cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Let's build a model: how students incorporate evidence and mechanisms in models during small group discussion
Creators: name: Hung, Chi-Chun
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Building a model to explain a scientific phenomenon is a central activity in an inquiry environment. This study investigated three aspects of model-based inquiry and developed coding frameworks to conduct quantitative and qualitative analyses. The first set of research questions examined learners’ capability of coordinating models with evidence. The second set of research questions scrutinized learners’ competence in incorporating mechanisms into models. The third set of research questions explored the dynamics of small group discussions and types of prompts that mediated varied modeling performances. A total of 80 pre-instruction models about cellular respiration were collected from 167 seventh graders from two schools to inform the first and the second sets of research questions. Discussion logs of four small groups and the conversations between groups and two teachers were analyzed to address the third set of research questions. The learners demonstrated proficiency in making their models consistent with an array of relevant evidence and eliminating irrelevant evidence, although a variety of prior knowledge was also present in a large portion of models. Mechanisms were incorporated into a majority of the models, and four types of them were identified. The design of the coding scheme made it possible to discover that most learners were able to indicate sequence in the mechanism, and it was less challenging for them to present entities in models than to incorporate entities into a mechanistic system. Higher performance was found to relate to factors identified by the third set of analytical instruments. Discourse processes such as contemplating multiple evidence all at once and stipulating a mechanistic explanation were more helpful than having an interactive discussion without their application. Moreover, higher performance might benefit from specific prompts than generic prompts offered by the teachers during their conversations with small groups. The triangulated results drawn from three aspects bring a comprehensive understanding of learners’ modeling accomplishment and how it can be influenced by certain discourse processes. The findings add to a growing body of knowledge about model-based inquiry and provide implications for small group discussions and instructional interventions in science education.
Parameters of the Menzerath-Altmann law: Statistical mechanical interpretation as applied to a linguistic organization
Creators: name: Eroglu, Sertac
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution behavior dictated by the Menzerath-Altmann (MA) law is frequently encountered in linguistic and natural organizations at various structural levels. The mathematical form of this empirical law comprises three fitting parameters whose values tend to be elusive, especially in inter-organizational studies. To allow interpretation of these parameters and better understand such distribution behavior, we present a statistical mechanical approach based on an analogy between the classical particles of a statistical mechanical organization and the number of distinct words in a textual organization. With this derivation, we achieve a transformed (generalized) form of the MA model, termed the statistical mechanical Menzerath-Altmann (SMMA) model. This novel transformed model consists of four parameters, one of which is a structure-dependent input parameter, and three of which are free-fitting parameters. Using distinct word data sets from two text corpora, we verified that the SMMA model describes the same distribution as the MA model. We propose that the additional structure-dependent parameter of the SMMA model converts the three fitting parameters into structure-independent parameters. Moreover, the parameters of the SMMA model are associated with a corresponding physical interpretation that can lead to characterization of an organization' s thermodynamic properties. We also propose that many organizations presenting MA law behavior, whether linguistic or not, can be examined by the SMMA distribution model through the properly defined structural degeneracy parameter and the energy associated states.
description: 28 pages, 2 figures : Submitted to PHYSICA A
Bombilactobacillus mellifer Zheng & Wittouck & Salvetti & Franz & Harris & Mattarelli & O'Toole & Pot & Vandamme & Walter & Watanabe & Wuyts & Felis & Gänzle & Lebeer 2020, COMB. NOV.
Creators: name: Zheng, Jinshui
name: Wittouck, Stijn
name: Salvetti, Elisa
name: Franz, Charles M. A. P.
name: Harris, Hugh M. B.
name: Mattarelli, Paola
name: O'Toole, Paul W.
name: Pot, Bruno
name: Vandamme, Peter
name: Walter, Jens
name: Watanabe, Koichi
name: Wuyts, Sander
name: Felis, Giovanna E.
name: Gänzle, Michael G.
name: Lebeer, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Bacteria
Firmicutes
Bacilli
Lactobacillales
Lactobacillaceae
Bombilactobacillus
Bombilactobacillus mellifer

description: DESCRIPTIONOF BOMBILACTOBACILLUS MELLIFER COMB. NOV.
Bombilactobacillus mellifer (mel’li.fer. L. masc. adj. mellifer, honey-producing, referring to the origin from the stomach and digestive tract of honey bees Apis mellifera).
Basonym: Lactobacillus mellifer Olofsson et al. 2014, 3113 VP
Description provided by [89]. B. mellifer grows over a wide temperature range (15–50 °C) and pH values (pH 3–12) but ferments only few hexoses, sucrose and raffinose [89]. The genome size is 1.82 Mbp. The mol% G+C content of DNA is 39.5.
Isolated from isolated from the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera.
Thetypestrainis Bin4NT=DSM 26254 T =CCUG 63291 T.
Genome sequence accession number: JXJQ00000000.
16 rRNA gene sequence accession number: JX099543.
description: Published as part of Zheng, Jinshui, Wittouck, Stijn, Salvetti, Elisa, Franz, Charles M. A. P., Harris, Hugh M. B., Mattarelli, Paola, O'Toole, Paul W., Pot, Bruno, Vandamme, Peter, Walter, Jens, Watanabe, Koichi, Wuyts, Sander, Felis, Giovanna E., Gänzle, Michael G. & Lebeer, Sarah, 2020, A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae, pp. 2782-2858 in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 on page 2802, DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107, http://zenodo.org/record/4730536
Microtus duodecimcostatus
Creators: name: Musser, Guy G.
name: Carleton, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Microtus
Microtus duodecimcostatus

description: Microtus duodecimcostatus (de Selys-Longchamps, 1839). Rev. Zool. Paris, p. 8. TYPE LOCALITY: France, Gard, Montpellier. DISTRIBUTION: SE France, E and S Spain, and Portugal. SYNONYMS: centralis, flavescens, fuscus, ibericus, pascuus, provincialis, regulus. COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, duodecimcostatus species group sensu Chaline et al. (1988). Craniometric analyses contrasting this species with A4, gerbei and A4, lusitanicus documented by Spitz (1978). Taxonomy and biology reviewed by Niethammer (1982Î); chromosomal data summarized by Zima and Krâl (1984 «); meiotic behavior of sex chromosomes reported by Carnero et al. (1991).
description: Published as part of Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 520, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353098
description: {"references": ["Spitz, F. 1978. Etude craniometrique du genere Pitymys. Mammalia, 42: 267 - 304.", "Kral, B., S. I. Radjabli, A. S. Grafodatskij, and V. N. Orlov. 1984. Comparison of karyotypes, G-bands and NORS in three Cricetulus spp. (Cricetidae, Rodentia). Folia Zoologica, 33: 85 - 96.", "Carnero, A., R. Jimenez, M. Burgos, A. Sanchez, and R. Diaz de la Guardia. 1991. Achiasmatic sex chromosomes in Pitymys duodecimcostatus: Mechanisms of association and segregation. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics, 56: 78 - 81."]}
GeV - PeV Neutrino Production and Oscillation in hidden jets from GRBs
Creators: name: Fraija, Nissim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long gamma-ray bursts have been widely associated with collapsing massive stars in the framework of collapsar model. High-energy neutrinos and photons can be produced in the internal shocks of middle relativistic jets from core-collapse supernova. Although photons can hardly escape, high-energy neutrinos could be the only signature when the jets are hidden. We show that using suitable parameters, high-energy neutrinos in GeV - PeV range can be produced in the hidden jet inside the collapsar, thus demonstrating that these objects are candidates to produce neutrinos with energies between 1 - 10 PeV which were observed with IceCube. On the other hand, due to matter effects, high-energy neutrinos may oscillate resonantly from one flavor to another before leaving the star. Using two (solar, atmospheric and accelerator parameters) and three neutrino mixing, we study the possibility of resonant oscillation for these neutrinos created in internal shocks. Also we compute the probabilities of neutrino oscillations in the matter at different distances along the jet (before leaving the star) and after in vacuum, on their path to Earth. Finally, neutrino flavor ratios on Earth are estimated.
description: MNRAS, accepted
Rapid suppression of charge density wave transition in LaSb2 under pressure
Creators: name: Bud'ko, Sergey L.
name: Huyan, Shuyuan
name: Herrera-Siklody, Paula
name: Canfield, Paul C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LaSb2 is found to be an example of an exceptionally pressure sensitive and tunable, two dimensional compound. In-plane electrical resistivity of LaSb2 under pressure up to 12.9 kbar was measured in zero and applied magnetic field. The charge density wave transition (observed at ~ 350 K at ambient pressure) is completely suppressed by 6-7 kbar with significant (in comparison with the ambient pressure) increase in Fermi surface gapping and transition hysteresis just above ambient pressure.
Microtus evoronensis Kovalskaya and Sokolov 1980
Creators: name: Musser, Guy G.
name: Carleton, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Microtus
Microtus evoronensis

description: Microtus evoronensis Kovalskaya and Sokolov, 1980. Zool. Zh., 59:1410. TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Khabarovsk Krai, Lake Evoron basin, Devyatka River. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. COMMENTS: Subgenus Alexandromys, maxintowiczii species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Considered by Meier (1983) to be closely related to A4, mujanensis and A4. maxintowiczii.
description: Published as part of Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 520, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353098
description: {"references": ["Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1990. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' i sistematika serykh polevok (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Soobshchenie 1. Vidovoi sostav i khromosomnye chisla [Karyotypic variability and systematics of the gray voles (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Communication 1. Species composition and chromosomal numbers]. Vestnik Zoologii, 2: 26 - 37 (in Russian)."]}
Wave dispersion in the hybrid-Vlasov model: verification of Vlasiator
Creators: name: Kempf, Yann
name: Pokhotelov, Dimitry
name: von Alfthan, Sebastian
name: Vaivads, Andris
name: Palmroth, Minna
name: Koskinen, Hannu E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vlasiator is a new hybrid-Vlasov plasma simulation code aimed at simulating the entire magnetosphere of the Earth. The code treats ions (protons) kinetically through Vlasov's equation in the six-dimensional phase space while electrons are a massless charge-neutralizing fluid [M. Palmroth et al., Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 99, 41 (2013); A. Sandroos et al., Parallel Computing 39, 306 (2013)]. For first global simulations of the magnetosphere, it is critical to verify and validate the model by established methods. Here, as part of the verification of Vlasiator, we characterize the low-$β$ plasma wave modes described by this model and compare with the solution computed by the Waves in Homogeneous, Anisotropic Multicomponent Plasmas (WHAMP) code [K. Rönnmark, Kiruna Geophysical Institute Reports 179 (1982)], using dispersion curves and surfaces produced with both programs. The match between the two fundamentally different approaches is excellent in the low-frequency, long wavelength range which is of interest in global magnetospheric simulations. The left-hand and right-hand polarized wave modes as well as the Bernstein modes in the Vlasiator simulations agree well with the WHAMP solutions. Vlasiator allows a direct investigation of the importance of the Hall term by including it in or excluding it from Ohm's law in simulations. This is illustrated showing examples of waves obtained using the ideal Ohm's law and Ohm's law including the Hall term. Our analysis emphasizes the role of the Hall term in Ohm's law in obtaining wave modes departing from ideal magnetohydrodynamics in the hybrid-Vlasov model.
Burgers' equation in the complex plane
Creators: name: VandenHeuvel, Daniel J.
name: Lustri, Christopher J.
name: King, John R.
name: Turner, Ian W.
name: McCue, Scott W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Burgers' equation is a well-studied model in applied mathematics with connections to the Navier-Stokes equations in one spatial direction and traffic flow, for example. Following on from previous work, we analyse solutions to Burgers' equation in the complex plane, concentrating on the dynamics of the complex singularities and their relationship to the solution on the real line. For an initial condition with a simple pole in each of the upper- and lower-half planes, we apply formal asymptotics in the small- and large-time limits in order to characterise the initial and later motion of the singularities. The small-time limit highlights how infinitely many singularities are born at $t=0$ and how they orientate themselves to lie increasingly close to anti-Stokes lines in the far-field of the inner problem. This inner problem also reveals whether or not the closest singularity to the real axis moves toward the axis or away. For intermediate times, we use the exact solution, apply method of steepest descents, and implement the AAA approximation to track the complex singularities. Connections are made between the motion of the closest singularity to the real axis and the steepness of the solution on the real line. While Burgers' equation has an exact solution, we deliberately apply a mix of techniques in our analysis in an attempt to develop methodology that can be applied to other nonlinear partial differential equations that do not.
A variational formulation of electrostatics in a medium with spatially varying dielectric permittivity
Creators: name: Jadhao, Vikram
name: Solis, Francisco J.
name: de la Cruz, Monica Olvera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In biological and synthetic materials, many important processes involve charges that are present in a medium with spatially varying dielectric permittivity. To accurately understand the role of electrostatic interactions in such systems, it is important to take into account the spatial dependence of the permittivity of the medium. However, due to the ensuing theoretical and computational challenges, this inhomogeneous dielectric response of the medium is often ignored or excessively simplified. We develop a variational formulation of electrostatics to accurately investigate systems that exhibit this inhomogeneous dielectric response. Our formulation is based on a true energy functional of the polarization charge density. The defining characteristic of a true energy functional is that at its minimum it evaluates to the actual value of the energy; this is a feature not found in many commonly used electrostatic functionals. We explore in detail the charged systems that exhibit sharp discontinuous change in dielectric permittivity, and we show that for this case our functional reduces to a functional of only the surface polarization charge density. We apply this reduced functional to study model problems for which analytical solutions are well known. We demonstrate, in addition, that the functional has many properties that make it ideal for use in molecular dynamics simulations.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
A new characterization of the CR shpere and the sharp eigenvalue estimate for the Kohn Laplacian
Creators: name: Li, Song-Ying
name: Son, Duong Ngoc
name: Wang, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by a sharp eigenvalue estimate for the Kohn Laplacian, we prove a theorem that characterizes the CR sphere in terms of the existence of a non-trivial complex-valued function satisfying a certain overdetermined system.
description: added a section on the spectral theory of the Kohn Laplacian. revised
Graduale. (2r) Proprium de tempore. (100r) Credo. (102r) Proprium de Sanctis. (135v) Votivmessen. (140r) Missa. (142r) Commune Sanctorum. (199rv) Reste der Missa In dedicatione ecclesiae; 1500-1599
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2017

description: Entstehungsort: [Franziskanerkloster Augsburg].- Entstehungszeit: 16. Jahrhundert
Microtus felteni Malec and Storch 1963
Creators: name: Musser, Guy G.
name: Carleton, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Microtus
Microtus felteni

description: Microtus felteni Malec and Storch, 1963. Senckenberg. Biol., 44:171. TYPE LOCALITY: Yugoslavia, Rep. Makedonija (Macedonia), Pelister Mtns, near Trnovo-Magarevo. DISTRIBUTION: S Yugoslavia and Greece (see Niethammer, 1982/1, 1987b). COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, savii species group sensu Chaline et al. (1988). Reviewed by Niethammer (1982/i). Chromosomal data summarized and reviewed by Zima and Krâl (1984a). Biochemical comparisons among M. felteni, M. subterraneus, and other voles are documented by Gill et al. (1987).
description: Published as part of Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 520, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353098
description: {"references": ["Zima, J., and B. Kral. 1984 a. Karyotypes of European mammals. II. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium, Academiae Scientarium Bohemoslovacae (Brno), 18 (8): 1 - 62.", "Gill, A., B. Petrov, S. Zivkovic, and D. Rimsa. 1987. Biochemical comparisons in Yugoslavian rodents of the families Arvicolidae and Muridae. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 52: 247 - 256."]}
The Supersonic Project: The Early Evolutionary Path of SIGOs
Creators: name: Lake, William
name: Naoz, Smadar
name: Burkhart, Blakesley
name: Marinacci, Federico
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Chiaki, Gen
name: Chiou, Yeou S.
name: Yoshida, Naoki
name: Nakazato, Yurina
name: Williams, Claire E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersonically Induced Gas Objects (SIGOs) are a class of early Universe objects that have gained attention as a potential formation route for globular clusters. SIGOs have only recently begun to be studied in the context of molecular hydrogen cooling, which is key to characterizing their structure and evolution. Studying the population-level properties of SIGOs with molecular cooling is important for understanding their potential for collapse and star formation, and central for addressing whether SIGOs can survive to the present epoch. Here, we investigate the evolution of SIGOs before they form stars, using a combination of numerical and analytical analysis. For example, we study various timescales important to the evolution of SIGOs at a population level in the presence of molecular cooling. Revising the previous formulation for the critical density of collapse for SIGOs allows us to show that their prolateness tends to act as an inhibiting factor to collapse. We find that simulated SIGOs are limited by artificial two-body relaxation effects that tend to disperse them, an effect of their limited resolution. We expect that SIGOs in nature will be longer-lived compared to our simulations. Further, the fall-back timescale on which SIGOs fall into nearby dark matter halos, potentially producing a globular-cluster-like system, is frequently longer than their cooling timescale and the collapse timescale on which they shrink through gravity. Therefore, some SIGOs have time to cool and collapse outside of halos despite initially failing to exceed the critical density, even without considering metal line cooling. From this analysis we conclude that SIGOs should form stars outside of halos in non-negligible stream velocity patches in the Universe.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
Flavor of Gluino Decay in High-Scale Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Sato, Ryosuke
name: Shirai, Satoshi
name: Tobioka, Kohsaku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of the Higgs boson with a mass of about 125 GeV intimates us a possibility of a high-scale supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking model, where a sfermion mass scale is much higher than the electroweak scale. Although a general SUSY standard model can contribute to the low-energy flavor and/or CP-violating processes, the high-scale SUSY breaking model provides smaller signatures and therefore are less constrained, even in the presence of large flavor/CP violations of sfermions. However, a manner of gluino decay directly reflects the squark flavor structure and provides us a clue for the sfermion flavor structure. In this paper, we study the gluino decay in detail and discuss the interplay with the gluino decay and low-energy flavor and CP observation.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures
Decaying Domain Walls in an Extended Gravity Model and Cosmology
Creators: name: Shiraishi, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate cosmological consequences of an extended gravity model which belongs to the same class studied by Accetta and Steinhardt in an extended inflationary scenario. But we do not worry about inflation in our model; instead, we focus on a topological object formed during cosmological phase transitions. Although domain walls appear during first-order phase transitions such as QCD transition, they decay at the end of the phase transition. Therefore the "domain wall problem" does not exist in the suitable range of pameters and, on the contrary, the "fragments" of walls may become seeds of dark matter. A possible connection to "oscillating universe" model offered by Morikawa et al. is also discussed.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Microtus fortis Buchner 1889
Creators: name: Musser, Guy G.
name: Carleton, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Microtus
Microtus fortis

description: Microtus fortis Büchner, 1889. Wiss. Res. Przewalski's Cent.- Asien. Reisen, Zool., I:(Säugeth.), p. 99. TYPE LOCALITY: China, Nei Mongol, Ordos Desert, Huang Ho Valley, Sujan. DISTRIBUTION: Transbaikalia and Amur region south through Nei Mongol and E China to lower Yangtse Valley and Fujian (see Kovalskaya et al., 1988). SYNONYMS: calamarum, dolichocephalus, fujianensis, michnoi, pelliceus, uliginosus. COMMENTS: Subgenus Alexandromys. Geographic variation in chromosomal traits and its significance was reported by Kovalskaya et al. (1988; 1991). Most researchers view this species as a close phylogenetic relative of M. mongolicus (Meier, 1983; Radjabli et al., 1984). Zagorodnyuk (1990) listed M. fortis as the only member of its species group and related to the M. middendorffi group, which contains M. middendorffi, M. miurus, M. mongolicus, and M. sachalinensis. Reviewed by Corbet (1978c) and Gromov and Polyakov (1977).
description: Published as part of Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 521, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353098
description: {"references": ["Kovalskaya, Yu. M., V. M. Malygin, I. V. Kartavtseva. 1988. [Karyotype stability and distribution of reed voles- - Microtus fortis (Rodentia, Cricetidae).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 67: 1253 - 1259 (in Russian).", "Kovalskaya, Yu. M., V. M. Aniskin, and I. V. Kartavtseva. 1991. [Geographic variation of C-heterochromatin in Microtus fortis (Rodentia, Cricetidae).] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 70: 97 - 104 (in Russian).", "Radjabli, S. I., M. N. Meier, F. N. Golenishchev, and A. A. Isaenko. 1984. [Karyological peculiarities of the Mongolian vole and its relations within the subgenus Microtus (Rodentia, Cricetidae)]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 63: 441 - 446 (in Russian).", "Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1990. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' i sistematika serykh polevok (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Soobshchenie 1. Vidovoi sostav i khromosomnye chisla [Karyotypic variability and systematics of the gray voles (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Communication 1. Species composition and chromosomal numbers]. Vestnik Zoologii, 2: 26 - 37 (in Russian).", "Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp.", "Gromov, I. M., and I. Ya. Polyakov. 1977. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom 3, vyp. 8 [Fauna of the USSR, vol. 3, pt. 8, Mammals]. Polevki [Voles (Microtinae)]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 504 pp. (in Russian)."]}
Efficient tensor network algorithm for layered systems
Creators: name: Vlaar, Patrick C. G.
name: Corboz, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly correlated layered 2D systems are of central importance in condensed matter physics, but their numerical study is very challenging. Motivated by the enormous successes of tensor networks for 1D and 2D systems, we develop an efficient tensor network approach based on infinite projected entangled-pair states (iPEPS) for layered 2D systems. Starting from an anisotropic 3D iPEPS ansatz, we propose a contraction scheme in which the weakly-interacting layers are effectively decoupled away from the center of the layers, such that they can be efficiently contracted using 2D contraction methods while keeping the center of the layers connected in order to capture the most relevant interlayer correlations. We present benchmark data for the anisotropic 3D Heisenberg model on a cubic lattice, which shows close agreement with quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) and full 3D contraction results. Finally, we study the dimer to Néel phase transition in the Shastry-Sutherland model with interlayer coupling, a frustrated spin model which is out of reach of QMC due to the negative sign problem.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 6 pages of supplemental material
Dynamics of coupled vibration modes in a quantum non-linear mechanical resonator
Creators: name: Labadze, G.
name: Dukalski, M.
name: Blanter, Ya. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the behaviour of two non-linearly coupled flexural modes of a doubly-clamped suspended beam (nanomechanical resonator). One of the modes is externally driven. We demonstrate that classically, the behavior of the non-driven mode is reminiscent of that of a parametrically driven linear oscillator: It exhibits a threshold behavior, with the amplitude of this mode below the threshold being exactly zero. Quantum-mechanically, we were able to access the dynamics of this mode below the classical parametric threshold. We show that whereas the mean displacement of this mode is still zero, the mean squared displacement is finite and at the threshold corresponds to the occupation number of 1/2. This finite displacement of the non-driven mode can serve as an experimentally verifiable quantum signature of quantum motion.
description: 5 pages, minor changes
Lobster Eye X-ray Optics
Creators: name: Hudec, Rene
name: Feldman, Charly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This chapter describes the history, principles, and recent developments of large field of view X-ray optics based on lobster eye designs. Most of grazing incidence (reflective) X-ray imaging systems used in astronomy and other applications, are based on the Wolter 1 (or modified) arrangement. But there are also other designs and configurations proposed for future applications for both laboratory and space environments. Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) based lenses as well as various types of lobster eye optics serve as an example. Analogously to Wolter lenses, all these systems use the principle that the X-rays are reflected twice to create focal images. Various future projects in X-ray astronomy and astrophysics will require large optics with wide fields of view. Both large Kirkpatrick-Baez modules and lobster eye X-ray telescopes may serve as solutions as these can offer innovations such as wide fields of view, low mass and reduced costs. The basic workings of lobster eye optics using Micro Pore Optics (MPOs) and their various uses are discussed. The issues and limiting factors of these optics are evaluated and current missions using lobster eye optics to fulfil their science objectives are reviewed. The Multi Foil Optics (MFO) approach represents a promising alternative. These arrangements can also be widely applied in laboratory devices. The chapter also examines the details of alternative applications for non-Wolter systems in other areas of science, where some of these systems have already demonstrated their advantages such as the K-B systems which have already found wide applications in laboratories and synchrotrons.
description: Chapter form the Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics
Microtus gerbei
Creators: name: Musser, Guy G.
name: Carleton, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Microtus
Microtus gerbei

description: Microtus gerbei (Gerbe, 1879). Le Naturaliste, 1:51. TYPE LOCALITY: France, Loire-Inferieure, Dreneuf. DISTRIBUTION: SW France, and the Pyrenees Mtns of France and Spain (see Krapp, 1982d). SYNONYMS: brunneus, pyrenaicus. COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, savii species group sensu both Chaline et al. (1988) and Zagorodnyuk (1990). This species was reviewed by Krapp (1982d) under the name pyrenaicus, but according to Spitz (1978) the latter is a nomen dubium and gerbei assumes priority. The species was included in savii by Corbet (1978c), but chromosomal evidence and craniometric analysis underscore its specific integrity (Kratochvil and Krâl, 1974; Spitz, 1978). Chromosomal data (as pyrenaicus) summarized by Zima and Krâl (1984a).
description: Published as part of Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 521, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353098
description: {"references": ["Krapp, F. 1982 d. Microtus pyrenaicus (de Selys-Longchamps, 1847) -- Pyrenaen- Kleinwuhlmaus. Pp. 444 - 446, in Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas (J. Niethammer and F. Krapp, eds.). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (Wiesbaden), 2 / I: 1 - 649.", "Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1990. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' i sistematika serykh polevok (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Soobshchenie 1. Vidovoi sostav i khromosomnye chisla [Karyotypic variability and systematics of the gray voles (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Communication 1. Species composition and chromosomal numbers]. Vestnik Zoologii, 2: 26 - 37 (in Russian).", "Spitz, F. 1978. Etude craniometrique du genere Pitymys. Mammalia, 42: 267 - 304.", "Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp.", "Kratochvil, J., and B. Kral. 1974. Karyotypes and relationship of Palaearctic \" 54 - chromosome \" Pitymys species (Microtidae, Rodentia). Zoologicke Listy, 23: 289 - 302.", "Zima, J., and B. Kral. 1984 a. Karyotypes of European mammals. II. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium, Academiae Scientarium Bohemoslovacae (Brno), 18 (8): 1 - 62."]}
Beamforming for MISO Interference Channels with QoS and RF Energy Transfer
Creators: name: Timotheou, Stelios
name: Krikidis, Ioannis
name: Zheng, Gan
name: Ottersten, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a multiuser multiple-input single-output interference channel where the receivers are characterized by both quality-of-service (QoS) and radio-frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) constraints. We consider the power splitting RF-EH technique where each receiver divides the received signal into two parts a) for information decoding and b) for battery charging. The minimum required power that supports both the QoS and the RF-EH constraints is formulated as an optimization problem that incorporates the transmitted power and the beamforming design at each transmitter as well as the power splitting ratio at each receiver. We consider both the cases of fixed beamforming and when the beamforming design is incorporated into the optimization problem. For fixed beamforming we study three standard beamforming schemes, the zero-forcing (ZF), the regularized zero-forcing (RZF) and the maximum ratio transmission (MRT); a hybrid scheme, MRT-ZF, comprised of a linear combination of MRT and ZF beamforming is also examined. The optimal solution for ZF beamforming is derived in closed-form, while optimization algorithms based on second-order cone programming are developed for MRT, RZF and MRT-ZF beamforming to solve the problem. In addition, the joint-optimization of beamforming and power allocation is studied using semidefinite programming (SDP) with the aid of rank relaxation.
description: Under Review at IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. Original Submission Date: 04/07/2013. Revision 1 Submission Date: 09/10/2013
On the asymptotic assumptions for Milne-like spacetimes
Creators: name: Ling, Eric
name: Piubello, Annachiara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Milne-like spacetimes are a class of hyperbolic FLRW spacetimes which admit continuous spacetime extensions through the big bang, $τ= 0$. The existence of the extension follows from writing the metric in conformal Minkowskian coordinates and assuming that the scale factor satisfies $a(τ) = τ+ o(τ^{1+\varepsilon})$ as $τ\to 0$ for some $\varepsilon > 0$. This asymptotic assumption implies $a(τ) = τ+ o(τ)$. In this paper, we show that $a(τ) = τ+ o(τ)$ is not sufficient to achieve an extension through $τ= 0$, but it is necessary provided its derivative converges as $τ\to 0$. We also show that the $\varepsilon$ in $a(τ) = τ+ o(τ^{1+\varepsilon})$ is not necessary to achieve an extension through $τ= 0$.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
A Bayesian Approach to Deriving Ages of Individual Field White Dwarfs
Creators: name: O'Malley, Erin M.
name: von Hippel, Ted
name: van Dyk, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a self-consistent and robust Bayesian statistical approach to determining the ages, distances, and ZAMS masses of 28 field DA white dwarfs with ages of approximately 4 to 8 Gyrs. Our technique requires only quality optical and near-IR photometry to derive ages with < 15% uncertainties, generally with little sensitivity to our choice of modern initial-final mass relation. We find that age, distance, and ZAMS mass are correlated in a manner that is too complex to be captured by traditional error propagation techniques. We further find that the posterior distributions of age are often asymmetric, indicating that the standard approach to deriving WD ages can yield misleading results.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Compton Telescopes for Gamma-ray Astrophysics
Creators: name: Kierans, Carolyn
name: Takahashi, Tadayuki
name: Kanbach, Gottfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compton telescopes rely on the dominant interaction mechanism in the MeV gamma-ray energy range: Compton scattering. By precisely recording the position and energy of multiple Compton scatter interactions in a detector volume, a photon's original direction and energy can be recovered. These powerful survey instruments can have wide fields of view, good spectroscopy, and polarization capabilities, and can address many of the open science questions in the MeV range, and in particular, from multimessenger astrophysics. The first space-based Compton telescope was launched in 1991 and progress in the field continues with advancements in detector technology. This chapter will give an overview of the physics of Compton scattering and the basic principles of operation of Compton telescopes; electron tracking and polarization capabilities will be discussed. A brief introduction to Compton event reconstruction and imaging reconstruction is given. The point spread function for Compton telescopes and standard performance parameters are described, and notable instrument designs are introduced.
description: 76 pages, 38 figures, accepted for the Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics
Growth rate degeneracies in kinematic dynamos
Creators: name: Favier, B.
name: Proctor, M. R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the classical problem of kinematic dynamo action in simple steady flows. Due to the adjointness of the induction operator, we show that the growth rate of the dynamo will be exactly the same for two types of magnetic boundary conditions: the magnetic field can be normal (infinite magnetic permeability, also called pseudo-vacuum) or tangent (perfect electrical conductor) to the boundaries of the domain. These boundary conditions correspond to well-defined physical limits often used in numerical models and relevant to laboratory experiments. The only constraint is for the velocity field u to be reversible, meaning there exists a transformation changing u into -u. We illustrate this surprising property using S2T2 type of flows in spherical geometry inspired by Dudley and James (1989). Using both types of boundary conditions, it is shown that the growth rates of the dynamos are identical, although the corresponding magnetic eigenmodes are drastically different.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Partitioning Hypergraphs is Hard: Models, Inapproximability, and Applications
Creators: name: Papp, Pál András
name: Anegg, Georg
name: Yzelman, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.2; F.2.2
subject: 68Q17, 68W25, 05C65

description: We study the balanced $k$-way hypergraph partitioning problem, with a special focus on its practical applications to manycore scheduling. Given a hypergraph on $n$ nodes, our goal is to partition the node set into $k$ parts of size at most $(1+ε)\cdot \frac{n}{k}$ each, while minimizing the cost of the partitioning, defined as the number of cut hyperedges, possibly also weighted by the number of partitions they intersect. We show that this problem cannot be approximated to within a $n^{1/\text{poly} \log\log n}$ factor of the optimal solution in polynomial time if the Exponential Time Hypothesis holds, even for hypergraphs of maximal degree 2. We also study the hardness of the partitioning problem from a parameterized complexity perspective, and in the more general case when we have multiple balance constraints. Furthermore, we consider two extensions of the partitioning problem that are motivated from practical considerations. Firstly, we introduce the concept of hyperDAGs to model precedence-constrained computations as hypergraphs, and we analyze the adaptation of the balanced partitioning problem to this case. Secondly, we study the hierarchical partitioning problem to model hierarchical NUMA (non-uniform memory access) effects in modern computer architectures, and we show that ignoring this hierarchical aspect of the communication cost can yield significantly weaker solutions.
description: Published in the 35th ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA 2023)
The homogeneous steady state of a confined granular gas
Creators: name: Brey, J. Javier
name: de Soria, M. I. García
name: Maynar, P.
name: Buzón, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and kinetic theory for a model of a confined quasi-two-dimensional gas of inelastic hard spheres is presented. The dynamics of the particles includes an effective mechanism to transfer the energy injected in the vertical direction to the horizontal degrees of freedom. The Enskog approximation is formulated and used as the basis to investigate the temperature and the distribution function of the steady state eventually reached by the system. An exact scaling of the distribution function of the system having implications on the form of its moments is pointed out. The theoretical predictions are compared with numerical results obtained by a particle simulation method, and a good agreement is found.
Technologies for advanced X-ray mirror fabrication
Creators: name: Atkins, Carolyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray mirror fabrication for astronomy is challenging; this is due to the Wolter I optical geometry and the tight tolerances on roughness and form error to enable accurate and efficient X-ray reflection. The performance of an X-ray mirror, and ultimately that of the telescope, is linked to the processes and technologies used to create it. The goal of this chapter is to provider the reader with an overview of the different technologies and processes used to create the mirrors for X-ray telescopes. The objective is to present this diverse field in the framework of the manufacturing methodologies (subtractive, formative, fabricative & additive) and how these methodologies influence the telescope attributes (angular resolution and effective area). The emphasis is placed upon processes and technologies employed in recent X-ray space telescopes and those that are being actively investigated for future missions such as Athena and concepts such as Lynx. Speculative processes and technologies relating to Industry 4.0 are introduced to imagine how X-ray mirror fabrication may develop in the future.
description: Invited chapter for the Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics
Direct and inverse cascades in turbulent Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Zhu, Ying
name: Semisalov, Boris
name: Krstulovic, Giorgio
name: Nazarenko, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is driven out of equilibrium, density waves interact non-linearly and trigger turbulent cascades. In a turbulent BEC, energy is transferred towards small scales by a direct cascade, whereas the number of particles displays an inverse cascade toward large scales. In this work, we study analytically and numerically the direct and inverse cascades in wave-turbulent BECs. We analytically derive the Kolmogorov-Zakharov spectra, including the log-correction to the direct cascade scaling and the universal pre-factor constants for both cascades. We test and corroborate our predictions using high-resolution numerical simulations of the forced-dissipated Gross-Pitaevskii model in a periodic box and the corresponding wave-kinetic equation. Theoretical predictions and data are in excellent agreement, without adjustable parameters. Moreover, in order to connect with experiments, we test and validate our theoretical predictions using the Gross-Pitaevskii model with a confining cubic trap. Our results explain previous experimental observations and suggest new settings for future studies.
The Massive Star Population in M101. I. The Identification and Spatial Distribution of the Visually Luminous Stars
Creators: name: Grammer, Skyler
name: Humphreys, Roberta M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An increasing number of non-terminal giant eruptions are being observed by modern supernova and transient surveys. But very little is known about the origin of these giant eruptions and their progenitors, many of which are presumably very massive, evolved stars. Motivated by the small number of progenitors positively associated with these giant eruptions, we have begun a survey of the evolved massive star populations in nearby galaxies. The nearby, nearly face on, giant spiral M101 is an excellent laboratory for studying a large population of very massive stars. In this paper, we present BVI photometry obtained from archival HST/ACS WFC images of M101. We have produced a catalog of luminous stars with photometric errors <10% for V < 24.5 and 50% completeness down to V ~ 26.5 even in regions of high stellar crowding. Using color and luminosity criteria we have identified candidate luminous OB type stars and blue supergiants, yellow supergiants, and red supergiants for future observation. We examine their spatial distributions across the face of M101 and find that the ratio of blue to red supergiants decreases by two orders of magnitude over the radial extent of M101 corresponding to 0.5 dex in metallicity. We discuss the resolved stellar content in the giant star forming complexes NGC 5458, 5453, 5461, 5451, 5462, and 5449 and discuss their color-magnitude diagrams in conjunction with the spatial distribution of the stars to determine their spatio-temporal formation histories.
description: Submitted to AJ -- 11 pages, 11 Figures