cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Duality Twisted Reductions of Double Field Theory of Type II Strings
Creators: name: Catal-Ozer, Aybike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study duality twisted reductions of the Double Field Theory (DFT) of the RR sector of massless Type II theory, with twists belonging to the duality group $Spin^+(10,10)$. We determine the action and the gauge algebra of the resulting theory and determine the conditions for consistency. In doing this, we work with the DFT action constructed by Hohm, Kwak and Zwiebach, which we rewrite in terms of the Mukai pairing: a natural bilinear form on the space of spinors, which is manifestly $Spin(n,n)$ invariant. If the duality twist is introduced via the $Spin^+(10,10)$ element $S$ in the RR sector, then the NS-NS sector should also be deformed via the duality twist $U = ρ(S)$, where $ρ$ is the double covering homomorphism between $Pin(n,n)$ and $O(n,n)$. We show that the set of conditions required for the consistency of the reduction of the NS-NS sector are also crucial for the consistency of the reduction of the RR sector, owing to the fact that the Lie algebras of $Spin(n,n)$ and $SO(n,n)$ are isomorphic. In addition, requirement of gauge invariance imposes an extra constraint on the fluxes that determine the deformations.
description: chapter 4 revised and expanded, references added, published version
An eye on the future for defeating hydrocephalus, ciliary dyskinesia-related hydrocephalus: review article
Creators: name: Hasanain, Amr Ali
name: Soliman, Mohamed A. R.
name: Elwy, Reem
name: Ezzat, Ahmed A. M.
name: Abdel-Bari, Sameh H.
name: Marx, Sascha
name: Jenkins, Alistair
name: Refaee, Ehab El
name: Zohdi, Ahmed
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Congenital hydrocephalus affects approximately one in 1000 newborn children and is fatal in approximately 50% of untreated cases. The currently known management protocols usually necessitate multiple interventions and long-term use of healthcare resources due to a relatively high incidence of complications, and many of them mostly provide a treatment of the effect rather than the cause of cerebrospinal fluid flow reduction or outflow obstruction. Future studies discussing etiology specific hydrocephalus alternative treatments are needed. We systematically reviewed the available literature on the effect of ciliary abnormality on congenital hydrocephalus pathogenesis, to open a discussion on the feasibility of factoring ciliary abnormality in future research on hydrocephalus treatment modalities. Although there are different forms of ciliopathies, we focused in this review on primary ciliary dyskinesia. There is growing evidence of association of other ciliary syndromes and hydrocephalus, such as the reduced generation of multiple motile cilia, which is distinct from primary ciliary dyskinesia. Data for this review were identified by searching PubMed using the search terms ‘hydrocephalus,’ ’Kartagener syndrome,’ ‘primary ciliary dyskinesia,’ and ‘immotile cilia syndrome.’ Only articles published in English and reporting human patients were included. Seven studies met our inclusion criteria, reporting 12 cases of hydrocephalus associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia. The patients had variable clinical presentations, genetic backgrounds, and ciliary defects. The ependymal water propelling cilia differ in structure and function from the mucus propelling cilia, and there is a possibility of isolated non-syndromic ependymal ciliopathy causing only hydrocephalus with growing evidence in the literature for the association ependymal ciliary abnormality and hydrocephalus. Abdominal and thoracic situs in children with hydrocephalus can be evaluated, and secondary damage of ependymal cilia causing hydrocephalus in cases with generalized ciliary abnormality can be considered.
Semi-Supervised Deep Learning for Fully Convolutional Networks
Creators: name: Baur, Christoph
name: Albarqouni, Shadi
name: Navab, Nassir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning usually requires large amounts of labeled training data, but annotating data is costly and tedious. The framework of semi-supervised learning provides the means to use both labeled data and arbitrary amounts of unlabeled data for training. Recently, semi-supervised deep learning has been intensively studied for standard CNN architectures. However, Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) set the state-of-the-art for many image segmentation tasks. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing semi-supervised learning method for such FCNs yet. We lift the concept of auxiliary manifold embedding for semi-supervised learning to FCNs with the help of Random Feature Embedding. In our experiments on the challenging task of MS Lesion Segmentation, we leverage the proposed framework for the purpose of domain adaptation and report substantial improvements over the baseline model.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Lubricated Immersed Boundary Method in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Fai, Thomas G.
name: Rycroft, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M99 (Primary) 76D08, 76Z05 (Secondary)

description: Many biological examples of fluid-structure interaction, including the transit of red blood cells through the narrow slits in the spleen and the intracellular trafficking of vesicles into dendritic spines, involve the near-contact of elastic structures separated by thin layers of fluid. Motivated by such problems, we introduce an immersed boundary method that uses elements of lubrication theory to resolve thin fluid layers between immersed boundaries. We demonstrate 2nd-order accurate convergence for simple two-dimensional flows with known exact solutions to showcase the increased accuracy of this method compared to the standard immersed boundary method. Motivated by the phenomenon of wall-induced migration, we apply the lubricated immersed boundary method to simulate an elastic vesicle near a wall in shear flow. We also simulate the dynamics of a vesicle traveling through a narrow channel and observe the ability of the lubricated method to capture the vesicle motion on relatively coarse fluid grids.
description: 35 pages, 11 figures
Lollipop and lariat symmetric functions
Creators: name: Dahlberg, Samantha
name: van Willigenburg, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 05E05, Secondary 05C15, 05C25

description: We compute an explicit $e$-positive formula for the chromatic symmetric function of a lollipop graph, $L_{m,n}$. From here we deduce that there exist countably infinite distinct $e$-positive, and hence Schur-positive, bases of the algebra of symmetric functions whose generators are chromatic symmetric functions. Finally, we resolve 6 conjectures on the chromatic symmetric function of a lariat graph, $L_{n+3}$.
description: 12 pages; final version to appear in SIAM J. Discrete Math
Recurrence in the high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation: a low dimensional analysis
Creators: name: Armaroli, Andrea
name: Brunetti, Maura
name: Kasparian, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a three-wave truncation of the high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation for deepwater waves (HONLS, also named Dysthe equation). We validate our approach by comparing it to numerical simulation, distinguish the impact of the different fourth-order terms and classify the solutions according to their topology. This allows us to properly define the temporary spectral upshift occurring in the nonlinear stage of Benjamin-Feir instability and provides a tool for studying further generalizations of this model.
Entanglement Entropy and Conformal Collider Physics in 2D CFTs
Creators: name: Vaknin, Talya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a conformal field theory in two dimensions in which an external perturbation is placed. We study the energy flux and entanglement entropy for one, two and multiple intervals and give a suggestion relating the two in some cases. We show that both the energy flux and the entanglement entropy exhibit a light-cone singularity which strongly depends on the regularization we choose.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Tremor as a symptom of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a systematic review
Creators: name: Khoury, Marc El
name: Mowforth, Oliver D.
name: Khoury, Anthony El
name: Partha-Sarathi, Celine
name: Hirayama, Yuri
name: Davies, Benjamin M.
name: Kotter, Mark R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: AO Spine RECODE-DCM (Research objectives and common data elements for degenerative cervical myelopathy) has highlighted that the subjective disability reported by people living with DCM is much broader than routinely considered today by most professionals. This includes a description of tremor. The objective of this review was to study the incidence and possible aetiology of tremor in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). A systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020176905) was conducted in Embase and MEDLINE for papers studying tremor and DCM published on or before the 20th of July 2020. All manuscripts describing an association between tremor and DCM in humans were included. Articles relating to non-human animals, and those not available in English were excluded. An analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA and SWiM guidelines for systematic reviews. Out of a total of 4402 screened abstracts, we identified 7 case reports and series describing tremor in 9 DCM patients. Papers were divided into three groups for the discussion. The first group includes DCM correctly identified on presentation, with tremor as a described symptom. The second group includes cases where DCM was misdiagnosed, often as Parkinson’s disease. The third group includes a single case with a previous history of DCM, presenting with an otherwise unexplained tremor. This grouping allows for the clustering of cases supporting various arguments for the association between tremor and DCM. DCM can be associated with tremor. The current evidence is restricted to case series. Further study is warranted to establish tremor prevalence, and its significance to assessment and management.
QSFit: Automatic analysis of optical AGN spectra
Creators: name: Calderone, G.
name: Nicastro, L.
name: Ghisellini, G.
name: Dotti, M.
name: Sbarrato, T.
name: Shankar, F.
name: Colpi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present QSFit, a new software package to automatically perform the analysis of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) optical spectra. The software provides luminosity estimates for the AGN continuum, the Balmer continuum, both optical and UV iron blended complex, host galaxy and emission lines, as well as width, velocity offset and equivalent width of 20 emission lines. Improving on a number of previous studies on AGN spectral analysis, QSFit fits all the components simultaneously, using an AGN continuum model which extends over the entire available spectrum, and is thus a probe of the actual AGN continuum whose estimates are scarcely influenced by localized features (e.g. emission lines) in the spectrum. We used QSFit to analyze 71,251 optical spectra of Type 1 AGN at z < 2 (obtained by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, SDSS) and to produce a publicly available catalog of AGN spectral properties. Such catalog allowed us (for the first time) to estimate the AGN continuum slope and the Balmer continuum luminosity on a very large sample, and to show that there is no evident correlation between these quantities the redshift. All data in the catalog, the plots with best fitting model and residuals, and the IDL code we used to perform the analysis, are available on a dedicated website. The whole fitting process is customizable for specific needs, and can be extended to analyze spectra from other data sources. The ultimate purpose of QSFit is to allow astronomers to run standardized recipes to analyze the AGN data, in a simple, replicable and shareable way.
description: 33 pages, 25 figures, 3 appendices. Replaced with accepted version in MNRAS. Reference website is: http://qsfit.inaf.it/
Effects of mean-field and the softening of equation of state on elliptic flow in Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5 GeV from JAM model
Creators: name: Chen, Jiamin
name: Luo, Xiaofeng
name: Liu, Feng
name: Nara, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a systematic study of elliptic flow ($v_2$) in Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5$ GeV by using a microscopic transport model JAM. The centrality, pseudorapidity, transverse momentum and beam energy dependence of $v_2$ for charged as well as identified hadrons are studied. We investigate the effects of both the hadronic mean-field and the softening of equation of state (EoS) on elliptic flow. The softening of EoS is realized by imposing attractive orbits in two body scattering, which can reduce the pressure of the system. We found that the softening of EoS leads to the enhancement of $v_2$, while the hadronic mean-field suppresses $v_2$ relative to the cascade mode. It indicates that elliptic flow at high baryon density regions is highly sensitive to the EoS and the enhancement of $v_2$ may probe the signature of a first-order phase transition in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies of a strong baryon stopping region.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Chinese Physics C
A limit theorem for a splitting distribution of a quantum walk
Creators: name: Machida, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Discrete-time quantum walks are considered a counterpart of random walks and the study for them has been getting attention since around 2000. In this paper, we focus on a quantum walk which generates a probability distribution splitting to two parts. The quantum walker with two coin states spreads at points, represented by integers, and we analyze the chance of finding the walker at each position after it carries out a unitary evolution a lot of times. The result is reported as a long-time limit distribution from which one can see an approximation to the finding probability.
description: International Journal of Quantum Information, Vol.16, No.3, 1850023 (2018)
Harmonic analysis approach to Gromov--Hausdorff convergence for noncommutative tori
Creators: name: Junge, Marius
name: Rezvani, Sepideh
name: Zeng, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the rotation algebras are limit of matrix algebras in a very strong sense of convergence for algebras with additional Lipschitz structure. Our results generalize to higher dimensional noncommutative tori and operator valued coefficients. In contrast to previous results by Rieffel, Li, Kerr, and Latrémolière we use Lipschitz norms induced by the `carré du champ' of certain natural dynamical systems, including the heat semigroup.
description: 81 pages, revised version to appear in CMP
Spectral properties of the quantum Mixmaster universe
Creators: name: Bergeron, Hervé
name: Czuchry, Ewa
name: Gazeau, Jean-Pierre
name: Małkiewicz, Przemysław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spectral properties of the anisotropic part of Hamiltonian entering the quantum dynamics of the Mixmaster universe. We derive the explicit asymptotic expressions for the energy spectrum in the limit of large and small volumes of the universe. Then we study the threshold condition between both regimes. Finally we prove that the spectrum is purely discrete for any volume of the universe. Our results validate and improve the known approximations to the anisotropy potential. They should be useful for any approach to the quantization of the Mixmaster universe.
description: Version accepted by Phys. Rev. D
The phonon assisted absorption of excitons in Cu$_2$O
Creators: name: Schöne, Florian
name: Stolz, Heinrich
name: Naka, Nobuko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The basic theoretical foundation for the modelling of phonon assisted absorption spectra in direct bandgap semiconductors, introduced by Elliott 60 years ago using second order perturbation theory, results in a square root shaped dependency close to the absorption edge. A careful analysis of the experiments reveals that for the yellow S excitons in Cu$_2$O the lineshape does not follow that square root dependence. The reexamination of the theory shows that the basic assumptions of constant matrix elements and constant energy denominators is invalid for semiconductors with dominant exciton effects like Cu$_2$O, where the phonon assisted absorption proceeds via intermediate exciton states. The overlap between these and the final exciton states strongly determines the dependence of the absorption on the photon energy. To describe the experimental observed line shape of the indirect absorption of the yellow S exciton states we find it necessary to assume a momentum dependent deformation potential for the optical phonons.
Almost Sure Invariance Principle for non-autonomous holomorphic dynamics in $\Bbb{P}^k$
Creators: name: Bayraktar, Turgay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F10, 60F17, 32H50

description: We prove almost sure invariance principle, a strong form of approximation by Brownian motion, for non-autonomous holomorphic dynamical systems on complex projective space $\Bbb{P}^k$ for Hölder continuous and DSH observables.
description: v2. Minor revisions, v3. Statement of Theorem 1.2 is slightly improved by relaxing the assumption on the growth rate of the variances. Incorporating Referee comments. To appear in Comform. Geom. Dyn
SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATORY MAGAZINE - issn 2965-0704
Creators: name: ACCREDITATION: INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION  08-675
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: pesquisa, minhabolsa, artigos

description: Revista do Centro de Pesquisa Minha Bolsa com artigos dos seus alunos de Mestrado, Doutorado e Pós-Doutorado
Quantum uncertainty relation using coherence
Creators: name: Yuan, Xiao
name: Bai, Ge
name: Peng, Tianyi
name: Ma, Xiongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement outcomes of a quantum state can be genuinely random (unpredictable) according to the basic laws of quantum mechanics. The Heisenberg-Robertson uncertainty relation puts constrains on the accuracy of two noncommuting observables. The existing uncertainty relations adopt variance or entropic measures, which are functions of observed outcome distributions, to quantify the uncertainty. According to recent studies of quantum coherence, such uncertainty measures contain both classical (predictable) and quantum (unpredictable) components. In order to extract out the quantum effects, we define quantum uncertainty to be the coherence of the state on the measurement basis. We discover a quantum uncertainty relation of coherence between two measurement non-commuting bases. Furthermore, we analytically derive the quantum uncertainty relation for the qubit case with three widely adopted coherence measures, the relative entropy using coherence, the coherence of formation, and the $l_1$ norm of coherence.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures
Patient and physician positioning during anterior skull base surgery impacts physician ergonomics
Creators: name: Maniam, Pavithran
name: Lucocq, James
name: Gohil, Rohit
name: Lewis-Morgan, Giles
name: Rokade, Ashok
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The effects of anterior skull base surgery on surgeon’s ergonomics remain unclear and this study explores the impact of patient, surgeon and screen positioning on surgeon’s ergonomics during anterior skull base surgery using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) tool. A total of 20 different surgical positions involving the operating surgeon, assisting surgeon, patient head position, camera position and screen position/number were simulated. For each position, the ergonomic effects on the upper limb, neck, trunk and lower limb of surgeons were analysed using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) tool. The lowest RULA score is 2 and the maximum score is 6. The majority of scores ranged from 2 to 3 suggesting the majority of positions have acceptable postures. The average RULA score of the right side of operating surgeon was 2.8 versus 2.95 on the left-side (p = 0.297). For the assisting surgeon, the average RULA score of the right side was 3.65 versus 3.25 for the left side (p = 0.053). The average combined (left and right) RULA score for the operating surgeon was 5.76 versus 6.9 for the assisting surgeon (p < 0.001). Position 17 (operating surgeon to the right of patient, assisting surgeon to the left of patient, central patient head position and two screens) is the most ergonomically favourable position. Position 2 (operating and assisting surgeon to the right of patient, patient head position to the right and one screen position to the left of patient) is the least favourable position. This simulation raises awareness of risk of musculoskeletal injury in anterior skull base surgery and highlights that certain positional behaviours are better for reducing injury risk than others. Two screens should be considered when performing a two-surgeon, four-hand anterior skull base surgery and surgeons should consider applying this to their own ergonomic environment in theatre.
A fast and stable test to check if a weakly diagonally dominant matrix is a nonsingular M-matrix
Creators: name: Azimzadeh, Parsiad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65F30, 15B48, 15B51 (Primary), 65F50 (Secondary)

description: We present a test for determining if a substochastic matrix is convergent. By establishing a duality between weakly chained diagonally dominant (w.c.d.d.) L-matrices and convergent substochastic matrices, we show that this test can be trivially extended to determine whether a weakly diagonally dominant (w.d.d.) matrix is a nonsingular M-matrix. The test's runtime is linear in the order of the input matrix if it is sparse and quadratic if it is dense. This is a partial strengthening of the cubic test in [J. M. Peña., A stable test to check if a matrix is a nonsingular M-matrix, Math. Comp., 247, 1385-1392, 2004]. As a by-product of our analysis, we prove that a nonsingular w.d.d. M-matrix is a w.c.d.d. L-matrix, a fact whose converse has been known since at least 1964. We point out that this strengthens some recent results on M-matrices in the literature.
Gbps User Rates Using mmWave Relayed Backhaul with High Gain Antennas
Creators: name: Du, Jinfeng
name: Onaran, Efe
name: Chizhik, Dmitry
name: Venkatesan, Sivarama
name: Valenzuela, Reinaldo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Delivering Gbps high user rate over long distances (around 1 km) is challenging, and the abundant spectrum available in millimeter wave band cannot solve the challenge by its own due to the severe path loss and other limitations. Since it is economically challenging to deploy wired backhaul every few hundred meters, relays (e.g., wireless access points) have been proposed to extend the coverage of a base station which has wired connection to the core network. These relays, deployed every few hundred meters, serve the users in their vicinity and are backhauled to the base station through wireless connections. In this work, the wireless relayed backhaul design has been formulated as a topology-bandwidth-power joint optimization problem, and the influence of path loss, angular spread, array size, and RF power limitation on the user rate has been evaluated. It has been shown that for a linear network deployed along the street at 28 GHz, when high joint directional gain (50 dBi) is available, 1 Gbps user rate within cell range of 1 km can be delivered using 1.5 GHz of bandwidth (using single polarization antennas). The user rates drop precipitously when joint directional gain is reduced, or when the path loss is much more severe. When the number of RF chains is limited, the benefit of larger arrays will eventually be surpassed by the increased channel estimation penalty as the effective beamforming gain saturates owing to the channel angular spread.
description: Fixed a typo in the caption of Figure 2 ("5 dBi" should be "8 dBi")
Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract in 2K1C rats
Creators: name: 张军(Chen)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Metagenome
Environment

description: In 2K1C rats, Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract improves hypertension through the interaction between microrna, gut microbiome, and inflammatory and metabolic pathways, and can be used as a potential therapeutic agent to treat hypertension.
Evaluating Vaccine Efficacy Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Creators: name: Lin, Dan-Yu
name:  Janes, Holly E
name:  Gilbert, Peter B
name:  Zeng, Donglin
name:  Gu, Yu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Although interim results from several large placebo-controlled phase 3 trials demonstrated high vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic COVID-19, it is unknown how effective the vaccines are in preventing people from becoming asymptomatically in- fected and potentially spreading the virus unwittingly. It is more difficult to evaluate VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection than against symptomatic COVID-19 because infection is not observed directly but rather is known to occur between two antibody or RT-PCR tests. Ad- ditional challenges arise as community transmission changes over time and as participants are vaccinated on different dates because of staggered enrollment of participants or crossover of placebo recipients to the vaccine arm before the end of the study. Here, we provide valid and efficient statistical methods for estimating potentially waning VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection with blood or nasal samples under time-varying community transmission, stag- gered enrollment, and blinded or unblinded crossover. We demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed methods through numerical studies mimicking the BNT162b2 phase 3 trial and the Prevent COVID U study. In addition, we assess how crossover and the frequency of diagnostic tests affect the precision of VE estimates.
Interpretation miniatures
Creators: name: Nikolic, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most physicists do not have patience for reading long and obscure interpretation arguments and disputes. Hence, to attract attention of a wider physics community, in this paper various old and new aspects of quantum interpretations are explained in a concise and simple (almost trivial) form. About the "Copenhagen" interpretation, we note that there are several different versions of it and explain how to make sense of "local non-reality" interpretation. About the many-world interpretation, we explain that it is neither local nor non-local, that it cannot explain the Born rule, that it suffers from the preferred basis problem, and that quantum suicide cannot be used to test it. About the Bohmian interpretation, we explain that it is analogous to dark matter, use it to explain that there is no big difference between non-local correlation and non-local causation, and use some condensed-matter ideas to outline how non-relativistic Bohmian theory could be a theory of everything. We also explain how different interpretations can be used to demystify the delayed choice experiment, to resolve the problem of time in quantum gravity, and to provide alternatives to quantum non-locality. Finally, we explain why is life compatible with the 2nd law.
description: 12 pages, revised, new references, accepted for publication in Int. J. Quantum Inf
Popular interventions to enhance sustained attention in children and adolescents: A critical systematic review
Creators: name: Slattery, Éadaoin J.
name: Callaghan, Eoin O
name: RYAN, PATRICK
name: Fortune, Donal G.
name: McAvinue, Laura P.
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: There are a myriad of interventions promoting activities designed to help enhance sustained attention in children and adolescents. In this systematic review, we critically evaluate the evidence behind three popular sustained attention training approaches – cognitive attention training, meditation, and physical activity. Seven databases were searched in addition to secondary searches. Cognitive attention training, meditation training or physical activity intervention studies aimed at improving sustained attention (randomised-controlled or non-randomised controlled designs) in samples of children and adolescents (3–18 years) were included. We screened 3437 unique articles. Thirty-seven studies satisfied inclusion criteria. In general, cognitive attention training (n = 14) did not reliably improve sustained attention. Physical activity (n = 15) and meditation interventions (n = 8) demonstrated somewhat more potential in enhancing sustained attention, but these effects should be considered preliminary and need to be replicated with greater methodological rigour. Cognitive attention training demonstrated very limited transfer to other aspects of attention. Notably, mindfulness training had rather consistent positive effects on selective attention. Across all three intervention types, there was very weak evidence for transfer to other aspects of cognition, behaviour, and academic achievement. The paper concludes with methodological recommendations for future studies to strengthen the evidence base.
Improved constraints on monopole-dipole interaction mediated by pseudo-scalar bosons
Creators: name: Crescini, N.
name: Braggio, C.
name: Carugno, G.
name: Falferi, P.
name: Ortolan, A.
name: Ruoso, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a more stringent upper limit on long-range axion-mediated forces obtained by the QUAX-g$_p$g$_s$ experiment, located at the INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. We investigate the possible coupling between the electron spins of a paramagnetic GSO crystal and unpolarized nucleons of lead disks by measuring variations of GSO magnetization with a dc-SQUID magnetometer. Such an induced magnetization can be interpreted as the effect of a long-range spin dependent interaction mediated by axions or Axion Like Particles (ALPs). The corresponding coupling strength is proportional to the CP violating term $g_p^eg_s^N$, i.e. the product of the pseudoscalar and scalar coupling constants of electron and nucleon, respectively. Previous upper limits are improved by one order of magnitude, namely $g_p^eg_s^N/(\hbar c) \le 4.3\times10^{-30}$ at 95% confidence level, in the interaction range $10^{-3}$ m $
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, Physics Letters B, 2017
On the discrepancy between best and uniform approximation
Creators: name: Schleischitz, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J13, 11J25, 11J82

description: For $ζ$ a transcendental real number, we consider the classical Diophantine exponents $w_{n}(ζ)$ and $\widehat{w}_{n}(ζ)$. They measure how small $| P(ζ)|$ can be for an integer polynomial $P$ of degree at most $n$ and naive height bounded by $X$, for arbitrarily large and all large $X$, respectively. The discrepancy between the exponents $w_{n}(ζ)$ and $\widehat{w}_{n}(ζ)$ has attracted interest recently. Studying parametric geometry of numbers, W. Schmidt and L. Summerer were the first to refine the trivial inequality $w_{n}(ζ)\geq \widehat{w}_{n}(ζ)$. Y. Bugeaud and the author found another estimation provided that the condition $w_{n}(ζ)>w_{n-1}(ζ)$ holds. In this paper we establish an unconditioned version of the latter result, which can be regarded as a proper extension. Unfortunately, the new contribution involves an additional exponent and is of interest only in certain cases.
description: 8 pages
Dust attenuation, bulge formation and inside-out cessation of star-formation in Star-Forming Main Sequence galaxies at z~2
Creators: name: Tacchella, S.
name: Carollo, C. M.
name: Schreiber, N. M. Forster
name: Renzini, A.
name: Dekel, A.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Lang, P.
name: Lilly, S. J.
name: Mancini, C.
name: Onodera, M.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Wuyts, S.
name: Zamorani, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive two-dimensional dust attenuation maps at $\sim1~\mathrm{kpc}$ resolution from the UV continuum for ten galaxies on the $z\sim2$ Star-Forming Main Sequence (SFMS). Comparison with IR data shows that 9 out of 10 galaxies do not require further obscuration in addition to the UV-based correction, though our sample does not include the most heavily obscured, massive galaxies. The individual rest-frame $V$-band dust attenuation (A$_{\rm V}$) radial profiles scatter around an average profile that gently decreases from $\sim1.8$ mag in the center down to $\sim0.6$ mag at $\sim3-4$ half-mass radii. We use these maps to correct UV- and H$α$-based star-formation rates (SFRs), which agree with each other. At masses $<10^{11}~M_{\rm sun}$, the dust-corrected specific SFR (sSFR) profiles are on average radially constant at a mass-doubling timescale of $\sim300~\mathrm{Myr}$, pointing at a synchronous growth of bulge and disk components. At masses $>10^{11}~M_{\rm sun}$, the sSFR profiles are typically centrally-suppressed by a factor of $\sim10$ relative to the galaxy outskirts. With total central obscuration disfavored, this indicates that at least a fraction of massive $z\sim2$ SFMS galaxies have started their inside-out star-formation quenching that will move them to the quenched sequence. In combination with other observations, galaxies above and below the ridge of the SFMS relation have respectively centrally-enhanced and centrally-suppressed sSFRs relative to their outskirts, supporting a picture where bulges are built due to gas `compaction' that leads to a high central SFR as galaxies move towards the upper envelope of SFMS.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures (incl. appendix); accepted by ApJ
Uncertainty Quantification of geochemical and mechanical compaction in layered sedimentary basins
Creators: name: Colombo, Ivo
name: Nobile, Fabio
name: Porta, Giovanni
name: Scotti, Anna
name: Tamellini, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A10, 65C20, 65N30

description: In this work we propose an Uncertainty Quantification methodology for sedimentary basins evolution under mechanical and geochemical compaction processes, which we model as a coupled, time-dependent, non-linear, monodimensional (depth-only) system of PDEs with uncertain parameters. While in previous works (Formaggia et al. 2013, Porta et al., 2014) we assumed a simplified depositional history with only one material, in this work we consider multi-layered basins, in which each layer is characterized by a different material, and hence by different properties. This setting requires several improvements with respect to our earlier works, both concerning the deterministic solver and the stochastic discretization. On the deterministic side, we replace the previous fixed-point iterative solver with a more efficient Newton solver at each step of the time-discretization. On the stochastic side, the multi-layered structure gives rise to discontinuities in the dependence of the state variables on the uncertain parameters, that need an appropriate treatment for surrogate modeling techniques, such as sparse grids, to be effective. We propose an innovative methodology to this end which relies on a change of coordinate system to align the discontinuities of the target function within the random parameter space. The reference coordinate system is built upon exploiting physical features of the problem at hand. We employ the locations of material interfaces, which display a smooth dependence on the random parameters and are therefore amenable to sparse grid polynomial approximations. We showcase the capabilities of our numerical methodologies through two synthetic test cases. In particular, we show that our methodology reproduces with high accuracy multi-modal probability density functions displayed by target state variables (e.g., porosity).
description: 25 pages, 30 figures
Sharp norm estimates for composition operators and Hilbert-type inequalities
Creators: name: Brevig, Ole Fredrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\mathscr{H}^2$ denote the Hardy space of Dirichlet series $f(s) = \sum_{n\geq1} a_n n^{-s}$ with square summable coefficients and suppose that $φ$ is a symbol generating a composition operator on $\mathscr{H}^2$ by $\mathscr{C}_φ(f) = f \circ φ$. Let $ζ$ denote the Riemann zeta function and $α_0=1.48\ldots$ the unique positive solution of the equation $αζ(1+α)=2$. We obtain sharp upper bounds for the norm of $\mathscr{C}_φ$ on $\mathscr{H}^2$ when $0
description: This paper has been accepted for publication in Bulletin of the LMS
Diophantine approximation in prescribed degree
Creators: name: Schleischitz, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J13, 11J82, 11R09

description: We investigate approximation to a given real number by algebraic numbers and algebraic integers of prescribed degree. We deal with both best and uniform approximation, and highlight the similarities and differences compared with the intensely studied problem of approximation by algebraic numbers (and integers) of bounded degree. We establish the answer to a question of Bugeaud concerning approximation to transcendental real numbers by quadratic irrational numbers, and thereby we refine a result of Davenport and Schmidt from 1967. We also obtain several new characterizations of Liouville numbers, and certain new insights on inhomogeneous Diophantine approximation. As an auxiliary side result, we provide an upper bound for the number of certain linear combinations of two given relatively prime integer polynomials with a linear factor. We conclude with several open problems.
description: 25 pages
Sketched Ridge Regression: Optimization Perspective, Statistical Perspective, and Model Averaging
Creators: name: Wang, Shusen
name: Gittens, Alex
name: Mahoney, Michael W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We address the statistical and optimization impacts of the classical sketch and Hessian sketch used to approximately solve the Matrix Ridge Regression (MRR) problem. Prior research has quantified the effects of classical sketch on the strictly simpler least squares regression (LSR) problem. We establish that classical sketch has a similar effect upon the optimization properties of MRR as it does on those of LSR: namely, it recovers nearly optimal solutions. By contrast, Hessian sketch does not have this guarantee, instead, the approximation error is governed by a subtle interplay between the "mass" in the responses and the optimal objective value. For both types of approximation, the regularization in the sketched MRR problem results in significantly different statistical properties from those of the sketched LSR problem. In particular, there is a bias-variance trade-off in sketched MRR that is not present in sketched LSR. We provide upper and lower bounds on the bias and variance of sketched MRR, these bounds show that classical sketch significantly increases the variance, while Hessian sketch significantly increases the bias. Empirically, sketched MRR solutions can have risks that are higher by an order-of-magnitude than those of the optimal MRR solutions. We establish theoretically and empirically that model averaging greatly decreases the gap between the risks of the true and sketched solutions to the MRR problem. Thus, in parallel or distributed settings, sketching combined with model averaging is a powerful technique that quickly obtains near-optimal solutions to the MRR problem while greatly mitigating the increased statistical risk incurred by sketching.
description: To appear in Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2018. A short version has appeared in International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2017
Person Perception of the Authors of Environmental Preservation Essays
Creators: name: Billet, Matthew
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: In this study we present participants with brief essays describing why people care about preserving nature. We then ask a series of questions about what kind of person the participant believes would write such an essay. We hope to gain insights into the political division in environmental preservation discourse in the United States.
High mobility dry-transferred CVD bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Schmitz, Michael
name: Engels, Stephan
name: Banszerus, Luca
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Stampfer, Christoph
name: Beschoten, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the fabrication and characterization of high-quality chemical vapor-deposited (CVD) bilayer graphene (BLG). In particular, we demonstrate that CVD-grown BLG can mechanically be detached from the copper foil by an hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) crystal after oxidation of the copper-to-BLG interface. Confocal Raman spectroscopy reveals an AB-stacking order of the BLG crystals and a high structural quality. From transport measurements on fully encapsulated hBN/BLG/hBN Hall bar devices we extract charge carrier mobilities up to 180,000 cm$^2$/(Vs) at 2 K and up to 40,000 cm$^2$/(Vs) at 300 K, outperforming state-of-the-art CVD bilayer graphene devices. Moreover, we show an on-off ration of more than 10,000 and a band gap opening with values of up to 15 meV for a displacement field of 0.2 V/nm in such CVD grown BLG.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Ultrarelativistic generalized Lorentzian thermodynamics and the differential cosmic ray energy flux
Creators: name: Treumann, R. A.
name: Baumjohann, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the ultrarelativistic generalized Lorentzian quasi-equilibrium thermodynamic energy distribution to the energy spectrum of galactic cosmic ray fluxes. The inferred power law slopes contain a component which evolves with cosmic ray energy in steps of thirds, resembling the sequence of structure functions in fully developed Kolmogorov turbulence. Within the generalized thermodynamics the chemical potential can be estimated from the deviation of the fluxes at decreasing energy. Both may throw some light on the cosmic ray acceleration mechanism to very high energies.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, prepared for a Meeting on Cosmic Rays and Power Law Tails
On Gauge Invariant Cosmological Perturbations in UV-modified Horava Gravity
Creators: name: Shin, Sunyoung
name: Park, Mu-In
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider gauge invariant cosmological perturbations in UV-modified, z=3 Horava gravity with one scalar matter field, which has been proposed as a renormalizable gravity theory without the ghost problem in four dimensions. In order to exhibit its dynamical degrees of freedom, we consider the Hamiltonian reduction method and find that, by solving "all" the constraint equations, the degrees of freedom are the same as those of Einstein gravity: One scalar and two tensor (graviton) modes when a scalar matter field presents. However, we confirm that there is no extra graviton modes and general relativity is recovered in IR, which achieves the consistency of the model. From the UV-modification terms which break the detailed balance condition in UV, we obtain scale-invariant power spectrums for "non"-inflationary backgrounds, like the power-law expansions, without knowing the details of early expansion history of Universe. This could provide a new framework for the Big Bang cosmology. Moreover, we find that "tensor and scalar fluctuations travel differently in UV, generally". We present also some clarifying remarks about confusing points in the literatures.
description: Typos corrected, References added, Minor revisions for clarification, Accepted in JCAP