cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CONCEPTS, IDEAS, AND FRAMEWORKS EMERGING FROM OPERATIONAL-TACTICAL WARGAMES
Creators: name: Teppo, Lauri
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: he article describes the operational-tactical phenomena that were
observed and analyzed in different wargames. Research was conducted in a quali-
tative paradigm, using observation as a data collection method and inductive coding
as the main data analysis tool. Thereafter, the findings are connected to the existing
operational-tactical concepts and, finally, key aspects of wargame design and emerging
concepts for warfare are described. The findings are divided into four categories using
operational factors as a framework: time, space, force, and information. First, the
study provides evidence in category information, i.e., understanding the end-state
(victory condition) is vital for success. Second, the research indicates that operational
objectives, operational key terrains, and tactical key terrains are interlinked, and their
nature and value should be assessed through such connection. In addition, the study
emphasizes how the lines of communication and the enemy’s effects on them affect
operational reach. The research also revealed the significant effect of the area of
influence (AOI) on the enemy’s speed and formation because of the threat generated
in the area of influence that is occupied by a friendly force. Findings in the category
‘forces’ highlight the interdependence between joint functions, intelligence and fires,
and explain the effects of electronic warfare and cyber-attacks on operational mobility
through the disruption of command and control. In the category of ‘time’, the study
emphasizes how the relative nature of time (tempo) can affect both sides and how
the season can affect the forces. Thereafter, the article continues with a description of
important concepts regarding wargame design: first, victory conditions as a combi-
nation of operational factors (emphasizing the element of information) and, second,
sequencing the game on an operational level by using different combat functions.
Finally, there is a description of the validity and utility of a multi-sensor shooter
network, highlighting the possibility of employing wargames in training and force
development for multinational joint operations in the Baltic States.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 21 (2023)
Influence of various environments on the mechanical properties of nanoclay reinforced S-glass/sisal hybrid polyester composites
Creators: name: Chowdary Mallampati, Somaiah
name: Gujjala, Raghavendra
name: Ammulu Manne, Anupama
name: S. R. Niranjan Kumar, M.
name: Suyambulinagm, Indran
name: Siengchin, Suchart
name: Bandaru, Aswani
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: This investigation aims to study the influence of various environments, such as groundwater, seawater, mineral water and sub-zero, on reinforced polyester/S-glass/sisal composites with nano clay (NC). Composites with a configuration of S-glass/sisal/sisal/S-glass (GSSG) with different wt% of NC, such as 0, 2, 4, and 6, were manufactured using the hand lay-up method. For 6 days, the composites were conditioned in different environments like seawater, mineral water, groundwater at room temperature, and sub-zero environments at -17-C. The influence of these environments on the tensile and flexural properties of manufactured composites was studied. Composites with 4% NC displayed higher tensile strength, while composites with 2% NC exhibited maximum flexural strength for all the environments. It was perceived that the weight gain was maximum in seawater (0.1857 g) and minimum in mineral water (0.06 g) and sub-zero (0.101 g) conditions for 6% NC condition. Tensile and flexural strengths were reduced by 27% and 24% when samples were submerged in seawater compared to other environments. TEM images for 4 wt% of NC and 6 wt% of NC were studied for dispersions of NC in Polyester, and the effect of NC mixing with polyester was understood for the hybrid polymer composites. Highlights • A novel hybrid composites were fabricated using a double stirring process. • The ultra-sonication led to uniform distribution of nanoparticles. • The mechanical properties and the effect of environments on these properties are studied. • SEM images revealed the aging due to various environments. • The hybrid composites can store mineral water and the sub-zero environment.
LETHAL AUTONOMOUS WEAPON SYSTEMS (LAWS). ON THE ETHICS OF AUTOMATION IN THE MILITARY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL SYSTEMS THEORY
Creators: name: Spreen, Dierk
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The debate about weapon systems that function “autonomously” on artifi-
cial intelligence is giving a new impetus to the old question about the role of auto-
mation in social systems.1 This is especially true for the debate on Lethal Autonomous
Weapon Systems (LAWS), i.e., autonomous systems designed to kill in the context of
warlike conflicts. This article provides an insight into how artificial intelligence auto-
mation can be modelled in social theory, referring in particular to Niklas Luhmann’s
systems and communication theory. From this modelling, conclusions arise with
regard to ethical questions in the military context. As a first step, following Elena
Esposito, I examine how artificial intelligence automation participates in commu-
nication processes and where its limits lie. Following that, ethical questions are dis-
cussed step by step. First, the problem of violating human dignity will be considered.
In the context of organisations—and especially military organisations—the question
of accountability always arises. Accountability refers to social roles and their cor-
responding communication processes. Machine processes, however, cannot replace
accountability. Furthermore, five aspects are discussed which arise from the per-
spective of the codified moral programme of Innere Führung in relation to artificial intelligence automation. These are trust in technology, time frame, standardisation
of assisting information, communicative attribution as action, and building media
competence, including moral routines. With recourse to Luhmann’s concept of risk,
the importance of implementation processes and learning is pointed out at the end.
Overall, this paper is about raising questions, i.e., about problematising. It is not
about formulating definitive answers.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 21 (2023)
Report about ray tracing software
Creators: name: Grillo, Vincenzo
name: Tiemeijer, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Q-sort

description: The purpose of this deliverable is 1) to describe the new software for the gaussian ray tracing of
 electrons inside the microscope. 2) to describe its application to describe the sorting experiments. In
 particular this deliverable describes the features that have been implemented in the software and how
 to use the code to predict the behavior of the electronic column.
 The long term objective is to set the best parameters for the phase element of the OAM sorter and
 guarantee the successful operation without need of further adjustments in the fabrication but also a
 guide to the actual experiments since the microscope must be operated in non-standard conditions.
FOCAL POINTS OF UKRAINIAN HISTORY
Creators: name: Kopõtin, Igor
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Based on the broad Ukrainian historiography, this article examines the key points of Ukrainian history. As known, Vladimir Putin, the Russian dictator, used his own interpretation of Ukrainian history to justify the Russian military aggression on 24 February 2022. Within an ideological framework, the focal points of Ukrainian history detectable in Putin’s speech and the general Russian history narrative may even make sense. What are the focal points of Ukrainian history that make determining the historical discourse of the nation state of Ukraine so complicated and have paved the way for repeated encounters with Russia?


 
 
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 20 (2022)
Supplementary tables and figures from A genome-wide test for paternal indirect genetic effects on lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Shenoi, Vinesh Naresh
name: Brengdahl, Martin I.
name: Grace, Jaime L.
name: Eriksson, Björn
name: Rydén, Patrik
name: Friberg, Urban
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Detailed methods and extended analyses
Dietary weight loss and exercise interventions effects on quality of life in overweight/obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Imayama, Ikuyo
name: Alfano, Catherine M
name: Kong, Angela
name: Foster-Schubert, Karen E.
name: Bain, Carolyn E.
name: Xiao, Liren
name: Duggan, Catherine
name: Wang, Ching-Yun
name: Campbell, Kristin
name: Blackburn, George L.
name: McTiernan, Anne
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Although lifestyle interventions targeting multiple lifestyle behaviors are more effective in preventing unhealthy weight gain and chronic diseases than intervening on a single behavior, few studies have compared individual and combined effects of diet and/or exercise interventions on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). In addition, the mechanisms of how these lifestyle interventions affect HRQOL are unknown. The primary aim of this study was to examine the individual and combined effects of dietary weight loss and/or exercise interventions on HRQOL and psychosocial factors (depression, anxiety, stress, social support). The secondary aim was to investigate predictors of changes in HRQOL. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. Overweight/obese postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to 12 months of dietary weight loss (n = 118), moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise (225 minutes/week, n = 117), combined diet and exercise (n = 117), or control (n = 87). Demographic, health and anthropometric information, aerobic fitness, HRQOL (SF-36), stress (Perceived Stress Scale), depression [Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)-18], anxiety (BSI-18) and social support (Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey) were assessed at baseline and 12 months. The 12-month changes in HRQOL and psychosocial factors were compared using analysis of covariance, adjusting for baseline scores. Multiple regression was used to assess predictors of changes in HRQOL. Results: Twelve-month changes in HRQOL and psychosocial factors differed by intervention group. The combined diet + exercise group improved 4 aspects of HRQOL (physical functioning, role-physical, vitality, and mental health), and stress (p ≤ 0.01 vs. controls). The diet group increased vitality score (p < 0.01 vs. control), while HRQOL did not change differently in the exercise group compared with controls. However, regardless of intervention group, weight loss predicted increased physical functioning, role-physical, vitality, and mental health, while increased aerobic fitness predicted improved physical functioning. Positive changes in depression, stress, and social support were independently associated with increased HRQOL, after adjusting for changes in weight and aerobic fitness. Conclusions: A combined diet and exercise intervention has positive effects on HRQOL and psychological health, which may be greater than that from exercise or diet alone. Improvements in weight, aerobic fitness and psychosocial factors may mediate intervention effects on HRQOL.
PATRIARCH KIRILL AND METROPOLITAN HILARION ON RELIGIOUS CONFLICT AND SECULAR WAR IN UKRAINE: A DIACHRONIC STUDY OF RELIGIOUS LEADERS’ MESSAGES
Creators: name: Kilp, Alar
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: This paper analyses the public messages of Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and Metropolitan Hilarion 30 days before and one hundred days after the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 (hereinafter: invasion). The findings demonstrate that the main speaker for the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter: ROC) on issues related to secular and religious conflicts in Ukraine was Metropolitan Hilarion in the pre-invasion phase and Patriarch Kirill after the invasion had started. Their messages were identical on themes related to the ‘Russian world’ (e.g., that spiritually fraternal peoples do not fight, that war in Ukraine takes place on the Russian territory, or that Russia’s involvement in wars in history and the present day have aimed to liberate or protect spiritually fraternal peoples). They both condemn Western values, blame the West for the imposition of post-Christian values on both Russia and Ukraine, and consider the West to be the cause of both historic and present conflicts with Russia. Patriarch Kirill’s messages change mostly after 3 April 2022 when themes (such as ‘Lenin, divider of historical Russia’, ‘approval’ of Nazi ideology in Ukraine) used by Putin and Lavrov to legitimate the invasion appeared not extensively, but still one by one into Patriarch Kirill’s discourse on Ukraine. In the same period, Hilarion decreases his involvement in public discussions of war in Ukraine and becomes more amicable regarding those Local Orthodox Churches which have recognized the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine (hereinafter OCU). Hilarion’s discourse of the role of the ROC in ‘wartime’ also started to focus on the humanitarian mission and on a proper distance between the mission of the Church and the role of the state. Patriarch Kirill, instead, connected the Church and religion to the Russian effort more directly. He used several frames (e.g., ‘internecine strife’; peace conditioned by the unity of Russians and Ukrainians; war in defence of Russian independence; religious blessing makes [Russian] troops victorious) and a rhetorical style (e.g., religious demonization of the enemy) to emphatically contribute to the legitimacy of the Russian war effort and to the strategic narratives of Putin’s regime. The latter are virtually missing in the discourse of Hilarion.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 20 (2022)
IL17A genetic variation is associated with altered susceptibility to Gram-positive infection and mortality of severe sepsis
Creators: name: Nakada, Taka-Aki
name: Russell, James A.
name: Boyd, John H.
name: Walley, Keith R. (Keith Robert)
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Introduction: Interleukin 17A (IL17A) plays a key role in host defense against microbial infection including Gram-positive bacteria. Genetic factors contribute to the host defense, but the role of IL17A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has not yet been investigated in severe sepsis. Therefore, we hypothesized that SNPs in the IL17A gene alter susceptibility to infection and clinical outcome of severe sepsis. Methods: We tested for the association of IL17A SNPs with susceptibility to infection and clinical outcome of severe sepsis using two cohorts of European ancestry (derivation cohort, St Paul's Hospital (SPH), n = 679; validation cohort, Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial (VASST), n = 517). The primary outcome variable was susceptibility to Gram-positive bacterial infection. The secondary outcome variable was 28-day mortality. Results: Of four tested IL17A tag SNPs (rs4711998, rs8193036, rs2275913, rs1974226), rs1974226 SNP was associated with altered susceptibility to Gram-positive infection in the derivation SPH cohort (corrected P = 0.014). Patients having the rs1974226 GG genotype were more susceptible to Gram-positive infection, compared to AG/AA genotype in the two cohorts of severe sepsis (SPH, P = 0.0036, odds ratio (OR) 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-3.72; VASST, P = 0.011, OR 1.95, 95%CI 1.16-3.27) and in the subgroup having lung infection (P = 0.017, OR 1.90, 95%CI 1.12-3.21). Furthermore, the IL17A rs1974226 G allele was associated with increased 28-day mortality in two cohorts (SPH, adjusted OR 1.44, 95%CI 1.04-2.02, P = 0.029; VASST, adjusted OR 1.67, 95%CI 1.17-2.40, P = 0.0052). Conclusions: IL17A genetic variation is associated with altered susceptibility to Gram-positive infection and 28-day mortality of severe sepsis.
POLAND AS A FRONT-LINE NATION IN THE WAKE OF RUSSIAN AGGRESSION IN UKRAINE
Creators: name: Sliwa, Zdzislaw
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The outbreak of Russian aggression toward Ukraine has created an existential threat for Poland, including a reminiscence of the historical struggle imposed by the Russian Empire and Soviet Russia to safeguard sovereignty. The war has further transformed the perception of the Russian Federation into seeing it as an aggressive nation striving to recreate its spheres of influence. This has been seen especially over the last two decades. This paper* will discuss specific aspects of Poland’s evolution of awareness of Russia as an aggressive nation using military forces to change existing national borders, violating international law and human rights principles, and committing war crimes against the civilian population. This paper is based on official documents and current data about the conflict, but it also reflects changes in Polish public opinion and military support for Ukraine when fighting for freedom and sovereignty.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 20 (2022)
RUSSIAN PROPAGANDA WARS: RUSSIA-UKRAINE 2022
Creators: name: Pocheptsov, Georgy
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Modern wars rely heavily on working with the mass consciousness of both compatriots as well as foreigners. A combating party aims to prove the justness of their actions. Going into war against Ukraine, Russia allegedly tried to achieve demilitarisation and denazification, but in addition to failing to contrive the attack, they also never achieved the desired level of popular support. Propaganda wars resolve what cannot be achieved in the physical world. They can accentuate victory while losing in reality. Propaganda is a virtual space into which its creators are pushed from the physical and informational space. The Soviet experience of propaganda warfare is difficult to repeat today because total propaganda cannot work when the population has access to other sources of information. Contemporary world is not without propaganda; instead, we have a world of multiple propaganda where everyone can find something to prove their individual perception.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 20 (2022)
THE MAIN WAR OF THE CENTURY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Creators: name: Mahda, Yevhen
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: This article is devoted to the preliminary results and pilot analysis of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the next phase of which, in the form of a large-scale invasion, began on 24 February 2022. The author describes and explains key features of the confrontation between Russia and Ukraine, emphasising the propaganda, diplomatic components and the humanitarian aspect of the most significant and bloody war of the beginning of the 21st century.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 20 (2022)
RUSSIAN CAPABILITIES IN CONVENTIONAL HIGH INTENSITY WARFARE. LESSONS FROM THE 2022 INVASION OF UKRAINE
Creators: name: Paier, Anton
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The Russian Federation is today one of the world’s major military powers. The most important component of the Russian military machine is the nuclear Strategic Forces, but conventional forces are also key actors in Russia’s defense and strategic policy. The present article will briefly describe the post-Soviet evolution of Russian conventional forces and their proficiency and effectiveness in the light of the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War. The armed forces inherited from the Soviet Union in the 1990s faced a struggle to maintain even modest capabilities. After Boris Yeltsin handed power to Vladimir Putin in 1999, sustained attempts were made to increase their capabilities. Extensive reforms were made to improve personnel conditions and proficiency, organization and equipment. The Russian military involvement in the Syrian Civil War and in the 2014–2022 Donbas conflict seemed to indicate that substantial progress had been achieved. When Russia launched its invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, military experts expected that the reformed Russian military machine would overwhelm their outmanned and outgunned foes. Contrary to expectations, the Russians suffered decisive setbacks, and despite partial successes in Southern and Eastern Ukraine they are presently embroiled in slow, costly attritional warfare. The operations in the current conflict have evidenced serious shortcomings in organization and in combined arms tactics, suggesting that the reforms have only been partially successful. They also suggest the persistence of problems that the modern Russian armed forces inherited from their predecessors, and this may be rooted in their historical military heritage and in aspects of Russian society that go back a long way in the past. The present conflict offers an opportunity for the military organizations of the Western world to learn important lessons and readdress their defense policies.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 20 (2022)
Apical Localization of Zinc Transporter ZnT4 in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Its Loss in a Murine Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation
Creators: name: Murgia, Chiara
name: Grosser, Dion
name: Truong-Tran, Ai Q.
name: Roscioli, Eugene
name: Michalczyk, Agnes
name: Ackland, Margaret Leigh
name: Stoltenberg, Meredin
name: Danscher, Gorm
name: Lang, Carol
name: Knight, Darryl
name: Perozzi, Giuditta
name: Ruffin, Richard E.
name: Zalewski, Peter
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: The apical cytoplasm of airway epithelium (AE) contains abundant labile zinc (Zn) ions that are involved in the protection of AE from oxidants and inhaled noxious substances. A major question is how dietary Zn traffics to this compartment. In rat airways, in vivo selenite autometallographic (Se-AMG)-electron microscopy revealed labile Zn-selenium nanocrystals in structures resembling secretory vesicles in the apical cytoplasm. This observation was consistent with the starry-sky Zinquin fluorescence staining of labile Zn ions confined to the same region. The vesicular Zn transporter ZnT4 was likewise prominent in both the apical and basal parts of the epithelium both in rodent and human AE, although the apical pools were more obvious. Expression of ZnT4 mRNA was unaffected by changes in the extracellular Zn concentration. However, levels increased 3-fold during growth of cells in air liquid interface cultures and decreased sharply in the presence of retinoic acid. When comparing nasal versus bronchial human AE cells, there were significant positive correlations between levels of ZnT4 from the same subject, suggesting that nasal brushings may allow monitoring of airway Zn transporter expression. Finally, there were marked losses of both basally-located ZnT4 protein and labile Zn in the bronchial epithelium of mice with allergic airway inflammation. This study is the first to describe co-localization of zinc vesicles with the specific zinc transporter ZnT4 in airway epithelium and loss of ZnT4 protein in inflamed airways. Direct evidence that ZnT4 regulates Zn levels in the epithelium still needs to be provided. We speculate that ZnT4 is an important regulator of zinc ion accumulation in secretory apical vesicles and that the loss of labile Zn and ZnT4 in airway inflammation contributes to AE vulnerability in diseases such as asthma.
ELI ERIC Data Policy
Creators: name: Weeks, Allen
name: Szabó, Gábor
name: Hvězda, Roman
name: Gliksohn, Florian
name: Ivănoaica, Teodor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: FAIR Data Policy

description: The Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) is the world’s largest and most advanced high-power laser research infrastructure and a global technology and innovation leader in high-power, high-intensity, and short-pulsed laser systems. As the first international laser research infrastructure dedicated to science and research applications of ultra-intense and ultra-short laser pulses, ELI will provide high quality access to the international research community for prospective applications in medicine, radiography, fusion energy, environment, materials sciences, nanotechnologies, and biochemistry. For a research infrastructure entering into operations such as ELI ERIC, there is an expectation from both users and funding agencies that experimental data will be made available and comply with the FAIR principles. In this context, the data policy, is a key component of the research data management framework, addressing several critical issues that organise the relation with visiting users and the user community in general when it comes to data (ownership, embargo, access to data, storage, curation, etc.). It is also an internal driver pushing ELI to understand data as a service and leverage the value of experimental data. Naturally, this perspective has a direct impact on technological choices made around data management, technological choices which will further define the evolution of the ELI ERIC Scientific Computing and Data Management System (SCDMS).
description: ELI ERIC Fair Data Policy
HOW TO OUTPLAY A “MAD MAN” STRATEGY: LESSONS FROM RUSSIAN AGGRESSION IN UKRAINE
Creators: name: Veebel, Viljar
name: Ploom, Illimar
name: Sazonov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: To choose an effective strategy to stop Vladimir Putin and Russia’s aggressive ambitions and imperialistic policy, Western political and military leaders first need to understand Russia’s modus operandi and strategic logic of the Kremlin and Putin’s regime goals. The current article focuses on the hypothesis that Putin is a rational person who is behaving like the Russian version of a “mad man”. In this case, the mad man strategy and other game theory models could be used to force Russian leaders to accept Western demands and analyse the advantages and disadvantages that the Russian version of the mad man strategy would offer to Russia and how the West could respond to it. Why did Putin eventually choose to act in this manner, and could the West have other more beneficial or less violent options on the table? What went wrong in terms of Russian strategy, and how could this be used to force Russia to abandon its aggressive ambitions in Ukraine and in neighboring countries in the post-soviet space? What else can be expected from Putin and his circle, and how should the West respond to Russia’s maneuvers, aggressive policy and Kremlin-backed security threats? The article also contributes to the discussion of how similar “mad man” situations might be interpreted and resolved in future international conflicts.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 20 (2022)
THE BACKGROUND AND ANATOMY OF RUSSIAN MILITARY AGGRESSION IN UKRAINE
Creators: name: Sazonov, Vladimir
name: Saumets, Andres
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The current volume entitled “The Background and Anatomy of Russian Aggression” is the first volume of the announced series “Putin’s war in Ukraine” which will discuss issues and topics related to Putin and Russian military aggression in Ukraine, especially focusing on the background of this large-scale war which Russia launched on 24 February 2022. However, the Russian war against Ukraine started back in 2014 (annexing Crimea and creating the terrorist quasi-states the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Lugansk People’s Republic in the Donbass region).1 No war has been this large, caused this much destruction or forced this many people to live as refugees since 1945, after the Second World War ended in Europe.


 
 
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 20 (2022)
75 Jahre Flugzeugbaustudium in Hamburg : Jubiläum am 4. Juni 2010
Creators: name: Scholz, Dieter
Publisher: name: HAW Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Flugzeugbau
subject: Studium
subject: Hamburg
subject: HAW Hamburg
subject: Technische Staatslehranstalten zu Hamburg
subject: Kolloquium
subject: Luftfahrtcluster
subject: Leichtbau
subject: Flugzeugentwurf
subject: Kabine
subject: Kabinensysteme
subject: Hamburger Flugzeugbau
subject: HFB
subject: Lufthansa
subject: Lufthansa Technik
subject: Flughafen Hamburg
subject: Fachhochschule Hamburg
subject: Finkenwerder
subject: 620: Ingenieurwissenschaften

description: Im Jahr 2010 wurde der Flugzeugbau an der HAW Hamburg 75 Jahre alt. 1935 wurde der Flugzeugbau als neue Abteilung an den Technischen Staatslehranstalten zu Hamburg, eine der Vorläufer der HAW Hamburg, gegründet. Am 4. Juni 2010 wurde das Jubiläum gefeiert mit Fachkolloquium, Senatsempfang und Jubiläumsparty. Eine Festschrift war erstellt worden. Die Beiträge des Kolloquiums beschrieben die Wurzeln des Flugzeugbaustudiums in einer schwierigen Zeit, den Neubeginn und seine Erfolgsgeschichte. Sie strichen die Schwerpunkte des Flugzeugbaus an der HAW Hamburg heraus und machten die Vernetzung mit Partnern aus Wissenschaft, Industrie und Politik deutlich. Nicht zuletzt beleuchtete das Kolloquium die Herausforderungen, denen wir uns in der Zukunft stellen müssen. Die Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg hatte zu einem Senatsempfang in das A380 Delivery Center Jürgen Thomas auf dem Airbus-Gelände in Hamburg-Finkenwerder eingeladen. Mitglieder des Departments und ihre Begleitperson waren dann zusammen mit vielen Gästen zur anschließenden Jubiläumsparty eingeladen. Das Jubiläum war eine Mischung aus fachlicher Substanz, Repräsentation und ausgelassener Feier.
INVENTING MILITARY HISTORY TEACHING IN ESTONIAN MILITARY EDUCATION 1919–1940: APPROACHES, TOOLS, AND METHODS
Creators: name: Kopõtin, Igor
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: This article analyses the teaching of military history in the Estonian army during the interwar period. The author argues that the basic concepts of military history teaching—the purpose, thematic distribution, and teaching methods— were developed by the former professor of the Czarist military academy, Gen. Lt. Aleksei Baiov, who stressed that history, along with strategy, constitutes the core of military science. However, Baiov and other Russian émigrés were heavily criticised by the Estonian commanders, particularly Gen. Nikolai Reek who estimated that a small country such as Estonia does not need a school of strategy. In the background, there was a theoretical clash between the old generation of bayonet tactics and the new generation of fire and movement transferred from pre-war Czarist Russia. Even though Baiov was fired in 1926, Reek’s reforms that subordinated history to the needs of tactical training remained incomplete even by the end of the 1930s. A number of questions about the utility and substance of military history remained unresolved. These have not been settled in Estonian officer education even today


 
 
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 19 (2022)
Innovation Report (release 1)
Creators: name: Grillo, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Q-sort

description: This document is the release 1 of the Innovation Report. A second and final version is due in March of 2021. In this report, a general overview of the electron microscopy market is given, indicating in which areas the Qsort technologies will become important. General categories of use-cases are described, as well as a general market adoption path. The Qsort technologies are put in the context of alternative techniques which have similar aims. An overview is provided of the first innovations which have been reported by all partners concerned during the first 24 months of the project. Going forward, the Qsort innovations will be pursued and tested on relevant samples, and benchmarked against alternative techniques. General electron microscopy conferences, as well as the specially organize Qsort symposia, provide an excellent platform to discuss progress in this context. It is expected that more innovations will be reported in the second half of the project, when ongoing scientific findings will be converted into potential product-ideas.
COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFORMATION INFLUENCE IN THE BALTIC STATES: A COMPARISON OF APPROACHES ADOPTED IN ESTONIA, LATVIA, AND LITHUANIA
Creators: name: Voltri, Johannes
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: Since 2016, various studies have been conducted and articles published on the characteristics, prevalence, and causes of information influence activities (primarily regarding mis- and disinformation) but very few have studied the means that democratic countries have to counter information influence. The main objective of this article1 is to examine and compare the approaches adopted by Estonian, Lithuanian, and Latvian governments in responding to Russian information influence activities. The article will concurrently provide a comprehensive overview of the countermeasures applied by these three small countries. The author examines how the Baltic States perceive responding to information influence activities in strategic documentation, focusing on three areas: the general composition of strategic communication, the integration of media literacy into national curricula, and media policy and other regulative activities.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 19 (2022)
Variation in chromosome copy number influences the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans and occurs in isolates from AIDS patients
Creators: name: Hu, Guanggan
name: Wang, Joyce
name: Choi, Jaehyuk
name: Jung, Won H.
name: Liu, Iris
name: Litvintseva, Anastasia P.
name: Bicanic, Tihana
name: Aurora, Rajeev
name: Mitchell, Thomas G.
name: Perfect, John R.
name: Kronstad, James Warren
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background. The adaptation of pathogenic fungi to the host environment via large-scale genomic changes is a poorly characterized phenomenon. Cryptococcus neoformans is the leading cause of fungal meningoencephalitis in HIV/AIDS patients, and we recently discovered clinical strains of the fungus that are disomic for chromosome 13. Here, we examined the genome plasticity and phenotypes of monosomic and disomic strains, and compared their virulence in a mouse model of cryptococcosis Results In an initial set of strains, melanin production was correlated with monosomy at chromosome 13, and disomic variants were less melanized and attenuated for virulence in mice. After growth in culture or passage through mice, subsequent strains were identified that varied in melanin formation and exhibited copy number changes for other chromosomes. The correlation between melanin and disomy at chromosome 13 was observed for some but not all strains. A survey of environmental and clinical isolates maintained in culture revealed few occurrences of disomic chromosomes. However, an examination of isolates that were freshly collected from the cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients and minimally cultured provided evidence for infections with multiple strains and copy number variation. Conclusions Overall, these results suggest that the genome of C. neoformans exhibits a greater degree of plasticity than previously appreciated. Furthermore, the expression of an essential virulence factor and the severity of disease are associated with genome variation. The occurrence of chromosomal variation in isolates from AIDS patients, combined with the observed influence of disomy on virulence, indicates that genome plasticity may have clinical relevance.
Evidence for widespread changes in promoter methylation profile in human placenta in response to increasing gestational age and environmental/stochastic factors
Creators: name: Novakovic, Boris
name: Yuen, Ryan K.
name: Gordon, Lavinia
name: Penaherrera, Maria S.
name: Sharkey, Andrew
name: Moffett, Ashley
name: Craig, Jeffrey M.
name: Robinson, Wendy P.
name: Saffery, Richard
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: The human placenta facilitates the exchange of nutrients, gas and waste between the fetal and maternal circulations. It also protects the fetus from the maternal immune response. Due to its role at the feto-maternal interface, the placenta is subject to many environmental exposures that can potentially alter its epigenetic profile. Previous studies have reported gene expression differences in placenta over gestation, as well as inter-individual variation in expression of some genes. However, the factors contributing to this variation in gene expression remain poorly understood. Results: In this study, we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of gene promoters in placenta tissue from three pregnancy trimesters. We identified large-scale differences in DNA methylation levels between first, second and third trimesters, with an overall progressive increase in average methylation from first to third trimester. The most differentially methylated genes included many immune regulators, reflecting the change in placental immuno-modulation as pregnancy progresses. We also detected increased inter-individual variation in the third trimester relative to first and second, supporting an accumulation of environmentally induced (or stochastic) changes in DNA methylation pattern. These highly variable genes were enriched for those involved in amino acid and other metabolic pathways, potentially reflecting the adaptation of the human placenta to different environments. Conclusions: The identification of cellular pathways subject to drift in response to environmental influences provide a basis for future studies examining the role of specific environmental factors on DNA methylation pattern and placenta-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.
ANTITHETICAL IDENTITY FORMATION IN THE STRATEGIC NARRATIVES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Creators: name: Tamm, Daniel
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The objective of this article is to analyse collective identity formation as a strategic narrative, focusing on a specific case where identity is formulated by casting the enemy as antithetic. The article outlines discursive strategies that justify and preserve an antithetical identity and describes the inherent dangers of these strategies, the prime example being a potential security dilemma. The author also proposes ways to relieve these kinds of security dilemmas. The theoretical framework is illustrated with a brief meta-analysis of the foreign policy discourse of Russia, foregrounding its strategic narratives and their antithetical dimension.


 
 
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 19 (2022)
Assessing the determinants of agricultural commercialization and challenges confronting cassava farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Otekunrin, Olutosin A.
name: Ayinde, Idris A.
name: Sanusi, Rahman A.
name: Otekunrin, Oluwaseun A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 70106 Farm Management, Rural Management and Agribusiness
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences
subject: 70108 Sustainable Agricultural Development

description: This study assesses the agricultur al commercialization levels, determinants and challenges confronting smallholder cassava farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. This study was conducted in Oyo State, Nigeria employing cross-sectional data from 211 farmers using multi-stage sampling procedure.
A Hierarchy of DSMLs in Support of Product Life-Cycle Assessment
Creators: name: Nolte, Mario
name: Kaczmarek-Heß, Monika
name: Fritsch, Andreas
name: Betz, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2019

description: To support understanding and analysis of sustainability related aspects in organizations (e.g., via an assessment of a product’s life-cycle from the cradle to the grave), various instruments, among others, in the field of conceptual modeling, have been proposed. Although existing tools and languages are, to some extent, indeed supporting the product Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA), our investigations show that a hierarchy of Domain-Specific Modeling Languages(DSMLs) is needed to satisfy advanced requirements. In this paper, as an innovation for the field of LCA, we propose an application of multi-level language architecture to design a hierarchy of DSMLs encompassing concepts for LCAs that can be detailed to specific industrial domains and local needs of enterprises. This enables a new generation of instruments allowing users to use and refine concepts, corresponding to their specific needs.
HOW RUSSIA DEFLECTS ACCUSATIONS OF CYBERATTACKS AND DISINFORMATION CAMPAIGNS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RHETORICAL STRATEGIES OF RT
Creators: name: Koppel, Julius
name: Hansson, Sten
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The government of the Russian Federation is using cyberattacks and information operations against other countries for geopolitical purposes1 . Despite being criticised by international communities, Russia deflects all accusations by justifying its behaviour. To better understand the strategic communication of Russia we analysed the ways in which the largest Russian state-funded international news portal RT.com portrays accusations of cyber- and disinformation attacks. According to our analysis, the articles in RT deflect blame from Russia primarily in four ways: (1) accusations are described as groundless and evidence non-existent; (2) accusers are portrayed as malignant and Russia as the victim; (3) accusers are portrayed as unreliable or ridiculous; and (4) the audience is distracted or made to question the accusations.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 19 (2022)
DO SMALL STATES NEED A BALANCED FLEET?
Creators: name: Urb, Taavi
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: According to Milan Vego, a renowned naval warfare historian and theoretician from Bosnia and Herzegovina, “Failure to build a balanced fleet has in the past created many difficulties in accomplishing strategic objectives in a war at sea.” However, it is worth asking if this statement also applies to small states. It is widely accepted that a balanced fleet would benefit a maritime nation; however, the same may not always apply to small states with little ambitions, limited resources, and some specific problems. The current revolution in military affairs and past budget cuts have made it increasingly harder to maintain a capable fleet. This raises the question of whether small states should try to build a balanced fleet or are there any other, better, options.


 
 
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 19 (2022)
Cross-stitched Stones: Untangling Gender and Ritual from the "Simple Lattice" Motif at Uxmal
Creators: name: Cannon, Cassidy
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2024

description:
My thesis focuses on the simple lattice or cross-stitch motif that is present throughout the design program at the Classic Maya site of Uxmal. I use the Nunnery Quadrangle building group to address imposed gender association that have evolved during its study. I argue that the layering of craft practices referenced in the facades' making have been under-considered and point to an alternative interpretation of Classic Maya gender and relationships that call Western-derived gender categories and power structures into question.
FUTURE MARITIME DEFENCE SCENARIOS IN ESTONIA
Creators: name: Roosipuu, Tauri
Publisher: name: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies
Year: 2024

description: The issues of organising Estonian maritime defence have been subject to publications since Estonia regained independence but have not yet been acknowledged either on a governmental or a societal level and no fundamental rearrangements have been made so far. The objective of this article1 is to propose two extreme hypothetical scenarios in the perspective of the next thirty years, both positive and negative, based on the current state of Estonian maritime defence. The first, black scenario is based on the assumption that the next decades will bring about negative developments and Estonian maritime defence will significantly deteriorate. The second, white scenario is based on the opposite assumption of positive developments and a major improvement in Estonian maritime defence. The distinct difference between the two scenarios should, again, draw attention to the facts that ignoring the issues of Estonian maritime defence may have fatal consequences and that it will be entirely possible to establish a well-functioning maritime defence over the following decades.
description: The Estonian Journal of Military Studies, No. 19 (2022)
Transcendental Leadership in Leader’s Strategies Management Under the 21st Century Dynamics Era
Creators: name: Pornchai Jedaman
Publisher: name: DR.KEN Institute of Academic Development and Promotion
Year: 2022
Subjects: Leader
Transcendental Leadership
Strategies Management
the 21st Century Dynamics Era

description: Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal, 2, 3, 27-44
Participatory Community Economic Development using Organic Agriculture in Nong Hee Subdistrict, Nong Hi District, Roi Et Province
Creators: name: Danaya Songkarin
Publisher: name: DR.KEN Institute of Academic Development and Promotion
Year: 2022
Subjects: Learning Process
Reducing the use of Chemicals
Organic Agriculture

description: Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal, 2, 3, 45-60