cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Antiadiabatic Phonons and Superconductivity in Eliashberg-McMillan Theory
Creators: name: Sadovskii, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard Eliashberg - McMillan theory of superconductivity is essentially based on the adiabatic approximation. Here we present some simple estimates of electron - phonon interaction within Eliashberg - McMillan approach in non - adiabatic and even antiadiabatic situation, when characteristic phonon frequency $Ω_0$ becomes large enough, i.e. comparable or exceeding the Fermi energy $E_F$. We discuss the general definition of Eliashberg - McMillan (pairing) electron - phonon coupling constant $λ$, taking into account the finite value of phonon frequencies. We show that the mass renormalization of electrons is in general determined by different coupling constant $\tildeλ$, which takes into account the finite width of conduction band, and describes the smooth transition from the adiabatic regime to the region of strong nonadiabaticity. In antiadiabatic limit, when $Ω_0\gg E_F$, the new small parameter of perturbation theory is $λ\frac{E_F}{Ω_0}\simλ\frac{D}{Ω_0}\ll 1$ ($D$ is conduction band half -- width), and corrections to electronic spectrum (mass renormalization) become irrelevant. However, the temperature of superconducting transition $T_c$ in antiadiabatic limit is still determined by Eliashberg - McMillan coupling constant $λ$. We consider in detail the model with discrete set of (optical) phonon frequencies. A general expression for superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ is derived, which is valid in situation, when one (or several) of such phonons becomes antiadiabatic. We also analyze the contribution of such phonons into the Coulomb pseudopotential $μ^{\star}$ and show, that antiadiabatic phonons do not contribute to Tolmachev's logarithm and its value is determined by partial contributions from adiabatic phonons only.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, to be published in a special issue of Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism in honor of Ted Geballe on the occasion of his 100th birthday, reviews the results of arXiv:1809.02531, arXiv:1811.10184
Polska myśl polityczna na temat Wschodu – między idealizmem a realizmem
Creators: name: Diec, Joachim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Polska myśl polityczna na temat Wschodu – między idealizmem a realizmem [w:] Polityka wschodnia Polski – między fatalizmem geopolitycznym a klątwą niemocy. Redakcja naukowa Stanisław Bieleń, Akademia Humanistyczna im. Aleksandra Gieysztora, Pułtusk-Warszawa 2019, s. 33-46.
Quasi-simultaneous Integral, Swift, And Nustar Observations Of The New X-ray Clocked Burster 1rxsj180408.9-342058
Creators: name: Fiocchi, M.
name: Bazzano, A.
name: Bruni, G.
name: Ludlam, R.
name: Natalucci, L.
name: Onori, F.
name: Ubertini, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the quasi-simultaneous INTEGRAL, SWIFT, and NuSTAR observations showing spectral state transitions in the neutron star low mass X-ray binary 1RXS J180408.9-342058 during its 2015 outburst. We present results of the analysis of high-quality broad energy band (0.8-200 keV) data in three different spectral states: high/soft, low/very-hard, and transitional state. The broad band spectra can be described in general as the sum of thermal Comptonization and reflection due to illumination of an optically-thick accretion disc. During the high/soft state, blackbody emission is generated from the accretion disc and the surface of the neutron star. This emission, measured at a temperature of kTbb ~1.2 keV, is then Comptonized by a thick corona with an electron temperature of ~2.5 keV. For the transitional and low/very-hard state, the spectra are successfully explained with emission from a double Comptonizing corona. The first component is described by thermal Comptonization of seed disc/neutron-star photons (kTbb ~1.2 keV) by a cold corona cloud with kT e ~8-10 keV, while the second one originates from lower temperature blackbody photons (kTbb~0.1 keV) Comptonized by a hot corona (kTe~35 keV). Finally, from NuSTAR observations, there is evidence that the source is a new clocked burster. The average time between two successive X-ray bursts corresponds to ~7.9 ks and ~4.0 ks when the persistent emission decreases by a factor ~2, moving from very hard to transitional state. The accretion rate and the decay time of the X-ray bursts longer than ~30 s suggest that the thermonuclear emission is due to mixed H/He burning triggered by thermally unstable He ignition.
description: Submitted to ApJ: June 1, 2017. Accepted for publication in ApJ: October 11, 2019
Can We Do More With Less?
Creators: name: Kovar, Kristin A.
name: Henry, Anna L.
name: Monson, Michael J.
name: Kovar, Kristin A.
name: Henry, Anna L.
name: Monson, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: teaching effectiveness
subject: classroom crowding
subject: class size

description: This study examined the variance in student ratings of instruction that can be explained by room capacity and enrollment capacity when controlling for class size. Enrollment capacity, room capacity, and class size contributed to the statistical variance in student ratings of teaching effectiveness and of the course as a whole.
title: A numerical sensitivity study of how permeability, porosity, geological structure, and background hydraulic gradient control the lifetime of a geothermal reservoir
Creators: name: Bauer , Johanna Frederike
name: Krumbholz , Michael
name: Luijendijk, Elco
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2020

description: Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (1); Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Germany (2); Georg-August-University Göttingen (3)

The utilization of geothermal energy comes with a high economic risk. Many of the parameters that control the quality of a geothermal reservoir are heterogeneously distributed and therefore difficult to predict in a rock volume. We carried out a numerical sensitivity study using a large number (1027) of 4D numerical models of a geothermal doublet. We systematically varied each parameter (e.g., porosity, permeability, background hydraulic gradient (BHG)) and tested the longevity of the simulated reservoirs, by calculating the time until the temperature of the produced fluid fell to 100°C. We increased complexity of the models by introducing permeability anisotropy and contrast to simulate layering, fracture anisotropy, and a fault-zone. Our results confirm the positive effect of porosity on heat capacity. However, they show also that the BHG, together with permeability, if sufficiently high, can outperform the other parameters. In the more complex models, certain configurations of the parameters constitute tipping points, i.e. small modifications of the parameters decide between extreme longevity and early thermal breakthrough. For example, highly permeable zones, as is common in faults, can provide high initial yields, but also channel the fluid flow and thus can restrict the exploitable reservoir volume. The BHG can be outperformed by small variations in permeability contrast caused by layering and fracture anisotropy. Even low permeability contrasts (103) or fracture-induced permeability anisotropies (101) can channel fluid flow and thus significantly restrict the utilizable reservoir volume. In such cases, the initial yields may be high, but the lifetime of the reservoir is short.
title: Critical Raw Materials (CRM) potential of Slovenian historical mining sites
Creators: name: Teran, Klemen
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2020

description: Geological survey of Slovenia, Slovenia

Of the more than 200 metal ore occurrences and deposits discovered on Slovenian territory, several have been developed into significant mines (e.g. the Idrija Hg mine or the Mežica Pb-Zn-Mo mine). After 1995, however, all metal mines in Slovenia were closed, which also led to an interruption in mining exploration. The potential of the Slovenian ore deposits to supply Critical Raw Materials (CRM) remained largely unknown, as the historical mining exploration concentrated only on the most important base metal commodities, while the presence of trace elements was ignored. The GeoERA- FRAME project initiated a re-evaluation of the Slovenian ore deposits according to their CRM potential. Litija Pb-Zn-baryte hydrothermal vein deposit in central Slovenia, hosted by Carboniferous sandstones, may serve as a good case study for the evaluation of historical data with a focus on CRMs. The mine was active in the period 1537-1966 and produced about 30,000 t Pb, 32,000 t baryte, 158 t Hg and 2.8 t Ag (Mlakar, 1993). Litija was the largest baryte mine on Slovenian territory and still contains about 0.1 Mt ore resources with a baryte grade of 20%. In addition, the Pb and Zn mineralization in Litija may contain elevated levels of Ag, Sb, Co, Ga, Ge and In (Drovenik and Pleničar, 1980). Historical data indicate that approximately 0.5 Mt of mining waste was produced during mine operation with an estimated grade of 1.97% Pb and 0.48% Zn. In order to assess the potential of CRM, mining waste and accessible ore veins will be sampled and analyzed with modern multi-element chemical analyses. As parts of the mining waste deposits are populated or have been transported away, a re-assessment of the volume of accessible mining waste will be also carried out. New geochemical analyses shall be performed on samples from all ore deposits on Slovenian territory in order to identify potential mineral deposits of public importance and to define suitable spatial planning guidelines. Literature: Drovenik M. and Pleničar M. 1980. Nastanek rudišč v SR Sloveniji (The origin of Slovenian ore deposits). Geologija 23/1, 1-157. Mlakar, I. 1993. O problematiki Litijskega rudnega polja (On the problems of the Litija ore field). Geologija 36, 249-338. doi: 10.5474/geologija.1994.013
3 questions on cut groups
Creators: name: Bächle, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This short note collects three open questions on cut groups (a class of groups generalizing rational groups).
description: [v2] 2 pages. This is an update compared to the published version. References and a result of N. Grittini updated. The rest remained unaffected. [v1] 2 pages. Appeared in in the problem section of "Advances in Group Theory and Applications", http://www.advgrouptheory.com/journal/index.php#vol8
L2G Auto-encoder: Understanding Point Clouds by Local-to-Global Reconstruction with Hierarchical Self-Attention
Creators: name: Liu, Xinhai
name: Han, Zhizhong
name: Wen, Xin
name: Liu, Yu-Shen
name: Zwicker, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Auto-encoder is an important architecture to understand point clouds in an encoding and decoding procedure of self reconstruction. Current auto-encoder mainly focuses on the learning of global structure by global shape reconstruction, while ignoring the learning of local structures. To resolve this issue, we propose Local-to-Global auto-encoder (L2G-AE) to simultaneously learn the local and global structure of point clouds by local to global reconstruction. Specifically, L2G-AE employs an encoder to encode the geometry information of multiple scales in a local region at the same time. In addition, we introduce a novel hierarchical self-attention mechanism to highlight the important points, scales and regions at different levels in the information aggregation of the encoder. Simultaneously, L2G-AE employs a recurrent neural network (RNN) as decoder to reconstruct a sequence of scales in a local region, based on which the global point cloud is incrementally reconstructed. Our outperforming results in shape classification, retrieval and upsampling show that L2G-AE can understand point clouds better than state-of-the-art methods.
MOESM1 of CNCC: an analysis tool to determine genome-wide DNA break end structure at single-nucleotide resolution
Creators: name: Szlachta, Karol
name: Raimer, Heather
name: Laurey Comeau
name: Yuh-Hwa Wang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Reads and cut sites statistics of restriction enzyme-digested samples. Table S2. Sequencing and alignment statistics. Figure S1. Outline of genome-wide break mapping protocol. Figure S2. Reproducibility of genome-wide break mapping in BbvI digestion experiment. Figure S3. CNCC for EcoRV-digested DNA from HeLa cells. Figure S4. Determination of appropriate control for long-range normalized cross correlation. Figure S5. CNCC calculation for endogenous breaks and annotation of locations for all breaks. Figure S6. Evaluation of etoposide treatment on cell survival. Figure S7. Reproducibility of genome-wide break mapping for different etoposide treatments in GM13069. Figure S8. CNCC of breaks upon treatment maintains a similar trend between biological replicates for GM13069. Figure S9. CNCC calculated for breaks upon treatment for combined biological replicates showing shuffled control and relative CNCC signal. Figure S10. CNCC analysis of sequencing reads of TOP2 cleavage complex sites. Figure S11. Determination of consensus sequences at enzyme cut sites using CNCC.
title: Pascoli e criminalità in Abruzzo: quando la ricerca geografica si fa denuncia (L’Aquila, 30 giugno 2019)
Creators: name: Calandra, Lina
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2020

description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (2019)
Revised Phase Diagram of the Gross-Neveu Model
Creators: name: Thies, Michael
name: Urlichs, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We confirm earlier hints that the conventional phase diagram of the discrete chiral Gross-Neveu model in the large N limit is deficient at non-zero chemical potential. We present the corrected phase diagram constructed in mean field theory. It has three different phases, including a kink-antikink crystal phase. All transitions are second order. The driving mechanism for the new structure of baryonic matter in the Gross-Neveu model is an Overhauser type instability with gap formation at the Fermi surface.
description: Revtex, 12 pages, 15 figures; v2: Axis labelling in Fig. 9 corrected
Russia, Eastern Europe and Central European EU Members after the Ukrainian Crisis. Alternative Options of International Behaviors
Creators: name: Diec, Joachim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Russia, Eastern Europe and Central European EU Members after the Ukrainian Crisis. Alternative Options of International Behaviors, „Annales”, K - Politologia, 2016, vol. 23, s. 17-32, ISSN: 2300-7567
Indistinguishable photons from a trapped-ion quantum network node
Creators: name: Meraner, M.
name: Mazloom, A.
name: Krutyanskiy, V.
name: Krcmarsky, V.
name: Schupp, J.
name: Fioretto, D.
name: Sekatski, P.
name: Northup, T. E.
name: Sangouard, N.
name: Lanyon, B. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trapped atomic ions embedded in optical cavities are a promising platform to enable long-distance quantum networks and their most far-reaching applications. Here we achieve and analyze photon indistinguishability in a telecom-converted ion-cavity system. First, two-photon interference of cavity photons at their ion-resonant wavelength is observed and found to reach the limits set by spontaneous emission. Second, this limit is shown to be preserved after a two-step frequency conversion replicating a distributed scenario, in which the cavity photons are converted to the telecom C band and then back to the original wavelength. The achieved interference visibility and photon efficiency would allow for the distribution and practical verification of entanglement between ion-qubit registers separated by several tens of kilometers.
description: Main text: 4 pages with 3 figures. Supplementary material: 11 pages with 5 figure
MINTAQA IQTISODIYOTINI INNOVATSION RIVOJLANTIRISH
Creators: name: Axmadaliyeva, Niholaxon
name: Zayniddinov, Nurbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Tezisda zamonaviy sharoitda mintaqa iqtisodiyotida innovatsion rivojlanishining o’rni va faoliyati berilgan. Ilmiy texnologik rivojlanish darajasi esa o’z navbatida iqtisodiy o’sish uchun asos bo’lib hisoblanishi ta’kidlangan. AQSH, Germaniya, Yaponiya, Janubiy Koreya va Finlandiyaning sanoat tarmog’ini rivojlantirish bo’yicha tajribasiga birma-bir to’xtalgan. Xulosada, bizning mintaqada innovatsion rivojlantirish bo’yicha xorij tajribasi asosida tavsiyalar berilgan.
MOESM3 of Digital pills: a scoping review of the empirical literature and analysis of the ethical aspects
Creators: name: Martani, Andrea
name: Geneviève, Lester
name: Poppe, Christopher
name: Casonato, Carlo
name: Tenzin Wangmo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional File 3. List of Coded Sources and Themes.
Mid- and Far-Infrared ISO Limits on Dust Disks around Millisecond Pulsars
Creators: name: Lazio, Joseph
name: Fischer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report 60 and 90 micron observations of 7 millisecond pulsars with ISO. The pulsar PSR B1257+12 is orbited by three planets, and other millisecond pulsars may be orbited by dust disks that represent planets that failed to form or their residue. We do not detect any infrared emission from the 7 pulsars in our sample, and typical upper limits are 100 mJy. Using a simple model, we constrain the typical dust disk mass to be less than of order 100 M_Earth, assuming that the heating of any putative dust disk would be coupled only weakly to the pulsar's emission. If the planets around PSR B1257+12 are composed largely of metals, our limits are probably an order of magnitude above plausible values for the disk mass in metals. Future observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope should be capable of probing into the range of disk masses that could plausibly give rise to planets.
description: 7 pages, 2 PostScript figures; accepted for publication in AJ; AASTeX LaTeX
title: Rethinking the Soundscape. Musical Events and the Soundscape of the Italian Cities, XVI-XIX Century (Roma, 6-8 giugno 2019)
Creators: name: Avallone, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2020

description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (2019)
title: Narrare la città, narrare la violenza: il Convegno internazionale «Bad Cities. Literature and Urban Violence» (Roma, 3-4 giugno 2019)
Creators: name: Fabbri, Giulia
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2020

description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (2019)
Metallic Nature of the Four-Dimensional Quantum Hall Edge
Creators: name: Chong, Y. D.
name: Laughlin, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the density response of the four-dimensional quantum Hall fluid found by Zhang and Hu, which has been advanced as a model of emergent relativity. We calculate the density-density correlation function along the edge at half-filling, and show that it is similar to the three-dimensional free electron gas. This indicates that the edge of the four-dimensional quantum Hall fluid behaves like a metal.
description: 4 pages, 5 eps figures
title: Unraveling sub-seismic interwell-scale facies heterogeneity of Late Jurassic Arab D Member - Clues from outcrop analogue study to develop high-resolution reservoir models
Creators: name: Gairola, Gaurav Siddharth
name: Khanna, Pankaj
name: Ramdani, Ahmad Ihsan
name: Vahrenkamp, Volker
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2020

description: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia

Even though the Late Jurassic Arab-D reservoir is the most prolific oil-producing and one of the most studied intervals in the world, it is a major challenge resolving sub-seismic interwell-scale heterogeneities. In the subsurface, in addition to depositional heterogeneities, diagenetic alteration of depositional fabric developed five distinct dolomite types. They vary highly in reservoir properties ranging from flow baffle to Super K further adding complexity to reservoir architecture. Earlier studies focused on petrographical, geochemical and petrophysical analysis to understand genesis and reservoir properties of these dolomites using well log and core data. But very little is known about the geometry, connectivity and inter-well scale heterogeneity of these dolomites. Understanding of these parameters is crucial for development of a realistic subsurface reservoir model and fluid flow heterogeneity scenarios. Outcrop analogues may help in getting insights about these parameters, however, earlier studies reported little about dolomite and dolomite body geometries in outcrops. The present study introduces a new outcrop analogue for the Arab-D reservoir which is located approximately 100 km North of Riyadh. The outcrop is unique as it contains multiple layers of stratiform dolomites with facies succession similar to subsurface Arab-D reservoir. In addition to the traditional methods (sedimentary log, sample collecting, thin-section petrography), we have also collected drone based photogrammetry (1x1 km2), spectral gamma ray logs (~100 m) and ground penetrating radar (~2 km). The preliminary studies focus on outcrop to subsurface correlation and characterization of dolomite layers to provide insight about subsurface reservoir architecture and associated fluid flow heterogeneities.
String-localized quantum fields from Wigner representations
Creators: name: Mund, Jens
name: Schroer, Bert
name: Yngvason, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T10; 81T05; 81T30

description: In contrast to the usual representations of of the Poincaré group of finite spin or helicity the Wigner representations of mass zero and infinite spin are known to be incompatible with pointlike localized quantum fields. We present here a construction of quantum fields associated with these representations that are localized in semi-infinite, space-like strings. The construction is based on concepts outside the realm of Lagrangian quantization with the potential for further applications.
description: References, some text and an appendix added
Choosing the best model in the presence of zero trade: a fish product analysis
Creators: name: Tran, Nhuong
name: Wilson, Norbert L.W.
name: Hite, Diane
name: Tran, Nhuong
name: Wilson, Norbert L.W.
name: Hite, Diane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: seafood trade
subject: food safety (chemical) standards
subject: zero-accounting gravity model
subject: Heckman selection model
subject: Poisson family regression

description: The purpose of the paper is to test the hypothesis that food safety (chemical) standards act as barriers to international seafood imports. We use zero-accounting gravity models to test the hypothesis that food safety (chemical) standards act as barriers to international seafood imports. The chemical standards on which we focus include chloramphenicol required performance limit, oxytetracycline maximum residue limit, fluoro-quinolones maximum residue limit, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) pesticide residue limit. The study focuses on the three most important seafood markets: the European Union’s 15 members, Japan, and North America. Our empirical results confirm the hypothesis and are robust to the OLS as well as alternative zero-accounting gravity models such as the Heckman estimation and the Poisson family regressions. For the choice of the best model specification to account for zero trade and heteroskedastic issues, it is inconclusive to base on formal statistical tests; however the Heckman sample selection and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) models provide the most reliable parameter estimates based on the statistical tests, magnitude of coefficients, economic implications, and the literature findings. Our findings suggest that continually tightening of seafood safety standards has had a negative impact on exporting countries. Increasing the stringency of regulations by reducing analytical limits or maximum residue limits in seafood in developed countries has negative impacts on their bilateral seafood imports. The paper furthers the literature on food safety standards on international trade. We show competing gravity model specifications and provide additional evidence that no one gravity model is superior.
Refinement type contracts for verification of scientific investigative software
Creators: name: Shinn, Maxwell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Our scientific knowledge is increasingly built on software output. User code which defines data analysis pipelines and computational models is essential for research in the natural and social sciences, but little is known about how to ensure its correctness. The structure of this code and the development process used to build it limit the utility of traditional testing methodology. Formal methods for software verification have seen great success in ensuring code correctness but generally require more specialized training, development time, and funding than is available in the natural and social sciences. Here, we present a Python library which uses lightweight formal methods to provide correctness guarantees without the need for specialized knowledge or substantial time investment. Our package provides runtime verification of function entry and exit condition contracts using refinement types. It allows checking hyperproperties within contracts and offers automated test case generation to supplement online checking. We co-developed our tool with a medium-sized ($\approx$3000 LOC) software package which simulates decision-making in cognitive neuroscience. In addition to helping us locate trivial bugs earlier on in the development cycle, our tool was able to locate four bugs which may have been difficult to find using traditional testing methods. It was also able to find bugs in user code which did not contain contracts or refinement type annotations. This demonstrates how formal methods can be used to verify the correctness of scientific software which is difficult to test with mainstream approaches.
The Globular Cluster System of the Spiral Galaxy NGC7814
Creators: name: Rhode, K. L.
name: Zepf, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a wide-field photometric study of the globular cluster (GC) system of the edge-on Sab spiral NGC7814. This is the first spiral to be fully analyzed from our survey of the GC systems of a large sample of galaxies beyond the Local Group. NGC7814 is of particular interest because a previous study estimated that it has 500-1000 GCs, giving it the largest specific frequency (S_N) known for a spiral. Understanding this galaxy's GC system is important in terms of our understanding of the GC populations of spirals in general and has implications for the formation of massive galaxies. We observed the galaxy in BVR filters with the WIYN 3.5-m telescope, and used image classification and three-color photometry to select GC candidates. We also analyzed archival HST WFPC2 images of NGC7814, both to help quantify the contamination level of the WIYN GC candidate list and to detect GCs in the inner part of the galaxy halo. Combining HST data with high-quality ground-based images allows us to trace the entire radial extent of this galaxy's GC system and determine the total number of GCs directly through observation. We find that rather than being an especially high-S_N spiral, NGC7814 has <200 GCs and S_N ~ 1, making it comparable to the two most well-studied spirals, the Milky Way and M31. We explore the implications of these results for models of the formation of galaxies and their GC systems. The initial results from our survey suggest that the GC systems of typical ellipticals can be accounted for by the merger of two or more spirals, but that for highly-luminous ellipticals, additional physical processes may be needed.
description: 28 pages, incl. 4 figures; accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal, November 2003 issue
MOESM2 of Digital pills: a scoping review of the empirical literature and analysis of the ethical aspects
Creators: name: Martani, Andrea
name: Geneviève, Lester
name: Poppe, Christopher
name: Casonato, Carlo
name: Tenzin Wangmo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional File 2. List of Themes and justification of their ethical relevance.
MOESM1 of Digital pills: a scoping review of the empirical literature and analysis of the ethical aspects
Creators: name: Martani, Andrea
name: Geneviève, Lester
name: Poppe, Christopher
name: Casonato, Carlo
name: Tenzin Wangmo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional File 1. Search strategy implemented in a search string for PubMed.
title: Landslide models and Dam sites visualised in VR
Creators: name: Havenith, Hans-Balder
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2020

description: Liège Université, Belgium

For multiple landslide and two dam sites in Central Asia and SE Europe we have completed geophysical surveys (partly) complemented by borehole drilling. These data were first processed and then compiled within a 3D geomodel. Here, we present the geophysical results and the 3D geomodels adapted for visualisation in an immersive virtual environment. The geophysical surveys included electrical and seismic profiles and ambient vibration measurements as well as earthquake recordings. The electrical and seismic data were processed as tomographic sections and analysed with the MASW method (analysis of surface waves), the ambient vibrations as horizontal-to-vertical spectral H/V ratios, and the earthquake data mainly in terms of standard spectral ratios. For most sites, we computed the local soft layer thickness from the resonance frequencies revealed by the H/V ratios. Earthquake data allowed us to compute site amplification factors for the more or less thick soft material layer on the slope, or for the dam structure. The 3Dgeomodel was first built on the basis of topographic data, satellite imagery, as well as various electrical resistivity and seismic refraction tomographies. The soft layer thickness information and borehole data were represented in terms of logs in the model (later interpolated to form volumes). The large Rogun dam site studied in Tajikistan is crossed by the Ionakhsh Fault that could be modeled on the basis of the geological inputs and of a lateral resistivity gradient found on one electrical profile along the steep lower slope. Numerical models were computed for the largest landslide sites and for a blast-fill dam in Kygyzstan (for which also piezometric data were available). Earthquake shaking was simulated as most sites are located in seismically active regions.
MOESM1 of Building attention and edge message passing neural networks for bioactivity and physical–chemical property prediction
Creators: name: M. Withnall
name: E. Lindelöf
name: O. Engkvist
name: H. Chen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1. Additional tables and figures.
Light scattering through the graphene oxide liquid crystal in a micro-channel
Creators: name: Pirlar, M. Arshadi
name: Mirghaed, M. Rezaei
name: Honarmand, Y.
name: Movahed, S. M. S.
name: Karimzadeh, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we examine the light scattering by the flow of levitated flakes in a micro-channel to characterize the tunable functionality of the graphene oxide liquid crystal in the nematic phase. Light interaction with the mentioned material is decomposed to the scattered and transmitted parts and they can determine the orientation of the flakes. Our results demonstrate that, pumping the graphene oxide sample through the micro-channel leads to increase the amplitude of scattered light. The time averaged of scattered light intensity grows by increasing volume fraction. We also find that, the higher volume fraction, the sooner reaching to saturated normalized scattered intensity is. To get deep insight about our experimental results, we rely on the general theoretical properties of the light scattering cross-section incorporating the fluctuation of director vector and dielectric tensor. Our proposal is a promising approach to carry out the mechanical-hydrodynamical approach for controlling the orientation of a typical liquid crystal.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, to be appeared in Optics Express
The Morphology of Right Populism in the US and in the EU
Creators: name: Diec, Joachim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The Morphology of Right Populism in the US and in the EU, „Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne”, 2017, nr 4, s. 59-78, DOI: 10.14746/ssp.2017.4.4, ISSN 1731-7517
The influence of the use of recycled rubber in concrete on its selected properties
Creators: name: Gandel, Radoslav
name: Jerabek, Jan
name: Varak, Jaromir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The paper deals with the area of the use of recycled materials with regard to the potential of sustainable development of the construction industry. The need for recycling and new solutions in materials engineering is constantly growing. Potential sources of recycled raw materials also include rubber recyclate, where two mixtures with different proportions of recycled rubber are compared within the proposed experimental program. The researched mixtures reflect the need for local resources, which also reflects the needs of the circular economy. The experimental program is focused on typical mechanical properties, which are supplemented by specialized tests. Among the results of the experimental program is that with significant proportions of rubber granulate, not only the mechanical properties are affected, but also the durability is significantly affected with regard to the action of the external environment.
Non-perturbative signatures of non-linear Compton scattering
Creators: name: Acosta, Uwe Hernandez
name: Otto, Andreas
name: Kämpfer, Burkhard
name: Titov, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The probabilities of various elementary laser - photon - electron/positron interactions display in selected phase space and parameter regions typical non-perturbative dependencies such as $\propto {\cal P} \exp\{- a E_{crit} /E\}$, where ${\cal P}$ is a pre-exponential factor, $E_{crit}$ denotes the critical Sauter-Schwinger field strength, and $E$ characterizes the (laser) field strength. While the Schwinger process with $a = a_S \equiv π$ and the non-linear Breit-Wheeler process in the tunneling regime with $a = a_{n \ell BW} \equiv 4 m / 3 ω'$ (with $ω'$ the probe photon energy and $m$ the electron/positron mass) are famous results, we point out here that also the non-linear Compton scattering exhibits a similar behavior when focusing on high harmonics. Using a suitable cut-off $c > 0$, the factor $a$ becomes $a = a_{n \ell C} \equiv \frac23 c m /(p_0 + \sqrt{p_0^2 -m^2)}$. This opens the avenue towards a new signature of the boiling point of the vacuum even for field strengths $E$ below $E_{crit}$ by employing a high electron beam-energy $p_0$ to counter balance the large ratio $E_{crit} / E$ by a small factor $a$ to achieve $E / a \to E_{crit}$. In the weak-field regime, the cut-off facilitates a threshold leading to multi-photon signatures showing up in the total cross section at sub-threshold energies.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures
Effects of curvature and interactions on the dynamics of the deconfinement phase transition
Creators: name: Chandra, Deepak
name: Goyal, Ashok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of first-order cofinement-deconfinement phase transition through nucleation of hadronic bubbles in an expanding quark gluon plasma in the context of heavy ion collisions for interacting quark and hadron gas and by incorporating the effects of curvature energy. We find that the interactions reduce the delay in the phase transition whereas the curvature energy has a mixed behavior. In contrast to the case of early Universe phase transition, here lower values of surface tension increase the supercooling and slow down the hadronization process. Higher values of bag pressure tend to speed up the transition. Another interesting feature is the start of the hadronization process as soon as the QGP is created.
description: LaTeX, 17 pages including 14 postscript figures
A Novel Approach for Optimal Trajectory Design with Multiple Operation Modes of Propulsion System, Part 2
Creators: name: Taheri, Ehsan
name: Junkins, John L.
name: Kolmanovsky, Ilya
name: Girard, Anouck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Equipping a spacecraft with multiple solar-powered electric engines (of the same or different types) compounds the task of optimal trajectory design due to presence of both real-valued inputs (power input to each engine in addition to the direction of thrust vector) and discrete variables (number of active engines). Each engine can be switched on/off independently and "optimal" operating power of each engine depends on the available solar power, which depends on the distance from the Sun. Application of the Composite Smooth Control (CSC) framework to a heliocentric fuel-optimal trajectory optimization from the Earth to the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is demonstrated, which presents a new approach to deal with multiple-engine problems. Operation of engine clusters with 4, 6, 10 and even 20 engines of the same type can be optimized. Moreover, engine clusters with different/mixed electric engines are considered with either 2, 3 or 4 different types of engines. Remarkably, the CSC framework allows us 1) to reduce the original multi-point boundary-value problem to a two-point boundary-value problem (TPBVP), and 2) to solve the resulting TPBVPs using a single-shooting solution scheme and with a random initialization of the missing costates. While the approach we present is a continuous neighbor of the discontinuous extremals, we show that the discontinuous necessary conditions are satisfied in the asymptotic limit. We believe this is the first indirect method to accommodate a multi-mode control of this level of complexity with realistic engine performance curves. The results are interesting and promising for dealing with a large family of such challenging multi-mode optimal control problems.
description: 45 pages, 11 figures; Preprint submitted to Acta Astronautica
title: The changing role of Petroleum Geoscietists and Engineers in the Energy Transition
Creators: name: Strating, Eilard Hoogerduijn
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2020

description: Shell Upstream Netherlands

The transition towards a zero carbon footprint energy system will greatly impact the energy mix we will use. Globally, a significant increase is expected in the contribution of electrical power (supplied by renewable sources such as solar and wind), bioenergy, nuclear energy and other sources such as hydro power and geothermal energy. However it is expected that the energy mix still contains a significant component of fossil fuels to enable processes for which the use of renewable energies is not yet technically or economically viable. In order to achieve the desired net zero emission balance, the emissions associate with these fossil fuels and part of the bioenergy will need to be offset by CO2 Capture and Storage. How will this change in the energy mix impact the role and prospects for geoscientists and petroleum engineers? The work of petroleum geoscientists and engineers in the energy industry today can be split in three key areas: producing energy (eg oil and gas), storing and buffering of energy to guarantee security of supply (eg underground gas storages) and storing of by-products (eg produced water). Going forward it is expected that those key focus areas will remain. The nature and portfolio of applications that require our subsurface capabilities and expertise however will likely be expanded. On the production side we expect a much stronger focus on finding and developing hydrocarbons that are competitive in terms of economics as well as CO2 intensity (incl CO2 assisted EOR) and the addition of other energy production activities such as geothermal energy. In order to maintain security of supply, (seasonal) energy buffering and storage will likely remain essential. The underground gas storages may be augmented with or replaced by for instance Compressed Air Storage (Salt Caverns), Hydrogen Storage (Salt Caverns, depleted gas fields) or Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage. On the storage of by-products side, we expect Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) to become a key activity. All of the above developments will continue to require our subsurface skills and capabilities: to identify and characterise suitable subsurface reservoirs and resources, make and realise development plans, operate safely and optimise through well, reservoir and field management. This will be illustrated using examples form the Dutch Upstream energy landscape.
A redshift-dependent IRX-$β$ dust attenuation relation for TNG50 galaxies
Creators: name: Schulz, Sebastian
name: Popping, Gergö
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Marinacci, Federico
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relation between the UV-slope, $β$, and the ratio between the infrared- and UV-luminosities (IRX) of galaxies from TNG50, the latest installment of the IllustrisTNG galaxy formation simulations. We select 7280 star-forming main-sequence (SFMS) galaxies with stellar mass $10^9M_\odot$ at redshifts $0 \leq z \leq 4$ and perform radiative transfer with SKIRT to model effects of interstellar medium dust on the emitted stellar light. Assuming a Milky Way (MW) dust type and a dust-to-metal ratio of 0.3, we find that TNG50 SFMS galaxies generally agree with observationally-derived IRX-$β$ relations at $z \lesssim 1$. However, we find a redshift-dependent systematic offset with respect to empirically-derived local relations, with the TNG50 IRX-$β$ relation shifting towards lower $β$ and steppening at higher redshifts. This is partially driven by variations in the dust-uncorrected UV-slope of galaxies, due to different star-formation histories of galaxies selected at different cosmic epochs; we suggest the remainder of the effect is caused by differences in the effective dust attenuation curves (EDACs) of galaxies as a function of redshift. We find a typical galaxy-to-galaxy variation of 0.3 dex in IRX at fixed $β$, correlated with intrinsic galaxy properties: galaxies with higher star-formation rates, star-formation efficiencies, gas metallicities and stellar masses exhibit larger IRX values. We demonstrate a degeneracy between stellar age, dust geometry and dust composition: $z=4$ galaxies with a Small Magellanic Cloud dust type follow the same IRX-$β$ relation as low-redshift galaxies with MW dust. We provide a redshift-dependent fitting function for the IRX-$β$ relation for MW dust based on our models.
description: The paper has been accepted for publishing in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Characteristics of prescriptions and costs for acute upper respiratory tract infections in Chinese outpatient pediatric patients: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Wang, Shan
name: Liu, Lihua
name: Liu, Jianchao
name: Miao, Likun
name: Zhuang, Qian
name: Guo, Ning
name: Zhao, Jing
name: Li, Quanzheng
name: Ren, Guoquan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1: of Effect of a typical systemic hospital reform on inpatient expenditure for rural population: the Sanming model in China
Creators: name: Meng, Zhaolin
name: Zhu, Min
name: Cai, Yuanyi
name: Cao, Xiaohong
name: Wu, Huazhang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: The trends of six variables measuring medical quality of secondary and tertiary hospitals (PDF 911 kb)