cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A study on the clinical significance and sources of Escherichia coli in Tasmania
Creators: name: Manandhar, Renu
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: A review of the incidence of diarrhea in developing and developed countries was made giving an overview of the causal agents of diarrhoea in these regions and comparing aetiological agents and possibilities for transmission in these regions and in Tasmania. A wide range of diarrhoeal agents have been reported from developing countries, whereas in developed countries fewer diarrhoeal agents have been reported. Although diarrhoeal illness is a relatively minor problem in developed countries, diarrhoea is still common and a major problem in many developing countries. One of the common causal agents in the developed world are the aetiological agents of Travellers' Diarrhoea. ieenterotoxigenic Escherichiacoli (ETEC). enteroaggregative E. coil (EAggEC) and the causal agent of Haemorrhagic Colitis (HC) and Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS), enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC/VTEC). Due to technical reasons and the inconvenience of high costs, routine tests for these pathotypes of E. coil are not conducted and hence the situation arises whereby screening for the most important bacterial agents of diarrhoea in the developed countries is often not performed. E. coil pathotypes are found to be most commonly associated with water and food. ETEC and VTEC being commonly reported. Other important agents for diarrhoea include Clostridium difficile from cases of antibiotic associated diarrhoea and Yersiniu eruerocolitica. In Tasmania, invasive E. coil has been suggested as a possible cause of diarrhoeal infection. From the results it appears that VTEC is the commonest pathotype of E. coli in Tasmania.
Magneto crystalline anisotropies in (Ga,Mn)As: A systematic theoretical study and comparison with experiment
Creators: name: Zemen, J.
name: Kucera, J.
name: Olejnik, K.
name: Jungwirth, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical survey of magnetocrystalline anisotropies in (Ga,Mn)As epilayers and compare the calculations to available experimental data. Our model is based on an envelope function description of the valence band holes and a spin representation for their kinetic-exchange interaction with localised electrons on Mn ions, treated in the mean-field approximation. For epilayers with growth induced lattice-matching strains we study in-plane to out-of-plane easy-axis reorientations as a function of Mn local-moment concentration, hole concentration, and temperature. Next we focus on the competition of in-plane cubic and uniaxial anisotropies. We add an in-plane shear strain to the effective Hamiltonian in order to capture measured data in bare, unpatterned epilayers, and we provide microscopic justification for this approach. The model is then extended by an in-plane uniaxial strain and used to directly describe experiments with strains controlled by postgrowth lithography or attaching a piezo stressor. The calculated easy-axis directions and anisotropy fields are in semiquantitative agreement with experiment in a wide parameter range.
${\cal O}(αα_s)$ corrections to the $γt\bar{t}$ vertex at the top quark threshold
Creators: name: Kiyo, Yuichiro
name: Seidel, Dirk
name: Steinhauser, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the last missing piece of the two-loop ${\cal O}(αα_s)$ corrections to $γt \bar{t}$ vertex at the $t \bar{t}$ threshold due to the exchange of a $W$ boson and a gluon. This contribution constitutes a building block of the top quark threshold production cross section at electron positron colliders.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
The Ozone Hole Indirect Effect: Cloud-Radiative Anomalies Accompanying the Poleward Shift of the Eddy-Driven Jet in the Southern Hemisphere
Creators: name: Grise, Kevin Michael
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Tselioudis, George
name: Wu, Yutian
name: Zelinka, Mark D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Atmosphere
Meteorology
Climatic changes

description: This study quantifies the response of the clouds and the radiative budget of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) to the poleward shift in the tropospheric circulation induced by the development of the Antarctic ozone hole. Single forcing climate model integrations, in which only stratospheric ozone depletion is specified, indicate that (1) high-level and midlevel clouds closely follow the poleward shift in the SH midlatitude jet and that (2) low-level clouds decrease across most of the Southern Ocean. Similar cloud anomalies are found in satellite observations during periods when the jet is anomalously poleward. The hemispheric annual mean radiation response to the cloud anomalies is calculated to be approximately +0.25 W m−2, arising largely from the reduction of the total cloud fraction at SH midlatitudes during austral summer. While these dynamically induced cloud and radiation anomalies are considerable and are supported by observational evidence, quantitative uncertainties remain from model biases in mean-state cloud-radiative processes.
A Queer Home in the Midst of a Movement? Occupy Homes, Occupy Homemaking
Creators: name: Jaleel, Rana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Queer theory
subject: Domestic relations
subject: Housing
subject: Sex and law
subject: Social structure
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social sciences--Research

description: "...this essay considers how Occupy’s initial experiments in collective living in tandem with ongoing antiforeclosure and other housing actions, might repoliticize questions of who may have access to housing through a dedicated and intentional reconceptualization of what makes a home. I suggest that the day-to-day life of the encampments, through its insistence on an ethics of care for all who cared to dwell within it, began, although ultimately neglected, to create a queer politics of home that should nevertheless be nurtured within current post-encampment Occupy movement endeavors. To do so, I draw on radical left scholarship and praxis, typified by the work of Michael Hardt, Antonio Negri, and the Midnight Notes Collective, that promotes the concept of 'the commons' as a unifying tenet for a spectrum of contemporary social movements. Broadly writ, the notion of the commons revivifies a historical current that in Silvia Federici’s summation offers 'a logical and historical alternative to both State and Private Property, the State and the Market, enabling us to reject the fiction that they are mutually exclusive and exhaustive of our political possibilities.' I also follow Federici in thinking of 'the ‘commoning’ of the material means of reproduction [as] the primary mechanism by which a collective interest and mutual bonds are created'—a view that declines to parse the creation of the commons from the organizations of work, production, and social reproduction that give rise to it. Federici and allied scholars, in other words, understand the gendered work of social reproduction—from biological reproduction and childcare to subsistence farming and housekeeping—as subtending the social divisions of labor under capitalism; thus, efforts to reorganize reproductive labor must not be negated or derided, but rather 'revolutionized, […] revisited, and revalorized.' In this essay, however, I also rely on recent queer scholarship and activism on neoliberalism, belonging, and kinship—including the work of Lisa Duggan, David Eng, Elizabeth Freeman, and organizations like Queers for Economic Justice and FIERCE—to bring queer analyses and activism to bear on the rhetoric of 'families' and 'home' that surrounds most housing initiatives. Queer scholarship and activism position the private structures of home, the ties of kinship and family (homemaking), as necessarily enmeshed in and sustained by racialized global circuits of labor and exploitation—evidenced, for instance, by the Global North’s reliance on the Global South’s domestic and reproductive labor, in nannies and adopted babies."
Measuring the tensor to scalar ratio from CMB B-modes in presence of foregrounds
Creators: name: Betoule, Marc
name: Pierpaoli, E.
name: Delabrouille, J.
name: Jeune, M. Le
name: Cardoso, Jean-François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Abreg: We investigate the impact of polarized foreground emission on the performances of future CMB experiments in measuring the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. We design a component separation pipeline, based on the Smica method, aimed at estimating r and the foreground contamination from the data with no prior assumption on the frequency dependence or spatial distribution of the foregrounds. We derive error bars accounting for the uncertainty on foreground contribution. We use the current knowledge of galactic and extra-galactic foregrounds as implemented in the Planck Sky Model (PSM), to build simulations of the sky emission for various experimental setups. Our method, permits us to detect r = 0.1 at more than 3 sigma from B-modes only with Planck data, and r = 0.001 at 6 sigma for the most ambitious designs of the future EPIC probe. We find that all-sky experiments permit a proper measurement of the reionization bump despite the large scale foreground emission and are nearly insensitive to contamination from point sources and lensing if their statistical contribution can be modelled accurately. Investigating the observation of a small but clean part of the sky, we show that diffuse foregrounds remain a concern for a sensitive ground-based experiment with a limited frequency coverage when measuring r < 0.1, but are dealt with efficiently by a deep field space mission which is in return quite sensitive to lensing. Our results do not significantly depend on the overall level and frequency dependence of the diffused foreground model.
description: 18 p. submitted to A&A
Modeling Evidence that Ozone Depletion Has Impacted Extreme Precipitation in the Austral Summer
Creators: name: Kang, S. M.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Fyfe, J. C.
name: Son, S.-W.
name: Sigmond, M.
name: Correa, Gustavo P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Atmosphere
Meteorology
Climatic changes

description: The impacts of stratospheric ozone depletion on the extremes of daily precipitation in the austral summer are explored using two global climate models. Both models indicate that stratospheric ozone losses since the late 1970s may have increased the frequency and intensity of very heavy precipitation in austral summer over southern high and subtropical latitudes, and may have decreased the frequency and intensity over southern midlatitudes. This hemispheric wide pattern of extreme precipitation response projects strongly onto a previously identified pattern of seasonal mean precipitation response, both of which are shown to be likely of dynamic rather than thermodynamic origin.
Incêndios causados por baterias de íons de lítio na aviação: riscos, desafios e medidas de mitigação
Creators: name: Froner, Carlos Eduardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: aviation
lithium-ion batteries
in-flight fire
thermal runaway
risk mitigation

description: Esta é a versão atualizada do estudo técnico originalmente publicado em português. O documento passou por aprimoramentos de conteúdo, incluindo a integração de uma nova seção técnica que reforça a estrutura e a clareza do material.

 

Nota do autor: Um artigo científico completo está atualmente em desenvolvimento, tendo este estudo como base e com foco específico no risco de incêndios por baterias na aviação, bem como na criação de um modelo estruturado de mapeamento de risco com base em dados oficiais. O objetivo é contribuir com a comunidade global de segurança na aviação ao abordar uma lacuna técnica e regulatória ainda pouco explorada.
Their Fight Is Our Fight: Occupy Wall Street, the Arab Spring, and New Modes of Solidarity Today
Creators: name: Alessandrini, Anthony C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Arab Spring (2010-)
Solidarity--Political aspects

description: From its inception in September 2011, the Occupy Wall Street movement has been linked to the revolutions and popular uprisings throughout North Africa and the Middle East that have gone under the name of the Arab Spring. This connection is reflected in the official OWS website, which declares: 'We are using the revolutionary Arab Spring tactic to achieve our ends and encourage the use of nonviolence to maximize the safety of all participants.' While the rich and complex set of popular struggles across North African and the Middle East cannot be reduced to a single 'tactic,' this acknowledgement of the Arab Spring as an inspiration for the Occupy movement represents my point of departure for considering OWS within current conversations about global solidarity. More specifically, the claims and practices of Occupy highlight an important distinction between the movement’s self-understanding of being inspired by the Arab Spring versus the even more important question of how a U.S.-based movement can stand in solidarity with popular movements throughout North Africa and the Middle East, as well as the less publicized popular movements throughout Sub-Saharan Africa.
Sharing Reproducible Python Environments with Binder
Creators: name: Gibson, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: 30 minute talk on Project Binder and mybinder.org at the EuroPython 2020 conference. Abstract (long) As reproducibility gains traction in the data science and research communities, the need to package code, data and the computational environment is growing. There are many tools that address different aspects of this type of packaging, such as Jupyter Notebooks for literate programming, Docker for containerising and porting computational environments, and so on. But they represent barriers to reproducibility as each one requires time and effort to learn. Project Binder integrates Notebooks and Docker for generating reproducible computational analyses and combines them with a web-based interface and cloud orchestration engines. This means that analysts do not have to worry about all the moving parts so long as they have followed basic software best practices: their code is version controlled and they've captured the dependencies the analysis needs to run. Binder then hosts the compute in the cloud and makes it easily shareable by providing a unique URL to the code repository, without imposing additional overheads on the analyst. During this talk, Sarah will introduce Binder (the service), BinderHub (the technological infrastructure) and mybinder.org (a public instance of a Binder service, free for anyone to use) and demonstrate how it can be used to share Python environments and analyses. Abstract (short) Packaging code, data and computational environments to provide reproducible analyses requires extra time and effort to learn the required tools. Project Binder provides open-source tooling for executing reproducible analyses in the cloud, and enabling them to be shared via a single, unique URL. In this talk, Sarah will introduce Binder, BinderHub and mybinder.org and demonstrate how it can be used to share Python environments and analyses. Prerequisites for attending the session Familiarity with version control, what a Jupyter Notebook is and an interest in reproducibility. Python Skill Level Beginner Domain Expertise Beginner Tags Best Practice Data Science Jupyter Open-Source Public Cloud (AWS/Google/...)
Long-term variations in Iceland–Scotland overflow strength during the Holocene
Creators: name: Thornalley, D. J. R.
name: Blaschek, M.
name: Davies, F. J.
name: Praetorius, S.
name: Oppo, D. W.
name: McManus, Jerry F.
name: Hall, I. R.
name: Kleiven, H.
name: Renssen, H.
name: McCave, I. N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The overflow of deep water from the Nordic seas into the North Atlantic plays a critical role in global ocean circulation and climate. Approximately half of this overflow occurs via the Iceland–Scotland (I–S) overflow, yet the history of its strength throughout the Holocene (~ 0–11 700 yr ago, ka) is poorly constrained, with previous studies presenting apparently contradictory evidence regarding its long-term variability. Here, we provide a comprehensive reconstruction of I–S overflow strength throughout the Holocene using sediment grain size data from a depth transect of 13 cores from the Iceland Basin. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the main axis of the I–S overflow on the Iceland slope was shallower during the early Holocene, deepening to its present depth by ~ 7 ka. Our results also reveal weaker I–S overflow during the early and late Holocene, with maximum overflow strength occurring at ~ 7 ka, the time of a regional climate thermal maximum. Climate model simulations suggest a shoaling of deep convection in the Nordic seas during the early and late Holocene, consistent with our evidence for weaker I–S overflow during these intervals. Whereas the reduction in I–S overflow strength during the early Holocene likely resulted from melting remnant glacial ice sheets, the decline throughout the last 7000 yr was caused by an orbitally induced increase in the amount of Arctic sea ice entering the Nordic seas. Although the flux of Arctic sea ice to the Nordic seas is expected to decrease throughout the next century, model simulations predict that under high emissions scenarios, competing effects, such as warmer sea surface temperatures in the Nordic seas, will result in reduced deep convection, likely driving a weaker I–S overflow.
Lifetime Dependent Flux into the Lowermost Stratosphere for Idealized Trace Gases of Surface Origin
Creators: name: Holzer, Mark
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Atmosphere
Atmosphere, Upper
Atmospheric chemistry

description: The flux of idealized trace gases across the thermal tropopause is quantified as a function of their chemical lifetime using the Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry (MATCH) driven by National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalyses. The flux is computed in the limit of instant stratospheric chemical loss, and tropospheric chemistry is idealized as decay with a constant lifetime, τc. Emissions are idealized as time independent, with either a generic anthropogenic pattern or a uniform ocean source. We find that the globally averaged flux into the stratosphere normalized by surface emissions is ∼1% for τc= 8 days and ∼30% for τc ∼ 140 days, slowly approaching the long-lived limit of balance between stratospheric sinks and surface sources. The qualitative τc dependence of the globally averaged flux is captured by a simple one-dimensional model. The flux patterns computed with MATCH for the NCEP reanalyses are insensitive to τc and reveal preferred pathways into the stratosphere: The divergent circulation feeding isentropic cross-tropopause transport, storm tracks in the winter hemisphere, and isentropic transport to high latitudes.
Drainage through Subglacial Water Sheets
Creators: name: Creyts, Timothy T.
name: Schoof, Christian G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Hydrology

description: Subglacial drainage plays an important role in controlling coupling between glacial ice and underlying bed. Here, we study the flow of water in thin, macroporous sheets between ice and bed. Previous work shows that small perturbations in depth of a nearly parallel-sided water film grow unstably because these areas have enhanced viscous dissipation that leads to enhanced melting of an ice roof. We argue that in the presence of bed protrusions bridging a water sheet, downward motion of the ice roof can stabilize this sheet. Stability results when the rate of roof closure increases faster with water depth than the rate of viscous dissipation. We therefore modify existing theory to include protrusions that partially support the overlying glacier. Differences in the pressure on protrusions relative to water pressure drive roof closure. The mechanisms of both regelation and creep normal to the bed close the overlying ice roof and decrease the icebed gap. In order to account for multiple protrusion sizes along the bed (for instance, resulting from an assortment of various-sized sediment grains), we incorporate a method of partitioning overburden pressure among different protrusion size classes and the water sheet. Partitioning is dependent on the amount of ice protrusion contact and, therefore, water depth. This method allows prediction of roof closure rates. We then investigate stable, steady sheet configurations for reasonable parameter choices and find that these steady states can occur for modest water depths at very low effective pressures, as is appropriate for ice streams. Moreover, we find that multiple steady sheet thicknesses exist, raising the possibility of switches between low and high hydraulic conductivity regimes for the subglacial water system.
Development of homology model, docking protocol and Machine-Learning based scoring functions for identification of Equus caballus’s butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors
Creators: name: Ganeshpurkar, Ankit
name: Singh, Ravi
name: Kumar, Devendra
name: Gutti, Gopichand
name: Sardana, Divya
name: Shivhare, Shalini
name: Singh, Ravi Bhushan
name: Kumar, Ashok
name: Singh, Sushil Kumar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Machine learning (ML), an emerging field in drug design, has the potential to predict in silico toxicity, shape-based analysis of inhibitors, scoring function (SF) etc. In the present study, a homology model, docking protocol, and a dedicated SF have been developed to identify the inhibitors of horse butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme. Horse BChE enzyme has homology with human BChE and is a substitute for the screening of in vitro inhibitors. The developed homology model was validated and the active site residues were identified from Cavityplus to generate grid box for docking. The validation of docking involved comparison of interactions of ligands co-crystallised with human BChE and the docked poses of the corresponding ligands with horse BChE. A high degree of similarity in the interaction profiles of generated poses validated the docking protocol. Scoring of ligands was further validated by docking with known BChE inhibitors. The binding energies obtained from SF was correlated with IC50 values of inhibitors through classification and regression-based methods, which indicated poor predictivity of native SF. Therefore, protein-ligand binding energy, interaction profile, and ligand descriptors were used to develop and validate the classification and regression-based models. The validated extra tree binary classifier, random forest and extra tree regression-based models were compiled as a protein-ligand SF and were made available to the users through web application and python library. ML models exhibited improved area under the curve for ROC and good correlation between the predicted and observed IC50 values, than the Autodock SF. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Equatorial Superrotation on Tidally Locked Exoplanets
Creators: name: Showman, Adam P.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Planetary science
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The increasing richness of exoplanet observations has motivated a variety of three-dimensional (3D) atmospheric circulation models of these planets. Under strongly irradiated conditions, models of tidally locked, short-period planets (both hot Jupiters and terrestrial planets) tend to exhibit a circulation dominated by a fast eastward, or "superrotating," jet stream at the equator. When the radiative and advection timescales are comparable, this phenomenon can cause the hottest regions to be displaced eastward from the substellar point by tens of degrees longitude. Such an offset has been subsequently observed on HD 189733b, supporting the possibility of equatorial jets on short-period exoplanets. Despite its relevance, however, the dynamical mechanisms responsible for generating the equatorial superrotation in such models have not been identified. Here, we show that the equatorial jet results from the interaction of the mean flow with standing Rossby waves induced by the day-night thermal forcing. The strong longitudinal variations in radiative heating—namely intense dayside heating and nightside cooling—trigger the formation of standing, planetary-scale equatorial Rossby and Kelvin waves. The Rossby waves develop phase tilts that pump eastward momentum from high latitudes to the equator, thereby inducing equatorial superrotation. We present an analytic theory demonstrating this mechanism and explore its properties in a hierarchy of one-layer (shallow-water) calculations and fully 3D models. The wave-mean-flow interaction produces an equatorial jet whose latitudinal width is comparable to that of the Rossby waves, namely the equatorial Rossby deformation radius modified by radiative and frictional effects. For conditions typical of synchronously rotating hot Jupiters, this length is comparable to a planetary radius, explaining the broad scale of the equatorial jet obtained in most hot-Jupiter models. Our theory illuminates the dependence of the equatorial jet speed on forcing amplitude, strength of friction, and other parameters, as well as the conditions under which jets can form at all.
Particle-in-cell simulation of a mildly relativistic collision of an electron-ion plasma carrying a quasi-parallel magnetic field: Electron acceleration and magnetic field amplification at supernova shocks
Creators: name: Dieckmann, M E
name: Murphy, G
name: Meli, A
name: Drury, L O C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasma processes close to SNR shocks result in the amplification of magnetic fields and in the acceleration of electrons, injecting them into the diffusive acceleration mechanism. The acceleration of electrons and the B field amplification by the collision of two plasma clouds, each consisting of electrons and ions, at a speed of 0.5c is investigated. A quasi-parallel guiding magnetic field, a cloud density ratio of 10 and a plasma temperature of 25 keV are considered. A quasi-planar shock forms at the front of the dense plasma cloud. It is mediated by a circularly left-hand polarized electromagnetic wave with an electric field component along the guiding magnetic field. Its propagation direction is close to that of the guiding field and orthogonal to the collision boundary. It has a low frequency and a wavelength that equals several times the ion inertial length, which would be indicative of a dispersive Alfven wave close to the ion cyclotron resonance frequency of the left-handed mode (ion whistler), provided that the frequency is appropriate. However, it moves with the super-alfvenic plasma collision speed, suggesting that it is an Alfven precursor or a nonlinear MHD wave such as a Short Large-Amplitude Magnetic Structure (SLAMS). The growth of the magnetic amplitude of this wave to values well in excess of those of the quasi-parallel guiding field and of the filamentation modes results in a quasi-perpendicular shock. We present evidence for the instability of this mode to a four wave interaction. The waves developing upstream of the dense cloud give rise to electron acceleration ahead of the collision boundary. Energy equipartition between the ions and the electrons is established at the shock and the electrons are accelerated to relativistic speeds.
description: 16 pages, 18 figures, Accepted for publication by Astron & Astrophys
The Islamic Republic of Iran Loves OWS
Creators: name: Nasrabadi, Manijeh
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Social structure
Social sciences--Research

description: "Prominent among the many democratic impulses unleashed by the Occupy Movement has been the desire to challenge dominant narratives of the world in which we live, narratives that not only justify the power of the 1%, but that systematically direct our attention away from structural inequality towards other loci of worry, hatred and fear. Constant speculation about Iran’s nuclear ambitions, or about the likelihood of war with Iran, functions precisely in this way, perpetuating imperial and Islamophobic notions of 'us' and 'them.' Replacing the Soviet enemy in the contemporary cultural and political lexicon, the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) is constituted as the antithesis of America, a repository of the most menacing traditional Orientalist tropes¾combined with the most terrifying modern nuclear threat. In order to counter such pervasive representations, Western journalists occasionally travel to Iran and compile evidence of friendly Iranians who look to the US as a model to emulate or as a force that might intervene on their behalf."
Intraseasonal Kelvin Wave in Makassar Strait
Creators: name: Pujiana, Kandaga
name: Gordon, Arnold L.
name: Sprintall, Janet
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Time series observations during 2004-2006 reveal the presence of 60-90 days intraseasonal events that impact the transport and mixing environment within Makassar Strait. The observed velocity and temperature fluctuations within the pycnocline reveal the presence of Kelvin waves including vertical energy propagation, energy equipartition, and nondispersive relationship. Two current meters at 750 and 1500 m provide further evidence that the vertical structure of the downwelling Kelvin wave resembles that of the second baroclinic wave mode. The Kelvin waves derive their energy from the equatorial Indian Ocean winds, including those associated with the Madden-Julian oscillations, and propagate from Lombok Strait to Makassar Strait along the 100-m isobath. The northward propagating Kelvin waves within the pycnocline reduce the southward Makassar Strait throughflow by up to 2 Sv and induce a marked increase of vertical diffusivity.
Policing Political Protest: Paradoxes of the Age of Austerity
Creators: name: Schrader, Stuart
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social structure
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social sciences--Research

description: "In this article, I assess the reactions of various police officials to the Occupy movement and to the underlying conditions of state fiscal austerity that themselves motivated a large proportion of Occupy protesters. I also analyze the framework several commentators used to discuss the relationship of the police to the '1%' and thus to the movement; I characterize this relationship as “instrumentalist” to indicate that the police were seen to be working at the behest of the ultra-rich. More explicitly, the framework assumes that the capitalist class, perceiving the first large-scale radical and anticapitalist movement in some time as a threat to their rule, deployed the vehicle of state power to crush the movement. In contrast, I argue that the period of increasing austerity makes plausible the instrumentalist conception of the relationship of capitalist class power and police power, particularly in the context of political protest. I suggest that the appearance of instrumentalism is better understood as an effect of the structure of state power in the present moment of austerity, which offers some hope for Occupy’s vision. Yet because it is nonetheless true that the state did crush the movement, I use this foundation to pose provocations—these emerge from questions I think are not asked by the movement’s own understanding of the conjuncture—about what the movement revealed about the emergent political and economic situation and the post-Occupy future."
Understanding Hadley Cell Expansion versus Contraction: Insights from Simplified Models and Implications for Recent Observations
Creators: name: Tandon, Neil F.
name: Gerber, Edwin P.
name: Sobel, Adam H.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Climatic changes

description: This study seeks a deeper understanding of the causes of Hadley Cell (HC) expansion, as projected under global warming, and HC contraction, as observed under El Niño. Using an idealized general circulation model, the authors show that a thermal forcing applied to a narrow region around the equator produces “El Niño–like” HC contraction, while a forcing with wider meridional extent produces “global warming–like” HC expansion. These circulation responses are sensitive primarily to the thermal forcing’s meridional structure and are less sensitive to its vertical structure. If the thermal forcing is confined to the midlatitudes, the amount of HC expansion is more than three times that of a forcing of comparable amplitude that is spread over the tropics. This finding may be relevant to recently observed trends of rapid tropical widening. The shift of the HC edge is explained using a very simple model in which the transformed Eulerian mean (TEM) circulation acts to diffuse heat meridionally. In this context, the HC edge is defined as the downward maximum of residual vertical velocity in the upper troposphere ϖmax *; this corresponds well with the conventional Eulerian definition of the HC edge. In response to a positive thermal forcing, there is anomalous diabatic cooling, and hence anomalous TEM descent, on the poleward flank of the thermal forcing. This causes the HC edge (ϖmax *) to shift toward the descending anomaly, so that a narrow forcing causes HC contraction and a wide forcing causes HC expansion.
Athenian proxenies of the fifth century B.C.
Creators: name: Walbank, Michael Burke
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: There is no exact parallel for the ancient office of the proxeny: the closest analogy is found in the modern consulate. Proxenoi were citizens of one state appointed by a second state to serve its interests in their home-state; in return for these services they received various honours and privileges. These were enumerated in the decrees appointing the proxenoi, or in subsequent decrees passed after a period of service. At Athens it appears that the inscription of such decrees, usually at public expense, upon marble stelai that were then set up on the Akropolis, was itself a privilege not granted to every proxenos. There is some evidence that, in the fifth century at least, these stelai were erected near the Erechtheion. One hundred and fourteen fragments have survived from the fifth century; this study contains critical editions of the sixty-nine proxeny-decrees that they comprise, including the first publication of four fragments, together with a survey of the privileges therein enumerated. Since it is seldom possible to date these documents upon other criteria, an analysis of the changes that occurred in Attic letter-shapes during the fifth century forms a major part of the study. Also included are photographs of all but five of the fragments studied, many of which have never before been photographed.
Evolution of Subglacial Overdeepenings in Response to Sediment Redistribution and Glaciohydraulic Supercooling
Creators: name: Creyts, Timothy T.
name: Clarke, Garry K. C.
name: Church, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Hydrology
Physical geography

description: Glaciers erode bedrock rapidly, but evacuation of sediments requires efficient subglacial drainage networks. If glaciers erode more rapidly than evacuation proceeds, a protective subglacial till layer can form to armor the bed. Where glaciers cross overdeepenings, local closed depressions, the bed slope opposes the ice surface and lowers the hydraulic potential gradient that drives water flow. Here, we present results of a dynamic, distributed model of coupled basal water flow and sediment transport to show how overdeepenings evolve over the course of a melt season. We use steady-state calculations as well as numerical simulations to understand how alluvial bed erosion alters overdeepenings. Numerical results from a modified form of the Spring-Hutter equations show behaviors that cannot be inferred from either local or steady-state calculations. In general, opposition of surface and bed slopes lessens sediment transport regardless of ice accretion from glaciohydraulic supercooling. Drainage efficiency strongly affects erosion and deposition rates. Results show characteristic behaviors of flow through overdeepenings such as overpressured water systems and accretion rates compatible with field measurements. Simulations that start with overdeepened glacier configurations progress out of a freezing regime where glaciohydraulic supercooling occurs. This progression indicates that glacier hydrology is more strongly affected by erosion and deposition than by freezing from glaciohydraulic supercooling. We discuss how this outcome affects glacier erosion and sediment transport under modern and past ice sheets.
The bound state problem of S-wave heavy quark meson-aitimeson systems
Creators: name: Liu, Yan-Rui
name: Zhang, Zong-Ye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated systematically whether the S-wave ($\bar{Q}q$) meson and the ($Q\bar{q}$) meson may form S-wave bound states in a chiral SU(3) quark model by solving the resonating group method equation. Here $Q=c$ or $b$ and $q=u$, $d$ or $s$. Our preliminary calculation disfavors the existence of $I=\frac12$ ($\bar{Q}l$)-($Q\bar{s}$) molecules ($l=u,d$) while favors the existence of isoscalar $B\bar{B}$, $B^*\bar{B}^*$ (J=2) and $B\bar{B}^*$ (C=+) molecules. The existence of isovector (charm-anticharm) and (charm-bottom) molecules is also disfavored. Therefore the resonance-like structure $Z^+(4051)$ is unlikely to be an S-wave $D^*\bar{D}^*$ molecule.
description: 8 pages, 7 tables, accepted by Phys. Rev. C
Intensification of North American Megadroughts through Surface and Dust Aerosol Forcing
Creators: name: Cook, Benjamin I.
name: Seager, Richard
name: Miller, Ronald L.
name: Mason, Joseph A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Continents
Geodynamics
Paleoclimatology

description: Tree-ring-based reconstructions of the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) indicate that, during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), the central plains of North America experienced recurrent periods of drought spanning decades or longer. These megadroughts had exceptional persistence compared to more recent events, but the causes remain uncertain. The authors conducted a suite of general circulation model experiments to test the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) and land surface forcing on the MCA megadroughts over the central plains. The land surface forcing is represented as a set of dune mobilization boundary conditions, derived from available geomorphological evidence and modeled as increased bare soil area and a dust aerosol source (328-448N, 1058-958W). In the experiments, cold tropical Pacific SST forcing suppresses precipitation over the central plains but cannot reproduce the overall drying or persistence seen in the PDSI reconstruction. Droughts in the scenario with dust aerosols, however, are amplified and have significantly longer persistence than in other model experiments, more closely matching the reconstructed PDSI. This additional drying occurs because the dust increases the shortwave planetary albedo, reducing energy inputs to the surface and boundary layer. The energy deficit increases atmospheric stability, inhibiting convection and reducing cloud cover and precipitation over the central plains. Results from this study provide the first model-based evidence that dust aerosol forcing and land surface changes could have contributed to the intensity and persistence of the central plains megadroughts, although uncertainties remain in the formulation of the boundary conditions and the future importance of these feedbacks.
Inclusive Design for Regaining Lost Identity: Accessible, Aesthetic and Effortless Clothing
Creators: name: Tandon, Sukriti
Publisher: name: Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Year: 2019
Subjects: Ethics
Fashion design
Disabilities

description: Inclusive Design for Regaining Lost Identity is a research project that aims to design and develop accessible clothing that is inclusive and fashionable to foster psycho-social well-being and to enhance the self-esteem of women with disabilities. The research explored inclusive design solutions for the saree – a traditional Indian garment for women, through a practice-led iterative methodology of designing and producing pragmatic and aesthetic sarees with enhanced ease of dressing and undressing. These sarees are intended to offer the participants a sense of independence and individuality whilst responding to their needs for self-expression. Clothing for persons with disabilities frequently follows a medical model which focuses on their inabilities. Such experiences tend to aggravate feelings of inadequacy and lower self-esteem due to the limited choices of pertinent fashionable clothing. Ethnographic research was conducted with women in the age range of twenty to forty years with mild to moderate physical disabilities, including those with cerebral palsy, reduced dexterity and limb amputations. Investigations into apparel-related barriers they face and their expectations and desires about clothing pointed to a huge void in terms of designed inclusive clothing for women with physical disabilities. Self-efficacy emerged as a significant criteria for the selection of garments. A series of informed study prototypes of adaptive sarees were designed and developed along with an exploration into the feasibility of 3D printed fasteners intended to alleviate potential feelings of frustration and deprivation while wearing saree is an elaborate garment that requires precise draping, which makes the saree complicated to wear and inconvenient to carry, particularly for women with physical disabilities. For many women in India, the saree remains the customary dress, especially for work and occasions, yet minimal progress and advancement has been made to enhance its accessibility and ease of use. This research aspires to provide inclusive design solutions that seamlessly embrace persons with disabilities, to elevate their agency and to challenge and change prevailing negative attitudes, misconceptions, and stereotypes in relation to their specific needs and desires.
description: Applied design
description: Co-creation
description: Design ethics
description: Inclusive clothing
description: Participatory design
Aspects of love in Seneca's Phaedra
Creators: name: Harrison, UL
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Chapter One focuses on Phaedra's erotic behaviour in relation to Hippolytus. Phaedra utilises erotic behaviours common to the elegiac male, such as the seruitium amoris, and the use of pseudo-military terminology, in the pursuit of the beloved. Phaedra structures her pursuit of Hippolytus on the elegiac model and characterises his behaviour as relating to the elegiac mistress. Chapter Two examines the role of heredity in Phaedra's passion, with particular emphasis placed on gendered forms of love. Phaedra's behaviour is modelled on her male ancestors, Jupiter and Apollo, rather than on the actions of her mother. The consequences of gender dislocation in the arena of love are explored through a comparison between Phaedra and Hercules. Chapter Three explores Hippolytus' position as an acolyte of Diana, and how it may explain his response to Phaedra's declaration of love. Comparisons are made with myths from the Metamorphoses to highlight similarities between Hippolytus and other acolytes of Diana, and also to evaluate Hippolytus' response in a gender context. Chapter Four concentrates on the role of heredity in explaining Hippolytus' anomalous behaviour, and also the responses of others toward him. Links are made between Hippolytus and the bull from the sea to emphasise the ambiguous nature of Hippolyltus.
Kemitraan daerah solusi kesenjangan digital dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan
Creators: name: Maaruf, Mohamad Agus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: 130313 Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 160506 Education Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Artikel ini dimuat dalam majalah Ponuwa -LPMP Gorontalo, Kemitraan daerah solusi kesenjangan digital dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikanKondisi kesenjangan digital indonesia, menurut lembaga dunia ITU, hanya 32, 29% penduduk indonesia yang menikmati internet, dan ini berada dibawah rata-rata regional yaitu 52%https://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2017/index.html
kementerian pendidikan melaksanakan piloting program Kemitraan Daerah sebagai solusi kesenjangan digital yang salah satunya dilaksanakan di gorontalo.
Point and Counterpoint: The Purpose of Institutional Repositories: Green OA or Beyond?
Creators: name: Kennison, Rebecca R.
name: Shreeves, Sarah L.
name: Harnad, Stevan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Library science
Information science

description: In this "debate-style" article, Rebecca Kennison and Sarah Shreeves argue in their piece, "Institutional Repositories -— So Much More than Green OA," that a repository collection development strategy open to research output of all kinds then positions the IR to be able to fulfill whatever mandates for deposit may occur. Stevan Harnad responds, in "Ordering Institutional Repository Priorities vs. Breaking Through Open Doors," that the priority of any IR manager should be pushing for the adoption of immediate-deposit mandates and then ensuring compliance to those mandates.