cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inconvenient Justice: The Struggle to "Close the Books" in Afghanistan and Nepal
Creators: name: Sajjad, Tazreena
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law

description: Inconvenient Justice argues for a more nuanced understanding of the dynamic "local" that goes beyond the realm of a cultural framework. Correspondingly, it suggests that conceptualization of the "local" needs to be problematized further to expose the tensions and hierarchies of and within the local, and to question whose version of the local is actually prioritized in transitional justice programming. Specifically it asserts that the local must be understood as an inter-subjective concept and that the "local" in transitional justice should be seen as a dynamic, evolving phenomenon. This research examines five specific areas, which it insists, are critical components defining the local: (i) the historical context within which "transitional justice" mechanisms are implemented; (ii) the limitations of, and opportunities for, local legal systems to engage with transitional justice questions; (iii) the internal/domestic and international politicking around the "transitional justice" discourse; iv) the importance of centrally placing the local to define justice; and, (v) as an illustration of the domestic struggle for long-term justice, the role of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) which link local voices to national and international platforms of decision-making and balance their role of advocating for human rights, while looking into past instances of abuses. Using a comparative case study approach, this research draws on one hundred and fifteen in-depth interviews conducted with international and national organizations, policy-makers, government officials, journalists, experts, and victims' groups in Kabul, Kathmandu, Washington D.C., and New York. It also incorporates participant observation, narrative research and analyses of reports, correspondence, press releases, agreements, bills, official texts, newspaper articles and petitions to provide an in-depth understanding of the complexities of the justice question in both these contexts.
Additional file 6 of Metabarcoding reveals distinct microbiotypes in the giant clam Tridacna maxima
Creators: name: Guibert, Isis
name: Lecellier, Gael
name: Torda, Gergely
name: Pochon, Xavier
name: Berteaux-Lecellier, Véronique
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Additional file 6. Relative abundance of Symbiodiniaceae subclades in Tridacna maxima determined by Illumina sequencing of the ITS2 DNA region (a) and the 23S rRNA gene (b). Abbreviations of experimental assemblages: PAT: P. damicornis, A. cytherea and T. maxima; AT: A. cytherea and T. maxima; T: T. maxima; 0: control; (1-3): experiment number; L: lagoon temperature; S: thermal stress; (1-4): sample number.
Galactic cannibalism and CDM density profiles
Creators: name: Nipoti, Carlo
name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Ciotti, Luca
name: Stiavelli, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using N-body simulations we show that the process of formation of the brightest cluster galaxy through dissipationless galactic cannibalism can affect the inner cluster dark matter density profile. In particular, we use as realistic test case the dynamical evolution of the galaxy cluster C0337-2522 at redshift z=0.59, hosting in its centre a group of five elliptical galaxies which are likely to be the progenitor of a central giant elliptical. After the formation of the brightest cluster galaxy, the inner cluster dark matter density profile is significantly flatter (logarithmic slope 0.49
description: 6 pages with 3 figures. Version accepted for publication in MNRAS. Longer than first version, with results from additional simulations. Conclusions unchanged
Embassies As Art Institutions: Symbols of Exchange
Creators: name: Scott, Kendra U.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: As most embassies are not public institutions that welcome audiences of any and all backgrounds, this study looks at the objectives that various embassies have in their participation in the arts. This research discusses the various ways embassies incorporate art into their missions, the criteria referenced in programming or exhibiting art, which art forms are often programmed and/or exhibited, and who are the audiences. This thesis explores the history of diplomacy and the evolution of cultural representation through the arts as a part of embassy missions. Understanding the role of the arts in U.S. and foreign embassies reveals the power and influence of the arts as well as the diverse and similar perceptions of arts held by different countries.
A coupled-circuit representation of IGBT module geometry for high di/dt switching applications
Creators: name: Rablah, Blake Kenton
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A coupled-circuit element representation of an IGBT module from Westcode Semiconductors Inc. has been developed, simulated, and experimentally confirmed at TRJUMF in Vancouver, BC. This model can be simulated in PSpice to predict the distribution of current within the IGBT module under high di/dt switching conditions. The goal of the simulations is to determine if the module is an acceptable candidate for implementation in a thyratron replacement switch for high-power pulse-power applications. The model developed has been shown to agree well with frequency domain measurements, and also with finite element method (FEM) simulations and boundary element method (BEM) simulations of the device.
HoloGen: An open source toolbox for high-speed hologram generation
Creators: name: Christopher, Peter J.
name: Kadis, Andrew
name: Gordon, George S. D.
name: Wilkinson, Timothy D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rise of mixed reality systems such as Microsoft HoloLens has prompted an increase in interest in the fields of 2D and 3D holography. Already applied in fields including telecommunications, imaging, projection, lithography, beam shaping and optical tweezing, Computer Generated Holography (CGH) offers an exciting approach to a wide range of light shaping problems. The numerical processing required to generate a hologram is high and requires significant domain expertise. This has historically slowed the adoption of holographic techniques in emerging fields. In this paper we present HoloGen, an open-source Cuda C and C ++ framework for computer generated holography. HoloGen unites, for the first time, a wide array of existing hologram generation algorithms with state of the art performance while attempting to remain intuitive and easy to use. This is enabled by a C # and Windows Presentation Framework (WPF) graphical user interface (GUI). A novel reflection based parameter hierarchy is used to ensure ease of modification. Extensive use of C ++ templates based on the Standard Template Library (STL), compile time flexibility is preserved while maintaining runtime performance. The current release of HoloGen unites implementations of well known generation algorithms including Gerchberg-Saxton (GS), Liu-Taghizadeh (LT), Direct Search (DS), Simulated Annealing (SA) and One-Step Phase-Retrieval (OSPR) with less known specialist variants including Weighted GS and Adaptive OSPR. Benchmarking results are presented for several key algorithms. The software is freely available under an MIT license.
Footprints of Super-GZK Cosmic Rays in the Pilliga State Forest
Creators: name: Anchordoqui, Luis
name: Goldberg, Haim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High energy cosmic ray data collected by the SUGAR Collaboration in the Pilliga State Forest have been re-analyzed using up-to-date shower simulations. Complete, inclined angle, Monte Carlo simulations reveal 2 events with energies in excess of $7\times 10^{19}$ eV at 95% CL, independent of the choice of hadronic interaction model and of chemical composition of the primary. An additional 3 events, with mean energy $\agt 7\times 10^{19}$ eV, were also re-analyzed in the same manner. A lower bound on the flux at the high end of the spectrum, as observed in the Southern sky, is presented on the basis of our analysis.
description: 7 pages revtex, 7 figures
Embassies As Art Institutions: Symbols of Exchange
Creators: name: Scott, Kendra U.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 47
subject: Language, communication and culture
classificationCode: 4702
subject: Cultural studies

description: As most embassies are not public institutions that welcome audiences of any and all backgrounds, this study looks at the objectives that various embassies have in their participation in the arts. This research discusses the various ways embassies incorporate art into their missions, the criteria referenced in programming or exhibiting art, which art forms are often programmed and/or exhibited, and who are the audiences. This thesis explores the history of diplomacy and the evolution of cultural representation through the arts as a part of embassy missions. Understanding the role of the arts in U.S. and foreign embassies reveals the power and influence of the arts as well as the diverse and similar perceptions of arts held by different countries.
The Lax conjecture is true
Creators: name: Lewis, Adrian S.
name: Parrilo, Pablo A.
name: Ramana, Motakuri V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A45; 90C25; 52A41

description: In 1958 Lax conjectured that hyperbolic polynomials in three variables are determinants of linear combinations of three symmetric matrices. This conjecture is equivalent to a recent observation of Helton and Vinnikov.
description: 7 pages, Proceedings to the AMS, to appear. Added background material
A new "deep-water" Chaetetopsis Species (Chaetetopsis favositiformis n. sp., Demospongiae) from the Plattenwald Bed (Mid-Cretaceous Garschella Formation, Vorarlberg, Austria)
Creators: name: Reitner, Joachim
name: Föllmi, Karl B.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 1991

description: research
Additional file 1 of The Nordic maintenance care program: maintenance care reduces the number of days with pain in acute episodes and increases the length of pain free periods for dysfunctional patients with recurrent and persistent low back pain - a secondary analysis of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Eklund, Andreas
name: Hagberg, Jan
name: Jensen, Irene
name: Leboeuf-Yde, Charlotte
name: Kongsted, Alice
name: Lövgren, Peter
name: Jonsson, Mattias
name: Petersen-Klingberg, Jakob
name: Calvert, Christian
name: Axén, Iben
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Pain trajectories around visits, difference in mean (adjusted) number of days with bothersome pain between groups (Control – MC, 0-7).
THE EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT DELAY AVOIDANCE ON HUMAN INEQUITY DECISIONS IN A MINI-ULTIMATUM GAME
Creators: name: Seaback, Caroline
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: When offered an inequitable money distribution from a proposer, the responder tends to reject the proposal, denying money to both. This primacy of punishing inequity over maximizing income did not appear in Jensen, Call and Tomasello's (2007) adaptation of this game to apes. Unlike humans, ape responders tended to accept inequitable distributions, thereby maximizing reward. This report adapts their ape procedure to humans. Over trials, the proposer offered a responder equitable or inequitable distributions of dimes. When responder rejection required one minute of inaction, responders tended to reject inequity. When rejection required three minutes of inaction, they tended to accept inequitable distributions. For the three-minute group, the number of rejections during the last five trials significantly exceeded those in the first five. These results show that humans will maximize if the cost of punishment is too high, and that the tendency to punish extinguishes over a session.
Additional file 5 of Metabarcoding reveals distinct microbiotypes in the giant clam Tridacna maxima
Creators: name: Guibert, Isis
name: Lecellier, Gael
name: Torda, Gergely
name: Pochon, Xavier
name: Berteaux-Lecellier, Véronique
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Additional file 5. Principal Component Analysis build from PICRUSt2 analysis on the bacterial communities of T. maxima according to the microbiotypes. M: microbiotypes, Md: dying clam microbiotype; 1-3: clam microbiotype number.
A possible counterexample to wellposedness of entropy solutions and to Godunov scheme convergence
Creators: name: Elling, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L65; 35L67, 76L05, 76H05, 76N10

description: A particular case of initial data for the two-dimensional Euler equations is studied numerically. The results show that the Godunov method does not always converge to the physical solution, at least not on feasible grids. Moreover, they suggest that entropy solutions (in the weak entropy inequality sense) are not well-posed.
Rhinopithecus Milne-Edwards 1872
Creators: name: Harding, Lee E.
name: Han, Lian-Xian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Cercopithecidae
Rhinopithecus

description: Rhinopithecus Milne-Edwards, 1872
 Semnopithecus Milne-Edwards, 1870:341.
 Type species Simia entellus Dufresne, 1797.
 Rhinopithecus Milne-Edwards, 1872:233, pls [Plates] XXXVI, XXXVII.
 Type species Semnopithecus roxellana MilneEdwards, 1870, by original designation.
 Pygathrix Groves, 1970:562.
 Type species Simia nemaeus L., by original designation.
 CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order Primates, suborder Haplorrhini, infraorder Simiformes, superfamily Cercopithecoidea, family Cercopithecidae, subfamily Colobinae, tribe Rhinopithecini. In addition to Rhinopithecus, this tribe includes the genera Pygathrix, Simias, and Nasalis. Rhinopithecus has 5 species: Rhinopithecus bieti (black-and-white snub-nosed monkey), R.roxellana (golden snub-nosed monkey), R. avunculus (Tonkin snub-nosed monkey), R. brelichi (gray snub-nosed monkey), and R. strykeri (black or Burmese snub-nosed monkey).
The key is based on metrics in Groves (1970), Smith and Xie (2008), and Geissmann et al. (2010).
1. Tail> 135% of head–body length……………………………2
Tail <135% ofhead–bodylength ……………………………3
 2. Body all black except for whitish mustache, chin hair, ear tufts, and perineal area.....….....….....…......…....... R. strykeri Black back, white face and underparts,…..…..…. R. avunculus
 3. Body mostly dark gray, lighter underparts with a chestnut band across chest.............................. R. brelichi Body either rufous to golden yellow or mostly black and white......................................................................................4
 4. Body rufous to golden yellow, blue face, hairs not elongated in ischial region........................................... R. roxellana Body with black, gray, and white pelage; long (200–210 mm) hairs in ischial region and upper thighs forming a fringe; whitish shoulders and thighs, white face except for pink lips.................................................................................... R. bieti.
description: Published as part of Harding, Lee E. & Han, Lian-Xian, 2018, Rhinopithecus bieti (Primates: Cercopithecidae), pp. 148-165 in Mammalian Species 50 (969) on pages 148-149, DOI: 10.1093/mspecies/sey016, http://zenodo.org/record/4573595
THE EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT DELAY AVOIDANCE ON HUMAN INEQUITY DECISIONS IN A MINI-ULTIMATUM GAME
Creators: name: Seaback, Caroline
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: When offered an inequitable money distribution from a proposer, the responder tends to reject the proposal, denying money to both. This primacy of punishing inequity over maximizing income did not appear in Jensen, Call and Tomasello's (2007) adaptation of this game to apes. Unlike humans, ape responders tended to accept inequitable distributions, thereby maximizing reward. This report adapts their ape procedure to humans. Over trials, the proposer offered a responder equitable or inequitable distributions of dimes. When responder rejection required one minute of inaction, responders tended to reject inequity. When rejection required three minutes of inaction, they tended to accept inequitable distributions. For the three-minute group, the number of rejections during the last five trials significantly exceeded those in the first five. These results show that humans will maximize if the cost of punishment is too high, and that the tendency to punish extinguishes over a session.
Canonical analysis of E$_{6(6)}(\mathbb{R})$ invariant five dimensional (super-)gravity
Creators: name: Kreutzer, L. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the canonical structure of the bosonic sector of the unique maximal supergravity theory in five dimensions that is manifestly invariant under the global action of E$_{6(6)}(\mathbb{R})$. Starting from the Lagrangian formulation of the theory we construct the Hamiltonian formulation and the full set of canonical constraints. We determine all gauge transformations and compute the algebra formed by the canonical constraints under the Poisson bracket. We re-derive the number of physical degrees of freedom and construct the extended Hamiltonian, describing the most general time evolution of the theory, where the full gauge freedom is manifest.
description: 30 pages, appendix D added, extended introduction and conclusion, references added
Exploring Educational Attainment and Returns to Education in Select Transition Economies
Creators: name: Selcuk, Sibel
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation brings together evidence on educational attainment in Bulgaria, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan and returns to education in Bulgaria, and explores schooling investment decisions through a qualitative study in Bulgaria. I extend the existing literature to transition economies and examine the trends in the context of countries' exposure to economic crisis years. Using intergenerational regressions and correlations of educational outcomes of children aged 16 to 20 in relation to parental education, I find that the correlation between children's and parents' education is positive and significant, supporting the earlier findings of the intergenerational mobility literature. I show that exposure to crisis coincided with changes in educational attainment for certain groups of children depending on parental education in Bulgaria and Tajikistan, and an appreciable gender gap in terms of persistence of educational outcomes in Bulgaria. With the grade-for-age trajectories, I demonstrate an increasing attainment gap between the children of poorly-educated parents compared to those of more highly-educated parents for children 12 years old and above. In the second part, I extend the previous work on returns to education by providing a comprehensive examination of the trends for women and men; different levels of education; and workers at different quantiles of the wage distribution to illustrate which groups are lagging behind in labor market outcomes. Estimating various specifications of the Mincer equation, with ordinary least squares and quantile regressions, I find that while average returns to education increased in Bulgaria in line with the international trends in returns to education, this period was also characterized by a greater disparity in returns to education between workers in lower and higher end of the quantiles of the wage distribution, as well as for different levels of education. In the last part, I explore what factors influence households' decisions to invest in children's education using qualitative data collected through fieldwork in Bulgaria in 2005. In line with the theoretical framework for schooling decisions, the interviews highlighted the importance of returns to education, ethnic background, gender and social capital in schooling investment decisions. They also revealed other possible factors, such as children's ability and quality of schooling.
The N=4 SYM Integrable Super Spin Chain
Creators: name: Beisert, Niklas
name: Staudacher, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it was established that the one-loop planar dilatation generator of N=4 Super Yang-Mills theory may be identified, in some restricted cases, with the Hamiltonians of various integrable quantum spin chains. In particular Minahan and Zarembo established that the restriction to scalar operators leads to an integrable vector so(6) chain, while recent work in QCD suggested restricting to twist operators, containing mostly covariant derivatives, yields certain integrable Heisenberg XXX chains with non-compact spin symmetry sl(2). Here we unify and generalize these insights and argue that the complete one-loop planar dilatation generator of N=4 is described by an integrable su(2,2|4) super spin chain. We also write down various forms of the associated Bethe ansatz equations, whose solutions are in one-to-one correspondence with the set of all one-loop planar anomalous dimensions in the N=4 gauge theory. We finally speculate on the non-perturbative extension of these integrable structures, which appears to involve non-local deformations of the conserved charges.
description: 25 pages, v2: discussion of developments in QCD improved, references added, minor corrections, v3: published version
Die Höhenlage des Eises des Gletscherlobus während der Formung des Stauchwalles von Arnheim (Niederlande)
Creators: name: Zanger, Frank Albert Peter De
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1980

description: Im Sommer 1977 wurde eine Untersuchung über das Auftreten von Kristallin-Geschieben (größer als 2 cm) skandinavischen Ursprungs auf dem Stauchwall von Arnheim durchgeführt. Auf diesem Höhenzug, der in der ältesten Phase des Drenthe-Stadiums (Saalien) durch das Inlandeis aufgestaucht wurde, sind bis ca. 70 m N.A.P. nordische Findlinge vorhanden. Es stellte sich heraus, daß auf den hohen Teilen des Stauchwalles keine nordischen erratischen Geschiebe vorkamen; man kann daraus schließen, daß nicht der ganze Stauchwall vom Eis eines Gletscherlobs überfahren worden ist, wie verschiedene Untersucher meinen. Der Stauchwall von Arnheim ist nur teilweise mit Eis von Gletscherzungen bedeckt gewesen. In den konsequenten Tälern sind nordische Geschiebe gefunden worden; es sieht danach aus, daß viele dieser Täler in der Anlage glazial und darum von saalezeitlichem Alter sind. Die Untersuchung auf dem Arnheimer Stauchwall macht eine Erklärung für die Erscheinung wahrscheinlich, daß auf bestimmten Stauchwällen (sowie der östliche Veluwe-Stauchwall) unterhalb eines bestimmten Niveaus mehr nordische Gesteine vorkommen als oberhalb. Dieser Erklärung nach ist die Dichte der Bestreuung mit nördlichen Erratica an eine gewisse Stauungsphase gebunden.
description: research
[O III]/[N II] as an Abundance Indicator at High Redshift
Creators: name: Pettini, Max
name: Pagel, Bernard E J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among `empirical' methods of estimating oxygen abundances in extragalactic HII regions, the use of the ratio of nebular lines of [O III] and [N II], first introduced by Alloin et al. in 1979, is reappraised with modern calibration data and shown to have certain advantages over R23 = ([O II] + [O III])/Hbeta and N2 = [NII] 6583/Halpha, particularly when applied to star-forming galaxies at high redshifts.
description: 5 pages including 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Relational particle models as toy models for quantum gravity and quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Anderson, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that substantial portions of both Newtonian particle mechanics and general relativity can be viewed as relational (rather than absolute) theories. I furthermore use the relational particle models as toy models to investigate the problem of time in closed-universe canonical quantum general relativity. I consider thus in particular the internal time, semiclassical and records tentative resolutions of the problem of time.
description: Talk at Einstein centenary conference, Paris. Minor update with references
Stealth dark matter and gravitational waves
Creators: name: Schaich, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present first results from ongoing lattice investigations into the finite-temperature dynamics of stealth dark matter, which adds to the standard model a new SU(4) gauge sector with four moderately heavy fundamental fermions. This work by the Lattice Strong Dynamics Collaboration builds on past studies of direct detection and collider searches for stealth dark matter, by analyzing the early-universe SU(4) confinement transition, which produces a stochastic background of gravitational waves if it is first order. In addition to delineating the parameter space in which a first-order transition is observed, I discuss the quantities we are analyzing in order to predict the resulting gravitational-wave spectrum.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of Lattice 2019, June 16--22, Wuhan, China
Corrections to Scaling in Random Resistor Networks and Diluted Continuous Spin Models near the Percolation Threshold
Creators: name: Janssen, Hans-Karl
name: Stenull, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate corrections to scaling induced by irrelevant operators in randomly diluted systems near the percolation threshold. The specific systems that we consider are the random resistor network and a class of continuous spin systems, such as the x-y-model. We focus on a family of least irrelevant operators and determine the corrections to scaling that originate from this family. Our field theoretic analysis carefully takes into account, that irrelevant operators mix under renormalization. It turns out that long standing results on corrections to scaling are respectively incorrect (random resistor networks) or incomplete (continuous spin systems).
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
Exploring Educational Attainment and Returns to Education in Select Transition Economies
Creators: name: Selcuk, Sibel
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics
classificationCode: 39
subject: Education

description: This dissertation brings together evidence on educational attainment in Bulgaria, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan and returns to education in Bulgaria, and explores schooling investment decisions through a qualitative study in Bulgaria. I extend the existing literature to transition economies and examine the trends in the context of countries' exposure to economic crisis years. Using intergenerational regressions and correlations of educational outcomes of children aged 16 to 20 in relation to parental education, I find that the correlation between children's and parents' education is positive and significant, supporting the earlier findings of the intergenerational mobility literature. I show that exposure to crisis coincided with changes in educational attainment for certain groups of children depending on parental education in Bulgaria and Tajikistan, and an appreciable gender gap in terms of persistence of educational outcomes in Bulgaria. With the grade-for-age trajectories, I demonstrate an increasing attainment gap between the children of poorly-educated parents compared to those of more highly-educated parents for children 12 years old and above. In the second part, I extend the previous work on returns to education by providing a comprehensive examination of the trends for women and men; different levels of education; and workers at different quantiles of the wage distribution to illustrate which groups are lagging behind in labor market outcomes. Estimating various specifications of the Mincer equation, with ordinary least squares and quantile regressions, I find that while average returns to education increased in Bulgaria in line with the international trends in returns to education, this period was also characterized by a greater disparity in returns to education between workers in lower and higher end of the quantiles of the wage distribution, as well as for different levels of education. In the last part, I explore what factors influence households' decisions to invest in children's education using qualitative data collected through fieldwork in Bulgaria in 2005. In line with the theoretical framework for schooling decisions, the interviews highlighted the importance of returns to education, ethnic background, gender and social capital in schooling investment decisions. They also revealed other possible factors, such as children's ability and quality of schooling.
Additional file 3 of Metabarcoding reveals distinct microbiotypes in the giant clam Tridacna maxima
Creators: name: Guibert, Isis
name: Lecellier, Gael
name: Torda, Gergely
name: Pochon, Xavier
name: Berteaux-Lecellier, Véronique
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Additional file 3. Rarefaction curves of sequences from the different microbiotypes (Md, M1, M2 and M3).
Ergebnisse paläomagnetischer Untersuchungen an quartären Sedimenten des Rhein-Main-Gebiets
Creators: name: Semmel, Arno
name: Fromm, Kurt
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1976

description: Als erste Ergebnisse der derzeit laufenden paläomagnetischen Untersuchungen im Rhein-Main-Gebiet werden die Befunde von einigen stratigraphisch bedeutenden Profilen mitgeteilt. Während die Remanenzwerte aus altpleistozänen Tonen der Kelsterbacher Terrasse mit einer Ausnahme revers sind, konnte im Autobahneinschnitt Abenheim (NW Worms) und im Lößprofil der Ziegeleigrube Bad Soden am Taunus der Übergang von reverser zu normaler Magnetisierung gefunden werden. Die Grenze zwischen Matuyama- und BRUNHES-Epoche liegt im Profil Bad Soden unter dem 6., das Jaramillo-Event unter dem 7. fossilen Bt-Horizont.
description: research
Lung epithelial cell responses to host defence peptide
Creators: name: Pistolic, Jelena
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: LL-37, the only cathelicidin family member of cationic host defence peptides in humans, has been shown to mediate multiple immunomodulatory effects and as such is thought to be an important component of innate immune responses. A growing body of evidence suggests that LL-37 affects lung mucosal responses to pathogens through altered regulation of cell migration, proliferation, wound healing, and cell apoptosis. The aforementioned functions are consistent with LL-37 playing a role in regulating lung epithelial inflammatory responses, a role that is, however, not yet clearly defined. The effect of LL-37 on cytokine and chemokine production and signalling regulation in airway epithelial cells were investigated here. In this report I demonstrated that LL-37 induced protein release and transcriptional up-regulation of IL-6 and GRO-a in airway epithelial cells. LL-37 stimulation activated NF-кB signalling, which was further demonstrated herein to robustly regulate production of IL-6 and GRO-a in airway epithelial cells.. With respect to receptor regulation, LL-37-stimulated IL-6 release was demonstrated to be regulated by EGFR and a G-protein coupled receptor, possibly FPRL-1. Furthermore, EGFR was shown to regulate LL-37-stimulated GRO-a. MAP kinase pathways mediated partial signalling regulation of both IL-6 and GRO-a release, while PI3K did not regulate this response. The evidence presented in this report shows that LL-37 is indeed a potent regulator of lung immune responses mediated through activation of multiple signalling pathways.
Stabilization of multimeric nitrilase via different immobilization techniques for hydrolysis of acrylonitrile to acrylic acid
Creators: name: Toprak, Ali
name: S. Seyhan Tükel
name: Yildirim, Deniz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Nitrilase (NLase) was covalently immobilized on modified Relizyme supports or adsorbed on montmorillonite K-10 or entrapped in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel. Although 80–90% of initial loaded protein was immobilized, however, unsatisfactory activity recoveries was obtained in both covalent immobilization and adsorption studies. Entrapping NLase in polyvinyl alcohol allowed us to obtain an immobilized NLase with 80% activity recovery and 100% initial protein recovery. The characterization studies showed that the free and entrapped NLase samples had both maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 30 °C. The free nitrilase completely lost its initial activity at 30 °C after 24 h pre-incubation. However, the entrapped NLase retained 60% of its initial activity under the same conditions. Acrylonitrile with a initial concentration of 0.1 M was all converted to acrylic acid by entrapped NLase in 30 min whereas the same yield was achieved by soluble enzyme in 60 min. The entrapped NLase retained 84% of its initial activity after 15 reuses for the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile. These results show that the entrapped NLase can be of great interest as a biocatalyst to synthesize acrylic acid under mild reaction conditions.
Analyzing Crop Revenue Safety Net Program Alternatives and Implications on Marketing Decisions
Creators: name: Jansen, Jim A.
name: Lubben, Bradley D.
name: Stockton, Matthew C.
name: Jansen, Jim A.
name: Lubben, Bradley D.
name: Stockton, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: agricultural policy
subject: commodity programs
subject: crop insurance
subject: farm bill
subject: marketing
subject: risk management

description: This study evaluates the crop revenue effects of combining federal farm income safety net programs, crop insurance policies, and marketing arrangements. Eight representative farms across Nebraska are used to stochastically simulate the financial impact of nine risk management strategies to determine the optimal outcome during the 2011 production year. Results indicate that, out of the set of predefined strategies, the portfolio combination involving the government program choice of the Direct and Counter­ Cyclical Program, crop revenue insurance with the fall harvest option, and hedging for the simulated time period provides the optimal outcome across the majority of representative farm scenarios.
Institutions and Poverty
Creators: name: Sembene, Daouda
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation analyzes the effects of institutions on poverty by developing an innovative framework for embedding institutions into poverty analysis. In doing so, it makes a clear distinction between economic and political institutions. It reaches a number of key conclusions. First, stronger economic institutions are found to have direct positive effects on the incidence and severity of poverty measured at either at $1.25 or $2 a day. Moreover, economic and political institutions are also found to reduce poverty by stimulating economic performance. In this regard, poverty rates are found to decline faster in countries with presidential systems because they register stronger economic performance than countries with parliamentary systems. Similarly, economic performance and poverty reduction are found to be more significant under proportional representation. Finally, this study finds no evidence that the types of political regimes and electoral systems affect differently poverty through public policy and corruption.
Fact: Many SCUBA galaxies harbour AGNs
Creators: name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Smail, I.
name: Blain, A. W.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Ivison, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep SCUBA surveys have uncovered a large population of ultra-luminous galaxies at z>1. These sources are often assumed to be starburst galaxies, but there is growing evidence that a substantial fraction host an AGN (i.e., an accreting super-massive black hole). We present here possibly the strongest evidence for this viewpoint to date: the combination of ultra-deep X-ray observations (the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North) and deep optical spectroscopic data. We argue that upward of 38% of bright (f850um>=5mJy) SCUBA galaxies host an AGN, a fraction of which are obscured QSOs (i.e., L_X>3x10^{44} erg/s). However, using evidence from a variety of analyses, we argue that in almost all cases the AGNs are not bolometrically important (i.e., <20%). Thus, star formation appears to dominate their bolometric output. A substantial fraction of bright SCUBA galaxies show evidence for binary AGN activity. Since these systems appear to be interacting and merging at optical/near-IR wavelengths, their super-massive black holes will eventually coalesce.
description: Invited contribution - 10 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the ESO/USM/MPE Workshop on "Multiwavelength Mapping of Galaxy Formation and Evolution", eds. R. Bender and A. Renzini
Institutions and Poverty
Creators: name: Sembene, Daouda
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: This dissertation analyzes the effects of institutions on poverty by developing an innovative framework for embedding institutions into poverty analysis. In doing so, it makes a clear distinction between economic and political institutions. It reaches a number of key conclusions. First, stronger economic institutions are found to have direct positive effects on the incidence and severity of poverty measured at either at $1.25 or $2 a day. Moreover, economic and political institutions are also found to reduce poverty by stimulating economic performance. In this regard, poverty rates are found to decline faster in countries with presidential systems because they register stronger economic performance than countries with parliamentary systems. Similarly, economic performance and poverty reduction are found to be more significant under proportional representation. Finally, this study finds no evidence that the types of political regimes and electoral systems affect differently poverty through public policy and corruption.
Inflation and Brane Gases
Creators: name: Brandenberger, Robert
name: Easson, Damien A.
name: Mazumdar, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a new way of realizing a period of cosmological inflation in the context of brane gas cosmology. It is argued that a gas of co-dimension one branes, out of thermal equilibrium with the rest of the matter, has an equation of state which can - after stabilization of the dilaton - lead to power-law inflation of the bulk. The most promising implementation of this mechanism might be in Type IIB superstring theory, with inflation of the three large spatial dimensions triggered by ``stabilized embedded 2-branes''. Possible applications and problems with this proposal are discussed.
description: 7 pages, uses REVTeX, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Shortcuts to Adiabatic Pumping in Classical Stochastic Systems
Creators: name: Funo, Ken
name: Lambert, Neill
name: Nori, Franco
name: Flindt, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adiabatic pumping is characterized by a geometric contribution to the pumped charge, which can be non-zero even in the absence of a bias. However, as the driving speed is increased, non-adiabatic excitations gradually reduce the pumped charge, thereby limiting the maximal applicable driving frequencies. To circumvent this problem, we here extend the concept of shortcuts to adiabaticity to construct a control protocol which enables geometric pumping well beyond the adiabatic regime. Our protocol allows for an increase, by more than an order of magnitude, in the driving frequencies, and the method is also robust against moderate fluctuations of the control field. We provide a geometric interpretation of the control protocol and analyze the thermodynamic cost of implementing it. Our findings can be realized using current technology and potentially enable fast pumping of charge or heat in quantum dots, as well as in other stochastic systems from physics, chemistry, and biology.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
An Evaluation of the USDA Sugar Production and Consumption Forecasts
Creators: name: Lewis, Karen E.
name: Manfredo, Mark R.
name: Lewis, Karen E.
name: Manfredo, Mark R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: 2008 Farm Bill
subject: efficiency
subject: forecast revisions
subject: sugar
subject: U.S. sugar policy

description: The performance of the USDA domestic sugar production and consumption forecasts for marketing years 1993/1994 through 2009/201 1 was evaluated. Using USDA sugar forecast information, U.S. sugar policy attempts to operate at no cost to the government by maintaining sugar prices above the government loan-rate. Results suggest no evidence that U.S. sugar policy is negatively impacted by the USDA sugar forecasts. New policies formed under the 2008 Farm Bill are not impaired by USDA sugar production and consumption forecasts. Overall, the results suggest that the USDA has done a respectable job of forecasting sugar production and consumption over the sample period.
Cocaine-induced conditioned taste aversions: Investigations of neurochemical mediation
Creators: name: Serafine, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Drugs of abuse have both rewarding and aversive effects, and it is the balance of these effects which impact abuse vulnerability. Although research has traditionally focused on the rewarding effects of drugs, their aversive effects have recently gained increasing attention. The present series of investigations sought to determine the neurochemical mediation underlying conditioned taste aversions (CTA) induced by cocaine. Given the role of dopamine (DA) in cocaine reward, this neurotransmitter system is of particular interest. The present experiments used direct pharmacological antagonism (with the DA antagonist haloperidol) as well as cross-drug preexposure (with DA transporter [DAT] inhibitor GBR 12909) to determine a role, if any, of DA in the induction of CTAs by cocaine. Following the determination of behaviorally active doses of haloperidol with no aversive effects on their own (Experiment 1), animals were given 1 mg/kg haloperidol prior to various doses of cocaine in a taste aversion procedure (Experiment 2). Under these conditions, haloperidol blocked cocaine-induced CTAs (at 18 and 32 mg/kg). In separate experiments, cocaine (18 mg/kg; Experiment 3) or GBR 12909 (32 mg/kg; Experiment 4 or 50 mg/kg; Experiment 5) was administered prior to aversion conditioning with cocaine (18 mg/kg) and GBR 12909 (32 mg/kg). Under these conditions, GBR 12909 (at 50 mg/kg only) blocked cocaine-induced CTAs but the reverse serial presentation did not result in significant cross-drug attenuation, indicating that the aversive properties of GBR 12909 and cocaine are similar, but not identical. Although these results indicate a role of DA in cocaine-induced CTAs, the extent to which each DA receptor subtype plays a role remains unknown. These results are discussed in the context of previous work demonstrating roles for both norepinephrine (NE) and possibly serotonin (5-HT) in cocaine-induced CTAs. The neurochemical mediation of cocaine's aversive effects was discussed in the context of the neurochemical mediation of cocaine reward and the implications for drug abuse.
Non-ergodic behaviour of clean Bose-Hubbard chains
Creators: name: Russomanno, Angelo
name: Fava, Michele
name: Fazio, Rosario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study ergodicity breaking in the clean Bose-Hubbard chain for small hopping strength. We see the existence of a non-ergodic regime by means of indicators as the half-chain entanglement entropy of the eigenstates, the average level spacing ratio, {the properties of the eigenstate-expectation distribution of the correlation and the scaling of the Inverse Participation Ratio averages.} We find that this ergodicity breaking {is different from many-body localization} because the average half-chain entanglement entropy of the eigenstates obeys volume law. This ergodicity breaking appears unrelated to the spectrum being organized in quasidegenerate multiplets at small hopping and finite system sizes, so in principle it can survive also for larger system sizes. We find that some imbalance oscillations in time which could mark the existence of a glassy behaviour in space are well described by the dynamics of a single symmetry-breaking doublet and {quantitatively} captured by a perturbative effective XXZ model. We show that the amplitude of these oscillations vanishes in the large-size limit. {Our findings are numerically obtained for systems with $L < 12$. Extrapolations of our scalings to larger system sizes should be taken with care, as discussed in the paper.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, extensively revised version published in Physical Review B, Eq. (21) in the correct form