cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Connecting the coronaries: How the coronary plexus develops and is functionalized
Creators: name: Patterson, Cam
name: Dyer, Laura
name: Pi, Xinchun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The establishment of the coronary circulation is one of the final critical steps during heart development. Despite decades of research, our understanding of how the coronary vasculature develops and connects to the aorta remains limited. This review serves two specific purposes: it addresses recent advances in understanding the origin of the coronary endothelium, and it then focuses on the last crucial step of coronary vasculature development, the connection of the coronary plexus to the aorta. The chick and quail animal models have yielded most of the information for how these connections form, starting with a fine network of vessels that penetrate the aorta and coalesce to form two distinct ostia. Studies in mouse and rat confirm that at least some of these steps are conserved in mammals, but gaps still exist in our understanding of mammalian coronary ostia formation. The signaling cues necessary to guide the coronary plexus to the aorta are also incompletely understood. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 and its downstream targets are among the few identified genes that promote the formation of the coronary stems. Together, this review summarizes our current knowledge of coronary vascular formation and highlights the significant gaps that remain. In addition, it highlights some of the coronary artery anomalies known to affect human health, demonstrating that even seemingly subtle defects arising from incorrect coronary plexus formation can result in significant health crises.
Timing of five millisecond pulsars discovered in the PALFA survey
Creators: name: Scholz, P.
name: Kaspi, V. M.
name: Lyne, A. G.
name: Stappers, B. W.
name: Bogdanov, S.
name: Cordes, J. M.
name: Crawford, F.
name: Ferdman, R. D.
name: Freire, P. C. C.
name: Hessels, J. W. T.
name: Lorimer, D. R.
name: Stairs, I. H.
name: Allen, B.
name: Brazier, A.
name: Camilo, F.
name: Cardoso, R. F.
name: Chatterjee, S.
name: Deneva, J. S.
name: Jenet, F. A.
name: Karako-Argaman, C.
name: Knispel, B.
name: Lazarus, P.
name: Lee, K. J.
name: van Leeuwen, J.
name: Lynch, R.
name: Madsen, E. C.
name: McLaughlin, M. A.
name: Ransom, S. M.
name: Siemens, X.
name: Spitler, L. G.
name: Stovall, K.
name: Swiggum, J. K.
name: Venkataraman, A.
name: Zhu, W. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of five millisecond pulsars (MSPs) from the PALFA Galactic plane survey using Arecibo. Four of these (PSRs J0557+1551, J1850+0244, J1902+0300, and J1943+2210) are binary pulsars whose companions are likely white dwarfs, and one (PSR J1905+0453) is isolated. Phase-coherent timing solutions, ranging from $\sim$1 to $\sim$3 years in length, and based on observations from the Jodrell Bank and Arecibo telescopes, provide precise determinations of spin, orbital, and astrometric parameters. All five pulsars have large dispersion measures ($>100$ pc cm$^{-3}$, within the top 20% of all known Galactic field MSPs) and are faint (1.4 GHz flux density < 0.1 mJy, within the faintest 5% of all known Galactic field MSPs), illustrating PALFA's ability to find increasingly faint, distant MSPs in the Galactic plane. In particular, PSR J1850+0244 has a dispersion measure of 540 pc cm$^{-3}$, the highest of all known MSPs. Such distant, faint MSPs are important input for accurately modeling the total Galactic MSP population.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, ApJ in press
title: Losing Cameron
Creators: name: Kisa, Kerry D.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2002

description: In March of 1997, my sister, Fran, and I took our children to a photography studio in downtown Winston-Salem, N.C. I had my twin girls, who were eight weeks old at the time. Fran had Cameron, a grinning nine month old with curly red hair and startling green eyes. I'll never forget how Cameron looked that morning, giggling as he clapped his stubby fingers together for the photographer. I'll never forget the expression on my sisters' face as she watched Cameron with pride from the rear of the small, cluttered studio.

It would be a long time before I saw that look again. Less than twelve weeks later, Cameron suffered a thirty-minute seizure that terrified my family and baffled doctors in the emergency room of a Greensboro, N.C. hospital. Cameron was never the same. Two years later, he was diagnosed with autism, joining a group of some 500,000 other children and adults in this country living with the neurological disorder. The diagnosis has shattered my family. This is our story.
Partially strong transparency conditions and a singular localization method in geometric optics
Creators: name: Lu, Yong
name: Zhang, Zhifei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper focuses on the stability analysis of WKB approximate solutions in geometric optics with the absence of strong transparency conditions. We introduce a compatible condition and a singular localization method which allows us to prove the stability of WKB solutions over long time intervals. This compatible condition is weaker than the strong transparency condition. The singular localization method allows us to do delicate analysis near resonances. As an application, we show the long time approximation of Klein-Gordon equations by Schrödinger equations in the non-relativistic limit regime.
description: 41 pages, final version, to appear in Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis
GRAF1 promotes ferlin-dependent myoblast fusion
Creators: name: Lenhart, Kaitlin C.
name: Mack, Christopher P.
name: Xiao, Xiao
name: McNally, Elizabeth M.
name: Li, Jianbin
name: Becherer, Abby L.
name: Taylor, Joan M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Myoblast fusion (a critical process by which muscles grow) occurs in a multi-step fashion that requires actin and membrane remodeling; but important questions remain regarding the spatial/temporal regulation of and interrelationship between these processes. We recently reported that the Rho-GAP, GRAF1, was particularly abundant in muscles undergoing fusion to form multinucleated fibers and that enforced expression of GRAF1 in cultured myoblasts induced robust fusion by a process that required GAP-dependent actin remodeling and BAR domain-dependent membrane sculpting. Herein we developed a novel line of GRAF1-deficient mice to explore a role for this protein in the formation/maturation of myotubes in vivo. Post-natal muscles from GRAF1-depleted mice exhibited a significant and persistent reduction in cross-sectional area, impaired regenerative capacity and a significant decrease in force production indicative of lack of efficient myoblast fusion. A significant fusion defect was recapitulated in isolated myoblasts depleted of GRAF1 or its closely related family member GRAF2. Mechanistically, we show that GRAF1 and 2 facilitate myoblast fusion, at least in part, by promoting vesicle-mediated translocation of fusogenic ferlin proteins to the plasma membrane.
The Fog signaling pathway: Insights into signaling in morphogenesis
Creators: name: Rogers, Stephen L.
name: Manning, Alyssa J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Epithelia form the building blocks of many tissue and organ types. Epithelial cells often form a contiguous 2-dimensional sheet that is held together by strong adhesions. The mechanical properties conferred by these adhesions allow the cells to undergo dramatic three-dimensional morphogenetic movements while maintaining cell–cell contacts during embryogenesis and post-embryonic development. The Drosophila Folded gastrulation pathway triggers epithelial cell shape changes that drive gastrulation and tissue folding and is one of the most extensively studied examples of epithelial morphogenesis. This pathway has yielded key insights into the signaling mechanisms and cellular machinery involved in epithelial remodeling. In this review, we discuss principles of morphogenesis and signaling that have been discovered through genetic and cell biological examination of this pathway. We also consider various regulatory mechanisms and the system's relevance to mammalian development. We propose future directions that will continue to broaden our knowledge of morphogenesis across taxa.
Maternal dietary choline availability alters the balance of netrin-1 and DCC neuronal migration proteins in fetal mouse brain hippocampus
Creators: name: Mar, Mei-Heng
name: Craciunescu, Corneliu N.
name: Song, Jiannan
name: Zeisel, Steven H.
name: Albright, Craig D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Alterations in maternal dietary choline availability during days 12–17 of pregnancy led to an increase in the level of immunoreactive netrin-1 and a decrease in the level of DCC protein in the developing fetal mouse brain hippocampus compared with controls. Changes in the expression of cell migration cues during development could account for some of the lifelong consequences of maternal dietary choline availability for cognitive and memory processes.
Wnt Signals Can Function as Positional Cues in Establishing Cell Polarity
Creators: name: Mizumoto, Kota
name: Sawa, Hitoshi
name: Goldstein, Bob
name: Takeshita, Hisako
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Wnt signaling plays important roles in cell polarization in diverse organisms, and loss of cell polarity is an early event in tumorigenesis caused by mutations in Wnt pathway genes. Despite this, the precise roles of Wnt proteins in cell polarization have remained elusive. In no organism has it been shown that the asymmetric position of a Wnt signal is essential to establishing a cell’s polarity. Attempts to test this by ubiquitous expression of Wnt genes have suggested that Wnt signals might act only as permissive factors in cell polarization. Here we find, using cell manipulations and ectopic gene expression in C. elegans, that the position from which Wnt signals are presented can determine the polarity of both embryonic and postembryonic cells. Furthermore, the position from which a Wnt signal is presented can determine the polarity of Frizzled receptor localization, suggesting that the polarizing effect of Wnt is likely to be direct. These results demonstrate that Wnt proteins can function as positional cues in establishing cell polarity.
aPKC Controls Microtubule Organization to Balance Adherens Junction Symmetry and Planar Polarity during Development
Creators: name: Harris, Tony J.C.
name: Peifer, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Tissue morphogenesis requires assembling and disassembling individual cell-cell contacts without losing epithelial integrity. This requires dynamic control of adherens junction (AJ) positioning around the apical domain, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. We show that atypical Protein Kinase C (aPKC) is required for symmetric AJ positioning during Drosophila embryogenesis. aPKC is dispensable for initial apical AJ recruitment, but without aPKC, AJs form atypical planar-polarized puncta at gastrulation. Preceding this, microtubules fail to dissociate from centrosomes, and at gastrulation, abnormally persistent centrosomal microtubule asters cluster AJs into the puncta. Dynein enrichment at the puncta suggests it may draw AJs and microtubules together and microtubule disruption disperses the puncta. Through cytoskeletal disruption in wildtype embryos, we find a balance of microtubule and actin interactions controls AJ symmetry versus planar polarity during normal gastrulation. aPKC apparently regulates this balance. Without aPKC, abnormally strong microtubule interactions break AJ symmetry and epithelial structure is lost.
GEF-H1 Modulates Localized RhoA Activation during Cytokinesis under the Control of Mitotic Kinases
Creators: name: Bohl, Benjamin P.
name: Birkenfeld, Jörg
name: Pertz, Olivier
name: Hahn, Klaus M.
name: Nalbant, Perihan
name: Bokoch, Gary M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Formation of the mitotic cleavage furrow is dependent upon both microtubules and activity of the small GTPase RhoA. GEF-H1 is a microtubule-regulated exchange factor that couples microtubule dynamics to RhoA activation. GEF-H1 localized to the mitotic apparatus in HeLa cells, particularly at the tips of cortical microtubules and the midbody, and perturbation of GEF-H1 function induced mitotic aberrations, including asymmetric furrowing, membrane blebbing, and impaired cytokinesis. The mitotic kinases Aurora A/B and Cdk1/Cyclin B phosphorylate GEF-H1, thereby inhibiting GEF-H1 catalytic activity. Dephosphorylation of GEF-H1 occurs just prior to cytokinesis, accompanied by GEF-H1-dependent GTP-loading on RhoA. Using a live cell biosensor, we demonstrate distinct roles for GEF-H1 and Ect2 in regulating Rho activity in the cleavage furrow, with GEF-H1 catalyzing Rho activation in response to Ect2-dependent localization and initiation of cell cleavage. Our results identify a GEF-H1-dependent mechanism to modulate localized RhoA activation during cytokinesis under the control of mitotic kinases.
Teaching Quantum Mechanical Commutation Relations via an Optical Experiment
Creators: name: Billur, A. Alper
name: Akkoyun, Serkan
name: Bursal, Murat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum mechanical commutation relations, which are directly related to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, have a crucial importance for understanding the quantum mechanics of students. During undergraduate level courses, the operator formalisms are generally given theoretically and it is documented that these abstract formalisms are usually misunderstood by the students. Based on the idea that quantum mechanical phenomena can be investigated via geometric optical tools, this study aims to introduce an experiment, where the quantum mechanical commutation relations are represented in a concrete way to provide students an easy and permanent learning. The experimental tools are chosen to be easily accessible and economic. The experiment introduced in this paper can be done with students or used as a demonstrative experiment in laboratory based or theory based courses requiring quantum physics content; particularly in physics, physics education and science education programs.
description: 12 pages 2 figures Basic Experimental Design
Phase Diagram of the Spin-$1/2$ Triangular $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg Model on a 3-leg Cylinder
Creators: name: Saadatmand, S. N.
name: Powell, B. J.
name: McCulloch, I. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram of the frustrated Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice with nearest and next-nearest neighbor spin exchange coupling, on 3-leg ladders. Using the density-matrix renormalization-group method, we obtain the complete phase diagram of the model, which includes quasi-long-range $120^\circ$ and columnar order, and a Majumdar-Ghosh phase with short-ranged correlations. All these phases are non-chiral and planar. We also identify the nature of phase transitions.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures, 1 table, and no supplemental materials. v3: equivalent to the published version
An Examination of the Economic and Financial Factors Influencing and Determining the Effectiveness of Housing Renewal Policies with Special Reference to the London Borough of Lambeth
Creators: name: Walker, Stephen Robert
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 1979
Subjects: housing
London Borough of Lambeth

description: The activities and operation of the producers and consumers of housing have been significantly influenced by government policy. Since the beginning of the twentieth century the government has directly subsidised the construction of housing by local authorities and controlled the rents of the private rented sector. Over the following years the government has extended its influence on the consumption and in the production of housing in many different ways. One particular aspect of the government's influence on the housing market forms the central theme of this thesis: this is the housing renewal process. The scale of obsolescence and’ the concentration of housing stress, particularly in all our major conurbations continues to pose economic, social and political problems for the government, in spite of substantial public resources having been devoted to improving and upgrading the quality of the nation's housing stock over the past 60 years. In this context Part One of the thesis consists of a general discussion of housing renewal policies and explores in some depth at both a national and a local level the impact of these renewal policies. Part Two analyses, using specific criteria, the effect of these housing renewal policies. It identifies some of the reasons why the present renewal strategies are failing to reduce housing obsolescence, and describes and analyses the allocation of public resources to housing. This specifically involved looking at the efficiency and effectiveness of individual rehabilitation and redevelopment programmes funded by the public sector and stresses the need for an economic evaluation of renewal schemes as an integral part of the decision making process. The problem of selecting specific areas of housing with the aid of housing indicators is examined in detail; suggestions are made and a new and improved index has been constructed to improve the important function of delineating areas for housing renewal policies. Part Three contains suggestions for changes in the housing renewal policies derived from the analyses undertaken in Part Two.
The $ν^2$GC Simulations : Quantifying the Dark Side of the Universe in the Planck Cosmology
Creators: name: Ishiyama, Tomoaki
name: Enoki, Motohiro
name: Kobayashi, Masakazu A. R.
name: Makiya, Ryu
name: Nagashima, Masahiro
name: Oogi, Taira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the evolution of dark matter halos in six large cosmological N-body simulations, called the $ν^2$GC (New Numerical Galaxy Catalog) simulations on the basis of the LCDM cosmology consistent with observational results obtained by the Planck satellite. The largest simulation consists of $8192^3$ (550 billion) dark matter particles in a box of $1.12 \, h^{-1} \rm Gpc$ (a mass resolution of $2.20 \times 10^{8} \, h^{-1} M_{\odot}$). Among simulations utilizing boxes larger than $1 \, h^{-1} \rm Gpc$, our simulation yields the highest resolution simulation that has ever been achieved. A $ν^2$GC simulation with the smallest box consists of eight billions particles in a box of $70 \, h^{-1} \rm Mpc$ (a mass resolution of $3.44 \times 10^{6} \, h^{-1} M_{\odot}$). These simulations can follow the evolution of halos over masses of eight orders of magnitude, from small dwarf galaxies to massive clusters. Using the unprecedentedly high resolution and powerful statistics of the $ν^2$GC simulations, we provide statistical results of the halo mass function, mass accretion rate, formation redshift, and merger statistics, and present accurate fitting functions for the Planck cosmology. By combining the $ν^2$GC simulations with our new semi-analytic galaxy formation model, we are able to prepare mock catalogs of galaxies and active galactic nuclei, which will be made publicly available in the near future.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures, accepted, simulation data can be downloaded on http://hpc.imit.chiba-u.jp/~nngc/
Unraveling effective extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 inhibitors: a de novo drug design strategy enhanced by in-depth in silico analyses
Creators: name: Hassan, Heba Ali
name: Muhammed, Sara S.
name: Al-Khdhairawi, Ahmad
name: Abdelwahab, Sayed F.
name: Abdel-Rahman, Islam M.
name: Abdelhamid, Mahmoud M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK-2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase in eukaryotic cells and belongs to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. An activated form of ERK-2 phosphorylates substrates in the nucleus or cytoplasm and causes specific proteins to be expressed or activated, regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and other functions. Caffeic acid (3,4 − dihydroxy cinnamic acid), as previously reported, directly interacts with ERK-2 and reduces its effects in vitro. It is also reported to have a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities. In the current study, a deep-learning protocol was employed to develop effective 100 compounds by modifying the chemical structure of DHC to improve its inhibitory performance against ERK-2. Calculations of physicochemical properties for those compounds revealed that 20 compounds had drug scores better than DHC (≥ 80%). Following that, molecular docking calculations were performed on the selected compounds and DHC. The obtained data revealed that five compounds had docking scores better than DHC (≥ −5.9 kcal/mol). Moreover, data from molecular mechanics and the Poisson − Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) binding energy over 200 ns MD simulation confirmed that Cmd-1 and Cmd-4 exhibited higher stability with ΔGbinding of −40.8 and −49.1 kcal/mol, respectively, which is better than DHC (−35.1 kcal/mol). Finally, various energetic and structural studies showed the high stability of the two generated compounds within the active site of ERK-2. This study highlights the potential use of Cmd-1 and Cmd-4 as promising anti-ERK-2 drug candidates. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Integral pentagon relations for 3d superconformal indices
Creators: name: Gahramanov, Ilmar
name: Rosengren, Hjalmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T60, 33D60, 33E20, 33D90

description: The superconformal index of a three-dimensional supersymmetric field theory can be expressed in terms of basic hypergeometric integrals. By comparing the indices of dual theories, one can find new integral identities for basic hypergeometric integrals. Some of these integral identities have the form of the pentagon identity which can be interpreted as the 2-3 Pachner move for triangulated 3-manifolds.
description: 9 pages. Based on arXiv:1309.2195 with new results and comments. Presented at String-Math conference, Edmonton, Canada, June 9-13, 2014; v2: minor corrections and comments added
title: Lattice Boltzmann simulations of environmental flow problems in shallow water flows
Creators: name: Peng, Yong
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) proposed about decades ago has been developed and applied to simulate various complex fluids. It has become an alternative powerful method for computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Although most research on the LBM focuses on the Navier-Stokes equations, the method has also been developed to solve other flow equations such as the shallow water equations. In this thesis, the lattice Boltzmann models for the shallow water equations and solute transport equation have been improved and applied to different flows and environmental problems, including solute transport and morphological evolution. In this work, both the single-relaxation-time and multiple-relaxation-time models are used for shallow water equations (named LABSWE and LABSWEMRT, respectively), and the large eddy simulation is incorporated into the LABSWE (named LABSWETM) for turbulent flow. The capability of the LABSWETM was firstly tested by applying it to simulate free surface flows in rectangular basins with different length -width ratios, in which the characteristics of the asymmetrical flows were studied in details. The LABSWEMRT was then used to simulate the one- and two-dimensional shallow water flows over discontinuous beds. The weighted centred scheme for force term, together with the bed height for a bed slope, was incorporated into the model to improve the simulation of water flows over a discontinuous bed. The resistance stress was also included to investigate the effect of the local head loss caused by flows over a step. Thirdly, the LABSWEMRT was extended to simulate a moving body in shallow water. In order to deal with the moving boundaries, three different schemes with second-order accuracy were tested and compared for treating curved boundaries. An additional momentum term was added to reflect the interaction between the following fluid and the solid, and a refilled method was proposed to treat the wetted nodes moving out from the solid nodes. Fourthly, both LABSWE and LABSWEMRT were used to investigate solute transport in shallow water. The flows are solved using LABSWE and LABSWEMRT, and the advection-diffusion equation for solute transport was solved with a LBM-BGK model based on the D2Q5 lattice. Three cases: open channel flow with a side discharge, shallow recirculation flow and flow in a harbour, were simulated to verify the methods. In addition, the performance of LABSWEMRT and LABSWE were compared, and the results showed that the LABSWMRT has better stability and can be used for flow with high Reynolds number. Finally, the lattice Boltzmann method was used with the Euler-WENO scheme to simulate morphological evolution in shallow water. The flow fields were solved by the LABSWEMRT with the improved scheme for the force term, and the fifth order Euler-WENO scheme was used to solve the morphological equation to predict the morphological evolution caused by the bed-load transport.
Prothoracicotropic Hormone Regulates Developmental Timing and Body Size in Drosophila
Creators: name: Shimell, MaryJane
name: Beckstead, Robert B.
name: O'Connor, Michael B.
name: Parvy, Jean-Philippe
name: McBrayer, Zofeyah
name: Dauphin-Villemant, Chantal
name: Thummel, Carl S.
name: Warren, James T.
name: Ono, Hajime
name: Gilbert, Lawrence I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: In insects, control of body size is intimately linked to nutritional quality as well as environmental and genetic cues that regulate the timing of developmental transitions. Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) has been proposed to play an essential role in regulating the production and/or release of ecdysone, a steroid hormone that stimulates molting and metamorphosis. In this report we examine the consequences on Drosophila development of ablating the PTTH-producing neurons. Surprisingly, PTTH production is not essential for molting or metamorphosis. Instead, loss of PTTH results in delayed larval development and eclosion of larger flies with more cells. Prolonged feeding, without changing the rate of growth, causes the developmental delay and is a consequence of low ecdysteroid titers. These results indicate that final body size in insects is determined by a balance between growth rate regulators such as insulin and developmental timing cues such as PTTH that set the duration of the feeding interval.
An in silico molecular docking, ADMET and molecular dynamics simulations studies of azolyl-2H-chroman-4-ones as potential inhibitors against pathogenic fungi and bacteria
Creators: name: Chandrika, K. V. S. Mani
name: V., Prathyusha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Antimicrobial resistance is a major global threat. In an attempt to discover new compounds with improved efficiency and to overcome drug resistance, a library of 3960 compounds was designed as conformationally rigid analogues of oxiconazole with 2H-chroman-4-one, azole and substituted phenyl fragments. The antifungal and antibacterial activity of the compounds was evaluated using molecular docking studies in the active site of six fungal and four bacterial proteins to establish the binding affinity of the designed ligands. In-silico ADME and Lipinski’s rule were used to establish the drug-likeness properties of the compounds. This study revealed that all the designed compounds had a high binding affinity with the target proteins and formed H-bond and π-π interactions. The identified hits have been subjected to molecular dynamics simulations to study protein-ligand complex stability. This study has led to the identification of important compounds that can be developed further as therapeutic agents against pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma Virtual screening of a library of 3960 2H-chroman-4-one derivatives against pathogenic fungi and bacteria Screened via molecular docking, ADME and Lipinski filter Bind to the active site of the protein target with good binding affinity MD simulation shows stability of the protein-ligand complex of identified hits
Unterstützte Kommunikation für Menschen mit schwerer und mehrfacher Beeinträchtigung. Begünstigende und hemmende Faktoren in der Umsetzung von Modelling – eine Erhebung in der Sonderschule
Creators: name: Oertle, Marie Kathrin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit
Unterstützte Kommunikation
Kommunikation
schwere und mehrfache Beeinträchtigung

description: Modelling stellt in der Kommunikationsförderung ein zentrales Element dar, wie Unterstützte Kommunikation vermittelt werden kann. Die Diagnostik für die Ausgestaltung der Interventionen berücksichtigt zumeist primär das linguistische Fähigkeitsprofil, weniger die Situation der Kommunikationspartner:innen. Gerade für Kinder mit schweren und mehrfachen Beeinträchtigungen verläuft die Sprach- und Kommunikationsentwicklung in höchstem Masse asymmetrisch, weshalb sie auf angepasstes Kommunikationsverhalten ihrer Bezugspersonen angewiesen sind. Die Arbeit untersucht mittels einer Fragebogenerhebung, welche begünstigenden und hemmenden Faktoren das Schulpersonal einer Sonderschule aus ihrer Perspektive in Bezug auf die Umsetzung von Modelling wahrnehmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Befragten häufig ähnliche Gelingensbedingungen und hemmende Faktoren nennen und Interesse an der Verbesserung der Situation besteht.
title: The importance of innate resistance genes in respiratory syncytial virus replication in airway epithelial cells
Creators: name: Apperley, Louise
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: Introduction: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory symptoms in infants, the elderly and the immunosuppressed worldwide. Approximately 70% of children become infected with RSV during their first year of life, and by the age of three almost all children will have been exposed to the virus. Approximately 2-3% of RSV infected infants require hospital admission. The aims of my MPhil project were as follows: • To determine whether I could ‘knockdown’ using siRNA, the expression of 26 innate resistance genes in airway epithelial cells, previously known to limit influenza. • To determine which genes provide protection against both influenza and RSV, by infecting ‘knockdown’ cultured epithelial cells with RSV, and measuring viral replication and RSV N gene expression. • To further investigate the significance of these results by focusing on three of these genes in more detail. Methods: SiRNA was used to knockdown genes in A549 cell cultures. They were infected with RSV A2 strain two days after siRNA transfection, and a further two days later, mRNA was extracted and isolated from the cells. These samples were reverse transcribed, and RSV N gene expression analysed through real-time PCR. Further study on genes required the use of antibody staining, fluorescent-labelled RSV and confocal microscopy. Results: Initially, PCR assays were optimised and quantitative, and RSV concentration was standardised. Efficiency of siRNA reagent was proved with gene expression knocked down > 60%. Following RSV infection of these knocked down cultures, 20/26 genes were found to up-regulate RSV N gene expression after their gene expression had been reduced. Two genes (RNF168 and RFFL) caused a large increase in RSV expression after knockdown and so were investigated further as well as, UBE2G2, an associated protein, identified through an online database. Unfortunately, the impressive changes in RSV replication previously seen on knocking down RNF168 and RFFL could not be repeated, and UBE2G2 was found to have little effect on RSV replication. GPR34, which when knocked down caused morphological changes on light microscopy, was also studied further using red fluorescent-labelled RSV and antibodies. This protein was found to be located around the periphery of the cell and possibly around the nucleus, with protein knockdown causing blebbing of the cell membrane. Discussion: This work has shown that 20/26 genes previously reported to offer some protection against influenza, also provide some protection against RSV. These findings further our understanding of the pathogenesis of RSV disease, and highlight possible avenues for future therapeutic research. These might involve increasing expression of these 'innate resistance genes' in the respiratory epithelium.
Near-field microscopy with a scanning nitrogen-vacancy color center in a diamond nanocrystal: A brief review
Creators: name: Drezet, A.
name: Sonnefraud, Y.
name: Cuche, A.
name: Mollet, O.
name: Berthel, M.
name: Huant, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review our recent developments of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) that uses an active tip made of a single fluorescent nanodiamond (ND) grafted onto the apex of a substrate fiber tip. The ND hosting a limited number of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers, such a tip is a scanning quantum source of light. The method for preparing the ND-based tips and their basic properties are summarized. Then we discuss theoretically the concept of spatial resolution that is achievable in this special NSOM configuration and find it to be only limited by the scan height over the imaged system, in contrast with the standard aperture-tip NSOM whose resolution depends critically on both the scan height and aperture diameter. Finally, we describe a scheme we have introduced recently for high-resolution imaging of nanoplasmonic structures with ND-based tips that is capable of approaching the ultimate resolution anticipated by theory.
description: AD, AC, OM, MB and SH wish to dedicate this brief review article to their co-author and colleague Yannick Sonnefraud who passed away in September 2014. Yannick initiated this research in 2008
The PAR Proteins: Fundamental Players in Animal Cell Polarization
Creators: name: Macara, Ian G.
name: Goldstein, Bob
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The par genes were discovered in genetic screens for regulators of cytoplasmic partitioning in the early embryo of C. elegans, and encode six different proteins required for asymmetric cell division by the worm zygote. Some of the PAR proteins are localized asymmetrically and form physical complexes with one another. Strikingly, the PAR proteins have been found to regulate cell polarization in many different contexts in diverse animals, suggesting they form part of an ancient and fundamental mechanism for cell polarization. Although the picture of how the PAR proteins function remains incomplete, cell biology and biochemistry are beginning to explain how PAR proteins polarize cells.
Spectroscopic characterization of X-ray emitting young stars associated with the Sh 2-296 nebula
Creators: name: Fernandes, B.
name: Gregorio-Hetem, J.
name: Montmerle, T.
name: Rojas, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied a sample of stars associated with the Sh 2-296 nebula, part of the reflection nebulae complex in the region of Canis Major (CMa R1). Our sample corresponds to optical counterparts of X-ray sources detected from observations with the XMM-Newton satellite, which revealed dozens of possible low-mass young stars not yet known in this region. A sample of 58 young star candidates were selected based on optical spectral features, mainly Hα and lithium lines, observed with multi-objects spectroscopy performed by the Gemini South telescope. Among the candidates, we find 41 confirmed T Tauri and 15 very likely young stars. Based on the Hα emission, the T Tauri stars were distinguished between classical (17%) and weak-lined (83%), but no significant difference was found in the age and mass distribution of these two classes. The characterization of the sample was complemented by near- and mid-infrared data, providing an estimate of ages and masses from the comparison with pre-main-sequence evolutionary models. While half of the young stars have an age of 1-2 Myrs or less, only a small fraction (~25%) shows evidence of IR excess revealing the presence of circumstellar discs. This low fraction is quite rare compared to most young star-forming regions, suggesting that some external factor has accelerated the disc dissipation.
Intrinsic Negative Cell Cycle Regulation Provided by PIP Box- and Cul4Cdt2-Mediated Destruction of E2f1 during S Phase
Creators: name: Reis, Tânia
name: Turbyfill, William J.
name: Tran, Vuong
name: Shibutani, Shusaku T.
name: Duronio, Robert J.
name: Edgar, Bruce A.
name: de la Cruz, Aida Flor A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: E2F transcription factors are key regulators of cell proliferation that are inhibited by pRb family tumor suppressors. pRb-independent modes of E2F inhibition have also been described, but their contribution to animal development and tumor suppression is unclear. Here we show that S phase-specific destruction of Drosophila E2f1 provides a novel mechanism for cell cycle regulation. E2f1 destruction is mediated by a PCNA-interacting-protein (PIP) motif in E2f1 and the Cul4Cdt2 E3 ubiquitin ligase, and requires the Dp dimerization partner but not direct Cdk phosphorylation or Rbf1 binding. E2f1 lacking a functional PIP motif accumulates inappropriately during S phase and is more potent than wild type E2f1 at accelerating cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. Thus, S phase-coupled destruction is a key negative regulator of E2f1 activity. We propose that pRb-independent inhibition of E2F during S phase is an evolutionarily conserved feature of the metazoan cell cycle that is necessary for development.
Vertebrate CASTOR Is Required for Differentiation of Cardiac Precursor Cells at the Ventral Midline
Creators: name: Christine, Kathleen S.
name: Conlon, Frank L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The CASTOR (CST) transcription factor was initially identified for its role in maintaining stem cell competence in the Drosophila dorsal midline. Here we report that Xenopus CST affects cardiogenesis. In CST-depleted embryos, cardiomyocytes at the ventral midline arrest and are maintained as cardiac progenitors, while cells in more dorsal regions of the heart undergo their normal program of differentiation. Cardia bifida results from failed midline differentiation, even though cardiac cell migration and initial cell fate specification occur normally. Our fate mapping studies reveal that this ventral midline population of cardiomyocytes ultimately gives rise to the outer curvature of the heart; however, CST-depleted midline cells overproliferate and remain a coherent population of nonintegrated cells positioned on the outer wall of the ventricle. These midline-specific requirements for CST suggest the regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation is regionalized along a dorsal-ventral axis and that this patterning occurs prior to heart tube formation.
title: Epitaxy on quasicrystals: metals, semi-metals and molecules
Creators: name: Young, Kirsty
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: The research described in this doctoral thesis involves the experimental investigation of heteroepitaxial growth at quasicrystal surfaces. The aim is to further extend fundamental surface growth studies to such complex intermetallics and to form high quality, single-component quasicrystalline layers. The experiments included involve deposition of Cu, Bi, pentacene and carbon-60 on quasiperiodic surfaces. The formation and structure of these adsorbate layers on di�fferent quasicrystalline surfaces are analysed with surface science techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements con�rmed complete �first layer followed by island growth mode of Bi on i-AlPdMn. Upon heating of the layer, stable monolayer and submonolayer coverages were observed supporting a strongly bound layer and the initial nucleation of stable, pentagonal clusters. Low energy electron di�raction patterns of the multilayer show that the {111}-rhombohedral islands are rotationally epitaxial with the substrate while the {012}-rhombohedral islands are not. The atomic structure and size of islands are measured with scanning tunnelling microscopy. A higher flux of Bi is found to inhibit the morphological transformation of the thin �film to {111}-rhombohedral islands. Scanning tunnelling microscopy of pentacene adsorption on i-AlPdMn found the molecules to be chemisorbed in a disordered, at layer at the surface. The same arrangement of molecules is observed for adsorption on a quasicrystalline Bi monolayer, while ordered rows of molecules are evidenced on the latter {012}- rhombohedral Bi islands. Pentacene formed incommensurate layers composed of dense, periodic rows, on the aperiodic vicinal Cu structure on i-AlPdMn. DFT calculations of naphthalene adsorption at the surface supported and detailed the adsorption sites of the acene along the rows. Cu exhibited 3-D cluster growth on i-AgInYb and on a pseudomorphic Bi layer at this surface. The Cu absorbs on the truncated, rhombic triacontrahedral clusters leading to some initial ordering. A pentacene monolayer on i-AgInYb successfully formed the �first epitaxial, quasiperiodic molecular overlayer to be observed experimentally. The layer is composed of many clusters with pentagonal symmetry and a large degree of orientational alignment along high symmetry directions of the substrate is observed. C60 grew in a disordered fashion on a Bi monolayer at i-AgInYb, although some local partial C60 clusters possessing 5- and 10-fold symmetry were observed at low submonolayer coverage.
Anonymous broadcasting of classical information with a continuous-variable topological quantum code
Creators: name: Menicucci, Nicolas C.
name: Baragiola, Ben Q.
name: Demarie, Tommaso F.
name: Brennen, Gavin K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Broadcasting information anonymously becomes more difficult as surveillance technology improves, but remarkably, quantum protocols exist that enable provably traceless broadcasting. The difficulty is making scalable entangled resource states that are robust to errors. We propose an anonymous broadcasting protocol that uses a continuous-variable surface-code state that can be produced using current technology. High squeezing enables large transmission bandwidth and strong anonymity, and the topological nature of the state enables local error mitigation.
description: (v4) added references, modified figures for clarity (23 pages, 9 figures)
Thermalization Processes in Interacting Anderson Insulators
Creators: name: Ovadyahu, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes experiments utilizing a unique property of electron-glasses to gain information on the fundamental nature of the interacting Anderson-localized phase. The methodology is based on measuring the energy absorbed by the electronic system from alternating electromagnetic fields as function of their frequency. Experiments on three-dimensional (3D) amorphous indium-oxide films suggest that, in the strongly localized regime, the energy spectrum is discrete and inelastic electron-electron events are strongly suppressed. These results imply that, at low temperatures, electron thermalization and finite conductivity depend on coupling to the phonon bath. The situation is different for samples nearing the metal-insulator transition; in insulating samples that are close to the mobility-edge, energy absorption persists to much higher frequencies. Comparing these results with previously studied 2D samples [Ovadyahu, Phys. Rev. Lett., 108, 156602 (2012)] demonstrates that the mean-level spacing (on a single-particle basis) is not the only relevant scale in this problem. The possibility of de-localization by many-body effects and the relevance of a nearby mobility-edge (which may be a many-body edge) are discussed.
description: Published version
Three Decades of Change in Australia’s University Workforce
Creators: name: CROUCHER, GWILYM
Publisher: name: University of Melbourne
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education

description: The Australian higher education workforce has been reshaped in recent decades. Changes to management practices and rules around industrial relations, the creation of new universities in the 1990s and the growth of international education markets have all influenced the academic and professional workforce in Australia. This paper examines national level data on university workforce changes from 1989 to 2021. It highlights that despite the relative stability, there have been sector-wide shifts with clear implications for the future of Australian universities.