cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Enforcing local non-zero constraints in PDEs and applications to hybrid imaging problems
Creators: name: Alberti, Giovanni S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J25, 35Q61, 35R30

description: We study the boundary control of solutions of the Helmholtz and Maxwell equations to enforce local non-zero constraints. These constraints may represent the local absence of nodal or critical points, or that certain functionals depending on the solutions of the PDE do not vanish locally inside the domain. Suitable boundary conditions are classically determined by using complex geometric optics solutions. This work focuses on an alternative approach to this issue based on the use of multiple frequencies. Simple boundary conditions and a finite number of frequencies are explicitly constructed independently of the coefficients of the PDE so that the corresponding solutions satisfy the required constraints. This theory finds applications in several hybrid imaging modalities: some examples are discussed.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures
TEACHING SCIENCE USING FLIPPED LEARNING TO SUPPORT STUDENTS IN INCLUSION CLASSES AND ITS IMPACT ON ACHIEVEMENT AND SELF-EFFICACY
Creators: name: Dr. MOHAMMAD ABEDRABBU ALKHAWALDEH
name: Dr. MOHAMAD AHMAD SALEEM KHASAWNEH
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Science, Flipped Learning, Achievement, Self-Efficacy.

description: Abstract 
The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of teaching science using flipped learning to support students in inclusion classes and its impact on achievement and self-efficacy. An assessment of self-efficacy in the scientific field was created using the experimental technique with a quasi-experimental design. The sample in this study included (100) students; (50) students from Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq school in Jordan and (50) fifth-grade students from Medina in Saudi Arabia. Each school had two groups, the first was an experimental group consisting of (25) students, and the second was a control group consisting of (25) students. The study's findings indicated favorable outcomes for the experimental group in the post-achievement exam for the two samples. The results showed that the post-self-efficacy test results for the two samples showed statistically significant differences, favoring the experimental group. The results revealed no variations between the two samples from the two schools.
The thermal statistics of quasi-probabilities' analogs in phase space
Creators: name: Pennini, Flavia
name: Plastino, Angel
name: Rocca, Mario C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We focus attention upon the thermal statistics of the classical analogs of quasi-probabilities's (QP) in phase space for the important case of quadratic Hamiltonians. We consider the three more important OPs: 1) Wigner's, $P$-, and Husimi's. We show that, for all of them, the ensuing semiclassical entropy is a function {\it only} of the fluctuation product $Δx Δp$. We ascertain that {\it the semi-classical analog of the $P$-distribution} seems to become un-physical at very low temperatures. The behavior of several other information quantifiers reconfirms such an assertion in manifold ways. We also examine the behavior of the statistical complexity and of thermal quantities like the specific heat.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures.Text has changed
Correlation of Anomaly Rates in the Slovak Electric Transmission Grid with Geomagnetic Activity
Creators: name: Vybostokova, Tatiana
name: Svanda, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The induction of electric currents in electric power distribution networks is a well-known effect of Earth-directed eruptive events. Inspired by recent studies showing that the rate of power-grid anomalies may increase after exposure to strong geomagnetically induced currents in mid-latitude countries in the middle of Europe, we decided to investigate such effects for Slovak electric-power distribution grid managed by the Slovak Electricity Transmission System (SEPS). We obtained a list of disturbances recorded in the maintenance logs by the SEPS company technicians with their dates and other details. Working with unadjusted data we found unexpectedly strong seasonal variations of failure rates. We show that this is a consequence of the strong dependence on meteorological conditions. In particular, mean temperature showed the strongest correlation with anomaly rate, while precipitation amount was just a little weaker in terms of the correlation. After the suppression of the meteorological dependence in the failure-rate series, we obtained a new temperature-independent dataset. Using this clean dataset we found an increase in failure rates in the periods of maxima of geomagnetic activity compared to the adjacent minima of activity.
description: 16 pages, accepted for publication in Advances in Space Research
Balanced permutations Even-Mansour ciphers
Creators: name: Gilboa, Shoni
name: Gueron, Shay
name: Nandi, Mridul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The $r$-rounds Even-Mansour block cipher is a generalization of the well known Even-Mansour block cipher to $r$ iterations. Attacks on this construction were described by Nikolić et al. and Dinur et al., for $r = 2, 3$. These attacks are only marginally better than brute force, but are based on an interesting observation (due to Nikolić et al.): for a "typical" permutation $P$, the distribution of $P(x) \oplus x$ is not uniform. This naturally raises the following question. Call permutations for which the distribution of $P(x) \oplus x$ is uniform "balanced." Is there a sufficiently large family of balanced permutations, and what is the security of the resulting Even-Mansour block cipher? We show how to generate families of balanced permutations from the Luby-Rackoff construction, and use them to define a $2n$-bit block cipher from the $2$-rounds Even-Mansour scheme. We prove that this cipher is indistinguishable from a random permutation of $\{0, 1\}^{2n}$, for any adversary who has oracle access to the public permutations and to an encryption/decryption oracle, as long as the number of queries is $o (2^{n/2})$. As a practical example, we discuss the properties and the performance of a $256$-bit block cipher that is based on our construction, and uses AES as the public permutation.
Zonal jets experiments in the gas giants' zonostrophic regime
Creators: name: Lemasquerier, Daphné
name: Favier, Benjamin
name: Bars, Michael Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intense east-west winds called zonal jets are observed in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn and extend in their deep interior. We present experimental results from a fully three-dimensional laboratory analog of deep gas giants zonal jets. We use a rapidly rotating deep cylindrical tank, filled with water, and forced by a small-scale hydraulic circulation at the bottom. A topographic $β$-effect is naturally present because of the curvature of the free surface. Instantaneous turbulent zonal jets spontaneously emerge from the small-scale forcing, equilibrate at large scale, and can contain up to 70% of the total kinetic energy of the flow once in a quasi-steady state. We show that the spectral properties of the experimental flows are consistent with the theoretical predictions in the zonostrophic turbulence regime, argued to be relevant to gas giants. This constitutes the first fully-experimental validation of the zonostrophic theory in a completely three-dimensional framework. Complementary, quasi-geostrophic (QG) simulations show that this result is not sensitive to the forcing scale. Next, we quantify the potential vorticity (PV) mixing. While PV staircasing should emerge in the asymptotic regime of the gas giants, only a moderate PV mixing occurs because of the strong forcing and dissipation, as confirmed by QG simulations at smaller Ekman number. We quantify the local PV mixing by measuring the equivalent of a Thorpe scale, and confirm that it can be used to estimate the upscale energy transfer rate of the flow, which otherwise needs to be estimated from a much more demanding spectral analysis.
description: 40 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables
The Effect of Visual Noise on The Completion of Security Critical Tasks
Creators: name: Kaczmarek, Tyler
name: Kobsa, Alfed
name: Sy, Robert
name: Tsudik, Gene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: User errors while performing security-critical tasks can lead to undesirable or even disastrous consequences. One major factor influencing mistakes and failures is complexity of such tasks, which has been studied extensively in prior research. Another important issue which hardly received any attention is the impact of both accidental and intended distractions on users performing security-critical tasks. In particular, it is unclear whether, and to what extent, unexpected sensory cues (e.g., auditory or visual) can influence user behavior and/or trigger mistakes. Better understanding of the effects of intended distractions will help clarify their role in adversarial models. As part of the research effort described in this paper, we administered a range of naturally occurring -- yet unexpected -- sounds while study participants attempted to perform a security-critical task. We found that, although these auditory cues lowered participants' failure rates, they had no discernible effect on their task completion times. To this end, we overview some relevant literature that explains these somewhat counter-intuitive findings. Conducting a thorough and meaningful study on user errors requires a large number of participants, since errors are typically infrequent and should not be instigated more than once per subject. To reduce the effort of running numerous subjects, we developed a novel experimental setup that was fully automated and unattended. We discuss our experience with this setup and highlight the pros and cons of generalizing its usage.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
FINANCIAL PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT OF SME IN TELANGANA
Creators: name: RAMESH VANKADOTH
name: Dr. V. SITHARATHASANKAR
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: SME-Cash Management-Credit Management-Financial Practices.

description: Abstract
According to the MSME Ministry's annual report for 2021-22, India is home to an amazing 63.388 million MSMEs. The MSME industry, which employs 40% of India'sworkforce (110.98 M), and contributes 45% of output and 40% of exports, is one of the key elements boostingGDP growth in India. To find out the association between financial management practices and the financial management performance of SME entrepreneurs inTelangana present research used financial management measurement is a dependent variable and financialmanagement practice is independent variableto measure the financial management practice researcher used credit management, Cash management and working capital management. The present study used the online questionnaire collecting data from selected districts of telangana and sample size is 437. The present researchprovides valuable insight of performance measurement of SME. The current finding and suggestion will be usefulto entrepreneur and policy maker.
Jupiter and Saturn as Spectral Analogs for Extrasolar Gas Giants and Brown Dwarfs
Creators: name: Coulter, Daniel J.
name: Barnes, Jason W.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of direct imaging spectroscopy, the number of spectra from brown dwarfs and extrasolar gas giants is growing rapidly. Many brown dwarfs and extrasolar gas giants exhibit spectroscopic and photometric variability, which is likely the result of weather patterns. However, for the foreseeable future, point-source observations will be the only viable method to extract brown dwarf and exoplanet spectra. Models have been able to reproduce the observed variability, but ground truth observations are required to verify their results. To that end, we provide visual and near-infrared spectra of Jupiter and Saturn obtained from the \emph{Cassini} VIMS instrument. We disk-integrate the VIMS spectral cubes to simulate the spectra of Jupiter and Saturn as if they were directly imaged exoplanets or brown dwarfs. We present six empirical disk-integrated spectra for both Jupiter and Saturn with phase coverage of $1.7^\circ$ to $133.5^\circ$ and $39.6^\circ$ to $110.2^\circ$, respectively. To understand the constituents of these disk-integrated spectra, we also provide end member (single feature) spectra for permutations of illumination and cloud density, as well as for Saturn's rings. In tandem, these disk-integrated and end member spectra provide the ground truth needed to analyze point source spectra from extrasolar gas giants and brown dwarfs. Lastly, we discuss the impact that icy rings, such as Saturn's, have on disk-integrated spectra and consider the feasibility of inferring the presence of rings from direct imaging spectra.
Probing particle acceleration at trans-relativistic shocks with off-axis gamma-ray burst afterglows
Creators: name: Takahashi, Kazuya
name: Ioka, Kunihito
name: Ohira, Yutaka
name: van Eerten, Hendrik J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle acceleration is expected to be different between relativistic and non-relativistic collisionless shocks. We show that electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational waves (GWs), gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows, are ideal targets for observing trans-relativistic evolution of accelerated electron distribution because the GWs spot nearby GRBs with off-axis jets, otherwise missed in gamma-ray observations. We find that the relativistic spectral slope begins to change steeply near the peak time of the light curve and approaches the non-relativistic limit in about 10 times the peak time. The trans-relativistic evolution of the afterglow synchrotron spectrum is consistent with GRB 170817A observations within errors, and will be measurable in similar but more distant events at a GW horizon $\sim 200$ Mpc in a denser environment. We roughly estimate that such events represent a fraction of 10-50 per cent of the GRB 170817A-like off-axis short GRBs. We also find that the spectral evolution does not depend on the jet structure if their light curves are similar to each other.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Supersymmetric $U(N)$ Chern-Simons-matter theory and phase transitions
Creators: name: Russo, Jorge G.
name: Silva, Guillermo A.
name: Tierz, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study ${\mathcal{N}}=2$ supersymmetric $U(N)$ Chern-Simons with $N_{f}$ fundamental and $N_{f}$ antifundamental chiral multiplets of mass $m$ in the complete parameter space spanned by $(g,\,m,\,N,\,N_{f})$, where $g$ denotes the coupling constant. In particular, we analyze the matrix model description of its partition function, both at finite $N$ using the method of orthogonal polynomials together with Mordell integrals and, at large $N$ with fixed $g$, using the theory of Toeplitz determinants. We show for the massless case that there is an explicit realization of the Giveon-Kutasov duality. For finite $N$, with $N>N_{f}$, three regimes that exactly correspond to the known three large $N$ phases of theory are identified and characterized.
description: 28 pages, v3: Minor modification to match published version
Stochastic model showing a transition to self-controlled particle-deposition state induced by optical near-fields
Creators: name: Takahashi, Kan
name: Katori, Makoto
name: Naruse, Makoto
name: Ohtsu, Motoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a stochastic model for the self-controlled particle-deposition process induced by optical near-fields. This process was experimentally realized by Yukutake et al. on an electrode of a novel photovoltaic device as Ag deposition under light illumination, in which the wavelength of incident light is longer than the long-wavelength cutoff of the materials composing the device. Naruse et al. introduced a stochastic cellular automaton model to simulate underlying nonequilibrium processes which are necessary to formulate unique granular Ag film in this deposition process. In the present paper, we generalize their model and clarify the essential role of optical near-fields generated on the electrode surface. We introduce a parameter $b$ indicating the incident light power per site and a function representing the resonance effect of optical near-fields depending on the Ag-cluster size on the surface. Numerical simulation shows a transition from a trivial particle-deposition state to a nontrivial self-controlled particle-deposition state at a critical value $b_{\rm c}$, and only in the latter state optical near-fields are effectively generated. The properties of transition in this mesoscopic surface model in nonequilibrium are studied by the analogy of equilibrium phase transitions associated with critical phenomena, and the criteria of transition are reported.
description: v3: REVTeX4, 16 pages, 9 figures, final version for publication
Light absorption by weakly rough metal surfaces
Creators: name: Gevorkian, Zhyrair S.
name: Petrosyan, Ludvig S.
name: Shahbazyan, Tigran V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study light absorption by weakly rough metal surfaces with the roughness amplitude and correlation length smaller than the skin depth in metal. We develop a systematic perturbative approach for calculation of the absorptance in such systems and find that roughness-related absorptance variations are determined by an interplay between several system parameters which can result, in particular, in a greater absorption for smaller roughness amplitudes. We show that, for small-scale roughness, the absorptance variations are mainly caused by roughness-induced increase in effective volume of the surface layer, in which the incident light is predominantly absorbed. We argue that such absorptance fluctuations between different samples, even though not related to any electron scattering processes, can appear as sample-to-sample variations of the Drude scattering rate reported in recent measurements of the metal dielectric function.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Questionário de Avaliação dos Curso de capacitação técnica in loco
Creators: name: Diniz, Adriana Valéria Santos
name: Pereira, Maria Aparecida Nunes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: CECAMPE Nordeste
Questionário
Avaliação

description: Este relatório apresenta resultados referentes ao questionário como forma de monitoramento e de avaliação do subproduto “Capacitações técnicas in loco”. O objetivo dessa ação foi mensurar a percepção dos cursistas sobre os cursos de capacitação técnica in loco e possibilitar o monitoramento e avaliação das atividades realizadas. Ao final de cada capacitação, os gestores responderam ao questionário, constituindo um banco de informações sobre o perfil dos cursistas e os ganhos de aprendizagem. Uma análise global revela que as capacitações presenciais avaliadas apresentaram resultados positivos, indicando níveis de concordância elevados para a contribuição da formação ofertada em relação aos itens avaliados.
Phase-resolved spectroscopic analysis of the eclipsing black hole X-ray binary M33 X-7: System properties, accretion, and evolution
Creators: name: Ramachandran, V.
name: Oskinova, L. M.
name: Hamann, W. -R.
name: Sander, A. A. C.
name: Todt, H.
name: Pauli, D.
name: Shenar, T.
name: Torrejón, J. M.
name: Postnov, K. A.
name: Blondin, J. M.
name: Bozzo, E.
name: Hainich, R.
name: Massa, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: M33 X-7 is the only known eclipsing black hole high mass X-ray binary. The system is reported to contain a very massive O supergiant donor and a massive black hole in a short orbit. The high X-ray luminosity and its location in the metal-poor galaxy M33 make it a unique laboratory for studying the winds of metal-poor donor stars with black hole companions and it helps us to understand the potential progenitors of black hole mergers. Using phase-resolved simultaneous HST- and XMM-Newton-observations, we traced the interaction of the stellar wind with the black hole. Our comprehensive spectroscopic investigation of the donor star (X-ray+UV+optical) yields new stellar and wind parameters for the system that differs significantly from previous estimates. In particular, the masses of the components are considerably reduced to 38 for the O-star donor and 11.4 for the black hole. The O giant is overfilling its Roche lobe and shows surface He enrichment. The donor shows a densely clumped wind with a mass-loss rate that matches theoretical predictions. We investigated the wind-driving contributions from different ions and the changes in the ionization structure due to X-ray illumination. Toward the black hole, the wind is strongly quenched due to strong X-ray illumination. For this system, the standard wind-fed accretion scenario alone cannot explain the observed X-ray luminosity, pointing toward an additional mass overflow, which is in line with our acceleration calculations. The X-ray photoionization creates an He II emission region emitting $10^{47}$ ph/s. We computed binary evolutionary tracks for the system using MESA. Currently, the system is transitioning toward an unstable mass transfer phase, resulting in a common envelope of the black hole and donor. Since the mass ratio is q~3.3 and the period is short, the system is unlikely to survive the common envelope, but will rather merge.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Questionário de Avaliação
Creators: name: Diniz, Adriana Valéria Santos
name: Pereira, Maria Aparecida Nunes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: CECAMPE Nordeste
Questionário
Avaliação

description: Este relatório apresenta resultados referentes ao questionário como forma de monitoramento e de avaliação do subproduto “Capacitações técnicas in loco”. O objetivo dessa ação foi mensurar a percepção dos cursistas sobre os cursos de capacitação técnica in loco e possibilitar o monitoramento e avaliação das atividades realizadas. Ao final de cada capacitação, os gestores responderam ao questionário, constituindo um banco de informações sobre o perfil dos cursistas e os ganhos de aprendizagem. Uma análise global revela que as capacitações presenciais avaliadas apresentaram resultados positivos, indicando níveis de concordância elevados para a contribuição da formação ofertada em relação aos itens avaliados.
WATER QUALITY IN ONE HEALTH: Managing Chemical Threats through Prevention, Prioritization and Removal
Creators: name: Arp, Hans Peter H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Due to their benefits to modern society and daily life, the number and quantity of chemicals have continued to increase over the past few decades. During their life cycle, these chemicals can reach the environment, including water systems that are sources of drinking water production and/or for bathing, recreational purposes. The resulting pollution with so-called contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) is an important health issue, since their fate and behaviour in the environment as well as their potentially harmful effects on humans, animals and the environment remain not fully understood. Some CECs give rise to important health issues, such as, an increasing quantity of persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) and very persistent, very mobile (vPvM) substances, including PFAS that are present in drinking water due to inefficient removal with existing water treatments. 
This presentation shows presents first data related to the increasingly expensive and dangerous problem of increasing PMT/vPvM substances in drinking water supplies, and frames solutions towards zero pollution through prevention, prioritization and removal.
Low-Mass dark matter (in)direct detection with inelastic scattering
Creators: name: Bell, Nicole F.
name: Dent, James B.
name: Dutta, Bhaskar
name: Kumar, Jason
name: Newstead, Jayden L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the detection of luminous dark matter in direct detection experiments. In this scenario, dark matter scatters endothermically to produce an excited state, which decays to produce a photon. We explore ways in which the electron recoil signal from the decay photon can be differentiated from other potential electron recoil signals with a narrow spectral shape. We find that larger volume/exposure xenon detectors will be unable to differentiate the signal origin without significant improvements in detector energy resolution of around an order of magnitude. We also explore what can be learned about a generic luminous dark matter signal with a higher resolution detector. Motivated by the advancements in energy resolution by solid-state detectors, we find that sub-eV resolution enables the discovery of LDM in the presence of background levels that would otherwise make observation impossible. We also find that sub-eV resolution can be used to determine the shape of the luminous dark matter decay spectrum and thus constrain the dark matter mass and velocity distribution.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures (appendix added with more detail)
3D numerical modelling of machining
Creators: name: Ramadan, Mohammed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 91004 Machining
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: This work focuses on the numerical modelling of machining using a three dimensional (3D) approach. Numerical modelling based on finite element method has been widely used for decades in simulation of machining processes. Although most works in the literature have been focused on two dimensional approaches the simulation of real conditions in industrial operations requires 3D formulation in order to reproduce the complex geometry of the tool. In this work 3D modelling is applied to the simulation of finishing turning of Inconel 718, a strategic low machinability Ni alloy commonly used in high responsibility applications. Main objective is analyzing thermo-mechanical variables, difficult to measure during cutting process those are related with the onset and progression of tool wear.
Cabotegravir Extended-Release Injectable Suspension: A Review in HIV-1 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
Creators: name: Blair, Hannah A.
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine

description: Declarations Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding. Authorship and Conflict of interest Hannah Blair is a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, and declares no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article content.
 Ethics approval, Consent to participate, Consent to publish, Availability of data and material, Code availability Not applicable.
 Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here.
 Abstract Cabotegravir extended-release (ER) injectable suspension (Apretude™) is the first long-acting injectable option to be approved for HIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). As an HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor, cabotegravir ER injectable suspension prevents DNA integration and inhibits HIV-1 replication. Its slow absorption and long elimination half-life permit infrequent dosing (1 month apart for two consecutive months, and every 2 months thereafter). Cabotegravir ER injectable suspension is indicated in the USA for PrEP to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection in at-risk adults and adolescents weighing ≥ 35 kg who have a negative HIV-1 test prior to initiation. In clinical trials, cabotegravir ER injectable suspension had superior efficacy to oral daily emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) in preventing acquisition of HIV-1 in at-risk transgender women (TGW), cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM), and cisgender women. The drug was generally well tolerated, although further long-term data are needed to fully determine its safety. With its convenient, less-frequent dosing schedule and its long-acting formulation enabling intramuscular administration, cabotegravir ER injectable suspension represents a novel and efficacious alternative to daily oral PrEP.
 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022
Violations of Bell inequalities from random pure states
Creators: name: Atkin, Max R.
name: Zohren, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the expected violations of Bell inequalities from random pure states. More precisely, we focus on a slightly generalised version of the CGLMP inequality, which concerns Bell experiments of two parties, two measurement options and N outcomes and analyse their expected quantum violations from random pure states for varying N, assuming the conjectured optimal measurement operators. It is seen that for small N the Bell inequality is not violated on average, while for larger N it is. Both ensembles of unstructured as well as structured random pure states are considered. Using techniques from random matrix theory this is obtained analytically for small and large N and numerically for intermediate N. The results show a beautiful interplay of different aspects of random matrix theory, ranging from the Marchenko-Pastur distribution and fixed-trace ensembles to the O(n) model.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, v2: new results included on structured ensembles, previous results unchanged, expanded introductory chapter and restructuring through appendices
Linking epidemiologically distinct genotypes to phenotypes of Salmonella Kentucky
Creators: name: Soltys, Rachel Christine
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Bacterial metabolism
Poultry
Salmonella
Virulence
Animal diseases
Epidemiology
Food Safety

description: Salmonella Kentucky is an emerging foodborne pathogen comprised of two major genetic lineages, sequence types (ST)198 and ST152. S. Kentucky ST152 is prevalent in US poultry and sporadically associated with human disease while ST198 is prevalent in poultry outside of the US and commonly associated with human disease worldwide. It is unknown why ST198 is associated with an increased incidence of human disease. Here, we hypothesized that ST198 and ST152 are epidemiologically and genetically distinct and display differential metabolism and virulence. We performed genetic characterization of S. Kentucky isolated from human patients in Washington State, compared these with S. Kentucky isolated from poultry and other food animal sources, and attributed them to unique epidemiological sources. We then identified lineage-specific genetic differences that clearly distinguish these two lineages. Using representative isolates from each of the two major genetic lineages, we identified unique metabolic phenotypes that clearly distinguish these two lineages as metabolically distinct. The results of this study show that ST198 and ST152 lineages of S. Kentucky have metabolically diverged. When compared with ST152, ST198 is significantly more efficient in its ability to utilize a constellation of carbon compounds as sole energy sources for survival and growth, including 1,2-propanediol and m-inositol. The metabolic fitness of ST198 likely contributes to the nutritional virulence potential of ST198, leading to its global emergence. The metabolic phenotypes identified in this study may serve as a tool for studying the evolutionary trajectories of ST198 and ST152 and the differential virulence of these two lineages. These data may also aid in epidemiologic source tracing the ST198 and ST152 lineages, and potentially serve as targets for the development of therapeutics and prophylactics.
The ALMA REBELS Survey: The Dust-obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at Redshift 7
Creators: name: Algera, Hiddo
name: Inami, Hanae
name: Oesch, Pascal
name: Sommovigo, Laura
name: Bouwens, Rychard
name: Topping, Michael
name: Schouws, Sander
name: Stefanon, Mauro
name: Stark, Daniel
name: Aravena, Manuel
name: Barrufet, Laia
name: da Cunha, Elisabete
name: Dayal, Pratika
name: Endsley, Ryan
name: Ferrara, Andrea
name: Fudamoto, Yoshinobu
name: Gonzalez, Valentino
name: Graziani, Luca
name: Hodge, Jacqueline
name: Hygate, Alexander
name: de Looze, Ilse
name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
name: Schneider, Rafaella
name: van der Werf, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic dust is an essential component shaping both the evolution of galaxies and their observational signatures. How quickly dust builds up in the early Universe remains an open question that requires deep observations at (sub-)millimeter wavelengths to resolve. Here we use Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of 45 galaxies from the Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS) and its pilot programs, designed to target [CII] and dust emission in UV-selected galaxies at $z\sim7$, to investigate the dust content of high-redshift galaxies through a stacking analysis. We find that the typical fraction of obscured star formation $f_\mathrm{obs} = \mathrm{SFR}_\mathrm{IR} / \mathrm{SFR}_\mathrm{UV + IR}$ depends on stellar mass, similar to what is observed at lower redshift, and ranges from $f_\mathrm{obs} \approx 0.3 - 0.6$ for galaxies with $\log_{10}\left(M_\star / M_\odot\right) = 9.4 - 10.4$. We further adopt the $z\sim7$ stellar mass function from the literature to extract the obscured cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) from the REBELS survey. Our results suggest only a modest decrease in the SFRD between $3\lesssim z \lesssim 7$, with dust-obscured star formation still contributing $\sim30\%$ at $z\sim7$. While we extensively discuss potential caveats, our analysis highlights the continued importance of dust-obscured star formation even well into the epoch of reionization.
description: MNRAS Accepted (01 Nov 2022)
Reactions to the Admissions Scandal
Creators: name: Hinkson, Leslie
name: Hagerman, Margaret
name: Beaman, Jean
name: Cohen, Joseph Nathan
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corruption
subject: Higher Education
subject: Crime
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Podcasting

description: The Annex discusses whether the academy should react to the college admissions scandal by changing.
Effects of switching behavior for the attraction on pedestrian dynamics
Creators: name: Kwak, Jaeyoung
name: Jo, Hang-Hyun
name: Luttinen, Tapio
name: Kosonen, Iisakki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Walking is a fundamental activity of our daily life not only for moving to other places but also for interacting with surrounding environment. While walking on the streets, pedestrians can be aware of attractions like shopping windows. They can be influenced by the attractions and some of them might shift their attention towards the attractions, namely switching behavior. As a first step to incorporate the switching behavior, this study investigates collective effects of switching behavior for an attraction by developing a behavioral model. Numerical simulations exhibit different patterns of pedestrian behavior depending on the strength of the social influence and the average length of stay. When the social influence is strong along with a long length of stay, a saturated phase can be defined at which all the pedestrians have visited the attraction. If the social influence is not strong enough, an unsaturated phase appears where one can observe that some pedestrians head for the attraction while others walk in their desired direction. These collective patterns of pedestrian behavior are summarized in a phase diagram by comparing the number of pedestrians who visited the attraction to the number of passersby near the attraction. Measuring the marginal benefits with respect to the strength of the social influence and the average length of stay enables us to identify under what conditions enhancing these variables would be more effective. The findings from this study can be understood in the context of the pedestrian facility management, for instance, for retail stores.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
On the existence of a connected component of a graph
Creators: name: Gura, Kirill
name: Hirst, Jeffry L.
name: Mummert, Carl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03B30 (Primary), 03D30, 03F35, 03D45 (Secondary)

description: We study the reverse mathematics and computability of countable graph theory, obtaining the following results. The principle that every countable graph has a connected component is equivalent to $\mathsf{ACA}_0$ over $\mathsf{RCA}_0$. The problem of decomposing a countable graph into connected components is strongly Weihrauch equivalent to the problem of finding a single component, and each is equivalent to its infinite parallelization. For graphs with finitely many connected components, the existence of a connected component is either provable in $\mathsf{RCA}_0$ or is equivalent to induction for $Σ^0_2$ formulas, depending on the formulation of the bound on the number of components.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures. Versions 2 and 3 include additional results related to Weihrauch reducibility
Raman and Far Infrared Synchrotron Nanospectroscopy of Layered Crystalline Talc: Vibrational Properties, Interlayer Coupling and Symmetry Crossover
Creators: name: Longuinhos, Raphael
name: Cadore, Alisson R.
name: Bechtel, Hans A.
name: de Matos, Christiano J. S.
name: Freitas, Raul O.
name: Ribeiro-Soares, Jenaina
name: Barcelos, Ingrid D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Talc is an insulating layered material that is stable at ambient conditions and has high-quality basal cleavage, which is a major advantage for its use in van der Waals heterostructures. Here, we use near-field synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations to investigate the structural and vibrational properties of talc crystals, ranging from monolayer to bulk, in the 300-750 cm-1 and <60 cm-1 spectral windows. We observe a symmetry crossover from mono to bilayer talc samples, attributed to the stacking of adjacent layers. The in-plane lattice parameters and frequencies of intralayer modes of talc display weak dependence with the number of layers, consistent with a weak interlayer interaction. On the other hand, the low-frequency (<60 cm-1) rigid-layer (interlayer) modes of talc are suitable to identify the number of layers in ultrathin talc samples, besides revealing strong in-plane and out-of-plane anisotropy in the interlayer force constants and related elastic stiffnesses of single crystals. The shear and breathing force constants of talc are found to be 66% and 28%, respectively, lower than those of graphite, making talc an excellent lubricant that can be easily exfoliated. Our results broaden the understanding of the structural and vibrational properties of talc at the nanoscale regime and serve as a guide for future ultrathin heterostructures applications.
Seminário Gestão de dados científicos: preservação digital e repositório institucional [apresentações]
Creators: name: Márdero Arellano, Miguel Ángel
name: Nunes, Fátima L. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: gestão de dados científicos
repositórios de dados científicos
repositórios institucionais
política de gestão de dados
preservação digital
research data repositories
policy institutional repositories
institutional repositories
digital preservation
RDM
research data management

description: Este é o conteúdo apresentado no seminário Gestão de dados científicos: preservação digital e repositório institucional, organizado pelo Serviço Técnico de Biblioteca e Comissão de Pesquisa da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAUUSP), realizado em 3 de novembro de 2020. Descrição do evento: Evento da série Gestão de dados científicos que visa ser uma chamada para promover mais debates e ampliar as práticas da gestão de dados científicos, com especial enfoque para o trabalho conjunto entre bibliotecários e pesquisadores. As palestras apresentam os conceitos de política de gestão de dados científicos, planejamento e gestão de repositórios de dados, preservação digital, boas práticas e o relato de experiência na construção do repositório de dados científicos da Universidade de São Paulo.
Matrix functions that preserve the strong Perron-Frobenius property
Creators: name: Paparella, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A16, 15B48, 15A21

description: In this note, we characterize matrix functions that preserve the strong Perron-Frobenius property using the real Jordan canonical form of a real matrix.
description: To appear in The Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra
A Planetary Boundary threat: Trifluoracetic acid (TFA) from F-gases
Creators: name: Arp, Hans Peter H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Planetary Boundaries
PFAS

description: This presentation presents the case that TFA produced from F-gases are a planetary boundary threat, as they exhibit (1) rapidly icreasing exposure in aquatic, vegetative and animal media; (2)Exposure is poorly reversible, even mores so than for long-chain PFAS: (3)Thresholds exist, but unknown thresholds lower than currently established may also exist.
This was presented as part of the special session of the  35th Meeting of the Parties to the United Nations Montreal Protocol in Nairobi, Kenya, called "PFAS, F-gasses and persistence: a closer look"
title: Was This Helpful? Yes Or No: Design Explorations Of Ethics And Agency In Social Media
Creators: name: Singh, Aman
Publisher: name: Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social media
valueUri: http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2006007023
subject: Data privacy
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2021005721
subject: Data protection
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85035859
subject: Behavior modification
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85012897
subject: Ethics
valueUri: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85045096

description: This thesis project focuses on exploring the ways in which designers can facilitate agency and ethical understanding in social media users. My research began with the investigation of how consent forms for online platforms are designed, the rules that govern them, and the amount of user information collected through these forms. At the same time, I investigated the definition of true informed consent on these platforms. I conducted various data visualization experiments, using both simple and complex data, to learn the ways in which information design can make data understandable. Using quantitative methods and design action research, I expanded my investigations to interrogate concepts of data exhaust, inferences, and behavioral modification, with the aim to empower users to understand and control the use of their personal data. Throughout these investigations and research projects, I understood that information design can be a useful tool to uncover ethical, political, and corporate structures which affect the privacy and agency of social media users. Uncovering these structures also assist future designers in understanding their own contributions to these spaces.
Morpho-kinematics of MACS J0416.1-2403 low mass galaxies
Creators: name: Ciocan, B. I.
name: Ziegler, B. L.
name: Böhm, A.
name: Verdugo, M.
name: Maier, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use optical spectroscopy from VLT/MUSE, as well as photometric observations from HST and VLT/HAWK-I, to study the morpho-kinematics of 17 low mass MACS J0416.1-2403 cluster galaxies at R200 and 5 field galaxies with a redshift of z~0.4. By measuring fluxes of emission lines, we have recovered the star formation rates, gas-phase metallicities and the spatially resolved gas kinematics. We have analysed the structure and morphology of the galaxies from the photometric data, performing a multi-component decomposition into a bulge and a disk. The spatially resolved gas velocity fields were modelled using a 3D approach, which allowed us to retrieve their intrinsic gas kinematics, including the maximum rotation velocity and velocity dispersion. The cluster and field population can be classified as star forming main-sequence galaxies, with only a sub-sample of 4 quenched systems. The lowest mass systems deviate from the predictions of the fundamental metallicity relation, showing higher metallicities, whereas the higher mass ones are in accordance with the model predictions. This might hint at the cut-off of pristine gas inflow and/or the removal of the hot halo gas as the mechanisms driving these offsets. Our morpho-kinematic analysis reveals a sub-sample of dwarfs with maximum velocities vmax <50 km/s, which depart from the Tully-Fisher relation. This might indicate that their interstellar medium is affected by ram pressure stripping. However, ~30% of the cluster galaxies have rotation-dominated gas disks and follow the Tully-Fisher relation. In the stellar mass-S0.5 plane, the systems follow a tight sequence, with only a sub-population of 5 galaxies strongly departing from this relation. Both the morphology and kinematics of the outlier galaxies hint at a combination of pre-processing and cluster-specific interactions affecting their stellar and gas disks.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A on 22.08.2022; Abstract abridged for arXiv; 27 pages, 34 figures