cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Morita's Theory for the Symplectic Groups
Creators: name: Qi, Zhi
name: Yang, Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct and study the holomorphic discrete series representation and the principal series representation of the symplectic group $\mathrm{Sp}(2n,F)$ over a $p$-adic field $F$ as well as a duality between some sub-representations of these two representations. The constructions of these two representations generalize those defined in Morita and Murase's works. Moreover, Morita built a duality for $\mathrm{SL}(2, F)$ defined by residues. We view the duality we defined as an algebraic interpretation of Morita's duality in some extent and its generalization to the symplectic groups.
description: 23 pages
Additional file 7 of Early changes in gene expression profiles in AML patients during induction chemotherapy
Creators: name: Jakobsen, Ingrid
name: Sundkvist, Max
name: Björn, Niclas
name: Gréen, Henrik
name: Lotfi, Kourosh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7.
Supplementary Material from Food supplementing Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus tundrius) nests increases reproductive success with no change in mean parental provisioning rate
Creators: name: McKinnon, Rebekah Alice
name: Hedlin, Erik
name: Hawkshaw, Kevin
name: Mathot, Kimberley J
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Clean_SupplementaryMaterials_2024.08.19.docx
Decorrelation estimates for some continuous and discrete random schrödinger operators in dimension one and applications to spectral statistics
Creators: name: Shirley, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of the present work is to establish decorrelation estimates at distinct energies for some random Schrödinger operator in dimension one. In particular, we establish the result for some random operators on the continuum with alloy-type potential. These results are used to give a description of the spectral statistics.
Hematotoxicity in Workers Exposed to Low Levels of Benzene
Creators: name: Lan, Q.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Benzene is known to have toxic effects on the blood and bone marrow, but its impact at levels below the U.S. occupational standard of 1 part per million (ppm) remains uncertain. In a study of 250 workers exposed to benzene, white blood cell and platelet counts were significantly lower than in 140 controls, even for exposure below 1 ppm in air. Progenitor cell colony formation significantly declined with increasing benzene exposure and was more sensitive to the effects of benzene than was the number of mature blood cells. Two genetic variants in key metabolizing enzymes, myeloperoxidase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, influenced susceptibility to benzene hematotoxicity. Thus, hematotoxicity from exposure to benzene occurred at air levels of 1 ppm or less and may be particularly evident among genetically susceptible subpopulations.
Additional file 1 of ‘It is a hard decision’: a qualitative study of perinatal intimate partner violence disclosure
Creators: name: Amel Barez, Malikeh
name: Mirzaii Najmabadi, Khadijeh
name: Latifnejad Roudsari, Robab
name: Mousavi Bazaz, Mojtaba
name: Babazadeh, Raheleh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Participants interview guide.
Distribution of Action Movements (DAM): A Descriptor for Human Action Recognition
Creators: name: Quiroga, Facundo Manuel
name: Ronchetti, Franco
name: Lanzarini, Laura
name: Eestrebou, Cesar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.8

description: Human action recognition from skeletal data is an important and active area of research in which the state of the art has not yet achieved near-perfect accuracy on many well-known datasets. In this paper, we introduce the Distribution of Action Movements Descriptor, a novel action descriptor based on the distribution of the directions of the motions of the joints between frames, over the set of all possible motions in the dataset. The descriptor is computed as a normalized histogram over a set of representative directions of the joints, which are in turn obtained via clustering. While the descriptor is global in the sense that it represents the overall distribution of movement directions of an action, it is able to partially retain its temporal structure by applying a windowing scheme. The descriptor, together with a standard classifier, outperforms several state-of-the-art techniques on many well-known datasets.
Supplementary tables detailing nests sites which were excluded from analyses (and why) and more details on some experimental procedure from Food supplementing Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus tundrius) nests increases reproductive success with no change in mean parental provisioning rate
Creators: name: McKinnon, Rebekah Alice
name: Hedlin, Erik
name: Hawkshaw, Kevin
name: Mathot, Kimberley J
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: 3 supplementary tables: 2 relating to sites excluded from analyses, 1 relating to number of quail provided during the supplementation experiment
Commissioning ShARCS: the Shane Adaptive optics infraRed Camera-Spectrograph for the Lick Observatory 3-m telescope
Creators: name: McGurk, Rosalie
name: Rockosi, Constance
name: Gavel, Donald
name: Kupke, Renate
name: Peck, Michael
name: Pfister, Terry
name: Ward, Jim
name: Deich, William
name: Gates, John
name: Gates, Elinor
name: Alcott, Barry
name: Cowley, David
name: Dillon, Daren
name: Lanclos, Kyle
name: Sandford, Dale
name: Saylor, Mike
name: Srinath, Srikar
name: Weiss, Jason
name: Norton, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the design and first-light early science performance of the Shane Adaptive optics infraRed Camera-Spectrograph (ShARCS) on Lick Observatory's 3-m Shane telescope. Designed to work with the new ShaneAO adaptive optics system, ShARCS is capable of high-efficiency, diffraction-limited imaging and low-dispersion grism spectroscopy in J, H, and K-bands. ShARCS uses a HAWAII-2RG infrared detector, giving high quantum efficiency (>80%) and Nyquist sampling the diffraction limit in all three wavelength bands. The ShARCS instrument is also equipped for linear polarimetry and is sensitive down to 650 nm to support future visible-light adaptive optics capability. We report on the early science data taken during commissioning.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation conference, paper 9148-118
Additional file 2 of ‘It is a hard decision’: a qualitative study of perinatal intimate partner violence disclosure
Creators: name: Amel Barez, Malikeh
name: Mirzaii Najmabadi, Khadijeh
name: Latifnejad Roudsari, Robab
name: Mousavi Bazaz, Mojtaba
name: Babazadeh, Raheleh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Summary of themes, categories and subcategories emerged from the analysis.
Chromosomes Can Congress to the Metaphase Plate Before Biorientation
Creators: name: Kapoor, T. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The stable propagation of genetic material during cell division depends on the congression of chromosomes to the spindle equator before the cell initiates anaphase. It is generally assumed that congression requires that chromosomes are connected to the opposite poles of the bipolar spindle (“bioriented”). In mammalian cells, we found that chromosomes can congress before becoming bioriented. By combining the use of reversible chemical inhibitors, live-cell light microscopy, and correlative electron microscopy, we found that monooriented chromosomes could glide toward the spindle equator alongside kinetochore fibers attached to other already bioriented chromosomes. This congression mechanism depended on the kinetochore-associated, plus end–directed microtubule motor CENP-E (kinesin-7).
Effect of small-world topology on wave propagation on networks of excitable elements
Creators: name: Isele, Thomas
name: Schöll, Eckehard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study excitation waves on a Newman-Watts small-world network model of coupled excitable elements. Depending on the global coupling strength, we find differing resilience to the added long-range links and different mechanisms of propagation failure. For high coupling strengths, we show agreement between the network and a reaction-diffusion model with additional mean-field term. Employing this approximation, we are able to estimate the critical density of long-range links for propagation failure.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures and 5 pages supplementary material
Handshape recognition for Argentinian Sign Language using ProbSom
Creators: name: Ronchetti, Franco
name: Quiroga, Facundo Manuel
name: Estrebou, César
name: Lanzarini, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic sign language recognition is an important topic within the areas of human-computer interaction and machine learning. On the one hand, it poses a complex challenge that requires the intervention of various knowledge areas, such as video processing, image processing, intelligent systems and linguistics. On the other hand, robust recognition of sign language could assist in the translation process and the integration of hearing-impaired people. This paper offers two main contributions: first, the creation of a database of handshapes for the Argentinian Sign Language (LSA), which is a topic that has barely been discussed so far. Secondly, a technique for image processing, descriptor extraction and subsequent handshape classification using a supervised adaptation of self-organizing maps that is called ProbSom. This technique is compared to others in the state of the art, such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests, and Neural Networks. The database that was built contains 800 images with 16 LSA handshapes, and is a first step towards building a comprehensive database of Argentinian signs. The ProbSom-based neural classifier, using the proposed descriptor, achieved an accuracy rate above 90%.
A near-autonomous and incremental intrusion detection system through active learning of known and unknown attacks
Creators: name: Boukela, Lynda
name: Zhang, Gongxuan
name: Yacoub, Meziane
name: Bouzefrane, Samia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68

description: Intrusion detection is a traditional practice of security experts, however, there are several issues which still need to be tackled. Therefore, in this paper, after highlighting these issues, we present an architecture for a hybrid Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for an adaptive and incremental detection of both known and unknown attacks. The IDS is composed of supervised and unsupervised modules, namely, a Deep Neural Network (DNN) and the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, respectively. The proposed system is near-autonomous since the intervention of the expert is minimized through the active learning (AL) approach. A query strategy for the labeling process is presented, it aims at teaching the supervised module to detect unknown attacks and improve the detection of the already-known attacks. This teaching is achieved through sliding windows (SW) in an incremental fashion where the DNN is retrained when the data is available over time, thus rendering the IDS adaptive to cope with the evolutionary aspect of the network traffic. A set of experiments was conducted on the CICIDS2017 dataset in order to evaluate the performance of the IDS, promising results were obtained.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 32 references, conference
Finding Galois representations corresponding to certain Hecke eigenclasses
Creators: name: De Witt, Meghan
name: Doud, Darrin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F80, 11F75

description: In 1992, Avner Ash and Mark McConnell presented computational evidence of a connection between three-dimensional Galois representations and certain arithmetic cohomology classes. For some examples they were unable to determine the attached representation. For several Hecke eigenclasses (including one for which Ash and McConnell did not find the Galois representation), we find a Galois representation which appears to be attached and show strong evidence for the uniqueness of this representation. The techniques that we use to find defining polynomials for the Galois representations include a targeted Hunter search, class field theory, and elliptic curves.
Lattice distortion and stripe-like antiferromagnetic order in Ca10(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5
Creators: name: Sapkota, A.
name: Tucker, G. S.
name: Ramazanoglu, M.
name: Tian, W.
name: Ni, N.
name: Cava, R. J.
name: McQueeney, R. J.
name: Goldman, A. I.
name: Kreyssig, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ca10(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5 is the parent compound for a class of Fe-based high-temperature superconductors where superconductivity with transition temperatures up to 30 K can be introduced by partial element substitution. We present a combined high-resolution high-energy x-ray diffraction and elastic neutron scattering study on a Ca10(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5 single crystal. This study reveals the microscopic nature of two distinct and continuous phase transitions to be very similar to other Fe-based high-temperature superconductors: an orthorhombic distortion of the high-temperature tetragonal Fe-As lattice below T_S = 110(2) K followed by stripe-like antiferromagnetic ordering of the Fe moments below T_N = 96(2) K. These findings demonstrate that major features of the Fe-based high-temperature superconductors are very robust against variations in chemical constitution as well as structural imperfection of the layers separating the Fe-As layers from each other and confirms that the Fe-As layers primarily determine the physics in this class of material.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Role of Occupational Therapy in Hereditary Spastics Paraplegia
Creators: name: Vij, Shivani Bharti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Occupational Therapy, Hereditary Conditions, Paraplegia, Spasticity

description: This paper discusses occupational therapy's distinct role in managing hereditary spastic paraplegia using PNF approaches.
Swimming with ShARCS: Comparison of On-sky Sensitivity With Model Predictions for ShaneAO on the Lick Observatory 3-meter Telescope
Creators: name: Srinath, Srikar
name: McGurk, Rosalie
name: Rockosi, Constance
name: Kupke, Renate
name: Gavel, Donald
name: Cabak, Gerald
name: Cowley, David
name: Peck, Michael
name: Ratliff, Christopher
name: Gates, Elinor
name: Peck, Michael
name: Dillon, Daren
name: Norton, Andrew
name: Reining, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lick Observatory's Shane 3-meter telescope has been upgraded with a new infrared instrument (ShARCS - Shane Adaptive optics infraRed Camera and Spectrograph) and dual-deformable mirror adaptive optics (AO) system (ShaneAO). We present first-light measurements of imaging sensitivity in the Ks band. We compare measured results to predicted signal-to-noise ratio and magnitude limits from modeling the emissivity and throughput of ShaneAO and ShARCS. The model was validated by comparing its results to the Keck telescope adaptive optics system model and then by estimating the sky background and limiting magnitudes for IRCAL, the previous infra-red detector on the Shane telescope, and comparing to measured, published results. We predict that the ShaneAO system will measure lower sky backgrounds and achieve 20\% higher throughput across the $JHK$ bands despite having more optical surfaces than the current system. It will enable imaging of fainter objects (by 1-2 magnitudes) and will be faster to reach a fiducial signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 10-13. We highlight the improvements in performance over the previous AO system and its camera, IRCAL.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, Montreal 2014
Sign Languague Recognition without frame-sequencing constraints: A proof of concept on the Argentinian Sign Language
Creators: name: Ronchetti, Franco
name: Quiroga, Facundo Manuel
name: Estrebou, César
name: Lanzarini, Laura
name: Rosete, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic sign language recognition (SLR) is an important topic within the areas of human-computer interaction and machine learning. On the one hand, it poses a complex challenge that requires the intervention of various knowledge areas, such as video processing, image processing, intelligent systems and linguistics. On the other hand, robust recognition of sign language could assist in the translation process and the integration of hearing-impaired people, as well as the teaching of sign language for the hearing population. SLR systems usually employ Hidden Markov Models, Dynamic Time Warping or similar models to recognize signs. Such techniques exploit the sequential ordering of frames to reduce the number of hypothesis. This paper presents a general probabilistic model for sign classification that combines sub-classifiers based on different types of features such as position, movement and handshape. The model employs a bag-of-words approach in all classification steps, to explore the hypothesis that ordering is not essential for recognition. The proposed model achieved an accuracy rate of 97% on an Argentinian Sign Language dataset containing 64 classes of signs and 3200 samples, providing some evidence that indeed recognition without ordering is possible.
description: IBERAMIA 2016
Minimal ramification and the inverse Galois problem over the rational function field $\mathbb{F}_p(t)$
Creators: name: De Witt, Meghan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The inverse Galois problem is concerned with finding a Galois extension of a field $K$ with given Galois group. In this paper we consider the particular case where the base field is $K=\F_p(t)$. We give a conjectural formula for the minimal number of primes, both finite and infinite, ramified in $G$-extensions of $K$, and give theoretical and computational proofs for many cases of this conjecture.
The Genome of the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Creators: name: Arnone, M. I.
name: Cameron, R. A.
name: Angerer, R. C.
name: Hlavina, W.
name: Foltz, K. R.
name: Coffman, J. A.
name: Hynes, R. O.
name: Morris, R. L.
name: Angerer, L. M.
name: Davidson, E. H
name: Elsik, C. G.
name: Elphick, M. R.
name: Sodergren, E.
name: Rast, J. P.
name: Hamdoun, A.
name: Wray, G.
name: Smith, L. C.
name: Ermolaeva, O.
name: Vacquier, V. D.
name: Zhang, L.
name: McClay, D. R.
name: Burke, R. D.
name: Wessel, G. M.
name: Dean, M.
name: Gibbs, R. A.
name: Klein, W. H.
name: Marzluff, W.
name: Mushegian, A.
name: Thorndyke, M. C.
name: Ettensohn, C. A.
name: Burgess, D. R.
name: Weinstock, G. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.
Magnons and continua in a magnetized and dimerized spin-1/2 chain
Creators: name: Stone, M. B.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Reich, D. H.
name: Broholm, C.
name: Xu, G.
name: Copley, J. R. D.
name: Cook, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the magnetic field dependent excitations of the dimerized spin-1/2 chain, copper nitrate, with antiferromagnetic intra-dimer exchange $J_1=0.44$ meV and exchange alternation $α=J_2/J_1=0.24$. Magnetic excitations in three distinct regimes of magnetization are probed through inelastic neutron scattering at low temperatures. At low and high fields there are three and two long-lived magnon-like modes, respectively. The number of modes and the anti-phase relationship between the wave-vector dependent energy and intensity of magnon scattering reflect the distinct ground states: A singlet ground state at low fields $μ_0H < μ_0H_{c1} = 2.8$~T and an $S_z=1/2$ product state at high fields $μ_0H > μ_0H_{c2} = 4.2$~T. In the intermediate field regime, a continuum of scattering for $\hbarω\approx J_1$ is indicative of a strongly correlated gapless quantum state without coherent magnons.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures
Crystal Structure of an Ancient Protein: Evolution by Conformational Epistasis
Creators: name: Bridgham, J. T.
name: Redinbo, M. R.
name: Thornton, J. W.
name: Ortlund, E. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The structural mechanisms by which proteins have evolved new functions are known only indirectly. We report x-ray crystal structures of a resurrected ancestral protein—the ∼450 million year-old precursor of vertebrate glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors. Using structural, phylogenetic, and functional analysis, we identify the specific set of historical mutations that recapitulate the evolution of GR’s hormone specificity from an MR-like ancestor. These substitutions repositioned crucial residues to create new receptor-ligand and intra-protein contacts. Strong epistatic interactions occur because one substitution changes the conformational position of another site. “Permissive” mutations—substitutions of no immediate consequence, which stabilize specific elements of the protein and allow it to tolerate subsequent function-switching changes—played a major role in determining GR’s evolutionary trajectory.
Additional file 1 of Dual-labeled nanoparticles based on small extracellular vesicles for tumor detection
Creators: name: Santos-Coquillat, Ana
name: Herreros-Pérez, Desiré
name: Samaniego, Rafael
name: González, María Isabel
name: Cussó, Lorena
name: Desco, Manuel
name: Salinas, Beatriz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Fig. S1. Physicochemical characterization of non-labeled sEVs by transmission electron microscopy. Images showing the morphology and size of unlabeled sEVs. Fig. S2. In vivo and ex vivo studies of dual-sEVs. A In vivo SPECT/CT imaging of a tumor 24 h after i.v injection of the dual-sEVs. B In vivo optical imaging of tumor-bearing mice 3 h after i.v. injection in the lateral (left) and prone (right) positions. C Ex vivo optical imaging of mice without skin with the tumor exposed (left) and with excised skin and tumor (right). D Ex vivo optical imaging of excised organs (brain, spleen, kidneys, tumor, heart, lungs) from control mice without nanoprobe injection and mice injected with dual-sEVs. Fig. S3. Confocal microscopy of the histological analysis of the tumor microenvironment population with injection of dual-sEVs (white). Blue, DAPI; red, F4/80+ (TAMs), CD31+ (ECs), and ER-TR7+ (CAFs). Fig. S4. Confocal microscopy of the histological analysis of the U87 tumor cell phenotype. Blue, DAPI; white, dual-sEVs; red, ER-TR7- (CAFs), and green, vimentin+ (U87).
Dialect Adaptation and Data Augmentation for Low-Resource ASR: TalTech Systems for the MADASR 2023 Challenge
Creators: name: Alumäe, Tanel
name: Kong, Jiaming
name: Robnikov, Daniil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper describes Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech) systems developed for the ASRU MADASR 2023 Challenge. The challenge focuses on automatic speech recognition of dialect-rich Indian languages with limited training audio and text data. TalTech participated in two tracks of the challenge: Track 1 that allowed using only the provided training data and Track 3 which allowed using additional audio data. In both tracks, we relied on wav2vec2.0 models. Our methodology diverges from the traditional procedure of finetuning pretrained wav2vec2.0 models in two key points: firstly, through the implementation of the aligned data augmentation technique to enhance the linguistic diversity of the training data, and secondly, via the application of deep prefix tuning for dialect adaptation of wav2vec2.0 models. In both tracks, our approach yielded significant improvements over the provided baselines, achieving the lowest word error rates across all participating teams.
Glioma-Derived Mutations in IDH1 Dominantly Inhibit IDH1 Catalytic Activity and Induce HIF-1
Creators: name: Xiong, Y.
name: Ding, J.
name: Xu, W.
name: Guan, K.-L.
name: Zha, Z.
name: Gong, L.
name: Lei, Q.
name: Wang, P.
name: Li, Z.
name: Zhao, S.
name: Jiang, W.
name: Lin, Y.
name: Yu, W.
name: Peng, Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) occur in certain human brain tumors, but their mechanistic role in tumor development is unknown. We have shown that tumor-derived IDH1 mutations impair the enzyme’s affinity for its substrate and dominantly inhibit wild-type IDH1 activity through the formation of catalytically inactive heterodimers. Forced expression of mutant IDH1 in cultured cells reduces formation of the enzyme product,α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), and increases the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor subunit HIF-1α, a transcription factor that facilitates tumor growth when oxygen is low and whose stability is regulated by α-KG. The rise in HIF-1α levels was reversible by an α-KG derivative. HIF-1α levels were higher in human gliomas harboring an IDH1 mutation than in tumors without a mutation. Thus, IDH1 appears to function as a tumor suppressor that, when mutationally inactivated, contributes to tumorigenesis in part through induction of the HIF-1 pathway.
ShaneAO: wide science spectrum adaptive optics system for the Lick Observatory
Creators: name: Gavel, Donald
name: Kupke, Renate
name: Dillon, Daren
name: Norton, Andrew
name: Ratliff, Chris
name: Cabak, Jerry
name: Phillips, Andrew
name: Rockosi, Connie
name: McGurk, Rosalie
name: Srinath, Srikar
name: Peck, Michael
name: Deich, William
name: Lanclos, Kyle
name: Gates, John
name: Saylor, Michael
name: Ward, Jim
name: Pfister, Terry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new high-order adaptive optics system is now being commissioned at the Lick Observatory Shane 3-meter telescope in California. This system uses a high return efficiency sodium beacon and a combination of low and high-order deformable mirrors to achieve diffraction-limited imaging over a wide spectrum of infrared science wavelengths covering 0.8 to 2.2 microns. We present the design performance goals and the first on-sky test results. We discuss several innovations that make this system a pathfinder for next generation AO systems. These include a unique woofer-tweeter control that provides full dynamic range correction from tip/tilt to 16 cycles, variable pupil sampling wavefront sensor, new enhanced silver coatings developed at UC Observatories that improve science and LGS throughput, and tight mechanical rigidity that enables a multi-hour diffraction- limited exposure in LGS mode for faint object spectroscopy science.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation conference, paper 9148-76
Intergenerational Wealth Transmission and the Dynamics of Inequality in Small-Scale Societies
Creators: name: Wiessner, P.
name: Leonetti, D.
name: Schniter, E.
name: Kaplan, H.
name: Mulder, M. B.
name: Marlowe, F.
name: Hooper, P. L.
name: Shenk, M.
name: Quinlan, R.
name: McElreath, R.
name: Bell, A.
name: Gurven, M.
name: Beise, J.
name: Irons, W.
name: Piraino, P.
name: Hertz, T.
name: Naidu, S.
name: Sear, R.
name: Smith, E. A.
name: Clark, G.
name: Bowles, S.
name: Nolin, D.
name: Hill, K.
name: Low, B.
name: von Rueden, C.
name: Fazzio, I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Small-scale human societies range from foraging bands with a strong egalitarian ethos to more economically stratified agrarian and pastoral societies. We explain this variation in inequality using a dynamic model in which a population’s long-run steady-state level of inequality depends on the extent to which its most important forms of wealth are transmitted within families across generations. We estimate the degree of intergenerational transmission of three different types of wealth (material, embodied, and relational) as well as the extent of wealth inequality in 21 historical and contemporary populations. We show that intergenerational transmission of wealth and wealth inequality are substantial among pastoral and small-scale agricultural societies (on a par with or even exceeding the most unequal modern industrial economies) and quite limited among horticultural and foraging peoples (equivalent to the most egalitarian of modern industrial populations). Differences in the technology by which a people derive their livelihood and in the institutions and norms making up the economic system jointly contribute to this pattern.
Anomalous radiative transitions
Creators: name: Ishikawa, Kenzo
name: Tajima, Toshiki
name: Tobita, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anomalous transitions involving photons derived by many-body interaction of the form, $\partial_μ G^μ$, in the standard model are studied. This does not affect the equation of motion in the bulk, but makes wave functions modified, and causes the unusual transition characterized by the time-independent probability. In the transition probability at a time-interval $T$ expressed generally in the form $P=T Γ_0 +P^{(d)}$, now with $ P^{(d)} \neq 0 $. The diffractive term $P^{(d)}$ has the origin in the overlap of waves of the initial and final states, and reveals the characteristics of waves. In particular, the processes of the neutrino-photon interaction ordinarily forbidden by Landau-Yang's theorem ($Γ_0=0$) manifests itself through the boundary interaction. The new term leads to physical processes over a wide energy range to have finite probabilities. New methods of detecting neutrinos using laser are proposed that are based on this difractive term, which enhance the detectability of neutrinos by many orders of magnitude.
description: 47 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, typos corrected
Computational approach to the simulation of sapphire crystals growth by horizontal directed crystallization method
Creators: name: Klunnikova, Y.V.
name: Anikeev, M.V.
name: Nackenhorst, Udo
name: Filimonov, A.V.
Publisher: name: Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Crystal growth
subject: Computational approach
subject: Directed crystallization
subject: Growth simulation
subject: High quality
subject: Integrated approach
subject: Sapphire crystal
subject: Thermally induced stress
subject: Sapphire
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: In this article we present an integrated approach to sapphire crystals growth simulation. Thermally induced stresses in sapphire crystals growing by horizontal directed crystallization are simulated by finite element method. The simulation results correspond to experimental observations. The results of the investigation allow to improve the process of crystal growth to obtain high quality large sapphire crystal. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Supernova dust formation and the grain growth in the early universe: The critical metallicity for low-mass star formation
Creators: name: Chiaki, Gen
name: Marassi, Stefania
name: Nozawa, Takaya
name: Yoshida, Naoki
name: Schneider, Raffaella
name: Omukai, Kazuyuki
name: Limongi, Marco
name: Chieffi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the condition for the formation of low-mass second-generation stars in the early universe. It has been proposed that gas cooling by dust thermal emission can trigger fragmentation of a low-metallicity star-forming gas cloud. In order to determine the critical condition in which dust cooling induces the formation of low-mass stars, we follow the thermal evolution of a collapsing cloud by a one-zone semi-analytic collapse model. Earlier studies assume the dust amount in the local universe, where all refractory elements are depleted onto grains, and/or assume the constant dust amount during gas collapse. In this paper, we employ the models of dust formation and destruction in early supernovae to derive the realistic dust compositions and size distributions for multiple species as the initial conditions of our collapse calculations. We also follow accretion of heavy elements in the gas phase onto dust grains, i.e., grain growth, during gas contraction. We find that grain growth well alters the fragmentation property of the clouds, and that this still does not approach to the value in the local universe. The critical conditions can be written by the gas metallicity Zcr and the initial depletion efficiency fdep,0 of gas-phase metal onto grains, or dust-to-metal mass ratio, as (Zcr/10^{-5.5} Zsun) = (fdep,0/0.18)^{-0.44} with small scatters in the range of Zcr = [0.06--3.2]x10^{-5} Zsun. We also show that the initial dust composition and size distribution are important to determine Zcr.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of The effects of an SPM-enriched marine oil and bioavailable curcumin combination on inflammation-associated discomfort in generally healthy individuals: a virtual open-label pilot study
Creators: name: Jaja-Chimedza, Asha
name: Hirsh, Steven
name: Bruce, Dainian
name: Bou-Sliman, Tony
name: Joyal, Steven
name: Swick, Andrew G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Medical Symptoms Questionnaire. Figure S1. Response of participants to the satisfaction survey at the end of the study (n=12).
Acetylation of Metabolic Enzymes Coordinates Carbon Source Utilization and Metabolic Flux
Creators: name: Yang, C.
name: Xiong, Y.
name: Zhao, W.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Guan, K.-L.
name: Zhao, G.-P.
name: Wang, Q.
name: Lin, Y.
name: Li, H.
name: Xie, L.
name: Yao, J.
name: Zhao, S.
name: Ning, Z.-B.
name: Yao, Y.
name: Zeng, R.
name: Xiong, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Lysine acetylation regulates many eukaryotic cellular processes, but its function in prokaryotes is largely unknown. We demonstrated that central metabolism enzymes in Salmonella were acetylated extensively and differentially in response to different carbon sources, concomitantly with changes in cell growth and metabolic flux. The relative activities of key enzymes controlling the direction of glycolysis versus gluconeogenesis and the branching between citrate cycle and glyoxylate bypass were all regulated by acetylation. This modulation is mainly controlled by a pair of lysine acetyltransferase and deacetylase, whose expressions are coordinated with growth status. Reversible acetylation of metabolic enzymes ensure that cells respond environmental changes via promptly sensing cellular energy status and flexibly altering reaction rates or directions. It represents a metabolic regulatory mechanism conserved from bacteria to mammals.
Alleviating Cancer Drug Toxicity by Inhibiting a Bacterial Enzyme
Creators: name: Redinbo, M. R.
name: Scott, J. E.
name: Yeh, L.-A.
name: Mani, S.
name: Venkatesh, M.
name: Wallace, B. D.
name: Lane, K. T.
name: Koo, J. S.
name: Orans, J.
name: Wang, H.
name: Jobin, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The dose-limiting side effect of the common colon cancer chemotherapeutic CPT-11 is severe diarrhea caused by symbiotic bacterial β-glucuronidases that reactivate the drug in the gut. We sought to target these enzymes without killing the commensal bacteria essential for human health. Potent bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibitors were identified by high-throughput screening and shown to have no effect on the orthologous mammalian enzyme. Crystal structures established that selectivity was based on a loop unique to bacterial β-glucuronidases. Inhibitors were highly effective against the enzyme target in living aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, but did not kill the bacteria or harm mammalian cells. Finally, oral administration of an inhibitor protected mice from CPT-11–induced toxicity. Thus, drugs may be designed to inhibit undesirable enzyme activities in essential microbial symbiotes to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy.
Swan-like reducibility for Type I pentanomials over a binary field
Creators: name: Kim, Ryul
name: Pak, Su-Yong
name: Sin, Myong-Son
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11T06, 11T55, 12E05

description: Swan (Pacific J. Math. 12(3) (1962), 1099-1106) characterized the parity of the number of irreducible factors of trinomials over $F_2$. Many researchers have recently obtained Swan-like results on determining the reducibility of polynomials over finite fields. In this paper, we determine the parity of the number of irreducible factors for so-called Type I pentanomial $f(x)=x^m+x^{n+1}+x^n+x+1$ over $F_2$ with even $n$. Our result is based on the Stickelberger-Swan theorem and Newton's formula which is very useful for the computation of the discriminant of a polynomial.
description: 15 pages, 0 figures
Dnmt3a-Dependent Nonpromoter DNA Methylation Facilitates Transcription of Neurogenic Genes
Creators: name: Tao, J.
name: Xie, W.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Li, E.
name: Yoshikawa, K.
name: Ge, W.
name: Coskun, V.
name: Wu, H.
name: Sun, Y. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: DNA methylation at proximal promoters facilitates lineage restriction by silencing cell type–specific genes. However, euchromatic DNA methylation frequently occurs in regions outside promoters. The functions of such nonproximal promoter DNA methylation are unclear. Here we show that the de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a is expressed in postnatal neural stem cells (NSCs) and is required for neurogenesis. Genome-wide analysis of postnatal NSCs indicates that Dnmt3a occupies and methylates intergenic regions and gene bodies flanking proximal promoters of a large cohort of transcriptionally permissive genes, many of which encode regulators of neurogenesis. Surprisingly, Dnmt3a-dependent nonproximal promoter methylation promotes expression of these neurogenic genes by functionally antagonizing Polycomb repression. Thus, nonpromoter DNA methylation by Dnmt3a may be used for maintaining active chromatin states of genes critical for development.
Broad Diversity Statements and Discrimination
Creators: name: Hildebrand, Laura K.
name: Franki Y. H. Kung
name: Kirby, Teri A.
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Despite strong social norms and formal policies against discrimination, discrimination persists towards people with marginalized identities. Broad definitions of diversity may partially contribute to this problem. Broad definitions of diversity, which include values, ideologies, educational, and life experiences as diversity characteristics, contrast with narrow definitions of diversity, which focus on legally-protected demographic categories, including race, gender, age, disability, and sexual orientation. On the surface, such broad definitions of diversity may seem positive: After all, one may think, isn’t a broader definition of diversity more inclusive? We argue that broad definitions of diversity may actually backfire. Specifically, broad definitions of diversity may exacerbate discrimination by providing a justification or excuse for such discrimination. The present study aims to provide initial evidence of the relation between broad definitions and discrimination. Specifically, we will use archival data provided by Fortune’s “Measure Up” initiative to examine the relation between diversity statement and the percentage of employees of color.
Heritable Individual-Specific and Allele-Specific Chromatin Signatures in Humans
Creators: name: Lee, B. K.
name: Furey, T. S.
name: Scott, L. J.
name: Song, L.
name: Boyle, A. P.
name: Battenhouse, A.
name: Iyer, V. R.
name: Birney, E.
name: Kucera, K. S.
name: Lieb, J. D.
name: Collins, F. S.
name: Crawford, G. E.
name: Liu, Z.
name: Morken, M. A.
name: Erdos, M. R.
name: Willard, H. F.
name: Keefe, D.
name: McDaniell, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The extent to which variation in chromatin structure and transcription factor binding may influence gene expression, and thus underlie or contribute to variation in phenotype, is unknown. To address this question, we cataloged both individual-to-individual variation and differences between homologous chromosomes within the same individual (allele-specific variation) in chromatin structure and transcription factor binding in lymphoblastoid cells derived from individuals of geographically diverse ancestry. Ten percent of active chromatin sites were individual-specific; a similar proportion were allele-specific. Both individual-specific and allele-specific sites were commonly transmitted from parent to child, which suggests that they are heritable features of the human genome. Our study shows that heritable chromatin status and transcription factor binding differ as a result of genetic variation and may underlie phenotypic variation in humans.
Galilean Conformal Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Bagchi, Arjun
name: Basu, Rudranil
name: Mehra, Aditya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Maxwell's Electrodynamics admits two distinct Galilean limits called the Electric and Magnetic limits. We show that the equations of motion in both these limits are invariant under the Galilean Conformal Algebra in D=4, thereby exhibiting non-relativistic conformal symmetries. Remarkably, the symmetries are infinite dimensional and thus Galilean Electrodynamics give us the first example of an infinitely extended Galilean Conformal Field Theory in D>2. We examine details of the theory by looking at purely non-relativistic conformal methods and also use input from the limit of the relativistic theory.
description: 32 pages; v2: minor modifications, some references added, journal version
How the Noninflammasome NLRs Function in the Innate Immune System
Creators: name: Duncan, J. A.
name: Ting, J. P. Y.
name: Lei, Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: NLR (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing) proteins have rapidly emerged as central regulators of immunity and inflammation with demonstrated relevance to human diseases. Much attention has focused on the ability of several NLRs to activate the inflammasome complex and drive proteolytic processing of inflammatory cytokines; however, NLRs also regulate important inflammasome-independent functions in the immune system. In this review, we will discuss several of these functions, including the regulation of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB activation, MAP kinase activation, cytokine and chemokine production, antimicrobial reactive oxygen species production, type I interferon production, and RNase L activity. We will also explore the mechanistic basis of these functions and present current challenges in the field.