cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Executable Behaviour and the π-Calculus (extended abstract)
Creators: name: Luttik, Bas
name: Yang, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.1; F.1.2; F.3.2

description: Reactive Turing machines extend classical Turing machines with a facility to model observable interactive behaviour. We call a behaviour executable if, and only if, it is behaviourally equivalent to the behaviour of a reactive Turing machine. In this paper, we study the relationship between executable behaviour and behaviour that can be specified in the pi-calculus. We establish that all executable behaviour can be specified in the pi-calculus up to divergence-preserving branching bisimilarity. The converse, however, is not true due to (intended) limitations of the model of reactive Turing machines. That is, the pi-calculus allows the specification of behaviour that is not executable up to divergence-preserving branching bisimilarity. Motivated by an intuitive understanding of executability, we then consider a restriction on the operational semantics of the pi-calculus that does associate with every pi-term executable behaviour, at least up to the version of branching bisimilarity that does not require the preservation of divergence.
description: In Proceedings ICE 2015, arXiv:1508.04595. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1410.4512
Chirping compact stars: gravitational radiation and detection degeneracy with binary systems A conceptual pathfinder for space-based gravitational-wave observatories
Creators: name: Rodriguez, J. F.
name: Rueda, J. A.
name: Ruffini, R.
name: Zuluaga, J. I.
name: Blanco-Iglesias, J. M.
name: Loren-Aguilar, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compressible, Riemann S-type ellipsoids can emit gravitational waves (GWs) with a chirp-like behavior (hereafter chirping ellipsoids, CELs). We show that the GW frequency-amplitude evolution of CELs (mass $\sim 1$~M$_\odot$, radius $\sim10^3$~km, polytropic equation of state with index $n\approx 3$) is indistinguishable from that emitted by double white dwarfs (DWDs) and by extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) composed of an intermediate-mass (e.g.~$10^3~M_\odot$) black hole and a planet-like (e.g.~$10^{-4}~M_\odot$) companion, in a specific frequency interval within the detector sensitivity band in which the GWs of all these systems are quasi-monochromatic. We estimate that for reasonable astrophysical assumptions, the rates in the local Universe of CELs, DWDs and EMRIs in the mass range considered here, are very similar, posing a detection-degeneracy challenge for space-based GW detectors. The astrophysical implications of this CEL-binary detection degeneracy by space-based GW-detection facilities, are outlined.
description: Published JCAP
Stellar convective cores as dark matter probes
Creators: name: Casanellas, Jordi
name: Brandão, Isa M.
name: Lebreton, Yveline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent detection of a convective core in a main-sequence solar-type star is used here to test particular models of dark matter (DM) particles, those with masses and scattering cross sections in the range of interest for the DM interpretation of the positive results in several DM direct detection experiments. If DM particles do not effectively self-annihilate after accumulating inside low-mass stars (e.g. in the asymmetric DM scenario) their conduction provides an efficient mechanism of energy transport in the stellar core. For main-sequence stars with masses between 1.1 and 1.3 Msun, this mechanism may lead to the suppression of the inner convective region expected to be present in standard stellar evolution theory. The asteroseismic analysis of the acoustic oscillations of a star can prove the presence/absence of such a convective core, as it was demonstrated for the first time with the Kepler field main-sequence solar-like pulsator, KIC 2009505. Studying this star we found that the asymmetric DM interpretation of the results in the CoGeNT experiment is incompatible with the confirmed presence of a small convective core in KIC 2009505.
description: to appear on Physical Review D
Log-Sobolev inequality for the continuum sine-Gordon model
Creators: name: Bauerschmidt, Roland
name: Bodineau, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a multiscale generalisation of the Bakry--Émery criterion for a measure to satisfy a Log-Sobolev inequality. Our criterion relies on the control of an associated PDE well known in renormalisation theory: the Polchinski equation. It implies the usual Bakry--Émery criterion, but we show that it remains effective for measures which are far from log-concave. Indeed, using our criterion, we prove that the massive continuum Sine-Gordon model with $β< 6π$ satisfies asymptotically optimal Log-Sobolev inequalities for Glauber and Kawasaki dynamics. These dynamics can be seen as singular SPDEs recently constructed via regularity structures, but our results are independent of this theory.
description: Accepted version, to appear in CPAM
Bayesian sample size determination in basket trials borrowing information between subsets
Creators: name: Zheng, Haiyan
name: Grayling, Michael J.
name: Mozgunov, Pavel
name: Jaki, Thomas
name: Wason, James M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Basket trials are increasingly used for the simultaneous evaluation of a new treatment in various patient subgroups under one overarching protocol. We propose a Bayesian approach to sample size determination in basket trials that permit borrowing of information between commensurate subsets. Specifically, we consider a randomised basket trial design where patients are randomly assigned to the new treatment or a control within each trial subset (`subtrial' for short). Closed-form sample size formulae are derived to ensure each subtrial has a specified chance of correctly deciding whether the new treatment is superior to or not better than the control by some clinically relevant difference. Given pre-specified levels of pairwise (in)commensurability, the subtrial sample sizes are solved simultaneously. The proposed Bayesian approach resembles the frequentist formulation of the problem in yielding comparable sample sizes for circumstances of no borrowing. When borrowing is enabled between commensurate subtrials, a considerably smaller trial sample size is required compared to the widely implemented approach of no borrowing. We illustrate the use of our sample size formulae with two examples based on real basket trials. A comprehensive simulation study further shows that the proposed methodology can maintain the true positive and false positive rates at desired levels.
description: A submitted paper with 18 pages (inclusive of 3 figures and 1 table) and 9 pages of Supplementary Materials
Ultrasonography Findings in Diabetes and Diabetes Gastroparesis: A meta-analysis
Creators: name: Utari, Amanda Pitarini
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: The gold standard for diagnosis of diabetes gastropareis (DG) is with gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) examination. However, GES is not available in every healthcare center worldwide and the cost for examination is rather expensive, unlike ultrasonography (USG) examination. This study aims to evaluate gastric changes monitored with USG in diabetes mellitus (DM) and DG. This study aims to evaluate gastric changes monitored with USG in DM and DG.
Default Patterning Produces Pan-cortical Glutamatergic and CGE/LGE-like GABAergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Creators: name: Du, Ruofei
name: Weick, Jason P.
name: Kang, Huining
name: Stein, Jason L.
name: Floruta, Crina M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Default differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells has been promoted as a model of cortical development. In this study, a developmental transcriptome analysis of default-differentiated hPSNs revealed a gene expression program resembling in vivo CGE/LGE subpallial domains and GABAergic signaling. A combination of bioinformatic, functional, and immunocytochemical analysis further revealed that hPSNs consist of both cortical glutamatergic and CGE-like GABAergic neurons. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the heterogeneous group of neurons produced by default differentiation and insight into future directed differentiation strategies.
Neutrino Emission from Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients
Creators: name: Guarini, Ersilia
name: Tamborra, Irene
name: Margutti, Raffaella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mounting evidence suggests that Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients (LFBOTs) are powered by a compact object, launching an asymmetric and fast outflow responsible for the radiation observed in the ultraviolet, optical, infrared, radio, and X-ray bands. Proposed scenarios aiming to explain the electromagnetic emission include an inflated cocoon, surrounding a jet choked in the extended stellar envelope. In alternative, the observed radiation may arise from the disk formed by the delayed merger of a black hole with a Wolf-Rayet star. We explore the neutrino production in these scenarios, i.e. internal shocks in a choked jet and interaction between the outflow and the circumstellar medium (CSM). If observed on-axis, the choked jet provides the dominant contribution to the neutrino fluence. Intriguingly, the IceCube upper limit on the neutrino emission inferred from the closest LFBOT, AT2018cow, excludes a region of the parameter space otherwise allowed by electromagnetic observations. After correcting for the Eddington bias on the observation of cosmic neutrinos, we conclude that the emission from an on-axis choked jet and CSM interaction is compatible with the detection of two track-like neutrino events observed by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in coincidence with AT2018cow, and otherwise considered to be of atmospheric origin. While the neutrino emission from LFBOTs does not constitute the bulk of the diffuse background of neutrinos observed by IceCube, detection prospects of nearby LFBOTs with IceCube and the upcoming IceCube-Gen2 are encouraging. Follow-up neutrino searches will be crucial for unravelling the mechanism powering this emergent transient class.
description: 23 pages, including 9 figures and 1 appendix. Minor changes, matches version accepted for publication in ApJ
Detecting isomorphisms in the homotopy category
Creators: name: Arlin, Kevin
name: Christensen, J. Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55U35, 18A30, 55P65

description: We show that the homotopy category of unpointed spaces admits no set of objects jointly reflecting isomorphisms by giving an explicit counterexample involving large symmetric groups. We also show that, in contrast, the spheres jointly reflect equivalences in the homotopy 2-category of spaces. The non-existence of such a set in the homotopy category was originally claimed by Heller, but his argument relied on the statement that for every set of spaces, long enough transfinite sequential diagrams admit weak colimits which are privileged with respect to the given set. Using the theory of graphs of groups, we show that this statement is false, by proving that for every ordinal with uncountable cofinality, there is a diagram indexed by that ordinal which admits no weak colimit that is privileged with respect to the spheres.
description: 12 pages
A framework for the measurement and prediction of an individual scientist's performance
Creators: name: Poder, Endel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantitative bibliometric indicators are widely used to evaluate the performance of scientists. However, traditional indicators do not much rely on the analysis of the processes intended to measure and the practical goals of the measurement. In this study, I propose a simple framework to measure and predict an individual researcher's scientific performance that takes into account the main regularities of publication and citation processes and the requirements of practical tasks. Statistical properties of the new indicator - a scientist's personal impact rate - are illustrated by its application to a sample of Estonian researchers.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Gravitationally induced particle production in scalar-tensor $f(R,T)$ gravity
Creators: name: Pinto, Miguel A. S.
name: Harko, Tiberiu
name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possibility of gravitationally generated particle production in the scalar-tensor representation of $f(R,T)$ gravity. Due to the explicit nonminimal curvature-matter coupling in the theory, the divergence of the matter energy-momentum tensor does not vanish. We explore the physical and cosmological implications of this property by using the formalism of irreversible thermodynamics of open systems in the presence of matter creation/annihilation. The particle creation rates, pressure, temperature evolution and the expression of the comoving entropy are obtained in a covariant formulation and discussed in detail. Applied together with the gravitational field equations, the thermodynamics of open systems lead to a generalization of the standard $Λ$CDM cosmological paradigm, in which the particle creation rates and pressures are effectively considered as components of the cosmological fluid energy-momentum tensor. We also consider specific models, and compare the scalar-tensor $f(R,T)$ cosmology with the $Λ$CDM scenario and the observational data for the Hubble function. The properties of the particle creation rates, of the creation pressures, and entropy generation through gravitational matter production are further investigated in both the low and high redshift limits.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures. V2: 16 pages, 6 figures; extensive discussion and references added. V3: matches published version
Magnetically-textured superconductivity in elemental Rhenium
Creators: name: Csire, Gábor
name: Annett, James
name: Quintanilla, Jorge
name: Újfalussy, Balázs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent $μ$SR measurements revealed remarkable signatures of spontaneous magnetism coexisting with superconductivity in elemental rhenium. Here we provide a quantitative theory that uncovers the nature of the superconducting instability by incorporating every details of the electronic structure together with spin-orbit coupling and multi-orbital physics. We show that conventional $s$-wave superconductivity combined with strong spin-orbit coupling is inducing even-parity odd-orbital spin triplet Cooper pairs, and in presence of a screw axis Cooper pairs' migration between the induced equal-spin triplet component leads to an exotic magnetic state.
Long Noncoding RNA Moderates MicroRNA Activity to Maintain Self-Renewal in Embryonic Stem Cells
Creators: name: Miller, Sarah C.
name: Magnuson, Terry
name: Starmer, Joshua
name: Sethupathy, Praveen
name: Smith, Keriayn N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Of the thousands of long noncoding RNAs expressed in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), few have known roles and fewer have been functionally implicated in the regulation of self-renewal and pluripotency, or the reprogramming of somatic cells to the pluripotent state. In ESCs, Cyrano is a stably expressed long intergenic noncoding RNA with no previously assigned role. We demonstrate that Cyrano contributes to ESC maintenance, as its depletion results in the loss of hallmarks of self-renewal. Delineation of Cyrano's network through transcriptomics revealed widespread effects on signaling pathways and gene expression networks that contribute to ESC maintenance. Cyrano shares unique sequence complementarity with the differentiation-associated microRNA, mir-7, and mir-7 overexpression reduces expression of a key self-renewal factor to a similar extent as Cyrano knockdown. This suggests that Cyrano functions to restrain the action of mir-7. Altogether, we provide a view into the multifaceted function of Cyrano in ESC maintenance.
Helicons in Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Pellegrino, Francesco M. D.
name: Katsnelson, Mikhail I.
name: Polini, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Helicons are transverse electromagnetic waves propagating in three-dimensional (3D) electron systems subject to a static magnetic field. We present a theory of helicons propagating through a 3D Weyl semimetal. Our approach relies on the evaluation of the optical conductivity tensor from semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory, with the inclusion of certain Berry curvature corrections that have been neglected in the earlier literature (such as the one due to the orbital magnetic moment). We demonstrate that the axion term characterizing the electromagnetic response of Weyl semimetals dramatically alters the helicon dispersion with respect to that in nontopological metals. We also discuss axion-related anomalies that appear in the plasmon dispersion relation.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Criteria for energy conditions
Creators: name: Maeda, Hideki
name: Harada, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In model building studies, it is important to check the energy conditions for the corresponding energy-momentum tensor determined by the gravitational field equations in order to single out physically reasonable models. In this process, one often encounters a situation where the energy-momentum tensor has one off-diagonal "space-time" component in the frame with an orthonormal basis in a given spacetime. We derive useful criteria of energy-momentum tensors for their Hawking-Ellis types and the standard energy conditions in such situations. As demonstrations, we apply those criteria to four different systems.
description: 24 pages, 2 tables, no figure; v2, proof of Lemma 1 improved, section 3.4 for a minimally coupled scalar field added, final version to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Exact solution of free entropy for matrix-valued geometric Brownian motion with non-commutative matrices via the replica method
Creators: name: Okuyama, Manaka
name: Ohzeki, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geometric Brownian motion (GBM) is a standard model in stochastic differential equations. In this study, we consider a matrix-valued GBM with non-commutative matrices. Introduction of non-commutative matrices into the matrix-valued GBM makes it difficult to obtain an exact solution because the existence of noise terms prevents diagonalization. However, we show that the replica method enables us to overcome this difficulty. We map the trace of the time evolution operator of the matrix-valued GBM with non-commutative matrices into the partition function of the isotropic Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model used in quantum spin systems. Then, solving the eigenvalue problem of the isotropic Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, we obtain an analytical expression of the free entropy. Numerical simulation is consistent with our analytical result. Thus, our expression is the exact solution of the free entropy for the matrix-valued GBM with non-commutative matrices.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Fine gradings and automorphism groups on associative algebras
Creators: name: Rodrigo-Escudero, Adrián
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W50 (Primary), 16W20 (Secondary)

description: First we prove that any inner automorphism in the stabilizer of a graded-simple unital associative algebra whose grading group is abelian is the conjugation by a homogeneous element. Now consider a grading by an abelian group on an associative algebra such that the algebra is graded-simple and satisfies the DCC on graded left ideals. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the grading to be fine. Then we assume that one of these necessary conditions to be fine is satisfied, and we compute the automorphism groups of the grading; the results are expressed in terms of the automorphism groups of a graded-division algebra. Finally we compute the automorphism groups of graded-division algebras in the case in which the ground field is the field of real numbers, and the underlying algebra (disregarding the grading) is simple and of finite dimension.
description: 15 pages
The impact of a massive Sagittarius dSph on GD-1-like streams
Creators: name: Dillamore, Adam M.
name: Belokurov, Vasily
name: Evans, N. Wyn
name: Price-Whelan, Adrian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of a massive ($\gtrsim4\times10^{10}M_\odot$) Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr) on stellar streams using test particle simulations in a realistic Milky Way potential. We find that Sgr can easily disrupt streams formed more than $\sim3$ Gyr ago, while stars stripped more recently are generally unaffected. In certain realizations, Sgr is able to produce asymmetry between the leading and trailing tails of Pal 5, qualitatively similar to observations. Using data from the Gaia space telescope and elsewhere, we fit models to the GD-1 stream in the presence of a Sgr with various initial masses. While the best-fitting models do show perturbations resulting from interactions with Sgr, we find that the level of disruption is not significantly greater than in the observed stream. To investigate the general effects of Sgr on a population of streams, we generate 1000 mock streams on GD-1-like orbits with randomized orientations. Some streams show clear evidence of disruption, becoming folded on the sky or developing asymmetry betweeen their two tails. However, many survive unaffected and the peak surface brightness of stars is decreased by no more than $\sim0.3$ mag/arcsec$^2$ on average. We conclude that Sgr having an initial mass of $\gtrsim4\times10^{10}M_\odot$ is compatible with the survival and detection of streams formed more than 3 Gyr ago.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, published in MNRAS. Animated figures can be found at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEleLLhXAwEMx6GcSror-iF-QsskHrXYM
Re-patterning of H3K27me3, H3K4me3 and DNA methylation during fibroblast conversion into induced cardiomyocytes
Creators: name: Zhou, Yang
name: Qian, Li
name: Zheng, Michael
name: Liu, Ziqing
name: Yin, Chaoying
name: Wang, Li
name: Chen, Olivia
name: Liu, Jiandong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Direct conversion of fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) offers an alternative strategy for cardiac disease modeling and regeneration. During iCM reprogramming, the starting fibroblasts must overcome existing epigenetic barriers to acquire the CM-like chromatin pattern. However, epigenetic dynamics along this reprogramming process have not been studied. Here, we took advantage of our recently generated polycistronic system and determined the dynamics of two critical histone marks, H3K27me3 and H3K4me3, in parallel with gene expression at a set of carefully selected cardiac and fibroblast loci during iCM reprogramming. We observed reduced H3K27me3 and increased H3K4me3 at cardiac promoters as early as day 3, paralleled by a rapid significant increase in their mRNA expression. In contrast, H3K27me3 at loci encoding fibroblast marker genes did not increase until day 10 and H3K4me3 progressively decreased along the reprogramming process; these changes were accompanied by a gradual decrease in the mRNA expression of fibroblast marker genes. Further analyses of fibroblast-enriched transcription factors revealed a similarly late deposition of H3K27me3 and decreased mRNA expression of Sox9, Twist1 and Twist2, three important players in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our data suggest early rapid activation of the cardiac program and later progressive suppression of fibroblast fate at both epigenetic and transcriptional levels. Additionally, we determined the DNA methylation states of representative cardiac promoters and found that not every single CpG was equally demethylated during early stage of iCM reprogramming. Rather, there are specific CpGs, whose demethylation states correlated tightly with transcription activation, that we propose are the major contributing CpGs. Our work thus reveals a differential re-patterning of H3K27me3, H3K4me3 at cardiac and fibroblast loci during iCM reprogramming and could provide future genome-wide epigenetic studies with important guidance such as the appropriate time window and loci to be utilized as positive and negative controls.
A Machine Learning Approach for Modelling Parking Duration in Urban Land-use
Creators: name: Parmar, Janak
name: Das, Pritikana
name: Dave, Sanjaykumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parking is an inevitable issue in the fast-growing developing countries. Increasing number of vehicles require more and more urban land to be allocated for parking. However, a little attention has been conferred to the parking issues in developing countries like India. This study proposes a model for analysing the influence of car users' socioeconomic and travel characteristics on parking duration. Specifically, artificial neural networks (ANNs) is deployed to capture the interrelationship between driver characteristics and parking duration. ANNs are highly efficient in learning and recognizing connections between parameters for best prediction of an outcome. Since, utility of ANNs has been critically limited due to its Black Box nature, the study involves the use of Garson algorithm and Local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) for model interpretations. LIME shows the prediction for any classification, by approximating it locally with the developed interpretable model. This study is based on microdata collected on-site through interview surveys considering two land-uses: office-business and market/shopping. Results revealed the higher probability of prediction through LIME and therefore, the methodology can be adopted ubiquitously. Further, the policy implications are discussed based on the results for both land-uses. This unique study could lead to enhanced parking policy and management to achieve the sustainability goals.
Maximum and coupling of the sine-Gordon field
Creators: name: Bauerschmidt, Roland
name: Hofstetter, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For $0<β<6π$, we prove that the distribution of the centred maximum of the $ε$-regularised continuum sine-Gordon field on the two-dimensional torus converges to a randomly shifted Gumbel distribution as $ε\to 0$. Our proof relies on a strong coupling at all scales of the sine-Gordon field with the Gaussian free field, of independent interest, and extensions of existing methods for the maximum of the lattice Gaussian free field.
description: Accepted version, to appear in Annals of Probability
Controlling Fermi level pinning in near-surface InAs quantum wells
Creators: name: Strickland, William M.
name: Hatefipour, Mehdi
name: Langone, Dylan
name: Farzaneh, S. M.
name: Shabani, Javad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures are a promising platform for quantum devices based on mesoscopic and topological superconductivity. In these structures, a semiconductor must be in close proximity to a superconductor and form an ohmic contact. This can be accommodated in narrow band gap semiconductors such as InAs, where the surface Fermi level is positioned close to the conduction band. In this work, we study the structural properties of near-surface InAs quantum wells and find that surface morphology is closely connected to low-temperature transport, where electron mobility is highly sensitive to the growth temperature of the underlying graded buffer layer. By introducing an In$_{0.81}$Al$_{0.19}$As capping layer, we show that we can modify the surface Fermi level pinning within the first nanometer of the In$_{0.81}$Al$_{0.19}$As thin film. Experimental measurements show a strong agreement with Schrödinger-Poisson calculations of the electron density, suggesting the conduction band energy of the In$_{0.81}$Ga$_{0.19}$As and In$_{0.81}$Al$_{0.19}$As surface is pinned to \SI{40}{\milli eV} and \SI{309}{\milli eV} above the Fermi level respectively.
Delocalization Transition in Colloidal Crystals
Creators: name: Lopez-Rios, Hector
name: Ehlen, Ali
name: de la Cruz, Monica Olvera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sublattice melting is the loss of order of one lattice component in binary or ternary ionic crystals upon increase in temperature. A related transition has been predicted in colloidal crystals. To understand the nature of this transition, we study delocalization in self-assembled, size asymmetric binary colloidal crystals using a generalized molecular dynamics model. Focusing on BCC lattices, we observe a smooth change from localized-to-delocalized interstitial particles for a variety of interaction strengths. Thermodynamic arguments, mainly the absence of a discontinuity in the heat capacity, suggest that the passage from localization-to-delocalization is continuous and not a phase transition. This change is enhanced by lattice vibrations, and the temperature of the onset of delocalization can be tuned by the strength of the interaction between the colloid species. Therefore, the localized and delocalized regimes of the sublattice are dominated by enthalpic and entropic driving forces, respectively. This work sets the stage for future studies of sublattice melting in colloidal systems with different stoichiometries and lattice types, and it provides insights into superionic materials, which have potential for application in energy storage technologies.
description: Hector Lopez-Rios and Ali Ehlen contributed equally
Rate of convergence in Trotter's approximation theorem and its applications
Creators: name: Namba, Ryuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A25, 41A36, 60F05

description: The celebrated Trotter approximation theorem provides a sufficient condition for the convergence of a sequence of operator semigroups in terms of the corresponding sequence of infinitesimal generators. There exist a few results on the rate of convergence in Trotter's theorem under some constraints. In the present paper, a new rate of convergence in Trotter's theorem in full generality is given. Moreover, we see that this rate of convergence works well to obtain quantitative estimates for some limit theorems in probability theory.
description: 15 pages
Looking for non-Gaussianity in all the right places: A new basis for non-separable bispectra
Creators: name: Byun, Joyce
name: Agarwal, Nishant
name: Bean, Rachel
name: Holman, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Gaussianity in the distribution of inflationary perturbations, measurable in statistics of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large scale structure fluctuations, can be used to probe non-trivial initial quantum states for these perturbations. The bispectrum shapes predicted for generic non-Bunch-Davies initial states are non-factorizable ("non-separable") and are highly oscillatory functions of the three constituent wavenumbers. This can make the computation of CMB bispectra, in particular, computationally intractable. To efficiently compare with CMB data one needs to construct a separable template that has a significant similarity with the actual shape in momentum space. In this paper we consider a variety of inflationary scenarios, with different non-standard initial conditions, and how best to construct viable template matches. In addition to implementing commonly used separable polynomial and Fourier bases, we introduce a basis of localized piecewise spline functions. The spline basis is naturally nearly orthogonal, making it easy to implement and to extend to many modes. We show that, in comparison to existing techniques, the spline basis can provide better fits to the true bispectrum, as measured by the cosine between shapes, for sectors of the theory space of general initial states. As such, it offers a useful approach to investigate non-trivial features generated by fundamental properties of the inflationary Universe.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, comments welcome
Analysis of Petri Nets and Transition Systems
Creators: name: Best, Eike
name: Schlachter, Uli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.2; D.2.2

description: This paper describes a stand-alone, no-frills tool supporting the analysis of (labelled) place/transition Petri nets and the synthesis of labelled transition systems into Petri nets. It is implemented as a collection of independent, dedicated algorithms which have been designed to operate modularly, portably, extensibly, and efficiently.
description: In Proceedings ICE 2015, arXiv:1508.04595
Hyaluronan coating improves liver engraftment of transplanted human biliary tree stem/progenitor cells
Creators: name: Riccioni, Olga
name: Di Matteo, Sabina
name: Melandro, Fabio
name: Reid, Lola
name: Nevi, Lorenzo
name: Cardinale, Vincenzo
name: Carpino, Guido
name: Berloco, Pasquale Bartolomeo
name: Costantini, Daniele
name: Alvaro, Domenico
name: Gaudio, Eugenio
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: BACKGROUND: Cell therapy of liver diseases with human biliary tree stem cells (hBTSCs) is biased by low engraftment efficiency. Coating the hBTSCs with hyaluronans (HAs), the primary constituents of all stem cell niches, could facilitate cell survival, proliferation, and, specifically, liver engraftment given that HAs are cleared selectively by the liver.

METHODS: We developed a fast and easy method to coat hBTSCs with HA and assessed the effects of HA-coating on cell properties in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTS: The HA coating markedly improved the viability, colony formation, and population doubling of hBTSCs in primary cultures, and resulted in a higher expression of integrins that mediate cell attachment to matrix components. When HA-coated hBTSCs were transplanted via the spleen into the liver of immunocompromised mice, the engraftment efficiency increased to 11% with respect to 3% of uncoated cells. Notably, HA-coated hBTSC transplantation in mice resulted in a 10-fold increase of human albumin gene expression in the liver and in a 2-fold increase of human albumin serum levels with respect to uncoated cells. Studies in distant organs showed minimal ectopic cell distribution without differences between HA-coated and uncoated hBTSCs and, specifically, cell seeding in the kidney was excluded.

CONCLUSIONS: A ready and economical procedure of HA cell coating greatly enhanced the liver engraftment of transplanted hBTSCs and improved their differentiation toward mature hepatocytes. HA coating could improve outcomes of stem cell therapies of liver diseases and could be immediately translated into the clinic given that GMP-grade HAs are already available for clinical use.
Living in a Non-Flat Universe: Theoretical Formalism
Creators: name: Baumgartner, Sandra
name: Yoo, Jaiyul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent analysis of the Planck measurements opened a possibility that we live in a non-flat universe. Given the renewed interest in non-zero spatial curvature, here we re-visit the light propagation in a non-flat universe and provide the gauge-invariant expressions for the cosmological probes: the luminosity distance, galaxy clustering, weak gravitational lensing, and cosmic microwave background anisotropies. With the positional dependence of the spatial metric, the light propagation in a non-flat universe is much more complicated than in a flat universe. Accounting for all the relativistic effects and including the vector and tensor contributions, we derive the expressions for the cosmological probes and explicitly verify their gauge invariance. We compare our results to previous work in a non-flat universe, if present, but this work represents the first comprehensive investigation of the cosmological probes in a non-flat universe. Our theoretical formalism in a non-flat universe will play a crucial role in constraining the spatial curvature in the upcoming large-scale surveys.
description: 55 pages, 3 figures, published in JCAP
Concise Review: Plasma and Nuclear Membranes Convey Mechanical Information to Regulate Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lineage: Role of Nuclear Envelope on MSC Lineage
Creators: name: Fuchs, Robyn K.
name: Rubin, Janet
name: Thompson, William R.
name: Uzer, Gunes
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Numerous factors including chemical, hormonal, spatial and physical cues determine stem cell fate. While the regulation of stem cell differentiation by soluble factors is well characterized, the role of mechanical force in the determination of lineage fate is just beginning to be understood. Investigation of the role of force on cell function has largely focused on “outside-in” signaling, initiated at the plasma membrane. When interfaced with the extracellular matrix, the cell utilizes integral membrane proteins, such as those found in focal adhesion complexes to translate force into biochemical signals. Akin to these “outside-in” connections, the internal cytoskeleton is physically linked to the nucleus, via proteins that span the nuclear membrane. Although structurally and biochemically distinct, these two forms of mechanical coupling influence stem cell lineage fate and, when disrupted, often lead to disease. Here we provide an overview of how mechanical coupling occurs at the plasma and nuclear membranes. We also discuss the role of force on stem cell differentiation, with focus on the bio-chemical signals generated at the cell membrane and the nucleus and how those signals influence various diseases. While the interaction of stem cells with their physical environment and how they respond to force is complex, an understanding of the mechanical regulation of these cells is critical in the design of novel therapeutics to combat diseases associated with aging, cancer, and osteoporosis.
A Schur multiplier characterization of coarse embeddability
Creators: name: Knudby, Søren
name: Li, Kang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a contractive Schur multiplier characterization of locally compact groups coarsely embeddable into Hilbert spaces. Consequently, all locally compact groups whose weak Haagerup constant is 1 embed coarsely into Hilbert spaces, and hence the Baum-Connes assembly map with coefficients is split-injective for such groups.
description: 6 pages. Final version. To appear in Bull. Bel. Math. Soc. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1408.5238
Triaxiality induced monopole-quadrupole-hexadecupole coupling in the isoscalar giant resonances for $^{86}\textrm{Ge}$
Creators: name: Sun, Xuwei
name: Meng, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isoscalar giant resonances for $^{86}\textrm{Ge}$ are studied by the quasiparticle finite amplitude method based on the covariant density functional theory. In addition to the well-known monopole-quadrupole coupling that splits the isoscalar giant monopole resonance in axially deformed nuclei, a monopole-quadrupole-hexadecupole coupling is identified in the triaxially deformed nucleus $^{86}\textrm{Ge}$, leading to the emergence of a distinct resonance peak at the low energy side of the isoscalar monopole strength function. The transition density of the triaxiality induced resonance peak shows a strong interplay among monopole, quadrupole, and hexadecupole vibrations. The resonance peak responses to monopole, quadrupole, and hexadecupole perturbations simultaneously, which could be regarded as a fingerprint of the triaxiality in $^{86}\textrm{Ge}$.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Analyzing dynamical disorder for charge transport in organic semiconductors via machine learning
Creators: name: Reiser, Patrick
name: Konrad, Manuel
name: Fediai, Artem
name: Léon, Salvador
name: Wenzel, Wolfgang
name: Friederich, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Organic semiconductors are indispensable for today's display technologies in form of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and further optoelectronic applications. However, organic materials do not reach the same charge carrier mobility as inorganic semiconductors, limiting the efficiency of devices. To find or even design new organic semiconductors with higher charge carrier mobility, computational approaches, in particular multiscale models, are becoming increasingly important. However, such models are computationally very costly, especially when large systems and long time scales are required, which is the case to compute static and dynamic energy disorder, i.e. dominant factor to determine charge transport. Here we overcome this drawback by integrating machine learning models into multiscale simulations. This allows us to obtain unprecedented insight into relevant microscopic materials properties, in particular static and dynamic disorder contributions for a series of application-relevant molecules. We find that static disorder and thus the distribution of shallow traps is highly asymmetrical for many materials, impacting widely considered Gaussian disorder models. We furthermore analyse characteristic energy level fluctuation times and compare them to typical hopping rates to evaluate the importance of dynamic disorder for charge transport. We hope that our findings will significantly improve the accuracy of computational methods used to predict application relevant materials properties of organic semiconductors, and thus make these methods applicable for virtual materials design.
Isoparametric hypersurfaces and complex structures
Creators: name: Tang, Zizhou
name: Yan, Wenjiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The main purpose of this note is to construct almost complex or complex structures on certain isoparametric hypersurfaces in unit spheres. As a consequence, complex structures on $S^1\times S^7\times S^6$, and on $S^1\times S^3\times S^2$ with vanishing first Chern class, are built.
description: 9 pages, to appear in Acta Mathematica Scientia
Goresky-Pardon lifts of Chern classes and associated Tate extensions
Creators: name: Looijenga, Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14G35, 14F43, 32S35

description: Let X be an irreducible complex variety, S a stratification of X and F a holomorphic vector bundle on the open statum. We give geometric conditions on S and F that produce a natural extension of the k-th Chern class F as a class in the complex cohomology of X of Hodge level at least k. When X is the Baily-Borel compactification of a locally symmetric variety with its stratification by boundary components, and F an automorphic bundle on its interior, then this recovers and refines a theorem of Goresky-Pardon. In passing we define a class of simplicial resolutions of the Baily-Borel compactification that can be used to define its mixed Hodge structure. Finally, we use the Beilinson regulator for the rationals to show that when X is the Satake (=Baily-Borel) compactification of A_g and F the Hodge bundle (with g large compared to k), the Goresky-Pardon k-th Chern class extension has nonzero imaginary part and gives rise to a basic Tate extension. This also shows that the lifts of Chern classes constructed by Goresky and Pardon need not be real and thus answers (negatively) a question asked by these authors.
description: 24 p; typo's corrected and exposition improved. Changed the title as to have no two uses of "extensions". Will appear in Compositio Mathematicae
Reversible Barbed Congruence on Configuration Structures
Creators: name: Aubert, Clément
name: Cristescu, Ioana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.2; F.3.2 ; D.3.1

description: A standard contextual equivalence for process algebras is strong barbed congruence. Configuration structures are a denotational semantics for processes in which one can define equivalences that are more discriminating, i.e. that distinguish the denotation of terms equated by barbed congruence. Hereditary history preserving bisimulation (HHPB) is such a relation. We define a strong back and forth barbed congruence using a reversible process algebra and show that the relation induced by the back and forth congruence is equivalent to HHPB, providing a contextual characterization of HHPB.
description: In Proceedings ICE 2015, arXiv:1508.04595