cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Robust Field-level Likelihood-free Inference with Galaxies
Creators: name: de Santi, Natalí S. M.
name: Shao, Helen
name: Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco
name: Abramo, L. Raul
name: Teyssier, Romain
name: Villanueva-Domingo, Pablo
name: Ni, Yueying
name: Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel
name: Genel, Shy
name: Hernandez-Martinez, Elena
name: Steinwandel, Ulrich P.
name: Lovell, Christopher C.
name: Dolag, Klaus
name: Castro, Tiago
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We train graph neural networks to perform field-level likelihood-free inference using galaxy catalogs from state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations of the CAMELS project. Our models are rotational, translational, and permutation invariant and do not impose any cut on scale. From galaxy catalogs that only contain $3$D positions and radial velocities of $\sim 1, 000$ galaxies in tiny $(25~h^{-1}{\rm Mpc})^3$ volumes our models can infer the value of $Ω_{\rm m}$ with approximately $12$ % precision. More importantly, by testing the models on galaxy catalogs from thousands of hydrodynamic simulations, each having a different efficiency of supernova and AGN feedback, run with five different codes and subgrid models - IllustrisTNG, SIMBA, Astrid, Magneticum, SWIFT-EAGLE -, we find that our models are robust to changes in astrophysics, subgrid physics, and subhalo/galaxy finder. Furthermore, we test our models on $1,024$ simulations that cover a vast region in parameter space - variations in $5$ cosmological and $23$ astrophysical parameters - finding that the model extrapolates really well. Our results indicate that the key to building a robust model is the use of both galaxy positions and velocities, suggesting that the network have likely learned an underlying physical relation that does not depend on galaxy formation and is valid on scales larger than $\sim10~h^{-1}{\rm kpc}$.
description: 34 pages, 12 figures. For a video summarizing the results, see https://youtu.be/b59ep7cyPOs
Two-fold refinement of non simply laced Chern-Simons theories
Creators: name: Avetisyan, M. Y.
name: Mkrtchyan, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the two-parameter Macdonald-Cherednik deformation of the formulae for non simply laced simple Lie algebras, we propose a two-fold refinement of the partition function of the corresponding Chern-Simons theory on $S^3$. It is based on a two-fold refinement of the Kac-Peterson formula for the volume of the fundamental domain of the coroot lattice of non simply laced Lie algebras. We further derive explicit integral representations of the two-fold refined Chern-Simons partition functions. We also present the corresponding generalized universal-like expressions for them. With these formulae in hand, one can try to investigate a possible duality of the corresponding Chern-Simons theories with hypothetical two-fold refined topological string theories.
description: LaTex, 8 pages
Vehicle Occurrence-based Parking Space Detection
Creators: name: de Almeida, Paulo R. Lisboa
name: Alves, Jeovane Honório
name: Oliveira, Luiz S.
name: Hochuli, Andre Gustavo
name: Fröhlich, João V.
name: Krauel, Rodrigo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Smart-parking solutions use sensors, cameras, and data analysis to improve parking efficiency and reduce traffic congestion. Computer vision-based methods have been used extensively in recent years to tackle the problem of parking lot management, but most of the works assume that the parking spots are manually labeled, impacting the cost and feasibility of deployment. To fill this gap, this work presents an automatic parking space detection method, which receives a sequence of images of a parking lot and returns a list of coordinates identifying the detected parking spaces. The proposed method employs instance segmentation to identify cars and, using vehicle occurrence, generate a heat map of parking spaces. The results using twelve different subsets from the PKLot and CNRPark-EXT parking lot datasets show that the method achieved an AP25 score up to 95.60\% and AP50 score up to 79.90\%.
description: Accepted for presentation at the 2023 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC 2023)
LISA Constraints on an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole in the Galactic Centre
Creators: name: Strokov, Vladimir
name: Fragione, Giacomo
name: Berti, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic nuclei are potential hosts for intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), whose gravitational field can affect the motion of stars and compact objects. The absence of observable perturbations in our own Galactic Centre has resulted in a few constraints on the mass and orbit of a putative IMBH. Here, we show that the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) can further constrain these parameters if the IMBH forms a binary with a compact remnant (a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a stellar-mass black hole), as the gravitational-wave signal from the binary will exhibit Doppler-shift variations as it orbits around Sgr A$^\star$. We argue that this method is the most effective for IMBHs with masses $10^3\,M_\odot\lesssim M_{\rm IMBH}\lesssim 10^5\,M_\odot$ and distances of $0.1$ mpc to $2$ mpc with respect to the supermassive black hole, a region of the parameter space partially unconstrained by other methods. We show that in this region the Doppler shift is most likely measurable whenever the binary is detected in the LISA band, and it can help constrain the mass and orbit of a putative IMBH in the centre of our Galaxy. We also discuss possible ways for an IMBH to form a binary in the Galactic Centre, showing that gravitational-wave captures of stellar-mass black holes and neutron stars are the most efficient channel.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Galesus (Schizogalesus) bidens Nixon 1930
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae
Galesus
Galesus bidens

description: Galesus (Schizogalesus) bidens Nixon, 1930: 400, 401, 403.
Valid name
Coptera bidens (Nixon, 1930).
Summary of types
Syntype ♀, BMNH number 9.668. Syntype ♂, BMNH number 9.688b. Syntypes 4 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂.
Primary type data
Type; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / October, 1921; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1921-450; Galesus / bidens/ 1930 Nixon/ Type ♀ (syntype ♀). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / June, 1921; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1921-294; Galesus / bidens/ 1930 Nixon (syntype ♀). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / October, 1921; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1921-450; Galesus / bidens/ 1930 Nixon (syntype ♀). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / April, 1921; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1921-210; Galesus / bidens/ 1930 Nixon (syntype ♀). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / Aug. 1921; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1921-353; Galesus / bidens/ 1930 Nixon (syntype ♀). Type; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / April, 1921; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1921-210; Galesus / bidens/ 1930 Nixon/ Type ♂ (syntype ♂). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / Febr. 1922; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1922-97; Galesus / bidens/ 1930 Nixon (syntype ♂). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / 18-30.xi.1921; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1922-2; Galesus / bidens/ 1930 Nixon (syntype ♂). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / 5-31.vii.1921; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1921-315; Galesus / bidens/ 1930 Nixon (syntype ♂). Paratype; Mossel Bay/ Cape Province / 1-13. iii.1922; S.Africa/ R.E.Turner/ Brit. Mus./ 1922-129; Galesus / bidens/ 1930 Nixon (syntypes 2♂♂).
Type locality
South Africa, Western Cape Province, Mossel Bay.
Remarks
There are five females and six males agreeing with Nixon’s description and labelled by him as Galesus bidens. Of these, two are labelled as “type” and the rest as “ paratype ”; however, since neither a unique holotype or lectotype has yet been fixed, all of the type series is syntypic (Article 73.2). All the syntypes are mounted on cards and one female has an antenna mounted separately; two males are missing parts of their antennae.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on pages 86-87, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Far-infrared and sub-millimetre imaging of HD~76582's circumstellar disk
Creators: name: Marshall, J. P.
name: Booth, M.
name: Holland, W. S.
name: Matthews, B. C.
name: Greaves, J. S.
name: Zuckerman, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Debris disks, the tenuous rocky and icy remnants of planet formation, are believed to be evidence for planetary systems around other stars. The JCMT/SCUBA-2 debris disk legacy survey 'SCUBA-2 Observations of Nearby Stars' (SONS) observed 100 nearby stars, amongst them HD~76582, for evidence of such material. Here we present imaging observations by JCMT/SCUBA-2 and \textit{Herschel}/PACS at sub-millimetre and far-infrared wavelengths, respectively. We simultaneously model the ensemble of photometric and imaging data, spanning optical to sub-millimetre wavelengths, in a self-consistent manner. At far-infrared wavelengths, we find extended emission from the circumstellar disk providing a strong constraint on the dust spatial location in the outer system, although the angular resolution is too poor to constrain the interior of the system. In the sub-millimetre, photometry at 450 and 850~$μ$m reveal a steep fall-off that we interpret as a disk dominated by moderately-sized dust grains ($a_{\rm min}~=~36~μ$m), perhaps indicative of a non-steady-state collisional cascade within the disk. A disk architecture of three distinct annuli, comprising an unresolved component at $\sim$ 20 au and outer components at 80 and 270 au, along with a very steep particle size distribution ($γ~=~5$), is proposed to match the observations.
description: 12 pages, 6 tables, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Lematização versus Stemming: Resenha Acadêmica Descritiva
Creators: name: Perozo-Vasquez, Joel G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Recuperação da Informação
Stemming
Lematização
Information Retrieval

description: Trata-se de RESENHA ACADÊMICA DESCRITIVA do relatório do NILC "Lematização versus Stemming." (De Lucca; Nunes, 2002), explicando as diferenças conceituais (em diversas definições e diversas línguas) entre os termos lematização, forma canônica e stemming, sendo estes utilizados na exploração textual automatizada, para mineração de textos e recuperação da informação, entre outros.
JADE, TraSMAPI and SUMO: A tool-chain for simulating traffic light control
Creators: name: Azevedo, Tiago
name: de Araújo, Paulo J. M.
name: Rossetti, Rosaldo J. F.
name: Rocha, Ana Paula C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Increased stress, fuel consumption, air pollution, accidents and delays are some of the consequences of traffic congestion usually incurring in tremendous economic impacts, which society aims to remedy in order to leverage a sustainable development. Recently, unconventional means for modeling and controlling such complex traffic systems relying on multi-agent systems have arisen. This paper contributes to the understanding of such complex and highly dynamic systems by proposing an open-source tool-chain to implement multi-agent-based solutions in traffic and transportation. The proposed approach relies on two very popular tools in both domains, with focus on traffic light control. This tool-chain consists in combining JADE (Java Agent DEvelopment Framework), for the implementation of multi-agent systems, with SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility), for the microscopic simulation of traffic interactions. TraSMAPI (Traffic Simulation Manager Application Programming Interface) is used to combine JADE and SUMO allowing communication between them. A demonstration of the concept is presented to illustrate the main features of this tool-chain, using Q-Learning as the reinforcement learning method for each traffic light agent in a simulated network. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework as a practical means to experiment with different agent-based designs of intelligent transportation solutions.
Chain-mapping methods for relativistic light-matter interactions
Creators: name: Jonsson, Robert H.
name: Knörzer, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction between localized emitters and quantum fields, both in relativistic settings and in the case of ultra-strong couplings, requires non-perturbative methods beyond the rotating-wave approximation. In this work we employ chain-mapping methods to achieve a numerically exact treatment of the interaction between a localized emitter and a scalar quantum field. We extend the application range of these methods beyond emitter observables and apply them to study field observables. We first provide an overview of chain-mapping methods and their physical interpretation, and discuss the thermal double construction for systems coupled to thermal field states. Modelling the emitter as an Unruh-DeWitt particle detector, we then calculate the energy density emitted by a detector coupling strongly to the field. As a stimulating demonstration of the approach's potential, we calculate the radiation emitted from an accelerated detector in the Unruh effect, which is closely related to the thermal double construction as we discuss. We comment on prospects and challenges of the method.
description: 14+21 pages, 13 figures. v2: Update to published version
PHENIX Measurements of Single Electrons from Charm and Bottom Decays at Midrapidity in Au+Au Collisions
Creators: name: McGlinchey, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy quarks are an ideal probe of the quark gluon plasma created in heavy ion collisions. They are produced in the initial hard scattering and therefore experience the full evolution of the medium. PHENIX has previously measured the modification of heavy quark production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV via electrons from semileptonic decays, which indicated substantial modifications of the parent hadron momentum distribution. The PHENIX barrel silicon vertex detector (VTX), installed in 2011, allows for the separation of electrons from charm and bottom hadron decays through the use of displaced vertex measurements. These proceedings present the results of the completed analysis of the 2011 data set using the VTX.
description: Proceedings of the Quark Matter 2015 conference
A Comprehensive Review of Digital Twin Technology for Grid-Connected Microgrid Systems: State of the Art, Potential and Challenges Faced
Creators: name: Kumari, Namita
name: Sharma, Ankush
name: Tran, Binh
name: Chilamkurti, Naveen
name: Alahakoon, Damminda
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering
classificationCode: 33
subject: Built environment and design

description: The concept of the digital twin has been adopted as an important aspect in digital transformation of power systems. Although the notion of the digital twin is not new, its adoption into the energy sector has been recent and has targeted increased operational efficiency. This paper is focused on addressing an important gap in the research literature reviewing the state of the art in utilization of digital twin technology in microgrids, an important component of power systems. A microgrid is a local power network that acts as a dependable island within bigger regional and national electricity networks, providing power without interruption even when the main grid is down. Microgrids are essential components of smart cities that are both resilient and sustainable, providing smart cities the opportunity to develop sustainable energy delivery systems. Due to the complexity of design, development and maintenance of a microgrid, an efficient simulation model with ability to handle the complexity and spatio-temporal nature is important. The digital twin technologies have the potential to address the above-mentioned requirements, providing an exact virtual model of the physical entity of the power system. The paper reviews the application of digital twins in a microgrid at electrical points where the microgrid connects or disconnects from the main distribution grid, that is, points of common coupling. Furthermore, potential applications of the digital twin in microgrids for better control, security and resilient operation and challenges faced are also discussed.
Measuring cellular traction forces on non-planar substrates
Creators: name: Soine, Jerome R.
name: Hersch, Nils
name: Dreissen, Georg
name: Hampe, Nico
name: Hoffmann, Bernd
name: Merkel, Rudolf
name: Schwarz, Ulrich S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Animal cells use traction forces to sense the mechanics and geometry of their environment. Measuring these traction forces requires a workflow combining cell experiments, image processing and force reconstruction based on elasticity theory. Such procedures have been established before mainly for planar substrates, in which case one can use the Green's function formalism. Here we introduce a worksflow to measure traction forces of cardiac myofibroblasts on non-planar elastic substrates. Soft elastic substrates with a wave-like topology were micromolded from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and fluorescent marker beads were distributed homogeneously in the substrate. Using feature vector based tracking of these marker beads, we first constructed a hexahedral mesh for the substrate. We then solved the direct elastic boundary volume problem on this mesh using the finite element method (FEM). Using data simulations, we show that the traction forces can be reconstructed from the substrate deformations by solving the corresponding inverse problem with a L1-norm for the residue and a L2-norm for 0th order Tikhonov regularization. Applying this procedure to the experimental data, we find that cardiac myofibroblast cells tend to align both their shapes and their forces with the long axis of the deformable wavy substrate.
description: 34 pages, 9 figures
Effective Medium Theory for Mechanical Phase Transitions of Fiber Networks
Creators: name: Chen, Sihan
name: Markovich, Tomer
name: MacKintosh, Fred C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Networks of stiff fibers govern the elasticity of biological structures such as the extracellular matrix of collagen. These networks are known to stiffen nonlinearly under shear or extensional strain. Recently, it has been shown that such stiffening is governed by a strain-controlled athermal but critical phase transition, from a floppy phase below the critical strain to a rigid phase above the critical strain. While this phase transition has been extensively studied numerically and experimentally, a complete analytical theory for this transition remains elusive. Here, we present an effective medium theory (EMT) for this mechanical phase transition of fiber networks. We extend a previous EMT appropriate for linear elasticity to incorporate nonlinear effects via an anharmonic Hamiltonian. The mean-field predictions of this theory, including the critical exponents, scaling relations and non-affine fluctuations qualitatively agree with previous experimental and numerical results.
Probing the origin of 750 GeV diphoton excess with the precision measurements at the ILC
Creators: name: Bae, Kyu Jung
name: Hamaguchi, Koichi
name: Moroi, Takeo
name: Yanagi, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently reported diphoton excess at the LHC may imply the existence of a new resonance with a mass of about 750 GeV which couples to photons via loops of new charged particles. In this letter, we study the possibility to test such models at the ILC, paying attention to the new charged particles responsible for the diphoton decay of the resonance. We show that they affect the scattering processes $e^+e^- \to f\bar{f}$ (with $f$ denoting Standard Model fermions) at the ILC, which makes it possible to indirectly probe the new charged particles even if they are out of the kinematical reach. We also show that the discriminations of the diphoton models may be possible based on a study of the angular distributions of $f\bar{f}$.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Systems-Disconjugacy of a Fourth-Order Differential Equation with a Middle Term
Creators: name: Amara, Jamel Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.2.2; I.2.7
subject: 47E05, 34B05, 34C10 (Primary)

description: Systems-conjugate points have been introduced and studied by John Barrett \cite{barr} in relation with the self-adjoint fourth order differential equation $$(r(x)y")"-(q(x)y')'= p(x)y,$$ where $r(x)>0$, $p(x)>0$ and $q\equiv0$. In this paper we extend some of his results to more general cases, when $q(x)$ is free of any sign restrictions.
description: 13 pages, 0 figures
Bosonic Weyl excitations induced by $p$-orbital interactions in a cubic optical lattice
Creators: name: Luo, Guang-Quan
name: Huang, Guan-Hua
name: Xu, Zhi-Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weyl points exist in a fascinating topological state of matter with linear band crossings analogous to magnetic monopoles. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to investigate fermionic topological matters with Weyl points in the single-particle band dispersion. It remains elusive for realizing interaction-induced Weyl points, especially for bosons. Motivated by recent experimental progress in ultracold atoms, we propose a scheme to create Weyl points for Bogoliubov excitations of a bosonic superfluid in a three-dimensional cubic optical lattice. The unique design of the lattice leads to interaction-induced time-reversal symmetry breaking for a $p$-orbital superfluid, which in turn induces Weyl Bogoliubov excitations. Analogous to Weyl semimetals of electronic systems, the superfluid also support topologically protected edge modes due to the bulk-boundary correspondence.
From quantum gravity to gravitational waves through cosmic strings
Creators: name: Eichhorn, Astrid
name: Santos, Rafael R. Lino dos
name: Miqueleto, João Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New physics beyond the Standard Model can give rise to stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds, for example through cosmic strings. In this way, gravitational-wave searches with pulsar-timing arrays as well as existing and future laser interferometers may provide information on particle physics beyond the Standard Model. Here, we take one additional step and link particle physics beyond the Standard Model to quantum gravity. We investigate whether particle physics models that may give rise to cosmic strings can be embedded into an asymptotically safe theory of quantum gravity and matter. We focus on models where cosmic strings arise from U(1)-symmetry-breaking in an extended Yukawa-Abelian-Higgs sector that may be part of a dark sector. We find a negative answer for the simplest model that can give rise to cosmic strings and also find constraints on an extended model. We tentatively conclude that cosmic strings are difficult to accommodate in asymptotically safe models. This fits well with the latest 15-year dataset and search for new physics from the NANOGrav collaboration, which disfavors a stable-cosmic-string interpretation. In that sense, the recent data provide an indirect, albeit at present rather tentative, hint about the quantum theory of gravity.
description: 14 pages + Appendixes. It matches the published version
Gyrokinetic simulations of neoclassical electron transport and bootstrap current generation in tokamak plasmas in the TRIMEG code
Creators: name: Rekhviashvili, Lana
name: Lu, Zhixin
name: Hoelzl, Matthias
name: Bergmann, Andreas
name: Lauber, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For magnetic confinement fusion in tokamak plasmas, some of the limitations to the particle and energy confinement times are caused by turbulence and collisions between particles in toroidal geometry, which determine the "anomalous" and the neoclassical transport, respectively. In this work, we focus on the implementation of neoclassical physics in the gyrokinetic code TRIMEG, which is a TRIangular MEsh-based Gyrokinetic code that can handle both the closed and open field line geometries of a divertor tokamak. We report on the implementation of a simplified Lorentz collision operator in TRIMEG. Since the code uses an unstructured mesh, a procedure for calculating the flux surface averages of particle and energy fluxes and the bootstrap current is derived without relying on the poloidal coordinate, which is useful also for other simulations in unstructured meshes. With the newly implemented collision operator, we study electron transport and bootstrap current generation for various simplified and realistic geometries. In comparison to neoclassical theory, good agreement is obtained for the large aspect ratio case regarding the particle and energy fluxes as well as the bootstrap current. However, some discrepancies are observed at moderate aspect ratio and for a case with the realistic geometry of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. These deviations can be explained by different treatments and approximations in theory and simulation. In this paper, we demonstrate the capability to calculate the electron transport and bootstrap current generation in TRIMEG, which will allow for the self-consistent inclusion of neoclassical effects in gyrokinetic simulations in the future.
Accelerated binary black holes in globular clusters: forecasts and detectability in the era of space-based gravitational-wave detectors
Creators: name: Tiwari, Avinash
name: Vijaykumar, Aditya
name: Kapadia, Shasvath J.
name: Fragione, Giacomo
name: Chatterjee, Sourav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motion of the center of mass of a coalescing binary black hole (BBH) in a gravitational potential imprints a line-of-sight acceleration (LOSA) onto the emitted gravitational wave (GW) signal. The acceleration could be sufficiently large in dense stellar environments, such as globular clusters (GCs), to be detectable with next-generation space-based detectors. In this work, we use outputs of the \textsc{cluster monte carlo (cmc)} simulations of dense star clusters to forecast the distribution of detectable LOSAs in DECIGO and LISA eras. We study the effect of cluster properties -- metallicity, virial and galactocentric radii -- on the distribution of detectable accelerations, account for cosmologically-motivated distributions of cluster formation times, masses, and metallicities, and also incorporate the delay time between the formation of BBHs and their merger in our analysis. We find that larger metallicities provide a larger fraction of detectable accelerations by virtue of a greater abundance of relatively lighter BBHs, which allow a higher number of GW cycles in the detectable frequency band. Conversely, smaller metallicities result in fewer detections, most of which come from relatively more massive BBHs with fewer cycles but larger LOSAs. We similarly find correlations between the virial radii of the clusters and the fractions of detectable accelerations. Our work, therefore, provides an important science case for space-based GW detectors in the context of probing GC properties via the detection of LOSAs of merging BBHs.
Nonminimally-coupled warm Higgs inflation: Metric vs. Palatini Formulations
Creators: name: Eadkhong, Thammarong
name: Dam-O, Punsiri
name: Channuie, Phongpichit
name: Momeni, Davood
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the non-minimally-coupled Higgs model in the context of warm inflation scenario on both metric and Palatini approaches. We particularly consider a dissipation parameter of the form $Γ=C_{T}T$ with $C_{T}$ being a coupling parameter and focus only on the strong regime of the interaction between inflaton and radiation fluid. We compute all relevant cosmological parameters and constrain the models using the observational Planck 2018 data. We discover that the $n_s$ and $r$ values are consistent with the observational bounds. Having used the observational data, we constrain a relation between $ξ$ and $λ$ for the non-minimally-coupled warm Higgs inflation in both metric and Palatini cases. To produce $n_s$ and $r$ in agreement with observation, we find that their values are two orders of magnitude higher than those of the usual (cold) non-minimally-coupled Higgs inflation.
description: v2: 18 pages, many figures. version accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics Section B. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1812.03107, arXiv:2110.03925 by other authors
Drift surface solver for runaway electron current dominant equilibria during the Current Quench
Creators: name: Yuan, Lu
name: Hu, Di
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Runaway electron current generated during the Current Quench phase of tokamak disruptions could result in severe damage to future high performance devices. To control and mitigate such runaway electron current, it is important to accurately describe the runaway electron current dominated equilibrium, based on which further stability analysis could be carried out. In this paper, we derive a Grad-Shafranov-like equation solving for the axisymmetric drift surfaces of the runaway electrons for the simple case that all runaway electron share the same parallel momentum. This new equilibrium equation is then numerically solved with simple rectangular wall with ITER-like and MAST-like geometry parameters. The deviation between the drift surfaces and the flux surfaces is readily obtained, and runaway electrons is found to be well confined even in regions with open field lines. The change of the runaway electron parallel momentum is found to result in a horizontal current center displacement without any changes in the total current or the external field. The runaway current density profile is found to affect the susceptibility of such displacement, with flatter profiles result in more displacement by the same momentum change. With up-down asymmetry in the external poloidal field, such displacement is accompanied by a vertical displacement of runaway electron current. It is found that this effect is more pronounced in smaller, compact device and weaker poloidal field cases. The above results demonstrate the dynamics of current center displacement caused by the momentum space change in the runaway electrons, and pave way for future, more sophisticated runaway current equilibrium theory with more realistic consideration on the runaway electron momentum distribution. This new equilibrium theory also provides foundation for future stability analysis of the runaway electron current.
Junction conditions in bi-scalar Poincaré Gauge gravity
Creators: name: Casado-Turrión, Adrián
name: de la Cruz-Dombriz, Álvaro
name: Jiménez-Cano, Alejandro
name: Torralba, Francisco José Maldonado
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the junction conditions of the ghost-free subclass of quadratic Poincaré Gauge gravity, which propagates one scalar and one pseudo-scalar. For this purpose, we revisit the theory of distributions and junction conditions in gravity, giving a novel insight to the subject by introducing a convenient notation to deal with regular and singular parts. Then, we apply this formalism to bi-scalar Poincaré Gauge gravity and study some paradigmatic cases. We compare our results with the existing literature and the well-known predictions of General Relativity. We find that monopole spin densities are admissible, whereas both thin shells and double layers are allowed for the energy-momentum. Such layers can be avoided by setting appropriate continuity conditions on the dynamic fields of the theory, as well as on the Ricci scalar of the full connection and the Holst pseudo-scalar.
description: 31 pages, 3 tables, no figures
VARAHA: A Fast Non-Markovian sampler for estimating Gravitational-Wave posteriors
Creators: name: Tiwari, Vaibhav
name: Hoy, Charlie
name: Fairhurst, Stephen
name: MacLeod, Duncan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article introduces VARAHA, an open-source, fast, non-Markovian sampler for estimating gravitational-wave posteriors. VARAHA differs from existing Nested sampling algorithms by gradually discarding regions of low likelihood, rather than gradually sampling regions of high likelihood. This alternative mindset enables VARAHA to freely draw samples from anywhere within the high-likelihood region of the parameter space, allowing for analyses to complete in significantly fewer cycles. This means that VARAHA can significantly reduce both the wall and CPU time of all analyses. VARAHA offers many benefits, particularly for gravitational-wave astronomy where Bayesian inference can take many days, if not weeks, to complete. For instance, VARAHA can be used to estimate accurate sky locations, astrophysical probabilities and source classifications within minutes, which is particularly useful for multi-messenger follow-up of binary neutron star observations; VARAHA localises GW170817 $\sim 30$ times faster than LALInference. Although only aligned-spin, dominant multipole waveform models can be used for gravitational-wave analyses, it is trivial to extend this algorithm to include additional physics without hindering performance. We envision VARAHA being used for gravitational-wave studies, particularly estimating parameters using expensive waveform models, analysing subthreshold gravitational-wave candidates, generating simulated data for population studies, and rapid posterior estimation for binary neutron star mergers.
Performance metrics for the continuous distribution of entanglement in multi-user quantum networks
Creators: name: Iñesta, Álvaro G.
name: Wehner, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Entangled states shared among distant nodes are frequently used in quantum network applications. When quantum resources are abundant, entangled states can be continuously distributed across the network, allowing nodes to consume them whenever necessary. This continuous distribution of entanglement enables quantum network applications to operate continuously while being regularly supplied with entangled states. Here, we focus on the steady-state performance analysis of protocols for continuous distribution of entanglement. We propose the virtual neighborhood size and the virtual node degree as performance metrics. We utilize the concept of Pareto optimality to formulate a multi-objective optimization problem to maximize the performance. As an example, we solve the problem for a quantum network with a tree topology. One of the main conclusions from our analysis is that the entanglement consumption rate has a greater impact on the protocol performance than the fidelity requirements. The metrics that we establish in this manuscript can be utilized to assess the feasibility of entanglement distribution protocols for large-scale quantum networks.
description: 9 pages with 7 figures (main text); 13 pages appendix with 7 figures. v2: minor improvements to readability, corrected typos
Distilling Missing Modality Knowledge from Ultrasound for Endometriosis Diagnosis with Magnetic Resonance Images
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuan
name: Wang, Hu
name: Butler, David
name: To, Minh-Son
name: Avery, Jodie
name: Hull, M Louise
name: Carneiro, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disorder that has many characteristics, including the pouch of Douglas (POD) obliteration, which can be diagnosed using Transvaginal gynecological ultrasound (TVUS) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). TVUS and MRI are complementary non-invasive endometriosis diagnosis imaging techniques, but patients are usually not scanned using both modalities and, it is generally more challenging to detect POD obliteration from MRI than TVUS. To mitigate this classification imbalance, we propose in this paper a knowledge distillation training algorithm to improve the POD obliteration detection from MRI by leveraging the detection results from unpaired TVUS data. More specifically, our algorithm pre-trains a teacher model to detect POD obliteration from TVUS data, and it also pre-trains a student model with 3D masked auto-encoder using a large amount of unlabelled pelvic 3D MRI volumes. Next, we distill the knowledge from the teacher TVUS POD obliteration detector to train the student MRI model by minimizing a regression loss that approximates the output of the student to the teacher using unpaired TVUS and MRI data. Experimental results on our endometriosis dataset containing TVUS and MRI data demonstrate the effectiveness of our method to improve the POD detection accuracy from MRI.
description: This paper is accepted by 2023 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging(ISBI 2023)
Coordination of metal center biogenesis in human cytochrome c oxidase
Creators: name: Nývltová, Eva
name: Johnathan V., Dietz
name: Seravalli, Javier
name: Khalimonchuk, Oleh
name: Barrientos, Antonio
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified

description: Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) or respiratory chain complex IV is a heme aa3-copper oxygen reductase containing metal centers essential for holo-complex biogenesis and enzymatic function that are assembled by subunit-specific metallochaperones. The enzyme has two copper sites located in the catalytic core subunits. The COX1 subunit harbors the CuB site that tightly associates with heme a3 while the COX2 subunit contains the binuclear CuA site. Here, we report that in human cells the CcO copper chaperones form macromolecular assemblies and cooperate with several twin CX9C proteins to control heme a biosynthesis and coordinate copper transfer sequentially to the CuA and CuB sites. These data on CcO illustrate a mechanism that regulates the biogenesis of macromolecular enzymatic assemblies with several catalytic metal redox centers and prevents the accumulation of cytotoxic reactive assembly intermediates.
Force-dependent switch in protein unfolding pathways and transition state movements
Creators: name: Zhuravlev, Pavel I.
name: Hinczewski, Michael
name: Chakrabarti, Shaon
name: Marqusee, Susan
name: Thirumalai, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Although known that single domain proteins fold and unfold by parallel pathways, demonstration of this expectation has been difficult to establish in experiments. Unfolding rate, $k_\mathrm{u}(f)$, as a function of force $f$, obtained in single molecule pulling experiments on src SH3 domain, exhibits upward curvature on a $\log k_\mathrm{u}(f)$ plot. Similar observations were reported for other proteins for the unfolding rate $k_\mathrm{u}([C])$. These findings imply unfolding in these single domain proteins involves a switch in the pathway as $f$ or $[C]$ is increased from a low to a high value. We provide a unified theory demonstrating that if $\log k_\mathrm{u}$ as a function of a perturbation ($f$ or $[C]$) exhibits upward curvature then the underlying energy landscape must be strongly multidimensional. Using molecular simulations we provide a structural basis for the switch in the pathways and dramatic shifts in the transition state ensemble (TSE) in src SH3 domain as $f$ is increased. We show that a single point mutation shifts the upward curvature in $\log k_\mathrm{u}(f)$ to a lower force, thus establishing the malleability of the underlying folding landscape. Our theory, applicable to any perturbation that affects the free energy of the protein linearly, readily explains movement in the TSE in a $β$-sandwich (I27) protein and single chain monellin as the denaturant concentration is varied. We predict that in the force range accessible in laser optical tweezer experiments there should be a switch in the unfolding pathways in I27 or its mutants.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
On distances, paths and connections for hyperspectral image segmentation
Creators: name: Noyel, Guillaume
name: Angulo, Jesus
name: Jeulin, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The present paper introduces the $η$ and η connections in order to add regional information on $λ$-flat zones, which only take into account a local information. A top-down approach is considered. First $λ$-flat zones are built in a way leading to a sub-segmentation. Then a finer segmentation is obtained by computing $η$-bounded regions and $μ$-geodesic balls inside the $λ$-flat zones. The proposed algorithms for the construction of new partitions are based on queues with an ordered selection of seeds using the cumulative distance. $η$-bounded regions offers a control on the variations of amplitude in the class from a point, called center, and $μ$-geodesic balls controls the "size" of the class. These results are applied to hyperspectral images.
Constraints on cosmologically coupled black holes from gravitational wave observations and minimal formation mass
Creators: name: Amendola, Luca
name: Rodrigues, Davi C.
name: Kumar, Sumit
name: Quartin, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test the possibility that the black holes (BHs) detected by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) may be cosmologically coupled and grow in mass proportionally to the cosmological scale factor to some power $k$, which may also act as the dark energy source if $k\approx 3$. This approach was proposed as an extension of Kerr BHs embedded in cosmological backgrounds and possibly without singularities or horizons. In our analysis, we develop and apply two methods to test these cosmologically coupled BHs (CCBHs) either with or without connection to dark energy. We consider different scenarios for the time between the binary BH formation and its merger, and we find that the standard log-uniform distribution yields weaker constraints than the CCBH-corrected case. Assuming that the minimum mass of a BH with stellar progenitor is $2M_\odot$, we estimate the probability that at least one BH among the observed ones had an initial mass below this threshold. We obtain these probabilities either directly from the observed data or by assuming the LVK power-law-plus-peak mass distribution. In the latter case we find, at $2σ$ level, that $k < 2.1$ for the standard log-uniform distribution, or $k < 1.1$ for the CCBH-corrected distribution. Slightly weaker bounds are obtained in the direct method. Considering the uncertainties on the nature of CCBHs, we also find that the required minimum CCBH mass value to eliminate the tensions for $k=3$ should be lower than 0.5 $M_\odot$ (again at 2$σ$). Finally, we show that future observations have the potential to decisively confirm these bounds.
description: MNRAS accepted. 14 pages, 16 figures. v2: Added Section 6 and Appendices A and B. Related codes in https://github.com/itpamendola/ccbh-direct and https://github.com/davi-rodrigues/CCBH-Numerics
AZTR: Aerial Video Action Recognition with Auto Zoom and Temporal Reasoning
Creators: name: Wang, Xijun
name: Xian, Ruiqi
name: Guan, Tianrui
name: de Melo, Celso M.
name: Nogar, Stephen M.
name: Bera, Aniket
name: Manocha, Dinesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel approach for aerial video action recognition. Our method is designed for videos captured using UAVs and can run on edge or mobile devices. We present a learning-based approach that uses customized auto zoom to automatically identify the human target and scale it appropriately. This makes it easier to extract the key features and reduces the computational overhead. We also present an efficient temporal reasoning algorithm to capture the action information along the spatial and temporal domains within a controllable computational cost. Our approach has been implemented and evaluated both on the desktop with high-end GPUs and on the low power Robotics RB5 Platform for robots and drones. In practice, we achieve 6.1-7.4% improvement over SOTA in Top-1 accuracy on the RoCoG-v2 dataset, 8.3-10.4% improvement on the UAV-Human dataset and 3.2% improvement on the Drone Action dataset.
description: Accepted for publication at ICRA 2023