cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reducing mean first passage times with intermittent confining potentials: a realization of resetting processes
Creators: name: Mercado-Vásquez, Gabriel
name: Boyer, Denis
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During a random search, resetting the searcher's position from time to time to the starting point often reduces the mean completion time of the process. Although many different resetting models have been studied over the past ten years, only a few can be physically implemented. Here we study theoretically a protocol that can be realised experimentally and which exhibits unusual optimization properties. A Brownian particle is subject to an arbitrary confining potential $v(x)$ which is switched on and off intermittently at fixed rates. Motion is constrained between an absorbing wall located at the origin and a reflective wall. When the walls are sufficiently far apart, the interplay between free diffusion during the "off" phases and attraction toward the potential minimum during the "on" phases gives rise to rich behaviours, not observed in ideal resetting models. For potentials of the form $v(x)=k|x-x_0|^n/n$, with $n>0$, the switch-on and switch-off rates that minimise the mean first passage time (MFPT) to the origin undergo a continuous phase transition as the potential stiffness $k$ is varied. When $k$ is above a critical value $k_c$, potential intermittency enhances target encounter: the minimal MFPT is lower than the Kramer's time and is attained for a non-vanishing pair of switching rates. We focus on the harmonic case $n=2$, extending previous results for the piecewise linear potential ($n=1$) in unbounded domains. We also study the non-equilibrium stationary states emerging in this process.
description: 6 figures
Engineering 2D Cardiac Tissues Using Biomimetic Protein Micropatterns Based on the Extracellular Matrix in the Embryonic Heart
Creators: name: Batalov, Ivan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the extremely low natural regeneration rate of heart muscle, development of new therapeutics directed towards heart repair is challenging. A potential approach to regenerate damaged heart is offered by cardiac tissue engineering. Specifically, it aims at engineering cardiac muscle in vitro and implanting it into the site of injury so that it can be integrated into the host tissue and restore the heart’s function. To ensure the effectiveness of this technique, the engineered tissue needs to recapitulate structural and functional properties of the native myocardium. Myocardium consists of laminar sheets of uniaxially aligned cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) wrapped around the heart. Therefore, achieving high cardiomyocyte alignment in engineered muscle is crucial. In this study we aimed at stimulating cardiomyocyte alignment by mimicking their niche in the embryonic heart. We hypothesized that recapitulating the extracellular cues that guide myocardial development in the embryo can guide cardiac tissue organization in vitro. To test this hypothesis, we imaged the structure of fibronectin – the most abundant protein in embryonic heart’s extracellular matrix (ECM) – and derived a 2D pattern from it that was then microcontact printed onto a substrate to guide cell alignment. We compared chick cardiomyocyte alignment on the biomimetic pattern and line patterns that have been extensively studied in the past. Results revealed a unique cell density-dependent response of cardiomyocytes to the biomimetic pattern that allowed us to elucidate the role of cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions in cardiomyocyte alignment on fibronectin patterns by looking at the effect of local pattern features on alignment and inhibiting N-cadherin-based cell-cell junctions. Further, to engineer more clinically relevant tissues, we differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into cardiomyocytes and seeded them onto the fibronectin patterns. Cardiac tissues produced with these cells showed significant differences compared to the chick tissues due to their immature phenotype. We showed that co-culture with cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) as well as maturation of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) increased tissue alignment, indicating the important role of both of these factors in developing novel methods to engineer functional cardiac tissues.
Additional file 5 of Acute kidney injury in neurocritical care
Creators: name: Husain-Syed, Faeq
name: Takeuchi, Tomonori
name: Neyra, Javier A.
name: Ramírez-Guerrero, Gonzalo
name: Rosner, Mitchell H.
name: Ronco, Claudio
name: Tolwani, Ashita J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Marine Biology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 5: Appendix Table 4. Characteristics of novel AKI biomarkers.
Zugang zu elektronischen Ressourcen für externe Benutzer in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken
Creators: name: Simanowski, Jörg
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 020 Library & information sciences

description: Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit sind Betrachtungen über die zunehmende Bedeutung elektronischer Ressourcen und die Auswirkung dieser Entwicklung auf eine serviceorientierte, wissenschaftliche Bibliothek. Es folgt die Darstellung der bei der Nutzung elektronischer Ressourcen zu beachtenden rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Im Ergebnis erweist es sich als notwendig, die vorhandenen Lokalen Bibliothekssysteme (LBS) um eine Komponente für einen rollenbasierten Zugang zu elektronischen Ressourcen zu erweitern. Dabei sind Kenntnis und Beachtung der in der Arbeit aufgeführten Rechtsnormen und Lizenzverträge nicht nur für Bibliotheken, sondern generell für alle Einrichtungen der öffentlichen Hand relevant, die Dienstleistungen über einen Zugang zum Internet oder über die Bereitstellung lizenz- und kostenpflichtiger elektronischer Ressourcen für die Öffentlichkeit erbringen. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurde eine entsprechende Erweiterung eines LBS-PICA an der Universitätsbibliothek Rostock implementiert und unter Angabe der wesentlichen Abläufe und Einsatzszenarien sowie eines Aktionsplans für die Einführung dokumentiert. Diese wird neben anderen alternativen, ergänzenden und zukünftigen Lösungen betrachtet und soll einen Einstieg in die Thematik sowie eine Entscheidungshilfe für Planung und Einsatz entsprechender Funktionalitäten und Verfahren sein. Letztlich werden damit Forderungen der DFG umgesetzt, die in den aktuellen Empfehlungen für die Ausstattung von Hochschulbibliotheken mit Lokalen Bibliothekssystemen formuliert sind. Diese Veröffentlichung geht zurück auf eine Master-Arbeit im postgradualen Fernstudiengang Master of Arts (Library and Information Science) an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin im Sommersemester 2008.
How well do we understand the reaction rate of C burning?
Creators: name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Heine, M.
name: Tang, X.D.
name: Pardo, R.C.
name: Ugalde, C.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Hoffman, C.R.
name: Santiago-Gonzalez, D.
name: Courtin, S.
name: Talwar, R.
name: Greene, J.P.
name: Auranen, K.
name: Rehm, K.E.
name: Fruet, G.
name: Deibel, C.M.
name: Back, B.B.
name: Morris, L.G.
name: Montanari, D.
name: Bucher, B.
name: Jenkins, D.G.
name: Kay, B.P.
name: Marley, S.T.
name: Avila, M.L.
name: Carpenter, M.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Bourgin, D.
name: Alcorta, M.
name: Bottoni, S.
name: Albers, M.
name: Henderson, D.J.
name: Bertone, P.
name: Sethi, J.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Haas, F.
name: Almaraz-Calderon, S.
name: Jiang, C.L.
name: Fang, X.
name: Kuvin, S.A.
name: Lefebvre-Schuhl, A.
name: Dickerson, C.
name: Digiovine, B.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
Publisher: name: EDP Sciences
Year: 2017

description: Carbon burning plays a crucial role in stellar evolution, where this reaction is an important route for the production of heavier elements. A particle-γ coincidence technique that minimizes the backgrounds to which this reaction is subject and provides reliable cross sections has been used at the Argonne National Laboratory to measure fusion cross-sections at deep sub-barrier energies in the 12C+12C system. The corresponding excitation function has been extracted down to a cross section of about 6 nb. This indicates the existence of a broad S-factor maximum for this system. Experimental results are presented and discussed.
Computational Performance of a LES Solver for Supersonic Jet Flow Applications
Creators: name: Junqueira-Junior, Carlos
name: Azevedo, Joao Luiz F.
name: Yamouni, Sami
name: Wolf, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An in-house large eddy simulation tool is developed in order to reproduce high fidelity results of compressible jet flows. The large eddy simulation formulation is written using the finite difference approach, with an explicit time integration and using a second order spatial discretization. The energy equation is carefully discretized in order to model the energy equation of the filtered Navier-Stokes formulation. Such nu\-me\-ri\-cal studies are very expensive and demand high performance computing. Message passage interface protocols are implemented into the code in order to perform parallel computations. The present work addresses the computational performance of the solver running on up to 400 processors in parallel. Different mesh configurations, whose size varies from approximately 5.9 million points to approximately 1.0 billion points, are evaluate in the current paper. Speedup and efficiency curves are evaluated in order to assess the strong scalability of the solver.
description: AIAA aviation conference 2017. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2301.00651, arXiv:2212.12365, arXiv:2212.12353
Additional file 1 of A scoping review of resilience among transition-age youth with serious mental illness: tensions, knowledge gaps, and future directions
Creators: name: Nesbitt, Amy E.
name: Sabiston, Catherine M.
name: deJonge, Melissa L.
name: Barbic, Skye P.
name: Kozloff, Nicole
name: Nalder, Emily J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary File 1. PRISMA-ScR Checklist.
Higher-order corrections to spin-orbit and spin-spin tensor interactions in hydrogen molecular ions: theory and application to H$_2^+$
Creators: name: Haidar, Mohammad
name: Korobov, Vladimir I.
name: Hilico, Laurent
name: Karr, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider higher-order corrections to hyperfine coefficients related to the spin-orbit and spin-spin tensor interactions in hydrogen molecular ions. The $mα^7 \ln(α)$-order radiative correction is derived in the NRQED framework. We present complete numerical calculations, including as well the $mα^6$-order relativistic correction, for the case of H$_2^+$. The theoretical uncertainty is reduced by more than one order of magnitude with respect to the Breit-Pauli level, down to a few ppm. We also compare our results with available rf spectroscopy data.
Copyright Violation on the Internet: Extent and Approaches to Detection and Deterrence
Creators: name: Mateus, Alexandre M
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: This research uses data collected from a university campus network via Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) monitoring and from the largest public BitTorrent tracker to characterize the extent of unauthorized transfers of copyrighted content using Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and to evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of DPI in detection of such activity, both to provide a perspective of how much copyright infringement happens using P2P and to inform those seeking to deploy DPI technology.
Use of P2P and transfers of copyrighted content were widespread on campus. In Spring 2008, 40% of students living on campus were detected using a P2P protocol, 70% of which were observed attempting to transfer copyrighted material. In late 2010, we estimate that over 800 million copies of content were transferred globally using BitTorrent per day, with an estimated number of transferred songs 13.1 times greater than worldwide sales of songs, and estimated number of transferred movies 6.8 times greater than worldwide box-office sales and 16.4 times greater than U.S. DVD and Blu-ray sales. Most transfers were from a small number of very popular titles that were widely available for sale. We found no evidence that use of P2P to transfer content without violating copyright was common both on campus and global BitTorrent. This indicates that copyright law is violated frequently using P2P, and while we cannot quantify how P2P transfers translate to lost sales, it is reasonable to assume some sales are lost due to P2P.
Focusing on effectiveness of DPI, after a couple weeks of monitoring DPI found up to 80% of detected P2P users attempting to transfer copyrighted content. In the short term, DPI could be effective to assess which network users transfer copyrighted content using P2P given some weeks of monitoring. However, limitations such as not being able to detect users of encrypted P2P can reduce DPIʼs effectiveness in the long term. Using behavioral classifiers that we implemented and that can detect encrypted BitTorrent from traffic summaries, we found students shifting from unencrypted to encrypted BitTorrent in the 2007-2008 academic year. If this trend continues, effectiveness of DPI for enforcement can be significantly hindered
Discrete symmetries in the heterotic-string landscape
Creators: name: Athanasopoulos, Panos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new type of discrete symmetry that relates heterotic-string models. It is based on the spectral flow operator which normally acts within a general N=(2,2) model and we use this operator to construct a map between N=(2,0) models. The landscape of N=(2,0) models is of particular interest among all heterotic-string models for two important reasons: Firstly, N=1 spacetime SUSY requires (2,0) superconformal invariance and secondly, models with the well motivated by the Standard Model SO(10) unification structure are of this type. This idea was inspired by a new discrete symmetry in the space of fermionic $\mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}_2$ heterotic-string models that exchanges the spinors and vectors of the SO(10) GUT group, dubbed spinor-vector duality. We will describe how to generalize this to arbitrary internal rational Conformal Field Theories.
description: Contribution to the Proceedings of the "Discrete 2014" Conference at KCL, London, UK, December 2014
Dissecting the active galactic nucleus in Circinus IV. MUSE NFM observations unveil a tuning-fork ionised gas morphology
Creators: name: Kakkad, D.
name: Stalevski, M.
name: Kishimoto, M.
name: Knežević, S.
name: Asmus, D.
name: Vogt, F. P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the ionised gas outflow morphology in the Circinus galaxy using the Narrow Field Mode (NFM) of the MUSE instrument on board the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The NFM observations provide a spatial resolution of $\sim$0.1", corresponding to a physical scale of $\sim$2 pc, one of the highest spatial resolution achievable using ground-based AO-assisted observations in the optical wavelengths. The MUSE observations reveal a collimated clumpy outflow profile originating near the AGN location and extending up to 1.5" ($\sim$30 pc) in the NW direction. The collimated structure then fragments into two filaments, giving the entire outflowing gas a ``tuning-fork'' morphology. These structures remain undetected in the lower spatial resolution MUSE Wide Field Mode data. We explain the origin of this tuning-fork structure to the interaction of the outflow with a dense clump in the interstellar medium (ISM) as the outflow propagates outward. The origin of the collimated structure itself could be from jet-ISM interactions on small scales. These observations also provide evidence to the origin of the ionised gas filaments previously observed in the Circinus galaxy out to kiloparsec scales. We find instantaneous and time-averaged mass outflow rates of 10$^{-2}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ and 10$^{-4}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, respectively. Based on the star formation rate in the Circinus galaxy reported in the literature, the observed ionised outflows are not expected to regulate star formation within the $\sim$100 pc scales probed by the NFM data.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Searching for Transit Timing Variations and Fitting a New Ephemeris to Transits of TrES-1 b
Creators: name: Yeung, Paige
name: Perian, Quinn
name: Robertson, Peyton
name: Fitzgerald, Michael
name: Fowler, Martin
name: Sienkiewicz, Frank
name: Tock, Kalée
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the light an exoplanet blocks from its host star as it passes in front of it during a transit, the mid-transit time can be determined. Periodic variations in mid-transit times can indicate another planet's gravitational influence. We investigate 83 transits of TrES-1 b as observed from 6-inch telescopes in the MicroObservatory robotic telescope network. The EXOTIC data reduction pipeline is used to process these transits, fit transit models to light curves, and calculate transit midpoints. This paper details the methodology for analyzing transit timing variations (TTVs) and using transit measurements to maintain ephemerides. The application of Lomb-Scargle period analysis for studying the plausibility of TTVs is explained. The analysis of the resultant TTVs from 46 transits from MicroObservatory and 47 transits from archival data in the Exoplanet Transit Database indicated the possible existence of other planets affecting the orbit of TrES-1 and improved the precision of the ephemeris by one order of magnitude. We now estimate the ephemeris to be $(2455489.66026 \text{ BJD}_\text{TDB} \pm 0.00044 \text{ d}) + (3.0300689 \pm 0.0000007)\text{ d} \times \text{epoch}$. This analysis also demonstrates the role of small telescopes in making precise mid-transit time measurements, which can be used to help maintain ephemerides and perform TTV analysis. The maintenance of ephemerides allows for an increased ability to optimize telescope time on large ground-based telescopes and space telescope missions.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted by JKAS
Decision Diagrams for Combinatorial Optimization and Satisfaction
Creators: name: Kell, Brian
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this thesis we develop techniques for applying binary decision diagrams (BDDs) and multivalued decision diagrams (MDDs) to combinatorial optimization and satisfaction problems, in particular multidimensional bin packing problems and the Boolean satisfiability problem. In the multidimensional bin packing problem, each bin has a multidimensional capacity and each item has an associated multidimensional size. We develop several MDD representations for this problem and explore different MDD construction methods including a new heuristic-driven depth-first compilation scheme. We also derive MDD restrictions and relaxations, using a novel application of a clustering algorithm to identify approximate equivalence classes among MDD nodes. Our experimental results show that these techniques can significantly outperform solvers using current constraint programming and mixed-integer programming methods. The Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem is the problem of determining whether a given propositional formula defined on a set of Boolean variables has a satisfying assignment, that is, an assignment of truth values to the variables that makes the formula true. We present a generic method for deducing valid clauses from a SAT instance using BDDs, with the aim of finding clauses that are bottlenecks for SAT solvers using conflict-directed clause learning. We formally characterize the strength of these generated clauses and show that any clause learned from SAT conflict analysis can also be generated using our method, while our method can additionally generate stronger clauses than those that are derivable using one application of conflict analysis. The method remains valid for approximate BDDs, which is important for SAT instances that are too large for an exact BDD representation. Our experimental results show that the clauses generated from BDDs can signicantly reduce the numbers of decisions and conflicts encountered by a SAT solver. In order to extend these clause generation techniques to larger SAT instances, we propose several methods to decompose a SAT instance into smaller subinstances. These methods are based on the identification of clauses that arise from the application of the widely used Tseitin transformation, the analysis of the structure of the constraint graph corresponding to the instance, and the modeling of the instance as a resistive electrical network. Preliminary experiments demonstrate that these techniques are promising areas for future research.
A correlation between Ha trough depth and inclination in quiescent X-ray transients: evidence for a low-mass black hole in GRO J0422+32
Creators: name: Casares, J.
name: Muñoz-Darias, T.
name: Torres, M. A. P.
name: Sanchez, D. Mata
name: Britt, C. T.
name: Padilla, M. Armas
name: Alvarez-Hernandez, A.
name: Cuneo, V. A.
name: Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez
name: Jimenez-Ibarra, F.
name: Jonker, P. G.
name: Panizo-Espinar, G.
name: Sanchez-Sierras, J.
name: Yanes-Rizo, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method to derive binary inclinations in quiescent black hole (BH) X-ray transients (XRTs), based on the depth of the trough (T) from double-peaked Ha emission profiles arising in accretion discs. We find that the inclination angle (i) is linearly correlated with T in phase-averaged spectra with sufficient orbital coverage (>~50 per cent) and spectral resolution, following i (deg)=93.5 x T +23.7. The correlation is caused by a combination of line opacity and local broadening, where a leading (excess broadening) component scales with the de-projected velocity of the outer disc. Interestingly, such scaling allows to estimate the fundamental ratio M1/Porb by simply resolving the intrinsic width of the double-peak profile. We apply the T-i correlation to derive binary inclinations for GRO J0422+32 and Swift J1357-0933, two BH XRTs where strong flickering activity has hindered determining their values through ellipsoidal fits to photometric light curves. Remarkably, the inclination derived for GRO J0422+32 (i=55.6+-4.1) implies a BH mass of 2.7+0.7-0.5 Msun thus placing it within the gap that separates BHs from neutron stars. This result proves that low-mass BHs exist in nature and strongly suggests that the so-called "mass gap" is mainly produced by low number statistics and possibly observational biases. On the other hand, we find that Swift J1357-0933 contains a 10.9+1.7-1.6 Msun BH seen nearly edge on (i=87.4+2.6-5.6 deg). Such extreme inclination, however, should be treated with caution since it relies on extrapolating the T-i correlation beyond i>~75 deg, where it has not yet been tested.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 21 pages, 15 figures, 6 Tables; references and typos corrected
Additional file 1 of Current evidence for designing self-management support for underserved populations: an integrative review using the example of diabetes
Creators: name: Litchfield, Ian
name: Barrett, Tim
name: Hamilton-Shield, Julian
name: Moore, Theresa
name: Narendran, Parth
name: Redwood, Sabi
name: Searle, Aidan
name: Uday, Suma
name: Wheeler, Jess
name: Greenfield, Sheila
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Aging Scaled Brownian Motion
Creators: name: Safdari, H.
name: Chechkin, A. V.
name: Jafari, G. R.
name: Metzler, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scaled Brownian motion (SBM) is widely used to model anomalous diffusion of passive tracers in complex and biological systems. It is a highly non-stationary process governed by the Langevin equation for Brownian motion, however, with a power-law time dependence of the noise strength. Here we study the aging properties of SBM for both unconfined and confined motion. Specifically, we derive the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements and analyze their behavior in the regimes of weak, intermediate, and strong aging. A very rich behavior is revealed for confined aging SBM depending on different aging times and whether the process is sub- or superdiffusive. We demonstrate that the information on the aging factorizes with respect to the lag time and exhibits a functional form, that is identical to the aging behavior of scale free continuous time random walk processes. While SBM exhibits a disparity between ensemble and time averaged observables and is thus weakly non-ergodic, strong aging is shown to effect a convergence of the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacement. Finally, we derive the density of first passage times in the semi-infinite domain that features a crossover defined by the aging time.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, REVTeX
Direct MicroRNA Detection Using Kilobase DNA Nantoags In Rapid Gel- Free Electrophoresis
Creators: name: Goldman, Johnathan M.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: The abnormal expression of microRNA (miRNA) within tissues has been linked to the onset of many diseases and cancers. The ability to employ miRNA as biomarkers for disease requires sensitive, high-throughput detection, ideally without expensive indirect enzymatic processing. We present our development of a direct, sensitive sandwich hybridization miRNA detection assay. We achieve hybridization of two probes to the short miRNA targets using high affinity PEG γ- carbon modified peptide nucleic acid amphiphiles (γPNAA). The γPNAA enables hybridization of a second, highly fluorescent DNA probe stained with intercalating dye, termed a nanotag, for sensitive detection of the low abundance miRNAs. Upon hybridization of both probes, an electrophoretic mobility shift is measured via interaction of the hydrocarbon modification of the γPNAA with non-ionic surfactant micelles in a capillary electrophoresis running buffer, a technique known as micelle end-labeled free-solution electrophoresis (ELFSE). We demonstrate multiplexed detection of 6 let-7 miRNAs in 4 minutes, excellent selectivity against G-T wobble base-pair single base mismatches between let-7 miRNAs, and 100pM detection limits using our method. In an effort to increase detection sensitivity closer to those required for trace miRNA concentrations (fM), we have investigated the use of isotachophoretic injections and longer nanotags. Although longer nanotags can accommodate a greater amount of fluorescent dye for enhanced signal, they are a challenge to separate by micelle ELFSE. The longer DNA lengths overcome the additional friction of the transiently attached micelle and return to the inseparable freesolution limit. We find that n-alkyl polyoxyethylene ether surfactant (CiEj) wormlike micelles yield high drag forces on the electrophoresing DNAs, appearing to be ideal for large nanotag separations. However, micelle-micelle interaction at moderate concentrations leads to a background sieving network that reduces ELFSE separation efficiency for long DNAs. We propose new constitutive models that accurately capture the behavior of long DNA lengths in these micelle networks. We demonstrate optimization of surfactant buffers to achieve separation of 1-10 kilobase DNA in 3 minutes and increase DNA sequencing length of reads by refining the degree of micelle-micelle interaction. Finally, we demonstrate micelle ELFSE separations on a microchip format for dramatically reduced separation times.
Strong Coupling Between P1 Diamond Impurity Centres and 3D Lumped Photonic Microwave Cavity
Creators: name: Creedon, Daniel L.
name: Floch, Jean-Michel Le
name: Goryachev, Maxim
name: Farr, Warrick G.
name: Castelletto, Stefania
name: Tobar, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report strong coupling between an ensemble of N impurity (P1) centres in diamond and microwave photons using a unique double post re-entrant cavity. The cavity is designed so that the magnetic component of the cavity field is spatially separated from the electric component and focused into the small volume in which the diamond sample is mounted. The novelty of the structure simultaneously allows high magnetic filling factor (38.4\%) and low frequencies necessary to interact, at low magnetic field, with transitions in diamond such as those in NV$^{-}$ and P1 centres. Coupling strength (or normal-mode splitting) of 51.42 MHz, was achieved with P1 centres at 6.18 GHz and 220 mT in a centimetre-scale cavity, with a corresponding cooperativity factor of 4.7. This technique offers an alternative way, with some significant advantages, to couple 3D cavities to transitions in diamond and achieve the strong coupling necessary for applications to quantum information processing.
Fast timing measurement using an labr3(Ce) scintillator detector array coupled with gammasphere
Creators: name: Smolen, M.
name: Pucknell, V.
name: Ilieva, S.
name: Lane, G.J.
name: Burrows, I.
name: Greene, J.P.
name: Rohrer, J.
name: Carmona Gallardo, M.
name: Kröll, T.
name: Grant, A.
name: Copp, P.
name: Shand, C.M.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Guegi, L.A.
name: Podolyak, Zs.
name: Lotay, G.
name: Yordanov, O.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Sethi, J.
name: Anderson, J.T.
name: Bottoni, S.
name: Stefanova, E.
name: Regan, P.H.
name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Lazarus, I.
name: Ilieva, R.
name: Hartley, D.
name: Fernandez Martinez, G.
name: Vedia, V.
name: Berry, T.
name: Fraile, L.
name: Daniel, T.
name: Carroll, R.
name: Kondev, F.G.
name: Reed, M.
name: Rudigier, M.
name: Cullen, D.
name: Lalkovski, S.
name: Simpson, J.
name: Carpenter, M.
name: Gamba, E.R.
name: Bruce, A.M.
Publisher: name: Jagellonian University
Year: 2017

description: A fast-timing experiment was performed at the Argonne National Laboratory in December 2015 and January 2016, measuring decay radiation of fission products from a 252Cf fission source. Details of the set-up, integration with Digital Gammasphere, and the data acquisition system are presented. The timing performance of the set-up, capable of measuring lifetimes from the nanosecond region down to tens of picoseconds, is discussed. First preliminary results from the fast-timing analysis of the fission fragment data are presented.
MPEC 2023-O111 : 2021 NX
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Integrable and superintegrable 3d Newtonian potentials using quadratic first integrals: A review
Creators: name: Mitsopoulos, Antonios
name: Tsamparlis, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The determination of the first integrals (FIs) of a dynamical system and the subsequent assessment of their integrability or superintegrability in a systematic way is still an open subject. One method which has been developed along these lines for second order autonomous dynamical systems is the so-called direct method. According to this method, one assumes a general functional form for the FI I and requires the condition dI/dt=0 along the dynamical equations. This results to a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) to which one adds the necessary integrability conditions of the involved scalar quantities. It is found that the final system of PDEs breaks into two sets: a. One set containing geometric elements only and b. A second set with geometric and dynamical quantities. Then, provided the geometric quantities are known or can be found, one uses the second set to compute the FIs and, accordingly, assess on the integrability of the dynamical system. The solution of the system of PDEs for quadratic FIs (QFIs) has been given in a recent paper J. Math. Phys. 61, 122701 (2020). In the present work, we consider the application of this solution to Newtonian autonomous conservative dynamical systems with three degrees of freedom, and compute integrable and superintegrable potentials whose integrability is determined via autonomous and time-dependent QFIs. The geometric elements of these systems are the ones of the Euclidean space which are known. Setting various values for the parameters determining the geometric elements, we determine in a systematic way all known integrable and superintegrable potentials in E3 together with new ones. For easy reference, the results are collected in tables so that the present work may act as an updated review on the subject of second order integrable/superintegrable potentials in E3.
description: 48 pages
SDSS J083253.18+064316.7: one strange object with double-peaked narrow Hαbut single-peaked narrow Hβ
Creators: name: Zhang, XueGuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we firstly report one unique object SDSS J0832+0643 with particular features of narrow balmer emission lines: double-peaked narrow Hαbut single-peaked narrow Hβ. The particular features can not be expected by currently proposed kinematic models for double-peaked narrow emission lines, because the proposed kinematic models lead to similar line profiles of narrow balmer emission lines. However, due to radiative transfer effects, the non-kinematic model can be naturally applied to well explain the particular features of narrow balmer emission lines: larger optical depth in Hαthan 10 leads to observed double-peaked narrow Hα, but smaller optical depth in Hβaround 2 leads to observed single-peaked narrow Hβ. Therefore, SDSS J0832+0643 can be used as strong evidence to support the non-kinematic model for double-peaked narrow emission lines.
description: 5 pages, 1 table, 4 figures, accepted and to be published in MNRAS Letter
First direct observation of enhanced octupole collectivity in 146Ba
Creators: name: Seweryniak, D.
name: Buckner, M.Q.
name: Ayangeakaa, A.D.
name: Carpenter, M.P.
name: Kondev, F.G.
name: Crawford, H.L.
name: Kay, B.P.
name: Hayes, A.B.
name: MacChiavelli, A.O.
name: David, H.M.
name: Clark, J.A.
name: Hoffman, C.R.
name: Pardo, R.C.
name: Vondrasek, R.
name: Cline, D.
name: Janssens, R.V.F.
name: Harker, J.
name: Savard, G.
name: Lauritsen, T.
name: Wu, C.Y.
name: Bucher, B.
name: Campbell, C.M.
name: Zhu, S.
name: Dickerson, C.
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Science (PoS)
Year: 2016

description: The octupole strength present in the neutron-rich, radiocative nucleus 146Ba has been experimentally determined for the first time using Coulomb excitation. To achieve this, A=146 fission fragments from CARIBU were post-accelerated by the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) and impinged on a thin 208Pb target. Using the GRETINA γ-ray spectrometer and the CHICO2 heavy-ion counter, the reduced transition probability B(E3; 3-→0+) was determined as 48(+21-29) W.u. The new result provides further experimental evidence for the presence of a region of octupole deformation surrounding the neutron-rich barium isotopes.
Additional file 4 of Ecological correlates of cranial evolution in the megaradiation of dipsadine snakes
Creators: name: Pandelis, Gregory G.
name: Grundler, Michael C.
name: Rabosky, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. Variance explained by the first ten PC axes across skull modules, for the full 160 species dataset. Note that variance explained for most skull modules, even those with high numbers of landmarks, drops significantly after PC4. Fig. S1. A snapshot of the ecological diversity of the Dipsadine mega-radiation with taxon labels. Fig. S2. Principal components of shape (PC1, PC2) in three modules: non-trophic (A), maxilla (B), ectopterygoid (C), with respect to proportional diet composition, illustrated as pie-chart points. Fig. S3. Principal components of shape (PC1, PC2) in three modules: supratemporal (A), quadrate (B), mandible (C), with respect to proportional diet composition, illustrated as pie-chart points. Fig. S4. Principal components of shape (PC1, PC2) in two modules: pterygoid (top) and palatine (bottom) with respect to proportional diet composition, illustrated as pie-chart points. Fig. S5. P-values from gls (nlme) analyses of real datasets with true corresponding ecological data (left), those from analyses of real datasets paired with randomly permuted ecological data (middle), and those from analyses of BM-simulated shape data paired with randomly permuted ecological data (right). P-values are lower than expected for randomly permuted real datasets, an issue exacerbated with increased sample size. Retaining everything constant but simulating the shape data under BM produces expected p-values. Fig. S6. Allometry plots (regression of size against shape) in four modules: non-trophic (A), maxilla (B), ectopterygoid (C), and supratemporal (D) with respect to habitat use (1) and primary diet (2). Allometry appears to be the strongest in the non-trophic module, with looser allometric relationships visible in the maxilla and supratemporal. A rough pattern of isometry is visible in the ectopterygoid. Fig. S7 . Allometry plots (regression of size against shape) in four modules: quadrate (A), mandible (B), pterygoid (C), and palatine (D) with respect to habitat use (1) and primary diet (2). Allometry appears to be the strongest in the quadrate and mandible, with a looser pattern between size and shape in the pterygoid and palatine.
Giant radio galaxies in the LoTSS Boötes deep field
Creators: name: Simonte, Marco
name: Andernach, Heinz
name: Brüggen, Marcus
name: Schwarz, Dominik
name: Prandoni, Isabella
name: Willis, Anthony G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Giant radio galaxies (GRGs) are radio galaxies that have projected linear extents of more than 700 kpc or 1 Mpc, depending on definition. We have carried out a careful visual inspection in search of GRGs of the Bootes LOFAR Deep Field (BLDF) image at 150 MHz. We identified 74 GRGs with a projected size larger than 0.7 Mpc of which 38 are larger than 1 Mpc. The resulting GRG sky density is about 2.8 (1.43) GRGs per square degree for GRGs with linear size larger than 0.7 (1) Mpc. We studied their radio properties and the accretion state of the host galaxies using deep optical and infrared survey data and determined flux densities for these GRGs from available survey images at both 54 MHz and 1.4 GHz to obtain integrated radio spectral indices. We show the location of the GRGs in the P-D diagram. The accretion mode onto the central black holes of the GRG hosts is radiatively inefficient suggesting that the central engines are not undergoing massive accretion at the time of the emission. Interestingly, 14 out of 35 GRGs for which optical spectra are available show a moderate star formation rate. Based on the number density of optical galaxies taken from the DESI DR9 photometric redshift catalogue, we found no significant differences between the environments of GRGs and other radio galaxies, at least for redshift up to z = 0.7.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 23 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables
Transformation of a single photon field into bunches of pulses
Creators: name: Shakhmuratov, R. N.
name: Vagizov, F. G.
name: Antonov, V. A.
name: Radeonychev, Y. V.
name: Kocharovskaya, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method to transform a single photon field into bunches of pulses with controllable timing and number of pulses in a bunch. This method is based on transmission of a photon through an optically thick single-line absorber vibrated with a frequency appreciably exceeding the width of the absorption line. The spectrum of the quasi-monochromatic incoming photon is 'seen' by the vibrated absorber as a comb of equidistant spectral components separated by the vibration frequency. Tuning the absorber in resonance with m-th spectral component transforms the output radiation into bunches of pulses with m pulses in each bunch. We experimentally demonstrated the proposed technique with single 14.4 keV photons and produced for the first time gamma-photonic time-bin qudits with dimension d=2m.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, and Supplemental Material (15 pages and 9 figures)
Finding the birthplace of HMXBs in the Galaxy using Gaia EDR3: kinematical age determination through orbit integration
Creators: name: Fortin, Francis
name: Garcia, Federico
name: Chaty, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs) are produced after the first supernova event in a massive binary. These objects are intrinsically young, and can suffer from a significant natal kick. As such, the progenitors of HMXBs are likely to have formed away from the current location of the X-ray emitting systems. We aim to find the birthplace of the known HMXBs of our Milky Way. Specifically, we want to answer the question whether the formation of HMXBs can be associated to open stellar clusters and/or Galactic spiral structures, and infer from that the time elapsed since the first supernova event. We use astrometric data from the Gaia EDR3 to initialize the position and velocity of each known HMXBs from the Galaxy, and integrate their motion back in time. In parallel, we perform the same calculations on a sample of 1381 open clusters detected by Gaia as well as for four Galactic spiral arms which shape and motion have also been recently modelled using Gaia data. We report on all the encounter candidates between HMXBs and clusters or spiral arms in the past 100 Myr. In our sample of 26 HMXBs, we infer that 7 were born in clusters, 8 were born near a Galactic spiral arm, and conclude that 7 others could have formed isolated. The birthplaces of the remaining 4 HMXBs are still inconclusive due to a combination of great distance, poor astrometric data and lack of known open cluster in the vicinity. We provide the kinematical age since supernova of 15 HMXBs. The astrometry from Gaia and the orbit integration we employ are effective at finding the birthplaces of HMXBs in the Milky Way. By considering the biases in our data and method, we find it is likely that the progenitors of HMXBs preferentially formed alongside other massive stars in open clusters.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Exploring the SMEFT at dimension-8 with Drell-Yan transverse momentum measurements
Creators: name: Boughezal, Radja
name: Huang, Yingsheng
name: Petriello, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that measurements of the neutral-current Drell-Yan transverse momentum distribution binned in invariant mass are sensitive to unexplored dimension-8 parameters of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). These distributions are sensitive to four-fermion operators with additional QCD field strength tensors. The determination of the Wilson coefficients of these operators provides a useful diagnostic tool that distinguishes possible ultraviolet completions of the SMEFT. We study how well these effects can be probed by current LHC data, and explore the sensitivity of the future high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) to these operators. We find that the HL-LHC data has the potential to strongly probe this sector of the SMEFT.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables
Higher order first integrals of autonomous dynamical systems in terms of geometric symmetries
Creators: name: Mitsopoulos, Antonios
name: Tsamparlis, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In general, a system of differential equations is integrable if there exist `sufficiently many' first integrals (FIs) so that its solution can be found by means of quadratures. Therefore, the determination of the FIs is an important issue in order to establish the integrability of a dynamical system. In this work, we consider holonomic autonomous dynamical systems defined by equations $\ddot{q}^{a}= -Γ_{bc}^{a}(q) \dot{q}^{b}\dot{q}^{c} -Q^{a}(q)$ where $Γ^{a}_{bc}(q)$ are the coefficients of a symmetric (possibly non-metrical) connection and $-Q^{a}(q)$ are the generalized forces. We prove a theorem which produces the FIs of any order of such systems in terms of the `symmetries' of the geometry defined by the quantities $Γ_{bc}^{a}(q)$. We apply the theorem to compute quadratic and cubic FIs of various dynamical systems.
description: 8 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2110.02326
Higgs boson contribution to the leading two-loop Yukawa corrections to $gg\to HH$
Creators: name: Davies, Joshua
name: Mishima, Go
name: Schönwald, Kay
name: Steinhauser, Matthias
name: Zhang, Hantian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically compute two-loop Yukawa corrections to Higgs boson pair production in the high-energy limit. Such corrections are generated by an exchange of a Higgs boson between the virtual top quark lines. We propose two approaches to obtain expansions of the massive two-loop box integrals and show that precise results are obtained for transverse momenta of the Higgs bosons above about 150 GeV. We discuss in detail the computation of all 140 master integrals and present analytic results.
description: 39 pages