Anthonympha Moriuti 1971
Creators: name: Cong, Peixin
name: Fan, Ximei
name: Li, Houhun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Plutellidae
Anthonympha

description: Genus Anthonympha Moriuti, 1971
Anthonympha Moriuti, 1971: 251. Type species: Calantica oxydelta Meyrick, 1913, by original designation.
Generic characters. Adult with vertex rough, frons smooth. Ocellus absent. Tongue developed. Antenna about 3/4 length of forewing; scape with pecten. Labial palpus slightly upturned, third segment slightly longer than second. Maxillary palpus 3-segmented, very short. Forewing lanceolate or elongately ovate, costal margin often alternately with three or four white and yellowish brown strigulae from about middle to 3/4, dorsum with a large median fascia often apically meeting costal strigulae, termen slightly concave inward below apex; venation (Fig. 2) with R1 from before middle of cell, extending to before costa, R3 from upper angle of cell, R4 and R5 short-stalked or separated, M3 and CuA1 separated or coincident at lower angle of cell, 1A+2A long-forked basally; pterostigma developed. Hindwing usually lanceolate, cilia with length 1.5 times of maximum width; venation with Sc+R1 reaching about 2/ 3 length of costa, M1 and M2 separated or coincident, M3 and CuA1 connate at lower angle of cell, stalked or separated, CuA2 from before lower angle of cell. Hind tibia smooth, median spur at anterior 2/5.
Male genitalia (Fig. 4 c): Uncus rudimentary. Socius elongate horn-shaped, covered with long setae. Tuba analis with a sclerotized longitudinal median band basally on ventral surface. Gnathos a narrow or wide transverse band, often with varied median projection. Tegumen often wider than long, broadly concave at middle on anterior margin. Valva usually widened distally, with a triangular or thorn-shaped process arising from dorsal corner at base, in some species with spindle-shaped spines along both inner margin of apex and ventral margin; transtilla narrowly banded, often arched backward; sacculus ill-defined. Juxta membranous. Aedeagus longer or shorter than valva; coecum penis slightly expanded; cornutus present or absent.
Female genitalia (Fig. 5 c): Apophyses anteriores forked basally. Lamella postvaginalis merged with ventral branch of apophyses anteriores, bearing long setae on posterior margin. Ostium bursae open near posterior margin of seventh sternite. Antrum heavily sclerotized; ductus bursae usually membranous; ductus seminalis arising from base of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae membranous, signum absent.
Biology. The biology of Anthonympha remains unknown.
Diagnosis. Anthonympha is distinguishable by the combination of the following characters: the white forewing having three or four yellowish brown strigulae alternated with three or four white strigulae approximately between 1/2 and 3/4 of costal margin, and distal 1/4 of costal margin usually darkened, the dorsum with a large median fascia often apically meeting costal strigulae; the elongate horn-shaped socius, the gnathos being a transverse band often with varied median projection, the distally widened valva often with spindle-shaped spines along both inner margin of apex and ventral margin, and the transtilla narrowly banded in the male genitalia; the apophyses anteriores forked basally and the signum absent in the female genitalia.
Discussion. Moriuti (1974) divided the four described species into two groups based on wing venations, which was followed by Ponomarenko (2015). According to our present study, the wing venation does not show clear division in separating species. In A. truncata sp. nov. and A. ligulacea sp. nov., veins M3 and CuA1 are separated in the forewing and connate in the hindwing (Figs 2 b, 2d); in A. trapezia sp. nov., veins M3 and CuA1 are separated in both fore- and hindwings (Fig. 2 c); and in A. reniforma sp. nov., veins M3 and CuA1 are separated in the forewing and stalked in the hindwing (Fig. 2 e).
Moriuti (1971) stated that the socius was completely fused with the gnathos in the male genitalia when establishing the genus Anthonympha. Ponomarenk (2015) stated the absence of the gnathos in describing the new species A. rossica. We regard the transversely banded structure as gnathos after having examined all the five Chinese species.
description: Published as part of Cong, Peixin, Fan, Ximei & Li, Houhun, 2016, Review of the genus Anthonympha Moriuti, 1971 (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 285-295 in Zootaxa 4105 (3) on pages 285-288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4105.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/267323