cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Conversions, Failures and Restructurings: An Overview
Creators: name: Fulton, Murray E.
name: Hueth, Brent
name: Fulton, Murray E.
name: Hueth, Brent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The cases assembled in this special issue provide a rich setting for an examination of a number of cooperative conversion and restructurings that have occurred over the last 10 years. The cases also provide some lessons on the larger cooperative problems and questions in which cooperative researchers have been interested. The cases suggest that some of the conversions and restructurings are due to what can simply be called poor management, something that is not unique to co-ops, but is in fact common to all business enterprises regardless of their structure. At the same time, the cases also point out that common structural problems associated with cooperatives – such as lack of capital, property right problems and portfolio problems – do have an impact on the structure chosen by cooperatives and their members. Finally, a number of case-study authors point to increasing capital requirements in industrialized agriculture as a significant challenge for cooperatives seeking to integrate along the supply chain.
Sex differences in reversal learning, a deeper dig from Testing the greater male variability phenomenon: male mountain chickadees exhibit larger variation in reversal learning performance compared with females
Creators: name: Branch, Carrie L.
name: Sonnenberg, Benjamin R.
name: Pitera, Angela M.
name: Benedict, Lauren M.
name: Kozlovsky, Dovid Y.
name: Bridge, Eli S.
name: Pravosudov, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Cognitive correlations and additional analyses by year
The disintegrating old open cluster Czernik 3
Creators: name: Sharma, Saurabh
name: Ghosh, Arpan
name: Ojha, D. K.
name: Pandey, R.
name: Sinha, T
name: Pandey, A. K.
name: Ghosh, S. K.
name: Panwar, N.
name: Pandey, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed a detailed analysis of the Czernik 3 (Cz3) open cluster by using deep near-infrared photometry taken with TIRCAM2 on 3.6m Devasthal optical telescope along with the recently available high quality proper motion data from the {\it Gaia} DR2 and deep photometric data from Pan-STARRS1. The cluster has a highly elongated morphology with fractal distribution of stars. The core and cluster radii of the cluster are estimated as 0.5 pc and 1.2 pc, respectively. We have identified 45 stars as cluster members using the {\it Gaia} proper motion data. The distance and age of the cluster are found to be $3.5\pm0.9$ kpc and $0.9^{+0.3}_{-0.1}$ Gyr, respectively. The slope of the mass function $`Γ'$ in the cluster region, in the mass range $\sim$0.95$
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS main journal, 15 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables. Text updated
PKU-GoodsAD: A Supermarket Goods Dataset for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection and Segmentation
Creators: name: Zhang, Jian
name: Ding, Runwei
name: Ban, Miaoju
name: Yang, Ge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual anomaly detection is essential and commonly used for many tasks in the field of computer vision. Recent anomaly detection datasets mainly focus on industrial automated inspection, medical image analysis and video surveillance. In order to broaden the application and research of anomaly detection in unmanned supermarkets and smart manufacturing, we introduce the supermarket goods anomaly detection (GoodsAD) dataset. It contains 6124 high-resolution images of 484 different appearance goods divided into 6 categories. Each category contains several common different types of anomalies such as deformation, surface damage and opened. Anomalies contain both texture changes and structural changes. It follows the unsupervised setting and only normal (defect-free) images are used for training. Pixel-precise ground truth regions are provided for all anomalies. Moreover, we also conduct a thorough evaluation of current state-of-the-art unsupervised anomaly detection methods. This initial benchmark indicates that some methods which perform well on the industrial anomaly detection dataset (e.g., MVTec AD), show poor performance on our dataset. This is a comprehensive, multi-object dataset for supermarket goods anomaly detection that focuses on real-world applications.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Observation of Four-Photon de Broglie Wavelength by State Projection Measurement
Creators: name: Sun, F. W.
name: Liu, B. H.
name: Huang, Y. F.
name: Ou, Z. Y.
name: Guo, G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement process is constructed to project an arbitrary two-mode $N$-photon state to a maximally entangled $N$-photon state (the {\it NOON}-state). The result of this projection measurement shows a typical interference fringe with an $N$-photon de Broglie wavelength. For an experimental demonstration, this measurement process is applied to a four-photon superposition state from two perpendicularly oriented type-I parametric down-conversion processes. Generalization to arbitrary $N$-photon states projection measurement can be easily made and may have wide applications in quantum information. As an example, we formulate it for precision phase measurement.
Lessons for Cooperatives in Transition: The Case of Western Canada’s United Grain Growers and Agricore United
Creators: name: Earl, Paul D.
name: Earl, Paul D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Crop Production/Industries

description: This paper explores the takeover of Agricore United (AU) by Saskatchewan Wheat Pool, now known as Viterra. AU’s predecessor, United Grain Growers, was a “pure” cooperative that had issued limited voting shares, but was legally defined as consisting of members and shareholders. The paper argues that members should have been consulted about the transaction. The paper draws six lessons that formerly “pure” cooperatives like AU, should observe to prevent being absorbed by a publicly held firm. It argues that hybrid organizations like AU can successfully resist a takeover bid if properly prepared.
The use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for severe asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis
Creators: name: La Via, Luigi
name: Cuttone, Giuseppe
name: Misseri, Giovanni
name: Sorbello, Massimiliano
name: Pappalardo, Federico
name: Maniaci, Antonino
name: Duarte-Medrano, Gilberto
name: Nuño-Lámbarri, Natalia
name: Zanza, Christian
name: Gregoretti, Cesare
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: To evaluate the effectiveness of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) versus standard therapy in severe asthma exacerbations through meta-analysis. Nine randomized controlled trials (344 patients) were analyzed from inception to August 2024. Primary outcomes included respiratory rate, forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), and oxygen saturation (SpO2). Random effect models and trial sequential analyses were employed. NPPV demonstrated significant reduction in respiratory rate versus standard therapy (mean difference [MD] −3.97, 95% CI −7.32 to −0.61, p = 0.02), though with high heterogeneity (I2 = 87%). FEV1 showed significant improvement with NPPV (MD 15.56%, 95% CI 6.86 to 24.26, p < 0.001) based on two studies. SpO2 showed no significant improvement (MD 0.62%, 95% CI −0.14 to 1.37, p = 0.11). No differences were found between pediatric and adult populations. Trial sequential analyses indicated insufficient evidence for definitive conclusions regarding respiratory rate and SpO2 improvements. While NPPV may benefit severe asthma patients, particularly in reducing respiratory rate and improving FEV1, current evidence is insufficient for recommending routine clinical use. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to establish NPPV’s effectiveness in severe asthma exacerbation treatment. registration ID CRD42024580051
The Access to Information Act and its impact on federal public records : an exploration of the issues from an archival perspective
Creators: name: Hepplewhite, Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The “Access to Information Act” has been in force in Canada for twenty years, changing the way public records administration is conducted in the federal government. The passage of the Act crafted a new regime of access to both active and historical public records, and generated debate on the desirability of the new rules, as they apply to historical records. The new access rules emphasised the relationship between accountability and record-keeping but did not offer a distinction between the different roles and access status of a record during the different phases of its life cycle. This thesis aims to explore the issues brought about by the “Access to Information Act”, and its partner legislation, the “Privacy Act” from an archival perspective. It seeks to elucidate, by means of analysing the development of access rights to historical records in Canada the debate inspired by the application of the Act to all public records, regardless of age. Also, it shows the legislative relationship between the “Access to Information Act”, the “Privacy Act” and the “National Archives Act” and examines the strengths and weaknesses of that relationship. Then, the thesis continues on to explore the broader effects on public records in the federal government, including the so-called "chilling effect." The thesis proposes that the greatest effect of the “Access to Information Act” on records from an archival perspective is that it changed the access landscape, making archivists examine their role in the delicate balance between preserving privacy and providing access.
$p$-$sd$ shell gap reduction in neutron-rich systems and cross-shell excitations in $^{20}$O
Creators: name: Wiedeking, M.
name: Tabor, S. L.
name: Pavan, J.
name: Volya, A.
name: Aguilar, A. L.
name: Calderin, I. J.
name: Campbell, D. B.
name: Cluff, W. T.
name: Diffenderfer, E.
name: Fridmann, J.
name: Hoffman, C. R.
name: Kemper, K. W.
name: Lee, S.
name: Riley, M. A.
name: Roeder, B. T.
name: Teal, C.
name: Tripathi, V.
name: Wiedenhöver, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excited states in $^{20}$O were populated in the reaction $^{10}$Be($^{14}$C,$α$) at Florida State University. Charged particles were detected with a particle telescope consisting of 4 annularly segmented Si surface barrier detectors and $γ$ radiation was detected with the FSU $γ$ detector array. Five new states were observed below 6 MeV from the $α$-$γ$ and $α$-$γ$-$γ$ coincidence data. Shell model calculations suggest that most of the newly observed states are core-excited 1p-1h excitations across the $N = Z = 8$ shell gap. Comparisons between experimental data and calculations for the neutron-rich O and F isotopes imply a steady reduction of the $p$-$sd$ shell gap as neutrons are added.
Modeling the Galactic Compact Binary Neutron Star Population and Studying the Double Pulsar System
Creators: name: Pol, Nihan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this dissertation, we estimate the population of different classes of BNS systems that are visible to gravitational-wave observatories. Given that no ultra-compact BNS systems have been discovered in pulsar radio surveys, we place a 95\% confidence upper limit of $\sim$850 and $\sim$1100 ultra-compact neutron star--white dwarf and double neutron star (DNS) systems that are beaming towards the Earth, respectively. We show that among all of the current radio pulsar surveys, the ones at the Arecibo radio telescope have the best chance of detecting an ultra-compact BNS system. We also show that adopting a survey integration time of $t_{\rm int} \sim 1$~min will maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, and thus, the probability of detecting an ultra-compact BNS system. Similarly, we use the sample of nine observed DNS systems to derive a Galactic DNS merger rate of $\mathcal{R}_{\rm MW} = 37^{+24}_{-11}$~Myr$^{-1}$, where the errors represent 90\% confidence intervals. Extrapolating this rate to the observable volume for LIGO, we derive a merger detection rate of $\mathcal{R} = 1.9^{+1.2}_{-0.6} \times \left(D_{\rm r}/100 \ \rm Mpc \right)^3 \rm yr^{-1}$, where $D_{\rm r}$ is the range distance for LIGO. This rate is consistent with that derived using the DNS mergers observed by LIGO. Finally, we measure the sense of rotation of the older millisecond pulsar, pulsar A, in the DNS J0737--3039 system and find that it rotates prograde with respect to its orbit. This is the first direct measurement of the sense of rotation of a pulsar and a direct confirmation of the rotating lighthouse model for pulsars. This result confirms that the spin angular momentum vector is closely aligned with the orbital angular momentum, suggesting that kick of the supernova producing the second born pulsar J0737--3039B was small.
description: PhD Dissertation (West Virginia University, 2020), 137 pages, 33 figures, 4 tables. Go to https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7691 for original version. Text overlap with: arxiv:1811.04086 (Chapter 2), arxiv:2002.10225 (Chapter 2), arxiv:1712.04360 (Chapter 4). Chapter 3 in peer review
Emergent Supersymmetry at Large $N$
Creators: name: Prakash, Shiroman
name: Sinha, Shubham Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for infrared fixed points of Gross-Neveu Yukawa models with matrix degrees of freedom in $d=4-\varepsilon$. We consider three models -- a model with $SU(N)$ symmetry in which the scalar and fermionic fields both transform in the adjoint representation, a model with $SO(N)$ symmetry in which the scalar and fermion fields both transform as real symmetric-traceless matrices, and a model with $SO(N)$ symmetry in which the scalar field transforms as a real symmetric-traceless matrix, while the fermion transforms in the adjoint representation. These models differ at finite $N$, but their large-$N$ limits are perturbatively equivalent. The first two models contain a supersymmetric fixed point for all $N$, which is attractive to all classically-marginal deformations for $N$ sufficiently large. The third model possesses a stable fixed point that, although non-supersymmetric, gives rise to many correlation functions that are identical to those of a supersymmetric fixed point when $N$ is sufficiently large. We also find several non-supersymmetric fixed points at finite and large-$N$. Planar diagrams dominate the large-$N$ limit of these fixed points, which suggests the possibility of a stringy holographic dual description.
description: 80 pages, 19 figures. v2: fixed typos and added references; v3: accepted for publication in JHEP
The use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for severe asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis
Creators: name: La via, Luigi
name: Cuttone, Giuseppe
name: Misseri, Giovanni
name: Sorbello, Massimiliano
name: Pappalardo, Federico
name: Maniaci, Antonino
name: Duarte-Medrano, Gilberto
name: Nuño-Lámbarri, Natalia
name: Zanza, Christian
name: Gregoretti, Cesare
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: To evaluate the effectiveness of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) versus standard therapy in severe asthma exacerbations through meta-analysis. Nine randomized controlled trials (344 patients) were analyzed from inception to August 2024. Primary outcomes included respiratory rate, forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), and oxygen saturation (SpO2). Random effect models and trial sequential analyses were employed. NPPV demonstrated significant reduction in respiratory rate versus standard therapy (mean difference [MD] -3.97, 95% CI -7.32 to -0.61, p = 0.02), though with high heterogeneity (I2 = 87%). FEV1 showed significant improvement with NPPV (MD 15.56%, 95% CI 6.86 to 24.26, p < 0.001) based on two studies. SpO2 showed no significant improvement (MD 0.62%, 95% CI -0.14 to 1.37, p = 0.11). No differences were found between pediatric and adult populations. Trial sequential analyses indicated insufficient evidence for definitive conclusions regarding respiratory rate and SpO2 improvements. While NPPV may benefit severe asthma patients, particularly in reducing respiratory rate and improving FEV1, current evidence is insufficient for recommending routine clinical use. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to establish NPPV’s effectiveness in severe asthma exacerbation treatment. registration ID CRD42024580051
The Conversion of Diamond Walnut Growers
Creators: name: Hardesty, Shermain D.
name: Hardesty, Shermain D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Crop Production/Industries

description: Three aspects of property rights theory are particularly relevant to the conversion of the walnut-marketing cooperative, Diamond Walnut Growers (DWG), into a publicly traded stockholder-owned corporation. The horizon problem became apparent when DWG began investing heavily in branded, value-added products. The resulting need for additional member capital raised the free rider problem. The principal-agent problem was also relevant, given the increasing complexity of DWG’s financing and marketing activities. An additional economic issue surrounding the conversion was the monopsonistic situation created when members signed long-term marketing agreements with the new firm that was maximizing shareholder value, rather than grower returns.
Confinement of spinons in the XXZ spin-1/2 chain in presence of the transverse magnetic field
Creators: name: Rutkevich, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the tuning effect of a transverse magnetic field on the confinement of spinons in the infinite XXZ spin-1/2 chain. The spinon confinement in this model takes place in the gapped antiferromagnetic phase upon application of a staggered longitudinal magnetic field. The tuning transverse magnetic field has mutually orthogonal uniform and staggered components. The energy spectra of the two-spinon bound states (the `mesons') in the confinement regime are analytically calculated in this model using two different perturbative schemes. The first one applies in the extreme anisotropic (Ising) limit and employs the inverse anisotropy constant as a small parameter. The second perturbative scheme, which applies at any anisotropy in the gapped antiferromagnetic domain, exploits the integrability of the XXZ spin chain at zero magnetic field. The small parameters in the second technique are the components of the transverse, and staggered longitudinal magnetic fields. It is shown, that the weak transverse magnetic field mixes the transverse and longitudinal meson modes, and leads to an avoided crossing of their energies upon increase of its strength. The explicit formulas for the two-spinon contribution to the dynamical structure factors of local spin operators are obtained as well in this model in the weak confinement regime for wave-vectors close to the points k = 0 and k = π.
description: v3: 38 pages, 14 figures. One section added, misprints corrected
Spitzer Constraints on the z=6.56 Galaxy Lensed by Abell 370
Creators: name: Chary, Ranga-Ram
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Eisenhardt, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on Spitzer IRAC observations of the spectroscopically confirmed z=6.56 lensed Ly-alpha emitting source HCM 6A which was found behind the cluster Abell 370. Detection of the source at 3.6 and 4.5 microns, corresponding to rest-frame optical emission, allows us to study the stellar population of this primeval galaxy. The broadband flux density at 4.5 microns is enhanced compared to the continuum at other wavelengths, likely due to the presence of strong H-alpha in emission. The derived H-alpha line flux corresponds to a star-formation rate of around 140 M_{sun}/yr, more than an order of magnitude larger than estimates from the ultraviolet continuum and Ly-alpha emission line. The dust extinction required to explain the discrepancy is A_V of about 1 mag. The inference of dust at such high redshifts is surprising and implies that the first epoch of star-formation in this galaxy occurred at z~20.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, ApJ Letters in press
Supplementary material for: Reproduction under light pollution: maladaptive response to spatial variation in artificial light in a glow-worm
Creators: name: Elgert, Christina
name: Hopkins, Juhani
name: Kaitala, Arja
name: Candolin, Ulrika
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary figure S1: A) The probability that the dummy females with different brightness (low, medium, high) attracted one or more males B) The probability that the dummy females with different brightness (low, medium, high) attracted one or more males in the absence (control) and presence of artificial light from a light pole. Control; low: n = 6; medium: n = 5; high: n = 8. Presence of light: low: n = 13; medium: n = 14; high: n = 11.
Farmers’ health and agricultural productivity in rural Ethiopia
Creators: name: Ulimwengu, John M.
name: Ulimwengu, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: health
subject: productivity
subject: stochastic frontier
subject: efficiency
subject: Ethiopia

description: This paper estimates a stochastic production using household survey data to analyze the relationship between farmers’ health impediments and agricultural production efficiency in Ethiopia. The results show that healthy farmers produce more per unit of inputs, earn more income and supply more labor than farmers affected by sickness. The model results show that production inefficiency increases significantly with the number of days lost to sickness. This finding suggests that investing in the health sector in rural areas will not only improve farmers’ agricultural performance but also increase their income. Policymakers should therefore devise strategies that will maximize the contribution of health investments to agricultural productivity and the overall rural economy.
Duality-reflection formulas of multiple polylogarithms and their $\ell$-adic Galois analogues
Creators: name: Shiraishi, Densuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G55, 11F80, 14H30

description: In the present paper, we derive formulas of complex and $\ell$-adic multiple polylogarithms, which have two aspects: a duality in terms of indexes and a reflection in terms of variables. We provide an algebraic proof of these formulas by using algebraic relations between associators arising from the $S_3$-symmetry of the projective line minus three points.
description: 9 pages
Finite-size behaviour of the microcanonical specific heat
Creators: name: Behringer, H.
name: Pleimling, M.
name: Hueller, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For models which exhibit a continuous phase transition in the thermodynamic limit a numerical study of small systems reveals a non-monotonic behaviour of the microcanonical specific heat as a function of the system size. This is in contrast to a treatment in the canonical ensemble where the maximum of the specific heat increases monotonically with the size of the system. A phenomenological theory is developed which permits to describe this peculiar behaviour of the microcanonical specific heat and allows in principle the determination of microcanonical critical exponents.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, submitted to J. Phys. A
Tensor monopoles and negative magnetoresistance effect in optical lattices
Creators: name: Ding, Hai-Tao
name: Zhu, Yan-Qing
name: Li, Zhi
name: Shao, Lubing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that a kind of four-dimensional (4D) Hamiltonians, which host tensor monopoles related to quantum metric tensor in even dimensions, can be simulated by ultracold atoms in the optical lattices. The topological properties and bulk-boundary correspondence of tensor monopoles are investigated in detail. By fixing the momentum along one of the dimensions, it can be reduced to an effective three-dimensional model manifesting with a nontrivial chiral insulator phase. Using the semiclassical Boltzmann equation, we calculate the longitudinal resistance against the magnetic field $B$ and find the negative relative magnetoresistance effect of approximately $ -B^{2} $ dependence when a hyperplane cuts through the tensor monopoles in the parameter space. We also propose an experimental scheme to realize this 4D Hamiltonian by introducing an external cyclical parameter in a 3D optical lattice. Moreover, we show that the quantum metric tensor and Berry curvature can be detected by applying an external drive in the optical lattices.
The efficiency of smallholder agriculture in Malawi
Creators: name: Tchale, Hardwick
name: Tchale, Hardwick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: smallholder agriculture
subject: efficiency
subject: Malawi

description: This paper analyses Malawi’s smallholder agricultural efficiency, using a nationally representative sample survey of rural households undertaken by the National Statistical Office in 2004/2005. It aims to inform agricultural policy about the level and key determinants of inefficiency in the smallholder farming system that need to be addressed to raise productivity. The study found that the factors that improve efficiency are higher output prices relative to input costs, favorable commodity and input markets, farmers’ organizations, extension, productive assets, and the quantity and productivity of household labor. The wide range of inefficient practices suggests there is considerable scope for improving efficiency in the smallholder sub-sector. The paper concludes with policy implications that highlight ways to achieve this goal.
Multifaceted pulmonary manifestations of amyloidosis: state-of-the-art update
Creators: name: Charokopos, Antonios
name: Baqir, Misbah
name: Roden, Anja C.
name: Ryu, Jay H.
name: Moua, Teng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Amyloidosis, a polymeric deposition disease classified according to protein subtype, may have varied pulmonary manifestations. Its anatomic-radiologic phenotypes include nodular, cystic, alveolar-septal, and tracheobronchial forms. Clinical presentation may range from asymptomatic parenchymal nodules to respiratory failure from diffuse parenchymal infiltration or diaphragmatic deposition. In this review, we systematically describe the molecular subtypes of amyloidosis and their clinical and radiologic findings in the lungs as well as key extrapulmonary organ systems. We detail novel treatment approaches to systemic amyloidosis. We also discuss prognostic elements for each subtype. We identify key clinical scenarios where reaching a precise diagnosis can be complicated, and we offer insights on the varied presentations of pulmonary amyloidosis. Pulmonary amyloidosis is often difficult to diagnose as it may mimic other conditions, including fibrotic interstitial lung diseases and neoplasms, or can co-exist with certain connective tissue diseases. Despite some early artificial intelligence screening tools, improved familiarity among clinicians can aid in the more accurate and timely diagnosis of this multidimensional clinical entity. We additionally believe that multidisciplinary clinical pathwaysto diagnose and/or treat pulmonary amyloidosis have the potential to improve awareness, decrease diagnostic delay, and further elucidate knowledge on this multifaceted disease.
Sex differences in reversal learning, a deeper dig from Testing the greater male variability phenomenon: male mountain chickadees exhibit larger variation in reversal learning performance compared to females
Creators: name: Branch, Carrie L.
name: Sonnenberg, Benjamin R.
name: Pitera, Angela M.
name: Benedict, Lauren M.
name: Kozlovsky, Dovid Y.
name: Bridge, Eli S.
name: Pravosudov, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Cognitive correlations and additional analyses by year
Spectral Narrowing via Quantum Coherence
Creators: name: Mikhailov, Eugeniy E.
name: Sautenkov, Vladimir A.
name: Rostovtsev, Yuri V.
name: Zhang, Aihua
name: Zubairy, M. Suhail
name: Scully, Marlan O.
name: Welch, George R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the transmission of an optically thick Rb vapor that is illuminated by monochromatic and noise broaden laser fields in Lambda configuration. The spectral width of the beat signal between the two fields after transmission through the atomic medium is more than 1000 times narrower than the spectral width of this signal before the medium.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Collins-Soper kernel from lattice QCD at the physical pion mass
Creators: name: Avkhadiev, Artur
name: Shanahan, Phiala
name: Wagman, Michael
name: Zhao, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents a determination of the quark Collins-Soper kernel, which relates transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) at different rapidity scales, using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This is the first lattice QCD calculation of the kernel at quark masses corresponding to a close-to-physical value of the pion mass, with next-to-next-leading logarithmic matching to TMDs from the corresponding lattice-calculable distributions, and includes a complete analysis of systematic uncertainties arising from operator mixing. The kernel is extracted at transverse momentum scales $240\,\text{MeV}\lesssim q_{T}\lesssim 1.6\,\text{GeV}$ with a precision sufficient to begin to discriminate between different phenomenological models in the non-perturbative region.
description: 52 pages, 47 figures, 3 tables
Magneto-controlled nonlinear optical materials
Creators: name: Huang, J. P.
name: Yu, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exploit theoretically a magneto-controlled nonlinear optical material which contains ferromagnetic nanoparticles with a non-magnetic metallic nonlinear shell in a host fluid. Such an optical material can have anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical properties and a giant enhancement of nonlinearity, as well as an attractive figure of merit.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures. To be published in Appl. Phys. Lett
Serving Member Interests in Changing Markets: A Case Study of Pro-Fac Cooperative
Creators: name: Henehan, Brian M.
name: Schmit, Todd M.
name: Henehan, Brian M.
name: Schmit, Todd M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: In response to considerable structural changes in the fruit and vegetable industry over the last fifty years, Pro-Fac Cooperative, Inc. has undergone significant adjustments to retain its competitive position and best represent farmer-member interests. Three distinct phases of operations are discussed that include various combinations of agricultural service, food processing, and product marketing activities. In particular, an ownership control rights framework is applied to the cooperative’s expansion into significant national branded product operations, and then to the ultimate decision to seek an outside equity infusion to address growing financial, managerial, and operational constraints facing the cooperative and its members.
Schwarzschild-like black holes: Light-like trajectories and massless scalar absorption
Creators: name: Magalhães, Renan B.
name: Leite, Luiz C. S.
name: Crispino, Luís C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black holes are among the most intriguing objects in nature. They are believed to be fully described by General Relativity (GR), and the astrophysical black holes are expected to belong to the Kerr family, obeying the no-hair theorems. Alternative theories of gravity or parameterized deviations of GR allow black hole solutions, which have additional parameters other than mass and angular momentum. We analyze a Schwarzschild-like metric, proposed by Johannsen and Psaltis, characterized by its mass and a deformation parameter. We compute the absorption cross section of massless scalar waves for different values of this deformation parameter and compare it with the corresponding scalar absorption cross section of the Schwarzschild black hole. We also present analytical approximations for the absorption cross section in the high-frequency regime. We check the consistence of our results comparing the numerical and analytical approaches, finding excellent agreement.
description: 8 pages, 14 figures
Pairwise kSZ signal extraction efficacy and optical depth estimation
Creators: name: Gong, Yulin
name: Bean, Rachel
name: Gallardo, Patricio A.
name: Vavagiakis, Eve M.
name: Battaglia, Nicholas
name: Niemack, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the efficacy of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich signal extraction pipeline, using pairwise kSZ measurements, in recovering unbiased estimates of the signal and inference of the associated optical depth. We consider the impact of cluster co-alignments along the line of sight, the modeling of baryonic clustering, and the presence of diffuse gas, as well as instrument beam convolution and noise. We demonstrate that two complementary approaches, aperture photometry, and a matched filter, can be used to recover an unbiased estimate of the cluster kSZ signal and the associated optical depth. Aperture photometry requires a correction factor accounting for the subtraction of signal in the annulus while the matched filter requires a tuning of the signal template profile. We show that both of these can be calibrated from simulated survey data. The optical depth estimates are also consistent with those inferred from stacked thermal SZ measurements. We apply the approaches to the publicly available Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) data. The techniques developed here provide a promising method to leverage upcoming kSZ measurements, from ACT, Simons Observatory, CCAT, and CMB-S4 with spectroscopic galaxy surveys from DESI, Euclid, and Roman, to constrain cosmological properties of the dark energy, gravity, and neutrino masses.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures. Updated to match the published version in PRD
A flare in the optical spotted in the changing-look Seyfert NGC 3516
Creators: name: Ilic, D.
name: Oknyansky, V.
name: Popovic, L. C.
name: Tsygankov, S. S.
name: Belinski, A. A.
name: Tatarnikov, A. M.
name: Dodin, A. V.
name: Shatsky, N. I.
name: Ikonnikova, N. P.
name: Rakic, N.
name: Kovacevic, A.
name: Marceta-Mandic, S.
name: Burlak, M. A.
name: Mishin, E. O.
name: Metlova, N. V.
name: Potanin, S. A.
name: Zheltoukhov, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations from the short-term intensive optical campaign (from Sep2019 to Jan2020) of the changing-look Seyfert NGC 3516. This active galactic nucleus is known to have strong optical variability and has changed its type in the past. It has been in the low-activity state in the optical since 2013, with some rebrightening from the end of 2015 to the beginning of 2016, after which it remained dormant. We aim to study the photometric and spectral variability of NGC 3516 from the new observations in U- and B-bands and examine the profiles of the optical broad emission lines in order to demonstrate that this object may be entering a new state of activity. NGC 3516 has been monitored intensively for the past 4 months with an automated telescope in U and B filters, enabling accurate photometry of 0.01 precision. Spectral observations were triggered when an increase in brightness was spotted. We support our analysis of past-episodes of violent variability with the UV and X-ray long-term light curves constructed from the archival Swift data. An increase of the photometric magnitude is seen in both U and B filters to a maximum amplitude of 0.25mag and 0.1 mag, respectively. During the flare, we observe stronger forbidden high-ionization iron lines than reported before, as well as the complex broad Ha and Hb lines. This is especially seen in Ha which appears to be double-peaked. It seems that a very broad component of ~10,000 km/s in width in the Balmer lines is appearing. The trends in the optical, UV, and X-ray light curves are similar, with the amplitudes of variability being significantly larger in the case of UV and X-ray bands. The increase of the continuum emission, the variability of the coronal lines, and the very broad component in the Balmer lines may indicate that the AGN of NGC 3516 is finally leaving the low-activity state in which it has been for the last ~3 years.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted in A&A (corrected after receiving comments from the language editor)
Suplemental Methods, Suplemental Results, Supplementary Figures from Evolution of drug-resistant and virulent small colonies in phenotypically diverse populations of the human fungal pathogen Candida glabrata
Creators: name: Duxbury, Sarah J. N.
name: Bates, Steven
name: Beardmore, Robert E.
name: Gudelj, Ivana
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Antimicrobial resistance frequently carries a fitness cost to a pathogen, measured as a reduction in growth rate compared to the sensitive wild-type, in the absence of antibiotics. Existing empirical evidence points to the following relationship between cost of resistance and virulence. If a resistant pathogen suffers a fitness cost in terms of reduced growth rate it commonly has lower virulence compared to the sensitive wild-type. If this cost is absent so is the reduction in virulence. Here we show, using experimental evolution of drug resistance in the fungal human pathogen Candida glabrata, that reduced growth rate of resistant strains need not result in reduced virulence. Phenotypically heterogeneous populations were evolved in parallel containing highly resistant sub-population small colony variants (SCVs) alongside sensitive sub-populations. Despite their low growth rate in the absence of an antifungal drug, the SCVs did not suffer a marked alteration in virulence compared with the wild-type ancestral strain, or their co-isolated sensitive strains. This contrasts with classical theory that assumes growth rate to positively correlate with virulence. Our work thus highlights the complexity of the relationship between resistance, basic life-history traits and virulence.
It’s not easy being green : overcoming the barriers to conducting green renovations in the home
Creators: name: Nicol, Lee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The construction, operation and demolition of buildings contributes significantly to the deterioration of the environment. Although much of the building industry is not well understood by the general public, the one aspect in which individuals can have a positive environmental influence is housing, especially during home renovation projects. This thesis has a two-fold objective. First, it attempts to identify the obstacles encountered by homeowners who try to renovate their home in a green manner. Secondly, it presents options to overcome these obstacles, thereby making green renovations a more feasible option for a broad cross-section of homeowners. Obstacles and the options for overcoming them were identified through interviews conducted with individuals involved in green renovations, including homeowners, contractors, non-profit organizations, for-profit businesses and government representatives. Options are explored by considering three approaches to increase the adoption of green renovations. The first approach addresses homeowners who are already inclined to renovate in a green manner, the second approach seeks to provide additional incentive for homeowners who are not inclined to renovate green, and the third approach is based on improving the availability of green materials, products and techniques that currently have limited use due to regulatory restrictions. It is concluded that a total approach to green renovations will comprise a number of elements including: increasing homeowner and contractor knowledge of green renovation options, improving affordability, promoting the synergistic benefits of health and savings, strengthening government roles, disseminating information by setting green building examples, and addressing regulatory barriers.
The rank of the fundamental group of certain hyperbolic 3-manifolds fibering over the circle
Creators: name: Souto, Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50, 57M07

description: We determine the rank of the fundamental group of those hyperbolic 3-manifolds fibering over the circle whose monodromy is a sufficiently high power of a pseudo-Anosov map. Moreover, we show that any two generating sets with minimal cardinality are Nielsen equivalent.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology Monographs on 29 April 2008
Asymptotic symmetries of Yang-Mills fields in Hamiltonian formulation
Creators: name: Tanzi, Roberto
name: Giulini, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the asymptotic symmetry group of the free SU(N)-Yang-Mills theory using the Hamiltonian formalism. We closely follow the strategy of Henneaux and Troessaert who successfully applied the Hamiltonian formalism to the case of gravity and electrodynamics, thereby deriving the respective asymptotic symmetry groups of these theories from clear-cut first principles. These principles include the minimal assumptions that are necessary to ensure the existence of Hamiltonian structures (phase space, symplectic form, differentiable Hamiltonian) and, in case of Poincaré invariant theories, a canonical action of the Poincaré group. In the first part of the paper we show how these requirements can be met in the non-abelian SU(N)-Yang-Mills case by imposing suitable fall-off and parity conditions on the fields. We observe that these conditions admit neither non-trivial asymptotic symmetries nor non-zero global charges. In the second part of the paper we discuss possible gradual relaxations of these conditions by following the same strategy that Henneaux and Troessaert had employed to remedy a similar situation in the electromagnetic case. Contrary to our expectation and the findings of Henneaux and Troessaert for the abelian case, there seems to be no relaxation that meets the requirements of a Hamiltonian formalism and allows for non-trivial asymptotic symmetries and charges. Non-trivial asymptotic symmetries and charges are only possible if either the Poincaré group fails to act canonically or if the formal expression for the symplectic form diverges, i.e. the form does not exist. This seems to hint at a kind of colour-confinement built into the classical Hamiltonian formulation of non-abelian gauge theories.
description: We have corrected a few typos and an omission in equation (6.3), introducing a new appendix with its derivation. The rest of the paper and the conclusions are unchanged. Accepted and published on JHEP
Immune checkpoint inhibitors plus taxane-based chemotherapy for patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis across different PD-L1 expression levels
Creators: name: Abushanab, Aws Khalid
name: Mustafa, Mus’ab Theeb
name: Mousa, Mahmoud Taysir
name: Albanawi, Renad Fawwaz
name: Alkhalaileh, Razan Mohammad
name: Alqudah, Ghaith Nahar
name: Abu Zaina, Razan Feras
name: Abu Sitta, Zaina Ammar
name: Almasri, Issa Mohammad
name: Abuquteish, Dua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: Space Science
Molecular Biology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently the primary approach for managing NSCLC. However, numerous combination therapies are currently under investigation. Our goal is to investigate the overall efficacy and safety of ICIs and taxane-based chemotherapy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching web databases for relevant literature. We limited our eligibility to phase II/III randomized clinical trials involving advanced/metastatic NSCLC patients. We performed a meta-analysis encompassing nineteen studies derived from sixteen RCTs. For patients with sq-NSCLC PD-L1 ≥ 50%, using ICIs plus taxane significantly improve PFS and OS with HR of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.45–0.74, p < 0.0001) and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.33–0.50, p < 0.00001), respectively. For patients with non-sq NSCLC PD-L1 1–49%, the analysis revealed significant improvement of OS and PFS with HR of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.47–0.88, p = 0.005) and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.47–0.81, p = 0.0004), respectively. For TRAEs of all grades, ICIs plus taxane resulted with no significant difference compared to control group with risk ratio (RR) 1.00 (95% CI 0.99–1.02). The analysis revealed significant improvement in efficacy of ICIs with taxane in advanced/metastatic NSCLC patients compared with ICI/taxane monotherapy. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42023447532).