cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neural reactivation links unconscious thought to decision-making performance.
Creators: name: J. David Creswell
name: Bursley, James K.
name: Satpute, Ajay B.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Brief periods of unconscious thought (UT) have been shown to improve decision making compared with making an immediate decision (ID). We reveal a neural mechanism for UT in decision making using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants (N = 33) encoded information on a set of consumer products (e.g. 48 attributes describing four different cars), and we manipulated whether participants (i) consciously thought about this information (conscious thought), (ii) completed a difficult 2-back working memory task (UT) or (iii) made an immediate decision about the consumer products (ID) in a within-subjects blocked design. To differentiate UT neural activity from 2-back working memory neural activity, participants completed an independent 2-back task and this neural activity was subtracted from neural activity occurring during the UT 2-back task. Consistent with a neural reactivation account, we found that the same regions activated during the encoding of complex decision information (right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left intermediate visual cortex) continued to be activated during a subsequent 2-min UT period. Moreover, neural reactivation in these regions was predictive of subsequent behavioral decision-making performance after the UT period. These results provide initial evidence for post-encoding unconscious neural reactivation in facilitating decision making.
On infrared and ultraviolet divergences of cosmological perturbations
Creators: name: Marozzi, Giovanni
name: Rinaldi, Massimiliano
name: Durrer, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a consistent infrared and ultraviolet regularization scheme for the cosmological perturbations. The infrared divergences are cured by assuming that the Universe undergoes a transition between a non-singular pre-inflationary, radiation-dominated phase and a slow-roll inflationary evolution. The ultraviolet divergences are eliminated via adiabatic subtraction. A consistent regularization of the field fluctuations through this transition is obtained by performing a mode matching for both the gauge invariant Mukhanov variable and its adiabatic expansion. We show that these quantities do not generate ultraviolet divergences other than the standard ones, when evolving through the matching time. We also show how the de Witt-Schwinger expansion, which can be used to construct the counter-terms regularizing the ultraviolet divergences, ceases to be valid well before horizon exit of the scales of interest. Thus, such counter-terms should not be used beyond the time of the horizon exit so it is unlikely that the observed power spectrum is modified by adiabatic subtraction as claimed in the literature. However, the infrared regularization might have an impact on the observed spectrum, and we briefly discuss this possibility.
description: 10 pages, 4 plots, revTex. Reference and comment added, matches version published in Phys. Rev. D 83, 105017 (2011)
Keynes Between the Classics and Sraffa: on the Issue of the Numéraire
Creators: name: Magnani, Michele
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2019
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: The paper sketches a coherent history of the choice of the measure standard from Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations to Sraffa’s Production of Commodities. As neither the Smithian labour commanded unit nor the Ricardian-Marxian labour embodied one provide a general solution to the dilemma concerning the finding of an invariable standard, the author shows the shortcomings of both methods in an analytically rigorous way. Several years later, the largely unacknowledged fourth chapter of the General Theory once again tackles the matter of measuring aggregate values adopting a net approach and introducing an ad hoc unit. Concerned by the inherent difficulties of the operation, Keynes starts from an harsh criticism towards Pigou’s notion of national dividend to end up asking himself a number of questions that makes him partially lean towards the later Sraffian approach as presented in Production of Commodities, though his stance is not fully compliant either with the premises or the aims of Piero Sraffa’s theoretical framework. In the final part, a general solution based on net labour productivity is considered.
Riesz transforms on solvable extensions of stratified groups
Creators: name: Martini, Alessio
name: Vallarino, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E30, 42B20, 42B30

description: Let $G = N \rtimes A$, where $N$ is a stratified group and $A = \mathbb{R}$ acts on $N$ via automorphic dilations. Homogeneous sub-Laplacians on $N$ and $A$ can be lifted to left-invariant operators on $G$ and their sum is a sub-Laplacian $Δ$ on $G$. Here we prove weak type $(1,1)$, $L^p$-boundedness for $p \in (1,2]$ and $H^1 \to L^1$ boundedness of the Riesz transforms $Y Δ^{-1/2}$ and $Y Δ^{-1} Z$, where $Y$ and $Z$ are any horizontal left-invariant vector fields on $G$, as well as the corresponding dual boundedness results. At the crux of the argument are large-time bounds for spatial derivatives of the heat kernel, which are new when $Δ$ is not elliptic.
description: 20 pages. This work sharpens and extends heat kernel estimates initially proved in arXiv:1504.03862
Quantum dynamics of a high-finesse optical cavity coupled with a thin semi-transparent membrane
Creators: name: Biancofiore, C.
name: Karuza, M.
name: Galassi, M.
name: Natali, R.
name: Tombesi, P.
name: Di Giuseppe, G.
name: Vitali, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum dynamics of the cavity optomechanical system formed by a Fabry-Perot cavity with a thin vibrating membrane at its center. We first derive the general multimode Hamiltonian describing the radiation pressure interaction between the cavity modes and the vibrational modes of the membrane. We then restrict the analysis to the standard case of a single cavity mode interacting with a single mechanical resonator and we determine to what extent optical absorption by the membrane hinder reaching a quantum regime for the cavity-membrane system. We show that membrane absorption does not pose serious limitations and that one can simultaneously achieve ground state cooling of a vibrational mode of the membrane and stationary optomechanical entanglement with state-of-the-art apparatuses.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Multi-omics and pathway analyses of genome-wide associations implicate regulation and immunity in verbal declarative memory performance
Creators: name: Mei, Hao
name: Simino, Jeannette
name: Li, Lianna
name: Jiang, Fan
name: Bis, Joshua C.
name: Davies, Gail
name: Hill, W David
name: Xia, Charley
name: Gudnason, Vilmundur
name: Yang, Qiong
name: Lahti, Jari
name: Smith, Jennifer A.
name: Kirin, Mirna
name: De Jager, Philip
name: Armstrong, Nicola J.
name: Ghanbari, Mohsen
name: Kolcic, Ivana
name: Moran, Christopher
name: Teumer, Alexander
name: Sargurupremraj, Murali
name: Mahmud, Shamsed
name: Fornage, Myriam
name: Zhao, Wei
name: Satizabal, Claudia L.
name: Polasek, Ozren
name: Räikkönen, Katri
name: Liewald, David C.
name: Homuth, Georg
name: Callisaya, Michele
name: Mather, Karen A.
name: Windham, B. Gwen
name: Zemunik, Tatijana
name: Palotie, Aarno
name: Pattie, Alison
name: van der Auwera, Sandra
name: Thalamuthu, Anbupalam
name: Knopman, David S.
name: Rudan, Igor
name: Starr, John M.
name: Wittfeld, Katharina
name: Kochan, Nicole A.
name: Griswold, Michael E.
name: Vitart, Veronique
name: Brodaty, Henry
name: Gottesman, Rebecca
name: Cox, Simon R.
name: Psaty, Bruce M.
name: Boerwinkle, Eric
name: Chasman, Daniel I.
name: Grodstein, Francine
name: Sachdev, Perminder S.
name: Srikanth, Velandai
name: Hayward, Caroline
name: Wilson, James F.
name: Eriksson, Johan G.
name: Kardia, Sharon L. R.
name: Grabe, Hans J.
name: Bennett, David A.
name: Ikram, M. Arfan
name: Deary, Ian J.
name: van Duijn, Cornelia M.
name: Launer, Lenore
name: Fitzpatrick, Annette L.
name: Seshadri, Sudha
name: Bressler, Jan
name: Debette, Stephanie
name: Mosley, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Text. Table S1. Sample size and the number of SNPs in the paragraph delayed recall GWAS from each discovery and replication cohort. Table S2. Sample size and the number of SNPs in the word list delayed recall GWAS from each discovery and replication cohort. Table S3. Tissue-specific relationships between delayed recall test (PAR-dr and WL-dr) summary SNP associations and eQTLs and meQTLs. Table S4. Relationship Between Delayed Recall Summary Gene Associations and Transcription Factor Genes. Table S5. Significant Genes Associated with Paragraph Delayed Recall (PAR-dr) and Word List Delayed Recall (WL-dr). Table S6. Significant component genes in the six memory-associated pathways. Table S7. Homologous genes in memory-associated pathways for differential expression analysis. Figure S1. GWAS cohorts and microarray expression datasets. Figure S2. Design of the pathway analyses. Figure S3. Forest plots of significant pathway enrichment effects and p-values from discovery cohorts (Approach 1).
Anderson localization in quantum chaos: scaling and universality
Creators: name: Garcia-Garcia, Antonio M.
name: Wang, Jiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one parameter scaling theory is a powerful tool to investigate Anderson localization effects in disordered systems. In this paper we show this theory can be adapted to the context of quantum chaos provided that the classical phase space is homogeneous, not mixed. The localization problem in this case is defined in momentum, not in real space. We then employ the one parameter scaling theory to: a) propose a precise characterization of the type of classical dynamics related to the Wigner-Dyson and Poisson statistics which also predicts in what situations Anderson localization corrections invalidate the relation between classical chaos and random matrix theory encoded in the Bohigas-Schmit-Giannoni conjecture, b) to identify the universality class associated with the metal-insulator transition in quantum chaos. In low dimensions it is characterized by classical superdiffusion, in higher dimensions it has in general a quantum origin as in the case of disordered systems. We illustrate these two cases by studying 1$d$ kicked rotors with non analytical potentials and a 3$d$ kicked rotor with a smooth potential.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings 3rd Workshop on Quantum Chaos and Localisation Phenomena, 25 - 27 May 2007 - Warsaw, Poland
A price worth paying. A strategy for mobilising and utilising resources for the education sector in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Bird, S.
name: Allan, J.
name: Desta, G.
name: Diaz, O.
name: Gruber, B.
name: Korma, B.
name: Philiche, A.
name: Schneider, T.
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019
Subjects: Resource
Mobilising
Utilising

description: This study draws on the work of the Education Commission in advocating for reform and investment to tackle the global learning crisis and achieve the Learning Generation, or what its Chair and UN Special Envoy for Global Education has characterised as “the civil rights struggle of our generation”. Analysing key topics such as tax revenue, cost sharing, school readiness, gender equity, teacher education, results-based funding, and business engagement in education, its principal aim is to be a catalyst for improvement based on country ownership.
Cissidium longum Darby 2019
Creators: name: Darby, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Ptiliidae
Cissidium
Cissidium longum

description: Cissidium longum Darby, 2019
Fig. 53
Material examined
Holotype MALAYSIA • ♀; Sarawak, 4 th division, Gunung Mulu National Park; May–Aug. 1978; P.M. Hammond and J.E. Marshall leg.; BM 1978-49; base camp, alluvial forest litter near laboratory; BMNH.
Supplementary description
The following description amplifies the type description of Darby (2019), in particular by adding more details of the meso- and metaventral characters, in order to conform with the entries in the present paper.
SIZE. Habitus (Fig. 53A), length 0.67 mm.
COLOUR. Yellow, shining, antennae, legs and pubescence yellow.
HEAD. Distance across eyes 0.20 mm; antennomeres III–XI, length 0.37 mm, III–IX length 0.22 mm, X–XI length 0.15 mm; mentum as Fig. 4A.
PRONOTUM. Length 0.19 mm, width 0.29 mm, with three or four foveae joining to form short longitudinal depressions on each side of the base, foveolate on disc and at sides; side margins strongly sinuate posteriorly, hind angles acute, wider than elytra, anterior angles rounded, bordered, the border not continued along the posterior margin, medial emargination opposite the scutellum sinuous (Fig. 53B).
ELYTRA. Length 0.43 mm, width 0.37 mm, basal third strongly foveolate.
MESOVENTRITE. Without pubescence, almost imperceptibly reticulate, medial projection of collar very small expanding to meet keel, mid-keel much reduced without anterior or posterior angles, tapering posteriorly to join keel, the junction marked by a series of ± six small raised bumps (possibly once setae bearing?); keel terminating past interruptions of mesocoxal margins; humeri toothed; mesoventral lateral margins long and straight then rectangular with rounded angles, without serrations (Fig. 53C).
METAVENTRITE. Length 0.13 mm, pubescent, width across spines 0.10 mm, posterior margin of mesocoxae serrate.
Remarks
This is the only species from Malaysia in this group which has angulate lateral margins to the mesoventrite.
description: Published as part of Darby, Michael, 2020, A revision of Cissidium Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) with seventy seven new species, pp. 1-188 in European Journal of Taxonomy 622 on pages 83-85, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.622, http://zenodo.org/record/3777282
Ternary iron selenide K$_{0.8}$Fe$_{1.6}$Se$_2$ is an antiferromagnetic semiconductor
Creators: name: Yan, Xun-Wang
name: Gao, Miao
name: LU, Zhong-Yi
name: Xiang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied electronic and magnetic structures of K$_{0.8+x}$Fe$_{1.6}$Se$_2$ by performing the first-principles electronic structure calculations. The ground state of the Fe-vacancies ordered K$_{0.8}$Fe$_{1.6}$Se$_2$ is found to be a quasi-two-dimensional blocked checkerboard antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor with an energy gap of 594 meV and a large ordering magnetic moment of 3.37 $μ_B$ for each Fe atom, in excellent agreement with the neutron scattering measurement. The underlying mechanism is the chemical-bonding-driven tetramer lattice distortion. K$_{0.8+x}$Fe$_{1.6}$Se$_2$ with finite $x$ is a doped AFM semiconductor with low conducting carrier concentration which is approximately proportional to the excess potassium content, consistent qualitatively with the infrared observation. Our study reveals the importance of the interplay between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in these materials. This suggests that K$_{0.8}$Fe$_{1.6}$Se$_2$, instead of KFe$_2$Se$_2$, should be regarded as a parent compound from which the superconductivity emerges upon electron or hole doping.
description: 4 pages and 6 figures; add new calculations and discussion about electron- or hole- doping effect upon AFM semiconductor K0.8Fe1.6Se2
Dynamical Negative Differential Resistance in Antiferromagnetically Coupled Few-Atom Spin-Chains
Creators: name: Rolf-Pissarczyk, Steffen
name: Yan, Shichao
name: Malavolti, Luigi
name: Burgess, Jacob A. J.
name: McMurtrie, Gregory
name: Loth, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the appearance of negative differential resistance (NDR) in spin-dependent electron transport through a few-atom spin-chain. A chain of three antiferromagnetically coupled Fe atoms(Fe trimer) was positioned on a Cu2N/Cu(100) surface and contacted with the spin-polarized tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, thus coupling the Fe trimer to one non-magnetic and one magnetic lead. Pronounced NDR appears at the low bias of 7 mV where inelastic electron tunneling dynamically locks the atomic spin in a long-lived excited state. This causes a rapid increase of the magnetoresistance between spin-polarized tip and Fe trimer and quenches elastic tunneling. By varying the coupling strength between tip and Fe trimer we find that in this transport regime the dynamic locking of the Fe trimer competes with magnetic exchange interaction, which statically forces the Fe trimer into the high-magnetoresistance state and removes the NDR.
(1-8) Dry Matter Partitioning.pdf
Creators: name: Hoque, Md. Azizul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 70601 Horticultural Crop Growth and Development
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: Abstract An experiment was conducted at the research field of the department of horticulture,Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, during the potatogrowing season of 2013–14 with four potato varieties viz. Asterix, Cardinal, Diamant andGranola to study the pattern of partitioning dry matter at different days after planting (DAP).Results revealed that at 30 DAP; maximum dry mass was partitioned to leaves and minimum totubers, in all varieties. At 40 DAP, maximum dry mass was found to be partitioned to leavesfollowed by tuber, stem and roots. But at 50 DAP and onwards, higher dry matter waspartitioned to tubers followed by leaf, stem and roots. Dry matter distribution to the tubers wasfound maximum between 40 and 60 days in all the varieties. More than 80% dry matter waspartitioned to tubers at 80 DAP in all varieties. Granola distributed the highest (more than75%) dry matter to tubers at 70 DAP but it obtained the lowest dry matter accumulation perplant. In other varieties, about or more than 80% dry matter was partitioned to tuber at 80 DAP.The variety Granola may be harvested within 70–80 days after planting and the other varietiesafter 80 days of planting.
Cissidium mahleri Darby 2020, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Darby, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Ptiliidae
Cissidium
Cissidium mahleri

description: Cissidium mahleri sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FCBA1166-5BB1-496E-B971-2DAB12C75938
Fig. 54
Etymology
Named after the collector V. Mahler.
Material examined
Holotype SRI LANKA • ♀; Pidurutalagala; 2480 m a.s.l.; 18 Dec. 1979; V. Mahler leg.; MMUE.
Description
SIZE. Habitus (Fig. 54A), length 0.61 mm.
COLOUR. Yellow.
HEAD. With a shallow median fovea between the eyes, width across eyes 0.18 mm; antennomeres missing; mentum and prementum obscured.
PRONOTUM. Length 0.14 mm, width 0.25 mm, densely pubescent and foveolate; sides rounded continuing almost parallel-sided to slightly acute hind angles, bordered, the border not continued along the basal margin, medial emargination opposite scutellum sinuous (Fig. 54B).
ELYTRA. Length 0.42 mm, width 0.34 mm; densely pubescent and foveolate as pronotum.
MESOVENTRITE. Median process of mesoventral collar broad, widening posteriorly; mid-keel short, widenend and effaced anteriorly creating two semi-circular depressions, hind angles rounded not reaching mesocoxal anterior borders, raised slightly before joining keel; keel with ± eight setae from concave foveolae, tapering to bluntly pointed termination posteriad to the interruption point of the mesocoxal margins; mesoventral lateral margins serrate posteriorly; humeri sloping posteriorly, barely toothed (Fig. 54C).
METAVENTRITE. Length 0.15 mm, setose, disc simple, width across spines 0.09 mm.
WINGS. Macropterous.
GENITALIA. Female spermatheca slightly pear-shaped.
Remarks
One of the only two species of Cissidium from Sri Lanka in this group. Distinguished from C. pilosellum sp. nov. by the shorter and broader median extension of the mesoventral collar.
description: Published as part of Darby, Michael, 2020, A revision of Cissidium Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) with seventy seven new species, pp. 1-188 in European Journal of Taxonomy 622 on pages 85-86, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.622, http://zenodo.org/record/3777282
Thermoelectric studies of KxFe2-ySe2: weakly correlated superconductor
Creators: name: Wang, Kefeng
name: Lei, Hechang
name: Petrovic, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report thermal transport measurement of KxFe2-ySe2 superconducting single crystal. Significant peak anomaly in thermal conductivity is observed at nearly TC/2 indicating a large phonon mean-free-path in the superconducting state. The zero-temperature extrapolated thermoelectric power is smaller than the value in typical strongly correlated superconductors, implying large normalized Fermi temperature. In contrast to other iron superconductors, thermoelectric power in our sample does not exhibit significant anomalies. These findings indicate that KxFe2-ySe2 is a weakly or intermediately correlated superconductor without significant Fermi surface nesting.
description: Revised version, 5 pages, 5 figures, Will appear in Physical Review B
Neural mechanisms of symptom improvements in generalized anxiety disorder following mindfulness training.
Creators: name: Hölzel, Britta K.
name: Hoge, Elizabeth A.
name: Greve, Douglas N.
name: Gard, Tim
name: J. David Creswell
name: Brown, Kirk Warren
name: Barrett, Lisa Feldman
name: Schwartz, Carl
name: Vaitl, Dieter
name: Lazar, Sara W.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Mindfulness training aims to impact emotion regulation. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms can be successfully addressed through mindfulness-based interventions. This preliminary study is the first to investigate neural mechanisms of symptom improvements in GAD following mindfulness training. Furthermore, we compared brain activation between GAD patients and healthy participants at baseline. 26 patients with a current DSM-IV GAD diagnosis were randomized to an 8-week Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR, N = 15) or a stress management education (SME, N = 11) active control program. 26 healthy participants were included for baseline comparisons. BOLD response was assessed with fMRI during affect labeling of angry and neutral facial expressions. At baseline, GAD patients showed higher amygdala activation than healthy participants in response to neutral, but not angry faces, suggesting that ambiguous stimuli reveal stronger reactivity in GAD patients. In patients, amygdala activation in response to neutral faces decreased following both interventions. BOLD response in ventrolateral prefrontal regions (VLPFC) showed greater increase in MBSR than SME participants. Functional connectivity between amygdala and PFC regions increased significantly pre- to post-intervention within the MBSR, but not SME group. Both, change in VLPFC activation and amygdala-prefrontal connectivity were correlated with change in Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores, suggesting clinical relevance of these changes. Amygdala-prefrontal connectivity turned from negative coupling (typically seen in down-regulation of emotions), to positive coupling; potentially suggesting a unique mechanism of mindfulness. Findings suggest that in GAD, mindfulness training leads to changes in fronto-limbic areas crucial for the regulation of emotion; these changes correspond with reported symptom improvements.
Exploiting simultaneous multi-frequency observations to probe polar-cap processes
Creators: name: Maan, Yogesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sub-pulse drifting has been regarded as one of the most insightful aspects of the pulsar radio emission. The phenomenon is generally explained with a system of emission sub-beams rotating around the magnetic axis, originating from a carousel of sparks near the pulsar surface (the carousel model). Since the observed radio emission at different frequencies is generated at different altitudes in the pulsar magnetosphere, corresponding sampling of the carousel on the polar cap differs slightly in magnetic latitude. When this aspect is considered, it is shown here that the carousel model predicts important observable effects in multi-frequency or wide-band observations. Also presented here are brief mentions of how this aspect can be exploited to probe the electrodynamics in the polar cap by estimating various physical quantities, and correctly interpret various carousel related phenomena, in addition to test the carousel model itself.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 337 Pulsar Astrophysics - The Next 50 Years
Molecular pharming to support human life on the moon, mars, and beyond
Creators: name: McNulty, Matthew J.
name: Xiong, Yongao
name: Yates, Kevin
name: Karuppanan, Kalimuthu
name: Hilzinger, Jacob M.
name: Berliner, Aaron J.
name: Delzio, Jesse
name: Arkin, Adam P.
name: Lane, Nancy E.
name: Nandi, Somen
name: McDonald, Karen A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Space missions have always assumed that the risk of spacecraft malfunction far outweighs the risk of human system failure. This assumption breaks down for longer duration exploration missions and exposes vulnerabilities in space medical systems. Space agencies can no longer reduce the majority of the human health and performance risks through crew members selection process and emergency re-supply or evacuation. No mature medical solutions exist to address this risk. With recent advances in biotechnology, there is promise for lessening this risk by augmenting a space pharmacy with a biologically-based space foundry for the on-demand manufacturing of high-value medical products. Here we review the challenges and opportunities of molecular pharming, the production of pharmaceuticals in plants, as the basis of a space medical foundry to close the risk gap in current space medical systems. Plants have long been considered to be an important life support object in space and can now also be viewed as programmable factories in space. Advances in molecular pharming-based space foundries will have widespread applications in promoting simple and accessible pharmaceutical manufacturing on Earth.
Lack of null-controllability for the fractional heat equation and related equations
Creators: name: Koenig, Armand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93B05, 93B07, 93C20, 35K65

description: We consider the equation $(\partial_t + ρ(\sqrt{-Δ}))f(t,x) = \mathbf 1_ωu(t,x)$, $x\in \mathbb R$ or $\mathbb T$. We prove it is not null-controllable if $ρ$ is analytic on a conic neighborhood of $\mathbb R_+$ and $ρ(ξ) = o(|ξ|)$. The proof relies essentially on geometric optics, i.e.\ estimates for the evolution of semiclassical coherent states. The method also applies to other equations. The most interesting example might be the Kolmogorov-type equation $(\partial_t -\partial_v^2 + v^2\partial_x)f(t,x,v) = \mathbf 1_ωu(t,x,v)$ for $(x,v)\in Ω_x\times Ω_v$ with $Ω_x = \mathbb R$ or $\mathbb T$ and $Ω_v = \mathbb R$ or $(-1,1)$. We prove it is not null-controllable in any time if $ω$ is a vertical band $ω_x\times Ω_v$. The idea is to remark that, for some families of solutions, the Kolmogorov equation behaves like the rotated fractional heat equation $(\partial_t + \sqrt i(-Δ)^{1/4})g(t,x) = \mathbf 1_ωu(t,x)$, $x\in \mathbb T$.
Lingering random walks in random environment on a strip
Creators: name: Bolthausen, Erwin
name: Goldsheid, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K37, 60F05 (Primary) 60J05, 82C44 (Secondary)

description: We consider a recurrent random walk (RW) in random environment (RE) on a strip. We prove that if the RE is i. i. d. and its distribution is not supported by an algebraic subsurface in the space of parameters defining the RE then the RW exhibits the "(log t)-squared" asymptotic behaviour. The exceptional algebraic subsurface is described by an explicit system of algebraic equations. One-dimensional walks with bounded jumps in a RE are treated as a particular case of the strip model. If the one dimensional RE is i. i. d., then our approach leads to a complete and constructive classification of possible types of asymptotic behaviour of recurrent random walks. Namely, the RW exhibits the $(\log t)^{2}$ asymptotic behaviour if the distribution of the RE is not supported by a hyperplane in the space of parameters which shall be explicitly described. And if the support of the RE belongs to this hyperplane then the corresponding RW is a martingale and its asymptotic behaviour is governed by the Central Limit Theorem.
title: 02_1877
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Silicon in mitigation of abiotic stress-induced oxidative damage in plants
Creators: name: Mostofa, Mohammad Golam
name: Rahman, Md. Mezanur
name: Ansary, Md. Mesbah Uddin
name: Keya, Sanjida Sultana
name: Abdelrahman, Mostafa
name: Miah, Md. Giashuddin
name: Tran, Lam-Son Phan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their destructive effects on cellular organelles are the hallmark features of plants exposed to abiotic stresses. Plants are well-equipped with defensive mechanisms like antioxidant systems to deal with ROS-induced oxidative stress. Silicon has been emerged as an important regulator of plant protective mechanisms under environmental stresses, which can be up-taken from soil through a system of various silicon-transporters. In plants, silicon is deposited underneath of cuticles and in the cell wall, and help plant cells reduce deleterious effects of stresses. Furthermore, silicon can provide resistance to ROS-toxicity, which often accounts for silicon-mediated improvement of plant tolerance to different abiotic constraints, including salinity, drought, and metal toxicity. Silicon enhances the ROS-detoxification ability of treated plants by modulating the antioxidant defense systems, and the expression of key genes associated with oxidative stress mitigation and hormone metabolism. Silicon also displays additive roles in ROS-elimination when supplied with other external stimuli. Here, we discuss recent findings on how silicon is able to modulate antioxidant defense of plants in response to oxidative stress triggered by different abiotic constraints. We also review interactions of silicon with other signaling molecules, including nitric oxide, ROS, polyamines, and phytohormones in the mediation of plant protection against abiotic stress-induced oxidative damage.
An Examination of the Relationship Between the Paraphilias and Anxiety
Creators: name: Renaud, Mélanie
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2019
Subjects: Paraphilia
Anxiety
Psychological disorders

description: Despite many proposed theories (e.g., biological, learning, evolutionary) it is still unclear how individuals develop paraphilic interests. It is not even clear from these theories why paraphilic interests are much more common in men than in women. One possible factor affecting male preponderance is anxiety. Anxiety can potentiate sexual arousal in men and deter sexual arousal in women. It has been proposed that paraphilic interests (e.g., sexual interest in children, in violence) can develop when anxious feelings are generated by unconventional sexual stimuli. According to this hypothesis, when anxiety is repeatedly elicited by an unconventional sexual stimulus, and when anxiety potentiates sexual arousal in men, over time, paraphilic interests may develop. It follows that men (but not women) with paraphilic interests may be susceptible to anxiety disorders – an anxiety disorder would facilitate the hypothesized developmental process. Part 1 of this dissertation consisted of a meta-analysis of 29 studies to determine the link between paraphilias and anxiety. Part 2 was a large-scale file review of 1,048 patients referred to a sexual behaviour clinic to investigate the link between paraphilias and anxiety. Both the meta-analysis and the file review showed a link between paraphilias and anxiety, but paraphilias were also associated with many other psychological disorders. Therefore, there does not seem to be a specific link between the paraphilias and anxiety, casting doubt on the validity of the hypothesis tested in this dissertation. The discovery of a general link between paraphilias and psychological disorders, however, opens new avenues for studying the development of paraphilic interests.
DEMNUni: Massive neutrinos and the bispectrum of large scale structures
Creators: name: Ruggeri, Rossana
name: Castorina, Emanuele
name: Carbone, Carmelita
name: Sefusatti, Emiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main effect of massive neutrinos on the large-scale structure consists in a few percent suppression of matter perturbations on all scales below their free-streaming scale. Such effect is of particular importance as it allows to constraint the value of the sum of neutrino masses from measurements of the galaxy power spectrum. In this work, we present the first measurements of the next higher-order correlation function, the bispectrum, from N-body simulations that include massive neutrinos as particles. This is the simplest statistics characterising the non-Gaussian properties of the matter and dark matter halos distributions. We investigate, in the first place, the suppression due to massive neutrinos on the matter bispectrum, comparing our measurements with the simplest perturbation theory predictions, finding the approximation of neutrinos contributing at quadratic order in perturbation theory to provide a good fit to the measurements in the simulations. On the other hand, as expected, a linear approximation for neutrino perturbations would lead to O($f_ν$) errors on the total matter bispectrum at large scales. We then attempt an extension of previous results on the universality of linear halo bias in neutrino cosmologies, to non-linear and non-local corrections finding consistent results with the power spectrum analysis.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
An action principle for Vasiliev's four-dimensional higher-spin gravity
Creators: name: Boulanger, Nicolas
name: Sundell, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide Vasiliev's fully nonlinear equations of motion for bosonic gauge fields in four spacetime dimensions with an action principle. We first extend Vasiliev's original system with differential forms in degrees higher than one. We then derive the resulting duality-extended equations of motion from a variational principle based on a generalized Hamiltonian sigma-model action. The generalized Hamiltonian contains two types of interaction freedoms: One set of functions that appears in the Q-structure of the generalized curvatures of the odd forms in the duality-extended system; and another set depending on the Lagrange multipliers, encoding a generalized Poisson structure, i.e. a set of polyvector fields of ranks two or higher in target space. We find that at least one of the two sets of interaction-freedom functions must be linear in order to ensure gauge invariance. We discuss consistent truncations to the minimal Type A and B models (with only even spins), spectral flows on-shell and provide boundary conditions on fields and gauge parameters that are compatible with the variational principle and that make the duality-extended system equivalent, on shell, to Vasiliev's original system.
description: 37 pages. References added, corrected typos
Neural mechanisms of planning: A computational analysis using event-related fMRI
Creators: name: Fincham, Jon
name: Carter, Cameron S
name: Veen, Vincent Van
name: V Andrew  Stenger
name: Anderson, John R.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: To investigate the neural mechanisms of planning, we used a novel adaptation of the Tower of Hanoi (TOH) task and event-related functional MRI. Participants were trained in applying a specific strategy to an isomorph of the five-disk TOH task. After training, participants solved novel problems during event-related functional MRI. A computational cognitive model of the task was used to generate a reference time series representing the expected blood oxygen level-dependent response in brain areas involved in the manipulation and planning of goals. This time series was used as one term within a general linear modeling framework to identify brain areas in which the time course of activity varied as a function of goal-processing events. Two distinct time courses of activation were identified, one in which activation varied parametrically with goal-processing operations, and the other in which activation became pronounced only during goal-processing intensive trials. Regions showing the parametric relationship comprised a frontoparietal system and include right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [Brodmann's area (BA 9)], bilateral parietal (BA 40/7), and bilateral premotor (BA 6) areas. Regions preferentially engaged only during goal-intensive processing include left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44). The implications of these results for the current model, as well as for our understanding of the neural mechanisms of planning and functional specialization of the prefrontal cortex, are discussed.
Causal Patterns: Extraction of multiple causal relationships by Mixture of Probabilistic Partial Canonical Correlation Analysis
Creators: name: Mori, Hiroki
name: Kawano, Keisuke
name: Yokoyama, Hiroki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a mixture of probabilistic partial canonical correlation analysis (MPPCCA) that extracts the Causal Patterns from two multivariate time series. Causal patterns refer to the signal patterns within interactions of two elements having multiple types of mutually causal relationships, rather than a mixture of simultaneous correlations or the absence of presence of a causal relationship between the elements. In multivariate statistics, partial canonical correlation analysis (PCCA) evaluates the correlation between two multivariates after subtracting the effect of the third multivariate. PCCA can calculate the Granger Causal- ity Index (which tests whether a time-series can be predicted from an- other time-series), but is not applicable to data containing multiple partial canonical correlations. After introducing the MPPCCA, we propose an expectation-maxmization (EM) algorithm that estimates the parameters and latent variables of the MPPCCA. The MPPCCA is expected to ex- tract multiple partial canonical correlations from data series without any supervised signals to split the data as clusters. The method was then eval- uated in synthetic data experiments. In the synthetic dataset, our method estimated the multiple partial canonical correlations more accurately than the existing method. To determine the types of patterns detectable by the method, experiments were also conducted on real datasets. The method estimated the communication patterns In motion-capture data. The MP- PCCA is applicable to various type of signals such as brain signals, human communication and nonlinear complex multibody systems.
description: DSAA2017 - The 4th IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics
Role of t-channel meson exchange in S-wave pi N and K N scattering
Creators: name: Wu, Feng-Quan
name: Zou, Bing-Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-energy S-wave pi N and K N scatterings are studied by the K-matrix approach within the meson exchange framework. The t-channel meson exchanges, especially rho and sigma exchanges, are found to play a very important role in these two processes. The t-channel rho exchange determines the isospin structure of the scattering amplitudes, it gives attractive force in the low isospin state but repulsive force in the high isospin state. The t-channel sigma exchange gives a very large contribution in these two processes, while it is negligible in meson-meson S-wave scatterings.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Reduction of N=1, E_8 SYM over SU(3)/U(1) x U(1) x Z_3 and its four-dimensional effective action
Creators: name: Irges, Nikos
name: Zoupanos, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an extension of the Standard Model inspired by the E_8 x E_8 Heterotic String. In order that a reasonable effective Lagrangian is presented we neglect everything else other than the ten-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills sector associated with one of the gauge factors and certain couplings necessary for anomaly cancellation. We consider a compactified space-time M_4 x B_0/Z_3, where B_0 is the nearly Kaehler manifold SU(3)/U(1) x U(1) and Z_3 is a freely acting discrete group on B_0. Then we reduce dimensionally the E_8 on this manifold and we employ the Wilson flux mechanism leading in four dimensions to an SU(3)^3 gauge theory with the spectrum of a N=1 supersymmetric theory. We compute the effective four-dimensional Lagrangian and demonstrate that an extension of the Standard Model is obtained with interesting features including a conserved baryon number and fixed tree level Yukawa couplings and scalar potential. The spectrum contains new states such as right handed neutrinos and heavy vector-like quarks.
description: 15 pages
Discrete and continuum third quantization of Gravity
Creators: name: Gielen, Steffen
name: Oriti, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a brief introduction to matrix models and the group field theory (GFT) formalism as realizations of the idea of a third quantization of gravity, and present in some more detail the idea and basic features of a continuum third quantization formalism in terms of a field theory on the space of connections, building up on the results of loop quantum gravity that allow to make the idea slightly more concrete. We explore to what extent one can rigorously define such a field theory. Concrete examples are given for the simple case of Riemannian GR in 3 spacetime dimensions. We discuss the relation between GFT and this formal continuum third quantized gravity, and what it can teach us about the continuum limit of GFTs.
description: 21 pages, 5 eps figures; submitted as a contribution to the proceedings of the conference "Quantum Field Theory and Gravity Conference Regensburg 2010" (28 September - 1 October 2010, Regensburg/Bavaria); v2: preprint number included