cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
La responsabilidad de las entidades fiduciarias en negocios subyacentes de contratación de servicios médicos : estudio de caso FOMAG-FIDUPREVISORA S.A.
Creators: name: Molina Villarreal, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Subcontratación - Aspectos jurídicos
subject: Responsabilidad civil - Aspectos sociales
subject: Salud pública - Legislación
subject: Entidades fiduciarias
subject: Servicio médico
subject: Régimen docente
subject: Negocios subyacentes

description: Se plantean como objetivos, estudiar los elementos característicos del contrato de fiducia mercantil en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano; examinar los deberes de conducta de las entidades fiduciarias frente a terceros en virtud de una relación jurídica subyacente en la jurisprudencia nacional; caracterizar la relación jurídica subyacente de contratación de servicios médicos encargada a FIDUPREVISORA SA por parte del FOMAG; y precisar el alcance de la responsabilidad de FIDUPREVISORA SA por el daño derivado de la ejecución defectuosa o inejecución del contrato de servicios médicos confiado al tercero previamente determinado por FOMAG. Por su parte, este trabajo se plantea desde los parámetros de la investigación jurídica, a través de una metodología deductiva analítica. En la medida que, su objetivo primordial se orienta al estudio normativo y doctrinario sobre responsabilidad fiduciaria y a la revisión sistemática de la jurisprudencia nacional sobre el tema. Adicionalmente, se establece método hermenéutico en la medida que se enfoca en atribuir significado y contenido a un caso jurídico mediante métodos de interpretación legal para lograr determinar su alcance (Agudelo, 2018). Asimismo, se acude a la revisión documental para procesar y recuperar la información identificada en las diferentes fases del proceso de investigación (Hoyos, 2000).
description: The objectives are to study the characteristic elements of the commercial trust contract in the Colombian legal system; examine the conduct duties of fiduciary entities towards third parties by virtue of an underlying legal relationship in national jurisprudence; characterize the underlying legal relationship of contracting medical services entrusted to FIDUPREVISORA SA by FOMAG; and specify the scope of the responsibility of FIDUPREVISORA SA for the damage derived from the defective execution or non-execution of the medical services contract entrusted to the third party previously determined by FOMAG. For its part, this work is proposed from the parameters of legal research, through an analytical deductive methodology. To the extent that, its primary objective is oriented to the normative and doctrinal study on fiduciary responsibility and the systematic review of national jurisprudence on the subject. Additionally, a hermeneutic method is established to the extent that it focuses on attributing meaning and content to a legal case through legal interpretation methods to determine its scope (Agudelo, 2018). Likewise, documentary review is used to process and recover the information identified in the different phases of the research process (Hoyos, 2000).
Megadineura grandis Andre 1882
Creators: name: Wei, Meicai
name: Nie, Haiyan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Tenthredinidae
Megadineura
Megadineura grandis

description: Megadineura grandis (André, 1882) (Fig. 2)
Dineura grandis André, 1882, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, (6) I: 437. Megadineura grandis: Malaise 1931, Ent. Tidskr., 51: 148.
Diagnosis: M. grandis differs from its congeners in the female abdomen having 2 pairs of large white spots, clypeus short and with a distinct cross ridge, mesepisternum with a low ridge, forewing with cell 1Rs as long as 2Rs, vein 2r joining cell 2Rs at middle, cu-a joining cell 1M at middle, lateral incisions of the seventh sternite in female deep and the serrulae much protruding with subbasal teeth minute; body length 13–15 mm.
Specimens examined: 2 Ψ Ψ, Daxingou, Liaoning, China, 16 June, 2005, Sheng Maoling coll., 2 ɗ ɗ, Wuying, Yichun, Heilongjiang, China, 02–03 June, 1977, Wang Changshan, Chen Zhizi coll.
Distribution: China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning), Russia (Primorie, Pribaikal) Korea, Japan (Hokkaido).
M. grandis has been reported from the following locations: Primorie (3 Ψ, 24 June 1930, Sedanka, Malaise 1931) Pribaikal (1 Ψ, 27.June 1955, stream Malaya Bystraya. Verzhutskii, 1966, 1981); Korea (Takeuchi, 1952); South Korea (Lee et al., 2000; listing a number of Korean localities); Hokkaido (Hakodate. Malaise 1931).
description: Published as part of Wei, Meicai & Nie, Haiyan, 2008, A new species of Megadineura Malaise (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) and a key to the known species of the genus, pp. 51-60 in Zootaxa 1920 on pages 55-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184706
Oryx beisa Rüppell 1835
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Oryx
Oryx beisa

description: Oryx beisa Rüppell 1835
Oryx beisa Rüppell 1835, Neue Wirbelthiere z. d. Fauna Abyssinien gehorig, Saugeth.: 14.
Type Locality: Eritrea, "in den Niederungen der Küstenlandschaft bei Massaua" (Red Sea coast west of Massawa).
Vernacular Names: Beisa.
Subspecies::
Subspecies Oryx beisa subsp. beisa Rüppell 1835
Subspecies Oryx beisa subsp. callotis Thomas 1892
Distribution: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, NE and SE Sudan, NE Uganda (extinct?), and NE Tanzania.
Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (cd) as O. gazella beisa.
Discussion: Included in gazella by Ansell (1972:49), whose subspecific synonymy is otherwise followed here. Restored to species status by East et al. (1999), Grubb (2000 b), and Kingdon (1997).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 637-722 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 718, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
CNN-BASED MODEL FOR DEEPFAKE ANALYSIS USING IMAGES AND VIDEOS
Creators: name: RATNESH KUMAR SHUKLA
name: ALOK SINGH SENGAR
name: VINAY MISHRA
name: NUPA RAM CHAUHAN
name: SAURABH KUMAR
name: RAJESH KUMAR PATHAK
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: CNN, Deep Learning, Facial Expression Recognition, Machine Learning and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN).

description: Abstract

The convolutional neural network (CNN) is a frequently used and beneficial approach in many domains, such as computer vision, machine learning and natural language processing (NLP). CNN is used by deepfakes to modify people's photos and videos so that viewers are unable to tell the fake from the real one. Many investigations into the mechanics of deepfakes have been carried out in recent years and a variety of CNN-based methods have been introduced to identify deepfakes in photos or videos. In this research, CNN-based proposed model are implemented the deepfake analysis and face detection technologies. Furthermore, these are provided a comprehensive examination of different technologies and used in the identification of deepfake analysis. Researchers in this field will find this study useful as it covers the most recent state-of-the-art techniques for identifying deepfakes in photos or videos found in social media content. It will also facilitate comparison with previous research due to its comprehensive description of the most recent techniques employed in this field.
Nesophontes paramicrus Miller 1929
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Soricomorpha
Nesophontidae
Nesophontes
Nesophontes paramicrus

description: Nesophontes paramicrus Miller 1929
Nesophontes paramicrus Miller 1929, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 81 (9): 3.
Type Locality: Haití, cave approximately 4 mi. (6.4 km) E St. Michel.
Vernacular Names: St. Michael Nesophontes.
Distribution: Haití.
Conservation: IUCN – Extinct.
Discussion: Some analyzed bones from Haítí dated from the 14th century (MacPhee et al., 1999). Found in association with Rattus bones.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Soricomorpha, pp. 220-311 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 221, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Latin Majuscule Writing with semicursive hand: P.Herc. 215
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 4
description: List of Herculaneum papyri written with a majuscule semicursive; drawing of the letters; for some papyri indication of the writing angle; notes with a different (pink) ink - Papyrological description of P.Herc. 215 (11 frames) and excerpts from D. Bassi, Catalogo descrittivo dei papiri ercolanesi, "RIFC" 36 (1908), 477-501. Palaeographic description of the writing and drawings of the letters (also on tracing paper). Transcription with annotations and drawing of the fragments; correction and later addings with a different ink (light green); in the upper right corner further indications added with different inks: 'micro'(lighter pink ink); 'Vu 54' (darker pink ink). Photographs of the papyrus (sometimes with the date or with Marichal's indication of the number of 'bobin') and of the drawings; little piece of a photographic negative. - The last page of the folder contains the following indication, in the form of a title: 342, recopié (the latter written with a different pink ink).
description: Source: 4MAR_9_2_5-15.2
description: Relation: 4MAR_42_4-4, 4MAR_42_4-7
description: created: n.d., 1957
Megadineura rufocephala Wei 2002
Creators: name: Wei, Meicai
name: Nie, Haiyan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Tenthredinidae
Megadineura
Megadineura rufocephala

description: Megadineura rufocephala Wei, 2002 (Fig. 3)
Megadineura rufocephala Wei, 2002, The Fauna and Taxonomy of Insects in Henan, 5: 69.
Diagnosis: M. rufocephala can be easily recognized by its red-brown head. Furthermore, it differs from other species of the genus in its white hind trochanters, clypeus and labrum, black fore and middle trochanters, black abdomen without white spots, cell 2Rs distinctly shorter than 1Rs, petiole of hind anal cell only half length of cu-a; middle serrulae low and oblique, and subbasal teeth minute.
Specimen examined: 1 Ψ, holotype, Yugong Forest plant, Jiyuan, Henan Province, China, alt. 1700 m, 7 June, 2000, Wei Meicai coll.; 1 Ψ, Mt. Hupingshan, Hunan Province, China, alt. 1400 m, 1 June, 2003, Jiang Yang coll.; 1 Ψ, Mt. Zhongnanshan, Shaanxi, E.10858.356’N.3359.506’, alt. 1555 m, 27 May, 2006, Yang Qing coll..
Distribution: China (Shaanxi, Henan, Hunan).
description: Published as part of Wei, Meicai & Nie, Haiyan, 2008, A new species of Megadineura Malaise (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) and a key to the known species of the genus, pp. 51-60 in Zootaxa 1920 on page 57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184706
Oryx beisa subsp. beisa Rüppell 1835
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Oryx
Oryx beisa
Oryx beisa subsp. beisa rüppell 1835

description: Oryx beisa subsp. beisa Rüppell 1835
Oryx beisa subsp. beisa Rüppell 1835, Neue Wirbelthiere z. d. Fauna Abyssinien gehorig, Saugeth.: 14.
Type Locality: Eritrea, "in den Niederungen der Küstenlandschaft bei Massaua" (Red Sea coast west of Massawa).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 637-722 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 718, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Megadineura himalayana Benson 1963
Creators: name: Wei, Meicai
name: Nie, Haiyan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Tenthredinidae
Megadineura
Megadineura himalayana

description: Megadineura himalayana Benson, 1963
Megadineura himalayana Benson, 1963, Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 84: 20.
Diagnosis: Head black, clypeus, prolegs except coxae, and all trochanters yellowish white; abdominal tergites without white spots; malar space about 0.35 x the width of the front ocellus; clypeus with broad excision to about 1/2 depth; hind basitarsus slightly longer than following 3 tarsomeres together; middle serrulae low and oblique, basal corner angulated, subbasal teeth small and obtuse; body length 10 mm (Benson, 1963; Saini, 2006).
Specimens examined: None.
Distribution: Kashmir.
description: Published as part of Wei, Meicai & Nie, Haiyan, 2008, A new species of Megadineura Malaise (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) and a key to the known species of the genus, pp. 51-60 in Zootaxa 1920 on page 57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184706
THE NEXUS BETWEEN REMITTANCE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN NIGERIA
Creators: name: CHINWE R. OKOYEUZU
name: OKOROIWU KEMDI LUGARD
name: WILFRED ISIOMA UKPERE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Remittances, Renewable Energy, Sustainability, Energy, Poverty, Nigeria.

description: Abstract

The study, which aimed to ascertain the relationship between remittances and renewable energy, was conducted to obtain potential socio-economic and environmental effects of remittance inflows on the adoption of renewable energy technology in Nigeria. Employing secondary data from World Bank indicators, the study adopted an ARDL model (autoregressive distributed lag). The findings show a positive relationship between remittances and renewable energy uptake in the country. The research outcome provides useful insights for policymakers, scholars, and organizations that are working towards sustainable development. The study recommends that attention should be given to remittances' potential as a source of finance for renewable energy projects. The findings reveal that some factors that influence the distribution of remittances towards clean energy initiatives should receive attention. Finally, the findings provide an all-inclusive understanding of how remittance-based renewable energy initiatives contribute to sustainable development. The study contributes to the body of knowledge within the domain of the remittances and renewable energy nexus towards achieving development in Nigeria.
Nesophontes submicrus Arredondo 1970
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Soricomorpha
Nesophontidae
Nesophontes
Nesophontes submicrus

description: Nesophontes submicrus Arredondo 1970
Nesophontes submicrus Arredondo 1970, Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 30 (86): 137.
Type Locality: Cuba, Habana, Bacuranao, Cueva de la Santa.
Vernacular Names: Lesser Cuban Nesophontes.
Distribution: Cuba.
Conservation: Extinct.
Discussion: Time of extinction uncertain (MacPhee et al., 1999).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Soricomorpha, pp. 220-311 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 221, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Oryx dammah Cretzschmar 1827
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Oryx
Oryx dammah

description: Oryx dammah Cretzschmar 1827
Oryx dammah Cretzschmar 1827, in: Ruppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Saugeth., Vol. 1: 22.
Type Locality: Sudan, Northern Kordofan Prov., "bewohnen die grossen Steppen von Haraza [vicinity of Jebel Haraza]".
Vernacular Names: Scimitar-horned Oryx.
Distribution: Extinct in Algeria, N Burkina Faso, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, N Nigeria, N Senegal, Sudan, and Tunisia. Probably last occurred in the wild in the 1980s in Chad (East et al., 1999). Survives as captive populations.
Conservation: CITES – Appendix I; U.S. ESA – Proposed Endangered; IUCN – Extinct in the Wild.
Discussion: Year of publication is 1827, not 1826, according to J. E. Hill (ms notes based on Anon., 1829:1291-1292). Includes tao (Ansell, 1972:48). The name algazel Oken, 1816, was declared invalid by Opinion 417 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1956 b).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 637-722 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 718, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Megadineura stringulata Saini 2006
Creators: name: Wei, Meicai
name: Nie, Haiyan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Tenthredinidae
Megadineura
Megadineura stringulata

description: Megadineura stringulata Saini, 2006, not available
Megadineura stringulata Saini, 2006, Indian Sawflies Biodiversity. Keys, Catalogue & Illustrations. P. 91, 177. Name not available.
Diagnosis: Clypeus and prolegs entirely fusco-ferruginous, hind trochanters yellowish white; abdominal tergites without white spots; malar space 0.5 x the width of the front ocellus; clypeus with shallow excision to 1/3 of its medial length; third antennomere with basal projection; hind basitarsus shorter than following 3 tarsomeres together (4:5); middle serrulae low and oblique, basal corner sharply angulated, subbasal teeth distinct (Saini, 2006).
Specimen examined: None.
Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh).
Note: Saini (2006, p. 11) stated in a kind of disclaimer: "Some new species belonging to different taxa such as Profenusa, Satabara, Megadineura, Priophorus etc. are also included in the text. These will be published separately in some research journals." However I can not find any information about Megadineura stringulata Saini, 2006 besides the book in which the name appeared firstly. The name of the species appeared on page 91 in the key to the known species of Megadineura Malaise and species catalogue, and also in plate 57 on page 177. Furthermore, according to the fourth edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Art. 16.3 (Bu & Zheng, 2007), Megadineura stringulata Saini, 2006 is not available, as there is no statement about a primary type.
description: Published as part of Wei, Meicai & Nie, Haiyan, 2008, A new species of Megadineura Malaise (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) and a key to the known species of the genus, pp. 51-60 in Zootaxa 1920 on pages 57-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184706
Modelling heatwave treatments, experimental design, and stickleback survival, behavior, and overview of responses across generations from Do you remember? Within- and transgenerational heat stress memory of recurring marine heatwaves in threespine stickleback
Creators: name: Spence-Jones, Helen C
name: Scheibl, Cassandra
name: Pein, Carla M
name: Ionita, Monica
name: Shama, Lisa N S
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified

description: Modelling experimental temperatures (Figure S1) and heatwave treatments, experimental design (Figure S2), long-term survival probability in offspring (Figure S3), linear mixed-effect model of exploratory behavior (Table S1), and overview of stickleback responses to single and recurring heatwaves across life stages and generations (Figure S4).
Oryx gazella
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Oryx
Oryx gazella

description: Oryx gazella (Linnaeus 1758)
[Capra] gazella Linnaeus 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 69.
Type Locality: " India "; understood to be South Africa (Thomas, 1911 a:152).
Vernacular Names: Gemsbok.
Distribution: SW Angola (extinct?), Botswana, Namibia, N South Africa, and W Zimbabwe.
Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (cd).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 637-722 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 718, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF FORMAL WRITING STYLE UNITS IN UZBEK LANGUAGe
Creators: name: Khayrullayeva, Yulduz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The formal writing style in the Uzbek language is characterized by a set of distinct grammatical, lexical, and syntactic features that differentiate it from colloquial or informal registers. This style is primarily used in academic, legal, administrative, and scientific discourse. Its grammatical structure adheres to strict norms that emphasize clarity, precision, and a high degree of cohesion. This analysis explores the grammatical units that define the formal writing style in Uzbek, including morphological structures, syntactic constructions, and lexical-grammatical features.
Testudinata Oppel 1811
Creators: name: Savage, Jay M.
name: Bolaños, Federico
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Testudinata

description: ORDER TESTUDINATA Oppel, 1811 6F/9G (15)
FAMILY CHELONIIDAE J. E. Gray, 1825 4G (5) Caretta Rafinesque, 1814 (1)
Caretta caretta (Linné, 1758) (755) Chelonia Brongniart, 1800 (2)
Chelonia agassizii Bocourt, 1868 (756)
Chelonia mydas (Linné, 1758) (758) Eretmochelys Fitzinger, 1843 (1)
Eretmochelys imbricata (Linné, 1766) (759) Lepidochelys Fitzinger, 1843 (1)
Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) (760)
FAMILY CHELYDRIDAE Agassiz, 1857 (1839) 1G (1) The following species was referred to as Chelydra serpentina by Savage (2002). We follow the consensus of turtle authorities (see Bonin et al. 2006; Fritz & Havas 2006) in recognizing it as distinct from that species. Chelydra Schweigger, 1812 (1)
Chelydra acutirostris W. Peters, 1862 (762)
FAMILY DERMOCHELYIDAE Baur, 1888 (1825) 1G (1) Dermochelys Blainville, 1816 (1)
Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761) (751)
FAMILY EMYDIDAE Schmid, 1819 1G (2)
Trachemys Agassiz, 1857 (2)
The name Trachemys is now generally applied to the several species of “sliders”. Savage (2002) used the
name Chrysemys for this genus which included the painted turtles (Chrysemys) and cooters (Pseudemys) as
well.
The number of species of Mesoamerican sliders is controversial with no agreement among recent authors. In Costa Rica two species are recognized by Vetter (2002) one from the Rio San Juan drainage (T. emolli) and the other (T. venusta) from the Caribbean and southern Pacific lowlands. Bonin et al. (2006) and Fritz and Havas (2006) recognize these two forms but do not apply either name to Pacific versant Costa Rica populations. Both of these nominal taxa were included in Chrysemys ornata by Savage (2002):
Trachemys emolli (Legler, 1990)
Trachemys venusta (J. E. Gray, 1856)
FAMILY GEOEMYDIDAE Theobald, 1868 1 (3)
This taxon was treated as a subfamily (Batagurinae) of the Emydidae by Savage (2002); it is generally recognized as a distinct family (see Vetter 2002; Bonin, Devaux & Dupré 2006; Fritz & Havas 2006). Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger, 1835 (3)
Rhinoclemmys annulata (J. E. Gray. 1860) (765)
Rhinoclemmys funerea (Cope, 1875) (766)
Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima (J. E. Gray, 1855) (767)
FAMILY KINOSTERNIDAE J. E. Gray, 1869 1G (3) Kinosternon Spix, 1824 (3)
Kinosternon angustipons Legler, 1965 (746) Kinosternon leucostomum (C. Duméril & Bibron, 1851) (747) Kinosternon scorpioides (Linné, 1766) (748)
description: Published as part of Savage, Jay M. & Bolaños, Federico, 2009, A checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: Additions and nomenclatural revisions, pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 2005 on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274674
Oryx leucoryx
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Oryx
Oryx leucoryx

description: Oryx leucoryx (Pallas 1777)
[Antilope] leucoryx Pallas 1777, Spicil. Zool., 12: 17.
Type Locality: "Arabiae et forte Lybiae proprium animal"; restricted to Arabia (Lydekker, 1914 b:130).
Vernacular Names: Arabian Oryx.
Distribution: Extinct in Egypt (Sinai Peninsula), Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Maintained in captivity; Middle Eastern breeding stock in Bahrain, Israel, Leban, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and United Arab Emirates. Recently reintroduced to the wild in Oman and Saudi Arabia.
Conservation: CITES – Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN – Endangered.
Discussion: Included in O. gazella by Haltenorth (1963:88). Status reviewed in Mallon and Kingswood (2001).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 637-722 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 719, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Crocodilia Gmelin
Creators: name: Savage, Jay M.
name: Bolaños, Federico
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Crocodilia

description: ORDER CROCODILIA Gmelin, “1788”, 1789 2F/2G (2)
Savage (2002) regarded the following taxon as a subfamily of the Crocodylidae. Most crocodilian systematists (e.g., King & Burke 1989; Richardson, Webb, & Manolis 2002) recognize it as a family distinct from the latter family.
FAMILY ALLIGATORIDAE Cuvier, 1807 1G (1)
Caiman Spix, 1825 (1)
Caiman crocodilus (Linné, 1758) (776)
FAMILY CROCODYLIDAE Gmelin, “1788”, 1789 1G (1) Crocodylus Laurenti, 1768 (1)
Crocodylus acutus (Cuvier, 1807) (778)
description: Published as part of Savage, Jay M. & Bolaños, Federico, 2009, A checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: Additions and nomenclatural revisions, pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 2005 on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274674
Reduncinae Knottnerus-Meyer 1907
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae

description: Reduncinae Knottnerus-Meyer 1907
Reduncinae Knottnerus-Meyer 1907, Arch. Naturgesch., 73: 39.
Genera: 3 genera with 9 species:
Genus Kobus A. Smith 1840 (5 species with 27 subspecies)
Genus Pelea Gray 1850 (1 species)
Genus Redunca C. H. Smith 1827 (3 species with 10 subspecies)
Discussion: Recent work has suggested that Pelea should be included in the Reduncinae (Gatesy et al., 1997; Hassanin and Douzery, 1999 a; Vrba and Schaller, 2000) although Pelea is strongly differentiated from Kobus and Redunca in morphology. Peleinae has priority over Reduncinae but its seniority is not recognised here: inclusion of Pelea in Reduncinae is provisional, Reduncinae is a much more familiar and widely used name, and a proposal will be made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for the conservation of Reduncinae. Reduncini includes Kobus and Redunca; Peleini includes Pelea.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 637-722 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 719, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Rhampholeon (Rhinodigitum) platyceps Gunther 1892
Creators: name: Branch, William R.
name: Bayliss, Julian
name: Tolley, Krystal A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Chamaeleonidae
Rhampholeon
Rhampholeon platyceps

description: Rhampholeon (Rhinodigitum) platyceps Günther, 1892.
Mount Mulanje Pygmy Chameleon
Synonomy: Brookesia platyceps Loveridge 1933
Brookesia platyceps platyceps Loveridge 1953
Brookesia platyceps carri Loveridge 1953
Rhampholeon (Rhinodigitum) platyceps Matthee, Tilbury & Townsend 2004.
Holotype: Adult female (BMNH 1946.8.21.73), collected by A. White. Type locality (by subsequent designation, Stevens 1974): Mt. Mulanje, southern Malawi.
Variation in adult coloration of an adult male (Fig. 4 A) and adult female (Fig. 4 B), and evergreen forest habitat in the Lichenya plateau region, are shown (Fig. 4 C). For full details of morphology, hemipenial structure, biology and habitat see Tilbury (2010).
description: Published as part of Branch, William R., Bayliss, Julian & Tolley, Krystal A., 2014, Pygmy chameleons of the Rhampholeon platyceps compex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae): Description of four new species from isolated ' sky islands' of northern Mozambique, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3814 (1) on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/286211
Kobus A. Smith 1840
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Kobus

description: Kobus A. Smith 1840
Kobus A. Smith 1840, Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm., Part 12: pl. 28 plus text.
Type Species: Antilope ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833
Species and subspecies: 5 species with 27 subspecies:
Species Kobus ellipsiprymnus (Ogilby 1833)
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. adolfifriderici Matschie 1910
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. annectens Schwarz 1913
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. crawshayi P. L. Sclater 1894
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. defassa Rüppell 1835
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. harnieri Murie 1867
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. kondensis Matschie 1911
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. pallidus Matschie 1910
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. penricei W. Rothschild 1895
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. thikae Matschie 1910
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. tjaederi Lönnberg 1907
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. tschadensis Schwarz 1913
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. unctuosus Laurillard 1842
Species Kobus kob (Erxleben 1777)
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. kob Erxleben 1777
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. adolfi Lydekker and Blaine 1914
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. bahrkeetae Schwarz 1913
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. leucotis Lichtenstein and Peters 1853
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. pousarguesi Neumann 1905
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. riparia Schwarz 1914
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. thomasi P. L. Sclater 1896
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. ubangiensis Schwarz 1913
Species Kobus leche Gray 1850
Subspecies Kobus leche subsp. leche Gray 1850
Subspecies Kobus leche subsp. kafuensis Haltenorth 1963
Subspecies Kobus leche subsp. robertsi W. Rothschild 1907
Subspecies Kobus leche subsp. smithemani Lydekker 1900
Species Kobus megaceros Fitzinger 1855
Species Kobus vardonii Livingstone 1857
Subspecies Kobus vardonii subsp. vardonii Livingstone 1857
Subspecies Kobus vardonii subsp. senganus P. L. Sclater and Thomas 1897
Discussion: Includes Adenota and Onotragus; see Ansell (1972:40). Species groups are K. kob or Adenota group (includes also K. vardonii, forming a superspecies), K. leche or Hydrotragus group (includes also K. megaceros), and K. ellipsiprymnus or nominate Kobus group (Ansell, 1972). The most parsimonious tree based on morphological characters is (K. vardonii) (( K. kob) (( K. leche, K. megaceros) (K. ellipsprymnus ))) with kob group paraphyletic (Vrba et al., 1994). Phylogeny inferred from mtDNA is (K. leche, K. megaceros) (( K. kob, K. vardonii) (K. ellipsprymnus )) (Birungi and Arctander, 2001), with species groups monophyletic.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 637-722 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 719, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Rhampholeon (Rhinodigitum) chapmanorum Tilbury 1992
Creators: name: Branch, William R.
name: Bayliss, Julian
name: Tolley, Krystal A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Chamaeleonidae
Rhampholeon
Rhampholeon chapmanorum

description: Rhampholeon (Rhinodigitum) chapmanorum Tilbury, 1992
Chapmans’ Pygmy Chameleon
Synonomy: Rhampholeon chapmani Tilbury 1992
Rhampholeon chapmanorum Klaver & Böhme 1997
Rhampholeon (Rhinodigitum) chapmanorum Matthee, Tilbury & Townsend 2004.
Holotype: Adult male (BMNH 1988.399), collected by Colin and Sarah Tilbury. Type locality: in evergreen forest at 940 m asl., above the Chididi Police post, on top of Malawi Hills, southern Malawi.
Variation in adult coloration in an adult male and an adult female are illustrated in Fig. 4 D and Fig. 4 E, respectively. Note also the pronounced nasal and supraorbital processes on the head of the male. For full details of morphology, hemipenial structure, biology and habitat see Tilbury (2010).
description: Published as part of Branch, William R., Bayliss, Julian & Tolley, Krystal A., 2014, Pygmy chameleons of the Rhampholeon platyceps compex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae): Description of four new species from isolated ' sky islands' of northern Mozambique, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3814 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/286211
SOCIAL WORK AND PROFESSIONALIZATION: REVISITING FLEXNER'S INFLUENCE IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Creators: name: John M., Anderson
name: Laura K., Johnson
Publisher: name: keith journal
Year: 2025
Subjects: Abraham Flexner, social work, professional status, historical perspective, education

description: Abraham Flexner's pivotal address, "Is Social Work a Profession?" delivered in 1915, questioned the professional status of social work and raised doubts about its well-defined methods for education. His assessment, suggesting that social work was not yet a profession, had a lasting impact on the field. Despite being presented over a century ago, Flexner's speech continues to resonate in discussions about the professional identity of social work. This historical perspective on social work's professional development serves as a point of reference for contemporary evaluations of the field's progress. The influence of Flexner's message can still be observed in the modern literature on social welfare, social work, and their professional evolution. In 2016, the Journal of Social Work Education dedicated a supplementary issue to reflect on "Social Work 100 Years Post-Flexner" and assess the field's achievements and challenges. Flexner's speech remains a significant part of the ongoing discourse on the professionalization of social work.
Kobus ellipsiprymnus
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Kobus
Kobus ellipsiprymnus

description: Kobus ellipsiprymnus (Ogilby 1833)
[Antilope] ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1833: 47.
Type Locality: "about twenty-five days' journey north of the Orange River between Latakoo and the western coast of Africa". Since restricted to Botswana, Gaborone, the top reaches of the Notwani River; see Smithers (1971:233) and Grubb (1999:25-26).
Vernacular Names: Waterbuck.
Subspecies::
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. adolfifriderici Matschie 1910
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. annectens Schwarz 1913
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. crawshayi P. L. Sclater 1894
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. defassa Rüppell 1835
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. harnieri Murie 1867
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. kondensis Matschie 1911
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. pallidus Matschie 1910
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. penricei W. Rothschild 1895
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. thikae Matschie 1910
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. tjaederi Lönnberg 1907
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. tschadensis Schwarz 1913
Subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. unctuosus Laurillard 1842
Distribution: Mesic non-forested habitats in Angola, Benin, N and EC Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, N Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, N and S Dem. Rep. Congo, N Eritrea, Ethiopia, S Gabon, Gambia (extinct), Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, S Mali, S Mauritania, Mozambique, NE Namibia (Caprivi Strip), S Niger, Nigeria, S Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, E South Africa, Swaziland, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (cd) as K. ellipsiprymnus and subspecifically as K. e. defassa and K. e. ellipsiprymnus.
Discussion: Reviewed by Ansell (1972:42); ellipsiprymnus division (includes also kondensis, pallidus and thikae) and defassa division (includes all other nominal subspecies) formerly regarded as species; they hybridize along a zone of contact (G. Peters, 1986) and differ in their centric fusion polymorphisms and structure of the Y chromosome (Kingswood et al, 1998 b). Cotterill (2003 a) treated crawshayi as a species.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 637-722 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 719, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Kobus
Kobus ellipsiprymnus
Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. ellipsiprymnus ogilby 1833

description: Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833
Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1833: 47.
Type Locality: "about twenty-five days' journey north of the Orange River between Latakoo and the western coast of Africa". Since restricted to Botswana, Gaborone, the top reaches of the Notwani River; see Smithers (1971:233) and Grubb (1999:25-26).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 637-722 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 719, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Appendix 1 from The role of stochasticity in fungal community assembly – explaining apparent stochasticity with field experiments
Creators: name: Abrego, Nerea
name: Saine, Sonja
name: Penttilä, Reijo
name: Furneaux, Brendan
name: Hytönen, Tuija
name: Miettinen, Otto
name: Monkhouse, Norman
name: Mäkipää, Raisa
name: Pennanen, Jorma
name: Zakharov, Evgeny V.
name: Ovaskainen, Otso
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Description of study sites, log segments, and resident fungal communities in the manipulative field experiment
Nesophontes superstes Fischer 1977
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Soricomorpha
Nesophontidae
Nesophontes
Nesophontes superstes

description: Nesophontes superstes Fischer 1977
Nesophontes superstes Fischer 1977, Z. geol. Wiss., Berlin, 5: 221.
Type Locality: Cuba, Pinar del Rio Province, Sumerido, Cueva de la Ventana.
Vernacular Names: Cuban Nesophontes.
Distribution: Cuba.
Conservation: Extinct.
Discussion: A large species known only from a mandible found on the surface of a cave in association with Rattus. Its relation to N. major needs to be studied. Fischer (1977) speculated that the species might still be extant and gave it the name superstes (surviving). Listed by MacPhee et al. (1999) as part of the endemic Antillean fauna.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Soricomorpha, pp. 220-311 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 222, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Аналіз ризиків інвестування в проєкти сталого розвитку в умовах економічної невизначеності
Creators: name: Рагуліна Надія Вікторівна
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: ризикозахищеність інвестування, проєкти сталого розвитку, економічна невизначеність, інвестиційні стратегії, ключові компоненти ризиків, узгодженість експертних оцінок, аналіз ризиків

description: У статті розглянуто сучасні підходи до проведення комплексного аналізу ризиків, що виникають при інвестуванні в проєкти сталого розвитку в умовах економічної невизначеності, яка є одним із найсерйозніших викликів для сучасного інвестиційного середовища. Розроблено підхід до проведення аналітичного оцінювання ризикозахищеності проєктів сталого розвитку, що ґрунтується на аналізі таких ключових компонентів, як фінансова, кадрова, виробнича, управлінська, ринкова та науково-технічна складові. Запропоновано процес впровадження порогових значень для кожного компонента інвестиційного проєкту, які надають можливість визначати поточний стан ризикозахищеності такого проєкту та ідентифікувати його найбільш уразливі аспекти. Також запропоновано методику експертного оцінювання, яка дозволяє визначати вагомість кожного компонента ризикозахищеності та встановлювати пріоритетні напрями для управлінських дій. Розроблено систему моніторингу ризикозахищеності для проєктів інвестування, в яку включено графічну візуалізацію даних та оцінку стану ризиків в динамічному форматі. Доведено, що застосування ряду запропонованих підходів сприятиме зростанню рівня довіри з боку інвесторів, та забезпечуватиме стабільність реалізації проєктів сталого розвитку.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SAFFLOWER OIL VARIETIES USING OPTIMIZED COLD PRESS METHODS
Creators: name: AQSA SHEHZAD
name: MARYAM ASLAM
name: HASSAN MUNIR
name: ZILL-I-HUMA NAZLI
name: FAIZA AMIN
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Safflower Oil, Cold Press Extraction, Enzyme Treatment, Temperature Effect, Yield, Density, Peroxide Value, Iodine Value, Saponification Value, Oxidative Stability, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

description: Abstract

Safflower oil finds extensive use in food, pharmacology, and industrial applications. The research study aimed for the appraisal of physico-chemical attributes of two safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil variants, (A and B), grown in different seasons and optimized growth conditions. The parameters were assessed using a variable temperature range of extracted oil (70˚C, 100˚C, 150˚C and 200˚C) while employing enzyme (pectinase) and microwave assistance methodologies. The investigated characteristics encompassed the yield (22.07-33.48%), density (0.998-0.257 g/cm3), refractive index (1.469-1.472) peroxide value (1.922-6.999 meq/kg), iodine value, (133-122 I/100g of oil), saponification value (202-181mg KOH /g of oil), acid value (0.11-0.31mg KOH /g of oil), as well as antioxidant activities including DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (1.32-0.57 IC50, ppm) and TPC (Total Phenolic Contents) (1.185-6.098 mg/g) further supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The yield, peroxide value, and antioxidant activities demonstrated a positive correlation except density, iodine value, and saponification value with the enzyme and microwave-assisted enzyme treatments applied. This correlation underscored the significant impact of extraction processes, influenced by temperature and the methodologies employed, on the properties of safflower oil. These findings provided valuable insights for optimizing the extraction and utilization of safflower oil across various industries.
Kobus kob
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Kobus
Kobus kob

description: Kobus kob (Erxleben 1777)
[Antilope] kob Erxleben 1777, Systema Regni Animalis, Vol. 1: 293.
Type Locality: " Senegal ".
Vernacular Names: Kob.
Subspecies::
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. kob Erxleben 1777
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. adolfi Lydekker and Blaine 1914
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. bahrkeetae Schwarz 1913
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. leucotis Lichtenstein and Peters 1853
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. pousarguesi Neumann 1905
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. riparia Schwarz 1914
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. thomasi P. L. Sclater 1896
Subspecies Kobus kob subsp. ubangiensis Schwarz 1913
Distribution: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, N Dem. Rep. Congo, Ethiopia (Gambela Salient only), Gambia (extinct), Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, W Kenya (extinct), S Mali, S Mauritania, S Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone (extinct), Sudan, NW Tanzania (extinct), Togo, and Uganda.
Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (cd) as K. kob and subspecifically as K. k. kob and K. k. thomasi, Lower Risk (nt) as K. k. leucotis.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 637-722 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 720, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease with asparaginase products: a review of cases reported to the FDA adverse event reporting system and published in the literature
Creators: name: Cheng, Connie
name: Dores, Graça M.
name: Nayernama, Afrouz
name: Jones, S. Christopher
name: Rabik, Cara A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Multiple asparaginase products have been approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pediatric and adult patients. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a potentially life-threatening disorder resulting from damage to the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. To evaluate this safety concern with asparaginase (i.e. Asparlas, Oncaspar, Rylaze, and Erwinaze) use, we performed a postmarketing review of hepatic VOD reports retrieved from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database and literature with these four products. We identified 55 cases of hepatic VOD following exposure to asparaginase products. The median time to onset of hepatic VOD from the first dose of asparaginase was 18 days (interquartile range 13-24 days). Notably, 80% (44/55) of cases reported grades 3-5 VOD per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Although patients received asparaginase with standard chemotherapeutic agents known to induce VOD, case-level data indicates that asparaginase products may have contributed to hepatic VOD. Asparaginase products are associated with hepatotoxicity and thrombosis, suggesting a plausible mechanism for asparaginase-induced hepatic VOD. Based on the totality of data, including temporality and biologic plausibility, we determined hepatic VOD to be a class effect with asparaginase products. These data contributed to the addition of hepatic VOD to the hepatoxicity warning in the US Prescribing Information for asparaginase class products.