cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Poverty Targeting, Resource Degradation and Heterogeneous Endowments - A Micro-Simulation Analysis of a Less Favored Ethiopian Village
Creators: name: Kuiper, Marijke H.
name: Ruben, Ruerd
name: Kuiper, Marijke H.
name: Ruben, Ruerd
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: less-favored areas
subject: farm households
subject: poverty
subject: erosion
subject: micro-simulation
subject: Ethiopia

description: Persistent and widespread poverty in less favored areas (LFAs) is attributed to fragile natural resources and poor markets. Limited assets may keep households outside the reach of poverty policies targeted at LFAs. We explore in a stylized manner the role of heterogeneous household assets for (1) policies aimed at poverty reduction; (2) within-village income inequality; (3) soil erosion. With a farm-household microsimulation model we analyze for each household in a remote Ethiopian village three sets of policies: technology improvement, infrastructure investment, and off-farm employment through migration or cash for work (CFW) programs. Combating poverty with a single policy, migration reduces the poverty headcount most. Because of self-selection, CFW programs performed best in terms of reaching the poorest of the poor. CFW also reduce within-village income inequality most, while a price band reduction increases income inequality. Only technology improvements imply a trade-off between poverty and soil erosion. Price band and off-farm employment reduce erosion while outperforming technology improvements in terms of poverty reduction. Combining two policies helps poorer households to overcome the limitations of their asset endowments. Combining a cash for work program with a reduction in price bands yields most in terms of poverty reduction and income inequality. This policy complementarity is less important for better endowed households. Reducing the reliance of households on agriculture offers a winwin situation of reducing poverty and maintaining natural resources. Combining policies helps to overcome asset limitations, to target policies to the poorest households and to reduce income inequalities.
Evidence for a metallic--like state in the T=0 K phase diagram of a high temperature superconductor
Creators: name: Schmidt, A. A.
name: Rodriguez-Nunez, J. J.
name: Tifrea, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the effects of a phenomenological pseudogap on the T=0 K phase diagram of a high temperature superconductor within a self-consistent model which exhibits a d-wave pairing symmetry. At the mean-field level the presence of a pseudogap in the normal phase of the high temperature superconductor is proved to be essential for the existence of a metallic--like state in the density versus interaction phase diagram. In the small density limit, at high attractive interaction, bosonic--like degrees of freedom are likely to emerge. Our result should be relevant for underdoped high temperature superconductors, where there is a strong evidence for the presence of a pseudogap in the excitation spectrum of the normal state quasiparticles.
description: 5 pages, accepted for publication in European Physical Journal B
Zielgruppenanalyse für Open Educational Resources (OER) – Eine Handreichung zur Erstellung von Personae
Creators: name: Urbaum, Dorothee
name: Werner, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Freie Lehr- und Lernmaterialien, sogenannte Open Educational Resources (OER), werden zunehmend genutzt, um Wissen nachhaltig zu vermitteln. Damit die OER möglichst zielgruppengerecht aufbereitet zugänglich gemacht werden können, ist eine Zielgruppenanalyse sinnvoll. Statt aufwändiger Bedarfsanalysen können sogenannte Personae erstellt werden, um typische Nutzendengruppen anschaulich darzustellen. 

Im folgenden Arbeitspapier wird ein Ansatz zur Zielgruppenanalyse mittels Personae vorgestellt, beginnend mit einer Analyse der Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung durch das semantische Differential, einer Marktanalyse, konkreten Schritten zur Erstellung von Personae, abgeschlossen durch eine Customer Journey.
Constraining f(R) gravity in the Palatini formalism
Creators: name: Sotiriou, Thomas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although several models of $f(R)$ theories of gravity within the Palatini approach have been studied already, the interest was concentrated on those that have an effect on the late-time evolution of the universe, by the inclusion for example of terms inversely proportional to the scalar curvature in the gravitational action. However, additional positive powers of the curvature also provide interesting early-time phenomenology, like inflation, and the presence of such terms in the action is equally, if not more, probable. In the present paper models with both additional positive and negative powers of the scalar curvature are studied. Their effect on the evolution of the universe is investigated for all cosmological eras, and various constraints are put on the extra terms in the actions. Additionally, we examine the extent to which the new terms in positive powers affect the late-time evolution of the universe and the related observables, which also determines our ability to probe their presence in the gravitational action.
description: reference update and minor changes to match published version
The Nature of the Relationship between International Tourism and International Trade: The Case of German Imports of Spanish Wine
Creators: name: Fischer, Christian
name: Gil-Alana, Luis A.
name: Fischer, Christian
name: Gil-Alana, Luis A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: international trade
subject: tourism
subject: long memory
subject: Spanish wine

description: This paper deals with the relationship between international trade and tourism. We focus on the effect that German tourism to Spain has on German imports of Spanish wine. Due to the different properties of the series under analysis, which display different orders of integration, a long memory regression model is used, where tourism is supposed to be exogenous. The period covered is January 1998 to November 2004. The results show that tourism has an effect on wine imports that lasts between two and nine months, depending on the type of tourism series employed. Disaggregating the imports across the different types of wine it is observed that only for quality red wines from Navarra, Penedús and Valdepeñas, and to a certain extent for sparkling wine, tourism produces an effect on future import demand. From a policy-making perspective our results imply that the impact of tourism on the host economy is not only direct and short-term but also oblique and delayed, thus reinforcing the case for tourism as a means for economic development.
Worm Algorithm for Continuous-space Path Integral Monte Carlo Simulations
Creators: name: Boninsegni, M.
name: Prokof'ev, N.
name: Svistunov, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new approach to path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations based on the worm algorithm, originally developed for lattice models and extended here to continuous-space many-body systems. The scheme allows for efficient computation of thermodynamic properties, including winding numbers and off-diagonal correlations, for systems of much greater size than that accessible to conventional PIMC. As an illustrative application of the method, we simulate the superfluid transition of Helium-four in two dimensions.
description: Fig. 2 differs from that of published version (includes data for larger system sizes)
Economic Evidence of Willingness to Pay for the National Animal Identification System in the US
Creators: name: Resende Filho, Moises De Andrade
name: Buhr, Brian L.
name: Resende Filho, Moises De Andrade
name: Buhr, Brian L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Animal Identification System
subject: Food Safety
subject: System of Demand Equations
subject: Meat Industry
subject: USA

description: This article investigates the willingness to pay for the National Animal Identification System (NAIS) in the US. It is assumed that with the NAIS in place, consumers' risk perception about zoonosis, BSE or mad cow and residues in meat may be mitigated. Therefore, food safety indices for beef, pork and poultry summing the number of references to meat safety found in the top fifty English language news articles in circulation in the US have been constructed. These indices were incorporated in generalized almost ideal demand systems to estimate the effect of those food safety scares on the demand for meat in the US. It has been found that food safety impacts upon the final demand for meat in the US are small and do not show lagged effects. Using the preferred model, three scenarios have been constructed on the basis of hypothesized impacts of the NAIS on consumers' food safety concerns about meat. Finally, the differences in the predicted total revenue for beef, pork and poultry between scenarios are used as gross measures of the NAIS' economic value to the meat sector. The main conclusion is that if the defense of the NAIS is based on its effect on the demand side of the market for meats it is expected that the US Federal government will need to pay for a great part of the costs with the NAIS; otherwise the NAIS is likely to be economically unfeasible in the US.
Simple model of big-crunch/big-bang transition
Creators: name: Malkiewicz, Przemyslaw
name: Piechocki, Wlodzimierz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present classical and quantum dynamics of a test particle in the compactified Milne space. Background spacetime includes one compact space dimension undergoing contraction to a point followed by expansion. Quantization consists in finding a self-adjoint representation of the algebra of particle observables. Our model offers some insight into the nature of the cosmic singularity.
description: 17 pages, no figures, RevTeX4, accepted for publication in Class. Quantum Grav
Are Agricultural Policies Making Us Fat? Likely Links Between Agricultural Policies and Human Nutrition and Obesity, and their Policy Implications
Creators: name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: H5

description: Rates of obesity among adults and children in the U.S. are soaring, with potentially huge private and social costs. Increasing attention is being paid to agricultural policies as both the culprits through their perceived roles in reducing the relative prices of energy-dense foods, and as the potential saviors through their perceived ability to do the opposite. However, the effects of agricultural policies on human nutrition and obesity are not well understood. This paper considers (1) trends in agricultural commodity prices, and the contributions of commodity policies and agricultural R&D policies to those trends, (2) the links between changes in commodity prices and changes in food prices; and (3) the implications of price-induced changes in food characteristics for human nutrition outcomes. Preliminary results suggest that agricultural R&D has led to dramatic decreases in costs of production and to consequent long-term declines in commodity prices, but the links between commodity price declines and food prices are less clear and are conditioned by the changing structure of food markets. Commodity-specific trade policy has clearly put upward pressure on the domestic prices of several major food commodities, but the consumer prices for most of these foods have fallen nonetheless. Changes in relative prices of 'healthy' versus 'unhealthy' foods are difficult to establish empirically, but even if 'healthy' foods are becoming relatively more expensive, food prices in general play only a small role in determining food consumption; hence, policies aiming to reduce obesity through changes in relative food prices may prove ineffective or inefficient.
Additional file 2 of Immunotherapy and associated immune-related adverse events at a large UK centre: a mixed methods study
Creators: name: Jamieson, Liz
name: Forster, Martin D.
name: Zaki, Kam
name: Sanjena Mithra
name: Alli, Heena
name: O’Connor, Anne
name: Apini Patel
name: Wong, Ian C. K.
name: Chambers, Pinkie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Interview guide for semi-structured interviews and tables 2–5 themes of variability, causality, decision making and impact.
An Additive Basis for the Chow Ring of \bar{M}_{0,2}(P^r,2)
Creators: name: Cox, Jonathan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C15; 14D22

description: We begin a study of the intersection theory of the moduli spaces of degree two stable maps from two-pointed rational curves to arbitrary-dimensional projective space. First we compute the Betti numbers of these spaces using Serre polynomial and equivariant Serre polynomial methods developed by E. Getzler and R. Pandharipande. Then, via the excision sequence, we compute an additive basis for their Chow rings in terms of Chow rings of nonlinear Grassmannians, which have been described by Pandharipande. The ring structure of one of these Chow rings is addressed in a sequel to this paper.
description: Published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
In vitro evaluation of the toxicological effects of cooking oil fumes using a self-designed microfluidic chip
Creators: name: Feng, Boyang
name: Li, Xiang
name: Li, Zezhi
name: Zhao, Junwei
name: Liu, Kejian
name: Xie, Fuwei
name: Zhang, Xiaobing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health

description: Cooking oil fumes (COFs) are widely acknowledged as substantial contributors to indoor air pollution, having detrimental effects on human health. Despite the existence of commercialized in vitro aerosol exposure platforms, assessment risks of aerosol pollutants are primarily evaluated based on multiwell plate experiments by trapping and redissolving aerosols to conduct comprehensive in vitro immersion exposure manner. Therefore, an innovative real-time exposure system for COF aerosol was constructed, featuring a self-designed microfluidic chip as its focal component. The chip was used to assess toxicological effects of in vitro exposure to COF aerosol on cells cultured at the gas–liquid interface. Meanwhile, we used transcriptomics to analyze genes that exhibited differential expression in cells induced by COF aerosol. The findings indicated that the MAPK signaling pathway, known for its involvement in inflammatory response and oxidative stress, played a crucial role in the biological effects induced by COF aerosol. Biomarkers associated with inflammatory response and oxidative stress exhibited corresponding alterations. Furthermore, the concentration of COF aerosol exposure and post-exposure duration exert decisive effects on these biomarkers. Thus, the study suggests that COF can induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response in BEAS-2B cells, potentially exerting a discernible impact on human health.
Simulation of Electron Transport through a Quantum Dot with Soft Walls
Creators: name: Weingartner, Bernhard
name: Rotter, Stefan
name: Burgdoerfer, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically investigate classical and quantum transport through a soft-wall cavity with mixed dynamics. Remarkable differences to hard-wall quantum dots are found which are, in part, related to the influence of the hierarchical structure of classical phase space on features of quantum scattering through the device. We find narrow isolated transmission resonances which display asymmetric Fano line shapes. The dependence of the resonance parameters on the lead mode numbers and on the properties of scattering eigenstates are analyzed. Their interpretation is aided by a remarkably close classical-quantum correspondence. We also searched for fractal conductance fluctuations. For the range of wave numbers $k_F$ accessible by our simulation we can rule out their existence.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Using the Logistic Functional Form for Modelling International Price Transmission in Net Trade Simulation Models
Creators: name: Banse, Martin
name: Grethe, Harald
name: Banse, Martin
name: Grethe, Harald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: price transmission
subject: net trade models
subject: tariff rate quotas
subject: export subsidies
subject: EU beef market

description: Various reasons including cif/fob spread, differing political price protection depending on the net trade situation, and domestic transportation cost contribute to situations in which domestic prices are different in an exporting compared to an importing situation. Net trade models that take these differences into account must somehow deal with the problem of products that are not exported at the export-based price, because it is too low, and are not imported at the import-based price, because it is too high. In such a case, the equilibrium price lies somewhere between the export- and the import-based price. This paper presents the application of the Logistic functional form for depicting price transmission from international to domestic prices in the net trade model ESIM. On the basis of the EU beef market it is shown that the Logit functional form is a flexible tool for the formulation of price transmission in net trade models. A smooth transition can be depicted from an import to an export based price. Also the effects of TRQs and quantity restricted export subsidies can be included. Preliminary results of the application of this approach to the EU beef market show that each, the abolishment of ES as well as the doubling of preferential market access for beef, may result in a price decline on the EU market of 7-9% and the EU would become a net importer of beef under both options. Combined, the price decline may amount 15% and net exports may amount 15% of EU domestic use.
Additional file 1 of Immunotherapy and associated immune-related adverse events at a large UK centre: a mixed methods study
Creators: name: Jamieson, Liz
name: Forster, Martin D.
name: Zaki, Kam
name: Sanjena Mithra
name: Alli, Heena
name: O’Connor, Anne
name: Apini Patel
name: Wong, Ian C. K.
name: Chambers, Pinkie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Data extraction form for case note review.
Complex Energies and Beginnings of Time Suggest a Theory of Scattering and Decay
Creators: name: Bohm, A.
name: Kielanowski, P.
name: Wickramasekara, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many useful concepts for a quantum theory of scattering and decay (like Lippmann-Schwinger kets, purely outgoing boundary conditions, exponentially decaying Gamow vectors, causality) are not well defined in the mathematical frame set by the conventional (Hilbert space) axioms of quantum mechanics. Using the Lippmann-Schwinger equations as the takeoff point and aiming for a theory that unites resonances and decay, we conjecture a new axiom for quantum mechanics that distinguishes mathematically between prepared states and detected observables. Suggested by the two signs $\pm iε$ of the Lippmann-Schwinger equations, this axiom replaces the one Hilbert space of conventional quantum mechanics by two Hardy spaces. The new Hardy space theory automatically provides Gamow kets with exponential time evolution derived from the complex poles of the $S$-matrix. It solves the causality problem since it results in a semigroup evolution. But this semigroup brings into quantum physics a new concept of the semigroup time $t=0$, a beginning of time. Its interpretation and observations are discussed in the last section.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures
Interactions of Radio Galaxies and the Intra-Cluster Medium in Abell 160 and Abell 2462
Creators: name: Jetha, N. N.
name: Sakelliou, I.
name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Ponman, T. J.
name: Stevens, I. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Chandra and VLA observations of two galaxy clusters, Abell 160 and Abell 2462, whose brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) host wide angle tailed radio galaxies (WATs). We search for evidence of interactions between the radio emission and the hot, X-ray emitting gas, and test various jet termination models. We find that both clusters have cool BCGs at the cluster centre, and that the scale of these cores ~30-40kpc for both sources) is of approximately the same scale as the length of the radio jets. For both sources, the jet flaring point is coincident with a steepening in the host cluster's temperature gradient, and similar results are found for 3C465 and Hydra A. However, none of the published models of WAT formation offer a satisfactory explanation as to why this may be the case. Therefore it is unclear what causes the sudden transition between the jet and the plume. Without accurate modelling, we cannot ascertain whether the steepening of the temperature gradient is the main cause of the transition, or merely a tracer of an underlying process.
description: 11 pages, 20 figures, LaTeX, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Naturally-derived phenethyl isothiocyanate modulates apoptotic induction through regulation of the intrinsic cascade and resulting apoptosome formation in human malignant melanoma cells
Creators: name: Tragkola, Venetia
name: Anestopoulos, Ioannis
name: Kyriakou, Sotiris
name: Amery, Tom
name: Franco, Rodrigo
name: Pappa, Aglaia
name: Panayiotidis, Mihalis I.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer with increasing incidence rates worldwide. On the other hand, watercress is a rich source of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), among others, which has been widely investigated for its anticancer properties against various cancers. In the present study, we evaluated the role of a watercress extract in modulating apoptotic induction in an in vitro model of human malignant melanoma consisting of melanoma (A375, COLO-679, COLO-800), non-melanoma epidermoid carcinoma (A431) and immortalized, non-tumorigenic keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Moreover, the chemical composition of the watercress extract was characterized through UPLC MS/MS and other analytical methodologies. In addition, cytotoxicity was assessed by the alamar blue assay whereas apoptosis was determined, initially, by a multiplex activity assay kit (measuring levels of activated caspases −3, −8 and −9) as well as by qRT-PCR for the identification of major genes regulating apoptosis. In addition, protein expression levels were evaluated by western immunoblotting. Our data indicate that the extract contains various phytochemicals (e.g. phenolics, flavonoids, pigments, etc.) while isothiocyanates (ITCs; especially PEITC) were the most abundant. In addition, the extract was shown to exert a significant time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity against all malignant melanoma cell lines while non-melanoma and non-tumorigenic cells exhibited significant resistance. Finally, expression profiling revealed a number of genes (and corresponding proteins) being implicated in regulating apoptotic induction through activation of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Overall, our data indicate the potential of PEITC as a promising anti-cancer agent in the clinical management of human malignant melanoma.
Avoiding perverse effects of baseline and investment additionality determination in the case of renewable energy projects
Creators: name: Bode, Sven
name: Michaelowa, Axel
name: Bode, Sven
name: Michaelowa, Axel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: As part of the international climate negotiations there is a lot of discussion about methodologies for quantifying emission reductions of greenhouse gas reduction projects (baseline discussion) and about granting emission reduction credits only to projects that are additional (Investment Additionality discussion). So far this discussion has been fairly general and has not systematically analysed the impacts on investor decisions. We analyse these impacts for the case of renewable energies and show that the approaches under discussion can all give perverse incentives to invest at unfavourable sites. Thus, higher CO2 abatement costs than without any crediting system might be realised resulting in inefficiencies in climate policy. To overcome this problem we introduce a new Investment Additionality concept and propose to have only one emission reduction factor for each electricity grid.
SceneAdapt: Scene-based domain adaptation for semantic segmentation using adversarial learning
Creators: name: Di Mauro, Daniele
name: Furnari, Antonino
name: Patanè, Giuseppe
name: Battiato, Sebastiano
name: Farinella, Giovanni Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semantic segmentation methods have achieved outstanding performance thanks to deep learning. Nevertheless, when such algorithms are deployed to new contexts not seen during training, it is necessary to collect and label scene-specific data in order to adapt them to the new domain using fine-tuning. This process is required whenever an already installed camera is moved or a new camera is introduced in a camera network due to the different scene layouts induced by the different viewpoints. To limit the amount of additional training data to be collected, it would be ideal to train a semantic segmentation method using labeled data already available and only unlabeled data coming from the new camera. We formalize this problem as a domain adaptation task and introduce a novel dataset of urban scenes with the related semantic labels. As a first approach to address this challenging task, we propose SceneAdapt, a method for scene adaptation of semantic segmentation algorithms based on adversarial learning. Experiments and comparisons with state-of-the-art approaches to domain adaptation highlight that promising performance can be achieved using adversarial learning both when the two scenes have different but points of view, and when they comprise images of completely different scenes. To encourage research on this topic, we made our code available at our web page: https://iplab.dmi.unict.it/ParkSmartSceneAdaptation/.
XMM-Newton 13H Deep field - I. X-ray sources
Creators: name: Loaring, N. S.
name: Dwelly, T.
name: Page, M. J.
name: Mason, K.
name: McHardy, I.
name: Gunn, K.
name: Moss, D.
name: Seymour, N.
name: Newsam, A. M.
name: Takata, T.
name: Sekguchi, K.
name: Sasseen, T.
name: Cordova, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a deep X-ray survey conducted with XMM-Newton, centred on the UK ROSAT 13H deep field area. This region covers 0.18 deg^2 and is the first of two areas covered with XMM-Newton as part of an extensive multi-wavelength survey designed to study the nature and evolution of the faint X-ray source population. We have produced detailed Monte-Carlo simulations to obtain a quantitative characterisation of the source detection procedure and to assess the reliability of the resultant sourcelist. We use the simulations to establish a likelihood threshold above which we expect less than 7 (3%) of our sources to be spurious. We present the final catalogue of 225 sources. Within the central 9 arcmin, 68 per cent of source positions are accurate to 2 arcsec, making optical follow-up relatively straightforward. We construct the N(>S) relation in four energy bands: 0.2-0.5 keV, 0.5-2 keV, 2-5 keV and 5-10 keV. In all but our highest energy band we find that the source counts can be represented by a double powerlaw with a bright end slope consistent with the Euclidean case and a break around 10^-14 cgs. Below this flux the counts exhibit a flattening. Our source counts reach densities of 700, 1300, 900 and 300 deg^-2 at fluxes of 4.1x10^-16, 4.5x10^-16, 1.1x10^-15 and 5.3x10^-15 cgs in the 0.2-0.5, 0.5-2, 2-5 and 5-10 keV energy bands respectively. We have compared our source counts with those in the two Chandra deep fields and Lockman hole and find our source counts to be amongst the highest of these fields in all energy bands. We resolve >51% (>50%) of the X-ray background emission in the 1-2 keV (2-5 keV) energy bands.
description: 27 pages, 18 figures, MNRAS accepted
Assessing the Impact of ACP/EU Economic Partnership Agreement on West African Countries
Creators: name: Busse, Matthias
name: Grossmann, Harald
name: Busse, Matthias
name: Grossmann, Harald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Economic Partnership Agreements
subject: EU
subject: ECOWAS
subject: Africa

description: The European Union is currently negotiating free trade agreements, called Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), with African countries as part of the Cotonou Agreement between the European Union and African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The paper empirically assesses the impact of the EPAs on trade flows and government revenue for 14 West African countries. The results indicate that the decline in import duties due to the preferential tariff elimination might be of some cause for concern and that complementary fiscal and economic policies have to be implemented before or at the time the EPAs come into force.
Neue Untersuchungen zur Kreuzkuppelkirche in Yeni Rabat
Creators: name: Bogisch, Markus
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 90 (2006): Oriens christianus, Band 90
Ein "Athoskreuz" im Domschatz zu Monza
Creators: name: Elbern, Victor H.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 90 (2006): Oriens christianus, Band 90
Additional file 2 of Postprandial effects of a meal low in sulfur amino acids and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to a meal high in sulfur amino acids and saturated fatty acids on stearoyl CoA-desaturase indices and plasma sulfur amino acids: a pilot study
Creators: name: Olsen, Thomas
name: Turner, Cheryl
name: Øvrebø, Bente
name: Bastani, Nasser E.
name: Refsum, Helga
name: Vinknes, Kathrine J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2. Contains the CONSORT figure.
Additional file 1 of Microglial burden, activation and dystrophy patterns in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Creators: name: Woollacott, Ione O. C.
name: Toomey, Christina E.
name: Strand, Catherine
name: Courtney, Robert
name: Benson, Bridget C.
name: Rohrer, Jonathan D.
name: Tammaryn Lashley
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Demographics and diagnoses of all individual cases and controls. Supplementary Fig. 1. Microglial burden compared between grey and white matter within each lobe for each group. Comparisons of the burden of CD68-positive (a, d, g, j, m, p), CR3/43-positive (b, e, h, k, n, q), and Iba1-positive (c, f, i, l, o, r) microglia for each group comparison level shown within Fig. 1 (numbers in coloured circles on left represent level of comparison). Graphs show median microglial burden (percentage area values) compared within lobes: frontal grey (FG) versus frontal white (FW) matter, and temporal grey (TG) versus temporal white (TW) matter. See legend in first graph on each row for bar colours. Error bars represent interquartile range. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001; ****p ≤ 0.0001. Supplementary Fig. 2. Microglial circularity compared between grey and white matter within each lobe for each group. Comparisons of the circularity of CD68-positive (a, d, g, j, m, p), CR3/43-positive (b, e, h, k, n, q), and Iba1-positive (c, f, i, l, o, r) microglia for each group comparison level shown within Fig. 1 (numbers in coloured circles on left represent level of comparison). Graphs show median circularity values compared within lobes: frontal grey (FG) versus frontal white (FW) matter, and temporal grey (TG) versus temporal white (TW) matter. See legend in first graph on each row for bar colours. Error bars represent interquartile range. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001; ****p ≤ 0.0001. Supplementary Fig. 3. Microglial perimeter compared between grey and white matter within each lobe for each group. Comparisons of the perimeter of CD68-positive (a, d, g, j, m, p), CR3/43-positive (b, e, h, k, n, q), and Iba1-positive (c, f, i, l, o, r) microglia for each group comparison level shown within Fig. 1 (numbers in coloured circles on left represent level of comparison). Graphs show median perimeter values compared within lobes: frontal grey (FG) versus frontal white (FW) matter, and temporal grey (TG) versus temporal white (TW) matter. See legend in first graph on each row for bar colours. Error bars represent interquartile range. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001; ****p ≤ 0.0001
Time-course cross-species transcriptomics reveals conserved hepatotoxicity pathways induced by repeated administration of cyclosporine A
Creators: name: Tien, Nguyen Tran Nam
name: Anh, Trinh Tam
name: Yen, Nguyen Thi Hai
name: Anh, Nguyen Ky
name: Nguyen, Huy Truong
name: Kim, Ho-Sook
name: Oh, Jung-Hwa
name: Kim, Dong-Hyun
name: Long, Nguyen Phuoc
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Cyclosporine A (CsA) has shown efficacy against immunity-related diseases despite its toxicity in various organs, including the liver, emphasizing the need to elucidate its underlying hepatotoxicity mechanism. This study aimed to capture the alterations in genome-wide expression over time and the subsequent perturbations of corresponding pathways across species. Six data from humans, mice, and rats, including animal liver tissue, human liver microtissues, and two liver cell lines exposed to CsA toxic dose, were used. The microtissue exposed to CsA for 10 d was analyzed to obtain dynamically differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Single-time points data at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 28 d of different species were used to provide additional evidence. Using liver microtissue-based longitudinal design, DEGs that were consistently up- or down-regulated over time were captured, and the well-known mechanism involved in CsA toxicity was elucidated. Thirty DEGs that consistently changed in longitudinal data were also altered in 28-d rat in-house data with concordant expression. Some genes (e.g. TUBB2A, PLIN2, APOB) showed good concordance with identified DEGs in 1-d and 7-d mouse data. Pathway analysis revealed up-regulations of protein processing, asparagine N-linked glycosylation, and cargo concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, the down-regulations of pathways related to biological oxidations and metabolite and lipid metabolism were elucidated. These pathways were also enriched in single-time-point data and conserved across species, implying their biological significance and generalizability. Overall, the human organoids-based longitudinal design coupled with cross-species validation provides temporal molecular change tracking, aiding mechanistic elucidation and biologically relevant biomarker discovery.
The Drive to Economic Integration in Africa
Creators: name: Shams, Rasul
name: Shams, Rasul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: Economic Integration
subject: Union
subject: Bureaucracy
subject: Centric Integration

description: In Africa there has been an immense effort in the past, continuing into the present, to unite politically and to build numerous economic integration areas. In this paper we discuss the reasons for the existence of this phenomenon in Africa which we call the drive to political and economic integration. Some conventional explanations are discussed. Our own explanation is based on the theory of bureaucracy and the imbalances emerging in the process of development. If Africa is ready for regional economic integration, it has to follow another path to this end: The path of centric integration.
Domain function and regulation of Ste12p
Creators: name: Dambrowitz, Kirsten Amy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Ste12p is a transcriptional activator and an effector of two MAP kinase cascades in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ste12p activates transcription required for both pheromone response and filamentous growth. The goal of this work was to further define the domain structure of Ste12p and the mechanisms that govern Ste12p activity; In response to mating pheromone, Ste12p activates transcription of FAR1. Farlp interacts with the cell cycle machinery in order to cause G1 growth arrest. This work showed that overexpression of Ste12p in the absence of pheromone induced G1 growth arrest that was independent of FAR1 and of transcription from pheromone responsive elements. The growth arrest did not reflect cell death and could be eliminated by overexpression of Rst1p and Rst2p, two negative regulators of Ste12p. These data indicated a novel role for Ste12p in pheromone-responsive growth arrest. Rst1p and Rst2p, two negative regulators of Ste12p, are genetically redundant and, as such, are proposed to regulate Ste12p function by a common mechanism. This study demonstrated that overexpression of amino acids 262 to 594 of Ste12p activated transcription and that concurrent overexpression of either RST1 or RST2 abrogated that activation. The region 262 to 594 was able to interact with Rst1 p, but not with Rst2p, in yeast extracts. Rst2p, in contrast, interacted with the DNA binding domain of Ste12p. Further, Rst2p, but not Rst1p, was shown to inhibit interaction of the Ste12p DNA binding domain with DNA in vitro and to inhibit the function of a Ste12pDBD-VP16 fusion in vivo. In addition, recombinant Rst1p and Rst2p were shown to interact directly with these distinct domains of Ste12p in vitro. These results showed that Rst1p and Rst2p function by non-identical mechanisms, as they interact with separate domains of Ste12p in order to inhibit its function.
Additional file 1 of Postprandial effects of a meal low in sulfur amino acids and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to a meal high in sulfur amino acids and saturated fatty acids on stearoyl CoA-desaturase indices and plasma sulfur amino acids: a pilot study
Creators: name: Olsen, Thomas
name: Turner, Cheryl
name: Øvrebø, Bente
name: Bastani, Nasser E.
name: Refsum, Helga
name: Vinknes, Kathrine J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Contains a schematic overview of sulfur amino acid metabolism.
Calibrations, Torsion Classes and Wrapped M-Branes
Creators: name: Fayyazuddin, Ansar
name: Husain, Tasneem Zehra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work has two goals. The first is to complete the classification of geometries in terms of torsion classes of M-branes wrapping cycles of a Calabi-Yau. The second goal is to give insight into the physical meaning of the torsion class constraints. We accomplish both tasks by defining new energy minimizing calibrations in M-brane backgrounds. When fluxes are turned on, it is these calibrations that are relevant, rather than those which had previously been defined in the context of purely geometric backgrounds.
Locating Foreign Affiliates in Germany: The Case of Swedish MNEs
Creators: name: Braconier, Henrik
name: Ekholm, Karolina
name: Braconier, Henrik
name: Ekholm, Karolina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: labor demand
subject: multinational firms
subject: foreign affiliates
subject: Germany

description: This paper uses a dataset on the foreign activities by Swedish manufacturing firms to examine the performance of German affiliates compared with affiliates in other locations. It is found that German affiliates, on average, have higher labour productivity, R&D expenditure per employee and skill-intensity. There is also evidence suggesting that German affiliates are more oriented towards selling in the local market than affiliates in other European countries. We also analyse the effect of labour costs in the Swedish multinational enterprises' (MNEs') decision to locate in Germany. We find that the location decision is sensitive to the level of wage costs in Germany and in other potential locations in high-income Europe, but not to the level of wage costs in Sweden or low-income countries in Europe. Finally, we find that the cross-wage elasticity showing the effect of increases in labour costs in other high-income locations in Europe on employment in German affiliates of Swedish MNEs is positive, indicating substitutability between the German workers and the workers employed in other high-income countries in Europe. Auf der Basis eines Datensatzes über die Auslandsaktivitäten schwedischer Industriefirmen wird die Performance schwedischer Tochtergesellschaften in Deutschland im Vergleich mit denen in anderen Ländern untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass die deutschen Töchter im Durchschnitt eine höhere Arbeitsproduktivität und höhere FuEAufwendungen pro Beschäftigten aufweisen und mehr qualifizierte Arbeitskräfte beschäftigen. Sie sind stärker auf den lokalen Binnenmarkt orientiert als die Töchter in den anderen europäischen Ländern. Wir untersuchen auch den Effekt der Arbeitskosten auf die Entscheidung schwedischer Multis, in Deutschland zu investieren. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Standortentscheidung beeinflusst wird vom Niveau der Lohnkosten in Deutschland und an anderen potentiellen Standorten in europäischen Hocheinkommensländern, aber nicht von den Lohnkosten in Schweden oder in europäischen Niedriglohnländern. Schließlich finden wir Evidenz für einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen den Arbeitskosten in anderen europäischen Hocheinkommensländern und der Beschäftigtenzahl bei den schwedischen Töchtern in Deutschland. Dies deutet auf eine Substitutionsbeziehung zwischen den Arbeitskräften in Deutschland und anderen europäischen Hochlohnländern hin.
Regulation of the Electricity Industry in Bolivia: Its Impact on Access to the Poor, Prices and Quality
Creators: name: Bojanic, Antonio
name: Krakowski, Michael
name: Bojanic, Antonio
name: Krakowski, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Public Economics
subject: Regulation
subject: Poverty Reduction
subject: Bolivia

description: This paper takes stock with the results of utility privatization in Bolivia. This paper deals with the process of structural reforms in this country and the specific results that have to date been accomplished in the electricity industry. It is mostly interested in exploring whether the reformation of this industry contributed to lessen poverty levels and whether in light of the obtained results, a reversal or a continuation of the reform process should take place. The paper shows that coverage of electricity users has grown faster in urban areas ever since the establishment of regulation. Although it is not argued that regulation has caused the increase in electricity consumers, the data does show that a comparatively faster urban growth rate of users takes place after 1995. In this sense, it seems plausible that regulation of the electricity industry has indeed lessen poverty levels in urban Bolivia by making this utility more accessible to larger segments of the urban population. The same cannot be said, however, about rural Bolivia. The results show that coverage has remained about the same in the last 10 years, with no discernible improvement after the transformation of the industry in 1995. When rural Bolivia is divided into income groups, the data shows that some of the poorest groups have indeed experienced a decline in coverage during the regulation period, which sheds doubts about the purportedly positive effects that structural changes in this industry were to have in the livelihoods of the poorest people in the country. Alternative ways which may improve the poverty reduction outcome of electricity regulation are explored.