cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The effects of prey abundance on the diet, maternal attendance and pup mortality of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) in Peru
Creators: name: Soto, Karim H.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Peruvian upwelling system is one of the most unpredictable but productive marine ecosystems in the world that is regularly affected by El Nino and La Nina events. As a consequence, South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) inhabiting the Peruvian coast face stochastic fluctuations in the abundance and distribution of their prey. The goal of my study was to determine the effects of marine environmental changes on the reproductive success of South American sea lions in Peru on the Ballestas Islands during the 1997-2002 breeding seasons. I also wanted to assess whether changes in diet and maternal behaviour during this time were proxies of major changes in the abundance of marine resources. South American sea lions consumed primarily anchovy and squat lobster during the 1999- 2001 La Nina, but consumed a greater diversity of prey when abundance was low during the 1997-1998 El Nino. Lactating females also modified the length of time they spent at sea and onshore in response to changes in the abundance of prey. Low abundances and quality of prey during El Nino caused females to continue foraging for longer periods. This resulted in greater times between nursing episodes, and ultimately led to the starvation of pups. In contrast, during the 1999-2001 La Nina, females spent shorter times at sea and longer times onshore as prey became more abundant. Pup production and mortality were also directly related to the abundance of prey. Pup mortality reached 100% during El Nino and remained high during the favourable conditions of La Nina due to the short-term effects that El Nino had on population dynamics and subsequent maternal behaviour. Abortions were also higher during El Nino compared to other years, while numbers of pups bom were significantly reduced during and after El Nino due to the death of a high proportion of the adult population. My study suggests that South American sea lions in Peru are highly vulnerable to extreme changes in prey abundance. It also demonstrates that sea lion reproductive parameters, maternal attendance, and diet are strongly related to marine environmental conditions and annual variations in prey abundance. As a result, South American sea lions appear to be good indicators of stochastic changes in the distribution and abundance of marine resources in the Peruvian upwelling ecosystem.
Trotterless Simulation of Open Quantum Systems for NISQ Quantum Devices
Creators: name: Burdine, Colin
name: Blair, Enrique P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simulation of quantum systems is one of the flagship applications of near-term NISQ (noisy intermediate-scale quantum) computing devices. Efficiently simulating the rich, non-unitary dynamics of open quantum systems remains challenging on NISQ hardware. Current simulation methods for open quantum systems employ time-stepped Trotter product formulas ("Trotterization") which can scale poorly with respect to the simulation time and system dimension. Here, we propose a new simulation method based on the derivation of a Kraus operator series representation of the system. We identify a class of open quantum systems for which this method produces circuits of time-independent depth, which may serve as a desirable alternative to Trotterization, especially on NISQ devices.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures
Additional file 1 of Validity and reliability of subjective methods to assess sedentary behaviour in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Bakker, Esmée A.
name: Hartman, Yvonne A. W.
name: Hopman, Maria T. E.
name: Hopkins, Nicola D.
name: Graves, Lee E. F.
name: Dunstan, David W.
name: Healy, Genevieve N.
name: Eijsvogels, Thijs M. H.
name: Thijssen, Dick H. J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file :1 Table S1. Search strategy. Table S2. Assessing the quality of studies examining the criterion validity. Table S3. Assessing the quality of studies examining the reliability.
Glass Transition Behavior of Polymer Films of Nanoscopic Dimensions
Creators: name: Baljon, Arlette R. C.
name: Van Weert, Maarten H. M.
name: DeGraaff, Regina Barber
name: Khare, Rajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Glass transition behavior of nanoscopically thin polymer films is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. A thin polymer film that is composed of bead-spring model chains and supported on an idealized, fcc lattice substrate surface is studied in this work.
description: in review, macromolecules
Au-Assisted Substrate-Faceting for Inclined Nanowire Growth
Creators: name: Kang, Jung-Hyun
name: Krizek, Filip
name: Zaluska-Kotur, Magdalena
name: Krogstrup, Peter
name: Kacman, Perla
name: Beidenkopf, Haim
name: Shtrikman, Hadas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the role of gold droplets in the initial stage of nanowire growth via the vapor liquid solid method. Apart from serving as a collections center for growth species, the gold droplets carry an additional crucial role that necessarily precedes the nanowire emergence, that is, they assist the nucleation of nanocraters with strongly faceted 111B side walls. Only once these facets become sufficiently large and regular, the gold droplets start nucleating and guiding the growth of nanowires. We show that this dual role of the gold droplets can be detected and monitored by high energy electron diffraction during growth. Moreover, gold induced formation of craters and the onset of nanowires growth on the 111B facets inside the craters are confirmed by the results of Monte Carlo simulations. The detailed insight into the growth mechanism of inclined nanowires will help to engineer new and complex nanowire based device architectures.
description: 17 pages with 5 figures (main). 7 pages with 7 figures (Supplementary Information). This manuscript was published in Nano Letters on 2018
Tunable anomalous Hall transport in bulk and two-dimensional 1$T$-CrTe$_{2}$: A first-principles study
Creators: name: Li, Si
name: Wang, Shan-Shan
name: Tai, Bo
name: Wu, Weikang
name: Xiang, Bin
name: Sheng, Xian-Lei
name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Layered materials with robust magnetic ordering have been attracting significant research interest. In recent experiments, a new layered material 1$T$-CrTe$_{2}$ has been synthesized and exhibits ferromagnetism above the room temperature. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we investigate the electronic, magnetic, and transport properties of 1$T$-CrTe$_{2}$, both in the bulk and in the two-dimensional (2D) limit. We show that 1$T$-CrTe$_{2}$ can be stable in the monolayer form, and has a low exfoliation energy. The monolayer structure is an intrinsic ferromagnetic metal, which maintains a high Curie temperature above the room temperature. Particularly, we reveal interesting features in the anomalous Hall transport. We show that in the ground state, both bulk and monolayer 1$T$-CrTe$_{2}$ possess vanishing anomalous Hall effect, because the magnetization preserves one vertical mirror symmetry. The anomalous Hall conductivity can be made sizable by tuning the magnetization direction or by uniaxial strains that break the mirror symmetry. The room-temperature 2D ferromagnetism and the tunable anomalous Hall effect make the material a promising platform for nanoscale device applications.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Inequivalence of Statistical Ensembles in Single Molecule Measurements
Creators: name: Sinha, Supurna
name: Samuel, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the role of fluctuations in single molecule experimental measurements of force-extension curves. We use the Worm Like Chain (WLC) model to bring out the connection between the Helmholtz ensemble characterized by the Free Energy and the Gibbs ensemble characterized by the Free Energy . We consider the rigid rod limit of the WLC model as an instructive special case to bring out the issue of ensemble inequivalence. We point out the need for taking into account the free energy of transition when one goes from one ensemble to another. We also comment on the ``phase transition'' noticed in an isometric setup for semiflexible polymers and propose a realization of its thermodynamic limit. We present general arguments which rule out non-monotonic force-extension curves in some ensembles and note that these do not apply to the isometric ensemble.
description: to appear in Physical Review E
Relationship between Economic Development Level and Environmental Quality in Qinghai Province
Creators: name: Zhao, Qinglin
name: Mao, Wei
name: Peng, Ying
name: Zhao, Qinglin
name: Mao, Wei
name: Peng, Ying
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: EKC
subject: Economic development
subject: Environmental quality
subject: Qinghai Province
subject: China

description: Environmental and economic data in the years 1986-2006 in Qinghai Province of China are selected. Based on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory, models of per capita GDP and four environmental indices are established by SPSS software. Economic development level and environmental quality of Qinghai Province are simulated. Research shows that relationship between economy and environment of Qinghai Province does not completely accord with U-shaped Pattern of EKC. Fitting curve of the emission of industrial wastewater shows positive "U"-type, that of waste gas shows the right half of the U curve, and that of SO2 and solid waste shows a "U + weak inverted U"-shaped curve. Result also indicates that water environment and air pollution of Qinghai Province are further deteriorated, and the SO2 and solid waste emissions have shown a weak turning point in recent years. Suggestion of improving environmental quality is put forward, as well as optimizing the economic structure, adjusting the industrial structure, increasing investment in environmental protection, developing the comprehensive value of industrial waste actively, and raising people's awareness of environmental protection.
Assessment on Merger and Acquisition Risk of Agricultural Manufacturing Enterprises in China
Creators: name: Bian, Kuanjiang
name: Yang, Weiwu
name: Bian, Kuanjiang
name: Yang, Weiwu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Merger and acquisition risk
subject: Information entropy
subject: Risk control
subject: China

description: Composition of merger and acquisition risk of agricultural manufacturing enterprises in China is analyzed, which is mainly strategic risk, external risk, transaction risk and integrated risk. And there are a total of 16 specific sources of risk. Concrete assessment methods for merger and acquisition risk of agricultural manufacturing enterprises are introduced. Firstly, set up the risk factor sets at first and second layers and divide merger and acquisition risk into 5 layers; establish risk assessment matrix according to the score by expert group. Secondly, determine the weights of the various risk factors by the ideology of information entropy. Finally, find out the subordinated vector of risk factor, construct risk assessment matrix, calculate the second grade risk assessment vector and conduct risk assessment. Taking an agricultural manufacturing enterprise as an example, fuzzy mathematics method is used to conduct risk assessment on its merger and acquisition project. Result shows that the overall risk of merger and acquisition project is relatively low, and merger and acquisition can be implemented. Merger and acquisition risk assessment based on fuzzy mathematics has made the assessment result more objective and reliable, so as to provide a reasonable reference for the scientific decision-making of agricultural manufacturing enterprises in China.
Additional file 1 of Efficacy, safety, and economic assessment of hominis placental pharmacopuncture for chronic temporomandibular disorder: a protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Jongho Kim
name: Park, Kyoung Sun
name: Lee, Yoon Jae
name: Koh-Woon Kim
name: Jae-Heung Cho
name: In-Hyuk Ha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT checklist.
Inside charged black holes I. Baryons
Creators: name: Hamilton, Andrew J. S.
name: Pollack, Scott E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extensive investigation is made of the interior structure of self-similar accreting charged black holes. In this, the first of two papers, the black hole is assumed to accrete a charged, electrically conducting, relativistic baryonic fluid. The mass and charge of the black hole are generated self-consistently by the accreted material. The accreted baryonic fluid undergoes one of two possible fates: either it plunges directly to the spacelike singularity at zero radius, or else it drops through the Cauchy horizon. The baryons fall directly to the singularity if the conductivity either exceeds a certain continuum threshold kappa_oo, or else equals one of an infinite spectrum kappa_n of discrete values. Between the discrete values kappa_n, the solution is characterized by the number of times that the baryonic fluid cycles between ingoing and outgoing. If the conductivity is at the continuum threshold kappa_oo, then the solution cycles repeatedly between ingoing and outgoing, displaying a discrete self-similarity reminiscent of that observed in critical collapse. Below the continuum threshold kappa_oo, and except at the discrete values kappa_n, the baryonic fluid drops through the Cauchy horizon, and in this case undergoes a shock, downstream of which the solution terminates at an irregular sonic point where the proper acceleration diverges, and there is no consistent self-similar continuation to zero radius. As far as the solution can be followed inside the Cauchy horizon, the radial direction is timelike. If the radial direction remains timelike to zero radius (which cannot be confirmed because the self-similar solutions terminate), then there is presumably a spacelike singularity at zero radius inside the Cauchy horizon, which is distinctly different from the vacuum solution for a charged black hole.
description: 31 pages, 12 figures. Minor revisions to agree with version accepted for publication in PRD
The Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA). II. The effect of stellar multiplicity on disc properties
Creators: name: Zurlo, Alice
name: Cieza, Lucas A.
name: Pérez, Sebastián
name: Christiaens, Valentin
name: Williams, Jonathan P.
name: Guidi, Greta
name: Cánovas, Hector
name: Casassus, Simon
name: Hales, Antonio
name: Principe, David A.
name: Ruíz-Rodríguez, Dary
name: Fernandez-Figueroa, Antonia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Adaptive Optics (AO) near infrared (NIR) observations using VLT/NACO and Keck/NIRC2 of ODISEA targets. ODISEA is an ALMA survey of the entire population of circumstellar discs in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud. From the whole sample of ODISEA we select all the discs that are not already observed in the NIR with AO and that are observable with NACO or NIRC2. The NIR-ODISEA survey consists of 147 stars observed in NIR AO imaging for the first time, as well as revisiting almost all the binary systems of Ophiuchus present in the literature (20 out of 21). In total, we detect 20 new binary systems and one triple system. For each of them we calculate the projected separation and position angle of the companion, as well as their NIR and millimeter flux ratios. From the NIR contrast we derived the masses of the secondaries, finding that 9 of them are in the sub-stellar regime (30-50 \MJup). Discs in multiple systems reach a maximum total dust mass of $\sim$ 50 M$_{\oplus}$, while discs in single stars can reach a dust mass of 200 M$_{\oplus}$. Discs with masses above 10 M$_{\oplus}$ are found only around binaries with projected separations larger than $\sim$ 110 au. The maximum disc size is also larger around single star than binaries. However, since most discs in Ophiuchus are very small and low-mass, the effect of visual binaries is relatively weak in the general disc population.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables. Published in MNRAS
Effects of Specialized Curing on the Income and Behavior of Tobacco Growers
Creators: name: Huang, Kejiu
name: Zhang, Wenping
name: Ma, Xiao
name: Yang, Chao
name: Ji, Xinwei
name: Song, Zhaopeng
name: Huang, Kejiu
name: Zhang, Wenping
name: Ma, Xiao
name: Yang, Chao
name: Ji, Xinwei
name: Song, Zhaopeng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Specialized curing
subject: Economic income
subject: Questionnaire survey
subject: Tobacco growers
subject: Flue-cured tobacco
subject: China

description: Qingshuitang Village near the Qingmuchi Village is taken as the control region, which has similar status of social economy and flue-cured tobacco cultivation and has not implemented specialized curing. Permanent residents above the age of 18 in the two villages are investigated. Due to the dispersibility and randomness of samples, questionnaires are sent out randomly considering the differences in age, sex, education level, economic income and planting area. Excel is used to conduct statistics and analysis of survey data. Result shows that specialized curing has significant higher incentive effect on economic income of tobacco growers than the non-specialized curing. Tobacco growers in specialized curing area have apparently different attentive focus of future development, compared with the growers in non-specialized curing area. Specialized curing area focuses more on the improvement of technology, management and supporting industries; while growers in non-specialized curing area think that working outside is main way to improve the current situation. However, there are certain problems in specialized curing needed to be improved, such as operation mechanism, internal management, extension and application. Finally, it is pointed out that we should correctly handle the relationship between the income increase from specialized curing and the economic development, subject clarification and support enhancement, so as to ensure the sustainable development of specialized curing and to improve the economic income of tobacco growers effectively.
Studies on Problems in the Construction of Legal System in New Countryside of China
Creators: name: Xu, Shijiang
name: Xu, Shijiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Legal system construction in new countryside
subject: Rural development
subject: Problems
subject: China

description: The construction of legal system since the reform and opening up in the rural areas of China was reviewed in this study from the perspective of agricultural laws and regulations as well as the legal system of rural social governance. Prospects were put forward for the legal system construction in new countryside, and the characteristics that such a legal system should have were analyzed: first, a relative perfect system for laws and regulations; second, obvious social consensus of laws; third, the factuality of laws unceasingly proposing new legal demands. Problems that should be placed more attention in the construction of new countryside were discussed so as to provide references for relevant policy making: first, legal issues in the scale agricultural production; second, rural financial law issues; third, legal system for agricultural social services; fourth, construction of the integrated urban-rural household registration system; fifth, legal system for rural land property rights and benefits, social security law system; sixth, legal issues in the rural network construction.
Cultural Barriers and Agricultural Trade in the Western Hemisphere
Creators: name: Susanto, Dwi
name: Rosson, C. Parr
name: Susanto, Dwi
name: Rosson, C. Parr
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agricultural trade
subject: cultural distance
subject: gravity model

description: This study analyzes the impacts of cultural distance on bilateral trade flows in the Western Hemisphere using a Fixed Effects Vector Decomposition (FEVD). Four cultural dimensions of Hofstede are used to capture cultural distance. The results found that the effects of each dimension vary considerably with three of four dimensions (UAI, PDI, and MFI) have a negative impact and one dimension (ICI) has a positive effect. The magnitude of ICI is large enough to offset the negative effects of the other three dimensions resulting in a net positive effect of cultural distance, suggesting that culturally-dissimilar countries trade more than less.
Screening masses in neutral two-flavor color superconductor
Creators: name: Huang, Mei
name: Shovkovy, Igor A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Debye and Meissner screening masses of the gluons and the photon in neutral and beta-equilibrated dense two-flavor quark matter are calculated. The results are presented in a general form that can be used in gapped as well as gapless color superconducting phases. The results for the magnetic screening masses indicate that the system develops a chromomagnetic instability. Possible consequences of the instability are discussed.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures. Minor corrections. References added. Version accepted to Phys. Rev. D
Aggregate and Farm-level Productivity Growth in Tobacco: Before and After the Quota Buyout
Creators: name: Kirwan, Barrett E.
name: White, T. Kirk
name: Uchida, Shinsuke
name: Kirwan, Barrett E.
name: White, T. Kirk
name: Uchida, Shinsuke
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Tobacco
subject: Quotas
subject: Aggregate Productivity Growth
subject: Re-allocation

description: We examine the distortionary effects of agricultural policy on farm productivity by examining the response of U.S. tobacco farmers' productivity to the quota buyout of 2004. We isolate the impact of distortionary policy, i.e., the tobacco quota, by decomposing aggregate productivity growth into the contribution of farm-level productivity growth and the contribution of reallocation of resources among tobacco growers. Reallocation of resources includes entry into and exit from tobacco farming, as well as growth or decline of the resources allocated to existing tobacco farms. We find that aggregate productivity of Kentucky tobacco farms grew 37% between 2002 and 2007. Reallocation of resources among continuing tobacco farms contributed 22 percentage points to productivity growth. Reallocation through entry and exit contributed 10 percentage points, and the elimination of quota rental costs directly contributed 5 percentage points.
Fractional Edge Reconstruction in Integer Quantum Hall Phases
Creators: name: Khanna, Udit
name: Goldstein, Moshe
name: Gefen, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Protected edge modes are the cornerstone of topological states of matter. The simplest example is provided by the integer quantum Hall state at Landau level filling unity, which should feature a single chiral mode carrying electronic excitations. In the presence of a smooth confining potential it was hitherto believed that this picture may only be partially modified by the appearance of additional counterpropagating integer-charge modes. Here, we demonstrate the breakdown of this paradigm: The system favors the formation of edge modes supporting fractional excitations. This accounts for previous observations, and leads to additional predictions amenable to experimental tests.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures and Supplementary Material. v2 -- Updated References. v3 -- Published Version
Correlating chemical composition and optical properties of photochromic rare-earth oxy-hydrides using ion beam analysis
Creators: name: Aðalsteinsson, S. M.
name: Moro, M. V.
name: Moldarev, D.
name: Droulias, S.
name: Wolff, M.
name: Primetzhofer, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We relate the photochromic response of rare-earth oxy-hydride thin films (YHO, NdHO, GdHO and DyHO) synthesized by reactive magnetron sputtering to chemical composition. Depth profiles of the sample composition are extracted by a multi-method ion beam analysis approach. The total areal density of the thin films is deduced from Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry while coincidence Time-of-Flight/Energy Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis provides depth-profiles of the film constituents. High-resolution depth profiles of the concentration of light species, i.e. hydrogen and oxygen, are additionally extracted from Nuclear Reaction Analysis and Elastic Backscattering Spectrometry, respectively. The photochromic response of the films is measured by optical transmission spectroscopy before and after illumination. We report photochromic properties for YHO, NdHO, GdHO and DyHO for chemical compositions described by the formula $REH_{2-δ}O_δ$ in the range of $0.45 {
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
An Economic Risk Analysis of Tillage and Cropping Systems on the Arkansas Grand Prairie
Creators: name: Hignight, Jeffrey A.
name: Watkins, K. Bradley
name: Anders, Merle M.
name: Hignight, Jeffrey A.
name: Watkins, K. Bradley
name: Anders, Merle M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: cropping systems
subject: rice
subject: no-till
subject: certainty equivalent
subject: risk premium

description: No-till (NT) has been shown to reduce fuel, labor, and machinery costs compared to conventional-till (CT) but very few rice producers in Arkansas practice NT. The low adoption rate is most likely due to difficulties in management but also limited information on the profitability and risk of NT. Most rice producers are knowledgeable on NT costs savings but consider it less profitable due to yield reductions offsetting costs savings. This study evaluates production costs, crop yields, and economic risk of both NT and CT in five rice-based cropping systems (continuous rice, rice-soybean, rice-corn, rice-wheat, and rice-wheat-soybean-wheat). Yields, crop prices, and key input prices are simulated to create net return distributions. Stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) is used to evaluate profitability and risk efficiency. Results indicate that a risk-neutral and risk-averse producer in either NT or CT would prefer a rice-soybean rotation. NT would be preferred over CT in the rice-soybean rotation across all risk preferences. Overall, risk-neutral producers would prefer NT in four of five cropping systems while risk-averse producers would prefer NT in three of five cropping systems.
Quantum state transfer via the ferromagnetic chain in a spatially modulated field
Creators: name: Shi, T.
name: Li, Ying
name: Song, Z.
name: Sun, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a perfect quantum state transmission can be realized through a spin chain possessing a commensurate structure of energy spectrum, which is matched with the corresponding parity. As an exposition of the mirror inversion symmetry discovered by Albanese et. al (quant-ph/0405029), the parity matched the commensurability of energy spectra help us to present the novel pre-engineered spin systems for quantum information transmission. Based on the these theoretical analysis, we propose a protocol of near-perfect quantum state transfer by using a ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with uniform coupling constant, but an external parabolic magnetic field. The numerical results shows that the initial Gaussian wave packet in this system with optimal field distribution can be reshaped near-perfectly over a longer distance.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of Implementation of the clinical practice guideline for individuals with amputations in Colombia: a qualitative study on perceived barriers and facilitators
Creators: name: Patiño-Lugo, Daniel F.
name: María Del Pilar Pastor Durango
name: Lugo-Agudelo, Luz Helena
name: Borrero, Ana María Posada
name: Correa, Verónica Ciro
name: Contreras, Jesús Alberto Plata
name: Giraldo, Claudia Yaneth Vera
name: Aguirre-Acevedo, Daniel Camilo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Thematic guidelines for interviews.
A generalized linear threshold model for an improved description of the spreading dynamics
Creators: name: Ran, Yijun
name: Deng, Xiaomin
name: Wang, Xiaomeng
name: Jia, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many spreading processes in our real-life can be considered as a complex contagion, and the linear threshold (LT) model is often applied as a very representative model for this mechanism. Despite its intensive usage, the LT model suffers several limitations in describing the time evolution of the spreading. First, the discrete-time step that captures the speed of the spreading is vaguely defined. Second, the synchronous updating rule makes the nodes infected in batches, which can not take individual differences into account. Finally, the LT model is incompatible with existing models for the simple contagion. Here we consider a generalized linear threshold (GLT) model for the continuous-time stochastic complex contagion process that can be efficiently implemented by the Gillespie algorithm. The time in this model has a clear mathematical definition and the updating order is rigidly defined. We find that the traditional LT model systematically underestimates the spreading speed and the randomness in the spreading sequence order. We also show that the GLT model works seamlessly with the susceptible-infected (SI) or susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. One can easily combine them to model a hybrid spreading process in which simple contagion accumulates the critical mass for the complex contagion that leads to the global cascades. Overall, the GLT model we proposed can be a useful tool to study complex contagion, especially when studying the time evolution of the spreading.
Post-Buyout Structural Change in the Peanut and Tobacco Sectors
Creators: name: Dohlman, Erik
name: Foreman, Linda F.
name: Da Pra, Michelle
name: Dohlman, Erik
name: Foreman, Linda F.
name: Da Pra, Michelle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: peanuts
subject: tobacco
subject: policy
subject: marketing quotas
subject: buyouts

description: When longstanding marketing quota systems were eliminated (“bought out”) in 2002 for peanuts and 2004 for tobacco, producers lost quota-related price supports and other quota system protections, and were exposed more directly to a market-oriented system. The nature of the peanut and tobacco marketing quota programs, the structure and magnitude of the buyouts, and market dynamics influenced the ensuing structural changes that occurred at the farm, regional, and aggregate market levels. Analysis of USDA’s Agricultural Resource Management Surveys (ARMS) on peanut and tobacco producers over a multi-year timeframe provides insights on, and a basis for comparing and contrasting the buyout impacts along multiple dimensions. Notable developments include a consolidation in the number and increased scale of farms, regional shifts in production regions, and increased use of contracting to manage price risk.
Evidence on the Value of EU Quality Certification Schemes. The Case of Dry-cured Ham in Spain
Creators: name: Resano, H.
name: Ana, I. Sanjuan
name: Albisu, Luis Miguel
name: Resano, H.
name: Ana, I. Sanjuan
name: Albisu, Luis Miguel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Mixed rank-ordered logit
subject: Conjoint analysis
subject: Heterogeneous preferences
subject: Consumers
subject: Cured ham.

description: Consumer’s preferences for cured ham are investigated with conjoint analysis. A mixed rank-ordered logit model which allows the investigation for heterogeneous preferences and its sources is estimated. In particular, we analyse to what extent consumers’ socio-demographic traits affect their price-sensitiveness and whether consumer’s sensory (hedonic) valuations and attitudes towards ham with a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) affect the preferences for specific attributes. The results show that consumers with a low-medium age and income are more price sensitive. Consumers more leaned sensorially towards the own regional product (with or without PDO), are more inclined to purchase this product, and consumers with a more favourable attitude towards PDO ham, are also more prone to purchase cured ham with quality certification in comparison with a product without PDO. Accordingly, the PDO scheme attracts a segment of consumers, but still the origin by itself is a more powerful signal of quality.
Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays Detection
Creators: name: Aramo, Carla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper describes methods used for the detection of cosmic rays with energies above 10^18 eV (UHECR, UltraHigh Energy Cosmic Rays). It had been anticipated there would be a cutoff in the energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays around 3 10^19 eV induced by their interaction with the 2.7 K primordial photons. This has become known as the GZK cutoff. However, several showers have been detected with estimated primary energy exceeding this limit.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear in the proceedings of 17th Conference on High Energy Physics (IFAE 2005) (In Italian), Catania, Italy, 30 Mar - 2 Apr 2005
Seasonal differences in physiology of captive steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) in response to short-term low energy intake
Creators: name: Kumagai, Sacko
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) were fed restricted iso-caloric amounts of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) or walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) for 8-9 days, four times a year. At these levels, the sea lions lost an average of 10.1% of their initial body mass while on both experimental diets for up to nine days, but at a significantly higher rate in winter and at a lower rate in summer. Decreases in body fat mass and standard metabolic rates during the trials were similar throughout the seasons and for both diets. Metabolic depression was not always observed during the trials despite the constant loss of body mass. Changes in Cortisol, triiodothyronine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were seasonally dependent. Over the course of the trials, serum levels of Cortisol and BUN increased and total triiodothyronine decreased the most in winter. Serum Cortisol levels correlated negatively with both body mass and body condition suggesting that Cortisol may play an important role in body fat regulation in Steller sea lions. The mean ghrelin level in Steller sea lions correlated negatively with body mass, but ghrelin did not correlate with serum leptin. My findings support the hypothesis that restricted energy intake at different times of the year differentially affects Steller sea lions, and that diet type (herring or pollock) may have seasonally-specific effects on body mass and composition. Steller sea lions may be more severely impacted by reduced energy intake in winter than at other times of the year. Changes in iron binding capacity were significantly greater in the herring-fed group than in the pollock-fed group, and a significantly greater decrease occurred in winter and spring compared to summer and fall. Iron saturation increased in the herring-fed group and decreased in the group fed pollock. These results suggested a potential anemia from a reduced diet of pollock in Steller sea lions. Serum iron, phosphorus, hematocrit and gamma glutamyltransferase showed consistent changes during food restriction, suggesting that these may serve as indicators of nutritional stress in Steller sea lions.
Velocity profiles in forced silo discharges
Creators: name: Madrid, Marcos A.
name: Pugnaloni, Luis A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a granular material is freely discharged from a silo through an orifice at its base, the flow rate remains constant throughout the discharge. However, it has been recently shown that, if the discharge is forced by an overweight, the flow rate increases at the final stages of the discharge, in striking contrast to viscous fluids [Madrid et al. Europhys. Lett. (2018)]. {Although the general mechanism that drives this increase in the flow rate has been discussed, there exist yet a number of open questions regarding this phenomenon. One such questions is to what extent is the internal velocity profile affected, beyond the trivial overall increase consistent with the increasing flow rate.} We study via Discrete Element Method simulations the internal velocity profiles during forced silo discharges and compare them with those of free discharges. The changes in velocity profiles are somewhat subtle. Interestingly, during free discharges, while the velocity profiles are steady at the silo base and above a height equivalent to one silo diameter, there exists a transition region where the profile evolves in time, despite the constant flow rate. In contrast, forced discharges present steady profiles at all heights of the granular column during the initial constant flow phase, followed by an overall increase of the velocities when the acceleration phase develops.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Inside charged black holes II. Baryons plus dark matter
Creators: name: Hamilton, Andrew J. S.
name: Pollack, Scott E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) This is the second of two companion papers on the interior structure of self-similar accreting charged black holes. In the first paper, the black hole was allowed to accrete only a single fluid of charged baryons. In this second paper, the black hole is allowed to accrete in addition a neutral fluid of almost non-interacting dark matter. Relativistic streaming between outgoing baryons and ingoing dark matter leads to mass inflation near the inner horizon. When enough dark matter has been accreted that the center of mass frame near the inner horizon is ingoing, then mass inflation ceases and the fluid collapses to a central singularity. A null singularity does not form on the Cauchy horizon. Although the simultaneous presence of ingoing and outgoing fluids near the inner horizon is essential to mass inflation, reducing one or other of the ingoing dark matter or outgoing baryonic streams to a trace relative to the other stream makes mass inflation more extreme, not the other way round as one might naively have expected. Consequently, if the dark matter has a finite cross-section for being absorbed into the baryonic fluid, then the reduction of the amount of ingoing dark matter merely makes inflation more extreme, the interior mass exponentiating more rapidly and to a larger value before mass inflation ceases. However, if the dark matter absorption cross-section is effectively infinite at high collision energy, so that the ingoing dark matter stream disappears completely, then the outgoing baryonic fluid can drop through the Cauchy horizon. In all cases, the solutions do not depend on what happens in the infinite past or future. We discuss in some detail the physical mechanism that drives mass inflation.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures. Minor revisions to agree with version accepted for publication in PRD
How differentiated is the Scottish Beef? An Analysis of Supermarket Data Panel
Creators: name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Lamprinopoulou-Kranis, Chrysa
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Kupiec-Teahan, Beata
name: Toma, Luiza
name: Cacciolatti, Luca
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Lamprinopoulou-Kranis, Chrysa
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Kupiec-Teahan, Beata
name: Toma, Luiza
name: Cacciolatti, Luca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Beef supply chain
subject: Scottish agriculture
subject: product differentiation
subject: demand models.

description: The Scottish red meat industry is a major part of the Scottish agricultural economy and is known for producing high quality beef and lamb. Beef and lamb which are produced and processed in Scotland and according to a quality assured production specification, carry the EU ‘Protected Geographical Indications’ (PGI) name of ‘Scotch’. In addition, red meat in Scotland has to compete with high quality imported products (e.g., from Brazil or Argentina) or with meat from elsewhere in the United Kingdom. This paper focuses on the situation of Scotch beef and how differentiated it is in the eyes of consumers. For this purpose we use two years’ retailing data for Scotland (and by socio-economic group) from a major supermarket to estimate the conditional demand for beef products from different origins. Results indicate that Scotch beef competes with the premium category and also with the supermarket own label product. The paper concludes by considering the marketing implications of these findings.
A Q-Operator Identity for the Correlation Functions of the Infinite XXZ Spin-Chain
Creators: name: Korff, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An explicit construction for Q-operators of the finite XXZ spin-chain with twisted boundary conditions is presented. The massless and the massive regime is considered as well as the root of unity case. It is explained how these results yield an alternative expression for the trace function employed in the description of the correlation functions of the inhomogeneous XXZ model on the infinite lattice by Boos, Jimbo, Miwa, Smirnov and Takeyama(hep-th/0412191).
description: 19 pages, conclusions added
Dynamics and Redistribution of Entanglement and Coherence in Three Time-Dependent Coupled Harmonic Oscillators
Creators: name: Hab-arrih, Radouan
name: Jellal, Ahmed
name: Merdaci, Abdeldjalil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics and redistribution of entanglement and coherence in three time-dependent coupled harmonic oscillators. We resolve the Schrödinger equation by using time-dependent Euler rotation together with a linear quench model to obtain the state of vacuum solution. Such state can be translated to the phase space picture to determine the Wigner distribution. We show that its Gaussian matrix $\mathbb{G}(t)$ can be used to directly cast the covariance matrix $σ(t)$. To quantify the mixedness and entanglement of the state one uses respectively linear and von Neumann entropies for three cases: fully symmetric, bi-symmetric and fully non symmetric. Then we determine the coherence, tripartite entanglement and local uncertainties and derive their dynamics. We show that the dynamics of all quantum information quantities are driven by the Ermakov modes. Finally, we use an homodyne detection to redistribute both resources of entanglement and coherence.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures. Clarifications and references added. Version to appear in IJGMMP
Music Playlist Title Generation: A Machine-Translation Approach
Creators: name: SeungHeon Doh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This is pre-trained model weight and data split of Music Playlist Title Generation For more detailed information about the dataset, please refer to our paper: Music Playlist Title Generation: A Machine-Translation Approach File Description exp/: pretrained weight dataset/split: dataset split and tokenizer
Towards quality use of evidence in education
Creators: name: Rickinson, Mark
name: Walsh, Lucas
name: Cirkony, Connie
name: Gleeson, Jo
name: Salisbury, Mandy
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Education
subject: 130313 Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators

description: Article published by the Monash Q Project in Australian Educational Leader (AEL) 42 Issue 2, 2020.Publication hosted by the Australian Council for Educational Leaders (ACEL)The article introduces the Monash Q Project's Quality Use of Research Evidence (QURE) Framework and examines the question "What does it mean to use research evidence well in education?
Additional file 1 of Determinants of healthcare providers’ confidence in their clinical skills to deliver quality obstetric and newborn care in Uganda and Zambia
Creators: name: Kim, Min Kyung
name: Arsenault, Catherine
name: Atuyambe, Lynn M.
name: Mubiana Macwan’gi
name: Kruk, Margaret E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.