cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lattice Melting and Rotation in Perpetually Pulsating Equilibria
Creators: name: Pichon, C.
name: Lynden-Bell, D.
name: Pichon, J.
name: Lynden-Bell, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systems whose potential energies consists of pieces that scale as r^-2 together with pieces that scale as r^2, show no violent relaxation to Virial equilibrium but may pulsate at considerable amplitude for ever. Despite this pulsation these systems form lattices when the non-pulsational `energy' is low, and these disintegrate as that energy is increased. The `specific heats' show the expected halving as the `solid' is gradually replaced by the `fluid' of independent particles. The forms of the lattices are described here for N ~ 20 and they become hexagonal close packed for large N. In the larger N limit, a shell structure is formed. Their large N behaviour is analogous to a gamma=5/3 polytropic fluid with a quasi-gravity such that every element of fluid attracts every other in proportion to their separation. For such a fluid, we study the `rotating pulsating equilibria' and their relaxation back to uniform but pulsating rotation. We also compare the rotating pulsating fluid to its discrete counter part, and study the rate at which the rotating crystal redistributes angular momentum and mixes as a function of extra heat content.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures; accepted for publication by Phys Rev E
The first direct detection of a gravitational micro-lens toward the Galactic bulge
Creators: name: Kozlowski, S.
name: Wozniak, P. R.
name: Mao, S.
name: Wood, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a direct detection of the gravitational lens that caused the microlensing event MACHO-95-BLG-37. This is the first fully resolved microlensing system involving a source in the Galactic bulge, and the second such system in general. The lens and source are clearly resolved in images taken with the High Resolution Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) ~9 years after the microlensing event. The presently available data are not sufficient for the final, unambiguous identification of the gravitational lens and the microlensed source. While the light curve models combined with the high resolution photometry for individual objects indicate that the source is red and the lens is blue, the color-magnitude diagram for the line of sight and the observed proper motions strongly support the opposite case. The first scenario points to a metal-poor lens with mass M = ~0.6 M_Sun at the distance D_l = ~4 kpc. In the second scenario the lens could be a main-sequence star with M = 0.8 - 0.9 M_Sun about half-way to the Galactic bulge or in the foreground disk, depending on the extinction.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Anomalous Hall effect in anatase Ti1-xCoxO2 at low temperature regime
Creators: name: Ueno, Kazunori
name: Fukumura, Tomoteru
name: Toyosaki, Hidemi
name: Nakano, Masaki
name: Kawasaki, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) of a ferromagnetic semiconductor anatase \cotio thin film is studied from 10K to 300K. Magnetic field dependence of anomalous Hall resistance is coincident with that of magnetization, while the anomalous Hall resistance decreases at low temperature in spite of nearly temperature-independent magnetization. Anomalous Hall conductivity sigma_AHE is found to be proportional to the square of Hall mobility, suggesting that charge scattering strongly affects the AHE in this system. The anatase Ti1-xCoxO2 also follows a scaling relationship to conductivity sigma_xx as sigma_AHE ~ sigma_xx^1.6, which was observed for another polymorph rutile Ti1-xCoxO2, suggesting an identical mechanism of their AHE.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures; modified Refs. 9 and 13 according to journal's queries, and modified some sentences related on sample composition of Refs. 7, 8 and 9 in order to avoid misinterpretation of these references
Designing optimal masks for a multi-object spectrometer
Creators: name: Salazar-González, Juan-José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: D.m; G.4; I.4.1
subject: 90-04

description: This paper concerns a new optimization problem arising in the management of a multi-object spectrometer with a configurable slit unit. The field of view of the spectrograph is divided into contiguous and parallel spatial bands, each one associated with two opposite sliding metal bars that can be positioned to observe one astronomical object. Thus several objects can be analyzed simultaneously within a configuration of the bars called a mask. Due to the high demand from astronomers, pointing the spectrograph's field of view to the sky, rotating it, and selecting the objects to conform a mask is a crucial optimization problem for the efficient use of the spectrometer. The paper describes this problem, presents a Mixed Integer Linear Programming formulation for the case where the rotation angle is fixed, presents a non-convex formulation for the case where the rotation angle is unfixed, describes a heuristic approach for the general problem, and discusses computational results on real-world and randomly-generated instances.
description: The dataset is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/cbdth2nprm.1
APSIS - an Artificial Planetary System in Space to probe extra-dimensional gravity and MOND
Creators: name: Sahni, Varun
name: Shtanov, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A proposal is made to test Newton's inverse-square law using the perihelion shift of test masses (planets) in free fall within a spacecraft located at the Earth-Sun L2 point. Such an Artificial Planetary System In Space (APSIS) will operate in a drag-free environment with controlled experimental conditions and minimal interference from terrestrial sources of contamination. We demonstrate that such a space experiment can probe the presence of a "hidden" fifth dimension on the scale of a micron, if the perihelion shift of a "planet" can be measured to sub-arc-second accuracy. Some suggestions for spacecraft design are made.
description: 17 pages, revtex, references added. To appear in Special issue of IJMPD
title: Mesoscale dynamics of Antarctic waters of the Atlantic as a factor for formation of Antarctic krill agglomerations in conventional fishing grounds in the Scotia Sea
Creators: name: Churin, Dmitry
name: Kasatkina, Svetlana
name: Chernyshkov, Pavel
Publisher: name: ASC 2013 - Theme session B
Year: 2024
Subjects: The sea and human culture and societies
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. The analysis of dynamics of mesoscale vortexes occurring in the Scotia Sea due to specific features of bottom relief and hydrodynamic instability of currents was carried out on the basis of ocean surface level measurements (Project AVISO, 2012, Chelton et al., 2012) as well as on the basis of trajectories of drifting buoys (Global Drifter Program, NOAA, 2012) over the period of 1992-2012
title: Fishing for revenue: how leasing quota can be hazardous to your health
Creators: name: Emery, Timothy
name: Hartmann, Klaas
name: Green, Bridget
name: Gardner, Caleb
name: Tisdell, John
Publisher: name: ASC 2013 - Theme session C
Year: 2024
Subjects: The sea and human culture and societies
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. Fisheries management decisions have the ability to influence the safety of resource users by affecting how and when they fish. In the Tasmanian southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) (TSRL) fishery in Australia, the expansion of the quota lease market under individual transferable quota (ITQ) management coincided with a rise in the number of commercial fishing fatalities.
Resistance of concrete railroad ties to impact loading
Creators: name: Wang, Nianzhi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In some sections of railroad, many prestressed concrete railway ties were found to be cracked after being in service for only a few months, because of impact loading. The dynamic properties of concrete ties were thus studied in this work. Two typical types of impulse encountered in track, due to rail abnormalities and "wheel flats" of trains, were successfully simulated by the use of a 578 kg impact machine and a 60 kg drop weight impact machine, respectively. The previously developed "single-blow" impact technique has been extended into a "multi-blow" impact technique, in order to better simulate the repeated impact loading on the concrete tie in track. It was found that the stiffness of the rubber support played an important role in the dynamic response of the ties. Using the soft rubber support caused a low maximum load, low loading rate, a higher fracture energy and a ductile flexural fracture mode. Using the hard support caused a brittle flexure-shear or shear failure mode. Crack mode analysis showed that the cause of the crack mode changing from flexural under quasi-static loading to shear under impact loading is that the shear to moment ratio at the mid-span of the tie changes under impact. A crack mode prediction method was proposed. In the second series of tests, twelve types of modified ties were tested. The effects of the concrete strength, steel fibre additions, changes in prestressing force, the presence of stirrups were examined. The crack opening length and residual crack length were detected by crack detection gauges. Steel fibres greatly improved tie behaviour, leading to shorter and finer cracks in the concrete. Stirrups can, particularly when used in conjunction with fibres, effectively retard the deterioration of the concrete tie. The ties with a 40 MPa compressive strength and 30 mm fibres behaved very well. They were markedly better than the ties which had the same fibre content but a 65 MPa concrete compressive strength. The reason for this is that reducing the concrete compressive strength or prestressing level of the tie resulted in a reduction of the dynamic flexural stiffness and hence the magnitude of the impact loads. It is believed that if these measures were combined with the use of steel fibres in the concrete, a new type of concrete tie, with improved ductility and high resistance to impact load could be developed. Dynamic analysis of the ties showed that a different impulse duration or frequency may lead to a very different concrete strain response. This may need to be considered in the wheel truing program in service. Thirteen types of commercial pads were tested and ranked. Soft pads may act as a low-pass filter, leading to lower amplitudes of the concrete strain vibration. However, it may structurally deteriorate more quickly, leading to an even worse influence on the ties after a period of time in service.
Perturbative approach for strong and weakly coupled time-dependent non-Hermitian quantum systems
Creators: name: Fring, Andreas
name: Tenney, Rebecca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a perturbative approach to determine the time-dependent Dyson map and the metric operator associated with time-dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. We apply the method to a pair of explicitly time-dependent two dimensional harmonic oscillators that are weakly coupled to each other in a PT-symmetric fashion and to the strongly coupled explicitly time-dependent negative quartic anharmonic oscillator potential. We demonstrate that once the perturbative Ansatz is set up the coupled differential equations resulting order by order may be solved recursively in a constructive manner, thus bypassing the need for making any guess for the Dyson map or the metric operator. Exploring the ambiguities in the solutions of the order by order differential equations naturally leads to a whole set of inequivalent solutions for the Dyson maps and metric operators implying different physical behaviour as demonstrated for the expectation values of the time-dependent energy operator.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures
Valence-band mixing in first-principles envelope-function theory
Creators: name: Foreman, Bradley A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a numerical implementation of a first-principles envelope-function theory derived recently by the author [B. A. Foreman, Phys. Rev. B 72, 165345 (2005)]. The examples studied deal with the valence subband structure of GaAs/AlAs, GaAs/Al(0.2)Ga(0.8)As, and In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As/InP (001) superlattices calculated using the local density approximation to density-functional theory and norm-conserving pseudopotentials without spin-orbit coupling. The heterostructure Hamiltonian is approximated using quadratic response theory, with the heterostructure treated as a perturbation of a bulk reference crystal. The valence subband structure is reproduced accurately over a wide energy range by a multiband envelope-function Hamiltonian with linear renormalization of the momentum and mass parameters. Good results are also obtained over a more limited energy range from a single-band model with quadratic renormalization. The effective kinetic-energy operator ordering derived here is more complicated than in many previous studies, consisting in general of a linear combination of all possible operator orderings. In some cases the valence-band Rashba coupling differs significantly from the bulk magnetic Luttinger parameter. The splitting of the quasidegenerate ground state of no-common-atom superlattices has non-negligible contributions from both short-range interface mixing and long-range dipole terms in the quadratic density response.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures; v3: split into two papers (see cond-mat/0703697)
title: Explorations of tactical fisher behaviour under the RTI (Real‐Time Incentive) tariff‐based fisheries management system using simple simulations
Creators: name: Kraak, Sarah B. M.
name: Reidb, Dave G.
name: Codling, Edward A.
Publisher: name: ASC 2013 - Theme session C
Year: 2024
Subjects: The sea and human culture and societies
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. In the recently proposed Real-Time Incentives (RTI) fisheries management approach fishers would be allocated fishing-impact credits („RTIs‟) to spend according to spatiotemporally varying tariffs. RTI-quota and tariffs would be based on commercial stock targets, and tariffs could be updated based on real-time CPUE data. The fisher could dynamically choose how to spend his RTIs, e.g. by limited fishing in sensitive areas and fishing longer in less sensitive areas. Using a conceptual simulation framework we explore the feasibility of RTImanagement given potential responses by fishermen and have a close look at the internal dynamics of the system, the „nuts and bolts‟. In particular, we consider various tactical decision-making strategies that may be used by fishermen to optimise their fishing activities within the system. In addition, we explore RTI-management in the context of the classical mixed-fisheries problem, where restricting fishing mortality of a vulnerable “choke” species could unnecessarily restrict fishing on other species. We find that the adaptive management explicit in the RTI-system can cope with various forms of tactical fisher behaviour, even misreporting, and that the system responds in a coherent and understandable way. We show that RTI-management can to a large extent overcome the classical mixed-fisheries problem, 2 since the fishing mortality of a “choke” species can be controlled while simultaneously allowing fishing opportunity for other species. We discuss our findings as a first step of explorations needed towards testing the RTI-system in the context of its practical implementation.
Quaternionic quantum harmonic oscillator
Creators: name: Giardino, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we obtained the harmonic oscillator solution for quaternionic quantum mechanics ($\mathbbm{H}$QM) in the real Hilbert space, both in the analytic method and in the algebraic method. The quaternionic solutions have many additional possibilities if compared to complex quantum mechanics ($\mathbbm{C}$QM), and thus there are many possible applications to these results in future research.
description: Accept by Eur. Phys. J. Plus
Relativistic free-motion time-of-arrival
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-Yong
name: Xiong, Cai-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic free-motion time-of-arrival theory for massive spin-1/2 particles is systematically developed. Contrary to the nonrelativistic time-of-arrival operator studied thoroughly in previous literatures, the relativistic time-of-arrival operator possesses self-adjoint extensions because of the particle-antiparticle symmetry. The nonrelativistic limit of our theory is in agreement with the nonrelativistic time-of-arrival theory. By comparing the time-of-arrival operator with the Hamiltonian operator of a free Dirac particle, one can show a duality between position space and momentum space.
description: 16 pages, no figure. Revised version
Electrothermal equivalent three-dimensional Finite Element Model of a single neuron
Creators: name: Cinelli, Ilaria
name: Destrade, Michel
name: Duffy, Maeve
name: McHugh, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Objective: We propose a novel approach for modelling the inter-dependence of electrical and mechanical phenomena in nervous cells, by using electro-thermal equivalences in finite element (FE) analysis so that existing thermo-mechanical tools can be applied. Methods: First, the equivalence between electrical and thermal properties of the nerve materials is established, and results of a pure heat conduction analysis performed in Abaqus CAE Software 6.13-3 are validated with analytical solutions for a range of steady and transient conditions. This validation includes the definition of equivalent active membrane properties that enable prediction of the action potential. Then, as a step towards fully coupled models, electromechanical coupling is implemented through the definition of equivalent piezoelectric properties of the nerve membrane using the thermal expansion coefficient, enabling prediction of the mechanical response of the nerve to the action potential. Results: Results of the coupled electro-mechanical model are validated with previously published experimental results of deformation for the squid giant axon, crab nerve fibre and garfish olfactory nerve fibre. Conclusion: A simplified coupled electro-mechanical modelling approach is established through an electro-thermal equivalent FE model of a nervous cell for biomedical applications. Significance: One of the key findings is the mechanical characterization of the neural activity in a coupled electro-mechanical domain, which provides insights into the electromechanical behaviour of nervous cells, such as thinning of the membrane. This is a first step towards modelling 3D electromechanical alteration induced by trauma at nerve bundle, tissue and organ levels.
Attention-based Saliency Hashing for Ophthalmic Image Retrieval
Creators: name: Fang, Jiansheng
name: Xu, Yanwu
name: Zhang, Xiaoqing
name: Hu, Yan
name: Liu, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep hashing methods have been proved to be effective for the large-scale medical image search assisting reference-based diagnosis for clinicians. However, when the salient region plays a maximal discriminative role in ophthalmic image, existing deep hashing methods do not fully exploit the learning ability of the deep network to capture the features of salient regions pointedly. The different grades or classes of ophthalmic images may be share similar overall performance but have subtle differences that can be differentiated by mining salient regions. To address this issue, we propose a novel end-to-end network, named Attention-based Saliency Hashing (ASH), for learning compact hash-code to represent ophthalmic images. ASH embeds a spatial-attention module to focus more on the representation of salient regions and highlights their essential role in differentiating ophthalmic images. Benefiting from the spatial-attention module, the information of salient regions can be mapped into the hash-code for similarity calculation. In the training stage, we input the image pairs to share the weights of the network, and a pairwise loss is designed to maximize the discriminability of the hash-code. In the retrieval stage, ASH obtains the hash-code by inputting an image with an end-to-end manner, then the hash-code is used to similarity calculation to return the most similar images. Extensive experiments on two different modalities of ophthalmic image datasets demonstrate that the proposed ASH can further improve the retrieval performance compared to the state-of-the-art deep hashing methods due to the huge contributions of the spatial-attention module.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, BIBM2020 conference
Interplay of Pairing Correlation and Coulomb Correlation in Boson Exchange Superconductors
Creators: name: Mandal, Koushik
name: Chaudhury, Ranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical methodology for exploring the conventional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) pairing instability for superconductivity from a correlated normal phase for all possible degrees of many-body correlation, has been developed. The Gutzwiller projection scheme with a correlation parameter was made use of in generating the BCS pairing state. A variational scheme was thereafter implemented, leading to a self-consistent equation for superconducting gap function. This equation shows explicit dependence of the gap function on the many body correlation parameter. This `pairing-gap' and the corresponding self-consistent gap equation in zero correlation limit, becomes identical in nature with those of the pure (1-well) BCS formalism, as expected and the Coulomb correlation affects the pairing significantly with the strength of correlation. The detailed consequences are being presented here.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Mixture toxicity, cumulative risk, and environmental justice in United States federal policy, 1980–2016
Creators: name: Hunt Sprinkle, Robert
name: Payne-Sturges, Devon C.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2021
Subjects: Mixture toxicity
Cumulative risk
Environmental justice
Environmental Protection Agency
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Pesticides
Herbicides

description: Toxic chemicals — “toxicants” — have been studied and regulated as single entities, and, carcinogens aside, almost all toxicants, single or mixed and however altered, have been thought harmless in very low doses or very weak concentrations. Yet much work in recent decades has shown that toxicants can injure wildlife, laboratory animals, and humans following exposures previously expected to be harmless. Additional work has shown that toxicants can act not only individually and cumulatively but also collectively and even synergistically and that they affect disadvantaged communities inordinately — and therefore, as argued by reformers, unjustly. As late as December 2016, the last full month before the inauguration of a president promising to rescind major environmental regulations, the United States federal environmental-health establishment, as led by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), had not developed coherent strategies to mitigate such risks, to alert the public to their plausibility, or to advise leadership in government and industry about their implications. To understand why, we examined archival materials, reviewed online databases, read internal industry communications, and interviewed experts. We confirmed that external constraints, statutory and judicial, had been in place prior to EPA’s earliest interest in mixture toxicity, but we found no overt effort, certainly no successful effort, to loosen those constraints. We also found internal constraints: concerns that fully committing to the study of complex mixtures involving numerous toxicants would lead to methodological drift within the toxicological community and that trying to act on insights from such study could lead only to regulatory futility. Interaction of these constraints, external and internal, shielded the EPA by circumscribing its responsibilities and by impeding movement toward paradigmatic adjustment, but it also perpetuated scientifically dubious policies, such as those limiting the evaluation of commercial chemical formulations, including pesticide formulations, to only those ingredients said by their manufacturers to be active. In this context, regulators’ disregard of synergism contrasted irreconcilably with biocide manufacturers’ understanding that synergism enhanced lethality and patentability. In the end, an effective national response to mixture toxicity, cumulative risk, and environmental injustice did not emerge. In parallel, though, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, which was less constrained, pursued with scientific investigation what the EPA had not pursued with regulatory action.
The spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid
Creators: name: Fiete, Gregory A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrast to the well known Fermi liquid theory of three dimensions, interacting one-dimensional and quasi one-dimensional systems of fermions are described at low energy by an effective theory known as Luttinger liquid theory. This theory is expressed in terms of collective many-body excitations that show exotic behavior such as spin-charge separation. Luttinger liquid theory is commonly applied on the premise that "low energy" describes both the spin and charge sectors. However, when the interactions in the system are very strong, as they typically are at low particle densities, the ratio of spin to charge energy may become exponentially small. It is then possible at very low temperatures for the energy to be low compared to the characteristic charge energy, but still high compared to the characteristic spin energy. This energy window of near ground-state charge degrees of freedom, but highly thermally excited spin degrees of freedom is called a spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid. The spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid exhibits a higher degree universality than the Luttinger liquid and its properties are qualitatively distinct. In this colloquium I detail some of the recent theoretical developments in the field and describe experimental indications of such a regime in gated semiconductor quantum wires.
description: 21 pages, 18 figures. Updated references, corrected typo in Eq.(20) in journal version
X-ray Spectral and timing properties of the black hole x-ray transient Swift J1753.5-0127
Creators: name: Zhang, Guobao
name: Qu, Jinlu
name: Zhang, Shu
name: Zhang, Chengmin
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Chen, Wei
name: Song, Liming
name: Yang, Shiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out detailed analysis on the black hole candidate (BHC) X- ray transient Swift J1753.5-0127 observed by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) during its outburst in 2005 {2006. The spectral analysis shows that the emissions are dominated by the hard X-rays, thus revealing the low/hard state of the source during the outburst. The peak luminosity is found lower than the typical value of balancing the mass flow and evaporation of the inner edge of disk (Meyer-Hofmeister 2004). As a result, the disk is prevented from extending inward to produce strong soft X-rays, corresponding to the so-called high/soft state. These are the typical characteristics for a small subset of BHCs, i.e. those soft X-ray transients stay at the low/hard state during the outburst. In most observational time, the QPO frequencies are found to vary roughly linearly with the fluxes and the spectral indices, while the deviation from this relationship at the peak luminosity might provide the first observational evidence of a partially evaporated inner edge of the accretion disk. The anti-correlation between the QPO frequency and spectral color suggests that the global disk oscillation model proposed by Titarchuk & Osherovich (2000) is not likely at work.
description: Accepted by ApJ, 24 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables
Quasi-Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Reactions
Creators: name: Valverde, M.
name: Nieves, J.
name: Amaro, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasi-elastic contribution of the nuclear inclusive electron scattering model developed in A. Gil, J. Nieves, and E. Oset: Nucl. Phys. A 627 (1997) 543; is extended to the study of electroweak Charged Current (CC) induced nuclear reactions at intermediate energies of interest for future neutrino oscillation experiments. The model accounts for long range nuclear (RPA) correlations, Final State Interaction and Coulomb corrections. RPA correlations are shown to play a crucial role in the whole range of neutrino energies, up to 500 MeV, studied in this work. Predictions for inclusive muon capture for different nuclei, and for the reactions $^{12}$C$(ν_μ,μ^-)X$ and $^{12}$C$(ν_e,e^-)X$ near threshold are also given.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures; To appear in the proceedings of Medex'05 Meeting (Corfu, Greece September 2005) (Czech. J. Phys.)
title: Child Labour in Sub-Saharan Africa: Empirical Evidence and New Perspectives
Creators: name: Frempong, Raymond Boadi
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agricultural subsidies
subject: child labour
subject: food prices
subject: Malawi
subject: Uganda
subject: sub-Sharan Africa
subject: 330

description: The eradication of child labour will enhance human capital development and pro vide a means for sustainable development for the affected countries. However, child labour has persisted despite a significant reduction in monetary poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. The thesis uses econometric techniques to answer three re search questions on why the problem persists. First, I study the effect of changes in food prices on child labour. In the second empirical chapter, the thesis examines how agricultural subsidies affect child labour. This chapter is motivated by the widespread use of input subsidies to mitigate the effects of higher food prices on households. The last empirical chapter analyses the effect of relative deprivation on child labour. That chapter extends earlier findings that changes in food prices and the distribution of subsidised inputs affect subjective well-being. The main findings of the study are: (i) an increase in food prices leads to an increase in child labour. (ii) child labour is higher among households which benefit from the subsidised inputs, and (iii) relatively deprived households are more likely to engage in child labour. In addition, the study further notes heterogeneities in the observed effects regarding household characteristics. For instance, changes in food prices have lower effect among landowning households. Also, children living in small-scale farm households are more affected by the subsidised inputs than those in large-scale farm households. These results mean that both economic shocks and governments’ policies may explain why the problem has persisted in the sub-region. Based on the findings, the study recommends that policymakers should include labour-saving technologies to the productivity-enhancing inputs to reduce the unintended impact of the programme on child labour. Policy interven tions should also consider the heterogeneity of the effects of food price shocks in order not to worsen its inequality and child labour effects.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИИ
Creators: name: Тухтабоева, Муслима
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Языковая экономия относится к принципам и стратегиям, которые говорящие и пишущие используют для эффективной передачи информации при минимальных языковых ресурсах. Эта концепция охватывает различные практики, включая использование аббревиатур, упрощений и контекстуально зависимых выражений. Сокращая сложность языка, люди могут повысить эффективность коммуникации, что особенно важно в условиях быстрого темпа жизни. Понимание принципов языковой экономии может улучшить изучение языка и коммуникативные навыки, делая взаимодействия более продуктивными и адаптивными к современным потребностям общества. Этот обзор исследует ключевые аспекты языковой экономии, её проявления в разных языках и её актуальность в современных контекстах общения.
Η Επίδραση των Λειτουργιών των Μεγάλων Αστικών Κέντρων στην Περιαστική Αγροτική Ζώνη: Η Περίπτωση της Θεσσαλονίκης [1991-2001]:
Creators: name: Παζαράς, Νικόλαος Παναγιώτη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2011
Subjects: Περιαστική Γεωργία
Αστική Εξάπλωση
Σχέσεις Πόλης - Ύπαίθρου
Suburban Rural
Urban Sprawl
Relationship between Town and Country

description: Πριν μερικές δεκαετίες, ο διαχωρισμός μεταξύ του αγροτικού χώρου και των αστικών κέντρων ήταν αυστηρά καθορισμένος, με σαφή όρια και χαρακτηριστικά για κάθε έναν από αυτούς. Στις μέρες μας, αυτός ο κατακερματισμός του χώρου τείνει να εξαλειφθεί, εξαιτίας των πιέσεων που ασκούν τα μεγάλα αστικά κέντρα, σε διάφορα επίπεδα, οικονομικό, κοινωνικό και πολιτισμικό. Οι περιοχές που δέχονται πρώτες τις αλλαγές αυτές και σε μεγαλύτερη ένταση είναι οι περιαστικές αγροτικές περιοχές οι οποίες, γειτνιάζουν με την πόλη. Η παρούσα εργασία εξετάζει τις επιδράσεις του αστικού κέντρου πάνω στα χαρακτηριστικά των αγροτικών εκμεταλλεύσεων, τον αγροτικό πληθυσμό και την οικοδομική δραστηριότητα σε περιαστικές αγροτικές περιοχές. Ξεκινώντας από την θεωρία χωροθέτησης των αγροτικών δραστηριοτήτων του von Thϋnen και άλλα μοντέλα, γίνεται μια προσπάθεια κατανόησης των σημερινών αλλαγών μέσα από μία μελέτη περίπτωσης που αφορά το αστικό κέντρο της Θεσσαλονίκης και την περιαστική του ζώνη, κατά το χρονικό διάστημα 1991-2001.
description: Before certain decades, the segregation between the rural space and the urban centres was strictly determined with explicit limits and characteristics for each one from them. In our days, this breaking to pieces of space tends it is eliminated, because of the pressures that practice the big urban centres, in various levels, economic, social and cultural. The regions that accept this first changes and in bigger intensity are the suburban rural regions that, abut with the city. The present work examines the effects of urban centre on the characteristics of rural exploitations, the rural population and the building activity in suburban rural regions. Beginning from the theory of arrangement of rural activities of von Thϋnen and other models, it becomes a effort of comprehension of current changes through a study of case where it concerns the urban centre of Thessaloniki and his suburban area, at time space 1991-2001.
Neutral vortex necklace in a trapped planar superfluid
Creators: name: Cawte, M. M.
name: Reeves, M. T.
name: Bradley, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum vortex states consisting of a ring of vortices with alternating sign, in a homogeneous superfluid confined to a circular domain. We find an exact stationary solution of the point vortex model for the neutral vortex necklace. We investigate the stability of the necklace state within both the point-vortex model and the Gross-Pitaevskii equation describing a trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensate at low temperature. The point-vortex stationary states are found to also be stationary states of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation provided the finite thickness of the outer fluid boundary is accounted for. Under significant perturbation, the Gross-Pitaevskii evolution and point-vortex model exhibit instability as expected for metastable states. The perturbed vortex necklace exhibits sensitivity to the perturbation, suggesting a route to seeding vortex chaos or quantum turbulence.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, JLTP format, comments welcome
An Empirical Survey of Unsupervised Text Representation Methods on Twitter Data
Creators: name: Wang, Lili
name: Gao, Chongyang
name: Wei, Jason
name: Ma, Weicheng
name: Liu, Ruibo
name: Vosoughi, Soroush
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The field of NLP has seen unprecedented achievements in recent years. Most notably, with the advent of large-scale pre-trained Transformer-based language models, such as BERT, there has been a noticeable improvement in text representation. It is, however, unclear whether these improvements translate to noisy user-generated text, such as tweets. In this paper, we present an experimental survey of a wide range of well-known text representation techniques for the task of text clustering on noisy Twitter data. Our results indicate that the more advanced models do not necessarily work best on tweets and that more exploration in this area is needed.
description: In proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text (W-NUT) at EMNLP 2020
title: Rule-based fuzzy cognitive maps: A tool for modeling qualitative information
Creators: name: Wise, Laura
name: Carvalho, Joao P.
name: Murta, Alberto Guerreiro
Publisher: name: ASC 2013 - Theme session C
Year: 2024
Subjects: The sea and human culture and societies
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. As the scientific community and managers become more aware of the need to understand fishermens’ response to new management strategies or economic and ecological changes, there is a growing need to develop models that describe human decision-making processes and tools that are able to simulate the possible outcomes of alternative scenarios. This paper introduces Rule-Based Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (RB-FCM) as a tool to model and simulate these complex systems dynamics. We summarize how this type of fuzzy knowledge-based models are developed and describe the building blocks of RB-FCM. For demonstration purposes, we provide an example of how to design and implement a RBFCM that can be used for the simulation and management of a marine ecosystem.
Τα συστήματα μεταφοράς στα μικρά νησιά. Η περίπτωση της Καλύμνου
Creators: name: Δανάκης, Δημήτριος Ιωάννης
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2011
Subjects: Συστήματα μεταφοράς
Κάλυμνος
Συγκοινωνιακή εξυπηρέτηση
Transportation systems
Kalymnos
Transportation service

description: Κύρια προϋπόθεση για την ανάπτυξη μιας περιοχής είναι η δημιουργία ενός λειτουργικά ορθού Συστήματος Μεταφορών που θα εξασφαλίζει την απρόσκοπτη μετακίνηση προσώπων και αγαθών σε τοπικούς και υπερτοπικούς προορισμούς, ενώ ταυτόχρονα θα επιτυγχάνει και τη βέλτιστη αξιοποίηση των χρήσεων γης. Αντικείμενο της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η μελέτη των συστημάτων μεταφοράς σε μικρά και ‘απομονωμένα’ νησιά και του τρόπου με τον οποίο εξυπηρετούνται με στόχο την περιγραφή των ιδιαίτερων χαρακτηριστικών του, τον εντοπισμό προβλημάτων και τη διατύπωση προτάσεων βελτίωσής τους. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, εξετάζεται η περίπτωση της Καλύμνου που αποτελεί χαρακτηριστικό παράδειγμα απομακρυσμένου νησιού. Αεροπορικές, θαλάσσιες και οδικές μεταφορές προσώπων και αγαθών εξετάζονται αναλυτικά και εξάγονται τα ανάλογα συμπεράσματα με τη βοήθεια τόσο των προσωπικών συνομιλιών όσο και των τηλεφωνικών συνεντεύξεων. Η επίσκεψη και παραμονή στο νησί για τέσσερις (4) ημέρες είχε ως αποτέλεσμα τη δυνατότητα να σχηματιστεί αποκρυσταλλωμένη άποψη για τις μεταφορές σε τοπικό επίπεδο, γεγονός που έκανε πιο εύκολο το έργο συλλογής και επεξεργασίας των στοιχείων. Τέλος, μέσω της αξιολόγησης όλων των παραπάνω στοιχείων, γίνεται μια προσπάθεια εντοπισμού των κύριων προβλημάτων και διατυπώνονται προτάσεις για τις προοπτικές ανάπτυξης τέτοιων περιοχών και τη βελτίωση του Συστήματος Μεταφορών.
description: An important precondition for the development of a region is the creation of an operationally correct Transport System, which would ensure the easiest transfer of people and goods to local and trans-local destinations. Simultaneously it should achieve the best utilization of land uses. The purpose of this Thesis is the study of transport systems to small and ‘isolated’ islands and the way are being served to describe the characteristics, Identify problems and make suggestions for improvement. More specifically, it is considering the case of Kalymnos exemplifies remote island. Air transport, maritime transport and road transport of passengers and goods are examined in detail and drew the appropriate conclusions using both personal conversations and telephone interviews. The visit and stay on the island for four (4) days resulted in the ability to form a crystallized view of transport at local level, which made easier the task of collecting and processing data. Finally, by evaluating all of the above, is an attempt to identify the main problems and make proposals for the development prospects of these areas and improve the transport system.
Additional file 2 of Clinical impact of cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with suspected coronary artery disease associated with chronic kidney disease (AQUAMARINE-CKD study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Noguchi, Teruo
name: Ota, Hideki
name: Matsumoto, Naoya
name: Morita, Yoshiaki
name: Oshita, Akira
name: Kawasaki, Eiji
name: Kawasaki, Tomohiro
name: Moriwaki, Kensuke
name: Kato, Shingo
name: Fukui, Kazuki
name: Hoshi, Tomoya
name: Watabe, Hiroaki
name: Kanaya, Tomoaki
name: Asaumi, Yasuhide
name: Kataoka, Yu
name: Otsuka, Fumiyuki
name: Takagi, Kensuke
name: Yoneda, Shuichi
name: Sawada, Kenichiro
name: Iwai, Takamasa
name: Matama, Hideo
name: Honda, Satoshi
name: Fujino, Masashi
name: Miura, Hiroyuki
name: Nishimura, Kunihiro
name: Takase, Kei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Marine Biology
Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Standardized protocol for non-contrast T1-weighted imaging to assess coronary plaques: recommended protocol for CMR coronary plaque imaging.
title: Influence of shellfish farmer rearing strategies on the carrying capacity of an ecosystem through ecological modelling
Creators: name: Picoche, Coralie
name: Le Gendre, Romain
name: Cugier, Philippe
name: Legendre, Aurélie
name: Maheux, Frank
name: Mary, Charlotte
name: Simon, Benjamin
name: Parrad, Sophie
name: Gangnery, Aline
Publisher: name: ASC 2013 - Theme session C
Year: 2024
Subjects: The sea and human culture and societies
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. Mussel farming sustains a wide range of economic activities in Normandy. The farm number and density have constantly increased since the 1970’s but mussel growth and quality have decreased in the last years.
Wrinkles in the opening angle method
Creators: name: Destrade, Michel
name: Lusetti, Irene
name: Mangan, Robert
name: Sigaeva, Taisiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stability of the deformation modeled by the opening angle method, often used to give a measure of residual stresses in arteries and other biological soft tubular structures. Specifically, we study the influence of stiffness contrast, dimensions and inner pressure on the onset of wrinkles when an open sector of a soft tube, coated with a stiffer film, is bent into a full cylinder. The tube and its coating are made of isotropic, incompressible, hyperelastic materials. We provide a full analytical exposition of the governing equations and the associated boundary value problem for the large deformation and for the superimposed small-amplitude wrinkles. For illustration, we solve them numerically with a robust algorithm in the case of Mooney-Rivlin materials. We confront the results to experimental data that we collected for soft silicone sectors. We study the influence of axial stretch and inner pressure on the stability of closed-up coated tubes with material parameters comparable with those of soft biological tubes such as arteries and veins, although we do not account for anisotropy. We find that the large deformation described in the opening angle method does not always exist, as it can become unstable for certain combinations of dimensions and material parameters.