cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Turbulent-laminar patterns in shear flows without walls
Creators: name: Chantry, Matthew
name: Tuckerman, Laurette S.
name: Barkley, Dwight
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turbulent-laminar intermittency, typically in the form of bands and spots, is a ubiquitous feature of the route to turbulence in wall-bounded shear flows. Here we study the idealised shear between stress-free boundaries driven by a sinusoidal body force and demonstrate quantitative agreement between turbulence in this flow and that found in the interior of plane Couette flow -- the region excluding the boundary layers. Exploiting the absence of boundary layers, we construct a model flow that uses only four Fourier modes in the shear direction and yet robustly captures the range of spatiotemporal phenomena observed in transition, from spot growth to turbulent bands and uniform turbulence. The model substantially reduces the cost of simulating intermittent turbulent structures while maintaining the essential physics and a direct connection to the Navier-Stokes equations. We demonstrate the generic nature of this process by introducing stress-free equivalent flows for plane Poiseuille and pipe flows which again capture the turbulent-laminar structures seen in transition.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Differential rotation and r-modes in magnetized neutron stars
Creators: name: Chugunov, Andrey I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rezzolla et al. [ApJ 531 (2000), L139; Phys. Rev. D 64 (2001), 104013; Phys. Rev. D 64 (2001), 104014] draw attention to the second order secular drift associated with r-modes and claimed that it should lead to magnetic field enhancement and suppression of r-mode instability in magnetized neutron stars. We critically revise these results. We present a particular second order r-mode solution with vanishing secular drift, thus refuting a widely believed statement that secular drift is an unavoidable feature of r-modes. This non-drifting solution is not affected by magnetic field $B$, if $B\ll B_{\mathrm{crit}}\approx 10^{17}\,(ν/600\,\mathrm{Hz})$ G ($ν$ is a spin frequency) and does not lead to secular evolution of magnetic field. For general second order r-mode solution the drift does not necessarily vanish, but the solution can be presented as a superposition of two solutions: one describes evolution of differential rotation in nonoscillating star (which describes secular drift; for nonmagnetized star it is arbitrary stationary rotation stratified on cylinders; for magnetized star differential rotation evolves on the Alfvén timescale and may lead to magnetic energy enhancement), and another one is non-drifting r-mode solution mentioned above. This representation allows us to conclude that enhancement of magnetic field energy is limited by initial energy of differential rotation, which is much less (for a factor $\propto α^2$, where $α$ is mode amplitude) than the total energy of r-mode. Hence, magnetic field enhancement by drift cannot suppress r-mode instability. Results can be generalized for any oscillation mode in any medium, if this mode has non-drifting solution for $B=0$.
description: 8 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Effects of Pediatric Anesthesiology Preoperative Assessment on Same-Day Surgical Cancellations or Delays. A Systematic Review
Creators: name: McLendon, Charles
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Introduction: Same-day cancellations and delays for pediatric surgical patients can lead
to financial harm to hospitals, and emotional harm to patients and their families. Published
reviews have shown that adult anesthesiology preoperative clinics can reduce same-day
cancellations and delays. This review aims to determine if similar pediatric clinics can produce
the same effect. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched to find
relevant studies that had terms related to preoperative assessments, pediatric care, and surgical
delays or cancellations. All studies were screened based on seven predefined study eligibility
criteria. Results were considered relevant if they reported a difference in same-day surgical
delay or cancellations and had some form of an anesthesia preoperative evaluation as the
intervention. The NOQAS criteria was used to assess risk of bias for each study and the EPC
model to assess strength of evidence. Results: Of the 364 studies initially identified, only two
met all eligibility criteria to be included in the study. Both studies were evaluated to have a
moderate risk of bias. Each reported an increased odds of having a surgical cancellation if
patients did not have a preoperative assessment compared to patients who did have a
preoperative assessment. However, each study had significantly different estimates of this
effect [OR of 4.48 (95%CI: 2.02-9.95) and 1.60 (95%CI: 1.35-1.91)]. Discussion: Despite each
study showing a statistically significant reduction of same day cancellations associated with
preoperative clinics, the overall strength of available evidence is weak due study design flaws
and the paucity of published studies. There is a need for further primary research to confirm
that pediatric preoperative anesthesiology clinics can reduce same-day surgical cancellations.
title: MRI protocol for lower extremity torsional study in children and adolescents: our three years experience.
Creators: name: Pifarré, Ferran
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: MR
subject: Extremities

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To present an MRI method to assessing the torsional profile in skeletally immature population withoutradiation exposure. Over the years, the population and medical professionals have more in mind the radiation doses recived by patients. The growing...
title: Comparing diagnostic yield, complication rates, and cost in ultrasound versus CT guided peripheral lung lesion biopsies
Creators: name: McCabe, Bridgette
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Cancer
subject: Efficacy studies
subject: Cost-effectiveness
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Mediastinum
subject: Lung

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Background: Percutaneous needle biopsy of chest lesions is a commonly performed diagnostic procedure. While computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle biopsy is well established and accepted, there is a perceived bias against US guidance...
Reimagining Global Health Governance in the Age of COVID-19
Creators: name: Moon, Suerie
name: Meier, Benjamin Mason
name: Gostin, Lawrence O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: The COVID-19 pandemic reminds us that no country acting alone can respond effectively to health threats in a globalized world. Global governance is necessary to coordinate the global health response. Yet, the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed deep fissures in global health governance, with international organizations facing obstacles from nationalist governments in managing a common threat. The COVID-19 pandemic is reframing global health governance. Considering key structural limitations in meeting enormous challenges, how can we best realize global solidarity in an age of populist nationalism? With the sheer scale of human, social, and economic upheaval, we face an imperative to strengthen global health institutions and governance.
title: Imaging of musculoskeletal complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children
Creators: name: Akbas, Tugana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Complications
subject: Haematologic diseases
subject: Transplantation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The aim of this paper is to present and describe imaging findings for musculoskeletal complications after HSCT in...
(101432) Elizabeth Pinchbeck
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Remdesivir and COVID-19
Creators: name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Adimora, Adaora A.
name: Edwards, Jessie K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: The Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines
for Adults and Adolescents with HIV
and the American Association for the
Study of Liver Diseases guidelines
for hepatitis C virus treatment
suggest that combination therapy for
severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 infection will outperform
single drugs.
High Potency of a Bivalent Human VH Domain in SARS-CoV-2 Animal Models
Creators: name: Berezuk, Alison
name: Ura, Marcin L.
name: Chen, Chuan
name: Zhang, Liyong
name: Liu, Xianglei
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Dimitrov, Dimiter S.
name: Schäfer, Alexandra
name: Subramaniam, Sriram
name: Martinez, David R.
name: Li, Wei
name: Chittori, Sagar
name: Kulkarni, Swarali S.
name: Leopold, Karoline
name: Drelich, Aleksandra
name: Sun, Zehua
name: Leist, Sarah R.
name: Falzarano, Darryl
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Novel COVID-19 therapeutics are urgently needed. We generated a phage-displayed human antibody VH
domain library from which we identified a high-affinity VH binder ab8. Bivalent VH, VH-Fc ab8, bound with
high avidity to membrane-associated S glycoprotein and to mutants found in patients. It potently neutralized
mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 in wild-type mice at a dose as low as 2 mg/kg and exhibited high prophylactic
and therapeutic efficacy in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, possibly enhanced by its relatively
small size. Electron microscopy combined with scanning mutagenesis identified ab8 interactions with all
three S protomers and showed how ab8 neutralized the virus by directly interfering with ACE2 binding. VHFc
ab8 did not aggregate and did not bind to 5,300 human membrane-associated proteins. The potent
neutralization activity of VH-Fc ab8 combined with good developability properties and cross-reactivity to
SARS-CoV-2 mutants provide a strong rationale for its evaluation as a COVID-19 therapeutic.
title: Anatomy and common pathology of the sella: The imaging appearance
Creators: name: Mallat, Najoua
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Pathology

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: - To illustrate the imaging anatomy of the sella and its content. - To illustrate a variety of lesions affecting the sella and their appearance on imaging, using MR and CT...
Solving 3D relativistic hydrodynamical problems with WENO discontinuous Galerkin methods
Creators: name: Bugner, Marcus
name: Dietrich, Tim
name: Bernuzzi, Sebastiano
name: Weyhausen, Andreas
name: Bruegmann, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods coupled to WENO algorithms allow high order convergence for smooth problems and for the simulation of discontinuities and shocks. In this work, we investigate WENO-DG algorithms in the context of numerical general relativity, in particular for general relativistic hydrodynamics. We implement the standard WENO method at different orders, a compact (simple) WENO scheme, as well as an alternative subcell evolution algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the different numerical schemes, we study non-relativistic, special relativistic, and general relativistic testbeds. We present the first three-dimensional simulations of general relativistic hydrodynamics, albeit for a fixed spacetime background, within the framework of WENO-DG methods. The most important testbed is a single TOV-star in three dimensions, showing that long term stable simulations of single isolated neutron stars can be obtained with WENO-DG methods.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures
DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques
Creators: name: Van Ry, A.
name: Ventura, J.D.
name: Mercado, N.B.
name: Nityanandam, R.
name: Lelis, F.J.N.
name: Travers, M.
name: Chen, B.
name: Wesemann, D.R.
name: Cook, A.
name: Yu, J.
name: McMahan, K.
name: Brown, R.
name: Lewis, M.G.
name: Liu, J.
name: Kordana, N.
name: Chandrashekar, A.
name: Fischinger, S.
name: Schmidt, A.G.
name: Slein, M.D.
name: Loos, C.
name: Burke, J.S.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Teow, E.
name: Pessaint, L.
name: Nampanya, F.
name: He, X.
name: Alter, G.
name: Li, Z.
name: Cai, Y.
name: Dodson, A.
name: Kirilova, M.
name: Zuiani, A.
name: Barouch, D.H.
name: Jacob-Dolan, C.
name: Zahn, R.
name: Andersen, H.
name: Wegmann, F.
name: Maxfield, L.F.
name: Gebre, M.S.
name: Habibi, S.
name: Peter, L.
name: Mahrokhian, S.H.
name: Tostanoski, L.H.
name: Dagotto, G.
name: Atyeo, C.
name: Finneyfrock, B.
name: Baric, R.S.
name: Nkolola, J.P.
name: Wan, H.
name: Velasco, J.
name: Lin, Z.
name: Blade, K.
name: Bondzie, E.A.
name: Martinez, D.R.
Publisher: name: American Association for the Advancement of Science
Year: 2020

description: The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has made the development of a vaccine a top biomedical priority. In this study, we developed a series of DNA vaccine candidates expressing different forms of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and evaluated them in 35 rhesus macaques. Vaccinated animals developed humoral and cellular immune responses, including neutralizing antibody titers at levels comparable to those found in convalescent humans and macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2. After vaccination, all animals were challenged with SARS-CoV-2, and the vaccine encoding the full-length S protein resulted in >3.1 and >3.7 log10 reductions in median viral loads in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal mucosa, respectively, as compared with viral loads in sham controls. Vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody titers correlated with protective efficacy, suggesting an immune correlate of protection. These data demonstrate vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates.
(101427) Thomas Pinchbeck
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV-2 Induces Acute Lung Injury and Mortality in Standard Laboratory Mice
Creators: name: Montgomery SA
name: Gralinski LE
name: Moorman NJ
name: Gully KL
name: Sheahan TP
name: Dinnon KH III
name: Schäfer A
name: Baric RS
name: Scobey T
name: Sanders W
name: Okuda K
name: Leist SR
name: Edwards CE
name: West A
name: Hou YJ
name: Brown AJ
name: Fritch EJ
name: Boucher RC
name: Tse LV
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020

description: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused extreme human suffering and economic harm. We generated and characterized a new mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus that captures multiple aspects of severe COVID-19 disease in standard laboratory mice. This SARS-CoV-2 model exhibits the spectrum of morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 disease as well as aspects of host genetics, age, cellular tropisms, elevated Th1 cytokines, and loss of surfactant expression and pulmonary function linked to pathological features of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This model can rapidly access existing mouse resources to elucidate the role of host genetics, underlying molecular mechanisms governing SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, and the protective or pathogenic immune responses related to disease severity. The model promises to provide a robust platform for studies of ALI and ARDS to evaluate vaccine and antiviral drug performance, including in the most vulnerable populations (i.e., the aged) using standard laboratory mice.
title: Where is HYDATIDOSIS located?
Creators: name: Hernandez, Evelina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Animal (veterinary) studies
subject: Abdomen
subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Biopsy
subject: Surgery
subject: Abscess
subject: Parasites
subject: Infection

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To bring into view the organs affected by Hydatidosis, allowing, in this way, the visualization of atypical locations, as well as the correct follow-up of the pathology after the medical or surgical...
title: CT-Angiography of intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations
Creators: name: Piotrowicz, Paweł
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dilatation
subject: Arteriovenous malformations
subject: Aneurysms
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Vascular
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CNS

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The prime purpose of this poster is to demonstrate a wide range of intracranial vascular pathologies and to indicate how to distinguish them by using CTA. It also includes presentation of normal anatomy of cerebral arteries and most common...
title: The persistent utility of CT Myelography in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
Creators: name: Ojeda, Adriana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cerebrospinal fluid
subject: Myelography
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology spine

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension is a syndrome of postural headaches that arises as a result of CSF leakage without previous lumbar puncture. The purpose of this study is to show the utility of CT Myelography in finding the cause of this leakage...
(101428) Frederick Richard Pinchbeck
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Multi-band Eilenberger theory of superconductivity: Systematic low-energy projection
Creators: name: Nagai, Yuki
name: Nakamura, Hiroki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the general multi-band quasiclassical Eilenberger theory of superconductivity to describe quasiparticle excitations in inhomogeneous systems. With the use of low-energy projection matrix, the $M$-band quasiclassical Eilenberger equations are systematically obtained from $N$-band Gor'kov equations. Here $M$ is the internal degrees of freedom in the bands crossing the Fermi energy and $N$ is the degree of freedom in a model. Our framework naturally includes inter-band off-diagonal elements of Green's functions, which have usually been neglected in previous multi-band quasiclassical frameworks. The resultant multi-band Eilenberger and Andreev equations are similar to the single-band ones, except for multi-band effects. The multi-band effects can exhibit the non-locality and the anisotropy in the mapped systems. Our framework can be applied to an arbitrary Hamiltonian (e.g. a tight-binding Hamiltonian derived by the first-principle calculation). As examples, we use our framework in various kinds of systems, such as noncentrosymmetric superconductor CePt$_{3}$Si, three-orbital model for Sr$_{2}$RuO$_{4}$, heavy fermion CeCoIn$_{5}$/YbCoIn$_{5}$ superlattice, a topological superconductor with the strong spin-orbit coupling Cu$_{x}$Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$, and a surface system on a topological insulator.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures, improved presentation
(101429) Edward Keene
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Imagery and the Social Conscience: The Significance of the Wedgwood Medallion and the Brooks Slave Ship Diagram in the British Abolitionist Movement
Creators: name: Freebersyser, Anna Grace
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Summer, 2019; UK; An exploration of the impact and legacy of two key images within the British abolitionist movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus replication in primary human cells reveals potential susceptibility to infection
Creators: name: Dinnon III, Kenneth H.
name: Gully, Kendra
name: Hou, Yixuan J.
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Yount, Boyd L.
name: Sims, Amy C.
name: Currie, Caroline G.
name: Leist, Sarah R.
name: Swanstrom, Jessica
name: Scobey, Trevor D.
name: Edwards, Caitlin E.
name: Graham, Rachel L.
name: Randell, Scott H.
name: Cooley, Michelle R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Zoonotic coronaviruses represent an ongoing threat, yet the myriads of circulating animal viruses complicate the identification of higher-risk isolates that threaten human health. Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a newly discovered, highly pathogenic virus that likely evolved from closely related HKU2 bat coronaviruses, circulating in Rhinolophus spp. bats in China and elsewhere. As coronaviruses cause severe economic losses in the pork industry and swine are key intermediate hosts of human disease outbreaks, we synthetically resurrected a recombinant virus (rSADS-CoV) as well as a derivative encoding tomato red fluorescent protein (tRFP) in place of ORF3. rSADS-CoV replicated efficiently in a variety of continuous animal and primate cell lines, including human liver and rectal carcinoma cell lines. Of concern, rSADS-CoV also replicated efficiently in several different primary human lung cell types, as well as primary human intestinal cells. rSADS-CoV did not use human coronavirus ACE-2, DPP4, or CD13 receptors for docking and entry. Contemporary human donor sera neutralized the group I human coronavirus NL63, but not rSADS-CoV, suggesting limited human group I coronavirus cross protective herd immunity. Importantly, remdesivir, a broad-spectrum nucleoside analog that is effective against other group 1 and 2 coronaviruses, efficiently blocked rSADS-CoV replication in vitro. rSADS-CoV demonstrated little, if any, replicative capacity in either immune-competent or immunodeficient mice, indicating a critical need for improved animal models. Efficient growth in primary human lung and intestinal cells implicate SADS-CoV as a potential higher-risk emerging coronavirus pathogen that could negatively impact the global economy and human health.
title: Towards a reliable prediction of subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes in obese patients measured by tomographic imaging (MRI)
Creators: name: Schaudinn , Alexander
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Metabolic disorders
subject: Segmentation
subject: MR
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: In obese patients MRI-assessment of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is limited by image cut-offs at the edges of the field of view (FOV), preventing reliable SAT quantification (see Fig. 1) 1 . In adiposity studies at our side this was...
Deducing self-interaction in eye movement data using sequential spatial point processes
Creators: name: Penttinen, Antti
name: Ylitalo, Anna-Kaisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Eye movement data are outputs of an analyser tracking the gaze when a person is inspecting a scene. These kind of data are of increasing importance in scientific research as well as in applications, e.g. in marketing and man-machine interface planning. Thus the new areas of application call for advanced analysis tools. Our research objective is to suggest statistical modelling of eye movement sequences using sequential spatial point processes, which decomposes the variation in data into structural components having interpretation. We consider three elements of an eye movement sequence: heterogeneity of the target space, contextuality between subsequent movements, and time-dependent behaviour describing self-interaction. We propose two model constructions. One is based on the history-dependent rejection of transitions in a random walk and the other makes use of a history-adapted kernel function penalized by user-defined geometric model characteristics. Both models are inhomogeneous self-interacting random walks. Statistical inference based on the likelihood is suggested, some experiments are carried out, and the models are used for determining the uncertainty of important data summaries for eye movement data.
description: 27 pages, 13 figures and 2 tables
title: Acute pain in the right upper quadrant: Diagnostic imaging
Creators: name: Cruz, Manuel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Acute
subject: Localisation
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: Emergency
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review the disease entities causing acute pain in the right upper quadrant. To discuss the role of ultrasonography in the assessment of patients presenting with this symptom. Additionally, we will briefly discuss the value of tomography as a...
(101430) Robert Holmes
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Yet Another (Mis)Representation of Disability: A Critical Content Analysis of Blindness/Vision Impairment in Young Adult Literature
Creators: name: Gallagher, Catherine M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: Public libraries
Disability studies
Blind--Books and reading
Young adult literature
Content analysis (Communication)
School libraries--Collection development
Online library catalogs
Intersectionality (Sociology)

description: As the world is becoming increasingly diverse, K-12 school librarians must be knowledgeable of trending topics in children’s and young adult (YA) literature. One such topic is disability representation. Unfortunately, there continues to be misrepresentation of disability in terms of ableist language and stereotypes. The purpose of this paper is to better understand representations of blindness/vision impairment in contemporary YA literature using the critical content analysis method. Data will be collected and analyzed from five contemporary YA novels (published in 2010 or later) through Disability Critical Studies and Intersectionality lenses to demonstrate how disabled characters deserve authentic, medically accurate representation. Data will also be collected from three local school districts and three local public library systems in the central North Carolina region to identify if these books are accessible. This study has implications for school librarians, students, and authors in the future representations of disability, bibliotherapy, and Positive Identity Development.
Through Rain, Through Snow, Through Quarantine: An Environmental Scan of Academic Library Messaging during COVID-19
Creators: name: Mann, Abigail
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Academic libraries
subject: Digital Holdings
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: COVID-19
subject: Twitter

description: The COVID-19 crisis meant an unprecedented number of college classes were shifted to online delivery in a very short span of time; academic libraries, of course, followed.  It could be argued that the recent crisis was an (undesired) opportunity to highlight what academic libraries already offer: access to parallel digital resources and services that untether the library from a single space. This environmental scan analyzes the websites and Twitter feed of several libraries in the UNC system. It suggests that there was effective marketing of libraries as offering targeted, accurate information, as well as unique attributes the library could offer. The variation between types of schools suggests different libraries used varying strategies in differentiating themselves. The study also revealed lost opportunities, especially in the field of reaching out to faculty and promoting Open Access and Open Educational Resources.
How Public Librarians Perceive Makerspaces Impacting Youth Development
Creators: name: Gordon, Graceon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: Public librarians
Libraries and teenagers
Library use studies
Public libraries

description: Makerspaces have been a topic of interest for libraries as of late, and research has described how library makerspaces are able to impact their designated communities. However, many libraries themselves that have or want a makerspace do not explicitly state or even know the benefits makerspaces have on youth. The purpose of this study is to fill the knowledge gap between teen development and the impact makerspaces have on those developmental assets by stating how research defines and connects the two areas. In particular, this study will look at the perceptions and experiences of public librarians that work with teens and makerspaces.
Domain Disentanglement with Interpolative Data Augmentation for Dual-Target Cross-Domain Recommendation
Creators: name: Zhu, Jiajie
name: Wang, Yan
name: Zhu, Feng
name: Sun, Zhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.3; I.2.6
subject: 68T07 (Primary)

description: The conventional single-target Cross-Domain Recommendation (CDR) aims to improve the recommendation performance on a sparser target domain by transferring the knowledge from a source domain that contains relatively richer information. By contrast, in recent years, dual-target CDR has been proposed to improve the recommendation performance on both domains simultaneously. However, to this end, there are two challenges in dual-target CDR: (1) how to generate both relevant and diverse augmented user representations, and (2) how to effectively decouple domain-independent information from domain-specific information, in addition to domain-shared information, to capture comprehensive user preferences. To address the above two challenges, we propose a Disentanglement-based framework with Interpolative Data Augmentation for dual-target Cross-Domain Recommendation, called DIDA-CDR. In DIDA-CDR, we first propose an interpolative data augmentation approach to generating both relevant and diverse augmented user representations to augment sparser domain and explore potential user preferences. We then propose a disentanglement module to effectively decouple domain-specific and domain-independent information to capture comprehensive user preferences. Both steps significantly contribute to capturing more comprehensive user preferences, thereby improving the recommendation performance on each domain. Extensive experiments conducted on five real-world datasets show the significant superiority of DIDA-CDR over the state-of-the-art methods.
description: Accepted by RecSys 2023
(101423) Bertram John Keene
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Radiographic diagnosis of incidental ligamentous instability of children's cervical spine
Creators: name: Urina, Larisa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Connective tissue disorders
subject: Trauma

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Headache, dizziness, pain in a neck are frequent complaints for children. One of the reasons of these complaints (if no trauma in anamnesis) can be ligamentous instability. Instability is the disability to maintain normal connections in the segments...
Properties of skyrmions and multi-quanta vortices in chiral $p$-wave superconductors
Creators: name: Garaud, Julien
name: Babaev, Egor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral $p$-wave superconducting state supports a rich spectrum of topological excitations different from those in conventional superconducting states. Besides domain walls separating different chiral states, chiral $p$-wave state supports both singular and coreless vortices also interpreted as skyrmions. Here, we present a numerical study of the energetic properties of isolated singular and coreless vortex states as functions of anisotropy and magnetic field penetration length. In a given chiral state, single quantum vortices with opposite winding have different energies and thus only one kind is energetically favoured. We find that with the appropriate sign of the phase winding, two-quanta (coreless) vortices are always energetically preferred over two isolated single quanta (singular) vortices. We also report solutions carrying more flux quanta. However those are typically more energetically expensive/metastable as compared to those carrying two flux quanta.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Glucose-responsive insulin patch for the regulation of blood glucose in mice and minipigs
Creators: name: Langer, R.
name: Yu, J.
name: Wang, J.
name: Ye, Y.
name: Mao, W.
name: Kahkoska, A.R.
name: Gu, Z.
name: Chen, G.
name: Buse, J.B.
name: Zhang, Y.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2020

description: 20 h with patches of ~5 cm2). Under hyperglycaemic conditions, phenylboronic acid units within the polymeric matrix reversibly form glucose–boronate complexes that—owing to their increased negative charge—induce the swelling of the polymeric matrix and weaken the electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged insulin and polymers, promoting the rapid release of insulin. This proof-of-concept demonstration may aid the development of other translational stimuli-responsive microneedle patches for drug delivery.
description: 25 kg, glucose regulation lasted >
description: Glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems that mimic pancreatic endocrine function could enhance health and improve quality of life for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes with reduced β-cell function. However, insulin delivery systems with rapid in vivo glucose-responsive behaviour typically have limited insulin-loading capacities and cannot be manufactured easily. Here, we show that a single removable transdermal patch, bearing microneedles loaded with insulin and a non-degradable glucose-responsive polymeric matrix, and fabricated via in situ photopolymerization, regulated blood glucose in insulin-deficient diabetic mice and minipigs (for minipigs >
Real-world evidence: the devil is in the detail
Creators: name: Buse, J.B.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Gokhale, M.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: Much has been written about real-world evidence (RWE), a concept that offers an understanding of the effects of healthcare interventions using routine clinical data. The reflection of diverse real-world practices is a double-edged sword that makes RWE attractive but also opens doors to several biases that need to be minimised both in the design and analytical phases of non-experimental studies. Additionally, it is critical to ensure that researchers who conduct these studies possess adequate methodological expertise and ability to accurately implement these methods. Critical design elements to be considered should include a clearly defined research question using a causal inference framework, choice of a fit-for-purpose data source, inclusion of new users of a treatment with comparators that are as similar as possible to that group, accurately classifying person-time and deciding censoring approaches. Having taken measures to minimise bias ‘by design’, the next step is to implement appropriate analytical techniques (for example propensity scores) to minimise the remnant potential biases. A clear protocol should be provided at the beginning of the study and a report of the results after, including caveats to consider. We also point the readers to readings on some novel analytical methods as well as newer areas of application of RWE. While there is no one-size-fits-all solution to evaluating RWE studies, we have focused our discussion on key methods and issues commonly encountered in comparative observational cohort studies with the hope that readers are better equipped to evaluate non-experimental studies that they encounter in the future.
(101424) Emily Eliza Holmes
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: The role of the dual energy chest x-ray in determining the nature of indeterminate plain film abnormalities
Creators: name: Boryslawskyj, Helena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Thorax
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: Bones

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Dual Energy Chest X-ray imagng (DECXR) has been shown to be useful in increasing radiological accuracy when interpreting the nature of pulmonary nodules. (Kelcz et al, 1994) Our study evaluates the role of DECXR in the interpretation of...
2019 update to: Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Creators: name: Davies, M.J.
name: Mathieu, C.
name: Rossing, P.
name: Buse, J.B.
name: Tsapas, A.
name: D'Alessio, D.A.
name: Wexler, D.J.
name: Mingrone, G.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes have briefly updated their 2018 recommendations on management of hyperglycaemia, based on important research findings from large cardiovascular outcomes trials published in 2019. Important changes include: (1) the decision to treat high-risk individuals with a glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist or sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), hospitalisation for heart failure (hHF), cardiovascular death or chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression should be considered independently of baseline HbA1c or individualised HbA1c target; (2) GLP-1 receptor agonists can also be considered in patients with type 2 diabetes without established cardiovascular disease (CVD) but with the presence of specific indicators of high risk; and (3) SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure, particularly those with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, to reduce hHF, MACE and CVD death, as well as in patients with type 2 diabetes with CKD (eGFR 30 to ≤60 ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2 or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >30 mg/g, particularly >300 mg/g) to prevent the progression of CKD, hHF, MACE and cardiovascular death.
Solving two-dimensional density classification problem with two probabilistic cellular automata
Creators: name: Fukś, Henryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The density classification problem is one of the simplest yet non-trivial computing tasks which seem to be ideally suitable for cellular automata (CA). Unfortunately, there exists no one-dimensional two-state CA which classifies binary strings according to their densities. If, however, in place of simple cells one uses agents which change their behaviour from one rule to another after a fixed number of iterations, the classification can be performed by the traffic rule 184 and the majority rule 232. This two-rule solution cannot be easily generalized to two (or higher) dimensions, because it critically depends on a kinetic phase transition occurring in the rule 184. No rule exhibiting analogous transition is known in two dimensions, most likely because no such rule exists. We propose, therefore, to approach this problem form a slightly different angle, namely by introducing a stochastic component into each of the two rules. If one precedes each iteration of rule 184 by the stochastic "lane changing rule," and each iteration of rule 232 by the stochastic "crowd avoidance" rule, in the limit of infinitely many iterations the classification can be performed correctly with probability 1. This solution can be described either in the language of CA, or using the paradigm of agents which move and proliferate on the 2D lattice, following probabilistic rules.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures