Pulvinaria flava Takahashi 1955
Creators: name: Tanaka, Hirotaka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Pulvinaria
Pulvinaria flava

description: Pulvinaria flava Takahashi, 1955
(Fig. 3)
Pulvinaria flava Takahashi, 1955: 152; Kawai 1972: 15; Kawai, 1980: 153; Kozár & Walter, 1985: 78; Ben-Dov, 1993: 260. Pulvinaria flavida Takahashi, 1955; Takahashi, 1955: 150; Tang, 1991: 252, 258 (mis-spelling of species epithet).
Material examined. Lectotype (here designated). JAPAN: Osaka, 5. v.1955, on Symplocos sp., coll. R. Takahashi, 1 adult female mounted singly on a slide (SEHU).
Paralectotypes (here designated). Same data as lectotype, 4 adult females on 2 slides (SEHU)
Redescription. Slide-mounted adult females (n=5): body oval, 3.5 (3.5–3.7) mm long, 2.6 (2.5–2.8) mm wide, margin with shallow indentation at each stigmatic cleft; anal cleft about 1/7 (1/6–1/7) body length.
Dorsum. Derm membranous but dermal areolations well-developed. Dorsal setae spiniform, frequent, scattered over entire dorsum, each 5–7 (5–7) µm long with a well-developed basal socket. Preopercular pores oval to circular, small, each 3 (2–3) µm in diameter, 9 (7–18) present on front of anal plates. Dorsal tubular ducts and microducts frequent throughout, with a tubular duct or microduct associated with each areolation. Dorsal tubercles of normal type present in submarginal area, with 1 (1–4) between anterior stigmatic clefts, 1–2 (0–2) between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts, and 1–2 (0–5) between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft. Anal plates together quadrate; each plate 130–132 (124–146) µm long, 65–68 (65–77) µm wide, with a well-developed supporting bar and 4 (3–4) (usually 4) apical setae. Ano-genital fold with 2 pairs of setae along anterior margin and 1 or 2 pairs laterally. Anal ring bearing 6 (6–7) (usually 6) setae. Eyespots present on body margin.
Margin. Marginal setae with well-developed basal sockets and simple pointed or occasionally bifid apices, each seta 19–70 (17–75) µm long, each side with 16–18 (16–27) setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each with 2–3 (2–3) (mostly 3) stigmatic spines, median spine longest, 65–78 (49–80) µm long, about 2–3 (2–5) times as long as a lateral spine.
Venter. Derm membranous. Multilocular pores each 7–8 (6–8) µm wide, with 6–8 (6–8) (mostly 7) loculi, present around genital opening, and in medial areas of preceding 3 or 4 abdominal segments; a small group occasionally present lateral to each meso- and metacoxa. Spiracular pores each 4–5 (4–5) µm wide, with 5 (5–7) (usually 5) loculi, present in bands 1–4 (1–4) pores wide between margin and each spiracle; anterior bands each containing 33–36 (32–46) pores, posterior bands each with 43 (29–45) pores. Microducts scattered throughout venter. Tubular ducts of 3 types: type I with large outer ductule, a stout inner ductule and well-developed flower-shaped terminal gland, present in posterior medial area of head, medial area of all thoracic segments and anterior abdominal segments, and also in inner submarginal area, extending from near anterior abdominal segments to prothoracic segments; type II tubular ducts each with rather small outer ductule and a shallow cup-shaped invagination leading to a narrower inner ductule with a well-developed terminal gland, mostly occurring on medial area of posterior abdominal segments and in inner submarginal area of abdominal segments, with a few ducts also present on inner submarginal area of thoracic segments; and type III ducts similar to type II but with a short, filamentous inner ductule and a very small terminal gland, present mainly in a submarginal band from area near anal clefts to area near posterior to metathoracic spiracular pore band, with a few ducts also present submarginally between metathoracic spiracular pore band to near each antenna, intermixed with type I and type II ducts in inner submarginal area. Posterior 3 abdominal segments each with 1 pair of long ventral setae present on medial area. With 4 (4–5) pairs of long setae present between antennae; also, usually with 1 (rarely 2) pair of long setae mesad of each procoxa; other setae short and fine, distributed over entire venter. Spiracles normal, peritreme widths: anterior 40–41 (35–49) µm, posterior 48 (42–50) µm. Legs well developed, each with a completely articulated tibio-tarsal joint and an articulatory sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules rather broad and slightly shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Hind trochanter + femur 275 (258–285) µm long, hind tibia 204–208 (204–228) µm long, and hind tarsus 100–103 (100–110) µm long. Antennae 8- (7- or 8-) segmented (usually 8), each 389 (342–405) µm long. Labium 60 (56–62) µm long, 108 (108–114) µm wide.
Host plants. Symplocaceae: Symplocos sp. (Takahashi 1955; Kawaii 1972; Kawai 1980).
Distribution. Japan: Osaka Prefecture (Takahashi 1955; Kawai, 1972; Kawai 1980).
Remarks. Pulvinaria flava resembles P. torreyae Takahashi, 1956, in having occasional marginal setae with bifid apices and in the number of loculi in each multilocular pore. However, it can be distinguished from P. torreyae in lacking marginal setae with fimbriate and spatulate apices, in having a few ventral tubular ducts of type III between the metathoracic spiracular pore band and the area near each antenna, and a more rounded body shape. Important diagnostic morphological character states of this species and a comparison between them and those of the type species of the genus, P. vitis (Linnaeus, 1758) are summarized in Table 1.
The adult female morphology of the specimens of P. flava described here agree well with Takahashi’s (1955) original description, but differ slightly from the original description as follows (character states of the original description in parenthesis): (i) spiracular disc pores between each spiracle and stigmatic cleft numbering 29–46 (35 to over 50 in each band), (ii) preopercular pores numbering 7–18 (referred as dorsal minute median pores, 15–21 in each individual), (iii) number of marginal setae on each side between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts numbering 16–27 (18–20), and (iv) shape of marginal seta tips and length of marginal setae 17–75 µm long (27–75 µm). These morphological discrepancies are probably due to the morphological variation of the species or the quality of the microscope.
description: Published as part of Tanaka, Hirotaka, 2020, Redescriptions of three species of Pulvinaria (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in Japan, pp. 131-141 in Zootaxa 4779 (1) on pages 137-140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/3831652