cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An investigation into blankets to replace personal heaters in offices
Creators: name: Memar, Pouya
name: Zhang, Charlie
name: Shen, Kevin
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: This report investigates the possibility of replacing heaters in offices at UBC with blankets for warmth. Often occupants use personal heaters to keep warm during cold months, as it is very challenging for all occupants in a building to reach optimal thermal comfort at all times. The triple bottom line method was used to compare the environmental, economic, and social aspects of heater and blanket usage. To evaluate the economic impact of heaters, the cost of operating a heater was calculated and compared with the cost of purchasing and maintenance of blankets to determine the payback period. The environmental aspect of the project was investigated by considering the carbon emissions of heater usage and washing and drying of blankets. A survey was distributed at one of the buildings at UBC where it is known that occupants use personal heaters for warmth. It was found that there are advantages in switching from heaters to blankets with respect to economics and environment, however occupants are resistant to the idea of using blankets for warmth. Finally, in the conclusion section recommendations are made to purchase more efficient and environmentally friendly heaters to replace the heaters that occupants are currently using, as well as to educate the people who are using heaters about the environmental and economic disadvantages of heaters. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Karate Club: An API Oriented Open-source Python Framework for Unsupervised Learning on Graphs
Creators: name: Rozemberczki, Benedek
name: Kiss, Oliver
name: Sarkar, Rik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present Karate Club a Python framework combining more than 30 state-of-the-art graph mining algorithms which can solve unsupervised machine learning tasks. The primary goal of the package is to make community detection, node and whole graph embedding available to a wide audience of machine learning researchers and practitioners. We designed Karate Club with an emphasis on a consistent application interface, scalability, ease of use, sensible out of the box model behaviour, standardized dataset ingestion, and output generation. This paper discusses the design principles behind this framework with practical examples. We show Karate Club's efficiency with respect to learning performance on a wide range of real world clustering problems, classification tasks and support evidence with regards to its competitive speed.
description: The frameworks is available at: https://github.com/benedekrozemberczki/karateclub
Stochastic Acceleration of Electrons and Protons. I. Acceleration by Parallel Propagating Waves
Creators: name: Petrosian, Vahé
name: Liu, Siming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stochastic acceleration of electrons and protons by waves propagating parallel to the large scale magnetic fields of magnetized plasmas is studied with emphasis on the feasibility of accelerating particles from a thermal background to relativistic energies and with the aim of determining the relative acceleration of the two species in one source. In general, the stochastic acceleration by these waves results in two distinct components in the particle distributions, a quasi-thermal and a hard nonthermal, with the nonthermal one being more prominent in hotter plasmas and/or with higher level turbulence. This can explain many of the observed features of solar flares. Regarding the proton to electron ratio, we include the effects of $^4$He in the dispersion relation and the damping of the turbulent waves by the thermal background plasma. The relative acceleration of protons and electrons is very sensitive to the ratio of the electron plasma frequency to its gyro-frequency. Protons are preferentially accelerated in weakly magnetized plasmas. The formalism developed here is applicable to the acceleration of other ion species and to other astrophysical systems.
description: 53 pages and 15 figures, To be published in ApJ
Lowest energy states of an $O(N)$ fermionic chain
Creators: name: Hakobyan, Tigran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quite general finite-size chain of fermions with $N$ internal degrees of freedom (flavors) and $O(N)$ symmetry is considered. In the case of the free boundary condition, we prove that the ground state in the invariant sector having exactly $m$ flavors with an odd particle number is represented by a single rank-$m$ antisymmetric multiplet. For the even-length chains, its particle-hole quantum number (if it's a good one) is given by the parity of the $m$. For the odd-length chains, the particle-hole symmetry leads to the twofold degeneracy among the conjugate multiplets. Similar statements are proven for the $O(N)$ mixed-spin chains in antisymmetric representations. The results are extended to the long-range interacting fermions and (partially) to the translation invariant chains.
description: Expanded version accepted in Phys. Rev. B. The spectrum of two-site chains is calculated, and the spin chains are discussed in more detail. Formulas and two figures are added, misprints corrected. 20 pages
Additional file 3 of A whole system approach to increasing children’s physical activity in a multi-ethnic UK city: a process evaluation protocol
Creators: name: Hall, Jennifer
name: Bingham, Daniel D.
name: Seims, Amanda
name: Dogra, Sufyan Abid
name: Burkhardt, Jan
name: Nobles, James
name: McKenna, Jim
name: Bryant, Maria
name: Barber, Sally E.
name: Daly-Smith, Andy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Influences on behaviour questionnaire. A survey, adapted from Keyworth et al. [42], used to understand the capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour of neighbourhood-level stakeholders related to supporting children to be physically active.
Overselling globalization : The misleading conflation of economic globalization and immigration, and the subsequent backlash
Creators: name: Castaneda-Tinoco, Ernesto
name: Shemesh, Amber
Publisher: name: Social Sciences
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: Many think that immigration is something caused by globalization, and some subsequently blame immigrants for the increased inequalities produced by economic globalization. Xenophobic nationalism has gained popularity around the world, further increasing racial tensions but without addressing the underlying causes of growing socioeconomic inequality, which this paper strives to show is caused by economic policies, not immigration. This paper argues that the apparent retreat from globalization arises from the flawed conceptualization of globalization as a bundle of different processes. This study analyzes early framings of economic globalization and shows how it has been linked, for political reasons, to increased migration, diversity, and open borders. Coining the term globalization was not just naming ongoing social change, but it became part of the branding of an elite ideological policy project. The popular framing of globalization purposely entangled independent phenomena such as free trade policies, the expansion of the internet, cosmopolitan identities, and international migration. These couplings brought together neoliberal conservatives and liberal cosmopolitans. Given the current backlash, it is essential to distinguish migration from policies favoring trade and capital movement across borders. It is noteworthy to remember that immigration is something that preceded globalization. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how migration became entangled with globalization in the popular imagination.
Direct measurement of finite-time disentanglement induced by a reservoir
Creators: name: Santos, M. Franca
name: Milman, P.
name: Davidovich, L.
name: Zagury, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for directly probing the dynamics of disentanglement of an initial two-qubit entangled state, under the action of a reservoir. We show that it is possible to detect disentanglement, for experimentally realizable examples of decaying systems, through the measurement of a single observable, which is invariant throughout the decay. The systems under consideration may lead to either finite-time or asymptotic disentanglement. A general prescription for measuring this observable, which yields an operational meaning to entanglement measures, is proposed, and exemplified for cavity quantum electrodynamics and trapped ions.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Probing the mechanism of EWSB with a rho parameter defined in terms of Higgs couplings
Creators: name: Diaz-Cruz, J. L.
name: Lopez-Falcon, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A definition of the rho parameter based on the Higgs couplings with the gauge bosons, rho_h= g_{hWW}}/c^2_W g_{hZZ}, is proposed as a new probe into the origin of the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking. While $ρ_h=1$ holds in the SM, deviations from one are predicted in models with extended Higgs sector. We derive a general expresion of rho_h for a model with arbitrary Higgs multiplets, and discuss its size within the context of specific models with Higgs triplets, including the ``Little Higgs'' models recently proposed. We find the even for Higgs models that incorporate the custodial symmetry to make rho=1, one could have rho_h\neq 1, which could be tested at the level of a few percent, with the precision Higgs meassurements expected at the NLC.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Experimental composable security decoy-state quantum key distribution using time-phase encoding
Creators: name: Yin, Hua-Lei
name: Liu, Peng
name: Dai, Wei-Wei
name: Ci, Zhao-Hui
name: Gu, Jie
name: Gao, Tian
name: Wang, Qiang-Wei
name: Shen, Zi-Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises provably secure communications. In order to improve the secret key rate, combining a biased basis choice with the decoy-state method is proposed. Concomitantly, there is a basis-independent detection efficiency condition, which usually cannot be satisfied in a practical system, such as the time-phase encoding. Fortunately, this flaw has been recently removed theoretically and experimentally using the fact that the expected yields of single-photon states prepared in two bases stay the same for a given measurement basis. However, the security proofs do not fully consider the finite-key effects for general attacks. In this work, we provide the rigorous finite-key security bounds for four-intensity decoy-state BB84 QKD against coherent attacks in the universally composable framework. Furthermore, we build a time-phase encoding system with 200 MHz clocked to implement this protocol, in which the real-time secret key rate is more than 60 kbps over 50 km single-mode fiber.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 8 of Effect of age at vaccination on the measles vaccine effectiveness and immunogenicity: systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Carazo, Sara
name: Marie-Noëlle Billard
name: Boutin, Amélie
name: Serres, Gaston De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8. Figure – Funnel plots. This figure represents the funnel plots for each outcome.
The nonextensive statistical ensembles with dual thermodynamic interpretations
Creators: name: Zheng, Yahui
name: Du, Jiulin
name: Liu, Linxia
name: Kong, Huijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonextensive statistical ensembles are revisited for the complex systems with long-range interactions and long-range correlations. An approximation, the value of nonextensive parameter (1-q) is assumed to be very tiny, is adopted for the limit of large particle number for most normal systems. In this case, Tsallis entropy can be expanded as a function of energy and particle number fluctuation, and thus the power-law forms of the generalized Gibbs distribution and grand canonical distribution can be derived. These new distribution functions can be applied to derive the free energy and grand thermodynamic potential in nonextensive thermodynamics. In order to establish appropriate nonextensive thermodynamic formalism, the dual thermodynamic interpretations are necessary for thermodynamic relations and thermodynamic quantities. By using a new technique of parameter transformation, the single-particle distribution can be deduced from the power-law Gibbs distribution. This technique produces a link between the statistical ensemble and the quasi-independent system with two kinds of nonextensive parameter having quite different physical explanations. Furthermore, the technique is used to construct nonextensive quantum statistics and effectively to avoid the factorization difficulty in the power-law grand canonical distribution.
description: 26 pages, 48 references
Epigenetic regulation of Neuregulin-1 tunes white adipose stem cell differentiation
Creators: name: Cordero, Alyssa D.
name: Callihan, Evan C.
name: Said, Rana
name: Alowais, Yasir
name: Paffhausen, Emily S.
name: Bracht, John
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue by differentiation of new adipocytes has been linked to improvements in metabolic health. However, an expandability limit has been observed wherein new adipocytes cannot be produced, the existing adipocytes become enlarged (hypertrophic) and lipids spill over into ectopic sites. Inappropriate ectopic storage of these surplus lipids in liver, muscle, and visceral depots has been linked with metabolic dysfunction. Here we show that Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) serves as a regulator of adipogenic differentiation in subcutaneous primary human stem cells. We further demonstrate that DNA methylation modulates NRG1 expression in these cells, and a 3-day exposure of stem cells to a recombinant NRG1 peptide fragment is sufficient to reprogram adipogenic cellular differentiation to higher levels. These results define a novel molecular adipogenic rheostat with potential implications for the expansion of adipose tissue in vivo.
Additional file 4 of A whole system approach to increasing children’s physical activity in a multi-ethnic UK city: a process evaluation protocol
Creators: name: Hall, Jennifer
name: Bingham, Daniel D.
name: Seims, Amanda
name: Dogra, Sufyan Abid
name: Burkhardt, Jan
name: Nobles, James
name: McKenna, Jim
name: Bryant, Maria
name: Barber, Sally E.
name: Daly-Smith, Andy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Network mapping survey. A survey to map connections and relationships between different stakeholders and organisations within JU:MP neighbourhoods.
Epigenetic regulation of Neuregulin-1 tunes white adipose stem cell differentiation
Creators: name: Cordero, Alyssa D.
name: Callihan, Evan C.
name: Said, Rana
name: Alowais, Yasir
name: Paffhausen, Emily S.
name: Bracht, John
Publisher: name: Cells
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue by differentiation of new adipocytes has been linked to improvements in metabolic health. However, an expandability limit has been observed wherein new adipocytes cannot be produced, the existing adipocytes become enlarged (hypertrophic) and lipids spill over into ectopic sites. Inappropriate ectopic storage of these surplus lipids in liver, muscle, and visceral depots has been linked with metabolic dysfunction. Here we show that Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) serves as a regulator of adipogenic differentiation in subcutaneous primary human stem cells. We further demonstrate that DNA methylation modulates NRG1 expression in these cells, and a 3-day exposure of stem cells to a recombinant NRG1 peptide fragment is sufficient to reprogram adipogenic cellular differentiation to higher levels. These results define a novel molecular adipogenic rheostat with potential implications for the expansion of adipose tissue in vivo.
Additional file 6 of Effect of age at vaccination on the measles vaccine effectiveness and immunogenicity: systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Carazo, Sara
name: Marie-Noëlle Billard
name: Boutin, Amélie
name: Serres, Gaston De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6. Table – Seroconversion after one dose of MCV by age at vaccination. This table describes the seroconversion risk by age at vaccination of all studies included in the one-dose immunogenicity analysis.
A fourth-order time-splitting Laguerre-Hermite pseudo-spectral method for Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Bao, Weizhu
name: Shen, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fourth-order time-splitting Laguerre-Hermite pseudospectral method is introduced for Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in 3-D with cylindrical symmetry. The method is explicit, unconditionally stable, time reversible and time transverse invariant. It conserves the position density, and is spectral accurate in space and fourth-order accurate in time. Moreover, the new method has two other important advantages: (i) it reduces a 3-D problem with cylindrical symmetry to an effective 2-D problem; (ii) it solves the problem in the whole space instead of in a truncated artificial computational domain. The method is applied to vector Gross-Pitaevskii equations (VGPEs) for multi-component BECs. Extensive numerical tests are presented for 1-D GPE, 2-D GPE with radial symmetry, 3-D GPE with cylindrical symmetry as well as 3-D VGPEs for two-component BECs to show the efficiency and accuracy of the new numerical method.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Doubleverse entanglement in third quantized non-minimally coupled varying constants cosmologies
Creators: name: Balcerzak, Adam
name: Marosek, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83F05

description: In this paper we consider a third quantized cosmological model with varying speed of light $c$ and varying gravitational constant $G$ both represented by non-minimally coupled scalar fields. The third quantization of such a model leads to a scenario of the doubleverse with the two components being quantum mechanically entangled. We calculate the two parameters describing the entanglement, namely: the energy and the entropy of entanglement where the latter appears to be a proper measure of the entanglement. We consider a possibility that the entanglement can manifests itself as an effective perfect fluid characterized by the time dependent barotropic index $w_{eff}$, which for some specific case corresponds to the fluid of cosmic strings. It seems that such an entanglement induced effective perfect fluid may generate significant backreaction effect at early times.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 2 of Using digital health to facilitate compliance with standardized pediatric cancer treatment guidelines in Tanzania: protocol for an early-stage effectiveness-implementation hybrid study
Creators: name: Vasudevan, Lavanya
name: Schroeder, Kristin
name: Yadurshini Raveendran
name: Kunal Goel
name: Makarushka, Christina
name: Nestory Masalu
name: Zullig, Leah L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Example informed consent form for caregivers of children approached for participation in the study.
The dual formalisms of nonextensive thermodynamics for open systems with maximum entropy principle
Creators: name: Zheng, Yahui
name: Yu, Haining
name: Du, Jiulin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nonextensive thermodynamics for open systems. On the basis of the maximum entropy principle, the dual power-law q-distribution functions are re-deduced by using the dual particle number definitions and assuming that the chemical potential is constant in the two sets of parallel formalisms, where the fundamental thermodynamic equations with dual interpretations of thermodynamic quantities are derived for the open systems. By introducing parallel structures of Legendre transformations, other thermodynamic equations with dual interpretations of quantities are also deduced in the open systems, and then several dual thermodynamic relations are inferred. One can easily find that there are correlations between the dual relations, from which an equivalent rule is found that the Tsallis factor is invariable in calculations of partial derivative with constant volume or constant entropy. Using this rule, more correlations can be found. And the statistical expressions of the Lagrange internal energy and pressure are easily obtained.
description: 16 pages, 25 references
Data-based RNA-seq simulations by binomial thinning
Creators: name: Gerard, David
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Background: With the explosion in the number of methods designed to analyze bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data, there is a growing need for approaches that assess and compare these methods. The usual technique is to compare methods on data simulated according to some theoretical model. However, as real data often exhibit violations from theoretical models, this can result in unsubstantiated claims of a method's performance. Results: Rather than generate data from a theoretical model, in this paper we develop methods to add signal to real RNA-seq datasets. Since the resulting simulated data are not generated from an unrealistic theoretical model, they exhibit realistic (annoying) attributes of real data. This lets RNA-seq methods developers assess their procedures in non-ideal (model-violating) scenarios. Our procedures may be applied to both single-cell and bulk RNA-seq. We show that our simulation method results in more realistic datasets and can alter the conclusions of a differential expression analysis study. We also demonstrate our approach by comparing various factor analysis techniques on RNA-seq datasets. Conclusions: Using data simulated from a theoretical model can substantially impact the results of a study. We developed more realistic simulation techniques for RNA-seq data.
Additional file 5 of A whole system approach to increasing children’s physical activity in a multi-ethnic UK city: a process evaluation protocol
Creators: name: Hall, Jennifer
name: Bingham, Daniel D.
name: Seims, Amanda
name: Dogra, Sufyan Abid
name: Burkhardt, Jan
name: Nobles, James
name: McKenna, Jim
name: Bryant, Maria
name: Barber, Sally E.
name: Daly-Smith, Andy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5. Observational framework. A framework designed to guide the collection and recording of observational data.
The longitudinal conductance of mesoscopic Hall samples with arbitrary disorder and periodic modulations
Creators: name: Zhou, Chenggang
name: Berciu, Mona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Kubo-Landauer formalism to compute the longitudinal (two-terminal) conductance of a two dimensional electron system placed in a strong perpendicular magnetic field, and subjected to periodic modulations and/or disorder potentials. The scattering problem is recast as a set of inhomogeneous, coupled linear equations, allowing us to find the transmission probabilities from a finite-size system computation; the results are exact for non-interacting electrons. Our method fully accounts for the effects of the disorder and the periodic modulation, irrespective of their relative strength, as long as Landau level mixing is negligible. In particular, we focus on the interplay between the effects of the periodic modulation and those of the disorder. This appears to be the relevant regime to understand recent experiments [S. Melinte {\em et al}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 92}, 036802 (2004)], and our numerical results are in qualitative agreement with these experimental results. The numerical techniques we develop can be generalized straightforwardly to many-terminal geometries, as well as other multi-channel scattering problems.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Additional file 6 of A whole system approach to increasing children’s physical activity in a multi-ethnic UK city: a process evaluation protocol
Creators: name: Hall, Jennifer
name: Bingham, Daniel D.
name: Seims, Amanda
name: Dogra, Sufyan Abid
name: Burkhardt, Jan
name: Nobles, James
name: McKenna, Jim
name: Bryant, Maria
name: Barber, Sally E.
name: Daly-Smith, Andy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6. JU:MP thematic framework. The framework used to index data as part of the qualitative framework analysis.
Surgery diagrams for contact 3-manifolds
Creators: name: Ding, Fan
name: Geiges, Hansjörg
name: Stipsicz, András I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D35; 57M25, 57R65

description: In two previous papers, the two first-named authors introduced a notion of contact r-surgery along Legendrian knots in contact 3-manifolds. They also showed how (at least in principle) to convert any contact r-surgery into a sequence of contact plus or minus 1 surgeries, and used this to prove that any (closed) contact 3-manifold can be obtained from the standard contact structure on the 3-sphere by a sequence of such surgeries. In the present paper, we give a shorter proof of that result and a more explicit algorithm for turning a contact r-surgery into plus or minus 1 surgeries. We use this to give explicit surgery diagrams for all contact structures on the 3-sphere and S^1\times S^2, as well as all overtwisted contact structures on arbitrary closed, orientable 3-manifolds. This amounts to a new proof of the Lutz-Martinet theorem that each homotopy class of 2-plane fields on such a manifold is represented by a contact structure.
description: 32 pages, 14 figures
One-Electron Singular Branch Lines of the Hubbard Chain
Creators: name: Carmelo, J. M. P.
name: Penc, K.
name: Martelo, L. M.
name: Sacramento, P. D.
name: Santos, J. M. B. Lopes dos
name: Claessen, R.
name: Sing, M.
name: Schwingenschlögl, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The momentum and energy dependence of the weight distribution in the vicinity of the one-electron spectral-function singular branch lines of the 1D Hubbard model is studied for all values of the electronic density and on-site repulsion $U$. To achieve this goal we use the recently introduced pseudofermion dynamical theory. Our predictions agree quantitatively for the whole momentum and energy bandwidth with the peak dispersions observed by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy in the quasi-1D organic conductor TTF-TCNQ.
description: Replaced with shortened version; 4 figures
Data-based RNA-seq simulations by binomial thinning
Creators: name: Gerard, David
Publisher: name: BMC Bioinformatics
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: With the explosion in the number of methods designed to analyze bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data, there is a growing need for approaches that assess and compare these methods. The usual technique is to compare methods on data simulated according to some theoretical model. However, as real data often exhibit violations from theoretical models, this can result in unsubstantiated claims of a method's performance. Results: Rather than generate data from a theoretical model, in this paper we develop methods to add signal to real RNA-seq datasets. Since the resulting simulated data are not generated from an unrealistic theoretical model, they exhibit realistic (annoying) attributes of real data. This lets RNA-seq methods developers assess their procedures in non-ideal (model-violating) scenarios. Our procedures may be applied to both single-cell and bulk RNA-seq. We show that our simulation method results in more realistic datasets and can alter the conclusions of a differential expression analysis study. We also demonstrate our approach by comparing various factor analysis techniques on RNA-seq datasets. Conclusions: Using data simulated from a theoretical model can substantially impact the results of a study. We developed more realistic simulation techniques for RNA-seq data.
Neutrino phenomenology in a left-right $D_4$ symmetric model
Creators: name: Bonilla, Cesar
name: de la Vega, Leon M. G.
name: Ferro-Hernandez, R.
name: Nath, Newton
name: Peinado, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a minimal left-right symmetric flavor model and analyze the predictions for the neutrino sector. In this scenario, the Yukawa sector is shaped by the dihedral $D_4$ symmetry which leads to correlations for the neutrino mixing parameters. We end up with four possible solutions within this model. We further analyzed the impact of the upcoming long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment DUNE. Due to its high sensitivity, DUNE will be able to rule out two of the solutions. Finally, the prediction for the neutrinoless double beta decay for the model has also been examined.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Discussion expanded in section III and appendix. V2 matches with the PRD version
Do Ordinary Nuclei Contain Exotic States of Matter?
Creators: name: Arrington, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strongly repulsive core of the short-range nucleon-nucleon interaction leads to the existence of high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. Inclusive electron scattering can be used to probe these high-momentum nucleons and study the nature of the corresponding short-range correlations in nuclei. With recent data from Jefferson Lab we have begun to map out the strength of two-nucleon correlations in nuclei, while upcoming experiments should allow us to isolate the presence of multi-nucleon correlations. In addition to their importance in describing nuclear structure, these configurations of correlated nucleons represent high density 'droplets' of hadronic matter. As the density of hadronic matter increases there should be a weakening of quark confinement, similar to the onset of deconfinement expected at extremely high temperatures. While there have been hints of non-hadronic structure in nuclei, future measurements will allow us to directly probe the quark distributions of high density configurations in nuclei. A modified quark structure in these closely packed nucleons would provide a clear signature of exotic components to the structure of nuclei.
description: Proceedings for the 19th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, Breckenridge, Colorado, March 8-15, 2003, 6 pages, 4 figures
High-speed Keck II and RXTE spectroscopy of Cygnus X-2: (I) Three X-ray components revealed by correlated variability
Creators: name: O'Brien, K.
name: Horne, Keith
name: Gomer, Richard
name: Oke, J. B.
name: van der Klis, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed simultaneous X-ray and optical spectroscopic observations of the Low Mass X-ray Binary Cygnus X-2. We have used a new data system attached to the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph instrument on Keck II to obtain spectra with a mean time resolution of 72.075 milliseconds, simultaneous with pointed X-ray observations using the PCA onboard XTE. In this paper, we have analysed the variability in both wavebands on timescales of 16 seconds. During our observations Cygnus X-2 covered all three branches of the Z-curve, allowing us to study how the changes in X-ray spectral state affect the optical emission. As the optical flux rises the X-ray intensity first rises on the Horizontal Branch (0
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, corrected problem with references in previous version
Additional file 7 of Effect of age at vaccination on the measles vaccine effectiveness and immunogenicity: systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Carazo, Sara
name: Marie-Noëlle Billard
name: Boutin, Amélie
name: Serres, Gaston De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7. Figure – Seroconversion after one dose of MCV: 6 versus 9 months. This figure is a forest plot of the meta-analysis comparing seroconversion after one dose of MCV at 6 months versus 9 months of age.
Strong Gravitational Lens Inversion: A Bayesian Approach
Creators: name: Brewer, Brendon J.
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If an extended source, such as a galaxy, is gravitationally lensed by a massive object in the foreground, the lensing distorts the observed image. It is straightforward to simulate what the observed image would be for a particular lens and source combination. In practice, one observes the lensed image on the sky, but blurred by atmospheric and telescopic effects and also contaminated with noise. The question that then arises is, given this incomplete data, what combinations of lens mass distribution and source surface brightness profile could plausibly have produced this image? This is a classic example of an inverse problem, and the method for solving it is given by the framework of Bayesian inference. In this paper we demonstrate the application of Bayesian inference to the problem of gravitational lens reconstruction, and illustrate the use of Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations which can be used when the analytical calculations become too difficult. Previous methods for performing gravitational lens inversion are seen in a new light, as special cases of the general approach presented in this paper. Thus, we are able to answer, at least in principle, lingering questions about the uncertainties in the reconstructed source and lens parameters, taking into account all of the data and any prior information we may have.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Implications of CHIME repeating fast radio bursts
Creators: name: Lu, Wenbin
name: Piro, Anthony L.
name: Waxman, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CHIME has now detected 18 repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs). We explore what can be learned about the energy distribution and activity level of the repeaters by fitting realistic FRB population models to the data. For a power-law energy distribution dN/dE ~ E^{-γ} for the repeating bursts, there is a critical index γ_c that controls whether the dispersion measure (DM, a proxy for source distance) distribution of repeaters is bottom or top-heavy. We find γ_c = 7/4 for Poisson wait-time distribution of repeaters in Euclidean space and further demonstrate how it is affected by temporal clustering of repetitions and cosmological effects. It is especially interesting that two of the CHIME repeaters (FRB 181017 and 190417) have large DM ~ 1000 pc/cm^3. These can be understood if: (i) the energy distribution is shallow γ= 1.7^{+0.3}_{-0.1} (68% confidence) or (ii) a small fraction of sources are extremely active. In the second scenario, these two high-DM sources should be repeating more than 100 times more frequently than FRB 121102, and the energy index is constrained to be γ= 1.9^{+0.3}_{-0.2} (68% confidence). In either case, this γis consistent with the energy dependence of the non-repeating ASKAP sample, which suggests that they are drawn from the same population. Finally, our model predicts how the CHIME repeating fraction should decrease with redshift, and this can be compared with observations to infer the distribution of activity level in the whole population.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, MNRAS accepted after moderate revision, conclusions unchanged
A dream come true : perspectives on long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy among female sex workers living with HIV from the Dominican Republ
Creators: name: Kerrigan, Deanna
name: Karver, Tahilin Sanchez
name: Muraleetharan, Ohvia
name: Savage, Virginia
name: Kilonzo Mbwambo, Jessie Kazeni
name: Donastorg, Yeycy
name: Likindikoki, Samuel L.
name: Ángeles Jódar Pérez, Martha
name: Gomez, Hoisex
name: Mantsios, Andrea R.
name: Murray, Miranda I.
name: Beckham, S. Wilson
name: Davis, Wendy W.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LA ART) was found to be non-inferior to daily oral ART in Phase 3 clinical trials. LA ART may offer an important alternative for people living with HIV with challenges adhering to daily oral ART or preferences for non-pill-based regimens. Methods Using a mixed methods approach integrating survey, in-depth interview and biological data from female sex workers (FSW) living with HIV in Tanzania (N = 208) and the Dominican Republic (DR) (N = 201), we assessed factors associated with the potential likelihood of LA ART use if it were available. We conducted multivariate logistic regression and thematic content analysis. Results Likelihood of LA ART use was high with 84.92% of FSW from the DR and 92.27% of FSW from Tanzania reporting they would be “likely” or “very likely” to use LA ART if available (p = 0.02). In Tanzania better HIV-related patient-provider communication (AOR 4.58; 95% CI 1.90-11.05) and quality of HIV clinical care (AOR 3.68; 95% CI 1.05-12.86) were positively associated with the high likelihood of LA ART use. In the DR, easier clinic access was associated with a higher likelihood of LA ART use (AOR 3.04; 95% CI 1.41-6.56), as was greater monthly income from sex work (AOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.27-4.41). In both settings, years on ART was significantly associated with a strong likelihood of LA ART use (TZ: AOR 1.16 per year; 95% CI 1.00-1.34/DR: AOR 1.07 per year; 95% CI 1.00-1.14). Qualitative findings underscored enthusiasm for LA ART and reinforced its potential to address sex work-specific barriers to daily oral ART adherence including work-related schedules and substance use. Conclusions We found a high likelihood of LA ART use if available among FSW in two diverse settings and documented barriers to future uptake. Community-driven approaches which include tailored health education and improved patient-provider communication and quality of care, as well as strategies to facilitate appointment adherence are needed to optimize LA ART use among FSW.
A dream come true : perspectives on long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy among female sex workers living with HIV from the Dominican Republ
Creators: name: Kerrigan, Deanna
name: Karver, Tahilin Sanchez
name: Muraleetharan, Ohvia
name: Savage, Virginia
name: Kilonzo Mbwambo, Jessie Kazeni
name: Donastorg, Yeycy
name: Likindikoki, Samuel L.
name: Ángeles Jódar Pérez, Martha
name: Gomez, Hoisex
name: Mantsios, Andrea R.
name: Murray, Miranda I.
name: Beckham, S. Wilson
name: Davis, Wendy W.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Background Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LA ART) was found to be non-inferior to daily oral ART in Phase 3 clinical trials. LA ART may offer an important alternative for people living with HIV with challenges adhering to daily oral ART or preferences for non-pill-based regimens. Methods Using a mixed methods approach integrating survey, in-depth interview and biological data from female sex workers (FSW) living with HIV in Tanzania (N = 208) and the Dominican Republic (DR) (N = 201), we assessed factors associated with the potential likelihood of LA ART use if it were available. We conducted multivariate logistic regression and thematic content analysis. Results Likelihood of LA ART use was high with 84.92% of FSW from the DR and 92.27% of FSW from Tanzania reporting they would be “likely” or “very likely” to use LA ART if available (p = 0.02). In Tanzania better HIV-related patient-provider communication (AOR 4.58; 95% CI 1.90-11.05) and quality of HIV clinical care (AOR 3.68; 95% CI 1.05-12.86) were positively associated with the high likelihood of LA ART use. In the DR, easier clinic access was associated with a higher likelihood of LA ART use (AOR 3.04; 95% CI 1.41-6.56), as was greater monthly income from sex work (AOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.27-4.41). In both settings, years on ART was significantly associated with a strong likelihood of LA ART use (TZ: AOR 1.16 per year; 95% CI 1.00-1.34/DR: AOR 1.07 per year; 95% CI 1.00-1.14). Qualitative findings underscored enthusiasm for LA ART and reinforced its potential to address sex work-specific barriers to daily oral ART adherence including work-related schedules and substance use. Conclusions We found a high likelihood of LA ART use if available among FSW in two diverse settings and documented barriers to future uptake. Community-driven approaches which include tailored health education and improved patient-provider communication and quality of care, as well as strategies to facilitate appointment adherence are needed to optimize LA ART use among FSW.
Study of Inclusive J/psi Production in Two-Photon Collisions at LEP II with the DELPHI Detector
Creators: name: The DELPHI Collaboration
name: Abdallah, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inclusive J/psi production in photon-photon collisions has been observed at LEP II beam energies. A clear signal from the reaction gamma gamma -> J/psi+X is seen. The number of observed N(J/psi -> mu+mu-) events is 36 +/- 7 for an integrated luminosity of 617 pb^{-1}, yielding a cross-section of sigma(J/psi+X) = 45 +/- 9 (stat) +/- 17 (syst) pb. Based on a study of the event shapes of different types of gamma gamma processes in the PYTHIA program, we conclude that (74 +/- 22)% of the observed J/psi events are due to `resolved' photons, the dominant contribution of which is most probably due to the gluon content of the photon.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, Accepted by Phys. Lett. B
Knowledge coproduction improves understanding of environmental change in the Ethiopian highlands
Creators: name: Steger, Cara Elizabeth
name: Nigussie, Girma
name: Alonzo, Michael
name: Warkineh, Bikila
name: Van Den Hoek, Jamon
name: Fekadu, Mekbib
name: Evangelista, Paul Harrison
name: Klein, Julia A.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Knowledge coproduction that draws on local and scientific knowledge presents opportunities for more holistic understanding of environmental change. We describe our use of a multiple-evidence based approach to investigate the causes and consequences of environmental change in a community-protected grassland and its surrounding landscape in the Ethiopian highlands. We explore the interaction of biophysical change (precipitation and vegetation) and social change (political and management institutions), and discuss potential impacts for ecosystem service provisioning. We quantified current distributions of locally defined land use/cover classes using a supervised classification, with an overall accuracy of 87.1%. Local community members then described and ranked the ecosystem services associated with each land class according to their perceived importance for society. Vegetation and precipitation changes were assessed using satellite time series beginning in the early 1980s, while local narratives describe changes back to the 1970s. The knowledge coproduction process brought together ethnographic and remote sensing approaches, revealing both complementary and contradictory findings across knowledge systems. Results with high agreement across knowledge systems clarify and reinforce understanding of certain threats and changes to the area, such as the rapidly declining native forests, the disappearing belg rainy season (p = 0.01), and the impact of insecure land tenure on natural resource extraction. Compelling areas of disagreement point to topics in need of further investigation, including increased attention to the spatial and temporal variability of change across a seemingly homogeneous cultural landscape, and the process of shrub encroachment into the protected grassland.