cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Antimatter weapons (1946-1986): From Fermi and Teller's speculations to the first open scientific publications
Creators: name: Gsponer, Andre
name: Hurni, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We recall the early theoretical speculations on the possible explosive uses of antimatter, from 1946 to the first production of antiprotons, at Berkeley in 1955, and until the first capture of cold antiprotons, at CERN on July 17-18, 1986, as well as the circumstances of the first presentation at a scientific conference of the correct physical processes leading to the ignition of a large scale thermonuclear explosion using less than a few micrograms of antimatter as trigger, at Madrid on June 30th - July 4th, 1986.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, 37 references. Major revision. Important evidence and one more section added
On the Power to Constrain the Accretion History of Massive Black Holes via Spin Measurements by Upcoming X-Ray Telescopes
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaoxia
name: Lu, Youjun
name: Wang, Dandan
name: Fang, Taotao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin distribution of massive black holes (MBHs) contains rich information on their assembly history. However, only limited information can be extracted from currently available spin measurements of MBHs owing to the small sample size and large measurement uncertainties. Upcoming X-ray telescopes with improved spectral resolution and larger effective area are expected to provide new insights into the growth history of MBHs. Here we investigate, at a proof of concept level, how stringent constraints can be placed on the accretion history of MBHs by the spin measurements from future X-ray missions. We assume a toy model consisting of a two-phase accretion history composed of an initial coherent phase with a constant disk orientation, followed by a chaotic phase with random disk orientations in each accretion episode. By utilizing mock spin data generated from such models and performing Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations, we find that most accretion models of MBHs can be reconstructed provided that $\gtrsim100$ MBH spins are measured with an accuracy of $\lesssim0.1$. We also quantify the precision of the reconstructed parameters by adopting various combinations of sample sizes and spin accuracies, and find that the sample size is more crucial to model reconstruction once the spin accuracy reaches $\sim 0.1$. To some extent, a better spin accuracy will compensate for a small sample size and vice versa. Future X-ray missions such as the Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics and the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission, may provide spin measurements of $\gtrsim100$ MBHs with an uncertainty of $\sim0.04-0.1$ and will thus put strong constraints on the MBH growth history.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
[Letter from Jean-Baptiste Edouard Bornet]
Creators: name: Bornet, Jean-Baptiste Edouard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1908

description: Has sent a recommendation to the Nansen Foundation. Expresses gratitude for the paper “Die Lithothamnion der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903” and for three more papers. Will return the plates when they arrive.
Superlattice properties of carbon nanotubes in a transverse electric field
Creators: name: Kibis, O. V.
name: Parfitt, D. G. W.
name: Portnoi, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron motion in a (n,1) carbon nanotube is shown to correspond to a de Broglie wave propagating along a helical line on the nanotube wall. This helical motion leads to periodicity of the electron potential energy in the presence of an electric field normal to the nanotube axis. The period of this potential is proportional to the nanotube radius and is greater than the interatomic distance in the nanotube. As a result, the behavior of an electron in a (n,1) nanotube subject to a transverse electric field is similar to that in a semiconductor superlattice. In particular, Bragg scattering of electrons from the long-range periodic potential results in the opening of gaps in the energy spectrum of the nanotube. Modification of the bandstructure is shown to be significant for experimentally attainable electric fields, which raises the possibility of applying this effect to novel nanoelectronic devices.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Sizable spin-transfer torque in Bi/Ni80Fe20 bilayer film
Creators: name: Matsushima, M.
name: Miwa, S.
name: Sakamoto, S.
name: Shinjo, T.
name: Ohshima, R.
name: Ando, Y.
name: Fuseya, Y.
name: Shiraishi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for efficient spin conversion in Bi has attracted great attention in spin-orbitronics. In the present work, we employ spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance to investigate spin conversion in Bi/Ni80Fe20(Py) bilayer films with continuously varying Bi thickness. In contrast with previous studies, sizable spin-transfer torque (i.e., a sizable spin-conversion effect) is observed in Bi/Py bilayer film. Considering the absence of spin conversion in Bi/yttrium-iron-garnet bilayers and the enhancement of spin conversion in Bi-doped Cu, the present results indicate the importance of material combinations to generate substantial spin-conversion effects in Bi.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures (to appear in Applied Physics Letters)
Unquenching the Quark Model and Screened Potentials
Creators: name: Swanson, Eric S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-lying spectrum of the quark model is shown to be robust under the effects of `unquenching'. In contrast, the use of screened potentials is shown to be of limited use in models of hadrons. Applications to unquenching the lattice Wilson loop potential and to glueball mixing in the adiabatic hybrid spectrum are also presented.
description: 6 pages, 3 ps figures, revtex. Version to appear in J. Phys. G
Stress driven fractionalization of vacancies in regular packings of elastic particles
Creators: name: Yao, Zhenwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elucidating the interplay of defect and stress at the microscopic level is a fundamental physical problem that has strong connection with materials science. Here, based on the two-dimensional crystal model, we show that the instability mode of vacancies with varying size and morphology conforms to a common scenario. A vacancy under compression is fissioned into a pair of dislocations that glide and vanish at the boundary. This neat process is triggered by the local shear stress around the vacancy. The remarkable fractionalization of vacancies creates rich modes of interaction between vacancies and other topological defects, and provides a new dimension for mechanical engineering of defects in extensive crystalline structures.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Analytical Derivation of Second-Order Deflection in Equatorial Plane of a Radially Moving Kerr-Newman Black Hole
Creators: name: He, Guansheng
name: Lin, Wenbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we base on the second-order post-Minkowskian equations of motion, and apply an iterative technique to analytically derive the gravitational deflection of the relativistic particles in the equatorial plane of Kerr-Newman black hole with a radial (or longitudinal) and constant velocity. We find that the kinematically correctional effects on the second-order contributions to the deflection can be expressed into a very compact form, which are valid for both the massive particle and photon. Our result reduces to the previous formulation for the first-order deflection caused by a moving Schwarzschild black hole when the second-order contributions are dropped.
EFFECTS OF THE DUTIES ON CANADIAN HARD RED SPRING WHEAT
Creators: name: Mattson, Jeremy W.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Baek, Jungho
name: Mattson, Jeremy W.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Baek, Jungho
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: wheat
subject: imports
subject: Canada
subject: farm price
subject: countervailing duties
subject: antidumping duties

description: Since the United States imposed antidumping and countervailing duties totaling 14.16 percent on imports of Canadian hard red spring (HRS) wheat, Canadian exports to the United States have nearly stopped. This study examines the changes in U.S. wheat imports from Canada. An econometric model is developed and estimated to determine the effects of the decline in HRS wheat imports on U.S. farm price and producer revenue. The substantial decline in HRS wheat imports from Canada from the 1997/98 - 2001/02 levels to the current levels is found to have increased the spring wheat price received by farmers by about $0.15 per bushel. With the average yearly HRS wheat production totaling 481 million bushels, this price increase means an increase in annual income of $74 million. The increase in price also leads to an increase in production, and domestic sales replace imports. This increase in production leads to an additional increase in revenue of $27 million per year. The total increase in revenue for the U.S. HRS wheat industry is about $101 million per year. Some of the decline in Canadian HRS wheat exports to the United States could be due to a weakening U.S. dollar and below average Canadian production, but most is likely due to the U.S. imposition of antidumping and countervailing duties.
THE RELATIVE IMPACT OF NATIONAL MONETARY POLICIES AND INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE RATE ON LONG-TERM VARIATIONS IN RELATIVE AGRICULTURAL POLICIES
Creators: name: Cho, Guedae
name: Kim, MinKyoung
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Cho, Guedae
name: Kim, MinKyoung
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: long-term variation of agricultural prices
subject: exchange rates
subject: money supply

description: This paper seeks to explain the causes of the long-term variation in food and agricultural prices compared to the overall price level in the United States, over the period of 1974-1996. Using cointegration methods, this study confirms a general consensus of long-run neutrality of national money (money supply) and gives practical evidence of the real impact of international money (exchange rate) on the long-term variation of relative agricultural price in the United States, especially during the 1974-1988 period.
Improved Calculation of Electroweak Radiative Corrections and the Value of V_ud
Creators: name: Marciano, William J.
name: Sirlin, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method for computing hadronic effects on electroweak radiative corrections to low-energy weak interaction semileptonic processes is described. It employs high order perturbative QCD results originally derived for the Bjorken sum rule along with a large N QCD-motivated interpolating function that matches long and short-distance loop contributions. Applying this approach to the extraction of the CKM matrix element V_ud from superallowed nuclear beta decays reduces the theoretical loop uncertainty by about a factor of 2 and gives V_ud = 0.97377(11)(15)(19). Implications for CKM unitarity are briefly discussed.
description: 12 pages, no figures. Ref. [8] corrected
Reinink, G. J.: Syriac Christianity under Late Sasanian and Early Islamic Rule
Creators: name: Rist, Josef
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 91 (2007): Oriens christianus, Band 91
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE FARM BILL PROPOSALS
Creators: name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Bill
subject: Targeting
subject: North Dakota Representative Farms
subject: H.R. 2646
subject: National Farmers Union
subject: American Farm Bureau

description: Various farm organizations and political parties are taking sides on whether the FAIR Act needs to be scraped or just modified. This study analyzes three such proposals: the U.S. House of Representatives proposal (H.R. 2646), the American Farm Bureau proposal, and the National Farmers Union proposal. The continuation of the FAIR Act is also included as an another alternative. The H.R. 2646 and the American Farm Bureau proposals are modifications of the FAIR Act while the National Farmers Union proposal is a totally redesigned bill. The H.R. 2646 and the Farm Bureau proposals are very similar in their results. They provide higher net farm income for the large size farm than the Farmers Union proposal does early in the forecast period, but the Farmers Union proposal provides higher net farm income in the last three years of the time period. The Farmers Union proposal provides higher net farm income for the medium and small size farm than either the H.R. 2646 or the Farm Bureau proposals because of the targeting feature. The FAIR Act provides less net farm income for all size farms than any other proposal.
[Letter from Marshall Avery Howe]
Creators: name: Howe, Marshall Avery
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1907

description: Expresses gratitude for the determination of the two new species, Goniolithon affine and G. solubile, and for his interest in studying the Jamaican corallines. Encloses a list of foreign botanists to whom he has sent copies of the paper, “Two new Coralline Algae from Culebra, Porto Rico”. Has also sent copies to all American botanists interested in the matter.
Switchable bifunctional metasurfaces: nearly perfect retroreflection and absorption at THz regime
Creators: name: Zhu, Shan
name: Cao, Yanyan
name: Fu, Yangyang
name: Li, Xiaochao
name: Gao, Lei
name: Chen, Huanyang
name: Xu, Yadong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we make use of vanadium dioxide (VO2) to design a bifunctional metasurface working at the same targeted frequency. With the increase of temperature, the functionality of the designed metasurface can switch from a multi-channel retroreflector to a perfect absorber, caused by the phase transition of VO2 from insulator to conductor. Different from traditional bifunctional metasurfaces designed by simple composition of two functionalities, our proposed bifunctional metasurface is based on the interaction between two functionalities. The device shows good potential for the combination of wavefront manipulation and optical absorption, therefore providing a promising approach for switchable detection and anti-detection devices.
description: Accepted by Optics Letters
ISSUES IN DEVELOPMENT AND ADOPTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) WHEATS
Creators: name: Wilson, William W.
name: Janzen, Edward L.
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
name: Wachenheim, Cheryl J.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Janzen, Edward L.
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
name: Wachenheim, Cheryl J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: wheat
subject: genetic modification
subject: transgenic
subject: marketing

description: Development of genetically modified (GM) wheat varieties is proceeding; however, several critical issues remain the focus of contention. This project summarizes the current state of knowledge on some of these critical issues for commercialization of GM wheats. Background on the evolution of GM Wheats is presented. Then, agronomic adoption and competitiveness of GM crops; research on GM traits in wheat; consumer acceptance of GM crops (a separate section is included on issues related to consumer acceptance of GM crops); regulatory issues and status; international trade; testing, segregation, and identity preservation; and production and marketing risks are examined. Finally, there is a description of the likely marketing system to evolve and a discussion of outstanding issues.
Three-loop electroweak corrections to the rho-parameter, sin^2 theta_eff and the W-boson mass in the large Higgs mass limit
Creators: name: Boughezal, R.
name: Tausk, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A review of the calculation of the leading three-loop electroweak corrections to the rho-parameter, sin^2 theta_eff and the W-boson mass is presented. The heavy Higgs mass expansion and the renormalization are discussed.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, latex, presented at the XXIX Conference of Theoretical Physics: Matter to the Deepest, Ustron, Poland, 8-14 September 2005
Behavioural and electrophysiological binaural masking level difference
Creators: name: Wong, Winnie Y. S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The binaural masking level difference (BMLD) is a psychoacoustic phenomenon that demonstrates how we benefit from using both ears when detecting signals in noise, especially when they are presented with an interaural phase difference. The behavioural BMLD is believed to reflect brainstem processing. However, this conflicts with results from past research of transient auditory evoked potentials, which suggest that the BMLD is generated at the cortical level and not at the brainstem or thalamus level. The objective of the present study is to investigate the brainstem and cortical mechanisms underlying the BMLD in humans using the auditory steady-state response (ASSR). A 500-Hz pure-tone, amplitude-modulated (AM) at 80 Hz and 7(orl3)-Hz, was used to elicit brainstem and cortical ASSRs, respectively. The masker was a 200-Hz-wide noise centred on 500 Hz. Eleven adult subjects with normal hearing were tested. Both ASSR (brainstem and cortical) and behavioural thresholds for diotic AM stimuli (when the signal and noise are in phase binaurally: S₀N₀) and dichotic AM stimuli (when either the signal or noise is 180° out-ofphase between the two ears: S[sub π]N₀, S₀N[sub π]) were investigated. ASSR and behavioural BMLDs were obtained by subtracting the threshold for the dichotic stimuli from that for the diotic stimuli, respectively. Effects for modulation rate, signal vs noise phase changes, and behavioural vs ASSR measure on the BMLD were investigated. Behavioural BMLDs (means = 8.5-10.5 dB) obtained are consistent with results from past research. The ASSR results are similar to the pattern of results previously found for the transient auditory brainstem responses and the N1-P2 cortical auditory evoked potentials, such that only the cortical ASSRs (7 or 13 Hz) demonstrate BMLDs (mean = 5.8 dB) but the brainstem ASSRs (80 Hz) (mean = 1.5 dB) do not. This suggests that brain processes underlying the BMLD occur either in a different pathway or beyond the brainstem auditory processing, and are at or before the auditory cortical processing. The ASSR results differ from the previous transient N1-P2 studies, however, in that the cortical ASSRs show a BMLD only when there is a change in the signal interaural phase, but not for changes of noise interaural phase. This suggests that the cortical ASSRs are not directly related to the transient N1-P2 responses, and that they may reflect the output of neural populations which previous research has shown to be insensitive to binaural differences in noise.
تفاوت سبک مدیریت زنان و مردان، ضرورتِ حضور زنان در عرصه های مدیریتی
Creators: name: Tavassoli, Afsaneh
name: Ensie Jalalvand
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: شرايط فرهنگى حاكم بر جامعه همچنان علايقى را در سطح جامعه به نمايش می گذارد كه مانع ارزش گذاری واقعى فعالیت مديران زن در جامعه می شود. باور غلط به برتر بودن جنس مذكر نسبت به مؤنث از جهت قدرت مديريتى، گرايش به مردسالارى در انتصاب مديران، باور به اينکه زنان در موضع تصمیم گیری محتاطانه تر عمل می كنند، باور به عاطفی تر و احساسی تر بودن و... از باورهايى است كه در اين زمینه تأثیر می گذارند. مديريت فعالیتی كه در آن خلاقیت های انسانی با بهره گیری از فنون، تخصص، مهارتها و تجارب در هم می آمیزدو هیچگاه نبايست عاملی همچون جنسیت زمینه ساز شکل گیری عدم توازن و تعادل در آن باشد. آنچه در سبک مديريت علاوه بر ويژگیهای روانشناختی اهمیت دارد، برخورداری از تخصص و تحربه و مهارت است كه فارغ از مقوله جنسیت است و تمام افراد انسانی به تناسب اين توانمندی ها شايسته آن هستند كه به عرصه های مديريتی وارد شده و در آن پیشرفت كنند. اين مقاله با محوريت اين ايده،با بررسی مفاهیمی چون سقف شیشه ای و موانع دستیابی زنان به عرصه های مديریتی بالاتر، تفاوت سبکهای مديريت زنان و مردان راضرورتِ حضور همه جانبه زنان و مردان در كنار يکديگر در عرصه های مديريتی تحلیل كرده است كه اين مسئله امروزه بیش از پیشضرورت سازمان ها و نهادها و ارگان هاست كه از تمام ظرفیتهای متفاوت و مکمل زنان و مردان در عرصه های مديريتی جهت دستیابیبه اهداف مورد نظر خود استفاده كنند.
Towards Auditability Requirements Specification Using an Agent-Based Approach
Creators: name: de Albuquerque, Denis J. S.
name: Nunes, Vanessa Tavares
name: Cappelli, Claudia
name: Ralha, Celia Ghedini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.1

description: Transparency is an important factor in democratic societies composed of characteristics such as accessibility, usability, informativeness, understandability and auditability. In this research we focus on auditability since it plays an important role for citizens that need to understand and audit public information. Although auditability has been a subject of discussion when designing systems, there is a lack of systematization in its specification. We propose an approach to systematically add auditability requirements specification during the goal-oriented agent-based Tropos methodology. We used the Transparency Softgoal Interdependency Graph that captures the different facets of transparency while considering their operationalization. An empirical evaluation was conducted through the design and implementation of LawDisTrA system that distributes lawsuits among judges in an appellate court. Experiments included the distribution of over 300,000 lawsuits at the Brazilian Superior Labor Court. We theorize that the presented approach for auditability provides adequate techniques to address the cross-organizational nature of transparency.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, see https://aircconline.com/abstract/ijsea/v11n3/11320ijsea02.html
DKA protocol in medical ICU
Creators: name: Willphine, Mini
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Purpose: Diabetic keto acidosis is one of the major metabolic complications of Diabetes. American Diabetic Association recommends structured order sets to ensure high quality inpatient care for hospitalized diabetic patients. This study was conducted to develop, implement, and evaluate an evidence-based DKA protocol to improve DKA management in the adult medical ICU. Methodology: This quality improvement project used a quasi- experimental design to develop, implement and evaluate an evidence-based DKA protocol. Evidence-based DKA protocol was developed based on American Diabetic Association (ADA) 2009 guidelines. Implementation included the education of end-users and incorporation in to the Electronic Health Record (EHR) system. Evaluation was done using a web-based survey of providers to assess their attitudes with regard to the protocol and different aspects of DKA management. Adherence to the protocol was measured as well by the percentage of the total DKA patients on whom the new order set was initiated during the month of implementation. Results: The new evidence-based DKA protocol was implemented with 67% adherence rate among providers with the initiation of the protocol. Most providers found the new order set to be user-friendly, helping to manage DKA than with the traditional approach of treating DKA in the institution. A total of 23 providers answered the survey out of which 75% found the new order set to be highly or extremely effective in the majority of categories of DKA management surveyed such as initiating insulin drip, correcting electrolytes, switching IV fluids, and titrating insulin drip rate and time to closure the anion gap. Implications for practice: Evidence-based DKA protocol facilitated the effective management of DKA at the project site. DKA management is standardized in the institution, which causes less confusion and help streamline the process. There is less delay in initiating IV fluids, insulin, and electrolyte repletion with the convenience of a standardized order set. The findings of this study can be a basis for future evaluation of outcomes such as Length of stay and Anion Gap closure time. The new DKA protocol has become part of the policy and procedure with the successful implementation of the protocol.
Risk and Risk Management in Organic and Conventional Dairy Farming: Empirical Results from Norway
Creators: name: Lien, Gudbrand D.
name: Flaten, Ola
name: Ebbesvik, Martha
name: Koesling, Matthias
name: Valle, Paul Steinar
name: Lien, Gudbrand D.
name: Flaten, Ola
name: Ebbesvik, Martha
name: Koesling, Matthias
name: Valle, Paul Steinar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The objective of this study was to provide empirical insight into dairy farmers' goals, relative risk attitude, sources of risk and risk management responses. The study also examines whether organic dairy farming, leads to important risk sources not experienced in conventional farming and, if so, how those extra risks is managed. The data originate from a questionnaire survey of conventional (n=370) and organic (n=160) dairy farmers in Norway. The results show that organic farmers have somewhat different goals than conventional farmers, and that the average organic farmer is less risk averse. Institutional risk was perceived as the most important source of risk, independently of conventional or organic production system, while organic farmers indicated greater concern about forage yield risk. Keeping cash on hand was the most important strategy to manage risk for all dairy farmers. Diversification and different kinds of flexibility was regarded as a more important risk management strategies among organic than conventional farmers.
On Dynamical Systems With Slow Recurrence Time
Creators: name: Shkredov, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using a result of Behrend concerning sets without arithmetic progressions, we construct some examples of dynamical systems with slow time of multiple recurrence. Our theorem is a quatitative analog of Furstenberg's Correspondence Principle.
description: 18 pages
Paperclip at $θ=π$
Creators: name: Lukyanov, S. L.
name: Tsvelik, A. M.
name: Zamolodchikov, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ``paperclip'' model of boundary interaction with the topological angle $θ$ equal to $π$. We propose exact expression for the disk partition function in terms of solutions of certain ordinary differential equation. Large distance asymptotic form of the partition function which follows from this proposal makes it possible to identify the infrared fixed point of the paperclip boundary flow at $θ=π$.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
Cropping Structures Adjustments Under Water Limitations in the Egyptian Agriculture
Creators: name: Abdou, Amin I.
name: Abdou, Amin I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Using programming methods, the two models of cropping structures suggested by the study were remarkably different. The first model considered water availability levels, while the second tried to optimize its use. As such, some cash crops were excluded from the second model as water extensive users, such as some kinds of fruits. Hence, the second type models expected net revenues and benefit-cost ratios dropped to nearly one-third the corresponding estimates of the first type, and about 10-20% higher than those of the actual cropping structures in average. Accordingly, encouraging farmers to adopt cropping patterns of rational water use would be in vain unless fortified by taxation tools and guidance toward efficient methods of cost reduction and/or yields promotion.
Steenrod squares on conjugation spaces
Creators: name: Franz, Matthias
name: Puppe, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 55M35; Secondary 14P25, 55N91, 55S10

description: We prove that the coefficients of the so-called conjugation equation for conjugation spaces in the sense of Hausmann-Holm-Puppe are completely determined by Steenrod squares. This generalises a result of V.A. Krasnov for certain complex algebraic varieties. It also leads to a generalisation of a formula given by Borel and Haefliger, thereby largely answering an old question of theirs in the affirmative.
description: 4 pages
A Knowledge-Enhanced Recommendation Model with Attribute-Level Co-Attention
Creators: name: Yang, Deqing
name: Song, Zengcun
name: Xue, Lvxin
name: Xiao, Yanghua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely employed in recommender systems including incorporating attention mechanism for performance improvement. However, most of existing attention-based models only apply item-level attention on user side, restricting the further enhancement of recommendation performance. In this paper, we propose a knowledge-enhanced recommendation model ACAM, which incorporates item attributes distilled from knowledge graphs (KGs) as side information, and is built with a co-attention mechanism on attribute-level to achieve performance gains. Specifically, each user and item in ACAM are represented by a set of attribute embeddings at first. Then, user representations and item representations are augmented simultaneously through capturing the correlations between different attributes by a co-attention module. Our extensive experiments over two realistic datasets show that the user representations and item representations augmented by attribute-level co-attention gain ACAM's superiority over the state-of-the-art deep models.
[Letter from Anna Antoinette Weber van Bosse]
Creators: name: Weber Van Bosse, Anna Antoinette
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1904

description: Encloses a list of those to whom she has sent a copy of their paper under both names (Wille, Gran, Kjellman, Wittrock, Nordstedt, Kolderup-Rosenvinge, Børgesen, Ostenfeld, Reinbold, Möbius, Rothpletz, Martin, Bornet, Sauvageau, Gomont, Chalon, Wright, De Toni, Setchell, Farlow, Yendo, Okamusa, Lignier, Lohman, Lemmerman, Vickers, Went, Janse, Solms-Laubach).
Axisymmetric and triaxial MOND density-potential pairs
Creators: name: Ciotti, L.
name: Londrillo, P.
name: Nipoti, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple method, based on the deformation of spherically symmetric potentials, to construct explicit axisymmetric and triaxial MOND density-potential pairs. General guidelines to the choice of suitable deformations, so that the resulting density distribution is nowhere negative, are presented. This flexible method offers for the first time the possibility to study the MOND gravitational field for sufficiently general and realistic density distributions without resorting to sophisticated numerical codes. The technique is illustrated by constructing the MOND density-potential pair for a triaxial galaxy model that, in the absence of deformation, reduces to the Hernquist sphere. Such analytical solutions are also relevant to test and validate numerical codes. Here we present a new numerical potential solver designed to solve the MOND field equation for arbitrary density distributions: the code is tested with excellent results against the analytic MOND triaxial Hernquist model and the MOND razor-thin Kuzmin disk, and a simple application is finally presented.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Classification of Dark Solitons via Topological Vector Potentials
Creators: name: Zhao, Li-Chen
name: Qin, Yan-Hong
name: Liu, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark soliton is one of most interesting nonlinear excitations in physical systems, manifesting a spatially localized density "dip" on a uniform background accompanied with a phase jump across the dip. However, the topological properties of the dark solitons are far from fully understood. Our investigation for the first time uncover a vector potential underlying the nonlinear excitation whose line integral gives the striking phase jump. More importantly, we find that the vector potential field has a topological configuration in analogous to the Wess-Zumino term in a Lagrangian representation. It can induce some point-like magnetic fields scattered periodically on a complex plane, each of them has a quantized magnetic flux of elementary $π$. We then calculate the Euler characteristic of the topological manifold of the vector potential field and classify all known dark solitions according to the index.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
$ΔΔ$ dibaryon structure in extended chiral SU(3) quark model
Creators: name: Dai, Lian-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of $ΔΔ$ dibaryon is studied in the extended chiral SU(3) quark model in which vector meson exchanges are included. The effect from the vector meson fields is very similar to that from the one-gluon exchange (OGE) interaction. Both in the chiral SU(3) quark model and in the extended chiral SU(3) quark model, the resultant mass of the $ΔΔ$ dibaryon is lower than the threshold of the $ΔΔ$ channel but higher than that of the $ΔNπ$ channel.
description: 3 pages, to be published in Chin. Phys. Lett
The Debt Ratio and Risk
Creators: name: Svendsen, Soren
name: Svendsen, Soren
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The agricultural development has caused still bigger and more expensive farms in Denmark. The debt ratio therefore has increased and has become a severe problem for the farmer. The magnitude of the debt ratio is the highest in Europe. The objective of this study is to analyse the possibility to optimise the debt ratio. In order to analyse the debt ratio 1200 financial statements have been investigated. The study confirms that it is impossible to optimise the debt ratio in line with Modigliani & Miller. On the other hand the study points out an inoptimal range, which is in accordance with the 'Trade-off Theory of Capital Structure'. That is on the high end of the scale. Finally the study demonstrates a significant correlation between the debt ratio and the financial risk.
Counseling Brazilian Farmers on Their Management Activities
Creators: name: Canziani, Jose Roberto Fernandes
name: Peres, Fernando Curi
name: De Noronha, Jose Ferreira
name: Canziani, Jose Roberto Fernandes
name: Peres, Fernando Curi
name: De Noronha, Jose Ferreira
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Brazilian farm management
subject: counseling farmers
subject: matrix of management activities.

description: The study identified some reasons that explain the limited use of scientific management tools by Brazilian farmers. A matrix of management activities was built to classify these reasons. Primary data used in the study were collected during two phases. During the first, 8 focus group manned by cash crop farmers, beef cattle farmers, and extension agents and counselors, were used to produce qualitative information. During the second phase, quantitative informations were collected via a survey with 494individual questionnaires applied to the same public covered by phase one. For the statistical tests performed 95% of significance was required. Some conclusions of the study are: (1) farmers differ significantly from extension agents or counselors on farm management subjects; (2) farmers do not alter their strategic production plans in response to price changes or other signals perceived as short or mid term movements due to costs of changes in their production processes; (3) in organizing their human resources structure farms tend to concentrate into their hands amounts of responsibilities larger than they can handle; (4) in organizing their financial flows there is a large gap between the desired level of details and their abilities to collect the data; and (5) the major difficulties faced in the function of controlling are linked with problems of collecting data. This is due to low levels of formal education that characterize the farm-hired labor.
Emergent topology under slow non-adiabatic quantum dynamics
Creators: name: Ye, Junchen
name: Li, Fuxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterization of equilibrium topological quantum phases by non-equilibrium quench dynamics provides a novel and efficient scheme in detecting topological invariants defined in equilibrium. Nevertheless, most of the previous studies have focused on the ideal sudden quench regime. Here we provide a generic non-adiabatic protocol of slowly quenching the system Hamiltonian, and investigate the non-adiabatic dynamical characterization scheme of topological phase. The {\it slow} quench protocol is realized by introducing a Coulomb-like Landau-Zener problem, and it can describe, in a unified way, the crossover from sudden quench regime (deep non-adiabatic limit) to adiabatic regime. By analytically obtaining the final state vector after non-adiabatic evolution, we can calculate the time-averaged spin polarization and the corresponding topological spin texture. We find that the topological invariants of the post-quench Hamiltonian are characterized directly by the values of spin texture on the band inversion surfaces. Compared to the sudden quench regime, where one has to take an additional step to calculate the {\it gradients} of spin polarization, this non-adiabatic characterization provides a {\it minimal} scheme in detecting the topological invariants. Our findings are not restricted to 1D and 2D topological phases under Coulomb-like quench protocol, but are also valid for higher dimensional system or different quench protocol.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Viable Small Scale Farming in Norway
Creators: name: Heie, Knut
name: Heie, Knut
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Norway, on Europe's northern fringe, is characterised by small-scale farming. The choice of crops and their yields are limited by the Nordic climate. Farm policies promote decentralisation and a varied farm structure in order to secure rural settlement, food security, food safety, environmental quality and sustainability. Agriculture receives substantial public support, and domestic production is largely protected from foreign competition. The author has a smallholding of 5 ha farmland and 15 ha forest. Being a retired farm economics adviser, he now wishes to farm the smallholding more or less full-time. The production of pick-your-own raspberries, cut and dried flowers, honey, bread grain and timber will presumable secure sufficient employment and income in the years ahead.
UV-Photoinduced Defects In Ge-Doped Optical Fibers
Creators: name: Messina, F.
name: Cannas, M.
name: Medjahdi, K.
name: Boukenter, A.
name: Ouerdane, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the effect of continuous-wave (cw) UV laser radiation on single-mode Ge-doped H2- loaded optical fibers. An innovative technique was developed to measure the optical absorption (OA) induced in the samples by irradiation, and to study its dependence from laser fluence. The combined use of the electron spin resonance (ESR) technique allowed the structural identification of several radiation-induced point defects, among which the Ge(1) (GeO4 -) is found to be responsible of induced OA in the investigated spectral region.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
The unstable integral homology of the mapping class groups of a surface with boundary
Creators: name: Godin, Veronique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32G15;57T20

description: We construct a graph complex calculating the integral ho- mology of the bordered mapping class groups. We compute the ho- mology of the bordered mapping class groups of various surfaces. Using the circle action on this graph complex, we build a double complex and a spectral sequence converging to the homology of the unbordered mapping class groups. We compute the homology of the punctured mapping class groups associated to certain surfaces. Finally, we use Miller's operad to get the first Kudo-Araki and Browder operations on our graph complex. We also consider an unstable version of the higher Kudo-Araki-Dyer-Lashoff operations.
description: 41 pages, 10 figures
Sur le statut référentiel des entités nommées
Creators: name: Poibeau, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show in this paper that, on the one hand, named entities can be designated using different denominations and that, on the second hand, names denoting named entities are polysemous. The analysis cannot be limited to reference resolution but should take into account naming strategies, which are mainly based on two linguistic operations: synecdoche and metonymy. Lastly, we present a model that explicitly represents the different denominations in discourse, unifying the way to represent linguistic knowledge and world knowledge.
description: 11 pages
Micron-scale SABRE-enhanced NV-NMR Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Arunkumar, Nithya
name: Bucher, Dominik B.
name: Turner, Matthew J.
name: TomHon, Patrick
name: Glenn, David
name: Lehmkuhl, Soren
name: Lukin, Mikhail D.
name: Park, Hongkun
name: Rosen, Matthew S.
name: Theis, Thomas
name: Walsworth, Ronald L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optically-probed nitrogen-vacancy (NV) quantum defects in diamond can detect nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals with high-spectral resolution from micron-scale sample volumes of about 10 picoliters. However, a key challenge for NV-NMR is detecting samples at millimolar concentrations. Here, we demonstrate an improvement in NV-NMR proton concentration sensitivity of about $10^5$ over thermal polarization by hyperpolarizing sample proton spins through signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), enabling micron-scale NMR of small molecule sample concentrations as low as 1 millimolar in picoliter volumes. The SABRE-enhanced NV-NMR technique may enable detection and chemical analysis of low concentration molecules and their dynamics in complex micron-scale systems such as single-cells.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Adiabatic mass loss in binary stars. III. From the base of the red giant branch to the tip of asymptotic giant branch
Creators: name: Ge, Hongwei
name: Webbink, Ronald F
name: Chen, Xuefei
name: Han, Zhanwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distinguishing feature of the evolution of close binary stars is the role played by the mass exchange between the component stars. Whether the mass transfer is dynamically stable is one of the essential questions in binary evolution. In the limit of extremely rapid mass transfer, the response of a donor star in an interacting binary becomes asymptotically one of adiabatic expansion. We use the adiabatic mass loss model to systematically survey the thresholds for dynamical timescale mass transfer over the entire span of possible donor star evolutionary states. We also simulate mass loss process with isentropic envelopes, the specific entropy of which is fixed to be that at the base of the convective envelope, to artificially mimic the effect of such mass loss in superadiabatic surface convection regions, where the adiabatic approximation fails. We illustrate the general adiabatic response of 3.2 Msun donor stars at different evolutionary stages. We extend our study to a grid of donor stars with different masses (from 0.1 to 100 Msun with Z = 0.02) and at different evolutionary stages. We proceed to present our criteria for dynamically unstable mass transfer in both tabular and graphical forms. For red giant branch and asymptotic giant branch donors in systems with such mass ratios, they may have convective envelopes deep enough to evolve into common envelopes on a thermal timescale, if the donor star overfills its outer Lagrangian radius. Our results show that the red giant branch and asymptotic giant branch stars tend to be more stable than previously believed, and this may be helpful to explain the abundance of observed post-AGB binary stars with an orbital period of around 1000 days.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables; Accepted for publication in ApJ
Hyperfine-driven persistent currents in mesoscopic rings based on a 2D electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit interaction
Creators: name: Cherkaskiy, V. A.
name: Shevchenko, S. N.
name: Rozhavsky, A. S.
name: Vagner, I. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed theory of induced persistent current produced by hyperfine interaction in mesoscopic rings based on a 2D-electron (hole) gas in the absence of external magnetic field. The persistent current emerges due to combined action of the hyperfine interaction of charge carriers with polarized nuclei, spin-orbit interaction and Berry phase.