Tainarys didyma Burckhardt & Queiroz, 2017, sp. n.
Creators: name: Burckhardt, Daniel
name: Queiroz, Dalva L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Aphalaridae
Tainarys
Tainarys didyma

description: Tainarys didyma sp. n.
(Figs 20, 34, 48, 62, 76, 79, 87, 100, 113, 126, 138, 150, 160, 171, 180, 184)
Tainarys schini, Burckhardt & Basset, 2000: 133. Misidentification. Tainarys schini, Burckhardt & Queiroz, 2012: 32. Misidentification.
Material examined. Holotype ♂, Brazil: Santa Catarina, Urubici, road to Morro da Igreja, km 0–5, S28°02.7’ W49°29.2’, 960 m, 2.v.2013, Atlantic forest, road side vegetation, Schinus sp. (D. Burckhardt & D. L. Queiroz), #122(3) (MZSP, dry mounted).
Paratypes. Brazil: Santa Catarina, 11 ♂, 9 ♀, 20 immatures, 14 skins, Urubici, village entrance, S27°59. 1' W49°34.9', 900 m, 18.xii.2011, shrubs and trees along road, Schinus ferox (D. Burckhardt & D. L. Queiroz) #21(2) (NHMB, dry and slide mounted, in 70% ethanol); 4 ♂, 6 ♀, 1 skin, same but along main road, S27°59.1’ W49°34.9’, 910 m, 21.i.2016, hedge of various shrubs and trees, Schinus sp., #182(3) (NHMB, slide mounted, 70% ethanol); 30 ♂, 25 ♀, 2 skins, same but Urubici, Rio Crioulas, S28°07.4’ W49°44.1’, 23.i.2016, park, remnants of Araucaria forest along river, Schinus sp., #185(1) (NHMB, 70% ethanol); 8 ♂, 7 ♀, same data as holotype but (BMNH, MZSP, NHMB, dry and slide mounted, in 70% ethanol); 27 ♂, 21 ♀, 2 immatures, 1 skin, same but Morro da Igreja, farm, S28°06.8’ W49°303’, 1640 m, 21.i.2016, edge of Araucaria forest, Schinus engleri, S. sp., #180(1), (4) (NHMB, 70% ethanol); 15 ♂, 9 ♀, same but Morro da Igreja, Ibama station, S28°05.7’ W49°30.4’, 1610 m, 21.i.2016, edge of Araucaria forest, Schinus sp., #181(2); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, same but Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, sector Santa Barbara, near park house, S28°08.5’ W49°38.1’, 1360 m, 20‒22.i.2016, park, Araucaria forest, Baccharis scrub, Schinus ferox, #177(8); 4 ♀, same but sector Santa Barbara, along river, S28°08.8’ W49°37.1’, 1390 m, 20.i.2016, park, Araucaria forest, Baccharis scrub, Schinus sp., #178(5); 54 ♂, 52 ♀, 20 immatures, 5 skins, same but São Joaquim, road Urubici to São Joaquim, SC 110, km 406, Pericó, S 28°09.0‒1’ W49°44.4‒45.4’, 1160‒1180 m, 23.i.2016, park, Araucaria forest, Baccharis scrub, Schinus longifolia, #184(1), (11);— Rio Grande do Sul: 4 immatures, Passo Fundo, Fazenda Roselândia, S28°21.458’ W52°22.458’, 554 m, 26.vi.2013, degraded vegetation (D. L. Queiroz) #516 (NHMB, 70% ethanol); 8 ♂, 4 ♀, Cambará do Sul, Parque Nacional de Aparados da Serra, Macieira, S29°08.0’ W50°08.0’, 980 m, 24‒27.i.2016, edge of Araucaria forest, Atlantic forest, Baccharis scrub, swamp, Schinus sp. (D. Burckhardt & D. L. Queiroz) #186(4) (NHMB, 70 % ethanol); 10 ♂, 8 ♀, 1 immature, same but Parque Nacional de Aparados da Serra, Itaimbezinho, park headquarters, S29°09.5’ W50°04.8’, 910 m, 25.i.2016, Araucaria forest, Baccharis scrub, Schinus sp., 187(7); 1 ♀, same but Cambará do Sul, S29°03.3’ W50°07.9’, 1020 m, 25.i.2016, forest edge along road, wet meadow.— Uruguay: Rocha: 1 ♂, Chuy, Fuerte de San Miguel, 12.x.1995 (A. Baz) (NHMB, dry mounted).
Material not included in type series. Brazil: Santa Catarina, galls, same as holotype but (NHMB, in 70% ethanol).
Description. Adult. Colouration. Dirty whitish to reddish orange with well contrasting dark brown to almost black pattern as follows. Head with a large round spot on each half of vertex. Eyes greyish to reddish; ocelli orange to reddish. Clypeus dark brown to almost black; tip of rostrum black. Antennal segments 1–7 brown, 8–10 black. Pronotum with a larger submedian and a smaller sublateral dark dot on either half; ventral edge of propleurites with longitudinal, narrowly oval dark patch. Mesopraescutum with two oblique narrowly oval black patches near fore margin which meet in the middle; mesoscutum with four longitudinal black bands, the two outer ones broken in the middle; mesopleuron with each a dorsal and ventral black dot; mesosternum dark brown or black. Metanotum irregularly dark brown. Tarsi brown. Forewing veins and narrow stripes along the veins irregularly lighter or darker brown (Fig. 20). Male abdominal tergites and terminalia dark brown or black; female abdominal tergites laterally and proctiger brown. Dark colour in younger specimens lighter and less expanded.
Structure. Vertex (Figs 48, 62) 1.4 times as wide as long, surface coarsely pitted; genae weakly though distinctly produced; frons large, triangular. Antenna (Fig. 76) with one subapical rhinarium on each of segments 4, 6, 8 and 9, sometimes also one present on segment 5 (Fig. 79); segments 4 and 9 slightly thicker than segment 3; relative length of antennal flagellar segments = 1.0/ 0.4/ 0.3/ 0.3/ 0.4/ 0.5/ 0.3/ 0.2; segment 3 longer than segments 4 and 5 together; segment 10 with longer terminal seta about as long as segment and shorter seta about 0.8 times as long. Clypeus strongly flattened, triangular. Pronotum transverse, long, about 4 times as wide as long. Meso- and metascutellum transverse, weakly raised. Metacoxa with meracanthus forming medium sized tubercle and moderately long, narrowly cylindrical membranous process on the trochanteral cavity. Metatibia with an open crown of 5–8 apical sclerotised spurs. Forewing (Fig. 20) irregularly lanceolate, apex narrowly rounded, weakly asymmetrical; vein C+Sc almost straight, widened; vein Rs curved forwards in a 45–90° angle in apical fifth; vein M1+2 curved towards fore margin of wing; membrane semi-transparent; surface spinules (Fig. 34) wanting; radular spinules forming broad, ill-defined bands along wing margin in cell m1, m2, and cu1. Terminalia as in Figs 100, 113, 126, 138, 150. Male subgenital plate, in profile, subtriangular with evenly curved dorsal margin. Paramere sickleshaped, bent backwards from the middle, dorsal margin of apical portion straight; inner face bearing a row of 8–10 strongly sclerotised black pegs. Distal portion of aedeagus strongly inflated apically. Female proctiger relatively short with short blunt apical process. Subgenital plate with 3–5 transverse rows of densely spaced setae at base which strongly contrast with the other setae, truncate apically.
Measurements (in mm) and ratios (1 ♂, 1 ♀). Head width (HW) 1.02–1.16 (1.07±0.06), antenna length (AL) 0.94–1.18 (1.07±0.09), forewing length (WL) 2.70–3.12 (2.85±0.15), metatibia length (TL) 0.60–0.80 (0.72±0.09), male proctiger length (MP) 0.40–0.44 (0.43±0.02), paramere length 0.32, length of distal segment of aedeagus 0.28, female proctiger length (FP) 0.46–0.54 (0.49±0.04).—AL/HW 0.85–1.13 (1.00±0.10), WL/HW 2.53–2.76 (2.66±0.08), WL/forewing width 2.20–2.43 (2.28±0.10), metafemur length/TL 0.55–0.70 (0.63±0.05), TL/HW 0.55–0.77 (0.67±0.08), MP/HW 0.38–0.43 (0.41±0.02), FP/HW 0.44–0.47 (0.45±0.01), FP/circumanal ring length 2.40–2.70 (2.55±0.15), FP/subgenital plate length 1.04–1.17 (1.09±0.07).
Fifth instar immature (Fig. 160). Colouration. Body yellowish to brownish, membranes light. Dorsal sclerites of head, thorax, wing pads and abdomen ochreous to brown. Antenna ochreous with apex dark brown to black. Apex of rostrum almost black. Apices of tarsi brown.
Structure. Body outline broadly oval. Antennae 7-segmented with one rhinarium on each of segments 3 and 5, and two on segment 7. Head and wing buds glabrous dorsally. Thoracic tergites small. Forewing buds moderately large, without humeral lobes (Fig. 171). Margins of wing buds bearing very slender, hair-like, pointed lanceolate setae. Legs relatively short and thick with fused tibiotarsus, claws absent. Caudal plate broadly rounded apically, bearing marginal slender lanceolate setae slightly thicker than those of wing buds; dorsum covered in tubercular microsculpture with just a few setae (Fig. 180). Anus ventral; circumanal ring consisting of one row of elongate pores; relatively large, its width larger than twice the distance between its posterior margin and that of caudal plate (Fig. 184).
Measurements (in mm) and ratios (1 immature). Body length (BL) 2.02, antenna length (AL) 0.60, forewing pad length (WL) 0.82, caudal plate length (CPL) 0.62, caudal plate width (CPW) 1.00.—BL/body width 1.31, WL/ AL 1.37, CPL/caudal plate width 0.62, CPW/circumanal ring width 7.14.
Etymology. From Greek δίδυµος = twin, twofold, referring to the striking morphological likeness to Tainarys schini.
Distribution. Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina), Uruguay (Rocha).
Host plants. Schinus engleri F.A. Barkley, Schinus ferox Hassl., S. longifolia (Lindl.) Speg. (Anacardiaceae).
Comments. The records of Tainarys schini from Uruguay (Rocha) by Burckhardt & Basset (2000) and from Brazil (Santa Catarina) by Burckhardt & Queiroz (2012) are misidentifications of S. didyma.
The number of antennal rhinaria is usually constant in psyllids. T. didyma is exceptional in that some populations bear a rhinarium on antennal segment 5 which is lacking in others. As we could not find any other constant differences between these populations we attribute this to intraspecific variation.
description: Published as part of Burckhardt, Daniel & Queiroz, Dalva L., 2017, The jumping plant-lice of the Neotropical genus Tainarys (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) associated with Anacardiaceae, pp. 535-567 in Zootaxa 4232 (4) on pages 549-553, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/313114