cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interference of Instanton Trajectories in Quantum Tunneling for Small Particles of Real Antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Ivanov, B. A.
name: Kireev, V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a two-sublattice antiferromagnet the Lagrangian is constructed taking into account Berry phase whose form is matched to the quantum-mechanical Heisenberg Hamiltonian. Tunnel effects are analyzed taking into account the crystallographic symmetry and possible types of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. It is shown that, when the real magnetic symmetry and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction are taken into consideration, the effects of a destructive instanton interference and the suppression of macroscopic quantum tunneling can play an essential role. It also may lead to a periodic dependence of the ground-state level splitting on the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction constant; the magnitude of this splitting is calculated.
description: 12 pages, 1 table
Structure of the space of ground states in systems with non-amenable symmetries
Creators: name: Niedermaier, M.
name: Seiler, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate classical spin systems in $d\geq 1$ dimensions whose transfer operator commutes with the action of a nonamenable unitary representation of a symmetry group, here ${\rm SO}(1,N)$; these systems may alternatively be interpreted as systems of interacting quantum mechanical particles moving on hyperbolic spaces. In sharp contrast to the analogous situation with a compact symmetry group the following results are found and proven: (i) Spontaneous symmetry breaking already takes place for finite spatial volume/finitely many particles and even in dimensions $d=1,2$. The tuning of a coupling/temperature parameter cannot prevent the symmetry breaking. (ii) The systems have infinitely many non-invariant and non-normalizable generalized ground states. (iii) the linear space spanned by these ground states carries a distinguished unitary representation of ${\rm SO}(1,N)$, the limit of the spherical principal series. (iv) The properties (i)--(iii) hold universally, irrespective of the details of the interaction.
description: 85 pages, to appear in Commun. Math. Phys.. Some typographical and other small errors corrected; remarks about supermanifold versions as well as references to them added
title: Can stochastic weight averaging improve generalization in private learning?
Creators: name: Indri, Patrick
name: Drucks, Tamara
name: Gärtner, Thomas
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: differential privacy
stochastic weight averaging
generalization

description: https://openreview.net/forum?id=cFg42_Sq0F
description: We investigate stochastic weight averaging (SWA) for private learning in the context of generalization and model performance. Differentially private (DP) optimizers are known to suffer from reduced performance and high variance in comparison to non-private learning. However, the generalization properties of DP optimizers have not been studied much, in particular for large-scale machine learning models. SWA is variant of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) which averages the weights along the SGD trajectory. We consider a DP adaptation of SWA (DP-SWA) which incurs no additional privacy cost and has little computational overhead. For quadratic objective functions, we show that DP-SWA converges to the optimum at the same rate as non-private SGD, which implies convergence to zero for the excess risk. For non-convex objective functions, we observe throughout multiple experiments on standard benchmark datasets that averaging model weights improves generalization, model accuracy, and performance variance.
Examining the $N$ = 28 shell closure through high-precision mass measurements of $^{46-48}$Ar
Creators: name: Mougeot, Maxime
name: Atanasov, Dinko
name: Barbieri, Carlo
name: Blaum, Klaus
name: Breitenfeld, Martin
name: de Roubin, Antoine
name: Duguet, Thomas
name: George, Sebastian
name: Herfurth, Frank
name: Herlert, Alexander
name: Holt, Jason D.
name: Karthein, Jonas
name: Lunney, David
name: Manea, Vladimir
name: Navràtil, Petr
name: Neidherr, Dennis
name: Rosenbusch, Marco
name: Schweikhard, Lutz
name: Schwenk, Achim
name: Somà, Vittorio
name: Welker, Andree
name: Wienholtz, Frank
name: Wolf, Robert N.
name: Zuber, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strength of the $N$ = 28 magic number in neutron-rich argon isotopes is examined through high-precision mass measurements of $^{46-48}$Ar, performed with the ISOLTRAP mass spectrometer at ISOLDE/CERN. The new mass values are up to 90 times more precise than previous measurements. While they suggest the persistence of the $N$ = 28 shell closure for argon, we show that this conclusion has to be nuanced in light of the wealth of spectroscopic data and theoretical investigations performed with the \emph{SDPF-U} phenomenological shell model interaction. Our results are also compared with \emph{ab initio} calculations using the Valence Space In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group and the Self-Consistent Green's Function approaches. Both calculations provide a very good account of mass systematics at and around $Z$ = 18 and, generally, a consistent description of the physics in this region. This combined analysis indicates that $^{46}$Ar is the transition between the closed-shell $^{48}$Ca and collective $^{44}$S.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures
title: Out of equilibrium thermal Casimir force and how to measure it
Creators: name: Sedmik, Rene
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: Casimir effect
thermal radiation
Cannex

description: The Casimir effect is the only quantum effect manifesting as a force between macroscopic objects. In more than two decades of experimental research, many aspects of Casimir forces sourced by vacuum fluctuations have been investigated. However, much less data are available on the contribution of thermal photons. When the interacting bodies have different temperatures, the Casimir force receives an additional contribution which is anti-symmetric with respect to these temperatures, and a contribution corresponding to thermal radiation pressure. The CANNEX setup is the only metrological force measurement device capable of detecting Casimir forces between plane-parallel plates in the thermal regime out of thermal equilibrium with a high signal-to-noise ratio. For the first time, it is possible to quantitatively detect the anti-symmetric contribution as well as thermal radiation pressure. In this talk, I will give a status report regarding measurements of thermal Casimir forces and CANNEX, as well as an outlook on results expected within the next few years.
Anomalous transport in the soft-sphere Lorentz model
Creators: name: Petersen, Charlotte F.
name: Franosch, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sensitivity of anomalous transport in crowded media to the form of the inter-particle interactions is investigated through computer simulations. We extend the highly simplified Lorentz model towards realistic natural systems by modeling the interactions between the tracer and the obstacles with a smooth potential. We find that the anomalous transport at the critical point happens to be governed by the same universal exponent as for hard exclusion interactions, although the mechanism of how narrow channels are probed is rather different. The scaling behavior of simulations close to the critical point confirm this exponent. Our result indicates that the simple Lorentz model may be applicable to describing the fundamental properties of long-range transport in real crowded environments.
International Rules, Food Safety and the Poor Developing Country Livestock Producer
Creators: name: Nelson, Michael Byron
name: Nelson, Michael Byron
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The present study is a part of the PPLPI effort to identify significant political and institutional factors and processes that currently hinder or prevent the poor in developing countries from taking greater advantage of opportunities to benefit from their livestock resources. The rapid development of international sanitary and phytosanitary standards have been identified as an important factor and further research is needed in this area. This study focuses on what can be done to make international rule-making friendlier to poor livestock producer interests. To identify strategic entry points for those wishing to make international rule-making friendlier to poor livestock producers this study: (a) describes and analyzes the international environment that states and other actors face when seeking to influence international food safety rules; (b) discusses the roles played by states and other actors in creating and enforcing those rules; and (c) analyzes a series of cases involving international rule-making for livestock food products. Recommendations for making international rule-making friendlier to poor producers consider two perspectives: that of the producer and that of the national delegates participating in the international rule-making process. From the perspective of poor producers and their advocates the primary route to influencing international rule-making is by influencing their own country's position in international organizations. However, developing country governments are not yet taking full advantage of the options for representing their own interests in international rule-making. Important activities they should engage in include: greater coordination at the national level among ministries and individuals responsible for developing policy positions in all international food safety organizations; improving the quality and quantity of delegations to international organizations; forming alliances with other similarly-situated countries on issues of particular concern; and lobbying for technical assistance to comply with international standards and with a goal of complying with private international standards as well. In general, the study concludes that developing countries can do much more to address the interests of their poor producers.
Promises and Pitfalls of Intersectional Politics: The Black Coalition for Rights in Brazil
Creators: name: Costa, Sérgio
name: Rios, Flavia
name: Baldraia, Fernando
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: racism and antiracism
subject: intersectionality
subject: Brazil
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Based on evidence collected in a collaborative research project, this article studies the Black Coalition for Rights created in Brazil in 2019. Compared to previous experiences of antiracist struggles in Brazil, the Coalition stands out for its decentralized organization, its ability to convey political content through adequate aesthetic forms, its capillarity in the domestic sphere, and its transnational articulations. Equally striking is its intersectional character understood as both the emphasis on the transversal character of racism and the stress of the interdependent character of social struggles against different forms of inequalities (with regard to gender, race, class, etc.). The Coalition has so far proven to be particularly successful in terms of its mobilization capacity, its public visibility, and its agenda-setting power. According to our preliminary findings, its success can be explained, to a great extent, by its ability to vocalize a broad set of political claims and, consequently, to fill the gap left by other civil society actors demobilized by the far right-wing backlash in Brazil and the pandemic. Since January 2023, in the context of a new progressive government, the Coalition has started facing difficulties in preserving its intersectional and socially encompassing character.
Erosion waves: transverse instabilities and fingering
Creators: name: Malloggi, F.
name: Lanuza, J.
name: Andreotti, B.
name: Clément, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two laboratory scale experiments of dry and under-water avalanches of non-cohesive granular materials are investigated. We trigger solitary waves and study the conditions under which the front is transversally stable. We show the existence of a linear instability followed by a coarsening dynamics and finally the onset of a fingering pattern. Due to the different operating conditions, both experiments strongly differ by the spatial and time scales involved. Nevertheless, the quantitative agreement between the stability diagram, the wavelengths selected and the avalanche morphology reveals a common scenario for an erosion/deposition process.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PRL
Developing Countries and the Global Dairy Sector Part I Global Overview
Creators: name: Knips, Vivien
name: Knips, Vivien
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Globally, the dairy sector is probably one of the most distorted agricultural sectors: producer subsidies are in place in many developed countries, encouraging surplus production, export subsidies are paid by governments to place the excess production on the world markets, and tariff and non-tariff barriers are erected both by developed and developing countries to protect their dairy sector from 'unfair' competition. These market distortions are having significant and different impacts on producers and consumers in developing and developed countries, which are however extremely difficult to quantify. This paper is the first volume of a study on the impacts of global dairy trade on developing countries, giving an overview of global dairy production, consumption, industry structure, trade, applied policies and international standards. Different developments are occurring in the global dairy sector at the moment: Production in developed countries is falling (together with the number of dairy cows and farms), while productivity is rising. Simultaneously milk production in developing countries is growing strongly and numbers of cows are increasing. This development is mirrored in consumption. Dairy consumption levels in developed countries are constant or falling, whereas in many developing countries, foremost in East and Southeast Asia and driven by population growth and growing per capita incomes, dairy consumption is rapidly increasing. With consumer demand in developing countries rising faster than domestic production, global dairy trade volumes are increasing as well with import demand of developing countries being the major driver. In the second volume of the study, the dairy sectors of six developing countries (Bangladesh, Jamaica, Peru, Senegal, Tanzania and Thailand) will be analyzed in order to identify the impacts of (subsidized) milk powder imports on milk producers and consumers.
See attached description of supplementary materials file from A simulated single ventilator/dual patient ventilation strategy for acute respiratory distress syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Solís-Lemus, José A.
name: Costar, Edward
name: Doorly, Denis
name: Kerrigan, Eric C.
name: Kennedy, Caroline H.
name: Tait, Frances
name: Niederer, Steven
name: Vincent, Peter E.
name: Williams, Steven E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biological Engineering

description: The potential for acute shortages of ventilators at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic has raised the possibility of needing to support two patients from a single ventilator. To provide a system for understanding and prototyping designs, we have developed a mathematical model of two patients supported by a mechanical ventilator. We propose a standard set-up where we simulate the introduction of T-splitters to supply air to two patients and a modified set-up where we introduce a variable resistance in each inhalation pathway and one-way valves in each exhalation pathway. Using the standard set-up, we demonstrate that ventilating two patients with mismatched lung compliances from a single ventilator will lead to clinically significant reductions in tidal volume in the patient with the lowest respiratory compliance. Using the modified set-up, we demonstrate that it could be possible to achieve the same tidal volumes in two patients with mismatched lung compliances, and we show that the tidal volume of one patient can be manipulated independently of the other. The results indicate that, with appropriate modifications, two patients could be supported from a single ventilator with independent control of tidal volumes.
Mechanistic Insights into Electronic Current Flow through Quinone Devices
Creators: name: Conrad, Lawrence
name: Alcón, Isaac
name: Tremblay, Jean Christophe
name: Paulus, Beate
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: non-equilibrium Green’s function
subject: Landauer formula
subject: quinones
subject: local currents
subject: graphene nanoribbons
subject: nanoelectronics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Molecular switches based on functionalized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are of great interest in the development of nanoelectronics. In experiment, it was found that a significant difference in the conductance of an anthraquinone derivative can be achieved by altering the pH value of the environment. Building on this, in this work we investigate the underlying mechanism behind this effect and propose a general design principle for a pH based GNR-based switch. The electronic structure of the investigated systems is calculated using density functional theory and the transport properties at the quasi-stationary limit are described using nonequilibrium Green’s function and the Landauer formalism. This approach enables the examination of the local and the global transport through the system. The electrons are shown to flow along the edges of the GNRs. The central carbonyl groups allow for tunable transport through control of the oxidation state via the pH environment. Finally, we also test different types of GNRs (zigzag vs. armchair) to determine which platform provides the best transport switchability.
Short- and long-term evaluation of disease-specific symptoms and quality of life following uterine artery embolization of fibroids
Creators: name: Psilopatis, Iason
name: Fleckenstein, Florian Nima
name: Collettini, Federico
name: Can, Elif
name: Frisch, Anne
name: Gebauer, Bernhard
name: Fehrenbach, Uli
name: Torsello, Giovanni Federico
name: Schnapauff, Dirk
name: David, Matthias
name: Wieners, Gero
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quality of life
subject: Uterine leiomyoma
subject: UFS-QoL questionnaire
subject: Response to treatment
subject: Interventional radiology
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate uterine artery embolization (UAE) for the management of symptomatic uterine leiomyomas regarding changes in quality of life after treatment in a large patient collective. This study retrospectively analyzed prospectively acquired standardized questionnaires of patients treated with UAE. Clinical success was evaluated before and after embolization. Patients were stratified into short- (<= 7 months) and long-term (>7 months) follow-up groups depending on the time of completion of the post-interventional questionnaire. Uterine leiomyomas were furthermore divided into small (<10 cm) and large (>= 10 cm) tumors based on the diameter of the dominant fibroid. Results: A total of 245 patients were included into the final data analysis. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a cumulative clinical success rate of 75.8% after 70 months until the end of follow-up (9.9 years). All questionnaire subscales showed a highly significant clinical improvement from baseline to short- and long-term follow-up (p < 0.001). Patients with small fibroids showed a significantly better response to UAE in multiple subcategories of the questionnaire than patients with fibroids >= 10 cm who had a twofold higher probability of re-intervention in the Cox-regression model. Conclusions: UAE is an effective treatment method for symptomatic fibroids that leads to quick relief of fibroid-related symptoms with marked improvement of quality of life and is associated with a low risk for re-interventions. Patients with small fibroids tend to show a better response to UAE compared to patients with large fibroids.
Bright single photon sources in lateral silicon carbide light emitting diodes
Creators: name: Widmann, Matthias
name: Niethammer, Matthias
name: Makino, Takahiro
name: Rendler, Torsten
name: Lasse, Stefan
name: Ohshima, Takeshi
name: Hassan, Jawad Ul
name: Son, Nguyen Tien
name: Lee, Sang-Yun
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-photon emitting devices have been identified as an important building block for applications in quantum information and quantum communication. They allow to transduce and collect quantum information over a long distance via photons as so called flying qubits. In addition, substrates like silicon carbide provides an excellent material platform for electronic devices. In this work we combine these two features and show that one can drive single photon emitters within a silicon carbide p-i-n-diode. To achieve this, we specifically designed a lateral oriented diode. We find a variety of new color centers emitting non-classical lights in VIS and NIR range. One type of emitter can be electrically excited, demonstrating that silicon carbide can act as an ideal platform for electrically controllable single photon sources.
Methods for the Assessment of Livestock Development Interventions in Smallholder Livestock Systems
Creators: name: Rushton, Jonathan
name: Rushton, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Livestock
subject: animal
subject: production
subject: health
subject: interventions
subject: prioritisation
subject: modelling
subject: households
subject: Bolivia
subject: Kenya
subject: India

description: This Working Paper presents a framework for assessing the impact of livestock diseases on the household economy and at local level. The framework is designed to help decision and policy makers in their selection of pro-poor livestock interventions. It should also help to protect them from making decisions under unwanted pressure from strong, non-objective political voices. The immediate users of the assessment methods presented in the Working Paper are expected to be consultants who have to evaluate interventions on behalf of their clients. These clients may be multi and bi lateral donors and, possibly, NGOs. Other users of the output could be governments receiving aid and communities receiving support. The author has drawn upon past experience to provide case histories to illustrate how the methods work in practice but he acknowledges that input from others working in this field will be important. Not only will further development work be required on the methods themselves, but it will be important to present the analysis and results in a format that is attractive and easily understood by policy makers. The Paper proposes a methodology that involves, initially, a rapid assessment to identify potential interventions and select the most promising for further analysis. Secondly, methods are proposed for making a more rigorous assessment of the selected interventions. Household and local economy models are used to determine their likely impact. The final step would involve implementing a selected intervention and then monitoring its impact. The results will refine the models and provide useful data for future policy making. The many flow charts, matrices, tables and figures that illustrate the conceptual framework that is the core of this Working Paper will be of special interest to those working on household economy modelling as a means to assess the pro-poor impact of livestock policies at local and regional level.
Imaging intensive care patients: multidisciplinary conferences as a quality improvement initiative to reduce medical error
Creators: name: Muench, Gloria
name: Witham, Denis
name: Rubarth, Kerstin
name: Zimmermann, Elke
name: Marz, Susanne
name: Praeger, Damaris
name: Wegener, Viktor
name: Nee, Jens
name: Dewey, Marc
name: Pohlan, Julian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quality improvement
subject: Intensive care units
subject: Critical care
subject: Interdisciplinary communication
subject: Feedback
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Strategies to identify imaging-related error and minimise its consequences are important in the management of critically ill patients. A new quality management (QM) initiative for radiological examinations has been implemented in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. In regular multidisciplinary conferences (MDCs), radiologists and ICU physicians re-evaluate recent examinations. Structured bilateral feedback is provided to identify errors early. This study aims at investigating its impact on the occurrence of QM events (imaging-related errors). Standardised protocols of all MDCs from 1st of June 2018 through 31st of December 2019 were analysed with regard to categories of QM events (i.e. indication, procedure, report) and resulting consequences. Results: We analysed 241 MDCs with a total of 973 examinations. 14.0% (n = 136/973) of examinations were affected by QM events. The majority of events were report-related (76.3%, n = 106/139, e.g. misinterpreted finding), followed by procedure-related (18.0%, n = 25/139, e.g. technical issue) and indication-related events (5.8%, n = 8/139, e.g. faulty indication). The median time until identification of a QM event (time to MDC) was 2 days (interquartile range = 2). Comparing the first to the second half of the intervention period, the incidence of QM events decreased significantly from 22.9% (n = 109/476) to 6.0% (n = 30/497) (p < 0.0001). Significance of this effect was confirmed by linear regression (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Establishing structured discussion and feedback between radiologists and intensive care physicians in the form of MDCs is associated with a statistically significant reduction in QM events. These results indicate that MDCs may be one suitable approach to timely identify imaging-related error.
Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Volume 8: Farmer Cooperatives
Creators: name: Richardson, Ralph M.
name: Richardson, Ralph M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Cooperatives
subject: statistics
subject: business volume
subject: memberships
subject: balance sheet
subject: net margins

description: This volume describes the content, scope, and construction of statistics published by the Agricultural Cooperative Service. It includes information on changes in content and scope since the beginning of the series. It outlines statistical procedures and limitations of the series and lists available publications.
description: This set of 12 volumes on the Major Statistical Series of the US, Department of Agriculture (Agriculture Handbook No. 671) is the second revision that supersedes the original volumes published during 1957-60. The first revision was completed in 1972.
Using Tabu Search Algorithm for Map Generation in the Terra Mystica Tabletop Game
Creators: name: Grichshenko, Alexandr
name: de Araujo, Luiz Jonata Pires
name: Gimaeva, Susanna
name: Brown, Joseph Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tabu Search (TS) metaheuristic improves simple local search algorithms (e.g. steepest ascend hill-climbing) by enabling the algorithm to escape local optima points. It has shown to be useful for addressing several combinatorial optimization problems. This paper investigates the performance of TS and considers the effects of the size of the Tabu list and the size of the neighbourhood for a procedural content generation, specifically the generation of maps for a popular tabletop game called Terra Mystica. The results validate the feasibility of the proposed method and how it can be used to generate maps that improve existing maps for the game.
't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles in non-Hermitian quantum field theory
Creators: name: Fring, Andreas
name: Taira, Takanobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct exact t Hooft-Polyakov monopole solutions in a non-Hermitian field theory with local non-Abelian SU(2) gauge symmetry and a modified antilinear CPT symmetry. The solutions are obtained in a fourfold Bogomolny-Prasad-Sommerfield scaling limit giving rise to two different types of monopole masses that saturate the lower energy bound. These two masses only coincide in the Hermitian limit and in the limit in which the symmetry breaking vacuum tends to the trivial symmetry preserving vacuum. In the two theories corresponding to the two known Dyson maps these two masses are exchanged, unlike the Higgs and the gauge masses, which remain the same in both theories. We identify three separate regions in parameter space bounded by different types of exceptional points. In the first region the monopole masses are finite and tend both to zero at the boundary exceptional point, in the second the monopole masses become complex and in the third only one of the monopole masses becomes zero at the boundary exceptional point, whereas the other tends to infinity. We find a self-dual point in parameter space at which the gauge mass becomes exactly identical to the monopole mass.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Superior control of inflammatory pain by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 via opioid peptides in distinct pain-relevant brain areas
Creators: name: Mousa, Shaaban A.
name: Khalefa, Baled I.
name: Shaqura, Mohammed
name: Al-Madol, Mohammed
name: Treskatsch, Sascha
name: Schäfer, Michael
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Inflammatory pain
subject: Corticotropin-releasing factor
subject: Brain
subject: Opioid peptide
subject: Immunofluorescence
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Under inflammatory conditions, the activation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor has been shown to inhibit pain through opioid peptide release from immune cells or neurons. CRF's effects on human and animal pain modulation depend, however, on the distribution of its receptor subtypes 1 and 2 (CRF-R1 and CRF-R2) along the neuraxis of pain transmission. The objective of this study is to investigate the respective role of each CRF receptor subtype on centrally administered CRF-induced antinociception during inflammatory pain. Methods: The present study investigated the role of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) CRF receptor agonists on nociception and the contribution of cerebral CRF-R1 and/or CRF-R2 subtypes in an animal model of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced hind paw inflammation. Methods used included behavioral experiments, immunofluorescence confocal analysis, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Intracerebroventricular, but systemically inactive, doses of CRF elicited potent, dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in inflammatory pain which were significantly antagonized by i.c.v. CRF-R1-selective antagonist NBI 27914 (by approximately 60%) but less by CRF-R2-selective antagonist K41498 (by only 20%). In line with these findings, i.c.v. administration of CRF-R1 agonist stressin I produced superior control of inflammatory pain over CRF-R2 agonist urocortin-2. Intriguingly, i.c.v. opioid antagonist naloxone significantly reversed the CRF as well as CRF-R1 agonist-elicited pain inhibition. Consistent with existing evidence of high CRF concentrations in brain areas such as the thalamus, hypothalamus, locus coeruleus, and periaqueductal gray following its i.c.v. administration, double-immunofluorescence confocal microscopy demonstrated primarily CRF-R1-positive neurons that expressed opioid peptides in these pain-relevant brain areas. Finally, PCR analysis confirmed the predominant expression of the CRF-R1 over CRF-R2 in representative brain areas such as the hypothalamus. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest that CRF-R1 in opioid-peptide-containing brain areas plays an important role in the modulation of inflammatory pain and may be a useful therapeutic target for inflammatory pain control.
New Axisymmetric Stationary Solutions of Five-dimensional Vacuum Einstein Equations with Asymptotic Flatness
Creators: name: Mishima, Takashi
name: Iguchi, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New axisymmetric stationary solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations in five-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetimes are obtained by using solitonic solution-generating techniques. The new solutions are shown to be equivalent to the four-dimensional multi-solitonic solutions derived from particular class of four-dimensional Weyl solutions and to include different black rings from those obtained by Emparan and Reall.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures;typos corrected, presentations improved, references added;accepted version
D2.2: Cross-Border Collaboration Models – The Nordic Experience
Creators: name: Kontkanen, Pirjo
name: Rasmussen, Troels
name: Hammargren, Per-Olov
name: Riungu-Kalliosaari, Leah
name: Fischer, Lars
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: EOSC-Nordic

description: This document is a deliverable of the EOSC-Nordic project supported by the European Commission under Horizon 2020. The deliverable is the work of Work Package two, Policies, legal issues and sustainability. This document discusses past experience of organising cross-border research, research infrastructure collaboration and access to research and infrastructure resources in the Nordic and Baltic region. It offers lessons learned with a view to the potential impact on the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC). Especially governance, resource sharing, coordination & harmonisation of policies, as well as cross-border funding are discussed. The document assesses the past developments against the anticipated EOSC model and provides recommendations on how to further develop cross-collaboration in relation to EOSC.
description: DRAFT NOT YET APPROVED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Admissible surfaces in progressive addition lenses
Creators: name: Barbero, Sergio
name: González, María del Mar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Progressive addition lenses contain a surface of spatially-varying curvature, which provides variable optical power for different viewing areas over the lens. We derive complete compatibility equations that provide the exact magnitude of cylinder along lines of curvatures on any arbitrary PAL smooth surface. These equations reveal that, contrary to current knowledge, cylinder, and its derivative, does not only depend on principal curvature and its derivatives along the principal line but also on the geodesic curvature and its derivatives along the line orthogonal to the principal line. We quantify the relevance of the geodesic curvature through numerical computations. We also derive an extended and exact Minkwitz theorem only restricted to be applied along lines of curvatures, but excluding umbilical points.
Spermidine reduces neuroinflammation and soluble amyloid beta in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Creators: name: Freitag, Kiara
name: Sterczyk, Nele
name: Wendlinger, Sarah
name: Obermayer, Benedikt
name: Schulz, Julia
name: Farztdinov, Vadim
name: Mülleder, Michael
name: Ralser, Markus
name: Houtman, Judith
name: Fleck, Lara
name: Braeuning, Caroline
name: Sansevrino, Roberto
name: Hoffmann, Christian
name: Milovanovic, Dragomir
name: Sigrist, Stephan J.
name: Conrad, Thomas
name: Beule, Dieter
name: Heppner, Frank L.
name: Jendrach, Marina
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Alzheimer's disease
subject: Neuroinflammation
subject: Microglia
subject: Astrocytes
subject: Autophagy
subject: Spermidine
subject: Dietary supplement
subject: Single nuclei sequencing
subject: Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
subject: Phagocytosis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Deposition of amyloid beta (A beta) and hyperphosphorylated tau along with glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation are prominent pathogenic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, impairment of autophagy has been identified as another important feature contributing to AD progression. Therefore, the potential of the autophagy activator spermidine, a small body-endogenous polyamine often used as dietary supplement, was assessed on A beta pathology and glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation. Results: Oral treatment of the amyloid prone AD-like APPPS1 mice with spermidine reduced neurotoxic soluble A beta and decreased AD-associated neuroinflammation. Mechanistically, single nuclei sequencing revealed AD-associated microglia to be the main target of spermidine. This microglia population was characterized by increased AXL levels and expression of genes implicated in cell migration and phagocytosis. A subsequent proteome analysis of isolated microglia confirmed the anti-inflammatory and cytoskeletal effects of spermidine in APPPS1 mice. In primary microglia and astrocytes, spermidine-induced autophagy subsequently affected TLR3- and TLR4-mediated inflammatory processes, phagocytosis of A beta and motility. Interestingly, spermidine regulated the neuroinflammatory response of microglia beyond transcriptional control by interfering with the assembly of the inflammasome. Conclusions: Our data highlight that the autophagy activator spermidine holds the potential to enhance A beta degradation and to counteract glia-mediated neuroinflammation in AD pathology.
Super-acceleration on the Brane by Energy Flow from the Bulk
Creators: name: Cai, Rong-Gen
name: Gong, Yungui
name: Wang, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a brane cosmological model with energy exchange between brane and bulk. Parameterizing the energy exchange term by the scale factor and Hubble parameter, we are able to exactly solve the modified Friedmann equation on the brane. In this model, the equation of state for the effective dark energy has a transition behavior changing from $w_{de}^{eff}>-1$ to $w_{de}^{eff}-1$. Fitting data from type Ia supernova, Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, our universe is predicted now in the state of super-acceleration with $w_{de0}^{eff}=-1.21$.
description: Revtex, 11 pages including 2 figures,v2: tpos fixed, references added, to appear in JCAP
Experimental study of speckle patterns generated by low-coherence semiconductor laser light
Creators: name: Halpaap, Donatus
name: Marconi, Mathias
name: Hernandez, Romain
name: Yacomotti, Alejandro
name: Tiana-Alsina, Jordi
name: Masoller, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Speckle is a wave interference phenomenon that has been studied in various fields, including optics, hydrodynamics and acoustics. Speckle patterns contain spectral information of the interfering waves, and of the scattering medium that generates the pattern. Here we study experimentally the speckle patterns generated by the light emitted by two types of semiconductor lasers: conventional laser diodes, where we induce low-coherence emission by optical feedback or by pump current modulation, and coupled nanolasers. In both cases we analyze the intensity statistics of the respective speckle patterns to inspect the degree of coherence of the light. We show that that speckle analysis provides a non-spectral way to assess the coherence of semiconductor laser light.
Pleural effusions are associated with adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery: a propensity-matched analysis
Creators: name: Schiefenhövel, Fridtjof
name: Poncette, Akira-Sebastian
name: Boyle, Edward M.
name: Heymann, Christian Von
name: Menk, Mario
name: Vorderwülbecke, Gerald
name: Grubitzsch, Herko
name: Treskatsch, Sascha
name: Balzer, Felix
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pleural effusions
subject: Cardiac surgery
subject: Mortality
subject: Outcomes
subject: Postoperative
subject: Intensive care unit
subject: Intensive care medicine
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Pleural effusions commonly occur in patients recovering from cardiac surgery; however, the impact on outcomes is not well characterized. The purpose of this study is to characterize the clinical outcomes of cardiac surgery patients with pleural effusion. Methods: All patients undergoing cardiac surgery between 2006 and 2019 at a tertiary care university hospital were included in this observational, cross-sectional analysis using propensity matching. Results: Of 11,037 patients that underwent cardiac surgery during the study period, 6461 (58.5%) had no pleural effusion (Group 0), 3322 (30.1%) had pleural effusion only (Group 1), and 1254 (11.4%) required at least one secondary drainage procedure after the index operation (Group 2). After propensity matching, the mortality of patients who underwent secondary drainage procedures was 6.1% higher than in Group 1 (p < 0.001). Intensive care unit (ICU) stay was longer for those with pleural effusions (18 [IQR 9-32] days in Group 2, 10 [IQR 6-17] days for Group 1, and 7 [IQR 4-11] days for Group 0, p < 0.001). Patients with pleural effusions had a higher incidence of hemodialysis (246 [20.0%] in Group 2, 137 [11.1%] in Group 1, 98 [7.98%] in Group 0), and a longer ventilation time in the ICU (57 [IQR 21.0-224.0] hours in Group 2, 25.0 [IQR 14.0-58.0] hours in Group 1, 16.0 [IQR 10.0-29.0] hours in Group 0). Conclusion: Pleural effusions, especially those that require a secondary drainage procedure during recovery, are associated with significantly worse outcomes including increased mortality, longer length of stay, and higher complication rates. These insights may be of great interest to scientists, clinicians, and industry leaders alike to foster research into innovative methods for preventing and treating pleural effusions with the aim of improving outcomes for patients recovering from cardiac surgery.
Prospective Prediction of Future SARS-CoV-2 Infections Using Empirical Data on a National Level to Gauge Response Effectiveness
Creators: name: Blanco, Natalia
name: Stafford, Kristen
name: Lavoie, Marie-Claude
name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Gorna, Maria W.
name: Merski, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Predicting an accurate expected number of future COVID-19 cases is essential to properly evaluate the effectiveness of any treatment or preventive measure. This study aimed to identify the most appropriate mathematical model to prospectively predict the expected number of cases without any intervention. The total number of cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in 28 countries was analyzed and fitted to several simple rate models including the logistic, Gompertz, quadratic, simple square, and simple exponential growth models. The resulting model parameters were used to extrapolate predictions for more recent data. While the Gompertz growth models (mean R2 = 0.998) best fitted the current data, uncertainties in the eventual case limit made future predictions with logistic models prone to errors. Of the other models, the quadratic rate model (mean R2 = 0.992) fitted the current data best for 25 (89 %) countries as determined by R2 values. The simple square and quadratic models accurately predicted the number of future total cases 37 and 36 days in advance respectively, compared to only 15 days for the simple exponential model. The simple exponential model significantly overpredicted the total number of future cases while the quadratic and simple square models did not. These results demonstrated that accurate future predictions of the case load in a given country can be made significantly in advance without the need for complicated models of population behavior and generate a reliable assessment of the efficacy of current prescriptive measures against disease spread.
description: 20 pages, 2 tables, 3 figures followed by 12 pages of supporting information
Nernst Effect and Superconducting Fluctuations in Zn-doped YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-δ}$
Creators: name: Xu, Z. A.
name: Shen, J. Q.
name: Zhao, S. R.
name: Zhang, Y. J.
name: Ong, C. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the measurements of in-plane resistivity, Hall effect, and Nernst effect in Zn doped YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-δ}$ epitaxial thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition technique. The pseudogap temperature, $T^*$, determined from the temperature dependence of resistivity, does not change significantly with Zn doping. Meanwhile the onset temperature ($T^ν$) of anomalous Nernst signal above $T_{c0}$, which is interpreted as evidence for vortex-like excitations, decreases sharply as the superconducting transition temperature $T_{c0}$ does. A significant decrease in the maximum of vortex Nernst signal in mixed state is also observed, which is consistent with the scenario that Zn impurities cause a decrease in the superfluid density and therefore suppress the superconductivity. The phase diagram of $T^*$, $T^ν$, and $T_{c0}$ versus Zn content is presented and discussed.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, Latex; v2: to be published in PRB