cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SLab Database
Creators: name: CARRARO, Francesco
name: FONTE, SERGIO
name: CARLI, CRISTIAN
Publisher: name: IAPS Roma
Year: 2023

description: The authors acknowledge the support of MELODY: Moon multisEnsor and LabOratory Data analYsis project, PRIN INAF (RIC) 2019, (Fu. Ob.: 1.05.01.85.17, CRA 1.20), P.I. Federico Tosi; the Ol-BODIES project, ASI-INAF n.2018-16-HH.0.
description: The SLab Database is the core of the SLab HYDRA project and consists of 2 databases aimed to save and create backups of both data related to the SLab activities @ IAPS and data related to the users interested in participating the activities. The nature of above mentioned two kinds of data is quite different, being the first type related to science and the second type to personal information. This led to the decision of creating two different databases, called SLabData and SLabUsers. In this user manual it will be explained how the databases are structured and how they interact with other components of the SLab HYDRA project.
(400254) William Chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Full counting statistics of vibrationally-assisted electronic conduction: transport and fluctuations of the thermoelectric efficiency
Creators: name: Agarwalla, Bijay Kumar
name: Jiang, Jian-Hua
name: Segal, Dvira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the statistical properties of charge and energy transport in electron conducting junctions with electron-phonon interactions, specifically, the thermoelectric efficiency and its fluctuations. The system comprises donor and acceptor electronic states, representing a two-site molecule or a double quantum dot system. Electron transfer between metals through the two molecular sites is coupled to a particular vibrational mode which is taken to be either harmonic or anharmonic- a truncated (two-state) spectrum. Considering these models we derive the cumulant generating function in steady state for charge and energy transfer, correct to second-order in the electron-phonon interaction, but exact to all orders in the metal-molecule coupling strength. This is achieved by using the non-equilibrium Green's function approach (harmonic mode) and a kinetic quantum master equation method (anharmonic mode). From the cumulant generating function we calculate the charge current and its noise and the large deviation function for the thermoelectric efficiency. We demonstrate that at large bias the charge current, differential conductance, and the current noise can identify energetic and structural properties of the junction. We further examine the operation of the junction as a thermoelectric engine and show that while the macroscopic thermoelectric efficiency is indifferent to the nature of the mode (harmonic or anharmonic), efficiency fluctuations do reflect this property.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
(400255) Margaret Mackenzie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On the estimation of time dependent lift of a European Starling during flapping
Creators: name: Stalnov, Oksana
name: Ben-Gida, Hadar
name: Kirchhefer, Adam J.
name: Guglielmo, Christoper G.
name: Kopp, Gregory A.
name: Liberzon, Alex
name: Gurka, Roi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the role of unsteady lift in the context of flapping wings in birds' flight. Both aerodynamicists and biologists attempt to address this subject, yet it seems that the contribution of the unsteady lift still holds many open questions. The current study deals with the estimation of unsteady aerodynamic forces on a freely flying bird through analysis of wingbeat kinematics and near wake flow measurements using time resolved particle image velocimetry. The aerodynamic forces are obtained through unsteady thin airfoil theory and lift calculation using the momentum equation for viscous flows. The unsteady lift is comprised of circulatory and non-circulatory components. Both are presented over wingbeat cycles. Using long sampling data, several wingbeat cycles have been analyzed in order to cover the downstroke and upstroke phases. It appears that the lift varies over the wingbeat cycle emphasizing its contribution to the total lift and its role in power estimations. It is suggested that the circulatory lift component cannot assumed to be negligible and should be considered when estimating lift or power of birds in flapping motion.
(400256) Anne Jane Chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Differential neural activity during search of specific and general autobiographical memories elicited by musical cues
Creators: name: Giovanello, Kelly S.
name: Addis, Donna Rose
name: Ford, Jaclyn Hennessey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Previous neuroimaging studies that have examined autobiographical memory specificity have utilized retrieval cues associated with prior searches of the event, potentially changing the retrieval processes being investigated. In the current study, musical cues were used to naturally elicit memories from multiple levels of specificity (i.e., lifetime period, general event, and event-specific). Sixteen young adults participated in a neuroimaging study in which they retrieved autobiographical memories associated with musical cues. These musical cues led to the retrieval of highly emotional memories that had low levels of prior retrieval. Retrieval of all autobiographical memory levels was associated with activity in regions in the autobiographical memory network, specifically the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and right medial temporal lobe. Owing to the use of music, memories from varying levels of specificity were retrieved, allowing for comparison of event memory and abstract personal knowledge, as well as comparison of specific and general event memory. Dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal regions were engaged during event retrieval relative to personal knowledge retrieval, and retrieval of specific event memories was associated with increased activity in the bilateral medial temporal lobe and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex relative to retrieval of general event memories. These results suggest that the initial search processes for memories of different specificity levels preferentially engage different components of the autobiographical memory network. The potential underlying causes of these neural differences are discussed.
Datafile from A fully coupled hybrid lattice Boltzmann and finite difference method based study of transient electrokinetic flows
Creators: name: Basu, Himadri Sekhar
name: Supreet Singh Bahga
name: Kondaraju, Sasidhar
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Data of the manuscript is provided here.
Remembering what could have happened: Neural correlates of episodic counterfactual thinking
Creators: name: Schacter, D. L.
name: Addis, D. R.
name: Ford, J. H.
name: De Brigard, F.
name: Giovanello, K. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Recent evidence suggests that our capacities to remember the past and to imagine what might happen in the future largely depend on the same core brain network that includes the middle temporal lobe, the posterior cingulate/retrosplenial cortex, the inferior parietal lobe, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the lateral temporal cortex. However, the extent to which regions of this core brain network are also responsible for our capacity to think about what could have happened in our past, yet did not occur (i.e., episodic counterfactual thinking), is still unknown. The present study examined this issue. Using a variation of the experimental recombination paradigm (Addis et al., 2009), participants were asked both to remember personal past events and to envision alternative outcomes to such events while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Three sets of analyses were performed on the imaging data in order to investigate two related issues. First, a mean-centered spatiotemporal partial least square (PLS) analysis identified a pattern of brain activity across regions of the core network that was common to episodic memory and episodic counterfactual thinking. Second, a non-rotated PLS analysis identified two different patterns of brain activity for likely and unlikely episodic counterfactual thoughts, with the former showing significant overlap with the set of regions engaged during episodic recollection. Finally, a parametric modulation was conducted to explore the differential engagement of brain regions during counterfactual thinking, revealing that areas such as the parahippocampal gyrus and the right hippocampus were modulated by the subjective likelihood of counterfactual simulations. These results suggest that episodic counterfactual thinking engages regions that form the core brain network, and also that the subjective likelihood of our counterfactual thoughts modulates the engagement of different areas within this set of regions.
C-Speak Aphasia alternative communication program for people with severe aphasia: Importance of executive functioning and semantic knowledge
Creators: name: Helm-Estabrooks, Nancy
name: Sinotte, Michele P.
name: Nicholas, Marjorie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Learning how to use a computer-based communication system can be challenging for people with severe aphasia even if the system is not word-based. This study explored cognitive and linguistic factors relative to how they affected individual patients’ ability to communicate expressively using C-Speak Aphasia, (CSA), an alternative communication computer program that is primarily picture-based. Ten individuals with severe non-fluent aphasia received at least six months of training with CSA. To assess carryover of training, untrained functional communication tasks (i.e., answering autobiographical questions, describing pictures, making telephone calls, describing a short video, and two writing tasks) were repeatedly probed in two conditions: 1) using CSA in addition to natural forms of communication, and 2) using only natural forms of communication, e.g., speaking, writing, gesturing, drawing. Four of the ten participants communicated more information on selected probe tasks using CSA than they did without the computer. Response to treatment also was examined in relation to baseline measures of non-linguistic executive function skills, pictorial semantic abilities, and auditory comprehension. Only nonlinguistic executive function skills were significantly correlated with treatment response.
(400249) David Broadwood
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A differential deficit in time- versus event-based prospective memory in Parkinson's disease.
Creators: name: Sethna, Jim
name: Woods, Steven Paul
name: Poquette, Amelia J.
name: McTaggart, April B.
name: Tröster, Alexander I.
name: Raskin, Sarah A.
name: Williams, Rebecca C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The aim of the current study was to clarify the nature and extent of impairment in time- versus event-based prospective memory in Parkinson's disease (PD). Prospective memory is thought to involve cognitive processes that are mediated by prefrontal systems and are executive in nature. Given that individuals with PD frequently show executive dysfunction, it is important to determine whether these individuals may have deficits in prospective memory that could impact daily functions, such as taking medications. Although it has been reported that individuals with PD evidence impairment in prospective memory, it is still unclear whether they show a greater deficit for time- versus event-based cues.
Crossover to the stochastic Burgers equation for the WASEP with a slow bond
Creators: name: Franco, Tertuliano
name: Gonçalves, Patricia
name: Simon, Marielle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the weakly asymmetric simple exclusion process in the presence of a slow bond and starting from the invariant state, namely the Bernoulli product measure of parameter $ρ\in(0,1)$. The rate of passage of particles to the right (resp. left) is $\frac1{\vphantom{n^β}2}+\frac{a}{2n^{\vphantomβγ}}$ (resp. $\frac1{\vphantom{n^β}2}-\frac{a}{2n^{\vphantomβγ}}$) except at the bond of vertices $\{-1,0\}$ where the rate to the right (resp. left) is given by $\fracα{2n^β}+\frac{a}{2n^{\vphantomβγ}}$ (resp. $\fracα{2n^β}-\frac{a}{2n^{\vphantomβγ}}$). Above, $α>0$, $γ\geq β\geq 0$, $a\geq 0$. For $β<1$, we show that the limit density fluctuation field is an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process defined on the Schwartz space if $γ>\frac12$, while for $γ= \frac12$ it is an energy solution of the stochastic Burgers equation. For $γ\geqβ=1$, it is an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process associated to the heat equation with Robin's boundary conditions. For $γ\geqβ> 1$, the limit density fluctuation field is an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process associated to the heat equation with Neumann's boundary conditions.
Establishing the Probability of a real Effect Given the Data (PEGD) for randomized controlled trials published in the Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia — a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Jones, Philip
name: Chuang, Zachary
name: Martin, Janet
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biostatistics
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Statistics and Probability
subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Anesthesiology
subject: False positive
subject: cardiac
subject: Likelihood ratios
subject: anesthesiology
subject: RCT
subject: Bayes factors

description: Exploring the probability of real effects in cardiac anesthesia RCTs
Supplementary information from A fully coupled hybrid lattice Boltzmann and finite difference method based study of transient electrokinetic flows
Creators: name: Basu, Himadri Sekhar
name: Supreet Singh Bahga
name: Kondaraju, Sasidhar
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Supplementary information contains conversion between lattice units and dimensional units, and Chapman-Enskog analysis for conductivity transport equation.
Neuropsychological Assessment of HIV-Infected Populations in International Settings
Creators: name: Robertson, Kevin
name: Heaton, Robert
name: Liner, Jeff
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Resource-limited regions of the world represent the areas most affected by the global HIV epidemic. Currently, there are insufficient data on the neurocognitive effects of HIV in these areas and neuropsychological studies that have been carried out thus far are marked by inconsistent methods, test batteries, and rating systems for levels of cognitive impairment. These differences in methods, along with genetic variability of both virus and host, differences in co-infections and other co-morbidities, differences in language and culture, and infrastructural deficiencies in many international settings create challenges to the assessment of neurocognitive functioning and interpretation of neuropsychological data. Identifying neurocognitive impairment directly attributable to HIV, exploring relationships between HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment, disease variables, and everyday functioning, evaluating differences in HIV-1 subtype associated neuropathology, and determining implications for treatment remain complicated and challenging goals. Endeavors to establish a more standardized approach to neurocognitive assessments across international studies in addition to accumulating appropriate normative data that will allow more accurate rating of neuropsychological test performance will be crucial to future efforts attempting to achieve these goals.
(400250) Helen C Broadwood
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Magnetic Resonance-Based Imaging in Animal Models of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Creators: name: Sulik, Kathleen K.
name: Lipinski, Robert J.
name: Parnell, Scott E.
name: O'Leary-Moore, Shonagh K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), have recently been applied to the study of both normal and abnormal structure and neurochemistry in small animals. Herein, findings from studies in which these methods have been used for the examination of animal models of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) are discussed. Emphasis is placed on results of imaging studies in fetal and postnatal mice that have highlighted the developmental stage dependency of prenatal ethanol exposure-induced CNS defects. Consideration is also given to the promise of methodological advances to allow in vivo studies of aberrant brain and behavior relationships in model animals and to the translational nature of this work.
Pharmacological and Anatomical Evidence for an Interaction Between mGluR5- and GABAA α1-Containing Receptors in the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Ethanol
Creators: name: Besheer, Joyce
name: Hodge, Clyde W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The discriminative stimulus properties of ethanol are mediated in part by positive modulation of GABAA receptors. Recent evidence indicates that metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) activity can influence GABAA receptor function. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to examine the potential involvement of mGluR5 in the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol. In rats trained to discriminate ethanol (1 g/kg, intragastric gavage (i.g.)) from water, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethyl)-pyridine (MPEP) (1–50 mg/kg, i.p.) a selective noncompetitive antagonist of the mGlu5 receptor did not produce ethanol-like stimulus properties. However, pretreatment with MPEP (30 mg/kg) reduced the stimulus properties of ethanol as indicated by significant reductions in ethanol-appropriate responding, specifically at 0.5 and 1 g/kg ethanol, and a failure of ethanol test doses (1 and 2 g/kg) to fully substitute for the ethanol training dose. To test whether mGluR5 antagonism altered the GABAA receptor component of the ethanol stimulus, the ability of MPEP to modulate pentobarbital and diazepam substitution for ethanol was assessed. Pentobarbital substitution (1–10 mg/kg, i.p.) for ethanol was not altered by MPEP pretreatment. However, MPEP pretreatment inhibited the ethanol-like stimulus properties of diazepam (5 mg/kg, i.p.). To examine a potential anatomical basis for these pharmacological findings, expression patterns of mGluR5- and benzodiazepine-sensitive GABAA α1-containing receptors were examined by dual-label fluorescent immunohistochemistry with visualization by confocal microscopy. Results indicated that mGluR5- and GABAA α1-containing receptors were both coexpressed in limbic brain regions and colocalized on the same cells in specific brain regions including the amygdala, hippocampus, globus pallidus, and ventral pallidum. Together, these findings suggest an interaction between mGluR5- and benzodiazepine-sensitive GABAA receptors in mediating ethanol discrimination.
Prior Multiple Ethanol Withdrawals Enhance Stress-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior: Inhibition by CRF1- and Benzodiazepine-Receptor Antagonists and a 5-HT1a-Receptor Agonist
Creators: name: Breese, George R.
name: Navarro, Montserrat
name: Overstreet, David H.
name: Knapp, Darin J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Repeated withdrawals from chronic ethanol induce a persistent adaptive change. Further, stress substitutes for the initial two withdrawals of a multiple-withdrawal protocol to sensitize rats to withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior (‘anxiety’). Therefore, it was tested whether the persistent adaptation induced by multiple-withdrawal exposures allows stress to elicit anxiety after a period of abstinence. Social interaction was used to assess the degree of anxiety induced by 45 min of restraint stress 3, 7, or 14 days after rats were exposed to multiple withdrawals from a chronic 4.5% ethanol diet. Restraint stress reduced social interaction (ie anxiety-like behavior) at 3, but not at 7 or 14 days, after the multiple withdrawals. No anxiety response was observed in animals that received multiple withdrawals without stress or in animals that received stress when exposed only to control liquid diet. Drugs (ie a CRF1-receptor antagonist, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, and a 5-HT1A-receptor agonist) previously demonstrated to block the cumulative adaptation, when administered during repeated withdrawals, prevented stress-induced anxiety-like behavior during abstinence. Additionally, these drugs applied prior to stress in the rats previously exposed to the repeated withdrawal protocol, likewise, minimized stress-induced anxiety. The anxiety following stress during abstinence from previous chronic ethanol exposure is indicative of an interaction of stress with the persistent adaptive change caused by repeated withdrawals. Stress eliciting anxiety-like behavior during abstinence from previous ethanol exposures in rats is consistent with stress inducing anxiety during recovery (sobriety) in the alcoholic, a circumstance that can facilitate craving and relapse.
Genetic NMDA Receptor Deficiency Disrupts Acute and Chronic Effects of Cocaine but not Amphetamine
Creators: name: Dykstra, Linda A.
name: Ramsey, Amy J.
name: Caron, Marc G.
name: Medvedev, Ivan O.
name: Laakso, Aki
name: Sotnikova, Tatyana D.
name: Gainetdinov, Raul R.
name: Salahpour, Ali
name: Cyr, Michel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate transmission is required for several forms of neuronal plasticity. Its role in the neuronal responses to addictive drugs is an ongoing subject of investigation. We report here that the acute locomotor-stimulating effect of cocaine is absent in NMDA-receptor deficient mice (NR1-KD). In contrast, their acute responses to amphetamine and to direct dopamine receptor agonists are not significantly altered. The striking attenuation of cocaine's acute effects is not likely explained by alterations in the dopaminergic system of NR1-KD mice, since most parameters of pre-and post-synaptic dopamine function are unchanged. Consistent with the behavioral findings, cocaine induces less c-Fos expression in the striatum of these mice, while amphetamine-induced c-Fos expression is intact. NR1-KD mice can become sensitized and display conditioned place preference to cocaine; however, these behaviors are attenuated and develop more slowly in mutant animals. Our results highlight the importance of NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic transmission specifically in cocaine actions, and support a hypothesis that cocaine and amphetamine elicit their effects through differential actions on signaling pathways.
(400251) Jane Golightly
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Fine-tuning with Brane-Localized Flux in 6D Supergravity
Creators: name: Niedermann, Florian
name: Schneider, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are claims in the literature that the cosmological constant problem could be solved in a braneworld model with two large (micron-sized) supersymmetric extra dimensions. The mechanism relies on two basic ingredients: First, the cosmological constant only curves the compact bulk geometry into a rugby shape while the 4D curvature stays flat. Second, a brane-localized flux term is introduced in order to circumvent Weinberg's fine-tuning argument, which otherwise enters here through a backdoor via the flux quantization condition. In this paper, we show that the latter mechanism does not work in the way it was designed: The only localized flux coupling that guarantees a flat on-brane geometry is one which preserves the scale invariance of the bulk theory. Consequently, Weinberg's argument applies, making a fine-tuning necessary again. The only remaining window of opportunity lies within scale invariance breaking brane couplings, for which the tuning could be avoided. Whether the corresponding 4D curvature could be kept under control and in agreement with the observed value will be answered in our companion paper [arXiv:1512.03800].
description: 16 pages
Repeated Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Cytokine Treatments Sensitize Ethanol Withdrawal-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior
Creators: name: Knapp, Darin J.
name: Overstreet, David H.
name: Wills, Tiffany A.
name: Breese, George R.
name: Angel, Robert A.
name: Navarro, Montserrat
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Previous investigations demonstrated that repeated stresses before an ethanol exposure sensitize ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior (‘anxiety’). In addition to activating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, acute stress also elevates cytokines in brain. Initially, to test possible cytokine involvement in this stress/withdrawal protocol, cytokines were increased in brain with 2 weekly repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administrations (1000 μ/kg) (LPS/withdrawal protocol) or with twice weekly intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administrations of the cytokines IL-1β, CCL2 (MCP-1) or TNFα (cytokine/withdrawal protocol) before exposure and withdrawal from a 5-day cycle of chronic ethanol diet. Both protocols sensitized withdrawal-induced anxiety and confirm cytokine involvement in the sensitized anxiety response. Testing of various doses of LPS (16–1000 μg/kg) and TNFα (3–100 ng, i.c.v.) demonstrated the dose-related nature of these protocols to sensitize withdrawal-induced anxiety. The sensitized anxiety was not produced by a single 5-day ethanol diet cycle or by repeated LPS or cytokine treatments alone. Likewise, sensitized anxiety in these protocols could not be attributed to differences in ethanol ingestion. When challenged with a subsequent re-exposure to a 5-day ethanol diet cycle 16 days after completion of the LPS/withdrawal or cytokine/withdrawal protocols, an increase in withdrawal-induced anxiety was observed—an indication of induction of an underlying persistent adaptive change. Finally, just as found previously with the stress/withdrawal protocol, administration of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil before the LPS or TNF treatments prevented anxiety sensitization. Together, these findings indicate that increased cytokine activity induces adaptive change that supports sensitization of ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety that may be linked to GABAA-receptor function.
Context-aware learning for generative models
Creators: name: Perdikis, Serafeim
name: Leeb, Robert
name: Chavarriaga, Ricardo
name: Millán, José del R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work studies the class of algorithms for learning with side-information that emerge by extending generative models with embedded context-related variables. Using finite mixture models (FMM) as the prototypical Bayesian network, we show that maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) of parameters through expectation-maximization (EM) improves over the regular unsupervised case and can approach the performances of supervised learning, despite the absence of any explicit ground truth data labeling. By direct application of the missing information principle (MIP), the algorithms' performances are proven to range between the conventional supervised and unsupervised MLE extremities proportionally to the information content of the contextual assistance provided. The acquired benefits regard higher estimation precision, smaller standard errors, faster convergence rates and improved classification accuracy or regression fitness shown in various scenarios, while also highlighting important properties and differences among the outlined situations. Applicability is showcased with three real-world unsupervised classification scenarios employing Gaussian Mixture Models. Importantly, we exemplify the natural extension of this methodology to any type of generative model by deriving an equivalent context-aware algorithm for variational autoencoders (VAs), thus broadening the spectrum of applicability to unsupervised deep learning with artificial neural networks. The latter is contrasted with a neural-symbolic algorithm exploiting side-information.
description: Final version published in IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning systems
(400252) Anne sessions Page
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Live Video Synopsis for Multiple Cameras
Creators: name: Hoshen, Yedid
name: Peleg, Shmuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Video surveillance cameras generate most of recorded video, and there is far more recorded video than operators can watch. Much progress has recently been made using summarization of recorded video, but such techniques do not have much impact on live video surveillance. We assume a camera hierarchy where a Master camera observes the decision-critical region, and one or more Slave cameras observe regions where past activity is important for making the current decision. We propose that when people appear in the live Master camera, the Slave cameras will display their past activities, and the operator could use past information for real-time decision making. The basic units of our method are action tubes, representing objects and their trajectories over time. Our object-based method has advantages over frame based methods, as it can handle multiple people, multiple activities for each person, and can address re-identification uncertainty.
description: To be presented in ICIP 2015
Abstinence following Alcohol Drinking Produces Depression-Like Behavior and Reduced Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice
Creators: name: Besheer, Joyce
name: Hodge, Clyde W.
name: Stevenson, Jennie R.
name: Schroeder, Jason P.
name: Crews, Fulton T.
name: Nixon, Kimberly
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Alcoholism and depression show high degrees of comorbidity. Clinical evidence also indicates that depression that emerges during abstinence from chronic alcohol use has a greater negative impact on relapse than pre-existing depression. Although no single neurobiological mechanism can account for the behavioral pathologies associated with these devastating disorders, converging evidence suggests that aspects of both alcoholism and depression are linked to reductions in hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we report results from a novel preclinical behavioral model showing that abstinence from voluntary alcohol drinking leads to the emergence of depression-like behavior and reductions in neurogenesis. C57BL/6J mice were allowed to self-administer ethanol (10% v/v) vs H2O in the home cage for 28 days. Alcohol was then removed for 1 or 14 days, and mice were tested in the forced swim test to measure depression-like behavior. After 14 days, but not 1 day of abstinence from alcohol drinking, mice showed a significant increase in depression-like behavior. The significant increase in depression-like behavior during abstinence was associated with a reduction in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and doublecortin (DCX) immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus indicating that both the number of proliferating neural progenitor cells (NPC) and immature neurons were reduced, respectively. The number of NPCs that were labeled with bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) at the beginning of alcohol exposure was not altered indicating that survival of NPCs is not linked to abstinence-induced depression. Chronic treatment (14 days) with the antidepressant desipramine during abstinence prevented both the emergence of depression-like behavior and the reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis indicating that abstinence-induced depression is associated with structural plasticity in the hippocampus. Overall, the results of this study support the conclusion that profound functional (ie behavioral) and structural changes occur during abstinence from alcohol use and suggest that antidepressant treatment may alleviate some of these pathological neurobehavioral adaptations.
Novel Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Memantine: Increase in Neurotrophic Factor Release from Astroglia and Anti-Inflammation by Preventing Microglial Activation
Creators: name: Wei, Sung Jen
name: Flood, Patrick
name: Tzeng, Nian Sheng
name: Rawls, Scott M.
name: Qian, Li
name: Chen, Shih Heng
name: Hong, Jau Shyong
name: Wu, Hung Ming
name: Lu, Ru Band
name: Hu, Xiaoming
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Memantine provides clinically relevant efficacy in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson’s diseases. In addition to blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor on neurons, memantine has neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in in vivo and in vitro studies, however, the mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. To address this question, primary midbrain neuron-glia cultures and reconstituted cultures were used, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin from bacteria, was used to produce inflammation-mediated dopaminegic neuronal death. Here, we show that memantine exerted both potent neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons in rat neuron-glia cultures. The neurotrophic effect of memantine was glia-dependent, since memantine failed to show any positive effect on dopaminergic neurons in neuron-enriched cultures. More specifically, it appears that astroglia, not microglia, are the source of the memantine-elicited neurotrophic effects through the increased production of GDNF. Mechanistic studies revealed that GDNF upregulaton was associated with histone hyperacetylation by inhibiting the cellular histone deacetylase activity. In addition, memantine also displays neuroprotective effects against LPS-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage through its inhibition of microglia over-activation revealed by both OX-42 immunostaining and by the reduction of pro-inflammatory factors production such as extracelluar superoxide anion, intracellular reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and tumor necrosis factor-α. These results suggest that memantine therapy for neurodegenerative diseases acts in part through alternative novel mechanisms by reducing microglia-associated inflammation and stimulating the release of neurotrophic factors from astroglia.
A Multi-Objective Optimization Approach for Bulk Material Blending Systems
Creators: name: Cipold, Michael P.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013

description: Heutzutage verwenden Schüttgut-Mischbettsysteme immernoch hauptsächlich statische Methoden zum Aufbau der Mischhalden, wie das bekannte Chevron-Stacking. Die Echtzeitmessung der Materialqualität, wie beispielsweise mit Hilfe der Online-Röntgenfluoreszenzmessung möglich, erlaubt die dynamische Anpassung des Mischprozesses an die aktuelle Qualität. Diese Arbeit präsentiert ein Optimierungssystem für mehrere Zielparameter basierend auf verschiedenen Baldwinischen und Lamarckschen Reparaturalgorithmen und zeigt die Funktionalität anhand der Daten aus einem tatsächlichen System. Die optimierten Lösungen übertreffen immer die Lösungen, die mit statischen Methoden berechnet wurden und erlauben weiterhin Einsichten in die Natur des gestellten Problems und ein tieferes Verständnis der vorgestellten Algorithmen.
Appearance-Disappearance Relation in 3+$N_{s}$ Short-Baseline Neutrino Oscillations
Creators: name: Giunti, C.
name: Zavanin, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the relation between the amplitudes of short-baseline appearance and disappearance oscillations in 3+$N_{s}$ neutrino mixing schemes which is the origin of the appearance-disappearance tension that is found from the analysis of the existing data in any 3+$N_{s}$ neutrino mixing scheme. We illustrate the power of the relation to reveal the appearance-disappearance tension in the cases of 3+1 and 3+2 mixing using the results of global fits of short-baseline neutrino oscillation data.
description: 6 pages; final version to be published in Mod. Phys. Lett. A
Pharmacologically Induced Hypogonadism and Sexual Function in Healthy Young Women and Men
Creators: name: Gibson, Carolyn
name: Negro, Paula Palladino
name: Rubinow, David R.
name: Steinberg, Emma M.
name: Haq, Nazli
name: Schmidt, Peter J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Studies fail to find uniform effects of age-related or induced hypogonadism on human sexual function. We examined the effects of induced hypogonadism on sexual function in healthy men and women and attempted to identify predictors of the sexual response to induced hypogonadism or hormone addback. The study design used was a double-blind, controlled, crossover (self-as-own control). The study setting was an ambulatory care clinic in a research hospital, and the participants were 20 men (average ± SD age = 28.5 ± 6.2 years) and 20 women (average ± SD age = 33.5 ± 8.7 years), all healthy and with no history of psychiatric illness. A multidimensional scale assessing several domains of sexual function was the main outcome measure. Participants of the study received depot leuprolide acetate (Lupron) every 4 weeks for 3 months (men) or 5 months (women). After the first month of Lupron alone, men received (in addition to Lupron) testosterone enanthate (200 mg intramuscularly) or placebo every 2 weeks for 1 month each. Women received Lupron alone for 2 months, and then, in addition to Lupron, they received estradiol and progesterone for 5 weeks each. The results of the study: in women, hypogonadism resulted in a significant decrease in global measures of sexual functioning, principally reflecting a significant decrease in the reported quality of orgasm. In men, hypogonadism resulted in significant reductions in all measured domains of sexual function. Testosterone restored sexual functioning scores in men to those seen at baseline, whereas neither estradiol nor progesterone significantly improved the reduced sexual functioning associated with hypogonadism in women. Induced hypogonadism decreased sexual function in a similar number of men and women. No predictors of response were identified except for levels of sexual function at baseline. In conclusion, our data do not support a simple deficiency model for the role of gonadal steroids in human sexual function; moreover, while variable, the role of testosterone in sexual function in men is more apparent than that of estradiol or progesterone in women.
One trade at a time -- unraveling the Equity Premium Puzzle
Creators: name: Soklakov, Andrei N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Financial markets provide a natural quantitative lab for understanding some of the most advanced human behaviours. Among them is the use of mathematical tools known as financial instruments. Besides money, the two most fundamental financial instruments are bonds and equities. More than 30 years ago Mehra and Prescott found the numerical performance of equities relative to government bonds could not be explained by consumption-based (mainstream) economic theories. This empirical observation, known as the Equity Premium Puzzle, has been defying mainstream economics ever since. The recent financial crisis revealed an even deeper need for understanding financial products. We show how understanding the rational nature of product design resolves the Equity Premium Puzzle. In doing so we obtain an experimentally tested theory of product design.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Enhancement of coherence in qubits due to interaction with environment
Creators: name: Ignatyuk, V. V.
name: Morozov, V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of the initial preparation on dephasing in open quantum dynamics is studied using an exactly solvable model of a two-level system (qubit) interacting with a bosonic bath. It is found that for some classes of non-selective preparation measurements, qubit-bath correlations lead to a significant enhancement of coherence in the qubit at the initial stage of evolution. The time behavior of the qubit purity and entropy in the regime of enhancement of coherence is considered for different temperatures and coupling strengths.