cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The spatial clustering of ROSAT All-Sky Survey Active Galactic Nuclei IV. More massive black holes reside in more massive dark matter halos
Creators: name: Krumpe, Mirko
name: Miyaji, Takamitsu
name: Husemann, Bernd
name: Fanidakis, Nikos
name: Coil, Alison L.
name: Aceves, Hector
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the fourth paper in a series that reports on our investigation of the clustering properties of active galactic nuclei (AGN) identified in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). In this paper we investigate the cause of the X-ray luminosity dependence of the clustering of broad-line, luminous AGN at 0.16
description: 24 pages, 16 figures, 2015 ApJ, 815, 21
Thermal History of the Universe After Inflation
Creators: name: Watson, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When did the universe thermalize? In this talk I review the status of this issue and its importance in establishing the expected properties of dark matter, the growth of large-scale structure, and the viability of inflation models when confronted with CMB observations. I also present a novel approach to tackling the theoretical challenges surrounding inflationary (p)reheating, which seeks to extend past work on the Effective Field Theory of Inflation to the time of reheating.
description: Invited Plenary Talk at PPC 2015. 6 pages, no figures
Adult Patron Orientation in Ohio Public Libraries
Creators: name: Orchard, Kiley A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010
Subjects: Public libraries
Bibliographic instruction
Public relations of libraries--Public libraries
Public relations of libraries--Ohio
Internet surveys

description: This paper investigates the ways in which public libraries orient new adult patrons to library resources, services, and programs.  Literature indicates that there is a general gap between those who hold library cards and awareness of the resources available at the library.  It is also shown that libraries that employ orientation methods experience a potential increase in awareness, a greater utilization of library resources, increased support and funding to the library, and reduced library anxiety.  To gain a better understanding of current methods undertaken by public libraries, an online survey was distributed to 701 library directors, supervisors, and branch managers listed on the Public Library Directory of the State Library of Ohio website.  Respondents indicated that they rely heavily on printed brochures and informal one-on-one sessions with patrons.  Additionally, little is being done to measure the effectiveness of such procedures. Recommendations from this study include the need for more orientation sessions as well as the need to more formally evaluate the effectiveness of orientation materials and programs.
Contrast detection is enhanced by deterministic, high-frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation with triangle and sine waveform
Creators: name: Potok, Weronika
name: van der Groen, Onno
name: Sivachelvam, Sahana
name: Bächinger, Marc
name: Fröhlich, Flavio
name: Kish, Laszlo B.
name: Wenderoth, Nicole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Stochastic Resonance (SR) describes a phenomenon where an additive noise (stochastic carrier-wave) enhances the signal transmission in a nonlinear system. In the nervous system, nonlinear properties are present from the level of single ion channels all the way to perception and appear to support the emergence of SR. For example, SR has been repeatedly demonstrated for visual detection tasks, also by adding noise directly to cortical areas via transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS). When dealing with nonlinear physical systems, it has been suggested that resonance can be induced not only by adding stochastic signals (i.e., noise) but also by adding a large class of signals that are not stochastic in nature which cause "deterministic amplitude resonance" (DAR). Here we mathematically show that high-frequency, deterministic, periodic signals can yield resonance-like effects with linear transfer and infinite signal-to-noise ratio at the output. We tested this prediction empirically and investigated whether non-random, high-frequency, transcranial alternating current stimulation applied to visual cortex could induce resonance-like effects and enhance performance of a visual detection task. We demonstrated in 28 participants that applying 80 Hz triangular-waves or sine-waves with tACS reduced visual contrast detection threshold for optimal brain stimulation intensities. The influence of tACS on contrast sensitivity was equally effective to tRNS-induced modulation, demonstrating that both tACS and tRNS can reduce contrast detection thresholds. Our findings suggest that a resonance-like mechanism can also emerge when deterministic electrical waveforms are applied via tACS.
description: accepted for publication in J. Neurophysiology
Food in Context: Food Choices, Eating Habits and Health Information Behaviors among Japanese University Students
Creators: name: Chen, Annie T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010
Subjects: Food
Use studies
College students
Motivation
Information needs
Japan

description: This study had the following aims: to perform a multidimensional, multi-method assessment of the food choice motivations of Japanese university students, to identify subgroups among them that shared similar food choice motivations, and to determine if those groups could be distinguished from each other based on personal characteristics, eating habits, and health information behaviors.  The data collection phase consisted of two parts: a limited number of semi-structured interviews used to adapt a questionnaire survey for use with a Japanese population, and a questionnaire survey.  Factor analysis of the survey responses revealed seven factors: consumption experience, convenience, health, weight control, content, familiarity and price.  Cluster analysis of the factor scores for each student generated five subgroups.  Chi-square tests and univariate ANOVA demonstrated that differences between the groups existed in terms of gender, living situation, snack and fruit consumption, desire to change eating habits, information use and trust of health information sources.  Based on the results of this study, recommendations concerning nutrition education for Japanese university students, targeted interventions for particular subgroups, and implications for the Food Choice Questionnaire as a multidimensional assessment of food motivations are discussed.
Magnetic SAW RFID Sensor Based on Love Wave for Detection of Magnetic Field and Temperature
Creators: name: Mengue, Prince
name: Meistersheim, Laurine
name: Hage-Ali, Sami
name: Floer, Cécile
name: Petit-Watelot, Sébastien
name: Lacour, Daniel
name: Hehn, Michel
name: Elmazria, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Magnetic field measurement including a temperature compensation is essential for a magnetic field sensor. This study investigates a magnetic surface acoustic wave (MSAW) sensor in a reflective delay line configuration with two acoustic propagation paths with and without magnetic field sensitive layer. The delay in path with sensitive layer leads to magnetic field detection and the one without enable temperature measurement and thus compensation for the first path. The developed sensor is based on a ZnO/LiNbO$_3$ Ycut (X-direction) layered structure as Love wave platform. Love wave as a shear wave being more favorable for magnetic detection. Co-Fe-B is considered as sensitive layer to detect magnetic field changes and is deposited on the top of ZnO, but only on one of the two paths. We combined an original configuration of connected IDTs with a high electromechanical coupling coefficient (K$^2$) mode to improve the signal amplitude. The achieved sensor exhibits a high temperature and magnetic field sensitivity of -63 ppm/$^\circ$C and -781 ppm/mT, respectively. The temperature compensation method for magnetic field measurement is demonstrated using a differential measurement by subtracting the delay times obtained for the two paths with and without the sensitive layer. Finally, The sensor exhibited good repeatability at various temperatures. Moreover, the device developed allows in addition to the multisensor functionality, the radio frequency identification (RFID) which is necessary for the deployment of sensor networks.
Feeding ducks, bacterial chemotaxis, and the Gini index
Creators: name: Peaudecerf, Francois J.
name: Goldstein, Raymond E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Classic experiments on the distribution of ducks around separated food sources found consistency with the `ideal free' distribution in which the local population is proportional to the local supply rate. Motivated by this experiment and others, we examine the analogous problem in the microbial world: the distribution of chemotactic bacteria around multiple nearby food sources. In contrast to the optimization of uptake rate that may hold at the level of a single cell in a spatially varying nutrient field, nutrient consumption by a population of chemotactic cells will modify the nutrient field, and the uptake rate will generally vary throughout the population. Through a simple model we study the distribution of resource uptake in the presence of chemotaxis, consumption, and diffusion of both bacteria and nutrients. Borrowing from the field of theoretical economics, we explore how the Gini index can be used as a means to quantify the inequalities of uptake. The redistributive effect of chemotaxis can lead to a phenomenon we term `chemotactic levelling', and the influence of these results on population fitness are briefly considered.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, Phys. Rev. E, in press (2015)
A condition survey of the print collection of the Music Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Creators: name: Paul, Elisa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999
Subjects: Surveys--Preservation of Library Material
Music Literature and Scores--Conservation and Restoration
Music Libraries and Collections--North Carolina
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill--Libraries
Condition Surveys

description: The aim of a condition survey is not only to determine the extent of deterioration of a collection, but also to evaluate the nature of the deterioration. This is done by evaluating the library building, the physical environment, and the library collection. The survey undertaken at the Music Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is a collection condition survey. Information about the building and the physical environment are included to aid in the understanding of the condition of the collection and are based on observation or limited research. The results of the condition survey show that 16.5% the paper in the collection is brittle, breaking after three double folds or less. The collection is also extremely acidic; 76.8% of the collection is printed on acidic paper. The best defensive against the loss of intellectual content in this material is through proper environmental control.
Wireless strain and temperature monitoring in reinforced concrete using Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors
Creators: name: Jeltiri, Pierre
name: Al-Mahmoud, Firas
name: Boissière, Rémi
name: Paulmier, Baptiste
name: Makdissy, Tony
name: Elmazria, Omar
name: Nicolay, Pascal
name: Hage-Ali, Sami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Monitoring the health of civil engineering structures using implanted deformation, temperature and corrosion sensors would further improve maintenance and extend the service life of those structures. However, sensor integration poses a number of problems, due to the presence of cables and on-board electronics. Passive, wireless SAW sensors offer a very promising solution, here. We used commercial SAW devices mounted on steel rebars to carry out an initial feasibility study. Without cables or embedded electronics, we were able to measure the deformation of a concrete beam subjected to bending load. We were also able to measure the temperature continuously over a three-week period.
Integrals of Lipschitz-Hankel Type, Legendre Functions, and Table Errata
Creators: name: Maier, Robert S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33C10, 44A10

description: The complete Lipschitz-Hankel integrals (LHIs) include the Laplace transforms of the Bessel functions, multiplied by powers. Such Laplace transforms can be evaluated using associated Legendre functions. It is noted that there are errors in published versions of these evaluations, and a merged and emended list of seven transforms is given. Errata for standard reference works, such as the table of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik, are also given. Most of the errors are attributable to inconsistent normalization of the Legendre functions. These transforms can be viewed as limits of incomplete LHIs, which find application in communication theory.
description: 7 pages, accepted by Integral Transforms and Special Functions
Synsets improve short text clustering for search support: combining LDA and WordNet
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaomeng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: In this study, I proposed a short text clustering approach with WordNet as the external resources to cluster documents from corpus.byu.edu. Experimental results show that our approach largely improved the clustering performance. The factors that have an influence on the performance of the topic model are the total number of documents, Synsets distribution among topics and words overlapping between the query’s Synsets. In addition, the performance will also be influenced by the missing Synset in WordNet. Finally, we provide an idea of using clustering approaches generating ranked query suggestion to disambiguate the query. Combining with Synsets of the query, text document clustering can provide an effective way to disambiguate user search query by organizing a large set of searching results into a small number of groups labeled with Synsets from WordNet.
Significance of the negative binomial distribution in multiplicity phenomena
Creators: name: Tezlaf, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 82B10, 81V19, 83A05, 70L99

description: The negative binomial distribution (NBD) has been theorized to express a scale-invariant property of many-body systems and has been consistently shown to outperform other statistical models in both describing the multiplicity of quantum-scale events in particle collision experiments and predicting the prevalence of cosmological observables, such as the number of galaxies in a region of space. Despite its widespread applicability and empirical success in these contexts, a theoretical justification for the NBD from first principles has remained elusive for fifty years. The accuracy of the NBD in modeling hadronic, leptonic, and semileptonic processes is suggestive of a highly general principle, which is yet to be understood. This study demonstrates that a statistical event of the NBD can in fact be derived in a general context via the dynamical equations of a canonical ensemble of particles in Minkowski space. These results describe a fundamental feature of many-body systems that is consistent with data from the ALICE and ATLAS experiments and provides an explanation for the emergence of the NBD in these multiplicity observations. Two methods are used to derive this correspondence: the Feynman path integral and a hypersurface parametrization of a propagating ensemble.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures. Physica Scripta (2023)
The Impact of Environmental Fluctuations on Evolutionary Fitness Functions
Creators: name: Melbinger, Anna
name: Vergassola, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of fitness as a measure for a species's success in natural selection is central to the theory of evolution. We here investigate how reproduction rates which are not constant but vary in response to environmental fluctuations, influence a species' prosperity and thereby its fitness. Interestingly, we find that not only larger growth rates but also reduced sensitivities to environmental changes substantially increase the fitness. Thereby, depending on the noise level of the environment, it might be an evolutionary successful strategy to minimize this sensitivity rather than to optimize the reproduction speed. Also for neutral evolution, where species with exactly the same properties compete, variability in the growth rates plays a crucial role. The time for one species to fixate is strongly reduced in the presence of environmental noise. Hence, environmental fluctuations constitute a possible explanation for effective population sizes inferred from genetic data that often are much smaller than the census population size.
description: previous shorter version of the article was published on arXiv under the title: Evolutionary Fitness in Variable Environments (arXiv:1505.04471) main text: 12 pages, 4 figures; supplement: 7 pages, 7 figures
A new family of singular integral operators whose $L^2$-boundedness implies rectifiability
Creators: name: Chunaev, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B20, 28A75

description: Let $E \subset \mathbb{C}$ be a Borel set such that $0
description: 5 figures
The American Homefront of World War II in Literature for Children: An Evaluative Comparison of Series and Autobiographical Fiction
Creators: name: Britto, Kathleen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003
Subjects: Children's literature
United States Historical fiction
Evaluation World War, 1939-1945
Children's literature--Evaluation
Series--Children's literature

description: This study describes a content analysis of two types of literature for children with an American World War II Homefront setting: autobiographical fiction and the historical fiction series. The analysis was performed to gain an understanding of the stylistic, historical and ideological differences between the two types of fiction. Eight historical fiction series books and five autobiographical books were studied. The range of intended reading audience of these books is approximately seven to eleven years old. All books were published between 1986 and 2001. Autobiographical works by Avi were found to include a high level of period slang and to provide extensive characterization through dialogue. The subject of anti-Japanese racism was examined by only three books. The Dear America series was found to include exciting events, as well as inappropriately modern language and contemporary political viewpoints. The American Girls Collection was found to avoid death and destruction and to enforce the authority of adults. Only one book, an autobiographical work by Hahn, included the death of a central character's immediate family member. Overall, the autobiographical works were found to provide a more complete understanding of the historical and emotional aspects of childhood in America during World War II.
Proximity Effect in Periodic Arrays of Superconducting Nanoislands on Thin Graphite Layer
Creators: name: Latyshev, Yu. I.
name: Smolovich, A. M.
name: Orlov, A. P.
name: Frolov, A. V.
name: Vlasenko, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The regular structure of superconducting nanoislands of alloy W-Ga-C was fabricated on nanothin graphite using focused ion beam. The resistance vs temperature dependence down to 1.7K and the magnetoresistance in field up to 24T were measured both for the bridge containing nanoislands and for the reference bridge without islands. The difference between those measurements demonstrates the proximity effect on a regular structure of superconducting W-Ga-C nanoislands on nanothin graphite layer.
description: To be published in Nanoscience and Nanoengineering http://www.hrpub.org/journals/jour_archive.php?id=65
Comparing quasiparticle H$_2$O level alignment on anatase and rutile TiO$_2$
Creators: name: Sun, Huijuan
name: Mowbray, Duncan J.
name: Migani, Annapaola
name: Zhao, Jin
name: Petek, Hrvoje
name: Rubio, Angel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Knowledge of the molecular frontier levels' alignment in the ground state can be used to predict the photocatalytic activity of an interface. The position of the adsorbate's highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels relative to the substrate's valence band maximum (VBM) in the interface describes the favorability of photogenerated hole transfer from the VBM to the adsorbed molecule. This is a key quantity for assessing and comparing H$_2$O photooxidation activities on two prototypical photocatalytic TiO$_2$ surfaces: anatase (A)-TiO$_2$(101) and rutile (R)-TiO$_2$(110). Using the projected density of states (DOS) from state-of-the-art quasiparticle (QP) $G_0W_0$ calculations, we assess the relative photocatalytic activity of intact and dissociated H$_2$O on coordinately unsaturated (Ti$_{\textit{cus}}$) sites of idealized stoichiometric A-TiO$_2$(101)/R-TiO$_2$(110) and bridging O vacancies (O$_{\textit{br}}^{\textit{vac}}$) of defective A-TiO$_{2-x}$(101)/R-TiO$_{2-x}$(110) surfaces ($x=\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{8}$) for various coverages. Such a many-body treatment is necessary to correctly describe the anisotropic screening of electron-electron interactions at a photocatalytic interface, and hence obtain accurate interfacial level alignments. The more favorable ground state HOMO level alignment for A-TiO$_2$(101) may explain why the anatase polymorph shows higher photocatalytic activities than the rutile polymorph. Our results indicate that (1) hole trapping is more favored on A-TiO$_2$(101) than R-TiO$_2$(110) and (2) HO@Ti$_{\textit{cus}}$ is more photocatalytically active than intact H$_2$O@Ti$_{\textit{cus}}$.
Time Domains of Hypoxia Responses and -Omics Insights.
Creators: name: Yu, James J
name: Non, Amy L
name: Heinrich, Erica C
name: Gu, Wanjun
name: Alcock, Joe
name: Moya, Esteban A
name: Lawrence, Elijah S
name: Tift, Michael S
name: O'Brien, Katie A
name: Storz, Jay F
name: Signore, Anthony V
name: Khudyakov, Jane I
name: Milsom, William K
name: Wilson, Sean M
name: Beall, Cynthia M
name: Villafuerte, Francisco C
name: Stobdan, Tsering
name: Julian, Colleen G
name: Moore, Lorna G
name: Fuster, Mark M
name: Stokes, Jennifer A
name: Milner, Richard
name: West, John B
name: Zhang, Jiao
name: Shyy, John Y
name: Childebayeva, Ainash
name: Vázquez-Medina, José Pablo
name: Pham, Luu V
name: Mesarwi, Omar A
name: Hall, James E
name: Cheviron, Zachary A
name: Sieker, Jeremy
name: Blood, Arlin B
name: Yuan, Jason X
name: Scott, Graham R
name: Rana, Brinda K
name: Ponganis, Paul J
name: Malhotra, Atul
name: Powell, Frank L
name: Simonson, Tatum S
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: hypoxia
subject: adaptation
subject: high altitude
subject: oxygen
subject: integrative physiology

description: The ability to respond rapidly to changes in oxygen tension is critical for many forms of life. Challenges to oxygen homeostasis, specifically in the contexts of evolutionary biology and biomedicine, provide important insights into mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation and tolerance. Here we synthesize findings across varying time domains of hypoxia in terms of oxygen delivery, ranging from early animal to modern human evolution and examine the potential impacts of environmental and clinical challenges through emerging multi-omics approaches. We discuss how diverse animal species have adapted to hypoxic environments, how humans vary in their responses to hypoxia (i.e., in the context of high-altitude exposure, cardiopulmonary disease, and sleep apnea), and how findings from each of these fields inform the other and lead to promising new directions in basic and clinical hypoxia research.
Ultracold magnetically tunable interactions without radiative charge transfer losses between Ca$^+$, Sr$^+$, Ba$^+$, and Yb$^+$ ions and Cr atoms
Creators: name: Tomza, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ca$^+$, Sr$^+$, Ba$^+$, and Yb$^+$ ions immersed in an ultracold gas of the Cr atoms are proposed as experimentally feasible heteronuclear systems in which ion-atom interactions at ultralow temperatures can be controlled with magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances without charge transfer and radiative losses. \textit{Ab initio} techniques are applied to investigate electronic-ground-state properties of the (CaCr)$^+$, (SrCr)$^+$, (BaCr)$^+$, and (YbCr)$^+$ molecular ions. The potential energy curves, permanent electric dipole moments, and static electric dipole polarizabilities are computed. The spin restricted open-shell coupled cluster method restricted to single, double, and noniterative triple excitations, RCCSD(T), and the multireference configuration interaction method restricted to single and double excitations, MRCISD, are employed. The scalar relativistic effects are included within the small-core energy-consistent pseudopotentials. The leading long-range induction and dispersion interaction coefficients are also reported. Finally, magnetic Feshbach resonances between the Ca$^+$, Sr$^+$, Ba$^+$, and Yb$^+$ ions interacting with the Cr atoms are analyzed. The present proposal opens the way towards robust quantum simulations and computations with ultracold ion-atom systems free of radiative charge transfer losses.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
The dust content of damped Lyman-alpha systems in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Murphy, Michael T.
name: Bernet, Martin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dust-content of damped Lyman-alpha systems (DLAs) is an important observable for understanding their origin and the neutral gas reservoirs of galaxies. While the average colour-excess of DLAs, E(B-V), is known to be <15 milli-magnitudes (mmag), both detections and non-detections with ~2 mmag precision have been reported. Here we find 3.2-sigma statistical evidence for DLA dust-reddening of 774 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasars by comparing their fitted spectral slopes to those of ~7000 control quasars. The corresponding E(B-V) is 3.0 +/- 1.0 mmag, assuming a Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) dust extinction law, and it correlates strongly (3.5-sigma) with the metal content, characterised by the SiII1526 absorption-line equivalent width, providing additional confidence that the detection is due to dust in the DLAs. Evolution of E(B-V) over the redshift range 2.1 < z < 4.0 is limited to <2.5 mmag per unit redshift (1-sigma), consistent with the known, mild DLA metallicity evolution. There is also no apparent relationship with neutral hydrogen column density, N(HI), though the data are consistent with a mean E(B-V)/N(HI) = (3.5 +/- 1.0) x 10^{-24} mag cm^2, approximately the ratio expected from the SMC scaled to the lower metallicities typical of DLAs. We implement the SDSS selection algorithm in a portable code to assess the potential for systematic, redshift-dependent biases stemming from its magnitude and colour-selection criteria. The effect on the mean E(B-V) is negligible (<5 per cent) over the entire redshift range of interest. Given the broad potential usefulness of this implementation, we make it publicly available.
description: Accepted to MNRAS. 18 pages, 17 figures, 5 tables. Tables 1-4 available in the published electronic version or from http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~mmurphy/publications . Code emulating the SDSS colour-selection algorithm is available at doi:10.5281/zenodo.31470 (http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.31470) and hosted on GitHub (https://github.com/mbernet79/SDSS_QSOsel_Bernet)
Where Are We Again? A Content Analysis on Usability of Online Finding Aids
Creators: name: Kim, Hyeeyoung
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018
Subjects: Web sites--Design
Finding aids
Usability
Archival description

description: This study presents findings from a content analysis I conducted on the usability of 264 online finding aids from archival institutions. I developed a coding scheme consisting 6 categories and 31 checklist items based on recommendations from previous studies of online finding aid usability along with web usability literature. Despite repeated user feedback from usability studies, this study found that archival terminology still commonly appears in finding aids, but explanations for the terminology are rare. Most institutions implemented standard navigation elements to their finding aids, but the adoption of recommended navigation elements, such as persistent local navigation and you-are-here indicators, was low. A local search box or browser built-in search indication appeared on less than half of finding aids and the adoption of help and Web 2.0 features was low. All institutions formatted finding aid section headings, but stronger formatting could improve finding aid scanability. The study also found that the visual indications for a hierarchical collection structure appear in more than half of the finding aids, but indications for accessing online materials or requesting collection materials were rare.
Optimal strategies for driving a mobile agent in a guidance by repulsion model
Creators: name: Escobedo, Ramón
name: Ibañez, Aitziber
name: Zuazua, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We present a guidance by repulsion model based on a driver-evader interaction where the driver, assumed to be faster than the evader, follows the evader but cannot be arbitrarily close to it, and the evader tries to move away from the driver beyond a short distance. The key ingredient allowing the driver to guide the evader is that the driver is able to display a circumvention maneuver around the evader, in such a way that the trajectory of the evader is modified in the direction of the repulsion that the driver exerts on the evader. The evader can thus be driven towards any given target or along a sufficiently smooth path by controlling a single discrete parameter acting on driver's behavior. The control parameter serves both to activate/deactivate the circumvention mode and to select the clockwise/counterclockwise direction of the circumvention maneuver. Assuming that the circumvention mode is more expensive than the pursuit mode, and that the activation of the circumvention mode has a high cost, we formulate an optimal control problem for the optimal strategy to drive the evader to a given target. By means of numerical shooting methods, we find the optimal open-loop control which reduces the number of activations of the circumvention mode to one and which minimizes the time spent in the active~mode. Our numerical simulations show that the system is highly sensitive to small variations of the control function, and that the cost function has a nonlinear regime which contributes to the complexity of the behavior of the system, so that a general open-loop control would not be of practical interest. We then propose a feedback control law that corrects from deviations while preventing from an excesive use of the circumvention mode, finding numerically that the feedback law significantly reduces the cost obtained with the open-loop control.
On the Use of the Number Count of Blue Horizontal--Branch Stars to Infer the Dominant Building Blocks of the Milky Way Halo
Creators: name: Chung, Chul
name: Lee, Young-Wook
name: Pasquato, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of the Milky Way stellar halo is thought to be the result of merging and accretion of building blocks such as dwarf galaxies and massive globular clusters. Recently, Deason et al. (2015) suggested that the Milky Way outer halo formed mostly from big building blocks, such as dwarf spheroidal galaxies, based on the similar number ratio of blue straggler (BS) stars to blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars. Here we demonstrate, however, that this result is seriously biased by not taking into detailed consideration on the formation mechanism of BHB stars from helium enhanced second-generation population. In particular, the high BS-to-BHB ratio observed in the outer halo fields is most likely due to a small number of BHB stars provided by GCs rather than to a large number of BS stars. This is supported by our dynamical evolution model of GCs which shows preferential removal of first generation stars in GCs. Moreover, there are a sufficient number of outer halo GCs which show very high BS-to-BHB ratio. Therefore, the BS-to-BHB number ratio is not a good indicator to use in arguing that more massive dwarf galaxies are the main building blocks of the Milky Way outer halo. Several lines of evidence still suggest that GCs can contribute a significant fraction of the outer halo stars.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Embracing Web 2.0: Archives and the Newest Generation of Web Applications
Creators: name: Samouelian, Mary E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008
Subjects: Archives
Libraries--Information technology
Libraries and the Internet
Archives--United States--Information Services

description: Recently archival professionals have undertaken projects to convert their physical collections to digital format and display the surrogates of these primary sources on their websites. Simultaneously, the Web is moving toward a shared environment that embraces collective intelligence and participation, which is often called Web 2.0. This paper investigates the extent to which Web 2.0 features have been integrated into archival digitization projects Although the use of Web 2.0 features is not widely discussed in the professional archival literature, this exploratory study of college and university repository web sites in the United States suggest that many archival professionals are embracing Web 2.0 to promote their digital content and redefine relationships with their patrons. Of 213 archival repositories examined, 85 hosted a digital collection, and of those, 38 employed at least one of the five types of Web 2.0 applications under consideration. The data suggests that the type of Web 2.0 application being employed is related to the type of content management system a repository is using to manage and display the digital collection. Based on eight interviews with staff responsible for the sites, motivation for implementation varied among respondents, but promoting and sharing content with current and future users stand out as the most common reasons.
>k-homogeneous infinite graphs
Creators: name: Ahlman, Ove
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75, 05C63, 03C50

description: In this article we give an explicit classification for the countably infinite graphs $\mathcal{G}$ which are, for some $k$, $\geq$$ k$-homogeneous. It turns out that a $\geq$$k-$homogeneous graph $\mathcal{M}$ is non-homogeneous if and only if it is either not $1-$homogeneous or not $2-$homogeneous, both cases which may be classified using ramsey theory.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
A content analysis of design decisions in business to consumer e-commerce web sites: trends and directories
Creators: name: Sedam, Christine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000
Subjects: World Wide Web
User Interface--Computer Science--Design
User Interface--Computer Science--Evaluation
Electronic Commerce--Standards

description: This study describes current trends and commonalities in interface designs in a survey of highly trafficked consumer-based e-commerce web sites. This survey was conducted to determine what de facto standards, if any, are emerging and how they are being implemented. The top three web sites in seven different categories representing a selection of the most popular styles of e-commerce businesses were analyzed in light of three traditional areas of retail: merchandise, service, and promotion. The results show that, despite differing products and market objectives, many e-commerce sites are following or copying each other in the placement of critical information and transaction elements. In addition, analysis of the virtual storefront shows that, despite the wide variety of design options the web engines, a limited number of patterns are followed. All of this has implications for consumers' expectations and experiences as online shoppers.
Nanomaterials in Textiles: Performance, Health, and Environmental Aspects
Creators: name: Indrie, Liliana
name: Gherghel, Sabina
name: McNeil, Steven
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: This chapter looks at various applications of nanomaterials in the textile industry, how nanomaterials are incorporated into textiles, as well as potential environmental and health aspects. It presents some applications of nanoparticles to enhance the performance of textiles. The use of nanotechnology has developed rapidly in the field of textiles, due to its unique and valuable properties it can bring to textiles. Nanoparticles can provide high durability to treated fabrics because they have a large surface-area-to-volume ratio and large surface energy, showing a better affinity for fabrics. Nanoparticles are a new promising material for the functionalization of fibers and textiles and due to their properties, they are one of the most useful additives to provide additional functionality to fibers and textiles such as: protecting textiles from insect damage, resistance to dry soiling, self-cleaning applications, and protection from ultraviolet. During the wastewater treatment, some nanotextiles were found to contribute to environmental degradation.
T-Duality of Green-Schwarz Superstrings on AdS(d) x S(d) x M(10-2d)
Creators: name: Abbott, Michael C.
name: Murugan, Jeff
name: Penati, Silvia
name: Pittelli, Antonio
name: Sorokin, Dmitri
name: Sundin, Per
name: Tarrant, Justine
name: Wolf, Martin
name: Wulff, Linus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We verify the self-duality of Green-Schwarz supercoset sigma models on AdS$_d \times S^d $ backgrounds (d=2,3,5) under combined bosonic and fermionic T-dualities without gauge fixing kappa symmetry. We also prove this property for superstrings on AdS$_d \times S^d \times S^d$ (d=2,3) described by supercoset sigma models with the isometries governed by the exceptional Lie supergroups $D(2,1;α)$ (d=2) and $D(2,1;α)\times D(2,1;α)$ (d=3), which requires an additional T-dualisation along one of the spheres. Then, by taking into account the contribution of non-supercoset fermionic modes (up to the second order), we provide evidence for the T-self-duality of the complete type IIA and IIB Green-Schwarz superstring theory on AdS$_d\times S^d \times T^{10-2d}$ (d=2,3) backgrounds with Ramond-Ramond fluxes. Finally, applying the Buscher-like rules to T-dualising supergravity fields, we prove the T-self-duality of the whole class of the AdS$_d\times S^d \times M^{10-2d}$ superbackgrounds with Ramond-Ramond fluxes in the context of supergravity.
description: v2: 57 pages, 1 figure, typos fixed and clarifications added, version to appear in JHEP
Noiseless manipulation of helical edge state transport by a quantum magnet
Creators: name: Silvestrov, P. G.
name: Recher, P.
name: Brouwer, P. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current through a helical edge state of a quantum-spin-Hall insulator may be fully transmitted through a magnetically gapped region due to a combination of spin-transfer torque and spin pumping [Meng {\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 90}, 205403 (2014)]. Using a scattering approach, we here argue that in such a system the current is effectively carried by electrons with energies below the magnet-induced gap and well below the Fermi energy. This has striking consequences, such as the absence of shot noise, an exponential suppression of thermal noise, and an obstruction of thermal transport. For two helical edges covered by the same quantum magnet, the device can act as robust noiseless current splitter.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: Solitary lesion of the canal of Nuck
Creators: name: Correia, Paulo
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genital (female) imaging
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 26-year-old woman presented to our institution with a 3-year history of a slow-growing, painless, mobile vulvar nodule. Physical examination revealed a painless, soft, and mobile nodule in the left groin, extending to the left labia majora, with no inflammatory signs. Ultrasound was requested for further characterization, followed by magnetic resonance (MR).

description: 26 years, female
Rotation-induced deep crustal heating of millisecond pulsars
Creators: name: Gusakov, M. E.
name: Kantor, E. M.
name: Reisenegger, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-down of a neutron star, e.g. due to magneto-dipole losses, results in compression of the stellar matter and induces nuclear reactions at phase transitions between different nuclear species in the crust. We show that this mechanism is effective in heating recycled pulsars, in which the previous accretion process has already been compressing the crust, so it is not in nuclear equilibrium. We calculate the corresponding emissivity and confront it with available observations, showing that it might account for the likely thermal ultraviolet emission of PSR J0437-4715.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
On the Use of Replications in History
Creators: name: Huijnen, Pim
name: Huistra, Pieter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: replicability
reproduction
open science
datafication
questionable research practices

description: In this white paper we address the scholarly community of historians. We argue that replication, or in more precise terminology: reproduction, is possible in historiography, and that it deserves a place in historical practice. Historical reproduction will complement and improve existing mechanisms of historical quality control such as referencing and peer review. Moreover, it will help to uncover the rules guiding historical work and will, in turn, improve the degree of methodological articulation and sophistication of historians.
Born Digital? Appraise Traditional!: A Pilot Study on Intrinsic Value and Electronic Records of State Government
Creators: name: Chalfant, Donald M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003
Subjects: Appraisal of archival materials
Best Masters Papers Awarded 2004
Digital preservation
Electronic records
Archival materials selection for preservation--Deans Achievement Award

description: This paper investigated the relevance of intrinsic value to electronic records. In conjunction with other appraisal methods, intrinsic value is useful in determining which documents require long-term preservation in their original formats. A pilot study consisting of interviews with archivists/records professionals was conducted by telephone with nine state archives/records agencies. This study, combined with a literature review, demonstrates that although state records managers and archivists do not presently use intrinsic value during appraisal of electronic records, its application could reduce costs, protect historically valuable information and lessen the potential for legal action relating to permanent, born-digital collections.
A library services study of Orange County (NC) citizens
Creators: name: Tear, Lindsey C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999
Subjects: Surveys--Public libraries
Libraries--Community relations--North Carolina
Public libraries--North Carolina
Orange County Public Library (N.C.)

description: A sample of citizens of Orange County, North Carolina were surveyed on behalf of the Orange County Commissioners and the Orange County Public Library for two purposes: to determine the public's response to proposed new services, and to discover reasons for non-use of the library in order to develop new opportunities to reach those who are not currently being served. The results of the survey demonstrate a keen interest on the part of respondents in more computer and Internet training.  Other services that were supported by respondents include remote searching of the library catalog and expanded Internet access.  In order to attract new patrons, the study recommends that the library continue to strengthen technology and children's services, concentrate efforts on publicizing the "information center" aspect of the library, and consider expanding service to underserved areas, notably the northern part of the county.