cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Variational Mutual Information Maximization Framework for VAE Latent Codes with Continuous and Discrete Priors
Creators: name: Serdega, Andriy
name: Kim, Dae-Shik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning interpretable and disentangled representations of data is a key topic in machine learning research. Variational Autoencoder (VAE) is a scalable method for learning directed latent variable models of complex data. It employs a clear and interpretable objective that can be easily optimized. However, this objective does not provide an explicit measure for the quality of latent variable representations which may result in their poor quality. We propose Variational Mutual Information Maximization Framework for VAE to address this issue. In comparison to other methods, it provides an explicit objective that maximizes lower bound on mutual information between latent codes and observations. The objective acts as a regularizer that forces VAE to not ignore the latent variable and allows one to select particular components of it to be most informative with respect to the observations. On top of that, the proposed framework provides a way to evaluate mutual information between latent codes and observations for a fixed VAE model. We have conducted our experiments on VAE models with Gaussian and joint Gaussian and discrete latent variables. Our results illustrate that the proposed approach strengthens relationships between latent codes and observations and improves learned representations.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2005.13953
title: Informed Decision-Making in Land and Water Management in Central Asia: How Earth Observation Technologies may contribute
Creators: name: Unger-Shayesteh, Katy
name: Conrad, C.
name: Schöne, Tilo
name: Moldobekov, Bolot
Publisher: name: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
Year: 2015

description: Policy Briefs of the German Water Initiative for Central Asia; 1
K-band spectra of selected post-AGB candidates
Creators: name: Parthasarathy, M.
name: Muthumariappan, C.
name: Muneer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present medium resolution (1000) K-band spectra of 12 post-AGB candidates and related stars. For several objects in our sample, these spectra were obtained for the first time. The Br$γ$ line in emission is detected in seven objects indicating the onset of photo-ionization in these objects. Four objects show the presence of He i line. We detect H2 emission line in the spectra of IRAS 06556+1623, IRAS 22023+5249, IRAS 18062+2410 and IRAS 20462+3416. H2 emission line ratio 1-0 S(1)/2-1 S(1) indicate that H2 is radiatively excited due to the UV radiation of hot post-AGB central stars. When compared with the recent observations by other investigators, the Br$γ$ and H2 emission fluxes varied in some of the objects. The hot post-AGB stars IRAS 22495+5134, IRAS 22023+5249, IRAS 18062+2410 and IRAS 20462+3416 seem to be evolving rapidly to young low excitation planetary nebula phase. The spectra of the objects presented in this paper may be useful for future observers as some of these stars show spectral variation and since the post-AGB evolution of some of these stars is relatively rapid.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science
FAT TAXES AND THIN SUBSIDIES: PRICES, DIET, AND HEALTH OUTCOMES
Creators: name: Cash, Sean B.
name: Sunding, David L.
name: Zilberman, David
name: Cash, Sean B.
name: Sunding, David L.
name: Zilberman, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: "Fat taxes" have been proposed as a way of addressing food-related health concerns. In this paper, we investigate the possible effects of "thin subsidies," consumption subsidies for healthier foods. Empirical simulations, based on data from the Continuing Study of Food Intake by Individuals, are used to calculate the potential health benefits of subsidies on certain classes of fruits and vegetables. Estimates of the cost per statistical life saved through such subsidies compare favorably with existing U.S. government programs.
Incoherent multi-gap optical solitons in nonlinear photonic lattices
Creators: name: Motzek, Kristian
name: Sukhorukov, Andrey A.
name: Kaiser, Friedemann
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate numerically that partially incoherent light can be trapped in the spectral band gaps of a photonic lattice, creating partially incoherent multi-component spatial optical solitons in a self-defocusing nonlinear periodic medium. We find numerically such incoherent multi-gap optical solitons and discuss how to generate them in experiment by interfering incoherent light beams at the input of a nonlinear periodic medium.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Reconstructing air shower parameters with LOFAR using event specific GDAS atmospheres
Creators: name: Mitra, P.
name: Bonardi, A.
name: Corstanje, A.
name: Buitink, S.
name: Krampah, G. K
name: Falcke, H.
name: Hare, B. M.
name: Hörandel, J. R.
name: Huege, T.
name: Mulrey, K.
name: Nelles, A.
name: Pandya, H.
name: Rachen, J. P.
name: Rossetto, L.
name: Scholten, O.
name: ter Veen, S.
name: Trinh, T. N. G.
name: Winchen, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The limited knowledge of atmospheric parameters like humidity, pressure, temperature, and the index of refraction has been one of the important systematic uncertainties in reconstructing the depth of the shower maximum from the radio emission of air showers. Current air shower Monte Carlo simulation codes like CORSIKA and the radio plug-in CoREAS use various averaged parameterized atmospheres. However, time-dependent and location-specific atmospheric models are needed for the cosmic ray analysis method used for LOFAR data. There, dedicated simulation sets are used for each detected cosmic ray, to take into account the actual atmospheric conditions at the time of the measurement. Using the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS), a global atmospheric model, we have implemented time-dependent, realistic atmospheric profiles in CORSIKA and CoREAS. We have produced realistic event-specific atmospheres for all air showers measured with LOFAR, an event set spanning several years and many different weather conditions. A complete re-analysis of our data set shows that for the majority of data, our previous correction factor performed rather well; we found only a small systematic shift of 2 g/cm$^2$ in the reconstructed $X_{\rm max}$. However, under extreme weather conditions, for example, very low air pressure, the shift can be up to 15 g/cm$^2$. We provide a correction formula to determine the shift in $X_{\rm max}$ resulting from a comparison of simulations done using the US-Std atmosphere and the GDAS-based atmosphere.
description: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1911.02859
El truco del almendruco: planificación, comunicación y metodología activas
Creators: name: García-Holgado, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Ingeniería de Software; Metodología educativa; Tecnologías para el aprendizaje; Evaluación online; Docencia online; Transformación digital; COVID-19

description: Presentación de la experiencia de paso a online durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de la COVID-19 de la asignatura Ingeniería de Software I del Grado en Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad de la Universidad de Salamanca. Se realizó en las Conversación casUSAL: Experiencias docentes durante el confinamiento, celebradas el 1 y 2 de julio de 2020.
Image of Fomalhaut Dust Ring at 350 Microns: Relative Column Density Map Shows Pericenter-Apocenter Asymmetry
Creators: name: Marsh, K. A.
name: Velusamy, T.
name: Dowell, C. D.
name: Grogan, K.
name: Beichman, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have imaged the circumstellar disk of Fomalhaut at 350 microns wavelength, using SHARC II at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. The spatial resolution of the raw images (9 arcsec) has been enhanced by a factor of three using the HiRes deconvolution procedure. We find that at this wavelength and signal to noise ratio (~ 12), the observed morphology is that of a simple inclined ring (i ~ 70 deg), with little or no other apparent structure; this is the first observation that shows clearly the ring morphology of the disk. We have combined our 350 micron data with Spitzer Space Telescope images at 24, 70, and 160 microns in order to estimate the 2-dimensional spatial variation of relative column density ("tau map") using our DISKFIT procedure. The tau map is based on the following physical assumptions: (1) the wavelength variation of opacity is the same throughout the disk, (2) the radial variation of dust temperature is dictated by the energy balance of individual grains in the stellar radiation field, and (3) the vertical scale height of the disk follows a power-law radial variation. The results confirm the ring-like morphology, but also show that the geometric center is displaced from the star by about 8 AU and that the ring has an apocentric enhancement of approximately 14% in integrated column density. If we interpret the displacement in terms of elliptical orbital motion due to gravitational perturbation by an unseen planet, then the implied forced eccentricity is ~ 0.06; dynamical modeling then predicts an apocentric density enhancement consistent with that inferred from the tau map.
description: 13 pages, 3 Postscript figures. To be published in ApJ Letters (accepted 12/23/04)
Racah - Wigner quantum 6j Symbols, Ocneanu Cells for AN diagrams, and quantum groupoids
Creators: name: Coquereaux, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We relate quantum 6J symbols of various types (quantum versions of Wigner and Racah symbols) to Ocneanu cells associated with AN Dynkin diagrams. We check explicitly the algebraic structure of the associated quantum groupoids and analyze several examples (A3, A4). Some features relative to cells associated with more general ADE diagrams are also discussed.
description: 52 pages, 27 figures. Version 2: Contents of subsections 2.6.3 and 3.8.1 have been changed. Fig. 9 was replaced. Updated and added references. Typos corrected
REFORMS AND EFFICIENCY CHANGE IN TRANSITION AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Vranken, Liesbet
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Vranken, Liesbet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: Studies on efficiency changes in transition agriculture yield mixed results. This paper develops both a theoretical model of efficiency changes during transition and uses a unique set of representative farm survey data to assess efficiency changes during transition. We find that reforms have a positive impact on efficiency and that input and output market imperfections importantly affect efficiency growth
MEASURING COMMODITY PRICE VOLATILITY AND THE WELFARE CONSEQUENCES OF ELIMINATING VOLATILITY.
Creators: name: Moledina, Amyaz A.
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Shane, Mathew
name: Moledina, Amyaz A.
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Shane, Mathew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Commodity price volatility in international markets has been used to justify numerous policy interventions, including the need for buffer stocks and counter-cyclical payments. The common measure of volatility, the standard deviation or coefficient of variation, likely overstates the actual variation faced by economic agents. By making a distinction between its predictable and unpredictable components, volatility is found to be low, suggesting that significant welfare gains may be unattainable with policy interventions designed to stabilize prices. The use of the standard deviation implies price volatility as high as 30 per cent for certain grain markets. Removing the predictable components from this measure decreases volatility to between 0.1 per cent and 15.9%. We find little evidence to suggest that volatility is increasing over time for all commodities. The benefits of eliminating low levels of commodity price volatility are small, less than 1% of consumption for the majority of commodities studied.
The width of the rapidity distribution in heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Netrakanti, Pawan Kumar
name: Mohanty, Bedangadas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the widths of the rapidity distributions of particles produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions at various center of mass energies and as a function of centrality at SPS energies. We show that the width of the rapidity distribution is sensitive to longitudinal flow, velocity of sound in the medium, and rescattering of particles. We explore the possibility of distinguishing the initial hard scattering regime from final state effects by studying the variation in the width of the rapidity distribution of the particles with centrality for various pT values.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Physical Review C
title: Обоснованное принятие решений по управлению земельными и водными ресурсами в Центральной Азии: Как могут содействовать технологии наблюдения за поверхностью Земли
Creators: name: Unger-Shayesteh, Katy
name: Conrad, C.
name: Schöne, Tilo
name: Moldobekov, Bolot
Publisher: name: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
Year: 2015

description: Аналитические записки «Германcкой водной инициа-тивы для Центральной Азии»; 1
AN APPLICATION OF CHOICE MODELING TO MEASURE U.S. CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS
Creators: name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Govindasamy, Ramu
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Govindasamy, Ramu
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Food biotechnology promises to deliver a wide range of enhanced consumer benefits. This study models consumer's willingness to trade-off the potential risks of GM foods with the possibility of extracting significant benefits. It estimates the marginal effects and relationships between product characteristics and consumer attributes on acceptance of GM foods.
Radiative-transfer modeling of nebular-phase type II supernovae. Dependencies on progenitor and explosion properties
Creators: name: Dessart, Luc
name: Hillier, D. John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nebular phase spectra of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) provide critical and unique information on the progenitor massive star and its explosion. We present a set of 1-D steady-state non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer calculations of type II SNe at 300d after explosion. Guided by results for a large set of stellar evolution simulations, we craft ejecta models for type II SNe from the explosion of a 12, 15, 20, and 25Msun star. The ejecta density structure and kinetic energy, the 56Ni mass, and the level of chemical mixing are parametrized. Our model spectra are sensitive to the adopted line Doppler width, a phenomenon we associate with the overlap of FeII and OI lines with Lyalpha and Lybeta. Our spectra show a strong sensitivity to 56Ni mixing since it determines where decay power is absorbed. Even at 300d after explosion, the H-rich layers reprocess the radiation from the inner metal rich layers. In a given progenitor model, variations in 56Ni mass and distribution impact the ejecta ionization, which can modulate the strength of all lines. Such ionization shifts can quench CaII line emission. In our set of models, the OI6300 doublet strength is the most robust signature of progenitor mass. However, we emphasize that convective shell merging in the progenitor massive star interior can pollute the O-rich shell with Ca, which will weaken the OI6300 doublet flux in the resulting nebular SN II spectrum. This process may occur in Nature, with a greater occurrence in higher mass progenitors, and may explain in part the preponderance of progenitor masses below 17Msun inferred from nebular spectra.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Einige Anmerkungen zu dem Artikel von Hans H. Wolff "Christus am Werk in der Geschichte, im Licht der "Barmer Theologischen Erklärung" der Bekennenden Kirche von 1934"
Creators: name: Thomas, Madathilparampil M.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 15 Nr. 1 (1966): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 15, Heft 1
GENERATING PLAUSIBLE CROP DISTRIBUTION MAPS FOR SUB-SAHARA AFRICA USING SPATIAL ALLOCATION MODEL
Creators: name: You, Liangzhi
name: Wood, Stanley
name: Wood-Sichra, Ulrike
name: You, Liangzhi
name: Wood, Stanley
name: Wood-Sichra, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Sub-Sahara Africa
subject: cross entropy
subject: satellite image
subject: spatial allocation
subject: agricultural production
subject: crop suitability

description: Spatial data, which are data that include the coordinates (either by latitude/longitude or by other addressing methods) on the surface of the earth, are essential for agricultural development. As fundamental parameters for agriculture policy research agricultural production statistics by geopolitical units such as country or sub-national entities have been used in many econometric analyses. However, collecting sub-national data is quite difficult in particular for developing countries. Even with great effort and only on regional scales, enormous data gaps exist and are unlikely to be filled. On the other hand, the spatial scale of even the subnational unit is relatively large for detailed spatial analysis. To fill these spatial data gaps we proposed a spatial allocation model. Using a classic cross-entropy approach, our spatial allocation model makes plausible allocations of crop production in geopolitical units (country, or state) into individual pixels, through judicious interpretation of all accessible evidence such as production statistics, farming systems, satellite image, crop biophysical suitability, crop price, local market access and prior knowledge. The prior application of the model to Brazil shows that the spatial allocation has relative good or acceptable agreement with actual statistic data. The current paper attempts to generate crop distribution maps for Sub-Sahara Africa for the year 2000 using the spatial allocation model. We modified the original model in the following three aspects: (1) Handle partial subnational statistics; (2) Include the irrigation map as another layer of information in the model; (3) Add subsistence portion of crops in addition to the existing three input and management levels (irrigated, high-input rainfed and low-input rainfed). With the modified spatial allocation model we obtain 5 by 5 minutes resolution maps for the following 20 major crops in Sub-Sahara Africa: Barley, Beans, Cassava, Cocoa, Coffee, Cotton, Cow Peas, Groundnuts, Maize, Millet, Oil Palm, Plantain, Potato, Rice, Sorghum, Soybeans, Sugar Cane, Sweet Potato, Wheat, Yam. This approach demonstrates that remote sensing technology such as satellite imagery could be quite useful in improved understanding of the spatial variation of land cover, agricultural production, and natural resources.
The roles of E-cadherin and hepatocyte growth factor in human ovarian surface epithelial physiology and pathology
Creators: name: Wong, Alice Sze Tsai
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the Western world. This neoplasm arises de novo from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). The OSE is a simple mesothelium which, paradoxically, acquires complex epithelial characteristics in the course of neoplastic progression. The present study investigated the roles of cellular constituents that are known to contribute to epithelial differentiation: Ecadherin and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Two experimental culture models were used: (1) OSE from women without (NFH-OSE) and with (FH-OSE) familial histories of ovarian cancer; and (2) OSE at progressive stages of neoplastic transformation, created by sequentially introducing SV40 large T antigen and E-cadherin into normal OSE, which produced lines IOSE-29 and IOSE-29EC. IOSE-29EC was tumorigenic and from the tumor we generated line IOSE-29EC/T4. The data indicate that E-cadherin and HGF receptor Met expression was enhanced and stabilized in FH-OSE and neoplastic OSE, but not in NFHOSE. Importantly, coexpression of HGF and Met, resulting in constitutive activation of Met, was demonstrated in FH-OSE and ovarian cancer cell lines, suggesting an autocrine HGFMet activity in these cells. Such an increased autonomy in FH-OSE may enhance the susceptibility of these cells to neoplastic transformation. HGF stimulated growth in normal OSE, IOSE-29 and the ovarian cancer ceil line OVCAR-3, but inhibited the growth of IOSE- 29EC and IOSE-29EC/T4. HGF induced scattering and branching tubulogenesis in IOSE- 29EC and IOSE-29EC/T4 but not in IOSE-29 or OVCAR-3. These different responses to HGF could be related to different levels and kinetics of ERK activation. Increased expression of CK2 and PI3K effectors (Akt2, GSK3p and p70 S6K), downregulation of PKG and upregulation of MEK6 accompanied the neoplastic transformation of OSE. Akt2 and p70 S6K were constitutively phosphorylated in neoplastic OSE, and to a lesser degree in FH-OSE, but rarely in NFH-OSE. The inhibition of PI3K activity induced apoptosis in OVCAR-3 and metaphase arrest in IOSE-29EC, but had less effect on IOSE-29. These observations, in conjunction with the demonstrated capacity of E-cadherin and HGF to contribute to epithelial differentiation, support the hypothesis that these molecules play a role in the initiation of the aberrant differentiation which characterizes ovarian carcinogenesis.
NON-PARAMETRIC APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: TECHNICAL CHANGE AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN THE CANADIAN PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY, 1959-1994
Creators: name: Hailu, Atakelty
name: Veeman, Terrence S.
name: Hailu, Atakelty
name: Veeman, Terrence S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Production Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This study proposes non-parametric techniques for environmentally sensitive analysis of economic performance. The techniques are implemented using Canadian pulp and paper industry data covering the period from 1959 to 1994. The results indicate that productivity improvement has been more successful than conventional measures would suggest.
Physical singularity in the regular spacetime and fundamental length
Creators: name: Dzhunushaliev, Vladimir
name: Myrzakulov, Ratbay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that formally regular solutions in 5D Kaluza-Klein gravity have singularities. This phenomenon is connected with the existence of a minimal length in nature. The calculation of the derivative of the $G_{55}$ metric component leads to the appearance of the Dirac's $δ-$function. In this case the Ricci scalar becomes singular since there is a square of this derivative.
description: changes in the text
title: Межгосударственное сотрудничество, совместное планирование и управление трансграничными речными бассейнами – на примере бассейна реки Исфары
Creators: name: Dusik, Elizabeth
name: Nurmamedova, Mayya
Publisher: name: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
Year: 2015

description: Аналитические записки «Германской водной инициативы для Центральной Азии»; 2
Analysis of Compression Techniques for DNA Sequence Data
Creators: name: Bibi, Shakeela
name: Iqbal, Javed
name: Iftekhar, Adnan
name: Hassan, Mir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Biological data mainly comprises of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein sequences. These are the biomolecules which are present in all cells of human beings. Due to the self-replicating property of DNA, it is a key constitute of genetic material that exist in all breathingcreatures. This biomolecule (DNA) comprehends the genetic material obligatory for the operational and expansion of all personified lives. To save DNA data of single person we require 10CD-ROMs.Moreover, this size is increasing constantly, and more and more sequences are adding in the public databases. This abundant increase in the sequence data arise challenges in the precise information extraction from this data. Since many data analyzing and visualization tools do not support processing of this huge amount of data. To reduce the size of DNA and protein sequence, many scientists introduced various types of sequence compression algorithms such as compress or gzip, Context Tree Weighting (CTW), Lampel Ziv Welch (LZW), arithmetic coding, run-length encoding and substitution method etc. These techniques have sufficiently contributed to minimizing the volume of the biological datasets. On the other hand, traditional compression techniques are also not much suitable for the compression of these types of sequential data. In this paper, we have explored diverse types of techniques for compression of large amounts of DNA Sequence Data. In this paper, the analysis of techniques reveals that efficient techniques not only reduce the size of the sequence but also avoid any information loss. The review of existing studies also shows that compression of a DNA sequence is significant for understanding the critical characteristics of DNA data in addition to improving storage efficiency and data transmission. In addition, the compression of the protein sequence is a challenge for the research community. The major parameters for evaluation of these compression algorithms include compression ratio, running time complexity etc.
Conformal geometrodynamics: True degrees of freedom in a truly canonical structure
Creators: name: Wang, Charles H. -T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard geometrodynamics is transformed into a theory of conformal geometrodynamics by extending the ADM phase space for canonical general relativity to that consisting of York's mean exterior curvature time, conformal three-metric and their momenta. Accordingly, an additional constraint is introduced, called the conformal constraint. In terms of the new canonical variables, a diffeomorphism constraint is derived from the original momentum constraint. The Hamiltonian constraint then takes a new form. It turns out to be the sum of an expression that previously appeared in the literature and extra terms quadratic in the conformal constraint. The complete set of the conformal, diffeomorphism and Hamiltonian constraints are shown to be of first class through the explicit construction of their Poisson brackets. The extended algebra of constraints has as subalgebras the Dirac algebra for the deformations and Lie algebra for the conformorphism transformations of the spatial hypersurface. This is followed by a discussion of potential implications of the presented theory on the Dirac constraint quantization of general relativity. An argument is made to support the use of the York time in formulating the unitary functional evolution of quantum gravity. Finally, the prospect of future work is briefly outlined.
description: 8 pages, REVTeX, Final version with improved presentation to appear in PRD
Unsupervised Paraphrasing via Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Siddique, A. B.
name: Oymak, Samet
name: Hristidis, Vagelis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Paraphrasing is expressing the meaning of an input sentence in different wording while maintaining fluency (i.e., grammatical and syntactical correctness). Most existing work on paraphrasing use supervised models that are limited to specific domains (e.g., image captions). Such models can neither be straightforwardly transferred to other domains nor generalize well, and creating labeled training data for new domains is expensive and laborious. The need for paraphrasing across different domains and the scarcity of labeled training data in many such domains call for exploring unsupervised paraphrase generation methods. We propose Progressive Unsupervised Paraphrasing (PUP): a novel unsupervised paraphrase generation method based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). PUP uses a variational autoencoder (trained using a non-parallel corpus) to generate a seed paraphrase that warm-starts the DRL model. Then, PUP progressively tunes the seed paraphrase guided by our novel reward function which combines semantic adequacy, language fluency, and expression diversity measures to quantify the quality of the generated paraphrases in each iteration without needing parallel sentences. Our extensive experimental evaluation shows that PUP outperforms unsupervised state-of-the-art paraphrasing techniques in terms of both automatic metrics and user studies on four real datasets. We also show that PUP outperforms domain-adapted supervised algorithms on several datasets. Our evaluation also shows that PUP achieves a great trade-off between semantic similarity and diversity of expression.
Structural and magnetic properties of small symmetrical and asymmetrical sized fullerene dimers
Creators: name: Kaur, Sandeep
name: Sharma, Amrish
name: Sharma, Hitesh
name: Mudahar, Isha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetism in carbon nanostructures is of high scientific interest, which could lead to novel magnetic materials. The magnetic properties of symmetrical and asymmetrical sized small fullerene dimers have been investigated using spin polarized density functional theory. The interaction energies depict that small fullerene cages form stable dimer structures and symmetrical sized fullerene dimers are found more stable than asymmetrical sized dimers. The dimerization of fullerene cages in different modes leads to change in their magnetic properties. The non-magnetic fullerene cages become magnetic after formation of dimer (C20-C20, C24-C24, C32-C32, C40-C40, C20-C24, C40-C44 and C44-C50),whereas the magnetism of magnetic fullerenes is enhanced or lowered after dimerization (C28-C28 C36-C36, C24-C28, C28-C32, C32-C36 and C36-C40). The individual cages of dimer structures show ferromagnetic interactions amongst them and resultant magnetic moment strongly depends on the type of inter-connecting bonds. The magnetism may also be explained based on distortion of carbon cages and change in the density of states (DOS) in dimer configuration. The calculations presented show strong possibility of experimental synthesis of small fullerene based magnetic dimers.
COMPENSATING VARIATION WITHOUT APOLOGY? WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY AND THE FAILURE OF INTEGRABILITY
Creators: name: Just, Richard E.
name: Gilligan, Daniel O.
name: Just, Richard E.
name: Gilligan, Daniel O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis

description: Failure of integrability is shown to cause path-dependence of willingness-to-pay measures of welfare change. Using the linear expenditure system, effects of failure of integrability are negligible (substantial) for estimating income (price) elasticities. For single price changes, Hausman's approach to calculating willingness to pay from ordinary demands becomes subject to excessive errors of estimation. For multiple price changes, calculations of willingness to pay become path dependent. The empirical approach of Vartia to calculation of willingness to pay for multiple price changes thus involves an arbitrary choice of path. Furthermore, the Willig results justifying consumer surplus approximation fail.
Computational LEGO Technic Design
Creators: name: Xu, Hao
name: Hui, Ka-Hei
name: Fu, Chi-Wing
name: Zhang, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a method to automatically compute LEGO Technic models from user input sketches, optionally with motion annotations. The generated models resemble the input sketches with coherently-connected bricks and simple layouts, while respecting the intended symmetry and mechanical properties expressed in the inputs. This complex computational assembly problem involves an immense search space, and a much richer brick set and connection mechanisms than regular LEGO. To address it, we first comprehensively model the brick properties and connection mechanisms, then formulate the construction requirements into an objective function, accounting for faithfulness to input sketch, model simplicity, and structural integrity. Next, we model the problem as a sketch cover, where we iteratively refine a random initial layout to cover the input sketch, while guided by the objective. At last, we provide a working system to analyze the balance, stress, and assemblability of the generated model. To evaluate our method, we compared it with four baselines and professional designs by a LEGO expert, demonstrating the superiority of our automatic designs. Also, we recruited several users to try our system, employed it to create models of varying forms and complexities, and physically built most of them.
description: SIGGRAPH Asia 2019, Technical paper
RETIREMENT PLANNING BY FARMERS: OPPORTUNITIES IN THE TAXPAYER RELIEF ACT OF 1997
Creators: name: Monke, James D.
name: Monke, James D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Income taxes
subject: retirement planning
subject: capital gains
subject: IRAs

description: Relatively few farmers regularly use tax-favored retirement accounts to diversify long-term farm assets with nonfarm savings. The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 creates new investment opportunities for both IRAs and regular capital assets. Complex tradeoffs exist among new tax incentives, possible resulting in few overall gains in diversification.
|V_ub| and Constraints on the Leading-Twist Pion Distribution Amplitude from B->pi l nu
Creators: name: Ball, Patricia
name: Zwicky, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using new experimental data on the leptonic mass spectrum of B->pi l nu, we simultaneously determine |V_ub| and constrain a_2^pi and a_4^pi, the first two Gegenbauer moments of the pion's leading-twist distribution amplitude. We find |V_ub| = (3.2\pm 0.1\pm 0.1\pm 0.3) 10^-3, where the first error is experimental, the second comes from the shape of the form factor in q^2 and the third is a 8% uncertainty from the normalisation of the form factor. We also find a_2^pi(1 GeV)=0.19\pm 0.19 and a_4^pi(1 GeV)\geq -0.07.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Nucleic‌ ‌Acid‌ ‌Extraction‌ ‌and‌ ‌Multiplex‌ ‌Detection‌ ‌Methods‌
Creators: name: Omerović, Nejra
name: Jarić, Stefan
name: Živojević, Kristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: silicon-based nucleic acid extraction
silicon-based nucleic acid purification
multiplex detection
biosensor
on-chip LAMP

description: On July 22, 2020, Young Researchers from the BioSense Institute organized remarkable Online Journal Club (OJC5), which was related to the IPANEMA SOL4 topic: On-site plant pathogen detection methods. Through this presentation, our researchers had a chance to get acquainted with innovative technologies for on-chip LAMP for multiplex detection and silicon-based methods for extraction and purification of nucleic acids.
description: IPANEMA - 872662 - Integration of PAper-based Nucleic acid testing mEthods into Microfluidic devices for improved biosensing Applications
Blind Inverse Gamma Correction with Maximized Differential Entropy
Creators: name: Lee, Yong
name: Zhang, Shaohua
name: Li, Miao
name: He, Xiaoyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.1; I.4.3; I.4.9

description: Unwanted nonlinear gamma distortion frequently occurs in a great diversity of images during the procedures of image acquisition, processing, and/or display. And the gamma distortion often varies with capture setup change and luminance variation. Blind inverse gamma correction, which automatically determines a proper restoration gamma value from a given image, is of paramount importance to attenuate the distortion. For blind inverse gamma correction, an adaptive gamma transformation method (AGT-ME) is proposed directly from a maximized differential entropy model. And the corresponding optimization has a mathematical concise closed-form solution, resulting in efficient implementation and accurate gamma restoration of AGT-ME. Considering the human eye has a non-linear perception sensitivity, a modified version AGT-ME-VISUAL is also proposed to achieve better visual performance. Tested on variable datasets, AGT-ME could obtain an accurate estimation of a large range of gamma distortion (0.1 to 3.0), outperforming the state-of-the-art methods. Besides, the proposed AGT-ME and AGT-ME-VISUAL were applied to three typical applications, including automatic gamma adjustment, natural/medical image contrast enhancement, and fringe projection profilometry image restoration. Furthermore, the AGT-ME/ AGT-ME-VISUAL is general and can be seamlessly extended to the masked image, multi-channel (color or spectrum) image, or multi-frame video, and free of the arbitrary tuning parameter. Besides, the corresponding Python code (https://github.com/yongleex/AGT-ME) is also provided for interested users.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
NON-PARAMETRIC ENVIRONMENTAL ADJUSTED PRODUCTIVITY (EAP) MEASURES: NEBRASKA AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Creators: name: Shaik, Saleem
name: Perrin, Richard K.
name: Shaik, Saleem
name: Perrin, Richard K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Productivity Analysis

description: Traditional Total factor productivity [TFP] misrepresents the true change in agricultural productivity because environmental bads jointly produced with desirable outputs are unaccounted. Nonparametric measures incorporating environmental bads support the hypothesis that prior [after] to 1980's the traditional TFP overstate [understate] production growths, reflecting peak use of chemicals.
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AND ITS COMPONENTS IN CHINESE AGRICULTURE AFTER REFORMS
Creators: name: Wu, Shunxiang
name: Walker, David J.
name: Devadoss, Stephen
name: Wu, Shunxiang
name: Walker, David J.
name: Devadoss, Stephen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Productivity Analysis
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: We investigate the temporal and spacial nature of productivity growth and its components in Chinese agriculture from 1980-1995 using nonparametric Malmquist procedures. The results indicate that the high rate of technical progress and deterioring efficiency performance coexisted in Chinese agriculture. Policies encouraging technical progress should be accompanied by successful technological diffusions.
Coulomb-interaction induced incomplete shell filling in the hole system of InAs quantum dots
Creators: name: Reuter, D.
name: Kailuweit, P.
name: Wieck, A. D.
name: Zeitler, U.
name: Wibbelhoff, O. S.
name: Meier, C.
name: Lorke, A.
name: Maan, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the hole charging spectra of self-assembled InAs quantum dots in perpendicular magnetic fields by capacitance-voltage spectroscopy. From the magnetic field dependence of the individual peaks we conclude that the s-like ground state is completely filled with two holes but that the fourfold degenerate p-shell is only half filled with two holes before the filling of the d-shell starts. The resulting six-hole ground state is highly polarized. This incomplete shell filling can be explained by the large influence of the Coulomb interaction in this system.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Nanoparticles for Campylobacter spp. detection in food
Creators: name: Marin, Marco
name: Vizzini, Priya
name: Vidić, Jasmina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: nanoparticles
gold nanoparticles
biosensor
Campylobacter spp.
detection
food

description: July 3rd was a day for another IPANEMA’s Online Journal Club (OJC4)!
 For this purpose, Young Researchers from the INRAe organized an interesting presentation with the topic: “Nanoparticles for Campylobacter spp. detection in food”. Through OJC4, we were able to get acquainted with gold nanoparticle colorimetric sensors, and with the role of silica nanoparticles in nucleic acid-based detection, as well as to learn more about different enrichment approaches for analyses of Campylobacter-contaminated food samples.
description: IPANEMA - 872662 - Integration of PAper-based Nucleic acid testing mEthods into Microfluidic devices for improved biosensing Applications
LONG-RUN STRIGA CONTROL BY SUBSISTENCE FARMERS IN MALI
Creators: name: Mullen, Jeffrey D.
name: Kebe, Demba
name: Taylor, Daniel B.
name: Fofana, Makan
name: Mullen, Jeffrey D.
name: Kebe, Demba
name: Taylor, Daniel B.
name: Fofana, Makan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: A dynamic programming model is developed to identify barriers to the adoption of long-run control programs for the parasitic weed Striga. The model is applied to Sirakorola in northwestern Mali. The ability of national and village-level institutions to overcome the barriers to adoption is explored.
Theory of impedance networks: The two-point impedance and LC resonances
Creators: name: Tzeng, W. J.
name: Wu, F. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a formulation of the determination of the impedance between any two nodes in an impedance network. An impedance network is described by its Laplacian matrix L which has generally complex matrix elements. We show that by solving the equation L u_a = lambda_a u_a^* with orthonormal vectors u_a, the effective impedance between nodes p and q of the network is Z = Sum_a [u_{a,p} - u_{a,q}]^2/lambda_a where the summation is over all lambda_a not identically equal to zero and u_{a,p} is the p-th component of u_a. For networks consisting of inductances (L) and capacitances (C), the formulation leads to the occurrence of resonances at frequencies associated with the vanishing of lambda_a. This curious result suggests the possibility of practical applications to resonant circuits. Our formulation is illustrated by explicit examples.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures; v4: typesetting corrected; v5: Eq. (63) corrected
THE LINK BETWEEN FARMGATE AND WORLD PRICES IN THE WAKE OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION: THE CASE OF COLOMBIA
Creators: name: Jaramillo, Carlos Felipe
name: Nupia, Oskar Andres
name: Jaramillo, Carlos Felipe
name: Nupia, Oskar Andres
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The study measures the extent to which farmgate price levels have effectively increased their degree of integration with world price movements following trade liberalization in Columbia. Results show that the extent of integration varies greatly depending upon the crop, and that market-specific policies have isolated some farmers from international influences.
CIDMP: Completely Interpretable Detection of Malaria Parasite in Red Blood Cells using Lower-dimensional Feature Space
Creators: name: Khan, Anik
name: Gupta, Kishor Datta
name: Venugopal, Deepak
name: Kumar, Nirman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Predicting if red blood cells (RBC) are infected with the malaria parasite is an important problem in Pathology. Recently, supervised machine learning approaches have been used for this problem, and they have had reasonable success. In particular, state-of-the-art methods such as Convolutional Neural Networks automatically extract increasingly complex feature hierarchies from the image pixels. While such generalized automatic feature extraction methods have significantly reduced the burden of feature engineering in many domains, for niche tasks such as the one we consider in this paper, they result in two major problems. First, they use a very large number of features (that may or may not be relevant) and therefore training such models is computationally expensive. Further, more importantly, the large feature-space makes it very hard to interpret which features are truly important for predictions. Thus, a criticism of such methods is that learning algorithms pose opaque black boxes to its users, in this case, medical experts. The recommendation of such algorithms can be understood easily, but the reason for their recommendation is not clear. This is the problem of non-interpretability of the model, and the best-performing algorithms are usually the least interpretable. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose an approach to extract a very small number of aggregated features that are easy to interpret and compute, and empirically show that we obtain high prediction accuracy even with a significantly reduced feature-space.
description: Accepted in The 2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2020) At Glasgow (UK)
EVALUATING APPROPRIATE RENTAL RATES FOR RICE ACREAGE
Creators: name: Rister, M. Edward
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Falconer, Lawrence L.
name: Benton, Brandon
name: Rister, M. Edward
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Falconer, Lawrence L.
name: Benton, Brandon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Land Economics/Use

description: The levels and risk-free nature of rice market transition payments associated with the FAIR Act of 1996 have encouraged many rice landowners to reconsider their tenure contracts. A methodology for comparing landowners' decision to "self-operate" versus "rent to a tenant" is presented.