cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A DYNAMIC MODEL OF LAND USE CHANGE WITH SPATIALLY EXPLICIT DATA
Creators: name: De Pinto, Alessandro
name: Nelson, Gerald C.
name: De Pinto, Alessandro
name: Nelson, Gerald C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: A discrete choice dynamic model was used to predict land use change for an area in Panama. Our results show not only that our modeling technique performs better than static models, but it is also superior to previous attempts to model land use change in a dynamic fashion.
Variability of black hole accretion discs: The cool, thermal disc component
Creators: name: Mayer, M.
name: Pringle, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the model of King et al. (2004) for variability in black hole accretion discs, by taking proper account of the thermal properties of the disc. Because the degree of variability in the King et al. (2004) model depends sensitively on the ratio of disc thickness to radius, H/R, it is important to follow the time-dependence of the local disc structure as the variability proceeds. In common with previous authors, we develop a one-zone model for the local disc structure. We agree that radial heat advection plays an important role in determining the inner disc structure, and also find limit-cycle behaviour. When the stochastic magnetic dynamo model of King et al. (2004) is added to these models, we find similar variability behaviour to before. We are now better placed to put physical constraints on model parameters. In particular, we find that in order to be consistent with the low degree of variability seen in the thermal disc component of black hole binaries, we need to limit the energy density of the poloidal field that can be produced by local dynamo cells in the disc to less than a few percent of the energy density of the dynamo field within the disc itself.
description: 18 pages, 17 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Two-meson cloud contribution to the baryon antidecuplet self-energy
Creators: name: Hyodo, T.
name: Hosaka, A.
name: Llanes-Estrada, F. J.
name: Oset, E.
name: Pelaez, J. R.
name: Vacas, M. J. Vicente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the self-energy of the SU(3) antidecuplet coming from two-meson virtual clouds. Assuming that the exotic Theta+ belongs to an antidecuplet representation with N(1710) as nucleon partner, we derive effective Lagrangians that describe the decay of N(1710) into N pi pi with two pions in s- or p-wave. It is found that the self-energies for all members of the antidecuplet are attractive, and the larger strangeness particle is more bound. From two-meson cloud, we obtain about 20 % of the empirical mass splitting between states with different strangeness.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, Talk given at the 10th International Conference on Baryons (Baryons04), Palaiseau (France), October 25-29, 2004
Cooperation and Cheating
Creators: name: Cross, Robin M.
name: Buccola, Steven T.
name: Thomann, Enrique A.
name: Cross, Robin M.
name: Buccola, Steven T.
name: Thomann, Enrique A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this article, we extend the variable delivery claim framework (Cross, Buccola, and Thomann, 2006) to examine the option-to-cheat, that is, the option to shift production between contracts ex post. We use this framework to provide a solution to the age-old conflict between enforcement and the cooperative tradition of providing a "home" for member produce. We show that, in contrast to Nourse's competitive yardstick hypothesis, the value of the cooperative-provided option increases as market competition intensifies. When the option-to-cheat is fairly-priced, it is Pareto improving, increasing grower returns, lowering cooperative per-unit costs and reducing contract shortfalls for investor-owned rivals at no additional per-unit cost. Our valuation framework is consistent with replication-based equilibria and is free from parametric specification of individual preference or firm cost structure.
A framework for step-wise explaining how to solve constraint satisfaction problems
Creators: name: Bogaerts, Bart
name: Gamba, Emilio
name: Guns, Tias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1
subject: 68T27

description: We explore the problem of step-wise explaining how to solve constraint satisfaction problems, with a use case on logic grid puzzles. More specifically, we study the problem of explaining the inference steps that one can take during propagation, in a way that is easy to interpret for a person. Thereby, we aim to give the constraint solver explainable agency, which can help in building trust in the solver by being able to understand and even learn from the explanations. The main challenge is that of finding a sequence of simple explanations, where each explanation should aim to be as cognitively easy as possible for a human to verify and understand. This contrasts with the arbitrary combination of facts and constraints that the solver may use when propagating. We propose the use of a cost function to quantify how simple an individual explanation of an inference step is, and identify the explanation-production problem of finding the best sequence of explanations of a CSP. Our approach is agnostic of the underlying constraint propagation mechanisms, and can provide explanations even for inference steps resulting from combinations of constraints. In case multiple constraints are involved, we also develop a mechanism that allows to break the most difficult steps up and thus gives the user the ability to zoom in on specific parts of the explanation. Our proposed algorithm iteratively constructs the explanation sequence by using an optimistic estimate of the cost function to guide the search for the best explanation at each step. Our experiments on logic grid puzzles show the feasibility of the approach in terms of the quality of the individual explanations and the resulting explanation sequences obtained.
The Impact of Socioeconomic and Spatial Differences on Obesity in West Virginia
Creators: name: Amarasinghe, Anura
name: D'Souza, Gerard E.
name: Brown, Cheryl
name: Borisova, Tatiana
name: Amarasinghe, Anura
name: D'Souza, Gerard E.
name: Brown, Cheryl
name: Borisova, Tatiana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: Obesity constitutes an important public policy issue since it causes external costs to society through increased healthcare costs borne by taxpayers. This study employed random and fixed effects estimations and spatial autoregressive approaches under a panel data structure to unravel possible socioeconomic and built environment factors contributing to obesity. Though there is no statistical evidence for time invariant fixed effects, empirical evidence shows that obesity is a spatially non-random event. Educational attainment that raises both human and social capital as well as changes in the built environment could play a vital role in controlling obesity.
Measurement of three-dimensional scapular kinematics
Creators: name: Choo, Anthony Min Te
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: It has been well recognized that the scapula and the humerus work in concert to enable the shoulder joint to achieve its high mobility in three-dimensions. Pathologies such as impingement and instability are focused at the glenohumeral junction between the two bones. Other authors have attempted to measure scapulothoracic and scapulohumeral rhythms as a means of better understanding the shoulder joint. However, at present, the inability to practically measure scapular kinematics in a clinical setting constitutes a significant problem in the rehabilitation of shoulder pathologies. This thesis addresses the issue of measuring three-dimensional scapular kinematics non-invasively. A novel method using a grid of skin surface markers was developed. The method was found to show promising results in a pilot study and a pre-clinical test on a cadaver. An accuracy of better than 5° was achieved for all three cardan angles used to describe changes in scapular attitudes. The method quantified the regional variations encountered with surface markers and identified the optimal regions for measurement. Additionally, a prototype method utilizing two-dimensional Fourier analysis was investigated to measure scapular upward rotation through image analysis of surface features. The results were not conclusive but merit further investigation. The gold standard used to assess accuracy of the non-invasive method was roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA). The accuracy of the RSA system was investigated with computer simulations and benchtop analyses. System accuracy ranged from 0.21-mm to 0.67-mm for reconstruction of marker coordinates, from 0.23- mm to 0.86-mm for translation, and from 0.19° to 1.05° for rotations. The stereophotogrammetric calibration method was an important factor in the resultant accuracy. The accuracy was also affected by the reconstruction algorithm used. Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) was found more favorable than traditional RSA methods described by Selvik. Finally, low x-ray scanning resolution (150-ppi) was a principal hardware limitation contributing to lower accuracy. This thesis has demonstrated a scapular measurement technique and presented some novel ideas that should contribute to the long-term development of a clinically practical, non-invasive, accurate method for measuring human scapular kinematics.
Additional file 1 of The relationship between perceived school stress and satisfaction with life among Norwegian school-based adolescents and the moderating role of perceived teacher care: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Grasaas, Erik
name: Ostojic, Sergej
name: Sandbakk, Øyvind
name: Bjørnsen, Gunn
name: Sylta, Øystein
name: Høgli Major, Daniel
name: Jahre, Henriette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Factors Affecting Success for Women Entrepreneurs in West Africa: The Case of Kosai, a Value Added Cowpea Product
Creators: name: Ibro, Germaine
name: Fulton, Joan R.
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
name: Ibro, Germaine
name: Fulton, Joan R.
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Kosai, a deep-fat fried fritter made from cowpea, is an important product for economic development and poverty alleviation. Kosai is sold as street food almost exclusively by women entrepreneurs who use the money they earn from selling kosai on savings and daily expenditures for their family. In addition, cowpea is the more important indigenous African legume and kosai production uses a significant amount of cowpea. Data was collected, via personal interviews, with about 400 vendors in three different cities in the West African country of Niger. Results revealed that vendors with more experience were more likely to be successful.
Nonlinear k_\perp-factorization for Quark-Gluon Dijet Production off Nuclei
Creators: name: Nikolaev, N. N.
name: Schäfer, W.
name: Zakharov, B. G.
name: Zoller, V. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The breaking of conventional linear k_\perp-factorization for hard processes in a nuclear environment is by now well established. Here we report a detailed derivation of the nonlinear k_\perp-factorization relations for the production of quark-gluon dijets. This process is of direct relevance to dijets in the proton hemisphere of proton-nucleus collisions at energies of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The major technical problem is a consistent description of the non-Abelian intranuclear evolution of multiparton systems of color dipoles. Following the technique developed in our early work [ N.N. Nikolaev, W. Schäfer, B.G. Zakharov and V.R. Zoller, J. Exp. Theor. Phys.\ {\bf 97} (2003) 441], we reduce the description of the intranuclear evolution of the $qgg\bar{q}$ state to the system of three coupled-channel equations in the space of color singlet 4-parton states $\ket{3\bar{3}}, \ket{6\bar{6}}$ and $\ket{15\bar{15}}$ (and their large-N_c generalizations). At large number of colors N_c, the eigenstate $(\ket{6\bar{6}}-\ket{15\bar{15}})/\sqrt{2}$ decouples from the initial state $\ket{3\bar{3}}$. The resulting nuclear distortions of the dijet spectrum exhibit much similarity to those found earlier for forward dijets in Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS). Still there are certain distinctions regarding the contribution from color-triplet $qg$ final states and from coherent diffraction excitation of dijets. To the large-N_c approximation, we identify four universality classes of nonlinear k_\perp-factorization for hard dijet production.
description: 54 pages, 12 figures
Topological rainbow trapping for elastic energy harvesting in graded SSH systems
Creators: name: Chaplain, Gregory J.
name: De Ponti, Jacopo M.
name: Aguzzi, Giulia
name: Colombi, Andrea
name: Craster, Richard V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We amalgamate two fundamental designs from distinct areas of wave control in physics, and place them in the setting of elasticity. Graded elastic metasurfaces, so-called metawedges, are combined with the now classical Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model from the field of topological insulators. The resulting structures form one-dimensional graded-SSH-metawedges that support multiple, simultaneous, topologically protected edge states. These robust, enhanced localised modes are leveraged for applications in elastic energy harvesting using the piezoelectric effect. The designs we develop are first motivated by applying the SSH model to mass-loaded Kirchhoff-Love thin elastic plates. We then extend these ideas to using graded resonant rods, and create SSH models, coupled to elastic beams and full elastic half-spaces.
On the Use of Graphene to Improve the Performance of Concentrator III-V Multijunction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Barrutia, Laura
name: Lombardero1, IvÁn
name: Ochoa, Mario
name: GabÁs, Mercedes
name: GarcÍa, IvÁn
name: Palacios, TomÁs
name: Johnson, Andrew
name: Rey-Stolle, Ignacio
name: Algora, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene has been intensively studied in photovoltaics focusing on emerging solar cells based on thin films, dye-sensitized, quantum dots, nanowires, etc. However, the typical efficiency of these solar cells incorporating graphene are below 16%. Therefore, the photovoltaic potential of graphene has not been already shown. In this work the use of graphene for concentration applications on III-V multijunction solar cells, which indeed are the solar cells with the highest efficiency, is demonstrated. Firstly, a wide optoelectronic characterization of graphene layers is carried out. Then, the graphene layer is incorporated onto triple-junction solar cells, which decreases their series resistance by 35% (relative), leading to an increase in Fill Factor of 4% (absolute) at concentrations of 1,000 suns. Simultaneously, the optical absorption of graphene produces a relative short circuit current density decrease in the range of 0-1.8%. As a result, an absolute efficiency improvement close to 1% at concentrations of 1,000 suns was achieved with respect to triple junction solar cells without graphene. The impact of incorporating one and two graphene monolayers is also evaluated.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures
The Doha Round Declaration on Cotton: A Catalyst for Poverty Reduction in Africa?
Creators: name: Blasco, Lorea Barron
name: Devadoss, Stephen
name: Stodick, Leroy
name: Blasco, Lorea Barron
name: Devadoss, Stephen
name: Stodick, Leroy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Cotton plays a strategic role in the development policies and poverty reduction programs of a number of African countries. Several African countries have introduced reforms in the cotton sector to improve its quality and competitiveness. The impact of these reforms has to date been virtually nullified by the fact that certain WTO Members continue to apply support measures and subsidies that distort global market prices. These are the arguments behind the Cotton Initiative raised in 2003 in the World Trade Organization (WTO) by Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali, which reflects the position of the African Group countries until the Sixth WTO Ministerial Conference in Hong Kong recently. In this conference two important policy changes were agreed in international trade of cotton. First, all forms of export subsidies for cotton will be eliminated by developed countries in 2006. Second, developed countries will give duty and quota free access for cotton exports from the least-developed countries (LDCs). This paper uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Zambian economy with a three fold purpose: (a) to study the impact of the Doha Round agreement on the cotton sector in Zambia, (b) to analyze the reality of the Doha agreement versus the African countries' cotton initiative during the WTO Hong Kong conference, and (c) to contribute to the analysis of further agricultural trade liberalization and its implications for poor countries. The results show the extent of the benefits of implementation of both, the Doha WTO Round and the African Countries Proposal in Zambia. We quantify the impacts of both policy initiatives on the Zambian cotton sector (production, exports, prices), and agrarian population welfare. The results show that the positive effects of the Cotton Initiative in Zambia are higher than the Doha Round polices benefits.
Strong decays of $D_{sJ}(2317)$ and $D_{sJ}(2460)$
Creators: name: Wei, Wei
name: Huang, Peng-Zhi
name: Zhu, Shi-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the identification of ($D_{sJ}(2317), D_{sJ}(2460)$) as the ($0^+$, $1^+$) doublet in the heavy quark effective field theory, we derive the light cone QCD sum rule for the coupling of eta meson with $D_{sJ}(2317) D_s $ and $D_{sJ}(2460) D_s^{*} $. Through $η-π^0$ mixing we calculate their pionic decay widths, which are consistent with the experimental values (or upper limits). Combining the radiative decay widths derived by Colangelo, Fazio and Ozpineci in the same framework, we conclude that the decay patterns of $D_{sJ}(2317, 2460)$ strongly support their interpretation as ordinary $c \bar s$ mesons.
description: Comments and suggestions welcome!
Additional file 2 of The relationship between perceived school stress and satisfaction with life among Norwegian school-based adolescents and the moderating role of perceived teacher care: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Grasaas, Erik
name: Ostojic, Sergej
name: Sandbakk, Øyvind
name: Bjørnsen, Gunn
name: Sylta, Øystein
name: Høgli Major, Daniel
name: Jahre, Henriette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary File 2
Quantum gravitational interaction between two objects induced by external gravitational radiation fields
Creators: name: Hu, Yongshun
name: Hu, Jiawei
name: Yu, Hongwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore, in the framework of linearized quantum gravity, the induced gravitational interaction between two gravitationally polarizable objects in their ground states in the presence of an external quantized gravitational radiation field. The interaction energy decreases as $r^{-5}$ in the near regime, and oscillates with a decreasing amplitude proportional to $r^{-1}$ in the far regime, where $r$ is the distance between the two objects. The interaction can be either attractive or repulsive depending on the propagation direction, polarization and frequency of the external gravitational field. That is, the induced interaction can be manipulated by varying the relative direction between the orientation of the objects with respect to the propagation direction of the incident gravitational radiation.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Quality of Life as an Explanation of the Divergence between Ranchers' WTA and WTP for Public Forage
Creators: name: Sun, Lili
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
name: Voss, Graham M.
name: Sun, Lili
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
name: Voss, Graham M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Farm Management

description: This research provides empirical support for divergence between WTA and WTP, based on results from a 2002 survey of Nevada ranchers. WTP for public forage and WTA compensation to part with grazing rights are estimated simultaneously, with the estimators demonstrating a statistically significant divergence while enabling identification of ranch characteristics that influence the discrepancy in valuations. We conclude that ranching lifestyle (quality of life) accounts for some of the difference between WTP and WTA.
The Principle of the Fermionic Projector: An Approach for Quantum Gravity?
Creators: name: Finster, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this short article we introduce the mathematical framework of the principle of the fermionic projector and set up a variational principle in discrete space-time. The underlying physical principles are discussed. We outline the connection to the continuum theory and state recent results. In the last two sections, we speculate on how it might be possible to describe quantum gravity within this framework.
description: 18 pages, LaTeX, few typos corrected (published version)
Additional file 1 of MRI background parenchymal enhancement, fibroglandular tissue, and mammographic breast density in patients with invasive lobular breast cancer on adjuvant endocrine hormonal treatment: associations with survival
Creators: name: Gullo, Roberto Lo
name: Daimiel, Isaac
name: Saccarelli, Carolina Rossi
name: Bitencourt, Almir
name: Varadan Sevilimedu
name: Martinez, Danny F.
name: Jochelson, Maxine S.
name: Morris, Elizabeth A.
name: Reiner, Jeffrey S.
name: Pinker, Katja
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. A1. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fat-suppressed subtraction maximum intensity projection images in the sagittal plane showing examples of minimal, mild, moderate and marked BPE, respectively.
Electrostatic traps for dipolar excitons
Creators: name: Rapaport, Ronen
name: Chen, Gang
name: Simon, Steve
name: Mitrofanov, Oleg
name: Pfeiffer, Loren
name: Platzman, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the design of two-dimensional electrostatic traps for dipolar indirect excitons. We show that the excitons dipole-dipole interaction, combined with the in-plane electric fields that arise due to the trap geometry, constrain the maximal density and lifetime of trapped excitons. We derive an analytic estimate of these values and determine their dependence on the trap geometry, thus suggesting the optimal design for high density trapping as a route for observing excitonic Bose-Einstein condensation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. This 2nd version contains a revised Fig.3 + minor revisions to the discussion and abstract
Indecomposable modules and Gelfand rings
Creators: name: Couchot, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13C05, 13A99

description: It is proved that a commutative ring is clean if and only if it is Gelfand with a totally disconnected maximal spectrum. Commutative rings for which each indecomposable module has a local endomorphism ring are studied. These rings are clean and elementary divisor rings.
Biological Invasions: The Case of Soybean Aphid Infestation
Creators: name: Kim, C.S.
name: Schaible, Glenn D.
name: Garrett, Lynn
name: Lubowski, Ruben N.
name: Lee, Donna J.
name: Kim, C.S.
name: Schaible, Glenn D.
name: Garrett, Lynn
name: Lubowski, Ruben N.
name: Lee, Donna J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Soybeans, the second highest cash crop following corn in the U.S., have come under attack by invasive species, the soybean aphid from the North and soybean rust from the South. We estimated the economic losses resulting from soybean aphid infestation by using a dynamic equilibrium model. Results indicate that, first, the reduction of soybean production resulting from soybean aphid infestation is largely absorbed by reducing soybean exports, due to the higher price elasticity of export demand compared to the domestic demand. Second, the economic losses to U.S. soybean producers would grow on average annually between $12.8 million and $23.4 million during the first five years of infestation. In the longer-run, soybean producers would suffer greater economic losses as the dispersion rate of infested soybean acreage with soybean aphids rises. However, the successful discovery of the soybean aphid gene (TF04048) Rag-1 (which confers resistance) does not at this time warrant soybean growers and policy-makers becoming too seriously alarmed. Even so, time is an important factor in the eventual control of the soybean aphid.
Additional file 1 of International severe asthma registry (ISAR): protocol for a global registry
Creators: name: J. Mark FitzGerald
name: Tran, Trung N.
name: Alacqua, Marianna
name: Altraja, Alan
name: Backer, Vibeke
name: Bjermer, Leif
name: Bjornsdottir, Unnur
name: Bourdin, Arnaud
name: Brusselle, Guy
name: Lakmini Bulathsinhala
name: Busby, John
name: Canonica, Giorgio W.
name: Carter, Victoria
name: Isha Chaudhry
name: Cho, You Sook
name: Christoff, George
name: Cosio, Borja G.
name: Costello, Richard W.
name: Eleangovan, Neva
name: Gibson, Peter G.
name: Heaney, Liam G.
name: Heffler, Enrico
name: Hew, Mark
name: Naeimeh Hosseini
name: Iwanaga, Takashi
name: Jackson, David J.
name: Jones, Rupert
name: Koh, Mariko S.
name: Le, Thao
name: Lehtimäki, Lauri
name: Ludviksdottir, Dora
name: Zee, Anke H. Maitland-Van Der
name: Menzies-Gow, Andrew
name: Murray, Ruth B.
name: Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.
name: Perez-De-Llano, Luis
name: Peters, Matthew
name: Pfeffer, Paul E.
name: Popov, Todor A.
name: Porsbjerg, Celeste M.
name: Price, Chris A.
name: Rhee, Chin K.
name: Sadatsafavi, Mohsen
name: Tohda, Yuji
name: Wang, Eileen
name: Wechsler, Michael E.
name: Zangrilli, James
name: Price, David B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix. International Severe Asthma Registry study group.
Deviations from Tribimaximal Neutrino Mixing
Creators: name: Plentinger, F.
name: Rodejohann, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current neutrino data are consistent with the so-called tribimaximal mixing scenario, which predicts \sin^2 θ_{12}=1/3, zero U_{e3} and maximal θ_{23}. This implies a special form of the neutrino mass matrix. Introducing small breaking terms in this mass matrix generates deviations from the tribimaximal scheme and leads to testable correlations between the parameters. They depend on where the perturbation is located in the mass matrix. A special case of such perturbations are radiative corrections. Alternative deviations from tribimaximal mixing may stem from contributions of the charged lepton sector. If there is quark-lepton-unification and it is the CKM matrix which corrects the tribimaximal mixing scheme, then almost maximal CP violation and sizable deviation from zero U_{e3} are implied.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures; to appear in PLB
Rock-paper-scissors models with a preferred mobility direction
Creators: name: Avelino, P. P.
name: de Oliveira, B. F.
name: Silva, J. V. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a modified spatial stochastic Lotka-Volterra formulation of the rock-paper-scissors model using off-lattice stochastic simulations. In this model one of the species moves preferentially in a specific direction -- the level of preference being controlled by a noise strength parameter $η\in [0, 1]$ ($η= 0$ and $η= 1$ corresponding to total preference and no preference, respectively) -- while the other two species have no referred direction of motion. We study the behaviour of the system starting from random initial conditions, showing that the species with asymmetric mobility has always an advantage over its predator. We also determine the optimal value of the noise strength parameter which gives the maximum advantage to that species. Finally, we find that the critical number of individuals, below which the probability of extinction becomes significant, decreases as the noise level increases, thus showing that the addition of a preferred mobility direction studied in the present paper does not favour coexistence.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 3 of The relationship between perceived school stress and satisfaction with life among Norwegian school-based adolescents and the moderating role of perceived teacher care: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Grasaas, Erik
name: Ostojic, Sergej
name: Sandbakk, Øyvind
name: Bjørnsen, Gunn
name: Sylta, Øystein
name: Høgli Major, Daniel
name: Jahre, Henriette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary File 3
Weyl-Titchmarsh Theory for CMV Operators Associated with Orthogonal Polynomials on the Unit Circle
Creators: name: Gesztesy, Fritz
name: Zinchenko, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34B20, 47A10, 47B36 (Primary) 34L40 (Secondary)

description: We provide a detailed treatment of Weyl-Titchmarsh theory for half-lattice and full-lattice Cantero-Moral-Velazquez (CMV) operators and discuss their systems of orthonormal Laurent polynomials on the unit circle, spectral functions, variants of Weyl--Titchmarsh functions, and Green's functions. In particular, we discuss the corresponding spectral representations of half-lattice and full-lattice CMV operators.
description: 41 pages
Additional file 1 of Implementing recommendations for inpatient healthcare provider encouragement of cardiac rehabilitation participation: development and evaluation of an online course
Creators: name: Pio, Carolina Santiago De Araújo
name: Gagliardi, Anna
name: Suskin, Neville
name: Ahmad, Farah
name: Grace, Sherry L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Coding Guide for Structured Observation of Patient-Provider Interaction. Appendix 2. Think Aloud Protocol and Semi-Structured Interview Guide for Tool / Course Pilot Test. Appendix 3. Online Course Surveys.
Estimating the Effect of the Chesapeake Bay Program on Application Rates for Enrollment in the Environmental Quality Incentive Program: A Case Study of Pennsylvania
Creators: name: Wright, Christopher
name: Wright, Christopher
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper is an evaluation of the Chesapeake Bay Program's (CBP) effect on farmers' willingness to participate in USDA agricultural conservation programs. Willingness to participate is demonstrated by submission of an application for enrollment in a conservation program. The estimation method is propensity score matching. Matching is one method which can be used to estimate treatment effects using observational studies when a control group is not available for purposes of comparing outcomes with treatment and without treatment.
Analyticity and loss of derivatives
Creators: name: Derridj, Makhlouf
name: Tartakoff, David S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35H10; 35N15

description: We prove local real analytic hypoellipticity for a sum of squares of complex vector fields studied by J.J. Kohn in a paper to appear in the Annals of Mathematics entitled "Hypoellipticity and loss of derivatives". The operator exhibits a loss of many derivatives but is nonetheless hypoelliptic, and, using L2 methods, we prove analytic hypoellipticity.
description: 5 pages
Additional file 1 of Light Trapping Induced High Short-Circuit Current Density in III-Nitride Nanorods/Si (111) Heterojunction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Chang, Ching-Wen
name: Paritosh V. Wadekar
name: Huang, Hui-Chun
name: Quark Yung-Sung Chen
name: Yuh-Renn Wu
name: Chen, Ray T.
name: Tu, Li-Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparison of the performance of III-nitride nanorods solar cells. Table S2. The comparison of photocurrent density at negative biases where the S-shape is flattened. Figure S1. The atomic-resolution TEM images of InGaN for In0.08Ga0.92N (Sample B) show dislocation free and lattice constant c. Figure S2. (a) The HAADF image of Sample C. (b) EDS line scan of a single nanorod.
Fostering growth of the rural non-farm sector in Africa: The Case of Tanzania
Creators: name: Sundaram-Stukel, Reka
name: Deininger, Klaus W.
name: Jin, Songqing
name: Sundaram-Stukel, Reka
name: Deininger, Klaus W.
name: Jin, Songqing
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: We use a survey of small rural enterprises from Tanzania to demonstrate quantitatively the economic importance of this sector and to identify participants' characteristics and obstacles to the sector's expansion and productivity. In stark contrast to most of the findings for the formal sector where taxation and other regulatory constraints were identified as key constraints in most of the countries, infrastructure constraints (but not regulatory obstacles) pose a formidable barrier to rural households' participation in rural non-farm and to investment and increased productivity by existing ones. The fact that such constraints emerge as particularly harmful for small enterprises suggests that policies to improve delivery of the public services in question will be important to provide a basis for a flourishing rural non-farm sector which in turn will have an important role for poverty reduction.
Total and differential cross sections of the $\boldsymbol{dp\to {}^3}\textrm{He}\,\boldsymbolη$ reaction at excess energies between 1 and 15 MeV
Creators: name: Fritzsch, C.
name: Barsov, S.
name: Burmeister, I.
name: Dymov, S.
name: Gebel, R.
name: Hartmann, M.
name: Kacharava, A.
name: Khoukaz, A.
name: Komarov, V.
name: Kulessa, P.
name: Kulikov, A.
name: Lehrach, A.
name: Lorentz, B.
name: Mchedlishvili, D.
name: Mersmann, T.
name: Mielke, M.
name: Mikirtychiants, S.
name: Nioradze, M.
name: Ohm, H.
name: Papenbrock, M.
name: Prasuhn, D.
name: Serdyuk, V.
name: Ströher, H.
name: Täschner, A.
name: Valdau, Yu.
name: Wilkin, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New high precision total and differential cross sections are reported for the $dp\to {}^3\textrm{He}\,η$ reaction close to threshold. The measurements were performed using the magnetic spectrometer ANKE, which is an internal fixed target facility at the COSY cooler synchrotron. The data were taken for deuteron beam momenta between $3.14641~\textrm{GeV}/c$ and $3.20416~\textrm{GeV}/c$, which corresponds to the range in excess energy $Q$ for this reaction between $1.14~\textrm{MeV}$ and $15.01~\textrm{MeV}$. The normalization was established through the measurement in parallel of deuteron-proton elastic scattering and this was checked through the study of the $dp\to {}^3\textrm{He}\,π^0$ reaction. The previously indicated possible change of sign of the slope of the differential cross sections near the production threshold, which could be explained by a rapid variation of the $s$- and $p$-wave interference term, is not confirmed by the new data. The energy dependence of the total cross section and the $90^{\circ}$ slope parameter are well explained by describing the final state interaction in terms of a complex Jost function and the results are significant in the discussion of $η$-mesic nuclei. In combination with recently published WASA-at-COSY data [P. Adlarson $et\, al.$, Phys. Lett. B 782, 297 (2018)], a smooth variation of the slope parameter is achieved up to an excess energy of $80.9~\textrm{MeV}$.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, preprint submitted to Physical Review C
INTERACTIVE METHODS IN DEVELOPING YOUNG LEARNERS' SPEAKING SKILLS
Creators: name: Rashidova, Zamona
name: Asadova, Chekhrangiz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this article, the development of speech skills.  The article aims to analyze the impact of interactive technologies on the motivation and fluency of young learners.  Improving students' speaking skills.  The article promotes the motivation of young students, expands their worldview, and helps create a comfortable learning environment.
Analytical Solutions of Radiative Transfer Equations in Accretion Discs with Finite Optical Depth
Creators: name: Samadi, Maryam
name: Habibi, Fahimeh
name: Abbassi, Shahram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main purpose of this paper is to obtain analytical solutions for radiative transfer equations related to the vertical structure of accretion discs with finite optical depth. In the non-gray atmosphere, we employ the optical-depth dependent Eddington factor to define the relationship between the mean intensity and radiation stress tensor. Analytical solutions are achieved for two cases: (i) radiative equilibrium, and (ii) a disc with uniform internal heating and both cases are assumed to be in local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE), too. These solutions enable us to study the probable role of scattering and disc optical depth on the emergent intensity and other radiative quantities. Our results show that for the first case, the surface value of mean intensity with constant Eddington factor is three times larger than that with a variable factor. Moreover, scattering has no role in the vertical radiative structure of discs with the assumptions of the first case. On the other hand, for the second case, we encounter reductions in all radiative quantities as the photon destruction probability decreases (which is equivalent to increasing scattering). Furthermore, for both cases with total optical depth less than unity, the outward intensity towards the polar direction becomes less than that from the edges of disc which is contrary to limb-darkening. In the end, we apply our results to find the spectrum from accretion systems, based on two dynamical models. Consequently, we can see how the total optical depth varies with frequency and causes remarkable changes in the emergent spectra.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Disproving Causal Relationships Using Observational Data
Creators: name: Bryant, Henry L.
name: Bessler, David A.
name: Haigh, Michael S.
name: Bryant, Henry L.
name: Bessler, David A.
name: Haigh, Michael S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Economic theory is replete with causal hypotheses that are scarcely tested because economists are generally constrained to work with observational data. This article describes the use of causal inference methods for testing a hypothesis that one random variable causes another. Contingent on a sufficiently strong correspondence between the hypothesized cause and effect, an appropriately related third variable can be employed for such a test. The procedure is intuitive, and is easy to implement. The basic logic of the procedure naturally suggests strong and weak grounds for rejecting the hypothesized causal relationship. Monte Carlo results suggest that weakly-grounded rejections are unreliable for small samples, but reasonably reliable for large samples. Strongly-grounded rejections are highly reliable, even for small samples.
Teleportation and Dense Coding with Genuine Multipartite Entanglement
Creators: name: Yeo, Ye
name: Chua, Wee Kang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an explicit protocol ${\cal E}_0$ for faithfully teleporting an arbitrary two-qubit state via a genunie four-qubit entangled state. By construction, our four-partite state is not reducible to a pair of Bell states. Its properties are compared and contrasted with those of the four-party GHZ and W states. We also give a dense coding scheme ${\cal D}_0$ involving our state as a shared resource of entanglement. Both ${\cal D}_0$ and ${\cal E}_0$ indicate that our four-qubit state is a likely candidate for the genunine four-partite analogue to a Bell state.
description: 9 pages, 0 figure
Fluctuations and NA49
Creators: name: Gazdzicki, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief history of the study of fluctuations in high energy nuclear collisions at the CERN SPS performed by NA49 is presented. The ideas and the corresponding experimental data on fluctuations are discussed from the point of view of their sensitivity to the onset of deconfinement.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures, talk presented at the International Workshop on Correlations and Fluctuations, MIT, USA, April 21-23, 2005
Is Risk Aversion Really Correlated with Wealth? How estimated probabilities introduce spurious correlation
Creators: name: Lybbert, Travis J.
name: Just, David R.
name: Lybbert, Travis J.
name: Just, David R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Economists attribute many common behaviors to risk aversion and frequently focus on how wealth moderates risk preferences. This paper highlights a problem associated with empirical tests of the relationship between wealth and risk aversion that can arise when the probabilities individuals face are unobservable to researchers. The common remedy for unobservable probabilities involves the estimation of probabilities in a profit or production that includes farmer, farm and agro-climatic variables. Unfortunately, these variables are often correlated with wealth such that estimated probabilities are likely to leave statistical fingerprints on subsequently-estimated risk aversion coefficients and may thereby introduce spurious correlations between wealth and risk preferences. In this paper, we use data from an experiment conducted among 290 Indian farmers to detect these spurious correlations. We estimate coefficients of risk aversion with known probabilities and with estimated probabilities and compare subsequent correlations with wealth and other farmer traits. We estimate 'unobservable' probabilities in conjunction with risk preferences following a standard field data approach. We explore the statistical implications of estimating probabilities by comparing correlations between wealth and these two sets of estimated risk preferences. These comparisons show how estimated probabilities can change risk aversion coefficients substantially and introduce spurious correlations between risk aversion and wealth.
Additional file 6 of Ovine congenital progressive muscular dystrophy (OCPMD) is a model of TNNT1 congenital myopathy
Creators: name: Clayton, Joshua S.
name: Elyshia L. McNamara
name: Goullee, Hayley
name: Conijn, Stefan
name: Muthsam, Keren
name: Musk, Gabrielle C.
name: Coote, David
name: Kijas, James
name: Testa, Alison C.
name: Taylor, Rhonda L.
name: O’Hara, Amanda J.
name: Groth, David
name: Ottenheijm, Coen
name: Ravenscroft, Gianina
name: Laing, Nigel G.
name: Nowak, Kristen J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 6: Figure S5. Replicate western blots show no significant increase in TNNT1 protein in affected sheep. A) Replicate western blots for TNNT1 (HPA058448) from vastus intermedius of 1-year old wild-type (WT), carrier (CA), and affected (AF) sheep. Human control is a skeletal muscle sample from quadriceps of a healthy individual. Coomassie-stained myosin gel band (total myosin) was used as a loading control. Top and bottom of each image represent 40 and 30 kDa bounds, respectively. Densitometry was performed using ImageJ and resulting values are indicated below each lane; TNNT1 signal was normalized to total myosin and is presented relative to the matched wild-type. B) Relative TNNT1 protein abundance, as calculated from blots in (A). Statistical differences were assessed using a two-tailed, unpaired t-test. ns = not significant. C) Western blot from anconeus and triceps of age-matched wild-type and affected sheep. Densitometry was performed as above.