cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multivariate Threshold Regression Models with Cure Rates: Identification and Estimation in the Presence of the Esscher Property
Creators: name: Lee, Mei-Ling Ting
name: Whitmore, George A.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: bilateral gamma process
bilateral inverse gaussian process
cure rate
degradation process
esscher transform
exponential tilt
failure event
failure time
first hitting time
interval censoring
Lévy process
multidimensional
multivariate
poisson-bernoulli random walk
stationary independent increments
stochastic process
survival time
threshold regression
wiener process

description: The first hitting time of a boundary or threshold by the sample path of a stochastic process is the central concept of threshold regression models for survival data analysis. Regression functions for the process and threshold parameters in these models are multivariate combinations of explanatory variates. The stochastic process under investigation may be a univariate stochastic process or a multivariate stochastic process. The stochastic processes of interest to us in this report are those that possess stationary independent increments (i.e., Lévy processes) as well as the Esscher property. The Esscher transform is a transformation of probability density functions that has applications in actuarial science, financial engineering, and other fields. Lévy processes with this property are often encountered in practical applications. Frequently, these applications also involve a ‘cure rate’ fraction because some individuals are susceptible to failure and others not. Cure rates may arise endogenously from the model alone or exogenously from mixing of distinct statistical populations in the data set. We show, using both theoretical analysis and case demonstrations, that model estimates derived from typical survival data may not be able to distinguish between individuals in the cure rate fraction who are not susceptible to failure and those who may be susceptible to failure but escape the fate by chance. The ambiguity is aggravated by right censoring of survival times and by minor misspecifications of the model. Slightly incorrect specifications for regression functions or for the stochastic process can lead to problems with model identification and estimation. In this situation, additional guidance for estimating the fraction of non-susceptibles must come from subject matter expertise or from data types other than survival times, censored or otherwise. The identifiability issue is confronted directly in threshold regression but is also present when applying other kinds of models commonly used for survival data analysis. Other methods, however, usually do not provide a framework for recognizing or dealing with the issue and so the issue is often unintentionally ignored. The theoretical foundations of this work are set out, which presents new and somewhat surprising results for the first hitting time distributions of Lévy processes that have the Esscher property.
title: Dissatisfied Client – will you meet again? The effect of a negative experience on rates of re-attendance to breast screening
Creators: name: Abass, Randa
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mammography
subject: Management
subject: Health policy and practice
subject: Quality assurance

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: In Australia, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women and the second most common cause of cancer deaths[1].BreastScreen WA (BSWA) is a state-wide breast cancer screening and assessment service and adheres to the Department of...
Partition function of free conformal higher spin theory
Creators: name: Beccaria, Matteo
name: Bekaert, Xavier
name: Tseytlin, Arkady A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the canonical partition function Z of non-interacting conformal higher spin (CHS) theory viewed as a collection of free spin s CFT's in R^d. We discuss in detail the 4-dimensional case (where s=1 is the standard Maxwell vector, s=2 is the Weyl graviton, etc.), but also present a generalization for all even dimensions d. Z may be found by counting the numbers of conformal operators and their descendants (modulo gauge identities and equations of motion) weighted by scaling dimensions. This conformal operator counting method requires a careful analysis of the structure of characters of relevant (conserved current, shadow field and conformal Killing tensor) representations of the conformal algebra so(d,2). There is also a close relation to massless higher spin partition functions with alternative boundary conditions in AdS_{d+1}. The same partition function Z may also be computed from the CHS path integral on a curved S^1 x S^{d-1} background. This allows us to determine a simple factorized form of the CHS kinetic operator on this conformally flat background. Summing the individual conformal spin contributions Z_s over all spins we obtain the total partition function of the CHS theory. We also find the corresponding Casimir energy and show that it vanishes if one uses the same regularization prescription that implies the cancellation of the total conformal anomaly a-coefficient. This happens to be true in all even dimensions d >= 2.
description: 39 pages, v2 typos corrected and comments added
Coronal Heating Driven by A Magnetic-gradient Pumping Mechanism in Solar Plasmas
Creators: name: Tan, Baolin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solar coronal heating is a longstanding mystery in astrophysics. Considering that the solar magnetic field is spatially inhomogeneous with considerable magnetic gradient from solar surface to the corona, this work proposes a magnetic gradient pumping (MGP) mechanism and try to explain the formation of hot plasma upflows, such as the hot type II spicules and hot plasma ejections, etc. In MGP mechanism, the magnetic gradients drive the energetic particles to move upwards from the underlying solar atmosphere and form hot upflows. These upflow energetic particles deposit in corona and make it becoming very hot. Roughly estimations indicate that the solar corona can be heated to above 1 million degrees, and the upflow velocity is about 40 km/s in chromosphere and about 130 km/s in the corona. The solar magnetic flux tubes act as pumpers to extract energetic particles from the underlying thermal photosphere, convey them and deposit in the corona. The deposition of energetic particles will make the corona become hot, and their escaping from the photosphere will make the underlying photosphere a bit cold. This mechanism present a natural explanation to the mystery of solar coronal heating.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, acceptd by ApJ, 2014
Novel Approach and Methods for Optimizing Highly Sensitive Low Noise Amplifier CMOS IC Design for Congested RF Environments
Creators: name: Chung, Jooik
name: Illiadis, Agis A.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: gm/ID design
figure of merit
low noise amplifier
RF front-end module
RFIC

description: This work details the optimization and evaluation of a CMOS low-noise amplifier by developing a new algorithm for the 𝑔𝑚/𝐼𝐷 approach and combining with a modified figure of merit index method. The amplifier includes on-chip matching elements (such as IC inductors) for resonance at the targeted frequencies. The simulation results of the optimized LNA model showed scattering parameter 𝑆21 = 19.91 dB, noise figure NF = 3.54 dB and excellent linearity for third-order intermodulation parameter IIP3 = 5.89 dBm for the targeted frequency of 𝑓0 = 2.4 GHz.
Livestock fatalities attributed to a massive attack of Psorophora columbiae following Hurricane Laura
Creators: name: Cecco, Bianca
name: Sasaki, Emi
name: Paulsen, Daniel B.
name: Fontenot, Craig
name: Navarre, Christine
name: Healy, Kristen
name: Langohr, Ingeborg M.
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2022
Subjects: massive fatalities
cattle
hemorrhage
mosquito
tropical

description: The objective of this case report is to characterize the sudden fatality of livestock associated with a massive attack of dark rice field mosquitoes (Psorophora columbiae) after the passage of Hurricane Laura in southwest Louisiana late August 2020. In 3 days, approximately 30 deer, 600 beef cattle, 100 sheep and 30 horses died following a brief history of weakness or, in most cases, no clinical signs prior to death. Several on-site visits were performed by veterinarians to evaluate animals and perform necropsies. Two deer were received for necropsy, and tissue samples from 1 bull and 1 horse were evaluated at the Louisiana Animal Diagnostic Disease Laboratory. In addition, postmortem examination was performed on another 15 animals by veterinarians. Similar gross alterations were observed in all necropsies. Lesions included multifocal petechiae and ecchymoses in the skin and the subcutaneous tissues. Both deer also had pale discoloration and accentuated lobular patterns in their livers. Histologically, the livers of the deer and the bull exhibited centrilobular degeneration and hepatocyte dissociation suggestive of severe anemia. The description of this animal fatality event associated with Psorophora colum- biae attack demonstrates the need to establish prevention and/or intervention protocols in areas prone to hurricanes and tropical depressions.
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 56 No. 1 (2022): The Bovine Practitioner - Online First
Recent Advancements in Mitochondria-Targeted Nanoparticle Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy
Creators: name: Xu, Jiangsheng
name: Shamul, James G.
name: Kwizera, Elyahb Allie
name: He, Xiaoming
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: mitochondria
nanoparticle
cancer therapy
photothermal
photodynamic

description: Mitochondria are critical subcellular organelles that produce most of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the energy source for most eukaryotic cells. Moreover, recent findings show that mitochondria are not only the “powerhouse” inside cells, but also excellent targets for inducing cell death via apoptosis that is mitochondria-centered. For several decades, cancer nanotherapeutics have been designed to specifically target mitochondria with several targeting moieties, and cause mitochondrial dysfunction via photodynamic, photothermal, or/and chemo therapies. These strategies have been shown to augment the killing of cancer cells in a tumor while reducing damage to its surrounding healthy tissues. Furthermore, mitochondria-targeting nanotechnologies have been demonstrated to be highly efficacious compared to non-mitochondria-targeting platforms both in vitro and in vivo for cancer therapies. Moreover, mitochondria-targeting nanotechnologies have been intelligently designed and tailored to the hypoxic and slightly acidic tumor microenvironment for improved cancer therapies. Collectively, mitochondria-targeting may be a promising strategy for the engineering of nanoparticles for drug delivery to combat cancer.
Exploring the Spatiotemporal Coverage of Terrestrial Snow Mass Using a Suite of Satellite Constellation Configurations
Creators: name: Wang, Lizhao
name: Forman, Barton A.
name: Kim, Edward
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: orbital configurations
hypothetical sensors
viewing extent simulation
terrestrial snow
snow mission planning tool

description: Terrestrial snow is a vital freshwater resource for more than 1 billion people. Remotely-sensed snow observations can be used to retrieve snow mass or integrated into a snow model estimate; however, optimally leveraging remote sensing observations of snow is challenging. One reason is that no single sensor can accurately measure all types of snow because each type of sensor has its own unique limitations. Another reason is that remote sensing data is inherently discontinuous across time and space, and that the revisit cycle of remote sensing observations may not meet the requirements of a given snow applications. In order to quantify the feasible availability of remotely-sensed observations across space and time, this study simulates the sensor coverage for a suite of hypothetical snow sensors as a function of different orbital configurations and sensor properties. The information gleaned from this analysis coupled with a dynamic snow binary map is used to evaluate the efficiency of a single sensor (or constellation) to observe terrestrial snow on a global scale. The results show the efficacy achievable by different sensors over different snow types. The combination of different orbital and sensor configurations is explored to requirements of remote sensing missions that have 1-day, 3-day, or 30-day repeat intervals. The simulation results suggest that 1100 km, 550 km, and 200 km are the minimum required swath width for a polar-orbiting sensor to meet snow-related applications demanding a 1-day, 3-day, and 30-day repeat cycles, respectively. The results of this paper provide valuable input for the planning of a future global snow mission.
Learnable Wavelet Scattering Networks: Applications to Fault Diagnosis of Analog Circuits and Rotating Machinery
Creators: name: Khemani, Varun
name: Azarian, Michael H.
name: Pecht, Michael G.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: wavelet scattering networks
analog circuits
rotating machinery
fault diagnosis
scattering networks
fault isolation
second-generation wavelet transform

description: Analog circuits are a critical part of industrial electronics and systems. Estimates in the literature show that, even though analog circuits comprise less than 20% of all circuits, they are responsible for more than 80% of faults. Hence, analog circuit fault diagnosis and isolation can be a valuable means of ensuring the reliability of circuits. This paper introduces a novel technique of learning time–frequency representations, using learnable wavelet scattering networks, for the fault diagnosis of circuits and rotating machinery. Wavelet scattering networks, which are fixed time–frequency representations based on existing wavelets, are modified to be learnable so that they can learn features that are optimal for fault diagnosis. The learnable wavelet scattering networks are developed using the genetic algorithm-based optimization of second-generation wavelet transform operators. The simulation and experimental results for the diagnosis of analog circuit faults demonstrates that the developed diagnosis scheme achieves greater fault diagnosis accuracy than other methods in the literature, even while considering a larger number of fault classes. The performance of the diagnosis scheme on benchmark datasets of bearing faults and gear faults shows that the developed method generalizes well to fault diagnosis in multiple domains and has good transfer learning performance, too.
Resonance Chiral Lagrangians and alternative approaches to hadronic tau decays
Creators: name: Roig, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exclusive semi-leptonic decays of the tau lepton offer a clean probe to study the hadronization of QCD currents in its non-perturbative regime and learn about resonance dynamics, which drives strong interactions in these processes. In this theory outlook, I will use the simplest non-trivial di-pion tau decays to illustrate briefly recent theoretical progress on these analyses and their comparison to data.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, talk given at the 13th International Workshop on Tau Lepton Physics Aachen, Germany, 15-19 September, 2014. To appear in Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl
Chronic Monocular Deprivation Reveals MMP9-Dependent and -Independent Aspects of Murine Visual System Plasticity
Creators: name: Murase, Sachiko
name: Robertson, Sarah E.
name: Lantz, Crystal L.
name: Liu, Ji
name: Winkowski, Daniel E.
name: Quinlan, Elizabeth M.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: chronic monocular deprivation
MMP9
ocular dominance
calcium imaging

description: The deletion of matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 is combined here with chronic monocular deprivation (cMD) to identify the contributions of this proteinase to plasticity in the visual system. Calcium imaging of supragranular neurons of the binocular region of primary visual cortex (V1b) of wild-type mice revealed that cMD initiated at eye opening significantly decreased the strength of deprived-eye visual responses to all stimulus contrasts and spatial frequencies. cMD did not change the selectivity of V1b neurons for the spatial frequency, but orientation selectivity was higher in low spatial frequency-tuned neurons, and orientation and direction selectivity were lower in high spatial frequency-tuned neurons. Constitutive deletion of MMP9 did not impact the stimulus selectivity of V1b neurons, including ocular preference and tuning for spatial frequency, orientation, and direction. However, MMP9−/− mice were completely insensitive to plasticity engaged by cMD, such that the strength of the visual responses evoked by deprived-eye stimulation was maintained across all stimulus contrasts, orientations, directions, and spatial frequencies. Other forms of experience-dependent plasticity, including stimulus selective response potentiation, were normal in MMP9−/− mice. Thus, MMP9 activity is dispensable for many forms of activity-dependent plasticity in the mouse visual system, but is obligatory for the plasticity engaged by cMD.
An exploration of the educational experiences of dyslexic school-aged students
Creators: name: Morgan, Linsey
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020

description: This research aims to develop knowledge of dyslexia from the subjective experiences of dyslexic students currently attending mainstream, state schooling in England. As the importance of identifying dyslexia early within a student’s schooling, to prevent educational failure, is generally agreed (Rose 2009) research within the field of dyslexia remains predominantly concerned with neurological and cognitive studies of causation, identification, and remediation. Consequently, to date, there is limited research designed to gain an understanding of dyslexia through the lived experiences of dyslexic individuals. The current research draws upon twenty-one school-aged students and explores their lived experience of being identified and labelled as dyslexic and the effects of dyslexic difficulties within their schooling. The research was guided by the interactional approach to disability (Shakespeare 2014). The research was guided throughout by a qualitative approach to data collection. The data was derived using a digital communication aid entitled ‘Talking Mats’ and follow-up semi-structured interviews. The dyslexic students who participated in this research came from one mainstream state secondary school and three mainstream state primary schools in England. The data collected was analysed using thematic analysis and three overarching themes emerged. These were: Diagnosis, dyslexic students’ experiences of the process of being identified and labelled as dyslexic, Dyslexia, the difficulties experienced by dyslexic students in the classroom and Discrimination, dyslexic students’ experiences of discrimination and the effects within schooling. The students’ experiences suggest that regardless of the age of being identified and labelled as dyslexic, the experience of the assessment process remained a challenging experience, that did not aid their understanding of dyslexia. Despite their diagnosis, the students continued to experience a range of difficulties predominantly with reading, spelling, and handwriting. Although the students requested the use of reasonable adjustments to lessen their difficulties this was often denied. This research highlighted a multitude of barriers these dyslexic students experienced within school, for example, discrimination, humiliation, and punishments.
Nonlocal biphoton generation in Werner state from a single semiconductor quantum dot
Creators: name: Kumano, H.
name: Nakajima, H.
name: Kuroda, T.
name: Mano, T.
name: Sakoda, K.
name: Suemune, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate Werner-like polarization-entangled state generation disapproving local hidden variable theory from a single semiconductor quantum dot. By exploiting tomographic analysis with temporal gating, we find biphoton states are mapped on the Werner state, which is crucial for quantum information applications due to its versatile ramifications such as usefulness to teleportation. Observed time evolution of the biphoton state brings us systematic understanding on a relationship between tomographically reconstructed biphoton state and a set of parameters characterizing exciton state including fine-structure splitting and cross-dephasing time.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
From the ashes: JVLA observations of water fountain nebula candidates show the rebirth of IRAS 18455+0448
Creators: name: Vlemmings, W. H. T.
name: Amiri, N.
name: van Langevelde, H. J.
name: Tafoya, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [abridged] The class of water fountain nebulae is thought to represent the stage of the earliest onset of collimated bipolar outflows during the post-Asymptotic Giant Branch phase. They thus play a crucial role in the study of the formation of bipolar Planetary Nebulae (PNe). To date, 14 water fountain nebulae have been identified. The identification of more sources in this unique stage of stellar evolution will enable us to study the origin of bipolar PNe morphologies in more detail. We present the results of seven sources observed with the JVLA that were identified as water fountain candidates in an Effelsberg 100m telescope survey of 74 AGB and early post-AGB stars. We find that our sample of water fountain candidates displays strong variability in their 22 GHz H2O maser spectra. The JVLA observations show an extended bipolar H2O maser outflow for one source, the OH/IR star IRAS 18455+0448. This source was previously classified as a 'dying' OH/IR star based on the exponential decrease of its 1612 MHz OH maser and the lack of H2O masers. We therefore also re-observed the 1612, 1665, and 1667 MHz OH masers. We confirm that the 1612 MHz masers have not reappeared and find that the 1665/1667 MHz masers have decreased in strength by several orders of magnitude during the last decade. The OH/IR star IRAS 18455+0448 is confirmed to be a new addition to the class of water fountain nebulae. Its kinematic age is approximately 70 yr, but could be lower, depending on the distance and inclination. Previous observations indicate, with significant uncertainty, that IRAS 18455+0448 has a surprisingly low mass compared to available estimates for other water fountain nebulae. The available historical OH maser observations make IRAS 18455+0448 unique for the study of water fountain nebulae and the launch of post-AGB bipolar outflows...
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A (revised minor typos)
A scenario of the formation of isolated X-ray pulsars with anomalously long period
Creators: name: Ikhsanov, N. R.
name: Kim, V. Yu.
name: Beskrovnaya, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scenario of the formation of isolated X-ray pulsars is discussed with an application to one of the best studied objects of this class 1E 161348-5055. This moderately luminous, 10^33 - 10^35 erg/s, pulsar with a relatively soft spectrum, kT ~ 0.6-0.8 keV, is associated with an isolated neutron star, which is located near the center of the young (~2000 yr) compact supernova remnant RCW 103 and rotates steadily (|dν/dt| < 2.6 x 10^-18 Hz/s) with the period of 6.7 hr. We show that in the current epoch the neutron star is in the accretor state. The parameters of the source emission can be explained in terms of the magnetic-levitation accretion scenario in which the star with the surface magnetic field of 10^12 G accretes material onto its surface from a non-Keplerian magnetic fossil disk at the rate 10^14 g/s. A neutron star could evolve to this state in a High-Mass X-ray Binary (HMXB), which had disintegrated during the supernova explosion powered by the core-collapse of its massive component. The life-time of an isolated X-ray pulsar formed this way can be as long as a few thousand years.
description: 12 pages, Published in Astronomy Reports 59, 25 (2015)
An ideal experiment to determine the 'past of a particle' in the nested Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Creators: name: Li, Fu
name: Hashmi, F. A.
name: Zhang, Jun-Xiang
name: Zhu, Shi-Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An ideal experiment is designed to determine the past of a particle in the nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) by using standard quantum mechanics with quantum non-demolition measurements. We find that when the photon reaches the detector, it only follows one arm of the outer interferometer and leaves no trace in the inner MZI; while when it goes through the inner MZI, it cannot reach the detector. Our result obtained from the standard quantum mechanics is contradict to the statement based on two state vector formulism, "the photon did not enter the (inner) interferometer, the photon never left the interferometer, but it was there". Therefore, the statement and also the overlap claim are incorrect.
title: Brief von John Cornwall an Kurt Rothschild
Creators: name: Cornwall, John
Year: 2017

description: Brief handschriftlich verfasst, Beilage Typoskript (8 Blätter) mit zahlreichen handschriftlichen Korrekturen.
description: Manuskript, 1 Blatt und Typoskript, 8 Blätter
Bibliothek des Max-Planck-Instituts für europäische Rechtsgeschichte, Frankfurt
Creators: name: Beggio, Tommaso
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Paul Koschaker
Helmut Coing
Felix Wubbe
Tetsuya Fujimoto
Reinhard Zimmermann
Shozaburo Yoshino
Martin W. Huff

description: Archival notes from die Bibliothek des Max-Planck-Instituts für europäische Rechtsgeschichte, Frankfurt. Nachlass Coing – MPI – Dritte Mappe: Documents belonging to the Nachlass of Helmut Coing: 11 letters to and from Coing, a letter from Coing’s assistant to Felix Wubbe, a six-page long text written by Felix Wubbe, and the bibliography of Coing’s publications from 1935 to 1991. Manuscr. 155 Q R: An unpublished draft of a manuscript on Roman law by Paul Koschaker, about 80 pages long, written in 1933.
Increase in Ribosomal Fidelity Benefits Salmonella upon Bile Salt Exposure
Creators: name: Lyu, Zhihui
name: Ling, Jiqiang
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: translational fidelity
bile salts
pathogen
Salmonella

description: Translational fidelity is maintained by multiple quality control steps in all three domains of life. Increased translational errors (mistranslation) occur due to genetic mutations and external stresses. Severe mistranslation is generally harmful, but moderate levels of mistranslation may be favored under certain conditions. To date, little is known about the link between translational fidelity and host–pathogen interactions. Salmonella enterica can survive in the gall bladder during systemic or chronic infections due to bile resistance. Here we show that increased translational fidelity contributes to the fitness of Salmonella upon bile salt exposure, and the improved fitness depends on an increased level of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Our work thus reveals a previously unknown linkage between translational fidelity and bacterial fitness under bile stress.
Electromagnetic properties of viscous charged fluids
Creators: name: Forcella, Davide
name: Zaanen, Jan
name: Valentinis, Davide
name: van der Marel, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a general theoretical framework to describe the electromagnetic properties of viscous charged fluids, consisting for example of electrons in certain solids or plasmas. We confirm that finite viscosity leads to multiple modes of evanescent electromagnetic waves at a given frequency, one of which is characterized by a negative index of refraction, as previously discussed in a simplified model by one of the authors. In particular we explain how optical spectroscopy can be used to probe the viscosity. We concentrate on the impact of this on the coefficients of refraction and reflection at the sample-vacuum interface. Analytical expressions are obtained relating the viscosity parameter to the reflection and transmission coefficients of light. We demonstrate that finite viscosity has the effect to decrease the reflectivity of a metallic surface, while the electromagnetic field penetrates more deeply. While on a phenomenological level there are similarities to the anomalous skin effect, the model presented here requires no particular assumptions regarding the corpuscular nature of the charge liquid. A striking consequence of the branching phenomenon into two degenerate modes is the occurrence in a half-infinite sample of oscillations of the electromagnetic field intensity as a function of distance from the interface.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Interventions among Black Sexual Minority Men: A Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Turpin, Rodman E.
name: Hawthorne, David J.
name: Rosario, Andre D.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: LGBTQ
HIV
prevention
experiment
review

description: Background: Interventions to promote HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among Black sexual minority men (BSMM) are especially important, given the disproportionate HIV incidence and relatively low uptake of PrEP among BSMM. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review to identify the characteristics of interventions between 2016 and 2021 promoting PrEP use among BSMM. We synthesized these studies based on sample size, location, the use of peer-based delivery, and key intervention targets. Results: Of the starting total 198 articles, 10 were included in the final review, with the majority of included studies being randomized controlled trials. We identified providing PrEP access, PrEP counseling, HIV and PrEP education, linkage to general health care, and peer-based support as key successful intervention components. The starkest difference between interventions with and without demonstrated PrEP improvements was the outcome: all interventions focused on PrEP initiation led to large improvements, but those focused on PrEP adherence did not. No other factors demonstrated distinct differences between successful and unsuccessful interventions. Conclusion: We identified notable differences in intervention efficacy between PrEP initiation and PrEP adherence outcomes; PrEP adherence is necessary for optimal HIV prevention. Future interventions promoting and measuring PrEP adherence, with a focus on cultural competence and peer components, are recommended.
title: What is strategic design?
title: An examination of new design activity in the public and civic sectors
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Buchanan, Camilla
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Design
Strategic Design
Policymaking
Public sector
Civic sector
Public sector design

description: Design is increasingly appearing in the public and civic sectors in strategic contexts, like policymaking. However, data and literature examining new design activity is limited. This research aims to address the gap in current theory by defining and critically assessing ‘strategic design’ so that it can be adequately framed, understood and analysed. While the research is an academic study, the questions it asks are rooted in practice and initial observations about shifts in design activity were made when the researcher began to collaborate with designers in 2015 on UK government policy development. In this research, new design activity is explored through a case study, survey and qualitative interviews with leading practitioners and commissioners. Throughout, insights from applied contexts are used to develop an argument about the definition, strengths and limitations of this work. The research finds that the pragmatic, constructive and participatory attributes of design activity have much to offer in situations of ever-intensifying complexity surrounding public and civic sector organisations. However, this new design activity is limited by both structural and ideological factors, such as an absence of sector infrastructure and comprehensive definitions. Questions of potential, maturity and ethics are also relevant to almost every aspect of design discussed in this research. Although there are clear concerns about whether current practice is equal to the situations presented in new environments, the research frames design as a powerful set of tools to improve responses to challenging social situations. Overall, the research argues that design activity in strategic contexts in the public and civic sectors has developed beyond isolated individuals and initiatives, to form a new - albeit nascent - body of practice which can now be seen as an emerging design sub-field. This new field is defined as ‘strategic design’: a creative problem-framing and problem-solving practice that relies on material and participatory ways of working and is actively focused on understanding, articulating and responding to strategic challenges.
Construction of ray class fields by smaller generators and applications
Creators: name: Koo, Ja Kyung
name: Yoon, Dong Sung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R37, 11G15, 11G16

description: We first generate ray class fields over imaginary quadratic fields in terms of Siegel-Ramachandra invariants, which would be an extension of Schertz's result. And, by making use of quotients of Siegel-Ramachandra invariants we also construct ray class invariants over imaginary quadratic fields whose minimal polynomials have relatively small coefficients, from which we are able to solve certain quadratic Diophantine equations.
description: 34 pages
Olive Mill Waste-Based Anaerobic Digestion as a Source of Local Renewable Energy and Nutrients
Creators: name: Aboelfetoh, Mohamed
name: Hassanein, Amro
name: Ragab, Mohamed
name: El-Kassas, Mohamed
name: Marzouk, Ezzat R.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: anaerobic digestion
biogas
olive cake
dairy manure
mesophilic
thermophilic

description: This study focused on what combination of anaerobic digestion (AD) temperature (ambient, mesophilic, and thermophilic) and olive mill waste (OMW) to dairy manure (DM) ratio mixture delivers the desired renewable energy and digestate qualities when using AD as olive mill waste treatment. OMW is widespread in the local environment in the North Sinai region, Egypt, which causes many environmental hazards if left without proper treatment. Three different mixtures consisting of OMW, dairy manure (DM), and inoculum (IN) were incubated under ambient, mesophilic, and thermophilic conditions for 45 days. The results showed that mixture B (2:1:2, OMW:DM:IN) at 55 °C produced more methane than at 35 °C and ambient temperature by 40% and 252%, respectively. Another aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the different concentrations of the digestate taken from each mixture on faba bean growth. The results showed that the maximum fresh weight values of the shoot system were observed at 10% and 15% for mixture B at ambient temperature. The best concentration value for the highest root elongation rate is a 5% addition of digestate mixture A at 55 °C, compared with other treatments.
Measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the quasi-elastic $^3\vec{\mathrm{He}}(\vec{\mathrm{e}},\mathrm{e}'\mathrm{d})$ process
Creators: name: The Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration
name: Mihovilovič, M.
name: Jin, G.
name: Long, E.
name: Zhang, Y. -W.
name: Allada, K.
name: Anderson, B.
name: Annand, J. R. M.
name: Averett, T.
name: Boeglin, W.
name: Bradshaw, P.
name: Camsonne, A.
name: Canan, M.
name: Cates, G. D.
name: Chen, C.
name: Chen, J. P.
name: Chudakov, E.
name: De Leo, R.
name: Deng, X.
name: Deltuva, A.
name: Deur, A.
name: Dutta, C.
name: Fassi, L. El
name: Flay, D.
name: Frullani, S.
name: Garibaldi, F.
name: Gao, H.
name: Gilad, S.
name: Gilman, R.
name: Glamazdin, O.
name: Golak, J.
name: Golge, S.
name: Gomez, J.
name: Hansen, O.
name: Higinbotham, D. W.
name: Holmstrom, T.
name: Huang, J.
name: Ibrahim, H.
name: de Jager, C. W.
name: Jensen, E.
name: Jiang, X.
name: Jones, M.
name: Kang, H.
name: Katich, J.
name: Khanal, H. P.
name: Kievsky, A.
name: King, P.
name: Korsch, W.
name: LeRose, J.
name: Lindgren, R.
name: Lu, H. -J.
name: Luo, W.
name: Marcucci, L. E.
name: Markowitz, P.
name: Meziane, M.
name: Michaels, R.
name: Moffit, B.
name: Monaghan, P.
name: Muangma, N.
name: Nanda, S.
name: Norum, B. E.
name: Pan, K.
name: Parno, D.
name: Piasetzky, E.
name: Posik, M.
name: Punjabi, V.
name: Puckett, A. J. R.
name: Qian, X.
name: Qiang, Y.
name: Qui, X.
name: Riordan, S.
name: Saha, A.
name: Sauer, P. U.
name: Sawatzky, B.
name: Schiavilla, R.
name: Shabestari, M.
name: Shahinyan, A.
name: Schoenrock, B.
name: Širca, S.
name: Skibiński, R.
name: John, J. St.
name: Subedi, R.
name: Sulkosky, V.
name: Tobias, W. A.
name: Tireman, W.
name: Urciuoli, G. M.
name: Viviani, M.
name: Wang, D.
name: Wang, K.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Watson, J.
name: Wojtsekhowski, B.
name: Witała, H.
name: Ye, Z.
name: Zhan, X.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Zheng, X.
name: Zhao, B.
name: Zhu, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a precise measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the $^3\vec{\mathrm{He}}(\vec{\mathrm{e}},\mathrm{e}'\mathrm{d})$ reaction. This particular process is a uniquely sensitive probe of hadron dynamics in $^3\mathrm{He}$ and the structure of the underlying electromagnetic currents. The measurements have been performed in and around quasi-elastic kinematics at $Q^2 = 0.25\,(\mathrm{GeV}/c)^2$ for missing momenta up to $270\,\mathrm{MeV}/c$. The asymmetries are in fair agreement with the state-of-the-art calculations in terms of their functional dependencies on $p_\mathrm{m}$ and $ω$, but are systematically offset. Beyond the region of the quasi-elastic peak, the discrepancies become even more pronounced. Thus, our measurements have been able to reveal deficiencies in the most sophisticated calculations of the three-body nuclear system, and indicate that further refinement in the treatment of their two- and/or three-body dynamics is required.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication at Phys. Rev. Lett
Regulation Mechanism of ssDNA Aptamer in Nanozymes and Application of Nanozyme-Based Aptasensors in Food Safety
Creators: name: Wang, Lijun
name: Zhou, Hong
name: Hu, Haixia
name: Wang, Qin
name: Chen, Xianggui
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: nanozyme
ssDNA aptamer
regulation mechanism
biosensor
food safety

description: Food safety issues are a worldwide concern. Pathogens, toxins, pesticides, veterinary drugs, heavy metals, and illegal additives are frequently reported to contaminate food and pose a serious threat to human health. Conventional detection methods have difficulties fulfilling the requirements for food development in a modern society. Therefore, novel rapid detection methods are urgently needed for on-site and rapid screening of massive food samples. Due to the extraordinary properties of nanozymes and aptamers, biosensors composed of both of them provide considerable advantages in analytical performances, including sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, and accuracy. They are considered a promising complementary detection method on top of conventional ones for the rapid and accurate detection of food contaminants. In recent years, we have witnessed a flourishing of analytical strategies based on aptamers and nanozymes for the detection of food contaminants, especially novel detection models based on the regulation by single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) of nanozyme activity. However, the applications of nanozyme-based aptasensors in food safety are seldom reviewed. Thus, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on nanozyme-based aptasensors in food safety, which are arranged according to the different interaction modes of ssDNA and nanozymes: aptasensors based on nanozyme activity either inhibited or enhanced by ssDNA, nanozymes as signal tags, and other methods. Before introducing the nanozyme-based aptasensors, the regulation by ssDNA of nanozyme activity via diverse factors is discussed systematically for precisely tailoring nanozyme activity in biosensors. Furthermore, current challenges are emphasized, and future perspectives are discussed.
A note on recognizing an old friend in a new place: list coloring and the zero-temperature Potts model
Creators: name: Ellis-Monaghan, Joanna A.
name: Moffatt, Iain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we observe that list coloring in graph theory coincides with the zero-temperature antiferromagnetic Potts model with an external field. We give a list coloring polynomial that equals the partition function in this case. This is analogous to the well-known connection between the chromatic polynomial and the zero-temperature, zero-field, antiferromagnetic Potts model. The subsequent cross fertilization yields immediate results for the Potts model and suggests new research directions in list coloring.
The Dynamics of Saturn's Ultraviolet Aurorae
Creators: name: Bader, Alexander
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020

description: Saturn’s aurorae are highly dynamic, controlled from within Saturn’s magnetosphere and by its interaction with the solar wind. This thesis investigates ultraviolet observations of these auroral emissions and corresponding in situ measurements of fields and particles, both mostly obtained by the Cassini mission, in order to separate different components of the aurorae and determine their origin. The brightest emissions are found to be generated by recurring magnetotail reconnection, the occurrence of which is controlled by solar wind conditions and the phasing of Saturn’s planetary period oscillation systems of rotating magnetic field perturbations and electric currents. The auroral signature resembles a series of bright patches emerging near local midnight and subcorotating with the planet’s rotation. Underlying these is a steady auroral band which may be driven by flow shears in the outer magnetosphere and is modulated in intensity and location by the rotating planetary period oscillation systems, accompanied by a dim equatorward outer emission which is suggested to be related to wave scattering of electrons in the inner ring current. Observations further show various small-scale transients such as short-lived ∼ 1 h quasiperiodic flashes possibly indicative of magnetodisc reconnection occurring predominantly near dusk, or numerous fine arcs only visible in the highest resolution imagery obtained by Cassini which may be related to interchange injection events. The relation between the source of auroral particles in the magnetosphere and the auroral emissions they generate upon impacting the atmosphere was investigated, with in situ measurements close above the aurorae revealing the presence of energetic field-aligned ion beams and conics as well as complex wave-particle interactions which may be responsible for their energization. While this thesis uncovers much unknown detail on the workings of Saturn’s aurorae, many questions remain to be answered in future research.
title: Brief von Peter Kalmbach an Kurt Rothschild
Creators: name: Kalmbach, Peter
Year: 2017

description: Brief (1Blatt) mit Unterschrift. - Beilage (6 Blätter), Bericht der Habilitationskommission gemäß § 10 der Habilitationsordnung der Universität Bremen.
description: Typoskript, 7 Blätter
Bayesian Hidden Markov Modelling Using Circular-Linear General Projected Normal Distribution
Creators: name: Mastrantonio, Gianluca
name: Maruotti, Antonello
name: Lasinio, Giovanna Jona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a multivariate hidden Markov model to jointly cluster time-series observations with different support, i.e. circular and linear. Relying on the general projected normal distribution, our approach allows for bimodal and/or skewed cluster-specific distributions for the circular variable. Furthermore, we relax the independence assumption between the circular and linear components observed at the same time. Such an assumption is generally used to alleviate the computational burden involved in the parameter estimation step, but it is hard to justify in empirical applications. We carry out a simulation study using different data-generation schemes to investigate model behavior, focusing on well recovering the hidden structure. Finally, the model is used to fit a real data example on a bivariate time series of wind speed and direction.
description: Environmetrics, (2015)
Google Street View Images as Predictors of Patient Health Outcomes, 2017–2019
Creators: name: Nguyen, Quynh C.
name: Belnap, Tom
name: Dwivedi, Pallavi
name: Deligani, Amir Hossein Nazem
name: Kumar, Abhinav
name: Li, Dapeng
name: Whitaker, Ross
name: Keralis, Jessica
name: Mane, Heran
name: Yue, Xiaohe
name: Nguyen, Thu T.
name: Tasdizen, Tolga
name: Brunisholz, Kim D.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: Google Street View
built environment
neighborhood characteristics
patient health
social determinants of health
computer vision

description: Collecting neighborhood data can both be time- and resource-intensive, especially across broad geographies. In this study, we leveraged 1.4 million publicly available Google Street View (GSV) images from Utah to construct indicators of the neighborhood built environment and evaluate their associations with 2017–2019 health outcomes of approximately one-third of the population living in Utah. The use of electronic medical records allows for the assessment of associations between neighborhood characteristics and individual-level health outcomes while controlling for predisposing factors, which distinguishes this study from previous GSV studies that were ecological in nature. Among 938,085 adult patients, we found that individuals living in communities in the highest tertiles of green streets and non-single-family homes have 10–27% lower diabetes, uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, but higher substance use disorders—controlling for age, White race, Hispanic ethnicity, religion, marital status, health insurance, and area deprivation index. Conversely, the presence of visible utility wires overhead was associated with 5–10% more diabetes, uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and substance use disorders. Our study found that non-single-family and green streets were related to a lower prevalence of chronic conditions, while visible utility wires and single-lane roads were connected with a higher burden of chronic conditions. These contextual characteristics can better help healthcare organizations understand the drivers of their patients’ health by further considering patients’ residential environments, which present both risks and resources.