cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rotational state microwave mixing for laser cooling of complex diatomic molecules
Creators: name: Yeo, Mark
name: Hummon, Matthew T.
name: Collopy, Alejandra L.
name: Yan, Bo
name: Hemmerling, Boerge
name: Chae, Eunmi
name: Doyle, John M.
name: Ye, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the mixing of rotational states in the ground electronic state using microwave radiation to enhance optical cycling in the molecule yttrium (II) monoxide (YO). This mixing technique is used in conjunction with a frequency modulated and chirped continuous wave laser to slow longitudinally a cryogenic buffer gas beam of YO. We generate a measurable flux of YO below 10~m/s, directly loadable into a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap. This technique opens the door for laser cooling of molecules with more complex structure.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Random Field $ϕ^3$ Model and Parisi-Sourlas Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Kaviraj, Apratim
name: Trevisani, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the RG framework set up in arXiv:2009.10087 to explore the $ϕ^3$ theory with a random field interaction. According to the Parisi-Sourlas conjecture this theory admits a fixed point with emergent supersymmetry which is related to the pure Lee-Yang CFT in two less dimensions. We study the model using replica trick and Cardy variables in $d=8-ε$ where the RG flow is perturbative. Allowed perturbations are singlets under the $S_n$ symmetry that permutes the $n$ replicas. These are decomposed into operators with different scaling dimensions: the lowest dimensional part, `leader', controls the RG flow in the IR; the other operators, `followers', can be neglected. The leaders are classified into: susy-writable, susy-null and non-susy-writable according to their mixing properties. We construct low lying leaders and compute the anomalous dimensions of a number of them. We argue that there is no operator that can destabilize the SUSY RG flow in $d\le 8$. This agrees with the well known numerical result for critical exponents of Branched Polymers (which are in the same universality class as the random field $ϕ^3$ model) that match the ones of the pure Lee-Yang fixed point according to dimensional reduction in all $2\le d\le 8$. Hence this is a second strong check of the RG framework that was previously shown to correctly predict loss of dimensional reduction in random field Ising model.
description: 45 pages, 11 figures
Predicting the location of shear band initiation in a metallic glass
Creators: name: Fan, Z.
name: Ma, E.
name: Falk, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report atomistic simulation results which indicate that the location of shear banding in a metallic glass (MG) can be ascertained with reasonably high accuracy solely from the undeformed static structure. Correlation is observed between the location of the initiation of shear bands in a simulated MG and the initial distribution of the density of fertile sites (DFS) for stress-driven shear transformations identified a priori based on a deep learning model devised in our recent work [Fan and Ma, Nat. Commun. 12, 1506 (2021)]. In addition, we demonstrated that one can judge whether a glass is brittle or ductile solely based upon its initial DFS distribution. These validate that shear bands in MG arise from non-linear instabilities, and that the as-quenched glass structure contains inhomogeneities that influence these instabilities. This work also reveals an important subtlety regarding the non-deterministic nature of athermal quasistatic shear simulations.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Contraception Related Services and Programs Implemented in the United States Carceral Systems for Reproductive Aged Women: A Scoping Review
Creators: name: Antono, Amanda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background: Women experiencing incarceration face difficulties in accessing comprehensive reproductive health care, particularly contraception related services. Literature about the types of contraceptive programs or services offered to girls and women of reproductive age while they are incarcerated is limited. 

Objective: To describe (1) the types of contraception related services or programs offered to or implemented for reproductive age adolescent and adult women (ages 15-49) experiencing incarceration within the US carceral system, (2) the outcomes used to evaluate such services or programs, and (3) the facilitators and barriers to program implementation or service delivery. 

Methods: I developed an eligibility criteria, searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus databases for sources of evidence, screened title and abstracts, and then full-text articles for inclusion. Of the included studies, I manually extracted data using 15 variables relating to population, methods, and substance of the intervention and narratively summarized the results of each of the key questions of the scoping review. I critically appraised each included study to assess the quality of the intervention. 

Results: Out of the 2,387 reports discovered from the four databases searched, seven studies met the search criteria and were included in this review. Contraception related interventions fell in one of two categories: clinical services or educational programs. Eight different types of outcome measures were used to evaluate the associated interventions with contraception uptake as the most common type of outcome measured. Barriers to program implemented varied from limited types of contraception offered on-site to “reproductive ambivalence.” 

Conclusion: Future research should prioritize standardizing outcome measurements and program evaluation tools. Policy makers should consider increasing the amount of public funding for these programs and services, funding a prospective cohort study to examine the long-term effects of contraception related interventions post release, and funding interventions that lower the structural barriers that women face while incarcerated and post release.
The Effective Theory of Quantum Black Holes
Creators: name: Binetti, Emanuele
name: Del Piano, Manuel
name: Hohenegger, Stefan
name: Pezzella, Franco
name: Sannino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the quantum nature of black holes by introducing an effective framework that takes into account deviations from the classical results. The approach is based on introducing quantum corrections to the classical Schwarzschild geometry in a way that is consistent with the physical scales of the black hole and its classical symmetries. This is achieved by organizing the quantum corrections in inverse powers of a physical distance. By solving the system in a self-consistent way we show that the derived physical quantities, such as event horizons, temperature and entropy can be expressed in a well defined expansion in the inverse powers of the black hole mass. The approach captures the general form of the quantum corrections to black hole physics without requiring to commit to a specific model of quantum gravity.
description: Revised version matching the published one
Azimuthal asymmetries in $p^\uparrow p \to {\rm jet}\, π\, X$
Creators: name: Pisano, Cristian
name: D'Alesio, Umberto
name: Murgia, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the azimuthal asymmetries for the distributions of leading pions inside a jet produced inclusively in high-energy proton-proton collisions within the framework of the transverse momentum dependent generalized parton model. We present results for the RHIC center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 and 500 GeV, mainly for forward jet rapidities, in particular for the two mechanisms which dominate such asymmetries: the Sivers and the Collins effects. We also briefly discuss the case of inclusive jet production and, adopting the so-called colour gauge invariant parton model, we propose a phenomenological analysis of the process dependence of the quark Sivers function.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Transverse Polarisation Phenomena in Hard Processes (Transversity 2014), Chia, Cagliari (Italy), 9-13 June 2014
D5.3 Action Plan of Transformative Change Clustering
Creators: name: Partidario, Maria
name: Monteiro, Margarida B.
name: Martins, Rute
name: Soares, Ana
name: Bartolacci, Chiara
name: Crippa, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Action Plan of Transformative Change Clustering - Co-produced action plan between the projects funded under the “transformative change” call topics
Predicting Cause-Effect Relationships from Incomplete Discrete Observations
Creators: name: E  Boros
name: P. L. Hammer
name: Hooker, John N.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper addresses a prediction problem occurring frequently in practice. The problem consists in predicting the value of a function on the basis of discrete observational data that are incomplete in two senses. Only certain arguments of the function are observed, and the function value is observed only for certain combinations of values of these arguments. The problem is considered under a monotonicity condition that is natural in many applications. Applications to tax auditing, medicine, and real estate valuation are discussed. In particular, a special class of problems is identified for which the best monotone prediction can be found in polynomial time
NSP2 Expression and Mutation to Determine Regions of Interest for Cytopathic Effects
Creators: name: Loome, Jennifer
name: Klevans, Ian
name: Heise, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Describes SURF program where the nonstructural protein of Chikungunya Virus was studied. The research included creating an expression vector for this viral protein, as well as introducing mutations of interest into the expression vector and optimizing the transfection of this vector in cells.
A new observable for cosmic shear
Creators: name: Francfort, Jérémie
name: Cusin, Giulia
name: Durrer, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we introduce a new observable to measure cosmic shear. We show that if we can measure with good accuracy both, the orientation of a galaxy and the polarisation direction of its radio emission, the angle between them is sensitive to the foreground cosmic shear. Even if the signal-to-noise ratio for a single measurement is expected to be rather small, the fact that all galaxies in a given pixel are subject to the same shear can be used to overcome the noise. An additional advantage of this observable is that the signal is not plagued by intrinsic alignment. We estimate the SNR for the shear correlation functions measured in this way with the future SKA II survey.
description: Version accepted for publication in JCAP 21 pages, 3 figures, version 3
Recent Behavior of Base Velocity
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The Federal Reserve is back with its usual claim that the demand for money shifted in 1982. The alleged shift is used to justify a return to the money growth rates typical of the middle, and late seventies, the Burns and Miller years of highly inflationary monetary policy. This time the claim seems more substantial, or at least is more obvious to the naked eye, so it has been treated as an established fact by Wall Street and Washington.
A Luna étale slice theorem for algebraic stacks
Creators: name: Alper, Jarod
name: Hall, Jack
name: Rydh, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 14D23, Secondary 14B12, 14L24, 14L30

description: We prove that every algebraic stack, locally of finite type over an algebraically closed field with affine stabilizers, is étale-locally a quotient stack in a neighborhood of a point with a linearly reductive stabilizer group. The proof uses an equivariant version of Artin's algebraization theorem proved in the appendix. We provide numerous applications of the main theorems.
description: 47 pages, reorganization of results and applications, corrected applications to Bialynicki-Birula decompositions and equivariant versal deformations for curves, additional material added throughout, final version
Classical physics from amplitudes on curved backgrounds
Creators: name: Adamo, Tim
name: Cristofoli, Andrea
name: Ilderton, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalise the Kosower-Maybee-O'Connell (KMOC) formalism relating classical observables and scattering amplitudes to curved backgrounds. We show how to compute the final semiclassical state for a particle moving in a curved background in terms of scattering amplitudes on that background. Two-point amplitudes in this framework correspond to conservative physics with background-dependent memory effects. As an application, we consider plane wave and shockwave backgrounds both in electromagnetism and general relativity. We determine the final semiclassical state, showing it satisfies a notion of double copy on curved backgrounds. We then conclude by computing the impulse of a particle on such backgrounds, deriving exact results and velocity memory effects.
description: 15 pages
Additional file 1 of Transcriptome alterations in peripheral blood B cells of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving immune reconstitution therapy
Creators: name: Hecker, Michael
name: Fitzner, Brit
name: Boxberger, Nina
name: Putscher, Elena
name: Engelmann, Robby
name: Bergmann, Wendy
name: Müller, Michael
name: Ludwig-Portugall, Isis
name: Schwartz, Margit
name: Meister, Stefanie
name: Dudesek, Ales
name: Winkelmann, Alexander
name: Koczan, Dirk
name: Zettl, Uwe Klaus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Gating strategy for the B-cell phenotyping as well as cell population shifts and expression dynamics during alemtuzumab therapy.
Effects of Model Resolution and Coverage on Storm-Driven Coastal Flooding Predictions
Creators: name: Dawson, C.N.
name: Dietrich, J.C.
name: Thomas, A.
name: Luettich, R.A.
Publisher: name: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Year: 2022

description: Predictions of storm surge and flooding require models with higher resolution of coastal regions, to describe fine-scale bathymetric and topographic variations, natural and artificial channels, flow features, and barriers. However, models for real-time forecasting often use a lower resolution to improve efficiency. There is a need to understand how resolution of inland regions can translate to predictive accuracy, but previous studies have not considered differences between models that both represent conveyance into floodplains and are intended to be used in real time. In this study, the effects of model resolution and coverage are explored using comparisons between forecast-ready and production-grade models that both represent floodplains along the US southeast coast, but with typical resolutions in coastal regions of 400 and 50 m, respectively. For two storms that impacted the US southeast coast, it is shown that, although the overall error statistics are similar between simulations on the two meshes, the production-grade model allowed a greater conveyance into inland regions, which improved the tide and surge signals in small channels and increased the inundation volumes between 40% and 60%. Its extended coverage also removed water level errors of 20-40 cm associated with boundary effects in smaller regional models.
Energy cost of dynamical stabilization: stored versus dissipated energy
Creators: name: Allahverdyan, A. E.
name: Khalafyan, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Dynamical stabilization processes (homeostasis) are ubiquitous in nature, but energetic resources needed for their existence were not studied systematically. Here we undertake such a study using the famous model of Kapitza's pendulum, which attracted attention in the context of classical and quantum control. This model is generalized and made autonomous. We show that friction and stored energy stabilize the upper (normally unstable) state of the pendulum. The upper state can be made asymptotically stable and yet it does not cost any constant dissipation of energy, only a transient energy dissipation is needed. The asymptotic stability under a single perturbation does not imply stability with respect to multiple perturbations. For a range of pendulum-controller interactions, there is also a regime where constant energy dissipation is needed for stabilization. Several mechanisms are studied for the decay of dynamically stabilized states.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Improvements in storm surge surrogate modeling for synthetic storm parameterization, node condition classification and implementation to small size databases
Creators: name: Spiller, E.
name: Blanton, B.
name: Asher, T.G.
name: Plumlee, M.
name: Kyprioti, A.P.
name: Schmied, L.
name: Kijewski-Correa, T.L.
name: Luettich, R.A., Jr.
name: Taflanidis, A.A.
name: Kennedy, A.
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
Year: 2021

description: Surrogate models are becoming increasingly popular for storm surge predictions. Using existing databases of storm simulations, developed typically during regional flood studies, these models provide fast-to-compute, data-driven approximations quantifying the expected storm surge for any new storm (not included in the training database). This paper considers the development of such a surrogate model for Delaware Bay, using a database of 156 simulations driven by synthetic tropical cyclones and offering predictions for a grid that includes close to 300,000 computational nodes within the geographical domain of interest. Kriging (Gaussian Process regression) is adopted as the surrogate modeling technique, and various relevant advancements are established. The appropriate parameterization of the synthetic storm database is examined. For this, instead of the storm features at landfall, the features when the storm is at closest distance to some representative point of the domain of interest are investigated as an alternative parametrization, and are found to produce a better surrogate. For nodes that remained dry for some of the database storms, imputation of the surge using a weighted k nearest neighbor (kNN) interpolation is considered to fill in the missing data. The use of a secondary, classification surrogate model, combining logistic principal component analysis and Kriging, is examined to address instances for which the imputed surge leads to misclassification of the node condition. Finally, concerns related to overfitting for the surrogate model are discussed, stemming from the small size of the available database. These concerns extend to both the calibration of the surrogate model hyper-parameters, as well as to the validation approaches adopted. During this process, the benefits from the use of principal component analysis as a dimensionality reduction technique, and the appropriate transformation and scaling of the surge output are examined in detail.
Price and Wage Controls
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Any system of price and wage controls reduces freedom of contract and freedom of choice. Decisions to restrict these or other personal freedoms are justified in a totalitarian society by reference to some alleged, often vague and illusory, social benefit. In a democratic society, we require or expect some demonstration that the benefits to society exceed the costs of government policies, so that individuals who suffer losses can be compensated without eliminating the entire social gain
Ageing and crystallization in a lattice glass model
Creators: name: Seif, Alejandro
name: Loscar, Ernesto S.
name: Grigera, Tomas S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied a the 3-$d$ lattice glass of Pica Ciamarra, Tarzia, de Candia and Coniglio [Phys.\ Rev.\ E. 67, 057105 (2013)], which has been shown to reproduce several features of the structural glass phenomenology, such as the cage effect, exponential increase of relaxation times and ageing. We show, using short-time dynamics, that the metastability limit is above the estimated Kauzmann temperature. We also find that in the region where the metastable liquid exists the aging exponent is lower that 0.5, indicating that equilibrium is reached relatively quickly. We conclude that the usefulness of this model to study the deeply supercooled regime is rather limited.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Impact of the Flu of 1968 on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Atomic Bomb Survivors
Creators: name: Radivoyevitch, Tomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: CML
Atomic Bomb Survivors
H3N2

description: Animation showing how H3N2-mediated reductions in force of immunity peak heights could have clustered delayed onset Hiroshima female cases of chronic myeloid leukemia.
Gate-tunable Topological Valley Transport in Bilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Sui, Mengqiao
name: Chen, Guorui
name: Ma, Liguo
name: Shan, Wenyu
name: Tian, Dai
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Jin, Xiaofeng
name: Yao, Wang
name: Xiao, Di
name: Zhang, Yuanbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Valley pseudospin, the quantum degree of freedom characterizing the degenerate valleys in energy bands, is a distinct feature of two-dimensional Dirac materials. Similar to spin, the valley pseudospin is spanned by a time reversal pair of states, though the two valley pseudospin states transform to each other under spatial inversion. The breaking of inversion symmetry induces various valley-contrasted physical properties; for instance, valley-dependent topological transport is of both scientific and technological interests. Bilayer graphene (BLG) is a unique system whose intrinsic inversion symmetry can be controllably broken by a perpendicular electric field, offering a rare possibility for continuously tunable valley-topological transport. Here, we used a perpendicular gate electric field to break the inversion symmetry in BLG, and a giant nonlocal response was observed as a result of the topological transport of the valley pseudospin. We further showed that the valley transport is fully tunable by external gates, and that the nonlocal signal persists up to room temperature and over long distances. These observations challenge contemporary understanding of topological transport in a gapped system, and the robust topological transport may lead to future valleytronic applications.
D3.1 - Data governance, security and privacy requirements for the energy sector
Creators: name: Sánchez, Valentín
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Requirements
Platform
Reference Architecture
Interoperability
Data Governance
Security and privacy requirements

description: This report provides an accurate description of the captured data governance, security and privacy requirements for the PLATOON platform from the pilots. Additionally, the document maps these requirements into the IDS Reference architecture, roles and stake holders.
Public Policies as Causes of Fluctuations
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: ONE MAIN DIFFERENCE between the analysis of business cycles or fluctuations in the pre- and post-Keynesian eras is that much less explicit attention is now given to flushing out the alleged "causes" of fluctuations. "Overconsumption" and "underinvestment" theories and the like that dominated much of the pre-war discussion have been discarded or absorbed in a general "multiplier-accelerator" framework. Present-day economists are more willing than their predecessors to take an eclectic approach and to view cycles as a delayed response to prior (autonomous) changes, anticipated or actual
Neutrino Masses and Mass Hierarchy: Evidence for the Normal Hierarchy
Creators: name: Jimenez, Raul
name: Pena-Garay, Carlos
name: Short, Kathleen
name: Simpson, Fergus
name: Verde, Licia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The latest cosmological constraints on the sum of neutrino masses, in combination with the latest laboratory measurements on oscillations, provide ``decisive" Bayesian evidence for the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. We show that this result holds across very different prior alternatives by exploring two extremes on the range of prior choices. In fact, while the specific numerical value for the Evidence depends on the choice of prior, the Bayesian odds remain greater than 140:1 across very different prior choices. For Majorana neutrinos this has important implications for the upper limit of the neutrino-less double beta decay half life and thus for the technology and resources needed for future double beta decay experiments.
description: Matches accepted version to JCAP. Conclusions and results unchanged
Downscaling of real-time coastal flooding predictions for decision support
Creators: name: Luettich, R.A., Jr.
name: Dietrich, J.C.
name: Blanton, B.O.
name: Fleming, J.G.
name: Mitasova, H.
name: Langan, T.E.
name: Rucker, C.A.
name: Tull, N.
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
Year: 2021

description: During coastal storms, forecasters and researchers use numerical models to predict the magnitude and extent of coastal flooding. These models must represent the large regions that may be affected by a storm, and thus, they can be computationally costly and may not use the highest geospatial resolution. However, predicted flood extents can be downscaled (by increasing resolution) as a post-processing step. Existing downscaling methods use either a static extrapolation of the flooding as a flat surface, or rely on subsequent simulations with nested, full-physics models at higher resolution. This research explores a middle way, in which the downscaling includes simplified physics to improve accuracy. Using results from a state-of-the-art model, we downscale its flood predictions with three methods: (1) static, in which the water surface elevations are extrapolated horizontally until they intersect the ground surface; (2) slopes, in which the gradient of the water surface is used; and (3) head loss, which accounts for energy losses due to land cover characteristics. The downscaling methods are then evaluated for forecasts and hindcasts of Hurricane Florence (2018), which caused widespread flooding in North Carolina. The static and slopes methods tend to over-estimate the flood extents. However, the head loss method generates a downscaled flooding extent that is a close match to the predictions from a higher-resolution, full-physics model. These results are encouraging for the use of these downscaling methods to support decision-making during coastal storms.
Racing to the Bottom: Competition and Quality
Creators: name: Golan, Limor
name: Parlour, Christine A.
name: Rajan, Uday
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We model competition between risk-neutral principals who hire weakly risk-averse
agents to produce a good of variable quality. The agent can increase the likelihood of
producing a high-quality good by providing costly effort. We demonstrate that, when
the agent is strictly risk-averse, the cost of providing incentives increases in the number
of other firms in the industry. We characterize conditions under which the first-best
outcome involves each firm inducing high effort. We then consider firms in competition,
and identify parameter conditions under which (i) each firm induces high effort in the
short run and low effort in the long run (ii) the first-best outcome has each firm inducing
high effort, but long-run equilibrium results in each firm inducing low effort. Thus, in
the long run, the average quality in the industry deteriorates, and increased competition
leads to a “race to the bottom” in quality.
Real Exchange Rates: Some Evidence from the Postwar Years
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: THE MOVE TO FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATES early in 1973 is the type of experiment that economic researchers experience rarely. A marked change in monetary regime from fixed to flexible rates was followed by years of floating rates. Initially, some governments may have thought of flexible rates as a temporary expedient to last only until new parities were firmly established. Within a few years, however, the governments of principal developed countries, including the United States, accepted flexible rates as a durable arrangement. Although there has been considerable intervention in the currency markets, attempts at policy coordination and talk about target zones (particularly in recent years), the dollar and several other currencies have continued to float. Most major trading countries have reduced or removed exchange controls and other restrictions on capital mobility.
Source of a Prominent Poleward Surge During Solar Cycle 24
Creators: name: Yeates, A. R.
name: Baker, D.
name: van Driel-Gesztelyi, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As an observational case study, we consider the origin of a prominent poleward surge of leading polarity, visible in the magnetic butterfly diagram during Solar Cycle 24. A new technique is developed for assimilating individual regions of strong magnetic flux into a surface flux transport model. By isolating the contribution of each of these regions, the model shows the surge to originate primarily in a single high-latitude activity group consisting of a bipolar active region present in Carrington Rotations 2104-05 (November 2010-January 2011) and a multipolar active region in Rotations 2107-08 (February-April 2011). This group had a strong axial dipole moment opposed to Joy's law. On the other hand, the modelling suggests that the transient influence of this group on the butterfly diagram will not be matched by a large long-term contribution to the polar field, because of its location at high latitude. This is in accordance with previous flux transport models.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Space-time formulation, discretization, and computational performance studies for phase-field fracture optimal control problems
Creators: name: Khimin, Denis
name: Steinbach, Marc C.
name: Wick, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 74R10, 65N30, 49M15, 49K20, 35Q74

description: The purpose of this work is the development of space-time discretization schemes for phase-field optimal control problems. Specifically in the optimal control minimization problem, a tracking-type cost functional is minimized to steer the crack via the phase-field variable into a desired pattern. To achieve such optimal solutions, Neumann type boundary conditions need to be determined. First, a time discretization of the forward problem is derived using a discontinuous Galerkin formulation. Here, a challenge is to include regularization terms and the crack irreversibility constraint. The optimal control setting is formulated by means of the Lagrangian approach from which the primal part, adjoint, tangent and adjoint Hessian are derived. Herein the overall Newton algorithm is based on a reduced approach by eliminating the state constraint, namely the displacement and phase-field unknowns, but keeping the control variable as the only unknown. From the low-order discontinuous Galerkin discretization, adjoint time-stepping schemes are finally obtained. Both our formulation and algorithmic developments are substantiated and illustrated with six numerical experiments.
description: 46 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2110.11004
Shifts in BCFW method for QED
Creators: name: Li, Ke
name: Liu, Yuxin
name: Yan, Qi-Shu
name: Zhao, Xiaoran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the application of BCFW recursion relations to the QED processes $0\to e^- e^+ n γ$. Based on 6-point amplitudes (both MHVA and NMHVA) computed from Feynman diagrams in the Berends-Giele gauge, we conduct a comprehensive study on all different shifts. Then we propose a new shift (LLYZ shift) which can lead to the full amplitudes for these processes and can have some realistic computation advantages. We compare the number of terms and the independent amplitudes of this novel shift with a few typical shifts.
description: Version accepted by CPC
Storm-driven erosion and inundation of barrier islands from dune-to region-scales
Creators: name: Luettich, R.A.
name: Dietrich, J.C.
name: Overton, M.F.
name: Karanci, A.
name: Gharagozlou, A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2020

description: Barrier islands are susceptible to erosion, overwash, and breaching during intense storms. However, these processes are not represented typically in large-domain models for storm surge and coastal inundation. In this study, we explore the requirements for bridging the gap between dune-scale morphodynamic and region-scale flooding models. A high-resolution XBeach model is developed to represent the morphodynamics during Hurricane Isabel (2003) in the North Carolina (NC) Outer Banks. The model domain is extended to more than 30km of Hatteras Island and is thus larger than in previous studies. The predicted dune erosion is in good agreement with post-storm observed topography, and an ‘‘excellent’’ Skill Score of 0.59 is obtained on this large domain. Sensitivity studies show the morphodynamic model accuracy is decreased as the mesh spacing is coarsened in the cross-shore direction, but the results are less sensitive to the alongshore resolution. A new metric to assess model skill, Water Overpassing Area (WOA), is introduced to account for the available flow pathway over the dune crest. Together, these findings allow for upscaled parameterizations of erosion in larger-domain models. The updated topography, obtained from XBeach prediction, is applied in a region-scale flooding model, thus allowing for enhanced flooding predictions in communities along the Outer Banks. It is found that, even using a fixed topography in region-scale model, the flooding predictions are improved significantly when post-storm topography from XBeach is implemented. These findings can be generalized to similar barrier island systems, which are common along the U.S. Gulf and Atlantic coasts.
ATTITUDES AND VALUES THAT INFLUENCE EMPLOYER ENGAGMENT IN APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAMS
Creators: name: Mitschelen, Darcey Lynn
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Vocational education and training curriculum and pedagogy

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes and values relating to the decision-making process for employer engagement in apprenticeships. Woven into the American culture from the beginning, apprenticeships continue to be a viable option for education and training. However, current trends reveal a decline in the number of employers and employees engaging in apprenticeship programs. Explorations of historical, legislative, and social influences offered insight into this shift. This study used a quantitative methods approach to examine experience, level of knowledge, cost of administration and training, required administrative efforts, expectations, and impact on organizational structure related to employer engagement in apprenticeship programming. The results indicated that expectations have a significant influence in the decision-making process of employer engagement in apprenticeship programs and that experience is least influential. The findings and conclusions of the study imply that promotion of apprenticeship programs should be a local and state priority, supported by on-going information, materials, and guidance.
Limiting results for the free energy of directed polymers in random environment with unbounded jumps
Creators: name: Comets, Francis
name: Fukushima, Ryoki
name: Nakajima, Shuta
name: Yoshida, Nobuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K37 (Primary), 60K35, 82A51, 82D30 (Secondary)

description: We study asymptotics of the free energy for the directed polymer in random environment. The polymer is allowed to make unbounded jumps and the environment is given by Bernoulli variables. We first establish the existence and continuity of the free energy including the negative infinity value of the coupling constant $β$. Our proof of existence at $β=-\infty$ differs from existing ones in that it avoids the direct use of subadditivity. Secondly, we identify the asymptotics of the free energy at $β=-\infty$ in the limit of the success probability of the Bernoulli variables tending to one. It is described by using the so-called time constant of a certain directed first passage percolation. Our proof relies on a certain continuity property of the time constant, which is of independent interest.
description: 24 pages, Corrected typos
Controlling thermodynamics of a quantum heat engine with modulated amplitude drivings
Creators: name: Giri, Sajal Kumar
name: Goswami, Himangshu Prabal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: External driving of bath temperatures with a phase difference of a nonequilibrium quantum engine leads to the emergence of geometric effects on the thermodynamics. In this work, we modulate the amplitude of the external driving protocols by introducing envelope functions and study the role of geometric effects on the flux, noise and efficiency of a four-level driven quantum heat engine coupled with two thermal baths and a unimodal cavity. We observe that having a finite width of the modulation envelope introduces an additional control knob for studying the thermodynamics in the adiabatic limit. The optimization of the flux as well as the noise with respect to thermally induced quantum coherences becomes possible in presence of geometric effects, which is hitherto not possible with sinusoidal driving without an envelope. We also report the deviation of the slope and generation of an intercept in the standard expression for efficiency at maximum power as a function of Carnot efficiency in presence of geometric effects under the amplitude modulation. Further, a recently developed universal bound on the efficiency obtained from thermodynamic uncertainty relation is shown not to hold when a small width of the modulation envelope along with a large value of cavity temperature is maintained.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Recent increases of rainfall and flooding from tropical cyclones (TCs) in North Carolina (USA): implications for organic matter and nutrient cycling in coastal watersheds
Creators: name: Hounshell, A.G.
name: Hall, N.S.
name: Rossignol, K.L.
name: Luettich, R.A., Jr.
name: Harding, L.W., Jr.
name: Barnard, M.A.
name: Paerl, H.W.
name: Osburn, C.L.
name: Bales, J.
name: Rudolph, J.C.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: Coastal North Carolina experienced 36 tropical cyclones (TCs), including three floods of historical significance in the past two decades (Hurricanes Floyd-1999, Matthew-2016 and Florence-2018). These events caused catastrophic flooding and major alterations of water quality, fisheries habitat and ecological conditions of the Albemarle-Pamlico Sound (APS), the second largest estuarine complex in the United States. Continuous rainfall records for coastal NC since 1898 reveal a period of unprecedented high precipitation storm events since the late-1990s. Six of seven of the “wettest” storm events in this > 120-year record occurred in the past two decades, identifying a period of elevated precipitation and flooding associated with recent TCs. We examined storm-related freshwater discharge, carbon (C) and nutrient, i.e., nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loadings, and evaluated contributions to total annual inputs in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE), a major sub-estuary of the APS. These contributions were highly significant, accounting for > 50% of annual loads depending on antecedent conditions and storm-related flooding. Depending on the magnitude of freshwater discharge, the NRE either acted as a “processor” to partially assimilate and metabolize the loads or acted as a “pipeline” to transport the loads to the APS and coastal Atlantic Ocean. Under base-flow, terrestrial sources dominate riverine carbon. During storm events these carbon sources are enhanced through the inundation and release of carbon from wetlands. These findings show that event-scale discharge plays an important and, at times, predominant role in C, N and P loadings. We appear to have entered a new climatic regime characterized by more frequent extreme precipitation events, with major ramifications for hydrology, cycling of C, N and P, water quality and habitat conditions in estuarine and coastal waters.
Recent increase in catastrophic tropical cyclone flooding in coastal North Carolina, USA: Long-term observations suggest a regime shift
Creators: name: Osburn, C.L.
name: Hall, N.S.
name: Luettich, R.A., Jr.
name: Rossignol, K.L.
name: Bales, J.
name: Hounshell, A.G.
name: Paerl, H.W.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: Coastal North Carolina, USA, has experienced three extreme tropical cyclone-driven flood events since 1999, causing catastrophic human impacts from flooding and leading to major alterations of water quality, biogeochemistry, and ecological conditions. The apparent increased frequency and magnitudes of such events led us to question whether this is just coincidence or whether we are witnessing a regime shift in tropical cyclone flooding and associated ecosystem impacts. Examination of continuous rainfall records for coastal NC since 1898 reveals a period of unprecedentedly high precipitation since the late-1990’s, and a trend toward increasingly high precipitation associated with tropical cyclones over the last 120 years. We posit that this trend, which is consistent with observations elsewhere, represents a recent regime shift with major ramifications for hydrology, carbon and nutrient cycling, water and habitat quality and resourcefulness of Mid-Atlantic and possibly other USA coastal regions.
Electrophoresis of electrically neutral porous spheres induced by selective affinity of ions
Creators: name: Uematsu, Yuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility that electrically neutral porous spheres electrophorese in electrolyte solutions with asymmetric affinity of ions to spheres on the basis of electrohydrodynamics and the Poisson-Boltzmann and Debye-Bueche-Brinkman theories. Assuming a weak electric field and ignoring the double-layer polarization, we obtain analytical expressions for electrostatic potential, electrophoretic mobility, and flow field. In the equilibrium state, the Galvani potential forms across the interface of the spheres. Under a weak electric field, the spheres show finite mobility with the same sign as the Galvani potential. When the radius of the spheres is significantly larger than the Debye and hydrodynamic screening length, the mobility monotonically increases with increasing salinity.
description: 11pages, 6 figures
Net energy up-conversion processes in CdSe/CdS (core/shell) quantum dots, a possible pathway to towards optical cooling
Creators: name: Hua, Muchuan
name: Decca, Ricardo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The investigation of the possibility of optical refrigeration (OR) on zinc-blende cadmium selenide/cadmium sulfide (CdSe/CdS) core/shell structure quantum dots (QDs) has been carried out. Quality samples were synthesized in our lab, and significant energy up-conversion photoluminescence (UCPL) was observed in these samples, showing the potential of generating net cooling effects. To better understand and predict the UCPL characteristics of the QDs, a semi-empirical model has been developed, showing good agreement with our experimental results. The model takes into account the corresponding quantum yield and cooling efficiency, predicting the possibility of realizing optical refrigeration on a CdSe QDs system.
Reply to Randall Wright
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Randall Wright has several complimentary things to say about some of my earlier work. I thank him for those remarks. Most of his comment, however, fails to respond or even discuss my current paper, and the main comments he makes about the paper are untrue.
Contrary to Wright my paper does not attack theory or oppose the development of micro foundations for macroeconomics. It is not about economic policy. Nor do I defend the IS-LM model that I spent many years criticizing. I am at a loss to understand how a reader could come away with such ideas or with a belief that I am critical of recent work on economic development and growth.