cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Speech Enhancement-assisted Voice Conversion in Noisy Environments
Creators: name: Chan, Yun-Ju
name: Peng, Chiang-Jen
name: Wang, Syu-Siang
name: Wang, Hsin-Min
name: Tsao, Yu
name: Chi, Tai-Shih
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Numerous voice conversion (VC) techniques have been proposed for the conversion of voices among different speakers. Although good quality of the converted speech can be observed when VC is applied in a clean environment, the quality degrades drastically when the system is run in noisy conditions. In order to address this issue, we propose a novel speech enhancement (SE)-assisted VC system that utilizes the SE techniques for signal pre-processing, where the VC and SE components are optimized in an joint training strategy with the aim to provide high-quality converted speech signals. We adopt a popular model, StarGAN, as the VC component and thus call the combined system as EStarGAN. We test the proposed EStarGAN system using a Mandarin speech corpus. The experimental results first verified the effectiveness of joint training strategy used in EStarGAN. Moreover, EStarGAN demonstrated performance robustness in various unseen noisy environments. The subjective listening test results further showed that EStarGAN can improve the sound quality of speech signals converted from noise-corrupted source utterances.
A Split-Reduced Successive Cancellation List Decoder for Polar Codes
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhaoyang
name: Zhang, Liang
name: Wang, Xianbin
name: Zhong, Caijun
name: Poor, H. Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper focuses on low complexity successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding of polar codes. In particular, using the fact that splitting may be unnecessary when the reliability of decoding the unfrozen bit is sufficiently high, a novel splitting rule is proposed. Based on this rule, it is conjectured that, if the correct path survives at some stage, it tends to survive till termination without splitting with high probability. On the other hand, the incorrect paths are more likely to split at the following stages. Motivated by these observations, a simple counter that counts the successive number of stages without splitting is introduced for each decoding path to facilitate the identification of correct and incorrect path. Specifically, any path with counter value larger than a predefined threshold ωis deemed to be the correct path, which will survive at the decoding stage, while other paths with counter value smaller than the threshold will be pruned, thereby reducing the decoding complexity. Furthermore, it is proved that there exists a unique unfrozen bit u_{N-K_1+1}, after which the successive cancellation decoder achieves the same error performance as the maximum likelihood decoder if all the prior unfrozen bits are correctly decoded, which enables further complexity reduction. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed low complexity SCL decoder attains performance similar to that of the conventional SCL decoder, while achieving substantial complexity reduction.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications - Special Issue on Recent Advances In Capacity Approaching Codes
RHIZOBIUM IN THE SOILS OF THE ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN FARMS, Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1969 Part 2
Creators: name: P. S. NUTMAN And G. J. S. ROSS
Publisher: name: Lawes Agricultural Trust
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: rothamsted research
subject: woburn experimental farm
subject: rhizobium

description: Scanned PDF of RHIZOBIUM IN THE SOILS OF THE ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN FARMS, part of Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1969 Part 2
The horizon of the lightest black hole
Creators: name: Calmet, Xavier
name: Casadio, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of the poles of the resummed graviton propagator obtained by resumming bubble matter diagrams which correct the classical graviton propagator. These poles have been previously interpreted as black holes precursors. Here, we show using the Horizon Wave-Function formalism that these poles indeed have properties which make them compatible with being black hole precursors. In particular, when modeled with a Breit-Wigner distribution, they have a well defined gravitational radius. The probability that the resonance is inside its own gravitational radius, and thus that it is black hole, is about one half. Our results confirm the interpretation of these poles as black hole precursors.
description: 11 pages
Heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider: a review of the results from Run 1
Creators: name: Armesto, N.
name: Scomparin, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an overview of the results obtained in pPb and PbPb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider during Run 1. We first discuss the results for global characteristics: cross sections, hadron multiplicities, azimuthal asymmetries, correlations at low transverse momentum, hadrochemistry, and femtoscopy. We then review hard and electromagnetic probes: particles with high transverse momentum, jets, heavy quarks, quarkonium, electroweak bosons and high transverse momentum photons, low transverse momentum photons and dileptons, and ultraperipheral collisions. We mainly focus on the experimental results, and present very briefly the main current theoretical explanations.
description: 33 pages, 29 figures
Quantum speed limit for a relativistic electron in a uniform magnetic field
Creators: name: Villamizar, David V.
name: Duzzioni, Eduardo I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the influence of relativistic effects on the minimum evolution time between two orthogonal states of a quantum system. Defining the initial state as an homogeneous superposition between two Hamiltonian eigenstates of an electron in a uniform magnetic field, we obtain a relation between the minimum evolution time and the displacement of the mean radial position of the electron wavepacket. The quantum speed limit time is calculated for an electron dynamics described by Dirac and Schroedinger-Pauli equations considering different parameters, such as the strength of magnetic field and the linear momentum of the electron in the axial direction. We highlight that when the electron undergoes a region with extremely strong magnetic field the relativistic and non-relativistic dynamics differ substantially, so that the description given by Schroedinger-Pauli equation enables the electron traveling faster than c, which is prohibited by Einstein's theory of relativity. This approach allows a connection between the abstract Hilbert space and the space-time coordinates, besides the identification of the most appropriate quantum dynamics used to describe the electron motion.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
ROTHAMSTED INSECT SURVEY, Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1969 Part 2
Creators: name: L. R. TAYLOR And R. A. FRENCH
Publisher: name: Lawes Agricultural Trust
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: rothamsted research

description: Scanned PDF of ROTHAMSTED INSECT SURVEY, part of Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1969 Part 2
Stochastic Solution of Fractional Fokker-Planck Equations with Space-Time-Dependent Coefficients
Creators: name: Nane, Erkan
name: NI, Yinan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60G51, 35Q84

description: This paper develops solutions of fractional Fokker-Planck equations describing subdiffusion of probability densities of stochastic dynamical systems driven by non-Gaussian Lévy processes, with space-time-dependent drift, diffusion and jump coefficients, thus significantly extends Magdziarz and Zorawik's result in "M. Magdziarz and T. Zorawik, Stochastic representation of fractional subdiffusion equation. The case of infinitely divisible waiting times, Lévy noise and space-time-dependent coefficients. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., Accepted (2015)." Fractional Fokker-Planck equation describing subdiffusion is solved by our result in full generality from perspective of stochastic representation.
description: 15 pages. Submitted for Publication
8. NEMATODE POPULATION STUDIES ON BROADBALK, Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1968 - Part 2
Creators: name: D. C. M. CORBETT, R. D. WINSLOW
Publisher: name: Lawes Agricultural Trust
Year: 1969
Subjects: subject: rothamsted research
subject: broadbalk long-term experiment
subject: nematodes
subject: population dynamics

description: Scanned PDF of 8. NEMATODE POPULATION STUDIES ON BROADBALK, part of Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1968 - Part 2
Cue Integration in judgements of pain
Creators: name: Goharzad, Azaadeh
name: Drain, Alexis
name: Mende-Siedlecki, Peter
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pain Management
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Cognition and Perception
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The present study examines the role of self-reported pain and facial expressions on racial bias in judgements of pain using a cue integration framework.
Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane fungi, Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1968 - Part 2
Creators: name: JUDITH ETHERIDGE
Publisher: name: Lawes Agricultural Trust
Year: 1969
Subjects: subject: rothamsted research
subject: rhiszosphere

description: Scanned PDF of Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane fungi, part of Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1968 - Part 2
Gomphrena elegans var. claussenioides Suessenguth 1934
Creators: name: Bena, Maria Julia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Amaranthaceae
Gomphrena
Gomphrena elegans
Gomphrena elegans var. claussenioides suessenguth (1934: 310)

description: Gomphrena elegans var. claussenioides Suessenguth (1934: 310).
 Type (first-step lectotype designated by Holzhammer 1956: 222):— ARGENTINA. Tucumán. pr. la Cienaga, January 1874. Lorentz & Hieronymus 705 [second-step lectotype here designated GOET-015489! (Fig. 1), isolectotype CORD-00002558!, image of the isolectotype available at http://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.cord00002558].
description: Published as part of Bena, Maria Julia, 2017, Typification and nomenclatural notes on twenty-seven names of Gomphrena L. (Amaranthaceae) linked to the South American flora, pp. 131-146 in Phytotaxa 296 (2) on page 133, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.296.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/13687970
Iterative Eigenvalue Decomposition and Multipath-Grouping Tx/Rx Joint Beamforming for Millimeter-Wave Communication
Creators: name: Xiao, Zhenyu
name: Xia, Xiang-Gen
name: Jin, Depeng
name: Ge, Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate Tx/Rx joint beamforming in millimeter-wave communications (MMWC). As the multipath components (MPCs) have different steering angles and independent fadings, beamforming aims at achieving array gain as well as diversity gain in this scenario. A sub-optimal beamforming scheme is proposed to find the antenna weight vectors (AWVs) at Tx/Rx via iterative eigenvalue decomposition (EVD), provided that full channel state information (CSI) is available at both the transmitter and receiver. To make this scheme practically feasible in MMWC, a corresponding training approach is suggested to avoid the channel estimation and iterative EVD computation. As in fast fading scenario the training approach may be time-consuming due to frequent training, another beamforming scheme, which exploits the quasi-static steering angles in MMWC, is proposed to reduce the overhead and increase the system reliability by multipath grouping (MPG). The scheme first groups the MPCs and then concurrently beamforms towards multiple steering angles of the grouped MPCs, so that both array gain and diversity gain are achieved. Performance comparisons show that, compared with the corresponding state-of-the-art schemes, the iterative EVD scheme with the training approach achieves the same performance with a reduced overhead and complexity, while the MPG scheme achieves better performance with an approximately equivalent complexity.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
ROTHAMSTED INSECT SURVEY - NINTH ANNUAL SUMMARY, Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1977 Part 2
Creators: name: L. R. TAYLOR And R. A. FRENCH
Publisher: name: Lawes Agricultural Trust
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: rothamsted research

description: Scanned PDF of ROTHAMSTED INSECT SURVEY - NINTH ANNUAL SUMMARY, part of Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1977 Part 2
Dynamic Human-Robot Role Allocation based on Human Ergonomics Risk Prediction and Robot Actions Adaptation
Creators: name: Merlo, Elena
name: Lamon, Edoardo
name: Fusaro, Fabio
name: Lorenzini, Marta
name: Carfì, Alessandro
name: Mastrogiovanni, Fulvio
name: Ajoudani, Arash
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite cobots have high potential in bringing several benefits in the manufacturing and logistic processes, but their rapid (re-)deployment in changing environments is still limited. To enable fast adaptation to new product demands and to boost the fitness of the human workers to the allocated tasks, we propose a novel method that optimizes assembly strategies and distributes the effort among the workers in human-robot cooperative tasks. The cooperation model exploits AND/OR Graphs that we adapted to solve also the role allocation problem. The allocation algorithm considers quantitative measurements that are computed online to describe human operator's ergonomic status and task properties. We conducted preliminary experiments to demonstrate that the proposed approach succeeds in controlling the task allocation process to ensure safe and ergonomic conditions for the human worker.
description: 7 pages, 11 figures, presented at the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
Portfolio Selection: The Power of Equal Weight
Creators: name: Ernst, Philip
name: Thompson, James
name: Miao, Yinsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We empirically show the superiority of the equally weighted S\&P 500 portfolio over Sharpe's market capitalization weighted S\&P 500 portfolio. We proceed to consider the MaxMedian rule, a non-proprietary rule designed for the investor who wishes to do his/her own investing on a laptop with the purchase of only 20 stocks. Rather surprisingly, over the 1958-2016 horizon, the cumulative returns of MaxMedian beat those of the equally weighted S\&P 500 portfolio by a factor of 1.15.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Weakly bound states with spin-isospin symmetry
Creators: name: Kievsky, A.
name: Gattobigio, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss weakly bound states of a few-fermion system having spin-isospin symmetry. This corresponds to the nuclear physics case in which the singlet, $a_0$, and triplet, $a_1$, $n-p$ scattering lengths are large with respect to the range of the nuclear interaction. The ratio of the two is about $a_0/a_1\approx-4.31$. This value defines a plane in which $a_0$ and $a_1$ can be varied up to the unitary limit, $1/a_0=0$ and $1/a_1=0$, maintaining its ratio fixed. Using a spin dependant potential model we estimate the three-nucleon binding energy along that plane. This analysis can be considered an extension of the Efimov plot for three bosons to the case of three $1/2$-spin-isospin fermions.
description: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics. May 18-22, 2015. Chicago, Illinois, USA
THE ROTHAMSTED RHIZOBIUM CULTURE COLLECTION AND INOCULANT USE IN THE UK , Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1978 Part 2
Creators: name: M. DYE
Publisher: name: Lawes Agricultural Trust
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: rothamsted research
subject: rhizobium

description: Scanned PDF of THE ROTHAMSTED RHIZOBIUM CULTURE COLLECTION AND INOCULANT USE IN THE UK , part of Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1978 Part 2
Evaluating Behavioural Activation as an Intervention for Adolescent Depression: A Mini Systematic Review
Creators: name: McChesney, Lauren
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Adolescent Depression
subject: Behavioural Activation
subject: Mini-Systematic Review

description: A mini systematic review of studies that have evaluated behavioural activation as an intervention for adolescent depression is presently being conducted. The aim of this research is to review the current evidence base on the efficacy of behavioural activation and the impact of this intervention on adolescent mental health. It is anticipated that depressed adolescents whom complete the Behavioural Activation intervention will demonstrate an improvement in their depression scores when their pre-treatment and post-treatment/follow up results are compared.
Complex-valued fractional derivatives on time scales
Creators: name: Bayour, Benaoumeur
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33, 26E70

description: We introduce a notion of fractional (noninteger order) derivative on an arbitrary nonempty closed subset of the real numbers (on a time scale). Main properties of the new operator are proved and several illustrative examples given.
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form will appear in Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, ISSN: 2194-1009. Accepted for publication 06/Nov/2015
ROTHAMSTED INSECT SURVEY, Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1970 - Part 2
Creators: name: L. R. TAYLOR And R. A. FRENCH
Publisher: name: Lawes Agricultural Trust
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: rothamsted research

description: Scanned PDF of ROTHAMSTED INSECT SURVEY, part of Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1970 - Part 2
A Qualitative Pilot Assessment of Oral Health Information Delivered in the Medical Home
Creators: name: Decker, Melani
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Public health
subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This pilot study aimed to describe the inclusion of oral health counseling and communication techniques during medical visits. We evaluated 15 transcripts of caregiver-provider interactions during medical visits for 0-42 month old children. Preventive messages by five providers participating in a Medicaid preventive oral health initiative in North Carolina were evaluated. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) 2008 oral health guidelines and American Dental Association’s communication domains were used as standards to examine oral health information and caregiver-provider communication styles. A total of 9 sick and 6 well-child transcribed interactions were examined. Oral health counseling occurred during all medical visits with topical fluoride most frequently discussed and establishment of a dental home/referral least frequently reviewed. Interpersonal communication domain “present two to three topics at one time” was most commonly used. In this pilot sample, AAP oral health guidelines are being followed, but gaps remain regarding referral to a dental home.
A Survey of Zero-shot Generalisation in Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Kirk, Robert
name: Zhang, Amy
name: Grefenstette, Edward
name: Rocktäschel, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The study of zero-shot generalisation (ZSG) in deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to produce RL algorithms whose policies generalise well to novel unseen situations at deployment time, avoiding overfitting to their training environments. Tackling this is vital if we are to deploy reinforcement learning algorithms in real world scenarios, where the environment will be diverse, dynamic and unpredictable. This survey is an overview of this nascent field. We rely on a unifying formalism and terminology for discussing different ZSG problems, building upon previous works. We go on to categorise existing benchmarks for ZSG, as well as current methods for tackling these problems. Finally, we provide a critical discussion of the current state of the field, including recommendations for future work. Among other conclusions, we argue that taking a purely procedural content generation approach to benchmark design is not conducive to progress in ZSG, we suggest fast online adaptation and tackling RL-specific problems as some areas for future work on methods for ZSG, and we recommend building benchmarks in underexplored problem settings such as offline RL ZSG and reward-function variation.
description: JAIR version. Added formal definitions of ZSPT and related concepts, JAIR formatting, other small rewrites; https://www.jair.org/index.php/jair/article/view/14174
Investigations into the Effects of Weather on Yields, Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1968 - Part 2
Creators: name: F. YATES
Publisher: name: Lawes Agricultural Trust
Year: 1969
Subjects: subject: rothamsted research
subject: crop yield
subject: meteorological observations

description: Scanned PDF of Investigations into the Effects of Weather on Yields, part of Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1968 - Part 2
Chemical freeze-out in Hawking-Unruh radiation and quark-hadron transition
Creators: name: Tawfik, Abdel Nasser
name: Yassin, Hayam
name: Elyazeed, Eman R. Abo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proposed analogy between hadron production in high-energy collisions and Hawking-Unruh radiation process in the black holes shall be extended. This mechanism provides a theoretical basis for the freeze-out parameters, the temperature ($T$) and the baryon chemical potential ($μ$), characterizing the final state of particle production. The results from charged black holes, in which the electric charge is related to $μ$, are found comparable with the phenomenologically deduced parameters from the ratios of various particle species and the higher-order moments of net-proton multiplicity in thermal statistical models and Polyakov linear-sigma model. Furthermore, the resulting freeze-out condition $\langle E\rangle/\langle N\rangle\simeq 1~$GeV for average energy per particle is in good agreement with the hadronization process in the high-energy experiments. For the entropy density ($s$), the freeze-out condition $s/T^3\simeq7$ remains valid for $μ\lesssim 0.3~$GeV. Then, due to the dependence of $T$ on $μ$, the values of $s/T^3$ increase with increasing $μ$. In accordance with this observation, we found that the entropy density remains constant with increasing $μ$. Thus, we conclude that almost no information is going lost through Hawking-Unruh radiation from charged black holes. It is worthwhile to highlight that the freeze-out temperature from charged black holes is determined independent on both freeze-out conditions
description: 18 pages, 2 eps-figures, to appear in PRD
The decision problem of modal product logics with a diagonal, and faulty counter machines
Creators: name: Hampson, Christopher
name: Kikot, Stanislav
name: Kurucz, Agi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the propositional modal (and algebraic) treatment of two-variable first-order logic equality is modelled by a `diagonal' constant, interpreted in square products of universal frames as the identity (also known as the `diagonal') relation. Here we study the decision problem of products of two arbitrary modal logics equipped with such a diagonal. As the presence or absence of equality in two-variable first-order logic does not influence the complexity of its satisfiability problem, one might expect that adding a diagonal to product logics in general is similarly harmless. We show that this is far from being the case, and there can be quite a big jump in complexity, even from decidable to the highly undecidable. Our undecidable logics can also be viewed as new fragments of first- order logic where adding equality changes a decidable fragment to undecidable. We prove our results by a novel application of counter machine problems. While our formalism apparently cannot force reliable counter machine computations directly, the presence of a unique diagonal in the models makes it possible to encode both lossy and insertion-error computations, for the same sequence of instructions. We show that, given such a pair of faulty computations, it is then possible to reconstruct a reliable run from them.
A Statistical Test of Cultural Heterogeneity
Creators: name: McClellan, Autumn Deer
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: David Harding's theory of cultural heterogeneity (2010) seeks to amend existing theories of neighborhood mechanisms, such as social isolation and social organization theories, by (re)introducing a cognitive view of culture that allows for individual agency, divergent outcomes, and influence of conventional or mainstream cultural models. Constructed based on interviews, Harding's theory of cultural heterogeneity has yet to be tested using quantitative methods. After operationalizing cultural heterogeneity, I use nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression to test the effect of cultural heterogeneity on the probability of graduating high school, a common measure of educational attainment. My results suggest that cultural heterogeneity does have an effect on educational attainment, but not in the direction specified by Harding's theory. Further research is needed to conceptually clarify cultural heterogeneity in an effort to construct a better operationalization of the theory.
Self-Training Vision Language BERTs with a Unified Conditional Model
Creators: name: Yang, Xiaofeng
name: Lv, Fengmao
name: Liu, Fayao
name: Lin, Guosheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Natural language BERTs are trained with language corpus in a self-supervised manner. Unlike natural language BERTs, vision language BERTs need paired data to train, which restricts the scale of VL-BERT pretraining. We propose a self-training approach that allows training VL-BERTs from unlabeled image data. The proposed method starts with our unified conditional model -- a vision language BERT model that can perform zero-shot conditional generation. Given different conditions, the unified conditional model can generate captions, dense captions, and even questions. We use the labeled image data to train a teacher model and use the trained model to generate pseudo captions on unlabeled image data. We then combine the labeled data and pseudo labeled data to train a student model. The process is iterated by putting the student model as a new teacher. By using the proposed self-training approach and only 300k unlabeled extra data, we are able to get competitive or even better performances compared to the models of similar model size trained with 3 million extra image data.
Global and regional changes in carbon dioxide emissions: 1970-2019
Creators: name: James, Nick
name: Menzies, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce new frameworks to study spatio-temporal patterns in carbon dioxide emissions, demographic trends and economic patterns across 50 countries over the past 50 years. Our analysis is broken up into four sections. First, we introduce a new method to classify countries into one of three characteristic emissions classes based on a one, two or three-segment piecewise linear model. We reveal that most countries are best represented by a piecewise linear model with one change point. Next, we perform a decade-by-decade study of carbon dioxide trajectories. There, we demonstrate notable changes in cluster structures in each decade. We then study the spatial propagation of emissions over time, highlighting a peak in spatial dispersion in 2000, beyond which there has been a gradual decline in spatial emissions variance over space. Finally, we use carbon dioxide, GDP, and population data and apply dimensionality reduction and clustering to group countries based on similarity in their real and carbon economies.
description: Accepted manuscript. Minor edits since v1. Equal contribution
Green Vehicle Routing Problem: State of the Art and Future Directions
Creators: name: Sabet, Saba
name: Farooq, Bilal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Green vehicle routing problem (GVRP) aims to consider greenhouse gas emissions reduction, while routing the vehicles. It can be either through adopting Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) or with existing conventional fossil fuel vehicles in fleets. GVRP also takes into account environmental sustainability in transportation and logistics. We critically review several variations and specializations of GVRP to address issues related to charging, pickup, delivery, and energy consumption. Starting with the concepts and definitions of GVRP, we summarize the key elements and contributors to GVRP publications. Afterward, the issues regarding each category of green vehicle routing are reviewed, based on which key future research directions and challenges are suggested. It was observed that the main focus of previous publications is on the operational level routing decision and not the supply chain issues. The majority of publications used metaheuristic methods, while overlooking the emerging machine learning methods. We envision that in addition to machine learning, reinforcement learning, distributed systems, the internet of vehicles (IoV), and new fuel technologies have a strong role in developing the GVRP research further.
Topological entropy of sets of generic points for actions of amenable groups
Creators: name: Zheng, Dongmei
name: Chen, Ercai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B40, 28D20, 54H20

description: Let $G$ be a countable discrete amenable group which acts continuously on a compact metric space $X$ and let $μ$ be an ergodic $G-$invariant Borel probability measure on $X$. For a fixed tempered Følner sequence $\{F_n\}$ in $G$ with $\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}\frac{|F_n|}{\log n}=\infty$, we prove the following variational principle: $$h^B(G_μ,\{F_n\})=h_μ(X,G),$$ where $G_μ$ is the set of generic points for $μ$ with respect to $\{F_n\}$ and $h^B(G_μ,\{F_n\})$ is the Bowen topological entropy (along $\{F_n\}$) on $G_μ$. This generalizes the classical result of Bowen in 1973.
description: Science China Mathematics, 2017
Survivable Free Space Optical Mesh Network using High-Altitude Platforms
Creators: name: Truong, Dieu Linh
name: Dang, Xuan Vuong
name: Dang, The Ngoc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.1

description: Free space optical (FSO) communication refers to the information transmission technology based on the propagation of optical signals in space. FSO communication requires that the transmitter and receiver directly see each other. High-altitude platforms (HAPs) have been proposed for carrying FSO transceivers in the stratosphere. A multihop HAP network with FSO links can relay traffic between ground FSO nodes. In this study, we propose an end-to-end switching model for forwarding traffic between massive pairs of ground FSO nodes over a HAP network. A protection mechanism is employed for improving the communication survivability in the presence of clouds, which may break the line of sight (LoS) between HAPs and ground nodes. We propose an algorithm for designing the topology of the survivable HAP network, given a set of ground FSO nodes. The results demonstrate that, even though networks with survivable capacity use more resources, they are not necessary much more expensive than those without survivability in terms of equipment, i.e., HAPs and FSO devices, and in terms of wavelength resource utilization.
Argon difluoride stabilized at high pressure
Creators: name: Kurzydłowski, Dominik
name: Zaleski-Ejgierd, Patryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On account of the rapid development of noble gas chemistry in the past half-century both xenon and krypton compounds can now be isolated in macroscopic quantities. The same though does not hold true for the next lighter group 18 element, argon, which forms only isolated molecules stable solely in low-temperature matrices or supersonic jet streams. Here we present theoretical investigations into a new high-pressure reaction pathway which enables synthesis of Ar-bearing compounds in bulk and at room temperature.
Quantum plasmonic non-reciprocity in parity-violating magnets
Creators: name: Arora, Arpit
name: Rudner, Mark S.
name: Song, Justin C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical responses of metals are often dominated by plasmonic resonances - the collective oscillations of interacting electron liquids. Here we unveil a new class of plasmons - quantum metric plasmons (QMPs) - that arise in a wide range of parity violating magnetic metals. In these materials, a dipolar distribution of the quantum metric (a fundamental characteristic of Bloch wavefunctions) produces intrinsic non-reciprocal bulk plasmons. Strikingly, QMP non-reciprocity manifests even when the single-particle dispersion is symmetric: QMPs are sensitive to time-reversal and parity violations hidden in the Bloch wavefunction. In materials with asymmetric single-particle dispersions, quantum metric dipole induced non-reciprocity can continue to dominate at large frequencies. We anticipate that QMPs can be realized in a wide range of parity violating magnets, including twisted bilayer graphene heterostructures, where quantum geometric quantities can achieve large values.
Temperature-independent optical cavities for laser frequency stabilization
Creators: name: Zhadnov, Nikita
name: Masalov, Anatoly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for thermal expansion compensation of reference monolithic optical cavities for laser frequency stabilization. Two schemes of optical cavities are considered: a Fabry-Perot interferometer with a crimp ring and a whispering-gallery-mode cavity with a clamp. In each scheme, thermal expansion compensation is achieved due to the strained connection of the cavity with an element made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal expansion. The temperature region of the cavities' optical length stabilization is estimated.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Sc_{2}Ga_{2}CuO_{7}: A possible Quantum spin liquid near the percolation threshold
Creators: name: Kumar, R.
name: Khuntia, P.
name: Sheptyakov, D.
name: Freeman, P. G.
name: Rønnow, H. M.
name: Koteswararao, B.
name: Baenitz, M.
name: Jeong, M.
name: Mahajan, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sc$_{2}$Ga$_{2}$CuO$_{7}$ (SGCO) crystallizes in a hexagonal structure (space group: $P$$6$$_{3}/mmc$),\textcolor{black}{{} which can be seen as an alternating stacking of single and double triangular layers. Combining neutron, x-ray, and resonant x-ray diffraction we establish that the single triangular layers are mainly populated by non-magnetic Ga$^{3+}$ ions (85\% Ga and 15\% Cu), while the bi-layers have comparable population of Cu$^{2+}$ and Ga$^{3+}$} ions \textcolor{black}{(43\% Cu and 57\% Ga)}. Our susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 1.8 - 400 K give no indication of any spin-freezing or magnetic long-range order (LRO). We infer an effective paramagnetic moment $μ_{eff}=1.79\pm0.09$ $μ_{B}$ and a Curie-Weiss temperature $θ_{CW}$ of about $-44$ K, suggesting antiferromagnetic interactions between the Cu$^{2+}$($S=1/2$) ions. Low-temperature neutron powder diffraction data showed no evidence for LRO down to 1.5 K. In our specific heat data as well, no anomalies were found down to 0.35 K, in the field range 0-140 kOe.\textcolor{black}{{} The magnetic specific heat, $C_{m}$, exhibits a broad maximum at around 2.5 K followed by a nearly power law $C$$_{m}$$\propto$ $T$$^α$ behavior at lower temperatures, with $α$ increasing from }0.3\textcolor{black}{{} to} 1.9\textcolor{black}{{} as a function of field for fields upto 90 kOe and then remaining at 1.9 for fields upto 140 kOe. Our results point to a disordered ground state in SGCO. }
description: 10 pages, 13 figures
Spatial Hearing in Congenitally Blind People
Creators: name: Battal, Ceren
name: Falagiarda, Federica
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cognitive Neuroscience
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Neuroscience and Neurobiology
subject: Auditory
subject: Congenital blindness
subject: minimum audible angle
subject: Sound localisation

description: Behavioral data and scripts of auditory localisation in sighted and blind individuals
Regulations Aware Motion Planning for Autonomous Surface Vessels in Urban Canals
Creators: name: de Vries, Jitske
name: Trevisan, Elia
name: van der Toorn, Jules
name: Das, Tuhin
name: Brito, Bruno
name: Alonso-Mora, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In unstructured urban canals, regulation-aware interactions with other vessels are essential for collision avoidance and social compliance. In this paper, we propose a regulations aware motion planning framework for Autonomous Surface Vessels (ASVs) that accounts for dynamic and static obstacles. Our method builds upon local model predictive contouring control (LMPCC) to generate motion plans satisfying kino-dynamic and collision constraints in real-time while including regulation awareness. To incorporate regulations in the planning stage, we propose a cost function encouraging compliance with rules describing interactions with other vessels similar to COLlision avoidance REGulations at sea (COLREGs). These regulations are essential to make an ASV behave in a predictable and socially compliant manner with regard to other vessels. We compare the framework against baseline methods and show more effective regulation-compliance avoidance of moving obstacles with our motion planner. Additionally, we present experimental results in an outdoor environment
description: Accepted for presentation at ICRA 2022
Fusion of Probability Density Functions
Creators: name: Koliander, Günther
name: El-Laham, Yousef
name: Djurić, Petar M.
name: Hlawatsch, Franz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60-02

description: Fusing probabilistic information is a fundamental task in signal and data processing with relevance to many fields of technology and science. In this work, we investigate the fusion of multiple probability density functions (pdfs) of a continuous random variable or vector. Although the case of continuous random variables and the problem of pdf fusion frequently arise in multisensor signal processing, statistical inference, and machine learning, a universally accepted method for pdf fusion does not exist. The diversity of approaches, perspectives, and solutions related to pdf fusion motivates a unified presentation of the theory and methodology of the field. We discuss three different approaches to fusing pdfs. In the axiomatic approach, the fusion rule is defined indirectly by a set of properties (axioms). In the optimization approach, it is the result of minimizing an objective function that involves an information-theoretic divergence or a distance measure. In the supra-Bayesian approach, the fusion center interprets the pdfs to be fused as random observations. Our work is partly a survey, reviewing in a structured and coherent fashion many of the concepts and methods that have been developed in the literature. In addition, we present new results for each of the three approaches. Our original contributions include new fusion rules, axioms, and axiomatic and optimization-based characterizations; a new formulation of supra-Bayesian fusion in terms of finite-dimensional parametrizations; and a study of supra-Bayesian fusion of posterior pdfs for linear Gaussian models.
Land use affects the timing and magnitude of material delivery to headwater streams in coastal North Carolina
Creators: name: Schwartz, Rebecca
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2010

description: Headwater streams are both the transport vectors and receiving waters for landscape-derived materials. This high level of connectivity to their surrounding watershed imparts headwater streams with the ability to act as sentinels of impacts that may occur due to changing land uses. Determining the impacts of land use and precipitation patterns on material delivery by streams is requisite for quantifying and mitigating degradation resulting from watershed development. Headwater streams in the New River Estuary, NC, USA were monitored for one year, during which water samples were collected during base- and throughout storm-flow. Samples were analyzed for nutrient and total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations, and flow was measured continuously. This research determined that in developed watersheds, loading of some constituents (nitrate, ammonium, TSS) and stream discharge increased, as did the relative importance of storm flow delivery, when compared to reference watersheds. Flow measurement method and data analysis approach, both affected results.
Predicting 4D Liver MRI for MR-guided Interventions
Creators: name: Gulamhussene, Gino
name: Meyer, Anneke
name: Rak, Marko
name: Bashkanov, Oleksii
name: Omari, Jazan
name: Pech, Maciej
name: Hansen, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Organ motion poses an unresolved challenge in image-guided interventions. In the pursuit of solving this problem, the research field of time-resolved volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (4D MRI) has evolved. However, current techniques are unsuitable for most interventional settings because they lack sufficient temporal and/or spatial resolution or have long acquisition times. In this work, we propose a novel approach for real-time, high-resolution 4D MRI with large fields of view for MR-guided interventions. To this end, we trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) end-to-end to predict a 3D liver MRI that correctly predicts the liver's respiratory state from a live 2D navigator MRI of a subject. Our method can be used in two ways: First, it can reconstruct near real-time 4D MRI with high quality and high resolution (209x128x128 matrix size with isotropic 1.8mm voxel size and 0.6s/volume) given a dynamic interventional 2D navigator slice for guidance during an intervention. Second, it can be used for retrospective 4D reconstruction with a temporal resolution of below 0.2s/volume for motion analysis and use in radiation therapy. We report a mean target registration error (TRE) of 1.19 $\pm$0.74mm, which is below voxel size. We compare our results with a state-of-the-art retrospective 4D MRI reconstruction. Visual evaluation shows comparable quality. We show that small training sizes with short acquisition times down to 2min can already achieve promising results and 24min are sufficient for high quality results. Because our method can be readily combined with earlier methods, acquisition time can be further decreased while also limiting quality loss. We show that an end-to-end, deep learning formulation is highly promising for 4D MRI reconstruction.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics
Three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii solitary waves in optical lattices: stabilization using the artificial quartic kinetic energy induced by lattice shaking
Creators: name: Olshanii, M.
name: Choi, S.
name: Dunjko, V.
name: Feiguin, A. E.
name: Perrin, H.
name: Ruhl, J.
name: Aveline, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter, we show that a three-dimensional Bose-Einstein solitary wave can become stable if the dispersion law is changed from quadratic to quartic. We suggest a way to realize the quartic dispersion, using shaken optical lattices. Estimates show that the resulting solitary waves can occupy as little as $\sim 1/20$-th of the Brillouin zone in each of the three directions and contain as many as $N = 10^{3}$ atoms, thus representing a \textit{fully mobile} macroscopic three-dimensional object.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted in Phys. Lett. A
Gomphrena paranensis R. E. Fries 1921
Creators: name: Bena, Maria Julia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Amaranthaceae
Gomphrena
Gomphrena paranensis

description: Gomphrena paranensis R. E. Fries (1921: 36)
 Type (lectotype designated by Holzhammer 1956: 210):— BRAZIL. Paraná. Jaguariahyva, in campo, 21 November 1914, Dusen 15883 (S-R-2447!, image of the lectoytpe available at http://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.s-r-2447, isolectotype GH-00037081!, image of the isolectotype available at http://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.gh00037081).
description: Published as part of Bena, Maria Julia, 2017, Typification and nomenclatural notes on twenty-seven names of Gomphrena L. (Amaranthaceae) linked to the South American flora, pp. 131-146 in Phytotaxa 296 (2) on page 141, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.296.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/13687970