cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Correlation of Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters, in adults with repaired Fallot Tetralogy and ventricular function and volumes assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR).
Creators: name: Lama, Niki
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: MR
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Image registration

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common complex congenital heart anomaly. Over the past years, advantages in diagnosis and management of these patients resulted in progressively increase survival rates. So, attention is now shifted from hard...
Computing Floquet quasienergies in finite and extended systems: Role of electromagnetic and quantum-geometric gauges
Creators: name: Puente-Uriona, Álvaro R.
name: Modugno, Michele
name: Souza, Ivo
name: Ibañez-Azpiroz, Julen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an approach to compute the Floquet quasienergy spectrum of time-periodic systems. The method allows to characterize the light-matter interaction in finite and extended structures by carefully addressing the resolution of the position operator. In periodic systems we discuss the role of the quantum-geometric gauge freedom of Bloch states and employ a Wannier-based scheme to compute the required matrix elements. As a consequence, the method is accurate and applicable to a broad range of systems, from atoms and molecules to cold atomic gases and materials described by density functional theory, as well as model systems. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach by studying two cases: a particle trapped in a one-dimensional box and the semiconducting material BC$_2$N. We employ the first example to provide a numerical proof of the invariance of the Floquet quasienergy spectrum with respect to the choice of electromagnetic gauge. The analysis of BC$_2$N then serves to illustrate the physical effects described by the quasienergies, such as multiphoton resonances, and their expected range of occurrence in real materials in terms of external electric field and frequency of the drive pulse.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Considerations for extracting moiré-level strain from dark field intensities in transmission electron microscopy
Creators: name: Craig, Isaac M.
name: Van Winkle, Madeline
name: Ophus, Colin
name: Bediako, D. Kwabena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bragg interferometry (BI) is an imaging technique based on four-dimensional scanning electron microscopy (4D-STEM) wherein the intensities of select overlapping Bragg disks are fit or more qualitatively analyzed in the context of simple trigonometric equations to determine local stacking order. In 4D-STEM based approaches, the collection of full diffraction patterns at each real-space position of the scanning probe allows the use of precise virtual apertures much smaller and more variable in shape than those used in conventional dark field imaging, such that even buried interfaces marginally twisted from other layers can be targeted. A coarse-grained form of dark field ptychography, BI uses simple physically derived fitting functions to extract the average structure within the illumination region and is therefore viable over large fields of view. BI has shown a particular advantage for selectively investigating the interlayer stacking and associated moiré reconstruction of bilayer interfaces within complex multi-layered structures. This has enabled investigation of reconstruction and substrate effects in bilayers through encapsulating hexagonal boron nitride and of select bilayer interfaces within trilayer stacks. However, the technique can be improved to provide a greater spatial resolution and probe a wider range of twisted structures, for which current limitations on acquisition parameters can lead to large illumination regions and the computationally involved post-processing can fail. Here we analyze these limitations and the computational processing in greater depth, presenting a few methods for improvement over previous works, discussing potential areas for further expansion, and illustrating the current capabilities of this approach for extracting moiré-scale strain.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Shearing box simulations in the Rayleigh unstable regime
Creators: name: Nauman, Farrukh
name: Blackman, Eric G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stability properties of Rayleigh unstable flows both in the purely hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) regimes for two different values of the shear $q=2.1, 4.2$ ($q = - d\lnΩ/ d\ln r$) and compare it with the Keplerian case $q=1.5$. We find that the $q>2$ regime is unstable both in the hydrodynamic and in the MHD limit (with an initially weak magnetic field). In this regime, the velocity fluctuations dominate the magnetic fluctuations. In contrast, in the $q<2$ (magnetorotational instability (MRI)) regime the magnetic fluctuations dominate. This highlights two different paths to MHD turbulence implied by the two regimes, suggesting that in the $q>2$ regime the instability produces primarily velocity fluctuations that cause magnetic fluctuations, with the causality reversed for the $q<2$ MRI unstable regime. We also find that the magnetic field correlation is increasingly localized as the shear is increased in the Rayleigh unstable regime. In calculating the time evolution of spatial averages of different terms in the MHD equations, we find that the $q>2$ regime is dominated by terms which are nonlinear in the fluctuations, whereas for $q<2$, the linear terms play a more significant role.
description: accepted by MNRAS: 10 pages, 14 figures, 1 table; revised and expanded
Multistability and spin diffusion enhanced lifetimes in dynamic nuclear polarization in a double quantum dot
Creators: name: Forster, Florian
name: Mühlbacher, Max
name: Schuh, Dieter
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Giedke, Geza
name: Ludwig, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The control of nuclear spins in quantum dots is essential to explore their many-body dynamics and exploit their prospects for quantum information processing. We present a unique combination of dynamic nuclear spin polarization and electric-dipole-induced spin resonance in an electrostatically defined double quantum dot (DQD) exposed to the strongly inhomogeneous field of two on-chip nanomagnets. Our experiments provide direct and unrivaled access to the nuclear spin polarization distribution and allow us to establish and characterize multiple fixed points. Further, we demonstrate polarization of the DQD environment by nuclear spin diffusion which significantly stabilizes the nuclear spins inside the DQD.
(401718) Jean Anderson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The phonetics of newly derived words: Testing the effect of morphological segmentability on affix duration
Creators: name: Plag, Ingo
name: Ben Hedia, Sonia
Publisher: name: HHU
Year: 2018
Subjects: linguistics
morphology
phonology
phonetics
morphological segmentability
speech production
affixes
English

description: Newly derived morphologically complex words have played a prominent role in research on morphological productivity and lexical innovation (e.g. Baayen 1989, 1996; Plag 1999; Mühleisen 2010). Most of the attention concerning the properties of such words has been devoted to their phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic properties (see, for example, Bauer et al. 2013 for such analyses). This paper takes a look at the phonetic properties of affixed words, testing Hay’s (2003) ‘segmentability hypothesis’, according to which newly derived words are expected to show less phonetic integration, hence less phonetic reduction, of the affix involved than established forms. This hypothesis is based on the idea that morphological segmentability negatively correlates with phonological integration. To date there is only one study that clearly confirmed the segmentability hypothesis (i.e. Hay 2007), while other studies have failed to replicate the effect (see Hanique and Ernestus 2012 for an overview). The present study investigates the issue with data from the Switchboard corpus for five affixes of English: un-, locative in-, negative in-, dis- and adverbial -ly. Using different measures of morphological segmentability, we demonstrate that the durations of the two prefixes un- and dis- (unlike the durations of in- and -ly) largely support the segmentability hypothesis. With un- and dis- prefixed words, prefixes that are more easily segmentable have longer durations.
Operator Theory on the Pentablock
Creators: name: Jindal, Abhay
name: Kumar, Poornendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A13, 47A15, 47A20, 47A25, 93B50, 46L05

description: The pentablock, denoted as $\cP,$ is defined as follows: $$\cP= \left\{ (a_{21}, {\rm tr}(A), {\rm det}(A)) : A = [a_{ij}]_{2 \times 2} \text{ with } \|A\|<1 \right\}.$$ It originated from the work of Agler--Lykova--Young in connection with a particular case of the $μ$-synthesis problem. It is a non-convex, polynomially convex, $\mathbb{C}$-convex, star-like about the origin, and inhomogeneous domain.
 This paper deals with operator theory on the pentablock. We study pentablock unitaries and isometries, providing an algebraic characterization of pentablock isometries. En route, we provide the Wold-type decomposition for pentablock isometries, which consists of three parts: the unitary part, the pure part, and a new component. We define this novel component as the quasi-pentablock unitary and provide a functional model for it. Additionally, a model for a class of pure pentablock isometries has been found, along with some examples. Furthermore, a representation resembling the Beurling-Lax-Halmos paradigm has been presented for the invariant subspaces of pentablock pure isometries.
Rayleigh surface waves of extremal elastic materials
Creators: name: Wei, Yu
name: Chen, Yi
name: Cheng, Wen
name: Liu, Xiaoning
name: Hu, Gengkai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extremal elastic materials here refer to a specific class of elastic materials whose elastic matrices exhibit one or more zero eigenvalues, resulting in soft deformation modes that, in principle, cost no energy. They can be approximated through artificially designed solid microstructures. Extremal elastic materials have exotic bulk wave properties unavailable with conventional solids due to the soft modes, offering unprecedented opportunities for manipulating bulk waves, e.g., acting as phonon polarizers for elastic waves or invisibility cloaks for underwater acoustic waves. Despite their potential, Rayleigh surface waves, crucially linked to bulk wave behaviors of such extremal elastic materials, have largely remained unexplored so far. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the propagation of Rayleigh waves in extremal elastic materials based on continuum theory and verify our findings with designed microstructure metamaterials based on pantographic structures. Dispersion relations and polarizations of Rayleigh waves in extremal elastic materials are derived, and the impact of higher order gradient effects is also investigated by using strain gradient theory. This study provides a continuum model for exploring surface waves in extremal elastic materials and may stimulate applications of extremal elastic materials for controlling surface waves.
description: 8 figures
(401719) William M Ritchie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Emergent MRI: Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Compression
Creators: name: Pérez Termenón, Alicia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Emergency
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Acute

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review medular anatomy To review causes of non traumatic spinal cord compression To describe radiological findings on MRI of medular...
On the Robustness of Global Feature Effect Explanations
Creators: name: Baniecki, Hubert
name: Casalicchio, Giuseppe
name: Bischl, Bernd
name: Biecek, Przemyslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the robustness of global post-hoc explanations for predictive models trained on tabular data. Effects of predictor features in black-box supervised learning are an essential diagnostic tool for model debugging and scientific discovery in applied sciences. However, how vulnerable they are to data and model perturbations remains an open research question. We introduce several theoretical bounds for evaluating the robustness of partial dependence plots and accumulated local effects. Our experimental results with synthetic and real-world datasets quantify the gap between the best and worst-case scenarios of (mis)interpreting machine learning predictions globally.
description: Accepted at ECML PKDD 2024
title: Meckel diverticulum and its complications: a radio-surgical imaging correlation from our institution.
Creators: name: Lopez Maseda, Andoni
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Paediatric
subject: CT
subject: Nuclear medicine conventional
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Surgery
subject: Congenital
subject: Diverticula

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The main purpose of this poster is to go over the spectrum of complications of Meckel diverticula and their imaging features through a series of cases from our hospital, showing plain X-ray, ultrasound and CT scan images obtained from different...
Heavy quark potential from deformed $AdS_5$ models
Creators: name: Zhang, Zi-qiang
name: Hou, De-fu
name: Chen, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the heavy quark potential in some holographic QCD models. The calculation relies on a modified renormalization scheme mentioned in a previous work of Albacete et al. After studying the heavy quark potential in Pirner-Galow model and Andreev-Zakharov model, we extend the discussion to a general deformed $AdS_5$ case. It is shown that the obtained potential is negative definite for all quark-antiquark separations, differs from that using the usual renormalization scheme.
description: 8 pages, 2 figure. Accepted by Nuclear Physics A
Mechanism of Replication-Coupled DNA Interstrand Crosslink Repair
Creators: name: Räschle, Markus
name: Griffith, Jack D.
name: Angelov, Todor
name: Walter, Johannes C.
name: Schärer, Orlando D.
name: Knipsheer, Puck
name: Sun, Jingchuan
name: Enoiu, Milica
name: Ellenberger, Tom E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are toxic DNA lesions whose repair occurs in the S phase of metazoans via an unknown mechanism. Here, we describe a novel cell-free system based on Xenopus egg extracts that supports ICL repair. During DNA replication of a plasmid containing a site-specific ICL, two replication forks converge on the cross-link. Subsequent lesion bypass involves advance of a nascent leading strand to within one nucleotide of the ICL, followed by incisions, translesion DNA synthesis, and extension of the nascent strand beyond the lesion. Immunodepletion experiments suggest that extension requires DNA polymeras ζ Ultimately, a significant portion of the input DNA is fully repaired, but not if DNA replication is blocked. Repair in this system is accompanied by activation of the Fanconi anemia and ATR checkpoint pathways. Our experiments establish a mechanism for ICL repair that reveals how this process is coupled to DNA replication.
title: Duplex ultrasound assessment of carotid arteries in atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Jadib, Abdelhamid
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Power Doppler
subject: Ultrasound-Spectral Doppler
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Arteriosclerosis

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Review current concepts technological advancements of Duplex ultrasound of carotid arteries. Examine current concepts, methodologies, and diagnostic criteria of Duplex ultrasound in the assessment of atherosclerosis changes in the extracranial...
(401711) Elizabeth Murray
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(401712) Rev Dr Macintosh Buchanan
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Combination of searches for Higgs boson pair production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This Letter presents results from a combination of searches for Higgs boson pair production using 126$-$140 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector. At 95% confidence level (CL), the upper limit on the production rate is 2.9 times the standard model (SM) prediction, with an expected limit of 2.4 assuming no Higgs boson pair production. Constraints on the Higgs boson self-coupling modifier $κ_λ=λ_{HHH}/λ_{HHH}^\mathrm{SM}$, and the quartic $HHVV$ coupling modifier $κ_{2V}=g_{HHVV}/g_{HHVV}^\mathrm{SM}$, are derived individually, fixing the other parameter to its SM value. The observed 95% CL intervals are $-1.2 < κ_λ < 7.2$ and $0.6 < κ_{2V} < 1.5$, respectively, while the expected intervals are $-1.6 < κ_λ < 7.2$ and $0.4 < κ_{2V} < 1.6$ in the SM case. Constraints obtained for several interaction parameters within Higgs effective field theory are the strongest to date, offering insights into potential deviations from SM predictions.
description: 32 pages in total, author list starting page 15, 4 figures, 0 tables, published as Phys. Rev. Lett. 133 (2024) 101801. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HDBS-2021-18/
The Impact of Arabidopsis on Human Health: Diversifying Our Portfolio
Creators: name: Estelle, Mark
name: Nordborg, Magnus
name: Jones, Alan M.
name: Chory, Joanne
name: Jacobsen, Steven E.
name: Dangl, Jeffery L.
name: Weigel, Detlef
name: Meyerowitz, Elliot M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Studies of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana may seem to have little impact on advances in medical research, yet a survey of the scientific literature shows that this is a misconception. Many discoveries with direct relevance to human health and disease have been elaborated using Arabidopsis, and several processes important to human biology are more easily studied in this versatile model plant.
title: Pearls And Pitfalls In Hysterosalpingography: Getting The Most From A Classic Procedure
Creators: name: Lopez Maseda, Andoni
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Hysterosalpingography
subject: Obstetrics

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The main purpose is to sum up the whole hysterosalpingography (HSG) technique, its indications and contraindications, the different phases and common outcomes and findings. From then on, some cases will be presented in order to demonstrate the...
Concerted Loading of Mcm2–7 Double Hexamers around DNA during DNA Replication Origin Licensing
Creators: name: Remus, Dirk
name: Morris, Edward P.
name: Beuron, Fabienne
name: Tolun, Gökhan
name: Griffith, Jack D.
name: Diffley, John F.X.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The licensing of eukaryotic DNA replication origins, which ensures once per cell cycle replication, involves the loading of six related minichromosome maintenance proteins (Mcm2-7) into prereplicative complexes (pre-RCs). Mcm2-7 forms the core of the replicative DNA helicase, which is inactive in the pre-RC. The ATP-dependent Mcm2-7 loading reaction requires the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), Cdc6 and Cdt1. We have reconstituted Mcm2-7 loading with purified budding yeast proteins. Using biochemical approaches and electron microscopy, we show that single heptamers of Cdt1·Mcm2-7 are loaded cooperatively into stable, head-to-head Mcm2-7 double hexamers connected via N-terminal rings. DNA runs through a central channel in the double hexamer, and, once loaded, Mcm2-7 can slide passively along double-stranded DNA. Our work has significant implications for understanding how eukaryotic DNA replication origins are chosen and licensed, how replisomes assemble during initiation and how unwinding occurs during DNA replication.
title: Imaging approach in uncommon pelvic masses: what can we find?
Creators: name: Hernández García-Calvo, Ana María
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Pelvis
subject: Retroperitoneum
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: PACS
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education
subject: Cysts
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Describe the CT and MR imaging features of various uncommon solid and cystic pelvic...
title: Invasive carcinoma in accessory breast tissue: review of literature and our experience
Creators: name: Hammond Castro, Rowena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Biopsy
subject: Chemotherapy
subject: Surgery
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review clinical features and imaging findings of this unexpected presentation of invasive carcinoma in ectopic axillary breast tissue.To emphasize the importance of a complete breast ultrasound evaluation including the axilla and to acknowledge...
(401713) Alice Pondensan
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Singularities of Andreev spectrum in multi-terminal Josephson junction
Creators: name: Yokoyama, Tomohiro
name: Nazarov, Yuli V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energies of Andreev bound states (ABS) forming in a $N$-terminal junction are affected by $N - 1$ independent macroscopic phase differences between superconducting leads and can be regarded as energy bands in $N - 1$ periodic solid owing to the $2π$ periodicity in all phases. We investigate the singularities and peculiarities of the resulting ABS spectrum combining phenomenological and analytical methods and illustrating with the numerical results. We pay special attention on spin-orbit (SO) effects. We consider Weyl singularities with a conical spectrum that are situated at zero energy in the absence of SO interaction. We show that the SO interaction splits the spectrum in spin like a Zeeman field would do. The singularity is preserved while departed from zero energy. With SO interaction, points of zero-energy form an $N - 2$ dimensional manifold in $N - 1$ dimensional space of phases, while this dimension is $N - 3$ in the absence of SO interaction. The singularities of other type are situated near the superconducting gap edge. In the absence (presence) of SO interaction, the ABS spectrum at the gap edge is mathematically analogues to that at zero energy in the presence (absence) of SO interaction. We demonstrate that the gap edge touching (GET) points of the spectrum in principle form $N - 2$ ($N - 3$) dimensional manifold when the SO interaction is absent (present). Certain symmetry lines in the Brillouin zone of the phases are exceptional from this rule, and GET there should be considered separately. We derive and study the effective Hamiltonians for all the singularities under consideration.
description: 11 pages with 9 figures. Accepted in Phys. Rev. B
Matrix Crosslinking Forces Tumor Progression by Enhancing Integrin Signaling
Creators: name: Weninger, Wolfgang
name: Giaccia, Amato
name: Gasser, David L.
name: Fong, Sheri F.T.
name: Weaver, Valerie M.
name: Egeblad, Mikala
name: Csiszar, Katalin
name: Lakins, Johnathon N.
name: Levental, Kandice R.
name: Kass, Laura
name: Yu, Hongmei
name: Yamauchi, Mitsuo
name: Erler, Janine T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Tumors are characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and stiffening. The importance of ECM remodeling to cancer is appreciated; the relevance of stiffening is less clear. We found that breast tumorigenesis is accompanied by collagen crosslinking, ECM stiffening and increased focal adhesions. Inducing collagen crosslinking stiffened the ECM, promoted focal adhesions, enhanced PI3 Kinase (PI3K) activity, and induced the invasion of an oncogene-initiated epithelium. Inhibiting integrin signaling repressed the invasion of a premalignant epithelium into a stiffened, crosslinked ECM, and forced integrin clustering promoted focal adhesions, enhanced PI3K signaling and induced the invasion of a premalignant epithelium. Consistently, reducing lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen crosslinking prevented MMTV-Neu-induced fibrosis, decreased focal adhesions and PI3K activity, impeded malignancy and lowered tumor incidence. These data show how collagen crosslinking can modulate tissue fibrosis and stiffness to force focal adhesions, growth factor signaling and breast malignancy.
Protein Architecture of the Human Kinetochore Microtubule Attachment Site
Creators: name: Pierce, Heather L.
name: Wan, Xiaohu
name: Gall, Walt E.
name: Yen, Tim J.
name: O'Quinn, Ryan P.
name: DeLuca, Jennifer G.
name: Desai, Arshad
name: Stukenberg, P. Todd
name: Salmon, E. D.
name: Liu, Song Tao
name: Joglekar, Ajit P.
name: McEwen, Bruce F.
name: Carroll, Christopher W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Centromeric chromatin – spindle microtubule interactions mediated by kinetochores drive chromosome segregation. We have developed a two-color fluorescence light microscopy method that measures average label separation, Delta, at < 5 nm accuracy — to elucidate the protein architecture of human metaphase kinetochores. Delta analysis, when correlated with tension states of spindle-attached sister kinetochore pairs, provided information on mechanical properties of protein linkages within kinetochores. Treatment with taxol—which suppresses microtubule dynamics, eliminates tension at kinetochores, and activates the spindle checkpoint—resulted in specific large-scale changes in kinetochore architecture. Cumulatively, Delta analysis revealed compliant linkages close to the centromeric chromatin, suggests a model for how the KMN (KNL1/Mis12 complex/Ndc80 complex) network provides microtubule attachment and generates pulling forces from depolymerization, and reveals architectural changes induced by taxol treatment. The methods described here should also be applicable to other intermediate-scale biological machines in cells.
Rapid E2-E3 Assembly and Disassembly Enable Processive Ubiquitylation of Cullin-RING Ubiquitin Ligase Substrates
Creators: name: Saha, Anjanabha
name: Deshaies, Raymond J.
name: Lewis, Steven
name: Kleiger, Gary
name: Kuhlman, Brian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system requires assembly of a polyubiquitin chain upon substrate. However, the structural and mechanistic features that enable template-independent processive chain synthesis are unknown. We show that chain assembly by ubiquitin ligase SCF and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Cdc34 is facilitated by the unusual nature of Cdc34-SCF transactions: Cdc34 binds SCF with nanomolar affinity, nevertheless the complex is extremely dynamic. These properties are enabled by rapid association driven by electrostatic interactions between the acidic tail of Cdc34 and a basic ‘canyon’ in the Cul1 subunit of SCF. Ab initio docking between Cdc34 and Cul1 predicts intimate contact between the tail and the basic canyon, an arrangement confirmed by cross-linking and kinetic analysis of mutants. Basic canyon residues are conserved in both Cul1 paralogs and orthologs, suggesting that the same mechanism underlies processivity for all cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases. We discuss different strategies by which processive ubiquitin chain synthesis may be achieved.
(401717) Professor Knight
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Salient Structure Detection by Context-Guided Visual Search
Creators: name: Yang, Kai-Fu
name: Li, Hui
name: Li, Chao-Yi
name: Li, Yong-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We define the task of salient structure (SS) detection to unify the saliency-related tasks like fixation prediction, salient object detection, and other detection of structures of interest. In this study, we propose a unified framework for SS detection by modeling the two-pathway-based guided search strategy of biological vision. Firstly, context-based spatial prior (CBSP) is extracted based on the layout of edges in the given scene along a fast visual pathway, called non-selective pathway. This is a rough and non-selective estimation of the locations where the potential SSs present. Secondly, another flow of local feature extraction is executed in parallel along the selective pathway. Finally, Bayesian inference is used to integrate local cues guided by CBSP, and to predict the exact locations of SSs in the input scene. The proposed model is invariant to size and features of objects. Experimental results on four datasets (two fixation prediction datasets and two salient object datasets) demonstrate that our system achieves competitive performance for SS detection (i.e., both the tasks of fixation prediction and salient object detection) comparing to the state-of-the-art methods.
description: 13 pages, 15 figures
Self-similar Evaporation and Collapse in the Quantum Portrait of Black Holes
Creators: name: Foit, Valentino F.
name: Wintergerst, Nico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate Hawking evaporation in a recently suggested picture in which black holes are Bose condensates of gravitons at a quantum critical point. There, evaporation of a black hole is due to two intertwined effects. Coherent excitation of a tachyonic breathing mode is responsible for the collapse of the condensate, while incoherent scattering of gravitons leads to Hawking radiation. To explore this, we consider a toy model of a single bosonic degree of freedom with derivative self-interactions. We consider the real-time evolution of a condensate and derive evaporation laws for two possible decay mechanisms in the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. We show that semiclassical results can be reproduced if the decay is due to an effective two-body process, while the existence of a three-body channel would imply very short lifetimes for the condensate. In either case, we uncover the existence of scaling solutions in which the condensate is at a critical point throughout the collapse. In the case of a two-body decay we moreover discover solutions that exhibit the kind of instability that was recently conjectured to be responsible for fast scrambling.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Estimativa da produtividade do milho utilizando abordagens não paramétricas de inteligência artificial
Creators: name: Braga, Ricardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70103 Agricultural Production Systems Simulation
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences
subject: 70104 Agricultural Spatial Analysis and Modelling
subject: 70105 Agricultural Systems Analysis and Modelling

description: Recentemente, a agricultura evoluiu de forma profunda, pela incorporação denovas tecnologias que trouxeram mais informação ao agricultor, melhorando o processoda tomada de decisão. Contudo, torna-se difícil a um agricultor gerir tanta quantidade deinformação. Para além disso, o mercado compele-o a produzir mais, a custo mais baixo ecom menos impacto ambiental. Desta forma, insta a investigação de sistemas inovadoresde suporte à tomada de decisão, capazes de melhorar o processo de tomada de decisão.Para este efeito, existem algoritmos de inteligência artificial que podem ser fomentadosno setor agrícola. Estes, com a sua capacidade de “aprendizagem”, poderão auxiliar osprodutores a atuarem de acordo com os dados disponíveis. Desta forma, recorreram-se aalgoritmos para investigar a produtividade do milho, utilizando dados dos anos 2016 a2019 da exploração “Quinta da Cholda”, situada na Azinhaga. Compilaram-se variáveisem 4 grupos: gestão, pedológicas, climáticas e deteção remota, para descobrir as maisimportantes para a produtividade. Utilizou-se o programa “Orange Data Mining”, quecontém os algoritmos mencionados e outros complementos. E procedeu-se à seleção de10 variáveis para cada grupo, tendo o algoritmo AdaBoost obtido os melhores resultados,com um R2 de 0,71 após calibração.No futuro, serão necessários mais dados para o desenvolvimento de um modelomelhor, mas as expectativas são elevadas já que num caso conseguiu-se obter umaprevisão com um desvio médio de apenas 0,770 t ha-1.
Expression of traits in cowpea as revealed by cluster analysis
Creators: name: Ajayi, Abiola Toyin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014

description: In plant improvement programs, knowledge of germplasm diversity and genetic relationships among breeding materials cannot be over emphasized. Cluster analysis has been an important multivariate statistical tool used by many researchers for diversity studies; it has been found effective, irrespective of the data set involved in the study. The genetic variability among 10 genotypes of cowpea was assessed based on the expression of the quantitative and qualitative traits. Quantitative traits revealed a dendrogram which grouped genotypes into two major clusters, A and B, with cluster A having two (2) sub clusters (1 and 2). Cluster B had no sub-cluster. Sub-cluster 1 of A had one (1) genotype while sub-cluster 2 of A had only five (5) genotypes. Cluster B had four (4) genotypes. Qualitative traits revealed a dendrogram which also grouped genotypes into two major clusters (A and B). Cluster A had two sub-clusters (1 and 2); with sub-cluster 1 having two (2) genotypes, sub-cluster 2 having five (5) genotypes. Cluster B had only three (3) genotypes. All quantitative traits had very high level of contribution to the total variability observed among the genotypes, making these characters important for discriminating among genotypes of cowpea. Moreover, for any breeding work to be successful in cowpea, these characters must be considered. The level of variations showed by qualitative traits was very high, as ten traits out of thirteen studied were able to discriminate effectively among the genotypes studied, while the level of similarity for phenotypic expressions among the rest of the traits was very high. This study identified genotypes TVu3, TVu5, TVu4 and TVu7 for further genetic studies based on high number of seeds per plant. Furthermore, the choice of cluster analysis as a tool for this work proved to be a wise decision, as dendrograms were able to reveal similarities and differences among the tested genotypes.
The F-BAR Domain of srGAP2 Induces Membrane Protrusions Required for Neuronal Migration and Morphogenesis
Creators: name: Coutinho-Budd, Jaeda
name: Sassa, Takayuki
name: Polleux, Franck
name: Jordan, Nicole Vincent
name: Frost, Adam
name: Chen, Keng
name: Guerrier, Sabrice
name: Jin, Wei Lin
name: Gresset, Aurélie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: During brain development, proper neuronal migration and morphogenesis is critical for the establishment of functional neural circuits. Here we report that srGAP2 negatively regulates neuronal migration and induces neurite outgrowth and branching through the ability of its F-BAR domain to induce filopodia-like membrane protrusions resembling those induced by I-BAR domains in vivo and in vitro. Previous work has suggested that in non-neuronal cells, filopodia dynamics decreases the rate of cell migration and the persistence of leading edge protrusions. srGAP2 knockdown reduces leading process branching and increases the rate of neuronal migration in vivo. Overexpression of srGAP2 or its F-BAR domain has the opposite effects, increasing leading process branching and decreasing migration. These results (1) suggest that F-BAR domains are functionally diverse and (2) highlight the functional importance of proteins directly regulating membrane deformation for proper neuronal migration and morphogenesis.
Scintillating low-temperature calorimeters for direct dark matter search
Creators: name: Kaznacheeva, Margarita
name: Schäffner, Karoline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lack of an unambiguous signal for thermally produced dark matter particles in direct detection, indirect detection, and collider searches calls for broadening the search strategies by probing a wider range of dark matter masses with different detection techniques. One of the most common approaches is to search for nuclear recoils induced by dark matter particles scattering off the target material's nuclei. Low-temperature detectors have proven to provide the required performance to probe dark matter masses from 100 MeV/c$^2$ to 100 GeV/c$^2$ via this channel. Using scintillation light as an ancillary channel is a powerful tool for particle identification and background suppression at the keV-recoil energy scale. The CRESST-III experiment, employing scintillating cryogenic detectors with highly sensitive transition edge sensors and multi-target absorber crystals, achieved unprecedented sensitivities to explore sub-GeV dark matter masses. COSINUS, instead, is a new experiment exploiting the phonon-light technique using sodium iodide crystals with the scope to clarify the long-lasting dark matter claim of the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration. This article reviews the principle of scintillating low-temperature calorimeters with emphasis on the benefits and challenges of this technique for direct dark matter searches in light of the current status and future developments.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures; updated version of Fig. 4, corrected typos. Published in Journal of Advanced Instrumentation in Science
(401710) George Brown
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Ultrasound evaluation of acute abdominal emergencies in infants and children
Creators: name: ben abdeladhim, yasmine
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Emergency
subject: Paediatric
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Education
subject: Abscess
subject: Acute
subject: Infection

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The aim of this presentation is to recognize different abdominal emergencies in their common or unusual forms using ultra sonography and also to classify abdominal emergencies by age range excluding neonatal...