cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Yang-Mills mass gap at large-N, non-commutative YM theory, topological quantum field theory and hyperfiniteness
Creators: name: Bochicchio, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a number of old and new concepts in quantum gauge theories, some of which are well established but not widely appreciated, some are most recent. Such concepts involve non-commutative gauge theories and their relation to the large-N limit, loop equations and the change to the anti-selfdual variables also known as Nicolai map, topological field theory (TFT) and its relation to localization and Morse-Smale-Floer homology, with an emphasis both on the mathematical aspects and the physical meaning. These concepts, assembled in a new way, enter a line of attack to the problem of the mass gap in large-N SU(N) YM, that is reviewed as well. In the large-N limit of pure SU(N) YM the ambient algebra of Wilson loops is known to be a type II_1 non-hyperfinite factor. Nevertheless, for the mass gap problem at the leading 1/N order, only the subalgebra of local gauge-invariant single-trace operators matters. The connected two-point correlators in this subalgebra must be an infinite sum of propagators of free massive fields, a vast simplification. It is an open problem, determined by the grow of the degeneracy of the spectrum, whether the aforementioned local subalgebra is in fact hyperfinite. For the mass-gap problem, in the search of a hyperfinite subalgebra containing the scalar sector of large-N YM, a major role is played by the existence of a TFT underlying the large-N limit of YM, with twisted boundary conditions on a torus or, what is the same by Morita duality, on a non-commutative torus.
description: 19 pages, latex; the paper, originally a byproduct of the workshop: Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Field Theory, Jan 16-20 (2012), has been expanded and rewritten as a short review in order to include most recent developments. To appear in IJMPD
Strukturelle und funktionelle Gehirnveränderungen bei Myasthenia gravis
Creators: name: Klaus, Benita Hildegard Brigitte
Publisher: name: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Myasthenia gravis
subject: Neuronale Plastizität
subject: 616.7442

description: Myasthenia gravis ist eine Autoimmunerkrankung, welche die neuromuskuläre Übertragung beeinträchtigt und zu belastungsabhängiger Muskelschwäche führt. Neuere Erkenntnisse bei Myasthenia gravis Patient*innen lassen unter anderem kognitive Defizite sowie autonome Dysfunktionen vermuten. Der genaue Pathomechanismus, die angenommenen Veränderungen der Neuroplastizität und deren Konsequenzen sind jedoch noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Aktuell werden zwei mögliche Mechanismen diskutiert, die zu kognitiven Dysfunktionen führen könnten. Einerseits können dies die möglichen zentralen cholinergen Effekte der Myasthenia gravis-Autoantikörper und andererseits die Effekte der somatosensorischen Deprivation sein. Diese Studie soll die Literatur um eine Arbeit erweitern, die gleichzeitig die funktionelle, d.h. Kognition, Motorik, klinische und laborchemische Parameter und die strukturelle Plastizität der grauen Substanz im Gehirn mittels einer voxel-basierten Morphometrie untersucht. Bisher gab es keine Studie, die dieser kombinierten Fragestellung nachgeht. Zudem werden weitere Aufschlüsse über den Einfluss der Erkrankung auf die graue Substanz aufgezeigt, die zu möglichen Präventivmaßnahmen und Therapieänderungen anregen sollen. Diese Studie vergleicht elf Myasthenia gravis-Patienten mit elf gematchten gesunden Kontrollprobanden auf funktioneller wie auch auf struktureller Ebene. Die Myasthenia gravis-Patienten zeigten in der voxel-basierten Morphometrie geringere Gehirnvolumina, die mit signifikant niedrigeren Ergebnissen in kognitiven Testungen sowie auch in Testungen zur somatosensorisch abhängigen räumlichen Orientierung korreliert werden können. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse weisen erstmalig die Veränderungen der grauen Substanz bei Myasthenia gravis-Erkrankungen mittels einer voxel-basierten Morphometrie nach.
G-Protein-gekoppelter Östrogenrezeptor-1 (GPER-1) Expression im Hormonrezeptor-positiven Mammakarzinom und ihr Einfluss auf die endokrine Therapie
Creators: name: Claus-Engelmann, Maria Luise
Publisher: name: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Brustkrebs
subject: Östrogenrezeptor
subject: Tamoxifen
subject: 616.99449

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht zum einen, welcher Zusammenhang zwischen den klinisch- pathologischen Tumorcharakteristika und der GPER-1 Expression im invasiven, nicht metastasierten Mammakarzinom besteht, zum anderen ob die GPER-1 Expression Auswirkungen auf die endokrine Therapie hat. Es wurden 442 Patienten mit invasivem, nicht metastasiertem Mammakarzinom in die Studie aufgenommen. Es zeigte sich eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen positiver GPER-1 Expression zu einem positiven Östrogen- sowie Progesteronrezeptorstatus, zu einem niedrigen histologischen Grading und niedrigen Ki67- Level sowie weniger notwendigen Polychemotherapien. Als weiterer Untersuchungsschwerpunkt zeigte sich, dass das krankheitsfreie Überleben (DFS) bei GPER-1 positiven Patienten unter Tamoxifen oder Aromataseinhibitoren keinen signifikanten Unterschied aufwies. Nach dem Matching zeigte sich, dass das DFS für GPER-1 positive Patienten nach Erhalt von Tamoxifen niedriger war als bei Patienten mit Aromataseinhibitoren. Schlussfolgernd konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die GPER-1 Expression beim Mammakarzinom zum einen mit einer günstigen Tumorbiologie, aber zum anderen mit einer niedrigeren DFS nach Tamoxifentherapie einhergeht. Damit konnte unsere Untersuchung die Hypothese bestätigen, dass die GPER-1 Expression für eine mögliche Resistenz einer Tamoxifentherapie verantwortlich sein könnte. Diese Arbeit kann als Ausgangspunkt für weitere Studien dienen, um mögliche Resistenzmechanismen endokriner Therapien und GPER-1 Expression im Mammakarzinom zu untersuchen.
Quantifizierung motorischer Performance Fatigability bei Multiple Sklerose
Creators: name: Broscheid, Kim-Charline
Publisher: name: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Multiple Sklerose
subject: Ermüdungssyndrom
subject: 616.834

description: Fatigue ist eines der häufigsten und stark einschränkenden Symptome bei Multiple Sklerose (MS). Generell wird zwischen Trait und State Fatigue unterschieden. In dieser Arbeit liegt der Fokus auf State Fatigue, die zum einen definiert ist als akute und reversible Reduktion der kognitiven und/oder motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit (Performance Fatigability/PF). Zum anderen umfasst State Fatigue aber auch die Erschöpfungswahrnehmung (Perceived Fatigability). Vor allem zur Quantifizierung der motorische PF gibt es bisher keinen Goldstandard. Das führt dazu, dass Studienergebnisse nur schwer vergleichbar und gezielte Therapien nur bedingt möglich sind. Das Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es, eine thematische und methodische Grundlage zur Quantifizierung motorischer PF bei MS zu schaffen. Dafür wird zunächst die bestehende Fatigue Taxonomie erläutert und ein Überblick über die Messverfahren zur Quantifizierung Gang bezogener motorischer PF gegeben. Nachfolgend werden zwei eigene Studien vorgestellt, die sich mit methodischen Aspekten der Ganganalyse (Attraktor-Methode) und der präfrontalen Gehirnaktivität während des Gehens (Inter-Session-Reliabilität der funktionellen Nahinfrarotspektroskopie) beschäftigten. Die Zusammenführung der theoretischen und methodischen Grundlagen mündet in einer aus zwei Teilen bestehenden Studie zur motorische PF und deren Interdependenz mit kognitiver PF, Perceived Fatigability sowie den neuronalen Korrelaten im präfrontalen Cortex. Es wird dabei herausgearbeitet, dass das Testverfahren zur Quantifizierung motorischer PF an den Grad der Behinderung bei Personen mit MS angepasst werden sollte. In zukünftigen Studien ist es dementsprechend sinnvoll, das Anforderungsprofil der eingesetzten Tests entweder in Bezug auf die Intensität/Dauer anzupassen oder durch zusätzliche kognitive Aufgaben zu erschweren.
Gravitationally Consistent Halo Catalogs and Merger Trees for Precision Cosmology
Creators: name: Behroozi, Peter S.
name: Wechsler, Risa H.
name: Wu, Hao-Yi
name: Busha, Michael T.
name: Klypin, Anatoly A.
name: Primack, Joel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new algorithm for generating merger trees and halo catalogs which explicitly ensures consistency of halo properties (mass, position, and velocity) across timesteps. Our algorithm has demonstrated the ability to improve both the completeness (through detecting and inserting otherwise missing halos) and purity (through detecting and removing spurious objects) of both merger trees and halo catalogs. In addition, our method is able to robustly measure the self-consistency of halo finders; it is the first to directly measure the uncertainties in halo positions, halo velocities, and the halo mass function for a given halo finder based on consistency between snapshots in cosmological simulations. We use this algorithm to generate merger trees for two large simulations (Bolshoi and Consuelo) and evaluate two halo finders (ROCKSTAR and BDM). We find that both the ROCKSTAR and BDM halo finders track halos extremely well; in both, the number of halos which do not have physically consistent progenitors is at the 1-2% level across all halo masses. Our code is publicly available at http://code.google.com/p/consistent-trees . Our trees and catalogs are publicly available at http://hipacc.ucsc.edu/Bolshoi/ .
description: 15 pages, 12 figures. Minor revisions to match ApJ accepted version
The multiplicativity of fixed point invariants
Creators: name: Ponto, Kate
name: Shulman, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55M20, 18D05, 55R05, 55P25

description: We prove two general factorization theorems for fixed-point invariants of fibrations: one for the Lefschetz number and one for the Reidemeister trace. These theorems imply the familiar multiplicativity results for the Lefschetz and Nielsen numbers of a fibration. Moreover, the proofs of these theorems are essentially formal, taking place in the abstract context of bicategorical traces. This makes generalizations to other contexts straightforward.
description: 24 pages. v3: final version, to appear in AGT
Erfassung der Komplikationsraten bei der single-incision Cholezystektomie im Rahmen einer prospektiven Multicenter-Beobachtungsstudie
Creators: name: Reinsch, Anne-Katrin
Publisher: name: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cholezystektomie
subject: 617.5565

description: Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie wurde bei 975 Patienten mit single-incision Cholezystektomie (SILC) an 47 Kliniken über einen 3-jährigen Studienzeitraum die perioperative Morbidität erfasst. Die intra- und postoperative Komplikationsrate des Gesamtkollektivs beträgt 3,2% bzw. 3,7%. Mittels statistischer Testung sowie eines multiplen logistischen Regressionsmodells sind im Anschluss Risikofaktoren für die perioperative Morbidität ermittelt worden. Als unabhängige Prädiktoren für das Auftreten intraoperativer Komplikationen sind männliches Geschlecht, erhöhter Body-Mass-Index (BMI) sowie eine erhöhte Operationsdauer identifiziert worden. Zudem traten in Kliniken mit jährlich >20 SILCs signifikant mehr intraoperative Komplikationen auf als in Kliniken <20 SILCs/a. Die Anzahl intraoperativer Komplikationen ist über den gesamten Studienverlauf signifikant gesunken. Unabhängige Prädiktoren für postoperative Komplikationen waren zudem Patienten mit ASA-Score III sowie Patienten, deren Eingriff nicht in single-incision Technik beendet wurde. Die Rate der Gallengangsverletzungen beträgt 0,1% (1/975), die durchschnittliche Operationsdauer 62,32 Minuten. Die Mortalität liegt bei 0,2% (2/975). Aus den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Arbeit lässt sich schließen, dass die SILC für ein ausgewähltes Patientenkollektiv sicher durchführbar ist. Bei Patienten mit erhöhter Risikokonstellation sollte die Indikation zur SILC jedoch von einem erfahrenen Operationsteam gestellt und eine konventionell laparoskopische Cholezystektomie als mögliche Alternative diskutiert werden.
N-body simulations with a cosmic vector for dark energy
Creators: name: Carlesi, Edoardo
name: Knebe, Alexander
name: Yepes, Gustavo
name: Gottloeber, Stefan
name: Jimenez, Jose Beltran
name: Maroto, Antonio L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a series of cosmological $N$-body simulations of a Vector Dark Energy (VDE) model, performed using a suitably modified version of the publicly available \texttt{GADGET}-2 code. The setups of our simulations were calibrated pursuing a twofold aim: 1) to analyze the large scale distribution of massive objects and 2) to determine the properties of halo structure in this different ramework.We observe that structure formation is enhanced in VDE, since the mass function at high redshift is boosted up to a factor of ten with respect to \LCDM, possibly alleviating tensions with the observations of massive clusters at high redshifts and early reionization epoch. Significant differences can also be found for the value of the growth factor, that in VDE shows a completely different behaviour, and in the distribution of voids, which in this cosmology are on average smaller and less abundant. We further studied the structure of dark matter haloes more massive than $5\times10^{13}$\hMsun, finding that no substantial difference emerges when comparing spin parameter, shape, triaxiality and profiles of structures evolved under different cosmological pictures. Nevertheless, minor differences can be found in the concentration-mass relation and the two point correlation function; both showing different amplitudes and steeper slopes.Using an additional series of simulations of a \LCDM\ scenario with the same $Ω_M$ and $σ_8$ used in the VDE cosmology, we have been able to establish whether the modifications induced in the new cosmological picture were due to the particular nature of the dynamical dark energy or a straightforward consequence of the cosmological parameters.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 18 pages, 19 figures
Geometry of curves in parabolic homogeneous spaces
Creators: name: Doubrov, Boris
name: Zelenko, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B25, 53B15, 53A55, 17B70

description: The current paper is devoted to the study of integral curves of constant type in parabolic homogeneous spaces. We construct a canonical moving frame bundle for such curves and give the criterium when it turns out to be a Cartan connection. Generalizations to parametrized curves, to higher-dimensional submanifolds and to general parabolic geometries are discussed.
description: 28 pages; added conditions on the existence of natural symplectic, conformal and G_2 structures on the solution space of a scalar ODE
Zusammenhang subjektiver psychischer Beanspruchung und objektiver Herzschlagfrequenzvariabilitätsmessungen : unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ausgewählter Berufsgruppen und selten verwendeter HRV-Parameter
Creators: name: Rother, Janosch Jens
Publisher: name: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychische Belastung
subject: Arbeitsbelastung
subject: Herzfrequenzvariabilität
subject: 616.9803

description: Die Suche nach objektiven Beanspruchungsparametern psychischer Belastung und Frühindikatoren psychischer Gesundheit in der arbeitsmedizinischen Forschung nimmt durch die Zunahme psychischer Belastung, die Transformationen der Arbeitswelt und die immerwährende Bestrebung zur Verbesserung des Arbeitsschutzes einen zunehmend größeren Stellenwert ein. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang von Ergebnissen einer Fragebogenerhebung zu psychischer Gesundheit (subjektive Beanspruchung) und der Herzschlagfrequenzvariabilität (HRV) (objektive Beanspruchung). Hierzu beantworteten die Probandinnen im Durchschnittsalter von 43,2 ± 11,6 Jahren standardisierte Fragebögen (General-Health- Questionnaire, Maslach-Burnout-Inventar) und trugen ein 24-Stunden-EKG-Gerät für die nachfolgende HRV-Analyse. Die Auswertung der Daten zeigte, dass kein Zusammenhang zwischen der subjektiven und objektiven Beanspruchung bestand. Bei Betrachtung hinsichtlich der drei Berufsgruppen konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Erzieherinnen, Arzthelferinnen und Bankangestellten sich zwar allgemein subjektiv nicht unterschiedlich stark belastet fühlten, aber insbesondere die Bankangestellten eine über den Tag und die Nacht verteilt geringere HRV hatten. In einem einstündigen Messzeitraum während der Arbeit boten sie allerdings wiederum eine höhere HRV als die Vergleichsgruppen, d. h. geringere Beanspruchung. Bezüglich der seltener verwendeten HRV-Parameter konnte gezeigt werden, dass diese mit den etablierten Parametern zwar korrelieren, aber durchaus unterschiedlich in verschiedenen Aufnahmezeiträumen und -settings reagieren und somit ein großes Potential für weitere Untersuchungen haben.
Evaluation der kognitiven, sprachlichen, motorischen und sozial-emotionalen Entwicklung von 60 Patienten mit kongenitalem Hyperinsulinismus
Creators: name: Ludwig, Anja
Publisher: name: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nesidioblastose
subject: Psychische Entwicklung
subject: 618.924

description: Der kongenitale Hyperinsulinismus (KHI) zählt mit einer Inzidenz von 1:40.000 – 1:50.000 zu den seltenen Erkrankungen; ist aber die häufigste Ursache für rezidivierende Hypoglykämien im Säuglingsalter. Ursächlich werden Mutationen im K-ATP-Kanal und Glukosestoffwechselweg beschrieben. Eine frühzeitige Diagnose und konsequente Behandlung sind notwendig, um irreparable Gehirnschädigungen zu verhindern. Bisher fehlten systematische Untersuchungen zur motorischen und kognitiven Entwicklung bei KHI. In einer prospektiven Untersuchung wurden 60 Patienten (36 männlich; Alter: 3 Monate bis 57 Jahre) eingeschlossen, welche im Zeitraum von Mai 2008 bis November 2013 untersucht wurden. Defekte betrafen die Gene ABCC8 (n=18), KCNJ11 (n=5), Glucokinase (n=3) und GDH (n=2). Es wurden standardisierte psychologische Tests zur kognitiven, sprachlichen, motorischen und sozial-emotionalen Entwicklung genutzt, die auch im nicht- deutschsprachigen Raum anerkannt sind (u. a. Bayley-III, K-ABC, HAWIK-IV, Movement- ABC). Zusätzlich wurden zur Erfassung der sozial-emotionalen Entwicklung standardisierte Fragebogen eingesetzt (u. a. CBCL, TRF, YSR). Insgesamt weisen 9 (15,5%) von 60 untersuchten Patienten kognitive, 7 (26,9%) von 26 untersuchten Patienten sprachliche, 17 (38,6%) von 44 untersuchten Patienten motorische und 1 Patient (3,8%) von 27 untersuchten Patienten sozial-emotionale Entwicklungsdefizite auf. Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, basierend auf den elterlichen Fragebogeneinschätzungen, ließen sich bei 4 (12,5%) von 32 untersuchten Patienten finden. Ein Zusammenhang der Entwicklungsverzögerungen mit dem Basisdefekt konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Key recycling in authentication
Creators: name: Portmann, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In their seminal work on authentication, Wegman and Carter propose that to authenticate multiple messages, it is sufficient to reuse the same hash function as long as each tag is encrypted with a one-time pad. They argue that because the one-time pad is perfectly hiding, the hash function used remains completely unknown to the adversary. Since their proof is not composable, we revisit it using a composable security framework. It turns out that the above argument is insufficient: if the adversary learns whether a corrupted message was accepted or rejected, information about the hash function is leaked, and after a bounded finite amount of rounds it is completely known. We show however that this leak is very small: Wegman and Carter's protocol is still $ε$-secure, if $ε$-almost strongly universal$_2$ hash functions are used. This implies that the secret key corresponding to the choice of hash function can be reused in the next round of authentication without any additional error than this $ε$. We also show that if the players have a mild form of synchronization, namely that the receiver knows when a message should be received, the key can be recycled for any arbitrary task, not only new rounds of authentication.
description: 17+3 pages. 11 figures. v3: Rewritten with AC instead of UC. Extended the main result to both synchronous and asynchronous networks. Matches published version up to layout and updated references. v2: updated introduction and references
Study of near-surface stresses in silicon around through silicon vias at elevated temperatures by Raman spectroscopy and simulations
Creators: name: Zhu, Ye
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Three-dimensional (3-D) integration has emerged as an effective solution to overcome the wiring limit imposed on device density and performance with continued scaling. Through silicon vias (TSVs), which provides interconnection between stacked chips, are essential for the 3-D integration. However, due to the large mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs) between via-filling material (Cu) and Si, thermal stresses induced during processing can result in undesirable mobility shifts in devices and serious reliability problems. In this work, the near-surface stress distributions around TSV structures were studied using both experimental and numerical approaches. Stress measurements and characterizations by micro-Raman spectroscopy at elevated temperatures are conducted to study the stress origin and evolution in TSV structures. Micro-Raman spectroscopy measures a combination of tensile and compressive near-surface stresses in the Si around TSVs. The results show that increasing the sample temperature towards the annealing temperature of the TSV sample will reduce the near-surface stresses around the TSVs. Temperature dependent measurements reveal that the stresses near TSVs have two components: 1) pre-existing stress before via filling, and 2) CTE mismatch-induced stress. To further understand the origins of the stress fields near TSVs, various TSV structures and via-filling materials are studied. The CTE mismatch-induced stress can be simulated by finite element analysis. The results obtained from the micro-Raman measurements are compared with the simulations. In particular, the differential values between the experimental data and simulation results are extracted in order to estimate the pre-existing stresses in the TSV structures. Once the pre- iii existing stress component is taken into account, a good agreement between the Raman measurement and the finite element calculation is obtained. The CTE-mismatch-induced stress resulted mobility change and keep-out zone (KOZ) at elevated temperatures are also estimated. Higher temperatures are shown to reduce the CTE-mismatch-induced stress component, and result in the shrinkage of KOZs in Si. The pre-existing stress is shown to be significant in a region equal or larger than the KOZs induced by CTE-mismatch-induced stress only and should be characterized and considered in the KOZ determination and circuit design.
Black hole tidal charge constrained by strong gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Horváth, Zsolt
name: Gergely, László Á.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spherically symmetric brane black holes have tidal charge, which modifies both weak and strong lensing characteristics. Even if lensing measurements are in agreement with a Schwarzschild lens, the margin of error of the detecting instrument allows for a certain tidal charge. In this paper we derive the respective constraint on the tidal charge of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the center of our galaxy, from the radius of the first relativistic Einstein ring, emerging in strong lensing. We find that even if general relativistic predictions are confirmed by high precision strong lensing measurements, SMBHs could have a much larger tidal charge, than the Sun or neutron stars.
Tri-Bimaximal Neutrino Mixing and Discrete Flavour Symmetries
Creators: name: Altarelli, Guido
name: Feruglio, Ferruccio
name: Merlo, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the application of non-Abelian discrete groups to Tri-Bimaximal (TB) neutrino mixing, which is supported by experiment as a possible good first approximation to the data. After summarizing the motivation and the formalism, we discuss specific models, mainly those based on A4 but also on other finite groups, and their phenomenological implications, including the extension to quarks. The recent measurements of θ_13 favour versions of these models where a suitable mechanism leads to corrections to θ_13 that can naturally be larger than those to θ_12 and θ_23. The virtues and the problems of TB mixing models are discussed, also in connection with lepton flavour violating processes, and the different approaches are compared.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables. V3 submitted to add an acknowledgment to a network. Review written for the special issue on "Flavor Symmetries and Neutrino Oscillations", published in Fortschritte der Physik - Progress of Physics
Metric spaces admitting only trivial weak contractions
Creators: name: Balka, Richárd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 54H25, 47H10, 28A78, 54H05, Secondary: 03E15

description: If $(X,d)$ is a metric space then the map $f\colon X\to X$ is defined to be a weak contraction if $d(f(x),f(y))
description: 10 pages
Mutationen von Genen des RAS-MAPK-Signalweges in kongenitalen Nävi
Creators: name: Ulrich, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Erbkrankheit
subject: Dermatologie
subject: 616.042

description: Unter dem Begriff Mosaik-RASopathien wird eine Gruppe von (neuro-)kutanen Erkrankungen subsumiert, deren molekulargenetische Ursache aktivierende, somatische Mutationen in Genen des RAS-MAPK-Signalwegs darstellen. Teil dieser Erkrankungsgruppe sind die in der Dissertation untersuchten kongenitalen Nävi sowie die damit assoziierten neurokutanen Syndrome, wie die Neurokutane Melanose, das Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims-Syndrom, die Enzephalokraniokutane Lipomatose und das Okuloektodermale Syndrom. Die Aufklärung der molekulargenetischen Ursachen dieser Entitäten und die damit einhergehende Klassifizierung als Mosaik-RASopathien erfolgte ab dem Jahr 2012 durch verschiedene Arbeitsgruppen. In dieser Dissertation wurden an insgesamt 108 Proben verschiedener Nävusentitäten Mutationsanalysen sowohl mit Hilfe konventioneller Sanger-Sequenzierung als auch NGS-basierter-Panelsequenzierung durchgeführt. Bei dem Großteil der Proben konnten Mutationen in den Genen NRAS, HRAS, KRAS, BRAF, EGFR und FGFR3 gefunden werden. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen den aktuellen Wissenstand im Bereich der kutanen Mosaik- RASopathien. In einigen Nävi wurden neue mögliche Kandidatenmutationen detektiert, deren Bedeutung in weiteren Forschungsarbeiten untersucht werden muss. Zusätzlich konnte ein Fall eines seltenen komplexen Nävussyndroms, das phänotypische Merkmale eines kongenitalen melanozytären Nävussyndroms und einer Enzephalokraniokutanen Lipomatose vereinte, die durch die Untersuchung verschiedener läsionaler Gewebeproben molekulargenetisch charakteresiert werden. Damit konnte beleget werden, dass der kombinierte Phänotyp allein durch eine, vermutlich in der Embryonalentwicklung früh entstandene, NRAS-Mutation (c.181C>A p. Gln61Lys) hervorgerufen wurden.
Integrated approach for accurate quantification of methane generation at municipal solid waste landfills
Creators: name: Abedini, Ali Reza
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills have been identified by regulators and policy-makers as primary sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Landfill gas (LFG) generation is best described as a first order reaction which is the basis of many LFG generation models. These models are tools to predict a landfill’s lifespan methane generation, in lieu of costly full scale quantification methods. Moreover, modeling results are required to properly design LFG recovery and utilization systems. These results are also used by the GHG emission regulatory authorities to establish and enforce regulations, and modify and fine-tune the existing policies, regulations, and inventory reports. However, with a large number of variables affecting the biological decomposition process within landfills, exact quantification of methane generation and/or emission from these sources is literally impossible. Several investigations have raised serious doubts about the accuracy of many existing models, hence, the validity of model-based emission statistics utilized by the national and international organizations. A quick modeling exercise presented in Chapter 1, involving 5 popular LFG generation models showed up to 340% variation for a single site, arguably showing the need for an advanced model which offers more realistic, consistent, and comparable results that could be used by landfill owners, engineers, and regulatory agencies. In this research, an integrated LFG generation model was developed based on the waste decomposition principles and operational and environmental conditions. Methodologies for effective full scale quantification of fugitive methane emissions were also developed. With the unique opportunity which was made available at the Vancouver landfill (VLF), a newly iii developed integrated gas generation model (iModel-110©) was calibrated and verified based on a comprehensive landfill methane mass balance investigation. The field investigations conducted at the VLF consisted of four major phases including: (i) development of an LFG recovery system database, (ii) monitoring the landfill’s behavior in time and with respect to changes in ambient conditions, (iii) measurement of fugitive methane emissions through an innovative approach, and (iv) quantification of the biological methane oxidation in the landfill’s cover soil using the stable isotope technique.
IR divergences and kinetic equation in de Sitter space. (Poincare patch; Principal series)
Creators: name: Akhmedov, E. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explicitly show that the one loop IR correction to the two--point function in de Sitter space scalar QFT does not reduce just to the mass renormalization. The proper interpretation of the loop corrections is via particle creation revealing itself through the generation of the quantum averages $$, $$ and $$, which slowly change in time. We show that this observation in particular means that loop corrections to correlation functions in de Sitter space can not be obtained via analytical continuation of those calculated on the sphere. We find harmonics for which the particle number $$ dominates over the anomalous expectation values $$ and $$. For these harmonics the Dyson--Schwinger equation reduces in the IR limit to the kinetic equation. We solve the latter equation, which allows us to sum up all loop leading IR contributions to the Whiteman function. We perform the calculation for the principle series real scalar fields both in expanding and contracting Poincare patches.
description: 33 pages, 6 fig; Language was corrected
Saisonale Schwankungen der Vitamin D Serumspiegel bei Patienten mit arterieller Hypertonie : Untersuchung zu Unterschieden bei Probanden mit Normgewicht/Präadipositas versus Diabetes mellitus/Adipositas sowie Korrelation der Vitamin D Serumspiegel mit dem Blutdruck
Creators: name: Kutz, Anja Beata
Publisher: name: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Hypertonie
subject: Vitamin-D-Gruppe
subject: 616.132

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Frage, ob es durch die jahreszeitlich unterschiedlichen Sonneneinstrahlungen zu Änderungen der Vitamin D Serumspiegel kommt und diese mit Änderungen der Blutdruckwerte bei Patientenkohorten mit bekannter arterieller Hypertonie einhergehen. Die 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol-Serumspiegel zeigten signifikante jahreszeitliche Unterschiede. Im Sommer lagen nur 9% der in der Patientengruppe mit Diabetes mellitus/Adipositas gemessenen Werte im Bereich für eine ausreichende Versorgung mit ≥75 nmol/l (≥30 ng/ml). In der Gruppe mit Normgewicht/Präadipositas waren es 29%. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf eine deutliche Unterversorgung mit Vitamin D bei Patienten mit arterieller Hypertonie, insbesondere bei Adipositas und Diabetes mellitus, hin. Die ambulante Langzeitblutdruckmessung über 24 Stunden wurde bei allen Patienten wiederholt im Sommer und Winter durchgeführt. Es konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede der Blutdruckwerte zu den verschiedenen Jahreszeiten festgestellt werden. Jahreszeitliche Änderungen des dipping-Verhaltens des Blutdrucks wurden untersucht.
Conditioning prices on purchase history
Creators: name: Acquisti, Alessandro
name: Varian, HR
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150506 Marketing Theory
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140104 Microeconomic Theory

description: The rapid advance in information technology now makes it feasible for sellers to condition their price offers on consumers' prior purchase behavior. In this paper we examine when it is profitable to engage in this form of price discrimination when consumers can adopt strategies to protect their privacy. Our baseline model involves rational consumers with constant valuations for the goods being sold and a monopoly merchant who can commit to a pricing policy. Applying results from the prior literature, we show that although it is feasible to price so as to distinguish high-value and low-value consumers, the merchant will never find it optimal to do so. We then consider various generalizations of this model, such as allowing the seller to offer enhanced services to previous customers, making the merchant unable to commit to a pricing policy, and allowing competition in the marketplace. In these cases we show that sellers will, in general, find it profitable to condition prices on purchase history. © 2005 INFORMS.
title: Barbusse, Henri
title: Barbusse, Henri
Creators: name: Campa, Laurence
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Barbusse, Henri
subject: Barbusse, Henri, 1873-1935

description: Fulfilling the archetype of the war writer, Henri Barbusse is the embodiment of pacifist activism. His book ''Le Feu ''(1916) paved the way for a new genre, that of literary testimony. Acclaimed as soon as it was published, it has been considered as a classic of French war literature ever since.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
On the class of graphs with strong mixing properties
Creators: name: Isaev, Mikhail
name: Isaeva, K. V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study three mixing properties of a graph: large algebraic connectivity, large Cheeger constant (isoperimetric number) and large spectral gap from 1 for the second largest eigenvalue of the transition probability matrix of the random walk on the graph. We prove equivalence of this properties (in some sense). We give estimates for the probability for a random graph to satisfy these properties. In addition, we present asymptotic formulas for the numbers of Eulerian orientations and Eulerian circuits in an undirected simple graph.
title: Press/Journalism (USA)
title: Press/Journalism (USA)
Creators: name: Miller, Alisa
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: USA
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Berichterstattung
subject: World War, 1914-1918--United States
subject: Press coverage

description: In the United States, the press played a key role in shaping public opinion toward the First World War as it shifted from mediator to belligerent. Despite the existence of voices expressing reservations stemming from diverse political philosophies, and informed by ongoing debates about class, immigration and gender, newspapers adopted a largely consistent line that stressed the economic opportunities offered by the war. From April 1917 this coalesced – with coordinated support from official government propagandists – into an approach to “American” patriotism that was for the most part intolerant of dissent, with far-reaching consequences for the post-war culture and war journalism in the 20th century.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Discrete Flavour Groups, θ_13 and Lepton Flavour Violation
Creators: name: Altarelli, Guido
name: Feruglio, Ferruccio
name: Merlo, Luca
name: Stamou, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discrete flavour groups have been studied in connection with special patterns of neutrino mixing suggested by the data, such as Tri-Bimaximal mixing (groups A4, S4...) or Bi-Maximal mixing (group S4...) etc. We review the predictions for sin(θ_13) in a number of these models and confront them with the experimental measurements. We compare the performances of the different classes of models in this respect. We then consider, in a supersymmetric framework, the important implications of these flavour symmetries on lepton flavour violating processes, like μ-> e gamma and similar processes. We discuss how the existing limits constrain these models, once their parameters are adjusted so as to optimize the agreement with the measured values of the mixing angles. In the simplified CMSSM context, adopted here just for indicative purposes, the small tan(beta) range and heavy SUSY mass scales are favoured by lepton flavour violating processes, which makes it even more difficult to reproduce the reported muon g-2 discrepancy.
description: 45 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables; V3 submitted to add an acknowledgment to a Network
title: Intelligence and Espionage (Spain)
title: Intelligence and Espionage (Spain)
Creators: name: García Sanz, Carolina
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Spanien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Spionage
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Spain
subject: Secret service

description: This article deals with operations carried out by belligerent secret services in Spain, challenging the declaration of neutrality issued by Madrid in August 1914. Its primary aim is to internationalize the Spanish experience as a peripheral but far-reaching stage for a secret war, not always easy to track down in the historiography of the First World War. The article will explore diverse schemes and motivations for creating intelligence organizations and will give examples of foreign intelligence communities’ mobilisation efforts against a background of rivalry and cooperation in Spain.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Waller Creek Light Show will intertwine nature and design
Creators: name: Cantrell, Mary
Publisher: name: The Daily Texan
Year: 2014
Subjects: Waller Creek
art installation
art
light show

description: Dazzling light installations will illuminate walkways along Waller Creek on Thursday in an effort to remind the public of a creek they may have forgotten. In an effort to spread awareness about the city’s plans to develop five parks along the creek, the Waller Creek Conservancy will be holding a free light show Thursday night.
title: Making Sense of the War (Spain)
title: Making Sense of the War (Spain)
Creators: name: García Sanz, Carolina
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Spanien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Öffentliche Meinung
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Spain
subject: Public opinion

description: This article deals with Spanish representations of neutrality and war within domestic ideological space. Spaniards suffered acutely from the pressures of economic and maritime war. The need to make sense of themselves, by reflecting on the role of their home nation in a world war, would form diverging political and social visions of Spain as nation. From this point of view, Spanish neutrality should receive more careful attention as a foreign policy intertwined with social and cultural stances within a strongly polarized inner context.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
On monads of exact reflective localizations of Abelian categories
Creators: name: Barakat, Mohamed
name: Lange-Hegermann, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18E10, 18E35, 18A40

description: In this paper we define Gabriel monads as the idempotent monads associated to exact reflective localizations in Abelian categories and characterize them by a simple set of properties. The coimage of a Gabriel monad is a Serre quotient category. The Gabriel monad induces an equivalence between its coimage and its image, the localizing subcategory of local objects.
description: fixed Prop. 2.10, updated bibliography
Transportvorgänge in Fluidphasenresonanzmischern
Creators: name: Schmalfuß, Silvio
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: Fluidphasenresonanzmischer
subject: 660

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Anwendung der Euler-Lagrange-Methode in der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik. Am Beispiel eines neuartigen, rührerlosen Mischapparats, dem Fluidphasenresonanz-Mischer, wird zum Einen die Eignung dieser Simulationsmethode für instationäre, turbulente Strömungen in Apparaten im Technikumsmaßstab demonstriert. Im Zuge dessen wird der Mischapparat ausgehend von einer Ausgangsvariante hinsichtlich seiner Mischeigenschaften verbessert. Als Mischaufgabe dient hierbei das Dispergieren von Feststoffpartikeln in einer Flüssigkeit. Zum Anderen werden die Einflüsse von Partikelkräften im Euler-Lagrange-Modell auf die Mischergebnisse untersucht, ebenso wie die Beiträge der einzelnen Kräfte zur gesamten an den Partikeln angreifenden Kraft. Insbesondere die rechenintensiven Kräfte, allen voran die Basset-Kraft, wurden in Partikelsimulationen im Technikums oder Industriemaßstab bisher üblicherweise vernachlässigt. Es zeigt sich jedoch, dass keine der Kräfte stets vernachlässigbar ist und für jede der Einzelkräfte von Fall zu Fall entschieden werden muss, ob sie berücksichtigt werden sollte.
description: The present work is about the application of the Euler-Langrange method in mechanical process engineering. A novel agitator-less mixing apparatus called Fluid Phase Resonance mixer is used as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of this simulation method for transient, turbulent flows in pilot scale devices. For this, based on an initial design, the mixing device is improved with respect to its mixing characteristics for the dispersion of solid particles in a liquid. Furthermore, the influence of single forces in the Lagrangian particle model on the mixing characteristics is analysed, as well as their influence on the overall force acting on the particles. Especially computationally expensive forces, like the Basset force, have usually been neglected in Lagrangian particle simulations for pilot or industry scale devices. But it becomes apparent, that none of the forces analysed may always be neglected. For each of the forces it should be decided from case to case whether to include it or not.
Going With the Flow: The next life of Waller Creek
Creators: name: Phillips, Ari
Publisher: name: The Austin Chronicle
Year: 2013
Subjects: Waller Creek
Life on Waller Creek
Austin
urban creeks

description: In 1982, Joseph Jones published Life on Waller Creek, a meditative book about the University of Texas English professor's decades-long love affair with one of Austin's main urban creeks. For years Jones strolled the creek, taking "inventories" in which he described his thoughts and feelings while picking up trash (some of which he made into art objects) and observing the landscape – a practice that led to his appearance in Richard Linklater's 1991 film, Slacker. In the film, Jones, who had been one of Link professors, talks about the tragedy of life while meandering down a street that crosses Waller Creek. Twenty years later, much of Austin is hardly recognizable – but the area around Waller Creek remains largely unchanged.
Poincare 2-group and quantum gravity
Creators: name: Mikovic, Aleksandar
name: Vojinovic, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that General Relativity can be formulated as a constrained topological theory for flat 2-connections associated to the Poincaré 2-group. Matter can be consistently coupled to gravity in this formulation. We also show that the edge lengths of the spacetime manifold triangulation arise as the basic variables in the path-integral quantization, while the state-sum amplitude is an evaluation of a colored 3-complex, in agreement with the category theory results. A 3-complex amplitude for Euclidean quantum gravity is proposed.
description: v3: published version
title: Post-war Societies
title: Post-war Societies
Creators: name: Bessel, Richard
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Nachkriegszeit
subject: World War, 1914-1918
subject: Influence

description: The First World War caused unprecedented disruption to societies across the globe, from Western and (especially) Central and Eastern Europe to East Africa. While many survivors could celebrate an end to war and cherish hopes for a brighter future, and while many consequences of the conflict – particularly demographic trends and family structures – may have been relatively short-term, other consequences of the war negatively affected people for years. Millions of men had to find their way back from war into civilian life in often difficult circumstances; societies were hollowed out, with the violent deaths of millions and millions not born; millions were scarred with disability and ill-health; many societies remained in a storm of violence that did not cease with the Armistice in 1918; postwar societies contained millions of people who had been uprooted; and war-related economic shocks destabilised societies for years to come.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War