Additional file 1 of Enhanced osseointegration of dental implants with reduced graphene oxide coating
Creators: name: Shin, Yong Cheol
name: Bae, Ji-Hyeon
name: Lee, Jong Ho
name: Raja, Iruthayapandi Selestin
name: Kang, Moon Sung
name: Kim, Bongju
name: Hong, Suck Won
name: Huh, Jung-Bo
name: Han, Dong-Wook
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Optimization of rGO coating on SLA Ti (ST) surface (10-1000 μg/mL). Surface properties and cellular behaviors of hMSCs on the R-ST discs were investigated. Data are expressed with mean ± SD (p &lt; 0.05a, p &lt; 0.01b, and p &lt; 0.001c, n = 6). Table S2. qRT-PCR primer sequences for RUNX2, OCN, OPN, Vinculin, and β-actin. Fig. S1. Microscopic and contact angle analyses of R-ST surfaces coated with 10 and 1000 μg/mL of rGO. 3D AFM images of R-ST surfaces coated with (A) 10 and (B) 1000 μg/mL of rGO. Water contact angles (θ) of R-ST surfaces coated with (C) 10 and (D) 1000 μg/mL of rGO. Fig. S2. (A) FL intensity and (B) immunofluorescence staining of rhBMP-2 immobilized on ST surface (red FL from TRITC). Fig. S3. Spectral analysis of ST and R-ST surfaces coated with a range of rGO concentrations (10, 100, and 1000 μg/mL). (A) Raman and (B) FTIR spectra of ST and R-ST discs. Fig. S4. Quantification of the surface protein adsorption on the ST, BI-ST, and R-ST discs. Protein concentrations were determined by the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay after incubation with (A) Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), (B) MSC basal media (without any supplements or FBS), and (C) complete media (with supplements and 10% FBS) for 24 h at 37°C. (D) Immunofluorescence images (green FL from FITC) of adsorbed proteins on the surface of each disc after incubation with (A). The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 6). An asterisk (*) denotes a statistically significant difference compared to the control (ST), p &lt; 0.05. Fig. S5. (A) Clinical photographs depicting the flattening of alveolar bone, (B) trimming alveolar ridge into a flat ridge and making drilled holes for the implant placement and (C) implants inserted into the alveolar ridge by surgical procedures. The micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) images of mesiodistal section of all the implant sites were reconstructed. (D) The region of interest (ROI, shown in blue shade) with implant contact site displayed with a width of 1.0 mm and height of 4.0 mm. (E) 3D reconstructed μ-CT image of occlusal section of the implant site (left) and ROI around the implant (right). Fig. S6. (A) Histological specimen of ST implant (control). (B) A magnified view of the upper three threads of a region of interest (ROI), from which histomorphometric parameters such as intra-thread bone density (ITBD) area and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) length were measured (A symbol, ‘I’ represents an implant fixture.). (C) ITBD area shown with yellow shade. (D) The boundary line (red) has been drawn over the implant surface. The dotted line indicates the place of implant contact with the regenerated bone tissue (BIC) whereas the solid line implies the void left. (E) The biological components involved in the bone tissue regeneration process are indicated as follows: solid arrow (void); dashed arrow (osteoid); new bone (*).