Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) rufescens Friese
Creators: name: Eardley, Connal
name: Griswold, Terry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Pachyanthidium
Pachyanthidium rufescens

description: Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) rufescens (Friese)
(Figs 30–31)
Anthidium cordatum var. rufescens Friese, 1915: 294, male lectotype and female paralectotype (here designated) (ZMHB) Ethiopia.
Pachyanthidium cordatum rufescens (Friese): Mavromoustakis 1963: 491. Pachyanthidium (Pachyanthidium) rufescens (Friese): Pasteels 1984: 145.
Diagnosis. The naked eye, absent arolia and dorsum of metasoma black centrally and yellow laterally distinguishes P. rufescens from all Pachyanthidium except the cordatum species-group (Fig. 30). From these, the female can be distinguished by the mandibles with seven or eight rounded, peg-like teeth of similar size and shape. Males can be distinguished by the combination of posterolateral angle of scutum thickened, appearing triangular in lateral view, midventral depression of mesepisternum shallow, T7 with median spine longer than the narrow lateral spines, truncate and a little narrower than the concavity between the median and lateral spines, and tergal maculations ivory.
Description. FEMALE. Lengths: head 2.8–3.0 mm; scutum 1.8–1.9 mm; forewing 5.8–5.9 mm; body 6.3–6.5 mm. Head and mesosoma black with yellow maculation on entire clypeus, lower paraocular area, outer margin of upper paraocular area, ventromedian supraclypeus, mediolongitudinal supra-antennal area, vertex (anterior to preoccipital lamella), anterior gena, basal mandible, distal pronotal lobe, lateral margin of scutum, mesepisternum posterior to omaulus, lateral axilla, posterior scutellum (anterior to posterior lamella sometimes medially interrupted with black); legs yellow on posterior surfaces of femora and outer surfaces of tibiae and tarsi, otherwise they are yellowish-orange; metasoma mostly yellow laterally, orange posterolaterally and black mesally, T3–T5 orangish-black mesally and T6 yellow. Structure (Fig. 30). Preoccipital ridge weakly lamellate; eye naked; clypeus ventral edge straight, crenulate; mandible about 7–8 similar, rounded, peg-like teeth; pronotal lobe strongly lamellate; omaulus lamellate; forebasitarsus short and broad, length 0.5x foretibia length, 3.3x width; arolia absent; T1–T5 without lateral spines; T6 rounded laterally, slightly lobate, without spine, extended posteriorly, distinctly cleft posteromedially.
MALE. Lengths: head 2.8–3.2 mm; scutum 1.8–2.0 mm; forewing 6.3–6.8 mm; body 6.8–7.7 mm. Similar to female except basal segments of legs blackish, T4–T5 orangish-black mesally and T6–T7 yellow. Structure (Fig. 30). Preoccipital ridge weakly lamellate; eye naked; clypeus ventral edge straight, mediolateral tubercle; antennal flagellum 1.0x eye length; 3.3x scape length; mandible 6–7 dissimilar teeth; omaulus lamellate; forebasitarsus sparely pubescent, moderately long posterior fringe; forebasitarsus length 0.6x foretibia length, 0.5x its width, not distinctly extended anterodistally; hind basitarsus wide, length 3x width; arolia absent; T1–T4 without lateral spines or swelling; T5 slight posterolateral swelling; T6 one plane, extended posteromedially, ventrolateral spine, posterolateral and posteromedian tubercles; T7 narrow posterolateral spine (narrower than length), truncate median spine, concavity between median and lateral spines 1. 5x width median spine; terminalia as in P. cordatum (cf. Fig. 16).
Distribution. This species was described from Ethiopia, and is also known from Zambia and Zimbabwe (Fig. 31).
Material examined. Type material. Male lectotype Anthidium cordatum var. rufescens: ‘NO.–Africa Abessinien Harrar 11 Kristenses, Anthidium cordatum v. rufescens Fr. ♂ 1914 Friese det, Type, Typus, Pachyanthidium rufescens Fr. J. Pasteels det., 1963’, ZMHB. Female paralectotype Anthidium cordatum var.
rufescens: ‘ NO.–Africa Abessinien Harrar 11 Kristenses, Anthidium cordatum v. rufescens Fr. ♀ 1914 Friese det, Type, AlloTypus, Pachyanthidium rufescens Fr. J. Pasteels det., 1963’, ZMHB.
Additional material. Zambia. Upper Luangwa River, 1910. vii–27–viii.13. S. A. Neave (1♀ NHML); Mfuwe, 7 km SW, Luangwa River Wildlife Camp, 1998. iii.7–9, W. Pulawski (1♀ CAS); 20km SE Chipata, 10.xi.1982, T. & R. Griswold (1♂ BBSL). Zambia Upper Luangwa River, 27.vii.–13.viii.1910, S. A. Neave (1♀ NHML). Zimbabwe. Lonely Mine, 1914. i.28, H. Swale (1♀ NHML).
description: Published as part of Eardley, Connal & Griswold, Terry, 2017, Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical species of Pachyanthidium Friese (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Anthidiini), pp. 401-453 in Zootaxa 4237 (3) on pages 446-449, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/344704