cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Galactic population of canonical pulsars
Creators: name: Dirson, Ludmilla
name: Pétri, Jérôme
name: Mitra, Dipanjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current wisdom accounts to the diversity of neutron star observational manifestations to their birth scenarios, influencing their thermal and magnetic field evolution. Among the kind of observed neutron stars, radio pulsars represent by far the largest population of neutron stars. In this paper, we aim at constraining the observed population of the canonical neutron star period, magnetic field and spatial distribution at birth in order to understand the radio and high-energy emission processes in a pulsar magnetosphere. For this purpose we design a population synthesis method self-consistently taking into account the secular evolution of a force-free magnetosphere and the magnetic field decay. We generate a population of pulsars and evolve them from their birth to the present time, working in the force-free approximation. We assume a given initial distribution for the spin period, surface magnetic field and spatial galactic location. Radio emission properties are accounted by the polar cap geometry, whereas the gamma-ray emission is assumed to be produced within the striped wind model. We found that a decaying magnetic field gave better agreement with observations compared to a constant magnetic field model. Starting from an initial mean magnetic field strength of $B=2.5\times 10^8$~T with a characteristic decay timescale of $4.6 \times 10^5~$yr, a neutron star birth rate of $1/70~$yr and a mean initial spin period of 60~ms, we found that the force-free model satisfactorily reproduces the distribution of pulsars in the $P-\dot{P}$ diagram with simulated populations of radio-loud, radio-only and radio quiet gamma-ray pulsars similar to the observed populations.
Temperature properties in magnetised and radiatively cooled two-temperature accretion flows onto a black hole
Creators: name: Dihingia, Indu K.
name: Mizuno, Yosuke
name: Fromm, Christian M.
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simplified assumptions about the thermodynamics of the electrons are normally employed in general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of accretion onto black holes. To counter this, we have developed a self-consistent approach to study magnetised and radiatively cooled two-temperature accretion flows around a Kerr black hole in two spatial dimensions. The approach includes several heating processes, radiative cooling, and a coupling between the electrons and the ions via Coulomb interaction. We test our approach by performing axisymmetric GRMHD simulations of magnetised tori accreting onto a Kerr black hole under various astrophysical scenarios. In this way, we find that the inclusion of the Coulomb interaction and the radiative cooling impacts the thermodynamical properties of both the ions and electrons, changing significantly the temperature distribution of the latter, and underlining the importance of a two-temperature approach when imaging these flows. In addition, we find that the accretion rate influences the bulk properties of the flow as well as the thermodynamics of the electrons and ions. Interestingly, we observe qualitatively distinct temperature properties for SANE and MAD accretion modes while maintaining the same accretion rates, which could help distinguishing MAD and SANE accretion flows via observations. Finally, we propose two new relations for the temperature ratios of the electrons, ions, and of the gas in terms of the plasma-$β$ parameter. The new relations represent a simple and effective approach to treat two-temperature accretion flows on supermassive black holes such as Sgr A* and M\,87*.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication at MNRAS
title: Πειραματικό μοντάζ: Σκηνογραφημένες αφηγήσεις στην γειτονιά του Αγ. Διονυσίου Πειραιά

title: Experimental montage: Scenographic narration in St. Dionysios neighborhood, in Piraeus
Creators: name: Δουρελιαδου Δημητρα-Θεοδωρα
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Η βιωματική ανάγνωση μέσα από το αρχιτεκτονικό αποτύπωμα και τις χωρικές σχέσεις επαληθεύουν την ανάγκη για επανασύνθεση της περιοχής του Αγίου Διονυσίου στον Πειραιά. Η εφαρμογή του πειραματικού μοντάζ ως νέα μέθοδος επεξεργασίας του χώρου θα ισχυροποιήσει την ταυτότητα της περιοχής.  Οι όψεις των κτιριων και η δράση μέσα και έξω απο αυτά δημιουργούν πολλές ταυτόχρονες αφηγήσεις που θα τεθούν σε επεξεργασία, με στόχο την δημιουργία μιας εμπλουτισμένης χωρικής εμπειρίας. Σε αυτή τη διαδικασία χρησιμοποιούνται εργαλεία του πειραματικού κινηματογράφου, -που επαναξιολογεί τις κινηματογραφικές μορφές και δεν βασίζεται στην γραμμική αφήγηση- , δημιουργούνται επιμέρους σκηνές που υποστηρίζουν διάφορες δράσεις και οπτικές καδράρονται τα σημεία που μαρτυρούν τον χαρακτήρα και τις ποιότητες του χώρου. Οι σκηνές που προβάλλονται, ζωντανεύουν την περιοχή και συνθέτουν αφηγήσεις μιας, ή μάλλον πολλών αστικών εμπειριών.
Photometric redshift estimates using Bayesian neural networks in the CSST survey
Creators: name: Zhou, Xingchen
name: Gong, Yan
name: Meng, Xian-Min
name: Chen, Xuelei
name: Chen, Zhu
name: Du, Wei
name: Fu, Liping
name: Luo, Zhijian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy photometric redshift (photo-$z$) is crucial in cosmological studies, such as weak gravitational lensing and galaxy angular clustering measurements. In this work, we try to extract photo-$z$ information and construct its probability distribution function (PDF) using the Bayesian neural networks (BNN) from both galaxy flux and image data expected to be obtained by the China Space Station Telescope (CSST). The mock galaxy images are generated from the Advanced Camera for Surveys of Hubble Space Telescope ($HST$-ACS) and COSMOS catalog, in which the CSST instrumental effects are carefully considered. And the galaxy flux data are measured from galaxy images using aperture photometry. We construct Bayesian multilayer perceptron (B-MLP) and Bayesian convolutional neural network (B-CNN) to predict photo-$z$ along with the PDFs from fluxes and images, respectively. We combine the B-MLP and B-CNN together, and construct a hybrid network and employ the transfer learning techniques to investigate the improvement of including both flux and image data. For galaxy samples with SNR$>$10 in $g$ or $i$ band, we find the accuracy and outlier fraction of photo-$z$ can achieve $σ_{\rm NMAD}=0.022$ and $η=2.35\%$ for the B-MLP using flux data only, and $σ_{\rm NMAD}=0.022$ and $η=1.32\%$ for the B-CNN using image data only. The Bayesian hybrid network can achieve $σ_{\rm NMAD}=0.021$ and $η=1.23\%$, and utilizing transfer learning technique can improve results to $σ_{\rm NMAD}=0.019$ and $η=1.17\%$, which can provide the most confident predictions with the lowest average uncertainty.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in RAA
Affine Manifolds and Zero Lyapunov Exponents in Genus 3
Creators: name: Aulicino, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In previous work, the author fully classified orbit closures in genus three with maximally many (four) zero Lyapunov exponents of the Kontsevich-Zorich cocycle. In this paper, we prove that there are no higher dimensional orbit closures in genus three with any zero Lyapunov exponents. Furthermore, if a Teichmüller curve in genus three has two zero Lyapunov exponents in the Kontsevich-Zorich cocycle, then it lies in the principal stratum and has at most quadratic trace field. Moreover, there can be at most finitely many such Teichmüller curves.
description: 40 pages, To appear in GAFA
Superior dark-state cooling via nonreciprocal couplings in trapped atoms
Creators: name: Wang, Chun-Che
name: Wang, Yi-Cheng
name: Wang, Chung-Hsien
name: Chen, Chi-Chih
name: Jen, H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cooling the trapped atoms toward their motional ground states is key to applications of quantum simulation and quantum computation. By utilizing nonreciprocal couplings between constituent atoms, we present an intriguing dark-state cooling scheme in $Λ$-type three-level structure, which is shown superior than the conventional electromagnetically-induced-transparency cooling in a single atom. The effective nonreciprocal couplings can be facilitated either by an atom-waveguide interface or a free-space photonic quantum link. By tailoring system parameters allowed in dark-state cooling, we identify the parameter regions of better cooling performance with an enhanced cooling rate. We further demonstrate a mapping to the dark-state sideband cooling under asymmetric laser driving fields, which shows a distinct heat transfer and promises an outperforming dark-state sideband cooling assisted by collective spin-exchange interactions.
description: 4 figures
Free-energy calculations for semi-flexible macromolecules: Applications to DNA knotting and looping
Creators: name: Giovan, Stefan M.
name: Scharein, Robert G.
name: Hanke, Andreas
name: Levene, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to obtain numerically accurate values of configurational free energies of semiflexible macromolecular systems, based on the technique of thermodynamic integration combined with normal-mode analysis of a reference system subject to harmonic constraints. Compared with previous free-energy calculations that depend on a reference state, our approach introduces two innovations, namely the use of internal coordinates to constrain the reference states and the ability to freely select these reference states. As a consequence, it is possible to explore systems that undergo substantially larger fluctuations than those considered in previous calculations, including semiflexible biopolymers having arbitrary ratios of contour length L to persistence length P. To validate the method, high accuracy is demonstrated for free energies of prime DNA knots with L/P=20 and L/P=40, corresponding to DNA lengths of 3000 and 6000 base pairs, respectively. We then apply the method to study the free-energy landscape for a model of a synaptic nucleoprotein complex containing a pair of looped domains, revealing a bifurcation in the location of optimal synapse (crossover) sites. This transition is relevant to target-site selection by DNA-binding proteins that occupy multiple DNA sites separated by large linear distances along the genome, a problem that arises naturally in gene regulation, DNA recombination, and the action of type-II topoisomerases.
description: Main article: 24 pages, 8 figures; Supplemental Material: 21 pages, 6 figures. Typos corrected
Radiative feedback on supermassive star formation: the massive end of the Population III initial mass function
Creators: name: Toyouchi, Daisuke
name: Inayoshi, Kohei
name: Li, Wenxiu
name: Haiman, Zoltán
name: Kuiper, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive stars (SMSs) with masses of $M_\ast \simeq 10^4$--$10^5~{\rm M_\odot}$ are invoked as possible seeds of high-redshift supermassive black holes, but it remains under debate whether their protostar indeed acquires sufficient mass via gas accretion overcoming radiative feedback. We investigate protostellar growth in dynamically heated atomic-cooling haloes (ACHs) found in recent cosmological simulations, performing three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamical (RHD) simulations that consider stellar evolution under variable mass accretion. We find that one of the ACHs feeds the central protostar at rates exceeding a critical value, above which the star evolves in a cool bloating phase and hardly produces ionizing photons. Consequently, the stellar mass reaches $M_\ast \gtrsim 10^4~{\rm M_\odot}$ unimpeded by radiative feedback. In the other ACH, where the mass supply rate is lower, the star spends most of its life as a hot main-sequence star, emitting intense ionizing radiation. Then, the stellar mass growth is terminated around $500~{\rm M_\odot}$ by photoevaporation of the circumstellar disk. A series of our RHD simulations provide a formula of the final stellar mass determined either by stellar feedback or their lifetime as a function of the mass supply rate from the parent cloud in the absence of stellar radiation. Combining the results with the statistical properties of SMS-forming clouds in high-redshift quasar progenitor haloes, we construct a top-heavy mass distribution of primordial stars over $M_\ast \simeq 100$--$10^5~{\rm M_\odot}$, approximately following a power-law spectrum of $\propto M_\ast^{-1.3}$ with a steeper decline at $M_\ast \gtrsim 2 \times 10^4~{\rm M_\odot}$. Their massive BH remnants would be further fed via the dense debris disk, powering "milli-quasars" with a bolometric luminosity of $L_{\rm bol}~\gtrsim~10^{43}~{\rm erg~s^{-1}}$.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures, and 3 tables, submitted to MNRAS
Multiplicity Estimates: a Morse-theoretic approach
Creators: name: Binyamini, Gal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J99

description: The problem of estimating the multiplicity of the zero of a polynomial when restricted to the trajectory of a non-singular polynomial vector field, at one or several points, has been considered by authors in several different fields. The two best (incomparable) estimates are due to Gabrielov and Nesterenko. In this paper we present a refinement of Gabrielov's method which simultaneously improves these two estimates. Moreover, we give a geometric description of the multiplicity function in terms certain naturally associated polar varieties, giving a topological explanation for an asymptotic phenomenon that was previously obtained by elimination theoretic methods in the works of Brownawell, Masser and Nesterenko. We also give estimates in terms of Newton polytopes, strongly generalizing the classical estimates.
description: Minor revision; To appear in Duke Math. Journal
Robots that can adapt like animals
Creators: name: Cully, Antoine
name: Clune, Jeff
name: Tarapore, Danesh
name: Mouret, Jean-Baptiste
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: As robots leave the controlled environments of factories to autonomously function in more complex, natural environments, they will have to respond to the inevitable fact that they will become damaged. However, while animals can quickly adapt to a wide variety of injuries, current robots cannot "think outside the box" to find a compensatory behavior when damaged: they are limited to their pre-specified self-sensing abilities, can diagnose only anticipated failure modes, and require a pre-programmed contingency plan for every type of potential damage, an impracticality for complex robots. Here we introduce an intelligent trial and error algorithm that allows robots to adapt to damage in less than two minutes, without requiring self-diagnosis or pre-specified contingency plans. Before deployment, a robot exploits a novel algorithm to create a detailed map of the space of high-performing behaviors: This map represents the robot's intuitions about what behaviors it can perform and their value. If the robot is damaged, it uses these intuitions to guide a trial-and-error learning algorithm that conducts intelligent experiments to rapidly discover a compensatory behavior that works in spite of the damage. Experiments reveal successful adaptations for a legged robot injured in five different ways, including damaged, broken, and missing legs, and for a robotic arm with joints broken in 14 different ways. This new technique will enable more robust, effective, autonomous robots, and suggests principles that animals may use to adapt to injury.
Two-photon exchange in (muonic) deuterium at N3LO in pionless effective field theory
Creators: name: Lensky, Vadim
name: Hagelstein, Franziska
name: Pascalutsa, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the two-photon-exchange ($2γ$-exchange) corrections to the $S$-levels in muonic ($μ$D) and ordinary (D) deuterium within the pionless effective field theory (pionless EFT). Our calculation proceeds up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) in the pionless EFT expansion. The only unknown low-energy constant entering the calculation at this order corresponds to the coupling of a longitudinal photon to the nucleon-nucleon system. To minimise its correlation with the deuteron charge radius, it is extracted using the information about the hydrogen-deuterium isotope shift. We find the elastic $2γ$-exchange contribution in $μ$D larger by several standard deviations than obtained in other recent calculations. This discrepancy ameliorates the mismatch between theory and experiment on the size of $2γ$-exchange effects, and is attributed to the properties of the deuteron elastic charge form factor parametrisation used to evaluate the elastic contribution. We identify a correlation between the deuteron charge and Friar radii, which can help one to judge how well a form factor parametrisation describes the low-virtuality properties of the deuteron. We also evaluate the higher-order $2γ$-exchange contributions in $μ$D, generated by the single-nucleon structure and expected to be the most important terms beyond N3LO. The uncertainty of the theoretical result is dominated by the truncation of the pionless EFT series and is quantified using a Bayesian approach. The resulting extractions of the deuteron charge radius from the $μ$D Lamb shift, the $2S-1S$ transition in D, and the $2S-1S$ hydrogen-deuterium isotope shift, with the respective $2γ$-exchange effects evaluated in a unified pionless EFT approach, are in perfect agreement.
description: 38 pages, 8 figures, minor changes and corrections, references added, matches published version
Observation of oscillatory Raman gain associated with two-photon Rabi oscillations of nanofiber-coupled atoms
Creators: name: Liedl, Christian
name: Pucher, Sebastian
name: Schneeweiss, Philipp
name: Yatsenko, Leonid P.
name: Rauschenbeutel, Arno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum emitters with a $Λ$-type level structure enable numerous protocols and applications in quantum science and technology. Understanding and controlling their dynamics is, therefore, one of the central research topics in quantum optics. Here, we drive two-photon Rabi oscillations between the two ground states of cesium atoms and observe the associated oscillatory Raman gain and absorption that stems from the atom-mediated coherent photon exchange between the two drive fields. The atoms are efficiently and homogeneously coupled with the probe field by means of a nanofiber-based optical interface. We study the dependence of the two-photon Rabi frequency on the system parameters and observe Autler-Townes splitting in the probe transmission spectrum. Beyond shedding light on the fundamental processes underlying two-photon Rabi oscillations, our method could also be used to investigate (quantum) correlations between the two drive fields as well as the dynamical establishment of electromagnetically induced transparency.
ARC: A compact, high-field, fusion nuclear science facility and demonstration power plant with demountable magnets
Creators: name: Sorbom, B. N.
name: Ball, J.
name: Palmer, T. R.
name: Mangiarotti, F. J.
name: Sierchio, J. M.
name: Bonoli, P.
name: Kasten, C.
name: Sutherland, D. A.
name: Barnard, H. S.
name: Haakonsen, C. B.
name: Goh, J.
name: Sung, C.
name: Whyte, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The affordable, robust, compact (ARC) reactor conceptual design study aims to reduce the size, cost, and complexity of a combined fusion nuclear science facility (FNSF) and demonstration fusion Pilot power plant. ARC is a 200-250 MWe tokamak reactor with a major radius of 3.3 m, a minor radius of 1.1 m, and an on-axis magnetic field of 9.2 T. ARC has rare earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) superconducting toroidal field coils, which have joints to enable disassembly. This allows the vacuum vessel to be replaced quickly, mitigating first wall survivability concerns, and permits a single device to test many vacuum vessel designs and divertor materials. The design point has a plasma fusion gain of Q_p~13.6, yet is fully non-inductive, with a modest bootstrap fraction of only ~63%. Thus ARC offers a high power gain with relatively large external control of the current profile. This highly attractive combination is enabled by the ~23 T peak field on coil with newly available REBCO superconductor technology. External current drive is provided by two innovative inboard RF launchers using 25 MW of lower hybrid and 13.6 MW of ion cyclotron fast wave power. The resulting efficient current drive provides a robust, steady state core plasma far from disruptive limits. ARC uses an all-liquid blanket, consisting of low pressure, slowly flowing fluorine lithium beryllium (FLiBe) molten salt. The liquid blanket is low-risk technology and provides effective neutron moderation and shielding, excellent heat removal, and a tritium breeding ratio >= 1.1. The large temperature range over which FLiBe is liquid permits blanket operation at 900 K with single phase fluid cooling and a high-efficiency Brayton cycle, allowing for net electricity generation when operating ARC as a Pilot power plant.
description: 35 pages, 32 figures
Increasing African Indigenous Knowledge and Research Output Through Digitization
Creators: name: Owango, Joy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The Africa PID Alliance is a product of collaboration and identification of a need to drive innovation in open research landscape in Africa. One of the primary missions of the APA (Africa PID Alliance), and part of its mission is to facilitate the registration of Indigenous Knowledge content, continuously gather feedback from the community and find solutions transform this cultural knowledge and heritage into accessible and FAIR content. Helix Analytics Ltd is and Training Center in communication (TCC Africa) will be running a series of outreaches to extend the APA coverage, as we aim to include all the African regions and countries from North to South and from East to West. With that in place, the APA is very much keen to explore international collaborations and partnerships with the global community of PIDs enthusiasts to share and exchange knowledge around building an reliable open research infrastructure in and from Africa, and connected to global networks and registries of PIDs.
Field Theory for Perfect String Fluids
Creators: name: Schubring, Daniel
name: Vanchurin, Vitaly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a field theory description of non-dissipative string fluids and construct an explicit mapping between field theory degrees of freedom and hydrodynamic variables. The theory generalizes both a perfect particle fluid and pressureless string fluid to what we call a perfect string fluid. Ideal magnetohydrodynamics is shown to be an example of the perfect string fluid whose equations of motion can be obtained from a particular choice of the Lagrangian. The Lagrangian framework suggests a straightforward extension of the perfect string fluid to more general anisotropic fluids describing higher dimensional branes such as domain walls. Other modifications of the Lagrangian are discussed which may be useful in describing relativistic superfluids and fluids containing additional currents.
description: 23 pages. v2: Expanded discussion. The variational principle is discussed for both magnetohydrodynamics and a model of relativistic superfluids
Properties of the interstellar medium in star-forming galaxies at redshifts 2 < z < 5 from the VANDELS survey
Creators: name: Calabrò, A.
name: Pentericci, L.
name: Talia, M.
name: Cresci, G.
name: Castellano, M.
name: Belfiori, D.
name: Mascia, S.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Amorín, R.
name: Fynbo, J.
name: Ginolfi, M.
name: Guaita, L.
name: Hathi, N.
name: Koekemoer, A.
name: Llerena, M.
name: Mannucci, F.
name: Santini, P.
name: Saxena, A.
name: Schaerer, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gaseous flows inside and outside galaxies are key to understanding galaxy evolution, as they regulate their star formation activity across cosmic time. We study the ISM kinematics of 330 CIII or HeII emitters, using far-UV ISM absorption lines detected in the VANDELS spectra. These galaxies span a broad range of stellar masses M$_\ast$ from $10^8$ to $10^{11}$ M$_\odot$, and SFRs from 1 to 500 M$_\odot$/yr, in the redshift range between 2 and 5. We find that the bulk ISM velocity v$_{ism}$ is globally in outflow, with v$_{ism}$ of -60 $\pm$ 10 km/s for low ionization gas traced by SiII 1260 Angstrom, CII 1334, SiII 1526, and AlII 1670, and v$_{ism}$ of -160 $\pm$ 30 and -170 $\pm$ 30 km/s for higher ionization gas traced respectively by AlIII 1854-1862 and SiIV 1393-1402. Interestingly, BPASS models are able to better reproduce the stellar continuum around the SiIV doublet than other stellar population templates. For individual galaxies, $34\%$ of the sample has a positive ISM velocity shift, almost double the fraction reported at lower redshifts. Comparing v$_{ism}$ to the host galaxies properties, we find no significant correlations with M$_\ast$ or SFR, and only a marginally significant dependence (at $\sim 2σ$) on morphology-related parameters, with slightly higher velocities in galaxies of smaller size (probed by the equivalent radius), higher concentration, and higher SFR surface density. The outflows are consistent with models of accelerating, momentum-driven winds, with densities decreasing towards the outskirts. Our moderately lower ISM velocities compared to those found in similar studies at lower redshifts suggest that inflows and internal turbulence might play an increased role at $z>2$. We estimate mass outflow rates comparable to the SFRs of the galaxies, and an average escape velocity of 625 km/s, suggesting that most of the ISM will remain bound to the galaxy halo.
description: 24 pages, 2 tables and 20 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. This replaces the submitted version posted before. Fig. A.2 replaced, Fig. A.1 updated, typos corrected. Language editing by A&A has been performed
Immunometabolic strategies to combat COVID-19 inflammation
Creators: name: Summak, Gökçe Yağmur
name: Kocakaya, Ebru
name: Beşbınar, Ömür
name: Somers, Julia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: It is well established that inflammation is a major driver of COVID-19 pathophysiology. Severely afflicted patients develop an aberrant immune response that can lead to widespread tissue damage, multisystem organ failure, and death. For this reason, immunomodulatory therapeutics have been a central topic of COVID-19 research. Host metabolism governs many of the dynamic processes that shape the immune response to pathogens. Perturbation of metabolic pathways by viral proteins is a strategic mechanism by which viruses create an environment favorable to their replication and survival. Fortunately, a plethora of therapeutics are readily available to modulate metabolic pathways, lending to the possibility of repurposing these therapeutics for COVID-19. One enzyme that operates as a critical metabolic controller of host immune response is indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO). IDO catalyzes the rate limiting step in the synthesis of anti-inflammatory kynurenines and the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Kynurenines modulate T-cell immunity by encouraging differentiation of tolerogenic T-cell subsets and restricting the expansion of cytotoxic T-cell populations. Several studies have noted elevated kynurenine metabolites in COVID-19 patients, indicating high activity of the pathway.
 Produced downstream of kynurenine metabolites, the coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+ are fundamental to metabolic redox reactions and ATP production. In response to DNA damage, oxidative stress, and viral infections like COVID-19, stress-induced Poly ADP ribose polymerases (PARPs) process NAD+ into nicotinamide (NAM). Hyperactivity of PARPs increases pro-inflammatory cytokine production, depletes local NAD+ and ATP, and can trigger cell death. PARP hyperactivity is linked to serious clinical manifestations of inflammation including ventilator induced lung injury, ischemia/reperfusion, and sepsis. Our curation efforts highlighted the potential that targeting the kynurenine and nicotinamide synthesis pathway may reduce inflammation severity in COVID-19. Feedback inhibition of PARPs by NAM has been suggested for COVID-19 therapy. Supplementation of the immunomodulators NAD+ or Vitamin B3 (which contains NAM and niacin as precursors) may also serve to stimulate the protective effects of the kynurenine and nicotinamide synthesis pathway.
Environmental Effects on the Dynamical Evolution of Star Clusters in Turbulent Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Suin, Paolo
name: Shore, Steven N.
name: Pavlík, Václav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Star clusters form within giant molecular clouds that are strongly altered by the feedback action of the massive stars, but the cluster still remains embedded in a dense, highly turbulent medium and interactions with ambient structures may modify its dynamical evolution from that expected if it were isolated. Aims: We aim to study coupling mechanisms between the dynamical evolution of the cluster, accelerated by the mass segregation process, with harassment effects caused by the gaseous environment. Methods: We simulated the cluster dynamical evolution combining $N$-body and hydrodynamic codes within the Astronomical Multipurpose Software Environment (AMUSE). Conclusions: Tidal harassment produces a sparser configuration more rapidly than the isolated reference simulations. The evolution of the asymptotic power-law density distribution exponent also shows substantially different behaviour in the two cases. The background is more effective on clusters in advanced stages of dynamical development.
description: 9 pages, 2 appendices, 4 tables, 6 figures, accepted for publication to A&A
Polaronic mass renormalization of impurities in BEC: correlated Gaussian wavefunction approach
Creators: name: Shchadilova, Yulia E.
name: Grusdt, Fabian
name: Rubtsov, Alexey N.
name: Demler, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a class of variational Gaussian wavefunctions to describe Fröhlich polarons at finite momenta. Our wavefunctions give polaron energies that are in excellent agreement with the existing Monte Carlo results for a broad range of interactions. We calculate the effective mass of polarons and find smooth crossover between weak and intermediate impurity-bosons coupling. Effective masses that we obtain are considerably larger than those predicted by the mean-field method. A novel prediction based on our variational wavefunctions is a special pattern of correlations between host atoms that can be measured in time-of-flight experiments. We discuss atomic mixtures in systems of ultracold atoms in which our results can be tested with current experimental technology.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures + Supplementary Materials
Variation of Gieseker moduli spaces via quiver GIT
Creators: name: Greb, Daniel
name: Ross, Julius
name: Toma, Matei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D20, 14J60, 32G13, 14L24, 16G20

description: We introduce a notion of stability for sheaves with respect to several polarisations that generalises the usual notion of Gieseker-stability. We prove, under a boundedness assumption, which we show to hold on threefolds or for rank two sheaves on base manifolds of arbitrary dimension, that semistable sheaves have a projective coarse moduli space that depends on a natural stability parameter. We then give two applications of this machinery. First, we show that given a real ample class $ω\in N^1(X)_\mathbb{R}$ on a smooth projective threefold $X$ there exists a projective moduli space of sheaves that are Gieseker-semistable with respect to $ω$. Second, we prove that given any two ample line bundles on $X$ the corresponding Gieseker moduli spaces are related by Thaddeus-flips.
description: 51 pages; v2: added discussion concerning characteristic of the base field, fixed some typos and inconsistencies; removed "I" from title as second part has a new title; to appear in Geometry & Topology
X-ray Spectra From Weakly Magnetized Accretion Flows
Creators: name: Wallace, John
name: Pe'er, Asaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we expand upon previous work that argued for the possibility of a sub-equipartition magnetic field in the accretion flow of a black hole binary system. Using X-ray observations of the three well-known sources A0620-00, XTE J1118+480 and V404 Cyg during the quiescent state, we compare the theoretically expected spectral shape with the observed data in order to verify that the parameters of the sub-equipartition model are plausible. In all three cases, we find that it is possible to reproduce the spectral shape of the X-ray observations with a sub-equipartition flow. These findings support the idea that the quiescent state spectrum of X-ray binary systems is produced by a weakly-magnetized accretion flow. A sub-equipartition flow would pose a significant challenge to our current understanding of jet-launching, which relies on the presence of a strong magnetic field to power the jet.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to ApJ
Surface particle motions excited by a low velocity normal impact into a granular medium
Creators: name: Neiderbach, Max
name: Suo, Bingcheng
name: Wright, Esteban
name: Quillen, A. C.
name: Lee, Mokin
name: Miklavcic, Peter
name: Askari, Hesam
name: Sánchez, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In laboratory experiments, high speed videos are used to detect and track mm-size surface particle motions caused by a low velocity normal impact into sand. Outside the final crater radius and prior to the landing of the ejecta curtain, particle displacements are measured via particle tracking velocimetry and with a cross-correlation method. Surface particles rebound and are also permanently displaced with both peak and permanent displacements rapidly decaying as a function of distance from the crater center. The surface begins to move before most of the ejecta curtain has landed, but continues to move after the subsurface seismic pulse has decayed. Ray angles for surface and subsurface velocities are similar to those described by a Maxwell's Z-model. This implies that the flow field outside the crater excavation region is a continuation of the crater excavation flow. The ratio of final particle displacement to crater radius resembles that measured for other impact craters.
SARS-CoV-2 and the NLRP3 inflammasome
Creators: name: Somers, Julia
name: Kocakaya, Ebru
name: Summak, Gökçe Yağmur
name: Beşbınar, Ömür
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Inflammasomes are endogenous sensors of viral infection activated by damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Once activated by DAMPs or PAMPs, inflammasomes assemble and catalyze the autoactivation of Caspase-1 and subsequent maturation of proinflammatory cytokines. Although these multiprotein systems are key to innate immunity, the overactivity of inflammasomes can perpetuate a hyperactive immune response causing damaging inflammation. In COVID-19, devastating inflammation contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality. Patients with severe COVID-19 exhibit high levels of IL-1B and IL-18 indicating robust activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 incites the NLRP3 inflammasome have not been extensively characterized, but may be inferred from those of its close relative SARS-CoV. Several proteins from the SARS coronaviruses and other coronaviruses have been found to preferentially incite the NLRP3 inflammasome, both by direct association with inflammasome components and indirect disruption of ion gradients. Here we present our curation of these mechanisms and the possible targets in the NLRP3 inflammasome system for COVID-19 therapeutics.
On the global uniqueness for the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar field system with a cosmological constant. Part 2: Structure of the solutions and stability of the Cauchy horizon
Creators: name: Costa, João L.
name: Girão, Pedro M.
name: Natário, José
name: Silva, Jorge Drumond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 83C05, Secondary 35Q76, 83C22, 83C57, 83C75

description: This paper is the second part of a trilogy dedicated to the following problem: given spherically symmetric characteristic initial data for the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar field system with a cosmological constant $Λ$, with the data on the outgoing initial null hypersurface given by a subextremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole event horizon, study the future extendibility of the corresponding maximal globally hyperbolic development as a "suitably regular" Lorentzian manifold. In the first paper of this sequence, we established well posedness of the characteristic problem with general initial data. In this second paper, we generalize the results of Dafermos on the stability of the radius function at the Cauchy horizon by including a cosmological constant. This requires a considerable deviation from the strategy followed by Dafermos, focusing on the level sets of the radius function instead of the red-shift and blue-shift regions. We also present new results on the global structure of the solution when the free data is not identically zero in a neighborhood of the origin. In the third and final paper, we will consider the issue of mass inflation and extendibility of solutions beyond the Cauchy horizon.
description: 44 pages, 13 figures; v2: a few small changes; v3: a paragraph was added in the Introduction, minor clarifications were made thoughout, the list of references was expanded, matches final published version
Trouble with geodesics in black-to-white hole bouncing scenarios
Creators: name: Hong, Deog Ki
name: Lin, Wei-Chen
name: Yeom, Dong-han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By utilizing the thin shell approximation, we investigate the behavior of radial timelike geodesics in a black hole to white hole bouncing scenario with a mass (de-)amplification relation. We show that those geodesics lose energy after crossing the transition surface if the white hole mass is less than the black hole mass and vice versa. That is, the bounded timelike radial geodesics become closer to the event horizon in the mass decreasing direction. We then show that by tracing a finite amount of bouncing cycles along the mass decreasing direction, all bounded radial geodesics can be squeezed into the range of the stretched horizon while the black hole and white hole are still massive. Those highly squeezed geodesics are problematic since there exists a Planck-scale blueshift between them and the regular infalling trajectories. We also discuss the possible implication and rescues.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures. (V2: Matching the version accepted by PRD. New references added.)
Intelligent Devices for IoT Applications
Creators: name: Sagar, Md. Samiul Islam
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: High Temperature Antenna
Intelligent gas sensors
Sensor Drift Compensation
Super Wideband Antenna
Internet of Things
Machine Learning

description: Internet of Things (IoT) devices refer to a vast network of physical devices that are connected to the internet and can communicate with each other through sensors and software. These devices range from simple household appliances, like smart thermostats and security cameras, to more complex industrial equipment, such as sensors used in manufacturing and logistics. Specially, IoT enabled wireless gas sensing systems which can withstand harsh environments without compromising the performance are getting popular day by day, which necessitates adequate developments in this field. By being the essential components of a wireless gas sensing system, both the sensor and the elements for communication should be agile and resilient when it comes to tackle unfavorable scenario. Moreover, gas sensors are prone to drift, which can lead to inaccurate readings and decreased reliability over time. Again, recent advancements in antenna design, such as fractal antennas and metamaterial structures, have shown promises in improving the bandwidth and gain parameters of the antennas built on top of high temperature tackling substrates. This piece of research targets three fundamental sections: demonstration of recent advances in data driven techniques for gas sensing system optimization, designing of antennas for different applications, and device design as well as fabrication. The Dimatix DMP-2831 inkjet printer has been optimized to operate with six different inks and two different substrates including PET and 3 mol yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) based ceramic substrate. Later, the feature oriented gas sensor data analysis to investigate correlations among stability, selectivity and long term drift is illustrated, which should significant relations among those parameters that can be considered while designing different intelligent data driven models to compensate drift. Moreover, a subspace transfer based approach is proposed to classify drifted gas sensor response to detect particular gas with higher accuracy. The model achieved an average accuracy greater than 87% while using only 40% of the total dataset to be trained. In the field of antenna technology, a co-planar waveguide (CPW) fed super wideband antenna is proposed which can cover C, X, Ku, K, Ka, Q, V, and W bands according to the simulated performance with high gain and radiation efficiency. Again, a high temperature tolerant antenna based on 3YSZ substrate is proposed which achieved good alignment between the simulated and fabricated device performance.
ЛАТИНСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ И ОБЩЕЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ ВРАЧА
Creators: name: Айтмуратова, Перхан
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Обсуждаются роль и место латинского языка и медицинской терминологии в системе высшего медицинского образования. Приведены краткие сведения об использовании латинского языка в научных работах по медицине. Перечислены причины важности латинского языка для профессиональной и общей культуры врача. Статья иллюстрирована рядом латинских изречений, часто использующихся в медицине.
Realistic HI scale heights of Milky Way-mass galaxies in the FIREbox cosmological volume
Creators: name: Gensior, Jindra
name: Feldmann, Robert
name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Wetzel, Andrew
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurately reproducing the thin cold gas discs observed in nearby spiral galaxies has been a long standing issue in cosmological simulations. Here, we present measurements of the radially resolved HI scale height in 22 non-interacting Milky Way-mass galaxies from the FIREbox cosmological volume. We measure the HI scale heights using five different approaches commonly used in the literature: fitting the vertical volume density distribution with a Gaussian, the distance between maximum and half-maximum of the vertical volume density distribution, a semi-empirical description using the velocity dispersion and the galactic gravitational potential, the analytic assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium, and the distance from the midplane which encloses $\gtrsim$60 per cent of the HI mass. We find median HI scale heights, measured using the vertical volume distribution, that range from ~100 pc in the galactic centres to ~800 pc in the outskirts and are in excellent agreement with recent observational results. We speculate that the presence of a realistic multiphase interstellar medium, including cold gas, and realistic stellar feedback are the drivers behind the realistic HI scale heights.
description: 5 pages + appendix, 3 figures, updated to version accepted by MNRAS
Re-entrance effect in the high-temperature critical phase of the quantum dimer model on the square lattice
Creators: name: Dabholkar, Bhupen
name: Sreejith, G. J.
name: Alet, Fabien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantum Monte Carlo investigation of the finite-temperature phase diagram of the quantum dimer model on the square lattice. We use the sweeping cluster algorithm, which allows to implement exactly the dimer constraint, supplemented with a equal-time directed loop move that allows to sample winding sectors. We find a high-temperature critical phase with power-law correlations that extend down to the Rokshar-Kivelson point, in the vicinity of which a re-entrance effect in the lines of constant exponent is found. For small values of the kinetic energy strength, we find finite-temperature transitions to ordered states (columnar and staggered) which match those of interacting classical dimer models.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures; Added ref 6, 42; Added Appendix B; Added Fig 4, 10; Modified Fig 2,7 and 8