cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding Practices among Arab Mothers in Calgary with a Focus on Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Qualitative Inquiry
Creators: name: Dorri, Roqaia Ahmad
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Breastfeeding
subject: Exclusive Breastfeeding
subject: qualitative research
subject: Critical ethnography method
subject: Arab mothers
subject: Immigrant mothers
subject: Education--Health
subject: Anthropology--Cultural
subject: Public Administration
subject: Women's Studies
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Nutrition
subject: Public Health

description: Breastfeeding is university acknowledged as providing health benefits for the child, for breastfeeding mothers, and for the community. The World Health Organization and Health Canada recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant’s life. However, the rates of exclusive breastfeeding practices among immigrant mothers, including Arab mothers residing in Calgary, are lower when compared with rates for non-immigrant Canadian mothers and mothers in the immigrants’ countries of origin. Using critical ethnography, the purpose of this study was to explore the contextual factors that influence initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practices by Arab immigrant mothers. Ten Arab mothers residing in Calgary were interviewed. Three of these mothers were interviewed twice for member checking. An analysis of the qualitative narrative data indicated that knowledge, family, religion, and infant feeding practices influence Arab immigrant mothers’ initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practices. The findings from this study can be used to facilitate supportive culturally safe and sensitive interventions that are tailored to address Arab mothers’ breastfeeding concerns and needs, so that exclusive breastfeeding might be promoted within this population in Canada. Further, the research will provide information needed for addressing key challenges relating to culture, religion, and the healthcare system with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding.
Using Graphic Turing Tests To Counter Automated DDoS Attacks Against Web Servers
Creators: name: Morein, William G.
name: Stavrou, Angelos
name: Cook, Debra L.
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Misra, Vishal
name: Rubenstein, Daniel Stuart
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: We present WebSOS, a novel overlay-based architecture that provides guaranteed access to a web server that is targeted by a denial of service (DoS) attack. Our approach exploits two key characteristics of the web environment: its design around a human-centric interface, and the extensibility inherent in many browsers through downloadable "applets." We guarantee access to a web server for a large number of previously unknown users, without requiring pre-existing trust relationships between users and the system.Our prototype requires no modifications to either servers or browsers, and makes use of graphical Turing tests, web proxies, and client authentication using the SSL/TLS protocol, all readily supported by modern browsers. We use the WebSOS prototype to conduct a performance evaluation over the Internet using PlanetLab, a testbed for experimentation with network overlays. We determine the end-to-end latency using both a Chord-based approach and our shortcut extension. Our evaluation shows the latency increase by a factor of 7 and 2 respectively, confirming our simulation results.
Exploring Help-Seeking Behaviours: Perspectives of Adult-Child Caregivers
Creators: name: Samaha, Allegra Sonia
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Dementia
subject: Alzheimer's disease
subject: Caregiving
subject: help-seeking
subject: service use
subject: diversity
subject: Gerontology
subject: Social Work
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ethnic and Racial Studies
subject: Individual and Family Studies

description: As life expectancies increase, so does the rate of older adults diagnosed with dementia; most commonly, in the form of Alzheimer’s disease. An Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis not only impacts the person afflicted, but also people around them who take on the role of caregiver. The role of caregiving often falls on the shoulders of adult-children, who are simultaneously balancing their own life commitments with offering high quality, around the clock care. Many elements impact one’s caregiving experience, including sociodemographic factors such as gender, age, occupation and culture. As the formal service sector works to improve access to support, it is critical to understand the help-seeking behaviours of adult-child caregivers; moreover, in a country like Canada with an abundance of diversity, variations in help-seeking behaviours must be recognized. The purpose of this study was to explore the help-seeking behaviours of adult-children, caring for a parent with Alzheimer’s disease. This qualitative study utilized a multiple case study approach, and was guided by the Anderson Socio-Behavioral Model of Health Service Utilization (1995). Findings from six adult-child caregivers from hyphenated cultural backgrounds suggest that there may be universality to caregiver’s desires and determinants of help-seeking behavior. However, in terms of programs designed for their illness-afflicted parent, themes of linguistic diversity, trauma-sensitivity and culture matching between care providers and service users were presented as important strategies to promote help-seeking behaviours and service utilization. Implications for social work theory, research, practice and policy are presented.
Probing Loop Quantum Gravity with Evaporating Black Holes
Creators: name: Barrau, Aurelien
name: Cao, Xiangyu
name: Diaz-Polo, Jacobo
name: Grain, Julien
name: Cailleteau, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This letter aims at showing that the observation of evaporating black holes should allow distinguishing between the usual Hawking behavior and Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) expectations. We present a full Monte-Carlo simulation of the evaporation in LQG and statistical tests that discriminate between competing models. We conclude that contrarily to what was commonly thought, the discreteness of the area in LQG leads to characteristic features that qualify evaporating black holes as objects that could reveal quantum gravity footprints.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Version accpeted by Phys. Rev. Lett
title: ÐÐ¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ° Ð°ÑÑÐ¾Ð·Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð³Ð°Ð·Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑ
title: Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÐ»ÐµÐ¹Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð², Ð Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2020
Subjects: Ð¥Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÑ
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description: Ð Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ° Ð°ÑÑÐ¾Ð·Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ°Ñ Ñ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð² Ð¸Ð· Ð³Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð·Ñ. ÐÐ¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð°ÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¸ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»Ñ, Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ñ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾ÐºÐ¸Ð¿ÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÐµÐ°Ð³ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¸ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹. ÐÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¾ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¹.
description: This paper describes methods for numerical modeling of aerosol particle transport in the CVD processes. The designs of an aerodynamic atomizer and evaporator designed for working with reagents with high boiling point and designed on the basis of numerical models are shown. An experimental study of the performance of the proposed structures was carried out.
Decreto onorifico ateniese per alcuni esuli acarnani
Creators: name: De Martinis, Livia
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2018

description:

The decree, dating to the summer of 337 B.C., establishes on the one hand the granting of gold crowns and citizenship to two Akarnanians brothers, Phormion and Karphinas, commanders of an Akarnanian military contingent that apparently supported Athens in the battle of Chaironeia, on the other the recognition of a series of honours to the Akarnanians who followed them and constituted evidently the nerve of this contingent. The honorary decree is extremely interesting for the reconstruction of the Athenian situation immediately after the battle of Chaironeia, when Athens – apparently pro-Macedonian – seemed to carry on its resistance against Philip II by granting asylum to those who had supported the city in the military clash against Macedonia and were persecuted for this reason. The decree, then, explicitly remembers that the grandfather of the two honorands, Phormion, had in turn been beneficiary in 400 BC ca. of the granting of Athenian citizenship: the mention of this previous action creates a strong link, with evident propagandistic implications, between the moments following the battle of Chaironeia and those following the end of the Peloponnesian war. Finally, the decree may also be considered as a valid source for the study of the concession of the isoteleia, in this specific case granted in its widest form (exemption from the metoikion, right of enktesis, guarantee of legal protections, right to pay eisphorai with citizens) and not to individuals, but to a group of political exiles.

description: Axon
Plutarch's "De E apud Delphos": Translation and Commentary
Creators: name: Alexander, Judith Anne
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Plutarch's Morals
subject: Greek Literature
subject: Arithmology
subject: Greek Religion
subject: The Delphic oracle
subject: Literature--Classical
subject: History--Ancient

description: Plutarch’s Parallel Lives are well known; less so the essays and dialogues grouped into his omnibus Moralia. One of these essays, De E apud Delphos (“De E”), contains a discussion of the meaning of a votive object, in the form of the letter E, first offered by the seven Sages to the Delphian god. This translation, with its commentary, pays attention to technical matters discussed in the dialogue (number theory, the altar at Delos, the pentad, syllogistic logic, Being and Becoming) that have sometimes been neglected in other translations. It also comments on themes encountered in the dialogue (divination, divine aid and prophecy, and nostalgia). Plutarch’s description of the world at Delphi rewards the reader with insights into an intellectual, scientific, religious, and social world that has long departed.
Decreto di Eucrate contro la tirannide
Creators: name: Squillace, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2018

description:

The Athenian law (or decree) against tyranny, approved in 337-336 BC at Eucrates’s suggestion, was largely studied and produced several interpretations. The law guaranteed the immunity of the tyrannicide and stopped the activities of the Areopagus, if the democracy was overthrown by a tyranny. This measure was approved when Philip controlled Greece after his military success at Chaeronea (338 BC) and the Peace of Corinth (337 BC).

description: Axon
Additional file 1 of The transcription factor AtGLK1 acts upstream of MYBL2 to genetically regulate sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Creators: name: Zhao, Dongming
name: Zheng, Yuxuan
name: Yang, lingjun
name: Yao, Ziyu
name: Cheng, Jianfeng
name: Zhang, Fang
name: Jiang, Haiyan
name: Liu, Dong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Editto di Alessandro Magno per Priene
Creators: name: Squillace, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2018

description:

Alexander the Great granted the inhabitans of Priene, who lived at Naulochon, autonomy, freedom, possession of land, and tax immunity. On the contrary, he confiscated the land of the remaining people forced to pay the tribute. The edict, enacted in 334 BC or later, but published in 284 under the reign of Lysimachus, was placed on Atena Polias’ temple in Priene.

description: Axon
Temporal percolation of the susceptible network in an epidemic spreading
Creators: name: Valdez, L. D.
name: Macri, P. A.
name: Braunstein, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we study the evolution of the susceptible individuals during the spread of an epidemic modeled by the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) process spreading on the top of complex networks. Using an edge-based compartmental approach and percolation tools, we find that a time-dependent quantity $Φ_S(t)$, namely, the probability that a given neighbor of a node is susceptible at time $t$, is the control parameter of a node void percolation process involving those nodes on the network not-reached by the disease. We show that there exists a critical time $t_c$ above which the giant susceptible component is destroyed. As a consequence, in order to preserve a macroscopic connected fraction of the network composed by healthy individuals which guarantee its functionality, any mitigation strategy should be implemented before this critical time $t_c$. Our theoretical results are confirmed by extensive simulations of the SIR process.
description: Published in PLoS ONE
Dedica del tempio di Atena Polias a Priene da parte di Alessandro Magno
Creators: name: Squillace, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2018

description:

The inscription, dated 334 or later and placed on Athena Polias’ temple in Priene, testifies to Alexander’s pity for the Goddess, but also his desire to show himself as champion of freedom and avenger of the Greek against the Persians.

description: Axon
Assessing the Change in Biodiversity of Dewapara Sal (Shorea robusta) Forests of Bangladesh
Creators: name: Rahman, Md Mizanur
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Forest biodiversity
Forest ecosystems
Environmental anthropology
Conservation and biodiversity

description: The overall objective of the study was to assess the change in biodiversity of the Dewapara Sal forests of Bangladesh. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. It was found that the exotic tree species replaced the indigenous species. Currently, climbers are absent in these forests. There is no trace of coarse woody debris and mycorrhizal association. Consequently, the species richness, the diversity index (Shannon-Wiener index) and evenness (Pielou's index) were very low. Due to poor species richness, the concentration of dominance (Simpson index) was very high. The Asiatic Black Bear, Sambar Deer, Spotted Dear, Barking Deer and Red Frog disappeared just four decades ago. The Leopard Cat, Fishing Cat, Jungle Cat, Indian Civet and Capped Langur reached extinction in recent years. The study recommended an integrated conservation strategy to avoid further degradation.
Trattato per la fondazione della lega di città e stati federali promossa da Antigono e Demetrio
Creators: name: Paganoni, Eloisa
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2018

description:

This inscription, found in Epidaurus, preserves a treaty for the foundation of a league of poleis and ethne promoted by Antigonus Monophthalmus and Demetrius Poliorcetes. The league formally was a symmachia and its administrative body included a synedrion, i.e. an assembly of league members, five proedri, and a strategos representing Antigonus and Demetrius. It is impossible to list all the members of this league, but it is known that the coalition included Epidaurus, Achaia and Aelis, and possibly those areas of the Peloponnese which Demetrius freed in 303 BC, and Athens. Antigonus and Demetrius organised the league to gather a force against Cassander and to establish their hegemony over Greece. However, the league was short-lived. It was founded in 302 BC and it ceased to exist the year after when Antigonus died at Ipsus (301 BC).

description: Axon
2D Monte-Carlo Radiative transfer modeling of the disk shaped secondary of Epsilon Aurigae
Creators: name: Muthumariappan, C.
name: Parthasarathy, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two dimensional Monte-Carlo radiative transfer models for the disk of the eclipsing binary $ε$ Aur by fitting its spectral energy distribution from optical to the far-IR wavelengths. We also report new observations of $ε$ Aur made by AKARI in its five mid and far-IR photometric bands and were used to construct our SED. The disk is optically thick and has flared disk geometry containing gas and dust with a gas to dust mass ratio of 100. We have taken the primary of the binary to be a F0Iae-type post-AGB star and the disk is heated by a B5V hot star with a temperature of 15,000 K at the center of the disk. We take the radius of the disk to be 3.8 AU for our models as constrained from the IR interferometric imaging observations of the eclipsing disk. Our models imply that the disk contains grains which are much bigger than the ISM grains (grain sizes 10$μ$ to 100$μ$). The grain chemistry of the disk is carbonaceous and our models show that silicate and ISM dust chemistry do not reproduce the slope of the observed SED in the mid-IR to far-IR regions. This implies that the formation of the disk shaped secondary in $ε$ Aur system could be the result of accretion of matter and or mass transfer from the primary which is now a F0Iae post-AGB star. It is not a proto-planetary disk. The disk is seen nearly edge on with an inclination angle larger than 85$^{o}$. We propose from our radiative transfer modeling that the disk is not solid and have a void of 2AU radius at the center within which no grains are present making the region nearly transparent. The disk is not massive, its mass is derived to be less than 0.005M$_{\odot}$.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Context Matters as Racialization Evolves: Exploring Bias in Preservice Teacher Responses to Children
Creators: name: Halberstadt, Amy G.
name: Garner, Pamela W.
name: Sun, Wenyang
name: Hughes, Sherick A.
name: Legette, Kamilah B.
Publisher: name: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Year: 2023

description:
This study explores preservice teacher attributions to children’s behaviors portrayed in specific emotion-laden school scenarios. Participants included 178 preservice teachers from three universities. The preservice teachers viewed video vignettes of Black and White child actors in six different school scenarios. Our team constructed two themes from the preservice teachers’ narratives about what they saw: (a) context matters (i.e., different scenarios activate different preservice teacher attributions), and (b) racialization evolves (i.e., preservice teachers make different attributions about Black and White boys engaged in the same behaviors). Findings underscore the importance of teacher education and professional development for novice teachers that address racial bias in attributions of student behaviors.
title: BOSNIAK version 2019: Evaluation of concordance between readers and former classification.
Creators: name: Filisbino, Mariana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Education and training
subject: Cysts
subject: Perception image
subject: Education
subject: Comparative studies
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Kidney
subject: Abdomen
subject: Genitourinary

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The first Bosniak classification introduced in 1986, was based on CT findings and mostly subjective, dividing cystic renal masses into four classes (I, II, III and IV), according to their complexity. Since then, some refinements reduced the number...
Decreto di Pergamo per il sacerdote Athenaios
Creators: name: Melloni, Maria Francesca
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2018

description:

Il decreto di Pergamo, che si data al regno del re Attalo III (post 8 ottobre 135 a.C.-primavera 133 a.C.) contiene disposizioni riguardanti la sfera cultuale e religiosa del regno attalide. Restano la sanzione circa la validità del decreto come legge per l’eternità e tre lettere contenute in coda al decreto. Si tratta di tre esemplari di epistola: la prima (A) è inviata dal re Attalo II ad Athenaios (I), suo cugino; la seconda (B) dal re Attalo III alla città di Cizico; la terza dal re Attalo III alla città di Pergamo. In particolare, l’epistola (A), datata al 25 dicembre 142 a. C., riguarda la nomina di Athenaios (II), nipote di Athenaios (I), a sacerdote di Dioniso Kathegemon dopo la morte del padre Sosandros, genero di Athenaios (I), che ha ricoperto tale carica a vita: il re Attalo II dà notizia al nonno di Athenaios (II), i.e Athenaios (I), della carica sacerdotale affidata al nipote. Nell’epistola(B), datata all’8 ottobre 135 a. C., il re Attalo III si rivolge alla città di Cizico e la esorta a tributare privilegi al concittadino Athenaios (II), originario di Cizico per via materna, già sacerdote di Zeus Sabazios dal 142 a. C. Infine, nell’epistola(C), datata al 5 ottobre 135 a. C., il re Attalo III stabilisce che la città di Pergamo inserisca tra le leggi sacre della città le disposizioni riguardanti il culto di Zeus Sabazios ed i privilegi concessi ad Athenaios (II), contenute nell’epistola (C): la riforma religiosa prevede che Zeus Sabazios, in virtù delle sue epifanie e del suo ruolo di soccorritore del regno attalide, diventi σύνναος di Atena, che nuovi riti e sacrifici vengano consacrati al dio e che Athenaios (II), già sacerdote di Zeus Sabazios, sia riconfermato nella sua carica nel nuovo assetto del culto.

description: Axon
A numerical test of differential equations for one- and two-loop sunrise diagrams using configuration space techniques
Creators: name: Groote, S.
name: Körner, J. G.
name: Pivovarov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use configuration space methods to write down one-dimensional integral representations for one- and two-loop sunrise diagrams (also called Bessel moments) which we use to numerically check on the correctness of the second order differential equations for one- and two-loop sunrise diagrams that have recently been discussed in the literature.
description: 11 pages, no figures, published version
Human Dignity as a Protected Interest in Criminal Law
Creators: name: Hörnle, Tatjana
name: Kremnitzer, Mordechai
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 340 Recht

description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: Human dignity can be a protected interest in criminal law. This paper starts with some reflections about the meaning of human dignity and then examines offense descriptions in the German Penal Code and the Israeli Penal Code. These codes are used as sources for identifying possibly relevant prohibitions. One can indeed find numerous examples of offense descriptions that can be justified by pointing to human dignity, either as a main protected interest or as a protected interest in addition to other interests. The protected interest can be either the individual victim's right to human dignity or human dignity as an objective value. Offense descriptions that can be connected to “protection of human dignity” should, for analytical purposes, be divided into three groups: violations of the dignity of individual human beings through acts other than speech; violations of the human dignity of individuals through speech; and media content that does not contain statements about individuals but shows scenes of severe humiliation (e.g., fictional child pornography). Questions that need further discussion primarily concern the second group (what role should free speech play in cases of human dignity violations?) and the third group (does the acknowledgement of human dignity as an objective value mean to endorse a re-moralization of the criminal law?).
On filling minimality of simple Finsler manifolds
Creators: name: Koehler, Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C23, 53C60, 51K99

description: This paper states a formula for the difference of the Holmes-Thompson volumes of two simple Finsler manifolds of arbitrary dimension, in terms of the boundary distances and their derivatives. An application is a preconditioned filling minimality result.
description: 19 pages. v3 is a revised and extended version, containing an additional section on the analysis of the two-form, that is induced by boundary distances, near the diagonal
Children’s Attention to Emotional Prosody: Pragmatic Adjustment in Response to Speaker Conventionality
Creators: name: Thacker, Justine Marie
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Emotional prosody
subject: Spoken language comprehension
subject: Speaker conventionality
subject: Pragmatic inference
subject: Referential intent
subject: Eye-tracking
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Psychology--Cognitive
subject: Psychology--Developmental

description: In this dissertation, I examined whether children will pragmatically adjust their expectations about a speaker’s referential intent, depending on whether the speaker provided conventional or unconventional descriptions. In Chapter 2, 4- and 5-year-old children were introduced to one of two possible speakers: (1) conventional speaker who demonstrated congruent use of linguistic and affective cues; or (2) unconventional speaker who demonstrated incongruent use of these cues and who was described as saying “things in a strange way”. Test trials consisted of displays containing pairs of objects that belonged to the same category, but that differed in terms of their likelihood of association with negative or positive emotional prosody (broken doll/intact doll), accompanied by referentially ambiguous instructions (“Look at the doll”) spoken in either a positive- or negative-sounding voice. Results indicated that children in the conventional speaker condition directed a greater proportion of looks to the negative object during negative emotional prosody trials, compared to positive emotional prosody trials. In contrast, there was no effect of emotional prosody in the unconventional speaker condition. In Chapter 3, I further examined the extent to which children will suspend their use of emotional prosody for an unconventional speaker. In Experiment 2, the experimenter's description of the speaker's trait was replaced with a neutral statement, but examples of the speaker’s incongruent use of linguistic and affective cues were retained. Again, children suspended their use of emotional prosody as a cue to referential intent. In Experiments 3 and 4, children were introduced to two different versions of an unconventional speaker that varied in terms of how related their unconventionality was to their use of emotional prosody. Results demonstrated that speaker unconventionality that was closely related to emotional expression had an effect on children’s use of emotional prosody. However, when speaker unconventionality was unrelated to emotional expression, 5-year-old, but not 4-year-old, children returned to their original pattern of looking whereby the used emotional prosody to resolve referential intent. This selectivity in response to different speakers provides compelling evidence that social-pragmatic reasoning underlies preschoolers’ interpretation of emotional prosody. Chapter 4 summarizes and explores the aforementioned findings in greater detail.
Energetic Considerations in Cross-Country Skiing
Creators: name: Herzog, Walter
name: Killick, Anthony
name: Boldt, Kevin Rudi
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2015

description: Cross-country skiing is a four-legged gait, and some gait patterns, such as 2-skate skiing, are similar to those adopted by animals (galloping horse). Four-legged animals change gait patterns with increasing speeds of locomotion, at least in part, to minimize metabolic energy expenditure. For example, a horse will switch from a walk, to a trot, and finally to a gallop as speed of locomotion increases. Similarly, skate cross-country skiers will switch from a 2-skate gait to a 1-skate gait with increasing speeds of locomotion, but then unlike any other animal, will revert back to the previously-rejected 2-skate gait pattern at very high speeds. We used oxygen uptake measurements, force measurements in poles and skis, 3-dimensional movement analysis and functional muscle properties to explain this result. We found that propulsion in 1-skate skiing comes primarily from the arms/poles, while propulsion comes primarily from the legs/skis in the 2-skate technique. We also found that ground contact times for the skis are virtually independent of the skiing speed while pole contact times decrease dramatically with increasing speeds. Furthermore, propulsive forces from the arms dropped from skiing at 15 km/h to skiing at 30 km/h while simultaneously requiring much more metabolic energy. Finally, the cost of transport curves for 1-skate and 2-skate skiing intersected twice, indicating better efficiency for the 2-skate technique at slow and very fast speeds, and better efficiency for the 1-skate technique at intermediate to fast speeds. Combined, these results suggest that arm/pole action is optimized at intermediate speeds, thereby providing an advantage to the 1-skate technique which relies primarily on arm propulsion, while arm/pole action is highly inefficient at very high speeds, thus switching to the 2-skate technique which relies primarily on leg propulsion, is good strategy.
Consensus and Products of Random Stochastic Matrices: Exact Rate for Convergence in Probability
Creators: name: Bajovic, Dragana
name: Xavier, Joao
name: Moura, Jose M. F.
name: Sinopoli, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Distributed consensus and other linear systems with system stochastic matrices $W_k$ emerge in various settings, like opinion formation in social networks, rendezvous of robots, and distributed inference in sensor networks. The matrices $W_k$ are often random, due to, e.g., random packet dropouts in wireless sensor networks. Key in analyzing the performance of such systems is studying convergence of matrix products $W_kW_{k-1}... W_1$. In this paper, we find the exact exponential rate $I$ for the convergence in probability of the product of such matrices when time $k$ grows large, under the assumption that the $W_k$'s are symmetric and independent identically distributed in time. Further, for commonly used random models like with gossip and link failure, we show that the rate $I$ is found by solving a min-cut problem and, hence, easily computable. Finally, we apply our results to optimally allocate the sensors' transmission power in consensus+innovations distributed detection.
title: White matter lesions and endovascular treatment effect in acute ischemic stroke patients: a post-hoc analysis of the MR CLEAN trial
Creators: name: Luijten, Sven
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multicentre study
subject: Randomised controlled trial
subject: Prospective
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Acute
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Recanalisation
subject: CT
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Interventional Radiology

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Endovascular treatment (EVT) has been proven beneficial across diverse subgroups of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) [1]. Despite the broad applicability of EVT, a substantial number of treated patients...
Georgia's mutiny mystery
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: International relations

description: According to Georgian Defense Minister David Sikharulidze, the news this week that the Georgian government had thwarted a presumably Russian-backed mutiny on May 5 was evidence that Russia had engaged in an attempt at "disrupting NATO exercises and overturning the [Georgian] authorities militarily." For opposition leaders such as Zviad Dzidziguri, the whole affair was "yet another stage show" concocted by President Mikheil Saakashvili's government to discredit the country's domestic opposition. Information is still becoming available, but determining the truth is likely to be difficult because both sides have enough evidence to present a fairly convincing case.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Sleep, and Pain in Adolescence
Creators: name: Christensen, Jennaya
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Traumatic brain injury
subject: MRI
subject: adolescence
subject: Chronic pain
subject: Sleep
subject: Sleep deprivation
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Psychology--Behavioral
subject: Psychology--Developmental
subject: Psychology--Experimental
subject: Psychology--Physiological
subject: Psychobiology

description: The child and adolescent age group exhibit the highest rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with mild TBI (mTBI) and repetitive mild TBI (RmTBI) accounting for a large proportion of these injuries. Adolescents represent a particularly high risk cohort for experiencing long-term post-traumatic deficits. During this critical development phase, dramatic changes in brain structure and organization coincide with important shifts in the sleep cycle, which predispose adolescents to sleep deprivation. Similarly, mTBI often leads to reports of varying levels of sleep problems, yet the role of post-traumatic sleep in post-concussive symptomology remains unclear. Therefore, it is possible that sleep deprivation in the post-traumatic period could be further exacerbating the deleterious effects of mTBI. The glymphatic system is the central nervous system’s (CNS) macroscopic waste clearance system. Importantly, this system removes neurotoxic waste, such as Tau and β-amyloid, from the CNS. Recent developments have determined that the glymphatic system is 90% more active during sleep states while being dramatically suppressed during wakefulness. Given that Tau and β-amyloid protein aggregates are pathological trademarks of the neurodegenerative disorders that are associated with RmTBI and that mTBI patients commonly report sleep problems, one would reason that a reduced glymphatic clearance function may play an imperative role in the development of the neurological deficits related to RmTBI. Chronic pain and sleep deprivation represent major health issues that plague adolescence. A bidirectional relationship exists between sleep and pain; however, emerging evidence suggests that sleep disturbances have a stronger influence on subsequent pain than vice versa. The neurobiological underpinnings of this relationship, particularly during adolescence, are poorly understood. Given the high prevalence of these health issues during adolescence and the debilitating effects they inflict on nearly every domain of development, it is crucial that we determine the neurobiological mechanisms fundamental to this relationship and identify potential therapeutic strategies.
Dour Democrats
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: East Europeans
International relations

description: Georgia, Russia and Armenia have all held presidential elections this year, and in each case, the outcomes demonstrate that efforts to strengthen democracy are either stagnant or, more worryingly, failing. These elections, and the political contexts in which they occurred, were distinct from each other, but together they point toward the major challenges facing the advance of democracy and policies to support it. All three of elections demonstrate the importance of developing democracy assistance strategies that can help liberalize illiberal regimes or stop the slide of semi-democracies toward authoritarianism.
An analysis of non-classical austenite-martensite interfaces in CuAlNi
Creators: name: Ball, J. M.
name: Koumatos, K.
name: Seiner, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ball and Carstensen theoretically investigated the possibility of the occurrence of non-classical austenite-martensite interfaces and studied the cubic-to-tetragonal case extensively. Here, we aim to present an analysis of such interfaces recently observed by Seiner et al. in CuAlNi single crystals, undergoing a cubic-to-orthorhombic transition. We show that they can be described by the non-linear elasticity model for martensitic transformations and we make some predictions regarding the volume fractions of the martensitic variants involved, as well as the habit plane normals.
Investigating the effect of curvature on chiral domain wall velocity
Creators: name: Garg, Chirag
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 620

description: Stromgetriebene Domänenwände (DW) sind Gegenstand intensiver Forschung mit Anwendungen für Speichermedien und logische Gatter. Die meisten Experimente fokussierten sich bisher allerdings auf grade Nanodrähte. In meiner Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass die Krümmung von Nanodrähten eine wichtige Rolle bei der Bewegung von chiralen DWs spielt. Eine chirale DW wird schneller oder verlangsamt sich in der Kurve. Dieser Geschwindigkeitsunterschied hängt von dem Vorzeichen der Krümmung oder der DW Konfiguration ab und die Differenz kann einen Faktor von 10 erreichen. Während diese Eigenschaft von DWs potentiell für Devices nützlich ist, stellt es ein wesentliches Problem für die Umsetzung von DW-basierten Devices wie dem Racetrack Memory dar, welches von einer synchronen DW-Bewegung abhängt. Dieses Problem kann durch die Verwendung von synthetischen Antiferromagneten (SAF) eliminiert werden, die aus zwei magnetischen Subschichten bestehen, die durch Wechselwirkung miteinander gekoppelt sind. In solchen Strukturen bewegen sich aufeinanderfolgende DWs mit der gleichen Geschwindigkeit, was die Attraktivität von SAF für DW-basierte Devices verstärkt.
description: Current-driven motion of domain walls (DW) has been an intensive area of research with applications in memory and logic. However, most of the experiments to date have focused on straight nanowires. In this thesis, the curvature of a nanowire is shown to play an important role in the motion of chiral DWs. A chiral DW travelling along a curved path speeds up or slows down compared to its motion in a straight wire. This change in speed depends on the sign of curvature or the configuration of DW and the difference in speeds can reach a factor of 10. While this property of DWs can potentially be useful for devices, it poses a significant problem to the operation of DW-based devices such as the racetrack memory which depend on the synchronous motion of DWs. This problem is eliminated in magnetic nanowires made out of synthetic antiferromagnetic structures (SAF) consisting of two magnetic sub-layers coupled via the exchange-coupling interaction. The adjoining DWs in such structures are move at the same speed, thus reinforcing the attractiveness of SAF for DW-based devices.
title: Cortical alteration in non-comorbid drug-naïve patients with social anxiety disorder: A surface-based morphometry study
Creators: name: Zhang, Xun
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Case-control study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Developmental disease
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Neural networks
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuro

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a highly prevalent and disabling anxiety disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear and emotional discomfort in social or performance situations[1].As individuals with SAD are intensely worried about...
SU(2) coherent state path integrals labeled by a full set of Euler angles: basic formulation
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Masao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a basic formulation of the spin (SU(2)) coherent state path integrals based not on the conventional highest or lowest weight vectors but on arbitrary fiducial vectors. The coherent states, being defined on a 3-sphere, are specified by a full set of Euler angles. They are generally considered as states without classical analogues. The overcompleteness relation holds for the states, by which we obtain the time evolution of general systems in terms of the path integral representation; the resultant Lagrangian in the action has a monopole-type term a la Balachandran etal. as well as some additional terms, both of which depend on fiuducial vectors in a simple way. The process of the discrete path integrals to the continuous ones is clarified. Complex variable forms of the states and path integrals are also obtained. During the course of all steps, we emphasize the analogies and correspondences to the general canonical coherent states and path integrals that we proposed some time ago. In this paper we concentrate on the basic formulation. The physical applications as well as criteria in choosing fiducial vectors for real Lagrangians, in relation to fictitious monopoles and geometric phases, will be treated in subsequent papers separately.
description: LaTex 2e; 28 pages. We rearrange the contents in such a way that one can grasp the whole results clearer than before by three theorems; All the appendices except one are incorporated into the body of the text. The contraction of the general SU(2) coherent state path integrals to those for the generic canonical coherent states is added. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:quant-ph/9906100
A Network Worm Vaccine Architecture
Creators: name: Sidiroglou, Stelios
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: The ability of worms to spread at rates that effectively preclude human-directed reaction has elevated them to a first-class security threat to distributed systems. We present the first reaction mechanism that seeks to automatically patch vulnerable software. Our system employs a collection of sensors that detect and capture potential worm infection vectors. We automatically test the effects of these vectors on appropriately-instrumented sandboxed instances of the targeted application, trying to identify the exploited software weakness. Our heuristics allow us to automatically generate patches that can protect against certain classes of attack, and test the resistance of the patched application against the infection vector. We describe our system architecture, discuss the various components, and propose directions for future research.
title: The diagnostic performance of two-dimensional shear wave elastography for liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C: A meta-analysis
Creators: name: Wei, Hong
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal Viscera
subject: Abdomen
subject: Liver
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Staging
subject: Cirrhosis
subject: Retrospective
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Multicentre study

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: There is growing evidence that liver fibrosis and cirrhosis can be reversed if the replication of hepatitis B or C virus （HBV or HCV）is suppressed via effective antiviral therapy [1,2,3]. In this scenario, accurate assessment of the severity of...
Effective SUSY modified after LHC run
Creators: name: Kim, Jihn E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some supersymmetric models after the recent LHC reports are discussed. Especially, the light Higgs boson around 125GeV is attempted to be accommodated. An extra Z' from GUTs, and the scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs bosons in supersymmetric extension of the standard model are also discussed.
description: 11 pages with 6 figures. Talk presented at GUT 2012, Kyoto, 15-17 March 2012, and PASCOS 2012, Merida, Mexico, 3-8 June 2012