cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Scale of pluton/wall rock interaction near May Lake, Yosemite National Park, California, USA
Creators: name: Mills, Ryan Douglas
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The western outer granodiorite of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite intruded a variety of metasedimentary wall rocks at 93.1 ± 0.1 Ma. The May Lake metamorphic screen (4500 x 550 m) is a remnant of the chemically diverse metasedimentary host rocks. Their chemical contrast with the invading pluton provides an excellent location to study pluton/wall rock interactions. Outside the screen, visible wall-rock xenoliths (mostly pelitic quartzite) are predominantly located in an elongate horizon surrounded by a hybridized fine-grained granodiorite. Initial Sr and Nd isotopic ratios of the hybridized granodiorite indicate incorporation of crustal material. Major- and trace-element geochemical data indicate contamination of the granodiorite with pelitic metasedimentary rocks occurred in two modes, selective assimilation of 1) a high-K partial-melt derived from pelitic quartzite, and 2) a low-K partial-melt derived from pelitic quartzite. However, there is little evidence for contamination of granodiorite beyond the immediate vicinity of wall rock inclusions.
Phemenological Modelling of a Group of Eclipsing Binary Stars
Creators: name: Andronov, Ivan L.
name: Tkachenko, Mariia G.
name: Chinarova, Lidia L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phenomenological modeling of variable stars allows determination of a set of the parameters, which are needed for classification in the "General Catalogue of Variable Stars" and similar catalogs. We apply a recent method NAV ("New Algol Variable") to eclipsing binary stars of different types. Although all periodic functions may be represented as Fourier series with an infinite number of coefficients, this is impossible for a finite number of the observations. Thus one may use a restricted Fourier series, i.e. a trigonometric polynomial (TP) of order s either for fitting the light curve, or to make a periodogram analysis. However, the number of parameters needed drastically increases with decreasing width of minimum. In the NAV algorithm, the special shape of minimum is used, so the number of parameters is limited to 10 (if the period and initial epoch are fixed) or 12 (not fixed). We illustrate the NAV method by application to a recently discovered Algol-type eclipsing variable 2MASS J11080308-6145589 (in the field of previously known variable star RS Car) and compare results to that obtained using the TP fits. For this system, the statistically optimal number of parameters is 44, but the fit is still worse than that of the NAV fit. Application to the system GSC 3692-00624 argues that the NAV fit is better than the TP one even for the case of EW-type stars with much wider eclipses. Model parameters are listed.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Horizons and free path distributions in quasiperiodic Lorentz gases
Creators: name: Kraemer, Atahualpa S.
name: Schmiedeberg, Michael
name: Sanders, David P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure of quasiperiodic Lorentz gases, i.e., particles bouncing elastically off fixed obstacles arranged in quasiperiodic lattices. By employing a construction to embed such structures into a higher dimensional periodic hyperlattice, we give a simple and efficient algorithm for numerical simulation of the dynamics of these systems. This same construction shows that quasiperiodic Lorentz gases generically exhibit a regime with infinite horizon, that is, empty channels through which the particles move without colliding, when the obstacles are small enough; in this case, the distribution of free paths is asymptotically a power law with exponent -3, as expected from infinite-horizon periodic Lorentz gases. For the critical radius at which these channels disappear, however, a new regime with locally-finite horizon arises, where this distribution has an unexpected exponent of -5, previously observed only in a Lorentz gas formed by superposing three incommensurable periodic lattices in the Boltzmann-Grad limit where the radius of the obstacles tends to zero.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Dynamics of Disagreement: Large-Scale Temporal Network Analysis Reveals Negative Interactions in Online Collaboration
Creators: name: Tsvetkova, Milena
name: García-Gavilanes, Ruth
name: Yasseri, Taha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disagreement and conflict are a fact of social life and considerably affect our well-being and productivity. Such negative interactions are rarely explicitly declared and recorded and this makes them hard for scientists to study. We overcome this challenge by investigating the patterns in the timing and configuration of contributions to a large online collaboration community. We analyze sequences of reverts of contributions to Wikipedia, the largest online encyclopedia, and investigate how often and how fast they occur compared to a null model that randomizes the order of actions to remove any systematic clustering. We find evidence that individuals systematically attack the same person and attack back their attacker; both of these interactions occur at a faster response rate than expected. We also establish that individuals come to defend an attack victim but we do not find evidence that attack victims "pay it forward" or that attackers collude to attack the same individual. We further find that high-status contributors are more likely to attack many others serially, status equals are more likely to revenge attacks back, while attacks by lower-status contributors trigger attacks forward; yet, it is the lower-status contributors who also come forward to defend third parties. The method we use can be applied to other large-scale temporal communication and collaboration networks to identify the existence of negative social interactions and other social processes.
description: Forthcoming in Scientific Reports
Evershed flow observed in neutral and singly ionized iron lines
Creators: name: Khomenko, E.
name: Collados, M.
name: Shchukina, N.
name: Diaz, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The amplitudes of the Evershed flow are measured using pairs of carefully selected FeI and FeII spectral lines located close in wavelength and registered simultaneously. A sunspot belonging to the NOAA 11582 group was scanned using the spectrograph of the German Vacuum Tower Telescope (Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife). Velocities were extracted from intensity profiles using the lambda-meter technique. The formation heights of the observed spectral lines were calculated using semi-empirical models of a bright and dark penumbral filament taking into account the sunspot location at the limb. Our objective is to compare azimuthally averaged amplitudes of the Evershed flow extracted from neutral and ion lines. We find measurable differences in the radial component of the flow. All five pairs of lines show the same tendency, with a few hundred m/s larger amplitude of the flow measured from FeI lines compared to FeII lines. This tendency is preserved at all photospheric heights and radial distances in the penumbra. We discuss the possible origin of this effect.
description: to appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics
The post-Soviet Russian media reform
Creators: name: Zhang, Wenjie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: This thesis explores the post-Soviet Russian media reform from Mikhail Gorbachev's glasnost in 1986 to Vladimir Putin's control of the media in 2005. It traces the trajectory of the Russian media reform after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, follows several typical trends in various periods of transition, analyzes the main actors in the transition and their different strategies, and finally tries to answer the question: why was the Russian media reform a failure?
Generalization of the van der Waals equation for anisotropic fluids in porous media
Creators: name: Holovko, Myroslav
name: Shmotolokha, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized van der Waals equation of state for anisotropic liquids in porous media consists of two terms.One of them is based on the equation of state for hard spherocylinders in random porous media obtained from the scaled particle theory.The second term is expressed in terms of the mean value of attractive intermolecular interactions.The obtained equation is used for the investigation of the gas-liquid-nematic phase behavior of a molecular system depending on the anisotropy of molecule shapes, anisotropy of attractive intermolecular interactions, and porosity of a porous medium.It is shown that the anisotropic phase is formed by the anisotropy of attractive intermolecular interactions and by the anisotropy of molecular shapes.The anisotropy of molecular shapes shifts the phase diagram to lower densities and higher temperatures.The anisotropy of attractive interactions widens significantly the coexistence region between the isotropic and anisotropic phases and shifts it to the region of lower densities and higher temperatures.It is shown that, for sufficiently long spherocylinders, the liquid-gas transition is localized completely within the nematic region.For all the considered cases, the decrease of the porosity shifts the phase diagram to the region of lower densities and lower temperatures.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
‘More construction than destruction’: the ambiguous place of architectural heritage in a reconstructing Belfast circa 1972-89
Creators: name: Mcclelland, Andrew
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: The urban landscape of the city of Belfast was radically transformed from the late 1960s by a combination of state-sponsored reconstruction and civil unrest, including paramilitary activity associated with the period in Northern Ireland euphemistically known as the Troubles. This paper explores the sometimes competing and contradictory interpretations of destruction in the built environment as the UK government sought to promulgate a narrative of progressive change in the fortunes of Belfast in the face of a prolonged terrorist campaign, with the discussion partially framed using Vale’s ideas on the social construction of urban resilience. The narrative is illuminated by the case of the Castlecourt development in the heart of the city in the 1980s, which was controversial for its demolition of prominent Victorian-era buildings. The paper addresses the political questions of the ambiguous place of architectural heritage in Belfast circa 1972-89, who dominated power relations in the city, and who benefited from key redevelopment decisions. It provides insights with contemporary resonance into the critical importance of institutional architecture and governance to the setting of government priorities and the application of power in conflicted places.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 4 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Planning and Heritage
A new master plan for the “gran Madrid Capital de España” after the Civil War
Creators: name: Sassi, Piero
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: As was the case in the allied dictatorships of Mussolini’s Italy and Hitler’s Germany, the attempt to impose a new order in the urban region of the regime’s capital city was also an important issue of national concern in Franco’s Spain. Madrid was to become the new capital city of the New State (Nuevo Estado), an expression of the transformed socio-political conditions. The new Master Plan had thus to overcome some of Madrid’s chronic problems, such as a dramatic housing shortage among the poorest segments of society and the growth of informal settlements in the urban region. The intended solution was a “planetary system" (Comisaría General de Ordenación Urbana de Madrid, 1953) based upon strong separations between inner city and new satellite towns, as well as between urban and rural areas. This paper critically discusses the proposed “new” order. Moreover, the contradictory manner of its implementation will be reflected upon. Looking back, there is an evident connection between the plan and the pre-war planning debate. From today's perspective, Madrid’s uncontrolled urban growth into the surrounding region throughout that period (1940s and 1950s) can be understood more so as a consequence of the particular production conditions of the time than as an outcome of the new Master Plan.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 4 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Planning and Heritage
Hanoi’s septic tanks – technology of a city in flow from the late 19th century till today
Creators: name: Schramm, Sophie
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Septic tanks and their simple and stable brick structures contrast the highly complex and dynamic social and material processes within and outside them. Bacteria digest wastewaters and permanently change their composition as they flow from the households through the tanks and the city. Humans shape these dynamics as they build houses, re-construct tanks and drainage systems and with their practices regarding the maintenance of the tanks or their neglect. Septic tanks were central to French colonial sanitation planning in Hanoi. From the end of the 19th century on they were supposed to replace the then predominant night-soil system which French engineers deemed a „défi aux règles d´hygiène les plus élémentaires” and thus to bring a specific order to the city’s sanitary situation. Sanitation planning involved not only the decentralised tanks installed under individual buildings and respective practices, but a city wide re-ordering of material flows with the centralised treatment of septage sludge and the generation of bio-gas. In contrast, current large-scale sanitation interventions and planning largely neglect septic tanks and attempt to bring order to sanitation in Hanoi with the installation of „central large-scaled wastewater treatment plants”. However, today septic tanks are spread throughout Hanoi; they have become the city’s predominant means of sanitation. This paper examines the history of septic tanks in Hanoi regarding engineers’ and planners’ ideas and imaginations focusing on the late 19th century and the past decade until today. It contrasts the imaginations of the 19th century with the actual technology that became known as the septic tank in Hanoi and respective practices, which deviate from original planning in place-specific ways within the city. Hanoi’s septic tanks of today defeat planners’ imaginations of urban order as they even incorporate elements of the historic night-soil system dismissed by urban engineers since French colonial era. They produce particular dis-orders, which transcend urban-rural boundaries and are constitutive of Hanoi’s urbanisation dynamics with blurred and constantly changing passages between urban and rural rather than fixed threshold. This paper conceptualises Hanoi’s septic tanks as elements in broader urban sociotechnical ensembles, which constantly change but at the same time perpetually resist formal planning, and their interrelations with urbanisation dynamics from colonial times to present.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 4 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Planning and Heritage
Garbage in the City – Waste in and around Berlin
Creators: name: Blass, Bjoern
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: “The garbage has to get out of Berlin!” Such outcries of administrators’ dismay were quite common as the waste problem of metropolises like Berlin reached unprecedented proportions towards the end of the nineteenth century. What remained unmentioned, however, was that getting the garbage “out” also entailed putting it someplace else. As disposal sites within the city limits were regarded as unsanitary and insufficient, the vast rural space surrounding the young empire’s capital appeared as an obvious solution. Not only did the immediate periphery provide the metropolis with resources but it was now supposed to absorb its waste as well, thus adding to an already complex relationality between the urban and the rural. The paper examines both discourses and techniques of waste disposal in Berlin around 1900. Novel patterns of consumption, dense housing, and an increasing population turned waste into an urban problem of unprecedented scale. Waste ranked high among metropolitan scourges as refuse and filth were markers of disorder. Influenced by rising standards of public health, capitalist efficiency, and technological progress, established practices of collecting, sorting, and disposing came under close scrutiny. Increased public pressure applied by social reformers and fuelled by unsavoury and unsanitary living conditions turned waste into a political issue that led to a transformation of urban infrastructures and a policing of urbanites’ every-day habits. These changes, however, did not come about without conflicts. While waste itself presents a resilient material leftover that defies attempts to (re)establish order, the sheer amounts of urban garbage could not be digested by the growing metropolis alone. The city depended heavily on its rural periphery for it to absorb and (ideally) reintroduce waste into material cycles of production and help provide a modicum of urban hygiene. The issue of waste put the relationship between metropolis and periphery to the test, exemplified by Berlin’s 30-kilometers-wide cordon sanitaire, destined to separate the delicate urban order from its rural waste deposits.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 4 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Planning and Heritage
Ground-state phase diagram of the quantum Rabi model
Creators: name: Ying, Zu-Jian
name: Liu, Maoxin
name: Luo, Hong-Gang
name: Lin, Hai-Qing
name: You, J. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rabi model plays a fundamental role in understanding light-matter interaction. It reduces to the Jaynes-Cummings model via the rotating-wave approximation, which is applicable only to the cases of near resonance and weak coupling. However, recent experimental breakthroughs in upgrading light-matter coupling order require understanding the physics of the full quantum Rabi model (QRM). Despite the fact that its integrability and energy spectra have been exactly obtained, the challenge to formulate an exact wavefunction in a general case still hinders physical exploration of the QRM. Here we unveil a ground-state phase diagram of the QRM, consisting of a quadpolaron and a bipolaron as well as their changeover in the weak-, strong- and intermediate-coupling regimes, respectively. An unexpected overweighted antipolaron is revealed in the quadpolaron state, and a hidden scaling behavior relevant to symmetry breaking is found in the bipolaron state. An experimentally accessible parameter is proposed to test these states, which might provide novel insights into the nature of the light-matter interaction for all regimes of the coupling strengths.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, Physical Review A, in press
Religious involvement among youth of higher and lower socioeconomic backgrounds: exploring influences on educational expectations and orientations
Creators: name: Lee, Bo Hyeong Jane
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2012

description: The literature on the effects of religiosity among youth theorizes that being religious has a generally positive effect on educational outcomes. However, much of this discourse has been limited in the extent to which individual contexts are examined as significant frames within which experiences and opportunities unfold. Using both survey and interview data from the National Study of Youth and Religion, I explore more thoroughly how the influence of religious involvement among youth upon educational expectations and orientations may differ by family socioeconomic contexts. Inductive analysis of youth's responses reveals that there are significant differences in what being religious means to youth from lower and higher socioeconomic backgrounds, which critically impacts how youth talk about education in relation to what it means to be religious and what mechanisms are present linking religious involvement to educational opportunities.
Urban Ruralities or the New Urban-Rural Paradigm - Introduction
Creators: name: Kress, Celina
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Classical theories of urbanisation are based on a strict distinction of ‘the urban’ and ‘the non-urban’ and closely linked with concepts of order and organisation. Continuous statistics regarding the changing relation between people living in cities and outside cities and the extensive celebration of the demographic shift towards the ‘urban side’ in 2007 as a significant marker of the “Urban Age” clearly reflect this perspective. We do not question the general historic dichotomy of cities and the countryside but we oppose models which generally place the city in the centre or tend to colonise the country conceptually (“urbanised landscapes”, “planetary urbanism” etc.). The concept of “Urban Ruralities“ assembles research approaches which challenge a supposed hegemony of the 'urban order.' We propose to look at the city from its region and from the fringes. Shifting the perspective we want to find out about rural/non-urban logics and dynamics and their impact on urbanisation processes. Since the unfolding phase of town planning in the 19th century the formation and installation of order was a prerequisite for achieving healthy and just living conditions. Order became the equivalent of ‘the good city’ or ‘the urban.’ Accordingly the planning disciplines as well as the scholarly analysis of urbanising processes tend towards a conceptual prioritisation of order and ‘the urban’ over forms of disorder or non-urban and rural phenomena. In this session we rather propose to take into account a “complex relationality” of the opposing qualities: we are interested in examples which show and help explain that in most urbanising processes order and disorder, aspects of ‘the urban’ and ‘the rural’, are deeply entangled and belonging together as the two sides of a coin (new urban-rural paradigm). The four case studies of this session discuss two influential perspectives in this field: the planning and testing of modern infrastructure systems during the late 19th century in Berlin and Hanoi and the concept of 'Stadtlandschaft' in the reconstruction master plans of Madrid and Hamburg during the 1940s. Both topics are closely related and will display complementary manifestations of territorial, material, and representational ambivalence in urban-rural and centre-periphery relation. With this research we aim at a clearer conception of complex, uncontrolled and intertwined urban-rural assemblies and dynamics which dominantly materialise at the urban fringes, in zones of spatial, functional and habitual overlap, and in simultaneously growing and shrinking areas worldwide. We look for analytical tools to describe the continuously shifting condition of urban-rural relations and exchanges. This research can contribute to display, explain and conceptualise the resilience of cities through history – a focus of this conference.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 4 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Planning and Heritage
Terrestrial planets across space and time
Creators: name: Zackrisson, E.
name: Calissendorff, P.
name: Gonzalez, J.
name: Benson, A.
name: Johansen, A.
name: Janson, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of cosmology, galaxy formation and exoplanets has now advanced to a stage where a cosmic inventory of terrestrial planets may be attempted. By coupling semi-analytic models of galaxy formation to a recipe that relates the occurrence of planets to the mass and metallicity of their host stars, we trace the population of terrestrial planets around both solar-mass (FGK type) and lower-mass (M dwarf) stars throughout all of cosmic history. We find that the mean age of terrestrial planets in the local Universe is $7\pm{}1$ Gyr for FGK hosts and $8\pm{}1$ Gyr for M dwarfs. We estimate that hot Jupiters have depleted the population of terrestrial planets around FGK stars by no more than $\approx 10\%$, and that only $\approx 10\%$ of the terrestrial planets at the current epoch are orbiting stars in a metallicity range for which such planets have yet to be confirmed. The typical terrestrial planet in the local Universe is located in a spheroid-dominated galaxy with a total stellar mass comparable to that of the Milky Way. When looking at the inventory of planets throughout the whole observable Universe, we argue for a total of $\approx 1\times 10^{19}$ and $\approx 5\times 10^{20}$ terrestrial planets around FGK and M stars, respectively. Due to light travel time effects, the terrestrial planets on our past light cone exhibit a mean age of just $1.7\pm 0.2$ Gyr. These results are discussed in the context of cosmic habitability, the Copernican principle and searches for extraterrestrial intelligence at cosmological distances.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures. v.2: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Some changes in quantitative results compared to v.1, mainly due to differences in IMF assumptions
Place-making with avenue systems, a Dutch planning design tradition
Creators: name: Debie, Patricia
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: From the sixteenth century on the Dutch landscape has been transformed by the building of country residences called estates and their expansions with gardens and parks. These rural properties were surrounded by impressive avenue systems that (re-)ordered the waste landscape and made remote regions more accessible. Several Dutch avenue systems have remarkable layouts that are comparable with famous palaces like Hampton Court (Great Britain) or Versailles (France). The Dutch castles were owned by members of the Court or their political advisers, who used them as hunting estates. As the geometrical avenue systems expressed political power, they were extended over centuries, regardless of changes in garden fashion. The impressive avenue designs according to classic Italian design principles were initiated by the estate owners themselves. Especially members of the Dutch Court propagated their ideas to connect the avenue systems of the castles with new built churches and village expansions. This laying out of avenues was a new kind of urbanisation and a starting point for the classic Dutch landscape tradition that inspired many estate owners. Some of these early examples of ‘place-making’ are still recognisable as main structures in Dutch cities and landscape and express a well-structured place.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 4 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Planning and Heritage
Sejong open cluster survey (SOS) - V. The active star forming region Sh 2-255 -- 257
Creators: name: Lim, Beomdu
name: Sung, Hwankyung
name: Hur, Hyeonoh
name: Lee, Byeong-Cheol
name: Bessell, Michael S.
name: Kim, Jinyoung S.
name: Lee, Kang Hwan
name: Park, Byeong-Gon
name: Jeong, Gwanghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is much observational evidence that active star formation is taking place in the HII regions Sh 2-255 -- 257. We present a photometric study of this star forming region (SFR) using imaging data obtained in passbands from the optical to the mid-infrared in order to study the star formation process. A total of 218 members were identified using various selection criteria based on their observational properties. The SFR is reddened by at least E(B-V) = 0.8 mag, and the reddening law toward the region is normal (R_V = 3.1). From the zero-age main sequence fitting method it is confirmed that the SFR is 2.1 +/- 0.3 kpc from the Sun. The median age of the identified members is estimated to be about 1.3 Myr from comparison of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD) with stellar evolutionary models. The initial mass function (IMF) is derived from the HRD and the near-infrared (J, J-H) color-magnitude diagram. The slope of the IMF is about Gamma = -1.6 +/- 0.1, which is slightly steeper than that of the Salpeter/Kroupa IMF. It implies that low-mass star formation is dominant in the SFR. The sum of the masses of all the identified members provides the lower limit of the cluster mass (169M_sun). We also analyzed the spectral energy distribution (SED) of pre-main sequence stars using the SED fitting tool of Robitaille et al. and confirm that there is a significant discrepancy between stellar mass and age obtained from two different methods based on the SED fitting tool and the HRD.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in J. of Korean Astronomical Society (JKAS)
Effect of exercise in a warm environment on circulating neutrophils
Creators: name: Cooper, Erica S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine if exercise in the heat elicited a greater increase in the number of circulating neutrophils than exercise in a cool environment. The secondary purposes were to, 1) investigate the relationship between the change in core temperature (T(re)) and the degree of neutrophilia and 2) validate a previously stated hypothesis that T(re) must increase to greater than 38°C to elicit a significant rise in neutrophilia. Cycling for 40 minutes at 65% VO(2)peak caused neutrophilia, which was most evident two hours post-exercise. Moreover, exposure to the heat during exercise resulted in higher core temperatures and elicited a greater neutrophilia two hours post-exercise. No relationship was observed between a T(re) of 38°C and increases in the circulating neutrophil count. However, a T(re) of 38°C appears to contribute to exercise-induced neutrophilia since a greater exercise-induced T(re) occurred concomitantly with greater neutrophilia.
Robust Face Recognition via Multimodal Deep Face Representation
Creators: name: Ding, Changxing
name: Tao, Dacheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Face images appeared in multimedia applications, e.g., social networks and digital entertainment, usually exhibit dramatic pose, illumination, and expression variations, resulting in considerable performance degradation for traditional face recognition algorithms. This paper proposes a comprehensive deep learning framework to jointly learn face representation using multimodal information. The proposed deep learning structure is composed of a set of elaborately designed convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and a three-layer stacked auto-encoder (SAE). The set of CNNs extracts complementary facial features from multimodal data. Then, the extracted features are concatenated to form a high-dimensional feature vector, whose dimension is compressed by SAE. All the CNNs are trained using a subset of 9,000 subjects from the publicly available CASIA-WebFace database, which ensures the reproducibility of this work. Using the proposed single CNN architecture and limited training data, 98.43% verification rate is achieved on the LFW database. Benefited from the complementary information contained in multimodal data, our small ensemble system achieves higher than 99.0% recognition rate on LFW using publicly available training set.
description: To appear in IEEE Trans. Multimedia
Slum toponymy in Nairobi: A cultural arena for socio-political justice and symbolic resistance
Creators: name: Wanjiru, Melissa
name: Matsubara, Kosuke
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: Slum dwellers in Nairobi, despite making up half of the city’s population , are a socially, politically and economically marginalised group. There are an estimated 134 slums which occupy about 1% of the city area . Much research has been done on the challenges facing slum dwellers with an aim to improve their living conditions. This study aims to contribute to that effort by analysing how the names of places (toponymy) within slums, can be used to explain the challenges of these settlements from the vantage point of the namers – the residents themselves. The name then becomes an illuminating social code as regards the spatial organization of the slums . Typically, slums in Nairobi are named after the original settlers (Mukuru -kwa Reuben and kwa Njenga), geographical conditions (Kibera, Mashimoni), other places (Beirut, Kosovo and Vietnam) or past local and global events (Soweto Uprising in South Africa). Other names are a blend of one or more things or could mean different things at the same time. For instance Kosovo, Vietnam and Soweto, could be references to the wars and uprising and not the locations themselves. These examples evidence the inclination of slum toponymy towards places or events associated with social-political struggles. It is on this premise that we look at the symbology behind the names, what they communicate about the lives of the residents and their resilience in the face of many socio-political and economic challenges. In this study we will take Kibera as a specific case. It is the largest slum in Kenya and Africa. Data on Kibera was obtained through: archival research, a Focused Group Discussion held with the Nubian Council of elders, and field surveys in September 2015. Analysis was done through toponymic layering to show how names have evolved along a time-space continuum. These toponymic layers were further analysed along ethnic, political, geographical and historical axes to understand their meanings and implications on space. The study showcases the cultural and social resistance and resilience of urban slum dwellers in Nairobi. Toponymic resistance (warfare) is seen through: use of global names associated with conflict to highlight their plight, refusal to use names imposed by government, or the use of ethnic names in order to mark spatial territories. All these struggles are embedded within the spatial toponymic framework of Nairobi slums.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 4 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Planning and Heritage
The formation and evolution of reconnection-driven slow-mode shocks in a partially ionised plasma
Creators: name: Hillier, Andrew
name: Takasao, Shinsuke
name: Nakamura, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of slow-mode MHD shocks in magnetic reconnection is one of great importance for energy conversion and transport, but in many astrophysical plasmas the plasma is not fully ionised. In this paper, we investigate, using numerical simulations, the role of collisional coupling between a proton-electron charge-neutral fluid and a neutral hydrogen fluid for the 1D Riemann problem initiated in a constant pressure and density background state by a discontinuity in the magnetic field. This system, in the MHD limit, is characterised by two waves: a fast-mode rarefaction wave that drives a flow towards a slow-mode MHD shock. The system evolves through four stage: initiation, weak coupling, intermediate coupling and a quasi steady state. The initial stages are characterised by an over-pressured neutral region that expands with characteristics of a blast wave. In the later stages, the system tends towards a self-similar solution where the main drift velocity is concentrated in the thin region of the shock front. Due to the nature of the system, the neutral fluid is overpressured by the shock when compared to a purely hydrodynamic shock which results in the neutral fluid expanding to form the shock precursor. The thickness of the shockfront once it has formed proportional to the ionisation fraction to the power -1.2, which is a smaller exponent than would be naively expected from simple scaling arguments. One interesting result is that the shock front is a continuous transition of the physical variables for sub-sonic velocity upstream of the shock front (a c-shock) to a sharp jump in the physical variables followed by a relaxation to the downstream values for supersonic upstream velocity (a j-shock). The frictional heating that results from the velocity drift across the shock front can amount to approximately two per cent of the reference magnetic energy.
description: 16 pages, 19 figures, published in A&A
The authority of planners as seen by the common population: representations in popular music (São Paulo, Brazil)
Creators: name: Silva, Marcos
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: This paper aims at examining the images and discourses related to the figure of the urban planner or manager as seen by the common population, especially the poorer inhabitants of the city of São Paulo (Brazil) during the 1950's and 1960's. The general purpose is to establish a contrast between the usually celebrated image of urban planners as professionals devoted to the “common good”, and the popular perception that they often adopt an authoritarian approach towards the people, their lifestyles or identity places. For that purposes, the study examines a series of popular songs recorded during the period and, by means of a discourse analysis of their lyrics, investigates the representations of the urban authorities found in popular music. With privilege given to sambas, composed by artists such as Adoniran Barbosa, Paulo Vanzolini and others, the paper assumes that the narratives of the songs represent a set of common and identifiable perceptions of the public in relation to the authorities. Although not intended to be accurate testimonials, the songs can be seen as legitimate evidences of the tensions or conflicts between the common people and the establishment, as seen from the point of view of these people. The songs can illustrate the forms by which the population dealt with the authority of State (represented by the planner, who the artists usually name as "Doctor") in situations of urban reforms and resettlement. The main finding of the study is that, for most of the "ordinary people", the planner does not always intend to satisfy the needs of the whole population of a city when designing the urban transformations – instead, he is simply an authority to which the inhabitants must submit. In addition, the transformations of the city means frequently the loss of places of memory, sociability and identity, since the small, local features of a place are usually disregarded in favour of a large-scale view of city management.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 4 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Planning and Heritage
A Historical Investigation of Sexuality and Marked Space - Case Study: Urban Historical Neighbourhood in Tehran
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Maryam
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: efore the 1970s, the adoption of an old global hypothesis (i.e. male/female dichotomy, in which different spheres are defined based on gender), was a key reason why the approach to gender justice could not attract attention in urban planning. This hypothesis argued in particular that women belong to the home and internal space and men to the public sphere and external spaces, while planning is to ensure that social justice is established and therefore the attention should inevitably give to the approach of inclusion instead of women’s exclusion. So the main goal of this paper is to discuss the concept of gender, justice, and gender justice and also present the approach of women’s inclusion vs. women’s exclusion through history of urban planning. For this investigation two urban planning models (the traditional urban planning model- comprehensive plan and the strategic urban planning model) have selected and deeply examined. For better understanding of the influences of urban planning models on producing the gendered marked space or a responsive space, neighbourhood scale as the main space of women’s presence has chosen in Tehran. Since the historical development is an important consideration in this study, Chizar neighbourhood is chosen as an appropriate case because of its long history and religious identity, and also the changes created during the process of urban development plans in Tehran. Therefore, it provides an ideal text for evaluating the level of gender justice in the context of traditional structure of Iranian neighbourhoods. This study is an applied research of descriptive-analytical nature, in which the in-depth interview was used as the data collection method and the sample size was 30. Women’s narrations about their everyday space are considered as a measure to analyse markedness, which serves as the basis for identifying dichotomies or binary oppositions that are affected by the old male/female dichotomy. The results showed that the historical neighbourhoods changed during the urban development process in Tehran have failed to respond to gender justice concerns and, compared to previous models, sometimes have worked more inappropriately and desirably in the views of women.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 4 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Planning and Heritage
Statistics of an adiabatic charge pump
Creators: name: Yadalam, Hari Kumar
name: Harbola, Upendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of time-dependent cyclic-adiabatic driving on the charge transport in quantum junction. We propose a nonequilibrium Greens function formalism to study statistics of the charge pumped (at zero bias) through the junction. The formulation is used to demonstrate charge pumping in a single electronic level coupled to two (electronic) reservoirs with time dependent couplings. Analytical expression for the average pumped current for a general cyclic driving is derived. It is found that for zero bias, for a certain class of driving, the Berry phase contributes only to the odd cumulants. To contrast, a quantum master equation formulation does not show Berry-phase effect at all.
The IAPI housing estate in Honório Gurgel: Elements of Permanence and Transformations
Creators: name: Fagerlande, Sergio
name: Souza, Ana Claudia
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2016

description: One of the major contributions by modern architects and urban planning specialists has been their concern with housing, especially that of the privileged. One of the good examples of this trend in building housing estates, linked to the policies practised by the Brazilian Government in the 1940s is the [borough of] Honório Gurgel IAPI housing estate, designed by architect Eduardo Pereira de Carvalho and civil engineer Adolpho Constant Burnay, of the IAPI's Engineering Department, inaugurated in 1947. The story behind this housing estate and its relation with the Northern Rio de Janeiro borough, its origin related to the train service and the industrialisation projects then blooming in the country and in the city, and of how the popular participation played its part, with the citizens and in the borough, is the object of this paper, where an attempt is made to understand how the local history was influenced by this housing estate and how it continues to relate with this architecture and the urban implementation, in its public and private spaces, in the domains intentionally built and those found in the residual areas. The article also focuses on how the occupation of the residual spaces has been happening along the railway, done by dwellers of the old housing estate, and on how spaces that were not specifically designed to such end became important for their inhabitants. The work seeks to relate these spaces with the living experiences of their dwellers, as done by Jan Gehl, and does it not only through an observation of the borough and of the use given to its public spaces, but also focusing on the history of the housing estate and that of the entire neighbourhood. Based on the work of authors such as Nabil Bonduki and Ana Paula Koury, who studied the architecture of the housing estate and the social history of popular housing in Brazil, and on the work by Zuleika Souza, who provides an account of the experiences of dwellers based on her own experiences as a dweller and community activist, and on the work of authors who studied the growth of urban formation in Rio de Janeiro, such as Mauricio Abreu, this article seeks to recover an important experience that lingers on, showing the relevance of architecture and urban planning, at that time of modernism for the city, its public spaces, as well as its dwellers.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 17 No. 4 (2016): HISTORY URBANISM RESILIENCE: Planning and Heritage
A global view of gravity waves in the Martian atmosphere inferred from a high-resolution general circulation model
Creators: name: Kuroda, Takeshi
name: Medvedev, Alexander S.
name: Yiğit, Erdal
name: Hartogh, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global characteristics of the small-scale gravity wave (GW) field in the Martian atmosphere obtained from a high-resolution general circulation model (GCM) are presented for the first time. The simulated GW-induced temperature variances are in a good agreement with available radio occultation data in the lower atmosphere between 10 and 30 km. The model reveals a latitudinal asymmetry with stronger wave generation in the winter hemisphere, and two distinctive sources of GWs: mountainous regions and the meandering winter polar jet. Orographic GWs are filtered while propagating upward, and the mesosphere is primarily dominated by harmonics with faster horizontal phase velocities. Wave fluxes are directed mainly against the local wind. GW dissipation in the upper mesosphere generates body forces of tens of m~s$^{-1}$~sol$^{-1}$, which tend to close the simulated jets. The results represent a realistic surrogate for missing observations, which can be used for constraining GW parameterizations and validating GCM simulations.
description: Accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters