cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Imaging spectrophotometry of ionized gas in NGC 1068. III. Anisotropic excitation of the large-scale disk by scattering of nuclear continuum
Creators: name: Cecil, G.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Sokolowski, J.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 1991

description: Imaging Fabry-Perot spectrophotometry has revealed a diffuse ionized medium (DIM) pervading the inner 10 kpc of the disk of NGC 1068. These data show that the DIM has high [N II] λ6584/Hα emission-line ratios (from 0.6 to 1.3) over much of the disk, with even higher ratios (from 1.3 to 2.5) near the nucleus and in isolated regions near the radio jet axis. Previous studies find that other low-excitation emission, such as [O II] λ3727 and [S II] λλ6716, 6731, is also high away from the jet axis, while high-excitation emission such as [Ne v] λλ3346, 3426 and He II λ4686 is found only within two diametric sectors of opening angle ∼80°, aligned along the axis. We show that these emission characteristics can be understood in the light of the developing picture of NGC 1068, in which its intrinsic type 1 Seyfert nucleus, concealed by an obscuring medium, is visible only through scattered, polarized light. In this picture the gas excitation is anisotropic, the high-excitation gas along the jet axis being photoionized by direct nuclear continuum, while the lower excitation gas away from the axis sees only indirect nuclear emission scattered into it. We consider in detail, a model of low optical depth (τs = 0.1), near-nuclear Thomson scattering and show that even with moderate dust extinction (E ≤ 0.3 mag kpc-1), this mechanism is sufficient to energize the DIM. This model provides ionization parameters that produce both globally enhanced, low-ionization lines such as [N II] λ6584, [O II] λ3727, and [S II] λλ6716, 6731 and high-excitation emission such as [Ne v] λλ3346, 3426 and He II λ4686 confined to the two diametric sectors along the radio axis. These Fabry-Perot data require a flux of ionizing photons far larger than those produced by dust-scattering models using standard grain compositions and size distributions. We therefore favor electrons as the dominant source of scattering of the nuclear ionizing radiation.
Spectral Approaches to Learning Predictive Representations
Creators: name: Boots, Byron
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170203 Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: A central problem in artificial intelligence is to choose actions to maximize reward in a partially observable, uncertain environment. To do so, we must obtain an accurate environment model, and then plan to maximize reward. However, for complex domains, specifying a model by hand can be a time consuming process. This motivates an alternative approach: learning a model directly from observations. Unfortunately, learning algorithms often recover a model that is too inaccurate to support planning or too large and complex for planning to succeed; or, they require excessive prior domain knowledge or fail to provide guarantees such as statistical consistency. To address this gap, we propose spectral subspace identification algorithms which provably learn compact, accurate, predictive models of partially observable dynamical systems directly from sequences of action-observation pairs. Our research agenda includes several variations of this general approach: spectral methods for classical models like Kalman filters and hidden Markov models, batch algorithms and online algorithms, and kernel-based algorithms for learning models in high- and infinite-dimensional feature spaces. All of these approaches share a common framework: the model’s belief space is represented as predictions of observable quantities and spectral algorithms are applied to learn the model parameters. Unlike the popular EM algorithm, spectral learning algorithms are statistically consistent, computationally efficient, and easy to implement using established matrixalgebra techniques. We evaluate our learning algorithms on a series of prediction and planning tasks involving simulated data and real robotic systems.
Cybersecurity Dynamics
Creators: name: Xu, Shouhuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We explore the emerging field of {\em Cybersecurity Dynamics}, a candidate foundation for the Science of Cybersecurity.
description: 2 pages
Constraints for precise and accurate fluid inclusion stable isotope analysis using water-vapour saturated CRDS techniques
Creators: name: Weissbach, Therese
name: Kluge, Tobias
name: Affolter, Stéphane
name: Leuenberger, Markus C.
name: Vonhof, Hubert
name: Riechelmann, Dana F. C.
name: Fohlmeister, Jens
name: Juhl, Marie-Christin
name: Hemmer, Benedikt
name: Wu, Yao
name: Warken, Sophie F.
name: Schmidt, Martina
name: Frank, Norbert
name: Aeschbach, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrogen ($δ$2H) and oxygen ($δ$18O) isotopes of water extracted from speleothem fluid inclusions are important proxies used for paleoclimate reconstruction. In our study we use a cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy system for analysis and modified the approach of Affolter et al. (2014) for sample extraction. The method is based on crushing of small sub-gram speleothem samples in a heated and continuously water-vapour purged extraction line. The following points were identified: Injection of reference water shows a precision (1$σ$) of 0.4-0.5 permil for $δ$18O values and 1.1-1.9 permil for $δ$2H values for water amounts of 0.1-0.5 $μ$l, which improves with increasing water amount to 0.1-0.3 permil and 0.2-0.7 permil, respectively, above 1 $μ$l. The accuracy of measurements of water injections and water-filled glass capillaries crushed in the system is better than 0.08 permil for $δ$18O and 0.3 permil for $δ$2H values. The reproducibility (1$σ$) based on replicate analysis of speleothem fluid inclusion samples with water amounts > 0.2 $μ$l is 0.5 permil for $δ$18O and 1.2 permil for $δ$2H values, respectively. Isotopic differences between the water vapour background of the extraction system and the fluid inclusions have no significant impact on the measured fluid inclusion isotope values if they are within 10 permil for $δ$18O and 50 permil for $δ$2H values of the background. Tests of potential adsorption effects with inclusion free spar calcite confirm that the isotope values are unaffected by adsorption for water contents of about 1 $μ$l (fluid inclusion) water per g of carbonate or above. Fluid inclusion analysis on three different modern to late Holocene speleothems from caves in northwest Germany resulted ...
GASP XXXIX: MeerKAT hunts Jellyfish in A2626
Creators: name: Deb, Tirna
name: Verheijen, Marc A. W.
name: Poggianti, Bianca M.
name: Moretti, Alessia
name: van der Hulst, J. M.
name: Vulcani, Benedetta
name: Ramatsoku, Mpati
name: Serra, Paolo
name: Healy, Julia
name: Gullieuszik, Marco
name: Bacchini, Cecilia
name: Ignesti, Alessandro
name: Müller, Ancla
name: Zabel, Nikki
name: Luber, Nicholas
name: Jaffé, Yara L.
name: Gitti, Myriam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present MeerKAT HI observations of six jellyfish candidate galaxies (JFCGs) in the galaxy cluster, A2626. Two of the six galaxies JW100 and JW103, that were identified as JFCGs from B-band images, are confirmed as jellyfish galaxies (JFGs). Both of the JFGs have low HI content, reside in the cluster core, and move at very high velocities ($\sim$ 3$σ_{cl}$). The other JFCGs, identified as non-jellyfish galaxies, are HI rich, with HI morphologies revealing warps, asymmetries, and possible tidal interactions. Both the A2626 JFGs and three other confirmed JFGs from the GASP sample show that these galaxies are HI stripped but not yet quenched. We detect HI, Halpha, and CO tails of similar extent ($\sim$ 50 kpc) in JW100. Comparing the multi-phase velocity channels, we do not detect any HI or CO emission in the northern section of the tail where Halpha emission is present, possibly due to prolonged interaction between the stripped gas and the ICM. We also observe an anti-correlation between HI and CO, which hints at an efficient conversion of HI to H2 in the southern part of the tail. We find that both RPS and HI-to-H2 conversion are significant depletion channels for atomic gas. HI-to-H2 conversion is more efficient in the disc than in the tail.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of A systematic review of immune-based interventions for perinatal neuroprotection: closing the gap between animal studies and human trials
Creators: name: Kelly, Sharmony B.
name: Tran, Nhi T.
name: Polglase, Graeme R.
name: Hunt, Rodney W.
name: Nold, Marcel F.
name: Nold-Petry, Claudia A.
name: Olson, David M.
name: Chemtob, Sylvain
name: Lodygensky, Gregory A.
name: Robertson, Sarah A.
name: Gunn, Alistair J.
name: Galinsky, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary table 1.
Study of clustering structures through breakup reactions
Creators: name: Capel, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models for the description of breakup reactions used to study the structure of exotic cluster structures like halos are reviewed. The sensitivity of these models to the projectile description is presented. Calculations are sensitive to the projectile ground state mostly through its asymptotic normalisation coefficient (ANC). They also probe the continuum of the projectile. This enables studying not only the bound states of the projectile but also its continuum, both resonant and non-resonant. This opens the possibility to study correlations between both halo neutrons in two-neutron halo nuclei.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of the 3rd international Workshop on "State of the Art in Nuclear Cluster Physics" (SotANCP, 26-30 May 2014, Yolohama, Japan). 7 pages, 6 figures
Hamiltonian of a many-electron system with single-electron and electron-pair states in a two-dimensional periodic potential
Creators: name: Hai, G. -Q.
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the metastable electron-pair energy band in a two-dimensional (2D) periodic potential obtained previously by Hai and Castelano [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26, 115502 (2014)], we present in this work a Hamiltonian of many electrons consisting of single electrons and electron pairs in the 2D system. The electron-pair states are metastable of energies higher than those of the single-electron states at low electron density. We assume two different scenarios for the single-electron band. When it is considered as the lowest conduction band of a crystal, we compare the obtained Hamiltonian with the phenomenological model Hamiltonian of a boson-fermion mixture proposed by Friedberg and Lee [Phys. Rev. B 40, 6745 (1989)]. Single-electron-electron-pair and electron-pair-electron-pair interaction terms appear in our Hamiltonian and the interaction potentials can be determined from the electron-electron Coulomb interactions. When we consider the single-electron band as the highest valence band of a crystal, we show that holes in this valence band are important for stabilization of the electron-pair states in the system.
Additional file 2 of A systematic review of immune-based interventions for perinatal neuroprotection: closing the gap between animal studies and human trials
Creators: name: Kelly, Sharmony B.
name: Tran, Nhi T.
name: Polglase, Graeme R.
name: Hunt, Rodney W.
name: Nold, Marcel F.
name: Nold-Petry, Claudia A.
name: Olson, David M.
name: Chemtob, Sylvain
name: Lodygensky, Gregory A.
name: Robertson, Sarah A.
name: Gunn, Alistair J.
name: Galinsky, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary table 2.
Imaging spectrophotometry of ionized gas in NGC 1068. II. Global ionization of the inner disk
Creators: name: Cecil, G.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Sokolowski, J.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 1991

description: Spectrophotometric observations with the Hawaii Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer (HIFI) of the Hα and [N II] λλ6548, 6584 lines has detected a diffuse ionized medium (DIM) pervading the inner ∼10 kpc diameter disk of the nearby, luminous Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068. The physics and dynamics of this energetic gas are distinct from the population of adjacent disk H II regions which have line intensity ratios [N II] λ6584/ Hα < 0.5, equivalent widths of Hα ≈ 15-100 Å, and [N II] λ6584 line widths ∼100 km s-1 FWHM. The DIM exhibits broader lines (150-250 km s-1 FWHM) than the H II regions which suggests an exponential scale height of at least ∼400 pc, compared with ∼50 pc for the cold neutral phase. The DIM is characterized by strong [N II] λ6584 emission (3.0 × 1041 ergs s-1) when compared to Hα (1.2 × 1041 ergs s-1), with [N II] λ6584/Hα ∼ 1 throughout and reaching 2-3 NE and SW along the radio axis. Because the chemical abundances throughout the inner disk are known to be approximately solar and we have corrected for Balmer absorption by the underlying stellar population, the extent of the high [N II] λ6584/Hα gas and, for a filling factor φ, the associated cooling time (≈2 × 105 φ0.5 yr) indicate substantial excitation of the DIM. We discuss heating by the Seyfert nucleus and the extended starburst region because these regions share the bolometric luminosity.
Scaling Moore’s Wall: Existing Institutions and the End of a Technology Paradigm
Creators: name: Khan, Hassan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: This dissertation is an historical and evaluative study of the semiconductor industry as it approaches the end of the silicon integrated-circuit paradigm. For nearly 60 years, semiconductor technology has been defined by rapid rates of progress and concomitant decreases in costs-perfunction made possible by the extendibility of the silicon integrated-circuit. The stability of this technological paradigm has not only driven the transformation of the global economy but also deeply shaped scholars’ understanding of technological change. This study addresses the nature of technological change at the end of a paradigm and examines the role and capability of different institutions in shaping directions and responding to challenges during this period. This study first provides theoretical and historical context for the phenomenon under consideration. In order to place the dynamics of an industry at the end of a technology paradigm into proper context, particular attention is given to the semiconductor industry’s history of failed proclamations of impending limits. The examination of previous episodes of technological uncertainty and the development of institutions to respond to those episodes is used to illustrate the industry’s departure from previous modes of technological and institutional evolution. The overall findings suggest that existing institutions may not be capable of addressing the semiconductor industry’s looming technological discontinuity. Despite the creation of an entirely new institution, the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative, specifically oriented toward the end of Moore’s Law the industry, government agencies, and the scientific community writ large have been unable to find a successor to the silicon CMOS transistor to date. At the terminus of this dissertation, research toward new computing technologies remains ongoing with considerable scientific, technological, and market uncertainty over future technology directions.
D6.6 - V2 Large Scale Pilot implementation strategy and validation plan
Creators: name: ENGIE
name: VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Implementation
Validation
Pilots
KPIs

description: The present document is the second version of the deliverable describing the work carried out within the Task 6.1. Considering the business cases defined in WP1 and the specificities of each pilot site, this task defines the detailed implementation and validation plan for each LSP, where specific reference implementations of the PLATOON architecture will be instantiated, and specific data analytical tools will be demonstrated on each local site and within the local context. An implementation plan is drafted for each
 location to break the strategy into identifiable steps that will ensure a timely start and completion of each pilot activity. A common framework is initially defined and then used across all locations.
 An initial monitoring plan and set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) is identified as part of the Validation Plan, and during this
 task the baselines values will be clearly measured. The validation plan has a specific chapter for the validation of each
 component of the PLATOON architecture, with special emphasis on the interoperability, governance and data security components, Edge Computing and Real Time Processing solutions or Big Data Collection (if applies to pilots), as well as the features of the Data
 Analytics Toolbox.
An uncountable set of tiling spaces with distinct cohomology
Creators: name: Rust, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We generalise the notion of a Barge-Diamond complex, in the one-dimensional case, to a mixed system of tiling substitutions. This gives a way of describing the associated tiling space as an inverse limit of Barge-Diamond complexes. We give an effective method for calculating the Čech cohomology of the tiling space via an exact sequence relating the associated sequence of substitution matrices and certain subcomplexes appearing in the approximants. As an application, we show that there exists a system of three substitutions on two letters which exhibit an uncountable collection of minimal tiling spaces with distinct isomorphism classes of Čech cohomology.
description: 22 pages
Spatial, Temporal and Spatio-Temporal Correspondence for Computer Vision Problems
Creators: name: Zhou, Feng
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many computer vision problems, such as object classification, motion estimation or shape registration rely on solving the correspondence problem. Existing algorithms to solve spatial or temporal correspondence problems are usually NP-hard, difficult to approximate, lack flexible models and mechanism for feature weighting. This proposal addresses the correspondence problem in computer vision, and proposes two new spatio-temporal correspondence problems and three algorithms to solve spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal matching between video and other sources. The main contributions of the thesis are: (1) Factorial graph matching (FGM). FGM extends existing work on graph matching (GM) by finding an exact factorization of the affinity matrix. Four are the benefits that follow from this factorization: (a) There is no need to compute the costly (in space and time) pairwise affinity matrix; (b) It provides a unified framework
that reveals commonalities and differences between GM methods. Moreover, the
factorization provides a clean connection with other matching algorithms such as
iterative closest point; (c) The factorization allows the use of a path-following optimization algorithm, that leads to improved optimization strategies and matching
performance; (d) Given the factorization, it becomes straight-forward to incorporate geometric transformations (rigid and non-rigid) to the GM problem.
(2) Canonical time warping (CTW). CTW is a technique to temporally align
multiple multi-dimensional and multi-modal time series. CTW extends DTW by
incorporating a feature weighting layer to adapt different modalities, allowing a more flexible warping as combination of monotonic functions, and has linear complexity (unlike DTW that has quadratic). We applied CTW to align human motion captured with different sensors (e.g., audio, video, accelerometers).
(3) Spatio-temporal matching (STM). Given a video and a 3D motion capture
model, STM finds the correspondence between subsets of video trajectories and the motion capture model. STM is efficiently and robustly solved using linear programming. We illustrate the performance of STM on the problem of human detection in video, and show how STM achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Addressing Cosmological Tensions by Non-Local Gravity
Creators: name: Bouchè, Filippo
name: Capozziello, Salvatore
name: Salzano, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alternative cosmological models have been under deep scrutiny in recent years, aiming to address the main shortcomings of the $Λ$CDM model. Moreover, as the accuracy of cosmological surveys improved, new tensions have risen between the model-dependent analysis of the Cosmic Microwave Background and lower redshift probes. Within this framework, we review two quantum-inspired non-locally extended theories of gravity, whose main cosmological feature is a geometrically driven accelerated expansion. The models are especially investigated in light of the Hubble and growth tension, and promising features emerge for the Deser--Woodard one. On the one hand, the cosmological analysis of the phenomenological formulation of the model shows a lowered growth of structures but an equivalent background with respect to $Λ$CDM. On the other hand, the study of the lensing features at the galaxy cluster scale of a new formulation of non-local cosmology, based on Noether symmetries, makes room for the possibility of alleviating both the $H_0$ and $σ_8$ tension. However, the urgent need for a screening mechanism arises for this non-local theory of gravity.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures. Published in Universe as part of the Special Issue "Modified Gravity Approaches to the Tensions of {\Lambda}CDM"
Static friction scaling of physisorbed islands: the key is in the edge
Creators: name: Varini, Nicola
name: Vanossi, Andrea
name: Guerra, Roberto
name: Mandelli, Davide
name: Capozza, Rosario
name: Tosatti, Erio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The static friction preventing the free sliding of nanosized rare gas solid islands physisorbed on incommensurate crystalline surfaces is not completely understood. Simulations modeled on Kr/Pb(111) highlights the importance and the scaling behavior of the island's edge contribution to static friction.
description: Nanoscale 2014
Faisabilité du SIG d'alimentation en eau pour FCC au point LHC Pt8
Creators: name: Buri, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Cette note technique des Services Industriels de Genève démontre la faisabilité de l'approvisionnement en eau pour FCC au point LHC Pt8 à Ferney-Voltiare et les opportunités de synergies dans le secteur Presinge/Choulex.
Geometrical aspects of relativistic nuclear collisions
Creators: name: Das Gupta, S.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Myers, W.D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1980

description: The geometrical common to many nuclear collisional models is reformulated to permit analytical calculation of experimental observables. Nuclear diffuseness is easily incorporated. As an application, the firestreak model is used to explore the effect of diffuseness on triton and deuteron spectra in relativistic heavy ion collisions. In light colliding systems, the peripheral regions contain insufficient nuclear material to form composites, and must be excluded. The density cutoff obtained for C on C at 800 MeV/A yields a minimum tube cross section of 3.8 fm2, consistent with the nucleon-nucleon cross section. NUCLEAR REACTIONS Relativistic nuclear collisions; nuclear diffuseness; firestreak; calculated differential cross sections of d, t; comparisons with experiment.
Additional file 3 of Unveiling microbial diversity in deep geothermal fluids, from current knowledge and analogous environments
Creators: name: Bregnard, Danaé
name: Leins, Alessio
name: Cailleau, Guillaume
name: Vieth-Hillebrand, Andrea
name: Eichinger, Florian
name: Ianotta, Joy
name: Hoffmann, Richard
name: Uhde, Joerg
name: Bindschedler, Saskia
name: Regenspurg, Simona
name: Junier, Pilar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Additional references for table.
Charge multiplicity in relativistic heavy ion collisions: A statistical model approach
Creators: name: Cecil, G.
name: Mekjian, A.
name: Gupta, S.D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1979

description: We use fireball geometry and a statistical model to calculate charged particle associated multiplicity in relativistic heavy ion reactions. General expressions for multiplicity distributions based upon this model are derived. The constraints of charge and baryon number conservation are shown to lead to modified Poisson distributions. The expressions developed are applicable to all nonstrange particles and composites. Comparison is made with existing data. NUCLEAR REACTIONS Relativistic heavy ion collisions; charge multiplicity; Fireball; statistical model.
Global structure and dynamics of slowly rotating accretion flows
Creators: name: Ranjbar, Razieh
name: Mosallanezhad, Amin
name: Abbassi, Shahram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the global solutions of slowly rotating accretion flows around the supermassive black hole in the nucleus of an elliptical galaxy. The velocity of accreted gas surrounding the black hole is initially subsonic and then falls onto the black hole supersonically, so accretion flow must be transonic. We numerically solve equations from the Bondi radius to near the black hole. The focus of our discussion will be on the properties of slightly rotating accretion flows in which radiative losses have been ignored. This study discusses how outer boundary conditions (the temperature and specific angular momentum at the outer boundary) influence accretion flow dynamics. We investigate two physically discontinuous regimes: The Bondi-like type accretion and the Disk-like type accretion. A Bondi-like accretion occurs when the specific angular momentum at the Bondi radius $ \ell_{B} $ is smaller than the specific angular momentum at the marginally stable orbit $ \ell_{ms} $. In comparison, a Disk-like accretion occurs when the specific angular momentum at the Bondi radius $ \ell_{B} $ is larger than the specific angular momentum of the marginally stable orbit $ \ell_{ms} $. We also keep the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium and compare our results with the case in which it is not considered. According to this study, considering the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium reduces the mass accretion rate. Additionally, we find our solution for different ranges of the viscosity parameter $α$. Finally, we study the effect of galaxy potential on slowly rotating accretion flows.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
SDSS IV MaNGA -- Star-Formation Driven Biconical Outflows in Face-On Galaxies
Creators: name: Bizyaev, Dmitry
name: Chen, Yan-Mei
name: Shi, Yong
name: Roy, Namrata
name: Riffel, Rogerio
name: Riffel, Rogemar A.
name: Fernandez-Trincado, Jose G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find 132 face-on and low inclination galaxies with central star formation driven biconical gas outflows (FSFB) in the SDSS MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO) survey. The FSFB galaxies show either double peaked or broadened emission line profiles at their centres. The peak and maximum outflow velocities are 58 and 212 km/s, respectively. The gas velocity dispersion reveals a mild dependence on the central star formation surface density compatible with models of gas dispersion powered by the Jeans instability in gas clumps or by gas turbulence dissipation. We estimate the gas outflow rate and conclude that the central gas depletion time does not depend on galactic mass. In turn, the ratio of the gas outflow rate to the gas consumption rate by the star formation is low in massive galaxies and high in low-mass objects, while the star formation is a more rapid process of the gas consumption. We compare properties of the FSFB galaxies with a control sample of 375 comparison galaxies and find that the FSFB objects have high central concentration of star formation, and also younger central stellar population with respect to their periphery. We analysed the environment of the galaxies and identified nearby satellites and elements of low surface brightness structure. We see that many tidal-enhanced features that can be assigned to early and intermediate stages of galactic interaction are much more frequent in the FSFB galaxies with respect to the comparison sample. We conclude that the gas should be replenished via the accretion from small satellites.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Privacy Considerations for Risk-Based Authentication Systems
Creators: name: Wiefling, Stephan
name: Tolsdorf, Jan
name: Iacono, Luigi Lo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Risk-based authentication (RBA) extends authentication mechanisms to make them more robust against account takeover attacks, such as those using stolen passwords. RBA is recommended by NIST and NCSC to strengthen password-based authentication, and is already used by major online services. Also, users consider RBA to be more usable than two-factor authentication and just as secure. However, users currently obtain RBA's high security and usability benefits at the cost of exposing potentially sensitive personal data (e.g., IP address or browser information). This conflicts with user privacy and requires to consider user rights regarding the processing of personal data. We outline potential privacy challenges regarding different attacker models and propose improvements to balance privacy in RBA systems. To estimate the properties of the privacy-preserving RBA enhancements in practical environments, we evaluated a subset of them with long-term data from 780 users of a real-world online service. Our results show the potential to increase privacy in RBA solutions. However, it is limited to certain parameters that should guide RBA design to protect privacy. We outline research directions that need to be considered to achieve a widespread adoption of privacy preserving RBA with high user acceptance.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures. Open Access version of a paper published at 2021 International Workshop on Privacy Engineering (IWPE '21)
Dynamical spin structure factor of one-dimensional interacting fermions
Creators: name: Zyuzin, Vladimir A.
name: Maslov, Dmitrii L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the dynamic spin susceptibility, $χ(q,ω)$, of one-dimensional interacting fermions. To second order in the interaction, backscattering results in a logarithmic correction to $χ(q,ω)$ at $q\ll k_F$, even if the single-particle spectrum is linearized near the Fermi points. Consequently, the dynamic spin structure factor, $\mathrm{Im}χ(q,ω)$, is non-zero at frequencies above the single-particle continuum. In the boson language, this effect results from the marginally irrelevant backscattering operator of the sine-Gordon model. Away from the threshold, the high-frequency tail of $\mathrm{Im}χ(q,ω)$ due to backscattering is larger than that due to finite mass by a factor of $k_F/q$. We derive the renormalization group equations for the coupling constants of the $g$-ology model at finite $ω$ and $q$ and find the corresponding expression for $χ(q,ω)$, valid to all orders in the interaction but not in the immediate vicinity of the continuum boundary, where the finite-mass effects become dominant.
Sparse Grid Combination Techniques for Solving High-Dimensional Parabolic Equations with an Application to the LIBOR Market Model
Creators: name: Hausauer, Justin
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this thesis, we consider the use of the sparse grid combination technique with finite difference methods to solve parabolic partial differential equations. Convergence results are obtained in L2 for arbitrary dimensions via Fourier analysis arguments under the assumption that the initial data lies in the Sobolev space H4 mix. Numerical results are presented for model problems and for problems from the field  of option pricing.
Cluster environment quenches the star formation of low-mass satellite galaxies from the inside-out
Creators: name: Wang, Bitao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Environment plays a critical role in the star formation history of galaxies. Tidal and hydrodynamical stripping, prominent in cluster environment, can remove the peripheral gas of galaxies and star formation may thus be environmentally suppressed from the outside-in. We revisit the environmental dependence of the radial gradient of specific star formation rate (sSFR) profile. We probe the radial gradient by using the archival spectral indices D4000n and HdA measured from SDSS fiber spectra, to indicate central sSFR, and the total sSFR from fitting the spectral energy distribution. Despite the low spatial resolution, the wealth of SDSS data allows to disentangle the dependences on stellar mass, sSFR, and environment. We find that low-mass satellite galaxies in the mass range 9 < log M/M_solar < 9.8 on average quench in more inside-out pattern compared to isolated galaxies matched in mass, sSFR, and fiber coverage. This environmental effect is particularly strong for galaxies below the star formation main sequence, and peaks for those in the core of massive clusters where the phase-space diagram reveals clear links between the inside-out quenching and orbital properties. Our results suggest that both tidal and hydrodynamical interactions in cluster environment suppress the star formation of satellites mainly from the inside-out. As accreted gas of low angular momentum from hot gas halos is an important source for replenishing central gas reservoir, we discuss how gas stripping in clusters may lead to starvation and cause inside-out quenching when the outer star-forming discs are not significantly affected.
description: Accepted for publication on MNRAS
The role of bars in AGN feeding
Creators: name: Silva-Lima, Luiz A.
name: Martins, Lucimara P.
name: Coelho, Paula R. T.
name: Gadotti, Dimitri A.
name: Gonçalves, Geraldo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Bars are one of the proposed mechanisms responsible for the transport of angular momentum in spiral galaxies. One of the consequences of the presence of bars would be the removal of angular momentum from the gas, which would result in its migration to the innermost region of a galaxy, creating a reservoir to feed an active galactic nucleus (AGN). In this context, several studies have addressed the bar-AGN connection, but the results of these studies are conflicting. The incompatibility may be related to the different approaches for bar identification and activity detection. In addition, the different spatial and temporal scales involved in bar-driven gas inflows, central black hole accretion, and AGN emission may result in difficulties in establishing a relation between large-scale bars and AGN activity. We revisited the bar-AGN connection in a sample of galaxies from the SDSS where the bar properties were previously estimated with \texttt{BUDDA}. Furthermore, We carry out the activity detection by emission-line diagnosis. Before comparing active and inactive galaxies, we conducted careful sample selection to minimise bias, using propensity score matching. This technique offers an analytical approach to creating control samples based on some object parameters. We found that AGN are preferentially found in barred galaxies. Also, that the accretion rate is higher in barred galaxies, but only when different parameters are used in the M--$\sigma$ to estimate the mass of the black hole in barred and unbarred galaxies. On the other hand, we found no correlation between activity level and bar strength. Taken together, our results reinforce the theoretical predictions that the bar is an important mechanism in disk galaxies, but also indicate that other mechanisms may play an important role. Despite gas transport through the bar, gas can accumulate in resonance regions, affecting the inflow. Observations of smaller-scale structures can provide clues about the dynamics of the gas in these regions and its relationship with AGN and star formation. In addition, we present prospects for measuring emission lines with multiple components in the central kiloparsec of galaxy NGC613 obtained with MUSE.
In Vitro Veritas data and metadata interoperability for Physical Samples
Creators: name: Macneil, Rory
name: Chen, Xiaoli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The Project was supported under the RDA Open Call for Interoperability Framework Contributions and implemented by Research Space (RSpace) and DataCite from December 2022 until July 2023. RSpace provided the digital research platform, which features an integrated electronic lab notebook and sample management system that are connected to an ecosystem of tools & services that researchers and data librarians commonly use. DataCite connects research outputs and resources with metadata—from samples and images to data and preprints - and facilitates the creation and management of persistent identifiers (PIDs), integrates services to improve research workflows, and facilitates the discovery and reuse of research outputs and resources. The key objective of the project was to provide guiding principles for implementing persistent identification and metadata features on research tools to boost interoperability of research data and to support sample management workflows. The project focused on building interoperability in research tools using IGSN DOIs provided by DataCite, and the RSpace digital research platform, as a case study. The project work was closely related to the work being done by the RDA Working with PIDs in Tools IG.
Spatially-resolved properties of early-type group-dominant galaxies with MUSE: gas content, ionisation mechanisms and metallicity gradients
Creators: name: Lagos, P.
name: Loubser, S. I.
name: Scott, T. C.
name: O'Sullivan, E.
name: Kolokythas, K.
name: Babul, A.
name: Nigoche-Netro, A.
name: Olivares, V.
name: Sengupta, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the goal of a thorough investigation of the ionised gas and its origin in early-type group-dominant galaxies, we present archival MUSE data for 18 galaxies from the Complete Local-Volume Groups Sample (CLoGS). This data allowed us to study the spatially-resolved warm gas properties, including the morphology of the ionised gas, EW(H$α$) and kinematics as well as the gas-phase metallicity (12 + log(O/H)) of these systems. In order to distinguish between different ionisation mechanisms, we used the emission-line ratios [O III]/H$β$ and [N II]/H$α$ in the BPT diagrams and EW(H$α$). We find that the ionisation sources in our sample have variable impacts at different radii, central regions are more influenced by low-luminosity AGN, while extended regions of LINER-like emission are ionised by other mechanisms with pAGBs photoionisation likely contributing significantly. We classified our sample into three H$α$+[N II] emission morphology types. We calculate the gas-phase metallicity assuming several methods and ionisation sources. In general, 12 + log(O/H) decreases with radius from the centre for all galaxies, independently of nebular morphology type, indicating a metallicity gradient in the abundance profiles. Interestingly, the more extended filamentary structures and all extranuclear star-forming regions present shallow metallicity gradients. Within the uncertainties these extended structures can be considered chemically homogeneous. We suggest that group-dominant galaxies in our sample likely acquired their cold gas in the past as a consequence of one or more mechanisms, e.g. gas-clouds or satellite mergers/accretion and/or cooling flows that contribute to the growth of the ionised gas structures.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Tension of Confining Strings at Low Temperature
Creators: name: Giataganas, Dimitrios
name: Goldstein, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the low temperature confining phase of QCD or QCD-like theories it is challenging to capture the temperature dependence of observables through AdS/CFT. Using the blackfold approach we compute the quark-antiquark linear static potential in the low temperature confining phase, taking into account the thermal excitations of the string. We find the explicit temperature dependence of the string tension and notice that, as naturally expected, tension decreases as temperature increases. We have also generalized the blackfold approach for the computation of the Wilson loops, making it directly applicable to a large class of backgrounds.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures
Systematic Review Protocol: Effectiveness of state and regional policies to improve adolescent HPV vaccination
Creators: name: Grabert, Brigid K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Widespread human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination could prevent most of the HPV-associated cancers diagnosed every year. Policy interventions have the potential to bring about population-level increases in HPV vaccination and a long-term reduction in HPV-associated disease burden. However, especially in the US, policy interventions have not been frequently employed and have faced varying levels of public resistance. This review seeks to summarize, through available literature, the effectiveness of policy interventions to improve adolescent HPV vaccination initiation and completion.
School visits to a physics research laboratory using virtual reality
Creators: name: De Angelis, Ilaria
name: Budano, Antonio
name: De Pietro, Giacomo
name: Martini, Alberto
name: Postiglione, Adriana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: School visits to research laboratories or facilities represent a unique way to bring students closer to science and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) careers. However, such visits can be very expensive for students and teachers, in terms of both time and money. In this paper, we present a possible alternative to on-site visits consisting inan activity addressed to high school students that makes use of a VR application to make them enter into a particle physics experiment. This proposal can represent a valid way of guaranteeing a visit to a research centre for all schools, regardless of their social or geographical origin. We describe the tests we carried out with a focus group of teachers and their students, and the obtained results.
description: preprint version
Additional file 1 of Comprehensive in silico analysis of the underutilized crop tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) genome reveals drought tolerance signatures
Creators: name: Bekele-Alemu, Abreham
name: Ligaba-Osena, Ayalew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Mapping pattern of 253 orthologous genes and gene elements on the tef genome (colors represent genes and same color on different chromosome represent existence of gene copy. A gene has copy element on several chromosomes (1A/1B, 2A/2B, 3A/3B, 4A/4B, 5A/5B, 6A/6B, 7A/7B, 8A/8B, 9A/9B, 10A/10B and contings_123, 124, 251, 471 and 765) with uneven distribution). Supplementary Figure 2. GO analysis of functionally annotated ESTSs in biological process (Fig. 2A) and molecular function (Fig. 2B) using Blast2GO. Bars represent the number of genes in each functional category. Supplementary Figure 3. Scaled NJ tree of 20 CDS of genes with high-level GO term compared across four crop plants. The multiple sequence alignment was conducted by CLUSTALW and the Phylogenetic tree was constructed by the Neighbor Joining (NJ) algorithm with default parameters and 1000 bootstrap replication. Genes were grouped into three distinct clusters (I, II, III). Et, Os, Si, and Ec indicates Eragrostis tef, Oryza sativa, Seteria italica and Eleusine coracana respectively.