cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Calorimetric and magnetic study for Ni$_{50}$Mn$_{36}$In$_{14}$ and relative cooling power in paramagnetic inverse magnetocaloric systems
Creators: name: Chen, Jing-Han
name: Bruno, Nickolaus M.
name: Karaman, Ibrahim
name: Huang, Yujin
name: Li, Jianguo
name: Ross, Joseph H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-stoichiometric Heusler alloy Ni$_{50}$Mn$_{36}$In$_{14}$ undergoes a martensitic phase transformation in the vicinity of 345 K, with the high temperature austenite phase exhibiting paramagnetic rather than ferromagnetic behavior, as shown in similar alloys with lower-temperature transformations. Suitably prepared samples are shown to exhibit a sharp transformation, a relatively small thermal hysteresis, and a large field-induced entropy change. We analyzed the magnetocaloric behavior both through magnetization and direct field-dependent calorimetry measurements. For measurements passing through the first-order transformation, an improved method for heat-pulse relaxation calorimetry was designed. The results provide a firm basis for the analytic evaluation of field-induced entropy changes in related materials. An analysis of the relative cooling power (RCP), based on the integrated field-induced entropy change and magnetizing behavior of the Mn spin system with ferromagnetic correlations, shows that a significant RCP may be obtained in these materials by tuning the magnetic and structural transformation temperatures through minor compositional changes or local order changes.
Approximate Solutions of a Kinetic Theory for Graphene
Creators: name: Blaschke, D. B.
name: Dmitriev, V. V.
name: Gevorgyan, N. T.
name: Mahato, B.
name: Panferov, A. D.
name: Smolyansky, S. A.
name: Tseryupa, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective mass approximation is analysed in a nonperturbative kinetic theory approach to strong field excitations in graphene [1,2]. This problem is highly actual for the investigation of quantum radiation from graphene [3], where the collision integrals in the photon kinetic equation are rather complicated functionals of the distribution functions of the charge carriers. These functions are needed in the explicit analytical definition as solutions of the kinetic equations for the electron-hole excitations. In the present work it is shown that the suggested approach is rather effective in a certain range of parameters for the pulse of an external electromagnetic field. For example, the applicability condition of the approximation in the case of a harmonic field is $\hbar ω^2 / (\sqrt{2} e E_0 v_F) < 1$, were $v_F$ is the Fermi velocity. In the standard massive quantum electrodynamics the usability of the analogical approximation is very narrow.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
title: Inserted foreign bodies. A survival guide.
Creators: name: Skiadas, Vasilios
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Foreign bodies
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Extremities

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the experience of a University Hospital Radiology department with foreign bodies (FB) and describe also hints and tips regarding the recognition and identification of different types of foreign bodies in...
Achieving the Landau bound to precision of quantum thermometry in systems with vanishing gap
Creators: name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address estimation of temperature for finite quantum systems at thermal equilibrium and show that the Landau bound to precision $δT^2 \propto T^2$, originally derived for a classical {\em not too small} system being a portion of a large isolated system at thermal equilibrium, may be also achieved by energy measurement in microscopic {\em quantum} systems exhibiting vanishing gap as a function of some control parameter. On the contrary, for any quantum system with a non-vanishing gap $Δ$, precision of any temperature estimator diverges as $δT^2 \gtrsim T^4 e^{Δ/T}$.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, close to published version
Improving Uncertainty-Error Correspondence in Deep Bayesian Medical Image Segmentation
Creators: name: Mody, Prerak
name: Chaves-de-Plaza, Nicolas F.
name: Rao, Chinmay
name: Astrenidou, Eleftheria
name: de Ridder, Mischa
name: Hoekstra, Nienke
name: Hildebrandt, Klaus
name: Staring, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Increased usage of automated tools like deep learning in medical image segmentation has alleviated the bottleneck of manual contouring. This has shifted manual labour to quality assessment (QA) of automated contours which involves detecting errors and correcting them. A potential solution to semi-automated QA is to use deep Bayesian uncertainty to recommend potentially erroneous regions, thus reducing time spent on error detection. Previous work has investigated the correspondence between uncertainty and error, however, no work has been done on improving the "utility" of Bayesian uncertainty maps such that it is only present in inaccurate regions and not in the accurate ones. Our work trains the FlipOut model with the Accuracy-vs-Uncertainty (AvU) loss which promotes uncertainty to be present only in inaccurate regions. We apply this method on datasets of two radiotherapy body sites, c.f. head-and-neck CT and prostate MR scans. Uncertainty heatmaps (i.e. predictive entropy) are evaluated against voxel inaccuracies using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Precision-Recall (PR) curves. Numerical results show that when compared to the Bayesian baseline the proposed method successfully suppresses uncertainty for accurate voxels, with similar presence of uncertainty for inaccurate voxels. Code to reproduce experiments is available at https://github.com/prerakmody/bayesuncertainty-error-correspondence
description: Accepted for publication at the Journal of Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging (MELBA) https://melba-journal.org/2024:018
When the going gets tough: Power affects the process of making tough decisions
Creators: name: Li, Xiaoming
name: Chen, Chuansheng
name: Yang, Guoqing
name: Ding, Daoqun
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Power interacts with choice difficulty to affect the decision-making process.

description: Powerful roles often require individuals to cope with impactful, complicated decision. The present article reports two experiments investigating the effect of manipulated power mindset on the process of decision-making under different conditions: high vs. low choice conflict (Exp. 1) or high vs. no cognitive load (Exp. 2). Results showed that under the high choice conflict and high cognitive load conditions, high-power participants were more likely than low-power participants to take less time, to adopt an alternative-based (rather than attribute-based) strategy, to rate the tasks as easier, and to report higher confidence in and satisfaction with their decisions. Power had no effect on the decision-making process under the low choice conflict and no cognitive load conditions. These results suggest that power interacts with choice difficulty to affect the decision-making process.
title: Great impersonators – benign mimics of breast malignancy on mammography and ultrasound
Creators: name: Shaw, Olga
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Pathology

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To raise awareness of a wide range of benign breast lesions which can mimic malignancy on mammography and ultrasound. 2. To outline key clinical, imaging and histopathological features of benign breast lesions mimicking malignancy on mammography...
title: Clinically unjustified imaging diagnostics - a worrying tendency in today's medical practice
Creators: name: Walecki, Jerzy
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quality assurance
subject: Economics
subject: Statistics
subject: Socio-economic issues
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Management

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: In the last several years, a dynamic development of organ imaging methods and a significant increase in their availability can be observed. This creates a risk of a too wide use of diagnostic imaging and may result in unjustified excessive...
Characterization of Organosulfates in Secondary Organic Aerosol Derived from the Photooxidation of Long-Chain Alkanes
Creators: name: Stone, A. Elizabeth
name: Surratt, Jason D.
name: Da Silva Barbosa, Thais
name: Lin, Ying-Hsuan
name: Gold, Avram
name: Riva, Matthieu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: We report the formation of aliphatic organosulfates (OSs) in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the photooxidation of C10 – C12 alkanes. The results complement those from our laboratories reporting the formation of OSs and sulfonates from gas-phase oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Both studies strongly support formation of OSs from gas-phase oxidation of anthropogenic precursors, hypothesized on the basis of recent field studies in which aromatic and aliphatic OSs were detected in fine aerosol collected from several major urban locations. In this study, dodecane, cyclodecane and decalin, considered to be important SOA precursors in urban areas, were photochemically oxidized in an outdoor smog chamber in the presence of either non-acidified or acidified ammonium sulfate seed aerosol. Effects of chemical structure, acidity and relative humidity on OS formation were examined. Aerosols collected from all experiments were characterized by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization high-resolution quadrupole time-of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-HR-QTOFMS). Most of the OSs identified could be explained by formation of gaseous epoxide precursors with subsequent acid-catalyzed reactive uptake onto sulfate aerosol. The OSs identified here were also observed and quantified in fine urban aerosol samples collected in Lahore, Pakistan, and Pasadena, USA. Many of the OSs identified from the photooxidation of decalin and cyclodecane are isobars of known monoterpene organosulfates, and thus care must be taken in the analysis of alkane-derived organosulfates in urban aerosol.
title: Pelvic endometriosis: Spectrum of imaging findings
Creators: name: Manzella, Adonis
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Pelvis
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Staging
subject: Cysts
subject: Haemorrhage

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1- Review the classification, staging and clinical manifestations of pelvic endometriosis 2- Be familiar with the imaging characteristics of this disease 3- Access the differential diagnosis (including specific signs which may be helpful for...
title: Noise reduction and spatial resolution in CT imaging with the ASIR iterative reconstruction algorithm at different doses and contrasts – a phantom study.
Creators: name: Fantacci, Maria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quality assurance
subject: Physics
subject: CT
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: In the last few years, Computed Tomography (CT) has became an essential diagnostical imaging technique, which daily helps to save many lives. However, in industrialized countries, CT is the largest source of population exposure to ionizing...
title: Book review : Ward, A. (2014). Leadership in residential child care: A relationship–based approach. Norwich: The Smokehouse Press. 184pp. ISBN 9780957633537
Creators: name: Horner, Nigel
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2015

description: This delightfully candid book, drawing upon the full length of the author's extensive experience over five decades of working with, researching, and writing about children and young people in residential group care settings, exemplifies the value of understanding our historic present. As Olive Stevenson (1998, p. 154) so aptly observed: 'British child welfare has suffered from a lack of historical reflection: to acknowledge the distinctive and unique problems that we face today does not invalidate comparisons with the past'. If you are looking for an incisive, insightful, restorative text to begin to address this perceived deficit in your understanding of how practice wisdom can be accrued through time, then you can do no better than starting with Adrian Ward's considered reflections.
First upper limits on neutrino electromagnetic properties from the CONUS experiment
Creators: name: Bonet, H.
name: Bonhomme, A.
name: Buck, C.
name: Fülber, K.
name: Hakenmüller, J.
name: Hempfling, J.
name: Heusser, G.
name: Hugle, T.
name: Lindner, M.
name: Maneschg, W.
name: Rink, T.
name: Strecker, H.
name: Wink, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report first constraints on neutrino electromagnetic properties from neutrino-electron scattering using data obtained from the CONUS germanium detectors, i.e. an upper limit on the effective neutrino magnetic moment and an upper limit on the effective neutrino millicharge. The electron antineutrinos are emitted from the 3.9 GW$_\mathrm{th}$ reactor core of the Brokdorf nuclear power plant in Germany. The CONUS low background detectors are positioned at 17.1 m distance from the reactor core center. The analyzed data set includes 689.1 kg$\cdot$d collected during reactor ON periods and 131.0 kg$\cdot$d collected during reactor OFF periods in the energy range of 2 to 8 keV$_{ee}$. With the current statistics, we are able to determine an upper limit on the effective neutrino magnetic moment $μ_ν< 7.5\cdot10^{-11}\,μ_B$ at 90% confidence level. From this first magnetic moment limit we can derive an upper bound on the neutrino millicharge of $\vert q_ν\vert < 3.3\cdot10^{-12}\,e_0$.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Photonic beam-combiner for visible interferometry with SCExAO/FIRST: laboratory characterization and design optimization
Creators: name: Lallement, Manon
name: Huby, Elsa
name: Lacour, Sylvestre
name: Martin, Guillermo
name: Barjot, Kevin
name: Perrin, Guy
name: Rouan, Daniel
name: Lapeyrere, Vincent
name: Vievard, Sebastien
name: Guyon, Olivier
name: Lozi, Julien
name: Deo, Vincent
name: Kotani, Takayuki
name: Pham, Cecil
name: Cassagnettes, Cedric
name: Billat, Adrien
name: Cvetojevic, Nick
name: Marchis, Franck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrated optics are used to achieve astronomical interferometry inside robust and compact materials, improving the instrument's stability and sensitivity. In order to perform differential phase measurements at the H$α$ line (656.3 nm) with the 600-800 nm spectro-interferometer FIRST, a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is being developed in collaboration with TEEM Photonics. This PIC performs the interferometric combination of the beams coming from sub-apertures selected in the telescope pupil, thus implementing the pupil remapping technique to restore the diffraction limit of the telescope. In this work, we report on the latest developments carried out within the FIRST project to produce a high performance visible PIC. The PICs are manufactured by TEEM Photonics, using their technology based on $K_+:Na_+$ ion exchange in glass. The first part of the study consists in the experimental characterization of the fundamental properties of the waveguides, in order to build an accurate model, which is the basis for the design of more complex functions. In the second part, theoretical designs and their optimization for three types of combiner architectures are presented: symmetric directional coupler, asymmetric directional couplers and ABCD cells including achromatic phase shifters.
description: Preprint
Co-benefits of global and regional greenhouse gas mitigation for US air quality in 2050
Creators: name: Horowitz, Larry W.
name: Adelman, Zachariah
name: West, J. Jason
name: Bowden, Jared H.
name: Naik, Vaishali
name: Zhang, Yuqiang
name: Smith, Steven J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Policies to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will not only slow climate change but can also have ancillary benefits of improved air quality. Here we examine the co-benefits of both global and regional GHG mitigation for US air quality in 2050 at fine resolution, using dynamical downscaling methods, building on a previous global co-benefits study (West et al., 2013). The co-benefits for US air quality are quantified via two mechanisms: through reductions in co-emitted air pollutants from the same sources and by slowing climate change and its influence on air quality, following West et al. (2013). Additionally, we separate the total co-benefits into contributions from domestic GHG mitigation vs. mitigation in foreign countries. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to dynamically downscale future global climate to the regional scale and the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) program to directly process global anthropogenic emissions to the regional domain, and we provide dynamical boundary conditions from global simulations to the regional Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. The total co-benefits of global GHG mitigation from the RCP4.5 scenario compared with its reference are estimated to be higher in the eastern US (ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 µg m−3) than the west (0–0.4 µg m−3) for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), with an average of 0.47 µg m−3 over the US; for O3, the total co-benefits are more uniform at 2–5 ppb, with a US average of 3.55 ppb. Comparing the two mechanisms of co-benefits, we find that reductions in co-emitted air pollutants have a much greater influence on both PM2.5 (96 % of the total co-benefits) and O3 (89 % of the total) than the second co-benefits mechanism via slowing climate change, consistent with West et al. (2013). GHG mitigation from foreign countries contributes more to the US O3 reduction (76 % of the total) than that from domestic GHG mitigation only (24 %), highlighting the importance of global methane reductions and the intercontinental transport of air pollutants. For PM2.5, the benefits of domestic GHG control are greater (74 % of total). Since foreign contributions to co-benefits can be substantial, with foreign O3 benefits much larger than those from domestic reductions, previous studies that focus on local or regional co-benefits may greatly underestimate the total co-benefits of global GHG reductions. We conclude that the US can gain significantly greater domestic air quality co-benefits by engaging with other nations to control GHGs.
Post-Newtonian reference-ellipsoid for relativistic geodesy
Creators: name: Kopeikin, Sergei
name: Han, Wenbiao
name: Mazurova, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply general relativity to construct the post-Newtonian background manifold that serves as a reference spacetime in relativistic geodesy for conducting relativistic calculation of the geoid's undulation and the deflection of the plumb line from the vertical. We chose an axisymmetric ellipsoidal body made up of perfect homogeneous fluid uniformly rotating around a fixed axis, as a source generating the reference geometry. We, then, reformulate and extend hydrodynamic calculations of rotating fluids done by previous researchers to the realm of relativistic geodesy to set up algebraic equations defining the shape of the post-Newtonian reference ellipsoid. To complete this task, we explicitly perform all integrals characterizing gravitational field inside the fluid body and represent them in terms of the elementary functions depending on its eccentricity. We fully explore the coordinate freedom of the equations describing the post-Newtonian ellipsoid and demonstrate that the fractional deviation of the post-Newtonian level surface from the Maclaurin ellipsoid can be made much smaller than the previously anticipated estimate based on the coordinate gauge advocated by Bardeen and Chandrasekhar. We also derive the gauge-invariant relations of the post-Newtonian mass and the angular velocity of the rotating fluid with the parameters characterizing the shape of the post-Newtonian ellipsoid. We formulate the post-Newtonian theorems of Pizzetti and Clairaut that are used in geodesy to connect the geometric parameters of the reference ellipsoid to the physically measurable force of gravity at the pole and equator. Finally, we expand the post-Newtonian geodetic equations to the Taylor series with respect to the eccentricity of the ellipsoid and discuss their practical applications.
description: 32 pages, 2 figures, 71 references. Text improved and extended, one more figure included
Effects of speaking style on the shape of fundamental frequency distributions
Creators: name: Arantes, Pablo
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Phonetics and Phonology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Fundamental frequency
subject: Prosody
subject: Speaking style

description: The present study engages with an established tradition in the literature concerning the description of possible effects of speaking style on prosodic features in general, and more specifically on the fundamental frequency (f0 hereafter). One of the goals here is to describe the effect of three speaking styles (spontaneous interview, sentence reading and word list reading) on statistical estimators of f0 variability (mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis). A second tradition in the previous literature we also address in this study is the statistical modeling of f0 contours, especially what theoretical statistical distribution best fits empirical f0 distributions. Although there is a widespread believe that f0 distributions are normally distributed, the few previous studies that actually run distribution fitting analysis failed to corroborate this claim. There has been no attempt that we know of to try to fit other types of theoretical distributions to f0 data. One of the goals of the present study is to try a number of theoretical distributions that may be more appropriate to describe f0 data. The choice of theoretical distributions to test was based of the fact that f0 distributions tend to be left-skewed and have significant excess kurtosis. The data to be analyzed is the Brazilian Portuguese (BP hereafter) subset of a database of recordings called "A typology for word stress and speech rhythm based on acoustic and perceptual considerations". More info on the database, such as information on the goals of the research, data collection procedures and demographic information about the participants can be found at https://wordstress.ling.su.se. The BP subset is comprised of samples taken from five female and five male university students from cities around the Campinas city region, northwest of São Paulo state’s capital city. The corpus was designed to elicit three different speaking styles: spontaneous speech, read phrases and read words. Spontaneous speech was elicited by way of informal semi-directed interviews with participants conducted by a native speaker that worked for the project. These recordings were then transcribed and used to produce manuscripts for the other two speaking styles. Phrases containing suitable target words were selected in the interview recordings from stretches of fluent speech that had no speech errors. At a next stage, the speakers were called back and asked to read the phrases and words they had produced in their spontaneous speech.
title: Peritoneal thickening with fat stranding: peritoneal metastasis and beyond.
Creators: name: Diez, Elena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Inflammation
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: * To expose the normal peritoneal anatomy to procure a proper understanding of imaging findings. * To describe the wide spectrum of diseases that affect the peritoneum. * To illustrate the principal radiological findings of these entities with CT as...
Ultimate Speed Limits to the Growth of Operator Complexity
Creators: name: Hörnedal, Niklas
name: Carabba, Nicoletta
name: Matsoukas-Roubeas, Apollonas S.
name: del Campo, Adolfo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an isolated system, the time evolution of a given observable in the Heisenberg picture can be efficiently represented in Krylov space. In this representation, an initial operator becomes increasingly complex as time goes by, a feature that can be quantified by the Krylov complexity. We introduce a fundamental and universal limit to the growth of the Krylov complexity by formulating a Robertson uncertainty relation, involving the Krylov complexity operator and the Liouvillian, as generator of time evolution. We further show the conditions for this bound to be saturated and illustrate its validity in paradigmatic models of quantum chaos.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
title: Book review : Burton, J. (2015). Leading good care: the task, heart and art of managing social care. Jessica Kingsley, 208pp. ISBN 9781849055512
Creators: name: McPheat, Graham
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2015

description: Leading good care: the task, heart and art of managing social care (2015) by John Burton is an interesting read and one that I enjoyed. It is by no means a typical textbook and many readers may enjoy it all the more for that fact. There is little in the way of academic references or citations. Instead, integrated throughout the book are four fictional stories based around managers dealing with and responding to a series of management and leadership challenges. Whilst these stories are fictional, they very much draw from the current realities and challenges facing managers and leaders in the social care sector.
title: DXA-assessed changes in body composition in obese women following two different weight loss programs
Creators: name: Ponti, Federico
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Management
subject: Absorptiometry / Bone densitometry
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Eating disorders
subject: Metabolic disorders

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Obesity is a condition of abnormal or excessive body fat accumulation that compromise the health status in a significant way. The amount of excess body fat and its distribution within the body, lead to different consequences on health status [1]. In...
Quantum few-body bound states of dipolar particles in a helical geometry
Creators: name: Pedersen, J. K.
name: Fedorov, D. V.
name: Jensen, A. S.
name: Zinner, N. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a quantum mechanical system consisting of up to three identical dipoles confined to move along a helical shaped trap. The long-range interactions between particles confined to move in this one dimension leads to an interesting effective two-particle potential with an oscillating behaviour. For this system we calculate the spectrum and the wave functions of the bound states. The full quantum solutions show clear imprints of the tendency for the system to form chains of dipoles along the helix, i.e. a configuration in which the dipoles are sitting approximately one winding of the helix apart so that they can take maximal advantage of the strong head-to-tail attraction that is a generic feature of the dipole-dipole interaction.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures and 1 table
title: Are there advantages in full iterative reconstruction in CT imaging compared to hybrid iterative approaches in low-contrast detectability? - A Phantom study.
Creators: name: Tokuyasu, Sinichi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Physics
subject: Observer performance
subject: CT
subject: Liver
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Filtered back projection (FBP) has been standard reconstruction for computed tomography because of fast reconstruction speed and flexibility of reconstruction kernel to suite a diagnostic purpose. As FBP’s linear algorithm, image quality depends...
Barriers and Facilitators of Disaster Preparedness for Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Creators: name: Nmadu, Yeka
name: Aremu, Oluwafemi
name: Osisioma, Wisdom
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Health and Medical Administration
subject: disaster preparedness

description: Systematic Review
title: Preoperative detection and localization of sentinel lymph nodes using contrast-enhanced lymphatic ultrasonography in early stage breast cancer
Creators: name: Sekiguchi, Ryuzo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Surgery
subject: Contrast agent-other
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Contrast agents
subject: Breast

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Axillary staging by sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is golden standard procedure for breast cancer patients with clinically negative axilla [1,2]. As standard techniques of SLN biopsy, the radioisotope method and the blue-dye method are known...
ESCAPE project: fundamental detection limits of JWST/NIRCam coronographic observations
Creators: name: Godoy, N.
name: Choquet, E.
name: Altinier, L.
name: Lau, A.
name: Mayer, R.
name: Vigan, A.
name: Mary, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we explored the fundamental contrast limit of NIRCam coronagraphy observations, representing the achievable performance with post-processing techniques. This limit is influenced by photon noise and readout noise, with complex noise propagation through post-processing methods like principal component analysis. We employed two approaches: developing a formula based on simplified scenarios and using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, assuming Gaussian noise properties and uncorrelated pixel noise. Tested on datasets HIP\,65426, AF\,Lep, and HD\,114174, the MCMC method provided accurate but computationally intensive estimates. The analytical approach offered quick, reliable estimates closely matching MCMC results in simpler scenarios. Our findings showed the fundamental contrast curve is significantly deeper than the current achievable contrast limit obtained with post-processing techniques at shorter separations, being 10 times deeper at $0.5''$ and 4 times deeper at $1''$. At greater separations, increased exposure time improves sensitivity, with the transition between photon and readout noise dominance occurring between $2''$ and $3''$. We conclude the analytical approach is a reliable estimate of the fundamental contrast limit, offering a faster alternative to MCMC. These results emphasize the potential for greater sensitivity at shorter separations, highlighting the need for improved or new post-processing techniques to enhance JWST NIRCam sensitivity or contrast curve.
description: Proceeding of the SPIE July 2024
Identifying precursors and aqueous organic aerosol formation pathways during the SOAS campaign
Creators: name: Turpin, Barbara J.
name: Surratt, Jason D.
name: Mohr, Claudia
name: Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.
name: Lee, Ben
name: Zhang, Zhenfa
name: Sareen, Neha
name: Lim, Yong B.
name: Gold, Avram
name: Thornton, Joel A.
name: Carlton, Annmarie G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Aqueous multiphase chemistry in the atmosphere can lead to rapid transformation of organic compounds, forming highly oxidized low-volatility organic aerosol and, in some cases, light-absorbing (brown) carbon. Because liquid water is globally abundant, this chemistry could substantially impact climate, air quality, and health. Gas-phase precursors released from biogenic and anthropogenic sources are oxidized and fragmented, forming water-soluble gases that can undergo reactions in the aqueous phase (in clouds, fogs, and wet aerosols) leading to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOAAQ). Recent studies have highlighted the role of certain precursors like glyoxal, methylglyoxal, glycolaldehyde, acetic acid, acetone, and epoxides in the formation of SOAAQ. The goal of this work is to identify additional precursors and products that may be atmospherically important. In this study, ambient mixtures of water-soluble gases were scrubbed from the atmosphere into water at Brent, Alabama during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS). Hydroxyl (OH•) radical oxidation experiments were conducted with the aqueous mixtures collected from SOAS to better understand the formation of SOA through gas-phase followed by aqueous-phase chemistry. Total aqueous-phase organic carbon concentrations for these mixtures ranged from 92–179 µM-C, relevant for cloud and fog waters. Aqueous OH-reactive compounds were primarily observed as odd ions in the positive ion mode by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), indicative of alcohols, carbonyl compounds, and/or epoxides. Ultra high-resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) spectra and tandem MS (MS/MS) fragmentation of these ions were consistent with the presence of carbonyls and tetrols. Products were observed in the negative ion mode and included pyruvate and oxalate, which were confirmed by ion chromatography. Pyruvate and oxalate have been found in the particle phase in many locations (e.g., as salts and complexes). Thus, formation of pyruvate/oxalate suggests the potential for aqueous processing of these ambient mixtures to form SOAAQ.
Dehnen halo effect on a black hole in an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy
Creators: name: Pantig, Reggie C.
name: Övgün, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There had been recent advancement toward the detection of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, which may serve as a useful laboratory for dark matter exploration since some of them contains almost 99$\%$ of pure dark matter. The majority of these galaxies contain no black hole that inhabits them. Recently, there had been reports that some dwarf galaxies may have a black hole within. In this study, we construct a black hole solution combined with the Dehnen dark matter halo profile, which is commonly used for dwarf galaxies. We aim to find out whether there would be deviations relative to the standard black hole properties, which might allow determining whether the dark matter profile in an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy is cored or cuspy. To make the model more realistic, we applied the modified Newman-Janis prescription to obtain the rotating metric. We analyzed the black hole properties such as the event horizon, ergoregion, geodesics of time-like and null particles, and the black hole shadow. Using these observables, the results indicate the difficulty of distinguishing whether the dark matter is cored or cuspy. To find an observable that can potentially distinguish these two profiles, we also calculated the weak deflection angle to examine the effect of the Dehnen profile in finite distance and far approximation. Our results indicate that using the weak deflection angle is far better, in many orders of magnitude, in potentially differentiating these profiles. We conclude that although dwarf galaxies are dark matter-dominated places, the effect on the Dehnen profile is still dependent on the mass of the black hole, considering the method used herein.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures. v4 aligns with the published version
GKM actions on cohomogeneity one manifolds
Creators: name: Goertsches, Oliver
name: Loiudice, Eugenia
name: Russo, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider compact manifolds $M$ with a cohomogeneity one action of a compact Lie group $G$ such that the orbit space $M/G$ is a closed interval. For $T$ a maximal torus of $G$, we find necessary and sufficient conditions on the group diagram of $M$ such that the $T$-action on $M$ is of GKM type, and describe its GKM graph. The general results are illustrated on explicit examples.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. Minor changes, in particular additional explanations were added in the proof of Proposition 2.3. Proposition 3.6 added. Results are unchanged
title: Percutaneous transarterial aortic valve replacement. A practical tutorial for radiologists and how to approach special situations.
Creators: name: Diaz-Zamudio, Mariana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geriatrics
subject: Stents
subject: Arterial access
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Cardiac
subject: Arteries / Aorta

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The aim of this exhibit is: 1- To review clinical indications and technique in Percutaneous transarterial aortic valve replacement (TAVR). 2- To review the role of radiologists in the evaluation and planning previous to procedure. 3- To describe...
SiGMa-Net: Deep learning network to distinguish binary black hole signals from short-duration noise transients
Creators: name: Choudhary, Sunil
name: More, Anupreeta
name: Suyamprakasam, Sudhagar
name: Bose, Sukanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blip glitches, a type of short-duration noise transient in the LIGO--Virgo data, are a nuisance for the binary black hole (BBH) searches. They affect the BBH search sensitivity significantly because their time-domain morphologies are very similar, and that creates difficulty in vetoing them. In this work, we construct a deep-learning neural network to efficiently distinguish BBH signals from blip glitches. We introduce sine-Gaussian projection (SGP) maps, which are projections of GW frequency-domain data snippets on a basis of sine-Gaussians defined by the quality factor and central frequency. We feed the SGP maps to our deep-learning neural network, which classifies the BBH signals and blips. Whereas the BBH signals are simulated, the blips used are taken from real data throughout our analysis. We show that our network significantly improves the identification of the BBH signals in comparison to the results obtained using traditional-$χ^2$ and sine-Gaussian $χ^2$. For example, our network improves the sensitivity by 75% at a false-positive rate of $10^{-2}$ for BBHs with total mass in the range $[80,140]~M_{\odot}$ and SNR in the range $[3,8]$. Also, it correctly identifies 95% of the real GW events in GWTC-3. The computation time for classification is a few minutes for thousands of SGP maps on a single core. With further optimisation in the next version of our algorithm, we expect a further reduction in the computational cost. Our proposed method can potentially improve the veto process in the LIGO--Virgo GW data analysis and conceivably support identifying GW signals in low-latency pipelines.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures and 2 tables. Reviewed by LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) with preprint number LIGO-P2100485
Imaging Cyclotron Orbits of Electrons in Graphene
Creators: name: Bhandari, S.
name: Lee, G. H.
name: Klales, A.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Heller, E.
name: Kim, P.
name: Westervelt, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrons in graphene can travel for several microns without scattering at low temperatures, and their motion becomes ballistic, following classical trajectories. When a magnetic field B is applied perpendicular to the plane, electrons follow cyclotron orbits. Magnetic focusing occurs when electrons injected from one narrow contact focus onto a second contact located an integer number of cyclotron diameters away. By tuning the magnetic field B and electron density n in the graphene layer, we observe magnetic focusing peaks. We use a cooled scanning gate microscope to image cyclotron trajectories in graphene at 4.2 K. The tip creates a local change in density that casts a shadow by deflecting electrons flowing nearby; an image of flow can be obtained by measuring the transmission between contacts as the tip is raster scanned across the sample. On the first magnetic focusing peak, we image a cyclotron orbit that extends from one point contact to the other. In addition, we study the geometry of orbits deflected into the second point contact by the tip.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, submitted for publication
title: Editorial
Creators: name: Steckley, Laura
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2015

description: Welcome to this last issue for 2015 of the Scottish Journal of Residential Child Care. If you are reading these words, then you will have likely noticed our new look. CELCIS (the Centre for Looked After Children in Scotland) recently launched a new and improved website, and with it, our new microsite. The changes we've made should improve ease of navigation around the Journal. We also plan to link into the CELCIS blog from time to time between journal issues to connect current events with content from the journal, and to stay connected, though the process of migrating all of the back issues is not yet complete. Many thanks to Kathleen Doyle, Anne Macleod, Janelle MacMillan and Graham Connelly for their ongoing hard work to make sure we have a website fit for purpose and populated with a legacy of rich contributions from these last 12 years.
HS20 M04 P10
Creators: name: Bänninger, Joel
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: attentional blink
subject: Dopamin
subject: M.I.N.I.
subject: RSVP

description: Dieses Projekt bezweckt die Replikation einer Studie von Colzato et al. (2008). Im Zentrum steht die Annahme, dass der Dopamin-Level den sogenannten Attentional blink beeinflusst.
Photochemical Organonitrate Formation in Wet Aerosols
Creators: name: Lim, Yong Bin
name: Turpin, Barbara J.
name: Kim, Jin Young
name: Kim, Hwajin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Water is the most abundant component of atmospheric fine aerosol. However, despite rapid progress, multiphase chemistry involving wet aerosols is still poorly understood. In this work, we report results from smog chamber photooxidation of glyoxal and OH – containing ammonium sulfate or sulfuric acid particles in the presence of NOx and O3 at high and low relative humidity. Particles were analyzed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS).

 During the 3 hour irradiation, OH oxidation products of glyoxal that are also produced in dilute aqueous solutions (e.g., oxalic acids and tartaric acids) were formed in both ammonium sulfate (AS) aerosols and sulfuric acid (SA) aerosols. However, the major products were organonitrogens (CHNO), organosulfates (CHOS), and organonitrogen-sulfates (CHNOS). These were also the dominant products formed in the dark chamber indicating non-radical formation. In the humid chamber (> 70 % RH), two main products for both AS and SA aerosols were organonitrates, which appeared at m/z− 147 and 226. They were formed in the aqueous phase via non-radical reactions of glyoxal and nitric acid, and their formation was enhanced by photochemistry because of the photochemical formation of nitric acid via reactions of peroxy radicals, NOx and OH during the irradiation.