Lyophyllum edulis S. M. Tang & S. H. Li 2025, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Tang, Song-Ming
name: Yu, Feng-Ming
name: Karunarathna, Samantha C.
name: Luo, Zong-Long
name: Niu, Kai-Yang
name: Li, Rui-Yu
name: Li, Lin
name: Su, Xi-Jun
name: Li, Shu-Hong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Agaricales
Lyophyllaceae
Lyophyllum
Lyophyllum edulis

description: Lyophyllum edulis S. M. Tang & S. H. Li sp. nov.
Figs 2 A, B, 3, 4
Etymology.
The epithet “ edulis ” refers to the edibility of this species; locally it is considered a delicacy.
Holotype.
China, Sichuan Province: Jiuzhaigou County, elev. 2,100 m, October 12, 2023, Song-Ming Tang, L 6737 (HKAS 135644!).
Description.
Pileus 3–8 cm diameter, fleshy, fragile, hemispherical, becoming convex with age, smooth on the surface, dry, dark grayish orange (# 8 a 7971) on the center, soft orange (# e 9 c 7 a 7) with margin, subumbonate of center, inflexed of margin; pileus context thick, 0.2–0.3 cm wide, white (# fcfcfc). Lamellae moderately close together, arcuate, subdecurrent to decurrent, broad, white (# fcfcfc), unchanging color when injured, 3–4 tiers, 0.4–0.5 cm wide, edge even or entire. Stipe 3.7–6.9 × 0.8–1.4 cm, cylindrical, grayish orange (# d 9 cdc 2) in the upper, soft orange (# e 9 c 7 a 7) gradually downward, smooth; stipe context white (# fcfcfc), solid, unchanging in color when injured. The odor and taste were not distinctive.
Basidiospores [84 / 2 / 2] 5.1–6.5 (– 8) × 4.6–6.6 μm, (Q = 1.0–1.2, Qm = 1.11 ± 0.05), av. 5.81 ± 0.28 × 5.47 ± 0.38 μm, globose, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth. Basidia 25–39 × 8–11 μm (N = 20), av. 32.7 ± 5.1 × 9.7 ± 1.0 μm, mostly 4 - spored, rarely 2 - spored, sterigmata long 1.8–4.9 μm, sometimes with basal clamp connections, clavate, siderophilous granulations. Subhymenium is composed of moderately thin-walled hyphae, 40–55 μm thick, with 2–3 layers of ovoid, fusiform to narrowly cylindrical hyphae, and 6–8 × 3–5 μm. Hymenophoral trama regular, 120–150 μm wide, consisting of thin and hyaline hyphae, some with clamp connections, narrowly cylindrical hyphal elements, 6–12 μm wide. Cheilocystidia were 21–24 × 4–7 μm in size and av. 22.9 ± 1.3 × 6.4 ± 0.7 μm, narrowly cylindrical or narrowly clavate, thin-walled, and rarely mucronate or rostrate on the apex. Pleurocystidia 24–28 × 4–6 μm, av. 26.3 ± 1.6 × 5.3 ± 0.6 μm, narrowly cylindrical or narrowly clavate, thin-walled. Pileipellis colorless and hyaline in 5 % KOH solution, parallel, thin-walled, almost cylindrical to subcylindrical, filamentous hyphae 4–6 μm wide. Stipitipellis composed of appressed, parallel, thin-walled, hyphae 2–7 µm wide. Clamp connections are present at some septa in the pileipellis, lamellae, and stipitipellis.
Habitat.
Clustered, related to Quercus glauca in broad-leaved forests in Sichuan and Shandong provinces.
Economic value.
Edible, available in local markets.
Additional materials examined.
China • Sichuan Province: Jiuzhaigou County, elev. 2,380 m, October 12, 2023, Song-Ming Tang, paratype, L 6738, HKAS 135645; Shandong Province, Jinan County, elev. 2,210 m, October 11, 2023, Tong Lv, L 6880, HKAS 135646.
Notes.
Lyophyllum edulis is similar to L. fumosum, L. subdecastes, L. loricatum, and L. littorale by sharing globose to subglobose basidiospores. However, the stipe surface of L. fumosum is cream to brown and has relatively larger basidia (40–45 × 8–10 µm; Sesli et al. 2015). Lyophyllum subdecastes pileus surface is yellowish-brown or brown to greyish-red, stipe surface is reddish grey to greyish red, and smaller basidiospores (3.9–5.0 × 3.7–5.0 µm; Wei et al. 2023). Lyophyllum loricatum was originally described in Sweden; its pileus surface is reddish-brown to chestnut-brown, and the stipe surface is pale brownish or grey-brown (Breitenbach 1991). Lyophyllum littorale stipe surface is grey and has smaller basidiospores (4.5–5.5 × 4.5–5.5 µm; Ballero and Contu 1990).
In our multi-locus phylogeny, L. decastes (Fr.) Singer, L. shimeji (Kawam.) Hongo, and L. heimogu S. H. Li are sister to the clade of L. edulis. However, the original description of L. decastes from Sweden has a whitish-greyish stipe (Breitenbach 1991; Trudell and Ammirati 2009; Davis et al. 2012), and ITS sequence differences between L. edulis (HKAS 135664, holotype) and L. decastes (Ld 418) were 1.81 % (10 / 552, including 2 gaps). Lyophyllum shimeji, originally described from Japan as Tricholoma shimeji Kawam., has a dark grey to grey pileus; ITS sequence differences between L. edulis (HKAS 135664, holotype) and L. shimeji (L 2010512377) were 4.89 % (27 / 552, including 2 gaps). Lyophyllum heimogu, collected from Xizang, China, has dark grey to olive pileus and stipe surface yellowish-brown; ITS sequence differences between L. edulis (HKAS 135664, holotype) and L. heimogu (L 3026, holotype) were 1.81 % (10 / 552, including 2 gaps). Thus, they were classified as a heterospecific species.
description: Published as part of Tang, Song-Ming, Yu, Feng-Ming, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Luo, Zong-Long, Niu, Kai-Yang, Li, Rui-Yu, Li, Lin, Su, Xi-Jun & Li, Shu-Hong, 2025, Morpho-phylogenetic analyses of two novel edible mushrooms from China and a mini review of Lyophyllum (Agaricales, Lyophyllaceae) cultivation and bioactivities, pp. 307-334 in MycoKeys 112 on pages 307-334, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.141615