cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ChestX-ray8: Hospital-scale Chest X-ray Database and Benchmarks on Weakly-Supervised Classification and Localization of Common Thorax Diseases
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaosong
name: Peng, Yifan
name: Lu, Le
name: Lu, Zhiyong
name: Bagheri, Mohammadhadi
name: Summers, Ronald M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The chest X-ray is one of the most commonly accessible radiological examinations for screening and diagnosis of many lung diseases. A tremendous number of X-ray imaging studies accompanied by radiological reports are accumulated and stored in many modern hospitals' Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS). On the other side, it is still an open question how this type of hospital-size knowledge database containing invaluable imaging informatics (i.e., loosely labeled) can be used to facilitate the data-hungry deep learning paradigms in building truly large-scale high precision computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. In this paper, we present a new chest X-ray database, namely "ChestX-ray8", which comprises 108,948 frontal-view X-ray images of 32,717 unique patients with the text-mined eight disease image labels (where each image can have multi-labels), from the associated radiological reports using natural language processing. Importantly, we demonstrate that these commonly occurring thoracic diseases can be detected and even spatially-located via a unified weakly-supervised multi-label image classification and disease localization framework, which is validated using our proposed dataset. Although the initial quantitative results are promising as reported, deep convolutional neural network based "reading chest X-rays" (i.e., recognizing and locating the common disease patterns trained with only image-level labels) remains a strenuous task for fully-automated high precision CAD systems. Data download link: https://nihcc.app.box.com/v/ChestXray-NIHCC
description: CVPR 2017 spotlight;V1: CVPR submission+supplementary; V2: Statistics and benchmark results on published ChestX-ray14 dataset are updated in Appendix B V3: Minor correction V4: new data download link upated: https://nihcc.app.box.com/v/ChestXray-NIHCC V5: Update benchmark results on the published data split in the appendix
Mitteilungen des Oberhessischen Geschichtsvereins Gießen 95 (2010)
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
name: Justus Liebig University Giessen
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Gießen
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: ddc:943

description: I. Beiträge Gabriele Rasbach: Die römische Stadt von Lahnau-Waldgirmes. Kelten, Germanen und Römer im Lahntal Susanne Gerschlauer: Die evangelische Kirche von Großen-Buseck - Neue Erkenntnisse zu einem alten Dach Susanne Gerschlauer/Michael Gottwald/Volker Hess/Christoph Röder: Eine mittelalterliche Grube bei Buseck-Beuern Dagmar Klein: Die 375-jährige Todenwart-Stiftung wurde zu neuem Leben erweckt Konrad Schneider: Ziegelhütte, Pottaschesiederei und Pläne zu einer Fayence- und Steingutfabrik in Einartshausen im Vogelsberg Rolf Schmidt: Die Gießener Auswanderungsgesellschaft Ludwig Brake: Frauen in Gießener Vereinen im 19. Jahrhundert Chris Nees: Schloss Rauischholzhausen, Schöpfung eines kunstverständigen Bauherrn, der mit viel Liebe an seinem Bau hing Lothar Schüler: Chronik der "Heinrich-Cloos-Stiftung zu Gießen" Dieter Steil: "Auf Dein Kommen ... freuen wir uns sehr ..." - Martin Bubers Beziehungen zu Gießen Kurt Heyne: Heinrich von Zügel (1850-1940): Tiermaler und Ehrendoktor der Veterinärmedizinischen Fakultät der Universität Gießen Karl Dienst: "Kirchenkampf" zwischen Beschreibung und Deutung Ingfried Stahl: Opfer des NS-Regimes - Angenrods letzte Israeliten II. Miszellen Ludwig Brake, Susanne Gerschlauer, Volker Hess: Regionalgeschichte für alle - Ein OHG-Projekt zur Geschichte Oberhessens im Internet Matthias Recke: Jahresbericht aus der Gießener Antikensammlung 2009-2010 Hans-Joachim Weimann: Der Lahnstein III. Rezensionen IV. Vereinsleben V. Presseberichterstattung VI. Autorinnen und Autoren
Intersection of the Web-Based Vaping Narrative With COVID-19: Topic Modeling Study
Creators: name: Airoldi, Edoardo
name: Soale, Abdul-Nasah
name: Sha, Yongjie
name: Forastiere, Laura
name: Janmohamed, Kamila
name: Kumar, Navin
name: Demant, Jakob
name: Tang, Weiming
Publisher: name: JMIR Publications
Year: 2020

description: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak was designated a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. The relationship between vaping and contracting COVID-19 is unclear, and information on the internet is conflicting. There is some scientific evidence that vaping cannabidiol (CBD), an active ingredient in cannabis that is obtained from the hemp plant, or other substances is associated with more severe manifestations of COVID-19. However, there is also inaccurate information that vaping can aid COVID-19 treatment, as well as expert opinion that CBD, possibly administered through vaping, can mitigate COVID-19 symptoms. Thus, it is necessary to study the spread of inaccurate information to better understand how to promote scientific knowledge and curb inaccurate information, which is critical to the health of vapers. Inaccurate information about vaping and COVID-19 may affect COVID-19 treatment outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: Using structural topic modeling, we aimed to map temporal trends in the web-based vaping narrative (a large data set comprising web-based vaping chatter from several sources) to indicate how the narrative changed from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: We obtained data using a textual query that scanned a data pool of approximately 200,000 different domains (4,027,172 documents and 361,100,284 words) such as public internet forums, blogs, and social media, from August 1, 2019, to April 21, 2020. We then used structural topic modeling to understand changes in word prevalence and semantic structures within topics around vaping before and after December 31, 2019, when COVID-19 was reported to the World Health Organization.
RESULTS: Broadly, the web-based vaping narrative can be organized into the following groups or archetypes: harms from vaping; Vaping Regulation; Vaping as Harm Reduction or Treatment; and Vaping Lifestyle. Three archetypes were observed prior to the emergence of COVID-19; however, four archetypes were identified post-COVID-19 (Vaping as Harm Reduction or Treatment was the additional archetype). A topic related to CBD product preference emerged after COVID-19 was first reported, which may be related to the use of CBD by vapers as a COVID-19 treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Our main finding is the emergence of a vape-administered CBD treatment narrative around COVID-19 when comparing the web-based vaping narratives before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results are key to understanding how vapers respond to inaccurate information about COVID-19, optimizing treatment of vapers who contract COVID-19, and possibly minimizing instances of inaccurate information. The findings have implications for the management of COVID-19 among vapers and the monitoring of web-based content pertinent to tobacco to develop targeted interventions to manage COVID-19 among vapers.
Convolutions for Berezin quantization and Berezin-Lieb inequalities
Creators: name: Luef, Franz
name: Skrettingland, Eirik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 7G30, 35S05, 46E35, 47B10

description: Notions and results from quantum harmonic analysis, such as the convolution between functions and operators or between two operators, is identified as the appropriate setting for Berezin quantization and Berezin-Lieb inequalities. Based on this insight we provide a rigorous approach to generalized phase-space representation introduced by Klauder-Skagerstam and their variants of Berezin-Lieb inequalities in this setting. Hence our presentation of the results of Klauder-Skagerstam gives a more conceptual framework, which yields as a byproduct an interesting perspective on the connection between Berezin quantization and Weyl quantization.
A novel high-current, high-resolution, low-kinetic-energy electron source for inverse photoemission spectroscopy
Creators: name: Ibach, H.
name: Sato, H.
name: Kubo, M.
name: Tautz, F. S.
name: Yoshida, H.
name: Bocquet, F. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high-current electron source for inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) is described. The source comprises a thermal cathode electron emission system, an electrostatic deflector-monochromator, and a lens system for variable kinetic energy (1.6 - 20 eV) at the target. When scaled to the energy resolution, the electron current is an order of magnitude higher than that of previously described electron sources developed in the context of electron energy loss spectroscopy. Surprisingly, the experimentally measured energy resolution turned out to be significantly better than calculated by standard programs, which include the electron-electron repulsion in the continuum approximation. The achieved currents are also significantly higher than predicted. We attribute this "inverse Boersch-effect" to a mechanism of velocity selection in the forward direction by binary electron-electron collisions.
Cosmological scenarios from multiquintessence
Creators: name: Correa, R. A. C.
name: Moraes, P. H. R. S.
name: Dutra, A. de Souza
name: Santos, J. R. L.
name: de aula, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we derive and analyse cosmological scenarios coming from multi-component scalar field models. We consider a direct sum of a sine-Gordon with a Z2 model, and also a combination of those with a BNRT model. Moreover, we work with a modified version of the BNRT model, which breaks the Z2 x Z2 symmetry of the original BNRT potential, coupled with the sine-Gordon and with the standard Z2 models. We show that our approach can be straightforwardly elevated to $N$ fields. All the computations are made analytically and some parameters restriction is put forward in order to get in touch with complete and realistic cosmological scenarios.
A Hybrid Feasibility Constraints-Guided Search to the Two-Dimensional Bin Packing Problem with Due Dates
Creators: name: Polyakovskiy, S.
name: M'Hallah, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The two-dimensional non-oriented bin packing problem with due dates packs a set of rectangular items, which may be rotated by 90 degrees, into identical rectangular bins. The bins have equal processing times. An item's lateness is the difference between its due date and the completion time of its bin. The problem packs all items without overlap as to minimize maximum lateness Lmax. The paper proposes a tight lower bound that enhances an existing bound on Lmax for 24.07% of the benchmark instances and matches it in 30.87% cases. In addition, it models the problem using mixed integer programming (MIP), and solves small-sized instances exactly using CPLEX. It approximately solves larger-sized instances using a two-stage heuristic. The first stage constructs an initial solution via a first-fit heuristic that applies an iterative constraint programming (CP)-based neighborhood search. The second stage, which is iterative too, approximately solves a series of assignment low-level MIPs that are guided by feasibility constraints. It then enhances the solution via a high-level random local search. The approximate approach improves existing upper bounds by 27.45% on average, and obtains the optimum for 33.93% of the instances. Overall, the exact and approximate approaches identify the optimum for 39.07% cases. The proposed approach is applicable to complex problems. It applies CP and MIP sequentially, while exploring their advantages, and hybridizes heuristic search with MIP. It embeds a new lookahead strategy that guards against infeasible search directions and constrains the search to improving directions only; thus, differs from traditional lookahead beam searches.
Field redefinition invariant Lagrange multiplier formalism
Creators: name: Brandt, F. T.
name: Martins-Filho, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a field redefinition invariant Lagrange multiplier (LM) formalism in which new ghost-like fields, analogous to Lee-Yang ghosts, are introduced. These ghost fields are required to restore the field redefinition invariance of the standard path integral of the LM theory and, at the same time, to cancel the additional contributions due to the LM fields. We argue that the extra degrees of freedom in the standard LM formalism, coming from the LM fields, should cancel against the degrees of freedom of the ghost fields. Hence, in the field redefinition invariant formalism the doubling of degrees of freedom, associated with the LM fields, is absent.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures. Typos corrected, added two new references. To appear in Annals of Physics
Convex equipartitions of colored point sets
Creators: name: Blagojević, Pavle V. M.
name: Rote, Günter
name: Steinmeyer, Johanna K.
name: Ziegler, Günter M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52C35

description: We show that any $d$-colored set of points in general position in $\mathbb{R}^d$ can be partitioned into $n$ subsets with disjoint convex hulls such that the set of points and all color classes are partitioned as evenly as possible. This extends results by Holmsen, Kynčl & Valculescu (2017) and establishes a special case of their general conjecture. Our proof utilizes a result obtained independently by Soberón and by Karasev in 2010, on simultaneous equipartitions of $d$ continuous measures in $\mathbb{R}^d$ by $n$ convex regions. This gives a convex partition of $\mathbb{R}^d$ with the desired properties, except that points may lie on the boundaries of the regions. In order to resolve the ambiguous assignment of these points, we set up a network flow problem. The equipartition of the continuous measures gives a fractional flow. The existence of an integer flow then yields the desired partition of the point set.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Rural community pharmacies’ preparedness for and responses to COVID-19
Creators: name: Rosenthal, Meagen
name: Mashburn, Patricia
name: Curran, Geoffrey
name: Westrick, Salisa
name: Kiser, Stephanie
name: Hastings, Tessa
name: Shepherd, J Greene
name: Carpenter, Delesha M
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020

description: BACKGROUND: Few studies have documented rural community pharmacy disaster preparedness.
OBJECTIVES: To: (1) describe rural community pharmacies' preparedness for and responses to COVID-19 and (2) examine whether responses vary by level of pharmacy rurality.
METHODS: A convenience sample of rural community pharmacists completed an online survey (62% response rate) that assessed: (a) demographic characteristics; (b) COVID-19 information source use; (c) interest in COVID-19 testing; (d) infection control procedures; (e) disaster preparedness training, and (f) medication supply impacts. Descriptive statistics were calculated and differences by pharmacy rurality were explored.
RESULTS: Pharmacists used the CDC (87%), state health departments (77%), and state pharmacy associations (71%) for COVID-19 information, with half receiving conflicting information. Most pharmacists (78%) were interested in offering COVID-19 testing but needed personal protective equipment and training to do so. Only 10% had received disaster preparedness training in the past five years. Although 73% had disaster preparedness plans, 27% were deemed inadequate for the pandemic. Nearly 70% experienced negative impacts in medication supply. There were few differences by rurality level.
CONCLUSION: Rural pharmacies may be better positioned to respond to pandemics if they had disaster preparedness training, updated disaster preparedness plans, and received regular policy guidance from professional bodies.
Gravitational waves from a supercooled electroweak phase transition and their detection with pulsar timing arrays
Creators: name: Kobakhidze, Archil
name: Lagger, Cyril
name: Manning, Adrian
name: Yue, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of a stochastic gravitational wave background produced by a first-order electroweak phase transition in the regime of extreme supercooling. We study a scenario whereby the percolation temperature that signifies the completion of the transition, $T_p$, can be as low as a few MeV (nucleosynthesis temperature), while most of the true vacuum bubbles are formed much earlier at the nucleation temperature, $T_n\sim 50$ GeV. This implies that the gravitational wave spectrum is mainly produced by the collisions of large bubbles and characterised by a large amplitude and a peak frequency as low as $f \sim 10^{-9}-10^{-7}$ Hz. We show that such a scenario can occur in (but not limited to) a model based on a non-linear realisation of the electroweak gauge group, such that the Higgs vacuum configuration is altered by a cubic coupling. In order to carefully quantify the evolution of the phase transition of this model over such a wide temperature range, we go beyond the usual fast transition approximation, taking into account the expansion of the Universe as well as the behaviour of the nucleation probability at low temperatures. Our computation shows that there exists a range of parameters for which the gravitational wave spectrum lies at the edge between the exclusion limits of current pulsar timing array experiments and the detection band of the future Square Kilometre Array observatory.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures. V2: references added and corrections to match published version
Quantifying the structural stability of simplicial homology
Creators: name: Guglielmi, Nicola
name: Savostianov, Anton
name: Tudisco, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 05C50, 65F45, 65K10, 57M15, 62R40

description: The homology groups of a simplicial complex reveal fundamental properties of the topology of the data or the system and the notion of topological stability naturally poses an important yet not fully investigated question. In the current work, we study the stability in terms of the smallest perturbation sufficient to change the dimensionality of the corresponding homology group. Such definition requires an appropriate weighting and normalizing procedure for the boundary operators acting on the Hodge algebra's homology groups. Using the resulting boundary operators, we then formulate the question of structural stability as a spectral matrix nearness problem for the corresponding higher-order graph Laplacian. We develop a bilevel optimization procedure suitable for the formulated matrix nearness problem and illustrate the method's performance on a variety of synthetic quasi-triangulation datasets and transportation networks.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures
Thermodynamics of quantum trajectories on a quantum computer
Creators: name: Cech, Marcel
name: Lesanovsky, Igor
name: Carollo, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computers have recently become available as noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. Already these machines yield a useful environment for research on quantum systems and dynamics. Building on this opportunity, we investigate open-system dynamics that are simulated on a quantum computer by coupling a system of interest to an ancilla. After each interaction the ancilla is measured and the sequence of measurements defines a quantum trajectory. Using a thermodynamic analogy, which identifies trajectories as microstates, we show how to control the dynamics of the open system in order to enhance the probability of quantum trajectories with desired properties, e.g., particular patterns or temporal correlations. We discuss how such biased -- generally non-Markovian -- dynamics can be implemented on a unitary, gate-based quantum computer and show proof-of-principle results on the publicly accessible \texttt{ibm\_jakarta} machine. While our study is solely conducted on small systems, it highlights the challenges in controlling complex aspects of open-system dynamics on digital quantum computers.
description: 6+4 pages, 4+2 figures
Time reversal symmetry violation in entangled pseudoscalar neutral charmed mesons
Creators: name: Shi, Yu
name: Yang, Jichong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct observation of time reversal symmetry violation (TV) is important for the test of $CPT$ conservation and the Standard Model. In this paper, we study both time-dependent and time-independent genuine TV signals in entangled $D^0-\bar{D}^0$ pairs. A possible $CPT$-violation effect called the $ω$ effect is also investigated. In the $C=-1$ entangled state, the asymmetries due to TV are calculated to be of the order of $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-4}$ within the Standard Model, but the modification due to the $ω$ effect in the $C=-1$ states is found to be about $10\%-30\%$ when $|ω|\sim 10^{-4}$. This result is consistent with our Monte Carlo simulation, which implies that with $10^9$ to $10^{10}$ events, TV signals can be observed in the entangled $D^0-\bar{D}^0$ pairs, and the bound of $ω\sim 10^{-3}$ can be reached. The time-dependent and the time-independent asymmetries in the $C=-1$ $D^0-\bar{D}^0$ system provides a window to detect new physics such as the $ω$ effect, although they are not easily observable.
description: 32 pages
(500458) George Burrell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Application of Bayesian statistics to the sector of decay constants in three-flavour ChPT
Creators: name: Kolesár, Marián
name: Říha, Jaroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sector of decay constants of the octet of light pseudoscalar mesons in the framework of 'resummed' $SU(3)$ chiral perturbation theory is investigated. A theoretical prediction for the decay constant of $η$-meson is compared to a range of available determinations. Compatibility of these determinations with the latest fits of the $SU(3)$ low energy coupling constants is discussed. Using a Bayesian statistical approach, constraints on the low energy coupling constants $L_4^r$ and $L_5^r$, as well as higher order remainders to the decay constants $F_K$ and $F_η$, are extracted from the most recent experimental and lattice QCD inputs for the values of the decay constants.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, published version, significantly updated
The Need to Include Assisted Living in Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: Resnick, Barbara
name: Kunze, Margo
name: Katz, Paul R.
name: O'Neil, Kevin
name: Sloane, Philip D.
name: Zimmerman, Sheryl
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020

description: The risk of complications and death from COVID-19 is markedly
skewed toward older adults. The US Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) recently wrote, “Given their congregate nature and
residents served (eg, older adults often with underlying chronic
medical conditions), nursing home populations are at the highest risk
of being affected by COVID-19. If infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus
that causes COVID-19, residents are at increased risk of serious
illness.”
One-loop radiative seesaw dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay with two zero flavor neutrino mass texture
Creators: name: Kitabayashi, Teruyuki
name: Ohkawa, Shinya
name: Yasuè, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the linkage between dark matter mass in the one-loop radiative seesaw model and the effective neutrino mass for the neutrino less double beta decay. This linkage, which has been already numerically suggested, is confirmed to be a reasonable relationship by deriving analytical expressions for two zero flavor neutrino mass texture.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, version accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics A
(500459) Thomas A. Russell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Antiferromagnetism, spin splitting, and spin-orbit interaction in MnTe
Creators: name: Rooj, Suman
name: Chakraborty, Jayita
name: Ganguli, Nirmal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hexagonal MnTe emerges as a critical component in designing magnetic quantum heterostructures, calling for a detailed study. After finding a suitable combination of exchange-correlation functional and corrections, our study within {\em ab initio} density functional theory uncovers an insulating state with a preferred antiferromagnetic order. We compute the exchange interaction strengths to estimate the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature via Monte Carlo calculations. Our calculations and symmetry analysis reveal a large spin splitting in the system due to the antiferromagnetic order without considering spin-orbit interaction, except in the $k_x$-$k_y$ plane. Critically examining the band dispersion and spin textures obtained from our calculations and comparing them with an insightful symmetry analysis and analytical model, we confirm a combined Rashba-Dresselhaus interaction in the $k_x$-$k_y$ plane, around the K point of the system. Finally, we find ferroelectricity in the system for a higher energy magnetic configuration. Our results and insights would help design heterostructures of MnTe for technological applications.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Asymptotic Optimality in Stochastic Optimization
Creators: name: Duchi, John
name: Ruan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study local complexity measures for stochastic convex optimization problems, providing a local minimax theory analogous to that of Hájek and Le Cam for classical statistical problems. We give complementary optimality results, developing fully online methods that adaptively achieve optimal convergence guarantees. Our results provide function-specific lower bounds and convergence results that make precise a correspondence between statistical difficulty and the geometric notion of tilt-stability from optimization. As part of this development, we show how variants of Nesterov's dual averaging---a stochastic gradient-based procedure---guarantee finite time identification of constraints in optimization problems, while stochastic gradient procedures fail. Additionally, we highlight a gap between problems with linear and nonlinear constraints: standard stochastic-gradient-based procedures are suboptimal even for the simplest nonlinear constraints, necessitating the development of asymptotically optimal Riemannian stochastic gradient methods.
Constitutive High Expression of NOXA Sensitizes Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Rapid Cell Death
Creators: name: Kapoor, Sahil
name: Lopez, Adriana Beltran
name: Hollville, Emilie
name: Kiapour, Nazanin
name: Basundra, Richa
name: Deshmukh, Mohanish
name: Melchiorre, Nicole Marie
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2022

description: Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are highly sensitive to apoptotic stimuli such as DNA damage, which allows for the rapid elimination of mutated cells during development. However, the mechanisms that maintain hES cells in the primed apoptotic state are not completely known. Key activators of apoptosis, the BH3-only proteins, are present at low levels in most cell types. In contrast, hES cells have constitutive high levels of the BH3-only protein, NOXA. We examined the importance of NOXA for enabling apoptosis in hES cells. hES cells deleted for NOXA showed remarkable protection against multiple apoptotic stimuli. NOXA was constitutively localized to the mitochondria, where it interacted with MCL1. Strikingly, inhibition of MCL1 in NOXA knockout cells was sufficient to sensitize these cells to DNA damage-induced cell death. Our study demonstrates that an essential function of constitutive high levels of NOXA in hES cells is to effectively antagonize MCL1 to permit rapid apoptosis.
ScaDLES: Scalable Deep Learning over Streaming data at the Edge
Creators: name: Tyagi, Sahil
name: Swany, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Distributed deep learning (DDL) training systems are designed for cloud and data-center environments that assumes homogeneous compute resources, high network bandwidth, sufficient memory and storage, as well as independent and identically distributed (IID) data across all nodes. However, these assumptions don't necessarily apply on the edge, especially when training neural networks on streaming data in an online manner. Computing on the edge suffers from both systems and statistical heterogeneity. Systems heterogeneity is attributed to differences in compute resources and bandwidth specific to each device, while statistical heterogeneity comes from unbalanced and skewed data on the edge. Different streaming-rates among devices can be another source of heterogeneity when dealing with streaming data. If the streaming rate is lower than training batch-size, device needs to wait until enough samples have streamed in before performing a single iteration of stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Thus, low-volume streams act like stragglers slowing down devices with high-volume streams in synchronous training. On the other hand, data can accumulate quickly in the buffer if the streaming rate is too high and the devices can't train at line-rate. In this paper, we introduce ScaDLES to efficiently train on streaming data at the edge in an online fashion, while also addressing the challenges of limited bandwidth and training with non-IID data. We empirically show that ScaDLES converges up to 3.29 times faster compared to conventional distributed SGD.
Infinite partial sumsets in the primes
Creators: name: Tao, Terence
name: Ziegler, Tamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11P32

description: We show that there exist infinite sets $A = \{a_1,a_2,\dots\}$ and $B = \{b_1,b_2,\dots\}$ of natural numbers such that $a_i+b_j$ is prime whenever $1 \leq i < j$.
description: 13 pages, no figures. A reference has been corrected
Das Treverer-Gräberfeld mit Wagenbestattungen von Hoppstädten-Weiersbach, Kreis Birkenfeld
Creators: name: Haffner, Alfred
Publisher: name: Trierer Zeitschrift - Archäologie und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete
Year: 2022

description: Trierer Zeitschrift - Archäologie und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete, Bd. 32 (1969): Trierer Zeitschrift : für Geschichte und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete
Test of the Pauli Exclusion Principle in the VIP-2 underground experiment
Creators: name: Curceanu, C.
name: Shi, H.
name: Bartalucci, S.
name: Bertolucci, S.
name: Berucci, C.
name: Bragadireanu, A. M.
name: Cargnelli, M.
name: Clozza, A.
name: De Paolis, L.
name: Di Matteo, S.
name: Egger, J. -P.
name: Guaraldo, C.
name: Iliescu, M.
name: Marton, J.
name: Laubenstein, M.
name: Milotti, E.
name: Pietreanu, D.
name: Piscicchia, K.
name: Scordo, A.
name: Sirghi, D. L.
name: Sirghi, F.
name: Sperandio, L.
name: Doce, O. Vazquez
name: Widmann, E.
name: Zmeskal, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The validity of the Pauli Exclusion Principle, a building block of Quantum Mechanics, is tested for electrons. The VIP (VIolation of Pauli exclusion principle) and its follow-up VIP-2 experiments at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso search for x-rays from copper atomic transition that are prohibited by the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The candidate events, if they exist, originate from the transition of a $2p$ orbit electron to the ground state which is already occupied by two electrons. The present limit on the probability for Pauli Exclusion Principle violation for electrons set by the VIP experiment is 4.7 $\times$ 10 $^{-29}$. We report a first result from the VIP-2 experiment improving on the VIP limit, that solidifies the final goal to achieve a two order of magnitude gain in the long run.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to journal Entropy special issue: "Quantum Information and Foundations", 2017
(500460) John Allison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Lattice Calculation of Nucleon Isovector Axial Charge with Improved Currents
Creators: name: Liang, Jian
name: Yang, Yi-Bo
name: Liu, Keh-Fei
name: Alexandru, Andrei
name: Draper, Terrence
name: Sufian, Raza Sabbir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ dimension-4 operators to improve the local vector and axial-vector currents and calculate the nucleon isovector axial coupling $g^3_A$ with overlap valence on $2+1$-flavor Domain Wall Fermion sea. Using the equality of $g^3_A$ from the spatial and temporal components of the axial-vector current as a normalization condition, we find that $g_A^3$ is increased by a few percent towards the experimental value. The excited-state contamination has been taken into account with three time separations between the source and sink. The improved axial charges $g_A^{3}(24I)=1.22(4)$ and $g_A^{3}(32I)=1.21(3)$ are obtained on a $24^3\times 64$ lattice at pion mass of 330 MeV and a $32^3\times 64$ lattice at pion mass 300 MeV are increased by $3.4\%$ and $1.7\%$ from their unimproved values, respectively. We have also used clover fermion on the same DWF configurations and find the same behavior for the local axial charge as that of the overlap fermion.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures, matched to the version accepted by PRD
Support $τ$-tilting subcategories in exact categories
Creators: name: Pan, Jixing
name: Zhang, Yaohua
name: Zhu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G10, 18E40, 16S90, 18E99

description: Let $\mathcal{E}=(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{S})$ be an exact category with enough projectives $\mathcal{P}$. We introduce the notion of support $τ$-tilting subcategories of $\mathcal{E}$. It is compatible with existing definitions of support $τ$-tilting modules (subcategories) in various context. It is also a generalization of tilting subcategories of exact categories. We show that there is a bijection between support $τ$-tilting subcategories and certain $τ$-cotorsion pairs. Given a support $τ$-tilting subcategory $\mathcal{T}$, we find a subcategory $\mathcal{E}_{\mathcal{T}}$ of $\mathcal{E}$ which is an exact category and $\mathcal{T}$ is a tilting subcategory of $\mathcal{E}_{\mathcal{T}}$. If $\mathcal{E}$ is Krull-Schmidt, we prove the cardinal $|\mathcal{T}|$ is equal to the number of isomorphism classes of indecomposable projectives $Q$ such that ${\rm Hom}_{\mathcal{E}}(Q,\mathcal{T})\neq 0$. We also show a functorial version of Brenner-Butler's theorem.
description: 20 pages. There are some modifications in the published version on J. Alg
title: Free surface interaction of a ‘T-foil’ hydrofoil
Creators: name: Ashworth Briggs, AJE
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2019

description: This thesis presents an investigation of the flow field around the tip vortex of a t-foil hydrofoil. The objective of the investigation was to gain understanding of the mechanisms surrounding the inception of tip vortex ventilation of t-foil hydrofoils which will inform the evolution of the next generation of t-foil hydrofoil design for both commercial passenger and high performance sail craft.
Qualitatively – Observations from images taken during high speed towing tank testing at velocities between 2 to 12 ms\(^{-1}\) were compared and estimations made of the wake age, and the submergence, at which tip vortex filament cavitation and tip vortex ventilation may occur in a controlled environment. Quantitatively – Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) velocity fields were obtained experimentally for a vertically mounted flat plate at angle of incidence and a NACA 0012 t-foil hydrofoil at an angle of attack (\(AoA\)) of 8°, with a submergence to chord ratio (\(h/c\)) of between 0.11 and 1.70 and at streamwise distance to chord length ratio or wake age (\(x/c\)) of between 0 and 5. The flow fields were compared using the metrics of circulation, peak tangential velocity, vorticity and velocity profiles of the components of the planar cross velocity.
A methodology was developed for tracking the location of the wandering vortex core and the experimental and numerical results compared. At high angle of attack the numerical results identified that vortex shedding from the leading edge separation of the test geometry is a possible contributory factor to the vortex wandering phenomena. The vortex centre and the point of extreme core velocity were found not to be co-located. The point of extreme streamwise velocity within the vortex core was located within half the vortex radius of the vortex centre. During investigation of the t-foil hydrofoil, the inception of both vortex filament cavitation and ventilation were observed within the tip vortex. The trajectory of the tip vortex was affected by the velocity and submergence of the t-foil with progressive descent of the tip vortices observed. With increase in wake age up to an \(x/c\) of 5, and freestream velocity of 2 ms\(^{-1}\), the tip vortex developed an asymmetry in the span-wise component of the flow, resulting in a region of accelerated flow within the vortex, located between the free surface and the vortex centre. The intensity of this region varied inversely with submergence and was found to converge upon the maximum intensity of span-wise velocity at the greatest submergence. Prior to ventilation inception at low submergence, the tip vortex was observed to interact with vortices parallel to the wave wake surface.
From these results, a indication of high risk regions may be anticipated for a range of vessel velocities, whereby a rudder hydrofoil or downstream vessel may be affected by the presence of turbulent eddies and vortex structures with high cavity content that may cause control issues.
The bosonic skin effect: boundary condensation in asymmetric transport
Creators: name: Garbe, Louis
name: Minoguchi, Yuri
name: Huber, Julian
name: Rabl, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the incoherent transport of bosonic particles through a one dimensional lattice with different left and right hopping rates, as modelled by the asymmetric simple inclusion process (ASIP). Specifically, we show that as the current passing through this system increases, a transition occurs, which is signified by the appearance of a characteristic zigzag pattern in the stationary density profile near the boundary. In this highly unusual transport phase, the local particle distribution alternates on every site between a thermal distribution and a Bose-condensed state with broken U(1)-symmetry. Furthermore, we show that the onset of this phase is closely related to the so-called non-Hermitian skin effect and coincides with an exceptional point in the spectrum of density fluctuations. Therefore, this effect establishes a direct connection between quantum transport, non-equilibrium condensation phenomena and non-Hermitian topology, which can be probed in cold-atom experiments or in systems with long-lived photonic, polaritonic and plasmonic excitations.
(500461) Edward Smiles
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Assessing the progress of trapped-ion processors towards fault-tolerant quantum computation
Creators: name: Bermudez, A.
name: Xu, X.
name: Nigmatullin, R.
name: O'Gorman, J.
name: Negnevitsky, V.
name: Schindler, P.
name: Monz, T.
name: Poschinger, U. G.
name: Hempel, C.
name: Home, J.
name: Schmidt-Kaler, F.
name: Biercuk, M.
name: Blatt, R.
name: Benjamin, S.
name: Müller, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantitative assessment of the progress of small prototype quantum processors towards fault-tolerant quantum computation is a problem of current interest in experimental and theoretical quantum information science. We introduce a necessary and fair criterion for quantum error correction (QEC), which must be achieved in the development of these quantum processors before their sizes are sufficiently big to consider the well-known QEC threshold. We apply this criterion to benchmark the ongoing effort in implementing QEC with topological color codes using trapped-ion quantum processors and, more importantly, to guide the future hardware developments that shall be required in order to demonstrate beneficial QEC with small topological quantum codes. In doing so, we present a thorough description of a realistic trapped-ion toolbox for QEC, and a physically-motivated error model that goes beyond standard simplifications in the QEC literature. Our large-scale numerical analysis shows that two-species trapped-ion crystals in high-optical aperture segmented traps, with the improvements hereby described, are a very promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computation.
Der Rokokoflügel des kurfürstlichen Palastes in Trier
Creators: name: Zahn, Eberhard
Publisher: name: Trierer Zeitschrift - Archäologie und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete
Year: 2022

description: Trierer Zeitschrift - Archäologie und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete, Bd. 32 (1969): Trierer Zeitschrift : für Geschichte und Kunst des Trierer Landes und seiner Nachbargebiete
Beyond Arabic: Software for Perso-Arabic Script Manipulation
Creators: name: Gutkin, Alexander
name: Johny, Cibu
name: Doctor, Raiomond
name: Roark, Brian
name: Sproat, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; I.7.2; I.7.1

description: This paper presents an open-source software library that provides a set of finite-state transducer (FST) components and corresponding utilities for manipulating the writing systems of languages that use the Perso-Arabic script. The operations include various levels of script normalization, including visual invariance-preserving operations that subsume and go beyond the standard Unicode normalization forms, as well as transformations that modify the visual appearance of characters in accordance with the regional orthographies for eleven contemporary languages from diverse language families. The library also provides simple FST-based romanization and transliteration. We additionally attempt to formalize the typology of Perso-Arabic characters by providing one-to-many mappings from Unicode code points to the languages that use them. While our work focuses on the Arabic script diaspora rather than Arabic itself, this approach could be adopted for any language that uses the Arabic script, thus providing a unified framework for treating a script family used by close to a billion people.
description: Preprint to appear in the Proceedings of the 7th Arabic Natural Language Processing Workshop (WANLP 2022) at EMNLP, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, December 7-11, 2022. 7 pages