cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Variance of Cross-Validation Estimators of the Generalization Error
Creators: name: Markatou, Marianthi
name: Tian, Hong
name: Biswas, Shameek
name: Hripcsak, George M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Artificial intelligence

description: This paper brings together methods from two different disciplines: statistics and machine learning. We address the problem of estimating the variance of cross-validation (CV) estimators of the generalization error. In particular, we approach the problem of variance estimation of the CV estimators of generalization error as a problem in approximating the moments of a statistic. The approximation illustrates the role of training and test sets in the performance of the algorithm. It provides a unifying approach to evaluation of various methods used in obtaining training and test sets and it takes into account the variability due to different training and test sets. For the simple problem of predicting the sample mean and in the case of smooth loss functions, we show that the variance of the CV estimator of the generalization error is a function of the moments of the random variables Y=Card(Sj ∩ Sj') and Y*=Card(Sjc ∩ Sj'c), where Sj, Sj' are two training sets, and Sjc, Sj'c are the corresponding test sets. We prove that the distribution of Y and Y* is hypergeometric and we compare our estimator with the one proposed by Nadeau and Bengio (2003). We extend these results in the regression case and the case of absolute error loss, and indicate how the methods can be extended to the classification case. We illustrate the results through simulation.
Learning Theory Analysis for Association Rules and Sequential Event Prediction
Creators: name: Rudin, Cynthia
name: Letham, Benjamin
name: Madigan, David B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Artificial intelligence

description: We present a theoretical analysis for prediction algorithms based on association rules. As part of this analysis, we introduce a problem for which rules are particularly natural, called “sequential event prediction." In sequential event prediction, events in a sequence are revealed one by one, and the goal is to determine which event will next be revealed. The training set is a collection of past sequences of events. An example application is to predict which item will next be placed into a customer's online shopping cart, given his/her past purchases. In the context of this problem, algorithms based on association rules have distinct advantages over classical statistical and machine learning methods: they look at correlations based on subsets of co-occurring past events (items a and b imply item c), they can be applied to the sequential event prediction problem in a natural way, they can potentially handle the “cold start" problem where the training set is small, and they yield interpretable predictions. In this work, we present two algorithms that incorporate association rules. These algorithms can be used both for sequential event prediction and for supervised classification, and they are simple enough that they can possibly be understood by users, customers, patients, managers, etc. We provide generalization guarantees on these algorithms based on algorithmic stability analysis from statistical learning theory. We include a discussion of the strict minimum support threshold often used in association rule mining, and introduce an “adjusted confidence" measure that provides a weaker minimum support condition that has advantages over the strict minimum support. The paper brings together ideas from statistical learning theory, association rule mining and Bayesian analysis.
title: Narrating the route: Route memorability in navigation instructions augmented with narrative
Creators: name: Scholl Youngblood, Lydia Anna
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: narrative
subject: route memorability
subject: route communication
subject: pedestrian wayfinding

description: From oral histories to mnemonic devices, humans have an excellent ability to remember object sequences and their relationships inside of narratives (Baddeley, 1999). In pedestrian wayfinding, remembering landmarks and their relationships is considered key to learning routes (Denis, Mores, Gras, Gyselinck & Daniel, 2014). This is especially critical in mobile navigation, as it has been well-established that the use of GPS devices with metric turn-by-turn directions during wayfinding hinders spatial knowledge acquisition, both in the short-term and over time (Ishikawa, 2019). However, these devices are ubiquitous in our world today. In an attempt to develop alternative methods of route communication, some have found that using landmark-based route instructions facilitate the memorability of routes. In addition, instructions rich in visual imagery improve memorability of routes (Tom & Denis, 2004; Tom & Tversky, 2012). Few researchers have suggested alternatives to how landmark-based route instructions might be communicated beyond simple turn-by-turn directions. In addition, narrative as an aid to wayfinding has not yet been explored in outdoor environments.This research aims to identify whether augmenting verbal route instructions with a narrative increases the memorability of a route. It is proposed that adding information in the form of narrative may make it easier for users to form meaningful connections between landmarks and thus, better remember a route in an urban environment. Narrative theory was applied as a framework to augment navigation instructions with a narrative about Johann Strauss. First, the key components of a narrative were identified. Then, these components were utilized to craft narrative navigation instructions. The instructions were tested against a control in an in-situ wayfinding study in Vienna (N = 18). After learning a short route (800m, 13 landmarks), participants recalled the route verbally, completed a photo-based landmark sequencing task and discussed their answers. One week later, a route recognition task and second photo-based landmark sequencing task was completed online.Results show no significant differences between the narrative and control groups when measured using quantitative methods. However, in interviews, the narrative group often cited the narrative when sequencing photos and during verbal recall. These results suggest that incorporating narratives into route directions can be further explored, but that the phenomenon may not be well-measured using quantitative methods. This research further confirms the potential of landmark-based instructions to facilitate route memory, contributes to the growing body of work augmenting route directions with additional information, and could encourage designers to consider other route communication methods.
[A Report on the Future of Statistics]: Comment
Creators: name: Madigan, David B.
name: Stuetzle, Werner
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Mathematics--Study and teaching
Education, Higher

description: "Extraordinary opportunities for statistical ideas and for statisticians now present themselves. However, to take advantage of the opportunities, statistics has to change the way in which it recruits and trains students. Statistics has primarily focused on squeezing the maximum amount of information out of limited data. This paradigm is rapidly diminishing in importance and statistics education finds itself out of step with reality. The problems begin at the high school and undergraduate levels, where the standard course includes a narrow set of pre-computing-era topics. At the graduate level, the typical statistics program suffers from the same problem..." -- page 408
Search for the Infrared Emission Features from Deuterated Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Creators: name: Onaka, Takashi
name: Mori, Tamami I.
name: Sakon, Itsuki
name: Ohsawa, Ryou
name: Kaneda, Hidehiro
name: Okada, Yoko
name: Tanaka, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a search for emission features from interstellar deuterated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the 4um region with the Infrared Camera (IRC) onboard AKARI. No significant excess emission is seen in 4.3-4.7um in the spectra toward the Orion Bar and M17 after the subtraction of line emission from the ionized gas. A small excess of emission remains at around 4.4 and 4.65um, but the ratio of their intensity to that of the band emission from PAHs at 3.3-3.5um is estimated as 2-3%. This is an order of magnitude smaller than the values previously reported and also those predicted by the model of deuterium depletion onto PAHs. Since the subtraction of the ionized gas emission introduces an uncertainty, the deuterated PAH features are also searched for in the reflection nebula GN 18.14.0, which does not show emission lines from ionized gas. We obtain a similar result that excess emission in the 4um region, if present, is about 2% of the PAH band emission in the 3um region. The present study does not find evidence for the presence of the large amount of deuterated PAHs that the depletion model predicts. The results are discussed in the context of deuterium depletion in the interstellar medium.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, to appear in ApJ
Book Reviews: Principles of Data Mining. By David Hand, Heikki Mannila, and Padhraic Smyth.
Creators: name: Madigan, David B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: "Principles of Data Mining. By David Hand, Heikki Mannila, and Padhraic Smyth. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001. $50.00. xxxii+546 pp., hardcover. ISBN 0-262-08290-X. Is data mining the same as statistics? The distinguished authors of Principles of Data Mining struggle to make a distinction between the two subjects. In the end, what they have written is a fine applied statistics text." -- page 501
The "Missing Mass Problem" in Astronomy and the Need for a Modified Law of Gravity
Creators: name: Trippe, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the 1930s, astronomical observations have accumulated evidence that our understanding of the dynamics of galaxies and groups of galaxies is grossly incomplete: assuming the validity of Newton's law of gravity on astronomical scales, the observed mass (stored in stars and interstellar gas) of stellar systems can account only for roughly 10% of the dynamical (gravitating) mass required to explain the high velocities of stars in those systems. The standard approach to this "missing mass problem" has been the postulate of "dark matter", meaning an additional, electromagnetically dark, matter component that provides the missing mass. However, direct observational evidence for dark matter has not been found to date. More importantly, astronomical observations obtained during the last decade indicate that dark matter cannot explain the kinematics of galaxies. Multiple observations show that the discrepancy between observed and dynamical mass is a function of gravitational acceleration (or field strength) but not of other parameters (size, rotation speed, etc.) of a galaxy; the mass discrepancy appears below a characteristic and universal acceleration ("Milgrom's constant"). Consequently, the idea of a modified law of gravity, specifically the ansatz of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), is becoming increasingly important in astrophysics. MOND has successfully predicted various important empirical relations of galaxy dynamics, including the famous Tully-Fisher and Faber-Jackson relations. MOND is found to be consistent with stellar dynamics from binary stars to clusters of galaxies, thus covering stellar systems spanning eight orders of magnitude in size and 14 orders of magnitude in mass. These developments have the potential to initiate a paradigm shift from dark matter to a modified law of gravity as the physical mechanism behind the missing mass problem.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures; to appear in Z. Naturforsch. A as Trend Article (received 25 July 2013; revised 15 January 2014; accepted 17 January 2014). Reviewed and approved by four anonymous referees
Superflares on Solar Type Stars Observed with Kepler I. Statistical Properties of Superflares
Creators: name: Shibayama, Takuya
name: Maehara, Hiroyuki
name: Notsu, Shota
name: Notsu, Yuta
name: Nagao, Takashi
name: Honda, Satoshi
name: Ishii, Takako T.
name: Nogami, Daisaku
name: Shibata, Kazunari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By extending our previous study by Maehara et al. (2012), we searched for superflares on G-type dwarfs (solar type stars) using Kepler data for a longer period (500 days) than that (120 days) in our previous study. As a result, we found 1547 superflares on 279 G-type dwarfs, which are much more than previous 365 superflares on 148 stars. Using these new data, we studied the statistical properties of occurrence frequency of superflares, and basically confirmed the previous results, i.e., the occurrence frequency (dN/dE) of superflares vs flare energy (E) shows power-law distribution with dN/dE \propto E^{-α}, where α~ 2. It is interesting that this distribution is roughly on the same line as that for solar flares. In the case of the Sun-like stars (with surface temperature 5600-6000K and slowly rotating with a period longer than 10 days), the occurrence frequency of superflares with energy of 10^34 -10^35 erg is once in 800-5000 years. We also studied long term (500 days) stellar brightness variation of these superflare stars, and found that in some G-type dwarfs the occurrence frequency of superflares was extremely high, ~ 57 superflares in 500 days (i.e., once in 10 days). In the case of Sun-like stars, the most active stars show the frequency of one superflares (with 10^34 erg) in 100 days. There is evidence that these superflares have extremely large starspots with a size about 10 times larger than that of the largest sunspot. We argue that the physical origin of extremely high occurrence frequency of superflares in these stars may be attributed to the existence of extremely large starspots.
description: Accepted to the ApJ Supplement in August 2013
Combine Umbrella Sampling with Integrated Tempering Method for Efficient and Accurate Calculation of Free Energy Changes of Complex Energy Surface
Creators: name: Yang, Mingjun
name: Yang, Lijiang
name: Gao, Yiqin
name: Hu, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Umbrella sampling is an efficient method for the calculation of free energy changes of a system along well-defined reaction coordinates. However, when multiple parallel channels along the reaction coordinate or hidden barriers in directions perpendicular to the reaction coordinate exist, it is difficult for conventional umbrella sampling methods to generate sufficient sampling within limited simulation time. Here we propose an efficient approach to combine umbrella sampling with the integrated tempering sampling method. The umbrella sampling method is applied to conformational degrees of freedom which possess significant barriers and are chemically more relevant. The integrated tempering sampling method is employed to facilitate the sampling of other degrees of freedom in which statistically non-negligible barriers may exist. The combined method is applied to two model systems and show significantly improved sampling efficiencies as compared to standalone conventional umbrella sampling or integrated tempering sampling approaches. Therefore, the combined approach will become a very efficient method in the simulation of biomolecular processes which often involve sampling of complex rugged energy landscapes.
description: 28 pages and 6 figures
Medication-Wide Association Studies
Creators: name: Ryan, P. B.
name: Madigan, David B.
name: Stang, P. E.
name: Schuemie, M. J.
name: Hripcsak, George M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Undiscovered side effects of drugs can have a profound effect on the health of the nation, and electronic health-care databases offer opportunities to speed up the discovery of these side effects. We applied a “medication-wide association study” approach that combined multivariate analysis with exploratory visualization to study four health outcomes of interest in an administrative claims database of 46 million patients and a clinical database of 11 million patients. The technique had good predictive value, but there was no threshold high enough to eliminate false-positive findings. The visualization not only highlighted the class effects that strengthened the review of specific products but also underscored the challenges in confounding. These findings suggest that observational databases are useful for identifying potential associations that warrant further consideration but are unlikely to provide definitive evidence of causal effects.
Time-of-day effects on engagement with social media content
Creators: name: Zor, Ozum
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: On Twitter, and other social media platforms, consumers are increasingly engaging with online information. The use of social media for networking is about to be overthrown by another motivation: seeking updates on recent events and news. While the marketing literature has paid attention to some types of content differences, there is little research on which content is better to release when. My dissertation aims to address this gap by examining two types of content that have not previously been studied in social media research—vice versus virtue content, and high-construal versus low-construal content—and showing that there is an asymmetry in how consumers engage in these types of content through the day. In essay 1, I compare vice content, which promises immediate gratification (e.g., related to celebrities and scandals), to virtue content, which is beneficial in the long run (e.g., related to health and economy). I argue that vice and virtue information attract differential levels of consumer engagement (e.g., number of likes on Twitter), depending on the time of day at which consumers are exposed to the information. My argument is based on the premise that people have high self-control early in the morning, which then prone to fail toward the evening. Consequently, virtue (vs. vice) content fits relatively better in the morning, with a trend toward the reverse as the day progresses. Seven studies—five experiments and two studies using large-scale Twitter datasets—demonstrate that as the day turns from morning to evening, there is a shift in engagement away from virtue content and toward vice content. In essay 2, I focus on construal that arises due to geographical distance and examine its role in the context of engaging with information. I compare high-construal content (e.g., international news), to low-construal content (e.g., local news). I argue that high-construal content and low-construal content messages attract differential levels of consumer engagement (e.g., number of likes on Twitter), depending on the time of day at which consumers are exposed to the message. Consequently, high-construal (vs. low-construal) messages fit relatively better in the morning, with a trend toward the reverse as the day progresses. Two studies—a study using large-scale Twitter dataset and an experiment—demonstrate that as the day turns from morning to evening, there is a shift in engagement away from high-construal content and toward low-construal content.These two essays afford implications for theory (e.g., vice vs. virtue, and high vs. low construal) because I present new insights into how these dichotomies influence engagement with social media during the day. Implications also arise for practice, as managers can better decide which content to post when, in order to maximize the engagement of their customers.
Comptonization of photons near the photosphere of relativistic outflows
Creators: name: Aksenov, A. G.
name: Ruffini, R.
name: Vereshchagin, G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the formation of photon spectrum at the photosphere of ultrarelativistically expanding outflow. We use the Fokker-Planck approximation to the Boltzmann equation, and obtain the generalized Kompaneets equation which takes into account anisotropic distribution of photons developed near the photosphere. This equation is solved numerically for relativistic steady wind and the observed spectrum is found in agreement with previous studies. We also study the photospheric emission for different temperature dependences on radius in such outflows. In particular, we found that for $T\propto r^{-2}$ the Band low energy photon index of the observed spectrum is $α\simeq -1$, as typically observed in Gamma Ray Bursts.
description: Accepted by MNRAS Letters
Emergency poetics: postwar American poetry and the shape of public crisis
Creators: name: Parrish, Melissa Nohelani
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: From the formalization of Cold War civil defense to the rise of homeland security, emergency management in the United States has always been structured by power and privilege. “Emergency Poetics and the Shape of Public Crisis” tracks how postwar poets have responded to this trajectory by illuminating crisis conditions at the margins of state-sponsored emergency powers. Historically, the project follows the legacy of civil defense, a Cold War security paradigm that prioritized domestic comfort and security in the face of geopolitical threats. This insular paradigm later served as the basis for handling natural disasters, public health crises, and terrorism—all forms of public emergencies, declared or otherwise, that have magnified social and cultural exclusions in the name of national security. While recent studies of poetry have focused on discrete crisis genres such as terror, climate change, or financial collapse, this study reveals how multiple crisis genres are normalized and obscured, thus giving form to the lives and histories that have been rendered disposable along the way. I turn to a variety of poetic forms, from the shorter, witness-based poems of Denise Levertov and Essex Hemphill, to the longform multimodal experiments of Claudia Rankine and Cheena Marie Lo, to examine the way their experiments with address, temporality, citation, and constraint bring into view more historically attentive poetic modes of public care. By elevating forgotten bodies, affects, and temporalities outside the narrow frames of state-sponsored emergencies, these poets probe the limits of poetry’s powers to imagine how crises are rendered socially, politically, and culturally legible. Individual chapters focus on Denise Levertov’s “empathic projection” of wartime experience, from the homefront to the distant violence waged in Vietnam, Essex Hemphill’s elevation of the sensualized black gay body in protest of the federal government’s burying of the AIDS epidemic, Claudia Rankine’s catalogue of “lonely” subjects who are silenced by the racialized noise of the national security state, and Cheena Marie Lo’s attention to the many forms of institutional and cultural neglect that magnify the devastation of “natural” disasters. These poets have a shared investment in extending the way poetic subjects are made imaginatively available as witnesses to disaster, members of communities, citizens of a nation, and imaginers of a world that endures beyond them. This is perhaps the most important outcome of an emergency poetics: to be more alert to possibilities for non-hierarchical survival, hope, solidarity, and exchange even when they may not be available in the politics of the present. In this way, emergency poetics make the most dangerous contours of normalized violence visible in order to remake the terms of their exclusions—and, in turn, to remake the way we think about our capacity to care for others.
Cosmology with an Effective $Λ$-Term in Lyra Manifold
Creators: name: Shchigolev, V. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A cosmological model in Lyra's geometry are studied under the assumption that an effective cosmological term is appeared in the field equations as the result of interaction between the displacement vector field and an auxiliary $ Λ$ - term. Some exact solutions of the model equations are obtained and preliminary studied for the simplest cases in order to illustrate how such a model works
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Tuning the Quantum Phase Transition of Bosons in Optical Lattices via Periodic Modulation of s-Wave Scattering Length
Creators: name: Wang, Tao
name: Zhang, Xue-Feng
name: Santos, Francisco Ednilson Alves dos
name: Eggert, Sebastian
name: Pelster, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider interacting bosons in a 2D square and a 3D cubic optical lattice with a periodic modulation of the s-wave scattering length. At first we map the underlying periodically driven Bose-Hubbard model for large enough driving frequencies approximately to an effective time-independent Hamiltonian with a conditional hopping. Combining different analytical approaches with quantum Monte Carlo simulations then reveals that the superfluid-Mott insulator quantum phase transition still exists despite the periodic driving and that the location of the quantum phase boundary turns out to depend quite sensitively on the driving amplitude. A more detailed quantitative analysis shows even that the effect of driving can be described within the usual Bose-Hubbard model provided that the hopping is rescaled appropriately with the driving amplitude. This finding indicates that the Bose-Hubbard model with a periodically driven s-wave scattering length and the usual Bose-Hubbard model belong to the same universality class from the point of view of critical phenomena.
La Pléiade en débat. Réponse à Emmanuel Désveaux
Creators: name: Debaene, Vincent
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Ethnology

description: Dans un précédent numéro de L’Homme, Emmanuel Désveaux a proposé une note de lecture consacrée à l’édition d’un choix d’oeuvres de Claude Lévi-Strauss dans la Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, note de lecture peu bienveillante, il faut bien le reconnaître. Après quelques hésitations, j’ai décidé de répondre à cette recension, moins par souci de polémique que parce que ce compte
rendu effleure malgré lui quelques problèmes de fond, de sorte que je conçois ce “droit de réponse” qu’a bien voulu me laisser Jean Jamin plutôt comme l’occasion d’une mise au point. Car il est vrai que la préparation de cette édition n’était pas connue de tous et que de nombreux chercheurs en général, et anthropologues en particulier, se sont demandé comment le projet s’était
formé et quel sens il fallait accorder à une telle publication, interrogations légitimes et qui méritent qu’on s’y arrête.
The Noether-Lefschetz Problem and Gauge-Group-Resolved Landscapes: F-Theory on K3 x K3 as a Test Case
Creators: name: Braun, Andreas P.
name: Kimura, Yusuke
name: Watari, Taizan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Four-form flux in F-theory compactifications not only stabilizes moduli, but gives rise to ensembles of string vacua, providing a scientific basis for a stringy notion of naturalness. Of particular interest in this context is the ability to keep track of algebraic information (such as the gauge group) associated with individual vacua while dealing with statistics. In the present work, we aim to clarify conceptual issues and sharpen methods for this purpose, using compactification on ${\rm K3} \times {\rm K3}$ as a test case. Our first approach exploits the connection between the stabilization of complex structure moduli and the Noether-Lefschetz problem. Compactification data for F-theory, however, involve not only a four-fold (with a given complex structure) $Y_4$ and a flux on it, but also an elliptic fibration morphism $Y_4 \longrightarrow B_3$, which makes this problem complicated. The heterotic-F-theory duality indicates that elliptic fibration morphisms should be identified modulo isomorphism. Based on this principle, we explain how to count F-theory vacua on ${\rm K3} \times {\rm K3}$ while keeping the gauge group information. Mathematical results reviewed/developed in our companion paper are exploited heavily. With applications to more general four-folds in mind, we also clarify how to use Ashok-Denef-Douglas' theory of the distribution of flux vacua in order to deal with statistics of sub-ensembles tagged by a given set of algebraic/topological information. As a side remark, we extend the heterotic/F-theory duality dictionary on flux quanta and elaborate on its connection to the semistable degeneration of a K3 surface.
description: 81 pages, 5 figures
Ain kurtz regiment, wie sich das gemayn volck, so mit dem Englischen schwaiß angriffen, haltenn soll; 1530
Creators: name: Rhomming, Johannes
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2021

description: Bibliographischer Nachweis: VD 16 R 2113
Local digital estimators of intrinsic volumes for Boolean models and in the design based setting
Creators: name: Svane, Anne Marie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 94A08, 60D05

description: In order to estimate the specific intrinsic volumes of a planar Boolean model from a binary image, we consider local digital algorithms based on weighted sums of $2\times 2$ configuration counts. For Boolean models with balls as grains, explicit formulas for the bias of such algorithms are derived, resulting in a set of linear equations that the weights must satisfy in order to minimize the bias in high resolution. These results generalize to larger classes of random sets, as well as to the design based situation, where a fixed set is observed on a stationary isotropic lattice. Finally, the formulas for the bias obtained for Boolean models are applied to existing algorithms in order to compare their accuracy.
description: 32 pages
Spin-Orbit Coupling in Deformed Harmonic Traps
Creators: name: Marchukov, Oleksandr V.
name: Volosniev, Artem G.
name: Fedorov, Dmitri V.
name: Jensen, Aksel S.
name: Zinner, Nikolaj T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a two-dimensional system of harmonically trapped particles with pseudo-spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ degree of freedom. This degree of freedom is coupled to the particle's momentum via the so-called Rashba spin-orbit interaction. We present our numerical results for a single-particle and few-particle systems, assuming the repulsive interparticle interaction to be of zero range.
description: 4 pages, 3 figure; Proceedings of the 22nd European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Krakow, Poland, 9-13 September 2013
Full counting statistics and phase diagram of a dissipative Rydberg gas
Creators: name: Malossi, N.
name: Valado, M. M.
name: Scotto, S.
name: Huillery, P.
name: Pillet, P.
name: Ciampini, D.
name: Arimondo, E.
name: Morsch, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-cold gases excited to strongly interacting Rydberg states are a promising system for quantum simulations of many-body systems. For off-resonant excitation of such systems in the dissipative regime, highly correlated many-body states exhibiting, among other characteristics, intermittency and multi-modal counting distributions are expected to be created. So far, experiments with Rydberg atoms have been carried out in the resonant, non-dissipative regime. Here we realize a dissipative gas of rubidium Rydberg atoms and measure its full counting statistics for both resonant and off-resonant excitation. We find strongly bimodal counting distributions in the off-resonant regime that are compatible with intermittency due to the coexistence of dynamical phases. Moreover, we measure the phase diagram of the system and find good agreement with recent theoretical predictions. Our results pave the way towards detailed studies of many-body effects in Rydberg gases.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Women's Occupations, Smoking, and Cancer and Other Diseases
Creators: name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Stellman, Jeanne M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1981
Subjects: Epidemiology
Public health

description: This article addresses three major questions: (1) What jobs do women hold, and in what industries do they work? (2) How much do women smoke, and how is their smoking related to their jobs and to other social factors? (3) How does the combination of occupation and smoking influence women's risk for developing cancer and other diseases?
Lattice effective field theory for nuclei from A = 4 to A = 28
Creators: name: Lähde, Timo A.
name: Epelbaum, Evgeny
name: Krebs, Hermann
name: Lee, Dean
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
name: Rupak, Gautam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an overview of the extension of Nuclear Lattice Effective Field Theory simulations to the regime of medium-mass nuclei. We focus on the determination of the ground-state energies of the alpha nuclei $^{16}$O, $^{20}$Ne, $^{24}$Mg and $^{28}$Si by means of Euclidean time projection.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, presented at the 31st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE 2013), July 29 - August 3, 2013, Mainz, Germany
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Muscat, Joshua E.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Wynder, Ernst L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Epidemiology
Medicine

description: Background. The association between the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) and large bowel cancer was examined in a hospital-based case-control study of 511 patients with colorectal cancer and 500 age-sex matched control subjects. Methods. Regular NSAID use was defined as at least 3 times per week for 1 or more years before the date of hospital admission. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by the duration of NSAID use and according to the medical reasons given for taking NSAIDs. Results. The prevalences of regular NSAID use were 15% for male patients, 8% for female patients, and 20% for control subjects. Overall, NSAID use was associated with a statistically significant risk reduction in men (OR = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-0.97) and in women (OR = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18-0.57). The estimate decreased with duration among men but increased with duration among women. The risk reduction among patients who took NSAIDs to prevent heart disease was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.38-1.13) for men and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.12-1.59) for women. For treating headache pain, the OR was 0.5 (95% CI, 0.23-1.09) for men and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.25-1.62) for women. The use of NSAID was not found to be associated with the stage of cancer at diagnosis. The OR for daily acetaminophen use was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.35-3.23) for men and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.27-1.25) for women. Conclusions. The regular use of NSAIDs was associated with an overall significant risk reduction of colorectal cancer in men and in women. Among female patients, the greater protective effect associated with short term NSAID use compared with long term NSAID use may reflect a sampling bias.
Uterine Gpr83 expression and Gpr83 signaling during early pregnancy in the mouse
Creators: name: Parobchak, Nataliya
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: The goal of this study was to characterize the expression and signaling of uterine GPR83 in vivo in the nonpregnant and pregnant mouse and in vitro in human endometrial and non-endometrial cells. Expression of uterine Gpr83 was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction throughout the estrous cycle and during early pregnancy in ovarian-stimulated and non−ovarian-stimulated mice and pregnant and pseudopregnant mice. Expression was also determined in ovariectomized mice after the administration of oil, E2, P4, or E2 + P4 and in stromal cells following 6 days of in vitro decidualization. GPR83 signaling was studied in human endometrial and embryonic kidney cell lines. Cells were treated with PEN, a GPR83 ligand, and PEN-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was assayed under conditions that blocked Gαq/11 and/or β-arrestin signaling. Results show that uterine Gpr83 is expressed throughout the estrous cycle and during early pregnancy; expression increases dramatically at the time of uterine receptivity, embryo implantation, and stromal cell decidualization. In the ovariectomized mouse, hormone add-back reveals that Gpr83 expression is highly responsive to the combined treatment of E2 and P4, and studies in the ovarian-stimulated mouse show that expression is also very sensitive to changes in E2 and P4 and is therefore tightly regulated by E2 and P4. At the implantation site, expression is elevated up to D6 of pregnancy and then declines rapidly on D7 and D8, suggesting that if there is any involvement in decidualization, it is likely associated with primary but not secondary stromal cell decidualization. This premise was supported by the observation that stromal cell decidualization in vitro progresses with a decline in Gpr83 expression. In ERα/PR-expressing endometrial Ishikawa cells, GPR83 mediates PEN signals in a Gαq/11-dependent manner, and studies conducted in HEK 293 cells lacking β-arrestin revealed that GPR83 also signals via a β-arrestin−dependent manner. When signaling by either one or both pathways is downregulated, cells exhibit a major reduction in responsiveness to PEN treatment, demonstrating that signaling by both pathways is significant. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that PEN/GPR83 signaling regulates uterine receptivity, embryo implantation, and primary stromal cell decidualization by coupling to Gαq/11- and β-arrestin−dependent pathways.
A four-component Camassa-Holm type hierarchy
Creators: name: Li, Nianhua
name: Liu, Q. P.
name: Popowicz, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a 3$\times$3 spectral problem which generates four-component CH type systems. The bi-Hamiltonian structure and infinitely many conserved quantities are constructed for the associated hierarchy. Some possible reductions are also studied.
A One-Pass Sequential Monte Carlo Method for Bayesian Analysis of Massive Datasets
Creators: name: Balakrishnan, Suhrid
name: Madigan, David B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Statistics

description: For Bayesian analysis of massive data, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques often prove infeasible due to computational resource constraints. Standard MCMC methods generally require a complete scan of the dataset for each iteration. Ridgeway and Madigan (2002) and Chopin (2002b) recently presented importance sampling algorithms that combined simulations from a posterior distribution conditioned on a small portion of the dataset with a reweighting of those simulations to condition on the remainder of the dataset. While these algorithms drastically reduce the number of data accesses as compared to traditional MCMC, they still require substantially more than a single pass over the dataset. In this paper, we present "1PFS," an efficient, one-pass algorithm. The algorithm employs a simple modification of the Ridgeway and Madigan (2002) particle filtering algorithm that replaces the MCMC based "rejuvenation" step with a more efficient "shrinkage" kernel smoothing based step. To show proof-of-concept and to enable a direct comparison, we demonstrate 1PFS on the same examples presented in Ridgeway and Madigan (2002), namely a mixture model for Markov chains and Bayesian logistic regression. Our results indicate the proposed scheme delivers accurate parameter estimates while employing only a single pass through the data.
title: Fall hochtrabender Gedancken oder gestürtzter Ludovicus Flesco, Haupt der Flescanischen Auffruhr zu Genua; 1684
title: dem ... Herrn Maximiliano Gandolpho, Ertz-Bischoffen zu Saltzburg ... dedicirt und zur Fassnachs-Zeit in Scenen repraesentiert von einer Compagni etlicher Studiosen in Saltzburg
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2021

description: Perioche
Existence of Solutions for Nonconvex Differential Inclusions of Monotone Type
Creators: name: Farkhi, Elza
name: Donchev, Tzanko
name: Baier, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A60, 34A12, 47H05

description: Differential inclusions with compact, upper semi-continuous, not necessarily convex right-hand sides in R^n are studied. Under a weakened monotonicity-type condition the existence of solutions is proved.
description: 5 pages, 14 references
Posttraumatic stress disorder and new-onset diabetes among adult survivors of the World Trade Center disaster
Creators: name: Miller-Archie, Sara A.
name: Jordan, Hannah T.
name: Ruff, Ryan R.
name: Chamany, Shadi
name: Cone, James E.
name: Brackbill, Robert M.
name: Kong, Joanne
name: Ortega, Felix
name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Epidemiology

description: Objective. To explore the temporal relationship between 9/11-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and new-onset diabetes in World Trade Center (WTC) survivors up to 11 years after the attack in 2001. Methods. Three waves of surveys (conducted from 2003 to 2012) from the WTC Health Registry cohort collected data on physical and mental health status, sociodemographic characteristics, and 9/11-related exposures. Diabetes was defined as self-reported, physician-diagnosed diabetes reported after enrollment. After excluding prevalent cases, there were 36,899 eligible adult enrollees. Logistic regression and generalized multilevel growth models were used to assess the association between PTSD measured at enrollment and subsequent diabetes. Results. We identified 2143 cases of diabetes. After adjustment,we observed a significant association between PTSD and diabetes in the logistic model [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.44]. Results from the growth model were similar (AOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.23–1.52). Conclusion. This exploratory study found that PTSD, a common 9/11-related health outcome, was a risk factor for self-reported diabetes. Clinicians treating survivors of both the WTC attacks and other disasters should be aware that diabetes may be a long-term consequence.
Discovery of the spectroscopic binary nature of three bright southern Cepheids
Creators: name: Szabados, L.
name: Anderson, R. I.
name: Derekas, A.
name: Kiss, L. L.
name: Szalai, T.
name: Székely, P.
name: Christiansen, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of spectroscopic radial velocity and photometric data of three bright Galactic Cepheids: LR Trianguli Australis (LR TrA), RZ Velorum (RZ Vel), and BG Velorum (BG Vel). Based on new radial velocity data, these Cepheids have been found to be members of spectroscopic binary systems. The ratio of the peak-to-peak radial velocity amplitude to photometric amplitude indicates the presence of a companion for LR TrA and BG Vel. IUE spectra indicate that the companions of RZ Vel and BG Vel cannot be hot stars. The analysis of all available photometric data revealed that the pulsation period of RZ Vel and BG Vel varies monotonically, due to stellar evolution. Moreover, the longest period Cepheid in this sample, RZ Vel, shows period fluctuations superimposed on the monotonic period increase. The light-time effect interpretation of the observed pattern needs long-term photometric monitoring of this Cepheid. The pulsation period of LR TrA has remained constant since the discovery of its brightness variation. Using statistical data, it is also shown that a large number of spectroscopic binaries still remain to be discovered among bright classical Cepheids.
description: 9 pages, 14 figures
ТЕКСТОВЫЕ МАРКЕРЫ СОБЫТИЙНОСТИ: КОММУНИКАТИВНО-ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ВЫМЫСЛА
Creators: name: Безруков, Андрей
Publisher: name: ООО Цифра
Year: 2023
Subjects: fiction discourse
eventuality
fiction
category of the possible
sign
художественный дискурс
событийность
художественный вымысел
категория возможного
знак

description: Russian Linguistic Bulletin, Выпуск 8 (44) 2023
title: Remembering Auschwitz-Birkenau: Children’s Shadows
Creators: name: Anderson, Rachel
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: I’m going to share some of my feelings I had jotted down in my travel journal from March 13th, the day we went to Auschwitz-Birkenau:

Upon arrival in Auschwitz, it did not feel like I had entered a concentration camp, or any kind of place of suffering to be frank. I did not get that feeling until I was standing under the “Arbeit Macht Frei” sign. That is when a wave of anguish and terror swept over me. From that moment on until we got back onto the bus to head back to Kraków, I had the largest lump in my throat from being constantly choked up. Every single exhibit we saw filled my heart with dread and there was no way of getting around that feeling.
Ferrimagnetic Slater Insulator Phase of the Sn/Ge(111) Surface
Creators: name: Lee, Jun-Ho
name: Kim, Hyun-Jung
name: Cho, Jun-Hyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed the semilocal and hybrid density-functional theory (DFT) studies of the Sn/Ge(111) surface to identify the origin of the observed insulating ${\sqrt{3}}{\times}{\sqrt{3}}$ phase below ${\sim}$30 K. Contrasting with the semilocal DFT calculation predicting a metallic 3${\times}$3 ground state, the hybrid DFT calculation including van der Waals interactions shows that the insulating ferrimagnetic structure with ${\sqrt{3}}{\times}{\sqrt{3}}$ structural symmetry is energetically favored over the metallic 3${\times}$3 structure. It is revealed that the correction of self-interaction error with a hybrid exchange-correlation functional gives rise to a band-gap opening induced by a ferrimagnetic order. The results manifest that the observed insulating phase is attributed to the Slater mechanism via itinerant magnetic order rather than the hitherto accepted Mott-Hubbard mechanism via electron correlations.
description: 4 figures, published in Phys. Rev. Lett