cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
WR1065 mitigates AZT-ddI-induced mutagenesis and inhibits viral replication
Creators: name: Hardy, Andrew W.
name: Torres, Salina M.
name: Poirier, Miriam C.
name: Olivero, Ofelia A.
name: Shearer, Gene M.
name: Swenberg, James A.
name: Walker, Vernon E.
name: Upton, Patricia B.
name: McCash, Consuelo L.
name: Kajon, Adriana E.
name: Carter, Meghan M.
name: Walker, Dale M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The success of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in treating HIV-1 infection and reducing mother-to-child transmission of the virus during pregnancy is accompanied by evidence that NRTIs cause long-term health risks for cancer and mitochondrial disease. Thus, agents that mitigate toxicities of the current combination drug therapies are needed. Previous work had shown that the NRTI-drug pair zidovudine (AZT)–didanosine (ddI) was highly cytotoxic and mutagenic; thus, we conducted preliminary studies to investigate the ability of the active moiety of amifostine, WR1065, to protect against the deleterious effects of this NRTI-drug pair. In TK6 cells exposed to 100 μM AZT-ddI (equimolar) for 3 days with or without 150 μM WR1065, WR1065 enhanced long-term cell survival and significantly reduced AZT-ddI-induced mutations. Follow-up studies were conducted to determine if coexposure to AZT and WR1065 abrogated the antiretroviral efficacy of AZT. In human T-cell blasts infected with HIV-1 in culture, inhibition of p24 protein production was observed in cells treated with 10 μM AZT in the absence or presence of 5–1,000 μM WR1065. Surprisingly, WR1065 alone exhibited dose-related inhibition of HIV-1 p24 protein production. WR1065 also had antiviral efficacy against three species of adenovirus and influenza A and B. Intracellular levels of unbound WR1065 were measured following in vitro/in vivo drug exposure. These pilot study results indicate that WR1065, at low intracellular levels, has cytoprotective and antimutagenic activities against the most mutagenic pair of NRTIs and has broad spectrum anti-viral effects. These findings suggest that the activities have a possible common mode of action that merits further investigation.
Entire subsolutions of fully nonlinear degenerate elliptic equations
Creators: name: Dolcetta, Italo Capuzzo
name: Leoni, Fabiana
name: Vitolo, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J60

description: We prove existence and non existence results for fully nonlinear degenerate elliptic inequalities, by showing that the classical Keller--Osserman condition on the zero order term is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of entire sub solutions.
Orbe, António, Parabolas evangélicas en San Ireneo, tom. l-ll. Editorial Católica, S. A. Col. BAC, nn. 331-332. Vols. de XII+460 e VIII+516 ps., respectivamente. 130x200. Madrid 1972
Creators: name: Correia, Francisco Carvalho
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 1973

description: Theologica, v. 8 n. 2 (1973)
Private and Robust Aggregate Statistics Collection with Shamir-Secret Sharing
Creators: name: Srinivasan, Shweta
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Today's world is filled with smartwatches and smartphones which collect data every second of every day. The data collected from the user of such devices, the client, and is being accessed by the creator of the applications on the devices at the servers. The client's data is sensitive and private (e.g., its current location), and the servers need only the statistical functions over the values of all clients (e.g., the most popular location). The existing work Prio [\cite{DBLP:journals/corr/Corrigan-GibbsB17}] presents a privacy-preserving protocol for the collection of aggregate statistics. Their protocol ensures that the client's private data is protected as long as at least one server is honest. However, it is only robust against malicious clients and not against malicious servers. In particular, even a single malicious server can arbitrarily change the aggregate output. In this work, we present a new protocol that guarantees data privacy as well as system robustness in the presence of both malicious clients and malicious servers as long as a majority of the servers are honest. Our new protocol extends the Prio protocol by introducing Shamir secret sharing in place of additive secret sharing.
De Clerco, Carolus, Fontes luridici Ecclesiarum Orientalium-Studium Historicum. Edit. Pont. Institutum Orlentalium Studiarum. Vol. de 191 ps. 150x215. Roma 1967
Creators: name: Gigante, José António Martins
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 1973

description: Theologica, v. 8 n. 2 (1973)
ImageAssist: Tools for Enhancing Touchscreen-Based Image Exploration Systems for Blind and Low Vision Users
Creators: name: Nair, Vishnu
name: Zhu, Hanxiu 'Hazel'
name: Smith, Brian A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blind and low vision (BLV) users often rely on alt text to understand what a digital image is showing. However, recent research has investigated how touch-based image exploration on touchscreens can supplement alt text. Touchscreen-based image exploration systems allow BLV users to deeply understand images while granting a strong sense of agency. Yet, prior work has found that these systems require a lot of effort to use, and little work has been done to explore these systems' bottlenecks on a deeper level and propose solutions to these issues. To address this, we present ImageAssist, a set of three tools that assist BLV users through the process of exploring images by touch -- scaffolding the exploration process. We perform a series of studies with BLV users to design and evaluate ImageAssist, and our findings reveal several implications for image exploration tools for BLV users.
Phase-field modeling of grain growth in presence of grain boundary diffusion and segregation in ceramic matrix mini-composites
Creators: name: Kundin, Julia
name: Farhandi, Hedieh
name: Ganesan, Kamatchi Priya
name: Saint Martin Almeida, Renato
name: Tushtev, Kamen
name: Rezwan, Kurosch
Publisher: name: Elsevier {BV}
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Grain growth
subject: Grain boundary diffusion
subject: Phase-field modeling
subject: Ceramic Matrix Composites
subject: Ceramic fibers Nextel 610
subject: 620

description: The grain boundary diffusion and segregation can influence the grain growth kinetics, the grain size distribution, and therefore the mechanical properties of the ceramic matrix composites. The present paper proposes a phasefield modeling approach to simulate the grain growth in polycrystalline alumina fibers embedded in alumina matrix at temperatures above 1000 ◦C in presence of the grain boundary diffusion of dopants from the matrix to the fiber and vice versa. The multi-phase-field model for grain growth [I. Steinbach and F. Pezzolla, Phys. D, 134 (1999) 385] is extended by the incorporation of the grain boundary diffusion, grain boundary segregation model, and the dependence of the interface mobility on the segregation concentration. The kinetic parameters of the model which allow describing the real microstructure evolution were estimated by the comparison to the experimental measurements. The simulation and experimental results of the grain growth with the diffusion of dopants in Nextel 610 fibers show the significant effect of the grain boundary diffusion on the grain size distribution. The results of numerical tests were used to adjust the values of the grain boundary diffusion coefficients by the experimental data at different temperatures by means of an inverse method. From the simulations, the diffusion coefficient of Mg was estimated to be 6–7 times higher than that of Si.
Relationships between Journal Publication, Citation, and Usage Metrics within a Carnegie R1 University Collection: A Correlation Analysis
Creators: name: Mischo, William H.
name: Schlembach, Mary C.
name: Cabada, Elisandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.4
subject: 68P20

description: This study examines the correlational relationships between local journal authorship, local and external citation counts, full-text downloads, link-resolver clicks, and four global journal impact factor indices within an all-disciplines journal collection of 12,200 titles and six subject subsets at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Library. While earlier investigations of the relationships between usage (downloads) and citation metrics have been inconclusive, this study shows strong correlations in the all-disciplines set and most subject subsets. The normalized Eigenfactor was the only global impact factor index that correlated highly with local journal metrics. Some of the identified disciplinary variances among the six subject subsets may be explained by the journal publication aspirations of UIUC researchers. The correlations between authorship and local citations in the six specific subject subsets closely match national department or program rankings.
description: 23 pages; 9 tables
Evaluation of some morphological determinants of handball players u 19 years and their relationship to the level of explosive force.
Creators: name: Foukia, Ibrahim
name: Mahor Bacha, Sabira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Evaluation; morphological determinants; relationship; explosive power; handball players u 19

description: The aim of this study was to evaluate the model of some important anthropometric requirements in handball and the explosive force For the hand and legs of handball players u19.Through a descriptive study of our research sample of 174 players. The results found that there was a onvergence between the youngsters under the age of 19 years for the teams of the West of Algeria in terms of some physical measurements; And the impact of explosive force, and there is an impact of anthropometricmeasurements in the results of tests of explosive strength in handball players.
Behavioural and fitness effects of translocation to a novel environment: Whole‐lake experiments in two aquatic top predators
Creators: name: Monk, Christopher T.
name: Chéret, Bernard
name: Czapla, Philipp
name: Hühn, Daniel
name: Klefoth, Thomas
name: Eschbach, Erik
name: Hagemann, Robert
name: Arlinghaus, Robert
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: acoustic telemetry
subject: European catfish
subject: fish behaviour
subject: northern pike
subject: reality mining
subject: species introductions
subject: stocking
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Translocation into a novel environment through common fisheries management practices, such as fish stocking, provides opportunities to study behavioural and fitness impacts of translocations at realistic ecological scales. The process of stocking, as well as the unfamiliarity with novel ecological conditions and the interactions with resident fish may affect translocated individuals, leading to alterations of behaviours and causing fitness impacts. Our objectives were to investigate how aquatic top predators behaviourally establish themselves and compete with resident individuals following introduction in a novel lake environment and to investigate the resulting fitness consequences. Using high‐resolution acoustic telemetry, we conducted whole‐lake experiments and compared the activity, activity‐space size and fate of translocated and resident individuals in two model top predators, the northern pike Esox lucius (n = 160) and European catfish Silurus glanis (n = 33). Additionally, we compared the reproductive success of translocated and resident northern pike. The experiment was conducted with large (adult) individuals of different origins, resilient to predation, but subject to agonistic interactions and competition with resident fish. Over a period of several months, the translocated catfish exhibited consistently larger activity‐space sizes than resident catfish, but did not differ from residents in activity and survival. The pike from one of the two translocated origins we tested also showed elevated space‐use, and both translocated origins revealed higher mortality rates than their resident conspecifics, indicating maladjustment to their novel environment. When non‐resident pike reproduced, they overwhelmingly produced hybrid offspring with resident fish, indicating that introductions fostered gene flow of non‐native genes. Our study indicates that fish introductions result in behavioural and fitness impacts even in large‐bodied top predators that experience low levels of natural predation risk.
Convenient, multi-well plate-based DNA damage response analysis using DT40 mutants is applicable to a high-throughput genotoxicity assay with characterization of modes of action
Creators: name: Swenberg, James A.
name: Ridpath, John R.
name: Nakamura, Jun
name: Takeda, Shunichi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Chemists continually synthesize myriad new chemicals (~2000/yr), some of which make their way into the environment or otherwise pose possible threats to humans who potentially become exposed to the compounds. Regulators must determine whether these, along with the glut (~80,000) of existing, chemicals are toxic and at what exposure levels. An important component of this determination is to ascertain the mode of action (MOA) of each compound as it relates to the pathway the compound uses to induce genotoxicity. Several assays have traditionally been used to reveal these effects to the genome: the Ames test, tests with yeast and mammalian cell lines, and animal studies. Previously, we described a new multi-well plate-based method which makes use of the DT40 isogenic cell line and its dozens of available mutants knocked out in DNA repair and cell cycle pathways and we now provide a detailed protocol of the further improvement of the assay. Although the DT40 line has existed for some time and has been used in numerous studies of DNA repair pathways, little use has been made of this valuable resource for toxicological investigations. Our method introduces the XTT dye scheme determination of cell survival in a manner that greatly increases throughput and reduces cost while maintaining reasonable sensitivity. Although this new genotoxicity assay requires validation with many more mutagens before becoming an established, regulatory decision-making analysis tool, we believe that this method will be very advantageous if eventually added to the repertoire of those investigating MOAs of potentially genotoxic substances.
CCDs for the instrumentation of the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo
Creators: name: Cosentino, R.
name: Bonanno, G.
name: Bruno, P.
name: Scuderi, S.
name: Bonoli, C.
name: Bortoletto, F.
name: D'Alessandro, M.
name: Fantinel, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most of the scientific instrumentation as well as the tracking systems and the Shack- Hartmann wavefront analysers at the Italian National Telescope Galileo use CCDs as detectors. The characterization of detectors is of fundamental importance for their correct utilization in scientific instrumentation. We report on the measurement of the electro-optical characteristics of CCDs that will be used in the scientific instrumentation at the Italian National Telescope. In particular we will show and compare the quantum eÆciency, the charge transfer eÆciency, the dark current, the read out noise the uniformity and the linearity of two sets of CCDs manufactured by EEV and LORAL. Finally, we will show the preliminary tests done at the telescope with the optical imager that has a mosaic of two EEV chips.
description: 11 pages
Ionized gas at the edge of the Central Molecular Zone
Creators: name: Langer, W. D.
name: Goldsmith, P. F.
name: Pineda, J. L.
name: Velusamy, T.
name: Requena-Torres, M. A.
name: Wiesemeyer, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To determine the properties of the ionized gas at the edge of the CMZ near Sgr E we observed a small portion of the edge of the CMZ near Sgr E with spectrally resolved [C II] 158 micron and [N II] 205 micron fine structure lines at six positions with the GREAT instrument on SOFIA and in [C II] using Herschel HIFI on-the-fly strip maps. We use the [N II] spectra along with a radiative transfer model to calculate the electron density of the gas and the [C II] maps to illuminate the morphology of the ionized gas and model the column density of CO-dark H2. We detect two [C II] and [N II] velocity components, one along the line of sight to a CO molecular cloud at -207 km/s associated with Sgr E and the other at -174 km/s outside the edge of another CO cloud. From the [N II] emission we find that the average electron density is in the range of about 5 to 25 cm{-3} for these features. This electron density is much higher than that of the warm ionized medium in the disk. The column density of the CO-dark H$_2$ layer in the -207 km/s cloud is about 1-2X10{21} cm{-2} in agreement with theoretical models. The CMZ extends further out in Galactic radius by 7 to 14 pc in ionized gas than it does in molecular gas traced by CO. The edge of the CMZ likely contains dense hot ionized gas surrounding the neutral molecular material. The high fractional abundance of N+ and high electron density require an intense EUV field with a photon flux of order 1e6 to 1e7 photons cm{-2} s{-1}, and/or efficient proton charge exchange with nitrogen, at temperatures of order 1e4 K, and/or a large flux of X-rays. Sgr E is a region of massive star formation which are a potential sources of the EUV radiation that can ionize the gas. In addition X-ray sources and the diffuse X-ray emission in the CMZ are candidates for ionizing nitrogen.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Anarchy and Fairness in Ride-Sharing System
Creators: name: Wen, Zhongkai
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Ride-sharing platforms have become increasingly popular. The platforms act as "matchmaker" for a two sided market --- people who would like to pay for a short-distance travel and people who offer to drive them around to get paid. Currently, drivers serving in the platform have autonomy on whether or not they participate in it at any given moment. Such autonomous behaviors may, however, not be beneficial to the platforms and the riders, and, consequently the drivers themselves. In this thesis we examine two problems regarding ride-sharing platforms. The first is optimal policies for empty-car relocations; the second is whether simple pricing can replace origin-based pricing when platforms have control over the relocations of empty cars. To address the first problem, we model the ride-sharing system as a finite-state discrete fluid model. We focus on designing relocation policy for empty cars. We study the steady state distribution of mass drivers under any chosen strategy, and establish the existence and uniqueness of the steady state. We then develop a constructive framework to design a dynamic relocation policy. We prove that the constructive dynamic relocation policy enjoys many desirable properties. The simulations based on both synthetic and real data shows that our constructive relocation policy outperforms other policies in terms of some quantitative metrics. Our constructive approach provides a flexible framework to suit many types of objectives, such as efficiency, fairness, and as well as combinations of objectives. To address the second problem, we refine our model to: (1) take account the effect of price on the two-sided ride-sharing market; and (2) use infinite horizon average-reward Markov Model for strategic drivers' relocation decision process. We show in a simple three-region case that the drivers' optimal strategy may not be aligned with the request of rides. This can occur when passenger-less drivers relocate to regions that are already saturated when there are still regions with unfilled demand. Allowing the platform to control empty rides can remedy this situation. We also show that this control is beneficial not only to the platforms and the drivers, but also to the passengers.
Maldonado, Luís, Homilias seculares sobre el nuevo leccionário - Meditacion, Exégesis, Actualizacion. Ed. Sígueme. Vol. de 315 ps. 135x215. Salamanca 1971
Creators: name: Santos, Alexandrino Fernandes Dos
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 1973

description: Theologica, v. 8 n. 2 (1973)
Arrenurus (Brevicaudaturus) quadrilobatus Nayar 1969
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Arrenuridae
Arrenurus
Arrenurus quadrilobatus

description: Arrenurus (Brevicaudaturus) quadrilobatus Nayar, 1969
Records from the study area: Kerala—Nayar (1969b); Smit & Pešić (2008).
Remarks: K. O.Viets (1978) listed this species with a question mark as synonym of Arrenurus bicornutus Piersig, 1898.
Habitat: Ponds.
Distribution: India
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
A Prospective Twin Study of the Bidirectional Associations Between Depression and Stressful Life Events
Creators: name: Funkhouser, Carter
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Major Depression (MD) and stressful life events (SLEs) commonly occur in close temporal proximity to each other. Theoretical models of depression have proposed various hypotheses explaining this relationship including stress exposure (SLE -> MD), stress generation (MD -> SLE), transactional causation (SLE <-> MD), and common genetic or environmental factors increasing risk for both MD and SLEs. This study compared these theoretical hypotheses by applying multivariate twin modeling to a sample of adult female twins (N = 2,091). The occurrence of MD onsets and various SLEs in each month in the prior year was assessed via interview at up to four waves. MD onset data was extracted for one month per twin pair and SLE data was extracted for the preceding and subsequent six months. MD onset was phenotypically associated with increased risk for any SLE in the subsequent (but not preceding) six months. Twin modeling suggested this association may be explained by environmental factors increasing risk for both MD and a SLE. Additional analyses examined whether associations with MD onset varied across SLEs using incrementally more homogeneous operationalizations of SLEs: (a) any interpersonal SLE, (b) any non-interpersonal SLE, and (c) individual SLEs (e.g., divorce/separation, major financial problems). Common individual-specific environmental risk factors similarly explained MD onset’s associations with any interpersonal SLE and any non-interpersonal SLE. Analyses of individual SLEs suggested that the sources and magnitudes of associations with MD onset did not differ between two individual non-interpersonal SLEs (serious illness/injury and major financial problems), but may vary across individual interpersonal SLEs. The best-fitting model indicated that divorce/separation directly increased risk for MD onset, which in turn directly increased risk for serious marital problems. These two causal pathways were significantly stronger than pathways between MD onset and the other interpersonal SLEs, suggesting potential specificity. Broadly, this study demonstrates some of the promise and challenges associated with using twin modeling to compare competing theoretical hypotheses regarding the association between MD and SLEs.
GUP corrections to black hole thermodynamics in the extended phase space approach
Creators: name: López, Eduardo
name: Bargueño, Pedro
name: Contreras, Ernesto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study corrections to black hole temperature and entropy in the context of the generalized uncertainty principle. In particular, we obtain corrected asymptotically anti de-Sitter black hole solutions following the extended phase space scheme in which the cosmological constant is considered as a thermodynamic pressure satisfying certain equation of state. Among all the possibilities, we consider that the cosmological pressure satisfies either a Polytropic or a Chaplygin equation of state. The physical plausibility of the solutions is studied based on the energy conditions and the associated heat capacity.
Mechanism of Release and Fate of Excised Oligonucleotides during Nucleotide Excision Repair
Creators: name: Lindsey-Boltz, Laura A.
name: Kemp, Michael G.
name: Sancar, Aziz
name: Reardon, Joyce T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: A wide range of environmental and carcinogenic agents form bulky lesions on DNA that are removed from the human genome in the form of short, ∼30-nucleotide oligonucleotides by the process of nucleotide excision repair. Although significant insights have been made regarding the mechanisms of damage recognition, dual incisions, and repair resynthesis during nucleotide excision repair, the fate of the dual incision/excision product is unknown. Using excision assays with both mammalian cell-free extract and purified proteins, we unexpectedly discovered that lesion-containing oligonucleotides are released from duplex DNA in complex with the general transcription and repair factor, Transcription Factor IIH (TFIIH). Release of excision products from TFIIH requires ATP but not ATP hydrolysis, and release occurs slowly, with a t½ of 3.3 h. Excised oligonucleotides released from TFIIH then become bound by the single-stranded binding protein Replication Protein A or are targeted by cellular nucleases. These results provide a mechanism for release and an understanding of the initial fate of excised oligonucleotides during nucleotide excision repair.
Biostimulation Reveals Functional Redundancy of Anthracene-Degrading Bacteria in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil
Creators: name: Dunlevy, Sage R.
name: Singleton, David R.
name: Aitken, Michael D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Stable-isotope probing was previously used to identify bacterial anthracene-degraders in untreated soil from a former manufactured gas plant site. However, subsequent pyrosequence analyses of total bacterial communities and quantification of 16S rRNA genes indicated that relative abundances of the predominant anthracene-degrading bacteria (designated Anthracene Group 1) diminished as a result of biological treatment conditions in lab-scale, aerobic bioreactors. This study identified Alphaproteobacterial anthracene-degrading bacteria in bioreactor-treated soil which were dissimilar to those previously identified. The largest group of sequences was from the Alterythrobacter genus while other groups of sequences were associated with bacteria within the order Rhizobiales and the genus Bradyrhizobium. Conditions in the bioreactor enriched for organisms capable of degrading anthracene which were not the same as those identified as dominant degraders in the untreated soil. Further, these data suggest that identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in contaminated but untreated soil may be a poor indicator of the most active degraders during biological treatment.
Emergence of Soft Communities from Geometric Preferential Attachment
Creators: name: Zuev, Konstantin
name: Boguna, Marian
name: Bianconi, Ginestra
name: Krioukov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: All real networks are different, but many have some structural properties in common. There seems to be no consensus on what the most common properties are, but scale-free degree distributions, strong clustering, and community structure are frequently mentioned without question. Surprisingly, there exists no simple generative mechanism explaining all the three properties at once in growing networks. Here we show how latent network geometry coupled with preferential attachment of nodes to this geometry fills this gap. We call this mechanism geometric preferential attachment (GPA), and validate it against the Internet. GPA gives rise to soft communities that provide a different perspective on the community structure in networks. The connections between GPA and cosmological models, including inflation, are also discussed.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Quasi normal modes of a Casimir--like traversable wormhole through the semi-analytical WKB approach
Creators: name: Avalos, Roberto
name: Contreras, Ernesto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we implement the semi-analytical WKB method to explore the behaviour of a scalar field on a traversable wormhole space--time with a Casimir--like complexity reported in Eur. Phys. J. C 82, 420 (2022). We estimate the error in the computation of the quasi--normal frequencies of the scalar field at each order in the WKB and show that the order with the best accuracy is not unique. We compute the value of the quasinormal frequencies for the smallest estimated error. As an aside, we find that the imaginary part of the quasinormal modes frequencies approach to zero for the fundamental mode mimicking the so--called quasi--resonance observed for massive scalar fields in the Reissner--Nordström background.
Hecke eigenvalues and relations for Siegel Eisenstein series of arbitrary degree, level, and character
Creators: name: Walling, Lynne H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F46, 11F11

description: We evaluate the action of Hecke operators on Siegel Eisenstein series of arbitrary degree, level and character. For square-free level, we simultaneously diagonalise the space with respect to all the Hecke operators, computing the eigenvalues explicitly, and obtain a multiplicity-one result. For arbitrary level, we simultaneously diagonalise the space with respect to the Hecke operators attached to primes not dividing the level, again computing the eigenvalues explicitly.
description: to appear, Internat. J. Number Theory
Asiatisch-stämmige Einwanderer in Neuseelands Gesellschaft und Politik
Creators: name: Witte, Arne
Publisher: name: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia
Year: 2022

description: New Zealand is one of the few Western countries that is experiencing constant population growth due to steady migration. Its breakaway from Great Britain and its subsequent focus on the Asian region has had an impact on the country's immigration. While there were only 53,500 ethnic Asians living in New Zealand in 1986, the number increased to about 540,000 by 2013 - a ninth of New Zealand's total population of about 4.5 million. The effects are not only visible in the country's conurbations but they also affect New Zealand's politics. In addition to the Maori, a new Asian minority is on the rise. Despite the great ethnic heterogeneity in this group, it mainly consists of highly qualified and skilled workers. They are politically interested and participate in shaping their adopted home. Further, New Zealand's political system has a lack of institutional hurdles to restrict their growing political influence. This growing influence in return encourages all political parties to take the interests of the Asian community seriously. New Zealand's self-perception as a bicultural society is at crossroads as the country becomes multicultural.
description: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia, Nr. 135 (2015): ASIEN (April)
Australiens Aborigines im Abseits
Creators: name: Rackow, Lion
Publisher: name: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia
Year: 2022

description: Although there has recently been a fundamental change in public debates concerning the discrimination of Aborigines, the position of native inhabitants of Australia as the weakest link in Australian society remains unaltered. As a result the gap between the indigenous and the non-indigenous populations have grown to such an extent that unemployment, criminality and bad health care have turned many aboriginal communities into isolated "fourth world" areas. The traumatic experiences these people have endured especially as a result of the policies from the "Stolen Generation" era caused many families to be dysfunctional thus resonating negatively down the generations and creating a vicious circle of social problems. The political efforts to improve the living conditions of the Aborigines have often shown a lack of empathy, understanding and effectiveness. This has been especially exacerbated by the practise of excluding the native Australians from the decision-making process for policies which concern them instead of involving them in it.
description: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia, Nr. 135 (2015): ASIEN (April)
Association of Growth Substrates and Bacterial Genera with Benzo[ a ]pyrene Mineralization in Contaminated Soil
Creators: name: Aitken, Michael D.
name: Rodgers-Vieira, Elyse A.
name: Hu, Jing
name: Jones, Maiysha D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that is not known to be a bacterial growth substrate. Organisms capable of cometabolizing BaP in complex field-contaminated systems have not previously been identified. We evaluated BaP mineralization by a bacterial community from a bioreactor treating PAH-contaminated soil during coincubation with or after pre-enrichment on various PAHs as growth substrates. Pyrosequence libraries of 16S rRNA genes were used to identify bacteria that were enriched on the added growth substrate as a means of associating specific organisms with BaP mineralization. Coincubating the bioreactor-treated soil with naphthalene, phenanthrene, or pyrene inhibited BaP mineralization, whereas pre-enriching the soil on the same three PAHs enhanced BaP mineralization. Combined, these results suggest that bacteria in the bioreactor community that are capable of growing on naphthalene, phenanthrene, and/or pyrene can metabolize BaP, with coincubation competitively inhibiting BaP metabolism. Anthracene, fluoranthene, and benz[a]anthracene had little effect on BaP mineralization compared to incubations without an added growth substrate under either coincubation or pre-enrichment conditions. Substantial increases in relative abundance after pre-enrichment with phenanthrene, naphthalene, or pyrene, but not the other PAHs, suggest that members of the genera Cupriavidus and Luteimonas may have been associated with BaP mineralization.
Australiens geostrategische Rolle als aufstrebende Mittelmacht im Indo-Pazifik
Creators: name: Dietrich, Max
Publisher: name: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia
Year: 2022

description: The Indo-Pacific is a young geopolitical concept that views the West-Pacific and the Indian Ocean as an important strategic region. Being westerly in its identity and Asian in its geography, Australia finds itself in the middle of this global upheaval. This creates new possibilities for regional influence, as well as challenges that demand responsible solutions. Australia is successfully working in two directions, with the USA as its most important political partner and with China as its most important economic partner. But this strategy could cause a long-term dilemma. In the event of a conflict between Beijing and Washington, Canberra will likely be forced to align with one of the world powers.
description: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia, Nr. 135 (2015): ASIEN (April)
On Solutions of Minimal Massive 3D Gravity
Creators: name: Arvanitakis, Alex S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We look at solutions of Minimal Massive Gravity (MMG), a generalisation of Topologically Massive Gravity (TMG) that improves upon its holographic properties. It is shown that generically (in MMG parameter space) all conformally flat solutions of vacuum MMG are locally isometric to one of the two (A)dS vacua of the theory. We then couple a scalar field, and find that domain wall solutions can only interpolate between these two vacua precisely when the bulk graviton is tachyonic. Finally, we find a non-BTZ AdS black hole solution satisfying Brown-Henneaux boundary conditions, which lies within the "bulk/ boundary unitarity region".
description: 12 pages, references added
The final fate of stars that ignite neon and oxygen off-center: electron capture or iron core-collapse supernova?
Creators: name: Jones, Samuel
name: Hirschi, Raphael
name: Nomoto, Ken'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the ONeMg cores of $8.8-9.5~{\rm M}_\odot$ stars, neon and oxygen burning is ignited off-center. Whether the neon-oxygen flame propagates to the center is critical to determine whether these stars undergo Fe core collapse or electron capture induced ONeMg core collapse. We present more details of stars that ignite neon and oxygen burning off-center. The neon flame is established in a similar manner to the carbon flame of super-AGB stars, albeit with a narrower flame width. The criteria for establishing a flame are able to be met if the strict Schwarzschild criterion for convective instability is adopted. Mixing across the interface of the convective shell disrupts the conditions for the propagation of the burning front and instead the shell burns as a series of inward-moving flashes. While this may not directly affect whether the burning will reach the center (as in super-AGB stars), the core is allowed to contract between each shell flash. Reduction of the electron fraction in the shell reduces the Chandrasekhar mass and the center reaches the threshold density for the URCA process to activate and steer the remaining evolution of the core. This highlights the importance of a more accurate treatment of mixing in the stellar interior for yet another important question in stellar astrophysics - determining the properties of stellar evolution and supernova progenitors at the boundary between electron capture supernova and iron core-collapse supernova.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. Published in Astrophysical Journal; double-column version
Quasi Normal Modes of hairy black holes at higher--order WKB approach
Creators: name: Avalos, Roberto
name: Contreras, Ernesto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we implement the $13^{th}$ order semi-analytical WKB method to explore the stability of hairy black holes obtained in the framework of Gravitational Decoupling. In particular, we perform a detailed analysis of the frequencies of the quasi-normal modes as a function of the primary hair of the solutions with the aim to bound their values. We explore a broad interval in a step of 0.1 of the hair parameters. We find that except for some cases where the method is expected to have poor accuracy, all the solutions seem to be stable and the role played by the primary hair is twofold: to modulate the damping factor of the perturbation and to decrease the frequency of its oscillation.
Death by Abandonment: Understanding North Lawndale's Historically High Homicide Rate
Creators: name: Devaney, Kaitlin
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Drawing on twenty-seven interviews with community stakeholders in the North Lawndale neighborhood on the West Side of Chicago, this research attempts to add context to the neighborhood’s historically high homicide rate. North Lawndale serves as an example of how neighborhood abandonment creates an environment that increases the possibilities of homicide. This abandonment comes in 4 larger forms: physical abandonment, abandonment of care, state abandonment and disinvestment, and the dissolution of traditional gangs. Through an in-depth qualitative study, this dissertation examined how these forms of abandonment of and in North Lawndale can best be understood as results of the dominant racial project. It finds that North Lawndale’s high homicide rate is significantly connected to the racial project of abandonment, including the idea that Blackness is violent and deserving of incarceration, poverty, avoidance, and abandonment.
Cluster-Guided Label Generation in Extreme Multi-Label Classification
Creators: name: Jung, Taehee
name: Kim, Joo-Kyung
name: Lee, Sungjin
name: Kang, Dongyeop
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For extreme multi-label classification (XMC), existing classification-based models poorly perform for tail labels and often ignore the semantic relations among labels, like treating "Wikipedia" and "Wiki" as independent and separate labels. In this paper, we cast XMC as a generation task (XLGen), where we benefit from pre-trained text-to-text models. However, generating labels from the extremely large label space is challenging without any constraints or guidance. We, therefore, propose to guide label generation using label cluster information to hierarchically generate lower-level labels. We also find that frequency-based label ordering and using decoding ensemble methods are critical factors for the improvements in XLGen. XLGen with cluster guidance significantly outperforms the classification and generation baselines on tail labels, and also generally improves the overall performance in four popular XMC benchmarks. In human evaluation, we also find XLGen generates unseen but plausible labels. Our code is now available at https://github.com/alexa/xlgen-eacl-2023.
"East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone" of the People's Republic of China
Creators: name: Richter, Jiagu
name: Richter, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Asien
Year: 2022

description: China established the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone (ECS ADIZ) on 23 November 2013. It includes the disputed Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands and its founding met with strong reaction from both Japan and the United States of America. In this context, the US has reaffirmed defense commitments toward regional allies while Japan continues to revise its constitution and strengthen its defense capabilities. The dispute on ECS ADIZ escalated the tensions within a regionally competitive environment characterized by the newly emerged assertiveness of China and Japan and by the US "pivot to Asia". The geographical extension of the ECS ADIZ's borders predominantly corresponds with Chinese military calculations. This paper shows that the establishment of the ECS ADIZ came about as a result of China's longstanding regional security concerns and was of a military nature. It did not enforce territorial claims. Establishing a military presence in an East China Sea previously dominated exclusively by Japan and the US shows China's new self-confidence in its own military capabilities. The controversy aroused by different views on the ECS ADIZ reflects the countries involved conflicting military strategies, as well as the potential that major powers in the region geared to deny or enforce access have.
description: Asien, Nr. 135 (2015): ASIEN (April)
Bioavailability of (Geno)toxic Contaminants in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon–Contaminated Soil Before and After Biological Treatment
Creators: name: Shea, Damian
name: Adrion, Alden C.
name: Hu, Jing
name: Aitken, Michael D.
name: Nakamura, Jun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Contaminated soil from a former manufactured-gas plant site was treated in a laboratory-scale bioreactor. Desorbability and biodegradability of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 4 oxygenated PAHs (oxy-PAHs) were investigated throughout a treatment cycle. Desorbability was determined using a mixed-function sorbent (Oasis® HLB) or a hydrophobic sorbent (Tenax®) in dialysis tubing suspended in the soil slurry. Toxicity and genotoxicity of the whole soil and the desorbable fractions were determined by DNA damage response analysis with the chicken DT40 B-lymphocyte isogenic cell line and its DNA repair-deficient mutant Rad54−/−. Biological treatment significantly removed both PAHs and oxy-PAHs, and their desorbability decreased throughout the bioreactor treatment cycle. Collectively, oxy-PAHs were more desorbable and biodegradable than the corresponding PAHs; for example, the oxy-PAH present at the highest concentration, 9,10-anthraquinone, was more desorbable and biodegradable than anthracene. For both PAHs and oxy-PAHs, the percentage removed in the bioreactor significantly exceeded the percentage desorbed from untreated soil, indicating that desorption did not control the extent of biodegradation. Consistent with previous results on the same soil, genotoxicity of the whole soil slightly increased after biological treatment. However, both toxicity and genotoxicity of the desorbable constituents in the soil decreased after treatment, suggesting that any genotoxic constituents that may have formed during treatment were primarily associated with less accessible domains in the soil.