cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Galileo between Jesuits: The Fault is in the Stars
Creators: name: Graney, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the middle of the seventeenth century, André Tacquet, S.J. briefly discussed a scientific argument regarding the structure of a Copernican universe, and commented on Galileo Galilei's discussion of that same argument -- Galileo's discussion in turn being a commentary on a version of the argument by Christoph Scheiner, S.J. The argument was based on observations of the sizes of stars. This exchange involving Galileo and two Jesuits illustrates how through much of the seventeenth century, science -- meaning observations measurements, and calculations -- supported a view of the Copernican universe in which stars were not other suns, but were dim bodies, far larger than the sun. Johannes Kepler emphasized this, especially in arguing against Giordano Bruno. Jesuit astronomers like Tacquet and Scheiner understood this. Those who might have listened to Jesuit astronomers would likewise have understood this -- Robert Bellarmine, for example, whose role in the debate over Copernicanism is well known. To many, such a universe was, in the words of Galileo's Dialogue character Sagredo, "beyond belief," and no modern view of a universe of many distant suns would be scientifically supportable until after Tacquet's death in 1660. The Copernican universe of the seventeenth century looked radically different from the universe as modern astronomers understand it, and recognizing this fact allows for interesting questions to be asked regarding the actions of those, such as Bellarmine, who were responding to the work of Copernicus.
description: 39 pages, 10 figures -- originally published in the Catholic Historical Review, Volume 107, Number 2, Spring 2021 -- posted to arXiv after six months in accordance with CHR policy
The normal field instability under side-wall effects: comparison of experiments and computations
Creators: name: Gollwitzer, C
name: Spyropoulos, A N
name: Papathanasiou, A G
name: Boudouvis, A G
name: Richter, R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a single spike of ferrofluid, arising in a small cylindrical container, when a vertically oriented magnetic field is applied. The height of the spike as well as the surface topography is measured experimentally by two different technologies and calculated numerically using the finite element method. As a consequence of the finite size of the container, the numerics uncovers an imperfect bifurcation to a single spike solution, which is forward. This is in contrast to the standard transcritical bifurcation to hexagons, common for rotational symmetric systems with broken up-down symmetry. The numerical findings are corroborated in the experiments. The small hysteresis observed is explained in terms of a hysteretic wetting of the side wall.
description: accepted to New Journal of Physics
Waveform-Defined Security: A Low-Cost Framework for Secure Communications
Creators: name: Xu, Tongyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Communication security could be enhanced at physical layer but at the cost of complex algorithms and redundant hardware, which would render traditional physical layer security (PLS) techniques unsuitable for use with resource-constrained communication systems. This work investigates a waveform-defined security (WDS) framework, which differs fundamentally from traditional PLS techniques used in today's systems. The framework is not dependent on channel conditions such as signal power advantage and channel state information (CSI). Therefore, the framework is more reliable than channel dependent beamforming and artificial noise (AN) techniques. In addition, the framework is more than just increasing the cost of eavesdropping. By intentionally tuning waveform patterns to weaken signal feature diversity and enhance feature similarity, eavesdroppers will not be able to identify correctly signal formats. The wrong classification of signal formats would result in subsequent detection errors even when an eavesdropper uses brute-force detection techniques. To get a robust WDS framework, three impact factors, namely training data feature, oversampling factor and bandwidth compression factor (BCF) offset, are investigated. An optimal WDS waveform pattern is obtained at the end after a joint study of the three factors. To ensure a valid eavesdropping model, artificial intelligence (AI) dependent signal classifiers are designed followed by optimal performance achievable signal detectors. To show the compatibility in available communication systems, the WDS framework is successfully integrated in IEEE 802.11a with nearly no adding computational complexity. Finally, a low-cost software-defined radio (SDR) experiment is designed to verify the feasibility of the WDS framework in resource-constrained communications.
description: in IEEE Internet of Things Journal
Ab initio Derivation of Low-Energy Model for Alkali-Cluster-Loaded Sodalites
Creators: name: Nakamura, Kazuma
name: Koretsune, Takashi
name: Arita, Ryotaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An effective low-energy model describing magnetic properties of alkali-cluster-loaded sodalites is derived by {\em ab initio} downfolding. We start with constructing an extended Hubbard model for maximally localized Wannier functions. {\em Ab initio} screened Coulomb and exchange interactions are calculated by constrained random phase approximation. We find that the system resides in the strong coupling regime and thus the Heisenberg model is derived as a low-energy model of the extended Hubbard model. We obtain antiferromagnetic couplings $\sim$ $O$(10 K), being consistent with the experimental temperature dependence of the spin susceptibility. Importance of considering the screening effect in the derivation of the extended Hubbard model is discussed.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Space and velocity distributions of Galactic isolated old Neutron stars
Creators: name: Ofek, E. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present the results of Monte-Carlo orbital simulations of Galactic Neutron Stars (NSs). The simulations take into account the up-to-date observed NS space and velocity distributions at birth, and account for their formation rate. I simulate two populations of NSs. Objects in the first population were born in the Galactic disk at a constant rate, in the past 12 Gyr. Those in the second population were formed simultaneously 12 Gyr ago in the Galactic bulge. I assume that the NSs born in the Galactic disk comprise 40% of the total NS population. Since the initial velocity distribution of NSs is not well known, I run two sets of simulations, each containing 3x10^6 simulated NSs. One set utilizes a bimodal initial velocity distribution and the other a unimodal initial velocity distribution, both are advocated based on pulsars observations. In light of recent observational results, I discuss the effect of dynamical heating by Galactic structure on NS space and velocity distributions and show it can be neglected. I present catalogue of simulated NS space and velocity vectors in the current epoch, and catalogue of positions, distances and proper motions of simulated NSs, relative to the Sun. Assuming there are 10^9 NSs in the Galaxy, I find that in the solar neighborhood the density of NSs is about 2-4x10^-4 pc^-3 and their scale height is about 0.3-0.6 kpc (depending on the adopted initial velocity distribution). These catalogue can be used to test the hypothesis that some radio transients are related to these objects.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Large Fluctuations of the Macroscopic Current in Diffusive Systems: A Confirmation of the Additivity Principle
Creators: name: Hurtado, Pablo I.
name: Garrido, Pedro L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most systems, when pushed out of equilibrium, respond by building up currents of locally-conserved observables. Understanding how microscopic dynamics determines the averages and fluctuations of these currents is one of the main open problems in nonequilibrium statistical physics. The additivity principle is a theoretical proposal that allows to compute the current distribution in many one-dimensional nonequilibrium systems. Using simulations, we confirm this conjecture in a simple and general model of energy transport, both in the presence of a temperature gradient and in canonical equilibrium. In particular, we show that the current distribution displays a Gaussian regime for small current fluctuations, as prescribed by the central limit theorem, and non-Gaussian (exponential) tails for large current deviations, obeying in all cases the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem. In order to facilitate a given current fluctuation, the system adopts a well-defined temperature profile different from that of the steady state, and in accordance with the additivity hypothesis predictions. System statistics during a large current fluctuation is independent of the sign of the current, which implies that the optimal profile (as well as higher-order profiles and spatial correlations) are invariant upon currenst inversion. We also demonstrate that finite-time joint fluctuations of the current and the profile are well described by the additivity functional. These results confirm the additivity hypothesis as a general and powerful tool to compute current distributions in many nonequilibrium systems.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures
Thermopower across the pseudogap critical point of La(1.6-x)Nd(0.4)Sr(x)CuO(4): Evidence for a quantum critical point in a hole-doped high-Tc superconductor
Creators: name: Daou, R.
name: Cyr-Choinière, Olivier
name: Laliberté, Francis
name: LeBoeuf, David
name: Doiron-Leyraud, Nicolas
name: Yan, J. -Q.
name: Zhou, J. -S.
name: Goodenough, J. B.
name: Taillefer, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermopower S of the high-Tc superconductor La(1.6-x)Nd(0.4)Sr(x)CuO(4) was measured as a function of temperature T near its pseudogap critical point, the critical hole doping p* where the pseudogap temperature T* goes to zero. Just above p*, S/T varies as ln(1/T) over a decade of temperature. Below p*, S/T undergoes a large increase below T*. As with the temperature dependence of the resistivity, which is linear just above p* and undergoes a large upturn below T*, these are typical signatures of a quantum phase transition. This suggests that p* is a quantum critical point below which some order sets in, causing a reconstruction of the Fermi surface, whose fluctuations are presumably responsible for the linear-T resistivity and logarithmic thermopower. We discuss the possibility that this order is the "stripe" order known to exist in this material.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; Fig.1 updated to include pseudogap temperature from recent ARPES data
Symptom attribution is a stronger predictor of PVT-failure than symptom endorsement in treatment-seeking Veterans with remote mTBI history: A pilot study
Creators: name: Loy, Adan F. Ton
name: Lee, Jeong-Eun
name: Asimakopoulos, George
name: Sakamoto, McKenna S.
name: Merritt, Victoria C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: To examine relationships between performance validity testing (PVT), neurobehavioral symptom endorsement, and symptom attribution in Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Participants included treatment-seeking Veterans (n = 37) with remote mTBI histories who underwent a neuropsychological assessment and completed a modified version of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) to assess symptom endorsement and symptom attribution (the latter evaluated by having Veterans indicate whether they believed each NSI symptom was caused by their mTBI). Veterans were divided into two subgroups, PVT-Valid (n = 25) and PVT-Invalid (n = 12). Independent samples t-tests showed that two of five symptom endorsement variables and all five symptom attribution variables were significantly different between PVT groups (PVT-Invalid > PVT-Valid; Cohen’s d = 0.67–1.02). Logistic regression analyses adjusting for PTSD symptoms showed that symptom endorsement (Nagelkerke’s R2 = .233) and symptom attribution (Nagelkerke’s R2 = .279) significantly distinguished between PVT groups. According to the Wald criterion, greater symptom endorsement (OR = 1.09) and higher attribution of symptoms to mTBI (OR = 1.21) each reliably predicted PVT-failure. While both symptom endorsement and symptom attribution were significantly associated with PVT-failure, our preliminary results suggest that symptom attribution is a stronger predictor of PVT-failure. Results highlight the importance of assessing symptom attribution to mTBI in this population.
Vegetius on the Roman navy : translation and commentary, book four, 31-46
Creators: name: Emanuele, Paul Daniel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis is made up of three parts. The first discusses by way of introduction the unresolved questions concerning Flavius Vegetius Renatus and his Epitoma Rei Militaris, reviewing the arguments and evidence which have been brought to bear on such fundamental issues as the proper spelling of the author's name, his station in life, the place in which he lived and wrote, his floruit-date and the identity of the emperor to whom he dedicated his work. Since there exists no external evidence which might aid in the solution of any of these problems, the arguments put forward have been based upon clues found within the text. It has been established with certainty that Vegetius wrote sometime between A.D. 383 and 450; but in this sixty-seven year interval, which is not longer than a man's life-span, five emperors reigned in the West, any one of whom might have been Vegetius' dedicatee. Beyond this, however, nothing is certain. The next portion of the thesis consists of a translation into English of the last part of Book 4 (chapters 31-46), a treatise on the Roman navy. This relatively easy task was most recently undertaken by John Clarke in 1767. The last and most substantial section of the present work is a commentary upon Vegetius' naval chapters dealing with the history of the Roman fleets, their organisation, the types of ships they used, the preparation of shipbuilding wood, the winds, astrological meteorology, tides and currents, naval artillery, armour and battle tactics. By presenting such a wide range of subjects Vegetius has produced a handbook on the Roman art of war at sea which is without parallel in Latin literature. Very little that he says, however, cannot be found in the work of at least one Greek or Latin author; a great deal is available in several. Among these are technical writers, poets and historians. The commentary, then, consists in large part of citations of such sources as may corroborate or contradict Vegetius' statements or supply further information. Although it is likely that Vegetius himself consulted some of these, in only one instance is it possible to establish his debt to any specific predecessor. The references supplied in the commentary are taken from many ancient works whose number and diversity of subject matter show that our author was a well-read and scholarly individual.
Telecommunications and urban development
Creators: name: McDonald, Donald Ross
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis is broadly concerned with the relationship of communications to urban development. It specifically develops a communications perspective on spatial structure in the Vancouver, B.C., metropolitan area by examination of one communication variable, telephone traffic. Origin-destination calling data are used to identify communication networks, suggest functional associations, and relate social area structure to communicative (interactive) behaviour. A further purpose is to employ the above findings in developing suggestions as to possible imports of future communication technologies. For the first three chapters, the mode, i.e. telephone hardware, is held constant, in the fourth chapter the hardware is considered as a variable.
Effective Predictions of Event Shapes: Factorized, Resummed, and Gapped Angularity Distributions
Creators: name: Hornig, Andrew
name: Lee, Christopher
name: Ovanesyan, Grigory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), which provides a unified framework for factorization, resummation of logarithms, and incorporation of universal nonperturbative functions in hard-scattering QCD cross-sections, we present a new prediction of angularity distributions in e+e- annihilation. Angularities tau_a are an infinite class of event shapes which vary in their sensitivity to the substructure of jets in the final state, controlled by a continuous parameter a<2. We calculate angularity distributions for all a<1 to first order in the strong coupling alpha_s and resum large logarithms in these distributions to next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy. Our expressions for the next-to-leading order (NLO) O(alpha_s) partonic jet and soft functions in the factorization theorem for angularity distributions are given for the first time. We employ a model for the nonperturbative soft function with a gap parameter which cancels the renormalon ambiguity in the partonic soft function. We explore the relation between the SCET approach to resummation and past approaches in QCD, and discuss the advantages of the effective theory approach. In addition, we draw from the NLO calculations of the jet and soft functions an intuitive lesson about how factorization breaks down in the effective theory as a->1.
description: 52 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, uses JHEP3.cls. v2: comparison between SCET and QCD clarified, other minor corrections, v3: journal version, references added, minor corrections and clarifications
Blockchain-based Platform for Secure Sharing and Validation of Vaccination Certificates
Creators: name: Abubakar, Mwrwan
name: McCarron, Pádraig
name: Jaroucheh, Zakwan
name: Al-Dubai, Ahmed
name: Buchanan, William J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has recently emerged as a worldwide health emergency that necessitates coordinated international measures. To contain the virus's spread, governments and health organisations raced to develop vaccines that would lower Covid-19 morbidity, relieve pressure on healthcare systems, and allow economies to open. As a way forward after the COVID-19 vaccination, the Vaccination certificate has been adopted to help the authorities formulate policies by controlling cross-border travelling. To resolve significant privacy concerns and remove the need for relying on third parties to maintain trust and control the user's data, in this paper, we leverage blockchain technologies in developing a secure and verifiable vaccination certificate. Our approach has the advantage of utilising a hybrid architecture that implements different advanced technologies, such as smart contracts, interPlanetary File System (IPFS), and Self-sovereign Identity (SSI). We will rely on verifiable credentials paired with smart contracts to implement on-chain access control decisions and provide on-chain verification and validation of the user and issuer DIDs. The usability of this approach was further analysed, particularly concerning performance and security. Our analysis proved that our approach satisfies vaccination certificate security requirements.
Precise Balancing of Viscous and Radiation Forces on a Particle in Liquid-Filled Photonic Bandgap Fiber
Creators: name: Euser, T. G.
name: Garbos, M. K.
name: Chen, J. S. Y.
name: Russell, P. St. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that, in the liquid-filled hollow core of a single-mode photonic crystal fiber, a micron-sized particle can be held stably against a fluidic counter-flow using radiation pressure, and moved to and fro (over 10s of cm) by ramping the laser power up and down. The results represent a major advance over previous work on particle transport in optically multimode liquid-filled fibers, in which the fluctuating transverse field pattern renders the radiation and trapping forces unpredictable. The counter-flowing liquid can be loaded with sequences of chemicals in precisely controlled concentrations and doses, making possible studies of single particles, vesicles or cells.
A GEANT4 Monte-Carlo Simulation Code for precision beta spectroscopy
Creators: name: Wauters, F.
name: Kraev, I.
name: Zakoucky, D.
name: Beck, M.
name: Golovko, V. V.
name: Kozlov, V. Yu.
name: Phalet, T.
name: Tandecki, M.
name: Traykov, E.
name: Van Gorp, S.
name: Severijns, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of the beta asymmetry parameter in nuclear beta decay is a potentially very sensitive tool to search for non V-A components in the charge-changing weak interaction. To reach the required precision (percent level) all effects that modify the emission pattern of the beta radiation, i.e. the geometry of the setup, the effect of the magnetic field on the trajectories of beta particles as well as (back)scattering in the source, on the sample holder and on the detector, have to be correctly taken into account in the analysis of the data. A thorough study of these effects and a new method based on detailed GEANT4 Monte-Carlo simulations that was developed for this purpose is presented here. The code was developed for beta asymmetry measurements by means of the Low Temperature Nuclear Orientation (LTNO) method, but can in principle be generalized to other experimental setups using other polarization techniques.
Fe-peak element abundances in disk and halo stars
Creators: name: Bergemann, Maria
name: Gehren, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At present none of Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) models provides a self-consistent description of observed trends for all iron-peak elements with metallicity simultaneously. The question is whether the discrepancy is due to deficiencies of GCE models, such as stellar yields, or due to erroneous spectroscopically-determined abundances of these elements in metal-poor stars. The present work aims at a critical reevaluation of the abundance trends for several odd and even-Z Fe-peak elements, which are important for understanding explosive nucleosynthesis in supernovae.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures, IAUS 265 proceedings
La pedagogia di Franco Frabboni
Creators: name: Baldacci, Massimo
Publisher: name: Studi sulla Formazione
Year: 2011

description: This paper takes up and rearrang the lines of interpretation of the work of Frabboni The problematicism (2003). In this essay, the author limits himself to the side of education, but the theory of teaching as a science, which finds complete expression in many other works of Frabboni, will constitute an important cultural contribution by the intellectual of Bologna. it is the comparison of problematicism with the problems of educational practice that derive instances of his rethinking and comparison with this comes the idea of integrated training system(which comes from the idea of “deschooling”). The pedagogy of Frabboni is critical and it is intent on addressing the educational problems in the optics of a problematicism which takes account of the historical times.
description: Studi sulla Formazione, Anno XIII, II-2010
Dark Left-Right Gauge Model: SU(2)_R Phenomenology
Creators: name: Aranda, Alfredo
name: Díaz-Cruz, J. Lorenzo
name: Hernández-Sánchez, Jaime
name: Ma, Ernest
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the recently proposed dark left-right gauge model of particle interactions, the left-handed fermion doublet $(ν,e)_L$ is connected to its right-handed counterpart $(n,e)_R$ through a scalar bidoublet, but $ν_L$ couples to $n_R$ only through $ϕ_1^0$ which has no vacuum expectation value. The usual R parity, i.e. $R = (-)^{3B+L+2j}$, can be defined for this nonsupersymmetric model so that both $n$ and $Φ_1$ are odd together with $W_R^\pm$. The lightest $n$ is thus a viable dark-matter candidate (scotino). Here we explore the phenomenology associated with the $SU(2)_R$ gauge group of this model, which allows it to appear at the TeV energy scale. The exciting possibility of $Z' \to 8$ charged leptons is discussed.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
RAQAMLI IQTISODIYOT SHAROITIDA TIJORAT BANKLARI SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH
Creators: name: Fayzullayev, Xusniddin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur tezisda raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida tijorat banklari samaradorligini oshirishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari chuqur tahlil qilingan. Global miqyosda raqamli transformatsiya jarayonlari moliyaviy institutlar, xususan, tijorat banklari faoliyatida yangi yondashuvlar va texnologik innovatsiyalarni joriy etishni taqozo etmoqda. Ayniqsa, sun’iy intellekt, katta ma’lumotlar (Big Data), blokcheyn texnologiyalari, mobil va internet-banking xizmatlarining kengayishi bank xizmatlarining ko‘lami va sifatini tubdan o‘zgartirmoqda.
Thermal non-equilibrium effects in quantum reflection
Creators: name: Druzhinina, Viola
name: Mudrich, Marcel
name: Arnecke, Florian
name: Madronero, Javier
name: Buchleitner, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the quantum reflection coefficient of ultracold heavy atoms scattering off a dielectric surface can be tuned in a wide range by suitable choice of surface and environment temperatures. This effect results from a temperature dependent long-range repulsive part of the van der Waals-Casimir-Polder-Lifshitz atom-surface interaction potential.
Il senso e la funzione pedagogica della comunità di ricerca
Creators: name: Mollo, Gaetano
Publisher: name: Studi sulla Formazione
Year: 2010

description: The essay presents some salient issues to do research in pedagogy today and in education more generally. This calls into question the concept of Communities as referred to research or the enhancement of interpersonal relationships, in addition to the passion for knowledge and for the researcher. It ‘still to consider the subjective nature of each component of the research community, provided that this does not prevent the interdisciplinary dialogue. The variety of approaches is the guarantee of freedom of research. Diversification of perspectives allows a wide range of investigation.
description: Studi sulla Formazione, Anno XII, I/II-2009
Central mass-to-light ratios and dark matter fractions in early-type galaxies
Creators: name: Tortora, C.
name: Napolitano, N. R.
name: Romanowsky, A. J.
name: Capaccioli, M.
name: Covone, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical studies of local ETGs and the Fundamental Plane point to a strong dependence of M/L ratio on luminosity (and stellar mass) with a relation of the form $M/L \propto L^γ$. The "tilt" $γ$ may be caused by various factors, including stellar population properties, IMF, rotational support, luminosity profile non-homology and dark matter (DM) fraction. We evaluate the impact of all these factors using a large uniform dataset of local ETGs from Prugniel & Simien (1997). We take particular care in estimating the stellar masses, using a general star formation history, and comparing different population synthesis models. We find that the stellar M/L contributes little to the tilt. We estimate the total M/L using simple Jeans dynamical models, and find that adopting accurate luminosity profiles is important but does not remove the need for an additional tilt component, which we ascribe to DM. We survey trends of the DM fraction within one effective radius, finding it to be roughly constant for galaxies fainter than $M_B \sim -20.5$, and increasing with luminosity for the brighter galaxies; we detect no significant differences among S0s and fast- and slow-rotating ellipticals. We construct simplified cosmological mass models and find general consistency, where the DM transition point is caused by a change in the relation between luminosity and effective radius. A more refined model with varying galaxy star formation efficiency suggests a transition from total mass profiles (including DM) of faint galaxies distributed similarly to the light, to near-isothermal profiles for the bright galaxies. These conclusions are sensitive to various systematic uncertainties which we investigate in detail, but are consistent with the results of dynamics studies at larger radii.
description: 21 Pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication on MNRAS. Version including revisions after the referee's report and an updated list of references
Measuring the Higgs Sector
Creators: name: Lafaye, Remi
name: Plehn, Tilman
name: Rauch, Michael
name: Zerwas, Dirk
name: Duehrssen, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If we find a light Higgs boson at the LHC, there should be many observable channels which we can exploit to measure the relevant parameters in the Higgs sector. We use the SFitter framework to map these measurements on the parameter space of a general weak-scale effective theory with a light Higgs state of mass 120 GeV. Our analysis benefits from the parameter determination tools and the error treatment used in new--physics searches, to study individual parameters and their error bars as well as parameter correlations.
description: 45 pages, Journal version with comments from referee
Single-particle properties and pseudogap effects in the BCS-BEC crossover regime of an ultracold Fermi gas above Tc
Creators: name: Tsuchiya, Shunji
name: Watanabe, Ryota
name: Ohashi, Yoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate strong-coupling effects on normal state properties of an ultracold Fermi gas. Within the framework of $T$-matrix approximation in terms of pairing fluctuations, we calculate the single-particle density of states (DOS), as well as the spectral weight, over the entire BCS-BEC crossover region above the superfluid phase transition temperature $T_{\rm c}$. Starting from the weak-coupling BCS regime, we show that the so-called pseudogap develops in DOS above $T_{\rm c}$, which becomes remarkable in the crossover region. The pseudogap structure continuously changes into a fully gapped one in the strong-coupling BEC regime, where the gap energy is directly related to the binding energy of tightly bound molecules. We determine the pseudogap temperature $T^*$ where the dip structure in DOS vanishes. The value of $T^*$ is shown to be very different from another characteristic temperature $T^{**}$ where a BCS-type double peak structure disappears in the spectral weight. While one finds $T^*>T^{**}$ in the BCS regime, $T^{**}$ becomes higher than $T^*$ in the crossover region and BEC regime. Including this, we determine the pseudogap region in the phase diagram of ultracold Fermi gases. Our results would be useful in the search for the pseudogap region in ultracold $^6$Li and $^{40}$K Fermi gases.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures
MPEC 2024-S145 : 2024 SQ3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 SQ3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A novel approach for the automated segmentation and volume quantification of cardiac fats on computed tomography
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Érick Oliveira
name: Morais, FFC
name: Morais, NAOS
name: Conci, LS
name: Neto, LV
name: Conci, Aura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The deposits of fat on the surroundings of the heart are correlated to several health risk factors such as atherosclerosis, carotid stiffness, coronary artery calcification, atrial fibrillation and many others. These deposits vary unrelated to obesity, which reinforces its direct segmentation for further quantification. However, manual segmentation of these fats has not been widely deployed in clinical practice due to the required human workload and consequential high cost of physicians and technicians. In this work, we propose a unified method for an autonomous segmentation and quantification of two types of cardiac fats. The segmented fats are termed epicardial and mediastinal, and stand apart from each other by the pericardium. Much effort was devoted to achieve minimal user intervention. The proposed methodology mainly comprises registration and classification algorithms to perform the desired segmentation. We compare the performance of several classification algorithms on this task, including neural networks, probabilistic models and decision tree algorithms. Experimental results of the proposed methodology have shown that the mean accuracy regarding both epicardial and mediastinal fats is 98.5% (99.5% if the features are normalized), with a mean true positive rate of 98.0%. In average, the Dice similarity index was equal to 97.6%.
description: Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, 2016
Orbit determination methods for interplanetary missions: development and use of the Orbit14 software
Creators: name: Lari, Giacomo
name: Schettino, Giulia
name: Serra, Daniele
name: Tommei, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last years, a new generation of interplanetary space missions have been designed for the exploration of the solar system. At the same time, radio-science instrumentation has reached an unprecedented level of accuracy, leading to a significant improvement of our knowledge of celestial bodies. Along with this hardware upgrade, software products for interplanetary missions have been greatly refined. In this context, we introduce Orbit14, a precise orbit determination software developed at the University of Pisa for processing the radio-science data of the BepiColombo and Juno missions. Along the years, many tools have been implemented into the software and Orbit14 capitalized the experience coming from simulations and treatment of real data. In this paper, we present a review of orbit determination methods developed at the University of Pisa for radio-science experiments of interplanetary missions. We describe the basic theory of the process of parameters estimation and refined methods necessary to have full control on experiments involving spacecraft orbiting millions of kilometers far from the Earth. Our aim is to give both an extensive description of the treatment of radio-science experiments and step-to-step instructions for those who are approaching the field of orbit determination in the context of space missions. We show also the work conducted on the Juno and BepiColombo missions by means of the Orbit14 software. In particular, we summarize the recent results obtained with the gravity experiment of Juno and the simulations performed so far for the gravimetry-rotation and relativity experiments of BepiColombo.
description: 52 pages, 18 figures, Accepted for publication on Experimental Astronomy
乙肝治疗中干扰素差异应答遗传机制研究
Creators: name: 郭, 小森
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Genome sequencing
Variation
Monoisolate
Medical

description: 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（Hepatitis B surface antigen，HBsAg）的转阴或清除是乙型肝炎治愈的标志，目前，基因组遗传变异对其造成的影响尚不明确。本项目对100名慢性乙型肝炎（Chronic hepatitis B，CHB）患者进行了全基因组测序和关联分析（Genome-wide association study，GWAS），以探索乙型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis B virus，HBV）感染者在聚乙二醇干扰素α（Pegylated-interferon Alpha，Peg-IFNa）治疗后，导致HBsAg清除效果差异相关的突变位点。GWAS分析了51例HBsAg转阴或清除的病例（实验组）和49例对干扰素治疗无应答的病例（对照组），相关的研究结果为探索基因及相关突变与经干扰素治疗后HBsAg清除率之间的因果联系提供了参考。
Molecular mechanism of olanzapine in regulating brain organoid development
Creators: name: 陈焯辉(Zhuohui Chen)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate
Medical

description: To decipher the molecular mechanism of olanzapine in regulating brain organoids, we conducted mRNA sequencing to capture the transcriptome in the early developmental phase (12 days) and later developmental phase (24 days) of brain organoids. We sequenced olanzapine-treated (n=3) and normal saline-treated (n=3) brain organoids at each time point.
The relationship of television viewing to creativity and intelligence in young school children
Creators: name: Harrison, Linda Faye
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: An experiment was conducted in order to clarify the relationship of television exposure to cognitive development in young children. Measures of creativity and measures of intelligence (WISC Block Design and Vocabulary subtests) were administered to 160 Grade four and Grade seven children in three British Columbia towns which differed in television accessibility. The results suggested that television exposure has differential effects on the two traits 'creativity' and 'intelligence'. In terms of intelligence, a positive relationship was found between television viewing and vocabulary scores. The relationship between televiewing and creativity was found to be complicated by the type of stimulus material employed. In the case of verbal stimulus materials, children growing up without television obtained significantly higher mean creativity scores than children who grow up with television. In the case of figural stimulus materials, no clear relationship of television exposure to creativity emerged.
New Results on Standard Solar Models
Creators: name: Serenelli, Aldo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the current status of solar modelling and focus on the problems originated with the introduction of solar abundance determinations with low CNO abundance values. We use models computed with solar abundance compilations obtained during the last decade, including the newest published abundances by Asplund and collaborators. Results presented here make focus both on helioseismic properties and the models as well as in the neutrino fluxes predictions. We also discuss changes in radiative opacities to restore agreement between helioseismology, solar models, and solar abundances and show the effect of such modifications on solar neutrino fluxes.
description: 9 pages. Review talk presented at "Synergies between solar and stellar modelling", Rome, June 2009. To be published by Astrophysics and Space Science
BLG-motivated Lagrangian formulation for the chiral two-form gauge field in D=6 and M5-branes
Creators: name: Pasti, Paolo
name: Samsonov, Igor
name: Sorokin, Dmitri
name: Tonin, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reveal non-manifest gauge and SO(1,5) Lorentz symmetries in the Lagrangian description of a six-dimensional free chiral field derived from the Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson model in arXiv:0804.3629 and make this formulation covariant with the use of a triplet of auxiliary scalar fields. We consider the coupling of this self-dual construction to gravity and its supersymmetrization. In the case of the non-linear model of arXiv:0805.2898 we solve the equations of motion of the gauge field, prove that its non-linear field strength is self-dual and find a gauge-covariant form of the non-linear action. Issues of the relation of this model to the known formulations of the M5-brane worldvolume theory are discussed.
description: 1+30 pages, v2: added subsection on comparison of different chiral-field actions, clarifications and references
A critical old-spelling edition of Thomas Middleton’s Honorable entertainments (1621) and An invention (1622)
Creators: name: Hill, Brian H. W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The aim of this edition is to bring together the surviving examples of civic interludes in such a format and manner as to make them accessible to a reader familiar with Renaissance language and printing conventions. It is a conservative edition which preserves, as far as possible, the original spelling and punctuation which reflect the eccentricities of Middleton's MS habits. At the same time it seeks to sort out problems such as the song in Entertainment Seven, and to present the material with some consistency of form. The first ten entertainments of this edition are from a unique printed volume in the Huntington Library and the final entertainment is from a MS preserved amongst the Conway Papers at the Public Record Office. Together these provide the only surviving examples of civic interludes for this period. The introductory material attempts first to define civic pageantry and then to set the edited entertainments within an artistic and historical tradition, At the same time it tries to explore the more topical themes represented in them. Primarily, the value of this edition lies in that it presents material hitherto not available in one edition.
Né servi e né ribelli. Luigi Credaro e la «Rivista Pedagogica»
Creators: name: Orsomarso, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: Studi sulla Formazione
Year: 2011

description: The author addresses the figure of Louis Credaro. The motto was reported in the title he gave on the occasion of the birth of the Unione Magistrale Nazionale. Credaro  was significant expert of pedagogical issues and many Italian authors consider him a researcher of fine scientific production and also sensitive research on the experiential. Crediton was significant expert of pedagogical issues and many authors regard it as a student of fine Italian scientific production is also sensitive research on the experiential. It is considered a classical, a Classicism that is rooted in his time, which absorbs the mood and conditioning, but in large part transcends them.
description: Studi sulla Formazione, Anno XIII, I-2010
X-ray spectroscopy of the hot has in the M31 bulge
Creators: name: Liu, Jiren
name: Wang, Daniel
name: Li, Zhiyuan
name: Peterson, John R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an X-ray spectroscopic study of the nuclear region of the M31 bulge, based on observations of the Xmm-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometers. The obtained high-resolution grating spectra clearly show individual emission lines of highly-ionized iron and oxygen, which unambiguously confirm the presence of diffuse hot gas in the bulge, as indicated from previous X-ray CCD imaging studies. We model the spectra with detailed Monte-Carlo simulations, which provide a robust spectroscopic estimate of the hot gas temperature $\sim0.29$ keV and the O/Fe ratio $\sim0.3$ solar. The results indicate that iron ejecta of type Ia supernovae are partly-mixed with the hot gas. The observed spectra show an intensity excess at the OVII triplet, which most likely represents emission from charge exchanges at the interface between the hot gas and a known cool gas spiral in the same nuclear region.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Bc Meson Formfactors and Bc-->PV Decays Involving Flavor Dependence of Transverse Quark Momentum
Creators: name: Dhir, Rohit
name: Verma, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of the Bc form factors in the BSW framework, by investigating the effects of the flavor dependence on the average transverse quark momentum inside a meson. Branching ratios of two body decays of Bc meson to pseudoscalar and vector mesons are predicted.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Supervised Graph Contrastive Pretraining for Text Classification
Creators: name: Ghosh, Samujjwal
name: Maji, Subhadeep
name: Desarkar, Maunendra Sankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Contrastive pretraining techniques for text classification has been largely studied in an unsupervised setting. However, oftentimes labeled data from related tasks which share label semantics with current task is available. We hypothesize that using this labeled data effectively can lead to better generalization on current task. In this paper, we propose a novel way to effectively utilize labeled data from related tasks with a graph based supervised contrastive learning approach. We formulate a token-graph by extrapolating the supervised information from examples to tokens. Our formulation results in an embedding space where tokens with high/low probability of belonging to same class are near/further-away from one another. We also develop detailed theoretical insights which serve as a motivation for our method. In our experiments with $13$ datasets, we show our method outperforms pretraining schemes by $2.5\%$ and also example-level contrastive learning based formulation by $1.8\%$ on average. In addition, we show cross-domain effectiveness of our method in a zero-shot setting by $3.91\%$ on average. Lastly, we also demonstrate our method can be used as a noisy teacher in a knowledge distillation setting to significantly improve performance of transformer based models in low labeled data regime by $4.57\%$ on average.
description: A condensed version of this paper has been accepted to ACM SAC'22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3507194