Heringina arezoana Namin & Korneyev, 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Namin, Saeed Mohamadzade
name: Korneyev, Severyn V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tephritidae
Heringina
Heringina arezoana

description: Heringina arezoana sp. nov.
(Figs. 13–26)
Type material. Holotype ♂: Iran: Charmahal & Bakhtiari: Farsan, Chelgerd, Sheykh Alikhan waterfall, 2450m, N: 32°30', E: 50°04', 19.vii.2014 (Mohamadzade) (JAZM). Paratypes: Iran: Charmahal & Bakhtiari: same collection data as in holotype, 1♀ (SMNC); Kurdistan: Abidar Mountain, Mamatkeh, swept from Helichrysum sp., 1660m, N: 35°18.819, E: 46°57.281, 24.vi.2011, 2♀ (Najarpoor) (SMNC); same collection data, 15.vi.2014, 9♂, 7♀ (Mohamadzade, V. Korneyev, S. Korneyev); East Azerbaijan: Dizmar Protected Area, Chichakli Valley, 38º40.50' N 46º32.05' E, h= 2215 m, swept from Helichrysum sp., 26.vi.2014, 2♂, 2♀ (S. & V. Korneyev) (SIZK); West Azerbaijan: Urmia, Jamvesloo, Sir Mountain, swept from Helichrysum sp., 37º30.01' N 45º01.06' E, h= 1445 m, 20.vi.2014, 9♂, 7♀ (V. Korneyev, S. Korneyev) (JAZM, SIZK and SMNC); Turkey: Kars, 25 km W Sarikamis, 2100 m, 6.vii.1985, 1♀, (C. J. Zwakhals) (RMNH).
Diagnosis. The new species differs from H. guttata in the wing being very broad, 1.8–1.9 times as long as wide, and in other characters given in the key above.
Description. Head (Fig. 16): Yellow, silvery microtrichose, distal 2/3 of arista black; V-shaped mark on upper part of occipital foramen yellowish brown with silvery microtrichose. Flagellomere 1 yellowish brown. frons above lunule with white setulae. Setulae on anterior part of gena light brown. Postocular setae whitish-yellow mixed with brownish setulae. Length: height: width ratio = 1: 1.16: 1.5. Frons subquadrate, twice as wide as eye, which is about 1.2 times as high as long. Gena about 0.6 as length of flagellomere 1. Flagellomere 1 1.6 times as long as wide, rounded at apicodorsal angle.
Thorax (Figs. 13–14): Ground color yellowish brown; scutum, silvery microtrichose with lyrate light brown band pattern in anterior part; prescutellar dorsocentral, intra-alar and basal scutellar setae situated on large brown rounded spots. Scutellum yellow, silvery microtrichose; with quadrate blackish spat in apical part. Setae brownish yellow; posterior notopleural seta whitish yellow. Setulae white; scutellum with white marginal setulae on each side. Subscutellum and mediotergite black, silvery microtrichose. Calypteres white. Halter yellow.
Legs: Yellowish brown, fore femur with 2 rows of white posterodorsal and one row of yellowish brown posteroventral setae; legs with brown setae and setulae (Fig. 13).
Wing (Figs. 15): Cell bc hyaline, humeral crossvein dark brown. Pterostigma brown with one hyaline spot in the middle, cell r1 hyaline at very base; brown, with four apical hyaline spots beyond pterostigma that separated by three brown rays, the posterior fused with subapical spot in cell r2+3; r2+3 brown with small hyaline spot at the level of r-m crossvein, one subapical spot that fused with apical spot in r1 and two large marginal spots that the apical one penetrating into r4+5; br hyaline in basal one third; two rays starting from bm and ending in anterior margin of the wing that making two hyaline spots at basal hyaline part of the br; in apical brown part, only one small round hyaline spots at the level of apex of r1 present; cell r4+5 with small round hyaline spot near level of dm-cu, and long apical spot bordered by two narrow apical rays extending to apices of veins R4+5 and M, two anterior and posterior subapical hyaline spots in r4+5 penetrating into r2+3 and m cells respectively and ending in wing margin. Cell bm and bcu brown. Cell dm completely brown, with one small spot at the level of r-m crossvein and another near dm-cu crossvein. Cell m with three marginal hyaline spots and two hyaline dots, the most distal one extending into cell r4+5; cell cua1 brown with five small hyaline spots (three marginal) and two dots. Anal lobe brown with three marginal spots and one hyaline dot. Vein R4+5 with 1–4 setulae dorsally and with 8–18 setulae ventrally (reaching middle of cell r4+5).
Abdomen: male: tergite 1 yellow with rectangle black spot in the middle, tergite 2 brown, yellowish in lateral part; tergites 3–4 black, grayish microtrichose, tergite 5 shining black. Tergites with black setulae and in marginal part with small white setae and tergite 5 with long brownish black setae (Fig. 17). Epandrium oval (Figs. 22–23); glans moderately long and mostly membranous (Fig. 24) Ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 26.
Female: tergite 1 brownish with dark brown quadrate spot in the middle, tergite 2 yellowish with brown band. Tergites 3–5 blackish, grayish microtrichose, tergite 6 shining black. Oviscape shining black, yellow in lateral. All setae and setulae dark brown except setulae on tergite 1 (Fig. 18). Aculeus brown, 4 times as long as wide, with one pair of small preapical steps (Figs. 19–20). Eversible membrane as in Fig. 21. Spermathecae papillose, teardrop shaped (Fig. 25); round with narrowed neck.
Measurements. Female. Body length 4–4.5 mm, wing length 3.75–4.4 mm, aculeus length 1–1.25mm; Male. Body length 3.25–4.25 mm, wing length 3.25–4.5 mm.
Etymology. The new species is named in honour of Arezoo Najarpoor, who was one of the first collectors of this species.
Host plant. Unknown. The flies were swept from Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench, which is a possible host plant.
Discussion. The overlap between diversity of two species of Heringina lies in the North-Eastern Iran and Turkey, where both species live sympatrically, and sometimes in the same habitat. Its distribution in the Baltic part of Europe seems to be a result of a very late, almost certainly of postglacial, Neogene time. It is believed very rare or extinct at the edge of its historic distribution in Czech Republic and The Netherlands, and has not been recorded in Southwest Europe. Its possible host plant genus, Helichrysum Mill. 1754, with almost 600 species, occurring mostly in Africa (especially in mainland Southern Africa), Madagascar, Southern Asia and Australia, belongs in the tribe Gnaphalieae (family Asteraceae). Flower heads of the plants of that tribe are commonly infested by numerous species of another genus of the Tephritini, Actinoptera, which has it centre of diversity in Western and Southern Africa, and is less diverse in Mediterranean Europe, Southern Asia and Australia. Heringina is another genus certainly associated with Helichrysum, but its close relatives in the Afrotropical Region are not known so far. Afrotropical Multireticula perspicillata (Bezzi 1924), which is near the base of the phylogeny of the Tephritis group and known to be reared from terminal galls on Helichrysum (see Merz 1999), has a broad, round wing, radiate pattern and four hyaline spots beyond pterostigma in r1 similar to Heringina spp. Its wing pattern and shape strongly resembles that in H. arezoana sp. nov., but other characters (chaetotaxy, structure of male and female genitalia) neither support, nor contradict their close relationships. Multireticula perspicillata differs with H. arezoana in having many small hyaline spots in wing pattern, abdomen without shiny black tergites and with paired spots on tergites 3 to 5. Some undescribed species of Tephritis swept from Gnaphalieae plants are recognized in the collections by SVK. Possible relationships of Heringina with Multireticula and Tephritis need more detailed phylogenetic analysis, which is out of the scope of this study.
description: Published as part of Namin, Saeed Mohamadzade & Korneyev, Severyn V., 2015, Revision of Heringina Aczél, 1940 (Diptera: Tephritidae), with description of a new species from Iran and Turkey, pp. 111-122 in Zootaxa 3949 (1) on pages 117-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3949.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/231937