cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Financialization of work, value, and social organization among transnational soy farmers in the Brazilian Cerrado
Creators: name: Ofstehage, Andrew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: This article describes the financialization of work, value, and social organization in a transnational community of soy farmers in the Brazilian Cerrado. This community originally migrated from the US Midwest to the Brazilian Cerrado in search of large tracts of cheap and productive land. While these farmers migrated to Brazil in pursuit of the reproduction of farming livelihoods and values, they adopted new forms of work, new values of farming, and new social organization on the farm. Based on fourteen months of ethnographic research on two transnational soy-farming communities in Brazil, this article analyzes the operations of capital and the emergence of financialized farming. US family farmers purchased massive tracts of Brazilian farmland for soy production, often financed by neighboring farmer-investors, and transitioned from mid-scale farmers to large-scale farm managers. This transition entailed a shift in forms of work from the field to the office and a corporatization of the farm decision-making process, shifting from family centered to investor centered. Consequently, farmers placed less value on traditional measures of a good farmer, such as yield, and greater value on financialized measures of a good farmer, including return on investment, land acquisition, and accounting practices. This research supports the framework of financialization as a situated process that emerges out of practice and reworks economic and social organization.
Band-folding-driven high tunnel magnetoresistance ratios in (111)-oriented junctions with SrTiO$_3$ barriers
Creators: name: Masuda, Keisuke
name: Itoh, Hiroyoshi
name: Sonobe, Yoshiaki
name: Sukegawa, Hiroaki
name: Mitani, Seiji
name: Miura, Yoshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect in (111)-oriented magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with SrTiO$_{3}$ barriers, Co/SrTiO$_{3}$/Co(111) and Ni/SrTiO$_{3}$/Ni(111). Our analysis combining the first-principles calculation and the Landauer formula shows that the Co-based MTJ has a high TMR ratio over 500%, while the Ni-based MTJ has a smaller value (290%). Since the in-plane lattice periodicity of SrTiO$_{3}$ is about twice that of the primitive cell of fcc Co (Ni), the original bands of Co (Ni) are folded in the $k_x$-$k_y$ plane corresponding to the $ab$ plane of the MTJ supercell. We find that this band folding gives a half-metallic band structure in the $Λ_1$ state of Co (Ni) and the coherent tunneling of such a half-metallic $Λ_1$ state yields a high TMR ratio. We also reveal that the difference in the TMR ratio between the Co- and Ni-based MTJs can be understood by different $s$-orbital weights in the $Λ_1$ band at the Fermi level.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Setaria italica strain:cultivar Genome sequencing
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2011
Subjects: genome sequencing
Monoisolate

description: Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is one of the oldest domesticated species and provides food and fodder, especially in semi-arid regions. Most recently it has become a model system for biofuel crops.
Space-Filling Curves & Generalizing the Peano Curve
Creators: name: Cavender, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: The theory of space-filling curves will be developed. The two original space-filling curves, those of Peano and Hillbert, will be dissected and analyzed, with an emphasis on geometric constructions and demonstration of analytic properties. The Peano curve will be extended to every odd base, with an analogous geometric construction to the original. New proofs will be shown in order to conclude that these ``extended" Peano Curves are indeed space-filling curves, mapping surjectively and continuously from the unit interval to the unit square. Two fairly recent applications of space-filling curves in computer science will also be touched on.
Plutella xylostella strain:DBM-FZ-S Genome sequencing and assembly
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2013
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Monoisolate

description: Here we present the first high-quality genome of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, a worldwide destructive pest of cruciferous plants, aimed at facilitating studies on evolution and genetics of herbivore-plant interactions, insecticide resistance, and functional genomics of developmental biology of DBM. Such studies are extremely important for managing insecticide resistance, understanding genetic mechanisms underlying insect-plant co-evolution, and developing novel tactics for pest control.
Comatricha macrospora B. Zhang & Yu Li 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zhang, Bo
name: Wang, Saiyu
name: Xu, Xiaoqi
name: Li, Tianhao
name: Dai, Dan
name: Li, Yu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Protozoa
Mycetozoa
Myxomycetes
Stemonitidales
Stemonitidaceae
Comatricha
Comatricha macrospora

description: Comatricha macrospora B. Zhang & Yu Li, sp. nov. Figure 2.
MycoBank number: MB 824130.
Cylindrical dark brown sporocarps are present in tufts, with a total height of 5–7 mm. The stalks are short or absent and often appear to be polished black. The sporothecae are oval, rounded at the apex and dark brown. A persistent peridium at the base of the sporotheca has a single layer that is partly evanescent; the peridium is dark black, with a dehiscence that is apical and irregular. The columella usually arrives at the apex of the sporotheca, fused with the capillitium. The internal net of the capillitium consists of thick threads with several, usually large, expansions at the junctions; mostly exceeding 50 μm, typically in the form of thin threads without free ends. A mass of dark brown spores, 11–14 μm in diameter, are densely, evenly and minutely warted.
 Diagnosis:— Smaller sporocarps, persistent peridium at the base of the sporocarps and larger spores than other species in this genus.
 Typification:— CHINA. Jinlin Province, Baishan City, Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve, on a rotting log in a mixed forest, 18 October 2017, Zhang 25382 (Holotype, HMJAU-M1066!). GenBank: SUB3594089.
 Etymology:— macrospora (Lat.): referring to the larger spores.
 Other specimen examined. — CHINA. Jilin Province, Chibei County, on a rotting log in a mixed forest, 22 August 2015, Zhang 13462 (Paratype, HMJAU-M2066!)
 Discussion: About 42 species of Comatricha have been reported worldwide (Kirk et al. 2008, Lado 2001, 2005– 18), of which nine species have reticulate spores and 33 species have spiny or verruculose spores. Of the accepted species, only C. pseudoalpina G. Moreno, H. Singer, A. Sánchez & Illana and C. filamentosa Meyl. are similar to C. macrospora in having a persistent peridium and sporothecae that are subcylindric and somewhat expanded in their upper portions. However, C. pseudoalpina has smaller spores (10–12 μm in diameter), larger sporothecae (1.5–2.5 mm) and warted capillitium threads. Comatricha filamentosa has an expanding capillitium that becomes entangled with the adjacent capillitia and minutely spinulose spores (10–13 μm in diameter).
description: Published as part of Zhang, Bo, Wang, Saiyu, Xu, Xiaoqi, Li, Tianhao, Dai, Dan & Li, Yu, 2018, Identification of the new species Comatricha macrospora and two other recently recorded species of Comatricha from China, pp. 71-79 in Phytotaxa 374 (1) on pages 74-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.374.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/13726988
Droplet impact and Leidenfrost dynamics on a heated post
Creators: name: Li, Junhui
name: Weisensee, Patricia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study experimentally explores fluid breakup and Leidenfrost dynamics for droplets impacting a heated millimetric post. Using high-speed optical and infrared imaging, we investigate the droplet lifetime, breakup and boiling modes, as well as the cooling performance of different substrates. The post substrate leads to a shorter droplet lifetime and a 20°C higher Leidenfrost temperature compared to a flat substrate, attributed to mixed boiling modes along the height of the post and additional pinning. For temperatures below the Leidenfrost point, in the nucleate boiling regime, the post substrate also provides a larger maximum temperature drop than its flat counterpart. The enhanced cooling capacity can be attributed to better droplet pinning and an enlarged droplet-substrate contact area. The post's superior cooling performance becomes especially clear for impact on an inclined surface, where the post successfully prevents the rolling and bouncing of the droplet, providing a 51% to 180% increase in the maximum local temperature drop. Interestingly, at temperatures slightly above the Leidenfrost point and for a relatively narrow range of Weber numbers, droplets on the post substrate rebound rather than break up due to a complex interplay of inertial, capillary, and bubble (thin film) dynamics. Overall, the findings show that a large-scale structure increases the Leidenfrost temperature and enhances droplet breakup and interfacial heat transfer efficiency during non-isothermal droplet impact.
description: submitted to IJHMT
Non-linear conductance in mesoscopic weakly disordered wires -- Interaction and magnetic field asymmetry
Creators: name: Texier, Christophe
name: Mitscherling, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-linear conductance $\mathcal{G}\sim\partial^2I/\partial V^2|_{V=0}$ in coherent quasi-1D weakly disordered metallic wires. The analysis is based on the calculation of two fundamental correlators (correlations of conductance's functional derivatives and correlations of injectivities), which are obtained explicitly by using diagrammatic techniques. In a coherent wire of length $L$, we obtain $\mathcal{G}\sim0.006\,E_\mathrm{Th}^{-1}$ (and $\langle\mathcal{G}\rangle=0$), where $E_\mathrm{Th}=D/L^2$ is the Thouless energy and $D$ the diffusion constant; the small dimensionless factor results from screening, i.e. cannot be obtained within a simple theory for non-interacting electrons. Electronic interactions are also responsible for an asymmetry under magnetic field reversal: the antisymmetric part of the non-linear conductance (at high magnetic field) being much smaller than the symmetric one, $\mathcal{G}_a\sim0.001\,(gE_\mathrm{Th})^{-1}$, where $g\gg1$ is the dimensionless (linear) conductance of the wire. Weakly coherent regimes are also studied: for $L_φ\ll L$, where $L_φ$ is the phase coherence length, we get $\mathcal{G}\sim(L_φ/L)^{7/2}E_\mathrm{Th}^{-1}$, and $\mathcal{G}_a\sim(L_φ/L)^{11/2}(gE_\mathrm{Th})^{-1}\ll\mathcal{G}$ (at high magnetic field). When thermal fluctuations are important, $L_T\ll L_φ\ll L$ where $L_T=\sqrt{D/T}$, we obtain $\mathcal{G}\sim(L_T/L)(L_φ/L)^{7/2}E_\mathrm{Th}^{-1}$ (the result is dominated by the effect of screening) and $\mathcal{G}_a\sim(L_T/L)^2(L_φ/L)^{7/2}(gE_\mathrm{Th})^{-1}$. All the precise dimensionless prefactors are obtained. Crossovers towards the zero magnetic field regime are also analysed.
description: RevTeX, 39 pages, 38 pdf figures ; v2: Sections II, VII, VIII & IX reorganised, refs added ; v3: Table I updated, Appendices B & C extended, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Exciton optics, dynamics and transport in atomically thin semiconductors
Creators: name: Perea-Causin, Raul
name: Erkensten, Daniel
name: Fitzgerald, Jamie M.
name: Thompson, Joshua J. P.
name: Rosati, Roberto
name: Brem, Samuel
name: Malic, Ermin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomically thin semiconductors such as transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers exhibit a very strong Coulomb interaction, giving rise to a rich exciton landscape. This makes these materials highly attractive for efficient and tunable optoelectronic devices. In this article, we review the recent progress in the understanding of exciton optics, dynamics and transport, which crucially govern the operation of TMD-based devices. We highlight the impact of hBN-encapsulation, which reveals a plethora of many-particle states in optical spectra, and we outline the most novel breakthroughs in the field of exciton-polaritonics. Moreover, we underline the direct observation of exciton formation and thermalization in TMD monolayers and heterostructures in recent time-resolved ARPES studies. We also show the impact of exciton density, strain and dielectric environment on exciton diffusion and funneling. Finally, we put forward relevant research directions in the field of atomically thin semiconductors for the near future.
The Effect of Intergenerational Educational Attainment on Cardiometabolic Health in United States Latinos
Creators: name: Crenshaw, Emma
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Background: Obesity and metabolic dysfunction are increasingly common in the United States. It is unclear whether and how cycles of poverty, measured by intergenerational educational attainment, contribute to this burden, especially among Latinos.Methods: Data from 395 Latino adults were linked to 286 biologic parents from the Niños Lifestyle and Diabetes Study and Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. We dichotomized highest educational attainment of parents and their adult offspring based on the median education for their place of birth to obtain categories of intergenerational educational attainment: stable-high, upwardly mobile, downwardly mobile, and stable-low (referent). Outcomes included obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. We used a model-based standardization with Sacramento population weights to compare baseline obesity and MetS across generations, and robust Poisson regression to estimate prevalence ratios by intergenerational educational attainment adjusting for age, age2, gender, and location of education.Results: We observed a significantly higher age/gender-standardized prevalence of obesity and MetS in offspring, 54% and 69%, compared to their parents, 48% and 42%, of the same age range. Compared to stable-low intergenerational educational attainment, any category with high offspring education was associated with lower obesity and MetS prevalence. The upwardly mobile group saw the greatest benefit, having 0.62 (95% confidence interval: 0.43, 0.90) and 0.54 (0.37, 0.79) times the prevalence of obesity and MetS. Conclusions: Intergenerational educational attainment strongly patterns cardiometabolic health among US Latinos, suggesting that promotion of higher education could benefit this population in future generations by reducing obesity and MetS.
Mutual Influences of Local Elements of Textbooks and Children's Learning Transfer: An ISM Approach to Chinese Textbooks for Children in Macao
Creators: name: Zhong, Jiali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470303
subject: Chinese languages

description: Offshore Chinese-language textbooks tend to be localized and geared toward younger students. In the context of Sino-Portuguese cultural exchange and Bay Area integration, Macau has established a distinctive form of Chinese language teaching. Macau is seeking to discontinue the importation of Chinese language textbooks and instead publish Chinese language textbooks written by local authors for children. This study utilized interpretive structural modeling to analyze the sample textbook's knowledge hierarchy and distribution of local elements. The researcher aimed to determine how the local elements of Chinese language textbooks for children in Macau influence the students’ learning transfer. The results indicated that local elements are integrated into the structural levels of the teaching materials through the medium of the field landscape, the resemblance of the genre, and the adhesion of regional culture. The three levels of macro-environmental, meso-interactive development and micro-individual dynamics of the materials demonstrated that the local elements have varying degrees and types of learning transfer impacts on child learners. Finally, we provided recommendations on the local elements of textbooks for the children's learning transfer
Improvement of FTJ on-current by work function engineering for massive parallel neuromorphic computing
Creators: name: Lancaster, Suzanne
name: Duong, Quang T.
name: Covi, Erika
name: Mikolajick, Thomas
name: Slesazeck, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: HfO2-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) exhibit attractive properties for adoption in neuromorphic applications. The combination of ultra-low-power multi-level switching capability together with the low on-current density suggests the application in circuits for massive parallel computation. In this work, we discuss one example circuit of a differential synaptic cell featuring multiple parallel connected FTJ devices. Moreover, from the circuit requirements we deduce that the absolute difference in currents (Ion - Ioff) is a more critical figure of merit than the tunneling electroresistance ratio (TER). Based on this, we discuss the potential of FTJ device optimization by means of electrode work function engineering in bilayer HZO/Al2O3 FTJs.
Gossypium raimondii Genome sequencing and assembly
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2013
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Monoisolate

description: We have sequenced and assembled the draft genome of Gossypium raimondii, whose progenitor is considered the contributor of the D-subgenome to the economically important natural textile fiber producer, G. hirsutum. Next-generation Illumina pair-end (PE) sequencing strategies were employed to obtain 103.6-fold genome coverage of cleaned DNA sequence from various shotgun libraries with insert sizes ranging from 170 bp to 40 kbp. Over 73% of the assembly is in 281 scaffolds, The N50 of contigs and scaffolds is 44.9 kb and 2,284 kb, respectively, with the largest scaffold measuring 12.8 Mb.
title: Inferior pancreatic-duodenal artery aneurysm complications in a patient with Dunbar Syndrome
Creators: name: Mallardi, Carmen
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Interventional radiology
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Vascular
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Complications
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 61-year-old male presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain. CT scan revealed the presence of a retroperitoneal bilobed mass with a maximum axial diameter of approximately 170 mm.

description: 61 years, male
Zavarzinella formosa DSM 19928 Genome sequencing and assembly
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2012
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Monoisolate

description: Aerobic, pink-pigmented, budding and rosette-forming, covered with crateriform pits, possessed long and unusually thick stalks of a unique ultrastructure, moderately acidophilic, mesophilic.
Complex oscillatory patterns in a three-timescale model of a generalist predator and a specialist predator competing for a common prey
Creators: name: Sadhu, Susmita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 34D15, 34A34, 34C60, 37G15, 37N25, 92D25, 92D40

description: In this paper, we develop and analyze a model that studies the interaction between a specialist predator, a generalist predator, and their common prey in a two-trophic ecosystem featuring three timescales. We assume that the prey operates on a faster timescale, while the specialist and generalist predators operate on slow and superslow timescales respectively. Treating the predation efficiency of the generalist predator as the primary varying parameter and the proportion of its diet formed by the prey species under study as the secondary parameter, we obtain a host of rich and interesting dynamics, including relaxation oscillations, mixed-mode oscillations (MMOs), subcritical elliptic bursting patterns, torus canards, and mixed-type torus canards. By grouping the timescales into two classes and using the timescale separation between classes, we apply one-fast/two-slow and two-fast/one-slow analysis techniques to gain insights about the dynamics. Using the geometric properties and flows of the singular subsystems, in combination with bifurcation analysis and numerical continuation of the full system, we classify the oscillatory dynamics and discuss the transitions from one type of dynamics to the other. The types of oscillatory patterns observed in this model are novel in population models featuring three-timescales; some of which qualitatively resemble natural cycles in small mammals and insects. Furthermore, oscillatory dynamics displaying torus canards, mixed-type torus canards, and MMOs experiencing a delayed loss of stability near one of the invariant sheets of the self-intersecting critical manifold before getting attracted to the adjacent attracting sheet of the critical manifold have not been previously reported in three-timescale models.
Composites repair through self-healing 3D printing filaments (EuReComp project)
Creators: name: Kontiza, Artemis
name: Tsirogiannis, Christos
name: Gkartzou, Eleni
name: Alexandratou, Anastasia
name: Zafeiris, Konstantinos
name: Charitidis, Costas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: composites repair; micro-capsules; self-healing; 3D printing filament

description: Abstract submitted in the Polymer Process and Innovation conference held in Guimaraes on 13-15 of September 2023.
A Paper-Based Breast Co-Culture Model to Study Direct and Indirect Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Estrogen Signaling
Creators: name: Albertini, Leonardo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture platforms better recreate the complex microenvironment and cell-cell signaling gradients characteristic of in vivo tumors than monolayer cultures on plasticware. While in vitro co-culture models of stromal cells and ER(+) carcinoma cells have been developed to study tumor responses, there is a lack of detailed characterization of the expression and activity of aromatase enzyme in mammary fibroblasts in 3D environments. Aromatase converts androgens to estrogen. In this study, I quantify aromatase activity in stromal reductive mammary fibroblasts (RMFs) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) transactivation in a breast carcinoma cell line in 2D, 3D, and co-culture platforms. When treated with the aromatase inducers genistein and quercetin, we observed increased E2 synthesis in all culture formats containing RMFs. The 2D monocultures had much higher aromatase activity than 3D monocultures; the greatest increase in activity occurred in the co-cultures. Our results highlight the use of 3D breast cancer models as an improvement over traditional 2D cultures and a useful and efficient alternative to in vivo models.
Dynamic Power Control for Delay-Aware Device-to-Device Communications
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Lau, Vincent K. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the dynamic power control for delay-aware D2D communications. The stochastic optimization problem is formulated as an infinite horizon average cost Markov decision process. To deal with the curse of dimensionality, we utilize the interference filtering property of the CSMA-like MAC protocol and derive a closed-form approximate priority function and the associated error bound using perturbation analysis. Based on the closed-form approximate priority function, we propose a low-complexity power control algorithm solving the per-stage optimization problem. The proposed solution is further shown to be asymptotically optimal for a sufficiently large carrier sensing distance. Finally, the proposed power control scheme is compared with various baselines through simulations, and it is shown that significant performance gain can be achieved.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1502.07966
An Antipsychotic-Specific Analysis of Metformin for Weight Loss and Metabolic Control in Overweight Patients with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
Creators: name: Cheeveer, Ray
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: The present study is an exploratory analysis of the “Metformin for Weight Loss and Metabolic Control in Overweight Patients with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder” (METS) report. This exploratory analysis categorizes participants of METS into groups based on their individual antipsychotics, allowing for a comparative analysis of metabolic responses to metformin between individual antipsychotic groups. Our methods employ the Linear Mixed Effects Model to determine time-by-treatment effects of individual antipsychotics on key metabolic variables: total cholesterol (mg/dL), fasting glucose (mg/dL), triglycerides (mg/dL), and weight (kg). Results show a highly significant time-by-treatment effect (p=0.0009) of metformin on weight loss for patients taking clozapine, with a large metformin-placebo group difference in weight loss of -7.3 kg. The results suggest that metabolic responses to metformin might vary widely depending on a patient’s individual antipsychotic. Furthermore, this analysis suggests that the standard analytic procedure of grouping antipsychotics into higher-risk for weight gain or lower-risk for weight gain is insufficient for detecting potentially nuanced metabolic responses associated with individual antipsychotics and adjuvant metformin. Future studies should investigate metformin-associated weight loss in individuals taking clozapine, which the present study found to be highly significant. In addition, larger studies and meta-analyses are needed to determine a significant time-by-treatment effect of metformin on the metabolic variables: total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and triglycerides.
Approximation with Random Bases: Pro et Contra
Creators: name: Gorban, Alexander N.
name: Tyukin, Ivan Yu.
name: Prokhorov, Danil V.
name: Sofeikov, Konstantin I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 41A45, 41A45, 90C59, 92B20, 68W20

description: In this work we discuss the problem of selecting suitable approximators from families of parameterized elementary functions that are known to be dense in a Hilbert space of functions. We consider and analyze published procedures, both randomized and deterministic, for selecting elements from these families that have been shown to ensure the rate of convergence in $L_2$ norm of order $O(1/N)$, where $N$ is the number of elements. We show that both randomized and deterministic procedures are successful if additional information about the families of functions to be approximated is provided. In the absence of such additional information one may observe exponential growth of the number of terms needed to approximate the function and/or extreme sensitivity of the outcome of the approximation to parameters. Implications of our analysis for applications of neural networks in modeling and control are illustrated with examples.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0905.0677
Serratia marcescens LCT-SM213 Genome sequencing
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2012
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Monoisolate

description: Serratia marcescens is a species of motile, short rod-shaped, Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe bacterium. It is classified as an opportunistic pathogen that causes many nosocomial infections, such as sepsis, bacteremia, meningitis and so on. And it is resistant to many antibiotics. We will mainly study the virulence and the antibiotic-resistance of this species.
Magnetic Structure and Spin Fluctuations in Colossal Magnetoresistance Ferrimagnet Mn3Si2Te6
Creators: name: Ye, Feng
name: Matsuda, Masaaki
name: Morgan, Zachary
name: Sherline, Todd
name: Ni, Yifei
name: Zhao, Hengdi
name: Cao, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ferrimagnetic insulator Mn3Si2Te6, which features a Curie temperature Tc at 78 K and a delicate yet consequential magnetic frustration, exhibits colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) when the magnetic field is applied along the magnetic hard axis, surprisingly inconsistent with existing precedents [Y. Ni, H. Zhao, Y. Zhang et al. Phys. Rev. B 103, L161105 (2021)]. This discovery motivates a thorough single-crystal neutron diffraction study in order to gain insights into the magnetic structure and its hidden correlation with the new type of CMR. Here we report a noncollinear magnetic structure below the Tc where the moments lie predominantly within the basal plane but tilt toward the c axis by ~10o at ambient conditions. A substantial magnetic diffuse scattering decays slowly and persists well above the Tc. The evolution of the spin correlation lengths agrees well with the electrical resistivity, underscoring the role of spin fluctuation contributing to the magnetoresistivity near the transition. Application of magnetic field along the c axis, renders a swift occurrence of CMR but only a slow tilting of the magnetic moments toward the c axis. The unparalleled changes indicate a non-consequential role of magnetic polarization.
description: 4 Figures
Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae LCT-KP214 Genome sequencing
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2012
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Monoisolate

description: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a clinical pathogen. The goal of our sequencing is to study the antibiotic-resistance and the virulence of this pathogen.
Compressed Gastric Image Generation Based on Soft-Label Dataset Distillation for Medical Data Sharing
Creators: name: Li, Guang
name: Togo, Ren
name: Ogawa, Takahiro
name: Haseyama, Miki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background and objective: Sharing of medical data is required to enable the cross-agency flow of healthcare information and construct high-accuracy computer-aided diagnosis systems. However, the large sizes of medical datasets, the massive amount of memory of saved deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) models, and patients' privacy protection are problems that can lead to inefficient medical data sharing. Therefore, this study proposes a novel soft-label dataset distillation method for medical data sharing. Methods: The proposed method distills valid information of medical image data and generates several compressed images with different data distributions for anonymous medical data sharing. Furthermore, our method can extract essential weights of DCNN models to reduce the memory required to save trained models for efficient medical data sharing. Results: The proposed method can compress tens of thousands of images into several soft-label images and reduce the size of a trained model to a few hundredths of its original size. The compressed images obtained after distillation have been visually anonymized; therefore, they do not contain the private information of the patients. Furthermore, we can realize high-detection performance with a small number of compressed images. Conclusions: The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the efficiency and security of medical data sharing.
description: Published as a journal paper at Elsevier CMPB
Baryogenesis via Mesino Oscillations
Creators: name: Ghalsasi, Akshay
name: McKeen, David
name: Nelson, Ann E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new mechanism for baryogenesis at the 1-200 MeV scale. Enhancement of CP violation takes place via interference between oscillations and decays of mesinos--bound states of a scalar quark and antiquark and their CP conjugates. We present the mechanism in a simplified model with four new fundamental particles, with masses between 300 GeV and 10 TeV, and show that some of the experimentally allowed parameter space can give the observed baryon-to-entropy ratio.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Occurrence and Associations of Manganese and Iron in Drinking Water Systems in Four Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Creators: name: Browning, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: The occurrence of metals in drinking water is of public health importance due to their potential adverse aesthetic, human health and chlorine disinfection performance effects. This thesis aims to characterize the occurrence of manganese and iron in terms of their associated thresholds with respect to each of these outcomes. First, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to establish the thresholds of interest. Second, manganese and iron concentrations were evaluated in 299 drinking water samples obtained across large rural regions of Ghana, Kenya Mali and Niger. Both metals were detected at concentrations exceeding aesthetic thresholds in a substantive proportion of samples (46%). Manganese exceeded the World Health Organization’s health-based guideline value of 400 µg/L in 9 samples (3%). Manganese and iron were found at concentrations exceeding levels likely to interfere with chlorination effectiveness in 5% of samples. These results suggest that consistent monitoring should be done after the implementation of a drinking water source.
Polariton Enhanced Free Charge Carrier Generation in Donor-Acceptor Cavity Systems by a Second-Hybridization Mechanism
Creators: name: Wu, Weijun
name: Sifain, Andrew E.
name: Delpo, Courtney A.
name: Scholes, Gregory D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cavity quantum electrodynamics has been studied as a potential approach to modify free charge carrier generation in donor-acceptor heterojunctions because of the delocalization and controllable energy level properties of hybridized light-matter states known as polaritons. However, in many experimental systems, cavity coupling decreases charge separation. Here, we theoretically study the quantum dynamics of a coherent and dissipative donor-acceptor cavity system, to investigate the dynamical mechanism and further discover the conditions under which polaritons may enhance free charge carrier generation. We use open quantum system methods based on single-pulse pumping to find that polaritons have the potential to connect excitonic states and charge separated states, further enhancing free charge generation on an ultrafast timescale of several hundred femtoseconds. The mechanism involves that polaritons with proper energy levels allow the exciton to overcome the high Coulomb barrier induced by electron-hole attraction. Moreover, we propose that a second-hybridization between a polariton state and dark states with similar energy enables the formation of the hybrid charge separated states that are optically active. These two mechanisms lead to a maximum of 50% enhancement of free charge carrier generation on a short timescale. However, our simulation reveals that on the longer timescale of picoseconds, internal conversion and cavity loss dominate and suppress free charge carrier generation, reproducing the experimental results. Thus, our work shows that polaritons can affect the charge separation mechanism and promote free charge carrier generation efficiency, but predominantly on a short timescale after photoexcitation.
Partial transpose as a direct link between concurrence and negativity
Creators: name: Eltschka, Christopher
name: Toth, Geza
name: Siewert, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detection of entanglement in bipartite states is a fundamental task in quantum information. The first method to verify entanglement in mixed states was the partial-transpose criterion. Subsequently, numerous quantifiers for bipartite entanglement were introduced, among them concurrence and negativity. Surprisingly, these quantities are often treated as distinct or independent of each other. The aim of this contribution is to highlight the close relations between these concepts, to show the connections between seemingly independent results, and to present various estimates for the mixed-state concurrence within the same framework.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Mutations in H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin that confer binding to human tracheal airway epithelium
Creators: name: Shelton, Holly
name: Ren, Junyuan
name: Jones, Ian M.
name: Barclay, Wendy S.
name: Pickles, Raymond
name: Scull, Margaret A.
name: Ayora-Talavera, Guadalupe
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The emergence in 2009 of a swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus as the first pandemic of the 21st Century is a timely reminder
of the international public health impact of influenza viruses, even those associated with mild disease. The widespread
distribution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in the avian population has spawned concern that it may give rise to
a human influenza pandemic. The mortality rate associated with occasional human infection by H5N1 virus approximates
60%, suggesting that an H5N1 pandemic would be devastating to global health and economy. To date, the H5N1 virus has
not acquired the propensity to transmit efficiently between humans. The reasons behind this are unclear, especially given
the high mutation rate associated with influenza virus replication. Here we used a panel of recombinant H5 hemagglutinin
(HA) variants to demonstrate the potential for H5 HA to bind human airway epithelium, the predominant target tissue for
influenza virus infection and spread. While parental H5 HA exhibited limited binding to human tracheal epithelium,
introduction of selected mutations converted the binding profile to that of a current human influenza strain HA. Strikingly,
these amino-acid changes required multiple simultaneous mutations in the genomes of naturally occurring H5 isolates.
Moreover, H5 HAs bearing intermediate sequences failed to bind airway tissues and likely represent mutations that are an
evolutionary ‘‘dead end.’’ We conclude that, although genetic changes that adapt H5 to human airways can be
demonstrated, they may not readily arise during natural virus replication. This genetic barrier limits the likelihood that
current H5 viruses will originate a human pandemic.
Proca Stars: gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates of massive spin 1 particles
Creators: name: Brito, Richard
name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: Herdeiro, Carlos A. R.
name: Radu, Eugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish that massive complex Abelian vector fields (mass $μ$) can form gravitating solitons, when minimally coupled to Einstein's gravity. Such Proca stars (PSs) have a stationary, everywhere regular and asymptotically flat geometry. The Proca field, however, possesses a harmonic time dependence (frequency $w$), realizing Wheeler's concept of geons for an Abelian spin 1 field. We obtain PSs with both a spherically symmetric (static) and an axially symmetric (stationary) line element. The latter form a countable number of families labelled by an integer $m\in \mathbb{Z}^+$. PSs, like (scalar) boson stars, carry a conserved Noether charge, and are akin to the latter in many ways. In particular, both types of stars exist for a limited range of frequencies and there is a maximal ADM mass, $M_{max}$, attained for an intermediate frequency. For spherically symmetric PSs (rotating PSs with $m=1,2,3$), $M_{max}\simeq 1.058 M_{Pl}^2/μ$ ($M_{max}\simeq 1.568,\, 2.337, \, 3.247 \, M_{Pl}^2/μ$), slightly larger values than those for (mini-)boson stars. We establish perturbative stability for a subset of solutions in the spherical case and anticipate a similar conclusion for fundamental modes in the rotating case. The discovery of PSs opens many avenues of research, reconsidering five decades of work on (scalar) boson stars, in particular as possible dark matter candidates.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Advanced Deep Learning Architectures for Accurate Detection of Subsurface Tile Drainage Pipes from Remote Sensing Images
Creators: name: Breitkopf, Tom-Lukas
name: Hackel, Leonard W.
name: Ravanbakhsh, Mahdyar
name: Cooke, Anne-Karin
name: Willkommen, Sandra
name: Broda, Stefan
name: Demir, Begüm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Subsurface tile drainage pipes provide agronomic, economic and environmental benefits. By lowering the water table of wet soils, they improve the aeration of plant roots and ultimately increase the productivity of farmland. They do however also provide an entryway of agrochemicals into subsurface water bodies and increase nutrition loss in soils. For maintenance and infrastructural development, accurate maps of tile drainage pipe locations and drained agricultural land are needed. However, these maps are often outdated or not present. Different remote sensing (RS) image processing techniques have been applied over the years with varying degrees of success to overcome these restrictions. Recent developments in deep learning (DL) techniques improve upon the conventional techniques with machine learning segmentation models. In this study, we introduce two DL-based models: i) improved U-Net architecture; and ii) Visual Transformer-based encoder-decoder in the framework of tile drainage pipe detection. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of both models in terms of detection accuracy when compared to a basic U-Net architecture. Our code and models are publicly available at https://git.tu-berlin.de/rsim/drainage-pipes-detection.
description: Accepted at the SPIE Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing 2022. For code visit: https://git.tu-berlin.de/rsim/drainage-pipes-detection
Optical response of the tightbinding model on the Fibonacci chain
Creators: name: Iijima, Hiroki
name: Murakami, Yuta
name: Koga, Akihisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the optical conductivity of the tightbinding model which has two types of the hopping integrals arranged in the Fibonacci sequence. Due to the lack of the translational symmetry, many peak structures appear in the optical conductivity as well as the density of states. When the ratio of two hopping integrals is large, the self-similar structure appears in the optical conductivity. This implies that the optical response between the high-energy bands is related to that within the low-energy bands, which should originate from critical behavior in the wave functions. The effects of disorders on the optical conductivity are also analyzed in order to show the absence of the self-similarity in the tightbinding model with the random sequence.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted to JPSJ
Tachyon inflation in the Large-$N$ formalism
Creators: name: Barbosa-Cendejas, Nandinii
name: De-Santiago, Josue
name: German, Gabriel
name: Hidalgo, Juan Carlos
name: Mora-Luna, Refugio Rigel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study tachyon inflation within the large-$N$ formalism, which takes a prescription for the small Hubble flow slow--roll parameter $ε_1$ as a function of the large number of $e$-folds $N$. This leads to a classification of models through their behaviour at large $N$. In addition to the perturbative $N$ class, we introduce the polynomial and exponential classes for the $ε_1$ parameter. With this formalism we reconstruct a large number of potentials used previously in the literature for Tachyon Inflation. We also obtain new families of potentials form the polynomial class. We characterize the realizations of Tachyon Inflation by computing the usual cosmological observables up to second order in the Hubble flow slow--roll parameters. This allows us to look at observable differences between tachyon and canonical single field inflation. The analysis of observables in light of the Planck 2015 data shows the viability of some of these models, mostly for certain realization of the polynomial and exponential classes.
description: V3: 16 pages, 2 figures. Version accepted for publication in JCAP
Physical and Biological Barriers to Viral Vector–mediated Delivery of Genes to the Airway Epithelium
Creators: name: Pickles, Raymond J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: A gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease by intralumenal
delivery of therapeutic transgenes into the lung is a logical treatment
strategy if efficient gene transfer can be achieved without
detrimental effects to the patient. Indeed, pioneering work in the
late 1980s showed that genetically engineered viruses could deliver
the CF corrective transgene to cultured cells from patients with CF.
However, after many attempts to deliver the corrective gene to the
lungs of patients with CF in vivo and with the luxury of 20/20 hindsight,
it is realized that although logical, the strategy to accomplish
this task did not appreciate the evolution of the lung to resist invasion
by pathogens such as viruses. It is now apparent that several levels
of barriers exist that restrict exogenous gene delivery to the airway
epithelium by commonly used viral vectors. Components of the
innate and cell-mediated immune system collectively limit both
the access to and duration of gene transfer vectors to the airway
epithelium.Alternative viral vectors that have evolved to circumvent
these barriers will require further development if gene transfer is
ever to be considered a therapy for CF lung disease.