cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lyman-$α$ coupling and heating at Cosmic Dawn
Creators: name: Mittal, Shikhar
name: Kulkarni, Girish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The global 21-cm signal from the cosmic dawn is affected by a variety of heating and cooling processes. We investigate the impact of heating due to Lyman-$α$ (Ly~$α$) photons on the global 21-cm signal at cosmic dawn using an analytical expression of the spectrum around the Ly~$α$ resonance based on the so-called `wing approximation'. We derive a new expression for the scattering correction and for the first time give a simple close-form expression for the cooling due to injected Ly~$α$ photons. We perform a short parameter study by varying the Ly~$α$ background intensity by four orders of magnitude and establish that a strong Ly~$α$ background is necessary, although not sufficient, in order to reproduce the recently detected stronger-than-expected 21-cm signal by the EDGES Collaboration. We show that the magnitude of this Ly~$α$ heating is smaller than previously estimated in the literature by two orders of magnitude or more. As a result, even a strong Ly~$α$ background is consistent with the EDGES measurement. We also provide a detailed discussion on different expressions of the Ly~$α$ heating rate used in the literature.
description: Published
Parental Responses to Children's Negative Emotions: Relations with Diverse Forms of Prosocial Behavior in Head Start Preschoolers
Creators: name: Gross, Jacquelyn
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Developmental psychology
subject: Comforting
subject: Emotion Socialization
subject: Helping
subject: Parenting
subject: Prosocial Behavior
subject: Sharing

description: An important predictor of prosocial behavior in childhood is parental response to child distress (PRD). Often, researchers have investigated the link between PRD and broad indices of prosociality. Recent research, however, suggests children’s prosocial behavior is multidimensional, with few studies finding correlations between specific behaviors. The goal of the present study was to investigate links between PRD and children's specific prosocial behaviors, in addition to examining these links among a rarely studied population. Predominantly African American preschoolers enrolled in Head Start (n=141) responded to an experimenter simulating needs; their helping, sharing, and comforting behaviors were recorded, and mothers reported on their PRD. Contrary to hypotheses, PRD did not predict any prosocial behaviors; also unexpectedly, the specific behaviors were correlated. These findings are inconsistent with previous studies, suggesting the multidimensional nature of prosociality, or the hypothesized role of PRD, may not apply to African American children from low-income families.
RECONSIDERING THE FARM PROBLEM UNDER AN INDUSTRIALIZING AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Creators: name: Schweikhardt, David B.
name: Schweikhardt, David B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Traditional notions about the "farm problem" may have to be reconsidered in light of the changing economic characteristics of industrialized agriculture. These changing conditions will affect the opportunity set of policy alternatives available to policy makers in developed countries. Changes in four economic characteristics of the farm sector may affect the acceptability of policy alternatives: (1) An increasing integration of domestic and international markets; (2) An increasing differentiation of farm production intended for specific end uses; (3) An increasing demand for environmental quality, with the income elasticity of the demand for environmental quality being greater than the income elasticity of the demand for food; and (4) An increasing economic diversity in rural areas that erodes the remaining linkages between the commercial agricultural sector and the rest of the rural economy.
D3.2 - Final Report on the Framework Knowledge Base
Creators: name: Mercado, Juan
name: Barrio, Santiago
name: Alvarez, Arturo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: EU4CHILD is an EU-funded project whose goal is to understand how artificial intelligence (AI) can help to improve paediatric cancer care. As a product of Task 3.1 of Work Package 3, this Deliverable 3.2 provides the dimensions of a future Framework on AI for paediatric cancer, which were anticipated in D3.1, and exemplifies how one particular type of information resource – a documentary information repository from different domains such as the scientific, ethical, regulatory, and clinical domains – can be articulated as a Knowledge Base. Along with the definition of guidelines, recommendations, and evaluation criteria for the development of AI solutions in the paediatric cancer field, we provide tools to support the implementation of such kind of solutions in real practice. On the other hand, the beforementioned prototype of a Knowledge Base is aimed to suit the information needs of a variety of audiences within the paediatric cancer sector and can feed (alongside other data sources such as cancer registries, imaging repositories, etc.) a future AI based platform for paediatric cancer.

As part of this rehearsal, the foundation for the design of such a platform is laid, considering the perspective of multiple stakeholders focusing on both clinical and technical content. In the process of creating this prototype, the ideal and polished version of such a knowledge base is also envisioned and described as a theoretical construct, for which the realization is beyond the scope of this research project. Thus, this Deliverable D3.2 presents the final version of the framework on AI alongside a refined example of how a Knowledge Base platform can be conceptualized.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Call for Pilot Projects and Preparatory Actions (PPPA) under Grant Agreement No 101018783
UVid-Net: Enhanced Semantic Segmentation of UAV Aerial Videos by Embedding Temporal Information
Creators: name: S, Girisha
name: Verma, Ujjwal
name: M, Manohara Pai M
name: Pai, Radhika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semantic segmentation of aerial videos has been extensively used for decision making in monitoring environmental changes, urban planning, and disaster management. The reliability of these decision support systems is dependent on the accuracy of the video semantic segmentation algorithms. The existing CNN based video semantic segmentation methods have enhanced the image semantic segmentation methods by incorporating an additional module such as LSTM or optical flow for computing temporal dynamics of the video which is a computational overhead. The proposed research work modifies the CNN architecture by incorporating temporal information to improve the efficiency of video semantic segmentation. In this work, an enhanced encoder-decoder based CNN architecture (UVid-Net) is proposed for UAV video semantic segmentation. The encoder of the proposed architecture embeds temporal information for temporally consistent labelling. The decoder is enhanced by introducing the feature-refiner module, which aids in accurate localization of the class labels. The proposed UVid-Net architecture for UAV video semantic segmentation is quantitatively evaluated on extended ManipalUAVid dataset. The performance metric mIoU of 0.79 has been observed which is significantly greater than the other state-of-the-art algorithms. Further, the proposed work produced promising results even for the pre-trained model of UVid-Net on urban street scene with fine tuning the final layer on UAV aerial videos.
description: Includes additional discussions/results and comparison with SOTA methods. Published in IEEE JSTARS
VALUING INJURY TO NATURAL RESOURCES: THE EFFECT OF RESOURCE QUALITY INFORMATION ON PERCEPTIONS AND CONTINGENT VALUES
Creators: name: Randall, Alan
name: Hoehn, John P.
name: Randall, Alan
name: Hoehn, John P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Respondents are heterogeneous in their prior information about resource injury. The analysis derives an updating model of how heterogeneous respondents incorporate new information contained in resource injury descriptions. The analysis confirms that the sign of the information effect is determined by the difference between new and prior information. However, in the present analysis, respondents differ in prior information so that treatment information induces different perceptions and different values in different respondents. The empirical analysis confirms that identical treatments result in different injury perceptions. Across respondents, treatment induced changes in perceived injury vary not only in size, but also in sign. Both theory and empirical results show that willingness to pay varies directly with perceived injury.
Stable stratification promotes multiple zonal jets in a turbulent Jovian dynamo model
Creators: name: Gastine, T.
name: Wicht, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ongoing NASA's Juno mission puts new constraints on the internal dynamics of Jupiter. Data gathered by its onboard magnetometer reveal a dipole-dominated surface magnetic field accompanied by strong localised magnetic flux patches. The gravity measurements indicate that the fierce surface zonal jets extend several thousands of kilometers below the cloud level before rapidly decaying below $0.94-0.96\,R_J$, $R_J$ being the mean Jovian radius at the one bar level. Several internal models suggest an intricate internal structure with a thin intermediate region in which helium would segregate from hydrogen, forming a compositionally-stratified layer. Here, we develop the first global Jovian dynamo which incorporates an intermediate stably-stratified layer between $0.82\,R_J$ and $0.86\,R_J$. Analysing the energy balance reveals that the magnetic energy is almost one order of magnitude larger than kinetic energy in the metallic region, while most of the kinetic energy is pumped into zonal motions in the molecular envelope. Those result from the different underlying force hierarchy with a triple balance between Lorentz, Archimedean and ageostrophic Coriolis forces in the metallic core and inertia, buoyancy and ageostrophic Coriolis forces controlling the external layers. The simulation presented here is the first to demonstrate that multiple zonal jets and dipole-dominated dynamo action can be consolidated in a global simulation. The inclusion of an stable layer is a necessary ingredient that allows zonal jets to develop in the outer envelope without contributing to the dynamo action in the deeper metallic region. Stable stratification however also smooths out the small-scale features of the magnetic field by skin effect. These constraints suggest that possible stable layers in Jupiter should be located much closer to the surface ($0.9-0.95\,R_J$).
description: 23 pages, 16 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Icarus
The impact of dietary ions on rumen ion concentrations
Creators: name: Catterton, Tracy Lynn
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Animal sciences
subject: chloride
subject: dairy cow
subject: dietary cation-anion difference
subject: potassium
subject: rumen ion
subject: sodium

description: Dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) evaluates the strong ion balance in dairy cattle diets.  We performed two experiments to study the impacts of strong dietary ions (Na, K, and Cl) on the rumen environment.  Our overall hypothesis was that dietary strong ions would influence their corresponding rumen concentrations.  Our objective was to determine the impact of the dietary strong ions on the rumen environment.  In the first experiment, five fistulated dairy cows consumed the following treatments: (1) a basal diet composed of corn silage and alfalfa hay and then the basal diet supplemented with (2) NaCl, (3) KCl, (4) NaHCO3, and (5) K2CO3.  Rumen samples were collected 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 9, and 12 h post-feeding to measure ion concentrations, pH, and volatile fatty acid concentrations.  In the second experiment, we conducted a meta-analysis of published literature that measured rumen strong ion concentrations.
Quantum measurement incompatibility in subspaces
Creators: name: Uola, Roope
name: Kraft, Tristan
name: Designolle, Sébastien
name: Miklin, Nikolai
name: Tavakoli, Armin
name: Pellonpää, Juha-Pekka
name: Gühne, Otfried
name: Brunner, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the question of characterising the incompatibility of sets of high-dimensional quantum measurements. We introduce the concept of measurement incompatibility in subspaces. That is, starting from a set of measurements that is incompatible, one considers the set of measurements obtained by projection onto any strict subspace of fixed dimension. We identify three possible forms of incompatibility in subspaces: (i) incompressible incompatibility: measurements that become compatible in every subspace, (ii) fully compressible incompatibility: measurements that remain incompatible in every subspace, and (iii) partly compressible incompatibility: measurements that are compatible in some subspace and incompatible in another. For each class we discuss explicit examples. Finally, we present some applications of these ideas. First we show that joint measurability and coexistence are two inequivalent notions of incompatibility in the simplest case of qubit systems. Second we highlight the implications of our results for tests of quantum steering.
description: 12 pages, no figures, comments are welcome! v2: published version
On the complexity of computing the capacity of codes that avoid forbidden difference patterns
Creators: name: Blondel, Vincent D.
name: Jungers, Raphael
name: Protasov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider questions related to the computation of the capacity of codes that avoid forbidden difference patterns. The maximal number of $n$-bit sequences whose pairwise differences do not contain some given forbidden difference patterns increases exponentially with $n$. The exponent is the capacity of the forbidden patterns, which is given by the logarithm of the joint spectral radius of a set of matrices constructed from the forbidden difference patterns. We provide a new family of bounds that allows for the approximation, in exponential time, of the capacity with arbitrary high degree of accuracy. We also provide a polynomial time algorithm for the problem of determining if the capacity of a set is positive, but we prove that the same problem becomes NP-hard when the sets of forbidden patterns are defined over an extended set of symbols. Finally, we prove the existence of extremal norms for the sets of matrices arising in the capacity computation. This result makes it possible to apply a specific (even though non polynomial) approximation algorithm. We illustrate this fact by computing exactly the capacity of codes that were only known approximately.
description: 7 pages. Submitted to IEEE Trans. on Information Theory
Market Power and Supply Shocks: Evidence from the Orange Juice Market
Creators: name: Wang, Honglin
name: Xiang, Qing
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Wang, Honglin
name: Xiang, Qing
name: Reardon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The orange juice market is a "weather market" because of its high geographical concentration and the natural characteristics of orange trees. A few hours of a freeze in Florida is enough to cause a supply shock to the orange juice market. How do oligopolistic firms react to supply shocks - do they become more collusive or more competitive? This paper empirically examines the proposition and finds that the level of market power of orange juice firms decreases significantly, and the market becomes more competitive during supply shocks even though prices rise.
In the Field
Creators: name: Lane, Cathy
name: Carlyle, Angus
Publisher: name: University of the Arts London
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 369999
subject: Other creative arts and writing not elsewhere classified

description: In the FieldSymposium15 - 16 Feb 2013Curated by Cathy Lane, Angus Carlyle and Cheryl TippA collaboration between CRiSAP and the British Library as part of the Sounds of Europe Project, with the support of the Culture Programme of the European Union.An international symposium for field recording that explored the practice, art and craft of field recording through a series of panel presentations, listenings and screenings.
Thermodynamical Interpretation of the Interacting Holographic Dark Energy Model in a non-flat Universe
Creators: name: Setare, M. R.
name: Vagenas, Elias C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent work of Wang, Lin, Pavon, and Abdalla [1], we generalize their work to the non-flat case. In particular, we provide a thermodynamical interpretation for the holographic dark energy model in a non-flat universe. For this case, the characteristic length is no more the radius of the event horizon (R_E) but the event horizon radius as measured from the sphere of the horizon (L). Furthermore, when interaction between the dark components of the holographic dark energy model in the non-flat universe is present its thermodynamical interpretation changes by a stable thermal fluctuation. A relation between the interaction term of the dark components and this thermal fluctuation is obtained. In the limiting case of a flat universe, i.e. k=0, all results given in [1] are obtained.
description: 12 pages, no figure, LaTeX; v2: 13 pages now, comments and clarifications added, to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Lower Gaussian heat kernel bounds for the Random Conductance Model in a degenerate ergodic environment
Creators: name: Andres, Sebastian
name: Halberstam, Noah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 39A12, 60J35, 60K37, 82C41

description: We study the random conductance model on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ with ergodic, unbounded conductances. We prove a Gaussian lower bound on the heat kernel given a polynomial moment condition and some additional assumptions on the correlations of the conductances. The proof is based on the well-established chaining technique. We also obtain bounds on the Green's function.
description: 19 pages; accepted version, to appear in Stochastic Process. Appl
Magnetic fields in barred galaxies. IV. NGC 1097 and NGC 1365
Creators: name: Beck, R.
name: Fletcher, A.
name: Shukurov, A.
name: Snodin, A.
name: Sokoloff, D. D.
name: Ehle, M.
name: Moss, D.
name: Shoutenkov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 3.5cm and 6.2cm radio continuum maps in total and polarized intensity of the barred galaxies NGC 1097 and NGC 1365. Both galaxies exhibit radio ridges roughly overlapping with the massive dust lanes in the bar region. The contrast in total intensity across the radio ridges is compatible with compression and shear of an isotropic random magnetic field. The contrast in polarized intensity is significantly smaller than that expected from compression and shearing of the regular magnetic field; this could be the result of decoupling of the regular field from the dense molecular clouds. The regular field in the ridge is probably strong enough to reduce significantly shear in the diffuse gas (to which it is coupled) and hence to reduce magnetic field amplification by shearing. This contributes to the misalignment of the observed field orientation with respect to the velocity vectors of the dense gas. Our observations, for the first time, indicate that magnetic forces can control the flow of the diffuse interstellar gas at kiloparsec scales. The total radio intensity reaches its maximum in the circumnuclear starburst regions, where the equipartition field strength is about 60μG, amongst the strongest fields detected in spiral galaxies so far. The regular field in the inner region has a spiral shape with large pitch angle, indicating the action of a dynamo. Magnetic stress leads to mass inflow towards the centre, sufficient to feed the active nucleus in NGC 1097. We detected diffuse X-ray emission, possibly forming a halo of hot gas around NGC 1097.
description: 32 pages with 45 PostScript figures. Accepted for publication in A&A; Typos corrected 12/10/2005
REEVALUATION OF ASCE 7-10 EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS ON THE COMPONENTS AND CLADDING OF LOW-RISE BUILDINGS USING MODERN WIND TUNNEL TESTING DATA
Creators: name: Gierson, Matthew Lloyd
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: aerodynamic database
subject: ASCE 7-10
subject: components and cladding
subject: external pressure coefficients
subject: low rise building
subject: Voronoi diagram

description: Wind loads for U.S. building designs are specified in a publication of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7). Portions of the current version, ASCE 7-10, rely on wind tunnel tests that date back 30-50 years. In recent decades, advances in computer technology have allowed the simultaneous recording of many more pressure taps than was possible before. This research proposes a step-by-step methodology which determines the external pressure coefficients (GCp) on the components and cladding of low-rise buildings using modern aerodynamic wind tunnel databases. Pressure tap time history data is used to calculate the peak pressure coefficients for a comprehensive sweep of arbitrarily selected grid areas, over all available tested wind directions. By incrementing grid area combinations with their contributing taps, GCp can be plotted versus effective area. External pressure coefficients for the analysis of cladding and components are under predicted by the current ASCE 7-10 specifications.
D3.1 - First Report on the Framework Knowledge Base
Creators: name: Mercado, Juan
name: Barrio, Santiago
name: Hermann, Annelore
name: Alvarez, Arturo
name: Gangas, Pilar
name: Lennox-Chhugani, Niamh
name: Lyne, Fiona
name: Brossette, Christian
name: Graf, Norbert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: EU4CHILD is an EU-funded project whose goal is to understand how Artificial intelligence (AI) can help to improve paediatric cancer care. As a product of Task 3.1 of Work Package 3, this Deliverable 3.1 anticipates dimensions of a future Framework on AI for paediatric cancer and gives an example of how one particular type of information resource – a documentary information repository from different domains such as the scientific, ethical, regulatory and clinical domains – can be articulated as a Knowledge Base that suits the information needs of a variety of audiences within the paediatric cancer sector and can feed, alongside other data sources such as cancer registries, imaging repositories, etc., a future AI based platform for paediatric cancer. For that purpose, the EU4CHILD consortium is working on constructing a knowledge base prototype for pediatric cancer. As part of this prototype the foundation for the design of such a platform is laid, taking into account the perspective of multiple stakeholders focusing on both clinical and technical content. In the process of creating the prototype, the ideal and polished version of such a knowledge base is also envisioned and described as a theoretical construct, for which the realization is beyond the scope of this research project.During the coming 6 six months, the Framework will be developed, and the Knowledge Base will be refined and continued to be populated with content, so that the final result will be reported in deliverable D3.2.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Call for Pilot Projects and Preparatory Actions (PPPA) under Grant Agreement No 101018783
A STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SUGAR BEET- AND NAVY BEAN- BASED CROP ROTATIONS IN MICHIGAN
Creators: name: Gebremedhin, Berhanu
name: Schwab, Gerald
name: Harwood, Richard R.
name: Christenson, Donald
name: Bricker, Calvin
name: Gebremedhin, Berhanu
name: Schwab, Gerald
name: Harwood, Richard R.
name: Christenson, Donald
name: Bricker, Calvin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: crop rotation
subject: cropping system
subject: risk
subject: stochastic dominance analysis
subject: first-degree stochastic dominance
subject: second-degree stochastic dominance.

description: Sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) and navy beans (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) have been important target crops in the crop rotation systems of many Michigan growers, particularly in the Saginaw Valley and the Thumb region. The recent decline in sugar beet yields combined with the erratic navy bean yields have led to concern about the optimal crop rotation for the East Central region in Michigan. Risk is an important consideration in a farmer's choice of cropping systems. This study uses 20 years of experimental data from the Michigan State University Saginaw Valley Research Farm to determine the risk efficiency of alternative sugar beet- and navy bean- based crop rotations that included corn (Zea mays L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as rotational crops. The crop rotations differed in rotation length and crop sequence. Stochastic dominance analysis showed that the two-year rotation of sugar beets followed by navy beans was first-degree stochastic (FSD) and second-degree dominant (SSD) over 11 other crop rotation alternatives. Crop rotations that included sugar beets in two-year rotations and both sugar beets and navy beans in three-year rotations were the next stochastic dominant systems. Keywords: crop rotation, cropping system, risk, stochastic dominance analysis, first-degree stochastic dominance, second-degree stochastic dominance.
A Note on Victoria's Hen Quota Transfer System
Creators: name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Alston, Julian M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Hen quotas were virtually freely transferable within Victoria when they were first introduced in 1975. The 1980's have witnessed a series of changes to regulations over quota transfers. Initially these changes were components of a plan to phase out quotas but that is no longer on the policy agenda. Quotas remain but without the advantages of free transferability. It is well established that restrictions on quota transfers in general lead to production inefficiencies. Another undesirable side-effect is that the value of quota and magnitude of quota rent are more difficult to measure when quota transfers are restricted, adding to the difficulties of assessing the effects of the regulations. In the Victorian egg industry these general problems are confounded by some features of the tender market for quota. The purpose of this note is to describe and analyse the effects of the Victorian hen quota transfer system on the efficiency of quota allocation and on the market price for quota.
Quasinormal modes of a black hole surrounded by quintessence
Creators: name: Chen, Songbai
name: Jing, Jiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the third-order WKB approximation, we evaluate the quasinormal frequencies of massless scalar field perturbation around the black hole which is surrounded by the static and spherically symmetric quintessence. Our result shows that due to the presence of quintessence, the scalar field damps more rapidly. Moreover, we also note that the quintessential state parameter $ε$ (the ratio of pressure $p_q$ to the energy density $ρ_q$) play an important role for the quasinormal frequencies. As the state parameter $ε$ increases the real part increases and the absolute value of the imaginary part decreases. This means that the scalar field decays more slowly in the larger $ε$ quintessence case.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Consequences of Deregulation in the Victorian Egg Industry
Creators: name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Alston, Julian M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Livestock Production/Industries

description: There has been much discussion in recent times of alternative proposals for reform of egg industry regulations. This paper aims to describe, analyse and measure the effects of possible changes to egg industry regulations in Victoria. The conclusion is that there are significant potential net benefits to Victorians from eliminating hen quotas and arrangements for fixing egg prices. The significant losses to each of a small number of producers would be more than offset by the small benefits to each of a large number of consumers. The majority of these net benefits could be obtained, alternatively, by allowing free transferability of quota rather than eliminating quota; but then the benefits would all accrue to quota owners.
Keeping TCP connections intact across server failures
Creators: name: Li, Rui
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Replication is widely employed to achieve fault tolerance and high availability. There are two common approaches: active replication and primary-backup replication. In the primary-backup approach, the service states are replicated on the backup server. When the primary server fails, the backup server takes over and continues the service. In most present implementations based on TCP/IP communication, the TCP connections between clients and servers break if the primary servers crash. The topic of this thesis is to keep the connections intact across primary server failures - the backup server will take all the TCP connections automatically so that, from the client's point of view, no services will be influenced by the failures. To achieve this goal, we implemented replication in the TCP layer. The information and data associated with the sockets are replicated on the backup server, so when a primary server fails, the backup server can reconstruct all the sockets. By using an ARP message to claim the IP address of the failed primary server, the backup server refreshes the routing tables in other nodes so the packets addressed to the failed primary server will be redirected to the backup server from then on. By this means, the backup server takes over seamlessly, without breaking the present TCP connections.
Generalized optimal paths and weight distributions revealed through the large deviations of random walks on networks
Creators: name: Gutiérrez, Ricardo
name: Pérez-Espigares, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerous problems of both theoretical and practical interest are related to finding shortest (or otherwise optimal) paths in networks, frequently in the presence of some obstacles or constraints. A somewhat related class of problems focuses on finding optimal distributions of weights which, for a given connection topology, maximize some kind of flow or minimize a given cost function. We show that both sets of problems can be approached through an analysis of the large-deviation functions of random walks. Specifically, a study of ensembles of trajectories allows us to find optimal paths, or design optimal weighted networks, by means of an auxiliary stochastic process (the generalized Doob transform). In contrast to standard approaches, the paths are not limited to shortest paths and the weights must not necessarily optimize a given function. Paths and weights can in fact be tailored to a given statistics of a time-integrated observable, which may be an activity or current, or local functions marking the passing of the random walker through a given node or link. We illustrate this idea with an exploration of optimal paths in the presence of obstacles, and networks that optimize flows under constraints on local observables.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
High-resolution imaging follow-up of doubly imaged quasars
Creators: name: Shajib, Anowar J.
name: Molina, Eden
name: Agnello, Adriano
name: Williams, Peter R.
name: Birrer, Simon
name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Fassnacht, Christopher D.
name: Morishita, Takahiro
name: Abramson, Louis
name: Schechter, Paul L.
name: Wisotzki, Lutz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report upon three years of follow-up and confirmation of doubly imaged quasar lenses through imaging campaigns from 2016-2018 with the Near-Infrared Camera2 (NIRC2) on the W. M. Keck Observatory. A sample of 57 quasar lens candidates are imaged in adaptive-optics-assisted or seeing-limited $K^\prime$-band observations. Out of these 57 candidates, 15 are confirmed as lenses. We form a sample of 20 lenses adding in a number of previously-known lenses that were imaged with NIRC2 in 2013-14 as part of a pilot study. By modelling these 20 lenses, we obtain $K^\prime$-band relative photometry and astrometry of the quasar images and the lens galaxy. We also provide the lens properties and predicted time delays to aid planning of follow-up observations necessary for various astrophysical applications, e.g., spectroscopic follow-up to obtain the deflector redshifts for the newly confirmed systems. We compare the departure of the observed flux ratios from the smooth-model predictions between doubly and quadruply imaged quasar systems. We find that the departure is consistent between these two types of lenses if the modelling uncertainty is comparable.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables. This version: accepted to MNRAS
Topological properties of the long-range Kitaev chain with Aubry-André-Harper modulation
Creators: name: Fraxanet, Joana
name: Bhattacharya, Utso
name: Grass, Tobias
name: Rakshit, Debraj
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Dauphin, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of the topological properties of the Kitaev chain with long-range pairing terms and in the presence of an Aubry-André-Harper on-site potential. Specifically, we consider algebraically decaying superconducting pairing amplitudes; the exponent of this decay is found to determine a critical pairing strength, below which the chain remains topologically trivial. Above the critical pairing, topological edge modes are observed in the central gap. For sufficiently fast decay of the pairing, these modes are identified as Majorana zero-modes. However, if the pairing term decays slowly, the modes become massive Dirac modes. Interestingly, these massive modes still exhibit a true level crossing at zero energy, which points towards an initimate relation to Majorana physics. We also observe a clear lack of bulk-boundary correspondence in the long-range system, where bulk topological invariants remain constant, while dramatic changes appear in the behavior at the edge of the system. In addition to the central gap around zero energy, the Aubry-André-Harper potential also leads to other energy gaps at non-zero energy. As for the analogous short-range model, the edge modes in these gaps can be characterized through a 2D Chern invariant. However, in contrast to the short-range model, this topological invariant does not correspond to the number of edge mode crossings anymore. This provides another example for the weakening of the bulk-boundary correspondence occurring in this model. Finally, we discuss possible realizations of the model with ultracold atoms and condensed matter systems.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, comments are welcome
Pediomyidae Simpson 1927
Creators: name: Sahni, Ashok
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1972
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Didelphimorphia
Pediomyidae

description: PEDIOMYIDAE SIMPSON, 1927a
The term Pediomyinae was used first in the discussion of the Hell Creek fauna by Simpson (1927a). Clemens (1966) raised the subfamily to familial status by proposing the name Pediomyidae, but restricted it to include only a single genus, Pediomys.
description: Published as part of Sahni, Ashok, 1972, The vertebrate Fauna of the Judith River formation, Montana, pp. 319-416 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147 (6) on page 384, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3382461
Little Higgs Review
Creators: name: Schmaltz, Martin
name: Tucker-Smith, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently there has been renewed interest in the possibility that the Higgs particle of the Standard Model is a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson. This development was spurred by the observation that if certain global symmetries are broken only by the interplay between two or more coupling constants, then the Higgs mass-squared is free from quadratic divergences at one loop. This "collective symmetry" breaking is the essential ingredient in little Higgs theories, which are weakly coupled extensions of the Standard Model with little or no fine tuning, describing physics up to an energy scale ~10 TeV. Here we give a pedagogical introduction to little Higgs theories. We review their structure and phenomenology, focusing mainly on the SU(3) theory, the Minimal Moose, and the Littlest Higgs as concrete examples.
description: To appear in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science; contains TASI'05 Little Higgs lecture notes, 44 pages
Pasture Improvement Adoption In South-Eastern New South Wales
Creators: name: Vere, David T.
name: Muir, A.M.
name: Vere, David T.
name: Muir, A.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Pasture improvement is said to be the technology which has most influenced Australia's post-war agricultural production but little is known of the factors which have influenced the pasture adoption process. This paper describes an exploratory analysis of the determinants of pasture improvement adoption on the central and southern tablelands of New South Wales, one of Australia's foremost grazing areas. The objectives were to quantify the separate influences on pasture improvement adoption and to determine whether there has been change in the response to these influences over time. The results indicate that most of the variation in improved pasture levels since 1950 was explained by movements in farm prices and input costs. Other periodic influences were evident as were important geographic and temporal differences.
Mining for normal galaxies in the First XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalog
Creators: name: Georgakakis, A
name: Chavushyan, V.
name: Plionis, M.
name: Georgantopoulos, I.
name: Koulouridis, E.
name: Leonidaki, I.
name: Mercado, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper uses the 1st XMM Serendipitous Source Catalog compiled by the XMM Science Center to identify low-z X-ray selected normal galaxy candidates. Our sample covers a total area of ~6deg^2 to the 0.5-2keV limit 1e-15cgs. A total of 23 sources are selected on the basis of low X-ray-to-optical flux ratio logfx/fopt1e-15cgs). We estimate a slope of -1.46\pm0.13 for the cumulative number counts consistent with the euclidean prediction. We further combine our sample with 23 local (z<0.2) galaxies from the CDF North and South to construct the local X-ray luminosity function of normal galaxies. A Schechter form provides a good fit to the data with a break at logL*~41.02cgs and a slope of -1.76\pm0.10. Finally, for the sample of 46 systems we explore the association between X-ray luminosity and host galaxy properties, such as SFR and stellar mass. We find that the L_X of the emission-line systems correlates with Ha luminosity and 1.4GHz radio power, both providing an estimate of the current star-formation rate. In the case of early type galaxies with absorption line optical spectra we use the K-band as proxy to stellar mass and find a correlation of the form L_X~L_K^1.5. This is flatter than the L_X-L_B relation for local ellipticals. This may be due to either L_K providing a better proxy to galaxy mass or selection effects biasing our sample against very luminous early-type galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Degeneracies when only T=1 two-body interactions are present
Creators: name: Escuderos, A.
name: Bayman, B. F.
name: Zamick, L.
name: Robinson, S. J. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the nuclear f_7/2 shell, the nucleon-nucleon interaction can be represented by the eight values E(J)=, J=0,1,...,7, where for even J the isospin is 1, and for odd J it is 0. If we set the T=0 (odd J) two-body matrix elements to 0 (or to a constant), we find several degeneracies which we attempt to explain in this work. We also give more detailed expressions than previously for the energies of the states in question. New methods are used to explain degeneracies that are found in {45}Ti (I=25/2- and 27/2-), {46}V (I=12^+_1 and 13^+_1, as well as I=13^+_2 and 15+), and {47}V (I=29/2- and 31/2-).
description: 21 pages; RevTeX4. We have filled in some holes, mainly including more equations for the 44Ti Section
Tensor decomposition for bosonic and fermionic scattering amplitudes
Creators: name: Peraro, Tiziano
name: Tancredi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we elaborate on a method to decompose multiloop multileg scattering amplitudes into Lorentz-invariant form factors, which exploits the simplifications that arise from considering four-dimensional external states. We propose a simple and general approach that applies to both fermionic and bosonic amplitudes and allows us to identify a minimal number of physically relevant form factors, which can be related one-to-one to the independent helicity amplitudes. We discuss explicitly its applicability to various four- and five-point scattering amplitudes relevant for LHC physics.
description: v2, minor changes and citations added
D4.2 - Communication and Dissemination Final Report
Creators: name: Abu, Sara
name: Tran, Amai
name: Lopez, Diana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This document provides a comprehensive overview of all dissemination and communicationactions undertaken to reach a critical mass throughout EU4CHILD’s lifetime. It contains adetailed description of the project’s visual identity, online channels, promotional materials andpublications, together with an introduction to its fieldwork methodology.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Call for Pilot Projects and Preparatory Actions (PPPA) under Grant Agreement No 101018783
Agricultural Research Management and the Ex Ante Evaluation of Research Proposals : A Review
Creators: name: Greig, I.D.
name: Greig, I.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: A review of the ex ante evaluation of research proposals is structured in the wider context of research management. Five functions of research management are identified; initiation, evaluation, selection, implementation and control, and dissemination. After considering the relative weights given to these functions In the. literature, it is concluded that the past emphasis on selection should, for agricultural research, give way to more on evaluation. A review of the literature indicates that ex ante evaluation of research is feasible, whether using simple expected value or more costly and complex probabilistic models. The cost of evaluation should be balanced against investment in both the other research functions and the proposals themselves.
On the Orbital Evolution of Low Mass Protoplanets in Turbulent, Magnetised Disks
Creators: name: Nelson, Richard P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged).We present the results of MHD simulations of low mass protoplanets interacting with turbulent disks. We calculate the orbital evolution of `planetesimals' and protoplanets with masses in the range 0 < m_p < 30 M_Earth. Planetesimals and protoplanets undergo stochastic migration due to interaction with turbulent density fluctuations. Over run times of ~ 150 planet orbits, stochastic migration dominates over type I migration for many models. Fourier analysis of the torques experienced by planets indicates that the torque fluctuations contain components with significant power whose time scales of variation are similar to the simulation run times. These low frequency fluctuations partly explain the dominance of stochastic torques, and may provide a powerful means of counteracting the type I migration of some planets in turbulent disks. Turbulence is a source of eccentricity driving. Planetesimals attained eccentricities in the range 0.02 < e < 0.14, m_p=1 M_Earth planets attained eccentricities 0.02 < e < 0.08, and m_p=10 M_Earth protoplanets reached 0.02 < e < 0.03. This is in basic agreement with a model in which turbulence drives e-growth, and interaction with disk material at coorbital Lindblad resonances causes e-damping. These results are significant for planet formation. Stochastic migration may prevent some planet cores migrating into their star via type I before becoming gas giants. The growth of planetary cores may be enhanced by preventing isolation. Eccentricity excitation by turbulence, however, may reduce growth rates of planetary cores during the runaway and oligarchic growth stages, and cause collisions between planetesimals to become destructive.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. A version with full resolution, colour figures is available from: http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/~rpn/preprints
Spontaneous symmetry breakdown in fuzzy spheres
Creators: name: Das, C. R.
name: Digal, S.
name: Govindarajan, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study and analyse the questions regarding breakdown of global symmetry on noncommutative sphere. We demonstrate this by considering a complex scalar field on a fuzzy sphere and isolating Goldstone modes. We discuss the role of nonlocal interactions present in these through geometrical considerations.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures