cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ένα υπολογιστικό μοντέλο για τη συμβολή της ζονουλίνης στην ανάπτυξη τύπων καρκίνου και αυτοάνοσων νοσημάτων
Creators: name: Ράλλη, Δήμητρα Αθανασίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: ζονουλίνη
αυτόματο
καρκίνος
zonulin
automaton
cancer

description: Παρουσιάζουμε ένα υπολογιστικό μοντέλο για τη συμβολή της ζονουλίνης στην ανάπτυξη τύπων καρκίνου και αυτοάνοσων νοσημάτων. Το υπολογιστικό μας μοντέλο κατασκευάστηκε ως Büchi αυτόματο, το οποίο θεωρήσαμε ως την καταλληλότερη προσέγγιση. Και αυτό γιατί η αναλογία των διαφορετικών παραγόντων που εμπλέκονται στην έκκριση της ζονουλίνης δεν μπορεί να μετρηθεί ή δεν υπάρχουν μελέτες που να έχουν προσπαθήσει κάτι ανάλογο. Επίσης, προεκτείναμε το αρχικό μας μοντέλο σε ένα πιο πολύπλοκης μορφής, θεωρώντας περισσότερες καταστάσεις και την εμφάνιση δύο ασθενειών ταυτόχρονα
description: We introduce a computational model on the effect of zonulin in the development of various diseases and medical conditions. Our computational model is constructed as a Büchi automaton, which we thought as the best fitted approach. This is because the proportion of the different factors involved in the release of zonulin cannot be measured or there are no studies yet that had tried to. We also extend our initial model into a more complex one, considering more states and the appearance of two diseases simultaneously
J/psi Production vs Transverse Momentum and Rapidity in p+p Collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV
Creators: name: PHENIX Collaboration
name: Adare, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: J/Psi production in p+p collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV has been Measured in the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) over a rapidity range of -2.2 < y < 2.2 and a transverse momentum range of 0 < pT < 9 GeV/c. The statistics available allow a detailed measurement of both the pT and rapidity distributions and are sufficient to constrain production models. The total cross section times branching ratio determined for J/Psi production is B_{ll} sigma_pp^J/psi = 178 +/- 3(stat) +/- 53(syst) +/- 18(norm) nb.
description: 375 authors from 57 institutions, 6 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX4. Submitted to Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
Trivializing a Family of Sasaki-Einstein Spaces
Creators: name: Evslin, Jarah
name: Kuperstein, Stanislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an explicit diffeomorphism between the Sasaki-Einstein spaces Y^{p,q} and the product space S^3 \times S^2 in the cases q \le 2. When q=1 we express the Kähler quotient coordinates as an SU(2) bundle over S^2 which we trivialize. When q=2 the quotient coordinates yield a non-trivial SO(3) bundle over S^2 with characteristic class p, which is rotated to a bundle with characteristic class 1 and re-expressed as Y^{2,1}, reducing the problem to the case q=1. When q>2 the fiber is a lens space which is not a Lie group, and this construction fails. We relate the S^2 \times S^3 coordinates to those for which the Sasaki-Einstein metric is known. We check that the RR flux on the S^3 is normalized in accordance with Gauss' law and use this normalization to determine the homology classes represented by the calibrated cycles. As a by-product of our discussion we find a diffeomorphism between T^{p,q} and Y^{p,q} spaces, which means that T^{p,q} manifolds are also topologically S^3 \times S^2.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures
Are the rotation period distributions in zero-age main sequence open clusters alike?
Creators: name: Fritzewski, Dario
name: Barnes, Sydney
name: James, David
name: Strassmeier, Klaus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stellar systems, clusters, and associations
Cool Stars on the main sequence

description: The universality of stellar evolution is fundamental to our understanding of stars. The evolution of angular momentum can also be used to test this concept because rotation changes significantly with stellar age, and can be probed sensitively using stellar rotation periods. We present new rotation periods measured from photometric time series observations for stars in the 150Myr-old open cluster NGC 2516. Among the members, selected using Gaia data, radial velocities and multi-colour photometry, we find 308 stars with rotation periods ranging from 0.25d to 25d. Combined with rotation periods for M dwarfs from the literature, our sample contains 555 periods for stars between G and mid-M. This large sample enables a detailed comparison with the K2-based rotation period distribution of the Pleiades and also the corresponding X-Ray activity diagrams. Comparison between NGC 2516 and Pleiades shows that the two open clusters can be considered twins because in addition to the classical parameters, their rotation period distributions are almost indistinguishable across the colour and period ranges. Both clusters also host a group of slowly-rotating M dwarfs with P>15d, unseen before in other open clusters, that constitute what we call the "extended slow rotator sequence". Further comparison between NGC 2516 and the other nearly coeval open clusters M35, Blanco 1 and M50 shows that these rotation period distributions are also substantially similar to that for NGC 2516, at least to the extent that the limitations of the individual studies permit. Based on empirical comparison of these five different open clusters, our study suggests that coeval open clusters of similar composition have identical rotation period distributions, the strongest evidence to date against cluster-to-cluster variations. We conclude that the star formation process in different cluster environments is likely universal enough to result in substantially identical rotation period distributions at the ZAMS.
description: {"references": ["Cargile et al. (2009), AJ, 137, 3230", "Cargile et al. (2014), ApJ, 782, 29", "Damiani et al. (2003), ApJ, 588, 1009", "Fritzewski et al. (2020), A&A, 641, A51", "Gillen et al. (2020), MNRAS, 492, 1008", "Healy & McCollough (2020), ApJ, 903, 99", "Irwin et al. (2007), MNRAS, 377, 741", "Meibom et al. (2009), ApJ, 695, 679", "Micela et al. (1999), A&A, 341, 751", "Micela et al. (2000), A&A, 357, 909", "Pillitteri et al. (2006), A&A, 450, 993", "Rebull et al. (2016), AJ, 152, 113"]}
A measurement of the Lyman-beta forest power spectrum and its cross with the Lyman-alpha forest in X-Shooter XQ-100
Creators: name: Wilson, Bayu
name: Iršič, Vid
name: McQuinn, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lyman-alpha forest is the large-scale structure probe for which we appear to have modeling control to the highest wavenumbers. This makes the Lyman-alpha forest of great interest for constraining the warmness/fuzziness of dark matter and the timing of reionization processes. However, the standard statistic, the Lyman-alpha forest power spectrum, is unable to strongly constrain the IGM temperature-density relation, and this inability further limits how well other high wavenumber-sensitive parameters can be constrained. With the aim of breaking these degeneracies, we measure the power spectrum of the Lyman-beta forest and its cross correlation with the coeval Lyman-alpha forest using the one hundred spectra of z=3.5-4.5 quasars in the VLT/X-Shooter XQ-100 Legacy Survey, motivated by the Lyman-beta transition's smaller absorption cross section that makes it sensitive to somewhat higher densities relative to the Lyman-alpha transition. Our inferences from this measurement for the IGM temperature-density relation appear to latch consistently onto the recent tight lower-redshift Lyman-alpha forest constraints. The z=3.4-4.7 trends we find using the Lyman-alpha$-$Lyman-beta cross correlation show a flattening of the slope of the temperature-density relation with decreasing redshift. This is the trend anticipated from ongoing HeII reionization and there being sufficient time to reach the asymptotic temperature-density slope after hydrogen reionization completes. Furthermore, our measurements provide a consistency check on IGM models that explain the Lyman-alpha forest, with the cross correlation being immune to systematics that are uncorrelated between the two forests, such as metal line contamination.
Unveiling the abundance signature of M dwarf stars with planets
Creators: name: Maldonado, Jesus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: The Sun - Very low mass stars

description: Planetary systems are found around a wide variety of stellar
 hosts. However, our understanding of which stellar properties
 influence planet formation is still largely biased towards
 main-sequence, solar-type stars. While low-mass stars (M dwarfs)
 have been recognised as promising targets in the search for small,
 rocky planets, detailed chemical studies of large samples of M
 dwarfs with planets are still missing. This is because the accurate
 determination of the stellar parameters and abundances of M dwarfs
 is a difficult task. To overcome this difficulty we developed a
 methodology to determine stellar abundances of elements other than
 iron for M dwarf stars form high-resolution, optical spectra. Our
 methodology is based on the use of principal component analysis and
 sparse Bayesian's method. We made use of a set of M dwarfs orbiting
 around an FGK primary with known abundances to train our
 methods. In this contribution we applied our methods to derive
 stellar metallicities and abundances of a large sample of M dwarfs
 observed within the framework of current radial velocity
 surveys. We discuss whether the correlations between the
 metallicity, individual chemical abundances, and mass of the star
 and the presence of different type of planets found for FGK stars
 still holds for the less massive M dwarf stars and set the results
 into the context of current planet formation models.
Euphatexols C − G, five new triterpenoids from the latex of Euphorbia resinifera
Creators: name: Li, Miao-Miao
name: Qi, Yan-Ru
name: Feng, Ya-Ping
name: Liu, Wei
name: Yuan, Tao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Five new triterpenoids named as euphatexols C − G (1-5) were isolated from the latex of Euphorbia resinifera. Their chemical structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including IR, HRMS, 1 D and 2 D NMR data. Compounds 1-5 showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 22.30, 48.04, 21.89, 38.15 and 41.15 μM, respectively.
Thickness measurement of solid hydrogen thin film for muon catalyzed fusion via energy loss of alpha particles
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Makoto C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A novel target system for films of solid hydrogen isotopes has enabled unique experiments in muon catalyzed fusion. In order to understand the experimental data a knowledge of target thickness and uniformity is essential, but only indirect information was available. Conventional techniques for a thickness measurement do not apply, due to the limited available space and cryogenic requirements of the system. In this thesis, a method of thickness and uniformity measurement via the energy loss of alpha particles is presented. A critical review of the literature on the stopping powers of alpha particles was necessary, given no experimental data for solid hydrogen. An absolute precision of ~5% at optimal condition was obtained in the thickness determination. The uncertainty in the relative measurements can be less than 1%. The average target thickness per unit gas input, weighted by the Gaussian beam profile of FWHM 20-25 mm is determined to 3.29±0.16 μg/(cm²-torr-litre). A significant nonuniformity in the thickness distribution was observed with an average deviation of about 7%. The linearity of deposited hydrogen thickness upon gas input was confirmed within the accuracy. The cross contamination from the other side of the diffuser nozzle is found to be less than 0.8 x 10- 3 with 90% confidence level. The result is compared to a Monte Carlo study to understand deposition mechanism. The importance of the stopping process in the alpha-sticking problem in muon catalyzed D-T fusion is discussed in detail. The physical phase effect of the stopping power of hydrogen may partly explain the discrepancy in the sticking values between theory and experiment at high densities. The concept of a new experiment to measure directly the sticking probability at high density is proposed. This offers certain advantages over LAMPF/RAL measurements. A Monte Carlo simulation of the experiment is performed. A very preliminary result from a test run is presented.
Exploring the academic invisible web
Creators: name: Lewandowski, Dirk
name: Mayr, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose: To provide a critical review of Bergman's 2001 study on the Deep Web. In addition, we bring a new concept into the discussion, the Academic Invisible Web (AIW). We define the Academic Invisible Web as consisting of all databases and collections relevant to academia but not searchable by the general-purpose internet search engines. Indexing this part of the Invisible Web is central to scientific search engines. We provide an overview of approaches followed thus far. Design/methodology/approach: Discussion of measures and calculations, estimation based on informetric laws. Literature review on approaches for uncovering information from the Invisible Web. Findings: Bergman's size estimate of the Invisible Web is highly questionable. We demonstrate some major errors in the conceptual design of the Bergman paper. A new (raw) size estimate is given. Research limitations/implications: The precision of our estimate is limited due to a small sample size and lack of reliable data. Practical implications: We can show that no single library alone will be able to index the Academic Invisible Web. We suggest collaboration to accomplish this task. Originality/value: Provides library managers and those interested in developing academic search engines with data on the size and attributes of the Academic Invisible Web.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
A proof of loop equations in 2d topological gravity
Creators: name: Okuyama, Kazumi
name: Sakai, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study multi-boundary correlators in 2d Witten-Kontsevich topological gravity. We present a proof of the loop equations obeyed by the correlators. While the loop equations were derived a long time ago, our proof is fully explicit in the presence of general couplings $t_k$. We clarify all the details, in particular the treatment of the genus zero part of the one-boundary correlator. The loop equations are verified by several new examples, including the correlators of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity in the genus expansion and the exact correlators in the Airy case. We also discuss the free boson/fermion representation of the correlators and compare it with the formulation of Marolf and Maxfield and the string field theory of Ishibashi and Kawai. We find similarities but also some differences.
description: 33 pages, v2: some explanations added, published version
The Sun as a young star: reproducing the X-ray cycle of ε Eridani with solar magnetic structures
Creators: name: Coffaro, M.
name: Stelzer, B.
name: Orlando, S.
name: Hall, J.
name: Metcalfe, T.S.
name: Wolter, U.
name: Mittag, M.
name: Sanz-Forcada, J.
name: Ducci, L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Epsilon Eri is a young solar-like star with a ~3 yr X-ray activity cycle, detected by us for the first time in a dedicated XMM-Newton long-term monitoring campaign. The magnetic structures on the Sun are intimately linked to the 11-yr activity cycle and they were spatially and temporally resolved throughout the solar cycle. However, for other stars these structures can not be spatially resolved with present-day X-ray instruments. We have, thus, developed a new technique which allows us to reproduce the stellar X-ray variability in terms of time-variations in the coverage of the corona with the same kind of magnetic structures observed on the Sun: active regions (ARs), cores of active regions (COs) and flares (FLs). This poster presents this new method and the results we obtained for the case of Epsilon Eri. Our approach is to simulate a grid of emission measure distributions (EMDs) derived from the analysis of regions observed in the solar corona to artificially reproduce a solar-like corona with the physical characteristics of Epsilon Eri. The three magnetic structures are allowed to contribute to the total coronal EMD with varying area coverage fraction. Thus, from a comparison between these pseudo-solar EMDs and the observations of Epsilon Eri, we are able to associate to each state of the X-ray activity cycle of Epsilon Eri the percentage of ARs, COs and FLs on the corona of the star. The observed amplitude of the X-ray luminosity in the cycle of Epsilon Eri is much smaller than on the Sun. Our analysis provides a physical explanation for this: the simulated EMDs indicate that in all phases of the X-ray cycle a large portion of the corona of Epsilon Eri is covered by active structures. Therefore, there is little space for adding further magnetic structures in the cycle maximum. In the future, this method will be applied to other stars providing an important contribution to better understand the solar-stellar corona connection.
description: {"references": ["Coffaro et al. 2020; A&A, 636, A49; doi 10.1051/0004-6361/201936479"]}
Cornering the universal shape of fluctuations
Creators: name: Estienne, Benoit
name: Stéphan, Jean-Marie
name: Witczak-Krempa, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the fluctuations of observables is one of the main goals in science, be it theoretical or experimental, quantum or classical. We investigate such fluctuations when only a subregion of the full system can be observed, focusing on geometries with sharp corners. We report that the dependence on the opening angle is super-universal: up to a numerical prefactor, this function does not depend on anything, provided the system under study is uniform, isotropic, and correlations do not decay too slowly. The prefactor contains important physical information: we show in particular that it gives access to the long-wavelength limit of the structure factor. We illustrate our findings with several examples, including fractional quantum Hall states, scale invariant quantum critical theories, and metals. Finally, we discuss connections with quantum entanglement, extensions to three dimensions, as well as experiments to probe the geometry of fluctuations.
description: 7+7 pages, 2+0 figures. v2: New results regarding the volume and area law terms for general geometries and dimensions
A comparison between matter wave and light wave interferometers for the detection of gravitational waves
Creators: name: Delva, Pacôme
name: Angonin, Marie-Christine
name: Tourrenc, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate and compare the response of light wave interferometers and matter wave interferometers to gravitational waves. We find that metric matter wave interferometers will not challenge kilometric light wave interferometers such as Virgo or LIGO, but could be a good candidate for the detection of very low frequency gravitational waves.
On a class of q-orthogonal polynomials and the q-Riemann Hilbert Problem
Creators: name: Joshi, Nalini
name: Latimer, Tomas Lasic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give an explicit solution of a q-Riemann Hilbert problem which arises in the theory of orthogonal polynomials, prove that it is unique, and deduce several properties. Our new results include the asymptotic behaviour of zeroes in the limit as the degree of the polynomial approaches infinity.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
L’ACQUISIZIONE DEI SEGNALI DISCORSIVI IN ITALIANO L2
Creators: name: Jafrancesco, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: Italiano LinguaDue
Year: 2015

description: Il contributo presenta i risultati di una ricerca sull’acquisizione dei segnali discorsivi (SD) in italiano L2, condotta su un corpus di parlato di studenti universitari in mobilità accademica, presenti nell’università di Firenze e inseriti in percorsi formativi di italiano L2 presso il Centro Linguistico di Ateneo. Il principale obiettivo dello studio è indagare l’italiano di stranieri relativamente a questo tratto specifico al fine di individuare eventuali sequenze acquisizionali, contribuendo a delineare lo sviluppo della competenza sociopragmatica degli apprendenti nei livelli di competenza proposti nel Quadro comune europeo di riferimento per le lingue (QCER) Si analizza, in particolare, l’uso dei SD nel parlato dialogico degli informanti nei Livelli basico, indipendente e competente del QCER – con riferimento al modello tassonomico dei SD proposto da Bazzanella nella Grande grammatica italiana di consultazione (1995), integrato, in relazione allo specifico contesto, con nuove funzioni – evidenziando i principali macrofenomeni emersi, con l’intento inoltre di riflettere su come i dati dell’acquisizione dell’italiano L2 possono rappresentare un punto di riferimento per la definizione di percorsi formativi coerenti con i processi naturali di sviluppo della competenza.

Acquisition of discourse markers in Italian L2

The paper presents the results of a study on the acquisition of discourse markers (SD) in Italian L2 students, conducted on a corpus of spoken language by university students at the University of Florence who attended Italian L2 language course at the University Language Center. The main objective of the study was to investigate the Italian of foreigners in relation to this specific trait in order to identify possible acquisitional sequences, helping shape the development of learners' socio-pragmatic competence levels proposed in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). In particular, we analyzed the use of SD in the spoken dialogue between students at the basic, independent and competent CEFR levels, with reference to the taxonomic SD model proposed by Bazzanella in the Grande grammatica italiana di consultazione (1995). In relation to the specific context, we integrated new features, focusing on key macro-phenomena that emerged, with the intention of considering how L2 data acquisition can be a reference point for the definition of training consistent with the natural processes of competence development.
description: Italiano LinguaDue, Vol 7, No 1 (2015)
Quantum detector tomography of a high dynamic-range superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
Creators: name: Schapeler, Timon
name: Hoepker, Jan Philipp
name: Bartley, Tim J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate and verify quantum detector tomography of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) in a multiplexing scheme which permits measurement of up to 71000 photons per input pulse. We reconstruct the positive operator valued measure (POVM) of this device in the low photon-number regime, and use the extracted parameters to show the POVMs spanning the whole dynamic range of the device. We verify this by finding the mean photon number of a bright state. Our work shows that a reliable quantum description of large-scale SNSPD devices is possible, and should be applicable to other multiplexing configurations.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Star counts in M31
Creators: name: Hodder, Philip Jeremy Crichton
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The structural properties of external galaxies may be investigated using a model to generate the predicted number of stars as a function of apparent magnitude in any field in the galaxy. An implementation of such a model is explained in detail and is then tested against observations of M31. These data consist of several CCD images of several fields in M31 along the minor axis, with one field along a “diagonal”. Additional data for 5 fields along the major axis was also made available. Modelling of two galaxy components — the spheroid and the disk — is undertaken. A spheroid density normalization of 3.1 x 10⁻⁶ stars pc⁻³ at 10 kpc is derived for two of the spheroid fields. The data for the field along the diagonal gives a density approximately 1.5 greater than this, possibly implying that the spheroid of M31 is inhomogenous. The spheroid axial ratio can be constrained to between 0.4 and 0.7, values similar to previous works. The effective radius cannot be constrained as well because it has a much smaller effect on the observed number counts. It is also noted that changes in these parameters can compensate for changes in the density normalization. Modeffing the disk counts is more problematical — the reasons for this are discussed in some detail. The disk density normalization is found to be approximately 1.5 x 10⁻⁴ stars pc⁻³ at 10 kpc giving a disk to spheroid density ratio of about 48:1. Using models run over grids of scale height and scale length it is found that the scale height is limited to between 50 and 400 pc, the scale length constrained to between 5 and 7 kpc.
IL WORKSHOP DI FONETICA IN ITALIANO L2/LS
Creators: name: Calabrò, Lidia
Publisher: name: Italiano LinguaDue
Year: 2015

description: Lavorare sugli aspetti fonetico-fonologici di una lingua straniera sembra essere ritenuta un’impresa abbastanza ardua da parte dei docenti e un lavoro faticosissimo da parte degli apprendenti. Attraverso un’esperienza iniziata con studenti lusofoni del brasile si vuole presentare il workshop di fonetica nell’italiano L2 come proposta di didattica integrativa al fine di sensibilizzare gli studenti ai tratti segmentali e soprasegmentali della L2 a contrasto con quelli della loro L1. Nel presente contributo verranno presentate alcune attività riguardanti la percezione e l’articolazione dei suoni vocalici, la tecnica della proprioception e la presentazione della tabella fonemica per le vocali, le trascrizioni fonetiche e la durata vocalica in sillaba accentata. Tutte le attività prevedono un coinvolgimento personale e totale del singolo apprendente e di tutta la classe in quanto il workshop si avvale di multimodalità, multimedialità e apprendimento collaborativo al fine di scoprire i suoni della L2 e riflettere sulla loro percezione e articolazione.

Italian L2/FL phonetic workshops

Second language phonetics and phonological aspects are considered difficult to teach and learn by teachers and learners respectively. Based on a teaching experience with Brazilian students, this paper aims at presenting phonetic workshops in Italian as a second language to raise consciousness in students about the FL segmental and suprasegmental aspects in contrast to those of their L1. Some activities related to Italian vowels will be presented: perception and articulation, the proprioception technique and the phonemic chart, phonetic transcriptions and vowel length in stressed syllables. The activities involve the students in a more personal, total and physical way in collaboration with their classmates. The workshop designed as multimodal, multimedia and cooperative, aiming at discovering the sounds of the FL and reflecting on the perception and articulation of these sounds.
description: Italiano LinguaDue, Vol 7, No 1 (2015)
L’ITALIANO È LA LIBERTÀ, L’ITALIANO È UNA MONTAGNA. DESIDERI, BISOGNI E RAPPRESENTAZIONI  DELLA NUOVA LINGUA NEI CORSI PER LE DONNE IMMIGRATE
Creators: name: Favaro, Graziella
Publisher: name: Italiano LinguaDue
Year: 2015

description: Gli immigrati adulti si avvicinano all’apprendimento della seconda lingua con i loro bisogni e le attese, con le loro idee e rappresentazioni del nuovo codice. Per essere efficace, un corso di italiano L2 deve essere quanto più possibile “su misura” e dare risposte mirate alle domande implicite ed esplicite degli apprendenti. Per cercare di esplorare i bisogni e le aspettative, gli approcci iniziali alla nuova lingua e gli aspetti emotivi legati alle parole e ai significati, è stato proposto un questionario a un numero consistente di donne immigrate. Dalla lettura si ricavano profili e cammini diversi di integrazione linguistica, nei quali l’italiano si colloca ora ai margini, ora entro un tempo/spazio circoscritti, ora in posizione centrale e intrafamigliare.

ITALIAN IS FREEDOM, ITALIAN IS A MOUNTAIN
Desires, needs and images of a new language in courses for immigrant women

Adult immigrants approach learning a second language with their needs and expectations, with their ideas and images of the new language. To be effective, an Italian L2 course must be as “tailored” as possible and provide targeted responses to implicit and explicit questions of the learners. In order to explore needs and expectations, initial approaches to a new language and the emotional aspects linked to words and meanings, a questionnaire was given to a large number of immigrant women. Data analysis provided profiles and illustrated the different paths of linguistic integration. The Italian language is sometimes in a marginal position, sometimes within circumscribed time/space, sometimes it plays a central and intrafamilial role.
description: Italiano LinguaDue, Vol 7, No 1 (2015)
Chain Early Dark Energy: Solving the Hubble Tension and Explaining Today's Dark Energy
Creators: name: Freese, Katherine
name: Winkler, Martin Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new model of Early Dark Energy (EDE) as a solution to the Hubble tension in cosmology, the apparent discrepancy between local measurements of the Hubble constant $H_0\simeq 74$ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ and $H_0\simeq 67$ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ inferred from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). In Chain EDE, the Universe undergoes a series of first order phase transitions, starting at a high energy vacuum in a potential, and tunneling down through a chain of every lower energy metastable minima. As in all EDE models, the contribution of the vacuum energy to the total energy density of the universe is initially negligible, but reaches $\sim 10\%$ around matter-radiation equality, before cosmological data require it to redshift away quickly -- at least as fast as radiation. We indeed obtain this required behavior with a series of $N$ tunneling events, and show that for $N>600$ the phase transitions are rapid enough to allow fast percolation and thereby avoid large scale anisotropies in the CMB. We construct a specific example of Chain EDE featuring a scalar field in a quasiperiodic potential (a tilted cosine), which is ubiquitous in axion physics and, therefore, carries strong theoretical motivation. Interestingly, the energy difference between vacua can be roughly the size of today's Dark Energy (meV scale). Therefore, the end result of Chain EDE could provide a natural explanation of Dark Energy, if the tunneling becomes extremely slow in the final step before the field reaches zero (or negative) energy. We discuss a simple mechanism which can stop the scalar field in the desired minimum. Thus Chain EDE offers the exciting prospect to explain EDE and Dark Energy by the same scalar field.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Elasticity of a system with non-central potentials
Creators: name: Murat, Michael
name: Kantor, Yacov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive expressions for determination of the stress and the elastic constants in systems composed of particles interacting via non-central two-body potentials as thermal averages of products of first and second partial derivatives of the interparticle potentials and components of the interparticle separation vectors. These results are adapted to hard potentials, when the stress and the elastic constants are expressed as thermal averages of the components of normals to contact surfaces between the particles and components of vectors separating the centers of the particles. The averages require the knowledge of simultaneous contact probabilities of two pairs of particles. We apply the expressions to particles for which a contact function can be defined, and demonstrate the feasibility of the method by computing the stress and the elastic constants of a two-dimensional system of hard ellipses using Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 14 pages, 9 Postscript figures, RevTex4
Stimulated parametric down-conversion for spatiotemporal metrology
Creators: name: Roux, Filippus S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed analysis of the stimulated parametric down-conversion (PDC) process is performed to investigate the effects of the spatiotemporal degrees of freedom. The analysis provides information that would be useful for PDC-based metrology applications. Using a Wigner functional approach, we obtain the parametric down-converted state as the Bogoliubov transformed input state, in terms of Bogoliubov kernel functions. The result is used to consider the case for a coherent state seeding stimulated PDC. We also compute the background which is obtained from spontaneous PDC.
description: accepted version
Finding flares with recurrent deep neural networks
Creators: name: Vida, Krisztián
name: Bódi, Attila
name: Szklenár, Tamás
name: Seli, Bálint
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: stellar activity
flares
machine learning
neural networks

description: Stellar flares are an important aspect of magnetic activity—both for stellar evolution and circumstellar habitability viewpoints—but automatically and accurately finding them is still a challenge to researchers in the Big Data era of astronomy. We present an experiment to detect flares in space-borne photometric data using deep neural networks. Using a set of artificial data and real photometric data we trained a set of neural networks, and found that the best performing architectures were the recurrent neural networks (RNNs) using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layers. The aim for the trained network is not just detect flares but also be able to distinguish typical false signals (e.g. maxima of RR Lyr stars) from real flares.
description: BS was supported by the ÚNKP-19-3 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology. This project has been supported by the Lendület Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, project No. LP2018-7/2020, the NKFI KH-130526, NKFI K-131508, and 2019-2.1.11-TÉT-2019-00056 grants. On behalf of the Analysis of space-borne photometric data project we thank for the usage of MTA Cloud that helped us achieve the results published in this paper. Authors acknowledge the financial support of the Austrian-Hungarian Action Foundation (95öu3, 98öu5, 101öu13).
GZK Photons in the Minimal Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Model
Creators: name: Gelmini, Graciela
name: Kalashev, Oleg
name: Semikoz, Dmitry V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recently proposed model the cosmic rays spectrum at energies above 10^{18} eV can be fitted with a minimal number of unknown parameters assuming that the extragalactic cosmic rays are only protons with a power law source spectrum ~E^{-alpha} and alpha~2.6. Within this minimal model, after fitting the observed HiRes spectrum with four parameters (proton injection spectrum power law index and maximum energy, minimum distance to sources and evolution parameter) we compute the flux of ultra-high energy photons due to photon-pion production, the GZK photons, for several radio background models and average extragalactic magnetic fields with amplitude between 10^{-11} G and 10^{-9} G. We find the photon fraction to be between 10^{-4} and 10^{-3} in cosmic rays at energies above 10^{19} eV. These small fluxes could only be detected in future experiments like Auger North plus South and EUSO.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
TRA LINGUA E CULTURA: LA COMPETENZA PRAGMATICA INTERCULTURALE
Creators: name: Mariani, Luciano
Publisher: name: Italiano LinguaDue
Year: 2015

description: Le interazioni sociali, verbali e non verbali, sono sempre regolate da norme culturali, per lo più implicite, il cui rispetto costituisce un presupposto di una comunicazione efficace. La competenza pragmatica interculturale studia queste norme e come esse condizionano i comportamenti comunicativi. Il contributo, dopo aver esaminato il ruolo di questa competenza nell’ambito più generale della competenza comunicativa, illustra il rapporto tra forme linguistiche e norme culturali, in particolare nella realizzazione degli atti linguistici e delle loro sequenze. Vengono quindi prese in considerazione le implicazioni pedagogiche e le possibili applicazioni didattiche nel processo di apprendimento e di insegnamento di una lingua seconda o straniera, fornendo da ultimo alcuni esempi di attività e materiali.

Between language and culture: intercultural pragmatic competence

Social interactions, both verbal and non-verbal, are always governed by (usually implicit) cultural norms, which are a prerequisite of effective communication. Intercultural pragmatic competence studies such norms and how they impact on communicative behaviours. This paper first examines the role of this competence within the scope of communicative competence. The relationship between language forms and cultural norms is then explored, with particular reference to the realization of speech acts and their sequences. Finally, pedagogical implications and possible teaching applications are discussed in the context of second and foreign language learning and teaching, together with some examples of relevant activities and materials.
description: Italiano LinguaDue, Vol 7, No 1 (2015)
The imitation game: Proca stars that can mimic the Schwarzschild shadow
Creators: name: Herdeiro, Carlos A. R.
name: Pombo, Alexandre M.
name: Radu, Eugen
name: Cunha, Pedro V. P.
name: Sanchis-Gual, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Can a dynamically robust bosonic star (BS) produce an (effective) shadow that mimics that of a black hole (BH)? The BH shadow is linked to the existence of light rings (LRs). For free bosonic fields, yielding mini-BSs, it is known that these stars can become ultra-compact - i.e., possess LRs - but only for perturbatively unstable solutions. We show this remains the case even when different self-interactions are considered. However, an effective shadow can arise in a different way: if BSs reproduce the existence of an innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) for timelike geodesics (located at $r_{\rm ISCO}=6M$ for a Schwarzschild BH of mass M), the accretion flow morphology around BHs is mimicked and an effective shadow arises in an astrophysical environment. Even though spherical BSs may accommodate stable timelike circular orbits all the way down to their centre, we show the angular velocity along such orbits may have a maximum away from the origin, at $R_Ω$; this scale was recently observed to mimic the BH's ISCO in some scenarios of accretion flow. Then: (i) for free scalar fields or with quartic self-interactions, $R_Ω\neq 0$ only for perturbatively unstable BSs; (ii) for higher scalar self-interactions, e.g. axionic, $R_Ω\neq 0$ is possible for perturbatively stable BSs, but no solution with $R_Ω=6M$ was found in the parameter space explored; (iii) but for free vector fields, yielding Proca stars (PSs), perturbatively stable solutions with $R_Ω\neq 0$ exist, and indeed $R_Ω=6M$ for a particular solution. Thus, dynamically robust spherical PSs can mimic the shadow of a (near-)equilibrium Schwarzschild BH with the same M, in an astrophysical environment, despite the absence of a LR, at least under some observation conditions, as we confirm by comparing the lensing of such PSs and Schwarzschild BHs.
description: Abstract abridged due to arXiv length limit; 22 pages, 9 figures
SemEval-2021 Task 11: NLPContributionGraph -- Structuring Scholarly NLP Contributions for a Research Knowledge Graph
Creators: name: D'Souza, Jennifer
name: Auer, Sören
name: Pedersen, Ted
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is currently a gap between the natural language expression of scholarly publications and their structured semantic content modeling to enable intelligent content search. With the volume of research growing exponentially every year, a search feature operating over semantically structured content is compelling. The SemEval-2021 Shared Task NLPContributionGraph (a.k.a. 'the NCG task') tasks participants to develop automated systems that structure contributions from NLP scholarly articles in the English language. Being the first-of-its-kind in the SemEval series, the task released structured data from NLP scholarly articles at three levels of information granularity, i.e. at sentence-level, phrase-level, and phrases organized as triples toward Knowledge Graph (KG) building. The sentence-level annotations comprised the few sentences about the article's contribution. The phrase-level annotations were scientific term and predicate phrases from the contribution sentences. Finally, the triples constituted the research overview KG. For the Shared Task, participating systems were then expected to automatically classify contribution sentences, extract scientific terms and relations from the sentences, and organize them as KG triples. Overall, the task drew a strong participation demographic of seven teams and 27 participants. The best end-to-end task system classified contribution sentences at 57.27% F1, phrases at 46.41% F1, and triples at 22.28% F1. While the absolute performance to generate triples remains low, in the conclusion of this article, the difficulty of producing such data and as a consequence of modeling it is highlighted.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 8 tables
Physics-guided deep learning framework for predictive modeling of the Reynolds stress anisotropy
Creators: name: Jiang, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite a cost-effective option in practical engineering, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations are facing the ever-growing demand for more accurate turbulence models. Recently, emerging machine learning techniques are making promising impact in turbulence modeling, but in their infancy for widespread industrial adoption. Towards this end, this work proposes a universal, inherently interpretable machine learning framework of turbulence modeling, which mainly consists of two parallel machine-learning-based modules to respectively infer the integrity basis and closure coefficients. At every phase of the model development, both data representing the evolution dynamics of turbulence and domain-knowledge representing prior physical considerations are properly fed and reasonably converted into modeling knowledge. Thus, the developed model is both data- and knowledge-driven. Specifically, a version with pre-constrained integrity basis is provided to demonstrate detailedly how to integrate domain-knowledge, how to design a fair and robust training strategy, and how to evaluate the data-driven model. Plain neural network and residual neural network as the building blocks in each module are compared. Emphases are made on three-fold: (i) a compact input feature parameterizing the newly-proposed turbulent timescale is introduced to release nonunique mappings between conventional input arguments and output Reynolds stress; (ii) the realizability limiter is developed to overcome under-constraint of modeled stress; and (iii) constraints of fairness and noisy-sensitivity are first included in the training procedure. In such endeavors, an invariant, realizable, unbiased and robust data-driven turbulence model is achieved, and does gain good generalization across channel flows at different Reynolds numbers and duct flows with various aspect ratios.
description: 37 pages, 18 figures
N = 8 Superconformal Chern--Simons Theories
Creators: name: Bandres, Miguel A.
name: Lipstein, Arthur E.
name: Schwarz, John H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Lagrangian description of a maximally supersymmetric conformal field theory in three dimensions was constructed recently by Bagger and Lambert (BL). The BL theory has SO(4) gauge symmetry and contains scalar and spinor fields that transform as 4-vectors. We verify that this theory has OSp(8|4) superconformal symmetry and that it is parity conserving despite the fact that it contains a Chern--Simons term. We describe several unsuccessful attempts to construct theories of this type for other gauge groups and representations. This experience leads us to conjecture the uniqueness of the BL theory. Given its large symmetry, we expect this theory to play a significant role in the future development of string theory and M-theory.
description: 13 pages; v2:references added; v3: one more reference; v4: minor clarification added