cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum Nonlocality in Weak-Thermal-Light Interferometry
Creators: name: Tsang, Mankei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In astronomy, interferometry of light collected by separate telescopes is often performed by physically bringing the optical paths together in the form of Young's double-slit experiment. Optical loss severely limits the efficiency of this so-called direct detection method, motivating the fundamental question of whether one can achieve a comparable performance using separate optical measurements at the two telescopes before combining the measurement results. Using quantum mechanics and estimation theory, here I show that any such spatially local measurement scheme, such as heterodyne detection, is fundamentally inferior to coherently nonlocal measurements, such as direct detection, for estimating the mutual coherence of bipartite thermal light when the average photon flux is low. This surprising result reveals an overlooked signature of quantum nonlocality in a classic optics experiment.
description: v2: accepted by PRL
Amplification of the Index of Refraction of Aqueous Immersion Fluids by Ionic Surfactants
Creators: name: Lee, Kwangjoo
name: Kunjappu, Joy T.
name: Jockusch, Steffen
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Widerschpan, Tatjana
name: Zhou, Jianming
name: Smith, Bruce W.
name: Zimmerman, Paul
name: Conley, Will
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: In order to find new immersion liquids to improve the resolution of 193 nm immersion photolithography, we have attempted to discover aqueous system possessing an index of refraction greater than that of water using aqueous surfactant systems. The index of refraction (RI) of both cationic and anionic surfactant systems were examined in the presence of wide range of inorganic salts, and parameters such as size of surfactants, concentrations, and temperature were varied. The refractive index (RI) was found to be increased in the presence of both anionic and cationic surfactants compared to those of water and also increased as a function of surfactant concentration. However the refractive index tends to increase much more strongly as a function of salt concentration. In our study, a maximum RI enhancement was observed from 6.5 M CdCl2 in 8.2 mM aqueous SDS solution. The effect of micellar properties such as the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and degree of ionization were systematically studied for aqueous SDS system in the presence of CdCl2. The correlation on index of refraction between empirical data and theoretical prediction were performed using the concept of molar refraction. Wavelength dependence of RI from theoretical prediction based on empirical equation was examined for various concentration of CdCl2 system and the results are reported in the paper.
Superstatistics of Blaschke products
Creators: name: Penrose, Chris
name: Beck, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a dynamics generated by families of maps whose invariant density depends on a parameter a and where a itself obeys a stochastic or periodic dynamics. For slowly varying a the long-term behavior of iterates is described by a suitable superposition of local invariant densities. We provide rigorous error estimates how good this approximation is. Our method generalizes the concept of superstatistics, a useful technique in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, to maps. Our main example are Blaschke products, for which we provide rigorous bounds on the difference between Birkhoff density and the superstatistical composition.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure. Replaced by final version published in Dynamical Systems
MOESM2 of Polymorphisms of TGFBR1, TLR4 are associated with prognosis of gastric cancer in a Chinese population
Creators: name: He, Bangshun
name: Xu, Tao
name: Pan, Bei
name: Pan, Yuqin
name: Wang, Xuhong
name: Dong, Jingwu
name: Sun, Huiling
name: Xu, Xueni
name: Liu, Xiangxiang
name: Wang, Shukui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. eQTL analysis of mRNA expression in whole blood and genotype data. A: TLR4 rs1927911, p-value = 0.000016; B: TGF-BR1 rs6478974, p-value = 6.5e-7, and C: rs334348, p-value = 0.0000029. Figure S2. Results from the Haploreg website for the TGF-BR1 rs10512263.
Anne Bauchens
Creators: name: Hatch, Kristen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Anne Bauchens was a St. Louis, Missouri native who, at the age of twenty, moved to New York City in the hope of becoming an actor and was hired by William de Mille as a typist and stenographer in 1912. Five years later, she traveled to Hollywood to help William’s brother, producer-director Cecil B. De Mille, edit We Can’t Have Everything (1918). DeMille is quoted in the Los Angeles Herald Examiner as saying about her that “though a gentle person, professionally she is as firm as a stone wall . . . We argue over virtually every picture” (III 3). Nonetheless, she was the only person the director would permit to edit his films and continued working with him until his death in 1959.
Oxygen pressure measurement using singlet oxygen emission
Creators: name: Khalil, Gamal E.
name: Chang, Alvin
name: Gouterman, Martin
name: Callis, James B.
name: Dalton, Larry R.
name: Turro, Nicholas J.
name: Jockusch, Steffen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemistry
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Pressure sensitive paint (PSP) provides a visualization of two-dimensional pressure distributions on airfoil and model automobile surfaces. One type of PSP utilizes platinum tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphine (PtTFPP) dissolved in a fluoro-polymer film. Since the intense 650 nm triplet emission of PtTFPP is quenched by ground state oxygen, it is possible to measure two-dimensional oxygen concentration from the 650 nm emission intensity using a Stern-Volmer-type relationship. This article reports an alternative luminescence method to measure oxygen concentration based on the porphyrin-sensitized 1270 nm singlet oxygen emission, which can be imaged with an InGaAs near infrared camera. This direct measurement of oxygen emission complements and further validates the oxygen measurement based on PtTFPP phosphorescence quenching. Initial success at obtaining a negative correlation between the 650nm PtTFPP emission and the 1270 nm O_2 emission in solution led us to additional two-dimensional film studies using surfaces coated with PtTFPP, MgTFPP, and H_2TFPP in polymers in a pressure and temperature controlled chamber.
Laura Bayley
Creators: name: Fletcher, Tony
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Laura Eugenia Bayley was born in Ramsgate, England, in 1864. With her three sisters, Blanche, Florence, and Eva, she performed as part of J.D. Hunter’s Theatre Company at the Brighton Aquarium. When she was twenty-four, Laura married George Albert Smith. They had two children, Harold Norman, born in 1889, and Dorothy Eugenie, born in 1890.
Implications of sterile neutrinos for medium/long-baseline neutrino experiments and the determination of $θ_{13}$
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Bhubanjyoti
name: Thalapillil, Arun M.
name: Wagner, Carlos E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit some of the recent neutrino observations and anomalies in the context of sterile neutrinos. Based on a general parametrization motivated in the presence of sterile neutrinos, the consistency of the MINOS disappearance data with additional sterile neutrinos is discussed. We also explore the implications of sterile neutrinos for the measurement of $|U_{\mu3}|$ in this case. Regarding the determination of $|U_{e3}|$, we observe that the existence of sterile neutrinos may induce a significant modification of the $θ_{13}$ angle in neutrino appearance experiments like T2K and MINOS, over and above the ambiguities and degeneracies that are already present in 3-neutrino parameter extractions. The modification is less significant in reactor neutrino experiments like Double-CHOOZ, Daya Bay and RENO and therefore the extracted $|U_{e3}|$ value when sterile neutrinos are present is close to the one that would be obtained in the 3-neutrino case. We also conclude that the results from T2K imply a 90% C.L. lower-bound on $|U_{e3}|$, in the "$\,3+2$" neutrino case, which is still within the sensitivity of future reactor neutrino experiments like Daya Bay, and consistent with the one-$σ$ range of $\sin^22θ_{13}$ recently reported by the Double-CHOOZ experiment. Finally, we argue that for the recently determined best-fit parameters, the results in the "$\,3+1$" scenario would be very close to the medium/long baseline results obtained in the "$\,3+2$" case analyzed in this work.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, revtex4-1. Typos corrected, published version
title: Versorgungssicherheitsreserve kann Strommarkt absichern und Flexibilität erschließen
Creators: name: Neuhoff, Karsten
name: Kemfert, Claudia
name: Kittel, Martin
name: Klaucke, Franziska
name: Roth, Alexander
name: Schill, Wolf-Peter
name: Stolle, Leon
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Q41 Energy: Demand and Supply
subject: Q42 Alternative Energy Sources
subject: Q48 Energy: Government Policy
subject: capacity mechanisms
subject: capacity markets
subject: capacity reserve
subject: security of supply
subject: market design

description: Mit dem steigenden Anteil der Stromerzeugung aus Wind- und Solarenergie wächst die Bedeutung von Flexibilität auf der Nachfrageseite. Speichertechnologien für Wärme und Zwischenprodukte erlauben es, verstärkt Strom aus Stunden hoher Wind- und Solarproduktion zu nutzen. Zusätzlich dürften auch weiterhin steuerbare Kraftwerkskapazitäten notwendig sein, um sich gegen extreme Wetterlagen, Risiken in globalen Energiemärkten und Unsicherheiten im Transformationsprozess abzusichern. In diesem Kontext sollen Kapazitätsmechanismen die Versorgungssicherheit im Stromsystem gewährleisten. Im Bericht werden verschiedene Typen von Kapazitätsmechanismen vorgestellt. Für zwei dieser Mechanismen, ein zentraler Kapazitätsmarkt und eine Versorgungssicherheitsreserve, werden die Stromsektoreffekte in einer Modellierung untersucht. Die Analyse zeigt: Ein zentraler Kapazitätsmarkt deckelt die Strompreise stark, wodurch Anreize für Investitionen in nachfrageseitige Flexibilitätstechnologien deutlich einschränkt werden. Bei vergleichbaren Gesamtkosten für Stromkunden kann eine Versorgungssicherheitsreserve deutlich größere Flexibilitätspotenziale erschließen, was mit wachsenden Anteilen von Wind- und Solarenergie immer wichtiger wird.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 49, S. 781-789
Immunogenicity and safety of a high-dose and prolonged-schedule hepatitis B vaccine among chronic kidney disease patients: a randomized, parallel-controlled trial
Creators: name: Feng, Yongliang
name: Yao, Tian
name: Han, Yujie
name: Shi, Jing
name: Dong, Shuang
name: Wu, Yuanting
name: Shao, Zhihong
name: Liu, Hongting
name: Guo, Hongping
name: Chai, Guowei
name: Liu, Liming
name: Wang, Fuzhen
name: Wang, Jianmin
name: Liang, Xiaofeng
name: Wang, Suping
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: The immunogenicity against hepatitis B vaccine is unsatisfactory in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and studies evaluating augmented vaccine regimens to enhance immunogenicity have been inconclusive. Objectives: To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of four-standard-dose and four-triple-dose regimens hepatitis B vaccine among CKD patients in China. Research design and methods: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, parallel-controlled trial including 273 patients with CKD who were randomly allocated to receive 3 or 4 doses of 20 or 60 µg of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Main outcome measures: Seroconversion rates, high-level response rates, and geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of anti-HBs at months 3 and 7. Results: The seroconversion rates and high-level responses in the IM20 × 4 group and the IM60 × 4 group were higher than those in the IM20 × 3 group at months 3 and 7 (P < 0.05). The IM60 × 4 group had better immune responses than the IM20 × 4 group at month 3 (P < 0.05); however, no significant difference was noted at month 7 (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Both the four-standard-dose and four-triple-dose regimens improved immune response compared to the three-standard-dose regimen of hepatitis B vaccination in CKD patients, and the additional effect of higher dose was minimal. Trial registration: The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (CT.gov identifier: NCT03962881).
title: Auslandsüberweisungen spielen eine essenzielle Rolle bei der Entwicklungshilfe: Interview
Creators: name: Zinn, Sabine
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 49, S. 780
Use of Wavelet Transforms in Analysis of Timeâ€“Activity Data from Cardiac PET
Creators: name: Lin, Jou-Wei
name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Akinboboye, Olakunle
name: Bergmann, Steven R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: Because of its intrinsic quantitative properties, PET permits measurement of myocardial perfusion and metabolism in absolute terms (i.e., mL/g/min). However, quantification has been limited by errors produced in image acquisition, selection of regions of interest, and data analysis. The goal of this study was to evaluate a newly developed, novel, wavelet-based noise-reduction approach that can objectively extract biologic signals hidden within dynamic PET data. Methods: Quantification of myocardial perfusion using dynamic PET imaging with 82Rb, H215O, and 13NH3 was selected to evaluate the effects of the wavelet-based noise-reduction protocol. Dynamic PET data were fitted to appropriate mathematic models before and after wavelet-based noise reduction to get flow estimates. Time–activity curves, precision, accuracy, and differentiating capacity derived from the wavelet protocol were compared with those obtained from unmodified data processing. A total of 84 human studies was analyzed, including 43 at rest (18 82Rb scans, 18 H215O scans, and 7 13NH3 scans) and 41 after coronary hyperemia with dipyridamole (17 82Rb scans, 17 H215O scans, and 7 13NH3 scans). Results: For every tracer tested under all conditions, the wavelet method improved the shape of blood and tissue time–activity curves, increased estimate-to-error ratios, and maintained fidelity of flow in regions as small as 0.85 cm3. It also improved the accuracy of flow estimates derived from 82Rb to the level of that achieved with H215O, which was not affected markedly by the wavelet process. In studies of patients with coronary disease, regional heterogeneity of myocardial perfusion was preserved and flow estimates in infarcted regions were differentiated more easily from normal regions. Conclusion: The wavelet-based noise-reduction method effectively and objectively extracted tracer time–activity curves from data with low signal-to-noise ratios and improved the accuracy and precision of measurements with all tracer techniques studied. The approach should be generalizable to other image modalities such as functional MRI and CT and, therefore, improve the ability to quantify dynamic physiologic processes.
Unconventional superconducting gap via spin fluctuations in iron-vacancy ordered A$_{y}$Fe$_{2-x}$Se$_{2}$
Creators: name: Huang, Shin-Ming
name: Mou, Chung-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on an effective 12-orbital tight-binding model, we examine the superconducting states induced by the antiferromagnetic fluctuations for iron-vacancy-ordered A$_{y}$Fe$_{2-x}$Se$_{2}$. It is shown that due to the broken reflection symmetry induced by the iron vacancies, new superconducting states with $C_{4h}$ symmetry emerge. In particular, we show that in the $C_{4h}$ symmetry, symmetric axes of the pairing momenta do not need to coincide with axes of the unit cell. As a result, in addition to the magnitude of the pairing gap, the relative orientation of the pairing wave function to the lattice forms another degree of freedom for characterizing the superconducting gap and can further help in gaining the condensation energy. Nonetheless, similar to other iron-based superconductors, the singlet ground state is still dominated by s-wave or d-wave, which are nearly degenerate with anisotropic gaps. Furthermore, s-wave and d-wave superconducting states are separated by a quantum critical point controlled by the Hund's rule coupling $J_{H}$.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Marguerite Bertsch
Creators: name: Parchesky, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Little is known about the background or personal life of Marguerite Bertsch, who is quoted in a Photoplay biography in 1916 as saying that “I believe one’s work should speak for one, and if it cannot do that, the less said, the better” (160). We do know that she was well educated, having attended Columbia University, and that she worked as a public school teacher before joining the Vitagraph staff in New York. The same 1916 “thumbnail biography” also mentions playwright Beatrice deMille, mother of Cecil, as an early mentor. Beginning as a staff writer at Vitagraph in 1911, Bertsch had risen by 1914 to become editor-in-chief of the scenario department—succeeding Beta Breuil—where she was responsible for evaluating hundreds of scenarios submitted weekly to the company, selecting promising properties, and revising scripts, all while continuing to write her own original scenarios. Contemporary reports, like that in the New York Telegraph in 1916 emphasize her professional achievements and intellectual acumen, describing her as “a big woman mentally” and “delightfully feminine, but with the brain of a diplomat.” A 1916 cartoon in the Columbus Dispatch depicts her as a bespectacled figure taking a pen to an enormous pile of scenarios under the caption, “Margaret Bertsh [sic] is a scholarly woman.”
Macroscopic Quantum States and Quantum Phase Transition in Dicke Models of Arbitrary Atom-Number
Creators: name: Lian, Jinling
name: Zhang, Yuanwei
name: Liang, J. -Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy spectrum of Dicke Hamiltonians with and without the rotating wave approximation for arbitrary atom-number is obtained analytically with the variational method, in which the effective pseudo-spin Hamiltonian resulted from the expectation value in the boson-field coherent state is diagonalized by the spin-coherent-state transformation. In addition to the ground-state energy an excited macroscopic quantum-state is found corresponding to the south-and-north-pole gauges of the spin-coherent states respectively. Our results of ground-state energies in exact agreement with various approaches show that these models exhibit a zero-temperature quantum phase transition of second-order for any number of atoms, which however was commonly considered as a phenomenon of the thermodynamic limit with the atom-number tending to infinite. The critical behavior of geometric phase is analyzed, which displays no singularity at the critical point.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
D3.2 PIACERE Abstractions DOML and DOML-E v2-v1.0
Creators: name: Xiang, Bin
name: Di Nitto, Elisabetta
name: Nedeltcheva, Galia Novakova
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Model-Driven Engineering, metamodels, modelling abstractions, Infrastructure as Code

description: This deliverable is the output of tasks 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3. It presents the latest consolidated version of the DOML the metamodel and the corresponding semantic, as well as machine-readable descriptions of the aspects that are relevant to the main phases of the IaC lifecycle seamlessly integrated with the design and development of the IaC lifecycle. This metamodel will be then presented as an end-user language enabling the modeling of the different elements needed for the infrastructure provisioning, configuration management, and deployment, the deployable infrastructural components, constraints, and so on. The various iterations will seek and take into consideration the feedback from PIACERE’s end users and, possibly, other users outside the project to ensure that the language is sufficiently powerful and simple to use.
Ouida Bergère
Creators: name: Simmons, Laura Jacquelyn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Ouida Bergère was perhaps best known in the film industry as Mrs. Basil Rathbone and party hostess extraordinaire. However, before her marriage, to Rathbone, Bergère was a prominent and top paid scenario writer. Bergère was born in Spain, but moved to the US at the age of six. Her father was French-Spanish and her mother, British (Lowrey 1920, 22). There is some conflicting information regarding her birth name; most sources claim she was born Ida Bergère, others Eulalia Bergère. Regardless, upon entering the film industry, she changed her name to Ouida.
title: Geflüchtete senden seltener Geld ins Ausland als andere Migrant*innen
Creators: name: Cardozo Silva, Adriana
name: Zinn, Sabine
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: F24 Remittances
subject: F22 International Migration
subject: remittances
subject: international migration

description: Über Geldüberweisungen von Geflüchteten in ihre Heimat wurde in den vergangenen Jahren in Deutschland politisch scharf debattiert, was zur Einführung einer Bezahlkarte für Asylbewerber*innen führte. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, wie sich der Anteil der in Deutschland lebenden Personen, die Geld ins Ausland überweisen, im Laufe der Zeit je nach Migrationshintergrund – mit oder ohne Fluchthintergrund – verändert hat und welche Faktoren die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Geldsendungen beeinflussen. Basierend auf den Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) sowie den IAB-SOEP-Migrationsstichproben und der IAB-BAMFSOEP- Befragung Geflüchteter von 2013 bis 2022 zeigt die Untersuchung, dass Migrant*innen ohne Fluchthintergrund häufiger Geldtransfers tätigen, während Geflüchtete aufgrund struktureller Barrieren seltener dazu in der Lage sind. Die politische Debatte spiegelt also nicht die Realität wider. Über die Wahrscheinlichkeit, Geldüberweisungen ins Ausland zu tätigen, entscheiden insbesondere die Familiensituation und die Absicht, längerfristig in Deutschland zu bleiben. Die Ergebnisse sollten auch insofern zu einer Neubewertung beitragen, als diese Geldüberweisungen ein wichtiges Instrument zur Erreichung der nachhaltigen Entwicklungsziele darstellen und die Wirtschaft in den Herkunftsländern stabilisieren und Armut reduzieren.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 49, S. 771-779
Comment on Reparametrization Invariance of Quark-Lepton Complementarity
Creators: name: Li, Guan-Nan
name: Lin, Hsiu-Hsien
name: He, Xiao-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the complementarity between quark and lepton mixing angles (QLC), the sum of an angle in quark mixing and the corresponding angle in lepton mixing is $π/4$. Experimentally in the standard PDG parametrization, two such relations exist approximately. These QLC relations are accidental which only manifest themselves in the PDG parametrization. We propose reparametrization invariant expressions for the complementarity relations in terms of the magnitude of the elements in the quark and lepton mixing matrices. In the exact QLC limit, it is found that $|V_{us}/V_{ud}| + |V_{e2}/V_{e1}| + |V_{us}/V_{ud}| |V_{e2}/V_{e1}| =1$ and $|V_{cb}/V_{tb}| + |V_{μ3}/V_{τ3}| +|V_{cb}/V_{tb}|| {V_{μ3}}/V_{τ3}| =1$. Expressions with deviations from exact complementarity are obtained. Implications of these relations are also discussed.
description: 5 pages and 1 figure. Implications for recent Daya-Bay neutrino data on theta_{13} discussed
The Vigilance Defense: Proven Systems and Well-Prepared People Are Our Best Protection Against Bioterror
Creators: name: Morse, Stephen S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Disaster medicine--Planning
Emergency management--Planning
Bioterrorism

description: Last fall, when physicians diagnosed anthrax in a Florida man named Robert Stevens, they initially suspected that they were seeing a rare, natural case of the disease. The infection of a co-worker of Stevens, however, put the country on alert. Five people eventually died, but the quick recognition that the earliest anthrax infections resulted from a purposeful release of bacteria surely saved many lives: infected people were diagnosed and treated sooner, and officials isolated anthrax-tainted mail. Federal and local governments have long considered bioterrorism a law enforcement issue. But both the anthrax episode and recent simulations of simultaneous smallpox releases in Atlanta, Philadelphia and Oklahoma City and of a plague attack on Denver highlight what perhaps should be obvious: bioterrorism is first and foremost a public health concern. For now and the foreseeable future, the first indication of a bioterror attack—as in a natural outbreak of a dangerous infectious disease—will be sick people showing up at emergency rooms rather than a high-tech device sounding an alarm that a pathogen has been released in a public place. The smallpox exercise in particular showed that the health care system is unprepared for the large numbers of people who would become sick in a worst-case scenario, not to mention the demands for attention from the "worried well," who would merely fear that they might be ill.
Geometry dependence of the clogging transition in tilted hoppers
Creators: name: Thomas, C. C.
name: Durian, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the effect of system geometry on the clogging of granular material flowing out of flat-bottomed hoppers with variable aperture size D. For such systems, there exists a critical aperture size Dc at which there is a divergence in the time for a flow to clog. To better understand the origins of Dc, we perturb the system by tilting the hopper an angle Q and mapping out a clogging phase diagram as a function of Q and D. The clogging transition demarcates the boundary between the freely-flowing (large D, small Q) and clogging (small D, large Q) regimes. We investigate how the system geometry affects Dc by mapping out this phase diagram for hoppers with either a circular hole or a rectangular narrow slit. Additionally, we vary the grain shape, investigating smooth spheres (glass beads), compact angular grains (beach sand), disk-like grains (lentils), and rod-like grains (rice). We find that the value of Dc grows with increasing Q, diverging at pi-Qr where Qr is the angle of repose. For circular apertures, the shape of the clogging transition is the same for all grain types. However, this is not the case for the narrow slit apertures, where the rate of growth of the critical hole size with tilt angle depends on the material.
title: Derzeitige Rentenregel für besonders langjährig Versicherte ist wenig zielgenau: Interview
Creators: name: Felder, Lars
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 48, S. 766
Exosomes derived from autologous dermal fibroblasts promote diabetic cutaneous wound healing through the Akt/β-catenin pathway
Creators: name: Han, Xinye
name: Wu, Peipei
name: Li, Linli
name: Sahal, Hassan Mohamud
name: Ji, Cheng
name: Zhang, Jiahui
name: Wang, Yi
name: Wang, Qichen
name: Qian, Hui
name: Shi, Hui
name: Xu, Wenrong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Virology

description: Diabetic cutaneous wounds are one of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and are difficult to cure at present. Autologous dermal fibroblasts (DFs) have shown great promise in skin regeneration and repair. However, whether exosomes derived from autologous dermal fibroblasts (DF-Ex) can be used to accelerate diabetic cutaneous wound healing is unclear. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with high glucose. We found that DF-Ex could reverse the damage produced by high glucose in HUVECs in vitro. A high-fat diet and streptozotocin were used to establish a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and a diabetic cutaneous wound model was established in the T2DM rats. We discovered that subcutaneous injections of DF-Ex could significantly promote re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, skin cell proliferation, angiogenesis and inhibit inflammation to accelerate diabetic cutaneous wound healing. We further explored the underlying mechanism and found that DF-Ex exerted positive effects by activating the Akt/β-catenin pathway. This research revealed that DF-Ex may provide a new treatment strategy for diabetic cutaneous wound healing.
Replacement of Carbon Black with Coppiced Biochar in Guayule Rubber Composites Improves Tensile Properties
Creators: name: Peterson, Steve
name: McMahan, Colleen M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 340305
subject: Physical properties of materials

description: Data repository for the manuscript "Replacement of Carbon Black with Coppiced Biochar in Guayule Rubber Composites Improves Tensile Properties", published in the Journal of Composites Science.
Progress in Neutron Scattering Studies of Spin Excitations in High-Tc Cuprates
Creators: name: Fujita, Masaki
name: Hiraka, Haruhiro
name: Matsuda, Masaaki
name: Matsuura, Masato
name: Tranquada, John M.
name: Wakimoto, Shuichi
name: Xu, Guangyong
name: Yamada, Kazuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron scattering experiments continue to improve our knowledge of spin fluctuations in layered cuprates, excitations that are symptomatic of the electronic correlations underlying high-temperature superconductivity. Time-of-flight spectrometers, together with new and varied single crystal samples, have provided a more complete characterization of the magnetic energy spectrum and its variation with carrier concentration. While the spin excitations appear anomalous in comparison with simple model systems, there is clear consistency among a variety of cuprate families. Focusing initially on hole-doped systems, we review the nature of the magnetic spectrum, and variations in magnetic spectral weight with doping. We consider connections with the phenomena of charge and spin stripe order, and the potential generality of such correlations as suggested by studies of magnetic-field and impurity induced order. We contrast the behavior of the hole-doped systems with the trends found in the electron-doped superconductors. Returning to hole-doped cuprates, studies of translation-symmetry-preserving magnetic order are discussed, along with efforts to explore new systems. We conclude with a discussion of future challenges.
description: revised version, to be published in JPSJ, 20 pages, 21 figures
StabilizationOfThePVTOLUsingNonlinearFeedbackControl.slx
Creators: name: Lozano, Rogelio
name: Salazar, Sergio
name: Flores, Jonathan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90602 Control Systems, Robotics and Automation
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 91302 Automation and Control Engineering
subject: 90104 Aircraft Performance and Flight Control Systems
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 90407 Process Control and Simulation
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: 10203 Calculus of Variations, Systems Theory and Control Theory
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents a new control strategy for the well known problem of the PVTOL. The total thrust is computed using a non linear feedback compensation so that the altitude reaches the desired altitude. The horizontal position x is then controlled by choosing the orientation angle theta as a smooth saturation function of x and its derivative. A proof of convergence is presented using a Lyapunov approach. The proposed control strategy is successfully tested in numerical simulations.
title: Rente nach 45 Jahren: Auch Personen mit geringer Arbeitsbelastung gehen frühzeitig abschlagsfrei in Ruhestand
Creators: name: Buslei, Hermann
name: Felder, Lars
name: Geyer, Johannes
name: Haan, Peter
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: H55 Social Security and Public Pensions
subject: J13 Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
subject: J21 Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
subject: J26 Retirement; Retirement Policies
subject: pension reform
subject: job demand
subject: early retirement
subject: labor market biographies

description: Fast ein Drittel der Personen, die neu in Altersrente gehen, nutzt derzeit die Möglichkeit eines frühzeitigen Renteneintritts ohne Abschläge nach einer besonders langen Erwerbskarriere. Häufig wird diese Art der – in der breiten Öffentlichkeit als „Rente mit 63“ bekannten – vorgezogenen Altersrente für besonders langjährig Versicherte mit Personen assoziiert, die lange schwer gearbeitet haben. Wie dieser Wochenbericht zeigt, ist die Dauer der Erwerbskarriere aber nur ein sehr grober Indikator für die Belastungen, die mit einer Beschäftigung einhergehen: Die beruflichen Belastungen fallen im Durchschnitt nämlich insbesondere bei einer kürzeren Erwerbskarriere hoch aus, während sie bei einer längeren Karriere oft eher niedrig sind. Aus sozialpolitischer Perspektive ist es nachvollziehbar, im Kontext steigender Regelaltersgrenzen Möglichkeiten zu entwickeln, die besonders belasteten Personen einen früheren Rentenzugang erlauben. Das ist auch in anderen Ländern, die die Altersgrenzen angehoben haben, zu beobachten. Allerdings ist die Dauer der Erwerbstätigkeit kein hinreichend guter Indikator. Zielgerichteter wäre ein Instrument, das an der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit der Versicherten ansetzt.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 48, S. 759-765
Francesca Bertini
Creators: name: Dall’Asta, Monica
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Francesca Bertini was an extremely careful guardian of her image and legacy throughout her whole life. A major star of the international silent screen, she has recounted her hugely successful career in different autobiographic writings and interventions. An invaluable source of information for the history of Italian cinema, these documents are notoriously reticent—and sometimes unreliable—about certain personal details of her life. For example, she never revealed to have been first registered in 1892 at an orphanage in Florence as Elena Taddei, the daughter of Adelina di Venanzio Fratiglioni, a single mother and possibly a stage actress (Jandelli 2006, 31-2). While many sources indicate her first surname to be Seracini, the only concrete information we have about her acquired identity is that she became Elena Vitiello in 1910, when her mother married Arturo Vitiello, a Neapolitan propman or furniture dealer. Bertini was introduced to the sprightly Neapolitan theatrical milieu at an early age. She got her first, supporting role on stage when she was just seventeen, in the widely acclaimed 1909 production of “Assunta Spina”—an intense southern melodrama by reputed author Salvatore Di Giacomo. One of the most representative texts of the new Neapolitan popular theater, “Assunta Spina” was later transposed on screen by Bertini in 1915. The final result is still regarded as one of the masterpieces of Italian silent cinema and an emblematic example of Verist cinema. By 1915, Bertini had already been cast in more than 50 films, including many one and two-reel historical reconstructions and a few features. The following years saw her continuing to grow in popularity, with her films gaining huge acclaim wherever they were presented, from Europe to Latin America and from Russia to the United States.
A new microRNA signal pathway regulated by long noncoding RNA TGFB2-OT1 in autophagy and inflammation of vascular endothelial cells
Creators: name: Huang, ShuYa
name: Lu, Wei
name: Ge, Di
name: Meng, Ning
name: Li, Ying
name: Su, Le
name: Zhang, ShangLi
name: Zhang, Yun
name: Zhao, BaoXiang
name: Miao, JunYing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: TGFB2-OT1 (TGFB2 overlapping transcript 1) is a newly discovered long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) derived from the 3′UTR of TGFB2. It can regulate autophagy in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). However, the mechanisms of TGFB2-OT1 action are unclear, and whether it is involved in VECs dysfunction needs investigation. Here, the level of TGFB2-OT1 was markedly increased by lipopolysaccharide and oxidized low-density lipoprotein, 2 VECs inflammation triggers. A chemical small molecule, 3-benzyl-5-((2-nitrophenoxy) methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (3BDO) significantly decreased TGFB2-OT1 levels and inhibited the effect of LPS and oxLDL. The NUPR1 level was upregulated by the 2 inflammation inducers and modulated the TGFB2-OT1 level by promoting the expression of TIA1, responsible for TGFB2-OT1 processing. We focused on how TGFB2-OT1 regulated autophagy and inflammation. Use of miRNA chip assay, TGFB2-OT1 overexpression technology and 3BDO revealed that TGFB2-OT1 regulated the levels of 3 microRNAs, MIR3960, MIR4488 and MIR4459. Further studies confirmed that TGFB2-OT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA, bound to MIR3960, MIR4488 and MIR4459, then regulated the expression of the miRNA targets CERS1 (ceramide synthase 1), NAT8L (N-acetyltransferase 8-like [GCN5-related, putative]), and LARP1 (La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 1). CERS1 and NAT8L participate in autophagy by affecting mitochondrial function. TGFB2-OT1 increased the LARP1 level, which promoted SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1) expression, NFKB RELA and CASP1 activation, and then production of IL6, IL8 and IL1B in VECs. Thus, NUPR1 and TIA1 may control the level of TGFB2-OT1, and TGFB2-OT1 bound to MIR3960, MIR4488 and MIR4459, which targeted CERS1, NAT8L, and LARP1, respectively, the key proteins involved in autophagy and inflammation.
Speckle Reduction and Contrast Enhancement of Echocardiograms via Multiscale Nonlinear Processing
Creators: name: Zong, Xuli
name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Geiser, Edward A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: This paper presents an algorithm for speckle reduction and contrast enhancement of echocardiographic images. Within a framework of multiscale wavelet analysis, the authors apply wavelet shrinkage techniques to eliminate noise while preserving the sharpness of salient features. In addition, nonlinear processing of feature energy is carried out to enhance contrast within local structures and along object boundaries. The authors show that the algorithm is capable of not only reducing speckle, but also enhancing features of diagnostic importance, such as myocardial walls in two-dimensional echocardiograms obtained from the parasternal short-axis view. Shrinkage of wavelet coefficients via soft thresholding within finer levels of scale is carried out on coefficients of logarithmically transformed echocardiograms. Enhancement of echocardiographic features is accomplished via nonlinear stretching followed by hard thresholding of wavelet coefficients within selected (midrange) spatial-frequency levels of analysis. The authors formulate the denoising and enhancement problem, introduce a class of dyadic wavelets, and describe their implementation of a dyadic wavelet transform. Their approach for speckle reduction and contrast enhancement was shown to be less affected by pseudo-Gibbs phenomena. The authors show experimentally that this technique produced superior results both qualitatively and quantitatively when compared to results obtained from existing denoising methods alone. A study using a database of clinical echocardiographic images suggests that such denoising and enhancement may improve the overall consistency of expert observers to manually defined borders.
StabilizationOfThePVTOLUsingNonlinearFeedbackControl.slx
Creators: name: Flores, Jonathan
name: Lozano, Rogelio
name: Salazar, Sergio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90602 Control Systems, Robotics and Automation
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 91302 Automation and Control Engineering
subject: 90104 Aircraft Performance and Flight Control Systems
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 90407 Process Control and Simulation
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: 10203 Calculus of Variations, Systems Theory and Control Theory
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents a new control strategy for the well known problem of the PVTOL. The total thrust is computed using a non linear feedback compensation so that the altitude reaches the desired altitude. The horizontal position x is then controlled by choosing the orientation angle theta as a smooth saturation function of x and its derivative. A proof of convergence is presented using a Lyapunov approach. The proposed control strategy is successfully tested in numerical simulations.
Clara Beranger
Creators: name: Rossiter, Lori
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: A gifted and dedicated writer, Clara Beranger managed a career spanning three decades, as a scenarist and screenwriter and, in her later years, as a book writer and lecturer. As a woman who thrived in the fledgling art form, Beranger leaves behind an impressive footprint—credits on eighty silent films of which sixteen are extant and four sound films as well as a handful of published interviews in which she is outspoken and passionate about women working in the industry. Privately, she began an affair with the director and screenwriter William C. deMille that led to years of successful professional collaboration.
Orientable regular maps with Euler characteristic divisible by few primes
Creators: name: Gill, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F05 (Primary), 20D05, 05C10 (Secondary)

description: Let $G$ be a $(2,m,n)$-group and let $x$ be the number of distinct primes dividing $χ$, the Euler characteristic of $G$. We prove, first, that, apart from a finite number of known exceptions, a non-abelian simple composition factor $T$ of $G$ is a finite group of Lie type with rank $n\leq x$. This result is proved using new results connecting the prime graph of $T$ to the integer $x$. We then study the particular cases $x=1$ and $x=2$. We give a general structure statement for $(2,m,n)$-groups which have Euler characteristic a prime power, and we construct an infinite family of these objects. We also give a complete classification of those $(2,m,n)$-groups which are almost simple and for which the Euler characteristic is a prime power (there are four such). Finally we study those $(2,m,n)$-groups which are almost simple and for which the Euler characteristic is a product of two prime powers. All such groups which are not isomorphic to $PSL_2(q)$ or $PGL_2(q)$ are completely classified.
description: 21 pages. The second half of the previous version has been excised and will form a separate paper. I have also restated some lemmas
Mammographic Feature Enhancement by Multiscale Analysis
Creators: name: Laine, Andrew F.
name: Schuler, Sergio
name: Fan, Jian
name: Huda, Walter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Medicine
Biomedical engineering

description: Introduces a novel approach for accomplishing mammographic feature analysis by overcomplete multiresolution representations. The authors show that efficient representations may be identified within a continuum of scale-space and used to enhance features of importance to mammography. Methods of contrast enhancement are described based on three overcomplete multiscale representations: 1) the dyadic wavelet transform (separable), 2) the φ-transform (nonseparable, nonorthogonal), and 3) the hexagonal wavelet transform (nonseparable). Multiscale edges identified within distinct levels of transform space provide local support for image enhancement. Mammograms are reconstructed from wavelet coefficients modified at one or more levels by local and global nonlinear operators. In each case, edges and gain parameters are identified adaptively by a measure of energy within each level of scale-space. The authors show quantitatively that transform coefficients, modified by adaptive nonlinear operators, can make more obvious unseen or barely seen features of mammography without requiring additional radiation. The authors' results are compared with traditional image enhancement techniques by measuring the local contrast of known mammographic features. They demonstrate that features extracted from multiresolution representations can provide an adaptive mechanism for accomplishing local contrast enhancement. By improving the visualization of breast pathology, one can improve chances of early detection while requiring less time to evaluate mammograms for most patients.