cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chiral magnetohydrodynamics with zero total chirality
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Kamada, Kohei
name: Mukaida, Kyohei
name: Schmitz, Kai
name: Schober, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of magnetic fields coupled with chiral fermion asymmetry in the framework of chiral magnetohydrodynamics with zero initial total chirality. The initial magnetic field has a turbulent spectrum peaking at a certain characteristic scale and is fully helical with positive helicity. The initial chiral chemical potential is spatially uniform and negative. We consider two opposite cases where the ratio of the length scale of the chiral plasma instability (CPI) to the characteristic scale of the turbulence is smaller and larger than unity. These initial conditions might be realized in cosmological models such as certain types of axion inflation. The magnetic field and chiral chemical potential evolve with inverse cascading in such a way that the magnetic helicity and chirality cancel each other at all times. The CPI time scale is found to determine mainly the time when the magnetic helicity spectrum attains negative values at high wave numbers. The turnover time of the energy-carrying eddies, on the other hand, determines the time when the peak of the spectrum starts to shift to smaller wave numbers via an inverse cascade. The onset of helicity decay is determined by the time when the chiral magnetic effect becomes efficient at the peak of the initial magnetic energy spectrum. When spin flipping is important, the chiral chemical potential vanishes and the magnetic helicity becomes constant, which leads to a faster increase of the correlation length, as expected from magnetic helicity conservation. This also happens when the initial total chirality is imbalanced. Our findings have important implications for baryogenesis after axion inflation.
description: 24 pages, 21 figures, 6 tables, corrected Fig.17, Phys. Rev. D, in press
Fermi polaron in a one-dimensional quasi-periodic optical lattice: the simplest many-body localization challenge
Creators: name: Hu, Hui
name: Wang, An-Bang
name: Yi, Su
name: Liu, Xia-Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the behavior of a moving impurity immersed in a sea of fermionic atoms that are confined in a quasi-periodic (bichromatic) optical lattice, within a standard variational approach. We consider both repulsive and attractive contact interactions for such a simplest many-body localization problem of Fermi polarons. The variational approach enables us to access relatively large systems and therefore may be used to understand many-body localization in the thermodynamic limit. The energy and wave-function of the polaron states are found to be strongly affected by the quasi-random lattice potential and their experimental measurements (i.e., via radio-frequency spectroscopy or quantum gas microscope) therefore provide a sensitive way to underpin the localization transition. We determine a phase diagram by calculating two critical quasi-random disorder strengths, which correspond to the onset of the localization of the ground-state polaron state and the many-body localization of all polaron states, respectively. Our predicted phase diagram could be straightforwardly examined in current cold-atom experiments.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Anomalous Hall effect in L10-MnAl films with controllable orbital two-channel Kondo effect
Creators: name: Zhu, L. J.
name: Nie, S. H.
name: Zhao, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in strongly disordered magnetic systems has been buried in persistent confusion despite its long history. We report the AHE in perpendicularly magnetized L10-MnAl epitaxial films with variable orbital two-channel Kondo (2CK) effect arising from the strong coupling of conduction electrons and the structural disorders of two-level systems. The AHE is observed to excellently scale with pAH/f=a0pxx0+bpxx2 at high temperatures where phonon scattering prevails. In contrast, significant deviation occurs at low temperatures where the orbital 2CK effect becomes important, suggesting a negative AHE contribution. The deviation of the scaling agrees with the orbital 2CK effect in the breakdown temperatures and deviation magnitudes.
Constraints on the superconducting state of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ from elastocaloric measurements
Creators: name: Palle, Grgur
name: Hicks, Clifford
name: Valentí, Roser
name: Hu, Zhenhai
name: Li, You-Sheng
name: Rost, Andreas
name: Nicklas, Michael
name: Mackenzie, Andrew P.
name: Schmalian, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strontium ruthenate Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ is an unconventional superconductor whose pairing symmetry has not been fully clarified, despite more than two decades of intensive research. Recent NMR Knight shift experiments have rekindled the Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ pairing debate by giving strong evidence against all odd-parity pairing states, including chiral $p$-wave pairing that was for a long time the leading pairing candidate. Here, we exclude additional pairing states by analyzing recent elastocaloric measurements [YS. Li et al., Nature 607, 276--280 (2022)]. To be able to explain the elastocaloric experiment, we find that unconventional even-parity pairings must include either large $d_{x^2 - y^2}$-wave or large $\{d_{xz} \mid d_{yz}\}$-wave admixtures, where the latter possibility arises because of the body-centered point group symmetry. These $\{d_{xz} \mid d_{yz}\}$-wave admixtures take the form of distinctively body-centered-periodic harmonics that have horizontal line nodes. Hence $g_{xy(x^2-y^2)}$-wave and $d_{xy}$-wave pairings are excluded as possible dominant even pairing states.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Policy Comes Last: Embedding Fair Data Practice At Delft Uni Of Technology
Creators: name: Dunning, Alastair
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: policy
research data
fair data
delft university of technology

description: Policy Comes Last: Embedding Fair Data Practice At Delft University of Technology. A presentation for the Open Science Festival in Amsterdam, Netherlands, September 2022. The short presentation charts the progress of embedding good research data practices at Delft University of Technology. The following four themes are identified. 1. Hire Good People 2. Right People In Right Place 3. Establish Good Training 4. Finally, Build A Framework Policy
On Evaluating Power Loss with HATSGA Algorithm for Power Network Reconfiguration in the Smart Grid
Creators: name: Calhau, Flavio Galvao
name: Pezzutti, Alysson
name: Martins, Joberto S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the power network reconfiguration algorithm HATSGA with a "R" modeling approach and evaluates its behavior in computing new reconfiguration topologies for the power network in the Smart Grid context. The modeling of the power distribution network with the language "R" is used to represent the network and support the computation of distinct algorithm configurations towards the evaluation of new reconfiguration topologies. The HATSGA algorithm adopts a hybrid Tabu Search and Genetic Algorithm strategy and can be configured in different ways to compute network reconfiguration solutions. The evaluation of power loss with HATSGA uses the IEEE 14-Bus topology as the power test scenario. The evaluation of reconfiguration topologies with minimum power loss with HATSGA indicates that an efficient solution can be reached with a feasible computational time. This suggests that HATSGA can be potentially used for computing reconfiguration network topologies and, beyond that, it can be used for autonomic self-healing management approaches where a feasible computational time is required.
description: 7 pp
Dispersion engineering in spin-orbit coupled spinor $F=1$ condensates driven by negative masses
Creators: name: Rajaswathi, K.
name: Bhuvaneswari, S.
name: Radha, R.
name: Muruganandam, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we bring out several potential signatures of negative mass regimes while investigating an expanding spin-orbit (SO) coupled spinor $F=1$ Bose-Einstein condensates by analyzing the dispersion relation of the single-particle quantum system. In SO-coupled spinor condensates, a negative mass parameter generates a wave packet that propagates in the opposite direction of the momentum. We analyze the dynamics of spin waves analytically and present a simple approach to investigate the expansion of spinor condensates. In particular, we examine the dynamics when both masses are negative, which results in the spinor condensates splitting into two counter-propagating self-interfering packets (SIPs). Using numerical simulations of the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations, we demonstrate the density expansion and self-interference patterns with and without magnetization for repulsive and attractive interactions with different coupling parameters. The highlight of our investigation is that we are able to unearth several phenomena observed in experiments, such as self-interfering packets, pileup, modulation instability, slow down, self-trapping, and gap solitons. In particular, the gap soliton exists at the gap created by the intersection of two negative masses.
description: 11 pages, 14 figures
Symmetry-induced decoherence-free subspaces
Creators: name: Dubois, Jonathan
name: Saalmann, Ulf
name: Rost, Jan Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Preservation of coherence is a fundamental yet subtle phenomenon in open systems. We uncover its relation to symmetries respected by the system Hamiltonian and its coupling to the environment. We discriminate between local and global classes of decoherence-free subspaces for many-body systems through the introduction of "ghost variables". The latter are orthogonal to the symmetry and the coupling to the environment does not depend on them. Constructing them is facilitated in classical phase space and can be transferred to quantum mechanics through the equivalent role that Poisson and Lie algebras play for symmetries in classical and quantum mechanics, respectively. Examples are given for an interacting spin system.
Thermodynamically consistent master equation based on subsystem eigenstates
Creators: name: Wang, Si-Ying
name: Yang, Qinghong
name: Zhang, Fu-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Master equations under appropriate assumptions are efficient tools for the study of open quantum systems. For many-body systems, subsystems of which locally couple to thermal baths and weakly interact with each other, the local approach provides a more convenient description than the global approach. However, these local master equations are believed to generate inconsistencies with the laws of thermodynamics when intersubsystem interactions exist. Here we develop an alternative local master equation by virtue of similar approximations used in deriving the traditional Gorini-Kossakowski-Lindblad-Sudarshan master equation. In particular, we stick to using eigenstates of each subsystem to construct quantum jump operators, and the secular approximation is also employed to modify the intersubsystem interactions. Our results show that violations of thermodynamic laws will be avoided after correcting intersubsystem interactions. Finally, We study a two-qubit heat transfer model and this further shows the validity of our modified master equation.
description: 10 pages
Hubble-Lemaître fragmentation and the path to equilibrium of merger-driven cluster formation
Creators: name: Dorval, Julien
name: Boily, Christian M.
name: Moraux, Estelle
name: Maschberger, Thomas
name: Becker, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper discusses a new method to generate self-coherent initial conditions for young substructured stellar cluster. The expansion of a uniform system allows stellar sub-structures (clumps) to grow from fragmentation modes by adiabatic cooling. We treat the system mass elements as stars, chosen according to a Salpeter mass function, and the time-evolution is performed with a collisional N-body integrator. This procedure allows to create a fully-coherent relation between the clumps' spatial distribution and the underlying velocity field. The cooling is driven by the gravitational field, as in a cosmological Hubble-Lemaître flow. The fragmented configuration has a `fractal'-like geometry but with a self-grown velocity field and mass profile. We compare the characteristics of the stellar population in clumps with that obtained from hydrodynamical simulations and find a remarkable correspondence between the two in terms of the stellar content and the degree of spatial mass-segregation. In the fragmented configuration, the IMF power index is ~0.3 lower in clumps in comparison to the field stellar population, in agreement with observations in the Milky Way. We follow in time the dynamical evolution of fully fragmented and sub-virial configurations, and find a soft collapse, leading rapidly to equilibrium (timescale of 1 Myr for a ~ 10^4 Msun system). The low-concentration equilibrium implies that the dynamical evolution including massive stars is less likely to induce direct collisions and the formation of exotic objects. Low-mass stars already ejected from merging clumps are depleted in the end-result stellar clusters, which harbour a top-heavy stellar mass function.
description: 22 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Heterogeneous integration of solid state quantum systems with a foundry photonics platform
Creators: name: Weng, Hao-Cheng
name: Monroy-Ruz, Jorge
name: Matthews, Jonathan C. F.
name: Rarity, John G.
name: Balram, Krishna C.
name: Smith, Joe A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diamond colour centres are promising optically-addressable solid state spins that can be matter-qubits, mediate deterministic interaction between photons and act as single photon emitters. Useful quantum computers will comprise millions of logical qubits. To become useful in constructing quantum computers, spin-photon interfaces must therefore become scalable and be compatible with mass-manufacturable photonics and electronics. Here we demonstrate heterogeneous integration of NV centres in nanodiamond with low-fluorescence silicon nitride photonics from a standard 180 nm CMOS foundry process. Nanodiamonds are positioned over pre-defined sites in a regular array on a waveguide, in a single post-processing step. Using an array of optical fibres, we excite NV centres selectively from an array of six integrated nanodiamond sites, and collect the photoluminescence (PL) in each case into waveguide circuitry on-chip. We verify single photon emission by an on-chip Hanbury Brown and Twiss cross-correlation measurement, which is a key characterisation experiment otherwise typically performed routinely with discrete optics. Our work opens up a simple and effective route to simultaneously address large arrays of individual optically-active spins at scale, without requiring discrete bulk optical setups. This is enabled by the heterogeneous integration of NV centre nanodiamonds with CMOS photonics.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, and supplementary material
Additional file 1 of ForestSubtype: a cancer subtype identifying approach based on high-dimensional genomic data and a parallel random forest
Creators: name: Luo, Junwei
name: Feng, Yading
name: Wu, Xuyang
name: Li, Ruimin
name: Shi, Jiawei
name: Chang, Wenjing
name: Wang, Junfeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 80699
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 19999
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary materials of ForestSubtype.
Astrophysical implications on hyperon couplings and hyperon star properties with relativistic equations of states
Creators: name: Sun, Xiangdong
name: Miao, Zhiqiang
name: Sun, Baoyuan
name: Li, Ang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyperons are essential constituents in the neutron star interior. The poorly-known hyperonic interaction is a source of uncertainty for studying laboratory hypernuclei and neutron star observations. In this work, we perform Bayesian inference of phenomenological hyperon-nucleon interactions using the tidal-deformability measurement of the GW170817 binary neutron star merger as detected by LIGO/Virgo and the mass-radius measurements of PSR J0030+0541 and PSR J0740+6620 as detected by NICER. The analysis is based on a set of stiff relativistic neutron-star-matter equation of states with hyperons from the relativistic mean-field theory, naturally fulfilling the causality requirement and empirical nuclear matter properties. We specifically utilize the strong correlation recently deduced between the scalar and vector meson hyperon couplings, imposed by the measured $Λ$ separation energy in single-$Λ$ hypernuclei, and perform four different tests with or without the strong correlation. We find that the laboratory hypernuclear constraint ensures a large enough $Λ$-scalar-meson coupling to match the large vector coupling in hyperon star matter. When adopting the current most probable intervals of hyperon couplings from the joint analysis of laboratory and astrophysical data, we find the maximum mass of hyperon stars is at most $2.176^{+0.085}_{-0.202}M_{\odot}$ ($68\%$ credible interval) from the chosen set of stiff equation of states. The reduction of the stellar radius due to hyperons is quantified based on our analysis and various hyperon star properties are provided.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, version accepted for publication in ApJ
DeCS/MeSH: actualización y novedades en la edición 2022
Creators: name: BIREME/OPS/OMS
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: DeCS/MeSH; Metodología LILACS

description: Indización de Documentos según la Metodología LILACS DeCS/MeSH:actualización y novedades en la edición 2022
 Ana Cristina Campos
 Luciana Beatriz Piovezan Rio Branco
 TCS/AFI/BIREME
description: {"references": ["https://lilacs.bvsalud.org/es/sesiones-virtuales-lilacs/indizacion-de-documentos-segun-la-metodologia-lilacs-2022/"]}
Global Extreme Heat Forecasting Using Neural Weather Models
Creators: name: Lopez-Gomez, Ignacio
name: McGovern, Amy
name: Agrawal, Shreya
name: Hickey, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Heat waves are projected to increase in frequency and severity with global warming. Improved warning systems would help reduce the associated loss of lives, wildfires, power disruptions, and reduction in crop yields. In this work, we explore the potential for deep learning systems trained on historical data to forecast extreme heat on short, medium and subseasonal timescales. To this purpose, we train a set of neural weather models (NWMs) with convolutional architectures to forecast surface temperature anomalies globally, 1 to 28 days ahead, at $\sim200~\mathrm{km}$ resolution and on the cubed sphere. The NWMs are trained using the ERA5 reanalysis product and a set of candidate loss functions, including the mean squared error and exponential losses targeting extremes. We find that training models to minimize custom losses tailored to emphasize extremes leads to significant skill improvements in the heat wave prediction task, compared to NWMs trained on the mean squared error loss. This improvement is accomplished with almost no skill reduction in the general temperature prediction task, and it can be efficiently realized through transfer learning, by re-training NWMs with the custom losses for a few epochs. In addition, we find that the use of a symmetric exponential loss reduces the smoothing of NWM forecasts with lead time. Our best NWM is able to outperform persistence in a regressive sense for all lead times and temperature anomaly thresholds considered, and shows positive regressive skill compared to the ECMWF subseasonal-to-seasonal control forecast after two weeks.
Gespräch über Dichtung und Malerei, Wahnsinn und Genie (Baudelaire)
Creators: name: Moog-Grünewald, Maria
name: Knape, Joachim
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Literaturwissenschaft
subject: 800

description: Zweitveröffentlichung
Studying the Impact of Semi-Cooperative Drivers on Overall Highway Flow
Creators: name: Buckman, Noam
name: Karaman, Sertac
name: Rus, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semi-cooperative behaviors are intrinsic properties of human drivers and should be considered for autonomous driving. In addition, new autonomous planners can consider the social value orientation (SVO) of human drivers to generate socially-compliant trajectories. Yet the overall impact on traffic flow for this new class of planners remain to be understood. In this work, we present study of implicit semi-cooperative driving where agents deploy a game-theoretic version of iterative best response assuming knowledge of the SVOs of other agents. We simulate nominal traffic flow and investigate whether the proportion of prosocial agents on the road impact individual or system-wide driving performance. Experiments show that the proportion of prosocial agents has a minor impact on overall traffic flow and that benefits of semi-cooperation disproportionally affect egoistic and high-speed drivers.
description: 8 pages. Accepted at IEEE Intelligent Vehicle (IV) Symposium 2023
Moduli Vacuum Misalignment and Precise Predictions in String Inflation
Creators: name: Cicoli, Michele
name: Dutta, Koushik
name: Maharana, Anshuman
name: Quevedo, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The predictions for all the cosmological observables of any inflationary model depend on the number of e-foldings which is sensitive to the post-inflationary history of the universe. In string models the generic presence of light moduli leads to a late-time period of matter domination which lowers the required number of e-foldings and, in turn, modifies the exact predictions of any inflationary model. In this paper we compute exactly the shift of the number of e-foldings in Kaehler moduli inflation which is determined by the magnitude of the moduli initial displacement caused by vacuum misalignment and the moduli decay rates. We find that the preferred number of e-foldings gets reduced from 50 to 45, causing a modification of the spectral index at the percent level. Our results illustrate the importance of understanding the full post-inflationary evolution of the universe in order to derive precise predictions in string inflation. To perform this task it is crucial to work in a setting where there is good control over moduli stabilisation.
description: 21 pages + references, 2 figures
Microswimmer trapping in surface waves with shear
Creators: name: Ventrella, Francesco Michele
name: Pujara, Nimish
name: Boffetta, Guido
name: Cencini, Massimo
name: Thiffeault, Jean-Luc
name: De Lillo, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many species of phytoplankton migrate vertically near the surface of the ocean, either in search of light or nutrients. These motile organisms are affected by ocean waves at the surface. We derive a set of wave-averaged equations to describe the motion of spheroidal microswimmers. We include several possible effects, such as gyrotaxis, settling, and wind-driven shear. In addition to the well-known Stokes drift, the microswimmer orbits depend on their orientation in a way that can lead to trapping at a particular depth; this in turn can affect transport of organisms, and may help explain observed phytoplankton layers in the ocean.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Proceedings of the Royal Society A
Localization of quantum walk with classical randomness: Comparison between manual methods and supervised machine learning
Creators: name: Mastandrea, Christopher
name: Chien, Chih-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A transition of quantum walk induced by classical randomness changes the probability distribution of the walker from a two-peak structure to a single-peak one when the random parameter exceeds a critical value. We first establish the generality of the localization by showing its emergence in the presence of random rotation or translation. The transition point can be located manually by examining the probability distribution, momentum of inertia, and inverse participation ratio. As a comparison, we implement three supervised machine learning methods, the support vector machine (SVM), multi-layer perceptron neural network, and convolutional neural network with the same data and show they are able to identify the transition. While the SVM sometimes underestimate the exponents compared to the manual methods, the two neural-network methods show more deviation for the case with random translation due to the fluctuating probability distributions. Our work illustrates potentials and challenges facing machine learning of physical systems with mixed quantum and classical probabilities.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Torsion and Bistability of Double-Twist Elastomers
Creators: name: Leighton, Matthew P.
name: Kreplak, Laurent
name: Rutenberg, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the elastic properties of anisotropic elastomers with a double-twist director field, which is a model for collagen fibrils or blue phases. We observe a significant Poynting-like effect, coupling torsion (fibril twist) and extension. For freely-rotating boundary conditions, we identify a structural bistability at very small extensional strains which undergoes a saddle-node bifurcation at a critical strain -- at approximately 1% strain for a parameterization appropriate for collagen fibrils. With clamped boundary conditions appropriate for many experimental setups, the bifurcation is not present. We expect significant helical shape effects when fixed torsion does not equal the equilibrium torsion of freely-rotating boundary conditions, due to residual torques.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Emergent cooperative behavior in transient compartments
Creators: name: Arenzon, Jeferson J.
name: Peliti, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a minimal model of multilevel selection on structured populations, considering the interplay between game theory and population dynamics. Through a bottleneck process, finite groups are formed with cooperators and defectors sampled from an infinite pool. After the fragmentation, these transient compartments grow until the carrying capacity is attained. Eventually, all compartments are merged, well mixed and the whole process is repeated. We show that cooperators, even if interacting only through mean-field intra-group interactions that favor defectors, may perform well because of the inter-group competition and the size diversity among the compartments. These cycles of isolation and coalescence may therefore be important in maintaining diversity among different species or strategies and may help to understand the underlying mechanisms of the scaffolding processes in the transition to multicellularity.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
title: Pilot testing of the indirectly heated carbonate looping process for lime plants
Creators: name: Hofmann, Carina
name: Greco-Coppi, Martin
name: Walter, Diethelm
name: Ströhle, Jochen
name: Epple, Bernd
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2024

description: A major challenge in limiting the greenhouse gas emissions is the decarbonisation of energy intensive industries, where CO2 emissions are inevitable due to the production process, such as the production of lime. Depending on the type of kiln, one ton of burnt lime accounts for more than one ton of CO2. A variety of technologies to capture these emissions is available or currently being developed. The carbonate looping process (CaL) is one of the most promising capture technology in this sector, since it i) can be retrofitted to existing plants, ii) has a considerably low energy penalty, and iii) uses the same materials as the production process. It is a post-combustion CO2 capture technology using natural limestone as sorbent. In the carbonator, the CO2 in the flue gas stream is absorbed by calcium oxide (CaO), according the reversible carbonation reaction at a temperature of approximately 650°C. The formed calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is transferred to the calciner to be regenerated at a temperature of approximately 900°C. The required heat can be supplied either straight-forward via oxy-combustion in the calciner or indirectly, e.g. with heat pipes from an external combustor. The latter has advantage that no technically pure oxygen, which requires an energy intensive air separation unit (ASU), is necessary. This further improves the efficiency and economics of the process. The general feasibility of the indirectly heated carbonate looping process (IHCaL) has previously been demonstrated at pilot scale.

Recently, the existing 300 kWth IHCaL pilot plant at Technical University Darmstadt has been modified and operated for over 400 hours, with the objective to investigate the feasibility of this technology to be integrated into lime plants. During the test period, three different fuels, i.e i) propane, ii) lignite, and iii) waste derived fuels, were fired in the combustor, and the CO2 contained in the associated flue gases was captured in the carbonator. A natural limestone from Germany with two different particle sizes was used as sorbent. Aiming at specific conditions comparable to an integration into a lime plant, CO2 was added to the flue gas stream and a high make-up rate replacing deactivated material was applied. A special focus was given on the generation of highly calcined material, which was purged from the system. The collected purge was analyzed in order to assess its chemical composition and usability as educt for lime production.

During the 9th High Temperature Solid Looping Cycles Network Meeting comprehensive findings obtained during the pilot testing will be presented, such as i) the effect of variation in CO2 inlet concentration of the carbonator and make-up ratio on the process performance ii) performance of the heat pipe heat exchanger while firing different fuels, and iii) physico-chemical properties of the purged material.
CMA-ES with Margin: Lower-Bounding Marginal Probability for Mixed-Integer Black-Box Optimization
Creators: name: Hamano, Ryoki
name: Saito, Shota
name: Nomura, Masahiro
name: Shirakawa, Shinichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This study targets the mixed-integer black-box optimization (MI-BBO) problem where continuous and integer variables should be optimized simultaneously. The CMA-ES, our focus in this study, is a population-based stochastic search method that samples solution candidates from a multivariate Gaussian distribution (MGD), which shows excellent performance in continuous BBO. The parameters of MGD, mean and (co)variance, are updated based on the evaluation value of candidate solutions in the CMA-ES. If the CMA-ES is applied to the MI-BBO with straightforward discretization, however, the variance corresponding to the integer variables becomes much smaller than the granularity of the discretization before reaching the optimal solution, which leads to the stagnation of the optimization. In particular, when binary variables are included in the problem, this stagnation more likely occurs because the granularity of the discretization becomes wider, and the existing modification to the CMA-ES does not address this stagnation. To overcome these limitations, we propose a simple modification of the CMA-ES based on lower-bounding the marginal probabilities associated with the generation of integer variables in the MGD. The numerical experiments on the MI-BBO benchmark problems demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method.
description: Nominated for the best paper of GECCO'22 ENUM Track. We have corrected the error of Algorithm 1 in the Appendix. In addition, an extended version is published at arXiv:2212.09260 that describes support for the multi-objective MI-BBO
Diapria luteipes Notton 1993
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Chalcididae
Diapria
Diapria luteipes

description: Diapria luteipes Notton, 1993: 145, figs 33-42.
Valid name
Diapria luteipes Notton, 1993.
Summary of types
Holotype ♀, BMNH number 9.886, by original designation.
Primary type data
NCC survey/ pitfall / trap; UK: W. Norfolk: Middle / Haring: TL989856/ 1- 15.9.1988 / A.Foster; Holotype ♀ / Diapria / luteipes/ D.G.Notton.
Type locality
England, Norfolk, Middle Harling.
Remarks
The holotype is mounted on a card and is entire.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 105, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Additional file 1 of Production of virus-like particles of porcine circovirus 2 in baculovirus expression system and its application for antibody detection
Creators: name: Li, Yanwei
name: Yu, Pingping
name: Bao, Yaxuan
name: Ren, Yuwen
name: Zhao, Shaowei
name: Zhang, Xuexian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
classificationCode: 110309
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
classificationCode: 60506
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Quantum Wigner molecules in moiré materials
Creators: name: Yannouleas, Constantine
name: Landman, Uzi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The few-body problem (with $N \leq 6$ fermionic charge carriers) in isolated moiré quantum dots (MQDs) in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) bilayer materials with integer fillings, $ν\geq 2$, is investigated by employing large-scale full configuration interaction (FCI, also termed exact-diagonalization) computations, and by performing a comparative analysis of the ensuing first-order (charge densities, CDs) and second-order (conditional probability distributions, CPDs) correlation functions. With parameters representative of bilayer experimental TMD setups, our investigations reveal the determining role of the strong inter-particle Coulombic repulsion in bringing about Wigner molecularization, which is associated with many-body physics beyond both that described by the Aufbau principle of natural atoms, as well as by the widely used Hubbard model for strongly-interacting condensed-matter systems. In particular, for weak and moderate trilobal crystal-field deformations of the MQDs, the imperative employment of the CPDs brings to light the geometrical polygonal-ring configurations underlying the Wigner molecules (WMs) that remain hidden at the level of a charge-density analysis, apart from the case of $N=3$ when a pinned WM emerges in the charge density due to the coincidence of the $C_3$ symmetries associated with both the intrinsic geometry of the $N=3$ WM and the TMD trilobal crystal-field of the confining pocket potential. The FCI numerically exact-diagonalization results provide critical benchmarks for assessing and guiding the development of future computational methodologies of interacting strongly-correlated fermions in isolated MQDs and their superlattices in TMD materials.
description: Published version (Editors' Suggestion). 11 pages. 7 color figures. For related papers, see https://sites.gatech.edu/cyannouleas/
Exploring Advances in Transformers and CNN for Skin Lesion Diagnosis on Small Datasets
Creators: name: de Lima, Leandro M.
name: Krohling, Renato A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world. Different computer-aided diagnosis systems have been proposed to tackle skin lesion diagnosis, most of them based in deep convolutional neural networks. However, recent advances in computer vision achieved state-of-art results in many tasks, notably Transformer-based networks. We explore and evaluate advances in computer vision architectures, training methods and multimodal feature fusion for skin lesion diagnosis task. Experiments show that PiT ($0.800 \pm 0.006$), CoaT ($0.780 \pm 0.024$) and ViT ($0.771 \pm 0.018$) backbone models with MetaBlock fusion achieved state-of-art results for balanced accuracy metric in PAD-UFES-20 dataset.
description: 7 pages
Catapulting towards massive and large spatial quantum superposition
Creators: name: Zhou, Run
name: Marshman, Ryan J.
name: Bose, Sougato
name: Mazumdar, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large spatial quantum superposition of size ${\cal O}(1-10)~{\rm μ\text{m}}$ for mass $m \sim 10^{-17}-10^{-14}~\text{kg}$ is required to probe the foundations of quantum mechanics and testing classical and quantum nature of gravity via entanglement in a laboratory. In this paper, we will show that it is possible to accelerate the two spin states of a macroscopic nano-crystal sourced by the inhomogeneous nonlinear magnetic field in the Stern-Gerlach type setup. We will assume that the electronic spin can be embedded at the centre of the nano-crystal, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre of diamond. Our analysis will be generic to any dopant or any material. We will show that we can create a desired superposition size within $1-2$ seconds by catapulting the trajectories of the two spin states with a modest magnetic field gradient and then recombine the trajectories for a coherent interference. We will show the demanding nature of the precision required in the magnetic field to recover $99\%$ spin coherence confidence level at the moment of interference.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures
Widespread deuteration across the IRDC G035.39-00.33
Creators: name: Barnes, A. T.
name: Kong, S.
name: Tan, J. C.
name: Henshaw, J. D.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Jimenez-Serra, I.
name: Fontani, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) are cold, dense regions that are usually found within Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs). Ongoing star formation within IRDCs is typically still deeply embedded within the surrounding molecular gas. Characterising the properties of relatively quiescent IRDCs may therefore help us to understand the earliest phases of the star formation process. Studies of local molecular clouds have revealed that deuterated species are enhanced in the earliest phases of star formation. In this paper we test this towards IRDC G035.39-00.33. We present an 80 arcsec by 140 arcsec map of the J=2-1 transition of N2D+, obtained with the IRAM-30m telescope. We find that N2D+ is widespread throughout G035.39-00.33. Complementary observations of N2H+(1-0) are used to estimate the deuterium fraction, N(N2D+)/N(N2H+). We report a mean deuterium fraction of 0.04+-0.01, with a maximum of 0.09+-0.02. The mean deuterium fraction is ~3 orders of magnitude greater than the interstellar [D]/[H] ratio. High angular resolution observations are required to exclude beam dilution effects of compact deuterated cores. Using chemical modelling, we find that the average observed values of the deuterium fraction are in agreement with an equilibrium deuterium fraction, given the general properties of the cloud. This implies that the IRDC is at least ~3Myr old, which is ~8 times longer than the mean free-fall time of the observed deuterated region.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 10 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Entanglement transition through Hilbert-space localization
Creators: name: Liu, Quancheng
name: Ziegler, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Hilbert-space localization of the many-body dynamics due to ergodicity breaking and analyze this effect in terms of the entanglement entropy and the entanglement spectrum. We find a transition from a regime driven by quantum tunneling to a regime that is dominated by boson-boson interaction, where the latter exhibits ergodicity breaking. Properties of this transition are captured by observation time averaging, which effectively suppresses the large dynamical entanglement fluctuations near the critical point. We employ this approach to the experimentally available Bosonic Josephson Junction. In this example the transition from a tunneling regime to Hilbert-space localization reveals clear signatures in the entanglement entropy and entanglement spectrum. Interestingly, the transition point is reduced by quantum effects in comparison to the well-known result of the mean-field approximation in the form of self-trapping. This indicates that quantum fluctuations reduce the classical self-trapping. Different scaling with the respect to the number of bosons $N$ are found in the tunneling and the localization regime: While the entanglement entropy grows {\it logarithmically} with $N$ in the tunneling regime, it increases {\it linearly} in the localized regime. Our results indicate that entanglement provides a concept for a sensitive diagnosis for the transition from a quantum tunneling regime to Hilbert-space localization.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
title: Keine Langeweile mehr für Walrosse
title: Der Zeitauffüllungsansatz für die Beschäftigung von Zootieren am Beispiel von Walrossen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Schwitters, Oskar
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Walross
Zeitauffüllungsansatz
Zoo
Beschäftigung
Tierhaltung
artgerecht
Wohlbefinden
Verhaltensbereicherung
Behavioral Enrichment
Odobenus rosmarus

description: Junge Wissenschaft. Paper 01/2023
description: Wenn Zootiere nicht ausreichend Beschäftigung haben, leidet ihr Wohlbefinden. Daher wurde ein Ansatz entwickelt und an Walrossen getestet, um diese durchgängig ausreichend zu beschäftigen. Systematische Beobachtungen belegen, dass sich die unbeschäftigte Zeit verringert.
description: In der Jungen Wissenschaft werden Forschungsarbeiten von Schüler/innen, die selbstständig, z.B. in einer Schule oder einem Schülerforschungszentrum, durchgeführt wurden, veröffentlicht.
Optimal tracking strategies in a turbulent flow
Creators: name: Calascibetta, Chiara
name: Biferale, Luca
name: Borra, Francesco
name: Celani, Antonio
name: Cencini, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Pursuing a drifting target in a turbulent flow is an extremely difficult task whenever the searcher has limited propulsion and maneuvering capabilities. Even in the case when the relative distance between pursuer and target stays below the turbulent dissipative scale, the chaotic nature of the trajectory of the target represents a formidable challenge. Here, we show how to successfully apply optimal control theory to find navigation strategies that overcome chaotic dispersion and allow the searcher to reach the target in a minimal time. We contrast the results of optimal control -- which requires perfect observability and full knowledge of the dynamics of the environment -- with heuristic algorithms that are reactive -- relying on local, instantaneous information about the flow. While the latter display significantly worse performances, optimally controlled pursuers can track the target for times much longer than the typical inverse Lyapunov exponent and are considerably more robust.
Additional file 2 of Production of virus-like particles of porcine circovirus 2 in baculovirus expression system and its application for antibody detection
Creators: name: Li, Yanwei
name: Yu, Pingping
name: Bao, Yaxuan
name: Ren, Yuwen
name: Zhao, Shaowei
name: Zhang, Xuexian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
classificationCode: 110309
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
classificationCode: 60506
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 2