Tolypocladium rhizomatum M. J. Chen & B. Huang 2023, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Chen, Ming-Jun
name: Han, Yi-Ren
name: Liu, Jiang-Xin Hu Yu-Jun
name: Huang, Bo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Sordariomycetes
Hypocreales
Ophiocordycipitaceae
Tolypocladium
Tolypocladium rhizomatum

description: Tolypocladium rhizomatum M. J. Chen & B. Huang, sp. nov. Fig. 2.   
 MycoBank MB848348   
 Etymology: —The epithet refers to the isolated plant. The English name of Polygonatum cyrtonema is Rhizoma Polygonati.   
 Typification: — CHINA. Anhui Province: Xianyu Mountain National Nature Reserve, isolated from rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema, August 2021, Y.R. Han, M.J. Chen & J.X. Hu, dried culture on PDA, culture ex-holotype RCEF6720. Preserved in Research Center for entomogenous Fungi (RCEF). GenBank sequence data for RCEF6720: ITS= OP964612, SSU= OP964611, LSU= OP964610, TEF1-α= OP984017, RPB1= OQ031471.   
 Culture characteristics:— Colonies on PDA growing slowly at 25°C, after 7 days, 12–14 mm diam and 22–23 mm diam after 14 days, white, velutinous and dense. Appearing some radial grooves on outer part, intermediate region unevenly raised, and the reverse yellow. Hyphae hyaline, branched, septate, smooth-walled, 1.1-2.7 μm wide. Phialides usually solitary, laterally located or acrogenous, smooth-walled, 7.5–21.6(–37.5) ×1.1–2.5μm. usually growing on the aerial mycelium or on simple conidiophores, cylindrical or conical, occasionally and slightly swollen basally, narrowly tapering into a distinct neck approximately 0.6 μm wide, terminal phialides generally elongate; neck often bent without clear denticulate scars. Conidia globose, colorless, smooth-walled, 1.4–2.2 μm, single or aggregating in heads.   
Colonies on MEA attaining a diam. of 25–26 mm in 14 d, floccose, loose and plane, intermediate region is looser, emerging shallow radial grooves, reverse yellow. Hyphae white, composed of branched, septate, smooth-walled, hyaline hyphae, 1–2.8 μm wide. Phialides solitary, laterally located or acrogenous, smooth-walled, (8.6–)9.7–17.7(–20.6) × 0.9–2.2 μm, usually growing on the aerial mycelium or on simple conidiophores, cylindrical or conical, slightly swollen basally, narrowly tapering into a distinct neck approximately 0.6 μm wide, terminal phialides generally elongate; neck often bent without clear denticulate scars. Conidia globose to ovoid, hyaline, smooth-walled, 1.4-2.2 and 1.7–2.7 × 1.2–2.2 μm.  
Colonies on OA attaining a diam. of 28–29 mm in 14 d, mycelium loose, flocculent, plane, intermediate region dense, farinose when sporulating, reverse white. Hyphae white, composed of branched, septate, smooth-walled, hyaline hyphae, 1.2–2.6 μm wide. Phialides solitary, laterally located or acrogenous, smooth-walled, (4.1–)6.2–18.5(–25.8) × 0.9–2.2 μm, usually growing on the aerial mycelium or on simple conidiophores, cylindrical or conical, slightly swollen basally, occasionally swelled to ovoid, 5–6 × 2–3 μm, narrowly tapering into a distinct neck approximately 0.6 μm wide, terminal phialides generally elongate; neck often bent without clear denticulate scars. Conidia globose to ovoid, hyaline, smooth-walled, 1.5–2.0 and 1.8–2.7 × 1.5–1.8 μm.  
 Notes: — Tolypocladium album, T. endophyticum, T. amazonense and T. tropicale are phylogenetically and morphologically close to T. rhizomatum. All of them were isolated from dead or living plants (Gams, 1980; Gazis et al., 2014). However, the phialides of T. rhizomatum on PDA are longer and have slender necks. (Table 2).
description: Published as part of Chen, Ming-Jun, Han, Yi-Ren, Liu, Jiang-Xin Hu Yu-Jun & Huang, Bo, 2023, Tolypocladium rhizomatum sp. nov.: an endophytic species isolated from the rhizome of Polygonatum cyrtonema, pp. 201-210 in Phytotaxa 606 (3) on pages 206-207, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.606.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8202629