cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Applying chiral perturbation to twisted mass Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Sharpe, Stephen R.
name: Wu, Jackson M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have explored twisted mass LQCD (tmLQCD) analytically using chiral perturbation theory, including discretization effects up to O(a^2), and working at next-to-leading (NLO) order in the chiral expansion. In particular we have studied the vacuum structure, and calculated the dependence of pion masses and decay constants on the quark mass, twisting angle and lattice spacing. We give explicit examples for quantities that both are and are not automatically improved at maximal twisting.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure. Talk given at Lattice2004(spectrum), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, June 21 - 26, 2004. v2: Minor typos fixed, slight page format adjustment for generating 3 page postscript at the arXiv. v3: Change to meta-data field only. No change to actual paper
EFFECT OF LAND DEGRADATION ON INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES OF FARMERS IN
Creators: name: Oladeji, J.O.
name: Oladeji, J.O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land degradation
subject: Environment
subject: Indigenous practices
subject: Farmers

description: Land degradation in south eastern part of Nigeria is becoming widespread because population pressure is increasing, fallow land are unavailable for agricultural activities and even marginal lands are being lost to developmental projects. The problem of land degradation emanated from increase soil erosion, vegetation degradation and hydrological changes leading to loss of land productivity necessitates this study. One hundred and eighty crop and livestock farmers were sampled from a list of 1800 obtained from seven villages randomly selected from Agricultural Development Programme Zones. Instrument used in data gathering was interview schedule. Majority of the respondents are literate and have multiple income generating activities. Crop farming, collection of forest products and goat rearing were the most negatively affected income generating activities. Sex, age, educational level and household size have significant relationship with farmer’s involvement in income generating activities. Significant differences exist in farmers’ income generating activities before and after land degradation. Indigenous practices adopted in controlling land degradation do not have significant relationship with farmers’ involvement in income generating activities. Government, non-governmental organizations and community leaders should intensify efforts at educating farmers on the need for use of environmentally friendly farming system.
Determinants of Households’ Participation in the Collective Maintenance of Publicly Provided Water Infrastructure in Oyo State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Adeoti, Adetola I.
name: Adeoti, Adetola I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Collective action
subject: Water infrastructure
subject: Rural households
subject: Institutions
subject: Participation

description: The provision of safe drinking water has been a major concern of government over the decades and boreholes have been drilled in many rural areas in Nigeria. Despite this, the proportion of Nigerians in rural areas with access to safe drinking water is about 50%. This paper evaluates participation in collective maintenance of boreholes and factors that influence it in Oyo state. Through a multistage sampling procedure, 109 households were selected from 5 communities that have been provided with boreholes by the state Local Empowerment and Environmental Management Project. Data collected from these households were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the probit model. Results reveal that rural households participate well in collective maintenance with a greater number making financial contribution. Education of household head, reliability of water, and perception on transparency of management show plausibility of increasing the probability of participation in collective maintenance of boreholes. Distance from the water source, having alternative source of water, male household head, household monthly income and enforcement of rules reduces probability of participation. The marginal effects show that gender, distance to water, having alternative source of water, enforcement of rules and perception on transparency and accountability of management have the highest effect on probability of participation. It is recommended that adult education should be intensified and training of management team on management and administration be done. This is to engender trust and increase participation thereby improving maintenance of the boreholes.
Impact of Policy Changes on Technical Efficiency on Farmers: Empirical Evidence From Nigerian Small Scale Food Crop Farmers
Creators: name: Ajibefun, Igbekele A.
name: Adenegan, Kemisola O.
name: Ajibefun, Igbekele A.
name: Adenegan, Kemisola O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Stochastic frontier
subject: Technical efficiency
subject: Small-scale farmers
subject: Nigeria

description: The study quantitatively determine the impact of policy changes on technical efficiency of small scale food crop farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria, using the stochastic frontier methodology. Given the specifications of the Cobb-Douglas Stochastic frontier models, the results show that the elasticity of mean value of farm output is an increasing function of land, labour and implements. The mean value of farm output is also estimated to be an increasing function of agrochemicals and seeds. The results indicate that an increasing returns-to-scale exists among the farmers. The analysis shows a wide variation in the estimated technical efficiencies, ranging between 0.22 and 0.89. The results of simulation on policy variables show that the level of technical efficiency would significantly increase with rising level of education, farming experience and amount of credit used and decline with the age of the farmers.
Additional file 3 of Effects of undigested protein-rich ingredients on polarised small intestinal organoid monolayers
Creators: name: Soumya K. Kar
name: Hee, Bart Van Der
name: Loonen, Linda M. P.
name: Taverne, Nico
name: Taverne-Thiele, Johanna J.
name: Schokker, Dirkjan
name: Smits, Mari A.
name: Jansman, Alfons J. M.
name: Wells, Jerry M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Tables and Figures.Table S1. RT-qPCR primer sequences and fold-change results (average ± SEM, n = 3 per treatment) for microarray validation of significantly regulated genes in protein-treated organoids compared to medium control. Fig. S1. Organoid monolayers differentiate into polarized epithelium containing multiple cell types irrespective of treatment. (A) Staining of organoid monolayers to test for cellular morphology and proliferation (top), and secretory cell lineages, goblet (middle; MUC2) and Paneth (bottom; UEA-1) cells, when treated with various protein sources. (B) Cell ATP assay of organoids exposed to various protein sources relative to medium control (average % ± SD, n = 6 per treatment, * P
Aatolana Bruce 1993
Creators: name: Keable, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1998
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Isopoda
Cirolanidae
Aatolana

description: Key to species of Aatolana 1 Frontal lamina, anterior margin forming an excavate process; coxa 7, posterior margin concave; basis of pereopod 7, anterior margin with plumose setae; pleotelson, dorsal surface with setae; uropod rami, lateral margins sinuate............ A. schioedtei -- Frontal lamina, anterior margin convex with a small process protruding between the antennal bases, or acute and deflected dorsally from a rounded posteroventral projection; coxa 7, posterior margin straight or convex; basis of pereopod 7, anterior margin with setae which lack setules; pleotelson, dorsal surface without setae; uropod rami, lateral margins straight or slightly convex............................................................................................................................................... 2 2 Frontal lamina, anterior margin convex with a small process protruding between the antennal bases; antenna extending to the posteriorofpereonite5 A.rapax -- Frontal lamina, anterior margin acute and deflected dorsally from a rounded posteroventral projection; antenna extending to the posterior of pereonite 4 A. springthorpei n.sp.
description: Published as part of Keable, Stephen J., 1998, A third species of Aatolana Bruce, 1993 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cirolanidae), pp. 19-26 in Records of the Australian Museum 50 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1272, http://zenodo.org/record/4652847
Technical, Economic and Allocative Efficiencies of Pepper Production in South-West Nigeria: A Stochastic Frontier Approach
Creators: name: Dipeolu, A.O.
name: Akinbode, Sakiru O.
name: Dipeolu, A.O.
name: Akinbode, Sakiru O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Pepper
subject: Technical efficiency
subject: Economic efficiency
subject: Allocative efficiency

description: Despite increases in the cultivation of pepper among farmers in South-West Nigeria, massive transportation of pepper from the Northern parts of the country and seasonal fluctuation in prices are still very common. Given a good knowledge of the efficiency levels of various production units (farms), output can be increased in the short-term by improving production efficiency. This study examined technical, allocative and economic efficiencies in pepper production in south-west Nigeria. Data were collected from three hundred pepper farmers who were sampled through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were analyzed using the stochastic frontier approach. The results revealed average technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of 0.737, 0.893 and 0.658 respectively. These imply that given the present efficiencies levels, there is room for the average farmer to increase pepper output or save costs without the need to change existing technology. Extension contact, gender, indigeneship status, age and household size have significant effect on technical inefficiency. The study recommended among others, intensive extension services which focus more on native, older and female farmers and are geared towards raising technical knowledge of pepper farmers in order to improve output significantly.
Opportunities for multiscale computational modelling of serotonergic drug effects in Alzheimer's disease
Creators: name: Joshi, Alok
name: Wang, Da-Hui
name: Watterson, Steven
name: McClean, Paula L.
name: Behera, Chandan K.
name: Sharp, Trevor
name: Wong-Lin, KongFatt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-specific neurodegenerative disease that compromises cognitive functioning and impacts the quality of life of an individual. Pathologically, AD is characterised by abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid (A$β$) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Despite research advances over the last few decades, there is currently still no cure for AD. Although, medications are available to control some behavioural symptoms and slow the disease's progression, most prescribed medications are based on cholinesterase inhibitors. Over the last decade, there has been increased attention towards novel drugs, targeting alternative neurotransmitter pathways, particularly those targeting serotonergic (5-HT) system. In this review, we focused on 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) mediated signalling and drugs that target these receptors. These pathways regulate key proteins and kinases such as GSK-3 that are associated with abnormal levels of A$β$ and tau in AD. We then review computational studies related to 5-HT signalling pathways with the potential for providing deeper understanding of AD pathologies. In particular, we suggest that multiscale and multilevel modelling approaches could potentially provide new insights into AD mechanisms, and towards discovering novel 5-HTR based therapeutic targets.
description: Accepted manuscript in Neuropharmacology
Additional file 1 of Tumor-associated macrophage derived IL-6 enriches cancer stem cell population and promotes breast tumor progression via Stat-3 pathway
Creators: name: Radharani, N. N. V.
name: Yadav, Amit S.
name: Nimma, Ramakrishna
name: Kumar, T. V. Santosh
name: Bulbule, Anuradha
name: Chanukuppa, Venkatesh
name: Kumar, Dhiraj
name: Patnaik, Srinivas
name: Rapole, Srikanth
name: Kundu, Gopal C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1. Murine macrophages (RAW264.7) were treated with CM of breast cancer cells (4T1) for 24 h and change in morphology was examined by phase contrast microscope. Figure S2. (A-C) Dot-plots from TCGA data for breast cancer from PanCancer Atlas, METABRIC and The Metastatic Breast Cancer Project (MBC) datasets to illustrate correlations between CD163 and IL-6 expression. Figure S3. Effect of CM of breast cancer cells on IL-6 expression in activated macrophages was examined by (A, B) confocal microscopy (C) ELISA and (D) FACS analysis was performed for IL-6 expression using FACS Canto II analyser. Figure S4. Tumor activated macrophages promote stem cell phenotype in breast cancer as determined by examining of expression of (A) Sca-1 as CSC marker by FACS and (B-G) Sox-2, Oct 3/4 and Nanog by q-PCR and immunofluorescence. Figure S5. Comparison of IL-6 level in 4T1 and Activated RAW conditioned media. Bar graph represents IL-6 concentration in CM of 4T1 cells and CM of Activated RAW cells estimated by ELISA. Figure S6. TAM derived IL-6 enriches CSCs in breast cancer. 4T1 cells were treated with either CM of activated RAW or CM of activated RAW neutralized with IL-6 antibody (20 μg/ml) and co-expression ALDH1 as well as Sca-1 was examined by flow cytometry using their specific antibody. Figure S7. IL-6 alone is sufficient to enhance cancer stem cell phenotype in breast cancer cells as shown by (A, B) flow cytometry (C) western blotting and (D-F) confocal microscopy. Figure S8. IL-6 enhances stemness in breast cancer through STAT-3 pathways demonstrated by flow cytometry. Figure S9. TAM derived IL-6 augments migration in breast cancer cells as determined by wound healing assay. Figure S10. Tumor activated macrophages enrich CSC population in orthotopic breast cancer model. Digital photographs of tumor bearing BALB/c. Table S1: List of Antibodies, kits, inhibitors and recombinant proteins used. Table S2: List of Primers Used in study.
Additional file 1 of The impact of a cartoon character on adults perceptions of Children’s breakfast cereals: a randomized experiment
Creators: name: Contreras-Manzano, Alejandra
name: Jáuregui, Alejandra
name: Nieto, Claudia
name: Hall, Marissa G.
name: Vargas-Meza, Jorge
name: Thrasher, James F.
name: Illescas-Zárate, Daniel
name: Simón Barquera
name: Hammond, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Multinomial regression model with interaction between parental status and experimental group (n = 3755)
Non-domestic architecture in prehistoric complex hunter-gatherer communities : an example from Keatley Creek, on the Canadian Plateau of British Columbia
Creators: name: Morin, Jesse
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis explores the variability in housepit use in the large prehistoric village on the Canadian Plateau of Keatley Creek. A comparative analysis of domestic housepits and potential ritual structures was undertaken to determine whether or not ST 106 was used as a winter domestic residence, or used for other purposes. Twenty-four methods of comparison were used to identify differences and similarities between the groups of domestic housepits and potential ritual structures. The results of this study indicate that these potential ritual structures cluster as a group distinct from the domestic housepits. The sample of potential ritual structures differs from the domestic housepits most notably by: distinctive spatial distribution at the site, association with feasting facilities, high fish element density, low debitage density, high proportions of bifacial thinning flakes, and high proportions of rare or unique artifacts. The late Kamloops horizon occupation of structure 106 displays all of these trends and clusters most closely with the Plateau horizon occupation of ST 9. Comparison of the material attributes recovered from ST 106 and the other potential ritual structures with material expectations of various non-domestic structures for the study region suggests that these structures were used as feasting or meeting-houses and not domestic residences. These potential ritual structures originate in the Classic Lillooet (2600-1100 B.P.) occupation of the site and were used up until the late Kamloops horizon.
Suppression of the optical linewidth and spin decoherence of a quantum spin center in a $p$$-$$n$ diode
Creators: name: Candido, Denis R.
name: Flatté, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantitative theory of the suppression of the optical linewidth due to charge fluctuation noise in a ${p}$$-$${n}$ diode, recently observed in Anderson et al., Science 366, 1225 (2019). We connect the local electric field with the voltage across the diode, allowing for the identification of the defect depth from the experimental threshold voltage. Furthermore, we show that an accurate description of the decoherence of such spin centers requires a complete spin$-$1 formalism that yields a bi-exponential decoherence process, and predict how reduced charge fluctuation noise suppresses the spin center's decoherence rate.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Carbon stars as standard candles: I. The luminosity function of carbon stars in the Magellanic Clouds
Creators: name: Ripoche, Paul
name: Heyl, Jeremy
name: Parada, Javiera
name: Richer, Harvey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our goal in this paper is to derive a carbon-star luminosity function that will eventually be used to determine distances to galaxies at $50$-$60$ Mpc and hence yield a value of the Hubble constant. Cool N-type carbon stars exhibit redder near-infrared colours than oxygen-rich stars. Using Two Micron All Sky Survey near-infrared photometry and the Gaia Data Release 2, we identify carbon stars in the Magellanic Clouds (MC) and the Milky Way (MW). Carbon stars in the MC appear as a distinct horizontal feature in the near-infrared ($(J-K_s)_0$, $M_J$) colour-magnitude diagram. We build a colour selection ($1.4 < (J-K_s)_0 < 2$) and derive the luminosity function of the colour-selected carbon stars. We find the median absolute magnitude and the dispersion, in the J band, for the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud to be, respectively, ($\bar{M_J} = -6.284 \pm 0.004$, $σ= 0.352 \pm 0.005$) and ($\bar{M_J} = -6.160 \pm 0.015$, $σ= 0.365 \pm 0.014$). The difference between the MC may be explained by the lower metallicity of the Small Magellanic Cloud, but in any case it provides limits on the type of galaxy whose distance can be determined with this technique. To account for metallicity effects, we developed a composite magnitude, named C, for which the error-weighted mean C magnitude of both the MC are equal. Thanks to the next generation of telescopes (JWST, ELT, TMT), carbon stars could be detected in MC-type galaxies at distances out to $50$-$60$ Mpc. The final goal is to eventually try and improve the measurement of the Hubble constant while exploring the current tensions related to its value.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Results unchanged. Correction of some uncertainty values in Eq. (24) and Eq. (25). Added some acknowledgements. Minor changes to the text. Codes and catalogues available on GitLab, see https://gitlab.com/pripoche/using-carbon-stars-as-standard-candles
Welfare Distribution in Rural and Urban Centres in Nigeria: A Stochastic Dominance Approach
Creators: name: Odozi, John C.
name: Awoyemi, Taiwo Timothy
name: Omonona, Bolarin T.
name: Odozi, John C.
name: Awoyemi, Taiwo Timothy
name: Omonona, Bolarin T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: Welfare
subject: Stochastic Dominance
subject: Income distribution
subject: Efficiency

description: Policy makers are interested in knowing the welfare effect of the many development programmes implemented in rural centres in Nigeria. This study applied stochastic dominance approach to show whether the aggregate welfare in rural centres was better than in urban centres using the household survey data for Nigeria collected by the national Bureau of Statistics. The monetary approach of measuring welfare was adopted and consumption expenditure was chosen over household income following its practicability in a developing country context. Adjustments were also made so as to fit welfare distribution as much as possible. The main findings were that rural centres had better aggregate welfare only for the class of welfare function that is equity loving. For the class of welfare function that is equity and efficiency loving, aggregate welfare dominance of rural centres over urban centres was inconclusive. However, with further imposition of Pigou Dalton transfer condition using the generalized Lorenz curve, rural aggregate welfare showed dominance over urban aggregate welfare. This suggests that redistribution of incomes through rural development programmes may have much more effect on rural aggregate welfare.
Electronic polarization in quasilinear chains
Creators: name: Springborg, Michael
name: Kirtman, Bernard
name: Dong, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting with a finite $k$-mesh version of a well-known equation by Blount, we show how various definitions proposed for the polarization of long chains are related. Expressions used for infinite periodic chains in the 'modern theory of polarization' are thereby obtained along with a new single particle formulation. Separate intracellular and intercellular contributions to the polarization are identified and, in application to infinite chains, the traditional sawtooth definition is found to be missing the latter. For a finite open chain the dipole moment depends upon how the chain is terminated, but the intracellular and intercellular polarization do not. All of these results are illustrated through calculations with a simple Hückel-like model.
description: 5 pages
Identifying Flux Rope Signatures Using a Deep Neural Network
Creators: name: Santos, Luiz F. G. dos
name: Narock, Ayris
name: Nieves-Chinchilla, Teresa
name: Nuñez, Marlon
name: Kirk, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Among the current challenges in Space Weather, one of the main ones is to forecast the internal magnetic configuration within Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs). Currently, a monotonic and coherent magnetic configuration observed is associated with the result of a spacecraft crossing a large flux rope with helical magnetic field lines topology. The classification of such an arrangement is essential to predict geomagnetic disturbance. Thus, the classification relies on the assumption that the ICME's internal structure is a well organized magnetic flux rope. This paper applies machine learning and a current physical flux rope analytical model to identify and further understand the internal structures of ICMEs. We trained an image recognition artificial neural network with analytical flux rope data, generated from the range of many possible trajectories within a cylindrical (circular and elliptical cross-section) model. The trained network was then evaluated against the observed ICMEs from WIND during 1995-2015. The methodology developed in this paper can classify 84% of simple real cases correctly and has a 76% success rate when extended to a broader set with 5% noise applied, although it does exhibit a bias in favor of positive flux rope classification. As a first step towards a generalizable classification and parameterization tool, these results show promise. With further tuning and refinement, our model presents a strong potential to evolve into a robust tool for identifying flux rope configurations from in situ data.
description: 32 pages, 12 figures. This is a pre-print of an article published in Solar Physics Journal
An Analysis of Poverty Status of Fadama II and Non Fadama II Beneficiaries in Rural Oyo State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Oni, Omobowale A.
name: Olaniran, Olawale T.
name: Oni, Omobowale A.
name: Olaniran, Olawale T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Rural households Propensity Score Matching
subject: Fadama
subject: Poverty
subject: Southwest Nigeria

description: This paper analyzes the poverty status of Fadama II and non-Fadama II beneficiaries in rural Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria. The sample survey data were collected from 450 rural households comprising of purposively selected 150 beneficiaries of Fadama II, 150 non-beneficiaries within Fadama II local government and 150 non-beneficiaries outside the local government. Propensity Score Matching technique was used to select comparable observations which reduced the sample size to 412 observations. The prevalence of poverty was found to be highest among the non-beneficiaries within fadama II LGA (73%), followed by non-beneficiaries outside fadama (69%) and Fadama II beneficiaries (38%). Key factors that influence poverty were household size, educational status, credit utilization and being a Fadama II beneficiary. To reduce poverty, this study suggests that the project should be extended to the non-benefiting communities since findings have shown that being a beneficiary reduces the probability of being poor. There is also a need to promote birth control programme among respondents since findings have shown that higher household size increases the probability of being poor, while acquiring formal education should also be promoted among respondents.
Rural Households’ Access to Microcredit and Poverty status in Obafemi- Owode Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Adepoju, Abimbola O.
name: Oluoha, K.
name: Adepoju, Abimbola O.
name: Oluoha, K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Micro-credit
subject: Poverty
subject: Rural households
subject: Ogun State

description: This study examined the effect of access to micro-credit on poverty status of rural households in Obafemi-Owode LGA in Ogun state, employing data collected from 94 randomly selected households in the study area. Data were analysed with the aid of FGT poverty index and the Logit regression model. The results of descriptive analysis reveal that majority of the poor households in the study area were large sized, male headed with no formal education and no access to credit. The head count poverty index also reveals that about 35 percent of households in the study area were poor, subsisting below the poverty line of 6,279.33 naira per capita per month. The econometric analysis shows that age, household size, secondary and tertiary education of household head, access to credit and sector of primary occupation of the household head were the significant factors that determine poverty status in the study area. The study concludes that poverty reduction in the rural areas requires effective targeting with educational programmes and most importantly, availability and accessibility of rural households to credit facilities in order to improve their income earning opportunities thereby enhancing their welfare.
Possibilities for supporting rural development in selected European Union policies
Creators: name: Chmieliński, Paweł
name: Feltynowski, Marcin
name: Jachymek, Małgorzata
name: Przybyłowski, Adam
name: Ziomek, Agnieszka
name: Chmieliński, Paweł
name: Feltynowski, Marcin
name: Jachymek, Małgorzata
name: Przybyłowski, Adam
name: Ziomek, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: European Union
subject: transport
subject: cohesion policies
subject: rural development
subject: renewable energy sources
subject: geographical information systems
subject: rural areas
subject: EU funds
subject: social policy intervention
subject: rural entrepreneurship

description: European Union transport and cohesion policies in the context of rural development. Investments in renewable energy sources as an opportunity for rural development. Support measures for rural entrepreneurship development in sectoral policies. Possibilities for the development of geographical information systems in rural areas based on EU funds. Rules and orientation of social policy intervention in rural areas in Poland.
Economic results of selected agricultural products in 2005-2008
Creators: name: Skarżyńska, Aldona
name: Skarżyńska, Aldona
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: market conditions
subject: economic results
subject: agricultural production
subject: agricultural products

description: Production and market conditions in agriculture in 2005–2008. Economic results of agricultural production activities in 2005–2008: Activity results in farms recurring in the survey years, Activity results in the best, the average and the weakest holdings.
Additional file 2 of Effects of undigested protein-rich ingredients on polarised small intestinal organoid monolayers
Creators: name: Soumya K. Kar
name: Hee, Bart Van Der
name: Loonen, Linda M. P.
name: Taverne, Nico
name: Taverne-Thiele, Johanna J.
name: Schokker, Dirkjan
name: Smits, Mari A.
name: Jansman, Alfons J. M.
name: Wells, Jerry M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Materials and Methods.Method S1. Description of crypt isolation and culture of 3D organoids. Method S2. RNA isolation, transcriptome and biological pathway analysis. Method S3. RT-qPCR.
Evaluation of investment support in rural development programmes: results for selected measures
Creators: name: Ortner, Karl M.
name: Ortner, Karl M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: evaluation
subject: rural development
subject: investment
subject: cost-benefit analysis
subject: policy
subject: EU
subject: CAP
subject: Austria

description: The Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (CMEF) for Rural Development Programmes (RDP) by the European Commission's Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development provides for common indicators to estimate effects of the respective measures. Their estimation has to rely on assumptions which may influence the results substantially and render them incomparable across measures. This caveat applies in particular in respect of net effects and of periods in which market prices fluctuate. The estimated effects of investment support measures can be used for benefit-cost analyses to compare the performances of measures. In the mid-term evaluation of the Austrian RDP these performances were found to differ widely. Using net (rather than gross) effects is likely to decrease the reliability of performance estimates but did not change the ranking of measures. Due to its positive effect on Gross Value Added, investment support renders private investments profitable and can be a profitable investment on its own. However, government intervention is justified only by the promotion of public rather than private goods.
A comparative study of children’s archaeology programs in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America
Creators: name: Thomas, Eleanor Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In the past few decades, there has been a shift in the archaeological mind-set about the importance of involving the public in order to preserve the past for the future. Archaeologists have repeatedly called for more public programming and the archaeological and museum community have responded. However, few publications review or compare these programs either within or between countries. This thesis presents the results from a pilot survey, sent to over 1,000 museums in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States as well as the results of a more in-depth survey of 11 programs in these countries to determine program trends and patterns. Issues of indigenous awareness and involvement, local community involvement and program success in relation to goals are also examined.
Additional file 1 of Effects of undigested protein-rich ingredients on polarised small intestinal organoid monolayers
Creators: name: Soumya K. Kar
name: Hee, Bart Van Der
name: Loonen, Linda M. P.
name: Taverne, Nico
name: Taverne-Thiele, Johanna J.
name: Schokker, Dirkjan
name: Smits, Mari A.
name: Jansman, Alfons J. M.
name: Wells, Jerry M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Schematic representation of the study. 3-dimensional organoids were generated from mouse duodenum (1). The organoids were subsequently dissociated into single cells (2) and grown as 2-dimensional polarised monolayers (3). Polarized monolayers of organoid cells were exposed to different protein sources [CAS, SBM, SDPP, YMW, or medium control (MC)] for 6 h (4) and further processed for imaging (5) gene expression (6), and biochemical assays (7), to investigate the effects of undigested protein sources on the duodenal epithelium.
Deep Learning for Content-based Personalized Viewport Prediction of 360-Degree VR Videos
Creators: name: Chen, Xinwei
name: Kasgari, Ali Taleb Zadeh
name: Saad, Walid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, the problem of head movement prediction for virtual reality videos is studied. In the considered model, a deep learning network is introduced to leverage position data as well as video frame content to predict future head movement. For optimizing data input into this neural network, data sample rate, reduced data, and long-period prediction length are also explored for this model. Simulation results show that the proposed approach yields 16.1\% improvement in terms of prediction accuracy compared to a baseline approach that relies only on the position data.
MODROL: an econometric model for analysing and forecasting the impact of the EU CAP instruments on Polish agriculture
Creators: name: Gadomski, Jan
name: Owsiński, Jan W.
name: Gadomski, Jan
name: Owsiński, Jan W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: macroeconomics
subject: modelling
subject: agriculture
subject: Poland
subject: CAP
subject: EU
subject: subsidies

description: The paper presents the general outline and the most important results from an econometric model MODROL, developed by the authors, for analyzing and forecasting the impact from the instruments of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Community on the Polish agricultural sector. The basic assumptions in constructing the model was that it be kept possibly simple and be based on empirical data rather than on some overall theoretical structure. The results reported show that there has indeed been a significant impact from CAP on those agricultural markets, for which statistically significant models could be identified (cereals, meat, with subdivisions). Yet, this impact is of quite a differentiated character. Summarising, two important conclusions were drawn: (1) due to CAP-related direct subsidies the revenues from farming have been considerably higher than without, which resulted in maintenance of farming activities within quite a proportion of farms and on quite a share of agricultural land; and (2) this increase of revenues was often associated with the increase of prices. The essential consequences of application the CAP instruments pertain then to: (i) preservation of farming activities, but also preservation of the largely noncompetitive and subsistence structures; (ii) while this might be seen as a by-product of effective “decoupling”, and, also in positive terms, as environmentally plausible, (iii) it certainly poses problems as to the true-to-life economic and social sustainability of farming, especially under changing conditions.
The Polish food sector in the first years of membership (Synthesis)
Creators: name: Urban, Roman
name: Szczepaniak, Iwona
name: Mroczek, Robert
name: Urban, Roman
name: Szczepaniak, Iwona
name: Mroczek, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: European Union
subject: Polish agriculture
subject: food industry
subject: common agricultural policy
subject: agricultural markets
subject: competitiveness
subject: food producers

description: The impact of integration into the European Union on Polish agriculture. The food industry during integration into the European Union. The impact of the common agricultural policy on agricultural markets. The competitiveness of Polish food producers after accession to the European Union.
On Detection of Black Hole Quasi-Normal Ringdowns: Detection Efficiency and Waveform Parameter Determination in Matched Filtering
Creators: name: Tsunesada, Yoshiki
name: Kanda, Nobuyuki
name: Nakano, Hiroyuki
name: Tatsumi, Daisuke
name: Ando, Masaki
name: Sasaki, Misao
name: Tagoshi, Hideyuki
name: Takahashi, Hirotaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational radiation from a slightly distorted black hole with ringdown waveform is well understood in general relativity. It provides a probe for direct observation of black holes and determination of their physical parameters, masses and angular momenta (Kerr parameters). For ringdown searches using data of gravitational wave detectors, matched filtering technique is useful. In this paper, we describe studies on problems in matched filtering analysis in realistic gravitational wave searches using observational data. Above all, we focus on template constructions, matches or signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), detection probabilities for Galactic events, and accuracies in evaluation of waveform parameters or black hole hairs. We have performed matched filtering analysis for artificial ringdown signals which are generated with Monte-Carlo technique and injected into the TAMA300 observational data. It is shown that with TAMA300 sensitivity, the detection probability for Galactic ringdown events is about 50% for black holes of masses greater than $20 M_{\odot}$ with SNR $> 10$. The accuracies in waveform parameter estimations are found to be consistent with the template spacings, and resolutions for black hole masses and the Kerr parameters are evaluated as a few % and $\sim 40 %$, respectively. They can be improved up to $< 0.9 %$ and $< 24 %$ for events of ${\rm SNR} \ge 10$ by using fine-meshed template bank in the hierarchical search strategy.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
HNV farming in the area of the Radan mountain and the role of agri-environment payments
Creators: name: Popović, Vesna
name: Vasiljević, Zorica
name: Bekić, Bojana
name: Popović, Vesna
name: Vasiljević, Zorica
name: Bekić, Bojana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: High Nature Value farming
subject: agri-environment payments
subject: sustainable rural development

description: EU CAP reform after 2013 envisages strengthening of agri-environment measures of support, tailored to local specificities, in particular HNV areas and Natura 2000 cites. Additional support would be directed to the development of local markets, promotion of quality local products (including organic) and regional development initiatives. Concept of high nature value farming (HNV farming) is interesting for Serbian agriculture, having in mind the vast areas of mountain pastures and meadows and numerous protected areas as well as the opportunity of using IPARD funds to pilot HNV farming support measures. The analysis of agricultural resources and biodiversity in the area of the Radan Mountain points out significant potentials for HNV farming, but also severe socio- economic and infrastructural constraints that lead to land abandonment and degradation of valuable natural resources. Agri-environment payments, in parallel with infrastructure and rural diversification support measures will contribute to economic viability of HNV farms and rural communities.
Additional file 1 of Community Vs. hospital HIV testing sites in Jerusalem, Israel - who’s tested and who’s at risk?
Creators: name: Atias, Dor
name: Levine, Hagai
name: Elinav, Hila
name: Haouzi-Bashan, Michele
name: Yotam Lior
name: Mor, Zohar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1 Table 1 Demographic and behavioral characteristics of individuals tested in the JOH* before the pricing policy change Vs. after the pricing policy change.
PSR 2303+30: A single system of drifting subpulses, moding and nulling
Creators: name: Redman, Stephen L.
name: Wright, Geoffrey A. E.
name: Rankin, Joanna M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analyses of multiple pulse sequences of B2303+30 reveal that this pulsar has two distinct emission modes. One mode (B) follows a steady even-odd pattern and is more intense. The second mode (Q) is characteristically weak, but has intermittent driftbands with a periodicity of approximately 3 P/cycles, and nulls much more frequently than the B mode. Both modes occur with roughly equal frequency and their profiles have a similar single-humped form with a slight asymmetry. Our observations and analyses strongly suggest that the subpulse driftrates in both modes are linked in a series of cycles, which can be modelled as relaxing oscillations in the underlying circulation rate.
description: 15 pages. 19 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Host-pathogen interplay : a study of factors applicable to the infection efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae to wireworms (Agriotes spp.) L.
Creators: name: Ericsson, Jerry Daniel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Wireworms have been a pest of agriculture crops in Canada for nearly 80 years. More recently the lack of pesticide control options have caused their threat to be serious. The insect pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch) Sorokin has been tested as a biocontrol for wireworm resulting in variable efficacy in both the field and laboratory. A series of tests were performed to determine the role of the wireworm immune system in this variability. All the major features of the invertebrate immune system were investigated before and after exposure to the fungus. Changes in hemocyte ratios and in the hemolymph protein concentration indicated that adverse health effects had occurred from the treatments, but otherwise no immune response was detected. Experiments were designed to test for interactions between combination treatments of M. anisopliae and three reduced risk pesticides; essential oil blend, halofenozide, and spinosad. A synergistic interaction was identified between spinosad and the fungus such that transmission of the disease was improved, and the total mortality was 2X greater than predicted when spinosad was at 3 ppm, and the fungus was at 10² conidia per gram sand. These results suggest that more sensitive tests are required to identify the immunological mechanisms that mediate the interplay between M. anisopliae and wireworms. This study has shown that combination treatments can be effective in improving transmission of a fungal disease, and that high mortality can be achieved without the use of traditional pesticides. Based on these results, it is suggested that field trials be tested to determine if a similar interaction would occur.