Seladonia smaragdula Vachal 1895
Creators: name: Pauly, Alain
name: Devalez, Jelle
name: Sonet, Gontran
name: Nagy, Zoltán Tamás
name: Boevé, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Halictidae
Seladonia
Seladonia smaragdula

description: Seladonia smaragdula (Vachal, 1895)
(Figs 4–9, 22 a,b, 24a)
Halictus smaragdulus Vachal, 1895: 150, ♂. Lectotype ♂: Spain, Sevilla, col. Medina (MCSNM) (new lectotype designation).
Halictus barcelonicus Pérez, 1903: 211, ♀. Lectotype ♀: Barcelona (MNHNP), designated by Ebmer 1972: 619, examined. Halictus smaragdulus form vinulus Blüthgen, 1923: 300, ♀, ♂. Holotype ♀: "Sicilien, Zeller S., n°1892" (MNHUB), examined.
Halictus smaragdulus Form A in Pauly & Rassel, 1982: 142.
Diagnosis. The male of this species differs from other species of the S. smaragdula complex by the racket-shaped underplate of the large projection of the gonocoxite, which is rounded as in S. phryganica. This plate is very similar to that of S. cephalica but the latter species differs by the longer fourth antennal segment (length/width = 1.54 in S. cephalica vs. 1.25 in S. smaragdula) and the more depressed apical margin of tergum 1. The small projection of the gonocoxites is rather thin in S. smaragdula but not as thin as in S. phryganica. Seladonia smaragdula and S. phryganica are also geographically separated (Figs 9 and 19).
Females of S. smaragdula cannot be distinguished from the other species of the S. smaragdula complex by morphological characters.
Description. Male. Length 5.0–6.5 mm. Colouration. Body with golden green metallic reflexions. Femora black with metallic reflexions. Apex of femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antennae brown below. Labrum and apical margin of clypeus pale yellow. Head (Fig. 6 a). Face relatively short (length/width 0.95). Fourth antennal segment relatively short (length/width = 1.25) (Fig. 6 b). Vertex short, rounded. Mesosoma. Punctation of scutum minute and dense, spaces between punctures equivalent to a puncture width (Fig. 6 c). Propodeal area rounded, its surrounding area shining (Fig. 6 d). Metasoma. First tergum with weakly depressed apical margin (Fig. 6 e). Terga with apical hair bands, minutely and densely punctate, spaces between punctures equivalent to a puncture width (Fig. 6 f). Underplate of the large projection of gonocoxite rounded or racquet-shaped (Figs 7, 22 a,b); small projection of gonocoxite relatively thin (Figs 7, 24 a).
Female. As in the male except as follows: Colouration. Middle and hind tibiae with central dark maculation. Head (Fig. 8 a). Face relatively short (length/width = 0.92), minutely and densely punctate. Mesosoma. Punctation of scutum minute and dense, spaces between punctures equivalent to a puncture width (Fig. 8 c). Propodeal area rounded, its surrounding area shining (Fig. 8 d). First tergum with apical margin weakly depressed (Fig. 8 e). Terga with apical hair bands, the punctation minute and dense, the spaces between punctures equivalent to a puncture width (Fig. 8 f). Inner metatibial spur with three or four teeth.
Comments. The type locality of this species according to the original description of Vachal (1895: 150) is "Sevilla", Spain. The first revisor (Blüthgen 1924: 333) in the introduction of his paper on Spanish halictids wrote: "Finalmente, fue my interesante para mi el hecho de poder ver los tipos de las especies españolas descritas por Vachal, que se encuentran en las colecciones de la Universidad de Sevilla". The types of bees from the Medina collection are now deposited in the Museum de Ciencias naturales de Madrid (Rasmussen 2012). We examined and dissected the metasoma to extract the genitalia of the lectotype (herein designated) with the authorization of the curator Mercedes Paris. It belongs to the form A, here recognized as the true S. smaragdula (Fig. 4 a). The lectotype bears a locality label "Sevilla" and a label of identification with the handwriting of Blüthgen (Fig. 4 b). A second specimen bearing a label with the locality "Guadalcanal" in the Province of Sevilla is designated here as paralectotype, and its metasoma is missing.
Halictus barcelonicus was described from a female specimen collected in Barcelona, a locality where males fall within the form A. Thus, despite being based on a female specimen we considered H. barcelonicus as part of S. smaragdula.
The type series of Halictus smaragdulus form vinulus is composed of three females and two males from Sicily (Fig. 5). One female bears a " type " label while the remaining specimens each a "cotype" label. We dissected one of the males and the gonostylus is identical to that of S. smaragdula (Fig. 5 e), and thus it is here placed under this species. The head of the type series of the form " vinulus " (Figs 5 a, c) is longer (female length/width = 1.02) than the head of the Spanish " smaragdula ", suggesting a differentiate population.
Distribution. West Mediterranean, from Spain to Western Greece, and from Morocco to Tunisia (Fig. 9).
Visited plants. Eryngium campestre L. (Apiaceae), Tolpis virgata Bertol (Asteraceae), Lavandula latifolia Medlk, Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae), Heliotropium europaeum L. (Boraginaceae), Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae).
Material examined (138 males, 3 females). PORTUGAL. Lisboa Province, Cascais, 16.IX.1960, 1♂, leg. H. Wiering (RMNHL).—Beja Province, Odemira Est, 20.IX.1960, 2♂, leg. H. Wiering (RMNHL).—Lisbon, Parque Florestal de Monsanto, 25.VII.1962, 1♂, thin dry forest, leg. J. Abraham & L. Horacsek (BMNH).
SPAIN. Madrid, Montarco, 1911, 1 ♂, leg. G. Mercet, col. J. Vachal (MNHNP).—Madrid, Camping Osuna near Madrid, 30.VII.1970, 1♂, leg. Ph. Pronk (RMNHL).—Madrid, Collado Mediano, Sierra de Guadarrama, 30TVL 1404, 1075m, 27.VIII.2011, 1♂, leg. F.J. Ortiz-Sanchez.—Tarragona, 25 km SW Salou, 17.X.1952, 1♂, leg. B.B. de Jong & Osse (RMNHL).—Ciudad Real, Pozuelo de Calatrava, 1914, 1 ♂, leg. Ernest André (MNHNP).—Cordoba, Penarroya, 13.VIII.1925, 4♂, 26.VIII.1925, 2♂, leg. R. Benoist (MNHNP).—Huesca, Jaca, Pena de Oroel, 1210m, 2.VIII.1995, Eryngium campestre, 1♂, leg. M. Terzo (UMH).—Leon, Ferral de Bernesga, 900m, 28.VIII.1969, 1♂, leg. M.C. & G. Kruseman (RMNHL).—Avila, Brieva, 30TUL 620047, 1180m, 20.VIII.2010, 1♂, leg. F.J. Ortiz-Sanchez.—Avila, Gd Parada, Debresa de Olalla, 6.VIII.2013, leg. F.J. Ortiz- Sanchez.—Avila, Dehesa de la Cogota (AV), 6.VIII.2013, 1♀, leg. F.J. Ortiz-Sanchez.—Almeria, Ermita Virgen de la Cabeza, Sierra de Maria, 30SWG7271, 4.VII.1994, 1 ♂, leg. F.J. Ortiz-Sanchez.—Almeria, Berchules, 1169m, 4.VIII.2014, leg. A. Pauly (RBINS).— Granada, Carco Mecina Bombaron, 20.VIII.1985, 1♂, leg. F.J. Ortiz- Sanchez.—Barcelona, Montseny, 2012, 3♀, leg. J. Bosch.
FRANCE. Pyrénées Orientales, Argelès-sur-Mer, 10.VIII.1966, 1♂, leg. Ch. Jeuniaux (FSAG).—Pyrénées Orientales, Argelès, 1–4. VII.1980, 2 ♂, dunes, leg. H. Wolf (OOLM).—Pyrénées Orientales, col de Banyuls, 250– 500m, 12.VI.1990, 2♂, leg. H. & J.E. Wiering (RMNHL).—Pyrénées Orientales, Bocal du Tech, 18.VI.1990, 1♂, leg. H. & J.E. Wiering (RMNHL).—Gers, Laymont, "prairie sous terrain de foot", 5.IX.2010, 1♂, leg. D. Genoud.—Aude, Narbonne, 11.VIII.1975, 1♂, leg. R.L. Veenendaal (RMNHL).—Aude, Ile Sainte Lucie, 30.VIII.1910, 1♂, leg. R. Benoist (MNHNP).—Aude, Villegaihenc, Villardonnel, 14–20. VII.1980, 1 ♂, leg. H. Wiering (RMNHL).—Ardèche, St Thomé, Dausseron, 140m, 15–23. VII.1986, 1 ♂, leg. R. Wahis (FSAG).— Vaucluse, Carpentras, 13.IX.1957, 1♂, leg. J. van der Vecht (RMNHL).—Vaucluse, Cadenet, Rue Neuf, 24– 27. VII.1985, 2 ♂, leg. H. Wiering (RMNHL).—Vaucluse, 1 km SSE Merindol, La Guarrigue, 27.VII.2004, Eryngium campestre, 1♂ (INRA). –Vaucluse, 3.8 km W Mallemort, Pas des Lanciers, 140m, 28.VII.2004, Lavandula latifolia, 1♂ (INRA).—Bouches-du-Rhône, Saint-Marc-Jaumegarde, Lac du Bimont, 19.VII.1985, 4♂, leg. H. Wiering (RMNHL).—Hautes Alpes, Vallée du Durance, 6 km SW Briançon, Prelles, 1200m, 1♂, leg. Schmidt-Egger.—Hautes Alpes, Mont Dauphin, 1000m, 31.VII–1. VIII.1981, 2 ♂, leg. H. Wiering (RMNHL).— Var, Gonfaron, Notre-Dame-du-Figuier, 240m, 15.IX.1979, 1♂, 27–28. IX.1984, 1 ♂, leg. P. Rasmont
(FSAG).—Var, Gonfaron, 150m, 30.VII.1991, Origanum vulgare, 3♂, leg. M. Terzo (UMH).—Var, Gonfaron, Les Cours des Longs, 100m, 20.VII.1991, Eryngium campestre, 1♂, leg. M. Terzo (UMH).—Var, Bormes-les- Mimosas, 10.VIII.1983, 1♂ (FSAG).—Var, Callian, 1920, 1 ♂, leg. L. Berland (MNHNP).—Var, Saint Zacharie, 3.VII.1938, 1♂, leg. R. Benoist (MNHNP).—Var, Valescure, 4.VII.1968, 1♂, leg. K. Guichard (BMNH).—Var, Pignans, 25.VII.1965, 1♂, leg. J. Barbier (MNHNP).—Var, Ollioules, 15.X.1955, 1♂, leg. J. Barbier (MNHNP).— Var, Ile de Porquerolles, 9.VIII.2007, Malva sylvestris, 1♂, n°P2007.1446, leg. N. Crouzet (INRA).—Var, Ile de Porquerolles, 9.VIII.2007, Tolpis virgata, 1♂, n°P2007.1443, leg. N. Crouzet (INRA).—Var, Ile de Porquerolles, 4.VIII.2007, Heliotropium europaeum, 1♂, n°P2007.1476, leg. B. Vaissière (INRA).—Alpes de Haute Provence, Annot, 2–5. VIII.1938, 1 ♂, 12.VIII.1938, 2♂, leg. R. Benoist (MNHNP).—Alpes de Haute Provence, Simiane-la- Rotonde, 700m, 12.IX.1999, 1♂, leg. H. Wiering (RMNHL).—Alpes Maritimes, La Napoule, 27.VI.1971, 1♂ (FSAG).— Corse, Calvi, 25–27. VIII.1971, 1 ♂, leg. A.C. & W.N. Ellis (RMNHL).—Alpes Maritimes, Opio near Grasse, 340m, 22.IX.1980, 1♂, leg. W. Perraudin (OOLM).— Corse, Calvi, La Figarella, 12–14. VII.1993, 2 ♂, leg. R. Wahis (FSAG).— Corse, Vivario, 1♂ (MNHNP).— Corse, Tattone near Vizzavona, 700m, 23.VIII.1956, 1♂, leg. Blöte & Hesselbach (RMNHL).— Corse, Ajaccio, 4–10. VI.1969, 1 ♂, leg. K.M. Guichard (BMNH).
ITALIA. Piemonte, 50 km W. Torino, 2 km W. Susa, 750m, 3.VIII.1995, 1♂, leg. Schmidt-Egger.—Liguria, Ortovero, 4.IX.1985, 1♂, leg. Pagliano.—Cosenza, Scalea, 1984, 1 ♂ (FSAG).—Cosenza Prov., Sibari, 25.VIII.1987, 1♂, leg. F. Gusenleitner (OOLM).—Lavagna, 7.VII.1962, 1♂, leg. Grunwaldt (BMNH).—Naples, 9.VIII.1966, 1♂, leg. J. Osborne (BMNH).—Sardegna, Domusnovas, 28.VIII.1982, 1♂, leg. Pagliano.—Sicily, Enna, San Giorgio di Marco, 508m, 7.VII.1993, Eryngium campestre, 1♂, leg. M. Terzo (UMH).—Sicily, Madonia, Serra del Contrasto, 1000m, 26.VI.1961, 1♂ (FSAG).—Sicily, Taormina, 26.VI.1941, 1♂, leg. G. Soika (BMNH).—Sicily, Taormina, Naxos, 14.V.1961, 1♂, leg. M. Schwarz.—Sicily, Naxos, 9.V.1961, 1♂, leg. J. Gusenleitner, col. M. Schwarz.—Sicilia, Taormina, Sirinatal, 6.V.1961, 1♂, 29.IX.1970, 1♂, 3.X.1970, 2♂, leg. M. Schwarz.
MALTA. Mosta, 4.IV.1965, 1♂, leg. K.M. Guichard (BMNH).
CROATIA. Hvar, 12.VI.1962, 1♂, leg. J. Gusenleitner, col. M. Schwarz.—Krk Island, Baska, 1–24. VIII.1975, 1 ♂, leg. J. Heinrich (OOLM).—Ugljan island, Preko, 3.VIII.1970, 1♂, leg. R. Wahis (FSAG).—Vodice, 43.76°N 15.78°E, 18.VII.1972, 1♂, leg. A. Pauly (RBINS).—Split, 26.VII.1962, 4♂, leg. H. Asbök, col. M. Schwarz.
BULGARIA. (SW) Vlahi, 14.VIII.1993, 2♂, leg. M. Halada, col. M. Schwarz.
GREECE. Corfou, 23.VII–4. VIII.1954, 3 ♂, leg. P.M. Verhoeff (RMNHL).—Ilia, Olympia, 4–11. VII.1979, 1 ♂, leg. M.C. Day, G.R. Else & D. Morgan (BMNH).
MOROCCO. High Atlas, Agaiouar, 1500m, 10.VII.1975, 1♂, leg. A.W. Ebmer.—Tizi-n-Test S., 1900m, 30.VI.1987, 14 ♂, leg. & col. M. Schwarz.—Timahdite 30 km SW, 1600m, 16.VIII.1988, 7♂, leg. K. Warncke (OOLM).—Ain Leuh 10 km S, 1750m, 15.VIII.1988, 10♂, leg. K. Warncke (OOLM).
ALGERIA. Gr Kabylia, Djurdjura, 1000m, 11.VI.1971, 1♂, leg. A. Hoffer & J. Horek (OOLM). TUNISIA. 2 km N. Fernana, Oued Daguidour, 18.VII.1979, 1♂, leg. A.W. Ebmer.—Jendouba 20 km S, 11.VII.1979, 1♂, leg. J. Gusenleitner (OOLM).
description: Published as part of Pauly, Alain, Devalez, Jelle, Sonet, Gontran, Nagy, Zoltán Tamás & Boevé, Jean-Luc, 2015, DNA barcoding and male genital morphology reveal five new cryptic species in the West Palearctic bee Seladonia smaragdula (Vachal, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae), pp. 257-290 in Zootaxa 4034 (2) on pages 264-271, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4034.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/244969