cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Scattering linear polarization of late-type active stars
Creators: name: Yakobchuk, T. M.
name: Berdyugina, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many active stars are covered in spots, much more so than the Sun, as indicated by spectroscopic and photometric observations. It has been predicted that star spots induce non-zero intrinsic linear polarization by breaking the visible stellar disk symmetry. Although small, this effect might be useful for star spot studies, and it is particularly significant for a future polarimetric atmosphere characterization of exoplanets orbiting active host stars. Using models for a center-to-limb variation of the intensity and polarization in presence of continuum scattering and adopting a simplified two-temperature photosphere model, we aim to estimate the intrinsic linear polarization for late-type stars of different gravity, effective temperature, and spottedness. We developed a code that simulates various spot configurations or uses arbitrary surface maps, performs numerical disk integration, and builds Stokes parameter phase curves for a star over a rotation period for a selected wavelength. It allows estimating minimum and maximum polarization values for a given set of stellar parameters and spot coverages. Based on assumptions about photosphere-to-spot temperature contrasts and spot size distributions, we calculate the linear polarization for late-type stars with $T_{\rm eff}$ = 3500 K - 6000 K, log$g$ = 1.0 - 5.0, using the plane-parallel and spherical atmosphere models. Employing random spot surface distribution, we analyze the relation between spot coverage and polarization and determine the influence of different input parameters on results. Furthermore, we consider spot configurations with polar spots and active latitudes and longitudes.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures, accepted by A&A
Closing the Windows on Mev Tau Neutrinos
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Gould, T. M.
name: Rothstein, I. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note, we analyze various constraints on the ``visible'' decay modes of a massive $τ$ neutrino, $ν_τ\rightarrowν^\prime\,γ$ and $ν_τ\rightarrowν^\prime\, e^+ e^-$, where $ν^\prime$ is a light neutrino. The BEBC beam dump experiment provides model-independent constraints on these modes. The lifetime for the $ν^\prime\, e^+e^-$ mode is constrained to be $τ_{ν^\prime\, e^+e^-} \ge 0.18~(m_{ν_τ}/MeV)~sec.$ We point out that the same experiment implies a similar constraint on the $ν^\prime\,γ$ mode. This results in a new upper limit on the transition magnetic moment of $ν_τ$, $μ_{\rm tran} \le 1.1 \times 10^{-9} (MeV/m_{ν_τ})^2 μ_B $. Furthermore, a limit on the electric charge of $ν_τ$ may be obtained, $Q_{ν_τ} \le 4 \times 10^{-4}e$. Combining these constraints with those arising from supernova observations and primordial nucleosynthesis calculations, we show that these ``visible'' decays cannot be the dominant decay modes of the $τ$ neutrino.
description: 8 pgs. LaTeX (1 uuencoded fig., also available on request), Bartol-930XXX, JHU-TIPAC-930026, UM-TH-93-26
Characterizations of complex Finsler Metrics
Creators: name: Li, Hongjun
name: Xia, Hongchuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Munteanu defined the canonical connection associated to a strongly pseudoconvex complex Finsler manifold $(M,F)$. We first prove that the holomorphic sectional curvature tensors of the canonical connection coincide with those of the Chern-Finsler connection associated to $F$ if and only if $F$ is a Kähler-Finsler metric. We also investigate the relationship of the Ricci curvatures (resp. scalar curvatures) of these two connections when $M$ is compact. As an application, two characterizations of balanced complex Finsler metrics are given. Next, we obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for a balanced complex Finsler metric to be Kähler-Finsler. Finally, we investigate conformal transformations of a balanced complex Finsler metric.
description: I misquoted the definition of canonical connection?
A Condition Number for Second Order Conic Systems
Creators: name: Cheung, Dennis
name: Cucker, Felipe
name: Pena, Javier
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this note we define a condition number C (A) for the feasibility problem of homogeneous second order linear conic systems. This condition number extends that defined by the first two authors in Math. Program. 91:163–174 (2001) for homogeneous polyhedral linear conic systems. We show that it shares some of its properties —it can be characterized as a relativised inverse to the distance to ill-posedness, it is bounded by Renegar’s condition number C(A)— but not all of them —it is not necessarily the inverse of the radius of the largest cone inscribed in the solution set. In doing so, we also prove a new characterization of Renegar’s C(A).
Monitoring spin coherence of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds during pH changes in aqueous buffer solutions
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Masazumi
name: Tsukahara, Ryuta
name: Sera, Yoshihiko
name: Yukawa, Hiroshi
name: Baba, Yoshinobu
name: Shikata, Shinichi
name: Hashimoto, Hideki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on sensing stability of nanodiamond (ND) quantum sensors in various pH aqueous buffer solutions for the two detection schemes of quantum decoherence spectroscopy and thermometry. The electron spin properties of single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in 25-nm-sized NDs have been characterized by a spin-measurement compatible perfusion (SMCP) chamber where observing the same individual NDs in different buffer solutions is possible. With this system, we have determined the stability of the NV quantum sensors during the pH change from 4 to 11 as the fluctuations of +- 12% and +- 0.2 MHz for the spin coherence time ($T_2$) and the resonance frequency ($ω_0$) of their mean values, which are comparable to the instrumental error of the measurement system. Here, we discuss the importance of characterizing the sensing stability during pH changes and how the present observations affect ND-based NV quantum sensing.
Chern class identities from tadpole matching in type IIB and F-theory
Creators: name: Aluffi, Paolo
name: Esole, Mboyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In light of Sen's weak coupling limit of F-theory as a type IIB orientifold, the compatibility of the tadpole conditions leads to a non-trivial identity relating the Euler characteristics of an elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau fourfold and of certain related surfaces. We present the physical argument leading to the identity, and a mathematical derivation of a Chern class identity which confirms it, after taking into account singularities of the relevant loci. This identity of Chern classes holds in arbitrary dimension, and for varieties that are not necessarily Calabi-Yau. Singularities are essential in both the physics and the mathematics arguments: the tadpole relation may be interpreted as an identity involving stringy invariants of a singular hypersurface, and corrections for the presence of pinch-points. The mathematical discussion is streamlined by the use of Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson classes of singular varieties. We also show how the main identity may be obtained by applying `Verdier specialization' to suitable constructible functions.
description: 26 pages, 1 figure, references added, typos corrected
Weaving continuous controlled K-g-fusion frames in Hilbert spaces
Creators: name: Ghosh, Prasenjit
name: Samanta, T. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C15, 94A12, 46C07

description: We introduce the notion of weaving continuous controlled K-g-fusion frame in Hilbert space. Some characterizations of weaving continuous controlled K-g-fusion frame have been presented. We extend some of the recent results of woven K-g-fusion frame and controlled K-g-fusion frame to woven continuous controlled K-g-fusion frame. Finally, a perturbation result of woven continuous controlled K-g-fusion frame has been studied.
description: 24 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2110.11234; text overlap with arXiv:2108.01467
Dynamics of a Magnetic Needle Magnetometer: Sensitivity to Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert Damping
Creators: name: Band, Y. B.
name: Avishai, Y.
name: Shnirman, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis of a single-domain magnetic needle in the presence of an external magnetic field ${\bf B}$ is carried out with the aim of achieving a high precision magnetometer. We determine the uncertainty $ΔB$ of such a device due to Gilbert dissipation and the associated internal magnetic field fluctuations that gives rise to diffusion of the magnetic needle axis direction ${\bf n}$ and the needle orbital angular momentum. The levitation of the magnetic needle in a magnetic trap and its stability are also analyzed.
Average Peak Age-of-Information Minimization in UAV-assisted IoT Networks
Creators: name: Abd-Elmagid, Mohamed A.
name: Dhillon, Harpreet S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by the need to ensure timely delivery of information (e.g., status updates) in the Internet-of-things (IoT) paradigm, this paper investigates the role of an Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a mobile relay to minimize the average Peak Age-of-information (PAoI) for a source-destination pair. For this setup, we formulate an optimization problem to jointly optimize the UAV's flight trajectory as well as energy and service time allocations for packet transmissions. In order to solve this non-convex problem, we propose an efficient iterative algorithm and establish its convergence analytically. Closed-form solutions for some sub-problems are also provided. One of the sub-problems we solve in this procedure is to jointly optimize the energy and service time allocations for a given trajectory of the UAV. This problem is of interest on its own right because in some cases we may not be able to alter the UAV's trajectory based on the locations of the IoT devices (especially when its primary mission is something else). Our numerical results quantify the gains that can be achieved by additionally optimizing the UAV's trajectory.
description: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
NURSE EDUCATION: UTILIZING ACETAMINOPHEN AND NSAIDS TO REDUCE POST-OPERATIVE OPIOID CONSUMPTION AFTER ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
Creators: name: Sierra, David
name: Sevilla, Emanuel
name: Rincon, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: ERAS
multimodal analgesia
PACU nurses
acetaminophen
NSAIDs

description: The purpose of this QI project was to develop a post anesthesia care unit (PACU) nurse educational intervention to enhance their knowledge of non-opioid multimodal analgesia, acetaminophen and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), as it pertains to the ERAS protocol to control post-orthopedic surgery patients’ pain. The aim was to assess PACU nurses’ attitudes toward adopting new evidence-based practice and identify gaps in their knowledge of the ERAS pain management protocol using the evidence-based practice attitudes scale (EBPAS) in combination with a qualitative and socio-demographic variable questionnaire. Utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional design, with the assistance of the IOWA model as a theoretical framework, the information gathered in this project led to the successful development of an educational PowerPoint presentation targeting the unique knowledge gaps of this sample of PACU nurses. Supporting nurses doubtful of ERAS protocol efficacy through knowledge enhancing education may empower them to accept ERAS protocols leading to decreased opioid use.
Magnetic phase transition and magnetocaloric effect in PrCo9Si4 and NdCo9Si4
Creators: name: Mohapatra, Niharika
name: Sampathkumaran, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The compounds, PrCo9Si4 and NdCo9Si4, have been recently reported to exhibit first-order ferromagnetic transitions near 24 K. We have subjected this compound for further characterization by magnetization, heat-capacity and electrical resistivity measurements at low temperatures in the presence of magnetic fields, particularly to probe magnetocaloric effect and magnetoresistance. The compounds are found to exhibit rather modest magnetocaloric effect at low temperatures peaking at Curie temperature, tracking the behavior of magnetoresistance. The magnetic transition does not appear to be first order in its character.
description: In press
A Condition Number for Multifold Conic Systems
Creators: name: Chueng, Dennis
name: Cucker, Felipe
name: Pena, Javier
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The analysis of iterative algorithms solving a conic feasibility problem Ay ∈ K, with A a linear map and K a regular, closed, convex cone, can be conveniently done in terms of Renegar’s condition number C(A) of the input data A. In this paper we define and characterize a condition number which exploits the possible factorization of K as a product of simpler cones. This condition number, which extends the one defined in [Math. Program., 91:163–174, 2001] for polyhedral conic systems, captures better the conditioning of the problem by filtering out, e.g., differences in scaling between components corresponding to different factors of K. We see these results as a step in developing a theory of conditioning that takes into account the structure of the problem.
Piezoelectric Soft Robot Inchworm Motion by Tuning Ground Friction through Robot Shape: Quasi-Static Modeling and Experimental Validation
Creators: name: Zheng, Zhiwu
name: Kumar, Prakhar
name: Chen, Yenan
name: Cheng, Hsin
name: Wagner, Sigurd
name: Chen, Minjie
name: Verma, Naveen
name: Sturm, James C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electrically-driven soft robots based on piezoelectric actuators may enable compact form factors and maneuverability in complex environments. In most prior work, piezoelectric actuators are used to control a single degree of freedom. In this work, the coordinated activation of five independent piezoelectric actuators, attached to a common metal foil, is used to implement inchworm-inspired crawling motion in a robot that is less than 0.5 mm thick. The motion is based on the control of its friction to the ground through the robot's shape, in which one end of the robot (depending on its shape) is anchored to the ground by static friction, while the rest of its body expands or contracts. A complete analytical model of the robot shape, which includes gravity, is developed to quantify the robot shape, friction, and displacement. After validation of the model by experiments, the robot's five actuators are collectively sequenced for inchworm-like forward and backward motion.
description: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Improving the Weizsäcker-Williams Approximation in Electron-Proton Collisions
Creators: name: Frixione, S.
name: Mangano, M. L.
name: Nason, P.
name: Ridolfi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We critically examine the validity of the Weizsäcker-Williams approximation in electron-hadron collisions. We show that in its commonly used form it can lead to large errors, and we show how to improve it in order to get accurate results. In particular, we present an improved form that is valid beyond the leading logarithmic approximation in the case when a small-angle cut is applied to the scattered electron. Furthermore we include comparisons of the approximate expressions with the exact electroproduction calculation in the case of heavy-quark production.
description: 10 pages (LaTex, style file included) + 3 tables
A Kulikov-Type Classification Theorem for a One Parameter Family of K3-Surfaces Over a p-ADIC Field and a Good Reduction Criterion
Creators: name: Rogelio, Pérez-Buendía J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G25 14G20 14G40 14G15

description: In this paper, we prove a $p$-adic analogous of the Kulikov-Persson-Pinkham classification theorem [Persson:1981wp] for the central fiber of a degeneration of $K3$-surfaces in terms of the nilpotency degree of the monodromy of the family. Namely, let $X_K$ be a be a smooth, projective $K3$-surface which has a minimal semi-stable model $X$ over $\mathcal O_K$. If we let $N_{st}$ be the monodromy operator on $D_{st}(H^2_{et}}(X_{\overline K},\mathbb Q_p))$, then we prove that the degree of nilpotency of $N_{st}$ determines the type of the special fiber of $X$. As a consequence we give a criterion for the good reduction of the semi-stable $K3$-surface $X_K$ over the $p$-adic field $K$ in terms of its $p$-adic representation $H^2_{\text{et}}(X_{\overline K},\mathbb Q_p)$, which is similar to the criterion of good reduction for $p$-adic abelian varieties and curves given by Coleman-Iovita and Andreatta-Iovita-Kim.
description: 17 page
A Comment on Market Structure and Stabilization Policy
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Recently, in this REVIEW (J. K. Galbraith, "Market Structure and Stabilization Policy,this REVIEW, XXXIX (May 1957) I24-33) Professor Galbraith has asserted that in the case of monetary policy the "inflation can be controlled by denying credit to what are, in a general way, the least powerful firms" (page 132). Elsewhere, these least powerful firms are identified as the smaller firms (pages 131, 132, 133), and evidence concerning the distribution of bank loans by size is presented, to indicate that "while the case cannot be proven, there is a strong probability that in the last couple of years the effect of monetary policy has been to ration credit from all sources away from smaller firms in the competitive sector and to larger firms in the oligopolistic sector" (page 133).
Constraints on Higgs boson production with large transverse momentum using $H\rightarrow b\bar{b}$ decays in the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports constraints on Higgs boson production with transverse momentum above 1 TeV. The analyzed data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV were recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider from 2015 to 2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb$^{-1}$. Higgs bosons decaying into $b\bar{b}$ are reconstructed as single large-radius jets recoiling against a hadronic system and identified by the experimental signature of two $b$-hadron decays. The experimental techniques are validated in the same kinematic regime using the $Z\rightarrow b\bar{b}$ process.The 95$\% $ confidence-level upper limit on the cross section for Higgs boson production with transverse momentum above 450 GeV is 115 fb, and above 1 TeV it is 9.6 fb. The Standard Model cross section predictions for a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV in the same kinematic regions are 18.4 fb and 0.13 fb, respectively.
description: 58 pages in total, author list starting page 41, 12 figures, 14 tables, published in Physics Review D. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2021-08
IMPROVING PROPER DISPOSAL OF OPIOID PRESCRIPTIONS AMONG PATIENTS
Creators: name: Kim, Soomin
name: Nguyen, Gina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: opioid take-back
opioid crisis
drug take-back program
patient reminder system
educational module
patient education

description: Background: The Drug Enforcement Agency recommends using drug take-back programs as a safe and cost-effective way to promote proper disposal of opioid prescriptions and other drugs among patients. Proper disposal of opioid prescriptions prevents drug misuse, diversion, and improper use of medications. Purpose: The purpose was to increase awareness and utilization of the Kaiser Permanente (KP) Drug Take-back Program and to increase proper disposal of opioids among surgical patients within the KP Health system. Methods: The project used the Iowa Model. A comprehensive literature search was conducted regarding opioid disposal methods and educational module learning. An educational module with pre-test and post-test 5-point Likert surveys was developed for health care providers within the perioperative setting. A patient reminder system via email, phone call, text, and U.S. mail were developed to remind patients to return unused prescribed medications. A patient survey was created to evaluate this system. Significance: This was a pilot project to increase knowledge and promote drug take-back programs within the KP system by developing an educational module and patient reminder scripts that may be utilized at the facilities. To date, there has been little literature that examines the influence of education and reminders for drug take-back programs. More studies and projects need to be done regarding drug take-back programs to determine the programs’ effectiveness at increasing the proper disposal of opioid prescriptions and reducing diversion and opioid abuse.
Agency in Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
Creators: name: Valencia Valenc, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description:  Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices enable speech-based communication when people cannot use their own physical voice to speak. Speech-generating AAC devices include specialized keyboards and interfaces designed to support individuals in message composition and speech synthesis. Composing a message with an AAC device can take more time than using verbal speech which poses social interaction challenges to AAC users. Augmented communicators (ACs) often fall behind in group conversations when topics move fast or only get asked yes/no questions instead of open-ended ones, limiting the AC’s possible responses. While focusing on improving the rate at which AAC users can communicate and increasing ease to vocabulary access have been an important focus of the field of designing for AAC, this dissertation presents and argues for conversational agency as a new research and design frame to study AAC technology and AAC-based interactions among disabled and non-disabled individuals.
 Conversational agency is shaped by social constraints such as when AAC users can speak, what they can say, and who they can address. The first part of this dissertation proposes metrics to measure how conversational agency is expressed within constraints specific to AAC-based interaction. Using agency as a lens for AAC research uncovered new design opportunities for AAC systems that center AAC users’ personal conversational goals. The second part of this thesis explored technologies that can help balance participation in a group and signal to partners that an AC is still making use of their turn to address social constraints related to managing attention and conversational dynamics. The third part of this dissertation explores technologies that can retrieve content from a conversation and clarify misunderstandings to provide ACs with more control over the content of a conversation and the relevance and context of their messages. Through empirical studies, co-design, participatory design, and the development and deployment of different systems, this dissertation investigates how different design materials, such as expressive customized robots and Large Language Models, can support AAC users in easily exercising their conversational agency and help non-AAC users become better communication partners. Through six studies this dissertation contributes Agency in AAC as a new design framework to both further our understanding of AAC users agency and to generate novel, accessible, and agency-increasing communication tools.
Velocity-dependent Lyapunov exponents in many-body quantum, semi-classical, and classical chaos
Creators: name: Khemani, Vedika
name: Huse, David A.
name: Nahum, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exponential growth or decay with time of the out-of-time-order commutator (OTOC) is one widely used diagnostic of many-body chaos in spatially-extended systems. In studies of many-body classical chaos, it has been noted that one can define a velocity-dependent Lyapunov exponent, $λ({\bf v})$, which is the growth or decay rate along "rays" at that velocity. We examine the behavior of $λ({\bf v})$ for a variety of many-body systems, both chaotic and integrable. The so-called light cone for the spreading of operators is defined by $λ({\bf \hat n}v_B({\bf \hat n}))=0$, with a generally direction-dependent "butterfly speed" $v_B({\bf \hat n})$. In spatially local systems, $λ(v)$ is negative outside the light cone where it takes the form $λ(v) \sim -(v-v_B)^α$ near $v_b$, with the exponent $α$ taking on various values over the range of systems we examine. The regime inside the light cone with positive Lyapunov exponents may only exist for classical, semi-classical or large-$N$ systems, but not for "fully quantum" chaotic systems with strong short-range interactions and local Hilbert space dimensions of order one.
description: Published version
Curvature estimates for four-dimensional complete gradient expanding Ricci solitons
Creators: name: Cao, Huai-Dong
name: Liu, Tianbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C25, 53C21, 53E20

description: In this paper, we derive curvature estimates for 4-dimensional complete gradient expanding Ricci solitons with nonnegative Ricci curvature (outside a compact set $K$). More precisely, we prove that the norm of the curvature tensor $Rm$ and its covariant derivative $\nabla Rm$ can be bounded by the scalar curvature $R$ by $|Rm|\le C_a R^a$ and $|\nabla Rm| \le C_a R^a$ (on $M\backslash K$), for any $0\le a <1$ and some constant $C_a >0$. Moreover, if the scalar curvature has at most polynomial decay at infinity, then $|Rm| \le C R$ (on $M\backslash K$). As an application, it follows that that if a 4-dimensional complete gradient expanding Ricci soliton $(M^4, g, f)$ has nonnegative Ricci curvature and finite asymptotic scalar curvature ratio then it has finite asymptotic curvature ratio, and $C^{1,α}$ asymptotic cones at infinity ($0 < α< 1$) according to Chen-Deruelle [20].
description: 20 pages; to appear in Crelle's Journal
A Freiman-type theorem for locally compact abelian groups
Creators: name: Sanders, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a Freiman-type theorem for locally compact abelian groups. If A is a subset of a locally compact abelian group with Haar measure m and m(nA) < n^dm(A) for all n>d log d then we describe A in a way which is tight up to logarithmic factors in d.
description: 12 pp. Corrected typos. Updated references. Minor revisions.
A Class of Perfect Graphs Containing P6
Creators: name: Cornuejols, Gerard
name: Xinming  Liu
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Let P6 denote the induced path on six nodes. We prove that if a perfect graph G contains P6 as an induced subgraph but not two families introduced by Conforti and Cornuéjols then G is bipartite or disconnected, or Ḡ has a star cutset.
Phonon transport and vibrational excitations in amorphous solids
Creators: name: Mizuno, Hideyuki
name: Ikeda, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the long-standing issues concerning the thermal properties of amorphous solids is the complex pattern of phonon transport. Recent advances in experiments and computer simulations have indicated a crossover from Rayleigh scattering to viscous damping. A number of theories have been proposed, yet critical tests are missing and the validity of these theories is unclear. In particular, the precise location of the crossover frequency remains controversial, and more critically, even the validity of the Rayleigh scattering itself has been seriously questioned. The present work settles these issues by using information on the underlying vibrational eigenmodes. Vibrational eigenmodes were recently clarified over a wide frequency regime: a mixture of phonon modes and soft localized modes in the continuum limit and disordered and extended modes in the boson peak regime. Here, we demonstrate that Rayleigh scattering occurs in the continuum limit and viscous damping occurs in the boson peak regime, and these behaviors are therefore linked to the underlying eigenmodes in the corresponding frequency regimes. Our results unambiguously determine the crossover frequency. Furthermore, we establish characteristic scaling laws of phonon transport, which are consistent with the prediction of the mean-field theory at higher frequencies but inconsistent in the low-frequency, Rayleigh scattering regime. Our results therefore reveal crucial issues to be solved with regard to the current theory.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures
Atom Interferometry with up to 24-Photon-Momentum-Transfer Beam Splitters
Creators: name: Mueller, Holger
name: Chiow, Sheng-wey
name: Long, Quan
name: Herrmann, Sven
name: Chu, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present up to 24-photon Bragg diffraction as a beam splitter in light-pulse atom interferometers to achieve the largest splitting in momentum space so far. Relative to the 2-photon processes used in the most sensitive present interferometers, these large momentum transfer beam splitters increase the phase shift 12-fold for Mach-Zehnder (MZ-) and 144-fold for Ramsey-Borde (RB-) geometries. We achieve a high visibility of the interference fringes (up to 52% for MZ or 36% for RB) and long pulse separation times that are possible only in atomic fountain setups. As the atom's internal state is not changed, important systematic effects can cancel.
description: New introduction. 4 pages, 4 figures
Micromagnetic Simulations of Ferromagnetic Rings
Creators: name: Chaves-O'Flynn, Gabriel D.
name: Xiao, Ke
name: Stein, D. L.
name: Kent, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin nanomagnetic rings have generated interest for fundamental studies of magnetization reversal and also for their potential in various applications, particularly as magnetic memories. They are a rare example of a geometry in which an analytical solution for the rate of thermally induced magnetic reversal has been determined, in an approximation whose errors can be estimated and bounded. In this work, numerical simulations of soft ferromagnetic rings are used to explore aspects of the analytical solution. The evolution of the energy near the transition states confirms that, consistent with analytical predictions, thermally induced magnetization reversal can have one of two intermediate states: either constant or soliton-like saddle configurations, depending on ring size and externally applied magnetic field. The results confirm analytical predictions of a transition in thermally activated reversal behavior as magnetic field is varied at constant ring size. Simulations also show that the analytic one dimensional model continues to hold even for wide rings.
High-fidelity state transfer via quantum walks from delocalized states
Creators: name: Engster, João P.
name: Vieira, Rafael
name: Duzzioni, Eduardo I.
name: Amorim, Edgard P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the state transfer through quantum walks placed on a bounded one-dimensional path. We first consider continuous-time quantum walks from a Gaussian state. We find such a state when superposing centered on the starting and antipodal positions preserves a high fidelity for a long time and when sent on large circular graphs. Furthermore, it spreads with a null group velocity. We also explore discrete-time quantum walks to evaluate the qubit fidelity throughout the walk. In this case, the initial state is a product of states between a qubit and a Gaussian superposition of position states. Then, we add two $σ_x$ gates to confine this delocalized qubit. We also find that this bounded system dynamically enables periodic recovery of the initial separable state. We outline some applications of our results in dynamic graphs and propose quantum circuits to implement them based on the available literature.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures, one column
A Broader View of Designing the Liver Allocation System
Creators: name: Akan, Mustafa
name: Oguzhan  Alagoz
name: Baris  Ata
name: Erenay, Fatih Safa
name: Said, Adnan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We consider the problem of designing an efficient system for allocating donated livers to patients waiting for transplantation. The trade-off between medical urgency and efficiency is at the heart of the liver allocation problem. We model the transplant waiting list as a multiclass fluid model of overloaded queues, which captures the disease evolution by allowing the patients to switch between classes, i.e., health levels. We consider the bicriteria objective of minimizing total number of patient deaths while waiting for transplantation (NPDWT) and maximizing total quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) through a weighted combination. On one hand, under the objective of minimizing NPDWT, the current policy of United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) emerges as the optimal policy, providing a theoretical justification for the current practice. On the other hand, under the metric of maximizing QALYs, the optimal policy is an intuitive dynamic index policy that ranks patients based on their marginal benefit from transplantation, i.e., the difference in benefit with versus without transplantation. Finally, we perform a detailed simulation study to compare the performances of our proposed policies and the current UNOS policy along the following metrics: total QALYs, NPDWT, number of patient deaths after transplantation, number of total patient deaths, and number of wasted livers. Numerical experiments show that our proposed policy for maximizing QALYs outperforms the current UNOS policy along all metrics except the NPDWT.
Baryon number violation and a new electroweak interaction
Creators: name: Chernodub, M. N.
name: Niemi, Antti J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new supercurrent in the electroweak sector of the standard model. Its interaction with the hypergauge field influences the mass of the Z boson but has no effect on the W^\pm-boson masses. In the leptonic sector it affects the numerical value of the vector and axial coupling constants between neutral currents and the Z boson, and a comparison with experimental values yields an upper bound to the strength of the coupling between the supercurrent and the hypergauge field. In the baryonic sector the supercurrent gives a new contribution to the anomaly equation for baryon number current. As a consequence it may have an effect on baryogenesis.
description: 4 pages, RevTeX 4.0, no figures; revision: references added, shortened to match the published version
On the Lefschetz Property for quotients by monomial ideals containing squares of variables
Creators: name: Dao, Hailong
name: Nair, Ritika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C25, 05E40, 13E10, 13F55, 13H10

description: Let $Δ$ be an (abstract) simplicial complex on $n$ vertices. One can define the Artinian monomial algebra $A(Δ) = \Bbbk[x_1, \ldots, x_n]/ \langle x_1^2, \ldots, x_n^2, I_Δ \rangle$, where $\Bbbk$ is a field of characteristic $0$ and $I_Δ$ is the Stanley-Reisner ideal associated to $Δ$. In this paper, we aim to characterize the Weak Lefschetz Property (WLP) of $A(Δ)$ in terms of the simplicial complex $Δ$. We are able to completely analyze when WLP holds in degree $1$, complementing work by Migliore, Nagel and Schenck in [MNS2020]. We give a complete characterization of all $2$-dimensional pseudomanifolds $Δ$ such that $A(Δ)$ satisfies WLP. We also construct Artinian Gorenstein algebras that fail WLP by combining our results and the standard technique of Nagata idealization.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
A Branch-and-Price Approach for Graph Multi-Coloring
Creators: name: Anuj  Mehrotra
name: Trick, Michael
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We present a branch-and-price framework for solving the graph multicoloring problem. We propose column generation to implicitly optimize the linear programming relaxation of an independent set formulation (where there is one variable for each independent set in the graph) for graph multi-coloring. This approach, while requiring the solution of a difficult subproblem, is a promising method to obtain good solutions for small to moderate size problems quickly. Some implementation details and initial computational experience are presented.
Topological defects and equation of state of gluon plasma
Creators: name: Chernodub, M. N.
name: Ishiguro, Katsuya
name: Nakamura, Atsushi
name: Sekido, Toru
name: Suzuki, Tsuneo
name: Zakharov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the degrees of freedom associated with magnetic monopole- and vortexlike gluonic configurations make a strong contribution to the anomaly of the energy-momentum tensor of Yang-Mills theory in the deconfinement phase immediately above the critical temperature. As is well known in zero-temperature Yang-Mills theory, the monopoles and vortices are constituents of a generic gluonic object in which the two neighbor monopoles are connected together by a segment of vortex string. Our results provide evidence that the monopole-vortex chains in SU(2) gauge theory and their SU(3) counterparts, the monopole-vortex nets, are thermodynamically relevant degrees of freedom in the gluonic plasma.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, talk presented at the XXV International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 30 - August 4, 2007, Regensburg, Germany
NON-INVASIVE RESPIRATORY MONITORING FOR THE EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN THE POSTOPERATIVE SETTING
Creators: name: Abt, Stevan
name: Graham, Jeffrey
name: Ramirez, Adrian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder that is characterized by periods of inadequate ventilation and apnea resulting from a narrowing of the tissue in the upper airway (Kapur et al., 2017). It is estimated that up to 14% of men and 5% of women from the ages of 30 to 70 years are affected by the condition (Peppard et al., 2013). Despite its significant prevalence, it is estimated that upwards of 90% of patients with OSA may be undiagnosed, which may be problematic for patients presenting for elective surgery (Hiestand et al., 2006). A proposed intervention to help improve the safety of patients with OSA in the postoperative setting is the implementation of non-invasive monitoring of minute ventilation in patients who have been diagnosed with OSA, and patients who have not been diagnosed with OSA but have multiple risk factors identified during preoperative screening. The purpose of this project is to create an evidence-based education workshop to facilitate the appropriate implementation of the ExSpiron non-invasive respiratory monitor in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Importantly, due to the global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the project was unable to be completed as originally planned. If completed in original form, emphasis would have been placed on improving nurse confidence in the appropriate use of the ExSpiron monitor system and management of patients with obstructive breathing patterns. The aims included providing education to PACU staff on the use of this monitoring technology. The project sample would have included all RNs working in the PACU involved in direct patient care who have received an in-service educational session on the ExSpiron monitor. Two educational sessions would have been conducted on separate occasions with a pre- and post-education evaluation. A Likert scale would have been utilized to establish participants’ knowledge level and confidence regarding use of the ExSpiron monitor before and after the education session. As previously discussed, the project was unable to be completed in its original form. Ultimately, it was hypothesized that this could promote the early identification of obstructive breathing patterns, resulting in prompt interventions and increased patient safety.
Characterizing face and flag vector pairs for polytopes
Creators: name: Sjöberg, Hannah
name: Ziegler, Günter M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B05, 52B11

description: Grünbaum, Barnette, and Reay in 1974 completed the characterization of the pairs $(f_i,f_j)$ of face numbers of $4$-dimensional polytopes. Here we obtain a complete characterization of the pairs of flag numbers $(f_0,f_{03})$ for $4$-polytopes. Furthermore, we describe the pairs of face numbers $(f_0,f_{d-1})$ for $d$-polytopes; this description is complete for even $d\ge6$ except for finitely many exceptional pairs that are "small" in a well-defined sense, while for odd $d$ we show that there are also "large" exceptional pairs. Our proofs rely on the insight that "small" pairs need to be defined and to be treated separately; in the $4$-dimensional case, these may be characterized with the help of the characterizations of the $4$-polytopes with at most $8$ vertices by Altshuler and Steinberg (1984).
description: 18 pages; added references, to appear in Discrete Comput. Geom
A Benefit-Cost Analysis of Auto Safety Features
Creators: name: Lave, Lester B.
name: Weber, Warren E.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: THERE HAS been increasing recognition of the cost of the automobile in recent years. With few exceptions (see GALBRAITH, 1958), economists have not quarreled with tile resource expenditure on producing, maintaining, and providing operating facilities for automobiles. These choices are made by consumers in a free society and to disagree with them is to disagree with consumer sovereignty. Associated with the automobile, however, is another cost: the destruction of people and property in accidents. In U.S. auto accidents in 1965 over 32,000 people were killed and about 2,400,000 were injured severely enough to lose time from work. These figures are increased to 50,000 fatalities and 3,600,000 injuries when all motor vehicle accidents are taken into account. In addition, the National Safety Council estimates that 83.1 billion of property damage was done in motor vehicle accidents in 1965.
One-dimensional discrete Hardy and Rellich inequalities on integers
Creators: name: Gupta, Shubham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider a weighted version of one-dimensional discrete Hardy inequalities with power weights of the form $n^α$. We prove the inequality when $α$ is an even natural number with the sharp constant and remainder terms. We also find explicit constants in standard and weighted Rellich inequalities and its higher order versions. As a by-product of this work we derive a combinatorial identity using purely analytic methods. This suggests a correlation between combinatorial identities and functional identities.
description: Constant in the Lemma 3.5 corrected. This changed the constants in some of the main theorems; in particular the constant in Corollary 2.4 is 5/16 instead of previous incorrect value of 8/16. Few additional details added and some minor layout changes. This version appears in Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications