cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pressure-Induced Superconductivity in BiS2-based EuFBiS2
Creators: name: Suzuki, Kouji
name: Tanaka, Masashi
name: Denholme, Saleem James
name: Fujioka, Masaya
name: Yamaguchi, Takahide
name: Takeya, Hiroyuki
name: Takano, Yoshihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the electrical resistivity of a BiS2-based compound EuFBiS2 under high pressure. Polycrystalline EuFBiS2 shows insulator-metal transition and pressure-induced superconductivity above 0.7 GPa. The superconducting transition temperature increases with increasing applied pressure and shows the maximum value around 8.6 K at 1.8 GPa.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Searching for Phonological Amelioration
Creators: name: Fennell, Joshua
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Grammar, Comparative and general--Phonology

description: Many models of phonotactics predict that the judged acceptability of words should generally decline as word length increases. However, it has been observed that in some cases, a word containing elements of poor acceptability may have its overall acceptability ameliorated by other elements of better acceptability. This paper discusses an experiment performed to test the hypothesis that a word of poor acceptability can see its acceptability improve by appending a string of better acceptability, and secondarily, the hypothesis that acceptability indeed declines with length. The results of the experiment show no evidence to support the first hypothesis, but some degree of support for the second.
Generalizations of Some Inequalities for the $p$-Gamma, $q$-Gamma and $k$-Gamma Functions
Creators: name: Nantomah, Kwara
name: Prempeh, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33B15, 26A48

description: In this paper, we present and prove some generalizations of some inequalities for the $p$-Gamma, $q$-Gamma and $k$-Gamma functions. Our approach makes use of the series representations of the psi, $p$-psi, $q$-psi and $k$-psi functions.
description: 6 pages
Effective dark matter power spectra in $f(R)$ gravity
Creators: name: He, Jian-hua
name: Li, Baojiu
name: Hawken, Adam J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using N-body simulations, we measure the power spectrum of the effective dark matter density field, which is defined through the modified Poisson equation in $f(R)$ cosmologies. We find that when compared to the conventional dark matter power spectrum, the effective power spectrum deviates more significantly from the $Λ$CDM model. For models with $f_{R0}=-10^{-4}$, the deviation can exceed 150\% while the deviation of the conventional matter power spectrum is less than 50\%. Even for models with $f_{R0}=-10^{-6}$, for which the conventional matter power spectrum is very close to the $Λ$CDM prediction, the effective power spectrum shows sizeable deviations. Our results indicate that traditional analyses based on the dark matter density field may seriously underestimate the impact of $f(R)$ gravity on galaxy clustering. We therefore suggest the use of the effective density field in such studies. In addition, based on our findings, we also discuss several possible methods of making use of the differences between the conventional and effective dark matter power spectra in $f(R)$ gravity to discriminate the theory from the $Λ$CDM model.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, revised version, accepted for publication in PRD
First experimental results of the spatial resolution of RSD pad arrays read out with a 16-ch board
Creators: name: Siviero, F.
name: Giobergia, F.
name: Menzio, L.
name: Miserocchi, F.
name: Tornago, M.
name: Arcidiacono, R.
name: Cartiglia, N.
name: Costa, M.
name: Ferrero, M.
name: Gioachin, G.
name: Mandurrino, M.
name: Sola, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resistive Silicon Detectors (RSD, also known as AC-LGAD) are innovative silicon sensors, based on the LGAD technology, characterized by a continuous gain layer that spreads across the whole sensor active area. RSDs are very promising tracking detectors, thanks to the combination of the built-in signal sharing with the internal charge multiplication, which allows large signals to be seen over multiple read-out channels. This work presents the first experimental results obtained from a 3$\times$4 array with 200~\mum~pitch, coming from the RSD2 production manufactured by FBK, read out with a 16-ch digitizer. A machine learning model has been trained, with experimental data taken with a precise TCT laser setup, and then used to predict the laser shot positions, finding a spatial resolution of $\sim$~5.5~\mum.
Rippling and crumpling in disordered free-standing graphene
Creators: name: Gornyi, I. V.
name: Kachorovskii, V. Yu.
name: Mirlin, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene is a famous realization of elastic crystalline 2D membrane. Thermal fluctuations of a 2D membrane tend to destroy the long-range order in the system. Such fluctuations are stabilized by strong anharmonicity effects, which preserve thermodynamic stability. The anharmonic effects demonstrate critical behaviour on scales larger than the Ginzburg scale. In particular, clean suspended flake of graphene shows a power-law increase of the bending rigidity with the system size, $\varkappa\propto L^η,$ due to anharmonic interaction between in-plane and out-of-plane (flexural) phonon modes. We demonstrate that random fluctuations of membrane curvature caused by static disorder may change dramatically the scaling of the bending rigidity and lead to a non-monotonous dependence of $\varkappa$ on $L.$ We derive coupled RG describing combined flow of $\varkappa$ and effective disorder strength $b$, find a critical curve $b(\varkappa)$ separating flat and crumpled phases, and explore the behavior of disorder in the flat phase. Deep in the flat phase, disorder decays in a power-law way at scales larger than the Ginzburg length which therefore sets a characteristic size for the ripples--static out-of-plane deformations observed experimentally in suspended graphene. We find that in the limit $L \to \infty $ ripples are characterized by anomalous exponent $2η$ in contrast to dynamical fluctuations governed by $η$. For sufficiently strong disorder, there exists an intermediate range of spatial scales where ripples decay much slower, with exponent $η/4$. In the near-critical regime, the membrane shows fractal properties implying a multiple folding starting from a certain length scale $L_1$ and finally flattens at a much larger scale $L_2$ (which diverges at criticality). We conclude the paper by a comparison of our results with available experimental data on graphene ripples.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures
A note on the norm convergence by Vilenkin-Fejér means
Creators: name: Tephnadze, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The main aim of this paper is to find necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of Fejér means in terms of the modulus of continuity on the Hardy spaces $H_{p},$ when $0
description: -
Radiative Effects in the Scalar Sector of Vector Leptoquark Models
Creators: name: Houtz, Rachel
name: Pagès, Julie
name: Trifinopoulos, Sokratis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gauge models with massive vector leptoquarks at the TeV scale provide a successful framework for addressing the B-physics anomalies. Among them, the 4321 model has been considered as the low-energy limit of some complete theories of flavor. In this work, we study the renormalization group evolution of this model, laying particular emphasis on the scalar sector. We find that, despite the asymptotic freedom of the gauge couplings, Landau poles can arise at relatively low scale due to the fast running of quartic couplings. Moreover, we discuss the possibility of radiative electroweak symmetry breaking, and characterize the fine-tuning associated with the hierarchy between the electroweak scale and the additional TeV-scale scalars. Finally, the idea of scalar fields unification is explored, motivated by ultraviolet embeddings of the 4321 model.
description: Minor modifications. Version accepted for publication in JHEP
(955) Frederic James Hornsby
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Chromosomal_PPIs_per_sample_per_gene
Creators: name: Downing, Tim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Genomics

description: 4,377 samples' CSV files for chromosomal proteins showing the number index, the String IDs for the protein pairs, combined score, the short String IDs for the protein pairs and number of chromosomal PPIs (c) - for each sample
Fixing a Broken Heart: Cardiac Patches and Wound Healing via Bioelectric Signaling
Creators: name: Menon, Rahul
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Current studies regarding bioelectric stimulation and cell regeneration after heart attack are still ongoing; however, we have developed a reflectance pulse oximeter capable of deep tissue sensing with the help of microneedles that serve as waveguides for light. If the electrical stimulation experiments show promise, this can yield a much cheaper alternative to stem cell usage. Moreover, the deep tissue sensing device can measure blood oxygen saturation for this application and also for complex procedures like flap surgeries. Also, the microneedles that served as a waveguide for this application may be a potential drug delivery method of the future. Our findings may result in cheaper, less invasive, and more effective health care interventions that can hopefully save lives one day.
Comunità. In risposta a 11 domande su Olivetti
Creators: name: Biraghi, Marco
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2019
Subjects: Community
Olivetti
Society
Individualism

description: Marco Biraghi focuses on the concept of community, its different ambiguous meanings, among which stands Olivetti’s idea of a concrete community. Biraghi addresses the concept of community conceived as the foundation of society, a positive project of a physical, cultural and political space that shares much with that which emerges from the reflections of Jean-Luc Nancy and Roberto Esposito: a community based on absence, on the emptiness that allows the affirmation of the absolute individual. Concluding that “the present is moving between an individuation that avoids any implication of boundedness with the other, and the impossible-inaccessible community”.
Equilibria, Dynamics and Current Sheets Formation in Magnetically Confined Coronae
Creators: name: Rappazzo, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of magnetic fields in closed regions of solar and stellar coronae are investigated with a reduced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model in the framework of Parker scenario for coronal heating. A novel analysis of reduced MHD equilibria shows that their magnetic fields have an asymmetric structure in the axial direction with variation length-scale $z_\ell \sim \ell B_0/b$, where $B_0$ is the intensity of the strong axial guide field, $b$ that of the orthogonal magnetic field component, and $\ell$ the scale of $\mathbf{b}$. Equilibria are then quasi-invariant along the axial direction for variation scales larger than approximatively the loop length $z_\ell \gtrsim L_z$, and increasingly more asymmetric for smaller variation scales $z_\ell \lesssim L_z$. The $critical$ $length$ $z_\ell \sim L_z$ corresponds to the magnetic field intensity threshold $b \sim \ell B_0/L_z$. Magnetic fields stressed by photospheric motions cannot develop strong axial asymmetries. Therefore fields with intensities below such threshold evolve quasi-statically, readjusting to a nearby equilibrium, without developing nonlinear dynamics nor dissipating energy. But stronger fields cannot access their corresponding asymmetric equilibria, hence they are out-of-equilibrium and develop nonlinear dynamics. The subsequent formation of current sheets and energy dissipation is $necessary$ for the magnetic field to relax to equilibrium, since dynamically accessible equilibria have variation scales larger than the loop length $z_\ell \gtrsim L_z$, with intensities smaller than the threshold $b \lesssim \ell B_0/L_z$. The dynamical implications for magnetic fields of interest to solar and stellar coronae are investigated numerically and the impact on coronal physics discussed.
description: 22 pages, 9 Figures, ApJ (in press)
Supplementary Materials from Synaesthetic colour associations for Japanese Kanji characters: from the perspective of grapheme learning.
Creators: name: Asano, Michiko
name: So-Ichiro Takahashi
name: Tsushiro, Takuya
name: Yokosawa, Kazuhiko
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Stimulus lists and supplementary results
Testing hypotheses on moments by observations from a mixture with varying concentrations
Creators: name: Doronin, Alexey
name: Maiboroda, Rostyslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A mixture with varying concentrations is a modification of a finite mixture model in which the mixing probabilities (concentrations of mixture components) may be different for different observations. In the paper, we assume that the concentrations are known and the distributions of components are completely unknown. Nonparametric technique is proposed for testing hypotheses on functional moments of components.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.15559/15-VMSTA19 in the Modern Stochastics: Theory and Applications (https://www.i-journals.org/vtxpp/VMSTA) by VTeX (http://www.vtex.lt/)
(952) Martha Ann Mort
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
“Coronavirus Has Changed Everything”: Emotional Experiences During Pregnancy, Birth and the Postpartum Period Among Women Impacted by COVID-19
Creators: name: Natalie Spach
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic may have a unique emotional impact on pregnant people. There is limited qualitative data on the lived psycho-social and emotional experiences of COVID-19+ pregnant and postpartum people during the pandemic. 
Objective: This cross-sectional study, which employed qualitative methodology, seeks to address this gap and characterize the emotional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant and recently pregnant patients in the Boston area who had either suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection during the initial four months of the pandemic. 
Methods: Pregnant and recently pregnant individuals (n=20) from Massachusetts General Hospital obstetrics and gynecology clinical sites with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection were interviewed about their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews were transcribed and coded using NVivo 12 software. Using data display matrices, thematic analysis was performed to identify emergent, cross-cutting themes. 
Results: The final sample consisted of 20 pregnant and postpartum participants who were predominantly white (65%), multigravidas (60%), married (80%), and tested positive for COVID-19 (55%). The most frequently described emotions were anxiety (90%), uncertainty (80%), fear (70%), relief (65%), and sadness (60%). The following three cross-cutting themes were identified: risk, protection, and change. The ways in which participants articulated their emotional reactions to the themes of risk, protection, and change were complex and varied. 
Significance: There was a broad range of negative and positive emotional experiences of pregnancy, birth, and the postpartum period during the first four months of the COVID-19 pandemic. A better understanding of pregnant people’s emotional experiences may lead to changes in clinical practice and institutional policies that are more supportive of their needs and congruent with their values.
Ground States and Dynamical Properties of $S>1/2$ Quantum Heisenberg Model on the 1/5-Depleted Square Lattice
Creators: name: Huang, Jun-Han
name: Liu, Zenan
name: Wu, Han-Qing
name: Yao, Dao-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the $S>1/2$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the 1/5-depleted square lattice as a function of the ratio of the intra-plaquette coupling to the inter-plaquette coupling. Using stochastic series expansion quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we numerically identify three quantum phases, including the dimer phase, Néel phase and plaquette valence bond solid phase. We also obtain the accurate quantum critical points that belong to the O(3) universality class using the large-scale finite-size scaling. Most importantly, we study the dynamic spin structure factors of different phases, which can be measured by inelastic neutron scattering experiments. The low-energy excitations can be explained as triplons in the dimer phase and plaquette valence bond solid phase. While in the Néel phase, the more prominent magnon mode can be found as the spin magnitude increases. Furthermore, we find a broader continuum at smaller $S$, which may be the dynamical signature of nearly deconfined spinon excitations.
Empirical microlensing event rates predicted by a phenomenological model
Creators: name: Poleski, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Estimating the number of microlensing events observed in different parts of the Galactic bulge is a crucial point in planning microlensing experiments. Reliable estimates are especially important if observing resources are scarce, as is the case for space missions: K2, WFIRST, and Euclid. Here we show that the number of detected events can be reliably estimated based on statistics of stars observed in targeted fields. The statistics can be estimated relatively easily, which makes presented method suitable for planning future microlensing experiments.
description: Submitted; online table attached as ancillary file
Comparison of the Z/gamma* + jets to gamma + jets cross sections in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comparison of the differential cross sections for the processes Z/gamma* + jets and photon (gamma) + jets is presented. The measurements are based on data collected with the CMS detector at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. The differential cross sections and their ratios are presented as functions of pt. The measurements are also shown as functions of the jet multiplicity. Differential cross sections are obtained as functions of the ratio of the Z/gamma* pt to the sum of all jet transverse momenta and of the ratio of the Z/gamma* pt to the leading jet transverse momentum. The data are corrected for detector effects and are compared to simulations based on several QCD calculations.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Last chance to see the ice: visitor motivation at Montenvers-Mer-de-Glace, French Alps
Creators: name: Salim, Emmanuel
name: Ravanel, Ludovic
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Anthropogenic climate change is causing significant changes to the cryosphere. Glaciers and glacier tourism are directly impacted, and glacier tourism operators must adapt to the disappearance of their main resource. Recent studies carried out in this context have demonstrated that Last Chance Tourism (LCT) has emerged as the motivation behind viewing or visiting a natural resource before it disappears. The most frequently visited French glacier is Montenvers-Mer-de-Glace (1920 m a.s.l.), which is becoming a LCT destination. Results from both qualitative and quantitative methods demonstrate that visitors come to Montenvers mainly for its environmental features and for LCT purposes. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) shows that motivations can be classified into LCT and five other factors. Qualitative data identify ‘Fame’ as an unexpected motivational category, and different motivational dimensions of each category are explored. Concerning LCT motivation, four dimensions are revealed: observing, understanding, a sense of urgency, and witnessing environmental changes. Moreover, the more respondents are aware of climate change, the more they consider LCT motivations important. These results lead us to link LCT to cognitive dissonance. Finally, we propose that future research should explore LCT and its relationship with media coverage and pro-environmental behaviour.
Maximal operators of Vilenkin-Nörlund means
Creators: name: Persson, L. E.
name: Tephnadze, G.
name: Wall, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we prove and discuss some new $\left(H_{p},weak-L_{p}\right) $ type inequalities of maximal operators of Vilenkin-Nörlund means with monotone coefficients. We also apply these results to prove a.e. convergence of such Vilenkin-Nörlund means. It is also proved that these results are the best possible in a special sense. As applications, both some well-known and new results are pointed out.
Effective Field Theory of Gravitating Continuum: Solids, Fluids, and Aether Unified
Creators: name: Aoki, Katsuki
name: Gorji, Mohammad Ali
name: Mukohyama, Shinji
name: Takahashi, Kazufumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relativistic effective field theory (EFT) describing a non-dissipative gravitating continuum. In addition to ordinary continua, namely solids and fluids, we find an extraordinary more symmetric continuum, aether. In particular, the symmetry of the aether concludes that a homogeneous and isotropic state behaves like a cosmological constant. We formulate the EFT in the unitary/comoving gauge in which the dynamical degrees of freedom of the continuum (phonons) are eaten by the spacetime metric. This gauge choice, which is interpreted as the Lagrangian description in hydrodynamics, offers a neat geometrical understanding of continua. We examine a thread-based spacetime decomposition with respect to the four-velocity of the continuum which is different from the foliation-based Arnowitt-Deser-Misner one. Our thread-based decomposition respects the symmetries of the continua and, therefore, makes it possible to systematically find invariant building blocks of the EFT for each continuum even at higher orders in the derivative expansion. We also discuss the linear dynamics of the system and show that both gravitons and phonons acquire "masses" in a gravitating background.
description: 41 pages + appendices, 1 figure, 3 tables, added explanations, published version
(949) Mildred Hardstaff Wilson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary Materials from Synaesthetic colour associations for Japanese kanji characters: from the perspective of grapheme learning
Creators: name: Asano, Michiko
name: So-Ichiro Takahashi
name: Tsushiro, Takuya
name: Yokosawa, Kazuhiko
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Stimulus lists and supplementary results
Background Shielding by Dense Samples in Low-Level Gamma Spectrometry
Creators: name: Thiesse, M.
name: Scovell, P.
name: Thompson, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In low activity gamma spectrometric measurements of large, dense samples, the bulk sample material shields the HPGe crystal from external background sources. If not accounted for in studies that utilise background-subtraction methods, this effect may result in systematic errors in the sample activity and detection limit estimation. We introduce a Monte Carlo based method to minimise the impact of this effect on sample gamma spectra. It is validated using simulated detector backgrounds and applied to a measurement of low-activity Gd$_2$(SO$_4$)$_3 \cdot$8H$_2$O. One main prerequisite for the correct application of this method is to know in advance the nuclides which contribute to the detector background spectrum and their spatial distribution. With a thorough understanding of the detector backgrounds, the method improves the accuracy of sensitive low-background measurements of low-activity samples. Even without knowing the background sources and their distribution, conservative results may still be presented that account for the potential systematic errors introduced by this background shielding effect.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
Applying supervised clustering to archival appraisal of email: An exploratory study
Creators: name: Byers, Neil
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: Archives--Automation
Machine learning
Appraisal of archival materials
Email

description: This study explores the application of a novel text mining method called “supervised clustering” for archival appraisal of email collections. Varghese, Cawley, and Hong (2018) demonstrate that supervised clustering can achieve high recall and elimination rates with small training sets. This method could help to reduce the labor requirements for sorting email collections as part of appraisal workflows. I examine system performance using a variety of user recall requirement values and seed sets of 10 to 50 documents. I find that with 10 to 50 seed documents, the system can achieve the elimination of between 37% and 88% of non-relevant documents with user recall requirements between 75% and 95%. While my results illustrate that the system requires extensive collection-specific tuning in order to be effective, I find that supervised clustering holds potential as a computer-based aid for archival appraisal of email collections.
(950) Margaret Olive Wilson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Unfolding engineering metamaterials design: relaxed micromorphic modeling of large-scale acoustic meta-structures
Creators: name: Demore, F.
name: Rizzi, G.
name: Collet, M.
name: Neff, P.
name: Madeo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a unit cell showing a band-gap in the lower acoustic domain. The corresponding metamaterial is made up of a periodic arrangement of this unit cell. We rigorously show that the relaxed micromorphic model can be used for metamaterials' design at large scales as soon as suficiently large specimens are considered. We manufacture the metamaterial via metal etching procedures applied to a titanium plate so as to show that its production for realistic applications is viable. Experimental tests are also carried out confirming that the metamaterials' response is in good agreement with the theoretical design. In order to show that our micromorphic model opens unprecedented possibilities in metastructural design, we conceive a finite-size structure that is able to focus elastic energy in a confined region, thus enabling its possible subsequent re-use. Indeed, thanks to the introduction of a well-posed set of micromorphic boundary conditions, we can combine different metamaterials and classical Cauchy materials in such a way that the elastic energy produced by a source of vibrations is focused in specific collection points. The design of this structure would have not been otherwise possible (via e.g., direct simulations), due to the large dimensions of the metastructure, couting hundreds of unit cells.
Search for neutral color-octet weak-triplet scalar particles in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for pair production of neutral color-octet weak-triplet scalar particles (Theta) is performed in processes where one Theta decays to a pair of b quark jets and the other to a Z boson plus a jet, with the Z boson decaying to a pair of electrons or muons. The search is performed with data collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The number of observed events is found to be in agreement with the standard model predictions. The 95% confidence level upper limit on the product of the cross section and branching fraction is obtained as a function of the Theta mass. The 95% confidence level lower bounds on the Theta mass are found to be 623 and 426 GeV, for two different octo-triplet theoretical scenarios. These are the first direct experimental bounds on particles predicted by the octo-triplet model.
description: Replaced with published version. Added the journal reference and DOI
Asymmetry of Superconductivity in Hole- and Electron-doped Cuprates: Explanation within Two-Particle Self-Consistent Analysis for the Three-Band Model
Creators: name: Ogura, Daisuke
name: Kuroki, Kazuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the hole-doped cuprate superconductors, the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ exhibits a dome-like feature against the doping rate. By contrast, recent experiments reveal that $T_c$ in the electron-doped systems monotonically increases as the doping is reduced, at least up to a very small doping rate. Here we show that this asymmetry is reproduced by performing a two-particle self-consistent analysis for the three-band model of the CuO$_2$ plane. This is explained as a combined effect of the intrinsic electron-hole asymmetry in systems comprising Cu3$d$ and O2$p$ orbitals and the band-filling-dependent vertex correction.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Analytical evaluation of cosmological correlation functions
Creators: name: Heckelbacher, T.
name: Sachs, I.
name: Skvortsov, E.
name: Vanhove, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Schwinger-Keldysh-formalism, reformulated in arXiv:2108.01695 as an effective field theory in Euclidean anti-de Sitter, we evaluate the one-loop cosmological four-point function of a conformally coupled interacting scalar field in de Sitter. Recasting the Witten cosmological correlator as flat space Feynman integrals, we evaluate the one-loop cosmological four-point functions in de Sitter space in terms of single-valued multiple polylogarithms. From it we derive anomalous dimensions and OPE coefficients of the dual conformal field theory at space-like, future infinity. In particular, we find an interesting degeneracy in the anomalous dimensions relating operators of neighboring spins.
description: 47 pages. v2: minor corrections. Version published in JHEP
Experiment 1: Details of analyses and methods from Do synaesthesia and mental imagery tap into similar cross-modal processes?.
Creators: name: O'Dowd, Alan
name: Cooney, Sarah M.
name: McGovern, David P.
name: Newell, Fiona N.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Results (details)
Optimal forest rotation age under efficient climate change mitigation
Creators: name: Ekholm, Tommi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper considers the optimal rotation of forests when the carbon flows of forest growth and harvest are priced with an increasing price. Such an evolution of carbon price is generally associated with economically efficient climate change mitigation, and would provide incentives for the land-owner for enhanced carbon sequestration. With an infinitely long sequence of even-aged forest rotations, the optimal harvest age changes with subsequent rotations due to the changing carbon price. The first-order optimality conditions therefore also involve an infinite chain of lengths for consecutive forest rotations, and allow the approximation of the infinite-time problem with a truncated series of forest rotations. Illustrative numerical calculations show that when starting from bare land, the initial carbon price and its growth rate both primarily increase the length of the first rotation. With some combinations of the carbon pricing parameters, the optimal harvest age can be several hundred years if the forest carbon is released to the atmosphere upon harvest. This effect is not, however, entirely monotonous. Consequently, the currently optimal harvest ages are generally lower with higher rates of carbon price increase. This creates an interesting temporal aspect, suggesting that the supply of wood and carbon sequestration by forests can change considerably during subsequent rotations under an increasing price on carbon.
description: in Forest Policy and Economics, 2015
Celestial insights into the S-matrix bootstrap
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sudip
name: Raman, Prashanth
name: Sinha, Aninda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider 2-2 scattering in four spacetime dimensions in Celestial variables. Using the crossing symmetric dispersion relation (CSDR), we recast the Celestial amplitudes in terms of crossing symmetric partial waves. These partial waves have spurious singularities in the complex Celestial variable, which need to be removed in local theories. The locality constraints (null constraints) admit closed form expressions, which lead to novel bounds on partial wave moments. These bounds allow us to quantify the degree of low spin dominance(LSD) for scalar theories. We study a new kind of positivity that seems to be present in a wide class of theories. We prove that this positivity arises only in theories with a spin-0 dominance. The crossing symmetric partial waves with spurious singularities removed, dubbed as Feynman blocks, have remarkable properties in the Celestial variable, namely typically realness, in the sense of Geometric Function Theory (GFT). Using GFT techniques we derive non-projective bounds on Wilson coefficients in terms of partial wave moments.
description: version to appear in JHEP
(951) James Hornsby
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Interaction of a Relativistic Magnetized Collisionless Shock with a Dense Clump
Creators: name: Tomita, Sara
name: Ohira, Yutaka
name: Kimura, Shigeo S.
name: Tomida, Kengo
name: Toma, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interactions between a relativistic magnetized collisionless shock and dense clumps have been expected to play a crucial role on the magnetic field amplification and cosmic-ray acceleration. We investigate this process by two-dimensional Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations for the first time, where the clump size is much larger than the gyroradius of downstream particles. We also perform relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations for the same condition to see the kinetic effects. We find that particles escape from the shocked clump along magnetic field lines in the PIC simulations, so that the vorticity is lower than that in the MHD simulations. Moreover, in both the PIC and MHD simulations, the shocked clump quickly decelerates because of relativistic effects. Owing to the escape and the deceleration, the shocked clump cannot amplify the downstream magnetic field in relativistic collisionless shocks. This large-scale PIC simulation opens a new window to understand large-scale behaviors in collisionless plasma systems.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Automated Test Generation for REST APIs: No Time to Rest Yet
Creators: name: Kim, Myeongsoo
name: Xin, Qi
name: Sinha, Saurabh
name: Orso, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern web services routinely provide REST APIs for clients to access their functionality. These APIs present unique challenges and opportunities for automated testing, driving the recent development of many techniques and tools that generate test cases for API endpoints using various strategies. Understanding how these techniques compare to one another is difficult, as they have been evaluated on different benchmarks and using different metrics. To fill this gap, we performed an empirical study aimed to understand the landscape in automated testing of REST APIs and guide future research in this area. We first identified, through a systematic selection process, a set of 10 state-of-the-art REST API testing tools that included tools developed by both researchers and practitioners. We then applied these tools to a benchmark of 20 real-world open-source RESTful services and analyzed their performance in terms of code coverage achieved and unique failures triggered. This analysis allowed us to identify strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of the tools considered and of their underlying strategies, as well as implications of our findings for future research in this area.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, In Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA) 2022
Experiment 1: Details of analyses and methods from Do synaesthesia and mental imagery tap into similar cross-modal processes?
Creators: name: O'Dowd, Alan
name: Cooney, Sarah M.
name: McGovern, David P.
name: Newell, Fiona N.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Results (details)
ML Detection in Phase Noise Impaired SIMO Channels with Uplink Training
Creators: name: Pitarokoilis, Antonios
name: Björnson, Emil
name: Larsson, Erik G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem of maximum likelihood (ML) detection in training-assisted single-input multiple-output (SIMO) systems with phase noise impairments is studied for two different scenarios, i.e. the case when the channel is deterministic and known (constant channel) and the case when the channel is stochastic and unknown (fading channel). Further, two different operations with respect to the phase noise sources are considered, namely, the case of identical phase noise sources and the case of independent phase noise sources over the antennas. In all scenarios the optimal detector is derived for a very general parametrization of the phase noise distribution. Further, a high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) analysis is performed to show that symbol-error-rate (SER) floors appear in all cases. The SER floor in the case of identical phase noise sources (for both constant and fading channels) is independent of the number of antenna elements. In contrast, the SER floor in the case of independent phase noise sources is reduced when increasing the number of antenna elements (for both constant and fading channels). Finally, the system model is extended to multiple data channel uses and it is shown that the conclusions are valid for these setups, as well.
description: (To appear in IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2015), Contains additional material (Appendix B. T-slot Detectors)
Changing patterns in electroweak precision with new color-charged states: Oblique corrections and the $W$ boson mass
Creators: name: Carpenter, Linda M.
name: Murphy, Taylor
name: Smylie, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent measurement by the CDF Collaboration of the $W$ boson mass is in significant tension with the Standard Model expectation, showing a discrepancy of seven standard deviations. A larger value of $m_W$ affects the global electroweak fit, particularly the best-fit values of the Peskin-Takeuchi parameters $S$, $T$ (and perhaps $U$) that measure oblique corrections from new physics. To meet this challenge, we propose some simple models capable of generating non-negative $S$ and $T$, the latter of which faces the greatest upward pressure from the CDF measurement in scenarios with $U=0$. Our models feature weak multiplets of scalars charged under $\mathrm{SU}(3)_{\text{c}} \times \mathrm{U}(1)_Y$, which cannot attain nonzero vacuum expectation values but nevertheless produce e.g. $T \neq 0$ given some other mechanism to split the electrically charged and neutral scalars. We compute the oblique corrections in these models and identify ample parameter space supporting the CDF value of $m_W$.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. Updated to resemble Phys. Rev. D Version of Record
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CHITOSANS AS TRANSFORMATIVE COAGULANTS-FLOCCULANTS TO IMPROVE SAND FILTER DRINKING WATER TREATMENT
Creators: name: Holmes, Eleanor Bailey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 2.1 billion people worldwide lack access to safely-managed water sources.  Sand filtration at point-of-use is widely used but does not meet WHO performance targets to reduce virus and bacteria levels in drinking water.  This research evaluated chitosan, an organic coagulant-flocculant, to improve microbial and turbidity reductions by sand filtration.  Bench-scale 3.9-cm diameter intermittently-operated slow sand column filters with 16-cm sand layers of two different grain sizes were dosed daily over 57-days with microbially-spiked surface water volumes corresponding to daily household use.  E. coli bacteria and MS2 coliphage virus reductions were quantified biweekly using culture methods.  Bacteria and virus reductions were significantly improved at optimal chitosan doses of 10 and 30 mg/L (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum, p < 0.05), and achieved log10 reductions meeting 2-star WHO performance levels.  Microbial and turbidity reductions generally improved over filter operating time and showed no correlation with water filtration rate.