cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Differential suppression of interferon-γ-induced Ia antigen expression on cultured rat astroglia and microglia by second messengers
Creators: name: Levison, S.W.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Sasaki, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1990

description: The roles of intracellular second messengers in interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced Ia antigen (Ag) expression by astroglia and microglia were examined. Ia Ag on both glia types was induced by IFN-γ. Reagents known to increase intracellular cAMP or activate intracellular protein kinase C (PKC) reduced IFN-γ-induced Ia Ag expression by astroglia. In contrast, increasing intracellular cAMP had no suppressive effect on Ia Ag expression by microglia. These results indicate (1) cAMP and PKC negatively regulate IFN-γ-induced Ia expression on astroglia, and (2) Ia expression is regulated differentially in astroglia vs. microglia. These findings may explain the frequent observation of Ia+ microglia (or macrophages) but not astroglia in various neurodegenerative diseases.
Comparison and quantitation of Ia antigen expression on cultured macroglia and ameboid microglia from Lewis rat cerebral cortex: analyses and implications
Creators: name: Sasaki, A.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Levison, S.W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1989

description: We isolated two subclasses of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ameboid microglia from Lewis rat cerebral cortex and analyzed Ia antigen expression on each glial cell type by immunofluorescent microscopy and cytofluorometry. All of these expressed little or no Ia without interferon-γ (IFN-γ) treatment. Following IFN-γ treatment, Ia expression was observed on a majority (∼ 80%) of ameboid microglia, on half (∼ 55%) of the type 1 astrocytes, on a small number (∼ 7%) of type 2 astrocytes, but not on oligodendrocytes. These findings suggest that the type 1 astrocyte and microglia may play more predominant roles in Ia-related, immune-mediated intracerebral lesions although the type 2 astrocytes may also be involved.
D-JRP-PARADISE-WP2.1 Protocol for 18S rDNA-based amplicon sequencing for detection of relevant Foodborne Parasites
Creators: name: Caccio, Simone Mario
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: PARADISE; Cryptosporidium parvum; Giardia duodenalis

description: This is the report of the Deliverable WP2.1 (Protocol for 18S rDNA-based amplicon sequencing for detection of relevant FBPs) of the OHEJP project PARADISE (DJRP-19).
Forecasting the spatial and temporal charging demand of fully electrified urban private car transportation based on large-scale traffic simulation
Creators: name: Straub, Florian
name: Maier, Otto
name: Göhlich, Dietmar
name: Zou, Yuan
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: electric vehicle
subject: activity-based simulation
subject: transportation electrification
subject: spatial temporal distribution of charging demand
subject: open data

description: To support power grid operators to detect and evaluate potential power grid congestions due to the electrification of urban private cars, accurate models are needed to determine the charging energy and power demand of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with high spatial and temporal resolution. Typically, e-mobility traffic simulations are used for this purpose. In particular, activity-based mobility models are used because they individually model the activity and travel patterns of each person in the considered geographical area. In addition to inaccuracies in determining the spatial distribution of BEV charging demand, one main limitation of the activity-based models proposed in the literature is that they rely on data describing traffic flow in the considered area. However, these data are not available for most places in the world. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel approach to develop an activity-based model that overcomes the spatial limitations and does not require traffic flow data as an input parameter. Instead, a route assignment procedure assigns a destination to each BEV trip based on the evaluation of all possible destinations. The basis of this evaluation is the travel distance and speed between the origin of the trip and the destination, as well as the car-access attractiveness and the availability of parking spots at the destinations. The applicability of this model is demonstrated for the urban area of Berlin, Germany, and its 448 sub-districts. For each district in Berlin, both the required daily BEV charging energy demand and the power demand are determined. In addition, the load shifting potential is investigated for an exemplary district. The results show that peak power demand can be reduced by up to 31.7% in comparison to uncontrolled charging.
Exploring Sparse Spatial Relation in Graph Inference for Text-Based VQA
Creators: name: Zhou, Sheng
name: Guo, Dan
name: Li, Jia
name: Yang, Xun
name: Wang, Meng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Text-based visual question answering (TextVQA) faces the significant challenge of avoiding redundant relational inference. To be specific, a large number of detected objects and optical character recognition (OCR) tokens result in rich visual relationships. Existing works take all visual relationships into account for answer prediction. However, there are three observations: (1) a single subject in the images can be easily detected as multiple objects with distinct bounding boxes (considered repetitive objects). The associations between these repetitive objects are superfluous for answer reasoning; (2) two spatially distant OCR tokens detected in the image frequently have weak semantic dependencies for answer reasoning; and (3) the co-existence of nearby objects and tokens may be indicative of important visual cues for predicting answers. Rather than utilizing all of them for answer prediction, we make an effort to identify the most important connections or eliminate redundant ones. We propose a sparse spatial graph network (SSGN) that introduces a spatially aware relation pruning technique to this task. As spatial factors for relation measurement, we employ spatial distance, geometric dimension, overlap area, and DIoU for spatially aware pruning. We consider three visual relationships for graph learning: object-object, OCR-OCR tokens, and object-OCR token relationships. SSGN is a progressive graph learning architecture that verifies the pivotal relations in the correlated object-token sparse graph, and then in the respective object-based sparse graph and token-based sparse graph. Experiment results on TextVQA and ST-VQA datasets demonstrate that SSGN achieves promising performances. And some visualization results further demonstrate the interpretability of our method.
description: Accepted by TIP 2023
Synthesis and application of manganese dioxide coated magnetite for removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions
Creators: name: Calderón Rosas, Carla Andrea
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2010
Subjects: Magnetic adsorbent
Manganese dioxide
heavy metals sorption
sorption equilibrium
sorption kinetics

description: Manganese dioxide with magnetic properties has been synthesized by precipitation of MnO2 in the presence of magnetite. The adsorbent is almost exclusively a cation exchanger although sorption of oxoanions is also possible. Sorption experiment with Cd2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ ions revealed a preferred sorption. Alkaline earth ions such as Ca2+ affect the uptake only at high concentrations. Because of the small particles and the respective large specific surface, sorption is fast.
Towards Fast and Accurate Image-Text Retrieval with Self-Supervised Fine-Grained Alignment
Creators: name: Zhuang, Jiamin
name: Yu, Jing
name: Ding, Yang
name: Qu, Xiangyan
name: Hu, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image-text retrieval requires the system to bridge the heterogenous gap between vision and language for accurate retrieval while keeping the network lightweight-enough for efficient retrieval. Existing trade-off solutions mainly study from the view of incorporating cross-modal interactions with the independent-embedding framework or leveraging stronger pretrained encoders, which still demand time-consuming similarity measurement or heavyweight model structure in the retrieval stage. In this work, we propose an image-text alignment module SelfAlign on top of the independent-embedding framework, which improves the retrieval accuracy while maintains the retrieval efficiency without extra supervision. SelfAlign contains two collaborative sub-modules that force image-text alignment at both concept level and context level by self-supervised contrastive learning. It does not require cross-modal embedding interactions during training while maintaining independent image and text encoders during retrieval. With comparable time cost, SelfAlign consistently boosts the accuracy of state-of-the-art non-pretraining independent-embedding models respectively by 9.1%, 4.2% and 6.6% in terms of R@sum score on Flickr30K, MSCOCO 1K and MS-COCO 5K datasets. The retrieval accuracy also outperforms most existing interactive-embedding models with orders of magnitude decrease in retrieval time. The source code is available at: https://github.com/Zjamie813/SelfAlign.
description: Accepted in IEEE Transactions on Multimedia (TMM)
The expression and detection of MHC class I antigens on murine neuroblastoma and ependymoblastoma lines
Creators: name: Macchi, M.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Frelinger, J.A.
name: Takiguchi, M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 1987

description: It has been reported that human neuroblastoma lines are almost devoid of class I transplantation antigens, while human glioma lines express these antigens. Other studies have also shown a paucity of class I antigens on the murine neuroblastoma line N2A, and the expression of these antigens by the murine ependymoblastoma G26 lines. Such differences might represent heterogeneity in class I antigen expression by different brain cell types, and the importance of this to the immunology of the brain prompted us to re-examine class I expression by these cell lines in more detail. Using an exhaustive number of approaches, we were not able to detect significant differences in class I surface antigen expression between N2A and the G26 lines. We compared the murine neuroblastoma line Cl300 and its cloned derivative, N2A, to the lines G26-20 and G26-24. Antibody-dependent, complement-mediated cytotoxicity revealed detectable levels of both K and D region antigens on these lines. Immunocytofluorometric analysis further confirmed that these lines express high levels of class I antigens, although due to their large sizes, the surface densities of class I antigens on these cells are lower than splenocytes. This lower density of class I molecules did not impede the capacity of either the neuroblastoma or the G26 lines to serve as targets of H-2K- or D-specific T effectors. Finally, comparison of these two cell types for class I RNA transcripts also revealed no difference. Thus, our findings which are the most detailed study of these lines are drastically different from findings in humans as well as earlier findings in the murine system. Likely explanations are discussed and precautions are given for the study of class I antigen expression by these lines.
Higher-curvature generalization of Eguchi-Hanson spaces
Creators: name: Corral, Cristóbal
name: Flores-Alfonso, Daniel
name: Giribet, Gastón
name: Oliva, Julio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct higher-dimensional generalizations of the Eguchi-Hanson gravitational instanton in the presence of higher-curvature deformations of general relativity. These spaces are solutions to Einstein gravity supplemented with the dimensional extension of the quadratic Chern-Gauss-Bonnet invariant in arbitrary even dimension $D=2m\geq 4$, and they are constructed out of non-trivial fibrations over $(2m-2)$-dimensional Kähler-Einstein manifolds. Different aspects of these solutions are analyzed; among them, the regularization of the on-shell Euclidean action by means of the addition of topological invariants. We also consider higher-curvature corrections to the gravity action that are cubic in the Riemann tensor and explicitly construct Eguchi-Hanson type solutions for such.
description: v1: 17 pages; v2: Comments added, 18 pages, matches published version in Physical Review D
On the construction of integrated vertex in the pure spinor formalism in curved background
Creators: name: Mikhailov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83E50, 83E30, 16S37

description: We have previously described a way of describing the relation between unintegrated and integrated vertex operators in AdS5xS5 which uses the interpretation of the BRST cohomology as a Lie algebra cohomology and integrability properties of the AdS background. Here we clarify some details of that description, and develop a similar approach for an arbitrary curved background with nondegenerate RR bispinor. For an arbitrary curved background, the sigma-model is not integrable. However, we argue that a similar construction still works using an infinite-dimensional Lie algebroid.
description: LaTeX, 40pp; v2: small corrections; v3: small corrections, added Section 4.6
D-JRP19-WP1.2: Report of the Y4 meeting of the PARADISE project
Creators: name: SIMONE MARIO CACCIO'
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This is the report of the Y4 annual meeting of the “OHEJP Project: PARADISE, which was held virtually on October 26 via the Teams platform. This report is a deliverable of the project.
A novel approach to contact Hamiltonians and contact Hamilton-Jacobi theory
Creators: name: Grabowska, Katarzyna
name: Grabowski, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53D10, 53D35, 35F21, 70H20, 70G45, 70S05

description: We propose a novel approach to contact Hamiltonian mechanics which, in contrast to the one dominating in the literature, serves also for non-trivial contact structures. In this approach Hamiltonians are no longer functions on the contact manifold M itself but sections of a line bundle over M or, equivalently, 1-homogeneous functions on a certain GL(1,R)-principal bundle P\to M which is equipped with a homogeneous symplectic form ω. In other words, our understanding of contact geometry is that it is not an `odd-dimensional cousin' of symplectic geometry but rather a part of the latter, namely `homogeneous symplectic geometry'. This understanding of contact structures is much simpler than the traditional one and very effective in applications, reducing the contact Hamiltonian formalism to the standard symplectic picture. We develop in this language contact Hamiltonian mechanics in autonomous, as well as time-dependent case, and the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi theory. Fundamental examples are based on canonical contact structures on the first jet bundles J^1(L) of sections of line bundles L, which play in contact geometry a fundamental role similar to that played by cotangent bundles in symplectic geometry.
description: 31 pages
Improvements in obtaining and characterizing mouse cerebrospinal fluid. Application to mouse hepatitis virus-induced encephalomyelitis
Creators: name: Fleming, J.O.
name: Stohlman, S.A.
name: Weiner, L.P.
name: Ting, J.Y.P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1983

description: This report describes advances in techniques for analyzing cellular and humoral immune components in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the mouse that are applicable to other laboratory animals. CSF studies undertaken during experimental infection of mice with JHM strain virus (JHMV) of mouse hepatitis virus are presented. A critical pitfall which can lead to erroneous or invalid results is contamination of the CSF by even minute quantities of blood. Means of avoiding this contamination are attention to anatomical reference points, the use of a micropipet, and prior intracardiac perfusion of animals with phosphate-buffered saline. Cells in the CSF were typed as either B, T, polymorphonuclear, or mononuclear cells by the combination of a microcytotoxicity assay and histologic stains. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) allowed quantification of antibodies to JHMV in the CSF and indicated the presence of intrathecal synthesis of antibody in chronically infected mice. The combined use of these sensitive methods makes possible CSF analysis in individual mice rather than in pooled groups.
A high sensitivity tool for geophysical applications: A geometrically locked Ring Laser Gyroscope
Creators: name: Maccioni, E.
name: Beverini, N.
name: Carelli, G.
name: Di Somma, G.
name: Di Virgilio, A.
name: Marsili, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work demonstrates that a middle size ring laser gyroscope (RLG) can be a very sensitive and robust instrument for rotational seismology, even if it operates in a quite noisy environment. The RLG has a square cavity, $1.60\times 1.60$ m$^2$, and it lies in a plane orthogonal to the Earth rotational axis. The Fabry-Perot optical cavities along the diagonals of the square were accessed and their lengths were locked to a reference laser. Through a quite simple locking circuit, we were able to keep the sensor fully operative for 14 days. The obtained long term stability is of the order of 3~nanorad/s and the short term sensitivity close is to 2~nanorad/s$\cdot$Hz$^{-1/2}$. These results are limited only by the noisy environment, our laboratory is located in a building downtown.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 25 references
BibRank: Automatic Keyphrase Extraction Platform Using~Metadata
Creators: name: Eldallal, Abdelrhman
name: Barbu, Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic Keyphrase Extraction involves identifying essential phrases in a document. These keyphrases are crucial in various tasks such as document classification, clustering, recommendation, indexing, searching, summarization, and text simplification. This paper introduces a platform that integrates keyphrase datasets and facilitates the evaluation of keyphrase extraction algorithms. The platform includes BibRank, an automatic keyphrase extraction algorithm that leverages a rich dataset obtained by parsing bibliographic data in BibTeX format. BibRank combines innovative weighting techniques with positional, statistical, and word co-occurrence information to extract keyphrases from documents. The platform proves valuable for researchers and developers seeking to enhance their keyphrase extraction algorithms and advance the field of natural language processing.
description: 12 pages , 4 figures, 8 tables
Antiviral Effector RTP4 Bats against Flaviviruses
Creators: name: Nielsen, J.R.
name: Lazear, H.M.
Publisher: name: Cell Press
Year: 2020

description: Bats harbor diverse viruses and manifest distinct antiviral immune responses. Recently in Cell Host & Microbe, Boys et al. demonstrated that bat receptor transporter protein 4 (RTP4) is an innate antiviral effector that inhibits flavivirus replication, revealing an evolutionary arms race between flaviviruses and their hosts.
D-JRP19-WP1.3: Report of the Y5 Final meeting of the OHEJP PARADISE project
Creators: name: SIMONE MARIO CACCIO'
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This is the report of the Y5 Final meeting of the OHEJP project: PARADISE, which was hold in Uppsala (Sweden) on June 22-23, 2022. This report is a deliverable of the project.
Deciphering the radio star formation correlation on kpc scales II. The integrated infrared-radio continuum and star formation - radio continuum correlations
Creators: name: Vollmer, B.
name: Soida, M.
name: Dallant, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given the multiple energy loss mechanisms of cosmic ray electrons in galaxies, the tightness of the infrared - radio continuum correlation is surprising. We extended the analytical model of galactic disks of Vollmer et al. (2017) by including a simplified prescription for the synchrotron emissivity. The galactic gas disks of local spiral galaxies, low-z starburst galaxies, high-z main sequence starforming, and high-z starburst galaxies are treated as turbulent clumpy accretion disks. The magnetic field strength is determined by the equipartition between the turbulent kinetic and the magnetic energy densities. Our fiducial model, which neither includes galactic winds nor CR electron secondaries, reproduces the observed radio continuum SEDs of most (~70%) of the galaxies. Except for the local spiral galaxies, fast galactic winds can potentially make the conflicting models agree with observations. The observed IR - radio correlations are reproduced by the model within 2 sigma of the joint uncertainty of model and data for all datasets. The model agrees with the observed SFR - radio correlations within ~4 sigma. Energy equipartition between the CR particles and the magnetic field only approximately holds in our models of main sequence starforming galaxies. If a CR electron calorimeter is assumed, the slope of the IR - radio correlation flattens significantly. Inverse Compton (IC) losses are not dominant in the starburst galaxies because in these galaxies not only the gas density but also the turbulent velocity dispersion is higher than in normally starforming galaxies. Equipartition between the turbulent kinetic and magnetic field energy densities then leads to very high magnetic field strengths and very short synchrotron timescales. The exponents of our model SFR - radio correlations at 150 MHz and 1.4 GHz are very close to one.
description: accepted for publication in A&A
Stellar wind properties of the nearly complete sample of O stars in the low metallicity young star cluster NGC346 in the SMC galaxy
Creators: name: Rickard, M. J.
name: Hainich, R.
name: Hamann, W. -R.
name: Oskinova, L. M.
name: Prinja, R. K.
name: Ramachandran, V.
name: Pauli, D.
name: Todt, H.
name: Sander, A. C. C.
name: Shenar, T.
name: Chu, Y. -H.
name: Gallagher, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive stars are among the main cosmic engines driving the evolution of star-forming galaxies. Their powerful ionising radiation and stellar winds inject a large amount of energy in the interstellar medium. Furthermore, mass-loss ($\dot{M}$) through radiatively driven winds plays a key role in the evolution of massive stars. Even so, the wind mass-loss prescriptions used in stellar evolution models, population synthesis, and stellar feedback models often disagree with mass-loss rates empirically measured from the UV spectra of low metallicity massive stars. The most massive young star cluster in the low metallicity Small Magellanic Cloud galaxy is NGC346. This cluster contains more than half of all O stars discovered in this galaxy so far. A similar age, metallicity ($Z$), and extinction, the O stars in the NGC346 cluster are uniquely suited for a comparative study of stellar winds in O stars of different subtypes. We aim to use a sample of O stars within NGC346 to study stellar winds at low metallicity. We mapped the central 1" of NGC346 with the long-slit UV observations performed by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on board of the {\em Hubble Space Telescope} and complemented these new datasets with archival observations. Multi-epoch observations allowed for the detection of wind variability. The UV dataset was supplemented by optical spectroscopy and photometry. The resulting spectra were analysed using a non-local thermal equilibrium model atmosphere code (PoWR) to determine wind parameters and ionising fluxes. The effective mapping technique allowed us to obtain a mosaic of almost the full extent of the cluster and resolve stars in its core. Among hundreds of extracted stellar spectra, 21 belong to O stars. Nine of them are classified as O stars for the first time. We analyse, in detail, the UV spectra of 19 O stars... (continued)
description: 33 pages, 40 figures
Positional motif analysis reveals the extent of specificity of protein-RNA interactions observed by CLIP
Creators: name: Kuret, Klara
name: Amalietti, Aram Gustav
name: Jones, D Marc
name: Capitanchik, Charlotte
name: Ule, Jernej
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biochemistry & Proteomics
subject: Gene Expression
subject: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Stem Cells
subject: Ecology,Evolution & Ethology
subject: Computational & Systems Biology

description: Background: Crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) is a method used to identify in vivo RNA–protein binding sites on a transcriptome-wide scale. With the increasing amounts of available data for RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), it is important to understand to what degree the enriched motifs specify the RNA-binding profiles of RBPs in cells. Results: We develop positionally enriched k-mer analysis (PEKA), a computational tool for efficient analysis of enriched motifs from individual CLIP datasets, which minimizes the impact of technical and regional genomic biases by internal data normalization. We cross-validate PEKA with mCross and show that the use of input control for background correction is not required to yield high specificity of enriched motifs. We identify motif classes with common enrichment patterns across eCLIP datasets and across RNA regions, while also observing variations in the specificity and the extent of motif enrichment across eCLIP datasets, between variant CLIP protocols, and between CLIP and in vitro binding data. Thereby, we gain insights into the contributions of technical and regional genomic biases to the enriched motifs, and find how motif enrichment features relate to the domain composition and low-complexity regions of the studied proteins. Conclusions: Our study provides insights into the overall contributions of regional binding preferences, protein domains, and low-complexity regions to the specificity of protein-RNA interactions, and shows the value of cross-motif and cross-RBP comparison for data interpretation. Our results are presented for exploratory analysis via an online platform in an RBP-centric and motif-centric manner (https:// imaps. goodw right.com/ apps/ peka/).
Komplexe Schäden an Rotbuche (Fagus sylvatica) und Auswirkungen des trockenen und heißen Sommers 2018 auf ältere Bestände; Waldschutzinfo Nr. 06 / 2019
Creators: name: Langer, Gitta Jutta
name: Bußkamp, Johanna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Buchen-Vitalitätsschwäche, vitality loss of beech,

description: A dieback of older beeches (mostly > 100 years old), whose dried and browned leaves remained in the canopy over the winter, is currently observed. Affected beeches often lost fine branches and usually did not grow new shoots. In spring 2019 or earlier, the trunk showed signs of dieback from the crown or the appearance of sap flow spots. These symptoms were associated with bark necrosis, bark cracking and bark peeling. They could be attributed to sunburn and/or bark fungus infestation, sometimes followed by bark beetle or jewel beetle infestation. Various wood-rotting fungi then appeared. Particularly affected were copper beeches, which were already suffering from vitality loss of beech. On the other hand, trees were affected which, due to their location, e.g. on a south-facing slope, on a well-drained hilltop, at the edge of the stand or in clearings, had been severely affected in their vitality by the prolonged heat, high solar radiation and lack of precipitation.
Breach of Trust as Fuel for Protest: Tiananmen Demonstrations and the Erosion of State-Society Relations in 1980s China
Creators: name: Cheng, Linda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: History
subject: China

description: “Ooh, ooh, nothing to my name.” These lyrics, the chorus of a popular Chinese rock song of the same name composed by Cui Jian in 1986, became the 1989 Tiananmen demonstrators’ rallying cry throughout the chaotic development of their demonstrations. But what motivated student-protestors to choose such a grim, extreme song to be the anthem for their protests, especially given their socioeconomic privilege?  Through exploration of post-reform educational policy changes, the 1983 Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign, and dissemination of corruption as “crisis” within 1980s China, this thesis argues that there was one major theme which contributed to and eventually drove Chinese students to the stark conclusion that they had “nothing:” The erosion of the relationship between the Chinese Communist Party and Chinese students which occurred throughout the course of the 1980s. Utilizing original simple survey and oral history accounts, this thesis contributes an alternative framework for understanding the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests, as a site through which students attempted to negotiate and grapple with their loss of trust in the Party, privileged political voice, and faith in society—the loss of “everything”—that they experienced throughout the 1980s. Ultimately, this thesis concludes that the Party played an unintentionally cataclysmic role in the 1989 Tiananmen Protests through its usage of often-oversimplifying messaging to address complex social problems—a trend which continues into today, with uncertain effects.
Developing a Behavioral Assay to Quantify and Probe Motor Behaviors
Creators: name: Labrozzi, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Locomotion is a critical aspect of an organism’s fitness and is broadly conserved across phyla. In vertebrates, the ability to traverse distances through coordinated limb movement remains a quintessential process, one that is often compromised in human-conditions of motor impairment such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and various ataxias. To understand the biological basis of the observed human locomotor deficits research groups have largely relied on murine models of motor-disease and behavioral assays that test gross gait patterns or motor learning (e.g., Rotarod). Yet, given the recent developments in marker-less limb tracking and novel behavioral preparations of locomotor activity, the possibility to characterize locomotion and gait a single digit/limb resolution in murine models of health and disease is increasingly possible. To achieve this goal, locomotion characterized at single-digit resolution, we adopted two mouse locomotion preparations from previous works in the field and introduced multi-camera imaging paired with marker-less position tracking (DeepLabCut) to track the position of individual digits during each task. Initial preparations of both behavioral assays (KineMouse Wheel and motorized-disk) were found to be stress inducing, which contributed to abnormal gait/locomotion. To resolve this confound, we introduced motor enrichment in the home cages, which was key in establishing normal gait. We developed a final protocol based on the motorized-disk task, in which we were successfully able to replicate previous findings. With the behavioral preparation replicated, we integrated a novel imaging platform that integrates digit position from multiple perspectives. The resulting data was analyzed through DeepLabCut to understand the fine motor behaviors of head-fixed mice while running. With this foundation in place, we are poised to make comparisons with diseased-model mice. This knowledge will aid in taking steps towards developing neural prosthetics, treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, and, improve everyday life activities for those who suffer from motor impairments.
Análisis espacial de la vulnerabilidad del suelo por la modificación de atributos geomorfológicos
Creators: name: Cárdenas Domínguez, José Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Modelo heurístico-determinístico
Geomorfología
Movimientos de masas
Simulación de deslizamientos
Uso de suelo
Modelos Digitales de Elevación

description: La ocurrencia de desastres naturales y de origen antropogénico ha repercutido drásticamente en el territorio mexicano, problemáticas sociales y ambientales de interés político se han manifestado por el desarrollo de disturbios en superficie, expresados como la modificación granulométrica de atributos geomorfológicos del relieve. El desarrollo de investigación orientada a implementar modelos heurístico-determinísticos permitirá desarrollar valoraciones cuantitativas en un entorno dinámico de la susceptibilidad de disturbios por movimientos de masas. La prevención, mitigación y entendimiento de hechos ocurridos permitirá validar el desarrollo tecnológico de nuevos modelos numéricos vinculados a atributos ecológicos que permitan simular un elemento latente de vulnerabilidad y amenaza en una región geográfica determinada.
Much more than just an ingredient: Palm oil and its consumer perspectives in Indonesia
Creators: name: Lieke, Sophie-Dorothe
name: Adhi, Andriyono Kilat
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Sustainability
subject: consumer behaviour
subject: Indonesia
subject: palm oil
subject: socio-economic status
subject: sustainability

description: While consumers in palm oil-importing countries mainly encounter palm oil as an ingredient, consumers in palm oil-producing nations additionally rely on it as their primary cooking oil. Using focus group discussions across low, middle- and high-income groups (10 groups, n=81), this paper considers underrepresented consumer perspectives by examining how the situational context in urban Indonesia influences the significance of palm oil and its consumption patterns. Palm oil catalyzes cultural practices, ensures food security and contributes to income generation. We identify perceived structural and cultural barriers inhibiting consumer-driven and local demand for more sustainable palm oil, and importantly who in consumers’ eyes carry the responsibility and power to materialise these changes. This ensures that the call for improved food sustainability is not unilateral, but that action is tailored and administered at appropriate levels. Nonetheless, challenges persist as for Indonesians palm oil truly serves as so much more than just an ingredient.
Reconstruction changes drive surface diffusion and determine the flatness of oxide surfaces
Creators: name: Franceschi, Giada
name: Schmid, Michael
name: Diebold, Ulrike
name: Riva, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface diffusion on metal oxides is key in many areas of materials technology, yet it has been scarcely explored at the atomic scale. This work provides phenomenological insights from scanning tunneling microscopy on the link between surface diffusion, surface atomic structure, and oxygen chemical potential based on three model oxide surfaces: Fe$_2$O$_3(1\overline{1}02)$, La$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$MnO$_3$(110), and In$_2$O$_3$(111). In all instances, changing the oxygen chemical potential used for annealing stabilizes reconstructions of different compositions while promoting the flattening of the surface morphology -- a sign of enhanced surface diffusion. It is argued that thermodynamics, rather than kinetics, rules surface diffusion under these conditions: The composition change of the surface reconstructions formed at differently oxidizing conditions drives mass transport across the surface.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures
Characteristics and Outcomes of IBD Patients with COVID-19 on Tofacitinib Therapy in the SECURE-IBD Registry
Creators: name: Colombel, Jean-Frederic
name: Zhang, Xian
name: Modesto, Irene
name: Agrawal, Manasi
name: Ungaro, Ryan C
name: Woolcott, John
name: Kappelman, Michael D
name: Brenner, Erica J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to unprecedented loss of life and health on a global scale. COVID-19 outcomes are more severe among those with comorbid conditions, which raises concerns for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially given the increased infection risk with immunosuppression used for IBD therapy.
Fan-shaped jet close to a light bridge
Creators: name: Liu, Y.
name: Ruan, G. P.
name: Schmieder, B.
name: Masson, S.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Su, J. T.
name: Wang, B.
name: Bai, X. Y.
name: Su, Y.
name: Cao, Wenda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the Sun,jets in light bridges are frequently observed with high-resolution instruments.The respective roles played by convection and the magnetic field in triggering such jets are not yet clear.We report a small fan-shaped jet along a LB observed by the 1.6m Goode Solar Telescope(GST) with the TiO Broadband Filter Imager(BFI),the Visible Imaging Spectrometer(VIS) in Hα,and the Near-InfraRed Imaging Spectropolarimeter(NIRIS),along with the Stokes parameters.The high spatial and temporal resolution of those instruments allowed us to analyze the features identified during the jet event.By constructing the Hα Dopplergrams,we found that the plasma is first moving upward,whereas during the second phase of the jet,the plasma is flowing back.Working with time slice diagrams,we investigated the propagation-projected speed of the fan and its bright base.The fan-shaped jet developed within a few minutes,with diverging beams. At its base,a bright point was slipping along the LB and ultimately invaded the umbra of the sunspot.The Hα profiles of the bright points enhanced the intensity in the wings, similarly to the case of Ellerman bombs.Co-temporally,the extreme ultraviolet brightenings developed at the front of the dark material jet and moved at the same speed as the fan, leading us to propose that the fan-shaped jet material compressed and heated the ambient plasma at its extremities in the corona.Our multi-wavelength analysis indicates that the fan-shaped jet could result from magnetic reconnection across the highly diverging field low in the chromosphere,leading to an apparent slipping motion of the jet material along the LB.However,we did not find any opposite magnetic polarity at the jet base,as would typically be expected in such a configuration.We therefore discuss other plausible physical mechanisms,based on waves and convection, that may have triggered the event.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Dirac fermions with plaquette interactions. III. SU(N) phase diagram with Gross-Neveu criticality and first-order phase transition
Creators: name: Da Liao, Yuan
name: Xu, Xiao Yan
name: Meng, Zi Yang
name: Qi, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by our recent works[1, 2] of SU(2) and SU(4) Dirac fermions subjected to plaquette interactions on square lattice, here we extend the large-scale quantum Monte Carlo investigations to the phase digram of correlated Dirac fermions with SU(6) and SU(8) symmetries subjected to the plaquette interaction on the same lattice. From SU(2) to SU(8), the rich phase diagram exhibits a plethora of emerging quantum phases such as the Dirac semimetal, the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator, valence bond solid (VBS) and the Dirac spin liquid and phase transitions including the Gross-Neveu chiral transitions with emergent continuous symmetry, the deconfined quantum criticality and the first order transition between interaction-driven columnar VBS and plaquette VBS. These rich phenomena coming from the simple-looking lattice models, firmly convey the message that the interplay between the $SU(N)$ Dirac fermions -- with enhanced internal symmetries -- and extended plaquette interactions -- beyond the on-site Hubbard type -- is the new playground to synthesise novel highly entangled quantum matter both at the model level and with experimental feasibilities.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Childhood trauma and cognitive functioning in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis
Creators: name: Tsuang, M.T.
name: Cornblatt, B.A.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: Velikonja, T.
name: Velthorst, E.
name: Perkins, D.O.
name: Stone, W.
name: Zinberg, J.
name: Keshavan, M.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: McGlashan, T.
name: Cadenhead, K.S.
name: Seidman, L.
name: Mathalon, D.H.
name: Bearden, C.E.
name: Addington, J.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2021

description: Evidence suggests that early trauma may have a negative effect on cognitive functioning in individuals with psychosis, yet the relationship between childhood trauma and cognition among those at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis remains unexplored. Our sample consisted of 626 CHR children and 279 healthy controls who were recruited as part of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study 2. Childhood trauma up to the age of 16 (psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and bullying) was assessed by using the Childhood Trauma and Abuse Scale. Multiple domains of cognition were measured at baseline and at the time of psychosis conversion, using standardized assessments. In the CHR group, there was a trend for better performance in individuals who reported a history of multiple types of childhood trauma compared with those with no/one type of trauma (Cohen d = 0.16). A history of multiple trauma types was not associated with greater cognitive change in CHR converters over time. Our findings tentatively suggest there may be different mechanisms that lead to CHR states. Individuals who are at clinical high risk who have experienced multiple types of childhood trauma may have more typically developing premorbid cognitive functioning than those who reported minimal trauma do. Further research is needed to unravel the complexity of factors underlying the development of at-risk states.
Resolving the intrinsic short-range ordering of K$^+$ ions on cleaved muscovite mica
Creators: name: Franceschi, Giada
name: Kocán, Pavel
name: Conti, Andrea
name: Brandstetter, Sebastian
name: Balajka, Jan
name: Sokolović, Igor
name: Valtiner, Markus
name: Mittendorfer, Florian
name: Schmid, Michael
name: Setvín, Martin
name: Diebold, Ulrike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Muscovite mica, KAl$_2$(Si$_3$Al)O$_{10}$(OH)$_2$, is a common layered phyllosilicate with perfect cleavage planes. The atomically flat surfaces obtained through cleaving lend themselves to scanning probe techniques with atomic resolution and are ideal to model minerals and clays. Despite the importance of the cleaved mica surfaces, several questions remain unresolved. It is established that K$^+$ ions decorate the cleaved surface, but their intrinsic ordering -- unaffected by the interaction with the environment -- is not known. This work presents clear images of the K$^+$ distribution of cleaved mica obtained with low-temperature non-contact atomic force microscopy (AFM) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. The data unveil the presence of short-range ordering, contrasting previous assumptions of random or fully ordered distributions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Monte Carlo simulations show that the substitutional subsurface Al$^{3+}$ ions have an important role for the surface K$^+$ ion arrangement.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures
SEISMIC FRAGILITY CURVES ACCOUNTING FOR SITE AND SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION EFFECTS ON URM BUILDINGS
Creators: name: BRUNELLI, ANDREA
Publisher: name: Università degli studi di Genova
Year: 2022

description: Significant site-amplification effects have been observed in various historic centers following the recent seismic events in Italy (e.g., L'Aquila 2009, Emilia 2012, Central Italy 2016-17), but also examples of Soil Foundation Structure (SFS) interaction in ordinary unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. In the past, SFS interaction effects were usually considered for masonry buildings only in slender or massive URM monumental structures. Following the latest observed evidence, this research aims to further investigate the role of site amplification and SFS interaction in the seismic response of URM residential structures. The final goal is to provide an effective procedure to consider these effects in large-scale risk assessment as well. The first part of the research validated the numerical approach to analyze the SFS interaction by reproducing the seismic response of the Visso school affected by the earthquake sequence in central Italy. This school constituted a very emblematic case study, since it was permanently monitored by the Italian Department of Civil Protection and suffered very severe damage, allowing validation even in a highly nonlinear phase. The procedure is based on the decoupled approach. Therefore, the input motion of the foundation is calculated from the site response analyses and the structural performance is analyzed through a structural model with springs at the base and characterized by equivalent damping. This school's validated procedure and numerical model were exploited to derive fragility curves that include site effects and SFS interaction under different subsurface conditions. The predicted damage probability was also compared with the results obtained from different amplifications of the simplified Code-compliant approach. Finally, the research was further generalized by considering multiple building types and different soil profiles. The structural types were inspired by the most frequent building types in the municipality of Visso, consisting of aggregate masonry structures. The set of derived fragility curves was finally applied to an urban scale to develop damage scenarios. In particular, the resulting damage under ground motion of the Central Italy earthquake was compared with that observed and predicted by existing faster and less accurate approaches, to assess the potential of the developed tools also to support possible future large-scale mitigation policies.