cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evading the Few TeV Perturbative Limit in 3-3-1 Models
Creators: name: Dias, Alex G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some versions of the electroweak SU(3)$_L\otimesU(1)_X$ models cannot be treated within perturbation theory at energies of few TeV. An extended version for these models is proposed which is perturbative even at TeV scale posing no threatening inconsistency for test at future colliders. The extension presented here needs the addition of three octets of vector leptons, which leave three new leptonic isotriplets in the SU(2)$_L\otimesU(1)_Y$ subgroup. With this representation content the running of the electroweak mixing angle, $θ_W (μ)$, is such that $\sin^2θ_W(μ)$ decreases with the increase of the energy scale $μ$, when only the light states of the Standard Model group are considered. The neutral exotic gauge boson $Z^\prime$ marks then a new symmetry frontier.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, minor corrections
Additional file 2 of The evolutionarily conserved ESRE stress response network is activated by ROS and mitochondrial damage
Creators: name: Tjahjono, Elissa
name: McAnena, Aidan P.
name: Kirienko, Natalia V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Responses of mitochondrial surveillance pathway reporters to additional abiotic stressors. Summary of the activation of mitochondrial surveillance pathways after treatment with a panel of insults for 10 h, previously reported to activate ESRE. (−) indicates lack of response, plus (+), (++), or (+++) indicates weak, medium, or strong response, respectively. Three biological replicates with ~ 400 worms/replicate were analyzed. Responses were measured qualitatively.
Using Five Cards to Encode Each Integer in $\mathbb{Z}/6\mathbb{Z}$
Creators: name: Ruangwises, Suthee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Research in secure multi-party computation using a deck of playing cards, often called card-based cryptography, dates back to 1989 when Den Boer introduced the "five-card trick" to compute the logical AND function. Since then, many protocols to compute different functions have been developed. In this paper, we propose a new encoding scheme that uses five cards to encode each integer in $\mathbb{Z}/6\mathbb{Z}$. Using this encoding scheme, we develop protocols that can copy a commitment with 13 cards, add two integers with 10 cards, and multiply two integers with 14 cards. All of our protocols are the currently best known protocols in terms of the required number of cards. Our encoding scheme can be generalized to encode integers in $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ for other values of $n$ as well.
description: This paper has appeared at SecITC 2021
CoMIR: Contrastive Multimodal Image Representation for Registration
Creators: name: Pielawski, Nicolas
name: Wetzer, Elisabeth
name: Öfverstedt, Johan
name: Lu, Jiahao
name: Wählby, Carolina
name: Lindblad, Joakim
name: Sladoje, Nataša
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose contrastive coding to learn shared, dense image representations, referred to as CoMIRs (Contrastive Multimodal Image Representations). CoMIRs enable the registration of multimodal images where existing registration methods often fail due to a lack of sufficiently similar image structures. CoMIRs reduce the multimodal registration problem to a monomodal one, in which general intensity-based, as well as feature-based, registration algorithms can be applied. The method involves training one neural network per modality on aligned images, using a contrastive loss based on noise-contrastive estimation (InfoNCE). Unlike other contrastive coding methods, used for, e.g., classification, our approach generates image-like representations that contain the information shared between modalities. We introduce a novel, hyperparameter-free modification to InfoNCE, to enforce rotational equivariance of the learnt representations, a property essential to the registration task. We assess the extent of achieved rotational equivariance and the stability of the representations with respect to weight initialization, training set, and hyperparameter settings, on a remote sensing dataset of RGB and near-infrared images. We evaluate the learnt representations through registration of a biomedical dataset of bright-field and second-harmonic generation microscopy images; two modalities with very little apparent correlation. The proposed approach based on CoMIRs significantly outperforms registration of representations created by GAN-based image-to-image translation, as well as a state-of-the-art, application-specific method which takes additional knowledge about the data into account. Code is available at: https://github.com/MIDA-group/CoMIR.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures
The Effects of Well Management and the Nature of the Aquifer on Groundwater Resources
Creators: name: Huang, Qiuqiong
name: Liu, Yang
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Polasky, Stephen
name: Wang, Jingxia
name: Huang, Qiuqiong
name: Liu, Yang
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Polasky, Stephen
name: Wang, Jingxia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: community-based management
subject: connected community
subject: isolated community
subject: collective well management
subject: private well management

description: This paper examines how the nature of a common property resource affects the effectiveness of community-based management on resource conservation. We focus on groundwater management in rural China because there are different types of community-based groundwater management in different communities. In some communities wells are collectively owned and the community leader allocates water among households. In our paper we call this collective well management. In other communities wells are privately owned and households make their own pumping decisions. We call this private well management. In comparing the effects of different types of well management on the groundwater resource, unlike previous studies, we control for the nature of the aquifer. Communities are divided into two additional grouping based on the nature of the aquifer: connected communities whose aquifers are connected to neighboring communities due to lateral groundwater flows; and isolated communities that are hydrologically isolated. Results indicate that whether community-based management is adequate for resource conservation depends crucially on the nature of the aquifer. Empirical analysis using a unique set of household level data shows that households located in isolated communities use less water than households in connected communities, controlling for the type of well management. Furthermore, results show that in isolated communities households under collective well management use 20% less water than households under private well management. In connected communities, however, no difference in water use is observed between collective well management and private well management.
Prospects for the characterization of habitable planets
Creators: name: Mazevet, S.
name: Affholder, A.
name: Sauterey, B.
name: Bixel, A.
name: Apai, D.
name: Ferriere, R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With thousands of exoplanets now identified, the characterization of habitable planets and the potential identification of inhabited ones is a major challenge for the coming decades. We review the current working definition of habitable planets, the upcoming observational prospects for their characterization and present an innovative approach to assess habitability and inhabitation. This integrated method couples for the first time the atmosphere and the interior modeling with the biological activity based on ecosystem modeling. We review here the first applications of the method to asses the likelihood and impact of methanogenesis for Enceladus, primitive Earth, and primitive Mars. Informed by these applications for solar system situations where habitability and inhabitation is questionned, we show how the method can be used to inform the design of future space observatories by considering habitability and inhabitation of Earth-like exoplanets around sun-like stars.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Simulation of exceptional-point systems on quantum computers for quantum sensing
Creators: name: Waghela, Chetan
name: Dasgupta, Shubhrangshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been debate around applicability of exceptional points (EP) for quantum sensing. To resolve this, we first explore how to experimentally implement the nonhermitian non-diagonalizable Hamiltonians, that exhibit EPs, in quantum computers which run on unitary gates. We propose to use an ancilla-based method in this regard. Next, we show how such Hamiltonians can be used for parameter estimation using quantum computers and analyze its performance in terms of the Quantum Fisher Information ($QFI$) at EPs, both without noise and in presence of noise. It is well known that $QFI$ of a parameter to be estimated is inversely related to the variance of the parameter by the quantum Cramer-Rao bound. Therefore the divergence of the $QFI$ at EPs promise sensing advantages. We experimentally demonstrate in a cloud quantum architecture and theoretically show, using Puiseux series, that the $QFI$ indeed diverges in such EP systems which were earlier considered to be non-divergent.
description: This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in (AVS Quantum Sci. 6, 014403 (2024)) and may be found at (https://doi.org/10.1116/5.0172968)
Shear bands in materials processing: Understanding the mechanics of flow localization from Zener's time to the present
Creators: name: Viswanathan, Koushik
name: Yadav, Shwetabh
name: Sagapuram, Dinakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shear banding is a material instability in large strain plastic deformation of solids, where otherwise homogeneous flow becomes localized in narrow micrometer-scale bands. Shear bands have broad implications for materials processing and failure under dynamic loading in a wide variety of material systems ranging from metals to rocks. This year marks 75 years since the publication of Zener and Hollomon's pioneering work on shear bands which is widely credited with drawing the attention of the mechanics community to shear bands and related localization phenomena. There has since been significant experimental and theoretical investigation into the onset of shear banding. Yet, given the extremely small length and time scales associated with band development, several challenges persist in studying the evolution of single bands. Recent full-field displacement measurements, coupled with numerical modeling, have only begun to ameliorate this problem. This article summarizes our present understanding of plastic flow dynamics around single shear bands and the subsequent transition to fracture, with special applications to materials processing. We begin with a semi-historical look at some of Zener's early ideas on shear bands and discuss recent advances in experimental methods for mapping localized flow during band formation, including direct \emph{in situ} imaging as well as \emph{ex situ}/post-mortem analyses. Classical theories are revisited in the light of recently published experimental data. Shear bands exhibit a wealth of complex flow characteristics that bear striking resemblance to boundary layer phenomena in fluid flows. It is hoped that these will help further our understanding of shear band dynamics, the subsequent transition to fracture, and lead to practical `control' strategies for suppressing shear band-driven failures in processing applications.
description: 64 pages, 8 figures
Magnetic Structures and Spin-wave Excitations in Rare-Earth Iron Garnets near the Compensation Temperature
Creators: name: Mori, Michiyasu
name: Ziman, Timothy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a simple model for the ferrimagnetic non-collinear ``magnetic umbrella" states of rare-earth iron garnets (REIG), common when the rare-earth moments have non-zero orbital angular momentum. The spin-wave excitations are calculated within linear spin wave theory and temperature effects via mean-field theory. This could be used to determine the magnetic polarization of each mode and thereby the spin currents generated by thermal excitations including the effects of mixed chirality. The spectra reproduce essential features seen in more complete models, with hybridization between the rare earth crystal field excitations and the propagating mode on the iron moments. By the symmetry of the model, only one rare earth mode hybridizes, inducing a gap at zero wave number and level repulsion at finite frequency. At the compensation point, the hybridization gap closes and finally, as we approach the Néel temperature, the hybridization gap appears to reopen. The chirality of the lowest mode changes its sign around the frequency at which the level repulsion occurs. This is important to estimate the spin current generation in REIGs.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
Two-body light front wave functions from general AdS/QCD models
Creators: name: Vega, Alfredo
name: Contreras, Miguel Angel Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we consider an extension to the matching procedure proposed by Brodsky and de Teramond to obtain the two-body wave functions in the light-front formalism for holographic models. We compute the light-front wave function (LFWF) considering different static dilaton fields and AdS-like geometric deformations. We also prove that this procedure holds for general AdS/QCD models in asymptotically AdS geometries.
Ambiguous model learning made unambiguous with 1/f priors
Creators: name: Atwal, Gurinder Singh
name: Bialek, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: What happens to the optimal interpretation of noisy data when there exists more than one equally plausible interpretation of the data? In a Bayesian model-learning framework the answer depends on the prior expectations of the dynamics of the model parameter that is to be inferred from the data. Local time constraints on the priors are insufficient to pick one interpretation over another. On the other hand, nonlocal time constraints, induced by a $1/f$ noise spectrum of the priors, is shown to permit learning of a specific model parameter even when there are infinitely many equally plausible interpretations of the data. This transition is inferred by a remarkable mapping of the model estimation problem to a dissipative physical system, allowing the use of powerful statistical mechanical methods to uncover the transition from indeterminate to determinate model learning.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Value added of Cluster Membership for Micro Enterprises of the Handloom Sector in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Ali, Merima
name: Peerlings, Jack H.M.
name: Ali, Merima
name: Peerlings, Jack H.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: cluster
subject: micro enterprises
subject: propensity score matching
subject: handloom
subject: Africa
subject: Ethiopia.

description: By contrasting the performance of clustered micro enterprises with that of dispersed ones in the handloom sector in Ethiopia, this study shows that clustering significantly increases profit. To correct for selection bias, we match clustered and dispersed micro enterprises that share similar observable characteristics except for being clustered both in urban and rural areas. Results show that clustering is more profitable in urban than rural areas. It is also found that regional specific factors determining clustering of micro enterprises are different in urban and rural areas, highlighting the need to focus on local circumstances when formulating policies to promote clusters.
Prediction of Traffic Flow via Connected Vehicles
Creators: name: Mallah, Ranwa Al
name: Farooq, Bilal
name: Quintero, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a Short-term Traffic flow Prediction (STP) framework so that transportation authorities take early actions to control flow and prevent congestion. We anticipate flow at future time frames on a target road segment based on historical flow data and innovative features such as real time feeds and trajectory data provided by Connected Vehicles (CV) technology. To cope with the fact that existing approaches do not adapt to variation in traffic, we show how this novel approach allows advanced modelling by integrating into the forecasting of flow, the impact of the various events that CV realistically encountered on segments along their trajectory. We solve the STP problem with a Deep Neural Networks (DNN) in a multitask learning setting augmented by input from CV. Results show that our approach, namely MTL-CV, with an average Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) of 0.052, outperforms state-of-the-art ARIMA time series (RMSE of 0.255) and baseline classifiers (RMSE of 0.122). Compared to single task learning with Artificial Neural Network (ANN), ANN had a lower performance, 0.113 for RMSE, than MTL-CV. MTL-CV learned historical similarities between segments, in contrast to using direct historical trends in the measure, because trends may not exist in the measure but do in the similarities.
The Adoption of Bt-Maize - An Econometric Analysis
Creators: name: Consmuller, Nicola
name: Beckmann, Volker
name: Petrick, Martin
name: Consmuller, Nicola
name: Beckmann, Volker
name: Petrick, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: GMO crops
subject: Germany
subject: panel data analysis

description: In this study, we theoretically and empirically investigate the determinants of Bt maize adoption in German regions. Specifically, we ask how the regulatory framework, the farm structures as well as the socio-political environment of GM expansion in Germany have influenced regional adoption rates. Following a description of the relevant legal and economic framework in Germany, we develop theoretical hypotheses concerning regional variation in Bt-maize adoption and test them econometrically with unique data at the Federal States (Länder) and County (Landkreis) level. The study provides evidence that the adoption of Bt-maize in different regions is positively affected by the amount of maize grown per farm and by the European Corn Borer (ECB) infestation rates. There is also some evidence that the Bt-maize adoption is negatively affected by the activities of the anti-GMO movement and the establishment of GMO-free zones.
Discovery of the Near-IR Afterglow and of the Host of GRB 030528
Creators: name: Rau, A.
name: Greiner, J.
name: Klose, S.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Cerón, J. M. Castro
name: Hartmann, D. H.
name: Fruchter, A.
name: Levan, A.
name: Tanvir, N. R.
name: Gorosabel, J.
name: Hjorth, J.
name: Zeh, A.
name: Yoldaş, A. Küpcü
name: Beaulieu, J. P.
name: Donatowicz, J.
name: Vinter, C.
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Kann, D. A.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Masetti, N.
name: Møller, P.
name: Palazzi, E.
name: Pian, E.
name: Rhoads, J.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
name: Heuvel, E. P. J. van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapid dissemination of an arcmin-sized HETE-2 localization of the long-duration X-ray flash GRB 030528 led to a ground-based multi-observatory follow-up campaign. We report the discovery of the near-IR afterglow, and also describe the detection of the underlying host galaxy in the optical and near-IR bands. The afterglow is classified as "optically dark" as it was not detected in the optical band. The K-band photometry presented here suggests that the lack of optical detection was simply the result of observational limitations (lack of rapid and deep observations plus high foreground extinction). Simple power law fits to the afterglow in the K-band suggest a typically decay with a slope of alpha=1.2. The properties of the host are consistent with the idea that GRB hosts are star forming blue galaxies. The redshift of GRB 030528 can not be determined accurately, but the data favour redshifts less than unity. In addition, we present an optical and near-IR analysis of the X-ray source CXOU J170354.0--223654 from the vicinity of GRB 030528.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, A&A accepted
From imaginary to real chemical potential QCD with functional methods
Creators: name: Bernhardt, Julian
name: Fischer, Christian S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quality of the extrapolation procedure employed in Ref. [1] to extract the crossover line at real chemical potential from lattice data at imaginary potential. To this end we employ a functional approach that does not suffer from the sign problem. We utilize a well-studied combination of lattice Yang--Mills theory with a truncated set of Dyson--Schwinger equations in Landau gauge for $2 + 1$ quark flavors. This system predicts a critical endpoint at moderate temperatures and rather large (real) chemical potential with a curvature of the pseudo-critical transition line comparable to recent lattice extrapolations. We determine the light quark condensate and chiral susceptibility at imaginary chemical potentials and perform an analytic continuation along the lines described in [1]. We find that the analytically continued crossover line agrees very well (within one percent) with the explicitly calculated one for chemical potentials up to about 80 % of the one of the critical end point. The method breaks down in the region where the chiral susceptibility as a function of the condensate cannot any longer be well described by a polynomial.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures; v2: version published in EPJA; data for figures in ancillary files
Plane curves and contact geometry
Creators: name: Ng, Lenhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R42; 53D12, 53D40

description: We apply contact homology to obtain new results in the problem of distinguishing immersed plane curves without dangerous self-tangencies.
description: 10 pages, v2: corrected misstatement about loops of plane curves
Demonstrating repetitive non-destructive readout (RNDR) with SiSeRO devices
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Tanmoy
name: Herrmann, Sven
name: Orel, Peter
name: Donlon, Kevan
name: Prigozhin, Gregory
name: Morris, R. Glenn
name: Cooper, Michael
name: LaMarr, Beverly
name: Malonis, Andrew
name: Allen, Steven W.
name: Bautz, Marshall W.
name: Leitz, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate so-called repetitive non-destructive readout (RNDR) for the first time on a Single electron Sensitive Readout (SiSeRO) device. SiSeRO is a novel on-chip charge detector output stage for charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors, developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. This technology uses a p-MOSFET transistor with a depleted internal gate beneath the transistor channel. The transistor source-drain current is modulated by the transfer of charge into the internal gate. RNDR was realized by transferring the signal charge non-destructively between the internal gate and the summing well (SW), which is the last serial register. The advantage of the non-destructive charge transfer is that the signal charge for each pixel can be measured at the end of each transfer cycle and by averaging for a large number of measurements ($\mathrm{N_{cycle}}$), the total noise can be reduced by a factor of 1/$\mathrm{\sqrt{N_{cycle}}}$. In our experiments with a prototype SiSeRO device, we implemented nine ($\mathrm{N_{cycle}}$ = 9) RNDR cycles, achieving around 2 electron readout noise (equivalent noise charge or ENC) with spectral resolution close to the fano limit for silicon at 5.9 keV. These first results are extremely encouraging, demonstrating successful implementation of the RNDR technique in SiSeROs. They also lay foundation for future experiments with more optimized test stands (better temperature control, larger number of RNDR cycles, RNDR-optimized SiSeRO devices) which should be capable of achieving sub-electron noise sensitivities. This new device class presents an exciting technology for next generation astronomical X-ray telescopes requiring very low-noise spectroscopic imagers. The sub-electron sensitivity also adds the capability to conduct in-situ absolute calibration, enabling unprecedented characterization of the low energy instrument response.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (JATIS). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2208.01082
Recent Progress on Electrical Excitation and Manipulation of Spin-Waves in Spin Hall Nano-Oscillators
Creators: name: Li, Liyuan
name: Chen, Lina
name: Liu, Ronghua
name: Du, Youwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin waves (SWs), the collective precessional motion of spins in a magnetic system, have been proposed as a promising alternative system with low-power consumption for encoding information. Spin Hall nano-oscillator (SHNO), a new-type spintronic nano-device, can electrically excite and control spin waves in both nanoscale magnetic metals and insulators with low damping by the spin current due to spin Hall effect. Here, we will review recent progress about spin-wave excitation and experimental parameters dependent spectrum in SHNOs. The nanogap SHNOs based on in-plane magnetization Py/Pt exhibits a nonlinear self-localized bullet soliton localized at the center of the gap between the electrodes and a secondary high-frequency mode which coexists with the primary bullet mode at higher currents. While in the nanogap SHNOs with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), besides both nonlinear bullet soliton and propagating spin-wave mode are achieved and controlled by varying the external magnetic field and current, the magnetic bubble skyrmion mode also can be excited at a low in-plane magnetic field. These SW modes show thermal-induced mode hopping behavior at high temperature due to the coupling between modes mediated by thermal-magnon-mediated scattering. Moreover, thanks to PMA-induced effective field, a single coherent mode also can be achieved without applying an external magnetic field. The strong nonlinear effect of spin-waves makes SHNOs easy to achieve synchronization with external microwave signals or mutual synchronization between multiple oscillators with improving the coherence and power of oscillation modes significantly. Spin-waves in SHNOs with an external free magnetic layer have a wide range of applications from as a nanoscale signal source of low-power consumption magnonic devices to spin-based neuromorphic computing systems in the field of artificial intelligence.
description: 33 pages, 9 figures, Review article
International Commodity Organizations and Governance of Global Value Chains
Creators: name: Burger, Kees
name: Daviron, Benoit
name: Flores, Vanessa
name: Burger, Kees
name: Daviron, Benoit
name: Flores, Vanessa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: global governance
subject: global value chain
subject: commodities
subject: development

description: International commodity Organizations can play a role in reducing transaction costs between producer and consumer. The current organisations do this partly through statistics and collecting and disseminating market information, undertaking projects and convening meetings. Of a traditional focus on the international part of the trade chain they must extend to the whole chain, until the natural resources on the producer side and treatment of waste on the consumer side. This requires more capacity, stronger mandate and more intensive cooperation for the organisations mutually and with UNCTAD, FAO and the World Bank. The representatives of the governments now play the role of administrators and representatives of the industry. They should be customers, guard the public goods and lend a voice to those not yet represented. Lowering of the operation costs brings advantages for consumer and producer. This last group profits especially if she has few alternatives and this justifies the existence of intergovernmental organisations aimed at crops of the poor.
Interactive Oracle Proofs of Proximity to Algebraic Geometry Codes
Creators: name: Bordage, Sarah
name: Lhotel, Mathieu
name: Nardi, Jade
name: Randriam, Hugues
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we initiate the study of proximity testing to Algebraic Geometry (AG) codes. An AG code $C = C(\mathcal{X}, \mathcal{P}, D)$ over an algebraic curve $\mathcal{X}$ is a vector space associated to evaluations on $\mathcal{P}$ of functions in the Riemann-Roch space $L_\mathcal{X}(D)$. The problem of testing proximity to an error-correcting code $C$ consists in distinguishing between the case where an input word, given as an oracle, belongs to $C$ and the one where it is far from every codeword of $C$. AG codes are good candidates to construct short proof systems, but there exists no efficient proximity tests for them. We aim to fill this gap. We construct an Interactive Oracle Proof of Proximity (IOPP) for some families of AG codes by generalizing an IOPP for Reed-Solomon codes introduced by Ben-Sasson, Bentov, Horesh and Riabzev, known as the FRI protocol. We identify suitable requirements for designing efficient IOPP systems for AG codes. Our approach relies on a neat decomposition of the Riemann-Roch space of any invariant divisor under a group action on a curve into several explicit Riemann-Roch spaces on the quotient curve. We provide sufficient conditions on an AG code $C$ that allow to reduce a proximity testing problem for $C$ to a membership problem for a significantly smaller code $C'$. As concrete instantiations, we study AG codes on Kummer curves and curves in the Hermitian tower. The latter can be defined over polylogarithmic-size alphabet. We specialize the generic AG-IOPP construction to reach linear prover running time and logarithmic verification on Kummer curves, and quasilinear prover time with polylogarithmic verification on the Hermitian tower.
description: Published version with two additional authors
Additional file 1 of The evolutionarily conserved ESRE stress response network is activated by ROS and mitochondrial damage
Creators: name: Tjahjono, Elissa
name: McAnena, Aidan P.
name: Kirienko, Natalia V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Expression of ESRE endogenous genes were increased upon treatment with rotenone. Expression of a panel of ESRE genes in wild type N2 worms were measured at 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h upon treatment with 50 μM rotenone. Fig. S2.spg-7(RNAi) did not activate the ESRE reporters. (A) Quantification of GFP fluorescence for 3XESRE::GFP, Phsp-6::GFP, Ptbb-6::GFP, and Phsp-16.1::GFP reporters after being reared for two days on empty vector (EV) or spg-7(RNAi)-expressing E.coli. (B) Fluorescent images of C. elegans carrying the ESRE native reporter (Phsp-16.1::GFP) after 10 h treatment with a panel of mitochondria-damaging agents. Three biological replicates with ~ 400 worms/replicate were analyzed. Error bars represent SEM. p-values were determined from Student’s t-test. All fold changes were normalized to EV control. NS: not significant, *** p
On effective descent $\mathcal V$-functors and familial descent morphisms
Creators: name: Prezado, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18N10, 18F20, 18D20, 18B50, 18A25, 18A35

description: We study effective descent $ \mathcal V $-functors for cartesian monoidal categories $ \mathcal V $ with finite limits. This study is carried out via the properties enjoyed by the $2$-functor $ \mathcal V \mapsto \mathsf{Fam}(\mathcal V) $, results about effective descent of bilimits of categories, and the fact that the enrichment $2$-functor preserves certain bilimits. Since these results rely on an understanding of (effective) descent morphisms in $ \mathsf{Fam}(\mathcal V) $, we briefly study those epimorphisms when $ \mathcal V $ is a regular category.
description: 17 p
The Absorption Spectrum of High-Density Stellar Ejecta in the Line-of-Sight to Eta Carinae
Creators: name: Gull, T. R.
name: Vieira, G.
name: Bruhweiler, F.
name: Nielsen, K. E.
name: Verner, E.
name: Danks, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the high dispersion NUV mode of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to observe Eta Carinae, we have resolved and identified over 500 sharp, circumstellar absorption lines of iron-group singly-ionized and neutral elements with ~20 velocity components ranging from -146 km/s to -585 km/s. These lines are from transitions originating from ground and metastable levels as high as 40,000 cm-1 above ground. The absorbing material is located either in dense inhomogeneities in the stellar wind, the warm circumstellar gas immediately in the vicinity of Eta Carinae, or within the cooler foreground lobe of the Homunculus. We have used classical curve-of-growth analysis to derive atomic level populations for FeII at -146 km/s and for TiII at -513 km/s. These populations, plus photoionization and statistical equilibrium modeling, provide electron temperatures, Te, densities, n, and constraints on distances from the stellar source, r. For the -146 km/s component, we derive Te = 6400 K, n(H)>10e7 - 10e8 cm-3, and d ~1300 AU. For the -513 km/s component, we find a much cooler temperature, Te= 760 K, with n(H)> 10e7cm-3, we estimate d~10,000 AU. The large distances for these two components place the absorptions in the vicinity of identifiable ejecta from historical events, not near or in the dense wind of Eta Carinae. Further analysis, in parallel with obtaining improved experimental and theoretical atomic data, is underway to determine what physical mechanisms and elemental abundances can explain the large number of strong circumstellar absorption features in the spectrum of Eta Carinae.
description: 22 pages, Accepted ApJ Feb 10, 2005 issue
MAQOLLAR VA MATALLARNI TARJIMA QILISHDAGI O'ZIGA XOS JIHATLAR: "MEHROBDAN CHAYON" ASARI ASOSIDA
Creators: name: Sattorova, Oqila
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur maqola Abdulla Qodiriyning mashhur "Mehrobdan Chayon" asarida maqol va matallar tarjimasining o‘ziga xosligini tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlangan. Muallif, asarda o‘zbek tiliga xos maqol va matallarni qanday qilib jonli va ta'sirchan tarzda tarjima qilish orqali, ularning milliy madaniyat va adabiyotga qo‘shgan hissasini ochib beradi. Qodiriy, o‘z asarida xalq og‘zaki ijodi, jumladan maqol va matallardan foydalanishda, ularni nafaqat ma'nosiga mos ravishda, balki til va madaniyat xususiyatlarini saqlab qolishga harakat qilgan. Maqola, shuningdek, tarjima jarayonida tilning stilistik jihatlari, maqol va matallarning o‘ziga xos uslubi va ularning asosiy g‘oyalar bilan uyg‘unligini tahlil etadi. Muallif, Qodiriy ijodida maqollar va matallarni tarjima qilishning nozik jihatlari va o‘ziga xos metodlarini yoritib beradi, bu esa adabiy tarjimashunoslik va tilshunoslik sohalarida muhim ilmiy qiymatga ega.
The Weyl groupoids of $\mathfrak{sl}(m|n)$ and $\mathfrak{osp}(r|2n)$
Creators: name: Bonfert, Lukas
name: Nehme, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide a convenient formulation of the definition of Cartan graphs and Weyl groupoids introduced by Heckenberger and Schneider, and construct Cartan graphs for regular symmetrizable contragredient Lie superalgebras. For $\mathfrak{sl}(m|n)$, $\mathfrak{osp}(2m+1|2n)$ and $\mathfrak{osp}(2m|2n)$ we explicitly describe the Cartan graph in terms of partitions and determine the relations between the generators of their Weyl groupoids.
Understanding Foreign Direct Investment in the Southern African Development Community: An Analysis Based on Project-Level Data
Creators: name: Mhlanga, Nomathemba
name: Blalock, Garrick
name: Christy, Ralph D.
name: Mhlanga, Nomathemba
name: Blalock, Garrick
name: Christy, Ralph D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Foreign Direct Investment
subject: determinants
subject: Africa

description: This paper uses a uniquely rich project-level dataset to analyze determinants and trends of FDI flows to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. We control for the source of the investment, the sector in which the investment is undertaken, and the investment type in addition to project size. The results indicate market size to have a positive impact on FDI flows under all specifications- a result consistent with earlier studies. Other variables are unstable depending on specification and the subset of the data used. Furthermore, we find no significant differences in factors that drive FDI flows by source country, while greenfield investments are seen to respond more to the growth potential of the market relative to other forms of investment. In general, we find macroeconomic variables to be poor at explaining project-level FDI in the region. The descriptive analysis of the data points us more in the direction of the gravity model, with factors such as colonial ties and proximity of the investing country appearing to matter. Limited flows and minimal sectoral diversity, calls for enhanced investment promotion and collaborative efforts among member states.
Triangulations of 3-dimensional pseudomanifolds with an application to state-sum invariants
Creators: name: Banagl, Markus
name: Friedman, Greg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57Q15, 57Q25, 57N80, 57M27

description: We demonstrate the triangulability of compact 3-dimensional topological pseudomanifolds and study the properties of such triangulations, including the Hauptvermutung and relations by Alexander star moves and Pachner bistellar moves. We also provide an application to state-sum invariants of 3-dimensional topological pseudomanifolds
description: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol4/agt-4-24.abs.html
Can Bt Technology Reduce Poverty Among African Cotton Growers? An Ex Ante Analysis of the Private and Social Profitability of Bt Cotton Seed in Mozambique.
Creators: name: Pitoro, Raul
name: Walker, Thomas S.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Boughton, Duncan
name: De Marrule, Higino Francisco
name: Pitoro, Raul
name: Walker, Thomas S.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Boughton, Duncan
name: De Marrule, Higino Francisco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Bt cotton
subject: social profitability
subject: poverty reduction
subject: Mozambique

description: This paper presents an ex ante analysis of the private and social profitability of the introduction of Bt cotton for a major cotton producing area of northern Mozambique. Cotton is especially relevant to rural poverty reduction because smallholders often have few alternative cash earning activities, and yields are among the lowest in Africa. Multivariate regression is used to quantify the relationship between pest control and yield loss at farm level as a basis for estimating the expected yield gain from the introduction of Bt cotton. Partial budget analysis of technical packages with and without Bt cotton seed reveals a strong divergence between private (negative) and social (positive) profitability. The Mozambique case indicates that effective bio-safety and legal frameworks may be a necessary but not sufficient condition for Bt cotton technology adoption and poverty reduction. Policy changes to align private and social profitability of cotton production with Bt seed, as well as complementary improvements in crop management, especially timely planting and weed control, are also necessary for Bt technology to change the fortunes of Mozambican cotton growers. With improved policy and technology in place the adoption of Bt cotton varieties could result in a sizeable reduction in poverty as measured by the predicted change in squared poverty gap.
Actor-based Risk Analysis for Blockchains in Smart Mobility
Creators: name: Mallah, Ranwa Al
name: Farooq, Bilal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blockchain technology is a crypto-based secure ledger for data storage and transfer through decentralized, trustless peer-to-peer systems. Despite its advantages, previous studies have shown that the technology is not completely secure against cyber attacks. Thus, it is crucial to perform domain specific risk analysis to measure how viable the attacks are on the system, their impact and consequently the risk exposure. Specifically, in this paper, we carry out an analysis in terms of quantifying the risk associated to an operational multi-layered Blockchain framework for Smart Mobility Data-markets (BSMD). We conduct an actor-based analysis to determine the impact of the attacks. The analysis identified five attack goals and five types of attackers that violate the security of the blockchain system. In the case study of the public permissioned BSMD, we highlight the highest risk factors according to their impact on the victims in terms of monetary, privacy, integrity and trust. Four attack goals represent a risk in terms of economic losses and one attack goal contains many threats that represent a risk that is either unacceptable or undesirable.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1904.11908 by other authors
Additional file 1 of Bioassay and molecular monitoring of insecticide resistance status in Aedes albopictus populations from Greece, to support evidence-based vector control
Creators: name: Balaska, Sofia
name: Fotakis, Emmanouil A.
name: Kioulos, Ilias
name: Grigoraki, Linda
name: Mpellou, Spyridoula
name: Chaskopoulou, Alexandra
name: Vontas, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used in this study for regular and real-time PCR. Table S2. Genotype and allele frequencies of the CHS-1 locus 1043, Greece. Table S3. Genotype and allele frequencies of the CHS-1 locus 1043, other countries.
TAʻLIM TIZIMIGA INNOVATSIYALARNI JORIY QILISHNING NAZARIY ASOSLARI
Creators: name: Temirov, A.A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur maqolada taʻlim tizimidagi innovatsiyalar va yangicha innovatsion yondashuvlar asosida ta’lim sifatini oshirishga qaratilgan tadqiqotlarning tahlili hamda hukumatimiz tomonidan innovatsion ta’lim texnologiyalarini joriy etishga qaratilgan qonun va qarorlar keltirilgan.
Public expenditures and agricultural productivity growth in Ghana
Creators: name: Benin, Samuel
name: Mogues, Tewodaj
name: Cudjoe, Godsway
name: Randriamamonjy, Josee
name: Benin, Samuel
name: Mogues, Tewodaj
name: Cudjoe, Godsway
name: Randriamamonjy, Josee
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: Agricultural Development
subject: Ghana
subject: Public Spending and Investments

description: Using district- and regional-level public expenditure data and household-level production data, this paper estimates the agricultural productivity returns to different types of public expenditure across various agro-ecological zones of Ghana. The results reveal that provision of various public goods and services in the agricultural, education, health and rural roads sectors have substantial impact on agricultural productivity. A one percent increase in public spending on agriculture is associated with a 0.15 percent increase in agricultural labor productivity, with a benefit-cost ratio of 16.8. Spending on feeder roads ranks second (with a benefit-cost ratio of 5), followed by health (about one hundredth of the value). Formal education was negatively associated with agricultural productivity. The estimated marginal effects and returns differ for the four agro-ecological zones. Implications are drawn for prioritizing additional or future public resources.