cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Study of the discontinuity of the exchange-correlation potential in an exactly soluble case
Creators: name: Gori-Giorgi, Paola
name: Savin, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was found by Perdew, Parr, Levy, and Balduz [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 49}, 1691 (1982)] and by Sham and Schlüter [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 51}, 1884 (1983)] that the exact Kohn-Sham exchange-correlation potential of an open system may jump discontinuosly as the particle number crosses an integer, with important physical consequences. Recently, Sagvolden and Perdew [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 77}, 012517 (2008)] have analyzed the discontinuity of the exchange-correlation potential as the particle number crosses one, with an illustration that uses a model density for the H$^-$ ion. In this work, we extend their analysis to the case in which the external potential is the simple harmonic confinement, choosing spring-constant values for which the two-electron hamiltonian has an analytic solution. This way, we can obtain the exact, analytic, exchange and correlation potentials for particle number fluctuating between zero and two, illustrating the discontinuity as the particle number crosses one without introducing any model or approximation. We also discuss exchange and correlation separately.
description: Submitted to Int. J. Quantum Chem., special issue honoring Prof. Mayer. New version, where an important error has been corrected
title: Grundlegende Einführung in SPSS
Creators: name: Moeller, Katrin
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital humanities
subject: Gender
subject: Gender history
subject: Geschlechtergeschichte
subject: Geschlecht
subject: Geschichte
subject: Tagung
subject: Konferenz
subject: Epidemie
subject: Epidemic
subject: Mortality
subject: Sterblichkeit
subject: Datensätze
subject: Data
subject: Tutorial
subject: SPSS
subject: 940
subject: 943

description: Bei diesen Videos handelt es sich um den ungeschnittenen Vortrag der Konferenz „Digital Humanities and Gender History“.
description: These videos are the unedited presentation from the Digital Humanities and Gender History conference.
description: Digital humanities and gender historySäuglingssterblichkeit, Epidemie und demografische Geschlechtergeschichte, vol. 3
NEW MIDDLE–LATE DEVONIAN PLICATHYRIDINAE (ATHYRIDIDA, BRACHIOPODA) FROM WESTERN GERMANY AND EAST-EUROPEAN PLATFORM (RUSSIA)
Creators: name: Grunt, T.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: Brachiopoda
Athyridida
Middle Devonian
Eifelian Stage
Germany
Eifel Hills
Late Devonian
East-European Platform
Frasnian Stage
Famennian Stage.

description: Two new genera: Tumidinathyris from the Middle Devonian of the Eifel Hills (Germany) and Anathyroides from the Late Devonian of the West and East-European basins established. Intanathyris orlovi gen. et sp. nov. originates from the Late Devonian (Famennian Stage) of the Subpolar Urals. Classification of Superfamily Athyridoidea and distribution of Subfamily Plicathyridinae in the Middle–Late Devonian deposits of Germany and East-European Platform discussed
Welfare and Output with Income Effects and Demand Instability
Creators: name: Baqaee, David
name: Burstein, Ariel
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: economics

description: We characterize how welfare responds to changes in budget set and technology when preferences are non-homothetic or subject to shocks, in both partial and general equilibrium. We generalize Hulten’s theorem, the basis for constructing aggregate quantity indices, to this context. We show that calculating changes in welfare in response to a shock only requires knowledge of expenditure shares and elasticities of substitution and (given these elasticities) not of income elasticities and taste shocks. We also characterize the gap between changes in welfare and changes in chained indices. We apply our results to long-run and short-run phenomena. In the long-run, we show that structural transformation, if caused by income effects or changes in tastes, is roughly twice as important for welfare than what is implied by standard measures of Baumol’s cost disease. In the short-run, we provide evidence that chain-weighted price indices for non-durable consumer goods understate welfare-relevant inflation because product-level demand shocks are positively correlated with price changes. Finally, using the Covid-19 crisis we illustrate the differences between partial and general equilibrium notions of welfare, and we show that real consumption and real GDP are unreliable metrics for measuring welfare or production.
title: Häufigkeitsanalysen und Datenfilterung am Beispiel von Analysen des Sterbealters
Creators: name: Moeller, Katrin
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital humanities
subject: Gender
subject: Gender history
subject: Geschlechtergeschichte
subject: Geschlecht
subject: Geschichte
subject: Tagung
subject: Conference
subject: Epidemie
subject: Epidemic
subject: Mortality
subject: Sterblichkeit
subject: Datensätze
subject: Data
subject: Tutorial
subject: SPSS
subject: 940
subject: 943

description: Bei diesen Videos handelt es sich um den ungeschnittenen Vortrag der Konferenz „Digital Humanities and Gender History“.
description: These videos are the unedited presentation from the Digital Humanities and Gender History conference.
description: Digital humanities and gender historySäuglingssterblichkeit, Epidemie und demografische Geschlechtergeschichte, vol. 4
Unparticle-Induced Lepton Flavor Violating Decays τ^- ->l^- (V^0, ~P^0)
Creators: name: Li, Zuo-Hong
name: Li, Ying
name: Xu, Hong-Xia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make an evaluation of the lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays $τ\to \ell (V^0, P^0)$, where $\ell=e$ or $μ$ and $V^0(P^0)$ is a neutral vector (pseudo-scalar) meson, in the context of unparticle physics. The constraints are investigated systematically on the related coupling parameters from all the available experimental data, and the parameter values are specified appropriately. The results show that whereas over the whole parameter space allowed by experiments all the $τ\to \ell P^0$ modes have a branching ratio too small to be measurable experimentally, in a large subspace as observed all of the $τ\to \ell V^0$ modes get simultaneously a branching ratio as high as ${\cal O}(10^{-10}-10^{-8})$, which is reachable at the LHC and super B factory. The important implications are drawn.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, Version appeared in PLB with many new discussions and more references
Optimal Feedback in Contests
Creators: name: Ely, Jeffrey
name: Georgiadis, George
name: Khorasani, Sina
name: Rayo, Luis
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: economics

description: We derive an optimal dynamic contest for environments where the principal monitors effort through a coarse, binary performance measure and chooses prize-allocation and termination rules together with a real-time feedback policy. The optimal contest takes a stark cyclical form: contestants are kept fully apprised of their own successes, and at the end of each fixed-length cycle, if at least one agent has succeeded, the contest ends and the prize is shared equally among all successful agents regardless of when they succeeded; otherwise, the designer informs all contestants that nobody has yet succeeded and the contest resets.
title: 3. Teil (06.06.1991): Vorgespräch mit Stephan Justus Perthes
Creators: name: Forschungsbibliothek Gotha
Publisher: name: Universität Erfurt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Deutsch-deutsche Beziehungen
subject: Justus Perthes Verlag Gotha
subject: Justus Perthes Verlag Darmstadt
subject: Schroedel-Verlag
subject: Schulgeographie
subject: Treuhandanstalt
subject: VEB Hermann Haack
subject: Verlagswesen
subject: Westermann Verlag
subject: Projekt Kartenmacher aus Gotha
subject: 900

description: Projekt „Die Kartenmacher aus Gotha“: Audiovisuelles Rohmaterial 1959-2015
description: Vorgespräch mit Stephan Justus Perthes, 1991
Digital Twin-Assisted Controlling of AGVs in Flexible Manufacturing Environments
Creators: name: Azangoo, Mohammad
name: Taherkordi, Amir
name: Blech, Jan Olaf
name: Vyatkin, Valeriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Digital Twins are increasingly being introduced for smart manufacturing systems to improve the efficiency of the main disciplines of such systems. Formal techniques, such as graphs, are a common way of describing Digital Twin models, allowing broad types of tools to provide Digital Twin based services such as fault detection in production lines. Obtaining correct and complete formal Digital Twins of physical systems can be a complicated and time consuming process, particularly for manufacturing systems with plenty of physical objects and the associated manufacturing processes. Automatic generation of Digital Twins is an emerging research field and can reduce time and costs. In this paper, we focus on the generation of Digital Twins for flexible manufacturing systems with Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) on the factory floor. In particular, we propose an architectural framework and the associated design choices and software development tools that facilitate automatic generation of Digital Twins for AGVs. Specifically, the scope of the generated digital twins is controlling AGVs in the factory floor. To this end, we focus on different control levels of AGVs and utilize graph theory to generate the graph-based Digital Twin of the factory floor.
Relevance of Ion-Channeling for Direct DM Detection
Creators: name: Gelmini, Graciela B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The channeling of the recoiling nucleus in crystalline detectors after a WIMP collision would produce a larger scintillation or ionization signal in direct detection experiments than otherwise expected. I present estimates of the importance of this effect for the total direct detection rate and the daily modulation of the signal using analytic models produced in the 1960's and 70's to describe the effects of channeling and blocking in crystals.
description: Talk given at the TAUP 2009 conference, Rome, Italy, July 1-5 2009. 3 pages, 4 figures. jpconf.cls and jpconf11.clo files need to typeset the tex file
title: Vorgespräch mit Frieder Gebhardt, 1992
Creators: name: Forschungsbibliothek Gotha
Publisher: name: Universität Erfurt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geographiedidaktik
subject: Justus Perthes Verlag Gotha
subject: Justus Perthes Verlag Darmstadt
subject: Kartenherstellung
subject: politische Kartographie
subject: Schulgeographie
subject: thematische Kartographie
subject: Projekt Kartenmacher aus Gotha
subject: 900

description: Projekt „Die Kartenmacher aus Gotha“: Audiovisuelles Rohmaterial 1959-2015
Preventing Homelessness: Exploring the Role of Clinical Psychology in Adult Mental Health Services
Creators: name: Yousefzadeh, Hanna
Publisher: name: University of East London
Year: 2021
Subjects: Homelessness prevention
Clinical psychology
Homelessness

description: Aims: With homelessness rates continuing to rise, the government have attempted to address this issue over recent years by turning to public authority employees to take preventative action to those faced with threat of homelessness. How clinical psychology can contribute to the reduction of homelessness in adult mental health services is yet to be explored. This study aimed to better understand the role of clinical psychologists working in adult mental health services to prevent homelessness. Secondly, this study aimed to understand the facilitators and barriers that may get in the way of the profession contributing to the prevention of homelessness. Method: Twelve clinical psychologists working within adult mental health services in the UK participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to identify the participants’ ideas on the role of clinical psychology in the prevention of homelessness within adult mental health services. Results: Three themes were identified through thematic analysis; (1) ‘Understanding Homelessness’ describing how clinical psychologists define and understand homelessness in addition to what influences their understanding. (2) ‘System Structures’ describing NHS structures which may create barriers to prevention, how clinical psychologists have learnt from other organisations and professions and the role of professional bodies, and (3) ‘Clinical Psychologists’ Skills and Relevance’ describing the skills clinical psychologists have to prevent homelessness in the profession before considering reasons why it may not be appropriate for clinical psychologists to intervene in this social issue. Conclusion: This study reviewed the role of clinical psychology in the prevention of homelessness from the perspective of clinical psychologists working in adult mental health services. Clinical psychologists can intervene at an individual, service and political level to prevent homelessness. The profession is encouraged to work at all levels to address the distress caused by social issues that perpetuate homelessness.
Occupational Choice and the Intergenerational Mobility of Welfare
Creators: name: Boar, Corina
name: Lashkari, Danial
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: intergenerational mobility
compensating differentials
occupational choice

description: If the average worker attributes distinct values to the intrinsic qualities of different occupations, benefitting from those values constitutes part of one’s labor compensation. Based on responses in the General Social Survey (GSS), we construct an index that aggregates positive qualities such as respect, learning, and work hazards, controlling for respondent income and tenure. Using the PSID and NLSY data, we document that children of richer US parents are more likely to select into occupations that rank higher in terms of this index. We rationalize this fact when we introduce occupational choice with preferences over the intrinsic qualities of occupations into a standard theory of intergenerational mobility. Estimating the model allows us to infer the size of compensation each worker receives from their choice of occupation. When earnings are adjusted to reflect this additional compensation, we find substantially larger persistence of income from parents to children. Applying this adjustment, our model further predicts that the trends in the composition of labor demand in the US over the past three decades may have decreased intergenerational persistence, while also leading to higher growth in the welfare of the average worker.
Nonequilibrium quantum dynamics of atomic dark solitons
Creators: name: Martin, A D
name: Ruostekoski, J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum dynamics of bosonic atoms that are excited to form a phase kink, or several kinks, by an imprinting potential in a one-dimensional trap. We calculate dissipation due to quantum and thermal fluctuations in soliton trajectories, collisions and the core structure. Single-shot runs show weak filling of a soliton core, typically deeper solitons in the case of stronger fluctuations and spreading/disappearing solitons due to collisions. We also analyze a soliton system in an optical lattice that shows especially strong fluctuation-induced phenomena.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, to appear in New Journal of Physics
EuNi2P4, the first magnetic unconventional clathrate prepared via mechanochemically assisted route
Creators: name: Plokhikh, Igor V.
name: Khan, N.
name: Tsirlin, A. A.
name: Slenczka, Alkwin
name: Kuznetsov, A. N.
name: Charkin, D. O.
name: Shevelkov, A. V.
name: Pfitzner, Arno
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: For the first time, a magnetic unconventional clathrate EuNi2P4 has been prepared from the elements via a combined mechanochemical and solid-state route. Its crystal and electronic structure, magnetic and transport properties as well as lattice dynamics were elucidated. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fddd (Z = 8) with unit cell parameters a = 5.1852(1) Å, b = 9.4834(1) Å, and c = 18.9893(2) Å, V = 933.78(1) Å3 at room temperature. Its crystal structure can be described as a covalent Ni–P framework forming a twisted Kelvin cell with Eu2+ guest cations occupying the voids of this framework, which is supported by chemical bonding analysis based on the electron localization function topology. Eu2+ guests sit inside the oversized cages with a coordination number of 24 and exhibit strong rattling, which manifests in both thermodynamic properties and Raman spectra. The compound is metallic and exhibits a rather low thermal conductivity of ∼4 W K−1 m−1 at high temperature along with a positive Seebeck coefficient. The magnetism of EuNi2P4 is predetermined by Eu2+ (4f7) with dominant antiferromagnetic interactions. According to the magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity and resistivity measurements, EuNi2P4 undergoes three phase transitions at ∼2.5 K, 6.1 K and 11.3 K in zero magnetic field.
Making the Most of Limited Government Capacity:Theory and Experiment
Creators: name: Chassang, Sylvain
name: Del Carpio, Lucia
name: Kapon, Samuel
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: government capacity
limited enforcement
divide and conquer
common knowledge enforcement priorities
tax collection
bounded rationality
information design

description: Limits on a government's capacity to enforce laws can result in multiple equilibria. If most agents comply, limited enforcement is sufficient to dissuade isolated agents from misbehaving. If most agents do not comply, overstretched enforcement capacity has a minimal impact on behavior. We study the extent to which divide-and-conquer enforcement strategies can help select a high compliance equilibrium in the presence of realistic compliance frictions. We study the role of information about the compliance of others both in theory and in lab experiments. As the number of agents gets large, theory indicates that providing information or not is irrelevant in equilibrium. In contrast, providing individualized information has a first order impact in experimental play by increasing convergence to equilibrium. This illustrates the value of out-of-equilibrium information design.
title: 1. Teil (11.02.1992): Vorgespräch mit Frieder Gebhardt
Creators: name: Forschungsbibliothek Gotha
Publisher: name: Universität Erfurt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Kartenherstellung
subject: politische Kartographie
subject: Projekt Kartenmacher aus Gotha
subject: 900

description: Projekt „Die Kartenmacher aus Gotha“: Audiovisuelles Rohmaterial 1959-2015
description: Vorgespräch mit Frieder Gebhardt, 1992
Flexible covariance estimation in graphical Gaussian models
Creators: name: Rajaratnam, Bala
name: Massam, Hélène
name: Carvalho, Carlos M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62H12, 62C10, 62F15 (Primary)

description: In this paper, we propose a class of Bayes estimators for the covariance matrix of graphical Gaussian models Markov with respect to a decomposable graph $G$. Working with the $W_{P_G}$ family defined by Letac and Massam [Ann. Statist. 35 (2007) 1278--1323] we derive closed-form expressions for Bayes estimators under the entropy and squared-error losses. The $W_{P_G}$ family includes the classical inverse of the hyper inverse Wishart but has many more shape parameters, thus allowing for flexibility in differentially shrinking various parts of the covariance matrix. Moreover, using this family avoids recourse to MCMC, often infeasible in high-dimensional problems. We illustrate the performance of our estimators through a collection of numerical examples where we explore frequentist risk properties and the efficacy of graphs in the estimation of high-dimensional covariance structures.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOS619 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
title: Reptarenavirus prevalence in reptiles sampled in the UK and related studies
Creators: name: Alrashedi, Hasan
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: Arenaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses with a genome of two segments of single stranded RNA which is classified as ambisense in its coding strategy. Arenaviruses within the Reptarenavirus genus infect many species of snake and are associated with inclusion body disease (IBD). Reptarenavirus infection of humans has not been reported. In this thesis molecular techniques were utilized for RNA analysis and gene amplification by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in order to find evidence of reptarenavirus sequences in reptilian samples. Total RNAs were isolated from frozen specimens of snakes and other reptiles followed by an evaluation of RNA integrity. Degenerate primers of ribosomal mitochondrial and reptarenavirus genes were used for quality control of the RNA and for identification of virus sequence respectively, and then the results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The mitochondrial RNA was successfully amplified, whereas no reptarenavirus sequences were found in the samples screened. Spiking experiments determined that the cut-off for detection was less than 108 copies of virus RNA per sample. Although no evidence for the circulation of reptarenaviruses was found the study serves as a guide for reptarenavirus investigations using the RT-PCR technique in cases where new samples are suspected of having been infected with an existing or novel reptarenavirus. In addition, a related study investigating the role of replication organelles in the pathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of infected cells. Further, an assessment was made of the use of the arenavirus L sequence to look for related sequences associated with currently unknown viruses in the TSA database. Several matches were found which, along with a reasoned approach to their phyla, was used to provide a likelihood score of their zoonotic potential.
Why High Incentives Cause Repugnance: A Framed Field Experiment
Creators: name: Stüber, Robert
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: repugnant transactions
paternalism
incentives
experiment

description: A key feature of markets for repugnant transactions is that certain transactions seem to raise moral concerns only when they involve high monetary incentives. Using a framed field experiment with a representative sample, I show that these preferences exist, and I investigate why people display it. Participants can permit or prevent a third party from being financially compensated for registering as a stem cell and bone marrow donor. I find that a substantial fraction of individuals permit a low payment but prevent high monetary incentives. With the help of experimental treatment variation, I show that their preference to prevent high incentive offers is caused by the desire to protect individuals who are persuaded by high incentives. Evidence from a survey experiment with ethic committees emphasizes the practical importance of this finding.
RELATIVISTIC FORMULAS OF THE EXISTING VERSION OF THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY ARE INCORRECT, THEY ARE INCORRECT EXPLAINED AND INCORRECT CONCLUSIONS ARE DRAWN FROM THEM
Creators: name: Antonov, A.A.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: imaginary numbers
special theory of relativity
dark matter
dark energy
dark space
Multiverse
Hyperverse
invisible universes
anomalous zones.

description: The article shows that the relativistic formulas of the existing generally acknowledged version of the special theory of relativity (STR) are incorrect; they have been incorrectly explained by using the incorrect principle of light speed non-exceedance and entailed wrong conclusions consisting in existence of only our visible universe and physical non-existence of concrete imaginary numbers. Therefore, the existing version of the STR is incorrect and it was not created in the 20th century. Moreover, it could not be created at that time, since the experimental data required for this were obtained only in the 21st century. Therefore, an alternative version of SRT, free from the indicated disadvantages, is presented. It is based on:  experiments carried out in the 21st century that prove the general scientific principle of physical reality of imaginary numbers refuting the principle of light speed non-exceedance;  data obtained by the WMAP and Planck spacecraft, which allow us to determine the metrics and structure of the space in which our hidden Multiverse exists;  proposal for astronomical observations in anomalous zones, which will allow, by registering constellations in their starry sky, to experimentally prove the existence of invisible universes.. The alternative version of the STR has made it possible to explain the phenomenon of dark matter and dark energy, as well as the existence of antimatter that does not annihilate with matter and tachyons that do not violate the principle of causality.
Universal Secure Error-Correcting Schemes for Network Coding
Creators: name: Silva, Danilo
name: Kschischang, Frank R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper considers the problem of securing a linear network coding system against an adversary that is both an eavesdropper and a jammer. The network is assumed to transport n packets from source to each receiver, and the adversary is allowed to eavesdrop on μarbitrarily chosen links and also to inject up to t erroneous packets into the network. The goal of the system is to achieve zero-error communication that is information-theoretically secure from the adversary. Moreover, this goal must be attained in a universal fashion, i.e., regardless of the network topology or the underlying network code. An upper bound on the achievable rate under these requirements is shown to be n-μ-2t packets per transmission. A scheme is proposed that can achieve this maximum rate, for any n and any field size q, provided the packet length m is at least n symbols. The scheme is based on rank-metric codes and admits low-complexity encoding and decoding. In addition, the scheme is shown to be optimal in the sense that the required packet length is the smallest possible among all universal schemes that achieve the maximum rate.
description: 5 pages, submitted to IEEE ISIT 2010
NLP Verification: Towards a General Methodology for Certifying Robustness
Creators: name: Casadio, Marco
name: Dinkar, Tanvi
name: Komendantskaya, Ekaterina
name: Arnaboldi, Luca
name: Daggitt, Matthew L.
name: Isac, Omri
name: Katz, Guy
name: Rieser, Verena
name: Lemon, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine Learning (ML) has exhibited substantial success in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). For example large language models have empirically proven to be capable of producing text of high complexity and cohesion. However, they are prone to inaccuracies and hallucinations. As these systems are increasingly integrated into real-world applications, ensuring their safety and reliability becomes a primary concern. There are safety critical contexts where such models must be robust to variability or attack, and give guarantees over their output. Computer Vision had pioneered the use of formal verification of neural networks for such scenarios and developed common verification standards and pipelines, leveraging precise formal reasoning about geometric properties of data manifolds. In contrast, NLP verification methods have only recently appeared in the literature. While presenting sophisticated algorithms, these papers have not yet crystallised into a common methodology. They are often light on the pragmatical issues of NLP verification and the area remains fragmented. In this paper, we attempt to distil and evaluate general components of an NLP verification pipeline, that emerges from the progress in the field to date. Our contributions are two-fold. Firstly, we propose a general methodology to analyse the effect of the embedding gap, a problem that refers to the discrepancy between verification of geometric subspaces and the semantic meaning of sentences, which the geometric subspaces are supposed to represent. We propose a number of practical NLP methods that can help to quantify the effects of the embedding gap. Secondly, we give a general method for training and verification of neural networks that leverages a more precise geometric estimation of semantic similarity of sentences in the embedding space and helps to overcome the effects of the embedding gap in practice.
Evaluation of Born and local effective charges in unoriented materials from vibrational spectra
Creators: name: Xu, X. S.
name: Sun, Q. -C.
name: Musfeldt, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an application of the Lorentz model in which fits to vibrational spectra or a Kramers Kronig analysis are employed along with several useful formalisms to quantify microscopic charge in unoriented (powdered) materials. The conditions under which these techniques can be employed are discussed, and we analyze the vibrational response of a layered transition metal dichalcogenide and its nanoscale analog to illustrate the utility of this approach.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
title: Kreuztabellen und Vergleich der Geschlechter am Beispiel von Analysen des Sterbealters
Creators: name: Moeller, Katrin
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital humanities
subject: Gender
subject: Gender history
subject: Geschlechtergeschichte
subject: Geschlecht
subject: Geschichte
subject: Tagung
subject: Konferenz
subject: Epidemie
subject: Epidemic
subject: Mortality
subject: Sterblichkeit
subject: Datensätze
subject: Data
subject: Tutorial
subject: SPSS
subject: 940
subject: 943

description: Bei diesen Videos handelt es sich um den ungeschnittenen Vortrag der Konferenz „Digital Humanities and Gender History“.
description: These videos are the unedited presentation from the Digital Humanities and Gender History conference.
description: Digital humanities and gender historySäuglingssterblichkeit, Epidemie und demografische Geschlechtergeschichte, vol. 5
Processed potatoes intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of nine prospective cohort studies
Creators: name: Quan, Wei
name: Jiao, Ye
name: Xue, Chaoyi
name: Li, Yong
name: Wang, Zhaojun
name: Zeng, Maomao
name: Qin, Fang
name: He, Zhiyong
name: Chen, Jie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: The current cohort study shows the inconsistent association between potato consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of published prospective cohort studies to quantitatively estimate this association. We searched PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library up to September 2019 for all published articles. Seven of the articles reported nine cohort studies with 383,211 participants, with 23,189 T2DM cases that met the inclusion criteria and were included for our analysis. The results of random effects model pooled relative risk (RR) showed an association between potato intake and the risk of T2DM (pooled RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02–1.26, p > 0.01). In the subgroup analysis, French fries, long-term follow-up, large sample size, and high-quality studies were associated with an increased T2DM risk. Further, a linear dose-response analysis indicated that 100 g/day increment of total potato (RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08) and French fries (RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07–1.14) consumption may increase the risk of T2DM by 5% and 10%, respectively. Our meta-analysis showed that potato consumption, especially French fries consumption, was associated with increased T2DM risk.
Spectral and Post-Spectral Estimators for Grouped Panel Data Models
Creators: name: Chetverikov, Denis
name: Manresa, Elena
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: economics

description: In this paper, we develop spectral and post-spectral estimators for grouped panel data models. Both estimators are consistent in the asymptotics where the number of observations N and the number of time periods T simultaneously grow large. In addition, the post-spectral estimator is root-NT consistent and asymptotically normal with mean zero under the assumption of well-separated groups even if T is growing much slower than N. The post-spectral estimator has, therefore, theoretical properties that are similar to those of the grouped fixed-effect estimator developed by Bonhomme and Manresa in [9]. In contrast to the grouped fixed-effect estimator, however, our post-spectral estimator is computationally straightforward.
Compact C*-quantum groupoids
Creators: name: Timmermann, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L55

description: We propose a definition of compact quantum groupoids in the setting of C*-algebras, associate to such a quantum groupoid a regular C*-pseudo-multiplicative unitary, and use this unitary to construct a dual Hopf C*-bimodule and to pass to a measurable quantum groupoid in the sense of Enock and Lesieur. Moreover, we discuss examples related to compact and to étale groupoids and study principal compact C*-quantum groupoids.
description: 36 pages; missing references added
Effects of pre-testing commercial pesticide applicators prior to engaging in a short adult education activity
Creators: name: Hlatky, Robert M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The purposes of this study were to determine the relationships of participant socio-economic characteristics to the post-test, to investigate the effects of pre-testing in a short-term adult education programme, and to assess the influence of pre-course utilization of the handbooks on pre-test and post-test scores. The study was carried out on a group of 324 commercial pesticide applicators who attended 16 individual short courses conducted in 1972 by the British Columbia Department of Agriculture as a means of upgrading the participants' knowledge of the safe and proper uses of pesticides. The design used was a modification of the pre-test/post-test control group type with 135 individuals assigned to the treatment condition and 189 assigned to the control. Three hypotheses were tested in the study. The hypothesis of primary concern attempted to determine whether pre-testing the participants significantly improved their post-test scores. A second hypothesis was tested to determine whether a relationship existed between the socio-economic variables and the post-test scores. A final hypothesis was tested to determine whether the intensity of pre-course handbook utilization significantly influenced pre-test and post-test mean scores. No differential effect due to significant treatment-control differences were observed in the variables: area of origin of participants, proportion of salary earned from pesticide application, previous attendance at BCDA sponsored short courses, previous attendance at related, non-BCDA short courses, and number of pesticide application certificates held. The control group were of significantly higher age, had a longer period of residence in Canada, and had more experience as pesticide applicators than the treatment group. The effects of each of these characteristics upon the post-test was negligible because of their low individual correlation with the post-test scores. The three variables; previous attendance at BCDA sponsored short courses, previous attendance at related non-BCDA short courses, and number of pesticide application certificates held, exhibited a significantly high degree of mutual inter-correlation. This indicated the variables were measuring a common factor such as a need to participate. Both educational level and pre-test scores significantly influenced the post-test mean score although the influence of the latter was definitely more pronounced. The intensity of handbook utilization positively influenced only the post-test mean score of those participants who received no pre-test. This indicated the pre-test was a better means of improving the post-test mean score than pre-course distribution of the handbooks.
A Survey of Source Code Representations for Machine Learning-Based Cybersecurity Tasks
Creators: name: Casey, Beatrice
name: Santos, Joanna C. S.
name: Perry, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning techniques for cybersecurity-related software engineering tasks are becoming increasingly popular. The representation of source code is a key portion of the technique that can impact the way the model is able to learn the features of the source code. With an increasing number of these techniques being developed, it is valuable to see the current state of the field to better understand what exists and what is not there yet. This article presents a study of these existing machine learning based approaches and demonstrates what type of representations were used for different cybersecurity tasks and programming languages. Additionally, we study what types of models are used with different representations. We have found that graph-based representations are the most popular category of representation, and tokenizers and Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) are the two most popular representations overall (e.g., AST and tokenizers are the representations with the highest count of papers, whereas graph-based representations is the category with the highest count of papers). We also found that the most popular cybersecurity task is vulnerability detection, and the language that is covered by the most techniques is C. Finally, we found that sequence-based models are the most popular category of models, and Support Vector Machines are the most popular model overall.
title: 1. Teil (11.02.1992): Vorgespräch mit Gottfried Suchy
Creators: name: Forschungsbibliothek Gotha
Publisher: name: Universität Erfurt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atlas für Jedermann
subject: Atlas Weltverkehr
subject: Gottfried Suchy
subject: Haack Weltaltas
subject: Manfred Weiß
subject: politische Kartographie
subject: VEB Hermann Haack
subject: Verlagswesen
subject: Projekt Kartenmacher aus Gotha
subject: 900

description: Projekt „Die Kartenmacher aus Gotha“: Audiovisuelles Rohmaterial 1959-2015
description: Vorgespräch mit Gottfried Suchy, 1992
The Effects of Childhood Exposure to Gentrification: Evidence from A Radical Housing Reform in Britain
Creators: name: Disney, Richard
name: Gathergood, John
name: Machin, Stephen
name: Sandi, Matteo
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: school performance
homeownership
public Housing

description: “Right to Buy” (RTB), a large-scale gentrification policy by which incumbent tenants in public housing could buy their properties at heavily-subsidised prices, increased the homeownership rate in  the UK by over 10 percentage points between 1980 and the late 1990s. This paper studies the impact  of childhood exposure to RTB on human capital accumulation, showing that exposure to RTB at birth  significantly improved pupil performance in high stakes exams and likelihood to obtain a degree, while also reducing the likelihood to experience unemployment at the age of 16-18. The crime  reduction generated by RTB in the early 1980s was a key driver of these human capital gains. This is  evidence of a novel means by which gentrification, and housing provision, may contribute to increase  human capital accumulation and improve educational and professional outcomes in low-income  settings.
Identifying the Young Low-mass Stars within 25 pc. I. Spectroscopic Observations
Creators: name: Shkolnik, Evgenya
name: Liu, Michael C.
name: Reid, I. Neill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have completed a high-resolution (R=60,000) optical spectroscopic survey of 185 nearby M dwarfs identified using ROSAT data to select active, young objects with fractional X-ray luminosities comparable to or greater than Pleiades members. Our targets are drawn from the NStars 20-pc census and the Moving-M sample with distances determined from parallaxes or spectrophotometric relations. Nearly half of the resulting M dwarfs are not present in the Gliese catalog and have no previously published spectral types. We identified 30 spectroscopic binaries (SBs) from the sample, which have strong X-ray emission due to tidal spin-up rather than youth. This is equivalent to a 16% spectroscopic binary fraction, with at most a handful of undiscovered SBs. We estimate upper limits on the age of the remaining M dwarfs using spectroscopic youth indicators such as surface gravity-sensitive indices (CaH and K I). We find that for a sample of field stars with no metallicity measurements, a single CaH gravity index may not be sufficient, as higher metallicities mimic lower gravity. This is demonstrated in a sub-sample of metal-rich RV standards, which appear to have low surface gravity as measured by the CaH index, yet show no other evidence of youth. We also use additional youth diagnostics such as lithium absorption and strong H-alpha emission to set more stringent age limits. Eleven M dwarfs with no H-alpha emission or absorption are likely old (>400 Myr) and were caught during an X-ray flare. We estimate that our final sample of the 144 youngest and nearest low-mass objects in the field is less than 300 Myr old, with 30% of them being younger than 150 Myr and 4 very young (<10 Myr), representing a generally untapped and well-characterized resource of M dwarfs for intensive planet and disk searches.
description: Accepted to ApJ, 46 pages, 14 figures
title: Distance with distinctions: examining firm capabilities, region Boundaries, and IB distance measures in gravity models
Creators: name: Altman, Steven A.
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: This thesis builds jointly upon international business (IB) research on regionalization (Rugman and Verbeke 2004) and semiglobalization (Ghemawat 2003b) to advance the field’s understanding of the effects of multiple dimensions of distance on international activity. The regionalization research stream, grounded in analysis of firm-level data, has contributed to a diverse array of IB topics, but the binary distinction between intra-regional and inter-regional activity limits the granularity with which it can capture distance effects. Semiglobalization research using country-level gravity models highlights distance’s multidimensionality, but country-level analyses cannot directly address key firm-level research topics. This thesis estimates gravity models using both country- and firm-level data, relates gravity-based distance analysis to regionalization, and tests how well distance measures typically used in IB research perform in gravity models. Chapter One examines theoretical and empirical research on distance and discusses country-level gravity modeling. Chapter Two estimates gravity models using firm-level data to relate multiple dimensions of distance to the geographic footprints of the Fortune Global 500 and to test R&D intensity, advertising intensity and top management team non-nativity as potential moderators of distance effects. All three of these characteristics seem to moderate the effects of distance on the footprints of the firms studied. Chapter Three utilizes country- and firm-level gravity models to examine how regionalization relates to distance effects. It supports the contention that intra-regional activity is even more intense than would be predicted by standard gravity models but not the view that this phenomenon is due to “spikes” or “discontinuities” at the region boundary. Chapter Four turns to the distance measures employed in gravity models, testing how well the models perform when traditional distance measures from international economics are replaced with psychic, cultural, and institutional distance measures prominent in the IB literature. Chapter Five concludes with a discussion of future research directions.
title: Berufsgruppen bilden durch Recodieren (Anwendung einer Syntax-Datei)
Creators: name: Moeller, Katrin
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital humanities
subject: Gender
subject: Gender history
subject: Geschlechtergeschichte
subject: Geschlecht
subject: Geschichte
subject: Tagung
subject: Conference
subject: Epidemie
subject: Epidemic
subject: Mortality
subject: Sterblichkeit
subject: Datensätze
subject: Data
subject: Tutorial
subject: SPSS
subject: 940
subject: 943

description: Bei diesen Videos handelt es sich um den ungeschnittenen Vortrag der Konferenz „Digital Humanities and Gender History“.
description: These videos are the unedited presentation from the Digital Humanities and Gender History conference.
description: Digital humanities and gender historySäuglingssterblichkeit, Epidemie und demografische Geschlechtergeschichte, vol. 6
Time-reversal-odd phenomena in QCD
Creators: name: Mulders, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-spin asymmetries were long thought to vanish in high-energy scattering processes because of their specific time-reversal behavior. Time-reversal-odd phenomena, however, appear naturally when one includes effects of intrinsic transverse momenta of partons. The partons, quarks and gluons, enter the description of high-energy scattering processes in correlators which contain quark and gluon fields. The correlators, parameterized in terms of distribution and fragmentation functions, constitute matrix elements of non-local field configurations. For transverse momentum dependent (TMD) correlators the non-locality is along a light-front, in contrast to the non-locality along the light-cone for collinear correlators, integrated over transverse momenta. The TMD correlators require a careful treatment to assure color gauge invariance, leading to nontrivial gauge links connecting the parton fields. These give rise to time-reversal-odd phenomena, showing up as single spin and azimuthal asymmetries. The gauge links, arising from multi-gluon initial and final state interactions, depend on the color flow in the process, which has consequences for issues like universality and factorization.
description: To appear in the proceedings of Light Cone 2008: Relativistic Nuclear and Particle Physics (LC2008), Mulhouse, France, 7-11 Jul 2008