cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lensing Properties of Scale-Free Galaxies
Creators: name: Hunter, C.
name: Evans, N. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multiple images of lensed quasars provide evidence on the mass distribution of the lensing galaxy. The lensing invariants are constructed from the positions of the images, their parities and their fluxes. They depend only on the structure of the lensing potential. The simplest is the magnification invariant, which is the sum of the signed magnifications of the images. Higher order invariants are the sums of products of the signed magnifications with positive or negative powers of the position coordinates of the images. We consider the case of the four and five image systems produced by elliptical power-law galaxies. This paper provides simple contour integrals for evaluating all their lensing invariants. For practical evaluation, this offers considerable advantages over the algebraic methods used previously. To illustrate the power of the contour integral method, we calculate full expansions in the source offset for all lensing invariants in the presence of arbitrary external shear. As an example, we use the elliptical power-law galaxies to fit to the data on the four images of the Einstein Cross (G2237+030). The lensing invariants play a role by reducing the dimensionality of the parameter space in which the chi-squared minimisation proceeds with consequent gains in accuracy and speed.
description: 42 pages, 7 figures, This is the version accepted by The Astrophysical Journal
Conducting the SONG: The robotic nature and efficiency of a fully automated telescope
Creators: name: Andersen, M. Fredslund
name: Handberg, R.
name: Weiss, E.
name: Frandsen, S.
name: Simón-Díaz, S.
name: Grundahl, F.
name: Pallé, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a description of "the Conductor", an automated software package which handles all observations at the first Stellar Observations Network Group (SONG) node telescope at the Teide Observatory on the island of Tenerife. The idea was to provide a complete description on the automated procedures for target selection and execution of observations and to demonstrate how the SONG robotic telescope is being operated. The Conductor is a software package developed in Python and running on a server in Aarhus which makes use of a large set of database tables through which it communicates with the SONG nodes. Based on a number of selection criteria the Conductor is able to identify the optimum target to be observed at any given moment taking into account local weather conditions and technical constraints. The Conductor has made it possible for the Hertzsprung SONG telescope to become a highly sophisticated and efficient robotic telescopic facility without human interaction. It can handle everything from Principal Investigators submitting their proposed targets with specific settings to the data being available for download after the observations has been carried out. At present, and thanks to the availability of the Conductor, the first node of the SONG project can be considered a world leading robotic telescope with respect to needed human interactions, efficiency and flexibility in observing strategy.
description: 11 pages (incl. 4 pages Appendices), 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Factors associated with foreign-educated nurses’ willingness to continue working in Japan: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Tanaka, Kazuko
name: Yoshimura, Koichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Slow stress relaxation in randomly disordered nematic elastomers and gels
Creators: name: Clarke, S. M.
name: Terentjev, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Randomly disordered (polydomain) liquid crystalline elastomers align under stress. We study the dynamics of stress relaxation before, during and after the Polydomain-Monodomain transition. The results for different materials show the universal ultra-slow logarithmic behaviour, especially pronounced in the region of the transition. The data is approximated very well by an equation Sigma(t) ~ Sigma_{eq} + A/(1+ Alpha Log[t]). We propose a theoretical model based on the concept of cooperative mechanical resistance for the re-orientation of each domain, attempting to follow the soft-deformation pathway. The exact model solution can be approximated by compact analytical expressions valid at short and at long times of relaxation, with two model parameters determined from the data.
description: 4 pages (two-column), 5 EPS figures (included via epsfig)
No Need for Dark Matter in Galaxies?
Creators: name: Evans, N. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unhappily, there has been a maelstrom of problems for dark matter theories over the last few years and many serious difficulties still have no resolution in sight. This article reviews the evidence for dark matter in galaxies. The haloes built up by hierarchical merging in dark matter cosmogonies are cusped and dominated by dark matter at the center. Evidence from the microlensing optical depth towards Baade's Window and from dynamical modelling of the Galactic bar already suggests that the Galactic halo is not cusped. Similarly, evidence from the stability of unbarred disk galaxies, as well as the survival of fast bars in barred galaxies, suggests that the this result holds good more generally. Judged on the data from galactic scales alone, the case for dark matter is weak and non-standard theories of gravity provide a better description. Of course, non-standard theories of gravity have their own problems, but not on galactic scales.
description: 8 pages, invited review for "IDM 2000: Third International Workshop on the Identification of Dark Matter", ed. N. Spooner (World Scientific)
title: Demographics and the Demand for Currency
Creators: name: Dunbar, Geoffrey
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2014

description: I use data from the Bank of Canada’s Bank Note Distribution System and exploit a natural experiment offered by the timing of Easter in the Gregorian calendar to analyze the effects of demographic change for currency demand. I find that the main drivers of low-denomination bank note demand are merchants. Merchants and the youngest age group, aged 15-24, are also a significant source of demand for twenty-dollar bank notes and for the total dollar value of withdrawals. In contrast, increases in the demographic age groups 25-54 and 55 plus tend to lower bank note withdrawals. Finally, I find no evidence that employment status is related to bank note demand, but that there is a difference between the bank note demand of men aged 15-24 and women aged 15-24: increases in the share of women aged 15-24 lead to increases in bank note demand.
description: L’auteur s’appuie sur une expérience naturelle offerte par les fêtes de Pâques (dans le calendrier grégorien) pour analyser les effets de l’évolution démographique sur la demande de numéraire à partir des données fournies par le Système de distribution des billets de banque de la Banque du Canada. L’étude montre que les détaillants sont le principal moteur de la demande de petites coupures. Une part importante de la demande de billets de 20 dollars, de même que de la valeur totale des retraits, provient des détaillants et du plus jeune groupe d’âge (les 15-24 ans). En revanche, l’accroissement des groupes d’âge des 25-54 ans et des 55 ans et plus tend à réduire les retraits de billets de banque. Enfin, rien ne permet de penser d’après l’étude qu’un lien existe entre la situation d’emploi et la demande de billets de banque, mais l’auteur constate une différence concernant la demande de billets de banque entre les hommes et les femmes du groupe des 15-24 ans. Une augmentation de la proportion de femmes âgées de 15 à 24 ans se traduit en effet par une hausse de la demande de billets de banque.
Guatteria oblonga R. E. Fr.
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Guatteria
Guatteria oblonga

description: [64] Guatteria oblonga R.E.Fr.
 Acta Horti Berg. 12 (3): 443 (Fries 1939).
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — Known only from the type: E.M. Mélinon s.n. (original material B not seen, P [P00115935, P00115936]).
 SIZE. — Not recorded on the type specimen, but like all Guatteria spp. in French Guiana, it is probably a tree.
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 374, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777
Magnetic Excitations in Non-Collinear Antiferromagnetic Weyl Semimetal $\mathsf{Mn_{3}Sn}$
Creators: name: Park, Pyeongjae
name: Oh, Joosung
name: Uhlířová, Klára
name: Jackson, Jerome
name: Deák, András
name: Szunyogh, László
name: Lee, Ki Hoon
name: Cho, Hwanbeom
name: Kim, Ha-Leem
name: Walker, Helen C.
name: Adroja, Devashibhai
name: Sechovský, Vladimír
name: Park, Je-Geun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $\mathsf{Mn_{3}Sn}$ has recently attracted considerable attention as a magnetic Weyl semimetal exhibiting concomitant transport anomalies at room temperature. The topology of the electronic bands, their relation to the magnetic ground state and their nonzero Berry curvature lie at the heart of the problem. The examination of the full magnetic Hamiltonian reveals otherwise hidden aspects of these unusual physical properties. Here, we report the full spin wave spectra of $\mathsf{Mn_{3}Sn}$ measured over a wide momentum - energy range by the inelastic neutron scattering technique. Using a linear spin wave theory, we determine a suitable magnetic Hamiltonian which not only explains the experimental results but also stabilizes the low-temperature helical phase, consistent with our DFT calculations. The effect of this helical ordering on topological band structures is further examined using a tight-binding method, which confirms the elimination of Weyl points in the helical phase. Our work provides a rare example of the intimate coupling between the electronic and spin degrees of freedom for a magnetic Weyl semimetal system.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in npj Quantum Materials
Health state utilities associated with treatment options for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Creators: name: Matza, Louis S.
name: Deger, Kristen A.
name: Howell, Timothy A.
name: Koetter, Kimberly
name: Yeager, Andrew M.
name: Hogge, Donna
name: Fisher, Vicki
name: Louie, Arthur C.
name: Chung, Karen C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Aims: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment typically involves remission induction chemotherapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy. New treatments for AML have recently been introduced, including a chemotherapy formulation called CPX-351, which is administered via less time-intensive IV infusion than the standard “7 + 3” continuous infusion regimen of cytarabine plus an anthracycline. The purpose of this study was to estimate utilities that could be used in economic modeling of AML treatment. Materials and methods: In time trade-off interviews, participants from the UK general population valued 12 health states drafted based on literature and clinician interviews. To identify disutility associated with chemotherapy, two types of induction and four types of consolidation were added to an otherwise identical health state describing AML. The decrease in utility when adding these chemotherapy regimens represents the disutility of each regimen. Five additional health states were valued to estimate utilities associated with other AML treatments. Results: Two hundred participants completed interviews. Mean (SD) utilities were 0.55 (0.31) for pre-treatment AML and 0.66 (0.29) for AML in temporary remission. Adding any chemotherapy significantly decreased utility (p Limitations: One limitation is that the differences in adverse event profiles between the treatment regimens were based on clinician opinion. Future use of CPX-351 in clinical trials or clinical settings will provide additional information on its adverse event profile. Conclusions: While all chemotherapy regimens were associated with disutility, regimens with shorter hospitalization and less time-intensive infusion were generally perceived as preferable. These utilities may be useful in cost-utility models comparing the value of AML treatments.
Natural Language Generation
Creators: name: Reiter, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This book provides a broad overview of Natural Language Generation (NLG), including technology, user requirements, evaluation, and real-world applications. The focus is on concepts and insights which hopefully will remain relevant for many years, not on the latest LLM innovations. It draws on decades of work by the author and others on NLG.
 The book has the following chapters: Introduction to NLG; Rule-Based NLG; Machine Learning and Neural NLG; Requirements; Evaluation; Safety, Maintenance, and Testing; and Applications. All chapters include examples and anecdotes from the author's personal experiences, and end with a Further Reading section.
 The book should be especially useful to people working on applied NLG, including NLG researchers, people in other fields who want to use NLG, and commercial developers. It will not however be useful to people who want to understand the latest LLM technology.
 There is a companion site with more information at https://ehudreiter.com/book/
description: This is a preprint of the following work: Ehud Reiter, Natural Language Generation, 2024, Springer reproduced with permission of Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68582-8
Mott-Peierls Transition in the extended Peierls-Hubbard model
Creators: name: Jeckelmann, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-dimensional extended Peierls-Hubbard model is studied at several band fillings using the density matrix renormalization group method. Results show that the ground state evolves from a Mott-Peierls insulator with a correlation gap at half-filling to a soliton lattice with a small band gap away from half-filling. It is also confirmed that the ground state of the Peierls-Hubbard model undergoes a transition to a metallic state at finite doping. These results show that electronic correlations effects should be taken into account in theoretical studies of doped polyacetylene. They also show that a Mott-Peierls theory could explain the insulator-metal transition observed in this material.
description: 4 pages with 3 embedded eps figures
Surveying the Giant HII Regions of the Milky Way with SOFIA: I. W51A
Creators: name: Lim, Wanggi
name: De Buizer, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the first results from our mid-infrared imaging survey of Milky Way Giant HII regions with our detailed analysis of W51A, which is one of the largest GHII regions in our Galaxy. We used the FORCAST instrument on SOFIA to obtain 20 and 37$μ$m images of the central $10' \times 20'$ area, which encompasses both of the G49.5-0.4 and G49.4-0.3 sub-regions. Based on these new data, and in conjunction with previous multi-wavelength observations, we conjecture on the physical nature of several individual sources and sub-components within W51A. We find that extinction seems to play an important role in the observed structures we see in the near- to mid-infrared, both globally and locally. We used the SOFIA photometry combined with Spitzer-IRAC and Herschel-PACS photometry data to construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of sub-components and point sources detected in the SOFIA images. We fit those SEDs with young stellar object models, and found 41 sources that are likely to be massive young stellar objects, many of which are identified as such in this work for the first time. Close to half of the massive young stellar objects do not have detectable radio continuum emission at cm wavelengths, implying a very young state of formation. We derived luminosity-to-mass ratio and virial parameters of the extended radio sub-regions of W51A to estimate their relative ages.
description: 35 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables, Accepted by ApJ
Guatteria pannosa Scharf & Maas
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Guatteria
Guatteria pannosa

description: [66] Guatteria pannosa Scharf & Maas
 Blumea 51 (1): 117 (Scharf & Maas 2006).
NOTE. — Known only from the Guiana Shield.
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 5 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: S. Barrier & C. Feuillet 2633 (holo-, CAY [CAY104592]).
INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 9 trees in 6 plots; Fmax <1 %; dbhinv = 52.5 cm.
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 374, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777
Additional file 1 of Whole-brain dopamine transporter binding pattern predicts survival in multiple system atrophy
Creators: name: Kang, Yeon-koo
name: Shin, Jung Hwan
name: Choi, Hongyoon
name: Kim, Han-Joon
name: Cheon, Gi Jeong
name: Jeon, Beomseok
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Methods. Figure S1. The schematic flow of the study design. Table S1. Clinical diagnosis of the training cohort. Table S2. The demographic characteristics of the training cohort and MSA patients. Table S3. Binding ratios for each striatal regions in clusters. Table S4. Clinical and image-based characteristics of clusters. Table S5. Results of survival analysis using clinical and PET imaging factors.
Low-energy singlet and triplet excitations in the spin-liquid phase of the two-dimensional J1-J2 model
Creators: name: Kotov, Valeri N.
name: Oitmaa, J.
name: Sushkov, Oleg P.
name: Weihong, Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the stability of the spontaneously dimerized spin-liquid phase of the frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet - the J1-J2 model. The lowest triplet excitation, corresponding to breaking of a singlet bond, is found to be stable in the region 0.38 < J2/J1 < 0.62. In addition we find a stable low-energy collective singlet mode, which is closely related to the spontaneous violation of the discrete symmetry. Both modes are gapped in the quantum disordered phase and become gapless at the transition point to the Neel ordered phase (J2/J1=0.38). The spontaneous dimerization vanishes at the transition and we argue that the disappearance of dimer order is related to the vanishing of the singlet gap. We also present exact diagonalization data on a small (4x4) cluster which indeed show a structure of the spectrum, consistent with that of a system with a four-fold degenerate (spontaneously dimerized) ground state.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, small changes, published version
title: The Efficiency of Private E-Money-Like Systems: The U.S. Experience with State Bank Notes
Creators: name: Weber, Warren E.
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2014

description: In the United States prior to 1863 each bank issued its own distinct notes. E-money shares many of the characteristics of these bank notes. This paper describes some lessons relevant to e-money from the U.S. experience with state bank notes. It examines historical evidence on how well the bank notes - a privately-issued currency system with multiple issuers - functioned with respect to ease of transacting, counterfeiting, safety, overissuance and par exchange. It finds that bank notes made transacting easier and were not subject to overissuance. However, counterfeiting of bank notes was widespread, bank notes were not perfectly safe, and notes of different banks did not exchange at par and rates of exchange were volatile. The paper also examines how bank notes were regulated and supervised and how that regulation and supervision affected the functioning of the system. The U.S. experience with state bank notes suggests that a privately-issued e-money system can operate efficiently but only with appropriate government intervention, regulation, and supervision to minimize counterfeiting and to promote safety and par exchange.
description: Aux États-Unis, avant 1863, chaque banque émettait ses propres billets. Or, de nos jours, la monnaie électronique présente de nombreux points communs avec ces instruments d’échange. L’auteur décrit quelques enseignements pertinents à l’égard des monnaies électroniques tirés de l’époque où les billets étaient émis par des banques locales aux États-Unis. L’analyse de données historiques permet d’évaluer ce système, dans le cadre duquel les billets étaient émis par de multiples établissements privés, en ce qui a trait à la facilité d’effectuer des transactions, à la contrefaçon, à la sûreté, à la surémission potentielle et à la parité de change. L’étude montre que les billets de banque facilitaient les transactions et n’étaient pas sujets à une émission excessive. En revanche, la contrefaçon était très répandue, les billets ne constituaient pas des instruments parfaitement sûrs, ceux de banques concurrentes ne s’échangeaient pas toujours à leur valeur nominale et les taux de change étaient volatils. L’article traite également de la façon dont ces billets étaient réglementés et supervisés ainsi que de l’incidence du dispositif prudentiel sur le fonctionnement du système. L’expérience américaine au chapitre des billets émis par des banques locales donne à penser qu’un système reposant sur l’émission de monnaies électroniques par des entités privées pourrait fonctionner correctement, à condition d’être régi et supervisé adéquatement par les autorités publiques, et ce, afin d’atténuer le risque de contrefaçon et d’assurer la sûreté ainsi que la parité de change des monnaies en question.
High-Resolution Limited-Angle Phase Tomography of Dense Layered Objects Using Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Goy, Alexandre
name: Rughoobur, Girish
name: Li, Shuai
name: Arthur, Kwabena
name: Akinwande, Akintunde I.
name: Barbastathis, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Machine Learning-based method for tomographic reconstruction of dense layered objects, with range of projection angles limited to $\pm $10$^\circ$. Whereas previous approaches to phase tomography generally require two steps, first to retrieve phase projections from intensity projections and then perform tomographic reconstruction on the retrieved phase projections, in our work a physics-informed pre-processor followed by a Deep Neural Network (DNN) conduct the three-dimensional reconstruction directly from the intensity projections. We demonstrate this single-step method experimentally in the visible optical domain on a scaled up integrated circuit phantom. We show that even under conditions of highly attenuated photon fluxes a DNN trained only on synthetic data can be used to successfully reconstruct physical samples disjoint from the synthetic training set. Thus, the need of producing a large number of physical examples for training is ameliorated. The method is generally applicable to tomography with electromagnetic or other types of radiation at all bands.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
EFFECT OF MOTOR IMAGERY TRAINING AND TASK ORIENTED TRAINING ON BALANCE AMONG MIDDLE AGED WOMEN
Creators: name: Manjula S*, Dr. P. Senthil Selvam**, Dr. S. S. Subramanian***,  Dr. A. Kumaresan**** & R. Nivetha*****
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Background of the Study: Recent studies found that fall rate has been increasing since from middle age due to the changes in the physiological and environmental factors as it may decrease the ability to maintain dynamic balance and enhances the fall risk among middle age women. The motor imagery training and task oriented training intervention improves the balance and prevent the fear of fall among middle age women.Aim: To assess the effect of motor imagery training on balance among middle aged women.Objectives:•    To assess the effect of motor imagery training on fall prevention.•    To assess the effect of motor imagery training on functional balance and gait.Methodology: This study was an experimental study, which was conducted with 40 participants and were divided into two groups namely experimental group (GROUPA) and control group (GROUP B). Experimental group consists of 20 participants performed the Motor imagery training with the task oriented training and the Control group consists of 20participants performed the task oriented training with fall prevention education for 45 minutes per day for three times a week for 6 weeks.Outcome Measure:•    Berg Balance Scale•    Fall Efficacy ScaleResult: The group analysis showed that both Treatment A and Treatment B were effective in terms of improvement in BBS & in terms of reduction in FES-I. However, the final result showed that Treatment A was effective than Treatment B in terms of improvement in BBS & in terms of reduction in FES-I.Conclusion: The study concluded that the motor imagery training with task oriented training was more effective in improving the balance and fall prevention.
Wigner Glass, Spin-liquids, and the Metal-Insulator Transition
Creators: name: Chakravarty, Sudip
name: Kivelson, Steven
name: Nayak, Chetan
name: Voelker, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments on the two dimensional electron gas in various semiconductor devices have revealed an unexpected metal-insulator transition and have challenged the previously held assumption that there is no such transition in two dimensions. While the experiments are still at the stage of rapid development, it is becoming evident that they cannot be understood from the conventional perspective of weak interactions. In the present paper, we propose the following. (1) The low-density insulating state is the Wigner Glass, a phase with quasi-long-range translational order and competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin-exchange interactions. (2) The transition is the melting of this Wigner Glass, disorder being the agent allowing the transition to be second order. (3) Within the Wigner Glass phase, there are at least two, distinct magnetic ground-states, a ferromagnetic state at very low electron density and a spin-liquid state with a spin pseudo-gap at higher densities. (4) The metallic side of the transition is a non-Fermi liquid. These conclusions are encapsulated in Figure 1 which presents the proposed phase diagram as a function of disorder strength and density; we also suggest experimental signatures of the various phases and transitions.
description: Revised manuscript 6 pages, 1 figure redrawn for clarity; discussion of experiments expanded
Consequences on variable Lambda-models from distant Type Ia supernovae and compact radio sources
Creators: name: Vishwakarma, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the m-z relation for Type Ia supernovae data and the θ-z relation for the updated compact radio sources data in 4 variable Λ- models: Λ\sim S^{-2}, Λ\sim H^2, Λ\sim ρand Λ\sim t^{-2}. It is found that all the models fit the data sets equally well and require non-zero, positive values of Λ. The supernovae data favour an accelerating expansion of the universe whereas the radio sources data imply either sign of the deceleration parameter. The estimates of the density parameter for the variable Λ-models are found higher than those for the constant Λ-Friedmann model. It is also found that the Gurvits et al' model (FRW model with Λ=0) is not the best-fitting model for the constant Λcase. The best-fitting Friedmann model (with constant Λ) is found to be a low density, vacuum-dominated accelerating universe. However, for realistic values of the matter density parameter, the only interesting solutions are (a) estimated from the supernovae data: the best-fit solutions for the flat models (including the constant Λcase); (b) estimated from the radio sources data: the global best-fit solutions for the models Λ\sim H^2 and Λ\sim ρ, the best-fit solution for the flat model with Λ=constant and the Gurvits et al' model. It is noted that, as in the case of recent CMB analyses, the data sets seem to favour a spherical universe (k>0).
description: 22 pages including 2 figures, Minor changes in the abstract and the conclusion, to appear in Classical & Quantum Gravity
Optimal word order for non-causal text generation with Large Language Models: the Spanish case
Creators: name: Busto-Castiñeira, Andrea
name: García-Méndez, Silvia
name: de Arriba-Pérez, Francisco
name: González-Castaño, Francisco J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Natural Language Generation (NLG) popularity has increased owing to the progress in Large Language Models (LLMs), with zero-shot inference capabilities. However, most neural systems utilize decoder-only causal (unidirectional) transformer models, which are effective for English but may reduce the richness of languages with less strict word order, subject omission, or different relative clause attachment preferences. This is the first work that analytically addresses optimal text generation order for non-causal language models. We present a novel Viterbi algorithm-based methodology for maximum likelihood word order estimation. We analyze the non-causal most-likelihood order probability for NLG in Spanish and, then, the probability of generating the same phrases with Spanish causal NLG. This comparative analysis reveals that causal NLG prefers English-like SVO structures. We also analyze the relationship between optimal generation order and causal left-to-right generation order using Spearman's rank correlation. Our results demonstrate that the ideal order predicted by the maximum likelihood estimator is not closely related to the causal order and may be influenced by the syntactic structure of the target sentence.
Guatteria richardii R. E. Fr.
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Guatteria
Guatteria richardii

description: [68] Guatteria richardii R.E.Fr.
 Acta Horti Berg. 12 (3): 440 (Fries 1939).
 Guatteria montis - trinitatis Scharf, Blumea 51 (3): 548 (Scharf 2006).
NOTE. — Known only from the Guiana Shield.
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 16 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: L.C. Richard s.n. (holo-, P [P00115932]).
INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 1 tree, dbh = 38.4 cm.
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 376, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777
Additional file 1 of Facial appearance associates with longitudinal multi-organ failure: an ICU cohort study
Creators: name: Cox, Eline G. M.
name: van Bussel, Bas C. T.
name: Campillo Llamazares, Nerea
name: Sels, Jan-Willem E. M.
name: Onrust, Marisa
name: van der Horst, Iwan C. C.
name: Koeze, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health
Virology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. A Standardized pictograms designed for this proof-of-concept study. B Simulation of the pictograms for different skin colours. Fig. S2. Flowchart of study inclusion. Fig. S3. Interaction between the two traits of gestalt; eye-opening and facial skin colour. SOFA sequential organ failure assessment; bars indicate standard error of the mean. Table S1. The SOFA score*. a: with respiratory support; b: adrenergic agents administered for at least one hour (doses given are in µg/kg × min). MAP mean arterial pressure, CNS central nervous system; SOFA sequential organ failure assessment. *After completing the data, every patient had a SOFA score for each day at the ICU, resulting in 852 serial SOFA scores. On day one of admission, all patients had a SOFA score; on day two, 214 (94%) patients had a SOFA score, and on day three, 139 (61%) patients, and on day four, 96 (42%) patients had a SOFA score. On day five, 72 (32%) patients, day six, 58 (25%), and day seven, 45 (20%) patients had a SOFA score.
title: Uncertain Costs and Vertical Differentiation in an Insurance Duopoly
Creators: name: Raykov, Radoslav
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2014

description: Classical oligopoly models predict that firms differentiate vertically as a way of softening price competition, but some metrics suggest very little quality differentiation in the U.S. auto insurance market. I explain this phenomenon using the fact that risk-averse insurance companies with uncertain costs face incentives to converge to a homogeneous quality. Quality changes are capable of boosting as well as reducing profits, since quality differentiation softens price competition, but also undermines the lower-end firm’s ability to charge the markup commanded by risk aversion. This can make differentiation suboptimal, leading to a homogeneous quality; the outcome depends on consumers’ quality tastes and on how costly quality is. Additional trade-offs between quality costs, profits and profit variances compound this effect, resulting in equilibria at very low quality levels. I argue that this provides one explanation of how insurer competition drove quality down in the nineteenth-century U.S. market for fire insurance.
description: Les modèles d’oligopole classiques montrent que les entreprises atténuent la concurrence qu’elles se font sur les prix par la différenciation verticale des produits. Or, certaines mesures laissent croire que le marché de l’assurance automobile aux États-Unis présente un très faible degré de différenciation qualitative. L’auteur explique ce phénomène par le fait que, étant réfractaires au risque et confrontées à des coûts incertains, les compagnies d’assurance sont portées à opter pour des produits de qualité uniforme. L’introduction de différences de qualité entre les produits peut tout aussi bien accroître les profits que les réduire. En effet, si elle rend moins âpre la concurrence sur les prix, la différenciation qualitative limite également la capacité de la firme offrant la variante de moindre qualité d’inclure dans son prix le taux de marge que commande son aversion pour le risque. Selon les goûts des consommateurs pour la qualité et le prix à payer pour l’obtenir, cela peut faire de la différenciation une stratégie sous-optimale qui serait rejetée au profit de l’homogénéisation de la qualité. D’autres arbitrages entre les coûts rattachés à la qualité du produit, les profits et les variances des profits exacerbent cet effet, de sorte que les équilibres se réalisent à de très bas niveaux de qualité. L’auteur soutient que ce serait là une explication au déclin de la qualité observé au XIXe siècle à la suite de l’intensification de la concurrence sur le marché américain de l’assurance incendie.
Hierarchical Wave Functions Revisited
Creators: name: Li, Dingping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hierarchical wave functions on a sphere and on a torus. We simplify some wave functions on a sphere or a torus using the analytic properties of wave functions. The open question, the construction of the wave function for quasielectron excitations on a torus, is also solved in this paper.
description: 28 pages, Latex
Analytic computation of the Instantaneous Normal Modes spectrum in low density liquids
Creators: name: Cavagna, Andrea
name: Giardina, Irene
name: Parisi, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically compute the spectrum of the Hessian of the Hamiltonian for a system of N particles interacting via a purely repulsive potential in one dimension. Our approach is valid in the low density regime, where we compute the exact spectrum also in the localized sector. We finally perform a numerical analysis of the localization properties of the eigenfunctions.
description: 4 RevTeX pages, 4 EPS figures. Revised version to appear on Phys. Rev. Lett
Logarithmic Stability for Coefficients Inverse Problem of Coupled Schrödinger Equations
Creators: name: Dou, Fangfang
name: Yamamoto, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30

description: In this paper, we study an inverse coefficients problem for two coupled Schrödinger equations with an observation of one component of the solution. The observation is done in a nonempty open subset of the domain where the equations hold. A logarithmic type stability result is obtained. The main method is based on the Carleman estimate for coupled Schrödinger equations and coupled heatn equations, and the Fourier-Bros-Iagolnitzer transform.
An Efficient Ground-aerial Transportation System for Pest Control Enabled by AI-based Autonomous Nano-UAVs
Creators: name: Crupi, Luca
name: Butera, Luca
name: Ferrante, Alberto
name: Giusti, Alessandro
name: Palossi, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Efficient crop production requires early detection of pest outbreaks and timely treatments; we consider a solution based on a fleet of multiple autonomous miniaturized unmanned aerial vehicles (nano-UAVs) to visually detect pests and a single slower heavy vehicle that visits the detected outbreaks to deliver treatments. To cope with the extreme limitations aboard nano-UAVs, e.g., low-resolution sensors and sub-100 mW computational power budget, we design, fine-tune, and optimize a tiny image-based convolutional neural network (CNN) for pest detection. Despite the small size of our CNN (i.e., 0.58 GOps/inference), on our dataset, it scores a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.79 in detecting harmful bugs, i.e., 14% lower mAP but 32x fewer operations than the best-performing CNN in the literature. Our CNN runs in real-time at 6.8 frame/s, requiring 33 mW on a GWT GAP9 System-on-Chip aboard a Crazyflie nano-UAV. Then, to cope with in-field unexpected obstacles, we leverage a global+local path planner based on the A* algorithm. The global path planner determines the best route for the nano-UAV to sweep the entire area, while the local one runs up to 50 Hz aboard our nano-UAV and prevents collision by adjusting the short-distance path. Finally, we demonstrate with in-simulator experiments that once a 25 nano-UAVs fleet has combed a 200x200 m vineyard, collected information can be used to plan the best path for the tractor, visiting all and only required hotspots. In this scenario, our efficient transportation system, compared to a traditional single-ground vehicle performing both inspection and treatment, can save up to 20 h working time.
title: Bond Risk Premia and Gaussian Term Structure Models
Creators: name: Feunou, Bruno
name: Fontaine, Jean-Sébastien
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2014

description: Cochrane and Piazzesi (2005) show that (i) lagged forward rates improve the predictability of annual bond returns, adding to current forward rates, and that (ii) a Markovian model for monthly forward rates cannot generate the pattern of predictability in annual returns. These results stand as a challenge to modern Markovian dynamic term structure models (DTSMs). We develop the family of conditional mean DTSMs where the yield dynamics depend on current yields and their history. Empirically, we find that (i) current and past yields generate cyclical risk-premium variations, (ii) the model risk premia offer better returns forecasts, and (iii) the model coefficients are close to Cochrane-Piazzesi regressions of long-horizon returns. Yield decompositions differ significantly from what a standard model suggests - the expectation component decreases less in a recession and increases less in the recovery. A small Markovian factor “hidden” in measurement error (Duffee, 2011) explains some of the differences but is not sufficient to match the evidence.
description: Cochrane et Piazzesi (2005) montrent que les taux à terme retardés améliorent la prévisibilité des rendements obligataires en complétant l’apport des taux à terme courants, et qu’un modèle markovien des taux à terme ne peut produire le profil de prévisibilité des rendements annuels. Ces résultats compliquent la tâche des modèles dynamiques de la structure par terme (DTSM) de type markovien. Nous construisons des DTSM nouveaux, où la dynamique de la moyenne conditionnelle dépend des taux courants et passés. De manière empirique, nous constatons que les taux passés contribuent aux variations cycliques de la prime de risque, que le modèle offre de meilleures prévisions des rendements et que ses coefficients avoisinent les résultats des régressions effectuées sur les rendements de long terme, prolongeant l’étude de Cochrane et Piazzesi. Comparativement au modèle standard, la décomposition des taux diffère sensiblement : la composante des anticipations diminue moins durant une récession et s’accroît moins en période de reprise. La présence dans les taux d’un facteur de risque markovien « caché » dans les erreurs de mesure ne peut rendre compte entièrement du phénomène.
IQTISODIYOTNI MODERNIZATSIYALASHDA MASOFAVIY BANK XIZMATLARINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH.
Creators: name: Maxmudov, Jasurbek
name: Mamatov, Temurbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada masofaviy bank xizmatlari ko‘rsatishning ilmiy-nazariy asoslari va O’zbekistonda masofaviy bank xizmatlarini ko‘rsatishning iqtisodiy ahamiyati o‘rganilgan.
Superluminal motion in a compact steep spectrum radio source 3C 138
Creators: name: Shen, Z. -Q.
name: Jiang, D. R.
name: Kameno, S.
name: Chen, Y. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of 5 GHz VLBI observations of a compact steep spectrum source 3C 138. The data are consistent with the western end being the location of the central activity. The observed offset between different frequencies in the central region of 3C 138 can be accounted for by a frequency dependent shift of the synchrotron self-absorbed core. Our new measurements confirm the existence of a superluminal motion, but its apparent velocity of 3.3c is three times slower than the reported one. This value is consistent with the absence of parsec-scale counter-jet emission in the inner region, but seems still too high to allow the overall counter-jet to be seen in terms of Doppler boosting of an intrinsically identical jet. Either an interaction of jet with central dense medium, or an intrinsically asymmetrical jet must be invoked to reconcile the detected superluminal speed with the observed large scale asymmetry in 3C 138.
description: 5 pages including 3 ps figures and 1 table, LaTex2e, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics