Lithoglyptes Kolbasov & Newman, 2005, s.s.
Creators: name: Kolbasov, Gregory A.
name: Newman, William A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Pygophora
Lithoglyptidae
Lithoglyptes

description: Lithoglyptes s.s. Aurivillius, 1892   
(Figs. 1, 2)  
 Diagnosis: Lithoglyptinae having two­segmented caudal appendages plus pedestals, an operculum with a pair of posterior lobes (inconspicuous in L. indicus and L. ivanovi), opercular bars without long posterior projections or auricles, and a mantle without orificial knob or lateral bars.   
 Four of the 14 species attributed to Lithoglyptes s.l. are retained in Lithoglyptes s.s. They are the type, L. indicus Aurivillius, 1892; L. viatrix Grygier & Newman, 1985; L. tectoscrobis Grygier & Newman, 1985; and L. ivanovi Kolbasov, 1998. They are united by a common morphology such as their opercular bars lacking the long projections (Fig. 1 B, F, H, J). Such anteriorly or posteriorly hooked projections on the opercular bars are seen in species belonging to the new genera proposed herein (Figs. 3 A; 4 A; 5 A­D, E; 6 A, B). The opercular bars of three of the four species are armed with small, simple teeth and denticles (Figs. 1 B, H; 2 A, B), but in the fourth, L. ivanovi, they bear some bifid teeth (Fig. 1 J), a feature seen in the two new genera. The presence of short posterior or "carinal" lobes on the opercular bars is characteristic of L. viatrix and L. tectoscrobis (Fig. 1 B, F), the same area in L. indicus and L. ivanovi being marked by a patch of spines (Fig. 1 H, J). Lateral bars and/or an orificial knob are completely absent in the armament of the mantle in these four species (Figs. 1 A, F, H; 2 A).   
 A calcareous, “rostral” plate (Fig. 1 A, C), associated with the attachment disk cementing it to the substratum, was described for L. viatrix and L. tectoscrobis (Grygier & Newman 1985; Kolbasov 2000a). It is possible the other two species also have such a calcareous plate, but they would have to be removed mechanically from the substratum to find out. The caudal appendages of the species of this genus each consist of two segments supported by a pedestal on either side of the anus. The basal segment supports one or two setae and the terminal segment supports a tuft of four or more long, plumose setae at the distal end (Figs. 1 G, I, K; 2 G).   
The sac of mature dwarf males, known for some species, may possess lateral projections and a short, thick stalk between the body and the antennules (Fig. 1 E).  
 Surficial ultrastucture of L. viatrix was studied in detail utilizing SEM (Fig. 2). Rows of large multifid scales, common to most Acrothoracica (Smyth 1986; Kolbasov 1999 a, 2000b, 2000c, 2000d, 2000e; Kolbasov & Høeg 2000), occupy the lateral faces of the opercular area. Occasionally papillae and short setae (Fig. 2 B, C) occur between the large multifid scales. The cuticle of the area occupied by an orificial knob, when present, lacks teeth, setae or multifid scales (Fig. 2 A). Exposed cuticle of the attachment disk has rounded, transverse lines apparently corresponding to the growth lines of the calcareous plate (Fig. 2 D).   
 In Lithoglyptes s.s., as in all lithoglyptid species studied with SEM (Kolbasov 1999 a, 2000 a, 2000c, 2000d, 2000e; Kolbasov & Høeg 2000; Kolbasov, unpublished data), the surface of the sheets of cuticle forming the attachment disk are covered with dense, filiform structures arranged in irregular, transverse rows (Fig. 2 E, F) and it has been suggested they serve as passages for the secretion of cement (Kolbasov 1999a; Kolbasov & Høeg 2000).   
 Distribution: Representatives of the genus are found in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Sumatra, Java, Java Sea, Coral Sea, and Hawaii. Depth: subtidal zone (L. indicus and L. ivanovi) or at approximately 500 m (L. viatrix and L. tectoscrobis).   
 Hosts: Mainly in scleractinians such as Enallopsammia ampheloides and some undetermined corals. Also in Thais sp. and some undetermined molluscs.
description: Published as part of Kolbasov, Gregory A. & Newman, William A., 2005, Revision of the Lithoglyptidae sensu Tomlinson, 1969 and Lithoglyptes Aurivillius, 1892 (Cirripedia, Acrothoracica,), including a new species from Bermuda, pp. 35-64 in Zootaxa 1013 (1) on pages 41-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1013.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5049212