cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Infant handling in colobus vellerosus
Creators: name: Brent, Lauren Johanna Nicole
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2005

description: Bibliography: p. 99-110
description: The function of primate infant handling is debated, and characterizations of its expression in many species are required. We described natal attraction and infant handling for five Colobus vellerosus infants from 1-16 weeks of age. Ten-minute focal animal samples collected 91.8 hours of observation. Immature females were most attracted to infants. Infants were sometimes handled roughly. We used these data to evaluate the socioecological model of infant handling. A sixth infant was attacked by members of an all-male band. We compared handling of all infants to determine the impact of infanticidal threat. Our data suggest C. vellerosus females handle infants for maternal experience and because they are innately attracted to do so. Mothers spent more time feeding with their infants off-contact, suggesting another possible function of infant handling. The attacked infant was carried less by group members. C. vellerosus infants may fall victim to infanticide more often when away from their mothers.
Implementing Zeroconf in Linphone
Creators: name: Srivastava, Abhishek Ajit
name: Lee, Jae Woo
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: This report describes the motivation behind implementing Zeroconf in a open source SIP phone(Linphone) and the architecture of the solution implemented. It also describes the roadblocks encountered and how they were tackled in the implementation. It concludes with a few mentions about future enhancements that may be implemented on a later date.
The Failure of Online Social Network Privacy Settings
Creators: name: Madejski, Michelle
name: Johnson, Maritza Lupe
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: Increasingly, people are sharing sensitive personal information via online social networks (OSN). While such networks do permit users to control what they share with whom, access control policies are notoriously difficult to configure correctly; this raises the question of whether OSN users' privacy settings match their sharing intentions. We present the results of an empirical evaluation that measures privacy attitudes and intentions and compares these against the privacy settings on Facebook. Our results indicate a serious mismatch: every one of the 65 participants in our study confirmed that at least one of the identified violations was in fact a sharing violation. In other words, OSN users' privacy settings are incorrect. Furthermore, a majority of users cannot or will not fix such errors. We conclude that the current approach to privacy settings is fundamentally flawed and cannot be fixed; a fundamentally different approach is needed. We present recommendations to ameliorate the current problems, as well as provide suggestions for future research.
Storage-ring measurement of the hyperfine-induced 2s 2p 3P0 -> 2s2 1S0 transition rate in beryllium-like sulfur
Creators: name: Schippers, S.
name: Bernhardt, D.
name: Müller, A.
name: Lestinsky, M.
name: Hahn, M.
name: Novotný, O.
name: Savin, D. W.
name: Grieser, M.
name: Krantz, C.
name: Repnow, R.
name: Wolf, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hyperfine induced 2s 2p 3P0 -> 2s2 1S0 transition rate in Be-like sulfur was measured by monitoring the decay of isotopically pure beams of 32-S12+ and 33-S12+ ions in a heavy-ion storage ring. Within the 4% experimental uncertainty the experimental value of 0.096(4)/s agrees with the most recent theoretical results of Cheng et al. [Phys. Rev. A 77, 052504 (2008)] and Andersson et al. [Phys. Rev. A 79, 032501 (2009)]. Repeated experiments with different magnetic fields in the storage-ring bending magnets demonstrate that artificial quenching of the 2s 2p 3P0 state by these magnetic fields is negligible.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables
Currency Invoicing Decision: New Evidence from a Questionnaire Survey of Japanese Export Firms
Creators: name: Ito, Takatoshi
name: Koibuchi, Satoshi
name: Sato, Kiyotaka
name: Shimizu, Junko
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Commerce

description: There have been only a few studies that empirically examine the firm's decision on price setting or currency invoicing in international trade. This paper is the first study that conducts the questionnaire survey with all manufacturing firms listed in Tokyo Stock Exchange concerning the choice of invoicing currency at a firm level. Questionnaires were sent out to 920 Japanese firms in September 2009 and 227 firms responded. We present the new firm-level evidence on the choice of invoicing currency by destination and by type of trading partner, and also the share of invoicing currency of Japanese production subsidiaries in Asia. By conducting cross-section analysis, we found the following evidences: (1) highly differentiated goods and/or strong competitiveness of the products promote Japanese yen invoicing in exports to all countries, (2) larger share of intra-firm trade in exports promotes importer's currency invoicing in exports to advanced countries, and (3) the production-sales networks of Japanese firms whose Asian production subsidiaries export their final products to other countries/region promote US dollar invoicing in exports to Asian countries.
Hypervelocity Planets and Transits Around Hypervelocity Stars
Creators: name: Ginsburg, Idan
name: Loeb, Abraham
name: Wegner, Gary A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The disruption of a binary star system by the massive black hole at the Galactic Centre, SgrA*, can lead to the capture of one star around SgrA* and the ejection of its companion as a hypervelocity star (HVS). We consider the possibility that these stars may have planets and study the dynamics of these planets. Using a direct $N$-body integration code, we simulated a large number of different binary orbits around SgrA*. For some orbital parameters, a planet is ejected at a high speed. In other instances, a HVS is ejected with one or more planets orbiting around it. In these cases, it may be possible to observe the planet as it transits the face of the star. A planet may also collide with its host star. In such cases the atmosphere of the star will be enriched with metals. In other cases, a planet is tidally disrupted by SgrA*, leading to a bright flare.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Early evolution of spherical ejecta expanding into the circumstellar matter at ultra-relativistic speeds
Creators: name: Shigeyama, Toshikazu
name: Suzuki, Akihiro
name: Nakamura, Ko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new self-similar solution describing early evolution of an ultra-relativistic flow resulting from a collision of homologously expanding spherical ejecta with the circumstellar matter, in which a shock wave propagates in the circumstellar matter while a weak discontinuity propagates in the ejecta at the sound speed
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
The Effect of the VAT Rate Change on Aggregate Consumption and Economic Growth
Creators: name: Miki, Bumpei
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Economics

description: The purpose of this paper is to empirically determine the effect of a change in a country's Value Added Tax (VAT) rate on its aggregate consumption and its economic growth. As for the effect on aggregate consumption, this paper removes the income effect and discusses only the substitution effect. Using panel data models on a sample covering up to 14 developed countries, including Japan, and quarter periods from the second quarter in 1980 (1980 Q2) to the third quarter in 2010 (2010 Q3) and picking up 53 cases of the change of the VAT rate, this paper shows empirically that aggregate consumption and economic growth display three kinds of trends when the VAT rate is changed. The first trend is that aggregate consumption and economic growth increases [or decreases] just before the rise [or reduction] of the VAT rate. The second trend is that they decrease [or increase] relatively dramatically as soon as the rise [or reduction] is implemented. The third trend is that after the dramatic decrease [or increase] they increase [or decrease] gradually.
Assimilation of Perimeter Data and Coupling with Fuel Moisture in a Wildland Fire - Atmosphere DDDAS
Creators: name: Mandel, Jan
name: Beezley, Jonathan D.
name: Kochanski, Adam K.
name: Kondratenko, Volodymyr Y.
name: Kim, Minjeong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 80A25, 86A10, 86A22

description: We present a methodology to change the state of the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the fire spread code SFIRE, based on Rothermel's formula and the level set method, and with a fuel moisture model. The fire perimeter in the model changes in response to data while the model is running. However, the atmosphere state takes time to develop in response to the forcing by the heat flux from the fire. Therefore, an artificial fire history is created from an earlier fire perimeter to the new perimeter, and replayed with the proper heat fluxes to allow the atmosphere state to adjust. The method is an extension of an earlier method to start the coupled fire model from a developed fire perimeter rather than an ignition point. The level set method is also used to identify parameters of the simulation, such as the spread rate and the fuel moisture. The coupled model is available from openwfm.org, and it extends the WRF-Fire code in WRF release.
description: ICCS 2012, 10 pages; corrected some DOI typesetting in the references
MutaGeneSys: Making Diagnostic Predictions Based on Genome-Wide Genotype Data in Association Studies
Creators: name: Stoyanovich, Julia
name: Pe'er, Itshack G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: Summary: We present MutaGeneSys: a system that uses genomewide genotype data for disease prediction. Our system integrates three data sources: the International HapMap project, whole-genome marker correlation data and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. It accepts SNP data of individuals as query input and delivers disease susceptibility hypotheses even if the original set of typed SNPs is incomplete. Our system is scalable and flexible: it operates in real time and can be configured on the fly to produce population, technology, and confidence-specific predictions. Availability: Efforts are underway to deploy our system as part of the NCBI Reference Assembly. Meanwhile, the system may be obtained from the authors. Contact: jds1@cs.columbia.edu
Implications of LHC Searches for Massive Graviton
Creators: name: Tang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the latest LHC available results, we consider the generic constraints on massive graviton. Both dijet and dilepton resonance searches are used. The limits on parameter space can be applied to many models. As an illustration, we show the constraints for Randall-Sundrum (RS) model. Implications on massive graviton and the coupling strength are discussed. For $k/M_{pl}=0.1$, $M_G<2.2$ TeV region is excluded at 95% confidence level. We also present some interesting implications on the RS radion with respect to the 125 GeV excess at the LHC. For $k/M_{pl}=0.1$, $Λ_ϕ<13.8$ TeV is excluded where $Λ_ϕ$ is the scale to charactarize the interaction strengh of radion.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures; References added; Accepted version by JHEP
Undercurrents influencing public funding for Canadian higher education institutions, 1963-1997 : economic discomfort and policy mood
Creators: name: Snee, Iain
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: There is a tenuous link between government intentions and funding for higher education institutions during recessions. Sorting out this puzzle involves developing a better understanding of the influences on government policy choices for funding. This study uses theoretical frameworks from political science to guide the design and selection of measures to interpret economic and political variables associated with government expenditures on higher education institutions in Canada between 1963 and 1997. The general model builds on current variables used in the literature by adding measures of voters’ economic discomfort, policy feedback through prior period expenditures, and constructing a measure of policy mood of federal voters as a proxy for public opinion. In general, federal funding for universities tends to decrease with policy feedback, community college funding increases with economic discomfort, and vocational funding decrease as federal GDP increases. At the same time, provincial funding for universities tends to increase with provincial GDP and community college funding increases with provincial GDP and Employment Insurance applications. In summary, there is a statistically significant trend of federal government expenditures shifting funds between institutional types during recessions. In the Maritimes, federal funding creates a net shift from community colleges to vocational institutes. Outside of the Maritimes, federal funding tends to shift from community colleges to universities and vocational institutes.
POWER: Parallel Optimizations With Executable Rewriting
Creators: name: Arora, Nipun
name: Bell, Jonathan Schaffer
name: Kim, Martha Allen
name: Singh, Vishal
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: The hardware industry's rapid development of multicore and many core hardware has outpaced the software industry's transition from sequential to parallel programs. Most applications are still sequential, and many cores on parallel machines remain unused. We propose a tool that uses data-dependence profiling and binary rewriting to parallelize executables without access to source code. Our technique uses Bernstein's conditions to identify independent sets of basic blocks that can be executed in parallel, introducing a level of granularity between fine-grained instruction level and coarse grained task level parallelism. We analyze dynamically generated control and data dependence graphs to find independent sets of basic blocks which can be parallelized. We then propose to parallelize these candidates using binary rewriting techniques. Our technique aims to demonstrate the parallelism that remains in serial application by exposing concrete opportunities for parallelism.
Laws of Granular Solids. Geometry and Topology
Creators: name: DeGiuli, Eric
name: McElwaine, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a granular solid, mechanical equilibrium requires a delicate balance of forces at the disordered grain scale. To understand how macroscopic rigidity can emerge in this amorphous solid, it is crucial that we understand how Newton's laws pass from the disordered grain scale to the laboratory scale. In this work, we introduce an exact discrete calculus, in which Newton's laws appear as differential relations at the scale of a single grain. Using this calculus, we introduce gauge variables which describe identically force- and torque-balanced configurations. In a first, intrinsic formulation, we use the topology of the contact network, but not its geometry. In a second, extrinsic formulation, we introduce geometry with the Delaunay triangulation. These formulations show, with exact methods, how topology and geometry in a disordered medium are related by constraints. In particular, we derive Airy's expression for a divergence-free, symmetric stress tensor in two and three dimensions.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
SHIM Optimization: Elimination Of Unstructured Loops
Creators: name: Ganapathi, Ravindra Babu
name: Edwards, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: The SHIM compiler for the IBM CELL processor generates distinct code for the two processing units, PPE (Power Processor Element) and SPE (Synergistic Processor Elements). The SPE is specialized to give high throughput with computation intensive application operating on dense data. We propose mechanism to tune the code generated by the SHIM compiler to enable optimizing compilers to generate structured code. Although, the discussion here is related to optimizing SHIM IR (Intermediate Representation) code, the techniques discussed here can be incorporated into compilers to convert unstructured loops consisting of goto statements to structured loops such as while and do-while statements to ease back end compiler optimizations. Our research based SHIM compiler takes the code written in SHIM language and performs various static analysis and finally transforms it into C code. This generated code is compiled to binary using standard compilers available for IBM cell processor such as GCC and IBM XL compiler.
Additional file 5 of Knockdown of LAP2α inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by activating NF-κB
Creators: name: Tang, Yiman
name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Ge, Wenshu
name: Zhou, Yongsheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Figure S5. Quantification of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratios of p65 staining in hASCs expressing shNC, shLAP2α-1, or shLAP2α-2, treated or not treated with TNF-α for 30 min. * P < 0.05 compared with the control group; **P < 0.01 compared with the control group; NS: not significant.
Charged Current Universality and the MSSM
Creators: name: Bauman, Sky
name: Erler, Jens
name: Ramsey-Musolf, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the prospective impact of supersymmetric radiative corrections on tests of charged current universality involving light quarks and leptons. Working within the R-parity conserving Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, we compute the corresponding one-loop corrections that enter the extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $V_{ud}$ from a comparison of the muon-decay Fermi constant with the vector coupling constant determined from nuclear and neutron $β$-decay. We also revisit earlier studies of the corrections to the ratio $R_{e/μ}$ of pion leptonic decay rates $Γ[π^+ \to e^+ ν(γ)]$ and $Γ[π^+ \to μ^+ ν(γ)]$. In both cases, we observe that the magnitude of the corrections can be on the order of $10^{-3}$. We show that a comparison of the first row CKM unitarity tests with measurements of $R_{e/μ}$ can provide unique probes of the spectrum of first generation squarks and first and second generation sleptons.
description: 38 pages, 17 figures
Drell-Yan as a probe of small x partons at the LHC
Creators: name: de Oliveira, E. G.
name: Martin, A. D.
name: Ryskin, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The predictions of Drell-Yan production of low-mass, lepton-pairs, at high rapidity at the LHC, are known to depend sensitively on the choice of factorization and renormalization scales. We show how this sensitivity can be greatly reduced by fixing the factorization scale of the LO contribution based on the known NLO matrix element, so that observations of this process at the LHC can make direct measurements of parton distribution functions in the low x domain; x less than about 10^{-4}.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
A framework for the simulation of regional decadal variability for agricultural and other applications
Creators: name: Greene, Arthur M.
name: Goddard, Lisa M.
name: Hansen, James W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Climatic changes

description: Climate prediction on decadal time scales is currently an active area of research, and reliable model-based forecasts of regional "near-term" climate change have yet to be demonstrated. In the absence of such forecasts, synthetic data sequences that capture the statistical properties of observed near-term climate variability have potential value. Incorporation of a climate change component in such sequences can help define risk estimates for a range of climatic stresses, including those lying beyond what has been experienced in the past. Properly conditioned simulations can be used to drive agricultural, hydrological or other application models, enabling resilience testing of adaptation or decision systems. The use of statistically-based methods enables the efficient generation of large ensembles of synthetic sequences and consequently, the creation of well-defined probabilistic risk estimates. In this report we examine some procedures for the generation of synthetic climate sequences that incorporate both the statistics of observed variability and expectations regarding future regional climate change. Model fitting and simulation are considered in the framework of classical time series analysis, with methodology conditioned by requirements particular to the decadal climate problem. A method of downscaling annualized simulations to the daily time step, while preserving subannual statistical properties, is presented and other possible methods discussed. Deployment in the applications setting, the details of which may vary considerably, depending on regional climate characteristics, available data and the design of follow-on models, is considered and elements of a case study presented.
Violation of Leggett-Garg inequalities in single quantum dot
Creators: name: Sun, Yong-Nan
name: Zou, Yang
name: Ge, Rong-Chun
name: Tang, Jian-Shun
name: Li, Chuan-Feng
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the violation of Leggett-Garg (LG) inequalities inquantum dots with the stationarity assumption. By comparing two types of LG inequalities, we find a better one which is easier to be tested in experiment. In addition, we show that the fine-structure splitting, background noise and temperature of quantum dots all influence the violation of LG inequalities.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Heating the Solar Atmosphere by the Self-Enhanced Thermal Waves Caused by the Dynamo Processes
Creators: name: Dumin, Yurii V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a possible mechanism for heating the solar atmosphere by the ensemble of thermal waves, generated by the photospheric dynamo and propagating upwards with increasing magnitudes. These waves are self-sustained and amplified due to the specific dependence of the efficiency of heat release by Ohmic dissipation on the ratio of the collisional to gyro- frequencies, which in its turn is determined by the temperature profile formed in the wave. In the case of sufficiently strong driving, such a mechanism can increase the plasma temperature by a few times, i.e. it may be responsible for heating the chromosphere and the base of the transition region.
description: v2: A number of minor corrections and additional explanations. AASTeX, 5 pages, 2 EPS figures, submitted to The Astrophysical Journal
Markov Models for Network-Behavior Modeling and Anonymization
Creators: name: Song, Yingbo
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
name: Jebara, Tony
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: Modern network security research has demonstrated a clear need for open sharing of traffic datasets between organizations, a need that has so far been superseded by the challenge of removing sensitive content beforehand. Network Data Anonymization (NDA) is emerging as a field dedicated to this problem, with its main direction focusing on removal of identifiable artifacts that might pierce privacy, such as usernames and IP addresses. However, recent research has demonstrated that more subtle statistical artifacts, also present, may yield fingerprints that are just as differentiable as the former. This result highlights certain shortcomings in current anonymization frameworks -- particularly, ignoring the behavioral idiosyncrasies of network protocols, applications, and users. Recent anonymization results have shown that the extent to which utility and privacy can be obtained is mainly a function of the information in the data that one is aware and not aware of. This paper leverages the predictability of network behavior in our favor to augment existing frameworks through a new machine-learning-driven anonymization technique. Our approach uses the substitution of individual identities with group identities where members are divided based on behavioral similarities, essentially providing anonymity-by-crowds in a statistical mix-net. We derive time-series models for network traffic behavior which quantifiably models the discriminative features of network "behavior" and introduce a kernel-based framework for anonymity which fits together naturally with network-data modeling.
Testing the 130 GeV gamma-ray line with high energy resolution detectors
Creators: name: Li, Ye
name: Yuan, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently some hints of the existence of $γ$-ray line around 130 GeV are reported according to the analysis of Fermi-LAT data. If confirmed it would be the first direct evidence to show the existence of new physics beyond the standard model. Here we suggest that using the forthcoming high energy resolution $γ$-ray detectors, such as CALET and DAMPE, we may test whether it is real line structure or just the background effect. For DAMPE like detector with designed energy resolution $\sim1.5%$, a line significance will reach $11σ$ for the same statistics as Fermi-LAT. For about 1.4 yr survey observation, DAMPE may detect a $5σ$ signal of such a $γ$-ray line.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures and 1 table; minor revision; accepted by Phys. Lett. B
Cells: A Virtual Mobile Smartphone Architecture
Creators: name: Andrus, Jeremy Christian
name: Dall, Christoffer
name: Van't Hof, Alexander Edward
name: Laadan, Oren
name: Nieh, Jason
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: Cellphones are increasingly ubiquitous, so much so that many users are inconveniently forced to carry multiple cellphones to accommodate work, personal, and geographic mobility needs. We present Cells, a virtualization architecture for enabling multiple virtual smartphones to run simultaneously on the same physical cellphone device in a securely isolated manner. Cells introduces a usage model of having one foreground virtual phone and multiple background virtual phones. This model enables a new device namespace mechanism and novel device proxies that integrate with lightweight operating system virtualization to efficiently and securely multiplex phone hardware devices across multiple virtual phones while providing native hardware device performance to all applications. Virtual phone features include fully-accelerated graphics for gaming, complete power management features, and full telephony functionality with separately assignable telephone numbers and caller ID support. We have implemented a Cells prototype that supports multiple Android virtual phones on the same phone hardware. Our performance results demonstrate that Cells imposes only modest runtime and memory overhead, works seamlessly across multiple hardware devices including Google Nexus 1 and Nexus S phones and an NVIDIA tablet, and transparently runs all existing Android applications without any modifications.
Sliding Trellis-Based Frame Synchronization
Creators: name: Ali, Usman
name: Duhamel, Pierre
name: Kieffer, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Frame Synchronization (FS) is required in several communication standards in order to recover the individual frames that have been aggregated in a burst. This paper proposes a low-delay and reducedcomplexity Sliding Trellis (ST)-based FS technique, compared to our previously proposed trellis-based FS method. Each burst is divided into overlapping windows in which FS is performed. Useful information is propagated from one window to the next. The proposed method makes use of soft information provided by the channel, but also of all sources of redundancy present in the protocol stack. An illustration of our STbased approach for the WiMAX Media Access Control (MAC) layer is provided. When FS is performed on bursts transmitted over Rayleigh fading channel, the ST-based approach reduces the FS latency and complexity at the cost of a very small performance degradation compared to our full complexity trellis-based FS and outperforms state-of-the-art FS techniques.
description: IEEE International Conference on Communication (2011)
Topological insulators from complex orbital order in transition-metal oxides heterostructures
Creators: name: Rüegg, Andreas
name: Fiete, Gregory A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological band insulators which are dynamically generated by electron-electron interactions have been the- oretically proposed in two and three dimensional lattice models. We present evidence that the two-dimensional version can be stabilized in digital (111) heterostructures of transition-metal oxides as a result of purely local interactions. The topological phases are accompanied by spontaneous ordering of complex orbitals and we discuss their stability with respect to the Hund's rule coupling, Jahn-Teller interaction and inversion symmetry breaking terms. As main competitors we identify spin-nematic and magnetic phases.
description: 4+6 pages, 3+1 figures, phase diagrams corrected and refined, reference list expanded
What Drives the Profitability of Japanese Multi-Business Corporations? A Variance Components Analysis
Creators: name: Fukui, Yoshitaka
name: Ushijima, Tatsuo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Commerce

description: This article decomposes the business-level profit rate of Japanese multi-business corporations by performing a variance components analysis on a large sample of publicly traded non-financial firms in 1998-2003. Consistent with U.S. evidence, estimation results demonstrate that profitability is predominantly determined by business-level factors, not corporate-level ones, suggesting that a typical multi-business corporation in Japan is a combination of relatively distinct businesses in terms of profit.
Multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509 IX. The Galactic foreground
Creators: name: Pinto, C.
name: Kriss, G. A.
name: Kaastra, J. S.
name: Costantini, E.
name: Ebrero, J.
name: Steenbrugge, K. C.
name: Mehdipour, M.
name: Ponti, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The diffuse gas in and nearby the Milky Way plays an important role in the evolution of the entire Galaxy. It has a complex structure characterized by neutral, weakly and highly ionized gas, dust, and molecules. We probe this gas through the observation of its absorption lines in the high-energy spectra of background sources. We use high-quality spectra of AGN Mrk 509, located at high Galactic latitudes obtained with XMM-Newton, HST and FUSE. We use advanced absorption models consisting of photo- and collisional-ionization. We constrain the column density ratios of the different phases of the interstellar medium (ISM) and measure the abundances of C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, and Fe. We detect seven discrete interstellar clouds with different velocities. One is a typical low-velocity cloud (LVC) and three belong to the family of the intermediate-velocity clouds (IVCs) found near the Galactic disk. These four clouds show large deviation from Solar abundances in the gas phase, mostly caused by dust depletion. The other three clouds are ionized high-velocity clouds (HVCs) and are located either in the Galactic environment or in the Local Group halo as suggested by the signatures of collisional ionization. The similar abundances and ionization structure of the HVCs suggest a common location and origin: they might belong to the remainder of an extragalactic cloud which was captured by the Galaxy. We have shown that combined UV / X-ray spectroscopy is a powerful tool to investigate the ISM. In common Galactic clouds, like LVCs and IVCs, the ISM shows a complex structure consisting of at least three different temperature phases.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, 7 tables
Effect of spectral modification of $ρ$ on shear viscosity of a pion gas
Creators: name: Mitra, Sukanya
name: Ghosh, Sabyasachi
name: Sarkar, Sourav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the shear viscosity of a pion gas in the relativistic kinetic theory approach. The in-medium propagator of the $ρ$ meson at finite temperature is used to evaluate the $π-π$ scattering amplitude in the medium. The real and imaginary parts of the self-energy calculated from one-loop diagrams are seen to have noticeable effects on the scattering cross-section. The consequences on temperature dependence of the shear viscosity evaluated in the Chapman-Enskog and relaxation time approximations are studied.
Inward FDI in Pakistan and its policy context
Creators: name: Hamdani, Khalil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Finance
Economics

description: Pakistan's large domestic market and policy environment are generally attractive to foreign direct investment, but terrorist violence and natural disasters are keeping investors at bay. Pakistan was the tenth largest recipient of inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) in Asia in 2006-2008. Pakistan has also been successful in attracting investment from other developing countries. There are successful joint ventures with parastatals. The policy regime is investor friendly, and doing business in Pakistan is easier than in any of its neighboring countries. These advantages notwithstanding, inward FDI flows shrank by 60% in 2009-2010, a reflection of global trends and internal difficulties. Governance and terrorism are overriding preoccupations. Retaining the confidence of both foreign and domestic investors is vital. Determined efforts are needed to realize the country's considerable market potential.
The khaki election: a new perspective, the Ottawa Valley in 1917
Creators: name: McSheffrey, Marion
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2005

description: Bibliography: p. 137-141
description: This thesis centres on voter response to the 1917 election campaign in ten Ottawa Valley ridings, primarily as informed by press rep01ts. By examining the coverage of the campaign, including editorials and advertising, along with personal papers of some of the politicians, this study will illustrate that, despite the accepted notion that Ontario voted for conscription, the Ottawa Valley elections reflected their more diversified electorates. Its contiguous relationship, both physically and culturally, to the province of Quebec, its political traditions, and its multicultural population in an age before multiculturalism, all led voters to express this rite of citizenship in a variety of ways. While some newspapers here sometimes changed established political links, demonstrating the key importance of the press in stating and re-stating the Union Party position, many voters were not persuaded, thus constituting a much larger Liberal vote than is generally acknowledged in the historiography of the election. Most Union victories were by very narrow margins, especially before the addition of the soldiers' votes. Despite the generally accepted idea of the overwhelming support for Unionism and conscription throughout Ontario, this thesis will argue that when examined within the context of the Ottawa Valley, this historical perception does not stand. Many people believed that Unionism was not the only path to patriotism, and supported the Liberal Party, either as a vote against the politics of Robert Borden, or to support the war policies of Wilfrid Laurier. Local Liberals were better organised here than in many other parts of Ontario, allowing them to wage a strong campaign in most Valley ridings.
Distributed Firewall For MANETs
Creators: name: Alicherry, Mansoor
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Stavrou, Angelos
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are increasingly used in military tactical situations and in civil rapid-deployment networks, including emergency rescue operations and {\it ad hoc} disaster-relief networks. The flexibility of MANETs comes at a price, when compared to wired and basestation-based wireless networks: MANETs are susceptible to both insider (compromised node) and outsider attacks due to the lack of a well-defined perimeter in which to deploy firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and other mechanisms commonly used for network access and admission control. In this paper, we define a distributed firewall architecture that is designed specifically for MANETs. Our approach harnesses and extends the concept of a {\it network capability}, and is especially suited for environments where the communicating nodes have different roles and hence different communication requirements, such as in tactical networks. Our model enforces communication restrictions among MANET nodes and services, allowing hop-by-hop policy enforcement in a distributed manner. We use a ''deny-by-default'' model where compromised nodes have access only to authorized services, without the ability to disrupt or interfere with end-to-end service connectivity and nodes beyond their local communication radius. Our simulations show that our solution has minimal overhead in terms of bandwidth and latency, works well even in the presence of routing changes due to mobile nodes, and is effective in containing misbehaving nodes.
The role of comparison in preschoolers' categorization of novel objects
Creators: name: Meagher, Kristinn
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2005

description: Bibliography: p. 36-38
description: In two experiments the role of the comparison process and common labels on preschooler' s formation of categories of novel objects were exained. The results of m Experiment I indicate that children were more likely to form a category of objects based on similar shape when not provided with the opportunity to compare the objects. Children were more likely to form a category of objects based on similar texture when the opportunity to compare the objects and common labels were provided. Children who were provided with only the comparison showed a movement away from shape similarities, but not to the same extent as when provided with both cues. The results of Experiment 2 support the previous study and suggest that the findings are not due to the directiveness of the dialogue used in the task. Children appear to spontaneously engage in the comparison process.
The Empirical Case for Streamlining the NLRB Certification Process: The Role of Date of Unfair Labor Practice Occurrence
Creators: name: Bronfenbrenner, Kate
name: Warren, Dorian Tod
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Industrial relations

description: The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) has long advocated reducing the time period between the filing of a petition to form a union and union certification elections. This paper shows that despite this objective there have been virtually no elections in the first 20 days after a petition is filed, while in the past two years there has been a slight increase in the number of elections held within 21 to 30 days of the petition. The study demonstrates the relationship between the petition date, election date and when the most serious employer opposition and intimidation occurs and concludes that the NLRB should streamline the certification process to reduce the number of days between petition and election.
CoVID-19 Impact Lab Questionnaire Documentation
Creators: name: Gaudecker, Hans-Martin Von
name: Zimpelmann, Christian
name: Mendel, Moritz
name: Siflinger, Bettina
name: Janys, Lena
name: Maurer, Jürgen
name: Jongen, Egbert
name: Holler, Radost
name: Abikeyeva, Renata
name: Mutis, Felipe Augusto Azuero
name: Gehlen, Annica
name: Kleifgen, Eva Lucia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: CoVID-19
Coronavirus

description: Documentation of questionnaires created by the CoViD-19 Impact Lab in the LISS Panel. The questionnaires are used to survey participants of the LISS Panel on their experiences, expectations, and socio-economic situation during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. The surveys are divided into multiple waves, all of which are documented here and online at: https://liss-covid-19-questionnaires-documentation.readthedocs.io/en/latest/. CoViD-19 Impact Lab was started in mid-March 2020 by a group of economists at Bonn and now consists of students and more senior researchers from several institutions like the University of Mannheim, the University of Lausanne, Tilburg University, and the Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
Site fidelity and determinants of wintering decisions in the Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus)
Creators: name: Bounas, Anastasios
name: Catsadorakis, Giorgos
name: Naziridis, Theodoros
name: Bino, Taulant
name: Hatzilacou, Dionyssia
name: Malakou, Myrsini
name: Onmus, Ortaç
name: Siki, Mehmet
name: Simeonov, Pavel
name: Crivelli, Alain J
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 59999
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
classificationCode: 110309
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Wintering site selection is a major decision in a bird’s annual life cycle since conditions experienced by individuals within a wintering site can influence individual fitness and ultimately population dynamics. If individuals show strong fidelity to specific sites, annual environmental effects can be reinforced. In this study we analyse winter resightings of ringed Dalmatian pelicans, collected during a 35-year-long ringing survey, to identify winter movement patterns of Dalmatian pelicans, assess the level of site fidelity both within and among consecutive wintering events and examine environmental factors that may contribute to an individual’s decision to move towards a specific site during the winter period. Our results showed that the decision of Dalmatian pelicans to move towards a specific site was mainly driven by the site’s size and temperature conditions. Larger wetlands can provide birds with higher resource abundance and offer more opportunities to exploit optimal roosting and feeding habitats, whereas wetlands that do not freeze during the winter are a definite requirement. Wintering movements were more likely to occur at short distances from a bird’s natal colony, whereas it was uncommon for birds born in wetlands located in the Adriatic and Ionian coast to move eastwards during the winter, suggesting a level of spatial substructure. Furthermore, we showed that the species exhibits very strong within-year and among-year wintering site fidelity, with birds moving less during the winter, whereas juvenile birds travel greater distances than the rest of the age classes examined. Our conclusions could guide an effective approach to site-based conservation management at key wintering sites.
Violation of the first law of black hole thermodynamics in $f(T)$ gravity
Creators: name: Miao, Rong-Xin
name: Li, Miao
name: Miao, Yan-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that, in general, the first law of black hole thermodynamics, $δQ=TδS$, is violated in $f(T)$ gravity. As a result, it is possible that there exists entropy production, which implies that the black hole thermodynamics can be in non-equilibrium even in the static spacetime. This feature is very different from that of $f(R)$ or that of other higher derivative gravity theories. We find that the violation of first law results from the lack of local Lorentz invariance in $f(T)$ gravity. By investigating two examples, we note that $f"(0)$ should be negative in order to avoid the naked singularities and superluminal motion of light. When $f"(T)$ is small, the entropy of black holes in $f(T)$ gravity is approximatively equal to $\frac{f'(T)}{4}A$.
description: 18 pages, no figure, version accepted for publication in JCAP