cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Disentangling galaxy environment and host halo mass
Creators: name: Haas, Marcel R.
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Jeeson-Daniel, Akila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] The properties of observed galaxies and dark matter haloes in simulations depend on their environment. The term environment has been used to describe a wide variety of measures that may or may not correlate with each other. Popular measures of environment include the distance to the N'th nearest neighbour, the number density of objects within some distance, or the mass of the host dark matter halo. We use results from the Millennium simulation and a semi-analytic model for galaxy formation to quantify the relations between environment and halo mass. We show that the environmental parameters used in the observational literature are in effect measures of halo mass, even if they are measured for a fixed stellar mass. The strongest correlation between environment and halo mass arises when the number of objects is counted out to a distance of 1.5-2 times the virial radius of the host halo and when the galaxies/haloes are required to be relatively bright/massive. For observational studies the virial radius is not easily determined, but the number of neighbours out to 1-2 Mpc/h gives a similarly strong correlation. For the distance to the N'th nearest neighbour the correlation with halo mass is nearly as strong provided N>2. We demonstrate that this environmental parameter becomes insensitive to halo mass if it is constructed from dimensionless quantities. This can be achieved by scaling the minimum luminosity/mass of neighbours to that of the object in question and by dividing the distance to a length scale associated with either the neighbour or the galaxy under consideration. We show how such a halo mass independent environmental parameter can be defined for observational and numerical studies. The results presented here will help future studies to disentangle the effects of halo mass and external environment on the properties of galaxies and dark matter haloes.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. Accepted by MNRAS
Defects in G/H coset, G/G topological field theory and discrete Fourier-Mukai transform
Creators: name: Sarkissian, Gor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we construct defects in coset $G/H$ theory. Canonical quantization of the gauged WZW model $G/H$ with $N$ defects on a cylinder and a strip is performed and the symplectomorphisms between the corresponding phase spaces and those of double Chern-Simons theory on an annulus and a disc with Wilson lines are established. Special attention to topological coset $G/G$ has been paid. We prove that a $G/G$ theory on a cylinder with $N$ defects coincides with Chern-Simons theory on a torus times the time-line $R$ with 2N Wilson lines. We have shown also that a $G/G$ theory on a strip with $N$ defects coincides with Chern-Simons theory on a sphere times the time-line $R$ with $2N+4$ Wilson lines. This particular example of topological field theory enables us to penetrate into a general picture of defects in semisimple 2D topological field theory. We conjecture that defects in this case described by a 2-category of matrices of vector spaces and that the action of defects on boundary states is given by the discrete Fourier-Mukai transform.
description: 29 pages, minor typos corrected, an appendix added, references added
"We don’t treat your kind": Assessing HIV health needs holistically among transgender people in Jackson, Mississippi
Creators: name: Perez-Brumer, Amaya
name: Nunn, Amy
name: Hsiang, Elaine
name: Oldenburg, Catherine
name: Bender, Melverta
name: Beauchamps, Laura
name: Mena, Leandro
name: MacCarthy, Sarah
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Transgender people
Sexual health
HIV infections
Medical care
Sex discrimination
Social medicine

description: HIV disproportionately impacts transgender communities and the majority of new infections occur in the Southern United States. Yet, limited data exists on contextual realities of HIV vulnerability and healthcare needs among transgender individuals in the Deep South. Addressing this gap in the literature, we assess the health needs, including barriers and facilitators to accessing healthcare, including and beyond HIV, from the perspective of transgender men and women in Mississippi. Between June-August 2014, in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews (n = 14) were conducted with adult transgender persons at an LGBT healthcare setting in Jackson, Mississippi. In-depth interviews lasted between 60–90 minutes and followed semi-structured format (themes probed: HIV vulnerability, healthcare needs, and availability of gender-affirming medical care). Audio files were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Dedoose (v.6.1.18). Among participants (mean age = 23.3 years, standard deviation = 4.98), 43% identified as a transgender man or on a transmasculine spectrum, 43% as Black, and 21% self-reported living with HIV. HIV-related services were frequently described as the primary gateway to accessing healthcare needs. Nonetheless, participants’ primary health concerns were: gender affirmation processes (hormones, silicone, binding/packing); mental health; and drug/alcohol use. Stigma and discrimination were commonly reported in healthcare settings and health-related information was primarily attained through social networks and online resources. Results highlight gender identity alongside race and pervasive marginalization as key social determinants of transgender health in Mississippi. As Mississippi is one of several states actively debating transgender access to public accommodations, findings underscore the need to treat transgender health as a holistic and multidimensional construct, including, but moving beyond, HIV prevention and care.
Resolution of a bent‐crystal spectrometer for X‐ray free‐electron laser pulses: diamond versus silicon
Creators: name: Kaganer, Vladimir M.
name: Petrov, Ilia
name: Samoylova, Liubov
Publisher: name: International Union of Crystallography
Year: 2021

description: The resolution function of a spectrometer based on a strongly bent single crystal (bending radius of 10 cm or less) is evaluated. It is shown that the resolution is controlled by two parameters: (i) the ratio of the lattice spacing of the chosen reflection to the crystal thickness and (ii) a single parameter comprising crystal thickness, its bending radius, distance to a detector, and anisotropic elastic constants of the chosen crystal. The results allow the optimization of the parameters of bent‐crystal spectrometers for the hard X‐ray free‐electron laser sources.
description: The resolution function of a bent‐crystal spectrometer for pulses of an X‐ray free‐electron laser is evaluated. Under appropriate conditions, the energy resolution reaches the ratio of the lattice spacing to the crystal thickness. image
Typhlodromips theobromae Souza, Oliveira & Gondim Jr. 2010
Creators: name: Argolo, Poliane Sá
name: Vital Santos, Renata M.
name: Leão Bittencourt, Maria A.
name: Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C.
name: De Moraes, Gilberto J.
name: Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromips
Typhlodromips theobromae

description: Typhlodromips theobromae Souza, Oliveira & Gondim Jr., 2010
 Typhlodromips theobromae Souza et al., 2010: 49.
 Records in Bahia: Souza et al., 2010: 49, 2015: 104; present study.
description: Published as part of Argolo, Poliane Sá, Vital Santos, Renata M., Leão Bittencourt, Maria A., Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C., De Moraes, Gilberto J. & Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan, 2017, Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with tropical ornamental plants, with a checklist and a key to the species of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 345-364 in Zootaxa 4258 (4) on page 355, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/570106
Measurement of the Electric Current in a Kpc-Scale Jet
Creators: name: Kronberg, Philipp P.
name: Lovelace, Richard V. E.
name: Lapenta, Giovanni
name: Colgate, Stirling A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present radio emission, polarization, and Faraday rotation maps of the radio jet of the galaxy 3C303. From this data we derive the magnetoplasma and electrodynamic parameters of this 50 kpc long jet. For a {$\sim 2$} kpc segment of this jet we obtain for the first time a direct determination of a {\it galactic}-scale electric current ($\sim 3 \times 10^{18}$ A), and its direction $-$ {\it positive} away from the AGN. Our analysis strongly supports a model where the jet energy flow is mainly electromagnetic.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Published in ApJLetters v741, L15, November 2011
Impact of increasing carbon dioxide on dinitrogen and carbon fixation rates under oligotrophic conditions and simulated upwelling
Creators: name: Singh, Arvind
name: Bach, Lennart T.
name: Löscher, Carolin R.
name: Paul, Allanah J.
name: Ojha, Narendra
name: Riebesell, Ulf
Publisher: name: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Year: 2021

description: Dinitrogen (N2) fixation is a major source of bioavailable nitrogen to oligotrophic ocean communities. Yet, we have limited understanding how ongoing climate change could alter N2 fixation. Most of our understanding is based on short‐term laboratory experiments conducted on individual N2‐fixing species whereas community‐level approaches are rare. In this longer‐term in situ mesocosm study, we aimed to improve our understanding on the role of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and simulated deep water upwelling on N2 and carbon (C) fixation rates in a natural oligotrophic plankton community. We deployed nine mesocosms in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean and enriched seven of these with CO2 to yield a range of treatments (partial pressure of CO2, pCO2 = 352–1025 μatm). We measured rates of N2 and C fixation in both light and dark incubations over the 55‐day study period. High pCO2 negatively impacted light and dark N2 fixation rates in the oligotrophic phase before simulated upwelling, while the effect reversed in the light N2 fixation rates in the bloom decay phase after added nutrients were consumed. Dust deposition and simulated upwelling of nutrient‐rich deep water increased N2 fixation rates and nifH gene abundances of selected clades including the unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium clade UCYN‐B. Elevated pCO2 increased C fixation rates in the decay phase. We conclude that elevated pCO2 and pulses of upwelling have pronounced effects on diazotrophy and primary producers, and upwelling and dust deposition modify the pCO2 effect in natural assemblages.
description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
description: Exzellenzcluster Ozean der Zukunft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010783
description: H2020 Environment http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010681
description: Villum Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008398
description: Horizon 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661
description: Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005930
description: Federal Ministry of Education and Research http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
Head-on collisions of binary white dwarf--neutron stars: Simulations in full general relativity
Creators: name: Paschalidis, Vasileios
name: Etienne, Zachariah
name: Liu, Yuk Tung
name: Shapiro, Stuart L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulate head-on collisions from rest at large separation of binary white dwarf -- neutron stars (WDNSs) in full general relativity. Our study serves as a prelude to our analysis of the circular binary WDNS problem. We focus on compact binaries whose total mass exceeds the maximum mass that a cold degenerate star can support, and our goal is to determine the fate of such systems. A fully general relativistic hydrodynamic computation of a realistic WDNS head-on collision is prohibitive due to the large range of dynamical time scales and length scales involved. For this reason, we construct an equation of state (EOS) which captures the main physical features of NSs while, at the same time, scales down the size of WDs. We call these scaled-down WD models "pseudo-WDs (pWDs)". Using pWDs, we can study these systems via a sequence of simulations where the size of the pWD gradually increases toward the realistic case. We perform two sets of simulations; One set studies the effects of the NS mass on the final outcome, when the pWD is kept fixed. The other set studies the effect of the pWD compaction on the final outcome, when the pWD mass and the NS are kept fixed. All simulations show that 14%-18% of the initial total rest mass escapes to infinity. All remnant masses still exceed the maximum rest mass that our cold EOS can support (1.92 solar masses), but no case leads to prompt collapse to a black hole. This outcome arises because the final configurations are hot. All cases settle into spherical, quasiequilibrium configurations consisting of a cold NS core surrounded by a hot mantle, resembling Thorne-Zytkow objects. Extrapolating our results to realistic WD compactions, we predict that the likely outcome of a head-on collision of a realistic, massive WDNS system will be the formation of a quasiequilibrium Thorne-Zytkow-like object.
description: 24 pages, 14 figures, matches PRD published version, tests of HRSC schemes with piecewise polytropes added
Implications for constrained supersymmetry of combined H.E.S.S. observations of dwarf galaxies, the Galactic halo and the Galactic Centre
Creators: name: Ripken, Joachim
name: Conrad, Jan
name: Scott, Pat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to place limits on dark matter (DM) properties using $γ$-ray observations, previous analyses have often assumed a very simple parametrisation of the $γ$-ray annihilation yield; typically, it has been assumed that annihilation proceeds through a single channel only. In realistic DM models, annihilation may occur into many different final states, making this quite a rough ansatz. With additional processes like virtual internal bremsstrahlung and final state radiation, this ansatz becomes even more incorrect, and the need for scans of explicit model parameter spaces becomes clear. Here we present scans of the parameter space of the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (CMSSM), considering $γ$-ray spectra from three dwarf galaxies, the Galactic Centre region and the broader Galactic halo, as obtained with the High-Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). We present a series of likelihood scans combining the H.E.S.S. data with other experimental results. We show that observations of the Sagittarius, Carina and Sculptor dwarf galaxies disfavour the coannihilation region of the CMSSM and models with large annihilation cross-sections. This is true even under reasonable assumptions about the DM density profiles, and constitutes the strongest constraint to date on coannihilation models within the CMSSM. The Galactic halo has a similar, but weaker, effect. The Galactic Centre search is complicated by a strong (unknown) $γ$-ray source, and we see no effect on the CMSSM parameter space when assuming a realistic Galactic Centre DM density profile.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures Major changes: added H.E.S.S. results on halo and two additional dwarf galaxies, title, abstract and text changed accordingly
Becoming Dr. Mom
Creators: name: Ameriks, Yoko
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Motherhood
Universities and colleges--Graduate work
Degrees, Academic

description: Being a parent while going through a graduate program is not an easy task. I certainly could not have finished my doctorate on my own. I had an understanding advisor, a helpful husband, and supportive classmates. There were many times I just wanted to give up, but they were the ones who encouraged me to keep going. I am not an expert on being a parent or a student, but here are some of the things I learned as I tried to balance graduate work and family obligations.
Efficient control of accelerator maps
Creators: name: Boreux, Jehan
name: Carletti, Timoteo
name: Skokos, Charalampos
name: Papaphilippou, Yannis
name: Vittot, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the Hamiltonian Control Theory was used in [Boreux et al.] to increase the dynamic aperture of a ring particle accelerator having a localized thin sextupole magnet. In this letter, these results are extended by proving that a simplified version of the obtained general control term leads to significant improvements of the dynamic aperture of the uncontrolled model. In addition, the dynamics of flat beams based on the same accelerator model can be significantly improved by a reduced controlled term applied in only 1 degree of freedom.
Trump and Globalization
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Economics
Globalization
Protectionism
International economic relations
Economic policy

description: For almost three quarters of a century, the US had led the world into a rules-based system of trade-globalization, culminating in the creation of the WTO in 1995 and a rash of subsequent bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. Trump thus proposed a major change to US international economic policy. This paper assesses the extent to which, more than one year on, he has fulfilled those promises, and describes the likely consequences of what has happened. The central thesis of the paper is that it is fortunate that Trump has largely failed to deliver on what he has promised; these failures are in part based on a flawed understanding of the determinants of trade deficits, including the role of trade agreements, and on the political economy of trade agreements themselves. The likelihood is that over time, Trump will continue to move the US towards a more protectionist stance. While the chances are small that he will succeed in any major revision of, say, NAFTA or the WTO—beyond an updating of these agreements, such as by making them more relevant for the 21st century by including provisions related to the digital economy—there are some chances of nightmare scenarios where Trump pulls the US out of NAFTA. In virtually all likely scenarios, the trade deficit will increase and American workers, including those who had been adversely affected by globalization and turned to Trump in desperation, will be worse off. Moreover, while he has by and large failed to deliver (so far) on his campaign promises, there are likely to be significant adverse effects of what he has already done, both to the global trade regime and to US geo-political interests. Section 1 explains the major “accomplishments” to date, including the state of play of some of the trade negotiations. Section 2 identifies flaws in understandings of international trade that underlay Trump’s failures. Section 3 explains why Trump is unlikely to succeed in meaningful renegotiations of US trade relations. Section 4 argues that Trump policies are likely to lead to increased trade deficits and shows that, more broadly, his policies, to the extent that they are successful, are likely to lead to decreased competitivity of the US and a lowering of standards of living. Section 5 discusses the global response to America’s new protectionism, the likely impact on US economic and geo-political interests, and the long-run impact of Trump’s policy on the global international economic order.
Kinetic Path Summation, Multi--Sheeted Extension of Master Equation, and Evaluation of Ergodicity Coefficient
Creators: name: Gorban, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Master equation with time--dependent coefficients, a linear kinetic equation for the Markov chains or for the monomolecular chemical kinetics. For the solution of this equation a path summation formula is proved. This formula represents the solution as a sum of solutions for simple kinetic schemes (kinetic paths), which are available in explicit analytical form. The relaxation rate is studied and a family of estimates for the relaxation time and the ergodicity coefficient is developed. To calculate the estimates we introduce the multi--sheeted extensions of the initial kinetics. This approach allows us to exploit the internal ("micro")structure of the extended kinetics without perturbation of the base kinetics.
description: The final journal version
Magnetic Field and Flavor Effects on the Gamma-Ray Burst Neutrino Flux
Creators: name: Baerwald, Philipp
name: Hümmer, Svenja
name: Winter, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reanalyze the prompt muon neutrino flux from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), at the example of the often used reference Waxman-Bahcall GRB flux, in terms of the particle physics involved. We first reproduce this reference flux treating synchrotron energy losses of the secondary pions explicitly. Then we include additional neutrino production modes, the neutrinos from muon decays, the magnetic field effects on all secondary species, and flavor mixing with the current parameter uncertainties. We demonstrate that the combination of these effects modifies the shape of the original Waxman-Bahcall GRB flux significantly, and changes the normalization by a factor of three to four. As a consequence, the gamma-ray burst search strategy of neutrino telescopes may be based on the wrong flux shape, and the constraints derived for the GRB neutrino flux, such as the baryonic loading, may in fact be already much stronger than anticipated.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Minor clarifications. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
The Theory of Credit and Macroeconomic Stability
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Economics
Macroeconomics
Monetary policy
Credit

description: In the aftermath of the Great Recession, there is a growing consensus, even among central bank officials, concerning the limitations of monetary policy. This paper provides an explanation for the ineffectiveness of monetary policy, and in doing so provides a new framework for thinking about monetary policy and macro-economic activity. What matters is not so much the money supply or the T-bill interest rate, but the availability of credit, and the terms at which credit is made available. The latter variables may not move in tandem with the former. In particular, the spread between the T bill rate and the lending rate may increase, so even as the T bill rate decreases, the lending rate increases. An increase in credit availability may not lead to more spending on produced goods, but increased prices for land or other fixed assets; it can go to increased margins associated with increases in speculative activity; or it may go to spending abroad rather than at home. The paper explains the inadequacy of theories based on the zero low bound, and argues that the ineffectiveness of monetary policy is more related to the multiple alternative uses—beyond the purchase of domestically produced goods—of additional liquidity and to its adverse distributional consequences. The paper shows that while monetary policy is less effective than has been widely presumed, it is also more distortionary, identifying several distinct distortions.
Tutorial: Data-driven text simplification
Creators: name: Saggion, Horacio
name: Štajner, Sanja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Natural Language Processing
Text Simplification

description: Updated version of tutorial

Sanja Štajner, Horacio Saggion. Data-Driven Text Simplification. Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics.

presented on March 13th 2019 at the Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, in the context of the María de Maeztu data-driven knowledge extraction strategic research program (MDM-2015-0502). https://www.upf.edu/web/mdm-dtic/tutorial-data-driven-text-simplification

In this tutorial, we aim to provide an extensive overview of automatic text simplification systems proposed so far, the methods they used and discuss the strengths and shortcomings of each of them, providing direct comparison of their outputs. We aim to break some common misconceptions about what text simplification is and what it is not, and how much it has in common with text summarisation and machine translation. We believe that deeper understanding of initial motivations, and an in-depth analysis of existing TS methods would help researchers new to ATS propose even better systems, bringing fresh ideas from other related NLP areas. We will describe and explain all the most influential methods used for automatic simplification of texts so far, with the emphasis on their strengths and weaknesses noticed in a direct comparison of systems outputs. We will present all the existing resources for TS for various languages, including parallel manually produced TS corpora, comparable automatically aligned TS corpora, paraphrase- and synonym- resources, TS-specific sentence-alignment tools, and several TS evaluation resources. Finally, we will discuss the existing evaluation methodologies for TS, and necessary conditions for using each of them.
description: Tutorial presentation partially funded under the María de Maeztu Strategic Research Program on data-driven knowledge extraction at the Department of Information and Communication Technologies, UPF (MDM-2015-0502)
Fidelity matters: the birth of entanglement in the interference of Gaussian states
Creators: name: Olivares, Stefano
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the interaction of two Gaussian states interferring at a beam splitter and analyze the correlations exhibited by the resulting bipartite system. We demonstrate that nonlocal correlations (entanglement) arise if and only if the fidelity between the two input Gaussian states falls under a threshold value depending only on their purities and on the transmissivity of the beam splitter. Our result clarifies the role of squeezing as a prerequisite for entanglement and provide a tool to optimize the generation of entanglement by passive devices.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; revised version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Preface
Creators: name: Ocampo, Jose A.
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Economics
Public welfare
Welfare state
Welfare economics

description: Preface to "The Welfare State Revisited". The central thesis of the papers in this volume is that Draghi and those who argue similarly are wrong. Now, more than ever, there is a need for a welfare state. A stronger welfare state is part of the answer to Europe's problems, not the cause of them. Those countries in Europe with the strongest welfare states weathered the crisis better and have higher living standards. The development of welfare states is also essential for equitable development in middle- and low-income countries. Furthermore, it is critical to reverse the adverse domestic inequality trends that have been in place throughout the world since the last decades of the twentieth century.
Ratio of Isoscalar to Isovector Core Polarization for Magnetic Moments
Creators: name: Zamick, L.
name: Sharon, Y. Y.
name: Robinson, S. J. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In calculations of isoscalar magnetic moments of odd-odd N=Z nuclei it was found that for medium to heavy mass nuclei large scale shell model calculations yielded results which were very close to much simpler single j shell ones. To understand this we compare isoscalar and isovector configuration mixing in first order perturbation theory using a spin dependant delata interaction.The isoscalar corrections are much smaller
Markets, States and Institutions
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Economics
Income distribution
Separation of powers
Economic development
Financial institutions

description: The chapter describes both the evolution of thinking—from a single-minded focus on markets to a broader inclusion of institutions—and how even that broader perspective is excessively narrow and, too often, insufficiently nuanced. Markets do not operate in a vacuum; they need strong institutions including the state, interacting among themselves to create the right checks and balances. Market economies, left untampered, lead to forces that threaten their own survival. Too often they lead to greater inequality and injustice; erosion of trust; and weakening of the state. The institutional checks and balances that are so vital for the functioning of institutions and markets do not work when there is excessive inequality.
Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter III.5: Luscher corrections
Creators: name: Janik, Romuald A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In integrable quantum field theories the large volume spectrum is given by the Bethe Ansatz. The leading corrections, due to virtual particles circulating around the cylinder, are encoded in so-called Luscher corrections. In order to apply these techniques to the AdS/CFT correspondence one has to generalize these corrections to the case of generic dispersion relations and to multiparticle states. We review these various generalizations and the applications of Luscher's corrections to the study of the worldsheet QFT of the superstring in AdS5xS5 and, consequently, to anomalous dimensions of operators in N=4 SYM theory.
description: 18 pages, see also overview article arXiv:1012.3982, v2: references to other chapters updated, v3: references added; v4: various comments added, journal version
A quasi-particle description of $(2+1)$- flavor lattice QCD equation of state
Creators: name: Chandra, Vinod
name: Ravishankar, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quasi-particle model has been employed to describe the $(2+1)$-flavor lattice QCD equation of state with physical quark masses. The interaction part of the equation of state has been mapped to the effective fugacities of otherwise non-interacting quasi-gluons and quasi-quarks. The mapping is found to be exact for the equation of state. The model leads to non-trivial dispersion relations for quasi-partons. The dispersion relations, effective quasi-particle number densities, and trace anomaly have been investigated employing the model.A Virial expansion for the EOS has further been obtained to investigate the role of interactions in quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Finally, Debye screening in QGP has been studied employing the model.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, two column, version accepted in Phys. Rev. D
The number of intervals in the m-Tamari lattices
Creators: name: Bousquet-Mélou, Mireille
name: Fusy, Eric
name: Ratelle, Louis-François Préville
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An m-ballot path of size n is a path on the square grid consisting of north and east steps, starting at (0,0), ending at (mn,n), and never going below the line {x=my}. The set of these paths can be equipped with a lattice structure, called the m-Tamari lattice, which generalizes the usual Tamari lattice obtained when m=1. We prove that the number of intervals in this lattice is $$ \frac {m+1}{n(mn+1)} {(m+1)^2 n+m\choose n-1}. $$ This formula was recently conjectured by Bergeron in connection with the study of coinvariant spaces. The case m=1 was proved a few years ago by Chapoton. Our proof is based on a recursive description of intervals, which translates into a functional equation satisfied by the associated generating function. The solution of this equation is an algebraic series, obtained by a guess-and-check approach. Finding a bijective proof remains an open problem.
description: 19 pages
Crystallographic and superconducting properties of the fully-gapped noncentrosymmetric 5d-electron superconductors CaMSi3 (M=Ir, Pt)
Creators: name: Eguchi, G.
name: Peets, D. C.
name: Kriener, M.
name: Maeno, Y.
name: Nishibori, E.
name: Kumazawa, Y.
name: Banno, K.
name: Maki, S.
name: Sawa, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82D55 (Primary) 74N05 (Secondary)

description: We report crystallographic, specific heat, transport, and magnetic properties of the recently discovered noncentrosymmetric 5d-electron superconductors CaIrSi3 (Tc = 3.6 K) and CaPtSi3 (Tc = 2.3 K). The specific heat suggests that these superconductors are fully gapped. The upper critical fields are less than 1 T, consistent with limitation by conventional orbital depairing. High, non-Pauli-limited μ0 Hc2 values, often taken as a key signature of novel noncentrosymmetric physics, are not observed in these materials because the high carrier masses required to suppress orbital depairing and reveal the violated Pauli limit are not present.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Phytoseius cismontanus De Leon 1965
Creators: name: Argolo, Poliane Sá
name: Vital Santos, Renata M.
name: Leão Bittencourt, Maria A.
name: Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C.
name: De Moraes, Gilberto J.
name: Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Phytoseius
Phytoseius cismontanus

description: Phytoseius cismontanus De Leon, 1965
 Phytoseius (Pennaseius) cismontanus De Leon, 1965b: 18.
 Phytoseius cismontanus.––Moraes et al., 2004: 235; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 129. Record in Bahia: Phytoseius cismontanus.–– Fiaboe et al., 2007: 6.
description: Published as part of Argolo, Poliane Sá, Vital Santos, Renata M., Leão Bittencourt, Maria A., Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C., De Moraes, Gilberto J. & Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan, 2017, Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with tropical ornamental plants, with a checklist and a key to the species of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 345-364 in Zootaxa 4258 (4) on page 355, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/570106
Working with a Great Public Intellectual: Remembering Tony Atkinson
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Economics
Economists
Authors

description: It was with great sadness that on 1 January 2017, the world lost one of its greatest, and one of its kindest, economists – Anthony Barnes Atkinson. He was also one of the most devoted public intellectuals, giving his enormous talents and energies to creating a world with greater social justice – the motivating force behind his entering the economics profession. I first knew Tony in Cambridge in 1965-1966. He was in Churchill College with Frank Hahn, and I was a Fulbright Scholar finishing my PhD for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Frank arranged for me to do some tutorials for Tony. We quickly became friends and co-authors, working closely together as we each went from one side of the Atlantic to the other. I met Judith then too, whose warmth and intelligence provided a bond that was special. On my last visit to Oxford, a year ago, Judith, Tony, Anya (my wife) and I had a memorable walk through the woods and mud near their home, reminiscing over the years.
Observing Majorana bound states of Josephson vortices in topological superconductors
Creators: name: Grosfeld, Eytan
name: Stern, Ady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years there has been an intensive search for Majorana fermion states in condensed matter systems. Predicted to be localized on cores of vortices in certain non-conventional superconductors, their presence is known to render the exchange statistics of bulk vortices non-Abelian. Here we study the equations governing the dynamics of phase solitons (fluxons) in a long Josephson junction in a topological superconductor. We show that the fluxon will bind a localized zero energy Majorana mode and will consequently behave as a non-Abelian anyon. The low mass of the fluxon, as well as its experimentally observed quantum mechanical wave-like nature, will make it a suitable candidate for vortex interferometry experiments demonstrating non-Abelian statistics. We suggest two experiments that may reveal the presence of the zero mode carried by the fluxon. Specific experimental realizations will be discussed as well.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, published version (title modified)
Introduction to Vassiliev Knot Invariants
Creators: name: Chmutov, S.
name: Duzhin, S.
name: Mostovoy, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57M27, 05C90, 81T18

description: This book is a detailed introduction to the theory of finite type (Vassiliev) knot invariants, with a stress on its combinatorial aspects. It is intended to serve both as a textbook for readers with no or little background in this area, and as a guide to some of the more advanced material. Our aim is to lead the reader to understanding by means of pictures and calculations, and for this reason we often prefer to convey the idea of the proof on an instructive example rather than give a complete argument. While we have made an effort to make the text reasonably self-contained, an advanced reader is sometimes referred to the original papers for the technical details of the proofs. Version 3: some typos and inaccuracies are corrected.
description: 512 pages, thousands pictures
Alternatives to Debt-driven Growth: Continuing in China's 40 year of Reform
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Economics
Debts, Public
Taxation
Economic development
Stocks

description: For the past decade or more China has been engaged in a major reform of the economy, moving away from the manufacturing export led growth model to one based on domestic demand. Too much of China’s growth over the past decade (and even earlier) was financed by debt. There is an increasing consensus that the rate of accumulation of debt is not sustainable. High levels and rates of increase of debt are associated with a higher probability of having a crisis. Resources get wasted in crises, and there is typically much suffering. But there is also typically a waste of resources before a debt crisis hits. At the local level, to too large an extent, there is an alternative finance mechanism which is problematic in still other ways: selling off government land. It has been associated with corruption, poorly managed urban areas, and, again, the misallocation of resources. In the private sector, there has been considerable institutional innovation in the provision of finance, but many of these innovations have resulted neither in increased efficiency or stability. While there is a need to tighten financial regulations, ensuring that more lending is intermediated by well-regulated banks, and on-lending is not allowed, it is important to look for other ways of financing domestically driven expenditures. This paper looks at two such ways, taxation for the financing of public sector expenditures and equity for that in the private sector. There is much scope for increased tax financed growth in China. Well-designed taxes can actually increase—or at a minimum do not impede—the efficiency of the economy, stimulate domestic demand, and address other key problems facing the Chinese economy and are consistent with principles of equity. The paper looks at the benefits to be achieved from carbon taxes, a financial transactions tax, including on cross-border capital flows, capital and inheritance taxation, and property, land, and natural resource taxes. The paper explains the advantages of equity finance over debt finance, but success in this area requires a better institutional framework for ensuring transparency and good accounting standards, with strong systems of accountability. The shift to greater reliance on taxation and equity finance can not only enhance economic and financial stability; it can even improve the efficiency and equity of the economic system. And this would be the best way I believe, for China to continue in its 40 years of reform.
A Higgsophilic s-channel Z' and the CDF W+2J Anomaly
Creators: name: Fan, JiJi
name: Krohn, David
name: Langacker, Paul
name: Yavin, Itay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CDF collaboration recently presented evidence for an excess in the dijet invariant mass distribution coming from events in a W+2j exclusive sample. Here we show that this excess can be explained by the s-channel production of a weakly coupled Higgsophilic Z' near M_Z' ~ 270 GeV which decays into a W^\pm and a charged Higgs at M_{H^\pm} ~ 150 GeV. While the simplest implementations of a general leptophobic Z' model quickly run into tensions with electroweak observables, a more specific Higgsophilic model evades these constraints without resorting to any fine-tuning. We discuss the distinctive features of this model, focusing on its particular signatures at the Tevatron.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures. Published version. Added comment regarding D0 results and some clarifications
An Analysis of Puerto Rico’s Debt Relief Needs to Restore Debt Sustainability
Creators: name: Gluzmann, Pablo
name: Guzman, Martin
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Economics
Debt relief
Sustainable development
Fiscal policy
Macroeconomics

description: Puerto Rico’s economy has been suffering a recession for more than a decade. The recession has led to a debt and economic crisis. The lack of opportunities has resulted in migration outflows that affect the lives of thousands of families and leave a higher burden on those who stay. Overall, the current macroeconomic dynamics is destabilizing the lives of nearly 3.5 million U.S. citizens in Puerto Rico. Reversing this dynamic requires appropriate macroeconomic and debt policies. The collapse of economic activity has made the full payment of public debt unfeasible. Our study’s main goal is to offer insights for designing a plan of action for resolving Puerto Rico’s current debt crisis. The design of a restructuring proposal must note that the relationship between debt restructuring and fiscal policies exhibits bi-directional causality. On one hand, absent macroeconomic policies that expand the aggregate demand, Puerto Rico will not recover; and if the economy does not recover, Puerto Rico will not be able to pay its creditors without imposing severe damages on its nearly 3.5 million residents. On the opposite direction of causality, a larger debt reduction would imply that the territory would have more resources for expansionary macroeconomic policies, making the recovery more feasible and full repayment of the restructured debt more likely. Our contribution is thus twofold. First, we examine the macroeconomic implications of Puerto Rico’s Fiscal Plan that has been approved for fiscal years 2017-18 to 2026-27, as it is a crucial element for a computation of Puerto Rico’s debt restructuring needs. Second, we perform a Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) that incorporates the expected macroeconomic dynamics implied by the Fiscal Plan in order to compute Puerto Rico’s restructuring needs.
Stochastic motion of test particle implies that G varies with time
Creators: name: Momeni, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this letter is to propose a new description to the time varying gravitational constant problem, which naturally implements the Dirac's large numbers hypothesis in a new proposed holographic scenario for the origin of gravity as an entropic force. We survey the effect of the Stochastic motion of the test particle in Verlinde's scenario for gravity\cite{Verlinde}. Firstly we show that we must get the equipartition values for $t\rightarrow\infty$ which leads to the usual Newtonian gravitational constant. Secondly,the stochastic (Brownian) essence of the motion of the test particle, modifies the Newton's 2'nd law. The direct result is that the Newtonian constant has been time dependence in resemblance as \cite{Running}.
description: Accepted in International Journal of Theoretical Physics
Preface: Towards a Twenty-first Century Investment Agreement
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Economics
Investments, Foreign (International law)
Investments

description: Investment agreements have rightly come under attack in recent years. Many years ago, there was an attempt to arrive at a multilateral investment agreement, along the lines of the World Trade Organization (WTO) multilateral trade agreement. That effort failed. Because these agreements have taken on a central role in recent trade agreements, and because they have increasingly become a stumbling block, it is important to understand better both the politics and economics of these agreements. There are two underlying questions: what motivated the drive for these agreements? What was supposed to be protected? If investors were worried about nationalization (expropriation), in most cases, they could have bought insurance from the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), part of the World Bank Group, or from national authorities that offered similar protection. Besides, expropriations have been a rarity in recent decades. This suggests that something else drove the Investment Agenda. I will return to this question at the end. First, though, I want to describe what I believe a ‘good’ agreement might look like—something markedly different from what has appeared in recent trade and bilateral investment treaties.