Rhaucus quinquelineatus Simon 1879
Creators: name: García, Andrés F.
name: Kury, Adriano B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Opiliones
Cosmetidae
Rhaucus
Rhaucus quinquelineatus

description: Rhaucus quinquelineatus Simon 1879 comb. rest.
(Figs 1d, 6–8, 20a, 22)
Rhaucus quinquelineatus Simon, 1879: 215.
Flirtea quinquelineata: Roewer, 1912a: 76; Roewer, 1923: 346, fig. 393; Mello-Leitão, 1923: 112; Roewer, 1927: 594; Mello- Leitão, 1932: 79, fig. 47; B. Soares, 1945: 343; Roewer, 1963: 58; Flórez & Sánchez, 1995: 368; Kury, 2003: 63.
Rhaucus (Rhaucus) quinquelineatus: Sørensen in Henriksen, 1932: 358.
Metarhaucus albilineatus Roewer, 1912a: 147, pl. 7, figs 5–6; Flórez & Sánchez, 1995: 368. Synonymy established by Roewer, 1912b.
Pararhaucus obscurus Pickard-Cambridge, 1905: 572; Roewer, 1912a: 102; Roewer, 1923: 378. New synonymy.
Paecilaema obscurum: Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953: 54 [by implication].
Rhaucus (Rhaucus) muticus Sørensen, 1932: 360. New synonymy.
Flirtea mutica: Mello-Leitão, 1933: 110 [by implication].
Rhaucus (Rhaucus) tristis Sørensen, 1932: 363, fig. 26. New synonymy.
Flirtea tristis: Mello-Leitão 1933: 110 [by implication].
Type material. Types of Rhaucus quinquelineatus: ♂♀ syntypes, MNHN, examined by photograph. Holotype of Metarhaucus albilineatus, MHNN, lost. Holotype ♂ of Pararhaucus obscurus, BMNH, examined. Holotype ♀ of Rhaucus muticus, NHMW 1873.I. 31.28 (currently 3078), examined by photograph. Types of Rhaucus tristis, 3♀ syntypes, ZMUC, BMNH, examined by photograph.
Distribution and habitat. COLOMBIA, Boyacá Department: Villa de Leyva. Cundinamarca Department: Bogotá, Guasca, La Calera, Zipaquirá. Between 2700 and 3200 m a.s.l., especially in Northern Andean páramo and Cordillera Oriental montane forests ecoregions (Figs 22, 24a–b).
Diagnosis. A pair of acuminate tubercles in area III, tilted backwards (Figs 6c–e, contrasting with all other species of Rhaucus). Differs from R. florezi sp. nov. by the weakly developed tuberculation of legs III–IV (Figs7d– e).
Redescription. Male (ICN-AO-465)
Measurements: CL=2.2, CW=3, AL=3, AW=4, BaCh=0.7, FeL III=4.6, FeL IV=6, TiL III=3, TiL IV=4. Intraspecific variation of body and appendages measurements in Table 1.
Dorsum (Figs 1d, 6a, 6c–e, 7a–b, 18b): Dorsal scutum alpha type, granulate (Figs 6a, 7a), with five yellow transverse irregular lines that vary in length and shape, and a reticulate pattern on each side of ocularium (Figs 6a, 7a, 18b). Abdominal scutum widest at level of groove II; areas I–IV granulate. Carapace without conspicuous ornamentation on the anterolateral region (Figs 6a, 7a). Ocularium low without median depression, armed with a cluster of granules (Figs 6a, 6c–e, 7a). Lateral margins of DS with a few granules on the medial region (Figs 7a–b). Mesotergum faintly delimited, divided into four areas: area I with a pair of medium-sized paramedian tubercles; area II with a pair of small paramedian tubercles; area III with a pair of paramedian, conical, acuminate tubercles pointing backwards; area IV with a pair of small paramedian tubercles (Fig. 7a). Posterior border of scutum curved and with a row of tubercles. Free tergites I–III with a row of granules (Figs 6a, 7a–b).
Venter (Fig. 6b): Stigmatic area with a few granules. Stigmata large, oval and transverse. Coxa I with two parallel rows of tubercles increasing size distally and with an anterior smooth space for the pedipalp to rest; coxa II longer than coxa I, granulate; coxa III longer than I and II, granulate, with posterior margin sigmoid; coxa IV strongly backward, granulate. Genital operculum finely granulate.
Pedipalps (Figs 8a–c): Coxa dorsally and ventrally with one meso-distal granule. Trochanter with one dorsal short tubercle and two ventral tubercles fused at base (mesal taller); femur compressed, dorsally with a row of aligned triangular setiferous tubercles of different sizes –not reaching the distal portion– and ventrally the same (the three most-basal tubercles fused, the fourth and the sixth tubercles smaller than the others, and the two mostdistal tubercles very small). Patella distally depressed with dorsal granules; tibia depressed, spoon-shaped, dorsally granulate, with lateral borders tuberculate and some setiferous tubercles at distal portion (Figs 8a–b). Tarsus long, conical, with some dorsal granules and ventrally with two rows of thickened setae (Fig. 8c).
Chelicera (Figs 6a–b, 8d–e): Chelicera swollen. Basichelicerite rectangular, with a few granules, the proximal border with two ectal tubercles and two small dorsal granules, the ectal face with two sub-distal joined tubercles, and the mesal face with one large distal tubercle (Figs 6a, 8d). Hand with one tubercle near the joint of the movable finger. Fixed finger with the inner surface finely grooved. Movable finger with one conical, sub-basal tooth and with the inner surface at distal portion dentate (Fig. 8e).
Legs (Figs 6a–b, 7d–e): Coxae I–II dorsally with one posterior process (Figs 6a–b); coxa III with one proximal retrolateral tubercle; coxa IV coarsely granulate (Figs 6b, 7a), with a prominent anterolateral clavi inguines and with a posterolateral multicapitate apophysis (Fig. 6c). Trochanter I–II dorsally with some minute granules and ventrally with some tubercles; trochanter III with some dorsal tubercles and one proximal prolateral tubercle, ventrally with a few granules; trochanter IV with a few dorsal tubercles and one small ventral prolateral tubercle (Figs 7d–e). Femora I–IV slightly sigmoid, granulated; III–IV ventrally with two longitudinal sub-straight rows of tubercles all along its length, increasing in size distally, and one prolateral and one retrolateral row of tubercles (dorsally just the two last ones evident, the last one curved, thinner and with irregular tip) (Figs 7d–e). Patellae I– IV dorsally granulate, curved. Tibiae I–IV granulate; tibiae III–IV sub-straight, with two longitudinal rows of tubercles all along its length (in tibia III the two distal tubercles are close together and the last one are larger and bicapitate) (Fig. 7d), tibia IV the same, but the distal tubercle separated from the others, larger and bicapitate (Fig. 7e). Metatarsus I–IV with one ventrodistal seta. Tarsi I–II with one smooth claw; tarsi III–IV with 2 subparallel smooth claws and a tarsal process (Fig. 7c). Tarsal counts: 6(3)–6(3)/19(3)–19(3)/8–8/9–10. Intraspecific variations in Table 2.
Color (in ethanol): Carapace Strong Reddish Brown (40), reticulated in the ocularium. Areas I–IV Dark Reddish Brown (44). Blots in carapace Brilliant Greenish Yellow (98). Pedipalps, coxae I–IV, free tergites and chelicera Strong Reddish Brown (40). Trochanters I–IV and legs I–III Strong Yellowish Brown (74). Legs IV Strong Reddish Brown (40).
Male genitalia (Fig. 8f–h): VP of penis subrectangular with concave distal border; VP with two lateral, elongated, dense patches of type 4 microsetae, slightly separated in the median longitudinal field, where type 1 microsetae appear (Fig. 8h). VP with two apical MS C curved and laterally inserted; two MS D, the most distal large and straight following the same lateral row as MS C and the other (D2) smaller, inserted dorso-laterally on the middle third of VP; two MS A straight and laterally inserted, near D2 (Fig. 8g); two small MS E volcano-shaped on the ventral face; one small MS B volcano-shaped inserted laterally at the base of the VP (Fig. 8h). Glans mostly smooth; stylus long falciform, papillae-like wattle barbels, spoon-shaped process (Fig. 8f). Remarks. Fig. 8h shows both MS B located inside symmetrical elliptical pits, which, however, are not present in all individuals examined.
Female. Similar to male, but differs by having anterior part of carapace narrower and coda divergent; tubercles of areas I–III shorter; ocularium lower; legs III–IV and associated rows of thinner tubercles; chelicerae not hyperthelic (Figs 6d–e).
Other material examined. 57 specimens (19 males, 38 females) in 13 lots. COLOMBIA: Boyacá Department: Villa de Leyva, 6♂ 2♀ 1 juv. (MNRJ 19384), S.F.F. Iguaque [05°42'6.3''N 73°27'22.4''W], 2941 m, A. García & A.B. Kury leg. Cundinamarca Department: Guasca, 1♂ (ICN-AO-68) [4°50'52.76''N 73°52'4.69''W], 2750 m; 1♀ (ICN-AO-1102), Reserva Biológica El Encenillo [4°47'N 73°54'W], 3050 m, 16.ix.2012, C. Suárez, A. Herrera, E. Henao, E. Ariza & C. Villalva leg.; 3♀ (ICN-AO-1385), Reserva Biológica El Encenillo [4°50'N 73°53'W], 8–10.xii.2012, A. Herrera, C. Suarez & E. Ariza leg.; Bogotá, 1♀ (ICN-AO-134), Páramo Cruz Verde [4°34'N 74°1'W], 21.ii.2010, D. Luna leg.; 1♂ 1♀ (ICN-AO-160), same loc., 3200 m, xi.1996, O. Sanchez leg.; 4♂ 2♀ (ICN-AO-1026), same loc., v.2010, E. Florez & C. Mattoni leg; 5♂ 1♀ (ICN-AO-1038), vía a la Vírgen de la Peña [4°34'N 74°3'W], 2700 m, 12.v.2012, M. Medrano & A. García leg.; 2♂ 10♀ (ICN-AO-418), Usme, Parque Entrenubes, Cerro Juan Rey [4°31'N 74°5'W], 2700 m, 23–25.v.2003, L. Benavides leg.; 4♂ 16♀ (ICN-AO-465), Usme, Vereda Corinto, Cerro Redondo, Paramo Parada del Viento [4°25'N 74°7'W], 3100 m, 17.v. 2008, I. Morales leg.; La Calera, 1♀ (ICN-AO-876), E.A.A.B. Club La Aguadora - Embalse de San Rafael [4°42'N 74°0'W], 2700 m, ix.2000, P. Barriga & D. Tobar leg.; 1♂ (ICN-AO-216), Via a Mundo Nuevo [4°38'N 73°54'W], 2850 m, 17.x.2000, E. Flórez leg.; Zipaquirá, 1♂ 1♀ (ICN-AO-1198), Vereda Ventalarga, Represa Pantanoredondo [05°2'N 74°2'W], 3000 m, 27.iv.2003, E. Flórez & UN biology students leg.
description: Published as part of García, Andrés F. & Kury, Adriano B., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the Andean harvestman genus Rhaucus Simon, 1879 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cosmetidae), pp. 401-440 in Zootaxa 4338 (3) on pages 413-417, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1036862