Psoralis (Saniba) magnamacus Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Psoralis
Psoralis magnamacus

description: Psoralis (Saniba) magnamacus Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ EE8B803C-DB04-4B78-9732-F18EE4B7007A  
(Fig. 5 part, 105–106, 330–333)  
 Definition and diagnosis. A Hesperiidae specimen from Panama stood out due to its unusual appearance, with large hyaline spots on the forewing. Genomic sequencing placed it in subgenus Saniba Mielke and Casagrande, 2003 (type species Hesperia sabina Plötz, 1882) of the genus Psoralis Mabille, 1904 (type species Psoralis sabaeus Mabille, 1904, which is a junior subjective synonym of Pamphila idee Weeks, 1901) (Fig. 5), an affinity not immediately apparent for this recognizably new species. In the pattern of forewing, this new species resembles Psoralis (Saniba) laska (Evans, 1955) (type locality in Brazil: Mato Grosso) but the hyaline spots are larger, e.g., a spot occupies more than a third of the cell M 3 -CuA 1, and about a third of the cell CuA 1 -CuA 2. Only two, not three, subapical hyaline spots are present in the holotype, those in cells R 5 -M 1 and R 4 -R 5. The ventral side is rusty-brown, not variegated, and much more uniformly colored than in P. laska: cream-colored area occupies more than a third of forewing cell CuA 2 -1A+2A, hindwing with traces of postdiscal pale spots. This species is not cryptic and is diagnosed reliably by phenotype. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly 1038.7.10:T45A, aly 1038.7.10:A129G, aly322.26.7:T472G, aly1139.29.1:T21C, aly1139.29.1:T297A, aly3712.7.1:T57T (not C), aly3712.7.1:T117T (not C), aly390.23.4:T282T (not C), aly390.23.4:C397C (not T), aly 1656.10.5:C136C (not T), and COI barcode: T46C, T202C, T212C, 352A, T533C, T568A.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-19023H12, GenBank OR837671, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGTATTTGAGCAGGAATATTAGGAACCTCATTAAGTTTATTAATTCGAACAGAATTAGGTAATCCAGGATCTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTTACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATCGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTCCCTTTAATACTAGGAGCTCCTGATATAGCATTTCCACGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGAATATTACCCCCTTCATTAATATTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGTGCAGGAACAGGTTGAACAGTATACCCCCCTTTATCATCTAATATTGCTCACCAAGGAGCTTCTGTTGATTTA GCAATTTTTTCATTACATTTAGCAGGTATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATCACTACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAGAAATTTATCAT TTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGATCTGTTGGTATTACAGCTTTACTACTTCTTTTATCTTTACCTGTTTTAGCAGGTGCAATTACAATACTACT TACAGATCGAAATCTAAATACTTCATTCTTTGATCCAGCTGGAGGAGGAGATCCTATTCTTTACCAACATTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♀ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 105–106, bears the following four rectangular labels, three white: [PANAMA: Darien | Cana 1200m | 22.IX.1982 | Leg. G. B. Small], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-19023H12 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01532887], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♀ | Psoralis (Saniba) | magnamacus Grishin].   
 Type locality. Panama: Darien Province, Cana, elevation 1200 m.   
 Etymology. The name is given for the big macules on the forewing. In Latin, magnae maculae means large spots. The name is a noun in apposition.   
 Distribution. This species is known only from the holotype collected in Panama.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on pages 46-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362