cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-throughput Screen to Discover Secreted Activators of Microbial Metabolites
Creators: name: Gerber, Bryan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Soil bacteria live in complex communities that include bacteria, fungi, and plants, collectivelyreferred to as the soil microbiome. Bacterial survival and behavior depend on the localmicroenvironments of each cell within the microbiome. For example, neighboring cells of twodifferent bacterial species can communicate via the production and sensing of secretedcompounds. Many such interactions are poorly understood. Here, I explored the molecularidentity of secreted bacterial signaling compounds that elicit changes in secreted metaboliteproduction. I first constructed luminescent transcriptional reporters for the production of severalcharacterized secreted compounds, using Bacillus subtilis as a model organism. A liquid-based,96-well-plate format was used to test the response of these reporters to a large collection ofcell-free conditioned media generated from monocultures of environmental bacteria. Eachluminescent reporter had different expression kinetics, which led to challenges when choosing acontrol for comparative purposes. After assay optimization and hit identification, conditionedmedia that elicited metabolite production will be fractionated to isolate and identify thecompound(s) responsible. This work thus establishes an approach to study the roles of keymetabolites with potential signaling roles within microbial communities. Understanding thesecomplex interactions has implications not only for the soil microbiome, and thus agriculture, butalso for the microbiomes of the intestine and other organs crucial for human health.
Emerging powers in the new global order : IBSA and R2P
Creators: name: Hak, Andrea Raquel Andrea Raquel
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: foreign relations
Brazil
India
South Africa
human rights
international cooperation
responsibility to protect

description: Second semester University: University of Southern Denmark.
description: This thesis aims to assess the potential impact of the IBSA group on the Responsibility to Protect. The bloc made up of India, Brazil and South Africa represent a new force of emerging economies. The world is currently witnessing a shift in global power and influence towards the emerging south. India, Brazil, and South Africa in particular have grown to become influential powers within their respective regions. Their shared frustration at having been previously left out of important international decision-making bodies, despite their growing prominence, has led them to challenge the international institutions and submit themselves as leaders in the new global order. The opportunity to prove their shared competence as international powers came in 2011 when all three were elected to the Security Council. In the midst of the Arab Spring the main issue concerning the international community was the implementation of R2P. R2P is a new concept created in 2001 to address the ‘intervention dilemma’ faced during the 1990s. It argues that sovereignty is based on a state’s responsibility to protect its citizens from grave human rights violations. In the event that it is unable or unwilling to do so, it is the responsibility of the international community to protect the people under its administration. Though the concept has been described as an emerging norm, it has been met with reluctance by many states which have been sceptical of its potential for misuse. The Libyan conflict in 2011 clearly demonstrated this divide as R2P supporters hailed its application as a success, while sceptics argued it was used for the sole purpose of regime change. R2P is now facing a legitimacy crisis within the international community. For the concept to become excepted as an international norm it needs clear guidelines and leaders whose endorsement will restore its credibility . Though many critics still view them as staunch defenders of territorial sovereignty, since their emergence as regional powers IBSA have accommodated their stance on R2P. As three democratic emerging powers with increasing influence on the developing world, these countries represent a crossroads between north and south, and east and west. Though often overlooked in favor of established powers, with their regional and international experience, the position of these emerging influential actors on conflict resolution is an important aspect to be analyzed if we are to better understand the future of the R2P debate.
Social Work in Public Defense Study
Creators: name: Faith-Slaker, April
name: Greiner, D.
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: A randomized control trial will be conducted in seven (7) counties in Tennessee to study the effectiveness of having social workers employed public defender offices. The study will also assess the effectiveness of human triage decision making. The researchers will measure various outcomes, including conviction and sentencing, probation violations, and recidivism.
An Application of R on Analyzing Meta-Analysis for Research: Health Science Context
Creators: name: Gamon Savatsomboon
Publisher: name: Faculty of Informatics, Mahasarakham University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Meta analysis
PICO
PRISM
R programming
meta package
dmetar package

description: Journal of Applied Informatics and Technology, 5, 2, 195-214
Spin superfluidity and long-range transport in thin-film ferromagnets
Creators: name: Skarsvåg, Hans
name: Holmqvist, Cecilia
name: Brataas, Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In ferromagnets, magnons may condense into a single quantum state. Analogous to superconductors, this quantum state may support transport without dissipation. Recent works suggest that longitudinal spin transport through a thin-film ferromagnet is an example of spin superfluidity. Although intriguing, this tantalizing picture ignores long-range dipole interactions; we demonstrate that such interactions dramatically affect spin transport. In single-film ferromagnets, "spin superfluidity" only exists at length scales (a few hundred nanometers in yttrium iron garnet) somewhat larger than the exchange length. Over longer distances, dipolar interactions destroy spin superfluidity. Nevertheless, we predict re-emergence of spin superfluidity in tri-layer ferromagnet--normal metal--ferromagnet films of $\sim 1\, μ$m in size. Such systems also exhibit other types of long-range spin transport in samples several micrometers in size.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The impact of health warning labels on alcohol selection: two online experimental studies
Creators: name: Clarke, Natasha
name: Pechey, Emily
name: Blackwell, Anna
name: Mantzari, Eleni
name: De-loyde, Katie
name: Morris, Richard
name: Fletcher, Paul
name: Munafo, Marcus
name: Hollands, Gareth
name: Marteau, Theresa
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Alcohol
subject: Behaviour Change by Design
subject: Choice architecture
subject: Graphic warnings
subject: Health warning labels

description: Two online studies to investigate the impact of health warning labels on selection of alcohol
Human rights, tobacco advertising and paternalism
Creators: name: Menezes, Diogo Pereira De
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: health
tobacco

description: Second semester University: University of Coimbra
description: The research approaches the human rights implications in relation to tobacco advertising concerning a paternalistic behaviour of the State as a measure to deal with the public health policies and to enforce the tobacco control, mainly, with regard to tobacco control. In this thesis which has the discussion of the correlation among human rights concerning the violations of the right to health and right to an adequate information, and consumer rights concerning the practices of advertising. In the analysis will be used the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and regional documents around the world that the subject is concerned to tobacco control to understand the system of each region in relation to the matter.
Pimenta samanensis B. Peguero 2018, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Vasconcelos, Thais N. C.
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Peguero, Brigido
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Myrtales
Myrtaceae
Pimenta
Pimenta samanensis

description: 2. Pimenta samanensis (Alain) B. Peguero, comb. nov.
 Basionym:—: Eugenia samanensis Alain, Phytologia 61: 359 (1986).
description: Published as part of Vasconcelos, Thais N. C., Lucas, Eve J. & Peguero, Brigido, 2018, One new species, two new combinations and taxonomic notes on the All-spice genus Pimenta (Myrtaceae) from Hispaniola, pp. 32-40 in Phytotaxa 348 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.348.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/13707773
Bloodlines, Ball Gowns, Trashed in the Hotel Room: Hegemonic Processes of Debutantes as Southern Social Royalty
Creators: name: Ormond, Anna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: As a student of sociology, I have found debutante balls a worthy area of study, for both academic and personal reasons. Indeed, the social phenomenon of debutante balls should be of particular interest to sociologists, as the events—which, in reality, are not comprised of just a single ball, but a multiple months-long process—are opportune sites of studying the intersections of race, class, gender, region, and family. Certainly the North Carolina debutante ball may be seen as a microcosm of all these things, as, more often than not, all participating families are white; the fee for merely accepting an invitation is nearly $3,000; strictly nineteen year-old women are presented strictly by men (usually a father) to society, with the traditional rhetoric of being available for marriage; the ball is region-specific (only families currently living in North Carolina may be invited); and women can participate by invite only, which is based, in large part, on family legacy (if their family has prominent historical ties to North Carolina and to the tradition of the debutante ball.) Considering these intersections, my research lends the argument that two of the primary functions of the social process are to maintain ties between prominent social figures in the state and to pass social status—and, consequentially, opportunity for gaining material wealth—onto succeeding generations. Therefore, the Terpsichorean debutante ball is not only a rite of passage that marks the coming-of-age for a certain group of young women: it is also a cultural site of reproducing wealth, status, and social elitism in North Carolina, which, as I will expand on in my discussion of the data, has implications not only for the small circle of debutante families, but for the overarching economic and social organization of North Carolina as a whole.
Reforming the Dublin system: EU inter-state solidarity in the allocation of asylum seekers
Creators: name: Witt, Marnix : De
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: asylum seekers
European Union countries
Court of Justice of the European Union
European Court of Human Rights
solidarity

description: Second semester University: Uppsala University
description: This thesis discusses how the principle of inter-state solidarity and the commitment to the protection of human rights could inform a reform of the Dublin system and the distribution of asylum seekers within the European Union. The first part studies the relationship between the different Member States within the EU by assessing the Dublin Regulation, the principle of solidarity and the idea of freedom of movement. The second part examines the relationship between asylum seekers and the EU and its Member States by looking at the normative concerns about human rights and at the minimal standards or principles with which every EU country should comply. The thesis then questions the precise implications of the recent rulings by the ECtHR and the ECJ on the rights of asylum seekers and their re-allocation. It will be argued that, despite the re-interpretation of the Dublin regulation in the case-law, and despite the EU’s rhetoric of ‘solidarity’, the system still endangers basic fundamental rights of asylum seekers and does not prevent Member States acting in their own interest. Recent reports show the continuing malfunctioning of the Dublin system, and therefore this thesis will propose a normative rights-based approach to the reform of the Dublin system.
The Ukrainian puzzle : pieces of the international community and a human security based approach
Creators: name: Gibson, Karla Mae
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: conflict
Ukraine
peace keeping
security

description: Second semester University: University of Seville.
description: This thesis will make the case that peacekeeping operations and the doctrinal agenda they require create a strategy that, although boasting a massive bearing on the lives of civilians in conflict, does not afford for peripheral obligations such as the realisation of human security.1 Due to the fact that states have a fundamental responsibility to protect people’s effective gratification of their human security, the international community has to salvage national security and take on a managing responsibility regarding the conflict environment. Proper international peacekeeping operations lead to a reinstatement of the pre-eminence of human security over that of the conflict. Peacekeeping operations can be deemed an appropriate instrument to fulfil human security basic needs. To facilitate an effective response to the intricacy of the conflict environment, it is imperative for states and intergovernmental organizations to cooperate in peacekeeping operations. The approach recommended recognises conflict as one of the causes of deprivation that leads to the detriment of human security . With the aim of identifying the responsibilities of the international community that a modern conflict might require, this thesis contends an alternative peacekeeping theory, ‘a human security based approach to peacekeeping’. The practicability of a human security based approach will be illustrated by concisely applying it to the current humanitarian and security crisis in Ukraine, and challenges inter alia the role of the United Nations, the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1 It is of critical importance to emphasize that the term ‘human security’ as understood in the context of this thesis is considered in the scope of reducing the human costs of indirect and/or direct violence, as put forth by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in their ‘Human Development Report’. It is generally considered the ‘most authoritative’ definition of the concept.
Temperature Dependent Increase in Cross Over Frequency in Arabidopsis thaliana
Creators: name: Lewis, Scott
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: In this study, the model plant A. thaliana will be used to further investigate the molecular nature of the temperature-dependent crossover increase. One of the benefits of working with Arabidopsis is that we can assay COs directly in pollen grains, which are produced in large quantities. The Arabidopsis quartet1-2 (qrt1-2) mutation retains the four products of each meiosis in a group of four pollen grains (a tetrad). The Copenhaver laboratory has generated a collection of plants that express fluorescent marker proteins in the pollen using the qrt1-2-/- genetic background. The lines containing both the fluorescent transgenes in the qrt1-2-/- genetic are called Fluorescent Tagged Lines (FTLs). The FTLs utilized in this project are heterozygous for pairs of fluorescent transgenes, AmCyan and dsRed2, that define genetic intervals on chromosome 1 or 3. Tracking the expression patterns of these fluorescent markers in pollen tetrads reveals how the loci that encode them are segregating and how often recombination occurs between them.
The broad goal of this research is to determine how CO frequency is regulated by external cues – in this case to temperature. The objective of this project is to test the hypothesis that the additional temperature-dependent COs are attributable to the Type II pathway using tetrad analysis. To test our hypothesis we will measure recombination rates in wild-type (WT), and mutant lines that eliminate either Type I or Type II crossovers in both control (20°C) and elevated (28°C) temperature conditions. For the interference-sensitive and insensitive pathway, we will use msh4 and mus81 mutant lines, respectively. MSH4 is a key ZMM protein involved in Type I crossovers, while MUS81 is an endonuclease that promotes the COs through the Type II
or interference- insensitive pathay. In humans MSH4 has been implicated in homologus pairing following initial strand invasion, formation of a pro-DHJ structure and eventual resolution via the DSBR pathway. In A. thaliana a MUS81 homolog, AtMUS81, has been identified and implicated in the resolution of the DHJs by promoting proper segregation of recombination intermediates that ultimately results in Type II COs. To test our hypothesis that the additional temperature dependent crossovers are derived from the Type II pathway, we will compare the relative frequency of COs in wild-type and mutant lines under both growth conditions.
Turning the tide : investigating the European Union’s approach to environmentally displaced people and advancing human rights based solutions
Creators: name: Della Lucia, Anna
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: climatic changes
displaced persons
environmental policy
human rights
European Union

description: Second semester University: University of Graz.
description: Among the adverse effects of climate change, the phenomenon of forced human displacement is often overlooked. Above all, this creates challenges to the recognition and protection of the human rights of those displaced. This thesis aims at investigating the approach of the European Union (EU) to environmental displacement due to climate change, with a particular focus on the recognition and protection of environmentally displaced people (EDPs). Since the EU is on the frontline to promote and finance climate policies in favour of vulnerable countries and communities, it has the potential to be a pioneer in raising awareness and concretely contributing to the protection of EDPs. In view of such crucial position, the thesis examines the EU’s institutional discourse and climate finance projects to assess how the issues of environmental displacement, EDPs protection and human rights are addressed. The analysis identifies a progressive acknowledgement of EDPs in the EU’s policy discourse, however recognising a certain lack of integration of human rights concerns. In light of this, the thesis suggests the adoption of a human rights based approach to EU’s climate action as a valid measure to comprehensively understand, address and advance solutions for the protection of EDPs and their human rights.
Spin-dependent transport properties of a GaMnAs-based vertical spin metal-oxide- semiconductor field-effect transistor structure
Creators: name: Kanaki, Toshiki
name: Asahara, Hirokatsu
name: Ohya, Shinobu
name: Tanaka, Masaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We fabricate a vertical spin metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (spin-MOSFET) structure, which is composed of an epitaxial single-crystal heterostructure with a ferromagnetic-semiconductor GaMnAs source/drain, and investigate its spin-dependent transport properties. We modulate the drain-source current IDS by ~+ or -0.5 % with a gate-source voltage of + or -10.8 V and also modulate IDS by up to 60 % with changing the magnetization configuration of the GaMnAs source/drain at 3.5 K. The magnetoresistance ratio is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that obtained in the previous studies on spin MOSFETs. Our result shows that a vertical structure is one of the hopeful candidates for spin MOSFET when the device size is reduced to a sub-micron or nanometer scale.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Evaluating the Role of RTEL in Synthesis-Dependent Strand Annealing in D. melanogaster
Creators: name: Rota, Christopher Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) is a DNA repair pathway responsible for the generation of a significant fraction of non-crossover outcomes during homologous recombination. Based on previous studies, Blm, the Bloom’s syndrome helicase gene, is thought to be a critical promoter of SDSA in Drosophila. The purpose of my research is to evaluate a candidate gene called rtel, the Drosophila ortholog of human RTEL1, which is hypothesized to play a significant role in SDSA repair based on research in other model organisms, although less significant than that of Blm. My study utilizes a novel genetic construct to measure levels of SDSA repair occurring in mitotic cells in the brains of Blm and rtel mutant larvae through changes in cellular fluorescence. Successful SDSA repair of double-strand breaks in the construct results in a visible change in cell color from red to green. I found an extremely significant (P<0.0001) decrease in SDSA repair frequency when comparing wild type larval brains to Blm or rtel mutant larval brains, as well as a very significant (P=0.0031) increase in SDSA repair frequency when comparing rtel mutants to Blm mutants. These preliminary results support the initial hypothesis that both Blm and rtel promote SDSA, and that Blm has a more critical role within the pathway than rtel. The assay has proven to be a useful in-vivo method of studying SDSA in Drosophila; future directions will include use of flow cytometry for more precise quantification and exploration of other candidate genes identified by previous studies.
The role of civil society in transitional justice in Tunisia after the adoption of transitional justice law
Creators: name: Al-Khulidi, Ali
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Tunisia
transitional justice
civil society
democratisation

description: Second semester University: University of Carthage.
description: Shortly after the revolution, Tunisia took basic steps towards the attempts of proceeding with democratic transition. One of the most transition issues it commenced tackling was Transitional Justice. It was raised and promoted by the civil society. The civil society tremendously contributed to the establishment of transitional justice. This thesis explores the effective and ineffective role of the civil society actors in all stages of transitional justice process after the adoption of the TJ law. It concentrates particularly on the period after the adoption of the law as the so far researches focus on the role of the civil society before the adoption of the law. This field study was conducted in Tunisia and absorbed comprehensive data and wide insight into transitional justice process through meeting local and international organizations, the Truth and Dignity Commission, and victims and also observing events of transitional justice such as attending live broadcast of public hearings, national consultation on reparation program, protests and other events. It analyzes the effective presence of the civil society through pressuring before the National Constituent Assembly, the TDC, and the Assembly of People’s Representatives on issues concerning transitional justice. Also, how positively it contributed to the sensitization and victims’ files collection across the country, documenting the process through publishing studies, etc. On the other hand, it gives an insight into the insignificant role of civil society on issues of transitional justice such as observing the process and the non-effective results of their efforts like filing appeals, pressuring before governmental bodies for certain issues, etc.
The Roma and healthcare in Hungary : todays challenges
Creators: name: Wellman, Eija
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2011
Subjects: health services
Hungary
Romanies

description: Second semester University: Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest
description: The purpose of the study was to investigate the Hungarian Roma population’s possibilities to access to healthcare. The study observed which kinds of problems it existed between healthcare professionals and the Roma clients and how those problems related to the accessibility of the Roma clients to the healthcare services. Also different kinds of tools and education systems that the healthcare professionals could need when working among the Roma minority were examined. The aim of the study was to produce information to help to improve the situation of the Roma minority in Hungary and in other European countries and to produce information which could be helpful to develop the education in multicultural healthcare. One part of the data was collected by thematic interviews held for two healthcare and Roma specialists working in Hungary in the capital region. Both of them had a long working experience in Hungary’s society and EU concerning the Roma clients’ situation. The other part of the data consisted of different researches, journals and reports from Hungarian healthcare-, human rights-, EU- and multicultural healthcare’s perspectives. The data was analysed by an inductive content analysis. The results of this study showed that in Hungary the Roma have equal rights to healthcare in theory, because they are Hungarian citizens as well. However the poorest Roma’s rights to equal accessibility have decreased. Discrimination and cultural differences prevented the good communication between healthcare professionals and the Roma clients. However healthcare professionals had developed cultural competence working with the Roma clients. Differences of three Roma sub groups involve more challenges for healthcare professionals. Lack of knowledge of the Roma culture is significant and that is why multicultural education with assertive line communication is needed. In following studies it would be relevant to examine which kinds of possibilities the Roma population who doesn’t belong to the official data, have to access to healthcare in Hungary. In the future Roma clients should to be interviewed as well. A new research in another European country could enable the comparison of the results of this study. It would be important to concentrate to the poorest Roma’s living conditions and thus try to help them to access quality healthcare. The findings of the research might be useful for developing the multicultural healthcare and education for healthcare professionals in EU countries. The keywords: The Roma, healthcare, human rights
«There is no tomorrow, without yesterday» : Truth Commissions, beyond dealing with the past: can they play a preventive for torture? Case study of the Chilean Truth Commissions
Creators: name: Muñoz Tord, Nathalie
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: torture
transitional justice
truth commission
Chile

description: Second semester University: University of Graz.
description: This thesis examines the linkage between torture prevention and transitional justice, more exactly, truth commissions. Even though torture is commonly prohibited by international law, its practice is still an issue states face. This thesis will argue the need to address the issue imminently after the end of the conflict or authoritarian regime. This key period, which is considered a transition to democracy, is crucial to the future practice of violations, especially torture. Truth commissions are tools of transitional justice that aim to reconcile society, and provide the means to access truth, justice and reparations to victims of human rights abuses. This research will also consider the relation between truth, justice and prevention. Much more remains to be done to challenge the impunity of states and individuals responsible for torture. The role that truth commissions play in addressing the practice of torture and its prevention in the aftermath of a conflict will thus be discussed throughout this work. This thesis will provide a two-folded analysis: 1. A theorical analysis of the linkage between prevention, and key concepts and mechanisms of transitional justice and truth commissions. 2. A focused case study of Chile and its truth commissions.
Charged scalar perturbations around a regular magnetic black hole
Creators: name: Huang, Yang
name: Liu, Dao-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study charged scalar perturbations in the background of a regular magnetic black hole. In this case, the charged scalar perturbation does not result in superradiance. By using careful time-domain analysis, we show that the charge of scalar field can change the real part of quasinormal frequency, but has little impact on the imaginary part of quasinormal frequency and the behavior of the late-time tail. Therefore, the regular magnetic black hole may be stable under the perturbations of charged scalar field at the linear level.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, substantially revised, published in Phys. Rev. D
Inter-layer synchronization in multiplex networks
Creators: name: Sevilla-Escoboza, R.
name: Sendiña-Nadal, I.
name: Leyva, I.
name: Gutiérrez, R.
name: Buldú, J. M.
name: Boccaletti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inter-layer synchronization is a distinctive process of multiplex networks whereby each node in a given layer undergoes a synchronous evolution with all its replicas in other layers, irrespective of whether or not it is synchronized with the other units of the same layer. We analytically derive the necessary conditions for the existence and stability of inter-layer synchronization, and verify numerically the analytical predictions in several cases where such a state emerges. We inspect the impact of the layer topology on the robustness of such a state against a progressive de-multiplexing of the network. Finally, we provide experimental evidence by means of multiplexes of nonlinear electronic circuits, showing the stability of the synchronized manifold despite the intrinsic noise and parameter mismatch in the experiment.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Human Rights Mainstreaming in the World Health Organization: a Comparative Study of Regional Offices
Creators: name: Seunik, Maximillian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Since 1997, WHO has faced obstacles in efforts to mainstream human rights
across the WHO Secretariat and in each of its six regional offices: Africa, the Americas,
South-East Asia, Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean and the Western Pacific. Without
centralized human rights leadership in an increasingly fragmented global health policy
landscape, regional health offices have sought individually to advance human rights in
health governance and support states in realizing a rights-based approach to health, aided
by a large degree of organizational autonomy uncommon within the UN system. The
success of these efforts is uncertain and unequal with some regional offices (e.g. the Pan-
American Health Organization) recognized for human rights leadership and others falling
to the wayside. Current scholarship on human rights and WHO revolves around the
agency’s Secretariat and criticisms of its tenuous and uncertain commitment to a human
rights-based approach. Scholars have yet to focus on the important dynamics present
within the agency’s regional health governance bodies as they negotiate human rights
landscapes largely independent of Geneva. This begs the question: To what extent has
human rights rhetoric been translated into rights-based structures, policies and programs
in each of the agency’s regional offices?
Research Questions:
1. How has each of the six WHO regional offices integrated human rights into their
structure, policies and programs?
2. What factors and processes drive and impede the implementation of human rights
mainstreaming within WHO regional offices?
Infants and young children in prison: a comparative study on the practices in France and Sweden
Creators: name: Froux, Pauline
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: juvenile detention
France
Sweden

description: Second semester University: New University of Lisbon
description: Every year, a too important number of children are confronted to prison in one way or another; not because they have been themselves convicted, but because one of both of their parents have been sentence to imprisonment. In this situation, many issues will arise, especially the question of what will happened to the child. Regularly, the younger children will follow their mothers to prison, and live their for a certain amount of time. When this is not allowed, because the child is too old for example, mother and child will be confronted to a traumatic separation. In the best cases, the child will stay with friends, relatives, or their second parent, but too often, social services will take them to foster-care. According to the international and European instruments expressing themselves on the subject, the most important concern should be the best interests of the child. Having an idea of the different practices around the world when confronted to this situation is interesting, in order to analyse how the best interests of the child would be mostly respected. But after examining the two solutions of having the child in jail or not, it seems that a third solution would be best for the child. This third way would be to develop and implement alternatives to prison for pregnant women and mothers of young children; to keep them away from prison so the child could have better chance in life and grow up in an environment has healthy as possible.
Proving Correctness of Imperative Programs by Linearizing Constrained Horn Clauses
Creators: name: De Angelis, Emanuele
name: Fioravanti, Fabio
name: Pettorossi, Alberto
name: Proietti, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a method for verifying the correctness of imperative programs which is based on the automated transformation of their specifications. Given a program prog, we consider a partial correctness specification of the form $\{φ\}$ prog $\{ψ\}$, where the assertions $φ$ and $ψ$ are predicates defined by a set Spec of possibly recursive Horn clauses with linear arithmetic (LA) constraints in their premise (also called constrained Horn clauses). The verification method consists in constructing a set PC of constrained Horn clauses whose satisfiability implies that $\{φ\}$ prog $\{ψ\}$ is valid. We highlight some limitations of state-of-the-art constrained Horn clause solving methods, here called LA-solving methods, which prove the satisfiability of the clauses by looking for linear arithmetic interpretations of the predicates. In particular, we prove that there exist some specifications that cannot be proved valid by any of those LA-solving methods. These specifications require the proof of satisfiability of a set PC of constrained Horn clauses that contain nonlinear clauses (that is, clauses with more than one atom in their premise). Then, we present a transformation, called linearization, that converts PC into a set of linear clauses (that is, clauses with at most one atom in their premise). We show that several specifications that could not be proved valid by LA-solving methods, can be proved valid after linearization. We also present a strategy for performing linearization in an automatic way and we report on some experimental results obtained by using a preliminary implementation of our method.
description: To appear in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP), Proceedings of ICLP 2015
General interest and freedom of the press in the European Court of Human Rights’ case law : a comparative study between France and the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Revel, Christelle
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: European Court of Human Rights
freedom of information
France
Great Britain

description: Second semester University: University of Latvia.
description: In matter of the Press, the use of the concept of general interest is increasing in the European Court of Human Rights case law. The emergence of new means of communication has led, first, to the advent of information in real time and, second, in a weakening of public figures’ private lives. This thesis attempts to examine the evolution of the notion and function of general interest within the ECtHR case law. In order to properly address this evolution, the ECtHR case law analysis will be employed. Linked to the idea of public good, the notion of general interest differs depending on the matter in which it is used. By the praetorian approach of the judges, the notion has been developed in the light of the current society. Initially used as a valorisation of the freedom of press, the general interest became one of determining criterion in the dispute resolution between the right to private life and freedom of press. Although its function seems undermined by the Court, in practice it seems to predominate. A case-by-case Court’s appreciation has given rise to much criticism by academics. There is a need for more clear criteria for the Court to use the notion of “debate of general interest”. To illustrate and investigate the points made above, the proposed research will examine the judicial dialogue between the ECtHR and the French and United Kingdom courts.
Denver Runaway Evaluation Pay for Success
Creators: name: Shahan, Elizabeth
name: Klopfenstein, Kristin
name: Colorado Evaluation And Action Lab
name: Clemens, Elysia
name: LeBoeuf, Whitney
name: Sheesley, Alison
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: The purpose of this study is to estimate the one- and two-year impacts of the “Rapid Response for Runaway Youth” intervention on new criminal charges and child welfare out-of-home placements. The intervention is being implemented with Pay for Success (PFS) financing. In this case, the Colorado Governor’s Office of State Budget and Planning and philanthropic partners are financing the implementation of the project.
Bulk and shear viscosities of the 2D electron liquid in a doped graphene sheet
Creators: name: Principi, Alessandro
name: Vignale, Giovanni
name: Carrega, Matteo
name: Polini, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrodynamic flow occurs in an electron liquid when the mean free path for electron-electron collisions is the shortest length scale in the problem. In this regime, transport is described by the Navier-Stokes equation, which contains two fundamental parameters, the bulk and shear viscosities. In this Article we present extensive results for these transport coefficients in the case of the two-dimensional massless Dirac fermion liquid in a doped graphene sheet. Our approach relies on microscopic calculations of the viscosities up to second order in the strength of electron-electron interactions and in the high-frequency limit, where perturbation theory is applicable. We then use simple interpolation formulae that allow to reach the low-frequency hydrodynamic regime where perturbation theory is no longer directly applicable. The key ingredient for the interpolation formulae is the "viscosity transport time" $τ_{\rm v}$, which we calculate in this Article. The transverse nature of the excitations contributing to $τ_{\rm v}$ leads to the suppression of scattering events with small momentum transfer, which are inherently longitudinal. Therefore, contrary to the quasiparticle lifetime, which goes as $-1/[T^2 \ln(T/T_{\rm F})]$, in the low temperature limit we find $τ_{\rm v} \sim 1/T^2$.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures, 5 appendices
‘Safe country of origin’ concept: illustration of amalgamation between asylum and immigration?
Creators: name: Pelletier Sulmoni, Gianna
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: asylum
European Union
migrations

description: Second semester University: Maastricht University.
description: ‘Safe country of origin” is a concept used and applied in asylum law, whether at national or European Union level. It has been recently put to the front of the stage with a call of the United Nation High Commissioner to remove Ukraine from the nationals lists of safe countries of origin, due to the demonstrations and events that took place there the last months. Close from others concepts also applied in asylum law, such as ’safe third country’ or ‘first country of asylum’, it is however considered as the most controversial of them. The ‘politicisation’ of the qualification and the low safeguards for asylum seekers from ‘safe’ countries are the main critics addressed to that notion. This thesis focuses on this concept. It aims at discussing how this concept is applied in practise, choosing to analyze in detail a national application. For different reasons explained later in the document, the country chosen is France. And yet, in the context of the progressive establishment if a Common European asylum System, the comprehension of this concept at the European Union Level must also be discussed. The main idea is to test the hypothesis according to which the concept would be used as a way of management of migration flows.
From the "exception" to the "rule" : the case of the state of emergency in France following the November Paris attacks
Creators: name: Chouzenoux, Morgane
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: criminal law
security
state of emergency
terrorism
France

description: Second semester University: University of Hamburg.
description: The year 2015 has seen France has witness its worst terrorist attacks in recent history. In order to counter terrorism on a national scale, the French President François Hollande declared a « state of emergency » which is also called « state of exception ». The state of emergency allows the French government to take « exceptional » measures such as warrantless searches and arrests that would never be allowed under ordinary circumstances. With the new law, the grounds to authorise such measures are broad since « reasons to believe » that a person is involved in a terrorist activity constitute the criteria for its implementation. Although the state of emergency was supposed to last only three months, it was extended three times until the 26th of July 2016. By focusing on the case of France, this research analyses how the French government implements and legitimises a state of emergency through, inter alia, the securitisation of the issue of terrorism which occurs through speech acts and routinised practices of professional of unease. By dissecting the new criminal law promulgated on the 3rd of June 2016, this thesis exemplifies how the « exception » becomes the « norm » and what can be the adverse effects of such a normalisation. With the threat of terrorism being a permanent threat, this thesis research advocates for the implementation of an efficient legal instrument countering terrorism while protecting basic liberties and securities on the long run.
(Mainly) axion dark matter
Creators: name: Baer, Howard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong CP problem of QCD is at heart a problem of naturalness: why is the F\tilde{F} term highly suppressed in the QCD Lagrangian when it seems necessary to explain why there are three and not four light pions? The most elegant solution posits a spontaneously broken Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry which requires the existence of the axion field a. The axion field settles to the minimum of its potential thus removing the offensive term but giving rise to the physical axion whose coherent oscillations can make up the cold dark matter. Only now are experiments such as ADMX beginning to explore QCD axion parameter space. Since a bonafide scalar particle-- the Higgs boson-- has been discovered, one might expect its mass to reside at the axion scale f_a~ 10^{11} GeV. The Higgs mass is elegantly stabilized by supersymmetry: in this case the axion is accompanied by its axino and saxion superpartners. Requiring naturalness also in the electroweak sector implies higgsino-like WIMPs so then we expect mixed axion-WIMP dark matter. Ultimately we would expect detection of both an axion and a WIMP while signals for light higgsinos may show up at LHC and must show up at ILC.
description: 6 pages plus 3 figures; transcript of plenary talk given at PPC2015 meeting, Deadwood, SD, June 29, 2015
UBVRI night sky brightness at Kottamia Astronomical Observatory
Creators: name: Aboushelib, Mohamed F.
name: Morcos, Abdelfady B.
name: Nawar, Samir
name: Shalabiea, Osama M.
name: Awad, Zainab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoelectric observations of night sky brightness (NSB) at different zenith distances and azimuths, covering all the sky, at the Egyptian Kottamia Astronomical observatory (KAO) site of coordinates ϕ = 29°55.9'N and λ = 31°49.5' E, were done using a fully automated photoelectric photometer (FAPP). The Bessel wide range system (UBVRI) is used for the first time to observe NSB for three consecutive nights (1 to 3 August, 2022) under good seeing conditions after the moon sets. The deduced results were taken in photons and converted into mag/arcsec2. The average zenith sky brightness for U, B, V, R and I filters are found to be 20.49, 20.38, 19.41, 18.60 and 17.94 mag/arcsec2 respectively. The average color indices (U-B), (B-V), (V-R) and (R-I), at the zenith are detected to be 0.11, 0.98, 0.81 and 0.66, respectively. We plotted the isophotes of the sky brightness at KAO in U, B, V, R and I colors (filters) and determined both the average atmospheric extinction and sky transparency through these UBVRI filters. The atmospheric and other meteorological conditions were taken into our consideration during the observational nights. The results of the current study illustrate the main impact of the new cities built around KAO on the sky glow over it, and which astronomical observations are affected.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, 1 supplementary doc. Published in Scientific reports online on 5 Oct. 2023
The Use of Nanodroplets in the Extraction and Fragmentation of Chromatin from Formalin-Fixed Paraffin Embedded Samples
Creators: name: Ashur, Suud
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: DNA is compacted into the cell nucleus through the formation of chromatin, which consists of DNA wound around octamers of histone proteins into nucleosomes. Chromatin that is accessible, or “open” is associated with active gene transcription, while inaccessible, or “closed” chromatin with intact nucleosomes is thought to be transcriptionally repressed. To identify sequence signatures in open chromatin, we use a technique called Formaldehyde Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements (FAIRE). Currently, FAIRE can only be performed on fresh tissues or cells. We wanted to extend our protocol to include formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) human biopsy samples since these samples are readily available in tissue banks.