cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of mGlu1-receptor blockade on ethanol self-administration in inbred alcohol-preferring rats
Creators: name: Besheer, J.
name: Hodge, C. W.
name: Faccidomo, S.
name: Grondin, J. J.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The Group I family of metabotropic glutamate receptors includes subtype 1 (mGlu1) and subtype 5 (mGlu5) receptors. This family of receptors has generated interest as potential targets for different areas of therapeutic development, including intervention for alcohol and drug abuse. Most of this interest is driven by findings showing involvement of mGlu5 receptors in the regulation of drug self-administration; however, studies examining the role of mGlu1 receptors in drug self-administration are limited. The purpose of this work was to examine the role of mGlu1 receptor antagonism in the maintenance of ethanol self-administration and the self-administration of an alternate non-drug reward, sucrose. Male alcohol-preferring inbred (iP) rats were trained to self-administer ethanol (15% v/v) vs. water on a concurrent schedule of reinforcement, and the effect of the mGlu1 receptor antagonist JNJ16259685 (0.1 - 1.0 mg/kg IP) was evaluated on self-administration. The rats were then trained to self-administer sucrose (0.4% w/v) vs. water, and the same dose range of JNJ16259685 was tested. Locomotor activity was tested in a separate assessment to evaluate potential non-specific motor effects of the antagonist. Ethanol self-administration was dose-dependently reduced by JNJ16259685. This reduction was likely due to a motor impairment as the lowest effective dose (0.1 mg/kg) significantly reduced locomotor behavior. Sucrose self-administration was reduced by the highest JNJ16259685 dose (1.0 mg/kg), and this reduction was also likely due to a motor impairment. Interestingly, ethanol self-administration was more sensitive to mGlu1 receptor antagonism than sucrose self-administration as lower JNJ16259685 doses reduced ethanol reinforced-responding and motor behavior. Together these results suggest that mGlu1 receptors do not play a specific role in modulating ethanol self-administration, or the self-administration of an alternate non-drug reward (i.e., sucrose).
(100964) Tabitha Courtney
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Empirical description of beta-delayed fission partial half-lives
Creators: name: Ghys, L.
name: Andreyev, AN.
name: Antalic, S.
name: Huyse, M.
name: Van Duppen, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: The process of beta-delayed fission (bDF) provides a versatile tool to study low-energy fission in nuclei far away from the beta-stability line, especially for nuclei which do not fission spontaneously. Purpose: The aim of this paper is to investigate systematic trends in bDF partial half-lives. Method: A semi-phenomenological framework was developed to systematically account for the behavior of bDF partial half-lives. Results: The bDF partial half-life appears to exponentially depend on the difference between the Q value for beta decay of the parent nucleus and the fission-barrier energy of the daughter (after beta decay) product. Such dependence was found to arise naturally from some simple theoretical considerations. Conclusions: This systematic trend was confirmed for experimental bDF partial half-lives spanning over 7 orders of magnitudes when using fission barriers calculated from either the Thomas-Fermi or the liquid-drop fission model. The same dependence was also observed, although less pronounced, when comparing to fission barriers from the finite-range liquid-drop model or the Thomas-Fermi plus Strutinsky Integral method.
description: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C
The Effects of Acute and Chronic Ethanol Exposure on Presynaptic and Postsynaptic GABAA Receptor Function in Cultured Cortical and Hippocampal Neurons
Creators: name: Manis, Paul B.
name: Fleming, Rebekah L.
name: Morrow, A. Leslie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Decades after ethanol was first described as a GABA mimetic, the precise mechanisms that produce the acute effects of ethanol and the physiological adaptations that underlie ethanol tolerance and dependence remain unclear. While a substantial body of evidence suggests that ethanol acts on GABAergic neurotransmission to enhance inhibition in the CNS, the precise mechanisms underlying the physiological effects of both acute and chronic ethanol exposure are still under investigation. We have used in vitro ethanol exposure followed by recording of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) to determine whether acute or chronic ethanol exposure directly alters synaptic GABAA receptor function or GABA release in cultured cortical and hippocampal neurons. Acute ethanol exposure slightly increased the duration of mIPSCs in hippocampal neurons but did not alter mIPSC kinetics in cortical neurons. Acute ethanol exposure did not change mIPSC frequency in either hippocampal or cortical neurons. One day of chronic ethanol exposure produced a transient decrease in mIPSC duration in cortical neurons but did not alter mIPSC kinetics in hippocampal neurons. Chronic ethanol exposure did not change mIPSC frequency in either hippocampal or cortical neurons. Chronic ethanol exposure also did not produce substantial cross-tolerance to a benzodiazepine in either hippocampal or cortical neurons. The results suggest that ethanol exposure in vitro has limited effects on synaptic GABAAR function and action-potential independent GABA release in cultured neurons and suggests that ethanol exposure in cultured cortical and hippocampal neurons may not reproduce all of the effects that occur in vivo and in acute brain slices.
Separators of Ideals in Multiplicative Semigroups of Unique Factorization Domains
Creators: name: Nagy, Attila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M14, 11A05, 11A07, 13G05, 11R04

description: In this paper we show that if $I$ is an ideal of a commutative semigroup $C$ such that the separator $SepI$ of $I$ is not empty then the factor semigroup $S=C/P_I$ ($P_I$ is the principal congruence on $C$ defined by $I$) satisfies Condition $(*)$: $S$ is a commutative monoid with a zero; The annihilator $A(s)$ of every non identity element $s$ of $S$ contains a non zero element of $S$; $A(s)=A(t)$ implies $s=t$ for every $s, t\in S$. Conversely, if $α$ is a congruence on a commutative semigroup $C$ such that the factor semigroup $S=C/α$ satisfies Condition $(*)$ then there is an ideal $I$ of $C$ such that $α=P_I$. Using this result for the multiplicative semigroup $D_{mult}$ of a unique factorization domain $D$, we show that $P_{J(m)}=τ_m$ for every nonzero element $m\in D$, where $J(m)$ denotes the ideal of $D$ generated by $m$, and $τ_m$ is the relation on $D$ defined by $(a, b)\in τ_m$ if and only if $gcd(a, m)\sim gcd(b, m)$ ($\sim$ is the associate congruence on $D_{mult}$). We also show that if $a$ is a nonzero element of a unique factorization domain $D$ then $d(a)=|D'/P_{J([a])}|$, where $d(a)$ denotes the number of all non associated divisors of $a$, $D'=D/\sim$, and $[a]$ denotes the $\sim$-class of $D_{mult}$ containing $a$. As an other application, we show that if $d$ is one of the integers $-1$, $-2$, $-3$, $-7$, $-11$, $-19$, $-43$, $-67$, $-163$ then, for every nonzero ideal $I$ of the ring $R$ of all algebraic integers of an imaginary quadratic number field ${\mathbb Q}[\sqrt d]$, there is a nonzero element $m$ of $R$ such that $P_I=τ_m$.
description: 16 pages
title: Impact of synthesised 2D mammography (C-view) in screening programme in the healthcare area of Toledo (Spain)
Creators: name: ROMERO CASTELLANO, CRISTINA
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Mammography
subject: Screening
subject: Statistics
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Breast Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Castilla-La Mancha (CLM) Spain. In 2013 there were 243 deaths due to breast cancer: • 2.8% of all deaths in women • 13.8% of deaths due to tumors in women It is the tumor with the highest...
title: Unnecessary exposure as consequence of the bad practice of warming-up the CT X-ray tube in the presence of patient
Creators: name: Kostova-Lefterova, Desislava
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Radiation physics
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Paediatric
subject: CT
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Physics
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Kv imaging
subject: Image verification

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: A survey was performed in order to investigate a statement proposed by some service engineers that during the emergency warm-up of the X-ray tube of a CT, the patient can be left within the CT gantry. They claim that the warm-up is implemented with...
Additional file 1 of The challenges and gains of delivering a home-exercise intervention: a qualitative study of physiotherapists and physiotherapy assistants
Creators: name: Barker, Karen L.
name: Room, Jon
name: Toye, Francine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary file. SRQR Equator standards for reporting qualitative research [3].
title: Role of CT-virtopsy evaluation in detection of bone fractures or malformation, aiming at body recognition
Creators: name: Di Piazza, Ambra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Forensic / Necropsy studies
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Trauma
subject: CT
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Forensics
subject: Eating disorders
subject: Trauma

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Questions asked to post-mortem imaging are several and very different. Regarding bones, an analysis of malformations and fractures to the skeleton could be useful in the victim's identification. The objectives of this study are to identify the...
Faddeev-Jackiw quantization and the path integral
Creators: name: Toms, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method for quantization of constrained theories that was suggested originally by Faddeev and Jackiw along with later modifications is discussed. The particular emphasis of this paper is to show how it is simple to implement their method within the path integral framework using the natural geometric structure that their method utilizes. The procedure is exemplified with the analysis of two models: a quantum mechanical particle constrained to a surface (of which the hypersphere is a special case), and a quantized Schrödinger field interacting with a quantized vector field for both the massive and the massless cases. The results are shown to agree with what is found using the Dirac method for constrained path integrals. We comment on a previous path integral analysis of the Faddeev-Jackiw method. We also discuss why a previous criticism of the Faddeev-Jackiw method is unfounded and why suggested modifications of their method are unnecessary.
(100962) William Edward Courtney
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The physical drivers of gas turbulence in simulated disc galaxies
Creators: name: Jiménez, Esteban
name: Lagos, Claudia del P.
name: Ludlow, Aaron D.
name: Wisnioski, Emily
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the EAGLE cosmological simulations to study the evolution of the vertical velocity dispersion of cold gas, $σ_{z}$, in central disc galaxies and its connection to stellar feedback, gravitational instabilities, cosmological gas accretion and galaxy mergers. To isolate the impact of feedback, we analyse runs that turn off stellar and (or) AGN feedback in addition to a run that includes both. The evolution of $σ_z$ and its dependence on stellar mass and star formation rate in EAGLE are in good agreement with observations. Galaxies hosted by haloes of similar virial mass, $\rm M_{200}$, have similar $σ_z$ values even in runs where feedback is absent. The prevalence of local instabilities in discs is uncorrelated with $σ_z$ at low redshift and becomes only weakly correlated at high redshifts and in galaxies hosted by massive haloes. $σ_z$ correlates most strongly with the specific gas accretion rate onto the disc as well as with the degree of misalignment between the inflowing gas and the disc's rotation axis. These correlations are significant across all redshifts and halo masses, with misaligned accretion being the primary driver of high gas turbulence at redshifts $z \lesssim 1$ and for halo masses $\rm M_{200} \lesssim 10^{11.5} M_{\odot}$. Galaxy mergers increase $σ_z$, but because they are rare in our sample, they play only a minor role in its evolution. Our results suggest that the turbulence of cold gas in EAGLE discs results from a complex interplay of different physical processes whose relative importance depends on halo mass and redshift.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations with singular diffusivity and gradient Stratonovich noise
Creators: name: Ciotir, Ioana
name: Tölle, Jonas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K55, 35K92, 60H15 (Primary), 49J40, 49J45, 60H25 (Secondary)

description: We study existence and uniqueness of a variational solution in terms of stochastic variational inequalities (SVI) to stochastic nonlinear diffusion equations with a highly singular diffusivity term and multiplicative Stratonovich gradient-type noise. We derive a commutator relation for the unbounded noise coefficients in terms of a geometric Killing vector condition. The drift term is given by the total variation flow, respectively, by a singular $p$-Laplace-type operator. We impose nonlinear zero Neumann boundary conditions and precisely investigate their connection with the coefficient fields of the noise. This solves an open problem posed in [Barbu, Brzeźniak, Hausenblas, Tubaro; Stoch. Proc. Appl., 123 (2013)] and [Barbu, Röckner; J. Eur. Math. Soc., 17 (2015)].
description: 23 pages, 54 references, to appear in Journal of Functional Analysis
The role of neuroactive steroids in ethanol/stress interactions: proceedings of symposium VII at the Volterra conference on alcohol and stress, May 2008
Creators: name: Lopez, Marcelo F.
name: Alward, Sarah E.
name: O'Buckley, Todd K.
name: Becker, Howard C.
name: Porcu, Patrizia
name: Morrow, A. Leslie
name: Serra, Mariangela
name: Biggio, Giovanni
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: This report summarizes the proceedings of the symposium VII on the role of neuroactive steroids in stress/alcohol interactions. The production of GABAergic neuroactive steroids, including (3α,5α)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one (3α,5α-THP) and (3α,5α)-3,21-dihydroxypregnan-20-one (3α,5α-THDOC) is a consequence of both acute stress and acute ethanol exposure. Acute, but not chronic ethanol administration elevates brain levels of these steroids and enhances GABAA receptor activity. Neuroactive steroids modulate acute anticonvulsant effects, sedation, spatial memory impairment, anxiolytic-like, antidepressant-like and reinforcing properties of ethanol in rodents. Furthermore, these steroids participate in the homeostatic regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Therefore, it is not surprising that neuroactive steroids are involved in ethanol/stress interactions. Nevertheless, the interactions are complex and not well understood. This symposium addressed the role of neuroactive steroids in both stress and alcohol responses and their interactions. Professor Giovanni Biggio of the University of Cagliari, Italy presented the effects of juvenile isolation stress on neuroactive steroids, GABAA receptor expression and ethanol sensitivity. Professor Howard Becker of the Medical University of South Carolina, USA presented evidence for neuroactive steroid involvement in ethanol dependence and drinking behavior. Professor Patrizia Porcu of the University of North Carolina, USA described a potential neuroactive steroid biomarker that may predict heavy drinking in monkeys and mice. These presentations provide a framework for new theories on the nature of ethanol/stress interactions that may be amenable to therapeutic interventions.
Contrastive Learning from Probabilistic Maps for Cytoarchitectonic Classification of the Cortex
Creators: name: Schiffer, Christian
name: Amunts, Katrin
name: Dickscheid, Timo
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: Organization for Human Brain Mapping, OHBM, Montréal, Germany, 22 Jul 2023 - 26 Jul 2023
Assessment of the interoceptive effects of alcohol in rats using short-term training procedures
Creators: name: Fisher, Kristen R.
name: Besheer, Joyce
name: Durant, Brandon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: In the present study, we sought to determine whether the interoceptive effects of alcohol (1 g/kg, IG) could be assessed using a Pavlovian discrimination method, in which the alcohol drug state sets the occasion for which an environmental stimulus (e.g., light) will be followed by a sucrose reward. This procedure takes advantage of a naturally occurring behavior (i.e., food-seeking) which can be trained rapidly prior to the initiation of discrimination training. Given that the interoceptive effects of alcohol are routinely assessed using operant drug discrimination methods, another group of rats was trained using standard two-lever operant drug discrimination procedures in an effort to compare the Pavlovian procedure to a known behavioral benchmark. The results from this work show that, in addition to operant discrimination procedures, a Pavlovian discrimination task can be used to evaluate the interoceptive effects of alcohol. In addition to the brief behavioral sucrose access training (3 days) required prior to the initiation of the Pavlovian discrimination, the alcohol discrimination was acquired relatively rapidly (i.e., 8 training sessions), shortening the overall duration of the experiment. These features of the Pavlovian procedure make it a valuable method by which to assess the interoceptive effects of alcohol if a short experimental time frame is required, such as assessing the interoceptive effects of alcohol during a brief developmental window (e.g., adolescence) or determining the effects of a pretreatment (i.e., chronic stress, chronic drug pretreatment) on the acquisition of the alcohol discrimination. As such, this initial characterization confirms the feasibility of using this Pavlovian discrimination training method as an additional tool by which to assess the interoceptive effects of alcohol, as there may be experimental situations that necessitate short term discrimination training.
Baseline trajectories of heavy drinking and their effects on postrandomization drinking in the COMBINE Study: empirically derived predictors of drinking outcomes during treatment
Creators: name: Rounsaville, Bruce James
name: Donovan, Dennis
name: Wu, Ran
name: O'Malley, Stephanie Samples
name: Gueorguieva, Ralitza
name: Krystal, John Harrison
name: Couper, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The COMBINE Study sought to answer questions about the benefits of combining behavioral and pharmacological interventions (naltrexone and acamprosate) in alcohol-dependent patients. Our goals were to identify trajectories of heavy drinking prior to randomization in COMBINE, to characterize subjects in these trajectories, and to assess whether pre-randomization trajectories predict drinking outcomes. We analyzed daily indicators of heavy drinking in 90 days prior to randomization using a trajectory-based approach. Each subject was assigned to the most-likely pre-randomization heavy drinking trajectory, and the baseline characteristics of participants in the baseline trajectories were compared. Main and interactive effects of these trajectories and treatment factors (acamprosate, naltrexone or CBI) on summary drinking measures during active treatment (16 weeks) were assessed. We identified five trajectories of heavy drinking pre-randomization: “T1: frequent heavy drinkers”, “T2: very frequent heavy drinkers”, “T3: nearly daily heavy drinkers”, “T4: daily heavy drinkers” and “T5: daily heavy drinkers stopping early” prior to randomization. Trajectory membership was significantly associated with all drinking outcomes. Subjects in “T5: daily heavy drinkers stopping early” had comparable drinking outcomes to the subjects in “T1: frequent heavy drinkers” while the remaining trajectories were associated with significantly worse outcomes. Baseline trajectory did not interact significantly with treatment condition. These exploratory analyses confirmed the hypothesis that baseline trajectories predict post-randomization drinking outcomes. Interestingly, “T5: daily heavy drinkers stopping early” had outcomes that were comparable to the least severe baseline trajectory “T1: frequent heavy drinkers” and baseline trajectories of heavy drinking did not moderate treatment effects.
Strong support for the millisecond pulsar origin of the Galactic center GeV excess
Creators: name: Bartels, Richard
name: Krishnamurthy, Suraj
name: Weniger, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using gamma-ray data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope, various groups have identified a clear excess emission in the Inner Galaxy, at energies around a few GeV. This excess resembles remarkably well a signal from dark-matter annihilation. One of the most compelling astrophysical interpretations is that the excess is caused by the combined effect of a previously undetected population of dim gamma-ray sources. Because of their spectral similarity, the best candidates are millisecond pulsars. Here, we search for this hypothetical source population, using a novel approach based on wavelet decomposition of the gamma-ray sky and the statistics of Gaussian random fields. Using almost seven years of Fermi-LAT data, we detect a clustering of photons as predicted for the hypothetical population of millisecond pulsar, with a statistical significance of 10.0 sigma. For plausible values of the luminosity function, this population explains 100% of the observed excess emission. We argue that other extragalactic or Galactic sources, a mismodeling of Galactic diffuse emission, or the thick-disk population of pulsars are unlikely to account for this observation.
description: 6+10 pages, 3+10 figures, 1 table; v2 updated to pass 8 Fermi data, additional supplemental material with extended discussion (conclusions unchanged); v3 matches PRL version with further checks (conclusions unchanged)
Additional file 2 of The challenges and gains of delivering a home-exercise intervention: a qualitative study of physiotherapists and physiotherapy assistants
Creators: name: Barker, Karen L.
name: Room, Jon
name: Toye, Francine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. CORKA interview outline questions.
title: Tube endograft for the treatment of infrarenal aortic focal lesions
Creators: name: Padron Encalada, Carol
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Outcomes analysis

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Infrarenal aortic focal lesions are an infrequent pathology. This includes penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) that may be complicated by aortic intramural hematoma (IMH), adventitial pseudoaneurysm formation, or aortic rupture (1). When PAUs...
Postnatal day 7 ethanol treatment causes persistent reductions in adult mouse brain volume and cortical neurons with sex specific effects on neurogenesis
Creators: name: Styner, Martin
name: Coleman, Leon G.
name: Oguz, Ipek
name: Lee, Joohwi
name: Crews, Fulton T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Ethanol treatment on postnatal day seven (P7) causes robust brain cell death and is a model of late gestational alcohol exposure (Ikonomidou et al., 2000). To investigate the long-term effects of P7 ethanol treatment on adult brain, mice received either two doses of saline or ethanol on P7 (2.5g/kg, s.c., 2 hours apart) and were assessed as adults (P82) for brain volume (using postmortem MRI) and cellular architecture (using immunohistochemistry). Adult mice that received P7 ethanol had reduced MRI total brain volume (4%) with multiple brain regions being reduced in both males and females. Immunohistochemistry indicated reduced frontal cortical parvalbumin immunoreactive (PV+IR) interneurons (18-33%) and reduced Cux1+IR layer II pyramidal neurons (15%) in both sexes. Interestingly, markers of adult hippocampal neurogenesis differed between sexes, with only ethanol treated males showing increased doublecortin and Ki67 expression (52 and 57% respectively) in the dentate gyrus, consistent with increased neurogenesis compared to controls. These findings suggest that P7 ethanol treatment causes persistent reductions in adult brain volume and frontal cortical neurons in both males and females. Increased adult neurogenesis in males, but not females, is consistent with differential adaptive responses to P7 ethanol toxicity between the sexes. One day of ethanol exposure, e.g. P7, causes persistent adult brain dysmorphology.
Autophony: listening to your eyes move
Creators: name: Harris, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Autophony

description: Published June 22, 2015, as part of the Ethnographic Case series in Somatosphere (http://somatosphere.net/ethnographiccase - full link: http://somatosphere.net/2015/06/autophony-listening-to-your-eyes-move.html) and 2017 as part of the Open Access book The Ethnographic Case edited by Emily Yates-Doerr and Christine Labuski published by Mattering Press (https://www.matteringpress.org/books/the-ethnographic-case).
openMINDS SANDS: A metadata model for ontology-based brain atlas definitions in graph databases
Creators: name: Zehl, Lyuba
name: Schlegel, Ulrike
name: Gillespie, Tom H.
name: Kleven, Heidi
name: Schmid, Oliver
name: Köhnen, Stefan
name: Bjaalie, Jan G.
name: Amunts, Katrin
name: Leergaard, Trygve B.
name: Dickscheid, Timo
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: Organization for Human Brain Mapping, OHBM, Montréal, Canada, 22 Jul 2023 - 26 Jul 2023
(100963) Edward Courtney
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Emergence of hydrodynamic spatial long-range correlations in nonequilibrium many-body systems
Creators: name: Doyon, Benjamin
name: Perfetto, Gabriele
name: Sasamoto, Tomohiro
name: Yoshimura, Takato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At large scales of space and time, the nonequilibrium dynamics of local observables in extensive many-body systems is well described by hydrodynamics. At the Euler scale, one assumes that each mesoscopic region independently reaches a state of maximal entropy under the constraints given by the available conservation laws. Away from phase transitions, maximal entropy states show exponential correlation decay, and independence of fluid cells might be assumed to subsist during the course of time evolution. We show that this picture is incorrect: under ballistic scaling, regions separated by macroscopic distances develop long-range correlations as time passes. These correlations take a universal form that only depends on the Euler hydrodynamics of the model. They are rooted in the large-scale motion of interacting fluid modes, and are the dominant long-range correlations developing in time from long-wavelength, entropy-maximised states. They require the presence of interaction and at least two different fluid modes, and are of a fundamentally different nature from well-known long-range correlations occurring from diffusive spreading or from quasi-particle excitations produced in far-from-equilibrium quenches. We provide a universal theoretical framework to exactly evaluate them, an adaptation of the macroscopic fluctuation theory to the Euler scale. We verify our exact predictions in the hard-rod gas, by comparing with numerical simulations and finding excellent agreement.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
(100965) Samuel Dunn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Frequency of malignancy of posterior acoustic shadow without associated nodule in breast ultrasound screening: our experience
Creators: name: Bárcenas, Mirelle
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Ultrasound
subject: PACS
subject: Biopsy
subject: Cancer
subject: Dysplasias

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Breast ultrasound has become an indispensable tool in the evaluation of breast lesions, although it may also play many different roles in breast imaging, as in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (1) . It is a commonly accepted and reliable...
The role of biogenic amine signaling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminals in alcohol abuse
Creators: name: Kash, Thomas Louis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that stress and anxiety can influence the development of alcohol use disorders. This influence is believed to be due in part to persistent adaptations in discrete brain regions that underlie stress responsivity. One structure that has been proposed to be a site of important neuroadaptations underlying this behavior is the extended amygdala. The extended amygdala is a series of extensively inter-connected limbic structures including the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). These structures are critical regulators of behavioral and physiological activation associated with anxiety. Additionally, numerous reports have suggested that these regions are involved in increased drinking behavior associated with chronic alcohol exposure and withdrawal. The focus of this review will be to discuss the role of the BNST in regulation of behavior, to provide some insight in to the circuitry of the BNST, and to discuss the actions of the biogenic amines, serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine, in the BNST.
The effect of a reversible shear transformation on plastic deformation of an amorphous solid
Creators: name: Priezjev, Nikolai V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the plastic response of a model glass to a local shear transformation in a quiescent system. The deformation of the material is induced by a spherical inclusion that is gradually strained into an ellipsoid of the same volume and then reverted back into the sphere. We show that the number of cage-breaking events increases with increasing strain amplitude of the shear transformation. The results of numerical simulations indicate that the density of cage jumps is larger in the cases of weak damping or slow shear transformation. Remarkably, we also found that, for a given strain amplitude, the peak value of the density profiles is a function of the ratio of the damping coefficient and the time scale of the shear transformation.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Urocortins: CRF's siblings and their potential role in anxiety, depression and alcohol drinking behavior
Creators: name: Neufeld-Cohen, Adi
name: Tsoory, Michael M.
name: Chen, Alon
name: Thiele, Todd E.
name: Kaur, Simranjit
name: Giardino, William J.
name: Kozicz, Tamas
name: Ryabinin, Andrey E.
name: Lowery-Gionta, Emily G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: It is widely accepted that stress, anxiety, depression and alcohol abuse-related disorders are in large part controlled by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors. However, evidence is accumulating that some of the actions on these receptors are mediated not by CRF, but by a family of related Urocortin (Ucn) peptides Ucn1, Ucn2 and Ucn3. The initial narrow focus on CRF as the potential main player acting on CRF receptors appears outdated. Instead it is suggested that CRF and the individual Ucns act in a complementary and brain region-specific fashion to regulate anxiety-related behaviors and alcohol consumption. This review, based on a symposium held in 2011 at the research meeting on “Alcoholism and Stress” in Volterra, Italy, highlights recent evidence for regulation of these behaviors by Ucns. In studies on stress and anxiety, the roles of Ucns, and in particular Ucn1, appear more visible in experiments analyzing adaptation to stressors rather than testing basal anxiety states. Based on these studies, we propose that the contribution of Ucn1 to regulating mood follows a U-like pattern with both high and low activity of Ucn1 contributing to high anxiety states. In studies on alcohol use disorders, the CRF system appears to regulate not only dependence-induced drinking, but also binge drinking and even basal consumption of alcohol. While dependence-induced and binge drinking rely on the actions of CRF on CRFR1 receptors, alcohol consumption in models of these behaviors is inhibited by actions of Ucns on CRFR2. In contrast, alcohol preference is positively influenced by actions of Ucn1, which is capable of acting on both CRFR1 and CRFR2. Because of complex distribution of Ucns in the nervous system, advances in this field will critically depend on development of new tools allowing site-specific analyses of the roles of Ucns and CRF.
(100960) Julia Trood
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Time-resolved spectroscopy at surfaces and adsorbate dynamics: insights from a model-system approach
Creators: name: Boström, Emil
name: Mikkelsen, Anders
name: Verdozzi, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a model description of femtosecond laser induced desorption at surfaces. The substrate part of the system is taken into account as a (possibly semi-infinite) linear chain. Here, being especially interested in the early stages of dissociation, we consider a finite-size implementation of the model (i.e., a finite substrate), for which an exact numerical solution is possible. By time-evolving the many-body wave function, and also using results from a time-dependent density functional theory description for electron-nuclear systems, we analyze the competition between several surface-response mechanisms and electronic correlations in the transient and longer time dynamics under the influence of dipole-coupled fields. Our model allows us to explore how coherent multiple-pulse protocols can impact desorption in a variety of prototypical experiments.
description: replaces a shorter version
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet may improve serum adiponectin in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The MEDINA randomized controlled trial✩
Creators: name: Reddy, Anjana
name: Della Gatta, Paul
name: Mason, Shaun
name: Nicoll, Amanda J
name: RYAN, MARNO
name: Itsiopoulos, Catherine
name: Abbott, Gavin
name: Johnson, Nathan A.
name: SOOD, SIDDHARTH
name: Roberts, Stuart K.
name: George, Elena S.
name: Tierney, Audrey
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an ad libitum MedDiet versus low-fat diet (LFD) on inflammatory markers in adults with NAFLD. It was hypothesized that the MedDiet, and its individual components, would improve inflammation. This multicenter, randomized controlled trial, randomized participants to a MedDiet or LFD intervention for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes included change from baseline to 12 weeks for serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, adiponectin, leptin, and resistin. Forty-two participants (60% female; age 52.3 ± 12.6 years; body mass index, 32.2 ± 6.2 kg/m²) were randomized to the MedDiet (n = 19) or low-fat diet (n = 23). At 12 weeks, the LFD showed a greater decrease in leptin compared with the MedDiet (–1.20 ± 3.9 ng/mL vs 0.64 ± 3.5 ng/mL, P = .010). Adiponectin significantly improved within the MedDiet (13.7 ± 9.2 μg/mL to 17.0 ± 12.5 μg/mL, P = .016), but not within the LFD group. No statistically significant changes were observed for other inflammatory markers following the MedDiet or LFD. Adherence to the MedDiet significantly improved in both study arms, although greater improvements were seen in the MedDiet group. Adiponectin significantly improved following a Mediterranean diet intervention, in the absence of weight loss. The low-fat diet did not elicit improvements in inflammatory markers. High-quality clinical trials appropriately powered to inflammatory markers are required in this population.
(100961) Francis Trood Richards
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Alcohol effects on synaptic transmission in periaqueductal gray dopamine neurons
Creators: name: Lopez, Alberto J.
name: Kash, Thomas L.
name: McCall, Nora M.
name: Li, Chia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The role of dopamine (DA) signaling in regulating the rewarding properties of drugs, including alcohol, has been widely studied. The majority of these studies, however, have focused on the DA neurons located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and their projections to the nucleus accumbens. DA neurons within the ventral periaqueductal gray (vPAG) have been shown to regulate reward but little is known about the functional properties of these neurons, or how they are modified by drugs of abuse. This lack of knowledge is likely due to the highly heterogeneous cell composition of the vPAG, with both γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate neurons present in addition to DA neurons. In this study, we performed whole-cell recordings in a TH–eGFP transgenic mouse line to evaluate the properties of vPAG-DA neurons. Following this initial characterization, we examined how both acute and chronic alcohol exposure modify synaptic transmission onto vPAG-DA neurons. We found minimal effects of acute alcohol exposure on GABA transmission, but a robust enhancement of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in vPAG-DA. Consistent with this effect on excitatory transmission, we also found that alcohol caused an increase in firing rate. These data were in contrast to the effects of chronic intermittent alcohol exposure, which had no significant impact on either inhibitory or excitatory synaptic transmission on the vPAG-DA neurons. These data add to a growing body of literature that points to alcohol having both region-dependent and cell-type dependent effects on function.
title: Development and evaluation of the real-time CT-NAB navigation system using projection mapping
Creators: name: Tsujioka, Katsumi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Lung
subject: Radiation physics
subject: CT
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Instrumentation
subject: Image guided radiotherapy
subject: Image registration
subject: Image verification

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: CT needle aspiration biopsy (CT-NAB) using CT fluoroscopy is an effective technique for interventional radiology (IVR). However, the operator must observe the patient and the CT monitor in frequently. This will contribute to reduce precision of the...