cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Recirculating and revitalizing words: Lexical legacies in Native American language preservation
Creators: name: O'Neill, Sean
name: Schwartz, Saul
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2021

description: While scholars often stress that language consists of much more than words, words may nevertheless be the most salient unit of analysis and action for speakers, learners, and other community members involved in language preservation. The prominence of words in metalinguistic awareness shapes how community members respond to language shift and can inform locally relevant goals and methods for language maintenance and revitalization. Developing previous research on the significance of words and names in Native America, we argue that words draw their importance from how they are used in social life as well as from the metalinguistic discourses and stories associated with them. In the Plains Apache, Hupa, and Ponca cases described here, words serve as markers of social relations, keys to historical experiences and worldviews, and signs of collective identity. Promoting the use and knowledge of words and their stories may be a more meaningful revitalization goal than increasing the number of fluent speakers in communities where members view their language primarily in terms of words and are concerned particularly about cultural fluency. Lexically-focused language revitalization activities also have the potential to give new relevance to legacy wordlists and texts.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 21 (2021): Special Issue on the Social Lives of Linguistic Legacy Materials
title: Legacy materials and cultural facework: Obscenity and bad words in Siouan language documentation
Creators: name: Schwartz, Saul
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2021

description: There is a tension in language documentation between the goal of producing: (1) a comprehensive record of endangered languages; and (2) a selective record that displays consciously curated images of indigenous cultural heritage. Drawing on ethnographic and archival research on how community linguists handle obscenity and bad words in Siouan language documentation, I reframe the problem of “thoroughness versus prudishness” (Hinton & Weigel 2002: 166) as a process of cultural facework (Goffman 1967), strategies that participants use to manage their social self-presentation in fieldwork as well as in the representations of culture circulated in the resulting documentary materials. Cultural facework requires participants in language documentation projects to be strategic in order to “project a good image of the speakers and their culture” (Mithun 2014: 27). In Siouan language documentation, three factors complicate cultural facework: (1) extensive collections of legacy materials; (2) the cultural value attributed to potentially obscene and therefore censored or concealed material; and (3) social conflict over how sensitive material should be handled. There is no solution to or escape from the process of facework, there is only further facework, i.e., additional and potentially controversial acts of censorship or disclosure designed to present a particular social image of a community and its culture.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 21 (2021): Special Issue on the Social Lives of Linguistic Legacy Materials
Study of the electromagnetic transition form-factors in η-> μ^+μ^-γand ω-> μ^+μ^-π^0 decays with NA60
Creators: name: NA60 Collaboration
name: Arnaldi, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NA60 experiment at the CERN SPS has studied low-mass muon pairs in 158A GeV In-In collisions. The mass and pT spectra associated with peripheral collisions can quantitatively be described by the known neutral meson decays. The high data quality has allowed to remeasure the electromagnetic transition form factors of the Dalitz decays η-> μ^+μ^-γand ω-> μ^+μ^-π^0. Using the usual pole approximation F = (1-M_{μμ}^{2}/Λ^{2})^{-1} for the form factors, we find Λ^{-2} (in GeV^{-2}) to be 1.95+-0.17(stat.)+-0.05(syst.) for the ηand 2.24+-0.06(stat.)+-0.02(syst.) for the ω. While the values agree with previous results from the Lepton-G experiment, the errors are greatly improved, confirming now on the level of 10σthe strong enhancement of the ωform factor beyond the expectation from vector meson dominance. An improved value of the branching ratio BR(ω-> μ^+μ^-π^0) = [1.73+-0.25(stat.)+-0.14(syst.)]*10^{-4} has been obtained as a byproduct.
description: Submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Documenting language and discerning listenership: Fluent speakers’ evaluations of Dakota’s oldest legacy texts.
Creators: name: Wayt, Josh
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2021

description: This paper follows ethnopoetic tradition by combining close linguistic analysis with ethnographic scrutiny in order to shed light on the social production of the oldest legacy data on the Dakota language, a set of biblical translations published in 1839. Semantic calques from the French-language source text are ubiquitous in the translations, which subsequently became enregistered as “theological speech” through their use in Dakota religious services for nearly two centuries. Despite the morpho-syntactic aberrance of this legacy material and the interpretive problems it poses, contemporary Dakota speakers express very high praise for the text. I account for this surprising evaluation by describing Dakota ideas related to skilled speaking, discerning listenership, and the autonomy of persons. In particular, I show that the semantically and grammatically unorthodox biblical translations satisfy Dakota expectations about skilled speakers’ habit of producing oblique discourse that allows autonomous listeners to practice careful discernment. Within the Hymesian tradition of textual analysis, uncovering the poetic patterns latent within legacy data culminated in a more meaningful text by displaying the individual voice of a skilled narrator. This paper instead highlights the collective listenership of the descendant community and the cultural values that animate their appraisals of legacy material.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 21 (2021): Special Issue on the Social Lives of Linguistic Legacy Materials
title: Variational Asymptotic Method for Unit Cell Homogenization of Thermomechanical Behavior of Composite Materials
Creators: name: Teng, Chong
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2013

description: To seek better material behaviors, the research of material properties has been massively carried out in both industrial and academic fields throughout the twentieth century. Composite materials are known for their abilities of combining constituent materials in or- der to fulfill the desirable overall material performance. One of the advantages of composite materials is the adjustment between stiffness and lightness of materials in order to meet the needs of various engineering designs. Even though the finite element analysis is mature, composites are heterogeneous in nature and can present difficulties at the structural level with the acceptable computational time. A way of simplifying such problems is to find a way to connect structural analysis with corresponding analysis of representative microstructure of the material, which is normally called micromechanics modeling or homogenization.Generally speaking, the goal of homogenization is to predict a precise material behavior by taking into account the information stored in both microscopic and macroscopic levels of the composites. Of special concern to researchers and engineers is the thermomechanical behavior of composite materials since thermal effect is almost everywhere in real practical cases of engineering. In aerospace engineering, the thermomechanical behaviors of composites are even more important since flight under high speed usually produces a large amount of heat which will cause very high thermal-related deformation and stress.In this dissertation, the thermomechanical behavior of composites will be studied based on the variational asymptotic method for unit cell homogenization (VAMUCH) which was recently developed as an efficient and accurate micromechanics modeling tool. The theories and equations within the code are based on the variational asymptotic method invented by Prof. Berdichevsky. For problems involving small parameters, the traditional asymptotic method is often applied by solving a system of differential equations while the variational asymptotic method is using a variational statement that only solves one functional of such problems where the traditional asymptotic method may apply.First, we relax the assumption made by traditional linear thermoelasticity that not only a small overall strain is assumed to be small but also the temperature variation. Of course, in this case we need to add temperature dependent material properties to VAMUCH so that the secant material properties can be calculated. Then, we consider the temperature field to be point-wise different within the microstructure; a micromechanics model with nonuniformly distributed temperature field will be addressed. Finally, the internal and external loads induced energies are considered in order to handle real engineering structures under their working conditions.
A Possível adesão brasileira ao acordo de contratos públicos da OMC
Creators: name: Fortini, Cristiana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 180103 Administrative Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: No começo deste ano, o Presidente da República anunciou que, em respeito do contribuinte e específico licitações mais transparentes, decidira pela adesão do Brasil ao Acordo dos Contratos Públicos da Organização Mundial do Comércio
title: Konpetentzia digitalak. Graduko ikasleentzako formakuntza materialak: 2. Komunikazioa eta lankidetza 2.5. Identitate digitalaren kudeaketa: 2.5.3. Aztarna digitala
title: Competencias digitales. Materiales de formación para estudiantes de grado: 2. Comunicación y colaboración 2.5. Gestión de la identidad digital: 2.5.3. Huella digital
Creators: name: CRUE-REBIUN
name: Mondragon Unibertsitatea
Publisher: name: Mondragon Unibertsitatea
Year: 2020

description: - Zer da eta zerk osatzen du zure aztarna digitala? Sare sozialetako jarduera, Bilatzaileak erabiltzea eta webguneak, blogak keta abar bisitatzea, Telefono mugikorrak, tabletak eta haien aplikazioak erabiltzea.
- Zergatik zaindu zure aztarna digitala?
- Nola kudeatu zure aztarna digitala?
- Gehiago jakiteko...
description: - ¿Qué es y qué conforma tu huella digital? Actividad en las redes sociales, Uso de buscadores y visitas a páginas web, blogs etc., Uso de teléfonos móviles, tabletas y sus aplicaciones.
- ¿Por qué cuidar tu huella digital?
- ¿Cómo gestionar tu huella digital?
- Para saber más...
Identifying Performance Challenges in Consistency Preserving View-Based Environments
Creators: name: König, Lars
name: Weber, Thomas
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI)
Year: 2023
Subjects: consistency preservation
model driven engineering
performance
view-based development

description: The development of systems, e.g., software systems or cyber-physical systems, becomes more and more complex. Successful approaches for reducing the complexity of their development are view-based model-driven approaches, where developers see only the relevant part of the system for a specific task. As these views still show the same system, their content may be semantically related and changes on one view might require changes on other views to keep them consistent. Although already used in industry, view-based approaches are still not a mature field of research and especially performance is often not a focus in their development. For industrial application, however, performance is crucial, as tools can otherwise become unusable with the extensive sizes of industrial models. To target this problem, we identify possible performance challenges of consistency preserving view-based environments and provide ideas on how to overcome them.
Interdisciplinary aspirations and disciplinary archives: Losing and finding John M. Weatherby’s Soo data
Creators: name: Beer, Samuel J.
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2021

description: As theorized in language documentation, archives serve to make research reproducible and to make primary data accessible for multiple audiences (Himmelmann 2006; Berez-Kroeker et al. 2018). Scholars in the emerging mid-20th-century field of African history emphasized these same priorities. Mid-century Africanist historians assembled large text collections but failed in a clearly stated disciplinary project to preserve them in accessible archives. This paper explores the relationship between institutional and social factors in data preservation through the story of audio recordings and field notes documenting Soo (Uganda: Kuliak/Nilo-Saharan) collected in the mid-20th century by Makerere University history PhD student John M. Weatherby. For decades, Weatherby struggled and failed to find an institutional home for his materials, which were nearly lost amid changing disciplinary trends. I encountered them only through informal social interactions in 2018 and have subsequently been depositing them in a language archive. The slide of Weatherby’s data into obscurity shows how archiving is inherently a disciplinary practice. Institutions intending to preserve data rose and fell with changing disciplinary paradigms, but Weatherby’s data were preserved through personal relationships. Despite a common emphasis on technical and institutional initiatives for archiving, the relational contexts of legacy materials are central to their preservation.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 21 (2021): Special Issue on the Social Lives of Linguistic Legacy Materials
Philology in the folklore archive: Interpreting past documentation of the Kraasna dialect of Estonian
Creators: name: Weber, Tobias
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2021

description: In this paper I share my experience of studying past documentation of the extinct Kraasna variety of South Estonian without access to native speakers, their descendants,or the researchers who conducted fieldwork in the community. After an overview of the historical and sociolinguistic contexts for early 20th-century Kraasna documentation projects, I illustrate the work I had to do to reconstruct information about Kraasna legacy materials in order to use them in my own research. The main obstacle lay in incomplete information about the original researchers and consultants, the circumstances of their fieldwork, and the methods utilised to produce the documentary artefacts that are available to work with today. The process of reconstructing this information led me to realise that the philological work of restoring the meta-documentation behind a project has as much academic value as the initial recording of material or the subsequent linguistic description. At the same time, the work of editing and curating legacy materials folds secondary researchers into the picture that they reconstruct about previous documentation. Thus, users of legacy materials need to adopt a reflexive stance on their own role in the research process…
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 21 (2021): Special Issue on the Social Lives of Linguistic Legacy Materials
title: Verification and Validation of the Spalart-Allmaras Turbulence Model for Strand Grids
Creators: name: Tong, Oisin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2013

description: The strand-Cartesian grid approach is a unique method of generating and computing fluid dynamic simulations. The strand-Cartesian approach provides highly desirable qualities of fully-automatic grid generation and high-order accuracy. This thesis focuses on the implementation of the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model to the strand-Cartesian grid framework. Verification and validation is required to ensure correct implementation of the turbulence model.Mathematical code verification is used to ensure correct implementation of new algorithms within the code framework. The Spalart-Allmaras model is verified with the Method of Manufactured Solutions (MMS). MMS shows second-order convergence, which implies that the new algorithms are correctly implemented.Validation of the strand-Cartesian solver is completed by simulating certain cases for comparison against the results of two independent compressible codes; CFL3D and FUN3D. The NASA-Langley turbulence resource provided the inputs and conditions required to run the cases, as well as the case results for these two codes. The strand solver showed excellent agreement with both NASA resource codes for a zero-pressure gradient flat plate and bump- in-channel. The treatment of the sharp corner on a NACA 0012 airfoil is investigated, resulting in an optimal external sharp corner configuration of strand vector smoothing with a base Cartesian grid and telescoping Cartesian refinement around the trailing edge. Results from the case agree well with those from CFL3D and FUN3D. Additionally, a NACA 4412 airfoil case is examined, and shows good agreement with CFL3D and FUN3D, resulting in validation for this case.
title: Influence of Mountain Pine Beetle on Fuels, Foliar Fuel Moisture Content, and Litter and Volatile Terpenes in Whitebark Pine
Creators: name: Toone, Chelsea
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2013

description: Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) has caused extensive tree mortality in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm) forests. Previous studies conducted in various conifer forests have shown that fine surface fuels are significantly altered during a bark beetle outbreak. Bark beetle activity in conifer stands has also been shown to alter foliar fuel moisture content and chemistry over the course of the bark beetle rotation.The objective of this study was to evaluate changes to fine surface fuels, foliar fuel moisture and chemistry and litter chemistry in and under whitebark pine trees infested by mountain pine beetle. Fuels were measured beneath green (healthy) trees compared to red (two years since initial MPB attack with 50% or greater needles remaining) and gray (greater than two years since attack with between 15% and 45% needles remaining) trees. Foliar moisture content was measured in four mountain pine beetle crown condition classes: green-uninfested, green-infested (current year’s attack), yellow (last year’s attack), and red. Total terpene content was analyzed in whitebark pine needle litter and volatile terpenes were collected and analyzed from green, green-infested, yellow, and red trees.Significant differences were found in litter depths under green, red, and graytrees. Duff depths were significantly less beneath green trees than red and gray trees. One hour and ten hour fuels were more influenced by diameter and crown size than beetle crown condition classes. Foliar fuel moisture content dramatically decreased from green-infested to the red beetle crown condition class. No differences were detected in shrub and forb biomass between green, red, and gray trees. Green-infested trees had significantly lower foliar fuel moisture than green trees and by late in the season showed fuel moisture levels similar to red trees which had the lowest fuel moisture content. Litter beneath red trees contained large amounts of terpenes, including compounds known to increase foliage flammability that remain in the litter throughout the fire season. Total terpene content emitted from red foliage is greater than green-infested or yellow foliage.
Possível adesão brasileira ao acordo de contratos públicos da OMC
Creators: name: Fortini, Cristiana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 180103 Administrative Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: No começo deste ano, o Presidente da República anunciou que, em respeito do contribuinte e específico licitações mais transparentes, decidira pela adesão do Brasil ao Acordo dos Contratos Públicos da Organização Mundial do Comércio
The Arapesh “suitcase miracle”: The interpretive value of reproducible research
Creators: name: Dobrin, Lise
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2021

description: Recent discussions about reproducibility in linguistics emphasize that access to the original documentation allows analyses to be checked against the data that underlie them. But every annotated recording is itself always an interpretation, with some information and perspectives highlighted and some obscured. For this reason, access to the original documentation offers something better than scientific accountability: it offers a view into the underlying acts of interpretation made by other researchers and the consultants and assistants they worked with. These acts of interpretation – even problematic or “incorrect” ones – can generate insight into both linguistic structure and the social relations developed and mobilized in the context of research. This point is illustrated through analysis of legacy documentation of the Bukiyip variety of Arapesh (Papua New Guinea), which was collected fifty years ago by SIL linguist Robert Conrad and transcribed by a native speaker. Analyzing the transcribed texts against the original recordings shows the transcriptions to be problematic, with significant stretches of speech elided and “corrections” introduced by the transcriber. Yet these discrepancies do something more valuable than disconfirm the texts’ validity: they reveal linguistic patterns that would otherwise go undetected, and in some cases are only detectable now because of...
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 21 (2021): Special Issue on the Social Lives of Linguistic Legacy Materials
Properties of active galactic star-forming regions probed by imaging spectroscopy with the Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) onboard AKARI
Creators: name: Okada, Yoko
name: Kawada, Mitsunobu
name: Murakami, Noriko
name: Ootsubo, Takafumi
name: Takahashi, Hidenori
name: Yasuda, Akiko
name: Ishihara, Daisuke
name: Kaneda, Hidehiro
name: Kataza, Hirokazu
name: Nakagawa, Takao
name: Onaka, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the structure of the interstellar medium (ISM) and identify the location of possible embedded excitation sources from far-infrared (FIR) line and mid-infrared continuum emission maps. We carried out imaging spectroscopic observations of four giant Galactic star-forming regions with the Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) onboard AKARI. We obtained [OIII] 88 micron and [CII] 158 micron line intensity maps of all the regions: G3.270-0.101, G333.6-0.2, NGC3603, and M17. For G3.270-0.101, we obtained high-spatial-resolution [OIII] 88 micron line-emission maps and a FIR continuum map for the first time, which imply that [OIII] 88 micron emission identifies the excitation sources more clearly than the radio continuum emission. In G333.6-0.2, we found a local [OIII] 88 micron emission peak, which is indicative of an excitation source. This is supported by the 18 micron continuum emission, which is considered to trace the hot dust distribution. For all regions, the [CII] 158 micron emission is distributed widely as suggested by previous observations of star-forming regions. We conclude that [OIII] 88 micron emission traces the excitation sources more accurately than the radio continuum emission, especially where there is a high density and/or column density gradient. The FIR spectroscopy provides a promising means of understanding the nature of star-forming regions.
description: 14 pages with 15 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
The social lives of linguistic legacy materials
Creators: name: Dobrin, Lise
name: Schwartz, Saul
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2021

description: Documentary linguistic data may be acquired not only firsthand, but by consulting materials that were produced by scholars, missionaries, speakers, and others in the past. Such linguistic legacy materials may reside in an archive or in an individual’s private collection, or they may be embedded in published literature that was created for purposes other than linguistics. In this introduction to a special issue of Language Documentation and Description, we explore some of the reasons why linguistic legacy materials, while potentially treasure troves of evidence and insight, are nevertheless challenging to use. The main challenge, we argue, is inherent in the very nature of such materials: inasmuch as they are the products of past human meaning-making activity, they are invested with the goals, knowledge, points of view, and circumstances of those who were involved in their creation. To that extent, legacy materials can be said to possess social lives that originate in the past and that continue to unfold over time as they are accessed, analyzed, or put to new uses. The articles published together here tell the “biographies” of linguistic legacy materials in particular instances, drawing lessons for all who revisit and recirculate data from the past and offering perspective...
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 21 (2021): Special Issue on the Social Lives of Linguistic Legacy Materials
Entering a New Dimension in Powder Processing for Advanced Ceramics Shaping
Creators: name: Sänger, Johanna Christiane
name: Pauw, Brian Richard
name: Riechers, Birte
name: Zocca, Andrea
name: Rosalie, Julian
name: Maaß, Robert
name: Sturm, Heinz
name: Günster, Jens
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik::660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: ceramics
subject: meta materials
subject: powder processing
subject: transparency
subject: two‐photon polymerization
subject: yttria‐stabilized zirconia

description: Filigree structures can be manufactured via two‐photon polymerization (2PP) operating in the regime of nonlinear light absorption. For the first time, it is possible to apply this technique to the powder processing of ceramic structures with a feature size in the range of the critical defect sizes responsible for brittle fracture and, thus, affecting fracture toughness of high‐performance ceramics. In this way, tailoring of advanced properties can be achieved already in the shaping process. Traditionally, 2PP relies on transparent polymerizable resins, which are diametrically opposed to the usually completely opaque ceramic resins and slurries. Here a transparent and photocurable suspension of nanoparticles (resin) with very high mass fractions of yttria‐stabilized zirconia particles (YSZ) is presented. Due to the extremely well‐dispersed nanoparticles, scattering of light can be effectively suppressed at the process‐relevant wavelength of 800 nm. Sintered ceramic structures with a resolution of down to 500 nm are obtained. Even at reduced densities of 1–4 g cm−3, the resulting compressive strength with 4.5 GPa is equivalent or even exceeding bulk monolithic yttria‐stabilized zirconia. A ceramic metamaterial is born, where the mechanical properties of yttria‐stabilized zirconia are altered by changing geometrical parameters, and gives access to a new class of ceramic materials.
title: Winter Ecology of Waterfowl on the Great Salt Lake, Utah
Creators: name: Vest, Josh L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2013

description: I designed a suite of studies in coordination with Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR) to evaluate waterfowl use of the GSL in winter and ecological aspects associated with GSL use. These studies provided insight into key information gaps previously identified by UDWR regarding management of GSL resources. Population surveys indicated total duck abundance was low when GSL surface elevations were low and wetland resources diminished because of persistent drought in the system. Also, ducks appear to use hypersaline parts of GSL more when freshwater habitats are limited from either drought or ice conditions. Common goldeneye, northern shoveler, and green-winged teal exhibited the most use of hypersaline areas. Dietary evaluations indicated all three species feed on hypersaline invertebrates from GSL to meet energetic and nutritional needs in winter. Brine shrimp cysts were important foods for northern shoveler and green-winged teal. Fat levels of ducks are important determinants of survival and fitness. Fat reserves of goldeneye were generally lower in the winter when both GSL and wetland habitat resources were lower. Results suggest brine fly larvae productivity, freshwater habitat availability, and temperature and wind speed likely play a more prominent role in goldeneye fat reserves than osmoregulation. Also, common goldeneye and northern shoveler using the GSL apparently accumulated biologically concerning amounts of mercury and selenium during winter. However, further research is needed to evaluate the effect of these elements on GSL ducks.
Semirelativistic N-boson systems bound by attractive pair potentials
Creators: name: Hall, Richard L.
name: Lucha, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish bounds on the energy of a system of N identical bosons bound by attractive pair potentials and obeying the semirelativistic Salpeter equation. The lower bound is provided by a `reduction', with the aid of Jacobi relative coordinates, to a suitably scaled one-body Klein-Gordon problem. Complementary upper energy bounds are provided by means of a Gaussian trial function. Detailed results are presented for the exponential pair potential V(r) = -v\exp(-r/a).
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
title: Substrate Binding and Reduction Mechanism of Molybdenum Nitrogenase
Creators: name: Yang, Zhiyong
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2013

description: As a key constituent of proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules, nitrogen is essential to all living organisms including human beings. Dinitrogen represents the largest pool of nitrogen, about 79% of the Earth’s atmosphere, yet it is unusable by most living organisms due to its inertness. There are two ways to fix this inert dinitrogen to usable ammonia. One is the industrial Haber-Bosch process, which needs to be conducted at high temperature and pressure. This process uses a lot of the non-renewable fossil fuel as the energy source. The other major pathway is the biological nitrogen fixation carried out by some microorganisms called diazotrophs. The usable nitrogen output from this biological pathway ultimately supports an estimated 60% of the human population’s demand for nitrogen.The catalyst responsible for the biological nitrogen fixation is called nitrogenase, the most studied form of which contains molybdenum and iron in its active center, so called molybdenum nitrogenase. The work in this dissertation attempts to understand howthis biological catalyst breaks down dinitrogen to ammonia by application of different modern techniques. Firstly, an approach was developed to understand the stepwise reduction mechanism of dinitrogen to ammonia by molybdenum nitrogenase.The second goal of my research is to understand the roles of iron and molybdenum centers in nitrogenase function. My results using carbon monoxide as a probe for genetically modified molybdenum nitrogenase indicate that iron should be the metal sites functioning for nitrogen fixation. This is further supported by another study aimed at understanding the role of molybdenum during nitrogenase functioning.Moreover, an approach was developed to understand the mechanism for the obligatory production of hydrogen gas when nitrogenase activates dinitrogen for reduction. The same study also suggests possible pathways for the addition of hydrogenous species to nitrogen to produce ammonia.As part of this work, we also found that remodeled nitrogenases can use poisonous carbon monoxide and greenhouse-gas carbon dioxide to produce useful hydrocarbons by coupling one or more small molecules, which is hard to be achieved by other catalysts. Further study of these new reactions might give us deep insights on nitrogenase mechanism and inspire scientists to design better catalysts for relevant industrial processes.
Stationary Metrics and Optical Zermelo-Randers-Finsler Geometry
Creators: name: Gibbons, G. W.
name: Herdeiro, C. A. R.
name: Warnick, C. M.
name: Werner, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a triality between the Zermelo navigation problem, the geodesic flow on a Finslerian geometry of Randers type, and spacetimes in one dimension higher admitting a timelike conformal Killing vector field. From the latter viewpoint, the data of the Zermelo problem are encoded in a (conformally) Painleve-Gullstrand form of the spacetime metric, whereas the data of the Randers problem are encoded in a stationary generalisation of the usual optical metric. We discuss how the spacetime viewpoint gives a simple and physical perspective on various issues, including how Finsler geometries with constant flag curvature always map to conformally flat spacetimes and that the Finsler condition maps to either a causality condition or it breaks down at an ergo-surface in the spacetime picture. The gauge equivalence in this network of relations is considered as well as the connection to analogue models and the viewpoint of magnetic flows. We provide a variety of examples.
description: 37 pages, 6 figures
The Decline of Natural Law: How American Lawyers Once Used Natural Law and Why They Stopped. By Stuart Banner. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp 264. Hardcover, $55.00.
Creators: name:  Wieboldt III, Dennis J.
Publisher: name: Essays in History
Year: 2023

description: Essays in History, Vol. 56 No. 1 (2023): Essays in History
title: Conventional and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Pinyon Juniper Biomass
Creators: name: Yathavan, Bhuvanesh Kumar
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2013

description: Pinyon and juniper are invasive woody species which has occupied more than 47 million acres of land in Western United States. Pinyon juniper woodlands domination decreases the herbaceous vegetation, increase bare lands which in turn increases soil erosion and nutrition loss. Thus, The US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has focused on harvesting these woody species to make room for herbaceous vegetation. The major application of harvested pinyon-juniper (PJ) is low value firewood. Thus, there is a need to develop new high value products from this woody biomass to reduce the cost of harvesting. In this study pyrolysis was carried out to investigate the feasibility of converting pinyon juniper biomass to value added products. The first part of the study was focused on biomass characterization, and effect of biomass type on product yields. The second part focuses on optimization of process parameters on product yields. The third part focuses on catalytic pyrolysis for improving the quality of bio-oil. In this study it has been shown that pinyon juniper biomass could be effectively used as biomass in fast pyrolysis and red mud, an industrial waste could be used as catalyst in catalytic pyrolysis to improve the quality of the bio-oil.
Understanding and Minimizing VOC Losses in All‐Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics
Creators: name: Thiesbrummel, Jarla
name: Peña‐Camargo, Francisco
name: Brinkmann, Kai Oliver
name: Gutierrez‐Partida, Emilio
name: Yang, Fengjiu
name: Warby, Jonathan
name: Albrecht, Steve
name: Neher, Dieter
name: Riedl, Thomas
name: Snaith, Henry J.
name: Stolterfoht, Martin
name: Lang, Felix
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: all‐perovskite tandem
subject: efficiency potential
subject: photovoltaics
subject: recombination losses
subject: subcell‐selective diagnosis

description: Understanding performance losses in all‐perovskite tandem photovoltaics is crucial to accelerate advancements toward commercialization, especially since these tandem devices generally underperform in comparison to what is expected from isolated layers and single junction devices. Here, the individual sub‐cells in all‐perovskite tandem stacks are selectively characterized to disentangle the various losses. It is found that non‐radiative losses in the high‐gap subcell dominate the overall recombination in the baseline system, as well as in the majority of literature reports. Through a multi‐faceted approach, the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of the high‐gap perovskite subcell is enhanced by 120 mV. Employing a novel (quasi) lossless indium oxide interconnect, this enables all‐perovskite tandem solar cells with 2.00 V VOC and 23.7% stabilized efficiency. Reducing transport losses as well as imperfect energy‐alignments boosts efficiencies to 25.2% and 27.0% as identified via subcell selective electro‐ and photo‐luminescence. Finally, it is shown how, having improved the VOC, improving the current density of the low‐gap absorber pushes efficiencies even further, reaching 25.9% efficiency stabilized, with an ultimate potential of 30.0% considering the bulk quality of both absorbers measured using photo‐luminescence. These insights not only show an optimization example but also a generalizable evidence‐based optimization strategy utilizing optoelectronic sub‐cell characterization.
title: Influence of microphytic crusts on selected soil physical and hydrologic properties in the Hartnet Draw, Capitol Reef National Park, Utah.
Creators: name: Williams, John Dana
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1993

description: Microphytic crust influences on selected physical and hydrologic soil properties were examined at one location in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. Designed experiments were conducted in a sandy loam soil where microphytic crusts were present without the concomitant development of confounding physical or chemical soil conditions. Three treatments were used for all experiments: control, chemically killed (microphytes killed but left in place), and scalped (microphytic crusts mechanically removed).
A portable wind tunnel was used to deter-nine if microphytic crusts contribute to soil stability and reduce the erosive effect of wind. Significantly lower threshold friction velocity and greater wind-entrained material were recorded in the scalped treatment than in the control or chemically killed treatments. These results are evidence that microphytic crusts significantly contribute to reducing the erosive force of wind at this site.
A dripper system was used in situ to determine if microphytic crusts influence effective saturated hydraulic conductivity. There were no significant differences among treatments. This result is evidence that microphytic crusts have a minimal influence, if any, on effective saturated hydraulic conductivity at this site.
Rainfall simulation was used to determine if microphytic crusts influence hydrologic properties of time to ponding, time to runoff, and infiltration capacity. Rainfall was simulated for 90 minutes after runoff began. Simulated rainfall also was used to determine if microphytic crusts influence interrill erosion. Time to ponding and time to runoff were significantly shorter in the control and chemically killed treatments than in the scalped treatment. However, infiltration capacity was not significantly different among treatments during any five-minute period within the 90 minutes that runoff occurred. Microphytic crusts apparently reduce initial entry of water into the soil profile; however, once infiltration has begun, they do not inhibit or enhance infiltration capacity at this site.
Interrill erosion was nearly constant from the control treatment throughout simulated rainfall events. Significantly greater interrill erosion occurred in the chemically killed treatment compared to control and scalped treatments. Interrill erosion in the scalped treatment was significantly greater than in the control treatment after 30 minutes and through 90 minutes. These results are evidence that microphytic crusts, when composed of living, undisturbed microphytes, resist the erosive effect of rainfall and contribute to the soil stability of this site.
Interstellar Metastable Helium Absorption as a Probe of the Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate
Creators: name: Indriolo, Nick
name: Hobbs, L. M.
name: Hinkle, K. H.
name: McCall, Benjamin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ionization rate of interstellar material by cosmic rays has been a major source of controversy, with different estimates varying by three orders of magnitude. Observational constraints of this rate have all depended on analyzing the chemistry of various molecules that are produced following cosmic-ray ionization, and in many cases these analyses contain significant uncertainties. Even in the simplest case (H3+) the derived ionization rate depends on an (uncertain) estimate of the absorption path length. In this paper we examine the feasibility of inferring the cosmic-ray ionization rate using the 10830 A absorption line of metastable helium. Observations through the diffuse clouds toward HD 183143 are presented, but yield only an upper limit on the metastable helium column density. A thorough investigation of He+ chemistry reveals that only a small fraction of He+ will recombine into the triplet state and populate the metastable level. In addition, excitation to the triplet manifold of helium by secondary electrons must be accounted for as it is the dominant mechanism which produces He* in some environments. Incorporating these various formation and destruction pathways, we derive new equations for the steady state abundance of metastable helium. Using these equations in concert with our observations, we find zeta_He < 1.2*10^-15 s^-1, an upper limit about 5 times larger than the ionization rate previously inferred for this sight line using H3+. While observations of interstellar He* are extremely difficult at present...
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Joaquin Murieta: Fact, Fiction and Folklore
Creators: name: Gordon, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1983

description: This work explores the legendary 19th-century California bandit Joaquin Murieta as he is manifest in the history, literature and folklore of the West. The first section of the work examines in some detail the historical milieu which gave rise to widespread banditry during the California gold rush, at which time Murieta is said to have been active. The second section traces the development of the literary hero Joaquin Murieta from his creation by John Rollin Ridge through a number of American, Mexican, Chilean, Spanish and French incarnations. Section three similarly traces Murieta as a folk hero through a cycle of legends perpetuated by California's Anglo-American folk community.
Section four of the work returns to history, examining in some detail the evolving relationship between California's Mexican-American and Anglo-American populations in the century following the gold rush. The fifth section explores Murieta's development and perpetuation as a folk hero in the~ Mexican-American folk community. The work's final section examines some dynamic mechanisms at work in the evolution of Murieta folk lore, and suggests some directions for further study.
N-body simulations in modified Newtonian dynamics
Creators: name: Nipoti, Carlo
name: Londrillo, Pasquale
name: Ciotti, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe some results obtained with N-MODY, a code for N-body simulations of collisionless stellar systems in modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). We found that a few fundamental dynamical processes are profoundly different in MOND and in Newtonian gravity with dark matter. In particular, violent relaxation, phase mixing and galaxy merging take significantly longer in MOND than in Newtonian gravity, while dynamical friction is more effective in a MOND system than in an equivalent Newtonian system with dark matter.
description: 4 pages, no figures. To appear in EAS Publication Series (Proceedings of Symposium 7 of the JENAM 2008, Vienna)
Results on Position Monitoring and Dispacement (Omega-Like Device) by Means of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for the BTeV Detector
Creators: name: L. Benussi
name: M. Bertani
name: S. Bianco
name: M.A. Caponero
name: D. Colonna
name: F. Di Falco
name: F.L. Fabbri
name: F. Felli
name: M. Giardoni
name: A. La Monaca
name: F.Massa
name: B. Ortenzi
name: M. Pallotta
name: A. Paolozzi
name: L. Passamonti
name: D.Pierluigi
name: A. Russo
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2003

description: We propose to use Fiber Bragg Grating sensors for position monitoring of silicon tracking detectors up to a micron precision. We also introduce the concept of a device (the Omega-like device) which, instrumented with FBG sensors, is able to relocate moving structures with a 10 micron precision. We show R&D results including long term stability, resolution, radiation hardness and  characterization of Fiber Bragg Grating sensors used to monitor structure deformation, repositioning, and surveying of silicon detectors in High Energy Physics.
title: Dispersion of the Host Specific Phytophagous Insects of Duncecap Larkspur (Delphinium Occidentale) in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah
Creators: name: Bayn, Robert L
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1975

description: Populations of Delphinium occidentale (Ranunculaceae)were monitored over two summers for the presence and dispersion of various life stages of several host specific phytophagous insects. Observations were made at several sites in the Wasatch National Forest east of Logan, Utah. Two species of larkspur aphid (Aphis rociadae and Kakimia wahinkae) were encountered. Although dispersal of alate individuals resulted in widespread infestation of the host plant population, aphids occurred initially on the same one or few plants at each site both springs. Little coexistence of the two species of aphid on the same plant was observed, perhaps because they partitioned the host plant resource according to light intensity under the incomplete aspen canopy. Several species of lepidopteran larvae, of uncertain host specificity, were observed. Two species (Autographa californica and pyrrhia expremins: Noctuidae) are known from cultivated host plants. Eggs of an unidentified geometrid (Lepidoptera) were located on the host plants in large numbers and their dispersion was analysed. The eggs were distributed nonrandomly over the host plant population, but attempts to further characterize the pattern were fruitless. Parasitism of the eggs by an unidentified hymenopteran was observed. Mortality of all larvae was high. Successful migration of larvae was not observed. Mature larvae were not sufficiently abundant to permit statistical study of pattern. Mature fruits were examined at the end of the growing season for larkspur maggots (Hylemya laxifrons). Maggots were found in 85 percent of the inflorescences sampled. Pteromalids (Hymenoptera) were also found in an apparently parasitic relationship with the maggots in the fruits. Maggots were not found in the surviving fruits of inflorescences infested with either species of aphid. Suggestions are given for future work.