cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Administration in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1899-1916.
Creators: name: Warburg, Gabriel R.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1968

description: This thesis studies the establishment and development of administration in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, from the signing of the Condominium Agreement in January 1899, until the end of Wingate's governor-generalship in December 1916. The role of the governor-general and of his principal assistants is examined in the introduction and in the first three chapters. Kitchener, who was governor-general in 1899, formulated some of the policies of the new administration but had neither the time nor the patience to implement them. During the next seventeen years Wingate served as governor-general of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. With the collaboration of Slatin, and a handful of British officials, Wingate determined and implemented administrative policies with little interference by the British or Egyptian governments. The only effective control over the Sudan administration was that of the British consuls-general in Egypt. After Cromer's resignation in 1907, even this supervision tended to diminish and reached its lowest ebb under Kitchener and McMahon in 1911-1916. The predominant role of the British administrators is clearly demonstrated in chapters four and five, which analyse the structure of the new administration and of its personnel. The remaining five chapters examine and evaluate the most important aspects of administrative policy in the Sudan. The government's religious policy developed upon separate lines in the northern and southern regions of the Sudan. In the Muslim north the dominant position of Islam was preserved, wheress in the pagan south an anti-Islamic policy was pursued from 1910, and government support was extended to missionary societies. The administration of justice and tribal policy aimed at pacifying the country and at establishing a religious and tribal leadership associated with the government. While achieving a large measure of success with regard to religious leadership, the government's tribal policy undermined the authority of tribal leaders, which had already been weakened during the Mahdia, and in consequence had to be revised. The last two chapters examine spheres of policy which were largely connected with the economic stability of the Sudan. The system of land settlement and the insistence on a low rate of taxation, enabled the small landowners to cultivate their lands while avoiding the hazards of land alienation. The toleration of domestic and agricultural slavery, combined with the organization of labour, enabled the government to undertake the development of the country's economy and communications without disrupting its socio-economic structure.
The Role of Neutral Sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM2) in the Control of Neutral Lipid Storage in T Cells
Creators: name: Schempp, Rebekka
name: Eilts, Janna
name: Schöl, Marie
name: Grijalva Yépez, Maria Fernanda
name: Fekete, Agnes
name: Wigger, Dominik
name: Schumacher, Fabian
name: Kleuser, Burkhard
name: Ham, Marco Van
name: Jänsch, Lothar
name: Sauer, Markus
name: Avota, Elita
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM2)
subject: lipid droplet (LD)
subject: plasma membrane (PM)
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: The accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) and ceramides (Cer) is linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), regularly co-existing with type 2 diabetes and decreased immune function. Chronic inflammation and increased disease severity in viral infections are the hallmarks of the obesity-related immunopathology. The upregulation of neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM2) has shown to be associated with the pathology of obesity in tissues. Nevertheless, the role of sphingolipids and specifically of NSM2 in the regulation of immune cell response to a fatty acid (FA) rich environment is poorly studied. Here, we identified the presence of the LD marker protein perilipin 3 (PLIN3) in the intracellular nano-environment of NSM2 using the ascorbate peroxidase APEX2-catalyzed proximity-dependent biotin labeling method. In line with this, super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) shows NSM2 and PLIN3 co-localization in LD organelles in the presence of increased extracellular concentrations of oleic acid (OA). Furthermore, the association of enzymatically active NSM2 with isolated LDs correlates with increased Cer levels in these lipid storage organelles. NSM2 enzymatic activity is not required for NSM2 association with LDs, but negatively affects the LD numbers and cellular accumulation of long-chain unsaturated triacylglycerol (TAG) species. Concurrently, NSM2 expression promotes mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in response to increased OA levels, thereby shifting cells to a high energetic state. Importantly, endogenous NSM2 activity is crucial for primary human CD4+ T cell survival and proliferation in a FA rich environment. To conclude, our study shows a novel NSM2 intracellular localization to LDs and the role of enzymatically active NSM2 in metabolic response to enhanced FA concentrations in T cells.
supplementary_figures – Supplemental material for Interdependence in Health and Functioning Among Older Spousal Caregivers and Care Recipients
Creators: name: Hoffman, Geoffrey J.
name: Burgard, Sarah
name: Mendez-Luck, Carolyn A.
name: Gaugler, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, supplementary_figures for Interdependence in Health and Functioning Among Older Spousal Caregivers and Care Recipients by Geoffrey J. Hoffman, Sarah Burgard, Carolyn A. Mendez-Luck and Joseph E. Gaugler in Western Journal of Nursing Research
title: Supernatural elements in No drama.
Creators: name: Ito, Setsuko
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1969

description: One of the most neglected areas of research in the field of No drama is its use of supernatural elements, in particular the calling up of the spirit or ghost of a dead person which is found in a large number (more than half) of the No plays at present performed. In these 'spirit plays', the summoning of the spirit is typically done by a travelling priest (the waki). He meets a local person (the mae-shite) who tells him the story for which the place is famous and then reappears in the second half of the.play,as the main person in the story (the nochi-shite), now long since dead. This thesis sets out to show something of the circumstances from which this unique form of drama was developed. It gives a brief comment of the literary, social and religious background against which No drama of we consider it today arose around the middle of the 14th century; and more specifically, it describes the traditional concept of rapport between this world and the other by focussing attention on miko in their function as mediums and by comparing the three-element framework of the spirit play in No with a similar arrangement in a traditional method of summoning spirits; and on the drama side, it considers various types of early entertainments and drama (such as Kagura, Shushi Sarugaku, Ennen and Dengaku) which could have founded inspiration on models for the spirit play form in Sarugaku No. Indications of the date and originators of the use of the spirit-play form in No are sought by considering the authorship of early No plays, especially those attributed to Kanami (1333-1384) and Zeami (1363-1443). Finally, it shows how supernatural beings other than ghosts could be dealt with in No by analyzing the treatment of one such character, the angel in the play Hagoromo.
Designing Moiré Patterns by Strain
Creators: name: Escudero, Federico
name: Sinner, Andreas
name: Zhan, Zhen
name: Pantaleón, Pierre A.
name: Guinea, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments conducted on two-dimensional twisted materials have revealed a plethora of moiré patterns with different forms and shapes. The formation of these patterns is usually attributed to the presence of small strains in the samples, which typically arise during their fabrication. In this work we find that the superlattice structure of such systems actually depends crucially on the interplay between twist and strain. For systems composed of honeycomb lattices, we show that this can lead to the formation of practically any moiré geometry, even if each lattice is only slightly distorted. As a result, we show that under strain the moiré Brillouin zone is not a stretched irregular hexagon, but rather a primitive cell that changes according to the geometry of the strained moiré vectors. We identify the conditions for the formation of hexagonal moiré patterns arising solely due to shear or biaxial strain, thus opening the possibility of engineering moiré patterns solely by strain. Moreover, we study the electronic properties in such moiré patterns and find that the strain tends to suppress the formation of the flat moiré bands, even in the strain-induced hexagonal patterns analogous to those obtained by the twist only. Our work explains the plethora of moiré patterns observed in experiments, and provides a solid theoretical foundation from which one can design moiré patterns by strain.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures. Accepted version
Quantifying maternal investment in mammals using allometry
Creators: name: Huijsmans, Tim E.R.G.
name: Courtiol, Alexandre
name: Soom, Ann Van
name: Smits, Katrien
name: Rousset, Francois
name: Wauters, Jella
name: Hildebrandt, Thomas B.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Animal physiology
subject: Evolutionary developmental biology
subject: mammals
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Maternal investment influences the survival and reproduction of both mothers and their progeny and plays a crucial role in understanding individuals’ life-history and population ecology. To reveal the complex mechanisms associated with reproduction and investment, it is necessary to examine variations in maternal investment across species. Comparisons across species call for a standardised method to quantify maternal investment, which remained to be developed. This paper addresses this limitation by introducing the maternal investment metric – MI – for mammalian species, established through the allometric scaling of the litter mass at weaning age by the adult mass and investment duration (i.e. gestation + lactation duration) of a species. Using a database encompassing hundreds of mammalian species, we show that the metric is not highly sensitive to the regression method used to fit the allometric relationship or to the proxy used for adult body mass. The comparison of the maternal investment metric between mammalian subclasses and orders reveals strong differences across taxa. For example, our metric confirms that Eutheria have a higher maternal investment than Metatheria. We discuss how further research could use the maternal investment metric as a valuable tool to understand variation in reproductive strategies.
Device-independent quantum key distribution with arbitrarily small nonlocality
Creators: name: Wooltorton, Lewis
name: Brown, Peter
name: Colbeck, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) allows two users to set up shared cryptographic key without the need to trust the quantum devices used. Doing so requires nonlocal correlations between the users. However, in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 050503 (2021)] it was shown that for known protocols nonlocality is not always sufficient, leading to the question of whether there is a fundamental lower bound on the minimum amount of nonlocality needed for any DIQKD implementation. Here we show that no such bound exists, giving schemes that achieve key with correlations arbitrarily close to the local set. Furthermore, some of our constructions achieve the maximum of 1 bit of key per pair of entangled qubits. We achieve this by studying a family of Bell-inequalities that constitute all self-tests of the maximally entangled state with a single linear Bell expression. Within this family there exist non-local correlations with the property that one pair of inputs yield outputs arbitrarily close to perfect key. Such correlations exist for a range of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) values, including those arbitrarily close to the classical bound. Finally, we show the existence of quantum correlations that can generate both perfect key and perfect randomness simultaneously, whilst also displaying arbitrarily small CHSH violation; this opens up the possibility of a new class of cryptographic protocol.
description: 5 + 15 pages, 2 figures v3: minor updates
title: The influence of received pronunciation on a West Cumbrian speaker of English provincial standard.
Creators: name: Fashola, Joan B.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1970

description: This is a study of the influence of received pronunciation on a speaker from Workington, Cumberland. His speech is described as occupying a position between received pronunciation and the more conservative Workington speech norm. In this regard he is contrasted with a second Workington man, of identical background, and their status as typical Workington speakers is established by means of a questionnaire. Attention is limited to differing phonetic realisations of the same vowel phonemes, noted impressionistically and supported by accompanying acoustic analysis. Exemplification is provided by a tape-recording of the same passage spoken by the two informants with a transcription of the passage showing linguistic innovation. The process of change is observed both within the confines of the structural patterning of the idiolect under investigation and the wider linguistic context of the community in which it is spoken. Simultaneous with the presentation of the material the discussion of different theoretical frameworks within which various statements in the field of dialect studies have been made, serves to compare their relative merits and summarize current trends of thought.
Synchronous timing of return to breeding sites in a long-distance migratory seabird with ocean-scale variation in migration schedules
Creators: name: Bemmelen, Rob S. A. Van
name: Moe, Børge
name: Schekkerman, Hans
name: Hansen, Sveinn Are
name: Snell, Katherine R. S.
name: Humphreys, Elizabeth M.
name: Mäntylä, Elina
name: Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor
name: Gilg, Olivier
name: Ehrich, Dorothée
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Arctic Skua
subject: Parasitic Jaeger
subject: Stercorarius parasiticus
subject: Migratory connectivity
subject: Phenology
subject: Annual cycle
subject: Carry-over effects
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Background Migratory birds generally have tightly scheduled annual cycles, in which delays can have carry-over effects on the timing of later events, ultimately impacting reproductive output. Whether temporal carry-over effects are more pronounced among migrations over larger distances, with tighter schedules, is a largely unexplored question. Methods We tracked individual Arctic Skuas Stercorarius parasiticus, a long-distance migratory seabird, from eight breeding populations between Greenland and Siberia using light-level geolocators. We tested whether migration schedules among breeding populations differ as a function of their use of seven widely divergent wintering areas across the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean. Results Breeding at higher latitudes led not only to later reproduction and migration, but also faster spring migration and shorter time between return to the breeding area and clutch initiation. Wintering area was consistent within individuals among years; and more distant areas were associated with more time spent on migration and less time in the wintering areas. Skuas adjusted the period spent in the wintering area, regardless of migration distance, which buffered the variation in timing of autumn migration. Choice of wintering area had only minor effects on timing of return at the breeding area and timing of breeding and these effects were not consistent between breeding populations. Conclusion The lack of a consistent effect of wintering area on timing of return between breeding areas indicates that individuals synchronize their arrival with others in their population despite extensive individual differences in migration strategies.
DS_10.1177_0272989X18782199 – Supplemental material for Medical Maximizing-Minimizing Preferences Predict Responses to Information about Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening
Creators: name: Scherer, Laura D.
name: Kullgren, Jeffrey T.
name: Caverly, Tanner
name: Scherer, Aaron M.
name: Shaffer, Victoria A.
name: Fagerlin, Angela
name: Zikmund-Fisher, Brian J.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_0272989X18782199 for Medical Maximizing-Minimizing Preferences Predict Responses to Information about Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening by Laura D. Scherer, Jeffrey T. Kullgren, Tanner Caverly, Aaron M. Scherer, Victoria A. Shaffer, Angela Fagerlin and Brian J. Zikmund-Fisher in Medical Decision Making
hornsey_online_appendix – Supplemental material for Exploring Cultural Differences in the Extent to Which People Perceive and Desire Control
Creators: name: Hornsey, Matthew J.
name: Greenaway, Katharine H.
name: Harris, Emily A.
name: Bain, Paul G.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Supplemental material, hornsey_online_appendix for Exploring Cultural Differences in the Extent to Which People Perceive and Desire Control by Matthew J. Hornsey, Katharine H. Greenaway, Emily A. Harris and Paul G. Bain in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
ZatzSupplementalMaterial – Supplemental material for The Effect of Graphic Warnings on Sugary-Drink Purchasing
Creators: name: Donnelly, Grant E.
name: Zatz, Laura Y.
name: Svirsky, Dan
name: John, Leslie K.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, ZatzSupplementalMaterial for The Effect of Graphic Warnings on Sugary-Drink Purchasing by Grant E. Donnelly, Laura Y. Zatz, Dan Svirsky and Leslie K. John in Psychological Science
Introducing and validating a single-item measure of identity leadership: The visual identity leadership scale (VILS)
Creators: name: Steffens, Niklas K.
name: Tatachari, Srinivasan
name: Haslam, S. Alexander
name: Wilson-Lemoine, Jeremy E.
name: Maskor, Mazlan
name: Dick, Rolf Van
name: Kratzer, Benedikt E.
name: Christensen, Julia
name: Kerschreiter, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: group
subject: identity
subject: identity leadership
subject: social identity
subject: visual scale
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: In the present research, we introduce and validate a single-item measure of identity leadership—the visual identity leadership scale (VILS). The VILS uses Venn diagrams of sets of overlapping circles to denote different degrees of alignment between a leader's characteristics and behaviours and a group's values and goals. Key advantages of the VILS over other existing multi-item scales are that it provides a holistic assessment of identity leadership, is short, and can be adapted to address novel research questions that are impractical to address with existing scales (e.g. in diary studies, assessing multiple comparisons of many leaders or groups). Data from three studies (conducted in India, the United States and Germany) provide evidence of the VILS' construct reliability and validity. Results also showcase the instrument's capacity to be adapted to assess variations of identity leadership—for example, by assessing a leader's convergence with descriptive and ideal notions of collective self (i.e. with ‘who we are’ and ‘who we want to be’). We discuss the value of including the VILS in the toolbox that researchers and practitioners can utilize to expand our understanding of identity processes in leadership and group behaviour.
Coupling morphometric analysis and soil erosion modeling for the characterization of the geomorphological setting in the surrounding of the archaeological site of Chimtou (Central Medjerda Valley, Tunisia)
Creators: name: Pagels, Julia
name: Chaouali, Moheddine
name: Fenwick, Corisande
name: Rummel, Philipp Von
name: Bebermeier, Wiebke
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Semi-automatic classification of landforms
subject: USPED
subject: Medjerda Valley
subject: geoarchaeology
subject: geomorphology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: This study focuses on the characterization of the geomorphological setting in the hinterland of the archaeological sites of Chimtou and Bordj Hellal located in the central Medjerda Valley, North Tunisia. Our approach integrates the algorithm Geomorphons for semi-automatic landform classification with the soil erosion model Unit Stream Power-based Erosion Deposition (USPED), providing information on the intensity and regional distribution of erosional and depositional processes. Data from geomorphological field mapping provide a database for a ground-truth of the semi-automatic landform classification derived by the algorithm Geomorphons and complemented the database for the creation of a detailed map of the geomorphology in the hinterland of Chimtou. In line with the delineation of the spatial distribution of erosional and depositional processes, the results deepen the understanding of the geomorphology and the sediment routing of this region.
title: An edition of the "Diwan" of Ibrahim b. Sahl, accompanied by a critical introduction.
Creators: name: Doghaim, Mohamed F.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1970

description: The present thesis consists of two parts: an introduction and an edition of Ibn Sahl's Diwan. The introduction is divided into four chapters and a bibliography. The first chapter surveys the historical and political events in Spain and North Africa since the last decade of the 6th Century A. H. to the middle of the 7th. The second is a chapter on the poet himself, dealing with his youth, education, whereabouts, faith and death. The poet's religion and death have given rise to many contradictory accounts and verdicts by various historians; hence a thorough inclusive examination of oil available material relating to both matters is undertaken and sound judgements are made. Literary activities in towns where the poet has been to are outlined to give a clear picture of the whole environment in which the poet has lived and by which he is influenced. The third chapter of the introduction is a critical appreciation of the poet's poetry, Muwashshah and prose with emphasis on his own characteristic poetic tendencies as well as the general trends of the literature before and during his lifetime. The fourth is devoted to the description of the extant copies of ibn Sahl's Diwan and a brief account of the methods adopted in producing the present edition. The second part is an Arabic text which is the Diwan itself. It is based on the most ancient copies of the Diwan and on other works printed or in hand so as to produce an adequate text adopting the most acceptable readings throughout the whole text with comments and other various readings included in the footnotes.
Reconciling quantum and classical spectral theories of ultrastrong coupling: Role of cavity bath coupling and gauge corrections
Creators: name: Hughes, Stephen
name: Gustin, Chris
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Focusing on the widely adopted Hopfield model with cavity dissipation, we show how the linear spectrum of an ultrastrongly coupled cavity and a dipole can be described either classically or quantum mechanically, but only when the quantum model includes (i) corrections to maintain gauge invariance, and (ii) a specific type of cavity bath coupling. We also show the impact of this bath model on the quantum Rabi model, which has no classical analogue in ultrastrong coupling.
Do We Run How We Say We Run? Formalization and Practice of Governance in OSS Communities
Creators: name: Chakraborti, Mahasweta
name: Atkisson, Curtis
name: Stanciulescu, Stefan
name: Filkov, Vladimir
name: Frey, Seth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; J.4; K.6.3; K.6.1; D.2.9

description: Open Source Software (OSS) communities often resist regulation typical of traditional organizations. Yet formal governance systems are being increasingly adopted among communities, particularly through non-profit mentor foundations. Our study looks at the Apache Software Foundation Incubator program and 208 projects it supports. We assemble a scalable, semantic pipeline to discover and analyze the governance behavior of projects from their mailing lists. We then investigate the reception of formal policies among communities, through their own governance priorities and internalization of the policies. Our findings indicate that while communities observe formal requirements and policies as extensively as they are defined, their day-to-day governance focus does not dwell on topics that see most formal policy-making. Moreover formalization, be it dedicating governance focus or adopting policy, has limited association with project sustenance.
The proximate regulation of prosocial behaviour: towards a conceptual framework for comparative research
Creators: name: Kopp, Kathrin S.
name: Kanngiesser, Patricia
name: Brügger, Rahel K.
name: Daum, Moritz M.
name: Gampe, Anja
name: Köster, Moritz
name: Schaik, Carel P. Van
name: Liebal, Katja
name: Burkart, Judith M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Prosocial behaviour
subject: Comparative research
subject: Primates
subject: Human children
subject: Sharing
subject: Helping
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Humans and many other animal species act in ways that benefit others. Such prosocial behaviour has been studied extensively across a range of disciplines over the last decades, but findings to date have led to conflicting conclusions about prosociality across and even within species. Here, we present a conceptual framework to study the proximate regulation of prosocial behaviour in humans, non-human primates and potentially other animals. We build on psychological definitions of prosociality and spell out three key features that need to be in place for behaviour to count as prosocial: benefitting others, intentionality, and voluntariness. We then apply this framework to review observational and experimental studies on sharing behaviour and targeted helping in human children and non-human primates. We show that behaviours that are usually subsumed under the same terminology (e.g. helping) can differ substantially across and within species and that some of them do not fulfil our criteria for prosociality. Our framework allows for precise mapping of prosocial behaviours when retrospectively evaluating studies and offers guidelines for future comparative work.
title: Al-Tirmidhi, his works and his opinions on Sufism.
Creators: name: Juyushi, Muhammed I.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1970

description: This thesis deals with the life and works of Hakim al-Tirmidhi, and his fundamental importance for the development of Sufism. It is divided into eight chapters, preceded by an introduction containing a survey of previous biographical and critical attempts. Chapter I discusses his cultural background and his relationships with his teachers and students, and endeavours to reconstruct the history of his life from such scant biographical data as are available. Special consideration is given to his formative years and the persecution he suffered. Chapter II is devoted to his works in the discussion of which the following procedure was observed throughout. First, reference was made to the libraries and collections which contain his extant works; secondly, a list of all his works, available or lost, published or unpublished, was provided; thirdly, extant work was reviewed, stressing the most salient points in its contents. Chapter III deals with his approach to (Tafir), Sadith, 'Ilm al-Kalam and Fiqh. Chapter IV concerns his theory of saints and sainthood. His characteristic division of saints, the intricate hierarchy and the ten qualities of sainthood form the hasis on which he discusses the saint's awareness of his sainthood and his ability to see the hidden, foresee the future and work miracles. This is followed by the analysis of the relationship between sainthood and prophethood, and al-Tirmidhi's own share of sainthood. The chapter ends with a discussion of the acceptance or rejection of al-Tirmidhi's theory by Ibn Taymyya and Ibn Arabi. Chapter V, entirely devoted to al-Tirmidhi's ideas on gnosis, begins with the elucidation of the connection between light and gnosis. Much space is accorded to al-Tirmidhi's disquisition on exoteric and esoteric knowledge, their respective aims and categories and the behaviour conducive to their achievement. Finally, his ideas are compared with those of otnei Sufis by means of quotations from Kashf al-Mahjub and 'Ilm al-Qulub. Chapter VI, on the areas of interiority, describes the localities of the interior of the human body, made to represent the stations of faith. Each of them is portrayed as a mountain with its own bird, symbolic of one aspect of the soul, and with its own light. The brightest of these is the light of unity. It is equated with the secret of life which generates all its forms. Chapter VII depicts the struggle between the heart and the soul, and advises on exemplary Muslim conduct. Chapter VIII inquires into al-Tirmidhi's influence on contemporary and later Sufi thought as observable in al-Malamatiyya and al-Hakimiyya, and traceable in the work of al-Ghazali, Ibn 'Arabi and Ibn al-Qayyim. It further quotes the opinions of Muslim biographers on al-Tirmidhi's role in the development of Islamic thought, giving special attention to his salient characteristics and methodological approach. A "Summary and Conclusion" follows.
AMPK and FLCN/FNIP: investigating regulation, interactions and signalling crosstalk
Creators: name: Pascual Navarro, Eneko
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Dysregulation of energy metabolism is an important factor underlying many diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as an ATP sensor, the main energy source in all living cells. AMPK is activated in response to lowered ATP levels, and acts to maintain energy homeostasis by decreasing ATP-utilisation and increasing ATP-generation. Our recent studies revealed that chronic genetic activation of AMPK in mice leads to development of polycystic kidney disease. This phenotype is similar to the renal presentation of Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome and mice lacking expression of folliculin (FLCN) in the kidney. Mutations in the FLCN gene are causative for BHD. Importantly, loss of FLCN or loss of folliculin interacting proteins (FNIP1 or FNIP2) has been reported to lead to activation of AMPK in both human cells and animal models. The FLCN/FNIP complex has been linked to changes in both mTOR and AMPK pathways. Whilst the function of FLCN/FNIP in mTORC1 signalling has been largely elucidated, its interactions with AMPK are still being explored. In this project the effects of FLCN/FNIP on AMPK activity and energy sensing were explored using human cell lines with FLCN and FNIP1 loss. A number of key findings were made: AMPK activation via FLCN loss was shown to be dependent on nutritional context and changes in mTOR signalling. Lowered ATP/AMP balance and increase of total AMPK protein levels were measured in FLCN KO HEK293T partly explaining greater AMPK activity. FLCN KO was observed to hinder glucose sensing by AMPK. FLCN/FNIP/AMPK association was seen increased with AMPK activation, and FNIP2 specifically interacting with AMPK α2β1γ1. Lastly, FLCN S62 previously reported to be indirectly affected by AMPK was determined to be directly phosphorylated by AMPK and FNIP2 phosphorylation was observed with 3 candidate serine residues: 216, 244 and 667.
title: The life and short poems of Isvarcandra Gupta.
Creators: name: Azad, Alauddin A.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1970

description: The present thesis is a monograph on the life and short poems of Isvarcandra Gupta, an extremely popular poet in mid-nineteenth century Bengal, It falls into three parts. The first part discusses the existing accounts of Isvarcandra Gupta's life, assesses the additional information adduced by two modern scholars, Bhabatoa Datta and Brajendranath Bandyopadhyay; and also adds gleanings from a newspaper file not previously examined by other scholars. The second part constitutes a thematic discussion of the contents of Gupta's short poems. This discussion reveals Gupta's attitudes towards religion, contemporary Hindu and European society, contemporary political events, and the glimmerings of patriotism inherent in his poetry. The final part studies the development of literary criticism in Bengal and the beginnings of comparative criticism in Bengali, It also assesses Gupta's place in both contemporary terms and also in terms of Bengali literature as a whole. The final chapter throws light on Gupta's literary technique and suggests that even Gupta was unaware, that his contemporary and posthumous reputation would rest upon his hastily written short satires.
Unraveling the Effects of Acute Inflammation on Pharmacokinetics: A Model-Based Analysis Focusing on Renal Glomerular Filtration Rate and Cytochrome P450 3A4-Mediated Metabolism
Creators: name: Liu, Feiyan
name: Aulin, Linda B. S.
name: Manson, Martijn L.
name: Krekels, Elke H. J.
name: Hasselt, J. G. Coen Van
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pharmacokinetics
subject: Acute Inflammation
subject: Effects
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Background and Objectives Acute inflammation caused by infections or sepsis can impact pharmacokinetics. We used a model-based analysis to evaluate the effect of acute inflammation as represented by interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels on drug clearance, focusing on renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)-mediated metabolism. Methods A physiologically based model incorporating renal and hepatic drug clearance was implemented. Functions correlating IL-6 levels with GFR and in vitro CYP3A4 activity were derived and incorporated into the modeling framework. We then simulated treatment scenarios for hypothetical drugs by varying the IL-6 levels, the contribution of renal and hepatic drug clearance, and protein binding. The relative change in observed area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was computed for these scenarios. Results Inflammation showed opposite effects on drug exposure for drugs eliminated via the liver and kidney, with the effect of inflammation being inversely proportional to the extraction ratio (ER). For renally cleared drugs, the relative decrease in AUC was close to 30% during severe inflammation. For CYP3A4 substrates, the relative increase in AUC could exceed 50% for low-ER drugs. Finally, the impact of inflammation-induced changes in drug clearance is smaller for drugs with a larger unbound fraction. Conclusion This analysis demonstrates differences in the impact of inflammation on drug clearance for different drug types. The effects of inflammation status on pharmacokinetics may explain the inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients. The proposed model-based analysis may be used to further evaluate the effect of inflammation, i.e., by incorporating the effect of inflammation on other drug-metabolizing enzymes or physiological processes.
title: The autonomous kingdom of Dahomey, 1818-94.
Creators: name: Ross, David A.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1967

description: The aim of this study has been to provide, as far as possible, an accurate outline of developments in Dahoman political society during the course of the nineteenth century. The findings of this, the major part of the work, have then been used as a check against descriptions of the Fon state based on anthropological evidence. In this way it has been attempted to place the institutions of Dahoman corporate life in the context of their historical development and at the same time to cast some light on how they actually functioned in the nineteenth century. Eighteen eighteen provides a useful starting point for an investigation into latter Dahoman history since the revolution which took place in that year represented both the high water mark of chiefly factionalism and the beginning of a vigorous attempt to establish a strong monarchy. The conflict between those trying to build a centralised government and those determined to preserve the powers of the feuding ruling class dominated the politics of Dahomey from the Revolution until the French invasion. Other issues, above all those of foreign and economic policy, of course, also influenced the course of Dahoman history in these years. Disputes over policy, however, merely aggravated an already existing crisis; they did not create the tensions in Fon society. It was the continual internecine struggle indulged in by the various sections of the Dahoman ruling class which dominated political life, shaped the institutions of Dahoman government and gave nineteenth century Fon history its peculiar character.
Exposing the Oxygen-Centered Radical Character of the Tetraoxido Ruthenium(VIII) Cation [RuO4]+
Creators: name: Silva Santos, Mayara Da
name: Medel, Robert
name: Flach, Max
name: Ablyasova, Olesya S.
name: Timm, Martin
name: Issendorff, Bernd Von
name: Hirsch, Konstantin
name: Zamudio-Bayer, Vicente
name: Riedel, Sebastian
name: Lau, J. Tobias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: gas phase
subject: ground state
subject: oxido ligands
subject: ruthenium
subject: X-ray absorption spectroscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The tetraoxido ruthenium(VIII) radical cation, [RuO4]+, should be a strong oxidizing agent, but has been difficult to produce and investigate so far. In our X-ray absorption spectroscopy study, in combination with quantum-chemical calculations, we show that [RuO4]+, produced via oxidation of ruthenium cations by ozone in the gas phase, forms the oxygen-centered radical ground state. The oxygen-centered radical character of [RuO4]+ is identified by the chemical shift at the ruthenium M3 edge, indicative of ruthenium(VIII), and by the presence of a characteristic low-energy transition at the oxygen K edge, involving an oxygen-centered singly-occupied molecular orbital, which is suppressed when the oxygen-centered radical is quenched by hydrogenation of [RuO4]+ to the closed-shell [RuO4H]+ ion. Hydrogen-atom abstraction from methane is calculated to be only slightly less exothermic for [RuO4]+ than for [OsO4]+.
Fabrication du tambourin provençal : finition des moulures et des sculptures
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Evaluation of randomized controlled trials: a primer and tutorial for mental health researchers
Creators: name: Harrer, Mathias
name: Cuijpers, Pim
name: Schuurmans, Lea K. J.
name: Kaiser, Tim
name: Buntrock, Claudia
name: Straten, Annemieke Van
name: Ebert, David
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mental health
subject: Randomized controlled trial
subject: Data analysis
subject: Tutorial
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Background Considered one of the highest levels of evidence, results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remain an essential building block in mental health research. They are frequently used to confirm that an intervention “works” and to guide treatment decisions. Given their importance in the field, it is concerning that the quality of many RCT evaluations in mental health research remains poor. Common errors range from inadequate missing data handling and inappropriate analyses (e.g., baseline randomization tests or analyses of within-group changes) to unduly interpretations of trial results and insufficient reporting. These deficiencies pose a threat to the robustness of mental health research and its impact on patient care. Many of these issues may be avoided in the future if mental health researchers are provided with a better understanding of what constitutes a high-quality RCT evaluation. Methods In this primer article, we give an introduction to core concepts and caveats of clinical trial evaluations in mental health research. We also show how to implement current best practices using open-source statistical software. Results Drawing on Rubin’s potential outcome framework, we describe that RCTs put us in a privileged position to study causality by ensuring that the potential outcomes of the randomized groups become exchangeable. We discuss how missing data can threaten the validity of our results if dropouts systematically differ from non-dropouts, introduce trial estimands as a way to co-align analyses with the goals of the evaluation, and explain how to set up an appropriate analysis model to test the treatment effect at one or several assessment points. A novice-friendly tutorial is provided alongside this primer. It lays out concepts in greater detail and showcases how to implement techniques using the statistical software R, based on a real-world RCT dataset. Discussion Many problems of RCTs already arise at the design stage, and we examine some avoidable and unavoidable “weak spots” of this design in mental health research. For instance, we discuss how lack of prospective registration can give way to issues like outcome switching and selective reporting, how allegiance biases can inflate effect estimates, review recommendations and challenges in blinding patients in mental health RCTs, and describe problems arising from underpowered trials. Lastly, we discuss why not all randomized trials necessarily have a limited external validity and examine how RCTs relate to ongoing efforts to personalize mental health care.
Efficacy of reduced order source terms for a coupled wave-circulation model in the Gulf of Mexico
Creators: name: Loveland, Mark
name: Meixner, Jessica
name: Valseth, Eirik
name: Dawson, Clint
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During hurricanes, coupled wave-circulation models are critical tools for public safety. The standard approach is to use a high fidelity circulation model coupled with a wave model which uses the most advanced source terms. As a result, the models can be highly computationally expensive and so this study investigates the potential consequences of using highly simplified (reduced order) source terms within the wave model component of the coupled wave-circulation model. The trade-off between run time and accuracy with respect to observations is quantified for a set of two storms that impacted the Gulf of Mexico, Hurricane Ike and Hurricane Ida. Water surface elevations as well as wave statistics (significant wave height, peak period, and mean wave direction) are compared to observations. The usage of the reduced order source terms yielded significant savings in computational cost. Additionally, relatively low amounts of additional error with respect to observations during the simulations with reduced order source terms. However, large changes in global model outputs of the wave statistics were observed based on the choice of source terms particularly near the track of each hurricane.
What We Measure Matters: The Case of the Missing Development Data in Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Monitoring
Creators: name: Chmutina, Ksenia
name: Meding, Jason Von
name: Sandoval, Vicente
name: Boyland, Michael
name: Forino, Giuseppe
name: Cheek, Wesley
name: Williams, Darien Alexander
name: Gonzalez-Muzzio, Claudia
name: Tomassi, Isabella
name: Páez, Holmes
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Development dynamics
subject: Disaster risk root causes
subject: Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction
subject: Sustainable development goals
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::350 Öffentliche Verwaltung, Militärwissenschaft::350 Öffentliche Verwaltung, Militärwissenschaft

description: The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015−2030’s (SFDRR) framing moved away from disaster risk as a natural phenomenon to the examination of the inequality and injustice at the root of human vulnerability to hazards and disasters. Yet, its achievements have not seriously challenged the long-established capitalist systems of oppression that hinder the development leading to disaster risk creation. This article is an exploratory mapping exercise of and a collective reflection on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and SFDRR indicators—and their use in measuring progress towards disaster risk reduction (DRR). We highlight that despite the rhetoric of vulnerability, the measurement of progress towards DRR remains event/hazard-centric. We argue that the measurement of disaster risk could be greatly enhanced by the integration of development data in future iterations of global DRR frameworks for action.