cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evolution of cooperation among tumor cells
Creators: name: Axelrod, Robert
name: Axelrod, David E.
name: Pienta, Kenneth J.
Publisher: name: National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2006
Subjects: Carcinogenesis
Cancer
Hallmarks

description: The evolution of cooperation has a well established theoretical framework based on game theory. This approach has made valuable contributions to a wide variety of disciplines, including political science, economics, and evolutionary biology. Existing cancer theory suggests that individual clones of cancer cells evolve independently from one another, acquiring all of the genetic traits or hallmarks necessary to form a malignant tumor. It is also now recognized that tumors are heterotypic, with cancer cells interacting with normal stromal cells within the issue microenvironment, including endothelial, stromal, and nerve cells. This tumor cell???stromal cell interaction in itself is a form of commensalism, because it has been demonstrated that these nonmalignant cells support and even enable tumor growth. Here, we add to this theory by regarding tumor cells as game players whose interactions help to determine their Darwinian fitness. We marshal evidence that tumor cells overcome certain host defenses by means of diffusible products. Our original contribution is to raise the possibility that two nearby cells can protect each other from a set of host defenses that neither could survive alone. Cooperation can evolve as byproduct mutualism among genetically diverse tumor cells. Our hypothesis supplements, but does not supplant, the traditional view of carcinogenesis in which one clonal population of cells develops all of the necessary genetic traits independently to form a tumor. Cooperation through the sharing of diffusible products raises new questions about tumorigenesis and has implications for understanding observed phenomena, designing new experiments, and developing new therapeutic approaches.
Kalb-Ramond field induced cosmological bounce in generalized teleparallel gravity
Creators: name: Nair, Krishnanand K.
name: Arun, Mathew Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the important open questions in high-energy physics is to understand the lack of evidence of Kalb-Ramond (KR) field, in particular in the present day cosmology. In this paper we aim to address this issue by showing that a bounce scenario in the evolution of the Universe strongly advocates their elusiveness, even if their energy density was very large to start with. We consider the Kalb-Ramond field and its effects in the context of generalized teleparallel gravity in (3+1) dimensions. Teleparallel gravity is a description of gravitation in which the tetrads are the dynamical degrees of freedom, and the torsion arising from fields with spin are accommodated naturally as field strength tensors. In order to describe the coupling prescription, we address the correct generalization of the Fock-Ivanenko derivative operator for an n-form tensor field. By varying with respect to the tetrads, this rank-2 field is shown to source the teleparallel equivalent of Einstein's equations. We study the possibility of reproducing two well-known cosmological bounce scenarios, namely, symmetric bounce and matter bounce in four-dimensional spacetime with with the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric and observe that the solution requires the KR field energy density to be localized near the bounce. The crucial result in our work is that this feature also naturally explains the lack of cosmological evidence of the rank-2 field in the present day Universe for the matter-bounce scenario. Thus, among the bouncing cosmologies, latter is favored over the former.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures; Published version
Overview of alternative technologies for (meta)data aggregation
Creators: name: Raemy, Julien A.
name: Freire, Nuno
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cultural heritage
IIIF
Data aggregation
OAI-PMH
EDM
Europeana
Schema.org
Europeana Common Culture
Linked Open Data
ResourceSync

description: Overview of alternative technologies for (meta)data aggregation in Europeana Recording: https://vimeo.com/410919947/3023e31d7c
title: Reflections on the Legality of Attacks Against the Natural Environment by Way of Reprisals
Creators: name: Pantazopoulos, Stavros-Evdokimos
Publisher: name: Institute for International and European Law, University of Göttingen
Year: 2020

description: The paper examines the concept of belligerent reprisals and assesses the legality of attacking the environment by way of reprisals. The law of belligerent reprisals, which is linked to the principle of reciprocity, allows one belligerent State unlawfully injured by another to react by means of what under normal circumstances would constitute a violation of the jus in bello, so as to induce the violating State to comply with the law. The instances of lawful recourse to reprisals have been considerably limited, since their application is either explicitly prohibited against certain protected persons and objects, including against the natural environment, or is subject to stringent conditions according to customary International Humanitarian Law (IHL).Despite its narrowing scope, the doctrine of reprisals remains a valid concept under the existing legal framework. For one, the state of affairs under customary international law with respect to reprisals directed at civilian objects (including against parts of the environment), subject to certain rigorous conditions, remains unclear. To complicate matters even further, any proposition on the status of reprisals in the context of a non-international armed conflict (NIAC) is shrouded in controversy, as there is no relevant treaty provision. In this regard, the present author endorses the approach espoused in the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Study on Customary IHL, namely to altogether prohibit resort to reprisals in the context of a NIAC. Turning to the status of reprisals against the natural environment under customary IHL, it is argued that a prohibition of attacks against the natural environment by way of reprisals is in the process of formation with respect to the use of weapons other than nuclear ones. All things considered, the International Law Commission (ILC) was confronted with an uncomfortable situation in the context of its work on the ‘Protection of the Environment in Relation to Armed Conflicts’. By sticking to the verbatim reproduction of Article 55(2) of Additional Protocol I, the ILC chose the proper course of action, since any other formulation would not only undercut a significant treaty provision, but might also result in the normative standard of conduct being lowered.
description: Goettingen Journal of International Law ; Vol. 10, no. 1, page 47-66
description: Special Issue: Enhancing the Protection of the Environment in Relation to Armed Conflicts – the Draft Principles of the International Law Commission and Beyond
Theory of Harmonic Hall Responses of Spin-Torque Driven Antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Zhang, Hantao
name: Cheng, Ran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Harmonic analysis is a powerful tool to characterize and quantify current-induced torques acting on magnetic materials, but so far it remains an open question in studying antiferromagnets. Here we formulate a general theory of harmonic Hall responses of collinear antiferromagnets driven by current-induced torques including both field-like and damping-like components. By scanning a magnetic field of variable strength in three orthogonal planes, we are able to distinguish the contributions from field-like torque, damping-like torque, and concomitant thermal effects by analyzing the second harmonic signals in the Hall voltage. The analytical expressions of the first and second harmonics as functions of the magnetic field direction and strength are confirmed by numerical simulations with good agreement. We demonstrate our predictions in two prototype antiferromagnets, $α-$Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ and NiO, providing direct and general guidance to current and future experiments.
Student loan debt, family support, and reciprocity in the transition to adulthood
Creators: name: Mazelis, Joan Maya
name: Kuperberg, Arielle
Publisher: name: Sage
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: student loan debt; family support; reciprocity; transition to adulthood; inequality
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This study explores student loans, family support, and reciprocity during the transition out of college into adulthood. We examine experiences of family financial assistance and co-living among college students and graduates with loans, and whether support and reciprocity systematically differed by loan presence. We conducted four waves of qualitative interviews with college graduates with loans at two public universities, in their senior year and annually for three years after graduation (N=24 participants, 72 interviews), and collected two rounds of survey data with undergraduates (N=3251) and graduates 15 months after graduation (N=176) from the same universities. Financial support from and living with family was common. Those with loans gave more money to family, even when they did not live with them. Interviews revealed that reciprocity, or expectations to help family in return for help received, could be burdensome. Findings indicate that receiving help may prolong-but also facilitate-the transition to adulthood.
The influence of socialisation agents and individual factors on healthy lifestyle behaviours of Generation Y
Creators: name: Mohajerani, Pardis
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The rates of mortality are increasing owing to obesity; hence having preventive programs seems to be crucial. By adopting a Social Ecological perspective, the focus of this study is to investigate three important determinants of Gen Y’s healthy lifestyle behaviours (healthy eating and physical activity): media, social, and individual. The findings of this study would help to adopt effective health promotion strategies which can be used to enhance healthy eating and physical activity in Gen Y. Hence reducing the possibility of diseases and mortality rates.
Data-flow-based testing of object-oriented libraries
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Ramkrishna
name: Ryder, Barbara G.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 1999

description: Data-flow-based testing is a well-established approach to program testing. Much object-oriented code is written as libraries; hence data-flow-based testing of object-oriented libraries is of great importance. However, finding def-use relationships in libraries written in object-oriented languages (e.g., Java and C++) is difficult because of unknown aliasing between parameters, unknown concrete types of the parameters, dynamic dispatch, and exceptions. We present the first algorithm for finding def-use relationships in object-oriented libraries that overcomes the above difficulties. We also show how the information computed by our algorithm can be used in generating relevant test cases. Our algorithm is flow- and context-sensitive and based on our earlier points-to analysis [CRL99]
Fabry Cardiomyopathy: Current Practice and Future Directions
Creators: name: Yim, Jeffrey
name: Yau, Olivia
name: Yeung, Darwin
name: Tsang, Teresa S. M.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the galactosidase A (GLA) gene that result in deficient galactosidase A enzyme and subsequent accumulation of glycosphingolipids throughout the body. The result is a multi-system disorder characterized by cutaneous, corneal, cardiac, renal, and neurological manifestations. Increased left ventricular wall thickness represents the predominant cardiac manifestation of FD. As the disease progresses, patients may develop arrhythmias, advanced conduction abnormalities, and heart failure. Cardiac biomarkers, point-of-care dried blood spot testing, and advanced imaging modalities including echocardiography with strain imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T1 mapping now allow us to detect Fabry cardiomyopathy much more effectively than in the past. While enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been the mainstay of treatment, several promising therapies are now in development, making early diagnosis of FD even more crucial. Ongoing initiatives involving artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered interpretation of echocardiographic images, point-of-care dried blood spot testing in the echocardiography laboratory, and widespread dissemination of point-of-care ultrasound devices to community practices to promote screening may lead to more timely diagnosis of FD. Fabry disease should no longer be considered a rare, untreatable disease, but one that can be effectively identified and treated at an early stage before the development of irreversible end-organ damage.
The Violation of the Lipman-Zariski conjecture in positive characteristic
Creators: name: Graf, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the failure of the Lipman-Zariski conjecture in positive characteristic. For rational double points, the conjecture holds true except for a short finite list of exceptions. For log canonical surface singularities, the conjecture continues to hold with the same list of exceptions under an additional tameness hypothesis. In particular, among rational double points in characteristic $p \ge 7$ Lipman's counterexample is the only one, and the conjecture holds for all tame $F$-pure normal surface singularities.
description: Final version
Landscape of heavy baryons from the perspective of the chiral quark-soliton model
Creators: name: Polyakov, Maxim V.
name: Praszalowicz, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ the chiral quark-soliton model and the heavy quark symmetry to describe spectra of charm and beauty baryons. Heavy baryons can be classified according to the SU(3) representations of the light sector. We argue that recently discovered $Ξ_b$ states can be interpreted as negative parity excited anti-triplets or sextets, and the $Σ_b$ states as negative parity sextets. Consequences of such assignments for the decay patterns are discussed and also predictions of masses of the yet unmeasured sextet members are given.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures. In v2 new paragraph V.C added. References updated and added. Minor corrections including title. Version accepted in PRD
Improving the quality of geriatric nursing care: Enduring outcomes from the Geriatric Nursing Education Consortium
Creators: name: Stanley, Joan
name: Watman, Rachel
name: Shire, Amy
name: Sofaer, Shoshanna
name: Mezey, Mathy
name: Gray-Miceli, Deanna
name: Wilson, Laurie Dodge
Publisher: name: Elseiver
Year: 2014
Subjects: Geriatric nursing--Study and teaching
Geriatric Nursing--education
Faculty, Nursing
Faculty training
Career development
Baccalaureate nursing education

description: The nation's aging demographics, few nursing faculty with gero-expertise, and insufficient geriatric content in nursing programs has created a national imperative to increase the supply of nurses qualified to provide care for older adults. GNEC, the Geriatric Nursing Education Consortium, a collaborative program of the John A. Hartford Foundation, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, and the NYU Nursing Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing was initiated to provide faculty with the necessary skills, knowledge, and competency to implement sustainable curricular innovations in care of older adults. This article describes the background, processes, and development of GNEC evidence-based curricular materials, and the dissemination of these materials through six, two and a half day national Faculty Development Institutes (FDIs). Eight hundred eight faculty, representing 418 schools of nursing, attended an FDI. A total of 479 individuals responded to an evaluation conducted by Baruch College that showed faculty feasibility to incorporate GNEC content into courses, confidence in teaching and incorporating content, and overall high rating of the GNEC materials. The impact of GNEC is discussed along with effects on faculty participants over two years. Administrative and faculty level recommendations to sustain and expand GNEC are highlighted.
Crystal structure evolution in the van der Waals transition metal trihalides
Creators: name: Kratochvilova, Marie
name: Dolezal, Petr
name: Hovancik, David
name: Pospisil, Jiri
name: Bendova, Anezka
name: Dusek, Michal
name: Holy, Vaclav
name: Sechovsky, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most transition-metal trihalides are dimorphic. The representative chromium-based triad, CrCl3, CrBr3, CrI3, is characterized by the low-temperature phase adopting the trigonal BiI3 type while the structure of the high-temperature phase is monoclinic of AlCl3 type (C2/m). The structural transition between the two crystallographic phases is of the first-order type with large thermal hysteresis in CrCl3 and CrI3. We studied crystal structures and structural phase transitions of vanadium-based counterparts VCl3, VBr3, and VI3 by measuring specific heat, magnetization, and X-ray diffraction as functions of temperature and observed an inverse situation. In these cases, the high-temperature phase has a higher symmetry while the low-temperature structure reveals a lower symmetry. The structural phase transition between them shows no measurable hysteresis in contrast to CrX3. Possible relations of the evolution of the ratio c/a of the unit cell parameters, types of crystal structures, and nature of the structural transitions in V and Cr trihalides are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter (2022)
Biogenic amorphous ferric hydroxide as adsorbent for vanadium removal in drinking water production
Creators: name: Dippon-Deissler, Urs
name: Mahringer, Daniel
name: Ruhl, Aki Sebastian
name: Zerelli, Sami Sofiene
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Adsorption

description: Vanadium as toxic heavy metal is a drinking water relevant contaminant. However, there is a lack in treatment processes to meet regulatory requirements (e.g. 4 g l-1 in Germany). This study introduces a novel treatment process - the vanadium adsorption onto biogenic amorphous ferric hydroxide (AFH). Basic mechanisms of adsorption onto AFH are described and compared to granular ferric hydroxide (GFH). Adsorption kinetics and pH dependent isotherms in drinking and ultrapure water, parametrization via the empirical Freundlich and Langmuir models, and bond type and strength assessments via sequential extraction are presented. AFH was generated in pilot waterworks in which Fe(II) and oxygen were dosed and subsequently Fe(II) microbiologically oxidized and precipitated in the filter bed. The backwash-water was collected and used for adsorption experiments. Sequential extraction was executed with vanadium loaded AFH produced in the pilot plant. AFH is identified as alternative adsorbent to GFH with similar affinity and capacity. The isotherms cover a concentration range from 10 g l-1 to 4 mg l-1 and the Freundlich model showed a better fit with the experimental data than the Langmuir model. A bidentate mononuclear inner sphere complex is assumed for vanadium adsorption onto AFH, while a bidentate binuclear inner sphere complex is expected for GFH. Sequential extraction showed a strong bond between AFH and vanadium, which was only mobilized by the last extraction step the dissolution of iron particles. A treatment process - adsorption onto biogenic AFH - is suitable for effective vanadium removal and should be further investigated for technical implementation. © 2023 The Author(s).
Surface Errors Without Semantic Impairment in Acquired Dyslexia: A Voxel-Based Lesion-Symptom Mapping Study
Creators: name: Graves, William W.
name: Binder, Jeffrey R.
name: Pillay, Sara B.
name: Humphries, Colin
name: Gross, William L.
name: Book, Diane S.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Reading
Alexia
Brain mapping
Semantics
Phonology

description: Patients with surface dyslexia have disproportionate difficulty pronouncing irregularly spelled words (e.g., pint), suggesting impaired use of lexical-semantic information to mediate phonological retrieval. Patients with this deficit also make characteristic "regularization" errors, in which an irregularly spelled word is mispronounced by incorrect application of regular spelling-sound correspondences (e.g., reading plaid as "played"), indicating over-reliance on sublexical grapheme-phoneme correspondences. We examined the neuroanatomical correlates of this specific error type in 45 left hemisphere chronic stroke patients. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) showed a strong positive relationship between the rate of regularization errors and damage to the posterior half of the left middle temporal gyrus. Semantic deficits on tests of single-word comprehension were generally mild, and these deficits were not correlated with the rate of regularization errors. Furthermore, the deep occipital-temporal white matter locus associated with these mild semantic deficits was distinct from the lesion site associated with regularization errors. Thus, in contrast to patients with surface dyslexia and semantic impairment from anterior temporal lobe degeneration, surface errors in our patients were not related to a semantic deficit. We propose that these patients have an inability to link intact semantic representations with phonological representations. The data provide novel evidence for a post-semantic mechanism mediating the production of surface errors, and suggest that the posterior middle temporal gyrus may compute an intermediate representation linking semantics with phonology.
DASTURIY TA'MINOT KORXONALARI RIVOJLANTIRISH MASALALARI
Creators: name: Razzakov, Maxmud
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Dasturiy ta'minot sanoati bugungi raqamli jamiyatning ajralmas qismini tashkil etadi. Har bir soha – ta'lim, sog‘liqni saqlash, moliya, transport, davlat boshqaruvi – bevosita yoki bilvosita dasturiy ta'minotga tayanadi. Shu sababli, bu sohaga ixtisoslashgan korxonalar rivojlanishi butun iqtisodiyot barqarorligi va samaradorligiga bevosita ta'sir ko‘rsatadi. Ammo bu rivojlanish bir tekisda, muammosiz kechayotgani yo‘q. Dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiqaruvchi korxonalar global miqyosda tez o‘zgaruvchan talablar, raqobatning kuchayishi, texnologik murakkablik va yuqori sifatga bo‘lgan ehtiyoj oldida turli darajadagi tashkiliy, texnik va inson omillari bilan bog‘liq muammolarga duch kelmoqda.
Direct First PSP Observation of the Interaction of Two Successive Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections in November 2020
Creators: name: Nieves-Chinchilla, Teresa
name: Alzate, Nathalia
name: Cremades, Hebe
name: Rodriguez-Garcia, Laura
name: Santos, Luiz F. G. Dos
name: Narock, Ayris
name: Xie, Hong
name: Krupar, Adam Szabo Vratislav
name: Pulupa, Marc
name: Lario, David
name: Stevens, Michael L.
name: Palmerio, Erika
name: Wilson, Lynn B.
name: Kwon, Katharine K. Reeves Ryun-Young
name: Mays, M. Leila
name: Cyr, O. Chris St.
name: Hess, Phillip
name: Seaton, Daniel B.
name: Niembro, Tatiana
name: Bale, Stuart D.
name: Kasper, Justin C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of the evolutionary processes in the internal magnetic structure of two interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) detected in situ between 2020 November 29 and December 1 by Parker Solar Probe (PSP). The sources of the ICMEs were observed remotely at the Sun in EUV and subsequently tracked to their coronal counterparts in white light. This period is of particular interest to the community since it has been identified as the first widespread solar energetic particle event of Solar Cycle 25. The distribution of various solar and heliospheric-dedicated spacecraft throughout the inner heliosphere during PSP observations of these large-scale magnetic structures enables a comprehensive analysis of the internal evolution and topology of such structures. By assembling different models and techniques, we identify the signatures of interaction between the two consecutive ICMEs and the implications for their internal structure. We use multispacecraft observations in combination with a remote-sensing forward modeling technique, numerical propagation models, and in-situ reconstruction techniques. The outcome, from the full reconciliations, demonstrates that the two CMEs are interacting in the vicinity of PSP. Thus, we identify the in-situ observations based on the physical processes that are associated with the interaction and collision of both CMEs. We also expand the flux rope modeling and in-situ reconstruction technique to incorporate the aging and expansion effects in a distorted internal magnetic structure and explore the implications of both effects in the magnetic configuration of the ICMEs.
Multi-level modeling for engineering design optimization
Creators: name: Ellman, Thomas
name: Keane, John
name: Schwabacher, Mark
name: Yao, Ke-Thia
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 1996

description: Physical systems can be modeled at many levels of approximation. The right model depends on the problem or subproblem to be solved. In many cases, a combination of models will be more effective than a single model alone. Our research investigates this idea in the context of engineering design optimization. We present a family of strategies for using multiple models to optimize engineering designs. The strategies are useful when multiple approximations of an objective function can be implemented by compositional modeling techniques. We show how a compositional modeling library can be used to construct a variety of locally calibratable approximation schemes that can be incorporated into the optimization strategies. We analyze the optimization strategies and approximation schemes to formulate and prove sufficient conditions for correctness and convergence. We also report experimental tests of our methods in the domain of sailing yacht design. Our results demonstrate a dramatic reduction in the CPU time required for optimization, with no significant loss in design quality.
You Only Demonstrate Once: Category-Level Manipulation from Single Visual Demonstration
Creators: name: Wen, Bowen
name: Lian, Wenzhao
name: Bekris, Kostas
name: Schaal, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Promising results have been achieved recently in category-level manipulation that generalizes across object instances. Nevertheless, it often requires expensive real-world data collection and manual specification of semantic keypoints for each object category and task. Additionally, coarse keypoint predictions and ignoring intermediate action sequences hinder adoption in complex manipulation tasks beyond pick-and-place. This work proposes a novel, category-level manipulation framework that leverages an object-centric, category-level representation and model-free 6 DoF motion tracking. The canonical object representation is learned solely in simulation and then used to parse a category-level, task trajectory from a single demonstration video. The demonstration is reprojected to a target trajectory tailored to a novel object via the canonical representation. During execution, the manipulation horizon is decomposed into longrange, collision-free motion and last-inch manipulation. For the latter part, a category-level behavior cloning (CatBC) method leverages motion tracking to perform closed-loop control. CatBC follows the target trajectory, projected from the demonstration and anchored to a dynamically selected category-level coordinate frame. The frame is automatically selected along the manipulation horizon by a local attention mechanism. This framework allows to teach different manipulation strategies by solely providing a single demonstration, without complicated manual programming. Extensive experiments demonstrate its efficacy in a range of challenging industrial tasks in highprecision assembly, which involve learning complex, long-horizon policies. The process exhibits robustness against uncertainty due to dynamics as well as generalization across object instances and scene configurations. The supplementary video is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAr8ZY3mYyw
Comparing Flow- and Context-Sensitivity on the Modification Side-effects Problem
Creators: name: Stocks, Philip
name: Ryder, Barbara G.
name: Landi, William
name: Zhang, Sean
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Interprocedural data-flow analysis
Modification side effects
Flow sensitivity
Context sensitivity
Empirical study
Pointer aliasing

description: Precision and scalability are two desirable, yet often conflicting, features of data-flow analyses. This paper reports on a case study of the modification-side-effects problem for C in the presence of pointers from the perspective of contrasting the flow and context sensitivity of the solution procedure with respect to precision and scalability. The results show that the cost of precision of flow- and context-sensitive analysis is not always prohibitive, and that the precision of flow- and context-insensitive analysis is substantially better than worst case estimates and can be sufficient for certain applications. Program characteristics that affect the performance of dataflow analysis are identified.
Multi-task graph neural networks for simultaneous prediction of global and atomic properties in ferromagnetic systems
Creators: name: Pasini, Massimiliano Lupo
name: Zhang, Pei
name: Reeve, Samuel Temple
name: Choi, Jong Youl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a multi-tasking graph convolutional neural network, HydraGNN, to simultaneously predict both global and atomic physical properties and demonstrate with ferromagnetic materials. We train HydraGNN on an open-source ab initio density functional theory (DFT) dataset for iron-platinum (FePt) with a fixed body centered tetragonal (BCT) lattice structure and fixed volume to simultaneously predict the mixing enthalpy (a global feature of the system), the atomic charge transfer, and the atomic magnetic moment across configurations that span the entire compositional range. By taking advantage of underlying physical correlations between material properties, multi-task learning (MTL) with HydraGNN provides effective training even with modest amounts of data. Moreover, this is achieved with just one architecture instead of three, as required by single-task learning (STL). The first convolutional layers of the HydraGNN architecture are shared by all learning tasks and extract features common to all material properties. The following layers discriminate the features of the different properties, the results of which are fed to the separate heads of the final layer to produce predictions. Numerical results show that HydraGNN effectively captures the relation between the configurational entropy and the material properties over the entire compositional range. Overall, the accuracy of simultaneous MTL predictions is comparable to the accuracy of the STL predictions. In addition, the computational cost of training HydraGNN for MTL is much lower than the original DFT calculations and also lower than training separate STL models for each property.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Exploring growth enhancing rhizospheric microorganisms for silviculture of Neolamarckia cadamba
Creators: name: Chua, Alan Yee Quan
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Neolamarckia cadamba (N. cadamba) is an indigenous timber tree species that was selected to rehabilitate degraded forest lands in Sarawak. Application of chemical fertilisers in forest rehabilitation is a standard practice. However, negative impacts of chemical fertilisers on environments and human health are always raised up as public concerns. Plant growth enhancing microorganisms found in the rhizospheres could be an environmental-friendly alternative to support growth of N. cadamba on degraded forest lands. They could be formulated into commercial biofertilisers to reduce usage of chemical fertilisers in the future forest rehabilitation activities.
Majorana flat bands at structured surfaces of nodal noncentrosymmetric superconductors
Creators: name: Lapp, Clara J.
name: Timm, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surfaces of nodal noncentrosymmetric superconductors can host flat bands of Majorana modes, which provide a promising platform for quantum computation if one can find methods for manipulating localized Majorana wave packets. We study the fate of such flat bands when part of the surface is subjected to an exchange field induced by a ferromagnetic insulator. We use exact diagonalization to find the eigenstates and eigenenergies of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian of a model system, for which an exchange field is applied along a strip on the surface of a slab. We consider different orientations of the strip and the applied field. If the spin polarization of the field-free system along the field direction is sufficiently large perturbation theory predicts that energies of states which are mostly localized on the exchange-field strip are shifted away from zero energy by an amount proportional to the field strength. On the other hand, energies corresponding to states localized on the field-free strip are only weakly affected by the field. Exact diagonalization confirms this. Moreover, we discuss a setup with a small exchange field applied to the previously field-free strip with the goal of introducing a linear dispersion. By switching this dispersion on and off, a wave packet could be moved in a certain direction. We find that in our model system, a linear dispersion can indeed be achieved. The qualitative features of this dispersion can be predicted from the momentum-dependent spin polarization of the field-free surface.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Spectroscopic Studies of Type Ia Supernovae Using LSTM Neural Networks
Creators: name: Hu, Lei
name: Chen, Xingzhuo
name: Wang, Lifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a data-driven method based on long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks to analyze spectral time series of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The dataset includes 3091 spectra from 361 individual SNe Ia. The method allows for accurate reconstruction of the spectral sequence of an SN Ia based on a single observed spectrum around maximum light. The precision of the spectral reconstruction increases with more spectral time coverages, but the significant benefit of multiple epoch data at around optical maximum is only evident for observations separated by more than a week. The method shows great power in extracting the spectral information of SNe Ia, and suggests that the most critical information of an SN Ia can be derived from a single spectrum around the optical maximum. The algorithm we have developed is important for the planning of spectroscopic follow-up observations of future SN surveys with the LSST/Rubin and the WFIRST/Roman telescopes.
description: 37 pages, 27 figures, 1 table, matches published version in ApJ
title: Protecting Protected Areas in Bello: Learning From Institutional Design and Conflict Resilience in the Greater Virunga and Kidepo Landscapes
Creators: name: Hsiao, Elaine
Publisher: name: Institute for International and European Law, University of Göttingen
Year: 2020

description: It has often been cited that major armed conflicts (>1,000 casualties) afflicted two-thirds (23) of the world’s recognized biodiversity hotspots between 1950 and 2000.1 In 2011, the International Law Commission (ILC) included in its long-term work program Protection of the Environment in Relation to Armed Conflict.2 This led to the adoption of twenty-eight Draft Principles, including designation of protected zones where attacks against the environment are prohibited during armed conflict.3 Protected zone designations apply to places of major environmental and cultural importance, requiring that they “[...] shall be protected against any attack, as long as it does not contain a military objective.”4 Most research on armed conflict and protected areas has focused on impacts to wildlife and less on how to protect these natural habitats from the ravages of armed conflict.5. This article highlights some of the gaps in the ILC Draft Principles towards protecting protected zones in bello. It uses transboundary protected areas (TBPAs) formalized through multilateral agreements to illustrate challenges on the ground. TBPAs are internationally designated “[...] protected areas that are ecologically connected across one or more international boundaries [...]” and sometimes even established for their promotion of peace (i.e., Parks for Peace).6 There is little legal research on how to design TBPA agreements for conflict resilience, conflict sensitivity, and ultimately positive peace.7 The research draws from two case studies in Africa’s Great Rift Valley: the Greater Virunga Landscape (GVL) between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Rwanda, and Uganda, and the Kidepo Landscape, which forms part of the broader Landscapes for Peace initiative between South Sudan and Uganda. Both suffer from armed conflicts of various types and present two of the only TBPAs in the world that have incorporated environmental peacebuilding into their transboundary agreements.8 The case studies illustrate different approaches to TBPA design and the pros and cons of each modality in the context of conflict resilience and conflict sensitivity. This guides us on how to better protect protected areas in bello, ensuring that protected zones endure on the ground and not just in principle.
description: Goettingen Journal of International Law ; Vol. 10, no. 1, page 47-66
description: Special Issue: Enhancing the Protection of the Environment in Relation to Armed Conflicts – the Draft Principles of the International Law Commission and Beyond
Pentacheles laevis Bate 1878
Creators: name: Ahyong, Shane T.
name: Chan, Tin-Yam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Polychelidae
Pentacheles
Pentacheles laevis

description: Pentacheles laevis Bate, 1878
(Figs. 1 A-C, 4A)
 Pentacheles laevis Bate, 1878: 278 [type locality: Moluccas, Indonesia, 4º33’N, 127º06’E]; Galil, 2000: 291 (key), 301-305, Fig. 7; Ahyong & Brown, 2002: 54-56, 75, Figs. 1 A-B.
 Pentacheles gracilis Bate, 1878: 279 [type locality: off Fiji, 19º07.50’S, 178º19.35’E].
 Polycheles granulatus Faxon, 1893: 197 [type locality: off Panama, 4º03’N, 81º31’E].
 Pentacheles beaumontii Alcock, 1894: 236 [type locality: off Colombo, Sri Lanka].
 Polycheles dubius Bouvier, 1905a: 480 [type locality: off the Azores, 44º04’N, 9º81’W].
 Polycheles eryoniformis Bouvier, 1905b: 644 [type locality: Madeira].
  Material examined. – NE  Taiwan: 1 female (cl. 16.9 mm), (NTOU), 24 28.99’N, 122 12.79’E, 500-1183 m, TAIWAN 2003 CD210, 1 Jun.2003; 1 female (cl. 22.5 mm), (NTOU), 24 28.59’N, 122 12.66’E, 490-1027 m, TAIWAN 2003 CD 214, 27 Aug.2003. SW Taiwan: 1 female (cl. 27.0 mm), (NTOU), 22º14.8’N, 120º02.8’E, 880-1070 m, TAIWAN 2000 CP23, 29 Jul.2000; 1 damaged specimen (cl. 22.1 mm), (NTOU), 22 16.56’N, 120 06.11’E, 736-1040 m, TAIWAN 2001 CD134, 22 Nov.2001; 1 male (cl. 35.8 mm), 1 female (cl. 35.6 mm), (NTOU), 22º12.04’N, 119º59.96’E, 1110- 985 m, TAIWAN 2001 CD141, 24 Nov.2001.
 Remarks. – The Taiwanese specimens agree well with published accounts (Galil, 2000; Ahyong & Brown, 2002). The inner and outer orbital margins are each armed with a single spine and the lateral margins of the carapace are armed as follows: 7-10:3:14-15.
 Distribution. – Worldwide, from the Indo-West Pacific, Eastern Pacific, Western and Eastern Atlantic, at depths between 347 and 2505 m. A new record for Taiwan.
description: Published as part of Ahyong, Shane T. & Chan, Tin-Yam, 2004, Polychelid Lobsters Of Taiwan (Decapoda: Polychelidae), pp. 171-182 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 52 (1) on pages 171-173, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13244631
Characteristics and incidence of opioid analgesic initiations to opioid naïve patients in a Canadian primary care setting
Creators: name: Klimas, Jan
name: Hamilton, Michee-Ana
name: Carney, Greg
name: Cooper, Ian R.
name: Croteau, Nicole
name: Dong, Huiru
name: Dormuth, Colin
name: Maclure, Malcolm
name: Socias, M. Eugenia
name: Ti, Lianping
name: Wood, Evan
name: McCracken, Rita
Publisher: name: Canadian Journal of Addiction
Year: 2023

description: Objective: To examine characteristics and incidence of opioid analgesic initiations to opioid naïve patients in a Canadian primary care setting. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study, outlining an analysis of health administrative data recorded in a centralized medication monitoring database (PharmaNet) covering 96% of population in British Columbia (BC), Canada. From the PharmaNet database, 5,657 doctors (87% of all practicing family physicians) were selected on the bases of (1) having been currently treating patients (defined as having written at least 25 prescriptions, for any drug, in preceding 12 months); and (2) having prescribed at least one opioid during study period. The primary outcome measure is incidence of new starts for opioid analgesics in opioid naïve people, stratified by several important prescriber and regional characteristics (e.g., graduation year, geographical location). Results: Between December 1 st , 2018 and November 30th , 2019, there were 139,145 opioid initiations to opioid naïve patients. The mean monthly initiation rate was 2.05 prescriptions per physician. Most initiations were in Lower Mainland regions of BC, also where the population is most concentrated (46,456, 33% in the Fraser region), by prescribers who graduated between 1986-1995 (39,601, 28%), and had less than 10 patient visits per day (72,506, 52%). Conclusions: From data presented in this study, it appears that the rate of opioid analgesic initiations in primary care remains unchanged. Individualized prescribing interventions targeted at physicians are urgently needed considering the current opioid epidemic and known links with opioid analgesics that raise concerns about the potential to cause harm.
Past and future sea-level rise along the coast of North Carolina, USA
Creators: name: Kemp, Andrew C.
name: Tebaldi, Claudia
name: Kopp, Robert E.
name: Horton, Benjamin P.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Sea level
Relative sea level
Sea level--Mathematical models
North Caroline

description: We evaluate relative sea level (RSL) trajectories for North Carolina, USA, in the context of tide-gauge measurements and geological sea-level proxy reconstructions spanning the last ∼11,000 years. RSL rise was fastest (∼7 mm/yr) during the early Holocene and slowed over time with the end of the deglaciation. During the pre-Industrial Common Era (i.e., 0–1800 CE), RSL rise (∼0.7 to 1.1 mm/yr) was driven primarily by glacio-isostatic adjustment, though dampened by tectonic uplift along the Cape Fear Arch. Ocean/atmosphere dynamics caused centennial variability of up to ∼0.6 mm/yr around the long-term rate. It is extremely likely (probability P = 0.95) that 20th century RSL rise at Sand Point, NC, (2.8 ± 0.5 mm/yr) was faster than during any other century in at least 2,900 years. Projections based on a fusion of process models, statistical models, expert elicitation, and expert assessment indicate that RSL at Wilmington, NC, is very likely (P = 0.90) to rise by 42–132 cm between 2000 and 2100 under the high-emissions RCP 8.5 pathway. Under all emission pathways, 21st century RSL rise is very likely (P > 0.90) to be faster than during the 20th century. Due to RSL rise, under RCP 8.5, the current ‘1-in-100 year’ flood is expected at Wilmington in ∼30 of the 50 years between 2050-2100.
Library 2.011 World-wide Virtual Conference, "The Future of Libraries in the Digital Age", November 2-4, 2011
Creators: name: Wang, Minglu
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Library 2.0
Web 2.0
Social media
Learning
Information literacy
Information professionals
Library space
Participatory library
Libraries--Space utilization

description: The purpose of this paper is to present a conference report on the unique organizational features and the common themes found among the three keynote speeches of the Library 2.011 World Wide Virtual Conference held on the internet on November 2-4, 2011. This report was generated based on the author’s personal participation and observation of a virtual conference and a descriptive method was used to report on and summarize the major subjects of three keynote presentations. The paper finds that Library 2.0 is still a live practice among libraries, and the concept itself has become an inspiring theoretical starting point for re-examining information profession, information literacy, and information management behaviours. This article sorts out the theoretical directions of Library 2.0’s research, which will provide a reflective and guiding tool for evaluating current library practice and designing future innovative library services.
Formal Certification Methods for Automated Vehicle Safety Assessment
Creators: name: Zhao, Tong
name: Yurtsever, Ekim
name: Paulson, Joel
name: Rizzoni, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Challenges related to automated driving are no longer focused on just the construction of such automated vehicles (AVs), but in assuring the safety of their operation. Recent advances in Level 3 and Level 4 autonomous driving have motivated more extensive study in safety guarantees of complicated AV maneuvers, which aligns with the goal of ISO 21448 (Safety of the Intended Functions, or SOTIF), i.e. minimizing unsafe scenarios both known and unknown, as well as Vision Zero -- eliminating highway fatalities by 2050. A majority of approaches used in providing safety guarantees for AV motion control originate from formal methods, especially reachability analysis (RA), which relies on mathematical models for the dynamic evolution of the system to provide guarantees. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been no review papers dedicated to describing and interpreting state-of-the-art of formal methods in the context of AVs. In this work, we provide both an overview of the safety verification, validation and certification process, as well as review formal safety techniques that are best suited to AV applications. We also propose a unified scenario coverage framework that can provide either a formal or sample-based estimate of safety verification for full AVs. Finally, remaining challenges and future opportunities beyond the scope of current published research for assured AV safety are presented.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables