cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Influence of Nanoparticle Size and Shape on Oligomer Formation of an Amyloidogenic Peptide
Creators: name: O'Brien, Edward P.
name: Straub, John E.
name: Brooks, Bernard R.
name: Thirumalai, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Understanding the influence of macromolecular crowding and nanoparticles on the formation of in-register $β$-sheets, the primary structural component of amyloid fibrils, is a first step towards describing \emph{in vivo} protein aggregation and interactions between synthetic materials and proteins. Using all atom molecular simulations in implicit solvent we illustrate the effects of nanoparticle size, shape, and volume fraction on oligomer formation of an amyloidogenic peptide from the transthyretin protein. Surprisingly, we find that inert spherical crowding particles destabilize in-register $β$-sheets formed by dimers while stabilizing $β$-sheets comprised of trimers and tetramers. As the radius of the nanoparticle increases crowding effects decrease, implying smaller crowding particles have the largest influence on the earliest amyloid species. We explain these results using a theory based on the depletion effect. Finally, we show that spherocylindrical crowders destabilize the ordered $β$-sheet dimer to a greater extent than spherical crowders, which underscores the influence of nanoparticle shape on protein aggregation.
FIR colours and SEDs of nearby galaxies observed with Herschel
Creators: name: Boselli, A.
name: Ciesla, L.
name: Buat, V.
name: Cortese, L.
name: Auld, R.
name: Baes, M.
name: Bendo, G. J.
name: Bianchi, S.
name: Bock, J.
name: Bomans, D. J.
name: Bradford, M.
name: Castro-Rodriguez, N.
name: Chanial, P.
name: Charlot, S.
name: Clemens, M.
name: Clements, D.
name: Corbelli, E.
name: Cooray, A.
name: Cormier, D.
name: Dariush, A.
name: Davies, J.
name: De Looze, I.
name: Alighieri, S. di Serego
name: Dwek, E.
name: Eales, S.
name: Elbaz, D.
name: Fadda, D.
name: Fritz, J.
name: Galametz, M.
name: Galliano, F.
name: Garcia-Appadoo, D. A.
name: Gavazzi, G.
name: Gear, W.
name: Giovanardi, C.
name: Glenn, J.
name: Gomez, H.
name: Griffin, M.
name: Grossi, M.
name: Hony, S.
name: Hughes, T. M.
name: Hunt, L.
name: Isaak, K.
name: Jones, A.
name: Levenson, L.
name: Lu, N.
name: Madden, S. C.
name: O'Halloran, B.
name: Okumura, K.
name: Oliver, S.
name: Page, M.
name: Panuzzo, P.
name: Papageorgiou, A.
name: Parkin, T.
name: Perez-Fournon, I.
name: Pierini, D.
name: Pohlen, M.
name: Rangwala, N.
name: Rigby, E.
name: Roussel, H.
name: Rykala, A.
name: Sabatini, S.
name: Sacchi, N.
name: Sauvage, M.
name: Schulz, B.
name: Schirm, M.
name: Smith, M. W. L.
name: Spinoglio, L.
name: Stevens, J.
name: Sundar, S.
name: Symeonidis, M.
name: Trichas, M.
name: Vaccari, M.
name: Verstappen, J.
name: Vigroux, L.
name: Vlahakis, C.
name: Wilson, C.
name: Wozniak, H.
name: Wright, G.
name: Xilouris, E. M.
name: Zeilinger, W.
name: Zibetti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present infrared colours (in the 25-500 mic spectral range) and UV to radio continuum spectral energy distributions of a sample of 51 nearby galaxies observed with SPIRE on Herschel. The observed sample includes all morphological classes, from quiescent ellipticals to active starbursts. Active galaxies have warmer colour temperatures than normal spirals. In ellipticals hosting a radio galaxy, the far-infrared (FIR) emission is dominated bynthe synchrotron nuclear emission. The colour temperature of the cold dust is higher in quiescent E-S0a than in star-forming systems probably because of the different nature of their dust heating sources (evolved stellar populations, X-ray, fast electrons) and dust grain properties. In contrast to the colour temperature of the warm dust, the f350/f500 index sensitive to the cold dust decreases with star formation and increases with metallicity, suggesting an overabundance of cold dust or an emissivity parameter beta<2 in low metallicity, active systems.
description: Accepted for publication on A&A, Herschel special issue
Resonant-tunneling-based spin ratchets
Creators: name: Scheid, Matthias
name: Lassl, Andreas
name: Richter, Klaus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We outline a generic ratchet mechanism for creating directed spin-polarized currents in ac-driven double well or double dot structures by employing resonant spin transfer through the system engineered by local external magnetic fields. We show its applicability to semiconductor nanostructures by considering coherent transport through two coupled lateral quantum dots, where the energy levels of the two dots exhibit opposite Zeeman spin splitting. We perform numerical quantum mechanical calculations for the I-V characteristics of this system in the nonlinear regime, which requires a self-consistent treatment of the charge redistribution due to the applied finite bias. We show that this setting enables nonzero averaged net spin currents in the absence of net charge transport.
Accurate Masses for the Primary and Secondary in the Eclipsing White Dwarf Binary NLTT 11748
Creators: name: Kilic, Mukremin
name: Prieto, Carlos Allende
name: Brown, Warren R.
name: Agueros, M. A.
name: Kenyon, S. J.
name: Camilo, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the radial velocity curve of the eclipsing detached white dwarf binary NLTT 11748. The primary exhibits velocity variations with a semi-amplitude of 273 km/s and an orbital period of 5.641 hr. We do not detect any spectral features from the secondary star, or any spectral changes during the secondary eclipse. We use our composite spectrum to constrain the temperature and surface gravity of the primary to be Teff = 8690 (140) K and log g = 6.54 (0.05), which correspond to a mass of 0.18 Msol. For an inclination angle of 89.9 deg. derived from the eclipse modeling, the mass function requires a 0.76 Msol companion. The merger time for the system is 7.2 Gyr. However, due to the extreme mass ratio of 0.24, the binary will most likely create an AM CVn system instead of a merger.
description: ApJ Letters, in press
Aspects of defects in integrable quantum field theory
Creators: name: Corrigan, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Defects are ubiquitous in nature, for example dislocations, shocks, bores, or impurities of various kinds, and their descriptions are an important part of any physical theory. However, one might ask the question: what types of defect are allowed and what are their properties if it is required to maintain integrability within an integrable field theory in two-dimensional space-time? This talk addresses a collection of ideas and questions including examples of integrable defects and the curiously special roles played by energy-momentum conservation and Backlund transformations, solitons scattering with defects and some interesting effects within the sine-Gordon model, defects in integrable quantum field theory and the construction of transmission matrices, and concluding with remarks on algebraic considerations and future directions.
description: 12 pages, invited talk presented at CQIS-2011, Protvino, Russia in January 2011
Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae) from Iran
Creators: name: Maddahi, Hassan
name: Khazanehdari, Mahsa
name: Aliabadian, Mansour
name: Kami, Haji Gholi
name: Mirshamsi, Amin
name: Mirshamsi, Omid
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: In the present study, the mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of five solifuge families of Iran is presented using phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, subunit 1 (COI) sequence data. Moreover, we included available representatives from seven families from GenBank to examine the genetic distance between Old and New World taxa and test the phylogenetic relationships among more solifuge families. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed based on the two most probabilistic methods, Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) approaches. Resulting topologies demonstrated the monophyly of the families Daesiidae, Eremobatidae, Galeodidae, Karschiidae and Rhagodidae, whereas the monophyly of the families Ammotrechidae and Gylippidae was not supported. Also, within the family Eremobatidae, the subfamilies Eremobatinae and Therobatinae and the genus Hemerotrecha were paraphyletic or polyphyletic. According to the resulted topologies, the taxonomic placements of Trichotoma michaelseni (Gylippidae) and Nothopuga sp. 1 (Ammotrechidae) are still remain under question and their revision might be appropriate. According to the results of this study, within the family Galeodidae, the validity of the genus Galeodopsis is supported, while the validity of the genus Paragaleodes still remains uncertain. Moreover, our results revealed that the species Galeodes bacillatus, and Rhagodes melanochaetus are junior synonyms of G. caspius, and R. eylandti, respectively.
Cluster formation probability in the trans-tin and trans-lead nuclei
Creators: name: Santhosh, K. P.
name: Biju, R. K.
name: Sahadevan, Sabina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within our fission model, the Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM) cluster formation probabilities are calculated for different clusters ranging from carbon to silicon for the parents in the trans-tin and trans- lead regions. It is found that in trans-tin region the 12^C, 16^O, 20^Ne and 24^Mg clusters have maximum cluster formation probability and lowest half lives as compared to other clusters. In trans-lead region the 14^C, 18, 20^O, 23^F, 24,26^Ne, 28,30^Mg and 34^Si clusters have the maximum cluster formation probability and minimum half life, which show that alpha like clusters are most probable for emission from trans-tin region while non-alpha clusters are probable from trans-lead region. These results stress the role of neutron proton symmetry and asymmetry of daughter nuclei in these two cases.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Systematic application of the M3Y NN forces for describing the capture process in heavy-ion collisions involving deformed target nuclei
Creators: name: Gontchar, I. I.
name: Chushnyakova, M. V.
name: Sukhareva, O. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a systematic study of the capture process through the barrier penetration model. The nucleus-nucleus interaction potential is calculated using the double-folding model (DFM) with the M3Y Paris NN forces. The nucleon densities entering the model are generated from the experimental three-parameter Fermi charge densities. The DFM has been extended to the case of deformed target nuclei. It is shown that the density-dependent M3Y NN forces with the finite range exchange part can be mimicked successfully by the zero-range density-independent forces. The latter option significantly reduces the required computer time. For the nucleon densities and target nuclei deformations we employ the values from the commonly used data bases. Thus, we do not vary any parameters to reach a better agreement with the data. The resulting cross-sections are compared with data for 20 reactions with the product of the charge numbers Z_P*Z_T ranging from 216 up to 2576. We discuss the opinion met in the literature that the M3Y NN forces provide a poorer description of the capture cross-sections in heavy-ion collisions in comparison to the NN forces coming from the relativistic mean-field approach. Our calculations show that the M3Y NN forces give an agreement with the data which is not perfect yet is not worse than the one resulting from the RMF NN forces.
Non-Thermal X-ray Emission from the Northwestern Rim of the Galactic Supernova Remnant G266.2-1.2 (RX J0852.0-4622)
Creators: name: Pannuti, Thomas G.
name: Allen, Glenn E.
name: Filipovic, Miroslav D.
name: De Horta, Ain
name: Stupar, Milorad
name: Agrawal, Rashika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed spatially-resolved spectroscopic analysis of two X-ray observations (with a total integration time of 73280 seconds) made of the luminous northwestern rim complex of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G266.2-1.2 (RX J0852.0-4622) with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. G266.2-1.2 is a member of a class of Galactic SNRs which feature X-ray spectra dominated by non-thermal emission: in the cases of these SNRs, the emission is believed to have a synchrotron origin and studies of the X-ray spectra of these SNRs can lend insights into how SNRs accelerate cosmic-ray particles. The Chandra observations have clearly revealed fine structure in this rim complex and the spectra of these features are dominated by non-thermal emission. We have measured the length scales of the upstream structures at eight positions along the rim and derive lengths of 0.02-0.08 pc (assuming a distance of 750 pc to G266.2-1.2). We have also extracted spectra from seven regions in the rim complex and fit these spectra with such models as a simple power law as well as the synchrotron models SRCUT and SRESC. We have constrained our fits to the latter two models using estimates for the flux densities of these filaments at 1 GHz as determined from radio observations made with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). Statistically-acceptable fits to all seven regions are derived using each model: differences in the fit parameters (such as photon index and cutoff frequency) are seen in the different regions, which may indicate variations in shock conditions and the maximum energies of the cosmic-ray electrons accelerated at each region. Finally, we estimate the maximum energy of cosmic-ray electrons accelerated along this rim complex to be approximately 40 TeV. We include a summary of estimated maximum energies for both Galactic SNRs as well as SNRs located in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
description: 56 Pages, 11 Figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Regional activation within vastus medialis and lateralis in clinical and experimental pain
Creators: name: Gallina, Alessio
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: The possibility to preferentially activate the distal region of the vastus medialis (VM) has been debated for a long time in physiotherapy for its potential relevance for patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, there is little experimental evidence that quadriceps muscle activation can be modulated regionally, either in voluntary tasks or in the presence of pain. This thesis examined whether the human neuromuscular system can preferentially control regions within the quadriceps muscle, and if pain results in regional modulation of quadriceps muscle activation. Methods: Regional activation within the VM (Chapters 2 to 5) and vastus lateralis (VL; Chapters 4 and 5) was investigated using high-density surface electromyography. To investigate whether the human spinal cord has the neuromuscular circuitry to selectively recruit motor units located in different muscle regions, regional stretch reflexes were elicited by applying mechanical stimuli along the VM insertion on the patella (Chapter 2). The possibility to regionally activate the VM in dynamic voluntary contractions was studied (Chapter 3). Principal component analysis was used to identify differences in regional activation patterns between 36 females with PFP and 20 age- and sex-matched controls (Chapter 4). Finally, the effect of location-specific acute nociceptive input on muscle activation within VM and VL was studied (Chapter 5). Results: Regionalized stretch reflexes provided evidence that the human spinal cord has the neuromuscular circuitry to selectively modulate the activation of regions within the VM. Redistribution between VM and VL and within the VM was observed in controls when comparing concentric and eccentric contractions. In the same task, less redistribution was observed in females with PFP, especially those with higher maximal knee extension strength. Region-specific adaptations of VM activation were observed in response to localized nociceptive input. Discussion: This dissertation provides evidence for regional activation between quadriceps heads and within the VM in reflex and voluntary contractions. Regional modulation of quadriceps muscle activation was observed in PFP and with experimental pain. This thesis highlights the role of regional activation within the quadriceps muscle in health and pain, and provides support for current theories on how the human nervous system adapts to pain.
Writing CFT correlation functions as AdS scattering amplitudes
Creators: name: Penedones, Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the Mellin representation of conformal correlation functions recently proposed by Mack. Examples in the AdS/CFT context reinforce the analogy between Mellin amplitudes and scattering amplitudes. We conjecture a simple formula relating the bulk scattering amplitudes to the asymptotic behavior of Mellin amplitudes and show that previous results on the flat space limit of AdS follow from our new formula. We find that the Mellin amplitudes are particularly useful in the case of conformal gauge theories in the planar limit. In this case, the four point Mellin amplitudes are meromorphic functions whose poles and their residues are entirely determined by two and three point functions of single-trace operators. This makes the Mellin amplitudes the ideal objects to attempt the conformal bootstrap program in higher dimensions.
description: 23 pages + appendices
The semiclassical origin of curvature effects in universal spectral statistics
Creators: name: Waltner, Daniel
name: Heusler, S.
name: Urbina, Juan Diego
name: Richter, Klaus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We consider the energy averaged two-point correlator of spectral determinants and calculate contributions beyond the diagonal approximation using semiclassical methods. Evaluating the contributions originating from pseudo-orbit correlations in the same way as in [S. Heusler et al. 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 98}, 044103] we find a discrepancy between the semiclassical and the random matrix theory result. A complementary analysis based on a field-theoretical approach shows that the additional terms occurring in semiclassics are cancelled in field theory by so-called curvature effects. We give the semiclassical interpretation of the curvature effects in terms of contributions from multiple traversals of periodic orbits around shorter periodic orbits and discuss the consistency of our results with previous approaches.
Between a metal and an insulator: the critical state of the Anderson transition
Creators: name: Lemarié, Gabriel
name: Lignier, Hans
name: Delande, Dominique
name: Szriftgiser, Pascal
name: Garreau, Jean Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a three-frequency one-dimensional kicked rotor experimentally realized with a cold atomic gas, we study the transport properties at the critical point of the metal-insulator Anderson transition. We accurately measure the time-evolution of an initially localized wavepacket and show that it displays at the critical point a scaling invariance characteristic of this second-order phase transition. The shape of the momentum distribution at the critical point is found to be in excellent agreement with the analytical form deduced from self-consistent theory of localization.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRL
The fate of mitochondria after infection of the Mucoralean fungus Absidia glauca by the fusion parasite Parasitella parasitica: comparison of mitochondrial genomes in zygomycetes
Creators: name: Ellenberger, Sabrina
name: Burmester, Anke
name: Wöstemeyer, Johannes
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Absidia glauca and Parasitella parasitica constitute a versatile experimental system for studying horizontal gene transfer between a mucoralean host and its fusion parasite. The A. glauca chondriome has a length of approximately 63 kb and a GC content of 28%. The chondriome of P. parasitica is larger, 83 kb, and contains 31% GC base pairs. These mtDNAs contain the standard fungal mitochondrial gene set, small and large subunit rRNAs, plus ribonuclease P RNA. Comparing zygomycete chondriomes reveals an unusually high number of homing endonuclease genes in P. parasitica, substantiating the mobility of intron elements independent of host-parasite interactions.
Exo-Planetary Transits of Limb Brightened Lines; Tentative Si IV Absorption by HD209458b
Creators: name: Schlawin, Everett
name: Agol, Eric
name: Walkowicz, Lucianne
name: Covey, Kevin
name: Lloyd, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transit light curves for stellar continua have only one minimum and a "U" shape. By contrast, transit curves for optically thin chromospheric emission lines can have a "W" shape because of stellar limb-brightening. We calculate light curves for an optically thin shell of emission and fit these models to time-resolved observations of Si IV absorption by the planet HD209458b. We find that the best fit Si IV absorption model has R_p,SIV/R_*= 0.34+0.07-0.12, similar to the Roche lobe of the planet. While the large radius is only at the limit of statistical significance, we develop formulae applicable to transits of all optically thin chromospheric emission lines.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, Astrophysical Journal Letters, accepted
Spin-1/2 XXZ diamond chain within the Jordan-Wigner fermionization approach
Creators: name: Verkholyak, Taras
name: Strecka, Jozef
name: Jascur, Michal
name: Richter, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-1/2 XXZ diamond chain is considered within the Jordan-Wigner fermionization. The fermionized Hamiltonian contains the interacting terms which are treated within the Hartree-Fock approximation. We obtain the ground-state magnetization curve of the model for some particular cases and compare the results with the exact diagonalization data for finite chains of 30 spins and known exact results. We also analyze the validity of the suggested approximation.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, presented at 14th Czech and Slovak Conference on Magnetism 6.-9. July 2010, Kosice, Slovakia
Fusaricidins, Polymyxins and Volatiles Produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa Strains DSM 32871 and M1
Creators: name: Mülner, Pascal
name: Schwarz, Elisa
name: Dietel, Kristin
name: Herfort, Stefanie
name: Jähne, Jennifer
name: Lasch, Peter
name: Cernava, Tomislav
name: Berg, Gabriele
name: Vater, Joachim
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: P. polymyxa
subject: bioactive peptides
subject: volatiles
subject: MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
subject: GC–MS
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Paenibacilli are efficient producers of potent agents against bacterial and fungal pathogens, which are of great interest both for therapeutic applications in medicine as well as in agrobiotechnology. Lipopeptides produced by such organisms play a major role in their potential to inactivate pathogens. In this work we investigated two lipopeptide complexes, the fusaricidins and the polymyxins, produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa strains DSM 32871 and M1 by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The fusaricidins show potent antifungal activities and are distinguished by an unusual variability. For strain DSM 32871 we identified numerous yet unknown variants mass spectrometrically. DSM 32871 produces polymyxins of type E (colistins), while M1 forms polymyxins P. For both strains, novel but not yet completely characterized polymyxin species were detected, which possibly are glycosylated. These compounds may be of interest therapeutically, because polymyxins have gained increasing attention as last-resort antibiotics against multiresistant pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the volatilomes of DSM 32781 and M1 were investigated with a GC–MS approach using different cultivation media. Production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was strain and medium dependent. In particular, strain M1 manifested as an efficient VOC-producer that exhibited formation of 25 volatiles in total. A characteristic feature of Paenibacilli is the formation of volatile pyrazine derivatives.
Open-Access-Landesstrategien und der Weg zur offenen Wissenschaft – Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen am Beispiel Berlin
Creators: name: Kindling, Maxi
name: Neufend, Maike
name: Stiller, Juliane
name: Trkulja, Violeta
name: Kobialka, Sophie
name: Wenninger, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Open Access
Open Research
Open Science
Berlin
Strategie
Landesinitiative

description: Mit der Open-Access-Strategie war das Land Berlin im Jahr 2015 eines der ersten Bundesländer, das eine solche landesweite Strategie verabschiedet hat und seither die Wissenschafts- und Kultureinrichtungen des Landes Berlin bei der Umsetzung von Open Access unterstützt. Die Open-Access-Transformation ist im Hinblick auf viele Aspekte der OA-Strategie in den vergangenen sechs Jahren unterschiedlich weit fortgeschritten, es gibt viele Erfolge zu verzeichnen, aber auch nicht ausgeschöpfte Potentiale. Gleichzeitig verlagern sich Positionen und Initiativen zu Open Access zunehmend auf offene Wissenschaft als übergeordnetes Konzept. Die Berliner Open-Access-Strategie hat bereits 2015 mehrere Handlungsfelder einer offenen Wissenschaft wie Open Access zu Publikationen, Forschungsdaten und Kulturdaten aufgenommen. Die wissenschaftlichen und kulturellen Landeseinrichtungen befinden sich jetzt an dem Punkt, diese und wichtige zusätzliche Handlungsfelder strategisch weiterzuentwickeln und somit Praktiken offener Wissenschaft zu stärken. Das 2016 für die Unterstützung der Open-Access-Strategie an der Freien Universität eingerichtete Open-Access-Büro Berlin hat im Auftrag der Arbeitsgruppe Open-Access-Strategie für Berlin eine Empfehlung für eine Landesinitiative Open Research Berlin erstellt, die auch Lücken und Herausforderungen der Open-Access-Transformation adressieren soll. Begleitend dazu wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit You, We & Digital wissenschaftliche und kulturelle Landeseinrichtungen zu wichtigen Handlungsfeldern, Aktivitäten, Werten und Prinzipien von Offenheit in der Wissenschaft befragt. Die Online-Konsultation "Berlin Open Research" versteht sich als eine Komponente eines in Berlin angestoßenen Prozesses hin zu einer offenen und partizipativen Wissenschaft, die sich auch für strukturelle Gerechtigkeit und Inklusion verantwortlich zeigt. Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über die in Berlin seit 2015 umgesetzten Maßnahmen und zeigt Ausschnitte der Konsultationsergebnisse. Weiterhin werden die Ziele und der Weg hin zu einer Landesinitiative Open Research kritisch in den Blick genommen sowie Herausforderungen auf dem Weg zu einer offenen Wissenschaft formuliert.
Effects of Turbulence, Eccentricity Damping, and Migration Rate on the Capture of Planets into Mean Motion Resonance
Creators: name: Ketchum, Jacob A.
name: Adams, Fred C.
name: Bloch, Anthony M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pairs of migrating extrasolar planets often lock into mean motion resonance as they drift inward. This paper studies the convergent migration of giant planets (driven by a circumstellar disk) and determines the probability that they are captured into mean motion resonance. The probability that such planets enter resonance depends on the type of resonance, the migration rate, the eccentricity damping rate, and the amplitude of the turbulent fluctuations. This problem is studied both through direct integrations of the full 3-body problem, and via semi-analytic model equations. In general, the probability of resonance decreases with increasing migration rate, and with increasing levels of turbulence, but increases with eccentricity damping. Previous work has shown that the distributions of orbital elements (eccentricity and semimajor axis) for observed extrasolar planets can be reproduced by migration models with multiple planets. However, these results depend on resonance locking, and this study shows that entry into -- and maintenance of -- mean motion resonance depends sensitively on migration rate, eccentricity damping, and turbulence.
description: 43 pages including 14 figures; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Spontaneous Supercurrent Induced by Ferromagnetic π Junctions
Creators: name: Bauer, A.
name: Bentner, J.
name: Aprili, M.
name: Della Rocca, L.
name: Reinwald, Matthias
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Strunk, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION; SUPERCONDUCTORS
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 74.50.+r
subject: 85.25.Cp

description: We present magnetization measurements of mesoscopic superconducting niobium loops containing a ferromagnetic (PdNi) π junction. The loops are prepared on top of the active area of a micro-Hall sensor based on high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. We observe asymmetric switching of the loop between different magnetization states when reversing the sweep direction of the magnetic field. This provides evidence for a spontaneous current induced by the intrinsic phase shift of the π junction. In addition, the presence of the spontaneous current near zero applied field is directly revealed by an increase of the magnetic moment with decreasing temperature, which results in half integer flux quantization in the loop at low temperatures.
Polystyrene grafting from silica nanoparticles via Nitroxide-Mediated-Polymerization (NMP): synthesis and SANS analysis with contrast variation method
Creators: name: Chevigny, Chloé
name: Gigmes, Didier
name: Bertin, Denis
name: Jestin, Jacques
name: Boué, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new convenient and efficient "grafting from" method to obtain well defined polystyrene (PS) silica nanoparticles. The method, based on Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP), consists to bind covalently the alkoxyamine, which acts as initiator controller agent, at the silica nanoparticles surface in two steps. The first step is a reaction between the aminopropylsilane and the silica particles in order to functionalize the particles surface with amino group. In a second step, the initiating-controlling alkoxyamine moiety is introduced via an over grafting reaction between the amino group and the N-hydroxysuccinimide based MAMA-SG1 activated ester. To simplify both their chemical transformation and the polymerization step, the native silica particles, initially dispersed in water, have been transferred in an organic solvent, the dimethylacetamide, which is also a good solvent for the polystyrene. The synthesis parameters have been optimized for grafting density, conversion rates, and synthesis reproducibility while keeping the colloidal stability and to avoid any aggregation of silica particles induced by the inter-particles interaction evolution during the synthesis. After synthesis, the final grafted objects have been purified and the non-grafted polymer chains formed in the solvent have been washed out by ultra filtration. Then the particles have been studied using Small angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) coupled to neutron contrast variation method. To optimize the contrast conditions, both hydrogenated and deuterated monomers have been used for the synthesis. A refined fitting analysis based on the comparison on two models, a basic core-shell and the Gaussian Pedersen model, enables us to fit nicely the experimental data for both the hydrogenated and deuterated grafted case. Differences are seen between grafting of normal or deuterated chains which can be due to monomer reactivity or to neutron contrast effect variations. The synthesis and the characterization method established in this work constitute a robust and reproducible way to design well defined grafted polymer nanoparticles. These objects will be incorporated in polymer matrices in a further step to create Nanocomposites for polymer reinforcement.
Crystalline Phase Effects on the Nonlinear Optical Response of MoS2 and WS2 Nanosheets
Creators: name: Stavrou, Michalis
name: Chazapis, Nikolaos
name: Nikoli, Eleni
name: Arenal, Raul
name: Tagmatarchis, Nikos
name: Couris, Stelios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work, some MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets were prepared and characterized. Depending on the preparation procedures, trigonal prismatic (2H) or octahedral (1T) coordination of the metal atoms were obtained, exhibiting metallic (1T) or semiconducting (2H) character. Both MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets were found exhibiting large nonlinear optical (NLO) response, strongly dependent on their metallic (1T) or semiconducting (2H) character. So, the semiconducting character 2H-MoS2 and 2H-WS2 exhibit positive nonlinear absorption and strong self-focusing, while their metallic character counterparts exhibit strong negative nonlinear absorption and important self-defocusing. In addition, the semiconducting MoS2 and WS2 were found exhibiting important and very broadband optical limiting action extended from 450 to 1750 nm. So, by selecting the crystalline phase of the nanosheets, i.e., their semiconduction/metallic character, their NLO response can be greatly modulated. The results of the present work demonstrate unambiguously that the control of the crystalline phase of MoS2 and WS2 provides an efficient strategy for 2D nanostructures with custom made NLO properties for specific optoelectronic and photonic applications.
On the Detection of Two New Transneptunian Binaries from the CFEPS Kuiper Belt Survey
Creators: name: Lin, H. -W.
name: Kavelaars, J. J.
name: Ip, W. -H.
name: Gladman, B. J.
name: Petit, J. M.
name: Jones, R. L.
name: Parker, Joel Wm.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report here the discovery of an new near-equal mass Trans-Neptunian Binaries (TNBs) L5c02 and the and the putative detection of a second TNB (L4k12) among the year two and three detections of the Canada-France-Eclipic Plane Survey (CFEPS). These new binaries (internal designation L4k12 and L5c02) have moderate separations of 0.4" and 0.6" respectively. The follow-up observation confirmed the binarity of L5c02, but L4k12 are still lack of more followup observations. L4k12 has a heliocentric orbital inclination of ~ 35?degree, marking this system as having the highest heliocentric orbital inclination among known near-equal mass binaries. Both systems are members of the classical main Kuiper belt population. Based on the sample of objects searched we determine that the fraction of near-equal mass wide binaries with separations > 0.4" is 1.5% to 20% in the cold main classical Kuiper belt and, if our detection the binarity L4k12 holds, 3% to 43% in the hot main classical objects are binary. In this manuscript we describe our detection process, the sample of objects surveyed, our confirmation observations.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PASP
Joint Modelling of Dust Scattering and Thermal Emission: The Spider Complex
Creators: name: Zhang, Jielai
name: Martin, Peter G
name: Cloutier, Ryan
name: Price-Jones, Natalie
name: Abraham, Roberto
name: van Dokkum, Pieter
name: Merritt, Allison
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations across the electromagnetic spectrum of radiative processes involving interstellar dust -- emission, extinction, and scattering -- are used to constrain the parameters of dust models and more directly to aid in foreground removal of dust for extragalactic and cosmology observations. The more complementary observations, the better. Here, we quantify the relationship between scattered light and thermal emission from dust in a diffuse (cirrus) intermediate latitude cloud, Spider, using data from the Dragonfly Telephoto Array and the Herschel Space Observatory. A challenge for optical observations of faint cirrus is accurate removal of a contaminating spatially varying sky background. We present a technique to analyse two images of the same cirrus field concurrently, correlating pixel values to capture the relationship and simultaneously fitting the sky background as a complex non-correlating additive component. For the Spider, we measure a $g-r$ color of 0.644$\pm 0.024$ and a visible wavelength to 250 $μ$m intensity ratio of $10^{-3} \times (0.855 \pm0.025)$ and $10^{-3} \times (1.55\pm0.08)$ for $g$ and $r$-band respectively. We show how to use any dust model that matches the thermal dust emission to predict an upper limit to the amount of scattered light. The actual brightness of the cirrus will be fainter than this limit because of anisotropic scattering by the dust combined with anisotropy of the incident interstellar radiation field (ISRF). Using models of dust and the ISRF in the literature we illustrate that the predicted brightness is indeed lower, though not as faint as the observations indicate.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, The Astrophysical Journal
Enhanced shear separation for chiral magnetic colloidal aggregates
Creators: name: Mendoza, C. I.
name: Marques, C. M.
name: Thalmann, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the designing principles of the simplest colloidal propeller, an architecture built from four identical spheres that can couple translation with rotation to produce controlled drift motion. By considering superparamagnetic beads, we show that the simultaneous action of a magnetic field and a shear flow leads to the migration of the cluster in the vorticity direction. We investigate the dependence of the migration velocity on the geometrical parameters of the cluster, and find that significant cluster separation can be achieved under the typical operation conditions of microfluidic devices.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys.Rev.E
Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act No. 53 of 2003
Creators: name: Government of South Africa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: I, Dr Rob Davies, Minister of Trade and Industry hereby gazette the Youth Employment Service Initiative within Code Series 000, Statement 000 of the Amended Codes of Good Practice in terms of Section 9 (1) of the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Amendment Act 2003, (Act No. 53 of 2003) as amended by t he B -BBEE Act 46 of 2013 for implementation with immediate effect.
Optomechanical coupling between two optical cavities: cooling of a micro-mirror and parametric normal mode splitting
Creators: name: Kumar, Tarun
name: Bhattacherjee, Aranya B
name: ManMohan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a technique aimed at cooling a harmonically oscillating mirror mechanically coupled to another vibrating mirror to its quantum mechanical ground state. Our method involves optmechanical coupling between two optical cavities. We show that the cooling can be controlled by the mechanical coupling strength between the two movable mirrors, the phase difference between the mechanical modes of the two oscillating mirrors and the photon number in each cavity. We also show that both mechanical and optical cooling can be achieved by transferring energy from one cavity to the other. We also analyze the occurrence of normal-mode splitting (NMS). We find that a hybridization of the two oscillating mirrors with the fluctuations of the two driving optical fields occurs and leads to a splitting of the mechanical and optical fluctuation spectra.
description: 10 pages
Physiological mechanisms of dyspnoea in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease and the role of hyperoxia as an exercise intervention
Creators: name: Schaeffer, Michele Rebecca
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Problem: Dyspnoea is a common and debilitating symptom in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). Unfortunately, there are no therapies that consistently reduce exertional dyspnoea in this population. Hyperoxia is a potential intervention to acutely address many of the pathophysiological mechanisms thought to be associated with dyspnoea and exercise intolerance in fibrotic ILD. However, additional research is needed to clarify the role and specific physiological and perceptual effects of hyperoxia during exercise in these patients. Methods: Study 1: Twenty fibrotic ILD patients performed two symptom limited constant work-rate cycle exercise tests at 75% of peak work-rate while breathing room air or hyperoxia, in randomized order. Ventilatory responses as well as both the intensity and qualitative dimensions of dyspnoea were measured throughout exercise. Study 2: Fourteen patients with fibrotic ILD completed an incremental cycle exercise test while breathing room air and two constant work-rate cycle exercise tests while breathing room air or hyperoxia. Diaphragmatic electromyography (EMGdi), a surrogate of neural respiratory drive (NRD), was measured with an oesophageal catheter. Neuromechanical uncoupling (NMU) was calculated as the ratio between EMGdi (% max) and tidal volume (% vital capacity). Dyspnoea intensity was recorded throughout exercise. Study 3: Sixteen patients with fibrotic ILD performed incremental and constant work-rate cycle exercise tests while breathing room air until exhaustion, wherein dyspnoea quality was evaluated throughout exercise. Conclusions: Study 1 demonstrated that hyperoxia results in clinically significant improvements in exercise tolerance, dyspnoea intensity, and dyspnoea quality. Study 2 found that dyspnoea intensity was more strongly associated with estimates of NRD than NMU during normoxic incremental cycling. However, improvements in dyspnoea intensity with hyperoxia were more strongly correlated with NMU than NRD. Study 3 showed increased work/effort was the dominant descriptor of dyspnoea throughout incremental and constant work-rate cycle exercise, but there was an increase in the selection of unsatisfied inspiration once further tidal volume expansion was constrained. Collectively, these results may contribute to the development and enhancement of symptom management in patients with ILD. In the context of rehabilitation, this may translate into improvements in patient outcomes from exercise training programs.
Andreev reflection at high magnetic fields: Evidence for electron and hole transport in edge states
Creators: name: Eroms, Jonathan
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: DeBoeck, J.
name: Borghs, G.
name: Zülicke, U.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We have studied magnetotransport in arrays of niobium filled grooves in an InAs/AlxGa1- xSb heterostructure. The critical field of up to 2.6 T permits one to enter the quantum Hall regime. In the superconducting state, we observe strong magnetoresistance oscillations, whose amplitude exceeds the Shubnikov�de Haas oscillations by a factor of about 2, when normalized to the background. Additionally, we find that above a geometry-dependent magnetic field value the sample in the superconducting state has a higher longitudinal resistance than in the normal state. Both observations can be explained with edge channels populated with electrons and Andreev-reflected holes.
Elderly gynaecological cancer patients at risk for poor end of life care: a population-based study from the Swedish Register of Palliative Care
Creators: name: Lindemann, K.
name: Martinsson, L.
name: Kaasa, S.
name: Lindquist, D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Introduction: Poorer end-of-life (EOL) care for elderly cancer patients has been reported. We assessed the impact of age on 13 indicators for the quality of EOL care as well as adherence to 6 national quality indicators in gynaecological cancer patients. Methods: Age-dependent differences in 13 palliative care quality indicators were studied in gynaecological cancer patients registered in the population-based Swedish Register of Palliative Care. Association between the patient’s age and each quality indicator was analyzed by logistic regression, adjusted for place of death where appropriate. Adherence to six national quality indicators determined by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare was estimated in all patients. Results: We included 3940 patients with the following age distribution: 1.6% were 18–39 years of age, 12.3% 40–59 years, 37.2% 60–74 years, 28.9% 75–84 years and 20% were ≥85 years. Age-dependent differences in implementation rate were present for some of the 13 quality indicators. Compared to elderly cancer patients, younger patients were more likely to be cared for by a specialized palliative care service, more often informed about imminent death as well as assessed for pain. For most national quality indicators, the goal level was not met. Only for the ‘on demand prescription for pain’, the goal level was reached. Conclusions: EOL care did not meet national quality indicators in this population-based data from Sweden, in particular in the elderly population. Elderly gynaecological cancer patients are at high risk of poorer EOL care without the involvement of specialized palliative care services. Palliative care services need to be implemented across all institutions of EOL care to ensure good and equal care.