cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Threat, discount premiums, net present value and
Creators: name: Price, Colin
name: Price, Colin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Risk
subject: threat
subject: discount premium
subject: optimal rotation

description: Similarly to financial risk in markets, physical risk (threat or hazard) has sometimes been treated by adding a premium to the discount rate used for the NPV calculations applied to forestry options. As it happens, a discount rate premium reflecting the rate of threat gives the correct rotation and, by simple adjustment, the correct land expectation value, but only if the threat occurs at a constant rate throughout the rotation and if destruction − if it happens at all − is complete. If some value can be salvaged following the destructive event, neither optimal rotation nor land expectation value is correctly determined by using a threat premium. The same is true when the threat level changes during the rotation, even if the threat rate used would correctly predict the probability of crop survival to the age of optimal rotation. These findings may be illustrated with calculations based on windsusceptible crops in the UK.
Risk, returns and possible speculative bubbles in the price of Danish forest land?
Creators: name: Thorsen, Bo Jellesmark
name: Thorsen, Bo Jellesmark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Property prices
subject: operational earnings
subject: equilibrium returns
subject: time series
subject: CAPM.

description: In this short paper I analyse the development of returns to forest land in Denmark for the period 1947 to 2007. The data used are fairly unique time series of forest enterprises annual accounts in combination with property value assessments over the entire period. They allow for a dissection of returns into operational returns and capital gains. I draw in previous analyses using the capital asset pricing model to assess the co-variation of returns in Danish forestry with returns from the market portfolio, as represented by the major financial asset groups representing the bulk of that. I compare the development in returns and notably the role of the capital gain over the period, to the likely equilibrium market return relevant for forest enterprises. The observations raise the question if i) also the prices of forest land in recent decades have been subject to a speculative bubble driving up prices beyond that justified by patterns of return in forestry or ii) if the returns to forest owners from holding a forest property is not Ill-captured by the marketable goods derived from forestry accounts, in essence a forest may not only be productive capital but also a consumption good.
The decrotonylase FoSir5 facilitates mitochondrial metabolic state switching in conidial germination of Fusarium oxysporum.
Creators: name: Zhang, Ning
name: Song, Limin
name: Xu, Yang
name: Pei, Xueyuan
name: Luisi, Ben
name: Liang, Wenxing
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Microbiology and Infectious Disease
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: conidial germinaiton
subject: lysine crotonylation
subject: phytopathogenic fungi
subject: ATP metabolism
subject: Other

description: Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most important pathogenic fungi with a broad range of plant and animal hosts. The first key step of its infection cycle is conidial germination, but there is limited information available on the molecular events supporting this process. We show here that germination is accompanied by a sharp decrease in expression of FoSir5, an ortholog of the human lysine deacetylase SIRT5. We observe that FoSir5 decrotonylates a subunit of the fungal pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (FoDLAT) at K148, resulting in inhibition of the activity of the complex in mitochondria. Moreover, FoSir5 decrotonylates histone H3K18, leading to a downregulation of transcripts encoding enzymes of aerobic respiration pathways. Thus, the activity of FoSir5 coordinates regulation in different organelles to steer metabolic flux through respiration. As ATP content is positively related to fungal germination, we propose that FoSir5 negatively modulates conidial germination in F. oxysporum through its metabolic impact. These findings provide insights into the multifaceted roles of decrotonylation, catalyzed by FoSir5, that support conidial germination in F. oxysporum.
Strong coupling of two individually controlled atoms via a nanophotonic cavity
Creators: name: Samutpraphoot, Polnop
name: Ðorđević, Tamara
name: Ocola, Paloma L.
name: Bernien, Hannes
name: Senko, Crystal
name: Vuletić, Vladan
name: Lukin, Mikhail D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate photon-mediated interactions between two individually trapped atoms coupled to a nanophotonic cavity. Specifically, we observe superradiant line broadening when the atoms are resonant with the cavity, and level repulsion when the cavity is coupled to the atoms in the dispersive regime. Our approach makes use of individual control over the internal states of the atoms, their position with respect to the cavity mode, as well as the light shifts to tune atomic transitions individually, allowing us to directly observe the anti-crossing of the superradiant and subradiant two-atom states. These observations open the door for realizing quantum networks and studying quantum many-body physics based on atom arrays coupled to nanophotonic devices.
MOESM2 of Development and validation of a Bayesian survival model for inclusion body myositis
Creators: name: Capkun, Gorana
name: Schmidt, Jens
name: Shubhro Ghosh
name: Sharma, Harsh
name: Obadia, Thomas
name: Vera, Ana
name: Risson, Valery
name: Amzal, Billy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Accelerated failure time model (DOCX 59 kb)
Solar Capitalization in Western Australian Property Market
Creators: name: Ma, Chunbo
name: Polyakov, Maksym
name: Pandit, Ram
name: Ma, Chunbo
name: Polyakov, Maksym
name: Pandit, Ram
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Hedonic
subject: Repeated Sales
subject: Solar Panels
subject: Photovoltaic

description: Using a large sample of property sales data and high-resolution aerial maps, this study provides the first empirical estimate of the price premium of properties with photovoltaic (PV) panels in Australia. We use three model specifications to control for spatial heterogeneity and correlation as well as price dynamics over time. Results from hedonic models, repeated sales models and hybrid models have all shown strong evidence that PV panels contribute a 2.34 to 4.12 percent premium to properties prices. This suggests that PV investments are, on average, over-capitalized into property prices during our sample period, which we argue is largely a reflection of changing policy parameters regarding feed-in tariffs. Greater premium is found in localities with a larger share of votes for the Green Party and Australian Labor Party in 2008 State Election and votes for no daylight saving in 2009 State Referendum, registered Prius hybrid vehicles and college graduates and postgraduates. The results have significant implications for property owners, builders, financial institutions, PV retailers, and policy makers.
Additional file 1 of Gender differences in psychosocial status of adolescents during COVID-19: a six-country cross-sectional survey in Asia Pacific
Creators: name: Wang, Jun
name: Aaron, Alec
name: Baidya, Anurima
name: Chan, Christabel
name: Wetzler, Erica
name: Savage, Kevin
name: Joseph, Michael
name: Kang, Yunhee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
The awareness and willingness of air travellers to pay for voluntary carbon offsets and their co-benefits
Creators: name: Cheung, Jimmy
name: Kragt, Marit
name: Burton, Michael
name: Cheung, Jimmy
name: Kragt, Marit
name: Burton, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Carbon offsets
subject: Aviation industry
subject: Willingness to pay
subject: Choice experiments
subject: Choice modelling
subject: Australia

description: Several airlines in Australia have initiated voluntary carbon offset (VCO) programs, called 'Fly Carbon Neutral', to encourage their customers to offset the carbon emissions of their flight. A VCO scheme aims to 'neutralise' emissions from a particular activity, by compensating with carbon reduction projects in another sector. As well as carbon sequestration, these activities often bring secondary benefits such as wildlife protection. There are currently few studies about the awareness and willingness to pay to offset carbon emission from flying. This paper conducted a choice experiment study to address this knowledge gap, by estimating Australian air travellers' willingness to pay for different attributes of carbon offset projects. Analyses reveal that values for carbon offset projects depend on respondent's perceptions of the importance of the aviation industry's contribution to the global carbon emissions, membership of environmental organisation, education level, income and their age. Results show that the majority of respondents preferred to not buy an offset. Of those respondents willing to buy an offset, most preferred renewable energy projects located in their own state over reforestation or forest protection projects in other states or overseas. The results will provide a better understanding of air travellers' preference, thus to improve future carbon offset policies making.
Modeling the interaction between ICM and relativistic plasma in cooling flows: the case of the Perseus Cluster
Creators: name: Gitti, Myriam
name: Brunetti, Gianfranco
name: Setti, Giancarlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the presence of diffuse synchrotron emission forming the so-called radio mini-halos in some cooling flow clusters can be explained by reacceleration of relativistic electrons, the necessary energetics being supplied by the cooling flows themselves. In particular, the reacceleration due to MHD turbulence has the correct radial dependence on the parameters to naturally balance the radiative losses. As an application we show that the main properties of the radio mini-halo in the Perseus cluster (brightness profile, total radio spectrum and radial spectral steepening) can be accounted for by the synchrotron radiation from relic relativistic electrons in the cluster, which are efficiently reaccelerated by MHD turbulence via Fermi-like processes due to the compression of the cluster magnetic field in the cooling flow region. Since the presence of an observable radio mini-halo in a cooling flow region critically depends on the combination of several physical parameters, we suggest that the rarity of radio mini-halos found in cooling flow clusters is due to the fact that the physical conditions of the ICM are intermediate between those which lead to the formation of extended radio halos and those holding in cooling flows without radio halos. The basic results of our model remain unchanged even if the cooling flow is stopped somewhere in the innermost region of the cluster.
description: replaced with revised version (some typos and formulae corrected)
Lectures on the Theory of High Energy A+A at RHIC
Creators: name: Gyulassy, Miklos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In these lectures aspects of current theory used to interpret the preliminary data on ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions at RHIC energies in terms of the physical properties of QCD matter at extreme densities are introduced. Topics include: What are the physics questions at SPS and RHIC?, Geometrical vs Dynamical features of A+A, The interplay of computable Hard pQCD vs phenomenological Soft dynamics, Baryon number transport and Junctions, How can we compute and get experimental control over the initial conditions?, How to reconcile apparent hydrodynamic behavior with partonic/hadronic transport theory. I use the Preliminary RHIC data available up to June 1,2001 to illustrate these topics. Since the main new observable at RHIC relative to SPS is jet quenching, I elaborate on this ``tomographic'' probe of ultra-dense matter. The possible discovery of jet quenching at RHIC by STAR and PHENIX is highlighted.
description: 39 pages, including 32 figures. Four lectures given at Schladming Winter School, Austria, March 2001. See http://nt3.phys.columbia.edu/people/gyulassy/Talks/Schladming3_6_01/ for Powerpoint html slides
Diquark condensation in dense SU(2) matter
Creators: name: Hands, Simon
name: Montvay, Istvan
name: Scorzato, Luigi
name: Skullerud, Jonivar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a lattice study of two-color QCD with adjoint staggered fermions at high density. We find that the model has no early onset and we report on results for diquark condensation, from simulations with and without a diquark source term.
description: Lattice2001(hightemp)
MOESM4 of Genetic and metabolic signatures of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica associated with animal sources at the pangenomic scale
Creators: name: Nova, Meryl Vila
name: Kévin Durimel
name: Kévin La
name: Felten, Arnaud
name: Bessières, Philippe
name: Michel-Yves Mistou
name: Mariadassou, Mahendra
name: Radomski, Nicolas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Boxplots (median, 25th percentile, 75th percentile, minimum and maximum) of depth (A) and breadth (B) coverages, numbers of scaffolds higher than 1000 bp (C), NG50 (D), genome fractions (E), and number of genes resulting of pangenome extraction (F) of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars (n = 440). Assembly, variant calling analysis, computing of metrics, and pangenome analysis were performed with ARTWork, iVARCall2, Quast-MultiQC and Roary, respectively. Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 (NCBI NC_003197.1) was used as the reference genome for mapping during variant calling analysis. Black dots represent the sizes of the closely related reference genomes selected among 74 reference-circularized genomes based on MinHash distances.
The AMS-02 Time of Flight System
Creators: name: Casadei, D.
name: Baldini, L.
name: Bindi, V.
name: Carota, N.
name: Castellini, G.
name: Cindolo, F.
name: Contin, A.
name: Giusti, P.
name: Laurenti, G.
name: Levi, G.
name: Margotti, A.
name: Martelli, R.
name: Palmonari, F.
name: Quadrani, L.
name: Salvadore, M.
name: Sbarra, C.
name: Zichichi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Time-of-Flight (TOF) system of the AMS detector gives the fast trigger to the read out electronics and measures velocity, direction and charge of the crossing particles. The first version of the detector (called AMS-01) has flown in 1998 aboard of the shuttle Discovery for a 10 days test mission, and collected about $10^8$ events. The new version (called AMS-02) will be installed on the International Space Station and will operate for at least three years, collecting roughly $10^{10}$ Cosmic Ray (CR) particles. The TOF system of AMS-01 successfully operated during the test mission, obtaining a time resolution of 120 ps for protons and better for other CR ions. The TOF system of AMS-02 will be different due to the strong fringing magnetic field and weight constraints
description: 6 pages, 7 figures. Talk given at the ``First International Conference on Particle and Fundamental Physics in Space'', La Biodola, Isola d'Elba (Italy), 14 -- 19 May 2002. To be published by Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplement. Sep. 13, 2002: added "Conclusion" section
Shakespearean fama
Creators: name: Geddes, Sean Lloyd Clinton
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Shakespeare
Imitation
Classics

description: The large context of this study is the literature and culture of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England, especially as focused through the question of how the classical but also medieval past was received, grappled with and imitated. That question is focused further through the specific topic of this dissertation which is, broadly, fame in Shakespeare: whether considered as a vernacular, contemporary matter, or as the intricate classical topos of fama, the subject of fame obtains in a set of often extremely elusive and differing orders of representation that vary according to genre and to category of composition. Many meanings jostle behind fama – fame, rumour, report, reputation – and it tends to inflect the literature that adopts it in a correspondingly multifaceted way. An understanding of this protean body persisted in English poets who were well-versed in classical literature, and fama has shown itself in Shakespeare by changing further. Throughout the four chapters of this study, looking respectively at the Sonnets (chapters 1 and 2), Much Ado About Nothing, and The Tempest, I trace certain themes of fame in Shakespeare’s agile patterns of response to the tradition, and in his own innovation. I have most of all explicated themes that are strange or novel: the curious nature of what Montaigne called the ‘other life’ of fame (the extension of the self into into the imaginative regard of others); the ways in which literary (especially lyric) art can be said to have life or be perpetual; and, more generally, how the stuff of fama is used by Shakespeare to explore the complication of personal with public spheres, generating scepticism, crises of agency, and strange kinds of wonder at the point where the self is near its most fictive.
description: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). Cambridge Trust.
Event multiplicity, transverse momentum and energy dependence of charged particle production, and system thermodynamics in $pp$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Rath, Rutuparna
name: Khuntia, Arvind
name: Sahoo, Raghunath
name: Cleymans, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work, we study the recent collision energy and multiplicity dependence of the charged particle transverse momentum spectra as measured by the ALICE collaboration in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 and 13 TeV using the non-extensive Tsallis distribution and the Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast Wave (BGBW) model. A thermodynamically consistent form of the Tsallis distribution is used to extract the kinetic freeze-out parameters from the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles at mid-rapidity. In addition, a comprehensive study of fitting range dependence of transverse momentum spectra on the freeze-out parameters is done using Tsallis statistics. The applicability of BGBW model is verified by fitting the transverse momentum spectra of the bulk part ($\sim 2.5~ {\rm GeV}/c$)for both 5.02 and 13 TeV energies and also in different multiplicity classes. The radial flow, $$ is almost independent of collision energy and multiplicity whereas the behavior of kinetic freeze-out temperature significantly depends on multiplicity classes. It is found that the Tsallis distribution generally leads to a better description for the complete transverse momentum spectra whereas the BGBW model explains the bulk part of the system.
description: Same as the published version
title: Routines et rituels d’accueil :
title: leviers pour la mise au travail des élèves ?
titleType: Subtitle
title: Routines et rituels d’accueil :
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Balogh, Camille
name: Bissat, Nadia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: routine
subject: rituel
subject: accueil
subject: mise au travail
subject: climat de classe
subject: relations positives

description: Cette recherche vise à rendre compte de la manière dont se manifeste l’influence éventuelle qu’exercent les routines et rituels mis en place par les enseignants lors de l’accueil des élèves sur la mise au travail de ces derniers. Dès lors, il s’agissait de se rendre dans les classes afin d’observer puis analyser les pratiques des enseignants. Pour ce faire, nous avons filmé le moment d’accueil d’une leçon de douze enseignants issus de nos établissements respectifs, qui ont ensuite visionné la vidéo et commenté leur pratique à l’aide d’un questionnaire préparé au préalable, guidant ainsi leurs propos. Les résultats qui ont alors émergé de nos propres observations couplées aux dires des enseignants sondés nous ont permis tout d’abord de mettre en évidence un recueil de routines et rituels utilisés, puis de constater l’influence – ou non – de ces derniers sur la mise au travail des élèves. En sachant que l’École en tant qu’institution cherche à promouvoir la transmission de savoirs, il nous importe en effet de garantir un climat de classe propice au travail et aux apprentissages afin que les élèves s’y sentent écoutés, compris et cadrés. Conscientes galement de l’importance qu’ont les premières minutes d’une leçon, nous avons donc cherché à comprendre comment les enseignants s’y prennent pour créer un cadre favorable à la mise au travail et quels sont les outils, sous forme de routines et de rituels, recrutés pour y parvenir.
New Candidate Planetary Nebulae in Galactic Globular Clusters from the VVV Survey
Creators: name: Minniti, Dante
name: Dias, Bruno
name: Gómez, Matías
name: Palma, Tali
name: Pullen, Joyce B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Only four globular cluster planetary nebulae (GCPN) are known so far in the Milky Way. About 50 new globular clusters have been recently discovered towards the Galactic bulge. We present a search for planetary nebulae within 3 arcmin of the new globular clusters, revealing the identification of new candidate GCPN. These possible associations are PN SB 2 with the GC Minni 06, PN G354.9-02.8 with the GC Minni 11, PN G356.8-03.6 with the GC Minni 28, and PN Pe 2-11 with the GC Minni 31. We discard PN H 2-14 located well within the projected tidal radius of the new globular cluster FSR1758 because they have different measured radial velocities. These are interesting objects that need follow-up observations (especially radial velocities) in order to confirm membership, and to measure their physical properties in detail. If confirmed, this would double the total number of Galactic GCPN.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJL
Temporal Evolution of Resistance in He-Irradiated YBa2Cu3O7 Thin Films
Creators: name: Lang, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024
Subjects: Supraleitung
Superconductivity
ÖFOS 2012 -- NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN (1) -- Physik, Astronomie (103) -- Physik, Astronomie (1030) -- Supraleitung (103033)
ÖFOS 2012 -- NATURAL SCIENCES (1) -- Physics, Astronomy (103) -- Physics, Astronomy (1030) -- Superconductivity (103033)
cuprate superconductor; helium-ion irradiation; long-term stability; irradiation damage healing; vortex pinning; room-temperature annealing; diffusion coefficients; activation energy; commensurability effects

description: Evolution of the resistance vs. temperature characteristics of a YBa2Cu3O7 thin film after imprinting a square pinning array of 200 nm spacings by focused helium irradiation. The black line represents the measurement of the sample before irradiation.
Extended data set of Figure 7 in the publication by S. Keppert, B. Aichner, P. Rohringer, M.-A. Aurel Bodea, B. Müller, M. Karrer, R. Kleiner, E. Goldobin, D. Koelle, J. D. Pedarnig, W. Lang: Temporal Evolution of Defects and Related Electric Properties in He-Irradiated YBa2Cu3O7−δ Thin Films, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25, 7877 (2024), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147877.
Acknowledgment: The research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant DOI: 10.55776/I4865.
Psilothrix Redtenbacher
Creators: name: Liberti, Gianfranco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melyridae
Psilothrix

description: Key to species of genus Psilothrix Redtenbacher
 1. Male 7 th sternite (5 th visible) very deeply emarginated on posterior edge. Pronotum longer than wide. Wingless (actually brachypterous), showing elytral modifications often associated with loss of wings: lack of humeral callous, elytron narrow at base and widened in apical third (in female only). Length 4.0– 5.5 mm .............................. protensa
 - Male 7 th sternite straight or only slightly emarginated on posterior edge. Pronotum wider than long. Wing may or may not be present........................................................................................................................................................ 2
 2. Pygidium (last male tergite) with a deep U-shaped notch (Fig. 22). This species can be winged or brachypterous: only the brachypterous form is known from Sardinia, but it does not show the elytral modifications often associated with loss of wings (i.e. humeral callous normally developed, female elytron normally widened posteriorly). Small size: length 4.0– 4.5 mm ...................................................................................................................................... aureola
 - Pygidium (last male tergite) showing a deep but small V-shaped notch (Fig. 23). Winged. Larger size: length 4.8 to 6.6 mm ..................................................................................................................................................... viridicoerulea
description: Published as part of Liberti, Gianfranco, 2009, Improved Strategies for Branching on General Disjunctions, pp. 339-385 in Zootaxa 2318 on page 350, DOI: 10.1184/r1/6705962.v1, http://zenodo.org/record/5307249
Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) based nonlinear parameter estimation for a turbulent boundary layer: a data assimilation framework
Creators: name: Pan, Zhao
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Gustavsson, Jonas P. R.
name: Hickey, Jean-Pierre
name: Cattafesta, Louis N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A turbulent boundary layer is an essential flow case of fundamental and applied fluid mechanics. However, accurate measurements of turbulent boundary layer parameters (e.g., friction velocity $u_τ$ and wall shear $τ_w$), are challenging, especially for high speed flows (Smits et al., 2011). Many direct and/or indirect diagnostic techniques have been developed to measure wall shear stress (Vinuesa et al., 2017). However, based on different principles, these techniques usually give different results with different uncertainties. The current study introduces a nonlinear data assimilation framework based on the Unscented Kalman Filter that can fuse information from i) noisy and gappy measurements from Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry, a Preston tube, and a MEMS shear stress sensor, as well as ii) the uncertainties of the measurements to estimate the parameters of a turbulent boundary layer. A direct numerical simulation of a fully developed turbulent boundary layer flow at Mach 0.3 is used first to validate the data assimilation algorithm. The algorithm is then applied to experimental data of a flow at Mach 0.3, which are obtained in a blowdown wind tunnel facility. The UKF-based data assimilation algorithm is robust to uncertain and gappy experimental data and is able to provide accurate estimates of turbulent boundary layer parameters.
description: To be appeared in Measurement Science and Technology (2020)
The effects of multi-directional loading on soil liquefaction
Creators: name: Sun, Mengchen
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Multi-directional
Soil liquefaction
Soil mechanics

description: Four decades after it was investigated experimentally for the first time, the influence of multi-directional shearing on soil behaviour, especially the undrained behaviour of saturated sands, remains one of the least understood areas in geotechnics. This study developed a new test database on Hostun sand with the modified multi-directional simple shear testing apparatus. The results of uni-directional tests were examined under available analysis frameworks to validate the performance of the adopted testing techniques. Multi-directional tests were analysed and compared with their uni-directional counterparts to illustrate the remarkable change in soil response when loading paths change from uni-directional to multi-directional. A three-dimensional τ-σ' space was established as the extrapolation of the 2D τ-σ' plane, with a 3D conical failure surface derived from 2D failure lines. The concept of the failure cone was validated by the tests with various loading paths. The failure cone hypothesis explain the unsolved questions, including why bi-directional linear stress paths do not reach the failure line in the 2D τ-σ' plane and why an inverse correlation exists between the limiting excess pore pressure ratio and shear stress amplitude. A bimodal phenomenon was identified in terms of the phase transformation of sand under multi-directional shearing conditions. Phase transformation states form a conical surface, like failure states, in the tests with circular, oval and figure-8 loading paths but do not fall on a cone in uni-directional and bi-directional linear tests. The effects of multi-directional loading on soil liquefaction were further investigated from the perspective of liquefaction criteria, liquefaction resistance, development of excess pore pressure and shear strain, as well as the degradation of shear modulus. The definitions of shear stress, shear strain and shear modulus were re-examined in multi-directional loading scenarios. Liquefaction resistance assessment based on N-CSR curves was examined and potential alternative discussed. The shear modulus degradation predictions of Drnevich (1972) were found to fit with the newly-proposed multi-directional secant shear modulus. This study provides novel perspectives to understand the undrained soil behaviour under multi-directional loading and has useful implications for future potential modelling research.
Il racconto innominato. Analisi del paratesto di Centuria. Cento piccoli romanzi fiume di Giorgio Manganelli
Creators: name: Remorini, Paolo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 200513 Literature in Italian
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Abstract. This essay analyses the elements of the editorial, authorial and allographical paratext of the edition of Centuria. Cento piccoli romanzi fiume by Giorgio Manganelli, which has been published by Adelphi since 1995, highlighting how the keys to reading and interpreting Manganelli's text attempt to suggest an idea of experimentation, of a unique and singular case within a literary tradition that is also familiar and codified.
Keyword. Manganelli; Centuria; paratext; short story; peritext; flash fiction.
Riassunto. Il presente saggio analizza gli elementi del peritesto editoriale, autoriale e allografo che compongono l’edizione di Centuria. Cento piccoli romanzi fiume di Giorgio Manganelli che dal 1995 pubblica Adelphi, evidenziando come le chiavi di lettura e di interpretazione del testo manganelliano proposte e veicolate cerchino di suggerire un’idea di sperimentazione, di caso unico e singolare all’interno tuttavia di una tradizione letteraria altresì familiare e codificata.
Parole chiave. Manganelli; Centuria; paratesto; racconto; peritesto; microracconto.
Gamma Ray Bursts from delayed collapse of neutron stars to quark matter stars
Creators: name: Berezhiani, Z.
name: Bombaci, I.
name: Drago, A.
name: Frontera, F.
name: Lavagno, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model to explain how a Gamma Rays Burst can take place days or years after a supernova explosion. Our model is based on the conversion of a pure hadronic star (neutron star) into a star made at least in part of deconfined quark matter. The conversion process can be delayed if the surface tension at the interface between hadronic and deconfined-quark-matter phases is taken into account. The nucleation time (i.e. the time to form a critical-size drop of quark matter) can be extremely long if the mass of the star is small. Via mass accretion the nucleation time can be dramaticaly reduced and the star is finally converted into the stable configuration. A huge amount of energy, of the order of 10$^{52}$--10$^{53}$ erg, is released during the conversion process and can produce a powerful Gamma Ray Burst. The delay between the supernova explosion generating the metastable neutron star and the new collapse can explain the delay proposed in GRB990705 and in GRB011211.
description: AAS LaTeX, 12 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables Added references and comments
Revisiting Generalization for Deep Learning: PAC-Bayes, Flat Minima, and Generative Models
Creators: name: Dziugaite, Gintare Karolina
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Deep learning
statistical learning theory
Generalization in neural networks
adversarial learning
PAC-Bayesian bounds
generative models

description: In this work, we construct generalization bounds to understand existing learning algorithms and propose new ones. Generalization bounds relate empirical performance to future expected performance. The tightness of these bounds vary widely, and depends on the complexity of the learning task and the amount of data available, but also on how much information the bounds take into consideration. We are particularly concerned with data and algorithm- dependent bounds that are quantitatively nonvacuous. We begin with an analysis of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in supervised learning. By formalizing the notion of flat minima using PAC-Bayes generalization bounds, we obtain nonvacuous generalization bounds for stochastic classifiers based on SGD solutions. Despite strong empirical performance in many settings, SGD rapidly overfits in others. By combining nonvacuous generalization bounds and structural risk minimization, we arrive at an algorithm that trades-off accuracy and generalization guarantees. We also study generalization in the context of unsupervised learning. We propose to use a two sample test statistic for training neural network generator models and bound the gap between the population and the empirical estimate of the statistic.
description: EPSRC
The Influence of Global Crises on Acceptance of Autocracy in Germany. Paper presented at the 82nd Annual Conference of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago (IL), April 3rd, 2025.
Creators: name: Brettfeld, Katrin
name: Richter, Thomas
name: Wetzels, Peter
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2025
Subjects: Autocracy
Crisis
Survey
Attitudes towards democracy
MOTRA
MiDInt

description: This paper investigates how global conflicts and crises influence public attitudes toward democracy in Germany, particularly fears related to war, climate change, and migration.

As part of the study "People in Germany: International", online surveys are conducted every two to three months. Our data tracks how perceptions of societal challenges and associated concerns shape attitudes toward democracy over time.

A new measurement is used to gauge acceptance of autocracy, defined by the rejection of democratic norms like open debate and parliamentary oversight, and support for more authoritarian leadership.

Results indicate that about 30% of the German population exhibits some level of autocracy acceptance, with variations across political affiliations—from 14.8% among Green Party voters to 50.1% among AfD (a far right party) supporters.

Acceptance of autocracy is not confined to right-wing or lower-educated groups but spans various social demographics.

Concerns over access to necessities—housing, energy, work, and food—aggravated by fears of war, climate change, or migration, increase the likelihood of supporting autocracy.

Those who view political leaders as incompetent are even more inclined toward authoritarian preferences.

Finally, we present results from vignette experiments which are used to assess whether experimentally manipulated perceptions of military conflicts, such as the Russian war in Ukraine or the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, have a causal effect on autocracy acceptance among respondents.
Density-functional model for van der Waals interactions: Unifying many-body atomic approaches with nonlocal functionals
Creators: name: Hermann, Jan
name: Tkatchenko, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noncovalent van der Waals (vdW) interactions are responsible for a wide range of phenomena in matter. Popular density-functional methods that treat vdW interactions use disparate physical models for these intricate forces, and as a result the applicability of these methods is often restricted to a subset of relevant molecules and materials. Aiming towards a general-purpose density functional model of vdW interactions, here we unify two complementary approaches: nonlocal vdW functionals for polarization and interatomic methods for many-body interactions. The developed nonlocal many-body dispersion method (MBD-NL) increases the accuracy and efficiency of existing vdW functionals and is shown to be broadly applicable to molecules, soft and hard materials including ionic and metallic compounds, as well as organic/inorganic interfaces.
description: final version
An investigation of a relatively rigid acyclic salamo-type ligand and its square planar Cu(II) complex
Creators: name: Li, Xun
name: Feng, Shan-Shan
name: Wei, Yu-Xin
name: Dong, Wen-Kui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cell Biology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A relatively rigid acyclic salamo-type ligand H2L and its square planar Cu(II) complex, [Cu(L)]·CH3OH, were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, as well as Fourier-transform infrared spectra, UV–Vis spectra, Hirshfeld surface analyses and DFT calculations. The ligand crystallizes in monoclinic space group P 21/c and has pairs of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the oxime nitrogen atoms and the hydroxyl groups. The Cu(II) complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 21/c. The Cu(II) ion is located in the N2O2 cavity of the fully deprotonated salamo-type ligand (L)2− unit, thus forming a four-coordinate distorted square planar geometry. At the same time, a belt-like, 2-D supramolecular structure is formed by the interaction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and the intermolecular interaction force is quantitatively analyzed by Hirshfeld surfaces. Significantly, fluorescence properties of the ligand and its Cu(II) complex were also studied. The coordination ratio of the Cu(II) complex was proved by UV–Vis and fluorescence titration experiments.
MOESM1 of Development and validation of a Bayesian survival model for inclusion body myositis
Creators: name: Capkun, Gorana
name: Schmidt, Jens
name: Shubhro Ghosh
name: Sharma, Harsh
name: Obadia, Thomas
name: Vera, Ana
name: Risson, Valery
name: Amzal, Billy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Search strategy and review protocol (DOCX 22 kb)
A Dynamical Survey of Stellar-Mass Black Holes in 50 Milky Way Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Weatherford, Newlin C.
name: Chatterjee, Sourav
name: Kremer, Kyle
name: Rasio, Frederic A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent numerical simulations of globular clusters (GCs) have shown that stellar-mass black holes (BHs) play a fundamental role in driving cluster evolution and shaping their present-day structure. Rapidly mass-segregating to the center of GCs, BHs act as a dynamical energy source via repeated super-elastic scattering, delaying onset of core collapse and limiting mass segregation for visible stars. While recent discoveries of BH candidates in Galactic and extragalactic GCs have further piqued interest in BH-mediated cluster dynamics, numerical models show that even if significant BH populations remain in today's GCs, they are typically in configurations that are not directly detectable. We demonstrated in Weatherford et al. (2018) that an anti-correlation between a suitable measure of mass segregation ($Δ$) in observable stellar populations and the number of retained BHs in GC models can be applied to indirectly probe BH populations in real GCs. Here, we estimate the number and total mass of BHs presently retained in 50 Milky Way GCs from the ACS Globular Cluster Survey by measuring $Δ$ between populations of main sequence stars, using correlations found between $Δ$ and BH retention in the CMC Cluster Catalog models. We demonstrate that the range in $Δ$'s distribution from our models matches that for observed GCs to a remarkable degree. Our results further provide the narrowest constraints to-date on the retained BH populations in the GCs analyzed. Of these 50 GCs, we identify NGCs 2808, 5927, 5986, 6101, and 6205 to presently contain especially large BH populations, each with total BH mass exceeding $10^3\,\rm{M_{\odot}}$.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables; accepted for publication to ApJ
Iterative removal of redshift space distortions from galaxy clustering
Creators: name: Wang, Yuchan
name: Li, Baojiu
name: Cautun, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of galaxy clustering are made in redshift space, which results in distortions to the underlying isotropic distribution of galaxies. These redshift-space distortions (RSD) not only degrade important features of the matter density field, such as the baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) peaks, but also pose challenges for the theoretical modelling of observational probes. Here we introduce an iterative nonlinear reconstruction algorithm to remove RSD effects from galaxy clustering measurements, and assess its performance by using mock galaxy catalogues. The new method is found to be able to recover the real-space galaxy correlation function with an accuracy of $\sim1\%$, and restore the quadrupole accurately to $0$, on scales $s\gtrsim20\Mpch$. It also leads to an improvement in the reconstruction of the initial density field, which could help to accurately locate the BAO peaks. An `internal calibration' scheme is proposed to determine the values of cosmological parameters as a part of the reconstruction process, and possibilities to break parameter degeneracies are discussed. RSD reconstruction can offer a potential way to simultaneously extract the cosmological parameters, initial density field, real-space galaxy positions and large-scale peculiar velocity field (of the real Universe), making it an alternative to standard perturbative approaches in galaxy clustering analysis, bypassing the need for RSD modelling.
description: 21 pages; 12 figures; 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Fibre optic monitoring and finite element analysis of well integrity in methane hydrate reservoirs
Creators: name: Sasaki, Tsubasa
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Well integrity
Methane hydrate
Fibre optic monitoring
Nankai Trough
Reservoir compaction
BOTDR
FBG

description: Well integrity is crucial for sustainable hydrocarbon production from oil and gas reservoirs. The number of new wells can be minimized by maintaining the integrity of existing wells. Also, oil and gas leakage due to compromised well integrity can be curtailed through proactive well integrity management. The present research focuses on well integrity analysis and monitoring for methane hydrate reservoirs. Methane hydrate reservoirs are susceptible to large deformation due to their unconsolidated nature, which could substantially compromise well integrity during well construction as well as gas production periods. Therefore, in the present research, finite element analyses (FEA) and laboratory experiments of well integrity are carried out for the case of the Nankai Trough methane hydrate reservoir in Japan, in order to contribute to a better well integrity management. FEA on well construction and reservoir compaction processes as well as cement shrinkage process is conducted. Laboratory experiments are carried out with a distributed fibre optic monitoring technique called Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry/analysis (BOTDR/A) on the strain development of laboratory-scale well specimens subjected to tensile and bending loading. The primary contributions of the present research are as follows. First, cement shrinkage volumes for the Nankai Trough formation case are estimated to be up to 0.7%. Second, cement shrinkage of 0.7% during well construction induces stress concentrations in the high hydrate saturation layers of the Nankai Trough formation. Third, the well is found to become most vulnerable to damage in the initial stages of hydrate dissociation under large depressurisation. Forth, fibre optic cables with minimal number of coating layers and tight interlayer buffering will be effective for accurate in-well integrity monitoring with BOTDR/A. Fifth, fibre optic cables should be attached on the casing rather than in the cement in the well to facilitate accurate bending curvature monitoring with BOTDR/A.