cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ionic thermoelectric materials and devices
Creators: name: Zhao, Dan
name: Würger, Alois
name: Crispin, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tremendous amount of wasted heat from solar radiation and industry dissipation has motivated the development of thermoelectric concepts that directly convert heat into electricity. The main challenge in practical applications for thermoelectrics is the high cost from both materials and manufacturing. Recently, breakthrough progresses in ionic thermoelectrics open up new possibilities to charge energy storage devices when submitted to a temperature gradient. The charging voltage is internally from the ionic Seebeck effect of the electrolyte between two electrodes. Hence electrolytes with high thermoelectric figure of merit are classified as ionic thermoelectric materials. Most ionic thermoelectric materials are composed of abundant elements, and they can generate hundreds of times larger thermal voltage than that of electronic materials. This emerging thermoelectric category brings new hope to fabricate low cost and large area heat-to-energy conversion devices, and triggers a renewed interest for ionic thermodiffusion. In this review, we summarize the state of the art in the new field of ionic thermoelectrics, from the driving force of the ionic thermodiffusion to material and application developments. We present a general map of ionic thermoelectric materials, discuss the unique characters of each type of the reported electrolytes, and propose potential optimization and future topics of ionic thermoelectrics.
description: 32 pages, 13 figures
The HI content of elliptical and lenticular galaxies with recent star formation
Creators: name: Helmboldt, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a first step toward constraining the efficiency of the star formation episodes that lead to elliptical (E) and lenticular (S0) K+A galaxies, a survey for HI within a sample of E and S0 K+A galaxies and their likely progenitors (i.e., actively star forming E and S0 galaxies) has been conducted with the NRAO Green Bank Telescope (GBT). The sample was taken from a larger parent sample drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Here, the GBT data and initial results are discussed. Over half (19 out of 30) of all observed galaxies have detectable 21-cm emission. It was found that both the K+A and star forming early-type (SFE) galaxies were on average more gas poor than disk galaxies at the same luminosity while being more gas rich than more typical E and S0 galaxies with detected 21-cm emission. The gas richness of K+A galaxies appears to be similar to that of SFE galaxies. The star formation rates and estimated star formation time scales of the SFE galaxies imply that they are capable of only marginally changing their atomic hydrogen content. Follow-up observations are required to explore these same issues in terms of molecular gas, which is more likely to actively participate in the star formation process. Kinematic data for the HI gas, the warm ionised gas, and the stars within the galaxies combined with the SDSS $g$ and $i$ band surface brightness profiles imply that the atomic hydrogen is most likely spatially coincident with the star forming regions within ~1 kpc of the galaxies' centres.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Correlating Template Properties with the Quality of Epitaxially Grown Silicon Wafers
Creators: name: Drießen, M.
name: Fehrenbach, T.
name: Kirste, L.
name: Weiss, C.
name: Janz, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2019
Subjects: Silicon Materials and Cells
Feedstock, Crystallisation, Wafering, Defect Engineering

description: 36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 131-136
description: Epitaxially grown silicon wafers (EpiWafers) are a promising alternative to conventional wafers. High lifetimes are already reported for EpiWafers but still defects limit their quality. The properties of the reorganized porous silicon template affect the crystal defects in final EpiWafers. Therefore, the influence of reorganization temperature on template properties has been investigated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements reveal an increase of surface waviness of reorganized porous silicon layers with an increasing process temperature. A reduced distortion of the crystal lattice of the porous layers is measured for the higher temperature using high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD). Though both properties have the potential for reducing the quality of subsequently grown epitaxial layers, measured defect densities and local minority charge carrier lifetimes suggest that there are other causes which are quality limiting. Thermal stress in combination with the mechanical weakness of the porous layers is identified as one decisive factor. Impurities in form of residual native oxide on pore walls are suspected to increase crystal defect formation as well.
On surface tension for compact stars
Creators: name: Sharma, R.
name: Maharaj, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an earlier treatment it was demonstrated that general relativity gives higher values of surface tension in strange stars with quark matter than neutron stars.We generate the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation to incorporate anisotropic matter and use this to show that pressure anisotropy provides for a wide range of behaviour in the surface tension than is the case with isotropic pressures. In particular it is possible that anisotropy drastically decreases the value of the surface tension.
description: 8 pages, To appear in J. Astrophys. Astron
Additional file 3 of Reduced immune-regulatory molecule expression on human colonic memory CD4 T cells in older adults
Creators: name: Dillon, Stephanie M.
name: Tezha A. Thompson
name: Christians, Allison J.
name: McCarter, Martin D.
name: Wilson, Cara C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Multi-color flow cytometry profiles to enumerate frequencies and phenotypic profiles of human colon LP CD8 T cells.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry for Simulation and Optimization of the Lamination Process
Creators: name: Herzog, C.
name: Müller, T.
name: Heinrich, M.
name: Neuhaus, D.-H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2019
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1019-1024
description: In this study, two methods for the simulation of peroxide based crosslinking kinetics during lamination were investigated. Firstly, an experimental simulation approach utilizing a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) has been conducted; secondly a numerical simulation approach based on the Friedman method was applied. For comparison the same material has been cured with different lamination parameters. Mean accuracies of the two methods were found to be 3.1% and 4.5%, respectively. The simulation approaches may be a useful tool in rapid prototyping of new materials helping to find optimal lamination conditions without actual lamination experiments.
Phase Diagram and Entanglement of Ising Model With Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction
Creators: name: Jafari, R.
name: Kargarian, M.
name: Langari, A.
name: Siahatgar, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the phase diagram and entanglement of the one dimensional Ising model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction. We have applied the quantum renormalization group (QRG) approach to get the stable fixed points, critical point and the scaling of coupling constants. This model has two phases, antiferromagnetic and saturated chiral ones. We have shown that the staggered magnetization is the order parameter of the system and DM interaction produces the chiral order in both phases. We have also implemented the exact diagonalization (Lanczos) method to calculate the static structure factors. The divergence of structure factor at the ordering momentum as the size of systems goes to infinity defines the critical point of the model. Moreover, we have analyzed the relevance of the entanglement in the model which allows us to shed insight on how the critical point is touched as the size of the system becomes large. Nonanalytic behavior of entanglement and finite size scaling have been analyzed which is tightly connected to the critical properties of the model. It is also suggested that a spin-fluid phase has a chiral order in terms of new spin operators which are defined by a nonlocal transformation.
description: 11page, 15 figures, Accepted in Physical Review B
Impacts of Non-Grade Quality Factors on North Dakota Origin Soybean Basis Values: A Panel Regression Analysis
Creators: name: Bullock, David W. Bullock
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Thompson, Ryan
name: Bullock, David W. Bullock
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Thompson, Ryan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: soybean quality
subject: origin basis
subject: principal components analysis
subject: panel regression
subject: hedonic modeling

description: The impact of protein and essential amino acid (cysteine, lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan) content upon North Dakota origin basis values was examined using a panel dataset covering eight Crop Reporting Districts (CRDs) over ten marketing years (2009/10 through 2018/19). Fixed-effect panel regression models were estimated based upon marketing year and quarterly averages to capture seasonal effects related to the timing of quality report releases. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the amino acid quality measurements as a data reduction technique and to correct for multicollinearity in the variables. The regression results indicated a statistically significant positive relationship between three essential amino acids (methionine, threonine, and tryptophan) and local basis values in the quarters corresponding with and just following the release of the annual quality reports. Protein content was found to have little to no effect upon local basis values when considered with the amino acid measurements.
Monte Carlo approach to nuclei and nuclear matter
Creators: name: Fantoni, Stefano
name: Gandolfi, Stefano
name: Illarionov, Alexey Yu.
name: Schmidt, Kevin E.
name: Pederiva, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the most recent applications of the Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo (AFDMC) method. The equation of state (EOS) for pure neutron matter in both normal and BCS phase and the superfluid gap in the low--density regime are computed, using a realistic Hamiltonian containing the Argonne AV8' plus Urbana IX three--nucleon interaction. Preliminary results for the EOS of isospin--asymmetric nuclear matter are also presented.
description: Based on invited talk presented by S. Fantoni at "Sixth International Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics", ICTP, Trieste, May 12-16, 2008
Il codice autografo di Piero Giustinian: Un esempio di genesi ed evoluzione della cronachistica medievale
The codex Piero Giustinian: an example of the genesis and evolution of medieval chronicles
Creators: name: Fiori, Luca <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: L-FIL-LET/07 Civiltà Bizantina

description: La tesi di dottorato di Luca Fiori: Il codice autografo di Piero Giustinian: un esempio di genesi ed evoluzione della cronachistica medievale ha il principale obiettivo quello di dimostrare attraverso la editio princeps dell’autografo in latino, i meccanismi di formazione, trasmissione e proliferazione dei testi cronachistici medievali veneziani, mediante la collazione disamina della tradizione testuale di Pietro Giustinian.
description: The PhD thesis of Luca Fiori: "The codex Piero Giustiniani: an example of the genesis and evolution of the medieval chronicle" has the main objective of demonstrating through editio princeps of the autograph in Latin, the mechanisms of formation, proliferation and transmission of texts Venetian medieval chronicles, through the collation examination of the textual tradition of Pietro Giustinian.
Spin-orbital model for fullerides
Creators: name: Iwazaki, Ryuta
name: Hoshino, Shintaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multiorbital Hubbard model in the strong coupling limit is analyzed for the effectively antiferromagnetic Hund's coupling relevant to fulleride superconductors with three orbitals per molecule. The localized spin-orbital model describes the thermodynamics of the half-filled (three-electron) state with total spin-1/2, composed of singlon and doublon placed on the two of three orbitals. The model is solved using the mean-field approximation and magnetic and electric ordered states are clarified through the temperature dependences of the order parameters. Combining the model with the band structure from {\it ab initio} calculation, we also semi-quantitavely analyze the realistic model and the corresponding physical quantities. In the A15-structure fulleride model, there is an antiferromagnetic ordered state, and subsequently the two orbital ordered state appears at lower temperatures. It is argued that the origin of these orbital orders is related to the $T_h$ point group symmetry. As for the fcc-fulleride model, the time-reversal broken orbital ordered state is identified. Whereas the spin degeneracy remains in our treatment for the geometrically frustrated lattice, it is expected to be lifted by some magnetic ordering or quantum fluctuations, but not by the spin-orbital coupling which is effectively zero for fullerides in the strong-coupling regime.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
From Degradation Kinetics in PV Modules to Residual Lifetime Prognostics
Creators: name: Hieber, H.
name: Gropius, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2019
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1102-1105
description: Long term reliability of PV modules in the field is tested in a short-term stress test to assess a figure of merit concerning the expectable power development for ensembles of polycrystalline silicon and thinfilm modules. For this investigation the samples of different technologies and producers are selected as statistically representatives in 2 groups each with and without visible defects. The modules are subjected to continuous light tests using a solar simulator. The zero-load voltage VOC and the short-circuit current SCC are continuously measured. The transient functions of the VOC and the SCC typically show a heavy-tail relaxation behaviour. The separation of the transients from the irreversible drift rates results in probability density plots. Added are the frequency functions of the visible defects due to corrosion and delamination phenomena. The practical advantage of this model for failure expectation values as a function of the combination of the photoelectrical load, mechanical cycling, and corrosion kinetics is that the number and the time consumption of test runs can be significantly reduced with increased accuracy of the lifetime prediction.
Embeddings of low-dimensional strange attractors: Topological invariants and degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Romanazzi, Nicola
name: Lefranc, Marc
name: Gilmore, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a low dimensional chaotic attractor is embedded in a three dimensional space its topological properties are embedding-dependent. We show that there are just three topological properties that depend on the embedding: parity, global torsion, and knot type. We discuss how they can change with the embedding. Finally, we show that the mechanism that is responsible for creating chaotic behavior is an invariant of all embeddings. These results apply only to chaotic attractors of genus one, which covers the majority of cases in which experimental data have been subjected to topological analysis. This means that the conclusions drawn from previous analyses, for example that the mechanism generating chaotic behavior is a Smale horseshoe mechanism, a reverse horseshoe, a gateau roule, an S-template branched manifold, ..., are not artifacts of the embedding chosen for the analysis.
Radiation damage effects on helium diffusion in zircon
Creators: name: Diver, Aaron
name: Dicks, Oliver
name: Elena, Alin
name: Todorov, Ilian
name: Geisler, Thorstern
name: Trachenko, Kostya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the effects of radiation damage on helium diffusion in zircon using data from molecular dynamics simulations. We observe an increase in activation energy for helium diffusion as a result of radiation damage and increasing structural disorder. The activation energy in a heavily damaged region is smaller than in a completely amorphous system which is correlated with remaining order in the cation sublattices of the damaged structure not present in the fully amorphized system. The reduction of activation energy is related to the disappearance of fast diffusion pathways that present in the crystal. Consistent with the change in activation energy, we observe the accumulation of helium atoms in the damaged structure and discuss the implications of this effect for the formation of helium bubbles and zircon's performance as an encapsulation material for nuclear waste.
Silencing of StRIK in potato suggests a role in periderm related to RNA processing and stress.
Creators: name: Boher, Pau
name: Soler, Marçal
name: Fernández-Piñán, Sandra
name: Torrent, Xènia
name: Müller, Sebastian Y
name: Kelly, Krystyna A
name: Serra, Olga
name: Figueras, Mercè
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Flowering
Rna Regulation
Kh-domain Rna-binding Protein
Potato Tuber Periderm
Rs2-interacting Kh Protein
Cell Nucleus
Plants, Genetically Modified
Arabidopsis
Flowers
Plant Tubers
Plant Proteins
DNA Transposable Elements
RNA, Plant
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Gene Silencing
Solanum tuberosum
Gene Regulatory Networks
Stress, Physiological

description: BACKGROUND: The periderm is a protective barrier crucial for land plant survival, but little is known about genetic factors involved in its development and regulation. Using a transcriptomic approach in the cork oak (Q. suber) periderm, we previously identified an RS2-INTERACTING KH PROTEIN (RIK) homologue of unknown function containing a K homology (KH)-domain RNA-binding protein, as a regulatory candidate gene in the periderm. RESULTS: To gain insight into the function of RIK in the periderm, potato (S. tuberosum) tuber periderm was used as a model: the full-length coding sequence of RIK, hereafter referred to as StRIK, was isolated, the transcript profile analyzed and gene silencing in potato performed to analyze the silencing effects on periderm anatomy and transcriptome. The StRIK transcript accumulated in all vegetative tissues studied, including periderm and other suberized tissues such as root and also in wounded tissues. Downregulation of StRIK in potato by RNA interference (StRIK-RNAi) did not show any obvious effects on tuber periderm anatomy but, unlike Wild type, transgenic plants flowered. Global transcript profiling of the StRIK-RNAi periderm did show altered expression of genes associated with RNA metabolism, stress and signaling, mirroring the biological processes found enriched within the in silico co-expression network of the Arabidopsis orthologue. CONCLUSIONS: The ubiquitous expression of StRIK transcript, the flower associated phenotype and the differential expression of StRIK-RNAi periderm point out to a general regulatory role of StRIK in diverse plant developmental processes. The transcriptome analysis suggests that StRIK might play roles in RNA maturation and stress response in the periderm.
Phase Transitions in Pressurised Semiflexible Polymer Rings
Creators: name: Mitra, Mithun K.
name: Menon, Gautam I.
name: Rajesh, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and study a model for the equilibrium statistical mechanics of a pressurised semiflexible polymer ring. The Hamiltonian has a term which couples to the algebraic area of the ring and a term which accounts for bending (semiflexibility). The model allows for self-intersections. Using a combination of Monte Carlo simulations, Flory-type scaling theory, mean-field approximations and lattice enumeration techniques, we obtain a phase diagram in which collapsed and inflated phases are separated by a continuous transition. The scaling properties of the averaged area as a function of the number of units of the ring are derived. For large pressures, the asymptotic behaviour of the area is calculated for both discrete and lattice versions of the model. For small pressures, the area is obtained through a mapping onto the quantum mechanical problem of an electron moving in a magnetic field. The simulation data agree well with the analytic and mean-field results.
description: 12 pages
Improving the Yield by Designing the Module for a Climatic Region
Creators: name: Ramesh, S.
name: Janssen, G.J.M.
name: Van Aken, B.B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2019
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 887-891
description: From energy yield simulations we found that modules with the same nominal efficiency and bifaciality, but with varying combinations of VOC, ISC and FF, have different yields at the same operating conditions. For three climatic zones IV parameters have been identified that will, at the same nominal efficiency, have the largest positive impact on the yield. This knowledge can be used to optimize modules and cells for the best Levelized Cost of Electricity in that climate.
Dementia and disadvantage in the USA and England: population-based comparative study.
Creators: name: Arapakis, Karolos
name: Brunner, Eric
name: French, Eric
name: McCauley, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Public health
1506
1724
dementia
public health
health economics

description: Funder: Economic and Social Research Council; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000269
description: Funder: Alexander S. Onassis Foundation
description: Funder: Michigan Retirement Research Center
description: OBJECTIVES: To compare dementia prevalence and how it varies by socioeconomic status (SES) across the USA and England. DESIGN: Population-based comparative study. SETTING: Non-Hispanic whites aged over 70 population in the USA and England. PARTICIPANTS: Data from the Health and Retirement Study and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, which are harmonised, nationally representative panel studies. The sample includes 5330 and 3147 individuals in the USA and England, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Between country differences in age-gender standardised dementia prevalence, across the SES gradient. Dementia prevalence was estimated in each country using an algorithm based on an identical battery of demographic, cognitive and functional measures. RESULTS: Dementia prevalence is higher among the disadvantaged in both countries, with the USA being more unequal according to four measures of SES. Overall prevalence was lower in England at 9.7% (95% CI 8.9% to 10.6%) than the USA at 11.2% (95% CI 10.6% to 11.8%), a difference of 1.4 percentage points (pp) (p=0.0055). Most of the between country difference is driven by the bottom of the SES distribution. In the lowest income decile individuals in the USA had 7.3 pp (p<0.0001) higher prevalence than in England. Once past health factors and education were controlled for, most of the within country inequalities disappeared; however, the cross-country difference in prevalence for those in lowest income decile remained disproportionately high. CONCLUSIONS: There is inequality in dementia prevalence according to income, wealth and education in both the USA and England. England has lower dementia prevalence and a less steep SES gradient. Most of the cross-country difference is concentrated in the lowest SES group, which provides evidence that disadvantage in the USA is a disproportionately high risk factor for dementia.
Post-Processing Thickness Variation of PV Module Materials and Its Impact on Temperature, Mechanical Stress and Power
Creators: name: Pfreundt, A.
name: Yucebas, D.
name: Beinert, A.J.
name: Verissimo Mesquita, L.
name: Pitta Bauermann, L.
name: Romer, P.
name: Mittag, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2019
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 935-940
description: We measure the thickness of the encapsulation layers in photovoltaic modules using scanning acoustic microscopy and optical microscopic imaging. Based on the measurement data, we analyze the impact of thickness variation on the operating temperature of the module, its peak power and mechanical stresses in the solar cells during lamination and under load testing conditions. Especially in cell-free areas we find an inhomogeneous thickness attributed to a bending of the backsheet, which has a small impact on the backsheet coupling gain. Even though we find significant deviation in the thicknesses of the encapsulation layer of up to 150 μm, the impact of encapsulant thickness under the investigated conditions is small and mainly attributed to changes in operating temperature.
A Parameterized Model for the Estimation of Life-Cycle Environmental Impacts of Crystalline PV Systems
Creators: name: Tannous, S.
name: Besseau, R.
name: Prieur-Vernat, A.
name: Clavreul, J.
name: Payeur, M.
name: Blanc, I.
name: Perez-Lopez, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2019
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
Sustainability and Recycling

description: 36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1229-1233
description: As part of global efforts to thwart the climate change challenge, the integration of renewable energy systems, including an increasingly dominant solar sector, would contribute by 36% to the reduction of carbon related emissions. Among current photovoltaic technologies, the focus is on silicon-based technologies dominating the photovoltaic market with a share of 95% of the total production in 2017. Despite nearly-zero emissions during the operation, non-negligible environmental impacts of these systems can be associated with the manufacturing stage, which contributes to 80 – 90 % of the engendered impacts over their lifetime. The electricity mix is a key variable parameter among others affecting the environmental impact in particular manufacturing and recycling phases. In order to tackle this variability, the Life Cycle Assessment method along with comprehensive reviews of latest crystalline-silicon advancements are used in this work to develop a parameterized model. The approach does not only provide a scientific multi-criterion support monitored by more than 25 input variables but also includes updates to current databases for photovoltaic systems, dating from 2005. This parameterization shows the relevance of the model’s modular aspect allowing simulations of various scenarios, ensuring up-to-date LCA data, and serving uncertainty and sensitivity analyses in the future.
The nature of mid-infrared excesses from hot dust around Sun-like stars
Creators: name: Smith, R.
name: Wyatt, M. C.
name: Dent, W. R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (ABRIDGED) Studies of debris disks have shown that most systems are analogous to the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt. However a rare subset of sun-like stars possess dust which lies in the terrestrial planet region. In this study we aim to determine how many sources with apparent mid-IR excess are truly hosts of warm dust, and investigate where the dust must lie. We observed using mid-IR imaging with TIMMI2, VISIR and MICHELLE a sample of FGK main sequence stars reported to have hot dust. A new modelling approach was developed to determine the constraints that can be set on the radial extent of excess emission. We confirm the presence of warm dust around 3 of the candidates (eta Corvi, HD145263 and HD202406), and present constraints on the emitting dust regions. Of 2 alternative models for the eta Corvi excess emission, we find that a model with 1 hot dust component at <3 AU (combined with the known submm dust population) fits the data better at the 2.6sigma level than an alternative model with 2 populations of dust in the mid-IR. We identify several systems which have a companion (HD65277 and HD79873) or background object (HD53246, HD123356 and HD128400) responsible for their mid-infrared excess, and for 3 other systems we were able to rule out a point-like source near the star at the level of excess observed in lower resolution observations (HD12039, HD69830 and HD191089). Hot dust sources are either young and possibly primordial or transitional, or have relatively small radius steady-state planetesimal belts, or they are old and luminous with transient emission. High resolution imaging can be used to constrain the location of the disk and help to discriminate between different models of disk emission. For some small disks, interferometry is needed to resolve the disk location.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nonphotonic electrons at RHIC within $k_t$-factorization approach and with experimental semileptonic decay functions
Creators: name: Luszczak, Marta
name: Maciula, Rafal
name: Szczurek, Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss production of nonphotonic electrons in proton-proton scattering at RHIC. The distributions in rapidity and transverse momentum of charm and bottom quarks/antiquarks are calculated in the $k_t$-factorization approach. We use different unintegrated gluon distributions from the literature. The hadronization of heavy quarks is done by means of Peterson and Braaten et al. fragmentation functions. The semileptonic decay functions are found by fitting recent semileptonic data obtained by the CLEO and BABAR collaborations. We get good description of the data at large transverse momenta of electrons and find a missing strength concentrated at small transverse momenta of electrons. Plausible missing mechanisms are discussed.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
The Management of Acute Colonic Diverticulitis in the COVID-19 Era: A Scoping Review.
Creators: name: Cirocchi, Roberto
name: Nascimbeni, Riccardo
name: Burini, Gloria
name: Boselli, Carlo
name: Barberini, Francesco
name: Davies, Justin
name: Di Saverio, Salomone
name: Cassini, Diletta
name: Amato, Bruno
name: Binda, Gian Andrea
name: Bassotti, Gabrio
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
acute diverticulitis
diverticular disease
new management
emergency room

description: Background and Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems worldwide made major changes to their organization, delaying diagnosis and treatment across a broad spectrum of pathologies. Concerning surgery, there was an evident reduction in all elective and emergency activities, particularly for benign pathologies such as acute diverticulitis, for which we have identified a reduction in emergency room presentation with mild forms and an increase with more severe forms. The aim of our review was to discover new data on emergency presentation for patients with acute diverticulitis during the Covid-19 pandemic and their current management, and to define a better methodology for surgical decision-making. Method: We conducted a scoping review on 25 trials, analyzing five points: reduced hospital access for patients with diverticulitis, the preferred treatment for non-complicated diverticulitis, the role of CT scanning in primary evaluation and percutaneous drainage as a treatment, and changes in surgical decision-making and preferred treatment strategies for complicated diverticulitis. Results: We found a decrease in emergency access for patients with diverticular disease, with an increased incidence of complicated diverticulitis. The preferred treatment was conservative for non-complicated forms and in patients with COVID-related pneumonia, percutaneous drainage for abscess, or with surgery delayed or reserved for diffuse peritonitis or sepsis. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic we observed an increased number of complicated forms of diverticulitis, while the total number decreased, possibly due to delay in hospital or ambulatory presentation because of the fear of contracting COVID-19. We observed a greater tendency to treat these more severe forms by conservative means or drainage. When surgery was necessary, there was a preference for an open approach or a delayed operation.
The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion.
Creators: name: Carrick, Frederick Robert
name: Azzolino, Sergio F
name: Hunfalvay, Melissa
name: Pagnacco, Guido
name: Oggero, Elena
name: D'Arcy, Ryan CN
name: Abdulrahman, Mahera
name: Sugaya, Kiminobu
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: pupil light reflex
concussion
gender difference
brain function
pupillometry

description: The size of our pupils changes continuously in response to variations in ambient light levels, a process known as the pupillary light reflex (PLR). The PLR is not a simple reflex as its function is modulated by cognitive brain function and any long-term changes in brain function secondary to injury should cause a change in the parameters of the PLR. We performed a retrospective clinical review of the PLR of our patients using the BrightLamp Reflex iPhone app. The PLR variables of latency, maximum pupil diameter (MaxPD), minimum pupil diameter (MinPD), maximum constriction velocity (MCV), and the 75% recovery time (75% PRT) were associated with significant differences between subjects who had suffered a concussion and those that had not. There were also significant differences in PLR metrics over the life span and between genders and those subjects with and without symptoms. The differences in PLR metrics are modulated not only by concussion history but also by gender and whether or not the person has symptoms associated with a head injury. A concussive injury to the brain is associated with changes in the PLR that persist over the life span, representing biomarkers that might be used in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and decision making.
Additional file 4 of Reduced immune-regulatory molecule expression on human colonic memory CD4 T cells in older adults
Creators: name: Dillon, Stephanie M.
name: Tezha A. Thompson
name: Christians, Allison J.
name: McCarter, Martin D.
name: Wilson, Cara C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. Frequencies and expression of survival, activation and immune-regulatory markers by LP CD8 T cells or LP CD4 T cells in younger persons.
International Collaboration Framework for the Calculation of Performance Loss Rates: Data Quality, Benchmarks, and Trends
Creators: name: Moser, D.
name: Bertani, D.
name: Curran, A.J.
name: French, R.H.
name: Herz, M.
name: Lindig, S.
name: Makrides, G.
name: Müller, B.
name: Richter, M.
name: Van Iseghem, M.
name: Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M.
name: Stein, J.S.
name: Deline, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2019
Subjects: PV Systems and Storage – Modelling, Design, Operation and Performance
Operation, Performance and Maintenance of PV Systems

description: 36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1266-1271
description: Within the IEA PVPS Task 13, a group of experts representing several leading R&D centres, universities and industry companies, is developing a framework for the calculation of Performance Loss Rates (PLR) on a large number of commercial and research PV power plants and related weather data coming from various climatic zones. Various methodologies are applied for the calculation of PLR which are benchmarked in terms of uncertainties and “true” values. The aim of the international collaboration is to show how to calculate the PLR on high quality (high time resolution, reliable data, irradiance, yield, etc.) and on low quality data (low time resolution, only energy data available). Various algorithms and models, along with different time averaging and filtering criteria, can be applied for the calculation of PLR each of which can have an impact on the results. The approach considers three pathways to ensure broad collaboration and increase the statistical relevance of the study: i) use of shared methodologies on shared time series, ii) use of confidential methodologies on shared time series, iii) use of shared methodologies on confidential time series. The data is used for benchmarking activities and to define which methodologies clusters around a “true value” of PLR. The combination of metrics (PR or power based) and methodologies are benchmarked in terms of deviation from the average value and in terms of standard deviation. The combination of temperature corrected PR with the use of Year on Year (YOY) or Seasonal Trend decomposition using Loess (STL) performs well for all systems; other methodologies seems to be more depending on the filtering applied. Another set of data is represented by the IEA PVPS Task 13 “PV performance database” which includes more than 120 PV plants from different climates. The applied methodologies were STL and the YoY approach. STL results in an averaged PLR over all systems of -0.78%/a while YoY yields -0.63%/a. STL is better suited if the time series data are of higher resolution and high-quality weather data are available. One important outcome of this study is the setting of a framework for the contribution to a clear and structured quality classification for PV time series data and a guideline for PLR calculations in dependency of the data categorization.
Quantum groups and functional relations for arbitrary rank
Creators: name: Razumov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum integrable systems associated with the quantum loop algebras $\mathrm U_q(\mathcal L(\mathfrak{sl}_{\, l + 1}))$ are considered. The factorized form of the transfer operators related to the infinite dimensional evaluation representations is found and the determinant form of the transfer operators related to the finite dimensional evaluation representations is obtained. The master $TQ$- and $TT$-relations are derived. The operatorial $T$- and $Q$-systems are found. The nested Bethe equations are obtained.
description: 45 pages
Highly Nonlinear Solitary Waves in Periodic Dimer Granular Chains
Creators: name: Porter, Mason A.
name: Daraio, Chiara
name: Herbold, Eric B.
name: Szelengowicz, Ivan
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the propagation of highly nonlinear solitary waves in heterogeneous, periodic granular media using experiments, numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis. We examine periodic arrangements of particles in experiments in which stiffer/heavier beads (stainless steel) are alternated with softer/lighter ones (PTFE beads). We find excellent agreement between experiments and numerics in a model with Hertzian interactions between adjacent beads, which in turn agrees very well with a theoretical analysis of the model in the long-wavelength regime that we derive for heterogeneous environments and general bead interactions. Our analysis encompasses previously-studied examples as special cases and also provides key insights on the influence of the dimer lattice on the properties (width and propagation speed) of the obtained highly nonlinear wave solutions.
description: 4.2 pages, 3 figures (each with multiple panels); adjustments in title, text, and figures; typos corrected; to appear in Physical Review E (rapid communication)
Effect of Argon-Hydrogen Gas Mixture on Properties of ITO Layers and Performance of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Ishmuratov, P.
name: Nyapshaev, I.
name: Yakovlev, V.
name: Abolmasov, S.
name: Andronikov, D.
name: Emtsev, K.
name: Abramov, A.
name: Tarasov, V.
name: Dubrovskiy, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2019
Subjects: Silicon Materials and Cells
Heterojunction Solar Cells

description: 36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 530-532
description: In this work, we examine the effect of the argon-hydrogen gas mixture on properties of ITO layers and performance of SHJ cells in both the laboratory and industrial PVD systems. It is shown that the effect of the Ar:H2 mixture depends on the composition of the ITO target. The best cell parameters were obtained by using the following combination “front ITO with 3 wt.% SnO2/ rear ITO with 1 wt.% SnO2”. In this case, a significant increase in the cell efficiency (~0.4 abs.%) is observed for the laboratory PVD system. However, on the industrial scale, the effect of using Ar:H2 mixture is not so significant (increase in average efficiency is about 0.08 abs.%).
The production of hot electrons by the two-plasmon decay instability in a CO2 laser plasma interaction
Creators: name: Legault, Lawrence E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The generation of hot electrons characterizing the two-plasmon decay (TPD) instability is investigated experimentally both in and out of the plane of polarization of a CO₂ laser incident on an underdense gas target. The results presented here show that, for high intensities (I > ~ 3.5 x 10¹³ W/cm² for a helium target, 1 > ~ 5.5 x 10¹³ W/cm² for a nitrogen target), the electron plasma waves (EPW's) generated by the TPD instability are modified by the electron decay instability (EDI). The relatively short scale lengths at the onset of TPD for these high intensities (<~0.125mm) cause the EPW's propagating towards the higher density regions of the plasma to undergo the EDI resulting in EPW's which contain a vector component perpendicular to the plane of polarization and accelerate electrons by nonlinear Landau damping up to 55° outside the plane of polarization.
Model-Independent Analysis of Tri-bimaximal Mixing -- a Softly-Broken Hidden or an Accidental Symmetry?
Creators: name: Albright, Carl H.
name: Rodejohann, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To address the issue of whether tri-bimaximal mixing (TBM) is a softly-broken hidden or an accidental symmetry, we adopt a model-independent analysis in which we perturb a neutrino mass matrix leading to TBM in the most general way but leave the three texture zeros of the diagonal charged lepton mass matrix unperturbed. We compare predictions for the perturbed neutrino TBM parameters with those obtained from typical SO(10) grand unified theories with a variety of flavor symmetries. Whereas SO(10) GUTs almost always predict a normal mass hierarchy for the light neutrinos, TBM has a priori no preference for neutrino masses. We find, in particular for the latter, that the value of |U_{e3}| is very sensitive to the neutrino mass scale and ordering. Observation of |U_{e3}|^2 > 0.001 to 0.01 within the next few years would be incompatible with softly-broken TBM and a normal mass hierarchy and would suggest that the apparent TBM symmetry is an accidental symmetry instead. No such conclusions can be drawn for the inverted and quasi-degenerate hierarchy spectra.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures. Typos corrected, references added. To appear in PLB
Multiple molecular outflows and fragmentation in the IRDC core G34.43+00.24 MM1
Creators: name: Isequilla, N. L.
name: Ortega, M. E.
name: Areal, M. B.
name: Paron, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fragmentation of a molecular cloud that leads to the formation of high-mass stars occurs on a hierarchy of different spatial scales. The large molecular clouds harbour massive molecular clumps with massive cores embedded in them. The fragmentation of these cores may determine the initial mass function and the masses of the final stars. Therefore, studying the fragmentation processes in the cores is crucial to understand how massive stars form. The hot molecular core G34-MM1, embedded in IRDC G34.34+00.24 located at a distance of 3.6 kpc, is a promising object to study both the fragmentation and outflow processes. Using data at 93 and 334 GHz obtained from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) database we studied G34-MM1 with great detail. The angular resolution of the data at 334 GHz allowed us to resolve structures of about 0.014 pc ($\sim$2900 au). We found evidence of fragmentation towards the molecular hot core G34-MM1 at two different spatial scales. The dust condensation MM1-A (about 0.06 pc in size) harbours three molecular subcores candidates (SC1 through SC3) detected in $^{12}$CO J=3-2 emission, with typical sizes of about 0.02 pc. From the HCO$^+$ J=1-0 emission, we identify, with better angular resolution than previous observations, two perpendicular molecular outflows arising from MM1-A. We suggest that subcores SC1 and SC2, embedded in MM1-A, harbour the sources responsible of the main and the secondary molecular outflow, respectively. Finally, from the radio continuum emission at 334 GHz, we marginally detected another dust condensation, named MM1-E, from which a young, massive, and energetic molecular outflow arises. The fragmentation of the hot molecular core G34-MM1 at two different spatial scales, together with the presence of multiple molecular outflows associated with it, would support a competitive accretion scenario.
description: Accepted in A&A. March 8, 2021
Epilepsy and Ecstatic Experiences: The Role of the Insula.
Creators: name: Picard, Fabienne
name: Bossaerts, Peter
name: Bartolomei, Fabrice
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: ecstatic epilepsy
ecstatic aura
anterior insula
mental clarity
certainty
predictive coding
active inference
interoception

description: Ecstatic epilepsy is a rare form of focal epilepsy in which the aura (beginning of the seizures) consists of a blissful state of mental clarity/feeling of certainty. Such a state has also been described as a "religious" or mystical experience. While this form of epilepsy has long been recognized as a temporal lobe epilepsy, we have accumulated evidence converging toward the location of the symptomatogenic zone in the dorsal anterior insula during the 10 last years. The neurocognitive hypothesis for the genesis of a mental clarity is the suppression of the interoceptive prediction errors and of the unexpected surprise associated with any incoming internal or external signal, usually processed by the dorsal anterior insula. This mimics a perfect prediction of the world and induces a feeling of certainty. The ecstatic epilepsy is thus an amazing model for the role of anterior insula in uncertainty and surprise.