cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Standard Mutation Nomenclature in Molecular Diagnostics
Creators: name: den Dunnen, Johan T.
name: Wilson, Robert B.
name: Ogino, Shuji
name: Gulley, Margaret L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: To translate basic research findings into clinical practice, it is essential that information about mutations and variations in the human genome are communicated easily and unequivocally. Unfortunately, there has been much confusion regarding the description of genetic sequence variants. This is largely because research articles that first report novel sequence variants do not often use standard nomenclature, and the final genomic sequence is compiled over many separate entries. In this article, we discuss issues crucial to clear communication, using examples of genes that are commonly assayed in clinical laboratories. Although molecular diagnostics is a dynamic field, this should not inhibit the need for and movement toward consensus nomenclature for accurate reporting among laboratories. Our aim is to alert laboratory scientists and other health care professionals to the important issues and provide a foundation for further discussions that will ultimately lead to solutions.
Additional file 4: of The score of integrated disease surveillance and response adequacy (SIA): a pragmatic score for comparing weekly reported diseases based on a systematic review
Creators: name: Bien-Aimé Mandja
name: Bompangue, Didier
name: Handschumacher, Pascal
name: Gonzalez, Jean-Paul
name: Salem, Gérard
name: Jean-Jacques Muyembe
name: Mauny, Frédéric
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Appendix 3. Illustration of coding of each SIA item of cholera. Appendix 3 shows the assignment of code values of each item and the calculation the score for cholera.(DOCX 20 kb)
Potassium phases and isotopic composition in modern marine biogenic carbonates
Creators: name: Liu, X.-M.
name: Fodrie, F.J.
name: Li, W.
name: Hu, Y.-F.
name: Wang, K.
name: Yoshimura, T.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2021

description: To investigate isotope fractionation between biogenic carbonates and modern seawater, we measured K concentration, phase, and isotopic composition in calcified skeletons from a variety of calcifying species. Samples included deep-sea corals, hermatypic corals, bivalves, gastropods, brachiopods, and planktonic foraminifera recovered globally over the past ten years in habitats with temperatures varying from 2 to 29 °C. The δ41K values of the calcified organisms vary significantly, ranging from −0.72 ± 0.11 to 0.94 ± 0.04‰. Deep-sea corals exhibit the largest isotopic variability and the lowest δ41K, ranging from −0.72 ± 0.11 to 0.28 ± 0.09‰. Hermatypic corals display a moderate δ41K, ranging from −0.20 ± 0.07 to 0.37 ± 0.10‰. Bivalves display widely variable δ41K values from 0.04 ± 0.05 to 0.94 ± 0.04‰, including the highest δ41K observed. Gastropods exhibit δ41K values between −0.42 ± 0.06 and −0.12 ± 0.06‰, while brachiopods have δ41K values from −0.30 ± 0.05 to 0.24 ± 0.06‰. Limited foraminifera samples (n = 2) reveal δ41K values of 0.15 ± 0.06 to 0.21 ± 0.06‰. Synchrotron-based atomic analyses show that K in biogenic carbonates is dominantly hosted in amorphous K2CO3, calcite-like and aragonite-like K phases, and intracrystalline organic matrices of varying proportions. The K isotopic composition of marine biogenic carbonates is not strongly temperature-dependent, in general, but correlates with skeletal K phases. This phase-control may indicate a first-order biological control on skeletal K incorporation, partitioning, and associated K isotope fractionation. This appears to reflect a substantial “vital effect”; i.e., physiological modification of the environmental information recorded in calcifying organisms. Substantial variations in δ41K call for additional scrutiny before using marine biogenic carbonates to interpret ancient seawater δ41K composition as physiological modulation substantially complicates the interpretation of marine carbonate δ41K records through time. Future studies should include species-specific calibration with complementary synchrotron data to refine K isotope applications for paleoceanography.
Laboratory Assays for Epstein-Barr Virus-Related Disease
Creators: name: Gulley, Margaret L.
name: Tang, Weihua
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects various cell types in a wide spectrum of benign and malignant diseases. Laboratory tests for EBV have improved and are increasingly used in diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and prevention of diseases ranging from infectious mononucleosis to selected subtypes of lymphoma, sarcoma, and carcinoma. Indeed, the presence of EBV is among the most effective tumor markers supporting clinical management of cancer patients. In biopsies, localization of EBER transcripts by in situ hybridization remains the gold standard for identifying latent infection. Other RNA- and protein-based assays detect lytic viral replication and can distinguish carcinoma-derived from lymphocyte-derived EBV in saliva or nasopharyngeal brushings. Analysis of blood using EBV viral load and serology reflects disease status and risk of progression. This review summarizes prior research in the context of basic virologic principles to provide a rational strategy for applying and interpreting EBV tests in various clinical settings. Such assays have been incorporated into standard clinical practice in selected settings such as diagnosis of primary infection and management of patients with immune dysfunction or nasopharyngeal carcinoma. As novel therapies are developed that target virus-infected cells or overcome the adverse effects of infection, laboratory testing becomes even more critical for determining when intervention is appropriate and the extent to which it has succeeded.
Additional file 1: of Incidence, socio-economic inequalities and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment for diabetes care in South Africa: a study at two public hospitals in Tshwane
Creators: name: Chipo Mutyambizi
name: Pavlova, Milena
name: Hongoro, Charles
name: Booysen, Frederik
name: Groot, Wim
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Outline of variables used in regression analysis. (DOCX 12 kb)
Development and Characterization of Reference Materials for MTHFR, SERPINA1, RET, BRCA1, and BRCA2 Genetic Testing
Creators: name: Telatar, Milhan
name: Weck, Karen
name: Booker, Jessica
name: Lyon, Elaine
name: Zehnbauer, Barbara
name: Das, Soma
name: Spector, Elaine
name: Mao, Rong
name: Godwin, Andrew K.
name: Bale, Sherri
name: Toji, Lorraine
name: Shrimpton, Antony E.
name: Friedman, Kenneth
name: Grody, Wayne W.
name: Kalman, Lisa V.
name: Monaghan, Kristin G.
name: Schrijver, Iris
name: Pratt, Victoria M.
name: Payne, Deborah A.
name: Buller, Arlene
name: Highsmith, Edward
name: Barker, Shannon D.
name: Kant, Jeffery A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Well-characterized reference materials (RMs) are integral in maintaining clinical laboratory quality assurance for genetic testing. These RMs can be used for quality control, monitoring of test performance, test validation, and proficiency testing of DNA-based genetic tests. To address the need for such materials, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the Genetic Testing Reference Material Coordination Program (GeT-RM), which works with the genetics community to improve public availability of characterized RMs for genetic testing. To date, the GeT-RM program has coordinated the characterization of publicly available genomic DNA RMs for a number of disorders, including cystic fibrosis, Huntington disease, fragile X, and several genetic conditions with relatively high prevalence in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Genotypic information about a number of other cell lines has been collected and is also available. The present study includes the development and commutability/genotype characterization of 10 DNA samples for clinically relevant mutations or sequence variants in the following genes: MTHFR; SERPINA1; RET; BRCA1; and BRCA2. DNA samples were analyzed by 19 clinical genetic laboratories using a variety of assays and technology platforms. Concordance was 100% for all samples, with no differences observed between laboratories using different methods. All DNA samples are available from Coriell Cell Repositories and characterization information can be found on the GeT-RM website.
Shape and flow fluctuations in ultra-central Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: Shen, Chun
name: Qiu, Zhi
name: Heinz, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In ultra-central heavy-ion collisions, anisotropic hydrodynamic flow is generated by density fluctuations in the initial state rather than by geometric overlap effects. For a given centrality class, the initial fluctuation spectrum is sensitive to the method chosen for binning the events into centrality classes. We show that sorting events by total initial entropy or by total final multiplicity yields event classes with equivalent statistical fluctuation properties, in spite of viscous entropy production during the fireball evolution. With this initial entropy-based centrality definition we generate several classes of ultra-central Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energies and evolve the events using viscous hydrodynamics with non-zero shear but vanishing bulk viscosity. Comparing the predicted anisotropic flow coefficients for charged hadrons with CMS data we find that both the Monte Carlo Glauber (MC-Glb) and Monte Carlo Kharzeev-Levin-Nardi (MC-KLN) models produce initial fluctuation spectra that are incompatible with the measured final anisotropic flow power spectrum, for any choice of the specific shear viscosity. In spite of this failure, we show that the hydrodynamic model can qualitatively explain, in terms of event-by-event fluctuations of the anisotropic flow coefficients and flow angles, the breaking of flow factorization for elliptic, triangular and quadrangular flow measured by the CMS experiment. For elliptic flow, this factorization breaking is large in ultra-central collisions. We conclude that the bulk of the experimentally observed flow factorization breaking effects are qualitatively explained by hydrodynamic evolution of initial-state fluctuations, but that their quantitative description requires a better understanding of the initial fluctuation spectrum.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures; In v2 and the current version, we updated all the calculations (except for Fig. 2) that do not include microscopic NN-correlations with a hard core radius of 0.9 fm. In v1, some of the results are done with a smaller hard core radius of 0.4 fm. We also reduced the statistical errors in Figs. 5-8 by increasing the simulated events to 1000 for every set of the run
"Für uns Menschen und um unseres Heiles willen"
Creators: name: Puhl, Stephan
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 21 Nr. 4 (1992): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 21, Heft 4
Laboratory Practice Guidelines for Detecting and Reporting BCR-ABL Drug Resistance Mutations in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Creators: name: Sabath, Dan
name: Jones, Dan
name: Elenitoba-Johnson, Kojo
name: Weck, Karen
name: Viswanatha, David
name: Kamel-Reid, Suzanne
name: Zehnder, James
name: Quigley, Neil
name: Press, Richard
name: Bahler, David
name: Dong, Henry
name: Rothberg, Paul
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase produced by the t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation, also known as the Philadelphia chromosome, is the initiating event in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Targeting of BCR-ABL with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has resulted in rapid clinical responses in the vast majority of patients with CML and Philadelphia chromosome+ ALL. However, long-term use of TKIs occasionally results in emergence of therapy resistance, in part through the selection of clones with mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain. We present here an overview of the current practice in monitoring for such mutations, including the methods used, the clinical and laboratory criteria for triggering mutational analysis, and the guidelines for reporting BCR-ABL mutations. We alsopresent a proposal for a public database for correlating mutational status with in vitro and in vivo responses to different TKIs to aid in the interpretation of mutation studies.
Validation of Clinical Testing for Warfarin Sensitivity: Comparison of CYP2C9-VKORC1 Genotyping Assays and Warfarin-Dosing Algorithms
Creators: name: Langley, Michael R.
name: McLeod, Howard L.
name: Weck, Karen E.
name: Booker, Jessica K.
name: Evans, James P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Responses to warfarin (Coumadin) anticoagulation therapy are affected by genetic variability in both the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes. Validation of pharmacogenetic testing for warfarin responses includes demonstration of analytical validity of testing platforms and of the clinical validity of testing. We compared four platforms for determining the relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in both CYP2C9 and VKORC1 that are associated with warfarin sensitivity (Third Wave Invader Plus, ParagonDx/Cepheid Smart Cycler, Idaho Technology LightCycler, and AutoGenomics Infiniti). Each method was examined for accuracy, cost, and turnaround time. All genotyping methods demonstrated greater than 95% accuracy for identifying the relevant SNPs (CYP2C9 *2 and *3; VKORC1 −1639 or 1173). The ParagonDx and Idaho Technology assays had the shortest turnaround and hands-on times. The Third Wave assay was readily scalable to higher test volumes but had the longest hands-on time. The AutoGenomics assay interrogated the largest number of SNPs but had the longest turnaround time. Four published warfarin-dosing algorithms (Washington University, UCSF, Louisville, and Newcastle) were compared for accuracy for predicting warfarin dose in a retrospective analysis of a local patient population on long-term, stable warfarin therapy. The predicted doses from both the Washington University and UCSF algorithms demonstrated the best correlation with actual warfarin doses.
Atmospheric Refractive Electromagnetic Wave Bending and Propagation Delay
Creators: name: Mangum, Jeffrey G.
name: Wallace, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this tutorial we summarize the physics and mathematics behind refractive electromagnetic wave bending and delay. Refractive bending and delay through the Earth's atmosphere at both radio/millimetric and optical/IR wavelengths are discussed, but with most emphasis on the former, and with Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) applications in mind. As modern astronomical measurements often require sub-arcsecond position accuracy, care is required when selecting refractive bending and delay algorithms. For the spherically-uniform model atmospheres generally used for all refractive bending and delay algorithms, positional accuracies $\lesssim 1^{\prime\prime}$ are achievable when observing at zenith angles $\lesssim 75^\circ$. A number of computationally economical approximate methods for atmospheric refractive bending and delay calculation are presented, appropriate for astronomical observations under these conditions. For observations under more realistic atmospheric conditions, for zenith angles $\gtrsim 75^\circ$, or when higher positional accuracy is required, more rigorous refractive bending and delay algorithms must be employed. For accurate calculation of the refractive bending, we recommend the Auer & Standish (2000) method, using numerical integration to ray-trace through a two-layer model atmosphere, with an atmospheric model determination of the atmospheric refractivity. For the delay calculation we recommend numerical integration through a model atmosphere.
description: 18 pages with 8 figures. Published 2015 PASP 127, p. 74-91. Found error in code which produced Figure 4 and some of the associated values listed in section 3.1.4, but did not affect any other calculations. This version includes replaced text and figure provided as erratum which will appear in PASP May 2015
Early Efficacy and Safety of the Third Dose Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine among People Living with HIV
Creators: name: Zou S.
name: Tan Y.
name: Wu S.
name: Xing Z.
name: Zhang Z.
name: Ming F.
name: Guo W.
name: Liang K.
name: Tang W.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2022

description: SARS-CoV-2 may exist longer in vivo and further be more likely to mutate and evolve in advanced HIV infection. Therefore, it is crucial to protect people living with HIV (PLWH) from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Booster vaccination is needed because of the waning immunity to primary two-dose COVID-19 vaccines and the immune response weakened by SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially for immunosuppressed populations. In our previous study, we found that the early humoral immune responses to primary two-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH were weaker than those in healthy individuals, and the adverse reactions between the 2 groups were comparable. Currently, it is still unclear whether PLWH will benefit more from a booster dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we conducted a prospective study to evaluate the early antibody responses and safety of the third dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH on stable antiretroviral therapy.
Additional file 1: of Embedding and sustaining motivational interviewing in clinical environments: a concurrent iterative mixed methods study
Creators: name: Lim, David
name: Schoo, Adrian
name: Lawn, Sharon
name: Litt, John
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Summary of survey findings. (DOCX 23 kb)
Die Selbstvergessenheit des Abendlandes
Creators: name: Straub, Eberhard
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 21 Nr. 4 (1992): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 21, Heft 4
Long-Distance Measurement-Device-Independent Multiparty Quantum Communication
Creators: name: Fu, Yao
name: Yin, Hua-Lei
name: Chen, Teng-Yun
name: Chen, Zeng-Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entanglement, originally introduced to uncover the extreme violation of local realism against quantum mechanics, is an important resource for multiparty quantum communication tasks. But the low intensity and fragility of the GHZ entanglement source in current conditions have made the practical applications of these multiparty tasks an experimental challenge. Here we propose a feasible scheme for practically distributing the post-selected GHZ entanglement over a distance of more than 100 km for experimentally accessible parameter regimes. Combining the decoy-state and measurement-device-independent protocols for quantum key distribution, we anticipate that our proposal suggests an important avenue for practical multiparty quantum communication.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
The International Sexual Health and REproductive Health during COVID-19 (I-SHARE) Study: A Multicountry Analysis of Adults from 30 Countries Prior to and during the Initial Coronavirus Disease 2019 Wave
Creators: name: Michielsen, K.
name: Kosana, P.
name: Gabster, A.
name: Esho, T.
name: Marie Strizzi, J.
name: Erausquin, J.T.
name: Brenner, E.M.
name: Klapilova, K.
name: Uhlich, M.
name: López Gómez, A.
name: Abdelhamed, A.
name: Hensel, D.J.
name: Olumide, A.
name: Hendriks, J.
name: Hlatshwako, T.G.
name: Sahril, N.
name: Eleuteri, S.
name: Wouters, E.
name: Plasilova, L.
name: Remmerie, L.
name: Shah, S.
name: Marks, M.
name: Lazdane, G.
name: Tucker, J.D.
name: Perotta, G.
name: Morroni, C.
name: Campbell, L.
name: Burns, S.
name: Zhang, W.H.
name: Francis, J.M.
name: Kumar, N.
name: Yun Low, W.
name: International Sexual Health And REproductive Health during COVID-19 Research Consortium
name: Shamu, S.
name: Tan, R.K.J.
name: Mussa, A.
name: Mark, K.
name: Moreau, C.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2022

description: Background: There is limited evidence to date about changes to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) during the initial wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To address this gap, our team organized a multicountry, cross-sectional online survey as part of a global consortium. Methods: Consortium research teams conducted online surveys in 30 countries. Sampling methods included convenience, online panels, and population-representative. Primary outcomes included sexual behaviors, partner violence, and SRH service use, and we compared 3 months prior to and during policy measures to mitigate COVID-19. We conducted meta-analyses for primary outcomes and graded the certainty of the evidence. Results: Among 4546 respondents with casual partners, condom use stayed the same for 3374 (74.4%), and 640 (14.1%) reported a decline. Fewer respondents reported physical or sexual partner violence during COVID-19 measures (1063 of 15 144, 7.0%) compared to before COVID-19 measures (1469 of 15 887, 9.3%). COVID-19 measures impeded access to condoms (933 of 10, 8.7%), contraceptives (610 of 8175, 7.5%), and human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection (HIV/STI) testing (750 of 1965, 30.7%). Pooled estimates from meta-analysis indicate that during COVID-19 measures, 32.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.9%-42.1%) of people needing HIV/STI testing had hindered access, 4.4% (95% CI, 3.4%-5.4%) experienced partner violence, and 5.8% (95% CI, 5.4%-8.2%) decreased casual partner condom use (moderate certainty of evidence for each outcome). Meta-analysis findings were robust in sensitivity analyses that examined country income level, sample size, and sampling strategy. Conclusions: Open science methods are feasible to organize research studies as part of emergency responses. The initial COVID-19 wave impacted SRH behaviors and access to services across diverse global settings.
Characterization of 107 Genomic DNA Reference Materials for CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, VKORC1, and UGT1A1: A GeT-RM and Association for Molecular Pathology Collaborative Project
Creators: name: Shabbeer, Junaid
name: Vance, Carlos
name: Kalman, Lisa
name: Noll, LeAnne
name: Farkas, Daniel H.
name: Mandal, Saptarshi
name: Butz, Ken
name: Pratt, Victoria M.
name: Buller, Arlene
name: Muralidharan, Kasinathan
name: Sander, Tara
name: Campbell, Matthew
name: Bettinotti, Maria
name: Wilson, Jean Amos
name: Zeller, Markus
name: Telatar, Milhan
name: Babic, Nikolina
name: Civalier, Chris
name: Lyon, Elaine
name: Yeo, Kiang-Teck J.
name: El-Badry, Abdalla
name: Toji, Lorraine
name: Vairavan, Anand
name: Baak, Ruth
name: McKinney, Jason
name: Wu, Alan H.B.
name: Smith, Chingying
name: Zehnbauer, Barbara
name: Weck, Karen E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Pharmacogenetic testing is becoming more common; however, very few quality control and other reference materials that cover alleles commonly included in such assays are currently available. To address these needs, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Genetic Testing Reference Material Coordination Program, in collaboration with members of the pharmacogenetic testing community and the Coriell Cell Repositories, have characterized a panel of 107 genomic DNA reference materials for five loci (CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, VKORC1, and UGT1A1) that are commonly included in pharmacogenetic testing panels and proficiency testing surveys. Genomic DNA from publicly available cell lines was sent to volunteer laboratories for genotyping. Each sample was tested in three to six laboratories using a variety of commercially available or laboratory-developed platforms. The results were consistent among laboratories, with differences in allele assignments largely related to the manufacturer's assay design and variable nomenclature, especially for CYP2D6. The alleles included in the assay platforms varied, but most were identified in the set of 107 DNA samples. Nine additional pharmacogenetic loci (CYP4F2, EPHX1, ABCB1, HLAB, KIF6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, TPMT, and DPD) were also tested. These samples are publicly available from Coriell and will be useful for quality assurance, proficiency testing, test development, and research.
Auf welche Welt zielt die Neuevangelisierung?
Creators: name: Gerl-Falkovitz, Hanna-Barbara
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 21 Nr. 4 (1992): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 21, Heft 4
keV Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter from Singlet Scalar Decays: Basic Concepts and Subtle Features
Creators: name: Merle, Alexander
name: Totzauer, Maximilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a detailed and illustrative study of the production of keV sterile neutrino Dark Matter (DM) by decays of singlet scalars in the early Universe. In the current study we focus on providing a clear and general overview of this production mechanism. For the first time we study all regimes possible on the level of momentum distribution functions, which we obtain by solving a system of Boltzmann equations. These quantities contain the full information about the production process, which allows us to not only track the evolution of the DM generation but to also take into account all bounds related to the spectrum, such as constraints from structure formation or from avoiding too much dark radiation. In particular we show that this simple production mechanism can, depending on the regime, lead to strongly non-thermal DM spectra which may even feature more than one peak in the momentum distribution. These cases could have particularly interesting consequences for cosmological structure formation, as their analysis requires more refined tools than the simplistic estimate using the free-streaming horizon. Here we present the mechanism including all concepts and subtleties involved, for now using the assumption that the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom is constant during DM production, which is applicable in a significant fraction of the parameter space. This allows us to derive analytical results to back up our detailed numerical computations, thus leading to the most comprehensive picture of keV sterile neutrino DM production by singlet scalar decays that exists up to now.
description: v3: 49 pages, 10 figures, content matches published version
Genetic Tests To Evaluate Prognosis and Predict Therapeutic Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Creators: name: Fedoriw, Yuri
name: Gulley, Margaret L.
name: Shea, Thomas C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Management of patients with acute myeloid leukemia relies on genetic tests that inform diagnosis and prognosis, predict response to therapy, and measure minimal residual disease. The value of genetics is reinforced in the revised 2008 World Health Organization acute myeloid leukemia classification scheme. The various analytic procedures—karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and microarray technology—each have advantages in certain clinical settings, and understanding their relative merits assists in specimen allocation and in effective utilization of health care resources. Karyotype and array technology represent genome-wide screens, whereas the other methods target specific prognostic features such as t(15;17) PML-RARA, t(8;21) RUNX1-RUNX1T1, inv(16) CBFB-MYH11, 11q23 MLL rearrangement, FLT3 internal tandem duplication, or NPM1 mutation. New biomarkers and pharmacogenetic tests are emerging. The pathologist's expertise is critical in 1) consulting with clinicians about test selection as well as specimen collection and handling; 2) allocating tissue for immediate testing and preserving the remaining specimen for any downstream testing that is indicated once morphology and other pertinent test results are known; 3) performing tests that maximize outcome based on the strengths and limitations of each assay in each available specimen type; and 4) interpreting and conveying results to the rest of the health care team in a format that facilitates clinical management. Acute myeloid leukemia leads the way for modern molecular medicine.
The AUKUS Trilateral Defense Agreement: Degrading Custom and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 
Creators: name: Sotir, Grayon William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Nuclear weapons
subject: International Atomic Energy Agency
subject: Nuclear nonproliferation
subject: International law
subject: Military operations, Naval
subject: Nuclear energy
subject: United Nations. Security Council
subject: Submarines (Ships)
subject: International relations

description: On 15 September 2021, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States publicly announced their joint intention of entering a new trilateral defense agreement (AUKUS). The central guarantee of this agreement is a major investment by the UK and the US in Australia’s underseas domain in the form of eight nuclear-propelled submarines. This article will review relevant multinational treaties, patterns of state behavior, and important textual arguments to conduct a surface-level legal analysis which is rather critical of the agreement's damaging precedent-setting potential.
Additional file 2: of Incidence, socio-economic inequalities and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment for diabetes care in South Africa: a study at two public hospitals in Tshwane
Creators: name: Chipo Mutyambizi
name: Pavlova, Milena
name: Hongoro, Charles
name: Booysen, Frederik
name: Groot, Wim
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment related to diabetes care, by wealth quintile. (DOCX 31 kb)
Quality Assurance of RNA Expression Profiling in Clinical Laboratories
Creators: name: Hu, Zhiyuan
name: Gulley, Margaret L.
name: Tang, Weihua
name: Muallem, Hind
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: RNA expression profiles are increasingly used to diagnose and classify disease, based on expression patterns of as many as several thousand RNAs. To ensure quality of expression profiling services in clinical settings, a standard operating procedure incorporates multiple quality indicators and controls, beginning with preanalytic specimen preparation and proceeding thorough analysis, interpretation, and reporting. Before testing, histopathological examination of each cellular specimen, along with optional cell enrichment procedures, ensures adequacy of the input tissue. Other tactics include endogenous controls to evaluate adequacy of RNA and exogenous or spiked controls to evaluate run- and patient-specific performance of the test system, respectively. Unique aspects of quality assurance for array-based tests include controls for the pertinent outcome signatures that often supersede controls for each individual analyte, built-in redundancy for critical analytes or biochemical pathways, and software-supported scrutiny of abundant data by a laboratory physician who interprets the findings in a manner facilitating appropriate medical intervention. Access to high-quality reagents, instruments, and software from commercial sources promotes standardization and adoption in clinical settings, once an assay is vetted in validation studies as being analytically sound and clinically useful. Careful attention to the well-honed principles of laboratory medicine, along with guidance from government and professional groups on strategies to preserve RNA and manage large data sets, promotes clinical-grade assay performance.
Zu den Eltern ins Boot steigen. Eine qualitative Studie über den Aufbau einer tragfähigen Kooperation zwischen Eltern und Fachpersonen in der Anfangsphase der Heilpädagogischen Früherziehung
Creators: name: Wehrli, Manuela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit
Heilpädagogische Früherziehung
Bezugsperson

description: Eltern haben als wichtigste Bezugspersonen ihres Kindes den grössten Einfluss auf dessen Entwicklung. Entsprechend ist die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Eltern und Fachpersonen von Beginn an zentral. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht der Fragestellung nach, wie Fachpersonen der Heilpädagogischen Früherziehung in der Anfangsphase eine tragfähige Kooperation mit den Eltern aufbauen. Dazu wurden Expert:inneninterviews durchgeführt und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass dem Beziehungs- und Vertrauensaufbau eine zentrale Bedeutung beigemessen wird. Die Fachpersonen begegnen den Familien offen und erachten sie als kompetent und verantwortlich für ihre Situation. Im Vorgehen ist eine hohe Teilhabeorientierung ersichtlich, das Anliegen und die Entscheidungen der Eltern sind ausschlaggebend. Gleichzeitig wird ein Spannungsfeld zwischen dem Einbringen und Zurückhalten fachlicher Sichtweisen beschrieben.
Monochromatic neutrinos generated by dark matter and the see-saw mechanism
Creators: name: Dudas, Emilian
name: Mambrini, Yann
name: Olive, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a minimal extension of the Standard Model where a scalar field is coupled to the right handed neutrino responsible for the see-saw mechanism for neutrino masses. In the absence of other couplings, below 8 TeV the scalar $A$ has a unique decay mode $A \rightarrow νν$, $ν$ being the physical observed light neutrino state. Above 8 (11) TeV, the 3-body (4-body) decay modes dominate. Imposing constraints on neutrino masses $m_ν$ from atmospheric and solar experiments implies a long lifetime for $A$, much larger than the age of the Universe, making it a natural dark matter candidate. Its lifetime can be as large as $10^{29}$ seconds, and its signature below 8 TeV would be a clear monochromatic neutrino signal, which can be observed by ANTARES or IceCube. Under certain conditions, the scalar $A$ may be viewed as a Goldstone mode of a complex scalar field whose vacuum expectation value generates the Majorana mass for $ν_R$. In this case, we expect the dark matter scalar to have a mass $\lesssim 10$ GeV.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, version accepted for publication in PRD [references and 3/4- body decay added in the analysis for completeness]
Prediction of Lung Cancer Histological Types by RT-qPCR Gene Expression in FFPE Specimens
Creators: name: Roberts, Patrick J.
name: Schallheim, Jason M.
name: Hayward, Michele C.
name: Thorne, Leigh B.
name: Yin, Xiaoying
name: Hayes, D. Neil
name: Bernard, Philip S.
name: Mullins, Michael
name: Wilkerson, Matthew D.
name: Geiersbach, Katherine B.
name: Bastien, Roy R.L.
name: Miller, C. Ryan
name: Fan, Cheng
name: Perou, Charles M.
name: Bayer, Steven
name: Muldrew, Kenneth L.
name: Funkhouser, William K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Lung cancer histologic diagnosis is clinically relevant because there are histology-specific treatment indications and contraindications. Histologic diagnosis can be challenging owing to tumor characteristics, and it has been shown to have less-than-ideal agreement among pathologists reviewing the same specimens. Microarray profiling studies using frozen specimens have shown that histologies exhibit different gene expression trends; however, frozen specimens are not amenable to routine clinical application. Herein, we developed a gene expression–based predictor of lung cancer histology for FFPE specimens, which are routinely available in clinical settings. Genes predictive of lung cancer histologies were derived from published cohorts that had been profiled by microarrays. Expression of these genes was measured by quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) in a cohort of patients with FFPE lung cancer. A histology expression predictor (HEP) was developed using RT-qPCR expression data for adenocarcinoma, carcinoid, small cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. In cross-validation, the HEP exhibited mean accuracy of 84% and κ = 0.77. In separate independent validation sets, the HEP was compared with pathologist diagnoses on the same tumor block specimens, and the HEP yielded similar accuracy and precision as the pathologists. The HEP also exhibited good performance in specimens with low tumor cellularity. Therefore, RT-qPCR gene expression from FFPE specimens can be effectively used to predict lung cancer histology.
In Defense of National Partiality: An Argument Refuting Claims of Nationalism’s Inherent Immorality
Creators: name: Sotir, Grayon William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ethics
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: United Nations
subject: Economics
subject: Cosmopolitanism
subject: Nationalism
subject: Politics and government
subject: International relations
subject: Human rights
subject: World politics
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: International law
subject: Nationalism--Economic aspects

description: Is any degree of national partiality morally justified in the 21st century? Is the nationstate an outdated entity in need of amending? Do liberal criticisms of national partiality adequately demonstrate its supposed immorality? This paper explores these subjects in greater detail with the primary aim of proving national partiality’s status as a morally justifiable philosophical concept, akin to the upholding of important social contracts.
Molecular Oncology Testing in Resource-Limited Settings
Creators: name: Gulley, Margaret L.
name: Morgan, Douglas R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Cancer prevalence and mortality are high in developing nations, where resources for cancer control are inadequate. Nearly one-quarter of cancers in resource-limited nations are infection related, and molecular assays can capitalize on this relationship by detecting pertinent pathogen genomes and human gene variants to identify those at highest risk for progression to cancer, to classify lesions, to predict effective therapy, and to monitor tumor burden over time. Prime examples are human papillomavirus in cervical neoplasia, Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus in gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma, and hepatitis B or C virus in hepatocellular cancer. Research is underway to engineer devices that overcome social, economic, and technical barriers limiting effective laboratory support. Additional challenges include an educated workforce, infrastructure for quality metrics and record keeping, and funds to sustain molecular test services. The combination of well-designed interfaces, novel and robust electrochemical technology, and telemedicine tools will promote adoption by frontline providers. Fast turnaround is crucial for surmounting loss to follow-up, although increased use of cell phones, even in rural areas, enhances options for patient education and engagement. Links to a broadband network facilitate consultation and centralized storage of medical data. Molecular technology shows promise to address gaps in health care through rapid, user-friendly, and cost-effective devices reflecting clinical priorities in resource-poor areas.
Case Studies Report. Baseline Study - Agricultural Capacity of the Indigenous Estate
Creators: name: McArthur, Lorrae
name: Barnett, Russell
name: Qureshi, Muhammed Ejaz
name: Stacey, Brian
Publisher: name: Cooperative Research Centre for Developing Northern Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Case studies of agricultural investments on the Indigenous Estate

description: The analysis of the five case studies identifies that First Nations primary production industries are diverse, increasingly financially sustainable and delivering significant cultural, environmental and social benefits to local First Nations communities and the broader national economy. First Nations people are willing and successful participants in primary industries. The preconditions to First Nations participation include mechanisms that enable technical, commercial and governance capabilities, including through external agencies and through existing cultural governance arrangements. Governance frameworks based on holding-subsidiary company models that provide appropriate cultural and community oversight, whilst separating operational management of the primary production enterprise, are common place among First Nations primary industries businesses and appear to be a tried-and-tested model. Access to capital and other services and data are equally important enablers. The reliability of leases, and other tenure, limits land holders’ access to capital. Commonwealth, state and territory agencies and instrumentalities provide financial, research and advisory services to First Nations primary production businesses. Of note, the ILSC has been an important resource for First Nations primary production enterprises to build capabilities, divest land and grant funding. Also crucial are the networks and genuine, meaningful collaboration among First Nations organisations. These support culturally appropriate frameworks for sustainable development, enable partnerships and access to supply chains and markets, provide advocacy and specialist expertise, support innovations, and generate data. When afforded capacity and capabilities, First Nations primary production industries optimise the sustainable use of natural resources together with maintaining cultural and biodiversity assets. Business models are founded on preserving culture and caring for Country and creating social dividends for local First Nations communities. Development interests go beyond mainstream primary industries and build on natural and cultural capital. Interests encompass emerging and innovative land and water-based enterprises, such as native bushfoods production, botanical pharmaceuticals, carbon farming and agritourism, some of which already contribute to national gross domestic product.
The Reset Hypothesis: Lactation and Maternal Metabolism
Creators: name: Stuebe, Alison
name: Rich-Edwards, Janet
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: For maternal metabolism, pregnancy ends not with delivery, but with weaning. In several recent epidemiological studies, authors have reported an association between duration of breast-feeding and reduced maternal risk of metabolic disease. These findings parallel data from animal models showing favorable changes in metabolism associated with lactation. During gestation, visceral fat accumulates, and insulin resistance and lipid and triglyceride levels increase. These changes appear to reverse more quickly, and more completely, with lactation. In this article, we review animal and human studies regarding the effects of lactation on adiposity, lipid, and glucose homeostasis. We hypothesize that lactation plays an important role in “resetting” maternal metabolism after pregnancy.
Numerical method of characteristics for one-dimensional blood flow
Creators: name: Acosta, Sebastian
name: Puelz, Charles
name: Riviere, Beatrice
name: Penny, Daniel J.
name: Rusin, Craig G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 65M12, 65M25, 76Z05, 92C50, 92-08

description: Mathematical modeling at the level of the full cardiovascular system requires the numerical approximation of solutions to a one-dimensional nonlinear hyperbolic system describing flow in a single vessel. This model is often simulated by computationally intensive methods like finite elements and discontinuous Galerkin, while some recent applications require more efficient approaches (e.g. for real-time clinical decision support, phenomena occurring over multiple cardiac cycles, iterative solutions to optimization/inverse problems, and uncertainty quantification). Further, the high speed of pressure waves in blood vessels greatly restricts the time step needed for stability in explicit schemes. We address both cost and stability by presenting an efficient and unconditionally stable method for approximating solutions to diagonal nonlinear hyperbolic systems. Theoretical analysis of the algorithm is given along with a comparison of our method to a discontinuous Galerkin implementation. Lastly, we demonstrate the utility of the proposed method by implementing it on small and large arterial networks of vessels whose elastic and geometrical parameters are physiologically relevant.
Sampling eigenmodes in colloidal solids
Creators: name: Maggs, A. C.
name: Schindler, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of correlation matrices widely used in the characterisation of vibrational modes in colloidal materials. We show that the eigenvectors in the middle of the spectrum are strongly mixed, but that at both the top and the bottom of the spectrum it is possible to extract a good approximation to the true eigenmodes of an elastic system.
description: 6 pages, 10 figures