cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and factors affecting contraceptive utilization in premarital sexual relationship among unmarried youths in rural Yangon, Myanmar
Creators: name: Hnin Ei Lwin
Publisher: name: Chulalongkorn University Press
Year: 2018
Subjects: Contraceptive utilization
Unmarried youths
Premarital sexual relationship
Myanmar

description: Journal of Health Research, 32, Suppl.1, S9
title: The significance of vapor pressure in quality preservation of stored commodities under gastight conditions
Creators: name: Navarro, Shlomo
name: Navarro, Hagit
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut
Year: 2018

description: While investigating the preservation of the aroma of various spices we compared the effects of hermetic conditions, vacuum and carbon dioxide versus aerated storage. The quality of the tested spices stored under hermetic conditions was comparable to those stored in vacuum after 120 d of storage. At a given temperature, a substance with higher vapor pressure vaporizes more readily than a substance with a lower vapor pressure. Throughout the investigation on specialty coffee, the volatility was evaluated as particularly important because coffee taste and aroma are influenced by compounds that are volatile. We hypothesize that hermetic storage reduces the rate of the volatiles to spread to the atmosphere. Dry food commodities can be stored for extended periods, provided there is no insect infestation and their water activity is low enough to prevent microbial growth. However, in aerated storages quantitative and qualitative losses still occur. If the moisture content is maintained sufficiently low, insects and quality loss remain the main concern for the quality preservation of durable agricultural commodities. Although in hermetic storage, the major emphasis is placed on the control of insect pests, for quality preservation just maintaining the vapor pressure in the sealed structure is sufficient. Quality preservation under hermetic conditions remains an aspect that deserves more attention. This characteristic of hermetic storage is the tendency to maintain within the hermetic structure the substances that have the ability to vaporize.
description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv, Nr. 463, Voil. 2 (2018): Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) in Berlin, Germany, October 7-11, 2018
Prevalence and factors associated with sexual activities among high school students in Kendal regency of Indonesia
Creators: name: Ekha Rifki Fauzi
Publisher: name: Chulalongkorn University Press
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sexual Behaviors
Adolescent health
Adolescent
Urban & Rural Area
Indonesia

description: Journal of Health Research, 32, Suppl.1, S20
Factors influencing quality of life among elderly population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinic based cross sectional study in Kathmandu Valley
Creators: name: Kriti Adhikari
Publisher: name: Chulalongkorn University Press
Year: 2018
Subjects: Quality of life
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
Ageing
Nepal

description: Journal of Health Research, 32, Suppl.1, S29
The Highly-Eccentric Detached Eclipsing Binaries in ACVS and MACC
Creators: name: Shivvers, Isaac
name: Bloom, Joshua S.
name: Richards, Joseph W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Next-generation synoptic photometric surveys will yield unprecedented (for the astronomical community) volumes of data and the processes of discovery and rare-object identification are, by necessity, becoming more autonomous. Such autonomous searches can be used to find objects of interest applicable to a wide range of outstanding problems in astronomy, and in this paper we present the methods and results of a largely autonomous search for highly eccentric detached eclipsing binary systems in the Machine-learned ASAS Classification Catalog. 106 detached eclipsing binaries with eccentricities greater than 0.1 are presented, most of which are identified here for the first time. We also present new radial-velocity curves and absolute parameters for 6 of those systems with the long-term goal of increasing the number of highly eccentric systems with orbital solutions, thereby facilitating further studies of the tidal circularization process in binary stars.
description: 13 pages, 4 tables, 6 figures; Accepted for publication in MNRAS; References updated
title: Recruiting Low Income Post-Partum Women into a Weight Loss Trial: In-Person versus Facebook Delivery
Creators: name: Silfee, Valerie J.
name: Lopez-Cepero, Andrea
name: Lemon, Stephenie C.
name: Rosal, Milagros C.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Several studies, such as the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), have provided foundational evidence for the effect of lifestyle modification interventions on diabetes prevention and weight loss. However, translating these programs to the real-world has proven difficult. There remains a need to increase the feasibility and reach of translational weight loss interventions.

PURPOSE: To compare the recruitment rates of overweight low income postpartum women into a DPP-adapted behavioral weight loss program delivered in-person versus delivered via Facebook.

METHODS: We compared two 8-week pilot behavioral weight loss trials; one delivered via weekly in-person group sessions and the other delivered entirely via Facebook. Both trials used the same recruitment methods: participants were overweight low income postpartum women within five Women Infants and Children (WIC) clinics in the Worcester, Massachusetts area recruited by nutritionists during routine WIC visits. Inclusion criteria included, childbirth in the previous 6 weeks to 6 months, age 18 or older, a body mass index (BMI) of > 27 kg/m2, and obstetric provider approval for participation in the diet and physical activity components of the intervention. Additional eligibility criteria for the Facebook intervention included: 1) ability to use the Internet daily; 2) having a Facebook account; 3) currently using Facebook at least once per week.

RESULTS: 27 and 54 women participated in the in-person and Facebook pilot trials, respectively. Among eligible women in the in-person trial, 62.1% gave permission to be contacted for the in-person trial, and 23.3% enrolled. Among eligible women in the Facebook trial, 59.7% of women agreed to be contacted, and 39.1% enrolled.

CONCLUSIONS: Recruitment rates for a Facebook-based weight loss intervention were higher than rates for an in-person intervention. Future efforts are needed to increase reach of weight loss interventions among overweight and obese low income diverse women.
Company Interests and Employee Involvement in Community
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Community Relations
Conflict of Interest
Employer/Employee Relationships
Environmental Justice
Ethics and Society
Research and Practice
Social Justice
Social Responsibility
Sustainability
Workplace Ethics

description: Elizabeth Dorsey is an engineer at CDC, Inc. and is caught in a difficult situation when CDC plans are in opposition to a community group which she is a part of.
title: Feasibility, Safety and Acceptability of Soy-Based Diet for Pregnant Women: Preliminary Results from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Creators: name: Shi, Ling
name: Iyer, Vidya
name: Norwitz, Errol
name: Moore Simas, Tiffany A.
name: Matthan, Nirupa R.
name: Lichtenstein, Alice H.
name: Hayman, Laura L.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Background: Previous evidence suggests that soy containing foods may have beneficial effects on lipid and glycemic metabolism. Pregnancy is associated with a progressive deterioration in glucose and lipid metabolism, partially attributable to elevated estrogen concentrations. Little is known about the effects of soy intake on cardiometabolic risk factors in pregnant women.

Methods: A pilot RCT was conducted in 30 pregnant women who were randomized to receive counseling to consume a high-soy or low-soy foods containing diet. Assessments (physical measurements, food frequency questionnaires, fasting blood samples) were conducted at 14 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, and 6 weeks’ postpartum. Monthly follow-up calls were conducted to assess safety and encourage adherence.

Results: Both the high-soy and low-soy groups demonstrated high adherence (80-90%), defined as consuming soy foods ≥ 15 days in the past four weeks for high-soy group and ≤ 5 days for low-soy group. Five adverse events possibly associated with soy intake were reported (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, itchy mouth); all were transient and resolved without sequelae. The high-soy group lost body fat between baseline and postpartum while the low-soy group gained body fat, as reflected by change in triceps skinfold thickness (-4.8 mm vs +3.6 mm, p=0.04). There was a trend towards an improvement in BMI in the high-soy group, both at 28 weeks (+1.4 vs. +3.6 kg/m2, p=0.15) and postpartum (-1.2 vs. +0.6 kg/m2, p=0.14). There were no differences between groups in fasting glucose, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, or VLDL levels.

Conclusion: Initial results from this pilot RCT support the acceptability and safety of consuming soy-based whole foods during pregnancy. A larger-scale RCT is needed to further elucidate the effects of soy diet on cardiometabolic risk among pregnant women.
Absorption of Light by Excitons and Trions in Monolayers of Metal Dichalcogenide MoS$_{2}$: Experiments and Theory
Creators: name: Zhang, Changjian
name: Wang, Haining
name: Chan, Weimin
name: Manolatou, Christina
name: Rana, Farhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the optical absorption spectra and optical conductivities of excitons and trions in monolayers of metal dichalcogenide MoS$_{2}$ and compare the results with theoretical models. Our results show that the Wannier-Mott model for excitons, with modifications to account for small exciton radii and large exciton relative wavefunction spread in momentum space, phase space blocking due to Pauli exclusion in doped materials, and wavevector dependent dielectric constant, gives results that agree well with experiments. The measured exciton optical absorption spectra are used to obtain experimental estimates for the exciton radii that fall in the $7-10Å$ range and agree well with theory. The measured trion optical absorption spectra are used to obtain values for the trion radii that also agree well with theory. The measured values of the exciton and trion radii correspond to binding energies that are in good agreement with values obtained from first principles calculations.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, some typos in the previous version have been corrected
Commutators of lepton mass matrices associated with seesaw and leptogenesis
Creators: name: Wang, Yikun
name: Xing, Zhi-zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of tiny neutrino masses and the baryon number asymmetry of the Universe are naturally interpreted by the canonical seesaw and leptogenesis mechanisms, in which there are the heavy Majorana neutrino mass matrix $M_{\rm R}$, the Dirac neutrino mass matrix $M_{\rm D}$, the charged-lepton mass matrix $M_\ell$ and the effective (light) neutrino mass matrix $M_ν$. We find that ${\rm Im}\left(\det\left[ M^\dagger_{\rm D} M_{\rm D}, M^\dagger_{\rm R} M_{\rm R} \right]\right)$, ${\rm Im}\left(\det\left[ M_\ell M^\dagger_\ell, M_νM^\dagger_ν\right]\right)$ and ${\rm Im}\left(\det\left[ M_\ell M^\dagger_\ell, M_{\rm D} M^\dagger_{\rm D} \right]\right)$ can serve for a basis-independent measure of CP violation associated with lepton-number-violating decays of heavy neutrinos, flavor oscillations of light neutrinos and lepton-flavor-violating decays of charged leptons, respectively. We first calculate these quantities with the help of a standard parametrization of the $6\times 6$ flavor mixing matrix, and then discuss their implications on both leptogenesis and CP violation at low energy scales. A comparison with the weak-basis invariants of leptogenesis as proposed by Branco {\it et al} is also made.
description: LaTex 8 pages. Minor changes. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Experiences of therapy in a gender and sexually diverse world
Creators: name: Hunt, Chris
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020
Subjects: LGBT
Therapy
Qualitative research

description: The purpose of this thesis was to shed light upon the experiences of therapists and clients as they navigate discussions of gender and sexual identity in the therapy room. This was achieved in three stages: Section one presents a metasynthesis of qualitative research pertaining to the experiences of therapists and counsellors working with gender and sexually diverse clients; Section two explores the ‘coming out’ experiences of eight sexually diverse young people, who disclosed their sexual orientation in therapy; Finally, section three offers a critical appraisal of the research journey. It contains reflections pertinent to the author’s personal and professional development.
The Information Due to the Customer
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Employer/Employee Relationships
Engineer/Client Relationships
Ethics and Society
Research and Practice
Safety
Social Responsibility
Sustainability
Whistleblowing
Workplace Ethics

description: XYZ orders 5000 custom made parts from ABC for one of its products. When the order is originally made ABC indicates it will charge $75 per part. This cost is based in part on the cost of materials. After the agreement is completed, but before production of the part begins, ABC engineer Christine Carsten determines that a much less expensive metal alloy can be used while only slightly compromising the integrity of the part. Using the less expensive alloy would cut ABC's costs by $18 a part.
title: In Vivo Protection with Human Monoclonal Antibody S315 following Challenge with Diphtheria Toxin
Creators: name: Smith, Heidi L.
name: Lobikin, Maria
name: Gao, Wenda
name: Saia, Greg
name: Wang, Yan
name: Leney, Mark
name: Molrine, Deborah C.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Background: Morbidity and mortality from Corynebacterium diphtheriae is reduced by prompt administration of equine-derived diphtheria anti-toxin (DAT), which is in short supply worldwide. MassBiologics has developed a human monoclonal antibody (S315) to diphtheria toxin to provide a safer alternative to DAT and address critical supply issues. S315 prevents toxin binding to its putative host receptor and S315 pre-mixed with toxin increased survival in a guinea pig model of intoxication. To further evaluate the ability of S315 to provide in vivo protection, we established a post-exposure treatment model.

Methods: Female Hartley guinea pigs (300-350g) were challenged subcutaneously with diphtheria toxin (0.03 to 0.09 Lf, limit of flocculation) to identify the minimum lethal dose. To evaluate anti-toxin efficacy, DAT or S315 was administered five hours post-toxin challenge and animals monitored for 30 days for signs of illness (lethargy, dehydration, weak limbs). Serum anti-diphtheria toxin antibodies were measured by ELISA and Vero cell toxin neutralization assays.

Results: The minimum lethal toxin dose was 0.09 Lf. To determine the protective dose of DAT, 0.2 IU, 1.0 IU or 5.0 IU was administered intravenously post-toxin challenge (n=4/cohort). All 0.2 IU or 1.0 IU DAT-treated animals died, while one animal treated with 5.0 IU survived. DAT was subsequently evaluated at 5.0 IU, 10 IU, and 20 IU and compared to a cohort receiving 3.5 mg of S315. All untreated animals died within 72 hours and all antibody-treated animals survived. Dehydration was observed more frequently in the 5 IU and 10 IU DAT cohorts compared to the 20 IU and S315 cohorts.

Conclusions: Treatment with S315 after diphtheria toxin exposure is protective; further studies will define a minimum effective dose of S315. This model mimics the route and timing of anti-toxin treatment in humans and provides a rigorous preclinical evaluation of a human antibody replacement for equine DAT.
Renyi Entropy and Geometry
Creators: name: Lee, Jeongseog
name: McGough, Lauren
name: Safdi, Benjamin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement entropy in even dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) contains well-known universal terms arising from the conformal anomaly. Renyi entropies are natural generalizations of the entanglement entropy that are much less understood. Above two spacetime dimensions, the universal terms in the Renyi entropies are unknown for general entangling geometries. We conjecture a new structure in the dependence of the four-dimensional Renyi entropies on the intrinsic and extrinsic geometry of the entangling surface. We provide evidence for this conjecture by direct numerical computations in the free scalar and fermion field theories. The computation involves relating the four-dimensional free massless Renyi entropies across cylindrical entangling surfaces to corresponding three-dimensional massive Renyi entropies across circular entangling surfaces. Our numerical technique also allows us to directly probe other interesting aspects of three-dimensional Renyi entropy, including the massless renormalized Renyi entropy and calculable contributions to the perimeter law.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures; v2 refs added, minor improvements
Axon Property Group
Creators: name: Turner, Tamara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Defence Housing Australia

description: Axon Property group help ADF Members, Veterans and their families get the most from their ADF housing entitlements. With a history in the ADF and more than 50 years of property experience, we've helped ADF members all across Australia understand property investment. We offer coaching for ADF members, providing education and guidance on how to set goals, understand investing and finance, learn investment strategies and offer mentoring and support systems to help you get the best possible results from your property investments.
Conformal Mass in AdS gravity
Creators: name: Jatkar, Dileep P.
name: Kofinas, Georgios
name: Miskovic, Olivera
name: Olea, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Ashtekar-Magnon-Das (AMD) mass and other conserved quantities are equivalent to the Kounterterm charges in the asymptotically AdS spacetimes that satisfy the Einstein equations, if we assume the same asymptotic fall-off behavior of the Weyl tensor as considered by AMD. This therefore implies that, in all dimensions, the conformal mass can be directly derived from the bulk action and the boundary terms, which are written in terms of the extrinsic curvature.
description: 14 pages, no figures, 3 references added; accepted for publication in PRD
PCs and Occupational Hazards
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Workplace Ethics
Lab and Workplace Safety
Law and Public Policy

description: A new safety law requires that companies improve their working conditions if they employ more than 15 employees. Then, many businesses object, claiming that the costs would be too great. Questions regarding the potential impact of this legislation on the economy and whether claims of huge costs are true, are discussed in the article.
title: Caste Matters: Perceived Discrimination among Women in Rural India
Creators: name: Soni, Apurv
name: Khubchandani, Jasmine A.
name: Fahey, Nisha
name: Raithatha, Nitin
name: Prabhakaran, Anusha
name: Byatt, Nancy
name: Moore Simas, Tiffany A.
name: Phatak, Ajay
name: Rosal, Milagros C.
name: Nimbalkar, Somashekhar
name: Allison, Jeroan J.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Purpose: To examine the relationship of caste and class with perceived discrimination among pregnant women from rural western India.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to 170 pregnant women in rural Gujarat, India, who were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study. Everyday Discrimination Scale and Experiences of Discrimination questionnaires were used to assess perceived discrimination and response to discrimination. Based on self-reported caste, women were classified to three categories with increasing historical disadvantage: General, Other Backward Castes (OBC), and Scheduled Caste or Tribes (SC/ST). Socioeconomic class was determined using standardized

Kuppuswamy scale. Regression models for count and binomial data were used to examine association of caste and class with experience of discrimination and response to discrimination.

Results: 68% of women experienced discrimination. After adjusting for confounders, there was a consistent trend and association of discrimination with caste but not class. In comparison to General Caste, lower caste (OBC, SC/ST) women were more likely to 1) experience discrimination (OBC OR: 2.2, SC/ST: 4.1; p-trend: 0.01), 2) have a greater perceived discrimination score (OBC IRR: 1.3, SC/ST: 1.5; p-trend: 0.07), 3) accept discrimination (OBC OR: 6.4, SC/ST: 7.6; p-trend: < 0.01), and 4) keep to herself about discrimination (OBC OR: 2.7, SC/ST: 3.6; p-trend: 0.04).

Conclusion: The differential experience of discrimination by lower caste women in comparison to upper caste women and their response to such experiences highlight the importance of studying discrimination to understand existing caste-based disparities.
Handling Bribes
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Bribery and Extortion

description: A software engineer, working for a multinational corporation, creates some software that provides security for email documents. The engineer realizes that there is a federal law prohibiting the distribution of security algorithms and information outside the United States. Ethical issues arise when the engineer's boss does not share this concern about the distribution of the software, and offers Greg a stay at a resort.
Rise of pairwise thermal entanglement for an alternating Ising and Heisenberg spin chain in an arbitrarily oriented magnetic field
Creators: name: Rojas, M.
name: de Souza, S. M.
name: Rojas, Onofre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Typically two particles (spins) could be maximally entangled at zero temperature, and for a certain temperature the phenomenon of entanglement vanishes at the threshold temperature. For the Heisenberg coupled model or even the Ising model with a transverse magnetic field, one can observe some rise of entanglement even for a disentangled region at zero temperature. So we can understand this emergence of entanglement at finite temperature as being due to the mixing of some maximally entangled states with some other untangled states. Here, we present a simple one-dimensional Ising model with alternating Ising and Heisenberg spins in an arbitrarily oriented magnetic field, which can be mapped onto the classical Ising model with a magnetic field. This model does not show any evidence of entanglement at zero temperature, but surprisingly at finite temperature rise a pairwise thermal entanglement between two untangled spins at zero temperature, when an arbitrarily oriented magnetic field is applied. This effect is a purely magnetic field,and the temperature dependence, as soon as the temperature increases, causes a small increase in concurrence achieving its maximum at around 0.1. Even for long-range entanglement, a weak concurrence still survives. There are also some real materials that could serve as candidates that would exhibit this effect, such as Dy(NO$_{3}$)(DMSO)$_{2}$Cu(opba)(DMSO)$_{2}$.
description: 5 pages and 4 figures
title: Efficient deep neural network inference for embedded systems
title: A mixture of experts approach
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Taylor, Ben
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020

description: Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become one of the dominant machine learning approaches in recent years for many application domains. Unfortunately, DNNs are not well suited to addressing the challenges of embedded systems, where on-device inference on battery-powered, resource-constrained devices is often infeasible due to prohibitively long inferencing time and resource requirements. Furthermore, offloading computation into the cloud is often infeasible due to a lack of connectivity, high latency, or privacy concerns. While compression algorithms often succeed in reducing inferencing times, they come at the cost of reduced accuracy. The key insight here is that multiple DNNs, of varying runtimes and prediction capabilities, are capable of correctly making a prediction on the same input. By choosing the fastest capable DNN for each input, the average runtime can be reduced. Furthermore, the fastest capable DNN changes depending on the evaluation criterion. This thesis presents a new, alternative approach to enable efficient execution of DNN inference on embedded devices; the aim is to reduce average DNN inferencing times without a loss in accuracy. Central to the approach is a Model Selector, which dynamically determines which DNN to use for a given input, by considering the desired evaluation metric and inference time. It employs statistical machine learning to develop a low-cost predictive model to quickly select a DNN to use for a given input and the optimisation constraint. First, the approach is shown to work effectively with off-the-self pre-trained DNNs. The approach is then extended by combining typical DNN pruning techniques with statistical machine learning in order to create a set of specialised DNNs designed specifically for use with a Model Selector. Two typical DNN application domains are used during evaluation: image classification and machine translation. Evaluation is reported on a NVIDIA Jetson TX2 embedded deep learning platform, and a range of influential DNN models including convolutional and recurrent neural networks are considered. In the first instance, utilising off-the-shelf pre-trained DNNs, a 44.45% reduction in inference time with a 7.52% improvement in accuracy, over the most-capable single DNN model, is achieved for image classification. For machine translation, inference time is reduced by 25.37% over the most-capable model with little impact on the quality of the translation. Further evaluation utilising specialised DNNs did not yield an accurate premodel and produced poor results; however analysis of a perfect premodel shows the potential for faster inference times, and reduced resource requirements over utilising off-the-shelf DNNs.
title: Exploring the Contributions of Local Health Departments in Land Use and Transportation Policy: Implications for Cross-sector Collaboration
Creators: name: Sreedhara, Meera
name: Goins, Karin V.
name: Aytur, Semra
name: Heinrich, Katie
name: Maddock, Jay
name: Lemon, Stephenie C.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Introduction: Transportation and land use policies can impact physical activity. Local health departments (LHDs) are encouraged to participate in land use and transportation policy processes, which are outside their traditional expertise. Cross-sector collaborations are needed, yet stakeholders’ perceptions of LHD involvement are not well-understood. This paper explores (1) the perceived value of LHD participation in transportation and land use decision-making and (2) potential contributions of LHDs to these processes among relevant stakeholders.

Methods: Qualitative data were analysed from 49 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2015 and 2016. Participants were professionals representing land use planning (n=13), transportation/public works (n=11), public health (n=19), bike and pedestrian advocacy (n=4), and municipal administration (n=2). Two analysts conducted thematic analysis.

Results: All respondents reported that LHDs offer valuable contributions to transportation and land use policy processes. Seven specific contributions were identified (inter-rater agreement 91%). Participants described LHD knowledge of the built environment impact on health (n=44); ability to incorporate the public health evidence-base and best practices into built environment processes (n=23); and ability to articulate the impact of land use and transportation decisions on vulnerable populations (n=8). Other potential contributions included increasing public support through public education (n=27) and convening partnerships within the community and across municipal departments (n=35) to advance policy buy-in and enactment. Ability to analyse a range of data that could inform policy (n=41) and providing resource support (e.g., grant writing, offering technical assistance (n=20)) were also described.

Conclusions: LHDs can leverage their strengths to foster cross-sector collaborations that promote community physical activity opportunities. The results of these interviews are being used to inform the development of sustainable capacity building models for LHD involvement in built environment decision-making.
First calculation of cosmic-ray muon spallation backgrounds for MeV astrophysical neutrino signals in Super-Kamiokande
Creators: name: Li, Shirley Weishi
name: Beacom, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When muons travel through matter, their energy losses lead to nuclear breakup ("spallation") processes. The delayed decays of unstable daughter nuclei produced by cosmic-ray muons are important backgrounds for low-energy astrophysical neutrino experiments, e.g., those seeking to detect solar neutrino or Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB) signals. Even though Super-Kamiokande has strong general cuts to reduce these spallation-induced backgrounds, the remaining rate before additional cuts for specific signals is much larger than the signal rates for kinetic energies of about 6 -- 18 MeV. Surprisingly, there is no published calculation of the production and properties of these backgrounds in water, though there are such studies for scintillator. Using the simulation code FLUKA and theoretical insights, we detail how muons lose energy in water, produce secondary particles, how and where these secondaries produce isotopes, and the properties of the backgrounds from their decays. We reproduce Super-Kamiokande measurements of the total background to within a factor of 2, which is good given that the isotope yields vary by orders of magnitude and that some details of the experiment are unknown to us at this level. Our results break aggregate data into component isotopes, reveal their separate production mechanisms, and preserve correlations between them. We outline how to implement more effective background rejection techniques using this information. Reducing backgrounds in solar and DSNB studies by even a factor of a few could help lead to important new discoveries.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, comments are welcome; minor changes; version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C
Top quark mass coupling and classification of weakly-coupled heterotic superstring vacua
Creators: name: Rizos, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quest for the Standard Model among the huge number of string vacua is usually based on a set of phenomenological criteria related to the massless spectrum of string models. In this work we study criteria associated with interactions in the effective low energy theory and in particular with the presence of the coupling that provides mass to the top quark. Working in the context of the Free Fermionic Formulation of the heterotic superstring, we demonstrate that, in a big class of phenomenologically promising $Z_2\times Z_2$ compactifications, these criteria can be expressed entirely in terms of the generalised GSO projection coefficients entering the definition of the models. They are shown to be very efficient in identifying phenomenologically viable vacua, especially in the framework of computer-based search, as they are met by approximately one every $10^4$ models. We apply our results in the investigation of a class of supersymmetric Pati-Salam vacua, comprising $10^{16}$ configurations, and show that when combined with other phenomenological requirements they lead to a relatively small set of about $10^7$ Standard Model compatible models that can be fully classified.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, minor changes, to be published in The European Physical Journal C
O, What a Tangled Web We Weave!
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Collaboration
Handling Misconduct Allegations
Mentors and Trainees
Plagiarism
Publication Ethics
Research and Practice
Research Misconduct

description: This case discusses the need for clarification of what is expected of a mentor, an advisor or a supervisor to a graduate student, the differences between mentors and advisors and the need for improved communication between both parties.
title: Developing a Community-Based Screening and Referral Mechanism for Atrial Fibrillation in Low Resource Settings: “Smartphone Monitoring for Atrial Fibrillation in Real-Time – India (SMART-India)”
Creators: name: Soni, Apurv
name: Fahey, Nisha
name: Patel, Harshil
name: Talati, Kandarp
name: Handorf, Anna
name: Bostrom, John A.
name: Raihatha, Shyamsundar
name: Shah, Ravi
name: Karna, Sunil
name: Goldberg, Robert J.
name: Allison, Jeroan J.
name: Chon, Ki
name: Nimbalkar, Somashekhar M.
name: McManus, David D.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the world’s most common arrhythmia, often goes undetected and untreated in low-resource communities, including India. Moreover, AF is an important risk factor for stroke, which plagues an estimated 1.6 million Indians annually. As such, early detection of AF and management of high-risk patients is critically important to decrease stroke burden in individuals with AF.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the age- and sex-stratified epidemiology of AF in Anand District, Gujarat India; characterize the profile of individuals who are diagnosed with AF; and determine the performance of two mobile technologies for community-based AF screening.

METHODS: We built on findings from our feasibility study and leveraged two novel technologies as well as an existing community health program to screen 2,500 people from 60 villages of Anand District. A single-lead EKG and a pulse-based app was used to screen each individual for AF 3 times over a period of 5 days. Participants with suspected arrhythmias were referred at a local tertiary-care hospital for further evaluation and follow up with a cardiologist. Participants diagnosed with AF were initiated on treatment as deemed appropriate by the cardiologist.

ANALYTICAL PLAN: Age- and sex-stratified AF prevalence for AF will be calculated using survey weights to estimate population prevalence. Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with AF will be evaluated using multivariable regression methods. Performance of each mobile technology in detecting AF will be evaluated by measuring sensitivity, specificity, and discriminative ability while considering a 12-lead EKG interpretation as gold-standard.

CONCLUSIONS: Effective approaches for leveraging state-of-the-art technology to develop a screening and referral mechanism for AF in low-resource settings requires active participation with community partners and health workers.
title: Evaluation of hermetic technologies in the control of insect infestation and mycotoxin contamination in stored maize grains
Creators: name: Namusalisi, Jacqueline
name: Kunyanga, Catherine N.
name: Bruce, Anani
name: De Groote, Hugo
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut
Year: 2018

description: Grain losses due to moulds during on-farm storage increase food insecurity, result in economic losses, negatively affect farmers’ livelihoods, and increase exposure to mycotoxins that can harm human and animal health. Hermetic storage technologies provide a reliable solution for maize grain that may also preserve food safety. Several studies report the effectiveness of these technologies against post-harvest insects in Africa but provide limited evidence on effectiveness against mould proliferation and mycotoxin contamination. Hermetic technologies were superior to farmer practice in reducing insect infestations and mycotoxin accumulation. Among hermetic technologies, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in performance between metal silos and hermetic bags for mycotoxin accumulation and insect infestation regardless of the mode of infestation. In non-inoculated grain, fungal populations were varied but included mycotoxin-producing Aspergillus and Fusarium spp., indicating that the grain was naturally contaminated and acted as a good reservoir for these fungi. Mycotoxin levels increased with higher moisture even in non-inoculated grain. Meanwhile, aflatoxin and fumonisin levels at 4 months were not significantly different from baseline values in dry inoculated grain across all storage technologies (P>0.05), indicating that hermetic technologies can prevent mycotoxin contamination in dry grain for at least 4 months of storage. Aflatoxin and fumonisin were significantly higher by 1.69 ppb and 0.25 ppm respectively in non-inoculated grains at high moisture indicating the need to adequately dry grain before storage in hermetic technologies. This trend was observed collectively in all the technologies registering 2.03 ppb and 0.311 ppm respectively. In inoculated grains at high moisture, there was an increase in aflatoxin in both hermetic treatments and the control by 5.7 ppb and 12.14 ppb respectively. Therefore, a trial was conducted to compare hermetic technologies with farmer practice in their effectiveness against both insect infestation and mycotoxin contamination.
description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv, Nr. 463, Vol. 2 (2018): Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) in Berlin, Germany, October 7-11, 2018
Driving ferromagnets into a critical region of a magnetic phase diagram
Creators: name: Mueller, B. Y.
name: Rethfeld, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exciting a ferromagnetic sample with an ultrashort laser pulse leads to a quenching of the magne- tization on a subpicosecond timescale. On the basis of the equilibration of intensive thermodynamic variables we establish a powerful model to describe the demagnetization dynamics. We demonstrate that the magnetization dynamics is mainly driven by the equilibration of chemical potentials. The minimum of magnetization is revealed as a transient electronic equilibrium state. Our method iden- tifies the slowing down of ultrafast magnetization dynamics by a critical region within a magnetic phase diagram.
title: Companion Diagnostics for Breast Cancer Chemotherapeutics
Creators: name: Tawadros, Monica
name: Morin, Michael
name: Gaines, Peter
name: Dewilde, Abiche H.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Chemotherapy plays a major role in breast cancer treatment. However, not every chemotherapeutics is appropriate for each cancer due to the person’s individual cancer characteristics and whether the patient has developed chemoresistance to a particular drug. In this research, the InVitro-Q is used to detect subtle differences in tumor cell proliferation post-treatment with four-breast cancer chemotherapeutics used: paclitaxel, docetaxel, nocodazole, and cytochalasin B. Our multi-well cell-based sensor that can monitor real-time biological changes in living cells, such as mass redistribution, and viscoelasticity. This system provides unique kinetic information regarding the phenotypic change in the cells post treatment. Each drug induces apoptosis by targeting a different mechanism of action. Each drug was assayed for 48h with MCF-7 or SK-Br-3 breast cancer cells, and data collected. Post analysis we created quantitative projection regarding the efficacy of each drug on the specific cancer type.
title: Postharvest treatment research at USDA-ARS: stored product fumigation
Creators: name: Walse, Spencer S.
name: Rodriguez, Matthew
name: Tebbets, John S.
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut
Year: 2018

description: The overall goal of this USDA-ARS research is to ensure the protection and quality of stored product foodstuffs. The results of this research directly enhance production, distribution, and safety of foodstuffs, promote and retain access of United States-grown crops to domestic and foreign markets, and protect the United States and trading partners from the agricultural, ecological and economic threat posed by quarantine and invasive pests. In general, USDA-ARS research related to the fumigation of stored products focuses on the development of techniques to rapidly disinfest raw products of field pests, control pests in processed products amenable to reinfestation and microbial infection, and reduce reliance on fumigation as a stand-alone measure for postharvest disinfestations and disinfections. Specific research objectives include: comparative evaluation of alternative fumigants to methyl bromide in postharvest applications, development of novel technologies to reduce and eliminate atmospheric emissions from chambers used in postharvest fumigation, and design production strategies that allow for a more strategic postharvest use of methyl bromide and alternative fumigants. Recent research findings will be presented and discussed, including: exposure requirements of phosphine on key stored product pests (as related to resistance management), the establishment of efficacy and experimental criterion for quarantine applications, and the development of models to quantitatively understand the underpinnings of fumigations and related phytosanitary treatments.
description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv, Nr. 463, Vol. 2 (2018): Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) in Berlin, Germany, October 7-11, 2018
title: Imaging Probes for Detecting Inflammation in the Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes
Creators: name: Taghian, Toloo
name: Gupta, Suresh
name: Dixon, Adam J.
name: Zhang, Surong
name: Bogdanov, Alexei A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Non-invasive imaging of early signs of inflammation of endocrine pancreas is of importance due to a generally late clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Seventy-80% of insulin producing beta-cells could be already lost prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Therefore, monitoring these early changes including increased vascular permeability of pancreas and activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways will aid in early diagnosis and timing of therapy. We have developed and tested superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with strong photoacoustic signal for detecting potential permeability changes in the pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ)- induced mouse model of T1D. These biocompatible gold/iron-oxide NPs enable application of multi-modality photoacoustic (PA) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to investigate the extent of NP accumulation in the pancreas. In addition, we have investigated the spatial distribution of nanoparticles in the endocrine and exocrine of pancreas using electron microscopy techniques. Our initial time-dependent histology results demonstrate the influx of macrophages and neutrophils as the first responders to pancreatic damage as well as activation of the NF-ҡB signaling pathway, which plays a central role in the inflammation of the islets. We recorded a significantly stronger PA signal in the pancreas of STZ-treated mice compared to control mice, which indicate higher accumulation of the NPs in mice with chemically induced diabetes. The potential use of a combination of clinically available imaging modality (MRI) and emerging high-resolution/high sensitivity PA makes this approach feasible for clinical translation. Furthermore, the safety of these imaging modalities makes them ideal for both initial diagnosis of diabetes in individuals at risk of T1D and for longer term noninvasive monitoring of the response to therapy.
title: Association between Psychosocial Factors, Quality of Life and Atrial Fibrillation
Creators: name: Aldrugh, Summer
name: Sardana, Mayank
name: Lessard, Darleen M.
name: Saczynski, Jane S.
name: McManus, David D.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with cognitive and psychosocial comorbidities, and poorer quality of life (QOL). In this study, we aimed to study the association between cognition, psychosocial status and QOL at baseline and AF recurrence.

Methods: We enrolled 222 symptomatic AF patients (64±10.0 years, 36% women) treated with a rhythm-control strategy. We performed cognitive, psychosocial, and QOL assessments using Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA, cognitive impairment

Results: A total of 123 (55%) participants experienced an AF recurrence over the 6-month follow-up period. Participants with an AF recurrence had higher rates of depression (31% vs.14%, p=0.022) and lower QOL (62±24 vs. 72±21, p=0.003) at baseline than did participants free from recurrence. In multivariable logistic regression models, lower baseline QOL, but not depression, anxiety, or cognition, was associated with a significantly higher odds of AF recurrence event (Odds Ratio: 0.98, CI 0.97-0.99).

Conclusion: Lower AF-related QOL is associated with higher odds of AF recurrence over 6 months among symptomatic AF patients treated with rhythm control. Patient-reported variables have not previously been considered as risk factors for disease progression or prognosis. Our data suggests QOL may serve as a useful tool to aid clinicians in the management of AF patients.