cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Robust Cosmological Bounds on Neutrinos and their Combination with Oscillation Results
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C.
name: Maltoni, Michele
name: Salvado, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a global analysis of cosmological observables in generalized cosmologies which depart from $Λ$CDM models by allowing non-vanishing curvature $Ω_k\neq 0$, dark energy with equation of state with $ω\neq -1$, the presence of additional relativistic degrees of freedom $ΔN_{\rm rel}$, and neutrino masses $Ω_ν\neq 0$. By combining the data from cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments (in particular the latest results from WMAP-7), the present day Hubble constant (H0) measurement, the high-redshift Type-I supernovae (SN) results and the information from large scale structure (LSS) surveys, we determine the parameters in the 10-dimensional parameter space for such models. We present the results from the analysis when the full shape information from the LSS matter power spectrum (LSSPS) is included versus when only the corresponding distance measurement from the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) is accounted for. We compare the bounds on the neutrino mass scale in these generalized scenarios with those obtained for the 6+1 parameter analysis in $Λ{\rm CDM}+m_ν$ models and we also study the dependence of those on the set of observables included in the analysis. Finally we combine these results with the information on neutrino mass differences and mixing from the global analysis of neutrino oscillation experiments and derive the presently allowed ranges for the two laboratory probes of the absolute scale of neutrino mass: the effective electron neutrino mass in single beta decay and the effective Majorana neutrino mass in neutrinoless $ββ$ decay.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures. Acknowledgments corrected
title: Spectrum of abdominal masses in children at JPMC Karachi Tertiary care center : An integrated imaging approach to diagnosis.
Creators: name: Ahsan, Marya
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Haemangioma
subject: Cancer
subject: Screening
subject: Contrast agent-oral
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Paediatric
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Main aim is to highlight the principles and advantages of advanced imaging techniques for pediatric abdominal masses. To illustrate findings of contrast enhanced CT abdomen for abdominal masses in pediatric population. To discuss the common and...
Electronic and thermal sequential transport in metallic and superconducting two-junction arrays
Creators: name: Kuhn, T.
name: Paraoanu, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The description of transport phenomena in devices consisting of arrays of tunnel junctions, and the experimental confirmation of these predictions is one of the great successes of mesoscopic physics. The aim of this paper is to give a self-consistent review of sequential transport processes in such devices, based on the so-called "orthodox" model. We calculate numerically the current-voltage (I-V) curves, the conductance versus bias voltage (G-V) curves, and the associated thermal transport in symmetric and asymmetric two-junction arrays such as Coulomb-blockade thermometers (CBTs), superconducting-insulator-normal-insulator-superconducting (SINIS) structures, and superconducting single-electron transistors (SETs). We investigate the behavior of these systems at the singularity-matching bias points, the dependence of microrefrigeration effects on the charging energy of the island, and the effect of a finite superconducting gap on Coulomb-blockade thermometry.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures; Berlin (ISBN: 978-3-642-12069-5)
A multidimensional approach to understanding lung tumour aggressiveness
Creators: name: Enfield, Catherine S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Lung cancer is a deadly disease with a 5-year survival of 18%. Patients with localized disease have improved outcomes, since they are eligible for surgery with curative intent. However, the majority of patients present with metastatic disease, where treatment options are limited. Genetic profiling of lung tumours has lead to the identification of driver mutations and the subsequent development of targeted therapies for some of these mutated genes, which has resulted in improved outcomes for late stage patients. Unfortunately, only subsets of patients harbour these mutations, and patients frequently acquire drug resistance. Novel therapeutics are desperately needed for patients with late stage disease in order to improve patient outcome. To achieve this goal, we require a deeper understanding of the biology that drives aggressive lung tumour biology. In this thesis, we employ two unique approaches to discover genes associated with lung tumour aggressiveness. Firstly, we move beyond the protein-coding landscape and characterize deregulation of small non-coding RNAs in metastatic lung cancer. We further assess the ability of small non-coding RNA expression patterns to classify patients into different outcome groupings. Secondly, we employ an integrative multi-omics approach in order to identify novel oncogenes that have been overlooked by conventional studies within a single dimension (e.g. mutation). Collectively, this work adds to our understanding of aggressive tumour biology. Further characterization of the aggressiveness-associated small non-coding RNAs identified here may inform on novel therapeutic avenues or gene signatures. Importantly, our discovery of a novel lung cancer oncogene may lead to a new therapy for lung cancer.
Toward a Unified Framework of Coherence in Physics_ A Comparative Analysis of Structural Fidelity Across Competing Theories
Creators: name: Bostick, Devin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Quantum physics
subject: Physical cosmology
subject: Nonlinear Dynamics
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Dynamical systems
subject: Information Theory
subject: Mathematical physics
subject: Theoretical Biology

description: Main Paper w/Empirical Tests

Abstract

This paper introduces a coherence-based framework for evaluating the internal consistency, cross-domain applicability, and emergence logic of competing physics theories. Rather than comparing models by their predictive artifacts (particles, fields, or metrics), we assess them by structural fidelity: their capacity to sustain recursive coherence under entropy, chirality, and observer-embedded constraints. We apply this filter to canonical frameworks (General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, String Theory), alternative models (Loop Quantum Gravity, Bohmian Mechanics, Emergent Gravity), and high-coherence systems-level paradigms. The results reveal that most established theories fail to generalize across domains or account for emergence from first principles. We propose that any unified theory must satisfy five structural conditions: internal symmetry-resonance, chirality-driven differentiation, entropy-stable emergence, observer-compatible recursion, and cross-scale fidelity. Among current models, only the Chirality of Dynamic Emergent Systems (CODES) satisfies all five. The coherence test thus functions not as an endorsement, but as a deductive filter: any theory that fails these criteria is incomplete. Any theory that passes them converges on the same structural attractor.
Lattice models of non-trivial "optical spaces" based on metamaterial waveguides
Creators: name: Smolyaninov, Alexei I.
name: Smolyaninov, Igor I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metamaterials are being used to model various exotic "optical spaces" for such applications as novel lenses and cloaking. While most effort is directed towards engineering of continuously changing dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability tensors, an alternative approach may be based on lattices of metamaterial waveguides. Here we demonstrate the power of the latter technique by presenting metamaterial lattice models of various 4D spaces.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Optics Letters
CMB Fluctuations and String Compactification Scales
Creators: name: Habara, Yoshinobu
name: Kawai, Hikaru
name: Ninomiya, Masao
name: Sekino, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a mechanism for the generation of temperature fluctuations of cosmic microwave background. We consider a large number of fields, such as Kaluza-Klein modes and string excitations. Each field contributes to the gravitational potential by a small amount, but an observable level of temperature fluctuations is achieved by summing up the contribution of typically of order 10^{14} fields. Tensor fluctuations are hardly affected by these fields. Our mechanism is based on purely quantum effects, and is different from the "slow-roll" or "curvaton" scenario. Using the observed data, we find constraints on the parameters of this model, such as the size of the extra dimensions and the string scale. Our model predicts a particular pattern of non-gaussianity with a small magnitude.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; v2: Corrected a mistake in eq. (11), which does not affect the subsequent context. Added a comment on inflaton fluctuations at the end of the paper. Final version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Small-Time Asymptotics of Option Prices and First Absolute Moments
Creators: name: Muhle-Karbe, Johannes
name: Nutz, Marcel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91B25, 60G44

description: We study the leading term in the small-time asymptotics of at-the-money call option prices when the stock price process $S$ follows a general martingale. This is equivalent to studying the first centered absolute moment of $S$. We show that if $S$ has a continuous part, the leading term is of order $\sqrt{T}$ in time $T$ and depends only on the initial value of the volatility. Furthermore, the term is linear in $T$ if and only if $S$ is of finite variation. The leading terms for pure-jump processes with infinite variation are between these two cases; we obtain their exact form for stable-like small jumps. To derive these results, we use a natural approximation of $S$ so that calculations are necessary only for the class of Lévy processes.
description: 22 pages; forthcoming in 'Journal of Applied Probability'
Experimental proposal for measuring the Gouy phase of matter waves
Creators: name: da Paz, I. G.
name: Saldanha, P. L.
name: Nemes, M. C.
name: de Faria, J. G. Peixoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Schrödinger equation for an atomic beam predicts that it must have a phase anomaly near the beam waist analogous to the Gouy phase of an electromagnetic beam. We propose here a feasible experiment which allows for the direct determination of this anomalous phase using Ramsey interferometry with Rydberg atoms. Possible experimental limitations are discussed and shown to be completely under control within the present day technology. We also discuss how this finding can open the possibility to use the spatial mode wavefunctions of atoms as q-dits, since the Gouy phase is an essential ingredient for making rotations in the quantum states.
description: 9 pages and 3 figures
Transient conditions for biogenesis on low-mass exoplanets with escaping hydrogen atmospheres
Creators: name: Wordsworth, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exoplanets with lower equilibrium temperatures than Earth and primordial hydrogen atmospheres that evaporate after formation should pass through transient periods where oceans can form on their surfaces, as liquid water can form below a few thousand bar pressure and H2-H2 collision-induced absorption provides significant greenhouse warming. The duration of the transient period depends on the planet size, starting H2 inventory and star type, with the longest periods typically occurring for planets around M-class stars. As pre-biotic compounds readily form in the reducing chemistry of hydrogen-rich atmospheres, conditions on these planets could be favourable to the emergence of life. The ultimate fate of any emergent organisms under such conditions would depend on their ability to adapt to (or modify) their gradually cooling environment.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Icarus
Additional file 1 of Incorporating and evaluating citizen engagement in health research: a scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Shahid, Anmol
name: Rosgen, Brianna K.
name: Krewulak, Karla D.
name: Lorenzetti, Diane L.
name: Foster, Nadine
name: Sept, Bonnie G.
name: Leigh, Jeanna Parsons
name: Stelfox, Henry T.
name: Fiest, Kirsten M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1:. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist
Brauer-Manin obstruction for Wehler K3 surfaces of Markoff type
Creators: name: Dao, Quang-Duc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Following recent work by E. Fuchs et al., we study the Brauer-Manin obstruction for integral points on Wehler K3 surfaces of Markoff type. In particular, we construct some families which fail the integral Hasse principle via the Brauer-Manin obstruction with some counting results of similar nature to those in previous works by Ghosh-Sarnak, Loughran-Mitankin, Colliot-Thélène-Wei-Xu. We also give some counterexamples to strong approximation (where integral points can exist) which can be explained by the Brauer-Manin obstruction, and study a few aspects of rational points on affine surfaces.
description: 38 pages; comments are welcome. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2202.07142
title: Using data analysis and mathematical modelling to study tuberculosis contact tracing in London, with reference to the national strategy and guidance
Creators: name: Cavany, SM
Publisher: name: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Year: 2019

description: Background: In January 2015, Public Health England and NHS England published a collaborative TB strategy for the years 2015-20; this strategy highlighted contact tracing as a key element. In January 2016, the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) made changes to the UK TB guidance, including no longer recommending that contacts of non-pulmonary TB cases be screened. This thesis attempts to address several issues arising from these policy documents. Methods: I utilized a range of quantitative approaches. I undertook a cohort analysis of TB cases in London between 2012-15 (inclusive), including logistic regression, to understand contact tracing outcomes in London, and how these differed between population subgroups. To understand the impact of changes to NICE guidance I carried out an economic analysis using a simple static model. I then utilized a pairwise transmission model to understand how transmission differs between those with primary and reactivation disease. Results: In London from 2012-15, 91% of pulmonary index cases had at least one contact identified (a median of four per case), and 86% of these identified contacts were evaluated. In this period, 80% of those contacts determined to have TB had an isolate that was indistinguishable from their index case, implying probable transmission. Assuming each contact with PTB infects 1 person/month, screening contacts of ETB cases costs £78000/QALY (95% CI: 39000 to 140000). Pairwise modelling suggests that the number of infections generated by those with a reactivation disease is only slightly greater than those with disease following recent infection. Conclusions: While contact tracing outcomes in London were good relative to similar countries and previous UK studies, our results highlight several groups for whom outcomes are worse. Our results also show that the impact of contact tracing is not limited to those occasions where transmission between index cases and contact has occurred. Our results also show that screening contacts of non-pulmonary index cases is almost certainly not cost-effective at a £30000/QALY threshold. More work is required if pairwise modelling is to be used effectively to model M. Tb transmission.
ВІДГІДРОНІМНІ ПРІЗВИЩА В КОЗАЦЬКОМУ РЕЄСТРІ 1649 р.
Creators: name: Dzyra, Ivan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: У статті розглядається історія дуже давнього і стійкого джерела історії України гідронімів – назв річок, потоків, боліт, колодязів, які подають цікаві історико-географічні відомості проукраїнські землі. Автор вперше виявив більше п’ятисот прізвищ козацького реєстру 1649 р., в основі яких часто дослівнолежать г8фі7п’ятсот назв річок всієї Ук раїни, а також три тисячі похідних прізвищ, утворених граматичними фор мами відзгаданого числа гідронімів.
An Alternating Direction Algorithm for Matrix Completion with Nonnegative Factors
Creators: name: Xu, Yangyang
name: Yin, Wotao
name: Wen, Zaiwen
name: Zhang, Yin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper introduces an algorithm for the nonnegative matrix factorization-and-completion problem, which aims to find nonnegative low-rank matrices X and Y so that the product XY approximates a nonnegative data matrix M whose elements are partially known (to a certain accuracy). This problem aggregates two existing problems: (i) nonnegative matrix factorization where all entries of M are given, and (ii) low-rank matrix completion where nonnegativity is not required. By taking the advantages of both nonnegativity and low-rankness, one can generally obtain superior results than those of just using one of the two properties. We propose to solve the non-convex constrained least-squares problem using an algorithm based on the classic alternating direction augmented Lagrangian method. Preliminary convergence properties of the algorithm and numerical simulation results are presented. Compared to a recent algorithm for nonnegative matrix factorization, the proposed algorithm produces factorizations of similar quality using only about half of the matrix entries. On tasks of recovering incomplete grayscale and hyperspectral images, the proposed algorithm yields overall better qualities than those produced by two recent matrix-completion algorithms that do not exploit nonnegativity.
Group-Theoretical Classification of BPS and Possibly Protected States in D=4 Conformal Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Dobrev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give explicitly the reduction of supersymmetries of the positive energy unitary irreducible representations of the N-extended D=4 conformal superalgebras su(2,2/N). Further we give the classification of BPS and possibly protected states.
description: 29 pages, LATEX; revised Introduction, rephrased Abstract, reorganized Section 4, many new references, results unchanged; V.4. added Appendix spelling out the case of (1/N)-BPS states; V.5. version is as accepted in Nucl. Phys. B, Appendix moved to another paper
Molecular roles of Lysyl Oxidase-Like 3 (LOXL3) in melanoma proliferation and progression
Creators: name: Zhang, Xue
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: Background: Melanoma is a devastating cancer with 17% 5-year survival rate when it is metastasized. Clinically, finding new biomarkers will provide more options in patient early diagnosis and treatments. Previously, Lysyl Oxidase-like 3 (LOXL3) was discovered as one of the most upregulated genes in metastatic melanoma compared to normal nevi and normal skin. LOXL3 is an extracellular protein that induces the cross-linkage formation in collagen and elastin. LOXL3 has never reported in melanoma and barely been studied in tumours. The previous knowledge about LOXL3 makes it an attractive gene to study in melanoma. Objective: The objectives of this study are to investigate LOXL3 expression profile, bio-functions, clinical significance, and potential downstream regulators in melanoma. Experimental Methods: A panel of cell lines and tissues was utilized to evaluate LOXL3 expression in mRNA and protein levels. Two melanoma cell lines, A375 and WM-115, were transfected with siRNAs to create transiently-decreased LOXL3 expression, to study the functional differences of LOXL3 in vitro. Further, immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarray with 373 biopsies was used to observe the correlation between LOXL3 expression levels and patient survival outcomes. Results: We detected a significantly higher expression of LOXL3 on mRNA and protein levels in melanoma compared to melanocytes and normal skins. LOXL3 deficiency could inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Tissue microarray revealed that higher LOXL3 cytoplasmic staining was associated with thicker tumour, the presence of mitosis, more advanced melanoma, and worse primary melanoma patient survival. LOXL3 knockdown did not induce any differences in FAK/Src phosphorylation levels or E-cadherin expression levels. Discussion: LOXL3 promotes cell proliferation, cell motility and cell invasion in vitro, and LOXL3 cytoplasmic overexpression is associated with enhanced tumour mitosis and thickness in melanoma in vivo. This suggests LOXL3 has an essential impact on melanoma growth and potentially metastasis due to the invasive potential. In addition, no correlations are found in FAK/Src activation and E-cadherin restoration by LOXL3, suggesting LOXL3 may use a different pathway beyond previous knowledge. Conclusion: LOXL3 positively regulates cellular growth and invasion in melanoma cells and tissues, making LOXL3 a promising prognostic marker and a therapeutic target.
title: Puzzles of Pediatric Congenital Central Nervous System Malformation : A Pictorial Essay
Creators: name: Ahsan, Marya
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Infection
subject: Haemangioma
subject: Developmental disease
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Paediatric
subject: Foetal imaging
subject: CNS

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: OBJECTIVES: To illustrate and discuss the spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern recognition of most common and uncommon congenital brain anomalies in fetuses. Know different clinical scenarios in patients having congenital...
Derivation and quantitative analysis of the differential self-interrogation Feynman-alpha method
Creators: name: Anderson, Johan
name: Pal, Lenard
name: Pazsit, Imre
name: Chernikova, Dina
name: Pozzi, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A stochastic theory for a branching process in a neutron population with two energy levels is used to assess the applicability of the differential self-interrogation Feynman-alpha method by numerically estimated reaction intensities from Monte Carlo simulations. More specifically, the variance to mean or Feynman-alpha formula is applied to investigate the appearing exponentials using the numerically obtained reaction intensities.
description: Proceedings 52nd INMM conference, Palm Desert, 17-21 July 2011
Additional file 2 of Incorporating and evaluating citizen engagement in health research: a scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Shahid, Anmol
name: Rosgen, Brianna K.
name: Krewulak, Karla D.
name: Lorenzetti, Diane L.
name: Foster, Nadine
name: Sept, Bonnie G.
name: Leigh, Jeanna Parsons
name: Stelfox, Henry T.
name: Fiest, Kirsten M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2:. Medline Search Strategy
Time of primordial Be-7 conversion into Li-7, energy release and doublet of narrow cosmological neutrino lines
Creators: name: Khatri, Rishi
name: Sunyaev, Rashid A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the important light elements created during the big bang nucleosynthesis is Be-7 which then decays to Li-7 by electron capture when recombination becomes effective but well before the Saha equilibrium recombination is reached. This means that Be-7 should wait until its recombination epoch even though the half-life of the hydrogenic beryllium atom is only 106.4 days. We calculate when the conversion from primordial Be-7 to Li-7 occurs taking into account the population of the hyperfine structure sublevels and solving the kinetic equations for recombination, photoionization and conversion rate. We also calculate the energies and the spectrum of narrow neutrino doublet lines resulting from Be-7 decay.
description: Minor typos corrected
Impact of network structure on a model of diffusion and competitive interaction
Creators: name: Nicosia, V.
name: Bagnoli, F.
name: Latora, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a model in which agents of different species move over a complex network, are subject to reproduction and compete for resources. The complementary roles of competition and diffusion produce a variety of fixed points, whose stability depends on the structure of the underlying complex network. The survival and death of species is influenced by the network degree distribution, clustering, degree-degree correlations and community structures. We found that the invasion of all the nodes by just one species is possible only in Erdos-Renyi and regular graphs, while networks with scale--free degree distribution, as those observed in real social, biological and technological systems, guarantee the co-existence of different species and therefore help enhancing species diversity.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Interpretable Water Level Forecaster with Spatiotemporal Causal Attention Mechanisms
Creators: name: Hong, Sungchul
name: Choi, Yunjin
name: Jeon, Jong-June
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate forecasting of river water levels is vital for effectively managing traffic flow and mitigating the risks associated with natural disasters. This task presents challenges due to the intricate factors influencing the flow of a river. Recent advances in machine learning have introduced numerous effective forecasting methods. However, these methods lack interpretability due to their complex structure, resulting in limited reliability. Addressing this issue, this study proposes a deep learning model that quantifies interpretability, with an emphasis on water level forecasting. This model focuses on generating quantitative interpretability measurements, which align with the common knowledge embedded in the input data. This is facilitated by the utilization of a transformer architecture that is purposefully designed with masking, incorporating a multi-layer network that captures spatiotemporal causation. We perform a comparative analysis on the Han River dataset obtained from Seoul, South Korea, from 2016 to 2021. The results illustrate that our approach offers enhanced interpretability consistent with common knowledge, outperforming competing methods and also enhances robustness against distribution shift.
description: Accepted by International Journal of Forecasting (2024)
Field theory of massive and massless vector particles in the Duffin - Kemmer - Petiau formalism
Creators: name: Kruglov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Field theory of massive and massless vector particles is considered in the first-order formalism. The Hamiltonian form of equations is obtained after the exclusion of non-dynamical components. We obtain the canonical and symmetrical Belinfante energy-momentum tensors and their nonzero traces. We note that the dilatation symmetry is broken in the massive case but in the massless case the modified dilatation current is conserved. The canonical quantization is performed and the propagator of the massive fields is found in the Duffin - Kemmer - Petiau formalism.
description: 20 pages, typos corrected, a reference added, journal version, accepted in Int.J.Mod.Phys.A
Categorical Tensor Network States
Creators: name: Biamonte, Jacob D.
name: Clark, Stephen R.
name: Jaksch, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We examine the use of string diagrams and the mathematics of category theory in the description of quantum states by tensor networks. This approach lead to a unification of several ideas, as well as several results and methods that have not previously appeared in either side of the literature. Our approach enabled the development of a tensor network framework allowing a solution to the quantum decomposition problem which has several appealing features. Specifically, given an n-body quantum state S, we present a new and general method to factor S into a tensor network of clearly defined building blocks. We use the solution to expose a previously unknown and large class of quantum states which we prove can be sampled efficiently and exactly. This general framework of categorical tensor network states, where a combination of generic and algebraically defined tensors appear, enhances the theory of tensor network states.
description: 39 pages, 31 figures, published version
Variability of harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) foraging behaviour during out-migrations of salmon smolts
Creators: name: Allegue, Hassen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: There is increasing evidence that predation by harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) on salmon smolts out-migrating from rivers may be a significant source of mortality for coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon populations in British Columbia. Studies supporting this have focused on documenting what and how much seals eat—and the potential impact this has on salmon populations. However, little attention has been given to understanding where, when and how this predation occurs, and the extent to which it might be opportunistic or specialist feeding behaviour by a few or many individuals. I documented the spatiotemporal foraging behaviour of harbour seals in the Salish Sea by equipping 17 seals with biologgers—and tracking them before and after the release of thousands of coho and Chinook smolts from the Big Qualicum Hatchery. Reconstructing the high-resolution movements of the seals―and quantifying feeding using counts of prey chasing events (PCEs) detected by accelerometry—revealed that the Big Qualicum estuary was a feeding hotspot for 47.0% of the seals, but was relatively small (accounting for 3% of PCEs) compared to the largest feeding area outside the estuary (26% of PCEs). Comparing the foraging behaviours of smolt specialists with non-specialist seals revealed 4 different foraging strategies. One consisted of seals (17.6%) that fed on coho smolts and ignored Chinook in the river mouth, while a second group of seals (17.6%) appeared to target larger fish that preyed on Chinook smolts near the estuary. The two other seal groups did not feed in the estuary in association with the concentrated numbers of smolts, but either remained resident (52.9%) and fed near their main haulouts, or were transient (11.8%) and left the study area. My results suggest a high degree of individual foraging specialization—and show that a small number of seals were specialized in consuming coho smolts, but did not appear to respond to the large pulse of smaller bodied Chinook smolts during the outmigration. Such information concerning the fine-scale foraging behaviour of harbour seals in relation to pulses of out-migrating smolts can be used to design mitigation strategies to enhance coho and Chinook populations.
Chiral Polyhedra Derived From Coxeter Diagrams and Quaternions
Creators: name: Koca, Mehmet
name: Koca, Nazife Ozdes
name: Al-Shu'eili, Muna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 08, 14, 51, 52

description: There are two chiral Archimedean polyhedra, the snub cube and snub dodecahedron together with their duals the Catalan solids, pentagonal icositetrahedron and pentagonal hexacontahedron. In this paper we construct the chiral polyhedra and their dual solids in a systematic way. We use the proper rotational subgroups of the Coxeter groups $W(A_1 \oplus A_1 \oplus A_1)$, $W(A_3)$, $W(B_3)$ and $W(H_3)$ to derive the orbits representing the solids of interest. They lead to the polyhedra tetrahedron, icosahedron, snub cube, and snub dodecahedron respectively. We prove that the tetrahedron and icosahedron can be transformed to their mirror images by the proper rotational octahedral group $\frac{W(B_3)}{C_2}$ so they are not classified in the class of chiral polyhedra. It is noted that the snub cube and the snub dodecahedron can be derived from the vectors, which are non-linear combinations of the simple roots, by the actions of the proper rotation groups $\frac{W(B_3)}{C_2}$ and $\frac{W(H_3)}{C_2}$ respectively. Their duals are constructed as the unions of three orbits of the groups of concern. We also construct the polyhedra, quasiregular in general, by combining chiral polyhedra with their mirror images. As a by product we obtain the pyritohedral group as the subgroup the Coxeter group $W(H_3)$ and discuss the constructions of pyritohedrons. We employ a method which describes the Coxeter groups and their orbits in terms of quaternions.
description: 22 pages, 19 figures
Quantum rejection sampling
Creators: name: Ozols, Maris
name: Roetteler, Martin
name: Roland, Jérémie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rejection sampling is a well-known method to sample from a target distribution, given the ability to sample from a given distribution. The method has been first formalized by von Neumann (1951) and has many applications in classical computing. We define a quantum analogue of rejection sampling: given a black box producing a coherent superposition of (possibly unknown) quantum states with some amplitudes, the problem is to prepare a coherent superposition of the same states, albeit with different target amplitudes. The main result of this paper is a tight characterization of the query complexity of this quantum state generation problem. We exhibit an algorithm, which we call quantum rejection sampling, and analyze its cost using semidefinite programming. Our proof of a matching lower bound is based on the automorphism principle which allows to symmetrize any algorithm over the automorphism group of the problem. Our main technical innovation is an extension of the automorphism principle to continuous groups that arise for quantum state generation problems where the oracle encodes unknown quantum states, instead of just classical data. Furthermore, we illustrate how quantum rejection sampling may be used as a primitive in designing quantum algorithms, by providing three different applications. We first show that it was implicitly used in the quantum algorithm for linear systems of equations by Harrow, Hassidim and Lloyd. Secondly, we show that it can be used to speed up the main step in the quantum Metropolis sampling algorithm by Temme et al.. Finally, we derive a new quantum algorithm for the hidden shift problem of an arbitrary Boolean function and relate its query complexity to "water-filling" of the Fourier spectrum.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, minor changes and a more compact style (to appear in proceedings of ITCS 2012)
Organising music for movies
Creators: name: Inskip, Charles
name: McFarlane, Andy
name: Rafferty, Pauline
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: music information retrieval
subject: indexing
subject: domain analysis
subject: https://iskouk.org/subjects/N6BVA9P2
subject: https://iskouk.org/subjects/PRUIHEDJ
subject: https://iskouk.org/subjects/L0C9LMAF
subject: https://iskouk.org/subjects/59ITCJ1Y
subject: https://iskouk.org/subjects/M7O7FVTN

description: Examination of and discussion on the classification of commercial popular music when large digital collections are organised for use in films.
MLANet: Multi-Level Attention Network with Sub-instruction for Continuous Vision-and-Language Navigation
Creators: name: He, Zongtao
name: Wang, Liuyi
name: Li, Shu
name: Yan, Qingqing
name: Liu, Chengju
name: Chen, Qijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) aims to develop intelligent agents to navigate in unseen environments only through language and vision supervision. In the recently proposed continuous settings (continuous VLN), the agent must act in a free 3D space and faces tougher challenges like real-time execution, complex instruction understanding, and long action sequence prediction. For a better performance in continuous VLN, we design a multi-level instruction understanding procedure and propose a novel model, Multi-Level Attention Network (MLANet). The first step of MLANet is to generate sub-instructions efficiently. We design a Fast Sub-instruction Algorithm (FSA) to segment the raw instruction into sub-instructions and generate a new sub-instruction dataset named ``FSASub". FSA is annotation-free and faster than the current method by 70 times, thus fitting the real-time requirement in continuous VLN. To solve the complex instruction understanding problem, MLANet needs a global perception of the instruction and observations. We propose a Multi-Level Attention (MLA) module to fuse vision, low-level semantics, and high-level semantics, which produce features containing a dynamic and global comprehension of the task. MLA also mitigates the adverse effects of noise words, thus ensuring a robust understanding of the instruction. To correctly predict actions in long trajectories, MLANet needs to focus on what sub-instruction is being executed every step. We propose a Peak Attention Loss (PAL) to improve the flexible and adaptive selection of the current sub-instruction. PAL benefits the navigation agent by concentrating its attention on the local information, thus helping the agent predict the most appropriate actions. We train and test MLANet in the standard benchmark. Experiment results show MLANet outperforms baselines by a significant margin.
Constraints on the generalized Chaplygin gas model including gamma-ray bursts via a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach
Creators: name: Liang, Nan
name: Xu, Lixin
name: Zhu, Zong-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate observational constraints on the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) model including the gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at high redshift obtained directly from the Union2 type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) set. By using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, we constrain the GCG model with the cosmology-independent GRBs, as well as the Union2 set, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) observation from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP7) result, and the baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) observation from the spectroscopic Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data release 7 (DR7) galaxy sample. The best-fit values of the GCG model parameters are $A_S$=$0.7475_{-0.0539}^{+0.0556}(1σ)_{-0.0816}^{+0.0794}(2σ)$, $α$=$-0.0256_{-0.1326}^{+0.1760}(1σ)_{-0.1907}^{+0.2730}(2σ)$, and the effective matter density $Ω_{m}=0.2629_{-0.0153}^{+0.0155}(1σ)_{-0.0223}^{+0.0236}(2σ)$, which are more stringent than the previous results for constraining on GCG model parameters.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in A&A
Competing orders in Na$_x$CoO$_2$ from strong correlations on a two-particle level
Creators: name: Boehnke, Lewin
name: Lechermann, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on dynamical mean-field theory with a continuous-time quantum Monte-Carlo impurity solver, static as well as dynamic spin and charge susceptibilites for the phase diagram of the sodium cobaltate system Na$_x$CoO$_2$ are discussed. The approach includes important vertex contributions to the q-dependent two-particle response functions by means of a local approximation to the irreducible vertex function in the particle-hole channel. A single-band Hubbard model suffices to reveal several charge- and spin-instability tendencies in accordance with experiment, including the stabilization of an effective kagome sublattice close to x=0.67, without invoking the doping-dependent Na-potential landscape. The in-plane antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic crossover is additionally verified by means of the computed Korringa ratio. Moreover an intricate high-energy mode in the transverse spin susceptiblity is revealed, pointing towards a strong energy dependence of the effective intersite exchange.
description: additional data and figs
Fractional Action Cosmology with Power Law Weight Function
Creators: name: Jamil, Mubasher
name: Rashid, Muneer A.
name: Momeni, D.
name: Razina, O.
name: Esmakhanova, Kuralay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by an earlier work on fractional-action cosmology with a periodic weight function [1], we extend it by choosing a power-law weight function in the action. In this approach, we obtain a varying gravitational coupling constant. We then model dark energy in this paradigm and obtain relevant cosmological parameters.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, Contributed talk published in the proceedings of "3rd Italian-Pakistani Workshop on Relativistic Astrophysics"
On the existence of disk-like global sections for Reeb flows on the tight 3-sphere
Creators: name: Hryniewicz, Umberto
name: Salomão, Pedro A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider Reeb dynamics on the 3-sphere associated to a tight contact form. Our main result gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a periodic Reeb orbit to bound a disk-like global section for the Reeb flow, when the contact form is assumed to be non-degenerate.
description: 39 pages, 3 figures. To appear in the Duke Mathematical Journal
title: Energetic equivalence underpins the size structure of tree and phytoplankton communities
Creators: name: Perkins, Daniel M.
name: Perna, Andrea
name: Adrian, Rita
name: Cermeño, Pedro
name: Gaedke, Ursula
name: Huete-Ortega, Maria
name: White, Ethan P.
name: Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The size structure of autotroph communities – the relative abundance of small vs. large individuals – shapes the functioning of ecosystems. Whether common mechanisms underpin the size structure of unicellular and multicellular autotrophs is, however, unknown. Using a global data compilation, we show that individual body masses in tree and phytoplankton communities follow power-law distributions and that the average exponents of these individual size distributions (ISD) differ. Phytoplankton communities are characterized by an average ISD exponent consistent with three-quarter-power scaling of metabolism with body
mass and equivalence in energy use among mass classes. Tree communities deviate from this pattern in a manner consistent with equivalence in energy use among diameter size classes. Our findings suggest that whilst universal metabolic constraints ultimately underlie the emergent size structure of autotroph communities, divergent aspects of body size (volumetric vs. linear dimensions) shape the ecological outcome of metabolic scaling in forest vs. pelagic ecosystems.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 684
НАЗВИ ОСІБ ЗА ПРОФЕСІЄЮ ТА РОДОМ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЯК ДЖЕРЕЛО ТВОРЕННЯ ПРІЗВИЩЕВИХ НАЗВ ЗАПОРОЗЬКОГО КОЗАЦТВА СЕРЕДИНИ ХVІІІ СТ. (
Creators: name: Dzyra, Ivan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: У статті на матеріалі Реєстру Війська Запорозького Низового 1756р. проаналізовано прізвищеві назви, утворені за професією чи родом заняття особи. У межах цієї лексико-семантичної групи виокремлено 18 тематичних підгруп, визначено найпродуктивніші семеми та найпоширеніші антрополексеми.Установлено, що в процесі творення прізвищевих назв запорозького козацтва апелятиви на означення осіб за професією чи родом діяльності малипорівняно високийступіньантропонімізації. З’ясовано, що найвищу частотність мають іменування Швець (234 носії), Кравець (178 носіїв), Коваль (127 носіїв) і Чумак (67 носіїв). Основними способами поповнення лексико-семантичної групи було використання словотворчих і лексичних паралелей, фонетичне та графіко-орфографічне варіювання.Про важливість реєстру як джерела вивчення не лише історії української мови, а й соціально-економічної історії України в цілому й Запорозької Січі зокрема, свідчить той факт, що в ньому зберігаються прізвищеві назви на означення близько 120 професій і видів занять, а також 106 іменувань, утворених за соціальною належністю, у зв’язку з військовою чи адміністративною службою та від назв церковних посад.