cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Program slicing for reliability and runahead in high level synthesis
Creators: name: Fleming, Shane
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: High-Level Synthesis (HLS) tools enable an FPGA circuit developer to trade performance for productivity by mapping a high-level circuit description into hardware. However, current HLS tools have limited support for fault-tolerance and memory management. This thesis addresses these issues by using a known software technique called program slicing to construct HLS optimisation passes. These optimisation passes use program slicing to create “slice circuits” that help the primary circuit at runtime. There are three main contributions in this thesis SliceUp, RELISH, and StitchUp. SliceUp is an API that can be used to create program slicing based HLS optimisation passes. The second is RELISH, an open source HLS optimisation pass that constructs an application specific prefetcher that can hide memory latency no matter how irregular the application’s access pattern. Both a theoretical and experimental analysis is performed on RELISH, showing that speedup is bounded between 1x – 2x and with experimental results in the range 1.02x – 1.69x. Finally, StitchUp is an open source HLS optimisation pass that builds a checker circuit that ensures the correct path is taken through the original circuit in the presence of soft-errors. This saves area over traditional approaches and reduces the number of false positives required for detection.
A bench to bedside investigation into defective innate immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Batista, Craig
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by inflammation that is unresponsive to corticosteroids. Innate immunity appears to be defective and may contribute to this inflammatory pathophysiology. This is exemplified by upregulated inflammatory mediators and ineffective bacterial phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages (AM). This thesis compares phagocytosis by macrophages from non-smokers, smokers and COPD patients. The mechanisms underpinning defective bacterial phagocytosis are investigated and the potential anti-inflammatory effects of novel immunomodulatory compounds explored. Correlations were observed between the phagocytosis of paired AM and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from COPD patients and controls. MDM were therefore adopted as a model. Defective bacterial phagocytosis was confirmed in MDM, relative to non-smoking controls and when using H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae. The magnitude of this defect did not correlate with FEV1, symptom-burden or exacerbation frequency, but defective bacterial phagocytosis was associated with less stable microtubule polymers. Solithromycin is a novel macrolide antibiotic with immunomodulatory properties and a low potential for microbial resistance. Although it was unable to augment defective bacterial phagocytosis, it did inhibit LPS-stimulated TNF-α release by MDM. This property was shared by several analogues, some of which were inactive against common respiratory pathogens (i.e. pure immunomodulators). The anti-inflammatory effects of oral solithromycin were therefore studied in vivo, during a randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. To aid this investigation, a novel sampling technique was first developed, using synthetic absorptive matrix to sample the nasal epithelial lining fluid as a less invasive surrogate measure of bronchial inflammation. However, treatment with 400 mg of solithromycin for 28 days proved hepatotoxic in COPD and the trial was terminated early. Bacterial phagocytosis is defective in COPD. It might arise from unstable microtubule polymers and permit colonisation with pathogenic bacteria. It therefore represents a novel antiinflammatory target. Although solithromycin is immunomodulatory, its therapeutic application is limited in COPD by hepatotoxicity.
Newton Polygons Arising for Special Families of Cyclic Covers of the Projective Line
Creators: name: Li, Wanlin
name: Mantovan, Elena
name: Pries, Rachel
name: Tang, Yunqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10: primary 11G18, 11G20, 11M38, 14G10, 14G35, secondary 11G10, 14H10, 14H30, 14H40, 14K22

description: By a result of Moonen, there are exactly 20 positive-dimensional families of cyclic covers of the projective line for which the Torelli image is open and dense in the associated Shimura variety. For each of these, we compute the Newton polygons, and the $μ$-ordinary Ekedahl--Oort type, occurring in the characteristic $p$ reduction of the Shimura variety. We prove that all but a few of the Newton polygons appear on the open Torelli locus. As an application, we produce multiple new examples of Newton polygons and Ekedahl--Oort types of Jacobians of smooth curves in characteristic $p$. Under certain congruence conditions on $p$, these include: the supersingular Newton polygon for genus $5,6,7$; fourteen new non-supersingular Newton polygons for genus $5-7$; eleven new Ekedahl--Oort types for genus $4-7$ and, for all $g \geq 6$, the Newton polygon with $p$-rank $g-6$ with slopes $1/6$ and $5/6$.
description: This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article will appear in Research in Number Theory. The final authenticated version will be available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40993-018-0149-3
Galactic Globular Cluster Stars: from Theory to Observation
Creators: name: Cassisi, S.
name: Castellani, V.
name: Degl'Innocenti, S.
name: Salaris, M.
name: Weiss, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use evolutionary calculations presented in a recent paper (Cassisi et al. 1998) to predict B,V,I magnitudes for stars in galactic globulars. The effect of the adopted mixing length on stellar magnitudes and colors is discussed, showing that the uncertainty on such a theoretical parameter prevents the use of MS stars as bona fide theoretical standard candles. However, comparison with Hipparcos data for field subdwarfs discloses a substantial agreement between theory and observation. Present predictions concerning the magnitude of TO and of HB stars are compared with similar results appeared in the recent literature. We present and discuss a theoretical calibration of the difference in magnitude between HB and TO as evaluated with or without element sedimentation. Finally we use theoretical HB magnitudes to best fit the CM diagram of M68 and M5, taken as representative of metal poor and intermediate metallicity galactic globulars, deriving an age of 11$\pm$1.0 Gyr and 10$\pm$1.0 Gyr, respectively, for the adopted chemical compositions, plus an additional uncertainty of $\pm$1.4 Gyr if the uncertainty on the chemical composition is taken into account. This result is discussed on the basis of current evaluations concerning cluster ages and distance moduli.
description: 8 pages, 13 postscript figures, 6 postscript tables To be published on Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series
Columba macroura Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Columbiformes
Columbidae
Columba
Columba macroura

description: Columba macroura [spec. nov.]
C. cauda cuneiformi longa, pectore purpurascente.
Columba macroura. Edw. av. 15. t. 15.
Palumbus migratorius. Catesb. car. 1. p. 23. t. 23.
Habitat in Canada; bybernat in Carolina.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 164, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
A data-driven uncertainty quantification method for scarce data and rare events
Creators: name: Ahlfeld, Richard Benedikt Heinrich
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The efficient integration of manufacturing, experimental or operational data into physical simulations using uncertainty quantification techniques is becoming increasingly important for the engineering industry. There is a genuine interest to use uncertainty quantification methods to improve product efficiency, reliability, and safety. However, temporary methods still have various limitations, which have prevented a wider industrial application. This thesis analyses existing problems in industry and contributes new solutions in five areas: data scarcity, the curse of dimensionality, rare events, discontinuous models and epistemic model-form uncertainty. The major novelty of this work is a new data-driven Polynomial Chaos framework called SAMBA that can be used to improve engineering designs by accounting for uncertainties in simulations more efficiently and accurately. SAMBA provides a single solution to many industrial problems. It is particularly useful for applications where only scarce statistical data is available and to efficiently quantify the likelihood of rare events with disastrous consequences, the so-called Black Swan. Other benefits are the simple reconstruction of adaptive and anisotropic sparse grid quadrature rules to alleviate the curse of dimensionality, a simpler combination of arbitrary distributions and random data within a single method, and higher accuracy for data sets that do not follow a definable distribution. To deal with special cases, two extensions have been added to SAMBA's framework: first, a modification that allows the use of arbitrary points within Pad\'e approximations for models containing discontinuities and second, a general multi-fidelity framework to counteract model-form uncertainty in simulations. The thesis concludes with the application of SAMBA to various state-of-the-art models in Formula 1, turbomachinery, and space flight (one example analyses structural dynamics uncertainty of NASA's Space Launch System). Particularly innovative are two applications: one showing how to account for Black Swans in gas turbine simulations and one how to deal with scarce data in Formula 1.
Design and optimization of wireless information and power transfer networks
Creators: name: Binti Zawawi, Zati Bayani
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Energy harvesting from the Radio Frequency (RF) has been identified as one of the solution to alleviate the power constraint in wireless device. RF can carry both information and power. In recent years, the studies of Wireless Information and Power Transfer (WIPT) has attracted significant interest among researchers. WIPT has appeared in multiple forms such as simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), wireless powered communication and wireless powered backscatter communication. First, we analysed the trade-off between harvested energy and communication reliability in SWIPT in a K-user Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) interference channel. When the transmitters are non-cooperative, it was found that the necessary condition for the optimal transmission strategy at high SNR is for each energy transmitter to transmit its signal on a single subcarrier. Based on one-subcarrier selection method at the energy transmitter, an iterative algorithm has been proposed to optimize the power allocation at all transmitters. Moreover, with a low-rate feedback from the information transmitters to the energy transmitters and with full cooperation among the transmitters respectively, the transmission strategy maximizing the trade-off region has been proposed. Secondly, we analysed the coordinated waveform design in SWIPT. The waveform was designed by taking into account the the non-linearity of the rectifier. The trade-off between harvested energy and achievable rate was investigated. It was found that deterministic waveform has a better RF-DC efficiency and results in enlarged trade-off region compared to the modulated waveform. Accordingly, the superposition of modulated and deterministic waveform at the information transmitter was proposed. Another observation was that by accounting for the non-linearity of the rectifier, it increases the resource efficiency that leads to a larger trade-off region than those obtained by ignoring the non-linearity of the rectifier. Finally, backscatter communication has emerged to be a promising technology for power limited devices. In this thesis, we analysed the trade-off between harvested energy and reliability of backscatter communication for wireless powered backscatter system. It was found that the performance of wireless powered backscatter is subject to a trade-off between harvested energy and SINR. The result highlights the importance of addressing the non-linearity of the diode for wireless powered backscatter system.
Focal Visual-Text Attention for Visual Question Answering
Creators: name: Liang, Junwei
name: Jiang, Lu
name: Cao, Liangliang
name: Li, Li-Jia
name: Hauptmann, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent insights on language and vision with neural networks have been successfully applied to simple single-image visual question answering. However, to tackle real-life question answering problems on multimedia collections such as personal photos, we have to look at whole collections with sequences of photos or videos. When answering questions from a large collection, a natural problem is to identify snippets to support the answer. In this paper, we describe a novel neural network called Focal Visual-Text Attention network (FVTA) for collective reasoning in visual question answering, where both visual and text sequence information such as images and text metadata are presented. FVTA introduces an end-to-end approach that makes use of a hierarchical process to dynamically determine what media and what time to focus on in the sequential data to answer the question. FVTA can not only answer the questions well but also provides the justifications which the system results are based upon to get the answers. FVTA achieves state-of-the-art performance on the MemexQA dataset and competitive results on the MovieQA dataset.
description: In CVPR 2018. Code, models and dataset are available here: https://memexqa.cs.cmu.edu/
Vanishing geodesic distance for right-invariant Sobolev metrics on diffeomorphism groups
Creators: name: Jerrard, Robert L.
name: Maor, Cy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58B20, 58D05

description: We study the geodesic distance induced by right-invariant metrics on the group $\operatorname{Diff}_\text{c}(M)$ of compactly supported diffeomorphisms, for various Sobolev norms $W^{s,p}$. Our main result is that the geodesic distance vanishes identically on every connected component whenever $s n/p$ or $s \ge 1$, the geodesic distance is always positive. In particular, when $n\ge 2$, the geodesic distance vanishes if and only if $s<1$ in the Riemannian case $p=2$, contrary to a conjecture made in Bauer et al. [BBHM13].
description: Version 2: some changes in presentation of the paper, no mathematical changes. Now includes a link to some related videos in http://www.math.toronto.edu/rjerrard/geo_dist_diffeo/vanishing.html
MOESM2 of Spatial analyzes of HLA data in Rio Grande do Sul, south Brazil: genetic structure and possible correlation with autoimmune diseases
Creators: name: Boquett, Juliano
name: Zagonel-Oliveira, Marcelo
name: Jobim, Luis
name: Jobim, Mariana
name: Luiz Gonzaga
name: Veronez, Maurício
name: Fagundes, Nelson
name: Schüler-Faccini, Lavínia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Allelic frequencies, genetic diversity and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.
An atom interferometer for measuring horizontal accelerations
Creators: name: Stammers, Jimmy
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Matter-wave interferometry has enabled high precision measurements of inertial forces such as gravity and the Coriolis force. This is facilitated by the long-term stability of the physical properties of atoms and lasers. Recent experiments have demonstrated the operation of portable, robust sensors using atom interferometry. This has potential uses in the context of inertial navigation, where conventional devices suffer from long-term drifts due to bias instability. Furthermore, determining position via dead reckoning requires minimisation of dead time between measurements. This thesis presents the development of an atom interferometer for measuring horizontal accelerations. In this configuration, gravity induces motion across the laser wavefront, which constrains the tolerable level of wavefront distortions. Effective control of the experiment allows the interferometer to be operated at a rate of 4 Hz. A cold ensemble of 10^6 atoms in the same internal state is prepared in 150 ms. The interferometer operates using a sequence of three laser pulses separated by T= 25 ms to achieve sensitivity to horizontal accelerations. Combining this with a classical accelerometer provides a method of correcting for vibration-induced noise, as well as determining the interferometer fringe order. After an integration time of 40 s, the sensitivity to horizontal accelerations is better than 3^-6 m s^-2. Effects which limit this sensitivity are discussed.
Investigation of the role of protein kinase D in human rhinovirus replication
Creators: name: Guedan Paredes, Ana Isabel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Viral respiratory tract infections are the major cause of asthma and COPD exacerbations and represent a significant healthcare burden. Although several viruses are responsible, the most frequent pathogen involved in exacerbations is rhinovirus (RV). Currently there are no vaccines or chemotherapy treatments available and efforts to develop anti-virals that target viral proteins have not succeeded due partly to the high ability of RV to mutate. In the last few years, anti-viral drug development strategies have focused on host proteins involved in viral replication. However, so far, this approach has also failed to succeed due to toxicity issues. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to identify novel drug targets for the treatment of RV infections, which might potentially be used to treat asthma and COPD exacerbations. RV replicates on the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi membranes and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III β (PI4KB) and oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) are two host proteins needed by the virus early in the replication cycle. These host targets have been the focus of anti-viral drug development in recent years. The DAG-activated kinase, protein kinase D (PKD), among many other functions in the cell, is involved in Golgi vesicle fission and transport at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) where it also regulates the activity of PI4KB, OSBP and ceramide transfer protein (CERT). Therefore, I hypothesised that PKD might be involved in viral replication due to its known interactions with previously identified host factors required by the virus. To investigate the role of PKD, I have used overexpression of PKD1 mutants, PKD knockout cells and PKD chemical inhibitors in in vitro epithelial cell models of viral infection. Furthermore, novel and more potent PKD inhibitors were made and tested in vitro. As host lipid metabolism appears to be key for viral replication, a lipidomics study through a time course of RV infection was performed and pointed to lipid enzymes involved in DAG-related pathways as novel anti-viral targets. The anti-viral effect of inhibiting these targets was tested in an in vitro model of human bronchial epithelial cell infection. I have also identified an unexpected role for PKD in the type I interferon (IFN) signalling pathway, which was studied in the context of viral infection and following recombinant IFN-β stimulation. This novel observation has important implications for the potential to use PKD inhibitors therapeutically. These findings support the involvement of PKD in RV replication and its potential as an anti-viral target, and on the other hand, a role for PKD in the type I IFN signalling pathway. Furthermore, a number of new host anti-viral targets have been discovered by the lipidomics study.
Polarization of radio cores as a test of the unified schemes
Creators: name: Saikia, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the unified schemes for extragalactic radio sources, the quasars and BL Lac objects are intrinsically similar to the Fanaroff-Riley class II and I radio galaxies respectively, but appear to be different because they are viewed at different angles to the line-of-sight. The quasars and BL Lac objects are observed at small viewing angles while the radio galaxies lie close to the plane of the sky. In such schemes, the quasar or BL Lac nucleus is hidden from our view by a putative torus when the source is inclined at a large angle to the line-of-sight and appears as a radio galaxy. Such a scenario should also affect the observed polarization properties of the cores, with the cores in the radio galaxies and weak-cored quasars being less polarized than the core-dominated quasars and BL Lacs due to Faraday depolarization by the magnetoionic medium in the obscuring torus or disk. In this paper, we report that the core polarization of radio galaxies and weak-cored quasars is indeed much smaller than for the core-dominated quasars and BL Lacs. We suggest that this is due to the depolarization caused by the obscuring torus or disk, providing further evidence in favour of the unified schemes.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Adiabatic passage through chaos
Creators: name: Dey, Amit
name: Cohen, Doron
name: Vardi, Amichay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the process of nonlinear stimulated Raman adiabatic passage within a classical mean-fieldframework. Depending on the sign of interaction, the breakdown of adiabaticity in the interactingnonintegrable system is not related to bifurcations in the energy landscape, but rather to the emergence ofquasistochastic motion that drains the followed quasistationary state. Consequently, faster sweep rate,rather than quasistatic variation of parameters, is better for adiabaticity
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, supplementary materials with 4 additional figures
The warm interstellar medium around the Cygnus Loop
Creators: name: Bohigas, J.
name: Sauvageot, J. L.
name: Decourchelle, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of the oxygen lines [OII]3729 and [OIII]5007 in the medium immediately beyond the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant were carried out with the scanning Fabry-Pérot spectrophotometer ESOP. Both lines were detected in three different directions - east, northeast and southwest - and up to a distance of 15 pc from the shock front. The ionized medium is in the immediate vicinity of the remnant, as evinced by the smooth brightening of both lines as the adiabatic shock transition (defined by the X-ray perimeter) is crossed. These lines are usually brighter around the Cygnus Loop than in the general background in directions where the galactic latitude is above 5 degrees. There is also marginal (but significant) evidence that the degree of ionization is somewhat larger around the Cygnus Loop. We conclude that the energy necessary to ionize this large bubble of gas could have been supplied by an O8 or O9 type progenitor or the particles heated by the expanding shock front. The second possibility, though highly atractive, would have to be assessed by extensive modelling.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, ApJ 512 in press
Additional file 1: of Accuracy of F-18 FDG PET/CT with optimal cut-offs of maximum standardized uptake value according to size for diagnosis of regional lymph node metastasis in patients with rectal cancer
Creators: name: Bae, Sung
name: Won, Kyoung
name: Bong-Il Song
name: Jeong, Woon
name: Baek, Seong
name: Kim, Hae
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Comparison of diagnostic values between PET/CT using the optimized cut-off values and the fixed cut-off value of 2.5 in patients with early (T1â 2) and advanced (T3â 4) T stages. (DOCX 19 kb)
Supplementary file 1- the English version of NACQ.pdf
Creators: name: Huang, Fansu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Diseases
subject: 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The English version of the Advanced Carbohydrate Counting Knowledge Questionnaire for type 1 diabetes.
A Deep Survey of HI-Selected Galaxies: The Sample and the Data
Creators: name: Spitzak, John G.
name: Schneider, Stephen E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a 21 cm neutral hydrogen survey of approximately 55 sq deg out to a redshift of cz=8340 km/s, we have identified 75 extragalactic HI sources. These objects comprise a well-defined sample of extragalactic sources chosen by means that are independent of optical surface brightness selection effects. In this paper we describe the Arecibo survey procedures and HI data, follow-up VLA HI observations made of several unusual sources, and Kitt Peak B-, R-, and I-band photometry for nearly all of the galaxies. We have also gathered information for some of the optically detected galaxies within the same search volume. We examine how samples generated by different types of search techniques overlap with selection by HI flux. Only the least massive HI object, which is among the lowest mass HI sources previously found, does not have a clear optical counterpart, but a nearby bright star may hide low surface brightness emission. However the newly-detected systems do have unusual optical properties. Most of the 40 galaxies that were not previously identified in magnitude-limited catalogs appear to be gas-dominated systems, and several of these systems have HI mass-to-light ratios among the largest values ever previously found. These gas-dominated objects also tend to have very blue colors, low surface brightnesses, and no central bulges, which correlate strongly with their relative star-to-gas content.
description: 48 pages, 10 figures, Figure 3 included as 3 separate JPG images. To appear in Ap J Supplements
Phase 1 clinical trial evaluating safety, bioavailability, and gut microbiome with a combination of curcumin and ursolic acid in lipid enhanced capsules
Creators: name: Liss, Michael Andre
name: 0000-0001-6978-1026
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ursolic acid
Curcumin
Phytonutrient
Natural product
Prostate cancer
Bioavailability
Lipid enhancement

description: A natural product library screen identified a synergistic combination of curcumin and ursolic acid as a nutraceutical option for treating prostate cancer. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo testing showed substantial promise in the combination which deemed it ready for human translation. However, poor bioavailability has prevented this combination from impacting cancer therapy. A novel formulation for ursolic acid and curcumin was developed by (1) attempting to increase dissolution rates with a reduced particle size and (2) enhancing solubility with lipid-based formulations. A hot-melt rotating disk process prepared the active compounds in the lipid-based microsphere formulations. The formulations were then optimized based on both solubility and process yield with available excipients. Our target was 1200mg/day of curcumin and 300mg/day of ursolic acid. A phase 1 clinical trial design was performed by sequentially enrolling three groups (curcumin, ursolic acid, and combination). Healthy patients were recruited without a history of prostate cancer. Blood was collected for bioavailability measurements and rectal swabs for gut microbiome analysis at baseline, 6 hours, 24 hours, and two weeks post supplementation intake. The primary outcome was safety using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v.4.03). Mass spectroscopy measured the bioavailability of the active parent compounds in blood. Lastly, we used 16s V1-2/3-4 RNA sequencing to measure the effects on the human gut microbiome. The results indicate that lipid-enhanced ursolic acid and curcumin are safe and well-tolerated. However, renal function was identified as a laboratory value that should be monitored with future studies evaluating this combination. Curcumin improved the bioavailability of ursolic acid when given in combination. The presence of ursolic acid did not appear to alter blood levels of curcumin or its metabolites. Thus, a potential mechanism for synergistic effects of the combination may involve increased bioavailability of ursolic acid. The combination also altered the microbiome favoring the production of the B vitamin biotin, a cofactor in immune regulation and a feature associated with lower prostate cancer risk. In conclusion, a combination of ursolic acid and curcumin is safe and should be evaluated in Phase II clinical trials for possible treatment of prostate cancer.
Development and implementation of inelastic material models for use in FEMDEM numerical methods with applications
Creators: name: Karantzoulis, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The combined Finite–Discrete Element Method (FEMDEM) is one of the most versatile numerical frameworks for the mechanical analysis of multi-body industrial applications. Currently, the inclusion of only elastic and brittle material models limits the problems that can be realistically simulated. This new work focuses on expanding the capabilities of existing FEMDEM codes in order to include inelastic material models successfully. After describing and implementing the appropriate theoretical and numerical framework for elasto-plasticity, a thorough numerical verification analysis is presented. Test cases, varying from simple one-dimensional quasi-static problems through to fully three-dimensional impact analysis, are explored to illustrate the stability, accuracy and robustness of the inelastic behaviour implemented. The extension of this plasticity implementation to finite deformations is then discussed. The ability of the extended simulation tool to capture large strain non-linear phenomena is then numerically demonstrated with the successful analysis of two benchmark problems: (a) the high-speed impact of a copper rod against a wall; (b) the unconfined uniaxial compression of a cylinder with Mohr-Coulomb plasticity. To explore the potential range of the new model, a complete case study to simulate concrete crushing behaviour during an impact test is performed. A simple experimental setup is designed to investigate steel-to-concrete inelastic collisions focusing on the energy losses via the coefficient of restitution. The processed experimental results, combined with concrete-characterisation tests are used to calibrate a two-parameter Mohr-Coulomb material model via parametric numerical analysis. In order to overcome current limitations, a generalised piece-wise Drucker-Prager plasticity model to accommodate non-linear material plasticity behaviour is developed and corresponding return-mapping equations are discussed in detail. The foregoing extension to large strain plasticity of the in-house FEMDEM multi-body simulator, Solidity, is discussed in a more general context by reviewing recent FEMDEM development and application research being undertaken at Imperial College. Finally, this work is put into the overall context of the multi-physics research plans by providing preliminary analysis results for two industrial applications: (a) concrete armour units impacts, (b) powder compaction.
Additional file 1: of Monitoring of sedation depth in intensive care unit by therapeutic drug monitoring? A prospective observation study of medical intensive care patients
Creators: name: Nies, Richard
name: MĂźller, Carsten
name: Pfister, Roman
name: Binder, Philipp
name: Nosseir, Nicole
name: Nettersheim, Felix
name: Kuhr, Kathrin
name: Wiesen, Martin
name: Kochanek, Matthias
name: Michels, Guido
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale [7]. (PDF 50 kb)
A Polarization Study of Radio Galaxies and Quasars selected from the Molonglo Complete Sample
Creators: name: Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
name: Saikia, D. J.
name: Kapahi, V. K.
name: McCarthy, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present total-intensity and linear-polarization observations made with the Very Large Array at $λ$20 and 6 cm of a representative sample of 42 radio galaxies and quasars selected from the Molonglo Complete Sample. The sources have been chosen to be of large size to probe the depolarizing medium on these scales using our present data and later with observations at lower frequencies with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. The $λ$20 and 6 cm data are of similar resolutions and show that depolarization between these two wavelengths is seen largely in only those lobes which are within about 300 kpc of the parent galaxy. Examination of the depolarization of the lobes with arm-length asymmetry shows that depolarization is observed predominantly for the lobe which is closer to the nucleus. There is also a trend for the lobe closer to the nucleus to be brighter, consistent with the scenario that the nearer lobe is interacting with a denser environment which is responsible for the higher depolarization and greater dissipation of energy. We have also examined the depolarization asymmetry of the lobes on opposite sides of the nucleus for galaxies and quasars. This shows that the depolarization asymmetry for quasars is marginally higher than that for galaxies. The depolarization properties of our sample are possibly determined by an asymmetric environment as well as the effects of orientation.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, appeared in MNRAS
Mass and shape of the Milky Way's dark matter halo with globular clusters from Gaia and Hubble
Creators: name: Posti, Lorenzo
name: Helmi, Amina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the mass of the inner ($<20$ kpc) Milky Way and the axis ratio of its dark matter halo using globular clusters as tracers. At the same time, we constrain the phase-space distribution of the globular cluster system. We use the Gaia DR2 catalogue of 75 globular clusters' proper motions and recent measurements of the proper motions of another 20 distant clusters obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. We describe the globular cluster system with a 2-component distribution function (DF), with a flat, rotating disc and a rounder, more extended halo. While fixing the Milky Way's disc and bulge, we let the mass and shape of the dark matter halo and we fit these two parameters, together with other six describing the DF, with a Bayesian method. We find the mass of the Galaxy within 20 kpc to be $M(<20{\,\rm kpc})=1.91^{+0.18}_{-0.17} \times 10^{11} M_\odot$, of which $M_{\rm DM}(<20{\,\rm kpc})=1.37^{+0.18}_{-0.17}\times 10^{11}M_\odot$ is in dark matter, and the density axis ratio of the dark matter halo to be $q=1.30 \pm 0.25$. This implies a virial mass $M_{\rm via} = 1.3 \pm 0.3 \times 10^{12} M_\odot$. Our analysis rules out oblate ($q<0.8$) and strongly prolate halos ($q>1.9$) with 99\% probability. Our preferred model reproduces well the observed phase-space distribution of globular clusters and has a disc component that closely resembles that of the Galactic thick disc. The halo component follows a power-law density profile $ρ\propto r^{-3.3}$, has a mean rotational velocity of $V_{\rm rot}\simeq -14\,\rm km\,s^{-1}$ at 20 kpc, and has a mildly radially biased velocity distribution ($β\simeq 0.2 \pm 0.07$, fairly constant outside 15 kpc). We also find that our distinction between disc and halo clusters resembles, although not fully, the observed distinction in metal-rich ([Fe/H]$>-0.8$) and metal-poor ([Fe/H]$\leq-0.8$) cluster populations.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Data and Pre-Trained Models from "Inter Extreme Points Geodesics for End-to-End Weakly Supervised Image Segmentation"
Creators: name: Dorent, Reuben
name: Joutard, Samuel
name: Shapey, Jonathan
name: Kujawa, Aaron
name: Modat, Marc
name: Ourselin, Sebastien
name: Vercauteren, Tom
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: InExtremIS
Weakly supervised
Medical Image Segmentation

description: Data and pre-trained models from InExtremIS: Dorent, et al: ""Inter Extreme Points Geodesics for End-to-End Weakly Supervised Image Segmentation". MICCAI (2021)

 Description of the data: full_annotations.zip: Manual segmentations performed in consensus by the treating neurosurgeon and physicist. extreme_points.zip: Manual extreme points performed by a biomedical engineer and simulated extreme points generated using the manual segmentations precomputed_geodesics.zip: Pre-computed geodesics using either the image gradient information only or the image gradient information and the Euclidean distance. models.zip: contains the pre-trained models used in the experiments.
Carnet nº 4, commencé à Novorossiïsk (p. 78)
Creators: name: Péraire, Lucien
name: CNRS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: created: 8-6-1929
Computational modelling of hypersonic propulsion intakes at off-design conditions
Creators: name: Halls-Moore, Michael Louis
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2009

description: Hypersonic airbreathing propulsion is soon to become a viable means of transportation and hence determination of engine efficiency at varying flow conditions is important. This report contains the summary of literature surveyed on hypersonic airbreathing propulsion and intake design. An overview of ramjet/scramjets and flow factors that affect their efficiency were studied. A 2D planar intake was studied to generate Mach reflections via a shock-expansion interaction. The Mach reflection geometry was predicted with a slipstream profiler and an algebraic model, which was compared to finite volume based CFD code. An axisymmetric intake with a similar configuration to the planar intake was used to generate shock-expansion interactions. A Method of Characteristics code was written to predict the Von Neumann and Detachment Criteria for the transition between regular and Mach reflections. CFD was used to confirm the existence of a shock reflection transition hysteresis in a traverse of this dual solution domain. An increase in the freestream Mach number and initial flow angle for the planar intakes led to a complex subsonic/supersonic flowfield involving multiple shock reflections and interactions, known as a Type 3 Mach reflection. A temporal analysis was carried out to provide insight into the development of the Type 3 case using CFD. The initial flow angle was increased sequentially to assess the affect on the flowfield topology.
Parameterized algorithms and data reduction for the short secluded $s$-$t$-path problem
Creators: name: van Bevern, René
name: Fluschnik, Till
name: Tsidulko, Oxana Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2; G.2.2; G.2.1
subject: 05C85

description: Given a graph $G=(V,E)$, two vertices $s,t\in V$, and two integers $k,\ell$, the Short Secluded Path problem is to find a simple $s$-$t$-path with at most $k$ vertices and $\ell$ neighbors. We study the parameterized complexity of the problem with respect to four structural graph parameters: the vertex cover number, treewidth, feedback vertex number, and feedback edge number. In particular, we completely settle the question of the existence of problem kernels with size polynomial in these parameters and their combinations with $k$ and $\ell$. We also obtain a $2^{O(w)}\cdot \ell^2\cdot n$-time algorithm for graphs of treewidth $w$, which yields subexponential-time algorithms in several graph classes.
Optimising the process of anaerobic digestion through improved understanding of fundamental operational parameters
Creators: name: Giacalone, Stefano
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The anaerobic digestion (AD) process is an established treatment for sewage sludge produced at municipal wastewater treatment plants. However, water utilities lack guidelines on the effect of upstream processes and AD operational conditions on the overall digestion performance. This is the first research that investigates the interactive effects of different process conditions to determine their overall impact on sludge AD performance. The research aims at determining the impact of physico-chemical properties on the biodegradability of feed sludge; quantifying the impact of multiple AD operational conditions on process performance and digestate quality and integrating the findings into a steady-state model to design, monitor and optimise the AD process of sewage sludge. The Box Behnken method was selected to design the experiment on multiple operational parameters in order to improve the estimation of the regression coefficients. Novel automatic pilot scale digesters were used to conduct uninterrupted digestion experiments for approximately 1,000 days. Together with these an array of lab scale and batch digestion systems were used to provide reference and monitor feed sludge biodegradability throughout the experimental programme. The results showed that measured sludge physico-chemical characteristics did not control bio-methane yield of primary sludge (PS), and PS produced similar biogas yield irrespective of the sludge source. By contrast, physico-chemical and operational parameters impacted the bio-methane yield of surplus activated sludge (SAS). These included sludge physico-chemical conditions (volatile solids content and elemental content) and upstream process conditions (solids retention time in the activated sludge plant). The operational parameters tested were PS:SAS ratio, digestion temperature and feed dry solids concentration (DS%). The results indicated a positive and significant interaction of high temperature and high DS% on specific biogas yield and pathogen removal, which could have significant implications in terms of process optimisation. In terms of reactor stability, the concentration of alkalinity and ammoniacal nitrogen were found primarily increasing with increasing DS% and SAS content, suggesting that operating the digester at relatively high load produces a more stable bio-chemical environment. It was concluded that AD of sewage sludge should be operated between 6-8% DS% at a temperature of 45oC in order to simultaneously produce a stable bio-chemical environment in the AD reactor, maximize biogas production and produce a conventionally treated sludge within a 16 day retention time. The produced steady-state model was used to determine that investments to upgrade an existing large scale sludge AD plant in the UK operating at sub-optimal conditions, could have a payback time of six years due to the benefits arising from displacement of imported electricity and fossil fuels.
MOESM1 of Spatial analyzes of HLA data in Rio Grande do Sul, south Brazil: genetic structure and possible correlation with autoimmune diseases
Creators: name: Boquett, Juliano
name: Zagonel-Oliveira, Marcelo
name: Jobim, Luis
name: Jobim, Mariana
name: Luiz Gonzaga
name: Veronez, Maurício
name: Fagundes, Nelson
name: Schüler-Faccini, Lavínia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Sample size.
Transformative innovation policy - assessing discourse institutionalisation of an emerging policy paradigm
Creators: name: Diercks, Gijs Alphons
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: This thesis explores the emergence of transformative innovation policy, which can be understood as a reframing of the political agenda of innovation policy to address societal challenges such as climate change. This thesis conceptualises transformative innovation policy as an emerging policy paradigm, layered upon but not fully replacing earlier paradigms of Science & Technology Policy and Innovation Systems Policy. Grounded in argumentative discourse analysis, this thesis assesses the discourse institutionalisation of this emerging policy paradigm. The four empirical chapters focus on international policy organisations operating in a European context, namely the European Commission, Climate-KIC, the OECD and the European Environment Agency. The chapters are framed around three common questions, namely how transformative innovation policy is expressed in practice, to what extent it is institutionalised, and why events unfolded the way they did. The cases demonstrate that a paradigm shift in innovation policy is underway. There is a widespread recognition that existing ideas about innovation policy and its goals and instruments are failing to address current crises and that alternative solutions should be pursued. However, there is still much ambiguity about how exactly these new goals need to be addressed. This leads to clearly identifiable discursive struggles between broad and narrow articulations of transformative innovation policy. As a result, different directions of policy travel can be identified. This process is messy, and characteristic of the more evolutionary nature of policy change. The thesis also presents a closer assessment of the so-called ‘administrative battle of ideas’ representative of this broader paradigm shift. They display that organisational legacy and path dependency matter but that agency and path creation also play a crucial role. The presence of assumption surfacing and institutional entrepreneurship seem vital in achieving organisational change, which may well underlie any significant change in policy paradigm. This thesis contributes to knowledge by providing a conceptually and empirically informed framework to compare and contrast consecutive paradigms in innovation policy, and to identify and discuss different groups currently occupying this newly created discursive space. Furthermore, it makes some modest methodological and conceptual elaborations to the study of policy paradigms and policy paradigm change. In addition, this thesis shows that participant observation has potential to form a valuable contribution to STI policy studies.