cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Resolving galactic-scale obscuration of X-ray AGN at $z\gtrsim1$ with COSMOS-Web
Creators: name: Silverman, John D.
name: Mainieri, Vincenzo
name: Ding, Xuheng
name: Liu, Daizhong
name: Jahnke, Knud
name: Hirschmann, Michaela
name: Kartaltepe, Jeyhan
name: Lambrides, Erini
name: Onoue, Masafusa
name: Trakhtenbrot, Benny
name: Vardoulaki, Eleni
name: Bongiorno, Angela
name: Casey, Caitlin
name: Civano, Francesca
name: Faisst, Andreas
name: Franco, Maximilien
name: Gillman, Steven
name: Gozaliasl, Ghassem
name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Kokorev, Vasily
name: Magdis, Georgios
name: Marchesi, Stefano
name: Rich, Robert Michael
name: Sparre, Martin
name: Suh, Hyewon
name: Tanaka, Takumi
name: Valentino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large fraction of the accreting supermassive black hole population is shrouded by copious amounts of gas and dust, particularly in the distant ($z\gtrsim1$) Universe. While much of the obscuration is attributed to a parsec-scale torus, there is a known contribution from the larger-scale host galaxy. Using JWST/NIRCam imaging from the COSMOS-Web survey, we probe the galaxy-wide dust distribution in X-ray selected AGN up to $z\sim2$. Here, we focus on a sample of three AGNs with their host galaxies exhibiting prominent dust lanes, potentially due to their edge-on alignment. These represent 27% (3 out of 11 with early NIRCam data) of the heavily obscured ($N_H>10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$) AGN population. With limited signs of a central AGN in the optical and near-infrared, the NIRCam images are used to produce reddening maps $E(B-V)$ of the host galaxies. We compare the mean central value of $E(B-V)$ to the X-ray obscuring column density along the line-of-sight to the AGN ($N_H\sim10^{23-23.5}$ cm$^{-2}$). We find that the extinction due to the host galaxy is present ($0.6\lesssim E(B-V) \lesssim 0.9$; $1.9 \lesssim A_V \lesssim 2.8$) and significantly contributes to the X-ray obscuration at a level of $N_H\sim10^{22.5}$ cm$^{-2}$ assuming an SMC gas-to-dust ratio which amounts to $\lesssim$30% of the total obscuring column density. These early results, including three additional cases from CEERS, demonstrate the ability to resolve such dust structures with JWST and separate the different circumnuclear and galaxy-scale obscuring structures.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJL
Opacity for realistic 3D MHD simulations of cool stellar atmospheres
Creators: name: García, A. Perdomo
name: Vitas, N.
name: Khomenko, E.
name: Collados, M.
name: Prieto, C. Allende
name: Hubeny, I.
name: Osorio, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Realistic 3D time-dependent simulations of stellar near-surface convection employ the opacity binning method for efficient and accurate computation of the radiative energy exchange. The method provides several orders of magnitude of speed-up, but its implementation includes a number of free parameters. Aims. Our aim is to evaluate the accuracy of the opacity binning method as a function of the choice of these free parameters. Methods. The monochromatic opacities computed with the SYNSPEC code are used to construct opacity distribution function (ODF) that is then verified through detailed comparison with the results of the ATLAS code. The opacity binning method is implemented with the SYNSPEC opacities for four representative cool main-sequence stellar spectral types (F3V, G2V, K0V, and M2V). Results. The ODFs from SYNSPEC and ATLAS show consistent results for the opacity and bolometric radiative energy exchange rate Q in case of the F, G, and K -- type stars. Significant differences, coming mainly from the molecular line lists, are found for the M -- type star. It is possible to optimise a small number of bins to reduce the deviation of the results coming from the opacity grouping with respect to the ODF for the F, G, and K -- type stars. In the case of the M -- type star, the inclusion of splitting in wavelength is needed in the grouping to get similar results, with a subsequent increase in computing time. In the limit of a large number of bins, the deviation for all the binning configurations tested saturates and the results do not converge to the ODF solution. Due to this saturation, the Q rate cannot be improved by increasing the number of bins to more than about 20 bins. The more effective strategy is to select the optimal location of fewer bins.
description: 26 pages, 29 figures. Accepted for publication in section 15 (Numerical methods and codes) of Astronomy and Astrophysics
The High Density Phase of the $k$-NN Hard Core Lattice Gas Model
Creators: name: Nath, Trisha
name: Rajesh, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $k$-NN hard core lattice gas model on a square lattice, in which the first $k$ next nearest neighbor sites of a particle are excluded from being occupied by another particle, is the lattice version of the hard disc model in two dimensional continuum. It has been conjectured that the lattice model, like its continuum counterpart, will show multiple entropy-driven transitions with increasing density if the high density phase has columnar or striped order. Here, we determine the nature of the phase at full packing for $k$ up to $820302$. We show that there are only eighteen values of $k$, all less than $k=4134$, that show columnar order, while the others show solid-like sublattice order.
Muon Spin Relaxation Study of frustrated Tm$_3$Sb$_3$Mg$_2$O$_{14}$ with kagomé lattice
Creators: name: Yang, Yanxing
name: Chen, Kaiwen
name: Ding, Zhaofeng
name: Hillier, Adrian D.
name: Shu, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure and magnetic properties of rare-earth ions Tm$^{3+}$ kagomé lattice Tm$_3$Sb$_3$Mg$_2$O$_{14}$ are studied by X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility and muon spin relaxation ($μ$SR) experiments. The existence of a small amount of Tm/Mg site-mixing disorder is revealed. DC magnetic susceptibility measurement shows that Tm$^{3+}$ magnetic moments are antiferromagnetically correlated with a negative Curie-Weiss temperature of -26.3 K. Neither long-range magnetic order nor spin-glass transition is observed by DC and AC magnetic susceptibility, and confirmed by $μ$SR experiment down to 0.1 K. However, the emergence of short-range magnetic order is indicated by the zero-field $μ$SR experiments, and the absence of spin dynamics at low temperatures is evidenced by the longitudinal-field $μ$SR technique. Compared with the results of Tm$_3$Sb$_3$Zn$_2$O$_{14}$, another Tm-based kagomé lattice with much more site-mixing disorder, the gapless spin liquid like behaviors in Tm$_3$Sb$_3$Zn$_2$O$_{14}$ can be induced by disorder effect. Samples with perfect geometrical frustration are in urgent demand to establish whether QSL exits in this kind of materials with rare-earth kagomé lattice.
The Orbital Eccentricities of Directly Imaged Companions Using Observable-Based Priors: Implications for Population-level Distributions
Creators: name: Ó, Clarissa R. Do
name: O'Neil, Kelly K.
name: Konopacky, Quinn M.
name: Do, Tuan
name: Martinez, Gregory D.
name: Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste
name: Ghez, Andrea M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The eccentricity of a sub-stellar companion is an important tracer of its formation history. Directly imaged companions often present poorly constrained eccentricities. A recently developed prior framework for orbit fitting called ''observable-based priors'' has the advantage of improving biases in derived orbit parameters for objects with minimal phase coverage, which is the case for the majority of directly imaged companions. We use observable-based priors to fit the orbits of 21 exoplanets and brown dwarfs in an effort to obtain the eccentricity distributions with minimized biases. We present the objects' individual posteriors compared to their previously derived distributions, showing in many cases a shift toward lower eccentricities. We analyze the companions' eccentricity distribution at a population level, and compare this to the distributions obtained with the traditional uniform priors. We fit a Beta distribution to our posteriors using observable-based priors, obtaining shape parameters $α= 1.09^{+0.30}_{-0.22}$ and $β= 1.42^{+0.33}_{-0.25}$. This represents an approximately flat distribution of eccentricities. The derived $α$ and $β$ parameters are consistent with the values obtained using uniform priors, though uniform priors lead to a tail at high eccentricities. We find that separating the population into high and low mass companions yields different distributions depending on the classification of intermediate mass objects. We also determine via simulation that the minimal orbit coverage needed to give meaningful posteriors under the assumptions made for directly imaged planets is $\approx$ 15% of the inferred period of the orbit.
description: Published in The Astronomical Journal, Volume 166, Issue 2, id.48, 22 pp. Update includes updated references and ORCID profiles
Art and the science of generative AI: A deeper dive
Creators: name: Epstein, Ziv
name: Hertzmann, Aaron
name: Herman, Laura
name: Mahari, Robert
name: Frank, Morgan R.
name: Groh, Matthew
name: Schroeder, Hope
name: Smith, Amy
name: Akten, Memo
name: Fjeld, Jessica
name: Farid, Hany
name: Leach, Neil
name: Pentland, Alex
name: Russakovsky, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new class of tools, colloquially called generative AI, can produce high-quality artistic media for visual arts, concept art, music, fiction, literature, video, and animation. The generative capabilities of these tools are likely to fundamentally alter the creative processes by which creators formulate ideas and put them into production. As creativity is reimagined, so too may be many sectors of society. Understanding the impact of generative AI - and making policy decisions around it - requires new interdisciplinary scientific inquiry into culture, economics, law, algorithms, and the interaction of technology and creativity. We argue that generative AI is not the harbinger of art's demise, but rather is a new medium with its own distinct affordances. In this vein, we consider the impacts of this new medium on creators across four themes: aesthetics and culture, legal questions of ownership and credit, the future of creative work, and impacts on the contemporary media ecosystem. Across these themes, we highlight key research questions and directions to inform policy and beneficial uses of the technology.
description: This white paper is an expanded version of Epstein et al 2023 published in Science Perspectives on July 16, 2023 which you can find at the following DOI: 10.1126/science.adh4451
Urtica aspera Petrie
Creators: name: Grosse-Veldmann, Bernadette
name: Weigend, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Rosales
Urticaceae
Urtica
Urtica aspera

description: Urtica aspera Petrie (1918 [1919]: 107).
 Type:— NEW ZEALAND. Waikato (North Island): Firewood Creek, Dunstan Range, D. Petrie (WELT, not seen).
 Additional specimens examined:— NEW ZEALAND. North Canterbury (South Island): Canterbury Land Distr., S. Canterbury, Simons Hill, 9 km E of Lake Pukaki, 20 Jan. 1968, G. I. Collett s.n. (CHR 184386!); Canterbury Land Distr., S. Canterbury, Lawrence Valley, S 43° 24’, E 170° 54’, 11 Mar. 1977, D. R. Given 9793 (CHR 478561!); Otago (South Island): Otago Land Distr., Dunstan Mtns on Dunstan Gorge side with Sonora Basin to the west and leaning rock to the east, main track to Leaning Rock, S 45° 05’, E 169° 18’, 550 m, 15 Dec. 1996, B. H. Patrick & J. Douglas s.n. (CHR 511575!); Otago Land Distr., Upper Manuherikia Valley, Fiddlers Flat Road, Falls Dam, S 44° 52’, E 169° 54.2’, 06 Dec. 1993, B. H. Patrick s.n. (CHR 506539!); Otago Land Distr., Otago, Hakdun Range, Blue Duck Creek, S 44° 54’, E 170° 11’, 1035 m, 14 Mar. 1985, C. C. Ogle 1213 (CHR 418236!).
description: Published as part of Grosse-Veldmann, Bernadette & Weigend, Maximilian, 2016, Weeding the nettles IV: A redefinition of Urtica incisa and allies in New Zealand and Australia, including the segregation of two new species Urtica sykesii and U. perconfusa, pp. 251-261 in Phytotaxa 245 (4) on page 261, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.245.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13679804
Analysis of the Solar Flare Index for Solar Cycles 18-24: Extremely Deep Gnevyshev Gap in the Chromosphere
Creators: name: Takalo, Jouni J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the solar flare index (SFI) for the solar cycles 18\,--\,24. We find that SFI has deeper Gnevyshev gap (GG) in its first principal component than other atmospheric parameters. The GG is extremely clear especially in the even cycles. The GG of the SFI appears about a half year later as a drop in the interplanetary magnetic field near the Earth and in the geomagnetic Ap-index. The instantaneous response of the magnetic field to solar flares, however, shows about two to three days after the eruption as a high, sharp peak in the cross-correlation of the SFI and Ap-index and as a lower peak in SFI vs. IMF B cross-correlation. We confirm these rapid responses using superposed-epoch analysis. The most active flare cycles during 1944-2020 are the Cycles 19 and 21. The Cycle 18 has very strong SFI days as much as Cycle 22, but it has least nonzero SFI days in the whole interval. Interestingly Cycle 20 can be compared to the Cycles 23 and 24 in its low flare activity, although it locates between the most active SFI cycles.
description: accepted to Solar Physics, 25 pages, 16 figures
Time-evolution of holographic entanglement entropy and metric perturbations
Creators: name: Kim, Nakwoo
name: Lee, Jung Hun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the holographic entanglement entropy under small deformations of AdS, including time-dependence. It is found through perturbative analysis that the divergent terms are not affected and the change appears only in the finite terms. We also consider the entanglement thermodynamic first law, and calculate the entanglement temperature and confirm that it is inversely proportional to the size of the entangling region.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures; v2. minor revision and refs added
Flexible heat-flow sensing sheets based on the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect using one-dimensional spin-current conducting films
Creators: name: Kirihara, A.
name: Kondo, K.
name: Ishida, M.
name: Ihara, K.
name: Iwasaki, Y.
name: Someya, H.
name: Matsuba, A.
name: Uchida, K.
name: Saitoh, E.
name: Yamamoto, N.
name: Kohmoto, S.
name: Murakami, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrated a flexible thermoelectric (TE) sheet based on the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) that is especially suitable for heat-flow sensing applications. This TE sheet contained a Ni0.2Zn0.3Fe2.5O4 film which was formed on a flexible plastic sheet using a spray-coating method known as ferrite plating. The experimental results suggest that the ferrite-plated film, which has a columnar crystal structure aligned perpendicular to the film plane, functions as a unique one-dimensional spin-current conductor suitable for bendable LSSE-based sensors.
Laser-induced Demagnetization in van der Waals $XY$- and Ising-like Antiferromagnets NiPS$_3$ and FePS$_3$
Creators: name: Kuntu, D. V.
name: Arkhipova, E. A.
name: Shelukhin, L. A.
name: Mertens, F.
name: Prosnikov, M. A.
name: Eliseyev, I. A.
name: Smirnov, A. N.
name: Davydov, V. Yu.
name: Mañas-Valero, S.
name: Coronado, E.
name: Cinchetti, M.
name: Kalashnikova, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The critical behaviour of laser-induced changes in magnetic ordering is studied experimentally in two-dimensional zigzag antiferromagnets $XY$-like NiPS$_3$ and Ising-like FePS$_3$. To examine laser-induced dynamics in flakes of these compounds, we employ time-resolved exchange linear dichroism effect sensitive to zigzag magnetic ordering and independent of the orientation of the antiferromagnetic vector. In both compounds laser excitation in the vicinity of the absorption edge induces partial quenching of the antiferromagnetic ordering manifested by exchange linear dichroism reduction. The amplitude of the effect varies with temperature as the derivative of the antiferromagnetic vector and exhibits a critical behaviour with the exponents corresponding to $XY$- and Ising-models for NiPS$_3$ and FePS$_3$, respectively. Critical slowing down of the demagnetization in the vicinity of Néel temperature is found, however, only in FePS$_3$. In contrast, the increase of the demagnetization time near the ordering temperature in NiPS$_3$ is minor. We show that the difference in the demagnetization times correlates well with the spin specific heat in both compounds. Beyond the range of slowing down, the demagnetization times in NiPS$_3$ and FePS$_3$ are comparable, about 5 - 10 ps, and are longer than those reported earlier for CoPS$_3$ and considerably shorter than for MnPS$_3$. This points to the importance of the unquenched angular momentum of transition-metal ions in laser-induced demagnetization process.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XLVII. Five Jupiter-mass planets in long-period orbits, one highly irradiated Neptune, one brown dwarf, and five stellar binaries
Creators: name: Frensch, Y. G. C.
name: Curto, G. Lo
name: Bouchy, F.
name: Mayor, M.
name: Hébrard, G.
name: Lovis, C.
name: Moutou, C.
name: Pepe, F. A.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Santos, N.
name: Segransan, D.
name: Udry, S.
name: Unger, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our aim is to detect and characterise long-period companions around main sequence stars (spectral types late F to early M). We use the RV method to search for exoplanets around stars. The RV variations are measured with HARPS at the ESO 3.6 metre telescope. The true mass and inclination of our heavier companions are provided by astrometry, for which we use proper motions from Hipparcos and Gaia. Five Jupiter-mass exoplanets are reported to orbit HIP54597, BD-210397 (x2), HD74698, and HD94771 with 8.9 yr, 5.2 yr, 17.4 yr, 9.4 yr, and 5.9 yr orbits, and to have minimum masses of $2.01 \pm 0.03$, $0.7 \pm 0.1$, $2.4^{+1.5}_{-0.2}$, $0.40 \pm 0.06$, and $0.53 \pm 0.03 M_J$ respectively. HD74698 also hosts a highly irradiated Neptune in a 15 day orbit with a minimum mass of $0.07 \pm 0.01 M_J$. The mass of HIP54597 b can maximally increase by 10% - 30%, the minimum mass of HD74698 c is likely equal to its true mass, and BD-210397 c has a mass of $2.66^{+0.63}_{-0.32} M_J$. HD62364 hosts a brown dwarf with a true mass of $18.77^{+0.66}_{-0.63} M_J$ in an orbit of 14 yr. HD56380B, HD221638B, and HD33473C have minimum masses within the brown dwarf limits, in orbits of 8.9 yr, 16.6 yr, and 50 yr respectively; however, astrometric measurements reveal them to be stellar binaries, with masses of $375.3^{+8.6}_{-8.4}$, $110.0^{+3.9}_{-3.7}$, and $271.0^{+3.9}_{-3.8} M_J$. The orbits of the stellar binaries HD11938 and HD61383 are incomplete. The preliminary result for HD61383 is a 0.190 $M_{\odot}$ binary in a 39 yr orbit. The secondary of the binary system HD11938 has a mass of 0.33 $M_{\odot}$ - which is confirmed by a secondary peak in the CCF - and a preliminary period of 35 yr. The origin of the 3.0 yr RV signal of HD3964 is uncertain as it shows entanglement with the magnetic cycle of the star. We finally report one more star, HD11608, with a magnetic cycle that mimics a planetary signal.
description: 22 pages, 32 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Sudden extreme obscuration of a Sun-like main-sequence star: evolution of the circumstellar dust around ASASSN-21qj
Creators: name: Marshall, Jonathan P.
name: Ertel, Steve
name: Kemper, Francisca
name: del Burgo, Carlos
name: Otten, Gilles P. P. L.
name: Scicluna, Peter
name: Zeegers, Sascha T.
name: Ribas, Álvaro
name: Morata, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ASASSN-21qj is a distant Sun-like star that recently began an episode of deep dimming events after no prior recorded variability. Here we examine archival and newly obtained optical and near-infrared data of this star. The deep aperiodic dimming and absence of previous infrared excess are reminiscent of KIC 8462852 (``Boyajian's Star''). The observed occultations are consistent with a circumstellar cloud of sub-micron-sized dust grains composed of amorphous pyroxene, with a minimum mass of $1.50~\pm~0.04\times10^{-9}~M_{\oplus}$ derived from the deepest occultations, and a minimum grain size of $0.29^{+0.01}_{-0.18}~μ$m assuming a power law size distribution. We further identify the first evidence of near-infrared excess in this system from NEOWISE 3.4 and 4.6~$μ$m observations. The excess emission implies a total circumstellar dust mass of around $10^{-6} M_{\oplus}$, comparable to the extreme, variable discs associated with terrestrial planet formation around young stars. The quasiperiodic recurrence of deep dips and the inferred dust temperature (ranging from 1800 to 700~K across the span of observations) independently point to an orbital distance of $\simeq$0.2~au for the dust, supporting the occulting material and excess emission being causally linked. The origin of this extended, opaque cloud is surmised to be the breakup of one or more exocometary bodies.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, published in ApJ
Perceptual Tone Mapping Model for High Dynamic Range Imaging
Creators: name: Mehmood, Imran
name: Shi, Xinye
name: Khan, M. Usman
name: Luo, Ming Ronnier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: One of the key challenges in tone mapping is to preserve the perceptual quality of high dynamic range (HDR) images when mapping them to standard dynamic range (SDR) displays. Traditional tone mapping operators (TMOs) compress the luminance of HDR images without considering the surround and display conditions emanating into suboptimal results. Current research addresses this challenge by incorporating perceptual color appearance attributes. In this work, we propose a TMO (TMOz) that leverages CIECAM16 perceptual attributes, i.e., brightness, colorfulness, and hue. TMOz accounts for the effects of both the surround and the display conditions to achieve more optimal colorfulness reproduction. The perceptual brightness is compressed, and the perceptual color scales, i.e., colorfulness and hue are derived from HDR images by employing CIECAM16 color adaptation equations. A psychophysical experiment was conducted to automate the brightness compression parameter. The model employs fully automatic and adaptive approach, obviating the requirement for manual parameter selection. TMOz was evaluated in terms of contrast, colorfulness and overall image quality. The objective and subjective evaluation methods revealed that the proposed model outperformed the state-of-the-art TMOs.
High temperature, gate-free quantum anomalous Hall effect with an active capping layer
Creators: name: Yi, Hee Taek
name: Jain, Deepti
name: Yao, Xiong
name: Oh, Seongshik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) was discovered a decade ago, but is still not utilized beyond a handful of research groups, due to numerous limitations such as extremely low temperature, electric field-effect gating requirement, small sample sizes and environmental aging effect. Here, we present a robust platform that provides effective solutions to these problems. Specifically, on this platform, we observe QAH signatures at record high temperatures, with the Hall conductance of 1.00 e2/h at 2.0 K, 0.98 e2/h at 4.2 K, and 0.92 e2/h at 10 K, on centimeter-scale substrates, without electric-field-effect gating. The key ingredient is an active CrOx capping layer, which substantially boosts the ferromagnetism while suppressing environmental degradation. With this development, QAHE will now be accessible to much broader applications than before.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in Nano Letters, https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01313
Traveling kink oscillations of coronal loops launched by a solar flare
Creators: name: Li, Dong
name: Bai, Xianyong
name: Tian, Hui
name: Su, Jiangtao
name: Hou, Zhenyong
name: Deng, Yuanyong
name: Ji, Kaifan
name: Ning, Zongjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the traveling kink oscillation triggered by a solar flare on 2022 September 29. The observational data is mainly measured by the Solar Upper Transition Region Imager (SUTRI), the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), and the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX). The transverse oscillations with apparent decaying in amplitudes, which are nearly perpendicular to the oscillating loop, are observed in passbands of SUTRI 465 A, AIA 171 A, and 193 A. The decaying oscillation is launched by a solar flare erupted closely to one footpoint of coronal loops, and then it propagates along several loops. Next, the traveling kink wave is evolved to a standing kink oscillation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the evolution of a traveling kink pulse to a standing kink wave along coronal loops. The standing kink oscillation along one coronal loop has a similar period of about 6.3 minutes at multiple wavelengths, and the decaying time is estimated to about 9.6-10.6 minutes. Finally, two dominant periods of 5.1 minutes and 2.0 minutes are detected in another oscillating loop, suggesting the coexistence of the fundamental and third harmonics.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted by A&A
Aneurhynchus ariadne Nixon 1980
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae
Aneurhynchus
Aneurhynchus ariadne

description: Aneurhynchus ariadne Nixon, 1980: 23, 24, fig. 67.
Valid name
Aneurhynchus ariadne Nixon, 1980.
Summary of types
Holotype ♀, BMNH number 9.815, by original designation. Paratypes 3 ♀♀.
Primary type data
France, Fi./ Morlaix/ 10.vi.1954 / J.F.Perkins/ B.M.1954-396; Aneurhynchus / ariadne/ Nixon/ holotype ♀, 197.
Type locality
France, Morlaix.
Remarks
The holotype is mounted on a card point and is entire.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 96, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
A Model for Confined Solar Eruptions Including External Reconnection
Creators: name: Chen, Jun
name: Cheng, Xin
name: Kliem, Bernhard
name: Ding, Mingde
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The violent disruption of the coronal magnetic field is often observed to be restricted to the low corona, appearing as a confined eruption. The possible causes of the confinement remain elusive. Here, we model the eruption of a magnetic flux rope in a quadrupolar active region, with the parameters set such that magnetic X-lines exist both below and above the rope. This facilitates the onset of magnetic reconnection in either place but with partly opposing effects on the eruption. The lower reconnection initially adds poloidal flux to the rope, increasing the upward hoop force and supporting the rise of the rope. However, when the flux of the magnetic side lobes enters the lower reconnection, the flux rope is found to separate from the reconnection site and the flux accumulation ceases. At the same time, the upper reconnection begins to reduce the poloidal flux of the rope, decreasing its hoop force; eventually this cuts the rope completely. The relative weight of the two reconnection processes is varied in the model, and it is found that their combined effect and the tension force of the overlying field confine the eruption if the flux ratio of the outer to the inner polarities exceeds a threshold, which is about 1.3 for our Cartesian box and chosen parameters. We hence propose that external reconnection between an erupting flux rope and overlying flux can play a vital role in confining eruptions.
description: submitted to ApJ Letters that has addressed the referee report
Superconducting Properties of La$_2$(Cu$_{1-x}$Ni_x)$_5$As$_3$O$_2$: A $\rm μ$SR Study
Creators: name: Wu, Qiong
name: Chen, Kaiwen
name: Zhu, Zihao
name: Tan, Cheng
name: Yang, Yanxing
name: Li, Xin
name: Shiroka, Toni
name: Chen, Xu
name: Guo, Jiangang
name: Chen, Xiaolong
name: Shu, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of muon spin rotation and relaxation ($\rm μ$SR) measurements on the recently discovered layered Cu-based superconducting material La$_{2}($Cu$_{1-x}$Ni$_{x}$)$_{5}$As$_{3}$O$_{2}$ ($x =$ 0.40, 0.45). Transverse-field $\rm μ$SR experiments on both samples show that the temperature dependence of superfluid density is best described by a two-band model. The absolute values of zero-temperature magnetic penetration depth $λ_{\rm ab}(0)$ were found to be 427(1.7) nm and 422(1.5) nm for $x =$ 0.40 and 0.45, respectively. Both compounds are located between the unconventional and the standard BCS superconductors in the Uemura plot. No evidence of time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking in the superconducting state is suggested by zero-field $\rm μ$SR measurements.
Topological surface states interacting with bulk excitations in the Kondo insulator SmB$_6$ revealed via planar tunneling spectroscopy
Creators: name: Park, Wan Kyu
name: Sun, Lunan
name: Noddings, Alexander
name: Kim, Dae-Jeong
name: Fisk, Zachary
name: Greene, Laura H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Samarium hexaboride (SmB$_6$), a well-known Kondo insulator in which the insulating bulk arises from strong electron correlations, has recently attracted great attention owing to increasing evidence for its topological nature, thereby harboring protected surface states. However, corroborative spectroscopic evidence is still lacking, unlike in the weakly correlated counterparts, including Bi$_2$Se$_3$. Here we report results from planar tunneling that unveil the detailed spectroscopic properties of SmB$_6$. The tunneling conductance obtained on the (001) and (011) single crystal surfaces reveal linear density of states as expected for two and one Dirac cone(s), respectively. Quite remarkably, it is found that these topological states are not protected completely within the bulk hybridization gap. A phenomenological model of the tunneling process invoking interaction of the surface states with bulk excitations (spin excitons), as predicted by a recent theory, provides a consistent explanation for all of the observed features. Our spectroscopic study supports and explains the proposed picture of the incompletely protected surface states in this topological Kondo insulator SmB$_6$.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, Supporting Information attached, accepted in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
A multi-band AGN-SFG classifier for extragalactic radio surveys using machine learning
Creators: name: Karsten, J.
name: Wang, L.
name: Margalef-Bentabol, B.
name: Best, P. N.
name: Kondapally, R.
name: La Marca, A.
name: Morganti, R.
name: Röttgering, H. J. A.
name: Vaccari, M.
name: Sabater, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extragalactic radio continuum surveys play an increasingly more important role in galaxy evolution and cosmology studies. While radio galaxies and radio quasars dominate at the bright end, star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and radio-quiet Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are more common at fainter flux densities. Our aim is to develop a machine learning classifier that can efficiently and reliably separate AGNs and SFGs in radio continuum surveys. We perform supervised classification of SFGs vs AGNs using the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) on three LOFAR Deep Fields (Lockman Hole, Bootes and ELAIS-N1), which benefit from a wide range of high-quality multi-wavelength data and classification labels derived from extensive spectral energy distribution (SED) analyses. Our trained model has a precision of 0.92(0.01) and a recall of 0.87(0.02) for SFGs. For AGNs, the model has slightly worse performance, with a precision of 0.87(0.02) and recall of 0.78(0.02). These results demonstrate that our trained model can successfully reproduce the classification labels derived from detailed SED analysis. The model performance decreases towards higher redshifts, mainly due to smaller training sample sizes. To make the classifier more adaptable to other radio galaxy surveys, we also investigate how our classifier performs with a poorer multi-wavelength sampling of the SED. In particular, we find that the far-infrared (FIR) and radio bands are of great importance. We also find that higher S/N in some photometric bands leads to a significant boost in the model's performance. In addition to using the 150 MHz radio data, our model can also be used with 1.4 GHz radio data. Converting 1.4 GHz to 150 MHz radio data reduces performance by about 4% in precision and 3% in recall. The final trained model is publicly available at https://github.com/Jesper-Karsten/MBASC
description: 14 pages 9 figures Accepted for publication in A&A
Native Chrome Automation using R
Creators: name: Dervieux, Christophe
name: Lesur, Romain
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Chrome Devtools Protocol
Headless Browser

description: The Chrome web browser can be fully controlled in headless mode. A headless browser is a convenient tool for web scraping and automated testing of web sites: one can program all the actions performed in a web browser thanks to the chrome devtools protocol. It is also useful for creating a PDF or taking a screenshot of a web page. Headless Chrome automation is widely used in the node.js ecosystem mainly through the Puppeteer library.
 In this talk, we will show you how to take the full control of Chrome directly from R without any dependency on another language or tool (node.js or Java are not required). We will be looking at the principles that make it possible and at some working examples like the chromeprint() function in pagedown package. We will also illustrate what is possible with some examples using the in-development crrri package (https://github.com/RLesur/crrri) that offers a low level access to the chrome devtools protocol.
Realization of a two-dimensional checkerboard lattice in monolayer Cu$_2$N
Creators: name: Hu, Xuegao
name: Zhang, Run-Wu
name: Ma, Da-Shuai
name: Cai, Zhihao
name: Geng, Daiyu
name: Sun, Zhenyu
name: Zhao, Qiaoxiao
name: Gao, Jisong
name: Cheng, Peng
name: Chen, Lan
name: Wu, Kehui
name: Yao, Yugui
name: Feng, Baojie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional checkerboard lattice, the simplest line-graph lattice, has been intensively studied as a toy model, while material design and synthesis remain elusive. Here, we report theoretical prediction and experimental realization of the checkerboard lattice in monolayer Cu$_2$N. Experimentally, monolayer Cu$_2$N can be realized in the well-known N/Cu(100) and N/Cu(111) systems that were previously mistakenly believed to be insulators. Combined angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements, first-principles calculations, and tight-binding analysis show that both systems host checkerboard-derived hole pockets near the Fermi level. In addition, monolayer Cu$_2$N has outstanding stability in air and organic solvents, which is crucial for further device applications.
description: Nano Letters, in press
Higgs self-coupling measurement at future $e^+e^-$ colliders
Creators: name: Torndal, Julie Munch
name: List, Jenny
name: Ntounis, Dimitrios
name: Vernieri, Caterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Higgs mechanism is a central part of the Standard Model which has not yet been fully established experimentally without the measurement of the Higgs self-coupling. Future linear $e^+e^-$ colliders are able to access centre-of-mass energies of 500 GeV and beyond and can therefore probe the Higgs self-coupling directly through the measurement of double Higgs production. A new analysis of the capability to measure the double Higgs-strahlung, $e^+e^-\to ZHH$, at a centre-of-mass energy of 500 GeV is ongoing based on the detailed, Geant4-based simulation of the ILD detector concept. This study has identified several aspects concerning the reconstruction techniques to fully exploit the detector potential, which are expected to improve precision reach and will be presented in this contribution. Additionally, the requirements that the Higgs self-coupling measurement puts on the choice of centre-of-mass energy will be evaluated as this is important for shaping the landscape of future colliders such as ILC or $C^3$.
description: 6 pages, submitted to proceedings of EPS-HEP 2023
Prediction of spin orientations in terms of HOMO-LUMO interactions using spin-orbit coupling as perturbation
Creators: name: Whangbo, Myung-Hwan
name: Gordon, Elijah E.
name: Xiang, Hongjun
name: Koo, Hyun-Joo
name: Lee, Changhoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The preferred spin orientation of a magnetic ion can be predicted on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) calculations including electron correlation and spin-orbit coupling (SOC). However, most chemists and physicists are unaware of how the observed and/or calculated spin orientations are related to the local electronic structures of the magnetic ions. The objective of this article is to provide a conceptual framework of thinking about and predicting the preferred spin orientation of a magnetic ion by examining the relationship between the spin orientation and the local electronic structure of the ion. In general, a magnetic ion (i.e., an ion possessing unpaired spins) in a solid or a molecule is surrounded with main-group ligand atoms to form a polyhedron, and the d-states of the polyhedron are split because the antibonding interactions of the metal d-orbitals with the p orbitals of the surrounding ligands depend on the symmetries of the orbitals involved. The magnetic ion of the polyhedron has a certain preferred spin direction because its split d-states interact among themselves under SOC and because the energy lowering associated with the SOC-induced interactions depends on spin orientation. The preferred spin direction can be readily predicted on the basis of perturbation theory, in which the SOC is taken as perturbation and the split d-states as unperturbed states, by inspecting the magnetic quantum numbers of its d-orbitals present in the HOMO and LUMO of the polyhedron. Experimentally, the determination of the preferred spin orientations of magnetic ions requires a sophisticated level of experiments. Theoretically, it requires an elaborate level of DFT electronic structure calculations. We show that the outcomes of such experimental measurements and theoretical calculations can be predicted by a simple perturbation theory analysis.
description: 41 pages, 11 figures, a short review
Kalman-Filter-Based Particle Tracking on Parallel Architectures at Hadron Colliders
Creators: name: Cerati, Giuseppe
name: Elmer, Peter
name: Lantz, Steven
name: McDermott, Kevin
name: Riley, Dan
name: Tadel, Matevž
name: Wittich, Peter
name: Würthwein, Frank
name: Yagil, Avi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Power density constraints are limiting the performance improvements of modern CPUs. To address this we have seen the introduction of lower-power, multi-core processors such as GPGPU, ARM and Intel MIC. To stay within the power density limits but still obtain Moore's Law performance/price gains, it will be necessary to parallelize algorithms to exploit larger numbers of lightweight cores and specialized functions like large vector units. Track finding and fitting is one of the most computationally challenging problems for event reconstruction in particle physics. At the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), for example, this will be by far the dominant problem. The need for greater parallelism has driven investigations of very different track finding techniques such as Cellular Automata or Hough Transforms. The most common track finding techniques in use today, however, are those based on the Kalman Filter. Significant experience has been accumulated with these techniques on real tracking detector systems, both in the trigger and offline. They are known to provide high physics performance, are robust, and are in use today at the LHC. We report on porting these algorithms to new parallel architectures. Our previous investigations showed that, using optimized data structures, track fitting with Kalman Filter can achieve large speedups both with Intel Xeon and Xeon Phi. We report here our progress towards an end-to-end track reconstruction algorithm fully exploiting vectorization and parallelization techniques in a realistic experimental environment.
description: Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE NSS/MIC Conference, San Diego, CA
Correlation and fluctuation in Random Average Process on an infinite line with a driven tracer
Creators: name: Cividini, J.
name: Kundu, A.
name: Majumdar, S. N.
name: Mukamel, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of single biased tracer particle in a bath of other particles performing the random average process (RAP) on an infinite line. We focus on the large time behavior of the mean and the fluctuations of the positions of the particles and also the correlations among them. In the large time t limit these quantities have well-defined scaling forms and grow with time as $\sqrt{t}$. A differential equation for the scaling function associated with the correlation function is obtained and solved perturbatively around the solution for a symmetric tracer. Interestingly, when the tracer is totally asymmetric, further progress is enabled by the fact that the particles behind of the tracer do not affect the motion of the particles in front of it, which leads in particular to an exact expression for the variance of the position of the tracer. Finally, the variance and correlations of the gaps between successive particles are also studied. Numerical simulations support our analytical results.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures
On the spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking in synchronously-pumped passive Kerr resonators
Creators: name: Rossi, J.
name: Carretero-Gonzalez, R.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Haragus, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spontaneous temporal symmetry breaking instability in a coherently-driven passive optical Kerr resonator observed experimentally by Xu and Coen in Opt.~Lett.~{\bf 39}, 3492 (2014). We perform a detailed stability analysis of the Lugiato-Lefever model for the optical Kerr resonators and analyze the temporal bifurcation structure of stationary symmetric and the emerging asymmetric states as a function of the pump power. For intermediate pump powers a pitchfork loop is responsible for the destabilization of symmetric states towards stationary asymmetric ones while at large pump powers we find the emergence of periodic asymmetric solutions via a Hopf bifurcation. From a theoretical perspective, we use local bifurcation theory in order to analyze the most unstable eigenmode of the system. We also explore a non-conservative variational approximation capturing, among others, the evolution of the solution's amplitude, width and center of mass. Both methods provide insight towards the pitchfork bifurcations associated with the symmetry breaking.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Second-harmonic generation in the system with fractional diffraction
Creators: name: Li, Pengfei
name: Sakaguchi, Hidetsugu
name: Zeng, Liangwei
name: Zhu, Xing
name: Mihalache, Dumitru
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a family of bright optical solitons composed of fundamental frequency (FF) and second-harmonic (SH) components in the one-dimensional (planar) waveguide with the quadratic (second-harmonic-generating) nonlinearity and effective fractional diffraction, characterized by the Levy index α, taking values between 2 and 0.5, which correspond to the non-fractional diffraction and critical collapse, respectively. The existence domain and stability boundary for the solitons are delineated in the space of α, FF-SH mismatch parameter, and propagation constant. The stability boundary is tantamount to that predicted by the Vakhitov-Kolokolov criterion, while unstable solitons spontaneously evolve into localized breathers. A sufficiently weak transverse kick applied to the stable solitons excite small internal vibrations in the stable solitons, without setting them in motion. A stronger kick makes the solitons' trajectories tilted, simultaneously destabilizing the solitons.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, to be published in Chaos, Solitons & Fractals