Neotrops pombero Grismado & Ramírez 2013, new species
Creators: name: Grismado, Cristian J.
name: Ramírez, Martín J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Neotrops
Neotrops pombero

description: Neotrops pombero, new species
Figures 41–45, 53A–B; map 3
TYPES: Male holotype from Argentina: Misiones: Parque Nacional Iguazú, área Cataratas, Dec. 11, 1999, to Dec. 16, 1999, M. Ramírez and L. Lopardo (MACN-Ar 15357, PBI _ OON 14794), one female paratype from the same Park: Cataratas del Iguazú: Isla San Martín, Nov. 01, 1986, M. Galiano (MACN-Ar 15360 PBI _ OON 14789), one male paratype from Misiones: Santa María, Oct. 01, 1953, De Carlo, R. Schiapelli, Viana, M. Galiano (MACN-Ar 20066 PBI _ OON 14927), and one female paratype from Misiones: San Pedro: Parque Provincial Cruce Caballero, NE San Pedro, Oct. 27, 1995, to Oct. 29, 1995, M. Ramírez (MACN-Ar 15354 PBI _ OON 14791). Deposited in MACN-Ar.
ETYMOLOGY: The Pombero is the most popular goblin in the mythology of the northeastern Argentina. The specific epithet is an allusion to the goblin spiders.
DIAGNOSIS: Males resemble N. lorenae by the shape of the conductor, but differ by the straighter dorsal outline of the bulb in lateral view, and by having the conductor with a ventral laminar projection accompanying all its length (figs. 44E, 53B). Females are recognized by the simple, Y-shaped anterior receptacle (fig. 53A).
DESCRIPTION: MALE (holotype, PBI_OON 14794). Total length 1.40. Cephalothorax: Carapace (fig. 41D, F) orange, broadly oval in dorsal view, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, anteriorly narrowed to less than half their maximum width; lateral margin straight; nonmarginal pars cephalica setae dark, needlelike, in three rows; nonmarginal pars thoracica setae dark, needle-like; marginal setae dark, needlelike. Clypeus setae dark, needlelike. Eyes PME largest, all eyes circular; posterior eye row procurved from front; ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PME touching throughout most of their length, PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius. Sternum as long as wide, pale orange, anterior margin unmodified, posterior margin extending posteriorly beyond anterior edges of coxae IV as single extension (fig. 41E); setae sparse, evenly scattered. Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites, and labium pale orange. setae dark, evenly scattered. Labium anterior margin indented at middle; with six or more setae on anterior margin. Endites with a lateral excavation and a membranous anterior part, rolled, forming a kind of tube (fig. 44C). Abdomen: Dorsum pale white. Book lung covers round. Postepigastric scutum pale orange. Spinneret scutum absent. Dorsum setae dark, needle-like. Spinnerets (fig. 45B–E): ALS: with four spigots; PMS: with two spigots; PLS: with four spigots. Legs: Pale orange; femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I–III. Leg spination: leg I: femora d0-1-0, pv0-0-1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-2; leg II: femora d0-1-0, pv0-0-1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2- 0, metatarsi v2-2-2; leg III: femora d1-0-1, tibiae p1-1, v0-0-1, metatarsi p1-0-1, r1-0-0, v0-0-1; leg IV: femora d0-1-1, tibiae d0-1-0, p-1-1, r1-1, v0-0-1, metatarsi p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v0-1-1. Trichobothria not examined. Genitalia: Palp proximal segments pale orange; femur normal size, two or more times as long as trochanter; cymbium pale orange, ovoid in dorsal view, not fused with bulb; bulb pale orange, 1 to 1.5 times as long as cymbium, stout, tapering apically, distal part conductor sinuous, partially translucent, with a ventral lamellar extension (figs. 42B–D, 53B; the gland opening is a narrow slit on the prolateral side; embolus dark, curved to the prolateral side (fig. 44E).
FEMALE (paratype, PBI_OON 14789). Total length 1.85. As in male except as noted. Cephalothorax: Carapace pale orange; nonmarginal pars cephalica setae in one row. Sternum precoxal triangles present; setae dark. Labium elongated hexagon. Palp spines absent. Abdomen: Postepigastric area setae dark, needlelike. Colulus represented only by setae. Legs: Patella plus tibia I nearly as long as carapace. Leg spination: leg I: femora d0-1- 0, pv0-0-1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-2; leg II: femora d0-1-0, pv0-0-1-1-0, tibiae v2-2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-2; leg III: femora d0-1-1, tibiae p1-1, r1-1, v0-1-2ap, metatarsi d0-0-1, p1-1, r0-0-1, v0-0-2ap; leg IV: femora d1-0-1; tibiae d0-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0- 0, v1-0-1ap, metatarsi p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v0-0- 2ap. Genitalia: In ventral view, bifid anterior receptacle visible through cuticle (fig. 43H). Dorsal view: anterior receptacle with two anteriorly directed sclerotized projections and accessory glands restricted to its base. Posterior plate large, nearly circular, covering anterior receptacle dorsally (fig. 53A).
OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: PARAGUAY: Canindeyu´: Salto del Guairá, ‘‘sous l’écorce d’un arbre mort,’’ Oct. 30, 1979, Expédition zoologique du Museúm de Genève, 2♂, 1♀ (MHNG PBI _ OON 42057). ARGENTINA: Misiones: Parque Nacional Iguazú (- 25.680295 °, - 54.449638 °), 186 m, Nov. 07, 2011, G. Rubio, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 28370 PBI _ OON 42036); 17 de Octubre, Oct. 01, 1954, 2♂, 1♀, 2 juvenile (MACN-AR 15362 PBI _ OON 14805); Cataratas del Iguazú, June 01, 1954, R. Schiapelli, 2♀ (MACN-AR 15353 PBI _ OON 14788), Nandu Campgd., Jan. 01, 1991, S., J. Peck, 1♂ (AMNH PBI _ OON 1860), Oct. 23, 1995, to Oct. 26, 1995, M. Ramírez, 1♂ (MACN-AR 15350 PBI _ OON 14769); Pto. 17 de Octubre, Oct. 01, 1953, De Carlo, R. Schiapelli, Viana, M. Galiano, 4♂, 5 juvenile (MACN 3781 PBI _ OON 14787); RP 19 y A ° Uruzú, Feb. 06, 1988, Goloboff and Szumik, 1♂, 1juvenile (MACN-AR 15355 PBI _ OON 14792); Santa María, June 01, 1960, J.M. Viana, 1♂, 3♀ (MACN-AR 15361 PBI _ OON 14795); Depto. Oberá, Campo Ramón: Refugio de Selva y Centro de Investigaciones Antonia Ramos (CIAR), Sendero del bosque cercano a la casa, - 27.44445 ° - 54.94064 °, 100 m, May 31, 2011, to June 03, 2011, Rubio G., Izquierdo M., Piacentini L. and Adilardi, R., 1♂ (MACN-Ar 28233 PBI _ OON 43378). Corrientes: Laguna Brava, Mar. 25, 2001, G. Ávalos, 1♂, 3♀ (CARTROUNNE 2972 PBI_OON 15031); Dec. 19, 2001, Ávalos, Gilberto, 2♂, 1♀ (CARTROUNNE 2969 PBI _ OON 30683), June 01, 2001, Ávalos, Gilberto, 1♀, 1juvenile (CARTROUNNE 2967 PBI _ OON 30684); Laguna Brava (road to Santa Ana), - 27.50000 °, - 58.70000 °, Dec. 12, 2004, Ávalos and Rubio G., 1♂, 3 juvenile (CARTROUNNE PBI _ OON 30676); Perichon, May 28, 2001, G. Ávalos, 2♂, 1♀ (CARTROUNNE 2970 PBI _ OON 15030), Dec. 12, 2004, Ávalos and Rubio G., 5♂ (CARTROUNNE PBI _ OON 15032), Dec. 09, 2004, G. Ávalos, 1♂ (CARTROUNNE PBI _ OON 15033), Aug. 18, 2010, Gilberto Ávalos and Pablo Ávalos Camino, 2♀, 4 juvenile (CARTROUNNE PBI _ OON 30662), Nov. 01, 2001, Ávalos and Rubio G., 1♂, 1♀ (CARTROUNNE 2973 PBI _ OON 30663), May 27, 2004, G. Ávalos, 1♀ (CARTROUNNE PBI _ OON 30665), Dec. 12, 2004, Ávalos and Rubio G., 1♂, 7♀, 10 juvenile (CARTROUNNE PBI _ OON 30680), Dec. 09, 2004, Ávalos and Rubio G., 1♀, 1♂, 2 juvenile (CARTROUNNE PBI _ OON 30682), Dec. 12, 2004, Ávalos and Rubio G., 2♀ (CARTROUNNE PBI _ OON 30685); Mburucuyá: P.N. Mburucuyá, Sendero Che Roga, hygrophilous forest, - 28.00493 ° - 58.03653 °, 85 m, May 27, 2011, to May 30, 2011, Rubio G., Izquierdo M. and Piacentini L., 1♂, 1 juvenile (MACN PBI _ OON 42095); Iberá, Dec. 19, 2004, Ávalos and Rubio G., 2♂ (CARTROUNNE PBI _ OON 30677), 1♂ (CARTROUNNE PBI _ OON 30678), 1♂, 4♀, 1juvenile (CARTROUNNE PBI _ OON 30679), 3♂, 3♀, 5 juvenile (CARTROUNNE PBI _ OON 30681); San Cayetano: Estación Biológica de Corrientes (EBCo), under trunk, 48 m, - 27.55083 °, - 58.67777 °, Nov. 05, 2007, to Nov. 10, 2007, C. Grismado, L. Piacentini, M. Izquierdo, L. Compagnucci, y J. Martínez col., 1♀ (MACN-AR 13172 PBI _ OON 14770); Estación Biológica de Corrientes (EBCo), forest, 50 m, - 27.54555 °, - 58.68111 °, Nov. 05, 2007, to Nov. 10, 2007, C. Grismado, L. Piacentini, M. Izquierdo, L. Compagnucci, y J. Martínez col., 1♀ (MACN-AR 13485 PBI _ OON 14785). Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Reserva Ecológica Costanera Sur, Área Fuego, - 34.60611 °, - 58.35833 °, Aug. 26, 2011, L. Zapata, A. Mamani, and H. Sirolli, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 28156 PBI _ OON 42125), 1juvenile (MACN-Ar 28155 PBI _ OON 42126), 2♂, 1 juvenile (MACN-Ar 27555 PBI _ OON 43197); Bosque de Tessaria integrifolia, - 34.60472 °, - 58.34972 °, Oct. 24, 2011, L. Zapata, G. Rubio, M. Izquierdo, M. Guala, y C. Grismado, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 28193 PBI _ OON 42023); 1♀ (MACN-Ar 28192 PBI _ OON 42041); Camino de los sauces: mirador al Canal Sur, - 34.61694 °, - 58.34722 °, Oct. 24, 2011, L. Zapata, G. Rubio, M. Izquierdo, M. Guala, y C. Grismado, 1♂, 1 juvenile (MACN-Ar 28196 PBI _ OON 42018), 2♂ (MACN-Ar 28197 PBI _ OON 42019), 1♂, 2♀ (MACN-Ar 28194 PBI _ OON 42020), 6♂, 7♀, 1juvenile (MACN-Ar 28191 PBI _ OON 42024), 3♂, 3♀, 1 juvenile (MACN-Ar 28235 PBI _ OON 42039), 1♂ (MACN-Ar 28189 PBI _ OON 42042).
DISTRIBUTION: Argentina: (Misiones and Corrientes provinces and, at least, one population in Buenos Aires city), and Paraguay (Canindeyú Department) (map 3).
NATURAL HISTORY: The specimen from the EBCo (Corrientes) was collected under a fallen trunk, in a forest. At Reserva Ecológica Costanera Sur (RECS), a few specimens were found in leaf litter in a forest and at the base of Cortaderia grasses, but most of them were obtained sifting leaf litter of the ‘‘Caña de Castilla’’ cane (Arundo donax) near the margin of a coastal lagoon, permanently connected with Río de la Plata estuary. The ecosystem is composed of recently developed riparian plant communities typical of this region. The large gap between the populations (Misiones and Corrientes and Buenos Aires city, separated by more than 750 km) is remarkable. Ecological surveys carried out by Lorena Zapata and collaborators at the RECS during several years obtained only N. darwini until 2011, when some specimens of N. pombero were collected for the first time. The largest series at RECS comes from a single place near the Río de la Plata estuary, a biological corridor for fauna coming from northern areas of the Paraná-Plata basin. These data suggest that N. pombero could be a recent inmigrant from the north.
description: Published as part of Grismado, Cristian J. & Ramírez, Martín J., 2013, The New World Goblin Spiders Of The New Genus Neotrops (Araneae: Oonopidae), Part 1, pp. 1-150 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2013 (383) on pages 53-60, DOI: 10.1206/819.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5404446