cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multifractally-enhanced superconductivity in thin films
Creators: name: Burmistrov, I. S.
name: Gornyi, I. V.
name: Mirlin, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multifractal superconducting state originates from the interplay of Anderson localization and interaction effects. In this article we overview the recent theory of the superconductivity enhancement by multifractality and extend it to describe the spectral properties of superconductors on the scales of the order of the superconducting gap. Specifically, using the approach based on renormalization group within the nonlinear sigma model, we develop the theory of a multifractal superconducting state in thin films. We derive a modified Usadel equation that incorporates the interplay of disorder and interactions at energy scales larger than the spectral gap and study the effect of such an interplay on the low-energy physics. We determine the spectral gap at zero temperature which occurs to be proportional to the multifracally enhanced superconducting transition temperature. The modified Usadel equation results in the disorder-averaged density of states that, near the spectral gap, resembles the one obtained in the model of a spatially random superconducting order parameter. We reveal strong mesoscopic fluctuations of the local density of states in the superconducting state. Such strong mesoscopic fluctuations imply that the interval of energies in which the superconducting gap establishes is parametrically large in systems with multifractally-enhanced superconductivity.
description: 30 pages, 3 figures, accepted to Localisation 2020 volume of Annals of Physics
Diagnosis and treatment of bubbles in glass production using a numerical Simulator
Creators: name: Kawachi, Shinji
name: Iwatsubo, Yoshio
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Α methodology to evaluate the bubble removing Performance of a tank furnace was proposed in previous papers. Since the operating data of the furnace being used for actual production can be udlized to examine the effectiveness of the above proposal, this paper deals with the verification issue when this methodology is applied to a real furnace. Additionally, various indirect indices, which have been advocated to evaluate the bubble removing Performance, are compared with the proposed direct Simulation. The results show that the phenomena experienced in the factory can be clearly explained and the direct Simulation has been proved to be very useful to diagnose and to treat bubbles during actual producdon.
Highway Safety Research, Development, and Technology Transfer
Creators: name: Deacon, John A.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Late in 1987, the Federal Highway Administration assembled a seven-member panel which, guided by a primary contractor, Harrison Boyd & Associates, was charged with the task of developing a recommended five-year research, development, and technology transfer program for highway safety starting in the 1990s. As a part of the task, each panel member prepared an individual position paper to stimulate and focus panel discussions and, ultimately, to provide the basis for a consensus paper. This represents one such individual paper.  Although it is believed that significant safety gains can be achieved in the 1990s and beyond simply by more extensive implementation of known and proven crash countermeasures, this position paper focuses on research activity, the generation or extension of information related to the enhancement of road safety. Quantum improvement in road safety as a result of highly focused new research appears unlikely. Accordingly, in the quest to achieve significant additional gains, the recommended approach tackles the road safety problem on a broad front, examining a wide variety of factors contributing to travel hazard and building incrementally on existing knowledge. Furthermore, emphasis has been placed on activities likely to yield results that, if implemented, could be expected to generate short-term gains, perhaps within a period as short as five or fewer years.  Certainly no claim can ever be made that a specific research program will generate knowledge adequate to sustain high levels of travel safety over long periods of time. The recommended five-year research program is simply an immediate, short-term phase of a continuing process that seeks to retain or enhance a high level of personal safety in face of endless changes in human activity patterns and the highway systems built to accommodate them.
Thermodynamic calculations of chemical solubilities of gases in oxide melts and glasses
Creators: name: Pelton, Arthur D.
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 660

description: The Reddy-Blander thermodynamic model for calculating sulfide solubilities in oxide melts and glasses has been modified and extended to predict a priori solubilities of sulfide, sulfate, phosphate, carbonate and halides in multicomponent oxide melts and glasses, from a knowledge of the thermodynamic activities of the basic component oxides (SiO₂, Na₂O, K₂O, CaO, etc.), in most cases with no adjustable parameters. Agreement with measured solubilities is within or nearly within experimental uncertainties over wide ranges of composition in two-, three-, four- and five-component melts and glasses. Particularly good agreement is obtained for the dissolution of sulfur, SO₂ and SO₃ as sulfate. The oxide activities used in the computations are calculated from a database of model parameters obtained by optimizing thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data for oxide Systems. Sulfide, sulfate, phosphate, carbonate and halides as solutes have now been included in this database. Software for Gibbs energy minimization with automatic access to this and other databases permits the calculation of solubilides in multicomponent oxide melts and glasses in equilibrium with other phases such as gases, molten salts, solids and metals, and can be useful to model evaporation processes and bubble formation.
Semiclassical expansion of quantum characteristics for many-body potential scattering problem
Creators: name: Krivoruchenko, M. I.
name: Fuchs, C.
name: Faessler, Amand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In quantum mechanics, systems can be described in phase space in terms of the Wigner function and the star-product operation. Quantum characteristics, which appear in the Heisenberg picture as the Weyl's symbols of operators of canonical coordinates and momenta, can be used to solve the evolution equations for symbols of other operators acting in the Hilbert space. To any fixed order in the Planck's constant, many-body potential scattering problem simplifies to a statistical-mechanical problem of computing an ensemble of quantum characteristics and their derivatives with respect to the initial canonical coordinates and momenta. The reduction to a system of ordinary differential equations pertains rigorously at any fixed order in $\hbar$. We present semiclassical expansion of quantum characteristics for many-body scattering problem and provide tools for calculation of average values of time-dependent physical observables and cross sections. The method of quantum characteristics admits the consistent incorporation of specific quantum effects, such as non-locality and coherence in propagation of particles, into the semiclassical transport models. We formulate the principle of stationary action for quantum Hamilton's equations and give quantum-mechanical extensions of the Liouville theorem on the conservation of phase-space volume and the Poincaré theorem on the conservation of $2p$ forms. The lowest order quantum corrections to the Kepler periodic orbits are constructed. These corrections show the resonance behavior.
description: 24 pages REVTeX, 3 eps figures, replaced with extended version, accepted for publication to Annalen der Physik
LSTM for Model-Based Anomaly Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems
Creators: name: Eiteneuer, Benedikt
name: Niggemann, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anomaly detection is the task of detecting data which differs from the normal behaviour of a system in a given context. In order to approach this problem, data-driven models can be learned to predict current or future observations. Oftentimes, anomalous behaviour depends on the internal dynamics of the system and looks normal in a static context. To address this problem, the model should also operate depending on state. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks have been shown to be particularly useful to learn time sequences with varying length of temporal dependencies and are therefore an interesting general purpose approach to learn the behaviour of arbitrarily complex Cyber-Physical Systems. In order to perform anomaly detection, we slightly modify the standard norm 2 error to incorporate an estimate of model uncertainty. We analyse the approach on artificial and real data.
Laboratory Evaluation of Edge Drains
Creators: name: Fleckenstein, L. John
name: Allen, David L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report documents laboratory test results performed on four brands of highway edge drains. The four brands included in this study are Hydraway (by Monsanto), Akwadrain (by International Construction Equipment, Inc.), Advantage (by Advanced Drainage Systems), and PDS 40 (by Pro Drain Systems).
Memory in Self Organized Criticality
Creators: name: Lippiello, Eugenio
name: de Arcangelis, Lucilla
name: Godano, Cataldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many natural phenomena exhibit power law behaviour in the distribution of event size. This scaling is successfully reproduced by Self Organized Criticality (SOC). On the other hand, temporal occurrence in SOC models has a Poisson-like statistics, i.e. exponential behaviour in the inter-event time distribution, in contrast with experimental observations. We present a SOC model with memory: events are nucleated not only as a consequence of the instantaneous value of the local field with respect to the firing threshold, but on the basis of the whole history of the system. The model is able to reproduce the complex behaviour of inter-event time distribution, in excellent agreement with experimental seismic data.
Analysis of as-prepared and corroded glass fibers by secondary neutral mass spectrometry
Creators: name: Müller-Fildebrandt, Constanze
name: Priller, Stefan
name: Frischat, Günther Heinz
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Three types of glass fibers, differing mainly in their alumina, alkaline earth and alkali oxide contents, were investigated by secondary neutral mass spectrometry. The investigation was carried out on fibers as-prepared and after exposure to humidity and to attack in distilled water. Concentration-depth profiles of the fibers obtained by secondary neutral mass spectrometry showed that the asprepared fibers were already pre-experimentally weathered in a ≤50nm deep surface zone. The pattern of chemical change and leaching was found for each fiber to be similar after exposure to humidity and short-term attack by water, respectively, however with enhanced leaching observed in water, where the leached elements are removed from the fiber surfaces. Different leach mechanisms could be established for the different fiber types and changes of leach mechanisms with time could be observed. Altogether, the depth profiling method proved to be a powerful tool to elucidate the comphcated leach mechanisms also in the case of glass fibers.
The firing of enamels onto borosilicate glass through the selective absorption of infrared radiation
Creators: name: Lochner, Karl Heinz
name: Böhm, Thure
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Gradations and other markings on laboratory glassware are made mainly with glass enamels. Firing temperatures of around 600 °C (i.e. 70 to 80 Κ above the transformation temperature of the glass) are needed in order to reach sufficient chemical and mechanical resistance. This can lead to alterations in the volume of the flasks. Due to the uneven temperature distribution in continuous or batch furnaces some flasks may undergo a volume change that is greater than the accepted margin of error of the calibration. The aim of this study was to find a firing process for glass enamels that ensures the same chemical resistance as the furnace firing but without the risk of changing the volume. This was obtained by a combination of conventional heating by a hot-air blower and selective heating by absorption of infrared radiation. Α halogen lamp and an Nd-YAG laser were used as infra-red sources. The use of the laser clearly showed better results. By firing-on blue lead-enamel with a laser a chemical and mechanical resistance comparable to that of furnace firing was achieved without altering the volume of the measuring Container.
On the cross-section peaks for a heavy quark bound state
Creators: name: Fabiano, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the values of resonance peaks of the cross-section of a heavy quark bound state obtained by means of a Green function method applied to a Coulombic model and compare the result to the Upsilon and J/psi data.
description: 8 pages, latex2e. Accepted for publication in EPJC. Revised version has an added paragraph about J/psi
Search for Lepton Flavor Violation in the Decay tau -> electron gamma
Creators: name: Aubert, B.
name: Collaboration, BABAR
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the non-conservation of lepton flavor in the decay tau -> electron gamma has been performed with 2.07 x 10^8 e+e- -> tau+ tau- events collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring at a center-of-mass energy near 10.58 GeV. We find no evidence for a signal and set an upper limit on the branching ratio of BR(tau -> electron gamma) < 1.1 x 10^-7 at 90% confidence level.
description: 7 pages, 3 encapsulated postscript figures, submitted to PRL
Remarks on nuclear matter: how an $ω_0$ condensate can spike the speed of sound, and a model of $Z(3)$ baryons
Creators: name: Pisarski, Robert D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I make two comments about nuclear matter. First, I consider the effects of a coupling between the $O(4)$ chiral field, $\vecϕ$, and the $ω_μ$ meson, $\sim + \, ω_μ^2 \, \vecϕ^{\, 2}$; for any net baryon density, a condensate for $ω_0$ is unavoidably generated. I assume that with increasing density, a decrease of the chiral condensate and the effective $ω_0$ mass gives a stiff equation of state (EoS). In order to match that onto a soft EoS for quarkyonic matter, I consider an $O(N)$ field at large $N$, where at nonzero temperature quantum fluctuations disorder any putative pion "condensate" into a quantum pion liquid (Q$π$L) (arXiv:2005.10259). In this paper I show that the Q$π$L persists at zero temperature. If valid qualitatively at $N=4$, the $ω_0$ mass goes up sharply and suppresses the $ω_0$ condensate. This could generate a spike in the speed of sound at high density, which is of relevance to neutron stars. Second, I propose a toy model of a $Z(3)$ gauge theory with three flavors of fermions, where $Z(3)$ vortices confine fermions into baryons. In $1+1$ dimensions this model can be studied numerically with present techniques, using either classical or quantum computers.
description: Slightly expanded from published version
Thermodynamics of the redox reactions between the oxygen and the oxides of the polyvalent elements in glass melts
Creators: name: Buhler, Peter
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 660

description: The redox reaetions (RR) in glass melts, containing oxides of different polyvalent elements are analysed. In the following oxides of polyvalent elements are considered and not the corresponding ions as reaction partners of the type: xRed + zO₂ = yOx, where Red and Ox are the oxides. The enthalpies is ΔHt of these RR are defmed using experimental data for various RR on the basis of thermodynamic equations and compared with the appropriate Standard enthalpies ΔH⁰t. The ratio x_(οx)/x_(Red) is analysed as a function of the sum ( x_(ox) + x_(Red)), where x_(ox) and x_(Red) are the mole fractions of the oxides Ox and Red. The obtained equation is compared with the experimental data available for the iron oxides.
Dielectric relaxation in chevron surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals
Creators: name: Jezewski, W.
name: Kuczynski, W.
name: Hoffmann, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dielectric response of surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals with chevron layer structure is studied within low and intermediate frequency ranges, characteristic for collective molecular excitations. By analytically solving the dynamic equation for collective molecular fluctuations under a weak alternating electric field, it is demonstrated that chevron cells stabilized by both nonpolar and polar surface interactions undergo at medium frequencies two Debye relaxation processes, connected with two chevron slabs, on opposite sides of the interface plane. This result is confirmed, experimentally, making use of the electro-optic technique. Based on qualitative arguments supported by microscopic observations of zigzag defects at different frequencies and amplitudes of the external electric field, it is shown that, at low frequencies, the electro-optic response of chevron samples is determined by three kinds of motions of zigzag walls. The first two dynamic categories are related to collective relaxation processes at weak fields, within smectic A layers forming zigzag walls, and drift or creep motions of thick walls occuring at stronger field amplitudes. Dynamic processes of the third kind correspond to sliding of zigzag walls, which appear at yet stronger field amplitudes, but below the switching threshold.
description: 9 pages 10 figures
Comparison of the diffusion approximation and the discrete ordinates method for the investigation of heat transfer in glass
Creators: name: Lee, Kong Hoon
name: Viskanta, Raymond
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Heat transfer by combined conduction and radiadon has been investigated in a one-dimensional glass layer. The layer is semitransparent to radiadon and the dependence of the absorption coefficient on wavelength is accounted for. The discrete ordinates method and the diffusion approximation are used to analyze radiative transfer. The differencing scheme for the discrete ordinates method has been investigated to obtain the constant total heat flux distribution across the glass layer as required by the energy conservation equation, and the best uniformity is obtained with the diamond scheme. The results predicted by the discrete ordinates method are in good agreement with those based on the exact (integral) equation formulation of radiative transfer. The diffusion approximation greatly underpredicts the temperature and heat flux distributions in the glass layer when the thickness or the opacity of the layer is small. The predictions of the diffusion approximation are only reasonable for thick glass layers. This approximation should be used with extreme caution to obtain quantitatively accurate results.
The Yablonskii - Vorob'ev polynomials for the second Painlev'e hierarchy
Creators: name: Demina, Maria V.
name: Kudryashov, Nikolai A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Special polynomials associated with rational solutions of the second Painlev'e equation and other equations of its hierarchy are studied. A new method, which allows one to construct each family of polynomials is presented. The structure of the polynomials is established. Formulaes for their coefficients are found. The degree of every polynomial is obtained. The main achievement of the method lies in the fact that it enables one to construct the family of polynomials corresponding to any member of the second Painlev'e hierarchy. Our approach can be applied for deriving the polynomials related to rational or algebraic solutions of other nonlinear differential equations.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures
Dirac quantization of free motion on curved surfaces
Creators: name: Golovnev, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give an explicit operator realization of Dirac quantization of free particle motion on a surface of codimension 1. It is shown that the Dirac recipe is ambiguous and a natural way of fixing this problem is proposed. We also introduce a modification of Dirac procedure which yields zero quantum potential. Some problems of abelian conversion quantization are pointed out.
description: 16 pages
The Manifold Of Variations: hazard assessment for short-term impactors
Creators: name: Del Vigna, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When an asteroid has a few observations over a short time span the information contained in the observational arc could be so little that a full orbit determination may be not possible. One of the methods developed in recent years to overcome this problem is based on the systematic ranging and combined with the Admissible Region theory to constrain the poorly-determined topocentric range and range-rate. The result is a set of orbits compatible with the observations, the Manifold Of Variations, a 2-dimensional compact manifold parametrized over the Admissible Region. Such a set of orbits represents the asteroid confidence region and is used for short-term hazard predictions. In this paper we review the Manifold Of Variations method and make a detailed analysis of the related probabilistic formalism.
Comparative studies of the corrosion and long-term stability of vitrified e-filter dust from waste incinerators, granules from hightemperature waste incineration plants and a model glass
Creators: name: Menzler, Norbert H.
name: Mörtel, Heinrich
name: Weißmann, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 660

description: The objective of this study was to describe the corrosion behaviour of vitrified residues of municipal waste incinerators by using standardized short-term and long-term leaching and corrosion test methods. The results for the vitrified product were compared to the results for granules from high-temperature waste incineration plants and a model glass. The test methods used in this work are, on the one hand, a German and a Swiss test [1 and 2] to describe the possibility for the disposal of waste and, on the other hand, test methods [3 and 4] to characterize the corrosion behaviour of glass products. The results according to the different methods and their changing test parameters like temperature, corrosion time and leaching Solution are presented.
Altner, Günter (Hrsg.), Ökologische Theologie
Creators: name: Zilleßen, Horst
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 39 Nr. 2 (1990): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 39, Heft 2
Maximum a posteriori signal recovery for optical coherence tomography angiography image generation and denoising
Creators: name: Husvogt, Lennart
name: Ploner, Stefan B.
name: Chen, Siyu
name: Stromer, Daniel
name: Schottenhamml, Julia
name: Alibhai, A. Yasin
name: Moult, Eric
name: Waheed, Nadia K.
name: Fujimoto, James G.
name: Maier, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a novel and clinically promising imaging modality to image retinal and sub-retinal vasculature. Based on repeated optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans, intensity changes are observed over time and used to compute OCTA image data. OCTA data are prone to noise and artifacts caused by variations in flow speed and patient movement. We propose a novel iterative maximum a posteriori signal recovery algorithm in order to generate OCTA volumes with reduced noise and increased image quality. This algorithm is based on previous work on probabilistic OCTA signal models and maximum likelihood estimates. Reconstruction results using total variation minimization and wavelet shrinkage for regularization were compared against an OCTA ground truth volume, merged from six co-registered single OCTA volumes. The results show a significant improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity. The presented algorithm brings together OCTA image generation and Bayesian statistics and can be developed into new OCTA image generation and denoising algorithms.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Biomedical Optics Express
Radiation enhancement and radiation suppression by a left-handed metamaterial
Creators: name: Boardman, A. D.
name: Marinov, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The perfect lens property of a dispersive and lossy left-handed metamaterial (LHM) disk is exploited to superimpose a source of electromagnetic radiation onto its mirror image, formed as a result of reflection from a perfect electric conductor (PEC) or a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC). The superposition of a vertical wire-dipole antenna with its PEC-image results in an increase of the radiation resistance of the antenna compared to that of an antenna emitting in free space. On the other hand, if the same antenna is coupled to a PMC-image it is shown that the result is the formation of a non-radiating configuration. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis is performed and this allows a detailed characterization of the systems. It is shown that the non-radiating system allows relatively large amounts of electromagnetic energy to be stored in the LHM-disk and that is indicative of strong electromagnetic fields inside the material. This property is employed in a second-harmonic generation (SHG) process and the potential of a non-radiating configuration as an efficient nonlinear device is demonstrated.
description: 19 pages, 6 Figures. Accepted for publication in Microwave and Optical Technology Letters
Kinetics of perlite glasses degassing: TG and DSC analysis
Creators: name: Bagdassarov, Nikolai
name: Ritter, Franz
name: Yanev, Yotzo
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Kinetics of dehydration is one of the important characteristics of natural water-bearing glasses. This study deals with the simultaneous TGA/DSC of perlites. The dehydration profiling of natural perlite samples from Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) and a pitchstone from the Eastern Transbaikal region (Russia) has been obtained by the use of a thermal balance. Initial water content in samples varied between 4.0 to 6.5 wt% H₂O. In pitchstone TG and DTG signals indicate two degassing maxima at temperatures of 220 and 290 °C. The peaks in the DTG signal mimic those in DSC signal. Perlitic water is driven out smoothly under heating over a wide ränge of temperatures from 140 to 700°C up to the glass transition temperature (Tg). The glass transition temperature has been determined independently from viscosity measurement using a micropenetration method. In slowly cooled perlites DTG and DSC Signals have one distinct peak which extends from 140 up to 800 to 850 °C. In fast cooled perlites DTG and DSC signals often exhibit two distinct peaks at around 200 to 450 and 600 to 700 °C. The temperature ränge of DTG and DSC peaks is wider than in slowly cooled perlites. The enthalpy effect of perlite glass dehydration at 200 to 300 °C has the enthalpy value of 55 to 75 kJ/mol, which is much larger than the enthalpy value (30 to 25 kJ/mol) of water evaporation at these temperatures. The additional thermal effect of periite dehydration may be associated with the water desorption reaction and water vapour expansion in microcracks.
Second-order gravitational self-force in a highly regular gauge
Creators: name: Upton, Samuel D.
name: Pound, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) will be key sources for LISA. However, accurately extracting system parameters from a detected EMRI waveform will require self-force calculations at second order in perturbation theory, which are still in a nascent stage. One major obstacle in these calculations is the strong divergences that are encountered on the worldline of the small object. Previously, it was shown by one of us [Phys. Rev. D 95, 104056 (2017)] that a class of "highly regular" gauges exist in which the singularities have a qualitatively milder form, promising to enable more efficient numerical calculations. Here we derive expressions for the metric perturbation in this class of gauges, in a local expansion in powers of distance $r$ from the worldline, to sufficient order in $r$ for numerical implementation in a puncture scheme. Additionally, we use the highly regular class to rigorously derive a distributional source for the second-order field and a pointlike second-order stress-energy tensor (the Detweiler stress-energy) for the small object. This makes it possible to calculate the second-order self-force using mode-sum regularisation rather than the more cumbersome puncture schemes that have been necessary previously. Although motivated by EMRIs, our calculations are valid in an arbitrary vacuum background, and they may help clarify the interpretation of point masses and skeleton sources in general relativity more broadly.
description: 35 pages. Version to appear in PRD
Shear Strength of Compacted Shales
Creators: name: Hopkins, Tommy C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Some basic physical and engineering properties of a broad range of different types of shales located in Kentucky are examined. Physical testing included liquid limit, plastic limit, specific gravity, particle-size analysis, natural water content, and jar-slake determinations. These tests were performed on some forty different types of shales selected from various geological formations of different periods. Geological periods included Recent, Cretaceous, Tertiary, Pennsylvanian Mississippian, Silurian, Ordovician, and Devonian. Engineering tests included slake-durability, bearing ratio, consolidated-undrained triaxial compression tests with pore-pressue measurements, moisture-density relationships, well deflection and pressure, mineralogy, and Shore sclorescope. Ten different slake-durability testing procedures, including the original procedure proposed by Franklin and Chandra, are examined in detail. A new slake-durability testing procedure and the procedure proposed by Franklin and Chandra are examined in detail. A new slake-durability, testing procedure is recommended, although the "standard" (a modified form suggested by Gamble) procedure was found to be satisfactory for identifying important properties of Kentucky shales. Bearing ratios were determined on soaked and unsoaked compacted specimens of fourteen different types of shales. Nine types of shales were selected for triaxial tests. The triaxial tests were performed on specimens remolded to conform to standard, modified, and low-energy compaction. Values of φʹ and ϛʹ defined by the peak values of (σʹ1 — σʹ3) were usually lower and high, respectively, than values defined by the peak values of (σʹ1 / σʹ3). Frequently, it is not clear which set of φʹ and ϛʹ values should be used when analyzing the stability of compacted shale embankment slopes. It is recommended that both sets of parameters be used in stability analyses to determine which is the most conservative. The natural water content of an unweathered shale was a good predictor important engineering properties. This simple inexpensive test was correlated with bearing ratio (CBR), clay content, and the effective stress parameter φʹ. Correlations were developed between the ration H10 of the slake-durability index and the percent finer than the 0.002 mm and φʹ. Also, H10 is correlated with bearing ratio. A method is presented for predicting the effective street parameter ϛʹ using the molding water content and the parameter H10. Preliminary results from three shale test embankments compacted according to a special provision are presented. The intermediate and soil-like shales of the embankments were compacted with heavy compactors. Finally, an empirical method, based on long-term measurements of settlement, for predicting shale embankment settlement is proposed and compared to other settlement criteria.
Measurement of Beauty Production at HERA Using Events with Muons and Jets
Creators: name: H1 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of the beauty production cross section in ep collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 319 GeV is presented. The data were collected with the H1 detector at the HERA collider in the years 1999-2000. Events are selected by requiring the presence of jets and muons in the final state. Both the long lifetime and the large mass of b-flavoured hadrons are exploited to identify events containing beauty quarks. Differential cross sections are measured in photoproduction, with photon virtualities Q^2 < 1 GeV^2, and in deep inelastic scattering, where 2 < Q^2 < 100 GeV^2. The results are compared with perturbative QCD calculations to leading and next-to-leading order. The predictions are found to be somewhat lower than the data.
description: 33 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables
Refining thick subcategory theorems
Creators: name: Chebolu, Sunil K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P42, 18E30, 19F30

description: We use a $K$-theory recipe of Thomason to obtain classifications of triangulated subcategories via refining some standard thick subcategory theorems. We apply this recipe to the full subcategories of finite objects in the derived categories of rings and the stable homotopy category of spectra. This gives, in the derived categories, a complete classification of the triangulated subcategories of perfect complexes over some commutative rings. In the stable homotoy category of spectra we obtain only a partial classification of the triangulated subcategories of the finite $p$-local spectra. We use this partial classification to study the lattice of triangulated subcategories. This study gives some new evidence to a conjecture of Adams that the thick subcategory $\C_2$ can be generated by iterated cofiberings of the Smith-Toda complex. We also discuss several consequences of these classification theorems.
description: Exposition improved, corrected several typos, added corollary 3.5, to appear in Fundamenta Mathematicae, 31 pages, 2 figures
Calcium Nitrite as a Corrosion Inhibitor in Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks
Creators: name: Hopwood, Theodore
name: Hunsucker, David Q.
name: Courtney, Edgar
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The use of calcium nitrite es a corrosion-inhibiting admixture in reinforced concrete hes been studied on two bridges· the Kentucky 152 Bridge in Washington County and the Gose Road Bridge in Boyle County. Calcium nitrite was added to concrete used in the slabs, diaphragms and barriers of the KY 152 bridge and only in the slab of the Good Road bridge.  Construction of both structures was monitored in the fall of 1986. Placement of concrete on both bridges was satisfactory; however, problems were experienced in finishing the concrete. The finishing problems were related to: 1) concrete 'stickiness', 2) use of spinning-drum screed, 3) use of tyning for deck grooving and, 4) contractor inexperience with the concrete. The finishing problems included; 1) pulled or exposed aggregate, 2) pull cracks, 3) unclosed surface voids and 4) irregular grooves.  Compressive strength of the calcium-nitrite admixed concrete for both bridges exceeded 6,000 psi at 28 days. Freeze-thaw tests of specimens from the Gose Road bridge concrete (that incorporated a super water reducer) indicated no deterioration at 360 freeze-thaw cycles.  Half-cell, corrosion-potential tests were conducted on both bridge decks in March 1987. Those tests revealed no active corrosion in either bridge. In July 1987, corrosion-potential and polarization-resistance tests were performed using stainless-steel reference electrodes buried in concrete across the deck of the Gose Road bridge. Those tests revealed that reinforcing steel in the bridge was in a passive state and that no active corrosion was occurring.  Recommendations are included on remedying concrete-finishing problems. It is recommended that other experimental bridges be constructed using calcium nitrite.
Volumetric characterization of the nano- and microconfiguration of nanocomposites with conductive fillers by dielectric spectroscopy
Creators: name: Blanco Villalba, José Francisco
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2021
Subjects: Dielectric Spectroscopy
Impedance Spectroscopy
Composites
Nanocomposites
Characterization
Polymer
Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Black
Permittivity
Conductivity

description: Ein Effektiv-Medium-Modell (Polder/van Santen/Böttcher-Modell oder PvSB-Modell) wurde verwendet, um die dielektrischen Eigenschaften von Verbundwerkstoffen in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Füllstoffdispersion und -orientierung zu beschreiben. Das Modell wurde experimentell anhand von Referenzproben mit definiert eingestellter Dispersion und Orientierung der Füllstoffe validiert. Neben der Verwendung des PvSB-Modells, wurde zur Simulation der dielektrischen Eigenschaften von Verbundwerkstoffen die Finite-Elemente-Methode (FEM) angewandt. Bei geringen Füllstoffkonzentrationen stimmen die Ergebnisse von Simulation und Modell sehr gut überein. Bei hohen Konzentrationen beginnen die Ergebnisse voneinander abzuweichen. Die vom PvSB Modell nicht berücksichtigten Parameter, wie der relative Abstand zwischen den Füllstoffen oder die Netzwerkbildung von Füllstoffen, wurden mit Hilfe der FEM simuliert. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die meisten dieser Parameter einen vernachlässigbaren Einfluss auf die Gesamtpermittivität des Komposits haben. Lediglich die Netzwerkbildung der Füllstoffe führte zu einem erheblichen Effekt. Eine Erweiterung des PvSB-Modells (e-PvSB) wurde folglich vorgeschlagen, um die Kontakt- oder Netzwerkbildung der Füllstoffe in einem Komposit zu berücksichtigen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein neuer Parameter definiert, der Netzwerkfaktor. Darauf aufbauend wurde eine Methode zur Verwendung des e-PvSB-Modells vorgeschlagen, um morphologische Informationen aus experimentellen Daten zu erhalten. Die Methode wurde angewandt, um anhand von Messdaten der Permittivität, die Morphologie von Polymer- Nanokompositen mit Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren und Ruß unter verschiedenen Zuständen von Dispersion und Ausrichtung abzuschätzen.
Re-analysis of Phosphine in Venus' Clouds
Creators: name: Greaves, Jane S.
name: Richards, Anita M. S.
name: Bains, William
name: Rimmer, Paul B.
name: Clements, David L.
name: Seager, Sara
name: Petkowski, Janusz J.
name: Sousa-Silva, Clara
name: Ranjan, Sukrit
name: Fraser, Helen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We first respond to two points raised by Villanueva et al. We show the JCMT discovery spectrum of PH3 can not be re-attributed to SO2, as the line width is larger than observed for SO2 features, and the required abundance would be an extreme outlier. The JCMT spectrum is also consistent with our simple model, constant PH3-abundance with altitude, with no discrepancy in line profile (within data limits); reconciliation with a full photochemical model is the subject of future work. Section 2 presents initial results from re-processed ALMA data. Villanueva et al. noted an issue with bandpass calibration. They have worked on a partially re-processed subset of the ALMA data, so we note where their conclusions, and those of Greaves et al., are now superseded. To summarise: we recover PH3 in Venus' atmosphere with ALMA (~5σ confidence). Localised abundance appears to peak at ~5-10 parts-per-billion (ppb), with suggestions of spatial variation. Advanced data-products suggest a planet-averaged PH3 abundance ~1-4 ppb, lower than from the earlier ALMA processing (which indicated 7+ ppb). The ALMA data are reconcilable with the JCMT detection (~20 ppb) if there is order-of-magnitude temporal variation; more advanced processing of the JCMT data is underway to check methods. Independent PH3 measurements suggest possible altitude dependence (under ~5 ppb at 60+ km, up to ~100 ppb at 50+ km; see Section 2: Conclusions.). Given that both ALMA and JCMT were working at the limit of observatory capabilities, new spectra should be obtained. The ALMA data in-hand are no longer limited by calibration, but spectral ripples still exist, probably due to size and brightness of Venus in relation to the primary beam. Further, spatial ripples are present, potentially reducing significance of real narrow spectral features.
description: Response to the Matters Arising: "No phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus" by G. Villanueva et al., preprint at arXiv:2010.14305; v2 contains updated values and additional technical details
Triplet and Singlet Excitations in the Valence Bond Crystal Phase of Kagome Lattice Heisenberg Model
Creators: name: Singh, Rajiv R. P.
name: Huse, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A proposed ground state for the Kagome Lattice Heisenberg Model (KLHM) consists of a Valence Bond Crystal (VBC) with a 36-site unit cell. We calculate the low-lying triplet and singlet excitations in the VBC phase for the infinite-lattice model and for the 36-site cluster. For the infinite lattice, the lowest triplet excitation is found to have a spin gap of approximately $0.08 \pm 0.02 J$ and a bandwidth of only about $0.01 J$. For the 36-site cluster, consisting of a single unit cell with periodic boundary conditions, there are substantial finite-size effects: the spin gap there is estimated to be approximately $0.2 J$, close to the exact diagonalization result of $0.164 J$. The triplet excitations attract one another and form many bound states in the spin-singlet channel. We find a large number of such bound states for the 36-site cluster, many of which appear to lie below the spin gap, again in agreement with the results from exact diagonalization.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Competition and productivity in associations of beans (phaseolus vulgaris L.) and beets (beta vulgaris L.) grown at two levels of soil fertility
Creators: name: Wanjau, Fredrick M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Plant competition for resources is a major component of plant interference. Field experiments were conducted in the summers of 1994 and 1995 to study competition at two soil fertility levels. Mixtures and pure stands of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and beets (Beta vulgaris L.) were established, involving nine population density combinations and three pure stand densities per species. Density treatments were assigned to sub-plots, with two soil fertility levels as the main plots in a split plot randomized complete block design. Treatment effects were evaluated using several analytical procedures. Analysis of variance showed that mean yield per plant significantly responded to population density of each species. Interactions between species, and species and fertilizer, were occasionally significant. Inverse yielddensity regressions indicated that beans were the stronger competitor in 1994, but beets were the stronger competitor in 1995. In both species, competition for soil resources seemed to be more important than competition for light, and competitive responses were stronger in the fertilized treatment. Plant proportions were affected by experimental treatments. In beans, dry matter allocation to pods predominated in 1994, but allocation to stems was larger in 1995. In beets, dry matter allocation was dominated by storage root formation in both years. Allometric analysis detected adjustments in plant allometry, although direct, i. e. nonallometric, experimental influences on dry mass per plant also occurred. Yield component analysis indicated that for both species leaf area index was the most important direct contributor to yield variation, while for beans pod filling was also important. In both years and at the higher soil fertility level, the relative productivity of mixtures per unit land area slightly exceeded that of pure stands, as indicated by relative yield total (RYT) and relative land output (RLO) exceeding 1.0. The combined total productivity of the associations (i. e. total land output, TLO) was strongly influenced by the performance of beets, the more productive of the two species. Relative indices of mixture productivity (RYT or RLO) are poor indicators of total productivity (TLO). Overall, these investigations provide some connections among the competitive responses of the associated species, their growth, and their complementary productive performance.
Depth profile of tin in float glass - a CEMS study
Creators: name: Meisel, Werner
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 660

description: The tin content of the bath side of float glass was studied by CEMS (conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy). The method provides a high surface sensitivity with an information depth of 1 µm, and allows a distinction between the different valence states of tin. Depth profiles were measured by etching samples stepwise. The tin content decreases rapidly from the surface to the bulk and shows the typical hump between 5 and 10 μm. Sn^^ dominates at the surface, but close to the hump, Sn²⁺ clearly prevails. Still deeper inside, the lower valence states become visible, until the tin concentration falls below the sensitivy limit.