cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
‘Joy, not sorrow’: Men's perspectives on gender, violence, and cash transfers targeted to women in northern Ghana
Creators: name: Palermo, Tia
name: Barrington, Clare
name: Peterman, Amber
name: Aborigo, Raymond
name: Pereira, Audrey
name: Akaligaung, Akalpa J.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023

description:
Evidence indicates that cash transfers can decrease intimate partner violence (IPV) against women, although most research has focused on women's perspectives and experiences, with less attention to men. We analyzed data from four focus group discussions with male partners of women who participated in the Ghana Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) 1000 cash transfer program. We elicited men's perceptions of poverty, relationship dynamics, IPV and cash transfers targeted to their wives using thematic analysis. Men largely viewed the effects of the cash transfer as positive - they felt decreased provider role strain when women used the cash to cover household expenses such as food and school fees. Men also indicated that they felt respected when women used the cash to cover sudden expenses, such as funeral costs, thus preventing the need to borrow from community members and exposing their inability to fulfill provider roles. These feelings of relief and respect helped improve men's overall wellbeing, their marital relationships and reduced the potential for IPV. Despite these positive results, men revealed that they still expected to be informed and consulted about the transfer and its expenditure, and felt disrespected when women did not do so, thus heightening the potential for household conflict. Further research and innovation in programming is needed to integrate gender transformative strategies into cash transfer programs, explicitly aimed at changing gender norms to enhance and sustain beneficial impacts on gender relations and IPV.
Additional file 2: of Determination of developmental and ripening stages of whole tomato fruit using portable infrared spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Creators: name: Skolik, Paul
name: Morais, Camilo
name: Martin, Francis
name: McAinsh, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S2. Predictive performance presented as sensitivity and specificity rates calculated for the SVM chemometric model intended to differentiate tomato fruit developmental stages from their ATR-FTIR spectral data. (DOCX 12 kb)
A microsimulation study of the benefits and costs of screening for colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Stevenson, Christopher Eric
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2001
Subjects: colorectal cancer
colonoscopy
sigmoidoscopy
faecal occult blood test (FOBT)
polyp growth
disease model
microsimulation
population screening

description: This thesis examines the benefits and costs of screening for colorectal cancer in the context of an organised population screening programme. It uses microsimulation modelling to derive an optimally cost-effective screening protocol for various combinations of the available screening tests. ¶ First a mathematical model for the natural history of colorectal cancer is derived, based on analyses of Australian population and hospital-based cancer registries combined with data from published studies. Then a model for population based screening is derived based mainly on data from published screening studies, including the four major published randomised controlled trials of faecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening. These two models are used to simulate the application of a screening programme to the Australian population. The simulations are applied to a period of 40 years following 1990 (the study’s base year), with both costs and benefits discounted back to the base year at an annual rate of 3%. ¶ ...
Flavour in $SU(5)$ Finite Grand Unified Models
Creators: name: Ramos, Luis Odín Estrada
name: Mondragón, Myriam
name: Patellis, Gregory
name: Zoupanos, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Four $SU(5)$ $N=1$ supersymmetric models which exhibit $S_3$ and/or $Z_N$ symmetries are studied, that are finite to two or all loops, and their corresponding mass matrices. The first is an all-loop finite model based on an $S_3\times Z_3\times Z_2$ flavour symmetry, which leads to phenomenologically nonviable mass matrices. The remaining models, based on cyclic symmetries, show various mass textures, some of which are phenomenologically promising. For the two-loop finite models, the parametric solutions to the finiteness conditions determine completely some of the Yukawa couplings, and lead to a restricted range of values for other ones at the GUT scale, with a considerable reduction in the number of free parameters. One particular solution of the two-loop models shows an enhanced symmetry, leading to an all-loop finite model, which has a significant parameter reduction and could in principle reproduce the observed quark masses and mixing pattern. In this case the finiteness conditions determine the absolute value of all the Yukawa couplings at the unification scale. Finally, the minimum number of phases in the mass matrices and their position are determined, a task not previously done in Finite Unified Theories, which contributes towards the reduction of parameters and a better understanding of the Yukawa couplings. the Yukawa couplings.
description: 42 pages, no figures. Modified abstract, extended introduction and conclusions, added references, and corrected typos. This version corresponds to the published paper in Fortschr. Phys
Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa
Creators: name: Stewardson, Carolyn Louise
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus
Pinnipedia
Otariidae
seals
Cape fur seal
South African fur seal
South Africa
Algoa Bay
Black Rocks
Bird Island
Plettenberg Bay
Eastern Cape
coast
biology
anatomy
age
growth
reproduction
testis
morphology
skull
baculum
sexual dimorphism
suture age
diet
prey species
dive behaviour
foraging behaviour
satellite telemetry
commercial harvest
sealing
population
size
fisheries
fishermen
bycatch
entanglement
operational interactions
heavy metals
PCBs
DDT
pollution
parasites
predation
shark
great white shark
storms
pup mortality
threats
conservation
management

description: Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Gross and microscopic visceral anatomy of the male Cape fur seal with reference to organ size and growth. Chapter 3 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part one, external body. Chapter 4 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part two, skull. Chapter 5 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part three, baculum. Chapter 6 Suture age as an indicator of physiological age in the male Cape fur seal. Chapter 7 Sexual dimorphism in the adult Cape fur seal: standard body length and skull morphology. Chapter 8 Reproduction in the male Cape fur seal: age at puberty and annual cycle of the testis. Chapter 9 Diet and foraging behaviour of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 10(a) The Impact of the fur seal industry on the distribution and abundance of Cape fur seals. Chapter 10(b) South African Airforce wildlife rescue: Cape fur seal pups washed from Black Rocks, Algoa Bay, during heavy seas, December 1976. Chapter 11(a) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part one, trawl fishing. Chapter 11(b) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part two, squid jigging and line fishing. Chapter 11(c) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part three, entanglement in man-made debris. Chapter 12 Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni & Zn) and organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, DDT, DDE & DDD) in the blubber of Cape fur seals. Chapter 13 Endoparasites of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 14(a) Preliminary investigations of shark predation on Cape fur seals. Chapter 14(b) Aggressive behaviour of an adult male Cape fur seal towards a great white shark Carcharodon carcharias. Chapter 15 Conclusions and future directions.
On supersymmetric E11 exceptional field theory
Creators: name: Bossard, Guillaume
name: Kleinschmidt, Axel
name: Sezgin, Ergin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an infinite system of non-linear duality equations, including fermions, that are invariant under global E11 and gauge invariant under generalised diffeomorphisms upon the imposition of a suitable section constraint. We use finite-dimensional fermionic representations of the R-symmetry E11 to describe the fermionic contributions to the duality equations. These duality equations reduce to the known equations of E8 exceptional field theory or eleven-dimensional supergravity for appropriate (partial) solutions of the section constraint. Of key importance in the construction is an indecomposable representation of E11 that entails extra non-dynamical fields beyond those predicted by E11 alone, generalising the known constrained p-forms of exceptional field theories. The construction hinges on the tensor hierarchy algebra extension of E11, both for the bosonic theory and its supersymmetric extension.
description: 90 pages. v2: Minor corrections, new references and new section 4.3 on linearised duality equations, JHEP version. v3: Minor corrections
Religious disparities in health in Bangladesh–the case of hypertension and diabetes: evidence from two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys
Creators: name: Khan, Shusmita Hossain
name: Rahman, Mahabubur
name: Alam, Nurul
name: Haider, M Moinuddin
name: Ibn Bashar, Mamun
name: Kamal, Nahid
Publisher: name: BMJ
Year: 2023

description:
OBJECTIVES: Religious affiliation, beliefs, and practices shape lifestyles and disease risks. This study examined Hindu-Muslim differences in the prevalence and management of hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh, a religiously plural country with 91% Muslims and 8% Hindus. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: We used the nationally representative 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) and 2017-2018 BDHS data. The 2011 BDHS collected blood pressure (BP) data with an 89% response rate (RR) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) data (RR 85%) from household members aged 35 years and above. The 2017-2018 BDHS collected BP and FBG data from household members aged 18 years and above with 89% and 84% RRs, respectively. We analysed 6628 participants for hypertension and 6370 participants for diabetes from the 2011 BDHS, 11 449 for hypertension and 10 744 for diabetes from the 2017-2018 BDHS. METHODS: We followed the WHO guidelines to define hypertension and diabetes. We used descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression to examine the Hindu-Muslim differences in hypertension and diabetes, and estimated predicted probabilities to examine the changes in hypertension and diabetes risk over time. RESULTS: Nine in 10 of the sample were Muslims. About 31% of Hindus and 24% of Muslims were hypertensive; 10% of both Hindus and Muslims were diabetic in 2017-2018. The odds of being hypertensive were 45% higher among Hindus than Muslims (adjusted OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.71; p<0.001). The levels of awareness, medication and control of hypertension were similar between the religious groups. Between the 2011 and 2017-2018 BDHS, the Hindu-Muslim difference in the prevalence of hypertension increased non-significantly, by 3 percentage points. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies on religious-based lifestyles, Hindu-Muslim differences in diet, physical activity, stress, and other risk factors of hypertension and diabetes are needed to understand Hindus' higher likelihood of being hypertensive, in contrast, not diabetic compared with Muslims.
Stochastic Resonance in Maps and Coupled Map Lattices
Creators: name: Gade, Prashant M.
name: Rai, Renuka
name: Singh, Harjinder
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the phenomenon of stochastic resonance (SR) for discrete-time dynamical systems. We investigate various systems that are not necessarily bistable, but do have two well defined states, switching between which is aided by external noise which can be additive or multiplicative. Thus we find it to be a fairly generic phenomenon. In these systems, we investigate kinetic aspects like hysteresis which reflect the nonlinear and dissipative nature of the response of the system to the external field. We also explore spatially extended systems with additive or parametric noise and find that they differ qualitatively.
description: 6 pages revtex document, 15 tex figures. (Submitted to Phys. Rev. E)
Maternal mortality in Bangladesh: Who, when, why, and where? A national survey-based analysis
Creators: name: Khan, Shusmita
name: Nahar, Quamrun
name: Chakraborty, Nitai
name: Haider, Moinuddin
name: Siddique, Abu Bakkar
name: Tahsina, Tazeen
name: Ameen, Shafiqul
name: Jabeen, Sabrina
name: Hossain, Aniqa Tasnim
name: Arifeen, Shams El
name: Rahman, Ahmed Ehsanur
name: Jamil, Kanta
Publisher: name: International Society of Global Health
Year: 2023

description:
Background: Despite a notable decline in recent decades, maternal mortality in Bangladesh remains high. A thorough understanding of causes of maternal deaths is essential for effective policy and programme planning. Here we report the current level and major causes of maternal deaths in Bangladesh, focusing on care-seeking practices, timing, and place of deaths. Methods: We analysed data from the 2016 Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and Health Care Survey (BMMS), conducted with nationally representative sample of 298 284 households. We adapted the World Health Organization's 2014 verbal autopsy (VA) questionnaire. Trained physicians reviewed the responses and assigned the cause of death based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). We included 175 maternal deaths in our analysis. Results: The maternal mortality ratio was 196 (uncertainty range = 159-234) per 100 000 live births. Thirty-eight per cent of maternal deaths occurred on the day of delivery and 6% on one day post-delivery. Nineteen per cent of the maternal deaths occurred at home, another 19% in-transit, almost half (49%) in a public facility, and 13% in a private hospital. Haemorrhage contributed to 31% and eclampsia to 23% of the maternal deaths. Twenty-one per cent of the maternal deaths occurred due to indirect causes. Ninety-two per cent sought care before dying, of which 7% sought care from home. Thirty-three per cent of women who died due to maternal causes sought care from three or more different places, indicating they were substantially shuttled between facilities. Eighty per cent of the deceased women who delivered in a public facility also died in a public facility. Conclusions: Two major causes accounted for around half of all maternal deaths, and almost half occurred during childbirth and by two days of birth. Interventions to address these two causes should be prioritised to improve the provision and experience of care during childbirth. Significant investments are required for facilitating emergency transportation and ensuring accountability in the overall referral practices.
Octonionic Hermitian Matrices with Non-Real Eigenvalues
Creators: name: Dray, Tevian
name: Janesky, Jason
name: Manogue, Corinne A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A33 (Primary) 15A18, 17A35, 17C99 (Secondary)

description: We extend previous work on the eigenvalue problem for Hermitian octonionic matrices by discussing the case where the eigenvalues are not real, giving a complete treatment of the 2x2 case, and summarizing some prelimenary results for the 3x3 case.
description: Plain TeX, 18 pages, 1 PS figure included with epsf (Revised to remove some preliminary results, now available as http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/math/0010255)
Some research aspects on Australian waste disposal
Creators: name: Chappell, Brian A.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Rock waste densities achieved in the construction of the embankments are a function of the manner in which the rock is placed and compacted. Just dumping the rock achieves low densities varying from 0.9 to 1.2 t/m³. This results in large deformations in the subsequent behaviour of the waste dump. Because of the anisotropies induced in the rock dump from both the placement and compaction techniques these deformations instigate major load arching characteristics of the embankment loads. The anisotropic rotational effects redistribute the embankment loads on to the valley abutments. The formation of the valley sheet joints generally occur in the regions where the embankment loads are arched onto the valley abutments. Of consequence these aspects of anisotropy, arching and valley sheet joints, require careful consideration.
Error bounds in normal approximation for the squared-length of total spin in the mean field classical $N$-vector models
Creators: name: Thành, Lê Vǎn
name: Tu, Nguyen Ngoc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05

description: This paper gives the Kolmogorov and Wasserstein bounds in normal approximation for the squared-length of total spin in the mean field classical $N$-vector models. The Kolmogorov bound is new while the Wasserstein bound improves a result obtained recently by Kirkpatrick and Nawaz [Journal of Statistical Physics, \textbf{165} (2016), no. 6, 1114--1140]. The proof is based on Stein's method for exchangeable pairs.
description: 12 pages
A Laplace operator and harmonics on the quantum complex vector space
Creators: name: Iorgov, N. Z.
name: Klimyk, A. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The aim of this paper is to study the q-Laplace operator and q-harmonic polynomials on the quantum complex vector space generated by z_i,w_i, i=1,2,...,n, on which the quantum group GL_q(n) (or U_q(n)) acts. The q-harmonic polynomials are defined as solutions of the equation Delta_qp=0, where p is a polynomial in z_i,w_i, i=1,2,...,n, and the q-Laplace operator Delta_q is determined in terms of q-derivatives. The q-Laplace operator Delta_q commutes with the action of GL_q(n). The projector H_{m,m'}: A_{m,m'} --> H_{m,m'} is constructed, where A_{m,m'} and H_{m,m'} are the spaces of homogeneous (of degree m in z_i and of degree m' in w_i) polynomials and homogeneous q-harmonic polynomials, respectively. By using these projectors, a q-analogue of the classical zonal spherical and associated spherical harmonics are constructed. They constitute an orthogonal basis of H_{m,m'}. A q-analogue of separation of variables is given. The quantum algebra U_q(gl_n), acting on H_{m,m'}, determines an irreducible representation of U_q(gl_n). This action is explicitly constructed. The results of the paper lead to the dual pair (U_q(sl_2), U_q(gl_n)) of quantum algebras.
description: 26 pages, LaTeX
Recurrent low-level luminosity behaviour after a giant outburst in the Be/X-ray transient 4U 0115+63
Creators: name: Escorial, A. Rouco
name: Wijnands, R.
name: Eijnden, J. van den
name: Patruno, A.
name: Degenaar, N.
name: Parikh, A.
name: Ootes, L. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2017, the Be/X-ray transient 4U 0115+63 exhibited a new type-II outburst that was two times fainter than its 2015 giant outburst (in the Swift/BAT count rates). Despite this difference between the two bright events, the source displayed similar X-ray behaviour after these periods. Once the outbursts ceased, the source did not transit towards quiescence directly, but was detected about a factor of 10 above its known quiescent level. It eventually decayed back to quiescence over time scales of months. In this paper we present the results of our Swift monitoring campaign, and an XMM-Newton observation of 4U 0115+63 during the decay of the 2017 type-II outburst, and its subsequent low-luminosity behaviour. We discuss the possible origin of the decaying source emission at this low-level luminosity, which has now been shown as a recurrent phenomenon, in the framework of the two proposed scenarios to explain this faint state: cooling from an accretion-heated neutron-star crust or continuous low-level accretion. In addition, we compare the outcome of our study with the results we obtained from the 2015/2016 monitoring campaign on this source.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. Accepted, Astronomy & Astrophysics
MOESM1 of Inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetes mellitus as facilitators of hypercoagulation and abnormal clot formation
Creators: name: Shehan Randeria
name: Thomson, Greig
name: Nell, Theo
name: Roberts, Timothy
name: Etheresia Pretorius
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of inflammatory biomarkers indicating their role in blood clotting (aberrant hypercoagulation and hypofibrinolysis), both in disease and experimental inquisition (*not specific to T2DM). Table S2. Inflammatory markers and how their dysregulation contributes towards the development, and/or pathogenesis of T2DM.
Additional file 12 of Endoplasmic reticulum stress increases exosome biogenesis and packaging relevant to sperm maturation in response to oxidative stress in obese mice
Creators: name: Li, Yangyang
name: Zhao, Wenzhen
name: Fu, Rong
name: Ma, Zhuoyao
name: Hu, Yanqin
name: Liu, Yue
name: Ding, Zhide
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 12.
MOESM2 of XL-DNase-seq: improved footprinting of dynamic transcription factors
Creators: name: Kyu-Seon Oh
name: Jisu Ha
name: Songjoon Baek
name: Myong-Hee Sung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary figures.
Two-gluon one-photon vertex in a magnetic field and its explicit one-loop approximation in the intermediate field strength regime
Creators: name: Ayala, Alejandro
name: Bernal-Langarica, Santiago
name: Jaber-Urquiza, Jorge
name: Medina-Serna, José Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find the general structure for the two-gluon one-photon vertex in the presence of a constant magnetic field. We show that, when accounting for the symmetries satisfied by the strong and electromagnetic interactions under parity, charge conjugation and gluon interchange, and for gluons and photons on mass-shell, there exist only three possible tensor structures that span the vertex. These correspond to external products of the polarization vectors for each of the particles in the vertex. We also explicitly compute the one-loop approximation to this vertex in the intermediate field strength regime, which is the most appropriate one to describe possible effects of the presence of a magnetic field to enhance photon emission during pre-equilibrium in peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We show that the most favored direction for the photon to propagate is in the plane transverse to the field, which is consistent with a positive contribution to $ν_2$ and may help to understand the larger than expected elliptic flow coefficient measured in this kind of reactions.
description: Key words: magnetic fields, heavy-ion collisions, photon puzzle, gluon-photon vertex
Increasing production diversity and diet quality: Evidence from Bangladesh
Creators: name: Younus, Masuma
name: Ahmed, Akhter
name: Hoddinott, John
name: Quisumbing, Agnes
name: Menon, Purnima
name: Roy, Shalini
name: Coleman, Fiona
name: Ghostlaw, Julie
name: Parvin, Aklima
name: Pereira, Audrey
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description:
In the context of rural Bangladesh, we assess whether agriculture training alone, nutrition Behavior Communication Change (BCC) alone, combined agriculture training and nutrition BCC, or agriculture training and nutrition BCC combined with gender sensitization improve: (a) production diversity, either on household fields or through crop, livestock or aquaculture activities carried out near the family homestead and (b) diet diversity and the quality of household diets. All treatment arms were implemented by government employees. Implementation quality was high. No treatment increased production diversification of crops grown on fields. Treatment arms with agricultural training did increase the number of different crops grown in homestead gardens and the likelihood of any egg, dairy, or fish production but the magnitudes of these effect sizes were small. All agricultural treatment arms had, in percentage terms, large effects on measures of levels of homestead production. However, because baseline levels of production were low, the magnitude of these changes in absolute terms was modest. Nearly all treatment arms improved measures of food consumption and diet with the largest effects found when nutrition and agriculture training were combined. Relative to treatments combining agriculture and nutrition training, we find no significant impact of adding the gender sensitization on our measures of production diversity or diet quality. Interventions that combine agricultural training and nutrition BCC can improve both production diversity and diet quality, but they are not a panacea. They can, however, contribute towards better diets of rural households.
Quantum localization in rough billiards
Creators: name: Frahm, Klaus M.
name: Shepelyansky, Dima L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the level spacing statistics p(s) and eigenfunction properties in a billiard with a rough boundary. Quantum effects lead to localization of classical diffusion in the angular momentum space and the Shnirelman peak in p(s) at small s. The ergodic regime with Wigner-Dyson statistics is identified as a function of roughness. Applications for the Q-spoiling in optical resonators are also discussed.
description: revtex, 4 pages, 5 figures
On the possible mechanisms of the selective effect of a non-equilibrium plasma on healthy and cancer cells in a physiological solution
Creators: name: Shneider, Mikhail N.
name: Pekker, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper discusses possible mechanisms for the selective effect of weakly ionized non-equilibrium plasma and currents in electrolyte on healthy and cancerous cells in physiological saline in a Petri dish. The interaction with the plasma source leads to a change in osmotic pressure, which affects the electro-mechanical properties of cell membranes in healthy and cancerous cells in different ways. The currents arising in the electrolyte charge the membranes of healthy and cancerous cells to a different potential difference due to the different values of the membranes' dielectric constant. We hypothesized that the dielectric permeability of cancer cell membranes is lower than that of healthy cells, as is the capacity of a unit of the membrane surface, and therefore, the additional potential difference acquired by the membrane through charging with currents induced in the intercellular electrolyte is greater in cancer cells. This can lead to electroporation of cancer cell membranes, resulting in their apoptosis, but does not effect healthy cells.
Association of gender-related factors and household food security in southwest Oromia, Ethiopia: evidence from a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Hiruy, Honelgn Nahusenay
name: Barden-O’Fallon, Janine
name: Mitiku, Fikadu
name: Millar, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2023

description:
Background Food insecurity is a major concern across Ethiopia and a long-standing public health problem. Vulnerability to food insecurity varies by several individual and household factors; however, understanding the role of gender-related factors can serve as additional input for designing policy and interventions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve in southwest Oromia, Ethiopia as part of a baseline assessment for the My Forest, My Livelihood, My Family program. A total of 1.113 households were selected from six woredas (districts) using a two-stage sampling procedure. The outcome variable was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, version 3. The association between gender-related factors and household food security was assessed by fitting a logistic regression. Results The prevalence of food insecurity was 62.4%, with 28.1% of households assessed as severely food insecure. Households with both the wife and husband making decisions about major purchases were associated with an increased odds of household food security (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.44, confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 1.96). The odds increased when the woman alone made these decisions (AOR 2.15, CI 1.20, 3.85). Women’s formal education was also associated with increased odds of household food security. Conclusions This study adds evidence that policy and programmatic interventions that improve the agency of women to participate in asset ownership and household economic decision making, expand female literacy and education, and diversify income sources to include off-farm wage employment in the Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve are important steps for improving household food security.
Haemorrhage-related maternal mortality in Bangladesh: Levels, trends, time of death, and care-seeking practices based on nationally representative population-based surveys
Creators: name: Jabeen, Sabrina
name: Nahar, Quamrun
name: Haider, M Moinuddin
name: Khan, Shusmita
name: Jamil, Kanta
name: El Arifeen, Shams
name: Ahmed, Anisuddin
name: Tahsina, Tazeen
name: Rahman, Ahmed Ehsanur
name: Chakraborty, Nitai
name: Ameen, Shafiqul
name: Hossain, Aniqa Tasnim
name: Siddique, Abu Bakkar
Publisher: name: International Society of Global Health
Year: 2023

description:
Background: Haemorrhage is a major cause of maternal deaths globally, most of which are preventable and predominantly happen in low and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh. We examine the current levels, trends, time of death, and care-seeking practices for haemorrhage-related maternal deaths in Bangladesh. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis with data from the nationally representative 2001, 2010, and 2016 Bangladesh Maternal Mortality Surveys (BMMS). The cause of death information was collected through verbal autopsy (VA) interviews using a country-adapted version of the standard World Health Organization VA questionnaire. Trained physicians reviewed the VA questionnaire and assigned the cause of death using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. Results: Haemorrhage accounted for 31% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 24-38) of all maternal deaths in 2016 BMMS, which was 31% (95% CI = 25-41) in 2010 BMMS and 29% (95% CI = 23-36) in 2001 BMMS. The haemorrhage-specific mortality rate remained unchanged between 2010 BMMS (60 per 100 000 live births, uncertainty range (UR) = 37-82) and 2016 BMMS (53 per 100 000 live births, UR = 36-71). Around 70% of haemorrhage-related maternal deaths took place within 24 hours of delivery. Of those who died, 24% did not seek health care outside the home and 15% sought care from more than three places. Approximately two-thirds of the mothers who died due to haemorrhage gave birth at home. Conclusions: Postpartum haemorrhage remains the primary cause of maternal mortality in Bangladesh. To reduce these preventable deaths, the Government of Bangladesh and stakeholders should take steps to ensure community awareness about care-seeking during delivery.
Lentilactobacillus farraginis Zheng, Wittouck, Salvetti, Franz, Harris, Mattarelli, O'Toole, Pot, Vandamme, Walter, Watanabe, Wuyts, Felis, Gänzle & Lebeer, 2020, COMB. NOV.
Creators: name: Zheng, Jinshui
name: Wittouck, Stijn
name: Salvetti, Elisa
name: Franz, Charles M. A. P.
name: Harris, Hugh M. B.
name: Mattarelli, Paola
name: O'Toole, Paul W.
name: Pot, Bruno
name: Vandamme, Peter
name: Walter, Jens
name: Watanabe, Koichi
name: Wuyts, Sander
name: Felis, Giovanna E.
name: Gänzle, Michael G.
name: Lebeer, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Bacteria
Firmicutes
Bacilli
Lactobacillales
Lactobacillaceae
Lentilactobacillus
Lentilactobacillus farraginis

description: DESCRIPTION OF LENTILACTOBACILLUS FARRAGINIS COMB. NOV.
 Lentilactobacillus farraginis (far.ra’gi.nis. L. gen. n. farraginis of mash, referring to soshu mash as an ingredient of the compost from which the type strain was isolated).
 Basonym: Lactobacillus farraginis Endo and Okada 2007, 711 VP
Growth is observed at 15 and 45°C and up to pH 9.0 for some strains [329]. The genome size of the type strain is 2.86 Mbp. The mol% G+C content of DNA is 42.1.
Isolated from isolated from a compost of distilled shochu residue.
 The type strain is DSM 18382 T = JCM 14108 T = NRIC 0676 T.
Genome sequence accession number: AZFY00000000.
16S rRNA gene accession number: AB262731.
description: Published as part of Zheng, Jinshui, Wittouck, Stijn, Salvetti, Elisa, Franz, Charles M. A. P., Harris, Hugh M. B., Mattarelli, Paola, O'Toole, Paul W., Pot, Bruno, Vandamme, Peter, Walter, Jens, Watanabe, Koichi, Wuyts, Sander, Felis, Giovanna E., Gänzle, Michael G. & Lebeer, Sarah, 2020, A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae, pp. 2782-2858 in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (4) on page 2845, DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107, http://zenodo.org/record/10114954
Social venues and HIV vulnerability of young venue workers: a cluster analysis of data from a national-level cross-sectional survey of social venues in Uganda
Creators: name: Weir, Sharon Stucker
name: Ssengooba, Freddie
name: Babirye, Susan
name: Michielsen, Kristien
Publisher: name: BMJ
Year: 2023

description:
OBJECTIVE: Venues where people socialize, such as bars, play a significant role in HIV transmission risk. However, little research has been done that identifies characteristics of high-risk venues, to inform HIV prevention efforts. This study identified clusters of social venues in Uganda and their relationship with HIV vulnerability of young venue workers (15-24 years). We also assessed availability of HIV prevention services at the venues. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a secondary analysis of data from a larger cross-sectional survey of social venues in 25 districts of Uganda. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 480 venues that employed young workers were included in this study. ANALYSIS: Hierarchical cluster and mixed-effects regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Four clusters were adopted: cluster 1 represented 127 venues (mainly alcohol-serving sex work venues with a provision of on-site sex); cluster 2 represented 80 venues (mainly alcohol-serving sex work venues without a provision of on-site sex); cluster 3 represented 113 venues (mainly alcohol-serving venues without sex work or on-site sex); and cluster 4 represented 160 venues (non-alcohol-serving venues). We found a positive correlation between venue clusters and HIV vulnerability. Workers who belonged to cluster 1 (alcohol-serving sex work venues with a provision of on-site sex) had a 0.15 increase in HIV vulnerability compared with those in alcohol-serving venues without sex work or a provision of on-site sex (cluster 3) (coefficient: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.030 to 0.287) after adjusting for age, sex and marital status. Thirty-seven per cent of cluster 1 venues reported any HIV prevention services in the past 12 months. CONCLUSION: Alcohol-serving sex work venues with a provision of on-site sex (cluster 1) appeared to reinforce vulnerability to HIV in this study and should be targeted with HIV prevention interventions. Such venues can amplify HIV transmission by facilitating sexual partner coupling and on-site sex.
Calibrating and standardizing the Tip of the Red Giant Branch in the Small Magellanic Cloud using small-amplitude red giants
Creators: name: Koblischke, Nolan W.
name: Anderson, Richard I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the absolute calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using small amplitude red giant stars (SARGs) classified by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE). We show that all stars near the SMC's TRGB are SARGs. Distinguishing older and younger RGs near the Tip according to two period-luminosity sequences labeled A and B, we show many similarities among SARG populations of the LMC and the SMC, along with notable differences. Specifically, SMC SARGs have shorter periods due to lower metallicity and smaller amplitudes due to younger ages than LMC SARGs. We discover two period-color relations near the TRGB that span all A- and B-sequence stars in the OGLE-III footprints of the SMC and LMC, and we investigate using periods instead of color for TRGB standardization. Using variability derived information only, we trace the SMC's age and metallicity gradients and show the core to be populated by younger, more metal rich RGs. The B-sequence yields the brightest and most accurate calibration ($M_{\mathrm{F814W,syn}} = -4.057 \pm 0.019 (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 0.029 (\mathrm{syst.})$ mag), which we use to measure the distance modulus difference between the Clouds and investigate metallicity effects. Distance measurements not informed by variability should employ the SARGs-based calibration based on all stars near the tip ($M_{\mathrm{F814W,syn}} = -4.024 \pm 0.041 (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 0.029 (\mathrm{syst.})$ mag). Our work highlights the impact of RG population diversity on TRGB distance measurements. Further study is needed unravel these effects and improve TRGB standardization.
description: 22 pages, 15 figures, ApJ 974, A181 (2024)
Nonstationary Gauss-Markov Processes: Parameter Estimation and Dispersion
Creators: name: Tian, Peida
name: Kostina, Victoria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper provides a precise error analysis for the maximum likelihood estimate $\hat{a}_{\text{ML}}(u_1^n)$ of the parameter $a$ given samples $u_1^n = (u_1, \ldots, u_n)'$ drawn from a nonstationary Gauss-Markov process $U_i = a U_{i-1} + Z_i,~i\geq 1$, where $U_0 = 0$, $a> 1$, and $Z_i$'s are independent Gaussian random variables with zero mean and variance $σ^2$. We show a tight nonasymptotic exponentially decaying bound on the tail probability of the estimation error. Unlike previous works, our bound is tight already for a sample size of the order of hundreds. We apply the new estimation bound to find the dispersion for lossy compression of nonstationary Gauss-Markov sources. We show that the dispersion is given by the same integral formula that we derived previously for the asymptotically stationary Gauss-Markov sources, i.e., $|a| < 1$. New ideas in the nonstationary case include separately bounding the maximum eigenvalue (which scales exponentially) and the other eigenvalues (which are bounded by constants that depend only on $a$) of the covariance matrix of the source sequence, and new techniques in the derivation of our estimation error bound.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1: of Determination of developmental and ripening stages of whole tomato fruit using portable infrared spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Creators: name: Skolik, Paul
name: Morais, Camilo
name: Martin, Francis
name: McAinsh, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S1. Predictive performance presented as sensitivity and specificity rates calculated for the PCA-LDA chemometric model intended to differentiate tomato fruit developmental and ripening stages from their ATR-FTIR spectral data. (DOCX 13 kb)
Grieving Without God: Comparing Posttraumatic Growth, Complicated Grief, and Psychological Distress in Believers and Atheists During Bereavement
Creators: Sawyer, Jacob Scott
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Counseling psychology
Bereavement
Posttraumatic growth
Atheists
Grief--Religious aspects

description: The purpose of this dissertation was to examine coping and outcomes of grief for atheist individuals during bereavement. The landscape of grief research has significantly changed since the days of Freud, and widely accepted stage theory models of grief have not held up to empirical review (Wortman & Silver, 1989). Emerging research examines factors that may lead to positive changes as a result of loss or trauma, known as posttraumatic growth. However, atheist individuals continue to be an understudied group in the psychological and bereavement literature, while people with religious beliefs continue to receive the most focus (Brewster, Robinson, Sandil, Esposito, & Geiger, 2014; D’Andrea & Sprenger, 2007). This study explored how cognitive (e.g., assumptions about the world), existential (e.g., meaning), and behavioral (active and emotional) coping methods are associated with posttraumatic growth, complicated grief, and psychological distress in a believer and atheist sample after the death of a close friend or family member. Specifically, posttraumatic growth, complicated grief, and psychological distress were regressed onto the three types of coping (cognitive, existential, and behavioral) using a hierarchical regression analysis. The first analysis controlled for demographic variables and the second analysis consisted of matched groups on demographic variables that were found to be associated with grief outcomes in prior research (e.g., Bonanno et al., 2008; Bonanno, Galea, Bucciarelli, & Vlahov, 2007). Exploratory bivariate correlations were conducted to assess interrelations between the variables of interest. Additionally, MANOVA was used to assess differences in demographic variables between the believer and atheist sample. Significant cognitive, existential, and behavioral coping methods were found to be associated with posttraumatic growth, complicated grief, and psychological distress. Furthermore, the endorsement of a belief in God(s) was significantly and positively associated with posttraumatic growth, but also significantly and positively associated with complicated grief and psychological distress. Results from this study can be used to identify appropriate clinical strategies for counselors working with grieving atheists, and will deepen the breadth of literature on bereavement and coping within diverse populations. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
An Intermittency Model For Passive-Scalar Turbulence
Creators: name: Cao, Nianzheng
name: Chen, Shiyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A phenomenological model for the inertial range scaling of passive-scalar turbulence is developed based on a bivariate log-Poisson model. An analytical formula of the scaling exponent for three-dimensional passive-scalar turbulence is deduced. The predicted scaling exponents are compared with experimental measurements, showing good agreement.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
On combining information from multiple gravitational wave sources
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Aaron
name: Haster, Carl-Johan
name: Chatziioannou, Katerina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the coming years, advanced gravitational wave detectors will observe signals from a large number of compact binary coalescences. The majority of these signals will be relatively weak, making the precision measurement of subtle effects, such as deviations from general relativity, challenging in the individual events. However, many weak observations can be combined into precise inferences, if information from the individual signals is combined in an appropriate way. In this study we revisit common methods for combining multiple gravitational wave observations to test general relativity, namely (i) multiplying the individual likelihoods of beyond-general-relativity parameters and (ii) multiplying the Bayes Factor in favor of general relativity from each event. We discuss both methods and show that they make stringent assumptions about the modified theory of gravity they test. In particular, the former assumes that all events share the same beyond-general-relativity parameter, while the latter assumes that the theory of gravity has a new unrelated parameter for each detection. We show that each method can fail to detect deviations from general relativity when the modified theory being tested violates these assumptions. We argue that these two methods are the extreme limits of a more generic framework of hierarchical inference on hyperparameters that characterize the underlying distribution of single-event parameters. We illustrate our conclusions first using a simple model of Gaussian likelihoods, and also by applying parameter estimation techniques to a simulated dataset of gravitational waveforms in a model where the graviton is massive. We argue that combining information from multiple sources requires explicit assumptions that make the results inherently model-dependent.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures