cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Novel black-bounce spacetimes: wormholes, regularity, energy conditions, and causal structure
Creators: name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
name: Rodrigues, Manuel E.
name: Silva, Marcos V. de S.
name: Simpson, Alex
name: Visser, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a number of novel "black-bounce" spacetimes. These are specific regular black holes where the "area radius" always remains non-zero, thereby leading to a "throat" that is either timelike (corresponding to a traversable wormhole), spacelike (corresponding to a "bounce" into a future universe), or null (corresponding to a "one-way wormhole"). We shall first perform a general analysis of the regularity conditions for such a spacetime, and then consider a number of specific examples. The examples are constructed using a mass function similar to that of Fan--Wang, and fall into several particular cases, such as the original Simpson--Visser model, a Bardeen-type model, and other generalizations thereof. We shall analyse the regularity, the energy conditions, and the causal structure of these models. The main results are several new geometries, more complex than before, with two or more horizons, with the possibility of an extremal case. We shall derive a general theorem regarding static space-time regularity, and another general theorem regarding (non)-satisfaction of the classical energy conditions.
description: V1: 26 pages, 13 figures. V2: Still 26 pages, 13 figures; 7 references added, plus some historical comments. No physics changes. V3: Now 27 pages, still 13 figures. Title change, new section on volume quantifier integral on pg 8, new calculation Eq.~(56) on pg 10, additional discussion pg 11, 2 new references added, bibliography tidied
Dynamical response of the nuclear pasta in neutron star crusts
Creators: name: Horowitz, C. J.
name: Pérez-García, M. A.
name: Berry, D. K.
name: Piekarewicz, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear pasta -- a novel state of matter having nucleons arranged in a variety of complex shapes -- is expected to be found in the crust of neutron stars and in core-collapse supernovae at subnuclear densities of about $10^{14}$ g/cm$^3$. Due to frustration, a phenomenon that emerges from the competition between short-range nuclear attraction and long-range Coulomb repulsion, the nuclear pasta displays a preponderance of unique low-energy excitations. These excitations could have a strong impact on many transport properties, such as neutrino propagation through stellar environments. The excitation spectrum of the nuclear pasta is computed via a molecular-dynamics simulation involving up to 100,000 nucleons. The dynamic response of the pasta displays a classical plasma oscillation in the 1-2 MeV region. In addition, substantial strength is found at low energies. Yet this low-energy strength is missing from a simple ion model containing a single-representative heavy nucleus. The low-energy strength observed in the dynamic response of the pasta is likely to be a density wave involving the internal degrees of freedom of the clusters.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Phys Rev C in press
Examination of toppling behaviour in large rock slopes using the UDEC computer code
Creators: name: Nichol, Susan L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: ABSTRACT The question of how to predict the catastrophic failure of a slowly deforming rock mass, be it a natural or engineered slope, remains unresolved despite a large body of research on the topic. The transition of the deformation mechanism from slow, self-stabilizing toppling to rapid, catastrophic detachment continues to hold the interest of researchers due to the proximity of many such deforming slopes to vital infrastructure such as major transportation routes and hydroelectric power facilities. The idea that certain key parameters may influence toppling behaviour in a quantifiable way was examined through a qualitative study of a large rock slope carried out using the Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC). The slope was modelled using variations of intact rock strength, discontinuity orientation and persistence, and toe conditions. While it was not feasible to consider every possible parameter, this study allowed the influence of small changes to be tracked, and boundaries of behaviour to be mapped. The study showed that stable flexural toppling develops in rock masses characterized by weak to medium-strength rock with relatively few cross-joints. Stresses in these cases remain sub-parallel to the ground surface in the upper portions of the slope. The study demonstrated that deformation of slopes undergoing flexural toppling is relatively slow and generally does not accelerate. With slow rotation, discontinuity dips become sufficiently shallow that flexural toppling is no longer kinematically feasible and these slopes ultimately stabilize.. With more persistent cross-joints and stronger rock, the study showed that deformation generally accelerates and catastrophic brittle toppling failure is more likely to occur. This type of failure is strongly promoted by toe undercutting. Stress distributions show sub-vertical stresses dominating the upper portions of the slope. Simplified models of Mystery Creek (catastrophic failure) and Mount Breakenridge (stabilized) were able to demonstrate these contrasting types of behaviour.
Research Frontiers in the Economics of Climate Change
Creators: name: Toman, Michael
name: Toman, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: climate change
subject: sustainable development
subject: integrated assessment
subject: environmental uncertainty
subject: environmental policy

description: Academic and policy debates over climate change risks and policies have stimulated economic research in a variety of fields. In this article I briefly discuss eight overlapping areas of current research in which further effort particularly is warranted. These areas include decision criteria for policy; risk assessment and adaptation; uncertainty and learning; abatement cost and the innovation and diffusion of technology; and the credibility of policies and international agreements. Further analysis in these areas not only will advance academic understanding but also will provide insights of considerable importance to policymakers.
Renormalization group calculation of the uniform susceptibilities in low-dimensional systems
Creators: name: Freire, Hermann
name: Correa, Eberth
name: Ferraz, Alvaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the one-dimensional (1D) and the two-dimensional (2D) repulsive Hubbard models (HM) for densities slightly away from half-filling through the behavior of two central quantities of a system: the uniform charge and spin susceptibilities. We point out that a consistent renormalization group treatment of them can only be achieved within a two-loop approach or beyond. In the 1D HM, we show that this scheme reproduces correctly the metallic behavior given by the well-known Luttinger liquid fixed-point result. Then, we use the same approach to deal with the more complicated 2D HM. In this case, we are able to show that both uniform susceptibilities become suppressed for moderate interaction parameters as one take the system towards the Fermi surface. Therefore, this result adds further support to the interpretation that those systems are in fact insulating spin liquids. Later, we perform the same calculations in 2D using the conventional random phase approximation, and establish clearly a comparison between the two schemes.
description: Second version. Contribution to the conference "Renormalization Group 2005", which took place in Helsinki, Finland
Homological localizations of Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectra
Creators: name: Gutiérrez, Javier J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54P60, 54P42

description: We discuss the Bousfield localization $L_E X$ for any spectrum $E$ and any $HR$-module $X$, where $R$ is a ring with unit. Due to the splitting property of $HR$-modules, it is enough to study the localization of Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectra. Using general results about stable $f$-localizations, we give a method to compute the localization of an Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectrum $L_E HG$ for any spectrum $E$ and any abelian group $G$. We describe $L_E HG$ explicitly when $G$ is one of the following: finitely generated abelian groups, $p$-adic integers, Prüfer groups, and subrings of the rationals. The results depend basically on the $E$-acyclicity patterns of the spectrum $H\Q$ and the spectrum $H\Z/p$ for each prime $p$.
description: 9 pages
Ethynyl (C2H) in massive star formation: Tracing the initial conditions?
Creators: name: Beuther, H.
name: Semenov, D.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Linz, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: APEX single-dish observations at sub-millimeter wavelengths toward a sample of massive star-forming regions reveal that C2H is almost omni-present toward all covered evolutionary stages from Infrared Dark Clouds via High-Mass Protostellar Objects to Ultracompact HII regions. High-resolution data from the Submillimeter Array toward one hot-core like High-Mass Protostellar Object show a shell-like distribution of C2H with a radius of ~9000AU around the central submm peak position. These observed features are well reproduced by a 1D cloud model with power-law density and temperature distributions and a gas-grain chemical network. The reactive C2H radical (ethynyl) is abundant from the onset of massive star formation, but later it is rapidly transformed to other molecules in the core center. In the outer cloud regions the abundance of C2H remains high due to constant replenishment of elemental carbon from CO being dissociated by the interstellar UV photons. We suggest that C2H may be a molecule well suited to study the initial conditions of massive star formation.
description: Accepted for Astrophysical Journal Letters, 4 pages, 3 figures, for a high-resolution version, see http://www.mpia.de/homes/beuther/papers.html
Beyond Animal Testing Index: Benchmarking tool for a world beyond animal testing.
Creators: name: Krul, Cyrille
name: De Moor, Annick
name: Stegmeijer, Koen
name: Stoop, Reinout
name: Van Luijk, Judith
name: Prins, Jan-Bas
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: Model organisms
subject: Model organisms
classificationCode: Imaging
subject: Imaging
classificationCode: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Genetics & Genomics

description: While the original definition of replacement focuses on the replacement of the use of animals in science, a more contemporary definition focuses on accelerating the development and use of predictive and robust models, based on the latest science and technologies, to address scientific questions without the use of animals. The transition to animal free innovation is on the political agenda in and outside the European Union. The Beyond Animal Testing Index (BATI) is a benchmarking instrument designed to provide insight into the activities and contribution of research institutes in the transition to animal free innovation. The BATI allows participating organizations to learn from each other and stimulates continuous improvement. The BATI was modelled after the Access to Medicine Index, which benchmarks pharmaceutical companies on their efforts to make medicines widely available in developing countries. A prototype of the BATI was field tested with three Dutch academic medical centers and two universities in 2020-2021. The field test demonstrated the usability and effectiveness of the BATI as a benchmarking tool. Analyses were performed across five different domains. The participating institutes concluded that the BATI served as an internal, as well as an external stimulus to share, learn and improve institutional strategies towards the transition to animal free innovation. The BATI also identified gaps in the development and implementation of 3R technologies. Hence, the BATI might be a suitable instrument for monitoring the effectiveness of policies. BATI version 1.0 is ready to be used for benchmarking at a larger scale.
Disentangling Scaling Properties in Anisotropic Fracture
Creators: name: Bouchbinder, Eran
name: Procaccia, Itamar
name: Sela, Shani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structure functions of rough fracture surfaces in isotropic materials exhibit complicated scaling properties due to the broken isotropy in the fracture plane generated by a preferred propagation direction. Decomposing the structure functions into the even order irreducible representations of the SO(2) symmetry group (indexed by $m=0,2,4...$) results in a lucid and quickly convergent description. The scaling exponent of the isotropic sector ($m=0$) dominates at small length scales. One can reconstruct the anisotropic structure functions using only the isotropic and the first non vanishing anisotropic sector ($m=2$) (or at most the next one ($m=4$)). The scaling exponent of the isotropic sector should be observed in a proposed, yet unperformed, experiment.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures
Implementing Electricity Restructuring: Policies, Potholes, and Prospects
Creators: name: Brennan, Timothy J.
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Martinez, Salvador A.
name: Brennan, Timothy J.
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Martinez, Salvador A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: electricity restructuring
subject: regulation
subject: deregulation

description: Electricity is one of the last U.S. industries in which competition is replacing regulation. We briefly review the technology for producing and delivering power, the history of electricity policy, and recent state and international experience. We then outline the major questions facing policymakers as they decide whether, when, and how to implement restructuring. We conclude with some thoughts on the California electricity crisis and other political controversies. Although the California experience has come to define what it means for electricity markets to fail, most of the problems it raised are among those we know how to solve or prevent. The still unresolved make-or-break issue remains whether the cooperation necessary to maintain reliability is compatible with the degree of competition necessary to bring about greater efficiency and lower prices. This paper draws upon our forthcoming book, Alternating Currents: Electricity Markets and Public Policy.
Self-calibration of weak lensing systematic effects using combined two- and three-point statistics
Creators: name: Pyne, Susan
name: Joachimi, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the prospects for using the weak lensing bispectrum alongside the power spectrum to control systematic uncertainties in a Euclid-like survey. Three systematic effects are considered: the intrinsic alignment of galaxies, uncertainties in the means of tomographic redshift distributions, and multiplicative bias in the measurement of the shear signal. We find that the bispectrum is very effective in mitigating these systematic errors. Varying all three systematics simultaneously, a joint power spectrum and bispectrum analysis reduces the area of credible regions for the cosmological parameters $Ω_\mathrm{m}$ and $σ_8$ by a factor of 90 and for the two parameters of a time-varying dark energy equation of state by a factor of almost 20, compared with the baseline approach of using the power spectrum alone and of imposing priors consistent with the accuracy requirements specified for Euclid. We also demonstrate that including the bispectrum self-calibrates all three systematic effects to the stringent levels required by the forthcoming generation of weak lensing surveys, thereby reducing the need for external calibration data.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 22 pages
Fiscal Interactions and the Case for Carbon Taxes over Grandfathered Carbon Permits
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: carbon taxes
subject: carbon permits
subject: fiscal interactions
subject: revenue recycling

description: This paper provides simple formulas for adjusting the costs of carbon taxes and tradable carbon permits to account for interactions with preexisting tax distortions in the labor market. Both policies reduce labor supply as they increase product prices and reduce real household wages; the resulting efficiency losses in the labor market can be substantial relative to partial equilibrium abatement costs. However, much of this added cost can be offset-and perhaps more than offset when additional distortions from the tax system are considered-if revenues from carbon taxes or auctioned permits are used to reduce distortionary taxes. Consequently, there can be a strong case on efficiency grounds for using carbon taxes or auctioned permits over grandfathered carbon permits.
The Roles of the Environment and Natural Resources in Economic Growth Analysis
Creators: name: Toman, Michael
name: Toman, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: economic growth
subject: natural resources
subject: sustainable development

description: The primary aim of this paper is pedagogical. We first present and discuss a "wiring diagram" framework in order to elucidate the general links between economic growth and "natural capital." After developing the general framework, we develop parallel frameworks applicable to several specific sectors of the economy (agriculture, forestry, and manufacturing). Two appendices provide a mathematical formulation of the economy-wide framework and a brief historical review of the role of natural resources and the environment in economic growth theory.
SAHELIAN INPUT MARKETS: RECENT PROGRESS AND REMAINING CHALLENGES
Creators: name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Industrial Organization

description: The objective of this paper is to review progress made and challenges remaining as Sahelian governments and entrepreneurs work together to develop the input markets that are so essential to the modernization of Sahelian agriculture. The paper is designed to inform Sahelian decision makers. Because the most important purchased input in the Sahel is currently inorganic fertilizer, the paper focuses on fertilizer markets. In an effort to provide Sahelian decision makers with information on a broad range of options, we have drawn on experiences throughout W. Africa rather than focusing only on the Sahel. Numerous references to experiences in the Coastal countries of W. Africa not only provide Sahelians with some perspective on how their experience compares to that of other W. African countries, but also contribute to an understanding of the opportunities and constraints to developing regional input markets. Developing input markets is a major challenge throughout Africa, not just in the Sahel.
Quantum inequalities for massless spin-3/2 field in Minkowski spacetime
Creators: name: Hu, Bo
name: Ling, Yi
name: Zhang, Hongbao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum inequalities have been established for various quantum fields in both flat and curved spacetimes. In particular, for spin-3/2 fields, Yu and Wu have explicitly derived quantum inequalities for massive case. Employing the similar method developed by Fewster and colleagues, this paper provides an explicit formula of quantum inequalities for massless spin-3/2 field in four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime.
description: revtex4, 6 pages, accepted to be published in PRD, minor corrections, typos corrected
Generic Spiral Spin Liquids
Creators: name: Yao, Xu-Ping
name: Liu, Jian Qiao
name: Huang, Chun-Jiong
name: Wang, Xiaoqun
name: Chen, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spiral spin liquids are unique classical spin liquids that occur in many frustrated spin systems, but do not comprise a new phase of matter. Owing to extensive classical ground-state degeneracy, the spins in a spiral spin liquid thermally fluctuate cooperatively from a collection of spiral configurations at low temperatures. These spiral propagation wavevectors form a continuous manifold in reciprocal space, \textit{i.e.}, a spiral contour or a spiral surface, that strongly governs the low-temperature thermal fluctuations and magnetic physics. In this paper, the relevant spin models conveying the spiral spin liquid physics are systematically explored and the geometric origin of the spiral manifold is clarified in the model construction. The spiral spin liquids based on the dimension and the codimension of the spiral manifold are further clarified. For each class, the physical properties are studied both generally and for specific examples. The results are relevant to a wide range of frustrated magnets. A survey of materials is given and future experiments are suggested.
description: 12 + epsilon pages, 6 figures
1998 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR FRUIT FARMS
Creators: name: Nott, Sherrill B.
name: Nott, Sherrill B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by fruit farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension. This report has three purposes: 1)to provide statistical information about the financial results on fruit farms during 1998; 2)to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3)to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
IMPROVING VERTICAL COORDINATION OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES THROUGH SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: Ricks, Donald J.
name: Woods, Timothy A.
name: Sterns, James A.
name: Ricks, Donald J.
name: Woods, Timothy A.
name: Sterns, James A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Industrial Organization

description: Supply chain management is an important topic related to improving efficiency, vertical coordination, overall performance and competitiveness in food industries. Considerable attention has been given to supply chain management as an approach for improving vertical coordination and market performance in both the trade literature and by food economists. Much of this has been primarily from the perspective of grocery retailer-wholesalers, food manufacturers and their suppliers. Supply chain management is also very relevant, with substantial opportunities for improved efficiency and performance, if the perspective is from an agricultural commodity industry. The goal for a commodity industry in this regard is to find ways to enhance their responsiveness to their customers, and ultimately their competitiveness. This can be accomplished when two or more vertical segments together pursue innovative approaches to doing business with emphasis on the vertical linkages that mutually benefit all parties.
2002 MICHIGAN DAIRY FARM BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Creators: name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This report summarizes the financial and production records of 150 dairy farms from throughout Michigan. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The farms in this report were located throughout Michigan. The records came from Michigan State University's Telfarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. The farms are larger than would be the average of all dairy farms in Michigan. Farm records checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exist, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 06/15/04.
PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN PROMOTING HIGH EXTERNAL-INPUT TECHNOLOGIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE SASKAWA GLOBAL 2000 EXPERIENCE IN ETHIOPIA AND MOZAMBIQUE
Creators: name: Howard, Julie A.
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
name: Stepanek, Julie
name: Crawford, Eric W.
name: Howard, Julie A.
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
name: Stepanek, Julie
name: Crawford, Eric W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Critics argue that high external input technologies are too costly for African farmers, and that pilot programs to promote them are economically unsustainable. This paper assesses Sasakawa-Global 2000 programs in Ethiopia and Mozambique; budgets, yield models and subsector analysis help explain the radically different country results and prognoses for sustainable adoption.
Chaotic advection and targeted mixing
Creators: name: Benzekri, Tounsia
name: Chandre, Cristel
name: Leoncini, Xavier
name: Lima, Ricardo
name: Vittot, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advection of passive tracers in an oscillating vortex chain is investigated. It is shown that by adding a suitable perturbation to the ideal flow, the induced chaotic advection exhibits two remarkable properties compared with a generic perturbation : Particles remain trapped within a specific domain bounded by two oscillating barriers (suppression of chaotic transport along the channel), and the stochastic sea seems to cover the whole domain (enhancement of mixing within the rolls).
DMRG evaluation of the Kubo formula -- Conductance of strongly interacting quantum systems
Creators: name: Bohr, Dan
name: Schmitteckert, Peter
name: Woelfle, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a novel approach combining linear response theory (Kubo) for the conductance and the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG). The system considered is one-dimensional and consists of non-interacting tight binding leads coupled to an interacting nanostructure via weak links. Electrons are treated as spinless fermions and two different correlation functions are used to evaluate the conductance. Exact diagonalization calculations in the non-interacting limit serve as a benchmark for our combined Kubo and DMRG approach in this limit. Including both weak and strong interaction we present DMRG results for an extended nanostructure consisting of seven sites. For the strongly interacting structure a simple explanation of the position of the resonances is given in terms of hard-core particles moving freely on a lattice of reduced size.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. Minor typos corrected
SPChain: Blockchain-based Medical Data Sharing and Privacy-preserving eHealth System
Creators: name: Zou, Renpeng
name: Lv, Xixiang
name: Zhao, Jingsong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The development of eHealth systems has brought great convenience to people's life. Researchers have been combining new technologies to make eHealth systems work better for patients. The Blockchain-based eHealth system becomes popular because of its unique distributed tamper-resistant and privacy-preserving features. However, due to the security issues of the blockchain system, there are many security risks in eHealth systems utilizing the blockchain technology. i.e. 51% attacks can destroy blockchain-based systems. Besides, trivial transactions and frequent calls of smart contracts in the blockchain system bring additional costs and security risks to blockchain-based eHealth systems. Worse still, electronic medical records (EMRs) are controlled by medical institutions rather than patients, which causes privacy leakage issues. In this paper, we propose a medical data Sharing and Privacy-preserving eHealth system based on blockChain technology (SPChain). We combine RepuCoin with the SNARKs-based chameleon hash function to resist underlying blockchain attacks, and design a new chain structure to make microblocks contribute to the weight of blockchain. The system allows patients to share their EMRs among different medical institutions in a privacy-preserving way. Besides, authorized medical institutions can label wrong EMRs with the patients' permissions in the case of misdiagnosis. Security analysis and performance evaluation demonstrate that the proposed system can provide a strong security guarantee with a high efficiency.
Natural multiparticle entanglement in a Fermi gas
Creators: name: Lunkes, C.
name: Brukner, C.
name: Vedral, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate multipartite entanglement in a non-interacting fermion gas, as a function of fermion separation, starting from the many particle fermion density matrix. We prove that all multiparticle entanglement can be built only out of two-fermion entanglement. Although from the Pauli exclusion principle we would always expect entanglement to decrease with fermion distance, we surprisingly find the opposite effect for certain fermion configurations. The von Neumann entropy is found to be proportional to the volume for a large number of particles even when they are arbitrarily close to each other. We will illustrate our results using different configurations of two, three, and four fermions at zero temperature although all our results can be applied to any temperature and any number of particles.
description: Replaced with revised edition
CAPTURING HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL SPATIAL INFLUENCE IN AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT USING RANDOM EFFECTS REGRESSION
Creators: name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Swinton, Scott M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Data on agricultural and natural resource management typically have spatial patterns related to the landscapes from which they came. Consequently, econometric models designed to explain the determinants of humans' natural resource management practices or their outcomes often have spatial structure that can bring bias or inefficiency to parameter estimates. Although econometric tools are available to correct for spatial structure, such tools are largely lacking for use with discrete dependent variable models. While one obvious solution would be to develop the necessary tools, an alternative is to identify conditions under which spatial dependency can be managed effectively without formal spatial autoregressive models. This study examines conditions under which spatial structure corresponds closely to defined agro-ecological zones, making it possible to model spatial effects by random effects regression. Using household survey data sampled along agro-ecological zone strata, this article develops two models of links between farmer assets and agricultural natural resource degradation in southern Peru. The first stage model looks at determinants of crop yield loss over time (an index of soil productivity), while the second stage model looks at determinants of the extent of fallow cycles in crop rotation, a key agricultural practice reducing crop yield loss. Diagnostic statistics for spatial dependency reveal spatial structure, particularly in the fallow model. This spatial dependency is eliminated in the ordinary least squares (OLS) models by inclusion of the agro-ecological zone random effects. In the spatially dependent fallow model, comparison of coefficient estimates between OLS and the spatial autoregressive maximum likelihood models showed OLS with random effects to give virtually identical results to the spatial autoregressive models, making the latter unnecessary. These results show that spatial structure in natural resource management models can sometimes be captured by zonal variables. When this occurs, random effects regression can largely eliminate spatial dependency. A necessary precondition for this approach with household survey data is prior sample stratification according to landscape characteristics. Where random effects models can effectively capture spatial structure, they may also offer analysts greater flexibility in analyzing models with limited dependent variables.
Teleseismic imaging of the southeastern Canadian Shield and Cascadia subduction zone
Creators: name: Rondenay, Stéphane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is divided into two parts that illustrate different approaches to multichannel analysis of broadband, teleseismic array data. In Part I, a range of established techniques is applied to data from a teleseismic experiment conducted across the southeastern Canadian Shield. Multi-event SKS-splitting results yield an average delay time of 0.57±0.22 s and a direction of fast polarization of N93° E± 18° for the region, which is consistent with an earlier interpretation of fossil strain fields in the lithosphere. Profiling of radial receiver functions reveals an abrupt, northward thinning of the crust, some 65 km southeast of the Grenville Front. This structure is interpreted as a subduction suture extending the full length of the Front and punctuating a major, pre-Grenvillian episode of lithospheric assembly. P and S-velocity models derived from teleseismic travel-time inversion outline a low-velocity, NW-SE striking corridor that crosses the array at latitude 46°N and lies between 50 and 300 km depth. This feature postdates stabilization of the craton and is postulated to represent interaction of the Great Meteor plume with zones of weakness developed during earlier rifting episodes. Part II demonstrates the application of a new technique for formal, multi-parameter, 2-D inversion of scattered waveforms. Upon discussing a range of practical and numerical considerations, the method is applied to data from the CASC93 experiment undertaken in central Oregon to investigate the structure of the Cascadia subduction zone. Two major features are imaged in the resulting model. The continental Moho appears at approximately 150 km from the coast as a positive velocity contrast near 40 km depth. The layers of the eastward dipping Juan de Fuca plate continue from 20 km depth below the coast to at least 100 km beneath the High Cascades. A disruption of oceanic crust is imaged near 40 km depth, below which crustal expression is considerably diminished. This depth coincides with an increase in plate dip, in addition to enhanced mantle conductivity and seismic reflectivity documented in previous geophysical studies. I interpret these observations to represent the effects of metamorphic reactions within the oceanic crust which lead to dehydration and eclogitization.
2004 Michigan Upper Peninsula Dairy Business Analysis Summary
Creators: name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This report summarizes the financial and production records of 23 dairy farms across the Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The farms in this report were located throughout Michigan. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. Farm records checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Micewski, Andrzej: Das Deutschlandbild in der katholischen Publizistik Polens 1969-1974
Creators: name: Kg.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 25 Nr. 4 (1976): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 25, Heft 4
Vacuum polarization on topological black holes with Robin boundary conditions
Creators: name: Morley, Thomas
name: Taylor, Peter
name: Winstanley, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the renormalized vacuum polarization for a massless, conformally coupled scalar field on asymptotically anti-de Sitter black hole backgrounds. Mixed (Robin) boundary conditions are applied on the spacetime boundary. We consider black holes with nonspherical event horizon topology as well as spherical event horizons. The quantum scalar field is in the Hartle-Hawking state, and we employ Euclidean methods to calculate the renormalized expectation values. Far from the black hole, we find that the vacuum polarization approaches a finite limit, which is the same for all boundary conditions except Dirichlet boundary conditions.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, very minor changes
Agricultural Supply Response in ORANI
Creators: name: Adams, Philip D.
name: Adams, Philip D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: In the ORANI general equilibrium model, the supply behaviour of agricultural industries is the crucial element shaping the response of agriculture as a whole to any exogenous shock. In this paper, elasticity formulae which measure agricultural supply behaviour in the model are derived. These elasticities are found to be very sensitive to year-on year changes in the level of agricultural profitability, embodied within the model's data base. The appropriate procedure, therefore, is to construct a synthetic data set designed to capture the agricultural sector in a recent average year. Supply elasticities based upon these data represent the "preferred" estimates of this study.
Optimal photons for quantum information processing
Creators: name: Rohde, Peter P.
name: Ralph, Timothy C.
name: Nielsen, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic quantum information processing schemes, such as linear optics quantum computing, and other experiments relying on single-photon interference, inherently require complete photon indistinguishability to enable the desired photonic interactions to take place. Mode-mismatch is the dominant cause of photon distinguishability in optical circuits. Here we study the effects of photon wave-packet shape on tolerance against the effects of mode-mismatch in linear optical circuits, and show that Gaussian distributed photons with large bandwidth are optimal. The result is general and holds for arbitrary linear optical circuits, including ones which allow for post-selection and classical feed-forward.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Farm Cost Effects of Dairy Policies in New South Wales and Victoria
Creators: name: Lembit, Murray
name: Bhati, U.N.
name: Lembit, Murray
name: Bhati, U.N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management

description: Market milk policies pursued by statutory milk marketing authorities differ between states in Australia. The policy differences are particularly large between Victoria and New South Wales and are thought to produce different levels of farm costs. It was hypothesised that the New South Wales policies produced higher farm costs than the Victorian policies. This hypothesis was tested using three-year data for a set of dairy farms located on both sides of the border in a fairly compact and homogeneous part of the Murray River basin. Hence, farms were studied that operated under different milk policies but similar environmental conditions. The analysis found that the New South Wales policies did lead to higher farm costs.
A multicomponent coupled model of glacier hydrology
Creators: name: Flowers, Gwenn Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Multiple lines of evidence suggest a causal link between subglacial hydrology and phenomena such as fast-flowing ice. This evidence includes a measured correlation between water under alpine glaciers and their motion, the presence of saturated sediment beneath Antarctic ice streams, and geologic signatures of enhanced paleo-ice flow over deformable substrates. The complexity of the glacier bed as a three-component mixture presents an obstacle to unraveling these conundra. Inadequate representations of hydrology, in part, prevent us from closing the gap between empirical descriptions and a comprehensive consistent framework for understanding the dynamics of glacierized systems. I have developed a distributed numerical model that solves equations governing glacier surface runoff, englacial water transport, subglacial drainage, and subsurface groundwater flow. Ablation and precipitation drive the surface model through a temperature-index parameterization. Water is permitted to flow over and off the glacier, or to the bed through a system of crevasses, pipes, and fractures. A macroporous sediment horizon transports subglacial water to the ice margin or to an underlying aquifer. Governing equations are derived from the law of mass conservation and are expressed as a balance between the internal redistribution of water and external sources. Each of the four model components is represented as a two-dimensional, vertically-integrated layer that communicates with its neighbors through water exchange. Stacked together, these layers approximate a three-dimensional system. I tailor the model to Trapridge Glacier, where digital maps of the surface and bed have been derived from ice-penetrating radar data. Observations of subglacial water pressure provide additional constraints on model parameters and a basis for comparison of simulations with real data. Three classical idealizations of glacier geometry are used for simple model experiments. Equilibrium tests emphasize geometric controls on hydrology, while time-dependent simulations disclose where and how the input forcing is manipulated by the system. Results of sensitivity tests show good qualitative agreement with the glaciological lore. Using Trapridge Glacier geometry and meteorological observations, I investigate hydrology on sub-hourly, diurnal, and seasonal timescales. Examples from 1990, 1995, and 1997 collectively substantiate the merit of the model in a variety of situations.
A Note on Maximizing Utility in Quadratic Programming Models for Farm Planning
Creators: name: Batterham, Robert L.
name: Batterham, Robert L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Methods of obtaining a utility maximizing solution from quadratic programming models for farm planning are presented. The methods require only simple modifications to models constructed to produce an EV frontier from a portfolio selection model.
Floquet state depletion in ac-driven circuit QED
Creators: name: Chen, Ming-Bo
name: Wang, Bao-Chuan
name: Kohler, Sigmund
name: Kang, Yuan
name: Lin, Ting
name: Gu, Si-Si
name: Li, Hai-Ou
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Hu, Xuedong
name: Jiang, Hong-Wen
name: Cao, Gang
name: Guo, Guo-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform Floquet spectroscopy in a GaAs double quantum dot system coupled to a high-impedance superconducting resonator. By applying microwave induced consecutive passages under a double resonance condition, we observe novel Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana interference patterns that stem from a cavity-assisted interference pattern modified by the depletion of the ground state. Our experimental results reveal the stationary state behavior of a strongly driven two-level system, and are consistent with the simulations based on our theoretical model. This study provides an excellent platform for investigating the dynamics of Floquet states in the presence of strong driving.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Between passion and senses? Emotional dimensions of legal cultures in historical perspective
Creators: name: Ellerbrock, Dagmar
name: Kesper-Biermann, Sylvia
Publisher: name: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology
Year: 2016

description: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology, Vol 6, No 2 (2015): Between Passion and Senses? Perspectives on Emotions and Law
The Cost of Delay in Harvesting Wheat
Creators: name: Whan, Ian F.
name: Hammer, G.L.
name: Whan, Ian F.
name: Hammer, G.L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This paper develops a methodology for estimating the costs of delay of harvesting wheat and demonstrates the approach using data for Southern Queensland. Costs associated with delay in harvesting wheat stem from quality downgrading after rain on the mature crop, yield loss due to ageing and labour costs related to the delay period itself. The most difficult of these costs to predict is loss due to quality downgrading. This loss is hypothesized to depend on the probability of various rain related events given a range of harvest starting dates and harvest durations. A probability analysis was used to relate rainfall events and loss so that expected delay costs, given a range of harvesting durations and starting dates, could be specified. The variability of delay costs from year to year was considered so that the risk associated with decisions based on expected costs could be specified. An optimal harvesting capacity for a given area and rainfall site in Southern Queensland was suggested after taking account of the other delay costs and the capital cost of various harvesting capacities.
Product Supply Elasticities for the Australian Broadacre Industries, Estimated with a Programming Model
Creators: name: Hall, Nigel H.
name: Menz, Kenneth M.
name: Hall, Nigel H.
name: Menz, Kenneth M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper reports on estimates of the supply response to price changes of Australian broadacre farmers using a programming model. The products examined were beef, sheep meat, wool and cereals. Medium-term own-price and cross-price elasticities were estimated from a designed experiment with the model. These elasticities are presented and discussed in the context of estimates from other studies.
Consumer Preferences For Loin and Topside Steaks From Beef Carcasses of Different Classification Criteria
Creators: name: Kingston, O.L.
name: Kingston, O.L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Considerable resources in the beef industry have recently been devoted to the establishment of a system of product description. A prerequisite for the success of any such system is the objective determination of consumer preferences. The trial outlined in this paper was aimed at determining consumer preferences for beefloin and topside steaks, based on selected carcass classification criteria. It was found that consumers preferred lean steaks from young, electrically stimulated carcasses.