cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Developmental trajectories of numerosity perception
Creators: name: Peev, Stoianov Ivilin
name: Marco, Zorzi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: numerosity perception
deep learning
cognitive development
visual perception

description: Numerosity estimation is an evolutionarily ancient ability that is thought to be foundational to mathematical learning in humans. It is widely believed that this ability is supported by a specialized mechanism, known as the Approximate Number System (ANS), which in primates has a specific neural substrate in the intraparietal sulcus. The ANS would represent numerosity in an abstract way and its representational precision, also known as “number acuity”, is thought to be causally linked to both typical and atypical pathways of numeracy acquisition. We recently showed that visual numerosity emerges as a high-order statistical feature of images in “deep” neural networks that learn a hierarchical generative model of the sensory input without supervision (Stoianov & Zorzi, 2012, Nat. Neurosc.). Here we demonstrate that the same model can readily account for the modulation of numerosity estimation performance induced by systematic manipulations of continuous visual properties of the stimuli, such as cumulative surface and occupied area – a finding recently interpreted as evidence against a mechanism that computes abstract numerosity (i.e., the ANS). Second, we show that the model’s number acuity during learning improves in a way that mirrors the human developmental trajectory from infancy throughout adulthood. Third, we show that the atypical developmental trajectory of number acuity observed in dyscalculic children can be simulated in the model by limiting the computational resources (i.e., number of hidden neurons in the deep layers) that are available for learning the generative model, which is in line with the finding of reduced gray matter density in the intraparietal sulcus of dyscalculic subjects.
description: {"references": ["Stoianov, I., & Zorzi, M. (2012). Emergence of a 'visual number sense' in hierarchical generative models. Nature Neuroscience, 15, 194\u2013196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2996", "Burr & Ross (2008). Current Biology, 18(6), 425-428", "Piazza, M., Facoetti, A., Trussardi, A. N., Berteletti, I., Conte, S., Lucangeli, D., et al (2010). Developmental trajectory of number acuity reveals a severe impairment in developmental dyscalculia. Cognition, 116, 33\u201341."]}
Fano-Kondo resonance versus Kondo plateau in an Aharonov-Bohm ring with an embedded quantum dot
Creators: name: Eto, Mikio
name: Sakano, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically examine the transport through an Aharonov-Bohm ring with an embedded quantum dot (QD), the so-called QD interferometer, to address two controversial issues regarding the shape of the Coulomb peaks and measurement of the transmission phase shift through a QD. We extend a previous model [B. R. Bulka and P. Stefanski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5128 (2001); W. Hofstetter, J. Konig, and H. Schoeller, ibid. 87, 156803 (2001)] to consider multiple conduction channels in two external leads, L and R. We introduce a parameter p_α (|p_α| \le 1) to characterize a connection between the two arms of the ring through lead α(=L, R), which is the overlap integral between the conduction modes coupled to the two arms. First, we study the shape of a conductance peak as a function of energy level in the QD, in the absence of electron-electron interaction U. We show an asymmetric Fano resonance for |p_{L,R}| = 1 in the case of single conduction channel in the leads and an almost symmetric Breit-Wigner resonance for |p_{L,R}| < 0.5 in the case of multiple channels. Second, the Kondo effect is taken into account by the Bethe ansatz exact solution in the presence of U. We precisely evaluate the conductance at temperature T=0 and show a crossover from an asymmetric Fano-Kondo resonance to the Kondo plateau with changing p_{L,R}. Our model is also applicable to the multi-terminal geometry of the QD interferometer. We discuss the measurement of the transmission phase shift through the QD in a three-terminal geometry by a "double-slit experiment." We derive an analytical expression for the relation between the measured value and the intrinsic value of the phase shift.
description: 36 pages, 9 figures
Evolution of Rotating Molecular Cloud Core with Oblique Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Machida, Masahiro N.
name: Matsumoto, Tomoaki
name: Hanawa, Tomoyuki
name: Tomisaka, Kohji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the collapse of rotating molecular cloud cores with inclined magnetic fields, based on three-dimensional numerical simulations.The numerical simulations start from a rotating Bonnor-Ebert isothermal cloud in a uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field is initially taken to be inclined from the rotation axis. As the cloud collapses, the magnetic field and rotation axis change their directions. When the rotation is slow and the magnetic field is relatively strong, the direction of the rotation axis changes to align with the magnetic field, as shown earlier by Matsumoto & Tomisaka. When the magnetic field is weak and the rotation is relatively fast, the magnetic field inclines to become perpendicular to the rotation axis. In other words, the evolution of the magnetic field and rotation axis depends on the relative strength of the rotation and magnetic field. Magnetic braking acts to align the rotation axis and magnetic field, while the rotation causes the magnetic field to incline through dynamo action. The latter effect dominates the former when the ratio of the angular velocity to the magnetic field is larger than a critical value Ω_0/ B_0 > 0.39 G^1/2 c_s^-1, where B_0, Ω_0, G, and c_s^-1 denote the initial magnetic field, initial angular velocity, gravitational constant, and sound speed, respectively. When the rotation is relatively strong, the collapsing cloud forms a disk perpendicular to the rotation axis and the magnetic field becomes nearly parallel to the disk surface in the high density region. A spiral structure appears due to the rotation and the wound-up magnetic field in the disk.
description: 45 pages, 17 figures, Submitted to ApJ, For high resolution figures see http://www2.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~machidam/ms060201.pdf
Microscopic Determinations of Fission Barriers, (MEAN-Field and Beyond)
Creators: name: Dobrowolski, A.
name: Goutte, H.
name: Berger, J. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With a help of the selfconsistent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) approach with the D1S effective Gogny interaction and the Generator Coordinate Method (GCM) we incorporate the transverse collective vibrations to the one-dimensional model of the fission-barrier penetrability based on the traditional WKB method. The average fission barrier corresponding to the least-energy path in the two-dimensional potential energy landscape as function of quadrupole and octupole degrees of freedom is modified by the influence of the transverse collective vibrations along the nuclear path to fission. The set of transverse vibrational states built in the fission valley corresponding to a successively increasing nuclear elongation produces the new energy barrier which is compared with the least-energy barrier. These collective states are given as the eigensolutions of the GCM purely vibrational Hamiltonian. In addition, the influence of the collective inertia on the fission properties is displayed, and it turns out to be the decisive condition for the possible transitions between different fission valleys.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, presented at XIII Workshop of Nuclear Physics, Kazimierz Dolny, 2006 (Poland)
Finite tight frames and some applications
Creators: name: Cotfas, Nicolae
name: Gazeau, Jean Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81R30; 52C23

description: A finite-dimensional Hilbert space is usually described in terms of an orthonormal basis, but in certain approaches or applications a description in terms of a finite overcomplete system of vectors, called a finite tight frame, may offer some advantages. The use of a finite tight frame may lead to a simpler description of the symmetry transformations, to a simpler and more symmetric form of invariants or to the possibility to define new mathematical objects with physical meaning, particularly in regard with the notion of a quantization of a finite set. We present some results concerning the use of integer coefficients and frame quantization, several examples and suggest some possible applications.
description: 28 pages, LaTeX in IOP style, New results added
Extended hydrodynamics from Enskog's equation for a two-dimensional system general formalism
Creators: name: Ugawa, Hideaki
name: Cordero, Patricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Balance equations are derived from Enskog's kinetic equation for a two-dimensional system of hard disks using Grad's moment expansion method. This set of equations constitute an extended hydrodynamics for moderately dense bi-dimensional fluids. The set of independent hydrodynamic fields in the present formulations are: density, velocity, temperature {\em and also}--following Grad's original idea--the symmetric and traceless pressure tensor $p_{ij}$ and the heat flux vector $\mathbf q^{k}$. An approximation scheme similar in spirit to one made by Grad in his original work is made. Once the hydrodynamics is derived it is used to discuss the nature of a simple one-dimensional heat conduction problem. It is shown that, not too far from equilibrium, the nonequilibrium pressure in this case only depends on the density, temperature and heat flux vector.
description: :9 pages, 1 figure, This will appear in J. Stat. Phys. with minor corrections and corresponds to Ref[9] of cond-mat/0507102
Runtime Analysis for the NSGA-II: Proving, Quantifying, and Explaining the Inefficiency For Many Objectives
Creators: name: Zheng, Weijie
name: Doerr, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The NSGA-II is one of the most prominent algorithms to solve multi-objective optimization problems. Despite numerous successful applications, several studies have shown that the NSGA-II is less effective for larger numbers of objectives. In this work, we use mathematical runtime analyses to rigorously demonstrate and quantify this phenomenon. We show that even on the simple $m$-objective generalization of the discrete OneMinMax benchmark, where every solution is Pareto optimal, the NSGA-II also with large population sizes cannot compute the full Pareto front (objective vectors of all Pareto optima) in sub-exponential time when the number of objectives is at least three. The reason for this unexpected behavior lies in the fact that in the computation of the crowding distance, the different objectives are regarded independently. This is not a problem for two objectives, where any sorting of a pair-wise incomparable set of solutions according to one objective is also such a sorting according to the other objective (in the inverse order).
description: Accepted for publication in "IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"
title: Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, Vol. 16 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Urban Mathematics Education
title: Journal of Urban Mathematics Education
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Journal Of Urban Mathematics Education
Publisher: name: Journal of Urban Mathematics Education
Year: 2023

description: The Role of Technology in Enhancing Urban Mathematics Education...1-13
A Trip to Guatemala...90-96
Educational Aspirations of Diverse Groups among Undergraduate Statistics Majors...14-30
Design Considerations for Facilitating Equitable Participation in an Ethical Data Science Course for High School Students...32-67
Integration of ethnomathematics in teaching geometry: a systematic review and bibliometric report...68-89
Analytical theory of forced rotating sheared turbulence. I. Perpendicular case
Creators: name: Leprovost, Nicolas
name: Kim, Eun-Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a consistent theory of turbulence in the presence of shear and rotation. Starting from a quasi-linear equation for the fluctuating fields, we derive turbulence amplitude and turbulent transport coefficients, taking into account the effect of shear and rotation on turbulence. We show that the shear reduces both turbulence amplitude and transport, more strongly in the direction parallel to the shear than in the perpendicular one, effectively inducing an anisotropic turbulence. The rotation further reduces turbulence amplitude and transport. The interaction between the shear and the rotation is shown to give rise to a novel non-diffusive flux of angular momentum ($Λ$-effect), providing a mechanism for the permanence of shearing structure in astrophysical and geophysical systems.
Photohadronic Modelling of the 2010 Gamma-ray Flare from Mrk 421
Creators: name: de León, A. Rosales
name: Brown, A. M.
name: Chadwick, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blazars are a subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGN) that have a relativistic jet with a small viewing angle towards the observer. Recent results based on hadronic scenarios have motivated an ongoing discussion of how a blazar can produce high energy neutrinos during a flaring state and which scenario can successfully describe the observed gamma-ray behaviour. Markarian 421 is one of the closest and brightest objects in the extragalactic gamma-ray sky and showed flaring activity over a 14-day period in March 2010. In this work, we describe the performed analysis of \textit{Fermi}-LAT data from the source focused on the MeV range (100 MeV - 1 GeV), and study the possibility of a contribution coming from the $pγ$ interactions between protons and MeV SSC target photons to fit the very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission. The fit results were compared with two leptonic models (one-zone and two-zone) using the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) test, which evaluates goodness-of-fit alongside the simplicity of the model. In all cases the photohadronic model was favoured as a better fit description in comparison to the one-zone leptonic model, and with respect to the two-zone model in the majority of cases. Our results show the potential of a photohadronic contribution to a lepto-hadronic origin of gamma-ray flux of blazars. Future gamma-ray observations above tens of TeV and below 100 MeV in energy will be crucial to test and discriminate between models.
description: Published in MNRAS. 11 pages, 3 figures
Increasing stability of the first order linearized inverse Schrödinger potential problem with integer power type nonlinearities
Creators: name: Zou, Sen
name: Lu, Shuai
name: Xu, Boxi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J25, 65N20

description: We investigate the increasing stability of the inverse Schrödinger potential problem with integer power type nonlinearities at a large wavenumber. By considering the first order linearized system with respect to the unknown potential function, a combination formula of the first order linearization is proposed, which provides a Lipschitz type stability for the recovery of the Fourier coefficients of the unknown potential function in low frequency mode. These stability results highlight the advantage of nonlinearity in solving this inverse potential problem by explicitly quantifying the dependence to the wavenumber and the nonlinearities index. A reconstruction algorithm for general power type nonlinearities is also provided. Several numerical examples illuminate the efficiency of our proposed algorithm.
description: 37 pages, 8 figures
Empirical Model for Discharge Current and Momentum Injection in Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Creators: name: Tang, Anthony
name: Vaddi, Ravi Sankar
name: Mamishev, Alexander
name: Novosselov, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuators with an asymmetric, straight edge electrode configuration generate a wall-bounded jet without moving parts. Mechanistic description of the interaction between the Coulombic forces and fluid motion as a function of DBD parameters remains unclear. This paper presents an experimental investigation of DBD actuator, including electrical current associated with microdischarges, plasma volume, and the wall jet momentum over a range of AC frequencies (0.5 - 2 kHz) and peak-to-peak voltages up to 19.5 kV. Discharge current is measured with a high temporal resolution, and plasma volume is characterized optically, and the momentum induced by the DBD wall jet is computed based on the axial velocities measured downstream of the actuator using a custom-built pitot tube. Discharge current analysis demonstrated asymmetry between the positive and negative semi-cycle; both currents yielded a power-law relationship with empirical fitting coefficients. Plasma length varies linearly and volume quadratically with voltage. Although plasma length reached an asymptotic value at a higher frequency, the plasma volume grows due to the increasing height of the ionization region. In a simple 2D configuration, the DBD wall jet momentum shows near-linear dependency with discharge current in the range of voltages and frequencies considered in this work. The presented empirical model characterizes the DBD wall jet momentum and the discharge current based only on the AC inputs. With the estimation of plasma volume, the model can be applied for determining more realistic boundary conditions in numerical simulations.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures submitted to Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood 1949
Creators: name: Rashidifard, Milad
name: Fourie, Hendrika
name: Daneel, Mieke Stefanie
name: Marais, Mariette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Secernentea
Tylenchida
Heteroderidae
Meloidogyne
Meloidogyne hapla

description: Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949
Figures 3, 7
 Measurements: Tables 4, 7
 Female (n= 2 perineal-patterns). Only three specimens were recorded and anterior ends were not in optimum condition to determine morphometric characteristics. Perineal-pattern circular to oval, dorsal arch low to medium, apex broadly rounded, inner striae above tail terminus low and round. Lateral lines indistinct, punctuation observed at tail terminus. Wing (wing shaped form in the lateral part of the perineal pattern) present. Phasmids 1–2 µm in diameter, interphasmidial distance 16–21 µm. Vulval slit 13–28 µm long and anus 11–24 µm posterior to vulva.
 Male. Males were not observed.
 Second-stage juvenile (n= 10). Body 314–737 µm long, vermiform, narrow, ventrally curve or straight. Head hemispherical, continuous, labial disc raised above median lips. Stylet 12–13 µm long, straight. Stylet knobs sloping backward. Dorsal gland opening 2–3 µm behind stylet knobs. Median bulb ovoid, enlarged with oval to fusiform valve. Excretory pore 67–70 µm from anterior end, opposite isthmus. Tail narrow, 43–57 µm long, conical elongated with roundish end and occasionally a clavate appendage observed at tail terminus.
 Remarks. The current M. hapla populations fit descriptions of other South African populations (Kleynhans, 1991), except for the occasional clavate appendage of the J2 tail terminus, noted for the first time in the present study.
description: Published as part of Rashidifard, Milad, Fourie, Hendrika, Daneel, Mieke Stefanie & Marais, Mariette, 2019, Morphological and morphometrical identification of Meloidogyne populations from various crop production areas in South Africa with emphasis on M. enterolobii, pp. 251-274 in Zootaxa 4658 (2) on pages 262-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3375820
Exact Quantum Virial Expansion for the Optical Response of Doped Two-Dimensional Semiconductors
Creators: name: Mulkerin, B. C.
name: Tiene, A.
name: Marchetti, F. M.
name: Parish, M. M.
name: Levinsen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantum virial expansion for the optical response of a doped two-dimensional semiconductor. As we show, this constitutes a perturbatively exact theory in the high-temperature or low-doping regime, where the electrons' thermal wavelength is smaller than their interparticle spacing. The virial expansion predicts new features of the photoluminescence, such as a non-trivial shape of the attractive branch related to universal low-energy exciton-electron scattering and an associated shift of the attractive peak from the trion energy. Our results are in excellent agreement with recent experiments on doped monolayer MoSe$_2$ [Zipfel et al., Phys. Rev. B 105, 075311 (2022)] and they imply that the trion binding energy is likely to have been overestimated in previous measurements. Our theory furthermore allows us to formally unify two distinct theoretical pictures that have been applied to this system, with the conventional trion picture results emerging as a high-temperature and weak-interaction limit of Fermi polaron theory.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures (published version)
Inverse square root level-crossing quantum two-state model
Creators: name: Ishkhanyan, T. A.
name: Papoyan, A. V.
name: Ishkhanyan, A. M.
name: Leroy, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new unconditionally solvable level-crossing two-state model given by a constant-amplitude optical field configuration for which the detuning is an inverse-square-root function of time. This is a member of one of the five families of bi-confluent Heun models. We prove that this is the only non-classical exactly solvable field configuration among the bi-confluent Heun classes, solvable in terms of finite sums of the Hermite functions. The general solution of the two-state problem for this model is written in terms of four Hermite functions of a shifted and scaled argument (each of the two fundamental solutions presents an irreducible combination of two Hermite functions). We present the general solution, rewrite it in terms of more familiar physical quantities and analyze the time dynamics of a quantum system subject to excitation by a laser field of this configuration.
Meloidogyne javanica Chitwood 1949
Creators: name: Rashidifard, Milad
name: Fourie, Hendrika
name: Daneel, Mieke Stefanie
name: Marais, Mariette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Secernentea
Tylenchida
Heteroderidae
Meloidogyne
Meloidogyne javanica

description: Meloidogyne javanica (Treub 1885) Chitwood, 1949
Figures 3 to 5, 9
 Measurements: Tables 3 to 4, 8, 10
 Female (n=153 perineal-patterns; n=10 intact females). Body pear-shaped. Stylet 17–21 µm long, basal knobs ovoid and sloping backward. Dorsal gland opening 3–4 µm posterior to stylet knobs. Median bulb 66–87 µm from anterior end, round, muscular with oval valve. Oesophagus lumen lining expanded immediately in front of oval median bulb lumen lining in some specimens. Neck 135–196 µm long. Perineal-pattern rounded to oval, dorsal arch low, apex square to broadly rounded, inner striae above tail terminus low to high. Lateral lines distinct, marked by two lateral lines. Phasmids small 1–2 µm in diameter, interphasmidial distance variable (20–41 µm). Vulval slit 19–32 µm long and 12–25 µm anterior to anus.
 Male (n= 5). Body vermiform, 1030–1455 µm long with rounded anteriorly and tapered posteriorly. Cuticle annulated. Head region round, continues and not off set. Stylet 21–23 µm long, straight, cone with pointed tip, shaft cylindrical. Knobs robust and transversely ovoid. Dorsal gland opening 3–5 µm posterior to stylet knobs. Median bulb elongated. Excretory pore 112–179 µm from the anterior end. Tail 12–15 µm long and tapered, not annulated. Spicule 25–30 µm long, ventrally curved, gubernaculum short (7–8 µm). Phasmids pore-like opposite to cloaca.
 Second stage juvenile (n= 81)
Body shape vermiform, narrow, mostly curved ventrally and 338–445 µm long. Head round and continues. Stylet 12–16 µm long. Dorsal gland opening 2–4 µm posterior to stylet knobs. Median bulb ovoid, enlarged with oval valve. Excretory pore 69–91 µm from anterior end. Tail narrow, 36–69 µm long, conical elongated and tapered with roundish tip.
 Remarks. The characteristics of this species compared well with the other South African M. javanica populations described by Kleynhans (1991) but differed in female stylet length, (17–21 µm vs 16–18 µm) and male body length (1030–1455 µm vs 1035–1668 µm).
description: Published as part of Rashidifard, Milad, Fourie, Hendrika, Daneel, Mieke Stefanie & Marais, Mariette, 2019, Morphological and morphometrical identification of Meloidogyne populations from various crop production areas in South Africa with emphasis on M. enterolobii, pp. 251-274 in Zootaxa 4658 (2) on page 268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3375820
Two remarks on the generalised Korteweg de-Vries equation
Creators: name: Tao, Terence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q53

description: We make two observations concerning the generalised Korteweg de Vries equation $u_t + u_{xxx} = μ(|u|^{p-1} u)_x$. Firstly we give a scaling argument that shows, roughly speaking, that any quantitative scattering result for $L^2$-critical equation ($p=5$) automatically implies an analogous scattering result for the $L^2$-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation $iu_t + u_{xx} = μ|u|^4 u$. Secondly, in the defocusing case $μ> 0$ we present a new dispersion estimate which asserts, roughly speaking, that energy moves to the left faster than the mass, and hence strongly localised soliton-like behaviour at a fixed scale cannot persist for arbitrarily long times.
description: 16 pages, no figures. A footnote is corrected
Paradoxes of Ratification: The Nagoya Protocol and Brazilian State Transformations
Creators: name: Eimer, Thomas R
name: Donadelli, Flavia
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This article explores the paradoxical behaviour of Brazil in relation to its national and international approaches to the regulations of access to genetic resources and benefits sharing with indigenous and other traditional communities. Brazil was one of the leaders in the international negotiations that led to the UN Nagoya Protocol but only ratified it 11 years later, after remarkable transformations of its internal biodiversity laws. We suggest that the seemingly contradictory behaviour has been shaped by the country’s internal political and ideological changes. This transformation goes hand in hand with substantial changes in state–society relations, particularly with regard to the balance of coalitions’ power between indigenous groups and industrial and agrarian elites. The article builds on the literature on state transformations and relies on the Advocacy Coalition Framework to show the importance of considering the impact of national-level politics on the fate of international agreements.
Vegetation histry of South Limburg
Creators: name: Groen, Jimmy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: vegetation history, paleo - vegetation, prehistoric, vegetation, archaeobotany, paleoethnobotany

description: A presentation on vegetation history on loess soils in South Limburg area based on the work of Arnold, Janssen and Bunnik. Presentation given for NHGLSouth Limburg and RWTH Aachen
Representations of the $p$-Adic $GSpin_4$ and $GSpin_6$ and the Adjoint L-Function
Creators: name: Asgari, Mahdi
name: Choiy, Kwangho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F85, 22E50

description: We prove a conjecture of B. Gross and D. Prasad about determination of generic $L$-packets in terms of the analytic properties of the adjoint $L$-function for $p$-adic general even spin groups of semi-simple ranks 2 and 3. We also explicitly write the adjoint $L$-function for each $L$-packet in terms of the local Langlands $L$-functions for the general linear groups.
description: Abstract, introduction and the bibliography slightly updated; removed some typos
ALLIANCE: Spectral solver for kinetic plasma turbulence
Creators: name: Gorbunov, Evgeny A.
name: Teaca, Bogdan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ALLIANCE code is developed to solve a new set of four-dimensional electromagnetic drift-kinetic equations in slab geometry [J. Plasma Phys. 88 905880117 (2022)]. The nonlinear equations are useful for the study of magnetized plasma systems at scales comparable to, or larger than the ion gyroradius. In particular, it is suited for the study the kinetic turbulent cascade in astrophysical plasma, while preserving finite Larmor radius effects at the fluid-kinetic transition. The equations solved are in spectral Fourier-Laguerre-Hermite form, a pseudo-spectral approach is used for the nonlinear terms, and the code is parallelised over multiple directions. After a presentation of the code, validation runs are shown, and benchmarks for serial and parallel computations are presented.
Hardware Acceleration of HPC Computational Flow Dynamics using HBM-enabled FPGAs
Creators: name: Hogervorst, Tom
name: Qiu, Tong Dong
name: Marchiori, Giacomo
name: Birger, Alf
name: Blatt, Markus
name: Nane, Razvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scientific computing is at the core of many High-Performance Computing applications, including computational flow dynamics. Because of the uttermost importance to simulate increasingly larger computational models, hardware acceleration is receiving increased attention due to its potential to maximize the performance of scientific computing. A Field-Programmable Gate Array is a reconfigurable hardware accelerator that is fully customizable in terms of computational resources and memory storage requirements of an application during its lifetime. Therefore, it is an ideal candidate to accelerate scientific computing applications because of the possibility to fully customize the memory hierarchy important in irregular applications such as iterative linear solvers found in scientific libraries. In this paper, we study the potential of using FPGA in HPC because of the rapid advances in reconfigurable hardware, such as the increase in on-chip memory size, increasing number of logic cells, and the integration of High-Bandwidth Memories on board. To perform this study, we first propose a novel ILU0 preconditioner tightly integrated with a BiCGStab solver kernel designed using a mixture of High-Level Synthesis and Register-Transfer Level hand-coded design. Second, we integrate the developed preconditioned iterative solver in Flow from the Open Porous Media (OPM) project, a state-of-the-art open-source reservoir simulator. Finally, we perform a thorough evaluation of the FPGA solver kernel in both standalone mode and integrated into the reservoir simulator that includes all the on-chip URAM and BRAM, on-board High-Bandwidth Memory, and off-chip CPU memory data transfers required in a complex simulator software such as OPM's Flow. We evaluate the performance on the Norne field, a real-world case reservoir model using a grid with more than 10^5 cells and using 3 unknowns per cell.
Low-scale inflation in a model of dark energy and dark matter
Creators: name: Hung, P. Q.
name: Masso, Eduard
name: Zsembinszki, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complete particle physics model that explains three major problems of modern cosmology: inflation, dark matter and dark energy, and also gives a mechanism for leptogenesis. The model has a new gauge group $SU(2)_Z$ that grows strong at a scale $Λ\sim 10^{-3}$ eV. We focus on the inflationary aspects of the model. Inflation occurs with a Coleman-Weinberg potential at a low scale, down to $\sim 6\times 10^5\gev$, being compatible with observational data.
description: 5 two-column pages, RevTex4; two reference added and minor changes made in the text; published in JCAP
Multiparticle tunneling in diffusive superconducting junctions
Creators: name: Bezuglyi, E. V.
name: Vasenko, A. S.
name: Bratus', E. N.
name: Shumeiko, V. S.
name: Wendin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a theoretical framework to describe multiparticle current transport in planar superconducting tunnel junctions with diffusive electrodes. The approach is based on direct solving of quasiclassical Keldysh-Green function equations for nonequilibrium superconductors, and consists of a combination of a circuit theory analysis and improved perturbation expansion. The theory predicts much greater scaling parameter for the subharmonic gap structure of the tunnel current in diffusive junctions compared to the one in ballistic junctions and mesoscopic constrictions with the same barrier transparency.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Supercond. Sci. Techn
A Comparison of Void-Finding Algorithms using Crossing Numbers
Creators: name: Veyrat, Dahlia
name: Douglass, Kelly A.
name: BenZvi, Segev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how well void-finding algorithms identify cosmic void regions and whether we can quantitatively and qualitatively compare the voids they find with dynamical information from the underlying matter distribution. Using the ORIGAMI algorithm to determine the number of dimensions along which dark matter particles have undergone shell-crossing (crossing number) in N-body simulations from the AbacusSummit simulation suite, we identify dark matter particles that have undergone no shell crossing as belonging to voids. We then find voids in the corresponding halo distribution using two different void-finding algorithms: VoidFinder and Voronoi Voids (V2), a ZOBOV-based algorithm. The resulting void catalogs are compared to the distribution of dark matter particles to examine how their crossing numbers depend on void proximity. While both algorithms' voids have a similar distribution of crossing numbers near their centers, we find that beyond 0.25 times the effective void radius, voids found by VoidFinder exhibit a stronger preference for particles with low crossing numbers than those found by V2. We examine two possible methods of mitigating this difference in efficacy between the algorithms. While we are able to partially mitigate the ineffectiveness of V2 by using the distance from the void edge as a measure of centrality, we conclude that VoidFinder more reliably identifies dynamically distinct regions of low crossing number.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, published in ApJ (this version updated to reflect the final publication, and in-prep references have been updated)
On two examples by Iyama and Yoshino
Creators: name: Keller, Bernhard
name: Murfet, Daniel
name: Bergh, Michel Van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13C14; 16E65

description: In the recent paper "Mutation in triangulated categories and rigid Cohen-Macaulay modules" Iyama and Yoshino consider two interesting examples of isolated singularities over which it is possible to classify the indecomposable maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules in terms of linear algebra data. In this paper we present two new approaches to these examples. In the first approach we give a relation with cluster categories. In the second approach we use Orlov's result on the graded singularity category. We obtain some new results on the singularity category of isolated singularities which may be interesting in their own right.
description: The first name of the first author was misspelled in the arXiv abstract. There are no changes in the paper
Electron-Acoustic Phonon Energy Loss Rate in Multi-Component Electron Systems with Symmetric and Asymmetric Coupling Constants
Creators: name: Prunnila, Mika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider electron-phonon (\textit{e-ph}) energy loss rate in 3D and 2D multi-component electron systems in semiconductors. We allow general asymmetry in the \textit{e-ph} coupling constants (matrix elements), i.e., we allow that the coupling depends on the electron sub-system index. We derive a multi-component \textit{e-ph}power loss formula, which takes into account the asymmetric coupling and links the total \textit{e-ph} energy loss rate to the density response matrix of the total electron system. We write the density response matrix within mean field approximation, which leads to coexistence of\ symmetric energy loss rate $F_{S}(T)$ and asymmetric energy loss rate $F_{A}(T)$ with total energy loss rate $ F(T)=F_{S}(T)+F_{A}(T)$ at temperature $T$. The symmetric component F_{S}(T) $ is equivalent to the conventional single-sub-system energy loss rate in the literature, and in the Bloch-Grüneisen limit we reproduce a set of well-known power laws $F_{S}(T)\propto T^{n_{S}}$, where the prefactor and power $n_{S}$ depend on electron system dimensionality and electron mean free path. For $F_{A}(T)$ we produce a new set of power laws F_{A}(T)\propto T^{n_{A}}$. Screening strongly reduces the symmetric coupling, but the asymmetric coupling is unscreened, provided that the inter-sub-system Coulomb interactions are strong. The lack of screening enhances $F_{A}(T)$ and the total energy loss rate $F(T)$. Especially, in the strong screening limit we find $F_{A}(T)\gg F_{S}(T)$. A canonical example of strongly asymmetric \textit{e-ph} matrix elements is the deformation potential coupling in many-valley semiconductors.
description: v2: Typos corrected. Some notations changed. Section III.C is embedded in Section III.B. Paper accepted to PRB
Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project - Volume 75
Creators: name: Hay, W.W.
name: Sibuet, J.-C.
name: The Leg 75 Science Party
Publisher: name: U.S. Government Printing Office
Year: 1984
Subjects: Deep Sea Drilling Project
Glomar Challenger
DSDP
Leg 75
Site 530
Site 531
Site 532
South Atlantic Ocean
Walvis Ridge
Angola Basin

description: This volume covers Leg 75 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger. Legs 71 through 75 of the International Phase of Ocean Drilling (IPOD) of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) were devoted to study of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleoenvironments in the South Atlantic Ocean. Leg 75 was specifically concerned with the development of anaerobic conditions in ancient oceans and with the effect of the Walvis Ridge as a barrier to water circulation during the early development of the South Atlantic, particularly in connection with the subsidence of the ridge through time. The main scientific objective of Leg 75 was to define the paleoenvironmental history of the South Atlantic in order to determine its paleoceanographic evolution, particularly during the mid-Cretaceous when black shales were deposited in this part of the Atlantic. Linked to this prime question was the other important objective: to study the paleoceanographic effects of the subsidence of an aseismic ridge attached to a passive continental margin and to determine the extent to which the Walvis Ridge has served as a dam to paleocirculation and to current-transported sediments. The D/V Glomar Challenger sailed for Leg 75 from Walvis Bay, South Africa, on 27 July 1980. Most of the drilling time was devoted to three holes at Site 530 in the Angola Basin. Site 531 was attempted on a guyot-like feature on the Walvis Ridge but could not be spudded in. The remainder of the time was devoted to hydraulic piston coring at Site 532, near Leg 40, Site 362, in order to obtain a detailed record of the Benguela upwelling system. The ship arrived in Recife, Brazil, on 6 September 1980.
Transversal flexoelectric coefficient for nanostructures at finite deformations from first principles
Creators: name: Codony, David
name: Arias, Irene
name: Suryanarayana, Phanish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel formulation for calculating the transversal flexoelectric coefficient of nanostructures at finite deformations from first principles. Specifically, we introduce the concept of \emph{radial polarization} to make the coefficient a well-defined quantity for uniform bending deformations. We use the framework to calculate the flexoelectric coefficient for group IV atomic monolayers using density functional theory. We find that graphene's coefficient is significantly larger than previously reported, with a charge transfer mechanism that differs from other members of its group.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Energy and Angular Momentum Densities in a Godel-Type Universe in the Teleparallel Geometry
Creators: name: Sousa, A. A.
name: Pereira, R. B.
name: Silva, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main scope of this research consists in evaluating the energy-momentum (gravitational field plus matter) and gravitational angular momentum densities in the universe with global rotation, considering the Godel-Obukhov metric. For this, we use the Hamiltonian formalism of the Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity (TEGR), which is justified for presenting covariant expressions for the considered quantities. We found that the total energy density calculated by the TEGR method is in agreement with the results reported by other authors in the literature using pseudotensors. The result found for the angular momentum density depends on the rotational parameter as expected. We also show explicitly the equivalence among the field equations of the TEGR and Einstein equations (RG), considering a perfect fluid and Godel-Obukhov metric.
description: 20 pages, no figures. Revised in view of Referee's comments. Version to appear in the Gravitation and Cosmology
Peer relationships in spinal cord injury recovery : Patient perspectives
Creators: name: Armstrong, Elizabeth-Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The importance of understanding the psychosocial adaptation to spinal cord injury (SCI) is well documented. From a symbolic interactionist perspective, peer interaction is relevant because it is through socialization that meaning is shared, allowing one to develop a sense of self (Chenitz & Swanson, 1986). Despite this, very little is known about the relationships that develop among persons with SCI. The purpose of this study was to reveal the perceptions of spinal cord injured patients of the relationships formed with their peers. Grounded theory was the research method used in this study. Interviews were conducted with seven people who were recovering from a SCI in a rehabilitation institution. The interview transcripts were analyzed using the methods described by Corbin (1986) and Strauss and Corbin (1990). Data analysis resulted in a description of the meaning of peer relationships to these SCI patients. Sample subjects provided a context through which the remainder of the data were viewed. Findings that contributed to this context were that subjects formed peer relationships in the rehabilitation setting and developed relationships only with staff while in acute care. As well, the development of peer relationships was strongly influenced by the maturational stage of each participant. With this context, the remainder of the data comprised the description of the participants' perceptions of peer relationships. The description encompassed two categories. The first described the variety of causal conditions under which peer relationships developed and was called Conditions for Peer Relationships. The second category, named Consequences of Peer Relationships, described the ways in which the SCI patients interacted and the results of those interactions. The data in this category fell into two sub-categories which were called Information Sharing and Gathering, and Caring. Analysis of the data about SCI peer relationships revealed that the subjects viewed these relationships as meaningful to their recovery process. Subjects identified tangible outcomes of their peer relationships which assisted them in coping from day to day. Further interpretation of the data revealed that peer relationships also contributed to the development of the new sense of self that the subjects were forming which incorporated their SCI.
Hydrolytic Degradability, Cell Tolerance and On-Demand Antibacterial Effect of Electrospun Photodynamically Active Fibres
Creators: name: Contreras, Amy
name: Raxworthy, Michael J.
name: Wood, Simon
name: Tronci, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Photodynamically active fibres (PAFs) are a novel class of stimulus-sensitive systems capable of triggering antibiotic-free antibacterial effect on-demand when exposed to light. Despite their relevance in infection control, however, the broad clinical applicability of PAFs has not yet been fully realised due to the limited control in fibrous microstructure, cell tolerance and antibacterial activity in the physiologic environment. We addressed this challenge by creating semicrystalline electrospun fibres with varying content of poly[(L-lactide)-co-(glycolide)] (PLGA), poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and methylene blue (MB), whereby the effect of polymer morphology, fibre composition and photosensitiser (PS) uptake on wet state fibre behaviour and functions was studied. The presence of crystalline domains and PS-polymer secondary interactions proved key to accomplishing long-lasting fibrous microstructure, controlled mass loss and controlled MB release profiles (37 degC, pH 7.4, 8 weeks). PAFs with equivalent PLGA:PCL weight ratio successfully promoted attachment and proliferation of L929 cells over a 7-day culture with and without light activation, while triggering up to 2.5 and 4 log reduction in E. coli and S. mutans viability, respectively. These results support the therapeutic applicability of PAFs for frequently encountered bacterial infections, opening up new opportunities in photodynamic fibrous systems with integrated wound healing and infection control capabilities.