cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Entropy Regularized Reinforcement Learning Using Large Deviation Theory
Creators: name: Arriojas, Argenis
name: Adamczyk, Jacob
name: Tiomkin, Stas
name: Kulkarni, Rahul V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reinforcement learning (RL) is an important field of research in machine learning that is increasingly being applied to complex optimization problems in physics. In parallel, concepts from physics have contributed to important advances in RL with developments such as entropy-regularized RL. While these developments have led to advances in both fields, obtaining analytical solutions for optimization in entropy-regularized RL is currently an open problem. In this paper, we establish a mapping between entropy-regularized RL and research in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics focusing on Markovian processes conditioned on rare events. In the long-time limit, we apply approaches from large deviation theory to derive exact analytical results for the optimal policy and optimal dynamics in Markov Decision Process (MDP) models of reinforcement learning. The results obtained lead to a novel analytical and computational framework for entropy-regularized RL which is validated by simulations. The mapping established in this work connects current research in reinforcement learning and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, thereby opening new avenues for the application of analytical and computational approaches from one field to cutting-edge problems in the other.
Anatomy of a Data Availability Statement
Creators: name: ripeta, figshare admin
name: Welles DeVore, August
name: Hudson Vitale, Cynthia
name: McIntosh, Leslie D.
Publisher: name: Ripeta
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: 160511 Research, Science and Technology Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: A guide on how to craft and include a strong data availability statement (DAS) in manuscripts.
title: Solving the labeling problem : a Byzantine fault-tolerant self-stabilizing FPGA prototype based on the FATAL+ protocol
Creators: name: Hofstätter, Markus
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Uhrensynchronisation
subject: Rundennummerierung
subject: Taktgenerierung
subject: FPGA
subject: VLSI
subject: clock synchronization
subject: round labeling
subject: clock tick generation
subject: FPGA
subject: VLSI

description: Das Thema dieser Masterarbeit liegt im Querschnitt der Gebiete VLSI-Design und fehlertoleranter verteilter Algorithmen. Sie ist einer FPGA Implementierung des bekannten synchronen Phase King Konsensus Algorithmus mittels 1-bit serieller Kommunikation und der Entwicklung einer entsprechenden Testumgebung gewidmet. Die Implementierung wurde darüber hinaus mit einem bereits existierenden Prototyp eines selbst-stabilisierenden, fehlertoleranten verteilten Algorithmus zur Taktgenerierung integriert, um ohne Verlängerung der Stabilisierungszeit 17-bit breite synchronisierte Uhren zur Verfügung stellen zu können. Die Arbeit untersucht auch mögliche Implementierungsalternativen und enthält die Korrektheitsbeweise der verwendeten Algorithmen.

description: The topic of this thesis lies in the intersection of VLSI design and fault-tolerant distributed algorithms.
It is devoted to the development of an FPGA implementation of the well-known synchronous Phase King consensus algorithm using single-bit serial communication and the design of a suitable testbench for verifying its operation. The implementation is finally integrated into an existing prototype and testbench of the self-stabilizing Byzantine fault-tolerant distributed clock generation scheme FATAL+, where it is used to generate 17-bit wide synchronized clocks without increasing the stabilization time of the underlying scheme. The thesis also explores implementation alternatives and provides the correctness proofs of the employed algorithm.
Non commutative Lp spaces without the completely bounded approximation property
Creators: name: Lafforgue, Vincent
name: de la Salle, Mikael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For any 1\leq p \leq \infty different from 2, we give examples of non-commutative Lp spaces without the completely bounded approximation property. Let F be a non-archimedian local field. If p>4 or p<4/3 and r\geq 3 these examples are the non-commutative Lp-spaces of the von Neumann algebra of lattices in SL_r(F) or in SL_r(\R). For other values of p the examples are the non-commutative Lp-spaces of the von Neumann algebra of lattices in SL_r(F) for r large enough depending on p. We also prove that if r \geq 3 lattices in SL_r(F) or SL_r(\R) do not have the Approximation Property of Haagerup and Kraus. This provides examples of exact C^*-algebras without the operator space approximation property.
description: v3; Minor corrections according to the referees
An arbitrary order and pointwise divergence-free finite element scheme for the incompressible 3D Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Hanot, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q30 (Primary) 65N30, 76D07, 76M10 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we discretize the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in the framework of finite element exterior calculus. We make use of the Lamb identity to rewrite the equations into a vorticity-velocity-pressure form which fits into the de Rham complex of minimal regularity. We propose a discretization on a large class of finite elements, including arbitrary order polynomial spaces readily available in many libraries. The main advantage of this discretization is that the divergence of the fluid velocity is pointwise zero at the discrete level. This exactness ensures pressure robustness. We focus the analysis on a class of linearized equations for which we prove well-posedness and provide a priori error estimates. The results are validated with numerical simulations.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures, added detailed proofs in appendices
Queer contemporary artists of Muslim heritage in the United States and Canada : art, display, and reception
Creators: name: Baumgartner, Chelsea Fay
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: The dissertation studies the work of nine contemporary AFAB queer artists of Muslim heritage, Arzu Haider, Ayqa Khan, Baseera Khan, Hana Shafi, Nabil Vega, Parisa Parnian, Saba Taj, Samra Habib, and Yara El Safi, working in the United States and Canada and the institutional contexts that shape their careers. Art institutions have been reckoning with the exclusionary nature of the art world for decades. In museum contexts inclusion is often defined as welcoming diverse audiences and presenting a variety of media. When inclusion is defined as showcasing the work of marginalized artists curatorial initiatives, and single shows are common methods of addressing institutional problems. However, these initiatives exist within an environment where only a limited number of resources are given to marginalized artists. For artists of Muslim heritage, the sometimes-surprising moments of inclusion are balanced with their relative invisibility within the wider art world. Queer artists of Muslim heritage are even further invisibilized within this minority. The reception of these artists is also related to this institutional context, where their presence in institutions and discussions in the popular press are presented as proof of societal change and acceptance without adequately addressing the exclusions their works describe. Many of these artists engage with the difficulties of being seen as queer people of Muslim heritage. As queer identities and Muslim heritage are often presented as irreconcilable, this heightens the stakes of visibility for these artists. Their negotiation of how they are received as queer artists of Muslim heritage is related to how these artists address this in their artwork. The interconnection between institutional factors that hinder or support artists, how their works are presented, and the meanings the works convey are all interconnected and serves as a case study to address complex, multiple marginalizations.
Giant Planet Formation by Disk Instability in Low Mass Disks?
Creators: name: Boss, Alan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Forming giant planets by disk instability requires a gaseous disk that is massive enough to become gravitationally unstable and able to cool fast enough for self-gravitating clumps to form and survive. Models with simplified disk cooling have shown the critical importance of the ratio of the cooling to the orbital timescales. Uncertainties about the proper value of this ratio can be sidestepped by including radiative transfer. Three-dimensional radiative hydrodynamics models of a disk with a mass of $0.043 M_\odot$ from 4 to 20 AU in orbit around a $1 M_\odot$ protostar show that disk instabilities are considerably less successful in producing self-gravitating clumps than in a disk with twice this mass. The results are sensitive to the assumed initial outer disk ($T_o$) temperatures. Models with $T_o$ = 20 K are able to form a single self-gravitating clump, whereas models with $T_o$ = 25 K form clumps that are not quite self-gravitating. These models imply that disk instability requires a disk with a mass of at least $\sim 0.043 M_\odot$ inside 20 AU in order to form giant planets around solar-mass protostars with realistic disk cooling rates and outer disk temperatures. Lower mass disks around solar-mass protostars must rely upon core accretion to form inner giant planets.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, Astrophysical Journal Letters, in press
Frequency modulation of spin torque oscillator pairs
Creators: name: Pogoryelov, Ye.
name: Muduli, P. K.
name: Bonetti, S.
name: Iacocca, E.
name: Mancoff, Fred
name: Åkerman, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current controlled modulation of nano-contact based spin torque oscillator (STO) pairs is studied in both the synchronized and non-synchronized states. The synchronized state shows a well behaved modulation and demonstrates robust mutual locking even under strong modulation. The power distribution of the modulation sidebands can be quantitatively described by assuming a single oscillator model. However, in the non-synchronized state, the modulation sidebands are not well described by the model, indicating interactions between the two individual nano-contact STOs. These findings are promising for potential applications requiring the modulation of large synchronized STO arrays.
Microwave quantum logic gates for trapped ions
Creators: name: Ospelkaus, C.
name: Warring, U.
name: Colombe, Y.
name: Brown, K. R.
name: Amini, J. M.
name: Leibfried, D.
name: Wineland, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Control over physical systems at the quantum level is a goal shared by scientists in fields as diverse as metrology, information processing, simulation and chemistry. For trapped atomic ions, the quantized motional and internal degrees of freedom can be coherently manipulated with laser light. Similar control is difficult to achieve with radio frequency or microwave radiation because the essential coupling between internal degrees of freedom and motion requires significant field changes over the extent of the atoms' motion. The field gradients are negligible at these frequencies for freely propagating fields; however, stronger gradients can be generated in the near-field of microwave currents in structures smaller than the free-space wavelength. In the experiments reported here, we coherently manipulate the internal quantum states of the ions on time scales of 20 ns. We also generate entanglement between the internal degrees of freedom of two atoms with a gate operation suitable for general quantum computation. We implement both operations through the magnetic fields from microwave currents in electrodes that are integrated into the micro-fabricated trap structure and create an entangled state with fidelity 76(3) %. This approach, where the quantum control mechanism is integrated into the trapping device in a scalable manner, can potentially benefit quantum information processing, simulation and spectroscopy.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures, accepted as a letter to Nature
Extensions of the Kahn--Saks inequality for posets of width two
Creators: name: Chan, Swee Hong
name: Pak, Igor
name: Panova, Greta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Kahn--Saks inequality is a classical result on the number of linear extensions of finite posets. We give a new proof of this inequality for posets of width two using explicit injections of lattice paths. As a consequence we obtain a $q$-analogue, a multivariate generalization and an equality condition in this case. We also discuss the equality conditions of the Kahn--Saks inequality for general posets and prove several implications between conditions conjectured to be equivalent.
description: 25 pages; v3: added conditions to Theorem 1.4 and 1.6, revised Conjecture in Section 8, added example 1.5
Spatial clustering of array CGH features in combination with hierarchical multiple testing
Creators: name: Kim, Kyung In
name: Roquain, Etienne
name: Van De Wiel, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new approach for clustering DNA features using array CGH data from multiple tumor samples. We distinguish data-collapsing: joining contiguous DNA clones or probes with extremely similar data into regions, from clustering: joining contiguous, correlated regions based on a maximum likelihood principle. The model-based clustering algorithm accounts for the apparent spatial patterns in the data. We evaluate the randomness of the clustering result by a cluster stability score in combination with cross-validation. Moreover, we argue that the clustering really captures spatial genomic dependency by showing that coincidental clustering of independent regions is very unlikely. Using the region and cluster information, we combine testing of these for association with a clinical variable in an hierarchical multiple testing approach. This allows for interpreting the significance of both regions and clusters while controlling the Family-Wise Error Rate simultaneously. We prove that in the context of permutation tests and permutation-invariant clusters it is allowed to perform clustering and testing on the same data set. Our procedures are illustrated on two cancer data sets.
The National Language Policy and the Minority Groups in the Republic of Vietnam
Creators: name: Nguyễn Đăng (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1978

description: THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE POLICY AND THE MINORITY GROUPS IN THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM. 339 1. Vietnamese and the National Education Policy 339 2. Minority Languages, Status, and Scripts 341 2.1. Southern Montagnard Languages 341 2.2. Northern Montagnard Languages 342 2.3. Cham 343 2.4. Khmer 343 3. The Minority Group Education Programme 343 3.1. Textbook Preparation and Curriculum 343 3.2. Teacher Training and Supervision 346 3.3. Current Status 346Bibliography 348Appendix 1 349Appendix 2 350Appendix 3 356
Spatially resolved observation of uniform precession modes in spin-valve systems
Creators: name: Kaiser, Alexander M.
name: Wiemann, Carsten
name: Cramm, Stefan
name: Schneider, Claus M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy the excitation of uniform precession modes in individual domains of a weakly coupled spin-valve system has been studied. A coupling dependence of the precession frequencies has been found that can be reasonably well understood on the basis of a macrospin model. By tuning the frequency of the excitation source the uniform precession modes are excited in a resonant way.
description: This article has been accepted by Journal of Applied Physics. After it is published, it will be found at http://jap.aip.org
Simulation Method for Investigating the Use of Transition-Edge Sensors as Spectroscopic Electron Detectors
Creators: name: Patel, K. M.
name: Withington, S.
name: Thomas, C. N.
name: Shard, A. G.
name: Goldie, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition-edge sensors (TESs) are capable of highly accurate single particle energy measurement. TESs have been used for a wide range of photon detection applications, particularly in astronomy, but very little consideration has been given to their capabilities as electron calorimeters. Existing electron spectrometers require electron filtering optics to achieve energy discrimination, but this step discards the vast majority of electrons entering the instrument. TESs require no such energy filtering, meaning they could provide orders of magnitude improvement in measurement rate. To investigate the capabilities of TESs in electron spectroscopy, a simulation pipeline has been devised. The pipeline allows the results of a simulated experiment to be compared with the actual spectrum of the incident beam, thereby allowing measurement accuracy and efficiency to be studied. Using Fisher information, the energy resolution of the simulated detectors was also calculated, allowing the intrinsic limitations of the detector to be separated from the specific data analysis method used. The simulation platform has been used to compare the performance of TESs with existing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysers. TESs cannot match the energy resolution of XPS analysers for high-precision measurements but have comparable or better resolutions for high count rate applications. The measurement rate of a typical XPS analyser can be matched by an array of 10 TESs with 120 microsecond response times and there is significant scope for improvement, without compromising energy resolution, by increasing array size.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Phantom and clinical evaluation of the effect of a new Bayesian penalized likelihood reconstruction algorithm (HYPER Iterative) on 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT image quality
Creators: name: Xu, Lei
name: Cui, Can
name: Li, Rushuai
name: Yang, Rui
name: Liu, Rencong
name: Meng, Qingle
name: Wang, Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Phantom evaluation.
Anatomy of Trust
Creators: name: ripeta, figshare admin
name: Welles DeVore, August
name: Hudson Vitale, Cynthia
name: McIntosh, Leslie D.
Publisher: name: Ripeta
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: 160511 Research, Science and Technology Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: An overview of Ripeta’s approach to trust in science. We explore quality indicators of trust and the ways a reader determines the trustworthiness of the science.
Transport Properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma -- A Lattice QCD Perspective
Creators: name: Meyer, Harvey B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport properties of a thermal medium determine how its conserved charge densities (for instance the electric charge, energy or momentum) evolve as a function of time and eventually relax back to their equilibrium values. Here the transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma are reviewed from a theoretical perspective. The latter play a key role in the description of heavy-ion collisions, and are an important ingredient in constraining particle production processes in the early universe. We place particular emphasis on lattice QCD calculations of conserved current correlators. These Euclidean correlators are related by an integral transform to spectral functions, whose small-frequency form determines the transport properties via Kubo formulae. The universal hydrodynamic predictions for the small-frequency pole structure of spectral functions are summarized. The viability of a quasiparticle description implies the presence of additional characteristic features in the spectral functions. These features are in stark contrast with the functional form that is found in strongly coupled plasmas via the gauge/gravity duality. A central goal is therefore to determine which of these dynamical regimes the quark-gluon plasma is qualitatively closer to as a function of temperature. We review the analysis of lattice correlators in relation to transport properties, and tentatively estimate what computational effort is required to make decisive progress in this field.
description: 54 pages, 37 figures, review written for EPJA and APPN; one parag. added end of section 3.4, and one at the end of section 3.2.2; some Refs. added, and some other minor changes
title: ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð±ÑÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ñ ÑÐºÐ²ÐµÑÐ° ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð½Ð° Ð¾Ð·ÐµÑÐµ Ð¡ÐµÑÑÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð Ð°Ð·Ð»Ð¸Ð²
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Project for the improvement of the coastal zone of Peter the Great Square on Lake Sestroretsky Spill
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð°, ÐÐ»ÑÐ³Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ð±ÐµÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ
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coastline
embankment
design
public urban environment
Sestroretsk city
landscaping
research

description: Ð ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐµ Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð±ÑÐ» Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð¡ÐµÑÑÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐºÐ° Ð¸ Ð²ÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ° ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ. ÐÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð±ÑÐµÐ¶Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ñ Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð·Ð°Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð¹. ÐÐ° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¾ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð±ÑÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ñ ÑÐºÐ²ÐµÑÐ° ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð½Ð° Ð¾Ð·ÐµÑÐµ Ð¡ÐµÑÑÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð Ð°Ð·Ð»Ð¸Ð².
description: As a result of the final qualification work, the city of Sestroretsk was analyzed and problem areas of the design territory were identified. The materials of the formation of coastal territories and the principles of their interaction with the urban environment were studied. Based on the data, a solution was proposed for the improvement of the coastal zone of Peter the Great Square on Lake Sestroretsky Spill.
Anatomy of Data Sharing: Where to Share
Creators: name: ripeta, figshare admin
name: Welles DeVore, August
name: Hudson Vitale, Cynthia
name: McIntosh, Leslie D.
Publisher: name: Ripeta
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130212 Science, Technology and Engineering Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 160511 Research, Science and Technology Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: In this installment of Research Bites, we aim to show you how and where you can share your data in the most effective way. We explore some of the most common data locations (as well as some of the least common ones) and why a researcher may choose to utilize its service.
Anatomy of Data Sharing: Where to Share
Creators: name: ripeta, figshare admin
Publisher: name: Ripeta
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130212 Science, Technology and Engineering Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 160511 Research, Science and Technology Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: In this installment of Research Bites, we aim to show you how and where you can share your data in the most effective way. We explore some of the most common data locations (as well as some of the least common ones) and why a researcher may choose to utilize its service.
Governing on the left : essays on governance and party development in contemporary Latin America
Creators: name: Resmini, Fabio
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: This dissertation is comprised of three papers that explore the governance challenges of left-wing presidents in Latin America and the instrumental role that political parties play in solving these challenges. It builds on extensive fieldwork in Ecuador and Bolivia and interviews with former ministers, congresspeople, party officials, media owners, journalists, and experts. The first paper looks at the widespread phenomenon of personalist electoral vehicles and examines why some develop into full-fledged organized parties while others do not. Through a mixed-method approach combining process tracing on the case studies of Venezuela’s MVR/PSUV and Ecuador’s Alianza PAIS and large-N statistical analysis, the paper finds that leaders’ formative political experiences shape whether such parties decide to invest in party organization. Party officials that were socialized in radical left parties early in their career are more likely to advocate for party building and their presence within party cadres is associated with stronger party organization. The second paper explains variation in the communication strategies of left-wing incumbents in response to hostile media environments. Through process-tracing of the cases of Ecuador and Bolivia, the paper finds that the composition of governing parties’ core constituencies shapes the communication strategy of left governments. Parties whose core constituencies are unorganized lack societal channels of communication with the electorate and are forced to create and use state-controlled media structures to disseminate information. On the contrary, parties that draw support from organized constituencies take advantage of affiliated societal organizations to communicate with their electoral base, and do not depend on mediatized communication. The third paper explains the dramatic downfall of Alianza PAIS, the most electorally successful party in Ecuador’s recent history. It shows how, after his switch to a neoliberal policy agenda, President Moreno (2017-2021) dismantled his own party by starving it of the resources necessary to thrive. The paper marshals evidence from interviews, newspaper articles, and roll call votes to demonstrate how three conditions were causally important for this outcome to happen: the top-down structure of the party, the support Moreno received from the opposition, and the fact that Alianza PAIS represented a future threat to Moreno’s policy legacy.
Log-concavity in planar random walks
Creators: name: Chan, Swee Hong
name: Pak, Igor
name: Panova, Greta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove log-concavity of exit probabilities of lattice random walks in certain planar regions.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. The proof is somewhat expanded. Details, new figure and additional references added. To appear in Combinatorica
Quantum dynamics of a driven three-level Josephson-atom maser
Creators: name: Didier, N.
name: Blanter, Ya. M.
name: Hekking, F. W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a lasing effect has been observed in a superconducting nano-circuit where a Cooper pair box, acting as an artificial three-level atom, was coupled to a resonator. Motivated by this experiment, we analyze the quantum dynamics of a three-level atom coupled to a quantum-mechanical resonator in the presence of a driving on the cavity within the framework of the Lindblad master equation. As a result, we have access to the dynamics of the atomic level populations and the photon number in the cavity as well as to the output spectrum. The results of our quantum approach agree with the experimental findings. The presence of a fluctuator in the circuit is also analyzed. Finally, we compare our results with those obtained within a semiclassical approximation.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
title: Ð£Ð»ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ½Ñ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð°ÑÐµÐ»Ñ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Improvement of the parameters of the thermal stress of the piston of a forced automotive engine
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐº, ÐÐ²Ð³ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2021
Subjects: ÐÐ²ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð°ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸
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description: ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ðµ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ, Ð¸ ÑÐ»ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð´Ð¸Ð·ÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð°ÑÐµÐ»Ñ. ÐÐ°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµ ÑÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð´Ðµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ: 1. Ð Ð°ÑÑÐµÑ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ° Ð´Ð¸Ð·ÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð°ÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ 2. Ð Ð°ÑÑÐµÑ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ 3. Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ½Ñ 4. Ð Ð°ÑÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ²ÐµÑÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐµ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ ÑÐ»ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ½Ñ, ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ð° Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð¸ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð° ÐµÐ³Ð¾ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ.
description: This work is devoted to the consideration of such a type of mechanical stress problems as thermal stress, and the improvement of the parameters of the thermal stress of a forced diesel engine. Tasks that were solved in the course of work: 1. Calculation of the working process of a diesel engine in different modes 2. Calculation of the thermal stress of the piston in different modes 3. Development of a workable piston design 4. Estimated confirmation of operability As a result, the parameters of the piston were improved, a new design of the piston was developed and its efficiency was proved.
Hyperfine interactions in silicon quantum dots
Creators: name: Assali, Lucy V. C.
name: Petrilli, Helena M.
name: Capaz, Rodrigo B.
name: Koiller, Belita
name: Hu, Xuedong
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an all-electron calculation of the hyperfine parameters for conduction electrons in Si, showing that: (i) all parameters scale linearly with the spin density at a $^{29}$Si site; (ii) the isotropic term is over 30 times larger than the anisotropic part; (iii) conduction electron charge density at a Si nucleus is consistent with experimental estimates; (iv) Overhauser fields in natural Si quantum dots (QDs) are two orders of magnitude smaller than in GaAs QDs. This reinforces the outstanding performance of Si in keeping spin coherence and opens access to reliable quantitative information aiming at spintronic applications.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Published version
Supplemental material: COVID-19 mortality in children and adolescents in Mexico
Creators: name: Stern, Dalia
name: de la Garza, Eduardo Arias-
name: García-Romero, María Teresa
name: Lajous, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental Table 1: Age-specific data for Mexico showing all-cause and LRI mortality and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for 2019, Mexico City, August 2021

Supplemental Table 2: Age-specific data for Mexico showing all-cause and COVID-19 mortality for 2020 and first half of 2021, Mexico City, August 2021
Experimental quantum secure network with digital signatures and encryption
Creators: name: Yin, Hua-Lei
name: Fu, Yao
name: Li, Chen-Long
name: Weng, Chen-Xun
name: Li, Bing-Hong
name: Gu, Jie
name: Lu, Yu-Shuo
name: Huang, Shan
name: Chen, Zeng-Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cryptography promises four information security objectives, namely, confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation, to support trillions of transactions annually in the digital economy. Efficient digital signatures, ensuring the integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation of data with information-theoretical security are highly urgent and intractable open problems in cryptography. Here, we propose a protocol of high-efficiency quantum digital signatures using secret sharing, one-time universal$_2$ hashing, and the one-time pad. We just need to use a 384-bit key to sign documents of up to $2^{64}$ lengths with a security bound of $10^{-19}$. If one-megabit document is signed, the signature efficiency is improved by more than $10^8$ times compared with previous quantum digital signature protocols. Furthermore, we build the first all-in-one quantum secure network integrating information-theoretically secure communication, digital signatures, secret sharing, and conference key agreement and experimentally demonstrate this signature efficiency advantage. Our work completes the cryptography toolbox of the four information security objectives.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables. Quantum digital signatures and quantum private communication maintain a consistent level of practicality
title: A dynamic Java-based model-to-model transformation environment
Creators: name: Mayerhuber, Felix
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Modelltransformation
subject: Model-To-Model
subject: OSGi
subject: OpenEngSB
subject: Model Transformations
subject: Model-To-Model
subject: OSGi
subject: OpenEngSB

description: This thesis deals with the theoretical concept and the practical approach of the model transformation solution used in the Open Engineering Service Bus (OpenEngSB) project, a tool integration platform with the goal of archiving efficient interoperation between tools in multidisciplinary environments. The proposed approach provides an easy to use model transformation solution which is also flexible and runtime extensible.
The approach is based on Java. Transformation operations are Java methods and models are realised as Java classes' structures (specifically, in means of classes, their attributes and their relations to other classes). The advantage of this approach, is that it can be adapted by every Java developer to address project requirements and their changes (e.g. by adding new operations). In addition, no expertise in formal high-level abstraction modelling and meta modelling is needed; only knowledge about Java is required.
Based on the introduced transformation solution, an approach is introduced to enable a simple form of automatic model update propagation. With this approach, it is possible to define relations between model instances and enforce data integrity between them. The prototype has been tested by its application in practical use-cases out of the OpenEngSB domain and the OpenEngSB customer area. In addition to these use-case tests, the introduced transformation definition language has been compared with other existing approaches and the prototypes performance has been tested.
Numerical Study on Quantum Walks Implemented on the Cascade Rotational Transitions in a Diatomic Molecule
Creators: name: Matsuoka, Leo
name: Kasajima, Tatsuya
name: Hashimoto, Masashi
name: Yokoyama, Keiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an implementation scheme for the continuous-time quantum walk using a diatomic molecule and an optical frequency comb. We show an analogy between the quantum walk and the cascade rotational transitions induced by the optical frequency comb whose frequency peaks are tuned to the pure rotational transitions in the molecule. The strategy to compensate for the centrifugal distortion of the real molecule is also demonstrated.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, submitted to J. Kor. Phys. Soc., Proceedings of AISAMP9
The Mach-Zehnder Interferometer and Photon Dualism: with an Analysis of Nonlocality
Creators: name: Klevgard, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) is chosen to illustrate the long-standing wave particle duality problem. Why is which-way (welcher weg) information incompatible with wave interference? How to explain Wheeler's delayed choice experiment? Most crucially, how can the photon divide at the first beam splitter and yet terminate on either arm with its undiminished energy? The position advanced is that the photon has two identities, one supporting particle features and the other wave features. There is photon kinetic energy that never splits (on half-silvered mirrors) or diffracts (in pinholes or slits). Then there are photon probability waves that do diffract and can reinforce or cancel. Photon kinetic energy is oscillatory; its cycles require/occupy time. E = mc2 suggests that kinetic energy is physically real as occurrence in time just as rest mass is physically real as existence in space; both are quantized and both occupy/require a dimension for their occurrence or existence. Photon kinetic energy (KE) thus resides in time, but is still present/available for interactions (events) in space; rest mass (e.g., your desk) resides in space but is still present/available for interactions (events) in time. While photon probability waves progress in space and diffract there, photon KE resides in time and never diffracts in space; at reception it always arrives whole and imitates particle impact without being a particle. Photon probability waves are real; they diffract in space. Acknowledging that the photon has two identities (residing energy and progressing probability), explains photon dual nature. And wave-particle duality is central to quantum mechanics. Understanding it leads to new insights into entanglement, nonlocality and the measurement problem. Supporting video: https://youtu.be/A1Wabkr0YFE
description: 21 pages. Proc. SPIE 11481, Light in Nature VIII, 114810B (21 August 2020) Supporting video: https://youtu.be/A1Wabkr0YFE
Phonemicity of Pilipino Orthographic System: A Blessing Or a Curse?
Creators: name: Santiago, Alfonso (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1978

description: PHONEMICITY OF PILIPINO ORTHOGRAPHIC SYSTEM: A BLESSING OR A CURSE? 319 1. Background 319 1.1. Introduction 319 1.2. The Contact Situation: A Capsule History 320 1.3. Samples of Spoken Pil 322 2. Standardisation and the Problem of Borrowing 323 2.1. The Incompatibility of Pil and Eng Orthographies 325 2.2. Standardisation vs. Phonemic or Non-phonemic Orthography 326 2.3. Reading vs. Phonemic and Non-phonemic Orthographies 326 3. Reasons Why Pil Borrows from Eng 327 3.1. The Need Factor 328 3.2. The Prestige Factor 328 3.3. The Orientation Factor 328 4. Barriers to Borrowing 329 5. Borrowing: Pil Style 330 5.1. Style 1: Borrowing via Spa 330 5.2. Style 2: Borrowing Direct from Eng with Spelling Adaptation 331 5.3. Style 3: Borrowing Direct from Eng with no Spelling Adaptation 333 6. Concluding Statements 334Bibliography 336
Anatomy of a Funding Statement
Creators: name: ripeta, figshare admin
name: Welles DeVore, August
name: Hudson Vitale, Cynthia
name: McIntosh, Leslie D.
Publisher: name: Ripeta
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: 160511 Research, Science and Technology Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: A guide on how to craft and include a strong funding statement in manuscripts.
SENSKIN: 1ST SENSKIN WORKSHOP HELD AND 2ND WORKSHOP PLANNED
Creators: name: Birkner, Catherine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: In a lively and fruitful discussion, around 40 participants provided valuable input to the work of the project. The aim of this workshop was to analyse the requirements and methodology of the SENSKIN monitoring system. To facilitate and enhance knowledge exchange between practitioners in the field of (SHM), a number of systems already being used and developed within the project context were also presented.
Self-Consistent Theory of Anderson Localization: General Formalism and Applications
Creators: name: Wölfle, P.
name: Vollhardt, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-consistent theory of Anderson localization of quantum particles or classical waves in disordered media is reviewed. After presenting the basic concepts of the theory of Anderson localization in the case of electrons in disordered solids, the regimes of weak and strong localization are discussed. Then the scaling theory of the Anderson localization transition is reviewed. The renormalization group theory is introduced and results and consequences are presented. It is shown how scale-dependent terms in the renormalized perturbation theory of the inverse diffusion coefficient lead in a natural way to a self-consistent equation for the diffusion coefficient. The latter accounts quantitatively for the static and dynamic transport properties except for a region near the critical point. Several recent applications and extensions of the self-consistent theory, in particular for classical waves, are discussed.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures; published version including corrections
Primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate in theories with supersymmetry and inflation
Creators: name: Flores, Marcos M.
name: Kusenko, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that supersymmetry and inflation, in a broad class of models, generically lead to formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) that can account for dark matter. Supersymmetry predicts a number of scalar fields that develop a coherent condensate along the flat directions of the potential at the end of inflation. The subsequent evolution of the condensate involves perturbative decay, as well as fragmentation into Q-balls, which can interact by some long-range forces mediated by the scalar fields. The attractive scalar long-range interactions between Q-balls facilitates the growth of Q-balls until their ultimate collapse to black holes. For a flat direction lifted by supersymmetry breaking at the scale $Λ\sim 100$ TeV, the black hole masses are of the order of $(M_{\rm Planck}^3/Λ^2)\sim 10^{22}$ g, in the allowed range for dark matter. Similar potentials with a lower scale $Λ$ (not necessarily associated with supersymmetry) can result in a population of primordial black holes with larger masses, which can explain some recently reported microlensing events.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
Fixed subgroups of automorphisms of relatively hyperbolic groups
Creators: name: Minasyan, Ashot
name: Osin, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F67, 20E36, 20F65

description: Let G be a finitely generated relatively hyperbolic group. We show that if no peripheral subgroup of G is hyperbolic relative to a collection of proper subgroups, then the fixed subgroup of every automorphism of G is relatively quasiconvex. It follows that the fixed subgroup is itself relatively hyperbolic with respect to a natural family of peripheral subgroups. If all peripheral subgroups of G are slender (respectively, slender and coherent), our result implies that the fixed subgroup of every automorphism of G is finitely generated (respectively, finitely presented). In particular, this happens when G is a limit group, and thus for any automorphism ϕof G, Fix(ϕ) is a limit subgroup of G.
description: Version 2: 18 pages, 4 figures; expanded the Introduction and improved the overall exposition following referee's suggestions
SENSKIN: 2ND SENSKIN WORKSHOP HELD ON 24-25TH MAY 2018 IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY
Creators: name: Birkner, Catherine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Following the first workshop held in Brussels, Belgium on 8th November 2017(as reported in the last issue of this magazine), the H2020 SENSKIN project held its second workshop entitled “SENSKIN Bridge Monitoring System – Prototype Field Tests” at Le Meridien İstanbul Etiler hotel in Istanbul, Turkey, on 24-25th May.
Frequency-Phase-Locking Mechanism inside DC SQUIDs and The Analytical Expression of Current-Voltage Characteristics
Creators: name: Wang, Yongliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct-current superconducting quantum interference devices (dc SQUIDs) are ultra-sensitive flux-to-voltage convertors widely applied for biomagnetism and geophysics; they are working as the magnetic-field-effect transistors (MFETs) for their flux-modulated current-voltage characteristics. However, unlike semiconductor FETs, dc SQUIDs lack general analytical models and expressions to interpret the inner dynamics and outside current-voltage characteristics. This work presents a frequency-phase-locking (FPL) model and the analytical expression to reveal the how the current-voltage characteristics are formed inside dc SQUIDs, and how the characteristics are quantitively decided by the circuit parameters. The application of the analytical expression for the calculations of current-voltage characteristics is demonstrated; the results are compared with the numerical simulations. It is shown that a dc-SQUID is an FPL system inside and a current-modified nonlinear resistor outside; its current-voltage characteristics formed by FPL mechanism are the projections of three network impedances driven by Josephson currents. Based on the FPL model and the analytical expression, dc SQUIDs can be simply treated as nonlinear resistors in practical applications; their performance can be directly predicted and evaluated according to three network impedances.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures