cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody, bamlanivimab, minimally impacts the endogenous immune response to COVID-19 vaccination
Creators: name: Crisp, Melissa
name: Kallewaard, Nicole L.
name: Beasley, Stephanie
name: Daniels, Montanea
name: Freitas, Joshua J.
name: Benschop, Robert J.
name: Vaillancourt, Peter
name: Cohen, Myron S.
name: Higgs, Richard E.
name: Marovich, Mary
name: Haustrup, Natalie
name: Nirula, Ajay
name: Zhang, Lin
name: Trinh, Thi Ngoc Vy
name: Poorbaugh, Josh
name: Tuttle, Jay L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic evolves and vaccine rollout progresses, the availability and demand for monoclonal antibodies for the prevention and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are also accelerating. This longitudinal serological study evaluated the magnitude and potency of the endogenous antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination in participants who first received a COVID-19 monoclonal antibody in a prevention study. Over the course of six months, serum samples were collected from a population of nursing home residents and staff enrolled in a clinical trial who were randomized to either bamlanivimab treatment or placebo. In an unplanned component of this trial, a subset of these participants was subsequently fully vaccinated with two doses of either SpikeVax (Moderna) or Comirnaty (BioNTech/Pfizer) COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. This post-hoc analysis assessed the immune response to vaccination for 135 participants without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antibody titers and potency were assessed using three assays against SARS-CoV-2 proteins that bamlanivimab does not efficiently bind to, thereby reflecting the endogenous antibody response. All bamlanivimab and placebo recipients mounted a robust immune response to full COVID-19 vaccination, irrespective of age, risk-category, and vaccine type with any observed differences of uncertain clinical importance. These findings are pertinent for informing public health policy with results that suggest that the benefit of receiving COVID-19 vaccination at the earliest opportunity outweighs the minimal effect on the endogenous immune response due to prior prophylactic COVID-19 monoclonal antibody infusion.
Dark matter in the Reticulum II dSph: a radio search
Creators: name: Regis, Marco
name: Richter, Laura
name: Colafrancesco, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a deep radio search in the Reticulum II dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy performed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Observations were conducted at 16 cm wavelength, with an rms sensitivity of 0.01 mJy/beam, and with the goal of searching for synchrotron emission induced by annihilation or decay of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Data were complemented with observations on large angular scales taken with the KAT-7 telescope. We find no evidence for a diffuse emission from the dSph and we derive competitive bounds on the WIMP properties. In addition, we detect more than 200 new background radio sources. Among them, we show there are two compelling candidates for being the radio counterpart of the possible gamma-ray emission reported by other groups using Fermi-LAT data.
description: 24 pages, 13 figure panels, 2 tables. v2 to match published version
Nutritional Quality of Pre-Packaged Foods in China under Various Nutrient Profile Models
Creators: name: Pettigrew, Simone
name: Du, Wenwen
name: Wang, Huijun
name: Zhang, Jiguo
name: Coyle, Daisy H.
name: Li, Yuan
name: Ding, Jingmin
name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Zhang, Puhong
name: Dong, Le
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: This study used various nutrient profile models (NPMs) to evaluate the nutritional quality of pre-packaged foods in China to inform future food policy development. Nutrition data for pre-packaged foods were collected through FoodSwitch China in 2017–2020. The analyses included 73,885 pre-packaged foods, including 8236 beverages and 65,649 foods. Processed foods (PFs) and ultra-processed foods (UPFs) accounted for 8222 (11.4%) and 47,003 (63.6%) of all products, respectively. Among the 55,425 PFs and UPFs, the overall proportion of products with an excessive quantity of at least one negative nutrient was 86.0% according to the Chilean NPM (2019), 83.3% for the Pan American Health Organization NPM (PAHO NPM), and 90.6% for the Western Pacific Region NPM for protecting children from food marketing (WPHO NPM), respectively. In all NPMs, 70.4% of PFs and UPFs were identified as containing an excessive quantity of at least one negative nutrient, with higher proportions of UPFs compared to PFs. Food groups exceeding nutrient thresholds in most NPMs included snack foods, meat and meat products, bread and bakery products, non-alcoholic beverages, confectionery, and convenience foods. In conclusion, PFs and UPFs accounted for three-fourths of pre-packaged foods in China, and the majority of PFs and UPFs exceeded the threshold for at least one negative nutrient under all three NPMs. Given the need to prevent obesity and other diet-related chronic diseases, efforts are warranted to improve the healthiness of foods in China through evidence-based food policy.
Boson sampling with Gaussian measurements
Creators: name: Chakhmakhchyan, Levon
name: Cerf, Nicolas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an alternative boson sampling model operating on single-photon states followed by linear interferometry and Gaussian measurements. The hardness proof for simulating such continuous-variable measurements is established in two main steps, making use of the symmetry of quantum evolution under time reversal. Namely, we first construct a twofold version of scattershot boson sampling in which, as opposed to the original proposal, both legs of a collection of two-mode squeezed vacuum states undergo parallel linear-optical transformations. This twofold scattershot model yields, as a corollary, an instance of boson sampling from Gaussian states where photon counting is hard to simulate. Then, a time-reversed setup is used to exhibit a boson sampling model in which the simulation of Gaussian measurements -- namely the outcome of eight-port homodyne detection -- is proven to be computationally hard. These results illustrate how the symmetry of quantum evolution under time reversal may serve as a tool for analyzing the computational complexity of novel physically-motivated computational problems.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. Updated version for publication
Wilsonian renormalisation of CFT correlation functions: Field theory
Creators: name: Lizana, J. M.
name: Perez-Victoria, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the precise connection between the exact renormalisation group with local couplings and the renormalisation of correlation functions of composite operators in scale-invariant theories. A geometric description of theory space allows us to select convenient non-linear parametrisations that serve different purposes. First, we identify normal parameters in which the renormalisation group flows take their simplest form; normal correlators are defined by functional differentiation with respect to these parameters. The renormalised correlation functions are given by the continuum limit of correlators associated to a cutoff-dependent parametrisation, which can be related to the renormalisation group flows. The necessary linear and non-linear counterterms in any arbitrary parametrisation arise in a natural way from a change of coordinates. We show that, in a class of minimal subtraction schemes, the renormalised correlators are exactly equal to normal correlators evaluated at a finite cutoff. To illustrate the formalism and the main results, we compare standard diagrammatic calculations in a scalar free-field theory with the structure of the perturbative solutions to the Polchinski equation close to the Gaussian fixed point.
description: 40 pages, 2 figures. Minor changes and references added. Matches JHEP version
Existence of a continental-scale river system in eastern Tibet during the late Cretaceous–early Palaeogene
Creators: name: Zhao, X.
name: Wang, P.
name: Liu, K.
name: Pang, J.
name: Li, Y.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Zhang, H.
name: Kirby, E.
name: Xiong, J.
name: Hetzel, R.
name: Li, X.
name: Ma, P.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Duvall, A.R.
name: Whipple, K.X.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Zhang, P.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2021

description: The establishment of continental-scale drainage systems on Earth is largely controlled by topography related to plate boundary deformation and buoyant mantle. Drainage patterns of the great rivers in Asia are thought to be highly dynamic during the Cenozoic collision of India and Eurasia, but the drainage pattern and landscape evolution prior to the development of high topography in eastern Tibet remain largely unknown. Here we report the results of petro-stratigraphy, heavy-mineral analysis, and detrital zircon U-Pb dating from late Cretaceous–early Palaeogene sedimentary basin strata along the present-day eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Similarities in the provenance signatures among basins indicate that a continental-scale fluvial system once drained southward into the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. These results challenge existing models of drainage networks that flowed toward the East Asian marginal seas and require revisions to inference of palaeo-topography during the Late Cretaceous. The presence of a continent-scale river may have provided a stable long-term base level which, in turn, facilitated the development of an extensive low-relief landscape that is preserved atop interfluves above the deeply incised canyons of eastern Tibet.
One side continuity of meromorphic mappings between real analytic hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Ivashkovich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that a meromorphic mapping, which sends a peace of a real analytic strictly pseudoconvex hypersurface in $\cc^2$ to a compact subset of $\cc^N$ which doesn't contain germs of non-constant complex curves is continuous from the concave side of the hypersurface. This implies the analytic continuability along CR-paths of germs of holomorphic mappings from real analytic hypersurfaces with non-vanishing Levi form to the locally spherical ones in all dimensions.
description: 1 figure
Late miocene-pliocene range growth in the interior of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Creators: name: Kirby, E.
name: Craddock, W.
name: Zhang, H.
Publisher: name: Geological Society of America
Year: 2011

description: The time-space patterns of deformation throughout the Indo-Asian collision zone can place constraints on the processes responsible for the development of high topography. Although most agree that high topography associated with the Tibetan Plateau expanded throughout the Cenozoic, it is increasingly being recognized that portions of the present-day plateau experienced a protracted history of deformation starting before or shortly after collision. Deciphering the history of deformation in these regions is central to understanding the dynamics of plateau formation. Here, we report new constraints on the timing of shortening along the southern margin of the Gonghe Basin complex, a broad Tertiary-Quaternary depocenter within the interior region of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Deformation of basin strata, lithostratigraphic patterns, and changes in paleocurrents record the growth of structures along the southern margin of the basin. A novel combination of magnetostratigraphy and cosmogenic burial ages from fluvial deposits provides a chronology that suggests that sediment accumulation initiated at ca. 20 Ma and that indicates the basin-bounding structures became active during the late Miocene, between ca. 10 and 7 Ma. The probable onset of basin development in the early Miocene is similar to other regions of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and it appears to herald the onset of widespread contractional deformation in the region. Moreover, late Miocene activity on thrusts bounding the southern margin of Gonghe Basin was broadly synchronous with the rise of mountain ranges elsewhere along the periphery of the plateau, suggesting a coordinated pulse of growth of high topography during this time.
Biosynthetic gene clusters involved in the virulence of Parastagonopora nodorum
Creators: name: Choupannejad, Roya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Talk presented at the "Mycobiomics SIG Meeting" of the 16th European Conference on Fungal Genetics (ECFG), Innsbruck, Austria, 5-8 March 2023
Classical simulation of quantum circuits by dynamical localization: analytic results for Pauli-observable scrambling in time-dependent disorder
Creators: name: Chapman, Adrian
name: Miyake, Akimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the concept of Anderson localization, the confinement of quantum information in a spatially irregular potential, to quantum circuits. Considering matchgate circuits, generated by time-dependent spin-1/2 XY Hamiltonians, we give an analytic formula for the out-of-time-ordered correlator of a local observable, and show that it can be efficiently evaluated by a classical computer even when the explicit Heisenberg time evolution cannot. Because this quantity bounds the average error incurred by truncating the evolution to a spatially limited region, we demonstrate dynamical localization as a means for classically simulating quantum computation and give examples of localized phases under certain spatio-temporal disordered Hamiltonians.
description: Major revision, including improvement of presentation and simplification of Theorem 1; results unchanged. Main text: 5 pages (including references), 2 figures, 1 table. Supplementary material: 12 pages, 1 figure
Prevalence and risk factors of delirium in patients admitted to intensive care units: A multicentric cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Saqib, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Delirium is a common and serious complication among critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in 8 intensive care units all across Pakistan. Delirium was assessed using the intensive care delirium screening checklist. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of delirium. A total of 256 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 56 years. The prevalence of delirium was 39.0%, and the incidence did not vary significantly among the participating intensive care units. Advanced age, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation -IV scores, and higher Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale scores at enrollment were identified as significant predictors of delirium. However, biological sex and blood transfusion status were not found to be independent predictors of delirium. We identified advanced age, Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale at enrollment, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation scores as significant predictors of delirium, while biological sex and blood transfusion status did not independently contribute to delirium development. The high prevalence of delirium, observed at 39.0%, emphasizes the importance of proactive screening and effective management strategies in the ICU setting. Healthcare providers in Pakistan should be mindful of these risk factors and implement preventive measures to minimize the occurrence of delirium in critically ill patients. Further research and implementation of targeted interventions are warranted to improve patient outcomes and enhance the overall quality of care in this population.
Bi-stability resistant to fluctuations
Creators: name: Caruel, Matthieu
name: Truskinovsky, Lev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a simple micro-mechanical device that does not lose its snap-through behavior in an environment dominated by fluctuations. The main idea is to have several degrees of freedom that can cooperatively resist the de-synchronizing effect of random perturbations. As an inspiration we use the power stroke machinery of skeletal muscles, which ensures at sub-micron scales and finite temperatures a swift recovery of an abruptly applied slack. In addition to hypersensitive response at finite temperatures, our prototypical Brownian snap spring also exhibits criticality at special values of parameters which is another potentially interesting property for micro-scale engineering applications.
Revising Clonostachys and allied genera in Bionectriaceae
Creators: name: Zhao, Lin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Talk presented at the "Trichoderma & Clonostachys Satellite Workshop" of the 16th European Conference on Fungal Genetics (ECFG), Innsbruck, Austria, 5-8 March 2023
Photographic Jordanian Food Atlas
Creators: name: AlHalaika, Dima
name: Al-Shami, Islam
name: Hourani, Huda M Al
name: Buthaina Alkhatib
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nutrition
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Food Science

description: A photographic manual determining food serving size for Jordanian dishes and food items
On the use of tracer particles in simulations of binary neutron stars
Creators: name: Bovard, Luke
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In grid-based codes that provide the combined solution of the Einstein equations and of relativistic hydrodynamics, the history of the fluid is not simple to track, especially when compared with particle-based codes. The use of tracers, namely massless particles that are advected with the flow, represents a simple and effective way to solve this problem. Yet, the use of tracers in numerical relativity is far from being settled and several issues, such as the impact of different placements in time and space of the tracers, or the relation between the placement and the description of the underlying fluid, have not yet been addressed. In this paper we present the first detailed discussion of the use tracers in numerical-relativity simulations focussing on both unbound material -- such as the one leading to r-process nucleosynthesis in binary mergers of neutron stars -- and on bound material -- such as the one in the core of the object produced from the merger of two neutron stars. In particular, when interested in unbound matter, we have evaluated four different placement schemes that could be used to initially distribute the tracers and how well their predictions match those obtained when using information from the actual fluid flow. Countering our naive expectations, we found that the most effective method does not rely on the rest-mass density distribution nor on the fluid that is unbound, but simply distributes tracers uniformly in rest-mass density. This prescription leads to the closest matching with the information obtained from the hydrodynamical solution. When considering bound matter, we demonstrate that tracers can provide insight into the fine details of the fluid motion as they can be used to track the evolution of fluid elements or to calculate the variation of quantities that are conserved along streamlines of adiabatic flows.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures, matches version accepted to CQG
Potent and Broad Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOCs) including Omicron Sub-lineages BA.1 and BA.2 by Biparatopic Human VH Domains
Creators: name: Kim, Andrew
name: Schäfer, Alexandra
name: Marti, Michelle M.
name: Jacobs, Jana L.
name: Li, Wei
name: McCormick, Kevin D.
name: Dimitrov, Dimiter S.
name: Saville, James W.
name: Enick, Nathan
name: Mellors, John W.
name: Martinez, David R.
name: Da Silva Castanha, Priscila Mayrelle
name: Sun, Zehua
name: Mannar, Dhiraj
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Adams, Cynthia
name: Cheng, Mary Hongying
name: Sobolewski, Michele D.
name: Chen, Chuan
name: Liu, Xianglei
name: Chen, Weizao
name: Banerjee, Anupam
name: Bahar, Ivet
name: Berezuk, Alison M.
name: Barratt-Boyes, Simon M.
name: Treat, Benjamin R.
name: Subramaniam, Sriram
name: Zhu, Xing
name: Hines, Margaret Grace
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) requires the development of next-generation biologics with high neutralization breadth. Here, we characterized a human VH domain, F6, which we generated by sequentially panning large phage displayed VH libraries against receptor binding domains (RBDs) containing VOC mutations. Cryo-EM analyses reveal that F6 has a unique binding mode that spans a broad surface of the RBD and involves the antibody framework region. Attachment of a Fc region to a fusion of F6 and ab8, a previously characterized VH domain, resulted in a construct (F6-ab8-Fc) that broadly and potently neutralized VOCs including Omicron. Additionally, prophylactic treatment using F6-ab8-Fc reduced live Beta (B.1.351) variant viral titers in the lungs of a mouse model. Our results provide a new potential therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron and highlight a vulnerable epitope within the spike that may be exploited to achieve broad protection against circulating variants.
Computing with a single qubit faster than the computation quantum speed limit
Creators: name: Sinitsyn, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility to save and process information in fundamentally indistinguishable states is the quantum mechanical resource that is not encountered in classical computing. I demonstrate that, if energy constraints are imposed, this resource can be used to accelerate information-processing without relying on entanglement or any other type of quantum correlations. In fact, there are computational problems that can be solved much faster, in comparison to currently used classical schemes, by saving intermediate information in nonorthogonal states of just a single qubit. There are also error correction strategies that protect such computations.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Energy Distribution in Intrinsically Coupled Systems: The Spring Pendulum Paradigm
Creators: name: de Sousa, M. C.
name: Marcus, F. A.
name: Caldas, I. L.
name: Viana, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intrinsically nonlinear coupled systems present different oscillating components that exchange energy among themselves. We present a new approach to deal with such energy exchanges and to investigate how it depends on the system control parameters. The method consists in writing the total energy of the system, and properly identifying the energy terms for each component and, especially, their coupling. To illustrate the proposed approach, we work with the bi-dimensional spring pendulum, which is a paradigm to study nonlinear coupled systems, and is used as a model for several systems. For the spring pendulum, we identify three energy components, resembling the spring and pendulum like motions, and the coupling between them. With these analytical expressions, we analyze the energy exchange for individual trajectories, and we also obtain global characteristics of the spring pendulum energy distribution by calculating spatial and time average energy components for a great number of trajectories (periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic) throughout the phase space. Considering an energy term due to the nonlinear coupling, we identify regions in the parameter space that correspond to strong and weak coupling. The presented procedure can be applied to nonlinear coupled systems to reveal how the coupling mediates internal energy exchanges, and how the energy distribution varies according to the system parameters.
description: Submitted for publication
Effect of the gut microbiota on simulated spaceflight-induced cardiac remodeling
Creators: name: 子中 刘
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Raw sequence reads
Metagenome
Metagenomic assembly
Metabolome
Monoisolate
Medical

description: The effect of gut microbiota on simulated spaceflight induced cardiac remodeling
Gauging spatial symmetries and the classification of topological crystalline phases
Creators: name: Thorngren, Ryan
name: Else, Dominic V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We put the theory of interacting topological crystalline phases on a systematic footing. These are topological phases protected by space-group symmetries. Our central tool is an elucidation of what it means to "gauge" such symmetries. We introduce the notion of a "crystalline topological liquid", and argue that most (and perhaps all) phases of interest are likely to satisfy this criterion. We prove a Crystalline Equivalence Principle, which states that in Euclidean space, crystalline topological liquids with symmetry group $G$ are in one-to-one correspondence with topological phases protected by the same symmetry $G$, but acting *internally*, where if an element of $G$ is orientation-reversing, it is realized as an anti-unitary symmetry in the internal symmetry group. As an example, we explicitly compute, using group cohomology, a partial classification of bosonic symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases protected by crystalline symmetries in (3+1)-D for 227 of the 230 space groups. For the 65 space groups not containing orientation-reversing elements (Sohncke groups), there are no cobordism invariants which may contribute phases beyond group cohomology, and so we conjecture our classification is complete.
description: v6 Substantially revised version, with a focus on clarity of arguments and transparency of assumptions. 27 pages + 10 pages of appendices
Physical Origins of Gas Motions in Galaxy Cluster Cores: Interpreting Hitomi Observations of the Perseus Cluster
Creators: name: Lau, Erwin T.
name: Gaspari, Massimo
name: Nagai, Daisuke
name: Coppi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hitomi X-ray satellite has provided the first direct measurements of the plasma velocity dispersion in a galaxy cluster. It finds a relatively "quiescent" gas with a line-of-sight velocity dispersion ~ 160 km/s, at 30 kpc to 60 kpc from the cluster center. This is surprising given the presence of jets and X-ray cavities that indicates on-going activity and feedback from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) at the cluster center. Using a set of mock Hitomi observations generated from a suite of state-of-the-art cosmological cluster simulations, and an isolated but higher resolution simulation of gas physics in the cluster core, including the effects of cooling and AGN feedback, we examine the likelihood of Hitomi detecting a cluster with the observed velocities. As long as the Perseus has not experienced a major merger in the last few gigayears, and AGN feedback is operating in a "gentle" mode, we reproduce the level of gas motions observed by Hitomi. The frequent mechanical AGN feedback generates net line-of-sight velocity dispersions ~100-200 km/s, bracketing the values measured in the Perseus core. The large-scale velocity shear observed across the core, on the other hand, is generated mainly by cosmic accretion such as mergers. We discuss the implications of these results for AGN feedback physics and cluster cosmology and progress that needs to be made in both simulations and observations, including a Hitomi re-flight and calorimeter-based instruments with higher spatial resolution.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ; updated with minor changes to match the accepted version
Modelling of Lyman-alpha Emitting Galaxies and Ionized Bubbles at the Era of Reionization
Creators: name: Yajima, Hidenobu
name: Sugimura, Kazuyuki
name: Hasegawa, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding Ly$α$ emitting galaxies (LAEs) can be a key to reveal cosmic reionization and galaxy formation in the early Universe. Based on halo merger trees and Ly$α$ radiation transfer calculations, we model redshift evolution of LAEs and their observational properties at $z \ge 6$. We consider ionized bubbles associated with individual LAEs and IGM transmission of Ly$α$ photons. We find that Ly$α$ luminosity tightly correlates with halo mass and stellar mass, while the relation with star formation rate has a large dispersion. Comparing our models with the observed luminosity function by Konno et al., we suggest that LAEs at $z \sim 7$ have galactic wind of $V_{\rm out} \gtrsim 100~\rm km\, s^{-1}$ and HI column density of $N_{\rm HI} \gtrsim 10^{20}~\rm cm^{-2}$. Number density of bright LAEs rapidly decreases as redshift increases, due to both lower star formation rate and smaller HII bubbles. Our model predicts future wide deep surveys with next generation telescopes, such as JWST, E-ELT and TMT, can detect LAEs at $z \sim 10$ with a number density of $n_{\rm LAE} \sim {\rm a~few~} \times10^{-6} ~\rm Mpc^{-3}$ for the flux sensitivity of $10^{-18} ~\rm erg\, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}$. By combining these surveys with future 21-cm observations, it could be possible to detect both LAEs with $L_{Lyα} \gtrsim 10^{42}~\rm erg~s^{-1}$ and their associated giant HII bubbles with the size $\gtrsim 250 ~\rm kpc$ at $z \sim 10$.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRAS
The generalized Milne problem in gas-dusty atmosphere
Creators: name: Silant'ev, N. A.
name: Alekseeva, G. A.
name: Novikov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the generalized Milne problem in non-conservative plane-parallel optically thick atmosphere consisting of two components - the free electrons and small dust particles. Recall, that the traditional Milne problem describes the propagation of radiation through the conservative (without absorption) optically thick atmosphere when the source of thermal radiation located far below the surface. In such case, the flux of propagating light is the same at every distance in an atmosphere. In the generalized Milne problem, the flux changes inside the atmosphere. The solutions of the both Milne problems give the angular distribution and polarization degree of emerging radiation. The considered problem depends on two dimensionless parameters W and (a+b), which depend on three parameters: $η$ - the ratio of optical depth due to free electrons to optical depth due to small dust grains; the absorption factor $\varepsilon$ of dust grains and two coefficients - $\bar b_1$ and $\bar b_2$, describing the averaged anisotropic dust grains. These coefficients obey the relation $\bar b_1+3\bar b_2=1$. The goal of the paper is to study the dependence of the radiation angular distribution and degree of polarization of emerging light on these parameters. Here we consider only continuum radiation.
description: 10 pages, 6 Tables, 5 figures. Has gone into production by Astrophysics and Space Science
Brouwer and Cardinalities
Creators: name: Hart, Klaas Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03F55 (Primary), 03E10, 03E50 (Secondary)

description: This paper discusses a paper by L. E. J. Brouwer on possible cardinalities of subsets of the continuum.
description: Version 3 of 2017-07-06, changes made after further refereeing
Positive Hamiltonians can give purely exponential decay
Creators: name: Burgarth, Daniel
name: Facchi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is commonly claimed that only Hamiltonians with a spectrum unbounded both above and below can give purely exponential decay. Because such Hamiltonians have no ground state, they are considered unphysical. Here we show that Hamiltonians which are bounded below can give purely exponential decay. This is possible when, instead of looking at the global survival probability, one considers a subsystem only. We conclude that purely exponential decay might not be as unphysical as previously thought.
description: 4 pages
Clonal dynamics and stereo-seq resolve origin and phenotypic plasticity of adenosquamous carcinoma
Creators: name: 滕飞(TengFei)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Monoisolate
Medical

description: The genomic origin and development of the biphasic lung adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) remain inconclusive. Here, we derived potential evolutionary trajectory of ASC through whole-exome sequencing, stereo-seq, and patient-derived xenografts. We showed that EGFR and MET activating mutations were the main drivers in ASCs. Phylogenetically, these drivers and passenger mutations found in both components were trunk clonal events, confirming monoclonal origination. Comparison of multiple lesions also revealed closer genomic distance between lymph node metastases and the ASC component with same phenotype. However, as mutational signatures of EGFR-positive lung squamous carcinomas (LUSCs) were more comparable to EGFR-positive ASCs than to wild-type LUSCs, we postulated different origination of these LUSCs, with ASC being the potential intermediate state of driver-positive LUSCs. Spatial transcriptomic profiling inferred transformation from adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma, which was then histologically captured in vivo. Together, our results explained the development of ASC and provided insights into future clinical decisions
Unia Europejska wobec konfliktów i przemian społeczno-politycznych w regionie MENA w XX i XXI wieku
Creators: name: Piwowarska, Sara
Publisher: name: Świat Idei i Polityki
Year: 2022

description: Kraje Bliskiego Wchodu i Afryki Północnej stanowią jeden z głównych obszarów zainteresowań Unii Europejskiej, a głównymi determinantami wzajemnych stosunków są przede wszystkim ekonomia oraz polityka bezpieczeństwa. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie, jak kształtuje się stanowisko Unii Europejskiej wobec głównych wyzwań i zagrożeń w tym regionie w drugiej połowie XX w. i w XXI w., do których należy obecnie zaliczyć przede wszystkim konfl ikt izraelsko-arabski, kwestię palestyńską oraz wydarzenia tzw. Arabskiej Wiosny, jak również eskalację konfl iktu w Syrii oraz problem terroryzmu międzynarodowego.
description: Świat Idei i Polityki, Tom 17 (2018): Świat Idei i Polityki
Primary or secondary? A dichotomy of the strontium isotope anomalies in the Ediacaran carbonates of Saudi Arabia
Creators: name:  Al Qubsani, A.
name:  Liu, X.-M.
name:  Rich, T.H.
name:  Goderis, S.
name:  Vickers-Rich, P.
name:  Kaufman, A.J.
name:  Kattan, F.H.
name:  Yazedi, A.
name:  Smith, J.
name:  Johnson, P.
name:  Yu. Ivantsov, A.
name: Cui, H.
name:  Zou, H.
name:  Trusler, P.
name:  Claeys, P.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2020

description: Secular variation of 87Sr/86Sr in carbonate strata has been widely used in regional and global chemostratigraphic correlations. Typically, diagenesis results in higher 87Sr/86Sr signals relative to their primary composition due to the alteration by Rb-rich fluids and radiogenic decay of 87Rb to 87Sr. Surprisingly, 87Sr/86Sr values in the Ediacaran limestones from Saudi Arabia (from 0.7029 to 0.7059) are significantly lower than typical Ediacaran seawater values (mostly from 0.7080 to 0.7090) based on a global compilation. Understanding the origin of these anomalies is important insofar as early macrofossils are preserved in these strata. Two hypotheses have been independently evaluated in this study. The first hypothesis shows a low temperature scenario with isolated oceans or lakes in proximity to a mafic source. The second hypothesis is characterized by a high temperature scenario with profound overprints by juvenile hydrothermal fluids. Integrated Sr and Nd isotope data reveal that the 87Sr/86Sr anomalies are closely coupled with positive εNd(t = 560 Ma) values (up to +4.1). Clear covariations between 87Sr/86Sr, εNd, TOC, δ13Ccarb, δ13Corg, and δ18Ocarb were found. Based on multiple lines of petrographic, field, and geochemical evidence, the second hypothesis (i.e., hydrothermal alteration by juvenile fluids) is preferred in this study. Thermogenic breakdown of organic matter in host sediments may have caused the increasingly low TOC abundance and high δ13Corg signals of the residual organic matter. We argue that the concept that the Ediacaran biotic radiation took place in an isolated lake environment should be treated with caution. These remarkably low 87Sr/86Sr signals have neither temporal nor biogeochemical significance. Sr isotope chemostratigraphy in this particular region may not be a reliable tool for stratigraphic correlations.
Predicting the Presence of Companions for Stripped-Envelope Supernovae: The Case of the Broad-Lined Type Ic SN 2002ap
Creators: name: Zapartas, E.
name: de Mink, S. E.
name: Van Dyk, S. D.
name: Fox, O. D.
name: Smith, N.
name: Bostroem, K. A.
name: de Koter, A.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Izzard, R. G.
name: Kelly, P. L.
name: Neijssel, C. J.
name: Renzo, M.
name: Ryder, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many young, massive stars are found in close binaries. Using population synthesis simulations we predict the likelihood of a companion star being present when these massive stars end their lives as core-collapse supernovae (SNe). We focus on stripped-envelope SNe, whose progenitors have lost their outer hydrogen and possibly helium layers before explosion. We use these results to interpret new Hubble Space Telescope observations of the site of the broad-lined Type Ic SN 2002ap, 14 years post-explosion. For a subsolar metallicity consistent with SN 2002ap, we expect a main-sequence companion present in about two thirds of all stripped-envelope SNe and a compact companion (likely a stripped helium star or a white dwarf/neutron star/black hole) in about 5% of cases. About a quarter of progenitors are single at explosion (originating from initially single stars, mergers or disrupted systems). All the latter scenarios require a massive progenitor, inconsistent with earlier studies of SN 2002ap. Our new, deeper upper limits exclude the presence of a main-sequence companion star $>8$-$10$ Msun, ruling out about 40% of all stripped-envelope SN channels. The most likely scenario for SN 2002ap includes nonconservative binary interaction of a primary star initially $\lesssim 23$ Msun. Although unlikely ($
description: Published in ApJ. 24 pages, 8 figures
Echoes of the glass transition in athermal soft spheres
Creators: name: Morse, Peter
name: Corwin, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent theoretical advances have led to the creation of a unified phase diagram for the thermal glass and athermal jamming transitions. This diagram makes clear that, while related, the mode-coupling---or dynamic---glass transition is distinct from the jamming transition, occurring at a finite temperature and significantly lower density than the jamming transition. Nonetheless, we demonstrate a pre-jamming transition in athermal frictionless spheres which occurs at the same density as the mode-coupling transition and is marked by percolating clusters of locally rigid particles. At this density in both the thermal and athermal systems, individual motions of an extensive number of particles become constrained, such that only collective motion is possible. This transition, which is well below jamming, exactly matches the definition of collective behavior at the dynamical transition of glasses. Thus, we reveal that the genesis of rigidity in both thermal and athermal systems is governed by the same underlying topological transition in their shared configuration space.
Noncommutative resolutions of discriminants
Creators: name: Buchweitz, Ragnar-Olaf
name: Faber, Eleonore
name: Ingalls, Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give an introduction to the McKay correspondence and its connection to quotients of $\mathbb{C}^n$ by finite reflection groups. This yields a natural construction of noncommutative resolutions of the discriminants of these reflection groups. This paper is an extended version of E.F.'s talk with the same title delivered at the ICRA.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures. Final version to appear in Contemporary Mathematics 705, "Representations of Algebras"
Constraining sleptons at the LHC in a supersymmetric low-scale seesaw scenario
Creators: name: Cerna-Velazco, Nhell
name: Faber, Thomas
name: Jones-Perez, Joel
name: Porod, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a scenario inspired by natural supersymmetry, where neutrino data is explained within a low-scale seesaw scenario. We extend the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model by adding light right-handed neutrinos and their superpartners, the R-sneutrinos, and consider the lightest neutralinos to be higgsino-like. We consider the possibilities of having either an R-sneutrino or a higgsino as lightest supersymmetric particle. Assuming that squarks and gauginos are heavy, we systematically evaluate the bounds on slepton masses due to existing LHC data.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures, 2 appendices; v2: Minor changes, version accepted for publication in EPJC
Petrology, petrogenesis, and geochronology review of the Cenozoic adakitic rocks of northeast Iran: Implications for evolution of the northern branch of Neo-Tethys
Creators: name: Mills, R.D.
name: Sadeghian, M.
name: Wanhainen, C.
name: Lentz, D.R.
name: Yousefi, F.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2021

description: Cenozoic adakitic rocks of the northern part of the Central Iran Structural Zone (CISZ) are among the notable geological features of the terrains in northeast Iran, so a comprehensive comparison of several of these adakitic sequences is presented. This lithogeochemical analysis is constrained to examining adakitic magmatism of the three magmatic belts within the CISZ, which from southeast to northeast and from oldest to youngest are as follows: (a) south of Shahrood-Damghan, (b) north-northwest of Sabzevar-Neyshabour, and (c) south of Qouchan and west of Esfarayen. Radiogenic isotope analysis using Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd methods show that the adakitic rocks associated with Qouchan-Esfarayen magmatism have 0.512581 to 0.51288 initial 143Nd/144Nd and 0.703903 to 0.705627 initial 87Sr/86Sr, with εNd −0.86 to 4.98. Adakitic rocks in south to southeast Shahrood have 0.512775 to 0.512893 initial 143Nd/144Nd and 0.703746 to 0.705314 initial 87Sr/88Sr, with εNd 3.69 to 6.0, and adakites emplaced into the Sabzevar ophiolite have 0.512846 to 0.512911 initial 143Nd/144Nd and 0.70379 to 0.705019 initial 87Sr/86Sr contents with εNd of 5.26 to 6.54. Isotopic initial ratios of Nd and Sr support an origin involving partial melting of the subducting oceanic lithosphere of the northern branch of Neo-Tethys and the associated suprasubduction mantle wedge in producing these adakitic rocks.
Volatiles in lunar felsite clasts: Impact-related delivery of hydrous material to an ancient dry lunar crust
Creators: name: Rahman, Z.
name: Mouser, M.D.
name: Ross, D.K.
name: Alexander, C.M.O.D.
name: Christoffersen, R.
name: Wang, J.
name: Simon, J.I.
name: Mills, R.D.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2020

description: In this detailed geochemical, petrological, and microstructural study of felsite clast materials contained in Apollo breccia samples 12013, 14321, and 15405, little evidence was found for relatively enriched reservoirs of endogenic lunar volatiles. NanoSIMS measurements have revealed very low volatile abundances (≤2–18 ppm hydrogen) in nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMS) plagioclase, potassic alkali feldspar, and SiO2 that make up a majority of these felsic lithologies. Yet these mineral assemblages and clast geochemistries on Earth would normally yield relatively high volatiles contents in their NAMS (∼20 to ≥80 ppm hydrogen). This difference is particularly notable in felsite 14321,1062 that exhibits extremely low volatile abundances (≤2 ppm hydrogen) and a relatively low amount of microstructural evidence for shock metamorphism given that it is a clast of the most evolved (∼74 wt.% SiO2) rock-type returned from the Moon. If taken at face value, ‘wet’ felsic magmas (∼1.2–1.7 wt.% water) are implied by the relatively high hydrogen contents of feldspar in felsite clasts in Apollo samples 12013 and 15405, but these results are likely misleading. These felsic clasts have microstructural features indicative of significantly higher shock stress than 14321,1062. These crustal lithologies likely obtained no more water from the lunar interior than the magma body producing 14321,1062. Rather, we suggest hydrogen was enriched in samples 12013 and 15405 by impact induced exchange, and/or partial assimilation of volatiles added to the surface of the Moon by a hydrated impactor (asteroid or comet) or the solar wind. Thus, the best estimate for magmatic water contents of felsic lunar magmas comes from 14321,1062 that leads to a calculated magmatic water content of ≤0.2 wt.%. This dry felsic magma has a slightly greater, but comparable water content to the ancient mafic magmas implied by the other lithologies that we have studied. Based on this and expanding evidence for a significantly dry ancient or early degassed Moon it is likely that some recent estimates (100's ppm) of the water abundances in the lunar parental magma ocean have been overestimated.