cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Carbon emissions and income: The effects of growth and distribution
Creators: name: Heil, Mark Takeo
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 4101
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation

description: The growing consensus is that human activity influences global climate. This dissertation investigates issues of growth and distribution of global carbon dioxide emissions. A primary obstacle to a global climate change treaty is disagreement over how to share the burdens of emission reductions. First, this dissertation analyzes the distribution of historic global emissions distributions across countries. The primary analytical tool is the group decomposition by income of the Gini index. Results are: (i) overall inequality in the international distribution of emissions is high, but has declined modestly, 1960-90, (ii) groups of countries defined by per capita income consistently account for half of overall inequality, providing support for policy distinctions by income, and (iii) a future emissions allocation policy that shifts gradually from emphasizing "grandfathered" emission entitlements toward entitlements reflecting population would lower inequality while minimizing economic disruption. Second, this thesis examines the sources of emissions that contribute to overall inequality of emissions. This part of the analysis uses the Gini index to measure emissions inequality by source. Results show emissions from natural gas are distributed most unequally, and those from coal least unequally. Hence, policies that reduce emissions by fuel source present a dilemma. Reducing the highest-emitting fuel (coal) intensifies inequality, but reducing inequality calls for slashing use of the cleanest fuel (natural gas). One solution strategically combines reductions of two or more sources simultaneously to avoid increasing global inequality. Without a plan for sharing international burdens of emissions reductions, the world would follow a business-as-usual course. Chapters 4-5 use an econometric model to forecast the levels of carbon emissions by 2100 if the world were to follow this course. Not surprisingly, global emissions will continue rising. As incomes rise, marginal propensity to emit diminishes, however, faster economic growth generates higher, not lower, emissions. Even without a burden-sharing agreement, global emissions inequality will continue declining slowly as developing countries' shares of global emissions expand. Finally, the projections from this method are robust to substantial changes in the sample and the data.
The Impact of the Green-Blue Municipality Program on Diseases Regarding Water and Air Quality in S o Paulo State, Brazil
Creators: name: Maxir, H.
name: Almeida, A.
name: Galvao, M.
name: Silveira, I.
name: Costa, R.
name: Maxir, H.
name: Almeida, A.
name: Galvao, M.
name: Silveira, I.
name: Costa, R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This study evaluated the impact of the Green-Blue Municipality Program on the number of hospitalizations regarding air quality and number of disease cases due to contact with or consumption of contaminated water in the S o Paulo State, Brazil from 2007 to 2015. For that purpose, the Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-Differences approach were the strategies used for identification. The main results showed no significant reduction in the cases of diseases related to polluted water and air quality in municipalities in the S o Paulo State. We find that environmental policy-makers at the state of S o Paulo need to improve the program focus, making the economic benefits clearer and, consequently, contributing positively to the environmental and public health policy management. Acknowledgement :
From rhetoric to realism: The sophistic foundation of realist theory
Creators: name: Johnson, Thomas Joseph
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The sudden demise of the Soviet Union and the consequent end of the cold war has drawn many scholars in the field of international relations to question the validity of its primary theory, realism. Many argue that realism was constructed on the basis of a particular set of historical conditions, and as such it is now no longer of any use in an era which is characterized by a profusion of new actors, norms, and concerns. This dissertation challenges this characterization. It argues that in its various incarnations realism, while on the surface reflecting the particular characteristics of the late modern era, is informed at a deeper level by an epistemological framework that has its basis in the doctrines of the sophists of classical Greece. This dissertation outlines and abstracts a sophistic epistemology, traces it through the writings of the protorealist political philosophers of the modern era, and highlights its presence and constitutive role in the writings of major twentieth-century realists. In highlighting this sophistic foundation, it is shown that the philosophical basis of realist theory far transcends the details of the cold war, and demonstrates that realism is not destined to be abandoned now that the particular historical conditions which it currently reflects have changed. Rather, this interpretation allows for the rearticulation of realism to accommodate the details of the post-cold war world.
Fractal fronts in fractal fractures: large and small-scale structure
Creators: name: Drazer, G.
name: Auradou, H.
name: Koplik, J.
name: Hulin, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution and spatial structure of displacement fronts in fractures with self-affine rough walls are studied by numerical simulations. The fractures are open and the two faces are identical but shifted along their mean plane, either parallel or perpendicular to the flow. An initially flat front advected by the flow is progressively distorted into a self-affine front with Hurst exponent equal to that of the fracture walls. The lower cutoff of the self-affine regime depends on the aperture and lateral shift, while the upper cutoff grows linearly with the width of the front.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
How to measure the spreading width for decay of superdeformed nuclei
Creators: name: Cardamone, D. M.
name: Stafford, C. A.
name: Barrett, B. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new expression for the branching ratio for the decay via the E1 process in the normal-deformed band of superdeformed nuclei is given within a simple two-level model. Using this expression, the spreading or tunneling width Gamma^downarrow for superdeformed decay can be expressed entirely in terms of experimentally known quantities. We show how to determine the tunneling matrix element V from the measured value of Gamma^downarrow and a statistical model of the energy levels. The accuracy of the two-level approximation is verified by considering the effects of the other normal-deformed states.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
From rhetoric to realism: The sophistic foundation of realist theory
Creators: name: Johnson, Thomas Joseph
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The sudden demise of the Soviet Union and the consequent end of the cold war has drawn many scholars in the field of international relations to question the validity of its primary theory, realism. Many argue that realism was constructed on the basis of a particular set of historical conditions, and as such it is now no longer of any use in an era which is characterized by a profusion of new actors, norms, and concerns. This dissertation challenges this characterization. It argues that in its various incarnations realism, while on the surface reflecting the particular characteristics of the late modern era, is informed at a deeper level by an epistemological framework that has its basis in the doctrines of the sophists of classical Greece. This dissertation outlines and abstracts a sophistic epistemology, traces it through the writings of the protorealist political philosophers of the modern era, and highlights its presence and constitutive role in the writings of major twentieth-century realists. In highlighting this sophistic foundation, it is shown that the philosophical basis of realist theory far transcends the details of the cold war, and demonstrates that realism is not destined to be abandoned now that the particular historical conditions which it currently reflects have changed. Rather, this interpretation allows for the rearticulation of realism to accommodate the details of the post-cold war world.
A Simulation Method to Resolve Hydrodynamic Interactions in Colloidal Dispersions
Creators: name: Nakayama, Y.
name: Yamamoto, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new computational method is presented to resolve hydrodynamic interactions acting on solid particles immersed in incompressible host fluids. In this method, boundaries between solid particles and host fluids are replaced with a continuous interface by assuming a smoothed profile. This enabled us to calculate hydrodynamic interactions both efficiently and accurately, without neglecting many-body interactions. The validity of the method was tested by calculating the drag force acting on a single cylindrical rod moving in an incompressible Newtonian fluid. This method was then applied in order to simulate sedimentation process of colloidal dispersions.
description: 7pages, 7 figures
Wave turbulence in self-gravitating Bose gases and nonlocal nonlinear optics
Creators: name: Skipp, Jonathan
name: L'vov, Victor
name: Nazarenko, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the theory of weak wave turbulence in systems described by the Schrödinger-Helmholtz equations in two and three dimensions. This model contains as limits both the familiar cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and the Schrödinger-Newton equations. The latter, in three dimensions, are a nonrelativistic model of fuzzy dark matter which has a nonlocal gravitational self-potential, and in two dimensions they describe nonlocal nonlinear optics in the paraxial approximation. We show that in the weakly nonlinear limit the Schrödinger-Helmholtz equations have a simultaneous inverse cascade of particles and a forward cascade of energy. We interpret the inverse cascade as a nonequilibrium condensation process, which is a precursor to structure formation at large scales (for example the formation of galactic dark matter haloes or optical solitons). We show that for the Schrödinger-Newton equations in two and three dimensions, and in the two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation, the particle and energy fluxes are carried by small deviations from thermodynamic distributions, rather than the Kolmogorov-Zakharov cascades that are familiar in wave turbulence. We develop a differential approximation model to characterise such "warm cascade" states.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures. V4 minor typographical errors corrected
Higher Environmental Temperature During Pregnancy Causes Low Birthweight
Creators: name: Teji, Jagjit Singh
name: Gupta, Alka
name: Eldeirawi, Kamal
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Low birth weight
subject: Temperature
subject: Climate
subject: Mediclal Geography
subject: Infant, Low Birth Weight
subject: Climate
subject: Geography, Medical
subject: Temperature
subject: Pregnancy

description: This study found that there was a strong association of low birth weight with lower latitudes and higher average temperature in the United States.
Gravitational wave signature from phase transition of a combusting neutron star to quark star
Creators: name: Mallick, Ritam
name: Singh, Shailendra
name: Prasad, R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluctuation at the neutron star center gives rise to a small deconfined quark core very close to the star center. The density discontinuity at the quark-hadron boundary initiates a shock wave, which propagates outwards of the star. The shock has enough energy to combust nuclear matter to 2-flavor quark matter in the star. The 2-flavor quark matter is not stable and settles to a stable 3-flavor matter in the weakly interacting timescale. In this paper, we study the conversion of 2-flavor matter to 3-flavor matter. We set up a differential equation to convert the excess of down quarks to strange quarks involving weak reaction and diffusion of quarks. Calculating the reaction rate, we solve the differential equation to find the velocity of the conversion front. As the conversion front moves out, the density profile changes, bringing about a change in the star's quadrupole moment and thereby emitting gravitational waves. We find that the GW signal depends strongly on the star temperature and mass. The GW amplitude of a colder star is well within present detector capability, but the frequency is slightly on the higher side. Relatively hotter stars are on the boundary of present detectors and easily detectable with future detectors, and their frequency is also within the present detectability range. In comparison, PT from galactic pulsars is easily detectable with present detectors.
description: 14 pages and 11 figures
Innovation and Productivity in the Food vs. the High-Tech Manufacturing Sector
Creators: name: Frick, F.
name: Jantke, C.
name: Sauer, J.
name: Frick, F.
name: Jantke, C.
name: Sauer, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: The food sector is considered a mature and a research and development (R&D) extensive industry. Nevertheless, also food companies face numerous challenges and cannot abstain from innovation activity if they want to keep their competitive stance. We examine the impact of innovation on labor productivity in European food companies in comparison to results for firms operating in high-tech sectors. The central motivation of our study is that the observed low R&D intensity in the food sector should be mirrored in different productivity effects of innovation when compared to the high-tech sector. We use microdata from the European Union s Community Innovation Survey (CIS) and apply an endogeneity-robust multi-stage model that has been applied by various recent studies. Our results point out major differences between the examined subsectors. While we find strong positive effects of innovation on labor productivity for food firms, we find insignificant effects in the high-tech sector. This suggests that the returns to innovation might be best evaluated separately by sector rather than for the manufacturing sector as a whole. Acknowledgement :
Changes in the information environment of water management: the role of ICT
Creators: name: Cavazza, F.
name: Galioto, F.
name: Raggi, M.
name: Viaggi, D.
name: Cavazza, F.
name: Galioto, F.
name: Raggi, M.
name: Viaggi, D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Numerous Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been developed in irrigated agriculture. While there are studies focusing on ICT impacts at the farm level, no research deal with this issue at the level of Water Authority (WA). With the present study, the authors developed a theoretical framework based on Bayesian decision theory to assess the economic benefits brought by the introduction of ICT. An empirical example is provided with the aim of showing any potentialities and limitation of ICT for the management of water supply networks in agriculture. The adoption of ICT by WA have the capacity to achieve water savings and favor climate change adaptation. Site specific constraints as decisional power, water availability and technical issues do not allow the full exploitation of information services. A sensitivity analysis showed that by improving the quality of information, such constraints can be overcame. Policy remark is to favor ICT development jointly with end users, answering decision maker s information requirements. Acknowledgement :
Planting seeds for social dialogue: An institutional work perspective
Creators: name: D'Haese, M.
name: Gansemans, A.
name: Louche, C.
name: D'Haese, M.
name: Gansemans, A.
name: Louche, C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The paper seeks to understand how social dialogue can emerge in an anti-union context. Building from an institutional work perspective, we investigate how Dole in Costa Rica went from resisting to accepting social dialogue with two pineapple unions. The findings show that social dialogue is the result of a combination of convening, enabling, empowering and monitoring work involving a triadic relationship between supplier, international buyer and unions. Four stages were identified during which actors learned to collaborate and power relations were transformed. The paper highlights the importance of the dynamic nature of the triadic relationship in influencing social dialogue in a global value chain where production is located in an anti-union environment. The findings provide unique evidence on the role of the international buyer in supporting social dialogue as convener, facilitator, mediator and advisor. Acknowledgement :
Two-Dimensional Unoriented Strings And Matrix Models
Creators: name: Gomis, Jaume
name: Kapustin, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate unoriented strings and superstrings in two dimensions and their dual matrix quantum mechanics. Most of the models we study have a tachyon tadpole coming from the RP^2 worldsheet which needs to be cancelled by a renormalization of the worldsheet theory. We find evidence that the dual matrix models describe the renormalized theory. The singlet sector of the matrix models is integrable and can be formulated in terms of fermions moving in an external potential and interacting via the Calogero-Moser potential. We show that in the double-scaling limit the latter system exhibits particle-hole duality and interpret it in terms of the dual string theory. We also show that oriented string theories in two dimensions can be continuously deformed into unoriented ones by turning on non-local interactions on the worldsheet. We find two unoriented superstring models for which only oriented worldsheets contribute to the S-matrix. A simple explanation for this is found in the dual matrix model.
description: 36 pages, harvmac, 2 eps figures
title: Modulation of T-cell responses to Murine Melanoma by Targeted-Cytokine Therapy.
Creators: name: Becker, Jürgen C.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2001

description: The present thesis describes the characterization of T cell responses to melanoma and its modulation by in situ cytokine therapy. Previous studies have shown that antibody cytokine fusion proteins, designated immunocytokines, achieve high cytokine concentrations in the tumor microenvironment and thereby effectively stimulate cellular immune responses against malignancies. Analysis of the T cell receptor repertoire of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, as presented here, revealed operative differences in the immunomodulatory capacity of two proinflammatory cytokines, i.e., interleukin 2 and lymphotoxin ɑ, if applied targeted to the tumor site. While interleukin 2 is boosting an already established T cell response and enables the recirculation of clonally expanded T cells, lymphotoxin ɑ's modus operandi is relying on newly recruited T cells. Via induction of a tertiary lymphoid organ at the tumor site lymphotoxin a immunocytokines allow the recruitment, priming, and activation of naïve T cells to harness an effective T cell response against the tumor.
Design and development of topical formulations for ungual drug delivery of antifungal moieties
Creators: name: Puri, Vinam
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Globally, the most prevalent fungal disturbance of the nail, that not only has physiological effects, but also negatively impacts the quality of life of the affected population, is known as onychomycosis. It occurs more commonly in toenails but also affects fingernails and causes the infected nails to become discolored, brittle and thickened. Systemic treatment is the most effective management approach so far but there is an increasing demand for effective topical approaches due to the adverse effects that may be accompanied with the former approach. Topical drug delivery systems are applied directly at the site of infection and could avoid the first pass metabolism and systemic toxicity that is associated with orally delivered antifungal drugs. Several antifungal drugs such as polyenes, azoles and allylamines are being explored for delivery via topical formulations applied on the nail unit and they act by inhibiting fungal cell growth and multiplication at different stages of the cell cycle. This research focused on exploring topical drug delivery systems for some of the most utilized antifungal agents from allylamines and azoles classes, terbinafine and econazole respectively. The research was guided by the quality by design (QbD) approach involving and formulations were developed by the optimization of the material attributes and process parameters that were critical for achieving the desired quality of the products.Terbinafine hydrochloride (TBH) delivery was explored via polymeric nanospheres loaded into a hydrogel vehicle. This nano-gel delivery system was developed by assigning critical quality attributes (CQAs) to TBH nanospheres required to achieve the quality target product profile (QTPP). The delivery system evaluated for the nail delivery of econazole nitrate (ECN) was a polymeric film-forming and permeation enhancing lacquer. This investigation involved the development of a favorable nail lacquer by design of experiments (DoE) with varied critical material attributes (CMAs) to understand the impact of the type and quantities of the formulation excipients. Finally, the data generated while following the QbD based formulation development of these drug delivery systems was processed using a statistical software called JMP® which helped with the development of the patterns obtained with these experiments. The results were successful ungual delivery of these antifungal drugs through optimized formulations that met the desired quality specifications for nail drug delivery.
The economics of wage fairness: Three essays examining the theoretical and empirical impact of fairness norms on the United States wage structure
Creators: name: Jorgensen, Helene Jurik
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: In recent years, it is increasingly acknowledged among labor economists that perceptions of wage fairness affect wage outcomes, productivity, and labor turnover. The premise of the dissertation is that norms of wage fairness can only be understood by examining the institutional framework behind the wage determination process. Specifically, the dissertation's three essays focus on the role of collective bargaining in determining the set of fairness norms which prevails. In the first essay, it is argued that the collective nature of wage determination results in unions giving more emphasis to wage comparison across workers resulting in the predominance of standard pay in unionized firms. It is examined whether the wage structure in the union sector differs from that in the nonunion sector consistent with the hypothesis that the dispersion of union wages is less than the nonunion wage dispersion. Using Current Population Survey data, 1984 and 1994, the dispersions are compared by adopting the method of co-variation decomposition to control for variation in individual characteristics across worker groups. The findings show that union wages are more equal than nonunion wages, and thus supporting my hypothesis. The second essay extends the efficiency wage model of wage fairness by examining wage determination under collective bargaining. Outcomes of wage and effort are derived by applying the game theoretic concept of a "fairness equilibrium." A fairness equilibrium differs from the traditional Nash equilibrium by not only material payoffs but also the reciprocity of the outcome itself enter the objective functions due to concerns for fairness. The model shows that a Pareto superior outcome, characterized by higher wages and higher effort, is more likely to be obtained and sustained under collective bargaining, since unions increase benefits from cooperation and costs of conflict. Finally, the third essay examines the role of secular wage comparison. The essay adopts the argument made by Marshall (1887) that it is unfair for the employers and the workers to take advantage of improvement in bargaining power due to economic fluctuation. Using Current Population Survey data, 1973-81 and 1983-94, the union wage gap is estimated. Then a cointegration test is applied to test the hypothesis, that union wages are less sensitive to variation in economic conditions than nonunion wages. The empirical findings show that: (1) Union wages relative to nonunion wages were less sensitive to inflation in the first period. (2) Union wages have become sensitive to economic growth in the second period.
The measurement of alpha_s from event shapes with the DELPHI detector at the highest LEP energies
Creators: name: The DELPHI Collaboration
name: Abdallah, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hadronic event shape distributions are determined from data in e+e- collisions between 183 and 207 GeV. From these the strong coupling alpha_s is extracted in O(alpha_s^2), NLLA and matched O(alpha_s^2)+NLLA theory. Hadronisation corrections evaluated with fragmentation model generators as well as an analytical power ansatz are applied. Comparing these measurements to those obtained at and around M_Z allows a combined measurement of alpha_s from all DELPHI data and a test of the energy dependence of the strong coupling.
description: 38 pages, 7 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. J. C
Effects of agricultural commercialization on multidimensional poverty: Evidence from smallholder farmers in Kenya
Creators: name: Qaim, M.
name: Ogutu, S.
name: Qaim, M.
name: Ogutu, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: While previous studies have examined the impacts of agricultural commercialization on farm household welfare in terms of income, the implications on multidimensional poverty have rarely been analyzed. We examine the impacts of commercialization on farm household welfare measured in terms of multidimensional poverty, with income-based poverty indicators as robustness checks. Using data from a sample of 805 farm households in Western Kenya and various econometric models, we measure average treatment effects, continuous treatment effects, and impact heterogeneity. Commercialization significantly reduces multidimensional poverty headcount by 35% and share of multiple deprivations in education, healthcare, and living standards by 39% and income poverty gap by 86% above the mean of less commercialized households. The impacts on per capita income are positive and significant. Generalized propensity score estimates show that commercialization continuously reduces multidimensional and income-based poverty. Quantile regressions results show that the absolute gains in per capita income are larger for the better-off, suggesting that commercialization may contribute to higher inequality. The effects of commercialization on multidimensional poverty are significant across different quantiles, but are largely homogeneous. The policy implications are discussed. Key words: agricultural commercialization, welfare, multidimensional poverty, Kenya JEL codes: C21, I31, Q12, Q13 Acknowledgement : This research was financially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) based on a decision of the Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany (grant number 2813FSNu01). The authors thank Jonathan Nzuma (University of Nairobi) for his research cooperation.
The Impact of the Charge Barrier Height on Germanium (Ge) Detectors with Amorphous-Ge Contacts for Light Dark Matter Searches
Creators: name: Wei, W. -Z.
name: Panth, R.
name: Liu, J.
name: Mei, H.
name: Mei, D. -M.
name: Wang, G. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Germanium (Ge) detectors with ability of measuring a single electron-hole (e-h) pair are needed in searching for light dark matter (LDM) down to the MeV scale. We investigate the feasibility of Ge detectors with amorphous-Ge (a-Ge) contacts to achieve the sensitivity of measuring a single e-h pair, which requires extremely low leakage current. Three Ge detectors with a-Ge contacts are used to study the charge barrier height for blocking electrons and holes. Using the measured bulk leakage current and the D$\ddot{o}$hler-Brodsky model, we obtain the values for charge barrier height and the density of localized energy states near the Fermi energy level for the top and bottom contacts, respectively. We predict that the bulk leakage current is extremely small and can be neglected at helium temperature ($\sim$4 K). Thus, Ge detectors with a-Ge contacts possess the potential to measure a single e-h pair for detecting LDM particles.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures
Pharbitis caerulea Wall.
Creators: name: Turner, I. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Convolvulaceae
Pharbitis
Pharbitis caerulea

description: Pharbitis caerulea Wall.
 Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth (1797: 36). Convolvulus nil Linnaeus (1762: 219). Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy (1834: 441). Type: Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1 (1732) 96, t. 80 f. 91 (lectotype, designated by Verdcourt (1957)).
 Ipomoea caerulea Roxb. ex Ker Gawler (1818: t. 276). Convolvulus caeruleus (Roxb. ex Ker Gawl.) Sprengel (1824: 593), as ‘ coeruleus ’. Pharbitis caerulea (Roxb. ex Ker Gawl.) Wall. in O’Shaughnessy (1841: 505). Lectotype (designated here): Ker Gawler, Bot. Reg. 4 (1818) t. 276. Epitype (designated here): cult. in Hortus Botanicus Calcuttensis, [EIC 1373.3] (K-W)).
 Pharbitis caerulea is the only new combination made in The Bengal Dispensatory that appears in IPNI (www.ipni.org). The combination is credited to Wallich in the book and based on ‘ Ipomoea caerulea Kön. ’ with a reference to the second edition of Roxburgh’s Flora Indica (Roxburgh 1832). The species had actually been included in the first edition (Roxburgh 1824) based on a name supplied by J. König. However many of Roxburgh’s species, because they were mostly published posthumously from manuscripts that had been wholely or partly in circulation, were validated at earlier dates by other authors. Ipomoea caerulea first appeared in The Botanical Register in 1812. The author of the text in the early volumes was John Bellenden Ker Gawler (Stafleu & Cowan 1979). The species was described and illustrated from material grown from seed at the nursery of Whitley & Co. in Fulham, London. The seed had been obtained from the Botanic Garden in Calcutta presumably under the name Ipomoea caerulea. Ker Gawler cited ‘Roxb. corom. ined.’, which presumably is a reference to manuscript material that Roxburgh sent to Sir Joseph Banks who was overseeing publication of Roxburgh’s Plants of the Coast of Coromandel. I have not been able to trace any herbarium specimens (BM, K) relating to the material of Ipomoea caerulea described or drawn in The Botanical Register and therefore I lectotypify the species to the illustration prepared by Sydenham Edwards. The Wallich Herbarium contains specimens named Ipomoea caerulea that were cultivated in the Calcutta Botanic Garden and I designate one of these as epitype. The plant is correctly referred to Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth.
description: Published as part of Turner, I. M., 2011, The contribution of Sir William Brooke O'Shaughnessy (1809 - 1889) to plant taxonomy, pp. 57-63 in Phytotaxa 15 on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.15.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4907562
Hyperfine quenching of the metastable $^3P_{0,2}$ states in divalent atoms
Creators: name: Porsev, Sergey
name: Derevianko, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyperfine quenching rates of the lowest-energy metastable $^3P_0$ and $^3P_2$ states of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Yb atoms are computed. The calculations are carried out using ab initio relativistic many-body methods. The computed lifetimes may be useful for designing novel ultra-precise optical clocks and trapping experiments with the $3P_2$ fermionic isotopes. The resulting natural widths of the $^3P_0 -> ^1S_0$ clock transition are 0.44 mHz for $^{25}$Mg, 2.2 mHz for $^{43}$Ca, 7.6 mHz for $^{87}$Sr, 43.5 mHz for $^{171}$Yb, and 38.5 mHz for $^{173}$Yb. Compared to the bosonic isotopes, the lifetime of the $3P_2$ states in fermionic isotopes is noticeably shortened by the hyperfine quenching but still remains long enough for trapping experiments.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. A
PRoGS: Progressive Rendering of Gaussian Splats
Creators: name: Zoomers, Brent
name: Wijnants, Maarten
name: Molenaers, Ivan
name: Vanherck, Joni
name: Put, Jeroen
name: Jorissen, Lode
name: Michiels, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the past year, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has received significant attention for its ability to represent 3D scenes in a perceptually accurate manner. However, it can require a substantial amount of storage since each splat's individual data must be stored. While compression techniques offer a potential solution by reducing the memory footprint, they still necessitate retrieving the entire scene before any part of it can be rendered. In this work, we introduce a novel approach for progressively rendering such scenes, aiming to display visible content that closely approximates the final scene as early as possible without loading the entire scene into memory. This approach benefits both on-device rendering applications limited by memory constraints and streaming applications where minimal bandwidth usage is preferred. To achieve this, we approximate the contribution of each Gaussian to the final scene and construct an order of prioritization on their inclusion in the rendering process. Additionally, we demonstrate that our approach can be combined with existing compression methods to progressively render (and stream) 3DGS scenes, optimizing bandwidth usage by focusing on the most important splats within a scene. Overall, our work establishes a foundation for making remotely hosted 3DGS content more quickly accessible to end-users in over-the-top consumption scenarios, with our results showing significant improvements in quality across all metrics compared to existing methods.
The economics of wage fairness: Three essays examining the theoretical and empirical impact of fairness norms on the United States wage structure
Creators: name: Jorgensen, Helene Jurik
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics
classificationCode: 3803
subject: Economic theory

description: In recent years, it is increasingly acknowledged among labor economists that perceptions of wage fairness affect wage outcomes, productivity, and labor turnover. The premise of the dissertation is that norms of wage fairness can only be understood by examining the institutional framework behind the wage determination process. Specifically, the dissertation's three essays focus on the role of collective bargaining in determining the set of fairness norms which prevails. In the first essay, it is argued that the collective nature of wage determination results in unions giving more emphasis to wage comparison across workers resulting in the predominance of standard pay in unionized firms. It is examined whether the wage structure in the union sector differs from that in the nonunion sector consistent with the hypothesis that the dispersion of union wages is less than the nonunion wage dispersion. Using Current Population Survey data, 1984 and 1994, the dispersions are compared by adopting the method of co-variation decomposition to control for variation in individual characteristics across worker groups. The findings show that union wages are more equal than nonunion wages, and thus supporting my hypothesis. The second essay extends the efficiency wage model of wage fairness by examining wage determination under collective bargaining. Outcomes of wage and effort are derived by applying the game theoretic concept of a "fairness equilibrium." A fairness equilibrium differs from the traditional Nash equilibrium by not only material payoffs but also the reciprocity of the outcome itself enter the objective functions due to concerns for fairness. The model shows that a Pareto superior outcome, characterized by higher wages and higher effort, is more likely to be obtained and sustained under collective bargaining, since unions increase benefits from cooperation and costs of conflict. Finally, the third essay examines the role of secular wage comparison. The essay adopts the argument made by Marshall (1887) that it is unfair for the employers and the workers to take advantage of improvement in bargaining power due to economic fluctuation. Using Current Population Survey data, 1973-81 and 1983-94, the union wage gap is estimated. Then a cointegration test is applied to test the hypothesis, that union wages are less sensitive to variation in economic conditions than nonunion wages. The empirical findings show that: (1) Union wages relative to nonunion wages were less sensitive to inflation in the first period. (2) Union wages have become sensitive to economic growth in the second period.
Does COUNTER tell the whole story? Case-by-case examples demonstrating the limitations of COUNTER, and suggestions for alternative evaluation metrics
Creators: name: Shank, Jonathan P
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: COUNTER
subject: Usage data
subject: Usage statistics
subject: Usage logs
subject: Citation analysis
subject: Collection development
subject: Electronic resources
subject: Web analytics
subject: CARLI
subject: Library Technical Services
subject: Library Collection Development
subject: Serial Publications
subject: Bibliometrics
subject: Electronic journals
subject: Technical services (Libraries)
subject: Collection management (Libraries)
subject: Collection development (Libraries)
subject: Bibliometrics
subject: Scientific literature
subject: Electronic information resources
subject: Library resources

description: PowerPoint slides and notes from a talk given at the 2017 CARLI Spring Forum on Collections Data Analysis and Maintenance, held at Governors State University.
description: COUNTER reports are an extraordinarily valuable tool for evaluating the usage of library journal subscriptions.  Unfortunately, COUNTER also has its limitations, especially in complicated licensing environments where usage and value needs to be attributed to a particular campus, library or institution. As part of a larger collection development project at Northwestern Universitys Galter Health Sciences Library, a team of librarians are analyzing citation and publication data, with plans to develop custom metrics and benchmarks to supplement COUNTER data. This short talk highlights a few specific examples where COUNTER data alone is insufficient, inconclusive or misleading in comparison to the other metrics being developed by Galter Library. Alternative methods and workarounds for evaluating journal usage and impact are then explored.
description: presentation_location: University Park, Illinois, United States
Image quality measurements and denoising using Fourier Ring Correlations
Creators: name: R, Andrzej J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: image denoising

description: Image quality is a nebulous concept with different meanings to different people. To quantify image quality a relative difference is typically calculated between a corrupted image and a ground truth image. But what metric should we use for measuring this difference? Ideally, the metric should perform well for both natural and scientific images. The structural similarity index (SSIM) is a good measure for how humans perceive image similarities, but is not sensitive to differences that are scientifically meaningful in microscopy. In electron and super-resolution microscopy, the Fourier Ring Correlation (FRC) is often used, but is little known outside of these fields. Here we show that the FRC can equally well be applied to natural images, e.g.\ the Google Open Images dataset. We then define a loss function based on the FRC, show that it is analytically differentiable, and use it to train a U-net for denoising of images. This FRC-based loss function allows the network to train faster and achieve similar or better results than when using L1- or L2-based losses.
 We also investigate the properties and limitations of neural network denoising with the FRC analysis.
D4.2 Inventory of historical and open EO data and techniques to be used
Creators: name: Nikolaos Tsakiridis, Nikolaos Tziolas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Spectroscopy, VNIR-SWIR, EO-based image, EO data, In-situ, soil monitoring, satellite data

description: A report describing (i) the overall DIONE soil methodological framework with more emphasis to a novel methodological approach which combines satellite imagery data, soil spectral libraries and local spectral measurements based on a portable and handled Micro electronical Systems (MEMS). (ii) the current status in soil spectroscopy, (iii) the modelling procedures that can transform spectral signatures into soil properties and (iv) the Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) map resulted form the proposed methodology.
On the Ehrhart Polynomial of Minimal Matroids
Creators: name: Ferroni, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B35 52B20 11B73

description: We provide a formula for the Ehrhart polynomial of the connected matroid of size $n$ and rank $k$ with the least number of bases, also known as a minimal matroid. We prove that their polytopes are Ehrhart positive and $h^*$-real-rooted (and hence unimodal). We prove that the operation of circuit-hyperplane relaxation relates minimal matroids and matroid polytopes subdivisions, and also preserves Ehrhart positivity. We state two conjectures: that indeed all matroids are $h^*$-real-rooted, and that the coefficients of the Ehrhart polynomial of a connected matroid of fixed rank and cardinality are bounded by those of the corresponding minimal matroid and the corresponding uniform matroid.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Discrete and Computational Geometry
Modeling student success: A longitudinal study of Black students and White students
Creators: name: Lanni, Joseph C.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3902
subject: Education policy, sociology and philosophy
classificationCode: 3903
subject: Education systems

description: Community Colleges are enrolling an increasingly diverse student population, representing more minority group members and students with English as a second language. One minority group, American Black students, are disproportionally enrolled in community colleges and yet do not succeed at nearly the rates of groups of students. This study was designed to identify factors that are associated with student success and to use this information to predict which students are most likely to be at-risk students, that is are least likely to succeed. In keeping with this objective, American Black students' and American White students' progress and degree of success were assessed at a large East Coast community college. In the aggregate, the background of Black students was often disadvantaged, compared to White students, with lower family incomes, less parental education, and less college preparedness. In college, Black students collectively attended more frequently on a part-time basis, less frequently entered with college-level English or math skills, and more often had need of financial assistance than did White students. Black students succeeded at each of three levels of success, as defined within this study, less frequently than did White students. However, controlling for family educational levels, statistically significant differences between the performance of Black students and White students at Levels I and II were negated. An iterative chi-squared technique (CHAID) was used to identify potential independent variables to be used in constructing a predictive model. Logistic regression techniques were utilized to identify students that were most likely to be non-successful. Intervention strategies were recommended to improve the success rates of these students. The research methodology employed in this study may be custom fitted to other educational institutions to provide administrators and decision-makers with a sophisticated methodology that is both fairly inexpensive and yet is capable of identifying potentially at-risk students. Future research is needed to establish more refined measures of success and to further develop and generalize the methodological approach developed in this study.