cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interference of Bose-Einstein condensates: quantum non-local effects
Creators: name: Mullin, William W. J.
name: Laloë, Franck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum systems in Fock states do not have a phase. When two or more Bose-Einstein condensates are sent into interferometers, they nevertheless acquire a relative phase under the effect of quantum measurements. The usual explanation relies on spontaneous symmetry breaking, where phases are ascribed to all condensates and treated as unknown classical quantities. However, this image is not always sufficient: when all particles are measured, quantum mechanics predicts probabilities that are sometimes in contradiction with it, as illustrated by quantum violations of local realism. In this letter, we show that interferometers can be used to demonstrate a large variety of violations with an arbitrarily large number of particles. With two independent condensates, we find violations of the BCHSH inequalities, as well as new N-body Hardy impossibilities. With three condensates, we obtain new GHZ (Greenberger, Horne and Zeilinger) type contradictions.
description: version published in Phys Rev
Arthur E. lmhof: Geschichte sehen. Fünf Erzählungen nach historischen Bildern. C. H. Beck: München 1990.
Creators: name: Schmid, Georg
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 1991

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 2 Nr. 4 (1991): Orte der Erinnerung
Edgar Hösch, Geschichte der Balkanländer. Von der Frühzeit bis zur Gegenwart, München: C. H. Beck 1988.
Creators: name: Troebst, Stefan
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 1991

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 2 Nr. 4 (1991): Orte der Erinnerung
Manifest Spacetime Supersymmetry and the Superstring
Creators: name: Berkovits, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The algebra of spacetime supersymmetry generators in the RNS formalism for the superstring closes only up to a picture-changing operation. After adding non-minimal variables and working in the "large" Hilbert space, the algebra closes without picture-changing and spacetime supersymmetry can be made manifest. The resulting non-minimal version of the RNS formalism is related by a field redefinition to the pure spinor formalism.
description: 10 pages
Distinguishing modified gravity with just two tensorial degrees of freedom from general relativity: Black holes, cosmology, and matter coupling
Creators: name: Iyonaga, Aya
name: Kobayashi, Tsutomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider spatially covariant modified gravity in which the would-be scalar degree of freedom is made non-dynamical and hence there are just two tensorial degrees of freedom, i.e., the same number of dynamical degrees of freedom as in general relativity. Focusing on a class of such modified gravity theories characterized by three functions of time, we discuss how modified gravity with two tensorial degrees of freedom can be distinguished observationally or phenomenologically from general relativity. It is checked that the theory gives the same predictions as general relativity for weak gravitational fields and the propagation speed of gravitational waves. We also find that there is no modification to asymptotically flat black hole solutions. Due to a large degree of freedom to choose the time-dependent functions in the theory, the homogeneous and isotropic cosmological dynamics can be made close to or even identical to that of the $Λ$CDM model. We investigate the behavior of cosmological perturbations in the long and short wavelength limits and show that in both limits the effects of modified gravity appear only through the modification of the background evolution. Finally, it is remarked that in the presence of a galileon field in the matter sector, the scalar degree of freedom is revived, ruining the essential feature of the theory.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
String cosmology in Bianchi I space-time
Creators: name: Banerjee, A.
name: Sanyal, Abhik Kumar
name: Chakraborty, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some cosmological solutions of massive strings are obtained in Bianchi I space-time following the techniques used by Letelier and Stachel. A class of solutions corresponds to string cosmology associated with/without a magnetic field and the other class consists of pure massive strings, obeying the Takabayashi equation of state.
description: 9 pages, 0 figures
Metric groups attached to biextensions
Creators: name: Datta, Swarnendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G$ be a connnected, unipotent, perfect group scheme over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0. V. Drinfeld has defined a certain metric group associated to biextensions of $G \times G$ by the discrete group $Q_p/Z_p$. We prove a certain conjecture of Drinfeld regarding the class of this metric group in the Witt group.
description: 21 pages
A chemical-loop approach for the generation of hydrogen by means of ethanol reforming
Creators: name: Trevisanut, Cristian <1985>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: CHIM/04 Chimica industriale

description: The work investigates the feasibility of a new process aimed at the production of hydrogen with inherent separation of carbon oxides. The process consists in a cycle in which, in the first step, a mixed metal oxide is reduced by ethanol (obtained from biomasses). The reduced metal is then contacted with steam in order to split the water and sequestrating the oxygen into the looping material’s structure. The oxides used to run this thermochemical cycle, also called “steam-iron process” are mixed ferrites in the spinel structure MeFe2O4 (Me = Fe, Co, Ni or Cu).
To understand the reactions involved in the anaerobic reforming of ethanol, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used, coupled with the mass analysis of the effluent, to study the surface composition of the ferrites during the adsorption of ethanol and its transformations during the temperature program. This study was paired with the tests on a laboratory scale plant and the characterization through various techniques such as XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, elemental analysis... on the materials as synthesized and at different reduction degrees
In the first step it was found that besides the generation of the expected CO, CO2 and H2O, the products of ethanol anaerobic oxidation, also a large amount of H2 and coke were produced. The latter is highly undesired, since it affects the second step, during which water is fed over the pre-reduced spinel at high temperature. The behavior of the different spinels was affected by the nature of the divalent metal cation; magnetite was the oxide showing the slower rate of reduction by ethanol, but on the other hand it was that one which could perform the entire cycle of the process more efficiently. Still the problem of coke formation remains the greater challenge to solve.
Photon and Graviton Mass Limits
Creators: name: Goldhaber, Alfred Scharff
name: Nieto, Michael Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efforts to place limits on deviations from canonical formulations of electromagnetism and gravity have probed length scales increasing dramatically over time.Historically, these studies have passed through three stages: (1) Testing the power in the inverse-square laws of Newton and Coulomb, (2) Seeking a nonzero value for the rest mass of photon or graviton, (3) Considering more degrees of freedom, allowing mass while preserving explicit gauge or general-coordinate invariance. Since our previous review the lower limit on the photon Compton wavelength has improved by four orders of magnitude, to about one astronomical unit, and rapid current progress in astronomy makes further advance likely. For gravity there have been vigorous debates about even the concept of graviton rest mass. Meanwhile there are striking observations of astronomical motions that do not fit Einstein gravity with visible sources. "Cold dark matter" (slow, invisible classical particles) fits well at large scales. "Modified Newtonian dynamics" provides the best phenomenology at galactic scales. Satisfying this phenomenology is a requirement if dark matter, perhaps as invisible classical fields, could be correct here too. "Dark energy" {\it might} be explained by a graviton-mass-like effect, with associated Compton wavelength comparable to the radius of the visible universe. We summarize significant mass limits in a table.
description: 42 pages Revtex4. This version contains corrections and changes contained in the published version, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 939-979 (2010), with a few additions
Lyapunov spectrum for rational maps
Creators: name: Gelfert, Katrin
name: Przytycki, Feliks
name: Rams, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D25, 37C45, 28D99, 37F10

description: We study the dimension spectrum of Lyapunov exponents for rational maps on the Riemann sphere.
description: final version
The Infrastructure of a Global Field of Arbitrary Unit Rank
Creators: name: Fontein, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11Y40

description: In this paper, we show a general way to interpret the infrastructure of a global field of arbitrary unit rank. This interpretation generalizes the prior concepts of the giant step operation and f-representations, and makes it possible to relate the infrastructure to the (Arakelov) divisor class group of the global field. In the case of global function fields, we present results that establish that effective implementation of the presented methods is indeed possible, and we show how Shanks' baby-step giant-step method can be generalized to this situation.
description: Revised version. Accepted for publication in Math. Comp
Focal Plane Wavefront Sensing using Machine Learning: Performance of Convolutional Neural Networks compared to Fundamental Limits
Creators: name: de Xivry, G. Orban
name: Quesnel, M.
name: Vanberg, P. -O.
name: Absil, O.
name: Louppe, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Focal plane wavefront sensing (FPWFS) is appealing for several reasons. Notably, it offers high sensitivity and does not suffer from non-common path aberrations (NCPA). The price to pay is a high computational burden and the need for diversity to lift any phase ambiguity. If those limitations can be overcome, FPWFS is a great solution for NCPA measurement, a key limitation for high-contrast imaging, and could be used as adaptive optics wavefront sensor. Here, we propose to use deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to measure NCPA based on focal plane images. Two CNN architectures are considered: ResNet-50 and U-Net which are used respectively to estimate Zernike coefficients or directly the phase. The models are trained on labelled datasets and evaluated at various flux levels and for two spatial frequency contents (20 and 100 Zernike modes). In these idealized simulations we demonstrate that the CNN-based models reach the photon noise limit in a large range of conditions. We show, for example, that the root mean squared (rms) wavefront error (WFE) can be reduced to < $λ$/1500 for $2 \times 10^6$ photons in one iteration when estimating 20 Zernike modes. We also show that CNN-based models are sufficiently robust to varying signal-to-noise ratio, under the presence of higher-order aberrations, and under different amplitudes of aberrations. Additionally, they display similar to superior performance compared to iterative phase retrieval algorithms. CNNs therefore represent a compelling way to implement FPWFS, which can leverage the high sensitivity of FPWFS over a broad range of conditions.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 13 pages, 14 figures
Estimation of a probability with optimum guaranteed confidence in inverse binomial sampling
Creators: name: Mendo, Luis
name: Hernando, José M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Sequential estimation of a probability $p$ by means of inverse binomial sampling is considered. For $μ_1,μ_2>1$ given, the accuracy of an estimator $\hat{p}$ is measured by the confidence level $P[p/μ_2\leq\hat{p}\leq pμ_1]$. The confidence levels $c_0$ that can be guaranteed for $p$ unknown, that is, such that $P[p/μ_2\leq \hat{p}\leq pμ_1]\geq c_0$ for all $p\in(0,1)$, are investigated. It is shown that within the general class of randomized or non-randomized estimators based on inverse binomial sampling, there is a maximum $c_0$ that can be guaranteed for arbitrary $p$. A non-randomized estimator is given that achieves this maximum guaranteed confidence under mild conditions on $μ_1$, $μ_2$.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/09-BEJ219 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
Hans Pohl, ed., The European Discovery of the World and its Economic Effects on Pre-industrial Society, 1500-1800. Papers of the Tenth International Economic History Congress, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 1990.
Creators: name: Cerman, Markus
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 1992

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 3 Nr. 1 (1992): Offenes Heft
Quantum Euler relation for local measurements
Creators: name: Touil, Akram
name: Weber, Kevin
name: Deffner, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In classical thermodynamics the Euler relation is an expression for the internal energy as a sum of the products of canonical pairs of extensive and intensive variables. For quantum systems the situation is more intricate, since one has to account for the effects of the measurement back action. To this end, we derive a quantum analog of the Euler relation, which is governed by the information retrieved by local quantum measurements. The validity of the relation is demonstrated for the collective dissipation model, where we find that thermodynamic behavior is exhibited in the weak-coupling regime.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
A mathematical model of turbulent drag reduction by high-molecular-weight polymeric additives in a shear flow
Creators: name: Barenblatt, Grigory Isaakovich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Drag reduction, or, what is the same, mean velocity increase in a turbulent flow at a fixed pressure drop through the addition of tiny amounts (several parts per million) of high molecular weight polymers (Thoms effect), is known already for more than sixty years. Rather long ago it was understood that this effect is related to supramolecular structures formed in the flow. Recent experiments by S. Chu, E.S.G. Shaqfeh and their associates, where the motion of supramolecular structures was directly observed, made it possible to understand and quantify the dynamic interaction of the polymeric structures with the solvent (water) flow. These results lead to the construction of a mathematical model of the Thoms effect, based on the Kolmogorov(1942)-Prandtl(1945) semi-empirical theory of shear flow turbulence.
description: 4 pages: 2 figures
QoS-Aware Load Balancing in Wireless Networks using Clipped Double Q-Learning
Creators: name: Rivera, Pedro Enrique Iturria
name: Erol-Kantarci, Melike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, long-term evolution (LTE) and 5G NR (5th Generation New Radio) technologies have showed great potential to utilize Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in optimizing their operations, both thanks to the availability of fine-grained data from the field, as well as the need arising from growing complexity of networks. The aforementioned complexity sparked mobile operators' attention as a way to reduce the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and the operational (OPEX) expenditures of their networks through network management automation (NMA). NMA falls under the umbrella of Self-Organizing Networks (SON) in which 3GPP has identified some challenges and opportunities in load balancing mechanisms for the Radio Access Networks (RANs). In the context of machine learning and load balancing, several studies have focused on maximizing the overall network throughput or the resource block utilization (RBU). In this paper, we propose a novel Clipped Double Q-Learning (CDQL)-based load balancing approach considering resource block utilization, latency and the Channel Quality Indicator (CQI). We compare our proposal with a traditional handover algorithm and a resource block utilization based handover mechanism. Simulation results reveal that our scheme is able to improve throughput, latency, jitter and packet loss ratio in comparison to the baseline algorithms.
Dennis Brailsford: Sport, time and society. The British at play, London u. New York: Routledge 1991.
Creators: name: Penz, Otto
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 1992

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 3 Nr. 1 (1992): Offenes Heft
Stabilization in $H^\infty_{\mathbb{R}}(\mathbb{D})$
Creators: name: Wick, Brett D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46E25, 46J10

description: In this paper we prove the following theorem: Suppose that $f_1,f_2\in H^\infty_\R(\D)$, with $\norm{f_1}_\infty,\norm{f_2}_{\infty}\leq 1$, with $$ \inf_{z\in\D}(\abs{f_1(z)}+\abs{f_2(z)})=δ>0. $$ Assume for some $ε>0$ and small, $f_1$ is positive on the set of $x\in(-1,1)$ where $\abs{f_2(x)}0$ sufficiently small. Then there exists $g_1, g_1^{-1}, g_2\in H^\infty_\R(\D)$ with $$ \norm{g_1}_\infty,\norm{g_2}_\infty,\norm{g_1^{-1}}_\infty\leq C(δ,ε) $$ and $$ f_1(z)g_1(z)+f_2(z)g_2(z)=1\quad\forall z\in\D. $$
description: v1: 22 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Pub. Mat; v2: 32 pages, 5 figures. The earlier version incorrectly claimed a characterization, as was pointed out by R. Mortini. A key hypothesis was strengthened with the main result remaining the same
Peter Becker, Leben und Lieben in einem kalten Land. Sexualität im Spannungsfeld von Ökonomie und Demographie. Das Beispiel St. Lambrecht 1600-1850 (Studien zu Historischen Sozialwissenschaft 15), Frankfurt am Main u. New York: Campus Verlag 1990.
Creators: name: Eichener, Alexander
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 1992

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 3 Nr. 3 (1992): Technikgeschichte
Comparing Community Structure to Characteristics in Online Collegiate Social Networks
Creators: name: Traud, Amanda L.
name: Kelsic, Eric D.
name: Mucha, Peter J.
name: Porter, Mason A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure of social networks of students by examining the graphs of Facebook "friendships" at five American universities at a single point in time. We investigate each single-institution network's community structure and employ graphical and quantitative tools, including standardized pair-counting methods, to measure the correlations between the network communities and a set of self-identified user characteristics (residence, class year, major, and high school). We review the basic properties and statistics of the pair-counting indices employed and recall, in simplified notation, a useful analytical formula for the z-score of the Rand coefficient. Our study illustrates how to examine different instances of social networks constructed in similar environments, emphasizes the array of social forces that combine to form "communities," and leads to comparative observations about online social lives that can be used to infer comparisons about offline social structures. In our illustration of this methodology, we calculate the relative contributions of different characteristics to the community structure of individual universities and subsequently compare these relative contributions at different universities, measuring for example the importance of common high school affiliation to large state universities and the varying degrees of influence common major can have on the social structure at different universities. The heterogeneity of communities that we observe indicates that these networks typically have multiple organizing factors rather than a single dominant one.
description: Version 3 (17 pages, 5 multi-part figures), accepted in SIAM Review
Bernhard Roeck, Lebenswelt und Kultur des Bürgertums in der frühen Neuzeit, München: Beck-Verlag 1991.
Creators: name: Weigl, Andreas
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 1992

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 3 Nr. 3 (1992): Technikgeschichte
Design conventions of Wari official garments
Creators: name: MacQuarrie-Kent, Janet Diane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The people of ancient Peru produced textiles four thousand years before the Spanish Conquest in 1532 A.D.. They used almost every known technique and created some of the world's most outstanding handwoven textiles. One of the most visually exciting groups are the finely woven interlocking tapestry tunics that served as the official garments of the Wari (Huari) culture (c.700-1000 A.D.). The Wari maintained a highly organized social and economic state and its rigidity is manifested in the formal iconography and artistic conventions of their textiles. With sophisticated design principles and the masterful use of colour, however, the Wari counteracted the problems of monotony and repetition inherent in the strictly prescribed design of the garments. Few of the existing Wari tunics have accompanying scientific provenience or grave associations and therefore little is known of their cultural role. An art historical approach, however, utilizing stylistic analysis breaks the barrier created by the sparse scientific documentation and facilitates the deciphering of design conventions. Very little has been written specifically on Wari textiles. To date, the most important work is a brief article by Alan Sawyer. (Sawyer, 1963:27-38) In it he examines some of the complex design conventions and suggests a methodology for establishing a relative chronology. His methodology will be used in this study. This thesis begins with an examination of the Wari culture based on well documented ceramic evidence and continues with a discussion of provenience (when known), distribution, technology and iconography of the textiles. The focus of this study is the use of design conventions. Examination of three major design conventions - lateral distortion, symmetry and colour usage - is followed by a comparative analysis and a discussion of relevant ceramic evidence. Sawyer has divided Wari official garments into the following three types: 1. Type 1 - Paired elements 2. Type 2 - Composite motifs 3. Type 3 - Staff bearing anthropomorphic figures. This thesis is primarily concerned with the first type. The sample for this study consists of 47 representative examples ranging from fragments to complete tunics of Type 1. Through the examination of lateral distortion and the comparative analysis of relevant ceramic evidence and known textile provenience, a relative chronology can be proposed. It will be shown that it is possible to evaluate the design conventions of symmetry and colour usage to determine the rules governing their application. This in turn permits the identification of regional and temporal traits.
Additional file 1 of The epidemiology and outcomes of hospitalized drowning in Thai children: a national data analysis 2015–2019
Creators: name: Niamsanit, Sirapoom
name: Uppala, Rattapon
name: Sitthikarnkha, Phanthila
name: Techasatian, Leelawadee
name: Saengnipanthkul, Suchaorn
name: Thepsuthammarat, Kaewjai
name: Sutra, Sumitr
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Quantum Optics of Non-Hermitian Optical Systems: Propagation of Squeezed State of Light through Dispersive non-Hermitian Optical Bilayers
Creators: name: Pilehvar, Elnaz
name: Amooghorban, Ehsan
name: Moravvej-Farshi, Mohammad Kazem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a rigorous and quantum-consistent description of dispersive non-Hermitian optical bilayers in the framework of the canonical quantization scheme. Then we investigate the propagation of a normally incident squeezed coherent state of light through such media, particularly at a frequency for which the bilayers become parity-time (PT) symmetric. Furthermore, to check the realization of PT-symmetry in quantum optics, we reveal how dispersion and loss/gain-induced noises and thermal effects in such bilayers can affect quantum features of the incident light, such as squeezing and sub-Poissonian statistics. The numerical results show thermally-induced noise at room temperature has an insignificant effect on the propagation properties in these non-Hermitian bilayers. Moreover, tuning the bilayers loss/gain strength, we show that the transmitted squeezed coherent states through the structure can retain to some extent their nonclassical characteristics, specifically for the frequencies far from the emission frequency of the gain layer. Furthermore, we demonstrate, only below a critical value of gain, quantum optical effective medium theory can correctly predict the propagation of quantized waves in non-Hermitian and PT-symmetric bilayers.
description: 8 figures
Infinite rate mutually catalytic branching
Creators: name: Klenke, Achim
name: Mytnik, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Consider the mutually catalytic branching process with finite branching rate $γ$. We show that as $γ\to\infty$, this process converges in finite-dimensional distributions (in time) to a certain discontinuous process. We give descriptions of this process in terms of its semigroup in terms of the infinitesimal generator and as the solution of a martingale problem. We also give a strong construction in terms of a planar Brownian motion from which we infer a path property of the process. This is the first paper in a series or three, wherein we also construct an interacting version of this process and study its long-time behavior.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOP520 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Additional file 1 of What matters to you? Public and patient involvement in the design stage of research
Creators: name: Hensman-Crook, Amanda
name: Farquharson, Lois
name: Truman, Juliette
name: Angell, Catherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table x GRIPP Short form [28].
Wolfgang Kos, Über den Semmering. Kulturgeschichte einer künstlichen Lan schaft, 2. Aufl., Wien: Edition Tusch 1991
Creators: name: Heiss, Hans
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 1993

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 4 Nr. 1 (1993): Revisionen
Where does Cosmological Perturbation Theory Break Down?
Creators: name: Armendariz-Picon, Cristian
name: Fontanini, Michele
name: Penco, Riccardo
name: Trodden, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the effective field theory approach to the coupled metric-inflaton system, in order to investigate the impact of higher dimension operators on the spectrum of scalar and tensor perturbations in the short-wavelength regime. In both cases, effective corrections at tree-level become important when the Hubble parameter is of the order of the Planck mass, or when the physical wave number of a cosmological perturbation mode approaches the square of the Planck mass divided by the Hubble constant. Thus, the cut-off length below which conventional cosmological perturbation theory does not apply is likely to be much smaller than the Planck length. This has implications for the observability of "trans-Planckian" effects in the spectrum of primordial perturbations.
description: 25 pages, uses FeynMP
On the (mis)interpretation of the scattering polarization signatures in the Ca II 8542 A line through spectral line inversions
Creators: name: Centeno, Rebecca
name: Rodriguez, Jaime de la Cruz
name: Aleman, Tanausu del Pino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering polarization tends to dominate the linear polarization signals of the Ca II 8542 A line in weakly magnetized areas ($B \lesssim 100$ G), especially when the observing geometry is close to the limb. In this paper we evaluate the degree of applicability of existing non-LTE spectral line inversion codes (which assume that the spectral line polarization is due to the Zeeman effect only) at inferring the magnetic field vector and, particularly, its transverse component. To this end, we use the inversion code STiC to extract the strength and orientation of the magnetic field from synthetic spectropolarimetric data generated with the Hanle-RT code. The latter accounts for the generation of polarization through scattering processes as well as the joint actions of the Hanle and the Zeeman effects. We find that, when the transverse component of the field is stronger than $\sim$80 G, the inversion code is able to retrieve accurate estimates of the transverse field strength as well as its azimuth in the plane of the sky. Below this threshold, the scattering polarization signatures become the major contributors to the linear polarization signals and often mislead the inversion code into severely over- or under-estimating the field strength. Since the line-of-sight component of the field is derived from the circular polarization signal, which is not affected by atomic alignment, the corresponding inferences are always good.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Pattern Rigidity in Hyperbolic Spaces: Duality and PD Subgroups
Creators: name: Biswas, Kingshook
name: Mj, Mahan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F67(Primary) 22E40, 57M50 (Secondary)

description: For $i= 1,2$, let $G_i$ be cocompact groups of isometries of hyperbolic space $\Hyp^n$ of real dimension $n$, $n \geq 3$. Let $H_i \subset G_i$ be infinite index quasiconvex subgroups satisfying one of the following conditions: 1) limit set of $H_i$ is a codimension one topological sphere. 2) limit set of $H_i$ is an even dimensional topological sphere. 3) $H_i$ is a codimension one duality group. This generalizes (1). In particular, if $n = 3$, $H_i$ could be any freely indecomposable subgroup of $G_i$. 4) $H_i$ is an odd-dimensional Poincare Duality group $PD(2k+1)$. This generalizes (2). We prove pattern rigidity for such pairs extending work of Schwartz who proved pattern rigidity when $H_i$ is cyclic. All this generalizes to quasiconvex subgroups of uniform lattices in rank one symmetric spaces satisfying one of the conditions (1)-(4), as well as certain special subgroups with disconnected limit sets. In particular, pattern rigidity holds for all quasiconvex subgroups of hyperbolic 3-manifolds that are not virtually free. Combining this with a result of Mosher-Sageev-Whyte, we get quasi-isometric rigidity results for graphs of groups where the vertex groups are uniform lattices in rank one symmetric spaces and edge groups are of any of the above types.
description: v3: 23 pages, no figs, Final version incorporating referee's comments. To appear in "Groups, Geometry and Dynamics"
Joint Models for Answer Verification in Question Answering Systems
Creators: name: Zhang, Zeyu
name: Vu, Thuy
name: Moschitti, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper studies joint models for selecting correct answer sentences among the top $k$ provided by answer sentence selection (AS2) modules, which are core components of retrieval-based Question Answering (QA) systems. Our work shows that a critical step to effectively exploit an answer set regards modeling the interrelated information between pair of answers. For this purpose, we build a three-way multi-classifier, which decides if an answer supports, refutes, or is neutral with respect to another one. More specifically, our neural architecture integrates a state-of-the-art AS2 model with the multi-classifier, and a joint layer connecting all components. We tested our models on WikiQA, TREC-QA, and a real-world dataset. The results show that our models obtain the new state of the art in AS2.
title: Supervision in the early years: a case study of ten nurseries within the private sector
Creators: name: Pawson, Gemma
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2022

description: Supervision is a valued practice within many helping professions such as social work, nursing
and counselling. The importance and benefits of supervision have been highlighted within
literature. However, there is limited research within the Early Childhood Education and Care
(ECEC) sector that examines supervision experiences, especially from the perspective of a
Nursery Manager. Supervision is a relatively new practice to the sector and was made a
statutory requirement of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) (DfE, 2012).
This thesis explores the supervision experiences of ten Nursery Managers that work within a
large, private day-care organisation. A conceptual framework was applied to this research
which consisted of three interrelated concepts. These were: (1) organisational culture, (2)
professional identity, and (3) well-being.
The research was conducted from an interpretive paradigm. Nursery Managers who led
Ofsted-rated ‘outstanding’ nurseries in the South of England were selected to participate in
the research over a three-month period. This study used mixed methods as part of a case
study approach. Mann and Warr’s (2017) concept of a methodological toolbox influenced the
choice of research methods, including metaphor cards, semi-structured interviews, and sand
tray compositions. Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-phased approach to the thematic analysis
was used as a framework to review the data.
Findings from this study revealed that all Nursery Managers delivered supervision, yet not all
of them were recipients of supervision. There was inconsistency in approach, frequency in
delivery and understanding of supervision across the group of ten Nursery Managers.
Overall, Nursery Managers believed that supervision was important. However, the data
suggests there is still work to do concerning supervision and professional identity. The study
indicated that organisational culture is particularly important to the implementation of
supervision. The study makes several recommendations, including addressing the absence of
training and authentic engagement with key stakeholders to ensure involvement in shaping
policies and procedures. Recommendations are also made concerning the Department for
Education and Ofsted.
Binary Star Origin of High Field Magnetic White Dwarfs
Creators: name: Tout, C. A.
name: Wickramasinghe, D. T.
name: Liebert, J.
name: Ferrario, L.
name: Pringle, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: White dwarfs with surface magnetic fields in excess of $1 $MG are found as isolated single stars and relatively more often in magnetic cataclysmic variables. Some 1,253 white dwarfs with a detached low-mass main-sequence companion are identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey but none of these is observed to show evidence for Zeeman splitting of hydrogen lines associated with a magnetic field in excess of 1MG. If such high magnetic fields on white dwarfs result from the isolated evolution of a single star then there should be the same fraction of high field white dwarfs among this SDSS binary sample as among single stars. Thus we deduce that the origin of such high magnetic fields must be intimately tied to the formation of cataclysmic variables. CVs emerge from common envelope evolution as very close but detached binary stars that are then brought together by magnetic braking or gravitational radiation. We propose that the smaller the orbital separation at the end of the common envelope phase, the stronger the magnetic field. The magnetic cataclysmic variables originate from those common envelope systems that almost merge. We propose further that those common envelope systems that do merge are the progenitors of the single high field white dwarfs. Thus all highly magnetic white dwarfs, be they single stars or the components of MCVs, have a binary origin. This hypothesis also accounts for the relative dearth of single white dwarfs with fields of 10,000 - 1,000,000G. Such intermediate-field white dwarfs are found preferentially in cataclysmic variables. In addition the bias towards higher masses for highly magnetic white dwarfs is expected if a fraction of these form when two degenerate cores merge in a common envelope. Similar scenarios may account for very high field neutron stars.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, accepted by MNRAS
Simulations of Torus Reverberation Mapping Experiments with SPHEREx
Creators: name: Kim, Minjin
name: Jeong, Woong-Seob
name: Yang, Yujin
name: Son, Jiwon
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Woo, Jong-Hak
name: Im, Myungshin
name: Byun, Woowon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reverberation mapping (RM) is an efficient method to investigate the physical sizes of the broad line region (BLR) and dusty torus in an active galactic nucleus (AGN). The Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx) mission will provide multi-epoch spectroscopic data at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. These data can be used for RM experiments for bright AGNs. We present results of a feasibility test using SPHEREx data in the SPHEREx deep regions for the torus RM measurements. We investigate the physical properties of bright AGNs in the SPHEREx deep field. Based on this information, we compute the efficiency of detecting torus time lags in simulated light curves. We demonstrate that, in combination with the complementary optical data with a depth of $\sim20$ mag in $B-$band, lags of $\le 750$ days for tori can be measured for more than $\sim200$ bright AGNs. If high signal-to-noise ratio photometric data with a depth of $\sim21-22$ mag are available, RM measurements can be applied for up to $\sim$900 objects. When complemented by well-designed early optical observations, SPHEREx can provide a unique dataset for studies of the physical properties of dusty tori in bright AGNs.
Kultureller Nationalismus in einem Europa der Regionen
Creators: name: Baumgartner, Gerhard
name: Gellner, Ernest
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 1993

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 4 Nr. 1 (1993): Revisionen
Nonlinear particle reacceleration by multiple shocks
Creators: name: Vieu, Thibault
name: Gabici, Stefano
name: Tatischeff, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the pressure of particles accelerated at shock waves is no longer negligible compared to the kinetic pressure of the gas, the linear theory of diffusive shock acceleration breaks down. This is expected in particular when the shock sweeps up preexisting cosmic rays, or when multiple shocks reaccelerate successively the same particles. To describe these systems, one has to account for the nonlinear backreaction of the particles on the magnetohydrodynamic flow. Using an up-to-date semi-analytical model of particle reacceleration at nonlinear shocks, we show that the presence of prexisting energetic particles strongly affects the shock profile, in such a way that the reacceleration of non thermal particles or the acceleration of particles from the thermal bath becomes less efficient. We further describe the evolution of the distribution of particles after several shocks and study the properties of the asymptotic solution. We detail the case of identical shocks as well as more realistic scenarios, including the heating of the medium or superbubble environments. When the particles are efficiently confined in the acceleration region, it is generally found that the spectrum converges toward a concave solution after a few tens of shocks, with a spectral index around 3.5 at the highest energy. The postshock cosmic ray pressure reaches an asymptotic value of about 4-5% of the ram pressure of one shock. Most of the shock pressure is transferred to escaping particles.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Deep Learning models for benign and malign Ocular Tumor Growth Estimation
Creators: name: Goswami, Mayank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Relatively abundant availability of medical imaging data has provided significant support in the development and testing of Neural Network based image processing methods. Clinicians often face issues in selecting suitable image processing algorithm for medical imaging data. A strategy for the selection of a proper model is presented here. The training data set comprises optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCT-A) images of 50 mice eyes with more than 100 days follow-up. The data contains images from treated and untreated mouse eyes. Four deep learning variants are tested for automatic (a) differentiation of tumor region with healthy retinal layer and (b) segmentation of 3D ocular tumor volumes. Exhaustive sensitivity analysis of deep learning models is performed with respect to the number of training and testing images using 8 eight performance indices to study accuracy, reliability/reproducibility, and speed. U-net with UVgg16 is best for malign tumor data set with treatment (having considerable variation) and U-net with Inception backbone for benign tumor data (with minor variation). Loss value and root mean square error (R.M.S.E.) are found most and least sensitive performance indices, respectively. The performance (via indices) is found to be exponentially improving regarding a number of training images. The segmented OCT-Angiography data shows that neovascularization drives the tumor volume. Image analysis shows that photodynamic imaging-assisted tumor treatment protocol is transforming an aggressively growing tumor into a cyst. An empirical expression is obtained to help medical professionals to choose a particular model given the number of images and types of characteristics. We recommend that the presented exercise should be taken as standard practice before employing a particular deep learning model for biomedical image analysis.
description: 22 Page, 10 Figures
Maria N. Todorova, Balkan family structure and the European pattern. Demographic developments in Ottoman Bulgaria, Washington: The American University Press 1992.
Creators: name: Kaser, Karl
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 1994

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 5 Nr. 1 (1994): Das Fremde vernichten
Horizontal Mergers with Capital Adjustments: Workers' Cooperatives and the Merger Paradox
Creators: name: Delbono, Flavio
name: Lambertini, Luca
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: We study the incentives towards horizontal merger among firms when the amount of capital is the strategic variable. The type of firms we focus on is workers' cooperatives, but our conclusions apply also to employment-constrained profit maximisers. Within a simple oligopoly model, we prove that the horizontal merger, for any merger size, is: (i) privately efficient for insiders as well as for outsiders; (ii) socially efficient if market size is large 
enough, including the case of merger to monopoly.
Extended Thomas-Fermi Density Functional for the Unitary Fermi Gas
Creators: name: Salasnich, Luca
name: Toigo, Flavio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the energy density $ξ(3/5) n ε_F$ and the gradient correction $λ\hbar^2(\nabla n)^2/(8m n)$ of the extended Thomas-Fermi (ETF) density functional, where $n$ is number density and $ε_F$ is Fermi energy, for a trapped two-components Fermi gas with infinite scattering length (unitary Fermi gas) on the basis of recent diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) calculations [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 99}, 233201 (2007)]. In particular we find that $ξ=0.455$ and $λ=0.13$ give the best fit of the DMC data with an even number $N$ of particles. We also study the odd-even splitting $γN^{1/9} \hbar ω$ of the ground-state energy for the unitary gas in a harmonic trap of frequency $ω$ determining the constant $γ$. Finally we investigate the effect of the gradient term in the time-dependent ETF model by introducing generalized Galilei-invariant hydrodynamics equations.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; corrected some typos; published in Phys. Rev. A; added erratum: see also the unpublished diploma thesis of Marco Manzoni (supervisors: N. Manini and L. Salasnich) at http://www.mi.infm.it/manini/theses/manzoni.pdf