cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Social Meaning in Supermarkets as a Direct Route to Improve Parents’ Fruit and Vegetable Purchases
Creators: name: Payne, Collin R.
name: Niculescu, Mihai
name: Payne, Collin R.
name: Niculescu, Mihai
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: supermarket
subject: social norms
subject: intervention tools
subject: childhood obesity
subject: fruits and veg¬tables
subject: behavioral economics

description: Direct and indirect attempts to increase parents’ fruit and vegetable purchases have had little, if any, success. Most of the disappointing results are reported in the grocery environment. In this context, embedding messages with social meaning may have a significant impact on current campaigns. We use the focus theory of normative conduct as an alternative theoretical framework and suggest that social norms that are salient, easy to interpret, and easy to compare against individuals’ behavior may improve current attempts to increase parents’ fruit and vegetable purchases in retail environments.
Effect of Menu Labeling on Caloric Intake and Restaurant Revenue in Full-Service Restaurants
Creators: name: Ellison, Brenna D.
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
name: Davis, David W.
name: Ellison, Brenna D.
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
name: Davis, David W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: menu labeling
subject: numeric and symbolic calorie labels
subject: restaurant revenue
subject: full service restaurant

description: In an effort to help Americans make healthier food choices, U.S. lawmakers recently mandated certain restaurants to add calorie labels to their menus. In this study, we implement the same numeric calorie labels in two different full service restaurants using two different experimental designs. Ultimately, both field experiments lead us to the same conclusion: the numeric calorie label (as currently proposed by the FDA) had little effect on total caloric intake. Our results do reveal, however, that the effectiveness of the numeric label could be enhanced with the addition of a traffic light symbol identifying low-, medium-, and high-calorie items.
description: Paper removed at the request of the author.
The cost of stochastic resetting
Creators: name: Sunil, John C.
name: Blythe, Richard A.
name: Evans, Martin R.
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resetting a stochastic process has been shown to expedite the completion time of some complex tasks, such as finding a target for the first time. Here we consider the cost of resetting by associating to each reset a cost, which is a function of the distance travelled during the reset event. We compute the Laplace transform of the joint probability of first passage time $t_f$, number of resets $N$ and total resetting cost $C$, and use this to study the statistics of the total cost and also the time to completion ${\mathcal T} = C + t_f$. We show that in the limit of zero resetting rate, the mean total cost is finite for a linear cost function, vanishes for a sub-linear cost function and diverges for a super-linear cost function. This result contrasts with the case of no resetting where the cost is always zero. We also find that the resetting rate which optimizes the mean time to completion may be increased or decreased with respect to the case of no resetting cost according to the choice of cost function. For the case of an exponentially increasing cost function, we show that the mean total cost diverges at a finite resetting rate. We explain this by showing that the distribution of the cost has a power-law tail with a continuously varying exponent that depends on the resetting rate.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures
The Quality of Price Discovery and the Transition to Electronic Trade: The Case of Cotton Futures
Creators: name: Janzen, Joseph P.
name: Smith, Aaron D.
name: Carter, Colin A.
name: Janzen, Joseph P.
name: Smith, Aaron D.
name: Carter, Colin A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: cotton
subject: futures markets
subject: market quality
subject: volume
subject: electronic trading.

description: This paper studies the effect of electronic trade on the quality of market price discovery, using the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) cotton futures market as a laboratory to measure market quality under periods of floor trade, parallel floor and electronic trade, and electronic-only trade. Using random-walk decomposition methods pioneered by Hasbrouck (2007), we decompose intraday variation in cotton prices into two components: one related to information about market fundamentals and one a “pricing error” related to market frictions such as the cost of liquidity provision and the transient response of prices to trades. We describe the properties of this pricing error to characterize market quality under both floor and electronic trading systems. Unlike previous studies, we analyze more than the average magnitude of the pricing error. Each day, we calculate statistics that describe market quality on that day, and we study their trend, variance and persistence.
Boosting galactic outflows with enhanced resolution
Creators: name: Rey, Martin P.
name: Katz, Harley B.
name: Cameron, Alex J.
name: Devriendt, Julien
name: Slyz, Adrianne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how better resolving the cooling length of galactic outflows affect their energetics. We perform radiative-hydrodynamical galaxy formation simulations of an isolated dwarf galaxy ($M_{\star}=10^{8}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$) with the Ramses-RTZ code, accounting for non-equilibrium cooling and chemistry coupled to radiative transfer. Our simulations reach a spatial resolution of $18 \, \mathrm{pc}$ in the interstellar medium (ISM) using a traditional quasi-Lagrangian scheme. We further implement a new adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) strategy to resolve the local gas cooling length, allowing us to gradually increase the resolution in the stellar-feedback-powered outflows, from $\geq 200 \, \mathrm{pc}$ to $18 \, \mathrm{pc}$. The propagation of outflows into the inner circumgalactic medium (CGM) is significantly modified by this additional resolution, but the ISM, star formation and feedback remain by and large the same. With increasing resolution in the diffuse gas, the hot outflowing phase ($T > 8 \times 10^{4} \, \mathrm{K}$) systematically reaches overall higher temperatures and stays hotter for longer as it propagates outwards. This leads to two-fold increases in the time-averaged mass and metal outflow loading factors away from the galaxy ($r=5\, \mathrm{kpc}$), a five-fold increase in the average energy loading factor, and a $\approx$50 per cent increase in the number of sightlines with $N_{\text{OVI}} \geq 10^{13}\, \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$. Such a significant boost to the energetics of outflows without new feedback mechanisms or channels strongly motivates future studies quantifying the efficiency with which better-resolved multiphase outflows regulate galactic star formation in a cosmological context.
description: Matching published version in MNRAS. Updated Fig.9 following bug correction in outflow loading factor normalisation, main conclusions unchanged. Additional robustness tests, explanations and visualisations throughout the paper following peer-review
Technology and Knowledge Based Business in the Cambridge Area; A review of the evidence
Creators: name: Heffernan, Paul
name: Garnsey, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cambridge Phenomenon; Technology-based Firms; Growth; Employment; Turnover; Market Capitalisation; Regional Development; Clusters

description: The area around the city of Cambridge (the Cambridge Sub-Region) was the first centre of hightech activity to emerge around a university in Europe and remains one of the most active. It is seen both as a model for others to follow and as a source of increasing prosperity for the region and country as a whole. From a handful of technology-based firms in the 1970s, by 2000 there were around 1200 firms that can be described as 'high tech' employing over 38,000 people with a combined turnover of £3.7bn. In March 2002, following the recent stock market correction, those companies with UK public company status had a combined market capitalisation of £4.3bn. Growth had eased somewhat by the end of the 1990s, though firm numbers grew by 14% and employment by 26% over the decade. Beneath the aggregate figures, however, there was significant churn as new firms were created while others were closed, acquired or moved out of the area. There are also significant differences between sectors. Survival rates were generally better than the national average, and better than those commonly quoted in the literature, typically 55% survived the first 10 years. Despite this, there are few large firms in the area to act as hubs for development, though there are a number of globally significant firms and some industrial clusters. The development of high-tech activity in the Cambridge area was largely self-organising. However, congestion effects such as skills shortages, house prices and excess pressure on the local infrastructure, point to the need for improved co-ordination between central and local government and between the university, civic and business communities if the success of the last two decades is to be sustained.
Commercializing Generic Technology: The Case of Advanced Materials Ventures
Creators: name: Maine, Elicia
name: Garnsey, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Generic Technology, Radical Innovation, Value Chain, Technology Market Matching, Opportunity Exploitation, Advanced materials, Technology innovation, Technology entrepreneurship, Adoption of Innovation, New Ventures

description: Generic, radical technology is of interest because of its potential for value creation across a broad range of industries and applications. Advanced materials ventures are attracted by this opportunity yet face intensified challenges in commercializing technology of this kind as upstream entrants into distinct established value chains. In this paper, we build on Freeman’s concept of technological innovation as a technological and market matching process to develop a new model of the variables influencing value creation by advanced materials ventures. We then demonstrate the model using evidence from a sample of 10 US advanced materials ventures, including an in-depth case study exemplar. From the literature, our model, and our case study observation, we construct four propositions concerning the success of advanced materials ventures in commercializing radical technology.
Additional file 1: of The usability of ventilators: a comparative evaluation of use safety and user experience
Creators: name: Morita, Plinio
name: Weinstein, Peter
name: Flewwelling, Christopher
name: Carleene BaĂąez
name: Chiu, Tabitha
name: Iannuzzi, Mario
name: Aastha Patel
name: Shier, Ashleigh
name: Cafazzo, Joseph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Setup of the testing facilities at the Clinical Skills and Patient Simulation Center at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, where the simulator room and observation room can be seen. (PDF 1830Â kb)
MOESM1 of Pitching stability of diving seabirds during underwater locomotion: a comparison among alcids and a penguin
Creators: name: Noda, Takuji
name: Kikuchi, Dale
name: Takahashi, Akinori
name: Mitamura, Hiromichi
name: Arai, Nobuaki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary table of descriptive information and diving data of studied penguins and alcids.
Challenges facing new firms commercialising nanomaterials
Creators: name: Maine, Elicia
name: Garnsey, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019

description: This paper examines the industrial incentives for commercialising advanced materials and, in particular, nanomaterials with reference to issues raised in the technology strategy and technology entrepreneurship literature. We draw on longitudinal empirical data to show that smaller and newer firms are playing an increasing role in the commercialisation of advanced materials innovations. However, new technology based firms face substantial barriers to commercialisation, including access to the complementary assets of large firms and institutions. To illustrate these challenges, we examine a case study of a start-up firm commercialising carbon nanotubes. Through use of an open systems model, we characterize their alliances and interactions in attempting to commercialise their products in several markets. This analysis illustrates the daunting challenges facing start-up firms as they attempt to commercialise advanced materials innovations. The most difficult challenge appears to be one of prioritisation of development objectives and, subsequently, of alliance building. Proposed policy recommendations focus on supporting the entrepreneurial process of matching technology resources and alliance-building with market opportunities.
From obstacle to opportunity: Problem-solving and competence creation in new firms
Creators: name: Hugo, Oliver
name: Garnsey, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019

description: This paper aims to identify how entrepreneurial responses to ‘barriers’ can give rise to opportunities for new firms. The poor predictive record of studies analysing success attributes and favourable initial factors as determinants of new firm growth reflects the diversity of entrepreneurial responses to problems of growth, as illustrated by three case studies of new companies which were able to overcome adverse initial conditions despite the lack of early ‘success attributes’. They did so by finding alternative opportunities and by achieving resource economy, resource leverage and resource creation, aided by strategic relationships formed with other players. Spurred by the problems they encounter, entrepreneurial firms revise their business conjecture and engage in innovative activities, their business model evolving through trial and error. Creative responses to unexpected developments by entrepreneurial decision makers have implications for research methodology and business support.
Improving Urban Flood Prediction using LSTM-DeepLabv3+ and Bayesian Optimization with Spatiotemporal feature fusion
Creators: name: Situ, Zuxiang
name: Wang, Qi
name: Teng, Shuai
name: Feng, Wanen
name: Chen, Gongfa
name: Zhou, Qianqian
name: Fu, Guangtao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning models have become increasingly popular for flood prediction due to their superior accuracy and efficiency compared to traditional methods. However, current machine learning methods often rely on separate spatial or temporal feature analysis and have limitations on the types, number, and dimensions of input data. This study presented a CNN-RNN hybrid feature fusion modelling approach for urban flood prediction, which integrated the strengths of CNNs in processing spatial features and RNNs in analyzing different dimensions of time sequences. This approach allowed for both static and dynamic flood predictions. Bayesian optimization was applied to identify the seven most influential flood-driven factors and determine the best combination strategy. By combining four CNNs (FCN, UNet, SegNet, DeepLabv3+) and three RNNs (LSTM, BiLSTM, GRU), the optimal hybrid model was identified as LSTM-DeepLabv3+. This model achieved the highest prediction accuracy (MAE, RMSE, NSE, and KGE were 0.007, 0.025, 0.973 and 0.755, respectively) under various rainfall input conditions. Additionally, the processing speed was significantly improved, with an inference time of 1.158s (approximately 1/125 of the traditional computation time) compared to the physically-based models.
Reply to ``Comment on `Hole-burning experiments within glassy models with infinite range interactions' ''
Creators: name: Cugliandolo, Leticia F.
name: Iguain, Jose Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a reply to the comments by Richter and Chamberlin, and Diezemann and Bohmer to our paper (Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3448 (2000)). As further evidence for the claims in this Letter, we here reproduce the nonlinear spectral hole-burning experimental protocol in an equilibrated fully connected spin-glass model and we exhibit frequency selectivity, together with a shift in the base of the spectral hole.
description: 1 page, two figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Combining Resource Based and Evolutionary Theory: A Synthesis applied to Bio-Enterprise Networks
Creators: name: Garnsey, Elizabeth
name: Leong, Yuen Yoong
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biopharmaceutical networks; the entrepreneurial firm; resourcebased theory; evolutionary theory

description: This paper explores ways in which new ventures not only adapt to but can transform their own business environment. It proposes a new way to combine evolutionary and Penrosian resource-based theories. A parallel is drawn between the proactive response to resource shortfalls and under-use in the Penrosian firm and the way entrepreneurial participants in innovative networks can build complementary capability. Two case studies of biopharm ventures show how participants cumulatively altered prevailing business conditions and selection processes. The approach shows how evolutionary theory can be used to identify overlooked connections and clarify overlooked causal processes that have collective effects. How entrepreneurial activity lays the basis for further innovation is revealed by an analysis with the wider potential to bridge evolutionary and resource based approaches.
Towards a quantum-inspired proof for IP = PSPACE
Creators: name: Green, Ayal
name: Kindler, Guy
name: Liu, Yupan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We explore quantum-inspired interactive proof systems where the prover is limited. Namely, we improve on a result by [AG17] showing a quantum-inspired interactive protocol ($\sf IP$) for $\sf PreciseBQP$ where the prover is only assumed to be a $\sf PreciseBQP$ machine, and show that the result can be strengthened to show an $\sf IP$ for $\sf NP^{PP}$ with a prover which is only assumed to be an $\sf NP^{PP}$ machine - which was not known before. We also show how the protocol can be used to directly verify $\sf QMA$ computations, thus connecting the sum-check protocol by [AAV13] with the result of [AG17, LFKN90]. Our results shed light on a quantum-inspired proof for ${\sf IP} = {\sf PSPACE}$, as $\sf PreciseQMA$ captures the full $\sf PSPACE$ power.
description: 10 pages. Minor changes and corrections compared to v2
Pentagonal nanowires: a first-principles study of atomic and electronic structure
Creators: name: Sen, Prasenjit
name: Gulseren, O.
name: Yildirim, T.
name: Batra, Inder P.
name: Ciraci, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed an extensive first-principles study of nanowires in various pentagonal structures by using pseudopotential plane wave method within the density functional theory. Our results show that nanowires of different types of elements, such as alkali, simple, transition and noble metals and inert gas atoms, have a stable structure made from staggered pentagons with a linear chain perpendicular to the planes of the pentagons and passing through their centers. This structure exhibits bond angles close to those in the icosahedral structure. However, silicon is found to be energetically more favorable in the eclipsed pentagonal structure. These quasi one dimensional pentagonal nanowires have higher cohesive energies than many other one dimensional structures and hence may be realized experimentally. The effect of magnetic state are examined by spin-polarized calculations. The origin of the stability are discussed by examining optimized structural parameters, charge density and electronic band structure, and by using analysis based on the empirical Lennard-Jones type interaction. Electronic band structure of pentagonal wires of different elements are discussed and their effects on quantum ballistic conductance are mentioned. It is found that the pentagonal wire of silicon exhibits metallic band structure.
description: 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Quantile LSTM: A Robust LSTM for Anomaly Detection In Time Series Data
Creators: name: Saha, Snehanshu
name: Sarkar, Jyotirmoy
name: Dhavala, Soma
name: Sarkar, Santonu
name: Mota, Preyank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anomalies refer to the departure of systems and devices from their normal behaviour in standard operating conditions. An anomaly in an industrial device can indicate an upcoming failure, often in the temporal direction. In this paper, we make two contributions: 1) we estimate conditional quantiles and consider three different ways to define anomalies based on the estimated quantiles. 2) we use a new learnable activation function in the popular Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTM) architecture to model temporal long-range dependency. In particular, we propose Parametric Elliot Function (PEF) as an activation function (AF) inside LSTM, which saturates lately compared to sigmoid and tanh. The proposed algorithms are compared with other well-known anomaly detection algorithms, such as Isolation Forest (iForest), Elliptic Envelope, Autoencoder, and modern Deep Learning models such as Deep Autoencoding Gaussian Mixture Model (DAGMM), Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). The algorithms are evaluated in terms of various performance metrics, such as Precision and Recall. The algorithms have been tested on multiple industrial time-series datasets such as Yahoo, AWS, GE, and machine sensors. We have found that the LSTM-based quantile algorithms are very effective and outperformed the existing algorithms in identifying anomalies.
description: To be submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence
Stephen Hawking and the quantum black holes / Stephen Hawking y los agujeros negros cuanticos
Creators: name: Pinochet, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Until 1974, the study of black holes was under the hegemony of Einstein's general relativity. However, that same year, Stephen Hawking incorporated quantum theory and discovered that black holes have temperature, entropy, and evaporate. These three great discoveries marked the birth of what we can now call quantum black holes, as opposed to classic black holes, whose description is based only on general relativity. The present work seeks to provide an introduction to the three great discoveries of Hawking, accessible to undergraduate students of science and engineering.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, written in Spanish
Internet, world wide web, and the librarian
Creators: name: KHAN, IMRAN
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 80799 Library and Information Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: 80706 Librarianship

description: Khan, Imran. (2015). Internet, world wide web, and the librarian. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Emerging Trends in Libraries & Librarianship (NCETLL-2015) (24th-25th July- 2015: New Delhi). Ghaziabad: ADR Publications, 2015, pp. 74-84 (ISBN: 978-81-931705-0-2).
Video-SwinUNet: Spatio-temporal Deep Learning Framework for VFSS Instance Segmentation
Creators: name: Zeng, Chengxi
name: Yang, Xinyu
name: Smithard, David
name: Mirmehdi, Majid
name: Gambaruto, Alberto M
name: Burghardt, Tilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a deep learning framework for medical video segmentation. Convolution neural network (CNN) and transformer-based methods have achieved great milestones in medical image segmentation tasks due to their incredible semantic feature encoding and global information comprehension abilities. However, most existing approaches ignore a salient aspect of medical video data - the temporal dimension. Our proposed framework explicitly extracts features from neighbouring frames across the temporal dimension and incorporates them with a temporal feature blender, which then tokenises the high-level spatio-temporal feature to form a strong global feature encoded via a Swin Transformer. The final segmentation results are produced via a UNet-like encoder-decoder architecture. Our model outperforms other approaches by a significant margin and improves the segmentation benchmarks on the VFSS2022 dataset, achieving a dice coefficient of 0.8986 and 0.8186 for the two datasets tested. Our studies also show the efficacy of the temporal feature blending scheme and cross-dataset transferability of learned capabilities. Code and models are fully available at https://github.com/SimonZeng7108/Video-SwinUNet.
Classification of generalized symmetries of the Yang-Mills fields with a semi-simple structure group
Creators: name: Pohjanpelto, Juha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T13 (Primary) 58J70 (Secondary)

description: A complete classification of generalized symmetries of the Yang-Mills equations on Minkowski space with a semi-simple structure group is carried out. It is shown that any generalized symmetry, up to a generalized gauge symmetry, agrees with a first order symmetry on solutions of the Yang-Mills equations. Let $g=g_1+...+g_n$ be the decomposition of the Lie algebra $g$ of the structure group into simple ideals. First order symmetries for $g$-valued Yang-Mills fields are found to consist of gauge symmetries, conformal symmetries for $g_m$-valued Yang-Mills fields, $1\leq m\leq n$, and their images under a complex structure of $g_m$.
description: 27 pages, AMSLaTeX
Coarse-graining in micromagnetic simulations of dynamic hysteresis loops
Creators: name: Behbahani, Razyeh
name: Plumer, Martin L.
name: Saika-Voivod, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Micromagnetic simulations based on the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation are used to calculate dynamic magnetic hysteresis loops relevant to magnetic hyperthermia. With the goal to effectively simulate room-temperature loops for large iron-oxide-based systems at relatively slow sweep rates on the order of 1 Oe/ns or less, a previously derived renormalization group approach for coarse-graining (Grinstein and Koch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 207201, 2003) is modified and applied to calculating loops for a magnetite nanorod. The nanorod modelled is the building block for larger nanoparticles that were employed in preclinical studies (Dennis et al., Nanotechnology 20, 395103, 2009). The scaling algorithm is shown to produce nearly identical loops over several decades in the model grain size. Sweep-rate scaling involving the Gilbert damping parameter is also demonstrated to allow orders of magnitude speed-up of the loop calculations.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Changing Incomes and Food Prices: The Implications for Rural and Urban Food Security in Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Ratnasiri, Shyama
name: Bandara, Jayatilleke S.
name: Korale-Gedara, Pradeepa
name: Ratnasiri, Shyama
name: Bandara, Jayatilleke S.
name: Korale-Gedara, Pradeepa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Consumer/Household Economics
Financial Economics

description: Although rising food prices have hit hard on a large number of households in many developing countries, the vulnerability in terms of food security varies across different household sectors within a country. In this study we have developed a simple analytical model and used it to examine the food security vulnerability across different households to a shock in food prices by using three commonly-known household sectors (urban, rural, estate)in Sri Lanka. In particular, we have estimated the combined impact of income and price rises on food security of these sectors. Our empirical results suggest that the overall food security in all three household groups (measured in terms of real food consumption above the poverty line food consumption) has been marginally decreasing over time in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, the negative effect of rising food prices has been partially offset by the positive income effect in all three household sectors. The results also suggest that the urban sector is highly vulnerable to a food price shock than the other two sectors. The least vulnerable group is the rural sector, whilst the estate sector lies in the middle.
Uncovering CWE-CVE-CPE Relations with Threat Knowledge Graphs
Creators: name: Shi, Zhenpeng
name: Matyunin, Nikolay
name: Graffi, Kalman
name: Starobinski, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Security assessment relies on public information about products, vulnerabilities, and weaknesses. So far, databases in these categories have rarely been analyzed in combination. Yet, doing so could help predict unreported vulnerabilities and identify common threat patterns. In this paper, we propose a methodology for producing and optimizing a knowledge graph that aggregates knowledge from common threat databases (CVE, CWE, and CPE). We apply the threat knowledge graph to predict associations between threat databases, specifically between products, vulnerabilities, and weaknesses. We evaluate the prediction performance both in closed world with associations from the knowledge graph, and in open world with associations revealed afterward. Using rank-based metrics (i.e., Mean Rank, Mean Reciprocal Rank, and Hits@N scores), we demonstrate the ability of the threat knowledge graph to uncover many associations that are currently unknown but will be revealed in the future, which remains useful over different time periods. We propose approaches to optimize the knowledge graph, and show that they indeed help in further uncovering associations.
Simulation of fusion and quasi-fission in nuclear reactions leading to production of superheavy elements using the Constrained Molecular Dynamics model
Creators: name: Klimo, J.
name: Veselsky, M.
name: Souliotis, G. A.
name: Bonasera, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fusion dynamics and the onset of quasi-fission in reactions, leading to production of superheavy nuclei are investigated using the constrained molecular dynamics model. Constraints on the parameters of the nuclear equation of state are derived from experimental fusion probabilities. The obtained constraint on the modulus of incompressibility of nuclear matter K0 = 240 - 260 MeV is consistent with the results of previous study using the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation and also with constraints derived using the recent neutron star binary collision event GW170817. Unlike the modulus of incompressibility of symmetric nuclear matter, the stiffness of the density-dependence of symmetry energy influences the fusion probability only weakly.
description: accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics A. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1604.01963
Complex Dynamic Processes in the Evolution of Early Information and Communication Technologies
Creators: name: Garnsey, Elizabeth
name: Heffernan, Paul
name: Ford, Simon
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019

description: The creation of novelty and its subsequent retention or elimination by evolutionary mechanisms is a central theme in complexity studies. By examining the evolution of three information and communication technologies, this paper explores linkages between variety generation, selection and propagation. Tensions are identified between the benefits of variety to meet diverse user needs and the value of standardization to facilitate exchange. In ICT industries, the usefulness of a product or service increases with numbers of users. The benefits of interoperability, the facilitation of complementary technologies around a standard and user switching costs are among network externalities. These contribute to the emergence of dominant designs and standard protocols, which reduce the variety of enabling or platform technologies but increase complementary product and process innovations. The linkages between evolutionary selection and propagation in ICT have accelerated the pace of innovation, but could in principle have the reverse effect, unless the effects of asymmetries of market power and proprietary standards are offset. Long term support for science and technology and entrepreneurial activity provide exogenous sources of variety that can renew innovation.
Commercial Orientation and its Effects on Plant Diversity in Homegardens: An Empirical Investigation of Rural Households in Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Korale-Gedara, Pradeepa
name: Weerahewa, Jiveeka
name: Pushpakumara, Gamini
name: Kodithuwakku, Sarath S.
name: Korale-Gedara, Pradeepa
name: Weerahewa, Jiveeka
name: Pushpakumara, Gamini
name: Kodithuwakku, Sarath S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: It could be argued that commercially oriented famers pay more attention on reaping short term commercial benefits from their home-gardens and hence would not focus on longer term benefits that could be derived through enhanced biodiversity. Although empirical studies have been conducted to measure trade-offs between commercial orientation and plant diversity, hardly any research has carried out with the focus on homegardens in Sri Lanka. The main objective of this study is to explore the trade-offs between commercial orientation of farmers and plant diversity in homegardens in three districts in Sri Lanka, viz, Batticaloa Kandy and Kurunegala. The specific objectives are to (i) measure the degree of plant diversity in home gardens, (ii) measure the degree of commercial orientation of farmers, and (iii) to econometrically estimate the relationship between plant diversity and commercial orientation of farmers. Data for this study were collected through a survey carried out in the three districts in 2009. Plant diversity was measured using three indices, namely Richness index, Shannon index and Simpson index and the degree of commercial orientation of farmers was measured using a number of proxies to capture the extent of market transactions and perceptions among farmers towards the purpose of farming. A set of multiple regression models were specified treating the levelof commercialization, land size, employment status, education, household income and the geographical region as independent variables and plant diversity as the dependent variable. The results of the calculated indices revealed that homegardens in Kandy and Kurunegala districts are quitediverse in plants and it is not that diverse in Batticaloa district. Approximately one half of the famers in Kandy and Kurunegala districts and four fifth of the farmers in Batticaloa are commercially oriented. The regression results showed that the farmers with commercial orientation tend to maintain home gardens with relatively higher plant diversity in Kandy district. However, commercial oriented farmers in Kurunegala district tend to maintain homegardens with less plant diversity compare to that of noncommercial oriented. The results also revealed that the plant diversity increases with the increase in land extent and 0.42 ha and 0.53 ha was estimated to be the land area which brings about the maximum plant richness in homegardens in Kandy and Kurunegala districts respectively.
Study of the reaction pp \to pp$π^{0}$ within 10 MeV above the threshold
Creators: name: TOF Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinematically complete measurements of the $pp\to ppπ^{0}$ reaction were performed for beam energies in the range $292 - 298 $MeV. By detecting both protons in coincidence with the large acceptance COSY-TOF spectrometer set up at an external beam line of the proton synchrotron COSY-Jülich, total and differential cross sections and energy distributions were obtained. A strong enhancement is observed in the Dalitz plots resulting from the final state interaction between the outgoing proton pair; the data are well reproduced by Monte Carlo simulations with standard parameters for scattering length $a_0$=-7.83 fm and effective range $r_0$=2.8 fm. The total cross sections exceed the ones measured recently in internal target experiments at IUCF and CELSIUS by roughly 50%. Arguments are presented which link this discrepancy with the effect of the final state interaction pushing yield into the very small-angle region and the near-impossibility of an internal target experiment to cover just this range.
description: 25 pages including 12 figures
Synthesising Solar Radio Images From Atmospheric Imaging Assembly Extreme-Ultraviolet Data
Creators: name: Li, Z. F.
name: Hua, S. H.
name: Cheng, X.
name: Ding, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During non-flaring times, the radio flux of the Sun at the wavelength of a few centimeters to several tens of centimeters mostly originates from the thermal bremsstrahlung emission, very similar to the EUV radiation. Owing to such a proximity, it is feasible to investigate the relationship between the EUV emission and radio emission in a quantitative way. In this paper, we reconstruct the radio images of the Sun through the differential emission measure obtained from the multi-wavelength EUV images of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board Solar Dynamic Observatory. Through comparing the synthetic radio images at 6 GHz with those observed by Siberian Radioheliograph, we find that the predicted radio flux is qualitatively consistent with the observed value, confirming thermal origin of the coronal radio emission during non-flaring times. The results further show that the predicted radio flux is closer to the observations in the case of including the contribution of the plasma with temperatures above 3 MK than in the case of only involving the low temperature plasma as was usually done in the era of pre-SDO. We also discuss the applications of the method and uncertainties of the results.
description: accepted by Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Health Benefits and Industrial Air Pollution: A Comparison between People’s Willingness to Accept and the Opportunity Cost of Health Risk
Creators: name: Athukorala, Wasantha
name: Athukorala, Wasantha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy
Public Economics

description: The disparity between willingness to accept (WTA) health risks and actual health risks arising from environmental pollution has not been demonstrated well in the literature. This study provides evidence on WTA for bearing existing health risks arising from environmental pollution caused by the Limestone Industry in Sri Lanka. It compares mean WTA with monthly average health expenditure as well as the opportunity cost of health risk. The study finds that the average monthly health expenditure, averting expenditure and lost earning per person were Rs. 168, Rs. 85 and Rs. 262 respectively. Accordingly, opportunity cost of the health damage was Rs. 515 while mean willingness to accept was Rs. 792 per person. Results clearly show that mean WTA estimates tends to overestimate the true cost. The study also summarizes reasons for the disparity and then discusses some of the key implications of the analysis.
Free carrier effects in gallium nitride epilayers: the valence band dispersion
Creators: name: Shields, P. A.
name: Nicholas, R. J.
name: Peeters, F. M.
name: Beaumont, B.
name: Gibart, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dispersion of the A-valence-band in GaN has been deduced from the observation of high-index magneto-excitonic states in polarised interband magneto-reflectivity and is found to be strongly non-parabolic with a mass in the range 1.2-1.8 m_{e}. It matches the theory of Kim et al. [Phys. Rev. B 56, 7363 (1997)] extremely well, which also gives a strong k-dependent A-valence-band mass. A strong phonon coupling leads to quenching of the observed transitions at an LO-phonon energy above the band gap and a strong non-parabolicity. The valence band was deduced from subtracting from the reduced dispersion the electron contribution with a model that includes a full treatment of the electron-phonon interaction.
description: Revtex, 4 pages, 5 figures
Linguistic diversity in the classroom: the wise teacher’s dilemma
Creators: name: Jaspers, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018

description: Urban schools in Belgium have become increasingly multilingual. This invites pedagogical challenges as pupils struggle with the instruction language, but it leads to ideological anxieties in Dutch-medium schools especially. Recent studies show that Flemish teachers have negative attitudes towards the use of other languages than Dutch. These studies call for anti-bias training and for a teacher education that lives up to the current multilingual reality. There are good reasons however for expecting that teachers will waver ambivalently between linguistic uniformity and diversity, because they associate both ideas with important, albeit competing, educational purposes. Developing positive attitudes towards multilingualism is possible. But the effects of such an endeavor may be limited, and the expectations about what teachers are capable of unrealistic, if it is ignored that teachers will also attend to linguistic uniformity, at least in the present circumstances. Policy debate needs to take into account that teachers have to strike a balance between competing pedagogical purposes and societal concerns. Advocates of multilingualism at school may be more effective if they associate linguistic diversity not just with attitudes of tolerance and respect, but also with knowledge, qualification, and assessment.
An Analysis of Determinants of Agriculture Trade Intensities of South Asia
Creators: name: Dembatapitiya, Pradeepa
name: Dembatapitiya, Pradeepa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: International Development
International Relations/Trade

description: South Asian agricultural trade depends on few sectors in the economy and it exports primary products for limited number of countries. It shows regional outward orientation and thus there is still gaining in agricultural trade in South Asian region. Reinforcement of trade relationships within South Asia will be a solution for that and the study is focused on analyzing agriculture trade intensities in South Asia. Trade intensity measures the level of trade relationships between two nations. The objectives of this study are to calculate the agriculture trade intensities for South Asian countries and to estimate the determinants of trade intensity. Gravity model is used to analyze the determinants in trade intensity and conventional gravity variables, trade agreements and export diversification index are used as the independent variables. Agriculture trade intensities are high in Nepal-Bhutan, Butan-Bangladesh, Pakistan-Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka-Maldives. India shows relatively low agriculture trade intensities with regional members. Though Maldives-Bhutan, Maldives-Bangladesh and Bhutan-Afghanistan are better natural trading partners in the region, their trade is nonexistent as they record zero trade between them. Thus there is still scope for trade negotiations within South Asian region. Export market diversification and trade agreements are the key determinants in trade intensities in South Asia and exporter GDP, population and common colony are the other significant determinants in agriculture trade intensities. As South Asia shows monopolistic nature in agricultural trade, export market diversification is also a possible solutions to strength the agricultural trade relationships within regional members.
Spectroscopic signatures of fractionalization in octupolar quantum spin ice
Creators: name: Desrochers, Félix
name: Kim, Yong Baek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent investigations on the dipolar-octupolar compounds Ce$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$ and Ce$_2$Sn$_2$O$_7$ suggest that they may stabilize so-called $π$-flux octupolar quantum spin ice ($π$-O-QSI), a novel three-dimensional quantum spin liquid hosting emergent photons. Confirmation of such an exotic phase would require the prediction of a distinctive signature and its subsequent experimental observation. So far, however, theoretical predictions for any such sharp smoking-gun signatures are lacking. In this Letter, we thoroughly investigate O-QSI using an extension of gauge mean-field theory. This framework produces a phase diagram consistent with previous studies and an energy-integrated neutron scattering signal with intensity-modulated rod motifs, as reported in experiments and numerical studies. We predict that the dynamical spin structure factor of $π$-O-QSI is characterized by a broad continuum with three distinctive peaks as a consequence of the two mostly flat spinon bands. These three peaks should be measurable by high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering. Such spectroscopic signatures would be clear evidence for the realization of $π$-flux quantum spin ice.
description: 7+25 pages, 4+11 figures