Tinadysderina Platnick & Berniker 2013, new genus
Creators: name: Platnick, Norman I.
name: Berniker, Lily
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Tinadysderina

description: Tinadysderina, new genus
TYPE SPECIES: Tinadysderina tinalandia, new species.
ETYMOLOGY: ffie generic name is derived from Tinalandia (one of the localities at which the genus occurs), refers to the tiny, weakly sclerotized embolus and the similarities to Dysderina, and is feminine in gender.
DIAGNOSIS: Members of this genus can easily be recognized by their unique palpal morphology, with a tiny, weakly sclerotized, bifid embolus; the female genitalia have a strong, transverse, internal sclerite.
DESCRIPTION: Total length of males 1.6–2.4, of females 1.4–2.4. Carapace, sternum, mouthparts, abdominal scuta, legs orange-brown, without pattern; abdomen soft portions white, without pattern. Cephalothorax: Carapace broadly oval in dorsal view, anteriorly narrowed to 0.49 times its maximum width or less, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, anterolateral corners with strongly sclerotized, triangular extension, pars thoracica with rounded posterolateral corners, without depressions or radiating rows of pits, posterolateral edge without pits, posterior margin not bulging below posterior rim, posterolateral surface without spikes; surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica appearing slightly granulate because of elevated setal bases (fig. 147, 177), sides granulate (figs. 148, 178); fovea absent, lateral margin straight, rebordered, with blunt denticles; plumose setae near posterior margin of pars thoracica absent; marginal, nonmarginal pars cephalica, pars thoracica setae light, needlelike, scattered. Clypeus margin strongly rebordered, sinuous in front view (figs. 149, 179), vertical in lateral view, high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more, median projection present, formed by fused small, triangular chilum; setae light, needlelike. Eyes six, well developed, ALE largest, oval, PME squared, PLE oval; posterior eye row recurved from above, procurved from front; ALE separated by more or less than their radius in males, by their radius to diameter in females, ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PME touching throughout most of their length, PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius. Sternum wider than long, not fused to carapace, surface coarsely reticulate, without pits, microsculpture present everywhere but front, median concavity, hair tufts both absent, radial furrows present between coxae I–II, II–III, III–IV, furrows smooth, radial furrow opposite coxae III absent, sickle-shaped structures absent, anterior margin with continuous transverse groove; posterior margin not extending posteriorly of coxae IV but with posterior hump, anterior corner unmodified, lateral margins with infracoxal grooves bearing anterior, posterior openings, distance between coxae approximately equal, extensions of precoxal triangles absent, lateral margins with bridges to coxae; setae sparse, dark, needlelike, densest laterally, usually originating from surface, but some originating from tuberculate bases; surface apparently with three transverse ridges, sometimes incomplete at middle, but at least in T. tinalandia ridges actually formed by deep channels (figs. 157, 187). Chelicerae slightly divergent, anterior face with swelling, promargin with one large tooth, retromargin without teeth but with scaly cuticle (figs. 150, 151, 180, 181); fangs without toothlike projections, directed medially, shape normal, without prominent basal process, tip unmodified; setae dark, needlelike, densest medially; paturon inner margin with scattered setae, distal region, posterior surface both unmodified, promargin with row of flattened setae, laminate groove absent. Labium triangular (widened in T. pereira), not fused to sternum, anterior margin indented at middle, same as sternum in sclerotization; with six or more setae on anterior margin, pair of larger setae situated near anterolateral corners (figs. 152, 182). Endites same as sternum in sclerotization, distally not excavated, serrula apparently absent (figs. 153, 183); male endites with anterior part highly modified, sometimes with possible glandular openings (figs. 152, 214, 226), posteromedian part unmodified. Female palp without claw or spines; tibia with three trichobothria (fig. 186), patella without posterior row of ridges, tarsus elongate (figs. 184, 185). Abdomen: Ovoid, without long posterior extension, rounded posteriorly, interscutal membrane without rows of small sclerotized platelets. Booklung covers large, ovoid, without setae, anterolateral edge unmodified; both posterior and anterior spiracles con- nected by groove, posterior groove continued beyond spiracles toward lateral edge of postepigastric scutum. Pedicel tube medium, ribbed, scutopedicel region unmodified, scutum extending far dorsal of pedicel, plumose hairs, matted setae on anterior ventral abdomen in pedicel area, cuticular outgrowths near pedicel all absent. Dorsal scutum strongly sclerotized, in males covering full length of abdomen, no soft tissue visible from above, not fused to epigastric scutum, in females sometimes covering less than full length, width of abdomen, sometimes fused to epigastric scutum, in both sexes middle surface smooth, sides smooth, anterior half without projecting denticles. Epigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, surrounding pedicel, not protruding, small lateral sclerites absent, without lateral joints in females. Postepigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, fused to epigastric scutum in males, separate or fused in females, anterior margin unmodified, with short, posteriorly directed lateral apodemes, in males extending to nearly full length of abdomen, shorter in some females. Spinneret scutum usually present as sizable, incomplete ring with fringe of long setae (figs. 251, 263) but reduced or absent in T. pereira (fig. 275); supraanal scutum absent. Abdominal setae light, needlelike, epigastric area setae not basally thickened; dense patch of setae anterior to spinnerets absent; interscutal membrane with setae. Colulus present, tiny, with pair of setae. Anterior lateral spinnerets bisegmented, basal segment without oblique membranous strip (figs. 158, 188), posterior medians unisegmented, posterior laterals bisegmented; spigots scanned only in T. tinalandia, anterior laterals with one major ampullate gland spigot and four piriform gland spigots in males (fig. 159), six in females (fig. 189), posterior medians of males with one long and three shorter spigots (fig. 160), of females with three medially situated and eight laterally situated spigots (fig. 190), posterior laterals of males with five spigots (fig. 161), of females with three medially situated and eight laterally situated spigots (fig. 191). Legs: Femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I–III, patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace, tibia I unmodified, tibia IV specialized hairs on ventral apex, ventral scopula both absent, metatarsi I, II mesoapical comb absent, metatarsi III, IV weak ventral scopula absent. Leg spines present on anterior femora, tibiae, metatarsi. Tarsi without inferior claw. Superior claws scanned only in T. tinalandia, usually with three or four large teeth situated basally on outer margins, one or two longer teeth distally on inner margins of males (figs. 163–170), three or four on inner margins of females (figs. 194– 201). Trichobothrial base with one transverse ridge situated at edge of opening (fig. 171). Tarsal organs (scanned only in adults of T. tinalandia and a juvenile of T. bremen) with three receptors on legs I, II, two on legs III, IV, palps (figs. 172–176, 202–206). Genitalia: Male epigastric region with sperm pore small, situated between anterior and posterior spiracles, rebordered (fig. 162); furrow without Ω-shaped insertions, without specialized setae. Male palp of normal size, not strongly sclerotized, right and left palps mirror images, proximal segments, cymbium, bulb yellow; embolus light, prolateral excavation absent; trochanter of normal size, unmodified; femur dorsoventrally enlarged, two or more times as long as trochanter (figs. 154, 155), without posteriorly rounded lateral dilation, attaching to patella basally; patella shorter than femur, not enlarged, without prolateral row of ridges, setae unmodified; tibia with three trichobothria (fig. 156); cymbium ovoid in dorsal view, completely fused with bulb, no seam visible, extending beyond distal tip of bulb, plumose setae, stout setae, distal patch of setae all absent; bulb shorter than cymbium, slender, elongated. Embolus weakly sclerotized, bifid. Female genitalia with distinct atrium (fig. 192), internally with strong transverse sclerite (fig. 193), anterior genitalic process short, without lateral extensions.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the western slopes of the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador.
description: Published as part of Platnick, Norman I. & Berniker, Lily, 2013, ffie South American Goblin Spiders of the New Genera Pseudodysderina and Tinadysderina (Araneae, Oonopidae), pp. 1-44 in American Museum Novitates 2013 (3787) on pages 21-27, DOI: 10.1206/3776.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4565956