Citrogramma clarum Herve-Bazin 1923
Creators: name: Mengual, Ximo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Citrogramma
Citrogramma clarum

description: Citrogramma clarum (Hervé-Bazin, 1923)
Olbiosyrphus clarus Hervé-Bazin, 1923. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr., 1923: 25. Lectotype: m, Vietnam: Chapa [MNHN, Paris] designated by Hervé-Bazin 1926; Hervé-Bazin, 1926: 67, descr., figs; Frey 1946: 163, descr.
Syrphus clarus. Curran 1928: 198; Curran 1931a: 313; Curran 1931b: 350.
Xanthogramma fasciatum Shiraki, 1930. Mem. Fac. Agric. Taihoku imp. Univ., 1: 410, key, figs. Syntypes: m, Taiwan: Kosempo, f, Taiwan: Rakuraku [ITLJ, Tsukuba]; Hull 1949: 290, cit. Synonym by Mengual 2012.
Citrogramma clarum. Vockeroth 1969: 95, cit.; Knutson et al. 1975: 311, cat.; Wyatt 1991: 158, descr. key; Ghorpadé 1994: 9, key; Mengual 2012: 136, key, figs. Huo & Pan 2012: 626, dist.
Xanthogramma fasciata. Knutson et al. 1975: 320, cat.
Citrogramma clarum is a widespread species in the Oriental Region, recorded from Vietnam, Thailand, Borneo, Philippines, Taiwan, Java, and the Malay Peninsula (Pahang). Mengual (2012) provides illustrations of the male genitalia as well as photographs to differentiate the taxa from other similar species of the same species complex.
Citrogramma clarum was described by Hervé-Bazin (1923) from material collected in Laos, Tonkin (northern Vietnam), and Java by M. R. Vitalis de Salvaza. As no original type designation was made, all the studied specimens are considered syntypes. Hervé-Bazin (1926) extends his original description and provides figures. In addition, he designates a male type and several cotypes from Chapa (Tonkin) and Laos, and by giving no details excludes the specimen from Java because it was not in good condition. Following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), the type from Chapa must be considered the lectotype, and the rest of the originally studied material, designated as cotypes by Hervé-Bazin (1926), constitute paralectotypes, including the specimen from Java.
Mengual (2012) designates the lectotype of C. clarum as the male collected from Chapa (Vietnam) on 8.vii.1916 and labelled ‘ Olbiosyrphus / clarus / Hervé-Bazin / Type ♂’ [blue, handwritten]. The lectotype designation by Mengual (2012) was unnecessary, as Hervé-Bazin (1926) illustrates and mentiones the " type male" specimen, the specimen from Chapa (Vietnam). His designation makes this specimen the lectotype and all other material included in the original series into paralectotypes. This designation by Hervé-Bazin (1926) makes the lectotype designation by Mengual (2012) automatically invalid.
In his revision, Mengual (2012) states that he could not find a paratype from Chapa (11.vii.1918) and another paratype from Louang-Prabang (12.ii.1915), Laos, at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (hereafter MNHN) (Paris, France). During a visit to the IRSNB, two Citrogramma specimens were found which proved to be the two lost paralectotypes from the Hervé-Bazin series. A careful study of both specimens showed that they belong to two different species. The male from Chapa (11.vii.1918) belongs to C. amarilla Mengual, 2012, and the other male from Louang-Prabang is identified as C. clarum.
The paralectotype from Louang-Prabang is in poor general condition, with the head shrunk and fungi grown over the entire body. A crucial characteristic for identification of the species, the yellow posterior anepisternum (Mengual 2012, couplet 18), is not well defined in this specimen due to its poor condition. The rest of the characteristics fit with the lectotype. Thus of the original type series, only the lectotype male and this paralectotype belong to C. clarum.
Material examined. 1 male belonging to C. amarilla, labelled: ‘ Chapa / 11-7-18 ’ ‘ Olbiosyrphus / clarus / Hervé-Bazin / Cotype ♂’ [blue] ‘R. Mus. Hist. Nat. / Belg. 11.161 ’ ‘det Hervé-Bazin / Olbiosyrphus / clarus H. B. ’ ‘Ex-Typis” [red font] ‘ Etiquette de localite non / reprise a la diagnose ’ ‘ C. Bull. Soc. Ent. / France 1923 p. 25 ’ ‘ Citrogramma / amarilla / det. X. Mengual 2013’ [IRSNB]. The other male belongs to C. clarum and is labelled: ‘ 12-2-15 / Vitalis ’ ‘ Louang / Prabang ’ ‘ Olbiosyrphus / clarus / Hervé-Bazin / Cotype ♂’ [blue] ‘det Hervé-Bazin / Olbiosyrphus / clarus H. B. ’ ‘R. Mus. Hist. Nat. / Belg. 11.161 ’ ‘Ex-Typis’ [red font] ‘ Etiquette de localite non / reprise a la diagnose ’ ‘ C. Bull. Soc. Ent. / France 1923 p. 25 ’ ‘ Citrogramma / clarum / det. X. Mengual 2013’ [IRSNB]. Its genitalia are in a plastic vial with glycerin.
description: Published as part of Mengual, Ximo, 2013, Notes on Citrogramma Vockeroth and Eosphaerophoria Frey (Diptera: Syrphidae), pp. 388-396 in Zootaxa 3745 (3) on page 391, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3745.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/221080