cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Miscophus rothneyi Bingham 1897
Creators: name: Kumar, P. Girish
name: Mawadda, N. V. Ayisha
name: Terine, Joshua B.
name: Amal, S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Crabronidae
Miscophus
Miscophus rothneyi

description: 6. Miscophus rothneyi Bingham, 1897
(Figs 30–36)
Miscophus rothneyi Bingham, 1897: 215, ♀. Holotype ♀, India: Rajasthan: Jeypore [now Jaipur] (OXUM). Additional citations: Rothney, 1903: 104 (India: West Bengal: Barrackpore); Bohart and Menke, 1976: 319 (in the checklist of world Sphecidae); Nazarova, 1998: 41 (Tajikistan: Tigrovaya Balka Nature Reserve); Mawadda and Girish Kumar, 2023: 114 (in checklist of Crabroninae of Northern India).
Materials examined. India: Rajasthan, Desert National Park, Jaisalmer district, Sam, 1 ♀ & 3 ♂, 25.iii.2019, P. Girish Kumar collector, ZSIK Regd. Nos. ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV.24302–24305.
Distribution. India: Rajasthan, West Bengal. Elsewhere: Tajikistan.
description: Published as part of Kumar, P. Girish, Mawadda, N. V. Ayisha, Terine, Joshua B. & Amal, S., 2024, Review of the genus Miscophus Jurine, 1807 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Crabroninae) of the Indian subcontinent with descriptions of two new species from southern India, pp. 589-600 in Zootaxa 5418 (5) on pages 598-599, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5418.5.8, http://zenodo.org/record/10780130
Zinc influences the efficacy of betulinic acid treatment and radiotherapy in breast cancer cells
Creators: name: Güttler, Antje
name: Darnstaedt, Elisa
name: Knobloch-Sperlich, Danny
name: Petrenko, Marina
name: Kessler-Silacci, Jacqueline
name: Große, Ivo
name: Vordermark, Dirk
name: Bache, Matthias
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: The trace element zinc influences a number of biological reactions, including cell growth, apoptosis, and DNA damage, which affect tumor therapy. The natural compound betulinic acid (BA) and its derivatives are known for their antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor effects. Previous studies show that BA and 3-acetyl-28-sulfamoyloxybetulin (CAI3) have high cytotoxicity and induce radiosensitization in breast cancer cells. This study investigates the effects of zinc supplementation on treatment with BA or CAI3 and radiotherapy of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and HS578T. Expression analysis shows that BA and CAI3 lead to altered expression of genes involved in zinc metabolism. Zinc supplementation affects cell survival and cell death alone and in combination with BA or CAI3 in both breast cancer cell lines. In MDA-MB-231 cells, zinc excess protects against ROS formation by BA or CAI3 and exhibits radioprotective effects compared to the single agent treatment. In contrast, in HS578T cells, zinc induces ROS formation but does not affect radiosensitivity. The variable effects of zinc on radiosensitivity highlight the importance of individualized treatment approaches. Although zinc has cytotoxic, pro-apoptotic, and anti-clonogenic effects, it seems worthwhile to consider its radioprotective properties when making treatment decisions in the case of adjuvant radiotherapy of breast cancer.
Rhene mus
Creators: name: Caleb, John T. D.
name: Sanap, Rajesh V.
name: Tripathi, Rishikesh
name: Sampathkumar, M.
name: Dharmaraj, Jayaraman
name: Packiam, Soosaimanickam Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Rhene
Rhene mus

description: Rhene mus (Simon, 1889)
Figs 36–41, 72
Homalattus mus Simon, 1889: 335 (D ♀).
Rhene mus: Roewer, 1955: 1235.
Type. Homalattus mus Simon, 1889: Holotype ♀ (NZC-ZSI 3556/10) from INDIA, Uttarakhand, Jaonsar, Siri (30.59854°N, 78.53740°E), 1750 m a.s.l., leg. R.D. Oldham.
Diagnosis. The species is similar to R. menglunensis Wang & Li, 2020 in epigynal morphology but can be differentiated by the orientation of the copulatory openings—the scletorized u-shaped margin, oriented along the longitudinal axis (crescent-like in R. menglunensis) (cf. Figs 37, 40 with fig. 14A in Wang & Li (2020)).
Supplementary description. Female (holotype). Body length: 4.68; carapace: 1.98 long, 1.91 wide; abdomen: 2.70 long, 1.82 wide. Carapace brown, covered with pale hairs; eye field light brown; posterior eyes surrounded by black patches (Fig. 36). Eye measurements: AME 0.38, ALE 0.18, PME 0.05, PLE 0.14, AER 1.29, PER 1.93, EFL 1.27. Clypeus height 0.03. Chelicerae 0.52 long. Sternum oval, light brown. Chelicerae yellow-brown; labium and maxillae light brown. Legs yellowish brown (Figs 36, 38, 39). Abdomen yellow, without any pattern (Fig. 36); venter yellowish uniformly. Spinnerets yellowish. Epigyne with a pair of medio-lateral copulatory openings and a median epigynal pocket in the posterior margin (Figs 37, 40).
Distribution. India (Uttarakhand) (Fig. 72).
description: Published as part of Caleb, John T. D., Sanap, Rajesh V., Tripathi, Rishikesh, Sampathkumar, M., Dharmaraj, Jayaraman & Packiam, Soosaimanickam Maria, 2022, Taxonomic notes on some South and Southeast Asian members of the genus Rhene Thorell, 1869 (Aranei, Salticidae, Dendryphantini), pp. 389-407 in Zootaxa 5125 (4) on page 398, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5125.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6450909
In the battle of the disease : a transcriptomic analysis of European foulbrood-diseased larvae of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera)
Creators: name: Lewkowski, Oleg
name: Poehlein, Anja
name: Daniel, Rolf
name: Erler, Silvio
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 590

description: Background: European foulbrood is a significant bacterial brood disease of Apis sp. and can cause severe and devastating damages in beekeeping operations. Nevertheless, the epidemiology of its causative agent Melissococcus plutonius has been begun to uncover but the underlying mechanisms of infection and cause of disease still is not well understood. Here, we sought to provide insight into the infection mechanism of EFB employing RNAseq in in vitro reared Apis mellifera larvae of two developmental stages to trace transcriptional changes in the course of the disease, including Paenibacillus alvei secondary infected individuals. Results: In consideration of the progressing development of the larva, we show that infected individuals incur a shift in metabolic and structural protein-encoding genes, which are involved in metabolism of crucial compounds including all branches of macronutrient metabolism, transport protein genes and most strikingly chitin and cuticle associated genes. These changes underpin the frequently observed developmental retardation in EFB disease. Further, sets of expressed genes markedly differ in different stages of infection with almost no overlap. In an earlier stage of infection, a group of regulators of the melanization response cascade and complement component-like genes, predominantly C-type lectin genes, are up-regulated while a differential expression of immune effector genes is completely missing. In contrast, late-stage infected larvae up-regulated the expression of antimicrobial peptides, lysozymes and prominent bacteria-binding haemocyte receptor genes compared to controls. While we clearly show a significant effect of infection on expressed genes, these changes may partly result from a shift in expression timing due to developmental alterations of infection. A secondary infection with P. alvei elicits a specific response with most of the M. plutonius associated differential immune effector gene expression missing and several immune pathway genes even down-regulated. Conclusion: We conclude that with progressing infection diseased individuals undergo a systemic response with a change of metabolism and their activated immune defence repertoire. Moreover, larvae are capable of adjusting their response to a secondary invasion in late stage infections.
Rhacochelifer sonyae Mahnert 1991
Creators: name: Mahnert, Volker
name: Sharaf, Mostafa
name: Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Pseudoscorpiones
Cheliferidae
Rhacochelifer
Rhacochelifer sonyae

description: Rhacochelifer sonyae Mahnert, 1991
Material examined. Al Bahah, W. Elzaraeb, 9.V.2011, 2086 m, 20°04′24.3″ N, 41°23′12.3″ E: 1 ♀. Khamis Mushayt, W. Ben Hashbal, 26.IV.2011, 18°35′41.3″ N, 42°39′01.3″E, 1892 m: 1 ♀.
Remarks. This species was described from three localities in the southwestern mountains of Saudi Arabia and appears to be restricted to this area. It is well characterized by its slender pedipalps and genital morphology.
description: Published as part of Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2014, Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia, pp. 387-393 in Zootaxa 3764 (3) on page 391, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/227547
Dochmiotrema limicola Hofsten 1907
Creators: name: Noreña, Carolina
name: Eitam, Avi
name: Blaustein, Leon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Rhabditophora
Rhabdocoela
Typhloplanidae
Dochmiotrema
Dochmiotrema limicola

description: Dochmiotrema limicola Hofsten, 1907
(Figure 6)
Synonyms: Dochmiotrema valaamica Nasonov, 1917 Olisthanella valaamica Nasonov, 1917 Typhloplanella limicola Cordé, 1923
Locality. Temporary pools on Mount Kavul and Mount Shekhanya, Lower Galilee.
Material. Few individuals. Live observations, squash preparations, whole-mounted individual, photographs and two sagittally-sectioned individuals deposited in the Department of Zoology at Tel Aviv University, Israel, Catalogue Number VR-25076 and VR-25077.
Morphological remarks. Opening of the excretions pore separated in the caudal end of the body (in European specimens the excretory pore is situated caudally to the mouth (Luther, 1963) (Fig. 5A)).
Ecological features. Dochmiotrema limicola is an inhabitant of the sandy, muddy bottoms of shallow pools and seas. It is possible, that this species could tolerate low brackish conditions (S: 0.39 0/0 0; cf. Luther, 1963) In Israel, D. limicola was found in freshwater pools during the late winter and early spring (March 2001, February–April 2002).
Dochmiotrema limicola is well-distributed in Europe (Luther, 1963; Müller & Faubel, 1993), and is also known from Africa (Mead & Kolasa, 1984). It was reported from Israel for the first time by Eitam et al. (2004).
description: Published as part of Noreña, Carolina, Eitam, Avi & Blaustein, Leon, 2008, " Microturbellarian " flatworms (Platyhelminthes) from freshwater pools: New species and records from Israel, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 1705 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.180877
Language Variation: Perspectives on Lexis and Phraseology
Creators: name: Bondi, Marina
name: Cacchiani, Silvia
Publisher: name: Status Quaestionis
Year: 2024

description: This paper provides an overview of the Special Issue. Following an outline of the themes and methodological standpoints discussed in the special issue, it offers an overview of the individual case studies selected for inclusion. While spanning several genres and domains, and discussing lexical and phraseological variation from multiple angles and perspectives, the dominant methodological standpoints in the Special Issue are corpus and discourse analysis. Small and large corpora are used along with lexicographic data to examine key lexical and phraseological questions in language variation, both quantitatively and qualitatively. In particular, special attention is devoted to language choice, linguistic constraints and linguistic innovation as observed in English, Italian, and across English and Italian.
description: Status Quaestionis, N. 27 (2024)
Decision-making of citizen scientists when recording species observations
Creators: name: Bowler, Diana E.
name: Bhandari, Netra
name: Repke, Lydia
name: Beuthner, Christoph
name: Callaghan, Corey T.
name: Eichenberg, David
name: Henle, Klaus
name: Klenke, Reinhard
name: Richter, Anett
name: Jansen, Florian
name: Bruelheide, Helge
name: Bonn, Aletta
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 570

description: Citizen scientists play an increasingly important role in biodiversity monitoring. Most of the data, however, are unstructured—collected by diverse methods that are not documented with the data. Insufficient understanding of the data collection processes presents a major barrier to the use of citizen science data in biodiversity research. We developed a questionnaire to ask citizen scientists about their decision-making before, during and after collecting and reporting species observations, using Germany as a case study. We quantified the greatest sources of variability among respondents and assessed whether motivations and experience related to any aspect of data collection. Our questionnaire was answered by almost 900 people, with varying taxonomic foci and expertise. Respondents were most often motivated by improving species knowledge and supporting conservation, but there were no linkages between motivations and data collection methods. By contrast, variables related to experience and knowledge, such as membership of a natural history society, were linked with a greater propensity to conduct planned searches, during which typically all species were reported. Our findings have implications for how citizen science data are analysed in statistical models; highlight the importance of natural history societies and provide pointers to where citizen science projects might be further developed.
Monostilifera , Thollesson & Norenburg 2003
Creators: name: Kajihara, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nemertea
Enopla
Monostilifera

description: Order MONOSTILIFERA
Morphological circumscription
Hoplonemerteans with stylet apparatus containing a basis with single central stylet; exceptions include some forms that are mostly symbiotic and pelagic (see below).
Clade definition
Hoplonemerteans that are more closely related to Amphiporus lactifloreus (Johnston, 1828) than to Drepanophorus rubrostriatus Hubrecht, 1874. Practically, until molecular data become available for D. rubrostriatus, the latter will have to be proxied by other polystiliferans, such as Drepanophorus spectabilis (Quatrefages, 1846), for which sequences are currently available (cf. Andrade et al. 2012).
Remarks
Brinkmann (1917) established Monostilifera originally at the suborder rank, diagnosing the taxon as “Hoplonemerteans with one stylet on the stylet basis” (op. cit., p. 4). Strictly, this diagnosis fails to accommodate bivalve-symbiotic species in the genus Malacobdella Blainville, 1827, which supposedly secondarily lost the stylet apparatus (diaphragm, stylet basis, central stylet, accessory-stylet pouches, and accessory stylets). Other monostiliferans that have been reported to lack the central stylet and basis include: the pelagic forms Achoronemertes scoresbyi (Wheeler, 1934) and Korotkevitschia pelagica (Korotkevitsch, 1961) (Crandall &Gibson 1998; Chernyshev 2005b); the brackishwater Sacconemertella lutulenta Iwata, 1970; the ascidian-symbiotic Gononemertes parasita Bergendal, 1900; and the enigmatic Verrillianemertes schultzei Senz, 2001.
description: Published as part of Kajihara, Hiroshi, 2021, Higher classification of the Monostilifera (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea), pp. 151-199 in Zootaxa 4920 (2) on page 154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4920.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4475126
Spatio-temporal superconducting dynamics driven by THz fields from topological spintronic terahertz emitters
Creators: name: Niedzielski, Björn
name: Schulz, Dominik
name: Berakdar, Jamal
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Metastructures of spintronic THz emitters can be engineered to have a well-defined topology characterized by a topological charge. The emitted THz radiation possesses a phase-locked transversal and longitudinal components with the ratio of which being tunable by the topological charge of the underlying metastructure. The THz fields so produced are employed to drive and spatio-temporally modulate the superconducting order parameter in a type II superconductor. Using a time-dependent Landau-Ginzburg approach, it is demonstrated how the topology of the THz fields is reflected in a texturing of the superconducting phase and density. Full numerical simulations illustrate the emergence and the nanoscale steering of Abrikosov vortices as well as the local modification of the superconducting density and transport properties of nanoscale samples with different geometries. The study highlights the potential of metamaterials based on spintronic THz emitters as a coherent source for spatially and vectorially modulated THz radiation.
Oerstediina
Creators: name: Kajihara, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nemertea
Enopla
Monostilifera

description: Infraorder OERSTEDIINA
Morphological circumscription
Eumonostiliferans with the cephalic blood vessels protruding into the rhynchocoel as they pass through the cerebral ring, often forming a pair of vascular plugs; the mid-dorsal vessel not penetrating into the rhynchocoel to form a single vascular plug.
Clade definition
Eumonostiliferans that are more closely related to Oerstedia dorsalis (Abildgaard, 1806) than to Amphiporus lactifloreus (Johnston, 1828).
Constituent families
Oerstediidae Chernyshev, 1993 and Plectonemertidae Gibson, 1990a.
Remarks
As far as I am aware, Moore & Gibson (1988) were the first to envisage Oerstedia Quatrefages, 1846 as closely related to Plectonemertidae by having two vascular plugs. This conjecture was later confirmed with molecular phylogenetic analyses, first by Mateos & Giribet (2008) and then more convincingly by Kajihara & Kuris (2013), Kvist et al. (2014, 2015), and Chernyshev & Polyakova (2018 a, b, 2019) [Oerstedia was not included in the extensive analysis by Andrade et al. (2012)]. The clade comprising Acteonemertidae + Oerstedia and their kin was named Oerstediina (Chernyshev & Polyakova 2019), with neither Linnaean rank nor morphological circumscription. Here I place it at the infraorder rank. The suffix -ina must be used for the name of a subtribe when the taxon is placed on any of family group ranks in accordance with Article 29.2 of the Code (ICZN 1999); however, the Code (ICZN 1999) does not forbid the usage of -ina for ranks above the family group. While this may lead to confusion, I leave the ending as it was proposed by Chernyshev & Polyakova (2019).
description: Published as part of Kajihara, Hiroshi, 2021, Higher classification of the Monostilifera (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea), pp. 151-199 in Zootaxa 4920 (2) on pages 157-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4920.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4475126
Oreonectes Gunther 1868
Creators: name: Du, Li-Na
name: Chen, Xiao-Yong
name: Yang, Jun-Xing
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cypriniformes
Nemacheilidae
Oreonectes

description: Genus Oreonectes Günther, 1868
Oreonectes Günther, 1868: original description; type species Oreonectes platycephalus Günther, 1868; type locality: small stream near the top of the Hong Kong Mountains.
Diagnosis: Oreonectes is easily distinguished from other nemacheilines by its widely separated nostrils, tubular flap of the anterior nostril elongated into a barbel-like structure, and the head and caudal-peduncle compressed while the anterior portion of the body is rounded.
Percentage of caudal-peduncle length
Dorsal-fin origin Behind pelvic-fin origin In advance of pelvic-fin Behind pelvic-fin origin
origin
Caudal fin Rounded Forked Forked Eyes Absent Degenerate Degenerate
continued.
Percentage of caudal-peduncle length
The first number in parentheses is mean; second is standard deviation; - = no data.
Body elongate; head compressed; caudal-peduncle compressed; anterior portion from snout to dorsal-fin origin rounded; interorbital space broad and flat; snout depressed, shorter than the postorbital portion of the head; three pairs of barbels; anterior and posterior nostrils separated by a short distance, and tubular flap of anterior nostril elongated into barbel-like structure; mouth inferior or subterminal; lips thin and smooth; processus dentiformis absent; lower lip with median notch and completely interrupted by longitudinal groove; eyes normal, degenerate or absent; adipose crests on caudal peduncle present.
Air bladder has two chambers, anterior one within bony capsules, posterior one large and free in body cavity (except for O. platycephalus in which posterior air-bladder is reduced); intestine straight; branched anal-fin rays 5–6; branched pectoral-fin rays 10–12; branched pelvic-fin rays 6–7, or 4 in O. anophthalmus; branched caudal-fin rays 15–16, or 12 in O. anophthalmus; caudal fin forked, rounded or emarginate; scales rudimentary or embedded; lateral line incomplete or absent; cephalic lateral-line system present or absent, if present, with 7 preoperculomandibular, 2+2 supratemporal pores; color pattern variable: body with many spots in different shapes in O. polystigmus; body usually plain, as in O. furcocaudalis and O. microphthalmus, or with brown basicaudal bar in O. platycephalus and O. retrodorsalis; body transparent in O. anophthalmus and O. translucens.
Six species of Oreonectes are recognized as valid, including two new species, O. polystigmus from Dabu Village, Guilin City, and O. microphthalmus from Du’an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China. All morphometric and meristic characters of Oreonectes species are given in Table 1.
description: Published as part of Du, Li-Na, Chen, Xiao-Yong & Yang, Jun-Xing, 2008, A review of the Nemacheilinae genus Oreonectes Günther with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei: Balitoridae), pp. 23-36 in Zootaxa 1729 on pages 25-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181269
Macrophages in obesity are characterised by increased IL-1ß response to calcium-sensing receptor signals
Creators: name: Thrum, Stephan
name: Sommer, Miriam
name: Raulien, Nora
name: Gericke, Martin Thomas
name: Massier, Lucas
name: Kovacs, Peter
name: Krasselt, Marco Lothar
name: Landgraf, Kathrin
name: Körner, Antje
name: Dietrich, Arne
name: Blüher, Matthias
name: Rossol, Manuela
name: Wagner, Ulf
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Objective: Obesity is complicated by inflammatory activation of the innate immune system. Stimulation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) by extra-cellular calcium ions ([Ca2+]ex) can trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammation. We hypothesised, that this mechanism might contribute to the activation of adipose tissue (AT) in obesity, and investigated [Ca2+]ex-induced, CaSR mediated IL-1β release by macrophages in obesity. Methods: [Ca2+]ex-induced IL-1β release was investigated in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) generated from peripheral blood of patients with obesity and from normal-weight controls. Visceral and subcutaneous AT biosamples were stimulated with [Ca2+]ex, and IL-1β release, as well as expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and cytokine genes, was determined. Results: Both MDM and AT readily responded with concentration-dependent IL-1β release already at low, near physiological concentrations to addition of [Ca2+]ex, which was more than 80 fold higher than the LPS-induced effect. IL-1β levels induced by [Ca2+]ex were significantly higher not only in MDM from patients with obesity compared to controls, but also in visceral versus subcutaneous AT. This fat-depot difference was also reflected by mRNA expression levels of inflammasome and cytokine genes. Conclusions: Obesity renders macrophages more susceptible to [Ca2+]ex-induced IL-1β release and pyroptosis. Increased susceptibility was independent of the response to LPS and circulating CRP arguing against mere pro-inflammatory pre-activation of monocytes. Instead, we propose that CaSR mediated signalling is relevant for the deleterious innate immune activation in obesity.
Microcurgus iraniensis Schmid-Egger & Enayatnina & Rakhshani 2018, sp.nov.
Creators: name: Schmid-Egger, Christian
name: Enayatnina, Masoumeh
name: Rakhshani, Ehsan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Pompilidae
Microcurgus
Microcurgus iraniensis

description: Microcurgus iraniensis Schmid-Egger sp.nov.
(Figs. 7–11)
Holotype: Iran, 1 female 27.vii.2016 Kerman province, Faryab, Malaise trap in garden, leg. M.A. Arabzadeh (ZSM). Paratype: Iran, 1 female, 2–12.iv.2016, Sistan-o Baluchestan province, Iranshahr, Daman, leg. H. Davari (ZSM).
Diagnosis. M. iraniensis is is well characterized by the uniformly pale yellow body color and by the medially elevated vertex (frontal view).
Description. Body length: 5 mm. Color. Body whitish-yellow. Apex of AS brown, AS IV – AS XII darker yellow. Wings transparent, cells (except marginal cell) with dark patches. Pterostigma white. Morphology. Vertex and mesosoma above with a few thin brown bristles, longest bristles as long as POL. Clypeus medially widely emarginated. Mandibular base with brush of long pale bristles, as long as mandible. Malar space as long as diameter of AS III. Eye (measured frontally, in medial face) 0.20x as large as remaining face. Vertex with sharp edge, directly behind hindocelli vertically sloping down. Head and mesosoma finely microsculptured, abdomen smooth and shiny. Foretarsus below with some short spines (shorter than tarsal diameter), without lateral spines, apart from apical spine on metatarsus, as long as tarsal diameter. Mid- and hindtibia with 5–6 long spines, as long or somewhat longer than tibial diameter. Pulvillus small and thin (half as large as claw), claw medially with small tooth. See also generic characters above and figures.
Distribution: Iran: Kerman and Sistan-o Baluchestan provinces. For habitat of paratype see fig. 16.
Etymology. The name is derived from the country of origin, Iran.
description: Published as part of Schmid-Egger, Christian, Enayatnina, Masoumeh & Rakhshani, Ehsan, 2018, Review of the genus Microcurgus Haupt, 1950 (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) with description of a new species from Iran, pp. 530-536 in Zootaxa 4444 (5) on page 535, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4444.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1437264
Campodea (Dicampa) catalana Denis 1930
Creators: name: Sendra, Alberto
name: Sánchez-García, Alba
name: Selfa, Jesús
name: Milko, Dmitry A.
name: Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Entognatha
Diplura
Campodeidae
Campodea
Campodea catalana

description: Campodea (Dicampa) catalana Denis, 1930
Campodea (Dicampa) catalana Denis, 1930: 28, figs 7–13.
Material examined
KYRGYZSTAN • 6 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; Osh Province, Nookat District, Abshir Say River; 40º08′50″ N, 72º21′52″ E; alt. 1851 m; 21 Jul. 2019; Alberto Sendra leg.; endogean habitat near Cupressus tree; Coll. AS.
Remarks
Campodea (Dicampa) catalana is an abundant species in Western Mediterranean soil habitats. This finding seems to show a disjunct distribution on both sides of the Mediterranean region.
description: Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Sánchez-García, Alba, Selfa, Jesús, Milko, Dmitry A. & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2021, Campodeidae (Hexapoda: Diplura) from Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia, with the description of a remarkable new genus and species, pp. 1-20 in European Journal of Taxonomy 782 on page 4, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.782.1585, http://zenodo.org/record/5761387
Oreonectes
Creators: name: Du, Li-Na
name: Chen, Xiao-Yong
name: Yang, Jun-Xing
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cypriniformes
Nemacheilidae
Oreonectes

description: Key to species of Oreonectes
1 Caudal fin forked.........................................................................................................................................2
- Caudal fin rounded or emarginate................................................................................................................................ 3
2 Rear of body with scales; eyes normal ............................................................................... O. furcocaudalis
- Body naked; eyes degenerate with only black pigment .................................................................. O. microphthalmus
3 Eyes absent; body naked .................................................................................................... O. anophthalmus
- Eyes present; body with tiny scales ............................................................................................................................. 4
4 Caudal fin emarginated; cephalic lateral-line system degenerate ........................................ O. retrodorsalis
- Caudal fin rounded; cephalic lateral-line system present ............................................................................................ 5
5 Body with many differently spots; posterior chamber of air-bladder developed, filling the body cavity..... ............................................................................................................................................... O. polystigmus
- Body plain; posterior chamber of air-bladder reduced, reaching vertical of pectoral fin ................... O. platycephalus
description: Published as part of Du, Li-Na, Chen, Xiao-Yong & Yang, Jun-Xing, 2008, A review of the Nemacheilinae genus Oreonectes Günther with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei: Balitoridae), pp. 23-36 in Zootaxa 1729 on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181269
Mesostoma maculatum Hofsten 1916
Creators: name: Noreña, Carolina
name: Eitam, Avi
name: Blaustein, Leon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Rhabditophora
Rhabdocoela
Typhloplanidae
Mesostoma
Mesostoma maculatum

description: Mesostoma maculatum Hofsten, 1916
Locality. Temporary pools on Mount Kavul and Mount Shekhanya, Lower Galilee.
Material. Many individuals. Live observations, squash preparations, whole-mounted individual, and two sagittally-sectioned individuals deposited in the Department of Zoology at Tel Aviv University, Israel, Catalogue Number VR-25080 and VR-25081.
Ecological features. Mesostoma maculatum lives in lentic waters, springs and brooks. In Israel, it was collected in temporary pools of Mount Kavul and Mount Shekhanya (March 2000, March 2001, January 2002) and in a temporary pool in Keren Carmel (March 2002). It tends to be negatively associated with larval Salamandra salamandra infraimmaculata, probably because Salamandra is an efficient predator of this flatworm; we have observed high predation rates in the laboratory (Eitam and Blaustein, unpublished data).
Mesostoma maculatum is known from Finland (Luther, 1963), and Sweden (Steinböck, 1932). It was reported from Israel for the first time by Eitam et al. (2004); this is the southern–most record for this species.
description: Published as part of Noreña, Carolina, Eitam, Avi & Blaustein, Leon, 2008, " Microturbellarian " flatworms (Platyhelminthes) from freshwater pools: New species and records from Israel, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 1705 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.180877
Rhene pallida Caleb & Sanap & Tripathi & Sampathkumar & Dharmaraj & Packiam 2022, comb. n.
Creators: name: Caleb, John T. D.
name: Sanap, Rajesh V.
name: Tripathi, Rishikesh
name: Sampathkumar, M.
name: Dharmaraj, Jayaraman
name: Packiam, Soosaimanickam Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Rhene
Rhene pallida

description: Rhene pallida (Thorell, 1895) comb. n.
Figs 42–56, 72
Zeuxippus pallidus Thorell, 1895: 333 (D ♀); Prószyński, 1984: 123 (♀); Żabka, 1985: 456, figs 639–645 (♀, D ♂).
Rhene argentata Wesołowska, 1981: 47, figs 5–8 (D ♀).
Rhene decoratus Tikader, 1977: 276, figs 4–6 (D ♀); holotype ♀ in NZC-ZSI, examined; syn. n.
Rhene pantharae Biswas & Biswas, 1992: 399, figs 29–31 (D ♀); holotype ♀ in the NZC-ZSI, examined; syn. n.
For a complete list of taxonomic references see WSC (2022).
Types. Rhene decoratus Tikader, 1977: Holotype ♀ (NZC-ZSI) from INDIA, Maharashtra, Poona (presently Pune) Distr., Karla Govt. Rest House, 04.11.1963, leg. B.K. Tikader. Paratype: 1 ♀ (NZC-ZSI), together with the holotype.
Rhene pantharae Biswas & Biswas, 1992: Holotype ♀ (NZC-ZSI 5369/18) from INDIA, West Bengal, Nadia Distr., Ranaghat, 16.02.1986, leg. K. Biswas.
Comments. R. decoratus Tikader, 1977 was originally described from Maharashtra and was later recorded from West Bengal (Tikader & Biswas, 1981; Roy et al., 2016) and R. pantharae Biswas & Biswas, 1992 was described from West Bengal (Biswas & Biswas, 1992). Based on the detailed examination of the types of both species, they were found to be identical to Rhene pallida (Thorell, 1895) comb. n. in the following characters: the abdominal colour pattern with transverse black streaks and the genitalia morphology with comma-shaped sclerotized rims and central epigynal pocket; proximal portion of insemination ducts membraneous and bent S-like, mid-portion strongly sclerotized, running parallel along the median portion longitudinally; small spermathecae (cf. Figs 42–48 and Figs 51–55 with figs 5–8 in Wesołowska (1981), illustrations in Proszynski (1984: 123) and figs 643–645 in Zabka (1985)). Therefore, both the species R. decoratus and R. pantharae are treated as junior synonyms of R. pallida.
Distribution. Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Vietnam (WSC, 2022), India (Maharashtra, West Bengal) (Fig. 72).
description: Published as part of Caleb, John T. D., Sanap, Rajesh V., Tripathi, Rishikesh, Sampathkumar, M., Dharmaraj, Jayaraman & Packiam, Soosaimanickam Maria, 2022, Taxonomic notes on some South and Southeast Asian members of the genus Rhene Thorell, 1869 (Aranei, Salticidae, Dendryphantini), pp. 389-407 in Zootaxa 5125 (4) on pages 398-402, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5125.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6450909
Paratemnoides ellingseni Beier 1932
Creators: name: Mahnert, Volker
name: Sharaf, Mostafa
name: Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Pseudoscorpiones
Atemnidae
Paratemnoides
Paratemnoides ellingseni

description: Paratemnoides ellingseni (Beier, 1932)
Material examined. Al Urdiyah Government, W. Qonouna, 12.V. 2011, 353 m, 19°25′45.7″N, 41°36′18.1″E: 1 ♂ (MHNG).
Remarks. This species is widely distributed in central, southern and eastern Africa and Madagascar (Harvey 2013). It is recorded for the first time from the Arabian Peninsula, representing an additional element of the Afrotropical fauna in the region. The specimen is characterized by its genital morphology, in agreement with the description and figure in Klausen (2005). Additionally, the following characters are diagnostic for this taxon.
Pedipalps: trochanter 1.7 × longer than broad (0.46 mm / 0.27 mm), femur 2.3× (0.74/0.33), patella 2.0 × (0.77/ 0.39), hand with pedicel 1.8 × (0.87/0.47), chela with pedicel 2.8 × (1.31/0.47) longer than broad, hand with pedicel 1.5 × longer than finger (length 0.57 mm), finger 1.21 × longer than hand breadth; fixed finger with 30, movable finger with 47 teeth. Leg I: femur 1.3 × longer than deep (0.26/0.20), patella 2.2 × (0.46/0.21), tibia 3.3 × (0.44/0.13), tarsus 4.1 × (0.39/0.09); leg IV: femur+patella 2.8 × (0.78/0.28), tibia 3.6 × (0.60/0.17), tarsus 3.6 × (0.40/0.11) longer than deep.
description: Published as part of Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2014, Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia, pp. 387-393 in Zootaxa 3764 (3) on page 391, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/227547
Oreonectes anophthalmus Zheng
Creators: name: Du, Li-Na
name: Chen, Xiao-Yong
name: Yang, Jun-Xing
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cypriniformes
Nemacheilidae
Oreonectes
Oreonectes anophthalmus

description: Oreonectes anophthalmus Zheng
Fig. 2
Oreonectes anophthalmus Zheng, 1981, Freshwater Fishes Guangxi: 162 (Taiji Cave, Wuming QiFengShan, Guangxi, China); Zheng, 1989, The Fishes of Pearl River: 47 (Taiji Cave, Wuming QiFengShan, Guangxi, China); Zhu, 1989, the Loaches of the Subfamily Nemacheilinae in China (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae), 25.
Material examined: 5 ex. KIZ 1994001–005, 4 measured, 25.3–36.9 mm SL, 30.5–42.8 mm TL.
Diagnosis: Dorsum of head flat; eyes absent; three pairs of undeveloped barbels; dorsal-fin origin posterior to pelvic-fin origin; whole body scaleless and colorless; cephalic lateral-line system absent; caudal fin truncate. O. anophthalmus can be distinguished from all congeners by the following characters: eyes absent, 4 branched pelvic-fin rays and 12 branched caudal-fin rays.
Distribution: Taiji Cave, Wuming QiFengshan, Guangxi, and Dongtang Cave, Libo County, Guizhou, China.
Remark: One specimen has a genital papilla located immediately posterior to the anus, and the males’ gonad opens at the end of a fleshy prominence.
description: Published as part of Du, Li-Na, Chen, Xiao-Yong & Yang, Jun-Xing, 2008, A review of the Nemacheilinae genus Oreonectes Günther with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei: Balitoridae), pp. 23-36 in Zootaxa 1729 on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181269
Rhene rubrigera Simon 1889
Creators: name: Caleb, John T. D.
name: Sanap, Rajesh V.
name: Tripathi, Rishikesh
name: Sampathkumar, M.
name: Dharmaraj, Jayaraman
name: Packiam, Soosaimanickam Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Rhene
Rhene rubrigera

description: Rhene rubrigera Simon, 1889
Figs 57–64, 72
Homalattus rubriger Thorell, 1887: 347 (D ♂).
Rhene rubigera Żabka, 1985: 444, figs 544–562 (♂ ♀).
Rhene rubrigera Sen et al., 2015: 30, figs 67–71, pl. 12 (♀).
Material. INDIA: Karnataka; 1 ♀, Bhairapura (13.01956°N, 75.57277°E), 983 m a.s.l., 06.03.2021, leg. A.P.C. Abhijith & P. Ramachandra; Kerala: 1 ♀ (RTC), Wayanad, Valad (11.8046°N, 75.9253°E), 800 m a.s.l., 18.10.2021, leg. A. Jose; Uttarakhand: 1 ♀ (RTC), Dehradun (30.28313°N, 77.97427°E), 598 m a.s.l., 15.07.2017, leg. R. Tripathi; West Bengal: 1 ♂ (NZC-ZSI 6859/18), Tardaha (22.4591°N, 88.5218°E), 7 m a.s.l., 26.04.2019, leg. K. Valarmathi & party.
Distribution. India (Karnataka, Kerala, Nicobar Islands, Uttarakhand, West Bengal (Caleb, 2019; 2020; present data) to Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Indonesia (Sumatra) (WSC, 2022) (Fig. 72).
description: Published as part of Caleb, John T. D., Sanap, Rajesh V., Tripathi, Rishikesh, Sampathkumar, M., Dharmaraj, Jayaraman & Packiam, Soosaimanickam Maria, 2022, Taxonomic notes on some South and Southeast Asian members of the genus Rhene Thorell, 1869 (Aranei, Salticidae, Dendryphantini), pp. 389-407 in Zootaxa 5125 (4) on pages 402-403, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5125.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6450909
Comparing outcomes of ILD patients managed in specialised versus non-specialised centres
Creators: name: Marijic, Pavo
name: Schwarzkopf, Larissa
name: Maier, Werner Albert
name: Trudzinski, Franziska
name: Kreuter, Michael
name: Schwettmann, Lars
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Early appropriate diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) is crucial to slow disease progression and improve survival. Yet it is unknown whether initial management in an expert centre is associated with improved outcomes. Therefore, we assessed mortality, hospitalisations and health care costs of ILD patients initially diagnosed and managed in specialised ILD centres versus non-specialised centres and explored differences in pharmaceutical treatment patterns. Methods: An epidemiological claims data analysis was performed, including patients with different ILD subtypes in Germany between 2013 and 2018. Classification of specialised centres was based on the number of ILD patients managed and procedures performed, as defined by the European Network on Rare Lung Diseases. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for covariates. Mortality and hospitalisations were examined via weighted Cox models, cost differences by weighted gamma regression models and differences in treatment patterns with weighted logistic regressions. Results: We compared 2022 patients managed in seven specialised ILD centres with 28,771 patients managed in 1156 non-specialised centres. Specialised ILD centre management was associated with lower mortality (HR: 0.87, 95% CI 0.78; 0.96), lower all-cause hospitalisation (HR: 0.93, 95% CI 0.87; 0.98) and higher respiratory-related costs (€669, 95% CI €219; €1156). Although risk of respiratory-related hospitalisations (HR: 1.00, 95% CI 0.92; 1.10) and overall costs (€− 872, 95% CI €− 75; €1817) did not differ significantly, differences in treatment patterns were observed. Conclusion: Initial management in specialised ILD centres is associated with improved mortality and lower all-cause hospitalisations, potentially due to more differentiated diagnostic approaches linked with more appropriate ILD subtype-adjusted therapy.
Withius piger Simon 1878
Creators: name: Mahnert, Volker
name: Sharaf, Mostafa
name: Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Pseudoscorpiones
Withiidae
Withius
Withius piger

description: Withius piger (Simon, 1878)
Material examined. Al Urdiyah Government, W. Qonouna, 12.v. 2011, 353 m, 19°25′45.7″N, 41°36′18.1″E: 2 ♂, 1 deutonymph. Al Bahah, Al Mukwah, Dhi Ayn Archeological Village, 11.v.2011, 20°12′39.7″N, 1°26′30.2E, 741 m: 6 ♂, 9 ♀, 2 tritonymphs + 24 specimens (adults and nymphs). Al Bahah, W. Turabah, Al Mandaq, 14.v.2011, 20°12′39.7″N, 41°17′17.6″E, 1793m: 1 ♂ (under a rock, next to an Acacia tree, in company with the ant Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)). Asir Province, W. Jallah, 16.v.2011, 20°08′04.1″ N, 41°20′34.4″ E: 2 ♂.
Remarks. The specimens listed above exhibit the major characters of this cosmopolitan synanthropic species, as defined by Heurtault (1971).
Mahnert (1980) described the new species Withius arabicus from this same area, Dorf Qaraah (Al Qar’a or Al Gar’a Abha, Asir Province, 2000 m, 18.24080°N, 42.48965°E; Wadi Marba (near the Abha-Jazan road, approximately 53 km from Jazan), Khamis-Mushyat, 17.9000°N, 42.3833°E, 2050m). The separation of these species is consistent: Withius arabicus has the distal position of trichobothrium est on the fixed chelal finger, smaller and also slightly more slender pedipalps. The number of setae in the sternal glandular patches in the males is variable in both species. Withius arabicus was not collected during this study.
Ecological observations. In Al Bahah, Withius piger was collected by sifting leaf litter under banana and Ficus trees. Several ant species were found coexisting with this species, including Tetramorium hirsutum Collingwood & van Harten, 2005; Tapinoma wilsoni Sharaf & Aldawood and Lepisiota obtusa (Emery, 1901). This pseudoscorpion was also collected by sifting leaf litter under Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae). In Wadi Qonouna, it was collected from beneath a date palm tree, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecaceae), in loose sandy soil with a high moisture content and among roots of small Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) plants. The specimens were in company with Monomorium kondratieffi Sharaf & Aldawood, 2013 and Monomorium exiguum Forel, 1894. Other ant species occurring in the area included Monomorium destructor (Jerdon, 1851), M. mayri Forel, 1902, Tetramorium caldarium (Roger, 1857), T. sericeiventre Emery, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille, 1802), Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi (Mayr, 1904), Cardiocondyla sp., Pheidole sp. and Lepisiota sp.
description: Published as part of Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., 2014, Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia, pp. 387-393 in Zootaxa 3764 (3) on page 392, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/227547
Kyrgyzstancampa Sendra & Ferreira 2021, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Sendra, Alberto
name: Sánchez-García, Alba
name: Selfa, Jesús
name: Milko, Dmitry A.
name: Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Entognatha
Diplura
Campodeidae
Kyrgyzstancampa

description: Genus Kyrgyzstancampa Sendra & Ferreira gen. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8647AF6F-06B9-4D69-A01B-89BF113788C5
Type species
Kyrgyzstancampa sanare Sendra & Ferreira gen. et sp. nov.
Diagnosis
Sensilla of cupuliform organ paddle-shaped. Notal macrosetae pattern with 3+3 ma, la, and lp on pronotum and mesonotum. Femora with one dorsal macroseta and tibiae with one ventral macroseta. Claws subequal and regularly curved with ventral and lateral microspines. Laminar lateral processes striate on dorsal side with ridges surpassing apex and with short barbs on ventral side. Urotergites I– VII with up to 1+1 la and 2+2 lp macrosetae. First urosternite with 5+5 macrosetae, second to seventh urosternites with 3+3, and eighth urosternite with 1+1 macrosetae. First urosternite in males with glandular g 1, a 2 and a 1 setae; first urosternite in females with glandular a 1 setae.
Etymology
The genus name is a combination of ‘Kyrgyzstan’, the country where the material was found, and ‘campa’, a commonly applied suffix to dipluran generic names.
description: Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Sánchez-García, Alba, Selfa, Jesús, Milko, Dmitry A. & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2021, Campodeidae (Hexapoda: Diplura) from Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia, with the description of a remarkable new genus and species, pp. 1-20 in European Journal of Taxonomy 782 on page 4, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.782.1585, http://zenodo.org/record/5761387
Eumonostilifera
Creators: name: Kajihara, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nemertea
Enopla
Monostilifera

description: Suborder EUMONOSTILIFERA
Morphological circumscription
Given by Chernyshev (2011a: 191). Monostiliferans having cerebral organs not extending behind the brain (exceptions include Proamphiporus Chernyshev & Polyakova, 2019), with simple canal, but rarely with forked canal bearing a sac-shaped cavity; mouth and rhynchodaeum merge into rhynchostomodeum, or open into a common atrium; rhynchocoel wall of either two-layered (inner longitudinal and outer circular) or interwoven musculature; myofibrils located in fibrous core of lateral nerve cord.
Clade definition
Monostiliferans that are more closely related to Amphiporus lactifloreus (Johnston, 1828) than to Cratenemertes amboinensis (Bürger, 1890).
Remarks
Thollesson & Norenburg (2003: 414) defined Distromatonemertea as “the most inclusive clade comprising all monostiliferous nemertea except Cratenemertea ”. Ambiguity remains in this definition, because Cratenemertea was not clearly defined (see above). In descriptive terms, Distromatonemertea sounds as though it consists only of members with a two-layered rhynchocoel wall, which excludes Plectonemertidae. The name Distromatonemertea in the sense of Thollesson & Norenburg (2003) is thus problematic.
Chernyshev (2003a) placed Enopla (= Hoplonemertea) at the rank of subclass and included in it five orders— Pelagica, Reptantia, Cratenemertea, Eumonostilifera, and Bdellomorpha, abandoning Brinkmann’s (1917) Polystilifera and Monostilifera. Chernyshev (2003 a, 2005a) originally regarded Eumonostilifera as not encompassing Malacobdella. Later, Chernyshev (2011a: 191) amended the diagnosis of Eumonostilifera to accommodate Malacobdella. Although Distromatonemertea has nomenclatural precedence over Eumonostilifera, I here adopt the latter due to the taxonomic uncertainty in the former.
description: Published as part of Kajihara, Hiroshi, 2021, Higher classification of the Monostilifera (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea), pp. 151-199 in Zootaxa 4920 (2) on page 157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4920.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4475126