cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Epistaxis first-aid management: a needs assessment among healthcare providers
Creators: name: Sowerby, Leigh
name: Rajakumar, Chandheeb
name: Davis, Matthew
name: Rotenberg, Brian
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Purpose: To perform a needs assessment of epistaxis first-aid measures practiced by family physicians and Emergency Department (ED) staff in London, Ontario, Canada. Methods: Paper-based multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to participants. Participant recruitment was conducted in two parts: 1) 28 Emergency Medicine (EM) attending physicians, 21 resident physicians training in the ED, and 26 ED nurses were surveyed while on duty in the ED; 2) 27 family physicians providing walk-in or urgent care and attending a continuing medical education (CME) event were also surveyed. Respondents were asked to identify where to apply compression to the nose and how patients should be positioned during acute epistaxis. Results: Regarding where to apply compression, 19% of family physicians, 43% of EM physicians, 24% of residents, and 8% of ED nurses responded correctly. Regarding positioning, all groups responded similarly with 54–62% responding correctly. Twenty-one percent of emergency physicians, 19% of residents, 11% of family physicians, and 4% of nurses responded correctly to both questions. Conclusions: Most family physicians, EM attending physicians, ED nurses, and residents could not correctly identify basic first-aid measures for acute epistaxis. This study identifies an area where knowledge is lacking and the potential for improvement in patient management and education.
Relaxed hydrodynamic theory of electrically driven non-equilibrium steady states
Creators: name: Brattan, Daniel K.
name: Matsumoto, Masataka
name: Baggioli, Matteo
name: Amoretti, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The capability of hydrodynamics to accurately describe slow and long-wavelength fluctuations around non-equilibrium steady states (NESS), characterized by a stationary flow of energy or matter in the presence of a driving force, remains an open question. In this study, we explicitly construct a hydrodynamic description of electrically driven non-equilibrium charged steady states \new{in the limit in which the relaxation of the first non-hydrodynamic excitation is parametrically slow}. Our approach involves introducing gapped modes and extending the effective description into a relaxed hydrodynamic theory (RHT). Leveraging the gauge-gravity duality as a tool for controlled computations within non-equilibrium systems, we establish an ultraviolet complete model for these NESS that confirms the validity of our RHT. In summary, our findings provide a concrete realization of the validity of hydrodynamics beyond thermal equilibrium, offering valuable insights into the dynamics of non-equilibrium systems.
description: v2: matching the published version in PRR
Funerary apotropaic devices in Egypt’s Old Kingdom
Creators: name: Blair, Kefie
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The prospect of entering a forgotten tomb and emerging plagued by an ancient curse has intrigued modern audiences for more than a century. Despite the interest of the general public and scholars alike, the topic of curses has been relatively understudied in Egyptological scholarship. This thesis explores previously overlooked aspects of Egyptian curses such as placement, intent, and phraseological trends, and examines them within the temporal and cultural contexts that they first appeared - the Old Kingdom. Tombs from this period featuring curses are examined with a view to gaining greater understanding of their geospatial nature and scope, as well as insight into those individuals who employed curses and their potential motivations for doing so. Modes of analysis include tomb locations within cemeteries, the titles of those who invoked curses, curse location, and phraseology. This research extends our knowledge of curse origins, phraseological evolution, and dissemination over time, as well as their social meaning within the broader and ever-changing frameworks of ancient Egyptian funerary culture.
(Pseudo-)Synthetic BRST quantisation of the bosonic string and the higher quantum origin of dualities
Creators: name: Patrascu, Andrei T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article I am arguing in favour of the hypothesis that the origin of gauge and string dualities in general can be found in a higher-categorical interpretation of basic quantum mechanics. It is interesting to observe that the Galilei group has a non-trivial cohomology, while the Lorentz/Poincare group has trivial cohomology. When we constructed quantum mechanics, we noticed the non-trivial cohomology structure of the Galilei group and hence, we required for a proper quantisation procedure that would be compatible with the symmetry group of our theory, to go to a central extension of the Galilei group universal covering by co-cycle. This would be the Bargmann group. However, Nature didn't choose this path. Instead in nature, the Galilei group is not realised, while the Lorentz group is. The fact that the Galilei group has topological obstructions leads to a central charge, the mass, and a superselection rule, required to implement the Galilei symmetry, that forbids transitions between states of different mass. The topological structure of the Lorentz group however lacks such an obstruction, and hence allows for transitions between states of different mass. The connectivity structure of the Lorentz group as opposed to that of the Galilei group can be interpreted in the sense of an ER=EPR duality for the topological space associated to group cohomology. In string theory we started with the Witt algebra, and due to similar quantisation issues, we employed the central extension by co-cycle to obtain the Virasoro algebra. This is a unique extension for orientation preserving diffeomorphisms on a circle, but there is no reason to believe that, at the high energy domain in physics where this would apply, we do not have a totally different structure altogether and the degrees of freedom present there would require something vastly more general and global.
Reduced-dimensional modelling for nonlinear convection-dominated flow in cylindric domains
Creators: name: Mel'nyk, Taras
name: Rohde, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76R50, 35K59, 35B40, 35B25

description: The aim of the paper is to construct and justify asymptotic approximations for solutions to quasilinear convection-diffusion problems with a predominance of nonlinear convective flow in a thin cylinder, where an inhomogeneous nonlinear Robin-type boundary condition involving convective and diffusive fluxes is imposed on the lateral surface. The limit problem for vanishing diffusion and the cylinder shrinking to an interval is a nonlinear first-order conservation law. For a time span that allows for a classical solution of this limit problem corresponding uniform pointwise and energy estimates are proven. They provide precise model error estimates with respect to the small parameter that controls the double viscosity-geometric limit. In addition, other problems with more higher Péclet numbers are also considered.
description: 23 pages
Risk of dispersion or aerosol generation and infection transmission with nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for detection of COVID-19 : a systematic review
Creators: name: Agarwal, Arnav
name: Fernando, Shannon M.
name: Honarmand, Kimia
name: Bakaa, Layla
name: Brar, Sonia
name: Granton, David
name: Chaudhuri, Dipayan
name: Chetan, Devin
name: Hu, Malini
name: Basmaji, John
name: Muttalib, Fiona
name: Rochwerg, Bram
name: Adhikari, Neill K. J.
name: Lamontagne, Francois
name: Murthy, Srinivas
name: Hui, David S.
name: Gomersall, Charles D.
name: Mubareka, Samira
name: Diaz, Janet
name: Burns, Karen E. A.
name: Couban, Rachel
name: Vandvik, Per O.
Publisher: name: BMJ
Year: 2021

description: Objectives SARS-CoV-2-related disease, referred to as COVID-19, has emerged as a global pandemic since December 2019. While there is growing recognition regarding possible airborne transmission, particularly in the setting of aerosol-generating procedures and treatments, whether nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 generate aerosols remains unclear. Design Systematic review. Data sources We searched Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 3 November 2020. We also searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Medical Journal Network, medRxiv and ClinicalTrials.gov up to 29 March 2020. Eligibility criteria All comparative and non-comparative studies that evaluated dispersion or aerosolisation of viable airborne organisms, or transmission of infection associated with nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab testing. Results Of 7702 citations, only one study was deemed eligible. Using a dedicated sampling room with negative pressure isolation room, personal protective equipment including N95 or higher masks, strict sterilisation protocols, structured training with standardised collection methods and a structured collection and delivery system, a tertiary care hospital proved a 0% healthcare worker infection rate among eight nurses conducting over 11 000 nasopharyngeal swabs. No studies examining transmissibility with other safety protocols, nor any studies quantifying the risk of aerosol generation with nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs for detection of SARS-CoV-2, were identified. Conclusions There is limited to no published data regarding aerosol generation and risk of transmission with nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Field experiments to quantify this risk are warranted. Vigilance in adhering to current standards for infection control is suggested.
Spatially disordered environments stabilize competitive metacommunities
Creators: name: Padmanabha, Prajwal
name: Nicoletti, Giorgio
name: Bernardi, Davide
name: Suweis, Samir
name: Azaele, Sandro
name: Rinaldo, Andrea
name: Maritan, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metapopulation models have been instrumental in demonstrating the ecological impact of landscape structure on the survival of a focal species in complex environments. However, extensions to multiple species with arbitrary dispersal networks often rely on phenomenological assumptions limiting their scope. Here, we develop a multilayer network model of competitive dispersing metacommunities to investigate how spatially structured environments impact species coexistence and ecosystem stability. We show that homogeneous environments always lead to monodominance unless all species' fitness parameters are in an exact trade-off. However, this precise fine-tuning does not guarantee coexistence in generic heterogeneous environments. By introducing general spatial disorder in the model, we solve it exactly in the mean-field limit, finding that stable coexistence becomes possible in the presence of strong disorder. Crucially, coexistence is supported by the spontaneous localization of species through the emergence of ecological niches. Our results remain qualitatively valid in arbitrary dispersal networks, where topological features can improve species coexistence. Finally, we employ our model to study how correlated disorder promotes spatial ecological patterns in realistic terrestrial and riverine landscapes. Our work provides a novel framework to understand how landscape structure enables coexistence in metacommunities by acting as the substrate for ecological interactions.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Generative Text Steganography with Large Language Model
Creators: name: Wu, Jiaxuan
name: Wu, Zhengxian
name: Xue, Yiming
name: Wen, Juan
name: Peng, Wanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have blurred the boundary of high-quality text generation between humans and machines, which is favorable for generative text steganography. While, current advanced steganographic mapping is not suitable for LLMs since most users are restricted to accessing only the black-box API or user interface of the LLMs, thereby lacking access to the training vocabulary and its sampling probabilities. In this paper, we explore a black-box generative text steganographic method based on the user interfaces of large language models, which is called LLM-Stega. The main goal of LLM-Stega is that the secure covert communication between Alice (sender) and Bob (receiver) is conducted by using the user interfaces of LLMs. Specifically, We first construct a keyword set and design a new encrypted steganographic mapping to embed secret messages. Furthermore, to guarantee accurate extraction of secret messages and rich semantics of generated stego texts, an optimization mechanism based on reject sampling is proposed. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed LLM-Stega outperforms current state-of-the-art methods.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted at ACM Multimedia 2024
X-ray Interferometry Using a Modulated Phase Grating: Theory and Experiments
Creators: name: Meyer, Hunter
name: Dey, Joyoni
name: Carr, Sydney
name: Ham, Kyungmin
name: Butler, Leslie G.
name: Dooley, Kerry M.
name: Hidrovo, Ivan
name: Bleuel, Markus
name: Varga, Tamas
name: Schulz, Joachim
name: Beckenbach, Thomas
name: Kaiser, Konradin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray grating interferometry allows for the simultaneous acquisition of attenuation, differential-phase contrast, and dark-field images, resulting from X-ray attenuation, refraction, and small-angle scattering, respectively. The modulated phase grating (MPG) interferometer is a recently developed grating interferometry system capable of generating a directly resolvable interference pattern using a relatively large period grating envelope function that is sampled at a pitch that allows for X-ray spatial coherence using a microfocus X-ray source or by use of a source G0 grating that follows the Lau condition. We present the theory of the MPG interferometry system for a 2-dimensional staggered grating, derived using Fourier optics, and we compare the theoretical predictions with experiments we have performed with a microfocus X-ray system at Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU. The theoretical and experimental fringe visibility is evaluated as a function of grating-to-detector distance. Quantitative experiments are performed with porous carbon and alumina samples, and qualitative analysis of attenuation and dark-field images of a dried anchovy are shown.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures. This is a pre-print
title: Impact of Guideline-Directed Drug Therapy after ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction on Outcome in Young Patients—Age and Sex-Specific Factors
Creators: name: Fischer, Alicia Jeanette
name: Feld, Jannik
name: Lange, Stefan Andreas
name: Günster, Christian
name: Dröge, Patrik
name: Engelbertz, Christiane Maria
name: Ruhnke, Thomas
name: Gerß, Joachim
name: Reinecke, Holger
name: Köppe, Jeanette
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: Background: Specifically young women are at risk for a poor outcome after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aimed to investigate sex- and age-specific differences in outcome and associate these results with adherence to a guideline-directed optimal medical therapy (OMT). Methods: Administrative insurance data (≈26 million insured) were screened for patients aged 18–60 years with STEMI. Patient demographics, details on in-hospital treatment, adherence to OMT and its effect on mortality were assessed. Adherence to OMT was analyzed using multistate models and an association of those with death was fitted using multivariable Cox regression models with time-dependent co-variables. Results: Overall, 59,401 patients (19.3% women), median age 52 (interquartile range 48, 56) presented with STEMI. Female sex was associated with a poor outcome early after STEMI (90-day mortality: odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–1.32, p < 0.001). Overall survival was reduced in women compared to same-aged men. The ten-year survival rate was 19.7% (18.1–21.2%) versus 19.6% (18.9–20.4%) in men (p < 0.001). Although long-term drug adherence was low, its intake was associated with a better outcome. Specifically younger women showed a markedly lower mortality when on OMT (hazard ratio (HR) 0.22 (95% CI 0.19–0.26) versus HR 0.31 (95% CI 0.28–0.33) in men, pint < 0.001). Conclusions: Specifically young women were at risk for a poor outcome in the early phase after STEMI. Although long-term adherence to OMT was low, it was generally associated with a lower mortality, specifically in women. Our findings emphasize on early and long-term preventive measures in all patients after STEMI.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Universität Münster.
Germanium-based hybrid semiconductor-superconductor topological quantum computing platforms: Disorder effects
Creators: name: Laubscher, Katharina
name: Sau, Jay D.
name: Sarma, Sankar Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently suggested that proximitized gate-defined Ge hole nanowires could serve as an alternative materials platform for the realization of topological Majorana zero modes (MZMs). Here, we theoretically study the expected experimental signatures of Ge-based MZMs in tunneling conductance measurements, taking into account that unintentional random disorder is unavoidably present in realistic devices. Explicitly, we present numerically calculated local and nonlocal tunneling conductance spectra (as functions of bias voltage and magnetic field) for two different wire lengths, two different disorder models, two different parent superconductors (Al and NbTiN), and various disorder strengths, which we relate to an estimated lower bound for the disorder strength in Ge-based hybrid devices that we extract from the experimentally reported hole mobilities in current state-of-the-art two-dimensional Ge hole gases. We find that even if the actual disorder strength in the Ge-based hybrid device exceeds this theoretical lower bound by an order of magnitude, the system is still in the weak disorder regime, where the topological superconductivity is intact and the local conductance spectra manifest clear end-to-end correlated zero-bias peaks if and only if the system hosts topological end MZMs. This shows that, despite the relatively small pristine topological gaps ($\sim\,$a few tens of $μ$eV), Ge-based hybrid devices are a promising alternative platform for Majorana experiments due to the extremely high materials quality, which leads to an increased gap-to-disorder ratio and, therefore, to less ambiguity in the experimental tunneling conductance data compared to InAs-based devices.
Cost-Sensitive Uncertainty-Based Failure Recognition for Object Detection
Creators: name: Sbeyti, Moussa Kassem
name: Karg, Michelle
name: Wirth, Christian
name: Klein, Nadja
name: Albayrak, Sahin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object detectors in real-world applications often fail to detect objects due to varying factors such as weather conditions and noisy input. Therefore, a process that mitigates false detections is crucial for both safety and accuracy. While uncertainty-based thresholding shows promise, previous works demonstrate an imperfect correlation between uncertainty and detection errors. This hinders ideal thresholding, prompting us to further investigate the correlation and associated cost with different types of uncertainty. We therefore propose a cost-sensitive framework for object detection tailored to user-defined budgets on the two types of errors, missing and false detections. We derive minimum thresholding requirements to prevent performance degradation and define metrics to assess the applicability of uncertainty for failure recognition. Furthermore, we automate and optimize the thresholding process to maximize the failure recognition rate w.r.t. the specified budget. Evaluation on three autonomous driving datasets demonstrates that our approach significantly enhances safety, particularly in challenging scenarios. Leveraging localization aleatoric uncertainty and softmax-based entropy only, our method boosts the failure recognition rate by 36-60\% compared to conventional approaches. Code is available at https://mos-ks.github.io/publications.
description: Accepted with an oral presentation at UAI 2024
Leveraging Active Subspaces to Capture Epistemic Model Uncertainty in Deep Generative Models for Molecular Design
Creators: name: Abeer, A N M Nafiz
name: Jantre, Sanket
name: Urban, Nathan M
name: Yoon, Byung-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Deep generative models have been accelerating the inverse design process in material and drug design. Unlike their counterpart property predictors in typical molecular design frameworks, generative molecular design models have seen fewer efforts on uncertainty quantification (UQ) due to computational challenges in Bayesian inference posed by their large number of parameters. In this work, we focus on the junction-tree variational autoencoder (JT-VAE), a popular model for generative molecular design, and address this issue by leveraging the low dimensional active subspace to capture the uncertainty in the model parameters. Specifically, we approximate the posterior distribution over the active subspace parameters to estimate the epistemic model uncertainty in an extremely high dimensional parameter space. The proposed UQ scheme does not require alteration of the model architecture, making it readily applicable to any pre-trained model. Our experiments demonstrate the efficacy of the AS-based UQ and its potential impact on molecular optimization by exploring the model diversity under epistemic uncertainty.
Non-abelian symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy
Creators: name: Bianchi, Eugenio
name: Dona, Pietro
name: Kumar, Rishabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a mathematical framework for symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy with a non-abelian symmetry group. To obtain a reduced density matrix that is block-diagonal in the non-abelian charges, we define subsystems operationally in terms of subalgebras of invariant observables. We derive exact formulas for the average and the variance of the typical entanglement entropy for the ensemble of random pure states with fixed non-abelian charges. We focus on compact, semisimple Lie groups. We show that, compared to the abelian case, new phenomena arise from the interplay of locality and non-abelian symmetry, such as the asymmetry of the entanglement entropy under subsystem exchange, which we show in detail by computing the Page curve of a many-body system with SU(2) symmetry.
description: 55 pages, 5 figures; published version
Linear pedal drivetrain for a bicycle
Creators: name: Konerding, Gabe
name: Land, Zach
name: Leonard, Jalon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017

description: In this paper. the design proposed is a linear pedal drivetrain system for a bicycle. A linear
pedal drivetrain is different from a rotary system in that, the motion of the pedals is linear rather
than rotary. This system was proposed to provide an alternative to. current rotary pedal systems.
After conducting extensive background research, four design concepts were chosen to model
the system after. The concepts were: a slider-cranks, ·crank-rockers, eccentric or planetary gear
sets. and reciprocating racks and pinions.
Calculations were conducted for the gears, racks, and shaft. Then a design was constructed
in Solidworks to test the theoretical functionality. This allowed for the use of trial and error to
make important design decisions that could not be solved analytically. Once the design was fully
modeled in Solidworks, it could then be built to test full functionality.
Most of the design was made from scratch out of raw materials at the Applied Engineering
Center on the University of Southern Indiana campus. This not only gives the design more
freedom to customize components, but it also allows for the introduction of more error into the
components. Once all of the components of the design were built, they were then connected
together and mounted to the pre-existing bicycle chosen for the project.
After the build and construction of the system onto the bicycle was complete, a basic
functionality test was performed. The sector gear did not properly switch from one rack to the
other. This resulted in the design failing to propel the bicycle and rider forward for more than the
travel distance of one pedal stroke.
From the results of the basic functionality test, recommendations were made to fix the
problems of the current design. The key recommendations were to build a recumbent bicycle
frame around the linear system and change the offset between the racks on either side of a single
sector gear.
Zusammenarbeit zwischen Justizvollzug und Erwachsenenschutz. Gelingende Resozialisierung durch aktive Zusammenarbeit
Creators: name: Schori, Christine
name: Wider, Diana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Zusammenarbeit Justizvollzug

description: kein Abstract verfügbar
description: + ID der Publikation: hslu_88572 + Art des Beitrages: Referat/Vortrag + Veranstalter: Direktion der Justiz und des Innern, Kanton Zürich + Sprache: Deutsch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-04-26 14:23:30
Implicit Neural Representations for Robust Joint Sparse-View CT Reconstruction
Creators: name: Shi, Jiayang
name: Zhu, Junyi
name: Pelt, Daniel M.
name: Batenburg, K. Joost
name: Blaschko, Matthew B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Computed Tomography (CT) is pivotal in industrial quality control and medical diagnostics. Sparse-view CT, offering reduced ionizing radiation, faces challenges due to its under-sampled nature, leading to ill-posed reconstruction problems. Recent advancements in Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) have shown promise in addressing sparse-view CT reconstruction. Recognizing that CT often involves scanning similar subjects, we propose a novel approach to improve reconstruction quality through joint reconstruction of multiple objects using INRs. This approach can potentially utilize the advantages of INRs and the common patterns observed across different objects. While current INR joint reconstruction techniques primarily focus on speeding up the learning process, they are not specifically tailored to enhance the final reconstruction quality. To address this gap, we introduce a novel INR-based Bayesian framework integrating latent variables to capture the common patterns across multiple objects under joint reconstruction. The common patterns then assist in the reconstruction of each object via latent variables, thereby improving the individual reconstruction. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves higher reconstruction quality with sparse views and remains robust to noise in the measurements as indicated by common numerical metrics. The obtained latent variables can also serve as network initialization for the new object and speed up the learning process.
Twisting factors and fixed-time models in quantum field theory
Creators: name: Vasselli, Ezio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a class of fixed-time models in which the commutations relations of a Dirac field with a bosonic field are non-trivial and depend on the choice of a given distribution ("twisting factor"). If the twisting factor is fundamental solution of a differential operator, then applying the differential operator to the bosonic field yields a generator of the local gauge transformations of the Dirac field. Charged vectors generated by the Dirac field define states of the bosonic field which in general are not local excitations of the given reference state. The Hamiltonian density of the bosonic field presents a non-trivial interaction term: besides creating and annihilating bosons, it acts on momenta of fermionic wave functions. When the twisting factor is the Coulomb potential, the bosonic field contributes to the divergence of an electric field and its Laplacian generates local gauge transformations of the Dirac field. In this way we get a fixed-time model fulfilling the equal time commutation relations of the interacting Coulomb gauge.
description: Corrected some typos, changed some notations. To appear on Lett. Math. Phys
ODC-SA Net: Orthogonal Direction Enhancement and Scale Aware Network for Polyp Segmentation
Creators: name: Xu, Chenhao
name: Zhang, Yudian
name: Xu, Kaiye
name: Zhu, Haijiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate polyp segmentation is crucial for the early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. However, the existing polyp detection methods sometimes ignore multi-directional features and drastic changes in scale. To address these challenges, we design an Orthogonal Direction Enhancement and Scale Aware Network (ODC-SA Net) for polyp segmentation. The Orthogonal Direction Convolutional (ODC) block can extract multi-directional features using transposed rectangular convolution kernels through forming an orthogonal feature vector basis, which solves the issue of random feature direction changes and reduces computational load. Additionally, the Multi-scale Fusion Attention (MSFA) mechanism is proposed to emphasize scale changes in both spatial and channel dimensions, enhancing the segmentation accuracy for polyps of varying sizes. Extraction with Re-attention Module (ERA) is used to re-combinane effective features, and Structures of Shallow Reverse Attention Mechanism (SRA) is used to enhance polyp edge with low level information. A large number of experiments conducted on public datasets have demonstrated that the performance of this model is superior to state-of-the-art methods.
SambaNova SN40L: Scaling the AI Memory Wall with Dataflow and Composition of Experts
Creators: name: Prabhakar, Raghu
name: Sivaramakrishnan, Ram
name: Gandhi, Darshan
name: Du, Yun
name: Wang, Mingran
name: Song, Xiangyu
name: Zhang, Kejie
name: Gao, Tianren
name: Wang, Angela
name: Li, Karen
name: Sheng, Yongning
name: Brot, Joshua
name: Sokolov, Denis
name: Vivek, Apurv
name: Leung, Calvin
name: Sabnis, Arjun
name: Bai, Jiayu
name: Zhao, Tuowen
name: Gottscho, Mark
name: Jackson, David
name: Luttrell, Mark
name: Shah, Manish K.
name: Chen, Edison
name: Liang, Kaizhao
name: Jain, Swayambhoo
name: Thakker, Urmish
name: Huang, Dawei
name: Jairath, Sumti
name: Brown, Kevin J.
name: Olukotun, Kunle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.1.3; C.0

description: Monolithic large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have paved the way for modern generative AI applications. Training, serving, and maintaining monolithic LLMs at scale, however, remains prohibitively expensive and challenging. The disproportionate increase in compute-to-memory ratio of modern AI accelerators have created a memory wall, necessitating new methods to deploy AI. Composition of Experts (CoE) is an alternative modular approach that lowers the cost and complexity of training and serving. However, this approach presents two key challenges when using conventional hardware: (1) without fused operations, smaller models have lower operational intensity, which makes high utilization more challenging to achieve; and (2) hosting a large number of models can be either prohibitively expensive or slow when dynamically switching between them.
 In this paper, we describe how combining CoE, streaming dataflow, and a three-tier memory system scales the AI memory wall. We describe Samba-CoE, a CoE system with 150 experts and a trillion total parameters. We deploy Samba-CoE on the SambaNova SN40L Reconfigurable Dataflow Unit (RDU) - a commercial dataflow accelerator architecture that has been co-designed for enterprise inference and training applications. The chip introduces a new three-tier memory system with on-chip distributed SRAM, on-package HBM, and off-package DDR DRAM. A dedicated inter-RDU network enables scaling up and out over multiple sockets. We demonstrate speedups ranging from 2$\times$ to 13$\times$ on various benchmarks running on eight RDU sockets compared with an unfused baseline. We show that for CoE inference deployments, the 8-socket RDU Node reduces machine footprint by up to 19$\times$, speeds up model switching time by 15$\times$ to 31$\times$, and achieves an overall speedup of 3.7$\times$ over a DGX H100 and 6.6$\times$ over a DGX A100.
description: 2024 57th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO)
Optimal Matrix Sketching over Sliding Windows
Creators: name: Yin, Hanyan
name: Wen, Dongxie
name: Li, Jiajun
name: Wei, Zhewei
name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Huang, Zengfeng
name: Li, Feifei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Matrix sketching, aimed at approximating a matrix $\boldsymbol{A} \in \mathbb{R}^{N\times d}$ consisting of vector streams of length $N$ with a smaller sketching matrix $\boldsymbol{B} \in \mathbb{R}^{\ell\times d}, \ell \ll N$, has garnered increasing attention in fields such as large-scale data analytics and machine learning. A well-known deterministic matrix sketching method is the Frequent Directions algorithm, which achieves the optimal $O\left(\frac{d}{\varepsilon}\right)$ space bound and provides a covariance error guarantee of $\varepsilon = \lVert \boldsymbol{A}^\top \boldsymbol{A} - \boldsymbol{B}^\top \boldsymbol{B} \rVert_2/\lVert \boldsymbol{A} \rVert_F^2$. The matrix sketching problem becomes particularly interesting in the context of sliding windows, where the goal is to approximate the matrix $\boldsymbol{A}_W$, formed by input vectors over the most recent $N$ time units. However, despite recent efforts, whether achieving the optimal $O\left(\frac{d}{\varepsilon}\right)$ space bound on sliding windows is possible has remained an open question.
 In this paper, we introduce the DS-FD algorithm, which achieves the optimal $O\left(\frac{d}{\varepsilon}\right)$ space bound for matrix sketching over row-normalized, sequence-based sliding windows. We also present matching upper and lower space bounds for time-based and unnormalized sliding windows, demonstrating the generality and optimality of \dsfd across various sliding window models. This conclusively answers the open question regarding the optimal space bound for matrix sketching over sliding windows. Furthermore, we conduct extensive experiments with both synthetic and real-world datasets, validating our theoretical claims and thus confirming the correctness and effectiveness of our algorithm, both theoretically and empirically.
Bifurcation analysis of a two-neuron central pattern generator model for both oscillatory and convergent neuronal activities
Creators: name: Muramatsu, Kotaro
name: Kori, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The neural oscillator model proposed by Matsuoka is a piecewise affine system, which exhibits distinctive periodic solutions. Although such typical oscillation patterns have been widely studied, little is understood about the dynamics of convergence to certain fixed points and bifurcations between the periodic orbits and fixed points in this model. We performed fixed point analysis on a two-neuron version of the Matsuoka oscillator model, the result of which explains the mechanism of oscillation and the discontinuity-induced bifurcations such as subcritical/supercritical Hopf-like, homoclinic-like, and grazing bifurcations. Furthermore, it provided theoretical predictions concerning a logarithmic oscillation-period scaling law and noise-induced oscillations, which are both observed around those bifurcations. These results are expected to underpin further investigations into both oscillatory and transient neuronal activities with respect to central pattern generators.
Gravitational wavefunctions in JT supergravity
Creators: name: Belaey, Andreas
name: Mariani, Francesca
name: Mertens, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We determine explicit expressions for the continuous two-sided gravitational wavefunctions in supersymmetric versions of JT gravity, focusing mainly on $\mathcal{N}=2$ JT supergravity. Our approach is based on representation theory of the associated supergroup, for which we determine the relevant mixed parabolic matrix elements that implement asymptotic AdS boundary conditions at the quantum level. We match our expressions with those found by solving the energy-eigenvalue equation of arXiv:2207.00408. We discuss gravitational applications by computing several amplitudes of interest, and address how our framework can be generalized further.
description: 54 pages, v2: matches published version
Federated GA4GH passport authorization in the Beacon Network
Creators: name: Repchevsky, Dmitry
name: Aguiló-Castillo, Sergi
name: Capella-Gutierrez, Salvador
name: Gelpí, Josep Lluís
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: Although the Beacon v2 specification doesn’t determine a concrete authentication scheme, OpenID Connect is the most popular authentication protocol which is supported by many Beacon v2 implementations. Beacon Network v2 or “beacon of beacons” transparently passes HTTP Authorization to the backing beacons. This behavior is suitable when all beacons trust the same authentication provider, but not sufficient when a particular node wants to keep the control over its resources.



To provide Federated Authentication / Authorization, Beacon Network may initiate a token exchange mechanism passing the authorization responsibility to the corresponding authentication server. This server must be defined by the protected beacon via the OAuth 2.0 Protected Resource Metadata standard endpoint or via OpenAPI securitySchemes. When no specific authentication server is set by the beacon or the issuer matches the server, Beacon Network transparently passes the credential header to the former.
Regularized Entanglement Entropy of Electron-Positron Scattering with a Witness Photon
Creators: name: Shivashankara, Shanmuka
name: Gogliettino, Grace
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Regularized quantum information metrics are calculated for the scattering process $e^-e^+ \rightarrow γ,Z\rightarrow μ^-μ^+$ that has a witness photon entangled with the initial electron-positron state. Unitarity implies the correct regularization of divergences that appear in both the final density matrix and von Neumann entanglement entropies. The entropies are found to quantify uncertainty or randomness. The variation of information, entanglement entropy, and correlation between the muon's and witness photon's helicities are found to convey equivalent information. The magnitude of the muon's expected helicity rises (falls) as the helicity entropy falls (rises). Area, or the scattering cross section, is a source of entropy for the muon's helicity entropy and momentum entropy. The muon's differential angular entropy distribution is similar to the differential angular cross section distribution, capturing the forward-backward asymmetry at high center of mass energies.
Power Measurement Based Channel Estimation for IRS-Enhanced Wireless Coverage
Creators: name: Sun, He
name: Zhu, Lipeng
name: Mei, Weidong
name: Zhang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we study an IRS-assisted coverage enhancement problem for a given region, aiming to optimize the passive reflection of the IRS for improving the average communication performance in the region by accounting for both deterministic and random channels in the environment. To this end, we first derive the closed-form expression of the average received signal power in terms of the deterministic base station (BS)-IRS-user cascaded channels over all user locations, and propose an IRS-aided coverage enhancement framework to facilitate the estimation of such deterministic channels for IRS passive reflection design. Specifically, to avoid the exorbitant overhead of estimating the cascaded channels at all possible user locations, a location selection method is first proposed to select only a set of typical user locations for channel estimation by exploiting the channel spatial correlation in the region. To estimate the deterministic cascaded channels at the selected user locations, conventional IRS channel estimation methods require additional pilot signals, which not only results in high system training overhead but also may not be compatible with the existing communication protocols. To overcome this issue, we further propose a single-layer neural network (NN)-enabled IRS channel estimation method in this paper, based on only the average received signal power measurements at each selected location corresponding to different IRS random training reflections, which can be offline implemented in current wireless systems. Numerical results demonstrate that our proposed scheme can significantly improve the coverage performance of the target region and outperform the existing power-measurement-based IRS reflection designs.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2309.08275
Extrapolation of complex optical conductivity of metals
Creators: name: S.
name: P.
name: S.
name: D.
name: J.
name: M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: S. Kern, P. Neilinger, S. Volkov, D. Manca, J. Gregus, and M. Grajcar (SAS), Extrapolation of complex optical conductivity of metals, Poster, Models of Modern Physics, Summer School, Lipt. Teplička, Slovakia 13-19 Sep 2020.
Harmonized European human biomonitoring in small countries: Challenges, opportunities and lessons learned in Cyprus and Luxembourg from the DEMOCOPHES study
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Human-Biomonitoring

description: Background: To advance human biomonitoring (HBM) for policy support in Europe, a harmonized approach was developed (COPHES project, FP7 2009- 2012) and evaluated in 17 countries (DEMOCOPHES project, Life+, 2010-2012). Cyprus (CY) and Luxembourg (LU) tested the hypothesis that the COPHES European Protocol is applicable to small countries.Materials and methods: In 2011-12, the European Protocol was adopted and tested by CY and LU for the harmonized biomonitoring of 60 children and their mothers for cadmium, phthalates and cotinine in urine and for mercury in scalp hair in two sampling areas (urban, rural). Results: Both small countries achieved the preset goals for recruitment, sample collection and analysis, which allowed for the first time the assessment of childrens and mothers exposures to the selected chemicals in comparison with other countries. Capacity building was accomplished and communication actions were particularly effective, with both countries taking advantage of their small size to access participants, policy makers, other stakeholders and the press. Time constrains and requirements for capacity building were limiting factors. Conclusion: The COPHES European Protocol for HBM surveys is attainable in small countries. The following elements are fundamental in the design of a harmonized European HBM program, from the perspective of small countries: (a) consultation with and active involvement of the implementing countries, (b) flexibility for national decisions, while not compromising harmonization, (c) elaboration of standardized methods, procedures and documents (d) quality assurance mechanisms, (e) means of training and support. Quelle: http://www.degruyter.com
Development of a 1-D oxygen isotope photochemical model and its application to atmospheric O₂
Creators: name: Gregory, Bethan Sarah
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: QC861.3G8
subject: Atmosphere
subject: Oxygen

description: Oxygen is the second most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, but this has not always been the case. A suite of geochemical, palaeobiological, and geological proxies have been presented over the last few decades to better constrain the evolution of pO₂ over the history of our planet, but uncertainty remains. Here, we use numerical modelling with the 1-D photochemical model Atmos, firstly by exploring the boundary conditions of the model, and secondly by developing it to predict ∆¹⁷O values – a fairly novel proxy for Proterozoic and Phanerozoic pO₂. Our study of boundary conditions highlights the importance of choosing and describing boundary conditions carefully, as our flux-driven models produce somewhat different results to previous fixed mixing ratio-driven models. Our results provide a potential constraint on pO₂, suggesting that atmospheres with 6×10⁻⁷ < pO₂ < 2×10⁻³ may have been unlikely to exist for long periods of Earth history. We review these conclusions using our newly-developed oxygen isotope model, tuned to predict modern atmospheric ∆¹⁷O. Preliminary results predict the production and preservation of non-zero ∆¹⁷O in the geological record can occur for palaeo-atmospheres with pO₂ > 10⁻⁴, but even the minimum values observed at 1.4 Ga and 635 Ma do not require such low concentrations, especially if pCO₂ is higher than modern. The development of the oxygen isotope model allows the better prediction of ∆¹⁷O under various atmospheric conditions, and will be a useful tool in the interpretation of anomalous oxygen isotope compositions in the geological record.