cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Apenesia Westwood 1874
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Apenesia

description: Apenesia sp.
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: United Arab Emirates (Azevedo et al. 2010 as “ Pristocerinae cf. genus Apenesia Westwood, 1874 ”), Yemen (Azevedo & Guimarães 2006).
Remarks: This record refers to specimens of as-yet unidentified species of this genus or a relative not otherwise recorded from the Arabian Peninsula.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Tricholabiodes scorteccii Invrea 1965
Creators: name: Lelej, Arkady S.
name: Harten, Antonius Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Tricholabiodes
Tricholabiodes scorteccii

description: Tricholabiodes scorteccii Invrea 1965
Tricholabiodes scorteccii Invrea 1965b: 62, ♂Ψ, holotype, ♂ "Ingeramis" [Yemen], 30.IV 1962, Scortecci [Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano]; Suárez 1989: 185, ♂.
Material examined
Not found in our material.
Distribution
Yemen, South Arabia (Suárez 1989).
description: Published as part of Lelej, Arkady S. & Harten, Antonius Van, 2006, A review of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of Yemen, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 1226 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.172671
Croton ichthygaster Smith & Downs 1959
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton ichthygaster

description: 19. Croton ichthygaster Smith & Downs (1959: 150).
Type:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: between the municipalities of Caçador and Joaçaba, 6 February 1957, L.B. Smith & R. Klein 10937 (holotype US 00109585!; isotypes K 000574189!, NY 00262911!, R 000200947!, UC 1079902!). (Fig. 11, F–J)
Croton ichthygaster is a rare shrub, recently rediscovered by Pereira et al. (2017a). It can be recognized by its orange latex, glabrescent to glabrous leaves adaxial surface, and sessile basilaminar glands (sometimes absent in a few leaves of the same specimen). It belongs to sect. Adenophylli subsect. Meridionalis van Ee & Berry (2021: 331) (van Ee & Berry 2021).
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern (PR, SC) Brazil, growing in open vegetation, riversides, especially in ‘campos de Palmas’ from southern Brazil, (Smith et al. 1988, Pereira et al. 2017a), probably between 900 and 1250 m elevation (Fig. 10).
Phenology:— Flowering from February, October and November, and fruiting from November and February.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: General Carneiro, Lajeado River, 12 February 1966, G. Hatschbach, J. Lindeman & H. Haas 13750 (MBM, US); 18 October 1966, G. Hatschbach 14976 (K, MBM, NY, UPCB). SANTA CATARINA: Água Doce, near Chapecó River, 26°42’31.7”S, 51°27’17.6”W, 1244 m, 23 November 2016, A. P. N. Pereira, M. B. R. Caruzo & R. Riina 47 (SP); A. P. N. Pereira, M. B. R. Caruzo & R. Riina 48 (SP); M. B. R. Caruzo, A. P. N. Pereira & R. Riina 201 (SP). Porto União, Matos Costa, 23 February 1962, R. Reitz & R. M. Klein 12363 (CRI, US).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on page 249, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Pristocera heinii Kohl 1906
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Pristocera
Pristocera heinii

description: Pristocera heinii Kohl, 1906
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: Yemen (Kohl 1906).
Extralimital distribution: No records.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Dissomphalus Ashmead 1893
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Dissomphalus

description: Dissomphalus sp.
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: United Arab Emirates (Azevedo et al. 2010), Yemen (Azevedo & Guimarães 2006).
Remarks: These records refer to specimens of as-yet unidentified species of this genus not otherwise recorded from the Arabian Peninsula.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Canis aureus subsp. algirensis Wagner 1841
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis aureus
Canis aureus subsp. algirensis wagner 1841

description: Canis aureus subsp. algirensis Wagner 1841
Synonyms: Canis aureus subsp. barbarus (C. E. H. Smith 1839); Canis aureus subsp. grayi Hilzheimer 1906; Canis aureus subsp. tripolitanus Wagner 1841.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 574, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Tricholabiodes sudanensis Suarez 1967
Creators: name: Lelej, Arkady S.
name: Harten, Antonius Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mutillidae
Tricholabiodes
Tricholabiodes sudanensis

description: * Tricholabiodes sudanensis Suárez 1967
Tricholabioides (!) sudanensis Suárez 1967: 561, ♂, holotype ♂ "de Assab [Eritrea], XII.1884, Frasca" [MSNG]; 1989: 170, ♂.
Tricholabiodes semistriata: Invrea 1932a: 66, ♂.
Material examined
Yemen: Al Kowd, VIII.2000, LT, AvH & S. Al Haruri, 1 ɗ [ZMAN]. Oman: 250 km S Nizwa, 16.III.1995, J. Wittmann, 1 ɗ [IBSS].
Distribution
Yemen (new record), Oman (new record), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Cameroon (Suárez 1989).
description: Published as part of Lelej, Arkady S. & Harten, Antonius Van, 2006, A review of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of Yemen, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 1226 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.172671
Croton grandivelus Baillon 1864
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton grandivelus

description: 17. Croton grandivelus Baillon (1864: 322).
Lectotype (designated by Sodré et al. 2017): — BRAZIL. São Paulo: s.loc., 1816–1821, A. Saint-Hilaire C2 1358 (P 00623596!; isolectotypes A 0047307, P 00623597!). (Fig. 9, K–M)
Croton grandivelus is a subshrub with xylopodium, pubescent leaves (on both surfaces), and denser indument along the margin and veins. C. grandivelus is similar to C. subvillosus, due to subshrub habit, stems branched, and size of leaf blade and petiole. Following the circumscription by Sodré et al. (2022), they can be differentiated by stipules (narrowly lanceolate with numerous glands in C. grandivelus vs. glanduliform, with 5 glands in C. subvillosus), secondary veins of leaf blade (6–10 pairs in C. grandivelus vs. 9–24 pairs in C. subvillosus), sepals of pistillate flowers (ovatelanceolate in C. grandivelus vs. triangular, narrow-triangular, or ovate in C. subvillosus). The species also resembles C. fulvus (see comments under C. fulvus). The species belongs to sect. Adenophylli subsect. Velamea.
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in Bolivia and Brazil (MG, MS, PR, SP) (Caruzo et al. 2020). Subshrubs from open vegetation, usually found in ‘cerrado’, between 550 and 790 m elevation. (Fig. 10).
Phenology:— Flowering from October to February and fruiting from October, November and February.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Arapoti, 25 October 1961, G. Hatschbach 8368 (HBR, L, MBM, UPCB, US). Jaguariaíva, Casa Nova, 790 m, 04 April 1915, P. K. H. Duse ́n 16973 (F, NY). Tibagi, Fazenda Monte Alegre, 21 November 1942, G. Ceccatto & J.C.H. Barbosa 36 (F, RB). Campo Mourão, Cerrado Valtra, 24°00’’52.04’ S, 52°21’47.02”W, 555 m, 18 October 2016, A. P. N. Pereira, F.S. Petrongari & O.L.M. Silva 27 (SP).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on page 248, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Parascleroderma Kieffer 1904
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Parascleroderma

description: Parascleroderma sp.
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: United Arab Emirates (Azevedo et al. 2010), Yemen (Azevedo & Guimarães 2006).
Remarks: These records refer to specimens of as-yet unidentified species of this genus not otherwise recorded from the Arabian Peninsula.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Canis aureus subsp. anthus F. Cuvier 1820
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis aureus
Canis aureus subsp. anthus f. cuvier 1820

description: Canis aureus subsp. anthus F. Cuvier 1820
Synonyms: Canis aureus subsp. senegalensis (C. E. H. Smith 1839).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 574, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Pristocera Klug 1808
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Pristocera

description: Pristocera sp.
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: United Arab Emirates (Azevedo et al. 2010), Yemen (Azevedo & Guimarães 2006).
Remarks: This record refers to specimens of as-then unidentified species that may be the same as the named species appearing above.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Canis aureus subsp. ecsedensis Kretzoi 1947
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis aureus
Canis aureus subsp. ecsedensis kretzoi 1947

description: Canis aureus subsp. ecsedensis Kretzoi 1947
Synonyms: Canis aureus subsp. minor Mojsisovico 1897.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 574, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Dinotoperla Tillyard
Creators: name: Mynott, Julia H
name: Suter, Phillip J
name: Theischinger, Gunther
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Gripopterygidae
Dinotoperla

description: Dinotoperla Tillyard
(Fig. 3 A–D)
Type species: Perla opposita Walker Remarks. Thirty-four described species are recognised in this genus with 12 of these species with an undescribed larval stage. This paper recognises four further larval morphologies that are supported by molecular and morphological characters. Some of these recognised morphotypes will belong to recognised species but the association of these will need to be confirmed in the future. The adults of D. aryballoi sp. nov. and D. tasmaniensis sp. nov. need to be associated and described. The species identification of D. sp. Tas will need to be confirmed, the adult female is thought to be D. marmorata but was not confirmed with either a larva or an adult male. Additionally, three unique adult morphologies were recognised by Theischinger & Cardale (1987) and these potentially remain undescribed species. The confirmation of a Dinotoperla species in Western Australia needs to be confirmed. Type material from this study has been deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC).
Generic description. Adult: Forewing with Rs simple and CuA forked; more than 1 distal crossvein in each space between R1 and CuA. Hindwing with MP and CuA fused for a part. Male tergite X with anterior and lateral sclerites and no posterior sclerite. Central sclerite of tergite X produced into a membranous cone; epiproct with apical ventral spur; paraprocts generally falcate. Diagnostic characters for the adult male are the dorsally smooth epiproct (without denticulation), no posterolateral production on tergite IX and the simple falcate paraprocts that are not slightly angulated and twisted or subapically thickened and followed by a terminal constriction.
Larva. With reduced cerci either short in general length or with segments elongated and very thin. Paraprocts triangular with a rounded tip, length of paraproct greater than or subequal to basal width. Variety of general body shapes but robust looking with sturdy legs. Frons covering the clypeus. Pronotum subequal or extending past width of head. No femoral spur present. Diagnostic characters are the thin or reduced cerci, the triangularly shaped paraprocts that are long with a broad base, and the lack of a femoral spur.
description: Published as part of Mynott, Julia H, Suter, Phillip J & Theischinger, Gunther, 2017, Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy, pp. 1-76 in Zootaxa 4224 (1) on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.259007
Pseudisobrachium Kieffer 1904
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Pseudisobrachium

description: Pseudisobrachium sp.
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: United Arab Emirates (Azevedo et al. 2010), Yemen (Azevedo & Guimarães 2006).
Remarks: These records refer to specimens of as-yet unidentified species of this genus not otherwise recorded from the Arabian Peninsula.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Croton lanatus Lamarck 1786
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton lanatus

description: 20. Croton lanatus Lamarck (1786:211).
Type: — URUGUAY. Montevideo, s.loc., s.d., P. Commerson s.n. (holotype P 00623501!; isotypes A 00303800!, F I011649!, MPU 014842!). (Fig. 11, K–M)
Croton lanatus is a shrub easly distiguised by its highly dense indument of stellate trichomes, sessile basilaminar glands, densely pubescent styles, and a pair of sessile glands at the base of bracts. Some specimens have been misidentified as C. reitzii, however, they can be differentiated by leaf shape and inflorescence (ovate to ovate-lanceolate and lax in C. lanatus vs. lanceolate and congested in C. reitzii). Croton lanatus is also morphologically similar to C. thermarum, but they can be distinguished by styles and nectary glands at the bracts (bifid and present in C. lanatus vs. tetrafid and absent in C. thermarum) (see Table 2). Croton lanatus belongs to section Adenophylli subsect. Meridionalis (van Ee & Berry 2021).
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil (PR, RS, SC) (Smith et al. 1988, Caruzo & Cordeiro 2007). The species has few records for the state of Paraná, being most commonly found in Rio Grande do Sul. It grows in open vegetation (‘campo limpo’), preferably in rocky and sandy soils, between 800 and 1280 m elevation. (Fig. 10).
Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting from June, September and November.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Cantagalo, BR-277, 11 June 1989, A. C. Cervi et al. 2718 (MBM, UPCB). Guarapuava, 26 September 1968, G. Hatschbach & O. Guimarães 19860 (MBM). Idem, Rio Cavernoso, 06 November 1963, E. Pereira & G. Hatschbach 7699 (MBM).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on pages 249-251, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Canis aureus subsp. lupaster Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis aureus
Canis aureus subsp. lupaster hemprich and ehrenberg 1833

description: Canis aureus subsp. lupaster Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833
Synonyms: Canis aureus subsp. sacer Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 575, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Croton longicarpus Pereira, Caruzo & Riina 2017
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton longicarpus

description: 21. Croton longicarpus Pereira, Caruzo & Riina (2017: 830).
Type: — BRAZIL. Paraná: Rio Branco do Sul, rodovia PR-092, sentido Cerro Azul, próximo ao km 40, orla de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, 25°08’00.7”S, 49°20’54.8”W, 940 m, 22 November 2016, A.P N. Pereira, M.B R. Caruzo & R. Riina 46 (holotype SP 489505!; isotypes MBM!, NY!, RB!) (Fig. 13, A–E).
This shrub can be easily recognized because of the indument and shape of the pistillate sepals (lepidote, narrowly spatulate) and its narrowly ellipsoid ovaries/capsules. In herbaria, part of the Croton longicarpus collections have been previously misidentified as C. splendidus. These two species can be distinguished by leaf shape (narrowly to broadly elliptic in C. splendidus vs. narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate in C. longicarpus), and lepidote trichomes in styles (absent in C. splendidus vs. present in C. longicarpus) (Pereira et al. 2017b). Croton longicarpus also resembles C. uruguayensis due to their long and lax inflorescences, and narrow leaves. Despite this, C. longicarpus differs by its adaxial leaf surface covered by stellate trichomes, bisexual inflorescences, narrowly spatulate pistillate sepals, narrowly ellipsoid capsules, and styles covered by lepidote trichomes, whereas in C. uruguayensis the adaxial leaf surface is glabrous, the inflorescences are unisexual, the pistillate sepals are oblong, the capsules are globose, and the styles are glabrous. Croton longicarpus belongs to section Lamprocroton subsect. Lamprocroton (van Ee & Berry 2011).
Distribution and habitat: —It is restricted to southern Brazil (PR, RS), growing in open vegetation and edges of Araucaria forest, between 860 and 1000 m elevation (Pereira et al. 2017b) (Fig. 12).
Phenology: —Flowering from February to March and September to December, and fruiting November to March.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Coronel Domingos Soares, São João, 26°11’39”S, 52°02’24”W, 1045, 22 September 2014, J. T. Motta & J. M. Silva 4435 (MBM). Mallet, Rio Bonito, 20 April 2005, O. S. Ribas, R. Wasum & L.Seur 6844 B (MBM). Rio Branco do Sul, Caverna de Caximba, 14 December 1996, G. Tiepolo & A. C. Svolenski 643 (EFC, MBM); Rodovia PR-092, sentido Cerro Azul, próximo ao km 40, 25°08’00.7’’S, 49°20’54.8’’W, 940 m, 22 November 2016, A. P. N. Pereira, M. B. R. Caruzo & R. Riina 46 (SP).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on pages 251-252, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Cephalonomia Westwood 1853
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Cephalonomia

description: Cephalonomia sp.
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: United Arab Emirates (Azevedo et al. 2010), Yemen (Azevedo & Guimarães 2006).
Remarks: These records refer to specimens of as-yet unidentified species of this genus not otherwise recorded from the Arabian Peninsula.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Canis aureus subsp. moreotica I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1835
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis aureus
Canis aureus subsp. moreotica i. geoffroy saint-Hilaire 1835

description: Canis aureus subsp. moreotica I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1835
Synonyms: Canis aureus subsp. graecus Wagner 1841.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 575, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Discleroderma yemenensis Lanes & Azevedo 2008
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Discleroderma
Discleroderma yemenensis

description: Discleroderma yemenensis Lanes & Azevedo, 2008
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: Yemen (Lanes & Azevedo 2008).
Extralimital distribution: Egypt (Lanes & Azevedo 2008).
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Croton macrobothrys Baillon 1864
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton macrobothrys

description: 23. Croton macrobothrys Baillon (1864: 332).
Lectotype (designated by Caruzo et al. 2016): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Órgãos, 1833, M. Vauthier 92 (P 00633413!; isolectotypes F 0056158F!, G 00434542!, GH 00257954!, GDC 00311416!, GDC G00311415!, MPU 014844!, P 00633414!, P 00633415!). (Fig. 13, J–L)
Croton macrobothrys is a large tree characterized by the presence of copious red latex when the bark is cut, ovatelanceolate leaves, stipitate acropetiolar glands, elongated inflorescences, and long pedicellate flowers. Caruzo et al. (2016) recognized two subspecies for C. macrobothrys, with only the typical one present in Paraná (C. macrobothrys subsp. macrobothrys). The species belongs to section Cyclostigma (van Ee et al. 2011).
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern (PR, SC, RS) and southeastern Brazil (RJ, SP) (Caruzo et al. 2016, 2020, Valduga et al. 2021). In Paraná, the species is more common in the east of the state, on the slopes of Serra do Mar. It grows in moist forest, between 50 and 400 m elevation. (Fig. 12).
Phenology:— Flowering from November to December, and fruiting December, January and May.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Cerro Azul, 02 November 2006, A. Dunaiski 3222 (HFIE, MBM). Guaraqueçaba, Salto Murato, 15 November 1993, G. Hatschbach & J. M. Silva 59776 (MBM, RB, SPF, W). Guaratuba, Descampado, 15 January 1994, G. Hatschbach & J. M. Silva 59816 (HUEFS, K, MBM, SPF). Morretes, Colônia Limeira, 08 November 2007, J. M. Silva, J. Cordeiro & C. B. Poliquesi 6139 (HCF, MBM). Tunas do Paraná, Pacas, 15 December 1999, J. M. Silva & L. M. Abe 3116 (MBM, SPF, W).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on page 253, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Croton muellerianus Lima 2008
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton muellerianus

description: 24. Croton muellerianus Lima (2008a: 124).
Type: — BRAZIL. Paraná: Campina Grande do Sul, Pico Caratuva, 16 April 2004, L.R. Lima, J.M. Silva & O.S. Ribas 358 (holotype SPF 161251!; isotypes MBM, SP, WIS) (Illustration available in Lima & Pirani 2008b: 218).
This shrub can be recognized by its densely branched habit, leaves that are broadly elliptic or broadly ovate, and strongly discolorous, with glabrous adaxial surface and golden lepidote abaxial surface. The species is morphologically similar to C. splendidus, which can also be found in the same habitat. They can be distinguished by the presence of trichomes on the adaxial leaf surface and styles (glabrous and subentire lepidote trichomes, respectively, in C. muellerianus vs. stellate trichomes and glabrous, respectively, in C. splendidus). The species belongs to section Lamprocroton subsect. Lamprocroton (van Ee & Berry 2011).
Distribution and habitat:— It is apparently endemic to Paraná, occurring in the municipalities of Antonina, Campina Grande do Sul and Morretes (Lima & Pirani 2008a, Lima & Pirani 2008 b, Caruzo et al. 2020). It grows in open vegetation (‘campo de altitude’) or edges of cloud forest, between 1000 and 2600 m of elevation (Fig. 12).
Phenology:— Flowering from January, February, May, July, September to November, and fruiting from January, September and October.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Antonina, Pico Ciririca, 10 October 2010, E. D. Lozano & V. Ariati 421 (MBM). Campina Grande do Sul, Serra dos Órgãos, 04 July 1991, C. V. Roderjan 925 B (MBM, UPCB); Pico Paraná, 24 October 2005, O. S. Ribas, R. Goldenberg & F. Michelangeli 7013 (MBM, RB). Morretes, Serra Marumbi, 18 February 1982, G. Hatschbach 44586 (MBM, MO); idem, 22 February 2005, E. F. Costa, E. Barbosa & B. Biancolini 43 (MBM).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on pages 253-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Canis aureus subsp. riparius Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis aureus
Canis aureus subsp. riparius hemprich and ehrenberg 1832

description: Canis aureus subsp. riparius Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832
Synonyms: Canis aureus subsp. hagenbecki Noack 1897; Canis aureus subsp. mengesi Noack 1897; Canis aureus subsp. somalicus Lorenz 1906.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 575, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Discleroderma Kieffer 1904
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Discleroderma

description: Discleroderma sp.
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: Yemen (Azevedo & Guimarães 2006).
Remarks: This record refers to specimens of as-then unidentified species that may be the same as the named species above.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Titers of Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Are Independent of Symptoms of Non-Severe COVID-19 in Young Adults.
Creators: name: Jonsdottir, Hulda R
name: Bielecki, Michel
name: Siegrist, Denise
name: Buehrer, Thomas W
name: Züst, Roland
name: Deuel, Jeremy W
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
ELISA
SARS-CoV-2
SNT
virus neutralization test
young adults
Adult
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
Asymptomatic Infections
Cohort Studies
Humans
Immunity, Humoral
Male
Military Personnel
Neutralization Tests
Switzerland
Young Adult

description: Neutralizing antibodies are an important part of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2. It is currently unclear to what extent such antibodies are produced after non-severe disease or asymptomatic infection. We studied a cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infections among a homogeneous population of 332 predominantly male Swiss soldiers and determined the neutralizing antibody response with a serum neutralization assay using a recombinant SARS-CoV-2-GFP. All patients with non-severe COVID-19 showed a swift humoral response within two weeks after the onset of symptoms, which remained stable for the duration of the study. One month after the outbreak, titers in COVID-19 convalescents did not differ from the titers of asymptomatically infected individuals. Furthermore, symptoms of COVID-19 did not correlate with neutralizing antibody titers. Therefore, we conclude that asymptomatic infection can induce the same humoral immunity as non-severe COVID-19 in young adults.
Canis aureus subsp. soudanicus Thomas 1903
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis aureus
Canis aureus subsp. soudanicus thomas 1903

description: Canis aureus subsp. soudanicus Thomas 1903
Synonyms: Canis aureus subsp. doederleini Hilzheimer 1906; Canis aureus subsp. nubianus (Cabrera 1921); Canis aureus subsp. thooides Hilzheimer 1906; Canis aureus subsp. variegatus Cretzschmar 1826.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 575, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Croton lundianus Muller Argoviensis 1866
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton lundianus

description: 22. Croton lundianus (Didr.) Müller Argoviensis (1866: 662).
— Podostachys lundianus Didrichsen (1857: 137).
Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Taubate ́, November 1833, P.W. Lund s.n. (holotype C 10011178!). (Fig. 13, F – I)
This subshrub can be recognized by its pair of stipitate acropetiolar nectary glands, inflorescences with a sterile region between the pistillate and staminate flowers. The lobes of the pistillate calyx are slightly laciniate in most of the analyzed specimens and they are white at anthesis. Croton lundianus is similar to C. glandulosus, but they can be differentiated by vegetative and reproductive characters (see comments in C. glandulosus). The species also resembles C. trinitatis, which has continuous thyrses, and pedicellate pistillate flowers with entire sepals, whereas C. lundianus has discontinuous inflorescences, and subsessile pistillate flowers with slightely laciniate sepals. The species is a member of sect. Geiseleria subsect. Podostachys (Riina et al. 2021).
Distribution and habitat:— It is found in Argentina, Brazil (except Amazonian states), and Paraguay (Riina et al. 2021). Common in open vegetation (‘campo sujo’, ‘campo limpo’), forest edges, disturbed areas, and riverbanks, between 15 and 1055 m elevation. (Fig. 12).
Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting from January to May and September to December.
Representative specimens: — PARANÁ: Cerro Azul, Rio Turvo, 31 October 2006, J. Cordeiro & E. Barbosa 2399 (HUEFS, MBM, RB). Morretes, Rio Mãe Catira, 06 December 1990, A. C. Cervi & A. Dunaiski Jr. 3189 (MBM, UPCB). Palmeira, BR-277, próximo ao trevo para Porto Amazonas, 25 April 2009, J. M. Silva, M. Morales & R. H. Fortunato 7174 (MBM). São José dos Pinhais, BR-277 sentido litoral, próximo ao km 55, entrada para Rio Pequeno I, 927 m, 14 January 2015, A. P. N. Pereira, M. B. R. Caruzo, O. S. Ribas & R. F. Santos 02 (SP). Tibagi, Sítio Sete Quedas, 24°34’54.6”S, 50°15’24.6”W, 24 October 2014, M. G. Caxambu 5679 (HCF, UNOP).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on page 253, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Glenosema durum Barbosa, Kawada & Azevedo 2017
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Glenosema
Glenosema durum

description: Glenosema durum Barbosa, Kawada & Azevedo, 2017
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: Yemen (Barbosa et al. 2017 as Glenosema dura, also mistakenly United Arab Emirates).
Extralimital distribution: No records.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Glenosema minum Barbosa, Kawada & Azevedo 2017
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Glenosema
Glenosema minum

description: Glenosema minum Barbosa, Kawada & Azevedo, 2017
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: United Arab Emirates (Barbosa et al. 2017 as Glenosema mina). Extralimital distribution: No records.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Glenosema paulae Barbosa, Kawada & Azevedo 2017
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Glenosema
Glenosema paulae

description: Glenosema paulae Barbosa, Kawada & Azevedo, 2017
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: United Arab Emirates (Barbosa et al. 2017).
Extralimital distribution: No records.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Glenosema satiae Barbosa, Kawada & Azevedo 2017
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Glenosema
Glenosema satiae

description: Glenosema satiae Barbosa, Kawada & Azevedo, 2017
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: United Arab Emirates (Barbosa et al. 2017).
Extralimital distribution: No records.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Croton polygonoides Smith & Downs 1959
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton polygonoides

description: 26. Croton polygonoides Smith & Downs (1959: 151).
Type: — BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Dionísio Cerqueira, 31 December 1956, L.B. Smith, P.R. Reitz & D. Pereira 9681 (holotype US 00109650!; isotypes NY 00262939!, R 000200948!) (Illustration available in Smith et al. 1988: 100).
Croton polygonoides is a rare and poorly known species (Smith et al. 1988), which can be recognized by its glabrescent to sparsely pubescent leaves with basilaminar nectary glands, and lax inflorescences. Smith & Downs (1956), in the protologue of the species, describe the presence of glands at the base of the bracts, however, these structures were not seen in the collections examined here. Croton polygonoides is morphologically similar to C. sanctae-crucis due to its discolorous leaves with raised veins, and sessile pistillate flowers. The two species differ mainly by the adaxial leaf surface (glabrous in C. polygonoides vs. sparsely pubescent in C. sanctae-crucis), abaxial leaf surface (glabrescent sparsely pubescent in C. polygonoides vs. pubescent in C. sanctae-crucis), leaf shape (elliptic in C. polygonoides vs. lanceolate to ovate in C. sanctae-crucis), staminate flowers (pedicellate in C. polygonoides vs. sessile or subsessile in C. sanctae-crucis), and habitat (C. polygonoides occurs along the edges of Araucaria forest whereas C. sanctae-crucis occurs only in cerrado). C. polygonoides is a member to section Adenophylli subsect. Meridionalis (van Ee & Berry 2021).
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern (PR, SC) Brazil (Smith et al. 1988). Although it was reported by Caruzo et al. (2020) for Rio Grande do Sul, we were unable to find collections from this species from Rio Grande do Sul neither online nor in any of the visited herbaria. The few existing records indicate the species grow along the edges of Araucaria forest, in moist soil, apparently between 500 and 600 m elevation (Fig. 14).
Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting from May and October.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Santo Antônio do Sudoeste, Planchita, 24 October 1969, G. Hatschbach 22639 (BR, K, MBM, MO, NY, UPCB). Idem, arredores, 17 May 1977, G. Hatschbach 39923 (MBM).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on pages 254-256, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Glenosema Kieffer 1905
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Glenosema

description: Glenosema sp.
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: United Arab Emirates (Azevedo et al. 2010).
Remarks: This record refers to specimens of as-then unidentified species that are the same as named species appearing above.
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Croton myrianthus Muller Argoviensis 1865
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton myrianthus

description: 25. Croton myrianthus Müller Argoviensis (1865: 138).
Type: — BRAZIL. ‘in Brasilia Meridionali’, s.d., F. Sellow 3936 (holotype B†; lectotype SP 18550! designated by Lima & Pirani 2008b; isolectotypes A 00257962!, photo F 0 BN005137!, G 00434607!, NY 00262931!) (Fig. 15, A–B).
Croton myrianthus is a shrub with subentire lepidote trichomes on both leaf surfaces, and unisexual inflorescences. Lima & Pirani (2008b) pointed out the similarities between C. myrianthus and C. uruguayensis, however, the two species can be distinguished by inflorescence size (up to 2 cm long in C. myrianthus vs. up to 7 cm in C. uruguayensis), and by leaf shape (elliptical, ovate or ovate-lanceolate in C. myrianthus vs. narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate in C. uruguayensis). The species belongs to section Lamprocroton subsect. Lamprocroton (van Ee & Berry 2011).
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern (PR, RS, SC) Brazil (Caruzo et al. 2020), where it grows in open vegetation, frequently close to riverbanks, between 700 and 990 m of elevation (Fig. 14).
Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting from October to March.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Bituruna, Fazenda Lageado Grande, 987 m, 18 September 2004, D. Liebsch 798 (UPCB). Dois Vizinhos, Foz do Chopim, 9 December 1968, G. Hatschbach 20578 (MBM, NY, RFA, UPCB). General Carneiro, Fazenda São Pedro, Lagoa Sanguessuga, 01 October 2004, A. C. Cervi 8678 (UPCB). Guarapuava, Rio Coitinho, 15 December 1965, R. Reitz & R. M. Klein 17657 (NY, P). Palmas, 04 November 1998, A. Soares & W. Maschio 282 (HFC, HUEM).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on page 254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277
Israelius amputatus Barbosa, Kawada & Azevedo 2014
Creators: name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
name: Brothers, Denis J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Israelius
Israelius amputatus

description: Israelius amputatus Barbosa, Kawada & Azevedo, 2014
Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: United Arab Emirates (Barbosa et al. 2014).
Extralimital distribution: Palaearctic region (Barbosa et al. 2014).
description: Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Azevedo, Celso O. & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Chrysidoidea, Bethylidae, pp. 91-100 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3719057
Croton pycnocephalus Baillon 1864
Creators: name: Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha
name: Riina, Ricarda
name: Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton pycnocephalus

description: 27. Croton pycnocephalus Baillon (1864: 356).
Type: — BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: 1864, C. Gaudichaud-Beaupré 1668 (holotype P 06773116!; isotype A 00257986!). (Fig. 15, C–D)
This shrub can be distinguished by the indument of stipitate stellate trichomes distributed throughout the plant, small leaves (up to 1.5 cm long), and staminate petals that are twice the size of the sepals. Due to its small leaves and twice bifid styles, C. pycnocephalus is commonly confused with C. serpyllifolius and C. chamaepitis, however, several vegetative characteristics distinguish it from both species (Table 1). The species belongs to section Lamprocroton subsect. Argentini (van Ee & Berry 2011).
Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern Brazil (PR, RS) (Caruzo et al. 2020), where it grows in sandy or rocky soils of ‘cerrado’, between 800 and 995 m elevation. (Fig. 14).
Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting from October to February, and April to June.
Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: Balsa Nova, São Luiz do Purunã, 05 October 2001, J. M. Silva & O. S. Ribas 3473 (MBM); idem, 21 April 2010, R. Ristow, L. J. B. Schip & W. T. Ferreira 609 (IRAI, MBM). Jaguariaíva, Estrada do Sertão, entrada grande, 04 December 1964, G. Hatschbach 11967 (K, MBM, UPCB); Vale do Codó, 12 October 2006, J. M. Silva, E. Barbosa & E. M. Cunha 5098 (MBM, MG). Palmeira, Fazenda Padre Inácio, 30 May 1971, G. Hatschbach 26703 (MBM).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha, Riina, Ricarda & Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi, 2022, Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key, pp. 231-274 in Phytotaxa 570 (3) on page 256, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7260277