cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Worldsheet Description of Instant Folded Strings
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Akikazu
name: Itzhaki, Nissan
name: Peleg, Uri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-like linear dilaton backgrounds admit a classical solution that describes a closed folded string that is created at an instant. We refer to such strings as Instant Folded Strings (IFS). We study an exact worldsheet CFT description of an IFS that involves two vertex operators which describe two open string modes that propagate on a time-like FZZT-brane, which plays the role of a regulator to the IFS. We take advantage of this description to calculate the most basic quantity associated with IFSs - their production rate. Some implications of this calculation to stringy cosmology and black hole interior are briefly discussed.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures
Generic Sentences: Representativeness or causality?
Creators: name: Van Rooij, Robert
name: Schulz, Katrin
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Many generic sentences express stable inductive generalizations. Stable inductive generalizations are typically true for a causal reason. In this paper we investigate to what extent this is also the case for the generalizations expressed by generic sentences. More in particular, we discuss the possibility that many generic sentences of the form ‘ks have feature e’ are true because (members of) kind k have the causal power to ‘produce’ feature e. We will argue that such an analysis is quite close to a probabilistic based analysis of generic sentences according to which ‘relatively many’ ks have feature e, and that, in fact, this latter type of analysis can be ‘grounded’ in terms of causal powers. We will argue, moreover, that the causal power analysis is sometimes preferred to a correlation-based analysis, because it takes the causal structure that gives rise to the probabilistic data into account. Unfortunately, there are problems for the causal power analysis too, and we will discuss them as well.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Using markerless motion analysis to determine the effect of body armour on hip and shoulder mobility and dynamic tasks
Creators: name: McCarthy, Ayden
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Sports technology is an evolving field of human movement performance evaluation and injury monitoring, most notably in the military. Monitoring and screening are essential, as adequate mobility for task completion is required for military personnel who encounter high-risk situations with equipped gear such as body armour. As the weight and composition of the body armour increases, range of motion (ROM) and mobility in single- and multi-joint movements decreases due to increased restrictions, discomfort, and pressures. The current thesis is divided into four Chapters. Chapter 1 is a review of the literature investigating body armour and its effects on hip and shoulder mobility and standardised tasks and screening movements. The literature review confirmed that hip and shoulder mobility impairments and restrictions are prevalent when donning body armour compared to no body armour. Additionally, when body armour was equipped, dynamic movements such as squats, inline lunges, and rope climbing also had negative associations with ROM and mobility. Chapters 2 and 3 explore the use of the VALD HumanTrak to assess and screen military personnel while wearing body armour. Chapter 2 describes the study protocol that was used for this thesis. The original research conducted in Chapter 3 concluded that tasks over a large ROM that involve movement towards or perpendicular to the camera tended to have greater reliability, regardless of wearing body armour. Tasks involving small ROM and movements away from the camera or out of the frontal or sagittal plane tended to have less reliability. Lastly, Chapter 4 discusses the critical findings in the literature review and original research and brings them together to provide recommendations for military and clinical use alongside future research recommendations.
A hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method on unfitted meshes for single-phase Darcy flow in fractured porous media
Creators: name: Fu, Guosheng
name: Yang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method on unfitted meshes for single-phase Darcy flow in a fractured porous media. In particular we apply the HDG methodology to the recently introduced reinterpreted discrete fracture model (RDFM) [Xu & Yang, 2021 submitted] that use Dirac-$δ$ functions to model both conductive and blocking fractures. Due to the use of Dirac-$δ$ function approach for the fractures, our numerical scheme naturally allows for unfitted meshes with respect to the fractures, which is the major novelty of the proposed scheme. Moreover, the scheme is locally mass conservative and is relatively easy to implement comparing with existing work on the subject. In particular, our scheme is a simple modification of an existing regular Darcy flow HDG solver by adding the following two components: (i) locate the co-dimension one fractures in the background mesh and adding the appropriate surface integrals associated with these fractures into the stiffness matrix, (ii) adjust the penalty parameters on cells cut through conductive and blocking fractures (fractured cells). Despite the simplicity of the proposed scheme, it performs extremely well for various benchmark test cases in both two- and three-dimensions. This is the first time that a truly unfitted finite element scheme been applied to complex fractured porous media flow problems in 3D with both blocking and conductive fractures without any restrictions on the meshes.
Segmented scintillation detectors with silicon photomultiplier readout for measuring antiproton annihilations
Creators: name: Sótér, A.
name: Todoroki, K.
name: Kobayashi, T.
name: Barna, D.
name: Horvath, D.
name: Hori, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Atomic Spectroscopy and Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons (ASACUSA) experiment at the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) facility of CERN constructed segmented scintillators to detect and track the charged pions which emerge from antiproton annihilations in a future superconducting radiofrequency Paul trap for antiprotons. A system of 541 cast and extruded scintillator bars were arranged in 11 detector modules which provided a spatial resolution of 17 mm. Green wavelength-shifting fibers were embedded in the scintillators, and read out by silicon photomultipliers which had a sensitive area of 1 x 1 mm^2. The photoelectron yields of various scintillator configurations were measured using a negative pion beam of momentum p ~ 1 GeV/c. Various fibers and silicon photomultipliers, fiber end terminations, and couplings between the fibers and scintillators were compared. The detectors were also tested using the antiproton beam of the AD. Nonlinear effects due to the saturation of the silicon photomultiplier were seen at high annihilation rates of the antiprotons.
description: Copyright 2014 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol.85, Issue 2, 2014 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4863648
Co-anchoring with the matrix clause: French verbal mood and German V2
Creators: name: Truckenbrodt, Hubert
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: In complement clauses, the French indicative and German V2 place similar semantic restrictions on their matrix verbs. In adjunct clauses, the French indicative and German V2 differ: French indicative adjunct clauses can be genuinely embedded, German V2 adjunct clauses cannot, and must follow their host clause. The analysis builds on a decomposed left periphery with Force > ... > Fin (Rizzi, 1997). The similarity in complement clauses is reduced to an attitudinal anchor [i] with a verbal mood feature in Fin, which is shared by the French indicative and German V2. The presupposition of this feature, due to Schlenker (2005), restricts the matrix verbs. The difference in adjunct clauses is argued to support a new mechanism for how the index [i] of this presupposition connects to the perspective holder in the matrix clause. Modifying a suggestion of Heim (2005), movement of Fin[i] to Force is argued to create a relative clause structure for perspective, interpreted by predicate abstraction. Where it occurs, it can take the matrix verb as its “external head”. For French, this leads to an account of embedded indicative adjunct clauses. In addition, the distribution of indicative vs. subjunctive in indefinite relative clauses (Farkas, 1985) is explained. For German V2, the restriction on adjunct clauses follows if German V2 is an overt instance of perspectival relative clause formation. This is connected to independently motivated properties of verb movement in V2-clauses, in an extension of the suggestions of Sode and Truckenbrodt (2018).
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
title: Gas-containing renal stone case report: A rare presentation
Creators: name: Doha Chowdhury, Riaz
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Uroradiology & genital male imaging
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: CT
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 46-year-old lady presented to the Emergency Department with sudden onset left lumbar region pain and constipation. The patient’s history included a multiple, similar presentations of abdominal pain following an umbilical hernia repair 3 years ago and a history of renal calculi.

description: 46 years, female
On the information structure sensitivity of projective content
Creators: name: Tonhauser, Judith
name: De Marneffe, Marie-Catherine
name: Speer, Shari R.
name: Stevens, Jon
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper presents the findings of an experiment designed to investigate the information structure sensitivity of the projective contents associated with again, stop and manner adverbs. In contrast to the prejacent of manner adverbs, whose projectivity is expected to be sensitive to information structural focus (e.g., Abrusán, 2013a; Stevens et al., 2017), that of the prejacent of again is not (e.g., Beck, 2006; Abrusán, 2013b). We also investigated the pre-state content associated with stop because projection analyses differ in their predictions regarding the sensitivity of this projective content to information structural focus (e.g., Heim, 1983; van der Sandt, 1992; Kadmon, 2001; Simons, 2001; Abrusán, 2011, 2016; Romoli, 2011, 2015). We found that the projectivity of all three contents is sensitive to prosodically marked focus and discuss the implications of our findings for empirically adequate projection analyses.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
When additive particles can associate with wh-phrases
Creators: name: Theiler, Nadine
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: The distribution of certain additive particles is restricted. It has been suggested that in wh-questions they can only associate with the wh-phrase if the question receives a showmaster interpretation (Umbach, 2012). I present novel data challenging this generalization and account for these data by lifting Beaver and Clark (2008)’s QUD-based account of additive particles to an inquisitive semantics setting, so that it captures the contribution of additive particles in assertions, polar questions and wh-questions.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Toward a unified analysis of internal and external comparison
Creators: name: Tabatowski, Michael
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: English comparatives in predicative position can be used to compare one individual to itself at a different point in time or space, e.g. in The river is wider. I identify grammatical distinctions between these internal comparatives and the more standardly analyzed class of external comparatives. On the basis of these grammatical differences, I argue that expressions of internal comparison are of a different semantic type than those of external comparison, viz. that a sentence containing an internal comparative is a relation between intervals in the domain of the denotation of the subject, conceived of as an individual concept. On this account, internal comparatives are semantically similar to degree-achievement verbs like widen in that they express a change in the degree of some property of the subject across an axis of measurement. The grammatical differences between internal and external comparatives then fall out from the semantics of internal comparison.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Dark Matter in the Local Universe
Creators: name: Yepes, Gustavo
name: Gottloeber, Stefan
name: Hoffman, Yehuda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review how dark matter is distributed in our local neighbourhood from an observational and theoretical perspective. We will start by describing first the dark matter halo of our own galaxy and in the Local Group. Then we proceed to describe the dark matter distribution in the more extended area known as the Local Universe. Depending on the nature of dark matter, numerical simulations predict different abundances of substructures in Local Group galaxies, in the number of void regions and in the abundance of low rotational velocity galaxies in the Local Universe. By comparing these predictions with the most recent observations, strong constrains on the physical properties of the dark matter particles can be derived. We devote particular attention to the results from the Constrained Local UniversE Simulations (CLUES) project, a special set of simulations whose initial conditions are constrained by observational data from the Local Universe. The resulting simulations are designed to reproduce the observed structures in the nearby universe. The CLUES provides a numerical laboratory for simulating the Local Group of galaxies and exploring the physics of galaxy formation in an environment designed to follow the observed Local Universe. It has come of age as the numerical analogue of Near-Field Cosmology.
description: To be published in New Astronomy Reviews
Introducing propositional discourse referents
Creators: name: Snider, Todd
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper addresses the question of which structures make propositions available for anaphoric reference, i.e., which structures introduce propositional discourse referents. I describe two current approaches to this question—one syntactic and one discursive—and then identify data which pose challenges to each approach. As an alternative, I offer a novel proposal: proposition-embedding operators introduce discourse referents for their propositional arguments. I show one way to formally model this generalization, using Update with Modal Centering (Bittner, 2011).
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
title: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Band 96, Heft 3, Dezember 2018
title: Band 96, Heft 3, Dezember 2018
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bundesministerium Für Ernährung Und Landwirtschaft
Publisher: name: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2018

description: Wahrnehmung und Anpassungsverhalten der Landwirte an Greening: eine qualitative Studie in Südniedersachsen
Hemmnisse im Wissenstransfer zur Tiergesundheit: Ergebnisse und Implikationen eines Reflexionsprozesses mit Stakeholdern
Status quo des Risikomanagements in der deutschen Landwirtschaft: Besteht Bedarf an einer Ein-kommensversicherung?
Überblick von Forschungsprojekten zu alternativen Haltungssystemen mit Schwerpunkt Ferkelaufzucht
Überblick von Forschungsprojekten zu alternativen Haltungssystemen mit Schwerpunkt Sauen- und Saugferkelhaltung
Agrarholz im Rahmen des Greenings: Eine ökonomische Analyse
Möglichkeiten zur Bildung von verwertungsorientierten Preisindikatoren für Futtererbsen und Ackerbohnen im Vergleich zur veröffentlichten Marktpreisberichterstattung.
$Bρ$-defined Isochronous Mass Spectrometry and Mass Measurements of $^{58}$Ni Fragments
Creators: name: Zhang, M.
name: Zhou, X.
name: Wang, M.
name: Zhang, Y. H.
name: Litvinov, Yu. A.
name: Xu, H. S.
name: Chen, R. J.
name: Deng, H. Y.
name: Fu, C. Y.
name: Ge, W. W.
name: Li, H. F.
name: Liao, T.
name: Litvinov, S. A.
name: Shuai, P.
name: Shi, J. Y.
name: Sidhu, R. S.
name: Song, Y. N.
name: Sun, M. Z.
name: Suzuki, S.
name: Wang, Q.
name: Xing, Y. M.
name: Xu, X.
name: Yamaguchi, T.
name: Yan, X. L.
name: Yang, J. C.
name: Yuan, Y. J.
name: Zeng, Q.
name: Zhou, X. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel isochronous mass spectrometry, termed as $Bρ$-defined IMS, is established at the experimental cooler-storage ring CSRe in Lanzhou. Its potential has been studied through high precision mass measurements of $^{58}$Ni projectile fragments. Two time-of-flight detectors were installed in one of the straight sections of CSRe, thus enabling simultaneous measurements of the velocity and the revolution time of each stored short-lived ion. This allows for calculating the magnetic rigidity $Bρ$ and the orbit length $C$ of each ion. The accurate $Bρ(C)$ function has been constructed, which is a universal calibration curve used to deduce the masses of the stored nuclides. The sensitivity to single stored ions, quickness, and background-free characteristics of the method are ideally suited to address nuclides with very short lifetimes and tiniest production yields. In the limiting case of just a single particle, the attained mass resolving power allows one us to determine its mass-over-charge ratio $m/q$ with a remarkable precision of merely $\sim5$ keV. Masses of $T_z = -3/2$ fp-shell nuclides are re-determined with high accuracy, and the validity of the isospin multiplet mass equation is tested up to the heaviest isospin quartet with $A = 55$. The new masses are also used to investigate the mirror symmetry of empirical residual proton-neutron interactions.
Estimation of coupling constants for D-meson, charmed, and light baryons in effective Lagrangian approach and quark model
Creators: name: Sangkhakrit, Thanat
name: Kaewsnod, Attaphon
name: Sreethawong, Warintorn
name: Suyuporn, Thananuwat
name: Supanam, Nopmanee
name: Samart, Daris
name: Yan, Yupeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate coupling constants for effective Lagrangians of $D$-meson, charmed, and light baryons from charmed baryon decay processes. First, we calculate decay widths for the processes $Λ_{c} \to DN$, $Σ_{c} \to D Δ$, $Σ_{c} \to D^{*} Δ$, and $Λ_{c} \to D^{*}N$ in effective Lagrangian method and quark model picture with $^{3}P_{0}$ model. By employing the coupling constants for $D^{*} Λ_{c} N$ interaction from several literatures, the strength parameter $λ$ for $^{3}P_{0}$ quark model is fixed in the decay process $Λ_{c} \to D^{*}N$. Then, the coupling constants for the effective Lagrangians of $DΛ_{c}N$, $DΣ_{c}Δ$, and $D^{*}Σ_{c}Δ$ interactions are estimated in the decay channels $Λ_{c} \to DN$, $Σ_{c} \to D Δ$, and $Σ_{c} \to D^{*} Δ$, respectively. These coupling constants will be useful for further studies of charm hadrons.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
An Existence Result for Hierarchical Stackelberg v/s Stackelberg Games
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Ankur A.
name: Shanbhag, Uday V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C33, 91A65, 91A20, 90C26

description: In Stackelberg v/s Stackelberg games a collection of leaders compete in a Nash game constrained by the equilibrium conditions of another Nash game amongst the followers. The resulting equilibrium problems are plagued by the nonuniqueness of follower equilibria and nonconvexity of leader problems whereby the problem of providing sufficient conditions for existence of global or even local equilibria remains largely open. Indeed available existence statements are restrictive and model specific. In this paper, we present what is possibly the first general existence result for equilibria for this class of games. Importantly, we impose no single-valuedness assumption on the equilibrium of the follower-level game. Specifically, under the assumption that the objectives of the leaders admit a quasi-potential function, a concept we introduce in this paper, the global and local minimizers of a suitably defined optimization problem are shown to be the global and local equilibria of the game. In effect existence of equilibria can be guaranteed by the solvability of an optimization problem, which holds under mild and verifiable conditions. We motivate quasi- potential games through an application in communication networks.
description: This submission contains some results drawn from an earlier manuscript (http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.2968v2) which was rejected. The earlier manuscript has been split into 3 parts. One part is published in the Proc IEEE CDC, 2013, another is under review with Set-valued and Varitional Analysis (on arxiv). This is the third part, under review with IEEE TAC
Wahrnehmung und Anpassungsverhalten der Landwirte an Greening: eine qualitative Studie in Südniedersachsen
Creators: name: Schüler, Stefan
name: Bienwald, Lisa
name: Loos, Jacqueline
name: Lakner, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2018

description: Die Reform der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) 2013 umfasste als Neuerung das Greening, welches 30 % der Direktzahlungen an die Erfüllung spezifischer Umweltauflagen bindet. In der vorliegenden Studie analysieren wir anhand eines qualitativen Forschungsansatzes, welche Anpassungsstrategien Landwirte bei der Implementierung von Greening verfolgen. Anhand bestehender Literatur entwickelten wir einen Interviewleitfaden und befragten neun Landwirte in der Region Südniedersachsen. Unsere Analyse zeigt, dass die Anpassungsstrategien ökonomisch motiviert sind. Die rechtlichen Vorgaben des Greenings empfinden Landwirte als komplex und wenig flexibel. Aufgrund der Komplexität wählen die Landwirte diejenigen Maßnahmen, mit denen sie vertraut sind, die das beste Kosten/Nutzen-Verhältnis haben und in der Umsetzung das geringste Risiko beinhalten.

Keywords: Agrarökosysteme; Biodiversität; GAP; Greening; Land-sharing; Qualitative Forschung; Umweltpolitik
description: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Band 96, Heft 3, Dezember 2018
Building post-Newtonian neutron stars
Creators: name: Andersson, Nils
name: Gittins, Fabian
name: Yin, Shanshan
name: Macedo, Rodrigo Panosso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Owed to their compactness, neutron stars involve strong gravity and extreme density physics. Nevertheless, at present, there are a variety of problems where progress (at least conceptually) can be made in the context of weak gravity. Motivated by this we examine how accurately one can model neutron stars using the post-Newtonian approximation to general relativity. In general, we find there is a significant degree of freedom in how the post-Newtonian equations of stellar structure can be formulated. We discuss this flexibility in the formulation and provide examples to demonstrate the impact on stellar models. We also consider the (closely related) problem of building neutron stars using isotropic coordinates. In this context, we provide a new strategy for solving the equations (based on a scaling argument) which significantly simplifies the problem.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, RevTeX format. Published in CQG
Finiteness results for subgroups of finite extensions
Creators: name: Araujo, Vitor
name: Silva, Pedro V.
name: Sykiotis, Mihalis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E06, 20E07, 20E22

description: We discuss in the context of finite extensions two classical theorems of Takahasi and Howson on subgroups of free groups. We provide bounds for the rank of the intersection of subgroups within classes of groups such as virtually free groups, virtually nilpotent groups or fundamental groups of finite graphs of groups with virtually polycyclic vertex groups and finite edge groups. As an application of our generalization of Takahasi's Theorem, we provide an uniform bound for the rank of the periodic subgroup of any endomorphism of the fundamental group of a given finite graph of groups with finitely generated virtually nilpotent vertex groups and finite edge groups.
description: 20 pages; no figures. Keywords: finite extensions, Howson's Theorem, Hanna Neumann Conjecture, Takahasi's Theorem, periodic subgroups
The ultrarelativistic limit of Kerr
Creators: name: Adamo, Tim
name: Cristofoli, Andrea
name: Tourkine, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The massless (or ultrarelativistic) limit of a Schwarzschild black hole with fixed energy was determined long ago in the form of the Aichelburg-Sexl shockwave, but the status of the same limit for a Kerr black hole is less clear. In this paper, we explore the ultrarelativistic limit of Kerr in the class of Kerr-Schild impulsive pp-waves by exploiting a relation between the metric profile and the eikonal phase associated with scattering between a scalar and the source of the metric. This gives a map between candidate metrics and tree-level, 4-point scattering amplitudes. At large distances from the source, we find that all candidates for the massless limit of Kerr in this class do not have spin effects. This includes the metric corresponding to the massless limit of the amplitude for gravitational scattering between a scalar and a massive particle of infinite spin. One metric, discovered by Balasin and Nachbagauer, does have spin and finite size effects at short distances, leading to a remarkably compact scattering amplitude with many interesting properties. We also discuss the classical single copy of the ultrarelativistic limit of Kerr in electromagnetism.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures. v2: Typos fixed, minor improvements
Ehrenfest principle and unitary dynamics of quantum-classical systems with general potential interaction
Creators: name: Radonjic, M.
name: Popovic, D. B.
name: Prvanovic, S.
name: Buric, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Representation of classical dynamics by unitary transformations has been used to develop unified description of hybrid classical-quantum systems with particular type of interaction, and to formulate abstract systems interpolating between classical and quantum ones. We solved the problem of unitary description of two interpolating systems with general potential interaction. The general solution is used to show that with arbitrary potential interaction between the two interpolating systems the evolution of the so called unobservable variables is decoupled from that of the observable ones if and only if the interpolation parameters in the two interpolating systems are equal.
Simulations of cross media showers with CORSIKA 8
Creators: name: CORSIKA 8 Collaboration
name: Alameddine, Jean-Marco
name: Albrecht, Johannes
name: Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime
name: Ammerman-Yebra, Juan
name: Arrabito, Luisa
name: Augscheller, Jannik
name: Alves Jr., Antonio Augusto
name: Baack, Dominik
name: Bernlöhr, Konrad
name: Bleicher, Marcus
name: Coleman, Alan
name: Dembinski, Hans
name: Elsässer, Dominik
name: Engel, Ralph
name: Ferrari, Alfredo
name: Gaudu, Chloé
name: Glaser, Christian
name: Heck, Dieter
name: Hu, Fan
name: Huege, Tim
name: Kampert, Karl-Heinz
name: Karastathis, Nikolaos
name: Latif, Uzair Abdul
name: Mei, Hualin
name: Nellen, Lukas
name: Pierog, Tanguy
name: Prechelt, Remy
name: Reininghaus, Maximilian
name: Rhode, Wolfgang
name: Riehn, Felix
name: Sackel, Maximilian
name: Sala, Paola
name: Sampathkumar, Pranav
name: Sandrock, Alexander
name: Soedingrekso, Jan
name: Ulrich, Ralf
name: Xu, Donglian
name: Zas, Enrique
name: De Kockere, Simon
Publisher: name: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)
Year: 2023

description: The CORSIKA 8 project aims to develop a versatile and modern framework for particle shower simulations that meets the new needs of experiments and addresses the caveats of existing codes. Of particular relevance is the ability to compute particle showers that pass through two or more different media, of varying density, in a single run within a single code. CORSIKA 8 achieves this flexibility by using a volume tree that specifies volume containment, allowing one to quickly query to which medium a point belongs. Thanks to this design we are able to construct very specific environments with different geometries and media. As an example, we demonstrate this new functionality by running particle showers penetrating from air into Antarctic ice and validating them with a combination of the well-established CORSIKA 7 and Geant4 codes.
Field Induced Chiral Soliton Phase in the Kitaev Spin Chain
Creators: name: Sørensen, Erik S.
name: Gordon, Jacob
name: Riddell, Jonathon
name: Wang, Tianyi
name: Kee, Hae-Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bond-dependent Ising interaction present in the Kitaev model has attracted considerable attention. The appearance of an unexpected intermediate phase under a magnetic field is particularly intriguing, and one may wonder if a similar phase occurs in the Kitaev spin chain with alternating $x$- and $y$-bond Ising interactions. Previous studies have focused on a transverse field, $h_z$, and reported a direct transition to the polarized state. Here, we investigate phases with arbitrary angle of two longitudinal fields, $h_x$ and $h_y$. For a magnetic field applied along the diagonal, $h_x$=$h_y$, the chain remains gapless up to a critical field $h^{c_1}_{xy}$. Surprisingly, above $h^{c1}_{xy}$ it enters an unusual intermediate phase before reaching the polarized state at $h^{c_2}_{xy}$. This phase is characterized by a staggered vector chirality and for periodic boundary conditions, a two-fold degeneracy with a finite gap. For open boundary systems the ground-state exhibits a single soliton, lowering the energy, and gapless excitations. However, the corresponding anti-soliton raises the energy sufficiently that a gap appears for soliton and anti-soliton pairs in periodic systems. An intuitive variational picture is developed describing the soliton phase.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Hemmnisse im Wissenstransfer zur Tiergesundheit: Ergebnisse und Implikationen eines Reflexionsprozesses mit Stakeholdern
Creators: name: Hoischen-Taubner, Susanne
name: Sundrum, Albert
Publisher: name: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2018

description: Seit vielen Jahren wird die landwirtschaftliche Nutztierhaltung von öffentlicher Seite kritisch wahrgenommen. Viele der in der öffentlichen Diskussion stehenden Themen weisen einen engen Bezug zu Fragen der Tiergesundheit auf. Die anhaltend hohe Prävalenz von Produktionskrankheiten in der Nutztierhaltung war Anlass, den Wissenstransfer zur Tiergesundheit in einer explorativen Studie mit verschiedenen Stakeholdern einer kritischen Reflektion zu unterziehen und Voraussetzungen für einen erfolgreichen Wissenstransfer und mögliche Hindernisse zu identifizieren.
Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden drei Bereiche beleuchtet, die einen Einfluss auf den Wissenstransfer haben: die subjektive Wahrnehmung der Akteure, das Umfeld, in dem der Wissenstransfer zur Tiergesundheit stattfindet sowie von den Teilnehmern benannte konkrete Hemmnisse und Konfliktfelder.
Die sich verändernde Ausrichtung der Nutztierhaltung von allein quantitativen zu mehr qualitativen Zielen erfordert eine Gestaltung des Umfeldes, in dem der Wissenstransfer zur Tiergesundhit stattfindet, um messbare Veränderungen in der Praxis zu erreichen.
description: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Band 96, Heft 3, Dezember 2018
Observation and control of shock waves in individual nanoplasmas
Creators: name: Hickstein, Daniel D.
name: Dollar, Franklin
name: Gaffney, Jim A.
name: Foord, Mark E.
name: Petrov, George M.
name: Palm, Brett B.
name: Keister, K. Ellen
name: Ellis, Jennifer L.
name: Ding, Chengyuan
name: Libby, Stephen B.
name: Jimenez, Jose L.
name: Kapteyn, Henry C.
name: Murnane, Margaret M.
name: Xiong, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a novel experiment that images the momentum distribution of individual, isolated 100-nm-scale plasmas, we make the first experimental observation of shock waves in nanoplasmas. We demonstrate that the introduction of a heating pulse prior to the main laser pulse increases the intensity of the shock wave, producing a strong burst of quasi-monochromatic ions with an energy spread of less than 15%. Numerical hydrodynamic calculations confirm the appearance of accelerating shock waves, and provide a mechanism for the generation and control of these shock waves. This observation of distinct shock waves in dense plasmas enables the control, study, and exploitation of nanoscale shock phenomena with tabletop-scale lasers.
description: 8 pages of manuscript, 9 pages of supplemental information, total 17 pages
Non-uniform plural inferences as scalar implicature
Creators: name: Smith, Ryan Walter
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Persian possesses a type of full root reduplication called m-reduplication that, when applied to a noun, results in a non-homogeneous plural interpretation; a reduplicated nominal is understood to refer to one or more objects in the denotation of the predicate denoted by the bare noun, as well as one or more objects that are similar in some respect to the bare noun. Although previous work has characterized m-reduplication as denoting a non- homogeneous plurality, evidence from non-upward-entailing environments and pragmatic contexts establishing speaker ignorance demonstrates that the non-homogeneous plural inference associated with reduplication is not entailed, but merely implicated. I provide an analysis of m-reduplication as involving higher-order scalar implicature (Spector, 2007), and further explain variation in the interpretation of m-reduplication in non-upward-entailing contexts. Finally, I unify the analysis of m-reduplication with that of the non-exhaustive expressions -toka and -tari in Japanese, providing a more satisfactory analysis of the latter than was present in previous work (Smith and Kobayashi, 2018).
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
A computational framework for physics-informed symbolic regression with straightforward integration of domain knowledge
Creators: name: Keren, Liron Simon
name: Liberzon, Alex
name: Lazebnik, Teddy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discovering a meaningful symbolic expression that explains experimental data is a fundamental challenge in many scientific fields. We present a novel, open-source computational framework called Scientist-Machine Equation Detector (SciMED), which integrates scientific discipline wisdom in a scientist-in-the-loop approach, with state-of-the-art symbolic regression (SR) methods. SciMED combines a wrapper selection method, that is based on a genetic algorithm, with automatic machine learning and two levels of SR methods. We test SciMED on five configurations of a settling sphere, with and without aerodynamic non-linear drag force, and with excessive noise in the measurements. We show that SciMED is sufficiently robust to discover the correct physically meaningful symbolic expressions from the data, and demonstrate how the integration of domain knowledge enhances its performance. Our results indicate better performance on these tasks than the state-of-the-art SR software packages , even in cases where no knowledge is integrated. Moreover, we demonstrate how SciMED can alert the user about possible missing features, unlike the majority of current SR systems.
A closer look at the perceptual source in copy raising constructions
Creators: name: Rudolph, Rachel Etta
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Simple claims with the verb ‘seem’, as well as the specific sensory verbs, ‘look’, ‘sound’, etc., require the speaker to have some relevant kind of perceptual acquaintance (Pearson, 2013; Ninan, 2014). But different forms of these reports differ in their perceptual requirements. For example, the copy raising (CR) report, ‘Tom seems like he’s cooking’ requires the speaker to have seen Tom, while its expletive subject (ES) variant, ‘It seems like Tom is cooking’, does not (Rogers, 1972; Asudeh and Toivonen, 2012). This contrast has led some theorists to hold that the matrix subject in CR constructions is uniformly interpreted as the perceptual source (p-source) (Asudeh and Toivonen, 2012; Rett and Hyams, 2014). Others, based on examples of CR reports that seem not to require perception of the referent of the matrix subject, have taken the p-source interpretation instead to be non-uniform across CR reports (Landau, 2011; Doran, 2015). We reconsider these theoretical approaches to copy raising in light of new experimental work probing the sensitivity of these requirements to the matrix verb, the embedded ‘like’-clause, and the context. While we find some motivation for a non-uniform p-source analysis, it comes from importantly different cases than those others have relied on. Furthermore, our findings cast doubt on the prevalent assumption that the perceptual requirements of CR reports are to be captured solely by the presence or absence of the p-source interpretation. We suggest that the data motivating a non-uniform p-source view are better captured by an alternative approach, which makes use of a more minimal evidential source role, in place of the perceptual source role. We close by considering the relationship between English copy raising and evidential constructions cross-linguistically.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Interaction of two Rydberg atoms in the vicinity of an optical nanofibre
Creators: name: Stourm, E.
name: Lepers, M.
name: Robert, J.
name: Chormaic, S. Nic
name: Mølmer, K.
name: Brion, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider two rubidium atoms, prepared in the same S or P Rydberg states near an optical nanofibre. We determine the van der Waals interaction between them and identify novel features, including the reshaping of the interaction anisotropy and the formation of an interaction potential well near the nanofibre for P states. We attribute these phenomena to the breaking of the rotation symmetry around the interatomic axis due to the presence of the fibre. Our work constitutes an important step in the assessment of Rydberg atom-nanofibre quantum interfaces and devices.
description: 28 pages, 18 figures
Magnetic entropy change and critical exponents in double perovskite Y2NiMnO6
Creators: name: Sharma, G.
name: Tripathi, T. S.
name: Saha, J.
name: Patnaik, S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the magnetic entropy change and the critical exponents in the double perovskite manganite Y2NiMnO6 with a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition TC=85K. For a magnetic field change of 80kOe, a maximum magnetic entropy change -6.57 J /kg K is recorded around TC. The corresponding relative cooling power (134 J / kg) is appreciable towards potential application as a magnetic refrigerant. The critical exponents, beta and gamma satisfy well to values derived for a 3D Heisenberg ferromagnet.
description: 18 Pages, 5 figures
The Fermi Bubbles Revisited
Creators: name: Yang, Rui-zhi
name: Aharonian, Felix
name: Crocker, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze 60 months of all sky data from the Fermi-LAT. The Fermi Bubble structures discovered previously are clearly revealed by our analysis. With more data and, consequently, better statistics we can now divide each bubble into constant longitude slices to investigate their gross $γ$-ray spectral morphology. While the detailed spectral behaviour of each slice derived within our analysis is somewhat dependent on the assumed background model, we find, robustly, a relative deficit of the flux at low energies (i.e., hardening) towards the top of the South Bubble. In neither Bubble does the spectrum soften with longitude. The morphology of the Fermi Bubbles is also revealed to be energy dependent: at high energies they are more extended. We conclude from the gamma-ray spectrum at high latitudes that a low energy break in the parent cosmic ray population is required in both leptonic and hadronic models. We briefly discuss possible leptonic and hadronic interpretation of this phenomenology.
description: 8 pages. 9 figures. Submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
CaMKII autophosphorylation can occur between holoenzymes without subunit exchange
Creators: name: Lučić, Iva
name: Héluin, Léonie
name: Jiang, Pin-Lian
name: Castro Scalise, Alejandro G.
name: Wang, Cong
name: Franz, Andreas
name: Heyd, Florian
name: Wahl, Markus
name: Liu, Fan
name: Plested, Andrew
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 570 Biologie

description: The article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
description: The dodecameric protein kinase CaMKII is expressed throughout the body. The alpha isoform is responsible for synaptic plasticity and participates in memory through its phosphorylation of synaptic proteins. Its elaborate subunit organization and propensity for autophosphorylation allow it to preserve neuronal plasticity across space and time. The prevailing hypothesis for the spread of CaMKII activity, involving shuffling of subunits between activated and naive holoenzymes, is broadly termed subunit exchange. In contrast to the expectations of previous work, we found little evidence for subunit exchange upon activation, and no effect of restraining subunits to their parent holoenzymes. Rather, mass photometry, crosslinking mass spectrometry, single molecule TIRF microscopy and biochemical assays identify inter-holoenzyme phosphorylation (IHP) as the mechanism for spreading phosphorylation. The transient, activity-dependent formation of groups of holoenzymes is well suited to the speed of neuronal activity. Our results place fundamental limits on the activation mechanism of this kinase.
Galaxy formation
Creators: name: Silk, Joseph
name: Di Cintio, Arianna
name: Dvorkin, Irina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy formation is at the forefront of observation and theory in cosmology. An improved understanding is essential for improving our knowledge both of the cosmological parameters, of the contents of the universe, and of our origins. In these lectures intended for graduate students, galaxy formation theory is reviewed and confronted with recent observational issues. In Lecture 1, the following topics are presented: star formation considerations, including IMF, star formation efficiency and star formation rate, the origin of the galaxy luminosity function, and feedback in dwarf galaxies. In Lecture 2, we describe formation of disks and massive spheroids, including the growth of supermassive black holes, negative feedback in spheroids, the AGN-star formation connection, star formation rates at high redshift and the baryon fraction in galaxies.
description: Lectures given at Post-Planck Cosmology, Ecole de Physique des Houches, Les Houches, July 8-Aug 2, 2013, eds. B. Wandelt, C. Deffayet, P. Peter, to be published by Oxford University Press, and New Horizons for Observational Cosmology, International School of Physics Enrico Fermi, Varenna, July 1-6, 2013, eds. A. Melchiorri, A. Cooray, E. Komatsu, to be published by the Italian Society of Physics
Responding to negative assertions in Germanic: On yes and no in English, Dutch and Swedish
Creators: name: Repp, Sophie
name: Meijer, A. Marlijn
name: Scherf, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper presents evidence from three acceptability judgement experiments that tested the acceptability of the response particles YES and NO in affirming and rejecting responses to negative assertions in three Germanic languages. The study shows that the acceptability of the particles differs between the three languages, but does not correlate with the availability of a dedicated rejecting particle like German doch in the particle system of a language. Furthermore, the experiments revealed that there is considerable inter-individual variation. The paper thus contributes to the ongoing exploration of inter-individual variability in the use and meaning of response particles, which was first explored experimentally for German by Claus, Meijer, Repp and Krifka (2017). The paper discusses current theories of response particles and offers a preliminary account of the findings in the anaphora account of Roelofsen and Farkas (2015).
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23