cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Influence of charged walls and defects on DC resistivity and dielectric relaxation in Cu-Cl boracite
Creators: name: Cochard, C.
name: Granzow, T.
name: Fernandez-Posada, C. M.
name: Carpenter, M. A.
name: McQuaid, R. G. P.
name: Guy, J. M.
name: Whatmore, R. W.
name: Gregg, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charged domain walls form spontaneously in Cu-Cl boracite on cooling through the phase transition. These walls exhibit changed conductivity compared to the bulk and motion consistent with the existence of negative capacitance. Here, we present the dielectric permittivity and DC resistivity of bulk Cu-Cl boracite as a function of temperature (-140 °C to 150 °C) and frequency (1 mHz to 10 MHz). The thermal behaviour of the two observed dielectric relaxations and the DC resistivity is discussed. We propose that the relaxations can be explained by the existence of point defects, most likely local complexes created by a change of valence of Cu and accompanying oxygen vacancies. In addition, the sudden change in resistivity seen at the phase transition suggests that conductive domain walls contribute significantly to the conductivity in the ferroelectric phase.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
A first-principles machine-learning force field for heterogeneous ice nucleation on microcline feldspar
Creators: name: Piaggi, Pablo M.
name: Selloni, Annabella
name: Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z.
name: Car, Roberto
name: Debenedetti, Pablo G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of ice in the atmosphere affects precipitation and cloud properties, and plays a key role in the climate of our planet. Although ice can form directly from liquid water at deeply supercooled conditions, the presence of foreign particles can aid ice formation at much warmer temperatures. Over the past decade, experiments have highlighted the remarkable efficiency of feldspar minerals as ice nuclei compared to other particles present in the atmosphere. However, the exact mechanism of ice formation on feldspar surfaces has yet to be fully understood. Here, we develop a first-principles machine-learning model for the potential energy surface aimed at studying ice nucleation at microcline feldspar surfaces. The model is able to reproduce with high fidelity the energies and forces derived from density-functional theory (DFT) based on the SCAN exchange and correlation functional. We apply the machine-learning force field to study different fully-hydroxylated terminations of the (100), (010), and (001) surfaces of microcline exposed to vacuum. Our calculations suggest that terminations that do not minimize the number of broken bonds are preferred in vacuum. We also study the structure of supercooled liquid water in contact with microcline surfaces, and find that water density correlations extend up to around 1 nm from the surfaces. Finally, we show that the force field maintains a high accuracy during the simulation of ice formation at microcline surfaces, even for large systems of around 30,000 atoms. Future work will be directed towards the calculation of nucleation free energy barriers and rates using the force field developed herein, and understanding the role of different microcline surfaces on ice nucleation.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Janus Configurations, Chern-Simons Couplings, And The Theta-Angle in N=4 Super Yang-Mills Theory
Creators: name: Gaiotto, Davide
name: Witten, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the half-BPS Janus configuration of four-dimensional N=4 super Yang-Mills theory to allow the theta-angle, as well as the gauge coupling, to vary with position. We show that the existence of this generalization is closely related to the existence of novel three-dimensional Chern-Simons theories with N=4 supersymmetry. Another closely related problem, which we also elucidate, is the D3-NS5 system in the presence of a four-dimensional theta-angle.
description: 66 pp
A biometrical study of the effect of nonspecific pathogenicity genes on host and pathogen fitness related characters in the Ustilago hordei-Hordeum vulgare system
Creators: name: Pope, David D.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Nine Ustilago hordei sporidia that produced 20 dikaryons were isolated at random from an F2 teliospore (18D1+ x 20C1-) descended from race 7 and race 11. The 20 dikaryons were homozygous for a dominant gene conferring virulence on the barley variety Trebi and were suspected of segregating for nonspecific pathogenicity genes on this variety. Varieties Odessa (the universal suscept, with no known specific resistance genes) and Trebi were inoculated with each dikaryon and 58 host and pathogen fitness related variables were measured. Yield reduction occurred both in diseased and healthy plants as a result of the dikaryon treatments. A statistically significant negative correlation between host and pathogen reproductivity was found (r=-0.466, P=0.0481) on Trebi but not on Odessa. Statistically significant differences among dikaryons were found for some fitness related variables. The segregation of nonspecific pathogenicity genes with pleiotropic effects was believed to cause these differences. One of the genes was found to be tightly linked to the mating locus, coupled with the "-" mating allele. Analysis of variance revealed significant dominance and/or epistatic interaction effects on fitness related variables. The two varieties reacted differently to the dikaryons. Pathogen isolates exhibited specific adaptation to Trebi but not to Odessa. The presence of the nonspecific pathogenicity genes was readily measured statistically on Trebi, in the background of a matched specific resistance gene but not on Odessa. The traditional method of measuring disease damage level (percent smutted plants) was determined to be a reliable estimator of pathogen fitness on Trebi (R²=0.84) and pathogen reproductivity on both varieties (r=0.902, P=0.0001 on Trebi and r=0.815, P=0.0001 on Odessa). Due to weak correlation, prediction of host fitness should not be attempted using values calculated with either of the two traditional methods of measuring disease damage level (percent smutted plants and percent smutted heads). Stepwise regression of various combinations of variables indicated that Trebi, Odessa or smut dikaryon fitness can be accurately estimated with certain predictor variables. Spearman rank correlation tests suggested that "constant (concordant) ranking" of dikaryons for percent smutted plants and for pathogen fitness was evident on Odessa and on Trebi (r=0.871, P=0.0001 and r=0.713, P=0.0004, respectively).
Asymmetric silicate dust distribution toward the silicate carbon star BM Gem
Creators: name: Ohnaka, Keiichi
name: Izumiura, Hideyuki
name: Leinert, Christoph
name: Driebe, Thomas
name: Weigelt, Gerd
name: Wittkowski, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicate carbon stars show the 10 micron silicate emission, despite their carbon-rich photospheres. They are considered to have circumbinary or circum-companion disks, which serve as a reservoir of oxygen-rich material shed by mass loss in the past. We present N-band spectro-interferometric observations of the silicate carbon star BM Gem using MIDI at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). Our aim is to probe the spatial distribution of oxygen-rich dust with high spatial resolution. BM Gem was observed with VLTI/MIDI at 44--62 m baselines using the UT2-UT3 and UT3-UT4 baseline configurations. The N-band visibilities observed for BM Gem show a steep decrease from 8 to ~10 micron and a gradual increase longward of ~10 micron, reflecting the optically thin silicate emission feature emanating from sub-micron-sized amorphous silicate grains. The differential phases obtained at baselines of ~44--46 m show significant non-zero values (~ -70 degrees) in the central part of the silicate emission feature between ~9 and 11 micron, revealing a photocenter shift and the asymmetric nature of the silicate emitting region. The observed N-band visibilities and differential phases can be fairly explained by a simple geometrical model in which the unresolved star is surrounded by a ring with azimuthal brightness modulation. The best-fit model is characterized by a broad ring (~70 mas across at 10 micron) with a bright region which is offset from the unresolved star by ~20 mas at a position angle of ~280 degrees. This model can be interpreted as a system with a circum-companion disk and is consistent with the spectroscopic signatures of an accretion disk around an unseen companion recently discovered in the violet spectrum of BM Gem.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Additional file 1 of ReCGBM: a gradient boosting-based method for predicting human dicer cleavage sites
Creators: name: Pengyu Liu
name: Jiangning Song
name: Lin, Chun-Yu
name: Akutsu, Tatsuya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary document.
Presentazione
Creators: name: Palagiano, Cosimo
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2018

description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (2004): 50 anni tra ricerca e didattica. Materiali per una storia dell'Associazione Italiana Insegnanti di Geografia (1954-2004)
Tetropium schwarzianum Casey 1891
Creators: name: Webster, Reginald
name: McCoqrquodale, David
name: Majka, Christopher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Tetropium
Tetropium schwarzianum

description: Tetropium schwarzianum Casey, 1891 New Brunswick: Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest [red pine forest], 11. VI.2008, Funnel Trap, Lure: F-umol+AP+E, Block #10, Brawn / Harrison (1, AFC); same locality, 2.VII.2008, Funnel Trap, Lure: F-umol+AP+E, Block #7, Brawn / Burgess / Carmicheal (1, AFC); same locality, 12.VII.2008, Funnel Trap, Lure: AP+E, Block # 7, Branscombe / Fraser / Harrison / Palmer (1, AFC); same locality, 12.VII.2008, Funnel Trap, Lure: F-umol+AP+E, Block #10, Branscombe / Fraser / Harrison / Palmer (1, AFC). Lepturinae Lepturini
description: Published as part of Webster, Reginald, McCoqrquodale, David & Majka, Christopher, 2009, New records of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) for New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island, Canada, pp. 285-308 in ZooKeys 22 (22) on page 292, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.22.122, http://zenodo.org/record/576540
Ruolo della differenziazione degli oligodendrociti nella sclerosi multipla
Creators: name: Orio, Marcello
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2010

description: INTRODUZIONE: E’ noto che gli oligodendrociti  non sono solo cellule in grado di mielinizzare il SNC, ma rivestono un ruolo importante nel mantenimento dell’integrità assonale e della sopravvivenza neuronale.
Nel cervello adulto il turnover degli oligodendrociti, la sostituzione e la rimielinizzazione sono dei  processi continui, per cui il cervello possiede delle riserve di precursori endogeni degli oligodendrociti con la capacità di proliferare e differenziarsi in cellule mature .
La perdita di oligodendrociti implica la demielinizzazione. Nella prima fase della sclerosi multipla (SM) il danno demielinizzante tende a ripararsi spontaneamente, almeno in parte (rimielinizzazione). Questo meccanismo riparativo è tuttavia limitato alle fasi iniziali della malattia. Non si conosce se nella SM la rimielinizzazione sia rallentata o bloccata oppure la demielinizzazione sia aumentata.

SCOPO: Valutare la presenza di modifiche di espressione o di localizzazione di proteine specifiche coinvolte nel processo di differenziazione degli oligodendrociti dopo incubazione con liquor (CSF) proveniente da pazienti affetti da sclerosi multipla (SM) o da pazienti con malattie neurologiche non demielinizzanti (Ctr).

METODI: Gli esperimenti sono stati condotti su oligodendrociti umani MO3-13 che differenziano quando crescono in assenza di siero ed in presenza di PMA. L’espressione e la localizzazione delle proteine specifiche coinvolte nel processo di differenziazione sono state studiate con esperimenti di western blot, rt-PCR, citofluorimetria e microscopia ad immunofluorescenza.

RISULTATI: Utilizzando i saggi sopra descritti abbiamo osservato come l’espressione di tre proteine coinvolte nel processo di differenziazione aumentava in seguito a differenziazione; l’espressione di un’altra proteina diminuiva e la localizzazione di un’ultima proteina analizzata subiva una traslocazione dal nucleo al citosol dopo stimolo differenziativo.
Abbiamo quindi scoperto che il CSF di pazienti affetti da MS causava una inibizione della differenziazione indotta dal PMA in seguito ai risultati ottenuti nella variazione dell’espressione di tutte le proteine coinvolte nella differenziazione, esaminate nei nostri esperimenti.
Infine il CSF di pazienti affetti da MS bloccava la traslocazione dal nucleo al citosol della proteina precedentemente studiata.

CONCLUSIONI: Alla luce dei nostri risultati possiamo affermare che il liquor dei pazienti affetti da SM è in grado di bloccare il processo di differenziazione degli oligodendrociti.
Parameterizing the Effect of Dark Energy Perturbations on the Growth of Structures
Creators: name: Ballesteros, G.
name: Riotto, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytical fit to the growth function of the dark matter perturbations when dark energy perturbations are present. The growth index depends upon the dark energy equation of state w, the speed of sound of the dark energy fluctuations, the dark matter abundance and the observed comoving scale. The growth index changes by ~5% for small speed of sound and large deviations of w from -1 with respect to its value in the limit of no dark energy perturbations.
description: 18 LaTex pages, 7 figures. Typo corrected
Supplementary document for Unraveling the angular symmetry of optical force in a solid dielectric - 5292972.pdf
Creators: name: Xi, Xiang
name: Ma, Jingwen
name: Zhou, Zhonghao
name: Hu, Xin-Xin
name: Chen, Yuan
name: Zou, Chang-Ling
name: Dong, Chunhua
name: Sun, Xiankai
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary Material
L’uso dei GIS nell’aggiornamento delle basi territoriali per i censimenti 2011. Un approfondimento sull’Abruzzo
Creators: name: Cassata, Lorenzo
name: Lipizzi, Fabio
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2017

description: The use of GIS for updating the territorial basis for the census of 2011. A detailed study in Abruzzo
The census survey for 2010-2011 has been designed in a very innovative way in
comparison to past censuses. The preparatory phase of the territorial base (bt)
has been performed for the first time using a GIS tool in all stages of production.
The validation activities carried out by municipalities is carried out almost
exclusively by means of a digital document flow, thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the production process of the Census Map. Other innovations involved the use of predefined lists, which municipalities are assessed during the survey and have the opportunity to complete the census questionnaires via the web. However the earthquake of April 6 2009 has substantially changed census operations, forcing ISTAT, the municipalities of the seismic crater and their inhabitants, to reconcile the difficult situation with the need for quantitative knowledge about the area, which has become in these cases, even more stringent.
Keywords
L’Aquila, census, enumeration areas, Geographic Information System (GIS), registry office.

L’emploi des SIG dans la mise à jour des bases territoriales pour les recensements 2011. Un approfondissement sur les Abruzzes
La préparation du recensement pour le 2010-2011 a été réalisée d’une façon
entièrement nouvelle par rapport aux recensements des années passés. La
phase préparatoire des bases territoriales (bt) a été organisée pour la première
fois en employant les outils SIG à chaque stade. Les activités de validation appliquées par les communes ont été accomplies à travers des documents numériques, en augmentant donc l’efficacité et l’efficience du procès de production des cartes des recensements. D’autres innovations dans le procès concernent l’utilisation de listes prédéfinies, que les communes ont validé pendant la phase préparatoire, et l’opportunité de compléter le questionnaire du recensement sur le web. Le tremblement de terre de L’Aquila du 6 avril 2009 a changé sensiblement les opérations de recensement, en forçant l’ISTAT, les communes du cratère sismique et les habitants à harmoniser la difficile situation avec la nécessité d’obtenir des informations quantitatives du territoire adéquates, qui dans ce cas sont encore plus essentielles.
Mots-clés
L’Aquila, districts de recensement, état civil, recensement, Système d’Information Géographique (SIG).
description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 1 (2012): L'Aquila e il cratere sismico a cura di Cristiano Pesaresi
Kilowatt-average-power compression of millijoule pulses in a gas-filled multi-pass cell
Creators: name: Grebing, Christian
name: Müller, Michael
name: Buldt, Joachim
name: Stark, Henning
name: Limpert, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the reliable generation of 1-mJ, 31-fs pulses with an average power of 1 kW by post-compression of 200-fs pulses from a coherently combined Yb:fiber laser system in an argon-filled Herriott-type multi-pass cell with an overall compression efficiency of 96%. We also analyze the output beam, revealing essentially no spatio-spectral couplings or beam quality loss.
Hymenocephalus papyraceus Jordan & Gilbert 1904
Creators: name: Iwamoto, Tomio
name: Nakayama, Naohide
name: Shao, Kwang-Tsao
name: Table, Hsuan-Ching Ho
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Gadiformes
Macrouridae
Hymenocephalus
Hymenocephalus papyraceus

description: Hymenocephalus papyraceus Jordan and Gilbert, 1904
Figure 12.
Hymenocephalus papyraceus Jordan and Gilbert, 1904:614. fig. (holotype USNM 50935, 147 mm TL; Sagami Bay, Japan, 120–265 fm [219–485 m], Albatross sta. 3697).— Okamura, 1970:56–58, pl. XVII, text-fig. 24 (1 spec., 95 mm TL, Pacific coast s. Japan).— Sazonov, 1993:117–121 (fig.) (1 spec., East China Sea; 800–826 m).
Hymenocephalus (Papyrocephalus) papyraceus: Gilbert and Hubbs, 1920:539 (included as one of three species in new subgenus).
Hymenocephalus papiraceus: Okamura in Masuda et al., 1984:94, pl. 344–I (species name misspelled; compiled).
MATERIAL EXAMINED.— NET: NMMB-P 9121 (1, 25.7 HL), Da-xi.
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES.— 1D II,10; P i14; V 11; GR-I (outer/inner) 0+16/5+17, GR-II 5+17/4+16. Orbit 23% HL, 1.4 into postorbital; interorbital 35%; internasal width 23%; suborbital 19%; postorbital 54%; orbit to preopercle angle 54%; upper jaw 47%; barbel 3.5%; 1D-2D interspace 60%; P length 70%; V length 62%; length outer V to A origin 54%; pre-anal length 144%; length outer gill slit 27%. Head relatively deep and broad; orbit not included in dorsal profile; nape high, beginning slightly behind posterior edge of orbit. Snout with high median nasal ridge, flexible, pointed tip projecting slightly beyond mouth. Posterior end of preopercle ridge narrowly chisel-shaped (or flathead shovel-shaped). Barbel small but distinct. Head color mostly black, but dorsal head bones and snout transparent. Entire trunk to over A origin deeply and heavily peppered; remainder of body covered with large melanophores. Ground color medium brown; A base black anteriorly. Gular and BR membranes black. Attains about 150 mm TL
REMARKS.— Hymenocephalus papyraceus is apparently a rare species, having been recorded only three times previously: the holotype (and only type specimen), a small specimen in poor condition reported by Okamura (1970), and the East China Sea specimen of Sazonov (1993). The Taiwan specimen is the first record from outside Japanese waters.
description: Published as part of Iwamoto, Tomio, Nakayama, Naohide, Shao, Kwang-Tsao & Table, Hsuan-Ching Ho, 2015, Synopsis of the Grenadier Fishes (Gadiformes; Teleostei) of Taiwan, pp. 31-126 in Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 62 (3) on page 76, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11512126
A request for clarity over the End of Sequence token in the Self-Critical Sequence Training
Creators: name: Hu, Jia Cheng
name: Cavicchioli, Roberto
name: Capotondi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Image Captioning research field is currently compromised by the lack of transparency and awareness over the End-of-Sequence token () in the Self-Critical Sequence Training. If the token is omitted, a model can boost its performance up to +4.1 CIDEr-D using trivial sentence fragments. While this phenomenon poses an obstacle to a fair evaluation and comparison of established works, people involved in new projects are given the arduous choice between lower scores and unsatisfactory descriptions due to the competitive nature of the research. This work proposes to solve the problem by spreading awareness of the issue itself. In particular, we invite future works to share a simple and informative signature with the help of a library called SacreEOS. Code available at \emph{\href{https://github.com/jchenghu/sacreeos}{https://github.com/jchenghu/sacreeos}}
All Supplemental Material from Hydrothermal physiology and climate vulnerability in amphibians
Creators: name: Greenberg, Dan A.
name: Palen, Wendy J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Contains additional methodological details and results adjacent to the main study.
Hints on the seismotectonics of the Abruzzi Region from studies of the 6 April 2009, Mw 6.3, L’Aquila earthquake
Creators: name: Burrato, Pierfrancesco
name: Vannoli, Paola
name: Fracassi, Umberto
name: Valensise, Gianluca
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2017

description: Nuove interpretazioni sulla sismotettonica dell’Abruzzo derivanti dallo studio del terremoto di Mw 6,3 del 6 aprile 2009 de L’Aquila
Il distruttivo terremoto de L’Aquila del 6 Aprile 2009 (Mw 6,3) ha fornito importanti lezioni agli studiosi dei terremoti, alcune delle quali anche sorprendenti.
Nonostante che dal punto di vista del rilascio energetico questo terremoto non
sia stato tra i più forti, se confrontato con altri eventi recenti a scala mondiale e
con altri forti eventi della storia sismica italiana, esso ha permesso la raccolta di
una mole notevole di dati che hanno portato ad una revisione approfondita della
geometria e in alcuni casi dello stile che caratterizza la fagliazione cosismica
della regione abruzzese. Una delle osservazioni principali emerse a seguito degli
studi condotti è che il terremoto è stato associato ad una fagliazione della superficie terrestre molto limitata, lanciando così un campanello d’allarme per quelli che sono i classici strumenti geologici tradizionalmente e più diffusamente utilizzati per l’identificazione delle faglie attive e sismogenetiche. L’Abruzzo è una regione che dal punto di vista della geologia dei terremoti mostra alcuni paradossi, il primo fra tutti è rappresentato dal fatto che nonostante esista una documentazione storica molto lunga sull’attività sismica, e che per i forti terremoti essa sia molto attendibile, il numero dei terremoti incluso nei cataloghi appare di molto inferiore al numero di eventi che ci si sarebbe attesi di registrare considerando il numero e la lunghezza delle faglie attive mappate, potenziali sorgenti di terremoti di M
description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 1 (2012): L'Aquila e il cratere sismico a cura di Cristiano Pesaresi
Prospects for GMRT to Observe Radio Waves from UHE Particles Interacting with the Moon
Creators: name: Panda, Sukanta
name: Mohanty, Subhendra
name: Janardhan, Padmanabhan
name: Stål, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra high energy (UHE) particles of cosmic origin impact the lunar regolith and produce radio signals through Askaryan effect, signals that can be detected by Earth based radio telescopes. We calculate the expected sensitivity for observation of such events at the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), both for UHE cosmic rays (CR) and UHE neutrino interactions. We find that for 30 days of observation time a significant number of detectable events is expected above $10^{20}$ eV for UHECR or neutrino fluxes close to the current limits. Null detection over a period of 30 days will lower the experimental bounds on UHE particle fluxes by magnitudes competitive to both present and future experiments at the very highest energies.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
Photoionization and transient Wannier-Stark ladder in silicon: First principle simulations versus Keldysh theory
Creators: name: Derrien, Thibault J. -Y.
name: Tancogne-Dejean, Nicolas
name: Zhukov, Vladimir P.
name: Appel, Heiko
name: Rubio, Angel
name: Bulgakova, Nadezhda M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear photoionization of dielectrics and semiconductors is widely treated in the frames of the Keldysh theory whose validity is limited to small photon energies compared to the band gap and relatively low laser intensities. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) simulations, which are free of these limitations, enable to gain insight into non-equilibrium dynamics of the electronic structure. Here we apply the TDDFT to investigate photoionization of silicon crystal by ultrashort laser pulses in a wide range of laser wavelengths and intensities and compare the results with predictions of the Keldysh theory. Photoionization rates derived from the simulations considerably exceed the data obtained with the Keldysh theory within the validity range of the latter. Possible reasons of the discrepancy are discussed and we provide fundamental data on the photoionization rates beyond the limits of the Keldysh theory. By investigating the features of the Stark shift as a function of photon energy and laser field strength, a manifestation of the transient Wannier-Stark ladder states have been revealed which become blurred with increasing laser field strength. Finally, it is shown that the TDDFT simulations can potentially provide reliable data on the electron damping time that is of high importance for large-scale modeling.
description: Main document: 8 pages, 4 figures. Suppl. Mat.: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Supplementary Figures from Tuna robotics: hydrodynamics of rapid linear accelerations
Creators: name: Thandiackal, Robin
name: White, Carl H.
name: Bart-Smith, Hilary
name: Lauder, George V.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Description of 2D model, axial vs lateral forces, caudal tail fin analysis, power and thrust forces, and flow and pressure patterns
Dark Matter Effective Theory
Creators: name: Brod, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Les Houches 2021 lectures on dark matter effective field theory (short course). The aim of these two lectures is to calculate the DM-nucleus cross section for a simple example, and then generalize to the treatment of general effective interactions of spin-1/2 DM. Relativistic local operators, the heavy-DM effective theory, the chiral effective Lagrangian, and nuclear effective operators are briefly discussed.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to SciPost Physics Lecture Notes, Les Houches Summer School Series. Improved discussion, corrected typographical errors
Thermal expansion anisotropy of the Fe23Mo16 and Fe7Mo6 Mu-phases predicted from first-principles calculations
Creators: name: Vasilyev, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intermetallic Mn-phase, which precipitates in steels and superalloys, can noticeably soften the mechanical properties of their matrix. Despite the importance of developing superalloys and steels, the thermodynamic properties and directions of thermal expansion of the Mu-phase are still poorly studied. In this work, the thermal expansion paths, elastic, thermal and thermodynamic properties of the Fe23Mo16 and Fe7Mo6 Mu-phases have been studied using first-principles based quasi-harmonic Debye-Gruneisen approach. A method allowing avoids differentiation in many variables is used. The free energies consisting of the electronic, vibrational and magnetic energy contributions, calculated along different paths of thermal expansions were compared between themselves. A path with the least free energy was chosen as the trajectory of thermal expansion. Negative thermal expansion of the Fe7Mo6 compound was predicted, while the Fe23Mo16 has a conventional thermal expansion and negative TEC in the parameter c. The thermal expansions of both these compounds are not isotropic. The elastic constants, modulus, heat capacities, Curie and Debye temperatures were predicted. The obtained results satisfactorily agree with the available experimental data. Physical factors affecting the stability of Fe23Mo16 and Fe7Mo6 have been studied. The paper presents an essential feature of thermal expansions of the Mu-phase of the Fe-Mo system, which can provide an insight into future developments.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures
Adaptive Distributed Filtering of DDoS Traffic on the Internet
Creators: name: Li, Jun
name: Sisodia, Devkishen
name: Feng, Yebo
name: Shi, Lumin
name: Zhang, Mingwei
name: Early, Christopher
name: Reiher, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the proliferation of traffic filtering capabilities throughout the Internet, attackers continue to launch distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks to successfully overwhelm the victims with DDoS traffic. In this paper, we introduce a distributed filtering system that leverages nodes distributed along the paths of DDoS traffic to filter the DDoS traffic. In particular, we focus on adaptive distributed filtering, a new direction in filtering DDoS traffic. In our design, a subscriber to the distributed filtering service can act on behalf of a DDoS victim and generate filtering rules that not only adapt to the most suitable and effective filtering granularity (e.g., IP source address and a port number vs. an individual IP address vs. IP prefixes at different lengths), but also adapt to the preferences of the subscriber (e.g., maximum coverage of DDoS traffic vs. minimum collateral damage from dropping legitimate traffic vs. minimum number of rules).
 We design an efficient algorithm that can generate rules adaptive toward filtering granularities and objectives, which can further help determine where to deploy generated rules for the best efficacy. We evaluated our system through both large-scale simulations based on real-world DDoS attack traces and pilot studies. Our evaluations confirm that our algorithm can generate rules that adapt to every distinct filtering objective and achieve optimal results. We studied the success rate and distribution of rule deployment under different Internet-scale rule deployment profiles, and found a small number of autonomous systems can contribute disproportionately to the defense. Our pilot studies also show our adaptive distributed filtering system can effectively defend against real-world DDoS attack traces in real time.
On the Green's matrices of strongly parabolic systems of second order
Creators: name: Cho, Sungwon
name: Dong, Hongjie
name: Kim, Seick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35A08; 35K40; 35B45

description: We establish existence and various estimates of fundamental matrices and Green's matrices for divergence form, second order strongly parabolic systems in arbitrary cylindrical domains under the assumption that solutions of the systems satisfy an interior Hölder continuity estimate. We present a unified approach valid for both the scalar and the vectorial cases.
description: 33 pages
Supplementary Material from Autocrine and paracrine interferon signalling as ‘ring vaccination’ and ‘contact tracing’ strategies to suppress virus infection in a host
Creators: name: G. Michael Lavigne
name: Russell, Hayley
name: Sherry, Barbara
name: Ke, Ruian
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Computational Biology

description: The innate immune response, particularly the interferon response, represents a first line of defense against viral infections. The interferon molecules produced from infected cells act through autocrine and paracrine signalling to turn host cells into an antiviral state. Although the molecular mechanisms of IFN signalling have been well characterized, how the interferon response collectively contribute to the regulation of host cells to stop or suppress viral infection during early infection remain unclear. Here, we use mathematical models to delineate the roles of the autocrine and the paracrine signalling, and show that their impacts on viral spread are dependent on how infection proceeds. In particular, we found that when infection is well-mixed, the paracrine signalling is not as effective; by contrast, when infection spreads in a spatial manner, a likely scenario during initial infection in tissue, the paracrine signalling can impede the spread of infection by decreasing the number of susceptible cells close to the site of infection. Furthermore, we argue that the interferon response can be seen as a parallel to population-level epidemic prevention strategies such as ‘contact tracing’ or ‘ring vaccination’. Thus, our results here may have implications for the outbreak control at the population scale more broadly.
Thickness dependence of the exchange bias in epitaxial manganite bilayers
Creators: name: Kobrinskii, A. L.
name: Varela, Maria
name: Pennycook, S. J.
name: Goldman, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exchange bias has been studied in a series of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 / La1/3Ca2/3MnO3 bilayers grown on (001) SrTiO3 substrates by ozone-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The high crystalline quality of the samples and interfaces has been verified using high-resolution X-ray diffractometry and Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy. The dependence of exchange bias on the thickness of the antiferromagnetic layer has been investigated. A critical value for the onset of the hysteresis loop shift has been determined. An antiferromagnetic anisotropy constant has been obtained by fitting the results to the generalized Meiklejohn-Bean model.
description: 7 pages. 8 figures
Supplementary Figures from Single-cell immune repertoire and transcriptome sequencing reveals that clonally expanded and transcriptionally distinct lymphocytes populate the aged central nervous system in mice
Creators: name: Yermanos, Alexander
name: Neumeier, Daniel
name: Sandu, Ioana
name: Borsa, Mariana
name: Waindok, Ann Cathrin
name: Merkler, Doron
name: Oxenius, Annette
name: Reddy, Sai T.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role during ageing and various neurological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and infection. Technical limitations, however, have prevented an integrative analysis of how lymphocyte immune receptor repertoires and their accompanying transcriptional states change with age in the central nervous system. Here, we leveraged single-cell sequencing to simultaneously profile B cell receptor and T cell receptor repertoires and accompanying gene expression profiles in young and old mouse brains. We observed the presence of clonally expanded B and T cells in the central nervous system of aged male mice. Furthermore, many of these B cells were of the IgM and IgD isotype and had low levels of somatic hypermutation. Integrating gene expression information additionally revealed distinct transcriptional profiles of these clonally expanded lymphocytes. Our findings implicate that clonally related T and B cells in the CNS of elderly mice may contribute to neuroinflammation accompanying homeostatic ageing.
Non-equilibrium dynamics of bosons with dipole symmetry: Large-$N$ Keldysh approach
Creators: name: Islam, Md Mursalin
name: Sengupta, K.
name: Sensarma, Rajdeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quench and the ramp dynamics of interacting $N$-component charged bosons with dipole symmetry using Schwinger-Keldysh field theory in the large $N$ limit. The equilibrium phase diagram of these bosons shows two phases in the large $N$ limit. The first is a normal phase where both the global $U(N)$ and the dipole symmetries are conserved and the second is a delocalized condensed phase where both the symmetries are broken. In contrast, our explicit computation of the steady state after an instantaneous quantum quench from the condensed phase shows that an additional, novel, delocalized normal phase, where the global $U(N)$ symmetry is conserved but the dipole symmetry is broken, can exist for a range of quench parameters. A study of ramp dynamics of the model shows that the above-mentioned steady state exists only above a critical ramp rate which we estimate.
description: Version appeared in PRB; a new section and 2 new figures added
Capacitance and Structure of Electric Double Layers: Comparing Brownian Dynamics and Classical Density Functional Theory
Creators: name: Cats, Peter
name: Sitlapersad, Ranisha S.
name: Otter, Wouter K. den
name: Thornton, Anthony R.
name: van Roij, René
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the structure and differential capacitance of electric double layers of aqueous electrolytes. We consider Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC) composed of spherical cations and anions in a dielectric continuum confined between a planar cathode and anode. The model system includes steric as well as Coulombic ion-ion and ion-electrode interactions. We compare results of computationally expensive, but "exact", Brownian Dynamics (BD) simulations with approximate, but cheap, calculations based on classical Density Functional Theory (DFT). Excellent overall agreement is found for a large set of system parameters $-$ including variations in concentrations, ionic size- and valency-asymmetries, applied voltages, and electrode separation $-$ provided the differences between the canonical ensemble of the BD simulations and the grand-canonical ensemble of DFT are properly taken into account. In particular a careful distinction is made between the differential capacitance $C_N$ at fixed number of ions and $C_μ$ at fixed ionic chemical potential. Furthermore, we derive and exploit their thermodynamic relations. In the future these relations are also useful for comparing and contrasting.
An Index for Non-relativistic Superconformal Field Theories
Creators: name: Nakayama, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the highest-weight representation of N=2 supersymmetric Schrodinger algebra which appears in non-relativistic superconformal field theories in (1+2) dimension. We define the index for the non-relativistic superconformal field theories and study its properties. As a concrete example, we compute the index for the non-relativistic limit of N=6 superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theory recently proposed by Aharony et al.
description: 15 pages, v2: references added, v3: minor corrections, to appear in JHEP, v4: typos corrected, note added
SmartCrawler: An In-pipe Robotic System with Wireless Communication in Water Distribution Systems
Creators: name: Kazeminasab, Saber
name: Jafari, Roozbeh
name: Banks, M. Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Water Distribution Systems(WDS) are critical infrastructures that deliver potable water to residential areas. Incidents to pipelines cause water loss and contamination in pipelines. Hence, water quality monitoring is one of the requirements for utility managers to ensure the health of water. However, it is challenging to access all parts of the WDS since they are long and comprise pipes with different configurations and sizes. In this paper, we propose a size-adaptable and modular in-pipe robot so-called SmartCrawler that works based on wheel wall press mechanism. We develop a two-phase motion control algorithm that enables reliable motion in straight and non-straight configurations of in-service pipelines. The controller in phase 1 stabilizes the robot in the straight paths and tracks the desired velocity with high-level linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and low-level proportional-integral-derivative (PID) based controllers. The controller in phase 2 with a designed error-check submodule and velocity controller, enables the robot to steer to the desired directions at non-straight configurations. The performance of the two-phase controller is evaluated with experimental and simulation results. Wireless underground communication is a challenging task for underground applications. We propose a bi-directional wireless sensor module based on active radio frequency identification (RFID) that works in 434MHz carrier frequency and evaluate its performance with experimental results. At the end of this work, we design the printed circuit board (PCB) for the SmartCrawler that embeds the electronic components in a confined and sealed environment. The simulation and the experimental results prove the proposed robotic system can be used for in pipe missions where wireless communication is needed to communicate with the robot during operation.
description: IEEE Copyright Issue
Site-Selective Enhancement of Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors via Local Helium Ion Irradiation
Creators: name: Strohauer, Stefan
name: Wietschorke, Fabian
name: Zugliani, Lucio
name: Flaschmann, Rasmus
name: Schmid, Christian
name: Grotowski, Stefanie
name: Müller, Manuel
name: Jonas, Björn
name: Althammer, Matthias
name: Gross, Rudolf
name: Müller, Kai
name: Finley, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Achieving homogeneous performance metrics between nominally identical pixels is challenging for the operation of arrays of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs). Here, we utilize local helium ion irradiation to post-process and tune single-photon detection efficiency, switching current, and critical temperature of individual devices on the same chip. For 12nm thick highly absorptive SNSPDs, which are barely single-photon sensitive prior to irradiation, we observe an increase of the system detection efficiency from $< 0.05\,\%$ to $(55.3 \pm 1.1)\,\%$ following irradiation. Moreover, the internal detection efficiency saturates at a temperature of 4.5 K after irradiation with $1800\, \mathrm{ions}\, \mathrm{nm}^{-2}$. For irradiated 10 nm thick detectors we observe a doubling of the switching current (to $20\, μ\mathrm{A}$) compared to 8 nm SNSPDs of similar detection efficiency, increasing the amplitude of detection voltage pulses. Investigations of the scaling of superconducting thin film properties with irradiation up to a fluence of $2600\, \mathrm{ions}\, \mathrm{nm}^{-2}$ revealed an increase of sheet resistance and a decrease of critical temperature towards high fluences. A physical model accounting for defect generation and sputtering during helium ion irradiation is presented and shows good qualitative agreement with experiments.
description: 12 pages, 11 Figures
Transport properties of hybrid single-bilayer graphene interfaces in magnetic field
Creators: name: Benlakhouy, Nadia
name: Jellal, Ahmed
name: Schreiber, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electronic properties of a hybrid system that comprises single-bilayer graphene structures subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field. Specifically, our focus is on the behavior exhibited by the zigzag boundaries of the junction, namely Zigzag-1 (ZZ1) and Zigzag-2 (ZZ2), using the continuum Dirac model for rigorous analysis. Our findings reveal a striking dependence of conductance on the width of the bilayer graphene at ZZ1, providing essential insights into the transport behavior of this boundary. Moreover, we observe a captivating phenomenon where the conductance at ZZ2 exhibits prominent maxima, demonstrating a robust correlation with the applied magnetic field. Additionally, our investigation uncovers the profound impact of interfaces on transmission probability, with ZZ1 being notably more affected compared to ZZ2. The variation of the Fermi energy further highlights the significant influence of magnetic field strength on the system's conductive properties, resulting in distinct conductance characteristics between the two regions. The combined results of ZZ1 and ZZ2 provide valuable insights into the system's transport properties. Notably, a clear exponential-like trend in conductance variation with the applied magnetic field underscores the system's strong sensitivity to magnetic changes.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures. Clarifications and references added