Silhouettella perisalma Alvarez-Padilla & Ubick & Griswold 2015, new species
Creators: name: Alvarez-Padilla, Fernando
name: Ubick, Darrell
name: Griswold, Charles E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Oonopidae
Silhouettella
Silhouettella perisalma

description: Silhouettella perisalma, new species
Figures 9–16, 47, 74–81, 100
TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype from Berlese and sifted leaf litter of a tropical dry forest at an elevation of 210 m, Reserve d’Ankoririka, 10.6 km 13° NE de Tsaramandroso, 24°55′48″S, 46°38′44″E, Mahajanga Province, Madagascar (9–14 April 2001, Fisher et al.), deposited in CASC (PBI_OON 36175).
ETYMOLOGY: The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is dedicated to the first author’s dear friends Alejandro Peris and Alma Garza.
DIAGNOSIS: S. perisalma can be differentiated from S. curieusei, S. osmaniye, and S. usgutra by the yellow and smooth carapace (figs. 9, 11; Saaristo and van Harten, 2002: figs. 15, 16; Topçu et al., 2012). This species differs from S. tomer by the eye arrangement (Saaristo, 2007: fig. 101), from S. betalfa by the book lung covers round and less than ¼ of posterior spiracles groove length (figs. 10, 11; Saaristo, 2007: fig. 96). Unique diagnostic features include male embolar dorsal lamella with a sclerotized triangular prolateral notch (figs. 78, 10, 47 arrows).
DESCRIPTION: Male (PBI_OON 3262). Total length 1.3. Cephalothorax: Carapace pale orange or yellow brown, pars cephalica flat in lateral view, posterolateral edge without pits (figs. 9, 11, 64, 65). Sternum pale orange, surface smooth, microsculpture absent, anterior margin unmodified (figs. 10, 66). Mouthparts: paturon inner margin and dorsal surface with scattered setae (figs. 69, 70, 76). Eyes six, well developed, ALE, PME subequal, larger than PLE, all eyes oval; posterior eye row recurved from above, straight from front; ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PME touching throughout most of their length, PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius (figs. 9, 11, 13). Endites distally excavated, anteromedian tip unmodified, posteromedian part unmodified, same as sternum in sclerotization (figs. 10, 69). Pedicel tube short, ribbed, scutopedicel region unmodified, scutum not extending far dorsal of pedicel, plumose hairs absent, matted setae on anterior ventral abdomen in pedicel area absent (figs. 11, 77). Abdomen: Ovoid. Book lung covers round. Postepigastric area setae light. Legs: Pale orange, without color pattern. Leg spines absent. Tarsi I to IV superior claws tooth not examined in detail. Trichobothria examined with SEM. Tibia with three trichobothria, two distal and one basal, membrane grade shaped (figs. 63, 68). Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore small, oval, situated at level of anterior spiracles, rebordered; furrow without Ω-shaped insertions, without setae (figs. 10, 71). Palp proximal segments pale orange; cymbium pale orange (figs. 10, 13). Embolus dorsal lamella bifurcated (figs. 12, 14), ventral lamella with two or three apophyses (figs. 78–81).
Female: (PBI_OON 3262). Total length 1.4. As in male except as noted. Cephalothorax: Endites distally not excavated (fig. 70). Female palp spines absent. Abdomen: Postepigastric scutum not fused to epigastric scutum (fig. 72). Legs: Tarsi I to IV superior claws tooth not examined in detail. Trichobothria examined with SEM. Tibia: I three two distal one ¼ of the base (figs. 67, 68); metatarsus: I one; base longitudinally narrowed, aperture internal texture gratelike, hood covered by numerous low, closely spaced ridges (fig. 68). Tarsal organ one with four sensilla visible (fig. 75), tarsal organ four with three. Genitalia: Receptaculum length approximately ½ of its width (figs. 15, 16, 73) Papillae field examined with SEM and concentrated in the center of the receptaculum (figs. 73, 74). Female genitalia as in figures 15–16 and 73.
DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Madagascar (fig. 100).
VARIATIONS: Body color varies from pale orange to yellow brown in some specimens from Ankarana National Park. Three specimens have distorted eyes.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 2139. Madagascar Antsiranana: Forêt Ambato, 26.6 km 33° NE Ambanja, rainforest, sifted litter, 150 m, 13°27′52″S, 48°33′6″E, Dec. 08, 2004, B.L. Fisher, 12♂, 15♀, 27 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36101); Forêt d’Analabe, 30.0 km 72° ENE Daraina, littoral forest, 30 m, -13.08333°, 49.90833°, Nov. 27, 2003, B.L. Fisher et al., 2♂, 7♀, 9 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3867); Forêt d’Bekaraoka, 6.8 km 60° ENE Daraina, tropical dry forest, 150 m, -13.00277°, 49.01166°, Dec. 07, 2003, B.L. Fisher et al., 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3906); Forêt d’Ampombofofo, littoral forest, 25 m, -12.09944°, 49.33861°, Nov. 21, 2007 to Nov. 22, 2007, B.L. Fisher et al., 4♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36110); Forêt d’Antsahabe, 11.4 km 275° W Daraina, tropical dry forest, 550 m, -13.00333°, 49.00916°, Dec. 12, 2003, B.L. Fisher et al., 1♂, 2♀, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3328); Forêt d’Orangea, 3.6 km 128° SE Ramena, littoral forest, 90 m, -12.25888°, 49.37472°, Feb. 22, 2001 to Feb. 28, 2001, Fisher, Griswold et al., 78♂, 67♀, 149 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3893); Forêt d’Binara, 7.5 km 230° SW Daraina, tropical dry forest, 375 m, -13.25500°, 49.61666°, Dec. 01, 2003, B.L. Fisher et al., 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3879); Forêt di’Andavakoera, 21.4 km 356° N Betsiaka, rainforest, 425 m, -13.00194°, 49.00361°, Dec. 15, 2003, B.L. Fisher, 4♂, 9♀, 13 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3334); Montagne des Français 7.2 km 142° SE Antsiranana (= Diego Suarez), littoral forest, 180 m, -12.32277°, 49.33805°, Feb. 22, 2001 to Feb. 28, 2001, Fisher et al., 4♂, 2♀, 6 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3888); Nosy Be, Reserve Naturelle Integrale de Lokobe, 6.3 km 112° ESE Hellville, rainforest, 30 m, -13.41944°, 48.33111°, Mar. 19, 2001 to Mar. 24, 2001, Fisher, Griswold, et al., 1♀ (CASC PBI_ OON 3895); Reserve Spéciale d’Ambre, 3.5 km 235° SW Sakaramy, tropical dry forest, 325 m, -12.46888°, 49.24222°, Jan. 26, 2001 to Jan. 31, 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, ♂, ♀, 9 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3330); Reserve Spéciale d’Ankarana, 22.9 km 224° SW Anivorano Nord, tropical dry forest, 80 m, -12.90888°, 49.10972°, Feb. 10, 2001 to Feb. 16, 2001, Fisher et al., ♂, ♀, 16 mixed (CASC PBI_ OON 3881); Reserve Spéciale Manongarivo: 10.8 km 229° SW Antanambao, rainforest, 400 m, -13.96166°, 48.43333°, Nov. 08, 1998, B.L. Fisher, ♂, ♀, 45 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36243). Fianarantsoa: Forêt d’Analalava, 29.6 km 280° W Ranohira, tropical dry forest, 700 m, -22.59166°, 45.12833°, Feb. 01, 2003 to Feb. 05, 2003, Fisher et al., 4♂, 6♀, 10 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3346); Parc National d’Isalo, 9.1 km 354° N Ranohira, gallery forest, 725 m, -22.48166°, 45.46166°, Jan. 27, 2003 to Jan. 31, 2003, Fisher et al., 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3353). Parc National Ranomafana, 983 m. -21.26281°, 47.42031°, Apr. 23, 2011. L.S. Rahanitriniaina and R. Raveloson, ♂, ♀, 6 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032470). Mahajanga: Forêt d’Ambohimanga, 26.1 km 314° Mampikony, tropical dry forest, 250 m, -15.96277°, 47.43805°, Dec. 13, 2004, B.L. Fisher, 78♂, 76♀, 154 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36100); 15♂, 23♀, 38 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36105); Forêt de Tsimembo, 8.7km 336° NNW Soatana, tropical dry forest, 20 m, -19.02138°, 44.44055°, Nov. 21, 2001 to Nov. 25, 2001, B.L. Fisher et al., 4♂, 9♀, 13 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3896); Parc National d’Ankarafantsika, 40 km 306° NW Andranofasika, tropical dry forest, 130 m, -16.32083°, 46.81055°, Mar. 26, 2001 to Apr. 01, 2001, Fisher et al., 36♂, 29♀, 65 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 2765); 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3904); Parc National d’Ankarafantsika, Ampijoroa Station Forestiere, 5.4 km 331° NW Andranofasika, tropical dry forest, 70 m, -16.29888°, 46.81305°, Mar. 26, 2001 to Apr. 01, 2001, Fisher et al., 38♂, 50♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3894); Parc National d’Ankarafantsika, Forêt d’Tsimaloto, 18.3 km 46° NE Tsaramandroso, tropical dry forest, 135 m, -16.22805°, 46.14361°, Apr. 02, 2001 to Apr. 08, 2001, Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3900); Parc National Ankarafantsika, 61-140 m, -21.26281° 47.42031° Apr. 14–25, 2011, L.S. Rahanitriniaina and R. Raveloson, ♂, ♀, 22 mixed Syntypes (MHNG PBI_OON_0032431); ♂, ♀, 37 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032384); ♂, ♀, 21 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032418); ♂, ♀, 15 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032435); ♂, ♀, 9 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032460); ♂, ♀, 62 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032450); ♂, ♀, 10 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032445); 3♀ (MHNG PBI_OON_0035744); ♂, ♀, 16 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032455); 1♀ (MHNG PBI_OON_0006321); ♂, ♀, 15 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032462); ♂, ♀, 76 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032414); ♂, ♀, 41 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032422); ♂, ♀, 28 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032437); ♂, ♀, 9 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032466); ♂, ♀, 30 mixed (MHNG PBI_ OON_0032403); ♂, ♀, 6 mixed (MHNG PBI_OON_0032470); ♂, ♀, 5 mixed (MHNG PBI_ OON_0032387); 1♂ (MHNG PBI_OON_0032461); 1♀ (MHNG PBI_OON_0035747); Parc National de Baie de Baly, 12.4 km 337° NNW Soalala, tropical dry forest, 10 m, -16.01000°, 45.26500°, Nov. 26, 2002 to Nov. 30, 2002, Fisher et al., 24♂, 14♀, 38 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3356); Parc National de Namoroka, 16.9 km 317° NW Vilanandro, tropical dry forest, 100 m, -16.40666°, 45.31000°, Nov. 12, 2002 to Nov. 16, 2002, Griswold et al., 14♂, 11♀, 25 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 2014); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3339); 3♂, 2♀, 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3352); Parc National d’Namoroka, 17.8 km 329° WNW Vilanandro, tropical dry forest, 100 m, -16.37666°, 45.32666°, Nov. 08, 2002 to Nov. 12, 2002, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3332); 52♂, ♀, 486 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3857); Parc National d’Namoroka, 9.8 km 300° WNW Vilanandro, tropical dry forest, 140 m, -16.46666°, 45.35000°, Nov. 04, 2002 to Nov. 08, 2002, C. Griswold et al., 2♂, 5♀, 7 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3868); Parc National Tsingy d’Bemaraha, 10.6 km 123° ESE Antsalova, tropical dry forest, 150 m, -19.70944°, 44.71805°, Nov. 16, 2001 to Nov. 20, 2001, B.L. Fisher et al., 12♂, 22♀, 34 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3853); 1♂, 1♀, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_ OON 3873); Parc National Tsingy d’Bemaraha, 2.5 km 62° ENE Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa River, tropical dry forest, 100 m, -19.13222°, 44.81472°, Nov. 11, 2001 to Nov. 15, 2001, B.L. Fisher et al., 9♂, 14♀, 23 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3854); Parc National Ankarafantsika, 27.51 km SSE Marovoay, secondary tropical forest, 126 m, -16.31000°, 46.82305°, Jan. 27, 2009, D. Andriamalala, C. Griswold, G. Hormiga, A. Saucedo, N. Scharff, and H. Wood, 1♂, 1♀, 2 mixed (GWU PBI_OON 35155); 1♂, 1♀, 2 mixed (GWU PBI_OON 35158); 1♂ (GWU PBI_OON 34350); Reserve d’Ankoririka, 10.6 km 13° NE de Tsaramandroso, tropical dry forest, 210 m, -16.26722°, 46.04861°, Apr. 09, 2001 to Apr. 14, 2001, Fisher et al., 123♂, 165♀, 90 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3262). Reserve Forestière Beanka 52.7 km E of Maintirano, tropical dry forest, 300 m, -18.06222°, 44.52583°, Oct. 22, 2009 to Oct. 24, 2009, B.L. Fisher et al., 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 36111); 4♂, 1♀, 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36127); 1♂, 1♀, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_ OON 36118), 2♀ (MNHN PBI_OON 36085), 1♂ (MNHN PBI_OON 36157). Toliara: 2.7 km 302° WNW Ste. Luce, littoral forest, 20 m, -24.77166°, 47.17166°, Dec. 09, 1998 to Dec. 11, 1998, B.L. Fisher, 17♂, 4♀, 21 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3245); Antafoky, gallery forest, 60 m, -23.47916°, 44.06611°, Jan. 26, 2002, Frontier Project, 2♂, 3♀, 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3858); Beza-Mahafaly, 27 km E Betioky, rainforest, 135 m, -23.65000°, 44.63333°, Apr. 23, 1997, B.L. Fisher, 39♂, 25♀, 64 mixed (CASC PBI_ OON 3869); Vohibasia Forest, 59 km NE Sakaraha, tropical dry forest, 780 m, -22.46666°, 41.83333°, Jan. 13, 1996, B.L. Fisher, 3♂, 3♀, 6 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 36394); Fiherenana, degraded gallery forest, 100 m, -23.17694°, 43.96083°, Dec. 01, 2002 to Dec. 04, 2002, Frontier Project, 1♂ (CASC PBI_ OON 3298), 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3319); Forêt d’Beroboka, 5.9 km 131° SE Ankidranoka, tropical dry forest, 80 m, -22.23305°, 43.36638°, Mar. 12, 2002 to Mar. 16, 2002, B.L. Fisher et al., 1♂, 1♀, 2 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3355); Forêt d’Kirindy, 15.5 km 64° ENE Marofandilia, tropical dry forest, 100 m, -20.04500°, 44.66222°, Nov. 28, 2001 to Dec. 03, 2001, B.L. Fisher et al., 2♂, 2♀ 4 mixed (CASC PBI_ OON 3901); 28♂, 52♀, 80 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3905); Forêt d’Mahavelo, Isantoria River, 5.5 km 37° NE Ifotaka, spiny forest thicket, 115 m, -24.75361°, 46.15138°, Jan. 31, 2002, B.L. Fisher et al., 1♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3246); 1♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3851); Forêt d’Mite, 20.7 km 29° WNW Tongobory, Gallery forest, 75 m, -23.52416°, 44.12138°, Feb. 27, 2002 to Mar. 03, 2002, B.L. Fisher et al., 23♂, 27♀, 50 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3865); Forêt d’Tsinjoriaky, 6.2 km 84° E Tsifota, spiny forest thicket, 70 m, -22.80222°, 43.42055°, Mar. 06, 2002 to Mar. 10, 2002, B.L. Fisher et al., 25♂, 9♀, 34 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3324); Mahafaly Plateau, 6.2 km 74° ENE Itampolo, spiny forest thicket, 80 m, -24.65361°, 43.99666°, Feb. 21, 2002 to Feb. 25, 2002, B.L. Fisher et al., 3♂ (CASC PBI_OON 3329); 11♂, 7♀, 18 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3877); Manderano, spiny forest thicket, 80 m, -23.52333°, 44.09444°, June 08, 2002, Frontier Project, 3♂, 5♀ 8 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3320); Manderano, Gallery forest, 75 m, -23.52416°, 44.09277°, May 29, 2002, Frontier Project, 5♂, 3♀ 8 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3321); Manderano, gallery forest, 70 m, -23.52722°, 44.08750°, May 10, 2002, Frontier Project, 1♂, 2♀, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3350); Manombo, dry forest, 227 m, -22.80250°, 43.76500°, May 09, 2004 to May 21, 2004, Frontier Project, 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3318); Manombo, gallery forest, 177 m, -22.81083°, 43.73444°, Apr. 30, 2004 to May 02, 2004, Frontier Project, 3♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3450); Manombo, gallery forest, 165 m, -22.81222°, 43.73944°, May 22, 2004 to May 24, 2004, Frontier Project, 5♂, 10♀ 15 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3456); Parc National d’Andohahela, Forêt d’Ambohibory, 1.7 km 61° ENE Tsimelahy, 36.1 km 308° NW Tolagnaro, tropical dry forest, 300 m, -24.93000°, 46.64555°, Jan. 16, 2002 to Jan. 20, 2002, B.L. Fisher et al., 4♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3855); Parc National d’Andohahela, Forêt d’Manantalinjo, 33.6 km 63° ENE Amboasary, 7.6 km 99° E Hazofotsy, spiny forest thicket, 150 m, -24.81694°, 46.61000°, Jan. 12, 2002 to Jan. 16, 2002, B.L. Fisher et al., 4♂, 5♀, 10 mixed (CASC PBI_ OON 3872); Parc National d’Kirindy Mite, 16.3 km 127° SE Belo sur Mer, tropical dry forest, 80 m, -20.79527°, 44.14694°, Dec. 06, 2001 to Dec. 10, 2001, B.L. Fisher et al., 41♂, 22♀, 63 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3358); Parc National d’Tsimanampetsotsa, 6.7 km 130° SE Efoetse, 23 km 175° S Beheloka, spiny forest thicket, 25 m, -24.10055°, 43.76000°, Mar. 18, 2002 to Mar. 22, 2002, B.L. Fisher et al., 4♂, 3♀, 7 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3341); 12♂, 16♀, 28 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3884); Parc National d’Tsimanampetsotsa, Forêt d’Bemanateza, 20.7 km 81° E Efoetse, 23.0 km 131° SE Beheloka, spiny forest thicket, 90 m, -23.99222°, 43.88055°, Mar. 22, 2002 to Mar. 26, 2002, B.L. Fisher et al., 12♂, 5♀, 17 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3902); Parc National d’Zombitse, 19.8 km 84° E Sakaraha, dry forest on sandy soil, 770 m, -22.84333°, 44.71000°, Feb. 05, 2003 to Feb. 09, 2003, Fisher, Griswold et al., 7♂ (CASC PBI_ OON 36244); Ranobe, spiny forest thicket, 30 m, -23.03944°, 43.61027°, Jan. 05, 2003 to Jan. 28, 2003, Frontier Project, 3♂, 1♀, 4 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3314); Ranobe, spiny forest thicket, 30 m, -23.03944°, 43.61027°, Feb. 17, 2003 to Feb. 21, 2003, Frontier Project, 3♂, 2♀, 5 mixed (CASC PBI_ OON 3315); Ranobe, spiny forest thicket, 30 m, -23.03944°, 43.61027°, Apr. 25, 2003 to Apr. 28, 2003, Frontier Project, 10♂, 3♀, 13 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3316); Ranobe, riparian forest, 20 m, -23.04638°, 43.61028°, May 17, 2003 to May 21, 2003, Frontier Project, 2♂, 2♀ 4 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3317); Ranobe, spiny forest thicket, 30 m, -23.03944°, 43.61027°, Feb. 05, 2003 to Feb. 09, 2003, Frontier Project, 1♂, 2♀, 3 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3875); Reserve Spéciale de Cap Sainte Marie, 12.3 km 262° W Marovato, spiny forest thicket, 200 m, -25.58166°, 45.16833°, Feb. 11, 2002 to Feb. 15, 2002, B.L. Fisher et al., 2♀ (CASC PBI_OON 3333); 9♂, 3♀, 12 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3336); Reserve Spéciale de Cap Sainte Marie, 14.9 km 261° W Marovato, spiny forest thicket, 160 m, -25.59444°, 45.14694°, Feb. 13, 2002 to Feb. 19, 2002, B.L. Fisher et al., 4♂, 5♀, 9 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3886); Sept Lacs, Gallery forest, 80 m, -23.52833°, 44.15555°, Mar. 08, 2002, Frontier Project, 2♂, 3♀, 5 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3323); Sept Lacs, spiny thicket gallery forest transition, 130 m, -23.52083°, 44.14305°, Aug. 20, 2002, Frontier Project, 8♂, 10♀, 18 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3856); Sept Lacs, spiny thicket gallery forest transition, 160 m, -23.52472°, 44.15916°, Mar. 10, 2002, Frontier Project, 5♂, 2♀, 7 mixed (CASC PBI_OON 3870); Reserve Spéciale Beza Mahafaly 26.19 km ENE Betioky, Gallery forest, 147 m, -23.65500°, 44.63277°, Jan. 18, 2009, D. Andriamalala, C. Griswold, G. Hormiga, A. Saucedo, N. Scharff, and H. Wood, 1♂ (GWU PBI_OON 35146).
description: Published as part of Alvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Ubick, Darrell & Griswold, Charles E., 2015, Indian Ocean goblin spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae): four new species of pelicinoids from Madagascar, with a redescription of the type species Silhouettella curieusei Benoit, 1979, pp. 1-32 in American Museum Novitates 2015 (3835) on pages 7-8, DOI: 10.1206/3835.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5368140