cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Estimating State-Contingent Production Functions
Creators: name: Rasmussen, Svend
name: Karantininis, Kostas
name: Rasmussen, Svend
name: Karantininis, Kostas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: maximum entropy
subject: state-contingent
subject: uncertainty
subject: production
subject: Monte Carlo simulation

description: The paper reviews the empirical problem of estimating state-contingent production functions. The major problem is that states of nature may not be registered and/or that the number of observation per state is low. Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate an artificial, uncertain production environment based on Cobb Douglas production functions with state-contingent parameters. The parameters are subsequently estimated based on different sizes of samples using Generalized Least Squares and Generalized Maximum Entropy and the results are compared. It is concluded that Maximum Entropy may be useful, but that further analysis is needed to evaluate the efficiency of this estimation method compared to traditional methods.
Co-operative Bank System: The Spanish Case
Creators: name: Navarro, Amparo Melian
name: Navarro, Amparo Melian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: co-operative bank
subject: credit system
subject: financial groups
subject: rural savings bank
subject: Spain

description: In practically all European countries, co-operative credit societies have evolved towards a system which is comparable to other financial groups. This paper explores the recent evolution of Spanish credit co-operatives and especially rural savings banks. The creation of "Group Caja Rural" in 1989, has meant the greatest commitment to the integration of Spanish credit co-operatives in the face of the challenges of economic globalisation and the great changes in the national and international financial system. The running of this Group is through a vertebrate structure, in co-ordination and representation aspects as well as in operative functions.
Stratonovich-Ito integration scheme in ultrafast spin caloritronics
Creators: name: Chotorlishvili, L.
name: Toklikishvili, Z.
name: Wang, X. -G.
name: Dugaev, V. K.
name: Barnaś, J.
name: Berakdar, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnonic spin Seebeck effect is a key element of spin caloritronic, a field that exploits thermal effects for spintronic applications. Early studies were focused on investigating the steady-state nonequilibrium magnonic spin Seebeck current, and the underlying physics of the magnonic spin Seebeck effect is now relatively well established. However, the initial steps of the formation of the spin Seebeck current are in the scope of recent interest. To address this dynamical aspect theoretically we propose here a new approach to the time-resolved spin Seebeck effect. Our method exploits the supersymmetric theory of stochastics and Ito - Stratonovich integration scheme. We found that in the early step the spin Seebeck current has both nonzero transversal and longitudinal components. As the magnetization dynamics approaches the steady-state, the transversal components decay through dephasing over the dipole-dipole reservoir. The time scale for this process is typically in the sub-nanoseconds pointing thus to the potential of an ultrafast control of the dynamical spin Seebeck during its buildup.
description: to appear in Phys. Rev. B
[Letter from Det Kgl. Norske Videnskabers Selskab]
Creators: name: Det Kgl. Norske Videnskabers Selskab
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1891

description: Your application for a scholarship for alga studies is granted. Kgl. Norske Videnskabers Selskab will permanently employ a second curator from 1/1 1892 at a salary of kr. 2000 per year. If you are interested, please send your application to the Society.
Two Directly Imaged, Wide-orbit Giant Planets around the Young, Solar Analog TYC 8998-760-1
Creators: name: Bohn, Alexander J.
name: Kenworthy, Matthew A.
name: Ginski, Christian
name: Rieder, Steven
name: Mamajek, Eric E.
name: Meshkat, Tiffany
name: Pecaut, Mark J.
name: Reggiani, Maddalena
name: de Boer, Jozua
name: Keller, Christoph U.
name: Snik, Frans
name: Southworth, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even though tens of directly imaged companions have been discovered in the past decades, the number of directly confirmed multiplanet systems is still small. Dynamical analysis of these systems imposes important constraints on formation mechanisms of these wide-orbit companions. As part of the Young Suns Exoplanet Survey (YSES) we report the detection of a second planetary-mass companion around the 17 Myr-old, solar-type star TYC 8998-760-1 that is located in the Lower Centaurus Crux subgroup of the Scorpius-Centaurus association. The companion has a projected physical separation of 320 au and several individual photometric measurements from 1.1 to 3.8 microns constrain a companion mass of $6\pm1\,M_\mathrm{Jup}$, which is equivalent to a mass ratio of $q=0.57\pm0.10\%$ with respect to the primary. With the previously detected $14\pm3\,M_\mathrm{Jup}$ companion that is orbiting the primary at 160 au, TYC 8998-760-1 is the first directly imaged multiplanet system that is detected around a young, solar analog. We show that circular orbits are stable, but that mildly eccentric orbits for either/both components ($e > 0.1$) are chaotic on Gyr timescales, implying in-situ formation or a very specific ejection by an unseen third companion. Due to the wide separations of the companions TYC 8998-760-1 is an excellent system for spectroscopic and photometric follow-up with space-based observatories such as the James Webb Space Telescope.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL (12 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables)
Reviewing model calculations of the Collins fragmentation function
Creators: name: Amrath, Daniela
name: Bacchetta, Alessandro
name: Metz, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Collins fragmentation function describes a left/right asymmetry in the fragmentation of a transversely polarized quark into a hadron in a jet. Four different model calculations of the Collins function have been presented in the literature. While based on the same concepts, they lead to different results and in particular to different signs for the Collins function. The purpose of the present work is to review the features of these models and correct some errors made in previous calculations. A full study of the parameter dependence and the possible modifications to these models is beyond the scope of the paper. However, some general conclusions are drawn.
Quantum Information Processing with Low-Dimensional Systems
Creators: name: Vlasov, Alexander Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A `register' in quantum information processing -- is composition of k quantum systems, `qudits'. The dimensions of Hilbert spaces for one qudit and whole quantum register are d and d^k respectively, but we should have possibility to prepare arbitrary entangled state of these k systems. Preparation and arbitrary transformations of states are possible with universal set of quantum gates and for any d may be suggested such gates acting only on single systems and neighbouring pairs. Here are revisited methods of construction of Hamiltonians for such universal set of gates and as a concrete new example is considered case with qutrits. Quantum tomography is also revisited briefly.
description: Comment: LaTeX, 8 pages
Bayesian model selection and isocurvature perturbations
Creators: name: Beltran, Maria
name: Garcia-Bellido, Juan
name: Lesgourgues, Julien
name: Liddle, Andrew R
name: Slosar, Anze
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Present cosmological data are well explained assuming purely adiabatic perturbations, but an admixture of isocurvature perturbations is also permitted. We use a Bayesian framework to compare the performance of cosmological models including isocurvature modes with the purely adiabatic case; this framework automatically and consistently penalizes models which use more parameters to fit the data. We compute the Bayesian evidence for fits to a dataset comprised of WMAP and other microwave anisotropy data, the galaxy power spectrum from 2dFGRS and SDSS, and Type Ia supernovae luminosity distances. We find that Bayesian model selection favours the purely adiabatic models, but so far only at low significance.
description: 6 pages RevTex file
Characteristics and applications of interplanetary coronal mass ejection composition
Creators: name: Song, Hongqiang
name: Yao, Shuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In situ measurements of interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) composition, including elemental abundances and charge states of heavy ions, open a new avenue to study coronal mass ejections (CMEs) besides remote-sensing observations. The ratios between different elemental abundances can diagnose the plasma origin of CMEs (e.g., from the corona or chromosphere/photosphere) due to the first ionization potential (FIP) effect, which means elements with different FIP get fractionated between the photosphere and corona. The ratios between different charge states of a specific element can provide the electron temperature of CMEs in the corona due to the freeze-in effect, which can be used to investigate their eruption process. In this review, we first give an overview of the ICME composition and then demonstrate their applications in investigating some important subjects related to CMEs, such as the origin of filament plasma and the eruption process of magnetic flux ropes. Finally, we point out several important questions that should be addressed further for better utilizing the ICME composition to study CMEs.
Typification of Dairy Farms According to Criteria of a Socioeconomic Nature: An Illustration in "El Paramo" of Leon (Spain)
Creators: name: Robles, Rita Robles
name: Vannini, Luigi
name: Nistal, Roberto Alvarez
name: Robles, Rita Robles
name: Vannini, Luigi
name: Nistal, Roberto Alvarez
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: farming systems research
subject: Cluster Analysis
subject: dairy farms

description: The impossibility of carrying out an individual analysis and of finding solutions for each agricultural business, makes advisable the use of classification techniques that allow the identification of groups with common characteristics. The aim of this study is clustering dairy farms in an agricultural region located in the north of Spain, known as "El Paramo". To this end, a survey has been carried out on a representative sample of dairy farms, and subsequently, a Cluster Analysis has been made, which has resulted in five groups of farms being clearly defined from a social and economic point of view.
Delivering Seeds of 'Orphan' Crops: The Case Studies of Potato and Groundnut in India
Creators: name: Pal, Suresh
name: Singh, Harbir
name: Mathur, Prasoon
name: Pal, Suresh
name: Singh, Harbir
name: Mathur, Prasoon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Seed system
subject: Seed sources
subject: Seed saving
subject: Seed quality
subject: Supply chain
subject: India

description: This paper examines the performance of the Indian seed system in the context of high volume, low value seed, using the case studies of potato and groundnut. In theory, public sector should be able to address seed needs of farmers growing these crops. However, the ability of the public sector is constrained by a number of institutional and technical factors, and farmers largely depend upon traditional sources of seed. The traditional sources meet more than two-thirds of the total seed demand , and the rest is met by the formal seed system, mainly public seed agencies. Most of the farmers buy fresh seed for quality reasons, and only 12-15 percent farmers purchase seed to change variety. In potato, technological innovation provided options to enhance multiplication rate and improve quality of seed, and therefore attracted the private sector in the production and delivery of seed to farmers. Availability of source seed from public plant breeding programs further encouraged the private sector's participation. However, it is very unlikely that the crops under study will attract private investment in plant breeding because of inadequate incentives even under the new IPR regime. Therefore, public research system should continue to shoulder the responsibility of plant breeding, and develop partnership with the private sector to strengthen decentralized seed activities. Coordination among public seed corporations of different states may help augment seed supply in the deficit regions, and offer greater choice to farmers. Efforts to develop supply chain, especially for premium market, will eventually attract private sector in the product, as well as seed market.
Viability of the Raw Cotton Production in Spain After the Decoupling of the Subsidies
Creators: name: Arriaza Balmón, Manuel
name: Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio
name: Gonzalez, Jose
name: Ruiz, Pedro
name: Arriaza Balmón, Manuel
name: Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio
name: Gonzalez, Jose
name: Ruiz, Pedro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Cotton
subject: Spain
subject: Mid-Term Reform
subject: Simulation
subject: Multi-Criteria Decision Making

description: Considering the latest reform of the EU's Cotton Regulation of 29th April 2004, which will come into force in the 2006/07 season, we analyse its impact on the cotton production sector of Andalusia. The decoupling of subsidies implies that producers will be entitled to 65 percent of the amount received in the reference period (three years) irrespective of the crop chosen to grow. The remaining 35 percent (slightly higher) is paid as cotton are a payment. In this research, first from a survey carried out in 2004 we obtained six groups of producers using fact or analysis and cluster analysis. Then, based on this characterization, we assess the impact of two policy scenarios: (a) the implementation of the reform without any additional measures, and (b) the addition of a complementary environmentally based area payment plus the modulation of the decoupled subsidy up to 50 percent according to raw cotton quality. In the first scenario most producers would reduce the use of inputs to a minimum and leave the raw cotton in the fields. In the second scenario the production of cotton would shift from conventional toward Integrated Production with a reduction of 30% with respect to the current hectarage.
The Effect of Thermal Conduction on the Virgo Cluster
Creators: name: Pope, Edward C. D.
name: Pavlovski, Georgi
name: Kaiser, Christian R.
name: Fangohr, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal conduction has been suggested as a possible mechanism by which sufficient energy is supplied to the central regions of galaxy clusters to balance the effect of radiative cooling. Here we present the results of a simulated, high-resolution, 3-d Virgo cluster for different values of thermal conductivity (1, 1/10, 1/100, 0 times the full Spitzer value). Starting from an initially isothermal cluster atmosphere we allow the cluster to evolve freely over timescales of roughly $ 1.3-4.7 \times 10^{9} $ yrs. Our results show that thermal conductivity at the Spitzer value can increase the central ICM radiative cooling time by a factor of roughly 3.6. In addition, for larger values of thermal conductvity the simulated temperature and density profiles match the observations significantly better than for the lower values. However, no physically meaningful value of thermal conductivity was able to postpone the cooling catastrophe (characterised by a rapid increase in the central density) for longer than a fraction of the Hubble time nor explain the absence of a strong cooling flow in the Virgo cluster today. We also calculate the effective adiabatic index of the cluster gas for both simulation and observational data and compare the values with theoretical expectations. Using this method it appears that the Virgo cluster is being heated in the cluster centre by a mechanism other than thermal conductivity. Based on this and our simulations it is also likely that the thermal conductvity is suppressed by a factor of at least 10 and probably more. Thus, we suggest that thermal conductvity, if present at all, has the effect of slowing down the evolution of the ICM, by radiative cooling, but only by a factor of a few.
description: 19 pages, 20 figures
Gas-phase metallicity gradients of TNG50 star-forming galaxies
Creators: name: Hemler, Z. S.
name: Torrey, Paul
name: Qi, Jia
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Ma, Xiangcheng
name: Kewley, Lisa J.
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Pakmor, Rüdiger
name: Marinacci, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the radial gas-phase, mass-weighted metallicity profiles and gradients of the TNG50 star-forming galaxy population measured at redshifts $z=$ 0--3. We investigate the redshift evolution of gradients and examine relations between gradient steepness and galaxy properties. We find that TNG50 gradients are predominantly negative at all redshifts, although we observe significant diversity among these negative gradients. We determine that the gradient steepness of all galaxies increases approximately monotonically with redshift at a roughly constant rate. This rate does not vary significantly with galaxy mass. We observe a weak negative correlation between gradient steepness and galaxy stellar mass at redshifts $z\leq2$. However, when we normalize gradients by a characteristic radius defined by the galactic star formation distribution, we find that these normalized gradients remain invariant with both stellar mass and redshift. We place our results in the context of previous simulations and show that TNG50 high-redshift gradients are steeper than those of models featuring burstier feedback, which may further highlight high-redshift gradients as important discriminators of galaxy formation models. We also find that redshift $z=0$ and $z=0.5$ TNG50 gradients are consistent with the gradients observed in galaxies at these redshifts, although the preference for flat gradients observed in redshift $z\gtrsim1$ galaxies is not present in TNG50. If future JWST and ELT observations validate these flat gradients, it may indicate a need for simulation models to implement more powerful radial gas mixing within the ISM, possibly via turbulence and/or stronger winds
description: 24 pages, 14 figures, submitted to MNRAS
How Smart Should Farms Be Modeled? Behavioral Foundation of Bidding Strategies in Agent-Based Land Market Models
Creators: name: Kellermann, Konrad
name: Balmann, Alfons
name: Kellermann, Konrad
name: Balmann, Alfons
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: agent-based modeling
subject: genetic algorithms
subject: land markets
subject: behavioral economics

description: Land markets play a crucial role in agricultural structural change. Because the dynamics of structural change and land markets, respectively, mainly depend on the interactions between individual farms, agent-based modeling (ABM) has been established as a tool for understanding and explaining structural change and land market dynamics. This is particularly so because of ABM's ability to capture heterogeneity, non-convexity and dynamics. Unfortunately, the behavioral foundation of economic actors in ABM, i.e., of the farms, is often specified as ad hoc or simply based on "expert knowledge". In this contribution, the highly-detailed ABM AgriPoliS - which uses a myopic normative behavioral foundation - is coupled with a genetic algorithm (GA) to detect market equilibria on a land market. This is done in the dynamic context of the model and its heterogeneous, non-convex production functions. This approach enables the creation of a benchmark with a sound economic foundation for evaluating alternative behavioral patterns. As results illustrate, forming a rational strategy requires bidders that are able to anticipate size effects and their growth potential in a competitive situation. Moreover, the contribution shows that reaching the market equilibrium would imply "aggressive" bidding strategies.
Estimating the Market Effect of a Food Scare: The Case of Genetically Modified StarLink Corn
Creators: name: Carter, Colin A.
name: Smith, Aaron D.
name: Carter, Colin A.
name: Smith, Aaron D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Genetic modification of crops has revolutionized food production, but it remains controversial due to food safety and environmental concerns. A recent food safety scare provides a natural experiment on the corn market's willingness to accept unapproved genetically modified organisms. In 2000, a genetically modified corn variety called StarLink was discovered in the food-corn supply, even though it was not approved for human consumption. To estimate the price impact of this event, we develop the relative price of a substitute method, which applies not only to the StarLink event but also to rare events in other markets. We apply this method to measure the price impact of the StarLink contamination on the U.S. corn market. We find that the contamination led to a 7 percent suppression of corn prices that lasted for at least a year.
Double Transplanting: Economic Assessment of an Indigenous Technology for Submergence Avoidance in the Flood-Prone Rice Environment in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Azad, Md Abdus Samad
name: Hossain, Mahabub
name: Azad, Md Abdus Samad
name: Hossain, Mahabub
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Crop establishment method
subject: Productivity
subject: Profitability
subject: Technical efficiency

description: In the northern part of Bangladesh a large proportion of land is medium and low-lying which are subjected to the risk of flooding from heavy rains during the month of August and September. Consecutive days of heavy rains after the crop establishment causes flash floods leading to death of seedlings and additional costs for re-transplanting. In response to this environmental problem, farmers practice a system of double transplanting of rice, locally known as Bolon to avoid crop failure from submergence. One-month old seedlings are transferred to another field with dense transplanting, and then re-transplanted to the main after the risk of flash flood is over. Scientists argue that the system would have lower yield and higher costs, thereby lower profits compared to single transplanting, but farmers disagree. The purpose of this study was to assess economic performance of the Bolon system compared to the normal transplanting. Primary data were generated from 200 farmers drawn randomly from five sites to test the hypothesis that Bolon is less profitable and technically less efficient method of crop establishment compared to single transplanting. A stochastic frontier production function model was used to measure the difference in technical efficiency of the two systems. Results show although rice cultivation through Bolon involved higher cost particularly for double land preparation and transplanting of seedlings, but rice yield as well as net return was higher compared to single transplanting. The estimate of tech nical efficiency shows the farmers practicing the Bolon system are more efficient.
Virasoro blocks and quasimodular forms
Creators: name: Das, Diptarka
name: Datta, Shouvik
name: Raman, Madhusudhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse Virasoro conformal blocks in the regime of heavy intermediate exchange $(h_p \rightarrow \infty)$. For the 1-point block on the torus and the 4-point block on the sphere, we show that each order in the large-$h_p$ expansion can be written in closed form as polynomials in the Eisenstein series. The appearance of this structure is explained using the fusion kernel and, more markedly, by invoking the modular anomaly equations via the 2d/4d correspondence. We observe that the existence of these constraints allows us to develop a faster algorithm to recursively construct the blocks in this regime. We then apply our results to find corrections to averaged heavy-heavy-light OPE coefficients.
description: 35 pages, 2 figures
Peak energy clustering and efficiency in compact objects
Creators: name: Pe'er, Asaf
name: Mészáros, Peter
name: Rees, Martin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of plasmas containing a low energy thermal photon component at comoving temperature θ\equiv kT'/m_e c^2 \sim 10^{-5} - 10^{-2} interacting with an energetic electron component, characteristic of, e.g., the dissipation phase of relativistic outflows in gamma-ray bursts (GRB's), X-ray flashes, and blazars. We show that, for scattering optical depths larger than a few, balance between Compton and inverse-Compton scattering leads to the accumulation of electrons at values of $γβ~ 0.15 - 0.3$. For optical depths larger than ~ 100, this leads to a peak in the comoving photon spectrum at 1-10 keV, very weakly dependent on the values of the free parameters. In particular, these results are applicable to the internal shock model of GRB, as well as to slow dissipation models, e.g. as might be expected from reconnection, if the dissipation occurs at a sub-photospheric radii. For GRB bulk Lorentz factors ~ 100, this results in observed spectral peaks clustering in the 0.1-1 MeV range, with conversion efficiencies of electron into photon energy in the BATSE range of ~ 30%.
description: Extended explanations about the electron energy balance; Refine figures; Accepted for publication in Ap.J
Nonlinear turbulent dynamo during gravitational collapse
Creators: name: Xu, Siyao
name: Lazarian, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Via amplification by turbulent dynamo, magnetic fields can be potentially important for the formation of the first stars. To examine the dynamo behavior during the gravitational collapse of primordial gas, we extend the theory of nonlinear turbulent dynamo to include the effect of gravitational compression. The relative importance between dynamo and compression varies during contraction, with the transition from dynamo- to compression-dominated amplification of magnetic fields with the increase of density. In the nonlinear stage of magnetic field amplification with the scale-by-scale energy equipartition between turbulence and magnetic fields, reconnection diffusion of magnetic fields in ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence becomes important. It causes the violation of flux-freezing condition and accounts for (a) the small growth rate of nonlinear dynamo, (b) the weak dependence of magnetic energy on density during contraction, (c) the saturated magnetic energy, and (d) the large correlation length of magnetic fields. The resulting magnetic field structure and the scaling of magnetic field strength with density are radically different from the expectations of flux-freezing.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The stationary phase condition applicability to the study of tunnel effect
Creators: name: Bernardini, Alex E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some recent theoretical studies have tended to employ analytically-continuous {\em gaussian}, or infinite-bandwidth step pulses to examine tunneling process. The stationary phase method is often employed to this aim. However, {\em gaussian} functions do not have a well-defined front, such that their speed of propagation becomes ambiguous. Also, infinite bandwidth signals cannot propagate through any real physical medium (whose transfer function is therefore finite) without pulse distortion, which also leads to ambiguities in determining propagation velocity during the tunneling process. In this manuscript, we appoint some incompatibilities with the application of the method of stationary phase in deriving tunneling times which, eventually, can ruin the {\em superluminal} interpretation of transition times.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Nationalism as resistance to economic globalization and as a vehicle for development in the Republic of Georgia
Creators: name: Hernandez, Andreas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis explores nationalism in the Republic of Georgia in the context of the worldwide emergence of diverse coalitions of movements coming together to work towards social goals and to counter the excesses of economic globalization. The common contemporary notion that nationalism is a reactionary force is challenged. Through interviews and a survey, nationalism in Georgia is examined as a form of resistance to economic globalization and as a movement actively working in a non-violent manner towards political, cultural and social welfare goals. The mechanisms by which neoliberalism came to Georgia without popular will or consent are also analyzed. Accompanying this is an examination of the effects of the coming of neoliberalism to Georgian social welfare. Of particular importance throughout this work is the intimate relationship between the social, cultural and political spheres in Georgia. The implications of the Georgian situation for the global network of grassroots movements, global social welfare and to the profession of social work are examined. Nationalism in Georgia is identified as a potential powerful ally in the global grassroots movement working against the excesses of economic globalization and for social, cultural and political justice. It is concluded that social work must, in the new context of globalization, work internationally and supranationally with the global network of movements, as the former terrain of contest for social welfare, the nation-state, is in decline.
$(g-2)$ anomalies and neutrino mass
Creators: name: Arbeláez, Carolina
name: Cepedello, Ricardo
name: Fonseca, Renato M.
name: Hirsch, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the experimentally observed deviations from standard model predictions, we calculate the anomalous magnetic moments $a_α= (g-2)_α$ for $α=e,μ$ in a neutrino mass model originally proposed by Babu-Nandi-Tavartkiladze (BNT). We discuss two variants of the model, the original model plus a minimally extended version with an additional hypercharge zero triplet scalar. While the original BNT model can explain $a_μ$, only the variant with the triplet scalar can explain both experimental anomalies. The heavy fermions of the model can be produced at the high-luminosity LHC and in the part of parameter space, where the model explains the experimental anomalies, it predicts certain specific decay patterns for the exotic fermions.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures
The Space Interferometry Mission Astrometric Grid Giant-Star Survey. I. Stellar Parameters and Radial Velocity Variability
Creators: name: Bizyaev, Dmitry
name: Smith, Verne V.
name: Arenas, Jose
name: Geisler, Doug
name: Majewski, Steven R.
name: Patterson, Richard J.
name: Cunha, Katia
name: Del Pardo, Cecilia
name: Suntzeff, Nicholas B.
name: Gieren, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a campaign of multiple epoch echelle spectroscopy of relatively faint (V = 9.5-13.5 mag) red giants observed as potential astrometric grid stars for the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM PlanetQuest). Data are analyzed for 775 stars selected from the Grid Giant Star Survey spanning a wide range of effective temperatures (Teff), gravities and metallicities. The spectra are used to determine these stellar parameters and to monitor radial velocity (RV) variability at the 100 m/s level. The degree of RV variation measured for 489 stars observed two or more times is explored as a function of the inferred stellar parameters. The percentage of radial velocity unstable stars is found to be very high -- about 2/3 of our sample. It is found that the fraction of RV-stable red giants (at the 100 m/s level) is higher among stars with Teff \sim 4500 K, corresponding to the calibration-independent range of infrared colors 0.59 < (J-K_s)_0 < 0.73. A higher percentage of RV-stable stars is found if the additional constraints of surface gravity and metallicity ranges 2.3< log g < 3.2 and -0.5 < [Fe/H] < -0.1, respectively, are applied. Selection of stars based on only photometric values of effective temperature (4300 K < Teff < 4700 K) is a simple and effective way to increase the fraction of RV-stable stars. The optimal selection of RV-stable stars, especially in the case when the Washington photometry is unavailable, can rely effectively on 2MASS colors constraint 0.59 < (J-K_s)_0 < 0.73. These results have important ramifications for the use of giant stars as astrometric references for the SIM PlanetQuest.
description: Astronomical Journal, in press, 22 pages, 11 Postscript figures, uses aastex.cls
An overdensity of galaxies at z=5.9 +/-0.2 in the Ultra Deep Field confirmed using the ACS grism
Creators: name: Malhotra, S.
name: Rhoads, J. E.
name: Pirzkal, N.
name: Haiman, Z.
name: Xu, C.
name: Daddi, E.
name: Yan, H.
name: Bergeron, L. E.
name: Wang, J.
name: Ferguson, H. A.
name: Koekemoer, A.
name: Moustakas, L. A.
name: Panagia, N.
name: Stiavelli, M.
name: Walsh, J.
name: Windhorst, R. A.
name: Pasquali, A.
name: Gronwall, C.
name: Kuemmel, M.
name: Alighieri, S. di Serego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present grism spectra taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys to identify 29 red sources with (i'-z') > 0.9 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF). Of these 23 are found to be galaxies at redshifts between z=5.4 and 6.7, identified by the break at 1216 angstrom due to IGM absorption; two are late type dwarf stars with red colors; and four are galaxies with colors and spectral shape similar to dust reddened or old galaxies at redshifts z~1-2. This constitutes the largest uniform, flux-limited sample of spectroscopically confirmed galaxies at such faint fluxes z'<27.5. Many are also among the most distant spectroscopically confirmed galaxies (at redshifts up to z=6.7). We find a significant overdensity of galaxies at redshifts z=5.9 +/- 0.2. Nearly two thirds of the galaxies in our sample (15/23) belong to this peak. Taking into account the selection function and the redshift sensitivity of the survey, we get a conservative overdensity of at least a factor of two along the line-of-sight. The galaxies found in this redshift peak are also localized in the plane of the sky in a non-random manner, occupying about half of the ACS chip. Thus the volume overdensity is a factor of four. The star-formation rate derived from detected sources in this overdense region is sufficient to reionize the local IGM.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Minor changes to text and figures 1 and 4
MEDIACIÓN DE CONFLICTOS ESCOLARES. ESTUDIO DE CASO EN EL CENTRO DE PROMOCIÓN ESCOLAR (CPE), RANCHO VIEJO, MÉXICO.pdf
Creators: name: Figueroa, Adelso Nikolai Malavé
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Education
subject: 130199 Education systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130106 Secondary Education
subject: Sociology

description: El artículo sintetiza una investigación que tuvo por objetivo perfilar los requisitos preliminares o de arranque para el diseño de un programa de resolución pacífica de conflictos escolares, en la población de Rancho Viejo, estado de Guerrero, México. Este fin se soportó en la revisión de literatura sobre la las características básicas de la población mencionada, sus estilos para el tratamiento de conflictos y la mediación intercultural. El estudio presenta un tipo descriptivo y un diseño de campo no-experimental, con corte longitudinal sobre una muestra aleatoria simple de 173 casos de conflictos, cuyos relatos se analizaron mediante el método fenomenológico hermenéutico. Fue aplicada una encuesta con buen registro de confiabilidad (α = 0,92; p < 0,05) en el tratamiento de un caso de conflicto escolar con la técnica de mediación intercultural. Se concluye, en primer lugar, que la mayor proporción de conflictos en la convivencia escolar se vinculan con el maltrato entre iguales por rivalidades entre estudiantes locales y foráneos y, en segundo lugar, que el ejercicio de mediación intercultural rindió excelentes frutos en la resolución pacífica del conflicto escolar seleccionado con propósitos exploratorios para un programa de gestión. / The article summarizes an investigation that aimed to outline the preliminary or starting requirements for the design of a program for the peaceful resolution of school conflicts, in the population of Rancho Viejo, Guerrero state, Mexico. This purpose was supported in the review of literature on the basic characteristics of the population mentioned, their styles for conflict management and intercultural mediation. The study presents a descriptive type and a non-experimental field design, with longitudinal section on a simple random sample of 173 cases of conflicts, whose stories were analyzed using the hermeneutical phenomenological method. A survey with a good record of reliability (α=0.92; p<0.05) was applied in the treatment of a case of school conflict with the intercultural mediation technique. It is concluded, first, that the highest proportion of conflicts in school life are linked to peer abuse due to rivalries between local and foreign students and, secondly, that the intercultural mediation exercise yielded excellent results in the peaceful resolution of the selected school conflict for exploratory purposes for a management program.
A New Technique for Probing Convection in Pulsating White Dwarf Stars
Creators: name: Montgomery, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we demonstrate how pulsating white dwarfs can be used as an astrophysical laboratory for empirically constraining convection in these stars. We do this using a technique for fitting observed non-sinusoidal light curves, which allows us to recover the thermal response timescale of the convection zone (its "depth") as well as how this timescale changes as a function of effective temperature. We also obtain constraints on mode identifications for the pulsation modes, allowing us to use asteroseismology to study the interior structure of these stars. Aspects of this approach may have relevance for other classes of pulsators, including the Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the ApJ
Far-Infrared Photometric Redshifts: A New Approach to a Highly Uncertain Enterprise
Creators: name: Casey, Caitlin M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a new approach at deriving far-infrared photometric redshifts for galaxies based on their reprocessed emission from dust at rest-frame far-infrared through millimeter wavelengths. Far-infrared photometric redshifts ("FIR-$z$") have been used over the past decade to derive redshift constraints for highly obscured galaxies that lack photometry at other wavelengths like the optical/near-infrared. Most literature FIR-z fits are performed through $χ^2$minimization to a single galaxy's far-infrared template spectral energy distribution (SED). The use of a single galaxy template, or modest set of templates, can lead to an artificially low uncertainty estimate on FIR-$z$'s because real galaxies display a wide range in intrinsic dust SEDs. I use the observed distribution of galaxy SEDs (for well-constrained samples across $05$. The MMpz algorithm has a precision of $σ_{Δz/(1+z)}\approx0.3-0.4$, similar to single-template fits, while providing a more accurate estimate of the FIR-$z$ uncertainty with reduced chi-squared of order $\mathcal{O}(χ^2_ν)=1$, compared to alternative far-infrared photometric redshift techniques (with $\mathcal{O}(χ^2_ν)\approx10-10^{3}$).
description: 12 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ. For associated code, see http://www.as.utexas.edu/~cmcasey/mmpz.html
Toward the theory of strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma
Creators: name: Shuryak, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent progress toward understanding of sQGP. The phenomenological part includes discussion of elliptic and conical flows at RHIC. Then we proceed to first quantum mechanical studies of manybody states at $T>Tc$, the ``polymeric chains'' $\bar q.g.g... q$ and baryons. A new model for sQGP is a classical dynamical system, in which color vector is changed via the Wong equation. First Molecular Dynamics (MD) results for its diffusion and viscosity are reported. Finally we speculate how strong correlations in matter may help solve puzzles related to jet quenching, both the magnitude and angular distribution.
description: A plenary talk at Quark Matter 05, Budabest, Aug.2005
Quantum walks on directed graphs
Creators: name: Montanaro, Ashley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the definition of quantum walks on directed graphs. Call a directed graph reversible if, for each pair of vertices (i, j), if i is connected to j then there is a path from j to i. We show that reversibility is a necessary and sufficient condition for a directed graph to allow the notion of a discrete-time quantum walk, and discuss some implications of this condition. We present a method for defining a "partially quantum" walk on directed graphs that are not reversible.
description: 10 pages, some xypic figures
Race and nation building : a comparison of Canadian Métis and Mexican Mestizos
Creators: name: Hill, Samantha
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis compares the political positioning of Canadian Metis and Mexican mestizos. The central objective is to determine how the identities of these two groups have been affected by their countries' efforts to establish national identities. The initial assumption is that nationalizing projects, by nature, incorporate some groups, while marginalizing others. The body of the paper contains two chapters, with one chapter devoted to tracing the historical development of each group. The Metis, presented in chapter two, exhibit group cohesiveness during the 1800s and, in fact, begin to consider themselves part of a separate nation as early as 1816. However, after the 1885 Rebellion, the group becomes disenfranchised by Canadian expansionists. They join the ranks of non-status Indians, whose similar plights have meant their coordination ever since. The expansion of the group's associations has been problematic since their 1982 mention in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as establishing their privileges requires their agreeing on a definition of themselves. The mestizos, on the other hand, do not demonstrate the degree of cohesiveness that the Metis do. They are primarily identified by race and status, with no common history or political figures to bind them. In the 1920s, however, the group was used by the federal government to bridge the differences between European and indigenous peoples. As a result of this effort, the mestizo has become the personification of the national ideal, for a mestizo is neither European nor Indian, but Mexican. This has served to marginalize indigenous populations, many of whom consider the "cult of mestizo" the new form of colonialism in Mexico.
Assembly Conformity of Structure Growth: Fossil versus Normal Groups of Galaxies
Creators: name: Li, Zack
name: Cen, Renyue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a semi-analytic method calibrated to the global star formation history and the stellar mass function at $z=0$, we attempt to understand the most stellar deficient galaxy groups. We argue such groups are a kind of fossil group (FGs) -- in comparison to the normal groups of galaxies, they assemble both halo and stellar mass earlier. We find there is a central galaxy and satellite conformity between these FGs and normal groups: centrals and satellites in the former form earlier and more stellar deficient than their counterparts of the latter. We term this effect "Assembly Conformity" of dark matter halos. This effect accounts for about 70 percent of the difference in stellar content between FGs and normal groups. When split by the peak redshift for the star formation rate of a group, the mass functions of satellite halos on either side of the peak redshift are found to be indistinguishable between FGs and normal groups, indicating a self-similarity of halo assembly with respect to the peak. The "baryonic environmental" effect due to ram-pressure and gas heating accounts for about 30 percent of the difference in stellar content. While the total stellar mass of FGs is lower than that of normal groups, we predict that the mass of the brightest central galaxy of FGs is, on average, higher than that of normal groups. We also predict that in the central galaxies of FGs, there is a negative stellar age gradient from the center outward, where the opposite is expected for those in normal groups.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures