cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Field-dependent symmetries in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models
Creators: name: Upadhyay, Sudhaker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider effective actions of the cosmological Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) models and discuss their fermionic rigid BRST invariance. Further, we demonstrate the finite field-dependent BRST transformations as a limiting case of continuous field-dependent BRST transformations described in terms of continuous parameter $κ$. The Jacobian under such finite field-dependent BRST transformations is computed explicitly, which amounts an extra piece in the effective action within functional integral. We show that for a particular choice of the parameter the finite field-dependent BRST transformation maps the generating functional for FRW models from one gauge to another.
description: 7 pages, No figure, Accepted in Annals of Physics (Journal version)
The stochastic nature of power-grid frequency in South Africa
Creators: name: Gorjão, Leonardo Rydin
name: Maritz, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we explore two mechanisms that explain non-Gaussian behaviour of power-grid frequency recordings in the South African grid. We make use of a Fokker-Planck approach to power-grid frequency that yields a direct relation between common model parameters such as inertia, damping, and noise amplitude and non-parametric estimations of the same directly from power-grid frequency recordings. We propose two explanations for the non-Gaussian leptokurtic distributions in South Africa: The first based on multiplicative noise in power-grid frequency recordings, which we observe in South Africa; The second based on the well-known scheduled and unscheduled load shedding and rolling blackouts that beset South Africa. For the first we derive an analytic expression of the effects of multiplicative noise that permits the estimation of all statistical moments - and discuss drawbacks in comparison with the data; For the second we employ a simple numerical analysis with a modular power grid of South Africa. Both options help understand the statistics of power-grid frequency in South Africa - particularly the presence of heavy tails.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Variety of regimes of star-like networks of Henon maps
Creators: name: Kuptsov, Pavel V.
name: Kuptsova, Anna V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we categorize dynamical regimes demonstrated by star-like networks with chaotic nodes. This analysis is done in view of further studying of chaotic scale-free networks, since a star-like structure is the main motif of them. We analyze star-like networks of Henon maps. They are found to demonstrate a huge diversity of regimes. Varying the coupling strength we reveal chaos, quasiperiodicity, and periodicity. The nodes can be both fully- and phase-synchronized. The hub node can be either synchronized with the subordinate nodes or oscillate separately from fully synchronized subordinates. There is a range of wild multistability where the zoo of regimes is the most various. One can hardly predict here even a qualitative nature of the expected solution, since each perturbation of the coupling strength or initial conditions results in a new character of dynamics.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
SWI/SNF remains localized to chromatin in the presence of SCHLAP1
Creators: name: Spear, C.C.
name: Manner, C.J.
name: Magnuson, T.
name: Calabrese, J.M.
name: Smith, K.N.
name: Raab, J.R.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: SCHLAP1 is a long noncoding RNA that is reported to function by depleting the SWI/SNF complex from the genome. We investigated the hypothesis that SCHLAP1 affects only specific compositions of SWI/SNF. Using several assays, we found that SWI/SNF is not depleted from the genome by SCHLAP1 and that SWI/SNF is associated with many coding and noncoding RNAs, suggesting that SCHLAP1 may function in a SWI/SNF-independent manner.
Fig. S5 from Termites manipulate moisture content of wood to maximize foraging resources.
Creators: name: Oberst, Sebastian
name: Lenz, Michael
name: Lai, Joseph C. S.
name: Evans, Theodore A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Mudding and foraging related weight changes. Weight change over time for three different kinds of wood using 20x20mm2 and 30mm length. Thin grey lines indicate failed experiments (rot fungus, no/little contact). Thick lines highlight successful experiments; peak values are marked as thick dots while μ and σ mark their standard deviation.
(1158) George Gilbertson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Changes of agricultural producers in Estonia according to the size of land use
Creators: name: Rasva, Marii
name: Jürgenson, Evelin
Publisher: name: Agronomy Research
Year: 2020
Subjects: agricultural producer
Estonia
land use
sustainable agriculture
article

description: The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the changes in Estonian agricultural producers according to the size of the land use. Data from the Estonian Agricultural Registers and Information Board (ARIB) data from 2011 and 2016 is used. This data shows that agricultural land use area per producer has increased and most of the agricultural land is used by agricultural producers in size groups 400–< 1,000 ha and > 1,000 ha. This means that a small number of agricultural producers are using a large area of agricultural land. For example, in 2016, the largest agricultural producer was using 27% of agricultural land located in Türi municipality. The outcome of the study shows a trend of farm size growth in Estonia; there is a need to find out if this model of agricultural production guarantees us food and a future of sustainability.
SM8 from Termites manipulate moisture content of wood to maximize foraging resources
Creators: name: Oberst, Sebastian
name: Lenz, Michael
name: Lai, Joseph C. S.
name: Evans, Theodore A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Animals use cues to find their food, in microhabitats within their physiological tolerances. Termites build and modify their microhabitat, to transform hostile environments into benign ones, which raises questions about the relative importance of cues. Termites are desiccation intolerant and foraging termites are attracted to water, so most research has considered moisture to be a cue. However, termites can also transport water to food, and so moisture may play other roles than previously considered. To examine the role of moisture, we compared Coptotermes acinaciformis termite foraging decisions in laboratory experiments when they were offered dry and moist wood, with and without load. Without load, termites preferred moist wood and ate it without any building, whereas they moistened dry wood after wrapping it in a layer of clay. For the ‘With load’ units, termites substituted some of the wood for load-bearing clay walls, and kept the wood drier than on the unloaded units. As drier wood has higher compressive strength and higher rigidity, it allows more of the wood to be consumed. These results suggest that moisture plays a more important role in termite ecology than previously thought. Termites manipulate the moisture content according to the situational context and use it for multiple purposes: increased moisture levels soften the fibre, which facilitates foraging, yet keeping the wood dry provides higher structural stability against buckling which is especially important when foraging on wood under load.
Radiation from Global Topological Strings using Adaptive Mesh Refinement: Massive Modes
Creators: name: Drew, Amelia
name: Shellard, E. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We implement adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations of global topological strings using the public code, GRChombo. We perform a quantitative investigation of massive radiation from single sinusoidally displaced string configurations, studying a range of string widths defined by the coupling parameter $λ$ over two orders of magnitude, effectively varying the mass of radiated particles $m_H \sim \sqrtλ$. We perform an in-depth investigation into the effects of AMR on massive radiation emission, including radiation trapping and the refinement required to resolve high frequency modes. We use quantitative diagnostic tools to determine the eigenmode decomposition, showing a complex superposition of high frequency propagating modes with different phase and group velocities. We conclude that massive radiation is generally strongly suppressed relative to the preferred massless channel, with suppression increasing at lower amplitudes and higher $λ$. Only in extreme nonlinear regimes (e.g.\ with relative amplitude $\varepsilon \sim 1.5$ and $λ< 1$) do we observe massive and massless radiation to be emitted at comparable magnitude. We find that massive radiation is emitted in distinct high harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the string, and we demonstrate that, for the sinusoidal configurations studied, massive radiation is exponentially suppressed with $\sqrtλ$ (i.e. the particle mass). Finally, we place these results in the context of axions and gravitational waves produced by cosmological cosmic string networks, and note that AMR provides a significant opportunity to explore higher $λ$ (thin string) regimes whilst using fewer computational resources.
description: 26 pages, 21 figures. Version published Phys. Rev. D
Sublinearly Morse Geodesics in CAT(0) Spaces: Lower Divergence and Hyperplane Characterization
Creators: name: Murray, Devin
name: Qing, Yulan
name: Zalloum, Abdul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M60

description: We introduce the notion of k-lower divergence for geodesic rays in CAT(0) spaces. Building on the work of Charney and Sultan we give various characterizations of k-contracting geodesic rays using k-lower divergence and k-slim triangles. We also characterize k-contracting geodesic rays in CAT(0) cube complexes using sequences of well-separated hyperplanes.
description: 30 pages
The Evolution of Quantum Field Theory, From QED to Grand Unification
Creators: name: Hooft, Gerard 't
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the early 1970s, after a slow start, and lots of hurdles, Quantum Field Theory emerged as the superior doctrine for understanding the interactions between relativistic sub-atomic particles. After the conditions for a relativistic field theoretical model to be renormalizable were established, there were two other developments that quickly accelerated acceptance of this approach: first the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism, and then asymptotic freedom. Together, these gave us a complete understanding of the perturbative sector of the theory, enough to give us a detailed picture of what is now usually called the Standard Model. Crucial for this understanding were the strong indications and encouragements provided by numerous experimental findings. Subsequently, non-perturbative features of the quantum field theories were addressed, and the first proposals for completely unified quantum field theories were launched. Since the use of continuous symmetries of all sorts, together with other topics of advanced mathematics, were recognised to be of crucial importance, many new predictions were pointed out, such as the Higgs particle, supersymmetry and baryon number violation. There are still many challenges ahead.
description: 25 pages in total. A contribution to: The Standard Theory up to the Higgs discovery - 60 years of CERN - L. Maiani and G. Rolandi, eds
(1159) William H Gilbertson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Some variation in Acacia auriculiformis and its breeding strategy
Creators: name: Ogihara, Haruo
Publisher: name: Charles Darwin University
Year: 1999

description: Acacia auricithformis has two types of flower, big (exceeding 4.0 mm) andsmall (less than 4.0 mm). The rachis size can be also divided into long(exceeding 8.0 cm) and short (less than 8.0 cm). Big flowers were present onboth long and short rachis but small flowers were found only on short rachis. There are male flowers and bisexual flowers in A. auriculformis. The sexratio (percent of male flowers) varied enormously between branches and maleflowers were distributed randomly along the rachis. The proportion of maleflowers present on an inflorescence was normally less than 10%, however thissex ratio changed dramatically within a short time (two weeks). Most of the rachis reached full size in 6-8 weeks. But there was no typicalpattern of growth. The pattern of growth was different for each tree. The start of flowering occurred at 2200-2400 h and the flower was fullyopened at 0400-0600 h. The flowering sequence can be divided into fourstages. Most pollination occurred in the morning, none at night. About 40% offlowers were pollinated during a day. Fruit set varied between trees and season. However rachises containedonly one fruit. Seed size and weight varied between trees. Most viable seed did not imbibewithin four weeks and those that had imbibed did not show good viability.
Signatures of entanglement in an optical tomogram
Creators: name: Rohith, M.
name: Sudheesh, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the optical tomography of maximally entangled states generated at the output modes of a beam splitter. We consider even and odd coherent states in one of the input modes and vacuum state in the other input mode of the beam splitter. We have shown that the signatures of entanglement can be observed directly in the optical tomogram of the state, without reconstructing the density matrix of the system. Two distinct types of optical tomograms are observed in any one of the output modes of the beam splitter based on the quadrature measurement in the other output mode if the output modes are entangled. The different features shown by the optical tomograms are verified by investigating the photon number statistics of the corresponding state.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
The eROSITA all-sky survey - Stars in X-rays
Creators: name: Robrade, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: X-ray astronomy

description: The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS) is a deep X-ray survey in the 0.2-10.0 keV energy band and consists of four all-sky surveys with a duration of about 0.5 yr each. The eRASS is by far the most sensitive all-sky survey in X-rays and has an unprecedented positional accuracy, spectral resolution and temporal coverage. In total it contains roughly six million X-ray sources, among them about a million stars. The first survey data was released early 2024 and the eRASS provides excellent opportunities to study the high-energy emission from various types of stellar sources, including investigations of the solar neighborhood, moving groups & associations or star-forming regions -- the stellar X-ray sky is strongly dominated by magnetically active, cool stars.
Partition Function of Interacting Calorons Ensemble
Creators: name: Deldar, Sedigheh
name: Kiamari, Motahareh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for computing the partition function of a caloron ensemble taking into account the interaction of calorons. We focus on caloron-Dirac string interaction and show that the metric that Diakonov and Petrov offered works well in the limit where this interaction occurs. We suggest computing the correlation function of two polyakov loops by applying Ewald's method.
description: Contribution to the XIth conference Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum (QCHSXI), 8-12 September 2014, St Petersburg, Russia
Gravitational Wave Probes of Massive Gauge Bosons at the Cosmological Collider
Creators: name: Niu, Xuce
name: Rahat, Moinul Hossain
name: Srinivasan, Karthik
name: Xue, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the reach of the ``cosmological collider'' for massive gauge boson production during inflation from the CMB scales to the interferometer scales. Considering a Chern-Simons coupling between the gauge bosons and the pseudoscalar inflaton, one of the transverse gauge modes is efficiently produced and its inverse decay leaves an imprint in the primordial scalar and tensor perturbations. We study the correlation functions of these perturbations and derive the updated constraints on the parameter space from CMB observables. We then extrapolate the tensor power spectrum to smaller scales consistently taking into account the impact of the gauge field on inflationary dynamics. Our results show that the presence of massive gauge fields during inflation can be detected from characteristic gravitational wave signals encompassing the whole range of current and planned interferometers.
description: 35 pages, 7 figures, references added, minor modification in gravitational wave sensitivity plots
(1160) Francis Gilbertson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Quantum Anomalous Hall effect in graphene coupled to skyrmions
Creators: name: Lado, J. L.
name: Fernandez-Rossier, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures, characterized by a topological winding number N , that occur spontaneously in some magnetic materials. Recent experiments have demonstrated the capability to grow graphene on top Fe/Ir, a system that exhibits a two dimensional Skyrmion lattice. Here we show that a weak exchange coupling between the Dirac electrons in graphene and a two dimensional Skyrmion lattice with $N = \pm 1$ drives graphene into a quantum anomalous Hall phase, with a band-gap in bulk, a Chern number ${\cal C}=2N$ and chiral edge states with perfect quantization of conductance $G = 2N\frac{e^2}{h}$ . Our findings imply that the topological properties of the Skyrmion lattice can be imprinted in the Dirac electrons of graphene.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
On the Effect of Nucleation Undercooling on Phase Transformation Kinetics
Creators: name: Mancias, José
name: Attari, Vahid
name: Arróyave, Raymundo
name: Tourret, Damien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out an extensive comparison between Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) theory of first-order phase transformation kinetics and phase-field (PF) results of a benchmark problem on nucleation. To address the stochasticity of the problem, several hundreds of simulations are performed to establish a comprehensive, statistically-significant analysis of the coincidences and discrepancies between PF and JMAK transformation kinetics. We find that PF predictions are in excellent agreement with both classical nucleation theory and JMAK theory, as long as the original assumptions of the latter are appropriately reproduced - in particular, the constant nucleation and growth rates in an infinite domain. When deviating from these assumptions, PF results are at odds with JMAK theory. In particular, we observe that the size of the initial particle radius $r_0$ relative to the critical nucleation radius $r^*$ has a significant effect on the rate of transformation. While PF and JMAK agree when $r_0$ is sufficiently higher than $r^*$, the duration of initial transient growth stage of a particle, before it reaches a steady growth velocity, increases as $r_0/r^*\to 1$. This incubation time has a significant effect on the overall kinetics, e.g. on the Avrami exponent of the multi-particle simulations. In contrast, for the considered conditions and parameters, the effect of interface curvature upon transformation kinetics - in particular negative curvature regions appearing during particle impingement, present in PF but absent in JMAK theory - appears to be minor compared to that of $r_0/r^*$. We argue that rigorous benchmarking of phase-field models of stochastic processes (e.g. nucleation) need sufficient statistical data in order to make rigorous comparisons against ground truth theories. In these problems, analysis of probability distributions is clearly preferable to a deterministic approach.
Simulation of positive operator-valued measures and quantum instruments via quantum state preparation algorithms
Creators: name: Pinto, Douglas F.
name: Zanetti, Marcelo S.
name: Basso, Marcos L. W.
name: Maziero, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Ref. [Phys. Rev. A 100, 062317 (2019)], the authors reported an algorithm to implement, in a circuit-based quantum computer, a general quantum measurement (GQM) of a two-level quantum system, a qubit. Even though their algorithm seems right, its application involves the solution of an intricate non-linear system of equations in order to obtain the angles determining the quantum circuit to be implemented for the simulation. In this article, we identify and discuss a simple way to circumvent this issue and implement GQMs on any $d$-level quantum system through quantum state preparation algorithms. Using some examples for one qubit, one qutrit and two qubits, we illustrate the easy of application of our protocol. Besides, we show how one can utilize our protocol for simulating quantum instruments, for which we also give an example. All our examples are demonstrated using IBM's quantum processors.
On the rank of $π_1(\text{Ham})$
Creators: name: Pedroza, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that for any positive integer $k$ there exists a closed symplectic $4$-manifold, such that the rank of the fundamental group of the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms is at least $k.$
description: 10 pages
Excited fermions on kinks and the Dirac sea
Creators: name: Saadatmand, Danial
name: Weigel, Herbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum effects of recently discovered kink solitons which are constructed self-consistently by coupling to a single, excited fermion bound state. Our studies are based on the observation that in a semi-classical expansion the energies of this single level and of the Dirac sea should be treated equally. For these kink solutions we compute the energy of the Dirac sea as the fermion vacuum polarization energy. We find it to be substantial and to typically outweigh the energy gain from binding the single level.
description: 10 pages, two figures, matches journal version
S6. Results Pilot experiment from Termites manipulate moisture content of wood to maximize foraging resources
Creators: name: Oberst, Sebastian
name: Lenz, Michael
name: Lai, Joseph C. S.
name: Evans, Theodore A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Animals use cues to find their food, in microhabitats within their physiological tolerances. Termites build and modify their microhabitat, to transform hostile environments into benign ones, which raises questions about the relative importance of cues. Termites are desiccation intolerant and foraging termites are attracted to water, so most research has considered moisture to be a cue. However, termites can also transport water to food, and so moisture may play other roles than previously considered. To examine the role of moisture, we compared Coptotermes acinaciformis termite foraging decisions in laboratory experiments when they were offered dry and moist wood, with and without load. Without load, termites preferred moist wood and ate it without any building, whereas they moistened dry wood after wrapping it in a layer of clay. For the ‘With load’ units, termites substituted some of the wood for load-bearing clay walls, and kept the wood drier than on the unloaded units. As drier wood has higher compressive strength and higher rigidity, it allows more of the wood to be consumed. These results suggest that moisture plays a more important role in termite ecology than previously thought. Termites manipulate the moisture content according to the situational context and use it for multiple purposes: increased moisture levels soften the fibre, which facilitates foraging, yet keeping the wood dry provides higher structural stability against buckling which is especially important when foraging on wood under load.
Analysis of natural product regulation of cannabinoid receptors in the treatment of human disease
Creators: name: Smith, K.N.
name: Badal, S.
name: Rajnarayanan, R.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2017

description: The organized, tightly regulated signaling relays engaged by the cannabinoid receptors (CBs) and their ligands, G proteins and other effectors, together constitute the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This system governs many biological functions including cell proliferation, regulation of ion transport and neuronal messaging. This review will firstly examine the physiology of the ECS, briefly discussing some anomalies in the relay of the ECS signaling as these are consequently linked to maladies of global concern including neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease and cancer. While endogenous ligands are crucial for dispatching messages through the ECS, there are also commonalities in binding affinities with copious exogenous ligands, both natural and synthetic. Therefore, this review provides a comparative analysis of both types of exogenous ligands with emphasis on natural products given their putative safer efficacy and the role of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in uncovering the ECS. Efficacy is congruent to both types of compounds but noteworthy is the effect of a combination therapy to achieve efficacy without unideal side-effects. An example is Sativex that displayed promise in treating Huntington's disease (HD) in preclinical models allowing for its transition to current clinical investigation. Despite the in vitro and preclinical efficacy of Δ9-THC to treat neurodegenerative ailments, its psychotropic effects limit its clinical applicability to treating feeding disorders. We therefore propose further investigation of other compounds and their combinations such as the triterpene, α,β-amyrin that exhibited greater binding affinity to CB1 than CB2 and was more potent than Δ9-THC and the N-alkylamides that exhibited CB2 selective affinity; the latter can be explored towards peripherally exclusive ECS modulation. The synthetic CB1 antagonist, Rimonabant was pulled from commercial markets for the treatment of diabetes, however its analogue SR144528 maybe an ideal lead molecule towards this end and HU-210 and Org27569 are also promising synthetic small molecules.
title: Language in Education Policy and Practice in Post-Colonial Africa: An ethnographic case-study of The Gambia
Creators: name: McGlynn, Caroline
Publisher: name: The University of East London
Year: 2013

description: This thesis examines the interaction between the language in education policy and classroom practices in The Gambia, West Africa. This examination takes place against a background of current and vigorous academic debate regarding policies for language in education and the learning and teaching of students, particularly in post-colonial countries.
Using an ethnographic case study this thesis builds on the analysis of more than 38 hours of data collected during classroom observations of 10 teachers in three schools. Conversational interviews were held with 10 teachers and field notes from all observations were produced. Stimulated recall interviews were held with four teachers. The findings of this research suggest that the language in education policy currently in use in The Gambia is regularly subverted by the teachers and students in order to meet the pragmatic and pedagogic needs of the classroom. It was noted that the local languages were used differently in the urban sites, where evidence of a language amalgam was recorded, when compared with the rural sites, in which a phenomenon of serial monolingualism was observed. The impact of historical, political and cultural norms also affected the language in all the sites in the study.
The thesis argues that there is an observable subversion of the language in education policy and different language practices are present as a result of heteroglossic conflict (Bakhtin 1981). The conflict is caused by the imposition of a monolingual language in education policy on a multilingual community. The findings reveal that the teachers and learners have developed a repertoire of pedagogic techniques, some of which are geographically specific, in order to present a demonstration of effective teaching and learning.
In answering the research questions this thesis demonstrates that local languages do have a place in classroom interactions and that a reconsideration of the current English Only policy would be appropriate. There are few studies of language use in classrooms in The Gambia. This research therefore makes a significant contribution to this literature and to the ways in which language use is theorised.
Geometric limits of cyclic subgroups of SO_0(1, k+1) and SU(1, k+1)
Creators: name: Maloni, Sara
name: Pozzetti, Maria Beatrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study geometric limits of convex-cocompact cyclic subgroups of the rank 1 groups SO_0(1, k+1) and SU(1, k+1). We construct examples of sequences of subgroups of such groups G that converge algebraically and whose geometric limit strictly contains the algebraic limit, thus generalizing the example first described by Jorgensen for subgroups of SO_0(1,3). We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for a subgroup of SO_0(1, k+1) to arise as geometric limit of a sequence of cyclic subgroups. We then discuss generalizations of such examples to sequence of representations of free groups, and applications of our constructions in that setting.
description: 28 pages, no figures
Fig. S4 from Termites manipulate moisture content of wood to maximize foraging resources
Creators: name: Oberst, Sebastian
name: Lenz, Michael
name: Lai, Joseph C. S.
name: Evans, Theodore A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: (a), wood block after 2 days; clay layer is scraped off; (b), wooden block after 6 days: the arrows indicate nibbling activity (grazing) of the termites; (c) after about 18 days the termites removed significant amounts of wood, leaving trenches at all sides (d) as well as starting to eat along the grain (e); (f), after 22 days the wood was reduced already significantly jointing the trenches and holes.
Towards Atmospheric Characterisation of Exoplanets
Creators: name: Frith, James Michael
Publisher: name: UH Research Archive
Year: 2014
Subjects: Mdwarfs
Exoplanets
Exoplanet Atmospheres
satellite technology
high resolution spectroscopy
catalogue
transiting planets
simulations

description: This thesis provides a multi-pronged approach towards paving the way for future space and ground based exoplanet characterisation e↵orts as well as providing new analysis of the atmosphere of the exoplanet HD 179949 b. This is done, firstly, by outlining engineering trade studies conducted for the attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) and sun shield for the Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory (EChO) spacecraft (a proposed European Space Agency exoplanet space mission). These trade studies were conducted in collaboration with EADS Astrium. A cold gas system with the possibility of a hybrid system which would include the use of reaction wheels is recommend for the design of the AOCS. For the sun shield, a V-groove cone shield is concluded to provide the best thermal coverage while also providing stay light protection as well as being more mechanically symmetric than other options. Simulations are then conducted to determine the number of transiting planets future surveys should expect to find around stars within 50 parsecs of the sun. This is done by taking the known stars within 50 parsecs and adding a simulated planet population based on current models and observations to each star. Assumptions are made regarding observability of a planetary transit and a Monte Carlo simulation run to gain statistics on the number and type of planetary systems that can be expected to be found. The results of the simulation show a mean expected number of 27 detectable transiting planets within 50 parsecs. Next, using the Position and Proper Motion Extended-L (PPMXL) catalogue, optical and near-infrared colour cuts were used together with a reduced proper motion cut to find bright M dwarfs for future exoplanet transit studies. PPMXL’s low proper motion uncertainties allow this work to probe down to smaller proper motions than previous similar studies. Unique objects found with this method were combined with that of previous work to produce 8479 K < 9 M dwarfs. Low-resolution spectroscopy was obtained of a sample of the objects found using this selection method to gain statistics on their spectral type and physical properties. Results show a spectral-type range of K7-M4V. This catalogue is the most complete collection of K < 9 M dwarfs currently available and is made available here. High resolution spectroscopy and model spectra of planetary atmospheres is then used along with a spectral deconvolution technique to attempt to detect the Doppler shifted signal of the non-transiting planet HD 179949 b. The signal was not detected but new upper limits were set ruling out the presence of TiO down to a log10 ✏0 = -4.09 with 99.9 per cent confidence. Simulations conducted by this work imply a loss of sensitivity occurring possibly due to varying telluric interference or instrumental systematics.
(1161) Mary Gilbertson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Myc represses primitive endoderm differentiation in pluripotent stem cells
Creators: name: Dalton, S.
name: Smith, K.N.
name: Singh, A.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides a novel method to facilitate investigations into the mechanisms that control stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal. Myc has previously been shown to be critical for murine embryonic stem cell (mESC) maintenance, while also enhancing directed reprogramming of fibroblasts by effecting widespread changes in gene expression. Despite several studies identifying in vivo target genes, the precise mechanism by which Myc regulates pluripotency remains unknown. Here we report that codeletion of c- and N-MYC in iPSCs and ESCs results in their spontaneous differentiation to primitive endoderm. We show that Myc sustains pluripotency through repression of the primitive endoderm master regulator GATA6, while also contributing to cell cycle control by regulation of the mir-17-92 miRNA cluster. Our findings demonstrate the indispensable requirement for c- or N-myc in pluripotency beyond proliferative and metabolic control.
Trasformazione digitale e open government: una panoramica delle questioni giuridiche
Creators: name: Aliprandi, Simone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: trasformazione digitale
digital transformation
privacy
data protection
copyright
intellectual property
open data
open government
e-security
digital services

description: Le slides utilizzate per il webinar "Trasformazione digitale e open government: una panoramica delle questioni giuridiche" tenuto da Simone Aliprandi nell’ambito del corso “La transizione digitale dei servizi al cittadino” e del progetto di formazione “Centri P3@-Palestre Digitali e la diffusione della cultura degli Open Data” di Edulife Spa.
Long-range order in the XY model on the honeycomb lattice
Creators: name: Wojtkiewicz, Jacek
name: Wohlfeld, Krzysztof
name: Oleś, Andrzej M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the reflection positivity method we provide the rigorous proof of the existence of long range magnetic order for the XY model on the honeycomb lattice for large spins $S\ge 2$. This stays in contrast with the result obtained using the {\it same} method but on the square lattice -- which gives a stable long-range order for spins $S\ge 1$. We suggest that the difference between these two cases stems from the enhanced quantum spin fluctuations on the honeycomb lattice. Using linear spin-wave theory we show that the enhanced fluctuations are due to the overall much higher kinetic energy of the spin waves on the honeycomb lattice (with Dirac points) than on the square lattice (with good nesting properties).
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, accepted by Physical Review B
Scalar field localization on deformed extra space
Creators: name: Rubin, Sergey G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Field localization on 2-dim extra space is considered in the framework of f(R) gravity. It is shown that an interference of local matter energy distribution and a metric of the extra space form a point-like defect - 4-dim brane. The energy-momentum of the brane depends on initial conditions that could lead to the cosmological $Λ$ term being arbitrarily small.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
(1156) Mary [Gilbertson]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Primordial Black Hole Formation during a Strongly Coupled Crossover
Creators: name: Escrivà, Albert
name: Subils, Javier G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The final mass distribution of primordial black holes is sensitive to the equation of state of the Universe at the scales accessible by the power spectrum. Motivated by the presence of phase transitions in several beyond the Standard Model theories, some of which are strongly coupled, we analyze the production of primordial black holes during such phase transitions, which we model using the gauge/gravity duality. We focus in the (often regarded as physically uninteresting) case for which the phase transition is just a smooth crossover. We find an enhancement of primordial black hole production in the range $M_{\rm{PBH}}\in[10^{-16},10^{-6}]M_{\odot}$.
description: 5 pages + references, 4 figures. v3: minor changes, updated to match the published version in PRD
Fig. S7 from Termites manipulate moisture content of wood to maximize foraging resources
Creators: name: Oberst, Sebastian
name: Lenz, Michael
name: Lai, Joseph C. S.
name: Evans, Theodore A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: The ‘No load’ units showed on average far less clay per volume than the ‘With load’ units. The notches of the boxes indicate 95% confidence intervals which are non-overlapping hence differences between the ‘No load’ and the ‘With load’ units are significant at the 5% level; results here are qualitatively the same as in Oberst, Lai & Evans [10].
Impact of a constitutively active luteinizing hormone receptor on testicular gene expression and postnatal Leydig cell development
Creators: name: Smith, K.
name: Coonce, M.M.
name: McGee, S.
name: Rabideau, A.C.
name: Narayan, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The actions of luteinizing hormone (LH) mediated through its receptor (LHR) are critical for testicular steroidogenesis and Leydig cell differentiation. We have previously characterized transgenic mice expressing a genetically engineered, constitutively active yoked hormone-receptor complex (YHR), in which a fusion protein of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was covalently linked to LHR. Elevated testosterone levels were detected in male mice expressing YHR (YHR+) at 3 and 5 weeks of age, accompanied by decreases in testicular weight and serum levels of LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Here we report a temporal study to identify testicular genes whose expression is altered in YHR+ mice during postnatal development. The mRNA expression levels for the steroidogenic enzymes, P450 17α-hydroxylase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase3 and 5α-reductase1 were down-regulated in 3- and 5-week-old YHR+ testis. This result coupled with an immunohistochemical analysis of Leydig cell specific proteins and quantification of Leydig cell numbers identified a decrease in adult Leydig cells in YHR+ mice. Surprisingly, no change was detected for cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein RNA levels between WT and YHR+ mice. In contrast, mRNA levels for insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 were up-regulated in 3- and 5-week-old YHR+ mice. The mRNA levels for several germ cell-specific proteins were up-regulated at 5 weeks of age in both WT and YHR+ mice. We conclude that premature high levels of testosterone alter the expression of a select number of testicular genes and impair the differentiation of adult Leydig cells in mice.