cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Alteration of poly(adp-ribose) polymerase activity influences the mode of oxidant-induced endothelial cell death
Creators: name: Walisser, Jacqueline Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a zinc-finger enzyme activated by DNA strand scissions, as occur during oxidative stress. Extensive PARP activation causes depletion of its substrate, NAD+ , and a consequent decline in cellular energy, which contributes to oncotic cell death. Cell death is categorized either as oncosis, a passive form of death, or apoptosis, an active energy-dependent form of death. This thesis examines the effect of altering PARP activity on the cellular response to oxidative injury and the influence that PARP activity has on the process of endothelial cell (EC) death. Fluorescence microscopy reveals hallmark nuclear features consistent with apoptosis in oxidant-stressed ECs when PARP is inhibited with 1,5- isoquinolinediol and oncosis when exposed to oxidant alone. Caspase-3-like activity, a marker of apoptosis, is negligible in oxidant-treated ECs but increases when PARP activity is inhibited. These results demonstrate that the process of oxidant-induced EC death is switched from oncosis to apoptosis by pharmacological inhibition of PARP activity. In accordance with this switch to an active form of death, PARP inhibition maintains energy-dependent cellular processes, such as retention of low concentrations of intracellular free calcium and lysosomal uptake of acridine orange. Metal replacement in the PARP zinc fingers is a potential mechanism of altering PARP activity that may have important consequences in metal toxicology. Because zinc is essential for both the ability of PARP to bind DNA and the activation of its catalytic activity, the potential for altering the DNA-binding capacity of PARP through metal replacement in the zinc-finger motif is investigated. Purified PARP, derived from a baculovirus expression system, is employed for these studies. Various mass spectrometric methods, including laser ablation-ICPMS, MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-MS, are evaluated for their effectiveness in the detection of metal replacement in purified PARP. Analysis of the native PARP is hindered at neutral pH due to suppression of ionization and protein adsorption to instrument components. However, analysis of the 24 kDa caspase-3-digested PARP fragment containing the 2 zinc fingers is accomplished by ESI-MS using a solvent composed of 20% acetonitrile containing 53 mM 1,1,1,3,3,3- hexafluoroisopropanol pH 5.1. Therefore, the groundwork is laid to examine metal replacement in PARP as a potential mechanism for alteration of PARP activity. In conclusion, alteration of PARP activity, either via its catalytic site or at the zinc-finger site, may have important toxicological consequences in a variety of processes including metal toxicity and oxidant-induced cell death.
ENERGY ANALYSIS METHODS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION WITH APPLICATIONS TO CHIANG MAI VALLEY, THAILAND
Creators: name: Chareodrat, Pimpan
name: Chareodrat, Pimpan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Population increased and land became scarce. In the mid 1980's, the earth's population is expected to reach the five billion level rising to six billion well before the year 2000. The rate of population growth indicates that the world's food requirement will present a shortage problem. Food production is lagging behind population growth. Problems of feeding the rapidly increasing world population includes requirements for irrigation and fertilizer products which in turn require large amounts of energy input. The interrelationship of energy and human members can be better appreciated when it is recognized that energy use has been increasing faster than the world population. The world doubled its energy consumption within the past decade while the world population doubled its numbers in about the past 30 years. Petroleum energy has been demonstrated to be an important input to increase food production. When the energy becomes a shortage man has to develop technology for new energy sources and more effective population controls, but these are future aims. In the meantime, we must find ways to increase food production on the world's limit of land resources through the effective use of fossil energy. It may be possible for the world population to be fed if energy, land, and water resources are used effectively.
Flaxino dark matter and stau decay
Creators: name: Chun, Eung Jin
name: Kim, Hang Bae
name: Kohri, Kazunori
name: Lyth, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the spontaneous breaking of Peccei-Quinn symmetry comes from soft supersymmetry breaking, the fermionic partners of the symmetry-breaking fields have mass of order the gravitino mass, and are called flatinos. The lightest flatino, called here the flaxino, is a CDM candidate if it is the lightest supersymmetric particle. We here explore flaxino dark matter assuming that the lightest ordinary supersymmetric particle is the stau, with gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking. The decay of the stau to the flaxino is fast enough not to spoil the standard predictions of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, and its track and decay can be seen in future colliders.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, to appear in JHEP
Mesoscopic constitutive relations for dilute polymer solutions
Creators: name: Malaga, C.
name: Mandujano, F.
name: Santamaria-Holek, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel approach to the dynamics of dilute solutions of polymer molecules under flow conditions is proposed by applying the rules of mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics (MNET). The probability density describing the state of the system is taken to be a function of the position and velocity of the molecules, and on a local vector parameter accounting for its deformation. This function obeys a generalized Fokker-Planck equation, obtained by calculating the entropy production of the system, and identifying the corresponding probability currents in terms of generalized forces. In simple form, this coarse-grained description allows one to derive hydrodynamic equations where molecular deformation and diffusion effects are coupled. A class of non-linear constitutive relations for the pressure tensor are obtained. Particular models are considered and compared with experiments.
description: To be published in Physica A (16 pages, 2 figures)
FARMERS' BEHAVIOR TOWARDS NEW TECHNOLOGY: THE SENEGALESE CASE
Creators: name: Sene, Ibrahima
name: Sene, Ibrahima
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The adoption of new technology in developing countries is an important issue today. Several studies have been undertaken to discover ways of encouraging the development and the adoption of new technologies. In Senegal two different approaches to the transfer of technology to farmers are noticeable: the adapted technology approach and the intermediate technology approach. Of these, the intermediate technology approach embodied in oxen traction is the predominant approach to technology transfer in Senegal. This paper analyzes the behavior of Senegalese farmers towards this dominant kind of technology transfer in Thies Region, one of the old peanut basin regions of Senegal. Capital budgets for two oxen and two equipment options are prepared. Annualized benefit cost ratios are then computed to compare the prevailing labor intensive technology to the recommended and actual practices regarding equipment and feeding/marketing regimes for the oxen. The results of this analysis show that under prevailing farm conditions and price policies, the use of labor intensive technology is more profitable than the use of the two kinds of intermediate technologies embodied in oxen traction in Thies. The analysis points to the necessity of carefully considering the internal family wage system at the farm household level when dealing with changes in farming technology in developing countries. It further suggests that food grains which are surplus to household requirements have far greater value as a wage good than as marketed outputs.
Chiral tunneling in single layer graphene with Rashba spin-orbit coupling: spin currents
Creators: name: Avishai, Y.
name: Band, Y. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study forward scattering of 2D massless Dirac electrons at Fermi energy {\varepsilon} > 0 in single layer graphene through a 1D rectangular barrier of height {u_0} in the presence of uniform Rashba spin-orbit coupling (of strength λ). The role of the Klein paradox in graphene spintronics is thereby exposed. It is shown that (1) For {\varepsilon} - 2λ < {u_0}< {\varepsilon} + 2λ there is partial Klein tunneling, wherein the transmission is bounded by 1 and, quite remarkably, for small λ > {λ_0} {\approx} 0.1 meV, the transmission nearly vanishes when the scattering energy equals the barrier height, {\varepsilon}={u_0}. (2) Spin density and spin-current density are shown to be remarkably different than these observables predicted in bulk single layer graphene. In particular, they are sensitive to λ and {u_0}. (3) Spin current densities are space dependent, implying the occurrence of non-zero spin torque density. Such a system may serve as a graphene based spintronic device without the use of an external magnetic field or magnetic materials.
description: seven pages, six figures
Challenging deficit discourse in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nutrition and dietetics research: A critical discourse analysis
Creators: name: Chittleborough, E
name: Delbridge, Robyn
name: Coveney, J
name: Wilson, R
name: Mackean, T
name: Wilson, A
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 450405
subject: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander diet and nutrition

description: Prior to colonisation, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples used detailed knowledges on food and nutrition to develop sustainable practices which supported strong and healthy ways of life. Despite this, there is often a focus in the nutrition and dietetics literature on the deficits relating to food and nutrition for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, rather than the strengths. This study used a critical discourse analysis to investigate how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are portrayed in the discourse of peer-reviewed research relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nutrition and dietetics. In doing so, this study explored the extent to which these portrayals perpetuate deficit discourse and the implications of this for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ health, and nutrition and dietetics research. Four prominent themes were identified: problem describing, comparison, acknowledgment of colonisation and inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspectives. The results indicate that deficit discourse dominates nutrition and dietetics literature, and a lack of strengths-based discourse is evident. This study brings awareness to, and emphasises the importance of, challenging and changing these discourses to ones that are more strengths-based.
title: Is Epistemic Uncertainty Faithfully Represented by Evidential Deep Learning Methods?
Creators: name: Juergens, Mira
name: Meinert, Nis
name: Bengs, Viktor
name: Hüllermeier, Eyke
name: Waegeman, Willem
Publisher: name: PMLR
Year: 2024

description: Trustworthy ML systems should not only return accurate predictions, but also a reliable representation of their uncertainty. Bayesian methods are commonly used to quantify both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty, but alternative approaches, such as evidential deep learning methods, have become popular in recent years. The latter group of methods in essence extends empirical risk minimization (ERM) for predicting second-order probability distributions over outcomes, from which measures of epistemic (and aleatoric) uncertainty can be extracted. This paper presents novel theoretical insights of evidential deep learning, highlighting the difficulties in optimizing second-order loss functions and interpreting the resulting epistemic uncertainty measures. With a systematic setup that covers a wide range of approaches for classification, regression and counts, it provides novel insights into issues of identifiability and convergence in second-order loss minimization, and the relative (rather than absolute) nature of epistemic uncertainty measures.
Random regular graphs of non-constant degree: Concentration of the chromatic number
Creators: name: Ben-Shimon, Sonny
name: Krivelevich, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68R05; 05C80

description: In this work we show that with high probability the chromatic number of a graph sampled from the random regular graph model $\Gnd$ for $d=o(n^{1/5})$ is concentrated in two consecutive values, thus extending a previous result of Achlioptas and Moore. This concentration phenomena is very similar to that of the binomial random graph model $\Gnp$ with $p=\frac{d}{n}$. Our proof is largely based on ideas of Alon and Krivelevich who proved this two-point concentration result for $\Gnp$ for $p=n^{-δ}$ where $δ>1/2$. The main tool used to derive such a result is a careful analysis of the distribution of edges in $\Gnd$, relying both on the switching technique and on bounding the probability of exponentially small events in the configuration model.
description: 18 pages
IMPLEMENTING FOOD MARKET REFORM PROGRAMS IN COSTA RICA: THE CENADA PROJECT
Creators: name: Fernandez, Max. E.
name: Fernandez, Max. E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The purpose of this paper is to assess the potential effects of CENADA on the present market system and to elaborate on the implementation problems that may be encountered. Because of the author's expected involvement in the implementation of this project and other market reforms, this paper is also intended as a means to provide an adequate working knowledge and familiarity with the field. Bearing this is in mind the following specific objectives are addressed in this paper: 1) To conceptualize the potential contributions of the CENADA project to the modernization of the fruit and vegetable marketing system in Costa Rica; 2) To study the problems encountered in the implementation of similar wholesale market projects in selected Latin American market centers; 3) To formulate the basis for a monitoring system of CENADA's operation and policies; and 4) To suggest specific areas where further studies may aid the implementation of CENADA and other complementary programs. The paper is organized into five chapters elaborating on the above stated objectives. Chapter II will review the current situation and summarize the main components of the CENADA project. Chapter III provides some insights into the problems that have arisen in the implementation of similar projects in selected cities of Colombia, Brazil and Argentina. Emphasis is placed on the reactions of the farmer, retailer and wholesaler to the changes being introduced. The potential implication that these Latin American experiences may have in Costa Rica is then discussed. The last two chapters emphasize the need to regulate CENADA's future operation, its impact on the food system and its potential problems and limitations. Since the project is still in the construction stage, this research paper is based on information gathered from secondary sources and the review of literature related to the problem. The fresh food marketing system lies within one of the most complex environments of the economy. This paper is far from exhaustive in the consideration of the variables involved. Hopefully the effort would be a positive working tool for the identification of future trends and problems in this area.
On the origin of electron accumulation layer at clean InAs(111) surfaces
Creators: name: Vrubel, Ivan
name: Yudin, Dmitry
name: Pervishko, Anastasiia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we provide a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the electronic structure of InAs(111) surfaces with a special attention paid to the energy region close to the fundamental bandgap. Starting from the bulk electronic structure of InAs as calculated using PBE functional with included Hubbard correction and spin-orbit coupling, we deliver proper values for the bandgap, split-off energy, as well as effective electron, light- and heavy-hole masses in full consistency with available experimental results. On the basis of optimized atomic surfaces we recover scanning tunneling microscopy images, which being supplied with accessible experimental data make it possible to speculate on the formation of electron accumulation layer for both As- and In-terminated InAs(111) surfaces. Moreover, these results are accompanied by band structure simulations of conduction band states.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
PLANNING AND EVALUATING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN ZIMBABWE: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT AND RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Creators: name: Mudimu, Godfrey D.
name: Mudimu, Godfrey D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Agricultural research has enormous potential for improving Sub-Saharan African countries' agricultural performance, thereby, stimulating agricultural growth and development. For this potential to be realized, clear policy action is required to accelerate the generation and adoption of new technologies. This calls for, in the first place, evaluation of past research efforts to expose weaknesses that need to be redressed. Secondly, if agricultural research is to contribute positively to agricultural development, research resources have to be allocated efficiently among competing research program alternatives. This requires an informed decision-making tool. This study examined the evolution and performance of agricultural research in Zimbabwe up to 1980. A preliminary qualitative assessment showed that agricultural research contributed significantly to the agricultural development of the country. Crop and livestock research programs initiated in the early 1920's resulted in an increase in crop area and yield as well as livestock productivity. Indigenous improved crop varieties and livestock species adapted to the agro-physical environment have been developed. Research outcome was more spectacular in the large scale commercial farming sector because, prior to 1980, investments in research and extension were biased towards this sector. An evaluation and planning framework proposed in the study is aimed at developing a research resource allocation decision tool that evaluated agricultural research periodically with the results used as a basis for resource allocation and research management.
title: Identifying Copeland Winners in Dueling Bandits with Indifferences
Creators: name: Bengs, Viktor
name: Haddenhorst, Björn
name: Hüllermeier, Eyke
Publisher: name: PMLR
Year: 2024

description: We consider the task of identifying the Copeland winner(s) in a dueling bandits problem with ternary feedback. This is an underexplored but practically relevant variant of the conventional dueling bandits problem, in which, in addition to strict preference between two arms, one may observe feedback in the form of an indifference. We provide a lower bound on the sample complexity for any learning algorithm finding the Copeland winner(s) with a fixed error probability. Moreover, we propose POCOWISTA, an algorithm with a sample complexity that almost matches this lower bound, and which shows excellent empirical performance, even for the conventional dueling bandits problem. For the case where the preference probabilities satisfy a specific type of stochastic transitivity, we provide a refined version with an improved worst case sample complexity.
Late-time Inhomogeneity and Acceleration Without Dark Energy
Creators: name: Moffat, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inhomogeneous distribution of matter in the non-linear regime of galaxies, clusters of galaxies and voids is described by an exact, spherically symmetric inhomogeneous solution of Einstein's gravitational field equations, corresponding to an under-dense void. The solution becomes the homogeneous and isotropic Einstein-de Sitter solution for a red shift $z > 10-20$, which describes the matter dominated CMB data with small inhomogeneities $δρ/ρ\sim 10^{-5}$. A spatial volume averaging of physical quantities is introduced and the averaged time evolution expansion parameter $θ$ in the Raychoudhuri equation can give rise in the late-time universe to a volume averaged deceleration parameter $$ that is negative for a positive matter density. This allows for a region of accelerated expansion which does not require a negative pressure dark energy or a cosmological constant. A negative deceleration parameter can be derived by this volume averaging procedure from the Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi open void solution, which describes the late-time non-linear regime associated with galaxies and under-dense voids and solves the ``coincidence'' problem.
description: LaTex file, 16 pages, no figures. Typo corrections. References added and updated. Additional material and some conclusions changed. Replacement to match final published version in Journ. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP 2006
SAINT+: Integrating Temporal Features for EdNet Correctness Prediction
Creators: name: Shin, Dongmin
name: Shim, Yugeun
name: Yu, Hangyeol
name: Lee, Seewoo
name: Kim, Byungsoo
name: Choi, Youngduck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose SAINT+, a successor of SAINT which is a Transformer based knowledge tracing model that separately processes exercise information and student response information. Following the architecture of SAINT, SAINT+ has an encoder-decoder structure where the encoder applies self-attention layers to a stream of exercise embeddings, and the decoder alternately applies self-attention layers and encoder-decoder attention layers to streams of response embeddings and encoder output. Moreover, SAINT+ incorporates two temporal feature embeddings into the response embeddings: elapsed time, the time taken for a student to answer, and lag time, the time interval between adjacent learning activities. We empirically evaluate the effectiveness of SAINT+ on EdNet, the largest publicly available benchmark dataset in the education domain. Experimental results show that SAINT+ achieves state-of-the-art performance in knowledge tracing with an improvement of 1.25% in area under receiver operating characteristic curve compared to SAINT, the current state-of-the-art model in EdNet dataset.
description: LAK 2021
A Microscopic Theory of Softness in Supercooled Liquids
Creators: name: Nandi, Manoj Kumar
name: Bhattacharyya, Sarika Maitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new measure of the structure of a liquid which is the softness of the mean-field potential developed by us earlier. We find that this softness is sensitive to small changes in the structure. We then study its correlation with the supercooled liquid dynamics. The study involves a wide range of liquids (fragile, strong, attractive, repulsive, and active) and predicts some universal behaviours like the softness is linearly proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the activation barrier of the dynamics with system dependent proportionality constants. We write down a master equation between the dynamics and the softness parameter and show that indeed the dynamics when scaled by the temperature and system dependent parameters show a data collapse when plotted against softness. The dynamics of fragile liquids show a strong softness dependence whereas that of strong liquids show a much weaker softness dependence. We also connect the present study with the earlier studies of softness involving machine learning (ML) thus providing a theoretical framework for understanding the ML results.
ETHNICITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Inayatullah, Naeem
name: Inayatullah, Naeem
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: International Development
Labor and Human Capital

description: Ethnic regionalism may be the most powerful force in Asia today. Yet ethnic boundaries are not plotted on maps and neither are they taken into consideration in most economic analysis. The problem is a serious one and wide. What makes ethnicity such a strong force? If it is such a strong force, it must effect national goals such as integration and "development". How are these goals affected by ethnicity? This was one line of questioning out of which this paper has emerged. There was another aimed at a different direction but ending at the same place. What is development? How do countries develop? What factors help and what factors hinder development? This paper attempts to answer all the above questions and, hence, the topic of this paper is the relationship between ethnicity and development. There are six sections to this paper. Section I attempts answers to the following questions: What is ethnicity and why is it important? Section II is a brief look at modernization theory and how it relates to "national integration" and "ethnicity". These ideas are criticized and rejected. Section III is a look at the concepts of a "cultural division of labor" and "internal colonialism". These concepts we applied to the case of Pakistan in Section IV. External forces affecting ethnicity with reference to Pakistan are examined in Section V. Section VI explores the debate of whether a country should pursue policies which aim to integrate its economy with the world economy or whether inward-looking policies aimed at self-reliance should be followed. The conclusion attempts to redefine development with reference to ethnicity.
What was the river Ister in the time of Strabo? A mathematical approach
Creators: name: Mikula, Karol
name: Ambroz, Martin
name: Mokosova, Renata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce a novel method for map registration and apply it to transformation of the river Ister from Strabo's map of the World to the current map in the World Geodetic System. This transformation leads to the surprising but convincing result that Strabo's river Ister best coincides with the nowadays Tauernbach-Isel-Drava-Danube course and not with the Danube river what is commonly assumed. Such a result is supported by carefully designed mathematical measurements and it resolves all related controversies otherwise appearing in understanding and translation of Strabo's original text. Based on this result we also show that {\it Strabo's Suevi in the Hercynian Forest} corresponds to the Slavic people in the Carpathian-Alpine basin and thus that the compact Slavic settlement was there already at the beginning of the first millennium AD.
AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF TRAINING: A CASE STUDY OF THE MALAWIAN AND TANZANIAN BEAN/COWPEA COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAMS
Creators: name: Howes, Teresa Jean
name: Howes, Teresa Jean
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The Bean/Cowpea collaborative research support program (CRSP) was established to address the problems of hunger and malnutrition in Africa and Latin America by increasing smallholder production of beans and cowpeas, major subsistence crops. This was to be accomplished by developing and testing improved technologies and enhancing the abilities of developing country scientists to solve problems related to bean and cowpea production and use. A major accomplishment of the CRSP has been to increase agricultural scientific research and training capacity. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the training component of the Malawi and Tanzania Bean/Cowpea CRSP's. The evaluation examines the impacts of training on the individual research scientists, on building scientific capacity, on upgrading the bean research programs, and on strengthening institutional linkages, with emphasis on the last two issues.
New Regulators for Quantum Field Theories with Compactified Extra Dimensions. II: Ultraviolet Finiteness and Effective Field Theory Implementation
Creators: name: Bauman, Sky
name: Dienes, Keith R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous companion paper [arXiv:0712.3532], we proposed two new regulators for quantum field theories in spacetimes with compactified extra dimensions. Unlike most other regulators which have been used in the extra-dimension literature, these regulators are specifically designed to respect the original higher-dimensional Lorentz and gauge symmetries that exist prior to compactification, and not merely the four-dimensional symmetries which remain afterward. In this paper, we use these regulators in order to develop a method for extracting ultraviolet-finite results from one-loop calculations. This method also allows us to derive Wilsonian effective field theories for Kaluza-Klein modes at different energy scales. Our method operates by ensuring that divergent corrections to parameters describing the physics of the excited Kaluza-Klein modes are absorbed into the corresponding parameters for zero modes, thereby eliminating the need to introduce independent counterterms for parameters characterizing different Kaluza-Klein modes. Our effective field theories can therefore simplify calculations involving Kaluza-Klein modes, and be compared directly to potential experimental results emerging from collider data.
description: 24 pages, LaTeX, 1 figure
ANALYSIS OF THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY FUNCTION OF WHEAT IN SAUDI ARABIA PROJECTION OF SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION THROUGH 1985
Creators: name: Khalid, Al-Hamoudi
name: Khalid, Al-Hamoudi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis

description: With the recent rapid increase in urbanization, wealth, and foreign technicians and labor in Saudi Arabia, wheat is becoming an important diet staple. A sufficient wheat supply and stabilization of its price are vital to the society. Yet because of industrial development and economic growth, the total area used for wheat production in Saudi Arabia dropped from 125,000 hectares in 1972 to 45,000 hectares in 1973. Consequently, the Kingdom has become increasingly dependent on imported wheat. The objectives of this study are to: 1) select appropriate variables to establish an estimated supply equation; 2) select appropriate variables to establish an estimated demand equation and 3) apply these two estimated equations to make demand and supply projections.
Coproduction of hydrogen and lactic acid from glucose photocatalysis on band-engineered Zn1-xCdxS homojunction
Creators: name: Kumar, Pawan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 30601 Catalysis and Mechanisms of Reactions
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Environmental Chemistry
subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: 30306 Synthesis of Materials
subject: 30307 Theory and Design of Materials
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry

description: Photocatalytic transformation of biomass into value-added chemicals coupled with co-production of hydrogen provides an explicit route to trap sunlight into the chemical bonds. Here, we demonstrate a rational design of Zn1-xCdxS solid solution homojunction photocatalyst with a pseudo-periodic cubic zinc blende (ZB) and hexagonal wurtzite (WZ) structure for efficient glucose conversion to simultaneously produce hydrogen and lactic acid. The optimized Zn0.6Cd0.4S catalyst consists of a twinning superlattice, has a tuned bandgap, and displays excellent efficiency with respect to hydrogen generation (690 ± 27.6 μmol·h−1·gcat.−1), glucose conversion (~90%), and lactic acid selectivity (~87%) without any co-catalyst under visible light irradiation. The periodic WZ/ZB phase in twinning superlattice facilitates better charge separation, while superoxide radical (⋅O2-) and photogenerated holes drive the glucose transformation and water oxidation reactions, respectively. This work demonstrates that rational photocatalyst design could realize an efficient and concomitant production of hydrogen and value-added chemicals from glucose photocatalysis.
The identification and natural clonal variation of important wood extractives in populus tremuloides
Creators: name: Fernandez, Marc Phillip
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A rapid method for the detailed compositional analysis (70 compounds) of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) wood extractives was developed to monitor the differences in these extractives between natural aspen clones. The method involves the removal of increment cores from standing trees, soxhlet extraction of the sampled wood with acetone, and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the resultant extractives. Additionally, preparative chromatographic techniques were developed and employed in order to elucidate the identity of various steryl esters that co-eluted with other components and did not provide characteristic mass spectra by GC-MS. Furthermore, comparisons between high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and GC-MS were made on the basis of suitability for the analysis of high molecular weight and industrially problematic steryl esters. Genetic variation in aspen wood extractives that potentially impact on the utilization of this species for pulp and paper was sought using natural clone tests. Significant (95% confidence) interclonal variation in several wood extractives was found by analysis of variance in the extractives data from nine natural clones. The interclonal variation of biosynthetically related groups was similar, and thus, the total amounts of these groups showed more significant interclonal variation than the individual components. Significant clonal differences were found in the sterols / triterpenes, steryl esters / waxes and triglycerides which are all known pitch culprits in pulp and paper making. Also, extractive compounds known to exhibit toxic effects in aquatic organisms, showed significant differences between natural aspen clones. However, in some cases (ie flavonoids) these compounds formed a part of the defense system in the living tree and thus, were affected by the presence of wood decay measured in the 10mm cores. This decay affected the levels of various phenolic extractives in this study and thus, increased the intraclonal variance such that interclonal differences in these phenolics were not significant. The assessment of bound (glycoside) salicylic acid and its precursors, benzoic acid and o-coumaric acid, as a measure of decay resistance, was found to be affected by the presence of decay and thus, was not possible in mature aspen stands where decay is prevalent.
Angular dependence of the magnetization reversal in exchange biased Fe/MnF2
Creators: name: Arenholz, Elke
name: Liu, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed study of exchange-biased Fe/MnF2 bilayers using magneto-optical Kerr Effect shows that the magnetization reversal occurs almost fully through domain wall nucleation and propagation for external fields parallel to the exchange bias direction. For finite angles phi between bias and external field the magnetization is aligned perpendicular to the field cooling direction for a limited field range for decreasing fields. For external fields perpendicular to the bias direction the magnetization aligns with the field cooling direction for descending and ascending fields before fully reversing. The field range for which the magnetization is close to perpendicular to the external field can be estimated using a simple effective field model.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, to appear in APL
THE EVOLUTION OF LEGAL INSTITUTIONS WITHOUT EFFICIENCY: THE CASE OF ZONING
Creators: name: Walker, William D.
name: Walker, William D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Land Economics/Use

description: This paper argues that law and economics has not come to grips with Arrow's limitation on social welfare economics nor with the evolutionary character of economic and legal institutions. Arrow's theorem makes the concept of a socially efficient economic institution dependent on a prior allocation of property rights. A socially efficient result is efficient only within the bounds of the initial allocation of property rights. A differing initial allocation would have resulted in a different efficient result. The participants in economic and legal systems are aware of this fact. They see that their positions can be improved both by market trades and by adjustments to property rights. This fact is the engine by which evolutionary law and economic change occurs. Furthermore, evolutionary law and economics has not recognized the fundamentally complex nature of evolution. Contrary to early arguments in law and economics, institutions do not evolve toward efficiency. They do not evolve toward a single point of any kind. Instead, they evolve in a complex and partially unpredictable way; driven by the actions of numerous participants and subject to path dependency and other evolutionary phenomena. The ideas that legal institutions form in an evolutionary manner and that social efficiency is a weak concept have been well-argued in the literature (for reviews see Barry 1991, Samuels 1991). However, the modern development of evolutionary economics has provided tools and metaphors that can strengthen the presentation (Roe 1996). 1 have chosen zoning as my illustration in part because of the numerous attempts by economists to analyze its efficiency and in part because it provides a compelling illustration of the evolutionary view. This paper first discusses welfare economics and Arrow's theorem. It argues that the persistent focus on social efficiency is misguided and misleading. It is misguided because of its ignorance of the allocation issue; misleading because of its willingness to voice policy conclusions. The paper goes on to discuss evolutionary thought as an alternative to the traditional view. Finally, the paper recounts the development of zoning law as an illustration of the evolutionary phenomena that aggregate welfare economics overlooks. Zoning is a central element of land use control in the United States. Virtually every city and town in the U.S. has a zoning ordinance. The major exception is Houston, the residents of which repeatedly defeat proposals for zoning.
Large field-like torque in amorphous Ru2Sn3 originated from the intrinsic spin Hall effect
Creators: name: Peterson, Thomas J.
name: DC, Mahendra
name: Fan, Yihong
name: Chen, Junyang
name: Zhang, Delin
name: Li, Hongshi
name: Swatek, Przemyslaw
name: Garcia-Barriocanal, Javier
name: Wang, Jian-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated temperature dependent current driven spin-orbit torques in magnetron sputtered Ru2Sn3 (4 and 10 nm) /Co20Fe60B20 (5 nm) layered structures with in-plane magnetic anisotropy. The room temperature damping-like and field-like spin torque efficiencies of the amorphous Ru2Sn3 films were measured to be 0.14 +- 0.008 (0.07 +- 0.012) and -0.03 +- 0.006 (-0.20 +- 0.009), for the 4 (10 nm) films respectively, by utilizing the second harmonic Hall technique. The large field-like torque in the relatively thicker Ru2Sn3 (10 nm) thin film is unique compared to the traditional spin Hall materials interfaced with thick magnetic layers with in-plane magnetic anisotropy which typically have dominant damping-like and negligible field-like torques. Additionally, the observed room temperature field-like torque efficiency in Ru2Sn3 (10 nm)/CoFeB (5 nm) is up to three times larger than the damping-like torque (-0.20 +- 0.009 and 0.07 +- 0.012, respectively) and thirty times larger at 50 K (-0.29 +- 0.014 and 0.009 +- 0.017, respectively). The temperature dependence of the field-like torques show dominant contributions from the intrinsic spin Hall effect while the damping-like torques show dominate contributions from the extrinsic spin Hall effects, skew scattering and side jump. Through macro-spin calculations, we found that including field-like torques on the order or larger than the damping-like torque can reduce the switching critical current and decrease magnetization procession for a perpendicular ferromagnetic layer.
description: Submitted to Physical Review Materials
Barot, Madeleine (hrsg.): Des eglises d'occident face aux exportations d'armes (1973-1978)
Creators: name: Grohs, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 29 Nr. 1 (1980): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 29, Heft 1
EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY: A STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Kelsey, Timothy W.
name: Kelsey, Timothy W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: Economists evaluating policies frequently split the measurement of effects into two elements: efficiency, and the distribution of income. Traditional economic theory has focused primarily upon efficiency, under the assumption that efficiency alone avoids subjective judgments. Considerations of distribution, based on equity and involving subjectivity, are eschewed because of their normative nature. Efficiency is regarded as an objective function, as a mere description of observable reality which can be scientifically tested. It is perceived as existing in and of itself, unaffected by subjective sensibilities. Equity, in contrast, "has to do with justified or justifiable distributions of rights and privileges among people. An equitable distribution need not give everyone the same rights and privileges but it must be justified in some sense-legally, morally, by custom, by practicality or on some other basis." There are two perspectives on the relationship of efficiency and equity. One believes there is a tradeoff, while the other believes that any such tradeoff, if it exists, is too complex to discuss so haphazardly. Many economists in the United States believe that efficiency and equity are mutually exclusive, where increases in one are bought only at the expense of the other. The second view towards efficiency and equity believes that efficiency and equity are mutually determined. This paper argues that the second perspective is more accurate. Given the complexities and the normative nature of both efficiency and equity, it further argues that standard economic analysis must be changed to explicitly incorporate value judgments.
Observation of dynamic localization in periodically-curved waveguide arrays
Creators: name: Longhi, S.
name: Marangoni, M.
name: Lobino, M.
name: Ramponi, R.
name: Laporta, P.
name: Cianci, E.
name: Foglietti, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a direct experimental observation of dynamic localization (DL) of light in sinusoidally-curved Lithium-Niobate waveguide arrays which provides the optical analog of DL for electrons in periodic potentials subjected to ac electric fields as originally proposed by Dunlap and Kenkre [D.H. Dunlap and V.M. Kenkre, Phys. Rev. B 34, 3625 (1986)]. The theoretical condition for DL in a sinusoidal field is experimentally demonstrated.
description: 6 figures
Physics prospects with the second oscillation maximum at Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
Creators: name: Rout, Jogesh
name: Shafaq, Sheeba
name: Bishai, Mary
name: Mehta, Poonam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current long-baseline neutrino-oscillation experiments such as NO$ν$A and T2K are mainly sensitive to physics in the neighbourhood of the first oscillation maximum of the $ν_μ\to ν_e$ oscillation probability. The future Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) utilizes a wide-band beam tune optimized for CP violation sensitivity that fully covers the region of the first maxima and part of the second. In the present study, we elucidate the role of second oscillation maximum in addressing issues pertaining to unknowns in the standard three flavour paradigm. We consider a new DUNE beam tune optimized for coverage of the region of the second oscillation maxima which could be realized using proposed accelerator upgrades that provide multi-MW of power at proton energies of 8 GeV. We find that addition of the multi-MW 8 GeV beam to DUNE wide-band running leads to modest improvement in sensitivity to CP violation, mass hierarchy, the octant of $θ_{23}$ as well as the resolution of $δ$ and the Jarlskog invariant. Significant improvements to the DUNE neutrino energy resolution yield a much larger improvement in performance. We conclude that the standard DUNE wide-band beam when coupled with excellent detector resolution capabilities is sufficient to resolve $δ$ to better than $\sim 12^\circ$ for all values of $δ$ in a decade of running. For second maxima (8 GeV 3MW) beam running concurrently with the standard wide-band (80 GeV 2.2 MW) beam for 5 of the 10 years, it is found that $δ$ can be further resolved better than $\sim 10^\circ$ for all values of $δ$.
description: to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Migration, Unemployment and Net Benefits of Inbound Tourism in a Developing Country
Creators: name: Sahli, Mondher
name: Nowak, Jean-Jacques
name: Sahli, Mondher
name: Nowak, Jean-Jacques
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: International tourism is increasingly viewed as one of the best opportunities for a sustainable economic and social development of developing countries. There is also an increasing concern from public policy makers as to whether mass tourism coastal resorts can play a catalytic role in the overall economic development and improve the real income of their community. In this paper, we present a general equilibrium model which explicitly takes into consideration specific features of some developing countries (e.g. coastal tourism, dual labour market, unemployment, migrations, competition between agriculture and tourism for land) to analyse the ways by which an inbound tourism boom affects this kind of country, in particular its real income. We define the conditions under which an inbound tourism boom makes developing countries residents worse off.