cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Self- and Peer-Assessment of Speaking
Creators: name: Joo, Soo Hyoung
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2016

description: The research on the second language (L2) speaking assessment has been predominantly concerned with formal proficiency tests. However, with a growing interest in learning-oriented assessment (LOA), more researchers are interested in learner involvement in speaking assessment (Blanche & Merino, 1989; Luoma, 2004; Ocarson, 1989). Self- and peer-assessment of speaking, where learners evaluate the performance of their own and their peers, can be an exemplar of assessment with its primary purpose on learning (Chen, 2006, 2008; Ibersson, 2012; Saito, 2008; Topping & Ehly, 1998). Depending on the purpose, self- and peer-assessment can take various forms: a questionnaire on general speaking ability, a learning log for metacognitive reflection, or a classroom activity where learners use the same rating criteria as their teachers (Bachman & Palmer, 1989; Chen, 2008, Rivers, 2001).
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 16 No. 2 (2016)
Quantum Computation for Periodic Solids in Second Quantization
Creators: name: Ivanov, Aleksei V.
name: Sünderhauf, Christoph
name: Holzmann, Nicole
name: Ellaby, Tom
name: Kerber, Rachel N.
name: Jones, Glenn
name: Camps, Joan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present a quantum algorithm for ground-state energy calculations of periodic solids on error-corrected quantum computers. The algorithm is based on the sparse qubitization approach in second quantization and developed for Bloch and Wannier basis sets. We show that Wannier functions require less computational resources with respect to Bloch functions because: (i) the L$_1$ norm of the Hamiltonian is considerably lower and (ii) the translational symmetry of Wannier functions can be exploited in order to reduce the amount of classical data that must be loaded into the quantum computer. The resource requirements of the quantum algorithm are estimated for periodic solids such as NiO and PdO. These transition metal oxides are industrially relevant for their catalytic properties. We find that ground-state energy estimation of Hamiltonians approximated using 200--900 spin orbitals requires {\it ca.}~$10{}^{10}$--$10^{12}$ T gates and up to $3\cdot10^8$ physical qubits for a physical error rate of $0.1\%$.
description: Published in Physical Review Research 23 March 2023
Gravitational Dual of Tachyon Condensation
Creators: name: Gibbons, Gary W.
name: Hashimoto, Koji
name: Hirano, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a system of N D3-branes in which open string tachyons survive in the low energy alpha' -> 0 limit. We compute the height of the tachyon potential both in the weak and strong couplings by using N=4 super Yang-Mills and the dual AdS_5 descriptions respectively. We find an exact agreement between the two descriptions in the large N limit. This provides an example of gravitational duals of open string tachyon condensation.
description: 4 pages, v2: references and footnotes added
Readers' Credits for Volume 16, Issue 2
Creators: name: Seong, Yuna
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2016

description: Teachers College, Columbia University Working Papers in TESOL & Applied Linguistics would like to thank the following individuals for reviewing the contributions for Volume 16, Issue 2 (2016).
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 16 No. 2 (2016)
How to descend a rocky slope : numerical techniques for the solution of noisy optimization problems
Creators: name: Irwin, Brian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The goal of this thesis is to develop new numerical techniques for the solution of noisy optimization problems. Noisy optimization problems occur in diverse fields, such as engineering design, machine learning, operations research, and geophysics. Thus, effective numerical techniques for solving noisy optimization problems are of practical interest in a variety of industrial applications. This thesis presents three numerical techniques for solving noisy optimization problems: Secant penalized Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (SP-BFGS), Neural Network Accelerated Implicit Filtering (NNAIF), and Linear Model Based Gradient Estimation (LMBGE). SP-BFGS is a new variant of the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) quasi-Newton method designed to perform well when gradient measurements are corrupted by noise. SP-BFGS provides a means of incrementally updating the new inverse Hessian approximation with a controlled amount of bias towards the previous inverse Hessian approximation, which allows one to replace the overwriting nature of the original BFGS update with an averaging nature that resists the destructive effects of noise and can cope with negative curvature measurements. I study the theoretical and empirical behaviour of SP-BFGS in this thesis. NNAIF intelligently combines the established literature on implicit filtering (IF) optimization methods with a neural network surrogate model of the objective function, resulting in accelerated derivative free methods for unconstrained optimization problems. I show that NNAIF directly inherits the convergence properties of IF optimization methods, and study the performance of NNAIF via numerical experiments with noisy problems from the Constrained and Unconstrained Testing Environment with safe threads (CUTEst) optimization benchmark set. LMBGE leverages techniques from linear inverse problems to estimate the gradient of a noisy objective function, and can be viewed as a noise robust extension of standard finite difference based approaches for gradient estimation. I demonstrate the use of LMBGE in the solution of the coverage directed generation (CDG) problem, an industrial problem encountered in the verification subfield of electrical and computer engineering.
title: Arctic Report Card 2020: Wildland Fire in High Northern Latitudes
Creators: name: York, Alison
name: Bhatt, U. S.
name: Gargulinski, E.
name: Grabinski, Z.
name: Jain, P.
name: Soja, A.
name: Thoman, R. L.
name: Ziel, R.
name: Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy (U.S.)
name: International Arctic Research Center
name: United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
name: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (Fort Collins, Colo.)
Publisher: name: Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy (U.S.) International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (Fort Collins, Colo.)
Year: 2020

description: Arctic Report Card
Projected Hybrid Density Functionals: Method and Application to Core Electron Ionization
Creators: name: Janesko, Benjamin G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents a new class of hybrid density functional theory (DFT) approximations, incorporating nonlocal exact exchange in predefined states such as core atomic orbitals (AOs). These projected hybrid density functionals are a flexible generalization of range-separated hybrids. This work derives projected hybrids using the Adiabatic Projection formalism. One projects the electron-electron interaction operator onto the chosen predefined states, reintroduces the projected operator into the noninteracting Kohn-Sham reference system, and introduces a density functional approximation for the remaining electron-electron interactions. Projected hybrids are readily implemented existing density functional codes, requiring only a projection of the one-electron density matrices and exchange operators entering existing routines. This work also presents a first application: a core-projected Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof hybrid PBE0c70, in which the fraction of nonlocal exact exchange is increased from 25% to 70% in core AOs. Automatic selection of the projected AOs provides a black-box model chemistry appropriate for both core and valence electron properties. PBE0c70 predicts core orbital energies that accurately recover core-electron binding energies of second- and third-row elements, without degrading PBE0's good performance for valence-electron properties.
Gender Animus Can Still Exist Under Favorable Disparate Impact: a Cautionary Tale from Online P2P Lending
Creators: name: Shen, Xudong
name: Tan, Tianhui
name: Phan, Tuan Q.
name: Keppo, Jussi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper investigates gender discrimination and its underlying drivers on a prominent Chinese online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platform. While existing studies on P2P lending focus on disparate treatment (DT), DT narrowly recognizes direct discrimination and overlooks indirect and proxy discrimination, providing an incomplete picture. In this work, we measure a broadened discrimination notion called disparate impact (DI), which encompasses any disparity in the loan's funding rate that does not commensurate with the actual return rate. We develop a two-stage predictor substitution approach to estimate DI from observational data. Our findings reveal (i) female borrowers, given identical actual return rates, are 3.97% more likely to receive funding, (ii) at least 37.1% of this DI favoring female is indirect or proxy discrimination, and (iii) DT indeed underestimates the overall female favoritism by 44.6%. However, we also identify the overall female favoritism can be explained by one specific discrimination driver, rational statistical discrimination, wherein investors accurately predict the expected return rate from imperfect observations. Furthermore, female borrowers still require 2% higher expected return rate to secure funding, indicating another driver taste-based discrimination co-exists and is against female. These results altogether tell a cautionary tale: on one hand, P2P lending provides a valuable alternative credit market where the affirmative action to support female naturally emerges from the rational crowd; on the other hand, while the overall discrimination effect (both in terms of DI or DT) favors female, concerning taste-based discrimination can persist and can be obscured by other co-existing discrimination drivers, such as statistical discrimination.
description: published at FAccT'23
Une nouvelle preuve du theoreme de point fixe de Handel
Creators: name: Calvez, Patrice Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B20, 37C25, 37E30, 37E45, 37J10

description: M Handel has proved in [Topology 38 (1999) 235--264] a fixed point theorem for an orientation preserving homeomorphism of the open unit disk, that may be extended to the closed disk and that satisfies a linking property of orbits. We give here a new proof of Handel's fixed point theorem, based on Brouwer theory and some plane topology arguments. We will slightly improve the theorem by proving the existence of a simple closed curve of index 1. This index result was known to be true under an additional hypothesis and has been used by different authors (J Franks [NYJM 2 (1996) 1--19, Trans.AMS 348 (1996) 2637--2662] S Matsumoto [Topol. Appl. 104 (2000) 191--214]) to study homeomorphisms of surfaces.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology on 8 December 2006
Quantitative genetics of complex traits: solutions for studying the genetic basis of variation in yeast
Creators: name: Hu, Yue
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Recent advances in high-throughput techniques for DNA sequencing and phenotyping have greatly facilitated the identification of genetic variants underlying traits at a genomewide level. In this study, a large amount of yeast genetic resources and phenotypic data were collected for the study of natural genetic variation in yeast under different environment conditions. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and epistasis analysis have been applied to Saccharomyces cerevisiae on 6 groups of 1st generation bi-parental inter-cross segregants and 12th generation multiparental high resolution segregants. Using yeast as model organism, growth under stress conditions of a variety of conventional genotoxic agents was measured. Different QTLs were mapped to causative genes that are related to DNA repair and protein transport. In addition, by comparing the genes identified under 19 different agents, 14 frequently occurring genes producing effect on the growth of yeast, were further analysed. QTL output was clustered through a changepoint model for improving the selection of candidate genes in large gene sets. Furthermore, Temporal QTL analysis was applied to study the dynamic development of yeast growth under X-ray irradiation that expands the phenotype in the time dimension. By comparing the QTL in different time spans, genes that only exhibit effects for a certain period of time rather than continuously through, or at the end of, the experiment were found. One of the major industrial applications of yeast is brewing. In this project, whole genome sequencing analysis were performed on a highly diverse 12th generation de novo hybrid population. Variant calling was applied for these pool sequencing and identification of genetic variants. Pool QTL analysis was applied to compare the allele frequency difference of extreme pools under the same condition. Multiple QTL intervals responding to the brewing environment were identified. This provides useful genetic insights for brewing yeast breeding and improvement.
Assessing English Language Learners: Bridges to Educational Equity: Connecting Academic Language Proficiency to Student Achievement
Creators: name: Erdogan, Nabat
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2016

description: Assessing English Language Learners: Bridges to Educational Equity: Connecting Academic Language Proficiency to Student Achievement is a comprehensive resource that intends to build bridges that promote educational equity, particularly in the areas of instruction and assessment. The book consists of two parts each of which includes four chapters. Part I, entitled “Assessment as a Context for Teaching and Learning: Bridges to Equity,” focuses on the issues of equity concerning the assessment of language learners, more specifically, English Language Learners (ELLs). The author lists educators and their primary instructional and assessment responsibilities for the education of language learners, which can serve as a useful guide in determining the varied expectations from different educators in regard to their contribution to comprehensive services for ELLs. Gottlieb describes linguistically and culturally responsive classrooms and schools, and asserts that establishing a responsive learning environment is the only way to optimize learning opportunities and to effectively and equally serve the increasingly heterogeneous U.S. public school student population.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 16 No. 2 (2016)
The Calibration of Monochromatic Far-Infrared Star Formation Rate Indicators
Creators: name: Calzetti, D.
name: Wu, S. -Y.
name: Hong, S.
name: Kennicutt, R. C.
name: Lee, J. C.
name: Dale, D. A.
name: Engelbracht, C. W.
name: van Zee, L.
name: Draine, B. T.
name: Hao, C. -N.
name: Gordon, K. D.
name: Moustakas, J.
name: Murphy, E. J.
name: Regan, M.
name: Begum, A.
name: Block, M.
name: Dalcanton, J.
name: Funes, J.
name: de Paz, A. Gil
name: Johnson, B.
name: Sakai, S.
name: Skillman, E.
name: Walter, F.
name: Weisz, D.
name: Williams, B.
name: Wu, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Spitzer data at 24, 70, and 160 micron and ground-based H-alpha images are analyzed for a sample of 189 nearby star-forming and starburst galaxies to investigate whether reliable star formation rate (SFR) indicators can be defined using the monochromatic infrared dust emission centered at 70 and 160 micron. We compare recently published recipes for SFR measures using combinations of the 24 micron and observed H-alpha luminosities with those using 24 micron luminosity alone. From these comparisons, we derive a reference SFR indicator for use in our analysis. Linear correlations between SFR and the 70 and 160 micron luminosity are found for L(70)>=1.4x10^{42} erg/s and L(160)>=2x10^{42} erg/s, corresponding to SFR>=0.1-0.3 M_sun/yr. Below those two luminosity limits, the relation between SFR and 70 micron (160 micron) luminosity is non-linear and SFR calibrations become problematic. The dispersion of the data around the mean trend increases for increasing wavelength, becoming about 25% (factor ~2) larger at 70 (160) micron than at 24 micron. The increasing dispersion is likely an effect of the increasing contribution to the infrared emission of dust heated by stellar populations not associated with the current star formation. The non-linear relation between SFR and the 70 and 160 micron emission at faint galaxy luminosities suggests that the increasing transparency of the interstellar medium, decreasing effective dust temperature, and decreasing filling factor of star forming regions across the galaxy become important factors for decreasing luminosity. The SFR calibrations are provided for galaxies with oxygen abundance 12+Log(O/H)>8.1. At lower metallicity the infrared luminosity no longer reliably traces the SFR because galaxies are less dusty and more transparent.
description: 69 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication on ApJ
Absence of edge reconstruction for quantum Hall edge channels in graphene devices
Creators: name: Coissard, Alexis
name: Grushin, Adolfo G.
name: Repellin, Cécile
name: Veyrat, Louis
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Gay, Frédéric
name: Courtois, Hervé
name: Sellier, Hermann
name: Sacépé, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic edge states in topological insulators have become a major paradigm in physics. The oldest and primary example is that of quantum Hall (QH) edge channels that propagate along the periphery of two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) under perpendicular magnetic field. Yet, despite 40 years of intensive studies using a variety of transport and scanning probe techniques, imaging the real-space structure of QH edge channels has proven difficult, mainly due to the buried nature of most 2DEGs in semiconductors. Here, we show that QH edge states in graphene are confined to a few magnetic lengths at the crystal edges by performing scanning tunneling spectroscopy up to the edge of a graphene flake on hexagonal boron nitride. These findings indicate that QH edge states are defined by boundary conditions of vanishing electronic wavefunctions at the crystal edges, resulting in ideal one-dimensional chiral channels, free of electrostatic reconstruction. We further evidence a uniform charge carrier density at the edges, contrasting with conjectures on the existence of non-topological upstream modes. The absence of electrostatic reconstruction of quantum Hall edge states has profound implications for the universality of electron and heat transport experiments in graphene-based systems and other 2D crystalline materials.
description: New theoretical simulations of the tunneling DOS added
Integrability and the variational formulation of non-conservative mechanical systems
Creators: name: Delphenich, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that one can obtain canonically-defined dynamical equations for non-conservative mechanical systems by starting with a first variation functional, instead of an action functional, and finding their zeroes. The kernel of the first variation functional, as an integral functional, is a 1-form on the manifold of kinematical states, which then represents the dynamical state of the system. If the 1-form is exact then the first variation functional is associated with the first variation of an action functional in the usual manner. The dynamical equations then follow from the vanishing of the dual of the Spencer operator that acts on the dynamical state. This operator, in turn, relates to the integrability of the kinematical states. The method is applied to the modeling of damped oscillators.
description: 16 pages. Accepted by Ann. Phys. (Leipzig)
EFFECTIVENESS OF KNOWING FOREIGN LANGUAGES   IN LEADERSHIP ACTIVITIES.
Creators: name: Nurmatova, Maftuna
name: Qosimov, Abdulaziz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Today, many experts agree that learning at least one other foreign language has many advantages not only for the individual who seeks to learn it, but also for the society of which he is a member. The article focuses on some important qualities of a leader and offers suggestions on how to develop them in English, French or German language learners. We believe that knowing a foreign language will help leaders to develop much-needed leadership qualities such as flexibility, open-mindedness, good teamwork, good listening and good communication skills. Without these qualities, it will be very difficult for them to work not only in the international environment, but also in the national environment.
Quark Mass Dependence of Hadron Spectrum in Holographic QCD
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Koji
name: Hirayama, Takayuki
name: Hong, Deog Ki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute a shift of baryon mass spectra due to quark masses in perturbation, in Sakai-Sugimoto model of holographic QCD. We find the shift for the ground state nucleons to be δM = 4.1 m_π^2 [GeV^{-1}], which is consistent with the current lattice QCD result. We predict the same value of the shift for N(1535) and Delta, while a larger value 7.7 m_π^2 [GeV^{-1}] for Roper N(1440). We also present some evidences that the shifts of the vector meson masses are suppressed in the large 't Hooft coupling limit.
description: 20 pages, v2: matching with lattice data updated for Delta, references added
Navigating Collaboration: A Multimodal Analysis of Turn-Taking in Co-teaching
Creators: name: King, Allie Hope
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2016

description: In a number of educational contexts, it is common for two or more teachers to co-teach, or collaborate on-site together in a classroom. Despite the popularity of this arrangement, the body of discourse-analytic literature on co-teaching remains small. A good number of the studies that have been done have analyzed the participation structures of the collaborative interaction, examining the nuanced ways the teachers participate in and adhere to various aspects of turn-taking protocols while teaching (Bloome, Carter, Christian, Otto & Shuart-Faris, 2005). In the English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom, where a native English-speaking teacher and a local English teacher co-teach, a handful of studies (e.g., Butterfield & Bhatta, 2015; Lee, 2016; Luo, 2013) have looked at how two instructors navigate the well-known Initiation-Response-Feedback (IRF) sequence. This work has shown that the collaboration can add both complexity and versatility to the ways IRF unfolds. Other work looking at interaction between novice teachers paired with expert cooperating teachers (e.g., Roth, Tobin, Carambo and Dalland, 2005) has revealed that two instructors can make use of spatial resources to facilitate more seamless turn-taking.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 16 No. 2 (2016)
Scale-Based Gaussian Coverings: Combining Intra and Inter Mixture Models in Image Segmentation
Creators: name: Murtagh, Fionn
name: Contreras, Pedro
name: Starck, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.6

description: By a "covering" we mean a Gaussian mixture model fit to observed data. Approximations of the Bayes factor can be availed of to judge model fit to the data within a given Gaussian mixture model. Between families of Gaussian mixture models, we propose the Rényi quadratic entropy as an excellent and tractable model comparison framework. We exemplify this using the segmentation of an MRI image volume, based (1) on a direct Gaussian mixture model applied to the marginal distribution function, and (2) Gaussian model fit through k-means applied to the 4D multivalued image volume furnished by the wavelet transform. Visual preference for one model over another is not immediate. The Rényi quadratic entropy allows us to show clearly that one of these modelings is superior to the other.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Effective model for pure Yang-Mills theory on $\mathbb{T}^2\times \mathbb{R}^2$ with Polyakov loops
Creators: name: Suenaga, Daiki
name: Kitazawa, Masakiyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phase diagram and thermodynamics of $SU(N)$ pure Yang-Mills theory on a manifold $\mathbb{T}^2\times \mathbb{R}^2$ with an effective model that includes two Polyakov loops along two compactified directions. We find that a rich phase structure can appear owing to the spontaneous breaking of two center symmetries for $N=2$ and $3$. Thermodynamic quantities are obtained in the model and compared with recent lattice results. It is shown that two Polyakov loops play significant roles in thermodynamics on $\mathbb{T}^2\times \mathbb{R}^2$.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Microscopic imaging homogeneous and single phase superfluid density in UTe$_2$
Creators: name: Iguchi, Yusuke
name: Man, Huiyuan
name: Thomas, S. M.
name: Ronning, Filip
name: Rosa, Priscila F. S.
name: Moler, Kathryn A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-triplet superconductor UTe$_2$ shows spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking and multiple superconducting phases in some crystals, implying chiral superconductivity. Here we microscopically image the local magnetic fields and magnetic susceptibility near the surface of UTe$_2$, observing a homogeneous superfluid density $n_s$ and homogeneous pinned vortices. The temperature dependence of $n_s$ is consistent with an anisotropic gap and shows no evidence for an additional kink that would be expected at any second phase transition. Our findings are consistent with a dominant $B_{3u}$ superconducting order parameter in the case of a quasi-2D Fermi surface and provide no evidence for multiple phase transitions in $n_s(T)$ in UTe$_2$.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures
Longitudinal relaxation dynamics in white matter : experiments in NMR and MRI
Creators: name: Reynolds, Luke Alan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: MRI-based assessments of the human brain are critical for research, diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. Future clinical practice will demand accurate and consistent quantitative methodology alongside today’s qualitative image evaluations. Consequently, MRI research focuses on developing physical understanding of prevalent techniques and establishing new methods for efficient quantitative analysis. The brain’s complex structure complicates this goal. Myelin, a lipid-rich tissue aiding in signal transmission along axons in white matter, creates useful image contrast but also complicates the interpretation of measurements using canonical models. In this dissertation, we conduct experiments using solid-state NMR and in vivo MRI to examine assumptions in current MRI methods leading to potential quantitative errors. We propose improvements to these methods and an adaptation to an existing model. A straightforward yet effective view of white matter is to separate proton populations into two pools, aqueous and non-aqueous, between which protons, and therefore magnetization, can exchange. This transfer can significantly affect the measured longitudinal relaxation (T₁) depending on the preparation of each pool. First, we study the impact of adiabatic inversion pulses applied to white matter through NMR experiments on ex vivo brain samples and then compare these results to analogous in vivo experiments. We demonstrate that, contrary to common assumption, the non-aqueous pool is not saturated by typical adiabatic inversion pulses, although the aqueous pool is fully inverted, which results in bi-exponential longitudinal recovery. We compare this relaxation to that following hard and selective pulses, which are understood to result in mono- and bi-exponential recovery, respectively. Next, we perform NMR experiments on ex vivo brain samples using hard and selective pulses to initiate magnetization transfer demonstrating similar T₁ biasing effects during Look-Locker and Variable Flip Angle sequences. We evaluate sources of systematic error pertinent to MRI applications. Finally, we modify the canonical Bloch-McConnell equations describing two-pool relaxation to incorporate fractional-order derivatives. We examine a numerical solution and provide an approximate analytical solution, which we use to model inversion recovery in heterogenous model systems, ex vivo, and in vivo brain. An additional fit parameter is introduced which may be used as a new contrast source.
KeV right-handed neutrinos from type II seesaw mechanism in a 3-3-1 model
Creators: name: Cogollo, D.
name: Diniz, H.
name: Pires, C. A. de S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We adapt the type II seesaw mechanism to the framework of the 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos. We emphasize that the mechanism is capable of generating small masses for the left-handed and right-handed neutrinos and the structure of the model allows that both masses arise from the same Yukawa coupling. For typical values of the free parameters of the model we may obtain at least one right-handed neutrino with mass in the KeV range. Right-handed neutrino with mass in this range is a viable candidate for the warm component of the dark matter existent in the universe.
description: About 10 pages, no figures
Additional file 1 of Engineering exosomes derived from subcutaneous fat MSCs specially promote cartilage repair as miR-199a-3p delivery vehicles in Osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Zhao, Shu
name: Xiu, Guanghui
name: Wang, Jian
name: Wen, Yi
name: Lu, Jinyuan
name: Wu, Baitong
name: Wang, Guangming
name: Yang, Danjing
name: Ling, Bin
name: Du, Dajiang
name: Xu, Jun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The treatment effect of MHY1485 on cell viability of rat chondrocytes. A CCK-8 assay. Dosage effect with the treatment of MHY1485 at 25, 50, 100, 200 and 500 μmol/L concentration on cell viability of rat chondrocytes with 12h. B CCK-8 assay. Time effect with the treatment of MHY1485 at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 h on cell viability of rat chondrocytes with a concentration of 50 μmol/L. The data are shown as the mean ± standard error (SEM), N = 3. * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.001, ns not significant. Figure S2. Quantification of the loading efficiency of different ExosSC preparations using electroporation.
Quantum Memories. A Review based on the European Integrated Project "Qubit Applications (QAP)"
Creators: name: Simon, C.
name: Afzelius, M.
name: Appel, J.
name: de la Giroday, A. Boyer
name: Dewhurst, S. J.
name: Gisin, N.
name: Hu, C. Y.
name: Jelezko, F.
name: Kroll, S.
name: Muller, J. H.
name: Nunn, J.
name: Polzik, E.
name: Rarity, J.
name: de Riedmatten, H.
name: Rosenfeld, W.
name: Shields, A. J.
name: Skold, N.
name: Stevenson, R. M.
name: Thew, R.
name: Walmsley, I.
name: Weber, M.
name: Weinfurter, H.
name: Wrachtrup, J.
name: Young, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a review of various approaches to the implementation of quantum memories, with an emphasis on activities within the quantum memory sub-project of the EU Integrated Project "Qubit Applications". We begin with a brief overview over different applications for quantum memories and different types of quantum memories. We discuss the most important criteria for assessing quantum memory performance and the most important physical requirements. Then we review the different approaches represented in "Qubit Applications" in some detail. They include solid-state atomic ensembles, NV centers, quantum dots, single atoms, atomic gases and optical phonons in diamond. We compare the different approaches using the discussed criteria.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures
Characterising the unique role of Grainyhead-like 3 in neural tube closure
Creators: name: DENG, ZIHAO
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310503
subject: Developmental genetics (incl. sex determination)

description: Neural tube closure is a dynamic, complex developmental process. Its failure causes neural tube defects. The gene Grhl3 is indispensable for this process, however, the mechanisms by which it induces neural tube closure remain unclear. Through single-cell RNA-sequencing and mouse models, we identified that a previously unrecognised Grhl3-expressing novel progenitor population is the actual cell cohort responsible for inducing neural tube closure. We also found that neural tube closure in animals lacking Grhl3 becomes more susceptible to perturbation of retinoic acid signalling, providing new insights into the complexities of the interplay between retinoic acid signalling and Grhl3-induced neurulation.
Co-teachers’ Coordinated Gestures as Resources for Giving Instructions in the EFL Classroom
Creators: name: Song, Gahye
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2016

description: Giving instructions for a classroom activity can be a tricky business in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom, especially when the students’ proficiency level is low and the instruction is composed of multiple steps. Teachers may depend on linguistic resources only so far as students can understand the words and grammar used, which limits the scope of verbal communication in giving instructions. When an instruction is composed of multiple steps, signaling when to carry out an individual component in the instruction may also require additional interactional work. Gesture as a component of classroom management technique, e.g., regulating turn-taking traffic between a teacher’s instruction-giving and students’ response production, has rarely been discussed in the literature so far. This short analysis illustrates one way through which two co-teachers signal the completion of instruction-giving and elicit students’ response to the instruction (i.e., compliance). It will be shown that co-teachers’ simultaneous gesturing, with or without accompanying verbal instruction, adds clarity to the instruction as something to be responded to immediately.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 16 No. 2 (2016)
Gauge coupling unification, the GUT scale, and magic fields
Creators: name: Calibbi, L.
name: Ferretti, L.
name: Romanino, A.
name: Ziegler, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider field sets that do not form complete SU(5) multiplets, but exactly preserve the one-loop MSSM prediction for $α_3(M_Z)$ independently of the value of their mass. Such fields can raise the unification scale in different ways, through a delayed convergence of the gauge couplings, a fake unified running below the GUT scale, or a postponed unification after a hoax crossing at a lower scale. The $α_3(M_Z)$ prediction is independent of the mass of the new fields, while the GUT scale often is not, which allows to vary the GUT scale. Such "magic" fields represent a useful tool in GUT model building. For example, they can be used to fix gauge coupling unification in certain two step breakings of the unified group, to suppress large KK thresholds in models with extra dimensions, or they can be interpreted as messengers of supersymmetry breaking in GMSB models.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures. Typos corrected in text and equations, reference added
Signaling Learner Stance through Multimodal Resources
Creators: name: Tadic, Nadja
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2016

description: Stance refers to a display of a socially recognized epistemic or affective attitude toward a referent or proposition (Ochs, 1993). Although this display of attitude can be performed linguistically, paralinguistically, and non-verbally (Du Bois, 2007), it has primarily been explored in terms of linguistic strategies (use of reference terms, constructed dialogue, repetition, etc.) that can contribute to the process of socialization and the expression and construction of sociocultural identities and relationships. Gordon (2004), for instance, showed how members of one family socialized each other and constructed a shared identity as Democrats by using referring terms, repetition, narratives, constructed dialogue, and laughter to express positive and negative stances toward presidential candidates in the 2000 U.S. elections. Damari (2010) demonstrated how, during an interview, a married couple used constructed dialogue, constructed stance, verb tense, and adverbials to express their own and each other’s stances and thus construct divergent identities related to their cultural differences. And in her analysis of interviews with members of a Jewish community in Philadelphia, Schiffrin (1984) found that, by expressing divergent stances or disagreements, her participants actually signaled closeness and solidarity.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 16 No. 2 (2016)
Two-loop RG functions of the massive $ϕ^4$ field theory in general dimensions
Creators: name: Shpot, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-loop Feynman integrals of the massive $ϕ^4_d$ field theory are explicitly obtained for generic space dimensions $d$. Corresponding renormalization-group functions are expressed in a compact form in terms of Gauss hypergeometric functions. A number of interesting and useful relations is given for these integrals as well as for several special mathematical functions and constants.
description: 13 pages
Accelerating the assembly of defect-free atomic arrays with maximum parallelisms
Creators: name: Wang, Shuai
name: Zhang, Wenjun
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Mei, Shuyao
name: Wang, Yuqing
name: Hu, Jiazhong
name: Chen, Wenlan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Defect-free atomic arrays have been demonstrated as a scalable and fully-controllable platform for quantum simulations and quantum computations. To push the qubit size limit of this platform further, we design an integrated measurement and feedback system, based on field programmable gate array (FPGA), to quickly assemble two-dimensional defect-free atomic array using maximum parallelisms. The total time cost of the rearrangement is first reduced by processing atom detection, atomic occupation analysis, rearrangement strategy formulation, and acousto-optic deflectors (AOD) driving signal generation in parallel in time. Then, by simultaneously moving multiple atoms in the same row (column), we save rearrangement time by parallelism in space. To best utilize these parallelisms, we propose a new algorithm named Tetris algorithm to reassemble atoms to arbitrary target array geometry from two-dimensional stochastically loaded atomic arrays. For an $L \times L$ target array geometry, the number of moves scales as $L$, and the total rearrangement time scales at most as $L^2$. We present the overall performance for different target geometries, and demonstrate a significant reduction in rearrangement time and the potential to scale up defect-free atomic array system to thousands of qubits.
title: Деятельностный подход к психологическому консультированию в образовании: системогенетическая парадигма
title: Монография
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Суворова Г.А.
Publisher: name: Московский педагогический государственный университет
Year: 2019

description: В монографии рассматриваются основные научные направления в разработке категории деятельности и деятельностного подхода в психологии. Обобщаются научные представления о психологическом консультировании и определяется сущность консультативно-психологического процесса с позиций деятельностного подхода. Выделены ключевые проблемы психологического консультирования в образовании и рассмотрены возможности их исследования на основе деятельностной методологии. Обсуждаются вопросы понятийного аппарата психологического анализа деятельности, структуры и механизмов ее формирования при решении консультативно-психологических задач в образовании. В системогенетической парадигме анализируются проблемы психологии развития, обучения и воспитания человека, выделяются важные характеристики процесса научения. В логике психологической теории системогенеза деятельности формулируется концепция деятельностно-психологического консультирования в обучении. Приводятся эмпирические данные по психологическим механизмам научения, подтверждающие продуктивность деятельностного подхода к психологическому консультированию в образовании. Книга предназначена для психологов, педагогов, историков, философов, а также может быть полезна студентам, бакалаврам, магистрантам, аспирантам и всем тем, кого интересует консультативная функция психолога в образовательном процессе.
description: The monograph discusses the main research areas in the development category of activity and activity approach in psychology. Summarizes the scientific understanding of psychological counseling and is determined by the nature of Advisory-psychological process from the standpoint of activity approach. Highlights the key problems of psychological counseling in education and describes the possibilities of their research on the basis of the activity-based methodology. Discusses the conceptual apparatus of psychological analysis of activity, structure and mechanisms of its formation in the solution of Advisory and psychological issues in education. In sistemogenetichesky paradigm analyzes the problems of psychology of development, learning and education of the person, highlighting important characteristics of the process of learning. In the logic of the psychological theory of system Genesis activities is formulated the concept of activity-counselling training. Empirical data on the psychological mechanisms of learning, confirming the productivity of the activity approach to psychological counseling in education. The book is intended for psychologists, teachers, historians, philosophers, and can also be useful to students, bachelors, undergraduates, postgraduates and everyone interested in the Advisory function of the psychologist in the educational process.
Spectroscopic data de-noising via training-set-free deep learning method
Creators: name: Huang, Dongchen
name: Liu, Junde
name: Qian, Tian
name: Yang, Yi-feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: De-noising plays a crucial role in the post-processing of spectra. Machine learning-based methods show good performance in extracting intrinsic information from noisy data, but often require a high-quality training set that is typically inaccessible in real experimental measurements. Here, using spectra in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) as an example, we develop a de-noising method for extracting intrinsic spectral information without the need for a training set. This is possible as our method leverages the self-correlation information of the spectra themselves. It preserves the intrinsic energy band features and thus facilitates further analysis and processing. Moreover, since our method is not limited by specific properties of the training set compared to previous ones, it may well be extended to other fields and application scenarios where obtaining high-quality multidimensional training data is challenging.
Light Moduli in Almost No-Scale Models
Creators: name: Buchmuller, Wilfried
name: Moller, Jan
name: Schmidt, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the stabilization of the compact dimension for a class of five-dimensional orbifold supergravity models. Supersymmetry is broken by the superpotential on a boundary. Classically, the size $L$ of the fifth dimension is undetermined, with or without supersymmetry breaking, and the effective potential is of no-scale type. The size $L$ is fixed by quantum corrections to the Kähler potential, the Casimir energy and Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) terms localized at the boundaries. For an FI scale of order $M_\mathrm{GUT}$, as in heterotic string compactifications with anomalous $\U1$ symmetries, one obtains $L \sim 1/M_\mathrm{GUT}$. A small mass is predicted for the scalar fluctuation associated with the fifth dimension, $m_ρ \lesssim m_{3/2}/(L M)$.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
The Burins of Vogelherd Aurignacian (Germany) and those of the French Aurignacian: a Comparison
Creators: name: Ronen, Avraham
Publisher: name: Quartär – Internationales Jahrbuch zur Erforschung des Eiszeitalters und der Steinzeit
Year: 2021

description: Quartär – Internationales Jahrbuch zur Erforschung des Eiszeitalters und der Steinzeit, Bd. 21 (1970): Quartär. Internationales Jahrbuch zur Eiszeitalter- und Steinzeitforschung