Anthophora (Micranthophora) parkeri Orr & Pitts & Griswold 2018, SP. NOV.
Creators: name: Orr, Michael C.
name: Pitts, James P.
name: Griswold, Terry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Anthophora
Anthophora parkeri

description: Anthophora (Micranthophora) parkeri, SP. NOV.
(Figs. 41E, 46E, 51E, 56E, 61E, 66E, 71E, 76E)
Anthophora (Micranthophora) parkeri (holotype: ♂; Corn Springs Campground, 0.4 km ESE, Corn Springs Wash, California, USA; coll. M.C. Orr, 9 Apr. 2014, at Bebbia juncea; BBSL, BBSL920050 / HOLO106).
Verbatim: “ USA:CA Riverside Co. Corn Springs Campground, 0.4 km ESE; Corn Springs Wash N33.6244 W115.3216 9 Apr 2014 M.C. Orr Bebbia juncea BBSL920050” “ HOLOTYPE Anthophora parkeri male Orr BBSL920050.”
Diagnosis. Males may be determined by the following character combination: scutum shiny, with impunctate areas; basitibial plate present; T5–T6 lacking appressed setae; and T7 with strong medial longitudinal carina, lateral projections short and blunted, and medial projections broadly separated and narrowly rounded at apices (Fig. 61E). Females may be determined by the following character combination: facial maculations yellow; clypeal maculation an inverted-T that narrows gradually from rim to top of clypeus, almost triangular in shape (Fig. 41E); supraclypeal maculation almost always present, but form highly variable; scape immaculate; scutum shiny, with impunctate areas; T1–T5 covered with appressed setae; and anal fimbria light, tan to orangish.
Male description. Head: Facial maculations pale yellow. Galea reaching past rear of foretrochanter in repose; amber to light brown; weakly tessellate, with clear reflections. Mandible with inferior tooth ovular to weakly triangular, running roughly parallel to main blade; maculated from base to about middle of inferior tooth (Fig. 51E). Labral rim tridentate; fully maculated. Clypeal maculation a band, rarely reaching lateral sides, quite variably filling half or less of clypeal height medially (Fig. 51E); punctation only slightly sparser within maculation than without. Paraocular area almost always immaculate; slight mark if present. Supraclypeal area usually immaculate; at most with very minute maculation. Scape almost always maculated; quite variable in extent. Mesosoma: Scutum shiny; with distinct impunctate areas. Tegula transparent, clear to yellow-orange. Basitibial plate present; distinct. Metasoma: T1–T4 covered in appressed setae, uncommonly absent in narrow basal zones; T5–T6 without appressed setae. Terga moderately to weakly tessellate, often with some weak reflections; only sometimes apparent through appressed setae. Tergal rims relatively transparent, tan to light brown. Male T7 (Fig. 61E) with strong medial longitudinal carina, unobscured; lateral projections weakly recurved, blunt flanges; medial projections long, somewhat truncated apically. Male S5 (Figs. 38A, 38C) setal arrangement unremarkable, without large, distinctive patches, at most longer along rim. Male S6 (Fig. 38A) clearly medially emarginate. Male S7 (Fig. 66E) with setae fully banding S7 around midpoint of length; widening from midpoint to tip, apical half widest near rounded lateral tips; apical half vaguely resembling cat head, rim broadly emarginate between lateral tips. Male S8 (Fig. 71E) lateral projections distinct; medial projection narrowing to tip, apically emarginate. Male genital capsule (Fig. 76E) with outer corners, where gonocoxite tips curve inward, marked by obvious flange of about 90 degrees or greater, best seen in profile; from corner to apex, in profile, gonocoxite relatively unmodified, concave or straight; tip, in profile, weakly pointed and strongly curved ventrally; gonostylus tip position slightly exceeding that of gonocoxite, measured from above along primary axis of latter. Pubescence: See Fig. 56E. Appears light to medium gray overall. Setae white to off-white, except as follows: leg inner faces light orange; tergal basal zones dark if present.
Female similar to male, except: Head: Facial maculations often somewhat darker yellow. Galea often darker, medium brown; moderately tessellate, duller. Mandible with inferior tooth ridge-like, weakly angled off main blade (Fig. 41E). Clypeal maculation an inverted-T, usually reaching lateral sides, narrowing gradually from rim to top of clypeus, almost triangular in shape (Fig. 41E); punctation denser in upper half of maculation. Paraocular area almost always immaculate; slight dot if present. Supraclypeal maculation more often present; larger, typically transverse. Mesosoma: Midtibial spur apically curved; tan to orange. Basitibial plate circular distally, teardropped overall. Metasoma: T1–T4 covered in appressed setae; T5 with extensive appressed setae. Terga less tessellate, with stronger reflections; sometimes apparent through appressed setae. Tergal rims more transparent, tan to clear. T4 impunctate rim of short to moderate length medially, at most slightly triangular. Anal fimbria triangular, covering third to slightly under half of T5 length medially. Pubescence: See Fig. 46E. Vertex and scutum regularly with dark intermixing; hindbasitarsal brush orange to light brown; anal fimbria orangish.
Distribution. See Fig. 22. Present in USA: California, Arizona, Nevada; Mexico: Baja California Norte, likely Sonora. Found almost exclusively in Sonoran and Mojave Deserts. Ecoregional habitance is as follows, based on 265 specimen records: 4 ecoregions total: Sonoran Desert (154=56.9%), Mojave Desert (111=41.8%), California coastal sage and chaparral (1≤1%), California montane chaparral and woodlands (1≤1%).
Phenology. Recorded from March–July, October, almost exclusively spring, most common in April–May. Univoltine, single October record from Riverside County (CA) possibly mislabeled or opportunistic emergence.
Nesting biology. The first author has observed this species nesting in sandy washes four times. A fifth female has been observed trying, and failing, to excavate into a hard-packed road of silty/sandy composition. Further details on these new records will be presented in a subsequent review of the group’s nesting biology.
Floral specialization. Specialist on Asteraceae, plausibly narrowly specialized on Bebbia juncea. Primary recorded visits by 77 females include: Family Asteraceae (88%); Genus Bebbia (67%), Chaenactis (11%); Species Bebbia juncea (67%). 137 total floral records from eight families include: Asteraceae (53 ♂ 69 ♀): Bebbia juncea 30 ♂ 29 ♀, Bebbia sp. 22 ♀, Bidens pilosa 1 ♂, Chaenactis fremontii 1 ♀, Chaenactis sp. 3 ♂ 4 ♀, Chaenactis stevioides 4 ♀, Encelia farinosa 8 ♂, Encelia sp. 1 ♂, Geraea canescens 1 ♀, Malacothrix sp. 2 ♂, Palafoxia arida 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Palafoxia linearis 2 ♂ 4 ♀, Palafoxia sp. 1 ♂, Stephanomeria sp. 4 ♂ 1 ♀, Bignoniaceae (1 ♂): Chilopsis linearis 1 ♂, Boraginaceae (2 ♂ 1 ♀): Nama hispidum 1 ♀, Phacelia sp. 2 ♂, Fabaceae (2 ♂ 3 ♀): Dalea schottii 1 ♂, Dalea sp. 1 ♂, Dalea spinosa 1 ♀, Prosopis glandulosa 1 ♀, Psorothamnus schottii 1 ♀, Malvaceae (1 ♂ 3 ♀): Sphaeralcea sp. 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Nyctaginaceae (1 ♀): Abronia villosa 1 ♀, Onagraceae (1 ♀): Oenothera sp. 1 ♀, Polygonaceae (1 ♂): Eriogonum sp. 1 ♂.
Etymology. This species is named for F.D. Parker and his ever-efficient husband/assistant, T. McIntyre, whose expertly-placed pan traps likely control species’ abundance in the greater Palm Springs, CA area. This species was apparently first recognized by Timberlake, who gave it the unpublished name “vanduzeei.”
Comments. Unfortunately, the material for A. pachyodonta and A. parkeri were reversed in the reference collection MCO originally used for determinations, this confirmed by the types. Identifications prior to 2015 are suspect.
Paratypes: USA: CALIFORNIA: Riverside County: Box Canyon: 1 ♂, 27 Apr 1952, P.H. Timberlake (UCRC ENT); 1 ♀, 5 May 1966, J.C. Hall (UCRC ENT); Corn Springs Campground, 0.4 km ESE; Corn Springs Wash: 14 ♂ 4 ♀, 9 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; 2 ♂, 9 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; San Bernardino County: Dumont Dunes HP, 3.66 km NW; Dumont Dunes Rd: 1 ♀, 10 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; NEVADA: Clark County: Searchlight, 5 mi N: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3 May 1964, P. Torchio, G. Bohart.
Other specimens examined: MEXICO: Baja California Norte: San Felipe, 25 mi S: 1 ♂, 25 Mar 1976, T.L. Griswold. USA: ARIZONA: La Paz County: Midway; BM S280, nr: 1 ♂, 4 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 4 Apr 2014, T.L. Griswold; Quarzsite, 14mi S, Yuma: 1 ♂, 31 Mar 1968, R.M. Bohart; Maricopa County: Gila Bend, 15 mi S: 1 ♀, 21 Apr 1969, J.L. Petty; Gila Bend, 18 mi S: 1 ♂, 8 May 1965, M.A. Mortenson, J.M. Davidson, M.A. Cazier; Mohave County: Bill Williams River NWR; MSQ1: 1 ♀, 25 Apr 2013, M.C. Miner; Bill Williams River Wildlife Refuge: 1 ♀, 23 Jun 2013, M.C. Miner; Bullhead City: 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 2 Apr 1956, Butler, Werner; Cattail Cove, 9 mi N Parker Dam: 1 ♂, 7 Apr 1972, W. Apperson; Gold Spring, 9.1km S: 1 ♂ 9 ♀, 25 Mar 2016, T.L. Griswold; Henderson, 10 mi SE: 2 ♂, 21 Apr 1966, P.F. Torchio, R.W. Rust, N. Youssef; Lake Havasu City: 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 25 Mar 1967, G.E. Bohart, P.F. Torchio; Yuma County: 9.1 mi S Quartzsite [= 9.2]: 1 ♂, 27 Mar 1967, J.C. Hall; Dateland: 8 ♀, 12 Apr 1955, Butler, Werner; Ligurta: 1 ♀, 15 Apr 1973, J. Rozen; 1 ♂, date unknown, collector unknown; Quartzsite, 14 mi S: 1 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; Yuma: 1 ♀, 18 Mar 1957, W.L. Nutting; Yuma, 18mi N: 1 ♀, 17 Apr 1969, P. Torchio; CALIFORNIA: Imperial County: 3.5 miles NW Glamis, Kipf Road, Algodones Dunes: 1 ♀, 13 Apr 1968, L.O. Tejada; 1 ♂, 13 Apr 1968, P.A. Rauch; Black Mountain, 6 km NW; Black Mt Rd Black Mountain, 6 km NW; Black Mt Rd: 1 ♀, 14 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; Black Mountain, Chocolate Mountains: 3 ♀, 27 Apr 1980, Brown, Faulkner; Coyote Wells: 1 ♀, 18 Apr 1956, R.R. Snelling; Olgiby Road, 3 mi N of Indian Pass Road: 6 ♂, 21 Mar 1984, R.R. Snelling; Palo Verde: 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 1 Apr 1968, M.S. Wasbauer; 1 ♂, 1 Apr 1968, R.M. Bohart; 1 ♂, 1 Apr 1968, R.O. Schuster; Potholes: 1 ♂, date unknown, collector unknown; Inyo County: DEVA; Ashford Mills, 2.5 air km E; Abronia site: 1 ♀, 11 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Jubilee Pass, 3 air km W; hwy 178: 1 ♀, 1 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Jubilee Pass; hwy 178: 7 ♀, 26 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; 2 ♀, 11 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Panamint Springs, 9.4 air km E; hwy 190: 1 ♂, 12 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Shoshone, 3 air km NW; hwy 178: 1 ♀, 11 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Darwin Falls: 1 ♀, 21 May 1965, A.S. Menke; 1 ♀, 13 May 1979, collector unknown; Death Valley Junction, 10.5 km W; hwy 190: 1 ♂, 26 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; Death Valley National Park; Jubilee Pass: 1 ♀ 12 ♀, 13 Apr 2014, T.L. Griswold; Lee Flat, 3 mi W Blackrock Well: 1 ♂, 12 Jun 1978, T.L. Griswold; Panamint Springs, 15 mi S: 1 ♂, 28 Apr 1958, P.D. Hurd; 2 ♂, 28 Apr 1958, R.O. Schuster; Saline Valley: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 18 May 1995, T.L. Griswold; Saline Valley, S end: 2 ♂, 19 May 1995, T.L. Griswold; Riverside County: 1 mi W of Shaver's Well: 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1964, R.R. Snelling; 18 mi W Blythe [= 18.1 mi W Blythe, = 1 mi E Ford Dry Lake Road], Chuckwalla Valley: 1 ♀ 1 ♀, 13 Apr 1958, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 14 Apr 1958, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 16 Apr 1958, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 17 Apr 1958, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 8–19 Apr 1963, E.I. Schlinger; 19 mi W Blythe [= 19.4 mi W Blythe], Hopkins Well, Chuckwalla Valley: 3 ♀, 26 Mar 1967, J.C. Hall; 20 mi E Indio: 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1963, E.I. Schlinger; 22 mi W Blythe, Chuckwalla Valley: 1 ♀, 9 Oct 1963, E.I. Schlinger; 3.2 mi W of Corn Spring, Chuckwalla Mountains: 1 ♀, 7 Apr 1994, R.R. Snelling; Banning: 1 ♀, 2 Jul 1952, A.T. McClay; Biskra Palms: 1 ♀, 29 Mar 1957, E. Schlinger; Blythe, 18 mi W: 2 ♂, 2 Apr 1963, F.(do not use) Parker; 1 ♂, 24 Apr 1963, F.D. Parker, L.A. Stange; 2 ♂, 24 Apr 1963, M.E. Irwin; Blythe, 18 mi W; northern entrance: 1 ♂, 27 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; Blythe, 33 air km NW; Midland: 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 26 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; Box Canyon: 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1952, P.D. Hurd; Box Canyon, 3 mi E Mecca, Box Canyon Road, 12.3 mi S Jct Hwy 10, 2.4 mi NE jct of Painted Canyon Road, Mecca Hills: 1 ♀, 27 Apr 1952, P.H. Timberlake; Box Canyon, Mecca Hills: 1 ♂, 5 Apr 1966, F.G. Andrews; 1 ♀, 5 Apr 1966, J.C. Hall; Carrizo Creek, Santa Rosa Mountains: 1 ♀, 4 Apr 1963, E.I. Schlinger; Cathedral City: 1 ♂, Apr 1936, W.P. Cockerell; Corn Springs Campground, 0.4 km ESE; Corn Springs Wash: 1 ♂, 7 May 2012, M.C. Orr; 2 ♂, 9 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Desert Center, 19.7 km NE; hwy 177: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 9 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Edom, Coachella Valley: 1 ♀, 7 Apr 1936, P.H. Timberlake; Joshua Tree National Park; Cottonwood Wash, S end: 2 ♂, 24 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; Joshua Tree National Park; South Entrance; i15, 1.8 air km N: 3 ♀, 24 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; McCoy Spring: 1 ♀, 8 Apr 1963, J.C. Hall; Mecca, 14.7 air km WSW; Box Canyon: 1 ♀, 12 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; Morongo Pass, 1 mi N jct Indian Ave & Hwy 62: 1 ♂, 3 May 1969, B. Hunt; Painted Canyon, near Mecca: 1 ♀, 27 Apr 1980, D.K. Faulkner; Palm Springs: 1 ♂, 11–26 Apr 2011, F.D. Parker, T. McIntyre; Palo Verde, 13 km NW; Bradshaw Trail: 1 ♂ 4 ♀, 15 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; Palo Verde, 20.3 km SSW; Milpitas Wash: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Thousand Palms: 1 ♂, 2 Apr 1966, R.M. Bohart; 1 ♀, 27 Apr 1967, G. Stage; Thousand Palms (= 1000 Palms), Coachella Valley: 1 ♂, 10 Apr 1937, P.H. Timberlake; Tipton Road, opposite Windy Point, 5 mi NW Palm Springs: 2 ♀, 23 Apr 1935, P.H. Timberlake; unspecified, Riverside County: 1 ♀, 25 Apr 1936, F. Platt; San Bernardino County: 29 Palms, 6 mi N, Mesquite Springs rd, sand dunes: 1 ♂, 14 May 1981, K.W. Cooper; Afton Canyon, Mojave River Wash, between Cady Mountains and Cave Mountain: 1 ♂, 4 May 1969, D.E. Bixler; Goffs: 1 ♂, 26 Apr 1968, R.P. Allen; Halloran Springs: 1 ♀, 7 May 1977, N.J. Smith; Joshua Tree: 11 ♂ 1 ♀, 26 May 1975, T.L. Griswold; Kelso: 1 ♂, 7 May 1977, R.W. Brooks; Kelso, 10 km N: 1 ♂, 2 May 1990, collector unknown; Mesquite Springs, Twentynine Palms: 1 ♂, 22 May 1998, K.W. Cooper; Needles: 1 ♀, 17 Apr 1967, P.F. Torchio, N. Youssef; Needles, 30 mi S: 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 14 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; S of Avawatz Mountains, Mohave Desert: 1 ♀, 30 Apr 1927, P.H. Timberlake; Searchlight, 30 mi S: 1 ♂, 26 Apr 1966, P.F. Torchio, R.W. Rust, N. Youssef; Sheep Hole Summit, 23 mi S Amboy: 1 ♂, 25 May 1975, T.L. Griswold; Turtle Mountain rd, 38 km S Needles: 5 ♀ 1 ♀, 22 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; Willow Wash: 1 ♀, 10 May 1978, T.L. Griswold; Winston Wash: 1 ♀, 13 Jun 1980, T.L. Griswold; Yermo, 10 m E: 1 ♀, 1 May 1993, P.F. Torchio, D.M. Torchio; San Diego County: Borrego: 1 ♂, 25 Apr 1955, M.S. Wasbauer; 1 ♂, 25 Apr 1955, P.D. Hurd; Borrego (= Borego), Borrego Valley (= Borego Valley): 1 ♀, 26 Mar 1933, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 5 Apr 1940, R.M. Bohart; 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1955, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♂, 29 Apr 1955, P.H. Timberlake; Borrego Valley: 1 ♀, 29 Apr 1961, collector unknown; NEVADA: Clark County: 3 mi E Arden: 1 ♂, 6 Jun 1941, P.H. Timberlake; 30 mi S of Searchlight: 1 ♂, 26 Apr 1966, collector unknown; 5 mi N of Searchlight: 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 3 May 1964, collector unknown; Eldorado Cyn, 0.39 mi N: 1 ♂, 2 May 2005, R. Andrus; Glendale, 32 mi SE: 1 ♀, 1 May 1986, P.F. & D.M. Torchio; Juanita Springs Ranch: 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 12–14 May 1984, F.D. Parker; 1 ♀, 13 May 1984, F.D. Parker; Las Vegas, 6 mi S: 1 ♂, 19 Apr 1969, P.F. Torchio; Logandale: 1 ♂, 19 May 1984, F.D. Parker; Nelsons Landing: 1 ♂, 13 Apr 2005, R. Andrus; 1 ♂, 2 May 2005, R. Andrus; Riverside: 1 ♀, 16 May 1984, F.D. Parker; Riverside, 11.0 km SSW; New Gold Butte Rd: 2 ♀, 16 May 2012, M.C. Orr; 2 ♀, 24 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; Riverside, 6 km SW; New Gold Butte Rd.: 1 ♀, 16 May 2012, M.C. Orr; Searchlight: 1 ♀, 3 May 1964, P. Torchio, G. Bohart; Searchlight, 10 mi S: 1 ♂ 4 ♀, 3 May 1964, P.F. Torchio, G.E. Bohart; Searchlight, 5 mi N: 9 ♂ 4 ♀, 3 May 1964, P.F. Torchio, G.E. Bohart; St. Thomas Gap: 1 ♂, 7 Jun 1998, T.L. Griswold.
description: Published as part of Orr, Michael C., Pitts, James P. & Griswold, Terry, 2018, Revision of the bee group Anthophora (Micranthophora) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with notes on potential conservation concerns and a molecular phylogeny of the genus, pp. 1-193 in Zootaxa 4511 (1) on pages 89-91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4511.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3770979