Callibaetis cruentus Cruz & Salles & Hamada 2013, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Cruz, Paulo Vilela
name: Salles, Frederico Falcão
name: Hamada, Neusa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Callibaetis
Callibaetis cruentus

description: Callibaetis cruentus sp. nov.   
(Figures 5–8)  
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 863C8C1D-4175-42E3-B1FC-2E9004B26F8B  
Known stages: I ♀ ♂, N   Diagnosis   
 Male imago. (1) Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes oval (Figure 5A); (2) forewing hyaline with black bands transversally, medially with transverse band complete (Figure 5D); (3) marginal intercalary veins paired, except between veins ICu 2 and A (Figure 5D); (4) hind wing hyaline with brown marks basally, medially and apically (Figure 5E, F); (5) costal process of hind wing compound (Figure 5E, F); (6) abdominal sterna with many reddish spots, laterally with reddish brown spot, medially one brown mark and submedially with two light black marks; (7) forceps segment I cylindrical (Figure 5C).   
 Female imago. (1) Forewing completely dark brown, meeting of longitudinal veins with the posterior margin white (Figure 5H); (2) marginal intercalary veins paired, except between veins ICu 2 and A (Figure 5H); (3) hind wing completely dark brown with white veins (Figure 5I, J); (4) costal process of hind wing compound (Figure 5I, J); (5) abdominal sterna yellowish with brown spots; laterally with one black mark; submedially with brown mark on anterior margin (Figure 5K); (6) abdominal sterna yellowish with brown spots; laterally with one black mark; submedially with brown mark on anterior margin (Figure 5K).   
 Mature nymph. (1) Antenna with spines and fine, simple setae on apex of each segment (Figure 6A); (2) distal margin of labrum with deep medial emargination (Figure 6B); (3) distal margin of labrum with long simple setae (Figure 6B); (4) maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia (Figure 6F); (5) glossa longer than paraglossa (Figure 6G); (6) labial palp segment I with spine-like setae (Figure 6G); (7) anterior surface of fore femur with robust spine-like setae near dorsal margin and with one row of robust trifid and bifid spine-like setae near ventral margin (Figure 7B); (8) fore tarsus ventrally with one row of spine-like setae and trifid spine-like setae (Figure 7C); (9) hind femur posterior surface near ventral margin with one row of robust, curved, pectinate setae (Figure 7G); (10) hind claw similar with foreclaw (Figure 7I); (11) gills VII with one fold (Figure 8G); (12) cerci with spines on all segments (Figure 8I); (13) terminal filament with spines on all segments (Figure 8J).    Description   
 Male imago. Length: body, 4.8 mm; forewing, 4.2 mm; hind wing, 0.7 mm; antenna, 0.9 mm; tibia I, 1 mm; tibia II, 0.7 mm; tibia III, 0.7 mm. (n = 2) Head (Figure 5A, B). Coloration brown. Turbinate portion of compound eyes dorsally reddish orange, stalk reddish orange with black base. Antenna. Scape and pedicel with apex brown, flagellum brown with white base. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes oval; length 1.2 × width; stalk height 0.9 × dorsal portion height; inner margins parallel, not reaching each other. Thorax (Figure 5A, B). Anteronotal protuberance, mesoscutum, submesoscutum, posterior scutal protuberance and scutellum black. Anteronotal and metascutellar protuberance rounded. Legs: Femur I with continuous longitudinal black line on external surface, tibia I white with black mark ventrally on apex, tarsus I and claws white; femur II with continuous longitudinal black line on internal surface; one light brown mark on apical half on internal surface, tibia II white with light marks on base and apex, tarsus II and claws white. Leg I: tibia 1.4 × length of femur; tarsus 1 × length of femur; and with four segments decreasing in length apically. Wings. Forewing (Figure 5D) hyaline with black bands transversally, medially with transversal band complete; veins white and black; stigmatic area with five or six cross veins touching subcostal vein; marginal intercalary veins paired, except between veins ICu 2 and A; length of each intercalary vein 0.5–0.6 × distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of forewing about 2.7 × width. Hind wing (Figure 5E, F) hyaline with brown mark basally, medially and apically; with seven to nine cross veins; costal process compound. Abdomen. Terga black, with red mark sublaterally like inverted “V” on terga II to VII; medially with two red maks on terga II and III; terga VIII, IX and X black with few black spots; tracheation black. Sterna with many reddish spots, laterally with reddish brown spot, medially with one brown mark and submedially with two light black marks. Caudal filaments lost. Genitalia (Figure 5C). Forceps segment I with few reddish spots, II and III white. Forceps segment I cylindrical; 0.4 × length of segment II; distance between base of forceps 0.3 × distance between lateral margins of forceps. Forceps segment III oval, 3.3 × as long as wide; 0.2 × length of segment II. Posterior margin of styliger plate with small medial projection.   
 Female imago. Length: body, 5.6 mm; forewing, 5.2 mm; hind wing, 0.8 mm; antenna, 0.6 mm; tibia, 0.8 mm. (n = 2) Head (Figure 5G). Coloration light brown; compound eyes black. Antenna. Scape and pedicel white with brown apex, flagellum white. Thorax (Figure 5G, K). Anteronotal protuberance and mesoscutum light brown; submesoscutum and posterior scutal protuberance yellowish light brown; scutellum light brown. Anteronotal protuberance rounded. Metascutellar protuberance pointed. Legs: Femur I white with trachea black pigmented on external surface, femora II and III white with trachea black pigmented on internal surface; tibia I white with brown mark ventrally on base and around apex, tibiae II and III white, with brown mark around apex; tarsi I, II, III and claws white. Leg I: tibia 1 × length of femur; tarsus 0.75 × length of femur. Leg II: tibia 0.7 × length of femur; tarsus 0.8 × length of femur. Leg III: tibia 0.7 × length of femur; tarsus 0.5 × length of femur. Wings. Forewing (Figure 5H) completely dark brown, meeting of longitudinal veins with the posterior margin white; veins brown; stigmatic area with eight cross veins touching subcostal vein and two not; marginal intercalary veins paired, except between veins ICu 2 and A; length of each intercalary vein 0.5–0.6 × distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of forewing about 2.3 × width. Hind wing (Figure 5I, J) completely dark brown with white veins; three complete longitudinal veins and 12–16 cross veins; costal process compound. Abdomen (Figure 5G, K). Terga yellowish brown with brown spots on VI to VIII; medially with red mark; laterally with brown mark; terga VII to IX with submedially brown mark. Tracheation black. Sterna yellowish with brown spots; laterally with one black mark; submedially with brown mark on anterior margin. Pleura with red mark. Caudal filaments lost.   
 Mature nymph. Length: body, 6 mm; terminal filament, 2.6 mm; antenna, 3.7 mm. (n = 2) Head. Coloration: light brown. Antenna light brown (Figure 6A) with spines and fine, simple setae on apex of each segment. Labrum (Figure 6B). Excavate medially; length about 0.6 × maximum width; distal margin with deep medial emargination; anterolateral and distal margin with long and simple setae; dorsally with many, long, fine, simple setae scattered over anterolateral surface; submarginal row of setae absent; ventrally with short spine-like setae near lateral margin and one row of simple spine-like setae near anterolateral and distal margin. Right mandible (Figure 6C) with 4 + 3 denticles; prostheca slender and bifurcated, inner lobe short than outer; margin between prostheca and mola convex, with short projection and tuft of setae present; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present. Denticles of mola not constricted. Tuft of setae at apex of mola present; lateral margins slightly convex; basal half bare dorsally. Left mandible (Figure 6D) with 4 + 3 denticles; prostheca robust and bifid; margin between prostheca and mola concave; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; subtriangular process narrow, at same level as area between prostheca and mola; denticles of mola not constricted; tuft of setae at apex of mola present; lateral margins slightly convex; basal half bare dorsally. Hypopharynx (Figure 6E). Superlingua not expanded; short, fine, simple setae scattered over distal margin of lingua and superlingua. Maxilla (Figure 6F). Double row of setae with three simple denti-setae. Medial protuberance of galea with 1 + 6 spine-like setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 0.6 × length of segment I; outer margin of segment I scattered with robust and pointed setae, apex of inner margin with seven or eight pointed setae, dorsal and ventral surface with pores; segment II with short pointed setae in inner margin, outer margin with long, fine and simple setae. Labium (Figure 6G, H). Glossa basally narrow and longer than paraglossa; inner margin with 14 spine-like setae; apex with three to five spine-like setae; outer margin with many spine-like setae. Ventral surface scattered with few long, fine and simple setae. Paraglossa curved inward; apex with three to five robust and simple setae. Ventrally with few long, fine and simple setae. Labial palp with segment I 1 × length of segments II and III combined; segment I dorsally covered with micropores, near outer margin with robust spine-like setae; ventrally, near inner margin with robust spine-like setae, covered with fine, simple and long setae; segment II without distomedial protuberance; inner and outer margin respectively with eight or nine short spine-like setae and few long, fine and simple setae; dorsally with row of six or seven short spine-like setae; segment III concave; length 1.7 × width; covered with spine-like simple setae along margins and fine, simple setae, scattered over outer surface. Thorax. Light brown. Foreleg (Figure 7A–D) light brown. Ratio of foreleg 1.4: (0.6 mm): 0.7: 0.4. Fore femur. Length about 5.3 × maximum width; dorsally with row of short spine-like setae; apex with two robust spine-like setae; length of setae about 0.1 × maximum width of femur; ventrally with few long, fine simple setae. Anterior surface with robust spine-like setae near dorsal margin and one row of trifid and bifid spine-like setae near ventral margin. Tibia. Dorsally bare; ventrally with one row of short, spine-like setae. Anterior surface with few short, robust spine-like setae. Tarsus. Dorsally bare; ventrally with one row of spine-like setae and trifid spine-like setae. Tarsal claw with two rows of denticles increasing in size distally. Hind leg (Figure 7E–I). Femur with one row of short spine-like setae dorsally and ventrally. Anterior surface with many robust setae near ventral and dorsal margin; posterior surface near ventral margin with one row of robust, curved, pectinate setae. Tibia ventrally with row of spine-like setae. Tarsus, ventrally with one row of spine-like setae, anterior surface with one row of robust bipectinate setae. Abdomen (Figure 8A). Like imago female. Terga. Posterior margin with regular spines, 3 × as long as wide (Figure 8B). Sterna. Surface bare. Gills (Figure 8C–G). Trachea black pigmented, extending from main trunk to outer margin. Gill I subequal in length to segment II, with three folds. Gill IV subequal in length to segment V, with two folds. Gill VII as long as length of segments VIII to half IX combined, with one fold. Paraproct (Figure 8H) with 23–25 marginal spines; surface with micropores and short, fine, simple setae; posterolateral extension with minute marginal spines. Terminal filament (Figure 8J) light brown, with base of segments brown; posterior margin of segments with spines on each segment. Cerci (Figure 8I) with spines on all segments.    Etymology   
 The specific epithet is a reference to the abdominal colour pattern (cruentus, from Latin, meaning “spotted by blood”).    Material examined   
 Holotype. Female imago with corresponding nymphal exuviae, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Iranduba, Janauari Lake (03 ◦ 11 ′ 11.5 ′′ S, 60 ◦ 05 ′ 05.6 ′′ W), 11 / vii / 2008, P. V. Cruz col. (INPA).   
 Paratypes. 19 nymphs and three female imagos reared (with corresponding nymphal exuviae), BRAZIL, Amazonas, Iranduba, Janauari Lake (03 ◦ 11 ′ 11.5 ′′ S, 060 ◦ 05 ′ 05.6 ′′ W), 11 / vii / 2008, P. V. Cruz col. (INPA, CZNC). Two female imagos reared and five nymphs, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Iranduba, Janauari Lake (03 ◦ 11 ′ 11.5 ′′ S, 060 ◦ 05 ′ 05.6 ′′ W), 11 / vii / 2008, P. V. Cruz col. (INPA, CZNC). Two female imagos and two male imagos reared, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Iranduba, Janauari Lake (03 ◦ 11 ′ 11.5 ′′ S, 060 ◦ 05 ′ 05.6 ′′ W), 26 / viii / 2008, P. V. Cruz col. (INPA, CZNC).    Distribution   
Brazil: Amazonas state, Iranduba county.
description: Published as part of Cruz, Paulo Vilela, Salles, Frederico Falcão & Hamada, Neusa, 2013, Callibaetis Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Brazil, pp. 591-660 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (11 - 12) on pages 603-610, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791883, http://zenodo.org/record/5198763