cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Application of nutritional marketing tools in press advertisements
Creators: name: Rejman, Krystyna
name: Walkowska, Sylwia
name: Halicka, Ewa
name: Rejman, Krystyna
name: Walkowska, Sylwia
name: Halicka, Ewa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food
subject: nutrition and health claims
subject: nutritional marketing
subject: advertisement
subject: magazines

description: In chosen periodicals of the food industry and so-called “women’s press,” food advertisements containing nutritional marketing messages were analysed. The frequency and type of these tools was observed and scientific value and correctness was evaluated. The study results show that most of the advertisements do not comply with current legal regulations. Producers often emphasize the presence of ingredients which are recommended from the nutritional point of view although the product’s overall nutritional value is low or controversial.
Kita Ezo yoshi : ichimei Taraika Orrokko kikō
北蝦夷餘誌 : 一名陀羅伊加遠呂津古記行
Creators: name: Matsuura, Takeshirō, 1818-1888
Publisher: name: Edo : Harimaya Katsugorō and eleven others of Edo and Ōsaka
Year: 2020

Abstract
title: Revolutionieren Kryptowährungen die Zahlungssysteme?
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Blocher, Walter
name: Hanl, Andreas
name: Michaelis, Jochen
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: Blockchain
Distributed Ledger Technology
Cryptocurrency
Bitcoin
Kryptowährung
Payment System
Economics
Wirtschaft
digital Currency
Zahlungssystem
Digitalwährung

description: Die Entstehung von Kryptowährungen wie dem Bitcoin hat die Finanzwelt nach der Krise 2007ff. gehörig in Aufruhr versetzt. Einzelne Stimmen sprechen gar von der Möglichkeit der Abschaffung des Bargeldes. Dieser Beitrag zeigt erstens, ob und inwieweit Kryptowährungen das Bargeld tatsächlich verdrängen können, zweitens, inwieweit sie unbare Zahlungssysteme verändern werden, und drittens, welche Hürden es auf dem Weg zu einer breiteren Akzeptanz zu überwinden gilt. Vorab wird die Reaktion des Finanzsektors auf das vielschichtige Phänomen der Distributed Ledger Technology („Blockchain“) beleuchtet.
title: Compliance Programs, Signaling and Firms’ International Coordination
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Herold, Daniel
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: Crime
Tone-at-the-top
Economics
Wirtschaft
Compliance

description: Fines imposed on firms for corporate infringements such as cartels re-
duce these infringement's profitability. When a manager knows when
a violation is unprofitable he can prevent violations committed by an
uninformed employee by investing in compliance programs (CPs). In-
vestments can be interpreted as signals. The paper shows that there
exists a separating equilibrium where high investments in CPs induce
the employee to obey the law. However, if CPs are too expensive the
signal is not credible. The manager can also show personal commit-
ment to compliance ('tone-at-the-top'). Coordination on an efficient
outcome will then be achievable if commitment is costly. Imposing
high, individual sanctions on the manager disturbs a firm's internal
coordination because he is unable to credibly signal that an infringe-
ment does not pay off for the firm. However, imposing sanctions on
the employee unambiguously deters violation.
Graph States as a Resource for Quantum Metrology
Creators: name: Shettell, Nathan
name: Markham, Damian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using highly entangled states, quantum metrology guarantees precision impossible with classical measurements. Unfortunately such states can be very susceptible to noise, and it is a great challenge of the field to maintain quantum advantage in realistic conditions. In this study we investigate the practicality of graph states for quantum metrology. Graph states are a natural resource for much of quantum information, and here we characterize their quantum Fisher information (QFI) for an arbitrary graph state. We then construct families of graph states which approximately achieves the Heisenberg limit, we call these states bundled graph states. We demonstrate that bundled graph states maintain a quantum advantage after being subjected to iid dephasing or finite erasures. This shows that these graph states are good resources for robust quantum metrology. We also quantify the number of n qubit stabilizer states that are useful as a resource for quantum metrology.
Changes in agricultural production in Poland after accession to the European Union
Creators: name: Roman, Michał
name: Nuszkiewicz, Krzysztof
name: Roman, Michał
name: Nuszkiewicz, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Polish agriculture
subject: crop and animal production
subject: the European Union
subject: the Common Agricultural Policy

description: The first part of the paper presents the issue of the Common Agricultural Policy and next it presents the development of Polish agriculture in the structures of the European Community. The paper presents the changes in the agrarian structure in Poland after the accession to the European Union. Special attention is paid to crop and livestock production.
D-branes in Melvin Background
Creators: name: Takayanagi, Tadashi
name: Uesugi, Tadaoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we discuss D-branes in the Melvin background and its supersymmetric generalizations. In particular we determine the D-brane spectra in these backgrounds by constructing their boundary states explicitly, where some of the D-branes are supersymmetric. The results sensitively depend on whether the value of magnetic flux in the Melvin background is rational or irrational. For the rational case the D-branes are regarded as the generalizations of fractional D-branes in abelian orbifolds ${\bf C^n/Z_N}$ of type II or type 0 string theory. For the irrational case we found a very limited spectrum. Since the background includes the nontrivial H-flux, the D-branes will provide interesting examples from the viewpoint of the noncommutative geometry.
description: Latex, 44 pages, 4 figures, v2: one figure added, position of figures moved, several points clarified, typos corrected and references added
title: Information Exchange in Retail Markets with Uncertainty about Downstream Costs
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Herold, Daniel
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: An information exchange between two producers selling independent prod-
ucts to the same retailer can have ambiguous effects on market efficiency and
surplus. When a retailer's costs are unobservable the producers may have
an incentive to communicate about their negotiations with that retailer. If
each producer is allowed to place one offer the producers will have no incen-
tive to exchange information. However, the retailer may communicate that
he refused the first offer to the other firm which subsequently might place a
lower offer. When one firm is allowed to place a second offer, two equilibria
involve communication between the producers. In a separating equilibrium
an information exchange ensures that agreement will always be found. In a
hybrid equilibrium, the likelihood that agreement is found is less likely.
title: Shopping hours and entry – An empirical anlysis of Aldi’s opening hours
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: de Haas, Samuel
name: Herold, Daniel
name: Schäfer, Jan Thomas
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: Coordination
Market Entry
Economics
Wirtschaft
Shopping hours
Retailing

description: Aldi, the biggest discounter in Germany, started to systematically extend shopping hours of its stores in 2016. We interpret the decision to extend opening hours of a specific Aldi store as entry into a new market. By using a novel data set containing the opening hours of nearly all German grocery retailers, we find that consumer and firm learning influence that decision. The presence of a nearby Aldi already opened longer increases the probability that a given Aldi extends its opening hours. However, if a nearby competitors store is short opened, the probability that Aldi extends opening hours decreases.
title: The Impact of Incentive Pay on Corporate Crime
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Herold, Daniel
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
incentive pay
corporate crime
moral hazard
cartels

description: This paper presents a moral hazard model analyzing the agent's
incentive to commit corporate crime. The principal can only observe
profits which the agent can increase by committing crime or exerting
effort. It is shown how different incentive contracts, i.e., thresholdlinear,
capped bonus and linear contracts, can be adjusted in order to
promote agent's law abiding behavior. Any adjustment implies a loss
in internal efficiency which decreases in individual sanctions imposed
on the agent.
The role of lymph node-derived lymphatic endothelial cells in immune modulation in the tumour microenvironment
Creators: name: Harris, Jennifer Nicole
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: lymphatic
tumour
immune

description: The lymphatic vasculature is a key player in progression of many cancers, with lymphangiogenesis at the primary tumour and tumour-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) associated with poor patient prognosis. As well as providing a highway for metastatic tumour cells, recent reports propose lymphatics as modulators of immunity, highlighting a need for greater understanding of immune regulation by lymphatics. The specific role of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in this context, particularly in TDLNs, is unknown. As TDLNs are immune hubs, yet anti-tumour immune responses are often ineffective, this thesis aimed to investigate functional changes to lymphatics in TDLNs and the role of TDLN-derived LECs in anti-tumour immunity. I hypothesised that factors from the tumour microenvironment alter functionality of TDLN-LECs from early stages of tumour development. I further hypothesised that these changes would promote immune tolerance, with this thesis exploring specific impact on dendritic cell (DC) mediated immunity. Using the B16-F10 melanoma model, this work confirmed expansion of TDLN-LECs prior to metastasis and demonstrated transcriptional reprogramming of immune-associated pathways in LECs isolated from early TDLNs. This was accompanied by differentially localized migratory DCs, clustered at lymphatic subcapsular sinuses. In vitro using co-culture assays revealed mature DCs undergo prolonged interactions with LECs conditioned with B16-F10 tumour-conditioned media, suggesting a change in the physical interactions occurring in vivo in early TDLNs. Additionally, we investigated possible mechanistic contributors, demonstrating using in vitro and in vivo blockade and knockout models, a role for lymphatic expressed Podoplanin in DC interactions and migration. Prolonged physical interactions were further found to facilitate antigen transfer from ovalbumin-loaded LECs to DCs yet inhibit DC priming of T-cells, with DCs found capable of acquiring TDLN-LEC archived antigen in vivo. These results show that in lymph nodes conditioned by factors derived from the tumour microenvironment, prolonged physical interactions between LECs and DCs impact DC migration and T-cell priming. As immune tolerance is a key feature of the tumour microenvironment, this work has highlighted lymphatics as key modulators of the anti-tumour immune response. Furthermore, this work provides new insight into lymphatic involvement during tumour development, identifying lymphatics as a potential target for early intervention therapies.
description: Medical Research Council funded studentship
MOESM1 of Education and lifestyle predict change in dietary patterns and diet quality of adults 55 years and over
Creators: name: Maree Thorpe
name: Milte, Catherine
name: Crawford, David
name: McNaughton, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1. The Wellbeing Eating and Exercise for a Long Life study participant recruitment flow diagram
title: German emigration via Bremen in the Weimar Republic (1920-1932)
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Lumpe, Christian
name: Lumpe, Claudia
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: migration accounting
Economics
Wirtschaft
Bremen
migratory outflows
skill level

description: This paper analyzes the oversea emigration of German passengers via the port of Bremen in the period of the Weimar Republic (1920–1932). We use a novel micro-dataset of digitalized passengers lists including about 181,000 emigrants as an estimation of the outflow of Germans from the German Reich. The descriptive analysis shows that the dataset is overall representative compared to official statistics except for the years 1924 and 1929 in which the data loss is huge. Furthermore, we deduce the skill level of the emigrating working population on the basis of information about occupations in the dataset. We find that male migrants had higher skills than female migrants and that South American countries attracted a relatively better skill distribution than the United States although the latter represented the main destination country for emigrants of any skill level in absolute numbers.
AI-optimized detector design for the future Electron-Ion Collider: the dual-radiator RICH case
Creators: name: Cisbani, E.
name: Del Dotto, A.
name: Fanelli, C.
name: Williams, M.
name: Alfred, M.
name: Barbosa, F.
name: Barion, L.
name: Berdnikov, V.
name: Brooks, W.
name: Cao, T.
name: Contalbrigo, M.
name: Danagoulian, S.
name: Datta, A.
name: Demarteau, M.
name: Denisov, A.
name: Diefenthaler, M.
name: Durum, A.
name: Fields, D.
name: Furletova, Y.
name: Gleason, C.
name: Grosse-Perdekamp, M.
name: Hattawy, M.
name: He, X.
name: van Hecke, H.
name: Higinbotham, D.
name: Horn, T.
name: Hyde, C.
name: Ilieva, Y.
name: Kalicy, G.
name: Kebede, A.
name: Kim, B.
name: Liu, M.
name: McKisson, J.
name: Mendez, R.
name: Nadel-Turonski, P.
name: Pegg, I.
name: Romanov, D.
name: Sarsour, M.
name: da Silva, C. L.
name: Stevens, J.
name: Sun, X.
name: Syed, S.
name: Towell, R.
name: Xie, J.
name: Zhao, Z. W.
name: Zihlmann, B.
name: Zorn, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Advanced detector R&D requires performing computationally intensive and detailed simulations as part of the detector-design optimization process. We propose a general approach to this process based on Bayesian optimization and machine learning that encodes detector requirements. As a case study, we focus on the design of the dual-radiator Ring Imaging Cherenkov (dRICH) detector under development as part of the particle-identification system at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC is a US-led frontier accelerator project for nuclear physics, which has been proposed to further explore the structure and interactions of nuclear matter at the scale of sea quarks and gluons. We show that the detector design obtained with our automated and highly parallelized framework outperforms the baseline dRICH design within the assumptions of the current model. Our approach can be applied to any detector R&D, provided that realistic simulations are available.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
A first step in the nuclear inverse Kohn-Sham problem: from densities to potentials
Creators: name: Accorto, G.
name: Brandolini, P.
name: Marino, F.
name: Porro, A.
name: Scalesi, A.
name: Colò, G.
name: Roca-Maza, X.
name: Vigezzi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear Density Functional Theory (DFT) plays a prominent role in the understanding of nuclear structure, being the approach with the widest range of applications. Hohenberg and Kohn theorems warrant the existence of a nuclear Energy Density Functional (EDF), yet its form is unknown. Current efforts to build a nuclear EDF are hindered by the lack of a strategy for systematic improvement. In this context, alternative approaches should be pursued and, so far, an unexplored avenue is that related to the inverse DFT problem. DFT is based on the one-to-one correspondence between Kohn-Sham (KS) potentials and densities. The exact EDF produces the exact density, so that from the knowledge of experimental or {\it ab initio} densities one may deduce useful information through reverse engineering. The idea has already been proven to be useful in the case of electronic systems. The general problem should be dealt with in steps, and the objective of the present work is to focus on testing algorithms to extract the Kohn-Sham potential within the simplest ansatz from the knowledge of the experimental neutron and proton densities. We conclude that while robust algorithms exist, the experimental densities present some critical aspects. Finally, we provide some perspectives for future works.
Provenance-based computing
Creators: name: Carata, Lucian
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: provenance
whole-system tracing
causality models
latency attribution
root-cause analysis

description: Relying on computing systems that become increasingly complex is difficult: with many factors potentially affecting the result of a computation or its properties, understanding where problems appear and fixing them is a challenging proposition. Typically, the process of finding solutions is driven by trial and error or by experience-based insights. In this dissertation, I examine the idea of using provenance metadata (the set of elements that have contributed to the existence of a piece of data, together with their relationships) instead. I show that considering provenance a primitive of computation enables the exploration of system behaviour, targeting both retrospective analysis (root cause analysis, performance tuning) and hypothetical scenarios (what-if questions). In this context, provenance can be used as part of feedback loops, with a double purpose: building software that is able to adapt for meeting certain quality and performance targets (semi-automated tuning) and enabling human operators to exert high-level runtime control with limited previous knowledge of a system's internal architecture. My contributions towards this goal are threefold: providing low-level mechanisms for meaningful provenance collection considering OS-level resource multiplexing, proving that such provenance data can be used in inferences about application behaviour and generalising this to a set of primitives necessary for fine-grained provenance disclosure in a wider context. To derive such primitives in a bottom-up manner, I first present Resourceful, a framework that enables capturing OS-level measurements in the context of application activities. It is the contextualisation that allows tying the measurements to provenance in a meaningful way, and I look at a number of use-cases in understanding application performance. This also provides a good setup for evaluating the impact and overheads of fine-grained provenance collection. I then show that the collected data enables new ways of understanding performance variation by attributing it to specific components within a system. The resulting set of tools, Soroban, gives developers and operation engineers a principled way of examining the impact of various configuration, OS and virtualization parameters on application behaviour. Finally, I consider how this supports the idea that provenance should be disclosed at application level and discuss why such disclosure is necessary for enabling the use of collected metadata efficiently and at a granularity which is meaningful in relation to application semantics.
description: CHESS Scholarship Scheme EPSRC
MOESM3 of Education and lifestyle predict change in dietary patterns and diet quality of adults 55â€‰years and over
Creators: name: Maree Thorpe
name: Milte, Catherine
name: Crawford, David
name: McNaughton, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. A list of the 52 food groups derived from the 111 items in the food frequency questionnaire
Conosia irrorata subsp. insularis Alexander, new subspecies
Creators: name: Alexander, C. P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1942
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tipulidae
Conosia
Conosia irrorata
Conosia irrorata insularis

description: 8. Conosia irrorata insularis, new subspecies. Similar to the typical form, differing as follows: Wings of male not conspicuously dilated opposite vein 2d A. Wing pattern in some specimens much heavier than in continental material, this being the case in the type. Male hypopygium with the gonapophyses much longer and stronger, heavily blackened. Caroline Islands: Ponape, Mt. Nanalaut, March 7, 1936, Z. Ono, holotype male, B. P. Bishop Museum collection; Ponape, Nipit-Ninoani, Jan. 13, 1938, Esaki, one male, Alexander collection; Ponape, Kolonia-Nat, Nov. 19, 1937, Esaki, one male, Kiushiu Imperial University collection; Ponape, March 14, 1936, Z. Ono, one male, B. P. Bishop Museum collection. Palau, Babelthaob [Babelthuap], Marukyoku [Melekiok], Feb. 23, 1936, Esaki, one male, Kiushiu Imperial University collection (paratypes)).
description: Published as part of Alexander, C. P., 1942, Diptera, Tipulidae of Guam, pp. 195-198 in Insects of Guam I, Honolulu. Hawaii :Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Bulletin, 172 on page 198, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174000
Far-infrared and submillimeter-wave conductivity in electron-doped cuprate La_{2-x}Ce_xCuO_4
Creators: name: Pimenov, A.
name: Pronin, A. V.
name: Loidl, A.
name: Tsukada, A.
name: Naito, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed far-infrared and submillimeter-wave conductivity experiments in the electron-doped cuprate La_{2-x}Ce_xCuO_4 with x = 0.081 (underdoped regime, T_c = 25 K). The onset of the absorption in the superconducting state is gradual in frequency and is inconsistent with the isotropic s-wave gap. Instead, a narrow quasiparticle peak is observed at zero frequency and a second peak at finite frequencies, clear fingerprints of the conductivity in a d-wave superconductor. A far-infrared conductivity peak can be attributed to 4Delta_0, or to 2Delta_0 + Delta_spin, where Delta_spin is the resonance frequency of the spin-fluctuations. The infrared conductivity as well as the suppression of the quasiparticle scattering rate below T_c are qualitatively similar to the results in the hole-doped cuprates.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures included
Risks and risk management in agriculture
Creators: name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: agriculture
subject: risks
subject: risk management

description: Agriculture has always been exposed to a wide spectrum of risks. But it is largely undisputed that farmers have faced growing risks in recent years. More volatile agricultural and input prices, climate change, ongoing discussions about the future of the Common Agricultural Policy, increasing difficulty in finding qualified farm workers, and growing criticism of modern intensive agriculture from the wider public and the mass media are just a few of the risks farmers have to cope with. Therefore, risk management has become highly relevant in agriculture. In this paper, we highlight the need for systematic risk management and outline a systematic agricultural risk management approach. Empirical results illustrate farmers’ risk perceptions and their preferred risk management strategies.
Chiral Anomaly, Schwinger Effect, Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian, and application to axion inflation
Creators: name: Domcke, Valerie
name: Ema, Yohei
name: Mukaida, Kyohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle production in strong electromagnetic fields is a recurring theme in solid state physics, heavy ion collisions, early universe cosmology and formal quantum field theory. In this paper we discuss the Dirac equation in a background of parallel electric and magnetic fields. We review the Schwinger particle production rate, clarify the emergence of the chiral anomaly equation and compute the induced current of charged fermions. We distinguish the contributions from non-perturbative particle production, from the running of the gauge coupling constant and from non-linearities in the effective QED Lagrangian, and clarify how these contributions arise within a single framework. We apply these results to axion inflation. A Chern-Simons coupling between the pseudoscalar particle driving cosmic inflaton and an abelian gauge group induces a dual production of gauge fields and charged fermions. We show that the resulting scalar and gravitational wave power spectra strongly depend on the fermion mass.
description: 45 pages, 9 figures; v2: typos fixed, published version
Mongoma Westwood 1881
Creators: name: Alexander, C. P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1942
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Limoniidae
Mongoma

description: 9. Trentepohlia (Mongoma) guamensis (Alexander). Mongoma guamensis Alexander, Canad. Ent. 47: 83, 1915. Ritidian Pt., April 15, Bryan; ' ralofofo, Headwaters Plateau, June 18, Usinger; Yigo, Nov. 8, on rotten corn stalk, Swezey. Caroline Islands: Kusaie-Mt. Wakapp, Jan. 26, Z. Ono.
description: Published as part of Alexander, C. P., 1942, Diptera, Tipulidae of Guam, pp. 195-198 in Insects of Guam I, Honolulu. Hawaii :Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Bulletin, 172 on page 198, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174000
title: Identification of individuals and groups in a public goods experiment
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Christens, Sven
name: Dannenberg, Astrid
name: Sachs, Florian
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: identification
Economics
Wirtschaft
group decisions
public goods experiment
shame
face-to-face communication
cooperation
computer chat communication

description: Revealing the identities of contributors has been shown to increase cooperation in public goods games. In this paper we experimentally investigate whether this finding holds true when decisions are made by groups rather than individuals. We distinguish between groups in which members can discuss face-to-face to reach a decision and groups in which members communicate via computer chat. The results confirm the positive effect of identification on cooperation among individuals. For groups, however, we only find a small and temporary effect of identification, irrespective of the type of communication. The reason for this is that the sensitivity to others’ opinions plays an important role for individual decisions but not for group decisions.
Economic activity of older people in selected EU countries
Creators: name: Wasilewska, Ewa
name: Wasilewska, Ewa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: economic activity
subject: the age of retirement
subject: the employment rate

description: The paper presents an analysis of changes in activity of the population in older age people (50-64 years) in selected EU countries: Finland, Germany, the Netherlands and Estonia in the context of demographic aging. The study period covered the years 2000 to 2012. It was low participation of people aged 50+ in most European countries and the EU average. At the same time there was an increase in the labor market involvement of people in this age group in recent years. Also presented are examples of good practices used in those countries that have successfully improved the situation on the labor market, leading to an increase in employment of people around the age of retirement.
Understanding the Dynamics of Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
Creators: name: Strawbridge, Stanley Eugene
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Single Cell
Live Imaging
Pluripotency
2i
Rex1
Zfp42
Cell Cycle
Motility
Morphology
Kinetics
Division Symmetry
Synchronicity
Membrane Reporter
Genealogy
Lineage Tree
Data Science
Mouse
Naive
Cell Tracking
Rex1-GFPd2

description: The two defining features of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are self-renewal and naive pluripotency, the ability to give rise to all cell lineages in the adult body. In addition to being a unique and interesting cell type, pluripotent ES cells have demonstrated their potential for continued advancements in biomedical science. Currently, there is an improved understanding in the chemical signals and the gene regulatory network responsible for the maintenance of ES cells in the naive pluripotent state. However, less is understood about how ES cells exit pluripotency. My main aim is to study the dynamics and the factors affecting the irreversible exit from pluripotency. Expression of the reporter Rex1-GFPd2, which is inactivated upon exit from naive pluripotency, was analyzed by quantitative long-term single-cell imaging over many generations. This technique allowed chemical, physical, and genealogical information to be recorded during the transition to exit. Culture conditions that provided homogeneous populations were used in all assays and these data were validated against bulk-culture data where appropriate. Changes in real-time cell behavior were seen in cell-cell contact, motility, and cell-cycle duration. Undifferentiated ES cells form tightly joined colonies, with cells that exhibit low motility and a constant cell-cycle duration. Exit is associated with increasing cell motility, decreased cell-cell contact, and an acceleration in cell proliferation. The onset of exit is associated with a sudden and irreversible inactivation of the Rex1-GFPd2 reporter. This inactivation is asynchronous, as it occurs at different times and in different generations during ES cell differentiation. However, examination of daughter cells generated from the same mother revealed a high level of synchronicity. Further investigation revealed that high levels of correlation in cell-cycle duration and Rex1-GFPd2 expression exist between differentiating sister and cousin cells, providing strong evidence that cell potency is inherited symmetrically in cell divisions during exit $\textit{in vitro}$. How cells change fate is a fundamental question in developmental biology. Knowing the cellular dynamics during the transition out of naive pluripotency is important for harnessing the potential of ES cells and understanding how cell fate decisions are made during embryonic development. The quantification of the timing of exit from naive pluripotency coupled with identifiable changes in cellular behaviors, such as motility, cell size, and cell-cycle duration, enhances the understanding of how cell fate changes are regulated during directed differentiation.
description: Microsoft Research PhD Scholarship Programme
Wpływ reformy rynku cukru w Unii Europejskiej na wyniki handlu cukrem w Polsce
Creators: name: Artyszak, Arkadiusz
name: Artyszak, Arkadiusz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: reform of sugar market
subject: European Union
subject: foreign trade in sugar
subject: / reforma rynku cukru
subject: Unia Europejska
subject: handel zagraniczny cukrem

description: The article presents the changes in the foreign trade in sugar, sales quota and non-quota sugar and the quota sugar sales prices during 2004-2012 in Poland. The reform of the sugar market in the European Union in 2006 led to a significant deterioration in the balance of Polish foreign trade in this product in terms of value. Only since 2012 has improvement been observed. However, there is a growing negative balance in terms of volume. One of the main objectives of the reform, which was a significant reduction in sugar prices, was not achieved. Sales prices of sugar by sugar factory, after dropping in 2007-2010, began to increase. Planned in 2014, and now on hold for an indefinite term, the abolition of sugar production limits may cause temporary reduction in EU market prices, but growth in the long-term. This change will result in a further deterioration of the foreign trade balance for sugar in Poland, due to the higher cost of production of sugar from sugar beets than from cane. / Synopsis. Artykuł przedstawia zmiany w handlu zagranicznym cukrem, sprzedaży cukru kwotowego i pozakwotowego oraz ceny zbytu cukru kwotowego w latach 2004–2012 w Polsce. Reforma rynku cukru w Unii Europejskiej w 2006 r. spowodowała znaczne pogorszenie bilansu handlu zagranicznego Polski tym produktem w ujęciu wartościowym. Dopiero od 2012 r. obserwuje się poprawę sytuacji. Natomiast nasila się ujemny bilans w ujęciu ilościowym. Nie udało się osiągnąć jednego z podstawowych celów reformy, czyli znaczącego obniżenia cen cukru. Ceny sprzedaży cukru przez cukrownie po obniżeniu w latach 2007-2010, zaczęły wzrastać. Planowane w 2014 r., a obecnie przesunięte na nieokreślony termin, zniesienie limitów produkcji cukru może spowodować okresowe obniżenie jego cen na rynku Unii Europejskiej, ale w dłuższej perspektywie czasowej ich wzrost. Zmiana ta spowoduje także dalsze pogorszenie salda handlu zagranicznego cukrem w Polsce, ze względu na większe koszty produkcji cukru z buraka cukrowego niż z trzciny.
MOESM2 of Seeing red: towards an improved protocol for the identification of madder- and cochineal-based pigments by fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS)
Creators: name: Fonseca, Beatriz
name: Patterson, Catherine Schmidt
name: Ganio, Monica
name: MacLennan, Douglas
name: Trentelman, Karen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. FTIR spectra for substrate characterization of all synthesized pigments, including the pigments DYE15046 and DYE15047 from the GCI reference collection. All spectra have been vector normalized for comparison. Reference substrates have been synthesized without the dyestuff using recipes described in Table S.1. For simplicity, only characteristic bands of the references are marked for comparison. (A) Pigments with alumina substrates with varying amounts of carbonate (amorphous hydrated form) and sulfate (light hydrated form); (B) Pigments with calcium carbonate as the main substrate component; (C) Pigments containing wool protein in the alumina substrate; (D) Carmine pigments with little or no substrate similar to pure carminic acid except for the C=O stretch band at 1720 cm−1, which is absent [2, 41, 42].
Pct1 regulates phosphatidylcholine synthesis in response to changes in surface curvature elastic stress sensed on the inner nuclear membrane
Creators: name: WEI, YU-CHEN
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: CCT
Pct1
Kennedy Pathway
PCYT1A
lipidomics
phosphatidylcholine
stored curvature elastic stress

description: Cell and organelle membranes consist of a complex mixture of phospholipids that determine their size, shape, and function. Among the distinct types of phospholipids found in membranes of living organisms, phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant. The rate-limiting step of the predominant pathway for PC synthesis in eukaryotic cells is catalysed by the enzyme, CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α (CCTα or PCYT1A). CCTα has a critical role in lipid metabolism and also has direct clinical relevance as mutations in CCTα result in an interesting spectrum of human diseases, such as lipodystrophy with fatty liver, growth plate dysplasia and cone-rod related dystrophy. Numerous biochemical and structural studies on purified CCTα have revealed its membrane-bound activation and suggested that it acts as a lipid compositional sensor, yet the in vivo mechanism of how CCTα senses and regulates PC levels in membranes remains unclear. Here I show that in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pct1, the yeast homolog of CCTα, is intranuclear and translocates to the nuclear membrane in response to changes in membrane properties and the need for membrane PC synthesis. By aligning imaging with lipidomic analysis and data-driven modelling, Pct1 membrane association is demonstrated to correlate with membrane stored curvature elastic stress estimates. Furthermore, this process occurs inside the nucleus, although nuclear localization signal mutants can compensate for the loss of endogenous Pct1. These data suggest an ancient mechanism by which CCTα senses lipid packing defects and regulates phospholipid homeostasis from the nucleus. Additionally, I identified the importance of mammalian CCTα in early adipogenesis and investigated the enzymatic function of PCYT1A mutants in fibroblasts from lipodystrophic patients. The allele Val142Met is evaluated to be the main cause of loss-of-function in the compound heterozygous mutations by using yeast survival assay. These results collectively provide preliminary evidence for the pathogenicity of PCYT1A mutations in adipose tissue. From yeast to humans, this study uncovers the critical role of Pct1/CCTα in maintaining the internal membrane environment.
description: Cambridge Trust; Taiwan Ministry of Education Technologies Incubation Scholarship
The Potential of Differential Astrometric Interferometry from the High Antarctic Plateau
Creators: name: Lloyd, James P.
name: Oppenheimer, Ben R.
name: Graham, James R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low infrared background and high atmospheric transparency are the principal advantages of Antarctic Plateau sites for astronomy. However, the poor seeing (between one and three arcseconds) negates much of the sensitivity improvements that the Antarctic atmosphere offers, compared to mid-latitude sites such as Mauna Kea or Cerro Paranal. The seeing at mid-latitude sites, though smaller in amplitude, is dominated by turbulence at altitudes of 10 to 20 km. Over the Antarctic plateau, virtually no high altitude turbulence is present in the winter. The mean square error for an astrometric measurement with a dual-beam, differential astrometric interferometer in the very narrow angle regime is proportional to the integral of $h^2 C_N^2(h)$. Therefore, sites at which the turbulence occurs only at low altitudes offer large gains in astrometric precision. We show that a modest interferometer at the South Pole can achieve 10 $μ$as differential astrometry 300 times faster than a comparable interferometer at a good mid-latitude site, in median conditions. Science programs that would benefit from such an instrument include planet detection and orbit determination and astrometric observation of stars microlensed by dark matter candidates.
description: Accepted for publication in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
title: Middle Class in Iran: Oil Rents, Modernization, and Political Development
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Farzanegan, Mohammad Reza
name: Alaedini, Pooya
name: Azizimehr, Khayyam
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: Oil rents
Economics
Wirtschaft
Political institutions
Conflict
Middle class
ARDL model;
VAR model

description: This study probes the middle class in Iran in relation to oil rents and political development. We begin by discussing how the Iranian middle class has evolved through the 1979 Revolution and in the post-revolutionary period. We then empirically examine the relationships among per capita oil-rent shocks, the growth of the middle class, and the quality of political institutions as well as political conflict. We use annual time series data for 1965-2012 and employ a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model along with impulse response and variance decomposition analyses. According to our results, the middle class response to positive oil shocks is positive and significant. Yet, positive oil shocks and the growth of the middle class have contrary effects on the quality of political institutions in the short term—negative and positive respectively. This prompts us to employ a weighted measure of conflict, whose positive response to the growth of the middle class in Iran we then capture. These results are robust when controlling for other channels in the nexus of oil rents and middle class. The estimated Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models illustrated the long-run effects of oil rents on the size of middle class and long-run effects of both middle class and oil rents on conflict. Our findings hint at potential conflicts after oil shocks, whereby oil rents increase government’s control over political institutions but at the same time give impetus to the growth of the middle class that is in turn associated with political instability.
A Candidate M31/M32 Intergalactic Microlensing Event
Creators: name: Paulin-Henriksson, S.
name: Baillon, P.
name: Bouquet, A.
name: Carr, B. J.
name: Creze, M.
name: Evans, N. W.
name: Giraud-Heraud, Y.
name: Gould, A.
name: Hewett, P.
name: Kaplan, J.
name: Kerins, E.
name: Du, Y. Le
name: Melchior, A. -L.
name: Smartt, S. J.
name: Valls-Gabaud, D.
name: collaboration, the POINT-AGAPE
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a microlensing candidate projected 2'54" from the center of M32, on the side closest to M31. The blue color (R-I= 0.00 +/- 0.14) of the source argues strongly that it lies in the disk of M31, while the proximity of the line of sight to M32 implies that this galaxy is the most likely host of the lens. If this interpretation is correct, it would confirm previous arguments that M32 lies in front of M31. We estimate that of order one such event or less should be present in the POINT-AGAPE data base. If more events are discovered in this direction in a dedicated experiment, they could be used to measure the mass function of M32 up to an unknown scale factor. By combining microlensing observations of a binary-lens event with a measurement of the M31-M32 relative proper motion using the astrometric satellites SIM or GAIA, it will be possible to measure the physical separation of M31 and M32, the last of the six phase-space coordinates needed to assign M32 an orbit.
description: Submitted to ApJ Letters. 13 pages, 2 figures
Karafuto nikki. Ge
唐太日記下
Creators: name: Suzuki, Sakei.
Publisher: name: Edo : Harimaya Katsugorō, Ansei 7 [1860].
Year: 2020

description: Contents: シュシュヤ越山道の圖 Shushuya-goe yamamichi no zu (Map of Shushuya Pass), v. 1, leaf 6-7. Exploration by Suzuki in 1854.
Giant anisotropy of spin relaxation and spin-valley mixing in a silicon quantum dot
Creators: name: Zhang, Xin
name: Hu, Rui-Zi
name: Li, Hai-Ou
name: Jing, Fang-Ming
name: Zhou, Yuan
name: Ma, Rong-Long
name: Ni, Ming
name: Luo, Gang
name: Cao, Gang
name: Wang, Gui-Lei
name: Hu, Xuedong
name: Jiang, Hong-Wen
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Guo, Guo-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In silicon quantum dots (QDs), at a certain magnetic field commonly referred to as the "hot spot", the electron spin relaxation rate (T_1^(-1)) can be drastically enhanced due to strong spin-valley mixing. Here, we experimentally find that with a valley splitting of 78.2 ${\pm}$ 1.6 $μ$eV, this hot spot in spin relaxation can be suppressed by more than 2 orders of magnitude when the in-plane magnetic field is oriented at an optimal angle, about 9° from the [100] sample plane. This directional anisotropy exhibits a sinusoidal modulation with a 180° periodicity. We explain the magnitude and phase of this modulation using a model that accounts for both spin-valley mixing and intravalley spin-orbit mixing. The generality of this phenomenon is also confirmed by tuning the electric field and the valley splitting up to 268.2 ${\pm}$ 0.7 $μ$eV.
description: 13 pages and 4 figures for Manuscript, 17 pages and 7 figures for Supplementary material
MOESM3 of Hecaton: reliably detecting copy number variation in plant genomes using short read sequencing data
Creators: name: RaÃºl Y. Wijfjes
name: Smit, Sandra
name: Ridder, Dick De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 3 Supplementary Methods: Evaluating the performance of CNV detection tools using simulated data. Evaluating the performance of CNV detection tools using real data. Applying Hecaton to tomato data.