cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
101
Creators: name: S
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: 0
description: {"references": ["Abortion and its Lacking Ethicality, Joshua Vo, 2021", "\"Moral Particularism\", Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy", "\"The Gap Between \"Is\" and \"Should\", The Philosophical Review, Vol 73, P. 165-181", "Judith Jarvis Thomson: \"A Defense of Abortion\", Philosophy & Public Affairs, Vol 1, No. 1, 1971"]}
D7.4 Final report on system model
Creators: name: Chandler, Nicholas
name: Rohani, Shahab
name: Rubio, Pedro
name: Ferreres, Maitane
name: Tatva Bhanderi
name: Schöttl, Peter
name: Weiss, Julius
name: Fluri, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This document is the deliverable D7.4 of the project POLYPHEM. It is planned in the framework of the Work Package 7 (System Modelling and Performance Assessment). In this WP, a finalized dynamic simulation model of the overall plant is developed in several steps. This deliverable contains the information for Task 7.4. Also in this task, a technoeconomic optimization of the plant has been developed based on the objective costs of the project. For this purpose, Fraunhofer ISE has developed the OPTIPHEM tool chain, which is responsible for designing the plant, evaluating the optical performance of the heliostat field, simulating the annual performance of the complete system model and performing the techno-economic optimization.
Parallel high-order resolution of the Shallow-water equations on real large-scale meshes with complex bathymetries
Creators: name: Delmas, Vincent
name: Soulaïmani, Azzeddine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The resolution of the Shallow-water equations is of practical interest in the study of inundations and often requires very large and dense meshes to accurately simulate river flows. Those large meshes are often decomposed into multiple sub-domains to allow for parallel processing. When such a decomposition process is used in the context of distributed parallel computing, each sub-domain requires an exchange of one or more layers of ghost cells at each time step of the simulation due to the spatial dependency of numerical methods. In the first part of this paper, we show how the domain decomposition and ghost-layer generation process can be performed in a parallel manner for large meshes, and show a new way of storing the resulting sub-domains with all their send/receive information within a single CGNS mesh file. The performance of the ghost-layer generation process is studied both in terms of time and memory on 2D and 3D meshes containing up to 70 million cells. In the second part of the paper, the program developed in the first part is used to generate the domain decomposition of large meshes of practical interest in the study of natural free surface flows. We use our in-house multi-CPU multi-GPU (MPI+CUDA) solver to show the impact of multiple layers of ghost cells on the execution times of the first-order HLLC, and second-order WAF and MUSCL methods. Finally, the parallel solver is used to perform the second-order resolution on real large-scale meshes of rivers near Montréal, using up to 32 GPUs on meshes of 13 million cells.
Contextuality and correlation loopholes are equivalent
Creators: name: López, Álvaro García
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that contextual hidden variables including the effect of the measuring devices can be backward-propagated by means of the Green's function to initial Cauchy hidden data. If this data is uncorrelated in spacelike-disjoint sets, the CHSH-Bell inequality can be derived. However, the correlation loophole remains unclosed.
A Brief Rejoinder to Joshua Vo on The Ethicality and Legality of Abortion
Creators: name: Spectrify
name: Khuramy, Mustafa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ethics
Abortion
Libertarianism

description: This paper will be responding to Joshua Vo’s paper titled ‘Abortion and its
 Lacking Ethicality’. We will quote from the original article and provide what we believe to be
 sound refutations to his pro-life position. We will provide a defense of the personhood argument,
 and when it comes to the bodily autonomy argument we will utilize libertarian principles, and
 even grant that the fetus has personhood. Regardless of these factors, we hold the position that
 bodily autonomy is still a valid defense of abortion, or rather eviction.
description: {"references": ["Abortion and its Lacking Ethicality, Joshua Vo, 2021", "\"Moral Particularism\", Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy", "\"The Gap Between \"Is\" and \"Should\", The Philosophical Review, Vol 73, P. 165-181", "Judith Jarvis Thomson: \"A Defense of Abortion\", Philosophy & Public Affairs, Vol 1, No. 1, 1971"]}
Lightweight Super-Resolution Head for Human Pose Estimation
Creators: name: Wang, Haonan
name: Liu, Jie
name: Tang, Jie
name: Wu, Gangshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Heatmap-based methods have become the mainstream method for pose estimation due to their superior performance. However, heatmap-based approaches suffer from significant quantization errors with downscale heatmaps, which result in limited performance and the detrimental effects of intermediate supervision. Previous heatmap-based methods relied heavily on additional post-processing to mitigate quantization errors. Some heatmap-based approaches improve the resolution of feature maps by using multiple costly upsampling layers to improve localization precision. To solve the above issues, we creatively view the backbone network as a degradation process and thus reformulate the heatmap prediction as a Super-Resolution (SR) task. We first propose the SR head, which predicts heatmaps with a spatial resolution higher than the input feature maps (or even consistent with the input image) by super-resolution, to effectively reduce the quantization error and the dependence on further post-processing. Besides, we propose SRPose to gradually recover the HR heatmaps from LR heatmaps and degraded features in a coarse-to-fine manner. To reduce the training difficulty of HR heatmaps, SRPose applies SR heads to supervise the intermediate features in each stage. In addition, the SR head is a lightweight and generic head that applies to top-down and bottom-up methods. Extensive experiments on the COCO, MPII, and CrowdPose datasets show that SRPose outperforms the corresponding heatmap-based approaches. The code and models are available at https://github.com/haonanwang0522/SRPose.
description: ACM MM 2023 accepted
Decorations in the home of Sodrug Xiang policeman's home previous title: Demonstrators marching in the streets to call for an end to price increases, Tibetan man in the foreground looking back, Lhasa, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Demonstrations
Human rights
Tibetans

description: Photograph of a Tibetan man in the foreground looking back at demonstrators marching in the streets of Lhasa to call for an end to price increases.
Blinding Trachoma in Tanzania
Creators: name: Lee, Hwal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: 111712 Health Promotion
subject: Health Care
subject: 111704 Community Child Health
subject: 160508 Health Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: Trachoma is an ocular infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and is a leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. Despite the considerable progress achieved in the past 20 years toward the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem, more than 40 countries including Tanzania remain endemic. Any current and future intervention programs need to focus on empowering communities by providing education and sharing information and should be tailored to the sociocultural context and needs of each community to ensure maximal acceptability and sustainability.
Mortality among persons entering hiv care compared with the general u.s. population: An observational study
Creators: name: Rudolph, J.E.
name: D'Souza, G.
name: Althoff, K.N.
name: Saag, M.
name: Hall, H.I.
name: Silverberg, M.J.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Rebeiro, P.F.
name: Marconi, V.C.
name: Thorne, J.
name: Moore, R.D.
name: Sterling, T.R.
name: Justice, A.
name: Humes, E.
name: Buchacz, K.
name: Filiatreau, L.M.
name: Breger, T.L.
name: Gill, M.J.
name: Cole, S.R.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Lima, V.D.
name: Horberg, M.A.
name: Mathews, W.C.
name: Bosch, R.J.
Publisher: name: American College of Physicians
Year: 2021

description: Background: Understanding advances in the care and treatment of adults with HIV as well as remaining gaps requires comparing differences in mortality between persons entering care for HIV and the general population. Objective: To assess the extent to which mortality among persons entering HIV care in the United States is elevated over mortality among matched persons in the general U.S. population and trends in this difference over time. Design: Observational cohort study. Setting: Thirteen sites from the U.S. North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. Participants: 82 766 adults entering HIV clinical care between 1999 and 2017 and a subset of the U.S. population matched on calendar time, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and county using U.S. mortality and population data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. Measurements: Five-year all-cause mortality, estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator of the survival function. Results: Overall 5-year mortality among persons entering HIV care was 10.6%, and mortality among the matched U.S. population was 2.9%, for a difference of 7.7 (95% CI, 7.4 to 7.9) percentage points. This difference decreased over time, from 11.1 percentage points among those entering care between 1999 and 2004 to 2.7 percentage points among those entering care between 2011 and 2017. Limitation: Matching on available covariates may have failed to account for differences in mortality that were due to sociodemographic factors rather than consequences of HIV infection and other modifiable factors. Conclusion: Mortality among persons entering HIV care decreased dramatically between 1999 and 2017, although those entering care remained at modestly higher risk for death in the years after starting care than comparable persons in the general U.S. population.
Supplemental Material for Renaud et al., 2019
Creators: name: Renaud, Gabriel
name: Hanghøj, Kristian
name: Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen
name: Willerslev, Eske
name: Orlando, Ludovic
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80301 Bioinformatics Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplementary material for our paper "Joint Estimates of Heterozygosity and Runs of Homozygosity for Modern and Ancient Samples"
title: Effet des boîtiers électriques sur l'isolement acoustique des cloisons en plaques de plâtre
Creators: name: Nightingale, T. R. T.
name: Quirt, J. D.
name: Sultan, M. A.
Publisher: name: Conseil national de recherches du Canada. Institut de recherche en construction
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Walls
valueUri: urn:ircsubjects:IRC0842
subject: Murs
valueUri: urn:ircsubjects:IRC0842

description: The placement of electrical outlet boxes made from metal in partition walls that separate units in a multi-family dwelling, can raise concerns regarding sound isolation. Outlet boxes made from plastic have no effect on sound isolation, no matter where in the wall they are placed relative to one another. With metallic electrical outlets, it does matter. In fact, the placement can make a difference of up to 6 STC points. Besides their strategic placement in a wall, it is also possible to treat these outlet boxes with sound-absorbing materials. This can help somewhat. Electrical outlet boxes decrease the fire resistance of partition walls.
description: L'emplacement des boîtiers électriques métalliques dans les cloisons qui séparent les logements des habitations multifamiliales peut avoir des répercussions sur l'isolement acoustique. Les boîtiers en plastique n'ont quant à eux aucune incidence sur l'isolement acoustique, quelle que soit leur position l'un par rapport à l'autre. En revanche, lorsqu'il s'agit de boîtiers métalliques, leur emplacement joue un grand rôle et peut même aller jusqu'à diminuer l'ITS de 6 points. On peut donc faire attention à leur emplacement, mais on peut également insérer des absorbants acoustiques qui s'avèrent parfois efficaces. La présence de boîtiers électriques peut avoir un effet néfaste sur la résistance au feu des cloisons.
title: Évaluation et protection parasismiques des bâtiments
Creators: name: Allen, D. E.
Publisher: name: Conseil national de recherches du Canada. Institut de recherche en construction
Year: 1999

description: Whether or not a building can survive an earthquake depends primarily on its behaviour when horizontally shaken. This behaviour can be predicted and remedial measures, if necessary, invoked. To determine whether a building needs such remedial measures, building owners and professionals would first subject it to a seismic screening process. The screening process determines which buildings should be slated for a detailed evaluation. This usually includes those buildings where the potential for loss of life can be high. Once they have been screened and evaluated, buildings can be retrofitted for seismic resistance using various measures.
description: La résistance d'un bâtiment à un tremblement de terre dépend principalement de son comportement face à des secousses horizontales. Ce comportement est prévisible et des mesures pour y remédier peuvent être prises. Pour déterminer s'il faut prendre de telles mesure pour tel ou tel bâtiment, les propriétaires de bâtiments et les spécialistes soumettront en premier le bâtiment à une sélection sismique. Ce processus permet de déterminer quels sont les bâtiments qui doivent subir une évaluation plus complète. Parmi ceux-là sont généralement compris les bâtiments où le risque de pertes humaines peut être élevé. Dès que les bâtiments ont été sélectionnés et évalués, ils peuvent alors être protégés de différentes manières contre les séismes.
Lexically-Accelerated Dense Retrieval
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Hrishikesh
name: MacAvaney, Sean
name: Goharian, Nazli
name: Frieder, Ophir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Retrieval approaches that score documents based on learned dense vectors (i.e., dense retrieval) rather than lexical signals (i.e., conventional retrieval) are increasingly popular. Their ability to identify related documents that do not necessarily contain the same terms as those appearing in the user's query (thereby improving recall) is one of their key advantages. However, to actually achieve these gains, dense retrieval approaches typically require an exhaustive search over the document collection, making them considerably more expensive at query-time than conventional lexical approaches. Several techniques aim to reduce this computational overhead by approximating the results of a full dense retriever. Although these approaches reasonably approximate the top results, they suffer in terms of recall -- one of the key advantages of dense retrieval. We introduce 'LADR' (Lexically-Accelerated Dense Retrieval), a simple-yet-effective approach that improves the efficiency of existing dense retrieval models without compromising on retrieval effectiveness. LADR uses lexical retrieval techniques to seed a dense retrieval exploration that uses a document proximity graph. We explore two variants of LADR: a proactive approach that expands the search space to the neighbors of all seed documents, and an adaptive approach that selectively searches the documents with the highest estimated relevance in an iterative fashion. Through extensive experiments across a variety of dense retrieval models, we find that LADR establishes a new dense retrieval effectiveness-efficiency Pareto frontier among approximate k nearest neighbor techniques. Further, we find that when tuned to take around 8ms per query in retrieval latency on our hardware, LADR consistently achieves both precision and recall that are on par with an exhaustive search on standard benchmarks.
description: SIGIR 2023
title: Leisure in later life : a case study in Korea
Creators: name: Ho Cha, Joon
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Socio-economic, -demographic, and cultural factors have a major impact on the elderly's leisure patterns. Korea has developed rapidly in a short period of time which makes it hard for the contemporary elderly to keep up with the changes. This can affect their leisure lives after retirement and thus their satisfaction with life. This-research examines how the elderly's leisure patterns change following retirement, and its role alongside socio-economic and demographic factors influencing life satisfaction. The socio-economic anddemographic factors included in the analysis are gender, age, occupation education, cohabitation, irregular work, health status, and income. The data is intended to be a foundation and stepping stone for developing an elderly leisure policy and an elderly leisure education system for Korea , The research comprised a survey of 120 persons in the Gang- N am region of Seoul in South Korea. Male and Female participants aged 50 and over were selected as a sample. For measuring leisure participation, 20 leisure activities 'were utilised from the White Paper on Leisure 2008 conducted by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and they were further grouped into 7 categories by Classification of Leisure Activities based on Edginton, Compton, and Hanson's (1990) research. The main findings are as follows. Continuity is the most common trend in leisure activity after retirement rather than developments predicted by activity and disengagement Theories. Socio-economic factors such as income, occupation, education, cohabitation, and health condition influence the elderly's leisure activity patterns as well as their life satisfaction. Men seemed to be more leisure active than women, the younger compared to the older, and the better educated than the less educated. All the various groups in the research reported increased levels of activity since they had retired. Life satisfaction scores were the lowest among those who were / living alone, and those with chronic health conditions. However, as with leisure participation, all the groups reported an upward trend in life satisfaction after retirement. The increased satisfaction was mainly due to increased social participation. It was mainly the individuals who continued or increased their participation in leisure activities which they practised prior to retirement who showed a boost in their life satisfaction.
title: Comment réduire la transmission du son aérien par les planchers
Creators: name: Warnock, A. C. C.
Publisher: name: Conseil national de recherches du Canada. Institut de recherche en construction
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Floors
valueUri: urn:ircsubjects:IRC0841
subject: Planchers
valueUri: urn:ircsubjects:IRC0841

description: What matters primarily in the control of airborne sound transmission is the total mass per unit area of the subfloor and ceiling layers. Anything that increases the total mass -- other than the mass of the joists -- increases the sound isolation. That is valid for both joist floors and concrete slab floors. What matters secondarily is that the gypsum board ceiling is held by resilient channels to the joists. (If the gypsum board ceiling is rigidly attached, the STC has little chance of rising to 50.) Several other variables, either with the materials or the way in which they are used, can influence the sound isolation somewhat.
description: La première variable qui permet de réduire la transmission des sons aériens est la masse totale par unité de surface du support de revêtement de sol et des épaisseurs de sous-face. Tout ce qui augmente la masse totale - à part la masse des solives - augmente l'isolement acoustique. Ceci s'applique aux planchers avec solives mais aussi aux planchers avec dalle de béton. Un autre facteur qui influe sur l'ITS est l'utilisation de profilés souples pour fixer les plaques de plâtre aux solives. (Si la plaque de plâtre est fixée directement, l'ITS a peu de chances d'atteindre une valeur de 50.) Enfin plusieurs autres variables, soit dans les matériaux, soit dans la façon dont ils sont utilisés, peuvent avoir une incidence, d'une manière ou d'une autre, sur l'isolement acoustique.
Comparative effectiveness and harms of antibiotics for outpatient diverticulitis two nationwide cohort studies
Creators: name: Sturmer, T.
name: Peery, A.F.
name: Hinton, S.P.
name: Lund, J.L.
name: Bartelt, L.A.
name: Pate, V.
name: Sandler, R.S.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Kinlaw, A.C.
name: Gaber, C.E.
Publisher: name: American College of Physicians
Year: 2021

description: Background: Outpatient diverticulitis is commonly treated with either a combination of metronidazole and a fluoroquinolone (metronidazole-with-fluoroquinolone) or amoxicillin-clavulanate alone. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration advised that fluoroquinolones be reserved for conditions with no alternative treatment options. The comparative effectiveness of metronidazole-with-fluoroquinolone versus amoxicillin-clavulanate for diverticulitis is uncertain. Objective: To determine the effectiveness and harms of metronidazole-with-fluoroquinolone versus amoxicillin-clavulanate for outpatient diverticulitis. Design: Active-comparator, new-user, retrospective cohort studies. Setting: Nationwide population-based claims data on U.S. residents aged 18 to 64 years with private employer-sponsored insurance (2000 to 2018) or those aged 65 years or older with Medicare (2006 to 2015). Participants: Immunocompetent adults with diverticulitis in the outpatient setting. Intervention: Metronidazole-with-fluoroquinolone or amoxicillin-clavulanate. Measurements: 1-year risks for inpatient admission, urgent surgery, and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and 3-year risk for elective surgery. Results: In MarketScan (IBM Watson Health), new users of metronidazole-with-fluoroquinolone (n = 106 361) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (n = 13 160) were identified. There were no differences in 1-year admission risk (risk difference, 0.1 percentage points [95% CI, -0.3 to 0.6]), 1-year urgent surgery risk (risk difference, 0.0 percentage points [CI, -0.1 to 0.1]), 3-year elective surgery risk (risk difference, 0.2 percentage points [CI, -0.3 to 0.7]), or 1-year CDI risk (risk difference, 0.0 percentage points [CI, -0.1 to 0.1]) between groups. In Medicare, new users of metronidazole-with-fluoroquinolone (n = 17 639) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (n = 2709) were identified. There were no differences in 1-year admission risk (risk difference, 0.1 percentage points [CI, -0.7 to 0.9]), 1-year urgent surgery risk (risk difference, -0.2 percentage points [CI, -0.6 to 0.1]), or 3-year elective surgery risk (risk difference, -0.3 percentage points [CI, -1.1 to 0.4]) between groups. The 1-year CDI risk was higher for metronidazole-with-fluoroquinolone than for amoxicillin-clavulanate (risk difference, 0.6 percentage points [CI, 0.2 to 1.0]). Limitation: Residual confounding is possible, and not all harms associated with these antibiotics, most notably drug-induced liver injury, could be assessed. Conclusion: Treating diverticulitis in the outpatient setting with amoxicillin-clavulanate may reduce the risk for fluoroquinolone-related harms without adversely affecting diverticulitis-specific outcomes.
Population dynamics and crop damage assessment of Scarabaeid pests in the North-Western Himalayas
Creators: name: Rana, Abhishek
name: Chandel, Ravinder Singh
name: Verma, Kuldeep Singh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Scarabs are pests of horticultural crops in the north-western Himalayan regions. However, our current understanding falls short in comprehending the factors driving the population flare-ups of these pests. We investigated the pest population dynamic of Melolontha sp. Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Polyphylla sikkimensis Brenske (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) by monitoring seven sites using UV traps and damage caused by them in 2017 and 2018. Melolontha furcicauda (Ancey) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) was the most dominant species, followed by Melolontha Cuprescens Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Melolontha indica Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and P. sikkimensis. The activity of species peaked in July. The highest Shannon (1.35–1.36), Simpson (0.73–0.74) and Pielou’s evenness indices (0.97–0.98) were recorded at Badagaon in both years. Scarab species from Badagaon and Janjehli were similar in species richness and abundance while Palampur and Sangla were most dissimilar. Melolontha indica and M. furcicauda preferred rose the most and M. cuprescens preferred apple. Maximum damage rate of potato (42.5–47.5%), cabbage (26.2–28.8%) and kidney beans (18.7–20.0%) by P. sikkimensis was recorded at Badagaon.
Color slides of Tibetan demonstrators calling for an end to Chinese occupation of Tibet and the violent response of riot police, Lhasa, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Demonstrations
Police brutality
Tibetans

description: Color slides of Tibetan demonstrators calling for an end to Chinese occupation of Tibet and the violent response of riot police in Lhasa.
Transportability from Randomized Trials to Clinical Care: On Initial HIV Treatment with Efavirenz and Suicidal Thoughts or Behaviors
Creators: name: Westreich, D.
name: Mathews, W.C.
name: Collier, A.C.
name: Eaton, E.F.
name: Xu, S.
name: Pence, B.W.
name: Crane, H.M.
name: Bengtson, A.M.
name: O'Cleirigh, C.
name: Tierney, C.
name: Weideman, A.M.K.
name: Mollan, K.R.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Cole, S.R.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: In an analysis of randomized trials, use of efavirenz for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was associated with increased suicidal thoughts/behaviors. However, analyses of observational data have found no evidence of increased risk. To assess whether population differences might explain this divergence, we transported the effect of efavirenz use from these trials to a specific target population. Using inverse odds weights and multiple imputation, we transported the effect of efavirenz on suicidal thoughts/behaviors in these randomized trials (participants were enrolled in 2001-2007) to a trials-eligible cohort of US adults initiating antiretroviral therapy while receiving HIV clinical care at medical centers between 1999 and 2015. Overall, 8,291 cohort participants and 3,949 trial participants were eligible. Prescription of antidepressants (19% vs. 13%) and injection drug history (16% vs. 10%) were more frequent in the cohort than in the trial participants. Compared with the effect in trials, the estimated hazard ratio for efavirenz on suicidal thoughts/behaviors was attenuated in our target population (trials: hazard ratio (HR) = 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.4); transported: HR = 1.8 (95% CI: 0.9, 4.4)), whereas the incidence rate difference was similar (trials: HR = 5.1 (95% CI: 1.6, 8.7); transported: HR = 5.4 (95% CI:-0.4, 11.4)). In our target population, there was greater than 20% attenuation of the hazard ratio estimate as compared with the trials-only estimate. Transporting results from trials to a target population is informative for addressing external validity.
title: Modelling basin-scale sediment dynamics in the Petit lac d'Annecy catchment, France
Creators: name: Elizabeth Welsh, Katharine
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: This research describes the testing, development and application of an established hydro-geomorphic numerical model (CAESAR) over different time scales (170-2000 years) to simulate at hourly time resolution, the changes in the hydrological and sediment regime of the Petit lac d’Annecy catchment in response to changes in system drivers. Two thousand year long model runs in five different morphological settings were simulated, the results suggest that intrinsic system behaviour such as storage-release, hillslope-channel coupling and supply-capacity relationships may well exert larger controls on sediment discharge patterns over this timescale than climate or land use drivers. Hypothetical scenarios to investigate the geomorphic implications of a snow-free pre-alpine region over the last 2000 years show that there would be around 1.4 times more sediment discharge, with the annual hydrological regime radically altered with increased flooding throughout the year, particularly in winter months and a lack of a sustained discharge peak in the ‘melt’ months. This has implications for the projected environmental changes over the coming decades. The simulated effects of increased precipitation, reduced forest cover and snow-free conditions, in combination, point to increased amounts of coarse sediment discharge within the channels. Broad estimations show that a 20% reduction in forest cover or snow-free conditions can result in an additional 1m of sediment moving through the system and accumulating in the lake with potentially large impacts on flooding, in-channel fauna, benthic-dwelling lake fauna, aquatic macrophysics and water quality and water availability for storage and local power generation.
Congestion Analysis for the DARPA OFFSET CCAST Swarm
Creators: name: Brown, Robert
name: Adams, Julie A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) OFFensive Swarm-Enabled Tactics program's goal of launching 250 unmanned aerial and ground vehicles from a limited sized launch zone was a daunting challenge. The swarm's aerial vehicles were primarily multirotor platforms, which can efficiently be launched en masse. Each field exercise expected the deployment of an even larger swarm. While the launch zone's spatial area increased with each field exercise, the relative space for each vehicle was not necessarily increased, considering the increasing size of the swarm and the vehicles' associated GPS error; however, safe mission deployment and execution were expected. At the same time, achieving the mission goals required maximizing efficiency of the swarm's performance by reducing congestion that blocked vehicles from completing tactic assignments. Congestion analysis conducted before the final field exercise focused on adjusting various constraints to optimize the swarm's deployment without reducing safety. During the field exercise, data was collected that permitted analyzing the number and durations of individual vehicle blockages' impact on the resulting congestion. After the field exercise, additional analyses used the mission plan to validate the use of simulation for analyzing congestion.
description: 32 pages, 15 figures with multiple subfigures, Field Robotics Journal, published
Comparing Parametric, Nonparametric, and Semiparametric Estimators: The Weibull Trials
Creators: name: Cole, S.R.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Breskin, A.
name: Hudgens, M.G.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: We use simple examples to show how the bias and standard error of an estimator depend in part on the type of estimator chosen from among parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric candidates. We estimated the cumulative distribution function in the presence of missing data with and without an auxiliary variable. Simulation results mirrored theoretical expectations about the bias and precision of candidate estimators. Specifically, parametric maximum likelihood estimators performed best but must be "omnisciently"correctly specified. An augmented inverse probability-weighted (IPW) semiparametric estimator performed best among candidate estimators that were not omnisciently correct. In one setting, the augmented IPW estimator reduced the standard error by nearly 30%, compared with a standard Horvitz-Thompson IPW estimator; such a standard error reduction is equivalent to doubling the sample size. These results highlight the gains and losses that can be incurred when model assumptions are made in any analysis.
Υγεία και Ασφάλεια του Προσωπικού Έκτακτης Ανάγκης σε μια Καταστροφή Μεγάλης Κλίμακας
Creators: name: Καραμάνου, Ασπασία
name: Ιωάννα Τσούπρα
name: Ευστράτιος Δαβάκης
name: Σπυρίδων Μακρής
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 40604 Natural Hazards
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 130205 Humanities and Social Sciences Curriculum and Pedagogy (excl. Economics, Business and Management)
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 50205 Environmental Management
subject: 150305 Human Resources Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Ένα χαρακτηριστικό αυτών
των μεγάλων, σπάνιων, και δυναμικών εκδηλώσεων των καταστροφών, είναι η ταχέως εξελισσόμενη
πολυπλοκότητα που αντιμετωπίζουν τα άτομα που προσπαθούν να διαχειριστούν
αποτελεσματικά όλες τις οργανώσεις, τους ανθρώπους, τις δραστηριότητες και τα
καθήκοντα, τον εξοπλισμό και τις προμήθειες, τις επικοινωνίες καθώς και την
ασφάλεια και την υγεία όλων των εμπλεκομένων.

Η παρουσίαση
επικεντρώνεται στο σχεδιασμό ετοιμότητας των καταστροφών μεγάλης κλίμακας παρέχοντας
μια σειρά βιβλιογραφικών συστάσεων, σχετικά με το πώς θα μπορούσε να βελτιωθεί
η διαχείριση της υγείας και ασφάλειας του προσωπικού έκτακτης ανάγκης στον τόπο
της καταστροφής. Το θέμα αυτό έχει επισημανθεί από πολλούς ειδικούς και
αποτελεί ζήτημα αυξημένης προτεραιότητας, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη ότι οι εργαζόμενοι
εκτίθεται σε όλο και περισσότερους και σοβαρότερους κινδύνους καθώς έρχονται
αντιμέτωποι με τα καταστροφικά γεγονότα μεγαλύτερα τόσο σε αριθμό όσο και των
επιπτώσεών τους.
A Geography of Risk: Structural Racism and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality in the United States
Creators: name: Noppert, G.A.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Gartner, D.R.
name: Zalla, L.C.
name: Martin, C.L.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is disproportionately burdening racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States. Higher risks of infection and mortality among racialized minorities are a consequence of structural racism, reflected in specific policies that date back centuries and persist today. Yet our surveillance activities do not reflect what we know about how racism structures risk. When measuring racial and ethnic disparities in deaths due to COVID-19, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention statistically accounts for the geographic distribution of deaths throughout the United States to reflect the fact that deaths are concentrated in areas with different racial and ethnic distributions from those of the larger United States. In this commentary, we argue that such an approach misses an important driver of disparities in COVID-19 mortality, namely the historical forces that determine where individuals live, work, and play, and that consequently determine their risk of dying from COVID-19. We explain why controlling for geography downplays the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 on racialized minority groups in the United States. Finally, we offer recommendations for the analysis of surveillance data to estimate racial disparities, including shifting from distribution-based to risk-based measures, to help inform a more effective and equitable public health response to the pandemic.
A bias-free quantum random number generation using photon arrival time selectively
Creators: name: Wang, Jian-min
name: Xie, Tian-yu
name: Zhang, Hong-fei
name: Yang, Dong-xu
name: Xie, Chao
name: Wang, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a high-quality, bias-free quantum random number generator (QRNG) using photon arrival time selectively in accordance with the number of photon detection events within a sampling time interval in attenuated light. It is well showed in both theoretical analysis and experiments verification that this random number production method eliminates both bias and correlation perfectly without more post processing and the random number can clearly pass the standard randomness tests. We fulfill theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the method whose rate can reach up to 45Mbps.
Across Muir Éireann
Creators: name: O'Donovan, Tim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This article in the European Seed magazine discusses the development in the Irish seed industry and the role of plant-based proteins. Topics discussed include breeding rights, industry bodies, plant breeding in Ireland, variety lists, seed certification schemes, future trends, pesticides, plant-based proteins, hybridisation and opportunities in the sector.
description: Publisher: European Seed https://european-seed.com/2020/02/across-muir-eireann/
SIMULATION IN PRACTICE: THE BALANCING INTERCEPT
Creators: name: Rudolph, J.E.
name: Westreich, D.J.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Naimi, A.I.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: Simulation is an important tool within epidemiology for both learning and developing new methodology (1–5). Unfortunately, few epidemiology training programs teach basic simulation methods. Briefly, when conducting a simulation experiment, we generally follow the same basic steps. We first decide which variables to include, as well as their distributions and associations—often aided by a causal diagram. We then generate those variables by sampling from their specified distributions and estimate whatever target parameter is of interest (e.g., sample average or causal effect). We finally repeat the processmultiple times, building a distribution for the target parameter from the estimates obtained in each replicate.
Unsupervised Incremental Learning and Prediction of Music Signals
Creators: name: Marxer, Ricard
name: Purwins, Hendrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; H.5.5
subject: 68T05

description: A system is presented that segments, clusters and predicts musical audio in an unsupervised manner, adjusting the number of (timbre) clusters instantaneously to the audio input. A sequence learning algorithm adapts its structure to a dynamically changing clustering tree. The flow of the system is as follows: 1) segmentation by onset detection, 2) timbre representation of each segment by Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients, 3) discretization by incremental clustering, yielding a tree of different sound classes (e.g. instruments) that can grow or shrink on the fly driven by the instantaneous sound events, resulting in a discrete symbol sequence, 4) extraction of statistical regularities of the symbol sequence, using hierarchical N-grams and the newly introduced conceptual Boltzmann machine, and 5) prediction of the next sound event in the sequence. The system's robustness is assessed with respect to complexity and noisiness of the signal. Clustering in isolation yields an adjusted Rand index (ARI) of 82.7% / 85.7% for data sets of singing voice and drums. Onset detection jointly with clustering achieve an ARI of 81.3% / 76.3% and the prediction of the entire system yields an ARI of 27.2% / 39.2%.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
title: The surveillance gaze : women's perceptions and experiences within urban space
Creators: name: Anne  Flynn, Barbara
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: This thesis is concerned with exploring women's experiences of formal and informal surveillance practices within the specific context of urban space. The focus of the research is to address two questions: What impact do surveillance practices have on women's perceptions and experiences of their inclusion within urban space? How is the socio spatial ordering aspect of surveillance mediated by gender? In order to begin this process of exploration, - the thesis considers normative ~', =. assumptions about surveillance practices within the UK which are informed by a 'nothing to hide, nothing to fear' ethos.. This justification fails to acknowledge or explore the social ordering capacity enabled by one of the worlds most technologically advanced surveillance systems. This thesis explores gender as a primary social ordering category and explores how the power dynamics inherent in gender relations are played out within the context of urban space. The thesis explores how the changing nature of 'public' and 'private' impacts on the experience of equal ,t' access within the arena of 'public' space. The influences of surveillance practices and existing gender relations on the processes involved in developing regenerated urban space are explored, alongside constantly shifting boundaries of 'public' /' private' enabled by surveillance technologies.
Dawa (a.k.a. Tsomoling Dawa) arrested by police after demonstration in Lhasa, 1988
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Militarization of police
Human rights
Tibetans

description: Photograph of Dawa (a.k.a. Tsomoling Dawa), a former monk of Sera Monastery, arrested by police after demonstration in Lhasa.
Disorder suppressed charge-density-wave and its origin in 1T-TaSe2-xTex
Creators: name: Liu, Y.
name: Shao, D. F.
name: Lu, W. J.
name: Li, L. J.
name: Lv, H. Y.
name: Zhu, X. D.
name: Tan, S. G.
name: Yuan, B.
name: Zu, L.
name: Kan, X. C.
name: Song, W. H.
name: Sun, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the sake of connecting the charge-density-wave (CDW) of TaSe$_2$ and single-\emph{\textbf{q}} CDW-type distortion of TaTe$_2$, we present an overall electronic phase diagram of 1\emph{T}-TaSe$_{2-x}$Te$_x$ ($0 \leq x \leq 2$). In the experimentally prepared single crystals, the CDW is completely suppressed as $0.5 < x < 1.5$, while superconductivity emerges as $0.2 < x < 1.2$. Theoretically, similar to 1\emph{T}-TaSe$_2$ and 1\emph{T}-TaTe$_2$, the hypothetic 1\emph{T}-TaSeTe with ordered Se/Ta/Te stacking shows instability in the phonon dispersion, indicating the presence of CDW in the ideally ordered sample. The contradictory between experimental and theoretical results suggests that the CDW is suppressed by disorder in 1\emph{T}-TaSe$_{2-x}$Te$_x$. The formation and suppression of CDW are found to be independent with Fermi surface nesting based on the generated electron susceptibility calculations. The calculation of phonon linewidth suggests the strong \textbf{\emph{q}}-dependent electron-phonon coupling induced period-lattice-distortion (PLD) should be related to our observation: The doping can largely distort the TaX$_6$ (X = Se, Te) octahedra, which are disorderly distributed. The resulted puckered Ta-Ta layers are not compatible with the two-dimensional PLD. Therefore, CDW is suppressed in 1\emph{T}-TaSe$_{2-x}$Te$_x$. Our results offer an indirect evidence that PLD, which can be influenced by strong disorder, is the origin of CDW in the system.
title: The response of structures to acoustic excitation with special reference to the sonic boom
Creators: name: Reginald Hudson, Roderick
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: The research reported in this thesis is concerned with the response of mechanical structures to the excitation of acoustic fields. Both the vibration of the structure itself (sonic boom studies) and the secondary sound field which this vibration produces (transmission loss studies) are investigated. In measuring the airborne transmission loss of a high loss partition an important limitation of the University's experimental suite was discovered. Attempts at an indirect measurement of transmission loss using vibration transducers illustrate a fallacious assumption of most transmission loss theories. These findings impose a considerable limitation upon the accelerometer method of transmission loss measurement. The study of structural vibration was extended to sonic boom response. In particular the effects of a cavity behind a panel upon the panel's dynamic properties is studied both experimentally and theoretically. This model is comparable with a window-room system and so is of current interest in the evaluation of the possibility of sonic boom damage.
title: Seismic evaluation and upgrading of buildings
Creators: name: Allen, D. E.
Publisher: name: National Research Council of Canada. Institute for Research in Construction
Year: 1999

description: Whether or not a building can survive an earthquake depends primarily on its behaviour when horizontally shaken. This behaviour can be predicted and remedial measures, if necessary, invoked. To determine whether a building needs such remedial measures, building owners and professionals would first subject it to a seismic screening process. The screening process determines which buildings should be slated for a detailed evaluation. This usually includes those buildings where the potential for loss of life can be high. Once they have been screened and evaluated, buildings can be retrofitted for seismic resistance using various measures.
description: La résistance d'un bâtiment à un tremblement de terre dépend principalement de son comportement face à des secousses horizontales. Ce comportement est prévisible et des mesures pour y remédier peuvent être prises. Pour déterminer s'il faut prendre de telles mesure pour tel ou tel bâtiment, les propriétaires de bâtiments et les spécialistes soumettront en premier le bâtiment à une sélection sismique. Ce processus permet de déterminer quels sont les bâtiments qui doivent subir une évaluation plus complète. Parmi ceux-là sont généralement compris les bâtiments où le risque de pertes humaines peut être élevé. Dès que les bâtiments ont été sélectionnés et évalués, ils peuvent alors être protégés de différentes manières contre les séismes.