cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Temperature induced Lifshitz transition in WTe2
Creators: name: Wu, Yun
name: Jo, Na Hyun
name: Ochi, Masayuki
name: Huang, Lunan
name: Mou, Daixiang
name: Bud'ko, Sergey L.
name: Canfield, P. C.
name: Trivedi, Nandini
name: Arita, Ryotaro
name: Kaminski, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use ultra-high resolution, tunable, VUV laser-based, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and temperature and field dependent resistivity and thermoelectric power (TEP) measurements to study the electronic properties of WTe2, a compound that manifests exceptionally large, temperature dependent magnetoresistance. The temperature dependence of the TEP shows a change of slope at T=175 K and the Kohler rule breaks down above 70-140 K range. The Fermi surface consists of two electron pockets and two pairs of hole pockets along the X-Gamma-X direction. Upon increase of temperature from 40K, the hole pockets gradually sink below the chemical potential. Like BaFe2As2, WTe2 has clear and substantial changes in its Fermi surface driven by modest changes in temperature. In WTe2, this leads to a rare example of temperature induced Lifshitz transition, associated with the complete disappearance of the hole pockets. These dramatic changes of the electronic structure naturally explain unusual features of the transport data.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Nonequilibrium variational-cluster approach to real-time dynamics in the Fermi-Hubbard model
Creators: name: Hofmann, Felix
name: Eckstein, Martin
name: Potthoff, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonequilibrium variational-cluster approach is applied to study the real-time dynamics of the double occupancy in the one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model after different fast changes of hopping parameters. A simple reference system, consisting of isolated Hubbard dimers, is used to discuss different aspects of the numerical implementation of the approach in the general framework of nonequilibrium self-energy functional theory. Opposed to a direct solution of the Euler equation, its time derivative is found to serve as numerically tractable and stable conditional equation to fix the time-dependent variational parameters.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Assessment of biological responses of EpiAirway 3-D cell constructs versus A549 cells for determining toxicity of ambient air pollution
Creators: name: Jaspers, Ilona
name: Vizuete, William
name: Lichtveld, Kim
name: Sexton, Kenneth G.
name: Zavala, Jose
name: Obrien, Bridget
name: Rusyn, Ivan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: EpiAirway™ 3-D constructs are human-derived cell cultures of differentiated airway epithelial cells that may represent a more biologically relevant model of the human lung. However, limited information is available of its utility for exposures to air pollutants at the air-liquid interface (ALI).
Additional file 1 of Hospital managers’ views on the state of patient safety culture across three regions in Ghana
Creators: name: Tenza, Immaculate Sabelile
name: Attafuah, Priscilla Y. A.
name: Abor, Patience
name: Nketiah-Amponsah, Edward
name: Abuosi, Aaron Asibi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Demographic data of participants.
Differential expression of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators induced by nitrogen dioxide and ozone in primary human bronchial epithelial cells
Creators: name: Mirowsky, Jaime E.
name: Devlin, Robert B.
name: Dailey, Lisa A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: NO2 and O3 are ubiquitous air toxicants capable of inducing lung damage to the respiratory epithelium. Due to their oxidizing capabilities, these pollutants have been proposed to target specific biological pathways, but few publications have compared the pathways activated.
Additional file 10 of Elevation of serum interleukin-1β levels as a potential indicator for malarial infection and severe malaria: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Mahittikorn, Aongart
name: Kwankaew, Pattamaporn
name: Rattaprasert, Pongruj
name: Kotepui, Kwuntida Uthaisar
name: Masangkay, Frederick Ramirez
name: Kotepui, Manas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 10. PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist.
Temporal structure/function variation in cultured differentiated human nasal epithelium associated with acute single exposure to tobacco smoke or E-cigarette vapor
Creators: name: Brighton, Luisa
name: Zhou, Haibo
name: Hazucha, Milan
name: Mills, Katherine H.
name: Carson, Johnny L.
name: Zhou, Laura
name: Jaspers, Ilona
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Mucociliary clearance sustains a baseline functionality and an “on demand” capability to upregulate clearance upon irritant exposure involving mucus hypersecretion and accelerated ciliary beat frequency (CBF) modulated by nitric oxide (NO). This study characterized these elements as well as cellular and exogenous NO concentrations subsequent to a single exposure to tobacco smoke (TS) or e-cigarette vapor (EV) on cultured human airway epithelium.
Effect of direct and indirect transfer status on trauma mortality in sub Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Boschini, Laura P.
name: Lu-Myers, Yemeng
name: Charles, Anthony G.
name: Cairns, Bruce
name: Msiska, Nelson
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Traumatic injuries account for the greatest portion of global surgical burden particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). To assess effectiveness of a developing trauma system, we hypothesize that there are survival differences between direct and indirect transfer of trauma patients to a tertiary hospital in sub Saharan Africa.
4d/3d reduction of s-confining theories: the role of the "exotic" D instantons
Creators: name: Amariti, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the reduction of 4d dualities to 3d there are non-perturbative effects arising from monopoles acting as instantons. This mechanism has been reproduced in string theory by engineering the theories in a IIA brane setup. Nevertheless there are limiting cases of the 4d dualities where the dual theories are actually confined phases of the UV gauge theories. In these cases the monopoles are absent and the mechanism of reduction of the 4d duality has to be modified. In this paper we investigate such modification in the brane setup. The main observation behind our analysis is that in the 4d case the superpotential of the confined theories can been obtained also as the "exotic" contribution of a D0 brane, a stringy instanton. When considering these configurations we reproduce the field theory results in the brane setup. We study both the unitary and the symplectic case. As a further check we study the reduction of the 4d superconformal index to the 3d partition function for these theories.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, references added
Circuit electromechanics with single photon strong coupling
Creators: name: Xue, Zheng-Yuan
name: Yang, Li-Na
name: Zhou, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In circuit electromechanics, the coupling strength is usually very small. Here, replacing the capacitor in circuit electromechanics by a superconducting flux qubit, we show that the coupling among the qubit and the two resonators can induce effective electromechanical coupling which can attain the strong coupling regime at the single photon level with feasible experimental parameters. We use dispersive couplings among two resonators and the qubit while the qubit is also driven by an external classical field. These couplings form a three-wave mixing configuration among the three elements where the qubit degree of freedom can be adiabatically eliminated, and thus results in the enhanced coupling between the two resonators. Therefore, our work constitutes the first step towards studying quantum nonlinear effect in circuit electromechanics.
description: v1: Submitted for publication on April 2; v2 final published version
Additional file 11 of Elevation of serum interleukin-1β levels as a potential indicator for malarial infection and severe malaria: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Mahittikorn, Aongart
name: Kwankaew, Pattamaporn
name: Rattaprasert, Pongruj
name: Kotepui, Kwuntida Uthaisar
name: Masangkay, Frederick Ramirez
name: Kotepui, Manas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 11. PRISMA 2020 checklist.
Hiding in Plain Sight: The Bimetallic Magnesium Covalent Bond in Enzyme Active Sites
Creators: name: Beard, William A.
name: Pedersen, Lee G.
name: Perera, Lalith
name: Wilson, Samuel H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The transfer of phosphate groups is an essential function of many intracellular biological enzymes. The transfer is in many cases facilitated by a protein scaffold involving two closely spaced magnesium "ions". It has long been a mystery how these "ions" can retain their closely spaced positions throughout enzymatic phosphate transfer: Coulomb's law would dictate large repulsive forces between these ions at the observed distances. Here we show, however, that the electron density can be borrowed from nearby electron-rich oxygens to populate a bonding molecular orbital that is largely localized between the magnesium "ions". The result is that the Mg-Mg core of these phosphate transfer enzymes is surprisingly similar to a metastable [Mg2]2+ ion in the gas phase, an ion that has been identified experimentally and studied with high-level quantum-mechanical calculations. This similarity is confirmed by comparative computations of the electron densities of [Mg2]2+ in the gas phase and the Mg-Mg core in the structures derived from QM/MM studies of high-resolution X-ray crystal structures. That there is a level of covalent bonding between the two Mg "ions" at the core of these enzymes is a novel concept that enables an improved vision of how these enzymes function at the molecular level. The concept is broader than magnesium-other biologically relevant metals (e.g., Mn and Zn) can also form similar stabilizing covalent Me-Me bonds in both organometallic and inorganic crystals.
Does the utilization of telemedicine on adult ICU interdisciplinary rounds improve family engagement?
Creators: name: Johnson, Deptina
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Purpose of Project: Patient and Family-Centered Care (PFCC) involves including the patient and family in the planning, delivery, and evaluation of care provided within the healthcare system. Telemedicine has been suggested as a means to connect and engage with patients and their family members. This quality improvement project will evaluate the utilization of telemedicine on interdisciplinary rounds to improve family engagement in an adult ICU setting. Methodology: ICU clinicians and family members were surveyed on their perceptions of facetime during ICU rounds and its impact on engagement, communication, convenience, receiving updates, and appropriateness. Results: Results show a statistically significant association between ICU clinicians who strongly agreed that facetime helped communicate effectively and also strongly agreed that they were more engaged when talking to family on facetime (Pearson r = .700, p = .001). Implications for Practice: Despite reduced visiting hours related to the COVID-19 pandemic, negatively impacting the quality of communication between providers and family, this study showed that telemedicine utilized during daily rounds engaged family and provided an increased quality of communication for the plan of care of the patient. Improving the quality of communication between providers and families improved safety and shared decision-making opportunities during the treatment of the patient. Education initiatives on the appropriate way to utilize telemedicine on rounds ensure safe and effective practice change and increased sustainability.
Microalloying and the mechanical properties of amorphous solids
Creators: name: Hentschel, H. George E.
name: Moshe, Michael
name: Procaccia, Itamar
name: Samwer, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanical properties of amorphous solids like metallic glasses can be dramatically changed by adding small concentrations (as low as 0.1\%) of foreign elements. The glass-forming-ability, the ductility, the yield stress and the elastic moduli can all be greatly effected. This paper presents theoretical considerations with the aim of explaining the magnitude of these changes in light of the small concentrations involved. The theory is built around the experimental evidence that the microalloying elements organize around them a neighborhood that differs from both the crystalline and the glassy phases of the material in the absence of the additional elements. These regions act as {\em isotropic} defects that in unstressed systems dress the shear moduli. When strained, these defects interact with the incipient plastic responses which are quadrupolar in nature. It will be shown that this interaction interferes with the creation of system-spanning shear bands and increases the yield strain. We offer experimentally testable estimates of the lengths of nano-shear bands in the presence of the additional elements.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
A MULTI-FIDELITY MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL TESTBED FOR TESTING & EVALUATION OF LEARNING-BASED SYSTEMS
Creators: name: Sonanis, Atharva Mahesh
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 401006
subject: Systems engineering
classificationCode: 401799
subject: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Learning-based systems (LBS) have become essential in various domains, necessitating the development of testing and evaluation (T&E) procedures specifically tailored to address the unique characteristics and challenges of LBS. However, existing frameworks designed for traditional systems do not adequately capture the intricacies of LBS, including their evolving nature, complexity, and susceptibility to adversarial actions. This study advocates for a paradigm shift in T&E, proposing its integration throughout the entire life cycle of LBS, starting from the early stages of development and extending to operations and sustainment. The research objectives focus on exploring innovative approaches for designing LBS-specific T&E strategies, creating an experimental testbed with multi-fidelity modeling capabilities, investigating the optimal degree of test and evaluation required for LBS, and examining the impact of system knowledge access and the delicate balance between T&E activities and data/model rights. These objectives aim to overcome the challenges associated with LBS and contribute to the development of effective testing approaches that assess their capabilities and limitations throughout the life cycle. The proposed experimental testbed will provide a versatile environment for comprehensive testing and evaluation, enabling researchers and practitioners to assess LBS performance across varying levels of complexity. The findings from this study will contribute the development of efficient testing strategies and practical approaches that strike a balance between thorough evaluation and data/model rights. Ultimately, the integration of continuous T&E insights throughout the life cycle of LBS aims to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of capability delivery by enabling adjustments and improvements at each stage.
Spin-Induced Polarizations and Non-Reciprocal Directional Dichroism of Multiferroic BiFeO$_3$
Creators: name: Fishman, Randy S.
name: Lee, Jun Hee
name: Bordács, Sándor
name: Kézsmárki, István
name: Nagel, Urmas
name: Rõõm, Toomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microscopic model for the room-temperature multiferroic BiFeO$_3$ that includes two Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and single-ion anisotropy along the ferroelectric polarization predicts both the zero-field spectroscopic modes as well as their splitting and evolution in a magnetic field. Due to simultaneously broken time-reversal and spatial-inversion symmetries, the absorption of light changes as the magnetic field or the direction of light propagation is reversed. We discuss three physical mechanisms that may contribute to this absorption asymmetry known as non-reciprocal directional dichroism: the spin current, magnetostriction, and single-ion anisotropy. We conclude that the non-reciprocal directional dichroism in \BF is dominated by the spin-current polarization and is insensitive to the magnetostriction and easy-axis anisotropy. With three independent spin-current parameters, our model accurately describes the non-reciprocal directional dichroism observed for magnetic field along $[1,-1,0]$. Since some modes are almost transparent to light traveling in one direction but opaque for light traveling in the opposite direction, BiFeO$_3$ can be used as a room-temperature optical diode at certain frequencies in the GHz to THz range. Our work demonstrates that an analysis of the non-reciprocal directional dichroism spectra based on an effective spin model supplemented by first-principles calculations can produce a quantitative microscopic theory of the magnetoelectric couplings in multiferroic materials.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
RHAPSODY-G simulations II - Baryonic growth and metal enrichment in massive galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Martizzi, Davide
name: Hahn, Oliver
name: Wu, Hao-Yi
name: Evrard, August E.
name: Teyssier, Romain
name: Wechsler, Risa H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of the stellar component and the metallicity of both the intracluster medium and of stars in massive ($M_{\rm vir}\approx 6\times 10^{14}$ M$_{\odot}/h$) simulated galaxy clusters from the Rhapsody-G suite in detail and compare them to observational results. The simulations were performed with the AMR code RAMSES and include the effect of AGN feedback at the sub-grid level. AGN feedback is required to produce realistic galaxy and cluster properties and plays a role in mixing material in the central regions and regulating star formation in the central galaxy. In both our low and high resolution runs with fiducial stellar yields, we find that stellar and ICM metallicities are a factor of two lower than in observations. We find that cool core clusters exhibit steeper metallicity gradients than non-cool core clusters, in qualitative agreement with observations. We verify that the ICM metallicities measured in the simulation can be explained by a simple "regulator" model in which the metallicity is set by a balance of stellar yield and gas accretion. It is plausible that a combination of higher resolution and higher metal yield in AMR simulation would allow the metallicity of simulated clusters to match observed values; however this hypothesis needs to be tested with future simulations. Comparison to recent literature highlights that results concerning the metallicity of clusters and cluster galaxies might depend sensitively on the scheme chosen to solve the hydrodynamics.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication on MNRAS
Asymptotic scaling and continuum limit of pure SU(3) lattice gauge theory
Creators: name: Berg, Bernd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the Yang-Mills gradient flow of pure SU(3) lattice gauge theory has been calculated in the range from $β=6/g_0^2=6.3$ to~7.5 (Asakawa et al.), where $g_0^2$ is the bare coupling constant of the SU(3) Wilson action. Estimates of the deconfining phase transition are available from $β=5.7$ to~6.8 (Francis et al.). Here it is shown that the entire range from 5.7 to 7.5 is well described by a power series of the lattice spacing $a$ times the lambda lattice mass scale $Λ_L$, using asymptotic scaling in the 2-loop and 3-loop approximations for $aΛ_L$. In both cases identical ratios for gradient flows versus deconfinement observables are obtained. Differences in the normalization constants with respect to $Λ_L$ give a handle on their systematic errors.
description: Extended version 6 pages, 3 figures
Improving identification of patients at risk for developing a diabetic foot ulcer in primary care
Creators: name: Franco, Ingrid L.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Purpose of Project: To improve early identification of patients with diabetes at risk for developing a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in the primary care setting with the long-term goal of reducing DFUs. Methodology: A quality improvement project with a pre- and post-intervention design with a retrospective chart review to evaluate the effect of a DFU prevention protocol based on the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) guidelines. Results: A total of 36 patients were in the pre-intervention group and 36 in the post-intervention group (N=72). Risk stratification was assigned for 66 patients and distributed as follows: 66.7% very low risk; 19.7% low risk; 9.1% moderate risk, and 4.5% high risk. Compliance to risk stratification in the post-intervention group was low (n=2). However, this did not negatively impact patient care. In the post-intervention group, analysis of guideline interventions revealed that even in the absence of assignment of a defined risk category, the appropriate guideline interventions were provided based on the documentation (p=.005). Clinically significant findings in the post-intervention phase included a decrease in noncompliance to documented food care education from 27.8% (pre-intervention) to 8.3% (post-intervention). The number of referrals to podiatry increased from 52.8% in the pre-intervention group to 75.0% in the post-intervention group. Implications for Practice: Increasing the awareness and knowledge of primary care providers (PCPs) on risk factors and stratification, is an important step in the management of patients at risk for DFUs. Additionally, the intensity and frequency of education provided to patients with diabetes should be based on risk. Healthcare policy is needed to improve access to diabetic shoes by permitting Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) to certify their medical need. Clinicians can ensure high quality care by participating in the Merit-based Incentive System (MIPS) with a Clinical Quality Measure (CQM) specific to diabetic foot screening. To reduce the overall financial burden of DFUs, more emphasis on recognizing early signs of pre-ulceration along with screening of risk factors is needed.
On the void explanation of the Cold Spot
Creators: name: Marcos-Caballero, A.
name: Fernández-Cobos, R.
name: Martínez-González, E.
name: Vielva, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) contribution induced on the cosmic microwave background by the presence of a supervoid as the one detected by Szapudi et al. (2015) is reviewed in this letter in order to check whether it could explain the Cold Spot (CS) anomaly. Two different models, previously used for the same purpose, are considered to describe the matter density profile of the void: a top hat function and a compensated profile produced by a Gaussian potential. The analysis shows that, even enabling ellipticity changes or different values for the dark-energy equation of state parameter $ω$, the ISW contribution due to the presence of the void does not reproduce the properties of the CS. Finally, the probability of alignment between the void and the CS is also questioned as an argument in favor of a physical connection between these two phenomena.
Communication and Outreach Activities Strategy Plan
Creators: name: Yankelevich, Tatsiana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: communication
engagement
strategy
citizen science
sustainability
urban transformation

description: Effective and strategic communication is an essential tool that will help OPUSH achieve its results and involve all relevant stakeholders. Centralised communication channels, such as the project website and social media accounts have been established to communicate project objectives and results to a wider audience. However, due to the localised nature of the project and its activities, the consortium has chosen to pursue more decentralised communication channels as primary outreach tools to better reach the identified target audiences.
 This communication and outreach strategy identifies communication goals and guiding principles, target audiences and associated communication approaches for each audience, as well as communication channels and materials that will be used throughout project implementation. The flexible nature of the strategy and its continuous evaluation and adjustment are given special attention so as to ensure the effectiveness of project communication and outreach overtime.
description: This is a living document. Other updated versions of this deliverable will be uploaded as versions of this document as the project advances in its implementation.
GAPS - Dark matter search with low-energy cosmic-ray antideuterons and antiprotons
Creators: name: von Doetinchem, P.
name: Aramaki, T.
name: Boggs, S.
name: Fuke, H.
name: Hailey, C. J.
name: Mognet, S. I.
name: Ong, R. A.
name: Perez, K.
name: Zweerink, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GAPS experiment is foreseen to carry out a dark matter search by measuring low-energy cosmic-ray antideuterons and antiprotons with a novel detection approach. It will provide a new avenue to access a wide range of different dark matter models and masses from about 10GeV to 1TeV. The theoretically predicted antideuteron flux resulting from secondary interactions of primary cosmic rays is very low. Well-motivated theories beyond the Standard Model contain viable dark matter candidates, which could lead to a significant enhancement of the antideuteron flux due to annihilation or decay of dark matter particles. This flux contribution is believed to be especially large at low energies, which leads to a high discovery potential for GAPS. The GAPS low-energy antiproton search will provide some of the most stringent constraints on ~30GeV dark matter, will provide the best limits on primordial black hole evaporation on galactic length scales, and explore new discovery space in cosmic-ray physics. GAPS is designed to achieve its goals via long duration balloon flights at high altitude in Antarctica. The detector itself will consist of 10 planes of Si(Li) solid state detectors and a surrounding time-of-flight system. Antideuterons and antiprotons will be slowed down in the Si(Li) material, replace a shell electron and form an excited exotic atom. The atom will be deexcited by characteristic X-ray transitions and will end its life by the formation of an annihilation pion/proton star. This unique event structure will deliver a nearly background free detection possibility.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, ICRC 2015 proceedings
Particle-hole symmetry, many-body localization, and topological edge modes
Creators: name: Vasseur, Romain
name: Friedman, Aaron J.
name: Parameswaran, S. A.
name: Potter, Andrew C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the excited states of interacting fermions in one dimension with particle-hole symmetric disorder (equivalently, random-bond XXZ chains) using a combination of renormalization group methods and exact diagonalization. Absent interactions, the entire many-body spectrum exhibits infinite-randomness quantum critical behavior with highly degenerate excited states. We show that though interactions are an irrelevant perturbation in the ground state, they drastically affect the structure of excited states: even arbitrarily weak interactions split the degeneracies in favor of thermalization (weak disorder) or spontaneously broken particle-hole symmetry, driving the system into a many-body localized spin glass phase (strong disorder). In both cases, the quantum critical properties of the non-interacting model are destroyed, either by thermal decoherence or spontaneous symmetry breaking. This system then has the interesting and counterintuitive property that edges of the many-body spectrum are less localized than the center of the spectrum. We argue that our results rule out the existence of certain excited state symmetry-protected topological orders.
description: 9 pages. 7 figures
Examining the Effects of Chromatic Aberration, Object Distance, and Eye Shape on Image-Formation in the Mirror-Based Eyes of the Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians
Creators: name: Chhetri, Raghav K.
name: Speiser, Daniel I.
name: Oldenburg, Amy L.
name: Johnsen, Sönke
name: Gagnon, Yakir Luc
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The eyes of scallops form images using a concave spherical mirror and contain two separate retinas, one layered on top of the other. Behavioral and electrophysiological studies indicate that the images formed by these eyes have angular resolutions of about 2°. Based on previous ray-tracing models, it has been thought that the more distal of the two retinas lies near the focal point of the mirror and that the proximal retina, positioned closer to the mirror at the back of the eye, receives light that is out-of-focus. Here, we propose three mechanisms through which both retinas may receive focused light: (1) chromatic aberration produced by the lens may cause the focal points for longer and shorter wavelengths to fall near the distal and proximal retinas, respectively; (2) focused light from near and far objects may fall on the distal and proximal retinas, respectively; and (3) the eyes of scallops may be dynamic structures that change shape to determine which retina receives focused light. To test our hypotheses, we used optical coherence tomography (OCT), a method of near-infrared optical depth-ranging, to acquire virtual cross-sections of live, intact eyes from the bay scallop Argopecten irradians . Next, we used a custom-built ray-tracing model to estimate the qualities of the images that fall on an eye’s distal and proximal retinas as functions of the wavelengths of light entering the eye (400–700 nm), object distances (0.01–1 m), and the overall shape of the eye. When we assume 550 nm wavelength light and object distances greater than 0.01 m, our model predicts that the angular resolutions of the distal and proximal retinas are 2° and 7°, respectively. Our model also predicts that neither chromatic aberration nor differences in object distance lead to focused light falling on the distal and proximal retinas simultaneously. However, if scallops can manipulate the shapes of their eyes, perhaps through muscle contractions, we speculate that they may be able to influence the qualities of the images that fall on their proximal retinas and—to a lesser extent—those that fall on their distal retinas as well.
Additional file 7 of Elevation of serum interleukin-1β levels as a potential indicator for malarial infection and severe malaria: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Mahittikorn, Aongart
name: Kwankaew, Pattamaporn
name: Rattaprasert, Pongruj
name: Kotepui, Kwuntida Uthaisar
name: Masangkay, Frederick Ramirez
name: Kotepui, Manas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 7: Table S1. Search terms.
Semi-Implicit Time Integration of Atmospheric Flows with Characteristic-Based Flux Partitioning
Creators: name: Ghosh, Debojyoti
name: Constantinescu, Emil M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M06, 86A10, 76N15

description: This paper presents a characteristic-based flux partitioning for the semi-implicit time integration of atmospheric flows. Nonhydrostatic models require the solution of the compressible Euler equations. The acoustic time-scale is significantly faster than the advective scale, yet it is typically not relevant to atmospheric and weather phenomena. The acoustic and advective components of the hyperbolic flux are separated in the characteristic space. High-order, conservative additive Runge-Kutta methods are applied to the partitioned equations so that the acoustic component is integrated in time implicitly with an unconditionally stable method, while the advective component is integrated explicitly. The time step of the overall algorithm is thus determined by the advective scale. Benchmark flow problems are used to demonstrate the accuracy, stability, and convergence of the proposed algorithm. The computational cost of the partitioned semi-implicit approach is compared with that of explicit time integration.
The accretion rate and minimum spin period of accreting pulsars
Creators: name: Bonanno, Alfio
name: Urpin, Vadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider combined rotational, magnetic, and thermal evolution of the neutron star during the accretion phase in a binary system. A rapid accretion-driven decay of the magnetic field decreases substantially the efficiency of angular momentum transfer. As a result, the neutron star cannot spin up to periods shorter than some limiting value even if accretion is very long and accretion rate is high. The proposed mechanism can explain a discrepancy between the shortest detected period and minimal possible spin period of neutron stars.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, MNRAS in press, figure 2 label typo corrected
Political power sharing in post-conflict democracies: investigating effects on vertical and horizontal accountability
Creators: name: Johnson, Chelsea
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: While it may be necessary to secure elite buy-in to peaceful competition, the literature is pessimistic about the long-term effects of a power-sharing settlement on the quality of democracy. Designing institutions to guarantee political inclusion is commonly thought to undermine vertical and horizontal accountability by incentivizing rent-seeking over responsiveness to voters. This study employs data from the Varieties of Democracy project to test arguments about the pernicious institutional effects of political power-sharing settlements in post-conflict democracies, relying on a panel dataset of 28 conflict-prone states in Sub-Saharan Africa since the onset of democracy’s Third Wave (1990–2021). The analytical technique is a time-series linear regression distinguishing between upturns and downturns across a range of continuous measures of accountability. The results show that, in line with much of the literature, political power-sharing settlements are associated with increasing executive corruption and fewer improvements in the rule of law. However, none of the other proposed mechanisms linking political power sharing to poor accountability outcomes finds consistent or significant support in the cross-national sample. Overall, these findings suggest that the relatively undemocratic institutional concessions designed to resolve conflict may not pose the serious barrier to democratic deepening and consolidation as previously assumed.
NNLO BFKL Pomeron eigenvalue in N=4 SYM
Creators: name: Gromov, Nikolay
name: Levkovich-Maslyuk, Fedor
name: Sizov, Grigory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain an analytical expression for the Next-to-Next-to-Leading order of the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) Pomeron eigenvalue in planar SYM N=4 using Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC) integrability based method. The result is verified with more than 60 digits precision using the numerical method developed by us in a previous paper. As a byproduct we developed a general analytic method of solving the QSC perturbatively.
description: 6 pages; v2: typos fixed, references and supplementary Mathematica files added
Women and Teaching Profession
Creators: name: Dhal, Pravat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Teacher education and professional development of educators

description: The existing number of women teachers - particularly in the pre-primary and primary levels - is a significant phenomenon. Many countries like: Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom are denoting that women represent a significant majority of the teaching workforce. An increased number of female teachers in the teaching profession are often associated with education systems. To explore the issue of feminization as it relates to the practice of education the Commonwealth Secretariat and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, with support from the Commonwealth of Learning, launched a study encompassing five countries. It explores about feminization from a variety of perspectives that have dominated much of the discourse on the role of women teachers within expanding education systems, particularly within primary education provision. Four of the countries -Dominica, Lesotho, Samoa and Sri Lanka - have a majority of women teachers in their teaching workforce. In the case of India, the study focuses on the contrasting state-level experiences of Kerala and Rajasthan; Kerala is known for the high percentage of female teachers in its workforce, whereas, in Rajasthan, female teachers are few. The study analyses issues through a broader view on gender equity as it pertains not just to education, but also to employment and women's rights and empowerment more generally. This multi-country analysis explores core similarities and differences among the five countries. In Sri Lanka and the Indian state of Kerala, high female teacher numbers have existed since independence, while in other countries the issue is recent. Further, one of the starting points of high feminization lies in the enrolments of teacher trainees at entry points into the teaching profession, and appears to be based more on choice. Overall the initial implication is that comparably, more women than men apply or ‘choose’ to become teachers. It seems that there is also a perception that some women were confined to teaching due to no other alternative. Women also professed a love for the profession and a desire to work with small children. It is generally easier to secure employment in teaching than other professions.
A Hypothesis for the Composition of the Tardigrade Brain and its Implications for Panarthropod Brain Evolution
Creators: name: Smith, Frank W.
name: Bartels, Paul J.
name: Goldstein, Bob
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Incredibly disparate brain types are found in Metazoa, which raises the question of how this disparity evolved. Ecdysozoa includes representatives that exhibit ring-like brains-the Cycloneuralia-and representatives that exhibit ganglionic brains-the Panarthropoda (Euarthropoda, Onychophora, and Tardigrada). The evolutionary steps leading to these distinct brain types are unclear. Phylogenomic analyses suggest that the enigmatic Tardigrada is a closely related outgroup of a Euarthropoda + Onychophora clade; as such, the brains of tardigrades may provide insight into the evolution of ecdysozoan brains. Recently, evolutionarily salient questions have arisen regarding the composition of the tardigrade brain. To address these questions, we investigated brain anatomy in four tardigrade species-Hypsibius dujardini, Milnesium n. sp., Echiniscus n. sp., and Batillipes n. sp.-that together span Tardigrada. Our results suggest that general brain morphology is conserved across Tardigrada. Based on our results we present a hypothesis that proposes direct parallels between the tardigrade brain and the segmental trunk ganglia of the tardigrade ventral nervous system. In this hypothesis, brain neuropil nearly circumscribes the tardigrade foregut. We suggest that the tardigrade brain retains aspects of an ancestral cycloneuralian brain, while exhibiting ganglionic structure characteristic of euarthropods and onychophorans.
Academic freedom and the onset of autocratization
Creators: name: Pelke, Lars
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Neuroscience
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Democracy is under threat across the globe and a third wave of autocratization manifests in democratic regression and authoritarian hardening. However, although universities have been important pro-democracy hotbeds, the nexus between academic freedom and autocratization has generated little scholarly attention. This article presents the first systematic investigation of the influence of academic freedom on the onset of autocratization. In particular, it reveals how academic freedom protects regimes from an onset of autocratization and argues that more academic freedom reduces the risk of autocratization by imprinting a pro-democracy bias on students and researchers. This article’s research design combines two studies. Study I tests whether graduates that were socialized under more academic freedom develop more democratic support, which I analyse using data from the World Values Surveys and linear fixed effects models. Study II tests whether more academic freedom reduces the onset probability of autocratization using V-Dem data and binomial-response GLMs. This article finds evidence that while high levels of academic freedom reduce the probability of an onset of autocratization, low levels also reduce the probability of an onset. Overall, the article highlights the crucial role of academic freedom for democracy, especially in times of severe threats to democracy.
Identification and isolation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes with an automated microraft sorting system
Creators: name: Hunsucker, Sally A.
name: Armistead, Paul M.
name: Attayek, Peter J.
name: Sims, Christopher E.
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The simultaneous measurement of T cell function with recovery of individual T cells would greatly facilitate characterizing antigen-specific responses both in vivo and in model systems.
Automata, reduced words, and Garside shadows in Coxeter groups
Creators: name: Hohlweg, Christophe
name: Nadeau, Philippe
name: Williams, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, we introduce and investigate a class of finite deterministic automata that all recognize the language of reduced words of a finitely generated Coxeter system (W,S). The definition of these automata is straightforward as it only requires the notion of weak order on (W,S) and the related notion of Garside shadows in (W,S), an analog of the notion of a Garside family. Then we discuss the relations between this class of automata and the canonical automaton built from Brink and Howlett's small roots. We end this article by providing partial positive answers to two conjectures: (1) the automata associated to the smallest Garside shadow is minimal; (2) the canonical automaton is minimal if and only if the support of all small roots is spherical, i.e., the corresponding root system is finite.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures; v2: 23 pages, 8 figures, Remark 3.15 added, accepted in Journal of Algebra, computational section
Additional file 9 of Elevation of serum interleukin-1β levels as a potential indicator for malarial infection and severe malaria: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Mahittikorn, Aongart
name: Kwankaew, Pattamaporn
name: Rattaprasert, Pongruj
name: Kotepui, Kwuntida Uthaisar
name: Masangkay, Frederick Ramirez
name: Kotepui, Manas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 9: Table S3. Details of the included studies.
Quantitative analysis of B-lymphocyte migration directed by CXCL13
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaji
name: Asokan, Sreeja B.
name: Bear, James E.
name: Haugh, Jason M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: B-lymphocyte migration, directed by chemokine gradients, is essential for homing to sites of antigen presentation.