cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ancient Jomon genome sequence analysis sheds light on migration patterns of early East Asian populations
Creators: name: Gakuhari, Takashi
name: Nakagome, Shigeki
name: Rasmussen, Simon
name: Allentoft, Morten E.
name: Sato, Takehiro
name: Korneliussen, Thorfinn
name: Chuinneagáin, Blánaid Ní
name: Matsumae, Hiromi
name: Koganebuchi, Kae
name: Schmidt, Ryan
name: Mizushima, Souichiro
name: Kondo, Osamu
name: Shigehara, Nobuo
name: Yoneda, Minoru
name: Kimura, Ryosuke
name: Ishida, Hajime
name: Masuyama, Tadayuki
name: Yamada, Yasuhiro
name: Tajima, Atsushi
name: Shibata, Hiroki
name: Toyoda, Atsushi
name: Tsurumoto, Toshiyuki
name: Wakebe, Tetsuaki
name: Shitara, Hiromi
name: Hanihara, Tsunehiko
name: Willerslev, Eske
name: Sikora, Martin
name: Oota, Hiroki
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/631/208/182
/631/208/457
/631/181/19
/631/181/27
/631/181/2474
article

description: Funder: The excavation of the Ikawazu Jomon individual was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (25284157) to YY. The Ikawazu Jomon genome project was organized by HI, and TH & HO who were supported by MEXT KAKENHI Grant Numbers 16H06408 and 17H05132, by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Cultural History of Paleoasia), and by Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research (23657167) and for Scientific Research (B) (17H03738). The Ikawazu Jomon genome sequencing was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16H06279 to ATo, and partly supported in the CHOZEN project in Kanazawa University, and in the Cooperative Research Project Program of the Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University. Computations for the Ikawazu Jomon genome were partially performed on the NIG supercomputer at ROIS National Institute of Genetics.
description: Abstract: Anatomically modern humans reached East Asia more than 40,000 years ago. However, key questions still remain unanswered with regard to the route(s) and the number of wave(s) in the dispersal into East Eurasia. Ancient genomes at the edge of the region may elucidate a more detailed picture of the peopling of East Eurasia. Here, we analyze the whole-genome sequence of a 2,500-year-old individual (IK002) from the main-island of Japan that is characterized with a typical Jomon culture. The phylogenetic analyses support multiple waves of migration, with IK002 forming a basal lineage to the East and Northeast Asian genomes examined, likely representing some of the earliest-wave migrants who went north from Southeast Asia to East Asia. Furthermore, IK002 shows strong genetic affinity with the indigenous Taiwan aborigines, which may support a coastal route of the Jomon-ancestry migration. This study highlights the power of ancient genomics to provide new insights into the complex history of human migration into East Eurasia.
Constraints on UED from W' searches
Creators: name: Flacke, Thomas
name: Menon, Arjun
name: Sullivan, Zack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain contraints on three Universal Extra Dimensional models utilizing limits from the CMS Collaboration on W' production and decay into a single-top-quark final state. We find a weak constraint on the Minimal Universal Extra Dimensions model due to small Kaluza-Klein number violating terms. In contrast, the W' search puts a strong limit on the size of the Dirac mass term of the quarks in Split Universal Extra Dimension models. In Non-minimal Universal Extra Dimension models the W' search constrains the splitting between the boundary localized kinetic terms of the gauge bosons and the quarks. Each of these bounds can be translated into constraints on the mass splitting between the Kaluza-Klein excitations of the SU(2) charged quarks and the Klauza-Klein excitations of the W boson.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures; Updated Draft and Figures
Weapon injuries in the crusader mass graves from a 13th century attack on the port city of Sidon (Lebanon)
Creators: name: Mikulski, Richard N. R.
name: Schutkowski, Holger
name: Smith, Martin J.
name: Doumet-Serhal, Claude
name: Mitchell, Piers D.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Engineering and technology
subject: FOS: Engineering and technology
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods
subject: Earth sciences

description: Archaeological excavations close to St Louis’ castle in Sidon, Lebanon have revealed two mass grave deposits containing partially articulated and disarticulated human skeletal remains. A minimum of 25 male individuals have been recovered, with no females or young children. Radiocarbon dating of the human remains, a crusader coin, and the design of Frankish belt buckles strongly indicate they belong to a single event in the mid-13th century CE. The skeletal remains demonstrate a high prevalence of unhealed sharp force, penetrating force and blunt force trauma consistent with medieval weaponry. Higher numbers of wounds on the back of individuals than the front suggests some were attacked from behind, possibly as they fled. The concentration of blade wounds to the back of the neck of others would be compatible with execution by decapitation following their capture. Taphonomic changes indicate the skeletal remains were left exposed for some weeks prior to being collected together and re-deposited in the defensive ditch by a fortified gateway within the town wall. Charring on some bones provides evidence of burning of the bodies. The findings imply the systematic clearance of partially decomposed corpses following an attack on the city, where adult and teenage males died as a result of weapon related trauma. The skeletons date from the second half of the Crusader period, when Christian-held Sidon came under direct assault from both the Mamluk Sultanate (1253 CE) and the Ilkhanate Mongols (1260 CE). It is likely that those in the mass graves died during one of these assaults.
A numerical framework for diffusion-controlled bimolecular-reactive systems to enforce maximum principles and non-negative constraint
Creators: name: Nakshatrala, K. B.
name: Mudunuru, M. K.
name: Valocchi, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a novel computational framework for diffusive-reactive systems that satisfies the non-negative constraint and maximum principles on general computational grids. The governing equations for the concentration of reactants and product are written in terms of tensorial diffusion-reaction equations. % We restrict our studies to fast irreversible bimolecular reactions. If one assumes that the reaction is diffusion-limited and all chemical species have the same diffusion coefficient, one can employ a linear transformation to rewrite the governing equations in terms of invariants, which are unaffected by the reaction. This results in two uncoupled tensorial diffusion equations in terms of these invariants, which are solved using a novel non-negative solver for tensorial diffusion-type equations. The concentrations of the reactants and the product are then calculated from invariants using algebraic manipulations. The novel aspect of the proposed computational framework is that it will always produce physically meaningful non-negative values for the concentrations of all chemical species. Several representative numerical examples are presented to illustrate the robustness, convergence, and the numerical performance of the proposed computational framework. We will also compare the proposed framework with other popular formulations. In particular, we will show that the Galerkin formulation (which is the standard single-field formulation) does not produce reliable solutions, and the reason can be attributed to the fact that the single-field formulation does not guarantee non-negative solutions. We will also show that the clipping procedure (which produces non-negative solutions but is considered as a variational crime) does not give accurate results when compared with the proposed computational framework.
The Teukolsky–Starobinsky constants: facts and fictions
Creators: name: Casals, Marc
name: Teixeira Da Costa, Rita
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paper
black holes
linearized gravity
classical general relativity
Teukolsky master equations

description: Abstract: The Teukolsky master equation describes the dynamics of massless fields with spin on a Kerr black hole. Under separation of variables, spin-reversal for this equation is accomplished through the so-called Teukolsky–Starobinsky identities. These identities are associated to the so-called Teukolsky–Starobinsky constants, which are spin-dependent. We collect some properties of the Teukolsky–Starobinsky constants and dispel some myths present in the literature. We show that, contrary to popular belief, these constants can be negative for spin larger than 2. Such fields thus exhibit a novel form of energy amplification which occurs for non-superradiant frequencies.
Numerical space-times near space-like and null infinity. The spin-2 system on Minkowski space
Creators: name: Beyer, Florian
name: Doulis, Georgios
name: Frauendiener, Jörg
name: Whale, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C05, 83C30, 83C35, 83C60

description: In this paper we demonstrate for the first time that it is possible to solve numerically the Cauchy problem for the linearisation of the general conformal field equations near spacelike infinity, which is only well-defined in Friedrich's cylinder picture. We have restricted ourselves here to the "core" of the equations - the spin-2 system - propagating on Minkowski space. We compute the numerical solutions for various classes of initial data, do convergence tests and also compare to exact solutions. We also choose initial data which intentionally violate the smoothness conditions and then check the analytical predictions about singularities. This paper is the first step in a long-term investigation of the use of conformal methods in numerical relativity.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures, final version as published in Class. Quant. Grav
Bioengineered embryoids mimic post-implantation development in vitro
Creators: name: Girgin, Mehmet U.
name: Broguiere, Nicolas
name: Hoehnel, Sylke
name: Brandenberg, Nathalie
name: Mercier, Bastien
name: Arias, Alfonso Martinez
name: Lutolf, Matthias P.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/1647/767
/631/136/1455
/631/532/2117
/631/532/1360
/639/166/985
/13
/13/100
/13/107
article

description: Abstract: The difficulty of studying post-implantation development in mammals has sparked a flurry of activity to develop in vitro models, termed embryoids, based on self-organizing pluripotent stem cells. Previous approaches to derive embryoids either lack the physiological morphology and signaling interactions, or are unconducive to model post-gastrulation development. Here, we report a bioengineering-inspired approach aimed at addressing this gap. We employ a high-throughput cell aggregation approach to simultaneously coax mouse embryonic stem cells into hundreds of uniform epiblast-like aggregates in a solid matrix-free manner. When co-cultured with mouse trophoblast stem cell aggregates, the resulting hybrid structures initiate gastrulation-like events and undergo axial morphogenesis to yield structures, termed EpiTS embryoids, with a pronounced anterior development, including brain-like regions. We identify the presence of an epithelium in EPI aggregates as the major determinant for the axial morphogenesis and anterior development seen in EpiTS embryoids. Our results demonstrate the potential of EpiTS embryoids to study peri-gastrulation development in vitro.
Quantitative analysis of the effects of morphological changes on extracellular electron transfer rates in cyanobacteria
Creators: name: Okedi, Tonny I.
name: Fisher, Adrian C.
name: Yunus, Kamran
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Methodology
Morphology
Extracellular electron transfer
Cyanobacteria
Synechococcus elongatus sp. PCC7942
Mass transfer

description: Funder: Cambridge Commonwealth, European and International Trust; Grant(s): http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003343
description: Abstract: Background: Understanding the extracellular electron transport pathways in cyanobacteria is a major factor towards developing biophotovoltaics. Stressing cyanobacteria cells environmentally and then probing changes in physiology or metabolism following a significant change in electron transfer rates is a common approach for investigating the electron path from cell to electrode. However, such studies have not explored how the cells’ concurrent morphological adaptations to the applied stresses affect electron transfer rates. In this paper, we establish a ratio to quantify this effect in mediated systems and apply it to Synechococcus elongatus sp. PCC7942 cells grown under different nutritional regimes. Results: The results provide evidence that wider and longer cells with larger surface areas have faster mediated electron transfer rates. For rod-shaped cells, increase in cell area as a result of cell elongation more than compensates for the associated decline in mass transfer coefficients, resulting in faster electron transfer. In addition, the results demonstrate that the extent to which morphological adaptations account for the changes in electron transfer rates changes over the bacterial growth cycle, such that investigations probing physiological and metabolic changes are meaningful only at certain time periods. Conclusion: A simple ratio for quantitatively evaluating the effects of cell morphology adaptations on electron transfer rates has been defined. Furthermore, the study points to engineering cell shape, either via environmental conditioning or genetic engineering, as a potential strategy for improving the performance of biophotovoltaic devices.
Fractal Dynamics in Chaotic Quantum Transport
Creators: name: Kotimaki, Ville
name: Rasanen, Esa
name: Hennig, Holger
name: Heller, Eric J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite several experiments on chaotic quantum transport in two-dimensional systems such as semiconductor quantum dots, corresponding quantum simulations within a real-space model have been out of reach so far. Here we carry out quantum transport calculations in real space and real time for a two-dimensional stadium cavity that shows chaotic dynamics. By applying a large set of magnetic fields we obtain a complete picture of magnetoconductance that indicates fractal scaling. In the calculations of the fractality we use detrended fluctuation analysis -- a widely used method in time series analysis -- and show its usefulness in the interpretation of the conductance curves. Comparison with a standard method to extract the fractal dimension leads to consistent results that, in turn, qualitatively agree with the previous experimental data.
description: to appear in Phys. Rev. E (2013)
Convergence of Fubini-Study currents for orbifold line bundles
Creators: name: Coman, Dan
name: Marinescu, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary 32L10, Secondary 32U40, 32C20, 53C55

description: We discuss positive closed currents and Fubini-Study currents on orbifolds, as well as Bergman kernels of singular Hermitian orbifold line bundles. We prove that the Fubini-Study currents associated to high powers of a semipositive singular line bundle converge weakly to the curvature current on the set where the curvature is strictly positive, generalizing a well-known theorem of Tian. We include applications to the asymptotic distribution of zeros of random holomorphic sections.
description: 27 pages; v.2 is a final update to agree with the published paper
Eunicidae
Creators: name: Pagliosa, Paulo Roberto
name: Doria, João Gabriel
name: Alves, Giorgia Freitas
name: Almeida, Tito Cesar Marques De
name: Lorenzi, Luciano
name: Netto, Sergio Antonio
name: Lana, Paulo Da Cunha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Eunicida
Eunicidae

description: Family Eunicidae   Species: Eunice binominata Quatrefages 1865 References: Rullier & Amoureux (1979) Environment: Inner continental shelf Depth: 6 m
Coordinates: unknown
 Species: Eunice insularis Nogueira, Steiner & Amaral 2001 References: Silva (2002)
Environment: unknown
Depth: unknown
Coordinates: unknown
 Species: Eunice rubra Grube 1856 References: Blankensteyn et al. (2003) Environment: Inner continental shelf Depth: 7–25 m
Coordinates: 27°15'S / 48°25'W
 Species: Eunice stigmatura (Verrill 1900) References: Silva (2002)
Environment: unknown
Depth: unknown
Coordinates: unknown
 Species: Eunice unifrons (Verrill 1900) References: Attolini (2002)
Environment: Continental slope
Depth: 129–175 m
Coordinates: 27°48'S / 47°24'6"W, 26°22'30"S / 46°38'30"W, 27°10'18"S / 47°27'30"W
 Species: Eunice vittata (delle Chiaje 1828) References: Temperini (1981), Rohr & Almeida (2006) Environment: Continental slope
Depth: 145–183 m
Coordinates: 29°03'S / 48°00'W, 26°38'S / 46°52'W
 Species: Marphysa kinbergi McIntosh 1910
References: Temperini (1981), Lana (1984), Attolini (2002), Rohr & Almeida (2006)
Environment: Middle continental shelf, outer continental shelf, continental slope
Depth: 50–228 m
Coordinates: 26°34'S / 48°10'W, 26°38'0"S / 47°33'0"W, 26°38'S / 46°52'W, 27°00'S / 47°04'W, 27°19'12"S / 47°09'W,
28°35'S / 48°15'W, 27°29'S / 48°30'W
 Species: Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu 1815) References: Coelho (1992), Becker (2009)
Environment: Bay, tidal flat, estuarine beach
Depth: Intertidal– 6 m
Coordinates: 26°11'59"S / 48°37'41"W, 26°12'49"S / 48°36'51"W, 27°27'S / 48°37'W
 Species: Nematonereis cf. schmardae McIntosh 1885 References: Souza (2008)
Environment: Bay
Depth: 1–4 m
Coordinates: 27°35'S / 48°35'W
 Note: This material needs to be revised, since N. schmardae is most probably a species complex.
description: Published as part of Pagliosa, Paulo Roberto, Doria, João Gabriel, Alves, Giorgia Freitas, Almeida, Tito Cesar Marques De, Lorenzi, Luciano, Netto, Sergio Antonio & Lana, Paulo Da Cunha, 2012, Polychaetes from Santa Catarina State (southern Brazil): checklist and remarks on species distribution, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 3486 on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213667
Constraining Non-Standard Interactions of the Neutrino with Borexino
Creators: name: Agarwalla, Sanjib Kumar
name: Lombardi, Francesco
name: Takeuchi, Tatsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Borexino 153.6 ton.year data to place constraints on non-standard neutrino-electron interactions, taking into account the uncertainty in the 7Be solar neutrino flux, and backgrounds due to 85Kr and 210Bi beta-decay. We find that the bounds are comparable to existing bounds from all other experiments. Further improvement can be expected in Phase II of Borexino due to the reduction in the 85Kr background.
description: 21 pages, 16 pdf figures, 2 tables. Analysis updated including the uncertainty in sin^2\theta_{23}. Accepted in JHEP
Conducting online experimental research in Applied Linguistics: What do you need to know?
Creators: name: Mohd Jelani, Nurul Aini
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The year 2020 has been a challenging year for many people, including researchers. With the rampant spread of Covid-19, researchers have to think of ways to carry on with their work with limited and/or no face-to-face data collection. In this poster presentation, I will be sharing information on some of the things that researchers need to consider before, during and after carrying out online data collection. What are the advantages and disadvantages of online data collection? What tools are available to use? When collecting behavioural data, e.g. accuracy of response and/or response times, are the data collected through online method reliable? Can you provide prompt feedback to participants? What are other things researchers need to keep in mind as they run their experiments online? I will also be sharing some of the lessons I learnt during the course of developing the materials for my study, as well as during data collection stage. This poster will not only describe some benefits and challenges of conducting linguistic research via the internet but also offers recommendations to both researchers and research faculty for dealing with the challenges.
Josephson vortices and the Atiyah-Manton construction
Creators: name: Nitta, Muneto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that sine-Gordon solitons appear in the low-energy effective theory of a domain wall in a U(1) gauge theory with two charged complex scalar fields with masses, if we introduce the Josephson interaction term between the scalar fields. We identify these sine-Gordon solitons as vortices or CP(1) sigma model instantons in the bulk, which are absorbed into the domain wall world-volume. These vortices can be called as Josephson vortices since they appear in Josephson junctions of two superconductors. This set up gives a physical realization of a lower dimensional analogue of Atiyah-Manton construction of Skyrmions from instanton holonomy.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure, v2: published version
Quantum Monte Carlo study of spin-polarized deuterium
Creators: name: Beslic, I.
name: Markic, L. Vranjes
name: Casulleras, J.
name: Boronat, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state properties of spin-polarized deuterium (D$\downarrow$) at zero temperature are obtained by means of the diffusion Monte Carlo calculations within the fixed-node approximation. Three D$\downarrow$ species have been investigated (D$\downarrow_1$, D$\downarrow_2$, D$\downarrow_3$), corresponding respectively to one, two and three equally occupied nuclear spin states. Influence of the backflow correlations on the ground state energy of the systems is explored. The equilibrium densities for D$\downarrow_2$ and D$\downarrow_3$ liquids are obtained and compared with ones obtained in previous approximate prediction. The density and the pressure at which the gas-liquid phase transition occurs at $T$=0 is obtained for D$\downarrow_1$.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures, final version to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Quantum Gravitational Effects on Massive Fermions during Inflation I
Creators: name: Miao, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the one loop graviton contribution to the self-energy of a very light fermion on a locally de Sitter background. This result can be used to study the effect that a small mass has on the propagation of fermions through the sea of infrared gravitons generated by inflation. We employ dimensional regularization and obtain a fully renormalized result by absorbing all divergences with BPHZ counterterms. An interesting technical aspect of this computation is the need for two noninvariant counterterms owing to the breaking of de Sitter invariance by our gauge condition.
description: 81 pages, 3 figures, 42 tables, a modified version with several references added. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:gr-qc/0511140
Comments on `Systematics of radial and angular-momentum Regge trajectories of light non-strange $q\bar q$ states', Masjuan, Arriola and Broniowski
Creators: name: Bugg, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Masjuan, Arriola, and Broniowski [Phys. Rev. D85, 094006 (2012)] claim that the slope of the light-quark radial trajectories is 1.35 +- 0.04 GeV^2, disagreeing with the Crystal Barrel value 1.143 +- 0.013 GeV^2. There are defects in their choice of data. When these defects are revised, results come back close to the Crystal Barrel average for the slope. A revised average value is given here.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, 1 Table. Comments simplified. References added to statistical and systematic errors of Crystal Barrel data. Further discussion of dispersive effects added with clarifications of wording. The conclusion is that the N_c = 3 world is different from N_c -> infinity
Pion production in the MiniBooNE experiment
Creators: name: Lalakulich, Olga
name: Mosel, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: Charged current pion production gives information on the axial formfactors of nucleon resonances. It also introduces a noticeable background to quasi-elastic measurements on nuclear targets. Purpose: Understand pion production in neutrino interactions with nucleons and the reaction mechanism in nuclei. Method: The Giessen Boltzmann--Uehling--Uhlenbeck (GiBUU) model is used for an investigation of neutrino-nucleus reactions. Results: Theoretical results for integrated and differential cross sections for the MiniBooNE neutrino flux are compared to the data. Two sets of pion production data on elementary targets are used to obtain limits for the neutrino-nucleus reactions. Conclusions: The MiniBooNE pion production data are consistent with the BNL elementary data if a small flux renormalization is performed while the ANL input data lead to significantly too low cross sections. A final determination of in-medium effects requires new data on elementary (p,D) targets.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures, minor text changes, 1 footnote added. version as published in Phys.Rev. C87 (2013) 014602
Modelling non-dust fluids in cosmology
Creators: name: Christopherson, Adam J.
name: Hidalgo, J. C.
name: Malik, Karim A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Currently, most of the numerical simulations of structure formation use Newtonian gravity. When modelling pressureless dark matter, or `dust', this approach gives the correct results for scales much smaller than the cosmological horizon, but for scenarios in which the fluid has pressure this is no longer the case. In this article, we present the correspondence of perturbations in Newtonian and cosmological perturbation theory, showing exact mathematical equivalence for pressureless matter, and giving the relativistic corrections for matter with pressure. As an example, we study the case of scalar field dark matter which features non-zero pressure perturbations. We discuss some problems which may arise when evolving the perturbations in this model with Newtonian numerical simulations and with CMB Boltzmann codes.
description: 5 pages; v2: typos corrected and refs added, submitted version; v3: version to appear in JCAP
Mode-mixing quantum gates and entanglement without particle creation in periodically accelerated cavities
Creators: name: Bruschi, David Edward
name: Louko, Jorma
name: Faccio, Daniele
name: Fuentes, Ivette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that mode-mixing quantum gates can be produced by non-uniform relativistic acceleration. Periodic motion in cavities exhibits a series of resonant conditions producing entangling quantum gates between different frequency modes. The resonant condition associated with particle creation is the main feature of the dynamical Casimir effect which has been recently demonstrated in superconducting circuits. We show that a second resonance, which has attracted less attention since it implies negligible particle production, produces a beam splitting quantum gate leading to a resonant enhancement of entanglement which can be used as the first evidence of acceleration effects in mechanical oscillators. We propose a desktop experiment where the frequencies associated with this second resonance can be produced mechanically.
description: Ivette Fuentes previously published as Ivette Fuentes-Guridi and Ivette Fuentes-Schuller. v2: Quantitative analysis of entanglement production given in subsec IID
Electron attachment rates for PAH anions in the ISM and dark molecular clouds: dependence on their chemical properties
Creators: name: Carelli, F.
name: Grassi, T.
name: Gianturco, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CONTEXT: The attachment of free electrons to polycondensed aromatic ring molecules (PAHs) is studied for the variety of these molecules with different numbers of condensed rings and over a broad range of electron temperatures, using a multichannel quantum scattering approach. The calculations of the relevant cross sections are used in turn to model the corresponding attachment rates for each of the systems under study, and these rates are parametrized as a function of temperature using a commonly employed expression for two-body processes in the interstellar medium (ISM). AIM: The scope of this work is to use first principles to establish the influence of chemical properties on the efficiency of the electron-attachment process for PAHs. METHODS: Quantum multichannel scattering methods are employed to generate the relevant cross sections, hence the attachment rates, using integral elastic cross sections computed over a broad range of relevant energies, from threshold up to 1000 K and linking the attachment to low-energy resonant collisions. RESULTS: The rates obtained for the present molecules are found to markedly vary within the test ensemble of the present work and to be lower than the earlier values used for the entire class of PAHs anions, when modelling their evolutions in ISM environments. The effects of such differences on the evolutions of chemical networks that include both PAH and PAH- species are analysed in some detail and related to previous calculations.
description: accepted to be published on A&A
Spin-pumping and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy in topological insulators
Creators: name: Hurley, Aaron
name: Narayan, Awadhesh
name: Sanvito, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that a quantum spin Hall current, spontaneously generated at the edge of a two-dimensional topological insulator, acts as a source of spin-pumping for a magnetic impurity with uniaxial anisotropy. One can then manipulate the impurity spin direction by means of an electrical current without using either magnetic electrodes or an external magnetic field. Furthermore we show that the unique properties of the quantum spin Hall topological state have profound effects on the inelastic electron tunneling spectrum of the impurity. For low current densities inelastic spin-flip events do not contribute to the conductance. As a consequence the conductance steps, normally appearing at voltages corresponding to the spin excitations, are completely suppressed. In contrast an intense current leads to spin pumping and generates a transverse component of the impurity spin. This breaks the topological phase yielding to the conductance steps.
description: Updated text, added figure, published version
Baryons Matter: Why Luminous Satellite Galaxies Have Reduced Central Masses
Creators: name: Zolotov, Adi
name: Brooks, Alyson M.
name: Willman, Beth
name: Governato, Fabio
name: Pontzen, Andrew
name: Christensen, Charlotte
name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Quinn, Tom
name: Shen, Sijing
name: Wadsley, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using high resolution cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way-massed disk galaxies, we demonstrate that supernovae feedback and tidal stripping lower the central masses of bright (-15 < M_V < -8) satellite galaxies. These simulations resolve high density regions, comparable to giant molecular clouds, where stars form. This resolution allows us to adopt a prescription for H_2 formation and destruction that ties star formation to the presence of shielded, molecular gas. Before infall, supernova feedback from the clumpy, bursty star formation captured by this physically motivated model leads to reduced dark matter (DM) densities and shallower inner density profiles in the massive satellite progenitors (Mvir > 10^9 Msun, Mstar > 10^7 Msun) compared to DM-only simulations. The progenitors of the lower mass satellites are unable to maintain bursty star formation histories, due to both heating at reionization and gas loss from initial star forming events, preserving the steep inner density profile predicted by DM-only simulations. After infall, tidal stripping acts to further reduce the central densities of the luminous satellites, particularly those that enter with cored dark matter halos, increasing the discrepancy in the central masses predicted by baryon+DM and DM-only simulations. We show that DM-only simulations, which neglect the baryonic effects described in this work, produce denser satellites with larger central velocities. We provide a simple correction to the central DM mass predicted for satellites by DM-only simulations. We conclude that DM-only simulations should be used with great caution when interpreting kinematic observations of the Milky Way's dwarf satellites.
description: Version accepted for publication in ApJ. Now includes an appendix with a discussion of numerical convergence
Covariant multi-galileons and their generalisation
Creators: name: Padilla, Antonio
name: Sivanesan, Vishagan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find a covariant completion of the flat-space multi-galileon theory, preserving second-order field equations. We then generalise this to arrive at an enlarged class of second order theories describing multiple scalars and a single tensor, and conjecture that these are a multi-scalar version of Horndeski's most general scalar-tensor theory.
description: Reference to recent proof of generality of multi-scalar theory added. Some minor typos corrected
Phaenochilus kashaya Giorgi & Vandenberg 2012, new species
Creators: name: Giorgi, José Adriano
name: Vandenberg, Natalia J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Phaenochilus
Phaenochilus kashaya

description: 3. Phaenochilus kashaya Giorgi & Vandenberg, new species Phaenochilus kashaya Giorgi & Vandenberg, current article (original description; adult habitus, morphological details, and male genitalia figured). Phaenochilus punctifrons: Chunram & Sasaji 1980: 481 (provisional ID in a checklist of the Coccinellidae of Thailand) (misidentification); Chunram 2002: 112 (habitus photo) (misidentification), not Weise 1895. Type material: Holotype, male (USNM); paratypes (14 total), 8 males, 6 females (2, USNM; 2, AMNH; 2, CASC; 2, TDOA; 2, ECMP; 2, EUCJ; 2, IOZB). Type locality: THAILAND: Nakhon, Ratchasima, Sub Tao, N 14°29.45’ E 101°58.60’ Remarks: The broad oval parameres of the male genitalia (Fig. 13) will distinguish this species from congeneric species with a similar yellow to reddish orange or ferrugineus coloration. Phaenochilus kashaya further differs from P. metasternalis in possessing narrow, weakly explanate elytral margins (Figs 5, 27, 32–34), and from P. punctifrons in possessing a more expansive pronotum with the anterior pronotal margins on each side of the emargination subtruncate (Figs 28, 31). Chunram and Sasaji (1980) tentatively assigned a specimen from Chiang Mai Province to P. punctifrons, and subsequently published a photographic image of a specimen from the same locality in a book on the lady beetles of Thailand (Chunram 2002), but we believe these records to be a misidentification of P. kashaya.
description: Published as part of Giorgi, José Adriano & Vandenberg, Natalia J., 2012, Review of the lady beetle genus Phaenochilus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Chilocorini) with description of a new species from Thailand that preys on cycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha:, pp. 239-255 in Zootaxa 3478 on page 248
description: {"references": ["Chunram, S. & Sasaji, H. (1980) A contribution to the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of Thailand. Oriental Insects, 14 (4), 473 - 491.", "Chunram, S. (2002) Lady beetles in Thailand. Division of Entomology and Zoology. Department of Agriculture Science, 209 pp. (in Thai).", "Weise, J. (1895) Neue Coccinelliden sowie Bemerkungen zu bekannten Arten. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 39, 120 - 146 (in German)."]}
Das Gasbildungspotenzial von frischen und silierten Zuckerrüben bei der Biogasgewinnung
Creators: name: Weißbach, Friedrich
Publisher: name: LANDTECHNIK
Year: 2009

description: Das Gasbildungspotenzial von pflanzlicher Biomasse kann anhand des Parameters „Gehalt an fermentierbarer organischer Trockensubstanz“ (FoTS) bewerten werden. In dieser Studie wird untersucht, welche potenzielle Gasausbeute bei frischen und silierten Zuckerrüben je kg FoTS zu erwarten ist. Im Unterschied zu Halm- und Körnerfrüchten kann hier nicht mit einer praktisch konstanten Gasausbeute je kg FoTS gerechnet werden. Die Gasausbeute von silierten Zuckerrüben hängt vielmehr stark davon ab, in welchem Umfang während der Lagerung der Rüben im Silo Saccharose zu Ethanol umgesetzt worden ist.
description: LANDTECHNIK, Bd. 64 Nr. 6 (2009)
Many-body braiding phases in a rotating strongly correlated photon gas
Creators: name: Umucalilar, R. O.
name: Carusotto, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of a rotating trapped photon gas where a Laguerre-Gauss laser pump with a non-zero orbital angular momentum is used to inject rotating photons into a cavity with strong optical nonlinearity. The Laughlin-like few-photon eigenstates appear as sharp resonances in the transmission spectra. Using additional localized repulsive potentials, quasi-holes can be created in the quantum Hall liquid of photons and then braided around in space: an unambiguous signature of the many-body Berry phase under exchange of two quasi-holes is observed as a spectral shift of the corresponding transmission resonance.
description: Title change, published version
Effective Spin Couplings in the Mott Insulator of the Honeycomb Lattice Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Yang, H-Y.
name: Albuquerque, A. F.
name: Capponi, S.
name: Läuchli, A. M.
name: Schmidt, K. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent discovery of a spin liquid phase for the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice at half-filling, we apply both perturbative and non-perturbative techniques to derive effective spin Hamiltonians describing the low-energy physics of the Mott-insulating phase of the system. Exact diagonalizations of the so-derived models on small clusters are performed, in order to assess the quality of the effective low-energy theory in the spin-liquid regime. We show that six-spin interactions on the elementary loop of the honeycomb lattice are the dominant sub-leading effective couplings. A minimal spin model is shown to reproduce most of the energetic properties of the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice in its spin-liquid phase. Surprisingly, a more elaborate effective low-energy spin model obtained by a systematic graph expansion rather disagrees beyond a certain point with the numerical results for the Hubbard model at intermediate couplings.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Is there any information on micro-structure in microwave tomography of bone tissue?
Creators: name: Irastorza, Ramiro M.
name: Carlevaro, C. Manuel
name: Vericat, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, two-dimensional simulations of the microwave dielectric properties of models with ellipses and realistic models of trabecular bone tissue are performed. In these simulations, finite difference time domain methodology has been applied to simulate two-phase structures containing inclusions. The results presented here show that the micro-structure is an important factor in the effective dielectric properties of trabecular bone. We consider the feasibility of using the dielectric behaviour of bone tissue to be an indicator of bone health. The frequency used was 950 MHz. It was found that the dielectric properties can be used as an estimate of the degree of anisotropy of the micro-structure of the trabecular tissue. Conductivity appears to be the most sensitive parameter in this respect. Models with ellipse shaped-inclusions are also tested to study their application to modelling bone tissue. Models with ellipses that had an aspect ratio of a/b = 1.5 showed relatively good agreement when compared with realistic models of bone tissue. According to the results presented here, the anisotropy of trabecular bone must be accounted for when measuring its dielectric properties using microwave imaging.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
Holographic model of the S^{+/-} multiband superconductor
Creators: name: Krikun, A.
name: Kirilin, V. P.
name: Sadofyev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the holographic model of an $S^\pm$ multiband superconductor. This system is a candidate to explain the anomalous features of the iron-based superconductors (e.g. LaFeAsO, BFe2As2, and other pnictides and arsenides). We study the framework, which allows formation of the sign-interchanging order parameter. We also calculate the electric AC conductivity and study its features, related to the interband interaction.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures. v2: references added, misprints corrected. v3: published version
Fauveliopsidae
Creators: name: Pagliosa, Paulo Roberto
name: Doria, João Gabriel
name: Alves, Giorgia Freitas
name: Almeida, Tito Cesar Marques De
name: Lorenzi, Luciano
name: Netto, Sergio Antonio
name: Lana, Paulo Da Cunha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Fauveliopsidae

description: Family Fauveliopsidae   Species: Fauveliopsis fauchaldi Katzmann & Laubier 1974 References: Amaral & Rossi-Wongtschowski (2004) Environment: Continental slope
Depth: 430–433 m
Coordinates: 26°19'S / 46°14'42"W, 26°8'S / 45°56'W
description: Published as part of Pagliosa, Paulo Roberto, Doria, João Gabriel, Alves, Giorgia Freitas, Almeida, Tito Cesar Marques De, Lorenzi, Luciano, Netto, Sergio Antonio & Lana, Paulo Da Cunha, 2012, Polychaetes from Santa Catarina State (southern Brazil): checklist and remarks on species distribution, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 3486 on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213667
Shapes of Polynomial Julia Sets
Creators: name: Lindsey, Kathryn A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F45, 37F10

description: Any Jordan curve in the complex plane can be approximated arbitrarily well in the Hausdorff topology by Julia sets of polynomials. Finite collections of disjoint Jordan domains can be approximated by the basins of attraction of rational maps.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Conductivity of Coniglio-Klein clusters
Creators: name: Pose, Nicolas
name: Araujo, Nuno A. M.
name: Herrmann, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed numerical simulations of the $q$-state Potts model to compute the reduced conductivity exponent $t/ ν$ for the critical Coniglio-Klein clusters in two dimensions, for values of $q$ in the range $[1;4]$. At criticality, at least for $q<4$, the conductivity scales as $C(L) \sim L^{-\frac{t}ν}$, where $t$ and $ν$ are, respectively, the conductivity and correlation length exponents. For q=1, 2, 3, and 4, we followed two independent procedures to estimate $t / ν$. First, we computed directly the conductivity at criticality and obtained $t / ν$ from the size dependence. Second, using the relation between conductivity and transport properties, we obtained $t / ν$ from the diffusion of a random walk on the backbone of the cluster. From both methods, we estimated $t / ν$ to be $0.986 \pm 0.012$, $0.877 \pm 0.014$, $0.785 \pm 0.015$, and $0.658 \pm 0.030$, for q=1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. We also evaluated $t /ν$ for non integer values of $q$ and propose the following conjecture $40gt/ ν=72+20g-3g^2$ for the dependence of the reduced conductivity exponent on $q$, in the range $ 0 \leq q \leq 4$, where $g$ is the Coulomb gas coupling.
description: 10 figures and 2 tables
Unitarity and fuzzball complementarity: "Alice fuzzes but may not even know it!"
Creators: name: Avery, Steven G.
name: Chowdhury, Borun D.
name: Puhm, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the recent black hole firewall argument. For a black hole in a typical state we argue that unitarity requires every quantum of radiation leaving the black hole to carry information about the initial state. An information-free horizon is thus inconsistent with unitary at every step of the evaporation process (in particular both before and after Page time). The required horizon-scale structure is manifest in the fuzzball proposal which provides a mechanism for holding up the structure. In this context we want to address the experience of an infalling observer and discuss the recent fuzzball complementarity proposal. Unlike black hole complementarity and observer complementarity which postulate asymptotic observers experience a hot membrane while infalling ones pass freely through the horizon, fuzzball complementarity postulates that fine-grained operators experience the details of the fuzzball microstate and coarse-grained operators experience the black hole. In particular, this implies that an infalling detector tuned to energy E ~ T, where T is the asymptotic Hawking temperature, does not experience free infall while one tuned to E >> T does.
description: v3: 33 pages + citations, 8 figures, version accepted for publication