cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Radio occultations of the Io plasma torus by Juno are feasible
Creators: name: Phipps, Phillip H.
name: Withers, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flow of material from Io's volcanoes into the Io plasma torus, out into the magnetosphere, and along field lines into Jupiter's upper atmosphere is not adequately understood. The lack of observations of spatial and temporal variations in the Io plasma torus impedes attempts to understand the system as a whole. Here we propose that radio occultations of the Io plasma torus by the Juno spacecraft can measure plasma densities in the Io plasma torus. We find that the line-of-sight column density of plasma in each of the three regions of the Io plasma torus (cold torus, ribbon, and warm torus) can be measured with uncertainties of 10%. We also find that scale heights describing the spatial variation in plasma density in each of these three regions can be measured with similar uncertainties. Such observations will be sufficiently accurate to support system-scale studies of the flow of plasma through the magnetosphere of Jupiter.
description: 53 pages (unformatted manuscript), 10 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in JGR Space Physics
Charged Higgs production from polarized top-quark decay in the 2HDM considering the general-mass variable-flavor-number scheme
Creators: name: Abbaspour, S.
name: Nejad, S. Mohammad Moosavi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charged Higgs bosons $H^\pm$ are predicted by some non-minimal Higgs scenarios, such as models containing Higgs triplets and two-Higgs-doublet models, so that the experimental observation of these bosons would indicate physics beyond the Standard Model. In the present work, we introduce a new channel to indirect search for the charged Higgses through the hadronic decay of polarized top quarks where a top quark decays into a charged Higgs $H^+$ and a bottom-flavored hadron $B$ via the hadronization process of the produced bottom quark, $t(\uparrow)\rightarrow H^++b(\to B+jet)$. To obtain the energy spectrum of produced $B$-hadrons we present, for the first time, an analytical expression for the ${\cal O}(α_s)$ corrections to the differential decay width of the process $t\rightarrow H^+b$ in the presence of a massive b-quark in the General-Mass Variable-Flavor-Number Scheme (GM-VFNS). We find that the most reliable predictions for the B-hadron energy spectrum are made in the GM-VFN scheme, specifically, when the Type-II 2HDM scenario is concerned.
Current-induced spin polarization of a magnetized two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit interaction
Creators: name: Dyrdal, A.
name: Barnas, J.
name: Dugaev, V. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current-induced spin polarization in a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit interaction is considered theoretically in terms of the Matsubara Green functions. This formalism allows to describe temperature dependence of the induced spin polarization. The electron gas is assumed to be coupled to a magnetic substrate via exchange interaction. Analytical and numerical results on the temperature dependence of spin polarization have been obtained in the linear response regime. The spin polarization has been presented as a sum of two terms - one proportional to the relaxation time and the other related to the Berry phase corresponding to the electronic bands of the magnetized Rashba gas. The spin-orbit torque due to Rashba interaction is also discussed. Such a torque appears as a result of the exchange coupling between the non-equilibrium spin polarization and magnetic moment of the underlayer.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Barjols, atelier Fabre, fabrication du galoubet, accord de l'instrument à l'aide d'un galoubet étalon
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
A complete characterisation of All-versus-Nothing arguments for stabiliser states
Creators: name: Abramsky, Samson
name: Barbosa, Rui Soares
name: Carù, Giovanni
name: Perdrix, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An important class of contextuality arguments in quantum foundations are the All-versus-Nothing (AvN) proofs, generalising a construction originally due to Mermin. We present a general formulation of All-versus-Nothing arguments, and a complete characterisation of all such arguments which arise from stabiliser states. We show that every AvN argument for an n-qubit stabiliser state can be reduced to an AvN proof for a three-qubit state which is local Clifford-equivalent to the tripartite GHZ state. This is achieved through a combinatorial characterisation of AvN arguments, the AvN triple Theorem, whose proof makes use of the theory of graph states. This result enables the development of a computational method to generate all the AvN arguments in $\mathbb{Z}_2$ on n-qubit stabiliser states. We also present new insights into the stabiliser formalism and its connections with logic.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Quantum Entanglement in Time
Creators: name: Nowakowski, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a concept of quantum entanglement in time in a context of entangled consistent histories. These considerations are supported by presentation of necessary tools closely related to those acting on a space of spatial multipartite quantum states. We show that in similarity to monogamy of quantum entanglement in space, quantum entanglement in time is also endowed with this property for a particular history. Basing on these observations, we discuss further bounding of temporal correlations and derive analytically the Tsirelson bound implied by entangled histories for the Leggett-Garg inequalities.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures. An extended version of a conference paper. To appear in Quantum Retrocausation III (AIP Conference Proceedings edited by Daniel P. Sheehan)
Educational Strategies of the Black Middle Classes, 2009
Creators: name: Ball, S.
name: Gillborn, D.
name: Rollock, N.
name: Vincent, C.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This is a qualitative data collection. Race and class are key dimensions in contemporary education debates, but they are rarely considered in tandem: this is the first UK project to focus on Black Caribbean-heritage middle class parents and the education system. Drawing on 77 in-depth interviews with 62 Black parents, the research team explored and analysed their educational perspectives, strategies and priorities as they navigate their children through the school system. The aim was to unpack the complex relationship between race and class in shaping their experiences and attitudes.
 The findings to date emphasize the agency and activity of these parents in relation to their children’s schooling, an approach informed by their awareness of and experience of racism. They monitor children’s progress carefully, and are ready to intervene when necessary. They work to present themselves to teachers as knowledgeable and proactive on educational issues, both to pre-empt low teacher expectations and to equip their children with a range of social and cultural resources. Parents in the study recognise racism as often less overt than when they were children, but nonetheless pervasive, in subtle, coded forms often not seen or understood by White people. Thus, they work to promote self-esteem, academic success, and an emotionally healthy Black identity in their children. The parents in the study are sometimes able to make use of aspects of their class advantage to mediate the effects of racism. However, skills and resources are not sufficient to eradicate the consequences of racism altogether.
title: Journal Bildende Kunst.Gestaltung.Musik.Bühne.Wissen
Creators: name: Universität Der Künste Berlin
Publisher: name: Verlag der Universität der Künste Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 700 Künste; Bildende und angewandte Kunst

description: Ausgabe 14 (2021 Herbst)
description: Journal Bildende Kunst.Gestaltung.Musik.Bühne.Wissen; 2021, Herbst
On the equivalence of the 11D pure spinor and Brink-Schwarz-like superparticle cohomologies
Creators: name: Guillen, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $D=11$ pure spinor formulation of the superparticle allows a simple realization of covariant quantization, unlike the $D=11$ Brink-Schwarz-like superparticle. We explicitly show the equivalence between the cohomologies of these two models in the context of two different group decompositions: $SO(10,1) \rightarrow SO(1,1)\times SO(9)$ and $SO(10,1) \rightarrow SO(3,1)\times SO(7)$. We also carry out a light-cone analysis of the pure spinor cohomology, and show that it correctly reproduces the $SO(9)$ equations of motion for $D=11$ linearized supergravity.
description: 24 pages. Fixed typos and added footnote
Challenging the Politics of Evidence-Based Practice: Exploring the Testimony of Stroke Survivors in the Community, 2007-2008
Creators: name: Williams, S.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This is a qualitative data collection. This study explored the oral history of people who had experienced a recent stroke and sought their testimony about their lives during the first year following the stroke event. It described the journey of adjustment of four stroke 'survivors' and their families over a period of eight months. Their lived experience focused not only on being a survivor of the stroke itself but also the healthcare ‘system’, particularly their stay in hospital. The person living with a stroke also identified themselves as 'survivors' at home as they struggled on a day-to-day basis to adjust to a changed relationship with their bodies, families and sought to make sense of the stroke event and its impact based on a review of their life history as a couple or family. The testimony emphasised a journey that requires greater psychological support and the importance of life history work in chronic illness.

 The data collection includes interviews with four different stroke 'survivors' who were all interviewed on three different occasions. The characteristics of the sample represented a diverse range of disabling effects following stroke, including difficulties with ambulation, speech and completing some activities of daily living. The interviews were conducted in their own homes and completed with the person with a stroke and their partner/family member.
Measuring the Reliability of Hate Speech Annotations: The Case of the European Refugee Crisis
Creators: name: Ross, Björn
name: Rist, Michael
name: Carbonell, Guillermo
name: Cabrera, Benjamin
name: Kurowsky, Nils
name: Wojatzki, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Some users of social media are spreading racist, sexist, and otherwise hateful content. For the purpose of training a hate speech detection system, the reliability of the annotations is crucial, but there is no universally agreed-upon definition. We collected potentially hateful messages and asked two groups of internet users to determine whether they were hate speech or not, whether they should be banned or not and to rate their degree of offensiveness. One of the groups was shown a definition prior to completing the survey. We aimed to assess whether hate speech can be annotated reliably, and the extent to which existing definitions are in accordance with subjective ratings. Our results indicate that showing users a definition caused them to partially align their own opinion with the definition but did not improve reliability, which was very low overall. We conclude that the presence of hate speech should perhaps not be considered a binary yes-or-no decision, and raters need more detailed instructions for the annotation.
DIY Heart Health: Accounting for the Use of Statins, 2010-2011
Creators: name: Will, C.
name: Weiner, K.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This is a qualitative data collection.

 This project was designed to investigate lay ideas/practices concerning heart health in the context of debates about appropriate regulation of preventive drugs (i.e. sale direct to consumers; sale ‘over-the-counter’ (OTC) in pharmacies; or prescription). The initial proposal centered on users of statins purchased direct from pharmacists, but the research was extended to consider people who had been offered prescription statins for primary prevention. The researchers set out to explain how people felt about these drugs; the decisions they made about them; and how their use was articulated with other efforts to reduce cardiovascular risk, e.g. lifestyle change or health related consumption.

 The following questions were asked:

how do people account for their decisions to purchase or try to purchase statins?

in these accounts, how does statin use/non-use fit with wider personal projects to avoid heart troubles or maintain health?

what do those who have purchased them say about the ways in which they use or choose not to use these products?

what do these accounts tell us about the emergence, uptake or transformation of the ‘self-care’ agenda and consumer identities?

what implications do these findings have for policy concerning the regulation of non-prescription drugs?

 Further information may be found on the ESRC's DIY heart health: Accounting for the Use of Statins award webpage.
Rural and Urban Solo Living: Social Integration, Quality of Life and Future Orientations, 2007-2008
Creators: name: Jamieson, L.
name: Wasoff, F.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2012

description: This is a qualitative data collection.

 Solo-living is a rapidly growing trend among adults in age groups typically associated with being partnered and parenting. From the perspective of theorists of social change, this is either evidence of social disintegration or, contradicting this concern, the consequences of greater democracy in personal life. In either case, the trend will impact on future demands for a range of social provision such as income support, pensions, health, housing and transport.

 This two-year study focused on particular sub-populations to examine the social capital and social integration, quality of life and future orientations of solos. It investigated differences in routes into and experiences and expectations of solo-livers by gender, urban-rural locality, and socio-economic circumstances. The selected sub-populations were solo-living men and women aged 25-44 from large urban areas, remote towns and rural areas. Scotland’s predominant rural land mass, its relatively higher rate of solo-living and lower fertility within the UK made it an obvious part of the UK in which to explore the trend in different types of urban and rural localities. The Scottish Household Survey (SHS) (available from the UK Data Archive under GN 33333) was used as a sampling frame to strategically select solo-living men and women from localities which maximise urban/rural comparison, following the SHS rural/urban classification (large urban areas, remote small towns, accessible rural and remote rural), and by gender. In-depth telephone interviews were carried out with 140 men and women. Of these, 35 took part in follow-up face-to- face interviews, mainly in their own home.

 Further information is available from the Rural and Urban Solo Living: Social integration, Quality of Life and Future Orientations ESRC Award web page.
Medical Image Retrieval using Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Creators: name: Qayyum, Adnan
name: Anwar, Syed Muhammad
name: Awais, Muhammad
name: Majid, Muhammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With a widespread use of digital imaging data in hospitals, the size of medical image repositories is increasing rapidly. This causes difficulty in managing and querying these large databases leading to the need of content based medical image retrieval (CBMIR) systems. A major challenge in CBMIR systems is the semantic gap that exists between the low level visual information captured by imaging devices and high level semantic information perceived by human. The efficacy of such systems is more crucial in terms of feature representations that can characterize the high-level information completely. In this paper, we propose a framework of deep learning for CBMIR system by using deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that is trained for classification of medical images. An intermodal dataset that contains twenty four classes and five modalities is used to train the network. The learned features and the classification results are used to retrieve medical images. For retrieval, best results are achieved when class based predictions are used. An average classification accuracy of 99.77% and a mean average precision of 0.69 is achieved for retrieval task. The proposed method is best suited to retrieve multimodal medical images for different body organs.
description: Submitted to Neurocomputing
FusionNet: A deep fully residual convolutional neural network for image segmentation in connectomics
Creators: name: Quan, Tran Minh
name: Hildebrand, David G. C.
name: Jeong, Won-Ki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electron microscopic connectomics is an ambitious research direction with the goal of studying comprehensive brain connectivity maps by using high-throughput, nano-scale microscopy. One of the main challenges in connectomics research is developing scalable image analysis algorithms that require minimal user intervention. Recently, deep learning has drawn much attention in computer vision because of its exceptional performance in image classification tasks. For this reason, its application to connectomic analyses holds great promise, as well. In this paper, we introduce a novel deep neural network architecture, FusionNet, for the automatic segmentation of neuronal structures in connectomics data. FusionNet leverages the latest advances in machine learning, such as semantic segmentation and residual neural networks, with the novel introduction of summation-based skip connections to allow a much deeper network architecture for a more accurate segmentation. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method by comparing it with state-of-the-art electron microscopy (EM) segmentation methods from the ISBI EM segmentation challenge. We also show the segmentation results on two different tasks including cell membrane and cell body segmentation and a statistical analysis of cell morphology.
Application Embedding: A Language Approach to Declarative Web Programming
Creators: name: Lorenz, David H.
name: Rosenan, Boaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since the early days of the Web, web application developers have aspired to develop much of their applications declaratively. However, one aspect of the application, namely its business-logic is constantly left imperative. In this work we present Application Embedding, a novel approach to application development which allows all aspects of an application, including its business-logic, to be programmed declaratively. We develop this approach in a two-step process. First, we draw a mapping between web applications and Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs). Second, we note that out of the two methods for implementing DSLs, namely as either internal or external, most traditional web applications correspond to external DSLs, while the the technique that corresponds to DSL embedding (implementing internal DSLs) is left mostly unexplored. By projecting the well-known technique of DSL embedding onto web applications, we derive a novel technique--Application Embedding. Application embedding offers a separation of code assets that encourages reuse of imperative code, while keeping all application-specific assets, including those specifying its business- logic, declarative. As validation, we implemented a simple, though nontrivial web application using the proposed separation of assets. This implementation includes an application-agnostic imperative host application named FishTank, intended to be applicable for a wide variety of web applications, and a declarative definition of the different aspects of the specific application, intended to be loaded on that host. Our method of separation of code assets facilitates a better separation of work, in comparison to traditional methods. By this separation, host application developers can focus mostly on the extra-functional aspects of a web application, namely on improving performance, scalability, and availability, while developers of an embedded application can focus on the functional aspects of their application, without worrying about extra- functional concerns. The reusability of the host application makes the effort put into a better implementation cost-effective, since it can benefit all applications built on top of it.
description: The Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Article 2
Municipal Innovations in Non-governmental Public Participation: United Kingdom and Latin America, 2006-2008
Creators: name: Pearce, J.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2012

description: This is a qualitative data collection.

 This research focused on municipal innovations in public policy making that have been notable in Latin America since the 1980s and the UK since the 1990s. The core research question was: what tensions, changes and outcomes arise when non-governmental actors begin to make use of these new opportunities for public participation at the local/municipal level?

 The research team explored this in six cities, three in Latin America (Porto Alegre, Medellin and Caracas) and three in the UK (Manchester, Bradford and Salford). A range of methodologies were used including an interactive rather than extractive research methodology which the researchers called 'co-producing knowledge', participant observation, in-depth interviews and informal group session inquiry methods.

 Users should note that only the in-depth interview transcripts are available as part of the data collection available from the UK Data Archive. This excludes the interview transcripts from Porto Alegre which were not deposited. The interviews from Medellin and Caracas are in Spanish. The case study of Salford was not funded by the ESRC but interview transcripts are available.

 Further information is available from the Municipal Innovations in Non-Governmental Public Participation: UK/Latin America ESRC Award webpage.
title:  Victims Confront Offenders: An Exploratory Study of Victim Satisfaction During Mediation
Creators: name: Walton, Krystal C.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2000

description:
The purpose of this study was to determine if age, race, and gender were related to victim satisfaction during mediation while controlling for the type of offense. Satisfaction with the mediator's attitude, the session itself, the mediator, and the outcome were assessed to measure the victim's level of satisfaction with the various components of the mediation process. Data was collected from questionnaires mailed to crime victims' who had completed the mediation process through the Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court in Norfolk, Virginia. This thesis looks at the relationship of age, race, and gender to victim satisfaction with mediation. Cross-tabulations were used to test for this relationship. This study's analysis suggests that in general, there were few significant relationships between satisfaction with outcome and victim satisfaction with the mediator's attitude. Only gender in theft cases and race in assault and battery cases were significant (p= .76) and (p= .082) respectively.

For the sake of argument, a cross-tabulations was run on how satisfied the victim was with the outcome of mediation and the fairness of restitution. This analysis was not significant with a p= .138.
Generation of micro-J pulses in the deep UV at MHz repetition rates
Creators: name: Köttig, F.
name: Tani, F.
name: Travers, J. C.
name: Russell, P. St. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although ultraviolet (UV) light is important in many areas of science and technology, there are very few if any lasers capable of delivering wavelength-tunable ultrashort UV pulses at MHz repetition rates. Here we report the generation of deep-UV laser pulses at MHz repetition rates and μJ-energies by means of dispersive wave (DW) emission from self-compressed solitons in gas-filled single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (SR-PCF). Pulses from an ytterbium fiber laser (~300 fs) are first compressed to ~25 fs in a SR-PCF-based nonlinear compression stage, and subsequently used to pump a second SR-PCF stage for broadband DW generation in the deep UV. The UV wavelength is tunable by selecting the gas species and the pressure. At 100 kHz repetition rate, a pulse energy of 1.05 μJ was obtained at 205 nm (average power 0.1 W), and at 1.92 MHz, a pulse energy of 0.54 μJ was obtained at 275 nm (average power 1.03 W).
Anisotropic carrier mobility of distorted Dirac cones: theory and application
Creators: name: Cheng, Ting
name: Lang, Haifeng
name: Li, Zhenzhu
name: Liu, Zhongfan
name: Liu, Zhirong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have theoretically investigated the intrinsic carrier mobility in semimetals with distorted Dirac cones under both longitudinal and transverse acoustic phonon scattering. An analytic formula for the carrier mobility was obtained. It shows that tilting significantly reduces the mobility. The theory was then applied to 8B-Pmmn borophene and borophane (fully hydrogenated borophene), both of which have tilted Dirac cones. The predicted carrier mobilities in 8B-Pmmn borophene at room temperature are both higher than that in graphene. For borophane, despite its superhigh Fermi velocity, the carrier mobility is lower than that in 8B-Pmmn owing to its smaller elastic constant under shear strain.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Cooperative photometric redshift estimation
Creators: name: Cavuoti, Stefano
name: Tortora, Crescenzo
name: Brescia, Massimo
name: Longo, Giuseppe
name: Radovich, Mario
name: Napolitano, Nicola R.
name: Amaro, Valeria
name: Vellucci, Civita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the modern galaxy surveys photometric redshifts play a central role in a broad range of studies, from gravitational lensing and dark matter distribution to galaxy evolution. Using a dataset of about 25,000 galaxies from the second data release of the Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS) we obtain photometric redshifts with five different methods: (i) Random forest, (ii) Multi Layer Perceptron with Quasi Newton Algorithm, (iii) Multi Layer Perceptron with an optimization network based on the Levenberg-Marquardt learning rule, (iv) the Bayesian Photometric Redshift model (or BPZ) and (v) a classical SED template fitting procedure (Le Phare). We show how SED fitting techniques could provide useful information on the galaxy spectral type which can be used to improve the capability of machine learning methods constraining systematic errors and reduce the occurrence of catastrophic outliers. We use such classification to train specialized regression estimators, by demonstrating that such hybrid approach, involving SED fitting and machine learning in a single collaborative framework, is capable to improve the overall prediction accuracy of photometric redshifts.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, IAU-325 symposium, Cambridge University press
Terahertz Harmonic Generation from Graphite Pencil Drawings
Creators: name: Arshad, Atiqa
name: Koyun, Hatice Nur
name: Salikhov, Ruslan
name: Gensch, Michael
name: Ilyakov, Igor
name: Ponomaryov, Alexey
name: Prajapati, Gulloo Lal
name: De Oliveira, Thales V. A. G.
name: Mavridou, Kalliopi
name: Lindner, Jürgen
name: Deinert, Jan-Christoph
name: Ünlü, Cumhur Gökhan
name: Kovalev, Sergey
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik
subject: Dirac materials
subject: graphite
subject: nonlinear terahertz optics
subject: Raman spectroscopy
subject: terahertz harmonic generation

description: The third harmonic generation (THG) of graphite layers on paper substrate upon excitation with intense (up to 100 kV cm−1) narrowband terahertz (THz) pulses is studied. Highest THG efficiencies are comparable with those of chemical vapor deposition-grown single-layer graphene. Samples are hand drawn, using commercially available pencils. The THG response shows high sensitivity regarding the hatching direction relative to the THz polarization orientation. Using Raman spectroscopy, the occurrence of graphene-like structures in the samples is confirmed. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of virtually no-cost and easy-to-fabricate materials for THz nonlinear optics.
Magnetic order and spin dynamics across a ferromagnetic quantum critical point: $μ$SR investigations of YbNi$_4$(P$_{1-x}$As$_x$)$_2$
Creators: name: Sarkar, R.
name: Spehling, J.
name: Materne, P.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Baines, C.
name: Brando, M.
name: Krellner, C.
name: Klauss, H. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the quasi-1D heavy-fermion system YbNi$_4$(P$_{1-x}$As$_x$)$_2$ the presence of a ferromagnetic (FM) quantum critical point (QCP) at $x_c$ $\approx 0.1$ with unconventional quantum critical exponents in the thermodynamic properties has been recently reported. Here, we present muon-spin relaxation ($μ$SR) experiments on polycrystals of this series to study the magnetic order and the low energy 4$f$-electronic spin dynamics across the FM QCP. The zero field $μ$SR measurements on pure YbNi$_4$(P$_{2}$ proved static long range magnetic order and suggested a strongly reduced ordered Yb moment of about 0.04$μ_B$. With increasing As substitution the ordered moment is reduced by half at $x = 0.04$ and to less than 0.005 $μ_B$ at $x=0.08$. The dynamic behavior in the $μ$SR response show that magnetism remains homogeneous upon As substitution, without evidence for disorder effect. In the paramagnetic state across the FM QCP the dynamic muon-spin relaxation rate follows 1/$T_{1}T\propto T^{-n}$ with $1.01 \pm 0.04 \leq n \leq 1.13 \pm 0.06$. The critical fluctuations are very slow and are even becoming slower when approaching the QCP.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Genetics, Genomics and Genetic Modification in Livestock Agriculture: Emerging Knowledge-Practices in Making and Managing Farm Livestock, 2007-2010
Creators: name: Gibbs, D.
name: Dupre, J.
name: Morris, C.
name: Holloway, L.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2014

description: This is a qualitative data collection. This research aimed to examine how beef cattle and sheep breeding practices are changing as genetic and genomic techniques become more prevalent in the livestock sector. It examined: the relationships between genetic and 'traditional' breeding techniques, changes in breeder identities and human-animal relationships associated with genetic techniques, and changes to the institutional structures related to livestock breeding. A qualitative methodology involved in-depth interviews with breed society representatives, pedigree and commercial cattle and sheep breeders, and institutional representatives. The project also established an expert Consultation Panel.
The Great Pretenders Among the ULX Class
Creators: name: Christodoulou, D. M.
name: Laycock, S. G. T.
name: Kazanas, D.
name: Cappallo, R.
name: Contopoulos, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discoveries of pulsed X-ray emission from three ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) sources have finally enabled us to recognize a subclass within the ULX class: the great pretenders, neutron stars (NSs) that appear to emit X-ray radiation at isotropic luminosities $L_X = 7\times 10^{39}$~erg~s$^{-1}-1\times 10^{41}$~erg~s$^{-1}$ only because their emissions are strongly beamed toward our direction and our sight lines are offset by only a few degrees from their magnetic-dipole axes. The three known pretenders appear to be stronger emitters than the presumed black holes of the ULX class, such as Holmberg II \& IX X-1, IC10 X-1, and NGC300 X-1. For these three NSs, we have adopted a single reasonable assumption, that their brightest observed outbursts unfold at the Eddington rate, and we have calculated both their propeller states and their surface magnetic-field magnitudes. We find that the results are not at all different from those recently obtained for the Magellanic Be/X-ray pulsars: the three NSs reveal modest magnetic fields of about 0.3-0.4~TG and beamed propeller-line X-ray luminosities of $\sim 10^{36-37}$~erg~s$^{-1}$, substantially below the Eddington limit.
description: To appear in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Paperwork and Pressure in Educational Workplaces, 2007-2008
Creators: name: Tusting, K.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2013

description: This is a qualitative data collection. This project explored the impact of paperwork demands on people’s experiences in two contrasting educational workplaces. It focused on two case study sites: an Adult Education College, and an Early Years Education Centre. The broad aim of the project was to understand more about how changing textual processes are transforming the nature and experience of work in contemporary society. Its more specific objectives were:
to document the literacy practices of workers in contrasting educational environments, focusing particularly on paperwork perceived as being generated by external demands

to develop understandings of the effects of these demands on workers’ experiences, identities and social practices in the workplace, from their perspectives

to develop understandings of how these demands have changed in recent years, and the impact of these developments
These questions were explored through interviewing people about their workplace practices, observing them in the workplace and making detailed fieldnotes, and asking people to keep logs of the paperwork they encountered over a one week period.

 Further information about the project and links to publications are available on the ESRC Paperwork and pressure in educational workplaces: the textual mediation of target culture award webpage and the University of Lancaster <a class="external" href="http://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/projects/paperwork-and-pressure-in-educational-workplaces(baf195e0-d88b-45a8-ae87-ccbe3263c280).html" title="Paperwork and pressure in educational workplaces">Paperwork and pressure in educational workplaces project webpage.
Carbon Monoxide Affecting Planetary Atmospheric Chemistry
Creators: name: He, Chao
name: Horst, Sarah M.
name: Riemer, Sydney
name: Sebree, Joshua A.
name: Pauley, Nicholas
name: Vuitton, Veronique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CO is an important component in many N2/CH4 atmospheres including Titan, Triton, and Pluto, and has also been detected in the atmosphere of a number of exoplanets. Numerous experimental simulations have been carried out in the laboratory to understand the chemistry in N2/CH4 atmospheres, but very few simulations have included CO in the initial gas mixtures. The effect of CO on the chemistry occurring in these atmospheres is still poorly understood. We have investigated the effect of CO on both gas and solid phase chemistry in a series of planetary atmosphere simulation experiments using gas mixtures of CO, CH4, and N2 with a range of CO mixing ratios from 0.05% to 5% at low temperature (~100 K). We find that CO affects the gas phase chemistry, the density, and the composition of the solids. Specifically, with the increase of CO in the initial gases, there is less H2 but more H2O, HCN, C2H5N/HCNO and CO2 produced in the gas phase, while the density, oxygen content, and degree of unsaturation of the solids increase. The results indicate that CO has an important impact on the chemistry occurring in our experiments and accordingly in planetary atmospheres.
description: 5 figures. Accepted in Astrophysical Journal Letters
Producers’ Net Costs Influence Offers to USDA’s Conservation Reserve Program
Creators: name: Pratt, Bryan
name: Wallander, Steven
name: Pratt, Bryan
name: Wallander, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Industrial Organization
Land Economics/Use
Production Economics
Productivity Analysis

description: The USDA’s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is one of the largest and longest-running programs to provide payments for environmental services. Owners of environmentally sensitive cropland who enroll in the program agree to remove the land from crop production and maintain approved conservation cover for the term of the CRP contract, which can be 10 to 15 years. Most land is enrolled in CRP through the General Signup, a national competitive process that operates much like a reverse auction. Producers offer to establish a specific conservation cover practice on their fields in return for a rental rate set by USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA). FSA offers to reimburse half the cost of establishing conservation covers for enrolled land in addition to making annual rental payments.
Young Women, Agency and Intimacy in Sexual Relationships, 2008
Creators: name: Maxwell, C.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2013

description: This study explored the experiences of young women attending a fee-paying school, to examine how we might understand agentic practice within their intimate and sexual relationships. Following a period of participant observation at the school, five focus group discussions were facilitated with young women in the Sixth Form. Fifty-four young women took part in these, discussing how it felt to be a young woman today, their experiences of attending school, and providing their responses to a series of quotes from previous research on young women’s experiences of sexuality and intimate relationships. All young women from the Sixth Form were then invited to take part in an in-depth interview with the lead researcher. Thirty-one young women agreed to participate, and shared positive and negative experiences from their own sexual and intimate relationships.
Same-Sex Couples and the Impact of Legislative Changes, 2007-2009
Creators: name: O'Connor, W.
name: Mitchell, M.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2013

description: This qualitative study used 47 Semi-structured interviews to explore the impact of legislative changes, including the Civil Partnership Act (2004), the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations (2003) and the Adoption and Children Act (2002) on the lives of same-sex couples. Key objectives were to explore (a) how effective the legislation was perceived to have been in terms of increasing the sense of social inclusion amongst same-sex couples and reducing discrimination; (b) the views of same-sex couples about the involvement of the state in defining their relationship since the implementation of the legislation. Participants were purposively selected in order to create a diverse sample according to partnership status or intentions in relation to civil partnership; gender; age; parental status; ethnicity; socio-economic status; and geographical location. All those included had at least two years’ experience of being a couple in order to ensure that discussion of circumstances and commitment could facilitate consideration of the legal recognition of the relationship or other family commitments. Fieldwork was conducted between June 2007 and January 2008. Verbatim interview data was comprehensively and systematically analysed using the computer-aided qualitative package FrameWork which uses a matrix based format to allow for the thematic and case based interpretation of data. The research showed that the legislation had a number of positive impacts around improving a sense of social inclusion and reducing discrimination but that the legislation also posed a threat to some participants’ sense of social inclusion. Views of couples towards state involvement in their lives differed according to whether they viewed themselves as different and distinctive from traditional heterosexual couples. Views varied between civil partnership as: an imposition and regulation; ambivalence and trying to make the legislation work personally within a broad legal framework; welcome of Civil Partnership for its equation with traditional marriage.
British Migrants in Spain: the Extent and Nature of Social Integration, 2003-2005: Teaching Data
Creators: name: Haynes, J.
Publisher: name: O'Reilly, K., University of Aberdeen, Department of Sociology
Year: 2012

description: This is a qualitative teaching data collection.

 Dr Jo Haynes (Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Bristol) has been using numerous data collections from ESDS Qualidata to support her teaching of qualitative research methods for several years. A key motivation was her desire to provide students with data, enabling more teaching time to focus on developing skills in data analysis. SN 5271 has been used in this way. This collection represents the subset of interviews specifically selected for teaching purposes.

 The British Migrants in Spain: the Extent and Nature of Social Integration, 2003-2005: Teaching Data study is based on British Migrants in Spain: the Extent and Nature of Social Integration, 2003-2005 (available under SN 5271). The teaching data collection is a subset of the interviews in SN 5271 and was created for learning and teaching purposes.

 The interviews comprising the teaching data collection were selected based on criteria such as the data quality and the ability to divide the data collection into subsamples of a manageable size (e.g. by participant characteristics, geography, or other features) for student projects. Characteristics used to define this subset were gender and employment status (retired, self-employed and employee).

 Students were then asked to write 4,000 word reports based on their analyses of these subsamples. Dr Haynes believes that the key benefits of re-using data for students are the opportunities to evaluate critically the design, execution and conclusions of the original study and to practice developing their own new rationales for reinterpreting data. Her presentation included in the user guide, entitled The Use of Qualidata Datasets in PG Unit, contains more examples of data used, details on how to use the materials for teaching, and examples of original research questions paired with students' new research questions.

 Further information is available in the study documentation (below) which includes the original data collection user guide and additional notes for teachers.
Consumption, Lifestyle and Identity: Reading the New Men's Lifestyle Magazines, 1985-1997: Teaching Data
Creators: name: Haynes, J.
Publisher: name: Jackson, P., University of Sheffield, Department of Geography
Year: 2012

description: This is a qualitative teaching data collection.

 Jo Haynes (Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Bristol) has been using numerous data collections from ESDS Qualidata to support her teaching of qualitative research methods for several years. A key motivation was her desire to provide students with data, enabling more teaching time to focus on developing skills in data analysis.

 The Consumption, Lifestyle and Identity, Reading the New Men's Lifestyle Magazines, 1985-1997: Teaching Data study is based on Consumption, Lifestyle and Identity, Reading the New Men's Lifestyle Magazines, 1985-1997 (available under SN 4543). The teaching data collection is a subset of the interviews and focus group interviews in SN 4543 that were selected for learning and teaching purposes.

 The interviews comprising the teaching data collection were selected based on criteria such as the data quality and the ability to divide the data collection into subsamples of a manageable size (e.g. by participant characteristics, geography, or other features) for student projects. Characteristics used to define this subset also included the type of data collection (interview or focus group) and the different type of consumers (lecturers, unemployed, men’s clothes shop assistants; professionals and musicians/artists) of men’s magazine or the individual editors (4 males and 1 female).

 Students were then asked to write 4,000 word reports based on their analyses of these subsamples. Haynes believes that the key benefits for students of re-using data are the opportunities to evaluate critically the design, execution and conclusions of the original study and to practice developing their own new rationales for reinterpreting data. Her presentation, entitled The Use of Qualidata Datasets in PG Unit, contains more examples of data used, details on how to use the materials for teaching, and examples of original research questions paired with students' new research questions.

 Further information is available in the study documentation (below) which includes the original data collection user guide and additional notes for teachers.