cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Where are the massive stars of the bar of NGC 1530 forming?
Creators: name: Zurita, A.
name: Perez, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: NGC 1530 has one of the strongest bars ever observed and recent star formation sites are distributed across its bar. Our aim is to study the photometric properties of the bar and its HII regions, to elucidate the conditions under which HII regions form and their spatial relation to the principal dynamical features of the bar. Methods: We obtained BVRKs and Halpha photometry of the HII regions of the bar in NGC 1530. Broad-band integrated colours and Halpha equivalent widths were carefully measured and analysed as a function of position with respect to the main dust-lanes of the bar. Results: We measured differences in the Halpha equivalent widths of the HII regions that are located in the trailing and leading sides of the bar dust-lane. The possible factors that could produce this difference, such as [NII] contamination, Lyman-continuum-photon dust-extinction, escape of ionizing radiation, metallicity, IMF and age, were carefully analysed. Age differences were confirmed to be the most plausible explanation. This implies that HII regions that are located further away from the bar dust-lane in its leading side, downstream from the main bar dust-lane, are older than the rest by ~1.5-2.5 Myr. In addition, a clear spatial correlation has been found between: location of HII regions, dust spurs on the trailing side of the bar dust-lane, and the loci of maximum velocity gradients parallel to the bar major axis (possibly tracing gas flow towards the main bar dust-lane). These results support the hypothesis that massive stars are forming on the trailing side of the bar dust-lane, and age as they cross the bar, on a timescale that is compatible with the bar dynamics timescale.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 17 pages. 11 figures. Full resolution version available here: http://www.ugr.es/~azurita/investigacion/papers/zurita_perez_08.ps.gz
I catechismi laici nella Repubblica napoletana del 1799: un ‹‹multiforme apparato educativo››
Creators: name: Capobianco, Rosaria
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: Durante la Repubblica Napoletana del 1799 furono stampati a Napoli quattro catechismi laici, questi erano uno strumento per la propaganda delle idee repubblicane, elaborati con lo scopo di orientare le masse verso il nuovo regime, in modo da poter avere il più ampio consenso possibile.. Unendo insieme la sintesi dei principi politici e della ideologia rivoluzionaria, e la figura del buon repubblicano, il catechismo era il testo popolare da utilizzare non solo come manuale elementare per le scuole, ma anche nelle varie assemblee di base e presso le masse analfabete per compiere una prima alfabetizzazione. L’intreccio tra scrittura e oralità permetteva di raggiungere non solo coloro che erano in grado di leggere gli opuscoli “istruttivi”, ma anche, e soprattutto, essendo la maggior parte della popolazione, gli analfabeti che per canali diversi da quelli della lettura diretta, potevano assaporare questi principi.
Using Tau Polarization to probe the Stau Co-annihilation Region of mSUGRA Model at LHC
Creators: name: Godbole, R. M.
name: Guchait, Monoranjan
name: Roy, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mSUGRA model predicts the polarization of the tau coming from the stau to bino decay in the co-annihilation region to be +1. This can be exploited to extract this soft tau signal at LHC and also to measure the tiny mass differences between the stau and the bino LSP. Moreover this strategy will be applicable for a wider class of bino LSP models, where the lighter stau has a right component at least of similar size as the left.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, comments and 1 reference added, figures 2 and 3 corrected, typos fixed, version to be appear in PRD
Quasistatic kinetic avalanches and self-organized criticality in deviatorically loaded granular media
Creators: name: Baró, Jordi
name: Pouragha, Mehdi
name: Wan, Richard
name: Davidsen, Jörn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behavior of granular media under quasi-static loading has recently been shown to attain a stable evolution state corresponding to a manifold in the space of micromechanical variables. This state is characterized by sudden transitions between metastable jammed states, involving the partial micromechanical rearrangement of the granular medium. Using numerical simulations of two-dimensional granular media under quasistatic biaxial compression, we show that the dynamics in the stable evolution state is characterized by scale-free avalanches well before the macromechanical stationary flow regime traditionally linked to a self-organized critical state. This, together with the non-uniqueness and the non-monotony of macroscopic deformation curves, suggests that the statistical avalanche properties and the susceptibilities of the system cannot be reduced to a function of the macromechanical state. The associated scaling exponents are non-universal and depend on the interactions between particles. For stiffer particles (or samples at low confining pressure) we find distributions of avalanche properties compatible with the predictions of mean-field theory. The scaling exponents decrease below the mean-field values for softer interactions between particles. These lower exponents are consistent with observations for amorphous solids at their critical point. We specifically discuss the relationship between microscopic and macroscopic variables, including the relation between the external stress drop and the internal potential energy released during kinetic avalanches.
An HST/STIS View of Protoplanetary Disks in Upper Scorpius: Observations of Three Young M-Stars
Creators: name: Walker, Samuel
name: Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell
name: Ren, Bin
name: Kalas, Paul
name: Carpenter, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of three protoplanetary disks in visible scattered light around M-type stars in the Upper Scorpius OB association using the STIS instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope. The disks around stars 2MASS J16090075-1908526, 2MASS J16142029-1906481 and 2MASS J16123916-1859284 have all been previously detected with ALMA, and 2MASS J16123916-1859284 has never previously been imaged at scattered light wavelengths. We process our images using Reference Differential Imaging, comparing and contrasting three reduction techniques - classical subtraction, Karhunen-Loeve Image Projection and Non-Negative Matrix Factorisation, selecting the classical method as the most reliable of the three for our observations. Of the three disks, two are tentatively detected (2MASS J16142029-1906481 and 2MASS J16123916-1859284), with the third going undetected. Our two detections are shown to be consistent when varying the reference star or reduction method used, and both detections exhibit structure out to projected distances of > 200 au. Structures at these distances from the host star have never been previously detected at any wavelength for either disk, illustrating the utility of visible-wavelength observations in probing the distribution of small dust grains at large angular separations.
description: Accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
A novel mechanism of inactivation of cycline-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 in thyroid cancer: cytoplasmic delocalization induced by the protein kinase Akt
Creators: name: Motti, Maria Letizia
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: Esistono considerevoli evidenze a proposito del fatto che l’inattivazione dell’inibitore delle chinasi ciclino-dipendenti p27 rappresenti un evento fondamentale nello sviluppo dei tumori umani. L’inattivazione di p27 nei tumori umani avviene sia mediante la perdita di espressione sia mediante sequestro citoplasmatico della proteina. Il lavoro da me svolto durante la tesi di dottorato ha contribuito ad una migliore comprensione delle alterazioni della funzione di  p27 nel cancro della tiroide  (e della mammella) ed all’identificazione dei diversi meccanismi che contribuiscono a tale alterazione. I risultati presentati dimostrano che la serin-treonin chinasi PKB/Akt regola la proliferazione cellulare in cellule tumorali tiroidee attraverso la fosforilazione diretta di p27. La treonina 157, che mappa all’interno del sito di localizzazione nucleare della proteina, e la treonina 198 costituiscono i siti di fosforilazione nella proteina p27 da parte di PKB/Akt. la fosforilazione di p27 da parte di PKB/Akt provoca il legame alle proteine della famiglia 14.3.3 e l’accumulo di p27 nel citoplasma delle cellule cancerose, impedendo l’arresto del ciclo cellulare in fase G1 dipendente da p27. I mutanti non fosforilabili di p27 (T157A-T198A) non legano 14.3.3, si accumulano nel nucleo e risultano insensibili all’attività mitogenica indotta da Akt.
Esperimenti effettuati su 5 linee cellulari rappresentative dei diversi istotipi del carcinoma tiroideo (papillifero, follicolare ed anaplastico) hanno infine dimostrato che l’attivazione costitutiva della via di trasduzione del segnale che attiva la chinasi PKB/Akt, la via della fosfatidil-inositolo-3 chinasi (PI3K), gioca un ruolo importante nella carcinogenesi tiroidea e che p27 rappresenta una molecola importante attraverso cui tale via promuove la crescita in cellule derivate da carcinoma della tiroide. Utilizzando specifici inibitori della PI3K (LY294002, Wortmannina. PTEN) o un costrutto codificante per una forma costitutivamente attiva di PKB/Akt (Akt miristilato) abbiamo dimostrato che il controllo PI3K/Akt-dipendente della proliferazione delle cellule tiroidee avviene mediante la regolazione della localizzazione subcellulare di p27; che la localizzazione di p27 è dipendente dalla fosforilazione Akt-dipendente sui residui T157 e T198; infine che p27 fosforilata sui residui T157-T198 si accumula nel citoplasma di cellule tumorali tiroidee e ciò coincide con  l’attivazione di Akt.
Red Halos of Galaxies - Reservoirs of Baryonic Dark Matter?
Creators: name: Zackrisson, E.
name: Bergvall, N.
name: Flynn, C.
name: Ostlin, G.
name: Micheva, G.
name: Caldwell, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep optical/near-IR surface photometry of galaxies outside the Local Group have revealed faint and very red halos around objects as diverse as disk galaxies and starbursting dwarf galaxies. The colours of these structures are too extreme to be reconciled with stellar populations similar to those seen in the stellar halos of the Milky Way or M31, and alternative explanations like dust reddening, high metallicities or nebular emission are also disfavoured. A stellar population obeying an extremely bottom-heavy initial mass function (IMF), is on the other hand consistent with all available data. Because of its high mass-to-light ratio, such a population would effectively behave as baryonic dark matter and could account for some of the baryons still missing in the low-redshift Universe. Here, we give an overview of current red halo detections, alternative explanations for the origin of the red colours and ongoing searches for red halos around types of galaxies for which this phenomenon has not yet been reported. A number of potential tests of the bottom-heavy IMF hypothesis are also discussed.
description: 9 pages, proceedings of IAU Symposium 244, Dark Galaxies & Lost Baryons
The synthesis of an ionomycin fragment
Creators: name: Nicoll-Griffith, Deborah Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis concerns studies directed towards the synthesis of the polyether antibiotic ionomycin (1). Specifically, the aims were to prepare optically active fragments A and B, corresponding to C-l to C-9 and to C-10 to C-15 of ionomycin, and to couple these intermediates. A model study was conducted to develop chemistry central to the synthesis of fragment A from methyl α-D-glucopyranoside (73). A Wadsworth-Emmons cyclization of the phosphonate aldehyde 69 furnished α,β-unsaturated lactone 70, the second reported urono-8,4-lactone. A stereoselective conjugate addition with the higher order mixed organo-cuprate, Me₂Cu(CN)Li₂, yielded as the major product, lactone 82 with an axial methyl group at C-6. The minor product of the cuprate reaction, lactone 83 with an equatorial methyl group at C-6, was also prepared via a separate route. The synthesis of the fragment A precursor for ionomycin involved the introduction of three pendent methyl groups at positions C-2, C-4, and C-6 on the D-glucose frame work. Notably, the C-6 methyl group was introduced by a highly stereoselective conjugate addition analogous to the model study. Thus, the cuprate, Me₂Cu(CN)Li₂, added to α,β -unsaturated lactone 110 to yield lactone 112 as the sole reaction product. The lactone ring was then opened to allow the stereoselective introduction of the methyl group at C-4 after which the pyranoside ring was opened. Subsequent synthetic manipulations yielded the optically active fragment A precursor 138. Fragment B was prepared from meso-2,4-dimethylglutaric anhydride (5). An intermediate, acid ester 6, was resolved and was then modified to yield the optically active mixture of epimeric epoxides 15. The fragment A precursor 138 and the fragment B mixture 15 were coupled to yield the epimeric mixture of β-hydroxy ketones 140 which contains C-2 to C-15 of ionomycin.[See Thesis for Diagrams]
"Small" telescopes at ESO: from Detectors to Science and Training (a personal view from the early years on…)
Creators: name: Dennefeld, Michel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The first years of ESO-LaSilla, until the arrival of the 3.6m telescope, correspond to a period of world-wide, intense developments on the detector side, from sensitising of photographic plates, to intensified detectors, scanners, etc...until the arrival of the first CCD's. This had a profound influence on the type of science achievable with "small" telescopes. This paper describes the evolution of science and observations with ESO's "large telescope" at the time at LaSilla and reviews also the various surveys undertaken with the "small telescopes".

Emphasis is put also on the training aspects, which were considered from the beginning, developed into Observing Schools, and should take  an even greater importance in the future, now that these telescopes become relatively more available. It is suggested that  LaSilla could play a still greater role in the future, by using various telescopes for follow-up of the Transient Sky, a new developing branch of Astrophysics:  the large number of Alerts which require a classification provide an excellent training ground for beginners, both in the variety of astrophysical phenomena and in the variety of required observing techniques.
Properties of Faint X-ray Activity of XTE J1908+094 in 2019
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Debjit
name: Jana, Arghajit
name: Chatterjee, Kaushik
name: Bhowmick, Riya
name: Nath, Sujoy Kumar
name: Chakrabarti, Sandip K.
name: Mangalam, A.
name: Debnath, Dipak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of the faint X-ray activity of Galactic transient black hole candidate XTE~J1908+094 during its 2019 outburst. Here, we report the results of detailed spectral and temporal analysis during this outburst using observations from {\it Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)}. We have not observed any quasi-periodic-oscillations (QPOs) in the power density spectrum (PDS). The spectral study suggests that the source remained in the softer (more precisely in soft-intermediate) spectral state during this short period of the X-ray activity. We notice a faint but broad Fe K$α$ emission line at around 6.5 keV. We also estimate the probable mass of the black hole to be $6.5^{+0.5}_{-0.7}~M_\odot$ with 90\% confidence.
Analysis of a convenient information bound for general quantum channels
Creators: name: O'Loan, Caleb J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Open questions from Sarovar and Milburn (2006 J.Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 8487) are answered. Sarovar and Milburn derived a convenient upper bound for the Fisher information of a one-parameter quantum channel. They showed that for quasi-classical models their bound is achievable and they gave a necessary and sufficient condition for positive operator-valued measures (POVMs) attaining this bound. They asked (i) whether their bound is attainable more generally, (ii) whether explicit expressions for optimal POVMs can be derived from the attainability condition. We show that the symmetric logarithmic derivative (SLD) quantum information is less than or equal to the SM bound, i.e.\ $H(θ) \leq C_Υ(θ)$ and we find conditions for equality. As the Fisher information is less than or equal to the SLD quantum information, i.e. $F_M(θ) \leq H(θ)$, we can deduce when equality holds in $F_M(θ) \leq C_Υ(θ)$. Equality does not hold for all channels. As a consequence, the attainability condition cannot be used to test for optimal POVMs for all channels. These results are extended to multi-parameter channels.
description: 16 pages. Published version. Some of the lemmas have been corrected. New resuts have been added. Proofs are more rigorous
Morphologies and kinetics of a dewetting ultrathin solid film
Creators: name: Khenner, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface evolution model based on geometric partial differential equation is used to numerically study the kinetics of dewetting and dynamic morphologies for the localized pinhole defect in the surface of the ultrathin solid film with the strongly anisotropic surface energy. Depending on parameters such as the initial depth and width of the pinole, the strength of the attractive substrate potential and the strength of the surface energy anisotropy, the pinhole may either extend to the substrate and thus rupture the film, or evolve to the quasiequilibrium shape while the rest of the film surface undergoes phase separation into a hill-and-valley structure followed by coarsening. Overhanging (non-graph) morphologies are possible for deep, narrow (slit-like) pinholes.
Quark Gluon Bags as Reggeons
Creators: name: Bugaev, K. A.
name: Petrov, V. K.
name: Zinovjev, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of the medium dependent finite width of QGP bags on their equation of state is analyzed within an exactly solvable model. It is argued that the large width of the QGP bags not only explains the observed deficit in the number of hadronic resonances, but also clarifies the reason why the heavy QGP bags cannot be directly observed as metastable states in a hadronic phase. The model allows us to estimate the minimal value of the width of QGP bags from a variety of the lattice QCD data and get that the minimal resonance width at zero temperature is about 600 MeV, whereas the minimal resonance width at the Hagedorn temperature is about 2000 MeV. As shown these estimates are almost insensitive to the number of the elementary degrees of freedom. The recent lattice QCD data are analyzed and it is found that besides sigma T**4 term the lattice QCD pressure contains T-linear and T**4 ln T terms in the range of temperatures between 240 MeV and 420 MeV. The presence of the last term in the pressure bears almost no effect on the width estimates. Our analysis shows that at hight temperatures the average mass and width of the QGP bags behave in accordance with the upper bound of the Regge trajectory asymptotics (the linear asymptotics), whereas at low temperatures they obey the lower bound of the Regge trajectory asymptotics (the square root one). Since the model explicitly contains the Hagedorn mass spectrum, it allows us to remove an existing contradiction between the finite number of hadronic Regge families and the Hagedorn idea of the exponentially growing mass spectrum of hadronic bags.
description: One section removed, a few references added, the Regge trajectories of free QGP bags are considered
Journals Titles and Mission Statements: Lexical structure, diversity and readability
Creators: name: Cortes, Julian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is an established research agenda on dissecting an articles components, title and abstract readability and diversity, keywords, number references, and determining their association with bibliometrics performance. Yet, journals titles and their overview, aim and scope (i.e., journals mission statement, JMS(s) have not been investigated with the same diligence. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive outlook of titles and JMSs lexical structure and identify significant differences between journals prestige and type of access groups and their JMS content in the field of business, management and accounting (BMA). Lexical network analysis was used to explore journals title structure. JMS were examined through the Flesch-Kincaid grade level for readability and the Yules K for lexical diversity. Titles and JMS structural analysis reflected current and critical discussion in BMA: an obsession for counterintuitive findings and ICT tools. JMS expressed mostly target customers and markets. JMS from reputable journals showed a higher betweenness for key terms related to rigorous features, while JMS of lower reputable journals highlighted indexing attributes (i.e., Scopus). Wilcoxon rank sum and Kruskal Wallis tests showed significant differences in the JMS median diversity regarding the journals type of access and best quartiles.
Redox oscillations in 18650-type lithium-ion cell revealed by in operando Compton scattering imaging
Creators: name: Suzuki, Kosuke
name: Suzuki, Shunta
name: Otsuka, Yuji
name: Tsuji, Naruki
name: Jalkanen, Kirsi
name: Koskinen, Jari
name: Hoshi, Kazushi
name: Honkanen, Ari-Pekka
name: Hafiz, Hasnain
name: Sakurai, Yoshiharu
name: Kanninen, Mika
name: Huotari, Simo
name: Bansil, Arun
name: Sakurai, Hiroshi
name: Barbiellini, Bernardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compton scattering imaging using high-energy synchrotron x-rays allows the visualization of the spatio-temporal lithiation state in lithium-ion batteries probed in-operando. Here, we apply this imaging technique to the commercial 18650-type cylindrical lithium-ion battery. Our analysis of the lineshapes of the Compton scattering spectra taken from different electrode layers reveals the emergence of inhomogeneous lithiation patterns during the charge-discharge cycles. Moreover, these patterns exhibit oscillations in time where the dominant period corresponds to the time scale of the charging curve.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Experimental quantum state tomography of a solid state qubit
Creators: name: Rippe, L.
name: Julsgaard, B.
name: Walther, A.
name: Ying, Yan
name: Kröll, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Full quantum state tomography is used to characterize the state of an ensemble based qubit implemented through two hyperfine levels in Pr3+ ions, doped into a Y2SiO5 crystal. We experimentally verify that single-qubit rotation errors due to inhomogeneities of the ensemble can be suppressed using the Roos-Moelmer dark state scheme. Fidelities above >90%, presumably limited by excited state decoherence, were achieved. Although not explicitly taken care of in the Roos-Moelmer scheme, it appears that also decoherence due to inhomogeneous broadening on the hyperfine transition is largely suppressed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures (eps)
PERINATAL COMPLICATIONS IN CHILDREN, WHICH WERE BORN AFTER ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES WITH IN VITRO FERTIZILATION
Creators: name: Abdujapparova, Naziraxon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In fertility problems affect 8-12% of couples of reproductive age. Singletons born after IVF have a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes such as gestational age and low birth weight, as well as multiple meta-indicators of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight and small for gestational age (SGA). - confirmed by analyses. The relative risk (RR) after IVF for PTB is 1.54 and 1.84 compared with natural singletons and the odds ratio (OR) was 1.55. The development of IVF techniques over time and antagonist or low-dose gonadotropin protocols and the assessment of perinatal outcomes of recent cohorts remain important.
Disorder Perturbation Expansion for Athermal Crystals
Creators: name: Acharya, Pappu
name: Das, Debankur
name: Ramola, Kabir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a perturbation expansion for athermal systems that allows an exact determination of displacement fields away from the crystalline state as a response to disorder. We show that the displacement fields in energy minimized configurations of particles interacting through central potentials with microscopic disorder, can be obtained as a series expansion in the strength of the disorder. We introduce a hierarchy of force balance equations that allows an order-by-order determination of the displacement fields, with the solutions at lower orders providing sources for the higher order solutions. This allows the simultaneous force balance equations to be solved, within a hierarchical perturbation expansion to arbitrary accuracy. We present exact results for an isotropic defect introduced into the crystalline ground state at linear order and second order in our expansion. We show that the displacement fields produced by the defect display interesting self-similar properties at every order. We derive a $|δr| \sim 1/r$ and $|δf| \sim 1/r^2$ decay for the displacement fields and excess forces at large distances $r$ away from the defect. Finally we derive non-linear corrections introduced by the interactions between defects at second order in our expansion. We verify our exact results with displacement fields obtained from energy minimized configurations of soft disks.
description: 16 Pages, 8 Figures
title: Pathologies de l’appareil locomoteur (lombalgie et arthrose des membres inférieurs) et crénobalnéothérapie : le point de vue du médecin de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation
title: Musculoskeletal diseases (low back pain and lower limb osteoarthritis) and spa therapy: the physiatrist point of view
Creators: name: Nguyen, Christelle
name: Coudeyre, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Société française de médecine thermale
Year: 2019

description: En France, les pathologies de l’appareil locomoteur sont la 1ère cause de handicap rapportée par les personnes de plus de 40 ans. Les recommandations actuelles préconisent l’association de mesures médicamenteuses et non médicamenteuses. Cependant, seuls 30 à 50% des patients adhèrent au traitement à long terme. La cure thermale, en plus de ses effets spécifiques, pourrait offrir un cadre favorable à l’instauration de modifications pérennes et bénéfiques du mode de vie. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous avons choisi de ne traiter que la lombalgie chronique et l’arthrose des membres inférieurs. Nous avons réalisé une revue narrative critique de la littérature. La base de données MEDLINE a été interrogée via PubMed en janvier 2019. Dans la lombalgie chronique, la cure thermale améliore la douleur et la fonction à 3 et 6 mois et réduit la consommation médicamenteuse. Il n’a pas été démontré d’effet sur le retour au travail. Dans la gonarthrose, la cure thermale associée à des exercices à domicile améliore la douleur et la fonction à 3, 6 et 9 mois. Les mécanismes de ces effets sont multiples et pourraient être en partie médiés par des modifications cognitivo-comportementales positives favorisées par l’effet cure et par les thérapies éducatives et cognitivo-comportementales spécifiques instaurées au cours du séjour en milieu thermal. Les effets de la cure thermale sur l’adhésion aux traitements restent à évaluer.
description: In France, musculoskeletal disorders are the first cause of years lived with disability in people over 40 years. Current recommendations advocate the combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. However, only 30 to 50% of patients adhere to the treatment in the long-term. Spa therapy, in addition to its specific effects, could provide a favorable environment for the introduction of beneficial and persistent lifestyle changes. In this article, we chose to focus only on chronic low back pain and lower limb osteoarthritis. We conducted a critical narrative review of the literature. The MEDLINE database was searched via PubMed in January 2019. In chronic low back pain, spa therapy improves pain and function at 3 and 6 months and reduces drug consumption. There is no evidence of effect on return to work. In knee osteoarthritis, spa therapy combined with home-based exercise improves pain and function at 3, 6 and 9 months. The mechanisms of these effects are multiple and could be partly mediated by positive cognitive-behavioral changes favored by the spa therapy and by the specific educational and cognitive-behavioral therapies introduced during spa therapy. The effects of spa therapy on adherence to treatments remain to be evaluated.
Chandra Observations of the Cl1604 Supercluster at z=0.9: Evidence for an Overdensity of Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Kocevski, Dale D.
name: Lubin, Lori M.
name: Gal, Roy
name: Lemaux, Brian C.
name: Fassnacht, Christopher D.
name: Squires, Gordon K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of Chandra observations of the Cl1604 supercluster at z~0.9. The system is the largest structure mapped at redshifts approaching unity, containing at least eight spectroscopically confirmed galaxy clusters and groups. Using two 50-ksec ACIS-I pointings we examine both the X-ray point source population and the diffuse emission from individual clusters in the system. We find a 2.5σexcess of point sources detected in the hard band (2-10 keV) relative to the number of sources found in blank fields observed by Chandra. No such excess is observed in the soft band (0.5-2 keV). The hard-band source density is 1.47 times greater than that of a blank field, in agreement with the previously reported correlation between overdensity amplitude and cluster redshift. Using a maximum likelihood technique we have matched 112 of the 161 detected X-ray point sources to optical counterparts and found 15 sources that are associated with the supercluster. All 15 sources have rest-frame luminosities consistent with emission from active galactic nuclei (AGN). We find that the supercluster AGN largely avoid the densest regions of the system and are instead distributed on the outskirts of massive clusters or within poorer clusters and groups. We have also detected diffuse emission from two of the eight clusters and groups in the system, clusters Cl1604+4304 and Cl1604+4314. The systems have bolometric luminosities of 1.43x10^44 and 8.20x10^43 h70^-2 erg s^-1 and gas temperatures of 3.50 (+1.82-1.08) and 1.64 (+0.65-0.45) keV, respectively. Using updated velocity dispersions, we compare the properties of these systems to the cluster scaling relations followed by other X-ray and optically selected galaxy clusters at high redshift.
description: 24 pages, 14 figures, submitted to ApJ
Photo-Solitonic Effect
Creators: name: Khodas, M.
name: Kamenev, A.
name: Glazman, L. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that dark solitons in 1D Bose liquids may be created by absorption of a single quanta of an external ac field, in a close analogy with the Einstein's photoelectric effect. Similarly to the von Lenard's experiment with photoexcited electrons, the external field's photon energy $\hbarω$ should exceed a certain threshold. In our case the latter is given by the soliton energy $\varepsilon_s(\hbar q)$ with the momentum $\hbar q$, where $q$ is photon's wavenumber. We find the probability of soliton creation to have a power-law dependence on the frequency detuning $ω-\varepsilon_s/\hbar$. This dependence is a signature of the quantum nature of the absorption process and the orthogonality catastrophe phenomenon associated with it.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. This is an extended version of arXiv:0710.2910
Single Image Depth Estimation: An Overview
Creators: name: Mertan, Alican
name: Duff, Damien Jade
name: Unal, Gozde
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We review solutions to the problem of depth estimation, arguably the most important subtask in scene understanding. We focus on the single image depth estimation problem. Due to its properties, the single image depth estimation problem is currently best tackled with machine learning methods, most successfully with convolutional neural networks. We provide an overview of the field by examining key works. We examine non-deep learning approaches that mostly predate deep learning and utilize hand-crafted features and assumptions, and more recent works that mostly use deep learning techniques. The single image depth estimation problem is tackled first in a supervised fashion with absolute or relative depth information acquired from human or sensor-labeled data, or in an unsupervised way using unlabelled stereo images or video datasets. We also study multitask approaches that combine the depth estimation problem with related tasks such as semantic segmentation and surface normal estimation. Finally, we discuss investigations into the mechanisms, principles, and failure cases of contemporary solutions.
description: This is a preprint
Anisotropic fluxes and nonlocal interactions in MHD turbulence
Creators: name: Alexakis, A.
name: Bigot, B.
name: Politano, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the locality or nonlocality of the energy transfer and of the spectral interactions involved in the cascade for decaying magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows in the presence of a uniform magnetic field $\bf B$ at various intensities. The results are based on a detailed analysis of three-dimensional numerical flows at moderate Reynold numbers. The energy transfer functions, as well as the global and partial fluxes, are examined by means of different geometrical wavenumber shells. On the one hand, the transfer functions of the two conserved Elsässer energies $E^+$ and $E^-$ are found local in both the directions parallel ($k_\|$-direction) and perpendicular ($k_\perp$-direction) to the magnetic guide-field, whatever the ${\bf B}$-strength. On the other hand, from the flux analysis, the interactions between the two counterpropagating Elsässer waves become nonlocal. Indeed, as the ${\bf B}$-intensity is increased, local interactions are strongly decreased and the interactions with small $k_\|$ modes dominate the cascade. Most of the energy flux in the $k_\perp$-direction is due to modes in the plane at $k_\|=0$, while the weaker cascade in the $k_\|$-direction is due to the modes with $k_\|=1$. The stronger magnetized flows tends thus to get closer to the weak turbulence limit where the three-wave resonant interactions are dominating. Hence, the transition from the strong to the weak turbulence regime occurs by reducing the number of effective modes in the energy cascade.
description: Submitted to PRE
Solar surges related to UV bursts: Characterization through k-means, inversions and density diagnostics
Creators: name: Siverio, D. Nóbrega
name: Guglielmino, S. L.
name: Dalda, A. Sainz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surges are cool and dense ejections typically observed in chromospheric lines and closely related to other solar phenomena like UV bursts or coronal jets. Our aim is to address the current lack of inverted models and diagnostics of surges as well as characterizing their plasma properties. We have analyzed different surges related to UV bursts observed with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) on 2016 April. The mid- and low-chromosphere of the surges are examined by getting their representative Mg II h&k line profiles through the k-means algorithm and performing inversions on them using the STiC code. We have studied the far-UV spectra focusing on the O IV 1399.8 and 1401.2 Å lines, carrying out density diagnostics to determine the transition region properties of these ejections. We have also used experiments performed with the Bifrost code for comparisons. Thanks to k-means, we reduce the number of Mg II h&k profiles to invert by a factor 43.2. The inversions of the representative profiles show that the mid- and low-chromosphere of the surges have temperatures mainly around T $=6$ kK at $ -6.0 \le \log_{10}(τ) \le -3.2$. For the electronic number density, $n_e$, and line-of-sight velocity, $V_{\mathrm{LOS}}$, the most reliable results from the inversions are within $ -6.0 \le \log_{10}(τ) \le -4.8$, with $n_e$ ranging from $\sim1.6 \times 10^{11}$ up to $10^{12}$ cm$^{-3}$, and $V_{\mathrm{LOS}}$ of a few km s$^{-1}$. We find, for the first time, observational evidence of enhanced O IV emission within the surges, indicating that these phenomena have a considerable impact on the transition region even in the weakest far-UV lines. The O IV emitting layers show electron number densities from $2.5\times 10^{10}$ to $10^{12}$ cm$^{-3}$. The simulations provide theoretical support in terms of the topology and of the location of the O IV emission of the surges.
description: Accepted in A&A. 13 pages, 8 figures, 1 movie
The Flavor of the Composite Pseudo-Goldstone Higgs
Creators: name: Csaki, Csaba
name: Falkowski, Adam
name: Weiler, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the flavor structure of 5D warped models that provide a dual description of a composite pseudo-Goldstone Higgs. We first carefully re-examine the flavor constraints on the mass scale of new physics in the standard Randall-Sundrum-type scenarios, and find that the KK gluon mass should generically be heavier than about 21 TeV. We then compare the flavor structure of the composite Higgs models to those in the RS model. We find new contributions to flavor violation, which while still are suppressed by the RS-GIM mechanism, will enhance the amplitudes of flavor violations. In particular, there is a kinetic mixing term among the SM fields which (although parametrically not enhanced) will make the flavor bounds even more stringent than in RS. This together with the fact that in the pseudo-Goldstone scenario Yukawa couplings are set by a gauge coupling implies the KK gluon mass to be at least about 33 TeV. For both the RS and the composite Higgs models the flavor bounds could be stronger or weaker depending on the assumption on the value of the gluon boundary kinetic term. These strong bounds seem to imply that the fully anarchic approach to flavor in warped extra dimensions is implausible, and there have to be at least some partial flavor symmetries appearing that eliminate part of the sources for flavor violation. We also present complete expressions for the radiatively generated Higgs potential of various 5D implementations of the composite Higgs model, and comment on the 1-5 percent level tuning needed in the top sector to achieve a phenomenologically acceptable vacuum state.
description: 42 pages, 8 figures. v2: References added, typos fixed, extended discussion on fine tuning
Long range correlations and phase transition in non-equilibrium diffusive systems
Creators: name: Bodineau, T.
name: Derrida, B.
name: Lecomte, V.
name: van Wijland, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain explicit expressions for the long range correlations in the ABC model and in diffusive models conditioned to produce an atypical current of particles.In both cases, the two-point correlation functions allow to detect the occurrence of a phase transition as they become singular when the system approaches the transition.
Relic abundance of dark matter in universal extra dimension models with right-handed neutrinos
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Shigeki
name: Sato, Joe
name: Senami, Masato
name: Yamanaka, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relic abundance of dark matter is investigated in the framework of universal extra dimension models with right-handed neutrinos. These models are free from the serious Kaluza-Klein (KK) graviton problem that the original universal extra dimension model has. The first KK particle of the right-handed neutrino is a candidate for dark matter in this framework, and its relic abundance is determined by three processes, (1) the decay of the KK photon into the first KK right-handed neutrino in the late universe, (2) production of the first KK right-handed neutrino from the thermal bath in the early universe, and (3) the decay of higher KK right-handed neutrinos into the first KK right-handed neutrino in the late universe. When ordinary neutrino masses are large enough such as the degenerate mass spectrum case, the last process contribute to the abundance significantly, even if the reheating temperature is low. The scale of the extra dimension consistent with cosmological observations can be 500 GeV in the minimal setup of universal extra dimension models with right-handed neutrinos.
description: added references, changed figure 3 and figure 4
Studies in high resolution spectroscopy
Creators: name: Anderson, Darlene
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The ground state microwave spectra of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), carbonylchlorofluoride (FClCO), and N-chlorodifluoromethylenimine (CF₂NCI), have been measured from 8 — 80 GHz and analyzed. The 8[sup 2/sub0] vibrational band of aminoborane (NH₂BH₂) near 1223 cm⁻¹ has been recorded at a resolution of 0.004 cm⁻¹ and analyzed. HOCl: Rotational constants and quartic centrifugal distortion constants were obtained for the following four isotopic species of hypochlorous acid: D¹⁶O³⁵Cl, D¹⁶O³⁷Cl, H¹⁸O³⁵Cl and H¹⁸O³⁷Cl. The centrifugal distortion constants were combined with vibrational wavenumbers from the literature to determine a valence harmonic force field which was used to calculate an average structure and an estimated equilibrium structure. Effective and full substitution structures have also been evaluated. FClCO: An extensive set of transitions, to high J and K has been measured for the two most abundant species, F³⁵CI¹²CO and F³⁷CI¹²CO, which allowed accurate values for the rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants and the chlorine nuclear quadrupole coupling constants to be evaluated for each. An estimate of the three rotational constants for F³⁵CI¹³CO was made from the four transitions measured, as it exists in natural abundance. Harmonic force constants were produced from ab initio calculations and were used in the determination of its harmonic force field. Effective and average structural parameters have been determined. CF₂NCI: Rotational constants and quartic centrifugal distortion constants have been obtained for the two isotopic species CF₂N³⁵CI and CF₂N³⁷CI. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of both ¹⁴N and CI have been evaluated. A partial harmonic force field has been determined from the available data. Both effective and average structural parameters have been obtained and indicate that the structure of CF₂NCI is a hybrid of those of CF₂NF and CCl₂NCl. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants have provided information about the bonding in the molecule. NH₂BH₂: Rotational constants and centrifugal distortion constants of the upper vibrational state 2v₈ have been determined and have confirmed the assignment of the band. The least squares refinement of the constants has shown an increasing poorness of fit to the higher K[sub a] transitions which has suggested the possiblity of Coriolis type perturbations.
Determination of distribution constants of antioxidants by electrokinetic chromatography
Creators: name: Váňová, Jana
name: Liimatta, Laura J.
name: Česla, Petr
name: Wiedmer, Susanne K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Liposome electrokinetic chromatography and micellar electrokinetic chromatography were used for studying the lipophilic properties of natural antioxidants, specifically phenolic acids and flavonoids. The employed negatively charged liposomes were composed of mixtures of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycerophosphatidylcholine and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-phosphatidylserine or 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol. In micellar electrokinetic chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulphate micelles were used as the pseudostationary phase. The retention factors of the studied compounds were determined at pH 7.4. The corresponding distribution constants were calculated from the experimentally determined retention factors and the phase ratios of the liposome dispersions and the micellar system. The distribution constants between the aqueous phase and the liposomes or micelles were compared with octanol/water partition or distribution constants of the studied compounds, which were predicted using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform—PhysChem Module. Our results indicate that the correlations between the distribution constants of the two tested liposome systems were much stronger than those between the liposome/micellar systems. The correlations between the n-octanol phase and the liposome phases were similar to that between n-octanol and the micellar phase. Our data shows that electrokinetic chromatography is an efficient method for determining partition coefficients of compounds, but the type of pseudostationary phase has a clear impact on the values.