cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Quality of Public Transport Services: (Evidences from Anbessa and Sheger Public Transport service Enterprises, Addis Ababa)
Creators: name: Kagnew, Abate
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: The research aims to identify the major factors that affecting the quality of public transport service in Addis Ababa city, the largest and one of the fastest growing cities. Providing and improving the public transport service is extremely important to meet the demand of the rapidly growing mass mobility resulting from high population growth and galloping urbanization in and around the city. The important role played by this mode of transport due to its flexibility, accessibility, and affordability. However, numerous researches indicated that in all the parameters of the operational performance, the PTS sector operates below the international standard and has deficiency to meet the expected level of service quality. This paper attempts to assess the factors that affecting the Quality of PTS of the city by evidence of Anbessa and Sheger mass transport enterprises and customers. The research is done based on primary and secondary data accordingly; a questionnaire was distributed and has been administered to 374 respondents. Guided interviews with both enterprises management staffs' and finally the data was collected on sight observation. Both descriptive and inferential analytical techniques were used. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that the in dependent variables (assurance, responsiveness, reliability and value co-creation are reliable and the factors(Reliability)were statistically significant in customer perceived quality of public transport service quality, also the finding indicate that there is still the need for more effort to improve the quality of service delivered by the enterprises. The recommendation and suggestions of this research would serve as a basis to reinforce the customer perceived quality service of public transport beyond providing service. It can also provide insight to the enterprises to understand the key factors that affecting the PTS quality and asses its service delivering performances. The study contributes to public transport service quality improvement preparation and is value to the enterprises as well as authorities in public transport sectors.
Improved Measurement of the Contact Resistivity of ECA-Based Joints
Creators: name: Devoto, M.I.
name: Timofte, T.
name: Halm, A.
name: Tune, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 627-630
description: Electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) can replace soldering for the interconnection of cells within photovoltaic modules such as those based on IBC-based technology or the shingling interconnection approach. They can also be used for applications in which soldering is no longer appropriate or lacks long-term reliability, such as temperature-sensitive SHJ-based technology or vehicle-integrated photovoltaics. The aim of this work is to show further improvements in the development of a method to characterize the contact resistivity of joints based on these adhesives. The developed method, which is based in the Transmission Line Method, is shortly explained while the treatment of the raw data and the obtained results are clarified in detail. Samples were manufactured using nine different commercially available adhesives that contained different polymer matrices (acryl and epoxy) and conductive filler (silver and copper with silver coating). It is concluded that the introduction of the adhesive significantly increases the complexity of the system under study and increases the number of calculations required to remove non-important resistive components so that the contact resistivity of the joint can be extrapolated. It is also shown that although measurements per sample are statistically significant, a larger number of probes should be manufactured so as to extrapolate a non-misleading value. This means that many measurements per sample with several samples per ECA composition are required.
Degradation Evaluation of Thermoplastic Polyolefin Encapsulant Used in c-Si PV Modules and Laminates
Creators: name: Adothu, B.
name: Costa, F.R.
name: Mallick, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 631-639
description: Reliability and degradation product evaluation is the most important study to predict the long-term performance of new materials used in photovoltaic (PV) module encapsulation. Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) is a newly developed non-crosslinking encapsulant. Its reliability and degradation products have been evaluated and compared with the most commonly used ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer under UV and damp heat aging conditions. EVA glass-to-glass laminate shows strong fluorescence at the center, whereas TPO did not show any fluorescence during UV-365 aging. It has been found that the fluorescence brim pattern dominated in between the edge and center of solar cell for EVA, whereas TPO dominated only at the edges. This is due to the EVA mini PV laminate has four times higher oxygen diffusion length and coefficient than the TPO PV laminates during the Xenon aging. UV dose of 367.2 and 162 kWh/m2 is sufficient to detect the early-stage UV-induced discoloration degradation under the hot-dry climatic aging conditions. Electroluminescence images of TPO shows insignificant changes, whereas EVA shows strong metallization corrosion in 4000 h damp-heat tested PV modules. Due to this, overall 5% and & 7% power degradation has been observed for TPO and EVA, respectively. A factor of nine times higher acid index difference and two times higher hydroxyl index have been identified with infrared spectroscopy for EVA as compared to the TPO. A higher yellowness index has been observed for EVA during all three aging conditions. This work will help the PV industry and encapsulant manufacturers to understand the TPO degradation behavior in hot-dry and hot-humid situations.
Corrosion Behavior of the Metallization Including Ternary Glass Frits in the High-Temperature and High-Humidity Test
Creators: name: Semba, T.
name: Masuda, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 619-621
description: Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer generates acetic acid by hydrolysis, and this acetic acid corrodes the metallization in the PV modules. Metallization corrosion behaves differently depending on the composition of the glass frits contained in the metallization paste. In this study, we investigated the metallization corrosion using ternary composition of PbO-SiO2-TeO2 system glass frits in a high-temperature and high-humidity test. The electrical characteristics of the module with the metallization dropped rapidly over 2500 h of the test, and the EL dark areas spread from the cell edge and from near the busbars. Metallization corrosion also showed different behaviors at the cell edge and near the busbars. The glass layer corrosion at the interface of Si wafer was observed at the cell edge, and the gap formation between the bulk Ag and Si wafer was found at the vicinity of the busbars. These corrosions are due to the respective degradation of the binary glass frits of PbO-SiO2 system and TeO2-PbO system.
Thermomechanical Fatigue of Solder Joint and Interconnect Ribbon: Impact of Low Lamination Temperature
Creators: name: Lindholm, D.
name: Li, H.-Y.
name: Otnes, G.
name: Cattaneo, G.
name: Foss, S.E.
name: Fjær, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 622-626
description: Thermomechanical loads constitute an important stressor affecting the durability of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Because materials with very different coefficient of thermal expansion are stacked together at a pre-set pressure and temperature in the module lamination process, typically in the range of 140 to 160 C, stresses are induced in the module assembly after cooldown to room temperature. The purpose of our study was to understand the potential of a lower lamination temperature to reduce thermomechanical fatigue of PV modules, including effects both on the solder bond and the interconnect ribbons. This was done for two different encapsulants, EVA and POE. For this purpose, a three-dimensional FEM model was applied, using a temperature profile that accounted both for lamination and accelerated thermal cycling according to the IEC 61215 standard. With respect to thermomechanical fatigue, results show that a reduced lamination temperature lowers the subsequent thermomechanical stresses experienced both in the interconnect ribbons and the solder joint. Because degradation by means of thermomechanical fatigue of the cell interconnects is typically found among the main degradation modes in photovoltaic modules, our study concludes that a reduced lamination temperature has potential to extend the module lifetime in the field.
Optical Strain and Temperature Sensing within Photovoltaic Laminates
Creators: name: Nivelle, P.
name: Maes, L.
name: Poortmans, J.
name: Daenen, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 607-610
description: Quantifying the lifetime of photovoltaic modules is getting increasingly important with the aim to drive further technological developments, to reduce financial risks and to accelerate the deployment for new photovoltaic applications. Many lifetime limiting factors can be directly or indirect related to temperature and strain acting on the laminate constituents. In this work a novel optical sensing solution is proposed based on Fibre Bragg Grating sensors which enables a direct validation of the thermo-mechanical strain within a PV laminate. A combined sensor package enables a direct monitoring or validation of the thermo-mechanical stress of a PV cell during production, accelerated testing and field testing. Initial testing shows a high potential due to the non-invasive nature, high sensitivity, scalability and optical transparency.
On the muon scale of air showers and its application to the AGASA data
Creators: name: Gesualdi, Flavia
name: Dembinski, Hans
name: Shinozaki, Kenji
name: Supanitsky, Daniel A.
name: Pierog, Tanguy
name: Cazon, Lorenzo
name: Soldin, Dennis
name: Conceição, Rúben
Publisher: name: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)
Year: 2022

description: Recently, several experiments reported a muon deficit in air shower simulations with respect to the data. This problem can be studied using an estimator that quantifies the relative muon content of the data with respect to those of proton and iron Monte Carlo air shower simulations. We analyze two estimators. The first one, based on the logarithm of the mean of the muon content, is built from experimental considerations. It is ideal for comparing results from different experiments as it is independent of the detector resolution. The second estimator is based on the mean of the logarithm of the muon content, which implies that it depends on shower-to-shower fluctuations. It is linked to the mean-logarithmic mass $⟨ln A⟩$ through the Heitler-Matthews model. We study the properties of the estimators and their biases considering the knowns and unknowns of typical experiments. Furthermore, we study these effects in measurements of the muon density at 1000 m from the shower axis obtained by the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA). Finally, we report the estimates of the relative muon content of the AGASA data, which support a muon deficit in simulations. These estimates constitute valuable additional information of the muon content of air showers at the highest energies.
Frame-Dragging from Charged Rotating Body
Creators: name: Dubey, Anuj Kumar
name: Sen, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present paper, we have considered the three parameters: mass, charge and rotation to discuss their combined effect on frame dragging for a charged rotating body. If we consider the ray of light which is emitted radially outward from a rotating body then the frame dragging shows a periodic nature with respect to coordinate $ϕ$ (azimuthal angle). It has been found that the value of frame dragging obtains a maximum at, $ ϕ=\fracπ{2}$ and a minimum at $ ϕ=\frac{3 π}{2}$.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0811.2471 by other authors
Reliability Assessment for Industrial Soldered and Glued BJ-BC Solar Cell Interconnections
Creators: name: Timofte, T.
name: Großer, S.
name: Wade, R.
name: Fischer, T.
name: Rudolph, D.
name: Linster, J.
name: Devoto, M.I.
name: Tune, D.
name: Farneda, R.
name: Köhler, F.
name: Halm, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 611-618
description: The metallization scheme of the back-junction back-contact “ZEBRA” cell, which is a configuration based on several metallization and insulation paste layouts, having all busbars located at rear side [1], require only process adaptation at already existing automated mass production interconnection equipment, as well as comprehensive qualification. By means of that, also based on previous research [2], two interconnection technologies were considered for investigation: soldering and gluing with electrically conductive adhesive for PV (ECA), whereby one is epoxy- and the other one acrylic-based, both with silver particle fillers. For these contacting media available industrial equipment was used, a teamtechnik TT2100 stringer for soldering process, with a new interdigitated back contact cell (IBC) process and a teamtechnik TT1600ECA stringer for gluing process, also with process adaptation for IBC cell type. Both these new processes implied trials and several characterization techniques for identification of capability and for optimization. For testing long-term reliability of the joints, a setup for investigation of interconnection susceptibility to ageing factors (UV, temperature cycling and damp heat) was defined for unprotected samples (strings) and for samples protected by encapsulation (laminated). A suitable testing tool for our approach was the peel force measurement, which is a direct measure for the quality of the joint. Main target was to identify the optimal characterization and features specific for an industrial ready process for the IBC “ZEBRA” cells.
A Simple and Practical Linear Algebra Library Interface with Static Size Checking
Creators: name: Abe, Akinori
name: Sumii, Eijiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Linear algebra is a major field of numerical computation and is widely applied. Most linear algebra libraries (in most programming languages) do not statically guarantee consistency of the dimensions of vectors and matrices, causing runtime errors. While advanced type systems--specifically, dependent types on natural numbers--can ensure consistency among the sizes of collections such as lists and arrays, such type systems generally require non-trivial changes to existing languages and application programs, or tricky type-level programming. We have developed a linear algebra library interface that verifies the consistency (with respect to dimensions) of matrix operations by means of generative phantom types, implemented via fairly standard ML types and module system. To evaluate its usability, we ported to it a practical machine learning library from a traditional linear algebra library. We found that most of the changes required for the porting could be made mechanically, and changes that needed human thought are minor.
description: In Proceedings ML/OCaml 2014, arXiv:1512.01438
title: The Social Situations of Unmarried Mothers
Creators: name: Close, Paul
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: The study of which this thesis is a report, was an exploration of the social situations - that is, the social relationships and social lives -of young unmarried mothers. It was inspired by an interest in the concept and nature of poverty, and although not intended as a ’poverty study', it may contribute to a solution of the problems surrounding these issues. I set out with the belief, encouraged by 'common knowledge* and supported by the writings of various social commentators, including sociologists, on the subject, that unmarried mothers in our society are deviants and therefore stigmatized. I had gained the impression that unmarried mothers would attract widespread disapproval, censure, hostility and rejection from others, and that as a result they would suffer relatively high degrees of social isolation with the detrimental consequences that would have for their social lives. I expected that whatever their level of economic resources, say, they would probably be 'deprived', in the sense that their social situations would be 'abnor­mal'. However, there was a dearth of firm information which could be used to draw conclusions on these matters. Therefore I decided to investigate the social situations of young unmarried mothers with the aim of throwing some light on what these are like and why, and with this in mind I decided to carry out intensive interviews with a small sample of carefully selected young unmarried mothers and, for comparative purposes, with a similar sample of young widowed mothers. But I gradually formed the opinion as a result of, first of all, the available literature and data on the topic and, secondly, the information I began to gather during interviews, that my original ideas were perhaps largely mistaken. The possibility emerged that young unmarried mothers do not necessarily suffer high degrees of social isolation, nor abnormally restricted social Hues, and that if and when they do, it is not necessarily a result of the responses of others to their marital status. On the contrary, it appeared possible that if and when young unmarried mothers do suffer these things, it is simply because of their oun responses. Consequently, the focus of my attention shifted, and I became particu­larly interested in the nature and consequences of the meanings which unmarried mothers themselues attach to their marital status. On these grounds, coupled with the fact that I had found it impossible to locate the number of young widowed mothers I had wanted to interview, I decided to concentrate on interviews, with the unmarried mothers and on a detailed analysis of the information I would gather from a proportion of these. The following is a report of my findings, and it indicates that common knowledge and the available literature on the topic of unmarried motherhood are suspect. Of course, no firm conclusions can be drawn on the basis of my study. But it was, after all, only exploratory and it does point to possible conclusions and to hypotheses to be tested by further research.
Optical phonon modulation in semiconductors by surface acoustic waves
Creators: name: Iikawa, F.
name: Hernández-Mínguez, A.
name: Ramsteiner, M.
name: Santos, P. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the modulation of optical phonons in semiconductor crystal by surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagating on the crystal surface. The SAW fields induce changes on the order of 10\textsuperscript{-3} in the average Raman scattering intensity by optical phonons in Si and GaN crystals. The SAW-induced modifications in the Raman cross-section are dominated by the modulation of the optical phonon energy by the SAW strain field. In addition to this local contribution, the experiments give evidence for a weaker and non-local contribution arising from the spatial variation of the SAW strain field. The latter is attributed to the activation of optical modes with large wave vectors and, therefore, lower energies. The experimental results, which are well described by theoretical models for the two contributions, prove that optical phonons can be manipulated by SAWs with $μ$m wavelengths
Dark IV-Curves as a Method for in Situ Module Characterisation
Creators: name: Fröbel, J.
name: Jäckel, B.
name: Pander, M.
name: Zeller, U.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 589-593
description: For PV module characterization and intermediate assessment during a long-term stress test, the test has typically to be interrupted and the modules are brought to standard test conditions, which brings a number of disadvantages. The interruption of the test inevitably involves temperature changes and relaxation time. It is not possible to measure several test specimens at the same time, and the measurement is performed without the presence of the load. Therefore, methods are being considered to obtain information in-situ about the condition / health of the sample during the stress test. Measuring the dark IV curve of PV modules is a method to obtain information about the current state of the module even during an ongoing stress test. Depending on test conditions and setup dark IV curves can be measured easily. However, care must be taken not to influence sample temperature or to induce other degradation due to external applied voltages. Dark IV in-situ measurements generally allow detection of parameter changes (current I and voltage V) and thus in-situ analysis of tests with changing stresses, such as thermal cycling, humidity freeze, damp heat, PID degradation/recovery, LeTID or cyclic mechanical loading tests with a high number of cycles can be performed. The information gain depends on type of defect and not all defects can be detected as for example cell cracking and current mismatching of strings. Nevertheless, various types of defects found in the light IV curves of a module can be detected by dark IV curve. The change in shunt resistance during PID testing or the changes of the module during LeTID testing can be well tracked utilizing dark IV in-situ measurements. Defective bypass can be analyzed during the stress test while checking reverse voltage dependence of dark IV curve. This procedure is also easily applicable outdoor to assess larger quantities of modules regarding defective bypass diodes. Some defects that are easily visible in light IV curves and Electroluminescence (EL) are not easily detectable by the dark IV curves. Therefor conversion methods for temperature and irradiance should be used with care but can add information overall. Generally, dark IV curves offer the possibility to obtain data with higher temporal resolution, independent of timeconsuming intermediate measurements and allow therefor to monitor stress tests in more detail and possibly detect defects and degradation earlier. From this, improved stress models can be developed, e.g., to more accurately answer questions about the number of maximum stress cycles, i.e., when solder joints break, or whether degradation converges, i.e. during PID- recovery or extended LeTID tests.
Interventionelle Therapie der komplizierten Aortendissektion vom Typ B
Creators: name: Aboukoura, Mohamad
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: In der ASSIST-Studie wurden die klinischen Ergebnisse und die Entwicklung des wahren und des falschen Lumens sowie das Remodeling über einen Zeitraum von 1 Jahr bei Patienten mit komplizierter Typ-BAortendissektion, die mit TEVAR in Kombination mit einem distalen selbstexpandierenden offenen Nitinol-Stent behandelt wurden, mit TEVAR allein verglichen.
title: Falko. Eine Familie vielseitig annotierter Lernerkorpora des Deutschen als Fremdsprache
Creators: name: Hirschmann, Hagen
name: Lüdeling, Anke
name: Shadrova, Anna
name: Bobeck, Dominique
name: Klotz, Martin
name: Akbari, Roodabeh
name: Schneider, Sarah
name: Wan, Shujun
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt
Year: 2023

description: Falko ist ein frei zugängliches Lernerkorpus des schriftsprachlichen Deutschen als Fremdsprache und umfasst nach jahrelanger Erschließung neuer Textressourcen und der Anreicherung mit diversen Annotationsebenen eine Reihe einzelner Korpora, die teilweise sehr komplex strukturiert sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag stellen wir die komplexeste Datenressource aus der Reihe dieser Korpora vor – das Falko-Essay-Korpus, welches aktuell in einer neuen Version (3.0) erscheint und interessierten Forscherinnen und Forschern frei zur Verfügung steht.
GMRT observation of neutral atomic hydrogen gas in the COSMOS field at $z \sim 0.37$
Creators: name: Rhee, Jonghwan
name: Lah, Philip
name: Chengalur, Jayaram N.
name: Briggs, Frank H.
name: Colless, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of HI spectral stacking analysis of Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations targeting the COSMOS field. The GMRT data cube contains 474 field galaxies with redshifts known from the zCOSMOS-bright 10k catalogue. Spectra for the galaxies are co-added and the stacked spectrum allows us to make a $\sim 3σ$ measurement of the average HI mass. Using this average HI mass along with the integral optical $B$-band luminosity of the galaxies and the luminosity density of the COSMOS field, a volume normalisation is applied to obtain the cosmic HI mass density ($Ω_{\rm HI}$). We find a cosmic HI mass density of $Ω_{\rm HI}$ = (0.42 $\pm$ 0.16) $\times$ 10$^{-3}$ at $z \sim 0.37$, which is the highest-redshift measurement of $Ω_{\rm HI}$ ever made using HI spectral stacking. The value we obtained for $Ω_{\rm HI}$ at $z \sim 0.37$ is consistent with that measured from large blind 21-cm surveys at $z = 0$ as well as measurements from other HI stacking experiments at lower redshifts. Our measurement in conjunction with earlier measurements indicates that there has been no significant evolution of HI gas abundance over the last 4 Gyr. A weighted mean of $Ω_{\rm HI}$ from all 21-cm measurements at redshifts $z \lesssim 0.4$ gives $Ω_{\rm HI}$ = (0.35 $\pm$ 0.01) $\times$ 10$^{-3}$. The $Ω_{\rm HI}$ measured (from HI 21-cm emission measurements) at $z \lesssim 0.4$ is however approximately half that measured from Damped Lyman-$α$ Absorption (DLA) systems at $z \gtrsim 2$. Deeper surveys with existing and upcoming instruments will be critical to understand the evolution of $Ω_{\rm HI}$ in the redshift range intermediate between $z \sim 0.4$ and the range probed by DLA observations.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Akute mesenteriale Ischämie
Creators: name: Neese, Manuela
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Die AMI ist der vaskuläre Notfall des Viszeralchirurgen. Eine rasche Diagnosestellung und die sofortige Erstellung eines interdisziplinären Therapiekonzeptes ermöglichen es, die hohe Mortalität zu senken. Zeitgewinn gilt als entscheidendes prognostisches Kriterium. Das operative Spektrum umfasst gefäßchirurgische Maßnahmen zur vaskulären Rekonstruktion, Darmresektionen sowie kombinierte Eingriffe. Ein erfolgreiche frühzeitige Wiederanschlussoperation nach Stoma-Anlage ist ein guter Prognosefaktor für das Langzeitüberleben. Die QoL bei Patienten mit MVT ist besser als bei Patienten mit AMI.
Encoding M classical bits in the arrival time of dense-coded photons
Creators: name: Hegazy, Salem F.
name: Morra, Ahmed E.
name: Obayya, Salah S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scheme to encode M extra classical bits to a dense-coded pair of photons. By tuning the delay of an entangled pair of photons to one of 2^M time-bins and then applying one of the quantum dense coding protocols, a receiver equipped with a synchronized clock of reference is able to decode M bits (via classical time-bin encoding) + 2 bits (via quantum dense coding). This protocol, yet simple, does not dispense several special features of the used programmable delay apparatus to maintain the coherence of the two-photon state. While this type of time-domain encoding may be thought to be ideally of boundless photonic capacity (by increasing the number of available time-bins), errors due to the environmental noise and the imperfect devices and channel evolve with the number of time-bins.
description: SPIE 2016
Constraining the equation of state of nuclear matter from competition of fusion and quasi-fission in the reactions leading to production of the superheavy elements
Creators: name: Veselsky, Martin
name: Klimo, Jozef
name: Ma, Yu-Gang
name: Souliotis, Georgios A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism of fusion hindrance, an effect preventing the synthesis of superheavy elements in the reactions of cold and hot fusion, is investigated using the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation, where Coulomb interaction is introduced. A strong sensitivity is observed both to the modulus of incompressibility of symmetric nuclear matter, controlling the competition of surface tension and Coulomb repulsion, and to the stiffness of the density-dependence of symmetry energy, influencing the formation of the neck prior to scission. The experimental fusion probabilities were for the first time used to derive constraints on the nuclear equation of state. A strict constraint on the modulus of incompressibility of nuclear matter $K_0 = 240 - 260$ MeV is obtained while the stiff density-dependences of the symmetry energy ($γ>1.$) are rejected.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Bewußtseinsbildung und Alphabetisierung im Denken Paulo Freires
Creators: name: Cunha, Rogério Almeida
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 9 Nr. 5 (1973): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 9, Heft 5
Interlaboratory Comparison of Voltage Sweep Methods Used for the Electrical Characterization of Encapsulated High-Efficiency c-Si Solar Cells
Creators: name: Monokroussos, C.
name: Yoshita, M.
name: Yamagoe, K.
name: Müllejans, H.
name: Pavanello, D.
name: Ramspeck, K.
name: Hinken, D.
name: Bothe, K.
name: Fujita, Y.
name: Arnoux, G.
name: Pinto, F.
name: Ambigapathy, R.
name: Shi, Q.
name: Wilterdink, H.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Ping, Y.
name: Gao, J.Q.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 594-601
description: This work presentsthe comparison of measurement resultsfor four types of encapsulated high efficiency (HE) c-Si solar cells measured by ten laboratories based in Asia, Europe and North America utilizing a wide range of voltage sweeping methods, which include well-established procedures that represent good industry practice, as well as recently introduced ones that have not been verified yet. A proficiency test was employed to examine the consistency of results and their corresponding uncertainties. The results of all participant laboratories generally remained well within [−1; 1], thus indicating consistency between the measured values and the reference values within stated measurement uncertainties. A preliminary analysis revealed that differences remained within ±1.15% in PMAX and within ±0.35% in VOC for all participants and methods applied. Essentially this work forms the basis to validate all applied methods and their stated measurement uncertainties.
Effects of Inhomogeneous Snow Load on the Mechanics of a PV Module
Creators: name: Romer, P.
name: Beinert, A.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 602-606
description: The phenomenon that snow sliding down a tilted PV-module can cause an inhomogeneous load is well known. However, just in 2020 a standard for this load scenario was established with the IEC 62938. This paper compares the difference between a homogeneous and such an inhomogeneous load distribution. Additionally, the influence of different temperatures on this new standard is analyzed. Compared to a homogeneous load distribution the first principal stress is lower for an inhomogeneous distribution. Moreover, it is shown that temperature has a large influence on the stress during mechanical loading. For TPO there is a specific temperature at which both the first principal stress and the probability of cell fracture reach a maximal value.
A Grey Box Model for Shunting-Type Potential Induced Degradation in Silicon Photovoltaic Cells under Environmental Stress
Creators: name: Schils, A.
name: Breugelmans, R.
name: Carolus, J.
name: Ascencio-Vásquez, J.
name: Wabbes, A.
name: Bertrand, E.
name: Aldalali, B.
name: Daenen, M.
name: Voroshazi, E.
name: Scheerlinck, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 578-582
description: This paper proposes a grey box model for cell-level simulation of potential induced degradation of the shunting type (PID-s) by extending a physics-based energy yield simulation framework. The leakage current is first computed using a physics-based approach based on an equivalent frame-to-cell electric circuit composed of temperature and humidity dependent resistances. Then, the increase of PID-s degradation due to leakage current is retrieved from measurements of PID-s evolution performed on polycSi cells. Finally, IV-curves of cells affected by PID-s are approximated by modifying the IV-curve of a PID-free cell using measurements of short circuit current and open-circuit voltage decrease with PID-s. A first comparison of simulated versus measured final PID-s levels is reported for a PV string after nine years of operation. The advantage of our grey box model over an empirical model is the possibility to investigate changes in material properties without the need for new measurements and to provide quantitative energy yield loss estimates depending on climate and system design.
Dependency of IAM Losses in Colored BIPV Products on the Refractive Index of Colorants
Creators: name: Babin, M.
name: Thorsteinsson, S.
name: Santamaria Lancia, A.A.
name: Poulsen, P.B.
name: Thorseth, A.
name: Dam-Hansen, C.
name: Jakobsen, M.L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 583-588
description: Measurements of the incidence angle modifier (IAM) of colored PV modules based on inkjet-printed glass have shown differences between colors, which are uncorrelated with the total transmittance and reflectance of the colored glass. In this paper, the complex refractive index of ceramic inks is estimated based on measurements of reflectance and transmittance spectra. These estimates are used in ray-tracing simulations to determine the IAM of coupon-sized PV modules with printed ceramic inks. Comparisons of the simulation results to measured IAMs show a high correlation between the refractive index of colorants and the IAM. Furthermore, estimations of the impact of IAM on performance based on TMY data at different locations are performed. The results indicate that changes in IAM due to sample coloration can lead to annual irradiance losses of up to 5% compared to uncolored glass. These losses are caused by additional reflections at the glass-ink interface according to the Fresnel equations, dependent on the refractive index of the ceramic inks.
Alternative types of molecule-decorated atomic chains in Au-CO-Au single-molecule junctions
Creators: name: Balogh, Zoltán
name: Makk, Péter
name: Halbritter, András
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation and evolution of Au-CO single-molecule break junctions. The conductance histogram exhibits two distinct molecular configurations, which are further investigated by a combined statistical analysis. According to conditional histogram and correlation analysis these molecular configurations show strong anticorrelations with each other and with pure Au monoatomic junctions and atomic chains. We identify molecular precursor configurations with somewhat higher conductance which are formed prior to single-molecule junctions. According to detailed length analysis two distinct types of molecule-affected chain formation processes are observed, and we compare these results to former theoretical calculations considering bridge and atop type molecular configurations where the latter has reduced conductance due to destructive Fano interference.
Letter from Barbara Hepworth to Herbert Read [03], [1965-1968?]
Creators: name: Hepworth, Barbara, 1903-1975
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Hepworth, Barbara, 1903-1975
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1898202
subject: Poets
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067778
subject: Authors, English--Correspondence
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821953
subject: Poets, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067870
subject: Read, Herbert, 1893-1968
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1754386
subject: Art movements
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/815613
subject: Authors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821688
subject: Artists--Correspondence
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/817571
subject: Artists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/817559
subject: Authors, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821945
subject: Women artists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1177159
subject: Art historians
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/815554

description: Part of a collection of letters to Sir Herbert Read from Dame Barbara Hepworth (English artist and sculptor) held in the Herbert Read archive at the University of Leeds, UK. The letters span the time period of 1965 to 1968, and discuss art, the art world and their personal lives. Hepworth writes from London and has been grateful to get news of Read from Marcus [Brumwell?]. She raises concerns about critical reception of Bram's book [book on Hepworth's work by A.M. Hammacher].
Review of Induced Degradation Phenomena Affecting PV Modules
Creators: name: Hahn, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 568-572
description: Degradation phenomena of solar modules occurring under operating conditions in the field may cause severe power losses for a PV system. To avoid or at least minimize the negative effects correlated with these phenomena, a good understanding of the nature and origin of the degradation is crucial. In this contribution the state of knowledge of four different important degradation phenomena is reviewed, and mitigation strategies are discussed. The underlying defects of these induced degradation phenomena form at operating conditions of the solar cell under injection, (elevated) temperature and realistic ambient conditions. Under these conditions, the quasi-Fermi level in ptype based Si wafers changes under injection and may cause defects to change their charge state. This has implications for some of the degradation phenomena, since charge states of species determine the underlying reaction rates and degradation/regeneration kinetics in general. BO-related light induced degradation seems to be well understood and mitigation strategies are available, although the exact microscopic picture of the defect itself is still unclear. Potential induced degradation of the shunt type is only occurring under specific polarity and high voltage drop in the string of interconnected modules. The formation mechanism seems to be clear and mitigation strategies exist as well. In contrary, for light and elevated temperature induced degradation the underlying defect is still not known, but a lot of empirical findings are available, pointing strongly towards the involvement of H being present in the crystalline Si bulk. Mitigation strategies exist, but seem to cause extra steps/costs in solar cell production. Degradation of surface passivation quality was recently observed for dielectric layer systems being used in new cell architectures allowing high efficiencies. Again, the exact nature of the underlying defect(s) is still unclear, but H may play a role in here, too.
The Front and Rear Side Contributions to the Potential Induced Degradation of Bifacial Silicon Heterojunction Solar Modules
Creators: name: Arriaga Arruti, O.
name: Gnocchi, L.
name: Lisco, F.
name: Virtuani, A.
name: Ballif, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 573-577
description: Recent studies showed that silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells may be prone to potential induced degradation (PID), when encapsulated with a low volume resistivity ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). This, however, can be prevented when using high-volume resistivity encapsulants (e.g. ionomer or polyolefin elastomers (POE)), or an edge sealant in combination with EVA. Here, we perform PID tests in a climatic chamber (85°C/85% RH) on glass/glass onecell mini-modules, by using different combinations of encapsulants. We combine EVAand POE, interchanging their position between the front- and rear-sides (i.e. POE/EVA and EVA/POE), with the aim of studying the PID mechanism and analyzing the contribution from each side. The SHJ solar cells employed are bifacial rear-emitter cells. We demonstrate that for all combinations, the addition of a POE layer contributes to considerably slowing the degradation kinetics. Although not completely prevented, after 450 hours of PID exposure (corresponding to nearly 5 times the duration of the IEC prestandard), the deceleration of PID is mostly successful when the POE layer is placed at the rear-side of the module (i.e. EVA/POE encapsulation scheme). After 450 hours of PID test, the POE/POE and EVA/EVA samples degrade by 0.3% and 31%, respectively. If a POE is placed only on the front- or rear-side, the corresponding degradation is, respectively, of 21% and 8%.
Numerical adiabatic potentials of orthorhombic Jahn-Teller effects retrieved from ultrasound attenuation experiments. Application to the SrF2:Cr crystal
Creators: name: Zhevstovskikh, I. V.
name: Bersuker, I. B.
name: Gudkov, V. V.
name: Averkiev, N. S.
name: Sarychev, M. N.
name: Zherlitsyn, S.
name: Yasin, S.
name: Shakurov, G. S.
name: Ulanov, V. A.
name: Surikov, V. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A methodology is worked out to retrieve the numerical values of all the main parameters of the six-dimensional adiabatic potential energy surface (APES) of a polyatomic system with a quadratic T-term Jahn-Teller effect (JTE) from ultrasound experiments. The method is based on a verified assumption that ultrasound attenuation and speed encounter anomalies when the direction of propa- gation and polarization of its wave of strain coincides with the characteristic directions of symmetry breaking in the JTE. For the SrF2:Cr crystal, employed as a basic example, we observed anomaly peaks in the temperature dependence of attenuation of ultrasound at frequencies of 50-160 MHz in the temperature interval of 40-60 K for the wave propagating along the [110] direction, for both the longitudinal and shear modes, the latter with two polarizations along the [001] and [110] axes, respectively. We show that these anomalies are due to the ultrasound relaxation by the system of non-interacting Cr2+ JT centers with orthorhombic local distortions. The interpretation of the ex- perimental findings is based on the T2g (eg +t2g) JTE problem including the linear and quadratic terms of vibronic interactions in the Hamiltonian and the same-symmetry modes reduced to one interaction mode. Combining the experimental results with a theoretical analysis we show that on the complicated six-dimensional APES of this system with three tetragonal, four trigonal, and six orthorhombic extrema points, the latter are global minima, while the former are saddle points, and we estimate numerically all the main parameters of this surface, including the linear and quadratic vibronic coupling constants, the primary force constants, the coordinates of all the extrema points and their energies, the energy barrier between the orthorhombic minima, and the tunneling splitting of the ground vibrational states.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures