cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Use of IIIF in the Biblissima Web Portal
Creators: name: Robineau, Régis
name: Bonicel, Matthieu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: IIIF
Interoperability
Images
Biblissima

description: Presentation from the 2016 (IIIF) Conference Access to the World's Images, held on May 11th - 13th in New York, hosted by the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) and the New York Academy of Medicine. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLYPP1-8uH9c5smSD2wyVgsqKxD218khZq&v=xYmbGmJjrEA
Comparison of dissolved and particulate arsenic distributions in shallow aquifers of Chakdaha, India, and Araihazar, Bangladesh
Creators: name: Métral, Jerome
name: Charlet, Laurent
name: Bureau, Sara
name: Mallik, Sukumar
name: Chakraborty, Sudipta
name: Ahmed, Kazi
name: Rahman, M.W.
name: Cheng, Zhongqi
name: Van Geen, Alexander
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Groundwater--Dating
subject: Groundwater--Arsenic content
subject: Soils--Arsenic content
subject: Geomorphology
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Background: The origin of the spatial variability of dissolved As concentrations in shallow aquifers of the Bengal Basin remains poorly understood. To address this, we compare here transects of simultaneously-collected groundwater and aquifer solids perpendicular to the banks of the Hooghly River in Chakdaha, India, and the Old Brahmaputra River in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Results: Variations in surface geomorphology mapped by electromagnetic conductivity indicate that permeable sandy soils are associated with underlying aquifers that are moderately reducing to a depth of 10–30 m, as indicated by acid-leachable Fe(II)/Fe ratios <0.6 in the solid phase and concentrations of dissolved sulfate >5 mg L-1. More reducing aquifers are typically capped with finer-grained soils. The patterns suggest that vertical recharge through permeable soils is associated with a flux of oxidants on the banks of the Hooghly River and, further inland, in both Chakdaha and Araihazar. Moderately reducing conditions maintained by local recharge are generally associated with low As concentrations in Araihazar, but not systematically so in Chakdaha. Unlike Araihazar, there is also little correspondence in Chakdaha between dissolved As concentrations in groundwater and the P-extractable As content of aquifer particles, averaging 191 ± 122 ug As/L, 1.1 ± 1.5 mg As kg-1 (n = 43) and 108 ± 31 ug As/L, 3.1 ± 6.5 mg As kg-1 (n = 60), respectively. We tentatively attribute these differences to a combination of younger floodplain sediments, and therefore possibly more than one mechanism of As release, as well as less reducing conditions in Chakdaha compared to Araihazar. Conclusion: Systematic dating of groundwater and sediment, combined with detailed mapping of the composition of aquifer solids and groundwater, will be needed to identify the various mechanisms underlying the complex distribution of As in aquifers of the Bengal Basin.
Microbial Communities Can Be Described by Metabolic Structure: A General Framework and Application to a Seasonally Variable, Depth-Stratified Microbial Community from the Coastal West Antarctic Peninsula
Creators: name: Bowman, Jeff S.
name: Ducklow, Hugh W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Marine biology
subject: Marine ecology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology

description: Taxonomic marker gene studies, such as the 16S rRNA gene, have been used to successfully explore microbial diversity in a variety of marine, terrestrial, and host environments. For some of these environments long term sampling programs are beginning to build a historical record of microbial community structure. Although these 16S rRNA gene datasets do not intrinsically provide information on microbial metabolism or ecosystem function, this information can be developed by identifying metabolisms associated with related, phenotyped strains. Here we introduce the concept of metabolic inference; the systematic prediction of metabolism from phylogeny, and describe a complete pipeline for predicting the metabolic pathways likely to be found in a collection of 16S rRNA gene phylotypes. This framework includes a mechanism for assigning confidence to each metabolic inference that is based on a novel method for evaluating genomic plasticity. We applied this framework to 16S rRNA gene libraries from the West Antarctic Peninsula marine environment, including surface and deep summer samples and surface winter samples. Using statistical methods commonly applied to community ecology data we found that metabolic structure differed between summer surface and winter and deep samples, comparable to an analysis of community structure by 16S rRNA gene phylotypes. While taxonomic variance between samples was primarily driven by low abundance taxa, metabolic variance was attributable to both high and low abundance pathways. This suggests that clades with a high degree of functional redundancy can occupy distinct adjacent niches. Overall our findings demonstrate that inferred metabolism can be used in place of taxonomy to describe the structure of microbial communities. Coupling metabolic inference with targeted metagenomics and an improved collection of completed genomes could be a powerful way to analyze microbial communities in a high-throughput manner that provides direct access to metabolic and ecosystem function.
Agricultural Statistics Related to Marketing
Creators: name: Waugh, Frederick V.
name: Robert, Shelby A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1952
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts: What is the market for Agricultural Statistics? First, there are 5.4 million farm operators. They must have statistics if they are to decide intelligently what to produce, and when and where to sell it. Second, there are almost 5 million persons engaged in processing and distributing farm products and the foods and fibers made from farm products. They must have statistics if they are to operate efficiently. Third, there are in the United States 158 million consumers of foods, fibers, and other goods made from farm products. Many of them use statistics sparingly if at all. But a substantial number of consumers make at least some use of statistics as a guide to buying. Thus, the market for agricultural statistics is big. Or looked at in another way, it is also a series of specialized markets. The dairy farmer, the railroad freight agent, the hog packer, the chain store manager, and the housewife each has a special interest. Each needs a particular kind of statistics, designed to answer special problems. We shall look briefly at two kinds of market information made available by the Department and cooperating agencies: First, the periodic reporting of statistical material on such subjects as farm production and market prices; second, the publication of information growing out of marketing research.
description: A Paper Presented at a Meeting of the New York City Chapter of the American Marketing Association, New York, November 20, 1952.
Strong Adsorption between Uranium Dicarbide and Graphene Surface Induced by f Electrons
Creators: name: Han, Jie
name: Dai, Xing
name: Cheng, Cheng
name: Xin, Minsi
name: Wang, Zhigang
name: Huai, Ping
name: Zhang, Ruiqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction between gaseous uranium dicarbide and graphite is significant for the safety control and design of Gen-IV nuclear energy system. In this article, the interaction mechanism has been studied using a simplified model of adsorption of two typical UC2 isomers (linear CUC and symmetric triangular structures) on graphene based on density functional theory calculations. The results reveal strong chemisorption characteristics between the UC2 and graphene, which is found different from the conventional weak intermolecular interaction. Interestingly, although the CUC structure can induce a double sp3-hybridization at the graphene, the most stable adsorption structure is formed by the triangular UC2 adsorbed at the hollow site of the graphene. Further bonding analysis indicates that the U 5f orbitals of the triangular UC2 are more active than that in the CUC, providing a larger effective bonding area in the adsorption system. Our calculations are helpful for understanding the role of actinide compounds in adsorption on carbon nanomaterials surface, especially for elucidating the bonding properties of 5f electrons.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures
E-RIHS IP D.5.7 E-RIHS ERIC User Strategy: Approach and Advancement
Creators: name: Heritage, Alison
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: User Strategy
ERIC

description: This report presents the approach by which an updated User Strategy for E-RIHS will be developed, and details progress towards this goal, together with an action plan of key steps that will be implemented between July and May 2024. The User and Access Policy, developed during the preparatory phase of E-RIHS PP is the foundation for the updated User Strategy, and will be redrafted to ensure alignment between the needs of E-RIHS users and the technical capabilities of national facilities. The User Strategy is intended to be a forward-looking document that will consider both current and potential future users and will outline necessary information gathering processes for the assessment of current and prospective user needs, as well as indicating pathways by which this information can be used within E-RIHS decision-making processes. The development of the strategy will pay close attention to the progression of corresponding parallel tasks concerning users in other E-RIHS IP work packages.
Samuel Putnam Avery and the Founding of the Avery Library, Columbia University
Creators: name: Goodman, Edward C.
name: Giral, Angela
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Biography
History

description: The Avery Library was founded in 1890 by Mr. Samuel Putnam Avery and his wife Mary Ogden Avery as a memorial to their son Henry Ogden Avery. This essay discusses Samuel Putnam Avery's career as an engraver, his transformation into one of the premier art dealers in New York, his patronage of various cultural institutions, the founding of Avery Library, and some of the collections of Avery Library.
Neutrino mass and Extreme Value Distributions in $β$-decay
Creators: name: Esteve, J. G.
name: Falceto, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new application of the Extreme Value Theory for distributions with compact support. The novelty of our proposal is the use of these tools to estimate the neutrino mass from the energy spectrum of electrons in $β$-decay. In this way the dependence of the result on the mass of the neutrino is considerably enhanced increasing the sensitivity of the experiment.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; published version
Transition metal-free synthesis of quinolino[2′,3′3,4]pyrazolo[5,1-b]quinazolin-8(6H)-ones via cascade dehydrogenation and intramolecular N-arylation
Creators: name: Shiri, Morteza
name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
name: Hamidi, Hoda
name: Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali
name: Tanbakouchian, Zahra
name: Atefeh Nejatinezhad-Arani
name: Suhas A. Shintre
name: Koorbanally, Neil A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry
subject: 30207 Transition Metal Chemistry
subject: 30306 Synthesis of Materials

description: 2-(2-Chloroquinolin-3-yl)-3-(arylamino)2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one was converted to quinolino[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[5,1-b]quinazolin-8(6H)-ones in the presence of KOtBu in DMSO at room temperature. The present method has the advantages of easy conditions, construction of highly novel five heterocycles, transition metalfree conditions, cascade dehydrogenation and intramolecular N-arylation and good to high yield of products.
Stability of viscous weak detonation waves for Majda's model
Creators: name: Hendricks, Jeffrey
name: Humpherys, Jeffrey
name: Lyng, Gregory
name: Zumbrun, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Continuing the program initiated by Humpherys, Lyng, & Zumbrun [17] for strong detonation waves, we use a combination of analytical and numerical Evans-function techniques to analyze the spectral stability of weak detonation waves in a simplified model for gas-dynamical combustion. Combining these new spectral stability results with the pointwise Green function analysis of Lyng, Raoofi, Texier, & Zumbrun [22], we conclude that these waves are nonlinearly stable. The principal novelty of this analysis is the treatment of weak detonation waves. In contrast to the case of strong detonation waves, weak detonation waves are undercompressive and the stability of these waves is delicate and has not been treated by standard weighted-norm techniques. The present analysis thus provides a case study illustrating the flexibility and power of the Evans-function- based approach to stability. As in the case of strong detonations, we find that all tested waves are spectrally stable, hence nonlinearly stable.
Data Driven Smart Building Case Studies
Creators: name: Ruyssevelt, Paul
name: Rovas, Dimitrios
name: Gori, Virginia
name: Chen, Guokai
name: Jatkar, Harshavardhan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Energy Efficiency
Data Driven Smart Buildings
Internet of Things
Case Studies
Annex 81

description: The work presented on the website (https://datasmartbuildings.org/) aims to gather and report on the technical details, business cases, and stakeholder stories associated with examples where data-driven solutions have been implemented in the real world. Each case study focuses on a particular building, technology, or dataset. Individually, the case study descriptions aspire to highlight a specific facet of applying data-driven smart building technologies. Collectively, the case studies help garner an understanding of the current state of practice and possibly help identify a path forward to critically understanding some of the benefits and challenges associated with data-driven smart buildings.
Beyond Protection
Creators: name: Hamburger, Philip
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Jurisdiction
subject: Allegiance
subject: Terrorism--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Do foreign terrorists have rights under American law? And can they be prosecuted under such law? These questions may seem novel and singularly difficult In fact, the central legal questions raised by foreign terrorism have long been familiar and have long had answers in the principle of protection. This Article explains the principle of protection and its implications for terrorism. Under the principle of protection, as understood in early American law, allegiance and protection were reciprocal. As a result, a person without allegiance was without protection, including the protection of the law. Not owing allegiance, such a person had no obligation to obey American law; moreover, not having protection, he had no rights under such law. This was the principle on which early American law dealt with enemy aliens and other persons who did not owe allegiance, including those who today would be called "terrorists." The principle of protection still provides a valuable model for understanding a wide range of otherwise intractable problems. At a doctrinal level, it resolves important questions about habeas, prisoners of war, the power of the executive over enemy aliens, the jurisdiction of courts over foreigners and foreign lands, and the rights of unauthorized aliens. The principle also provides a framework for understanding more general difficulties, including the legal strategies available to the government, the domain of national law in a multinational world, and the means of reconciling safety and civil liberty. In these ways, as illustrated by terrorism, the principle of protection is an essential foundation for a society that seeks to preserve itself from danger without undermining its liberty.
Horizontes
Creators: name: ChatGPT o3 mini
name: Sánchez de Miguel, Alejandro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Este artículo analiza cómo la refracción atmosférica afecta la visibilidad de la cima de una montaña, utilizando un enfoque geométrico que incorpora una desviación angular de hasta 4° en la trayectoria de la luz. En lugar de aplicar el método clásico que utiliza un factor de corrección al radio de la Tierra, se modela la refracción como un ángulo adicional que modifica el ángulo central del horizonte visible.

El estudio se centra en un observador ubicado a 31,000 pies (aproximadamente 9,449 metros) de altura y en la visibilidad de la cima de una montaña de 4,410 metros de altura. Se desarrollan las fórmulas teóricas y se realiza un ejemplo numérico para determinar que, bajo condiciones de máxima refracción (4°), la distancia de visibilidad podría alcanzar alrededor de 1,476 km. También se incluye una implementación en Python para replicar los cálculos.

Este análisis proporciona una comprensión de cómo las condiciones atmosféricas extremas pueden aumentar la visibilidad en observaciones geográficas y astronómicas, ofreciendo un enfoque alternativo a los métodos tradicionales.
West Antarctic Peninsula: An Ice-Dependent Coastal Marine Ecosystem in Transition
Creators: name: Ducklow, Hugh W.
name: Fraser, William R.
name: Meredith, Michael P.
name: Stammerjohn, Sharon E.
name: Doney, Scott C.
name: Martinson, Douglas G.
name: Sailley, Sévrine F.
name: Schofield, Oscar M.
name: Steinberg, Deborah K.
name: Venables, Hugh J.
name: Amsler, Charles D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Climatic changes
subject: Marine biology
subject: Marine ecology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The extent, duration, and seasonality of sea ice and glacial discharge strongly influence Antarctic marine ecosystems. Most organisms' life cycles in this region are attuned to ice seasonality. The annual retreat and melting of sea ice in the austral spring stratifies the upper ocean, triggering large phytoplankton blooms. The magnitude of the blooms is proportional to the winter extent of ice cover, which can act as a barrier to wind mixing. Antarctic krill, one of the most abundant metazoan populations on Earth, consume phytoplankton blooms dominated by large diatoms. Krill, in turn, support a large biomass of predators, including penguins, seals, and whales. Human activity has altered even these remote ecosystems. The western Antarctic Peninsula region has warmed by 7°C over the past 50 years, and sea ice duration has declined by almost 100 days since 1978, causing a decrease in phytoplankton productivity in the northern peninsula region. Besides climate change, Antarctic marine systems have been greatly altered by harvesting of the great whales and now krill. It is unclear to what extent the ecosystems we observe today differ from the pristine state.
HST/WFC3 Observations of Low-Mass Globular Clusters AM 4 and Palomar 13: Physical Properties and Implications for Mass Loss
Creators: name: Hamren, Katherine M.
name: Smith, Graeme H.
name: GuhaThakurta, Puragra
name: Dolphin, Andrew E.
name: Weisz, Daniel R.
name: Rajan, Abhijith
name: Grillmair, Carl J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the loss of low-mass stars in two of the faintest globular clusters known, AM 4 and Palomar 13 (Pal 13), using HST/WFC3 F606W and F814W photometry. To determine the physical properties of each cluster --- age, mass, metallicity, extinction, present day mass function (MF) --- we use the maximum likelihood color-magnitude diagram (CMD) fitting program MATCH and the Dartmouth, Padova and BaSTI stellar evolution models. For AM 4, the Dartmouth models provide the best match to the CMD and yield an age of >13 Gyr, metallicity log Z/Z_solar = -1.68 +/- 0.08, a distance modulus (m-M)_V = 17.47 +/- 0.03 and reddening A_V = 0.19 +/- 0.02. For Pal 13 the Dartmouth models give an age of 13.4 +/- 0.5 Gyr, log Z/Z_solar = -1.55 +/- 0.06, (m-M)_V = 17.17 +/- 0.02 and A_V = 0.43 +/- 0.01. We find that the systematic uncertainties due to choice in assumed stellar model greatly exceed the random uncertainties, highlighting the importance of using multiple stellar models when analyzing stellar populations. Assuming a single-sloped power law MF, we find that AM 4 and Pal 13 have spectral indices alpha = +0.68 +/- 0.34 and alpha = -1.67 +/- 0.25 (where a Salpeter MF has alpha = +1.35), respectively. Comparing our derived slopes with literature measurements of cluster integrated magnitude (M_V) and MF slope indicates that AM 4 is an outlier. Its MF slope is substantially steeper than clusters of comparable luminosity, while Pal 13 has a MF in line with the general trend. We discuss both primordial and dynamical origins for the unusual MF slope of AM 4 and tentatively favor the dynamical scenario. However, MF slopes of more low luminosity clusters are needed to verify this hypothesis.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures. Accepted by The Astronomical Journal
Carbon fluxes through estuarine bacteria reflect coupling with phytoplankton
Creators: name: Morán, Xosé Anxelu G.
name: Ducklow, Hugh W.
name: Erickson, Matthew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Marine biology
subject: Marine ecology
subject: Chemical oceanography
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Microbial plankton carbon fluxes were comprehensively assessed at 4 contrasting sites in Waquoit Bay estuary (Massachusetts, USA) in 2008, focussing on the role of phytoplankton as dissolved organic matter suppliers for heterotrophic bacterioplankton. Strong seasonal patterns in environmental and microbial variables were observed, with concurrent summer maxima and minima in December for bacterial biomass (17.7-164.7 µg C l-1) and production (4.8-121.5 µg C l-1 d-1). Phytoplankton biomass (0.7-32.6 µg chlorophyll l-1) and primary production (PP, 164-3570 µg C l-1 d-1) varied similarly to bacterial variables, with dissolved PP (DPP), i.e. released extracellularly, ranging from 3 to 36% of the total PP. The flux of DPP represented between 0.4 and 20% of bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC, 92-346 µmol C l-1) daily turnover. In addition to temperature, moderate bottom-up control of bacterial assemblages was suggested by biomass-production regressions. Bacteria apparently depended more on phytoplankton-derived DOC than on its total concentration. The difference became larger when the total flux of carbon or bacterial carbon demand (BCD, 19-468 µg C l-1 d-1) was considered, with DPP explaining 53% of its variance compared with 37% from bulk DOC. On average, DPP could meet 50% of BCD, indicating a larger than expected trophic dependence of bacteria on phytoplankton in the whole estuarine ecosystem.
Siderophile Element Partitioning between Cohenite and Liquid in the Fe-Ni-S-C System and Implications for Geochemistry of Planetary Cores and Mantles
Creators: name: Buono, Antonio S.
name: Dasgupta, Rajdeep
name: Lee, Cin-Ty A.
name: Walker, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geochemistry
subject: Continents
subject: Geodynamics

description: We experimentally investigated the effects of pressure and S content on partition coefficients (D) between crystalline cohenite and liquid in the Fe–Ni–S–C system. Compositions with S contents of 0, 4.72, and 14.15 wt.%, in an Fe-rich mix containing a constant C (4.72 wt.%), Ni (5.23 wt.%), and W, Re, Os, Pt, and Co (totaling 0.43 wt.%) were equilibrated at 1150 °C and 3 and 6 GPa. Our cohenite–melt D data are compared to literature Fe–Ni–S and Fe–Ni–C experiments involving a crystalline phase of Fe. There is a change in D when the solid is cohenite rather than crystalline iron. Compared to solid-Fe/melt Ds, cohenite/melt Ds are lower for all elements except W. The light element (S + C) content of the liquid influences partitioning between cohenite and liquid as it also does between crystalline Fe and liquid. The controls are similar but not identical. In the cohenite-bearing experiments, DNi decreases as S + C increases. Ni is excluded from the crystallizing solid if the solid is cohenite. And yet, in the Fe–Ni–S–C system, cohenite is stable to higher P than in the Fe–S–C system. As in the Fe-metallic liquid systems the non-metal avoidance principle of Jones and Malvin (1990) is applicable to the Fe3C-metallic liquid system studied here. Carbon in the mantle is expected to combine with neutral Fe to replace metal with cohenite. In which case, the budget of highly siderophile elements is likely to be accommodated by Fe–Ni–S–C liquids once they form upon incipient melting because most Ds for cohenite/liquid are <1 in this system. The crystallization of cohenite from such liquids in Earth’s core is unlikely to improve the case for core–mantle interaction based on Pt–Re–Os systematics.
Transition-metal free highly selective aerobic oxidation of hindered 2-alkylindoles
Creators: name: Shiri, Morteza
name: Behnaz Farajpour
name: Bozorgpour‑Savadjani, Zahra
name: Suhas A. Shintre
name: Koorbanally, Neil A.
name: Kruger, Hendrik G.
name: Notash, Behrouz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry
subject: 30207 Transition Metal Chemistry
subject: 30306 Synthesis of Materials

description: A novel and easy access to highly complex 3-oxoindolin-2-ylidene derivatives from the exposure of Ugiadducts bearing an indolyl moiety in Cs2CO3/DMF to air is reported. This is the first example of aerobic oxidation of 2-alkylindoles to 3-oxoindolin-2-ylidenes. Some advantages of this method are the use of air as oxygen source, transition metal-free reagents and simple conditions, a multicomponent and one-pot process and highly regioand stereoselective manner to trans-3-oxoindolin-2-ylidenes.
Nonlocal Gravity and Structure in the Universe
Creators: name: Dodelson, Scott
name: Park, Sohyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed acceleration of the Universe can be explained by modifying general relativity. One such attempt is the nonlocal model of Deser and Woodard. Here we fix the background cosmology using results from the Planck satellite and examine the predictions of nonlocal gravity for the evolution of structure in the universe, confronting the model with three tests: gravitational lensing, redshift space distortions, and the estimator of gravity $E_G$. Current data favor general relativity (GR) over nonlocal gravity: fixing primordial cosmology with the best fit parameters from Planck leads to weak lensing results favoring GR by 5.9 sigma; redshift space distortions measurements of the growth rate preferring GR by 7.8 sigma; and the single measurement of $E_G$ favoring GR, but by less than 1-sigma. The significance holds up even after the parameters are allowed to vary within Planck limits. The larger lesson is that a successful modified gravity model will likely have to suppress the growth of structure compared to general relativity.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Mesoscale and Nutrient Conditions Associated with the Massive 2008 Cochlodinium polykrikoides Bloom in the Sea of Oman/Arabian Gulf
Creators: name: Al-Azri, Adnan R.
name: Piontkovski, Sergey A.
name: Al-Hashmi, Khalid A.
name: Goes, Joaquim I.
name: Gomes, Helga Do R.
name: Glibert, Patricia M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Marine biology
subject: Marine ecology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cochlodinium polykrikoides formed large blooms in the coastal waters of Oman from October 2008 through mid-January 2009, and satellite images from Aqua-MODIS and region-wide reports suggest that this bloom was found throughout the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman for more than 10 months. The unusual occurrence of this species appears to have supplanted the more regularly occurring bloom species, Noctiluca scintillans, in 2008–2009. For the first 2 weeks of the coastal Omani bloom, C. polykrikoides abundance was near monospecific proportions, with cell densities ranging from 4.6 × 103 to 9 × 106 cells L−1 and very high levels of chlorophyll a (78.0 μg L−1) were also recorded. The regional progression of the bloom likely began with stronger than normal upwelling along the Iranian and northern Omani coasts during the southwest monsoon in late summer, followed by discharge of unusually warm coastal plume water along the coast of Oman with the reversal of monsoonal winds in late October. The occurrence and persistence of high densities of C. polykrikoides in Oman coastal water were also significantly influenced by an elevated nutrient load and warmer than normal temperatures. Concentrations of nutrients, especially NH4 +, urea, PO4 3−, and organic nitrogen and phosphorus, were manyfold higher than observed in the year prior or since. These findings suggest that mesoscale features were important in bloom dynamics more regionally, but locally the bloom was sustained by nutrient enrichment supplemented by its mixotrophic capabilities.
Supplementary document for Single-photon nonlinearities and blockade from a strongly driven photonic molecule - 6057718.pdf
Creators: name: Nigro, Davide
name: Clementi, Marco
name: Brès, Camille-Sophie
name: Liscidini, Marco
name: Gerace, Dario
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Zip archive containing the supplemental file .tex and figures
Deep South Atlantic carbonate chemistry and increased interocean deep water exchange during last deglaciation
Creators: name: Yu, Jimin
name: Anderson, Robert F.
name: Jin, Zhangdong
name: Menviel, Laurie
name: Zhang, Fei
name: Ryerson, Fredrick J.
name: Rohling, Eelco J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Climatic changes
Atmosphere

description: Carbon release from the deep ocean at glacial terminations is a critical component of past climate change, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We present a 28,000-year high-resolution record of carbonate ion concentration, a key parameter of the global carbon cycle, at 5-km water depth in the South Atlantic. We observe similar carbonate ion concentrations between the Last Glacial Maximum and the late Holocene, despite elevated concentrations in the glacial surface ocean. This strongly supports the importance of respiratory carbon accumulation in a stratified deep ocean for atmospheric CO2 reduction during the last ice age. After ∼9 μmol/kg decline during Heinrich Stadial 1, deep South Atlantic carbonate ion concentration rose by ∼24 μmol/kg from the onset of Bølling to Pre-boreal, likely caused by strengthening North Atlantic Deep Water formation (Bølling) or increased ventilation in the Southern Ocean (Younger Drays) or both (Pre-boreal). The ∼15 μmol/kg decline in deep water carbonate ion since ∼10 ka is consistent with extraction of alkalinity from seawater by deep-sea CaCO3 compensation and coral reef growth on continental shelves during the Holocene. Between 16,600 and 15,000 years ago, deep South Atlantic carbonate ion values converged with those at 3.4-km water depth in the western equatorial Pacific, as did carbon isotope and radiocarbon values. These observations suggest a period of enhanced lateral exchange of carbon between the deep South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, probably due to an increased transfer of momentum from southern westerlies to the Southern Ocean. By spreading carbon-rich deep Pacific waters around Antarctica for upwelling, invigorated interocean deep water exchange would lead to more efficient CO2 degassing from the Southern Ocean, and thus to an atmospheric CO2 rise, during the early deglaciation.
Spectral data for U(m,m)-Higgs bundles
Creators: name: Schaposnik, Laura P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D20, 14D21, 20C33

description: We define and study spectral data associated to U(m,m)-Higgs bundles through the Hitchin fibration. We give a new interpretation of the topological invariants involved, as well as a geometric description of the moduli space.
description: 7 pages
Weak equivalence principle for self-gravitating bodies: A sieve for purely metric theories of gravity
Creators: name: Di Casola, Eolo
name: Liberati, Stefano
name: Sonego, Sebastiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the almost-geodesic motion of self-gravitating test bodies as a possible selection rule among metric theories of gravity. Starting from a heuristic statement, the "gravitational weak equivalence principle", we build a formal, operative test able to probe the validity of the principle for any metric theory of gravity, in an arbitrary number of spacetime dimensions. We show that, if the theory admits a well-posed variational formulation, this test singles out only the purely metric theories of gravity. This conclusion reproduces known results in the cases of general relativity (also with a cosmological constant term), and scalar-tensor theories, but extends also to debated or unknown scenarios, such as f(R) and Lanczos-Lovelock theories. We thus provide new tools going beyond the standard methods, where the latter turn out to be inconclusive or inapplicable.
description: 17 pages, no figures. Tiny modifications to match the published version
Topology of Luminous Red Galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Choi, Yun-Young
name: Kim, Juhan
name: Rossi, Graziano
name: Kim, Sungsoo S.
name: Lee, Jeong-Eun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the genus topology of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 catalog, with unprecedented statistical significance. To estimate the uncertainties in the measured genus, we construct 81 mock SDSS LRG surveys along the past light cone from the Horizon Run 3, one of the largest N-body simulations to date that evolved 7210^3 particles in a 10815 Mpc/h size box. After carefully modeling and removing all known systematic effects due to finite pixel size, survey boundary, radial and angular selection functions, shot noise and galaxy biasing, we find the observed genus amplitude to reach 272 at 22 Mpc/h smoothing scale with an uncertainty of 4.2%; the estimated error fully incorporates cosmic variance. This is the most accurate constraint of the genus amplitude to date, which significantly improves on our previous results. In particular, the shape of the genus curve agrees very well with the mean topology of the SDSS LRG mock surveys in the LCDM universe. However, comparison with simulations also shows small deviations of the observed genus curve from the theoretical expectation for Gaussian initial conditions. While these discrepancies are mainly driven by known systematic effects such as those of shot noise and redshift-space distortions, they do contain important cosmological information on the physical effects connected with galaxy formation, gravitational evolution and primordial non-Gaussianity. We address here the key role played by systematics on the genus curve, and show how to accurately correct for their effects to recover the topology of the underlying matter. In a forthcoming paper, we provide an interpretation of those deviations in the context of the local model of non-Gaussianity.
description: 23 pages, 18 figures. APJ Supplement Series 2013
Diagnostic Computation of Moisture Budgets in the ERA-Interim Reanalysis with Reference to Analysis of CMIP-Archived Atmospheric Model Data
Creators: name: Seager, Richard
name: Henderson, Naomi L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmosphere

description: The diagnostic evaluation of moisture budgets in archived atmosphere model data is examined. Sources of error in diagnostic computation can arise from the use of numerical methods different from those used in the atmosphere model, the time and vertical resolution of the archived data, and data availability. These sources of error are assessed using the climatological moisture balance in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) that archives vertically integrated moisture fluxes and convergence. The largest single source of error arises from the diagnostic evaluation of divergence. The chosen second-order accurate centered finite difference scheme applied to the actual vertically integrated moisture fluxes leads to significant differences from the ERA-Interim reported moisture convergence. Using daily data, instead of 6-hourly data, leads to an underestimation of the patterns of moisture divergence and convergence by midlatitude transient eddies. A larger and more widespread error occurs when the vertical resolution of the model data is reduced to the 8 levels that is quite common for daily data archived for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Dividing moisture divergence into components due to the divergent flow and advection requires bringing the divergence operator inside the vertical integral, which introduces a surface term for which a means of accurate evaluation is developed. The analysis of errors is extended to the case of the spring 1993 Mississippi valley floods, the causes of which are discussed. For future archiving of data (e.g., by CMIP), it is recommended that monthly means of time-step-resolution flow–humidity covariances be archived at high vertical resolution.
Anti-Ramsey numbers of small graphs
Creators: name: Bialostocki, Arie
name: Gilboa, Shoni
name: Roditty, Yehuda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The anti-Ramsey number $AR(n,G$), for a graph $G$ and an integer $n\geq|V(G)|$, is defined to be the minimal integer $r$ such that in any edge-colouring of $K_n$ by at least $r$ colours there is a multicoloured copy of $G$, namely, a copy of $G$ whose edges have distinct colours. In this paper we determine the anti-Ramsey numbers of all graphs having at most four edges.
title: Book review : Zoe Van Zwanenberg, Ed. (2010). Leadership in social care. Leadership in residential care. London, Jessica Kingsley, 240pp. ISBN: 9781843109693
Creators: name: Milne, Wendy
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2011

description: The articles in Leadership and Social Care and the paper by Adrian Ward examine the current interest in leadership in general, and the growing interest in leadership in social care and residential care. The work by Adrian Ward is a useful paper that complements the book as it focuses on leadership in relation to the daily life of residential care and offers a practical insight into the many related functions.
The legacy of episodic climatic events in shaping temperate, broadleaf forests
Creators: name: Pederson, Neil
name: Dyer, James M.
name: McEwan, Ryan W.
name: Hessl, Amy E.
name: Mock, Cary J.
name: Orwig, David A.
name: Cook, Benjamin I.
name: Rieder, Harald
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dendrochronology
subject: Droughts
subject: Plants--Effect of drought on
subject: Forests and forestry
subject: Botany
subject: Paleoecology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental sciences

description: In humid, broadleaf-dominated forests where gap dynamics and partial canopy mortality appears to dominate the disturbance regime at local scales, paleoecological evidence shows alteration at regional-scales associated with climatic change. Yet, little evidence of these broad-scale events exists in extant forests. To evaluate the potential for the occurrence of large-scale disturbance, we used 76 tree-ring collections spanning ∼840 000 km2 and 5327 tree recruitment dates spanning ∼1.4 million km2 across the humid eastern United States. Rotated principal component analysis indicated a common growth pattern of a simultaneous reduction in competition in 22 populations across 61 000 km2. Growth-release analysis of these populations reveals an intense and coherent canopy disturbance from 1775 to 1780, peaking in 1776. The resulting time series of canopy disturbance is so poorly described by a Gaussian distribution that it can be described as “heavy tailed,” with most of the years from 1775 to 1780 comprising the heavy-tail portion of the distribution. Historical documents provide no evidence that hurricanes or ice storms triggered the 1775–1780 event. Instead, we identify a significant relationship between prior drought and years with elevated rates of disturbance with an intense drought occurring from 1772 to 1775. We further find that years with high rates of canopy disturbance have a propensity to create larger canopy gaps indicating repeated opportunities for rapid change in species composition beyond the landscape scale. Evidence of elevated, regional-scale disturbance reveals how rare events can potentially alter system trajectory: a substantial portion of old-growth forests examined here originated or were substantially altered more than two centuries ago following events lasting just a few years. Our recruitment data, comprised of at least 21 species and several shade-intolerant species, document a pulse of tree recruitment at the subcontinental scale during the late-1600s suggesting that this event was severe enough to open large canopy gaps. These disturbances and their climatic drivers support the hypothesis that punctuated, episodic, climatic events impart a legacy in broadleaf-dominated forests centuries after their occurrence. Given projections of future drought, these results also reveal the potential for abrupt, meso- to large-scale forest change in broadleaf-dominated forests over future decades.
Seamless Precipitation Prediction Skill in the Tropics and Extratropics from a Global Model
Creators: name: Zhu, Hongyan
name: Wheeler, Matthew C.
name: Sobel, Adam H.
name: Hudson, Debra
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Precipitation forecasting
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Meteorology
subject: Atmosphere

description: The skill with which a coupled ocean–atmosphere model is able to predict precipitation over a range of time scales (days to months) is analyzed. For a fair comparison across the seamless range of scales, the verification is performed using data averaged over time windows equal in length to the lead time. At a lead time of 1 day, skill is greatest in the extratropics around 40°–60° latitude and lowest around 20°, and has a secondary local maximum close to the equator. The extratropical skill at this short range is highest in the winter hemisphere, presumably due to the higher predictability of winter baroclinic systems. The local equatorial maximum comes mostly from the Pacific Ocean, and thus appears to be mostly from El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). As both the lead time and averaging window are simultaneously increased, the extratropical skill drops rapidly with lead time, while the equatorial maximum remains approximately constant, causing the equatorial skill to exceed the extratropical at leads of greater than 4 days in austral summer and 1 week in boreal summer. At leads longer than 2 weeks, the extratropical skill flattens out or increases, but remains below the equatorial values. Comparisons with persistence confirm that the model beats persistence for most leads and latitudes, including for the equatorial Pacific where persistence is high. The results are consistent with the view that extratropical predictability is mostly derived from synoptic-scale atmospheric dynamics, while tropical predictability is primarily derived from the response of moist convection to slowly varying forcing such as from ENSO.
Characteristic Length of Energy-Containing Structures at the Base of a Coronal Hole
Creators: name: Abramenko, V. I.
name: Zank, G. P.
name: Dosch, A.
name: Yurchyshyn, V. B.
name: Goode, P. R.
name: Ahn, K.
name: Cao, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An essential parameter for models of coronal heating and fast solar wind acceleration that rely on the dissipation of MHD turbulence is the characteristic energy-containing length $λ_{\bot}$ of the squared velocity and magnetic field fluctuations ($u^2$ and $b^2$) transverse to the mean magnetic field inside a coronal hole (CH) at the base of the corona. The characteristic length scale defines directly the heating rate. We use a time series analysis of solar granulation and magnetic field measurements inside two CHs obtained with the New Solar Telescope (NST) at Big Bear Solar Observatory. A data set for transverse magnetic fields obtained with the Solar Optical Telescope/Spectro-Polarimeter (SOT/SP) aboard {\it Hinode} spacecraft was utilized to analyze the squared transverse magnetic field fluctuations $b_t^2$. Local correlation tracking (LCT) was applied to derive the squared transverse velocity fluctuations $u^2$. We find that for $u^2$-structures, Batchelor integral scale $λ$ varies in a range of 1800 - 2100 km, whereas the correlation length $ς$ and the $e$-folding length $L$ vary between 660 and 1460 km. Structures for $b_t^2$ yield $λ\approx 1600$ km, $ς\approx 640$ km, and $L \approx 620$ km. An averaged (over $λ, ς$, and $L$) value of the characteristic length of $u^2$-fluctuations is 1260$\pm$500 km, and that of $b_t^2$ is 950$\pm$560 km. The characteristic length scale in the photosphere is approximately 1.5-50 times smaller than that adopted in previous models (3-30$\times10^3$ km). Our results provide a critical input parameter for current models of coronal heating and should yield an improved understanding of fast solar wind acceleration.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
АКТИВИЗАЦИЯ ПОЗНАВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ С ТРУДНОСТЯМИ В ОБУЧЕНИИ: ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД
Creators: name: Элибаева, Лола
name: Сулаймонова, Гулбахор
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: В статье рассматривается проблема активизации познавательной деятельности младших школьников, испытывающих трудности в обучении. Анализируются психолого-педагогические подходы и методы, направленные на повышение мотивации, вовлеченности и самостоятельности учащихся в процессе обучения. Особое внимание уделяется созданию благоприятной образовательной среды, использованию дифференцированного обучения и игровых технологий, а также развитию метакогнитивных навыков.