Centris (Aphemisia) plumipes Smith 1854
Creators: name: Vivallo, Felipe
name: Vélez, Danny
name: Fernández, Fernando
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Centris
Centris plumipes

description: Centris (Aphemisia) plumipes Smith, 1854
(Figures 7–10)
Centris plumipes Smith, 1854: 373.
Centris (Aphemisia) xanthosara Moure, 2002: 258 (unnecessary nom. nov. for Centris plumipes Smith, 1854).
Diagnosis. Female: Metasoma brown with greenish metallic reflections (Fig. 8); scape without yellow spot (Fig. 7); space between second and third mandibular teeth wider than between third and fourth teeth (Fig. 7). Male: Metasoma with intense greenish metallic reflections (Fig. 10); dark brown spot of clypeus narrowing towards lower margin (Fig. 9); anterior margin of hind basitarsus with laminar projection increasing in width distally; ventral surface of distal tarsus of hind leg with dense and uniform pubescence forming a well-developed comb; base of fore tibia without yellow spot (Fig. 10).
Morphology. Female (Figs. 7, 8). Measurements: body length: 22.6; head width: 7.0; thorax width: 9.2; forewing length: 18.2; UID: 2.9; LID: 3.2; mandible length: 3.2; mandible basal width: 3.0; labrum length: 1.1; labrum width: 1.8; F1 length: 1.4; F2 length: 0.4; F3 length: 0.5; scape length: 0.9; diameter of median ocellus: 0.4; distance between lateral ocellus and eye: 0.7. Coloration: Head and mesosoma with integument dark brown to black, except labrum and lower paraocular area yellow (Fig. 7). Clypeus brown with lateral sides yellow (Fig. 7).
Legs dark brown (Figs. 7, 8), except hind tibia and tarsi light brown. Mesepisternum and pronotum with greenish and bluish metallic reflections. Metasoma brown with greenish metallic reflection. T6 light brown to orange. Sterna light brown. Wing membranes and veins dark brown with violaceous and greenish iridescence. Sculpture: Clypeus areolate, less evident on disc, with coarse and sparse punctures, denser at lateroinferior margin. Labrum with coarse, very dense punctures, with broad smooth basal surface. Protuberances of mesoscutellum finely areolate, with coarse, sparse punctures. T1–T5 with fine, very dense punctures, slightly coarser on last two terga. T4 and T5 with some coarse and sparse punctures intermixed. Pubescence: Labrum with yellow, short, plumose hairs mixed with some light brown, simple pubescence. Supralateral margins of clypeus with brown, long, simple hairs. Supraclypeal and genal areas with yellowish pubescence, brown on frons and vertex (Figs. 7, 8). Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, pronotal lobe, tegula and area below wings with light yellow hairs with dark brown apices (Fig. 8). Mesepisternum mainly with brown and light yellow hairs (Fig. 8). Fore and middle legs mainly with dark brown pubescence, except femur of fore leg with yellowish hairs (Fig. 8). Scopa yellow (Fig. 8) with reddish brown hairs on ventral surfaces of hind tibia and basitarsus. Dorsal surface of T1 with brown plumose hairs. T2 and T3 with brown, short, simple pubescence. T4 with similar pilosity than preceding terga, light brown and slightly longer than on T3. T5 with yellow hairs, longer than on T4. Fimbriae with light brown to orange hairs. Structures: Mandible with four teeth of acute apex (length: 1st>2nd>3rd>4th) (Fig. 7). Second tooth closer to rutellum than to third tooth. Trimal angle well-developed, almost straight. Acetabular carina reaching base of fourth tooth. Clypeus with upper half convex, lower half concave (lateral view). Labrum elliptical. Vertex above upper interocular tangent. Inner orbits of compound eyes slightly converging dorsally (Fig. 7). Fore elaiospathe with secondary anterior comb formed by four giant, long, apically curved hairs. Mesoscutellum with two projections of acute apex posteriorly directed. Basitibial plates lanceolate; secondary plate slightly projected backwards, with posterior edge emarginated beyond posterior margin of primary plate. Primary pygidial plate with slightly rounded apex, with secondary plate with closed, acute apex.
Male (Figs. 9, 10). Measurements: body length: 21.7; head width: 6.6; thorax width: 9.4; forewing length: 19.1; UID: 2.1; LID: 2.6; mandible length: 2.9; mandible basal width: 1.2; labrum length: 1.1; labrum width: 1.8; F1 length: 1.4; F2 length: 0.3; F3 length: 0.5; scape length: 0.9; diameter of median ocellus: 0.5; distance between lateral ocellus and eye: 0.3. Coloration: Head and mesosoma with dark brown to black integument, except yellow as follows: labrum, clypeus (except by longitudinal, irregular dark brown spot), lower paraocular area with spot projecting upwards to level of antennal sockets, and anterior surface of scape (Fig. 9). Mesepisternum with weak metallic purple-greenish reflections. Terga dark brown with greenish iridescence. Sterna light brown. Fore and middle legs brown, hind leg light brown. Wing membranes and veins dark brown with violaceous iridescence. Sculpture: Clypeus shiny, finely areolate with relatively coarse, uniform punctation. Labrum with coarse, very dense punctures, basally with broad smooth area. T1 with relatively coarse, sparse punctures on disc, slightly denser laterally. T2 and T3 with very fine, dense punctures. T4 and T5 with coarser, sparser punctures than on preceding terga. Protuberances of mesoscutellum with relatively scattered punctures. Pubescence: Labrum with yellow, short, plumose pubescence, with some scattered, long, simple hairs intermixed. Supralateral margins of clypeus with yellowish brown, long, simple hairs. Supraclypeal and genal areas, and posterior surface of antennal scape with yellowish pubescence, frons and vertex with brown hairs (Fig. 9). Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, pronotal lobe, tegula and area below wing base with light yellow hairs apically dark brown (Fig. 10). Mesepisternum mainly with brown and light yellow hairs (Fig. 10). Fore and hind legs mainly with yellow pubescence, except hind femur with brown hairs intermixed (Fig. 10). Middle legs with dark brown hairs (Fig. 10). Hind leg with anteroinferior margin of middle tarsi and ventral surface of distitarsus with long yellow hairs. Base of claw of hind leg with short tuft of plumose hairs. T1 with brown, long plumose hairs laterally. T2 and T3 with brown, short, simple hairs. T4 with dark brown, long, simple hairs, mixed with some plumose hairs laterally. T5– T7 with light brown, long, plumose, scattered hairs. Sterna with light yellow, long, plumose pubescence. Structures: Mandible with three teeth of acute apex (length: 1st>2nd>3rd) (Fig. 9). Distance between first and second teeth longer than between second and third (Fig. 9). Trimal angle well-developed, obtuse. Acetabular carina reaching base of third tooth. Labrum elliptical. Vertex slightly below upper interocular tangent. Inner orbits of compound eyes converging dorsally (Fig. 9). Mesoscutellum with two protuberances posteriorly directed. Posterior surface of hind femur with well-developed protuberance, without carina. Anteroinferior margin of hind basitarsus with laminar projection.
Type material. Holotype female (British Museum of Natural History, BMNH, London, United Kingdom, examined).
Type locality. BRAZIL: Santarém.
Comment. Smith (1854) listed some morphological characters to identify the male of this species; however, it has never been formally described. The description presented here is based on two specimens from Araracuara, Department of Amazonas, Colombia.
Distribution. COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: Araracuara, Araracuara Quebrada Armadillo, Miriti-Puerto Rastrojo, La Pedrera, Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu Caño Lorena. VAUPÉS: Isana, Mitú, Wasay (Fig. 17).
Material examined. COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS: 1 male: Amazonas Araracuara col. Nora Mesa 10-XI-82 \ 0 304 (ICN). 1 male: CO. Amazonas Araracuara Quebrada Armadillo 20-Feb-1992 col: F. Jara\ 6447 LABUN 0 0 7053 (LABUN). 1 female: Amazonas: Miriti P. Rastrojo 104 Col: Fernando F. 20-VII-84 \ 2541\ LABUN007168 (LABUN). 1 female: Amazonas: Miriti P. Rastrojo 76 Col: Fernando F. 27-VII-84 \ 2542\ LABUN007169 (LABUN). 1 female: Amazonas: La Pedrera: Internado en planta 29 Col: Jaqueline P. 13-VII-84 \ 2528\ LABUN007073 (LABUN). 1 female: Colombia: Amazonas P.N.N. Amacayacu R. Caño Lorena F. Fernandez Col. Agosto 1990 \ ICN 012297 (ICN). VAUPÉS: 1 male: Colombia. Vaupés Mitú, Isana, Wasay N01˚39’40.9’’ W70˚01’13.1 170 msn, C.H.I. Colector: Holman Miller H. Fecha: 25/01/07 (LABUN). WITHOUT INFORMATION: 1 female: Soratama Apaporis mun. Meta III-52 \ Centris (Cyphocentris) plumipes Smith Det: Moure Mayo/90\ 0 315 (ICN).
description: Published as part of Vivallo, Felipe, Vélez, Danny & Fernández, Fernando, 2016, Two new species of Centris (Aphemisia) Ayala, 2002 from Colombia with a synopsis of the subgenus for the country (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini), pp. 201-216 in Zootaxa 4093 (2) on pages 206-208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4093.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/263672