Rhinolophus inops K Andersen 1905
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus inops

description: 83. Philippine Forest Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> <i>Rhinolophus inops</i> French: <i>Rhinolophe de Mindanao</i> / <b>German</b>: Philippinen-Hufeisennase/ <b>Spanish</b>: Herradura de Mindanao Taxonomy. <i>Rhinolophus inops</i> K Andersen, 1905, “ Mt. Apo, at Jodaya, Mindanao, 4000 feet [= 1219 m],” Philippines. <i>Rhinolophus inops</i> is included in the <i>euryotis</i> species group. Along with <i>R. subrufus,</i> it may be closely related to the <i>R. arcuatus</i> species complex, based on genetic data (the specimens used in <i>recent</i> genetic <i>analyses</i> were not differentiated from <i>R. subrufus). Rhinolophus inops</i> is rather variable throughout its distribution and may represent a species complex; further studies are needed. Monotypic. Distribution. Philippines (Luzon, Polillo, Mindoro, Catanduanes, Samar, Negros, Cebu, Leyte, Biliran, Camiguin, and Mindanao Is). Descriptive <b>notes.</b> <i>Head—body c</i>. 55—70 mm, tail 17-27 mm, ear 21-3-28- 5 mm, hindfoot 11—18- 5 mm, forearm 49-57 mm; weight 10-19- 6 g. Dorsal pelage is deep dark brown or slightly reddish brown, and ventral pelage is usually a litde paler. Ears are medium-sized to large. Noseleaf has moderately high lancet with straight sides; <i>connecting</i> process is strongly arcuate with nearly semicircular outline, and is covered in sparse stiff hairs; sella is approximately ovate in oudine or nearly parallel-sided (the holotype has peculiar and highly modified sella that is shaped into small triangular pouch with downward-turned opening); horseshoe is <i>wide</i> (<i>c</i>. 13 mm), completely covering the muzzle, and has a deep median emargination. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is <i>relatively</i> strong (zygomatic breadth is greater than mastoid breadth); anterior median and lateral swellings are well developed; posterior swellings are less developed; sagittal crest is strong to very strong; frontal depression is conspicuous and moderately or very deep (especially proximally); supraorbital crests are well developed, strong, and thick. C1 is moderately developed; P2 is medium-sized and within tooth row; P3 is small to <i>rarely</i> medium-sized, and is external to tooth row; P2 and P4 are usually touching. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 58 and FN = 60 (Leyte). Habitat. Primary and secondary lowland and montane forest, including mossy forests, at elevations from sea level up to 2250 m. Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bats appear to be less abundant at higher elevations and are usually absent from agricultural and heavily disturbed areas, although they have <i>occasionally</i> been found in disturbed forest and orchards. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. The Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat feeds on a variety of insects, particularly favoring Lepidoptera and Diptera. Breeding. Females give birth to a single young. <b>Activity patterns.</b> Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bats appear to roost in caves and perhaps hollow trees. Call shape is FM/CF/FM with a mean peak frequency of 55-1 kHz. <b>Movements, Home range and Social</b> organization. Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bats form large colonies, <i>occasionally</i> with Arcuate Horseshoe Bats (<i>R. arcuatus)</i> and Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bats (. <i>virgo).</i> <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Least Concern on <i>The IUCN Red List.</i> The Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat is widespread and common. The species has <i>probably</i> undergone declines due to habitat destruction, <i>but</i> its overall population still appears to be large. <b>Bibliography.</b> Csorba et <i>al.</i> (2003), <i>Heaney</i> (1991), <i>Heaney</i>, Balete, Dolar et al. (1998), <i>Heaney</i>, Balete, Gee et al. (2005), <i>Heaney</i>, Balete &amp; Rickart (2016), <i>Ingle</i> &amp; Heaney (1992), Ong, <i>Rosell-Ambal</i>, Tabaranza, Heaney, Sedlock <i>et</i> al. (2008), Patrick et al. (2013), Philip (2008), Rickart, <i>Heaney</i> et al. (1993), Rickart, Mercier (1999), <i>Sedlock</i> (2001), Sedlock, Krüger &amp; Clare (2014), Sedlock, Weyandt <i>et</i> al. (2008).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on pages 319-320, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525