cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessment of systemic effects of sex hormone alterations in androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer
Creators: name: Shah, Syed Imran Ali
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Sex hormonal variations cause bodily changes reflecting their systemic functions. This project was designed to define the influence of sex hormones on systemic function in men with prostate cancer (PC) receiving contemporary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRHa). LHRHa induced suppression of sex hormones results in multiple serious toxicities of which the cognitive, skeletal and psychosocial aspects were addressed in this project. Acute castration appears to cause cognitive problems in some men with PC. In order to identify the neuropathology of such cognitive decline, positron emission tomography (PET) was used along with a battery of validated neuropsychological tests, documenting for the first time an increased global and regional cortical neuroinflammatory response in patients with PC experiencing cognitive deterioration since being on LHRHa. Bone mineral density, a commonly employed measure of bone mass, lacks accuracy in predicting bone strength and fracture risk. The present work showed bone volume fraction (a newer non-invasive metric of bone mass derived using computed tomography imaging) to be highly correlated with bone strength measured ex-vivo, thereby demonstrating its potential for use in clinical assessments. Levels of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, a marker of skeletal metabolism, were also measured to assess bone changes in the early stages of LHRHa therapy but no change was observed. Metabolic derivatives of sex hormones have been suggested to influence psycho-socio-sexual behaviour via odour signalling. The current work, investigating effects of castration on odour, showed no change in the olfactory perception of odour samples provided by men on LHRHa treatment. These pilot data and observations will help shape future work that may not only improve quality of life outcomes in men with PC undergoing ADT but also benefit patients suffering from other clinical conditions involving physiological, pathological or therapeutic changes in sex hormone levels.
Expanding the mass spectrometry toolkit for interrogating chromatin proteomics
Creators: name: Borg, Aaron
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Chromatin is comprised of DNA and a vast network of proteins, which help structure and regulate a cell’s genetic material through processes including cell differentiation, regulation of genes, and DNA repair. At the core of chromatin structure lays a nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around an octameric protein complex made of histones. Histones can undergo post translational modifications (PTMs) which govern protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and ultimately control gene activation and suppression. Histone PTMs can already be quantitated using existing well defined methods such as liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). However with the increasing popularity of techniques such as chromatin immunoprecipitation aimed at identifying and understanding the role of PTMs under very specific circumstances, ever smaller amounts of histones are being produced and push heavily on the limits of LC-MS detection. We were able to reduce the number of cells required for a typical histone PTM LC-MS analysis from 10^6 cells to 10^5 cells and permitting technical replicates at this level. Chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry is another useful tool in characterising PPIs whilst simultaneously providing limited structural information, even from native cellular environments and cell lysates making it highly promising for chromatin. Much development has been made in this technology, however data analysis for this technique can still be difficult and laborious. We proposed to address this by simplifying the complexity of the data by altering the functional chemistry of the cross-linker, with limited levels success. Finally, some molecules have great therapeutic potential in addressing erroneous chromatin regulations that are implicated in a number of cancers. In order for more efficient therapeutics to be developed, it is important to identify how and where they bind to proteins. We were able to address this issue for a ligand-protein pair, for a protein known to be implicated in cancer and modify histones.
Berry Curvature Enhanced Nonlinear Photogalvanic Response of Type-II Weyl Cone
Creators: name: Ma, Junchao
name: Gu, Qiangqiang
name: Liu, Yinan
name: Lai, Jiawei
name: Peng, Yu
name: Zhuo, Xiao
name: Liu, Zheng
name: Chen, Jian-Hao
name: Feng, Ji
name: Sun, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental manifestation of topological effects in bulk materials under ambient conditions, especially those with practical applications, has attracted enormous research interest. Recent discovery of Weyl semimetal provides an ideal material platform for such endeavors. The Berry curvature in a Weyl semimetal becomes singular at the Weyl node, creating an effective magnetic monopole in the k-space. A pair of Weyl nodes carry quantized effective magnetic charges with opposite signs, and therefore, opposite chirality. Although Weyl-point-related signatures such as chiral anomaly and non-closing surface Fermi arcs have been detected through transport and ARPES measurements, direct experimental evidence of the effective k-space monopole of the Weyl nodes has so far been lacking. In this work, signatures of the singular topology in a type-II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4 is revealed in the photo responses, which are shown to be directly related to the divergence of Berry curvature. As a result of the divergence of Berry curvature at the Weyl nodes, TaIrTe4 exhibits unusually large photo responsivity of 130.2 mA/W with 4-μm excitation in an unbiased field effect transistor at room temperature arising from the third-order nonlinear optical response. The room temperature mid-IR responsivity is approaching the performance of commercial HgCdTe detector operating at low temperature, making Type-II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4 of practical importance in terms of photo sensing and solar energy harvesting. Furthermore, the high shift photocurrent response at the Weyl cones is found to enhance the circularly polarized galvanic response from Weyl cones with opposite chirality, which opens new experimental possibilities for studying and controlling the chiral polarization of Weyl Fermions through an in-plane DC electric field in addition to the optical helicities.
description: Nature Materials (2019)
Additional file 1: of miR-449a inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and inflammation by regulating high-mobility group box protein 1 and forms a mutual inhibition loop with Yin Yang 1 in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes
Creators: name: Cai, Yongsong
name: Jiang, Congshan
name: Zhu, Jialin
name: Xu, Ke
name: Ren, Xiaoyu
name: Xu, Lin
name: Hu, Peijing
name: Wang, Bo
name: Yuan, Qiling
name: Guo, Yuanxu
name: Sun, Jian
name: Xu, Peng
name: Qiu, Yusheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S1. Sequences of oligonucleotides. (DOCX 12 kb)
Imaging dynamic patterning in lipid membranes
Creators: name: McCarthy, Nicola L. C.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Lateral inhomogeneity in biological membranes has been linked with many cellular functionalities including protein sorting and signal transduction. Fluid phase coexistence has been extensively studied by modelling membranes as bulk mesophases and as giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). However, the basis for microdomain formation in cells remains uncertain, and this is thought to be due to the small domain size and the highly dynamic nature of the cell membrane. The application of high pressure technology offers an ideal biophysical tool for the study of phase behaviour in model membranes both in and out of equilibrium. By coupling high-pressure technology with fluorescence microscopy we have been able to simultaneously induce and visualize phase separation in GUVs. This allows the structural dynamics (including domain size and morphology in individual vesicles) to be studied, which ideally compliments small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements of bulk mesophase properties. We employ high pressure technology to induce thickness mismatch and therefore alter the line tension between coexisting liquid domains, and to study the pressure effects on the lateral structuring of membranes containing general anaesthetics. The ability to trigger rapid phase separation using pressure-jumps across the phase boundary has been used to study the dynamic evolution of structural changes, with time-resolved microscopy and SAXS giving an insight into transition kinetics, energetics and mechanisms.
Galactic emission at 19 GHz
Creators: name: de Oliveira-Costa, Angelica
name: Tegmark, Max
name: Page, Lyman
name: Boughn, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We cross-correlate a 19 GHz full sky Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) survey with other maps to quantify the foreground contribution. Correlations are detected with the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) 240, 140 and 100 micron maps at high latitudes (|b|>30degrees), and marginal correlations are detected with the Haslam 408 MHz and the Reich & Reich 1420 MHz synchrotron maps. The former agree well with extrapolations from higher frequencies probed by the COBE DMR and Saskatoon experiments and are consistent with both free-free and rotating dust grain emission.
description: 4 pages, with 4 figures included. Accepted for publication in ApJL. Color figure and links at http://www.sns.ias.edu/~angelica/foreground.html#19 or from angelica@ias.edu
Unsteady turbulent jets and plumes
Creators: name: Craske, John
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: This thesis investigates the physics of statistically unsteady axisymmetric turbulent jets and plumes using theory and direct numerical simulation. The focus is on understanding and modelling the physics that govern the behaviour of radially integrated quantities, such as the integral scalar flux, momentum flux and buoyancy flux. To this end, a framework is developed that generalises previous approaches, making no assumption about the longitudinal velocity profile, turbulence transport or pressure. The framework is used to develop well-posed integral models that exhibit a good agreement with simulation data. In the case of passive scalar transport, shear-flow dispersion is observed to be dominant in comparison with longitudinal turbulent mixing. A dispersion closure for free-shear flows based on the classical work of Taylor (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 219 1954b, pp. 186-203) is therefore developed. In the analysis of jets whose source momentum flux undergoes an instantaneous step change, it is demonstrated that a momentum–energy framework, of the kind used by Priestley & Ball (Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 81 1955, pp. 144-157), is the natural choice for unsteady free-shear flows. The framework is used to demonstrate why existing top-hat models of unsteady jets and plumes are ill-posed and that jets and plumes with Gaussian velocity profiles remain approximately straight-sided and are insensitive to source perturbations. Contrary to the view that the unsteady jet and plume equations are parabolic, it is shown that the generalised system of equations is hyperbolic. In unsteady plumes, the relative orientation of three independent families of characteristic curves determines whether propagating waves are lazy, forced or pure. To relate findings that are based on the momentum–energy framework to the classical mass–momentum framework, an unsteady entrainment coefficient is defined that generalises the decomposition proposed by Kaminski et al. (2005, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 526, pp. 361-376).
A standalone simulation framework of the MRPC detector read out in waveforms
Creators: name: Wang, Fuyue
name: Han, Dong
name: Wang, Yi
name: Yu, Yancheng
name: Zhang, Qiunan
name: Guo, Baohong
name: Li, Yuanjing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dedicated detector simulations are very important for the success of high energy physics experiments. They not only bring benefits to the optimization of the detectors, but can also improve the precision of the physics results. To design a Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) with a very good time resolution, a detailed monte-carlo simulation of the detector is needed and described in this paper. The simulation can produce detector signal waveforms which contain a complete information about the events. The detector performance filled with different gas mixtures is studied, and comparison between simulation and experimental results show a good agreement.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Outcome of cochlear implantation in the worse ear of post-lingual asymmetric hearing loss: elucidation of prognostic markers
Creators: name: Lee, Sang-Youp
name: Choe, Goun
name: Lee, Sang-Yeon
name: Kim, Namju Justin
name: Carandang, Marge
name: Oh, Seung Ha
name: Lee, Jun Ho
name: Choi, Byung Yoon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Specific correlations between the outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) and hearing thresholds of the both ears in post-lingual asymmetric hearing loss (AHL) patients were not clear. To identify the variables influencing the outcome of CI in post-lingual AHL patients. We included 18 adult subjects who had CI in the worse ear due to post-lingual AHL with average hearing asymmetry of 36 dB. Speech perception scores were evaluated in the sound field with hearing aid on the better ear before CI, and with the cochlear implant in the worse ear at 3, 6, and 12 months after CI switch-on. Average increases in phonetically balanced word score, spondee word score, and everyday sentence score at 12 months from CI switch-on compared with those before CI were 38.9%p, 46.2%p, and 52.4%p, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that speech perception scores were negatively influenced by age at implantation and hearing threshold difference of both ears (HTD-Both) itself, rather than the worse or better ear hearing thresholds. Post-lingual AHL subjects with high average hearing asymmetry can benefit from CI in the worse ear, while CI outcomes can be adversely influenced by HTD-Both and age at implantation both in the short- and long-term follow-up.
Studies on the internal structure of the binary mixtures of N,N-dimethylacetamide with 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol by means of measuring their densities and relative permittivities at 298.15 K
Creators: name: Zdzisław Kinart
name: Ćwiklińska, Aneta
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The densities and relative permittivities of binary mixtures of N,N-dimethylacetamide with 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol have been measured as a function of composition, at T = 298.15 K. From the experimental data the excess molar volume (VE) from a mole fraction and the excess relative permittivity (εE) from a volume fraction average have been calculated. The results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions and structure of studied binary mixtures.
On uniformity of $q$-multiplicative sequences
Creators: name: Fan, Aihua
name: Konieczny, Jakub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B85 (Primary) 11B30, 37A30 (Secondary)

description: We show that any $q$-multiplicative sequence which is \emph{oscillating} of order $1$, i.e.\ does not correlate with linear phase functions $e^{2πi nα}$ ($α\in \mathbb{R})$, is Gowers uniform of all orders, and hence in particular does not correlate with polynomial phase functions $e^{2πi p(n)}$ ($p \in \mathbb{R}[x]$). Quantitatively, we show that any $q$-multiplicative sequence which is of Gelfond type of order 1 is automatically of Gelfond type of all orders. Consequently, any such $q$-multiplicative sequence is a good weight for ergodic theorems. We also obtain combinatorial corollaries concerning linear patterns in sets which are described in terms of sums of digits.
description: 25 pages
Assessment of time to death, brain tissue damage and clinical signs of consciousness in mature Jersey x Holstein cattle receiving a secondary penetrating captive bolt gunshot at the poll or frontal sinus locations
Creators: name: Robbins, Jesse A.
name: Sanchez, Helstrom
name: Spangler, Conrad
name: Vazquez, Sergio
name: Spatz, Nate
name: Boyum, Brett
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2023
Subjects: anatomical landmarks
animal welfare
captive bolt gun
death
euthanasia
humane

description: Providing cattle with a good death is an ethical imperative for the dairy industry. When using a penetrating captive bolt gun (PCBG), a secondary (adjunctive) method is currently recommended. Some farms prefer to apply the secondary shot in the poll location whereas others prefer the frontal-sinus location. Unfortunately, little is known about the efficacy of these alternative secondary shot locations. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical signs of consciousness and time to death for 2 different secondary PCBG shot locations in mature Jersey x Holstein cross dairy cattle. Data was collected contemporaneously at 6 dairy operations located in the Midwest U.S. After receiving the first PCBG shot in the frontal-sinus location, cattle requiring euthanasia (n = 46) were randomly assigned to receive a secondary PCBG shot in either the poll (Frontal- Poll) or the frontal-sinus location (Frontal-Frontal) and continuously monitored for clinical signs of consciousness (corneal and palpebral reflex, rhythmic breathing, threat response, etc.) and heartbeat. Signs of consciousness were rarely observed immediately following the first frontal-sinus shot. The median time period when the last heartbeat was heard (7-8 min) did not differ between groups (P = 0.253) nor did gross brain trauma scores (P = 0.247). We conclude the location of the secondary PCBG shot (frontal vs poll) does not seem to impact time to death or gross brain trauma scores. These findings confirm results of previous research involving younger cattle and suggest additional research is needed to better understand the effect of different PCBG locations.
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 57 No. 2 (2023)
Reasoning with time and data abstractions
Creators: name: Da Rocha Pinto, Pedro
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: In this thesis, we address the problem of verifying the functional correctness of concurrent programs, with emphasis on fine-grained concurrent data structures. Reasoning about such programs is challenging since data can be concurrently accessed by multiple threads: the reasoning must account for the interference between threads, which is often subtle. To reason about interference, concurrent operations should either be at distinct times or on distinct data. We present TaDA, a sound program logic for verifying clients and implementations that use abstract specifications that incorporate both abstract atomicity—the abstraction that operations take effect at a single, discrete instant in time—and abstract disjointness—the abstraction that operations act on distinct data resources. Our key contribution is the introduction of atomic triples, which offer an expressive approach for specifying program modules. We also present Total-TaDA, a sound extension of TaDA with which we can verify total correctness of concurrent programs, i.e. that such programs both produce the correct result and terminate. With Total-TaDA, we can specify constraints on a thread’s concurrent environment that are necessary to guarantee termination. This allows us to verify total correctness for nonblocking algorithms and express lock- and wait-freedom. More generally, the abstract specifications can express that one operation cannot impede the progress of another, a new non-blocking property that we call non-impedance. Finally, we describe how to extend TaDA for proving abstract atomicity for data structures that make use of helping—where one thread is performing an abstract operation on behalf of another—and speculation—where an abstract operation is determined by future behaviour.
Case report: Systemic granulomatous disease with vasculitis in a bull due to hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) toxicosis
Creators: name: Ilha, Marcia R.S.
name: Hawkins, Ian K.
name: Jones, A. Lee
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2023
Subjects: cattle
granulomatous disease
hairy vetch
Vicia villosa
vasculitis
toxicosis

description: A 5-year-old Angus bull presented for generalized alopecia, thickened pleated skin and profuse malodorous watery diarrhea. This bull, along with 6 other beef bulls, had been grazing in a pasture containing hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) for 5-6 months. Diagnostic samples included blood for CBC and chemistry, skin biopsy and scrapings, fecal sample and liver biopsy. Biopsy of skin revealed a chronic, moderate, perivascular and perifollicular, eosinophilic to histiocytic-lymphocytic dermatitis with moderate acanthosis and hyperkeratosis indicative of an ongoing hypersensitivity reaction. The bull did not respond to treatment and was euthanized due to poor prognosis. At necropsy, disseminated systemic granulomatous disease with variable numbers of multinucleated giant cells and eosinophils was observed in multiple organs indicative of systemic granulomatous disease, along with vasculitis in the kidney, liver, and adrenal gland, indicative that vasculitis is involved in the pathogenesis of the lesions. Viral diseases were ruled out by  immunohistochemistry of sections of kidney and by in situ hybridization on kidney sections. CD3, CD20, and CD79a lymphocyte markers immunostaining of sections of kidney revealed predominance of CD3 positive lymphocytes, indicative of predominance of T-cell lymphocytes supporting a type-IV hypersensitivity. The vasculitis observed prompted formulating a list of differential diagnoses for infectious diseases that have evidence of vasculitis, including bovine virus diarrhea virus and malignant catarrhal fever. Vasculitis, although previously described in cases of hairy vetch poisoning, is not observed in every single case of the disease. The remaining bulls were not removed from the pasture and none developed clinical signs.
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 57 No. 2 (2023)
Effect of confinement on shock wave-boundary layer interactions
Creators: name: Grossman, Ilan Jesse
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Shock wave-boundary layer interactions (SWBLIs) are an inevitable feature of compressible flow and can have a large detrimental effect on the performance of aerodynamic applications. To address and design to accommodate them, requires detailed understanding of the underlying flow mechanisms. At present, our knowledge of these mechanisms is insufficient to accurately predict SWBLI behavior. This experimental study attempts to provide a better understanding of some of these mechanisms by focusing on the three- dimensionality inherent in oblique SWBLIs. The test configuration consists of an oblique shock wave in Mach 2 flow in a rectangular test section at flow deflection angles of 8° , 10° , and 12°. The key parameters of test section effective aspect ratio (AReff) and shock generator geometry are varied to assess their ability to amplify/attenuate the three-dimensionality of a nominally two-dimensional SWBLI. An innovative traversable shock generator with interchangeable wedge geometries allow the effects of AReff , expansion fan placement, and side-wall gap to be studied. The flow is investigated by employing Schlieren photography, surface flow visualization, static pressure measurements, Laser Doppler Anemometry and Particle Image Velocimetry. It is observed that with an increase in AReff, or a downstream movement of the expansion fan, or a decrease in side-wall gap, the SWBLI and shock-induced separation will grow. The growth of the separated region exhibits an increase in three-dimensionality and at high AReff the regular reflection is observed to evolve into a Mach reflection without an increase in incident shock strength. Models are proposed to explain the observed behavior as a function of separation growth and a reduction of the influence of free interaction theory.
Super-diffusion in one-dimensional quantum lattice models
Creators: name: Ilievski, Enej
name: De Nardis, Jacopo
name: Medenjak, Marko
name: Prosen, Tomaž
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify a class of one-dimensional spin and fermionic lattice models which display diverging spin and charge diffusion constants, including several paradigmatic models of exactly solvable strongly correlated many-body dynamics such as the isotropic Heisenberg spin chains, the Fermi-Hubbard model, and the t-J model at the integrable point. Using the hydrodynamic transport theory, we derive an analytic lower bound on the spin and charge diffusion constants by calculating the curvature of the corresponding Drude weights at half filling, and demonstrate that for certain lattice models with isotropic interactions some of the Noether charges exhibit super-diffusive transport at finite temperature and half filling.
description: 4 pages + appendices, v2 as published
Does Every Quasar Harbor A Blazar?
Creators: name: Ma, Feng
name: Wills, Beverley J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming there is a blazar type continuum in every radio-loud quasar, we find that the free-free heating due to the beamed infrared continuum can greatly enhance collisionally excited lines, and thus explain the stronger CIV $λ$1549 line emission observed in radio loud quasars. We further predict that the CIV line should show variability {\it not} associated with observed continuum or Ly$α$ variability.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures; to appear in Astrophys. J. Lett
Evaluation of internal teat sealant persistence in the mammary gland during the dry period
Creators: name: Buckley, Michelle P.
name: Bayne, Jenna
name: Tomazi, Tiago
name: Miller, Brian E.
name: Silva, Gustavo S.
name: Gorden, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2023
Subjects: internal teat sealant
dry cow therapy
milk quality

description: The aim of this study was to characterize the behavior of 2 commercially available internal teat sealants containing bismuth subnitrate (SOa and ORBb) during the dry- and postfresh periods in dairy cattle. Digital radiography was used to monitor location and percentage of teat cistern fill at dry-off and during the dry period. Teat-level health parameters including infection status at dry-off and post-fresh as well as incidence of clinical mastitis were also assessed. Radiographic imaging revealed that 21.1% of teats had sealant present in the gland cistern at dry-off (SO= 23.6%, ORB = 18.5%) which increased to 55.9% (SO = 59.6%, ORB = 52.2%) at pre-fresh imaging. Quarters with sealant that had migrated into the gland shed noticeable amounts of sealant for twice as long (mean 14.34 milkings), compared to quarters that did not have sealant in the gland (mean: 7.12, P < 0.001). There was no correlation between sealant location and intramammary infection at dry-off or post-fresh, nor did sea ant location impact clinical mastitis in the first 120 days in milk. Milk leakage after dry-off also was not correlated with an increased risk of intramammary infection during the dry or post-fresh periods. There was no difference between treatments in any of the parameters evaluated. Prolonged sealant shedding is a common reason that producers cite for not utilizing internal teat sealant products in their dry-off protocols. Further research is indicated to determine the optimal amount of sealant required to provide protection while minimizing post-fresh shedding.
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 57 No. 2 (2023)
Trilaciclib and the economic value of multilineage myeloprotection from chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression among patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer treated with first-line chemotherapy
Creators: name: Abraham, Ivo
name: Onyekwere, Uchenna
name: Deniz, Baris
name: Moran, Donald
name: Chioda, Marc
name: MacDonald, Karen
name: Huang, Huan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Proliferating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are susceptible to chemotherapy-induced damage, resulting in myelosuppressive adverse events (AEs) such as neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia that are associated with high health care costs and decreased quality of life (QoL). In this study, a trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to help assess the economic impact of administering trilaciclib, a myeloprotective therapy that protects multilineage HSPCs from chemotherapy-induced damage, prior to standard first-line chemotherapy, using data from a pivotal Phase II study of trilaciclib in the setting of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC, NCT03041311). The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of administering trilaciclib prior to chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone among patients with ES-SCLC from a US payer perspective. Data on the rate and frequency of myelosuppressive AEs and health utility were derived from the pivotal study of trilaciclib. Costs of managing myelosuppressive AEs and costs of chemotherapy treatment were sourced from published literature. Outcomes included the number of myelosuppressive AEs, costs (in 2021 US dollars), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), incremental cost, incremental QALY, and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Administering trilaciclib prior to chemotherapy was associated with a reduction in neutropenia (82%), febrile neutropenia (75%), anemia (43%), and thrombocytopenia (96%) compared with chemotherapy alone. Additionally, trilaciclib prior to chemotherapy was cost-saving compared with chemotherapy alone ($99,919 vs $118,759, respectively) and associated with QALY improvement (0.150 vs 0.145, respectively). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed 58% of iterations projecting cost savings and QALY improvement with trilaciclib. The findings suggest that the use of trilaciclib prior to first-line chemotherapy in patients with ES-SCLC can be cost-beneficial owing to fewer myelosuppressive AEs and lower costs, together with a favorable QoL profile.
Two-dimensional wide band gap semiconductors for deep UV photonics
Creators: name: Kahn, Kevin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Light emitters and detectors in the deep ultraviolet range (DUV) are of great current interest, with applications in water purification, solar-blind photodetectors and communication, biohazard detection, and phosphor-assisted white light emitters. However, DUV optoelectronics based on solid-state heterostructures suffer from low internal and external quantum efficiencies, due to issues relating to their fundamental material properties. These limitations motivate the exploration of new classes of materials for these applications. The recent emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials has opened up new possibilities in this area, however 2D materials also bring new experimental challenges: particularly the deposition and characterisation of atomic layers, as well as scientific challenges, especially understanding how interactions between the 2D layer and the substrates and/or the environment may affect the properties of the 2D layer. In this thesis, the optical properties of promising materials for deep UV photonics are assessed using a combination of techniques, and the mathematical links between the resulting data are demonstrated. The first part of this work discusses the optical and structural properties of gallium nitride and its alloys, which are the foundation of current optoelectronics, and addresses the optical processes of freestanding and supported 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as a potential candidate for high-efficiency deep UV optoelectronic devices. The objectives are to (i) confirm the validity of the models on well-known materials, (ii) determine whether h-BN is a good candidate for deep UV optoelectronics and (iii) whether and how interactions between 2D h-BN with substrates must be taken into consideration. The second part discusses the optical properties of barium zirconate titanate with changes in composition and dimensionality. The objectives are (i) to apply models developed for the nitrides to extract the bulk properties of these oxides, and (ii) to determine whether they are good candidates for deep UV optoelectronics in their 2D form.
The X-ray properties of the merging galaxy pair NGC 4038/9 - the Antennae
Creators: name: Read, A. M.
name: Ponman, T. J.
name: Wolstencroft, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of an X-ray spectral imaging observation of the Antennae with the ROSAT PSPC. 55% of the soft X-ray flux from the system is resolved into discrete sources, including components identified with the galactic nuclei and large HII regions, whilst the remainder appears to be predominantly genuinely diffuse emission from gas at a temperature ~4x10^6 K. The morphology of the emission is unusual, combining a halo which envelopes the galactic discs, with what appears to be a distorted, but well-collimated bipolar outflow. We derive physical parameters for the hot gas in both diffuse components, which are of some interest, given that the Antennae probably represents an elliptical galaxy in the making.
description: 15 pages plus 9 figures, uuencoded encapsulated postscript file. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
MOESM1 of Towards semi-synthetic microbial communities: enhancing soy sauce fermentation properties in B. subtilis co-cultures
Creators: name: Det-udom, Rachatida
name: Gilbert, Charlie
name: Liu, Long
name: Prakitchaiwattana, Cheunjit
name: Ellis, Tom
name: Ledesma-Amaro, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Bacterial strains used in this study. Table S2. Plasmids used in this study. Table S3. DNA sequences of the genes used in this study. Figure S1. De-browning effect of B. amyloliquefaciens strain SSB6. Figure S2. Xylose utilization and xylitol production of engineered strains.
Neuromuscular stimulation of the leg
Creators: name: Williams, Katherine
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Disorders of the circulation of the leg are a problem in both the developed and developing world, and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The incidence of diabetes is increasing, the population is ageing, and resources to treat vascular disease are finite. Exercise can augment the circulation, and has many beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system as a whole. Electrical stimulation of the muscles of the leg may work in a similar fashion to both voluntary contraction and external muscle compression, in that venous return is increased, and symptoms of vascular disease are reduced. This body of work aims to delineate the clinical problems to which this solution should be applied, carry out preliminary testing and pilot trials to assess feasibility and effect size of electrical therapy, and to design a device which best addresses the needs of the identified population. Hypothesis Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the leg increases the circulatory parameters of the leg, and treatment with NMES over time will alleviate clinical symptoms of vascular disease and improve quality of life. Methods The incidence of medical morbidity related to vascular disease was explored, and target populations requiring development of current inadequate management strategies were identified. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation has been defined, and the history of the use of electrical therapies has been reviewed. Bench testing and small trials were conducted to evaluate the physiological impact of neuromuscular electrical stimulation device usage, and how they compare to current standards of non-pharmaceutical and non-operative medical care (e.g. graduated compression, intermittent pneumatic compression). Clinical trials in patient groups of interest were instituted, looking specifically at chronic venous disease, peripheral arterial disease, and diabetic vascular complications. Results Flow rates and speed of blood in the femoral vessels increased in both healthy subjects and those with vascular disease. Those patients with severe diabetic foot complications were more resistant to flow changes. Fluximetry measurements taken from the foot increased with NMES device use. Improvements in functional outcomes were shown, particularly in the management of claudication and wound healing in the diabetic foot. Quality of life measures improved but on the whole were not statistically significant. Conclusions The judicious use of NMES in patients with vascular disease could prove useful, especially in the setting of multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy. The risk profile is very low, especially when compared to anticoagulants or surgery. The health economic benefits are not known, but future studies could use the data in this thesis to power future trials. The biological effects of device usage, both long and short term have not been explored, and may be amenable to testing in further trials in humans.
Rees-Sciama Effect in a CDM Universe
Creators: name: Seljak, Uros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rees-Sciama (RS) effect produces fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) through the time-dependent gravitational potential in the nonlinear stages of evolution. I investigate the RS effect on the CMB angular power spectrum $C_l$ for several CDM models by combining the results of N-body simulations with second order perturbation theory. The amplitude of the RS fluctuations peaks at $l \sim 100-300$, where it gives $ΔT /T \sim 10^{-7}-10^{-6}$ for a wide range of models. This is at least an order of magnitude below the COBE normalized primary contribution. RS fluctuations could be a dominant source of anisotropies only on subarcminute scales ($l \approx 5000$) and are below the present day observational sensitivities on all angular scales.
description: 16 pages, latex file using aastex package, including 5 figures, submitted to ApJ
Cosmological tests of gravity with latest observations
Creators: name: Li, Jian
name: Zhao, Gong-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform observational tests of modified gravity on cosmological scales following model-dependent and model-independent approaches using the latest astronomical observations, including measurements of the local Hubble constant, cosmic microwave background, the baryonic acoustic oscillations and redshift space distortions derived from galaxy surveys including the SDSS BOSS and eBOSS, as well as the weak lensing observations performed by the CFHTLenS team. Using all data combined, we find a deviation from the prediction of general relativity in both the effective Newton's constant, $μ(a,k)$, and in the gravitational slip, $η(a,k)$. The deviation is at a $3.1σ$ level in the joint $\{μ(a,k),η(a,k)\}$ space using a two-parameter phenomenological model for $μ$ and $η$, and it reaches a $3.7σ$ level if a general parametrisation is used. This signal, which may be subject to unknown observational systematics, or a sign of new physics, is worth further investigating with forthcoming observations.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures; ApJ accepted
Stability analysis for grain yield of winter wheat in a long-term field experiment
Creators: name: Macholdt, Janna
name: Honermeier, Bernd
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: The current study is based on a long-term field experiment that was conducted at the Rauischholzhausen field station of the University of Giessen (Germany). It includes six different crop rotation systems (CRSs), three mineral nitrogen (N) fertilization treatments and the varying annual weather conditions (AWCs) over 25 years (1993–2017). To ensure new insight into wheat cropping systems that have high yield stability, the dataset was assessed using different methods of stability analysis, including eco-valence, biplot and risk analysis. The results show that the factors which influence grain yield variation in winter wheat can be ranked in the following order: (1) N fertilization; (2) AWC; and (3) CRS. Compared to winter rye as the preceding cereal crop, field bean as the preceding legume crop had a clearly positive effect on the grain yield stability of winter wheat. Furthermore, the higher N fertilization level led to more stable grain yields of winter wheat for all investigated CRSs. Overall, in this study, crop rotation and N fertilization had a high impact on the yield stability of winter wheat. These are important factors to consider in agronomic management decisions under the increasingly difficult environmental conditions caused by climate change.
Energy transport due to pressure diffusion enhanced by helicity and system rotation in inhomogeneous turbulence
Creators: name: Inagaki, Kazuhiro
name: Hamba, Fujihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that turbulent energy is rapidly transferred in the direction of the rotation axis in a rotating system, in comparison with the non-rotating case. In this study, this phenomenon is investigated as a problem of energy diffusion expressed by the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model. The conventional gradient-diffusion approximation for the turbulent energy flux cannot account for the enhanced energy transport observed in rotating inhomogeneous turbulence. In order to adequately describe the phenomenon, we propose a new model for the energy flux due to the pressure associated with the rotational motion of a fluid. The model of the energy flux is expressed to be proportional to the turbulent helicity. This property is closely related to the group velocity of inertial waves in a rapidly rotating fluid. The validity of the model is assessed using a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of inhomogeneous turbulence under rotation. It is shown that most of the turbulent energy transport enhanced by the system rotation is attributed to the pressure diffusion term. The spatial distribution of the energy flux due to the pressure related to the system rotation is similar to that of the turbulent helicity with negative coefficient. Hence, the new model which is proportional to the turbulent helicity is able to qualitatively account for the enhanced energy flux due to the system rotation. Finally, the helical Rossby number is proposed in order to estimate the relative importance of the energy flux enhanced by the turbulent helicity and the rotation, in comparison to the conventional gradient-diffusion approximation.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures