cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Discovery of the Y1 Dwarf WISE J064723.23-623235.5
Creators: name: Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
name: Cushing, Michael C.
name: Gelino, Christopher R.
name: Beichman, Charles A.
name: Tinney, C. G.
name: Faherty, Jacqueline K.
name: Schneider, Adam
name: Mace, Gregory N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of a very cold, very low mass, nearby brown dwarf using data from the NASA Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). The object, WISE J064723.23-623235.5, has a very red WISE color of W1-W2 > 3.77 mag and a very red Spitzer Space Telescope color of ch1-ch2 = 2.82+/-0.09 mag. In J_MKO-ch2 color (7.58+/-0.27 mag) it is one of the two or three reddest brown dwarfs known. Our grism spectrum from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) confirms it to be the seventeenth Y dwarf discovered, and its spectral type of Y1+/-0.5 makes it one of the four latest-type Y dwarfs classified. Astrometric imaging from Spitzer and HST, combined with data from WISE, provides a preliminary parallax of pi = 115+/-12 mas (d = 8.7+/-0.9 pc) and proper motion of mu = 387+/-25 mas/yr based on 2.5 years of monitoring. The spectrum implies a blue J-H color, for which model atmosphere calculations suggest a relatively low surface gravity. The best fit to these models indicates an effective temperature of 350-400K and a mass of ~5-30 M_Jup. Kinematic analysis hints that this object may belong to the Columba moving group, which would support an age of ~30 Myr and thus an even lower mass of <2 M_Jup, but verification would require a radial velocity measurement not currently possible for a J=22.7 mag brown dwarf.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Pole-fitting for complex functions: enhancing standard techniques by artificial-neural-network classifiers and regressors
Creators: name: Kaidisch, S.
name: Hilger, T. U.
name: Krassnigg, A.
name: Lucha, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by a use case in theoretical hadron physics, we revisit an application of a pole-sum fit to dressing functions of a confined quark propagator. More precisely, we investigate approaches to determine the number and positions of the singularities closest to the origin for a function that is only known numerically on a specific finite grid of values on the positive real axis. For this problem, we compare the efficiency of standard techniques, like the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, to a pure artificial-neural-network approach as well as a combination of these two. This combination is more efficient than any of the two techniques separately. Such an approach is generalizable to similar situations, where the positions of poles of a function in a complex variable must be quickly and reliably estimated from real-axis information alone.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables
Additional file 2 of Protein synthesis inhibitors stimulate MondoA transcriptional activity by driving an accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate
Creators: name: Wilde, Blake R.
name: Kaadige, Mohan R.
name: Guillen, Katrin P.
name: Butterfield, Andrew
name: Welm, Bryan E.
name: Ayer, Donald E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Table S1.
Considering Political Alternatives to "Hard Look" Review
Creators: name: Strauss, Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Administrative law
subject: Legislative oversight
subject: Executive power
subject: Judicial review
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: A discussion generally addressed to the macro-perspective, to examining the overall, systemic impact of judicial review of a certain intensity on the way agencies go about their business. What things can the courts do as compared to those things that perhaps Congress or the President can do?
The Latin American and Caribbean Climate Landscape for ZIKV Transmission
Creators: name: Muñoz, Ángel G.
name: Thomson, Madeleine C.
name: Goddard, Lisa M.
name: Aldighieri, Sylvain
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Mosquitoes as carriers of disease
Climatic changes--Health aspects
Zika virus
Flaviviral diseases
Atmosphere
Public health

description: This document presents a short review of the basic climate of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), focusing on the rainfall and temperature regional differences at multiple timescales, and where present climate forecasts tend to be more skillful for these two variables. The paper aims to provide information
to understand how the regional climate plays an important role in vector borne diseases in general and Zika virus (ZIKV) in particular. As an emerging disease a great deal of basic information on ZIKV transmission dynamics is lacking. Knowledge on other Flaviviruses such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV), also transmitted by the same mosquito vectors may therefore be used to impute likely climate-related impacts.
The Cygnus Allscale Survey of Chemistry and Dynamical Environments: CASCADE. II. A detailed kinematic analysis of the DR21 Main outflow
Creators: name: Skretas, I. M.
name: Karska, A.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Beuther, H.
name: Ginsburg, A.
name: Hernández-Gómez, A.
name: Gieser, C.
name: Li, S.
name: Kim, W. -J.
name: Semenov, D. A.
name: Bouscasse, L.
name: Christensen, I. B.
name: Winters, J. M.
name: Hacar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular outflows are believed to be a key ingredient in the process of star formation. The molecular outflow associated with DR21 Main in Cygnus-X is one of the most extreme, in mass and size, molecular outflows in the Milky Way. The outflow is suggested to belong to a rare class of explosive outflows which are formed by the disintegration of protostellar systems.We aim to explore the morphology, kinematics,and energetics of the DR21 Main outflow, and compare those properties to confirmed explosive outflows to unravel the underlying driving mechanism behind DR21. Line and continuum emission are studied at a wavelength of 3.6\,mm with IRAM 30 m and NOEMA telescopes as part of the Cygnus Allscale Survey of Chemistry and Dynamical Environments (CASCADE) program. The spectra include ($J= 1-0$) transitions of HCO$^+$, HCN, HNC, N$_2$H$^+$, H$_2$CO, CCH tracing different temperature and density regimes of the outflowing gas at high-velocity resolution ($\sim$ 0.8 km s$^{-1}$). The map encompasses the entire DR21 Main outflow and covers all spatial scales down to a resolution of ~3" ($\sim$ 0.02 pc). Integrated intensity maps of the HCO$^+$ emission reveal a strongly collimated bipolar outflow with significant overlap of the blue- and red-shifted emission. The opening angles of both outflow lobes decrease with velocity, from $\sim80$ to 20$^{\circ}$ for the velocity range from 5 to 45 km s$^{-1}$ relative to the source velocity. No evidence is found for the presence of elongated, "filament-like" structures expected in explosive outflows. N$_2$H$^+$ emission near the western outflow lobe reveals the presence of a dense molecular structure which appears to be interacting with the DR21 Main outflow. The overall morphology as well as the detailed kinematics of the DR21 Main outflow is more consistent with that of a typical bipolar outflow instead of an explosive counterpart.
description: 26 pages, 37 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
The New York Wild, Scenic and Recreational Rivers System Act
Creators: name: Strauss, Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Land use--Law and legislation
subject: Rivers--Recreational use
subject: Wild and scenic rivers--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: New York's recently enacted Wild, Scenic and Recreational Rivers System Act names 18 stretches of river, approximating 165 miles, for immediate special measures of preservation and enhancement of natural values, and orders study of a more extensive network of streams for possible addition to the system. Over 80 per cent of the lands bordering the named rivers are state-owned; as to them, the Act is principally interesting as an imaginative conservation effort by a state which traditionally has given its forest lands a high measure of protection. Where private lands border the rivers, however, the statute provides for use restrictions so severe in some cases that many might conclude they must be purchased through condemnation proceedings.
Yet the Act provides for the payment of "just compensation" only if an existing use is to be restricted. Whether this provision is sufficient and, if not, what remedies ought to be given are the central concerns of this comment.
Lessons on Black Holes from the Elliptic Genus
Creators: name: Giveon, Amit
name: Itzhaki, Nissan
name: Troost, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We further study the elliptic genus of the cigar SL(2,R)/U(1) coset superconformal field theory. We find that, even in the small curvature, infinite level limit, there are holomorphic and non-holomorphic parts that are due to the discrete states and a mismatch in the spectral densities of the continuum, respectively. The mismatch in the continuum is universal, in the sense that it is fully determined by the asymptotic cylindrical topology of the cigar's throat. Since modularity of the elliptic genus requires both the holomorphic and non-holomorphic parts, the holomorphic term is universal as well. The contribution of the discrete states is thus present even for perturbative strings propagating in the background of large Schwarzschild black holes. We argue that the discrete states live at a stringy distance from the tip of the cigar both from the conformal field theory wave-function analysis and from a holonomy space perspective. Thus, the way string theory takes care of its self-consistency seems to have important consequences for the physics near horizons, even for parametrically large black holes.
description: 33 pages, 2 figures
Relational Expressions for Data Transformation and Computation
Creators: name: Pratten, David Robert
name: Mathieson, Luke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.2.3; I.1.3; I.2.4

description: Separate programming models for data transformation (declarative) and computation (procedural) impact programmer ergonomics, code reusability and database efficiency. To eliminate the necessity for two models or paradigms, we propose a small but high-leverage innovation: the introduction of complete relations into the relational database. Complete relations and the discipline of constraint programming, which concerns them, are founded on the same algebra as relational databases. We claim that by synthesising the relational database of Codd and Date, with the results of the constraint programming community, the relational model holistically offers programmers a single declarative paradigm for both data transformation and computation, reusable code with computations that are indifferent to what is input and what is output, and efficient applications with the query engine optimising and parallelising all levels of data transformation and computation.
description: 12 pages, 4 tables. To be published in the proceedings of the Shepherding Track of the 2023 Australasian Database Conference Melbourne (Nov 1-3)
On asymptotic solutions of Friedmann equations
Creators: name: Mijajlović, Žarko
name: Pejović, Nadežda
name: Šegan, Stevo
name: Damljanović, Goran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C05, 83C30, 26A12

description: Our main aim is to apply the theory of regularly varying functions to the asymptotical analysis at infinity of solutions of Friedmann cosmological equations. A new constant $Γ$ is introduced related to the Friedmann cosmological equations. Determining the values of $Γ$ we obtain the asymptotical behavior of the solutions, i.e. of the expansion scale factor $a(t)$ of a universe. The instance $Γ< 1/4$ is appropriate for both cases, the spatially flat and open universe, and gives a sufficient and necessary condition for the solutions to be regularly varying. This property of Friedmann equations is formulated as the generalized power law principle. From the theory of regular variation it follows that the solutions under usual assumptions include a multiplicative term which is a slowly varying function.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of Simulated patient and role play methodologies for communication skills and empathy training of undergraduate medical students
Creators: name: Bagacean, Cristina
name: Ianis Cousin
name: Anne-Helene Ubertini
name: Idrissi, Mohamed El Yacoubi El
name: Bordron, Anne
name: Mercadie, Lolita
name: Garcia, Leonor Canales
name: Jean-Christophe Ianotto
name: Vries, Philine De
name: Berthou, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Calgary-Cambridge Referenced Observation Guide adapted from Kurtz SM, 1998 and Silverman JD, 1998 [30, 31]
TOI-858 B b: A hot Jupiter on a polar orbit in a loose binary
Creators: name: Hagelberg, J.
name: Nielsen, L. D.
name: Attia, O.
name: Bourrier, V.
name: Pearce, L.
name: Venturini, J.
name: Winn, J. N.
name: Bouchy, F.
name: Bouma, L. G.
name: Briceño, C.
name: Collins, K. A.
name: Davis, A. B.
name: Eastman, J. D.
name: Evans, P.
name: Grieves, N.
name: Guerrero, N. M.
name: Hellier, C.
name: Jones, M. I.
name: Latham, D. W.
name: Law, N.
name: Mann, A. W.
name: Marmier, M.
name: Ottoni, G.
name: Radford, D. J.
name: Restori, N.
name: Rudat, A.
name: Santos, L. Dos
name: Seager, S.
name: Stassun, K.
name: Stockdale, C.
name: Udry, S.
name: Wang, Songhu
name: Ziegler, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a hot Jupiter on a 3.28-day orbit around a 1.08 M$_{Sun}$ G0 star that is the secondary component in a loose binary system. Based on follow-up radial velocity observations of TOI-858 B with CORALIE on the Swiss 1.2 m telescope and CHIRON on the 1.5 m telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), we measured the planet mass to be $1.10\pm 0.08$ M$_{J}$ . Two transits were further observed with CORALIE to determine the alignment of TOI-858 B b with respect to its host star. Analysis of the Rossiter-McLaughlin signal from the planet shows that the sky-projected obliquity is $λ= 99.3\pm 3.8$. Numerical simulations show that the neighbour star TOI-858 A is too distant to have trapped the planet in a Kozai-Lidov resonance, suggesting a different dynamical evolution or a primordial origin to explain this misalignment. The 1.15 Msun primary F9 star of the system (TYC 8501-01597-1, at $ρ$ ~11") was also observed with CORALIE in order to provide upper limits for the presence of a planetary companion orbiting that star.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Influence of $s_{\pm}$ symmetry on unconventional superconductivity in pnictides above the Pauli limit -- two-band model study
Creators: name: Ptok, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theoretical analysis of the Cooper pair susceptibility shows the two-band Fe-based superconductors (FeSC) to support the existence of the phase with nonzero Cooper pair momentum (called the Fulde--Ferrel--Larkin--Ovchinnikov phase or shortly FFLO), regardless of the order parameter symmetry. Moreover this phase for the FeSC model with $s_{\pm}$ symmetry is the ground state of the system near the Pauli limit. This article discusses the phase diagram $h-T$ for FeSC in the two-band model and its physical consequences. We compare the results for the superconducting order parameter with s-wave and $s_{\pm}$-wave symmetry -- in first case the FFLO phase can occur in both bands, while in second case only in one band. We analyze the resulting order parameter in real space -- showing that the FeSC with $s_{\pm}$-wave symmetry in the Pauli limit have typical properties of one-band systems, such as oscillations of the order parameter in real space with constant amplitude, whereas with s-wave symmetry the oscillations have an amplitude modulation. Discussing the free energy in the superconducting state we show that in absence of orbital effects, the phase transition from the BCS to the FFLO state is always first order, whereas from the FFLO phase to normal state is second order.
description: European Physical Journal B (2013)
Additional file 1 of Postoperative analgesic effect of acupotomy combined with patient-controlled analgesia in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Jiang, Cai
name: Yinyan Li
name: Xiaomei Li
name: Jinhua Guo
name: Miaomiao Guo
name: Shengxian Yu
name: Zhonghua Lin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT checklist.
Ground States for Diffusion Dominated Free Energies with Logarithmic Interaction
Creators: name: Carrillo, José Antonio
name: Castorina, Daniele
name: Volzone, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Replacing linear diffusion by a degenerate diffusion of porous medium type is known to regularize the classical two-dimensional parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel model. The implications of nonlinear diffusion are that solutions exist globally and are uniformly bounded in time. We analyse the stationary case showing the existence of a unique, up to translation, global minimizer of the associated free energy. Furthermore, we prove that this global minimizer is a radially decreasing compactly supported continuous density function which is smooth inside its support, and it is characterized as the unique compactly supported stationary state of the evolution model. This unique profile is the clear candidate to describe the long time asymptotics of the diffusion dominated classical Keller-Segel model for general initial data.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures
An inexpensive device for monitoring patients' weights via automated hovering
Creators: name: Shaffer, Jonathan A.
name: Diaz, Keith
name: Alcantara, Carmela
name: Edmondson, Donald E.
name: Krupka, David J.
name: Chaplin, William F.
name: Davidson, Karina W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Telecommunication in medicine
Body weight
Heart failure
Medicine
Public health

description: Daily weight monitoring is integral to the management of heart failure (HF) [1]. Indeed, weight gain is a marker of HF decompensation, and daily weight monitoring has been associated with favorable prognosis [2]. Until now, assessment of weight has required patients to attend an in-person visit, which provides only an infrequent snapshot of their weight. Remote hovering practices have gained considerable traction during the past several years [3–7], but their use outside of research settings has been limited.
MPEC 2023-M18 : 2023 LE2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 LE2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Good words, Volume 41
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Religion--Periodicals
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1093793
subject: English periodicals
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/912239
subject: Pictorial works
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1423874

description: A 19th-century religious monthly periodical in the United Kingdom. Established in 1860 and edited by Norman Macleod until his death in 1872 when his brother Donald Maclead took over as editor. Contains religious materials along with fiction and non-fiction articles and illustrations aimed at an audience of all ages. Merged with: Sunday magazine; to form: Good words and Sunday magazine.
The effect of Jupiter on the CAI storage problem
Creators: name: Jongejan, Stefan
name: Dominik, Carsten
name: Dullemond, Cornelis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By studying the distribution of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs) that are embedded within meteorites, we can learn about the dynamical history of the protoplanetary disk from which our Solar System formed. A long-standing problem concerning CAIs is the CAI storage problem. CAIs are thought to have formed at high temperatures near the Sun, but they are primarily found in carbonaceous chondrites, which formed much further out, beyond the orbit of Jupiter. Additionally, radial drift of CAI particles should have removed them from the solar protoplanetary disk several million years before the parent bodies of meteorites in which they are encountered would have accreted. We revisit a previously suggested solution to the CAI storage problem by Desch, Kalyaan, and Alexander which proposed that CAIs were mixed radially outward through the disk and subsequently got trapped in a pressure maximum created by Jupiter's growing core opening a planet gap. Our aim is to investigate whether their solution still works when we take into account the infall phase during which the disk builds up from the collapse of a molecular cloud core. We build a 1D numerical code in Python using the DISKLAB package to simulate the evolution of the solar protoplanetary disk, starting with a collapsing molecular cloud. We find that outward transport of CAIs during the infall phase is very efficient, possibly mixing them all the way into the far outer disk. Subsequent inward radial drift collects CAIs in the pressure maximum beyond Jupiter's orbit while draining the inner disk, roughly reproducing parts of the result by Desch et al. By introducing CAI formation so early, abundances out to 100 AU remain significant, possibly not consistent with some meteoritic data. It is possible to create a disk that does not expand as far out and also does not push CAIs as far out by using a very slowly rotating cloud.
Inverse-problem versus principal component analysis methods for angular differential imaging of circumstellar disks. The mustard algorithm
Creators: name: Juillard, Sandrine
name: Christiaens, Valentin
name: Absil, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circumstellar disk images have highlighted a wide variety of morphological features. Recovering disk images from high-contrast angular differential imaging (ADI) sequences are however generally affected by geometrical biases, leading to unreliable inference of the morphology of extended disk features. Recently, two types of approaches have been proposed to recover more robust disk images from ADI sequences: iterative principal component analysis, and inverse problem approaches. We introduce MUSTARD, a new IP-based algorithm designed to address the problem of the flux invariant to the rotation in ADI sequences; a limitation inherent to the ADI observing strategy, and discuss the advantages of IP approaches with respect to PCA-based algorithms. The MUSTARD model relies on the addition of morphological priors on the disk and speckle field to a standard IP approach to tackle rotation-invariant signal in circumstellar disk images. We compare the performance of MUSTARD, I-PCA, and standard PCA on a sample of high-contrast imaging data sets acquired in different observing conditions, after injecting a variety of synthetic disk models at different contrast levels. MUSTARD significantly improves the recovery of rotation-invariant signal in disk images, especially for data sets obtained in good observing conditions. However, the MUSTARD model is shown to inadequately handle unstable ADI data sets, and to provide shallower detection limits than PCA-based approaches. MUSTARD has the potential to deliver more robust disk images by introducing a prior to address the inherent ambiguity of ADI observations. However, the effectiveness of the prior is partly hindered by our limited knowledge of the morphological and temporal properties of the stellar speckle halo. In light of this limitation, we suggest that the algorithm could be improved by enforcing a prior based on a library of reference stars
description: 35 pages, 38 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics journal the 25 September 2023
The Gelfond-Schnirelman method in prime number theory
Creators: name: Pritsker, Igor E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11N05, 31A15, Secondary 11C08

description: The original Gelfond-Schnirelman method, proposed in 1936, uses polynomials with integer coefficients and small norms on $[0,1]$ to give a Chebyshev-type lower bound in prime number theory. We study a generalization of this method for polynomials in many variables. Our main result is a lower bound for the integral of Chebyshev's $ψ$-function, expressed in terms of the weighted capacity. This extends previous work of Nair and Chudnovsky, and connects the subject to the potential theory with external fields generated by polynomial-type weights. We also solve the corresponding potential theoretic problem, by finding the extremal measure and its support.
Unmasking masked hypertension: prevalence, clinical implications, diagnosis, correlates and future directions
Creators: name: Peacock, James
name: Diaz, Keith
name: Viera, Anthony J.
name: Schwartz, Joseph E.
name: Shimbo, Daichi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Cardiology
Hypertension
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Public health
Medical sciences
Epidemiology

description: ‘Masked hypertension’ is defined as having non-elevated clinic blood pressure (BP) with elevated out-of-clinic average BP, typically determined by ambulatory BP monitoring. Approximately 15–30% of adults with non-elevated clinic BP have masked hypertension. Masked hypertension is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared with sustained normotension (non-elevated clinic and ambulatory BP), which is similar to or approaching the risk associated with sustained hypertension (elevated clinic and ambulatory BP). The confluence of increased cardiovascular risk and a failure to be diagnosed by the conventional approach of clinic BP measurement makes masked hypertension a significant public health concern. However, many important questions remain. First, the definition of masked hypertension varies across studies. Further, the best approach in the clinical setting to exclude masked hypertension also remains unknown. It is unclear whether home BP monitoring is an adequate substitute for ambulatory BP monitoring in identifying masked hypertension. Few studies have examined the mechanistic pathways that may explain masked hypertension. Finally, scarce data are available on the best approach to treating individuals with masked hypertension. Herein, we review the current literature on masked hypertension including definition, prevalence, clinical implications, special patient populations, correlates, issues related to diagnosis, treatment and areas for future research.
Sulfur isotope ratios in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Gong, Y.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Chen, C. -H. R.
name: Zhang, Z. Y.
name: Yan, Y. T.
name: Weiss, A.
name: Langer, N.
name: Wang, J. Z.
name: Mao, R. Q.
name: Tang, X. D.
name: Yang, W.
name: Ao, Y. P.
name: Wang, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sulfur isotope ratios have emerged as a promising tool for tracing stellar nucleosynthesis, quantifying stellar populations, and investigating the chemical evolution of galaxies. While extensively studied in the Milky Way, in extragalactic environments they remain largely unexplored. We focus on investigating the sulfur isotope ratios in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) to gain insights into sulfur enrichment in this nearby system and to establish benchmarks for such ratios in metal-poor galaxies. We conducted pointed observations of CS and its isotopologues toward N113, one of the most prominent star-formation regions in the LMC, utilizing the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment 12~m telescope. We present the first robust detection of C$^{33}$S in the LMC by successfully identifying two C$^{33}$S transitions on a large scale of $\sim$5 pc. Our measurements result in an accurate determination of the $^{34}$S/$^{33}$S isotope ratio, which is 2.0$\pm$0.2. Our comparative analysis indicates that the $^{32}$S/$^{33}$S and $^{34}$S/$^{33}$S isotope ratios are about a factor of 2 lower in the LMC than in the Milky Way. Our findings suggest that the low $^{34}$S/$^{33}$S isotope ratio in the LMC can be attributed to a combination of the age effect, low metallicity, and star formation history.
description: 6 pages, 1 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A, adjusted to the final version
The first scattered light images of HD 112810, a faint debris disk in the Sco-Cen association
Creators: name: Matthews, Elisabeth C.
name: Bonnefoy, Mickaël
name: Xie, Chen
name: Desgrange, Célia
name: Desidera, Silvano
name: Delorme, Philippe
name: Milli, Julien
name: Olofsson, Johan
name: Barbato, Domenico
name: Ceva, William
name: Augereau, Jean-Charles
name: Biller, Beth A.
name: Chen, Christine H.
name: Faramaz-Gorka, Virginie
name: Galicher, Raphaël
name: Hinkley, Sasha
name: Lagrange, Anne-Marie
name: Ménard, François
name: Pinte, Christophe
name: Stapelfeldt, Karl R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Circumstellar debris disks provide insight into the formation and early evolution of planetary systems. Resolved belts in particular help to locate planetesimals in exosystems, and can hint at the presence of disk-sculpting exoplanets. Aims: We study the circumstellar environment of HD 112810 (HIP 63439), a mid-F type star in the Sco-Cen association with a significant infrared excess indicating the presence of a circumstellar debris disk. Methods: We collected five high-contrast observations of HD 112810 with VLT/SPHERE. We identified a debris disk in scattered light, and found that the debris signature is robust over a number of epochs and a variety of reduction techniques. We modelled the disk, accounting for self-subtraction and assuming that it is optically thin. Results: We find a single-belt debris disk, with a radius of 118$\pm$9au and an inclination angle of ${75.7}^{+1.1}_{-1.3}$$°$. This is in good agreement with the constraints from SED modelling and from a partially-resolved ALMA image of the system. No planets are detected, though planets below the detection limit ($\sim$2.6M$_\textrm{J}$ at a projected separation of 118au) could be present and could have contributed to sculpting the ring of debris. Conclusions: HD 112810 adds to the growing inventory of debris disks imaged in scattered light. The disk is faint, but the radius and the inclination of the disk are promising for follow-up studies of the dust properties.
description: A&A accepted. 13 pages, 6 figures + appendix
Recognizing Speech in a Novel Accent: The Motor Theory of Speech Perception Reframed
Creators: name: Moulin-Frier, Clément
name: Arbib, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The motor theory of speech perception holds that we perceive the speech of another in terms of a motor representation of that speech. However, when we have learned to recognize a foreign accent, it seems plausible that recognition of a word rarely involves reconstruction of the speech gestures of the speaker rather than the listener. To better assess the motor theory and this observation, we proceed in three stages. Part 1 places the motor theory of speech perception in a larger framework based on our earlier models of the adaptive formation of mirror neurons for grasping, and for viewing extensions of that mirror system as part of a larger system for neuro-linguistic processing, augmented by the present consideration of recognizing speech in a novel accent. Part 2 then offers a novel computational model of how a listener comes to understand the speech of someone speaking the listener's native language with a foreign accent. The core tenet of the model is that the listener uses hypotheses about the word the speaker is currently uttering to update probabilities linking the sound produced by the speaker to phonemes in the native language repertoire of the listener. This, on average, improves the recognition of later words. This model is neutral regarding the nature of the representations it uses (motor vs. auditory). It serve as a reference point for the discussion in Part 3, which proposes a dual-stream neuro-linguistic architecture to revisits claims for and against the motor theory of speech perception and the relevance of mirror neurons, and extracts some implications for the reframing of the motor theory.
Tecnológico de Monterrey. Informe final sobre mentorías
Creators: name: Tecnologico De Monterrey W-STEM Team
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Women, Science, Engineering, gender, STEM, W-STEM

description: Informe final sobre mentorías
description: The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Determinants of bone mass and bone size in a large cohort of physically active young adult men
Creators: name: Ruffing, J. A.
name: Cosman, Felicia
name: Zion, M.
name: Tendy, Susan
name: Garrett, P.
name: Lindsay, Robert
name: Nieves, Jeri W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Diseases--Risk factors
Osteoporosis
Epidemiology
Public health

description: The determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) at multiple sites were examined in a fit college population. Subjects were 755 males (mean age = 18.7 years) entering the United States Military Academy. A questionnaire assessed exercise frequency and milk, caffeine, and alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Academy staff measured height, weight, and fitness. Calcaneal BMD was measured by peripheral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (pDXA). Peripheral-quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was used to measure tibial mineral content, circumference and cortical thickness. Spine and hip BMD were measured by DXA in a subset (n = 159). Mean BMD at all sites was approximately one standard deviation above young normal (p < 0.05). African Americans had significantly higher hip, spine and heel BMD and greater tibial mineral content and cortical thickness than Caucasians and Asians. In Caucasians (n = 653), weight was a significant determinant of BMD at every skeletal site. Prior exercise levels and milk intake positively related to bone density and size, while caffeine had a negative impact. There was an apparent interaction between milk and exercise in BMD at the heel, spine, hip and tibial mineral content and cortical thickness. Our data confirm the importance of race, body size, milk intake and duration of weekly exercise as determinants of BMD and bone size.
Additional file 2 of Simulated patient and role play methodologies for communication skills and empathy training of undergraduate medical students
Creators: name: Bagacean, Cristina
name: Ianis Cousin
name: Anne-Helene Ubertini
name: Idrissi, Mohamed El Yacoubi El
name: Bordron, Anne
name: Mercadie, Lolita
name: Garcia, Leonor Canales
name: Jean-Christophe Ianotto
name: Vries, Philine De
name: Berthou, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. CARE (Consultation and Relational Empathy) questionnaire adapted from Mercer SW, 2005 [26].
Population genetic estimation of the loss of genetic diversity during horizontal transmission of HIV-1
Creators: name: Edwards, Charles
name: Holmes, Edward
name: Wilson, Daniel
name: Viscidi, Raphael
name: Abrams, Elaine J.
name: Phillips, Rodney
name: Drummond, Alexei
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: HIV (Viruses)
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Epidemiology

description: Background: Genetic diversity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) population within an individual is lost during transmission to a new host. The demography of transmission is an important determinant of evolutionary dynamics, particularly the relative impact of natural selection and genetic drift immediately following HIV-1 infection. Despite this, the magnitude of this population bottleneck is unclear. Results: We use coalescent methods to quantify the bottleneck in a single case of homosexual transmission and find that over 99% of the env and gag diversity present in the donor is lost. This was consistent with the diversity present at seroconversion in nine other horizontally infected individuals. Furthermore, we estimated viral diversity at birth in 27 infants infected through vertical transmission and found there to be no difference between the two modes of transmission. Conclusion: Assuming the bottleneck at transmission is selectively neutral, such a severe reduction in genetic diversity has important implications for adaptation in HIV-1, since beneficial mutations have a reduced chance of transmission.
Cell type-specific over-expression of chromosome 21 genes in fibroblasts and fetal hearts with trisomy 21
Creators: name: Li, Chi-Ming
name: Guo, Meirong
name: Salas, Martha
name: Schupf, Nicole
name: Silverman, Wayne
name: Zigman, Warren
name: Husain, Sameera
name: Warburton, Dorothy P.
name: Thaker, Harshwardhan
name: Tycko, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Gene expression
subject: Down syndrome
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cytology

description: Background: Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy 21 (+21), but the aberrations in gene expression resulting from this chromosomal aneuploidy are not yet completely understood. Methods: We used oligonucleotide microarrays to survey mRNA expression in early- and late-passage control and +21 fibroblasts and mid-gestation fetal hearts. We supplemented this analysis with northern blotting, western blotting, real-time RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Results: We found chromosome 21 genes consistently over-represented among the genes over-expressed in the +21 samples. However, these sets of over-expressed genes differed across the three cell/tissue types. The chromosome 21 gene MX1 was strongly over-expressed (mean 16-fold) in senescent +21 fibroblasts, a result verified by northern and western blotting. MX1 is an interferon target gene, and its mRNA was induced by interferons present in +21 fibroblast conditioned medium, suggesting an autocrine loop for its over-expression. By immunohistochemistry the p78MX1 protein was induced in lesional tissue of alopecia areata, an autoimmune disorder associated with DS. We found strong over-expression of the purine biosynthesis gene GART (mean 3-fold) in fetal hearts with +21 and verified this result by northern blotting and real-time RT-PCR. Conclusion: Different subsets of chromosome 21 genes are over-expressed in different cell types with +21, and for some genes this over-expression is non-linear (>1.5X). Hyperactive interferon signaling is a candidate pathway for cell senescence and autoimmune disorders in DS, and abnormal purine metabolism should be investigated for a potential role in cardiac defects.
A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos In the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): JWST Discovers an Overdensity around a Metal Absorption-selected Galaxy at $z\sim5.5$
Creators: name: Wu, Yunjing
name: Wang, Feige
name: Cai, Zheng
name: Fan, Xiaohui
name: Finlator, Kristian
name: Yang, Jinyi
name: Hennawi, Joseph F.
name: Sun, Fengwu
name: Champagne, Jaclyn B.
name: Lin, Xiaojing
name: Li, Zihao
name: Chen, Zuyi
name: Bañados, Eduardo
name: Becker, George D.
name: Bosman, Sarah E. I.
name: Bruzual, Gstavo
name: Charlot, Stephane
name: Chen, Hsiao-Wen
name: Chevallard, Jacopo
name: Eilers, Anna-Christina
name: Farina, Emanuele Paolo
name: Jin, Xiangyu
name: Jun, Hyunsung D.
name: Kakiichi, Koki
name: Li, Mingyu
name: Liu, Weizhe
name: Pudoka, Maria A.
name: Tee, Wei Leong
name: Xie, Zhang-Liang
name: Zou, Siwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The launch of ${\it JWST}$ opens a new window for studying the connection between metal-line absorbers and galaxies at the end of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Previous studies have detected absorber-galaxy pairs in limited quantities through ground-based observations. To enhance our understanding of the relationship between absorbers and their host galaxies at $z>5$, we utilized the NIRCam Wide Field Slitless Spectroscopy (WFSS) to search for absorber-associated galaxies by detecting their rest-frame optical emission lines (e.g., [OIII] + H$β$). We report the discovery of a MgII-associated galaxy at $z=5.428$ using data from the ${\it JWST}$ ASPIRE program. The MgII absorber is detected on the spectrum of quasar J0305--3150 with a rest-frame equivalent width of 0.74$\mathring{A}$. The associated galaxy has an [OIII] luminosity of $10^{42.5}\ {\rm erg\ s^{-1}}$ with an impact parameter of 24.9 proper kiloparsecs (pkpc). The joint ${\it HST}$-${\it JWST}$ spectral energy distribution (SED) implies a stellar mass and star-formation rate of ${\rm M_* \approx 10^{8.8}}$ ${\rm M_{\odot}}$, ${\rm SFR}\approx 10\ {\rm M_{\odot}\ yr^{-1}}$. Its [OIII] equivalent width and stellar mass are typical of [OIII] emitters at this redshift. Furthermore, connecting the outflow starting time to the SED-derived stellar age, the outflow velocity of this galaxy is $\sim300\ {\rm km\ s^{-1}}$, consistent with theoretical expectations. We identified six additional [OIII] emitters with impact parameters of up to $\sim300$ pkpc at similar redshifts ($|dv|<1000\ {\rm km\ s^{-1}}$). The observed number is consistent with that in cosmological simulations. This pilot study suggests that systematically investigating the absorber-galaxy connection within the ASPIRE program will provide insights into the metal-enrichment history in the early universe.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL. Main text 8 pages, 4 figures. For more information of the JWST ASPIRE program please check https://aspire-quasar.github.io/index.html
Effect of line defects on the electrical transport properties of monolayer MoS$_{2}$ sheet
Creators: name: Sengupta, Amretashis
name: Saha, Dipankar
name: Niehaus, Thomas A.
name: Mahapatra, Santanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a computational study on the impact of line defects on the electronic properties of monolayer MoS2. Four different kinds of line defects with Mo and S as the bridging atoms, consistent with recent theoretical and experimental observations are considered herein. We employ the density functional tight-binding (DFTB) method with a Slater-Koster type DFTB-CP2K basis set for evaluating the material properties of perfect and the various defective MoS2 sheets. The transmission spectra is computed with a DFTB-Non-Equilibrium Greens Function (NEGF) formalism. We also perform a detailed analysis of the carrier transmission pathways under a small bias and investigate the phase shifts in the transmission eigenstates of the defective MoS2 sheets. Our simulations show a 2-4 folds decrease in carrier conductance of MoS2 sheets in the presence of line defects as compared to that for the perfect sheet.
Small-molecule modulators of Hedgehog signaling: identification and characterization of Smoothened agonists and antagonists
Creators: name: Frank-Kamenetsky, Maria
name: Zhang, Xiaoyan
name: Bottega, Steve
name: Guicherit, Oivin
name: Wichterle, Hynek
name: Dudek, Henryk
name: Bumcrot, David
name: Wang, Frank
name: Jones, Simon
name: Shulok, Janine
name: Rubin, Lee
name: Porter, Jeffery
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Therapeutics
Cellular signal transduction
Cytology
Molecular biology

description: Background: The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is vital to animal development as it mediates the differentiation of multiple cell types during embryogenesis. In adults, Hh signaling can be activated to facilitate tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, stimulation of the Hh pathway has shown therapeutic efficacy in models of neuropathy. The underlying mechanisms of Hh signal transduction remain obscure, however: little is known about the communication between the pathway suppressor Patched (Ptc), a multipass transmembrane protein that directly binds Hh, and the pathway activator Smoothened (Smo), a protein that is related to G-protein-coupled receptors and is capable of constitutive activation in the absence of Ptc. Results: We have identified and characterized a synthetic non-peptidyl small molecule, Hh-Ag, that acts as an agonist of the Hh pathway. This Hh agonist promotes cell-type-specific proliferation and concentration-dependent differentiation in vitro, while in utero it rescues aspects of the Hh-signaling defect in Sonic hedgehog-null, but not Smo-null, mouse embryos. Biochemical studies with Hh-Ag, the Hh-signaling antagonist cyclopamine, and a novel Hh-signaling inhibitor Cur61414, reveal that the action of all these compounds is independent of Hh-protein ligand and of the Hh receptor Ptc, as each binds directly to Smo. Conclusions: Smo can have its activity modulated directly by synthetic small molecules. These studies raise the possibility that Hh signaling may be regulated by endogenous small molecules in vivo and provide potent compounds with which to test the therapeutic value of activating the Hh-signaling pathway in the treatment of traumatic and chronic degenerative conditions.