cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic hyperfine interaction of surface-adsorbed single atoms
Creators: name: Kim, Jinkyung
name: Noh, Kyungju
name: Chen, Yi
name: Donati, Fabio
name: Heinrich, Andreas J.
name: Wolf, Christoph
name: Bae, Yujeong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyperfine interactions between electron and nuclear spins have been widely used in material science, organic chemistry, and structural biology as a sensitive probe to the local chemical environment through spatial identification of nuclear spins. With the nuclear spins identified, the isotropic and anisotropic components of the hyperfine interactions in turn offer unique insight into the electronic ground-state properties of the paramagnetic centers. However, traditional ensemble measurements of hyperfine interactions average over a macroscopic number of spins with different geometrical locations and nuclear isotopes. Here, we use a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) combined with electron spin resonance (ESR) to measure hyperfine spectra of hydrogenated-titanium (Ti) atoms on MgO/Ag(100) and thereby determine the isotropic and anisotropic hyperfine interactions at the single-atom level. By combining vector-field ESR spectroscopy with STM-based atom manipulation, we characterize the full hyperfine tensor of individual Ti-47 and Ti-49 atoms and identify significant spatial anisotropy of hyperfine interaction for both isotopes when they are adsorbed at low-symmetry binding sites. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the large hyperfine anisotropy arises from a highly anisotropic distribution of the ground-state electron spin density. Our work highlights the power of ESR-STM-enabled single-atom hyperfine spectroscopy as a powerful tool in revealing ground-state electronic structures and atomic-scale chemical environments with nano-electronvolt resolution.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
Software-Defined Networking-based Crypto Ransomware Detection Using HTTP Traffic Characteristics
Creators: name: Cabaj, Krzysztof
name: Gregorczyk, Marcin
name: Mazurczyk, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ransomware is currently the key threat for individual as well as corporate Internet users. Especially dangerous is crypto ransomware that encrypts important user data and it is only possible to recover it once a ransom has been paid. Therefore devising efficient and effective countermeasures is a rising necessity. In this paper we present a novel Software-Defined Networking (SDN) based detection approach that utilizes characteristics of ransomware communication. Based on the observation of network communication of two crypto ransomware families, namely CryptoWall and Locky we conclude that analysis of the HTTP messages' sequences and their respective content sizes is enough to detect such threats. We show feasibility of our approach by designing and evaluating the proof-of-concept SDN-based detection system. Experimental results confirm that the proposed approach is feasible and efficient.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables
Systematic analysis of structural and magnetic properties of spinel $CoB_2O_4$(B=Cr,Mn and Fe)compounds from their electronic structures
Creators: name: Das, Debashish
name: Biswas, Rajkumar
name: Ghosh, Subhradip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structural and magnetic properties of spinel compounds $CoB_2O_4$ (B=Cr,Mn and Fe) are studied using the DFT+U method and generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We concentrate on understanding the trends in the properties of these materials as the B cation changes, in terms of relative strengths of crystal fields and exchange fields through an analysis of their electronic densities of states. We find that the electron-electron correlation plays a significant role in obtaining the correct structural and electronic ground states. Significant structural distortion in CoMn$_{2}$O$_{4}$ and "inverted" sublattice occupancy in CoFe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ affects the magnetic exchange interactions substantially. The trends in the magnetic exchange interactions are analysed in terms of the structural parameters and the features in their electronic structures. We find that the Fe states in CoFe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ are extremely localised, irrespective of the symmetry of the site, which makes it very different from the features of the states of the B cations in other two compounds. These results provide useful insights into the trends in the properties of CoB$_{2}$O$_{4}$ compounds with variation of B cation which would help in understanding the results of recent experiments on doping of Mn and Cr in multiferroic CoCr$_{2}$O$_{4}$.
description: 10 pGES, 7 FIGURES, To appear in Journal of Physics Condensed Matter
Developing a Scale for Measuring Attitudes of Health Professionals towards PLWHA
Creators: name: Haregot, Esayas
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2007

description: Back ground: - No other disease in recent history has generated so much concern, fear, anxiety, and prejudice both among health care personnel and the general public as has HIV/AIDS. Health providers' attitudes about HIV/AIDS constitute an important dimension in the delivery of quality care to persons with HIV/AIDS. Besides these facts, very little is known about the attitudes of health professionals towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Objective: - This study was aimed at developing a scale for measuring attitudes of health professionals towards PLWHA and evaluating the reliability and validity of the scale. Methodology:-A cross-sectional study was conducted at 10 government hospitals in Addis Ababa between the months of February 2006 and February 2007. The study consisted of two phases: identifying attitude items for the instrument; and administering the instrument in its revised form to 474 health professionals [nurses and physicians] for rating. The instrument was initially pilot tested with other group of 44 health professionals. The instrument was analyzed for reliability and validity throughout the process. SPSS version 11 was used for analysis. Results: A 22-item 'attitude towards PLWHA scale' had been developed with good internal consistency [Cronbach's alpha =0.79], and showed good construct and concurrent validity. Comparison of different groups suggested that nurses and health professionals with limited experience have more negative attitudes towards PLWHA. Factor analysis yielded three subscales explaining 34.35% of the variance: testing PLWHA, stigmatizing attitude, and care/ services. Conclusions: The 'attitudes towards PLWHA' demonstrated strong reliability for the total scale. Continuing study, however, is vital in revising and optimizing the instrument to improve the quality of the scale overtime and externally validate it.
Quasi-two-body decays $B\to Kρ\to Kππ$ in perturbative QCD approach
Creators: name: Wang, Wen-Fei
name: Li, Hsiang-nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the quasi-two-body decays $B\to Kρ\to Kππ$ in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach, in which final-state interactions between the pions in the resonant regions associated with the $P$-wave states $ρ(770)$ and $ρ^\prime(1450)$ are factorized into two-pion distribution amplitudes. Adopting experimental inputs for the time-like pion form factors involved in two-pion distribution amplitudes, we calculate branching ratios and direct $CP$ asymmetries of the $B\to Kρ(770),Kρ^\prime(1450)\to Kππ$ modes. It is shown that agreement of theoretical results with data can be achieved, through which Gegenbauer moments of the $P$-wave two-pion distribution amplitudes are determined. The consistency between the three-body and two-body analyses of the $B\to Kρ(770)\to Kππ$ decays supports the PQCD factorization framework for exclusive hadronic $B$ meson decays.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
The mass of an asymptotically hyperbolic end and distance estimates
Creators: name: Chai, Xiaoxiang
name: Wan, Xueyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Let $(M,g)$ be a complete connected $n$-dimensional Riemannian spin manifold without boundary such that the scalar curvature satisfies $R_g\geq -n(n-1)$ and $\mathcal{E}\subset M$ be an asymptotically hyperbolic end, we prove that the mass functional of the end $\mathcal{E}$ is timelike future-directed or zero. Moreover, it vanishes if and only if $(M,g)$ is isometric to the hyperbolic space. We also consider the mass of an asymptotically hyperbolic manifold with compact boundary, we prove the mass is timelike future-directed if the mean curvature of the boundary is bounded from below by a function defined using distance estimates. As an application, the mass is timelike future-directed if the mean curvature of the boundary is bounded from below by $-(n-1)$ or the scalar curvature satisfies $R_g\geq (-1+κ)n(n-1)$ for any positive constant $κ$ less than one.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures
Determinants of Provider Initiated HIV Counseling and Testing among patients visiting Health Care Facilities in Sheka Zone, South West Ethiopia
Creators: name: Dakito, Asaminew
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2010

description: Background: Ensuring widespread access to and utilization of HIV testing is a central element of a successful response to HIV/AIDS. Increasing the number of people who know their HIV status is an essential means of preventing HIV transmission and of improving the reach of treatment and care services. World Health Organization recommends; all adult patients visiting health facilities should be provided PIHCT as way forward in generalized HIV epidemic setting. Ethiopia has adopted routine HCT since 2007.After implementation of policy the magnitude and possible factors associated with accepting PIHCT were not well documented in Ethiopia in general and sheka zone in particular. Method: Cross-sectional comparative study was employed in order to identify different factors contributing to accepting and non-accepting. Total of 484 subjects 363 acceptors and 121 non-acceptors were selected among physically and mentally capable of giving consent (as part country policy) patients Three acceptors were taken for each non acceptor .Face to face interview was employed using structured questionnaire. For data management and analysis SPSS 11 and Epi –info3.3.2 statistical soft wares were used. Result. Fear of learning own HIV status, confidentiality and less risk perception were mentioned by majority of respondents as barrier of HIV testing. Also some attitude were highlighted as potential barriers ; PIHCT may lead to more violence against women related to test and may lead to avoidance of seeking other health care services for fear of HIV test. After all, being male, (AOR=2.02 CI (1.21, 3.36)) having previous history of HIV test (AOR=2.65 CI (1.60, 4.41)) and belief that ART can improve health of patients (AOR=0.45 CI (0.23, 0.90)) were found to be predictors of PIHCT acceptance. Conclusion and Recommendation: In order to address universal access, implementers should take the above potential barriers under consideration .The authors believe emphasizing on informed consent, confidentiality and counseling can potentially solve most of the problems.
Novel Superposed Kinklike and Pulselike Solutions for Several Nonlocal Nonlinear Equations
Creators: name: Khare, Avinash
name: Saxena, Avadh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a number of nonlocal nonlinear equations including the Ablowitz-Musslimani and the Yang variant of the nonlocal nonlinear Schröd-inger (NLS) equation, nonlocal modified Korteweg de Vries (mKdV) equation as well as the nonlocal Hirota equation admit novel kinklike and pulselike superposed periodic solutions. Further, we show that the nonlocal mKdV equation, in addition also admits the superposed (hyperbolic) kink-antikink solution. Besides, we show that while the nonlocal Ablowitz-Musslimani variant of the NLS admits complex (parity-time reversal or) PT-invariant kink and pulse solutions, neither the local NLS nor the Yang variant of the nonlocal NLS admits such solutions. Finally, except for the Yang variant of the nonlocal NLS, we show that the other three nonlocal equations admit both the kink and pulse solutions in the same model.
description: 31 pages, 0 figures
CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs II. High-resolution imaging with FastCam
Creators: name: Cortes-Contreras, M.
name: Bejar, V. J. S.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Gauza, B.
name: Montes, D.
name: Alonso-Floriano, F. J.
name: Jeffers, S. V.
name: Morales, J. C.
name: Reiners, A.
name: Ribas, I.
name: Schoefer, P.
name: Quirrenbach, A.
name: Amado, P. J.
name: Mundt, R.
name: Seifert, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We search for low-mass companions of M dwarfs and characterize their multiplicity fraction with the purpose of helping in the selection of the most appropriate targets for the CARMENES exoplanet survey. Methods: We obtained high-resolution images in the I band with the lucky imaging instrument FastCam at the 1.5 m Telescopio Carlos Sanchez for 490 mid- to late-M dwarfs. For all the detected binaries, we measured angular separations, position angles, and magnitude differences in the I band. We also calculated the masses of each individual component and estimated orbital periods, using the available magnitude and colour relations for M dwarfs and our own MJ-spectral type and mass-MI relations. To avoid biases in our sample selection, we built a volume-limited sample of M0.0-M5.0 dwarfs that is complete up to 86% within 14 pc. Results: From the 490 observed stars, we detected 80 companions in 76 systems, of which 30 are new discoveries. The multiplicity fraction in our observed sample is 16.7+-2.0% . In our volume-limited sample it is 19.5+-2.3% for angular separations of 0.2 to 5.0 arcsec (1.4-65.6 au), The distribution of the projected physical separations peaks at 2.5-7.5 au. For M0.0-M3.5 V primaries, our search is sensitive to mass ratios higher than 0.3. Binaries with projected physical separations shorter than 50 au tend to be of equal mass. For 26 of our systems, we estimated orbital periods shorter than 50 a, 10 of which are presented here for the first time. We measured variations in angular separation and position angle that are due to orbital motions in 17 of these systems. The contribution of binaries and multiples with angular separations shorter than 0.2 arcsec, longer than 5.0 arcsec, and of spectroscopic binaries identified from previous searches, although not complete, may increase the multiplicity fraction of M dwarfs in our volume-limited sample to at least 36%.
Heavy right-handed neutrino dark matter and PeV neutrinos at IceCube
Creators: name: Dev, P. S. Bhupal
name: Kazanas, D.
name: Mohapatra, R. N.
name: Teplitz, V. L.
name: Zhang, Yongchao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a simple non-supersymmetric model based on the electroweak gauge group $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)^\prime\times U(1)_{B-L}$ where the lightest of the right-handed neutrinos, which are part of the leptonic doublet of $SU(2)^\prime$, play the role of a long-lived unstable dark matter with mass in the multi-PeV range. We use a resonant $s$-channel annihilation to obtain the correct thermal relic density and relax the unitarity bound on dark matter mass. In this model, there exists a 3-body dark matter decay mode producing tau leptons and neutrinos, which could be the source for the PeV cascade events observed in the IceCube experiment. The model can be tested with more precise flavor information of the highest-energy neutrino events in future data.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, minor corrections, version for publication in JCAP
Trace anomaly as signature of conformality in neutron stars
Creators: name: Fujimoto, Yuki
name: Fukushima, Kenji
name: McLerran, Larry D.
name: Praszalowicz, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss an interpretation that a peak in the sound velocity in neutron star matter, as suggested by the observational data, signifies strongly-coupled conformal matter. The normalized trace anomaly is a dimensionless measure of conformality leading to the derivative and the non-derivative contributions to the sound velocity. We find that the peak in the sound velocity is attributed to the derivative contribution from the trace anomaly that steeply approaches the conformal limit. Smooth continuity to the behavior of high-density QCD implies that the matter part of the trace anomaly may be positive definite. We discuss a possible implication of the positivity condition of the trace anomaly on the $M$-$R$ relation of the neutron stars.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; accepted in PRL
Kinetic Field Theory: Perturbation theory beyond first order
Creators: name: Pixius, Christophe
name: Celik, Safak
name: Bartelmann, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present recent improvements in the perturbative treatment of particle interactions in Kinetic Field Theory (KFT) for inertial Zel'dovich trajectories. KFT has been developed for the systematic analytical calculation of non-linear cosmic structure formation on the basis of microscopic phase-space dynamics. We improve upon the existing treatment of the interaction operator by deriving a more rigorous treatment of phase-space trajectories of particles in an expanding universe. We then show how these results can be applied to KFT perturbation theory by calculating corrections to the late-time dark matter power spectrum at second order in the interaction operator. We find that the modified treatment of interactions w.r.t. inertial Zel'dovich trajectories improves the agreement of KFT with simulation results on intermediate scales compared to earlier results. Additionally, we illustrate that including particle interactions up to second order leads to a systematic improvement of the non-linear power spectrum compared to the first-order result.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures
Turbulent Magnetic Field Amplification by the Interaction of Shock Wave and Inhomogeneous Medium
Creators: name: Hu, Yue
name: Xu, Siyao
name: Stone, James M.
name: Lazarian, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic fields on the order of 100 $μ$G observed in young supernova remnants cannot be amplified by shock compression alone. To investigate the amplification caused by turbulent dynamo, we perform three-dimensional MHD simulations of the interaction between shock wave and inhomogeneous density distribution with a shallow spectrum in the preshock medium. The postshock turbulence is mainly driven by the strongest preshock density contrast and follows the Kolmogorov scaling. The resulting turbulence amplifies the postshock magnetic field. The time evolution of the magnetic fields agrees with the prediction of the nonlinear turbulent dynamo theory in Xu & Lazarian (2016). When the initial weak magnetic field is perpendicular to the shock normal, the maximum amplification of the field's strength achieves a factor of $\approx200$, which is twice larger than that for a parallel shock. We find that the perpendicular shock exhibits a smaller turbulent Alfvén Mach number in the vicinity of the shock front than the parallel shock. However, the strongest magnetic field has a low volume filling factor and is limited by the turbulent energy due to the reconnection diffusion taking place in a turbulent and magnetized fluid. The magnetic field strength averaged along the $z$-axis is reduced by a factor $\gtrsim10$. We decompose the turbulent velocity and magnetic field into solenoidal and compressive modes. The solenoidal mode is dominant and evolves to follow the Kolmogorov scaling, even though the preshock density distribution has a shallow spectrum. When the preshock density distribution has a Kolmogorov spectrum, the turbulent velocity's compressive component increases.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
MPEC 2023-N59 : 2022 PZ1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Coupled systems of nonlinear variational inequalities and applications
Creators: name: Costea, Nicusor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J88, 58E35, 58E50

description: In this paper we investigate the existence of solutions for a system consisting of two inequalities of variational type. Each inequality is formulated in terms of a nonlinear bifunction $χ$ and $ψ$, respectively and a coupling functional $B$. We consider two sets of assumptions ${\bf (H_χ^i)}$, ${\bf (H_ψ^j)}$ and ${\bf (H_B^k)}$, $i,j,k\in\{1,2\}$ and we show that, if the constraints sets are bounded, then a solution exists regardless if we assumed the first or the second hypothesis on $χ$, $ψ$ or $B$, thus obtaining eight possibilities. When the constraint sets are unbounded a coercivity condition is needed to ensure the existence of solutions. We provide two such conditions. We consider nonlinear coupling functionals, whereas, in all the papers that we are aware of that dealing with such type of inequality systems the coupling functional is assumed bilinear and satisfies a certain "inf-sup" condition. An application, arising from Contact Mechanics, in the form of a partial differential inclusion driven by the $Φ$-Laplace operator is presented in the last section.
Markov games and the theory of duopoly
Creators: name: Filar, Jerzy A.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Assessment of the Prevalence of Heat Stress Related Illness among outdoor Sugar Factories Workers in Ethiopia.
Creators: name: Hailu, Teklu
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Background: Temperatures are increasing around the globe, exacerbating the existing heat burden of tropical areas for outdoor work environments. Exposure to extreme heat stress can overwhelm the body"s coping mechanisms leading to a serious condition such as heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat cramps, heat rashes, and heat syncope. Sugarcane harvesting is an intense job that involves constant exposure to heat and sunlight. Objective: - The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of heat related illness and current adaptation strategies among outdoor Sugar Factories workers in Ethiopia. Methodology: - Institution based Cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25, 2018, to April 30, 2018, among 143 Wonji Shoa and 261 Metahara Sugar Factories workers, Central Ethiopia. Standardized High Occupational Temperature Health and Productivity Suppression questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of heat related illness among outdoor sugar cane workers and observation checklist and key informants' interview was used to collect data for adaptation strategies. Air temperature and Relative humidity records obtained from Metahara and Wonji Shoa research center were used to calculate Wet Bulb Globe Temperature. Results: - The Prevalence of Heat Related Illness in the study population was 299/401 (74.6%). The Heat related symptoms most experienced were sweating by 394(98.3%) and thirst by 393(98%). The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature was highest in March and April reaching, 27 °C and 22 oC in Metahara and Wonji Shoa sugar Estate respectively. Cooling and hydration, taking break/resting, wearing a light cloth during hot day were currently adopted coping strategies to reduce heat stress. Conclusions: Metahara and Wonji Shoa Sugar factories workers had high prevalence of heat related illness. Even if the weather data shows a low risk of heat index, work rate and lack of adequate coping strategies lead workers in high risk of heat stress. Appropriate coping mechanism also needs to be designed for outdoor Sugar Cane workers whose health is negatively impacted by heat stress.
Supplemental Methods from Blue whales increase feeding rates at fine-scale ocean features
Creators: name: Fahlbusch, James A.
name: Czapanskiy, Max F.
name: Calambokidis, John
name: Cade, David E.
name: Abrahms, Briana
name: Hazen, Elliott L.
name: Goldbogen, Jeremy A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: A pdf produced from a R-Markdown document containing all of the code and figure outputs for the analyses in this manuscript.
Compass Impurity Model of Tb Substitution in Sr2IrO4
Creators: name: Zhang, Long
name: Wang, Fa
name: Lee, Dung-Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that upon Tb substitution the interaction between the magnetic moments on the impurity Tb$^{4+}$ ion and its surrounding Ir$^{4+}$ ions is described by a "compass" model, i.e., Ising-like interaction favoring the magnetic moments across each bond to align along the bond direction. Such interaction nucleates quenched magnetic vortices near the impurities and drives a reentrant transition out of the antiferromagnetic ordered phase at low temperatures hence quickly suppresses the Néel temperature consistent with the experiment [Phys. Rev. B \textbf{92}, 214411 (2015)]. As a by-product, we propose that the compass model can be realized in ordered double perovskites composed of the spin-orbital-coupled $d^{5}$ ions and the half-closed-shell $f^{7}$ ions.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. published version, only slightly revised
A closed clockwork theory: $\mathbb{Z}_2$ parity and more
Creators: name: Choudhury, Debajyoti
name: Maharana, Suvam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new class of clockwork theories with an augmented structure of the near-neighbour interactions along a one-dimensional closed chain. Such a topology leads to new and attractive features in addition to generating light states with hierarchical couplings via the usual clockwork mechanism. For one, there emerges a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry under the exchange of fields resulting in a physical spectrum consisting of states, respectively even and odd under the exchange parity with a two-fold degeneracy at each level. The lightest odd particle, being absolutely stable, could be envisaged as a potential dark matter candidate. The theory can also be obtained as a deconstruction of a five-dimensional theory embedded in a geometry generated by a linear dilaton theory on a $S^1/\mathbb{Z}_2$ orbifold with three equidistant 3-branes. Analogous to the discrete picture, the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry in the bulk theory necessitates the existence of a KK spectrum of even and odd states, with doubly degenerate modes at each KK level when subject to certain boundary conditions.
description: 37 pages, 4 figures. Typos corrected and a new section added. Version to appear in JHEP
aflatoxin exposure and its association with stunting among young children in Butajira district, South-Cental Ethiopia
Creators: name: Ayele, Mary
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Background: Aflatoxins are one family of mycotoxins, which are a naturally occurring toxic by-product. Aflatoxin M1 is the major metabolite product of aflatoxin B1, which is excreted in urine of mammals and gives a reliable indication of recent (24-72 hours) exposure to aflatoxin. Recent evidences suggest several mechanisms through which aflatoxin can impair growth & development. Despite the high prevalence of stunting in Ethiopia, there is no well-established evidence showing individual aflatoxin exposure and its association with stunting in young children Objective: The study assessed aflatoxin exposure and its association with stunting among young children aged 12 to 59 month in Butajira district. Method: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Butajira. We used stratified simple random sampling technique to select the study participants. The study included, 332 children aged 12-59 month. The data were collected in the form of questionnaire, height/length measurement and urine samples collection. Aflatoxin M1 analysis was performed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at Ethiopian Public Health Institute laboratory. The data analysis was carried out using STATA and WHO Antro plus. Multiple logistic regression was used to see the association between stunting and aflatoxin exposure level by adjusting for possible confounders. Results: The mean age of children participated in the study was 39+10.9 month. About 62% of the children were exposed to aflatoxin M1 in their urine, at a level ranging from 0.15ng/ml to 0.4ng/ml. Sixty point nine percent (60.9%) of the study participants were stunted. Children with detectable aflatoxin M1 in their urine at a level of 0.4ng/ml were 1.9 times (95% CI: 0.79, 4.46) more likely to develop stunting than those who were not exposed, even though this association was not significant at p-value <0.05 and 95% CI. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study showed a high prevalence of aflatoxin exposure in the study area. This indicates that strategies and regulations focusing mainly on crop management system and food safety measures need to be revised in order to take in to account the measures for control of aflatoxin exposure.
Supplemental Materials from Blue whales increase feeding rates at fine-scale ocean features
Creators: name: Fahlbusch, James A.
name: Czapanskiy, Max F.
name: Calambokidis, John
name: Cade, David E.
name: Abrahms, Briana
name: Hazen, Elliott L.
name: Goldbogen, Jeremy A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplemental figures and tables referenced in the main text
Cyclic nitrones : the synthesis of some examples of four and six-membered cyclic nitrones
Creators: name: Dunstan, Barry Thomas.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Multiwavelength monitoring and X-ray brightening of Be X-ray binary PSR J2032+4127/MT91 213 on its approach to periastron
Creators: name: Ho, Wynn C. G.
name: Ng, C. -Y.
name: Lyne, Andrew G.
name: Stappers, Ben W.
name: Coe, Malcolm J.
name: Halpern, Jules P.
name: Johnson, Tyrel J.
name: Steele, Iain A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radio and gamma-ray pulsar PSR J2032+4127 was recently found to be in a decades-long orbit with the Be star MT91 213, with the pulsar moving rapidly towards periastron. This binary shares many similar characteristics with the previously unique binary system PSR B1259-63/LS 2883. Here, we describe radio, X-ray, and optical monitoring of PSR J2032+4127/MT91 213. Our extended orbital phase coverage in radio, supplemented with Fermi gamma-ray data, allows us to update and refine the orbital period to 45-50 yr and time of periastron passage to 2017 November. We analyse archival and recent Chandra and Swift observations and show that PSR J2032+4127/MT91 213 is now brighter in X-rays by a factor of ~70 since 2002 and ~20 since 2010. While the pulsar is still far from periastron, this increase in X-rays is possibly due to collisions between pulsar and Be star winds. Optical observations of the Halpha emission line of the Be star suggest that the size of its circumstellar disc may be varying by ~2 over timescales as short as 1-2 months. Multiwavelength monitoring of PSR J2032+4127/MT91 213 will continue through periastron passage, and the system should present an interesting test case and comparison to PSR B1259-63/LS 2883.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures; published in MNRAS; v2, minor edits to better match published version
Trion confinement in monolayer MoSe2 by carbon nanotube local gating
Creators: name: Hotta, Takato
name: Nakajima, Haruna
name: Chiashi, Shohei
name: Inoue, Taiki
name: Maruyama, Shigeo
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Kitaura, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have successfully confined trions into a one-dimensional restricted space of a MoSe2 device with CNT gate electrodes. The dry transfer process, including deterministic dry transfer of aligned CNTs, has led to an hBN-encapsulated MoSe2 device with CNT back gate electrodes. In contrast to a location without CNT gate electrodes, applying voltage via CNT gate electrodes significantly alters PL spectra at a location with CNT gate electrodes. PL imaging has revealed that image contrast from trions is linear along the CNT electrode underneath, consistent with 1D confinement of trions in response to the CNT local gating. The confinement width obtained from the PL image is 5.5 x 10^2 nm, consistent with nanoscale 1D confined trions with the diffraction limit broadening. This work has demonstrated electrical control of excitonic states at the nanoscale, leading to novel optoelectronic properties and exciton devices in the future.
Practice Abstracts BRANCHES PROJECT H2020 - PA45
Creators: name: Miąskowski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Heat,systemsforstoring energy, electric current generator, heat capacity

description: A heat storage device
description: BRANCHES will produce and share more than 50 case studies, considered Best Practices. The selected case studies will be summarized in Practice Abstracts (PAs), documents tailored for practitioners, shared through the project media and collected on this webpage. The numbering of the PAs only refers to chronological order of uploading. Enjoy your reading!
A Single 24 hour Recall is inaccurate in Assessing Exclusive Breast Feeding among Infants under six months of age, Butajira, Ethiopia.
Creators: name: Habtemariam, Esete
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: Background:Indicators are developed to measure the feeding practice of a child. WHO has developed an indicator to asses exclusive breast feeding which is obtained by using single 24 hour recall. Single 24 hour recall only captures the current status. A single day dietary history may be misleading in determining a usual intake of an infant if there is a day to day variation in the feeding pattern, and this might lead to an over estimation and misclassification. Objective:To assess how accurate a single 24 hour dietary recall, multiple 24 hours recall and recall since birth is as compared to 7 repeated 24 hour recall in assessing exclusive breastfeeding among infants less than 6 months, Butajira, Ethiopia. Method:Community based cross sectional study was conducted from March to April 2016. A total of 422infant mother pairsless than 6 months who resides in Butajira were selected by simple random sampling method. Data on duration of EBF was collected by using a single 24 hour recall, multiple 24 hour recall and recall since birth.Mcnemar's test was done to asses if there was a significant difference in rate of EBF. P-value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference in proportion. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were computed by using 7 repeated 24 hour recall as a reference. Result: exclusive breast feeding rate varied across different methods.The highest prevalence 76.7% was obtained by single 24 hour recall. 7 repeated 24 hour recall and recall since birth resulted in EBF rate of 53.2% and 50.2% respectively. Single 24 hour recall overestimates EBF prevalence by 23.54%;by increasing the number of recall we can decrease the degree of overestimation significantly. Taking seven repeated 24 hour recall as a gold standard, single 24 hour recall was observed to have the lowest specificity of 49.7% and positive predictive value of 69.3%. An increase in specificity as high as 94.8% was observed by increasing the number of observation days. Recall since birth was found to have a high specificity 93.8% and positive predictive value 94.2. Conclusion:Single 24 hour recall overestimated EBF prevalence and had the lowest specificity. By increasing observation days we can improve accuracy of estimates of EBF. Recall since birth presented estimates of EBF that is close to reality. The use of recall since birth could be a feasible alternative to assess EBF practice.
SS-HORSE Extension of the No-Core Shell Model: Application to Resonances in $^7{\mathrm He}$
Creators: name: Mazur, I. A.
name: Shin, I. J.
name: Kim, Y.
name: Mazur, A. I.
name: Shirokov, A. M.
name: Maris, P.
name: Vary, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical ab initio studies of resonances in the unbound ${\rm^{7}He}$ nucleus are presented. We perform no-core shell model calculations with $NN$ interactions Daejeon16 and JISP16 and utilize the SS-HORSE method to calculate the $S$ matrix for two-body channels $n{-}{\rm^{6}He}$ and $n{-}{\rm^{6}He^{*}}$ with ${\rm^{6}He}$ respectively in the ground and excited $2^{+}$ states as well as for the four-body democratic decay channel ${{\rm^{4}He}+n+n+n}$. The resonant energies and widths areobtained by numerical location of the $S$-matrix poles. We describe all experimentally known ${\rm^{7}He}$ resonances and suggest an interpretation of an observed wide resonance of unknown spin-parity.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Reactions of hexacyanoferrate (II) and (III) with iodide
Creators: name: Carter, Rodney John.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Unmet need for family planning among HIV positive women attending HIV care and treatment services in Zewditu Memorial Hospital Addis Ababa; Ethiopia
Creators: name: Ketema, Dereje
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: Background: Globally there is huge increase in family planning access and use. Despite this an estimated 137 million women in the developing world, who would like to avoid childbearing, are unable to avoid it. The concept of unmet need defines the gap between women's reproductive intentions and their family planning behavior. There are few incites and substantive data available on the magnitude of unmet needs for family planning and occurrence of unintended pregnancy among HIV positive women in Ethiopia (Addis Ababa). Objective: To assess the unmet need for family planning among HIV positive women attending HIV care and treatment services in Zewditu Memorial Hospital Addis Ababa Methodology: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2013 on 419 HIV positive women. Data was collected using structured questionnaire which was administered by counselor nurses. The data was entered in to EPIinfo and analyzed using SPSS. Result The study findings show that the overall prevalence of unmet need is 32.7%, comprising 21.7%of women who wanted to limit births and 11% who wanted to space births. Educational status and employment status of the women were found to be significantly associated factor with unmet need for family planning. In a multivariate analysis, HIV positive women who have unmet family planning need at P < .019 were having a significantly higher chance of experiencing unintended pregnancy. Family planning and condom use were most discussed with service providers during entry to ART; this was reported by 38% of the respondents. Conclusion: Unmet family planning needs were high among HIV positive women in ART units in Addis Ababa as compared to findings of EDHS 2011. Limiters were higher than spacers. As a major indicator of these, occurrence of unintended pregnancy were higher among HIV positive women in the ART follow up units in Zewditu memorial Hospital
SupplementalAnimation from Blue whales increase feeding rates at fine-scale ocean features
Creators: name: Fahlbusch, James A.
name: Czapanskiy, Max F.
name: Calambokidis, John
name: Cade, David E.
name: Abrahms, Briana
name: Hazen, Elliott L.
name: Goldbogen, Jeremy A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Animation showing the hourly movements over several days of a blue whale that was tagged off the coast of Southern California in 2017. Feeding behavior (green and blue markers) was determined from the stereotypical kinematic signature of blue whale lunge feeding derived from the tag's high-resolution sensors (e.g. pressure, accelerometer). Whale foraging locations are overlaid with Lagrangian features (i.e. Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponents, FTLE) at hourly increments using data from coastal High-Frequency Radar stations (Black and white diamond markers). FTLE was calculated by integrating a grid of evenly-spaced tracers backward in time over a 48-hour period for each time-step.
Electronic origin of structural transition in 122 Fe based superconductors
Creators: name: Ghosh, Haranath
name: Sen, Smritijit
name: Ghosh, Abyay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct quantitative correlations between the orbital order and orthorhombicity is achieved in a number of Fe-based superconductors of 122 family. The former (orbital order) is calculated from first principles simulations using experimentally determined doping and temperature dependent structural parameters while the latter (the orthorhombicity) is taken from already established experimental studies; when normalized, both the above quantities quantitatively corresponds to each other in terms of their doping as well as temperature variations. This proves that the structural transition in Fe-based materials is electronic in nature due to orbital ordering. An universal correlations among various structural parameters and electronic structure are also obtained. Most remarkable among them is the mapping of two Fe\--Fe distances in the low temperature orthorhombic phase, with the band energies E$_{d_{xz}}$, E$_{d_{yz}}$ of Fe at the high symmetry points of the Brillouin zone. The fractional co-ordinate $z_{As}$ of $As$ which essentially determines anion height is inversely (directly) proportional to Fe-As bond distances (with exceptions of K doped BaFe$_2$As$_2$) for hole (electron) doped materials as a function of doping. On the other hand, Fe-As bond-distance is found to be inversely (directly) proportional to the density of states at the Fermi level for hole (electron) doped systems. Implications of these results to current issues of Fe based superconductivity are discussed.
Two model constructions and unary algebras
Creators: name: Billington, W. D. .
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
"Introduction: Expanding the Field of Existential Risk Studies"
Creators: name: Undheim, Trond Arne
name: Zimmer, Daniel
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: existential risk
AI risk
biorisk
policy
scenarios planning

description: The past two decades have seen anthropogenic global catastrophic and existential risks (x-risks) develop into an increasingly prominent source of academic study, policy focus, and public concern. The proceedings of the third annual Stanford Existential Risks Conference present a diverse array of research by both established and emerging scholars on the  past, present, and future of x-risk studies. Some papers sum up the fruits of existing approaches to existential risks, while others address their blind spots or propose potential directions for the future of x-risk studies. Papers vary both by topic—ranging from nuclear risks, biosecurity, ecological collapse, and artificial intelligence and machine learning risks—and by disciplinary approach, featuring works of history, ethics, aesthetics, psychology, political science, sociology, and policy study.  Many papers share a common thread in recognizing the importance of cascading risks—particularly potential interactions among acknowledged x-risks, or how cascades of “merely'' catastrophic risks could combine to jeopardize human survival. Collectively, they contribute to the task of expanding the field of x-risk studies to encompass insights, methods, and ethical orientations drawn from a more diverse and broadly representative range of academic disciplines.