cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The representation of parcels and parcel relationships in a land information system
Creators: name: Driessen, Robert J
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: A number of functionally independent cultural parcels are in common use. These include the legal parcel, assessment parcel, farm parcel and administrative parcels. Many independent Land Data Systems have been developed on the basis of individual parcel definitions. The development of successful Land Information Systems is dependent upon the integration of these single purpose systems. This integration requires an ability to incorporate a variety of distinct parcel definitions and determine the relationships between these definitions. This thesis examines some common parcel definitions and evaluates their relationships on the basis of six fundamental topological relations. A set of basic operations on parcels and parcel maps are defined and used in conjunction with the basic parcel relationships to develop a model for the representation of cultural parcels. The model is tested on theoretical data and then against three different combinations of real data sets. The tests on the cultural data of the one rural and two urban data combinations proved successful. The model is reliant upon a separate identifier for each distinct parcel definition and a knowledge of the topological relationships between each parcel represented in the model.
Stratified shear flow instabilities at large Richardson numbers
Creators: name: Alexakis, Alexandros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations of stratified shear flow instabilities are performed in two dimensions in the Boussinesq limit. The density variation length scale is chosen to be four times smaller than the velocity variation length scale so that Holmboe or Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable modes are present depending on the choice of the global Richardson number Ri. Three different values of Ri were examined Ri =0.2, 2, 20. The flows for the three examined values are all unstable due to different modes namely: the Kelvin-Helmholtz mode for Ri=0.2, the first Holmboe mode for Ri=2, and the second Holmboe mode for Ri=20 that has been discovered recently and it is the first time that it is examined in the non-linear stage. It is found that the amplitude of the velocity perturbation of the second Holmboe mode at the non-linear stage is smaller but comparable to first Holmboe mode. The increase of the potential energy however due to the second Holmboe modes is greater than that of the first mode. The Kelvin-Helmholtz mode is larger by two orders of magnitude in kinetic energy than the Holmboe modes and about ten times larger in potential energy than the Holmboe modes. The results in this paper suggest that although mixing is suppressed at large Richardson numbers it is not negligible, and turbulent mixing processes in strongly stratified environments can not be excluded.
description: Submitted to Physics of Fluids
Continental heat gain in the global climate system
Creators: name: Beltrami, Hugo
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Pollack, Henry N.
name: Huang, Shaopeng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Earth temperature
Atmosphere
Paleoclimatology

description: Recent estimates have shown the heat gained by the ocean, atmosphere, and cryosphere as 18.2 • 10²²J, 6.6 •; 10²¹J, and 8.1 • 10²¹J, respectively over the past half-century. However, the heat gain of the lithosphere via a heat flux across the solid surface of the continents (29% of the Earth's surface) has not been addressed. Here we calculate that component of Earth's changing energy budget, using ground-surface temperature reconstructions for the continents. In the last half-century there was an average flux of 39.1 mW m⁻² across the land surface into the subsurface, leading to 9.1 • 10²¹J absorbed by the ground. The heat inputs during the last half-century into all the major components of the climate system--atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, lithosphere--reinforce the conclusion that the warming during the interval has been global.
Paleointensity applications to timing and extent of eruptive activity, 9°-10°N East Pacific Rise
Creators: name: Bowles, Julie
name: Gee, Jeffrey S.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Perfit, Michael R.
name: Soule, S. Adam
name: Fornari, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Placing accurate age constraints on near-axis lava flows has become increasingly important given the structural and volcanic complexity of the neovolcanic zone at fast spreading ridges. Geomagnetic paleointensity of submarine basaltic glass (SBG) holds promise for placing quantitative age constraints on near-axis flows. In one of the first extensive tests of paleointensity as a dating tool or temporal marker we present the results of over 550 successful SBG paleointensity estimates from 189 near-axis (<4 km) sites at the East Pacific Rise, 9°-10°N. Paleointensities range from 6 to 53 μT and spatially correspond to the pattern expected from known temporal variations in the geomagnetic field. Samples within and adjacent to the axial summit trough (AST) have values approximately equal to or slightly higher than the present-day. Samples out to 1-3 km from the AST have values higher than the present-day, and samples farther off axis have values lower than the present-day. The on-axis samples (<500 m from the AST) provide a test case for using models of paleofield variation for the past few hundred years as an absolute dating technique. Results from samples collected near a well-documented eruption in 1991-1992 suggest there may be a small negative bias in the paleointensity estimates, limiting resolution of the dating technique. Possible explanations for such a bias include local field anomalies produced by preexisting magnetic terrain; anomalously high magnetic unblocking temperatures, leading to a small cooling rate bias; and/or the possibility of a chemical remanence produced by in situ alteration of samples likely to have complicated thermal histories. Paleointensity remains useful in approximating age differences in young flows, and a clear along-axis paleointensity contrast near 9°50′N is suggestive of a ~150-200 year age difference. Paleointensity values of off-axis samples are generally consistent with rough age interpretations based on side scan data. Furthermore, spatial patterns in the paleointensity suggest extensive off-axis flow emplacement may occur infrequently, with recurrence intervals of 10-20 kyr. Results of a stochastic model of lava emplacement show that this can be achieved with a single distribution of flows, with flow size linked to time between eruptions.
On the relation between supersoft X-ray sources and VY Scl stars: The cases of V504 Cen and VY Scl
Creators: name: Greiner, J.
name: Schwarz, R.
name: Tappert, C.
name: Mennickent, R. E.
name: Reinsch, K.
name: Sala, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize our optical monitoring program of VY Scl stars with the SMARTS telescopes, and triggered X-ray as well as optical observations after/during state transitions of V504 Cen and VY Scl.
description: 4 pages, Proc. of workshop "SuperSoft X-ray Sources - New Developments", ESTEC/Villafranca, May 2009, to appear in AN
Learned helplessness, self-worth protection and attributional retraining for primary school children
Creators: name: Craske, Marie-Louise
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This series of three studies examines the effectiveness of an attributional retraining program for primary school children, whose performance is detrimentally affected by failure. One explanation for impaired performances after failure suggests that students who attribute lack of success to inability become academically helpless. This approach, with its roots in learned helplessness theory and Weiner's theory of achievement motivation, predicts a 'successful outcome from attributtonal retraining programs which encourage students to attribute academic successes and failures to the presence or absence of effort. A second explanation suggests that some students perform more poorly after failure because they 'give up' in order to protect a sense of self-worth. This is threatened when failure occurs in conjunction with high levels of effort. It is predicted that effort attributional retraining will not influence the performance of students motivated by such considerations. The first experiment aimed to improve the persistence of Grade 5 and 6 children who displayed helpless behaviour on a puzzle completion task. Attributional retraining involved observation of a model who was rewarded for attributing outcomes to effort. At post-testing, increased persistence was found in female, but not male subjects. One possible explanation for the sex difference is that the males were not helpless but were motivated to protect selfworth and were therefore not willing to expend effort when failure was likely. In the second experiment, the effectiveness of training was compared for two groups of upper primary school children identified as either helpless or self-worth motivated. Before training both groups showed impaired performance after failure on an arithmetic task. In addition, the latter group demonstrated an improvement in performance in response to a mitigating circumstance, (a description of the task as 'very difficult'), which could explain failure without implicating low ability as the cause. As predicted, effort attributional retraining, this time using a participant modelling technique, innoculated the helpless group against failure, and resulted in an increased emphasis on effort and decreased emphasis on ability in accounting for failures. In the self-worth group, there was no change in performance after failure or in ability attributions after training, although there was an increased emphasis on effort. The effectiveness of the participant modelling procedure was further established in a third experiment, in which helpless students again appeared to be innoculated against failure. This effect was maintained over a two week post-training period, and there is some evidence that Improved performance generalised to an anagram task. The results are discussed in terms of the effective components of attributional retraining programs, and implications for the alternative explanations for impaired performance after failure.
Spatial performance of four climate field reconstruction methods targeting the Common Era
Creators: name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Kaplan, Alexey
name: Zorita, Eduardo
name: González-Rouco, Jesús Fidel
name: Evans, M. N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Atmosphere

description: The spatial skill of four climate field reconstruction (CFR) methods is investigated using pseudoproxy experiments (PPEs) based on two millennial-length general circulation model simulations. Results indicate that presently available global and hemispheric CFRs for the Common Era likely suffer from spatial uncertainties not previously characterized. No individual method produced CFRs with universally superior spatial error statistics, making it difficult to advocate for one method over another. Northern Hemisphere means are shown to be insufficient for evaluating spatial skill, indicating that the spatial performance of future CFRs should be rigorously tested for dependence on proxy type and location, target data and employed methodologies. Observed model-dependent methodological performance also indicates that CFR methods must be tested across multiple models and conclusions from PPEs should be carefully evaluated against the spatial statistics of real-world climatic fields.
Quarkonium above deconfinement as an open quantum system
Creators: name: Young, Clint
name: Dusling, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quarkonium at temperatures above deconfinement is modeled as an open quantum system, whose dynamics is determined not just by a potential energy and mass, but also by a drag coefficient which characterizes its interaction with the medium. The reduced density matrix for a heavy particle experiencing dissipative forces is expressed as an integral over paths in imaginary time and evaluated numerically. We demonstrate that dissipation could affect the Euclidean heavy-heavy correlators calculated in lattice simulations at temperatures just above deconfinement.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Marcando Presencia in a Changing Chicago: Mexican/Latinx Teacher Testimonios from Barrio Classrooms
Creators: name: Alcala, Ramona
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This dissertation is a qualitative testimonio study that documents the reflections and experiences of twenty Mexican/Latinx Chicago teachers through a Latino Critical Race (LatCrit) Studies in Education theoretical lens. These testimonios contribute to the ongoing documentation of educational lucha and community organizing, by centering Latinx teacher narratives that spoke to their own experiences growing up, and then teaching in working-class Latinx classrooms and barrios. Furthermore, while the research of the evolving Latinx experience in the United States is burgeoning, this dissertation is part of a growing movement of Latinxs marcando presencia within a Midwestern geographical and historical context. Latinx teacher testimonios showed that educators were determined to: 1) contest constantly shifting (and what they perceived as racist) educational policies and reforms that often overlooked and diminished the important work of cariño in schools, 2) elevate curricular and pedagogical practices that cultivated cultural, linguistic, and barrio orgullo in young Latinx students, and 3) (re)claim their schools and barrios by providing more nuanced perspectives about the power of living/working within working-class communities of color, and the experiences with and the meaning of segregation in Chicago. This important experiential knowledge shared through Latinx teacher testimonios can contribute to building more culturally sustaining, humanizing, and place specific curricular and pedagogical practices needed to improve the educational and lived experiences of working-class Latinx youth, as well as gain a more detailed understanding of how to best recruit and adequately support Latinx educators.
Eocene biostratigraphy and magnetic stratigraphy from Possagno, Italy: The calcareous nannofossil response to climate variability
Creators: name: Agnini, Claudia
name: Muttoni, Giovanni
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Rio, Domenico
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: A study of quantitative calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of a ∼ 68-m-thick marine limestone section of Late Paleocene–Middle Eocene age outcropping at Possagno in northern Italy shows that the section encompasses nannofossil Zones NP9–NP15 (equivalent to CP8–CP13b) and Chrons C24r–C21n. The Paleocene–Eocene boundary was placed at the base a of δ13C negative excursion from the literature that was found virtually coincident with the base of Zone NP9b. The base of the Middle Eocene (Lutetian) was placed at the base of Chron C21r. Biostratigraphic events were generally found to be consistent with parallel events in recent time scales; several potentially useful new events are also described. In particular, we detected the earliest specimens of Dictyococcites at the base of Chron C22r (NP12–NP13 zonal transition), which is several million years older than previous estimates. Correlation of Possagno data to the oxygen isotope record from the literature allowed us to describe the temporal relationships between climate variability and calcareous nannofossil assemblages. Modifications in the nannofossil assemblage coeval to both the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and the Early–Middle Eocene long-term climatic trend are recognized. The short-lived PETM was coeval to provisional adaptations (malformations and/or ecophenotypes) in the coccolithophores communities that were reabsorbed upon return to long-term varying climatic conditions. The Early–Middle Eocene long-term climatic trend was instead coeval to true evolutionary trends with the appearance of the very successful Noelaerhabdaceae clade whose offsprings include the most important bloom-forming coccolithophorids in the modern ocean. The Early–Middle Eocene can thus be considered the time in which nannoplankton communities set course toward modern structure triggering a reconfiguration of the global ocean life chain.
The Dababiya Quarry section: Lithostratigraphy, clay mineralogy, geochemistry and paleontology
Creators: name: Dupuis, Christian
name: Aubry, Marie-Pierre
name: Steurbaut, Etienne
name: Berggren, William A.
name: Ouda, Khaled
name: Magioncalda, Roberto
name: Cramer, Benjamin S.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Speijer, Robert P.
name: Heilmann-Clausen, Claus
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Paleontology

description: The Global Standard Stratotype-section (GSSP) for the Paleocene/Eocene (P/E) boundary has been selected in the Dababiya Quarry, near Luxor, at the base of a lithostratigraphic unit where the base of the so-called Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE) is recorded. The Dababiya Quarry offers remarkable three-dimensional exposures of the Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene succession in the Nile Valley which comprises the Tarawan Chalk, the Esna Shale and the Thebes Limestone. The horizon that constitutes the P/E GSSP is located in the lower part of the Esna Shale Formation. This formation, remarkably thick (~130m) at Dababiya, is largely of homogenous gray shales. Its lower part includes, however, a thin lithostratigraphic unit in a typical succession of five characteristic beds that can be followed throughout Upper Egypt, and at the base of which the GSSP is defined. We formally describe this unit as the Dababiya Quarry Beds at the same time as we subdivide the Esna Shale Formation into three formal lithostratigraphic units. The Dababiya Quarry Beds constitute the lower part of Unit Esna 2. While we place emphasis on the description of the lithology, mineralogy, carbon isotope stratigraphy and paleontology of the Dababiya Beds, we provide a mineralogic and biostratigraphic framework for the whole exposure of Esna Shale at Dababiya that constitutes essentially a complete record from the base of calcareous nannofossil Zone NP9 to Zone NP11 and planktonic foraminiferal Zone P4 to P8. The carbon isotopic excursion, measured on organic matter is ~3m thick and has an amplitude of ~4‰. The planktonic foraminiferal excursion taxa are sporadic and the distinct Discoaster araneus-Rhomboaster spp. association is persistent throughout the CIE-interval.
The social effects of new technology in schools : the SENTIS report
Creators: name: Fluck, AE
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This SENTIS (Social Effects of New Technology in Schools) report examines some of the social effects of new technology in schools. The main focus is on the relationship between sociability and student computer use in schools. Other topics include gender bias, home computer use, socioeconomic differences and attitudes to computer use. Evidence from personal interviews and a statistical survey analysis is presented. The study was completed in two phases. In phase one, schools from all sectors were investigated. The data-collection techniques used in this first phase included an automatic network traffic probe. Analysis of this intial data focussed the second phase on state high schools. Three of the phase one schools were re-visited three years later in phase two. In phase two, information was gathered from 12 representative Tasmanian High Schools. 4356 students completed surveys on their use of computers the previous school day. A sample of teachers and students at each school were interviewed. Group integration, as determined from a sociogram of each class, was found to be highly dependent upon class size. The relationship between class size and group integration was determined, and eliminated from the data, so that different schools could be meaningfully compared. No significant correlation between sociability and increased computer use was found. Therefore, the main finding of the SENTIS project is that computer use has no role in degrading friendship relationships in schools. A significant conclusion from the study is the extremely rapid rise in the proportion of the curriculum which depends upon computer use in schools, and the equally rapid rise in the amount of time students are spending each day engaged in computer use. Teachers expressed concerns about the isolating effect of individual computer use. However, students felt that computers could enhance friendships. Suggestions for future research include the idea that SENTIS monitoring should continue on a regular basis and cover additional aspects of socialisation. As the trend to greater computer use in education continues, it will be increasingly important to establish not only the academic efficacy of the new technology, but also whether the change in teaching methods is beneficial in terms of its wider societal effects.
The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Eocene Series in the Dababiya section (Egypt)
Creators: name: Aubry, Marie-Pierre
name: Ouda, Khaled
name: Dupuis, Christian
name: Berggren, William A.
name: Van Couvering, John A.
name: Ali, Jason
name: Brinkhuis, Henk
name: Gingerich, Philip. R.
name: Heilmann-Clausen, Claus
name: Hooker, Jeremy
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: King, Chris
name: Knox, Robert W. O.'B.
name: Laga, Peter
name: Molina, Eustoquio
name: Schmitz, Birger
name: Steurbaut, Etienne
name: Ward, David R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Physical geography

description: The GSSP for the base of the Eocene Series is located at 1.58 m above the base of Section DBH in the Dababiya Quarry, on the east bank of the Nile River, about 35 km south of Luxor, Egypt. It is the base of Bed 1 of the Dababyia Quarry Beds of the El Mahmiya Member of the Esna Formation, interpreted as having recorded the basal inflection of the carbon isotope excursion (CIE), a prominent (3 to 5%) geochemical signature which is recorded in marine (deep and shallow) and terrestrial settings around the world. The Paleocene/Eocene boundary is thus truly a globally correlatable chronostratigraphic level. It may be correlated also on the basis of 1) the mass extinction of abyssal and bathyal benthic foraminifera (Stensioina beccariiformis microfauna), and reflected at shallower depths by a minor event; 2) the transient occurrence of the excursion taxa among the planktonic foraminifera (Acarinina africana, A. sibaiyaensis, Morozovella allisonensis); 3) the transient occurrence of the Rhomboaster spp. - Discoaster araneus (RD) assemblage; 4) an acme of the dinoflagellate Apectodinium complex. The GSSP-defined Paleocene/Eocene boundary is approximately 0.8 my older than the base of the standard Eocene Series as defined by the Ypresian Stage in epicontinental northwestern Europe.
How Dark Matter Reionized The Universe
Creators: name: Belikov, Alexander V.
name: Hooper, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although empirical evidence indicates that that the universe's gas had become ionized by redshift z ~ 6, the mechanism by which this transition occurred remains unclear. In this article, we explore the possibility that dark matter annihilations may have played the dominant role in this process. Energetic electrons produced in these annihilations can scatter with the cosmic microwave background to generate relatively low energy gamma rays, which ionize and heat gas far more efficiently than higher energy prompt photons. In contrast to previous studies, we find that viable dark matter candidates with electroweak scale masses can naturally provide the dominant contribution to the reionization of the universe. Intriguingly, we find that dark matter candidates capable of producing the recent cosmic ray excesses observed by PAMELA and/or ATIC are also predicted to lead to the full reionization of the universe by z ~ 6.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures; error in figure 2 corrected, conclusions unchanged
title: The Effectiveness of Training for Empathy in Pre-Service Teacher Education
Creators: name: Jessen, John Bruce
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1976

description: The specific objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of training on understanding empathy in the teacher training process.
Subjects were Utah State University students enrolled in Elementary Education during winter quarter 1976. The experimental group was composed of 34 subjects and the control group of 27 subjects.
Both groups were administered a pretest. The experimental group then received the treatment which consisted of a training program designed to help them to be able to (1) define, (2) recognize instances of, and (3) to emit empathic behavior. At the conclusion of the training program both the experimental and the control groups were administered a posttest.
A hypothesis of significant difference was formulated stating there would be a significant difference between posttest scores of the experimental and control groups on a measure of empathic understanding.
Results of the study indicate that in fact a significant difference was found as a result of the experimental treatment.
On the criteria measured, the empathy training program did have a significant effect on the emitted empathic behavior of the subjects in the treatment group.
Shakespeare's sea changes : the reworked patterns of creativity
Creators: name: Hartley, DL
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This study presents a view of Shakespeare's plays as a reworking of each other in order to highlight changes in their linguistic texture and in the attitudes to language portrayed within them. Each chapter presents two plays which have common features of style, and as the thesis progresses, I consider some of the ways in which later plays transmute the ideas and situations of the earlier ones. My first chapter examines A Midsummer Night's Dream and Romeo and Juliet. A playful spirit is evident in these plays through experimentation with conventional verse forms and through imagery which is used extensively as much for its own beauty as for the creation of atmosphere.
title: Design and Characterization of a Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer for Composition Measurements in the Upper Atmosphere
Creators: name: Everett, E. Addison
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: In-situ composition measurements of the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) are challenging; this region is only accessible via high-speed sounding rockets, ambient pressures extend into the 10-3 Torr range, and particles of interest range in mass from electrons to meteoric smoke and dust particles. Time-of-flight mass spectrometers (TOF-MS) are capable of making fast, accurate measurements over a wide mass range. However, since they rely on pressure-sensitive microchannel plate (MCP) detectors and high voltages, they have rarely been applied at these altitudes. A new TOF-MS for making in-situ composition measurements in the MLT has been developed at the Space Dynamics Laboratory. This instrument employs modest acceleration potentials and a pressure-tolerant MCP detector. A Bradbury-Nielsen gate is used to produce short, well-defined ion pulses to reduce the temporal and spatial uncertainty of sampled ions. A prototype TOF-MS was constructed and used to demonstrate TOF-MS technology under conditions relevant to in-situ MLT measurements. Operational boundaries and capabilities of this new instrument were identified through laboratory experiments combined with computer modeling. The prototype instrument achieved a maximum resolution of 100 at m/z 40 (Ar), sufficient to resolve major atmospheric species of interest. During experiments at elevated pressures, the MCP detector maintained low background count rates (/second) at pressures as high as 10-3 Torr. A novel getter-based vacuum system was evaluated for use with the new TOF-MS, and a computer model was developed to simulate instrument pressure during a rocket flight. Results from these experiments suggest that when combined with an appropriately sized sampling aperture, this pumping system can extend the measurement range of the instrument to lower altitudes by 10 – 20 km, compared to an unpumped instrument. A computer model was developed to study the effects of critical operating parameters on instrument performance; the most important factor affecting resolution was found to be the initial energy spread of sampled ions. Sensitivity and number density measurement analyses suggest the new instrument will measure major species in the MLT at better than 10% uncertainty. Composition measurements made with the new TOF-MS will contribute to a better understanding of the MLT.
Tectonically controlled subglacial lakes on the flanks of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, East Antarctica
Creators: name: Bell, Robin E.
name: Studinger, Michael
name: Fahnestock, Mark A.
name: Shuman, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Hydrology
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The morphology of surface lakes strongly influences their ecology and limnology (Wetzel, 2001). This morphology is a result of both the geologic processes that produce topographic basins and the regional climatic and local hydrologic processes that control water depth and sediment infilling (Carroll and Bohacs, 1999). Although basin forming processes range from glacial scour to meteorite impacts (Cohen, 2003), the deepest, oldest surface lakes are tectonically controlled (Meybeck, 1995) and contain diverse exotic ecosystems (Rossiterm and Kawanabe, 2000). Subglacial lakes are also thought to be ancient systems that may contain exotic biota (Bulat et al., 2004; Karl et al., 1999; Priscu et al., 1999). Here we present evidence for the scale and configuration of 2 large subglacial lakes in East Antarctica that together with Lake Vostok define a province of major lakes on the flanks of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains. Spatially-defined in the new Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery of Antarctica (T. Scambos et al., A MODIS-based mosaic of Antarctica: MOA, submitted to Remote Sensing of Environment, 2005, hereinafter referred to as Scambos et al., submitted manuscript, 2005), these lakes are aligned parallel to Lake Vostok. Other data shows that they are distinguished by distinct gravity lows, flat ice surface slopes and have estimated water depths of at least 900 m. Surface elevation data indicates that large deep subglacial lakes have a profound influence on the regional ice sheet topography and probably ice sheet flow. These deep subglacial lakes with elongate, rectilinear morphology are tectonically controlled features. Unlike the shallow lakes in West Antarctica and beneath Dome Concordia, these deep subglacial lakes remained stable environments through many glacial cycles since their origin 10-35 Ma enabling the development of novel ecosystems.
Plasmon polaritons in photonic superlattices containing a left-handed material
Creators: name: Reyes-Gomez, E.
name: Bruno-Alfonso, A.
name: Cavalcanti, S. B.
name: de Carvalho, C. A. A.
name: Oliveira, L. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze one-dimensional photonic superlattices which alternate layers of air and a left-handed material. We assume Drude-type dispersive responses for the dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability of the left-handed material. Maxwell's equations and the transfer-matrix technique are used to derive the dispersion relation for the propagation of obliquely incident optical fields. The photonic dispersion indicates that the growth-direction component of the electric (or magnetic) field leads to the propagation of electric (or magnetic) plasmon polaritons, for either TE or TM configurations. Furthermore, we show that if the plasma frequency is chosen within the photonic $=0$ zeroth-order bandgap, the coupling of light with plasmons weakens considerably. As light propagation is forbidden in that particular frequency region, the plasmon-polariton mode reduces to a pure plasmon mode.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
title: Autonomous Highway Systems Safety and Security
Creators: name: Sajjad, Imran
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Automated vehicles are getting closer each day to large-scale deployment. It is expected that self-driving cars will be able to alleviate traffic congestion by safely operating at distances closer than human drivers are capable of and will overall improve traffic throughput. In these conditions, passenger safety and security is of utmost importance.
When multiple autonomous cars follow each other on a highway, they will form what is known as a cyber-physical system. In a general setting, there are tools to assess the level of influence a possible attacker can have on such a system, which then describes the level of safety and security. An attacker might attempt to counter the benefits of automation by causing collisions and/or decreasing highway throughput.
These strings (platoons) of automated vehicles will rely on control algorithms to maintain required distances from other cars and objects around them. The vehicle dynamics themselves and the controllers used will form the cyber-physical system and its response to an attacker can be assessed in the context of multiple interacting vehicles.
While the vehicle dynamics play a pivotal role in the security of this system, the choice of controller can also be leveraged to enhance the safety of such a system. After knowledge of some attacker capabilities, adversarial-aware controllers can be designed to react to the presence of an attacker, adding an extra level of security.
This work will attempt to address these issues in vehicular platooning. Firstly, a general analysis concerning the capabilities of possible attacks in terms of control system theory will be presented. Secondly, mitigation strategies to some of these attacks will be discussed. Finally, the results of an experimental validation of these mitigation strategies and their implications will be shown.
title: Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater: Effects of Inoculants and Nutrient Management on Biomethane Production and Treatment
Creators: name: Peterson, Jason
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Due to population expiation and the increased awareness of the impact on the environment by wastewater treatment, improved wastewater treatment systems are needed to treat municipal and agricultural wastewater. Treating wastewater with oxygen decreases carbon compounds at the expense of energy to move carbon and oxygen to be in contact with each other. Anaerobic digestion of wastewater can reduce the cost by utilizing microbes to treat high amounts of carbon in wastewater without the need for extensive oxygen requirement. With a proper balance of nutrients, microbes also produce methane, a renewable energy source.
It has been suggested that microalgae be utilized to help balance the nitrogen content of wastewater for treatment by microbes. One challenge with the use of algae is the initial breakdown of algae cells. Using a digester with microorganism that can produce methane and decompose algae could enhance production of methane from the digestion of algae. The combination of wastewater, which is high in carbon content relative to nitrogen, with algae, which is high in nitrogen, could provide the balance needed for the microbes to treat wastewater and provide methane.
A biomethane potential test was used to compare the ability of two microbe communities, facultative lagoon sediment and anaerobic digester sludge to digest algae. Each microbe community treated dairy, swine, municipal, and petrochemical wastewater
augmented with algae and acetate. The ability to degrade augmented wastewater and produce methane was determined by measuring the volume and composition of biogas produced over time. Both treatments were successful in production of methane. Facultative lagoon sediment showed more methane produced per carbon dioxide than anaerobic digester sludge.
SCORE - Network for an Open and Accessible Biology Education: The promise of equity and the challenge of sustainability (RCU-UBE Introduction)
Creators: name: Eaton, Carrie
name: Smith, Michelle
name: Bonner, Kaitlin
name: Douma, Jason
name: Wojdak, Jeremy
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: The mission of the SCORE-UBE Network is to help our Network participants achieve their sustainability and broader impact goals by working together to amplify the value and reach of open education in STEM and to align our resources and practices with the principles of anti-racism, equity, social justice, and inclusion. In particular, we see open education as an approach and mindset to transform teaching and learning to center the needs of underrepresented and marginalized learners and instructors who have been systematically excluded from the benefits of traditional educational systems.
Paleomagnetism of Jurassic Rocks in the Western Sierra Nevada Metamorphic Belt and its Bearing on the Structural Evolution of the Sierra Nevada Block
Creators: name: Bogen, Nicholas L.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Schweickert, Richard A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The western metamorphic belt of the Sierra Nevada consists of two eugeosynclinal terranes separated by the Melones and Sonora faults. Subvertical, bedded Mesozoic volcanic rocks metamorphosed to low greenschist facies predominate to the west, whereas Paleozoic metamorphic rocks of higher grade and greater structural complexity predominate to the east. In order to study the structural development of the faults, 121 samples of basalt and diabase were collected for paleomagnetic analysis from three Jurassic formations, the Logtown Ridge and Penon Blanco formations west of the Melones fault and the Sonora dike swarm to the east of the Sonora fault. A northwesterly, downward directed magnetization occurs in each unit. Three fold tests and a conglomerate test on the two formations west of the faults show that the magnetization is secondary, postdating Nevadan (Late Jurassic) folding and is probably coeval with peak metamorphism. An average of five paleomagnetic poles from the Sierra Nevada, three derived from the secondary magnetizations given herein and two previously published, all of probable Kimmeridgian age, yields λ′=67.2°N, ϕ′=161.2°E, and α95 =6.5°. Southeasterly magnetizations also occur in the Logtown Ridge Formation and Sonora dike swarm. Directions from the Sonora dikes are approximately antipodal to the secondary directions and are reversed; magnetizations from the Logtown Ridge Formation yield similar results only if corrected for the tilt of bedding. The Logtown Ridge magnetizations (tilt-corrected) yield a pole position near to that expected for North America. The data from the Sonora dikes require a tilt correction of 25°-30° toward the south-southwest about a horizontal axis parallel to the regional structure in order to yield a North American pole position. We conclude that the eastern wall rocks of the Melones and Sonora faults have been rotated 25°-30° in response to Nevadan deformation in contrast to the western wall rocks, which have been rotated about 90°.
Role of tropical Pacific SSTs in global medieval hydroclimate: A modeling study
Creators: name: Burgman, Robert
name: Seager, Richard
name: Clement, Amy
name: Herweijer, Celine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Climatology
Hydrology
Ocean temperature

description: The role of tropical Pacific SSTs in driving global medieval hydroclimate is assessed. Using fossil coral records from Palmyra Atoll, tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) boundary conditions are derived for the period 1320-1462 A.D. These boundary conditions consist of La Niña-like mean state conditions in the tropical Pacific with inter-annual and decadal variability about that altered state. The reconstructed SSTs in the tropical Pacific are used to force a 16 member ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations, coupled to a one layer ocean model outside of the tropical Pacific. The AGCM simulations of medieval climate are compared with modern climate simulations for the period 1856-2005 A.D. and are shown to reproduce many aspects of medieval hydroclimate found in paleo-proxy records for much of the Western Hemisphere, northern Eurasia, and the northern tropics. These results suggest that many features of global medieval hydroclimate changes can be explained by changes in tropical Pacific SSTs, though the potential role for other oceans is also discussed.
Christian Traditions in the Contemporary Middle East: A Bibliographic Essay
Creators: name: Baker, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Religion

description: Following the bibliographic trails begun in the preceding works will lead the reader to a range of primary and secondary resources treating many aspects of the various traditions addressed in this essay, including works dealing in greater depth with the particular Churches. As this essay was being completed, dramatic events have been unfolding in Tunisia, Egypt, Syria, and elsewhere in the region. The broader consequences of these events, as well as their significance for the Christian communities there, are uncertain. Some continue to urge a more integrated role for the Churches in public life, while others warn of further marginalization. It is hoped that the works recommended above will provide useful guidance to those interested in learning more about the contemporary circumstances of these important and dynamic Christian traditions.
The comparative UVB photobiology of Phaeocystis antarctica and selected species of Antarctic marine diatoms
Creators: name: Davidson, Andrew T
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Stratospheric ozone protects the earth's surface from short wavelength UVB radiation. Over Antarctica, ozone concentrations presently fall to less than 30% of pre-ozone hole values during spring and ozone depletion persists into January and February. UVB reduces phytoplankton growth, primary production and survival in the upper 10-20 meters of the water column. Shallow phytoplankton blooms in the sea ice and marginal ice zone, which are responsible for much of the primary production in the Southern Ocean, appear vulnerable to damage by increased UV-B radiation. This thesis examines the effect of UVB radiation on Phaeocystis antarctica and selected species of Antarctic marine diatoms. The colonial stage in the life cycle of P. antarctica was found to possess high concentrations of UV-absorbing compounds but diatoms lacked significant concentrations of these compounds. Results from the laboratory using artificial sources of UVB, and obtained under natural solar radiation at Davis Station, Antarctica, showed marked interspecific differences in the tolerance of Antarctic phytoplankton to UVB. Survival, primary production and growth of colonial P. antarctica when exposed to UVB was compared with that of the flagellate stage in the life cycle of this alga and selected diatom species. Unexpectedly, laboratory experiments showed that the diatoms, which lacked UV absorbing compounds, survived UVB irradiances three to five times higher than those that caused mortality in colonial stage P. antarctica. Exposure of diatoms to PAR and UVA reduced their survival. However, low UVB irradiances increased their survival to levels similar to PAR exposed control treatments. Thus, UVB may be involved in photorepair mechanism for UVA induced damage. Competition experiments, using cultures of motile and colonial P. antarctica together with diatoms, were exposed to natural Antarctic irradiance at Davis Station. These showed direct evidence of UVB induced changes in phytoplankton species composition. Growth of the colonial stage of P. antarctica was enhanced at the expense of diatoms. Thus, laboratory experiments which showed that the colonial life stage of P. antarctica was the most susceptible species to UVB induced mortality were not indicative of its relative success at natural Antarctic sublethal fluxes. P. antarctica is important in Antarctic waters for several reason. Its blooms are, pivotal in determining trophic function, poorly grazed by metazooplankton, contribute little to the flux of carbon to deep water and are known to release high concentrations of dimethylsulfide to the atmosphere which act as cloud condensation nuclei. Results reported here indicate the potential for altered trophodynamics, vertical carbon flux and global albedo as a result of Antarctic ozone depletion.
title: Analysis of Beef Steaks of Varying USDA Quality Grades and Thicknesses Cooked on Low and High Grill Surface Temperatures
Creators: name: Gardner, ToniRae
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The objective of this project was to analyze the thermodynamics (thermal conductivity and diffusivity as well as protein denaturation) and physical properties (percent expressible moisture, cooking loss, change in steak thickness, shear force, texture profile analysis and rheological behavior) of beef steaks of different USDA quality grades (Upper 2/3 Choice and Select), thicknesses (thick and thin), and grill surface temperatures (high and low) cooked to the same internal degree of doneness to determine if a specific set of cooking parameters would create a profound difference in the eating characteristics, described by the tenderness and juiciness of cooked beef strip steaks.
The elastic behavior of the surface and centers of beef steaks were analyzed to determine how the microstructure of the beef responded to applied stress. The elastic behavior of steak centers was influenced in a three-way interaction between USDA Quality Grade, steak thickness, and grill surface temperature while the elastic behavior of the surface of steaks was influenced only by USDA Quality Grade and steak thickness. These interactions along with the differences in the thermal characteristic of proteins suggest that the microstructure of beef steaks is significantly affected by each cooking treatment group. The physical properties in the beef steaks further support through more tangible applications that the composition, thickness, and cooking regiments impact the microstructure and thermal properties of beef and thus final tenderness and texture.
This project identified cooking preparation should take into consideration that quality grade, thickness and cooking temperature will affect the textural eating qualities of beef steaks. Choice steaks were shown to be ideally sliced thick and cooked on a low grill surface temperature supported by the springiness, hardness, expressible moisture, and rheological data. Select steaks were not always effected by grill surface temperature and had similar results among the different measurements but the hardness, resilience and chewiness values along with viscosity suggest a thick steak cooked at a high grill surface temperature. Therefore, cooking parameters may be utilized as a mechanism to enhance beef steak palatability.