cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Technology Development for Semi-Arid Sub-Saharan Africa: Theory, Performance and Constraints
Creators: name: Sanders, John H.
name: Ramaswamy, Sunder
name: Shapiro, Barry I.
name: Sanders, John H.
name: Ramaswamy, Sunder
name: Shapiro, Barry I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The paper proposes a theory of technology development for semi-arid regions. It then evaluates the theory by reviewing the characteristics of technologies successfully introduced into the regions and, with modeling, identifying some constraints to further technology introduction of the type proposed. Some specific policy recommendations to accelerate technology introduction are recommended.
Staggered domain wall fermions
Creators: name: Fleming, G. T.
name: Vranas, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Staggered Domain Wall Fermions (SDWF) combine the attractive chiral properties of staggered fermions with those of domain wall fermions. SDWF describe four flavors with exact U(1)xU(1) flavor chiral symmetry. An extra lattice dimension is introduced and the full SU(4)xSU(4) flavor chiral symmetry is recovered as its size is increased. Here, the free theory of SDWF is described and a preliminary discussion of the interacting case is presented. SDWF may be well suited for numerical simulation of lattice QCD thermodynamics.
description: 6 pages, Lattice2001(chiral)
Evaluation of the economic impact of Flora Fauna Habitat -management plans in forest enterprises in Germany
Creators: name: Gerst, J
name: Mohring, B
name: Gerst, J
name: Mohring, B
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: In Germany approximately 17 % of the total forest area is part of the European Natura 2000 nature conservation network and designated under the FFH-Directive or the Birds Directive. The objective is ”to maintain or restore, at favorable conservation status, natural habitats and species of wild fauna and flora of Community interest”. While FFH-areas have been designated by the Bundesländer for several years, management plans have only recently been formulated. Within the research program”FFH-Impact” 2 several FFH-management plans from different Bundesländer in Germany were analyzed with regard to the economic outcome of forest enterprises. The most relevant restrictions on forest utilization that occur are: the conservation of habitat trees, restrictions in the change of tree species and the preservation of mature stands. This paper describes an approach to appraise the financial losses of forest-land owners caused by the requirements of FFH-management plans by means of an exemplary forest enterprise and discusses the consequences with respect to financial compensations from contract based nature conservation. The economic valuation of the different FFH-measures was conducted according to the capitalized earning value concept. For this an Excel-based calculation-program was further developed. The model determines yield differentials between a reference development and the development due to the FFH-management plan for affected areas by calculation annuities based on a wide variety of natural and economic variables.
Hessemydas seyrigi
Creators: name: Kondratieff, B. C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Mydidae
Hessemydas
Hessemydas seyrigi

description: Hessemydas seyrigi (Séguy)
 Leptomydas seyrigi Séguy 1960: 154. Type locality: Madagascar, Tuléar Prov., Behara.
 Afroleptomydas seyrigi, (Séguy) – Bowden 1980: 330.
 Hessemydas seyrigi (Séguy) – Kondratieff, Carr and Irwin 2005: 3.
 Hessemydas tulear Kondratieff, Carr and Irwin 2005: 3. Type locality: Madagascar: Tuléar Prov., Ifaty. new synonymy.
 Comments. Séguy (1960) described H. seyrigi from a single male specimen and his original description did not include any specific details of the genitalia, characters necessary for species identification. Kondratieff et al. (2005) provided a complete description of the male of this species under H. tulear, including providing illustrations of the genitalia. Comparison of recently collected specimens (Kondratieff et al. 2005) with the holotype of H. seyrigi indicated only one difference that the pilosity of the face of the holotype is predominantly black, whereas all other material examined exhibited white to yellow pilosity. The holotype specimen appears to be slightly greased.
description: Published as part of Kondratieff, B. C., 2009, A new synonymy and a new species of Mydidae (Diptera) from Madagascar, pp. 65-67 in Zootaxa 2325 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2325.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5309793
High RSF1 protein expression is an independent prognostic feature in prostate cancer
Creators: name: Höflmayer, Doris
name: Moslim Hamuda
name: Schroeder, Cornelia
name: Hube-Magg, Claudia
name: Simon, Ronald
name: Göbel, Cosima
name: Hinsch, Andrea
name: Weidemann, Sören
name: Möller, Katharina
name: Izbicki, Jacob R.
name: Jacobsen, Frank
name: Mandelkow, Tim
name: Blessin, Niclas C.
name: Lutz, Florian
name: Viehweger, Florian
name: Sauter, Guido
name: Burandt, Eike
name: Lebok, Patrick
name: Lennartz, Maximilian
name: Fraune, Christoph
name: Minner, Sarah
name: Bonk, Sarah
name: Huland, Hartwig
name: Graefen, Markus
name: Schlomm, Thorsten
name: Büscheck, Franziska
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Background: Remodelling and spacing factor 1 (RSF1) is involved in the regulation of chromatin remodelling and represents a potential therapeutic target. High RSF1 expression has been linked to adverse tumour features in many cancer types, but its role in prostate cancer is uncertain. Methods: In this study, RSF1 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray with 17,747 prostate cancers. Results: Nuclear RSF1 staining of 16,456 interpetable cancers was considered strong, moderate, weak and negative in 25.2%, 48.7%, 5.3% and 20.8% of cancers respectively. Positive RSF1 expression was associated with advanced tumour stage, high Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis (p p p p Conclusion: In summary, the results of our study identify RSF1 as an independent prognostic marker in prostate cancer with a particularly strong role in ERG negative cases.
Luminosity profiles of advanced mergers of galaxies using 2MASS data
Creators: name: Chitre, Aparna
name: Jog, Chanda J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sample of 27 disturbed galaxies that show signs of interaction but have a single nucleus were selected from the Arp and the Arp-Madore catalogues. For these, the K_s band images from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) are analysed to obtain their radial luminosity profiles and other structural parameters. We find that in spite of their similar optical appearance, the sample galaxies vary in their dynamical properties, and fall into two distinct classes. The first class consists of galaxies which can be described by a single r^{1/4} law and the second class consists of galaxies that show an outer exponential disk. A few galaxies that have disturbed profiles cannot be fit into either of the above classes. However, all the galaxies are similar in all other parameters such as the far-infrared colours, the molecular hydrogen content and the central velocity dispersion. Thus, the dynamical parameters of these sets seem to be determined by the ratio of the initial masses of the colliding galaxies. We propose that the galaxies in the first class result from a merger of spiral galaxies of equal masses whereas the second class of galaxies results from a merger of unequal mass galaxies. The few objects that do not fall into either category show a disturbed luminosity profile and a wandering centre, which is indicative of these being unrelaxed mergers. Of the 27 galaxies in our sample, 9 show elliptical-like profiles and 13 show an outer exponential. Interestingly, Arp 224, the second oldest merger remnant of the Toomre sequence shows an exponential disk in the outer parts.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, uses aastex, to appear in A&A
Flowing to $\mathcal{N}=3$ Chern--Simons-matter theory
Creators: name: Guarino, Adolfo
name: Tarrio, Javier
name: Varela, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New renormalisation group flows of three-dimensional Chern--Simons theories with a single gauge group $\textrm{SU}(N)$ and adjoint matter are found holographically. These RG flows have an infrared fixed point given by a CFT with $\mathcal{N}=3$ supersymmetry and $\text{SU}(2)$ flavour symmetry. The ultraviolet fixed point is again described by a CFT with either $\mathcal{N}=2$ and $\text{SU}(3)$ symmetry or $\mathcal{N}=1$ and $\text{G}_{2}$ symmetry. The gauge/gravity duals of these RG flows are constructed as domain-wall solutions of a gauged supergravity model in four dimensions that enjoys an embedding into massive IIA supergravity. A concrete RG flow that brings a mass deformation of the $\mathcal{N}=2$ CFT into the $\mathcal{N}=3$ CFT at low energies is described in detail.
description: 25 pages plus appendices, 4 figures and 5 tables. v2. Minor corrections and appendix A extended with a discussion on two new supersymmetric vacua. v3. Published text
Novel mechanisms for buffering the haemodynamic effects of dietary salt and the relevance of skin sodium in humans
Creators: name: Selvarajah, Viknesh
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Skin
sodium
VEGF-C
Blood pressure

description: Background: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in the United Kingdom and it remains an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Dietary sodium is an important trigger for hypertension and humans show a heterogeneous blood pressure (BP) response to salt intake. The mechanisms for this have not been fully explained, with renal sodium handling thought to play a central role. Animal studies have shown that dietary salt loading results in Na+ accumulation and lymphangiogenesis in skin mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), both attenuating the rise in BP. This represents an additional system for maintaining BP and volume homeostasis in response to salt load. The focus of this thesis is to determine whether these dermal mechanisms exist in humans. Methods: The technique of measuring skin Na+ and K+ using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was developed in a pilot study of healthy adults. In a further study in healthy adults, the effects of dietary salt modulation on skin Na+, the effect of sex and the relationship between skin Na+ and haemodynamic parameters and plasma VEGF-C were studied. Skin Na+ concentrations were expressed as the ratio Na+:K+ to correct for variability in sample hydration. The effect of dietary salt intake on skin gene expression of factors that potentially influence BP such as VEGF-C and the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) transcription system was assessed, exploring possible mechanisms linking skin Na+ to haemodynamic variables. Results: Skin Na+:K+ increased with dietary salt loading and this effect appeared to be greater in men while only women showed a rise in ambulatory mean BP. Skin Na+:K+ correlated with blood pressure, stroke volume and peripheral vascular resistance in men, but not in women. No change was noted in plasma vascular endothelial growth factor-C. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the skin may buffer dietary Na+, reducing the hemodynamic consequences of increased salt and this may be influenced by sex. Skin Na+ may influence blood pressure, stroke volume and PVR.
description: British Heart Foundation National Institute for Health Research
Measuring the Spectra of High Energy Neutrinos with a Kilometer-Scale Neutrino Telescope
Creators: name: Hooper, D.
name: Nunokawa, H.
name: Peres, O. L. G.
name: Funchal, R. Zukanovich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the potential of a future kilometer-scale neutrino telescope such as the proposed IceCube detector in the South Pole, to measure and disentangle the yet unknown components of the cosmic neutrino flux, the prompt atmospheric neutrinos coming from the decay of charmed particles and the extra-galactic neutrinos, in the 10 TeV to 1 EeV energy range. Assuming a power law type spectra, $dϕ_ν/dE_ν\sim αE_ν^β$, we quantify the discriminating power of the IceCube detector and discuss how well we can determine magnitude ($α$) as well as slope ($β$) of these two components of the high energy neutrino spectrum, taking into account the background coming from the conventional atmospheric neutrinos.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
title: Robert C. Gallo, "Memo Regarding Chronological Summary of Experiments Leading to the Isolation of HTLV-III from AIDS and ARC" : chronologie de l'affaire - Capture d'écran 1
Creators: name: Gallo, Robert C. (1937-....)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Chronologie, fichier html converti en pdf (2 fichiers) du site de Jon Cohen AIDS Research Collection.
description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-20193111235510312
description: Relation: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cohenaids/5571095.0541.047/1?page=root;rgn=full%20text;size=100;view=image;q1=leibowitch
Evaluation of mRNA expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity using a three-dimensional hepatocyte culture system
Creators: name: Taniguchi, Mariko
name: Miyamoto, Hirotaka
name: Tokunaga, Ayako
name: Fumoto, Shintaro
name: Tanaka, Takashi
name: Koyo Nishida
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: 1. The expression and activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes are known to affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs metabolized in the liver. Here, we assessed the effect of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity on the mRNA expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and elucidated the underlying mechanism using three-dimensional (3D) cultures of HepG2 cells. 2. 3D culture cells enabled us to establish an in vitro model of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity which showed the increase in N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cellular injury. 3. In this 3D culture model, APAP treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450 [CYP]3A4, CYP2E1 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6) and their nuclear receptors (pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor) compared with untreated cells. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine, a therapeutic agent for APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, suppressed these increases. In addition, the mRNA expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and nuclear receptors were elevated depending on the concentration of H2O2, one of ROS involved in the development of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The mRNA expression of nuclear receptors increased before that of drug-metabolizing enzymes. 4. In conclusion, ROS may induce the mRNA expression of nuclear receptors and promote the transcription of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the in vitro model of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
Knowledge Discovery Through Spoken Dialog
Creators: name: Kumar Pappu, Aasish
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences
classificationCode: 460208
subject: Natural language processing

description: People can acquire knowledge not only from media such as books, but also through interactions with other people. Automated dialog agents, however, typically limit their learning from labeled data, and programming.This thesis describes an approach that enables such agents to actively acquire new knowledge through spoken dialog interaction. To acquire knowledge in different situations, we propose several key dialog-driven strategies that include user-initiated, system-detected and system-initiated processes. Using these techniques, an agent can acquire domain-specific knowledge both from the public domain (through open domain knowledge bases) and in the informal space (through human users). Our approach incorporates two sets of techniques:First, we design techniques that allow a spoken dialog agent to detect when an interaction contains unknown entities. These unknowns can manifest as unseen words/phrases, or unseen references to known entities. We use various spoken dialog features to detect and handle unknown entities. We then use open-domain knowledge bases and appropriate semantic-relatedness measures to deal with unknown references to known entities.Second, we show that our novel conversational strategies allow our agent to acquire additional information about detected unknowns, which can improve the execution of appropriate dialog tasks. These strategies are designed to support two primary goals: (i) Validate the genuineness of detected unknowns, (ii) Elicit relevant information about these unknowns. In this thesis we show that the proposed strategies are effective, and useful. We demonstrate their effectiveness through a system that solicits situational information to augment its knowledge base from its users in a domain that provides information on events. We find that this knowledge is consistent and useful and that it provides reliable information to users.Together these techniques allow agents to use spoken dialog capabilities to acquire and extend their knowledge bases of language and world knowledge without the need for expert intervention.
AELM Framework: NOx Conversion Prediction for SCR Catalysts
Creators: name: Tong, Cheng Zheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Supervised Machine Learning
subject: selective catalytic reduction
subject: textmining

description: This project implements an Adaptive Extreme Learning Machine (AELM) framework for predicting Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) conversion rates in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. The framework integrates text mining techniques to automatically extract SCR catalyst data from scientific literature, utilizing this data for model training and prediction.
Market Creation for Certified Forest Products - Literature Review
Creators: name: Holopainen, J
name: Holopainen, J
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: forest certification
subject: certified forest products
subject: market creation
subject: consumer analysis

description: The global environmental awareness has become the most important driver for sustainable development also in the forestry sector, which has reproduced interest in Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) and Certified Forest Products (CFPs). However, the initial objectives set for the forest certification have not been met on a large-scale and markets for CFPs have developed unequally in different countries, as will become apparent in this review. As the underlying assumption behind the forest certification is that consumers are concerned about the state of forests and that such attitudes are reflected in their purchase decisions, it is reasonable to concentrate on consumer behaviour when examining the market creation for CFPs. The review shows that even though more elaborate consumer research methods have been applied recently, many of the empirical results are from the 1990s and up-to-date comprehensive results do not exist. Furthermore, the existing literate on consumer research on CFPs offer widely conflicting results. This review tries to build understanding on the fundaments in the market creation for CFPs and to include some new dimensions to existing consumer surveys from other disciplines in order to find missing factors determining consumer behaviour and purchase of CFPs. Based on this review, some of the factors that could be better incorporated in the consumer research on CFPs include 1) competitive product characteristics from consumer perspective, 2) consumer awareness over the forest certification and sustainable forest management, and 3) consumer perceptions on the different institutions and actors involved in forest certification including supplier characteristics. In order to make more realistic comparisons between the different market areas also 4) country-wise economic and social indicators and 5) cultural factors could be better incorporated in the future research on consumer preferences and dissemination of forest certification. Further knowledge about the consumers’ preferences and perceptions on CFPs in Scandinavian markets and on forest certification in general could be utilised to develop the attributes of certified products and services of forest certification associations. Furthermore, an in-depth knowledge about the nature of consumer preferences could be used in marketing CFPs.
Spatially-resolved studies of nearby star-forming galaxies
Creators: name: Kumari, Nimisha
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Star-forming galaxies
Blue Compact dwarf galaxies
Metallicity calibrators
Schmidt Law of star-formation
Galaxy formation and evolution
Integral field Spectroscopy

description: Spatially-resolved studies of nearby star-forming galaxies are essential to understand various physical and chemical phenomena at play in the interstellar medium in the galaxies, and consequently to obtain a comprehensive picture of galaxy formation and evolution. In this thesis, I perform spatially-resolved analyses of chemical abundances and star-formation in nearby star-forming galaxies – blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs) and spiral galaxies. I map various properties of H II regions and the surrounding gas within three BCDs, using integral field spectroscopic (IFS) data from the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph-North. While answering questions related to chemical homogeneity, ionisation mechanisms and stellar populations within BCDs, I address more profound issues, which go beyond the characterisation of studied BCDs and aim to explain global phenomena with broader implications. The BCD NGC 4449 hosts a metal-poor central star-forming region, which I explain by various scenarios related to the interplay between star-formation, metal-distribution and gas dynamics within galaxies. The BCD NGC 4670 shows an unusual negative relationship between the nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio and oxygen abundance at spatially-resolved scales. I explore this relation with chemical evolution models and by comparison to other star-forming galaxies and suggest that nitrogen enrichment, variations in star-formation efficiency or hydrodynamical effects may be responsible for the observed relation. For another BCD, SBS 1415+437, the spatially-resolved abundances on average agree with the integrated abundance, implying that low-redshift spatially-resolved results may be directly compared with unresolved high-redshift results. I study spiral galaxies to address long-standing issues related to the reliability of metallicity calibrators and the Schmidt Law of star-formation. Using IFS data of twenty-four spiral galaxies taken with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer, I find that the current strong-line metallicity calibrators for H II regions are unsuitable for regions dominated by diffuse ionised gas (DIG). I devise new recipes for estimating the metal-content of the DIG. For another set of nine spiral galaxies, I use multi-wavelength data to show that the spatially-resolved Schmidt relation is very sensitive to the consideration of diffuse background, which is a component unrelated to the current star-formation. Removal of this component from the SFR tracers and the atomic gas results in similar local and global Schmidt relation. To conclude, the spatially-resolved analyses presented in this thesis have led to discoveries and further questions, which I will address in my ongoing and future works.
Sub-nanosecond, time-resolved, broadband infrared spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation
Creators: name: Lobo, R. P. S. M.
name: LaVeigne, J. D.
name: Reitze, D. H.
name: Tanner, D. B.
name: Carr, G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A facility for sub-nanosecond time-resolved (pump-probe) infrared spectroscopy has been developed at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory. A mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser produces 2 ps duration, tunable near-IR pump pulses synchronized to probe pulses from a synchrotron storage ring. The facility is unique on account of the broadband infrared from the synchrotron, which allows the entire spectral range from 2 cm-1 (0.25 meV) to 20,000 cm-1 (2.5 eV) to be probed. A temporal resolution of 200 ps, limited by the infrared synchrotron-pulse duration, is achieved. A maximum time delay of 170 ns is available without gating the infrared detector. To illustrate the performance of the facility, a measurement of electron-hole recombination dynamics for an HgCdTe semiconductor film in the far- and mid infrared range is presented.
description: 11 pages with 9 figures included
The role of concepts in reforming practical forestry in Finland - from social sustainability to ecosystem approach
Creators: name: Hytönen, M
name: Hytönen, M
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: sustainable forestry
subject: social dimension
subject: forestry organisations
subject: forest policy

description: The social dimension of sustainable forestry has repeatedly been regarded as difficult to comprehend. However, the social and societal considerations within forestry have been steadily evolving during the past decades intertwined as well with the overall global social development efforts as with the innovations produced by various practical grassroots forestry actors. The recent new concepts of ecosystem approach and ecosystem services provide new insights into the social complexity of forestry. The main part of the article describes recent developments related to the above mentioned concepts in Finland both nationally and in state-owned and private forests. The article is finalised by conclusions concerning the role of concepts as tools for promoting forestry’s contribution to sustainable development.
Do Distinct Cosmological Models Predict Degenerate Halo Populations?
Creators: name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Tinker, Jeremy L.
name: Weinberg, David H.
name: Berlind, Andreas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using cosmological N-body simulations, we investigate the influence of the matter density parameter Omega_m and the linear theory power spectrum P(k) on statistical properties of the dark matter halo population -- the mass function n(M), the halo correlation function, and halo pairwise velocity statistics. For fixed P(k), the effect of changing Omega_m is simple: the halo mass scale M_* shifts in proportion to Omega_m, pairwise velocities (at fixed M/M_*) are proportional to Omega_m^{0.6}, and halo clustering at fixed M/M_* is unchanged. If one simultaneously changes the P(k) amplitude sigma_8 to maintain a "cluster normalization" condition sigma_8 x Omega_m^{0.5} = const, then n(M) stays approximately constant near M ~ 5e14 Msun, and halo clustering and pairwise velocities are similar at fixed M. However, the shape of n(M) changes, with a decrease of Omega_m from 0.3 to 0.2 producing a ~30% drop in the number of low mass halos. One can preserve the shape of n(M) over a large dynamic range by changing the shape of P(k), but the required changes are substantial, and they significantly alter the halo clustering and halo velocities. The sensitivity of the dark halo population to cosmological model parameters has encouraging implications for efforts to constrain cosmology and galaxy bias with observed galaxy clustering, since the predicted changes in the halo population cannot easily be masked by altering the way that galaxies occupy halos. A shift in Omega_m alone would be detected by any dynamically sensitive clustering statistic; a cluster normalized change to sigma_8 and Omega_m would require a change in galaxy occupation as a function of M/M_*, which would alter galaxy clustering; and a simultaneous change to P(k) that preserves the halo mass function would change the clustering of the halos themselves.
description: 32 pages, 16 figures (14 eps files + 2 jpg files). Minor changes and references added. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Version with full resolution figures available at http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~zhengz/halo.html
Investigation of the role of antagonism of the Interleukin-7 Receptor in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis in Humans and In Vitro differences between genetically stratified subjects based on Interleukin-7 Receptor Genotype
Creators: name: Kousin-Ezewu, Onajite
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Interleukin-7
Multiple Sclerosis
Alemtuzumab
CAMTHY
Interleukin-7 Receptor

description: Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease mediated by activated lymphocytes entering the central nervous system. Treatments with the greatest efficacy either prevent the entry of activated lymphocytes, or deplete the lymphocyte population, before allowing lymphocyte reconstitution. IL-7Rα was identified by genetic studies in MS pathogenesis and is involved in the homeostasis and proliferation of lymphocytes. This thesis investigates the role of antagonism of IL-7Rα in the treatment of MS in humans and in vitro differences between genetically stratified subjects based on IL-7Rα genotype. It also explores the role for biomarkers during reconstitution of lymphocytes after Alemtuzumab treatment in MS, in which IL-7Rα plays a major role. Chapter 3 describes the prematurely aborted clinical trial of subjects with an IL-7Rα antagonist. This first-time-in-human trial demonstrated the drug was safe and well tolerated in this limited cohort of subjects. Chapter 4 investigated the differences between individuals based on IL-7Rα genotype with in vitro IL-7Rα antagonism and stimulation. It demonstrated greater activation through IL-7Rα in individuals with the protective genotype. Differences in negative feedback mechanisms of IL-7Rα were explored. Chapter 5 investigated the tolerability of palifermin, a keratinocyte growth factor, with alemtuzumab, which was well tolerated as part of a dose escalation sub-study of the CAMTHY trial. The main CAMTHY trial investigated if palifermin could cause increased thymic lymphopoiesis, offsetting the IL-7 driven homeostatic proliferation of lymphocytes and secondary autoimmunity associated with alemtuzumab. Chapter 6 investigated the use of CD4+ lymphocytes as a biomarker for relapses after Alemtuzumab treatment. This contradicted the findings of a previously published paper, using a much larger cohort of patients in Cambridge. This work underlines the importance of IL-7 in the pathogenesis and treatment of MS. It points towards the IL-7Rα pathway as a future avenue for biomarkers and novel treatments for MS.
Robust Stability of Multicomponent Membranes: the Role of Glycolipids
Creators: name: Chen, Yuan
name: Doelman, Arjen
name: Promislow, Keith
name: Veerman, Frits
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35G50, 35P20, 35Q92

description: We present the multicomponent functionalized free energies that characterize the low-energy packings of amphiphilic molecules within a membrane through a correspondence to connecting orbits within a reduced dynamical system. To each connecting orbits we associate a manifold of low energy membrane-type configurations parameterized by a large class of admissible interfaces. The normal coercivity of the manifolds is established through criteria depending solely on the structure of the associated connecting orbit. We present a class of examples that arise naturally from geometric singular perturbation techniques, focusing on a model that characterizes the stabilizing role of cholesterol-like glycolipids within phospholipid membranes.
Forest owners’ decision support for voluntary conservation – the present state and tensions among purposeful action models in Finland
Creators: name: Kumela, H.
name: Hujala, T.
name: Rantala, M.
name: Pyalainen, J.
name: Kumela, H.
name: Hujala, T.
name: Rantala, M.
name: Pyalainen, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: biodiversity
subject: decision support
subject: family forest owners
subject: forest planning
subject: soft systems methodology

description: The ongoing Forest Biodiversity Programme METSO largely relies on voluntary participation of family forest owners. In the METSO programme, forest owners have the power to decide upon conservation, in contrast to traditional top-down programmes. Forest owners can get advice and information about conservation practices from a wide range of forestry and environmental professionals, who should help owners to make decisions that respond to their values and needs. The study at hand examines the present situation of how the nature values are taken into account in advisory services in Finland. It was designed based on soft systems methodology (SSM). Semi-structured interviews and observations of actual service encounters in forest were conducted in seven practical organizations. Qualitative analyses of the material helped to compile and combine conceptual models of the present state and observe tensions between actors’ purposeful action models. METSO programme’s voluntary-based conservation agreements and forest owners’ ability to make initiative about conservation, has been accepted positively among forest owners and authorities. Nevertheless, nature values planning and conservation depends a lot on the actors’ and organizations’ worldviews and operational practices, which could lead to a situation where forest owners get different kind of information and guidance depending on organizations they were contacted with. Nature values conservation is not yet fully internalized and knowledge about different voluntary conservation alternatives varies among actors. There is an obvious need for trainings, guiding material and practical decision-support tools for introducing nature values conservation alternatives.
Charge Ordering Due to Magnetic Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Solovyev, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that both transitions observed in 50%-doped manganites, at the Néel temperature ($T_{\rm N}$) and the so-called charge ordering temperature ($T_{\rm CO}$), are magnetic. $T_{\rm N}$ corresponds to the order-disorder transition, which takes place between ferromagnetic zigzag chains, while the coherent motion of spins within the chains is destroyed only around $T_{\rm CO}$. The magnetic structure realized below $T_{\rm CO}$ is highly anisotropic. It is dressed by the lattice distortion and leads to huge anisotropy of the electronic structure, which explains stability of this state as well as the form of charge-orbital pattern above $T_{\rm N}$. The type of phase transition at $T_{\rm N}$ depends on lattice interactions.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Intrinsic correlation of halo ellipticity and its implications for large-scale weak lensing surveys
Creators: name: Jing, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a large set of state-of-the-art cosmological N-body simulations [512^3 particles] to study the intrinsic ellipticity correlation functions of halos. With the simulations of different resolutions, we find that the ellipticity correlations converge once the halos have more than 160 members. For halos with fewer members, the correlations are underestimated, and the underestimation amounts to a factor of 2 when the halos have only 20 particles. After correcting for the resolution effects, we show that the ellipticity correlations of halos in the bigger box (L=300 mpc) agree very well with those obtained in the smaller box (L=100 mpc). Combining these results from the different simulation boxes, we present accurate fitting formulae for the ellipticity correlation function c_{11}(r) and for the projected correlation functions Sigma_{11}(r_p) and Sigma_{22}(r_p) over three orders of magnitude in halo mass. The latter two functions are useful for predicting the contribution of the intrinsic correlations to deep lensing surveys. With reasonable assumptions for the redshift distribution of galaxies and for the mass of galaxies, we find that the intrinsic ellipticity correlation can contribute significantly not only to shallow surveys but also to deep surveys. Our results indicate that previous similar studies significantly underestimated this contribution for their limited simulation resolutions.
description: 5 pages with 3 figures; minor revisions, accepted for publication in MNRAS (Letters)
Dynamical Heart Beat Correlations during Running
Creators: name: Molkkari, Matti
name: Angelotti, Giorgio
name: Emig, Thorsten
name: Räsänen, Esa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Fluctuations of the human heart beat constitute a complex system that has been studied mostly under resting conditions using conventional time series analysis methods. During physical exercise, the variability of the fluctuations is reduced, and the time series of beat-to-beat RR intervals (RRIs) become highly non-stationary. Here we develop a dynamical approach to analyze the time evolution of RRI correlations in running across various training and racing events under real-world conditions. In particular, we introduce dynamical detrended fluctuation analysis and dynamical partial autocorrelation functions, which are able to detect real-time changes in the scaling and correlations of the RRIs as functions of the scale and the lag. We relate these changes to the exercise intensity quantified by the heart rate (HR). Beyond subject-specific HR thresholds the RRIs show multiscale anticorrelations with both universal and individual scale-dependent structure that is potentially affected by the stride frequency. These preliminary results are encouraging for future applications of the dynamical statistical analysis in exercise physiology and cardiology, and the presented methodology is also applicable across various disciplines.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Quality and Cost of Ginning American-Egyptian Cotton, Seasons 1952-53 and 1953-54
Creators: name: St. Clair, James S.
name: Roberts, Arthur L.
name: St. Clair, James S.
name: Roberts, Arthur L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1957
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: This study compares the quality of services and the costs of some of the newer, more elaborately equipped plants with those of gins with only a moderate amount of cleaning equipment, and also some older gins with very simple equipment. Performance is compared both for hand-picked and machine-picked cotton, because the type of gin equipped to do the best job on machine-picked cotton may not be most suitable for hand-picked cotton, and vice versa. Thirteen gins were selected out of 21 in operation in the area studied at the time this project was begun. This area embraces the Trans-Pecos area of Texas, the Mesilla Valley of New Mexico, and central Arizona. Gins were divided into four groups of elaborately, moderately (two groups), and simply equipped cotton gins. Measurable differences between the quality of ginning services performed by gins with simple, moderate, or elaborate equipment were relatively small except in the case of formation of neps (tiny tangled masses of fiber). The more elaborately equipped gins in each area appeared to be slightly more effective in removing foreign matter from machine-picked seed cotton than the more simply equipped gins. With regard to moisture content removal and other measures of performance there was no consistent pattern by gin groups.
Borrowing of information across patient subgroups in a basket trial based on distributional discrepancy
Creators: name: Zheng, Haiyan
name: Wason, James M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Basket trials have emerged as a new class of efficient approaches in oncology to evaluate a new treatment in several patient subgroups simultaneously. In this paper, we extend the key ideas to disease areas outside of oncology, developing a robust Bayesian methodology for randomised, placebo-controlled basket trials with a continuous endpoint to enable borrowing of information across subtrials with similar treatment effects. After adjusting for covariates, information from a complementary subtrial can be represented into a commensurate prior for the parameter that underpins the subtrial under consideration. We propose using distributional discrepancy to characterise the commensurability between subtrials for appropriate borrowing of information through a spike-and-slab prior, which is placed on the prior precision factor. When the basket trial has at least three subtrials, commensurate priors for point-to-point borrowing are combined into a marginal predictive prior, according to the weights transformed from the pairwise discrepancy measures. In this way, only information from subtrial(s) with the most commensurate treatment effect is leveraged. The marginal predictive prior is updated to a robust posterior by the contemporary subtrial data to inform decision making. Operating characteristics of the proposed methodology are evaluated through simulations motivated by a real basket trial in chronic diseases. The proposed methodology has advantages compared to other selected Bayesian analysis models, for (i) identifying the most commensurate source of information, and (ii) gauging the degree of borrowing from specific subtrials. Numerical results also suggest that our methodology can improve the precision of estimates and, potentially, the statistical power for hypothesis testing.
description: A submitted paper with 15 pages, 2 figures and 2 tables
Performance Bonds in Tropical Timber Concessions: Encouraging the Adoption of Reduced Impact Logging Techniques
Creators: name: Kuusela, O.P.
name: Amacher, G.S.
name: Moeltner, K.
name: Kuusela, O.P.
name: Amacher, G.S.
name: Moeltner, K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Environmental Bonds
subject: Capital Constraints
subject: Sustainable Forest Management
subject: RIL
subject: REDD+

description: We examine the use of performance bonds in tropical forest concessions. Bonds are a promising new policy instrument that have been discussed in several articles and used in some cases as a way of encouraging adoption of sustainable forest management practices, including reduced impact logging methods, and have been proposed due to apparent failures of traditional Pigouvian instruments. Our research examines the impact of three practical complications hindering the effective adoption of bonding schemes: harvester participation constraints, government repayment risk, and imperfect enforcement. By building a simple two-stage analytical model, we first highlight the role of participation constraints in the concession bond design problem. Model simulations are used to examine policy implications such as potential for REDD+ payments in improving the bonding outcomes, and how high these payments should be in order to guarantee full compliance with reduced impact logging.
Research Trends in Vernacular Architecture: A bibliometric study
Creators: name: Ebrahim, Nader Ale
name: Seyedh Mahboobeh Jamali
name: Caldieron, Jean Martin
name: Benkari, Naima
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 120105 Architecture Management
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 120199 Architecture not elsewhere classified
subject: 120502 History and Theory of the Built Environment (excl. Architecture)
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography

description: Research about vernacular architecture is constantly evolving to include new building typologies, geographic regions, and new research approaches. The purpose of this paper is to examine the scientific literature in this field and identify the aspects and regions that might need investigation and the disciplines that can be involved in future research. A systematic analysis of published research about the topic was performed through a bibliometric methodology. Data related to more than 700 published articles was collected from the Web of Science and SCOPUS. Further computerized analysis was made to investigate the different characters of the collected data, such as the themes investigated, countries of the most published papers and the scientific fields involved in this research during the past 70 years. The results show that the published scientific literature about vernacular architecture is progressively expanding, specifically after the turn of the third millennium. Research about this topic is not confined within the Humanities anymore. Rather, it has extended to include the field of “hard” sciences as well. It is being invested by multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches. The present research also reveals a shift in the center of production of scientific literature, about the vernacular architecture from North America to Asia.