cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Estimation of 100 m root zone soil moisture by downscaling 1 km soil water index with machine learning and multiple geodata
Creators: name: Mahmood, Talha
name: Löw, Johannes
name: Pöhlitz, Julia
name: Wenzel, Jan Lukas
name: Conrad, Christopher
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 552

description: Root zone soil moisture (RZSM) is crucial for agricultural water management and land surface processes. The 1 km soil water index (SWI) dataset from Copernicus Global Land services, with eight fixed characteristic time lengths (T), requires root zone depth optimization (Topt) and is limited in use due to its low spatial resolution. To estimate RZSM at 100-m resolution, we integrate the depth specificity of SWI and employed random forest (RF) downscaling. Topographic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical datasets were utilized to develop three RF models (RF1: SAR, RF2: optical, RF3: SAR + optical). At the DEMMIN experimental site in northeastern Germany, Topt (in days) varies from 20 to 60 for depths of 10 to 30 cm, increasing to 100 for 40–60 cm. RF3 outperformed other models with 1 km test data. Following residual correction, all high-resolution predictions exhibited strong spatial accuracy (R ≥ 0.94). Both products (1 km and 100 m) agreed well with observed RZSM during summer but overestimated in winter. Mean R between observed RZSM and 1 km (100 m; RF1, RF2, and RF3) SWI ranges from 0.74 (0.67, 0.76, and 0.68) to 0.90 (0.88, 0.81, and 0.82), with the lowest and highest R achieved at 10 cm and 30 cm depths, respectively. The average RMSE using 1 km (100 m; RF1, RF2, and RF3) SWI increased from 2.20 Vol.% (2.28, 2.28, and 2.35) at 30 cm to 3.40 Vol.% (3.50, 3.70, and 3.60) at 60 cm. These negligible accuracy differences underpin the potential of the proposed method to estimate RZSM for precise local applications, e.g., irrigation management.
КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В РАССЛЕДОВАНИИ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ
Creators: name: ГОРШКОВА Н.Д.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
КРИМИНАЛИСТИКА
СЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬ
РАССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ
ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
CRIMINOLOGY
INVESTIGATOR
CRIME INVESTIGATION
INTERACTION

description: В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы применения технологий взаимодействия коммуникантов в рамках криминалистической деятельности, дается оценка путей их внедрения в правоприменительную практику. Автором, приводятся примеры возникающих проблем при раскрытии и расследовании преступлений, а также их решение посредством коммуникативных технологий.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ЛИЧНОГО ТАМОЖЕННОГО ДОСМОТРА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Creators: name: ГОРШКОВА Н.Д.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ТАМОЖЕННЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬ
ЛИЧНЫЙ ТАМОЖЕННЫЙ ДОСМОТР
ОСОБЕННОСТИ
ИНСПЕКТОР
ФИЗИЧЕСКОЕ ЛИЦО
CUSTOMS CONTROL
PERSONAL CUSTOMS INSPECTION
FEATURES
INSPECTOR
INDIVIDUAL

description: Изучая таможенный контроль как одну из мер, направленную на пресечение правонарушений в рамках перемещения различных лиц через границы государств, нельзя не затронуть формы его осуществления. Общепризнанной и в тоже время исключительной формой выступает личный таможенный досмотр. Как и любая другая мера, личный досмотр имеет свои характеристики, признаки и особенности, рассмотрение которых произведено в данной статье. Авторы приходят к выводу, что личный таможенный досмотр оказывает влияние на психологию человека, в каких-то случаях может ущемлять его права и интересы, но в то же время является незаменимой мерой выявления и предотвращения правонарушений.
Forbidden and intercombination lines of RR Telescopii: wavelength measurements and energy levels
Creators: name: Young, P. R.
name: Feldman, U.
name: Lobel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultraviolet and visible spectra of the symbiotic nova RR Telescopii are used to derive reference wavelengths for many forbidden and intercombination transitions of ions +1 to +6 of elements C, N, O, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K and Ca. The wavelengths are then used to determine new energy values for the levels within the ions' ground configurations or first excited configuration. The spectra were measured by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph of the Hubble Space Telescope and the UltraViolet Echelle Spectrograph of the European Southern Observatory in 2000 and 1999, respectively, and cover 1140 to 6915 A. Particular care was taken to assess the accuracy of the wavelength scale between the two instruments. An investigation of the profiles of the emission lines reveals that the nebula consists of at least two plasma components at different velocities. The components have different densities, and a simple model of the lines' emissions demonstrates that most of the lines principally arise from the high density component. Only these lines were used for the wavelength study.
description: 54 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJ
ДАЕТ ЛИ КОВИД ПРАВО НА СКИДКУ: ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ ТОНКОСТИ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Creators: name: ДЖИКИЯ М.Д.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ДИСТАНЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
ПАНДЕМИЯ
ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ
ДОГОВОР
УСЛУГА
КАЧЕСТВО
DISTANCE TECHNOLOGIES
PANDEMIC
LEGAL REGULATION
EDUCATIONAL RELATIONS
CONTRACT
SERVICE
QUALITY

description: В статье освещены дискуссионные вопросы использования дистанционных технологий и электронного обучения при получении высшего образования. Автор анализирует форс-мажорные обстоятельства, которые повлекла пандемия коронавируса, а также выдвигает ряд предложений по упорядочиванию образовательных отношений в данный период. В статье представлена авторская позиция по поводу влияния дистанционных технологий на уровень, вид и форму обучения студентов, а также проанализированы возможные правовые последствия судебных разбирательств вызванных претензиями студентов на качество образовательного процесса.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПОТЕРПЕВШИХ И СВИДЕТЕЛЕЙ В УГОЛОВНОМ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ
Creators: name: ДОЛГОВА М.В.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ
ЗАЩИТА
ПОТЕРПЕВШИЙ
СВИДЕТЕЛЬ
УГОЛОВНОЕ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВО
SECURITY
PROTECTION
VICTIM
WITNESS
CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

description: Данная статья посвящена особенностям обеспечения безопасности потерпевших и свидетелей в уголовном судопроизводстве Российской Федерации. В работе рассмотрены основные меры безопасности для участников уголовного процесса. Приведен зарубежный опыт на примере таких стран как ФРГ и Великобритания по обеспечению безопасности свидетелей и потерпевших по уголовным делам. Приведены актуальные примеры, доказывающие, что защита является важной гарантией безопасности для участников уголовного судопроизводства.
Additional file 1 of Feasibility and potential efficacy of a guided internet- and mobile-based CBT for adolescents and young adults with chronic medical conditions and comorbid depression or anxiety symptoms (youthCOACHCD): a randomized controlled pilot trial
Creators: name: Geirhos, A.
name: Domhardt, M.
name: Lunkenheimer, F.
name: Temming, S.
name: Holl, R. W.
name: Minden, K.
name: Warschburger, P.
name: Meissner, T.
name: Mueller-Stierlin, A. S.
name: Baumeister, H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
A Spitzer c2d Legacy Survey to Identify and Characterize Disks with Inner Dust Holes
Creators: name: Merín, Bruno
name: Brown, Joanna M.
name: Oliveira, Isa
name: Herczeg, Gregory J.
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
name: Bottinelli, Sandrine
name: Evans, Neal J.
name: Cieza, Lucas
name: Spezzi, Loredana
name: Alcalá, Juan M.
name: Harvey, Paul M.
name: Blake, Geoffrey A.
name: Bayo, Amelia
name: Geers, Vincent G.
name: Lahuis, Fred
name: Prusti, Timo
name: Augereau, Jean-Charles
name: Olofsson, Johan
name: Walter, Frederick M.
name: Chiu, Kuenley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding how disks dissipate is essential to studies of planet formation. However, identifying exactly how dust and gas dissipates is complicated due to difficulty in finding objects clearly in the transition of losing their surrounding material. We use Spitzer IRS spectra to examine 35 photometrically-selected candidate cold disks (disks with large inner dust holes). The infrared spectra are supplemented with optical spectra to determine stellar and accretion properties and 1.3mm photometry to measure disk masses. Based on detailed SED modeling, we identify 15 new cold disks. The remaining 20 objects have IRS spectra that are consistent with disks without holes, disks that are observed close to edge-on, or stars with background emission. Based on these results, we determine reliable criteria for identifying disks with inner holes from Spitzer photometry and examine criteria already in the literature. Applying these criteria to the c2d surveyed star-forming regions gives a frequency of such objects of at least 4% and most likely of order 12% of the YSO population identified by Spitzer. We also examine the properties of these new cold disks in combination with cold disks from the literature. Hole sizes in this sample are generally smaller than for previously discovered disks and reflect a distribution in better agreement with exoplanet orbit radii. We find correlations between hole size and both disk and stellar masses. Silicate features, including crystalline features, are present in the overwhelming majority of the sample although 10 micron feature strength above the continuum declines for holes with radii larger than ~7 AU. In contrast, PAHs are only detected in 2 out of 15 sources. Only a quarter of the cold disk sample shows no signs of accretion, making it unlikely that photoevaporation is the dominant hole forming process in most cases.
description: 24 pages, 18 figures and 8 tables. Fixed a typo in Table 8
СУБСИДИАРНАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ КОНТРОЛИРУЮЩИХ ДОЛЖНИКА ЛИЦ ВНЕ ДЕЛА О БАНКРОТСТВЕ
Creators: name: ДОЛГОРУКИЙ А.И.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: СУБСИДИАРНАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ
ДОЛЖНИК
КОНТРОЛИРУЮЩЕЕ ЛИЦО
VICARIOUS LIABILITY
THE DEBTOR
THE CONTROLLING PERSON

description: В статье рассматривается регламентированная законом возможность привлечения контролирующих должника лиц к субсидиарной ответственности вне процедуры несостоятельности (банкротства). Автор анализирует и соотносит Федеральные законы от 28 декабря 2016 г. № 488-ФЗ, от 29.07.2017 № 266-ФЗ, выявляет особенности привлечения руководителей и иных контролирующих лиц к субсидиарной ответственности, предлагает пути решения спорных вопросов.
Inequality reversal: effects of the savings propensity and correlated returns
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Anindya S.
name: Chakrabarti, Bikas K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In the last decade, a large body of literature has been developed to explain the universal features of inequality in terms of income and wealth. By now, it is established that the distributions of income and wealth in various economies show a number of statistical regularities. There are several models to explain such static features of inequality in an unifying framework and the kinetic exchange models, in particular, provide one such framework. Here we focus on the dynamic features of inequality. In the process of development and growth, inequality in an economy in terms of income and wealth follows a particular pattern of rising in the initial stage followed by an eventual fall. This inverted U-shaped curve is known as the Kuznets Curve. We examine the possibilities of such behavior of an economy in the context of a generalized kinetic exchange model. It is shown that under some specific conditions, our model economy indeed shows inequality reversal.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
К ВОПРОСУ ОБ УГОЛОВНОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ГЛАВНОГО БУХГАЛТЕРА ЗА НАЛОГОВЫЕ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ
Creators: name: ДУБКОВА Е.В.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: НАЛОГОВЫЕ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ
ГЛАВНЫЙ БУХГАЛТЕР
НАЛОГОВАЯ ОТЧЕТНОСТЬ
ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ
ШТРАФ
TAX CRIMES
CHIEF ACCOUNTANT
TAX REPORTING
LIABILITY
FINE

description: В процессе осуществления хозяйственной деятельности могут совершаться операции с риском получить негативные налоговые последствия, за которые несет ответственность главный бухгалтер. В данной научной работе в соответствии с действующим законодательством рассматриваются основания для привлечения главного бухгалтера к уголовной ответственности, описываются меры наказания за совершение налоговых преступлений и способы защиты главного бухгалтера от ответственности, что подтверждается судебной практикой.
Mapped Karst Ground-Water Basins in the Harrodsburg 30 x 60 Minute Quadrangle
Creators: name: Currens, James C.
name: Ray, Joseph A.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky
Year: 1998

description: Abstract: This map shows karst ground-water basins in the Harrodsburg quadrangle, determined primarily by ground-water tracer studies. It can be used to quickly identify the ground-water basins and springs to which a site may drain. Major springs and the relative size of their catchment areas can be evaluated for potential as water supplies. The map also serves as a geographic index to literature on karst ground water in the area.
Convex Multivariate Approximation by Algebras of Continuous Functions
Creators: name: Bondarenko, Andriy
name: Prymak, Andriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We obtain an analog of Shvedov theorem for convex multivariate approximation by algebras of continuous functions.
description: 9 pages
Numerical studies on correlations in dynamics and localization of two interacting particles in lattices
Creators: name: Chattaraj, Tirthaprasad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Two interacting particles in lattices, in the absence of dissipation, can not distin- guish between attractive or repulsive interaction when the range of their tunnelling is limited to nearest neighbor sites. However, we find that, in the case of long-range tunnelling, the particles exhibit different dynamics for different types of interactions of the same strength. The nature of dynamical correlations between particles also becomes significantly different. For weak interactions, particles develop a character in correlation which is in between that of antiwalking and cowalking when the tunnelling is long-range. For strong interactions, particles cowalk independently of their statistics. A few recent experiments have demonstrated such effects of interactions on quantum walk of photons, atoms and spin excitations on various lattice platforms. In disordered lattices the effect of coherent backscattering makes particles localize to their initial position. We find that a weak repulsive interaction reduces localization and a strong interaction enhances localization. We also calculate the correlations between the particles in the disordered 1D and 2D systems. The effect of long-range tunnelling on localization of particles in disordered 1D systems has been explored. For large ordered or disordered lattices, computation of localization parameters becomes difficult. In these cases, an efficient recursive algorithm is used to calculate Green’s functions exactly. We extend such algorithm to disordered systems in both one and two dimensions. We also illustrate that this recursive algorithm maps directly to some graph structures like binary trees. We perform calculations for quantum walk of interacting particles on such graphs. The method is also used to calculate the properties of interacting particles on lattices with gauge fields. For disordered 2D lattices, we introduce and test approximations which produce accurate results and make the calculations more efficient. We examine the localization parameters for a broad range of interaction and disorder strengths and try to find differences among parameters within the range.
УГОЛОВНО-ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНЫЕ КОНФЛИКТЫ, ВОЗНИКАЮЩИЕ В ХОДЕ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОГО РАССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: СУТЬ И ВИДЫ
Creators: name: ЕЖОВКИН Е.В.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: КОНФЛИКТ
РАССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ
ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЕ РАССЛЕДОВАНИЕ
ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЭТАП РАССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ
СЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬ
КРИМИНАЛИСТИКА
УГОЛОВНОЕ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВО
УГОЛОВНЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС
CONFLICT
INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
PRELIMINARY STAGE OF INVESTIGATION OF A CRIME
INVESTIGATOR
FORENSICS
CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

description: Одним из актуальных вопросов является разрешение возникающих конфликтов и противоречий среди участников уголовного судебного производства на предварительном этапе расследования преступления. В данной статье анализируется понятие конфликта, возникающего в ходе предварительного расследования, а также приводится описание классификаций, выделяемых по различным основаниям, а именно: по уровню проявления, по степени очевидности, по способу разрешения и по инициирующему субъекту конфликта, возникающих в ходе предварительного расследования.
Marzo, abril y mayo
Creators: name: [Autor desconocido]
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 1908

description: Se hace un recuento de los hechos ocurridos en el colegio durante marzo, abril y mayo. Entre estos se encuentra el grado de Alberto Coradine como doctor en filosofía y letras, el nombramiento y posesión de los nuevos colegiales, las solemnes honras fúnebres de Samuel Ramírez Arbeláez a un mes de su muerte y el retiro espiritual previo al inicio del mes de María.
ПРОФИЛАКТИКА РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ НАРКОТИКОВ СРЕДИ НЕСОВЕРШЕННОЛЕТНИХ
Creators: name: ЗАВИДОВА В.И.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ
НАРКОТИЧЕСКОЕ СРЕДСТВО
НЕСОВЕРШЕННОЛЕТНИЙ
ПРАВО
НЕЗАКОННЫЙ ОБОРОТ НАРКОТИКОВ
DISTRIBUTION
NARCOTIC DRUG
MINOR
LAW
ILLEGAL DRUG TRAFFICKING

description: В статье рассмотрен вопрос о профилактике распространения наркотиков среди несовершеннолетних. Выявлены пути реализации профилактических мероприятий в данной области. На примере отдельных регионов исследован конкретный опыт профилактики распространения наркотических средств среди несовершеннолетнего населения.
Superadditive Communication with the Green Machine: A Practical Demonstration of Nonlocality without Entanglement
Creators: name: Cui, Chaohan
name: Postlewaite, Jack
name: Saif, Babak N.
name: Fan, Linran
name: Guha, Saikat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Achieving the ultimate Holevo limit of optical communication capacity requires a joint-detection receiver which makes a collective quantum measurement over multiple modulated symbols. Such superadditivity -- a higher communication rate than that achievable by symbol-by-symbol optical detection -- is a special case of the well-known nonlocality without entanglement and has yet to be demonstrated. In this article, we propose and demonstrate a design of joint-detection receivers, the Green Machine, that can achieve superadditivity. We build this receiver and show that its capacity surpasses any symbol-by-symbol receivers in the photon-starved regime with binary-phase-shift-keying (BPSK). Our Green Machine receiver can also significantly reduce the transmitter peak power requirement compared with the pulse-position modulation (the conventional modulation format used for deep space laser communication). We further show that the self-referenced phase makes it immune to phase noise, e.g., atmospheric turbulence or platform vibrations.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 1 of Translation and validation of Chinese version of sense of competence in dementia care staff scale in healthcare providers: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Zhao, Yayi
name: Liu, Li
name: Ding, Yaping
name: Shan, Ye
name: Chan, Helen Y. L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. STROBE (Strengthening The Reporting of OBservational Studies in Epidemiology) Checklist.
Additional file 1 of MORPHIOUS: an unsupervised machine learning workflow to detect the activation of microglia and astrocytes
Creators: name: Silburt, Joseph
name: Aubert, Isabelle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Additional figures.
Moulding the flow of surface plasmons using conformal and quasiconformal mapping
Creators: name: Huidobro, Paloma A.
name: Nesterov, Maxim L.
name: Martin-Moreno, Luis
name: Garcia-Vidal, Francisco J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze how Transformation Optics recipes can be applied to control the flow of surface plasmons on metal-dielectric interfaces. We study in detail five different examples: a cylindrical cloak, a beam shifter, a right-angle bend, a lens and a ground-plane cloak. First, we demonstrate that only the modification of the electric permittivity and magnetic permeability in the dielectric side can lead to almost perfect functionalities for surface plasmons. We also show that, thanks to the quasi two-dimensional character of surface plasmons and its inherent polarization, the application of conformal and quasiconformal mapping techniques allows the design of plasmonic devices in which only the isotropic refractive index of the dielectric film needs to be engineered.
description: To be published in New Journal of Physics
УСТУПКА ПРАВА ТРЕБОВАНИЯ И ЕЕ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ
Creators: name: ЗВЕРЕВА А.А.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: УСТУПКА ПРАВА ТРЕБОВАНИЯ
ЦЕССИЯ
СДЕЛКА
ЦЕДЕНТ
ЦЕССИОНАРИЙ
ДОЛЖНИК
ASSIGNMENT OF A CLAIM
ASSIGNMENT
DEAL
ASSIGNOR
ASSIGNEE
DEBTOR

description: Статья посвящена изучению института уступки права требования и его роли в гражданском праве России. Автор рассматривает понятие уступки права требования, стороны соглашения и особенности оформления передачи права требования. В статье раскрываются теоретические и практические вопросы, анализируется законодательство и судебная практика. На основе проведенного исследования автор приходит к выводу, что уступка права требования является распространённым видом сделки и требует большего внимания со стороны законодателя.
ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ НОТАРИАЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ КОРОНОВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Creators: name: ЗОТОВА А.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: НОТАРИАЛЬНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ
ЭЛЕКТРОННЫЙ НОТАРИАТ
ПАНДЕМИЯ
КОРОНОВИРУСНАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ
ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ
NOTARIAL ACTIVITY
ELECTRONIC NOTARY
PANDEMIC
CORONAVIRUS INFECTION
DIGITALIZATION

description: В данной статье проводится анализ цифрового формата нотариальной деятельности в период пандемии коронавирусной инфекцииCOVID-19 в Российской Федерации в 2020 году. Рассмотрены проблемы и перспективы дальнейшего развития «электронного нотариата». В статье акцент сделан на необходимости поступательного развития активной модели современного нотариата, необходимости введения новых форм и технологий в нотариальную деятельность с целью гарантированной всесторонней помощи участникам гражданских правоотношений.
A new neutron study of the short range order inversion in Fe$_{1-x}$Cr$_x$
Creators: name: Mirebeau, I.
name: Parette, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed new neutron diffuse scattering measurements in Fe$_{1-x}$Cr$_x$ solid solutions, in a concentration range 0$
description: 6 pages; 6 figures
ИСТОРИЯ И РАЗВИТИЕ ИНСТИТУТА БАНКРОТСТВА ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ЛИЦ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Creators: name: ИВАНОВ Д.А.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: БАНКРОТСТВО ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ЛИЦ
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ИНСТИТУТА НЕСОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
ВНЕСУДЕБНОЕ БАНКРОТСТВО
РЕСТРУКТУРИЗАЦИЯ ДОЛГА
ФИНАНСОВЫЙ КРИЗИС
BANKRUPTCY OF INDIVIDUALS
THE FORMATION OF THE INSTITUTION OF INSOLVENCY
EXTRAJUDICIAL BANKRUPTCY
DEBT RESTRUCTURING
FINANCIAL CRISIS

description: Пандемия covid-19 оказалась серьезным вызовом для мировой и российской экономики. Многие отрасли уже не могут справиться с наложенными ограничениями и финансовыми проблемами, а это пока (возможно) только самое начало борьбы с инфекцией. Очевидно, что как глобальный, так и локальные финансовые кризисы станут причиной многих банкротств граждан и юридических лиц. В статье рассматриваются этапы, изменения института банкротства физического лица по настоящий период финансового кризиса, вызванного пандемией COVID-19, связанные с разработкой, принятием и реализацией основополагающих нормативно-правовых актов, регулирующих отношения несостоятельности физических лиц.
Integrative systematics illuminates the relationships in two sponge-associated hydrozoan families (Capitata: Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae)
Creators: name: Maggioni, Davide
name: Schuchert, Peter
name: Arrigoni, Roberto
name: Hoeksema, Bert W.
name: Huang, Danwei
name: Strona, Giovanni
name: Seveso, Davide
name: Berumen, Michael L.
name: Montalbetti, Enrico
name: Collins, Richard
name: Galli, Paolo
name: Montano, Simone
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60399 Evolutionary Biology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: An integrated approach using morphological and genetic data is needed to disentangle taxonomic uncertainties affecting the hydrozoan families Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae. Here we used this approach to accurately characterise species in these families, identify the previously unknown polyp stages of the genera Euphysilla and Zancleopsis, which were originally described exclusively based on the medusa stages, describe a new sphaerocorynid genus and species, and assess the phylogenetic position of the two families within the Capitata. The monotypic genus Astrocoryne was found to be a synonym of Zancleopsis. Astrocoryne cabela was therefore transferred to the genus Zancleopsis as Zancleopsis cabela comb. nov. The new polyp-based genus and species Kudacoryne diaphana gen. nov. sp. nov. was erected within the Sphaerocorynidae. Both taxa are primarily based on genetic data, but the introduction of this new genus was made necessary by the fact that it clustered with the genera Heterocoryne and Euphysilla, despite showing Sphaerocoryne-like polyps. Interestingly, the species analysed in this work showed contrasting biogeographical patterns. Based on our data and literature records, some species appear to have a wide circumtropical range, whereas others are limited to localities. Overall, these results lay the ground for future investigations aimed at resolving the taxonomy and systematics of these two enigmatic families.
Discrete and surface solitons in photonic graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Molina, Mario I.
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze localization of light in honeycomb photonic lattices restricted in one dimension which can be regarded as an optical analog of (``armchair'' and ``zigzag'') graphene nanoribbons. We find the conditions for the existence of spatially localized states and discuss the effect of lattice topology on the properties of discrete solitons excited inside the lattice and at its edges. In particular, we discover a novel type of soliton bistability, the so-called geometry-induced bistability, in the lattices of a finite extent.
description: three double-column pages, 5 figures, submitted for publication
Some Hamiltonian Models of Friction
Creators: name: Froehlich, Juerg
name: Gang, Zhou
name: Soffer, Avy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q55, 35Q82

description: Mathematical results on some models describing the motion of a tracer particle through a Bose-Einstein condensate are described. In the limit of a very dense, very weakly interacting Bose gas and for a very large particle mass, the dynamics of the coupled system is determined by classical non-linear Hamiltonian equations of motion. The particle's motion exhibits deceleration corresponding to friction (with memory) caused by the emission of Cerenkov radiation of gapless modes into the gas. Precise results are stated and outlines of proofs are presented. Some technical details are deferred to forthcoming papers.
description: 19 Pages, 1 figure
Physical (in)activity and screen-based media use of adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis over time : data from a German inception cohort
Creators: name: Milatz, Florian
name: Windschall, Daniel
name: [Und Viele Weitere]
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Regular physical activity (PA) has been proven to help prevent non-communicable diseases and is beneficial for disease management in chronically ill populations. Physical inactivity and recreational screen-based media (SBM) use are related to poor health outcomes and common among youth. This study aimed to (1) investigate PA levels and recreational SBM use of adolescents with JIA over time and (2) compare these behaviours with those of their peers. Methods: Data from JIA patients and their peers enrolled in the inception cohort study ICON at 11 German centers were analyzed. Individuals aged 13 and over were followed prospectively with questionnaires concerning PA level, recreational SBM use, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at a two-year interval. Group by time interactions were analyzed using linear mixed models. Results: Data of 214 patients (mean age at first documentation 14.4 ± 0.9 years, female 63%) and 141 peers could be considered. At first documentation, patients were less physically active compared to their peers (p < 0.001). In contrast to their peers, patients’ PA levels increased over time (OR 3.69; 95% CI: 1.01–13.50, p = 0.048). Mean screen time did not differ significantly between patients and peers (first documentation: 3.5 h vs. 3.0 h, p = 0.556; follow-up: 3.6 h vs. 3.3 h, p = 0. 969). During the observation period, male patients reported higher PA levels than female patients, but also higher screen time levels. While low socioeconomic status (SES) (OR 14.40; 95%-CI: 2.84–73.15) and higher cJADAS-10 score (OR 1.31; 95%-CI: 1.03–1.66) increased the likelihood for high SBM use (≥ 4.5 h/d), higher PedsQL psychosocial health score (OR 0.93; 95%-CI: 0.88–0.99) was associated with a decreased likelihood. Conclusions: Adolescents with JIA become more physically active over the disease course and achieve comparable levels of PA and recreational screen time to their peers. However, the vast majority appear to be insufficiently physically active. Future interventions to promote healthy lifestyles should include gender and SES as important determinants to reach most vulnerable groups.
ОСПАРИВАНИЕ СДЕЛОК В ПРОЦЕДУРЕ БАНКРОТСТВА ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ЛИЦ
Creators: name: ИВАНОВ Д.А.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: БАНКРОТСТВО
ВНЕШНЕЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ
КОНКУРСНОЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВО
НЕСОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ
РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ИМУЩЕСТВА
ДОЛЖНИК
КРЕДИТОР
ФИНАНСОВЫЙ УПРАВЛЯЮЩИЙ
ЗЛОУПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ПРАВОМ
КОНКУРСНАЯ МАССА
BANKRUPTCY
EXTERNAL MANAGEMENT
BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS
INSOLVENCY
SALE OF PROPERTY
DEBTOR
CREDITOR
FINANCIAL MANAGER
ABUSE OF RIGHTS
BANKRUPTCY ESTATE

description: В статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы оспаривания сделок в процедуре банкротства физических лиц, в частности пополнения конкурсной массы должника из права требования должника к третьему лицу, возникающее из оспаривания сделок должника в процедурах несостоятельности (банкротства) юридического лица и физического лица. Автор рассмотрел два возможных варианта, при которых арбитражным управляющим может быть извлечен больший объем денежных средств из права требования должника к третьему лицу. Также рассматривается проблема обесценивания прав требования должника как кредитора к его контрагентам при продаже такого права требования на торгах. Основное внимание уделяется способам злоупотребления предоставленным правом со стороны должника.
MPEC 2025-G107 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2025 April 9)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Can Green Plants Mitigate Ammonia Concentration in Piglet Barns?
Creators: name: Menardo, Simona
name: Berg, Werner
name: Grüneberg, Heiner
name: Jakob, Martina
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: piglet
subject: forced ventilated barn
subject: ammonia emissions
subject: plant absorption
subject: mitigation solutions
subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: For animal welfare and for farmers’ health, the concentration of ammonia (NH3) in animal houses should be as low as possible. Plants can remove various atmospheric contaminants through the leaf stomata. This study examined the effect of ornamental plants installed inside a piglet barn on the NH3 concentration in the air. Gas measurements of the air in the ‘greened’ compartment (P) and a control compartment (CTR) took place over two measuring periods (summer–autumn and winter). Differences between the NH3 emissions were calculated based on the ventilation rates according to the CO2 balance. Fairly low mean NH3 concentrations between 2 and 4 ppm were measured. The NH3 emissions were about 20% lower (p < 0.01) in P than in CTR, in summer–autumn and in winter period.
Un himno en honor al papa
Creators: name: Caro, Miguel Antonio
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 1908

description: El himno y la versión literal son tomadas de una publicación de El hogar católico. Las notas que acompañan esta publicación, están escritas por este mismo autor, en una edición especial para la revista del Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario.
РАЗВИТИЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Creators: name: ВОРОНИНА П.А.
name: КАЛАШНИКОВА Е.Б.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: ЦИФРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА
ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ
НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ ЦИФРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА
ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ
5G ИНТЕРНЕТ
ПАНДЕМИЯ
DIGITAL ECONOMY
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL PROJECT DIGITAL ECONOMY
DIGITALIZATION
5G INTERNET
PANDEMIC

description: В данной статье рассматривается такой системный элемент современных экономических отношений как цифровая экономика. Проанализирована статистика по развитию информационно-коммуникационных технологий нашей страны в сравнении с другими странами мира. Внесены некоторые рекомендации по развитию цифровой экономики в нашей стране в связи с эпидемиологической ситуацией, возникшей в 2019 году, вызванной коронавирусной инфекцией.
Numerical properties of staggered overlap fermions
Creators: name: de Forcrand, Philippe
name: Kurkela, Aleksi
name: Panero, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a numerical study of staggered overlap fermions, following the construction of Adams which reduces the number of tastes from 4 to 2 without fine-tuning. We study the sensitivity of the operator to the topology of the gauge field, its locality and its robustness to fluctuations of the gauge field. We make a first estimate of the computing cost of a quark propagator calculation, and compare with Neuberger's overlap.
description: 7 pages, Contribution presented at The XXVIII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, Lattice2010, June 14-19, 2010, Villasimius, Italy; v2: added acknowledgement
Aldo Manucio, el viejo
Creators: name: Audin, M.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 1908

description: Aldo Manucio, el antiguo o eI mayor, de quien se trata en el presente artículo, nació en los EstadosPontificios en 1447, y murió en Venecia en 1515. Es el príncipe de los impresores clásicos italianos.
Additional file 2 of Translation and validation of Chinese version of sense of competence in dementia care staff scale in healthcare providers: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Zhao, Yayi
name: Liu, Li
name: Ding, Yaping
name: Shan, Ye
name: Chan, Helen Y. L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Mean score and frequency of responses to each item in the Chinese version of Sense of Competence in Dementia Care Staff scale.
Thermodynamic Limits on Magnetodynamos in Rocky Exoplanets
Creators: name: Gaidos, Eric
name: Conrad, Clinton P.
name: Manga, Michael
name: Hernlund, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To ascertain whether magnetic dynamos operate in rocky exoplanets more massive or hotter than the Earth, we developed a parametric model of a differentiated rocky planet and its thermal evolution. Our model reproduces the established properties of Earth's interior and magnetic field at the present time. When applied to Venus, assuming that planet lacks plate tectonics and has a dehydrated mantle with an elevated viscosity, the model shows that the dynamo shuts down or never operated. Our model predicts that at a fixed planet mass, dynamo history is sensitive to core size, but not to the initial inventory of long-lived, heat-producing radionuclides. It predicts that rocky planets larger than 2.5 Earth masses will not develop inner cores because the temperature-pressure slope of the iron solidus becomes flatter than that of the core adiabat. Instead, iron "snow" will condense near or at the top of these cores, and the net transfer of latent heat upwards will suppress convection and a dynamo. More massive planets can have anemic dynamos due to core cooling, but only if they have mobile lids (plate tectonics). The lifetime of these dynamos is shorter with increasing planet mass but longer with higher surface temperature. Massive Venus-like planets with stagnant lids and more viscous mantles will lack dynamos altogether. We identify two alternative sources of magnetic fields on rocky planets: eddy currents induced in the hot or molten upper layers of planets on very short period orbits, and dynamos in the ionic conducting layers of "ocean" planets with ~10% mass in an upper mantle of water (ice).
description: Accepted to The Astrophysical Journal
Inter Folia Fructus: Recent Acquisitions in Medieval British Studies Exhibit Website
Creators: name: Fuderer, Laura
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description: This is a PDF of the website 'Inter Folia Fructus: Recent Acquisition in Medieval British Studies.' Originally created as a counterpart to a physical exhibit in the Rare Books and Special Collection Exhibit Room in 1999, this website provides digital access to the bibliographic information and some digital images.
Moral competency of students at a german medical school
Creators: name: Nadolny, Stephan
name: Bruns, Florian
name: Nowak, Andre
name: Schildmann, Jan
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Medical students and doctors face various challenges in clinical practice. Some of these challenges are related to ethical issues. Therefore, teaching ethics respectively building moral competences has become an integral part of the medical curriculum in Germany and many other countries. To date, there is little evidence on moral competence of medical students. Methods: Self-administered survey among medical students from one German medical school in the first (cohort 1) and fifth semester (cohort 2) in the winter term 2019/20 (T0). Both cohorts received the same questionnaire one year later in winter term 2020/21 (T1). Assessment was performed with Lind’s Moral Competence Test. We performed convenience sampling. We analyzed the data with descriptive statistics and C-Scores as a measure of moral competence (higher scores = higher competence, ≥ 30 points = high competence). Results: A total of 613 students participated in the study (response rate 67.5%, n = 288 with data on both time points). 69.6% of the participants were female, the mean age was 21.3 years. Mean C-Score for both cohorts for T0 (first and fifth semester) is 32.5 ± 18.0 and for T1 (third and seventh semester) is 30.4 ± 17.9. Overall, 6.6% (T0) and 6.7% (T1) of respondents showed some but very low moral competence. 3.3% (T0) and 3.0% (T1) showed no moral competence. Additionally, students without prior experience in the healthcare system scored 3.0 points higher. Conclusions: Improvement of assessment of moral competence as well effective interventions are particular needed for supporting those students which have been identified to demonstrate little moral competences.
СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ
Creators: name: СПИРИДОНОВА М.А.
name: КИРОВА А.А.
Publisher: name: Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук
Year: 2020
Subjects: СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО
СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЕ
СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ УСЛУГА
ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНАЯ ПРОГРАММА
ПОЛУЧАТЕЛЬ И ПОСТАВЩИК СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ УСЛУГ
WELFARE STATE
SOCIAL SERVICE
INDIVIDUAL PROGRAM
RECIPIENT AND PROVIDER OF SOCIAL SERVICES

description: Рассмотрены конституционные принципы социального государства РФ в контексте норм ст. 7 Конституции РФ и задачи, решаемые для обеспечения социального характера Российского государства. Раскрыто содержание социального обслуживания с точки зрения положений Федерального закона от 28 декабря 2013 г. № 442-ФЗ. Проанализирована трансформация законодательства РФ в части существующих ранее Федеральных законов от 10 декабря 1995 г. № 195-ФЗ и от 2 августа 1995 г. № 122-ФЗ. Приведены некоторые изменения, появившиеся в результате принятия нормативно - правового акта от 28 декабря 2013 г. № 442-ФЗ, регламентирующего функционирование института социального обслуживания в РФ.
Observation of High-speed Outflow on Plume-like Structures of the Quiet Sun and Coronal Holes with SDO/AIA
Creators: name: Tian, Hui
name: McIntosh, Scott W.
name: Habbal, Shadia Rifal
name: He, Jiansen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) reveal ubiquitous episodic outflows (jets) with an average speed around 120 km s-1 at temperatures often exceeding a million degree in plume-like structures, rooted in magnetized regions of the quiet solar atmosphere. These outflows are not restricted to the well-known plumes visible in polar coronal holes, but are also present in plume-like structures originating from equatorial coronal holes and quiet-Sun regions. Outflows are also visible in the "interplume" regions throughout the atmosphere. Furthermore, the structures traced out by these flows in both plume and inter-plume regions continually exhibit transverse (Alfvenic) motion. Our finding suggests that high-speed outflows originate mainly from the magnetic network of the quiet Sun and coronal holes, and that the plume flows observed are highlighted by the denser plasma contained therein. These outflows might be an efficient means to provide heated mass into the corona and serve as an important source of mass supply to the solar wind. We demonstrate that the quiet-Sun plume flows can sometimes significantly contaminate the spectroscopic observations of the adjacent coronal holes - greatly affecting the Doppler shifts observed, thus potentially impacting significant investigations of such regions.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, accepted by ApJ
Spectroscopic studies of halogen bonding in model systems : from one end of the electromagnetic spectrum to the other
Creators: name: Mustoe, Chantal
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: At its simplest, chemical bonding involves a combination of two dominant contributions: direct electrostatics (ionic) and electron sharing (covalent). The relative importance of these contributors has been the subject of signif- icant study in primary (intramolecular) chemical interactions. For example, the relevance and importance of covalent contributions has been a primary focus of transition metal chemistry for decades. For weaker secondary chem- ical interactions such as hydrogen bonding (HB) and halogen bonding (XB), the prevailing view in the literature is that electrostatic interactions are so dominant that covalent contributions are negligible. A notable exception is that of so-called symmetric hydrogen bonds, which exhibit large covalent contributions. With X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), we have provided the first direct experimental evidence of covalency in XB. From such studies, we ob- serve that XB exhibit a significantly higher degree of covalency compared with HB counterparts of similar bond strength. Notably, the degree of co- valency in certain XBs is equivalent to that observed in transition metal halides. Our studies provide information of the electronic changes that oc- cur in both the charge donor and charge acceptor in model systems, affording us a unique experimental view of these weak interactions. We also demon- strate the importance of covalent contributions in XBs by showing the effect of covalency in the electron transfer properties in XB-modified dye sensi- tised solar cells. These results lead us to conclude that XBs should more generally be classified as coordinate bonds (and thus identified using an ar- row) to distinguish them from significantly less covalent HBs and other weak interactions.