cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electric field exfoliation and high-T$_{\text{C}}$ superconductivity in field-effect hole-doped hydrogenated diamond (111)
Creators: name: Romanin, Davide
name: Sohier, Thibault
name: Daghero, Dario
name: Mauri, Francesco
name: Gonnelli, Renato S.
name: Calandra, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possible occurrence of field-effect induced superconductivity in the hydrogenated $(111)$ diamond surface by first-principles calculations. By computing the band alignment between bulk diamond and the hydrogenated surface we show that the electric field exfoliates the sample, separating the electronic states at the valence band top from the bulk projected ones. At the hole doping values considered here, ranging from $n=2.84\times10^{13}$cm$^{-2}$ to $n=6\times 10^{14} $ cm$^{-2}$, the valence band top is composed of up to three electronic bands hosting holes with different effective masses. These bands resemble those of the undoped surface, but they are heavily modified by the electric field and differ substantially from a rigid doping picture. We calculate superconducting properties by including the effects of charging of the slab and of the electric field on the structural properties, electronic structure, phonon dispersion and electron-phonon coupling. We find that at doping as large as $n=6\times 10^{14} $ cm$^{-2}$, the electron-phonon interaction is $λ=0.81$ and superconductivity emerges with $T_{\text{C}}\approx 29-36$K. Superconductivity is mostly supported by in-plane diamond phonon vibrations and to a lesser extent by some out-of-plane vibrations. The relevant electron-phonon scattering processes involve both intra and interband scattering so that superconductivity is multiband in nature.
Susceptibility to cellular stress in PS1 mutant N2a cells is associated with mitochondrial defects and altered calcium homeostasis
Creators: name: Rojas-Charry, Liliana
name: Calero-Martinez, Sergio
name: Morganti, Claudia
name: Morciano, Giampaolo
name: Park, Kyungeun
name: Hagel, Christian
name: Marciniak, Stefan J.
name: Glatzel, Markus
name: Pinton, Paolo
name: Sepulveda-Falla, Diego
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/631/378/1689/1283
/631/378/1831
/14/28
/14/1
/14/19
/82/29
/42/109
article

description: Funder: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (German Academic Exchange Service); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001655
description: Funder: amburg Behörde für Wissenschaft und Forschung - Landesforschungsförderung ‘Molekulare Mechanismen der Netzwerkmodifizierung’
description: Funder: Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca Ministero della Salute
description: Funder: Hamburg Behörde für Wissenschaft und Forschung - Landesforschungsförderung ‘Molekulare Mechanismen der Netzwerkmodifizierung’
description: Abstract: Presenilin 1 (PS1) mutations are the most common cause of familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). PS1 also plays a role in cellular processes such as calcium homeostasis and autophagy. We hypothesized that mutant presenilins increase cellular vulnerability to stress. We stably expressed human PS1, mutant PS1E280A and mutant PS1Δ9 in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells. We examined early signs of stress in different conditions: endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, calcium overload, oxidative stress, and Aβ 1–42 oligomers toxicity. Additionally, we induced autophagy via serum starvation. PS1 mutations did not have an effect in ER stress but PS1E280A mutation affected autophagy. PS1 overexpression influenced calcium homeostasis and generated mitochondrial calcium overload modifying mitochondrial function. However, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) was affected in PS1 mutants, being accelerated in PS1E280A and inhibited in PS1Δ9 cells. Altered autophagy in PS1E280A cells was neither modified by inhibition of γ-secretase, nor by ER calcium retention. MPTP opening was directly regulated by γ-secretase inhibitors independent on organelle calcium modulation, suggesting a novel direct role for PS1 and γ-secretase in mitochondrial stress. We identified intrinsic cellular vulnerability to stress in PS1 mutants associated simultaneously with both, autophagic and mitochondrial function, independent of Aβ pathology.
Research on the Estimation Model of Soil Moisture Content Based on the Characteristics of Thermal Infrared Data
Creators: name: Xu, Jun
name: Jiang, Jianjun
name: Xu, Jun
name: Jiang, Jianjun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Thermal infrared remote sensing
subject: Emissivity
subject: Soil moisture content
subject: Moisture Diagnostic Index (MDI)

description: With the portable Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the reflectance spectra of soil samples with different moisture content are measured in laboratory for expounding the characteristic of radiation in the thermal infrared part of the spectrum with different soil moisture content. A model of estimating the moisture content in soil is attempted to make based on Moisture Diagnostic Index (MDI). In general，the spectral characteristic of soil emissivity in laboratory includes the following aspects．Firstly，in the region of 8.0-9.5 μm，along with the increase of soil moisture content，the emissivity of soil increases to varying degrees. The spectral curves are parallel relatively and have a tendency to become horizontal and the absorbed characteristic of reststrahlen is also weakened relatively with the increase of soil moisture in this region．Secondly，in the region of 11.0-14.0 μm，the emissivity of soil has a tendency of increasing．There is an absorption value near about 12.7 μm. As the soil moisture content increases，the depth of absorption also increases. This phenomenon may be caused by soil moisture absorption. Methods as derivative, difference and standardized ratio transformation may weaken the background noise effectively to the spectrum data. Especially using the ratio of the emissivity to the average of 8-14 μm may obviously enhance the correlation between soil moisture and soil emissivity． According to the result of correlation analysis, the 8.237 μm is regarded as the best detecting band for soil moisture content． Moreover，based on the Moisture Diagnostic Index ( MDI) in the 8.194-8.279 μm, the logarithmic model of estimating soil moisture is made．
Solving inverse-PDE problems with physics-aware neural networks
Creators: name: Pakravan, Samira
name: Mistani, Pouria A.
name: Aragon-Calvo, Miguel Angel
name: Gibou, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel composite framework to find unknown fields in the context of inverse problems for partial differential equations (PDEs). We blend the high expressibility of deep neural networks as universal function estimators with the accuracy and reliability of existing numerical algorithms for partial differential equations as custom layers in semantic autoencoders. Our design brings together techniques of computational mathematics, machine learning and pattern recognition under one umbrella to incorporate domain-specific knowledge and physical constraints to discover the underlying hidden fields. The network is explicitly aware of the governing physics through a hard-coded PDE solver layer in contrast to most existing methods that incorporate the governing equations in the loss function or rely on trainable convolutional layers to discover proper discretizations from data. This subsequently focuses the computational load to only the discovery of the hidden fields and therefore is more data efficient. We call this architecture Blended inverse-PDE networks (hereby dubbed BiPDE networks) and demonstrate its applicability for recovering the variable diffusion coefficient in Poisson problems in one and two spatial dimensions, as well as the diffusion coefficient in the time-dependent and nonlinear Burgers' equation in one dimension. We also show that this approach is robust to noise.
description: 39 pages, 17 figures
Barriers to the implementation of POE practices in the Saudi Arabian building industry
Creators: name: Hassanain, Mohammad A.
name: Alamoudi, Abdullah
name: Abdul-Mohsen Al-Hammad
name: Abdullatif Abdallah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: This study aims to identify and assess the major barriers to post-occupancy evaluation (POE) implementation in the Saudi Arabian building industry. A literature review was conducted to identify 27 barriers to POE implementation in the building industry. A questionnaire survey was completed by a targeted sample of 150 building industry professionals, including 30 representatives of each influential discipline, namely architectural/engineers (A/Es), construction engineers (CEs), real estate developers (REDs), facilities managers (FMs) and owners. The findings indicated a low level of awareness of POE among these professionals, especially owners. The five most significant barriers according to the five parties were ‘lack of /inadequate resources for the POE (financial, time and man-power)’, ‘POE is not an integrated element of the standard facility delivery process’, ‘lack of knowledge on POE procedures and processes’, ‘there is no legal provision for POE in the building industry’, and ‘management's preference to increase income at the expense of conducting POE’. This research represents the first study to conduct a thorough survey of the key barriers to POE implementation in Saudi Arabia. The findings highlighted the significance of the economic barriers in the implementation of POE practices. The study also demonstrated the lack of awareness about the practice of POE among the owners of building projects. Finally, recommendations for overcoming the barriers to POE implementation in the building industry were provided.
Tunneling Without Bounce
Creators: name: Espinosa, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The false vacua of some potentials do not decay via Euclidean bounces. This typically happens for tunneling actions with a flat direction (in field configuration space) that is lifted by a perturbation into a sloping valley, pushing the bounce off to infinity. Using three different approaches we find a consistent picture for such decays. In the Euclidean approach the bottom of the action valley consists of a family of pseudo-bounces (field configurations with some key good properties of bounces except extremizing the action). The pseudo-bounce result is validated by minimizing a WKB action in Minkowski space along appropriate paths in configuration space. Finally, the simplest approach uses the tunneling action method proposed recently with a simple modification of boundary conditions.
description: 28 pages
A high-content RNAi screen reveals multiple roles for long noncoding RNAs in cell division
Creators: name: Stojic, Lovorka
name: Lun, Aaron T. L.
name: Mascalchi, Patrice
name: Ernst, Christina
name: Redmond, Aisling M.
name: Mangei, Jasmin
name: Barr, Alexis R.
name: Bousgouni, Vicky
name: Bakal, Chris
name: Marioni, John C.
name: Odom, Duncan T.
name: Gergely, Fanni
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/631/1647/2163
/631/208/200
/631/337/641/1655
/631/337/384/2568
/14
/14/32
/14/63
/38
/38/89
/38/91
/49
/13
article

description: Abstract: Genome stability relies on proper coordination of mitosis and cytokinesis, where dynamic microtubules capture and faithfully segregate chromosomes into daughter cells. With a high-content RNAi imaging screen targeting more than 2,000 human lncRNAs, we identify numerous lncRNAs involved in key steps of cell division such as chromosome segregation, mitotic duration and cytokinesis. Here, we provide evidence that the chromatin-associated lncRNA, linc00899, leads to robust mitotic delay upon its depletion in multiple cell types. We perform transcriptome analysis of linc00899-depleted cells and identify the neuronal microtubule-binding protein, TPPP/p25, as a target of linc00899. We further show that linc00899 binds TPPP/p25 and suppresses its transcription. In cells depleted of linc00899, upregulation of TPPP/p25 alters microtubule dynamics and delays mitosis. Overall, our comprehensive screen uncovers several lncRNAs involved in genome stability and reveals a lncRNA that controls microtubule behaviour with functional implications beyond cell division.
Study on Change Rules and Influencing Factors of Soil Moisture in Huaibei Plain
Creators: name: KONG Lingjian
name: WANG Zhenlong
name: WANG Bing
name: WANG Lei
name: KONG Lingjian
name: WANG Zhenlong
name: WANG Bing
name: WANG Lei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Soil water, Precipitation, Huaibei Plain, Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes

description: [Objectives] To study the relationship between soil water, groundwater burial depth, and precipitation for summer maize in Huaibei Plain. [Methods] The atmospheric precipitation, soil water and groundwater for the growth period of summer maize in Huaibei Plain were analyzed using the 26-year long series of data from the Wudaogou Hydrological Experimental Station, combined with the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope tracing method. [Results] The average soil moisture content of summer maize in different growth periods showed a trend of first decreasing, then increasing and then decreasing with the increase of soil depth.The average soil moisture content was the lowest at the surface soil layer.From the characteristic values of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of atmospheric precipitation, soil water and groundwater, it can be known that the average values of δ18O and δD of soil water decreased with the increase of soil depth, indicating that soil moisture evaporation leads to the enrichment of soil heavy isotopes, and the degree of enrichment decreased from the surface layer to the deep layer of the soil. The seasonal variation of the stable isotope of hydrogen and oxygen in soil water declined with the increase of soil depth. The soil water changes at 30 cm and 50 cm soil depths were the most obvious. The soil was easily recharged by precipitation, and soil evaporation was relatively strong. [Conclusions] The research results are favorable for in-depth understanding of the regional water cycle process, and are expected to provide a certain scientific basis for realizing the efficient and sustainable use of regional groundwater.
Selenaspidus articulatus  1889
Creators: name: Novoa, Nereida Mestre
name: Hamon, Avas
name: Evans, Greg
name: Kondo, Takumasa
name: Oliver, Herrera
name: Hernández, Arturo
name: Alonso, Ana Abraham
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Diaspididae
Selenaspidus
Selenaspidus articulatus

description: Selenaspidus articulatus (Morgan), 1889.
 Material examinado. Cuba: Mirador del Salto de Soroa, 22.iii.2000, col. N. Mestre, Syzygium jambos, 1 (F) adulta (CZAC); Lomas de Soroa, camino a los Hoyos, 23.iii.2000, col. N. Mestre y J. Bocourt, S. jambos, 1 (F) adulta (CZAC); Pan de Guajaibón, ladera norte, 12.iv.2000, col. N. Mestre, M. Olcha y E. Fonseca, Chrysophyllum oliviforme, 2 (F) adultas (CZAC); Viñales, 20.ii.1969, Col. R. Alayo, Calophyllum calaba, 1 (F) adulta (CZAC).
 Notas. Selenaspidus articulatus es una especie polífaga y con distribución cosmopolita (Kondo 2001; Granara de Willink y Claps 2003, Miller et al. 2005, Ben-Dov 2009c), de origen afrotropical (Miller et al. 2005). En Cuba se ha referido en 132 plantas hospedantes, que incluyen todas las especies de Citrus, frutales y ornamentales; es común en el cafeto (Houser 1918, Ballou 1926, Bruner et al. 1975, Mendoza y Gómez 1983, Mestre 1999). Se incluyó en la lista de insectos de interés económico presentes en ecosistemas naturales de la Sierra de los Órganos (Mestre et al. 2006c). Se mencionó para especies de plantas ornamentales en São Paulo, Brasil (Peronti et al. 2001) y como plaga de cítricos en Brasil (Claps y Wolff 2003).
description: Published as part of Novoa, Nereida Mestre, Hamon, Avas, Evans, Greg, Kondo, Takumasa, Oliver, Herrera, Hernández, Arturo & Alonso, Ana Abraham, 2011, Los cocoideos (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) presentes en la Cordillera de Guaniguanico, Pinar del Río, Cuba, y la relación con sus hospedantes, pp. 1-25 in Insecta Mundi 2011 (183) on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161102
Wake-Promoting and EEG Spectral Effects of Modafinil After Acute or Chronic Administration in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease
Creators: name: Vas, Szilvia
name: Casey, Jackie M.
name: Schneider, Will T.
name: Kalmar, Lajos
name: Morton, A. Jennifer
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Original Article
Gamma oscillation
theta
delta
EEG power
rapid eye movement sleep
cognitive enhancer

description: Funder: CHDI Foundation; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005725
description: Abstract: Huntington’s disease (HD) is characterised by progressive symptoms including cognitive deficits and sleep/wake disturbances reflected in an abnormal electroencephalography (EEG). Modafinil, a wake-promoting and cognitive-enhancing drug, has been considered as a treatment for HD. We used HD (R6/2) mice to investigate the potential for using modafinil to treat sleep-wake disturbance in HD. R6/2 mice show sleep-wake and EEG changes similar to those seen in HD patients, with increased rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), decreased wakefulness/increased non-REMS (NREMS), and pathological changes in EEG spectra, particularly an increase in gamma power. We recorded EEG from R6/2 and wild-type mice treated with modafinil acutely (with single doses between 25 and 100 mg/kg; at 12 and 16 weeks of age), or chronically (64 mg/kg modafinil/day from 6 to 15 weeks). Acutely, modafinil increased wakefulness in R6/2 mice and restored NREMS to wild-type levels at 12 weeks. It also suppressed the pathologically increased REMS. This was accompanied by decreased delta power, increased peak frequency of theta, and increased gamma power. At 16 weeks, acute modafinil also restored wakefulness and NREMS to wild-type levels. However, whilst REMS decreased, it did not return to normal levels. By contrast, in the chronic treatment group, modafinil-induced wakefulness was maintained at 15 weeks (after 9 weeks of treatment). Interestingly, chronic modafinil also caused widespread suppression of power across the EEG spectra, including a reduction in gamma that increases pathologically in R6/2 mice. The complex EEG effects of modafinil in R6/2 mice should provide a baseline for further studies to investigate the translatability of these result to clinical practice.
Scattering Theory of Noise: Current and Charge Fluctuations in an ideal Conductor
Creators: name: Lesovik, G. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the most complete scattering theory for noise in noninteracting case. The exact formula for spectral density of current fluctuations at finite frequency is presented in terms of scattering matrix for a coherent quantum conductor. We show that the shot noise at finite frequency in an ideally conducting contact is finite and the spectral density of the noise has a singularity at the "Josephson" frequency $ω=eV/\hbar $, set by the voltage. We also discuss fluctuations of charge in an ideal conductor.
description: 12 pages
First-principles calculations of charge carrier mobility and conductivity in bulk semiconductors and two-dimensional materials
Creators: name: Poncé, Samuel
name: Li, Wenbin
name: Reichardt, Sven
name: Giustino, Feliciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the fundamental properties of semiconductors is their ability to support highly tunable electric currents in the presence of electric fields or carrier concentration gradients. These properties are described by transport coefficients such as electron and hole mobilities. Recently, advances in electronic structure methods for real materials have made it possible to study these properties with predictive accuracy and without resorting to empirical parameters. Here, we review the most recent developments in the area of ab initio calculations of carrier mobilities of semiconductors. In the first part, we offer a brief historical overview of approaches to the calculation of carrier mobilities, and we establish the conceptual framework underlying modern ab initio approaches. We summarize the Boltzmann theory of carrier transport and we discuss its scope of applicability, merits, and limitations in the broader context of many-body Green's function approaches. We discuss recent implementations of the Boltzmann formalism within the context of density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory calculations, placing an emphasis on the key computational challenges and suggested solutions. In the second part, we discuss recent investigations of classic materials such as silicon, diamond, GaAs, GaN, Ga2O3, and lead halide perovskites as well as low-dimensional semiconductors such as graphene, silicene, phosphorene, MoS2, and InSe. We also review recent efforts toward high-throughput calculations of carrier transport. In the last part, we discuss the extension of the methodology to study spintronics and topological materials and we comment on the possibility of incorporating Berry-phase effects and many-body correlations beyond the standard Boltzmann formalism.
description: 50 pages and 19 figures
Xanthophthalma concinnum Cockerell y Parrott 1899
Creators: name: Novoa, Nereida Mestre
name: Hamon, Avas
name: Evans, Greg
name: Kondo, Takumasa
name: Oliver, Herrera
name: Hernández, Arturo
name: Alonso, Ana Abraham
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Diaspididae
Xanthophthalma
Xanthophthalma concinnum

description: Xanthophthalma concinnum Cockerell y Parrott, 1899.
 Material examinado. Cuba: Taco Taco, Sierra Rangel, 1.iv.1922, col. S. C. Bruner, C.H. Ballou y J. Acuña, hospedante desconocido, material seco, (F) adultas (C. H. Ballou) (CZAC).
 Notas. Xanthophthalma concinnum se registró para la región Neártica en México y para la Neotropical en Panamá, y Trinidad y Tobago, sobre tres especies de Arecaceae (Ben-Dov 2009b) puede considerarse monófaga. No se tiene referencia de su origen. Está referida para Cuba sobre Cocos nucifera (Houser 1918, Ballou 1926, Alayo 1976). Esta especie no está citada para Cuba en ScaleNet (Ben-Dov et al. 2009).
description: Published as part of Novoa, Nereida Mestre, Hamon, Avas, Evans, Greg, Kondo, Takumasa, Oliver, Herrera, Hernández, Arturo & Alonso, Ana Abraham, 2011, Los cocoideos (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) presentes en la Cordillera de Guaniguanico, Pinar del Río, Cuba, y la relación con sus hospedantes, pp. 1-25 in Insecta Mundi 2011 (183) on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161102
Reduction of nitrate to nitrite in water by acid-washed zero-valent zinc
Creators: name: Chiu, Yi-Ting
name: Chu-Hong Lin
name: Jechan Lee
name: Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This study examines capability of zero-valent zinc (ZVZ), prepared from acid-washing zinc powder, for reducing nitrate to nitrite under various conditions. While higher dosages of ZVZ and elevated temperatures enhance nitrate reduction, effect of pH is validated as the most important factor to nitrate reduction as the nitrate reduction efficiency and kinetics are significantly enhanced under acidic conditions. However, nitrate reduction by ZVZ is inhibited under alkaline conditions. ZVZ also remains effective for nitrate reduction in the presence of other anions. The findings gained in this study are critical to design and operate nitrate reduction using zero-valent metals.
Detection and amplification of spin noise using scattered laser light in a quantum-dot microcavity
Creators: name: Kamenskii, A. N.
name: Petrov, M. Yu.
name: Kozlov, G. G.
name: Zapasskii, V. S.
name: Scholz, S. E.
name: Sgroi, C.
name: Ludwig, A.
name: Wieck, A. D.
name: Bayer, M.
name: Greilich, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fundamental properties of the spin-noise signal formation in a quantum-dot microcavity are studied by measuring the angular characteristics of the scattered light intensity. A distributed Bragg reflector microcavity was used to enhance the light-matter interaction with an ensemble of n-doped (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots, which allowed us to study subtle effects of the noise signal formation. Detecting the scattered light outside of the aperture of the transmitted light, we measured the basic electron spin properties, like g-factor and spin dephasing time. Further, we investigated the influence of the microcavity on the scattering distribution and possibilities of signal amplification by additional resonant excitation.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Senescence of song revealed by a long-term study of the Seychelles warbler ( Acrocephalus sechellensis )
Creators: name: Berg, Mathew L.
name: Beebe, Sarah C.
name: Komdeur, Jan
name: Cardilini, Adam P. A.
name: Ribot, Raoul F. H.
name: Bennett, Andrew T. D.
name: Buchanan, Katherine L.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/631/158/856
/631/181/2470
article

description: Abstract: Senescence is widespread in nature, often resulting in diminishing survival or reproduction with age, but its role in age-dependent variation in sexual traits is often poorly understood. One reason is that few studies of sexual traits consider non-linear relationships with age, or only consider a narrow range of years relative to the life span of the species. Birdsong has evolved to allow assessment of conspecific quality in numerous bird species. Whilst theory and empirical work suggests that song may become more elaborate with age, there are a paucity of long-term studies testing whether song is associated with age or longevity. In particular, the occurrence of song senescence has rarely been demonstrated. Using an exceptional long-term dataset for the Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis), we analysed relationships between male song, age, survival, and longevity. This species is a long-lived songbird with early life increases, followed by senescent declines, in survival and reproduction. The study population (Cousin Island, Seychelles) is a closed population, with no depredation of adults, providing an excellent opportunity to study senescence in free-living animals. We tested whether song traits were related to age at recording, future survival, longevity, and territory quality. We found age-dependent changes in five song traits (duration, maximum frequency, peak frequency of songs, and duration and frequency bandwidth of trills). Relationships with age were quadratic, indicating reversal in the expression of song coinciding with the onset of senescence in reproduction and survival in this species. One song trait (trill bandwidth) had a quadratic relationship with future survival, but no song traits were related to longevity, suggesting age-related patterns were not the result of selective disappearance. Our study provides one of the first examples of functional senescence in song, offering new insights into avian senescence. Late-life declines in avian song, and possibly other sexual traits, may be more common than currently known, and may play a fundamental role in age-dependent changes in reproductive success.
Divining the Shape of Nascent Polymer Crystal Nuclei
Creators: name: Hall, Kyle Wm.
name: Sirk, Timothy W.
name: Percec, Simona
name: Klein, Michael L.
name: Shinoda, Wataru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that nascent polymer crystals (i.e., nuclei) are anisotropic entities, with neither spherical nor cylindrical geometry, in contrast to previous assumptions. In fact, cylindrical, spherical, and other high symmetry geometries are thermodynamically unfavorable. Moreover, post-critical transitions are necessary to achieve the lamellae that ultimately arise during the crystallization of semicrystalline polymers. We also highlight how inaccurate treatments of polymer nucleation can lead to substantial errors (e.g., orders of magnitude discrepancies in predicted nucleation rates). These insights are based on quantitative analysis of over four million crystal clusters from the crystallization of prototypical entangled polyethylene melts. New comprehensive bottom-up models are needed to capture polymer nucleation.
description: 19 pages long with 5 figures
Bioprinting on sheet-based scaffolds applied to the creation of implantable tissue-engineered constructs with potentially diverse clinical applications: Tissue-Engineered Muscle Repair (TEMR) as a representative testbed
Creators: name: R. K. Bour
name: P. R. Sharma
name: J. S. Turner
name: W. E. Hess
name: E. L. Mintz
name: C. R. Latvis
name: B. R. Shepherd
name: S. C. Presnell
name: M. J. McConnell
name: C. Highley
name: S. M. Peirce
name: G. J. Christ
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Purpose: This report explores the overlooked potential of bioprinting to automate biomanufacturing of simple tissue structures, such as the uniform deposition of (mono)layers of progenitor cells on sheetlike decellularized extracellular matrices (dECM). In this scenario, dECM serves as a biodegradable celldelivery matrix to provide enhanced regenerative microenvironments for tissue repair. The Tissue-Engineered Muscle Repair (TEMR) technology—where muscle progenitor cells are seeded onto a porcine bladder acellular matrix (BAM), serves as a representative testbed for bioprinting applications. Previous work demonstrated that TEMR implantation improved functional outcomes following VML injury in biologically relevant rodent models.Materials and Methods: In the described bioprinting system, a cell-laden hydrogel bioink is used to deposit high cell densities (1.4 × 105-3.5 × 105 cells/cm2), onto both sides of the bladder acellular matrix as proof-of-concept.Results: These bioprinting methods achieve a reproducible and homogeneous distribution of cells, on both sides of the BAM scaffold, after just 24hrs, with cell viability as high as 98%. These preliminary results suggest bioprinting allows for improved dual-sided cell coverage compared to manual-seeding.Conclusions: Bioprinting can enable automated fabrication of TEMR constructs with high fidelity and scalability, while reducing biomanufacturing costs and timelines. Such bioprinting applications are underappreciated, yet critical, to expand the overall biomanufacturing paradigm for tissue engineered medical products. In addition, biofabrication of sheet-like implantable constructs, with cells deposited on both sides, is a process that is both scaffold and cell-type agnostic, and furthermore, is amenable to many geometries, and thus, additional tissue engineering applications beyond skeletal muscle.
A unified nomenclature for vertebrate olfactory receptors
Creators: name: Olender, Tsviya
name: Jones, Tamsin E. M.
name: Bruford, Elspeth
name: Lancet, Doron
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Methodology Article
Genome evolution and evolutionary systems biology
Olfaction
Nomenclature
Olfactory receptors
Orthologs
Paralogs
Evolution

description: Abstract: Background: Olfactory receptors (ORs) are G protein-coupled receptors with a crucial role in odor detection. A typical mammalian genome harbors ~ 1000 OR genes and pseudogenes; however, different gene duplication/deletion events have occurred in each species, resulting in complex orthology relationships. While the human OR nomenclature is widely accepted and based on phylogenetic classification into 18 families and further into subfamilies, for other mammals different and multiple nomenclature systems are currently in use, thus concealing important evolutionary and functional insights. Results: Here, we describe the Mutual Maximum Similarity (MMS) algorithm, a systematic classifier for assigning a human-centric nomenclature to any OR gene based on inter-species hierarchical pairwise similarities. MMS was applied to the OR repertoires of seven mammals and zebrafish. Altogether, we assigned symbols to 10,249 ORs. This nomenclature is supported by both phylogenetic and synteny analyses. The availability of a unified nomenclature provides a framework for diverse studies, where textual symbol comparison allows immediate identification of potential ortholog groups as well as species-specific expansions/deletions; for example, Or52e5 and Or52e5b represent a rat-specific duplication of OR52E5. Another example is the complete absence of OR subfamily OR6Z among primate OR symbols. In other mammals, OR6Z members are located in one genomic cluster, suggesting a large deletion in the great ape lineage. An additional 14 mammalian OR subfamilies are missing from the primate genomes. While in chimpanzee 87% of the symbols were identical to human symbols, this number decreased to ~ 50% in dog and cow and to ~ 30% in rodents, reflecting the adaptive changes of the OR gene superfamily across diverse ecological niches. Application of the proposed nomenclature to zebrafish revealed similarity to mammalian ORs that could not be detected from the current zebrafish olfactory receptor gene nomenclature. Conclusions: We have consolidated a unified standard nomenclature system for the vertebrate OR superfamily. The new nomenclature system will be applied to cow, horse, dog and chimpanzee by the Vertebrate Gene Nomenclature Committee and its implementation is currently under consideration by other relevant species-specific nomenclature committees.
Capulinia sallei Signoret 1875
Creators: name: Novoa, Nereida Mestre
name: Hamon, Avas
name: Evans, Greg
name: Kondo, Takumasa
name: Oliver, Herrera
name: Hernández, Arturo
name: Alonso, Ana Abraham
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Eriococcidae
Capulinia
Capulinia sallei

description: Capulinia sallei Signoret, 1875.
 Material examinado. Cuba: Taco Taco, Sierra Rangel, 2.iv.1922, col. S. C. Bruner, C.H. Ballou y J. Acuña, Muntingia calabura, material seco, (F) adultas (C.H. Ballou) (CZAC).
 Notas. Capulinia sallei fue descrita para Tabasco, México (Miller y Gimpel 2009b). En el Neotrópico está referida para Cuba sobre Muntingia calabura (Elaeocarpaceae) y Eugenia axillaris (Myrtaceae) (Houser 1918, Ballou 1926, Bruner et al. 1975, Miller y Gimpel 2009b), puede considerarse una especie oligófaga; no se encontraron referencias de su origen.
description: Published as part of Novoa, Nereida Mestre, Hamon, Avas, Evans, Greg, Kondo, Takumasa, Oliver, Herrera, Hernández, Arturo & Alonso, Ana Abraham, 2011, Los cocoideos (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) presentes en la Cordillera de Guaniguanico, Pinar del Río, Cuba, y la relación con sus hospedantes, pp. 1-25 in Insecta Mundi 2011 (183) on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161102
Direct measurement of spatial Wigner function with area-integrated detection
Creators: name: Mukamel, Eran
name: Banaszek, Konrad
name: Walmsley, Ian A.
name: Dorrer, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate experimentally a novel technique for characterizing transverse spatial coherence using the Wigner distribution function. The presented method is based on measuring interference between a pair of rotated and displaced replicas of the input beam with an area-integrating detector, and it can be superior in regimes when array detectors are not available. We analyze the quantum optical picture of the presented measurement for single-photon signals and discuss possible applications in quantum information processing.
description: 3 pages, REVTeX
Zero-Resource Cross-Lingual Named Entity Recognition
Creators: name: Bari, M Saiful
name: Joty, Shafiq
name: Jwalapuram, Prathyusha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, neural methods have achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) results in Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks for many languages without the need for manually crafted features. However, these models still require manually annotated training data, which is not available for many languages. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised cross-lingual NER model that can transfer NER knowledge from one language to another in a completely unsupervised way without relying on any bilingual dictionary or parallel data. Our model achieves this through word-level adversarial learning and augmented fine-tuning with parameter sharing and feature augmentation. Experiments on five different languages demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, outperforming existing models by a good margin and setting a new SOTA for each language pair.
Variable stars towards the bulge of M31: the AGAPE catalogue
Creators: name: Ansari, R.
name: Auriere, M.
name: Baillon, P.
name: Bouquet, A.
name: Coupinot, G.
name: Coutures, Ch.
name: Ghesquiere, C.
name: Giraud-Heraud, Y.
name: Gillieron, D.
name: Gondolo, P.
name: Hecquet, J.
name: Kaplan, J.
name: Kim, A.
name: Du, Y. Le
name: Melchior, A. L.
name: Moniez, M.
name: Picat, J. P.
name: Soucail, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the AGAPE astrometric and photometric catalogue of 1579 variable stars in a 14'x10' field centred on M31. This work is the first survey devoted to variable stars in the bulge of M31. The R magnitudes of the objects and the B-R colours suggest that our sample is dominated by red long-period variable stars (LPV), with a possible overlap with Cepheid-like type II stars. Twelve nova candidates are identified. Correlations with other catalogues suggest that 2 novae could be recurrent novae and provide possible optical counterparts for 2 supersoft X-ray sources candidates observed with Chandra.
description: 11 pages, Latex, accepted for publication in A&A
The c-map on groups
Creators: name: Macia, Oscar
name: Swann, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C26 (53C30, 53C55)

description: We study the projective special Kaehler condition on groups, providing an intrinsic definition of homogeneous projective special Kaehler that includes the previously known examples. We give intrinsic defining equations that may be used without resorting to computations in the special cone, and emphasise certain associated integrability equations. The definition is shown to have the property that the image of such structures under the c-map is necessarily a left-invariant quaternionic Kaehler structure on a Lie group.
description: 17 pages
Host selection of Dolichogenidea tasmanica: implications for conservation biological control of light brown apple moth
Creators: name: H.T. Bui
name: M. Yazdani
name: M.A. Keller
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: An understanding of host selection by parasitoids can help in evaluating alternative host candidates to make conservation biological control of a target pest more reliable. This study investigated the host selection behaviour of Dolichogenidae tasmanica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in response to two related tortricid host species (Lepidoptera). The light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana is the biological control target in Australian vineyards, while Merophyas divulsana was selected to evaluate its potential as an alternative host. We quantified the effects of host species, ages and experiences on the landing preferences of the parasitoid in dual choice tests. The effects of these host species on developmental time, sex ratio and body size of adult parasitoids were also examined. During all observations, D. tasmanica exhibited no statistically significant preferences in response to these hosts. Host species did not affect the body size of the wasp, but did influence its developmental time, possibly due to a trade-off between body size and developmental time of the wasp, which took longer in the smaller host, M. divulsana. The sex ratio was similar within host instars and between host species. These results suggest that M. divulsana should be a promising alternative host to support the local parasitoid population in vineyards as part of a conservation biological control programme that targets E. postvittana.
The Car as Presence and Perception: Automobility and Welfare Landscapes
Creators: name: Charitonidou, Marianna
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2020
Subjects: Automobilty
Welfare Landscapes
history and theory of architecture
history and theory of unban design

description: There is no actor that influenced welfare landscape as much as the automobile. The car affected not only the urban form but also its perception. At the level of the urban form, new figures emerged such as the parking lot and the parking garage. Concerning the experience of welfare landscapes, the car introduced a new rhythm, speed and regime of perception. This paper looks explicitly at how the car, as a physical and perceptual presence, has influenced the design of welfare landscapes. Looking at examples of the UK, France and Italy the paper will explore how architects and urban designers started taking the car into full consideration when designing new neighbourhoods and cities. The paper will end with a reflection upon how the spaces for, and perceptions from the car can be considered as urban heritage – especially in an era in which automobilty is questioned.
description: ACHS 2020: Furtures. Book of Abstract
Full Hydrodynamic Simulation of GaAs MESFETs
Creators: name: Aste, Andreas
name: Vahldieck, Ruediger
name: Rohner, Marcel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A finite difference upwind discretization scheme in two dimensions is presented in detail for the transient simulation of the highly coupled non-linear partial differential equations of the full hydrodynamic model, providing thereby a practical engineering tool for improved charge carrier transport simulations at high electric fields and frequencies. The discretization scheme preserves the conservation and transportive properties of the equations. The hydrodynamic model is able to describe inertia effects which play an increasing role in different fields of micro- and optoelectronics, where simplified charge transport models like the drift-diffusion model and the energy balance model are no longer applicable. Results of extensive numerical simulations are shown for a two-dimensional MESFET device. A comparison of the hydrodynamic model to the commonly used energy balance model is given and the accuracy of the results is discussed.
description: 18 pages, LATEX
Long-distance distribution of atom-photon entanglement at telecom wavelength
Creators: name: van Leent, Tim
name: Bock, Matthias
name: Garthoff, Robert
name: Redeker, Kai
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Bauer, Tobias
name: Rosenfeld, Wenjamin
name: Becher, Christoph
name: Weinfurter, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement between stationary quantum memories and photonic channels is the essential resource for future quantum networks. Together with entanglement distillation it will enable for efficient distribution of quantum states. Here we report on the generation and observation of entanglement between a Rb-87 atom and a photon at telecom wavelength over 20 km optical fiber. For this purpose, we use polarization-preserving quantum frequency conversion to transform the wavelength of a photon entangled with the atomic spin state from 780 nm to the telecom S-band at 1522 nm. We achieve an unprecedented external device conversion efficiency of 57% and observe an entanglement fidelity between the atom and telecom photon of $\geqslant$78.5$\pm$0.9% over 20 km optical fiber, mainly limited by decoherence of the atomic state. This result is an important milestone on the road to distribute quantum information on a large scale.
Energy poverty in Spain: an income approach analysis
Creators: name: Costa-Campi, Maria T.
name: Jové-Llopis, Elisenda
name: Trujillo-Baute, Elisa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: This paper highlights the importance of approaching the energy poverty problem considering the income perspective. This approach is based on the economic analysis of the relationship between energy poverty, energy consumption and elements linked to household income. Robust conclusions are presented from the empirical analysis of statistical data to quantify and diagnose the problem of energy poverty in Spain, using econometric tools. Likewise, the relative importance of household income in the energy poverty problem is evaluated. The results reinforce the idea that energy poverty should be addressed, preferably, through the general social protection system, and that mechanisms to protect vulnerable consumers should be developed within the framework of the general welfare system. Conclusions emphasize the need for a profound deliberation on how to address energy poverty with cross-cutting public policies that, in addition to the elements directly linked to energy policy, act on the main determinants of energy poverty, fundamentally linked, directly or indirectly, to the income of households.