cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
When is Memorization of Irrelevant Training Data Necessary for High-Accuracy Learning?
Creators: name: Brown, Gavin
name: Bun, Mark
name: Feldman, Vitaly
name: Smith, Adam
name: Talwar, Kunal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern machine learning models are complex and frequently encode surprising amounts of information about individual inputs. In extreme cases, complex models appear to memorize entire input examples, including seemingly irrelevant information (social security numbers from text, for example). In this paper, we aim to understand whether this sort of memorization is necessary for accurate learning. We describe natural prediction problems in which every sufficiently accurate training algorithm must encode, in the prediction model, essentially all the information about a large subset of its training examples. This remains true even when the examples are high-dimensional and have entropy much higher than the sample size, and even when most of that information is ultimately irrelevant to the task at hand. Further, our results do not depend on the training algorithm or the class of models used for learning. Our problems are simple and fairly natural variants of the next-symbol prediction and the cluster labeling tasks. These tasks can be seen as abstractions of text- and image-related prediction problems. To establish our results, we reduce from a family of one-way communication problems for which we prove new information complexity lower bounds. Additionally, we present synthetic-data experiments demonstrating successful attacks on logistic regression and neural network classifiers.
title: Phase-driven phonological domains in Gayogo̲hó:nǫˀ
Creators: name: Hancock-Teed, J. Drew
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: This thesis presents a novel analysis of the long-standing debate on phonological domains within the Gayogo̲hó:nǫˀ verbal complex. Building from the Minimalist and Distributed Morphology frameworks and the Phonology by Phase approach, the analysis proposes that the phonological domains arise from a three portion phase-based syntax: a categorising vP phase, a VoiceP phase, and a CP phase, all linked to different phonological computations. In addition to providing a solution to a cross-Northern Iroquoian problem, this thesis contributes to the future study of that family by arguing for the first time for a categorising vP within the verbal complex. It is hoped that this work will prove useful for further research into word-internal phonological and semantic domains in Northern Iroquoian.
Keller-Hüschermenger, Max, Die Lehre der Kirche im frühreformatorischen Anglikanismus
Creators: name: Blum, Georg Günter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 21 Nr. 4 (1972): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 21, Heft 4
Upstream Pollution, Downstream Waste Disposal, and the Design of Comprehensive Environmental Policies
Creators: name: Walls, Margaret
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Walls, Margaret
name: Palmer, Karen L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: life-cycle externalities
subject: solid waste
subject: deposit-refund

description: Many environmentalists and policymakers are shifting their focus from media-specific pollution problems to product-specific, life-cycle environmental problems. In this paper, we develop a model of production and consumption that incorporates life-cycle environmental externalities-specifically, an upstream manufacturing byproduct, air or water pollution from manufacturing, and downstream solid waste disposal. We then use the model to derive optimal government policies to address all three externalities. We assume throughout that a Pigovian tax on waste disposal is precluded because of the potential for illegal dumping. We then examine four cases: one in which Pigovian taxes on the upstream externalities are feasible, one in which such taxes are infeasible, and two final cases in which the upstream pollutant is subject to one of two different types of regulatory standards. In general, we find that no single instrument can solve multiple problems, contrary to what some observers have suggested. However, we find that there are alternative ways of reaching the social optimum. We also discover that a so-called "integrated" approach to policy appears to be important, no matter what policy options are adopted. And finally, we find that there is only a limited role for product "life-cycle assessments"-enumerations of all of the resources used and pollutants emitted throughout an entire product life-cycle.
Intelligence and Learning in O-RAN for Data-driven NextG Cellular Networks
Creators: name: Bonati, Leonardo
name: D'Oro, Salvatore
name: Polese, Michele
name: Basagni, Stefano
name: Melodia, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Next Generation (NextG) cellular networks will be natively cloud-based and built upon programmable, virtualized, and disaggregated architectures. The separation of control functions from the hardware fabric and the introduction of standardized control interfaces will enable the definition of custom closed-control loops, which will ultimately enable embedded intelligence and real-time analytics, thus effectively realizing the vision of autonomous and self-optimizing networks. This article explores the disaggregated network architecture proposed by the O-RAN Alliance as a key enabler of NextG networks. Within this architectural context, we discuss the potential, the challenges, and the limitations of data-driven optimization approaches to network control over different timescales. We also present the first large-scale integration of O-RAN-compliant software components with an open-source full-stack softwarized cellular network. Experiments conducted on Colosseum, the world's largest wireless network emulator, demonstrate closed-loop integration of real-time analytics and control through deep reinforcement learning agents. We also show the feasibility of Radio Access Network (RAN) control through xApps running on the near real-time RAN Intelligent Controller, to optimize the scheduling policies of co-existing network slices, leveraging the O-RAN open interfaces to collect data at the edge of the network.
Additional file 1 of Reducing youth suicide: systems modelling and simulation to guide targeted investments across the determinants
Creators: name: Occhipinti, Jo-An
name: Skinner, Adam
name: Iorfino, Frank
name: Lawson, Kenny
name: Sturgess, Julie
name: Burgess, Warren
name: Davenport, Tracey
name: Hudson, Danica
name: Hickie, Ian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Detailed model structure, parameter estimates, and other numerical inputs of the North Coast PHN system dynamics model for suicide prevention and mental health services planning.
On the R-matrix realization of Yangians and their representations
Creators: name: Arnaudon, D.
name: Molev, A.
name: Ragoucy, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the Yangians Y(a) associated with the simple Lie algebras a of type B, C or D. The algebra Y(a) can be regarded as a quotient of the extended Yangian X(a) whose defining relations are written in an R-matrix form. In this paper we are concerned with the algebraic structure and representations of the algebra X(a). We prove an analog of the Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt theorem for X(a) and show that the Yangian Y(a) can be realized as a subalgebra of X(a). Furthermore, we give an independent proof of the classification theorem for the finite-dimensional irreducible representations of X(a) which implies the corresponding theorem of Drinfeld for the Yangians Y(a). We also give explicit constructions for all fundamental representation of the Yangians.
description: 65 pages
Additional file 1 of Geospatial analysis of determinants of neonatal mortality in Ghana
Creators: name: Dwomoh, Duah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Forest Certification: Toward Common Standards?
Creators: name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Aguilar, Francisco X.
name: Jawahar, Puja
name: Sedjo, Roger A.
name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Aguilar, Francisco X.
name: Jawahar, Puja
name: Sedjo, Roger A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: forest certification
subject: codes of conduct
subject: Forest Stewardship Council
subject: PEFC
subject: Sustainable Forestry Initiative
subject: sustainable forest management

description: The forestry industry provides a good illustration of the active roles that industry associations, environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), national governments, and international organizations can play in developing and promoting codes of conduct that are formally sanctioned and certified. It also reflects some of the challenges of disseminating codes of conduct in developing countries and ensuring market benefits from certification. We describe the emergence of forest certification standards, outline current certification schemes, and discuss the role of major corporations in creating demand for certified products. We also discuss the limited success of certification and some of the obstacles to its adoption in developing countries. The current diversity of forest certification programs and ecolabeling schemes has created a costly, less-than-transparent system that has been largely ineffective in terms of the initial goals of reducing tropical deforestation and illegal logging. Some steps have been taken toward harmonization of different certification criteria as well as endorsement and mutual recognition among existing forest certification programs. However, it is unlikely that standardization alone can overcome other, more serious barriers to certification in developing countries.
The Value of Information: A Background Paper on Measuring the Contribution of Space-Derived Earth Science Data to National Resource Management
Creators: name: MacAuley, Molly K.
name: MacAuley, Molly K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: value of information
subject: earth science
subject: natural resource economics

description: This study, prepared at the request of the Office of Earth Science at the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), describes a general framework for conceptualizing the value of information and illustrates how the framework might be used to value information from earth science data collected from space. The framework serves two purposes. One purpose is provision of a common basis by which to conduct and evaluate studies of the value of earth science information that serves a variety of uses, from improving environmental quality to protecting public health and safety. The second purpose is to better inform decision-makers about the value of data and information. Decision-makers comprise three communities: consumers and producers of information, public officials whose job is to fund productive investment in data acquisition and information development (including sensors and other hardware, algorithm design and software tools, and a trained labor force), and the public at large.
Additional file 1 of Management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a survey of Army orthopaedic surgeons
Creators: name: Nadig, Nischal
name: Dowd, Thomas
name: Huh, Jeannie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix A. Sample of Survey. A sample of the survey questionnaire provided to respondents.
The Benefits and Costs of Environmental Information Disclosure: What Do We Know About Right-to-Know?
Creators: name: Beierle, Thomas C.
name: Beierle, Thomas C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: disclosure
subject: Toxics Release Inventory
subject: risk management planning
subject: materials accounting
subject: Sector Facility Indexing Project
subject: right-to-know

description: Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, the Environmental Protection Agency and other government agencies removed information from their websites that they feared could invite attacks on critical public and private infrastructure. Accordingly, the benefits and costs of environmental information disclosure programs have come under increasing scrutiny. This paper provides a framework for examining these benefits and costs, and illustrates the framework through three brief case studies of information disclosure programs: risk management planning, materials accounting, and the Sector Facility Indexing Program. The paper closes by using these three cases to outline what we know and still need to find out about information disclosure programs.
The sensitivity of stellar feedback to IMF averaging versus IMF sampling in galaxy formation simulations
Creators: name: Smith, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy formation simulations frequently use Initial Mass Function (IMF) averaged feedback prescriptions, where star particles are assumed to represent single stellar populations that fully sample the IMF. This approximation breaks down at high mass resolution, where stochastic variations in stellar populations become important. We discuss various schemes to populate star particles with stellar masses explicitly sampled from the IMF. We use Monte Carlo numerical experiments to examine the ability of the schemes to reproduce an input IMF in an unbiased manner while conserving mass. We present our preferred scheme which can easily be added to pre-existing star formation prescriptions. We then carry out a series of high resolution isolated simulations of dwarf galaxies with supernovae, photoionization and photoelectric heating to compare the differences between using IMF averaged feedback and explicitly sampling the IMF. We find that if supernovae are the only form of feedback, triggering individual supernovae from IMF averaged rates gives identical results to IMF sampling. However, we find that photoionization is more effective at regulating star formation when IMF averaged rates are used, creating more, smaller H II regions than the rare, bright sources produced by IMF sampling. We note that the increased efficiency of the IMF averaged feedback versus IMF sampling is not necessarily a general trend and may be reversed depending on feedback channel, resolution and other details. However, IMF sampling is always the more physically motivated approach. We conservatively suggest that it should be used for star particles less massive than $\sim500\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures, published MNRAS. Minor alterations to reflect published version
Semileptonic B Decays and Determination of |Vub|
Creators: name: Morii, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semileptonic decays of the B mesons provide an excellent probe for the weak and strong interactions of the bottom quark. The large data samples collected at the B Factories have pushed the experimental studies of the semileptonic B decays to a new height and stimulated significant theoretical developments. I review recent progresses in this fast-evolving field, with an emphasis on the determination of the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vub|.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Mod. Phys. Lett. A
Environmental Economics
Creators: name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental economics
subject: efficiency
subject: cost-effectiveness
subject: benefit-cost analysis
subject: market-based instruments
subject: tradeable permits
subject: pollution taxes

description: This article, prepared for the forthcoming second edition of the New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, provides an overview of the economics of environmental policy. Included are the setting of goals and targets, notably the Kaldor-Hicks criterion, and the related method of assessment known as benefit-cost analysis. Also reviewed are the means of environmental policy, that is, the choice of specific policy instruments, featuring an examination of potential criteria for assessing alternative instruments, with focus on cost-effectiveness. The theoretical foundations and experiential highlights of individual instruments are reviewed, including conventional command-and-control mechanisms and market-based instruments.
$L^p$--$L^q$ decay estimates for wave equations with monotone time-dependent dissipation
Creators: name: Reissig, Michael
name: Wirth, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L15; 35B45; 34E20

description: This expository article is intended to give an overview about recently achieved results on asymptotic properties of solutions to the Cauchy problem $u_{tt}-Δu+b(t)u_t =0,\qquad u(0,\cdot)=u_1,\quad \mathrm{D}_tu(0,\cdot)=u_2$ for a wave equation with time-dependent dissipation term. The results are based on structural properties of the Fourier multipliers representing its solution. The article explains the general philosophy behind the approach.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Fundamental Economics of Depletable Energy Supply
Creators: name: Krautkraemer, Jeffrey A.
name: Toman, Michael
name: Krautkraemer, Jeffrey A.
name: Toman, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: depletable resources
subject: energy
subject: intertemporal optimization

description: In this paper, we first present and discuss the basic logic underlying all neoclassical economic theories of "optimal" energy supply: maximization of the present value of some stream of economic returns. We then discuss how the economic theory of optimal resource depletion has evolved since Hotelling's classic 1931 article. We also consider the power of the theory to support improved empirical understanding of actual behavior. Our discussion of empirical literature indicates that this work has so far provided only limited empirical understanding.
Incentive-Based Land Use Policies and Water Quality in the Chesapeake Bay
Creators: name: Walls, Margaret
name: McConnell, Virginia D.
name: Walls, Margaret
name: McConnell, Virginia D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: development impact fees
subject: nonpoint source pollution
subject: purchase of development rights
subject: transferable development rights

description: The activities conducted on land surrounding the Chesapeake Bay directly affect pollution levels in the Bay, and they do so in complex and varied ways. Policy attention has been focused, for the most part, on modifying these activities within a particular land use category but not on wholesale changes in land use. For example, farmers are encouraged to use "best management practices" (BMPs) that focus on fertilizer use, crop covers, and the like; residential and commercial developers are encouraged to manage stormwater runoff; and wastewater treatment plants are required to meet technology-based standards. But the amount of land in urbanized uses relative to the amount in farming, forestry, and open space has not been given the attention it deserves. In this paper, we discuss the ways that land use affects pollution in the Bay. We then analyze three economic incentive-based policies that could be used to alter land use patterns-purchase of development rights (PDRs), transferable development rights (TDRs), and development impact fees. The strengths and weaknesses of each policy are discussed. Finally, we discuss the issue of policy coordination, i.e., synchronizing policies focused directly on land use, such as TDRs, with input-based taxes. More research on this important policy issue is needed.
Decoherence-Free Entropic Gravity: Model and Experimental Tests
Creators: name: Schimmoller, Alex J.
name: McCaul, Gerard
name: Abele, Hartmut
name: Bondar, Denys I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Erik Verlinde's theory of entropic gravity [arXiv:1001.0785], postulating that gravity is not a fundamental force but rather emerges thermodynamically, has garnered much attention as a possible resolution to the quantum gravity problem. Some have ruled this theory out on grounds that entropic forces are by nature noisy and entropic gravity would therefore display far more decoherence than is observed in ultra-cold neutron experiments. We address this criticism by modeling linear gravity acting on small objects as an open quantum system. In the strong coupling limit, when the model's unitless free parameter $σ$ goes to infinity, the entropic master equation recovers conservative gravity. We show that the proposed master equation is fully compatible with the \textit{q}\textsc{Bounce} experiment for ultra-cold neutrons as long as $σ\gtrsim 250$ at $90\%$ confidence. Furthermore, the entropic master equation predicts energy increase and decoherence on long time scales and for large masses, phenomena which tabletop experiments could test. In addition, comparing entropic gravity's energy increase to that of the Diósi-Penrose model for gravity induced decoherence indicates that the two theories are incompatible. These findings support the theory of entropic gravity, motivating future experimental and theoretical research.
description: 12 pages and 4 figures
Spin-related magnetoresistance of n-type ZnO:Al and Zn_{1-x}Mn_{x}O:Al thin films
Creators: name: Andrearczyk, T.
name: Jaroszynski, J.
name: Grabecki, G.
name: Dietl, T.
name: Fukumura, T.
name: Kawasaki, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effects of spin-orbit coupling and s-d exchange interaction are probed by magnetoresistance measurements carried out down to 50 mK on ZnO and Zn_{1-x}Mn_{x}O with x = 3 and 7%. The films were obtained by laser ablation and doped with Al to electron concentration ~10^{20} cm^{-3}. A quantitative description of the data for ZnO:Al in terms of weak-localization theory makes it possible to determine the coupling constant λ_{so} = (4.4 +- 0.4)*10^{-11} eVcm of the kp hamiltonian for the wurzite structure, H_{so} = λ_{so}*c(s x k). A complex and large magnetoresistance of Zn_{1-x}Mn_{x}O:Al is interpreted in terms of the influence of the s-d spin-splitting and magnetic polaron formation on the disorder-modified electron-electron interactions. It is suggested that the proposed model explains the origin of magnetoresistance observed recently in many magnetic oxide systems.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Kotsonis, Jerôme, Problèmes de l'économie ecclésiastique
Creators: name: Pfisterer, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 21 Nr. 4 (1972): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 21, Heft 4
AN ANALYSIS OF CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CHINA'S AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT: AGRICULTURE, RURAL AREAS AND FARMERS
Creators: name: Quan, Yongxin
name: Liu, Zeng-Rung
name: Quan, Yongxin
name: Liu, Zeng-Rung
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: International Development

description: China is the most populous country in the world. Of its 1.3 billion people, 22% of the world population, about 67% are living in rural areas. Although China is the third largest country in terms of area, the arable land is only 7% of the global amount. With relatively meager endowment, it is undoubtedly a daunting task for the agricultural sector to provide adequate supply to fulfil huge needs for food and other agricultural products. In addition, agriculture development in China confronts with challenges to raise the average income and standard of living of the rural population in the long run. Since China's economic reform was launched in 1978, the "People's Commune" system was dismantled and replaced by the "Household Responsibility" system. Agricultural production has achieved rapid growth and income per capita in the rural area has risen 10 times in 20 years. During this transformation process, a number of serious problems have been emerging in the agricultural sector. They include the diminishing size of the arable land, enlarging of income disparity and stagnating of productivity growth, which have been exacerbated by the population growth and increasing demands for agricultural products. The agricultural sector is also plagued by environmental degradation and confronted by township enterprise development. Furthermore, China's recent accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO) brings more tremendous challenges to its agriculture. This paper is intended to provide a concise analysis of the problems and possible policy options associated with current agriculture development. It reveals that the main problems are market partition, inefficiency in government administration in supply and distribution, and price distortions of agricultural products, originating from China's development strategy of preferred industrialization in the industry sector and urban development. This paper also explores and assesses a few government policy options for the alleviation of these problems. Policy options focus on deepening market-oriented reforms, including price deregulation, market integration and property (land) reforms, which also reflect the requirements of the Agriculture Agreement of WTO. Policy options also focus on improvement of government supported programs in investment and subsidies aimed at boosting productivity, narrowing the inequality of income distribution and easing the barriers for mobility of surplus labor into the industry and service sectors in urban areas.
Spigolature stesicoree II
Creators: name: Cipolla, Paolo
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

The paper concerns some textual and exegetical problems in Stesichorean fragments. In fr. 1 ἔν τινι πέτρᾳ, ὡς is to be read for transmitted ἔν τινι πετραίῳ; the phrase probably refers to Amycus’ punishment, who according to some textual and iconographic sources was bound by Pollux to a tree or rock; in fr. 2a Ποδάργη means ‘swift-footed’ rather than ‘white-footed’, as shown by comparison with the proper nouns Ὠκυπόδη and Ἀελλόπους. In fr. 85 κούραις should be preferred to κόραις/κόρας, because it is closer to epic diction; in fr. 89 the silver-like basin implies a hospitality scene, but probably in a humble social context. In fr. 100.7 χρυσ[ολύρα, even if the feminine of the adjective is never used elsewhere, may be a suitable supplement; at v. 9 καλλιρόου (Σιμόεντος) is better than καλλιρόους (δίνας). At fr. inc. 270a one might restore τε]ύ̣-/ χεσι λαμπομέν[α τό]θ’. Finally, at fr. inc. 303a πυλαμάχε transmitted by Athenaeus may be right and seems to be echoed in the hapax θυραμάχος found in Pratinas.

description: Lexis
L’asinarteto ‘euripideo’ in Euripide
Creators: name: Pace, Giovanna
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

The paper examines the presence of the so-called ‘Euripidean’ asynartete 2ia 2 trΛΛ in the lyrics of Euripides’ preserved tragedies (Hippolytus, Suppliant Women, Trojan Women, Phoenissae) with the aim to observe its function in each context and to establish if the two cola can actually form a single verse. The sequence 2ia 2 trΛΛ occurs as a (sometimes internal) clausula in iambo-trochaic contexts, where it emphasizes the rhythmical opposition, or in a mainly iambic context, where it produces a contrast effect. When there is synapheia between the two cola, they likely form an asynartete verse, whereas when there is dieresis, the asynartete nature of the sequence is doubtful, but can be supported by metrical-rhythmical and thematic considerations.

description: Lexis
Stagnation zones for $\mathcal{A}$-harmonic functions on canonical domains
Creators: name: Miklyukov, Vladimir M.
name: Rasila, Antti
name: Vuorinen, Matti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 31C45; 35J65; 46E35

description: We study stagnation zones of $\mathcal{A}$-harmonic functions on canonical domains in the Euclidean $n$-dimensional space. Phragmen-Lindelöf type theorems are proved.
Language and content in language arts and math : a case study
Creators: name: Evans, Peter D.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is a qualitative case study of a mathematics unit and a literature unit taught concurrently to a class of grades five and six students, the majority of who were English as a Second Language (ESL) students. The units were collaboratively planned with an ESL Resource Teacher. The study aims to illuminate the processes and products of student engagement with the two units. At the same time, it documents the teacher/ researcher's process of reflection. The study makes reference to the teacher/researcher's growing understanding of the role that prior knowledge plays in the classroom. For the teacher/ researcher, this study acted as a "voyage of discovery" as he made observations regarding the student's experiences and the role of prior knowledge. Students experienced considerable success with the literature unit, but had persistent difficulties with the mathematics unit. To investigate the reasons for this difference, concerning this difference in success, the researcher explored two matters of prior knowledge: prior classroom experience and the link between everyday language and technical language in student discourse. With respect to prior classroom experience, the students reported little prior teaching of relevant mathematical material whereas the literature material had regularly been taught. With respect to the link between everyday and technical language, the findings suggested that the students were able to draw on everyday language for describing persons in the literature unit, but were not able to draw on everyday language for describing patterns in the mathematics unit. More broadly, this suggests that students were able to draw on familiar social practices for describing persons but not for describing mathematical patterns. Implications are drawn for further research and for educational practice.
Improved analysis of GW190412 with a precessing numerical relativity surrogate waveform model
Creators: name: Islam, Tousif
name: Field, Scott E.
name: Haster, Carl-Johan
name: Smith, Rory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent observation of GW190412, the first high-mass ratio binary black-hole (BBH) merger, by the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration (LVC) provides a unique opportunity to probe the impact of subdominant harmonics and precession effects encoded in a gravitational wave signal. We present refined estimates of source parameters for GW190412 using \texttt{NRSur7dq4}, a recently developed numerical relativity waveform surrogate model that includes all $\ell \leq 4$ spin-weighted spherical harmonic modes as well as the full physical effects of precession. We compare our results with two different variants of phenomenological precessing BBH waveform models, \texttt{IMRPhenomPv3HM} and \texttt{IMRPhenomXPHM}, as well as to the LVC results. Our results are broadly in agreement with \texttt{IMRPhenomXPHM} results and the reported LVC analysis compiled with the \texttt{SEOBNRv4PHM} waveform model, but in tension with \texttt{IMRPhenomPv3HM}. Using the \texttt{NRSur7dq4} model, we provide a tighter constraint on the mass-ratio ($0.26^{+0.08}_{-0.06}$) as compared to the LVC estimate of $0.28^{+0.13}_{-0.07}$ (both reported as median values withs 90\% credible intervals). We also constrain the binary to be more face-on, and find a broader posterior for the spin precession parameter. We further find that even though $\ell=4$ harmonic modes have negligible signal-to-noise ratio, omission of these modes will influence the estimated posterior distribution of several source parameters including chirp mass, effective inspiral spin, luminosity distance, and inclination. We also find that commonly used model approximations, such as neglecting the asymmetric modes (which are generically excited during precession), have negligible impact on parameter recovery for moderate SNR-events similar to GW190412.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures; Matches the accepted version in PRD
Additional file 3 of Fetal inflammation induces acute immune tolerance in the neonatal rat hippocampus
Creators: name: Singh, Garima
name: Segura, Bradley J.
name: Georgieff, Michael K.
name: Gisslen, Tate
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 1. List of Taqman Probes.
Quantum-Corrected Black Hole Thermodynamics in Extra Dimensions
Creators: name: Nozari, Kourosh
name: Mehdipour, S. Hamid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bekenstein-Hawking formalism of black hole thermodynamics should be modified to incorporate quantum gravitational effects. Generalized Uncertainty Principle(GUP) provides a suitable framework to perform such modifications. In this paper, we consider a general form of GUP to find black hole thermodynamics in a model universe with large extra dimensions. We will show that black holes radiate mainly in the four-dimensional brane. Existence of black holes remnants as a possible candidate for dark matter is discussed.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
Towards A First Step to Understand Flash Loan and Its Applications in DeFi Ecosystem
Creators: name: Wang, Dabao
name: Wu, Siwei
name: Lin, Ziling
name: Wu, Lei
name: Yuan, Xingliang
name: Zhou, Yajin
name: Wang, Haoyu
name: Ren, Kui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Flash Loan, as an emerging service in the decentralized finance ecosystem, allows users to request a non-collateral loan. While providing convenience, it also enables attackers to launch malicious operations with a large amount of asset that they do not have. Though there exist spot media reports of attacks that leverage Flash Loan, there lacks a comprehensive understanding of existing Flash Loan services. In this work, we take the first step to study the Flash Loan service provided by three popular platforms. Specifically, we first illustrate the interactions between Flash Loan providers and users. Then, we design three patterns to identify Flash Loan transactions. Based on the patterns, 76, 303 transactions are determined. The evaluation results show that the Flash Loan services get more popular over time. At last, we present four Flash Loan applications with real-world examples and propose two potential research directions.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Diffusion-redistanciation schemes for 2D and 3D constrained Willmore flow: application to the equilibrium shapes of vesicles
Creators: name: Metivet, Thibaut
name: Sengers, Arnaud
name: Ismaïl, Mourad
name: Maitre, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we present a novel algorithm for simulating geometrical flows, and in particular the Willmore flow, with conservation of volume and area. The idea is to adapt the class of diffusion-redistanciation algorithms to the Willmore flow in both two and three dimensions. These algorithms rely on alternating diffusions of the signed distance function to the interface and a redistanciation step, and with careful choice of the applied diffusions, end up moving the zero level-set of the distance function by some geometrical quantity without resorting to any explicit transport equation. The constraints are enforced between the diffusion and redistanciation steps via a simple rescaling method. The energy globally decreases at the end of each global step. The algorithms feature the computational efficiency of thresholding methods without requiring any adaptive remeshing thanks to the use of a signed distance function to describe the interface. This opens their application to dynamic fluid-structure simulations for large and realistic cases. The methodology is validated by computing the equilibrium shapes of two- and three-dimensional vesicles, as well as the Clifford torus.
Approximate spectral clustering using both reference vectors and topology of the network generated by growing neural gas
Creators: name: Fujita, Kazuhisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spectral clustering (SC) is one of the most popular clustering methods and often outperforms traditional clustering methods. SC uses the eigenvectors of a Laplacian matrix calculated from a similarity matrix of a dataset. SC has serious drawbacks: the significant increases in the time complexity derived from the computation of eigenvectors and the memory space complexity to store the similarity matrix. To address the issues, I develop a new approximate spectral clustering using the network generated by growing neural gas (GNG), called ASC with GNG in this study. ASC with GNG uses not only reference vectors for vector quantization but also the topology of the network for extraction of the topological relationship between data points in a dataset. ASC with GNG calculates the similarity matrix from both the reference vectors and the topology of the network generated by GNG. Using the network generated from a dataset by GNG, ASC with GNG achieves to reduce the computational and space complexities and improve clustering quality. In this study, I demonstrate that ASC with GNG effectively reduces the computational time. Moreover, this study shows that ASC with GNG provides equal to or better clustering performance than SC.
AN AFRICAN GROWTH TRAP: PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND THE TIME-CONSISTENCY OF AGRICULTURAL TAXATION, R&D AND INVESTMENT
Creators: name: McMillan, Margaret S.
name: Masters, William A.
name: McMillan, Margaret S.
name: Masters, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: International Development
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Why do so many African governments consistently impose high tax rates and make little investment in productive public goods, when alternative policies could yield greater tax revenues and higher national income? We posit and test an intertemporal political economy model in which the government sets tax and R&D levels while investors respond with production. Equilibrium policy and growth rates depend on initial cost structure. We find that in many (but not all) African countries, low tax/high investment regimes would be time-inconsistent, primarily because production technology requires relatively large sunk costs. For pro-growth policies to become sustainable, commitment mechanisms or new production techniques would be needed.
Cicerone e la geografia dellʼimpero nellʼorazione De imperio Cn. Pompei
Creators: name: Ricchieri, Tommaso
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

In his De imperio Cn. Pompei (66 BCE), Cicero supports the law proposal by the tribune C. Manilius to entrust Pompey with an extraordinary command over the third Mithridatic war. The article analyses the importance of geography in the orator’s argumentation for its economical and political implications. First, by sketching a centre-periphery dynamic, Cicero stresses the vital role of the provinces (especially Asia that is now under attack) for Rome’s own welfare and supply with goods; then, in his celebration of Pompey’s military achievements, Cicero insists on their worldwide extent, presenting him as the only one who can bring the Pontic war to an end.

description: Lexis
Exploration of interlacing and avoided crossings in a manifold of potential energy curves by a Unitary Group Adapted State Specific Multi-Reference Perturbation Theory (UGA-SSMRPT)
Creators: name: Chakravarti, Dibyajyoti
name: Hazra, Koustav
name: Kayal, Riya
name: Sasmal, Sudip
name: Mukherjee, Debashis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Unitary Group Adapted State-Specific Multi-Reference Perturbation Theory (UGA-SSMRPT2) developed by Mukherjee et al [J. Comput. Chem. 2015, 36, 670] has successfully realized the goal of studying bond dissociation in a numerically stable, spin-preserving and size-consistent manner. In this paper, we explore and analyse the UGA-SSMRPT2 theory in the description of avoided crossings and interlacing between a manifold of states belonging to the same space-spin symmetry. In a state-specific formalism, since each state is an eigenstate of its own effective operator, to include the information of the other states requires the theory to be sufficiently accurate. Three different aspects of UGA-SSMRPT2 have been studied: (a) We introduce and develop the most rigorous version of UGA-SSMRPT2 which emerges from the rigorous version of UGA-SSMRCC utilizing a linearly independent virtual manifold; we call this the 'projection' version of UGA-SSMRPT2 denoted as UGA-SSMRPT2 Scheme P. We compare and contrast this approach with our earlier formulation that used extra sufficiency conditions via amplitude equations, which we will denote as UGA-SSMRPT2 Scheme A. (b) We present the results for a variety of electronic states of a set of molecules which display the striking accuracy of both the two versions of UGA-SSMRPT2; with respect to three different situations involving weakly avoided crossings, moderate/strongly avoided crossings and interlacing in a manifold of PECs of same symmetry. Accuracy of our results has been benchmarked against IC-MRCISD+Q. (c) For weakly avoided crossing between states displaying differently charged sectors in the asymptotes, the insufficient inclusion of state-specific orbital relaxation in a second order perturbative theory might lead to an artefact of double crossing between the pair of PECs.
Renormalization Group Potential for Quasi-One-Dimensional Correlated Systems
Creators: name: Chang, Ming-Shyang
name: Chen, Wei
name: Lin, Hsiu-Hau
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the correlated quasi-one-dimensional systems by one-loop renormalization group techniques in weak coupling. In contrast to conventional g-ology approach, we formulate the theory in terms of bilinear currents and obtain all possible interaction vertices. Furthermore, the one-loop renormalization group equations are derived by operator product expansions of these currents at short length scale. It is rather remarkable that these coupled non-linear equations, after appropriate rescaling, can be casted into potential flows. The existence of what we nicknamed "RG potential" provides a natural explanation of the emergent symmetry enhancement in ladder systems. Further implications arisen from the RG potential are also discussed at the end.
description: 35 pages, 4 figures, typos in the RG equations corrected
Additional file 1 of Evaluating cancer research impact: lessons and examples from existing reviews on approaches to research impact assessment
Creators: name: Hanna, Catherine R.
name: Boyd, Kathleen A.
name: Jones, Robert J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Research Council UK Impact definition, summary of search terms for part one, and inclusion criteria for both parts of the study.
COOPERATIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR RURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION
Creators: name: Rehber, Erkan
name: Galor, Z.
name: Duman, S.
name: Rehber, Erkan
name: Galor, Z.
name: Duman, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Rural industry
subject: cooperative

description: It is possible to give several connotations about the meaning of development. In short, achievement a considerable decrease in poverty, unemployment and inequality can be interpreted as development for the country considered. Of course a sound development cannot be specified purely economic terms. It must be included, adequate educational level, freedom of speech, and citizenship of nation that is truly independent both economically and politically. Most of the developing and less-developed countries are characterized as rural nations where most of the people are living in rural areas and engaged mainly in agriculture. That is why rural development inevitably is a major challenge for these countries. Improvement of agriculture from a traditional- subsistence structure to a modern-commercialized ones have created some new problems such as unemployment and ultimately a migration from rural areas to urban centers. There were a lot of experiences, which show us, rural development project, which only aimed at only improvement of agricultural structure, have not been very successful to reach the general nations' development targets. In recent decades, a new approach appeared that is aiming at to achieve a rural development considering all sectors together in the economy and also social advancement. Among the others, development of industry not only agricultural based and also other small and medium scaled industries which are located in rural areas has been considered aiming at creating new employment (NAE=Non -Agricultural Employment) opportunities. It is well known that, especially after the World War II cooperatives were used as an instrument of development policy and rural industrialization. One of the worldwide examples was the case of Israel. Cooperatives can make contribution not only to the rural industrialization but also to other economic, social and political development of a country.