cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tropical terrestrial and epiphytic ferns have different leaf stoichiometry with ecological implications
Creators: name: Sulaiman, Syazwan Pengiran
name: Metali, Faizah
name: Cicuzza, Daniele
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 59999
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Terrestrial and epiphytic herbaceous forest species have different ecological qualities and leaf stoichiometry. Ferns represent a great component of herbaceous forest species in tropical regions with different lifeforms and evolutionary histories. However, little is known about the differences in leaf stoichiometry between the lifeforms. We studied the concentrations of leaf elements (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) between lifeforms (16 terrestrial, 4 epiphytic) and evolutionary clades (12 polypods, 8 non-polypods). The leaves were collected from the field, acid-digested and analyzed for nutrient elements. Results show that epiphytic species had a higher concentration of most leaf elements. Epiphytes had a lower N:P ratio compared with terrestrial ones. This suggests that epiphytes were nutrient-limited, relying on stochastic elements supply compared to terrestrial species which have a constant supply. Epiphytes tend to accumulate higher element concentration beyond their immediate metabolic needs, defined as luxury consumption. Epiphytes showed a higher concentration of P and Ca for their necessity of coping with severe habitat conditions and sclerophyll leaves. We found that modern polypod and archaic non-polypod ferns are significant stoichiometry different for K. The results contribute to the context of the poorly studied stoichiometry of tropical Asian fern species and their ecophysiology.
Identical phase oscillator networks: bifurcations, symmetry and reversibility for generalized coupling
Creators: name: Ashwin, Peter
name: Bick, Christian
name: Burylko, Oleksandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a system of coupled identical phase oscillators with full permutation symmetry, any broken symmetries in dynamical behaviour must come from spontaneous symmetry breaking, i.e. from the nonlinear dynamics of the system. The dynamics of phase differences for such a system depends only on the coupling (phase interaction) function $g(φ)$ and the number of oscillators $N$. This paper briefly reviews some results for such systems in the case of general coupling $g$ before exploring two cases in detail: (a) general two harmonic form: $g(φ)=q\sin(φ-α)+r\sin(2φ-β)$ and $N$ small (b) the coupling $g$ is odd or even. We extend previously published bifurcation analyses to the general two harmonic case, and show for even $g$ that the dynamics of phase differences has a number of time-reversal symmetries. For the case of even $g$ with one harmonic it is known the system has $N-2$ constants of the motion. This is true for $N=4$ and any $g$, while for $N=4$ and more than two harmonics in $g$, we show the system must have fewer independent constants of the motion.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures
Pulsed quantum interaction between two distant mechanical oscillators
Creators: name: Vostrosablin, Nikita
name: Rakhubovsky, Andrey A.
name: Filip, Radim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Feasible setup for pulsed quantum non-demolition interaction between two distant mechanical oscillators through optical or microwave mediator is proposed. The proposal uses homodyne measurement of the mediator and feedforward control of the mechanical oscillators to reach the interaction. To verify quantum nature of the interaction, we investigate the Gaussian entanglement generated in the mechanical modes. We evaluate it under influence of mechanical bath and propagation loss for the mediator and propose ways to optimize the interaction. Finally, both currently available optomechanical and electromechanical platforms are numerically analyzed. The analysis shows that implementation is already feasible with current technology.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Defect Identification on The Underside of a Flat Plate using Moving Heat Source raft item
Creators: name: Tan, Yi Chin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: The causes of rail line accidents are apparent over the years, and there is a need to address this situation. One of the common factors is the lack of knowledge on rail base defects. Current technologies and methodologies on the inspection of rail track health are limited, and often require extended hours of inspection and labour effort. To enhance the detectability and efficiency of defect detection on rail systems, a heat source mounted on a moving platform was proposed and tested with computational modelling.
 A flat plate model with underside defect was used for the investigation to simulate and represent a complex rail base structure. The presence of defects was determined by analysing surface temperature responses. The second order peak derivative method estimated the defect depth while the Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) method predicted the actual size of the defect located at the underside of test plate.
 The results on stationary heating showed that the prediction of underside defect size and depth location were most accurate when investigating for a case where a large size defect is positioned near the inspection surface. When defect depth is increased, this prediction ability deteriorates. For a defect at 7 mm depth, the predicted defect size is not justified. The results on stationary test were used as a reference for moving heat source test. The moving heat source was set up by creating sequential stationary heating of small segments separated by a constant delay. It was found that when this time delay was removed, the prediction of defect depth and size was similar to the test results on stationary heating. In fact, due to the high-speed heating, lateral heat diffusion can be assumed negligible, resulting in similar outcome as stationary test. The minimum heating speed for this to be true is 18km/hr. The tests in this thesis were validated with mathematical model and previously established findings.
 Edge effects are one of the main factors in affecting the prediction accuracy of defect size and depth location. A small defect size will experience earlier occurrence and significant edge effect whereas a large defect size will behave oppositely. In this study, other factors such as maximum achievable temperature and temperature contrast were also considered.
 The use of high-speed moving heat source for defect detection and measurement is feasible given that it is approximated to stationary heating. It allows the moving heat source test method to determine minimum detectable defect size and maximum detectable defect depth.
Qualitativer und quantitativer nachweis monoklonaler Zellen in Blut und Haut von Patienten mit Mycosis fungoides und small Plaque Parapsoriasis mittels klonspezifischer TCR-PCR
Creators: name: Heim, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: klonspezifische Polymerasekettenreaktion
subject: Mycosis fungoides
subject: Small Plaque Parapsoriasis
subject: real time-
subject: clone-specific polymerase chain reaction
subject: mycosis fungoides
subject: real time pcr
subject: small palque parapsoriasis
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: 33 Medizin
subject: XH 9154
subject: XH 9164

description: Mit klonspezifischer Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) ist ein spezifischer Nachweis kleiner DNA-Mengen möglich. Von 47 MF-Patienten wurden aus Hautproben 50 TCR-gamma- und 7 TCR-beta-Sequenzen sequenziert, von 15 bzw. 5 Patienten gelang die Entwicklung eines N-spezifischen Primers. Um einen Zusammenhang zwischen Frequenz der zirkulierenden klonalen Zellen und klinischem Verlauf zu untersuchen, wurden für 4 Patienten im LightCycler die im Blut zirkulierenden klonalen Rearrangements quantifiziert. Ein Vergleich dieser Daten mit dem klinischen Verlauf ergab bei zwei Patienten eine Tendenz zu einem reziproken Verhältnis, bei einem Patienten im Tumorstadium wurde eine gleichsinnige Entwicklung beider Parameter gesehen. Der Nachweis klonaler Rearrangements in Haut- und Blutproben von SPP-Patienten wäre ein Hinweis auf den Lymphomcharakter dieser Erkrankung. Bei 9 von 14 SPP-Patienten wurde in Blutproben mit Hilfe der für VgammaI-Jgamma1/2 spezifischen Konsensusprimer ein monoklonales Rearrangement gefunden. Für 6 Patienten konnte ein klonspezifischer Primer entwickelt werden. Ein Nachweis der klonalen Sequenz aus dem Blut in der Haut war trotz einer geschachtelten PCR nicht möglich.
description: By clone specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) small amounts of DNA can be detected. We discovered 50 tcr gamma and 7 tcr beta sequences from skin probes of 47 patients with mycosis fungoides. From 15 respectively 5 patients n-specific primers were designed. In order to examine if there is a relation between frequency of circulating clonal cells and clinical course, for 4 patients circulating clonal cells were quantified by real time pcr in LightCycler. In two patients we saw a reciproce proportion, in one patient with tumourstage disease rising numbers of circulating clonal cells were seen during worsening of clinical course. Detection of clonal rearrangments in skin and blood probes of patients with small plaque parapsoriasis could be a hint for classifying SPP as a lymphoma. In 6/14 patients we designed a clone-specific primer for circulating clonal rearangments. Despite performing a nested pcr circulating clonal rearrangments could not be detected in skin lesions of these patients.
Efficient Multiple Line-Based Intra Prediction for HEVC
Creators: name: Li, Jiahao
name: Li, Bin
name: Xu, Jizheng
name: Xiong, Ruiqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional intra prediction usually utilizes the nearest reference line to generate the predicted block when considering strong spatial correlation. However, this kind of single line-based method does not always work well due to at least two issues. One is the incoherence caused by the signal noise or the texture of other object, where this texture deviates from the inherent texture of the current block. The other reason is that the nearest reference line usually has worse reconstruction quality in block-based video coding. Due to these two issues, this paper proposes an efficient multiple line-based intra prediction scheme to improve coding efficiency. Besides the nearest reference line, further reference lines are also utilized. The further reference lines with relatively higher quality can provide potential better prediction. At the same time, the residue compensation is introduced to calibrate the prediction of boundary regions in a block when we utilize further reference lines. To speed up the encoding process, this paper designs several fast algorithms. Experimental results show that, compared with HM-16.9, the proposed fast search method achieves 2.0% bit saving on average and up to 3.7%, with increasing the encoding time by 112%.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Symmetric and Asymmetric Tendencies in Stable Complex Systems
Creators: name: Tan, James P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A commonly used approach to study stability in a complex system is by analyzing the Jacobian matrix at an equilibrium point of a dynamical system. The equilibrium point is stable if all eigenvalues have negative real parts. Here, by obtaining eigenvalue bounds of the Jacobian, we show that stable complex systems will favor mutualistic and competitive relationships that are asymmetrical (non-reciprocative) and trophic relationships that are symmetrical (reciprocative). Additionally, we define a measure called the interdependence diversity that quantifies how distributed the dependencies are between the dynamical variables in the system. We find that increasing interdependence diversity has a destabilizing effect on the equilibrium point, and the effect is greater for trophic relationships than for mutualistic and competitive relationships. These predictions are consistent with empirical observations in ecology. More importantly, our findings suggest stabilization algorithms that can apply very generally to a variety of complex systems.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures. v2: Corrected typos in abstract. v3: major revision. v4: communicated to Sci Rep
title: Development of a global inventory management tool for spare parts in the machinery engineering industry. : application in the wafer production sector
Creators: name: Varax, Melchior  de
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Spare Parts Management
subject: Maintenance
subject: Logistics
subject: Multi-criteria Classification
subject: Demand Forecasting
subject: Inventory Management
subject: Service Level

description: The purpose of this work is to develop a practical approach for spare parts inventory management. In the industrial context of capital goods production, the necessity to build efficient after sales services is twofold: maximizing the revenues through costs minimization and judicious management, and ensuring customer satisfaction. Within this vast field of activities, the management of spare parts is often neglected due to the lack of practical guidelines. In this prospect, the objective of the present thesis is to provide an assistance to choose and apply relevant techniques through the study of a real case study. It appears that possibilities are numerous, but not always applicable, as spare parts management mostly rely on data collection and treatment. The process is, however, always the same: multi-criteria classification, strategy mapping, demand forecasting, and inventory control. For each of these steps, methods are compared and analysed with a very pragmatic vision, the final objective being to implement an operative tool for the company related to this thesis. The practical application of the concept reveals that every choice includes a part of subjectivity, given the unpredictable aspect of spare parts demand. Nonetheless, the approach towards smart spare parts management is worked through, given the specificities of the case study. An emphasis is given on the introduction of accurate forecasting methods, whose impact on final benefits is most significant. The results provided by the tool highlight the inappropriateness of current practices as for spare parts inventory management. But the main outcome is the demonstration of potential benefits for the organisation in terms of sales and service level.
La prima laureata in medicina a Roma: Marcellina Corio (1870-1918)
Creators: name: Casaccia, Jessica
Publisher: name: Nuova Rivista di Storia della Medicina
Year: 2023

description: Dopo aver rivelato l’identità maschile di Edvige Benigni, la prima donna laureata in medicina e chirurgia presso la Regia Università degli Studi di Roma risulta essere Marcellina Corio. In questo articolo, grazie all’utilizzo di documenti archivistici, provo a ripercorrere la vita di questa pioniera restata fino ad oggi nell’ombra. L’obiettivo infatti è quello di ricordare questa figura e le vicende che caratterizzarono la sua breve vita con la speranza che possano essere di ispirazione ai giovani che si approcciano al mondo medico-sanitario, ma anche a coloro che già vi operano o lavorano.
description: Nuova Rivista di Storia della Medicina, V. 4 N. 1 (2023)
Multiverse effects on the CMB angular correlation function in the framework of NCG
Creators: name: Arabzadeh, Sahar
name: Kaviani, Kamran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following many theories that predict the existence of the multiverse and by conjecture that our space-time may have a generalized geometrical structure at the fundamental level, we are interested in using a non-commutative geometry (NCG) formalism to study a suggested two-layer space that contains our 4-dimensional (4-D) universe and a re-derived photon propagator. It can be shown that the photon propagator and a cosmic microwave background (CMB) angular correlation function are comparable, and if there exists such a multiverse system, the distance between the two layers can be estimated to be within the observable universe's radius. Furthermore, this study revealed that our results are not limited to CMB but can be applied to many other types of radiation, such as X-rays.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
The isomorphism problem for quantum affine spaces, homogenized quantized Weyl algebras, and quantum matrix algebras
Creators: name: Gaddis, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Bell and Zhang have shown that if $A$ and $B$ are two connected graded algebras finitely generated in degree one that are isomorphic as ungraded algebras, then they are isomorphic as graded algebras. We exploit this result to solve the isomorphism problem in the cases of quantum affine spaces, quantum matrix algebras, and homogenized multiparameter quantized Weyl algebras. Our result involves determining the degree one normal elements, factoring out, and then repeating. This creates an iterative process that allows one to determine relationships between relative parameters.
description: Clarifications and corrections throughout. Section 5 has been reorganized with a new proof for Lemma 5.4. To appear in Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra
The Use of Mass Forces to Increase the Efficiency of Jet Propulsion
Creators: name: Schubauer, Galen Brandt
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1930
Subjects: Physics
(Physics)

description: A scheme is suggested for increasing the efficiency of
jet propulsion by combining the jet with an airfoil. The
combination is called a jet-foil.

From a theoretical investigation of the jet when used in
this respect, it is concluded that high propulsive efficiencies
are possible under ideal conditions since the action depends
upon mass forces and is completely independent of viscosity.

Experimental determination of the forces on four model
jet-foils, made by measuring pressure distribution on the models:
when placed in a wind stream, showed an increase in lift of the
model with the jet compared to that of the model alone, and an
increase in drag for three of the models and a decrease for
the fourth. The lift and drag depended upon the strength of
the jet and upon the attitude of the model to the wind.

The efficiency of the jet-foil is defined as that fraction
of the unused power of the jet which the jet-foil absorbs
by doing work. Zero efficiencies are obtained for the
three models showing increased drag, and values ranging from
38 percent to zero for the fourth, which showed a decrease in
drag. A second set of efficiencies were calculated neglecting
increased drag. These range from 40 percent to zero and are
much the same for all of the models, decreasing as the strength
of the jet increases. An effort is made to account for the
low efficiencies on the basis of turbulence.
Transit Timing Variation Measurements of WASP-12b and Qatar-1b: No Evidence for Additional Planets
Creators: name: Collins, Karen A.
name: Kielkopf, John F.
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: WASP-12b and Qatar-1b are transiting Hot Jupiters for which previous works have suggested the presence of transit timing variations (TTVs) indicative of additional bodies in these systems - an Earth-mass planet in WASP-12 and a brown-dwarf mass object in Qatar-1. Here, we present 23 new WASP-12b and 18 new Qatar-1b complete (or nearly complete) transit observations. We perform global system fits to all of our light curves for each system, plus RV and stellar spectroscopic parameters from the literature. The global fits provide refined system parameters and uncertainties for each system, including precise transit center times for each transit. The transit model residuals of the combined and five minute binned light curves have a RMS of 183 and 255 parts per million (ppm) for WASP-12b and Qatar-1b, respectively. Most WASP-12b system parameter values from this work are consistent with values from previous studies, but have $\sim$ 40-50% smaller uncertainties. Most of the Qatar-1b system parameter values and uncertainties from this work are consistent with values recently reported in the literature. We find no convincing evidence for sinusoidal TTVs with a semi-amplitude of more than $\sim$ 35 s and $\sim$ 25 s in the WASP-12b and Qatar-1b systems, respectively.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ
Hankel Matrix Nuclear Norm Regularized Tensor Completion for $N$-dimensional Exponential Signals
Creators: name: Ying, Jiaxi
name: Lu, Hengfa
name: Wei, Qingtao
name: Cai, Jian-Feng
name: Guo, Di
name: Wu, Jihui
name: Chen, Zhong
name: Qu, Xiaobo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Signals are generally modeled as a superposition of exponential functions in spectroscopy of chemistry, biology and medical imaging. For fast data acquisition or other inevitable reasons, however, only a small amount of samples may be acquired and thus how to recover the full signal becomes an active research topic. But existing approaches can not efficiently recover $N$-dimensional exponential signals with $N\geq 3$. In this paper, we study the problem of recovering N-dimensional (particularly $N\geq 3$) exponential signals from partial observations, and formulate this problem as a low-rank tensor completion problem with exponential factor vectors. The full signal is reconstructed by simultaneously exploiting the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC structure and the exponential structure of the associated factor vectors. The latter is promoted by minimizing an objective function involving the nuclear norm of Hankel matrices. Experimental results on simulated and real magnetic resonance spectroscopy data show that the proposed approach can successfully recover full signals from very limited samples and is robust to the estimated tensor rank.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
A quest for better battery materials: Accelerating discovery through efficient exploration and rational design
Creators: name: Gastelum, Juan Carlos Verduzco
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Materials engineering not elsewhere classified
Theory and design of materials

description: The Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) has established guidelines to accelerate the discovery, development, and implementation of advanced materials in order to address current and future challenges. A key area of interest is the pressing need for more efficient energy storage systems to support technologies such as electric vehicles and renewable energies. In this work, we present an Integrated Computational Materials Engineering approach for the development of novel solid-state electrolyte materials. In particular, we embark on a quest to unravel the potential of ceramic garnet lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) for next-generation battery technologies. Our exploration begins with an overview of the current state of the Materials Innovation Infrastructure (MII) and our rationale behind choosing LLZO. Through the use of machine learning techniques and molecular dynamics simulations, we aim for efficient material optimization. Our findings are reinforced through experiments by using these materials as inorganic fillers in composite polymer electrolytes. Our findings demonstrate that the combined use of these complementary techniques facilitates the discovery of potential alternative solid-state electrolytes. Finally, we propose future research directions in materials science for the design of advanced materials using these integrated approaches.
From independent university collections to a Wissenstheater: an ambitions project at the Humboldt University of Berlin
Creators: name: Weber, Cornelia
Publisher: name: International Committee for University Museums and Collections (UMAC)
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 060 Organisationen, Museumswissenschaft

description: The Humboldt University owns over one hundred separate collections from all spheres of knowledge. Most of them are scarcely accessible to the general public and thus not well known. Since 1995 a group of scientists is engaged in opening up and presenting these collections (public lectures, construction of database, exhibition 'Theatre of Nature and Art - Treasure-trove of Knowledge', seminars with students). In the last three years the hidden treasures were systematically and successfully presented to the general public. Now the Humboldt University is planning a science museum exhibiting a selection of the whole spectrum of collections and demonstrating the points of contact between the different disciplines.
description: A Universidade Humboldt, em Berlini, possili mais de urna centena de colecçôes independences, dedicadas a todas as esferas do conhecimento. A grande maioria dos objectos, contudo, é quase inacessìvel ao publico em geral e, consequentemente, encontra-se pouco divulgada. Em 1995, um grupo de investigadores decidiu empenhar-se em tornar pûblicas estas colecçôes e tem desde entâo desenvolvido um intenso traballio de divulgaçao, incluindo palestras, a concepçâo de urna base de dados, a exposiçao 'Teatro da Natureza e da Arte; Arca do Tesouro do Conhecimento' e seminârios para estudantes. Nos ûltimos très anos, estes tesouros escondidos foram sendo continuamente apresentados ao publico com grande sucesso. Actualmente, a Universidade Humboldt tem pianos para construir um museu de ciancia onde urna parte seleccionada destas colecçôes possa ser apresentada de forma permanente, sublinhando os pontos de contacto. entre as diferentes disciplinas.
Generalized quark-antiquark potentials from a $q$-deformed AdS$_5 \times $S$^5$ background
Creators: name: Kameyama, Takashi
name: Yoshida, Kentaroh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study minimal surfaces with a single cusp in a $q$-deformed AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ background. The cusp is composed of two half-lines with an arbitrary angle and is realized on a surface specified in the deformed AdS$_5$. The classical string solutions attached to this cusp are regarded as a generalization of configurations studied by Drukker and Forini in the undeformed case. By taking an antiparallel-lines limit, a quark-antiquark potential for the $q$-deformed case is derived with a certain subtraction scheme. The resulting potential becomes linear at short distances with a finite deformation parameter. In particular, the linear behavior for the gravity dual of noncommutative gauge theories can be reproduced as a special scaling limit. Finally we study the near straight-line limit of the potential.
description: 34 pages, no figure, LaTeX; v3: references added and minor changes
The geometry of rank-one tensor completion
Creators: name: Kahle, Thomas
name: Kubjas, Kaie
name: Kummer, Mario
name: Rosen, Zvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The geometry of the set of restrictions of rank-one tensors to some of their coordinates is studied. This gives insight into the problem of rank-one completion of partial tensors. Particular emphasis is put on the semialgebraic nature of the problem, which arises for real tensors with constraints on the parameters. The algebraic boundary of the completable region is described for tensors parametrized by probability distributions and where the number of observed entries equals the number of parameters. If the observations are on the diagonal of a tensor of format $d\times\dots\times d$, the complete semialgebraic description of the completable region is found.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures; v2: Final version, accepted in SIAM Journal of Applied Algebra and Geometry (SIAGA)
Lipschitz dependence of the coefficients on the resolvent and greedy approximation for scalar elliptic problems
Creators: name: Choulli, Mourad
name: Zuazua, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We analyze the inverse problem of identifying the diffusivity coefficient of a scalar elliptic equation as a function of the resolvent operator. We prove that, within the class of measurable coefficients, bounded above and below by positive constants, the resolvent determines the diffusivity in an unique manner. Furthermore we prove that the inverse mapping from resolvent to the coefficient is Lipschitz in suitable topologies. This result plays a key role when applying greedy algorithms to the approximation of parameter-dependent elliptic problems in an uniform and robust manner, independent of the given source terms. In one space dimension the results can be improved using the explicit expression of solutions, which allows to link distances between one resolvent and a linear combination of finitely many others and the corresponding distances on coefficients. These results are also extended to multi-dimensional elliptic equations with variable density coefficients. We also point out towards some possible extensions and open problems.
Asymptotics of mean-field $O(N)$ models
Creators: name: Kirkpatrick, Kay
name: Nawaz, Tayyab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study mean-field classical $N$-vector models, for integers $N\ge 2$. We use the theory of large deviations and Stein's method to study the total spin and its typical behavior, specifically obtaining non-normal limit theorems at the critical temperatures and central limit theorems away from criticality. Important special cases of these models are the XY ($N=2$) model of superconductors, the Heisenberg ($N=3$) model (previously studied in \cite{KM} but with a correction to the critical distribution here), and the Toy ($N=4$) model of the Higgs sector in particle physics.
Characterizing the reproduction number of epidemics with early sub-exponential growth dynamics
Creators: name: Chowell, Gerardo
name: Viboud, Cécile
name: Simonsen, Lone
name: Moghadas, Seyed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Early estimates of the transmission potential of emerging and re-emerging infections are increasingly used to inform public health authorities on the level of risk posed by outbreaks. Existing methods to estimate the reproduction number generally assume exponential growth in case incidence in the first few disease generations, before susceptible depletion sets in. In reality, outbreaks can display sub-exponential (i.e., polynomial) growth in the first few disease generations, owing to clustering in contact patterns, spatial effects, inhomogeneous mixing, reactive behavior changes, or other mechanisms. Here, we introduce the generalized growth model to characterize the early growth profile of outbreaks and estimate the effective reproduction number, with no need for explicit assumptions about the shape of epidemic growth. We demonstrate this phenomenologic approach using analytical results and simulations from mechanistic models, and provide validation against a range of empirical disease datasets. Our results suggest that sub-exponential growth in the early phase of an epidemic is the rule rather the exception. For empirical outbreaks, the generalized-growth model consistently outperforms the exponential model for a variety of directly and indirectly transmitted diseases datasets with model estimates supporting sub-exponential growth dynamics. The rapid decline in effective reproduction number predicted by analytical results and observed in real and synthetic datasets within 3-5 disease generations contrasts with the expectation of invariant reproduction number in epidemics obeying exponential growth. Overall, our approach promotes a more reliable and data-driven characterization of the early epidemic phase, which is important for accurate estimation of the reproduction number and prediction of disease impact.
description: 37 pages, 7 figures, supplementary document
Standard model of the rare-earths, analyzed from the Hubbard I approximation
Creators: name: Locht, I. L. M.
name: Kvashnin, Y. O.
name: Rodrigues, D. C. M.
name: Pereiro, M.
name: Bergman, A.
name: Bergqvist, L.
name: Lichtenstein, A. I.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Delin, A.
name: Klautau, A. B.
name: Johansson, B.
name: Di Marco, I.
name: Eriksson, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we examine critically the electronic structure of the rare-earth elements by use of the so-called Hubbard I approximation. From the theoretical side all measured features of both occupied and unoccupied states are reproduced, without significant deviations between observations and theory. We also examine cohesive properties like the equilibrium volume and bulk modulus, where we find, in general, a good agreement between theory and measurements. In addition we have reproduced the spin and orbital moments of these elements, as they are reflected from measurements of the saturation moment. We have also employed the Hubbard I approximation to extract the interatomic exchange parameters of an effective spin Hamiltonian for the heavy rare earths. We show that the Hubbard I approximation gives results which are consistent with calculations where $4f$ electrons are treated as core states for Gd. The latter approach was also used to address the series of the heavy/late rare-earths. Via Monte Carlo simulations we obtained ordering temperatures which reproduce measurements within about $20\%$. We have further illustrated the accuracy of these exchange parameters by comparing measured and calculated magnetic configurations for the heavy rare earths and the magnon dispersion for Gd. The Hubbard I approximation is compared to other theories of the electronic structure, and we argue that it is superior. We discuss the relevance of our results in general, and how this makes it possible to treat the electronic structure of materials containing rare-earth elements, such as permanent magnets, magnetostrictive compounds, photovoltaics, optical fibers, topological insulators, and molecular magnets.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables, 4 appendices
Dispersion as a survival strategy
Creators: name: Junior, Valdivino Vargas
name: Machado, Fábio Prates
name: Roldán-Correa, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J80, 60J85, 92D25

description: We consider stochastic growth models to represent population subject to catastrophes. We analyze the subject from different set ups considering or not spatial restrictions, whether dispersion is a good strategy to increase the population viability. We find out it strongly depends on the effect of a catastrophic event, the spatial constraints of the environment and the probability that each exposed individual survives when a disaster strikes.
description: 2 figures, 19 pages
Generalized mass ordering degeneracy in neutrino oscillation experiments
Creators: name: Coloma, Pilar
name: Schwetz, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the impact of neutral-current (NC) non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) on the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. We show that in presence of NSI there is an exact degeneracy which makes it impossible to determine the neutrino mass ordering and the octant of the solar mixing angle $θ_{12}$ at oscillation experiments. The degeneracy holds at the probability level and for arbitrary matter density profiles, and hence, solar, atmospheric, reactor, and accelerator neutrino experiments are affected simultaneously. The degeneracy requires order-one corrections from NSI to the NC neutrino--quark interaction and can be tested in neutrino--nucleus NC scattering experiments.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Minor corrections. Matches published version. Note added for clarification purposes
Free energy approach to micellization and aggregation: Equilibrium, metastability, and kinetics
Creators: name: Diamant, Haim
name: Andelman, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a recently developed micellization theory, which is based on a free-energy approach and offers several advantages over the conventional one, based on mass action and rate equations. As all the results are derived from a single free-energy expression, one can adapt the theory to different scenarios by merely modifying the initial expression. We present results concerning various features of micellization out of equilibrium, such as the existence of metastable aggregates (premicelles), micellar nucleation and growth, transient aggregates, and final relaxation toward equilibrium. Several predictions that await experimental investigation are discussed.
description: 7 pages
Safety of ramucirumab treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and elevated alpha-fetoprotein
Creators: name: Yen, Chih-Chieh
name: Yen, Chia-Jui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-induced deaths worldwide, and limited therapeutic options are available for patients with advanced disease. Ramucirumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2, is the first biomarker-selected systemic agent with therapeutic efficacy, tolerability, and favorable patient-reported outcomes in patients with advanced HCC and elevated serum α-fetoprotein levels ≥400 ng/mL, who are resistant or intolerant to sorafenib therapy. However, treatment-induced adverse events (AEs), such as hypertension, proteinuria, bleeding, thromboembolism, and gastrointestinal perforation remain challenging and potentially fatal concerns. This review discusses the published or ongoing studies and subgroup analyses on ramucirumab therapy in patients with advanced HCC. We present information on the risks of ramucirumab-induced common or rare AEs and their management. Ramucirumab toxicity secondary to VEGF inhibition is similar to the AEs that are known to be associated with other VEGF-blocking antibodies. Common AEs can be safely treated using conventional measures; however, rare and potentially fatal AEs necessitate close monitoring. With regard to the safety profile, more promising ramucirumab-containing combination therapies are likely to pave the future path for effective HCC treatment.
Ergostatting and Thermostatting at a Fixed Point
Creators: name: Huffel, Helmuth
name: Ilijic, Sasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel type of ergostats and thermostats for molecular dynamics simulations. A general class of active particle swarm models is considered, where any specific total energy (alternatively any specific temperature) can be provided at a fixed point of the evolution of the swarm. We identify the extended system feedback force of the Nosé - Hoover thermostat with the "internal energy" variable of active Brownian motion.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures, v2: extended Introduction and Outlook, added references
Embedding rights retention and open licensing into Open Access policies
Creators: name: Labastida, Ignasi
name: Tredway, Jon
name: Proudman, Vanessa
name: Melinščak Zlodi, Iva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open Access, Copyright, Open Science

description: European institutions and funders are proposing several approaches aimed at achieving the final transition to reach Open Access to scientific publications. One of these approaches is to make changes in policies and legislation. Institutions are changing their policies to change their official stances on rights retention, copyright and Open Licensing. In this context, Stichting IFLA Foundation Programme, in partnership with LIBER and SPARC Europe are implementing a three-year Arcadia Foundation-funded programme to reform copyright laws, regulations and other policy measures that enable libraries to provide significantly improved access to and use of copyrighted works. This programme, known as Knowledge Rights 21 (KR21), aims to promote change at European, national and local levels by accelerating the uptake of rights retention and open licensing. In the framework of the KR21 programme, SPARC Europe is leading Project Retain which aims to analyse current policies on rights retention and open licensing in Europe, to make some recommendations to institutions willing to adopt them and to ensure that researchers are not overwhelmed by complex requirements and incentives supporting them in meeting publisher and funder mandates. In this lightning talk we focus on both quantitative data and qualitative lessons learnt from the research phase of Project Retain, which builds an evidence-base around current policies on copyright, rights retention and open licensing. The research findings are based on a survey with over 200 respondents, over 30 interviews and focus groups and then particularly articulating the role the library community is playing in driving policy change in a number of countries across Europe. We will draw attention to the drivers and blockers of progress, offer examples of good practices and case studies showcasing innovative approaches to change management, whilst highlighting the different contexts and the stakeholder groups the library community is working with. Our talk articulates an Open Access call to action to encourage more institutional policymaking in the area of rights retention and open licensing to enable a simplified legal framework that better ensures the greater autonomy for authors and their institutions when seeking to publish OA.
Effect of Acetaminophen use during pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Castro, Caroline T.
name: Gama, Romana S.
name: Pereira, Marcos
name: Oliveira, Marcio G.
name: Dal-Pizzol, Tatiane S.
name: Barreto, Mauricio L.
name: Santos, Djanilson B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: A high number of women are exposed to acetaminophen during pregnancy worldwide. This drug safety during pregnancy regarding preterm birth, birth weight, and fetal development has not been well described. This study investigated the effect of acetaminophen use during pregnancy on selected adverse pregnancy outcomes. Databases were searched to identify studies reporting the effects of acetaminophen use during pregnancy on preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age. The studies’ quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies. Risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a fixed or random‐effects model. Six studies were included for final review, four cohort and two case‐control studies. We found no increased risk of preterm birth (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.59–1.58), and decreased risks of low birth weight (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.59–0.72) and small for gestational age (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.50–0.97). Acetaminophen exposure during the third trimester revealed non-significantly in the outcomes. Exposure to acetaminophen during pregnancy appears to not increase the risk of the outcomes analyzed. However, there is a lack of information regarding the exposure dose and frequency of acetaminophen use.
Wavelet reconstruction of E and B modes for CMB polarisation and cosmic shear analyses
Creators: name: Leistedt, Boris
name: McEwen, Jason D.
name: Büttner, Martin
name: Peiris, Hiranya V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new methods for mapping the curl-free (E-mode) and divergence-free (B-mode) components of spin 2 signals using spin directional wavelets. Our methods are equally applicable to measurements of the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the shear of galaxy shapes due to weak gravitational lensing. We derive pseudo and pure wavelet estimators, where E-B mixing arising due to incomplete sky coverage is suppressed in wavelet space using scale- and orientation-dependent masking and weighting schemes. In the case of the pure estimator, ambiguous modes (which have vanishing curl and divergence simultaneously on the incomplete sky) are also cancelled. On simulations, we demonstrate the improvement (i.e., reduction in leakage) provided by our wavelet space estimators over standard harmonic space approaches. Our new methods can be directly interfaced in a coherent and computationally-efficient manner with component separation or feature extraction techniques that also exploit wavelets.
description: 13 pages, MNRAS accepted. Companion paper: K. Rogers et al., "Spin-SILC: CMB polarisation component separation with spin wavelets", in this ArXiv mailing