cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of local stress on accurate modeling of bacterial outer membranes using all-atom molecular dynamics
Creators: name: Pirhadi, Emad
name: Vanegas, Juan M.
name: Farin, Mithila
name: Schertzer, Jeffrey W.
name: Yong, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biological membranes are fundamental components of living organisms that play an undeniable role in their survival. Molecular dynamics (MD) serves as an essential computational tool for studying biomembranes on molecular and atomistic scales. The status quo of MD simulations of biomembranes studies a nanometer-sized membrane patch periodically extended under periodic boundary conditions (PBC). In nature, membranes are usually composed of different lipids in their two layers (referred to as leaflets). This compositional asymmetry imposes a fixed ratio of lipid numbers between the two leaflets in a periodically constrained membrane, which needs to be set appropriately. The widely adopted methods of defining leaflet lipid ratio suffer from the lack of control over the mechanical tension of each leaflet, which could significantly influence research findings. In this study, we investigate the role of membrane-building protocol and the resulting initial stress state on the interaction between small molecules and asymmetric membranes. We model the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria using two different building protocols and probe their interactions with the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS). Our results show that differential stress could shift the position of free energy minimum for the PQS molecule between the two leaflets of the asymmetric membrane. This work provides critical insights into the relationship between the initial per-leaflet tension and the spontaneous intercalation of PQS.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ДОРЕВОЛЮЦИОННОЙ ЦИВИЛИСТИКЕ И АРХИВИСТИКЕ ПОРЯДКА РЕГИСТРАЦИИ ПРАВ НА ЗЕМЛЮ В ПОМЕСТНОМ ПРИКАЗЕ
Creators: name: Харченко Александр Владимирович
Publisher: name: Историко-правовые проблемы: Новый ракурс
Year: 2020
Subjects: Регистрация прав на землю
справка поместий и вотчин
вотчинная записка
крепостной акт
российская дореволюционная цивилистика
Поместный приказ
записные вотчинные книги.

description: В статье были рассмотрены дореволюционные научные работы цивилистов и архивистов, в которых исследовался порядок регистрации прав (производства справки) на земельную недвижимость в Поместном приказе в XVII и начале XVIII столетия. Было прослежено постепенное накопление в науке знаний по предмету изучения. Примечательно, что в первоначальных исследованиях проводилось описание порядка производства дел в Поместном приказе на основе анализа нормативных актов, а в последующих исследованиях приступили к изучению стадий производства дел, изучая архивные документы Поместного приказа. Особое внимание было уделено изучению делопроизводственных книг Поместного приказа, в частности записных вотчинных книг. В этих книгах регистрировались переходы прав на земельную недвижимость. Разобраны отдельные теоретические вопросы. Отмечены основные подходы к рассмотрению данной проблематики в исследованиях цивилистов и архивистов. Были изучены последние дореволюционные научные издания, в которых исследовалась рассматриваемая проблематика.
Extensive fitness and human cooperation
Creators: name: van Hateren, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Evolution depends on the fitness of organisms, the expected rate of reproducing. Directly getting offspring is the most basic form of fitness, but fitness can also be increased indirectly by helping genetically related individuals (such as kin) to increase their fitness. The combined effect is known as inclusive fitness. Here it is argued that a further elaboration of fitness has evolved, particularly in humans. It is called extensive fitness and it incorporates producing organisms that are merely similar in phenotype. The evolvability of this mechanism is illustrated by computations on a simple model combining heredity and behaviour. Phenotypes are driven into the direction of high fitness through a mechanism that involves an internal estimate of fitness, implicitly made within the organism itself. This mechanism has recently been conjectured to be responsible for producing agency and goals. In the model, inclusive and extensive fitness are both implemented by letting fitness increase nonlinearly with the size of subpopulations of similar heredity (for the indirect part of inclusive fitness) and of similar phenotype (for the phenotypic part of extensive fitness). Populations implementing extensive fitness outcompete populations implementing mere inclusive fitness. This occurs because groups with similar phenotype tend to be larger than groups with similar heredity, and fitness increases more when groups are larger. Extensive fitness has two components, a direct component where individuals compete in inducing others to become like them and an indirect component where individuals cooperate and help others who are already similar to them.
description: Removed minor typo in axis Fig. 2a; 18 pages, 5 figures; in press
НАУЧНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ МЫСЛЬ В.И. ЛЕНИНА ОБ ОБОБЩЕСТВЛЕНИИ ИМУЩЕСТВ КАК СПОСОБЕ ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЯ КЛАССОВЫХ ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЙ (1893-1904)
Creators: name: Борисов Андрей Андреевич
Publisher: name: Историко-правовые проблемы: Новый ракурс
Year: 2020
Subjects: аграрная программа РСДРП
конфискация
научный социализм
национализация
политико-правовые учения
социализация земли
экспроприация.

description: Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что историко-правовые аспекты процесса национализации собственности в значительной мере определялись политическими идеями, ставшими программными установками российской социал-демократии в конце XIX – начале XX века. Одним из выразителей этих идей являлся В.И. Ленин и нами определена задача раскрыть отдельные положения его работ о детерминантах развития капиталистических отношений и классовой борьбы в России, экономико-правовых способах разрешения классовых противоречий. Результатом исследования является вывод о том, что уже в первых работах В.И. Ленина особое внимание уделено вопросам принадлежности собственности, разъяснению учения К. Маркса и Ф. Энгельса об экономических особенностях капиталистических отношений в России, а также разработке и совершенствованию программ марксисткого и социал-демократического движения в России.
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКОЙ КООПЕРАЦИИ В РОССИИ В 1917 – 1929 ГОДЫ
Creators: name: Новикова Юлия Олеговна
Publisher: name: Историко-правовые проблемы: Новый ракурс
Year: 2020
Subjects: кооперация
кооперативные товарищества
потребительская кооперация
кооперативное движение
кооперативное законодательство
потребительская коммуна
кооперативное строительство

description: В статье рассмотрена трансформация нормативного правового регулирования потребительской кооперации в период с 1917 по 1929 гг. В период Временного Правительства деятельность потребительской кооперации регламентировалась Положениями от 20 марта 1917 г. «О кооперативных товариществах и их союзах» и законом от 01 августа 1917 г. «О съездах представителей кооперативных учреждений», которые сформировали демократические начала кооперативному движения, предопределившие бурное развитие кооперативных объединений. 1919 г. обусловил огосударствление кооперации в, которое продолжилось до 1922 г. Политика НЭПа предопределила распределение кооперации на виды и развитие в соответствии с заявленными направлениями деятельность, при этом конец 20-х начало 30-х гг. обусловил свертывание кооперативного движения в России.
The centers of discrete groups as stabilizers of Dark Matter
Creators: name: Jurčiukonis, Darius
name: Lavoura, Luís
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most usual option to stabilize Dark Matter (DM) is a $Z_2$ symmetry. In general, though, DM may be stabilized by any $Z_N$ with $N \ge 2$. We consider the way $Z_N$ is a subgroup of the internal-symmetry group $G$ of a model; we entertain the possibility that $Z_N$ is the center of $G$, yet $G$ is not of the form $Z_N \times G^\prime$, where $G^\prime$ is a group smaller (i.e. of lower order) than $G$. We examine all the discrete groups of order smaller than 2001 and we find that many of them cannot be written as the direct product of a cyclic group and some other group, yet they have a non-trivial center that might be used in Model Building to stabilize DM.
description: 15 pages, no figures; v2: added references; v3: matches published version
Characterizing mutant G proteins implicated in movement disorders
Creators: name: Brinson, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Heterotrimeric G proteins are important regulators of cell signaling pathways in humans. Mutations in the alpha subunit of the G protein G⍺O are known to result in a broad range of movement disorders, all classified as a single disease known as early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE). The mechanism of action of these mutants remains unclear. By creating the mutations in the yeast homolog of G⍺O (Gpa1), we can determine the mutant’s effect on the signaling pathway with minimal interference from other receptors or effectors that the haploid organism lacks. We use a combination of growth inhibition assays, transcription reporter assays, structural modeling, and western blots to group the mutants into distinct categories. These categories align with different reported patient conditions, indicating that a.) what is currently understood as one disease may be better understood and addressed as three distinct diseases and b.) the signaling profiles of the defined groups in yeast correlate to how the mutant G⍺’s exert their function within humans. The ability to mechanistically dissect and understand these mutants, and eventually the resulting conditions, is critical for therapeutic advancements for the treatment-resistant epileptic disorders.
The small binary asteroid (939) Isberga
Creators: name: Carry, B.
name: Matter, A.
name: Scheirich, P.
name: Pravec, P.
name: Molnar, L.
name: Mottola, S.
name: Carbognani, A.
name: Jehin, E.
name: Marciniak, A.
name: Binzel, R. P.
name: DeMeo, F. E.
name: Birlan, M.
name: Delbo, M.
name: Barbotin, E.
name: Behrend, R.
name: Bonnardeau, M.
name: Colas, F.
name: Farissier, P.
name: Fauvaud, M.
name: Fauvaud, S.
name: Gillier, C.
name: Gillon, M.
name: Hellmich, S.
name: Hirsch, R.
name: Leroy, A.
name: Manfroid, J.
name: Montier, J.
name: Morelle, E.
name: Richard, F.
name: Sobkowiak, K.
name: Strajnic, J.
name: Vachier, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In understanding the composition and internal structure of asteroids, their density is perhaps the most diagnostic quantity. We aim here to characterize the surface composition, mutual orbit, size, mass, and density of the small main-belt binary asteroid (939) Isberga. For that, we conduct a suite of multi-technique observations, including optical lightcurves over many epochs, near-infrared spectroscopy, and interferometry in the thermal infrared. We develop a simple geometric model of binary systems to analyze the interferometric data in combination with the results of the lightcurve modeling. From spectroscopy, we classify Ibserga as a Sq-type asteroid, consistent with the albedo of 0.14$^{+0.09}_{-0.06}$ (all uncertainties are reported as 3-$σ$ range) we determine (average albedo of S-types is 0.197 $\pm$ 0.153, Pravec et al., 2012, Icarus 221, 365-387). Lightcurve analysis reveals that the mutual orbit has a period of 26.6304 $\pm$ 0.0001 h, is close to circular, and has pole coordinates within 7 deg. of (225, +86) in ECJ2000, implying a low obliquity of 1.5 deg. The combined analysis of lightcurves and interferometric data allows us to determine the dimension of the system and we find volume-equivalent diameters of 12.4$^{+2.5}_{-1.2}$ km and 3.6$^{+0.7}_{-0.3}$ km for Isberga and its satellite, circling each other on a 33 km wide orbit. Their density is assumed equal and found to be $2.91^{+1.72}_{-2.01}$ g.cm$^{-3}$, lower than that of the associated ordinary chondrite meteorites, suggesting the presence of some macroporosity, but typical of S-types of the same size range (Carry, 2012, P\&SS 73, 98-118). The present study is the first direct measurement of the size of a small main-belt binary. Although the interferometric observations of Isberga are at the edge of MIDI capabilities, the method described here is applicable to others suites of instruments (e.g, LBT, ALMA).
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
title: Kommunale Gebietsreformen und Vergleichbarkeit von Gemeindestrukturdaten
title: Schlüssellisten zur Anpassung raumbezogener Daten auf Gemeindeebene
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Guth, Dennis
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 710

description: Veränderungen im gemeindlichen Gebietszuschnitt stellen Analysen auf der Grundlage gemeindebezogener Strukturdaten unterschiedlicher Zeitpunkte regelmäßig vor Probleme. Das vorliegende Arbeitspapier informiert über die kommunalen Gebietsreformen der 1960er und 1970er Jahre in Westdeutschland. Wesentliches Ziel dieses Beitrags ist die Erläuterung und Bereitstellung einer Schlüsseltabelle zur Anpassung gemeindlicher Änderungen für Zeitreihenanalysen. Diese digitale Referenz enthält für ausgesuchte Bundesländer eine Vielzahl der Umkodierungen seit 1970. Die Datei stellen wir auf Nachfrage zur Verfügung.
description: The municipal area reform in West Germany in the 1960s and 1970s has led to a major expansion in the size of municipalities over time. Statistical data from this period mostly refers to administrative boundaries before the large-scale municipal reforms. In order to ensure comparability with more recent statistics it is necessary to transform the historical data to recent administrative structures. We compiled a list to retrace the changes in the number and size of municipalities over the years. Our table helps to adjust the municipal structure for most communities in selected Federal States (Bundesländer) since 1970. The data are available on request from the authors.
description: Arbeitspapiere des Fachgebiets Verkehrswesen und Verkehrsplanung;20
(502668) William Noel Wickham
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Breastfeeding Intensity, Oxytocin, and Perinatal Depression During the Postpartum Period
Creators: name: Julianna Fischer
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: 	The current study explores the relationship between intensity of daily breastfeeding, oxytocin levels during breastfeeding, and depression symptoms in mothers during the postpartum period. Maternal oxytocin levels have been associated with breastfeeding and maternal depression symptoms, but limited research is available on the inter-relationships between breastfeeding, oxytocin, and depression in mothers. While maternal depression may lead to negative outcomes for the mother-infant dyad, breastfeeding promotes mother-infant bonding and provides a myriad of physical and emotional health benefits for both mother and baby. As such, the current study focuses on breastfeeding behaviors, oxytocin levels during breastfeeding, and depressive symptoms at 2 months and 6 months of child age. Participants in this longitudinal study included 145 mother-infant dyads who participated in laboratory visits at 2 and 6 months postpartum. These visits included self-reports of breastfeeding practices during previous weeks, depression screenings, and observed infant feeding sessions during which blood oxytocin levels were measured. I hypothesized that breastfeeding intensity would be positively correlated with oxytocin levels, and that depressive symptoms would moderate the strength of this relationship. Results indicate that breastfeeding intensity positively predicted oxytocin levels at 2 and 6 months, and change in breastfeeding intensity between 2 and 6 months positively predicted change in oxytocin levels over the same time period. I failed to find evidence that maternal  
depression moderated this relationship at any time point. The current study provides insight into how breastfeeding practices over time may influence oxytocin release.
Warfighting In Urbanized Coastal Terrain: Viability and Application for Amphibious Fighting Forces in the Pacific
Creators: name: Anspach, Charles
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: Strategy
Naval art and science
Military art and science
Amphibious warfare
Urbanization
United States. Marine Corps

description: Urban warfare has posed a dilemma for conventional fighting forces since the advent of urbanization, generally viewed as something to be avoided to the maximum possible extent and thus only being conducted when necessary. Amphibious warfare has a comparable history, with amphibious assaults historically limited by tactical, technical, and operational concerns. The United States Marine Corps has conducted operations in both venues. With increasing urbanization along most littorals, however, a situation is emerging wherein amphibious forces will be required to land in and conduct warfighting in coastal cities, made worse with emerging “megacities” and “shantytowns” already found on the Asia-Pacific Rim. The scale of this problem can be found in statistics and analysis of present urbanization trends in the Asia-Pacific region (given American foreign policy’s ongoing “pivot to Asia”). This is further illustrated in previous urban-amphibious operations conducted by the United States Marine Corps (USMC) and other military organizations. in order to provide a clear picture of what the execution of said operations will look like. Finally, based on this evidence and analysis, it is clear that a Marine Corps Urban Warfare Training Center and dedicated urban warfare support forces are necessary to complement current littoral-focused Marine Corps forces and training.
title: Die Pendlerdatei
title: Gemeindebezogener Datensatz zur Rekonstruktion des deutschen Pendelgeschehens seit 1970
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Guth, Dennis
name: Thurm, Anja
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 710

description: Das vorliegende Arbeitspapier beschreibt „die Pendlerdatei“, die am Fachgebiet Verkehrswesen und Verkehrsplanung im Zuge dreijähriger Projektarbeit entstanden ist. Die Datei dient der Rekonstruktion des über- und innergemeindlichen Pendelgeschehens über eine Spanne von knapp vier Dekaden und ist einzigartig in ihrer Detaillierung und Vollständigkeit. Das Arbeitspapier bietet methodische und technische Hintergrundinformationen, die für ihre sachgemäße Handhabung erforderlich sind.
description: The paper describes „die Pendlerdatei” („commuter flow file”), which was compiled at the Department of Transport Planning over three years as part of the research project „Spatial accessibility and the dynamics of commuting in Germany and Switzerland, 1970-2005“. The collected data contain information about the spatial development of commuting between and within municipalities over a period of almost four decades (1970-2007), and they are unique in terms of their richness and completeness. The working paper provides methodological and technical background information, which is necessary for an appropriate application of the data.
(502666) Medora Sophia Halliday
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Targeting mTOR Activity via POx-INK128 as a Single-Agent Therapy for SHH Medulloblastoma
Creators: name: Patackis, Ella
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Medulloblastoma accounts for nearly 20% of brain tumor diagnoses in children and is the most common malignant brain tumor in pediatric patients (Juraschka, 2019). Current medulloblastoma treatments include chemotherapy and craniospinal radiation and yield an 80% 5-year survival rate (Crowther, 2016). Although these combination therapies have proven effective for many patients, the toxicity of treatments can leave patients with longstanding neurocognitive and developmental impairments that interfere with their quality of life (Juraschka, 2019). Thus, an urgency exists to identify less toxic therapeutic options to effectively treat medulloblastoma in pediatric patients. Deletion of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL has been shown to improve survival of medulloblastoma-bearing mice, however, tumors develop resistance by upregulating anti-apoptotic MCL-1, which may be mediated by an infiltration of IGF-1- producing tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMs) (Cleveland, 2022). Additionally, IGF-1 has been shown to increase translation in medulloblastoma cells through upregulation of the mTOR pathway, which regulates MCL-1 expression (Cleveland, 2022). MCL-1 is known to have a high turnover rate, making it dependent upon translation (Veleta, 2020). This research study tested whether inhibiting mTOR signaling pharmacologically improved survival of Bcl-xL-deleted medulloblastoma-bearing mice. This was done by treating Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-subtype medulloblastoma-bearing mice with the mTOR inhibitor POx-INK128. POx-INK128 was injected into medulloblastoma-bearing mice with and without homozygous Bcl-xL deletion and the mice were monitored until either P48 or the humane endpoint, with Bcl-xL-deleted tumors harvested to verify the genotype. My research showed that POx-INK128 does not significantly improve survival of medulloblastoma-bearing mice, regardless of the presence of Bcl-xL. A future direction of this study will focus on the increased expression of TAMs in Bcl-xL knockout tumors, which may also be contributing toward mTOR signaling, and will use cytokine arrays to measure IGF-1 levels within the proliferating population in order to further understand the effect of these cells on the Bcl-xL knockout tumor itself.
Impact picture for near-forward elastic scattering up to LHC energies
Creators: name: Soffer, Jacques
name: Bourrely, Claude
name: Wu, Tai Tsun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We will recall the main feaatures of an accurate phenomenological model to describe successfully near-forward elastic scattering in a wide energy range, including ISR, SPS and Tevatron colliders. A large step in energy domain is accomplished with the LHC collider, presently running, giving the opportunity to confront the new data with the predictions of our theoretical approach.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Invited talk presented by Jacques Soffer at DIFFRACTION 2014, September 10 - 15, 2014, Primosten, Croatia (To be published in the AIP Conference Proceedings)
Overview of TMD evolution
Creators: name: Boer, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs) appear in many scattering processes at high energy, from the semi-inclusive DIS experiments at a few GeV to the Higgs transverse momentum distribution at the LHC. Predictions for TMD observables crucially depend on TMD factorization, which in turn determines the TMD evolution of the observables with energy. In this contribution to SPIN2014 TMD factorization is outlined, including a discussion of the treatment of the nonperturbative region, followed by a summary of results on TMD evolution, mostly applied to azimuthal asymmetries.
description: 6 pages, no figures, contribution to the proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Spin Physics (Spin2014), Beijing, China, October 20-24, 2014
(502667) Agnes Medora Wickham
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
EntityCS: Improving Zero-Shot Cross-lingual Transfer with Entity-Centric Code Switching
Creators: name: Whitehouse, Chenxi
name: Christopoulou, Fenia
name: Iacobacci, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate alignment between languages is fundamental for improving cross-lingual pre-trained language models (XLMs). Motivated by the natural phenomenon of code-switching (CS) in multilingual speakers, CS has been used as an effective data augmentation method that offers language alignment at the word- or phrase-level, in contrast to sentence-level via parallel instances. Existing approaches either use dictionaries or parallel sentences with word alignment to generate CS data by randomly switching words in a sentence. However, such methods can be suboptimal as dictionaries disregard semantics, and syntax might become invalid after random word switching. In this work, we propose EntityCS, a method that focuses on Entity-level Code-Switching to capture fine-grained cross-lingual semantics without corrupting syntax. We use Wikidata and English Wikipedia to construct an entity-centric CS corpus by switching entities to their counterparts in other languages. We further propose entity-oriented masking strategies during intermediate model training on the EntityCS corpus for improving entity prediction. Evaluation of the trained models on four entity-centric downstream tasks shows consistent improvements over the baseline with a notable increase of 10% in Fact Retrieval. We release the corpus and models to assist research on code-switching and enriching XLMs with external knowledge.
description: Findings of EMNLP 2022
Three-point functions of conserved currents in 3D CFT: general formalism for arbitrary spins
Creators: name: Buchbinder, Evgeny I.
name: Stone, Benjamin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the general structure of the three-point functions involving conserved bosonic and fermionic higher-spin currents in three-dimensional conformal field theory. Using the constraints of conformal symmetry and conservation equations, we use a computational formalism to analyse the general structure of $\langle J^{}_{s_{1}} J'_{s_{2}} J''_{s_{3}} \rangle$, where $J^{}_{s_{1}}$, $J'_{s_{2}}$ and $J''_{s_{3}}$ are conserved currents with spins $s_{1}$, $s_{2}$ and $s_{3}$ respectively (integer or half-integer). The calculations are completely automated for any chosen spins and are limited only by computer power. We find that the correlation function is in general fixed up to two independent even structures, and one odd structure, subject to a set of triangle inequalities. We also analyse the structure of three-point functions involving higher-spin currents and fundamental scalars and spinors.
description: 56 pages; v2: minor edits, references added
Determination of the Lens Mass and Distance of OGLE-2018-BLG-0705
Creators: name: Tsirulik, Shelly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Gravitational microlensing
Single-lens system
Astrometric microlensing effect
Astro 99

description: I report on OGLE-2018-BLG-0705, an event simultaneously observed by groundbased telescopes/observatories and the Spitzer Space Telescope. The ground-based data exhibit finite source effects, yielding the microlensing parameter ρ and, in turn, a measurement of the Einstein ring radius, θE. Combining the ground-based and space-based observations yields the microlensing parallax, πE, which, when combined with θE, allows for the determination of the lens mass and the distance to the lens, up to a two-fold degeneracy in magnitude of πE. However, since OGLE2018-BLG-0705 is a high-magnification event, this degeneracy does not prevent the determination of ML and DL. OGLE-2018-BLG-0705 is a single-lens system, where the lens has mass ML = 0.74 ± 0.05 M and the distance to the lens is DL = 2.2 ± 0.1 kpc. There have been only about ten other single-lens systems where ML and DL could be determined from finite source effects and parallax. Analysis of stellar proper motions indicates that the lens star appears likely to be in the star cluster NGC 6544 and breaks the direction degeneracy in πE. Moreover, the measurement of DL = 2.2 ± 0.1 kpc perhaps indicates that the previously reported distance to NGC 6544 of Dcluster = 2.6 ± 0.27 kpc is too large.
description: Astro 99
Regulation of BPIFA1 Expression in Human Airway Epithelium
Creators: name: Kellogg, Camryn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: 
Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in the United States with over 25 million Americans having received a diagnosis. Recent research has uncovered significantly reduced expression of bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing family member A1 (BPIFA1), a common airway protein thought to be involved in innate host defense. Previous cell culture data indicates that IL-13, an inflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, directly reduces BPIFA1 expression. However, the exact signaling pathway by which IL-13 downregulates BPIFA1 production remains unknown. Further, additional data has demonstrated that administration of albuterol, a common medication used to treat asthma, leads to a rapid release of BPIFA1 protein without changing BPIFA1 expression. However, this finding has only been documented once in the literature and lacks additional support or replication. This study set out to support previous findings that IL-13 downregulates BPIFA1 expression, to determine whether this signaling involves the type II IL-13Rα1/IL-4Rα1 receptor, and to provide additional data on the impact albuterol has on BPIFA1 protein levels. To this end, human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI) for four weeks at full confluence. A portion was then administered either phosphate buffered saline (PBS), IL-13, a combination of both IL-13 and dupilumab (a monoclonal antibody drug targeting the type II receptor), or albuterol. Finally, cell lysate and apical fluids from all HBECs were collected and analyzed for BPIFA1 protein levels via western blot and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). While the data supports a reduction in BPIFA1 expression in bronchial epithelial cells as a result of IL-13 administration, they do not clearly support the hypothesis that the signaling occurs exclusively through the type II receptor. As such, these findings suggest that IL-13 may be working through additional pathways to down-regulate BPIFA1 expression. With
respect to albuterol, the data refutes the previous finding in the literature that albuterol leads to increased BPIFA1 secretion.
(502663) Daphne Anna Wickham
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Crystal fields and Kondo effect: new results for the magnetic susceptibility
Creators: name: Desgranges, Hans-Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations for the Coqblin-Schrieffer model have been solved for the first time to obtain the magnetic susceptibility in the presence of crystal fields for non-zero temperatures. For the case of N = 4 effective ionic states an analytic expression for the limiting values of the pseudo-energies has been found facilitating the numerical solution for various crystal and magnetic field configurations. The single-impurity model applies to a wide range of dense Kondo systems and has been used before to explain apparent non-Fermi-liquid behavior. The flattening off of the susceptibility curves at a substantially higher temperature than the specific heat is shown to be a general feature of the Coqblin-Schrieffer thermodynamics.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Aerosol Formation Potential Assessed from the Atmospheric Hydroxyl Radical Oxidation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Alcohol (FTOH)
Creators: name: Shukla, Aashna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging contaminants of concern. Water contamination with PFASs have posed an environmental health issue for decades, but recent research indicates that point source emissions of PFASs into the atmosphere can lead to widespread environmental contamination due to the atmospheric transport of their gaseous precursors and PFAS-containing aerosol particles; however, it remains uncertain how atmospheric chemical reactions of their gaseous precursors lead to long-lived  PFASs that return to the Earth’s surface through either wet or dry deposition of particulate PFASs. Therefore, this laboratory-based study systematically examined the potential for aerosol particle formation via the reaction of a model gaseous fluorotelomer alcohol (i.e., 6:2 FTOH) with atmospheric hydroxyl (OH) radicals using an oxidation flow reactor. In the absence of pre-existing aerosols, preliminary results indicate elevated levels of aerosol particle formation through nucleation of low-volatility oxidation products. Further studies should be conducted using acidic and wet sulfate aerosols that are representative of ambient aerosols to determine if low-volatility oxidation products from FTOH + OH reactions yield aerosol particles from condensation, and to chemically characterize these condensation products at the molecular level. This will aid in source tracking of atmospheric PFASs and to understand the environmental fates of these compounds.
Langzeitbeobachtungen von Leguminosen Nachsaaten im Dauergrünland
Creators: name: Weggler, Karin
Publisher: name: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2020

description: In Deutschland werden große Mengen an eiweißreichem Futtermittel importiert, da die lokale Produktion zur Tierernährung, unter anderem auch in der Rinderhaltung, nicht ausreicht. Diese großen Importmengen haben eine Reihe von negativen Auswirkungen und es gilt die lokale Eiweißproduktion zu erhöhen. Ein unzureichend ausgeschöpftes Potential, ist die Eiweißlieferung aus dem Grundfutter von Milchvieh, das im Feldfutterbau oder im Dauergrünland gewonnen werden kann. Leguminosen sind eiweißreiche Pflanzen, deren Anteil durch eine intensivere Nutzung und Düngung des Dauergrünlandes in den letzten Jahrzehnten stark abnahm und deren erneute Integrierung eine erhöhte Eiweißernte im Grundfutter verspricht. Die durchgeführten Versuche sollten klären, ob der Anteil von Leguminosen durch eine Nachsaat im Dauergrünland erhöht werden kann und ob der Nachsaattermin, Leguminosen-Art oder Saatmenge den Erfolg der Maßnahme beeinflussen. Weiterhin sollte geklärt werden, ob die Nachsaat den Bestand nachhaltig verändert oder ob nach einer gewissen Zeit eine Wiederholung der Nachsaat notwendig wird. Die Versuche wurden an einem drei- und fünf-Schnitt Standort angelegt und Ertragsparameter wurden von 2013 bis 2019 gemessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sich Rotklee gut, aber Luzerne und Weißklee nur unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen im Bestand etablieren lassen. Nachsaat zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt, nach dem ersten Schnitt war, bis auf eine Ausnahme, der einzig erfolgreiche Saattermin, wobei die gering gewählten Saatmengen ausreichend waren. Eine Nachsaat zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt hatte nur mit Rotklee Erfolg. Der Rotklee-Anteil wurde durch eine Nachsaat für 2 bis 3 Jahre erhöht, der Luzerne-Anteil ließ sich je nach Standort für über 5 Jahre erhöhen und der Weißklee-Anteil konnte nur bei hoher Schnitthäufigkeit und reduziertem Konkurrenzdruck erhöht werden. Eine Wiederholung der Maßnahme war bei Weißklee und Luzerne aber nur bedingt bei Rotklee möglich. Konnten die Leguminosen etabliert werden, resultierte dies in stark erhöhten Trockenmasse- und Proteinerträgen (Mehrertrag über 3 Jahre: 43-160 dt TM ha-1 3-Jahre-1; 9-20 dt XP ha-1 3-Jahre-1). Eine erfolgreiche Etablierung der Leguminosen erforderte allerdings zwingend einen der jeweiligen Leguminosenart angepassten Nachsaattermin und zusätzliche, flankierende Maßnahmen.
description: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Aktuelle Beiträge
Ethically Combating Radical Belief
Creators: name: Fiore, Anna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Misinformation and radical belief are on the rise. These problems, coupled with a population which increasingly communicates online, threaten the health of our epistemic community and stress our friendships and relationships. This essay examines common characteristics of radical belief and considers methods to effectively and ethically combat it to protect the epistemic rights of individuals and the epistemic flourishing of communities.
If You Are Careful, So Am I! How Robot Communicative Motions Can Influence Human Approach in a Joint Task
Creators: name: Lastrico, Linda
name: Duarte, Nuno Ferreira
name: Carfì, Alessandro
name: Rea, Francesco
name: Mastrogiovanni, Fulvio
name: Sciutti, Alessandra
name: Santos-Victor, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As humans, we have a remarkable capacity for reading the characteristics of objects only by observing how another person carries them. Indeed, how we perform our actions naturally embeds information on the item features. Collaborative robots can achieve the same ability by modulating the strategy used to transport objects with their end-effector. A contribution in this sense would promote spontaneous interactions by making an implicit yet effective communication channel available. This work investigates if humans correctly perceive the implicit information shared by a robotic manipulator through its movements during a dyadic collaboration task. Exploiting a generative approach, we designed robot actions to convey virtual properties of the transported objects, particularly to inform the partner if any caution is required to handle the carried item. We found that carefulness is correctly interpreted when observed through the robot movements. In the experiment, we used identical empty plastic cups; nevertheless, participants approached them differently depending on the attitude shown by the robot: humans change how they reach for the object, being more careful whenever the robot does the same. This emerging form of motor contagion is entirely spontaneous and happens even if the task does not require it.
description: Accepted to ICSR 2022, 14th International Conference on Social Robotics, preprint version
(502664) Frederick St Barbe Wickham
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
COB Mergers in the Galactic Center: Stellar Flyby Effects on Evolution and Merger Rate
Creators: name: Winter, Mila
name: Petrovich, Cristóbal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: compact objects
gravitational waves
orbital dynamics
galactic center
binaries

description: The center of our galaxy is a very dense and dynamically active environment, packed with stars and compact objects orbiting a central SMBH. Many of these compact objects may be binary systems of black holes which, in some circumstances, end up merging and emitting gravitational waves. With the collaboration of the VIRGO and LIGO interferometers we have been able to detect, as of today, up to ∼ 50 of these gravitational wave events. This makes us ask ourselves, what mechanisms push these black holes into merging? So far two types of binary evolution have been discussed: Isolated and non-isolated. In this last category we find events in centers of galaxies, globular clusters or multi stellar systems. For this study we will focus particularly on the dynamics leading to black hole mergers in galactic centers. One of the main evolution drivers are gravitational potentials, due to which binaries experience eccentricity oscillations that can lead to extremely small pericentric distances at which GW wave emission is enhanced. In the case of the galactic center, if the potential of the SMBH is dominant, these oscillations are the ones produced by the ZLK mechanism. Depending on the orbital orientation these oscillations alone might not be enough to reach the eccentricities required for a GW event, however the effect of fly-bys constantly perturbing the orbit of the binary can help to reach more extreme values especially in very dense environments such as galactic centers. This study focuses mainly on BH binaries in the galactic center (although the model proposed applies for any axisymmetric potential) and the effect that fly-bys might have on their merger rates.
Building Mock Galaxy Catalogues to Test the Nature of Gravity
Creators: name: Shiferaw, Mahlet
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Galaxy dark matter halos
Galaxy surveys
Astro 99

description: The Theory of General Relativity (GR) is very well-tested on local Solar System scales, but tests on the largest cosmological scales have been limited by the volume and precision of existing galaxy surveys. This situation is expected to change in the
 coming decade with the advent of several new spectroscopic redshift surveys like desi and Euclid. In this project, we test the nature of gravity on these scales by using cosmological simulations to construct mock galaxy catalogs that mimic surveys as closely
 as possible. In particular, we focus on ΛCDM and three variants of the f(R) model of modified gravity: F6, F5, F4, each of which enhance the strength of gravity relative to GR with increasing intensity. Because of the inherent nonlinearity of the f(R)
 model, we use large-scale numerical simulations that self-consistently evolve dark matter particles according to these modified equations of motion. In computing the two-point 3D real-space correlation function of the resulting dark matter halos, we find that due to differences in the intensity of the enhancement of gravity, dark matter halos in F4 are significantly less clustered than GR, F6 is slightly less clustered, and F5 is slightly more clustered. We transform each of these halo catalogues using the Halo Occupation
 Distribution model, which determines the likelihood of a halo having a certain number of galaxies based upon its mass. Finally, we trim these galaxy catalogues even further by applying survey realism, ensuring that the galaxy distribution in the two cosmologies is
 identical to the observer.
description: Astro 99
Characterizing the initial and final state effects of relativistic nuclear collisions
Creators: name: Magdy, Niseem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Multi-Phase Transport model (AMPT) is used to study the final state effects on the Symmetric Correlations (SC), Asymmetric Correlations (ASC), Normalized Symmetric Correlations (NSC), and Normalized Asymmetric Correlations (NASC) in Au+Au collisions at 200~GeV. The correlators' sensitivity to non-flow effects associated with long- and short-range non-flow correlations are also discussed using the HIJING model. The results indicate that SC, ASC, NSC, and NASC can give accompanying constraints for initial and final state effects. In addition, conducting further detailed experimental measurements spanning a broad range of collision systems and beam energies will serve as an additional constraint for the theoretical models' calculations.
description: 26 pages, 29 figures
(502665) Dennis Henry Wickham
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.