cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Performance of the ATLAS Level-1 topological trigger in Run 2
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During LHC Run 2 (2015-2018) the ATLAS Level-1 topological trigger allowed efficient data-taking by the ATLAS experiment at luminosities up to 2.1x10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, which exceeds the design value by a factor of two. The system was installed in 2016 and operated in 2017 and 2018. It uses Field Programmable Gate Array processors to select interesting events by placing kinematic and angular requirements on electromagnetic clusters, jets, $τ$-leptons, muons and the total energy. It significantly improves the background event rejection and signal event acceptance, in particular for Higgs boson and $B$-physics measurements.
description: 36 pages in total, author list starting page 20, 10 figures, 3 tables, published in EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TRIG-2019-02/
Pseudo-supersymmetry and a Tale of Alternate Realities
Creators: name: Bergshoeff, E. A.
name: Hartong, J.
name: Ploegh, A.
name: Rosseel, J.
name: Bleeken, D. Van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how all variant 10d and 11d maximal supergravities, including star supergravities and supergravities in different signatures, can be obtained as different real slices of three complex actions. As an application we study the recently introduced domain-wall/cosmology correspondence in this approach. We give an example in 9d and 10d where the domain-wall and corresponding cosmology can be viewed as different real slices of the same complex solution. We argue how in this case the pseudo-supersymmetry of the cosmological solutions can be understood as the invariance under supersymmetry of a variant supergravity.
description: 32 pages
Economic benefits of grazed apple orchards in England - Korzyści ekonomiczne z wypasu w sadach jabłoniowych (Anglia)
Creators: name: Burgess, P.
name: Chinery, F.
name: Eriksson, G.
name: Pershagen, E.
name: Perez-Casenave, C.
name: Giannitsopolous, M.
name: Borek, R.
name: Wydra, M.
name: Jędrejek, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: orchards grazing
sheep
economics
sheep production management
wypas w sadach
owce
ekonomika produkcji
zarządzanie hodowlą owiec

description: Wypas w sadzie może przynosić zarówno finansowe, jak i środowiskowe korzyści. Doświadczenie interesariuszy projektu AGFORWARD dowodzi, że niektóre rasy owiec (np. Shropshire) można z powodzeniem wypasać w sadach podciętych
do wysokości 1-2 m, bez zauważalnych strat w plonach. Hodowcy owiec mogą czerpać korzyści z dodatkowego źródła trawy w sadzie, a także z przeznaczenia dotychczas spasanych gruntów na produkcję siana. Właściciele sadów mogą również oszczędzać na kosztach koszenia sadu, nawożenia, a także otrzymywać opłaty za korzystanie z pastwiska od hodowców owiec. Warto równie wspomnieć o korzyściach społecznych, wynikających ze wzrostu zatrudnienia na obszarach wiejskich czy wspierania bioróżnorodności.
Via Machinae: Searching for Stellar Streams using Unsupervised Machine Learning
Creators: name: Shih, David
name: Buckley, Matthew R.
name: Necib, Lina
name: Tamanas, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new machine learning algorithm, Via Machinae, to identify cold stellar streams in data from the Gaia telescope. Via Machinae is based on ANODE, a general method that uses conditional density estimation and sideband interpolation to detect local overdensities in the data in a model agnostic way. By applying ANODE to the positions, proper motions, and photometry of stars observed by Gaia, Via Machinae obtains a collection of those stars deemed most likely to belong to a stellar stream. We further apply an automated line-finding method based on the Hough transform to search for line-like features in patches of the sky. In this paper, we describe the Via Machinae algorithm in detail and demonstrate our approach on the prominent stream GD-1. Though some parts of the algorithm are tuned to increase sensitivity to cold streams, the Via Machinae technique itself does not rely on astrophysical assumptions, such as the potential of the Milky Way or stellar isochrones. This flexibility suggests that it may have further applications in identifying other anomalous structures within the Gaia dataset, for example debris flow and globular clusters.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures, v2: references added, minor corrections, v3: published version
Measurement of D mesons Production in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA
Creators: name: ZEUS Collaboration
name: Chekanov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charm production in deep inelastic scattering has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 82 pb^{-1}. Charm has been tagged by reconstructing D^{*+}, D^0, D^{+} and D_s^+ (+ c.c.) charm mesons. The charm hadrons were measured in the kinematic range p_T(D^{*+},D^0,D^{+}) > 3 GeV, p_T(D_s^+)>2 GeV and |η(D)| < 1.6 for 1.5 < Q^2 < 1000 GeV^2 and 0.02 < y < 0.7. The production cross sections were used to extract charm fragmentation ratios and the fraction of c quarks hadronising into a particular charm meson in the kinematic range considered. The cross sections were compared to the predictions of next-to-leading-order QCD, and extrapolated to the full kinematic region in p_T(D) and η(D) in order to determine the open-charm contribution, F_2^{c\bar{c}}(x,Q^2), to the proton structure function F_2.
description: 46 pages, 9 figures, 10 tables, accepted for publication in JHEP
A Comparative Study of Parallel Kinematic Architectures for Machining Applications
Creators: name: Wenger, Philippe
name: Gosselin, Clément
name: Chablat, Damien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Parallel kinematic mechanisms are interesting alternative designs for machining applications. Three 2-DOF parallel mechanism architectures dedicated to machining applications are studied in this paper. The three mechanisms have two constant length struts gliding along fixed linear actuated joints with different relative orientation. The comparative study is conducted on the basis of a same prescribed Cartesian workspace for the three mechanisms. The common desired workspace properties are a rectangular shape and given kinetostatic performances. The machine size of each resulting design is used as a comparative criterion. The 2-DOF machine mechanisms analyzed in this paper can be extended to 3-axis machines by adding a third joint.
Towards Fair Classifiers Without Sensitive Attributes: Exploring Biases in Related Features
Creators: name: Zhao, Tianxiang
name: Dai, Enyan
name: Shu, Kai
name: Wang, Suhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the rapid development and great success of machine learning models, extensive studies have exposed their disadvantage of inheriting latent discrimination and societal bias from the training data. This phenomenon hinders their adoption on high-stake applications. Thus, many efforts have been taken for developing fair machine learning models. Most of them require that sensitive attributes are available during training to learn fair models. However, in many real-world applications, it is usually infeasible to obtain the sensitive attributes due to privacy or legal issues, which challenges existing fair-ensuring strategies. Though the sensitive attribute of each data sample is unknown, we observe that there are usually some non-sensitive features in the training data that are highly correlated with sensitive attributes, which can be used to alleviate the bias. Therefore, in this paper, we study a novel problem of exploring features that are highly correlated with sensitive attributes for learning fair and accurate classifiers. We theoretically show that by minimizing the correlation between these related features and model prediction, we can learn a fair classifier. Based on this motivation, we propose a novel framework which simultaneously uses these related features for accurate prediction and enforces fairness. In addition, the model can dynamically adjust the regularization weight of each related feature to balance its contribution on model classification and fairness. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model for learning fair models with high classification accuracy.
Ofatumumab: A Review in Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis
Creators: name: Kang, Connie
name: Blair, Hannah A.
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 110903 Central Nervous System
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Declarations

 Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.
Authorship and Conflict of interest Connie Kang and Hannah Blair are salaried employees of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, and declare no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article content. Ethics approval, Consent to participate, Consent to publish, Availability of data and material, Code availability Not applicable.

Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here.

AbstractOfatumumab (Kesimpta®) is a fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that can be self-administered by patients and is approved in several countries worldwide for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). In two identical phase III trials in adults with relapsing forms of MS, subcutaneous ofatumumab was more effective than oral teriflunomide in reducing the annualized relapse rate, as well as reducing MRI-detected lesion activity and limiting worsening of disability. Ofatumumab had a generally manageable tolerability profile; the most common adverse events (AEs) included nasopharyngitis, headache, upper respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections. AEs of special interest (AESIs) included infections and injection-related reactions, which were generally manageable. Immunoglobulin M levels were reduced (but stayed above the lower limit of normal) by ofatumumab therapy, but this was not associated with an increased risk of infection. Thus, ofatumumab is a convenient treatment option that is effective and has a generally manageable tolerability profile in adults with relapsing forms of MS.© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Path integral quantization of scalar fluctuations above a kink
Creators: name: Alexandre, Jean
name: Farakos, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantize scalar fluctuations in 1+1 dimensions above a classical background kink. The properties of the effective action for the corresponding classical field are studied with an exact functional method, alternative to exact Wilsonian renormalization, where the running parameter is a bare mass, and the regulator of the quantum theory is fixed. We extend this approach, in an appendix, to a Yukawa interaction in higher dimension.
description: Comments added
Kinematic Analysis of a New Parallel Machine Tool: the Orthoglide
Creators: name: Wenger, Philippe
name: Chablat, Damien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes a new parallel kinematic architecture for machining applications: the orthoglide. This machine features three fixed parallel linear joints which are mounted orthogonally and a mobile platform which moves in the Cartesian x-y-z space with fixed orientation. The main interest of the orthoglide is that it takes benefit from the advantages of the popular PPP serial machines (regular Cartesian workspace shape and uniform performances) as well as from the parallel kinematic arrangement of the links (less inertia and better dynamic performances), which makes the orthoglide well suited to high-speed machining applications. Possible extension of the orthoglide to 5-axis machining is also investigated.
Precis: “Social media social comparison and identity distress at the college transition: A dual-path model”
Creators: name: Russell, Kambry
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: social comparison
social media
media
teenager
adolescence
comparison
reflection
rumination

description: In Yang et al.’s study, researchers seek to identify how social comparison on social media influences individuals’ identity formation during the transition from high school to college. They do so through studying two processes that are related to social media use. First of all, individuals may competitively compare their abilities to others’ on social media in a judgmental way, namely comparing physical attractiveness, social likability, positive experiences, and other factors. This type of judgmental comparison was predicted to lead to rumination, or dwelling on repetitive, negative thoughts about the self. Secondly, individuals may compare their opinions with others’ on social media from a non-judgmental perspective. Using social media in this open, curious manner was predicted to lead to reflection, which allows individuals to analyze their own beliefs. By studying these two processes of social comparison, researchers were able to identify what role each process plays in the formation of these individuals’ identities.
Multilingual parsing and MWE detection
Creators: name: Foufi, Vasiliki
name: Nerima, Luka
name: Wehrli, Eric
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Identifying multiword expressions (MWEs) in a sentence in order to ensure their proper processing in subsequent applications, like machine translation, and performing the syntactic analysis of the sentence are interrelated processes. In our approach, priority is given to parsing alternatives involving collocations, and hence collocational information helps the parser through the maze of alternatives, with the aim to lead to substantial improvements in the performance of both tasks (collocation identification and parsing), and in that of a subsequent task (machine translation).
The critical temperature for the BCS equation at weak coupling
Creators: name: Frank, Rupert L.
name: Hainzl, Christian
name: Naboko, Serguei
name: Seiringer, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the BCS equation with local two-body interaction $λV(x)$, we give a rigorous analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the critical temperature as $λ\to 0$. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions on $V(x)$ for the existence of a non-trivial solution for all values of $λ>0$.
description: Revised Version. To appear in J. Geom. Anal
Probing the flavor-specific scalar mediator for the muon $(g-2)$ deviation, the proton radius puzzle and the light dark matter production
Creators: name: Zhu, Bin
name: Liu, Xuewen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flavor-specific scalar bosons exist in various Standard Model extensions and couple to a single generation of fermions via a global flavor symmetry breaking mechanism. Given this strategy, we propose a MeV flavor-specific scalar model in dimension-$5$ operator series, which explains the muon g-2 anomaly and proton radius puzzle by coupling with the muon and down-quark at the same time. The framework is consistent with the null result of high-intensity searches. Specifically, the supernova constraints for muon couplings become weakened by including the contribution of down-quark interaction. The parameter space for explaining muon $g-2$ discrepancy is available when $10\%$ energy deposition is required in the energy explosion process in the supernova, but this is ruled out by the $1\%$ energy deposition requirement. We also investigate the searches for mediator and dark matter and the resulting constraints on viable parameter space such as nuclear physics constraints, direct detection for light boosted dark matter, and possible CMB constraints. When compared to conventional dark matter production, light dark matter production has two additional modifications: bound state formation and early kinetic equilibrium decoupling. We are now looking into the implications of these effects on the relic density of light dark matter.
description: Accepted for publication in Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron
Toppling failure in the Marmot Vertical Limb at Quintette Coal Ltd., Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia
Creators: name: Moore, Duncan Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Two years in a row Quintette Coal Ltd. had a toppling failure occur on the North Wall in the Marmot Vertical Limb. The wall has an overall angle of approximately 50 degrees, and the stratigraphy, consisting of poor quality sandstone and shale, is dipping almost vertical. The July 27th bench scale toppling failure, was initiated by high pore pressures generated in tension cracks. The September 18th toppling failure was a multi-bench failure, which had been developing for over a year. Although water pressures did not initiate failure, transient water tables contributed to the overall instability. Both failures were the result of poor wall design and blasting damage. This thesis presents the background material, the mine and monitor method developed and the back analysis of the failure. The areas researched include: regional and local geology, structural geology in the Vertical Limb, mine development, the groundwater conditions encountered, the blasting practices used, the artificial support systems installed and the monitoring network established. The analysis of the failure used the Distinct Element Method developed by Peter Cundall. This method is a recognized discontinuum modelling approach, which is used to model jointed media subjected to quasi-static or dynamic loading. The method has been compared to the Limit Equilibrium Analysis proposed by Goodman and Bray in 1976, but most of the work involving UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code) has centred around tunnel design and support requirements, rock reinforcement, fluid flow through a jointed media, dynamic loading and thermal-mechanical modelling. In this thesis the rock mass is analyzed as a series of rigid blocks, which are subjected to gravitational forces. The purpose of UDEC is not to design pit walls or better dams, but rather to be used as a tool to better understand how a jointed rock mass behaves under static and dynamic loads.
A robust, high-order implicit shock tracking method for simulation of complex, high-speed flows
Creators: name: Huang, Tianci
name: Zahr, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: High-order implicit shock tracking is a new class of numerical methods to approximate solutions of conservation laws with non-smooth features. These methods align elements of the computational mesh with non-smooth features to represent them perfectly, allowing high-order basis functions to approximate smooth regions of the solution without the need for nonlinear stabilization, which leads to accurate approximations on traditionally coarse meshes. The hallmark of these methods is the underlying optimization formulation whose solution is a feature-aligned mesh and the corresponding high-order approximation to the flow; the key challenge is robustly solving the central optimization problem. In this work, we develop a robust optimization solver for high-order implicit shock tracking methods so they can be reliably used to simulate complex, high-speed, compressible flows in multiple dimensions. The proposed method integrates practical robustness measures into a sequential quadratic programming method, including dimension- and order-independent simplex element collapses, mesh smoothing, and element-wise solution re-initialization, which prove to be necessary to reliably track complex discontinuity surfaces, such as curved and reflecting shocks, shock formation, and shock-shock interaction. A series of nine numerical experiments -- including two- and three-dimensional compressible flows with complex discontinuity surfaces -- are used to demonstrate: 1) the robustness of the solver, 2) the meshes produced are high-quality and track continuous, non-smooth features in addition to discontinuities, 3) the method achieves the optimal convergence rate of the underlying discretization even for flows containing discontinuities, and 4) the method produces highly accurate solutions on extremely coarse meshes relative to approaches based on shock capturing.
description: 45 pages, 37 figures, 4 tables
Additional file 1 of Multi-omics analysis reveals that natural hibernation is crucial for oocyte maturation in the female Chinese alligator
Creators: name: Lin, Jian-Qing
name: Yu, Jun
name: Jiang, Hua
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Wan, Qiu-Hong
name: Fang, Sheng-Guo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1 Table S1 Most enriched KEGG pathways in DEGs between SF_OVA_R and other ovary samples.
Interactions of a Light Hypersonic Jet with a Non-Uniform Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: Sutherland, R. S.
name: Bicknell, G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present three dimensional simulations of the interaction of a light hypersonic jet with an inhomogeneous thermal and turbulently supported disk in an elliptical galaxy. We model the jet as a light, supersonic non-relativistic flow with parameters selected to be consistent with a relativistic jet with kinetic power just above the FR1/FR2 break. We identify four generic phases in the evolution of such a jet with the inhomogeneous interstellar medium: 1) an initial ``flood and channel'' phase, where progress is characterized by high pressure gas finding changing weak points in the ISM, flowing through channels that form and re-form over time, 2) a spherical, energy-driven bubble phase, were the bubble is larger than the disk scale, but the jet remains fully disrupted close to the nucleus, 3) a rapid, jet break--out phase the where jet breaks free of the last dense clouds, becomes collimated and pierces the spherical bubble, and 4) a classical phase, the jet propagates in a momentum-dominated fashion leading to the classical jet + cocoon + bow-shock structure. Mass transport in the simulations is investigated, and we propose a model for the morphology and component proper motions in the well-studied Compact Symmetric Object 4C31.04.
description: 66 pages, 22 figures, PDFLaTeX, aastex macros, graphicx and amssymb packages, Accepted, to be published 2007 ApJS
Sparse Spiking Gradient Descent
Creators: name: Perez-Nieves, Nicolas
name: Goodman, Dan F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: There is an increasing interest in emulating Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) on neuromorphic computing devices due to their low energy consumption. Recent advances have allowed training SNNs to a point where they start to compete with traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in terms of accuracy, while at the same time being energy efficient when run on neuromorphic hardware. However, the process of training SNNs is still based on dense tensor operations originally developed for ANNs which do not leverage the spatiotemporally sparse nature of SNNs. We present here the first sparse SNN backpropagation algorithm which achieves the same or better accuracy as current state of the art methods while being significantly faster and more memory efficient. We show the effectiveness of our method on real datasets of varying complexity (Fashion-MNIST, Neuromophic-MNIST and Spiking Heidelberg Digits) achieving a speedup in the backward pass of up to 150x, and 85% more memory efficient, without losing accuracy.
Apple orchards grazed in France - Wypas w sadach jabłoniowych, Francja
Creators: name: Corroyes, N.
name: Borek, R.
name: Wydra, M.
name: Jędrejek, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: orchards grazing
sheep
orchard management
grazing monitoring
wypas w sadach
owce
gospodarowanie sadem
kontrola wypasu

description: Dlaczego warto wypasać owce w sadach?:
- Pomagają zmniejszyć koszt koszenia traw w sadzie.
- Wspomagają zachowanie substancji odżywczych i ich obieg w sadzie.
- Żywią się opadającymi liśćmi (przenoszącymi przetrwalniki parcha jabłoni) i owocami (w których kryją się larwy szkodników, takich jak rośliniarka czy jabłkóweczka), dzięki czemu ograniczają potrzebę stosowania pestycydów.
- Mogą zmniejszyć populację nornic (wyrządzających szkody w sadzie).
- Zielonkę można wykorzystać do utrzymania owiec i tuczenia jagniąt, co zwiększy dochód gospodarstwa.
title: VOLCANIC DEBRIS AVALANCHE PROPAGATION AND EMPLACEMENT MECHANISMS: SEDIMENTOLOGICAL FIELD EVIDENCE AND BIDISPERSE GRANULAR FLOW EXPERIMENTS
Creators: name: Makris, Symeon
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: debris avalanches
subject: granular flows
subject: lahars
subject: landslides
subject: mass flows
subject: sedimentology
subject: PhD

description: Volcanic debris avalanches mobilise large volumes and achieve long runouts with high destructive potential. Although many theories have been proposed regarding the mechanisms that enable their long runouts, the processes remain unknown. Theoretical and numerical models are unable to account for their long runout while being consistent with deposit observations. Therefore, evaluation of their dynamics in reference to deposit structure and sedimentology is fundamental for constraining such models. This thesis explores volcanic debris avalanche propagation dynamics and evaluates potential factors contributing to their long runouts. A systematic comparison of volcanic debris avalanches and lahars allows the evaluation of water as a factor in mass flow propagation. The structure and sedimentology of two deposits from the Canary Islands (Spain) with different properties, and composed of distinct lithologies, are examined and their propagation processes evaluated. A novel technique using structure from motion photogrammetry is developed and proposed for the clast size analysis of indurated/lithified deposits. Finally, analogue granular avalanche experiments are employed to evaluate grain size bidispersity as a factor for enhanced runout. The potential and limitations of analogue experiments are evaluated. Findings suggest that water does not play a major role in the propagation mechanisms of volcanic debris avalanches and is not a factor contributing to their long runouts. The two studied deposits constitute endmembers consisting of homogenous competent lava lithologies in one case, and less competent pyroclastic products in the other. Consequently, they result in end-member propagation models: (1) brittle fault-accommodated spreading and (2) distributed stress fluidisation respectively. Their comparison suggests that lithological properties are a principal factor for the structural evolution, dynamics and kinematics of volcanic debris avalanches. Although enhanced runouts are achieved in the analogue experiments with bidisperse grain size distributions, this is the result of scale-dependent processes, dissimilar to real events, generating a collisional flow regime. Consequently, the importance of dynamic scaling for the effective simulation of avalanche dynamics is highlighted.
Biquadratic antisymmetric exchange and the magnetic phase diagram of magnetoelectric CuFeO$_2$
Creators: name: Plumer, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biquadratic {\it antisymmetric} exchange terms of the form $ - [C_{ij} e^α_{ij}({\bf s}_i\times{\bf s}_j)_z]^2$, where ${\bf e}_{ij}$ is the unit vector connecting sites $i$ and $j$ and $α= x,y$, due partially to magnetoelectric coupling effects, are shown to be responsible for the spin-flop helical phase in CuFeO$_2$ at low magnetic field and temperature. Usual biquadratic {\it symmetric} exchange, likely due to magnetoelastic coupling, is found to support the stability of axial magnetic states at higher fields in this nearly-Heisenberg like stacked triangular antiferromagnet. A model Hamiltonian which also includes substantial interplane and higher-neighbor intraplane exchange interactions, reproduces the unique series of observed commensurate and incommensurate periodicity phases with increasing applied magnetic field in this highly frustrated system. The magnetic field-temperature phase diagram is discussed in terms of a Landau-type free energy.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Instructional methods for novice programmers
Creators: name: Clarke, Anthony
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Computer programming is a relatively new phenomenon. Instructional methods in response to this new pedagogy have been many and varied. In the critical interplay between teacher and learner, the learners' perception of the instructional environment is perhaps one of the most important yet least understood variables. Little research has been devoted to understanding the learners' perceptions of the different instructional methods advocated. This study provides an insight into the students' perceptions of two instructional methods, and thus extends the knowledge base for decision making about learning environments for novice programmers. An introductory computer programming class of sixteen university students was divided into two groups, one to experience the Lecture-lab approach (teacher centred) and the other the Guided Self-discovery approach (student centred). To ensure an even balance of abilities between the two groups, student allocation was based on a test of programming ability and a test of field independence. During the study students completed two attitude questionnaires, three tests of programming ability and a log sheet for every class. At the conclusion of the experimentation period, eight of the sixteen students were interviewed. The results of the statistical (Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-tests) and interview analysis indicated that novice programmers prefer an instructional framework based on: a teaching style that allows active student participation and substantial student-teacher interactions, a learning environment that allows student exploration and substantial student-student interactions, and resource materials that include regular work sheet.
Subadult Virtual Anthropology Database (SVAD) Data Collection Protocol: Cranial Landmarks and Craniometrics
Creators: name: Spradley, M Kate
name: Wolfe, Christopher A
name: Stull, Kyra E
name: Chu, Elaine Y
name: Broehl, Kristen A
name: Vlemincq-Mendieta, Tatiana
name: Pilloud, Marin A
name: Scott, G Richard
name: Corron, Louise K
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: virtual anthropology
computed tomography
forensic anthropology
craniometrics

description: This document presents the standardized protocol for placing landmarks on virtual 3D renderings of subadult crania using the Amira visualization software. This protocol was developed as part of National Institute of Justice Award 2019 DU-BX-0039.
description: Funding Source: National Institute of Justice Award 2019 DU-BX-0039
Interaction of Jets with the ISM of Radio Galaxies
Creators: name: Sutherland, R. S.
name: Bicknell, G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present three dimensional simulations of the interaction of a light hypersonic jet with an inhomogeneous thermal and turbulently supported disk in an elliptical galaxy, including Radio and multi-band X-ray visualisations. These simulations are applicable to the GPS/CSS phase of some extragalactic radio sources. We identify four generic phases in the evolution of such a jet with the interstellar medium. The first is a `flood and channel'' phase, dominated by complex jet interactions with the dense cloudy medium close to the nucleus. A spherical, energy driven, bubble phase follows, where the bubble is larger than the disk scale, but the jet remains fully disrupted close to the nucleus. Then in a rapid, jet break--out phase, the jet breaks free of the last obstructing dense clouds, becomes collimated and pierces the more or less spherical bubble. In the final classical phase, the jet propagates in a momentum-dominated fashion similar to jets in single component hot haloes, leading to the classical jet -- cocoon -- bow-shock structure.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, PDFLaTeX, aastex macros, graphicx package. Proceedings of the 5th Stromlo Symposium: Disks, Winds, and Jets - from Planets to Quasars. Accepted, to be published in Astronomy and Space Physics
Extracting and aligning multiword expressions from parallel corpora
Creators: name: Semmar, Nasredine
name: Servan, Christophe
name: Laib, Merima
name: Bouamor, Dhouha
name: Marchand, Morgane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Bilingual lexicons of multiword expressions play a vital role in several natural language processing applications such as machine translation and cross-language information retrieval because they  often characterize domain-specific vocabularies. Word alignment approaches are generally used to construct bilingual lexicons automatically from parallel corpora. We present in this chapter three approaches to align multiword expressions from parallel corpora. We evaluate the bilingual lexicons produced by these approaches using two methods: a manual evaluation of the alignment quality and an evaluation of the impact of this alignment on the translation quality of the phrase-based statistical machine translation system Moses. We experimentally show that the integration of the bilingual lexicons of multiword expressions in the translation model improves the performance of Moses.
Cosmic-Ray Events as Background in Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes
Creators: name: Maier, Gernot
name: Knapp, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dominant background for observations of gamma-rays in the energy region above 50 GeV with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes are cosmic-ray events. The images of most of the cosmic ray showers look significantly different from those of gamma-rays and are therefore easily discriminated. However, a small fraction of events seems to be indistinguishable from gamma-rays. This constitutes an irreducible background to the observation of high-energy gamma-ray sources, and limits the sensitivity achievable with a given instrument. Here, a Monte Carlo study of gamma-like cosmic-ray events is presented. The nature of gamma-like cosmic-ray events, the shower particles that are responsible for the gamma-like appearance, and the dependence of these results on the choice of the hadronic interaction model are investigated. Most of the gamma-like cosmic ray events are characterised by the production of high-energy pi0's early in the shower development which dump most of the shower energy into electromagnetic sub-showers. Also Cherenkov light from single muons can mimic gamma-rays in close-by pairs of telescopes. Differences of up to 25% in the collection area for gamma-like proton showers between QGSJet/FLUKA and Sibyll/FLUKA simulations have been found.
description: Accepted by Journal of Astroparticle Physics
MOESM13 of Potential therapeutic effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside on rheumatoid arthritis by relieving inhibition of CD38+ NK cells on Treg cell differentiation
Creators: name: Wang, Hongxing
name: Li, Shutong
name: Zhang, Guoqing
name: Wu, Hui
name: Chang, Xiaotian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 13: Table S8. Lymphocyte subset proportion (%) in peripheral blood of CIA rats.
Fast accurate multi-key weight measurement
Creators: name: Gutschmidt, Stefanie
name: McGuinness, Mark
name: Munn, William
name: Hannam, James
name: Greenbank, Emma
name: Jeon, Soomin
name: Lee, Chang-Ock
name: Kueh, Celia
name: Gibb, Tony
name: Goodger, Ben
name: McIntyre, Andrew
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: No description supplied
Fermion Masses and Mixings in GUTs with Non-Canonical U(1)_Y
Creators: name: Gogoladze, Ilia
name: Lee, Chin-Aik
name: Li, Tianjun
name: Shafi, Qaisar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss fermion masses and mixings in models derived from orbifold GUTs such that gauge coupling unification is achieved without low energy supersymmetry by utilizing a non-canonical U(1)_Y. A gauged U(1)_X flavor symmetry plays an essential role, and the Green-Schwarz mechanism is invoked in anomaly cancellations. Models containing vector-like particles with masses close to M_{GUT} are also discussed.
description: 18 pages
Erklärvideo “Online-Betrug” – Nach nur fünf Minuten Phishing E-Mails nachweislich signifikant besser erkennen
Creators: name: Volkamer, Melanie
name: Renaud, Karen
name: Reinheimer, Benjamin
name: Rack, Philipp
name: Ghiglieri, Marco
name: Gerber, Nina
name: Mayer, Peter
name: Kunz, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2019
Subjects: Phishing Awareness
Nutzerstudie
Retention-Studie

description: Betrüger haben schon immer das Vertrauen von unvorsichtigen Personen ausgenutzt und versucht diese zu betrügen. Im Zeitalter der Computer wurden die Möglichkeiten der Betrüger erweitert und sie können nun jede beliebige Person, die im Besitz einer E-Mail Adresse ist, zu ihrem Ziel machen. Die Betrüger passen ihre Phishing-Nachrichten gezielt auf ihre Opfer an und verschleiern Täuschung und Betrug so gut wie möglich. Daraus folgernd wird die Sensibilisierung der Nutzer in Bezug auf das Thema Phishing und die erfolgreiche Erkennung dessen von immer größerer Wichtigkeit. Unsere bisher entwickelten Phishing Awareness-Programme adressieren bestehende Fehlannahmen und Missverständnisse bezüglich Phishing und können gezielt dabei helfen, die Erkennung solcher Nachrichten zu verbessern. Der größte Nachteil dieser Awareness-Programme stellt die dafür aufzuwendende Zeit dar. Deshalb haben wir ein Phishing Awareness Video entwickelt und evaluiert, welches in fünf Minuten über das Thema Phishing informiert. Nach dem Ansehen des Videos konnten Probanden in unserer Untersuchung Phishing-Nachrichten signifikant zuverlässiger erkennen (verglichen mit der Erkennung vor dem Ansehen des Videos). Diese Fähigkeit konnte auch nach einer achtwöchigen Pause in einer abschließenden Befragung nachgewiesen werden.
MPPI-VS: Sampling-Based Model Predictive Control Strategy for Constrained Image-Based and Position-Based Visual Servoing
Creators: name: Mohamed, Ihab S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we open up new avenues for visual servoing systems built upon the Path Integral (PI) optimal control theory, in which the non-linear partial differential equation (PDE) can be transformed into an expectation over all possible trajectories using the Feynman-Kac (FK) lemma. More precisely, we propose an MPPI-VS control strategy, a real-time and inversion-free control strategy on the basis of sampling-based model predictive control (namely, Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control) algorithm, for both image-based, 3D point, and position-based visual servoing techniques, taking into account the system constraints (such as visibility, 3D, and control constraints) and parametric uncertainties associated with the robot and camera models as well as measurement noise. Contrary to classical visual servoing control schemes, our control strategy directly utilizes the approximation of the interaction matrix, without the need for estimating the interaction matrix inversion or performing the pseudo-inversion. We validate the MPPI-VS control strategy as well as the classical control schemes on a 6-DoF Cartesian robot with an eye-in-hand camera based on the utilization of four points in the image plane as visual features. To better assess and demonstrate the robustness and potential advantages of our proposed control strategy compared to classical schemes, intensive simulations under various operating conditions are carried out and then discussed. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness and capability of the proposed scheme in coping easily with the system constraints, as well as its robustness in the presence of large errors in camera parameters and measurements.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables
Associations between participation in the ESL class and in the community by Japanese learners with language achievement, general academic performance, and gender
Creators: name: Ellis, James Gordon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Participation in class and in the community by second language learners has been studied as an important factor in the development of a second language. Some studies suggest that there is a positive association between classroom participation and language contact. The relation of this to second language achievement, however, has not been demonstrated as of yet. This study relates participation in both class and community to academic performance both in language specifically and in subject matter courses. Firstly, the study shows a positive relation between participation in the community and the classroom. Secondly, there exists a positive relation between both of these factors and measures of language achievement. The previous research did riot consider sex as a variable but this study demonstrates that sex must be taken into consideration. Moreover, this study contains evidence that measures of participation in class and in the community relate not only to language achievement specifically but to academic achievement more generally. The use of a standard multiple regression has made it possible to consider the effect of all of these factors together. Examination of the data suggested that there was a correlation between high participation in class and community and high academic achievement in language and academic subject matter. Converse results were illustrated between low participation in class and community and low academic achievement in language and academic subject matter. A qualitative examination was conducted of high participants and achievers versus low participants and achievers. The case studies reinforced the quantitative findings and shed light onto possible reasons for gender differences. There were also indications that low participants and achievers were undergoing problems and possibly culture shock.
Additional file 2 of Multi-omics analysis reveals that natural hibernation is crucial for oocyte maturation in the female Chinese alligator
Creators: name: Lin, Jian-Qing
name: Yu, Jun
name: Jiang, Hua
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Wan, Qiu-Hong
name: Fang, Sheng-Guo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2 Figure S1 Expression patterns of genes involved in sex differentiation and fertility in ovary samples from Chinese alligators overwintering in different environments. a. Expression alterations of genes involved in sex differentiation and fertility in the gonads of female alligators overwintering in the warm room. b. Expression heatmap of DEGs involved in sex differentiation and fertility in the ovary samples. c. Expression patterns of GDF9, PRLRB, BMP2B, SOX9, StAR, and FGFR2A in the ovary samples.
Nested sampling for frequentist computation: fast estimation of small $p$-values
Creators: name: Fowlie, Andrew
name: Hoof, Sebastian
name: Handley, Will
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel method for computing $p$-values based on nested sampling (NS) applied to the sampling space rather than the parameter space of the problem, in contrast to its usage in Bayesian computation. The computational cost of NS scales as $\log^2{1/p}$, which compares favorably to the $1/p$ scaling for Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. For significances greater than about $4σ$ in both a toy problem and a simplified resonance search, we show that NS requires orders of magnitude fewer simulations than ordinary MC estimates. This is particularly relevant for high-energy physics, which adopts a $5σ$ gold standard for discovery. We conclude with remarks on new connections between Bayesian and frequentist computation and possibilities for tuning NS implementations for still better performance in this setting.
description: 5 pages + refs, 3 figures. added refs + schematic of algorithm. closely matches published version
Higher order approximations to coal pyrolysis distribution
Creators: name: Paea, S
name: McGuinness, Mark
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Coal pyrolysis is a complex process involving a large number of chemical reactions. Pyrolysis is a key step in all coal conversion processes. The Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM) is a state-of-the art approach to the problem of predicting the amount of volatile released versus activation energy or time. The distribution of mass released is usually assumed to be Gaussian. We present an inverse iterative approach together with a smoothing function to estimate the underlying distribution directly from volatilisation data.