cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Noise reduction in heat-assisted magnetic recording by optimizing a high/low Tc bilayer structure
Creators: name: Muthsam, Olivia
name: Vogler, Christoph
name: Suess, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is assumed that heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is the recording technique of the future. For pure hard magnetic grains in high density media with an average diameter of $5$nm and a height of $10$nm the switching probability is not sufficiently high for the use in bit-patterned media. Using a bilayer structure with 50$\%$ hard magnetic material with low Curie temperature and 50$\%$ soft magnetic material with high Curie temperature to obtain more than 99.2$\%$ switching probability, leads to very large jitter. We propose an optimized material composition to reach a switching probability of $P_{\mathrm{switch}}>99.2\%$ and simultaneously achieve the narrow transition jitter of pure hard magnetic material. Simulations with a continuous laser spot were performed with the atomistic simulation program VAMPIRE for a single cylindrical recording grain with a diameter of 5nm and a height of 10nm. Different configurations of soft magnetic material and different amounts of hard and soft magnetic material were tested and discussed. Within our analysis, a composition with 20$\%$ soft magnetic and $80\%$ hard magnetic material reaches the best results with a switching probability $P_{\mathrm{switch}}>99.2\%$, an off-track jitter parameter $σ_{\mathrm{off},80/20}=14.2$K and a down-track jitter parameter $σ_{\mathrm{down},80/20}=0.49$nm.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
Despertador espiritual: Digital edition
Creators: name: Leblanc Elina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Spanish literature
Digital edition
XML-TEI

description: Digital edition of a Spanish pliego de cordel, published by the Andalusian printer José María Moreno (19th c.). It contains the XML-TEI file of the edition, as well as the files that led to this edition, i.e. the digital facsimiles (raw and retouched), and the transcription produced by the OCR tool Transkribus (PAGE-XML). This digital edition is a part of the research project Desenrollando el cordel / Untangling the cordel / Démêler le cordel (2020-2022), led by the professor Constance Carta at the University of Geneva and supported by the philanthropic Sandoz-Monique de Meuron Family Foundation.
title: Una enfermedad social: la histeria y los roles de género en Doña Milagros (1894), de Emilia Pardo Bazán
Creators: name: McAlister, Colleen
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2020

description: Desde la antigüedad, la histeria se consideraba una condición femenina. En textos y discursos médicos, la enfermedad se atribuía al desplazamiento del útero de la mujer (Veith 1-2). Esta teoría uterina continuó siendo la más aceptada hasta el siglo XVII, época en que los médicos asociaban la histeria con un problema cerebral o del sistema nervioso como causa de dicha enfermedad. Asimismo, la existencia de una histeria masculina fue sugerida en un primer momento por el médico francés Charles Lepois en el siglo XVII, aunque no fue hasta el siglo XIX que la comunidad médica tomó en serio esta idea (Micale 366). La teoría uterina experimentó una revitalización en los siglos XVIII-XIX y también surgió la noción de que la histeria podría ser causada por un problema ovular. A mediados del siglo XIX, el médico francés Pierre Briquet fue el primero en rechazar por completo las teorías uterinas y de los ovarios, y abogar por una causa puramente neurológica, facilitando así la posibilidad de estudiar el fenómeno de la histeria masculina (368-69). Hacia finales del mismo siglo, el neurólogo francés Jean-Martin Charcot profundizó en el estudio de las causas y los síntomas de la histeria tanto en las mujeres como en los hombres, y el concepto de una histeria masculina llegó a ser aceptado debido, en gran medida, a su trabajo en el Hospital de la Salpêtrière en París (The Tuesday Lessons 116). La histeria continuó llevando consigo una distinción de género, aun con el abandono de la teoría uterina y la inclusión del hombre en la conceptualización científica de esta enfermedad.1 A diferencia de la histeria femenina, explicada por las cualidades inherentes y los excesos de emoción característicos de la mujer, la histeria masculina se atribuyó más a los factores externos con los que el hombre tenía que enfrentarse en su vida diaria (Furst 113-14). De esta manera, las perspectivas dominantes de la época sobre el comportamiento social normativo de cada sexo, y las diferencias biológicas y psicológicas entre ellos, figuraban en la distinción teórica entre una histeria femenina y otra masculina (Showalter 308-09, Ender 33). Aunque esta diferenciación fue aceptada por una gran parte de la comunidad médica, los intelectuales decimonónicos de otros campos aportaron sus propias contribuciones a las interpretaciones de esta enfermedad.
title: ‘Partners in Light:’ How Plastics Enabled Fluorescent Lighting and the Modern Office.”
title: 'Partners in Light'
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Leslie, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Lighting
subject: Fluorescent Lights
subject: Office Planning
subject: Human Comfort
subject: Plastics
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Writing in 1946, Charles Breskin, the editor of Modern Plastics, suggested that designers were emerging from the “dark ages” of commercial lighting. While construction in America had lagged during the Depression and World War, scientific advances in many areas of building technology had surged, and new demand for residential and commercial space was matched by the desire for more efficient, comfortable, and mechanized buildings. While advances in building cladding and servicing have been well-covered, one key development—matching chemical developments in plastics with electrical and illuminatory advances in fluorescent lighting—had equally revolutionary impacts on building interiors. Fluorescent lighting as a technology dated to the late 19th century, but it only saw commercial development with the expiration of incandescent patents in the 1930s. Keen to develop a new market for a product that they could still claim as exclusive, General Electric pushed early fluorescent systems to market by 1934. These lamps offered cool, energy efficient light that was ideal for factories, but they also saw early use in office buildings. Among their benefits was the ease they offered in controlling and directing their light. While incandescent lamps ran hot, requiring heat- and ignition- proof housings of metal, fluorescents could be paired with diffusers, reflectors, and housings made of more easily molded plastic. Underwriters Laboratories approved the first polystyrene holders for fluorescents in 1945, which allowed lighting designers wide latitude in the way fluorescent light could be focused, reflected, directed, and shaded. The first systems to provide truly even light distribution over wide floor and desk areas followed. Along with the ubiquitous sealed curtain wall and perimeter air conditioning units, office buildings of the 1950s quickly took advantage of fluorescents’ easy pairing with scientifically designed housings that enabled regular, gridded ceiling layouts—a key influence in the development of the open plan, modular office.
Compensation of aberration and speckle noise in quantitative phase imaging using lateral shifting and spiral phase integration
Creators: name: Choi, Inhyeok
name: Lee, Kyeoreh
name: Park, YongKeun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple and effective method to eliminate system aberrations and speckle noise in quantitative phase imaging. Using spiral integration, complete information about system aberration is calculated from three laterally shifted phase images. The present method is especially useful when measuring confluent samples in which acquisition of background area is challenging. To demonstrate validity and applicability, we present measurements of various types of samples including microspheres, HeLa cells, and mouse brain tissue. Working conditions and limitations are systematically analyzed and discussed.
Removing radio interference from contaminated astronomical spectra using an independent reference signal and closure relations
Creators: name: Briggs, F. H.
name: Bell, J. F.
name: Kesteven, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growing level of radio frequency interference (RFI) is a recognized problem for research in radio astronomy. This paper describes an intuitive but powerful RFI cancellation technique that is suitable for radio spectroscopy where time-averages are recorded. An RFI ``reference signal,'' is constructed from the cross power spectrum of the signals from the two polarizations of a reference horn pointed at the source of the RFI signal. The RFI signal paths obey simple phase and amplitude closure relations, which allows computation of the RFI contamination in the astronomical data and the corrections to be applied to the astronomical spectra. Since the method is immune to the effects of multipath scattering in both the astronomy and reference signal channels, ``clean copies'' of the RFI signal are not required. The method could be generalized (1) to interferometer arrays, (2) to correct for scattered solar radiation that causes spectral ``standing waves'' in single-dish spectroscopy, and (3) to pulsar survey and timing applications where a digital correlator plays an important role in broadband pulse dedispersion. Future large radio telescopes, such as the proposed LOFAR and SKA arrays, will require a high degree of RFI suppression and could implement the technique proposed here with the benefit of faster electronics, greater digital precision and higher data rates.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted at AJ
Invasion moving boundary problem for a biofilm reactor model
Creators: name: D'Acunto, Berardino
name: Frunzo, Luigi
name: Luongo, Vincenzo
name: Mattei, Maria Rosaria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2
subject: 92Bxx

description: The work presents the analysis of the free boundary value problem related to the invasion model of new species in biofilm reactors. In the framework of continuum approach to mathematical modelling of biofilm growth, the problem consists of a system of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations governing the microbial species growth and a system of semi-linear elliptic partial differential equations describing the substrate trends. The model is completed with a system of elliptic partial differential equations governing the diffusion and reaction of planktonic cells, which are able to switch their mode of growth from planktonic to sessile when specific environmental conditions are found. Two systems of nonlinear differential equations for the substrate and planktonic cells mass balance within the bulk liquid are also considered. The free boundary evolution is governed by a differential equation that accounts for detachment. The qualitative analysis is performed and a uniqueness and existence result is discussed. Furthermore, two special models of biological and engineering interest are discussed numerically. The invasion of Anammox bacteria in a constituted biofilm inhabiting the deammonification units of the wastewater treatment plants is simulated. Numerical simulations are run to evaluate the influence of the colonization process on biofilm structure and activity.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, original paper
Converting Pirates without Cannibalizing Purchasers: The Impact of Digital Distribution on Physical Sales and Internet Piracy
Creators: name: Danaher, Brett
name: Dhanasobhon, Samita
name: Smith, Michael
name: Telang, Rahul
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: With the rise of Napster, BitTorrent, and other tools facilitating Internet piracy, rights holders have understandably become very concerned with the development of strategies to mitigate the impact of piracy on sales. These tools fall into three general categories: litigation, countermeasures, and competition. The literature has addressed the effectiveness of the first two anti-piracy strategies. In this paper we address the third strategy using NBC’s decision to remove its content from Apple’s iTunes store in December 2007 as a natural shock to the legitimate supply of digital content. To address this question we collect two large datasets from Mininova and Amazon.com documenting the levels of piracy and DVD sales for both NBC and other major networks’ content around this event. We then analyze this data in a difference-in-difference model and find that NBC’s decision to remove its content from iTunes is causally associated with a 19.99% increase in the demand for NBC's pirated content. This is roughly equivalent to an increase of 92,612 downloads a day for NBC’s content. Moreover, we see no change in demand for NBC’s DVD content associated with this change.
Geodesic behavior for Finsler metrics of constant positive flag curvature on $S^2$
Creators: name: Bryant, R. L.
name: Foulon, P.
name: Ivanov, S.
name: Matveev, V. S.
name: Ziller, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C60, 53C22, 52C24

description: We study non-reversible Finsler metrics with constant flag curvature 1 on S^2 and show that the geodesic flow of every such metric is conjugate to that of one of Katok's examples, which form a 1-parameter family. In particular, the length of the shortest closed geodesic is a complete invariant of the geodesic flow. We also show, in any dimension, that the geodesic flow of a Finsler metrics with constant positive flag curvature is completely integrable. Finally, we give an example of a Finsler metric on~$S^2$ with positive flag curvature such that no two closed geodesics intersect and show that this is not possible when the metric is reversible or have constant flag curvature
On atomic structure of Guinier-Preston Zone in Mg-Zn-Gd alloy
Creators: name: Gu, Xin-Fu
name: Furuhara, Tadashi
name: Kiguchi, Takanori
name: Konno, Toyohiko J.
name: Chen, Leng
name: Yang, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The atomic structure of Guinier-Preston (G.P.) zone in an Mg-Zn-Gd alloy has been determined by combining atomic resolution high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and first-principles calculation. The G.P. Zone consists of three atomic layers paralleling to (0001) plane of Mg matrix, where two outer layers enrich with Gd while the middle layer enriches with Zn. Moreover, it is found that most of the structures reported previously are unstable and should converge to the present result after atomic relaxation, even though the atomic species and positions in the middle layer vary in those models.
description: Submitted
The Thirring quantum cellular automaton
Creators: name: Bisio, A.
name: D'Ariano, G. M.
name: Perinotti, P.
name: Tosini, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically diagonalize a discrete-time on-site interacting fermionic cellular automaton in the two-particle sector. Important features of the solutions sensibly differ from those of analogous Hamiltonian models. In particular, we found a wider variety of scattering processes, we have bound states for every value of the total momentum, and there exist bound states also in the free case, where the coupling constant is null.
description: 4 pages+references, Revtex style, 2 figures, supplemental material included as appendix
Despertador espiritual: Digital edition
Creators: name: Leblanc Elina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Spanish literature
Digital edition
XML-TEI

description: Digital edition of a Spanish pliego de cordel, published by the Andalusian printer José María Moreno (19th c.). It contains the XML-TEI file of the edition, as well as the files that led to this edition, i.e. the digital facsimiles (raw and retouched), and the transcription produced by the OCR tool Transkribus (PAGE-XML). This digital edition is a part of the research project Desenrollando el cordel / Untangling the cordel / Démêler le cordel (2020-2022), led by the professor Constance Carta at the University of Geneva and supported by the philanthropic Sandoz-Monique de Meuron Family Foundation.
1/q^2 Corrections and Gauge/String Duality
Creators: name: Andreev, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make an estimate of the quadratic correction based on gauge/string duality. Like in QCD, it proves to be negative and proportional to the string tension.
description: 6 pages
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE DIRECT METHOD OF LANGUAGE TEACHING
Creators: name: Tursinbaeva, Dilbar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article explores the Direct Method of language teaching, a communicative approach that emphasizes direct interaction in the target language and minimizes reliance on translation. It examines the advantages of this method, including its natural, communicative focus, its ability to promote fluency and spontaneous language use, and its emphasis on authentic materials and real-world scenarios. However, the article also addresses the potential disadvantages of the Direct Method, such as its reliance on skilled teachers, its challenges for learners with limited prior knowledge, and its potential for overlooking grammatical accuracy. Ultimately, the article suggests that the Direct Method, when implemented effectively, can be a valuable tool for language learning but requires careful consideration of its strengths and weaknesses and its suitability for diverse learning contexts.
MOESM1 of The effects of volume of interest delineation on MRI-based radiomics analysis: evaluation with two disease groups
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Zhong, Liming
name: Zhang, Bin
name: Zhang, Lu
name: Du, Haiyan
name: Lu, Lijun
name: Zhang, Shuixing
name: Yang, Wei
name: Feng, Qianjin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Note S1 : the inclusion criteria and flow chart of the patient data. Note S2: radiomics features. Note S3: 0.632+ bootstrap feature selection. Figure S1. The inclusion criteria and flow chart of nasopharyngeal carcinoma data. Figure S2. The inclusion criteria and flow chart of breast cancer data. Table S1. Radiomics features type and number. Table S2. Prediction results of radiomics models from diverse VOIs on the training cohorts of two disease groups. Table S3. Radiomics features for the Dilation7 (dilation with structural element radius size of 7) model as well as the ICCs for metastasis estimation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
title: Lecturas intertextuales en los folletines gauchescos de Eduardo Gutiérrez: Desde Juan Moreira hasta Los hermanos Barrientos
Creators: name: McGill, Carlos Rodríguez
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: Desde nuestra época, ya en pleno siglo XXI, nos resulta difícil trasladarnos imaginariamente hacia el 1880 rioplatense, para vislumbrar la importancia que las obras de Eduardo Gutiérrez tuvieron para aquellos lectores de la Argentina del “salto modernizador,” de finales del siglo XIX (Ludmer 229). La popularidad de aquellos folletines de Gutiérrez se transformó en un fenómeno literario nunca visto hasta ese entonces en el país, como testimonia León Benarós: “Por primera y última vez el público se agolpaba a las puertas del diario La Patria Argentina para seguir el folletín que Gutiérrez había escrito quizá la noche anterior o algunos días antes” (14). En realidad, como confiesa el crítico Roberto Giusti “todos leímos a Gutiérrez,” que junto con José Hernández, eran los dos autores nacionales más fielmente leídos en aquellos días (182).
Converting Pirates without Cannibalizing Purchasers: The Impact of Digital Distribution on Physical Sales and Internet Piracy
Creators: name: Danaher, Brett
name: Dhanasobhon, Samita
name: Smith, Michael
name: Telang, Rahul
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The availability of digital channels for media distribution has raised several important questions for marketers, notably whether digital distribution channels will cannibalize physical sales and whether legitimate digital distribution channels will dissuade consumers from using (illegitimate) digital piracy channels. We address these two questions using the removal of NBC content from Apple’s iTunes store in December 2007, and its restoration in September 2008, as natural shocks to the supply of legitimate digital content, and analyzing its impact on demand through BitTorrent piracy channels and the Amazon.com DVD store. To do this we collect two large datasets from Mininova and Amazon.com documenting levels of piracy and DVD sales for both NBC and other major networks’ content around these events. We analyze this data in a difference-in-difference model and find that NBC’s decision to remove its content from iTunes in December 2007 is causally associated with an 11.2% increase in the demand for pirated content. This is roughly equivalent to an increase of 49,000 downloads a day for NBC’s content and is approximately twice as large as the total legal purchases on iTunes for the same content in the period preceding the removal. We also find evidence of a smaller, and statistically insignificant, decrease in piracy for the same content when it was restored to the iTunes store in September 2008. Finally, we see no change in demand for NBC’s DVD content at Amazon.com associated with NBC’s closing or reopening of their digital distribution channel on iTunes.
The Flavor Asymmetry of the Nucleon Sea
Creators: name: Steffens, F. M.
name: Thomas, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We re-examine the effects of anti-symmetry on the anti-quarks in the nucleon sea arising from gluon exchange and pion exchange between confined quarks. While the effect is primarily to suppress anti-down relative to anti-up quarks, this is numerically insignificant for the pion terms.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. C
Monte Carlo Greeks for financial products via approximative Greenian kernels
Creators: name: Kampen, Jörg
name: Kolodko, Anastasia
name: Schoenmakers, John G. M.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: American options
subject: Sensitivities
subject: Monte-Carlo methods
subject: WKB expansions
subject: 60H10
subject: 62G07
subject: 65C05

description: In this paper we introduce efficient Monte Carlo estimators for the valuation of high-dimensional derivatives and their sensitivities (''Greeks''). These estimators are based on an analytical, usually approximative representation of the underlying density. We study approximative densities obtained by the WKB method. The results are applied in the context of a Libor market model.
Exact artificial boundary conditions for problems with periodic structures
Creators: name: Ehrhardt, Matthias
name: Zheng, Chunxiong
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: artificial boundary conditions
subject: periodic potential
subject: Schrödinger equation
subject: hyperbolic equation
subject: unbounded domain
subject: 65M99
subject: 81-08

description: Based on the work of Zheng on the artificial boundary condition for the Schrödinger equation with sinusoidal potentials at infinity, an analytical impedance expression is presented for general second order ODE problems with periodic coefficients and its validity is shown to be strongly supported by numerical evidences. This new expression for the kernel of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann mapping of the artificial boundary conditions is then used for computing the bound states of the Schrödinger operator with periodic potentials at infinity. Other potential applications are associated with the exact artificial boundary conditions for some time-dependent problems with periodic structures. As an example, a two-dimensional hyperbolic equation modeling the TM polarization of the electromagnetic field with a periodic dielectric permittivity is considered.
CPT and Lorentz violation en the Photon and $Z$-boson sector
Creators: name: Colladay, D.
name: Noordmans, J. P.
name: Potting, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CPT and Lorentz violation in the photon sector is described within the minimal Standard-Model Extension by a dimension-3 Chern-Simons-like operator parametrized by a four-vector parameter $k_{AF}$ that has been very tightly bounded by astrophysical observations. On the other hand, in the context of the $SU(2)\times U(1)$ electroweak gauge sector of the Standard-Model Extension, CPT and Lorentz violation is described similarly, by dimension-3 operators parametrized by four-vector parameters $k_1$ and $k_2$. In this work, we investigate in detail the effects of the resulting CPT and Lorentz violation in the photon and $Z$-boson sectors upon electroweak-symmetry breaking. In particular, we show that for the photon sector the relevant Lorentz-violating effects are described at lowest order by the $k_{AF}$ term, but that there are higher-order momentum-dependent effects due to photon-$Z$ boson mixing. As bounds on CPT and Lorentz violation in the $Z$ sector are relatively weak, these effects could be important phenomenologically. We investigate these effects in detail in this work.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Development and validation of a machine learning model to predict imminent new vertebral fractures after vertebral augmentation
Creators: name: Jiang, Yang
name: Cai, Jinhui
name: Zeng, Yurong
name: Ye, Haoyi
name: Yang, Tingqian
name: Liu, Zhifeng
name: Liu, Qingyu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Details of parameters for 1.5 Tesla T1-w MRI imaging protocols. Supplementary Table 2. Radiomics features final selected by lasso regression and the coefficient to develop the radiomics signature.
Numerical simulation of waves in periodic structures
Creators: name: Ehrhardt, Matthias
name: Han, Houde
name: Zheng, Chunxiong
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: periodic media
subject: Helmholtz equation
subject: Schrödinger equation
subject: Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps
subject: Robin-to-Robin maps
subject: band structure
subject: Floquet-Bloch theory
subject: high-order finite elements
subject: 35B27
subject: 65M99
subject: 35Q60
subject: 35J05
subject: 02.70.Bf
subject: 31.15.-p
subject: 42.82.Et
subject: 85.35.-p
subject: 85.35.Be

description: In this work we present a new numerical technique for solving periodic structure problems. This new approach possesses several advantages. First, it allows for a fast evaluation of the Robin-to-Robin operator for periodic array problems. Secondly, this computational method can also be used for bi-periodic structure problems with local defects. Our strategy is an improvement of the recently developed recursive doubling process by Yuan and Lu.
 In this paper we consider several problems, such as the exterior elliptic problems with strong coercivity, the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and finally the Helmholtz equation with damping.
Stochastic Deformations of Sample Paths of Random Walks and Exclusion Models
Creators: name: Fayolle, Guy
name: Furtlehner, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study in centered on models accounting for stochastic deformations of sample paths of random walks, embedded either in $\mathbb{Z}^2$ or in $\mathbb{Z}^3$. These models are immersed in multi-type particle systems with exclusion. Starting from examples, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the underlying Markov processes to be reversible, in which case their invariant measure has a Gibbs form. Letting the size of the sample path increase, we find the convenient scalings bringing to light phase transition phenomena. Stable and metastable configurations are bound to time-periods of limiting deterministic trajectories which are solution of nonlinear differential systems: in the example of the ABC model, a system of Lotka-Volterra class is obtained, and the periods involve elliptic, hyper-elliptic or more general functions. Lastly, we discuss briefly the contour of a general approach allowing to tackle the transient regime via differential equations of Burgers' type.
description: Conference Proceedings, MathInfo2004, Vienna, 15 pages, 1 figure
Attacks on the Search-RLWE problem with small errors
Creators: name: Chen, Hao
name: Lauter, Kristin
name: Stange, Katherine E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Ring Learning-With-Errors (RLWE) problem shows great promise for post-quantum cryptography and homomorphic encryption. We describe a new attack on the non-dual search RLWE problem with small error widths, using ring homomorphisms to finite fields and the chi-squared statistical test. In particular, we identify a "subfield vulnerability" (Section 5.2) and give a new attack which finds this vulnerability by mapping to a finite field extension and detecting non-uniformity with respect to the number of elements in the subfield. We use this attack to give examples of vulnerable RLWE instances in Galois number fields. We also extend the well-known search-to-decision reduction result to Galois fields with any unramified prime modulus q, regardless of the residue degree f of q, and we use this in our attacks. The time complexity of our attack is O(nq2f), where n is the degree of K and f is the residue degree of q in K. We also show an attack on the non-dual (resp. dual) RLWE problem with narrow error distributions in prime cyclotomic rings when the modulus is a ramified prime (resp. any integer). We demonstrate the attacks in practice by finding many vulnerable instances and successfully attacking them. We include the code for all attacks.
Additional file 2 of Development and validation of a machine learning model to predict imminent new vertebral fractures after vertebral augmentation
Creators: name: Jiang, Yang
name: Cai, Jinhui
name: Zeng, Yurong
name: Ye, Haoyi
name: Yang, Tingqian
name: Liu, Zhifeng
name: Liu, Qingyu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure 1. Construction and Performance of the radiomics signature. (a,b) Radiomics feature selection using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) logistic regression. (a) Selection of the tuning parameter (λ). (b) LASSO coefficient profiles of the 514 radiomics features. (c) Waterfall plot for the distribution of radiomics score and two groups of individual patients in all enrolled patients.
Contagion in the European Sovereign Debt Crisis
Creators: name: Glover, Brent
name: Richards-Shubik, Seth
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: We use a network model of credit risk to measure market expectations of the potential spillovers from a sovereign default. Specifically, we develop an empirical model, based on the recent theoretical literature on contagion in financial networks, and estimate it with data on sovereign credit default swap spreads and the detailed structure of financial linkages among thirteen European sovereigns from 2005 to 2011. Simulations from the estimated model show that a sovereign default generates only small spillovers to other sovereigns. These results imply that credit markets do not demand a significant premium for the interconnectedness of sovereign debt in Europe.
Consumer Surplus in the Digital Economy: Estimating the Value of Increased Product Variety
Creators: name: Brynjolfsson, Erik
name: Smith, Michael
name: Hu, Yu
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: We present a framework and empirical estimates that quantify the economic impact of increased product variety made available through electronic markets. Recent research has focused on the effect of increased competition on Internet market efficiency. While these efficiency gains significantly enhance consumer welfare, for instance by leading to lower average selling prices, our present research shows that increased product variety made available through electronic markets can be a significantly larger source of consumer welfare gains. One reason for increased product variety on the Internet is the ability of online retailers to stock, display, and sell a large number of products. For example, the number of book titles available at Amazon.com is over 18 times larger than the number at a typical Barnes & Noble superstore, and 45 times greater than the number of books available at a typical large independent bookstore. Our analysis indicates that the increased product variety of online bookstores enhanced consumer welfare by $756 million to $971 million dollars in the year 2000, which is at least five times as large as the consumer welfare gain from increased competition and lower prices in this market. There may also be large welfare gains in other SKU-intensive consumer goods such as music, movies, consumer electronics, and computer software and hardware.
Dynamic fractals in spatial evolutionary games
Creators: name: Kolotev, Sergei
name: Malyutin, Aleksandr
name: Burovski, Evgeni
name: Krashakov, Sergei
name: Shchur, Lev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate critical properties of a spatial evolutionary game based on the Prisoner's Dilemma. Simulations demonstrate a jump in the component densities accompanied by drastic changes in average sizes of the component clusters. We argue that the cluster boundary is a random fractal. Our simulations are consistent with the fractal dimension of the boundary being equal to 2, and the cluster boundaries are hence asymptotically space filling as the system size increases.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
title: Spectators, Spectacles and the Desiring Eye/I in La Regenta
Creators: name: McKinney, Collin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2006

description: To what extent is the seeing/being seen dyad akin to a theatrical performance? Take the example of Saturnino Bermúdez’s cathedral tour in the opening chapter of Leopoldo Alas’s novel La Regenta. Don Saturno, the local historian and scholar, has been asked by Obdulia Fandiño to give a tour of Vetusta’s cathedral to two guests from out of town. He goes about providing lengthy exegeses of obscure and barely visible works of art and architecture with an air of affected solemnity. Saturno’s theatrical style is most evident when he takes the group to see the Panteón de los Reyes: “[H]ubo un silencio solemne. El sabio había tosido, iba a hablar” (Alas 1: 135). Obdulia, imperceptive to the dramatic tone her guide is attempting to create, asks one of her guests for a match in order to see the inscription on the sarcophagus being shown, whereupon Saturno promptly informs the man that there is no need: “No señor, no hace falta. Yo sé las inscripciones de memoria . . . y además, no se pueden leer” (1: 135). The other guest assumes that the words must be written in Latin, and for that reason cannot be read, but Saturno clarifies the issue by explaining the true cause of their illegibility: “están borradas” (1: 135). At this point he pretends to give an improvised explanation of the pantheon when in reality he recites from memory the first four chapters of one of his many books on Vetusta. Here the performative facet of the episode is perhaps overshadowed only by the curious fact that Saturno somehow sees/knows what the inscription says despite its being erased (not unlike his earlier explanation of a painting whose details were so concealed by a dense layer of patina that only a toe and skull were visible). The motive for this ruse may be seen as ontological. Saturno has carved out a niche for himself within Vetustan society as “el primer anticuario de Vetusta” (1: 133), an identification that stems from his unique knowledge of the city’s religious buildings. To deny knowledge of the cathedral’s treasures would be tantamount to denying his own identity. Projecting a discernable image onto a barely visible painting or meaning onto some erased words that only he can “see” is a way of affirming his identity, an indirect way of stating “I am that.”
Confidence through Attention
Creators: name: Rikters, Matīss
name: Fishel, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Attention distributions of the generated translations are a useful bi-product of attention-based recurrent neural network translation models and can be treated as soft alignments between the input and output tokens. In this work, we use attention distributions as a confidence metric for output translations. We present two strategies of using the attention distributions: filtering out bad translations from a large back-translated corpus, and selecting the best translation in a hybrid setup of two different translation systems. While manual evaluation indicated only a weak correlation between our confidence score and human judgments, the use-cases showed improvements of up to 2.22 BLEU points for filtering and 0.99 points for hybrid translation, tested on EnglishGerman and EnglishLatvian translation.
La confesión de una niña: Digital edition
Creators: name: Leblanc Elina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Spanish literature
Digital edition
XML-TEI

description: Digital edition of a Spanish pliego de cordel, published by the Andalusian printer José María Moreno (19th c.). It contains the XML-TEI file of the edition, as well as the files that led to this edition, i.e. the digital facsimiles (raw and retouched), and the transcription produced by the OCR tool Transkribus (PAGE-XML). This digital edition is a part of the research project Desenrollando el cordel / Untangling the cordel / Démêler le cordel (2020-2024), led by professor Constance Carta at the University of Geneva and supported by the philanthropic Sandoz-Monique de Meuron Family Foundation.
title: Concrete: Computation and Optimization
title: Concrete
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Nikolov, Nik
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational analysis
subject: optimization
subject: Pedagogy
subject: Concrete
subject: Fabrication
subject: Architectural Engineering
subject: Architectural Technology
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: New materials require new design and construction methods. Even old materials are being continually developed with new properties that challenge the way we use them. A recent cycle of innovations has led to concretes with considerable and effective elastic limit in tension and flexural strength. The possibility to design in concrete as a single orthotropic material with both tensile and compressive properties create an opportunity for new products but also require new design approaches. Topology optimization as an architectural design tool is largely unexplored, in contrast to its wide use in the field of mechanical engineering. Topologically optimized shapes are fundamentally different from standard structural shapes and require highly customized means of fabrication. The resulting members can be lighter, use less material, yet still be as strong. Perhaps of greatest importance is the observation that the topologically optimized shape simultaneously manifests a structural optimum and an emergent aesthetic. This presentation will introduce the basics of structural topology optimization, existing software, and show how it was used in architectural technology coursework. The assignment in view, given to intermediate architectural students, is to design and optimize a structural beam and to subsequently fabricate it in ultra-high-performance concrete using consumer level CNC-milling of polystyrene casting formwork. Computer stress simulations were compared to physical crush tests. An increasing number of architects and engineers are well-versed in emerging digital fabrication and computation technologies. The presentation will posit that the materials with emerging properties and accessible computation tools provide a platform for both architects and engineers to engage in the problem of combining structural efficiency and aesthetic.
Nonlinear Evolution of Very Small Scale Cosmological Baryon Perturbations at Recombination
Creators: name: Liu, Guo-Chin
name: Yamamoto, Kazuhiro
name: Sugiyama, Naoshi
name: Nishioka, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of baryon density perturbations on very small scales is investigated. In particular, the nonlinear growth induced by the radiation drag force from the shear velocity field on larger scales during the recombination epoch, which is originally proposed by Shaviv in 1998, is studied in detail. It is found that inclusion of the diffusion term which Shaviv neglected in his analysis results in rather mild growth whose growth rate is $\ll 100$ instead of enormous amplification $\sim 10^4$ of Shaviv's original claim since the diffusion suppresses the growth. The growth factor strongly depends on the amplitude of the large scale velocity field. The nonlinear growth mechanism is applied to density perturbations of general adiabatic cold dark matter (CDM) models. In these models, it has been found in the previous works that the baryon density perturbations are not completely erased by diffusion damping if there exists gravitational potential of CDM. With employing the perturbed rate equation which is derived in this paper, the nonlinear evolution of baryon density perturbations is investigated. It is found that: (1) The nonlinear growth is larger for smaller scales. This mechanism only affects the perturbations whose scales are smaller than $\sim 10^2M_\odot$, which are coincident with the stellar scales. (2) The maximum growth factors of baryon density fluctuations for various COBE normalized CDM models are typically less than factor 10 for $3-σ$ large scale velocity peaks. (3) The growth factor depends on $Ω_{\rm b}$.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, submitted to ApJ
Coarsening dynamics of slipping droplets
Creators: name: Kitavtsev, Georgy
name: Wagner, Barbara
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: lubrication models
subject: coarsening
subject: wall slippage
subject: fluid dynamics
subject: 35G25
subject: 35K55
subject: 47.20Ma

description: This paper studies the late phase dewetting process of nanoscopic thin polymer films on hydrophobized substrates using some recently derived lubrication models that take account of large slippage at the polymer-substrate interface. The late phase of this process is characterized by the slow-time coarsening dynamics of arrays of droplets that remain after rupture and the initial dewetting phases. For this situation a reduced system of ordinary differential equations is derived from the lubrication model for large slippage using asymptotic analysis. This extends known results for the no-slip case. On the basis of the reduced model, the role of the slippage as a control parameter for droplet migration is analysed and several new qualitative effects for the coarsening process are identified.
Consumer Decision-Making at an Internet Shopbot
Creators: name: Smith, Michael
name: Brynjolfsson, Erik
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Internet shopbots compare prices and service levels at competing retailers, creating a laboratory for analyzing consumer choice. We analyze 20,268 shopbot consumers who select various books from 33 retailers over 69 days for a total of 1,512,856 observed offers. Although each retailer offers a homogeneous product, we find that brand is an important determinant of consumer choice. Consumers use brand as a proxy for retailer credibility in non-contractible aspects of the product and service bundle, such as shipping reliability. Our results also suggest that consumers are sensitive to how total price is allocated between the item price, shipping price, and tax.
Constraints from the $1/N_{\rm c}$ Expansion on Properties of Exotic Tetraquark Mesons
Creators: name: Lucha, Wolfgang
name: Melikhov, Dmitri
name: Sazdjian, Hagop
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scrutinizing the scattering of ordinary mesons in the limiting case of the number of colour degrees of freedom $N_{\rm c}$ of quantum chromodynamics approaching infinity, we formulate Feynman-diagram selection criteria and from these deduce rigorous self-consistency conditions for the manifestation of a tetraquark, a two-quark-two-antiquark bound state, as a pole in the corresponding amplitudes. Our constraints bear rather far-reaching consequences: In particular, all flavour-exotic tetraquarks, composed of four (anti)quarks of disparate flavour, must come in, at least, two variants differing in (and thus readily identifiable by) the large-$N_{\rm c}$ behaviour of their couplings to two ordinary mesons. Quite generally, irrespective of their flavour composition, all tetraquarks prove to be narrow. Their decay rates behave, for large $N_{\rm c},$ like $1/N_{\rm c}^2$ and thus decrease faster than those of ordinary mesons.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, contributed to "XVII International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy and Structure - Hadron2017" (25 - 29 September 2017, Salamanca, Spain)