cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Projecting World Food Demand: A Comparison of Alternative Demand Systems
Creators: name: Yu, Wusheng
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Preckel, Paul V.
name: Eales, James S.
name: Yu, Wusheng
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Preckel, Paul V.
name: Eales, James S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: food demand
subject: agricultural trade
subject: functional form
subject: demand system
subject: CGE modeling

description: Projections of world food demands hinge critically on the underlying functional form used to predict future demands. Simple functional forms can lead to unrealistic projections by failing to capture changes in income elasticities of demand as consumer becomes wealthier. This paper compares several demand systems in the projection of disaggregated food demand across a wide range of countries with different income levels using a global general equilibrium model. We find that the recently introduced AIDADS system represents a substantial improvement over existing demand systems currently in use in CGE modeling. In particular, our projection results show that for relatively poor regions experiencing rapid income growth, the widely used LES and CDE demand systems tend to over-predict growth in consumer demand, and hence import and output requirements for food products and under-predict that for non-food products, compared to the AIDADS system. On the other hand, for high-income regions with modest income growth, the choice of functional form is less critical.
The lively accretion disk in NGC 2992. I. Transient iron K emission lines in the high flux state
Creators: name: Marinucci, A.
name: Bianchi, S.
name: Braito, V.
name: De Marco, B.
name: Matt, G.
name: Middei, R.
name: Nardini, E.
name: Reeves, J. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on one of the brightest flux levels of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 2992 ever observed in X-rays, on May 2019. The source has been monitored every few days from March 26, 2019 to December 14, 2019 by Swift-XRT, and simultaneous XMM-Newton (250 ks) and NuSTAR (120 ks) observations were triggered on May 6, 2019. The high count rate of the source (its 2-10 keV flux ranged between 0.7 and $1.0\times10^{-10}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$) allows us to perform a time-resolved spectroscopy, probing spatial scales of tens of gravitational radii from the central black hole. By constructing a map of the excess emission over the primary continuum, we find several emission structures in the 5.0-7.2 keV energy band. From fitting the 50 EPIC pn spectral slices of $\sim$5 ks duration, we interpret them as a constant narrow iron K$α$ line and three variable components in the iron K complex. When a self-consistent model accounting for the accretion disk emission is considered (KYNrline), two of these features (in the 5.0-5.8 keV and 6.8-7.2 keV bands) can be ascribed to a flaring region of the accretion disk located at ${r_{in}}\simeq15$-40 r$_{g\rm }$ from the black hole. The third one (6.5-6.8 keV) is likely produced at much larger radii ($r_{in}>50$ r$_{g\rm }$). The inner radius and the azimuthal extension retrieved from the coadded spectra of the flaring states are ${ r_{in}}=15\pm3$ r$_{g\rm }$ and $ϕ=165^{\circ}-330^{\circ}$, suggesting that the emitting region responsible for the broad iron K component is a relatively compact annular sector within the disk. Our findings support a physical scenario in which the accretion disk in NGC 2992 becomes more active at high accretion rates ($L_{\rm bol}/L_{\rm Edd}\geq4\%$).
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Quantum transport in flat bands and super-metallicity
Creators: name: Bouzerar, G.
name: Mayou, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum physics in flat-band (FB) systems embodies a variety of exotic phenomenon and even counter intuitive features. The quantum transport in several graphene based compounds that exhibit a flat band and a tunable gap is investigated. Despite the localized nature of the FB states and a zero group velocity, a super-metallic (SM) phase at the FB energy is revealed. The SM phase is robust against the inelastic scattering strength and controlled only by the inter-band transitions between the FB and the dispersive bands. The SM phase appears insensitive and quasi independent of the gap amplitude and nature of the lattice (disordered or nano-patterned). The universal nature of the unconventional FB transport is illustrated with the case of electrons in the Lieb lattice.
Rewriting Conversational Utterances with Instructed Large Language Models
Creators: name: Galimzhanova, Elnara
name: Muntean, Cristina Ioana
name: Nardini, Franco Maria
name: Perego, Raffaele
name: Rocchietti, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many recent studies have shown the ability of large language models (LLMs) to achieve state-of-the-art performance on many NLP tasks, such as question answering, text summarization, coding, and translation. In some cases, the results provided by LLMs are on par with those of human experts. These models' most disruptive innovation is their ability to perform tasks via zero-shot or few-shot prompting. This capability has been successfully exploited to train instructed LLMs, where reinforcement learning with human feedback is used to guide the model to follow the user's requests directly. In this paper, we investigate the ability of instructed LLMs to improve conversational search effectiveness by rewriting user questions in a conversational setting. We study which prompts provide the most informative rewritten utterances that lead to the best retrieval performance. Reproducible experiments are conducted on publicly-available TREC CAST datasets. The results show that rewriting conversational utterances with instructed LLMs achieves significant improvements of up to 25.2% in MRR, 31.7% in Precision@1, 27% in NDCG@3, and 11.5% in Recall@500 over state-of-the-art techniques.
Development of a Partial Equilibrium Model of the EU Agriculture using Positivistic Mathematical Programming
Creators: name: Yates, C.M.
name: Rehman, Tahir
name: Yates, C.M.
name: Rehman, Tahir
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Mathematical programming
subject: Positivistic mathematical programming
subject: partial equilibrium
subject: international trade
subject: policy analysis

description: In order to respond to the current pressures on agriculture in the EU, the industry will have to go through fundamental structural change. Economic modelling provides the framework for understanding such changes. Mathematical programming is probably the most robust of all the modelling approaches notwithstanding several criticisms of the technique. Economists have long understood that profit maximisation is not the only objective of farmers. Although there are techniques to incorporate other objectives there does not exist a statistically rigorous method for estimating an appropriate objective functions. This problem also occurs at national and international levels of aggregation. This paper presents a new approach to modelling national and international production and trade through partial equilibrium and the use of a new development called positivistic mathematical programming. The nonlinear element of the objective function representing the partial equilibrium is estimated using past observations on supply, consumption and prices. Further, the paper also presents an original parameterisation of the demand curve that allows perfect competition to be simulated within the framework of a single mathematical model. Such a methodology is an advancement over methods that are currently in use.
The Cost of Food Self-Sufficiency and Agricultural Protection in South Korea
Creators: name: Beghin, John C.
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Park, Sung Joon
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Park, Sung Joon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: agricultural distortions
subject: food security
subject: Korea
subject: protection
subject: targeting
subject: WTO negotiations

description: As part of its food security policy, South Korea has been pursuing food self-sufficiency using high tariffs and high administrative prices in key agricultural and food markets. Using a dual approach to trade and trade restrictiveness indices, we analyze the impact of these market distortions on welfare and trade volume. Then, we compute optimum distortions, which minimize the welfare cost of observed self-sufficiency and production objectives. We rationalize these optimum distortions to what could be claimed as legitimate protection under a "food security" (FS) box in World Trade Organization negotiations. FS-box protection is sensitive to changes in the definition and the extent of the FS objectives. We show that FS via production targets and reliance on imports would be more palatable to consumers and trade partners, while preserving rents to the farm sector.
Additional file 3 of Prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions and associated factors among outpatients and inpatients in Ethiopian hospitals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Creators: name: Ayenew, Wondim
name: Getahun Asmamaw
name: Arebu Issa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3: Table 3. Quality of included studies.
Analysis and performance evaluation of an efficient protocol for the CDPD forward channel
Creators: name: Zhang, Xu (Jake)
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate the performance of the Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) forward channel at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and propose an efficient protocol to improve the MAC layer throughput. First we study the MAC layer by several performance measures, such as the Block Error Rate (BLER), Packet Error Rate (PER), and the throughput. According to our studies on the forward channel MAC layer structure, we analyze the relationship among the three performance measures, and between them and the channel Bit Error Rate (BER), in the presence of the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. For comparison purposes, computer simulations have also been conducted with the AWGN channel, and land-mobile Rayleigh fading channel, with the employment of both a coherent and a 1-bit differential GMSK receiver. As a result of this study, a source of performance inefficiency, namely, the Correct but Unusable Data (CUD), is identified. We argue that the MAC layer throughput is affected not only by the error performance of the physical layer, but also by the MAC layer block segmentation, which is the main cause of the CUD. The percentage of CUD peaks to about 45% regardless the channel conditions. In order to eliminate this inefficiency we propose a MAC - ARQ protocol which performs ARQ operation at the MAC layer. Verified by computer simulations, this protocol effectively improves the throughput at certain channel conditions, while slightly degrades the performance at other conditions. Finally, in order to maintain maximum throughput over all channel conditions, we propose an adaptive scheme which automatically switches back and forth between the conventional ARQ protocol and the MAC - ARQ protocol according to the channel conditions.
Additional file 1 of Higher fasting triglyceride predicts higher risks of diabetes mortality in US adults
Creators: name: Wang, Yutang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supporting information. Tables S1-S8.
Hot X-ray Onsets of Solar Flares
Creators: name: Hudson, Hugh S.
name: Simoes, Paulo J. A.
name: Fletcher, Lyndsay
name: Hayes, Laura A.
name: Hannah, Iain G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of the localized plasma conditions before the impulsive phase of a solar flare can help us understand the physical processes that occur leading up to the main flare energy release. Here, we present evidence of a hot X-ray onset interval of enhanced isothermal plasma temperatures in the range of 10-15~MK up to tens of seconds prior to the flare's impulsive phase. This `hot onset' interval occurs during the initial soft X-ray increase and prior to the detectable hard X-ray emission. The isothermal temperatures, estimated by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) X-ray sensor, and confirmed with data from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), show no signs of gradual increase, and the `hot onset' phenomenon occurs regardless of flare classification or configuration. In a small sample of four representative flare events we identify this early hot onset soft X-ray emission mainly within footpoint and low-lying loops, rather than with coronal structures, based on images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA). We confirm this via limb occultation of a flaring region. These hot X-ray onsets appear before there is evidence of collisional heating by non-thermal electrons, and hence they challenge the standard flare heating modeling techniques.
description: Submitted to MNRAS 6 July 2020
Subsistence Agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: Determinants and Perspectives
Creators: name: Abele, Steffen
name: Voigt, Peter
name: Weingarten, Peter
name: Abele, Steffen
name: Voigt, Peter
name: Weingarten, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Subsistence agriculture
subject: transition
subject: Central and Eastern Europe

description: Subsistence agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has only recently gained interest from agricultural economists. Their origin, their future and even their definition is still not well elaborated. This paper tries to throw light on the issue of subsistence farming in CEE. It first discusses the theoretical and empirical background of subsistence agriculture. This part is followed by a typology of subsistence farming as found in CEE. Analysis considers several hypotheses on the cause of subsistence agriculture, among them the structure of land ownership, market imperfections and lack of alternative income sources or low opportunity costs of labour respectively. Of all these hypotheses, only the latter can be proofed empirically, which is done by a nonlinear regression analysis. The paper concludes that this gives reason to argue that rather economic problems than specific problems related to the agricultural structure in CEE determine the degree of subsistence farming. Consequently, structural and social policies rather than agricultural policies like market intervention are to be considered.
Hedging Price Risk in the Presence of Crop Yield and Revenue Insurance
Creators: name: Mahul, Olivier
name: Mahul, Olivier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: crop insurance
subject: hedging
subject: producer welfare
subject: simulation

description: The demand for hedging against price uncertainty in the presence of crop yield and revenue insurance contracts is examined for two French wheat farms. The rationale for the use of options in addition to futures is first highlighted through the characterization of the first-best hedging strategy in the expected utility framework. It is then illustrated using numerical simulations. The presence of options is shown to allow the insured producer to adopt a more speculative position on the futures market. Futures are shown to be performing, in terms of willingness to receive. Options are weakly performing when futures markets are unbiased, while they are more performing when futures markets are biased.
Experimental Realization of Self-Contained Quantum Refrigeration
Creators: name: Huang, Keyi
name: Xi, Cheng
name: Long, Xinyue
name: Liu, Hongfeng
name: Fan, Yu-ang
name: Wang, Xiangyu
name: Zheng, Yuxuan
name: Feng, Yufang
name: Nie, Xinfang
name: Lu, Dawei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fundamental challenge in quantum thermodynamics is the exploration of inherent dimensional constraints in thermodynamic machines. In the context of two-level systems, the most compact refrigerator necessitates the involvement of three entities, operating under self-contained conditions that preclude the use of external work sources. Here, we build such a smallest refrigerator using a nuclear spin system, where three distinct two-level carbon-13 nuclei in the same molecule are involved to facilitate the refrigeration process. The self-contained feature enables it to operate without relying on net external work, and the unique mechanism sets this refrigerator apart from its classical counterparts. We evaluate its performance under varying conditions and systematically scrutinize the cooling constraints across a spectrum of scenarios, which sheds light on the interplay between quantum information and thermodynamics.
description: 6 pages + appendices
Comparison of Approaches to Quantum Correction of Black Hole Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Nozari, Kourosh
name: Sefiedgar, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are several approaches to quantum gravitational corrections of black hole thermodynamics. String theory and loop quantum gravity, by direct analysis on the basis of quantum properties of black holes, show that in the entropy-area relation the leading order correction should be of log-area type. On the other hand, generalized uncertainty principle(GUP) and modified dispersion relations(MDRs) provide perturbational framework for such modifications. Although both GUP and MDRs are common features of all quantum gravity scenarios, their functional forms are quantum gravity model dependent. Since both string theory and loop quantum gravity give more reliable solution of the black hole thermodynamics, one can use their results to test approximate results of GUP and MDRs. In this paper, we find quantum corrected black hole thermodynamics in the framework of GUP and MDR and then we compare our results with string theory solutions. This comparison suggests severe constraints on the functional form of GUP and MDRs. These constraints may reflect characteristic features of ultimate quantum gravity theory.
description: 10 Pages, No Figures
Additional file 1 of Impact of comorbid polycystic ovarian syndrome and gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Manoharan, Varun
name: Wong, Vincent W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary file 1. Figure 1 A snapshot of the online antenatal booking sheet. A standardised, self-report questionnaire completed by all women during their first antenatal visit, which includes demographic information, medical history, obstetric history and psychosocial history. The medical history included a question about previous diagnoses of PCOS.
Theory of Contracts and Agri-Environment Policies: A Budget Restriction Alters Standard Results of Mechanisms Design Theory
Creators: name: Christensen, Jan
name: Christensen, Jan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Agri-environmental schemes
subject: Mechanisms design
subject: Information Economics

description: Agri-environmental schemes are offered by a regulator to farmers. The farmer is to produce certain environmental goods and gets a pecuniary compensation for doing so. The problem of designing optimal schemes is dealt with using mechanisms design theory. This paper considers the situation where the regulator faces a budget constraint on total payments to farmers. It is shown, that 2 results of standard mechanisms design theory are affected when a budget restriction on total payments is present. 1) The "no distortion at the top rule" does not always hold. 2) It is not always optimal to offer heterogeneous farmers heterogeneous argi-environmental schemes.
WTO Negotiations on Market Access in Agriculture: A Comparison of Alternative Tariff Cut Scenarios for the EU and the US
Creators: name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Salvatici, Luca
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Salvatici, Luca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: international agricultural trade
subject: agricultural price
subject: income
subject: policy analysis

description: This paper provides a summary measure of the possible new commitments in the area of market access undertaken by the European Union and the United States, using the Trade Restrictiveness Index (TRI) as the tariff aggregator. Indicators such as the TRI, based on welfare theory, integrate economic behavioural assumptions within a balance of trade framework. We take the 2000 bound tariffs as the starting point and attempt to assess how much liberalisation in agriculture could be achieved in the European Union and the United States as a result of the present negotiations. We compute the index for agricultural commodity aggregates assuming a specific (Constant Elasticity of Substitution) functional form for import demand. The present levels of the TRI under the actual commitments of the Uruguay Round are computed and compared with three hypothetical cases: a repetition of the same set of commitments of the Uruguay Round, a uniform 36 percent reduction of each tariff, an harmonization formula based on the "sliding scale" scheme. This makes it possible to infer how reducing tariff dispersion would help improve market access in future trade agreements.
Voltage rectification in two dimensional Josephson junction arrays
Creators: name: Marconi, Veronica I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the directed motion of vortices (antivortices) under an applied ac bias in two-dimensional Josephson junction arrays (JJA) with an asymmetrically modulated periodic vortex pinning potential. We find that the ratchet effect in large 2D JJA can be obtained using the RSJ model for the overdamped vortex dynamics. The rectification effect shows a strong dependence on vortex density as well as an inversion of the vortex flow direction with the ac amplitude, for a wide range of high magnetic field around f=1/2 (f being the vortex density). Our results are in good agreement with very recent experiments by D.E. Shalom and H. Pastoriza [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 177001, (2005)].
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings Vortex IV Conference, September 3-9, 2005, Crete, Greece. To appear in Physica C
title: Strategic Planning for the Ann Arbor Public Schools Freeman Environmental Education Center
Creators: name: Damon, Bridget
name: Connelly, Katelyn
name: Lipari, Vincent
name: Johnson, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of Michigan
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Conservation and Restoration
subject: Environmental Education
subject: Place-Based Education
subject: Land Stewardship
subject: Natural Resources and Environment
subject: Science

description: The Freeman Environmental Education Center is a 40-acre site including indoor classrooms and activity spaces surrounded by diverse forest, and grassland ecosystems. Owned by Ann Arbor Public Schools (AAPS) and located in Superior Township, on the northeast side of Ann Arbor, it has housed the AAPS Environmental Education (EE) Program office since 2018 and serves as a hub for field trips, professional development, and other educational activities. Program staff have initiated several innovative approaches, integrating sustainability concepts with traditional environmental education through hands-on research and restoration projects. These efforts include: - involving students in ecological restoration through service learning - exploring prairie restoration techniques - propagating plants for native plantings - Applying compost to the lawn to study carbon sequestration Freeman currently fosters ecological literacy, environmental stewardship, and sustainability-focused learning, aligning with AAPS district-wide goals delineated in the Environmental Sustainability Framework, Strategic Equity Plan, and Board Policy 8000. The site's diverse ecosystems offer rich opportunities for environmental leaning and restoration, and partnerships with the University of Michigan and local organizations have helped expand these efforts.
Stabilization of antiferromagnetism in 1T-Fe$_{0.05}$TaS$_2$
Creators: name: Niu, Q.
name: Zhang, W.
name: Chan, Y. T.
name: O'Farrell, E. C. T.
name: Doganov, R.
name: Yip, K. Y.
name: Lai, Kwing To
name: Yu, W. C.
name: Ozyilmaz, B.
name: Stewart, G. R.
name: Kim, J. S.
name: Goh, Swee K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 1T-TaS$_2$ is a prototypical charge-density-wave (CDW) system with a Mott insulating ground state. Usually, a Mott insulator is accompanied by an antiferromagnetic state. However, the antiferromagnetic order had never been observed in 1T-TaS$_2$. Here, we report the stabilization of the antiferromagnetic order by the intercalation of a small amount of Fe into the van der Waals gap of 1T-TaS$_2$, i.e. forming 1T-Fe$_{0.05}$TaS$_2$. Upon cooling from 300~K, the electrical resistivity increases with a decreasing temperature before reaching a maximum value at around 15~K, which is close to the Neel temperature determined from our magnetic susceptibility measurement. The antiferromagnetic state can be fully suppressed when the sample thickness is reduced, indicating that the antiferromagnetic order in Fe$_{0.05}$TaS$_2$ has a non-negligible three-dimensional character. For the bulk Fe$_{0.05}$TaS$_2$, a comparison of our high pressure electrical transport data with that of 1T-TaS$_2$ indicates that, at ambient pressure, Fe$_{0.05}$TaS$_2$ is in the nearly commensurate charge-density-wave (NCCDW) phase near the border of the Mott insulating state. The temperature-pressure phase diagram thus reveals an interesting decoupling of the antiferromagnetism from the Mott insulating state.
description: Q. Niu and W. Zhang contributed equally to this work. 7 pages, 5 figures
The Influence of Asset and Access Poverty on Crop Production and Land Degradation in Uganda
Creators: name: Nkonya, Ephraim M.
name: Pender, John L.
name: Kaizzi, Crammer
name: Nkonya, Ephraim M.
name: Pender, John L.
name: Kaizzi, Crammer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Land Economics/Use

description: This study investigated the linkages between poverty, agricultural productivity and land degradation in Uganda. Results show that farmers in the study region of Uganda deplete about 1.2% of the nutrient stock stored in the topsoil per year, leading to a predicted 0.2% annual reduction in crop productivity. Replacing the depleted nutrients using the cheapest inorganic fertilizers would cost about 20% of farm income on average. Land investments such as soil and water conservation structures and agroforestry trees were found to increase agricultural productivity and reduce land degradation. We observed an inverse farm size - crop productivity relationship. Larger families are more productive but use more erosive practices in crop production. Participation in agricultural extension, especially the new National Agricultural Advisory Services program, and access to credit and markets are associated with increased productivity but have insignificant impacts on land degradation. Education is associated with greater productivity, but also with more soil nutrient depletion. Access to roads is associated with less soil nutrient depletion. We find no significant differences in crop productivity associated with differences in land tenure systems, though land degradation is greater on mailo than freehold land. Our results show that promotion of agricultural modernization through technical assistance and credit programs, investments in infrastructure and education can improve agricultural productivity. However, they also show that many of these investments do not necessarily reduce land degradation, and some may contribute to it. Thus, investing in agricultural modernization should be complemented by greater efforts to address land degradation.
Additional file 1 of Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Tricco, Andrea C.
name: Thomas, Sonia M.
name: Lillie, Erin
name: Veroniki, Areti Angeliki
name: Hamid, Jemila S.
name: Pham, Ba’
name: Lee, Taehoon
name: Agarwal, Arnav
name: Sharpe, Jane P.
name: Scott, Alistair
name: Warren, Rachel
name: Brahmbhatt, Ronak
name: Macdonald, Erin
name: Janoudi, Ghayath
name: Muni, Rajeev H.
name: Francisconi, Carolina L. M.
name: Richter, Trevor
name: Straus, Sharon E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Online Content. The appendix include all supplemental data and information. eAppendix 1. Systematic Review Protocol as Registered in PROSPERO (CRD42015022041). eAppendix 2. PRISMA NMA Checklist of Items to Include When Reporting a Systematic Review Involving a Network Meta-analysis. eAppendix 3. Outcome Definitions. eAppendix 4. MEDLINE/EMBASE Literature Search Strategy. eTable 1. Recommended Dosage of Anti-VEGF Agents for Treatment of Wet AMD. eTable 2. Study Characteristics. eTable 3. Patient Characteristics. eFigure 1. Aggregate Risk of Bias Figure. eTable 4. Cochrane Risk of Bias Results for Individual Studies. eTable 5. Transitivity Assessment for all NMA Outcomes. eTable 6. All Network Meta-Analyses Results. eFigure 2. Comparison-adjusted Funnel Plots. Vision Gain. Vision Loss. Mean Change in Best-corrected Visual Acuity. Mortality. Arterial Thromboembolic Events. Adverse Events. eTable 7. All Pairwise Meta-Analysis Results. eTable 8. Sensitivity Network Meta-Analysis results. Outcome: VISION GAIN, Outcome: VISION LOSS, eTable 9. Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA) Values for the Overall NMA and Subgroup Analyses for Vision Gain and Vision Loss. eTable 10. Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA) Results for all Other Outcomes. eTable 11. Dose effects network meta-analysis (NMA) results. eTable 12. Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) assessment for the outcome of vision gain. eTable 13. Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) assessment for the outcome of vision loss. eFigure 3. Rank Heat Plot. eTable 14. Comparison to Previous Systematic Reviews.
Consistency-based fault isolation for hybrid dynamic models
Creators: name: Jones, Colin Neil
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Rapid detection and isolation of faults in modern systems improves safety, performance and reduces operational costs drastically. To date, expert-systems have been the method of choice, but the field of model-based diagnosis (MBD) has emerged which offers many benefits. A model of the correct structure and behavior of the device allows the diagnostic program to detect unexpected failures, or faults which have never before been seen. The heart of model-based diagnosis is the model, which has traditionally taken the form of a qualitative logic program. These languages are not familiar to most developers who are used to quantitative dynamic, or hybrid dynamic models. This thesis presents a novel method of consistency-based diagnosis (one form of MBD), which allows the use of any model type for which an appropriate calculation engine can be written. This new technique computes the same result as any other method built upon consistency-based diagnosis given perfect knowledge, but degrades gracefully in the presence of uncertainty, which can be caused by noise or modelling errors. As a proof of concept, a quantitative hybrid dynamic model was created for the fluid power circuit of a single-degree of freedom hydraulic test bench and a calculation engine based upon hcc (hybrid concurrent constraint programming) was developed. The model and engine were used to diagnose various failures on the physical test bench with approximately 85% accuracy. The ability to use any model type, and specifically, quantitative hybrid dynamic models, represents an important contribution to the field of model-base diagnosis.
Self-Consistent Determination of Single-Impurity Anderson Model Using Hybrid Quantum-Classical Approach on a Spin Quantum Simulator
Creators: name: Nie, Xinfang
name: Zhu, Xuanran
name: Fan, Yu-ang
name: Long, Xinyue
name: Liu, Hongfeng
name: Huang, Keyi
name: Xi, Cheng
name: Che, Liangyu
name: Zheng, Yuxuan
name: Feng, Yufang
name: Yang, Xiaodong
name: Lu, Dawei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accurate determination of the electronic structure of strongly correlated materials using first principle methods is of paramount importance in condensed matter physics, computational chemistry, and material science. However, due to the exponential scaling of computational resources, incorporating such materials into classical computation frameworks becomes prohibitively expensive. In 2016, Bauer et al. proposed a hybrid quantum-classical approach to correlated materials Phys. Rev. X 6, 031045 (2016)}] that can efficiently tackle the electronic structure of complex correlated materials. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that approach to tackle the computational challenges associated with strongly correlated materials. By seamlessly integrating quantum computation into classical computers, we address the most computationally demanding aspect of the calculation, namely the computation of the Green's function, using a spin quantum processor. Furthermore, we realize a self-consistent determination of the single impurity Anderson model through a feedback loop between quantum and classical computations. A quantum phase transition in the Hubbard model from the metallic phase to the Mott insulator is observed as the strength of electron correlation increases. As the number of qubits with high control fidelity continues to grow, our experimental findings pave the way for solving even more complex models, such as strongly correlated crystalline materials or intricate molecules.
description: 6 pages + appendices
On Distributed Listing of Cliques
Creators: name: Censor-Hillel, Keren
name: Gall, François Le
name: Leitersdorf, Dean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show an $\tilde{O}(n^{p/(p+2)})$-round algorithm in the \congest model for \emph{listing} of $K_p$ (a clique with $p$ nodes), for all $p =4, p\geq 6$. For $p = 5$, we show an $\tilde{O}(n^{3/4})$-round algorithm. For $p=4$ and $p=5$, our results improve upon the previous state-of-the-art of $O(n^{5/6+o(1)})$ and $O(n^{21/22+o(1)})$, respectively, by Eden et al. [DISC 2019]. For all $p\geq 6$, ours is the first sub-linear round algorithm for $K_p$ listing. We leverage the recent expander decomposition algorithm of Chang et al. [SODA 2019] to create clusters with a good mixing time. Three key novelties in our algorithm are: (1) we carefully iterate our listing process with coupled values of min-degree within the clusters and arboricity outside the clusters, (2) all the listing is done within the cluster, which necessitates new techniques for bringing into the cluster the information about \emph{all} edges that can potentially form $K_p$ instances with the cluster edges, and (3) within each cluster we use a sparsity-aware listing algorithm, which is faster than a general listing algorithm and which we can allow the cluster to use since we make sure to sparsify the graph as the iterations proceed. As a byproduct of our algorithm, we show an \emph{optimal} sparsity-aware algorithm for $K_p$ listing, which runs in $\tildeΘ(1 + m/n^{1 + 2/p})$ rounds in the \clique model. Previously, Pandurangan et al. [SPAA 2018], Chang et al. [SODA 2019], and Censor-Hillel et al. [TCS 2020] showed sparsity-aware algorithms for the case of $p = 3$, yet ours is the first such sparsity aware algorithm for $p \geq 4$.
description: To appear in PODC 2020
Non-commutative ADE geometries as holomorphic wave equations
Creators: name: Belhaj, Adil
name: Rasmussen, Jorgen
name: Saidi, El Hassan
name: Sebbar, Abdellah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Borrowing ideas from the relation between classical and quantum mechanics, we study a non-commutative elevation of the ADE geometries involved in building Calabi-Yau manifolds. We derive the corresponding geometric hamiltonians and the holomorphic wave equations representing these non-commutative geometries. The spectrum of the holomorphic waves is interpreted as the quantum moduli space. Quantum A_1 geometry is analyzed in some details and is found to be linked to the Whittaker differential equation.
description: 17 pages, v2: version to be published
The corona of GJ 1151 in the context of star-planet interaction
Creators: name: Foster, G.
name: Poppenhaeger, K.
name: Alvarado-Gómez, J. D.
name: Schmitt, J. H. M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-mass star GJ 1151 has been reported to display variable low-frequency radio emission, which has been interpreted as a signpost of coronal star-planet interactions with an unseen exoplanet. Here we report the first X-ray detection of GJ 1151's corona based on XMM-Newton data. We find that the star displays a small flare during the X-ray observation. Averaged over the observation, we detect the star with a low coronal temperature of 1.6~MK and an X-ray luminosity of $L_X = 5.5\times 10^{26}$\,erg/s. During the quiescent time periods excluding the flare, the star remains undetected with an upper limit of $L_{X,\,qui} \leq 3.7\times 10^{26}$\,erg/s. This is compatible with the coronal assumptions used in a recently published model for a star-planet interaction origin of the observed radio signals from this star.
Measuring Male-Female Productivity Differentials in Ethiopian Agriculture: Policy Implications for Improving the Livelihood of Female Farmers
Creators: name: Ehui, Simeon K.
name: Yadeta, Kenea
name: Paulos, Zelekawork
name: Teklewold, Hailemariam
name: Ehui, Simeon K.
name: Yadeta, Kenea
name: Paulos, Zelekawork
name: Teklewold, Hailemariam
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Agricultural efficiency
subject: total factor productivity
subject: gender
subject: Ethiopian agriculture

description: An understanding of the efficiency with which women farmers are operating, particularly where they account for the largest share of the labor force required for agricultural production, is essential for designing appropriate policies to improve the overall performance of agriculture as well as the livelihood of women farmers. This paper contributes to the gender productivity debate by drawing on crop production data collected in three districts (Ada, Akaki and Gimbichu) in East Shoa, Ethiopia during the 1999/2000 cropping season through detailed multi-visit surveys of 80 farm households of which 39 were female-headed households. Using the Tornqvist-Theil index, Total factor productivity (TFP) is measured to analyze crop production efficiency differentials between male and female headed households. The analysis demonstrates that there is little evidence that male-female differences per se account f or productivity differentials in crop production. The results imply that the variation in overall TFP can only arise due to differentials in access to the quality of human and physical resources and services, and differential control of the benefits from output by women versus men. Hence, appropriate institutional frameworks that reduce cultural and social barriers associated with women farmers' access to such resources and benefits should be developed. Policies targeted towards increasing female farmers' access to education, extension services, credit, adequate amount of quality land and other resources including control over the benefits, will improve the overall productivity and livelihood of female farmers.
Additional file 1 of Gene cascade analysis in human granulosa tumor cells (KGN) following exposure to high levels of free fatty acids and insulin
Creators: name: Tremblay, Patricia G.
name: Fortin, Chloé
name: Sirard, Marc-André
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table S1. List of the first 100 upregulated DEGs in High fat + insulin (HFIns) treatment. Supplemental Table S2. List of the first 100 downregulated DEGs in High fat + insulin (HFIns) treatment. Supplemental Table S3. List of the first 100 upregulated DEGs in High fat (HF) treatment. Supplemental Table S4. List of the first 100 downregulated DEGs in High fat (HF) treatment. Supplemental Table S5. List of the first 100 upregulated DEGs in Insulin (INS) treatment. Supplemental Table S6. List of the first 100 downregulated DEGs in Insulin (INS) treatment. Supplemental Table S7. Complete list of significant (p-value ≤ 0,05) enriched canonical pathways of the differentially expressed genes using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software for insulin (INS) treatment. Supplemental Table S8. Complete list of significant (p-value ≤ 0,05) enriched canonical pathways of the differentially expressed genes using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software for high fat (HF) treatment. Supplemental Table S9. Complete list of significant (p-value ≤ 0,05) enriched canonical pathways of the differentially expressed genes using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software for high fat + insulin (HFIns) treatment. Supplemental Table S10. List of most significant upstream regulators in Insulin (INS) treatment (p-value of overlap ≤ 0,05). Supplemental Table S11. List of most significant upstream regulators in High fat (HF) treatment (p-value of overlap ≤ 0,05). Supplemental Table S12. List of most significant upstream regulators in High fat + insulin (HFIns) treatment (p-value of overlap ≤ 0,05).
Nanoengineered Curie Temperature in Laterally-Patterned Ferromagnetic Semiconductor Heterostructures
Creators: name: Eid, K. F.
name: Sheu, B. L.
name: Maksimov, O.
name: Stone, M. B.
name: Schiffer, P.
name: Samarth, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the manipulation of the Curie temperature of buried layers of the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As using nanolithography to enhance the effect of annealing. Patterning the GaAs-capped ferromagnetic layers into nanowires exposes free surfaces at the sidewalls of the patterned (Ga,Mn)As layers and thus allows the removal of Mn interstitials using annealing. This leads to an enhanced Curie temperature and reduced resistivity compared to unpatterned samples. For a fixed annealing time, the enhancement of the Curie temperature is larger for narrower nanowires.
description: Submitted to Applied Physics Letters (minor corrections)
On units of group algebras of 2-groups of maximal class
Creators: name: Balogh, Zs.
name: Bovdi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16A46, 16A26, 20C05, 19A22

description: We determine the number of elements of order two in the group of normalized units V(F_2G) of the group algebra F_2G of a 2-group of maximal class over the field F_2 of two elements. As a consequence for the 2-groups G and H of maximal class we have that V(F_2G) and V(F_2H) are isomorphic if and only if G and H are isomorphic.
Economics of Management Zone Delineation in Cotton Precision Agriculture
Creators: name: Velandia, Margarita M.
name: Rejesus, Roderick M.
name: Segarra, Eduardo
name: Bronson, Kevin
name: Velandia, Margarita M.
name: Rejesus, Roderick M.
name: Segarra, Eduardo
name: Bronson, Kevin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Management Zones
subject: Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis
subject: Site-Specific Nitrogen Management
subject: Cotton Precision Agriculture

description: This paper develops a management zone delineation procedure based on a spatial clustering approach and evaluates its economic impact for the case of Texas cotton production. The results show that there is potential economic value in using a spatial approach to management zone delineation, but its value critically depends on the cost of collecting soil test information needed to delineate those zones.
The properties of Vlasov-Maxwell-Einstein equations and its applications to cosmological models
Creators: name: Vedenyapin, Victor
name: Fimin, Nikolay
name: Chechetkin, Valery
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of obtaining of Vlasov-type equations for systems of interacting massive charged particles from the general relativistic Einstein-Hilbert action is considered. An effective approach to synchronizing the proper times of various particles of a many-particle system is proposed. Based on the resulting expressions for the relativistic actions, an analysis of composite structure of cosmological term in Einstein's equations is performed.