cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The study of Kantowski-Sachs perfect fluid cosmological model in modified gravity
Creators: name: Vinutha, T.
name: Niharika, K.
name: Kavya, K. Sri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kantowski-Sachs perfect fluid cosmological model is explored in modified gravity with functional form $f(R, T)$=$f_1(R)$+$f_2(T)$ where $R$ is Ricci scalar, and $T$ is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. With this functional form, three different cases have been formulated, namely negative and positive powers of curvature, logarithmic curvature, and exponential curvature given by $f_1(R)=R+γR^2-\frac{μ^4}{R}$, $f_1(R)=R+νln(τR)$ and $f_1(R)=R+κe^{-ιR}$ respectively. For all these three cases, $f_2(T)=λT$, here $γ$, $λ$, $μ$, $ν$, $τ$, $κ$ and $ι$ are constants. While solving the field equations, two constraints i) the Expansion scalar is proportional to shear scalar ii) the Hyperbolic scale factor is used. By using these conditions, the required optimum solutions are obtained. The physical parameters are calculated, and the geometrical parameters of three cases are analyzed against redshift($z$) with the help of pictorial representation. In the context of $f(R, T)$ gravity, energy conditions are discussed with the help of pressure and energy density. If a strong energy condition is positive, gravity should be attractive but in our model, it shows negative, which means that cosmic acceleration is due to antigravity, whereas NEC and DEC are fulfilled. The perturbation technique is used to test the stability of the background solutions of the obtained models. The inferences obtained from this paper are persistent with the present cosmological observations, and the model represents an accelerating universe.
Joint Learning of Context and Feedback Embeddings in Spoken Dialogue
Creators: name: Qian, Livia
name: Skantze, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Short feedback responses, such as backchannels, play an important role in spoken dialogue. So far, most of the modeling of feedback responses has focused on their timing, often neglecting how their lexical and prosodic form influence their contextual appropriateness and conversational function. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of embedding short dialogue contexts and feedback responses in the same representation space using a contrastive learning objective. In our evaluation, we primarily focus on how such embeddings can be used as a context-feedback appropriateness metric and thus for feedback response ranking in U.S. English dialogues. Our results show that the model outperforms humans given the same ranking task and that the learned embeddings carry information about the conversational function of feedback responses.
description: Interspeech 2024
Thermalization of the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice in the presence of non-integrable perturbations
Creators: name: Selim, Mahmoud A.
name: Pyrialakos, Georgios G.
name: Wu, Fan O.
name: Musslimani, Ziad
name: Makris, Konstantinos G.
name: Khajavikhan, Mercedeh
name: Christodoulides, Demetrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the statistical mechanics of the photonic Ablowitz-Ladik lattice, the integrable version of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In this regard, we demonstrate that in the presence of perturbations the complex response of this system can be accurately captured within the framework of optical thermodynamics. Along these lines, we shed light on the true relevance of chaos in the thermalization of the Ablowitz-Ladik system. Our results indicate that when linear and nonlinear perturbations are incorporated, this weakly nonlinear lattice will thermalize into a proper Rayleigh-Jeans distribution with a well-defined temperature and chemical potential. This result illustrates that in the supermode basis, a non-local and non-Hermitian nonlinearity can in fact properly thermalize this periodic array in the presence of two quasi-conserved quantities
description: 4 pages,3 figures, journal
Andreev reflection at half-metal-superconductor interfaces with non-uniform magnetization
Creators: name: Kupferschmidt, Joern N.
name: Brouwer, Piet W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Andreev reflection at the interface between a half-metallic ferromagnet and a spin-singlet superconductor is possible only if it is accompanied by a spin flip. Here we calculate the Andreev reflection amplitudes for the case that the spin flip originates from a spatially non-uniform magnetization direction in the half metal. We calculate both the microscopic Andreev reflection amplitude for a single reflection event and an effective Andreev reflection amplitude describing the effect of multiple Andreev reflections in a ballistic thin film geometry. It is shown that the angle and energy dependence of the Andreev reflection amplitude strongly depends on the orientation of the gradient of the magnetization with respect to the interface. Establishing a connection between the scattering approach employed here and earlier work that employs the quasiclassical formalism, we connect the symmetry properties of the Andreev reflection amplitudes to the symmetry properties of the anomalous Green function in the half metal.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Modeling biomechanical responses of cells to external forces
Creators: name: Wu, Tenghu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: For many cells, their biomechanical properties are important to their biofunctions. This thesis contains three computational studies of cellular dynamics under mechanical deformation. When infected by malaria, infected red blood cells (iRBCs) become less deformable and tend to block microcapillaries. Microfluidic channels have been used to investigate the deformability of iRBC at different infection stages. In my first project, I applied a discrete iRBC model to simulate the traverse of iRBCs through a microfluidic channel and investigated the progressive loss of the cell deformability due to three factors: the membrane stiffening, the cell surface-volume ratio reduction, and the parasite growing inside the cell. The results indicate that the growth of the parasite clusters play the most significant role in causing the channel blockage. Recent experiments have investigated the response of neutrophils after passing through microfluidic channels. The results indicate that neutrophils may be activated by mechanical deformation. Mechanical deformation causes disassembly of the cytoskeletal network of the neutrophils, which results in a sudden drop of the cell elastic modulus (termed fluidization). The fluidization is followed by either activation of the neutrophils with formation of pseudopods or uniform recovery of the cytoskeletal network without pseudopod formation. The former only occurs when the neutrophils' transit rate is slow. I proposed a chemo-mechanical model for the fluidization and activation processes, based on the polarization of the Rac protein through a wave-pinning mechanism. The model captures the main features of the experimental observation. The third project investigates the response of smooth muscle cells to transient stretch-compress (SC) and compress-stretch (CS) maneuvers. Prior experimental results indicate that the transient SC maneuver causes a sudden fluidization of the cell while the CS maneuver does not. To understand this asymmetric behavior, I built a biomechanical model to probe the response of stress fibers to the two maneuvers. The model couples the cross-bridge cycle of myosin motors with a viscoelastic Kelvin-Voigt element. Simulation results point to the sensitivity of the myosin detachment rate to tension as the cause for the asymmetric response of the stress fiber to the CS and SC maneuvers.
Русская Православная Церковь в эпоху реформ Петра Великого
Creators: name: Самойловский Алексей Леонидович
Publisher: name: Наука. Общество. Оборона
Year: 2020
Subjects: Петр I
реформы XVII и XVIII веков
Русская Православная Церковь
реформы Русской Православной Церкви

description: Введение. Реформы Петра Первого значительно повлияли на устройство Русской Православной Церкви и жизнь духовенства. Сама петровская эпоха историками оценивается по-разному, хотя невозможно отрицать, что реформы Петра являются очень значимыми в Истории Российского государства. Кроме того, стоит отметить тот факт, что Петр I не является тем человеком, который своей деятельностью полностью перечеркнул церковную жизнь, потому что многие реформы были заложены и до него, но не были развиты в достаточной мере и не имели таких масштабов. Его личное отношение к религии, изменило на многие столетия всю церковную парадигму, не только в области иерархии, но и в отношении к Русской Церкви. Изучать реформы тех лет и состояние Церкви, именно сейчас необходимо, так как после промышленной революции XIX – XX веков и достижений научного прогресса в самых различных областях возникает вопрос о надобности религии вообще. Каковы ее функции и права? Такие вопросы возникают как сегодня, так и тогда, поэтому для объективной оценки тех или иных предметов, процессов, событий или явлений, стоит обращаться к историям прошлого, ведь сама Мировая История – это процесс становления настоящего. Цель и объект исследования. Объектом исследования являются реформы Петра I в России в области церковного устройства XVII и XVIII веков. Цель исследования – сбор, анализ и обобщение литературных источников, которые описывают реформационные процессы, выяснить причины и предпосылки этих событий. Заключение. Обобщая и анализируя литературные источники по теме, можно сделать вывод, что состояние Русской Православной Церкви в эпоху реформ Петра Великого очень сильно изменилось. Петр Великий является одной из самых заметных фигур мировой истории. Известно, что многие реформы уже закладывались его предшественниками, но никто на всем протяжении истории русской монархии, не смог добиться таких изменений для государства в целом. Некоторая часть из них не прижилась, некоторые были введены слишком резко, но факт остается фактом: Петр изменил саму Церковь и создал для нее условия полной зависимости от государства.
New applications for the world's smallest high-precision capacitance dilatometer and its stress-implementing counterpart
Creators: name: Kuchler, R.
name: Wawrzynczak, R.
name: Dawczak-Debicki, H.
name: Gooth, J.
name: Galeski, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new stress dilatometer with exactly the same size and weight as the world's smallest miniature capacitance dilatometer (height x width x depth = 15 mmx14 mmx15 mm, weight: 12 g). To develop this new device, only a single part of the most recently developed mini-dilatometer, the so-called 'body', needs to be replaced. Therefore, the new mini dilatometer with an interchangeable body can be used for high-resolution measurements of thermal expansion and magnetostriction with and without large stress. We also report two novel applications of both mini-dilatometer cell types. Our new setup was installed for the first time in a cryogen-free system (PPMS DynaCool). The first new setup allows the rotation of both dilatometers in situ at any angle between -90 deg > μ > +90 deg in the temperature range from 320 K to 1.8 K. We also installed our mini-cells in a dilution refrigerator insert of a PPMS DynaCool, in which dilatometric measurements are now possible in the temperature range from 4 K to 0.06 K. Because of the limited sample space, such measurements could not be performed so far. For both new applications, we can resolve the impressive length changes to 0.01 A.
description: New applications for the world's smallest high-precision capacitance dilatometer and its stress-implementing counterpart
Advanced technologies for improved discovery of DNA aptamers and characterization of biologic affinity reagents
Creators: name: Ouellet, Eric
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Biological reagents that recognize target molecules with high affinity and specificity are widely used as capture agents, diagnostic reagents, and therapeutics. Through their ability to adopt structures that confer binding affinity for a target, aptamers represent one major class of such reagents. However, their use is limited by the general inability of current selection methods to reliably discover high-quality aptamers. Inefficiencies in their selection are due in part to a lack of fundamental understanding of the mechanisms underpinning each step in the screening process. This thesis reports on a series of studies conducted to define the factors and mechanisms currently limiting aptamer selections. That knowledge is then used to create highly effective strategies and technologies for ameliorating each limitation affecting their selection. The resulting collection of improvements is integrated into a novel selection workflow termed “Hi-Fi SELEX”. Those improvements include i) application of a novel “competent library” that eliminates fixed-region interference effects during selection, ii) development of effective chemistries to optimally retain desirable library members, iii) invention of simple methods to accurately quantify retained library diversity and mean binding affinity after each selection round, and iv) development of emulsion PCR methods to eliminate generation of amplification artifacts and v) achieve stoichiometric recovery of the desired single-stranded aptamer library. The resulting discovery platform greatly improves the reliability and speed in which useful panels of lead aptamers against several clinically-relevant targets are discovered. Following initial selection of candidate aptamers based on binding affinity, further screening is typically required, in part to ensure target-specific binding – a performance need shared by antibodies selected against specific targets. However, moderate to high-throughput methods to efficiently screen panels of candidates for binding specificity are lacking. A new technology enabling label-free specificity screening of antibody or aptamer populations at suitable throughputs was therefore established at the proof-of-concept level. The novel microfluidic SPRi arrays described permit multiplexed detection of lead candidates by quantifying both equilibrium binding constants and binding kinetics for each interaction in an element-addressable fashion. The technology offers the ability to independently interrogate candidate affinity reagents and then recover those samples for downstream analysis.
More Holographic Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Transitions
Creators: name: Jensen, Kristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find two systems via holography that exhibit quantum Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transitions. The first is the ABJM theory with flavor and the second is a flavored (1,1) little string theory. In each case the transition occurs at nonzero density and magnetic field. The BKT transition in the little string theory is the first example of a quantum BKT transition in (3+1) dimensions. As in the "original" holographic BKT transition in the D3/D5 system, the exponential scaling is destroyed at any nonzero temperature and the transition becomes second order. Along the way we construct holographic renormalization for probe branes in the ABJM theory and propose a scheme for the little string theory. Finally, we obtain the embeddings and (half of) the meson spectrum in the ABJM theory with massive flavor.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
A collapsar origin for GRB 211211A is (just barely) possible
Creators: name: Barnes, Jennifer
name: Metzger, Brian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have historically been divided into two classes. Short-duration GRBs are associated with binary neutron-star mergers (NSMs), while long-duration bursts are connected to a subset of core-collapse supernovae (SNe). GRB 211211A recently made headlines as the first long-duration burst purportedly generated by an NSM. The evidence for an NSM origin was excess optical and near-infrared emission consistent with the kilonova observed after the gravitational wave-detected NSM GW170817. Kilonovae derive their unique electromagnetic signatures from the properties of the heavy elements synthesized by rapid neutron capture (the r-process) following the merger. Recent simulations suggest that the "collapsar" SNe that trigger long GRBs may also produce r-process elements. While observations of GRB 211211A and its afterglow ruled out an SN typical of those that follow long GRBs, an unusual collapsar could explain both the duration of GRB 211211A and the r-process-powered excess in its afterglow. We use semianalytic radiation transport modeling to evaluate low-mass collapsars as the progenitors of GRB 211211A-like events. We compare a suite of collapsar models to the afterglow-subtracted emission that followed GRB 211211A, and find the best agreement for models with high kinetic energies and an unexpected pattern of Ni-56 enrichment. We discuss how core-collapse explosions could produce such ejecta, and how distinct our predictions are from those generated by more straightforward kilonova models. We also show that radio observations can distinguish between kilonovae and the more massive collapsar ejecta we consider here.
description: Submitted to ApJ. Comments welcome
Concordance of Bing doubles and boundary genus
Creators: name: Livingston, Charles
name: Van Cott, Cornelia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25

description: Cha and Kim proved that if a knot K is not algebraically slice, then no iterated Bing double of K is concordant to the unlink. We prove that if K has nontrivial signature $σ$, then the n-iterated Bing double of K is not concordant to any boundary link with boundary surfaces of genus less than $2^{n-1}σ$. The same result holds with $σ$ replaced by $2τ$, twice the Ozsvath-Szabo knot concordance invariant.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Early disruption of the extracellular matrix in murine mucopolysaccharidosis I
Creators: name: Heppner, Jonathan Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Progressive skeletal and connective tissue disease is a major clinical burden in Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). Although enzyme replacement therapies are available and improve some aspects of the disease, bone and joint disease is recalcitrant. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms of MPS I skeletal and connective tissue disease, and the basis of the recalcitrance to therapy, remain unknown. The classical view of MPS I describes somatic disease as the direct result of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation; however, it is now clear that many lysosomal storage disorders involve more complex pathogenic mechanisms than simple GAG storage. In order to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying skeletal and connective tissue disease in MPS I, I have used proteomic and genome wide expression studies of the femoral head growth plate cartilage, and functional studies of the murine MPS I model knee joint to identify early pathogenic events. Three and five-week-old mice were used; thus these studies represent a previously-unexamined time point at which underlying pathogenic mechanisms may be discovered. Unbiased iTRAQ differential proteomic and multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry approaches identified significant decreases in six key structural and signalling extracellular matrix proteins (biglycan, type I collagen, fibromodulin, lactotransferrin, proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein, and SERPINF1). Genome-wide expression studies in five-week growth plate cartilage revealed fourteen significantly deregulated mRNAs (Adamts4, asporin, chondroadherin, type II collagen, type IX collagen, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein, lumican, matrillin 1, matrix metalloproteinase 3, osteoglycin, osteomodulin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha polypeptide II, proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein, and member RAS oncogene family 32). The involvement of members of the small leucine repeat proteoglycan family (asporin, chondroadherin, osteoglycin, osteomodulin, and proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein) in MPS I disease pathogenesis is novel and intriguing, as these proteins are associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Functional studies of the MPS I mouse knee joint suggested that early disruption of the extracellular matrix may predispose skeletal and connective tissues to late-stage degeneration. These results imply that biomechanical failure of chondro-osseous tissue may underlie skeletal and joint disease in MPS I. This represents a novel finding which has clear therapeutic implications.
«Трагическое непонимание» России и Руси. Смысловые категории жизни Русской Церкви в СССР и ее миссии в 1960-1970-е годы
Creators: name: Сазонов Дмитрий Иванович
Publisher: name: Наука. Общество. Оборона
Year: 2020
Subjects: старец
Русская Церковь
государство
Русь
интеллигент
неофит

description: Введение. Проблема непонимания культурной частью общества духовных и религиозных основ и ценностей у другой части общества является «трагическим непониманием», которое накладывает свой отпечаток не только в плане идейного определения будущего движения страны, но и определения внутреннего содержания ценностных и целостных представлений. Методы и результаты. В статье на исторической канве культурного развития рассматриваются смысловые понятия России и Руси имеющие понятийные формулы «Третьего Рима» и «Второго Иерусалима», их различия и противоречия, находящиеся в области религиозного и вне религиозного опыта, мессианских и эсхатологических воззрений, течений имперской стратегической концепции «переноса империи» и «замещения царств». Методом исторического анализа и сравнительных характеристик достигается вывод о могущем быть единстве существования светской (внерелигиозной) культуры и религии в одном государстве, при их автономности и наличия непонимания друг другом. Содержание исследования. Две концепции Рима и Иерусалима вышедшие из религиозной среды имели различные обоснования. Концепция Третьего Рима трансформировалась из рамок мессианского православного царства в политическую плоскость владения миром, другая –второго Иерусалима – осталась как опыт духовного совершенствования. При исследовании исторического пути Руси-России приходится признать, что трансформация концепций произошла под воздействием европейской безрелигиозной культуры, противопоставившей культуру и религиозные представления в смысле их разных природ – атеизма и теизма. Провозглашенные в начале 1960-х годов государственные планы по построению нового коммунистического общества подразумевали отказ верующих от «отсталых религиозных представлений» в пользу передовых и прогрессивных безрелигиозных. История показала, что эти планы не были реализованы ввиду потери мессианских представлений, заложенных в них изначально. Заключение. На основании опыта проведения государством попыток ликвидации церковных структур в СССР в 1960-1970-е годы делается вывод о безуспешности поглощения или «перевоспитания» усилиями атеистической пропаганды религиозных убеждений в обществе. Планы по созданию безрелигиозного коммунистического общества в СССР, имеющие первоначально мессианскую концепцию, до 1960-х годов перешли в область передовой экономики и культуры. Наряду с провозглашенными планами построения коммунизма в среде верующих жила идея «Святой Руси», которая из прежних столетий перешла в XXI век.
Довоенный период развития Эксплуатационно-технической службы отечественных ВВС: современная российская историография (1992 – 2020 гг.)
Creators: name: Аверченко Сергей Викторович
Publisher: name: Наука. Общество. Оборона
Year: 2020
Subjects: Первая мировая война
Гражданская война в России
межвоенный период
Военно-воздушные силы
ВВС
инженерно-авиационная служба
ИАС
эксплуатационно-техническая служба
ЭТС
авиационная техника
авиационный инженер

description: Введение. В настоящей статье предпринята попытка произвести обзор современной российской историографии развития эксплуатационно-технической службы Военно-воздушных сил России и СССР в 1910–1941 гг. Учитывая небольшое количество специальных работ по данной теме, автор рассматривал и комплексные труды по истории отечественных ВВС в целом, и работы по истории ВВС в отдельные периоды, в которых она затронута частично. Содержание. Проанализирован широкий пласт исторических работ, в той или иной мере касающихся истории эксплуатационно-технической службы ВВС: комплексные труды по истории ВВС, исследования по истории ВВС в разные периоды времени, немногочисленные работы по истории инженерно-авиационной службы, учебники и учебные пособия военных академий, биографические работы и доклады на научных конференциях. Показано, что современные российские историки уделили развитию эксплуатационно-технической службы ВВС в довоенный период больше внимания, чем их предшественники советского периода. Выделены некоторые комплексные работы, касающиеся темы исследования. Немногие работы, написанные непосредственно по теме, разобраны подробно. Заключение. Проанализирована степень изученности темы в современной российской исторической науке. В процессе исследования выделены наиболее и наименее разработанные аспекты темы. Сделаны выводы о причинах различного изучения разных сторон развития службы. Указаны объективные факторы, ограничивающие круг читателей разработанных военно-исторических трудов по указанной теме. Выделены лучшие труды по довоенной истории эксплуатационно-технической службы отечественных Военно-воздушных сил и наиболее изученные в рассматриваемый период аспекты темы, показаны направления, требующие дальнейших исследований.
Совершенствование инфраструктуры Тихоокеанского флота СССР (1960 – 1980-е гг.)
Creators: name: Семёнов Виктор Николаевич
Publisher: name: Наука. Общество. Оборона
Year: 2020
Subjects: Военно-морской флот России
Дальний Восток
Тихоокеанский флот
система базирования
система управление и связи
тыловое обеспечение
техническое обеспечение

description: Без развитой инфраструктуры флот не мог эффективно решать поставленные задачи, произвести развёртывание сил на театре военных действий. В статье на основе архивных данных и материалов историков рассмотрено как совершенствовалась инфраструктура: базирование, система управления, связь, система освещения обстановки, обеспечение технической готовности, их качественное и количественное изменение на фоне роста корабельного состава флота. В исследуемый период были построены новые пункты базирования в Приморье, Камчатке, Сахалинской области, а также пункты материально-технического обеспечения за рубежом (Вьетнам, Йемен, Эфиопия). Однако проблемы базирования так и не были до конца решены. Интенсивное развитие флота усложняло работу командующего Тихоокеанским флотом (ТОФ) и его штаба по управлению разнородными силами [9]. Поэтому в 1979 году ТОФ был переведён на опытную организацию, а с апреля 1982 г., когда целесообразность опытной организации была подтверждена деятельностью флота, флот был переведён на постоянную новую организацию. Для поддержания технической готовности кораблей и подводных лодок [11] были построены 8 судоремонтных заводов ВМФ, задействовано 34 крупных промышленных предприятия Дальнего Востока, развёрнута сеть судоремонтных мастерских. Но этого было недостаточно, что вело к срыву сроков постановки в ремонт и ремонта кораблей, как следствие приводило к снижению числа боеготовых кораблей.
MURCA driven Bulk viscosity in neutrino trapped baryonic matter
Creators: name: Sarkar, Sreemoyee
name: Nandi, Rana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine bulk viscosity, taking into account trapped neutrinos in baryonic matter, in the context of binary neutron star mergers. Following the merging event, the binary star can yield a remnant compact object with densities up to $5$ nuclear saturation density and temperature upto $50$ MeV resulting in the retention of neutrinos. We employ two relativistic mean field models, NL3 and DDME2, to describe the neutrino-trapped baryonic matter. The dissipation coefficient is determined by evaluating the Modified URCA interaction rate in the dense baryonic medium, and accounting for perturbations caused by density oscillations. We observe the resonant behavior of bulk viscosity as it varies with the temperature of the medium. The bulk viscosity peak remains within the temperature range of $\sim 13-50$ MeV, depending upon the underlying equation of states and lepton fractions. This temperature range corresponds to the relevant domain of binary neutron star mergers. We also note that in presence of neutrinos in the medium the bulk viscosity peak shifts towards higher temperature and the peak value of bulk viscosity also changes. The time scale of viscous dissipation is dictated by the beta-off-equilibrium susceptibilities derived from the nuclear equation of state. The resulting viscous decay time scale ranges from $32-100$ milliseconds, which aligns with the order of magnitude of the post-merger object's survival time in some specific scenarios.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures
End-tidal-to-arterial gas gradients during dynamic end-tidal forcing
Creators: name: Tymko, Michael Martin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The end-tidal gas partial pressure is often considered a surrogate for the partial pressure of arterial blood gas; however, in healthy humans an end-tidal-to-arterial gradient normally exists for O₂ (PET–PaO₂) and CO₂ (Pa–PETCO₂). We sought to determine if the Pa-PETCO₂ affects the measurement of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR), and whether it could be corrected for in subjects with (n=8) and without (n=7) a patent foramen ovale (PFO) during a CO₂ reactivity test. It was hypothesized that (1) the Pa-PETCO₂ would be greater in the background of hypoxia compared to normoxia during a CO₂ reactivity test, (2) the PET-PaCO₂ would be similar while the PET-PaO₂ gradient would be greater in those with a PFO, (3) the HCVR and CVR would be lower when plotted against PETCO₂ compared to PaCO₂, and (4) a PaCO₂ prediction algorithm will correct for the Pa-PETCO₂. PETCO₂ was controlled by dynamic end-tidal forcing in steady-state steps of -8, -4, 0, +4, and +8mmHg from baseline in normoxia (NX1; PETO2 = 94.3 ± 1.3 mmHg) and hypoxia (HX1; PETO₂ = 50.8 ± 0.1 mmHg). Tests were repeated following correction for the Pa-PETCO₂ (NX2 and HX2). Internal carotid artery blood flow (Q̇ICA), middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv) and temperature-corrected end-tidal and arterial blood gases were measured throughout each protocol. CVR was calculated using linear regression analysis in the hypocapnic and hypercapnic ranges by indexing the percent change in Q̇ICA, and MCAv against PETCO₂ and PaCO₂. In both conditions, a Pa-PETCO₂ was present in hypercapnia but not hypocapnia, and was unchanged by PFO (P>0.05), however, the PET-PaO₂ was greater in PFO+ participants in normoxia (P=0.003). Relative Q̇ICA CVR, MCAv CVR, and HCVR assessed using PETCO₂ were less compared to using PaCO₂ during both normoxia and hypoxia (P>0.05). A previously derived prediction equation minimized the difference between measured and predicted PaCO₂ during +4mmHg (NX2: 0.0 ± 0.2 mmHg, P=0.894; HX2: -0.2 ± 0.2 mmHg, P=0.403) and +8mmHg for HX2 (0.0 ± 0.3 mmHg, P=0.860). In conclusion, care must be taken when indexing reactivity measures to PETCO₂ compared to PaCO₂.
Process Variation-Aware Compact Model of Strip Waveguides for Photonic Circuit Simulation
Creators: name: James, Aneek
name: Rizzo, Anthony
name: Wang, Yuyang
name: Novick, Asher
name: Wang, Songli
name: Parsons, Robert
name: Jang, Kaylx
name: Hattink, Maarten
name: Bergman, Keren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a novel process variation-aware compact model of strip waveguides that is suitable for circuit-level simulation of waveguide-based process design kit (PDK) elements. The model is shown to describe both loss and -- using a novel expression for the thermo-optic effect in high index contrast materials -- the thermo-optic behavior of strip waveguides. A novel group extraction method enables modeling the effective index's ($n_{\mathrm{eff}}$) sensitivity to local process variations without the presumption of variation source. Use of Euler-bend Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) fabricated in a 300~mm wafer run allow model parameter extraction at widths up to 2.5~$μ$m (highly multi-mode) with strong suppression of higher-order mode excitation. Experimental results prove the reported model can self-consistently describe waveguide phase, loss, and thermo-optic behavior across all measured devices over an unprecedented range of optical bandwidth, waveguide widths, and temperatures.
title: Zum Tag des Gedenkens an die Opfer des Nationalsozialismus. Die Rede Marcel Reich-Ranickis vor dem deutschen Bundestag im Jahr 2012
Creators: name: Reich-Ranicki, Marcel
Publisher: name: ZZF - Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam e.V.
Year: 2019

description: Im Jahr 1996 erklärte der damalige Bundespräsident Roman Herzog den 27. Januar zum nationalen Gedenktag an die Opfer des Nationalsozialismus. Damit soll an den millionenfachen Mord, an Entrechtung, Verfolgung und Demütigung unter nationalsozialistischer Herrschaft erinnert werden. Das Datum bezieht sich auf die Befreiung der Überlebenden des deutschen Vernichtungslagers Auschwitz-Birkenau durch die Soldaten der Roten Armee. 
Aus diesem Anlass veranstaltet der Deutsche Bundestag jährlich eine Gedenkstunde. Die Gastrednerin in diesem Jahr ist Anita Lasker-Wallfisch, sie ist eine der letzten bekannten Überlebenden des Mädchenorchesters von Auschwitz und wird ihre Rede vor dem Bundestag am 31. Januar 2018 halten.

Als Erinnerung an den Gedenktag hat sich die Redaktion von Zeitgeschichte-online für die Veröffentlichung der Rede Marcel Reich-Ranickis vor dem deutschen Bundestag aus dem Jahre 2012 entschieden. Darin schildert er seine Erlebnisse im Warschauer Ghetto und den Beginn der Deportationen der jüdischen BewohnerInnen des Ghettos in das Vernichtungslager Treblinka.
Baudelaire nouvelliste
Creators: name: Fei, Han
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: La présente étude examine l’importance du genre de la nouvelle chez Baudelaire. Les recherches portent sur des textes primaires, la nouvelle et des essais de Baudelaire, des articles de critique littéraire et artistique, et des sources secondaires. La plupart des études faites jusqu’à présent focalisent sur la dimension autobiographique de La Fanfarlo et l’influence de Balzac. Vu que la nouvelle de Baudelaire a été publiée en 1847, dix ans avant la publication des Fleurs du mal, et qu’il n’a pas publié de nouvelle originale après celle-là, les critiques supposent que l’écrivain ait abandonné le genre. Ce mémoire vise à souligner que cette nouvelle de jeunesse renferme des idées essentielles de l’esthétique baudelairienne et que le genre de la nouvelle occupe une place incontournable dans l’œuvre de l’écrivain, même après 1847. Les premiers deux chapitres sont consacrés à La Fanfarlo, étudiant le contexte historique et des inspirations littéraires : celles de Balzac et de Théophile Gautier. Dans le deuxième chapitre, la comparaison entre La Fanfarlo et La Toison d’or, une nouvelle de Gautier datant de 1839, démontre l’influence peu étudiée de Gautier le nouvelliste sur Baudelaire. Le troisième chapitre révèle qu’en traduisant des nouvelles d’Edgar Poe de 1848 à 1865, Baudelaire continue à en écrire ou réécrire en langue française. Ce chapitre montre que Baudelaire n’a pas cessé d’être nouvelliste à sa façon après 1847, il a contribué à formuler la théorie moderne du genre et il a intégré des éléments nouvellistiques dans le poème en prose, un genre moderne et novateur dans lequel le poète cherche à concilier la poésie lyrique et la prose.
MHV amplitude for 3->3 gluon scattering in Regge limit
Creators: name: Bartels, J.
name: Lipatov, L. N.
name: Prygarin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate corrections to the BDS formula for the six-particle planar MHV amplitude for the gluon transition 3->3 in the multi-Regge kinematics for the physical region, in which the Regge pole ansatz is not valid. The remainder function at two loops is obtained by an analytic continuation of the expression derived by Goncharov, Spradlin, Vergu and Volovich to the kinematic region described by the Mandelstam singularity exchange in the crossing channel. It contains both the imaginary and real contributions being in agreement with the BFKL predictions. The real part of the three loop expression is found from a dispersion-like all-loop formula for the remainder function in the multi-Regge kinematics derived by one of the authors. We also make a prediction for the all-loop real part of the remainder function multiplied by the BDS phase, which can be accessible through calculations in the regime of the strong coupling constant.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
"Every Saturday at midnight," a novel : exegesis of "Every Saturday at midnight," a novel
Creators: name: Balko, Rachel Mary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: This thesis analyzes Judy Blume's 1975 young adult novel, "Forever," as a moral tale informed by Second Wave feminism as represented by Germaine Greer's "The Female Eunuch" (1971). The analysis finds that Blume's portrayal of Katherine and Michael's romance in "Forever" establishes a model of sexuality for teenaged girls to emulate, and that the moral that model espouses is a simple one: Sex without marriage is fine, but sex without love is not. The thesis concludes with a comparison of the author's own young adult novel, "Every Saturday at Midnight," with "Forever," specifically with regard to the challenges (or lack thereof) that each protagonist overcomes in navigating her first sexual relationship.
Enhancing the Accuracy of Density Functional Tight Binding Models Through ChIMES Many-body Interaction Potentials
Creators: name: Goldman, Nir
name: Fried, Laurence E.
name: Lindsey, Rebecca K.
name: Pham, C. Huy
name: Dettori, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semi-empirical quantum models such as Density Functional Tight Binding (DFTB) are attractive methods for obtaining quantum simulation data at longer time and length scales than possible with standard approaches. However, application of these models can require lengthy effort due to the lack of a systematic approach for their development. In this work, we discuss use of the Chebyshev Interaction Model for Efficient Simulation (ChIMES) to create rapidly parameterized DFTB models which exhibit strong transferability due to the inclusion of many-body interactions that might otherwise be inaccurate. We apply our modeling approach to silicon polymorphs and review previous work on titanium hydride. We also review creation of a general purpose DFTB/ChIMES model for organic molecules and compounds that approaches hybrid functional and coupled cluster accuracy with two orders of magnitude fewer parameters than similar neural network approaches. In all cases, DFTB/ChIMES yields similar accuracy to the underlying quantum method with orders of magnitude improvement in computational cost. Our developments provide a way to create computationally efficient and highly accurate simulations over varying extreme thermodynamic conditions, where physical and chemical properties can be difficult to interrogate directly and there is historically a significant reliance on theoretical approaches for interpretation and validation of experimental results.
description: 42 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables. In review for a special issue in J. Chem. Phys
The HH 24 Complex: Jets, Multiple Star Formation, and Orphaned Protostars
Creators: name: Reipurth, Bo
name: Bally, J.
name: Yen, Hsi-Wei
name: Arce, H. G.
name: Rodriguez, L. -F.
name: Raga, A. C.
name: Geballe, T. R.
name: Rao, R.
name: Comeron, F.
name: Mikkola, S.
name: Aspin, C. A.
name: Walawender, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The HH 24 complex harbors five collimated jets emanating from a small protostellar multiple system. We have carried out a multi-wavelength study of the jets, their driving sources, and the cloud core hosting the embedded stellar system, based on data from the HST, Gemini, Subaru, APO 3.5m, VLA, and ALMA telescopes. The data show that the multiple system, SSV 63, contains at least 7 sources, ranging in mass from the hydrogen-burning limit to proto-Herbig Ae stars. The stars are in an unstable non-hierarchical configuration, and one member, a borderline brown dwarf, is moving away from the protostellar system with 25 km/s, after being ejected about 5,800 yr ago as an orphaned protostar. Five of the embedded sources are surrounded by small, possibly truncated, disks resolved at 1.3 mm with ALMA. Proper motions and radial velocities imply jet speeds of 200-300 km/s. The two main HH 24 jets, E and C, form a bipolar jet system which traces the innermost portions of parsec-scale chains of Herbig-Haro and H2 shocks with a total extent of at least 3 parsec. H2CO and C18O observations show that the core has been churned and continuously fed by an infalling streamer. 13CO and 12CO trace compact, low-velocity, cavity walls carved by the jets and an ultra-compact molecular outflow from the most embedded object. Chaotic N-body dynamics likely will eject several more of these objects. The ejection of stars from their feeding zones sets their masses. Dynamical decay of non-hierarchical systems can thus be a major contributor to establishing the initial mass function.
description: 57 pages, 61 figures, 12 tables; accepted to Astron.J
Free energy and specific heat near a quantum critical point of a metal
Creators: name: Zhang, Shang-Shun
name: Berg, Erez
name: Chubukov, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze free energy and specific heat for fermions interacting with gapless bosons at a quantum-critical point (QCP) in a metal. We use the Luttinger-Ward-Eliashberg formula for the free energy in the normal state, which includes contributions from bosons, fermions, and their interaction, all expressed via fully dressed fermionic and bosonic propagators. The sum of the last two contributions is the free energy $F_γ$ of an effective low-energy model of fermions with boson-mediated dynamical 4-fermion interaction $V (Ω_m) \propto 1/|Ω_m|^γ$ (the $γ-$model). This purely electronic model has been used to analyze the interplay between non-Fermi liquid (non-FL) behavior and pairing near a QCP, which are both independent of the upper energy cutoff $Λ$. However, the specific heat $C_γ(T)$, obtained from $F_γ$, does depend on $Λ$. We argue that this dependence is spurious and cancels out, once we include the contribution from bosons. We compare our $C(T)$ with the one obtained within the $γ-$model using recently proposed regularization of $F_γ$. We argue that for $γ<1$, the full $C(T)$ and the regularized $C_γ(T)$ differ by a $γ-$dependent prefactor, while for $γ>1$, the full $C(T)$ is the sum of $ C_γ(T)$ and the specific heat of free bosons with fully dressed mass. For these $γ$, $C_γ(T)$ is negative. The authors of Ref. [1] argued that a negative $ C_γ(T)$ implies that the normal state becomes unstable at some distance to a QCP. In our calculation, both terms in $C(T)$ come from the same source, and $ C_γ(T)$ is smaller as long as vertex corrections can be safely neglected. We then argue that the normal state remains stable even at a QCP.
DEP Bulletin:Volume 39 Issue 22
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2015

description: The DEP bulletin is a semi-monthly publication of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. It contains a list of construction permit applications recently filed or acted upon by the Department along with a calendar of events of interest, a schedule of public hearings, and Environmental Impact Statements acted upon during the period.
Heartful inquiry : a parallactic approach to English language arts curriculum
Creators: name: Archacka, Natalia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Before I embark on explaining the structure of this work, I would like to invite my reader(s) to seek resonances and dissonances with the words read from the page. While this conceptual thesis is written as a triptych – a set of three artistic works intended to be appreciated together – the individual parts speak to autobiographical and heartographical ruminations within the existing literature, thereby supporting a parallactic approach to English Language Arts (ELA) curriculum. The autobiographical narrative is written in fragments. These stories of hopeful struggles, within schools as both a student and then an educator, are what have led me to become a language and literary researcher. While some may contest autobiographical writing in the academy, it is necessary to understand oneself in order to then understand the Other. The heartographical section is the pièce de résistance. It is the centerpiece of this thesis as the heart is the single life-giving organ from which everything flows; it fills the fissures of the earth and brings light-full hope amid the despair of darkness. This piece will bridge some of the ellipsis seen in the fragments and the telling rather than showing a parallactic approach to ELA curriculum. The heartographical is the prominent present – pedagogically, philosophically and poetically – pulsing through the personal and the collective while heeding the past and questing without certitude courageously into the future. It is a place where the artist does not heed time or space in unleashing their inner spirit-between the experiences of the artist, researcher, and teacher. A/r/tography is an arts-based methodology that examines the contiguous relationship between and among the three identities. The slashes in-between the three identities present an interstitial space that I, as a neophyte to a/r/tography, have come to know as a place of responsibility to acknowledge that one never dwells only within one of these identities. As such, art, in its various forms, is always an invitation and a gift that passes on learned lessons from one person to another, from one place and time to another.