cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Morphological Content of Ten EDisCS Clusters at 0.5 < z < 0.8
Creators: name: Desai, V.
name: Dalcanton, J. J.
name: Aragon-Salamanca, A.
name: Jablonka, P.
name: Poggianti, B.
name: Gogarten, S. M.
name: Simard, L.
name: Milvang-Jensen, B.
name: Rudnick, G.
name: Zaritsky, D.
name: Clowe, D.
name: Halliday, C.
name: Pello, R.
name: Saglia, R.
name: White, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of 10 of the 20 ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS) fields. Each ~40 square arcminute field was imaged in the F814W filter with the Advanced Camera for Surveys Wide Field Camera. Based on these data, we present visual morphological classifications for the ~920 sources per field that are brighter than I_auto=23 mag. We use these classifications to quantify the morphological content of 10 intermediate-redshift (0.5 < z < 0.8) galaxy clusters within the HST survey region. The EDisCS results, combined with previously published data from seven higher redshift clusters, show no statistically significant evidence for evolution in the mean fractions of elliptical, S0, and late-type (Sp+Irr) galaxies in clusters over the redshift range 0.5 < z < 1.2. In contrast, existing studies of lower redshift clusters have revealed a factor of ~2 increase in the typical S0 fraction between z=0.4 and z=0, accompanied by a commensurate decrease in the Sp+Irr fraction and no evolution in the elliptical fraction. The EDisCS clusters demonstrate that cluster morphological fractions plateau beyond z ~ 0.4. They also exhibit a mild correlation between morphological content and cluster velocity dispersion, highlighting the importance of careful sample selection in evaluating evolution. We discuss these findings in the context of a recently proposed scenario in which the fractions of passive (E,S0) and star-forming (Sp,Irr) galaxies are determined primarily by the growth history of clusters.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures; To be published in ApJ; minor changes made to table labels
When it’s gone it’s gone : assessing the effectiveness of heritage conservation support
Creators: name: Holman, Leah Lyn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis assesses the effectiveness of the financial and non-financial tools that British Columbia's heritage legislation provides to support investment in the conservation of privately owned heritage properties. Although British Columbia's Heritage Conservation Statutes Amendment Act represents a significant improvement on the previous heritage conservation legislation, conflicts exist between this accepted legal framework and the planning process implemented by local governments. The first stage of the thesis, based on a literature review, describes the historical origins of British Columbia's current heritage legislation. The thesis then describes the various financial and non-financial means by which the legislation supports investment in the conservation of privately owned heritage properties in British Columbia. The next stage outlines a framework for assessing the effectiveness of the heritage conservation support tools available in British Columbia. Using this information, the author conducted a survey with thirteen selected heritage planning professionals. Analyzing the results of the interviews provided a basis for assessing these tools All the interview respondents agreed that the Act has provided local governments with an innovative and powerful range of tools for heritage conservation. Therefore, the issue lies not with the availability of the appropriate tools, nor in any technical impediments to their use, but in the reasons why local governments are not using it to its fullest advantage. Informants reported several limiting factors: the lack of political will to support conservation; a need for technical education for planners; the low profile of heritage in the general public; and the reluctance of government, academic and professional organizations to assume responsibility for heritage conservation. The final stage of the thesis includes a series of specific recommendations that would alleviate some of the most significant barriers to the use of the support tools. This information is intended to enable the Province and its municipalities to provide more effective financial and non-financial support to encourage heritage conservation.
Comparisons of Different Fitting Methods for the Physical Parameters of A Star Cluster Sample of M33 with Spectroscopy and Photometry
Creators: name: Fan, Zhou
name: Chen, Bingqiu
name: Pang, Xiaoying
name: Ren, Juanjuan
name: Wang, Song
name: Wang, Jing
name: Tan, Kefeng
name: Song, Nan
name: Li, Chun
name: Zheng, Jie
name: Zhao, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star clusters are good tracers for formation and evolution of galaxies. We compared different fitting methods by using spectra (or by combining photometry) to determine the physical parameters. We choose a sample of 17 star clusters in M33, which previously lacked spectroscopic observations. The low-resolution spectra were taken with the Xinglong 2.16-m reflector of NAOC. The photometry used in the fitting includes $\rm u_{SC}$ and $\rm v_{SAGE}$ bands from the SAGE survey, as well as the published $UBVRI$ and $ugriz$ photometry. We firstly derived ages and metallicities with the {\sc ULySS} (Vazdekis et al. and {\sc pegase-hr}) SSP model and the Bruzual \& Charlot (2003) (BC03) stellar population synthesis models for the full-spectrum fitting. The fitting results of both the BC03 and {\sc ULySS} models seem consistent with those of previous works as well. Then we add the SAGE $\rm u_{SC}$ and $\rm v_{SAGE}$ photometry in the spectroscopic fitting with the BC03 models. It seems the results become much better, especially for the Padova 2000+Chabrier IMF set. Finally we add more photometry data, $UBVRI$ and $ugriz$, in the fitting and we found that the results do not improve significantly. Therefore, we conclude that the photometry is useful for improving the fitting results, especially for the blue bands ($λ<4000$ Å), e.g., $\rm u_{SC}$ and $\rm v_{SAGE}$ band. At last, we discuss the "UV-excess" for the star clusters and we find five star clusters have UV-excess, based on the $GALEX$ FUV, NUV photometry.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJS
Kruskal--Katona type theorems for clique complexes arising from chordal and strongly chordal graphs
Creators: name: Herzog, Juergen
name: Hibi, Takayuki
name: Murai, Satoshi
name: Trung, Ngo Viet
name: Zheng, Xinxian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05D05; 05C69

description: A forest is the clique complex of a strongly chordal graph and a quasi-forest is the clique complex of a chordal graph. Kruskal--Katona type theorems for forests, quasi-forests, pure forests and pure quasi-forests will be presented. In addition, it will be shown that a quasi-forest is shellable if and only if its $h$-vector $(h_0, h_1, h_2, ...)$ satisfies $h_i = 0$ for $i > 1$.
description: 7pages, simplify the characterization of face vectors, remove appendix, add references
On the Benefits of Inoculation, an Example in Train Scheduling
Creators: name: Semet, Yann
name: Schoenauer, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The local reconstruction of a railway schedule following a small perturbation of the traffic, seeking minimization of the total accumulated delay, is a very difficult and tightly constrained combinatorial problem. Notoriously enough, the railway company's public image degrades proportionally to the amount of daily delays, and the same goes for its profit! This paper describes an inoculation procedure which greatly enhances an evolutionary algorithm for train re-scheduling. The procedure consists in building the initial population around a pre-computed solution based on problem-related information available beforehand. The optimization is performed by adapting times of departure and arrival, as well as allocation of tracks, for each train at each station. This is achieved by a permutation-based evolutionary algorithm that relies on a semi-greedy heuristic scheduler to gradually reconstruct the schedule by inserting trains one after another. Experimental results are presented on various instances of a large real-world case involving around 500 trains and more than 1 million constraints. In terms of competition with commercial math ematical programming tool ILOG CPLEX, it appears that within a large class of instances, excluding trivial instances as well as too difficult ones, and with very few exceptions, a clever initialization turns an encouraging failure into a clear-cut success auguring of substantial financial savings.
Defect segregation and its effect on the photoelectrochemical properties of Ti-doped hematite photoanodes for solar water splitting
Creators: name: Scherrer, Barbara
name: Li, Tong
name: Tsyganok, Anton
name: Döbeli, Max
name: Gupta, Bhavana
name: Malviya, Kirtiman Deo
name: Kasian, Olga
name: Maman, Nitzan
name: Gault, Baptiste
name: Grave, Daniel A.
name: Mehlman, Alexander
name: Visoly-Fisher, Iris
name: Raabe, Dierk
name: Rothschild, Avner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optimising the photoelectrochemical performance of hematite photoanodes for solar water splitting requires better understanding of the relationships between dopant distribution, structural defects and photoelectrochemical properties. Here, we use complementary characterisation techniques including electron microscopy, conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), atom probe tomography (APT) and intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) to study this correlation in Ti-doped (1 cat.%) hematite films deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on F:SnO2 (FTO) coated glass substrates. The deposition was carried out at 300 °C, followed by annealing at 500 deg C for 2 h. Upon annealing, Ti was observed by APT to segregate to the hematite/FTO interface and into some hematite grains. Since no other pronounced changes in microstructure and chemical composition were observed by electron microscopy and RBS after annealing, the non-uniform Ti redistribution seems to be the reason for a reduced interfacial recombination in the annealed films, as observed by IMPS. This results in a lower onset potential, higher photocurrent and larger fill factor with respect to the as-deposited state. This work provides atomic-scale insights into the microscopic inhomogeneity in Ti-doped hematite thin films and the role of defect segregation in their electrical and photoelectrochemical properties.
Shadows of Cube Vertices
Creators: name: Lonke, Yossi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A20

description: Suppose that a finite-dimensional cube is orthogonally projected onto a central section of itself by a subspace of one dimension less. Up to dimension $9$, at least one vertex is projected onto the section, but for dimension $10$ or larger, there are orthogonal projections for which all the vertices are projected outside the section. In fact, this is the case for "most" orthogonal projections, as the dimension tends to infinity.
description: This is an Original Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in The American Mathematical Monthly on July 9th, 2019
Untargeted, Targeted and Universal Adversarial Attacks and Defenses on Time Series
Creators: name: Rathore, Pradeep
name: Basak, Arghya
name: Nistala, Sri Harsha
name: Runkana, Venkataramana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning based models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. These attacks can be much more harmful in case of targeted attacks, where an attacker tries not only to fool the deep learning model, but also to misguide the model to predict a specific class. Such targeted and untargeted attacks are specifically tailored for an individual sample and require addition of an imperceptible noise to the sample. In contrast, universal adversarial attack calculates a special imperceptible noise which can be added to any sample of the given dataset so that, the deep learning model is forced to predict a wrong class. To the best of our knowledge these targeted and universal attacks on time series data have not been studied in any of the previous works. In this work, we have performed untargeted, targeted and universal adversarial attacks on UCR time series datasets. Our results show that deep learning based time series classification models are vulnerable to these attacks. We also show that universal adversarial attacks have good generalization property as it need only a fraction of the training data. We have also performed adversarial training based adversarial defense. Our results show that models trained adversarially using Fast gradient sign method (FGSM), a single step attack, are able to defend against FGSM as well as Basic iterative method (BIM), a popular iterative attack.
description: Published at IJCNN 2020
Improving Indonesian Text Classification Using Multilingual Language Model
Creators: name: Putra, Ilham Firdausi
name: Purwarianti, Ayu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: Compared to English, the amount of labeled data for Indonesian text classification tasks is very small. Recently developed multilingual language models have shown its ability to create multilingual representations effectively. This paper investigates the effect of combining English and Indonesian data on building Indonesian text classification (e.g., sentiment analysis and hate speech) using multilingual language models. Using the feature-based approach, we observe its performance on various data sizes and total added English data. The experiment showed that the addition of English data, especially if the amount of Indonesian data is small, improves performance. Using the fine-tuning approach, we further showed its effectiveness in utilizing the English language to build Indonesian text classification models.
title: Examining the Impacts of UNLV's Tobacco-Free Policy Pre and Post Implementation
Creators: name: Washburn, Kacie
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/0406gha72
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Despite the known harmful effects of smoking and secondhand smoke, tobacco-related disease, disability, and death continue to plague the United Stated and contribute to more than 480,000 individuals dying prematurely every year. Comprehensive smoke-free and tobacco free policies strive to prohibit the use of both traditional forms of tobacco (cigarettes, cigars) and smokeless forms of tobacco (vapes). The goal of this project was to examine the impact a tobacco control policy has on prevalence rates of use and knowledge regarding said policy among faculty, staff, and students. In the Fall of 2022, UNLV adopted a comprehensive tobaccofree and smoke-free policy (TFCP). Cross-sectional surveys were distributed to the UNLV community (students, faculty, and staff) in Spring 2022 (pre-implementation) and Fall 2022 (post-implementation) to gauge support for TFCP and examine rates of tobacco and nicotine product use on campus. Prevalence rates were higher for tobacco products at postimplementation among students, faculty, and staff at 28%, and 25% to 37% compared to pre- implementation rates of 10%, 7%, and 12%, respectively. Additionally, higher prevalence rates were observed in nicotine product use with students at post-implementation from 17% to 37%, faculty from 6% to 20% and staff from 7% to 36%. Support for policy was higher preimplementation among students (m = 3.8, SD = 1.1; m = 3.4, SD = 1.3), faculty (m = 3.8, SD = 1.2; m = 3.4, SD = 1.3), and staff (m = 3.5, SD = 1.3; m =3.3, SD 1.3). Policy perceptions and tobacco/nicotine product use varied by sociodemographic characteristics of students, faculty, and staff. Despite observing higher prevalence rates post-implementation this study has contributed to understanding gaps in the literature such as how these policies affect different subgroups of college subpopulations (e.g., 1st generation students and sexual and gender minorities). Identifying predictors for support of college campus TFCP can help to inform future research on impacts of policy implementation.
Constructing Hyperbolic Metamaterials with Arbitrary Medium
Creators: name: Yin, Li-Zheng
name: Han, Feng-Yuan
name: Zhao, Jin
name: Wang, Di
name: Huang, Tie-Jun
name: Liu, Pu-Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in hyperbolic metamaterials have spurred many breakthroughs in the field of manipulating light propagation. However, the unusual electromagnetic properties also put extremely high demands on its compositional materials. Limited by the finite relative permittivity of the natural materials, the effective permittivity of the constructed hyperbolic metamaterials is also confined to a narrow range. Here, based on the proposed concept of structure-induced spoof surface plasmon, we prove that arbitrary materials can be selected to construct the hyperbolic metamaterials with independent relative effective permittivity components. Besides, the theoretical achievable ranges of the relative effective permittivity components are unlimited. As proofs of the method, three novel hyperbolic metamaterials are designed with their functionalities validated numerically and experimentally by specified directional propagation. To further illustrate the superiority of the method, an all-metal low-loss hyperbolic metamaterial filled with air is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed methodology effectively reduces the design requirement for hyperbolic metamaterials and provides new ideas for the scenarios where large permittivity coverage is needed such as microwave and terahertz focus, super-resolution imaging, electromagnetic cloaking, and so on.
Parlata naturale: Memorie dall'infanzia; Dimostrazione di orecchiette
Creators: name: Caputo, Nunzia
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: Barese language

description: Nunzia Caputo parla della sua infanzia (230716-001-bar-nca-arr-freespeech-barese) e mostra come si fa le orecchiette a mano (230716-002-bar-nca-arr-freespeech-barese).

Nunzia Caputo talks about her childhood (230716-001-bar-nca-arr-freespeech-barese) and demonstrates how to make orecchiette pasta by hand (230716-002-bar-nca-arr-freespeech-barese).
title: Online Learning for Acid-Fast Bacilli Detection in Histopathological Images
Creators: name: Wang, Shizhao
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/0406gha72
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The acid-fast stain is frequently used for laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis. It is a labor intensive task requiring thorough examination of extremely high-resolution images to pinpoint the presence of the mycobacteria. This paper presents a machine learning assisted slide image analysis tool with the aim of aiding histopathology professionals in the accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients through the analysis of microscopic imagery. The proposed tool combines a digital whole slide image viewer with an online learning framework. We also conducted a survey of different state-of-the-art online learning methods, and found that MIR with pre-training has the best performance on the CIFAR-10 dataset.
Parlata naturale: Isabella si presenta
Creators: name: Milzi, Isabella
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Barese language
subject: ita

description: Isabella Milzi si presenta e parla della sua vita, in barese e in italiano. Si sente anche sua figlia, Annalisa, in sottofondo.

Isabella Milzi introduces herself and talks about her life, in Barese and Italian. Her daughter, Annalisa, chimes in as well in the background.
Designing a Serious Game: Teaching Developers to Embed Privacy into Software Systems
Creators: name: Arachchilage, Nalin Asanka Gamagedara
name: Hameed, Mumtaz Abdul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software applications continue to challenge user privacy when users interact with them. Privacy practices (e.g. Data Minimisation (DM), Privacy by Design (PbD) or General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)) and related "privacy engineering" methodologies exist and provide clear instructions for developers to implement privacy into software systems they develop that preserve user privacy. However, those practices and methodologies are not yet a common practice in the software development community. There has been no previous research focused on developing "educational" interventions such as serious games to enhance software developers' coding behaviour. Therefore, this research proposes a game design framework as an educational tool for software developers to improve (secure) coding behaviour, so they can develop privacy-preserving software applications that people can use. The elements of the proposed framework were incorporated into a gaming application scenario that enhances the software developers' coding behaviour through their motivation. The proposed work not only enables the development of privacy-preserving software systems but also helping the software development community to put privacy guidelines and engineering methodologies into practice.
description: 6
Hierarchical Attention Learning of Scene Flow in 3D Point Clouds
Creators: name: Wang, Guangming
name: Wu, Xinrui
name: Liu, Zhe
name: Wang, Hesheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scene flow represents the 3D motion of every point in the dynamic environments. Like the optical flow that represents the motion of pixels in 2D images, 3D motion representation of scene flow benefits many applications, such as autonomous driving and service robot. This paper studies the problem of scene flow estimation from two consecutive 3D point clouds. In this paper, a novel hierarchical neural network with double attention is proposed for learning the correlation of point features in adjacent frames and refining scene flow from coarse to fine layer by layer. The proposed network has a new more-for-less hierarchical architecture. The more-for-less means that the number of input points is greater than the number of output points for scene flow estimation, which brings more input information and balances the precision and resource consumption. In this hierarchical architecture, scene flow of different levels is generated and supervised respectively. A novel attentive embedding module is introduced to aggregate the features of adjacent points using a double attention method in a patch-to-patch manner. The proper layers for flow embedding and flow supervision are carefully considered in our network designment. Experiments show that the proposed network outperforms the state-of-the-art performance of 3D scene flow estimation on the FlyingThings3D and KITTI Scene Flow 2015 datasets. We also apply the proposed network to realistic LiDAR odometry task, which is an key problem in autonomous driving. The experiment results demonstrate that our proposed network can outperform the ICP-based method and shows the good practical application ability.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, under review
The dynamics of hummingbird flight
Creators: name: Chatters, Larissa Mae
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Using rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus Gmelin) as test subjects, this paper addresses issues surrounding the energetic cost of acceleration. Hummingbirds have been the subjects of extensive aerodynamic and energetic studies, but current aerodynamic theory ignores acceleration as an energy expenditure during flight. Using four experiments, this thesis explores acceleration as an important part of the daily energy expenditures of rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus). In experiment 1,1 estimate velocity and acceleration continuously in hummingbirds. This experiment indicates that for short flights (< 3.5 m), hummingbirds accelerate for 100% of the flying time. For longer flights, a section of constant maximum velocity is inserted between two "acceleration envelopes" (one positive; one negative). These envelopes are independent of the length of the flight. Since most of hummingbirds' daily flights are less than 2 metres long (patch to patch and between flowers in patches), this suggests that most of the foraging time of hummingbirds is spent accelerating. This experiment shows that hummingbirds actively accelerate and may passively decelerate. Experiment 2 is a preliminary theoretical exploration of the possible energetic costs of acceleration. Using current aerodynamic theory, a thought experiment was performed to assess this cost. Current aerodynamic theory predicts a high cost for accelerating flights. However, due to its steady-state assumptions and small range of applicable velocities around Vmp, aerodynamic theory probably underestimates the cost of acceleration. In experiment 3,1 estimate the power required for acceleration by measuring the acceleration of hummingbirds in relation to the inclination of flight. This experiment indicates that hummingbird flight is energy limited and acceleration may cost as much as 3 times that of steady-state flight. It also shows that the power required for acceleration is close to the maximum sustainable power output estimated in other stud In experiment 4,1 estimate the power required for acceleration by measuring total power input and mass changes and by estimating energy expenditures from a complete time budget. Since the costs of all other component activities have been measured previously, the only term unknown is the cost of acceleration. This experiment supports the conclusion that acceleration is an expensive activity approximating the cost of maximum sustainable power output.
Asteroseismic Theory of Rapidly Oscillating Ap Stars
Creators: name: Cunha, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reviews some of the important advances made over the last decade concerning theory of roAp stars.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
On Pleijel's nodal domain theorem for quantum graphs
Creators: name: Hofmann, Matthias
name: Kennedy, James B.
name: Mugnolo, Delio
name: Plümer, Marvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish metric graph counterparts of Pleijel's theorem on the asymptotics of the number of nodal domains $ν_n$ of the $n$-th eigenfunction(s) of a broad class of operators on compact metric graphs, including Schrödinger operators with $L^1$-potentials and a variety of vertex conditions as well as the $p$-Laplacian with natural vertex conditions, and without any assumptions on the lengths of the edges, the topology of the graph, or the behaviour of the eigenfunctions at the vertices. {Among other things, these results characterise the accumulation points of the sequence $(\frac{ν_n}{n})_{n\in\mathbb N}$, which are shown always to form a finite subset of $(0,1]$. This} extends the previously known result that $ν_n\sim n$ \textit{generically}, for certain realisations of the Laplacian, in several directions. In particular, in the special cases of the Laplacian with natural conditions, we show that for graphs with rationally dependent edge lengths, one can find eigenfunctions thereon for which ${ν_n}\not\sim {n}$; but in this case even the set of points of accumulation may depend on the choice of eigenbasis.
Massive scalar field quasinormal modes of a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence
Creators: name: Ma, Chunrui
name: Gui, Yuanxing
name: Wang, Wei
name: Wang, Fujun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the quasinormal frequencies of the massive scalar field in the background of a Schwarzchild black hole surrounded by quintessence with the third-order WKB method. The mass of the scalar field $u$ plays an important role in studying the quasinormal frequencies, the real part of the frequencies increases linearly as mass $u$ increases, while the imaginary part in absolute value decreases linearly which leads to damping more slowly and the frequencies having a limited value. Moreover, owing to the presence of the quintessence, the massive scalar field damps more slowly.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Finite size scaling for homogeneous pinning models
Creators: name: Sohier, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 82B41

description: Pinning models are built from discrete renewal sequences by rewarding (or penalizing) the trajectories according to their number of renewal epochs up to time $N$, and $N$ is then sent to infinity. They are statistical mechanics models to which a lot of attention has been paid both because they are very relevant for applications and because of their {\sl exactly solvable character}, while displaying a non-trivial phase transition (in fact, a localization transition). The order of the transition depends on the tail of the inter-arrival law of the underlying renewal and the transition is continuous when such a tail is sufficiently heavy: this is the case on which we will focus. The main purpose of this work is to give a mathematical treatment of the {\sl finite size scaling limit} of pinning models, namely studying the limit (in law) of the process close to criticality when the system size is proportional to the correlation length.
Destruction of long-range magnetic order in an external magnetic field and the associated spin dynamics in Cu2GaBO5 and Cu2AlBO5 ludwigites
Creators: name: Kulbakov, A. A.
name: Sarkar, R.
name: Janson, O.
name: Dengre, S.
name: Weinhold, T.
name: Moshkina, E. M.
name: Portnichenko, P. Y.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Yokaichiya, F.
name: Sukhanov, A. S.
name: Eremina, R. M.
name: Schlender, Ph.
name: Schneidewind, A.
name: Klauss, H. -H.
name: Inosov, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum spin systems Cu$_2$M'BO$_5$ (M' = Al, Ga) with the ludwigite crystal structure consist of a structurally ordered Cu$^{2+}$ sublattice in the form of three-leg ladders, interpenetrated by a structurally disordered sublattice with a statistically random site occupation by magnetic Cu$^{2+}$ and nonmagnetic Ga$^{3+}$ or Al$^{3+}$ ions. A microscopic analysis based on density-functional-theory calculations for Cu$_2$GaBO$_5$ reveals a frustrated quasi-two-dimensional spin model featuring five inequivalent antiferromagnetic exchanges. A broad low-temperature $^{11}$B nuclear magnetic resonance points to a considerable spin disorder in the system. In zero magnetic field, antiferromagnetic order sets in below $T_\text{N}$ $\approx$ 4.1 K and ~2.4 K for the Ga and Al compounds, respectively. From neutron diffraction, we find that the magnetic propagation vector in Cu$_2$GaBO$_5$ is commensurate and lies on the Brillouin-zone boundary in the (H0L) plane, $\mathbf{q}_\text{m}$ = (0.45 0 -0.7), corresponding to a complex noncollinear long-range ordered structure with a large magnetic unit cell. Muon spin relaxation is monotonic, consisting of a fast static component typical for complex noncollinear spin systems and a slow dynamic component originating from the relaxation on low-energy spin fluctuations. Gapless spin dynamics in the form of a diffuse quasielastic peak is also evidenced by inelastic neutron scattering. Most remarkably, application of a magnetic field above 1 T destroys the static long-range order, which is manifested in the gradual broadening of the magnetic Bragg peaks. We argue that such a crossover from a magnetically long-range ordered state to a spin-glass regime may result from orphan spins on the structurally disordered magnetic sublattice, which are polarized in magnetic field and thus act as a tuning knob for field-controlled magnetic disorder.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures
title: Simulation and Design of Ion Traps using the Method of Fundamental Solutions
Creators: name: Taylor, Trevor
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/0406gha72
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: In this thesis I apply the numeric method, the Method of Fundamental Solutions (MFS), to solve for the fields create by ion traps in various configurations, such as quadrupole ion traps, linear ion traps, toroidal ion traps, and toroidal surface ion traps. The traps are then designed to maximize desired qualities such as minimization of their anharmonicity, and their ability to shuttle ions. A particular focus will be on the toroidal surface ion trap, as well as its ability to shuttle ions. This trap is planned for future experiments involving measurement of the electron Electric Dipole Moment.
Microstructure, magneto-transport and magnetic properties of Gd-doped magnetron-sputtered amorphous carbon
Creators: name: Zeng, L.
name: Helgren, E.
name: Hellman, F.
name: Islam, R.
name: Smith, D. J.
name: Ager, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic rare earth element gadolinium (Gd) was doped into thin films of amorphous carbon (hydrogenated \textit{a}-C:H, or hydrogen-free \textit{a}-C) using magnetron co-sputtering. The Gd acted as a magnetic as well as an electrical dopant, resulting in an enormous negative magnetoresistance below a temperature ($T'$). Hydrogen was introduced to control the amorphous carbon bonding structure. High-resolution electron microscopy, ion-beam analysis and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the influence of Gd doping on the \textit{a-}Gd$_x$C$_{1-x}$(:H$_y$) film morphology, composition, density and bonding. The films were largely amorphous and homogeneous up to $x$=22.0 at.%. As the Gd doping increased, the $sp^{2}$-bonded carbon atoms evolved from carbon chains to 6-member graphitic rings. Incorporation of H opened up the graphitic rings and stabilized a $sp^{2}$-rich carbon-chain random network. The transport properties not only depended on Gd doping, but were also very sensitive to the $sp^{2}$ ordering. Magnetic properties, such as the spin-glass freezing temperature and susceptibility, scaled with the Gd concentration.
description: 9 figures
Surface Magnetism Effects in Time-Distance Helioseismology
Creators: name: Zhao, Junwei
name: Kosovichev, Alexander G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations of helioseismic holography revealed that magnetic fields inclined to the line-of-sight direction could cause systematic variations in measured acoustic phase shifts, and that the surface magnetic field may shift the phases and impair the coherence of acoustic waves (known as "showerglass effect"). We examine how these affect time-distance helioseismology measurements. It is confirmed that the inclined magnetic field could cause variations in acoustic travel times inside sunspot penumbra, however, inversions of the measured times show that this effect only slightly shifts the location of negative sound-speed variations near the solar surface, but does not change the inverted deeper interior structures. Regarding to the showerglass effect, we find that outgoing and incoming travel time perturbations through sunspots are significantly smaller than those reported from helioseismic holography. In addition, our second-skip cross-correlation experiments demonstrate that inside sunspots, the half of the double-skip travel times are very similar to the mean single-skip travel times. We conclude that these surface magnetism effects do not cause considerable systematic errors in time-distance helioseismology of active regions.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, Astrophys.J., in press
Physical properties of the Schur complement of local covariance matrices
Creators: name: Haruna, Luis F.
name: de Oliveira, Marcos C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General properties of global covariance matrices representing bipartite Gaussian states can be decomposed into properties of local covariance matrices and their Schur complements. We demonstrate that given a bipartite Gaussian state $ρ_{12}$ described by a $4\times 4$ covariance matrix \textbf{V}, the Schur complement of a local covariance submatrix $\textbf{V}_1$ of it can be interpreted as a new covariance matrix representing a Gaussian operator of party 1 conditioned to local parity measurements on party 2. The connection with a partial parity measurement over a bipartite quantum state and the determination of the reduced Wigner function is given and an operational process of parity measurement is developed. Generalization of this procedure to a $n$-partite Gaussian state is given and it is demonstrated that the $n-1$ system state conditioned to a partial parity projection is given by a covariance matrix such as its $2 \times 2$ block elements are Schur complements of special local matrices.
description: 10 pages. Replaced with final published version
Embodying Science: Latinx Children’s Knowledge and Identity Construction While Studying Water
Creators: name: Kotler, Rebecca T
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The body is often ignored, in elementary science education, as a site of knowledge, meaning, and feeling. This study explored how embodied performances, defined as drama- and movement-based representations of science ideas, spontaneous or rehearsed, shaped construction and communication of science knowledge and identities among Latinx fifth graders in an urban school. The perspective central in this study is informed by embodied cognition, social semiotics, multimodality, aesthetic learning, and drama pedagogy, coupled with embracing sociocultural approaches to meaning making, identity theory, and justice-centered science education. In this instrumental case study, within the context of a year-long water curriculum that addressed issues of sustainability, contamination, and justice, embodied performances and other multimodal artifacts were analyzed in order to shed light on children’s construction of science knowledge, including sociopolitical understandings, and science identities. Multimodal discourse analysis and movement analysis (focusing on Body, Effort, Shape, Space) of videotaped classroom lessons and conversations with students led to four findings. Children transduced meanings across modes and translated meanings within modes, extending each other’s thinking and building ideas in collective ways. The dialogic reflections that occurred during and after planned performances provided critical spaces and places where children constructed science knowledge and identities. Multiple embodied performances of the same science concept offered a heightened level of engagement as many interpretations and comparisons became possible. Finally, perspective-taking engaged children in not only considering science ideas about lead contamination of drinking water but also developing critical consciousness of policies that impact health, and agentic identities that embrace caring, advocacy, and peoples’ rights to healthy lives. These findings suggest that interrogating how embodying science extends opportunities to construct science knowledge and agentic identities is a productive area of exploration. Furthermore, the findings compel researchers and practitioners at the crossroads of science, performing arts, and justice-centered pedagogies to develop curricula and pedagogical practices that nurture and probe more deeply the various affordances that embodied performances offer for strengthening science learning.
The Super-Kamiokande Experiment
Creators: name: Walter, C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Super-Kamiokande is a 50 kiloton water Cherenkov detector located at the Kamioka Observatory of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo. It was designed to study neutrino oscillations and carry out searches for the decay of the nucleon. The Super-Kamiokande experiment began in 1996 and in the ensuing decade of running has produced extremely important results in the fields of atmospheric and solar neutrino oscillations, along with setting stringent limits on the decay of the nucleon and the existence of dark matter and astrophysical sources of neutrinos. Perhaps most crucially, Super-Kamiokande for the first time definitively showed that neutrinos have mass and undergo flavor oscillations. This chapter will summarize the published scientific output of the experiment with a particular emphasis on the atmospheric neutrino results.
description: Prepared for inclusion in "Neutrino Oscillations: Present Status and Future Plans", J. Thomas and P. Vahle editors, World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008. This version is 12 pages in REVTeX4 two-column format
title: Adverse Childhood Experiences: Why Trafficking Victims End Up Running Away, Getting in Trouble, and Being Homeless
Creators: name: Tadeo, Makaylen
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/0406gha72
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Sex trafficking of youth is something that requires people to think deeper as to how they ended up trading sex in the first place. Literature has shown that within adverse childhood experiences, abuse plays a significant factor. There are many types of abuse and a variety of harmful effects it can have on a child that is not only limited to physical and mental health but also to how they grow up and live in the world. Using the life course theory, this current study wanted to apply the concepts to explain how specific adverse childhood experiences in the form of abuse generally, but also specifically with emotional abuse, can have detrimental effects on a child and continue to harm them in adulthood. The current study used secondary data collected from a sample of people who have been sex trafficked to observe how their life experiences of abuse (generally), emotional abuse, and other adverse childhood experiences, along with potential racial/ethnic influences, have a possible relationship as predictors of negative outcomes by running away, homelessness, and juvenile justice engagement that includes being arrested, held in juvenile detention, and adjudicated as a delinquent. Findings confirmed that emotional abuse was significant in increasing the likelihood of those negative life outcomes. Additional findings, limitations, and implications are discussed.
Effects of lengthscales and attractions on the collapse of hydrophobic polymers in water
Creators: name: Athawale, Manoj V.
name: Goel, Gaurav
name: Ghosh, Tuhin
name: Truskett, Thomas M.
name: Garde, Shekhar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from extensive molecular dynamics simulations of collapse transitions of hydrophobic polymers in explicit water focused on understanding effects of lengthscale of the hydrophobic surface and of attractive interactions on folding. Hydrophobic polymers display parabolic, protein-like, temperature-dependent free energy of unfolding. Folded states of small attractive polymers are marginally stable at 300 K, and can be unfolded by heating or cooling. Increasing the lengthscale or decreasing the polymer-water attractions stabilizes folded states significantly, the former dominated by the hydration contribution. That hydration contribution can be described by the surface tension model, $ΔG=γ(T)ΔA$, where the surface tension, $γ$, is lengthscale dependent and decreases monotonically with temperature. The resulting variation of the hydration entropy with polymer lengthscale is consistent with theoretical predictions of Huang and Chandler (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,97, 8324-8327, 2000) that explain the blurring of entropy convergence observed in protein folding thermodynamics. Analysis of water structure shows that the polymer-water hydrophobic interface is soft and weakly dewetted, and is characterized by enhanced interfacial density fluctuations. Formation of this interface, which induces polymer folding, is strongly opposed by enthalpy and favored by entropy, similar to the vapor-liquid interface.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
title: Massenbewegungen in Zentralasien : Lawinen aus Boden und Gestein
Creators: name: Pilz, Marco
name: Roessner, Sigrid
name: Janssen, Christoph
name: Behling, Robert
name: Parolai, Stefano
name: Saponaro, Annamaria
name: Schäbitz, Maike
Publisher: name: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
Year: 2013

description: The threat to human society arising from earthquakes should never be underestimated, especially in those regions of the world more exposed to this natural hazard. The complex geodynamics of Central Asia make it a natural research laboratory for the geoscience community, but also present a source of serious concern for local populations and their administrations who have already dealt with the devastating consequence of earthquakes in the past. Evaluating expected seismic risk for the exposed communities is a great challenge that calls for a strong, unified effort by researchers and decision makers. The nature of this challenge requires holistic, multidisciplinary approaches and the development of innovative solutions and methodologies, especially in countries where few resources are available for disaster prevention and mitigation. Within several projects the GFZ Centre for Early Warning currently focuses on different components of risk in Central Asia. This article, therefore, provides a brief overview of these research activities, along with a description of an application in the framework of Early Warning and Rapid Response.
description: System Erde; 3
Unmixed bipartite graphs
Creators: name: Villarreal, Rafael H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75, 13H10

description: In this note we give a combinatorial characterization of all the unmixed bipartite graphs.
description: To appear in Rev. Colombiana Mat