cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards the Pedagogical Steering of Large Language Models for Tutoring: A Case Study with Modeling Productive Failure
Creators: name: Puech, Romain
name: Macina, Jakub
name: Chatain, Julia
name: Sachan, Mrinmaya
name: Kapur, Manu
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
Artificial intelligence (AI)
Computers and Society
Multiagent Systems
Large language model (LLM)
AI for Education

description: One-to-one tutoring is one of the most efficient methods of teaching. Following the rise in popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs), there have been efforts to use them to create conversational tutoring systems, which can make the benefits of one-to-one tutoring accessible to everyone. However, current LLMs are primarily trained to be helpful assistants and thus lack crucial pedagogical skills. For example, they often quickly reveal the solution to the student and fail to plan for a richer multi-turn pedagogical interaction. To use LLMs in pedagogical scenarios, they need to be steered towards using effective teaching strategies: a problem we introduce as Pedagogical Steering and believe to be crucial for the efficient use of LLMs as tutors. We address this problem by formalizing a concept of tutoring strategy, and introducing StratL, an algorithm to model a strategy and use prompting to steer the LLM to follow this strategy. As a case study, we create a prototype tutor for high school math following Productive Failure (PF), an advanced and effective learning design. To validate our approach in a real-world setting, we run a field study with 17 high school students in Singapore. We quantitatively show that StratL succeeds in steering the LLM to follow a Productive Failure tutoring strategy. We also thoroughly investigate the existence of spillover effects on desirable properties of the LLM, like its ability to generate human-like answers. Based on these results, we highlight the challenges in Pedagogical Steering and suggest opportunities for further improvements. We further encourage follow-up research by releasing a dataset of Productive Failure problems and the code of our prototype and algorithm.
description: arXiv
MOESM6 of Workforce requirements for comprehensive ischaemic stroke care in a developing country: the case of Saudi Arabia
Creators: name: Al-Senani, Fahmi
name: Salawati, Mohammad
name: AlJohani, Mohammed
name: Cuche, Matthieu
name: Ravest, Valeska Seguel
name: Eggington, Simon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6: Acute stroke units - number of new full-time equivalents and associated cost by year. Year-by-year results of staff requirements in acute stroke units and estimated total cost.
Quantum Discord and Maxwell's Demons
Creators: name: Zurek, Wojciech Hubert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum discord was proposed as an information theoretic measure of the ``quantumness'' of correlations. I show that discord determines the difference between the efficiency of quantum and classical Maxwell's demons -- that is, entities that can or cannot measure nonlocal observables or carry out conditional quantum operations -- in extracting work from collections of correlated quantum systems.
description: This is the final version of quant-ph/0202123, to appear in Physical Review A
Additional file 12 of Phosphoproteome analysis reveals the involvement of protein dephosphorylation in ethylene-induced corolla senescence in petunia
Creators: name: Zhong, Shiwei
name: Sang, Lina
name: Zhao, Zhixia
name: Deng, Ying
name: Liu, Haitao
name: Yu, Yixun
name: Liu, Juanxu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 12.
Transient vortex events in the initial value problem for turbulence
Creators: name: Holm, Darryl D.
name: Kerr, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A vorticity surge event that could be a paradigm for a wide class of bursting events in turbulence is studied to examine how the energy cascade is established and how this event could serve as a new test of LES turbulence models. This vorticity surge event is tied to the formation of the energy cascade in a direct numerical simulation by the traditional signatures of a turbulent energy cascade such as spectra approaching -5/3 and strongly Beltramized vortex tubes. A coherent mechanism is suggested by the nearly simultaneous development of a maximum of the peak vorticity $\|ω\|_\infty$, growth of the dissipation, the appearance of a helically aligned local vortex configuration and strong, transient oscillations in the helicity wavenumber spectrum. This coherence is also examined for two LES models, a traditional purely dissipative eddy viscosity model and a modern method (LANS$-α$) that respects the nonlinear transport properties of fluids. Both LES models properly represent the spectral energy and energy dissipation associated with this vorticity surge event. However, only the model that preserves nonlinear fluid transport properties reproduces the helical properties, including Beltrami-like vortex tubes.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
A multi-photon Stokes-parameter invariant for entangled states
Creators: name: Jaeger, Gregg
name: Teodorescu-Frumosu, Mihail
name: Sergienko, Alexander
name: Saleh, Bahaa E. A.
name: Teich, Malvin C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Minkowskian norm of the n-photon Stokes tensor, a scalar invariant under the group realized by the transformations of stochastic local quantum operations and classical communications (SLOCC). This invariant is offered as a candidate entanglement measure for n-qubit states and discussed in relation to measures of quantum state entanglement for certain important classes of two-qubit and three-qubit systems. This invariant can be directly estimated via a quantum network, obviating the need to perform laborious quantum state tomography. We also show that this invariant directly captures the extent of entanglement purification due to SLOCC filters.
description: 9 pages, 0 figures, Accepted for publication in Physical Review A
Integrating data from National Forest Inventories into socio-cultural forest monitoring – a new approach
Creators: name: K. Tessa Hegetschweiler
name: Fischer, Christoph
name: Moretti, Marco
name: Hunziker, Marcel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Information about social aspects of forest is frequently collected with questionnaire surveys. Several countries conduct nation-wide surveys in order to monitor outdoor recreation and the relationship of the people to the forest. While this gives a representative picture of the respondents’ preferences and activities, it is not possible to link their answers to the real characteristics of the forest they are describing. On the other hand, forest characteristics are commonly recorded in National Forest Inventories (NFIs). Concerning forest recreation, both the physical characteristics of the forest as well as the social aspects play an important role. To establish a link between socio-cultural forest monitoring and the Swiss NFI, we used photos taken in all four cardinal directions from the centre of the NFI sample plots. The photos were integrated in an online survey dealing with visual attractiveness of forest. Forest characteristics were derived from the photos according to NFI-criteria. An evaluation of this method revealed that most parameters studied could be deducted reliably from the photos. Results show that visual attractiveness could be explained by a combination of several NFI-parameters and social factors. We conclude that this approach is a possibility to integrate forest characteristics into socio-cultural forest monitoring.
MOESM1 of Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Y. Xia
name: K. Zhao
name: A. Zhao
name: J. Zhu
name: H. Hong
name: Y. Wang
name: S. Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. The search strategy in Embase.
A Formalism to Analyze the Spectrum of Brane World Scenarios
Creators: name: Randjbar-Daemi, Seif
name: Shaposhnikov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we develop a formalism to analyze the spectrum of small perturbations about arbitrary solutions of Einstein, Yang-Mills and scalar systems. We consider a general system of gravitational, gauge and scalar fields in a $D-$dimensional space-time and give the bilinear action for the fluctuations of the fields in the system around an arbitrary solution of the classical field equations. We then consider warped geometries, popular in brane world scenarios, and use the light cone gauge to separate the bilinear action into a totally decoupled spin-two, -one and -zero fluctuations. We apply our general scheme to several examples and discuss in particular localization of abelian and non-abelian gauge fields of the standard model to branes generated by scalar fields. We show in particular that the Nielsen-Olsen string solution gives rise to a normalizable localized spin-1 field in any number of dimensions.
description: Latex, 31 pages. Final version appeared in Nucl. Phys
Comment to the paper `Conformal transformations single out a unique measure of distance'
Creators: name: Schmidt, H. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the consequences of the incorrectness [see the Erratum in Phys. Rev D 49, 1145 (1994)] of that paper and add two related remarks. The scope of this comment is to encourage further research on: `Which of the conformally equivalent metrics is the physical one?'
description: 4 pages, LaTeX, published in Phys. Rev. D52, 6198 (1995)
The Images of Integrated Fresh Pork Retailing Centers and Its Influence to Consumers' Behavior in Taiwan
Creators: name: Ho, Jing-Shing
name: Chen, Chu-Jen
name: Ho, Jing-Shing
name: Chen, Chu-Jen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Store images
subject: Consumer behavior

description: This research analyzed influences from store images of the integrated fresh pork retailing centers in Taiwan. Important and satisfactory store image characteristics are discussed. Several images of the retailing centers exhibit statistically significant differences of perceptions between important and satisfactory store characteristics. Purchasing behavior and demographic factors explain some differences of consumer perceptions. Based on the results, this research suggests the integrated fresh pork retailing centers focusing on the issues of selecting locations, improving sanitary standards of meat products, and adopting marketing-oriented management.
MOESM5 of Workforce requirements for comprehensive ischaemic stroke care in a developing country: the case of Saudi Arabia
Creators: name: Al-Senani, Fahmi
name: Salawati, Mohammad
name: AlJohani, Mohammed
name: Cuche, Matthieu
name: Ravest, Valeska Seguel
name: Eggington, Simon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5: Hyper-acute stroke units - number of new full-time equivalents and associated cost by year. Year-by-year results of staff requirements in hyper-acute stroke units and estimated total cost.
Characterization of native parasitoid community associated with the invasive pest Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Cantabria (northern Spain)
Creators: name: F. Javier Dorado
name: Pujade-Villar, Juli
name: E. Jordán Muñoz-Adalia
name: Vinagrero, Juan Carlos
name: Diez-Casero, Julio J.
name: M. Mercedes Fernández-Fernández
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: A survey of the native parasitoid community was conducted to characterize its possible use as biological control for Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp (ACGW) at two sampling sites in northern Spain. To this end, 500 ACGW galls were collected over five sampling dates between May and July 2017; 250 of them were dissected to estimate the parasitism rates and the remaining 250 galls were placed in emerging rearing boxes to collect adult parasitoids. Seven native parasitoid species belonging to six families (i.e. Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae, Ormyridae, Megastigmidae, Pteromalidae and Torymidae) were identified by morphological traits. All sampled species are considered as native parasitoids of gallers-oaks (Quercus spp.). The most abundant species were Sycophila variegata (Curtis), Torymus auratus (Müller) and Sycophila biguttata (Swederus), representing 70% of the identified parasitoids. In addition, the presence of these native parasitoids was associated with high parasitism rates, especially at the site that was surrounded by oak trees. Our findings highlight the important contribution of native parasitoids to pest regulation throughout the period of ACGW gall development.
Women in forestry in the early twentieth century – new opportunities for young women to work and gain their freedom in a traditional agrarian society
Creators: name: Östlund, Lars
name: Öbom, Alexander
name: Löfdahl, Amanda
name: Anna-Maria Rautio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Logging and forestry have traditionally been seen as a purely masculine sphere. The aim of this study is to analyze women’s introduction into and situations in the forestry sector in twentieth century northern Sweden. We interviewed 30 women who worked as cooks between the 1930s and the 1960s, and examined written sources. We found that driving forces behind the emergence of a system involving forestry cooks included state investigations, rationalization of the forest sector, the effects of WW2, and overall modernization of society. Our informants were unmarried and young when they started working, and their introductions to the job were characterized by encouragement and pressure in their surroundings. They had prior knowledge of cooking, but few underwent formal training. They were, in most cases, hired by the forest workers, and portray the camps as egalitarian social systems. It is clear that the Swedish system was rather unusual internationally, and these women had a definite impact on modernizing a workspace far from cities and industries. For the women, the job entailed hardships, but also a sense of freedom. Conceivably, a seed of women’s liberation in twentieth century Sweden was planted by these thousands of young women working in the northern forests.
MOESM2 of Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Y. Xia
name: K. Zhao
name: A. Zhao
name: J. Zhu
name: H. Hong
name: Y. Wang
name: S. Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. The description of characteristics by CHD Cases vs. Controls (n, %) ----Propensity-score-matched. Table S2. Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/ influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring--- after a propensity-score-matched analysis. Table S3. The results of Begg’s test and Egger’s linear regression test for the association of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza and CHD/simple CHD/complex CHD. Figure S1. Forest plot of ORs and 95% CIs for the association of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza and CHD--- after a propensity-score-matched analysis. Figure S2. Forest plot of ORs and 95% CIs for the association of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza and simple CHD--- after a propensity-score-matched analysis. Figure S3. Forest plot of ORs and 95% CIs for the association of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza and complex CHD--- after a propensity-score-matched analysis. Figure S4. Forest plot of ORs and 95% CIs for the association of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza and VSD--- after a propensity-score-matched analysis. Figure S5. Forest plot of ORs and 95% CIs for the association of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza and TOF--- after a propensity-score-matched analysis. Figure S6. Plot of sensitivity analysis for the association of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza and CHD. Figure S7. Plot of sensitivity analysis for the association of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza and simple CHD. Figure S8. Plot of sensitivity analysis for the association of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza and complex CHD. Figure S9. Plot of sensitivity analysis for the association of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza and VSD. Figure S10. Plot of sensitivity analysis for the association of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza and TOF.
Extension of the discrete KP hierarchy
Creators: name: Svinin, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the discrete hierarchy which naturally generalizes well known discrete KP hierarchy.
description: LaTeX, 16 pages
The existence of a nontrivial weak solution to a double critical problem involving fractional Laplacian in ${\R}^n$ with a Hardy term
Creators: name: Li, Gongbao
name: Yang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider the existence of nontrivial weak solutions to a double critical problem involving fractional Laplacian with a Hardy term: \begin{equation} \label{eq0.1} (-Δ)^{s}u-γ {\frac{u}{|x|^{2s}}}= {\frac{{|u|}^{ {2^{*}_{s}}(β)-2}u}{|x|^β}}+ \big [ I_μ* F_α(\cdot,u) \big](x)f_α(x,u), \ \ u \in {\dot{H}}^s(\R^{n}) \end{equation} where $s \in(0,1)$, $0\leq α,β<2s
Rates of Return on New Zealand R&D
Creators: name: Johnson, Robin
name: Johnson, Robin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper reports on a survey of past trends in national and sectoral R&D expenditure in New Zealand back to 1962 and models used to measure the rate of return to investment in R&D. Cobb Douglas models are compared with productivity models and are used to explore the interaction between R&D and labour and capital variables. Polynomial distributed lag models are investigated and the results compared with stock models. The average rates of return to R&D investment vary across sectors of the economy - some being surprisingly high - but some results remain ambiguous to interpret.
Framing woodland key habitats in the Swedish media – how has the framing changed over time?
Creators: name: Hallberg-Sramek, Isabella
name: Bjärstig, Therese
name: Nordin, Annika
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: The concept of woodland key habitats is well-established in northern Europe, denoting sites in the forest landscape with particularly high biodiversity. In Sweden, woodland key habitats have been inventoried on individual forest owner’s land by the Swedish Forest Agency since 1993. Recently, various actors have questioned the woodland key habitat concept and its policy implications. To investigate how framing of the concept has changed over time we conducted a media analysis based on theories of collective action frames. The analysis covered the period 1991–2018 and a total of 293 articles in daily newspapers. Our results showed that, over time, woodland key habitats have mostly been framed by government agencies, journalists and environmental organizations as suffering as a result of forestry practices and that nature conservation is the solution to this problem. Actors presenting other or conflicting frames are not as common and they occur mostly when the frequency of articles is high. However, it is noteworthy that individual forest owners sometimes framed themselves as suffering economically from the woodland key habitats, which contrasts with the dominant framing. There were no large differences between national and regional newspapers in the framing of woodland key habitats.
JWST Reveals CH4, CO2, and H2O in a Metal-rich Miscible Atmosphere on a Two-Earth-Radius Exoplanet
Creators: name: Benneke, Björn
name: Roy, Pierre-Alexis
name: Coulombe, Louis-Philippe
name: Radica, Michael
name: Piaulet, Caroline
name: Ahrer, Eva-Maria
name: Pierrehumbert, Raymond
name: Krissansen-Totton, Joshua
name: Schlichting, Hilke E.
name: Hu, Renyu
name: Yang, Jeehyun
name: Christie, Duncan
name: Thorngren, Daniel
name: Young, Edward D.
name: Pelletier, Stefan
name: Knutson, Heather A.
name: Miguel, Yamila
name: Evans-Soma, Thomas M.
name: Dorn, Caroline
name: Gagnebin, Anna
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Komacek, Thaddeus
name: MacDonald, Ryan
name: Raul, Eshan
name: Cloutier, Ryan
name: Acuna, Lorena
name: Lafrenière, David
name: Cadieux, Charles
name: Doyon, René
name: Welbanks, Luis
name: Allart, Romain
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
FOS: Physical sciences
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

description: Even though sub-Neptunes likely represent the most common outcome of planet formation, their natures remain poorly understood. In particular, planets near 1.5-2.5$\,R_\oplus$ often have bulk densities that can be explained equally well with widely different compositions and interior structures, resulting in grossly divergent implications for their formation. Here, we present the full 0.6-5.2$\,μ\mathrm{m}$ JWST NIRISS/SOSS+NIRSpec/G395H transmission spectrum of the 2.2$\,R_\oplus$ TOI-270d ($4.78\,M_\oplus$, $T_\mathrm{eq}$=350-380 K), delivering unprecedented sensitivity for atmospheric characterization in the sub-Neptune regime. We detect five vibrational bands of CH$_4$ at 1.15, 1.4, 1.7, 2.3, and 3.3$\,μ$m (9.4$σ$), the signature of CO$_2$ at 4.3$\,μ$m (4.8$σ$), water vapor (2.5$σ$), and potential signatures of SO$_2$ at 4.0$\,μ\mathrm{m}$ and CS$_2$ at 4.6$\,μ\mathrm{m}$. Intriguingly, we find an overall highly metal-rich atmosphere, with a mean molecular weight of $5.47_{-1.14}^{+1.25}$. We infer an atmospheric metal mass fraction of $58_{-12}^{+8}\%$ and a C/O of $0.47_{-0.19}^{+0.16}$, indicating that approximately half the mass of the outer envelope is in high-molecular-weight volatiles (H$_2$O, CH$_4$, CO, CO$_2$) rather than H$_2$/He. We introduce a sub-Neptune classification scheme and identify TOI-270d as a "miscible-envelope sub-Neptune" in which H$_2$/He is well-mixed with the high-molecular-weight volatiles in a miscible supercritical metal-rich envelope. For a fully miscible envelope, we conclude that TOI-270d's interior is $90_{-4}^{+3}\,$wt$\,\%$ rock/iron, indicating that it formed as a rocky planet that accreted a few wt % of H$_2$/He, with the overall envelope metal content explained by magma-ocean/envelope reactions without the need for significant ice accretion. TOI-270d may well be an archetype of the overall population of sub-Neptunes.
description: arXiv
Decoherence and Quantum-state Measurement in Quantum Optics
Creators: name: Davidovich, Luiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper discusses work developed in recent years, in the domain of quantum optics, which has led to a better understanding of the classical limit of quantum mechanics. New techniques have been proposed, and experimentally demonstrated, for characterizing and monitoring in real time the quantum state of an electromagnetic field in a cavity. They allow the investigation of the dynamics of the decoherence process by which a quantum-mechanical superposition of coherent states of the field becomes a statistical mixture.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures in encapsulated postscript format, Springer LNP LaTeX macros. To appear in the Proceedings of the Conference on Decoherence, Information, Complexity, and Entropy (DICE2002), Piombino, Italy, September, 2002 (edited by T.Elze)
Additional file 3 of Serum lactate dehydrogenase level predicts the prognosis in bladder cancer patients
Creators: name: Gu, Shuo
name: Yang, Chao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Supplementary Table 2. ROC curves for predictive values of serum LDH level in UCB.
Computational model combined with in vitro experiments to analyse mechanotransduction during mesenchymal stem cell adhesion
Creators: name: Milan, Jean-Louis
name: Lavenus, Sandrine
name: Pilet, Paul
name: Louarn, Guy
name: Wendling, Sylvie
name: Heymann, Dominique
name: Layrolle, Pierre
name: Chabrand, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shape that stem cells reach at the end of adhesion process influences their differentiation. Rearrangement of cytoskeleton and modification of intracellular tension may activate mechanotransduction pathways controlling cell commitment. In the present study, the mechanical signals involved in cell adhesion were computed in in vitro stem cells of different shapes using a single cell model, the so-called Cytoskeleton Divided Medium (CDM) model. In the CDM model, the filamentous cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton networks were represented as a mechanical system of multiple tensile and compressive interactions between the nodes of a divided medium. The results showed that intracellular tonus, focal adhesion forces as well as nuclear deformation increased with cell spreading. The cell model was also implemented to simulate the adhesion process of a cell that spreads on protein-coated substrate by emitting filopodia and creating new distant focal adhesion points. As a result, the cell model predicted cytoskeleton reorganisation and reinforcement during cell spreading. The present model quantitatively computed the evolution of certain elements of mechanotransduction and may be a powerful tool for understanding cell mechanobiology and designing biomaterials with specific surface properties to control cell adhesion and differentiation.
MOESM2 of Characterization, dietary habits and nutritional intake of omnivorous, lacto-ovo vegetarian and vegan runners â€“ a pilot study
Creators: name: Nebl, Josefine
name: Schuchardt, Jan
name: Wasserfurth, Paulina
name: Haufe, Sven
name: Eigendorf, Julian
name: Tegtbur, Uwe
name: Hahn, Andreas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Dietary intake of fatty acids according to dietary pattern.
European Agri-Environmental Policy Facing the 21st Century
Creators: name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: This paper: reviews the development to date of agri-environmental policy in Europe; provides a critical assessment of its achievements and shortcomings; explores its likely future trajectory in the context of continuing CAP reform; highlights potential conflicts that may result; and draws comparisons with policy approaches in Australia and the US. The paper argues that the first generation of agri-environmental measures, implemented by northern European states in the early 1980s, focused on pollution prevention and came mainly in the form of command-and-control regulation. Agrienvironmental programmes of the second generation, implemented during the 1990s, essentially pay farmers for the provision of environmental public goods in the countryside, recognising the wider role of agriculture in maintaining and enhancing the ‘cultural landscape’. The emphasis on ‘amenity’ contrasts policy approaches in Australia and in the US which focus on resource management and the control of nonpoint source pollution, respectively. The paper argues that, while agri-environmental payment schemes constitute ‘quasimarkets’ for public goods and thus correct for a pre-existing market failure, their environmental effectiveness is often undermined by informational deficiencies and asymmetries in the farmer-government relationship. These give rise to a set of problems including adverse selection, moral hazard and high transaction costs in the delivery of policy. The problems are compounded by the fact that schemes are often poorly targeted and pursue income support as a hidden objective. The paper invokes the concept of ‘joint production’ to analyse the output and trade implications of agrienvironmental schemes and concludes that not all schemes are trade-neutral, despite the fact that European agri-environmental payments enjoy the status of Green Box instruments in the GATT. It is argued, however, that carefully designed and targeted environmental schemes may be classified as ‘trade-correcting’. The paper concludes that the future of European agri-environmental policy will depend largely on the trajectory of the Common Agricultural Policy. If future trade talks force a significant restructuring of current support mechanisms, policy makers may face strong incentives to shift funds from Blue Box productivist support to Green Box environmental support, thereby injecting significant amounts of money into the conservation of the ‘European garden’. If, in contrast, the current support system remains intact, agri-environmental policy is more likely to adopt a cross compliance approach, making income support payments contingent upon the recipients’ compliance with pre-determined environmental standards.
Effective Lagrangians and Universality Classes of Nonlinear Bigravity
Creators: name: Damour, Thibault
name: Kogan, Ian I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the fully non-linear formulation of multigravity. The concept of universality classes of effective Lagrangians describing bigravity, which is the simplest form of multigravity, is introduced. We show that non-linear multigravity theories can naturally arise in several different physical contexts: brane configurations, certain Kaluza-Klein reductions and some non-commutative geometry models. The formal and phenomenological aspects of multigravity (including the problems linked to the linearized theory of massive gravitons) are briefly discussed.
description: 41 pages, 4 Figures, final version to be published in Phys.Rev.D
Note Illustrative della Carta geologica d'Italia alla scala 1:50.000 F. 213-230, Genova, Servizio Geologico d'Italia - ISPRA
Creators: name: Capponi, G.
name: Crispini, L.
name: Cortesogno, L.
name: Gaggero, L.
name: Firpo, M.
name: Piccazzo, M.
name: Cabella, R.
name: Nosengo, S.
name: Bonci, M.C.
name: Vannucci, G.
name: Piazza, M.
name: Ramella, A.
name: Perilli, N.
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: carta geologica, Genova, Liguria, Piemonte, CARG, stratigrafia, tettonica, sottosuolo, geological map, stratigraphy, tectonics, subsurface

description: Note illustrative redatte per il Foglio geologico n. 213-230 Genova della Carta Geologica d'Italia alla scala 1:50.000. 139 pp.
MOESM1 of Characterization, dietary habits and nutritional intake of omnivorous, lacto-ovo vegetarian and vegan runners â€“ a pilot study
Creators: name: Nebl, Josefine
name: Schuchardt, Jan
name: Wasserfurth, Paulina
name: Haufe, Sven
name: Eigendorf, Julian
name: Tegtbur, Uwe
name: Hahn, Andreas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Dietary intake of essential amino acids (mg/kg BW) according to dietary pattern.
An efficient scheme for numerical simulations of the spin-bath decoherence
Creators: name: Dobrovitski, V. V.
name: De Raedt, H. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the Chebyshev expansion method is a very efficient numerical tool for studying spin-bath decoherence of quantum systems. We consider two typical problems arising in studying decoherence of quantum systems consisting of few coupled spins: (i) determining the pointer states of the system, and (ii) determining the temporal decay of quantum oscillations. As our results demonstrate, for determining the pointer states, the Chebyshev-based scheme is at least a factor of 8 faster than existing algorithms based on the Suzuki-Trotter decomposition. For the problems of second type, the Chebyshev-based approach has been 3--4 times faster than the Suzuki-Trotter-based schemes. This conclusion holds qualitatively for a wide spectrum of systems, with different spin baths and different Hamiltonians.
description: 8 pages (RevTeX), 3 EPS figures
Analyzing Growth and Instability in Subsistence Agriculture of Odisha: Evidence from Major Crops
Creators: name: Paltasingh, Kirtti Ranjan
name: Goyari, Phanindra
name: Paltasingh, Kirtti Ranjan
name: Goyari, Phanindra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: agriculture
subject: kink growth model
subject: instability
subject: weather index
subject: price risk
subject: Odisha

description: The paper has analyzed the performance of agriculture in terms of growth and instability of yield, area and production of major crops in Odisha. The growth analysis has shown a gloomy picture in the postreform era, as instability has augmented during this period, rendering the agricultural sector of Odisha as unsustainable. The various causes of low growth rate have been identified. The study has discarded the hypothesis of direct relation between high growth and high instability. Weather variability and price risk as prime source of instability have been analyzed and the study has shown that mainly weather variability plays a pivotal role than price fluctuations in augmenting risk. The paper has suggested some policy implications to augment agricultural production in Odisha.
Error Bounded Foreground and Background Modeling for Moving Object Detection in Satellite Videos
Creators: name: Zhang, Junpeng
name: Jia, Xiuping
name: Hu, Jiankun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detecting moving objects from ground-based videos is commonly achieved by using background subtraction techniques. Low-rank matrix decomposition inspires a set of state-of-the-art approaches for this task. It is integrated with structured sparsity regularization to achieve background subtraction in the developed method of Low-rank and Structured Sparse Decomposition (LSD). However, when this method is applied to satellite videos where spatial resolution is poor and targets' contrast to the background is low, its performance is limited as the data no longer fits adequately either the foreground structure or the background model. In this paper, we handle these unexplained data explicitly and address the moving target detection from space as one of the pioneer studies. We propose a technique by extending the decomposition formulation with bounded errors, named Extended Low-rank and Structured Sparse Decomposition (E-LSD). This formulation integrates low-rank background, structured sparse foreground and their residuals in a matrix decomposition problem. We provide an effective solution by introducing an alternative treatment and adopting the direct extension of Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). The proposed E-LSD was validated on two satellite videos, and experimental results demonstrate the improvement in background modeling with boosted moving object detection precision over state-of-the-art methods.
Recent Trends in Rural Employment and Wages in India: Has the Growth Benefitted the Agricultural Labours?
Creators: name: Venkatesh, P.
name: Venkatesh, P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: rural non-farm employment
subject: agricultural labour wages
subject: determinants
subject: India

description: This paper has examined three features of the rural economy in the context of transition of Indian economy: (a) shift in rural employment pattern, (b) trends in rural wages and agricultural growth, and (c) relationships between agricultural wages, productivity and rural non-farm employment (RNFE) in India. The change over of farm employment to non-farm employment has been found higher for male than female workers and the recent decade has witnessed a higher rate of transition. The RNF sector provided employment to about 38 per cent of male and 21 per cent of female labour forces in 2009-10. It is observed that although the wages were lower for farm labours than non-farm labour, the growth rate of agricultural wages has been higher than of non-farm wages. The wage determinant analysis has revealed that agricultural productivity and RNFE have a positive influence on agricultural wages, while labour availability (labourland ratio) and high dependency on agriculture pull down the wage rates. The analysis has confirmed that the growths of agriculture and RNFE have trickled down to the agricultural labour, indicating an inclusive growth. The study has concluded that policies directed towards improving agricultural productivity and promoting RNFE would provide better agricultural wage rates and assure rural livelihood security.
title: "The Market-place is the Louvre of the Common People"—Critical & Commercial ValueSystems in the Early & Late Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson
Creators: name: Jaeckle, Dominic
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 2021

description: Presenting a unique revision of the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), this thesis considers Emerson’s practical and theoretical interest in quotation andappropriation relative to his developing position on American political economy and the intellectual outcomes of antebellum economic expansionism. I will reflect on the ways in which recent scholarship has sought to examine the political and economic investments of Emerson’s authorship through his conceptualizations of the act ofreading; and examine Emerson’s relationship with cultural, critical and commercial value systems relative to his historic, political and socioeconomic contexts. Emerson’s analysis of the mechanisms and responsibilities of literary criticism depends upon the coalescence of capitalist and culturalist imperatives. I will investigate the ways in which the intersection of criticism and commerce impacted his use of metaphor, ideas of critical exchange and intellectual proprietorship; and effects his efforts to conceptualize what he called the ‘mechanics of literature.’§ Reading across two major periods of activity—1836 to 1850 and 1860 to 1875—the alliance of Emerson’s early and later works will be foregrounded in order to consider the development and coherency of his thinking. His cumulative efforts to explore the cultural, political and practical effectivity of literary criticism will be read as an indicator of the value Emerson placed on market-based economics and as foundation for an examination of his ideas of cultural progress and critical practice more widely. Through the act of quotation and appropriation, in particular, the political implications of Emerson’s thinking are underscored by an identification of the importance of context and proprietorship as determiners of cultural and critical value. I will argue that this position is informed by Emerson’s receptivity to the ascendance of market ideologies in the nineteenth century, and both underpins Emerson’s conceptualization of the act of reading and effects the ways in which Emerson has subsequently been read in twentieth and twenty-first century American Studies.
Energy Growth Linkage and Strategy for Meeting the Energy Demand in Indian Agriculture
Creators: name: Jha, Girish Kumar
name: Jha, Girish Kumar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: agriculture
subject: carbon emission
subject: commercial energy
subject: renewal energy
subject: SRI

description: The relationship between energy-use and agricultural production has been examined for major states in India. The study has indicated that high-productivity states like Punjab and Haryana use energy more than seven-times as compared to the low-productivity states like Odisha (4 GJ/ha). The paper has demonstrated that the use of energy-intensive inputs is higher on marginal farms than on large farms. The energy-related foresight exercise has suggested that the energy requirement in Indian agriculture will be double of the present consumption level (22 million tonnes of oil equivalent) for achieving 280 Mt of foodgrains production by 2020. The enhanced farm energy demand will call for a robust energy policy which should ensure reliable supply of energy to the agricultural sector, particularly to small farmers at affordable cost. The policy should also aim to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emissions by replacing fossil fuel by renewable energy sources like crop residues and solar energy. The preliminary analysis has indicated that the system of rice intensification (SRI) method is more energy-efficient as compared to transplanted rice.
Technical Change and Efficiency of Rice Production in India: A Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Approach
Creators: name: Suresh, A.
name: Suresh, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: TFP growth
subject: technical change
subject: efficiency
subject: rice
subject: Malmquist index

description: This paper has studied the trends in the total factor productivity (TFP) growth of rice in India for the period 1980-81 to 2009-10 and has decomposed the TFP growth into its constituent components, viz. change in technical progress and technical efficiency. The study has used Malmquist Productivity Index approach through data envelopment analysis to estimate the TFP. The analysis has also been carried out for two sub-periods, viz. 1980-81 to 1994-95 (period I) and 1995-96 to 2009-10 (period II) as well. For the overall period, the TFP change has been at a moderate rate of 0.2 per cent per year, with large interstate variations. The positive TFP growth has been associated with a mean technical progress of 0.3 per cent and a deterioration of the mean technical efficiency by -0.1 per cent per year. Across the states, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh have exhibited positive TFP growths during the overall period. The revival of the mean TFP to the level of 1.8 per cent per year during period II has mainly been effected by the positive technical change during this period. However, a matter of concern is the decline in technical efficiency. It is also observed that over the years the less-progressive states with respect to TFP growth during the period-I have caught up with the progressive states, mainly propelled by high rate of technical progress. The study has identified that during period-II the share of current and capital inputs in total cost of cultivation has reduced and input intensification has slowed down. The results have revealed that the recent yield stagnation in rice is not due to technology fatigue, but could be due to the sluggish input intensification. The study calls for policy initiatives for strengthening investments on research and extension for furthering the TFP growth and steps for sustainable input intensification.
Additional file 5 of Genome and transcriptome-based characterization of high energy carbon-ion beam irradiation induced delayed flower senescence mutant in Lotus japonicus
Creators: name: Du, Yan
name: Luo, Shanwei
name: Zhao, Jian
name: Feng, Zhuo
name: Chen, Xia
name: Ren, Weibin
name: Liu, Xiao
name: Wang, Zhuanzi
name: Yu, Lixia
name: Li, Wenjian
name: Qu, Ying
name: Liu, Jie
name: Zhou, Libin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5: Fig. S5. Relative expressions of 18 DEGs tested by RT-qPCR.
MOESM4 of Workforce requirements for comprehensive ischaemic stroke care in a developing country: the case of Saudi Arabia
Creators: name: Al-Senani, Fahmi
name: Salawati, Mohammad
name: AlJohani, Mohammed
name: Cuche, Matthieu
name: Ravest, Valeska Seguel
name: Eggington, Simon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Unit costs used in the model. Summary of the unit cost of each staff type included in the analysis.