cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The CoDECS project: a publicly available suite of cosmological N-body simulations for interacting dark energy models
Creators: name: Baldi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the largest set of N-body and hydrodynamical simulations to date for cosmological models featuring a direct interaction between the Dark Energy (DE) scalar field, responsible of the observed cosmic acceleration, and the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) fluid. With respect to previous works, our simulations considerably extend the statistical significance of the simulated volume and cover a wider range of different realizations of the interacting DE scenario, including the recently proposed bouncing coupled DE model. Furthermore, all the simulations are normalized in order to be consistent with the present bounds on the amplitude of density perturbations at last scattering, thereby providing the first realistic determination of the effects of a DE coupling for cosmological growth histories fully compatible with the latest Cosmic Microwave Background data. As a first basic analysis, we have studied the impact of the coupling on the nonlinear matter power spectrum and on the bias between the CDM and baryon distributions, as a function of redshift and scale. For the former, we have addressed the issue of the degeneracy between the effects of the coupling and other standard cosmological parameters, as e.g sigma_8, showing how the redshift evolution of the linear amplitude or the scale dependence of the nonlinear power spectrum might provide a way to break the degeneracy. For the latter, instead, we have computed the redshift and scale dependence of the bias in all our different models showing how a growing coupling or a bouncing coupled DE scenario provide much stronger effects with respect to constant coupling models. We refer to this vast numerical initiative as the COupled Dark Energy Cosmological Simulations project, or CoDECS, and we hereby release all the CoDECS outputs for public use through a dedicated web database, providing information on how to access and interpret the data.
description: 18 pages, 3 Tables, 8 Figures. Sections on the Halo and Subhalo Mass Functions added. Revision matches the version accepted for publication in MNRAS. Simulations publicly available at http://www.marcobaldi.it/research/CoDECS
title: Assessing Weight Stigma in Mock Jurors when Female Child Victims Testify Against Sexual Assault in Court
Creators: name: Glazer, Melissa
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: weight stigma
subject: child sexual assault
subject: mock jurors
subject: legal perceptions
subject: Education--Social Sciences
subject: Psychology--Social

description: In the psycho-legal literature, some studies have found that the body weight of female victims of sexual assault influence mock jurors’ perceptions of the victim and the testimony. The research is limited to adult victims of sexual assault and does not represent the context of the Canadian judicial system. This study investigated mock juror weight and legal-based perceptions after reviewing a vignette that was based on a legal case from the Supreme Court of Canada involving a 14-year-old female child testifying for sexual assault. A hundred and eighty-five participants acted as mock jurors and were randomly assigned to one of three artist court room sketches depicting child female victims of different body weights (underweight, average, or obese). Self- report questionnaires were completed to assess negative and positive weight-based perceptions of the child victim, general positive and negative perceptions toward the child victim, verdict decisions, and legal perceptions of the child and the accused. The current findings suggested that neither specific negative (i.e., lazy, undisciplined, self-indulgent) nor positive (i.e., friendly, outgoing, productive) weight-based perceptions or general positive (i.e., sympathy toward the complainant) or negative (i.e., anger toward the complainant) perceptions were significantly influenced by the child victim’s body weight. Nevertheless, male mock jurors indicated higher negative weight-based perceptions compared to female mock jurors. All other tested demographics of mock jurors (i.e., race, caregiver status) were not associated with weight-based perceptions. The weight of the female child victim also did not significantly influence mock jurors' legal verdict decision making. Lastly, the female child victims' body weight did not significantly influence mock jurors' legal perceptions (i.e., believability of the complainant, believability of the accused, or controllability of the complainant's behaviour). These results suggest that a female child sexual assault victim’s body weight may not significantly influence jurors' perceptions or legal decision making. Potential implications of the current study's findings are discussed concerning the Canadian judicial system, legal professionals, mental health professionals, and the field of counselling psychology.
Mercury: A modeling, simulation, and optimization framework for data stream-oriented IoT applications
Creators: name: Cárdenas, Román
name: Arroba, Patricia
name: Blanco, Roberto
name: Malagón, Pedro
name: Risco-Martín, José L.
name: Moya, José M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Internet of Things is transforming our society by monitoring users and infrastructures' behavior to enable new services that will improve life quality and resource management. These applications require a vast amount of localized information to be processed in real-time so, the deployment of new fog computing infrastructures that bring computing closer to the data sources is a major concern. In this context, we present Mercury, a Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization (M&S&O) framework to analyze the dimensioning and the dynamic operation of real-time fog computing scenarios. Our research proposes a location-aware solution that supports data stream analytics applications including FaaS-based computation offloading. Mercury implements a detailed structural and behavioral simulation model, providing fine-grained simulation outputs, and is described using the Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) mathematical formalism, helping to validate the model's implementation. Finally, we present a case study using real traces from a driver assistance scenario, offering a detailed comparison with other state-of-the-art simulators.
Light Higgsino from Axion Dark Radiation
Creators: name: Jeong, Kwang Sik
name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent observations imply that there is an extra relativistic degree of freedom coined dark radiation. We argue that the QCD axion is a plausible candidate for the dark radiation, not only because of its extremely small mass, but also because in the supersymmetric extension of the Peccei-Quinn mechanism the saxion tends to dominate the Universe and decays into axions with a sizable branching fraction. We show that the Higgsino mixing parameter mu is bounded from above when the axions produced at the saxion decays constitute the dark radiation: mu \lesssim 300 GeV for a saxion lighter than 2m_W, and mu less than the saxion mass otherwise. Interestingly, the Higgsino can be light enough to be within the reach of LHC and/or ILC even when the other superparticles are heavy with mass about 1 TeV or higher. We also estimate the abundance of axino produced by the decays of Higgsino and saxion.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure; published in JHEP
Facilitating Transactions and Lawful Availability of Works of Authorship: The U.S. Perspective
Creators: name: Kasunic, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Copyright
subject: Authorship
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: As Associate Register of Copyrights and Director of Registration Policy and Practice at the United States Copyright Office, a significant part of my role is to be an advocate for formalities within the limits of the Berne Convention.  I realize that many view registration, recordation, and other formalities as obstacles to authors.  However, such formalities need not be impediments, but rather may offer valuable benefits to authors, owners, and the overall copyright ecosystem without unduly burdening creators.
Copyright Reversion in The Creative Industries: Economics and Fair Remuneration
Creators: name: Towse, Ruth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: European Commission
subject: Wages
subject: Copyright
subject: Copyright--Economic aspects
subject: Law and economics
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Reversion

description: The European Commission proposal to harmonize fair remuneration in Member States in EC “on copyright in the Digital Single Market” included the proposal to harmonize a right to contract reversion.  Fair remuneration is an ambiguous concept for economists:  some EC documents imply the policy is required for efficiency purposes, and in others, purely for equity reasons.  Copyright to an extent attempts to deal with both and also at times confuses the two.  This article tries to disentangle these issues.

Research commissioned by the European Union (the “EU”) prior to the proposal concentrated on the legal aspects rather than on the impact on markets.  It would have benefitted from recent work in law and economics and in economics on reversionary rights as well as to a well-established body of research in cultural economics on labour markets of authors and performers in the cultural and media industries.  That work shows both the variety of influences on motivation, incentives and contracts for creators, as well as exposing the difficulties of empirical research in this area.

The article discusses work that has been done in economics dealing with copyright contracts and with reversion and considers the contribution studies on labour markets in the creative industries could make to the policy proposals on fair remuneration for creators and performers.
Foreign Authors’ Enforcement of U.S. Reversion Rights
Creators: name: Ginsburg, Jane C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Wages
subject: Public lending rights (of authors)
subject: International law
subject: Copyright
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Authorship
subject: Reversion

description: Thank you to all of the participants, and especially the first two panelists, for setting one part of the scene.  I am going to talk about the United States’ termination right and some Berne and private international law consequences or implications of the termination right.

First, however, I’d like to advert to the two goals Rebecca Giblin referenced in her talk.  One is remuneration, the other is dissemination.  Author-protective laws in other countries also address dissemination.  As Séverine Dusollier mentioned, a number of national laws include an obligation to exploit the work:  if the publisher does not exploit the work, the rights revert to the author.  In the United States, the contractual out-of-print clause serves that purpose, but the out-of-print clause is a matter of private ordering.  It has to be activated by the author and publishers lately have contended that as a result of print-on-demand, the work never goes out of print.  If the book is available in the catalog, and somebody at some point wants a copy, then the publisher can provide that copy.  Out of print clauses in the digital environment therefore, some publishers would argue, make no sense. Mary Rasenberger accordingly mentioned some of the attempts of the Author’s Guild to push back against the disappearance of the out-of-print clause.

The rest of my remarks will concern remuneration, rather than dissemination.  As both Martin Senftleben and Séverine Dusollier pointed out, there exists a disparity in bargaining power:  authors generally are the weaker party.  Two broad techniques seek to remedy this problem.  Previous speakers have addressed one of them, intervention by national laws with respect to the amount that the author gets paid, and with respect to the scope of the grant.  Thus, in some countries, as Séverine Dusollier mentioned, the law prohibits the author’s grant of modes of exploitation unknown at the time of the contract.  These laws effectively reserve new technology rights to the author.  Other national laws require additional remuneration for new modes of exploitation, or for “bestsellers” whose authors’ remuneration becomes excessively disproportionate to the grantees’.
title: The Power of Recognizing Strengths: Understanding the Negative Impact of Parental Self-Stigma on the Self-Esteem of Children with ADHD
Creators: name: Bath, Alexandra Christine
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: ADHD
subject: parent self-stigma
subject: self-esteem
subject: strengths
subject: parents
subject: Educational Psychology

description: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder affecting children globally (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2022). While research has often focused on the challenges associated with ADHD, there is an increasing emphasis on recognizing their unique strengths (Climie & Mastoras, 2015). However, parents of children with ADHD often experience self-stigma, which can inadvertently influence their child's well-being (Li et al., 2019) and self-esteem. The current study investigated the relationships between parents' self-stigma, perceptions of the child's strengths as reported by the parent and the child, and self-esteem in children with ADHD. Moreover, the study explored how the parent's perceptions of the child's strengths might mitigate the adverse effects of parents’ self-stigma on children's self-esteem. The sample consisted of 63 parents and their children diagnosed with ADHD between the ages of 8-17 years (males: n = 42; females: n = 21). A multi-stage statistical analysis approach encompassed correlation, hierarchical regression, and mediation analysis. Findings revealed that parental self-stigma has a significant negative effect on children's self-esteem, while child perceptions of their strengths had a positive effect. Although the direct effect of the parent's perception of their child's strengths on the child's self-esteem was not statistically significant, the indirect effect through parent self-stigma was significant. The results emphasize the need for interventions to support parents in reducing the effects of self-stigma and promote positive parenting practices that recognize and utilize the child's strengths.
Real-Space Entanglement Spectrum of Quantum Hall States
Creators: name: Sterdyniak, A.
name: Chandran, A.
name: Regnault, N.
name: Bernevig, B. A.
name: Bonderson, Parsa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the entanglement spectra arising from sharp real-space partitions of the system for quantum Hall states. These partitions differ from the previously utilized orbital and particle partitions and reveal complementary aspects of the physics of these topologically ordered systems. We show, by constructing one to one maps to the particle partition entanglement spectra, that the counting of the real-space entanglement spectra levels for different particle number sectors versus their angular momentum along the spatial partition boundary is equal to the counting of states for the system with a number of (unpinned) bulk quasiholes excitations corresponding to the same particle and flux numbers. This proves that, for an ideal model state described by a conformal field theory, the real-space entanglement spectra level counting is bounded by the counting of the conformal field theory edge modes. This bound is known to be saturated in the thermodynamic limit (and at finite sizes for certain states). Numerically analyzing several ideal model states, we find that the real-space entanglement spectra indeed display the edge modes dispersion relations expected from their corresponding conformal field theories. We also numerically find that the real-space entanglement spectra of Coulomb interaction ground states exhibit a series of branches, which we relate to the model state and (above an entanglement gap) to its quasiparticle-quasihole excitations. We also numerically compute the entanglement entropy for the nu=1 integer quantum Hall state with real-space partitions and compare against the analytic prediction. We find that the entanglement entropy indeed scales linearly with the boundary length for large enough systems, but that the attainable system sizes are still too small to provide a reliable extraction of the sub-leading topological entanglement entropy term.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures; v2: minor corrections and formatting changes
Ext-quivers of hearts of A-type and the orientation of associahedron
Creators: name: Qiu, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We classify the Ext-quivers of hearts in the bounded derived category D(A_n) and the finite-dimensional derived category D(Γ_N A_n) of the Calabi-Yau-N Ginzburg algebra D(Γ_N A_n). This provides the classification for Buan-Thomas' colored quiver for higher clusters of A-type. We also give explicit combinatorial constructions from a binary tree with n+2 leaves to a torsion pair in mod k\overrightarrow{A_n} and a cluster tilting set in the corresponding cluster category, for the straight oriented A-type quiver \overrightarrow{A_n}. As an application, we show that the orientation of the n-dimensional ssociahedron induced by poset structure of binary trees coincides with the orientation induced by poset structure of torsion pairs in mod k\overrightarrow{A_n} (under the correspondence above).
description: Fix some typos and small mistakes
title: Controlling Nanoarchitecture of Biopolymer-based Flexible Electrolyte Membranes for Solid-state Lithium-ion and Sodium-ion Battery
Creators: name: Hassan, Md Mehadi
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biopolymers
subject: Solid Polymer Electrolyte
subject: Chitosan
subject: Cellulose acetate
subject: Electrospun fiber
subject: Solution-casting
subject: Li-ion Battery
subject: Na-ion Battery
subject: Engineering--Chemical
subject: Energy
subject: Materials Science

description: This thesis focuses on utilizing naturally abundant animal and plant-based biopolymers with diverse functionalities (e.g., chitosan (CH), cellulose acetate (CA), and polylactic acid (PLA)) for developing solid-state electrolyte (SSE) membranes and their applications in solid-state sodium-ion (ss-SIBs) and lithium-ion batteries (ss-LIBs). The nanoarchitecture of these membranes with porous morphology, is finely tuned and controlled using additive materials and facile fabrication techniques such as solution casting and electrospinning. In the first study, with a facile and cost-effective solution-casting technique, we fabricated a flexible, wearable, and thin film (~0.08 mm) solid polymer electrolyte membrane (SPEM) consisting of 2D-HGO, lithium bis(trifluromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer binder, nano-SiO2, and CH biopolymer. In the composite SPEM, a unique arrangement of coherently aligned 2D porous HGO nanosheets was observed within the host CH polymer matrix, facilitating the creation of unique 3D-ion transfer pathways and exhibited impressive ionic conductivity of 2.76x10-3 Scm-1 at room temperature (RT= 23 °C). The second study utilized a distinct and versatile humidity-induced electrospinning method to fabricate porous fiber membranes composed of PLA biopolymer. The impact of porous morphology and the degree of alignment of the polymer fibers on the mechanical properties, surface roughness, wettability and ion conduction performance were evaluated using the electrospun membrane. In the third and fourth studies, a simple combination of electrospinning and solution casting was utilized to fabricate mechanically robust, flexible, free-standing, and thin-film CA and CH biopolymer-based randomly distributed electrospun composite electrolyte (ECE—third study) and aligned ECE (AECE—fourth study), respectively, where CA electrospinning fiber mat was casted by the CH and NaPF6 salt solution. RT Na+ conductivity of nano-porous AECE (4.12x10-4 Scm-1) demonstrated improved performance compared to that of randomly distributed nano-porous electrospun ECE (1.04x10-4 Scm-1). Further, RT specific discharge capacity of 98.1 mAhg-1 was attained at a 0.1 C rate, with a capacity retention of 93.4% over 120 charge-discharge cycles in the ECE-based hybrid full-cell assembly. Overall, the novel porous microstructure engineering strategies of nanocomposite SSE membranes, along with their comprehensive characterization and battery application findings, offer valuable insides for future designs of eco-friendly, flexible and wearable solid electrolytes for ss-LIBs and ss-SIBs.
Scalp EEG quantitative analysis : automated real-time detection and prediction of epileptic seizures
Creators: name: Shahidi Zandi, Ali
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: As a chronic neurological disorder, epilepsy is associated with recurrent, unprovoked epileptic seizures resulting from a sudden disturbance of brain function. Long-term monitoring of epileptic patients' Electroencephalogram (EEG) is often needed for diagnosis of seizures, which is tedious, expensive, and time-consuming. Also, clinical staff may not identify the seizure early enough to determine the semiology at the onset. This motivates EEG-based automated real-time detection of seizures. Apart from their possible severe side effects, common treatments for epilepsy (medication and surgery) fail to satisfactorily control seizures in ~25% of patients. EEG-based seizure prediction systems would significantly enhance the chance of controlling/aborting seizures and improve safety and quality of life for patients. This thesis proposes novel EEG-based patient-specific techniques for real-time detection and prediction of epileptic seizures and also presents a pilot study of scalp EEGs acquired in a unique low-noise underground environment. The proposed detection method is based on the wavelet packet analysis of EEG. A novel index, termed the combined seizure index, is introduced which is sensitive to both the rhythmicity and relative energy of the EEG in a given channel and considers the consistency among different channels at the same time. This index is monitored by a cumulative sum procedure in each channel. This channel-based information is then used to generate the final seizure alarm. In this thesis, a prediction method based on a variational Bayesian Gaussian mixture model of the EEG positive zero-crossing intervals is proposed. Novel indices of similarity and dissimilarity are introduced to compare current observations with the preictal and interictal references and monitor the changes for each channel. Information from individual channels is finally combined to trigger an alarm for upcoming seizures. These methods are evaluated using scalp EEG data. The prediction method is also tested against a random predictor. Finally, this thesis investigates the capability of an ultra-shielded underground capsule for acquiring clean EEG. Results demonstrate the potential of the capsule for novel EEG studies, including establishing novel low-noise EEG benchmarks which could be helpful in better understanding of the brain functions and mechanisms deriving various brain disorders, such as epilepsy.
Collinear and Soft Limits of Multi-Loop Integrands in N=4 Yang-Mills
Creators: name: Golden, John
name: Spradlin, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been argued in arXiv:1112.6432 that the planar four-point integrand in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory is uniquely determined by dual conformal invariance together with the absence of a double pole in the integrand of the logarithm in the limit as a loop integration variable becomes collinear with an external momentum. In this paper we reformulate this condition in a simple way in terms of the amplitude itself, rather than its logarithm, and verify that it holds for two- and three-loop MHV integrands for n>4. We investigate the extent to which this collinear constraint and a constraint on the soft behavior of integrands can be used to determine integrands. We find an interesting complementarity whereby the soft constraint becomes stronger while the collinear constraint becomes weaker at larger n. For certain reasonable choices of basis at two and three loops the two constraints in unison appear strong enough to determine MHV integrands uniquely for all n.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures; v2: very minor changes
An L^1-stability and uniqueness result for balance laws with multifunctions: A model from the theory of granular media
Creators: name: Gwiazda, Piotr
name: Świerczewska, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: system of hyperbolic conservation law
subject: multifunction
subject: weak entropy solutions
subject: L^1-stability
subject: uniqueness
subject: well-posedness
subject: 35L65
subject: 35L45
subject: 35B35

description: In this paper it is studied uniqueness and L1-stability for 2×2 system coming out from the theory of granular media. The investigations are done in a class of weak entropy solutions. The appearance of multifunction in a source term, given by Coulomb-Mohr friction law, requires a modification of definition of the solution.
More Money for Creators and More Support for Copyright in Society—Fair Remuneration Rights in Germany and the Netherlands
Creators: name: Senftlebenm, Martin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Wages
subject: Copyright
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Authorship--Economic aspects
subject: Authorship

description: The current copyright system is intended to provide an incentive for authors to invest more time and effort in the creation of literary and artistic works (utilitarian argument), recognize the acquisition of a property right as a result of creative labour (natural law argument) and enhance authors’ freedom of expression by offering a source of income that is independent of patronage and sponsorship (free expression argument). These arguments may be combined with considerations of industry policy, such as the growth of the creative and telecommunication industries, and the creation of jobs in these industries. The basis of all these lines of reasoning, however, is the individual creator.  Without the constant efforts of creators, there would be no new literature and art to fuel the publication and dissemination machinery of the industry.  A focus on the income situation of the individual creator also ensures the acceptance of copyright law in society.  It adds social legitimacy.  Who would be against remunerating authors for the time and effort spent on the creation of a new work?

There is thus substantial reason to explore legislative measures seeking to ensure that copyright law generates not only a sufficient return on investment for the creative industries but also a decent income for individual creators.  With specific copyright contract rules that guarantee a right to fair remuneration, the legislation in Germany and the Netherlands is particularly advanced in this respect.  Hence, the question arises:  what lessons can be learned from German and Dutch experiences?  After a short introduction that refers to recent E.U. initiatives in this area, the following analysis will show that the issue of a fair remuneration for creators has a worldwide dimension.  In light of the rationales of copyright protection in continental-European and Anglo-American copyright systems, it becomes clear that the high level of protection that has been reached in both legal traditions and at the international level only appears legitimate if individual creators receive an adequate remuneration for their work. Fair remuneration is a universal, worldwide concern (Section I).  Against this background, the analysis sheds light on the practical effects of the legislation in Germany and the Netherlands (Section II) and leads to general guidelines for the improvement of the income situation of creators (Section III).
title: Polymeric Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalysts for Cellulosic Biomass Derivatives Photorefining
Creators: name: Wang, Jiu
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biomass photorefining
subject: Carbon nitride
subject: Cellulosic biomass
subject: Photocatalysis
subject: Glucose photoreforming
subject: C-C bond cleavage
subject: Enzymatic reactions
subject: Hybrid catalytic systems
subject: Engineering
subject: Engineering--Chemical
subject: Energy
subject: Engineering--Environmental

description: Biomass photorefining into value-added chemicals and fuels is a promising approach towards carbon neutrality. As one of the most abundant renewable resources, biomass has great potential to address increasing energy demands through environmentally benign processes, along with the production of value-added chemicals. Polymeric carbon nitride (CN), comprised of a 2D network of condensed heptazine/triazine (C6N7/C3N3) cores, has shown great potential for the photoreforming of biomass derivatives due to its intriguing physicochemical and optical properties. Since cellulose, a major component of lignocellulosic biomass (40%-60%), is composed of glucose units, glucose serves as an ideal model for studying photoreforming processes. This thesis initially begins by studying the intrinsic mechanisms of selective glucose photoreforming, with or without C-C bond cleavage via different reaction pathways, and then extends the scope to include cellobiose and cellulose. Beyond photocatalysis, hybrid catalytic systems (e.g., photo-bio, photo-electro, or bio-photo/electro) hold great potential for use in cellulosic biomass valorization as well as other potential applications with industrial market potential. Firstly, crystalline CN with Lewis acid-base sites enables glucose isomerization into fructose, while a dual-functional CN photocatalyst facilitates glucose photo-oxidation to gluconic acid. Further oxidation to glucaric acid is achieved using alkalized CN with TEMPO mediation. Then, glucose photoreforming with C-C bond cleavage is investigated. For example, gold nanoparticle-modified CN (AuCN) selectively generates superoxide radicals (•O2−) to cleave the C1-C2 bond, producing arabinose. Additionally, C3-C4 bond cleavage produces glycerol under the effect of nucleophilic dimethyl sulfoxide, which can be further oxidized into value-added chemicals. Beyond glucose, the photoreforming of cellobiose into gluconic acid and syngas under acidic conditions is investigated. Then direct cellulose photorefining is demonstrated using oxygen-doped CN, and a photobiocatalytic approach is explored, coupling cellulase enzymes with a modified CN photocatalyst. Finally, a bio-photo/electro hybrid catalytic system is further developed to address the limitations of photocatalysis, paving the way for industrial-scale applications. This hybrid system not only facilitates the oxidation of glucose into organic acids but also integrates NADH-driven enzymatic reactions, offering a new approach for biomass utilization while expanding the potential of typical enzymes for industrial-scale chemical production.
How accurately can we measure the hydrogen 2S->1S transition rate from the cosmological data?
Creators: name: Mukhanov, Viatcheslav
name: Kim, Jaiseung
name: Naselsky, Pavel
name: Trombetti, Tiziana
name: Burigana, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in observational cosmology, and especially the forthcoming PLANCK mission data, open new directions in so-called precision cosmology. In this paper we illustrate this statement considering the accuracy of cosmological determination of the two-quanta decay rate of 2s hydrogen atom state. We show that the PLANCK data will allow us to measure this decay rate significantly better than in the laboratory experiments.
description: v2: matched with the version accepted in JCAP (minor changes)
CONVEX OPTIMIZATION IN BANACH SPACES
Creators: name: Adedoyin, Jeremiah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Fundamental definitions and theorems of Convexity, Optimization, Banach spaces and Reflexivity are proved mainly in this project work. The Hahn Banach theorem, as well as an application of Frullani’s integral, are considered in this project work.
Phase estimation via quantum interferometry for noisy detectors
Creators: name: Spagnolo, Nicoló
name: Vitelli, Chiara
name: Lucivero, Vito Giovanni
name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
name: Maccone, Lorenzo
name: Sciarrino, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sensitivity in optical interferometry is strongly affected by losses during the signal propagation or at the detection stage. The optimal quantum states of the probing signals in the presence of loss were recently found. However, in many cases of practical interest, their associated accuracy is worse than the one obtainable without employing quantum resources (e.g. entanglement and squeezing) but neglecting the detector's loss. Here we detail an experiment that can reach the latter even in the presence of imperfect detectors: it employs a phase-sensitive amplification of the signals after the phase sensing, before the detection. We experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of a phase estimation experiment able to reach its optimal working regime. Since our method uses coherent states as input signals, it is a practical technique that can be used for high-sensitivity interferometry and, in contrast to the optimal strategies, does not require one to have an exact characterization of the loss beforehand.
description: 4 pages + supplementary information (10 pages), 3 + 4 figures
Biomechanical comparison of two total ankle replacement designs : micromotion and kinematic patterns
Creators: name: McInnes, Kurtis Anthony
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Introduction: Arthritis is a degenerative disease that causes irreversible damage to a joint’s articular cartilage. Despite having high failure rates in early total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) models, recent improvements have increased the success of this procedure, providing end-stage ankle arthritis patients a viable alternative to fusion with better functional outcomes. Currently, the most prevalent cause of failure is aseptic loosening, which is believed to be affected by motion at the bone-implant interface. The objective of this study was to compare micromotion and kinematic patterns of two TAA designs. Methods: A mechanical simulator was designed to apply compressive loads and bending moments to human cadaveric ankles, intact and replaced. It induced a maximal range of motion in the ankle about 3 orthogonal axes: plantarflexion-dorsiflexion (PF-DF), inversion-eversion (INV-EV), and internal-external rotation (IR-ER). Six ankle pairs were tested and compared. The implants analyzed were the Agility™ and the Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (S.T.A.R.®). Using an optical motion capture system, tibiocalcaneal kinematics and the relative bone-implant motion for each implant were recorded and analyzed. Results: The Agility exhibited a greater amount of micromotion between the bone and prosthesis than the STAR for the tibial component in INV-EV (p=0.037), and for the talar component in PF-DF (p=0.002) and IR-ER (p=0.038). Micromotion magnitudes were affected by loading direction and compression. Kinematic changes were observed following replacement of the ankle joint. There were decreases in the amount of motion coupling for both implants when loaded in INV-EV and IR-ER. There were increases in joint translation for both implants in the medial/lateral direction under INV-EV loading, and for the STAR in the anterior/posterior and compression/distraction directions under PF-DF loading. No significant ROM differences were found. Discussion: Increased micromotion in the Agility supports the hypothesis that higher aseptic loosening rates are correlated with reduced initial post-op fixation. The effect of loading direction on micromotion magnitude confirms the need to apply a variety of loading conditions to obtain a comprehensive micromotion analysis. Kinematic differences between implanted and intact ankles show that there is still room for improvement towards an ankle replacement design that replicates the performance of a healthy ankle.
A semi-empirical library of galaxy spectra for Gaia classification based on SDSS data and PEGASE models
Creators: name: Tsalmantza, P.
name: Karampelas, A.
name: Kontizas, M.
name: Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.
name: Rocca-Volmerange, B.
name: Livanou, E.
name: Bellas-Velidis, I.
name: Kontizas, E.
name: Vallenari, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims:This paper is the third in a series implementing a classification system for Gaia observations of unresolved galaxies. The system makes use of template galaxy spectra in order to determine spectral classes and estimate intrinsic astrophysical parameters. In previous work we used synthetic galaxy spectra produced by PEGASE.2 code to simulate Gaia observations and to test the performance of Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers and parametrizers. Here we produce a semi-empirical library of galaxy spectra by fitting SDSS spectra with the previously produced synthetic libraries. We present (1) the semi-empirical library of galaxy spectra, (2) a comparison between the observed and synthetic spectra, and (3) first results of claassification and parametrization experiments with simulated Gaia spectrophotometry of this library. Methods: We use chi2-fitting to fit SDSS galaxy spectra with the synthetic library in order to construct a semi-empirical library of galaxy spectra in which (1) the real spectra are extended by the synthetic ones in order to cover the full wavelength range of Gaia, and (2) astrophysical parameters are assigned to the SDSS spectra by the best fitting synthetic spectrum. The SVM models were trained with and applied to semi-empirical spectra. Tests were performed for the classification of spectral types and the estimation of the most significant galaxy parameters (in particular redshift, mass to light ratio and star formation history). Results: We produce a semi-empirical library of 33670 galaxy spectra covering the wavelength range 250 to 1050 nm at a sampling of 1 nm or less. Using the results of the fitting of the SDSS spectra with our synthetic library, we investigate the range of the input model parameters that produces spectra which are in good agreement with observations. (abridged)
description: (14 pages, accepted for publication in A&A)
title: Conceptualization of Land Within Indigenous Focusing-Oriented Therapy (IFOT)
Creators: name: Maisey, Douglas Ryan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Land
subject: Decolonizing
subject: Indigenous Focusing-Oriented Therapy
subject: Indigenous
subject: Psychotherapy
subject: Counselling
subject: Education--Guidance and Counseling

description: Indigenous People are often disproportionately represented in terms of the need for mental health support. However, Euro-Western counselling approaches often further oppress and marginalize Indigenous Peoples as these wellness interventions are typically culturally irrelevant which links to the mistrust of the mental health system. As just one example, many of these treatments minimize the importance and use of Land in the healing journey. Indigenous Peoples throughout Turtle Island have a deep-rooted connection to Land as a teacher, relative, healer, and spirit. The field of counselling psychology has yet to integrate Indigenous ways of knowing and Land in counselling settings to decolonize and reconcile counselling approaches. Indigenous Focusing-oriented therapy (IFOT) is a therapy approach grounded in Land and Indigenous philosophy to address complex personal, vicarious, and intergenerational trauma. Utilizing a relational methodology and Indigenous research methods of conversation, witnessing, and reflexive journaling, this study sought to understand the conceptualization of Land within IFOT. Conversations with five IFOT knowledge holders and engaging in IFOT training programs allowed Land to be conceptualized and understood within an IFOT framework. By conceptualizing Land within IFOT and the therapeutic space, Land can be noticed and utilized to heal intergenerational trauma and cultural genocide. With Land, clients can address the attempted genocide and complex trauma that show up in their present to heal and find harmony for themselves and all those they are in relation with. This research adds to the growing bodies of IFOT literature and presents implications for healing practices, research within education, counselling psychology, and related fields.
Holographic dark information energy: Predicted dark energy measurement
Creators: name: Gough, Michael Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several models have been proposed to explain the dark energy that is causing universe expansion to accelerate. Here the acceleration predicted by the Holographic Dark Information Energy (HDIE) model is compared to the acceleration that would be produced by a cosmological constant. While identical to a cosmological constant at low redshifts, z<1, the HDIE model results in smaller Hubble parameter values at higher redshifts, z>1, reaching a maximum difference of 2.6 +-0.5% around z~1.7. The next generation of dark energy measurements, both those scheduled to be made in space (ESA's Euclid and NASA's WFIRST missions) and those to be made on the ground (BigBOSS, LSST and Dark Energy Survey), should be capable of determining whether such a difference signature exists or not. The HDIE model is therefore falsifiable.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Lymphocyte-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Promote Pancreatic β Cell Death and May Contribute to Type 1 Diabetes Development
Creators: name: Guay, Claudiane
name: Kruit, Janine K.
name: Rome, Sophie
name: Menoud, Véronique
name: Mulder, Niels L.
name: Jurdzinski, Angelika
name: Mancarella, Francesca
name: Sebastiani, Guido
name: Donda, Alena
name: Jandus, Camilla
name: Bouzakri, Karim
name: Pinget, Michel
name: Boitard, Christian
name: Romero, Pedro
name: Dotta, Francesco
name: Regazzi, Romano
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Diabetes--Risk factors
Apoptosis
Molecular biology
Lymphocytes

description: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease initiated by the invasion of pancreatic islets by immune cells that selectively kill the b cells. We found that rodent and human T lymphocytes release exosomes containing the microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-142-3p, miR- 142-5p, and miR-155, which can be transferred in active form to b cells favoring apoptosis. Inactivation of these miRNAs in recipient b cells prevents exosome-mediated apoptosis and protects non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice from diabetes development. Is- lets from protected NOD mice display higher insulin levels, lower insulitis scores, and reduced inflammation. Looking at the mechanisms underlying exosome action, we found that T lymphocyte exosomes trigger apoptosis and the expression of genes involved in chemokine signaling, including Ccl2, Ccl7, and Cxcl10, exclusively in b cells. The induction of these genes may promote the recruitment of immune cells and exacerbate b cell death during the autoimmune attack. Our data point to exosomal-miRNA transfer as a communication mode between immune and insulin-secreting cells.
The International Framework for the Protection of Authors: Bendable Boundaries and Immovable Obstacles
Creators: name: Ricketson, Sam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Public lending rights (of authors)
subject: Copyright
subject: Authorship
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Copyright, International

description: This Article is concerned with the international framework within which authors’ rights in their works are protected and exploited.  It is not about brave new worlds that might exist outside or beyond this framework where rights and usages are reconceived and restructured on some totally new basis, but instead with what that framework presently allows and facilitates. The Article is therefore pragmatic in its approach, simultaneously seeking to expose the potential flexibilities and gaps within the international framework that may enable the realization of some, at least, of the objectives of those who would seek to reform and reformulate copyright laws.  Indeed, it may be that there is a brave new world for the protection of authors’ rights that is embedded within the interstices of the present international framework just waiting to be uncovered and realized.