cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
DDR Innovations from the Colombian Peace Process with the FARC-EP
Creators: name: Institute for Integrated Transitions
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Colombian peace process
peacebuilding
armed conflict
FARC
FARC-EP
talks
guerrilla
combatants
peace deal
normalisation
demobilisation
National Council for Reincorporation
disarmament
reintegration
Havana peace talks
Colombia
IFIT
transitional justice
international actors
data management

description: After more than 50 years of armed conflict, the government of Colombia and the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia–Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP) signed a peace agreement in Havana in 2016, enabling the FARC-EP’s transition to legality and mainstream politics. During the talks, the parties formed a Technical Sub-Commission to work out the conditions for the FARC-EP to lay down its weapons and reincorporate its members into civilian life. Ultimately, 13,016 combatants (91% of registered FARC-EP members) demobilised and 8,994 weapons were collected, in addition to thousands of rounds of ammunition, explosives, mines and other munitions.

Based on the insights of insiders to the process, this brief paper highlights practice-relevant lessons and innovations in DDR (disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration) that emerged in the Havana peace talks and during the implementation phase.
title: Immobilization of different biomolecules by atomic force microscopy
Creators: name: Breitenstein, Michael
name: Hölzel, Ralph
name: Bier, Frank F.
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2020

description: Background Micrometer resolution placement and immobilization of probe molecules is an important step in the preparation of biochips and a wide range of lab-on-chip systems. Most known methods for such a deposition of several different substances are costly and only suitable for a limited number of probes. In this article we present a flexible procedure for simultaneous spatially controlled immobilization of functional biomolecules by molecular ink lithography. Results For the bottom-up fabrication of surface bound nanostructures a universal method is presented that allows the immobilization of different types of biomolecules with micrometer resolution. A supporting surface is biotinylated and streptavidin molecules are deposited with an AFM (atomic force microscope) tip at distinct positions. Subsequent incubation with a biotinylated molecule species leads to binding only at these positions. After washing streptavidin is deposited a second time with the same AFM tip and then a second biotinylated molecule species is coupled by incubation. This procedure can be repeated several times. Here we show how to immobilize different types of biomolecules in an arbitrary arrangement whereas most common methods can deposit only one type of molecules. The presented method works on transparent as well as on opaque substrates. The spatial resolution is better than 400 nm and is limited only by the AFM's positional accuracy after repeated z-cycles since all steps are performed in situ without moving the supporting surface. The principle is demonstrated by hybridization to different immobilized DNA oligomers and was validated by fluorescence microscopy. Conclusions The immobilization of different types of biomolecules in high-density microarrays is a challenging task for biotechnology. The method presented here not only allows for the deposition of DNA at submicrometer resolution but also for proteins and other molecules of biological relevance that can be coupled to biotin.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 872
Bounding non-rationality of divisors on 3-fold Fano fibrations
Creators: name: Birkar, Caucher
name: Loginov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we investigate non-rationality of divisors on 3-fold log Fano fibrations $(X,B)\to Z$ under mild conditions. We show that if $D$ is a component of $B$ with coefficient $\ge t>0$ which is contracted to a point on $Z$, then $D$ is birational to $\mathbb{P}^1\times C$ where $C$ is a smooth projective curve with gonality bounded depending only on $t$. Moreover, if $t>\frac{1}{2}$, then genus of $C$ is bounded depending only on $t$.
description: 19 pages
On unified framework for continuous-time grey models: an integral matching perspective
Creators: name: Wei, Baolei
name: Xie, Naiming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since most of the research about grey forecasting models is focused on developing novel models and improving accuracy, relatively limited attention has been paid to the modelling mechanism and relationships among diverse kinds of models. This paper aims to unify and reconstruct continuous-time grey models, highlighting the differences and similarities among different models. First, the unified form of grey models is proposed and simplified into a reduced-order ordinary differential equation. Then, the integral matching that consists of integral transformation and least squares, is proposed to estimate the structural parameter and initial value simultaneously. The cumulative sum operator, an essential element in grey modelling, proves to be the discrete approximation of the integral transformation formula. Next, grey models are reconstructed by the integral matching-based ordinary differential equations. Finally, the existing grey models are compared with the reconstructed models through extensive simulation studies, and a real-world example shows how to apply and further verify the reconstructed model.
The mitochondrial genome of the deep-sea glass sponge Lophophysema eversa (Porifera, Hexacinellida, Hyalonematidae)
Creators: name: Yanjie Zhang
name: Sun, Jin
name: Xinzheng Li
name: Qiu, Jian-Wen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: We reported a nearly complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) from the glass sponge Lophophysema eversa, the second mitogenome in the order Amphidiscosida and the ninth in the class Hexactinellida. It is 20,651 base pairs in length and contains 39 genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA subunit genes and 24 tRNA genes. The gene content and order of L. eversa are identical to those of Tabachnickia sp., the other species with a sequenced mitogenome in Amphidiscosida, except with two additional tRNAs and three tRNA translocations. The cob gene has a +1 translational frameshift. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the phylogeny of glass sponges.
title: Ordnung des Zentrums für Schulforschung und Lehrerbildung (Z_Schule) der TU Braunschweig
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Braunschweig. Fakultät 6
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ordnung
subject: 379

description: Hochschulöffentliche Bekanntmachungen der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, vol. 1196
Synergies and Prospects for Early Resolution of the Neutrino Mass Ordering
Creators: name: Cabrera, Anatael
name: Han, Yang
name: Obolensky, Michel
name: Cavalier, Fabien
name: Coelho, João
name: Nicolás, Diana Navas
name: Nunokawa, Hiroshi
name: Simard, Laurent
name: Bian, Jianming
name: Nayak, Nitish
name: Ochoa-Ricoux, Juan Pedro
name: Roskovec, Bedřich
name: Chimenti, Pietro
name: Dusini, Stefano
name: Bongrand, Mathieu
name: Karaparambil, Rebin
name: Lebrin, Victor
name: Viaud, Benoit
name: Yermia, Frederic
name: Asquith, Lily
name: Bezerra, Thiago J. C.
name: Hartnell, Jeff
name: Lasorak, Pierre
name: Ling, Jiajie
name: Liao, Jiajun
name: Yu, Hongzhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of neutrino Mass Ordering (MO) is a fundamental element for the understanding of leptonic flavour sector of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. Its determination relies on the precise measurement of $Δm^2_{31}$ and $Δm^2_{32}$ using either neutrino vacuum oscillations, such as the ones studied by medium baseline reactor experiments, or matter effect modified oscillations such as those manifesting in long-baseline neutrino beams (LB$ν$B) or atmospheric neutrino experiments. Despite existing MO indication today, a fully resolved MO measurement ($\geq$5$σ$) is most likely to await for the next generation of neutrino experiments: JUNO, whose stand-alone sensitivity is $\sim$3$σ$, or LB$ν$B experiments (DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande). Upcoming atmospheric neutrino experiments are also expected to provide precious information. In this work, we study the possible context for the earliest full MO resolution. A firm resolution is possible even before 2028, exploiting mainly vacuum oscillation, upon the combination of JUNO and the current generation of LB$ν$B experiments (NOvA and T2K). This opportunity is possible thanks to a powerful synergy boosting the overall sensitivity where the sub-percent precision of $Δm^2_{32}$ by LB$ν$B experiments is found to be the leading order term for the MO earliest discovery. We also found that the comparison between matter and vacuum driven oscillation results enables unique discovery potential for physics beyond the Standard Model.
description: Entitled in arXiv:2008.11280v1 as "Earliest Resolution to the Neutrino Mass Ordering?"
Biocatalytic synthesis of 3,4,5,3′,5′-pentahydroxy-trans-stilbene from piceatannol by two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase HpaBC
Creators: name: Kuniki Kino
name: Furuya, Toshiki
name: Sai, Masahiko
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Physics
subject: Biochemistry

description: HpaBC monooxygenase was previously reported to hydroxylate resveratrol to piceatannol. In this article, we report a novel catalytic activity of HpaBC for the synthesis of a pentahydroxylated stilbene. When Escherichia coli cells expressing HpaBC were incubated with resveratrol, the resulting piceatannol was further converted to a new product. This product was identified by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy as a 5-hydroxylated piceatannol, 3,4,5,3′,5′-pentahydroxy-trans-stilbene (PHS), which is a reportedly valuable biologically active stilbene derivative. We attempted to produce PHS from piceatannol on a flask scale. After examining the effects of detergents and buffers on PHS production, E. coli cells expressing HpaBC efficiently hydroxylated piceatannol to PHS in a reaction mixture containing 1.5% (v/v) Tween 80 and 100 mM 3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid-NaOH buffer at pH 7.5. Under the optimized conditions, the whole cells regioselectively hydroxylated piceatannol, and the production of PHS reached 6.9 mM (1.8 g L−1) in 48 h.
Expected centre of mass of the random Kodaira embedding
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Yoshinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C55 (Primary), 60B20 (Secondary)

description: Let $X \subset \mathbb{P}^{N-1}$ be a smooth projective variety. To each $g \in SL (N , \mathbb{C})$ which induces the embedding $g \cdot X \subset \mathbb{P}^{N-1}$ given by the ambient linear action we can associate a matrix $\barμ_X (g)$ called the centre of mass, which depends nonlinearly on $g$. With respect to the probability measure on $SL (N , \mathbb{C})$ induced by the Haar measure and the Gaussian unitary ensemble, we prove that the expectation of the centre of mass is a constant multiple of the identity matrix for any smooth projective variety.
description: v2: 18 pages, minor corrections. v3: 14 pages, corrected proof, final version
On the verge of life: Distribution of nucleotide sequences in viral RNAs
Creators: name: Husev, Mykola
name: Rovenchak, Andrij
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The aim of the study is to analyze viruses using parameters obtained from distributions of nucleotide sequences in the viral RNA. Seeking for the input data homogeneity, we analyze single-stranded RNA viruses only. Two approaches are used to obtain the nucleotide sequences; In the first one, chunks of equal length (four nucleotides) are considered. In the second approach, the whole RNA genome is divided into parts by adenine or the most frequent nucleotide as a "space". Rank--frequency distributions are studied in both cases. Within the first approach, the Pólya and the negative hypergeometric distribution yield the best fit. For the distributions obtained within the second approach, we have calculated a set of parameters, including entropy, mean sequence length, and its dispersion. The calculated parameters became the basis for the classification of viruses. We observed that proximity of viruses on planes spanned on various pairs of parameters corresponds to related species. In certain cases, such a proximity is observed for unrelated species as well calling thus for the expansion of the set of parameters used in the classification. We also observed that the fourth most frequent nucleotide sequences obtained within the second approach are of different nature in case of human coronaviruses (different nucleotides for MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 versus identical nucleotides for four other coronaviruses). We expect that our findings will be useful as a supplementary tool in the classification of diseases caused by RNA viruses with respect to severity and contagiousness.
Dependence of the IRX-$β$ dust attenuation relation on metallicity and environment
Creators: name: Shivaei, Irene
name: Darvish, Behnam
name: Sattari, Zahra
name: Chartab, Nima
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Scoville, Nick
name: Rieke, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a sample of star-forming field and protocluster galaxies at z=2.0-2.5 with Keck/MOSFIRE K-band spectra, a wealth of rest-frame UV photometry, and Spitzer/MIPS and Herschel/PACS observations, to dissect the relation between the ratio of IR to UV luminosity (IRX) versus UV slope ($β$) as a function of gas-phase metallicity (12+log(O/H)~8.2-8.7). We find no significant dependence of the IRX-$β$ trend on environment. However, we find that at a given $β$, IRX is highly correlated with metallicity, and less correlated with mass, age, and sSFR. We conclude that, of the physical properties tested here, metallicity is the primary physical cause of the IRX-$β$ scatter, and the IRX correlation with mass is presumably due to the mass dependence on metallicity. Our results indicate that the UV attenuation curve steepens with decreasing metallicity, and spans the full range of slope possibilities from a shallow Calzetti-type curve for galaxies with the highest metallicity in our sample (12+log(O/H)~8.6) to a steep SMC-like curve for those with 12+log(O/H)~8.3. Using a Calzetti (SMC) curve for the low (high) metallicity galaxies can lead to up to a factor of 3 overestimation (underestimation) of the UV attenuation and obscured SFR. We speculate that this change is due to different properties of dust grains present in the ISM of low- and high-metallicity galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
The mitochondrial genome of the deep-sea glass sponge Lophophysema eversa (Porifera, Hexacinellida, Hyalonematidae)
Creators: name: Yanjie Zhang
name: Sun, Jin
name: Xinzheng Li
name: Qiu, Jian-Wen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: We reported a nearly complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) from the glass sponge Lophophysema eversa, the second mitogenome in the order Amphidiscosida and the ninth in the class Hexactinellida. It is 20,651 base pairs in length and contains 39 genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA subunit genes and 24 tRNA genes. The gene content and order of L. eversa are identical to those of Tabachnickia sp., the other species with a sequenced mitogenome in Amphidiscosida, except with two additional tRNAs and three tRNA translocations. The cob gene has a +1 translational frameshift. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the phylogeny of glass sponges.
Parton energy loss in a hard-soft factorized approach
Creators: name: Dai, Tianyu
name: Paquet, Jean-François
name: Teaney, Derek
name: Bass, Steffen A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An energetic parton travelling through a quark-gluon plasma loses energy via occasional hard scatterings and frequent softer interactions. Whether or not these interactions admit a perturbative description, the effect of the soft interactions can be factorized and encoded in a small number of transport coefficients. In this work, we present a hard-soft factorized parton energy loss model which combines a stochastic description of soft interactions and rate-based modelling of hard scatterings. We introduce a scale to estimate the regime of validity of the stochastic description, allowing for a better understanding of the model's applicability at small and large coupling. We study the energy and fermion-number cascade of energetic partons as an application of the model.
description: 25 pages, 21 figures, match published version
Counterintuitive gate dependence of weak antilocalization in bilayer graphene/WSe$_2$ heterostructures
Creators: name: Amann, Julia
name: Völkl, Tobias
name: Rockinger, Tobias
name: Kochan, Denis
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Eroms, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong gate control of proximity-induced spin-orbit coupling was recently predicted in bilayer graphene/transition metal dichalcogenides (BLG/TMDC) heterostructures, as charge carriers can easily be shifted between the two graphene layers, and only one of them is in close contact to the TMDC. The presence of spin-orbit coupling can be probed by weak antilocalization (WAL) in low field magnetotransport measurements. When the spin-orbit splitting in such a heterostructure increases with the out of plane electric displacement field $\bar D$, one intuitively expects a concomitant increase of WAL visibility. Our experiments show that this is not the case. Instead, we observe a maximum of WAL visibility around $\bar D=0$. This counterintuitive behaviour originates in the intricate dependence of WAL in graphene on symmetric and antisymmetric spin lifetimes, caused by the valley-Zeeman and Rashba terms, respectively. Our observations are confirmed by calculating spin precession and spin lifetimes from an $8\times 8$ model Hamiltonian of BLG/TMDC.
description: Accepted by Phys Rev B
title: A Simple Equation for Quantifying the Cosmos
title: Time and Expansion of the Early Universe
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Khan, Zafar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this working paper, I introduce a method to estimate the observable universe's size at three minutes after the Big Bang, leveraging a matter-dominated scaling equation. The initial approach uses a linear scaling factor, while refinements incorporate a nonlinear scale to better represent the early universe’s rapid inflation and subsequent deceleration phases. By applying a refined age scaling equation, this work estimates the universe's radius and light travel time under assumptions of constant and variable expansion rates. It also discusses limitations of linear models and the benefits of integrating cosmological parameters for enhanced accuracy. Intended as a preliminary exploration, this model invites further examination and refinements to understand the early universe's scale and expansion history more precisely.
Guesswork of a quantum ensemble
Creators: name: Dall'Arno, Michele
name: Buscemi, Francesco
name: Koshiba, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The guesswork of a quantum ensemble quantifies the minimum number of guesses needed in average to correctly guess the state of the ensemble, when only one state can be queried at a time. Here, we derive analytical solutions of the guesswork problem subject to a finite set of conditions, including the analytical solution for any qubit ensemble with uniform probability distribution. As explicit examples, we compute the guesswork for any qubit regular polygonal and polyhedral ensemble.
description: 5 pages, 2 figure
Factors associated with higher healthcare costs in individuals living with arthritis: evidence from the quantile regression approach
Creators: name: TKT Lo
name: Parkinson, Lynne
name: Cunich, Michelle
name: Byles, Julie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Objective: To examine the factors associated with higher healthcare cost in women with arthritis, using generalized linear models (GLMs) and quantile regression (QR). Methods: This is a cross-sectional healthcare cost study of individuals with arthritis that focused on older Australian women. Cost data were drawn from the Medicare Australia datasets. Results: GLM results show that healthcare cost was significantly associated with various socio-demographic and health factors. Although QR analysis results show the same direction of association between these factors and healthcare cost as in the GLMs, they indicate progressively increased effect sizes at the 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th percentiles. Conclusion: Findings suggest traditional regression models such as GLMs that assume a single rate of change to accurately describe the relationships between explanatory variables and healthcare costs across the entire distribution of cost can produce biased results. QR should be considered in future healthcare cost research.
A multivariate extension of the Lorenz curve based on copulas and a related multivariate Gini coefficient
Creators: name: Grothe, Oliver
name: Kächele, Fabian
name: Schmid, Friedrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62H05, 62P20

description: We propose an extension of the univariate Lorenz curve and of the Gini coefficient to the multivariate case, i.e., to simultaneously measure inequality in more than one variable. Our extensions are based on copulas and measure inequality stemming from inequality in every single variable as well as inequality stemming from the dependence structure of the variables. We derive simple nonparametric estimators for both instruments and apply them exemplary to data of individual income and wealth for various countries.
description: The version of record of this article, first published in Journal of Economic Inequality (2022), is available online at Publisher's website: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-022-09533-x
Larger Farms and Younger Farmers Are More Vulnerable to Financial Stress
Creators: name: Key, Nigel
name: Key, Nigel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: farm economy
subject: net cash
subject: Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS)
subject: gross cash farm income (GCFI)
subject: term debt coverage ratio (TDCR)

description: Farm-level measures of solvency, liquidity, and repayment capacity indicate that farms with at least $100,000 in annual sales were more likely to be under financial stress than smaller-scale operations in 2017. Levels of financial stress that year were near 20-year averages and not as severe as peak levels in 2002. If gross cash farm income in 2017 were to fall by 20 percent, the share of farms in extreme financial stress would increase relatively more for larger-scale farms, farms with a principal operator under age 40, and dairy farms.
Non-i.i.d. random holomorphic dynamical systems and the generic dichotomy
Creators: name: Sumi, Hiroki
name: Watanabe, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F10, 37H10

description: We consider non-i.i.d. random holomorphic dynamical systems whose choice of maps depends on Markovian rules. We show that generically, such a system is mean stable or chaotic with full Julia set. If a system is mean stable, then the Lyapunov exponent is uniformly negative for every initial value and almost every random orbit. Moreover, we consider families of random holomorphic dynamical systems and show that the set of mean stable systems has full measure under certain conditions. The latter is a new result even for i.i.d. random dynamical systems.
description: 25 pages. Published in Nonlinearity 35 (2022) 1857--1875. The published version of this paper contains serious typos in Main result C (we asked the publisher of the journal to fix the typo several times before the publication of this paper, but it did not work), which have been corrected in the arXiv version
Accreditations of Alelaimat Chemistry Laboratory as training of clinical chemistry workspace
Creators: name: Alelaimat, Abdul Kareem
Publisher: name: Alelaimat Chemistry Laboratory
Year: 2024

description: This is the accreditations of my institute home-based laboratory of Alelaimat chemistry laboratory to making the treatment for all diseases J.A.F. fingal to be applied on clinical chemistry experimental approach on all five kingdom in biochemistry.
Recurrent Sums and Partition Identities
Creators: name: Haddad, Roudy El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11P84 (Primary) 11B73, 11M32, 05A18 (Secondary)

description: Sums of the form $\sum_{N_m=q}^{n}{\cdots \sum_{N_1=q}^{N_2}{a_{(m);N_m}\cdots a_{(1);N_1}}}$ where the $a_{(k);N_k}$'s are same or distinct sequences appear quite often in mathematics. We will refer to them as recurrent sums. In this paper, we introduce a variety of formulas to help manipulate and work with this type of sums. We begin by developing variation formulas that allow the variation of a recurrent sum of order $m$ to be expressed in terms of lower order recurrent sums. We then proceed to derive theorems (which we will call inversion formulas) which show how to interchange the order of summation in a multitude of ways. Later, we introduce a set of new partition identities in order to then prove a reduction theorem which permits the expression of a recurrent sum in terms of a combination of non-recurrent sums. Finally, we apply this reduction theorem to a recurrent form of two famous types of sums: The $p$-series and the sum of powers.
description: 34 pages
Allocating Protection Resources to Facilities When the Effect of Protection is Uncertain
Creators: name: Medal, Hugh R.
name: Pohl, Edward A.
name: Rossetti, Manuel D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: We study a new facility protection problem in which one must allocate scarce protection resources to a set of facilities given that allocating resources to a facility only has a probabilistic effect on the facility’s post-disruption capacity. This study seeks to test three common assumptions made in the literature on modeling infrastructure systems subject to disruptions: 1) perfect protection, e.g., protecting an element makes it fail-proof, 2) binary protection, i.e., an element is either fully protected or unprotected, and 3) binary state, i.e., disrupted elements are fully operational or non-operational. We model this facility protection problem as a two-stage stochastic program with endogenous uncertainty. Because this stochastic program is non-convex we present a greedy algorithm and show that it has a worst-case performance of 0.63. However, empirical results indicate that the average performance is much better. In addition, experimental results indicate that the mean-value version of this model, in which parameters are set to their mean values, performs close to optimal. Results also indicate that the perfect and binary protection assumptions together significantly affect the performance of a model. On the other hand, the binary state assumption was found to have a smaller effect.
Multiple Sums and Partition Identities
Creators: name: Haddad, Roudy El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11P84 (Primary) 11B73, 11M32, 11C08 (Secondary)

description: Sums of the form $\sum_{q \leq N_1 < \cdots < N_m \leq n}{a_{(m);N_m}\cdots a_{(2);N_2}a_{(1);N_1}}$ date back to the sixteen century when Viète illustrated that the relation linking the roots and coefficients of a polynomial had this form. In more recent years, such sums have become increasingly used with a diversity of applications. In this paper, we develop formulae to help with manipulating such sums (which we will refer to as multiple sums). We develop variation formulae that express the variation of multiple sums in terms of lower order multiple sums. Additionally, we derive a set of partition identities that we use to prove a reduction theorem that expresses multiple sums as a combination of simple (non-recurrent) sums. We present a variety of applications including applications concerning polynomials and MZVs as well as a generalization of the binomial theorem. Finally, we establish the connection between multiple sums and a type of sums called recurrent sums. By exploiting this connection, we provide additional partition identities for odd and even partitions.
description: 36 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2101.09089
An $N/D$ study of the $S_{11}$ channel $πN$ scattering amplitude
Creators: name: Li, Qu-Zhi
name: Ma, Yao
name: Niu, Wen-Qi
name: Wang, Yu-Fei
name: Zheng, Han-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extensive dynamical $N/D$ calculations are made in the study of $S_{11}$ channel low energy $π$N scatterings, based on various phenomenological model inputs of left cuts at tree level. The subtleties of the singular behavior of the partial wave amplitude at the origin of the complex $s$ plane are carefully analysed. Furthermore, { it is found that the dispersion representation for the phase shift, $δ$, has to be modified in the case of $π$N scatterings. An additional contribution from the dispersion integral exists, which is, however, almost exactly cancelled the contribution from two virtual poles located near the end points of the segment cut induced by $u$ channel nucleon exchanges.} Relying very little on the details of the dynamical inputs, the subthreshold resonance $N^*(890)$ survives.
description: Minor corrections, one reference added. Final version accepted for publication in Chinese Physics C
Statistical Inference for Ordinal Predictors in Generalized Linear and Additive Models with Application to Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Creators: name: Gertheiss, Jan
name: Scheipl, Fabian
name: Lauer, Tina
name: Ehrhardt, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discrete but ordered covariates are quite common in applied statistics, and some regularized fitting procedures have been proposed for proper handling of ordinal predictors in statistical modeling. In this study, we show how quadratic penalties on adjacent dummy coefficients of ordinal predictors proposed in the literature can be incorporated in the framework of generalized additive models, making tools for statistical inference developed there available for ordinal predictors as well. Motivated by an application from neonatal medicine, we discuss whether results obtained when constructing confidence intervals and testing significance of smooth terms in generalized additive models are useful with ordinal predictors/penalties as well.
Spectral triples on irreversible $C^*$-dynamical systems
Creators: name: Aiello, Valeriano
name: Guido, Daniele
name: Isola, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58B34, 46LXX, 47L65

description: Given a spectral triple on a $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal A$ together with a unital injective endomorphism $α$, the problem of defining a suitable crossed product $C^*$-algebra endowed with a spectral triple is addressed. The proposed construction is mainly based on the works of Cuntz and of Hawkins, Skalski, White and Zacharias, and on our previous papers. The embedding of $α(\mathcal A)$ in $\mathcal A$ can be considered as the dual form of a covering projection between noncommutative spaces. A main assumption is the expansiveness of the endomorphism, which takes the form of the local isometricity of the covering projection and is expressed via the compatibility of the Lip-norms on $\mathcal A$ and $α(\mathcal A)$.
description: 25 pages, to appear in the International Journal of Mathematics
Visualizing hierarchies in scRNA-seq data using a density tree-biased autoencoder
Creators: name: Garrido, Quentin
name: Damrich, Sebastian
name: Jäger, Alexander
name: Cerletti, Dario
name: Claassen, Manfred
name: Najman, Laurent
name: Hamprecht, Fred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivation: Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data makes studying the development of cells possible at unparalleled resolution. Given that many cellular differentiation processes are hierarchical, their scRNA-seq data is expected to be approximately tree-shaped in gene expression space. Inference and representation of this tree-structure in two dimensions is highly desirable for biological interpretation and exploratory analysis.Results:Our two contributions are an approach for identifying a meaningful tree structure from high-dimensional scRNA-seq data, and a visualization method respecting the tree-structure. We extract the tree structure by means of a density based minimum spanning tree on a vector quantization of the data and show that it captures biological information well. We then introduce DTAE, a tree-biased autoencoder that emphasizes the tree structure of the data in low dimensional space. We compare to other dimension reduction methods and demonstrate the success of our method both qualitatively and quantitatively on real and toy data.Availability: Our implementation relying on PyTorch and Higra is available at https://github.com/hci-unihd/DTAE.
Development, characterization and toxicological evaluations of phospholipids complexes of curcumin for effective drug delivery in cancer chemotherapy
Creators: name: Khatik, Renuka
name: Dwivedi, Pankaj
name: Ankita Shukla
name: Srivastava, Pallavi
name: Srikanta Kumar Rath
name: Sarvesh Kumar Paliwal
name: Dwivedi, Anil Kumar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Cancer
Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Neuroscience
Cell Biology
Engineering
Biochemistry
Biophysics

description: The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize the complexes between curcumin (CU) phosphatidylcholine (PC) and hydrogenated soya phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and to evaluate their anticancer activity. These CU–PC and CU–HSPC complexes (CU–PC-C and CU–HSPC-C) were evaluated for various physical parameters like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, melting point, solubility, scanning electron microscopy and the in vitro drug release study. These data confirmed the formation of phospholipids complexes. The in vitro hemolysis study showed that the complex was non-hemolytic. The anti-cancer potential of the complexes was demonstrated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay in MCF-7 cell line. This increase may be due to the amphiphilic nature of the complexes, which significantly enhances the water and lipid solubility of the CU. Unlike the free CU (which showed a total of only 90% drug release at the end of 8 h), complex showed around 40–60% release at the end of 8 h in dissolution studies. It showed that (when given in equimolar doses) complexes have significantly decreased the amount of CU available for absorption as compared with CU-free drug. Both CU-PC-C and CU-HSPC-C were found to be non-toxic at the dose equivalent to 2000 mg/kg of body weight of CU in the toxicity study. Acute and subacute toxicity studies confirmed the oral safety of the formulation. A series of genotoxicity studies was conducted, which revealed the non-genotoxicity potential of the developed complexes. Thus, it can be concluded that the phospholipid complexes of CU may be a promising candidate in cancer therapy.
title: In vitro degradation of wheat gluten fractions by Fusarium graminearum proteases
Creators: name: Eggert, Kai
name: Rawel, Hashadrai M.
name: Pawelzik, Elke
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2020

description: Fusarium spp. infection of cereal grain is a common problem, which leads to a dramatic loss of grain quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Fusarium infection on the wheat storage protein gluten and its fractions, the gliadins and glutenins, in an in vitro model system. Gluten proteins were digested by F. graminearum proteases for 2, 4, 8 and 24 h, separated by Osborne fractionation and characterised by chromatographic (RP-HPLC) and electrophoretic analysis (SDS-Page). Gluten digestion by F. graminearum proteases showed in comparison with gliadins a preference for the glutenins whereas the HMW subfraction was at most affected. In comparison with a untreated control, the HMW subfraction was degraded of about 97% after 4 h incubation with Fusarium proteases. Separate digestion of gliadin and glutenin underlined the preference for HMW-GS. Analogue to the observed change in the gluten composition, the yield of the proteins extracted changed. A higher amount of glutenin fragments was found in the gliadin extraction solution after digestion and could mask a gliadin destruction at the same time. This observation can contribute to explain the frequently reported reduced glutenin amount parallel to an increase in gliadin quantity after Fusarium infection in grains.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 877
title: Herbicide risk assessments of non-target terrestrial plant communities
title: A graphical user interface for the plant community model IBC-grass
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Reeg, Jette
name: Heine, Simon
name: Mihan, Christine
name: McGee, Sean
name: Preuss, Thomas G.
name: Jeltsch, Florian
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2020

description: Plants located adjacent to agricultural fields are important for maintaining biodiversity in semi-natural landscapes. To avoid undesired impacts on these plants due to herbicide application on the arable fields, regulatory risk assessments are conducted prior to registration to ensure proposed uses of plant protection products do not present an unacceptable risk. The current risk assessment approach for these non-target terrestrial plants (NTTPs) examines impacts at the individual-level as a surrogate approach for protecting the plant community due to the inherent difficulties of directly assessing population or community level impacts. However, modelling approaches are suitable higher tier tools to upscale individual-level effects to community level. IBC-grass is a sophisticated plant community model, which has already been applied in several studies. However, as it is a console application software, it was not deemed sufficiently user-friendly for risk managers and assessors to be conveniently operated without prior expertise in ecological models. Here, we present a user-friendly and open source graphical user interface (GUI) for the application of IBC-grass in regulatory herbicide risk assessment. It facilitates the use of the plant community model for predicting long-term impacts of herbicide applications on NTTP communities. The GUI offers two options to integrate herbicide impacts: (1) dose responses based on current standard experiments (acc. to testing guidelines) and (2) based on specific effect intensities. Both options represent suitable higher tier options for future risk assessments of NTTPs as well as for research on the ecological relevance of effects.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 874
Segregation, integration and balance of large-scale resting brain networks configure different cognitive abilities
Creators: name: Wang, Rong
name: Liu, Mianxin
name: Cheng, Xinhong
name: Wu, Ying
name: Hildebrandt, Andrea
name: Zhou, Changsong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Diverse cognitive processes set different demands on locally segregated and globally integrated brain activity. However, it remains unclear how resting brains configure their functional organization to balance the demands on network segregation and integration to best serve cognition. Here, we use an eigenmode-based approach to identify hierarchical modules in functional brain networks, and quantify the functional balance between network segregation and integration. In a large sample of healthy young adults (n=991), we combine the whole-brain resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data with a mean-filed model on the structural network derived from diffusion tensor imaging and demonstrate that resting brain networks are on average close to a balanced state. This state allows for a balanced time dwelling at segregated and integrated configurations, and highly flexible switching between them. Furthermore, we employ structural equation modelling to estimate general and domain-specific cognitive phenotypes from nine tasks, and demonstrate that network segregation, integration and their balance in resting brains predict individual differences in diverse cognitive phenotypes. More specifically, stronger integration is associated with better general cognitive ability, stronger segregation fosters crystallized intelligence and processing speed, and individual's tendency towards balance supports better memory. Our findings provide a comprehensive and deep understanding of the brain's functioning principles in supporting diverse functional demands and cognitive abilities, and advance modern network neuroscience theories of human cognition.
description: 36 pages, 5 figures
Sampling from the low temperature Potts model through a Markov chain on flows
Creators: name: Huijben, Jeroen
name: Patel, Viresh
name: Regts, Guus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we consider the algorithmic problem of sampling from the Potts model and computing its partition function at low temperatures. Instead of directly working with spin configurations, we consider the equivalent problem of sampling flows. We show, using path coupling, that a simple and natural Markov chain on the set of flows is rapidly mixing. As a result we find a $δ$-approximate sampling algorithm for the Potts model at low enough temperatures, whose running time is bounded by $O(m^2\log(mδ^{-1}))$ for graphs $G$ with $m$ edges.
description: Slightly revised version based on referee comments. No significant changes. Accepted in Random Structures and Algorithms
Hawking radiation of scalar particles and fermions from squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes based on a generalized uncertainty principle
Creators: name: Matsuno, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Hawking radiation from the five-dimensional charged static squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole by the tunneling of charged scalar particles and charged fermions. In contrast to the previous studies of Hawking radiation from squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes, we consider the phenomenological quantum gravity effects predicted by the generalized uncertainty principle with the minimal measurable length. We derive corrections of the Hawking temperature to general relativity, which are related to the energy of the emitted particle, the size of the compact extra dimension, the charge of the black hole and the existence of the minimal length in the squashed Kaluza-Klein geometry. We obtain some known Hawking temperatures in five and four-dimensional black hole spacetimes by taking limits in the modified temperature. We show that the generalized uncertainty principle may slow down the increase of the Hawking temperature due to the radiation, which may lead to the thermodynamic stable remnant of the order of the Planck mass after the evaporation of the squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole. We also find that the sparsity of the Hawking radiation modified by the generalized uncertainty principle may become infinite when the mass of the squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole approaches its remnant mass.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures