cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Simulation of cyclotron resonant scattering features: The effect of bulk velocity
Creators: name: Schwarm, F.-W.
name: Schönherr, G.
name: Kühnel, M.
name: Wilms, J.
Publisher: name: Les Ulis : EDP Sciences
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: X-ray binary system
subject: optical star
subject: neutron star
subject: 530

description: X-ray binary systems consisting of a mass donating optical star and a highly magnetized neutron star, under the right circumstances, show quantum mechanical absorption features in the observed spectra called cyclotron resonant scattering features (CRSFs). We have developed a simulation to model CRSFs using Monte Carlo methods. We calculate Green's tables which can be used to imprint CRSFs to arbitrary X-ray continua. Our simulation keeps track of scattering parameters of individual photons, extends the number of variable parameters of previous works, and allows for more flexible geometries. Here we focus on the influence of bulk velocity of the accreted matter on the CRSF line shapes and positions.
Leisure participation and mental health in Tasmania : a lifecycle approach
Creators: name: Kelly, BA
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis reports on research that examined the effect of leisure participation on mental ill-health and wellbeing across four lifecycle cohorts in the Australian state of Tasmania. Commonly referred to as free time or time spent free of responsibility, leisure is particularly relevant to modern society, providing relief from daily pressures and increasing responsibilities. Leisure provides opportunities for personal growth and development across the lifespan. The majority of previous research has focused predominantly on the effects of leisure participation on university student samples. The aims of this research were to (a) describe any differences in leisure participation between four lifecycle groups; (b) determine the effects of leisure participation on mental ill-health; and (c) ascertain any differences in leisure coping techniques on the prevalence of mental ill-health for each lifecycle group. Three research questions were devised and separate data analyses undertaken to fulfil the aims of the study. Thirty-eight organisations including schools, clubs, volunteer organisations, and government agencies participated in the study to represent the four lifecycle groups of adolescent (n=72), young adult (n=166), middle age (n=109), and older adult (n=59) participants. The types of leisure activities most frequently participated in for achievement, social, and time-out reasons were explored using the Leisure Questionnaire (Passmore & French, 2001), alongside measures of Leisure Coping Beliefs and Leisure Coping Strategies, as measured using the Hierarchical Dimensions of Leisure Stress Coping (Iwasaki & Mannell, 2000). A measure of mental ill-health was also taken using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) (Goldberg, 1972). Results show a focus on physical leisure activities for achievement, social, and time-out leisure for each lifecycle group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that perceived participation in social and time-out leisure contributed significantly in lowering mental ill-health for the adolescent, young adult, and middle age lifecycle groups. Leisure coping strategies were also found to significantly contribute to an improvement in mental ill-health in the adolescent, young adult, and older adult lifecycle group, with leisure coping beliefs significantly contributing to lowering levels of mental ill-health in the middle age lifecycle group. These outcomes provide a basis for a better understanding of how leisure participation differs between the lifecycle groups and how leisure participation contributes to mental ill-health for each lifecycle category. Implications of this research are discussed with recommendations for mental health professionals, in terms of the promotion of leisure participation to enhance positive mental health within the community.
Relativistic beaming and gamma-ray brightness of blazars
Creators: name: Savolainen, T.
name: Homan, D. C.
name: Hovatta, T.
name: Kadler, M.
name: Kovalev, Y. Y.
name: Lister, M. L.
name: Ros, E.
name: Zensus, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dependence of gamma-ray brightness of blazars on intrinsic properties of their parsec-scale radio jets and the implication for relativistic beaming. By combining apparent jet speeds derived from high-resolution VLBA images from the MOJAVE program with millimetre-wavelength flux density monitoring data from Metsahovi Radio Observatory, we estimate the jet Doppler factors, Lorentz factors, and viewing angles for a sample of 62 blazars. We study the trends in these quantities between the sources which were detected in gamma-rays by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) during its first three months of science operations and those which were not detected. The LAT-detected blazars have on average higher Doppler factors than non-LAT-detected blazars, as has been implied indirectly in several earlier studies. We find statistically significant differences in the viewing angle distributions between gamma-ray bright and weak sources. Most interestingly, gamma-ray bright blazars have a distribution of comoving frame viewing angles that is significantly narrower than that of gamma-ray weak blazars and centred roughly perpendicular to the jet axis. The lack of gamma-ray bright blazars at large comoving frame viewing angles can be explained by relativistic beaming of gamma-rays, while the apparent lack of gamma-ray bright blazars at small comoving frame viewing angles, if confirmed with larger samples, may suggest an intrinsic anisotropy or Lorentz factor dependence of the gamma-ray emission.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Smad4 controls signaling robustness and morphogenesis by differentially contributing to the Nodal and BMP pathways
Creators: name: Guglielmi, Luca
name: Heliot, Claire
name: Kumar, Sunil
name: Alexandrov, Yuriy
name: Gori, Ilaria
name: Papaleonidopoulou, Foteini
name: Barrington, Christopher
name: East, Philip
name: Economou, Andrew D
name: French, Paul MW
name: McGinty, James
name: Hill, Caroline S
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: Model organisms
Imaging
Tumour Biology
Signalling & Oncogenes
Gene Expression
Genetics & Genomics
Developmental Biology
Genome Integrity & Repair
Cell Biology
Chemical Biology & High Throughput
Computational & Systems Biology

description: The transcriptional effector SMAD4 is a core component of the TGF-β family signaling pathways. However, its role in vertebrate embryo development remains unresolved. To address this, we deleted Smad4 in zebrafish and investigated the consequences of this on signaling by the TGF-β family morphogens, BMPs and Nodal. We demonstrate that in the absence of Smad4, dorsal/ventral embryo patterning is disrupted due to the loss of BMP signaling. However, unexpectedly, Nodal signaling is maintained, but lacks robustness. This Smad4-independent Nodal signaling is sufficient for mesoderm specification, but not for optimal endoderm specification. Furthermore, using Optical Projection Tomography in combination with 3D embryo morphometry, we have generated a BMP morphospace and demonstrate that Smad4 mutants are morphologically indistinguishable from embryos in which BMP signaling has been genetically/pharmacologically perturbed. Smad4 is thus differentially required for signaling by different TGF-β family ligands, which has implications for diseases where Smad4 is mutated or deleted.
Feedlot Residue Testing
Creators: name: Sundlof, Stephen F.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1992

description: Food safety has become one of the most visible and emotional issues confronting affluent societies. Of particular concern is the adulteration of the food supply by foreign chemicals. Even though the incidence of drug residues in foods of animal origin remains low, and the human health risks associated with these residues are small compared to other food-related hazards, the public's attention has focused on the residue issue, and it is unlikely that this will change in the near future. Growing consumer health-related concerns over residues appear to be major factors contributing to stagnant beef markets in the U.S. In a national survey conducted by the Food Marketing Institute, an independent organization representing U.S. food marketers, the number 1 concern of consumers pertained to residues in meat. Other health-related issues such as cholesterol and saturated fat content were perceived by the public as less threatening than residues (Food Marketing Institute 1988). Representing this consumer movement for residue-free foods are well funded and organized consumer advocacy groups. These organizations direct substantial lobbying efforts at national policy makers and play an influential role in establishing food and drug regulations. Adverse public perception surrounding the drug residue issue has affected U.S. markets for red meat both domestically and abroad resulting in embargoes and other non-tariff trade barriers. From an economic standpoint, the marketing of residue-contaminated animals can result in substantial monitary losses. Such losses result from marketing delays which are triggered by a residue violation. No further marketing of animals can take place until a representative number of animals have been tested for residues and determined to be nonviolative.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 2
Subsampling impact on the climate change signal over poland based on simulations from statistical and dynamical downscaling
Creators: name: Mezghani, Abdelkader
name: Dobler, Andreas
name: Benestad, Rasmus
name: Haugen, Jan Erik
name: Parding, Kajsa M.
name: Piniewski, Mikolaj
name: Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W.
Publisher: name: Boston, Mass. : AMS
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Climate models
subject: Ensembles
subject: Model comparison
subject: Model output statistics
subject: Statistical techniques
subject: 550

description: Most impact studies using downscaled climate data as input assume that the selection of few global climate models (GCMs) representing the largest spread covers the likely range of future changes. This study shows that including more GCMs can result in a very different behavior. We tested the influence of selecting various subsets of GCMs on the climate change signal over Poland from simulations based on dynamical and empirical-statistical downscaling methods. When the climate variable is well simulated by the GCM, such as temperature, results showed that both downscaling methods agree on a warming over Poland by up to 2° or 5°C assuming intermediate or high emission scenarios, respectively, by 2071-2100. As a less robust simulated signal through GCMs, precipitation is expected to increase by up to 10% by 2071-2100 assuming the intermediate emission scenario. However, these changes are uncertain when the high emission scenario and the end of the twenty-first century are of interest. Further, an additional bootstrap test revealed an underestimation in the warming rate varying from 0.5° to more than 4°C over Poland that was found to be largely influenced by the selection of few driving GCMs instead of considering the full range of possible climate model outlooks. Furthermore, we found that differences between various combinations of small subsets from the GCM ensemble of opportunities can be as large as the climate change signal. © 2019 American Meteorological Society.
Feedlot Engineering & Design
Creators: name: Bodman, Gerald R.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1992

description: Functional feedlot design requires integration of multiple elements to form a complete system. Planning is facilitated by combining those elements into specific subsystems. The list of subsystems will vary between designers but I generally use the following list: 1) cattle handling and treatment; 2) cattle feeding; 3) water supply and distribution; 4) feed storage, processing, transport and delivery; 5) manure management and runoff control: 6) vehicle traffic; 7) cattle shelter, if desired; 8) wind control; 9) snow management; 10) lighting: and 11) personnel. Each subsystem must be designed giving consideration to function, cost. relationship to and integration with the overall system. manageability and--above all--safety for both personnel and livestock. This paper is not a complete designer's "how to" treatise. My purpose is to provide an overview of some hasic and important aspects of feedlot design to create an enhanced awareness of the importance of total system design. The paper is complementary to others being presented at the conference and to the listed references addressing specific topics
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 2
Feedlot Hospital Management
Creators: name: Griffin, Dee
name: Perino, Louis
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1992

description: The concepts of preventive medicine as studied and practiced by most in our profession do not apply in feedlots. A better term for what most feedlot veterinarians practice might be "Disease Management. " Prevention defines activities that if taken avoid the occurrence of a problem. While both disease prevention and disease management define activities that are coordinated to a achieve a goal. Management readily recognizes the occurrence of problems and plans activities to deal with these to minimize their detrimental effects. Disease management plans for the occurrence of disease. The basis for success is having planned so well for dealing with disease that the goal of the feedlot is achieved.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 2
Making Rational Product Choices
Creators: name: Smith, Robert A.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1992

description: Feedyard managers and feedyard veterinarians are faced with a wide array of health care products today. Most are detailed as the "product of choice" to prevent or treat diseases. Due to the large volume and the complexity of health care products used in a feedyard, the veterinarian must serve as an advisor to management to assess the value using various products. Cost of health care products is always a consideration. However, cost must be evaluated in respect to risk of disease, cost of the disease and the impact of disease on production. Efficacy of the product in question must also be carefully evaluated. It is important to remember that vaccines, bacterins, antibiotics and anthelmintics are only management tools. Commercial products will not eliminate or cure diseases by themselves, but instead must be critically implemented into a comprehensive, planned management program. In this paper, considerations for making rational product choices will be discussed. The selection considerations for anthelmintics, antibiotics and vaccines will be emphasized.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 2
Zipf's Law Leads to Heaps' Law: Analyzing Their Relation in Finite-Size Systems
Creators: name: Lu, Linyuan
name: Zhang, Zi-Ke
name: Zhou, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: Zipf's law and Heaps' law are observed in disparate complex systems. Of particular interests, these two laws often appear together. Many theoretical models and analyses are performed to understand their co-occurrence in real systems, but it still lacks a clear picture about their relation. Methodology/Principal Findings: We show that the Heaps' law can be considered as a derivative phenomenon if the system obeys the Zipf's law. Furthermore, we refine the known approximate solution of the Heaps' exponent provided the Zipf's exponent. We show that the approximate solution is indeed an asymptotic solution for infinite systems, while in the finite-size system the Heaps' exponent is sensitive to the system size. Extensive empirical analysis on tens of disparate systems demonstrates that our refined results can better capture the relation between the Zipf's and Heaps' exponents. Conclusions/Significance: The present analysis provides a clear picture about the relation between the Zipf's law and Heaps' law without the help of any specific stochastic model, namely the Heaps' law is indeed a derivative phenomenon from Zipf's law. The presented numerical method gives considerably better estimation of the Heaps' exponent given the Zipf's exponent and the system size. Our analysis provides some insights and implications of real complex systems, for example, one can naturally obtained a better explanation of the accelerated growth of scale-free networks.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 1 Table
Receiving Nutrition and Management for Feedlots
Creators: name: Cole, N. Andy
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1992

description: Feeder calves encounter numerous physiological and psychological stressors during movement from one production point to another. Proper nutrition can help prepare the animal for a period of stress, reduce the adverse effects of stress, and enhance recovery from stressful periods. Additionally, inadequate nutrition can accentuate the adverse effects of stress.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 2
Preconditioning and Integrating Pre-Purchase Information
Creators: name: Thomson, John U.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1992

description: Practitioners, producers, and researchers have tried to evaluate the merits of bovine health management programs such as preconditioning for many years. Researchers have demonstrated varied results on the benefits of preconditioning. Most research has pointed out program deficiencies (1-6). The definition of a preconditioned calf is frequently left to the principal investigator. A nutritionist may consider preconditioning as a vaccination program and a veterinarian may consider it as a total management program. This makes comparisons of studies difficult. A decision making process in herd health and management programs can be implemented by defining the situation, considering the options, studying present knowledge of the options, selecting a strategy, and evaluating the outcome (7). Since the problem with many studies is defining the situation, maybe one should define a non-preconditioned calf.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 2
A study of Codium fragile
Creators: name: Borden, Carol Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Codium fragile (Suringar) Harlot (Chlorophyta, Codiales) is a siphonous marine alga of extensive distribution and varied habitat. Ordinarily It is described as reproducing sexually, by fusion of anisogamous gametes produced on separate individuals. However, there are populations reported which consist exclusively of female plants reproducing by parthenogenetic germination of female gametes. Three aspects of the biology of a population of Codium fragile from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, were studied. (1) Zygotes and germlings were obtained in cultures in the laboratory and their growth and early development were observed. No utricles were produced by young germlings, even after three to four months in culture; the existence of a "juvenile filamentous stage" without utricles is suggested. The possibility of parthenogenetic development of female gametes was investigated and it was found that, in the material studied, zygotes and germlings are produced only in the presence of both male and female plants. (2) Apical segments of C. fragile 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 cm in length were treated with 5 mg/l IAA. IAA-treated 4.5 cm segments showed a slight but significant increase in growth over controls. No such increase was found in IAA-treated 2.5 and 3.5 cm segments. (3) The mitotic cycle and the periodicity of mitosis in germlings in culture were investigated. In most respects mitosis in C. fragile resembles "normal" mitosis. However, a persistent nucleolus-like body was observed during all stages of division. Attempts to ascertain the chemical nature of this body were unsuccessful. Experiments on the periodicity of mitosis disclosed a series of peaks of mitotic activity which appear to be unrelated to the time of onset of light or darkness. Mitosis within any one germling is asynchronous.
Beef Cattle Management Consultation
Creators: name: Toombs, Robert E.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1992

description: Veterinarians can become effective beef cattle management consultants by combining the knowledge they have with an organized, methodical approach to solving ranch production and financial problems. Many veterinarians provide consultative services to producers on a daily basis, but because they have not formalized their methods into a systematic protocol that addresses both the production and financial factors limiting profitability on beef cattle ranches, they have been incapable of establishing a consultative service. By using the methods outlined in this paper, the veterinarian can establish a service which benefits themselves and their clients. It starts with the objectives for management consultation, describes the protocols for assessing the production and financial status of a ranch, describes the means for identifying the factors limiting productivity and profitability, considers the Business Plan, provides the techniques for assessing the financial progress, and offers alternative methods for structuring consultation fees.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 2
The homotopy theory of strong homotopy algebras and bialgebras
Creators: name: Pridham, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18C15, 55U40, 18D20, 18G30

description: Lada introduced strong homotopy algebras to describe the structures on a deformation retract of an algebra in topological spaces. However, there is no satisfactory general definition of a morphism of strong homotopy (s.h.) algebras. Given a monad T on a simplicial category C, we instead show how s.h. T-algebras over C naturally form a Segal space. Given a distributive monad-comonad pair (T, S), the same is true for s.h. (T, S)-bialgebras over C; in particular this yields the homotopy theory of s.h. sheaves of s.h. rings. There are similar statements for quasi-monads and quasi-comonads. We also show how the structures arising are related to derived connections on bundles.
description: 58 pages; v2 final version, to appear in HHA.
Theorising occupational decision making : a longitudinal study of hospitality training in schools
Creators: name: Simpkin, TL
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The transition from student to worker is one of great significance. Decisions made about occupation can determine future career trajectories and, by extension, access to or denial of societal privilege, occupational status attainment and social identity. Partly in response to this, it is becoming increasingly common for individuals to have exposure to workplaces by undertaking a period of vocational education and training (VET) whilst in the latter stages of secondary school. This research uses such a transitional period to examine occupational decision making of students undertaking a hospitality vocational course in Tasmania, Australia. Globally, the hospitality sector experiences pressing problem of skills and labour shortages and therefore there is a need to investigate the reasons why individuals choose to enter and remain in hospitality occupations. This thesis links two well-established career decision-making theories to identify a more appropriate means to examine the elongated period of occupational decision making through vocational education and training. This non-traditional approach to occupational decision making is not well reflected in the career literature or by existing models of career decision making. Using a mixed method approach, this longitudinal study examines the occupational decision-making processes of students from different backgrounds. Their stories reveal a holistic picture of the impacts of family influence, socioeconomic background and interests on an initial decision to enter training as preparation for an occupation in hospitality. The longitudinal method allows further investigation of the assessment of that initial occupational decision for suitability during the VET course and into early career. This research has found that socioeconomic background, parental occupation and interest will narrow the range of occupational choices perceived to be available to individuals as described in Gottfredson‚ÄövÑvºs (1981) Theory of Circumscription and Compromise. However, it was found that assumptions of individual agency and rational decision making were curtailed by the perception of limited occupational options underpinned by fundamental social structures such as social class and occupational status. Early career decision making was found to depend largely on the relative strength of goals, expectation of outcomes and sense of self-efficacy as described in Lent, Brown and Hackett‚ÄövÑvºs (1994) Social Cognitive Career Theory. Decisions were not formally rational given the limits of their research into occupations and the limitations to thinking created by social structures. This research also identifies the role of workplace relationships as an explicit and powerful moderator of turnover intention in early hospitality career.
Search for Axions with the CDMS Experiment
Creators: name: CDMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first axion search results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. An energy threshold of 2 keV for electron-recoil events allows a search for possible solar axion conversion into photons or local Galactic axion conversion into electrons in the germanium crystal detectors. The solar axion search sets an upper limit on the Primakov coupling $g_{aγγ}$ of 2.4$ \times 10^{-9}$ GeV$^{-1}$ at the 95% confidence level for an axion mass less than 0.1 keV/c$^2$. This limit benefits from the first precise measurement of the absolute crystal plane orientations in this type of experiment. The Galactic axion search analysis sets a world-leading experimental upper limit on the axio-electric coupling $g_{a\bar{e}e}$ of 1.4$ \times 10^{-12}$ at the 90 % confidence level for an axion mass of 2.5 keV/c$^2$. This analysis excludes an interpretation of the DAMA annual modulation result in terms of Galactic axion interactions for axion masses above 1.4 keV/c$^2$.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Climate change impact on regional floods in the Carpathian region
Creators: name: Didovets, Iulii
name: Krysanova, Valentina
name: Bürger, Gerd
name: Snizhko, Sergiy
name: Balabukh, Vira
name: Bronstert, Axel
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Carpathians
subject: Climate change impact
subject: Floods
subject: Hydrological modelling
subject: Prut
subject: SWIM
subject: Tisza
subject: Ukraine
subject: 690
subject: 550

description: Study region: Tisza and Prut catchments, originating on the slopes of the Carpathian mountains. Study focus: The study reported here investigates (i) climate change impacts on flood risk in the region, and (ii) uncertainty related to hydrological modelling, downscaling techniques and climate projections. The climate projections used in the study were derived from five GCMs, downscaled either dynamically with RCMs or with the statistical downscaling model XDS. The resulting climate change scenarios were applied to drive the eco-hydrological model SWIM, which was calibrated and validated for the catchments in advance using observed climate and hydrological data. The changes in the 30-year flood hazards and 98 and 95 percentiles of discharge were evaluated for the far future period (2071–2100) in comparison with the reference period (1981–2010). New hydrological insights for the region: The majority of model outputs under RCP 4.5 show a small to strong increase of the 30-year flood level in the Tisza ranging from 4.5% to 62%, and moderate increase in the Prut ranging from 11% to 22%. The impact results under RCP 8.5 are more uncertain with changes in both directions due to high uncertainties in GCM-RCM climate projections, downscaling methods and the low density of available climate stations. © 2019 The Authors
Epidemologic Approach to Solving Beef Herd Production or Disease Problems
Creators: name: Wikse, Steven E.
name: Toombs, Robert E.
name: Field, Robert W.
name: Holland, Patricia S.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1992

description: Diagnosis of production or disease problems on a herd basis is often more challenging than diagnosis of individual animal disease. In herd diagnostics, the influence of environmental factors and interactions between individuals must be considered in addition to individual animals. While the identification of etiologic factors is the definitive diagnosis needed to correct individual animal health problems, identification of the conditions that allow expression of the etiologic factors is necessary to solve herd problems. The steps and objectives of individual animal and herd diagnostics are compared in Table 1. Control of disease at the herd level is widely believed to be more financially beneficial to livestock producers than treatment of individual ill animals. A knowledge base of veterinary medicine, epidemiologic methods, and modern animal husbandry is essential for successful herd diagnostics.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 2
Performance of CMS Muon Reconstruction in Cosmic-Ray Events
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The performance of muon reconstruction in CMS is evaluated using a large data sample of cosmic-ray muons recorded in 2008. Efficiencies of various high-level trigger, identification, and reconstruction algorithms have been measured for a broad range of muon momenta, and were found to be in good agreement with expectations from Monte Carlo simulation. The relative momentum resolution for muons crossing the barrel part of the detector is better than 1% at 10 GeV/c and is about 8% at 500 GeV/c, the latter being only a factor of two worse than expected with ideal alignment conditions. Muon charge misassignment ranges from less than 0.01% at 10 GeV/c to about 1% at 500 GeV/c.
Limit processes for TASEP with shocks and rarefaction fans
Creators: name: Corwin, Ivan
name: Ferrari, Patrik L.
name: Péché, Sandrine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82C22, 60K35, 15A52

description: We consider the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) with two-sided Bernoulli initial condition, i.e., with left density rho_- and right density rho_+. We consider the associated height function, whose discrete gradient is given by the particle occurrences. Macroscopically one has a deterministic limit shape with a shock or a rarefaction fan depending on the values of rho_{+/-}. We characterize the large time scaling limit of the fluctuations as a function of the densities rho_{+/-} and of the different macroscopic regions. Moreover, using a slow decorrelation phenomena, the results are extended from fixed time to the whole space-time, except along the some directions (the characteristic solutions of the related Burgers equation) where the problem is still open. On the way to proving the results for TASEP, we obtain the limit processes for the fluctuations in a class of corner growth processes with external sources, of equivalently for the last passage time in a directed percolation model with two-sided boundary conditions. Additionally, we provide analogous results for eigenvalues of perturbed complex Wishart (sample covariance) matrices.
description: 46 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX; Extended explanations in the first two sections
The effect of temperature during fruit development on the quality of green snap beans
Creators: name: Dunlop, Clifford Arthur Allan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The effect of temperature and maturity on the quality of Tendercrop green snap beans was studied by growing plants in controlled environment cabinets. Plants were grown in the greenhouse until 7 days after anthesis at which time they were removed and transferred to temperatures of 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C. The beans were harvested at 14, 19, 21, 29 and 34 days after anthesis and analyzed for various quality factors. Growing the fruit at a temperature of 35°C resulted in a significant stunting of the size and average weight of the pod. The optimum temperature for maximum yield was found to be 25°C. Temperature resulted in a significant increase in lightness and yellowness and increased significantly with maturity below 35°C over the period studied. Toughness did not change with maturity or temperature between 20°C and 30°C until 24 days after anthesis. After this point, toughness increased with increasing temperature. Beans grown at 35°C were significantly tougher than 20 - 30°C beans and increased in toughness over their 14 - 24 day maturity period. Increased temperature and maturity caused an increase in total solids, water insoluble solids, starch, fibre and in pectin above 30°C. Total sugars decreased with maturity and increased temperature. Total ash did not change significantly with temperature or maturity. Pod width and seed length were shown to be accurate indices of maturity. Total solids appeared to be a good index of edible maturity. The need for revision of standards to account for various rates of maturity onset was stressed.
Bit Commitment from Non-Signaling Correlations
Creators: name: Winkler, Severin
name: Wullschleger, Juerg
name: Wolf, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Central cryptographic functionalities such as encryption, authentication, or secure two-party computation cannot be realized in an information-theoretically secure way from scratch. This serves as a motivation to study what (possibly weak) primitives they can be based on. We consider as such starting points general two-party input-output systems that do not allow for message transmission, and show that they can be used for realizing unconditionally secure bit commitment as soon as they are non-trivial, i.e., cannot be securely realized from distributed randomness only.
description: New title. Changes in the introduction and the preliminaries
A Systematic Approach to Improve Productivity and Profitability of Beef Cattle Ranches
Creators: name: Toombs, R. E.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1992

description: Small producers of beef cattle are being taken over by large corporations that market the majority of cattle by contracting with feedlots and packers in vertical harmony.1 To survive and prosper under this transition, the food animal practitioner must adapt to the transformation.2 The public's perception of the veterinary medical profession must also change. To facilitate this change, the veterinarian must become a valuable asset to the producer by providing services beyond the scope of traditional veterinary care. A recent national survey found that livestock producers perceived their veterinarian's knowledge of agribusiness/economics to be 19.4% less than that of producers', and 9% below that of Extension Agents'.3 The traditional veterinary educational process furnishes the new graduate with little training in economics, production, or management. In fact, training in the management of disease, the forte of the veterinary profession, is inadequate at most schools because it overwhelmingly concentrates on individuals rather than populations of animals. To gain knowledge in agribusiness/economics, the veterinarian must rely upon extensive graduate work or gradually obtain the knowledge over a longer period of time through an "on-the-job" training process. If the veterinarian has the expertise to furnish producers with valuable information, the producers' perception of veterinarians will be favorably altered, and the veterinarian's area of specialization expanded so that the veterinarian can become actively involved in decisions that affect beef cattle production and profitability.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 2
Binary compact object coalescence rates: The role of elliptical galaxies
Creators: name: O'Shaughnessy, R.
name: Kalogera, V.
name: Belczynski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate binary compact object merger detection rates for LIGO, including the binaries formed in ellipticals long ago. Specifically, we convolve hundreds of model realizations of elliptical- and spiral-galaxy population syntheses with a model for elliptical- and spiral-galaxy star formation history as a function of redshift. Our results favor local merger rate densities of 4\times 10^{-3} {Mpc}^{-3}{Myr}^{-1} for binary black holes (BH), 3\times 10^{-2} {Mpc}^{-3}{Myr}^{-1} for binary neutron stars (NS), and 10^{-2} {Mpc}^{-3}{Myr}^{-1} for BH-NS binaries. Mergers in elliptical galaxies are a significant fraction of our total estimate for BH-BH and BH-NS detection rates; NS-NS detection rates are dominated by the contribution from spiral galaxies. Using only models that reproduce current observations of Galactic NS-NS binaries, we find slightly higher rates for NS-NS and largely similar ranges for BH-NS and BH-BH binaries. Assuming a detection signal-to-noise ratio threshold of 8 for a single detector (as part of a network), corresponding to radii \Cv of the effective volume inside of which a single LIGO detector could observe the inspiral of two 1.4 M_\sun neutron stars of 14 Mpc and 197 Mpc, for initial and advanced LIGO, we find event rates of any merger type of 2.9* 10^{-2} -- 0.46 and 25-400 per year (at 90% confidence level), respectively. We also find that the probability P_{detect} of detecting one or more mergers with this single detector can be approximated by (i) P_{detect}\simeq 0.4+0.5\log (T/0.01{yr}), assuming \Cv=197 {Mpc} and it operates for T years, for T between 2 days and 0.1 {yr}); or by (ii) P_{detect}\simeq 0.5 + 1.5 \log \Cv/32{Mpc}, for one year of operation and for $\Cv$ between 20 and 70 Mpc. [ABRIDGED]
description: 22 pages, 11 figures. Accepted by ApJ. v2 adds several figures, an electronic-only table of all intermediate binary evolution simulations (tab1.txt here), and new subsections outlining broader significance (e.g., 5.4; 4.6; 6.1)
Increased complexity in interstellar chemistry: Detection and chemical modeling of ethyl formate and n-propyl cyanide in Sgr B2(N)
Creators: name: Belloche, A.
name: Garrod, R. T.
name: Müller, H. S. P.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Comito, C.
name: Schilke, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, organic molecules of increasing complexity have been found toward the prolific Galactic center source Sagittarius B2. We wish to explore the degree of complexity that the interstellar chemistry can reach in star-forming regions. We carried out a complete line survey of the hot cores Sgr B2(N) and (M) with the IRAM 30 m telescope in the 3 mm range. We analyzed this spectral survey in the LTE approximation. We modeled the emission of all known molecules simultaneously, which allows us to search for less abundant, more complex molecules. We compared the derived column densities with the predictions of a coupled gas-phase and grain-surface chemical code. We report the first detection in space of ethyl formate (C2H5OCHO) and n-propyl cyanide (C3H7CN) toward Sgr B2(N). The abundances of ethyl formate and n-propyl cyanide relative to H2 are estimated to be 3.6e-9 and 1.0e-9, respectively. Our chemical modeling suggests that the sequential, piecewise construction of ethyl and n-propyl cyanide from their constituent functional groups on the grain surfaces is their most likely formation route. Ethyl formate is primarily formed on the grains by adding CH3 to functional-group radicals derived from methyl formate, although ethanol may also be a precursor. The detection in Sgr B2(N) of the next stage of complexity in two classes of complex molecule, esters and alkyl cyanides, suggests that greater complexity in other classes of molecule may be present in the interstellar medium. {Abridged}
description: 7 figures, 15 tables, including online material. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Disentangling nonlinear geomagnetic variability during magnetic storms and quiescence by timescale dependent recurrence properties
Creators: name: Alberti, Tommaso
name: Lekscha, Jaqueline
name: Consolini, Giuseppe
name: De Michelis, Paola
name: Donner, Reik V.
Publisher: name: Les Ulis : EDP Sciences
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth's magnetospheric dynamics
subject: Empirical mode decomposition
subject: Geomagnetic indices
subject: Geomagnetic storms and substorms
subject: Recurrence analysis
subject: 550

description: Understanding the complex behavior of the near-Earth electromagnetic environment is one of the main challenges of Space Weather studies. This includes both the correct characterization of the different physical mechanisms responsible for its configuration and dynamics as well as the efforts which are needed for a correct forecasting of several phenomena. By using a nonlinear multi-scale dynamical systems approach, we provide here new insights into the scale-to-scale dynamical behavior of both quiet and disturbed periods of geomagnetic activity. The results show that a scale-dependent dynamical transition occurs when moving from short to long timescales, i.e., from fast to slow dynamical processes, the latter being characterized by a more regular behavior, while more dynamical anomalies are found in the behavior of the fast component. This suggests that different physical processes are typical for both dynamical regimes: the fast component, being characterized by a more chaotic and less predictable behavior, can be related to the internal dynamical state of the near-Earth electromagnetic environment, while the slow component seems to be less chaotic and associated with the directly driven processes related to the interplanetary medium variability. Moreover, a clear difference has been found between quiet and disturbed periods, the former being more complex than the latter. These findings support the view that, for a correct forecasting in the framework of Space Weather studies, more attention needs to be devoted to the identification of proxies describing the internal dynamical state of the near-Earth electromagnetic environment. © T. Alberti et al., Published by EDP Sciences 2020.
Standardized Performance Analysis Integrating Production and Financial Performance
Creators: name: McGrann, James M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1992

description: A producer led effort through the NCA-Integrated Resource Management (IRM) Coordinating Committee has developed standardized cow-calf enterprise production and financial performance analysis to meet information needs of cow-calf producers. Areas addressed include (1) standardization of terminology and calculation procedure, (2) selection of a minimal set of measures that describe performance and (3) standardization of methodology in enterprise cost accounting. Field testing of the analysis system in 12 states involving 55 herds prior to January 1992 has been extremely successful. This re-emphasizes the desire of producers to have sound production and financial information that they can understand and utilize in decision making. The implementation of NCA-IRM-Standardized Performance Analysis (SPA™) is now underway. This paper briefly summarizes the measures selected, key results of the herds evaluated and future direction of SPA.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 2
Thermodynamical Aspects of Gravity: New insights
Creators: name: Padmanabhan, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fact that one can associate thermodynamic properties with horizons brings together principles of quantum theory, gravitation and thermodynamics and possibly offers a window to the nature of quantum geometry. This review discusses certain aspects of this topic concentrating on new insights gained from some recent work. After a brief introduction of the overall perspective, Sections 2 and 3 provide the pedagogical background on the geometrical features of bifurcation horizons, path integral derivation of horizon temperature, black hole evaporation, structure of Lanczos-Lovelock models, the concept of Noether charge and its relation to horizon entropy. Section 4 discusses several conceptual issues introduced by the existence of temperature and entropy of the horizons. In Section 5 we take up the connection between horizon thermodynamics and gravitational dynamics and describe several peculiar features which have no simple interpretation in the conventional approach. The next two sections describe the recent progress achieved in an alternative perspective of gravity. In Section 6 we provide a thermodynamic interpretation of the field equations of gravity in any diffeomorphism invariant theory and in Section 7 we obtain the field equations of gravity from an entropy maximization principle. The last section provides a summary.
description: 85 pages; 5 figures; Invited Review to appear in Reports on Progress in Physics