cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Outcomes of arteriovenous access among cancer patients requiring chronic haemodialysis
Creators: name: Seonjeong Jeong
name: Hyunwook Kwon
name: Chang, Jai Won
name: Youngjin Han
name: Kwon, Tae-Won
name: Cho, Yong-Pil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Cancer stages among the study patients. This table contains categorization of the study patients as having either early- or advanced-stage cancer. Table S2. Cancer treatments among the study patients. This table contains various cancer treatment modalities according to cancer sites. Table S3. Early failure according to cancer sites. This table contains the detailed data of early failure according to cancer sites.
Improving the Proportional Scintillation Signal of Liquid Argon by Xenon Doping
Creators: name: Bernard, Ethan Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Argon has advantages over xenon in cost, kinetic matching, and ease-of-purification when used as a target for the detection of nuclear recoils from coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering (CENNS) and light WIMP dark matter. However, the detection of low-energy ionization signals in argon by the proportional scintillation signal (S2) mechanism is frustrated by the long lifetime and short wavelength of the argon proportional scintillation light. Doping the argon gas with small (tens of ppm) quantities of xenon shortens the emission lifetime and shifts the wavelength to 149 nm, which can be efficiently sensed by SiPMs. We describe a system to measure the range of mixtures that can be stably maintained and the improvements to proportional scintillation light and nuclear recoil ionization yield they provide.
 Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344
Proton Bunch Self-Modulation in Plasma with Density Gradient
Creators: name: Braunmüller, F.
name: Nechaeva, T.
name: Collboration, AWAKE
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study experimentally the effect of linear plasma density gradients on the self-modulation of a 400\,GeV proton bunch. Results show that a positive/negative gradient in/decreases the number of micro-bunches and the relative charge per micro-bunch observed after 10\,m of plasma. The measured modulation frequency also in/decreases. With the largest positive gradient we observe two frequencies in the modulation power spectrum. Results are consistent with changes in wakefields' phase velocity due to plasma density gradient adding to the slow wakefields' phase velocity during self-modulation growth predicted by linear theory.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Analysis of Close Stellar Encounters with the Solar System
Creators: name: Bobylev, V. V.
name: Bajkova, A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85

description: We consider 36 candidates for close (within 1 pc) encounters with the Solar system. These stars have been selected in accordance with the results of an analysis of their motion obtained by various authors. For most stars from this list the kinematic characteristics have been taken from the Gaia DR2 catalogue. The parameters of the encounters of these stars with the Solar system have been calculated using three methods: (1) the linear one, (2) the epicyclic one, and (3) by integrating the orbits in an axisymmetric potential. We have concluded that the epicyclic method works quite well only on a time interval no longer than $\pm$1 Myr. Based on the third method, in good agreement with the first method, for the first time we have obtained the following estimates of the encounter parameters for the star Gaia DR2 3130033734235815424: $t_{min}=-0.62\pm0.12$ Myr and $d_{min}=0.30\pm0.10$ pc.
description: 14 pages, 2 Figures, 4 Tables
Infinite number of soliton solutions to 5-dimensional vacuum Einstein equation
Creators: name: Koikawa, Takao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give an infinite number of exact solutions to the 5-dimensional static Einstein equation with axial symmetry by using the inverse scattering method. The solutions are characterized by two integers representing the soliton numbers. The first non trivial example of these solutions is the static black ring solution found recently.
description: 13 pages
3-CO Interview Series with Maarit Halttunen & Hannamaija Tuovila (VTT) on benefits of bio-based products compared to conventional fossil-based ones and the current landscape of certification and eco-labels
Creators: name: Schwarzenberger, Anke
name: Banduka, Dušica
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: bioeconomy
biobased
certification
eco-labels
consumer choices

description: The 3-CO interview series features consortium and external-advisory-board members of the 3-CO project.

This episode features project coordinators Maarit Halttunen and Hannamaija Tuovila from VTT who discuss the benefits of bio-based products compared to conventional fossil-based ones and the current landscape of certification schemes and eco-labels. 

Consumers play an essential role in the successful transition to a circular bio-based economy. To make informed and conscious buying decisions, consumers rely on labels and certification schemes (LCS).

The 3-CO project will support consumers’ purchasing decisions towards more sustainable solutions by improving the communication of LCS on a Business-to-Consumers (B2C) level. To unlock the full potential of the bioeconomy and industrial bio-based products (BBPs) 3-CO will establish a supportive framework and develop actionable guidelines for LCS owners that reflect consumers’ and other stakeholders’ needs.

Meanwhile intense consumer involvement and digital tools will demonstrate their viability.
New Method to Calculate the Sign and Relative Strength of Magnetic Interactions in Low-Dimensional Systems on the Basis of Structural Data
Creators: name: Volkova, L. M.
name: Polyshchuk, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The connection of strength of magnetic interactions and type ordering the magnetic moments with crystal chemical characteristics in low-dimensional magnets is investigated. The new method to calculate the sign and relative strength of magnetic interactions in low-dimensional systems on the basis of the structural data is proposed. This method allows to estimate magnetic interactions not only inside low-dimensional fragments but also between them, and also to predict the possibility of the occurrence of magnetic phase transitions and anomalies of the magnetic interactions. Moreover, it can be used for search of low-dimensional magnets among the compounds whose crystal structures are known. The possibilities of the method are illustrated in an example of research of magnetic interactions in familiar low-dimensional magnets SrCu2(BO3)2, CaCuGe2O6, CaV4O9, Cu2Te2O5Cl2, Cu2Te2O5Br2, BaCu2Si2O7, BaCu2Ge2O7, BaCuSi2O6, LiCu2O2, and NaCu2O2.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, published version
Pricing behavior in Philippine Corn Markets: Implications For Market Efficiency
Creators: name: Mendoz, Meyra Sebello
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Mendoz, Meyra Sebello
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Corn
subject: Prices
subject: Philippines
subject: statical methods

description: Income-led growth in demand for meat is expected to provide the major stimulus for expansion in the Philippine corn sector. Traditionally eaten as a cheaper carbohydrate substituting for rice by many Filipinos, corn is now increasingly being used to grow corn, which has displaced rice as the most important crop in terms of cultivated area. In recent years, the Philippine government had vigorously pursued a series of sectoral and economy wide policy reforms to invigorate the corn sector and support the feed requirements of the livestock industry. These reforms include more liberal foreign exchange policies, lifting of control over domestic marketing operations, deregulation of the interisland transportation system, and production- augmenting programs. A major bottleneck in development of the livestock sector is the domestic pricing and marketing of corn. In this report, Meyra Sello Mendoza and Mark W. Rosegrant examine the accuracy and timeliness of transmission of price information that is critical in the production and marketing decision making of farmers and traders, and identify possible barriers to efficient pricing and distribution of corn across regional markets in the Philippines. Establishing pertinent and enforceable corn grading and standardization, building roads and providing adequate transportation to connect rural production areas with urban and providing adequate transportation to connect rural production areas with urban consumption centers, and ensuring the transparency of prices through improved market knowledge are important policy challenges for the Philippine government to support the expected growth in the livestock sector. Motivated by the need to understand possible constraints in growth in the corn sector, the research for this study started as part of a comprehensive USAID- funded project on the Philippine corn and livestock sector undertaken by IFPRI. Conducted in collaboration with the Philippine Department of Agriculture and the University of the Philippines at Los Banos, the project covered issues pertaining to production and foreign trade, prospects for increasing meat consumption, and policy alternatives conductive to the development of the corn and livestock sectors.
The Ghost of Extinction: Preservation Values and Minimum Viable Population in Wildlife Models
Creators: name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
name: Eiswerth, Mark E.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
name: Eiswerth, Mark E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: marginal willingness to pay
subject: endangered species and extinction
subject: minimum viable population

description: The inclusion of a minimum viable population in bioeconomic modeling creates at least two complications that are not resolved by using a modified logistic growth function. The first complication can be dealt with by choosing a different depensational growth function. The second complication relates to the inclusion of the in situ benefits of wildlife into the analysis. Knowledge about the magnitude of the in situ benefits provides no guide for policy about conservation management. Simply knowing that people are willing to pay a large amount each year to protect a species says nothing about whether one should manage habitat to protect or enhance the species’ numbers, unless the species is in imminent danger of extinction. If willingness to pay is to be a guide, it needs to be better tied to population numbers, especially the minimum viable population.
The Economic Advantage: Assessing the value of climate-change actions in agriculture
Creators: name: Sonja, Vermeulen
name: Meryl, Richards
name: Alessandro, De Pinto
name: Dino, Ferrarese
name: Peter, Läderach
name: Le, Lan
name: Marty, Luckert
name: Enrico, Mazzoli
name: Laura, Plant
name: Roberto, Rinaldi
name: Jim, Stephenson
name: Paul, Watkiss
name: Sonja, Vermeulen
name: Meryl, Richards
name: Alessandro, De Pinto
name: Dino, Ferrarese
name: Peter, Läderach
name: Le, Lan
name: Marty, Luckert
name: Enrico, Mazzoli
name: Laura, Plant
name: Roberto, Rinaldi
name: Jim, Stephenson
name: Paul, Watkiss
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: climate change
subject: emissions
subject: adaptation and mitigation
subject: global temperature rise

description: This report is aimed at readers who seek to build economic evidence in support of the inclusion of actions on agriculture in climate change plans and programmes, particularly at the national level under the umbrella of nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to the December 2015 Paris Agreement, which aims to restrict a rise in global temperatures and manage risks. Agriculture is a sector especially sensitive to climate change. It also accounts for significant emissions and is, therefore, a priority for both adaptation and mitigation plans and actions at global, national and local levels.
Corruption, Development and the Curse of Natural Resources
Creators: name: Pendergast, Shannon M.
name: Clarke, Judith A.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
name: Pendergast, Shannon M.
name: Clarke, Judith A.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: natural resource curse
subject: petroleum resources
subject: unbalanced panels and GMM estimation

description: In 1995, Jeffrey Sachs and Andrew Warner found a negative relationship between natural resources and economic growth, and claimed that natural resources are a curse. Their work has been widely cited, with many economists now accepting the curse of natural resources as a welldocumented explanation of poor economic growth in some economies (e.g., Papyrakis and Gerlagh, 2004; Kronenberg, 2004). In this paper, we provide an alternative econometric framework for evaluating this claim, although we begin with a discussion of possible explanations for the curse and a critical assessment of the extant theory underlying the curse. Our approach is to identify natural resources that have the greatest rents and potential for exploitation through rent-seeking agents. The transmission mechanism that we specify works through the effect that rent seeking has on corruption and how that, in turn, impacts wellbeing. Our measure of wellbeing is the Human Development Index, although we find similar results for per capita GDP. While we find that resource abundance does not directly impact economic development, we do find that petroleum resources are associated with rent-seeking behavior that negatively affects wellbeing. Our regression results are robust to various model specifications and sensitivity analyses.
Scaling laws at the critical point
Creators: name: Davatolhagh, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are two independent critical exponents that describe the behavior of systems near their critical point. However, at the critical point only the exponent $η$, which describes the decay of the correlation function, is usually discussed. We emphasize that there is a second independent exponent $η'$ that describes the decay of the fourth-order correlation function. The exponent $η'$ is related to the exponents determining the behavior of thermodynamic functions near criticality via a fluctuation-response equation for the specific heat. We also discuss a scaling law for $η'$.
description: Revised version, 1 added figure, 3 pages, 1 table
Process of Efficiently Parallelizing a Protein Structure Determination Algorithm
Creators: name: Bryson, Michael
name: Miao, Xijiang
name: Valafar, Homayoun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Computational protein structure determination involves optimization in a problem space much too large to exhaustively search. Existing approaches include optimization algorithms such as gradient descent and simulated annealing, but these typically only find local minima. One novel approach implemented in REDcRAFT is to instead of folding a protein all at the same time, fold it residue by residue. This simulates a protein folding as each residue exits from the generating ribosome. While REDcRAFT exponentially reduces the problem space so it can be explored in polynomial time, it is still extremely computationally demanding. This algorithm does have the advantage that most of the execution time is spent in inherently parallelizable code. However, preliminary results from parallel execution indicate that approximately two-thirds of execution time is dedicated to system overhead. Additionally, by carefully analyzing and timing the structure of the program the major bottlenecks can be identified. After addressing these issues, REDcRAFT becomes a scalable parallel application with nearly two orders of magnitude improvement.
description: 7 pages published in PDPA2006
ПАЛЕОПЕДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ КУРГАНОВ ВОЙЦЕХОВСКОГО МОГИЛЬНИКА
Creators: name: Кушнир Анатолий Степанович
name: Лысенко Сергей Дмитриевич
name: Матвиишина Жанна Николаевна
Publisher: name: Материалы по археологии и истории античного и средневекового Причерноморья
Year: 2020
Subjects: Волынь
позднетрипольская культура
эпоха бронзы
тшинецкий культурный круг
комаровская культура
курганы
палеопочвы
суббореал

description: Статья посвящена анализу палеопочв Войцеховского могильника, исследованных на базе Фастовской археологической экспедиции в 2011—2012 гг. Наиболее значимые материалы дали расчистки, заложенные в курганах № 1 и 2. Курганы возведены в позднем бронзовом веке и относятся к комаровской культуре тшинецкого культурного круга (середина — третья четверть 2 тыс. до н.э.). Времени возведения курганов предшествовало трипольское поселение этапа CII (конец 4 тыс. до н.э.). В кургане № 1 (2011 г.) прослежена серая лесная почва, подобная тем, что в наше время формируются под широколиственными лесами. Условия климата были значительно лучше современных. Зональность (зона смешанных лесов) была смещена на север. Большие территории занимали грабово-буковые леса, оставались участки открытых просторов с пышной травяной растительностью. В кургане № 2 (2012 г.) современную почву можно определить как дёрново-сильноподзолистую, однако иллювиальный горизонт с культурными остатками, возможно, характеризирует условия лесного почвообразования, близкого к режиму формирования почв более теплоумеренного режима — бурых оподзоленных лесных, развивавшихся в условиях менее континентальных, но более равномерно влажного климата. Природные зоны представляли более западный вариант теплоумеренного климата (сходного с прикарпатским) и, вероятно, территория была покрыта широколиственными лесами с участками открытых пространств. Под курганом зафиксирован профиль и более древней почвы, близкой к чернозёмам оподзоленным или тёмно-серым лесным.
ПОГРЕБЕНИЯ ПРЕДСКИФСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ В КУРГАНЕ ГРУППЫ «ПЛАВНИ» НА НИЖНЕМ ДНЕСТРЕ
Creators: name: Синика Виталий Степанович
name: Разумов Сергей Николаевич
name: Горболь Николай Юрьевич
name: Лысенко Светлана Станиславовна
name: Лысенко Сергей Дмитриевич
name: Вальчак Сергей Борисович
Publisher: name: Материалы по археологии и истории античного и средневекового Причерноморья
Year: 2020
Subjects: период финальной бронзы
белозёрская культура
предскифский период
черногоровская культура
Северо-Западное Причерноморье
погребальный обряд
бронзовый браслет
лепной кувшин

description: На широком фоне аналогий рассматриваются два погребения предскифского периода (черногоровской культуры) из кургана 1 группы «Плавни» у с. Глиное Слободзейского района. Уделено внимание особенностям погребальных сооружений и погребального обряда. Рассмотрены вопросы хронологии и морфологии некоторых категорий украшений и форм керамических сосудов. Особое внимание привлекает погребение 10, совершённое в подбое и сопровождавшееся бронзовым пластинчатым браслетом. Это украшение не находит аналогий в материальном комплексе черногоровской культуры и типологически восходит к украшениям эпохи финальной бронзы. Однако особенности погребального обряда не позволяют относить данное погребение к белозёрской культуре. По совокупности признаков погребение предварительно отнесено к наиболее раннему этапу черногоровской культуры, переходному от белозёрской культуры. Исходя из этого, погребение 10 датировано первой половиной IX в. до н.э. Захоронение 17, с учётом не характерных для белозёрской культуры положения и ориентировки погребённого, а также «реликтовых» особенностей сосуда, отнесено к предскифскому периоду и датировано в рамках IX—VIII в. до н.э.
Vööbus, Arthur: Discovery of very important manuscript sources for the Syro-Roman lawbook
Creators: name: Kaufhold, Hubert
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 59 (1975): Oriens christianus, Band 59
Complex-birefringent dielectric metasurfaces for arbitrary polarization-pair transformations
Creators: name: Lung, Shaun
name: Wang, Kai
name: Kamali, Khosro Zangeneh
name: Zhang, Jihua
name: Rahmani, Mohsen
name: Neshev, Dragomir N.
name: Sukhorukov, Andrey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Birefringent materials or nanostructures that introduce phase differences between two linear polarizations underpin the operation of wave plates for polarization control of light. Here we develop metasurfaces realizing a distinct class of complex-birefringent wave plates, which combine polarization transformation with a judiciously tailored polarization-dependent phase retardance and amplitude filtering via diffraction. We prove that the presence of loss enables the mapping from any chosen generally non-orthogonal pair of polarizations to any other pair at the output. We establish an optimal theoretical design-framework based on pairwise nanoresonator structures and experimentally demonstrate unique properties of metasurfaces in the amplification of small polarization differences and polarization coupling with unconventional phase control. Furthermore, we reveal that these metasurfaces can perform arbitrary transformations of biphoton polarization-encoded quantum states, including the modification of the degree of entanglement. Thereby, such flat devices can facilitate novel types of multi-functional polarization optics for classical and quantum applications.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
Influence of charging conditions on simulated temperature-programmed desorption for hydrogen in metals
Creators: name: Díaz, A.
name: Cuesta, I. I.
name: Martínez-Pañeda, E.
name: Alegre, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Failures attributed to hydrogen embrittlement are a major concern for metals so a better understanding of damage micro-mechanisms and hydrogen diffusion within the metal is needed. Local concentrations depend on transport phenomena including trapping effects, which are usually characterised by a temperature-programmed desorption method often referred to as Thermal Desorption Analysis (TDA). When the hydrogen is released from the specimen during the programmed heating, some desorption peaks are observed that are commonly related to detrapping energies by means of an analytical procedure. The limitations of this approach are revisited here and gaseous hydrogen charging at high temperatures is simulated. This popular procedure enables attaining high concentrations due to the higher solubility of hydrogen at high temperatures. However, the segregation behaviour of hydrogen into traps depends on charging time and temperature. This process and the subsequent cooling alter hydrogen distribution are numerically modelled; it is found that TDA spectra are strongly affected by the charging temperature and the charging time, both for weak and strong traps. However, the influence of ageing time at room temperature after cooling and before desorption is only appreciable for weak traps.
НАХОДКИ БИМЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ КИНЖАЛОВ ПРЕДСКИФСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ В ОКРЕСТНОСТЯХ Г. СТАВРОПОЛЯ И В ПРИЛЕГАЮЩИХ РАЙОНАХ
Creators: name: Юрий Анатольевич Прокопенко
Publisher: name: Материалы по археологии и истории античного и средневекового Причерноморья
Year: 2020
Subjects: Центральное Предкавказье
Ставропольская возвышенность
предскифский период
киммерийцы
племена кобанской культуры
биметаллический кинжал
клинок
рукоять
металлообработка

description: Статья посвящена описанию четырех биметаллических кинжалов предскифского времени, обнаруженных в окрестностях г. Ставрополя и в прилегающих районах. Два прекрасно сохранившихся кинжала имеют железный клинок и бронзовую цельнолитую (крестовидную) рукоять с грибовидным навершием и прямым перекрестием. Предметы датируются IX—VIII вв. до н.э. Третий кинжал обнаружен на горе Стрижамент (в 35 км к югу от г. Ставрополя). Предмет представлен фрагментом железного клинка и бронзовой рукоятью с винтообразным рифлением ствола, завершается полусферической шляпкой — характерен для VIII в. до н.э. Четвертый кинжал найден в погребении 193 могильника № 1 Грушевского городища (юго-западная окраина г. Ставрополя). На горе Стрижамент найден бронзовый весловидный наконечник ножен. Лопасти «весла» составляют форму пятиугольника. Предмет аналогичен подобным наконечникам из памятников Северного Кавказа IX—VIII вв. Обстоятельство открытия значительного количества предметов IX — начала VII в. до н.э., в том числе биметаллических кинжалов, в окрестностях г. Ставрополя свидетельствует о существовании на территории Ставропольской возвышенности в указанное время центра производства оружия (и конской упряжи).
Wegner estimate and the density of states of some indefinite alloy type Schroedinger Operators
Creators: name: Veselic', Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J10, 47B80, 82B44

description: We study Schroedinger operators with a random potential of alloy type. The single site potentials are allowed to change sign. For a certain class of them we prove a Wegner estimate. This is a key ingredient in an existence proof of pure point spectrum of the considered random Schroedinger operators. Our estimate is valid for all bounded energy intervals and all space dimensions and implies the existence of the density of states.
description: 21 pages
A nonlinear model dynamics for closed-system, constrained, maximal-entropy-generation relaxation by energy redistribution
Creators: name: Beretta, Gian Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a nonlinear model for the relaxation by energy redistribution within an isolated, closed system composed of non-interacting identical particles with energy levels e_i with i=1,2,...,N. The time-dependent occupation probabilities p_i(t) are assumed to obey the nonlinear rate equations tau dp_i/dt=-p_i ln p_i+ alpha(t)p_i-beta(t)e_ip_i where alpha(t) and beta(t) are functionals of the p_i(t)'s that maintain invariant the mean energy E=sum_i e_ip_i(t) and the normalization condition 1=sum_i p_i(t). The entropy S(t)=-k sum_i p_i(t) ln p_i(t) is a non-decreasing function of time until the initially nonzero occupation probabilities reach a Boltzmann-like canonical distribution over the occupied energy eigenstates. Initially zero occupation probabilities, instead, remain zero at all times. The solutions p_i(t) of the rate equations are unique and well-defined for arbitrary initial conditions p_i(0) and for all times. Existence and uniqueness both forward and backward in time allows the reconstruction of the primordial lowest entropy state. The time evolution is at all times along the local direction of steepest entropy ascent or, equivalently, of maximal entropy generation. These rate equations have the same mathematical structure and basic features of the nonlinear dynamical equation proposed in a series of papers ended with G.P.Beretta, Found.Phys., 17, 365 (1987) and recently rediscovered in S. Gheorghiu-Svirschevski, Phys.Rev.A, 63, 022105 and 054102 (2001). Numerical results illustrate the features of the dynamics and the differences with the rate equations recently considered for the same problem in M.Lemanska and Z.Jaeger, Physica D, 170, 72 (2002).
description: 11 pages, 7 eps figures (psfrag use removed), uses subeqn, minor revisions, accepted for Physical Review E
Emergent Potts order in the kagomé $J_1-J_3$ Heisenberg model
Creators: name: Grison, Vincent
name: Viot, Pascal
name: Bernu, Bernard
name: Messio, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the physical properties of Vesignieite BaCu$_3$V$_2$O$_8$(OH)$_2$, we study the $J_1-J_3$ Heisenberg model on the kagomé lattice, that is proposed to describe this compound for $J_1<0$ and $J_3\gg|J_1|$. The nature of the classical ground state and the possible phase transitions are investigated through analytical calculations and parallel tempering Monte Carlo simulations. For $J_1<0$ and $J_3>\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}4|J_1|$, the ground states are not all related by an Hamiltonian symmetry. Order appears at low temperature via the order by disorder mechanism, favoring colinear configurations and leading to an emergent $q=4$ Potts parameter. This gives rise to a finite temperature phase transition. Effect of quantum fluctuations are studied through linear spin wave approximation and high temperature expansions of the $S=1/2$ model. For $J_3$ between $\frac14|J_1|$ and $\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}4|J_1|$, the ground state goes through a succession of semi-spiral states, possibly giving rise to multiple phase transitions at low temperatures.
Measurement of Vub using b semileptonic decay
Creators: name: Lu, Jiansen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The magnitude of the CKM matrix element |V[sub ub]| is determined by measuring the inclusive charmless semileptonic branching fraction of beauty hadrons at OPAL based on b  X[sub u]lv event topology and kinematics. This analysis uses OPAL data collected between 1991 and 1995, which correspond to about four million hadronic Z decays. Bv(b X[sub u]lv) is measured to be (1.63 ± 0.53 [sup+0.55][sub -0.62]) x 10 ⁻³. The first uncertainty is the statistical error and the second is the systematic error. From this analysis, |V[sub ub]| is determined to be: |V[sub ub]| = (4.00 ± 0.65 (stat) [sup +0.67][sub -0.76] (sys) ± 0.19 (HQE)) x 10 ⁻³. The last error represents the theoretical uncertainties related to the extraction of |V[sub ub]| from Br(6 —> X[sub u]lv) using the Heavy Quark Expansion.
THE CULTURES OF THE EARLY IRON AGE IN CHINA AS A PART OF THE SCYTHIAN WORLD
Creators: name: Shulga Daniil Petrovich
name: Shulga Petr Ivanovich
Publisher: name: Материалы по археологии и истории античного и средневекового Причерноморья
Year: 2020
Subjects: Scythian world
Sakas
Wusuns
Early Iron Age

description: Based on archaeological and written sources, the authors characterizes the two ethno cultural regions of the 9th — 3rd centuries BCE that developed in the east of the Scythian world — in Xinjiang and North China. In the 9th — 8th centuries BCE there, in local cultures of transitional appearance, burial complexes with “Scythian triad” individual elements in the Animal style in a horse bridle are recorded. It is obvious that both of these areas were the early Scythian cultures formation centers like the center in Tyva. At the same time, according to all sources, the Animal style was brought to the China territory from Mongolia. Due to natural factors, in these areas up to the 2nd century BCE Scythian cultures developed almost in isolation from each other in contact with the adjacent Kazakhstan, Southern Siberia and Mongolia regions. In the second half of the 4th century BCE the northern part of Xinjiang (including the Tien Shan) get closed culturally with Pazyryk culture of Altai, and then to the Sakas and Wusuns of Kazakhstan. At this time the North China cultures were in close contact with South Siberia population. At the same time, some Scythian-like features were preserved in them until 3rd — 2nd centuries BCE, even after the Han and Xiongnu empires formation at the end of the 3rd century BCE.
Observations of the BL Lac Object 3C 66A with STACEE
Creators: name: Bramel, D. A.
name: Carson, J.
name: Covault, C. E.
name: Fortin, P.
name: Gingrich, D. M.
name: Hanna, D. S.
name: Jarvis, A.
name: Kildea, J.
name: Lindner, T.
name: Mukherjee, R.
name: Mueller, C.
name: Ong, R. A.
name: Ragan, K.
name: Scalzo, R. A.
name: Williams, D. A.
name: Zweerink, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis and results of recent high-energy gamma-ray observations of the BL Lac object 3C 66A conducted with the Solar Tower Atmospheric Cherenkov Effect Experiment (STACEE). During the 2003-2004 observing season, STACEE extensively observed 3C 66A as part of a multiwavelength campaign on the source. A total of 33.7 hours of data was taken on the source, plus an equivalent-duration background observation. After cleaning the data set a total of 16.3 hours of live time remained, and a net on-source excess of 1134 events was seen against a background of 231742 events. At a significance of 2.2 standard deviations this excess is insufficient to claim a detection of 3C 66A, but is used to establish flux upper limits for the source.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 2 of Identification of candidate genes and regulatory factors related to growth rate through hypothalamus transcriptome analyses in broiler chickens
Creators: name: Piórkowska, Katarzyna
name: Żukowski, Kacper
name: Połtowicz, Katarzyna
name: Nowak, Joanna
name: Ropka-Molik, Katarzyna
name: Derebecka, Natalia
name: Wesoły, Joanna
name: Wojtysiak, Dorota
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: File S2. Primers and probes used in the qPCR analysis.
Adoption of Hybrid maize in Zambia: effects on gender roles, food consumption, and nutrition
Creators: name: Kumar, Shubh K.
name: Kumar, Shubh K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Corn industry
subject: Zambia
subject: Eastern Province
subject: Hybrid corn
subject: economic aspects
subject: food consumption
subject: nutrition
subject: agricultural laborers
subject: sex role in work environment

description: Enhanced agriculture productivity in sub-Saharan Africa is critical to promote economic growth and poverty alleviation and to avoid increasing food scarcities in the region. The impact of commercialization and intensification of agriculture on the well- being of the rural poor depends on how they are carried out. Past research by IFPRI and collaborating institutions on commercialization of small- scale farming in about a dozen countries provided new knowledge about the relationships between commercialization and rural well- being as measured by incomes, consumption, and nutrition. These links were shown to depend greatly on household behavior, which in turn is influenced by intrahousehold processes. A better understanding of these processes is likely to identify policy measure that will be effective in achieving both productivity and household welfare goals. This report contributes to improve understanding by examine household and intrahousehold processes influencing the welfare effects of the adoption of hybrid maize among farmers in a region of Zambia. The report identifies a number of key policy options likely to be central to achieving higher agricultural productivity and improve rural welfare simultaneously. While extending previous research on agricultural commercialization and technological change in several countries, the research reported here is a part of a larger collaborative research project undertaken with the University of Zambia, Rural Development Studies Bureau, and the Zamian National Food and Nutrition Commission. Several other IFPRI reports are available from this project, including an occasional paper, Adopting improved farm technology: A study of Smallholder Farms in Eastern Province, Zambia, buy Dayanatha Jha and Behjat Hoijai. Past research on commercialization of small- case agriculture is synthesized in a book published for IFPRI by the johns Hopkins University Press, Agricultural Commercializaton, Economic Development, and Nutrition, edited by Joachin von Braum and Eilleen Kennedy.
Coherent spin dynamics of an interwell excitons gas in GaAs/AlGaAs coupled quantum wells
Creators: name: Larionov, A. V.
name: Bisti, V. E.
name: Bayer, M.
name: Hvam, J.
name: Soerensen, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin dynamics of an interwell excitons gas has been investigated in n-i-n GaAs/AlGaAs coupled quantum wells (CQWs). In these heterostructures the electron and the hole are spatially separated in neighboring quantum wells by a narrow AlAs barrier, when an electric field is applied. The time evolution kinetics of the interwell exciton photoluminescence has been measured under resonant excitation of the 1sHH intrawell exciton, using a pulsed tunable laser. The formation of a collective exciton phase in time and the temperature dependence of its spin relaxation rate have been studied. The spin relaxation rate of the interwell excitons is strongly reduced in the collective phase. This observation provides evidence for the coherence of the indirect excitons collective phase at temperatures below a critical $T_c$.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Towards a general solution of the Hamiltonian constraints of General Relativity
Creators: name: Tiemblo, A.
name: Tresguerres, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work has a double aim. On the one hand we call attention on the relationship existing between the Ashtekar formalism and other gauge-theoretical approaches to gravity, in particular the Poincaré Gauge Theory. On the other hand we study two kinds of solutions for the constraints of General Relativity, consisting of two mutually independent parts, namely a general three-metric-dependent contribution to the extrinsic curvature $K_{ab}$ in terms of the Cotton-York tensor, and besides it further metric independent contributions, which we analyze in particular in the presence of isotropic three-metrics.
description: 10 Revtex pages, no figures. Modified version
Additional file 1 of Identification of candidate genes and regulatory factors related to growth rate through hypothalamus transcriptome analyses in broiler chickens
Creators: name: Piórkowska, Katarzyna
name: Żukowski, Kacper
name: Połtowicz, Katarzyna
name: Nowak, Joanna
name: Ropka-Molik, Katarzyna
name: Derebecka, Natalia
name: Wesoły, Joanna
name: Wojtysiak, Dorota
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: File S1. Overall statistics and read annotations obtained for each library.
Lone pairs in insulating pyrochlores: Ice rules and high-$k$ behavior
Creators: name: Seshadri, Ram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pyrochlore dielectric materials such as (Bi$_{1.5}$Zn$_{0.5}$)(Nb$_{1.5}$Zn$_{0.5}$)O$_7$ (BZN) have generated interest because they combine high dielectric constants with small dielectric loss tangents and yet are cubic at all temperatures. The recent low-temperature preparation and structural characterization of Bi$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$, which remains cubic down to 2 K, has provided a good model system for understanding the properties of Bi-based pyrochlores. In this contribution, the electronic structure of cubic Bi$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ is visualized and compared with the electronic structure of the Aurivillius phase ferroelectric SrBi$_2$Ta$_2$O$_9$ (SBT), which displays a ferroelectric distortion below 608 K associated with the tendency of lone pair active Bi$^{3+}$ to move off-center. Such coherent off-centering distortions are frustrated on the pyrochlore lattice, and this prevents a ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition in Bi$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$. Instead, Bi$^{3+}$ ions in Bi$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ are obliged to off-center in an \textit{incoherent} manner, that is compatible with the cubic structure being retained. Frustrated lone pair behavior in the defect pyrochlore Pb$_2$Sn$_2$O$_6$ is also described. Parallels between the well-studied frustration of certain types of \textit{magnetism} in pyrochlore compounds (spin-ice) and the striking paucity of ferroelectric pyrochlores, arising from the corner-connected tetrahedral topology of the pyrochlore lattice are pointed out.
description: 15 pages in with color figures
Intersection Democracy for Winding Branes and Stabilization of Extra Dimensions
Creators: name: Rador, Tonguç
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that, in the context of pure Einstein gravity, a democratic principle for intersection possibilities of branes winding around extra dimensions in a given partitioning yield stabilization, while what the observed space follows is matter-like dust evolution . Here democracy is used in the sense that, in a given decimation of extra dimensions, all possible wrappings and hence all possible intersections are allowed. Generally, the necessary and sufficient condition for this is that the dimensionality $m$ of the observed space dimensions obey $3\leqm \le N$ where $N$ is the decimation order of the extra dimensions.
description: Added a section for linear and non-linear stability analysis of the equilibrium point. Added references. Corrected typos
ЛИТЫЕ МЕТКИ НА СКИФСКИХ НАКОНЕЧНИКАХ СТРЕЛ, КАК ХРОНОИНДИКАТОРЫ: МЕТКА КОСАЯ ЛИНИЯ
Creators: name: Дараган Марина Николаевна
Publisher: name: Материалы по археологии и истории античного и средневекового Причерноморья
Year: 2020
Subjects: Северное Причерноморье
скифы
хронология
наконечники стрел
метки
производство

description: С середины V в. до н.э. на скифских наконечниках появляются литые метки. Одним из типов меток, получивших широкое распространение, является метка в виде косой (диагональной) линии с наклоном влево. Рассмотрено 55 колчанных наборов, владельцы которых использовали схожие типы наконечников, маркированные такой меткой. Погребальные комплексы, в которых они найдены, датируются второй — началом третьей четверти IV в. до н.э. Анализ колчанных наборов из этих комплексов позволил выделить 7 основных типов наконечников, определяющих узкий хронологический горизонт. Наконечники с меткой в виде косой линии с наклоном влево, равно как и колчаны их вмещающие, бытуют лишь в течение достаточно узкого отрезка времени и являются надежными хроноиндикаторами второй — начала третьей четверти IV в. до н.э.
Relative importance of nonlinear electron-phonon coupling and vertex corrections in the Holstein model
Creators: name: Dee, Philip M.
name: Coulter, Jennifer
name: Kleiner, Kevin
name: Johnston, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determining the range of validity of Migdal's approximation for electron-phonon ($e$-ph) coupled systems is a long-standing problem. Many attempts to answer this question employ the Holstein Hamiltonian, where the electron density couples linearly to local lattice displacements. When these displacements are large, however, nonlinear corrections to the interaction must also be included, which can significantly alter the physical picture obtained from this model. Using determinant quantum Monte Carlo and the self-consistent Migdal approximation, we compared superconducting and charge-density-wave correlations in the Holstein model with and without second-order nonlinear interactions. We find a disagreement between the two cases, even for relatively small values of the $e$-ph coupling strength, and, importantly, that this can occur in the same parameter regions where Migdal's approximation holds. Our results demonstrate that questions regarding the validity of Migdal's approximation go hand in hand with questions of the validity of a linear $e$-ph interaction.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. To be published in Communications Physics
Forest resources and rural livelihoods in the north-central regions of Namibia
Creators: name: MacGregor, James
name: Palmer, Charles
name: Barnes, Johnathon
name: MacGregor, James
name: Palmer, Charles
name: Barnes, Johnathon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Economics
subject: Forestry
subject: Markets

description: This paper reports on the results from a household survey of forest resources use in the north-central regions of Namibia (NCR), focusing on the four relatively densely settled rural areas, which also include several small rapidly developing urban nodes. The paper aims to address the concern that both poverty and economic development are increasing and driving over-utilisation of forest resources. We examined current levels of utilisation of forest resources at a household level and applied a dynamic modelling approach in order to develop policy pointers that can maximise poverty alleviation and conservation benefits as Namibia develops.
description: Forestry
de Vaucouleurs-Ikeuchi Diagram and Commutation Relations among Phase Space Coordinates
Creators: name: Fukuyama, Takeshi
name: Kikuchi, Tatsuru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the relations between de Vaucouleurs-Ikeuchi diagram and generalized commutation relations among the coordinates and momenta. All physical objects in the Universe ranging from elementary particles to super cluster of galaxies are confined within the Triangle of the de Vaucouleurs-Ikeuchi diagram on the matter density versus scale length plane. These three boundaries are characterized by the quantum uncertainty principle, gravitational event horizon, and cosmological constant. These are specified by the non-zero commutation relations $[x_μ,p_ν], [x_μ, x_ν]$ (strictly $[x_i,t]$) and $[p_μ,p_ν]$, respectively. The canonical commutation relation $[x_i,p_j]$ are slightly modified, which preserves the self consistency as a whole.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, the enlarged version to which one auhtor was added