cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Street art as a way to enhance the vitality of Uurban public spaces
Creators: name: Peng, Zhang
name: Wei, Dong
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Street art is a unique artistic behavior that takes place in the urban public space. Its uniqueness is not only manifested in the form of immediacy, participation, and mobility, but also has a great value to enhance space dynamism, increase human interaction, and shaping the spirit of place. In most Chinese cities, street art is often equated with "fraud", which not only hampers the development of street art, but also hinders the promotion of vitality of public space, for a livable and lively city, the public space should not be merely a purely physical space, but should be the sum of the spirit of the place and the vitality of the space. The research question of this paper is: how to reduce the external negative effects of street art and actively shape and regenerate the vitality of urban public space? Research based on literature review and the summary, first of all, review and define the concept of "street art", and carries on the classification, it is believed that street art can change from "urban problem" to "urban landscape", then, the relationship between "street art" and "urban public space vitality" is discussed, performance analysis found a busker behavior can not only enhance the vitality of the public space (one-way intervention), also can attract audience participation, through the interaction with the audience to arouse public space activity (two-way intervention). And then from the perspectives of government, NGO and ordinary citizens, multi-dimensional detailed analysis the art management experience on the streets of Taipei, found that through the government management, system design, the multi-agent organization and the public participation to cultivate a variety of means such as, the urban public space of street art promotion activity provides effective guarantee system and management, and reduce the street art of the outer space of the city has negative effects. Based on this, the paper puts forward the spatial layout pattern of “centralized and decentralized complementarity”, the behavioral restraint mechanism of “rigidity and elasticity”, and the multi-agent intervention management of “organization and self-organization”,“Planning for Positive Public Opinion and Strict Enforcement of Law Enforcement” and other planning strategies. This paper argues that, by using the experience of management of Taipei street artists, from space, organization, policy formulation, implementation and operation aspects improve mainland China the level of city governance, with a view to providing references for the regeneration and shaping of the vitality of urban public space in China, and to provide a useful reference for the management of street artists.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
The Computation of Key Properties of Markov Chains via Perturbations
Creators: name: Hunter, Jeffrey J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A09, 15B51, 60J10

description: Computational procedures for the stationary probability distribution, the group inverse of the Markovian kernel and the mean first passage times of an irreducible Markov chain, are developed using perturbations. The derivation of these expressions involves the solution of systems of linear equations and, structurally, inevitably the inverses of matrices. By using a perturbation technique, starting from a simple base where no such derivations are formally required, we update a sequence of matrices, formed by linking the solution procedures via generalized matrix inverses and utilising matrix and vector multiplications. Six different algorithms are given, some modifications are discussed, and numerical comparisons made using a test example. The derivations are based upon the ideas outlined in Hunter, J.J., The computation of stationary distributions of Markov chains through perturbations, Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis, 4, 29-46, (1991).
description: 23 pages
A homogenized bending theory for prestrained plates
Creators: name: Böhnlein, Klaus
name: Neukamm, Stefan
name: Padilla-Garza, David
name: Sander, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 74B20 35B27 74Q05

description: The presence of prestrain can have a tremendous effect on the mechanical behavior of slender structures. Prestrained elastic plates show spontaneous bending in equilibrium -- a property that makes such objects relevant for the fabrication of active and functional materials. In this paper we study microheterogeneous, prestrained plates that feature nonflat equilibrium shapes. Our goal is to understand the relation between the properties of the prestrained microstructure and the global shape of the plate in mechanical equilibrium. To this end, we consider a three-dimensional, nonlinear elasticity model that describes a periodic material that occupies a domain with small thickness. We consider a spatially periodic prestrain described in the form of a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. By simultaneous homogenization and dimension reduction, we rigorously derive an effective plate model as a Γ-limit for vanishing thickness and period. That limit has the form of a nonlinear bending energy with an emergent spontaneous curvature term. The homogenized properties of the bending model (bending stiffness and spontaneous curvature) are characterized by corrector problems. For a model composite -- a prestrained laminate composed of isotropic materials -- we investigate the dependence of the homogenized properties on the parameters of the model composite. Secondly, we investigate the relation between the parameters of the model composite and the set of shapes with minimal bending energy. Our study reveals a rather complex dependence of these shapes on the composite parameters.
description: 79 pages, 21 figures
Theoretical and observational constraints of viable f(R) theories of gravity
Creators: name: de la Cruz-Dombriz, Alvaro
name: Dunsby, Peter K. S.
name: Kandhai, Sulona
name: Saez-Gomez, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modified gravity has attracted much attention over the last few years and remains a potential candidate for dark energy. In particular, the so-called viable f(R) gravity theories, which are able to both recover General Relativity (GR) and produce late-time cosmic acceleration, have been widely studied in recent literature. Nevertheless, extended theories of gravity suffer from several shortcomings which compromise their ability to provide realistic alternatives to the standard cosmological Lambda CDM Concordance model. We address the existence of cosmological singularities and the conditions that guarantee late-time acceleration,assuming reasonable energy conditions for standard matter in the so-called Hu-Sawicki f(R) model, currently among the most widely studied modifications to General Relativity. Then using the Supernovae Ia Union 2.1 catalogue, we further constrain the free parameters of this model. The combined analysis of both theoretical and observational constraints sheds some light on the viable parameter space of these models and the form of the underlying effective theory of gravity.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, two-column format
Study on Kaishochi changes before and after the war-damage-recovery land readjustment programs of Nagoya City, Japanese Castle Town
Creators: name: Matsuura, Kenjiro
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: In this paper, focusing on open temple-type kaishochi (open areas ensconced in the design of urban blocks) located in the district of Nagoya City in Japan’s Aichi Prefecture, we will review the effects of the war-damage-recovery land readjustment programs, through which the city has experienced a number of major transformation. Specifically, we will elucidate the actual state of such kaishochi before and after the project by examining residual trends of temple-type structures by using maps produced before and after the project implementation. Targeting 66 Edo-period kaishochi blocks in the Nagoya Castle district, we first analyzed the differences between the land usage decrease rate for the whole district and that for the targeted kaishochis. Next, we analyzed transformations of usage and form using the maps produced before and after the project implementation. As a result of our analysis, the following three points were clarified. First, even though the number of temple-type kaishochis is decreasing, there has been little change in the area they occupy. Second, there has been little change in kaishochi usage before and after the project implementation. Third, looking at the kaishochi forms, we can find changes from Flagpole type (large inner area with narrow outside access), no-contact type (large inner area with no public access to outside roads), and integrated type (large access to outside road).
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Regular hairy black holes through Minkowski deformation
Creators: name: Ovalle, Jorge
name: Casadio, Roberto
name: Giusti, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C15, 83C57, 83C75

description: Static and stationary regular black holes are examined under a minimal set of requirements consisting of (i) the existence of a well defined event horizon and (ii) the weak energy condition for matter sourcing the geometry. We perform our analysis by means of the gravitational decoupling approach and find hairy solutions free of curvature singularities. We identify the matter source producing a deformation of the Minkowski vacuum such that the maximum deformation is the Schwarzschild solution for the static case, and the Kerr metric for the stationary case.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, final version to appear in Phys.Lett.B
An Estimator for Lensing Potential from Galaxy Number Counts
Creators: name: Nistane, Viraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an estimator for the lensing potential from galaxy number counts which contains a linear and a quadratic term. We show that this estimator has a much larger signal-to-noise ratio than the corresponding estimator from intensity mapping. This is due to the additional lensing term in the number count angular power spectrum which is present already at linear order. We estimate the signal-to-noise ratio for future photometric surveys. Particularly at high redshifts, $z\gtrsim 1.5$, the signal to noise ratio can become of order 30. Therefore, the number counts in photometric surveys would be an excellent means to measure tomographic lensing spectra.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, contribution to the 2022 Cosmology session of the 56th Rencontres de Moriond
RR Lyrae mode switching in globular cluster M 68 (NGC 4590)
Creators: name: Kains, N.
name: Bramich, D. M.
name: Ferro, A. Arellano
name: Jaimes, R. Figuera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build on our detailed analysis of time-series observations of the globular cluster M 68 to investigate the irregular pulsational behaviour of four of the RR Lyrae stars in this cluster. M 68 is one of only two globular clusters in which mode-switching of RR Lyrae stars has previously been reported, and we discuss one additional case, as well as a case of irregular behaviour, and we briefly revisit the two previously reported cases with a homogeneous analysis. We find that in 2013, V45 was pulsating in the first-overtone mode only, despite being previously reported as a double-mode (fundamental and first overtone) pulsator in 1994, and that the amplitude of the fundamental mode in V7 is increasing with time. We also suggest that V21 might not have switched pulsation modes as previously reported, although the first overtone seems to be becoming less dominant. Finally, our analysis of available archival data confirms that V33 lost a pulsation mode between 1950 and 1986.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in A&A
Examining Visual and Attentional Focus Influences on Golf Putting Performance Using a Dual-Task Paradigm
Creators: name: Forbes, Michael
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Visual Focus
Attentional Focus
Golf Putting
Performance
Dual-Task

description: Visually focusing on the hole versus the ball in golf has shown some positive effects on putting performance (Heath et al., 2008), yet the reason for these benefits have not been tested. Considering the benefits of adopting an external focus, the purpose here was to examine whether attentional focus mechanisms contribute to the positive effects reported by Heath et al. (2008). Thirty experienced golfers were assigned to either a visual-ball focus or visual-hole focus group. Following warm-up putts, 48 experimental putts, divided equally into 16 putts across three conditions: control, task-relevant, and task-irrelevant, were performed. In the control condition, participants putted under single-task conditions, maintaining their assigned visual focus. In the other two conditions, participants putted under dual-task conditions and were instructed to focus on their wrist angles upon hearing a tone (task-relevant), or to identify an irrelevant sound (task-irrelevant). A questionnaire, designed to represent equal proportions of the ‘distance’ effect (Wulf, 2013; i.e., internal, proximal external, or distal external focus), served as a manipulation check to determine the attentional focus adopted under each condition. Analysis of the manipulation check for the control condition data only showed a significant interaction of Group and Attentional Focus F(2,56) = 4.5, p = .01. Post-hoc showed that participants had a significantly higher proximal external focus in the visual-ball focus group compared to the visual-hole focus group, whereas the visual-hole focus group was significantly higher than the visual-ball focus group for distal external focus. Additionally, an analysis with all three putting conditions indicated that participants had significantly higher internal focus for task-relevant trials, as compared to task-irrelevant or control trials. There were no significant differences found for any of the putting performance measures., however, the main effect of Condition did approach significance for MRE F(2,56) = 2.8, p = .068. This replicates the general finding that putting performance is poorest when golfers self-report using a higher internal focus. In conclusion, these results suggest that visually focusing on the hole results in a more distal external attentional focus in a golf environment than that of a ball-focus, but this does not translate to performance benefits.
Dissect two-halo galactic conformity effect for central galaxies: The dependence of star formation activities on the large-scale environment
Creators: name: Wang, Kai
name: Peng, Yingjie
name: Chen, Yangyao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the two-halo galactic conformity effect for central galaxies, which is the spatial correlation of the star formation activities for central galaxies to several Mpcs, by studying the dependence of the star formation activities of central galaxies on their large-scale structure in our local Universe using the SDSS data. Here we adopt a novel environment metric using only central galaxies quantified by the distance to the $n$-th nearest central galaxy. This metric measures the environment within an aperture from $\sim$ 1 Mpc to $\gtrsim$ 10 Mpc, with a median value of $\sim$ 4 Mpc. We found that two kinds of conformity effects in our local Universe. The first one is that low-mass central galaxies are more quenched in high-density regions, and we found that this effect mainly comes from low-mass centrals that are close to a more massive halo. A similar trend is also found in the IllustrisTNG simulation, which can be entirely explained by backsplash galaxies. The second conformity effect is that massive central galaxies in low-density regions are more star-forming. This population of galaxies also possesses a higher fraction of spiral morphology and lower central stellar velocity dispersion, suggesting that their low quiescent fraction is due to less-frequent major merger events experienced in the low-density regions, and as a consequence, less-massive bulges and central black holes.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, MNRAS 523 1268
Estimating flower and area requirements for honey bees
Creators: name: MacKell, Sarah
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Behavior and Ethology
subject: Integrative Biology
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
subject: Biology
subject: Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
subject: Entomology

description: We estimated the flower and area requirements for a honey bee hive within temperate climates to gain a better understanding of potential hive density restrictions that could be put in place for the health of honey bees and wild bees.
Deuteron analyzing powers $A_y$, $A_{yy}$ and $A_{xx}$ in dp-elastic scattering at large transverse momenta
Creators: name: Ladygin, V. P.
name: Averyanov, A. V.
name: Chernykh, E. V.
name: Enache, D.
name: Gurchin, Yu. V.
name: Isupov, A. Yu.
name: Janek, M.
name: Karachuk, J. -T.
name: Khrenov, A. N.
name: Krivenkov, D. O.
name: Kurilkin, P. K.
name: Ladygina, N. B.
name: Livanov, A. N.
name: Mezhenska, O.
name: Piyadin, S. M.
name: Reznikov, S. G.
name: Skhomenko, Ya. T.
name: Terekhin, A. A.
name: Tishevsky, A. V.
name: Uesaka, T.
name: Volkov, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results on the the vector $A_y$, $A_{yy}$ and $A_{xx}$ analyzing powers in deuteron-proton elastic scattering at large scattering angles are presented. These data were obtained at internal target at JINR Nuclotron in the energy range 400-1800 MeV using polarized deuteron beam from new polarized ion source. New data on the deuteron analyzing powers in the wide energy range demonstrate the sensitivity to the short-range spin structure of the isoscalar nucleon-nucleon correlations.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, SPIN2021 Conference
Historical processes of urban form and land-use change at Shwedagon Pagoda’s surrounding area in Yangon, Myanmar
Creators: name: Hirano, Kuniomi
name: Yokohari, Makoto
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Shwedagon Pagoda is located at the centre of Yangon, Myanmar. It is one of the nation’s most respected religious monuments. The objective of this research was to identify the details of the historical processes of urban form and land-use change in the area surrounding the pagoda in relation to political regime transition. This research also focused on the evolving processes of the pagoda festival and its land use in the surrounding area; the festival is a typical occasion during which the relationship between the pagoda and the surrounding area is prominently visible. An interview survey, newspaper review survey, field survey, mapping work, and literature review were conducted to accomplish this research’s goals. The pagoda’s land property and the land use of the surrounding area have undergone significant changes. This research identified the historical processes through which temporary, multi-purpose open spaces in the area surrounding the pagoda have been divided, fixed for individual land uses, and segmentalized according to role during the pagoda festival. For example, this includes markets and stalls that have been altered for use as permanent shops and restaurants, entertainment and amusement facilities that were enclosed in parks, and smaller forms of lodging that have become hotels.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Natural, infinite, artistic : demythologizing athletic superability in contemporary American literature
Creators: name: Rabe, Michelle Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Disability
Superability
Sports literature
Cyborg
Freak
Metis
Baseball
Ideology of ability
Disability justice
Ableism

description: Natural, Infinite, Artistic centers a disability studies approach to demythologize contemporary American sports narratives about athletic superability and analyze how particular elite skills are falsely and strategically distanced from disability in line with what disability theorist Tobin Siebers calls the “ideology of ability.” The ideology of ability flattens the complex, contextual, and fluctuating nature of ability into a hierarchy that casts some bodies as superior and “superabled,” like those of elite, nondisabled athletes, in contrast to bodies rendered “disabled” by their conditions and settings. Natural, Infinite, Artistic identifies three myths of athletic superability—that it is natural, infinite, and artistic—and locates the myths in representative texts to analyze how each marginalizes and dehumanizes disability in support of this ideology. In examining the myths, each chapter considers the racialized, gendered, and ableist dimensions of which particular athletes’ abilities have been mythologized. In addition, each chapter identifies a concept—“freakery,” metis, and the cyborg—and shows that, while each concept could unite disability and superability to destabilize the ideology of ability, it is actually used to sever the two and celebrate superability. Demythologizing narratives that glorify superabled athletes upends the way ability is mythologized in particular bodies and undermines ideas about what makes ability (and whose ability) supposedly desirable and superior. While Natural, Infinite, Artistic centers narratives of athletic superability, it does so in service of what disability activist Mia Mingus calls “disability justice.” Disability justice work undermines the ideological system that privileges able-bodiedness and stigmatizes disability while respecting the differences between them. Natural, Infinite, Artistic works toward this conception of disability justice by complicating and combating sports narratives in which the ideology of ability is not only operative, but heightened, with depictions of superabled white, male athletes as unequivocally superlative. Narratives about superability are places where ideas of ability as normal, ideal, and impressive are generated and sustained against ideas of disability as something that is limiting, lamentable, and needing to be overcome. In order to destigmatize disability and upend the ideology of ability, Natural, Infinite, Artistic subverts the belief that possessing natural, infinite, and artistic superabilities is possible and preferable
Symmetry Resolved Entanglement of Excited States in Quantum Field Theory I: Free Theories, Twist Fields and Qubits
Creators: name: Capizzi, Luca
name: Castro-Alvaredo, Olalla A.
name: De Fazio, Cecilia
name: Mazzoni, Michele
name: Santamaría-Sanz, Lucía
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The excess entanglement resulting from exciting a finite number of quasiparticles above the ground state of a free integrable quantum field theory has been investigated quite extensively in the literature. It has been found that it takes a very simple form, depending only on the number of excitations and their statistics. There is now mounting evidence that such formulae also apply to interacting and even higher-dimensional quantum theories. In this paper we study the entanglement content of such zero-density excited states focusing on the symmetry resolved entanglement, that is on 1+1D quantum field theories that possess an internal symmetry. The ratio of charged moments between the excited and grounds states, from which the symmetry resolved entanglement entropy can be obtained, takes a very simple and universal form, which in addition to the number and statistics of the excitations, now depends also on the symmetry charge. Using form factor techniques, we obtain both the ratio of moments and the symmetry resolved entanglement entropies in complex free theories which possess $U(1)$ symmetry. The same formulae are found for simple qubit states.
description: 36 pages, 2 figures. Small improvements and added references in version 2
Extracting the $Λ$ Polarizing Fragmentation Function from Belle $e^+e^-$ Data Within the TMD Formalism
Creators: name: Zaccheddu, Marco
name: D'Alesio, Umberto
name: Gamberg, Leonard
name: Murgia, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data from the Belle Collaboration for associated production (with a light unpolarized hadron) and single-inclusive production of transversely polarized $Λ$-hyperons in $e^+e^-$ annihilation processes allowed to extract within a TMD approach, for the first time, the $Λ$ polarizing fragmentation function. Recent theoretical developments on the computation of cross sections for single-inclusive hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilation processes, within a Soft Collinear Effective Theory approach, combined with the CSS formalism for the double-hadron production case, can be used to perform a renewed analysis, adopting a full TMD factorization scheme. Preliminary results and a comparison between the two analyses are presented.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures (5 plots), presented by M. Zaccheddu at the 24th International Spin Symposium (SPIN2021), 18-22 October 2021, Matsue, Japan
Direct Exoplanet Detection with Binary Differential Imaging
Creators: name: Rodigas, Timothy J.
name: Weinberger, Alycia
name: Mamajek, Eric E.
name: Males, Jared R.
name: Close, Laird M.
name: Morzinski, Katie
name: Hinz, Philip M.
name: Kaib, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binaries are typically excluded from direct imaging exoplanet surveys. However, the recent findings of Kepler and radial velocity programs show that planets can and do form in binary systems. Here, we suggest that visual binaries offer unique advantages for direct imaging. We show that Binary Differential Imaging (BDI), whereby two stars are imaged simultaneously at the same wavelength within the isoplanatic patch at high Strehl ratio, offers improved point spread function (PSF) subtraction that can result in increased sensitivity to planets close to each star. We demonstrate this by observing a young visual binary separated by 4\asec ~with MagAO/Clio-2 at 3.9 \microns, where the Strehl ratio is high, the isoplanatic patch is large, and giant planets are bright. Comparing BDI to angular differential imaging (ADI), we find that BDI's 5$σ$ contrast is \about 0.5 mags better than ADI's within \about 1\asec ~for the particular binary we observed. Because planets typically reside close to their host stars, BDI is a promising technique for discovering exoplanets in stellar systems that are often ignored. BDI is also 2-4$\times$ more efficient than ADI and classical reference PSF subtraction, since planets can be detected around both the target and PSF reference simultaneously. We are currently exploiting this technique in a new MagAO survey for giant planets in 140 young nearby visual binaries. BDI on a space-based telescope would not be limited by isoplanatism effects and would therefore be an even more powerful tool for imaging and discovering planets.
description: Accepted to ApJ on Aug. 30, 2015. 9 pages (emulateapj), 4 figures. Full-resolution version available upon request
Black hole chemistry, the cosmological constant and the embedding tensor
Creators: name: Meessen, Patrick
name: Mitsios, Dimitrios
name: Ortín, Tomás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study black-hole thermodynamics in theories that contain dimensionful constants such as the cosmological constant or coupling constants in Wald's formalism. The most natural way to deal with these constants is to promote them to scalar fields introducing a (d-1)-form Lagrange multiplier that forces them to be constant on-shell. These (d-1)-form potentials provide a dual description of them and, in the context of superstring/supergravity theories, a higher-dimensional origin/explanation. In the context of gauged supergravity theories, all these constants can be collected in the embedding tensor. We show in an explicit 4-dimensional example that the embedding tensor can also be understood as a thermodynamical variable that occurs in the Smarr formula in a duality-invariant fashion. This establishes an interesting link between black-hole thermodynamics, gaugings and compactifications in the context of superstring/supergravity theories.
description: References added, 43 pages, no figures
Theory of edge-state optical absorption in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide flakes
Creators: name: Trushin, Maxim
name: Kelleher, Edmund J. R.
name: Hasan, Tawfique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an analytical model to describe sub-bandgap optical absorption in two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide (s-TMD) nanoflakes. The material system represents an array of few-layer molybdenum disulfide crystals, randomly orientated in a polymer matrix. We propose that optical absorption involves direct transitions between electronic edge-states and bulk-bands, depends strongly on the carrier population, and is saturable with sufficient fluence. For excitation energies above half the bandgap, the excess energy is absorbed by the edge-state electrons, elevating their effective temperature. Our analytical expressions for the linear and nonlinear absorption could prove useful tools in the design of practical photonic devices based on s-TMDs.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, typos fixed as published
Forecasting small scale dynamics of fluid turbulence using deep neural networks
Creators: name: Buaria, Dhawal
name: Sreenivasan, Katepalli R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turbulent flows consist of a wide range of interacting scales. Since the scale range increases as some power of the flow Reynolds number, a faithful simulation of the entire scale range is prohibitively expensive at high Reynolds numbers. The most expensive aspect concerns the small scale motions; thus, major emphasis is placed on understanding and modeling them, taking advantage of their putative universality. In this work, using physics-informed deep learning methods, we present a modeling framework to capture and predict the small scale dynamics of turbulence, via the velocity gradient tensor. The model is based on obtaining functional closures for the pressure Hessian and viscous Laplacian contributions as functions of velocity gradient tensor. This task is accomplished using deep neural networks that are consistent with physical constraints and incorporate Reynolds number dependence explicitly to account for small-scale intermittency. We then utilize a massive direct numerical simulation database, spanning two orders of magnitude in the large-scale Reynolds number, for training and validation. The model learns from low to moderate Reynolds numbers, and successfully predicts velocity gradient statistics at both seen and higher (unseen) Reynolds numbers. The success of our present approach demonstrates the viability of deep learning over traditional modeling approaches in capturing and predicting small scale features of turbulence.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Intrinsic leakage and adsorption currents associated with the electrocaloric effect in multilayer capacitors
Creators: name: Quintero, M.
name: Gaztañaga, P.
name: Irurzun, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the last few years, the increasing demand of energy for refrigeration applications has relived the interest of the scientific community in the study of alternative methods to the traditional gas-based refrigeration. Within this framework, the use of solid state refrigeration based on the electrocaloric effect reveals itself as one of the most promising technologies. In this work, we analyze how the temperature change associated with the electrocaloric effect shows a correlation with the electrical properties of a commercial multilayer capacitor. In that sense we established a clear relation between the adsorption currents and the temperature change produced by the electrocaloric effect. Additionally, intrinsic leakage currents are responsible for the sample heating due to the Joule effect. These well distinguished contributions can be useful during the design of solid state refrigeration devices based on the electrocaloric effect.
description: Acepted to be published in Applied Physics Letters
title: Langfristige Trends der Arbeitsmarktmobilität, Beschäftigungsstabilität und Beschäftigungssicherheit in Deutschland
title: Langfristige Trends der Arbeitsmarktmobilität, Beschäftigungsstabilität und Beschäftigungssicherheit in Deutschland
Creators: name: Erlinghagen, Marcel
Publisher: name: UD-E - Institute of Sociology at the University of Duisburg-Essen
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 20101 Labor Market Research
subject: 20103 Labor Market Policy
subject: 20100 Employment Research

description: Die Frage nach der Entwicklung von Arbeitsmarktmobilität, Beschäftigungsstabilität und Beschäftigungssicherheit ist spätestens seit den frühen 1980er Jahren von zentralem Interesse für die Arbeitsmarktsoziologie. Vor diesem Hintergrund präsentiert der Beitrag langfristige Entwicklungen der Fluktuation von Beschäftigten, der Beschäftigungsdauer, atypischer Beschäftigung, der Betroffenheit von Arbeitslosigkeit sowie der subjektiven Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit in Deutschland seit den 1970er Jahren. Insgesamt konnte dabei weder eine im Zeitverlauf generell zunehmende Arbeitsmarktmobilität noch eine grundsätzlich abnehmende Beschäftigungsstabilität festgestellt werden. Es findet sich kein Hinweis auf eine generelle Zunahme unfreiwilliger Jobverluste oder eine Verallgemeinerung von Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiken. Zudem wird der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt nach wie vor von sozialversicherungspflichtigen „Normalarbeitsverhältnissen“ dominiert, auch wenn ohne Zweifel die Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigung zugenommen hat. Vieles deutet hingegen auf eine zunehmende Polarisierung am Arbeitsmarkt hin. Diese Polarisierungstendenzen ergeben sich insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Verteilung von Chancen und Risiken entlang von Qualifikationsunterschieden.
description: How labor market mobility, job stability and job security has developed is of decisive importance for the sociological debate about the future of work that has at the latest started in the early 1980s. Against this background the paper presents empirical findings regarding the long term development of employment fluctuations, job tenure, atypical work, unemployment incidence and self-perceived job insecurity in Germany beginning with the 1970s. It turns out that no evidence could be found either for general increasing fluctuations or for decreasing job stability. In addition, involuntary job losses have not gained importance and unemployment has not become a common feature of individual employment histories. Further on, the German labor market is still dominated by standard employment although atypical work has without no doubt gained importance. Instead we find support for an increasing social polarization on the German labor market along educational and skill differences.
description: Duisburger Beiträge zur soziologieschen Forschung - DBsF
Quantum Science and the Search for Axion Dark Matter
Creators: name: Sushkov, Alexander O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dark matter puzzle is one of the most important open problems in modern physics. The ultra-light axion is a well-motivated dark matter candidate, conceived to resolve the strong-CP problem of quantum chromodynamics. Numerous precision experiments are searching for the three non-gravitational interactions of axion-like dark matter. Some of the searches are approaching fundamental quantum limits on their sensitivity. This Perspective describes several approaches that use quantum engineering to circumvent these limits. Squeezing and single-photon counting can enhance searches for the axion-photon interaction. Optimization of quantum spin ensemble properties is needed to realize the full potential of spin-based searches for the electric-dipole-moment and the gradient interactions of axion dark matter. Several metrological and sensing techniques, developed in the field of quantum information science, are finding natural applications in this area of experimental fundamental physics.
A discrete-module-finite-element hydroelasticity method in analyzing dynamic response of floating flexible structures
Creators: name: Chen, Yongqiang
name: Zhang, Xiantao
name: Liu, Lei
name: Tian, Xinliang
name: Li, Xin
name: Cheng, Zhengshun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A discrete-module-finite element (DMFE) based hydroelasticity method has been proposed and well developed. Firstly, a freely floating flexible structure is discretized into several macro-submodules in two horizontal directions to perform a multi-rigid-body hydrodynamic analysis. Each macro-submodule is then abstracted to a lumped mass at the center of gravity that bears the external forces including inertia force, hydrodynamic force and hydrostatic force. Apart from external forces, all lumped masses are also subjected to structural forces that reflect the structural deformation features of the original flexible structure. The key to calculating the structural forces is derivation of the equivalent overall structural stiffness matrix with respect to the displacements of all lumped masses, which is tackled following the finite element procedure. More specifically, each macro-submodule is discretized into a number of microelements to derive the corresponding structural stiffness matrix, which is manipulated to a new one including only the nodes at the position of the lumped masses and surrounding boundaries by using the substructure approach, and subsequently the target overall stiffness matrix is obtained by combining together all macro-submodules. Finally, based on equivalence between external and structural forces, the DMFE method establishes the hydroelastic equation on all lumped masses with their displacements as unknown variables. Solving the equation gives the displacement response of all lumped masses. Displacement and structural force responses are first calculated on the interfaces of every two adjacent macro-submodules, after which at any given position of the flexible structure, the recovery of displacement is based on the structural stiffness matrix of the corresponding macro-submodule and the recovery of structural force uses the spline interpolation scheme.
description: 51 pages, 36 figures, manuscripts for submission to journals
The town planning congresses at the Paris International Exhibition of 1937
Creators: name: Jaquand, Corinne
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: 1937 is an excellent focal point to look at the international planning movement on the eve of the Second World War. Indeed, the International Exhibition of Paris has hosted several congresses devoted to urban planning in the world. Dealing with regional planning, the International Federation for Housing and Town Planning (IFHTP) held its 15th congress, while the CIAM 5, dedicated to “Logis et loisirs” (Dwelling, recreation) was organised by Le Corbusier in connection with an exhibition at the Pavillon les Temps nouveaux. This contribution proposes to present the relations between both congresses in the thirties. Emphasis will be put more on the convergences than on the divergences of topics carried out by the experts of the IFHTP and by the avant-garde architects of the CIAM, at a time when planning and politics were challenged by the rise of fascism and the threat of a world conflict.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
The MillenniumTNG Project: Intrinsic alignments of galaxies and halos
Creators: name: Delgado, Ana Maria
name: Hadzhiyska, Boryana
name: Bose, Sownak
name: Springel, Volker
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Barrer, Monica
name: Pakmor, Rüdiger
name: Ferlito, Fulvio
name: Kannan, Rahul
name: Hernández-Aguayo, César
name: White, Simon D. M.
name: Frenk, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intrinsic alignment (IA) of observed galaxy shapes with the underlying cosmic web is a source of contamination in weak lensing surveys. Sensitive methods to identify the IA signal will therefore need to be included in the upcoming weak lensing analysis pipelines. Hydrodynamical cosmological simulations allow us to directly measure the intrinsic ellipticities of galaxies and thus provide a powerful approach to predict and understand the IA signal. Here we employ the novel, large-volume hydrodynamical simulation MTNG740, a product of the MillenniumTNG (MTNG) project, to study the IA of galaxies. We measure the projected correlation functions between the intrinsic shape/shear of galaxies and various tracers of large-scale structure, $w_{+g},\ w_{+m},\ w_{++}$ over the radial range $r_{\rm p} \in [0.02 , 200]\,h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$ and at redshifts $z=0.0$, $0.5$ and $1.0$. We detect significant signal-to-noise IA signals with the density field for both elliptical and spiral galaxies. We also find significant intrinsic shear-shear correlations for ellipticals. We further examine correlations of the intrinsic shape of galaxies with the local tidal field. Here we find a significant IA signal for elliptical galaxies assuming a linear model. We also detect a weak IA signal for spiral galaxies under a quadratic tidal torquing model. Lastly, we measure the alignment between central galaxies and their host dark-matter halos, finding small to moderate misalignments between their principal axes that decline with halo mass.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures
Soliton-like magnetization textures in non-collinear antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Ulloa, Camilo
name: Nunez, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that proper control of magnetization textures can be achieved in noncollinear antiferromagnets. This opens the versatile toolbox of domain-wall manipulation in the context of a different family of materials. In this way, we show that noncollinear antiferromagnets are a good prospect for applications in the context of antiferromagnetic spintronics. As in many noncollinear antiferromagnets, the order parameter field takes values in SO(3). By performing a gradient expansion in the energy functional we derive an effective theory that accounts for the physics of the magnetization of long-wavelength excitations. We apply our formalism to static and dynamic textures such as domain walls and localized oscillations, and identify topologically protected textures that are spatially localized. Our results are applicable to the exchange-bias materials Mn3X, with X = Ir, Rh, Pt.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Spin Physics Detector at NICA
Creators: name: Ladygin, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Spin Physics Detector is one of two large setups at the NICA collider under construction at JINR (Dubna). The ultimate goal of the studies at SPD is the measurement of different spin observables in polarized proton-proton and deuteron-deuteron collisions sensitive to the polarized gluon structure of the nucleon at the luminosity up to 10$^{32}$ $cm^{-2}\cdot s^{-1}$ and $\sqrt{s}$ up to 27 GeV. SPD will consist of the superconducting magnetic system, silicon tracker, straw mini-drift tubes tracker, time-of-flight system, electromagnetic "shashlyk"- type calorimeter, muon (range) and local-polarimetry systems. The high performance free-streaming DAQ system will be able to operate at the collision rate up to 4 MHz.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, SPIN2021 Conference
Quasi-two-dimensional bacterial swimming around pillars: enhanced trapping efficiency and curvature dependence
Creators: name: Takaha, Yuki
name: Nishiguchi, Daiki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microswimmers exhibit more diverse behavior in quasi-two dimensions than in three dimensions. Such behavior remains elusive due to the analytical difficulty of dealing with two parallel solid boundaries. The existence of additional obstacles in quasi-two dimensional systems further complicates the analysis. Combining experiments and hydrodynamic simulations, we investigate how the spatial dimension affects the interactions between microswimmers and obstacles. We fabricated microscopic pillars in quasi-two dimensions by etching glass coverslips and observed bacterial swimming among the pillars. Bacteria got trapped around the circular pillars and the trapping efficiency increased as the quasi-two-dimensionality was increased or as the curvature of the pillars was decreased. Numerical simulations of the simplest situation of a confined squirmer showed anomalous increase of hydrodynamic attractions, establishing that the enhanced interaction is a universal property of quasi-two-dimensional microhydrodynamics. We also demonstrated that the local curvature of the obstacle controls the trapping efficiency by experiments with elliptic pillars.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures