Assessment of Self Care Practices and Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Lemessa, Feyissa
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: Background: Diabetes is a general term for a group of metabolic disorder that affects the body's ability to process and use sugar (glucose) for energy. The three most important forms of diabetes are type I, type II and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes results from cell destruction usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes results from a progressive insulin secretary defect on the background of insulin resistance. Diabetes is a serious public health problem that threatens the quality of life, the success of long term maintenance therapy for diabetes depends largely on patients' adherence with self care practice. Objectives: To assess diabetes self care practices and associated factors among diabetic patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study design was utilized, 328 study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling technique and the data was collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaires, data was entered in to EPI INFO version 3.5.4 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequencies and cross tab was computed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was computed to assess statistical association between the outcome variable using Odds Ratio, significant of statistical association was assured or tested using 95% and p value (&lt;0.05). Scoring method was employed to classify patients' self care practice level as adhered or not adhered. Results: The response rate was 98.8% of all respondents 174(53.7%) and 150(46.3%) were female and male respectively. The majority of study subjects 221(68.2%) were in the age group of 30 to 60 years. Most of respondents were orthodox Christian 259(79.9%) by religion and Amhara 170(52.5%) by ethnicity. About 243(75%), 238(73.5%), 187(57.7%), 72(22.2%) wer attended formal education, married, unemployed and had very low monthly income respectively. Majority 207(63.9%) respondents were not adhered to SMBG practice. A total of 204(63%) respondents were adhered to anti-diabetic medications. The majority 191(58.9%) were not adhered to recommended diet management practices, one hundred fifty nine (49.1%) were reported adhered to physical activity that meet the recommended guidelines. Of all study participants about 172(53.1%) respondents were adhered to the recommended diabetic foot care practices. Over all self care practices (SDSCA) were reported as adhered in 167(51.5%) participants. There was a significant association between level of education, monthly income, presence of glucometry at home, marital status, age and gender and self care practices. But there was no significant association between duration of diabetes, occupation and family history of diabetic and self care practices. Conclusion: Despite the important role of self care practices in management of diabetes were recognized to be useful and effective in achieving diabetes control and preventing its serious complications, finding of this study were indicated that most patients had no adherence to self care practice especially in SMBG and diet management. Generally, adherence to self care practice was suboptimal among type II diabetic patients in TASH Endocrinology unit. Recommendation: Health care personnel must increase patient's awareness on the importance of all domains of self care practices and strongly promote the practice through effective IEC program. Keywords: adherence, self care, self care practice, diabetic complications, associated factor