cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neutrinos as a Diagnostic of High Energy Astrophysical Processes
Creators: name: Anchordoqui, Luis A.
name: Goldberg, Haim
name: Halzen, Francis
name: Weiler, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A leading candidate for the extragalactic source of high energy cosmic rays is the Fermi engine mechanism, in which protons confined by magnetic fields are accelerated to very high energy through repeated scattering by plasma shock fronts. In the process of acceleration, collisions of trapped protons with the ambient plasma produce pions which decay to electromagnetic energy and neutrinos. For optically thin sources, a strong connection between the emerging cosmic rays and secondary neutrinos can be established. In this context, we show the feasibility of using the Glashow resonance as a discriminator between the $pp$ and $pγ$ interactions in Fermi engines as sources of neutrinos. In particular, we demonstrate how three years of observation at the km$^3$ IceCube facility can serve as a filter for the dominance of the $pp$ interaction at the source.
description: The previous version of this paper contained a brief discussion of how the flux of neutrinos from optically thin sources can be used as a marker of the cosmic ray Galactic/extra-galactic transition. This topic has received detailed discussion in a separate paper, arXiv:astro-ph/0503229
Magnetic fields from Multiplicative Chaos
Creators: name: Durrive, J. -B.
name: Lesaffre, P.
name: Ferrière, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytical model for fully developed three-dimensional incompressible turbulence was recently proposed in the hydrodynamics community, based on the concept of multiplicative chaos. It consists of a random field represented by means of a stochastic integral, which, with only a few parameters, shares many properties with experimental and numerical turbulence, including in particular energy transfer through scales (the cascade) and intermittency (non-Gaussianity) which is most conveniently controlled with a single parameter. Here, we propose three models extending this approach to MHD turbulence. Our formulae provide physically motivated 3D models of a turbulent velocity field and magnetic field coupled together. Besides its theoretical value, this work is meant to provide a tool for observers: a dozen of physically meaningful free parameters enter the description, which is useful to characterize astrophysical data.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Project-based learning and the development of students' professional identity
title: A case study of an instructional design course with real clients in Romania
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hartescu, Ioana
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020

description: Instructional design (ID) education is increasingly moving from a modelbased to a design-based approach, prompting renewed attention on requirements to align students’ and practitioners’ professional identities. Yet there is little current understanding of how traditionally-used pedagogies, such as project-based learning (PjBL), contribute to the necessary identity development of students. This project aims to identify connections between students’ development of professional identity and elements of PjBL, based on a two-year case study of an ID graduate course in Romania. Data was generated via observations, focus groups, written reflections and questionnaires. First, using established PjBL concepts, such as related cases, cognitive tools and contextual support, I examine how the course design was deployed and received by the students. Second, using Communities of Practice concepts, such as mutuality of engagement and trajectories, I analyse how students developed their professional identity during the course. Third, I integrate the two perspectives to identify connections emerging throughout the stages of the course. The findings suggest that incorporating interactions with clients in student projects benefits students’ development of professional identity, by facilitating a more complex accountability to a joint enterprise which, in turn, lessens the need for contextual support from teachers. Yet students’ existing repertoire of problem-solving, reflection and teamworking skills influences how they use and benefit from elements of PjBL, such as related cases and cognitive and collaboration tools. Additionally, those student teams engaging in joint effort, as opposed to dividing labour, make richer use of the cognitive tools provided, leading to a more inbound trajectory into ID identity. The analysis has implications for the effectiveness of PjBL courses, as well as for interventions designed to develop students’ professional identity. Moreover, the theoretical analysis widens current perspectives about the dilemmas and difficulties experienced by students trying to make the transition into professional life.
Análise da competitividade da produção de Soja no sistema de plantio direto no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
Creators: name: Alvim, Maria Isabel Da Silva Azevedo
name: Oliveira Júnior, Lourival Batista De
name: Alvim, Maria Isabel Da Silva Azevedo
name: Oliveira Júnior, Lourival Batista De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: maintainable development
subject: competitive
subject: commercialization.

description: The Brazilian agricultural sector, which is undergoing the settlement of new production and trading patterns, faces the challenge of growing in a competitive and sustainable fashion, in order to attend domestic demand while acquiring and holding positions in foreign markets, and by providing quality products and processes with sustainability and competitive prices. To attend the new requirements form a more balanced agriculture, both in ecological and economic terms, it is necessary a practice of producing in a coherent fashion, with the sustainable development. Thus, the purpose of this article is to analyze the profitability of the direct planting system e production process which is more sustainable than the conventional system, in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) technique, which allows a more clear comparison between the two systems. On the basis of the results obtained, one can take note that the direct planting system displayed smaller costs and larger profitability than the conventional system, in additions to being a preserving system that reduces soil losses due to erosion.
Supplementary Material (k-core structure of real multiplex networks)
Creators: name: Osat, Saeed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29902 Complex Physical Systems
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 1-Real-world network data
2-k-core structure of real-world networks
3-k-core structure of real-world multiplex networks
4-Destroying inter-layer degree and similarity correlations
5-k-core structure of synthetic multiplex networks
Diferenciais de salários por gênero na Indústria Avícola da Região Sul do Brasil: uma análise com micro dados
Creators: name: Jacinto, Paulo De Andrade
name: Jacinto, Paulo De Andrade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: wage differentials
subject: Oaxaca decomposition
subject: gender.

description: This paper examines the wage differentials by gender in the poultry industry from South Region of Brazil. The Relação Anual de Informações Sociais – RAIS of 1998 was used. To measure the difference between the homogeneous workers as education and occupation it was used the Oaxaca’s method (1973). The results showed that the same discrimination found in the labor markets is present into the poultry industry.
How do different off-farm income sources affect income inequality among farm households?
Creators: name: Severini, Simone
name: Tantari, Antonella
name: Severini, Simone
name: Tantari, Antonella
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Farm household income
subject: Income concentration
subject: Gini coefficient disaggregation
subject: Off-farm income.

description: This paper investigates how different off-farm income sources and CAP direct payments affect income inequality among farm households. It uses the Gini coefficient and its decomposition on the whole sample of FADN individual farms of Italy in 2011. CAP direct payments and the overall off-farm incomes reduce income concentration. However, of the five considered off-farm income sources, only pensions significantly decrease it. This suggests that, if decreasing income inequality is a relevant goal, CAP direct payments and pensions are two important policy tools to do so, while this may not be the case of policies increasing other off-farm income sources.
Fungi and their mycotoxins associated with maize ear rots from emerging farms in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Creators: name: Price, Jenna-Lee
name: Meyer, Hannalien
name: Yilmaz, Neriman
name: Visagie, Cobus M
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fungi, Mycotoxins, Diversity, Identification

description: Poster presented at the 3rd ASM JOINT MYTOX-SOUTH SYMPOSIUM 2022, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 4–7 September 2022.
A New Precision Measurement of the 3He(4He,gamma)7Be Cross section
Creators: name: Singh, B. S. Nara
name: Hass, M.
name: Nir-El, Y.
name: Haquin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 3He(4He,gamma)7Be reaction plays an important role in determining the high energy solar neutrino flux and in understanding the abundances of primordial 7Li. The present paper reports a new precision measurement of the cross sections of this direct capture reaction, determined by measuring the ensuing 7Be activity in the region of Ec.m.=400 keV to 950 keV. Various recent theoretical fits to our data result in a consistent extrapolated value of S34(0)=0.53(2)(1).
description: 10 pages 3 figures
Macarie 2017 Invisible Denizens: Migrant Night Shift Workers’ Fragile Possibilities for Solidarity in the Post-Circadian Capitalist Era.pdf
Creators: name: Julius-Cezar MacQuarie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160104 Social and Cultural Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160303 Migration
subject: 160512 Social Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160510 Public Policy

description: Abstract - London’s New Spitalfields market night shift workers face weak possibilities for solidarity, and so presumably they are alienated from the mainstream, diurnal society. Since, generally people working nights permanently will suffer from isolation, sleep deprivation, physical exhaustion and mental alienation. Because, evidence from occupational health inquiries show how night shift work disrupts the circadian rhythms (Arendt 2010)if at all, to rapid transitions between different shift schedules. This leads to misalignment (desynchrony, and from anthropological and global studies showing that unmet social expectations lead to “hysteresis effects” (Bourdieu, 1984) and biological dissonance amongst the “walking ghosts” of India’s call centre agents (Aneesh 2012:527–29). Unless, of course, people in other job sectors are not working at night permanently, on 11/12-Hour night shifts like the respondents in this study or they are highly skilled migrants capable of buying solutions for sociability. The paper analyses firstly, three main contributing factors: (a) the expansion of the working day into the night; (b) the major alterations of time over time, and (c) the global city, the nurturing ground for producing the bio-automatons maintaining its global night-time economy. Secondly, the four migrant night shifters’ ethnographic portraits canvased here, expose their resilience in enduring work precariousness, and corrosion of social ties and networks with their families, away and at home.
DAN-SNR: A Deep Attentive Network for Social-Aware Next Point-of-Interest Recommendation
Creators: name: Huang, Liwei
name: Ma, Yutao
name: Liu, Yanbo
name: He, Keqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.3

description: Next (or successive) point-of-interest (POI) recommendation has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Most of the previous studies attempted to incorporate the spatiotemporal information and sequential patterns of user check-ins into recommendation models to predict the target user's next move. However, none of these approaches utilized the social influence of each user's friends. In this study, we discuss a new topic of next POI recommendation and present a deep attentive network for social-aware next POI recommendation called DAN-SNR. In particular, the DAN-SNR makes use of the self-attention mechanism instead of the architecture of recurrent neural networks to model sequential influence and social influence in a unified manner. Moreover, we design and implement two parallel channels to capture short-term user preference and long-term user preference as well as social influence, respectively. By leveraging multi-head self-attention, the DAN-SNR can model long-range dependencies between any two historical check-ins efficiently and weigh their contributions to the next destination adaptively. Also, we carried out a comprehensive evaluation using large-scale real-world datasets collected from two popular location-based social networks, namely Gowalla and Brightkite. Experimental results indicate that the DAN-SNR outperforms seven competitive baseline approaches regarding recommendation performance and is of high efficiency among six neural-network- and attention-based methods.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures, and 6 tables
Cavity Method for Supersymmetry Breaking Spin Glasses
Creators: name: Cavagna, Andrea
name: Giardina, Irene
name: Parisi, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spontaneous supersymmetry-breaking that takes place in certain spin-glass models signals a particular fragility in the structure of metastable states of such systems. This fragility is due to the presence of at least one marginal mode in the Hessian of the free energy, that makes the states highly susceptible under external perturbations. The cavity method is a technique that recursively describes the property of a system with N+1 spins in terms of those of a system with N spins. To do so, the cavity method assumes a certain degree of stability when adding a new spin to the system, i.e. it assumes that for a generic choice of the parameters there is an one-to-one correspondence between the metastable states of the system with N spins and the metastable states of the system with N+1 spins. In systems where the supersymmetry is broken such a correspondence does not exist, and an alternative formulation of the cavity method must be devised. We introduce a generalized cavity approach that takes care of this problem and we apply it to the computation of the probability distribution of the local magnetizations in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. Our findings agree with the correct supersymmetry-breaking result.
Unintended Consequences of Water Legislation
Creators: name: Yow, Shauna
name: Yow, Shauna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The population of Texas is expected to double by 2060. The Texas Lower Rio Grande Valley is one area in which alternative water sources and potable treatment methods are being sought to support a rapid population growth. An emerging and promising approach to expanding potable water supplies is brackish groundwater desalination. Due to recent technology developments in desalination membranes and increasing prices of surface water rights, the economics of desalination have become competitive with conventional treatment methods. The seemingly comparable competitive economics relationship between conventional and desalination treatments was impacted by Floor Amendment 60 of Texas Senate Bill 3, which was an attempt to meet the increased demand for municipal water. This amendment established the price at which irrigation water in the Valley can convert to municipal water, as a result of urban/residential development of agricultural land, at 68 percent of the market price, effective January 1, 2008. Preliminary economic and financial investigations suggest this legislation could affect the adoption of water treatment technology. This paper identifies and analyzes the economic and financial implications, both intended and unintended, of Floor Amendment 60 on the Valley water market, and the associated adoption of alternative technologies for producing potable water.
The journey exploring Aspergillus and Penicillium taxonomy, nomenclature and diversity
Creators: name: Visagie, Cobus M
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Eurotiales, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Talaromyces, taxonomy

description: Seminar presented at the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute Monday Morning Seminar Series
description: none
Spin interferometry with electrons in nanostructures: A road to spintronic devices
Creators: name: Zuelicke, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The wave nature of electrons in semiconductor nanostructures results in spatial interference effects similar to those exhibited by coherent light. The presence of spin-orbit coupling renders interference in spin space and in real space interdependent, making it possible to manipulate the electron's spin state by addressing its orbital degree of freedom. This suggests the utility of electronic analogs of optical interferometers as blueprints for new spintronics devices. We demonstrate the usefulness of this concept using the Mach-Zehnder interferometer as an example. Its spin-dependent analog realizes a spin-controlled field-effect transistor without magnetic contacts and may be used as a quantum logical gate.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, this version slighly more detailed than published one
Table S2. from Social support, nutrition and health among women in rural Bangladesh: complex tradeoffs in allocare, kin proximity and support network size
Creators: name: Shenk, Mary K.
name: Morse, Anne Roback
name: Mattison, Siobhán M.
name: Sear, Rebecca
name: Alam, Nurul
name: Rubhana Raqib
name: Kumar, Anjan
name: Farjana Haque
name: Blumenfield, Tami
name: Shaver, John
name: Sosis, Richard
name: Wander, Katherine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Multinomial logistic regression with lean as the reference category (N=677)
Large-scale neuromorphic optoelectronic computing with a reconfigurable diffractive processing unit
Creators: name: Zhou, Tiankuang
name: Lin, Xing
name: Wu, Jiamin
name: Chen, Yitong
name: Xie, Hao
name: Li, Yipeng
name: Fan, Jintao
name: Wu, Huaqiang
name: Fang, Lu
name: Dai, Qionghai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Application-specific optical processors have been considered disruptive technologies for modern computing that can fundamentally accelerate the development of artificial intelligence (AI) by offering substantially improved computing performance. Recent advancements in optical neural network architectures for neural information processing have been applied to perform various machine learning tasks. However, the existing architectures have limited complexity and performance; and each of them requires its own dedicated design that cannot be reconfigured to switch between different neural network models for different applications after deployment. Here, we propose an optoelectronic reconfigurable computing paradigm by constructing a diffractive processing unit (DPU) that can efficiently support different neural networks and achieve a high model complexity with millions of neurons. It allocates almost all of its computational operations optically and achieves extremely high speed of data modulation and large-scale network parameter updating by dynamically programming optical modulators and photodetectors. We demonstrated the reconfiguration of the DPU to implement various diffractive feedforward and recurrent neural networks and developed a novel adaptive training approach to circumvent the system imperfections. We applied the trained networks for high-speed classifying of handwritten digit images and human action videos over benchmark datasets, and the experimental results revealed a comparable classification accuracy to the electronic computing approaches. Furthermore, our prototype system built with off-the-shelf optoelectronic components surpasses the performance of state-of-the-art graphics processing units (GPUs) by several times on computing speed and more than an order of magnitude on system energy efficiency.
Gas and dust dynamics in starlight-heated protoplanetary disks
Creators: name: Flock, Mario
name: Turner, Neal J.
name: Nelson, Richard P.
name: Lyra, Wladimir
name: Manger, Natascha
name: Klahr, Hubert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical models of the ionization state in protoplanetary disks suggest the existence of large areas with low ionization and weak coupling between the gas and magnetic fields. In this regime hydrodynamical instabilities may become important. In this work we investigate the gas and dust structure and dynamics for a typical T Tauri system under the influence of the vertical shear instability (VSI). We use global 3D radiation hydrodynamics simulations covering all $360^\circ$ of azimuth with embedded particles of 0.1 and 1mm size, evolved for 400 orbits. Stellar irradiation heating is included with opacities for 0.1- to 10-$μ$m-sized dust. Saturated VSI turbulence produces a stress-to-pressure ratio of $α\simeq 10^{-4}$. The value of $α$ is lowest within 30~au of the star, where thermal relaxation is slower relative to the orbital period and approaches the rate below which VSI is cut off. The rise in $α$ from 20 to 30~au causes a dip in the surface density near 35~au, leading to Rossby wave instability and the generation of a stationary, long-lived vortex spanning about 4~au in radius and 40~au in azimuth. Our results confirm previous findings that mm size grains are strongly vertically mixed by the VSI. The scale height aspect ratio for 1mm grains is determined to be 0.037, much higher than the value $H/r=0.007$ obtained from millimeter-wave observations of the HL~Tau system. The measured aspect ratio is better fit by non-ideal MHD models. In our VSI turbulence model, the mm grains drift radially inwards and many are trapped and concentrated inside the vortex. The turbulence induces a velocity dispersion of $\sim 12$~m/s for the mm grains, indicating that grain-grain collisions could lead to fragmentation.
description: ApJ accepted
The Unseen Hand: Stylometric Analysis of Authorial Influence in Classic Literature
Creators: name: Rojas Valle, Olga
name: Korma, Theodora Stavroula
name: Demirtas, Ece
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Digital Humanities
T.S Eliot
Patrick Juola
Stylometry
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Zelda Fitzgerald
Vivienne Haigh-Wood Eliot
Voyant Tool
Stylo
Zeta analysis
Craig's Zeta
Authorship attribution

description: The Unseen Hand project carries a stylometric analysis to investigate the two pairs of writers' authorship and stylistic characteristics. The authors that will be compared include T.S. Eliot, Vivienne Haigh-Wood Eliot, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda Fitzgerald. This project will cover the hypothesis regarding the extent to which stylometric analysis can determine the influence of Vivienne Haigh-Wood Eliot on T.S. Eliot's writings. Similarly, it will investigate how the writings of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda Fitzgerald reflect either mutual influence or distinct authorship.
Secular Evolution and the Formation of Pseudobulges in Disk Galaxies
Creators: name: Kormendy, John
name: Kennicutt, Robert C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review internal processes of secular evolution in galaxy disks, concentrating on the buildup of dense central features that look like classical, merger-built bulges but that were made slowly out of disk gas. We call these pseudobulges. As an existence proof, we review how bars rearrange disk gas into outer rings, inner rings, and gas dumped into the center. In simulations, this gas reaches high densities that plausibly feed star formation. In the observations, many SB and oval galaxies show central concentrations of gas and star formation. Star formation rates imply plausible pseudobulge growth times of a few billion years. If secular processes built dense central components that masquerade as bulges, can we distinguish them from merger-built bulges? Observations show that pseudobulges retain a memory of their disky origin. They have one or more characteristics of disks: (1) flatter shapes than those of classical bulges, (2) large ratios of ordered to random velocities indicative of disk dynamics, (3) small velocity dispersions, (4) spiral structure or nuclear bars in the bulge part of the light profile, (5) nearly exponential brightness profiles, and (6) starbursts. These structures occur preferentially in barred and oval galaxies in which secular evolution should be rapid. So the cleanest examples of pseudobulges are recognizable. Thus a large variety of observational and theoretical results contribute to a new picture of galaxy evolution that complements hierarchical clustering and merging.
description: 92 pages, 21 figures in 30 Postscript files; to appear in Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 42, 2004, in press; for a version with full resolution figures, see http://chandra.as.utexas.edu/~kormendy/ar3ss.html
Night Shifts in the Days of Post-Circadian Capitalism
Creators: name: Julius-Cezar MacQuarie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160303 Migration
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160104 Social and Cultural Anthropology
subject: 160512 Social Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160510 Public Policy

description: A theoretical proposition to clarify the concept of solidarity when employed empirically to assess precariousness amongst migrant night workers in global cities.
An Analysis of Repayment Among Clients of the Microfinance Institution Esperanza International, Dominican Republic
Creators: name: Salazar, Gabriela L.
name: Salazar, Gabriela L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This research considers default among borrowers of Esperanza International, a microfinance institution in the Dominican Republic. Though Esperanza holds high repayment rates, it is of value to examine the 3 to 5 percent of clients that have not had success with the program. If success is defined as repayment and can be correlated with socio‐economic characteristics, it may point towards the development of remedial programs and/or interventions. In coordination with organizational interests, this study examines 15,104 loans divided amongst 8,991 borrowers between April 2005 and October 2007. Default for each loan (defined as the failure to repay any quota for 120 days) is considered against gender, marital status, number of dependents, level of education, age, size of loan, type of microenterprise, and regional office. Results of a first linear regression indicate that regional office is most important among included variables. This is followed by education, gender, and marital status ‐ with women, those with less education, and those classified as cohabitating defaulting less often. A second linear regression indicates that an alternate categorical division of microenterprise does not improve the variable’s significance. Two final regressions consider default separately among borrowers that were and were not identified as Dominican‐Haitian. These results showed that Dominican‐Haitians defaulted least often when widowed or married, and defaulted most often at the Santo Domingo office. Overall these results call for further investigation, particularly into dissimilarities among Esperanza’s various branches.
Bayesian machine scientist to compare data collapses for the Nikuradse dataset
Creators: name: Reichardt, Ignasi
name: Sales-Pardo, Jordi Pallares Marta
name: Guimera, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ever since Nikuradse's experiments on turbulent friction in 1933, there have been theoretical attempts to describe his measurements by collapsing the data into single-variable functions. However, this approach, which is common in other areas of physics and in other fields, is limited by the lack of rigorous quantitative methods to compare alternative data collapses. Here, we address this limitation by using an unsupervised method to find analytic functions that optimally describe each of the data collapses for the Nikuradse dataset. By descaling these analytic functions, we show that a low dispersion of the scaled data does not guarantee that a data collapse is a good description of the original data. In fact, we find that, out of all the proposed data collapses, the original one proposed by Prandtl and Nikuradse over 80 years ago provides the best description of the data so far, and that it also agrees well with recent experimental data, provided that some model parameters are allowed to vary across experiments.
Quantum Information Processing and Entanglement in Solid State Devices
Creators: name: Kawabata, Shiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Control over electron-spin states, such as coherent manipulation, filtering and measurement promises access to new technologies in conventional as well as in quantum computation and quantum communication. In this paper, we review recent theoretical proposal of using electron spins in quantum confined structures as qubits. We also present a theoretical proposal for testing Bell's inequality in nano-electronics devices. We show that the entanglement of two electron spins can be detected in the spin filter effect in the nanostructure semiconductor / ferromagnetic semiconductor / semiconductor junction. In particular, we show how to test Bell's inequality via the measurement of the current-current correlation function in this setup.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Construction of re-screen results in a universal newborn hearing screening program : the discourses of parents and a screener
Creators: name: Poon, Brenda Tracy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Parents and a screener may formulate in different ways the meaning of screen results that are disclosed in a universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) program. The purpose of the present qualitative study was to examine how 5 parents and 1 screener who participated in 1 provincial UNHS program in Canada constructed meanings about screen results and also ways that the screening context may have influenced the development of constructed meanings. Sources of data were 14 interactions consisting of 4 videotaped parent-screener interactions and 10 individual, follow-up interviews between the researcher and each participant. One screener was selected in order to explore in-depth the inconsistencies and variation in accounts that just 1 screener could provide in various contexts where the screen results were discussed. Four of the 5 mothers had infants who had been referred from an initial stage of screening and passed the second stage of screening, whereas 1 mother had an infant who received a refer result at the second stage of screening and was subsequently diagnosed with a hearing loss. The language of the interactions was analyzed using a discourse analytic approach. The findings of the study included the following: 1) the screener's talk was predominant in each of the screening interactions and included a preponderance of yes-no questions, requests, and declarative statements; 2) parents initiated infrequently during screening interactions and asked few questions; and 3) the parents' and the screener's accounts of the screen results differed depending upon the social context of the interaction. Two social implications of these findings included the potential for some parents not to express their concerns about the screen results with the screener and also for parents and the screener to lack correspondence in their actions, both verbal and non-verbal. The present study has implications for examining the discourse of disclosure sessions between the screener and parents as collaborative and interactive opportunities for meaning construction. The adoption of more parent-centered as opposed to instrumental-focused approaches in the UNHS program may help to create a social context that is conducive to parents' expression of concerns and questions with the UNHS screener.
Employer Demand for College Graduates with High Grades
Creators: name: Griffin, Shea
name: Griffin, Shea
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: This study analyzes the preferred grade point average (GPA) that employers are looking for when hiring a college graduate. A survey was emailed to employers who recruit students from the College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources at Oklahoma State University. Previous research shows that employers primarily seek soft skills in college graduates, which are difficult to assess. Studies also show that GPA scores, which are easy to assess, are correlated with soft skills, which helps employers make an estimated guess as to whom the company would desire. The survey asks employers to undergo a simulated hiring decision where they must choose between different candidates with different GPA scores and salaries. Their simulated hiring decisions provide unique insights into employers’ preferences for grades among college graduates. Surprisingly, the results show a possible, but mild preference for 3.0 over 2.5 GPA scores, and that employers prefer a 2.5 GPA over a 3.5 GPA and higher. Additionally, larger employers placed greater emphasis on high grades.
Correlated Photon-Pair Emission from a Charged Single Quantum Dot
Creators: name: Ulrich, S. M.
name: Benyoucef, M.
name: Michler, P.
name: Baer, N.
name: Gartner, P.
name: Jahnke, F.
name: Schwab, M.
name: Kurtze, H.
name: Bayer, M.
name: Fafard, S.
name: Wasilewski, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical creation and recombination of charged biexciton and trion complexes in an (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dot is investigated by micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy. Photon cross-correlation measurements demonstrate the temporally correlated decay of charged biexciton and trion states. Our calculations provide strong evidence for radiative decay from the excited trion state which allows for a deeper insight into the spin configurations and their dynamics in these systems.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted for publication
A Grounded Theory on the Relation of Time Awareness and Perceived Valence
Creators: name: Ehret, Sonja
name: Trukenbrod, Anna K.
name: Gralla, Vera
name: Thomaschke, Roland
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170112 Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The subjective experience of time has many different facets. The present study focused on time awareness and its antipode timelessness as an expression of the extent one focuses on the passage of time. In an exploratory mixed-methods study, we investigated different extents of this time awareness and their relation to perceived valence of the environment, different states of consciousness, and strategies to cope with doing nothing. Thirty-three participants were tested for one hour or more with sitting and exploring as the within-subjects factor. For each condition, they stayed in one of two libraries characterized by their contemplative architecture. Then, participants answered quantitative questionnaires on their time experience and perceived valence and participated in a semi-structured interview. By means of grounded theory, we extracted four different types of time awareness from the qualitative data, of which three corresponded to the results of a cluster analysis on the dimensions of time awareness and perceived valence of the environment. In line with previous literature, we found relations between unpleasant high time awareness and boredom and pleasant low time awareness and flow. Additionally, the data revealed a pattern of high time awareness and positively perceived valence that was mainly experienced while sitting. Possible connections to states of consciousness such as relaxation, idleness, and a mindful attitude are outlined. Real-life settings, long durations, and level of activation are discussed as possible fostering factors for finding this pattern.
Non-extensive Random Matrix Theory - A Bridge Connecting Chaotic and Regular Dynamics
Creators: name: Abul-Magd, A. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a possible generalization of the random matrix theory, which involves the maximization of Tsallis' $q$-parametrized entropy. We discuss the dependence of the spacing distribution on $q$ using a non-extensive generalization of Wigner's surmises for ensembles belonging to the orthogonal, unitary and symplectic symmetry universal classes.
description: Accepted for publication in Physics Letters A
Table S6. from Social support, nutrition and health among women in rural Bangladesh: complex tradeoffs in allocare, kin proximity and support network size
Creators: name: Shenk, Mary K.
name: Morse, Anne Roback
name: Mattison, Siobhán M.
name: Sear, Rebecca
name: Alam, Nurul
name: Rubhana Raqib
name: Kumar, Anjan
name: Farjana Haque
name: Blumenfield, Tami
name: Shaver, John
name: Sosis, Richard
name: Wander, Katherine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Full multinomial logistic regression with iron replete as the base outcome (N=677); Iron deficiency defined as soluble transferrin receptor > 5.0 mg/L
The Profitability of Preconditioning Calves in Oklahoma Over 10 Years.
Creators: name: Johnson, Myriah
name: Johnson, Myriah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Cow‐calf operators continually look for more profitable ways to market their cattle. Some producers precondition their weaned calves, but many still wonder if this practice is profitable. A large amount of research has been done on this topic, but results can vary according to the geographic region. The objective of this study is to determine whether or not it was profitable to precondition weaning calves in Oklahoma for the 1997‐2006 time period. Bulk ingredient prices for a feed ration, Oklahoma market prices, and other data were gathered to evaluate the revenues and expenses for preconditioning in Oklahoma during 1997‐2006. Findings showed it was profitable to precondition calves in Oklahoma in nine out of the ten years studied.
Invisible Denizens: What Possibilities Are There Left Among Migrant Night Workers in the Nocturnal City of London?
Creators: name: Julius-Cezar MacQuarie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160104 Social and Cultural Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160303 Migration

description: The main theoretical contribution of this paper is to show that the transitional processes from circadian to post-circadian capitalist era have reduced capabilities for sociability of migrant night shift workers. It analyses the three main contributing factors to the corrosion of solidarity amongst migrant denizens: (a) the expansion of the working day into the night; (b) the major alterations of time over time, and the nurturing ground for these changes, (c) global cities, as the nurturing ground for occupational polarization.
Expansion of Ethanol Demand: Economic Implications for Indiana Corn Producers
Creators: name: Erickson, Matt
name: Erickson, Matt
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The United States significantly depends on petroleum imports. To reduce this reliance on foreign oil, ethanol production is increasing. Ethanol is a renewable fuel that can be derived from corn. In 2007, total corn acres planted in the United States were a record 92.9 million acres, a 19% increase from 2006. This research analyzed farmers’ perceptions and crop management adjustments in response to increased ethanol demand. A survey was mailed to 2000 Indiana farmers in August 2007. The objectives of the survey were to analyze farmers’ yield experiences from a continuous corn rotation, a corn/soybean rotation, and a corn/corn/soybean rotation plus compare their reported yields to agronomic university research results. Farmer’s responses indicate no statistically significant difference in corn yields between the three rotations, while university research indicates otherwise with lower yields for corn following corn as well as continuous corn relative to a traditional corn/soybean rotation. Respondents with higher gross incomes were responsible for most of the increase in corn acres in 2007. It was further found that mid‐career farmers were more likely to increase corn acres in response to the increased demand. However, educational attainment did not appear to influence acreage adjustments or yields.
The Relationship between Board Compensation and the Firm Value of the Farm Credit System
Creators: name: Rodgers, Chris
name: Rodgers, Chris
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: This project analyzed 82 annual financial reports (2006) of Agricultural Credit Associations which create the branches of Farm Credit Services. The goal of this research is to determine the impact additional board members and their level of compensation have on the effectiveness of ACA’s. The data collected shows evidence that a positive linear relationship between the compensation of the board of directors and the overall productivity of each firm exists. The results are based on the comparison of company assets, return on assets, liabilities, owner’s equity, return on equity, net income and total loans. These factors have been compared to the number of board meetings per year, the compensation of board members, and the size of the cooperative board. The key components in proving the hypothesis were board compensation, board size, total loans, and gender. A large percent of the associations follow the null hypothesis, which was first thought to be that there would be some connection between finances and board of director compensation.
The First Discovery of a Wide Binary Brown Dwarf
Creators: name: Luhman, K. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present observations of a new faint double, 2MASS J11011926-7732383AB, toward the Chamaeleon I star-forming region. From optical and near-infrared images of the pair, I measure a separation of 1.44" and extract RIJHK_s photometry of the components (I_A=17.21, dI=1.07, K_s A=11.97, dK_s=0.84). I use resolved optical spectroscopy to derive spectral types of M7.25 and M8.25 for the A and B components, respectively. Based on the strengths of gravity-sensitive features in these data, such as the Na I and K I absorption lines, I conclude that these objects are young members of Chamaeleon I rather than field stars. The probability that this pair is composed of unrelated late-type members of Chamaeleon I is low enough (~5x10^-5) to definitively establish it as a binary system. After estimating extinctions, effective temperatures, and bolometric luminosities for the binary components, I place them on the H-R diagram and infer their masses with the evolutionary models of Chabrier and Baraffe, arriving at substellar values of 0.05 and 0.025 M_sun. The projected angular separation of this system corresponds to 240 AU at the distance of Chamaeleon I, making it the first known binary brown dwarf with a separation greater than 20 AU. This demonstration that brown dwarfs can form in fragile, easily disrupted configurations is direct evidence that the formation of brown dwarfs does not require ejection from multiple systems or other dynamical effects. It remains possible that ejection plays a role in the formation of some brown dwarfs, but it is not an essential component according to these observations.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, The Astrophysical Journal, in press
Fast tomographic inspection of cylindrical objects
Creators: name: Goethals, Wannes
name: Heyndrickx, Marjolein
name: Boone, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a method for improved analysis of objects with an axial symmetry using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). Cylindrical coordinates about an axis fixed to the object form the most natural base to check certain characteristics of objects that contain such symmetry, as often occurs with industrial parts. The sampling grid corresponds with the object, allowing for down-sampling hence reducing the reconstruction time. This is necessary for in-line applications and fast quality inspection. With algebraic reconstruction it permits the use of a pre-computed initial volume perfectly suited to fit a series of scans where same-type objects can have different positions and orientations, as often encountered in an industrial setting. Weighted back-projection can also be included when some regions are more likely subject to change, to improve stability. Building on a Cartesian grid reconstruction code, the feasibility of reusing the existing ray-tracers is checked against other researches in the same field.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures. submitted to Journal Of Nondestructive Evaluation (https://www.springer.com/journal/10921)