cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Targeting the mitochondrial pyruvate complex to alter metabolic programming in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Ali, Hassan Asif
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) can be stratified into distinct transcriptome based molecular subtypes, with the ‘basal-like’ (or ‘squamous’) subtype being associated with worse prognosis, compared to the ‘classical’ subtype. These subtypes are assigned based on Moffitt genes signature scores where scores above a threshold value are indictive of the basal-like subtype. Furthermore, PDAC tumours have unique metabolic transcriptomic profiles based on stratification of glycolytic and cholesterogenic genes which correlate with basal-like and classical gene expression patterns, respectively. The mitochondrial pyruvate complex (MPC) mediates the transport of pyruvate into the mitochondria. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) gene, which encodes one of two subunits of MPC, is deleted in over 60% of metastatic PDAC and PDAC glycolytic tumours have lowest levels of MPC1 expression. Using PDAC tissue microarray data, our group found that reduced MPC1 protein expression correlates with reduced survival in patients. Therefore, we hypothesized that targeting MPC1 will alter metabolic reprogramming which may modulate tumour aggressiveness in tumour models. Genomically and clinically annotated patient-derived tumour organoids (PDOs) were generated from metastatic biopsies from patients enrolled in the PanGen study. Baseline metabolism and metabolic flux were measured using Seahorse XFe96 based glycolytic and mito stress tests, these testswere adapted for compatibility with PDOs. Baseline glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) rates demonstrated high variability in glycolytic reserves highlighting the extent of metabolic reprogramming in PDOs. This variability in glycolytic reserve positively associated with Moffitt gene signature scores where PDOs with larger reserves tended to have higher Moffitt scores. To alter metabolic activity, eight PDOs were treated for 48 hours with UK-5099, a MPC1 inhibitor, or SRT-1720. SRT-1720 is an activator of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) which deacetylates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1𝛼), enhancing its activity. PGC1𝛼 has been shown to increase transcription of MPC1. Treatment with UK-5099 raised glycolysis and glycolytic capacity in four PDOs tested and reduced maximal respiration rates in seven PDOs. Treatment with SRT-1720 reduced glycolytic capacity in two PDOs but did not alter OXPHOS rates. Taken together, these results elicit the variability in metabolic dependency in PDOs to meet energy demands and the plasticity of metabolic reprogramming.
Sol–Gel-Process-Based Molten-Flux Synthesis of Plate-like La2NiO4+δ Particles
Creators: name: Escobar Cano, Giamper
name: Brinkmann, Yannick
name: Zhao, Zhijun
name: Kißling, Patrick A.
name: Feldhoff, Armin
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: crystal growth
subject: crystal morphology
subject: La NiO 2 4+ δ
subject: molten-flux synthesis
subject: NaOH melt
subject: sol–gel process
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: La2NiO4+δ particles with a plate-like morphology were prepared from a NaOH melt by molten-flux synthesis. For this purpose, the intermediates from a sol–gel process were used as reactants. Using powder X-ray diffraction, the sol–gel intermediates were identified as a mixture of tetragonal La2O2CO3 and cubic NiO. The existence of NiO was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy in combination with electron-energy loss spectroscopy. The ultrafine mixed sol–gel intermediates were then mixed with NaOH powder and additional water in a nickel crucible and heated to 673 K for 8 h. The chemical reactions in the air during the molten-flux synthesis and the influence of the salt on the formation of La2NiO4+δ were examined by thermogravimetric analysis. The powder X-ray diffraction indicated a K2NiF4-type tetragonal structure with the I4/mmm space group for the reaction product. The scanning electron microscopy showed plate-like La2NiO4+δ crystals with a length and thickness of approximately 9 µm and 2 µm, respectively, while the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed a homogeneous distribution of lanthanum and nickel in the product powder. The influence of the processing parameters on the product generation, as well as on the size and morphology of the La2NiO4+δ particles, was systematically studied.
Analyses of the Impact of Soil Conditions and Soil Degradation on Vegetation Vitality and Crop Productivity Based on Airborne Hyperspectral VNIR–SWIR–TIR Data in a Semi-Arid Rainfed Agricultural Area (Camarena, Central Spain)
Creators: name: Milewski, Robert
name: Schmid, Thomas
name: Chabrillat, Sabine
name: Jiménez, Marcos
name: Escribano, Paula
name: Pelayo, Marta
name: Ben-Dor, Eyal
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: crop productivity
subject: hyperspectral imagery
subject: LAI
subject: Mediterranean
subject: soil degradation
subject: vegetation traits
subject: water stress
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Soils are an essential factor contributing to the agricultural production of rainfed crops such as barley and triticale cereals. Changing environmental conditions and inadequate land management are endangering soil quality and productivity and, in turn, crop quality and productivity are affected. Advances in hyperspectral remote sensing are of great use for the spatial characterization and monitoring of the soil degradation status, as well as its impact on crop growth and agricultural productivity. In this study, hyperspectral airborne data covering the visible, near-infrared, short-wave infrared, and thermal infrared (VNIR–SWIR–TIR, 0.4–12 µm) were acquired in a Mediterranean agricultural area of central Spain and used to analyze the spatial differences in vegetation vitality and grain yield in relation to the soil degradation status. Specifically, leaf area index (LAI), crop water stress index (CWSI), and the biomass of the crop yield are derived from the remote sensing data and discussed regarding their spatial differences and relationship to a classification of erosion and accumulation stages (SEAS) based on previous remote sensing analyses during bare soil conditions. LAI and harvested crop biomass yield could be well estimated by PLS regression based on the hyperspectral and in situ reference data (R2 of 0.83, r of 0.91, and an RMSE of 0.2 m2 m−2 for LAI and an R2 of 0.85, r of 0.92, and an RMSE of 0.48 t ha−1 for grain yield). In addition, the soil erosion and accumulation stages (SEAS) were successfully predicted based on the canopy spectral signal of vegetated crop fields using a random forest machine learning approach. Overall accuracy was achieved above 71% by combining the VNIR–SWIR–TIR canopy reflectance and emissivity of the growing season with topographic information after reducing the redundancy in the spectral dataset. The results show that the estimated crop traits are spatially related to the soil’s degradation status, with shallow and highly eroded soils, as well as sandy accumulation zones being associated with areas of low LAI, crop yield, and high crop water stress. Overall, the results of this study illustrate the enormous potential of imaging spectroscopy for a combined analysis of the plant-soil system in the frame of land and soil degradation monitoring.
Two liquid states of matter: A new dynamic line on a phase diagram
Creators: name: Brazhkin, V. V.
name: Fomin, Yu. D.
name: Lyapin, A. G.
name: Ryzhov, V. N.
name: Trachenko, Kostya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is generally agreed that the supercritical region of a liquid consists of one single state (supercritical fluid). On the other hand, we show here that liquids in this region exist in two qualitatively different states: "rigid" and "non-rigid" liquid. Rigid to non-rigid transition corresponds to the condition τ ~ τ0, where τis liquid relaxation time and τ0 is the minimal period of transverse quasi-harmonic waves. This condition defines a new dynamic line on the phase diagram, and corresponds to the loss of shear stiffness of a liquid at all available frequencies, and consequently to the qualitative change of many important liquid properties. We analyze the dynamic line theoretically as well as in real and model liquids, and show that the transition corresponds to the disappearance of high-frequency sound, qualitative changes of diffusion and viscous flow, increase of particle thermal speed to half of the speed of sound and reduction of the constant volume specific heat to 2kB per particle. In contrast to the Widom line that exists near the critical point only, the new dynamic line is universal: it separates two liquid states at arbitrarily high pressure and temperature, and exists in systems where liquid - gas transition and the critical point are absent overall.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
Milkweeds, monarchs, and their microbes: understanding how plant species influences community composition and functional potential
Creators: name: Hansen, Thorsten E
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310703
subject: Microbial ecology
classificationCode: 310409
subject: Microbial taxonomy
classificationCode: 319999
subject: Other biological sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are specialized compounds produced in response to a range of insect herbivores and microbes, making them important in shaping tri-trophic interactions. However, despite being well-studied in the context of plant-insect coevolution, it is unclear how PSMs impact microbial communities associated with plants and the insect herbivores that feed on them. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to better understand how variation in plant defensive responses, particularly expression of PSMs, influences the composition and functional potential of microbial communities associated with plant tissues (roots and leaves) and insect herbivores. Monarchs (Danaus plexippus) and their milkweed hosts (Asclepias spp.) are well-studied for mechanisms of plant defense and insect counter defense, but little is known about the role of associated microbial communities in this iconic system. To address this knowledge gap, a combination of metabarcoding and metagenomics was used to characterize the taxonomic composition and functional gene profiles of bacterial communities associated with plant tissues (i.e., phyllosphere and rhizosphere) and monarch caterpillars fed on multiple milkweed species (A. curassavica, A. syriaca, and A. tuberosa). Findings show the composition of phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and monarch microbiomes vary across milkweed species in terms of diversity and relative abundance of bacterial taxa. Furthermore, phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbiomes were shown to have distinct functional gene profiles and presence of potential PSM metabolism genes that also varied across milkweed species. Rhizosphere microbiomes had a greater overall capacity for PSM metabolism compared to the phyllosphere, having more genes, and associated metabolic pathways involved in degradation or detoxification of known classes of PSMs. However, plant associated microbiomes were not generally affected by monarch feeding, evidenced by few changes in taxonomic composition or abundance of genes predicted to be involved in PSM metabolism. Interestingly, monarch microbiomes shared >90% of their taxa with their host plants, but there was little evidence of PSM metabolism genes present in functional gene profiles. Overall, this dissertation lays the foundation for understanding how PSMs shape all the microbial communities associated with monarchs and their milkweed hosts. Findings suggest plant defensive responses affect the assembly, functional potential and ultimately the evolution of plant and insect microbiomes.
Anomalous dissipation in a stochastic inviscid dyadic model
Creators: name: Barbato, David
name: Flandoli, Franco
name: Morandin, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A stochastic version of an inviscid dyadic model of turbulence, with multiplicative noise, is proved to exhibit energy dissipation in spite of the formal energy conservation. As a consequence, global regular solutions cannot exist. After some reductions, the main tool is the escape bahavior at infinity of a certain birth and death process.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AAP768 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Editorial: Rhizosphere conversation among the plant-plant microbiome-soil under consecutive monoculture regimes
Creators: name: Wu, Hongmiao
name: Fang, Changxun
name: Malacrinò, Antonino
name: Winkelmann, Traud
name: Xiong, Wu
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: consecutive monoculture
subject: negative plant-soil feedback
subject: plant microbiome
subject: rhizosphere interactions
subject: rhizosphere management
subject: soil microbiome
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: [no abstract available]
Degeneration Effects of Thin-Film Sensors after Critical Load Conditions of Machine Components
Creators: name: Ottermann, Rico
name: Steppeler, Tobias
name: Dencker, Folke
name: Wurz, Marc Christopher
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: bearings
subject: k-factor
subject: plastic deformation
subject: sensor data fusion
subject: sputtering
subject: strain gauge
subject: temperature coefficient of resistance
subject: temperature sensor
subject: thin-film sensor
subject: tribological contact
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: In the context of intelligent components in industrial applications in the automotive, energy or construction sector, sensor monitoring is crucial for security issues and to avoid long and costly downtimes. This article discusses component-inherent thin-film sensors for this purpose, which, in contrast to conventional sensor technology, can be applied inseparably onto the component’s surface via sputtering, so that a maximum of information about the component’s condition can be generated, especially regarding deformation. This article examines whether the sensors can continue to generate reliable measurement data even after critical component loads have been applied. This extends their field of use concerning plastic deformation behavior. Therefore, any change in sensor properties is necessary for ongoing elastic strain measurements. These novel fundamentals are established for thin-film constantan strain gauges and platinum temperature sensors on steel substrates. In general, a k-factor decrease and an increase in the temperature coefficient of resistance with increasing plastic deformation could be observed until a sensor failure above 0.5% plastic deformation (constantan) occurred (1.3% for platinum). Knowing these values makes it possible to continue measuring elastic strains after critical load conditions on a machine component in terms of plastic deformation. Additionally, a method of sensor-data fusion for the clear determination of plastic deformation and temperature change is presented.
Additional file 3 of Harm reduction in Europe: a framework for civil society-led monitoring
Creators: name: Rigoni, Rafaela
name: Tammi, Tuukka
name: Gouwe, Daan Van Der
name: Schatz, Eberhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 3. C-EHRN monitoring questionnaire 2020.
Global testing under sparse alternatives: ANOVA, multiple comparisons and the higher criticism
Creators: name: Arias-Castro, Ery
name: Candès, Emmanuel J.
name: Plan, Yaniv
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Testing for the significance of a subset of regression coefficients in a linear model, a staple of statistical analysis, goes back at least to the work of Fisher who introduced the analysis of variance (ANOVA). We study this problem under the assumption that the coefficient vector is sparse, a common situation in modern high-dimensional settings. Suppose we have $p$ covariates and that under the alternative, the response only depends upon the order of $p^{1-α}$ of those, $0\leα\le1$. Under moderate sparsity levels, that is, $0\leα\le1/2$, we show that ANOVA is essentially optimal under some conditions on the design. This is no longer the case under strong sparsity constraints, that is, $α>1/2$. In such settings, a multiple comparison procedure is often preferred and we establish its optimality when $α\geq3/4$. However, these two very popular methods are suboptimal, and sometimes powerless, under moderately strong sparsity where $1/21/2$. This optimality property is true for a variety of designs, including the classical (balanced) multi-way designs and more modern "$p>n$" designs arising in genetics and signal processing. In addition to the standard fixed effects model, we establish similar results for a random effects model where the nonzero coefficients of the regression vector are normally distributed.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOS910 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Über- und Ausblick: Werkzeuge und Architekturen für digitale Editionen - React als Frontendwerkzeug
Creators: name: Schiller-Stoff, Sebastian David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Slides for the presentation. Part of the session "Über- und Ausblick: Werkzeuge und Architekturen für digitale Editionen (P. Sahle, F. Etling, S. Stoff)"
Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Atmospheric Deposition of Dissolved Organic Carbon
Creators: name: Liptzin, Daniel
name: Boy, Jens
name: Campbell, John L.
name: Clarke, Nicholas
name: Laclau, Jean‐Paul
name: Godoy, Roberto
name: Johnson, Sherri L.
name: Kaiser, Klaus
name: Likens, Gene E.
name: Karlsson, Gunilla Pihl
name: Markewitz, Daniel
name: Rogora, Michela
name: Sebestyen, Stephen D.
name: Shanley, James B.
name: Vanguelova, Elena
name: Verstraeten, Arne
name: Wilcke, Wolfgang
name: Worrall, Fred
name: McDowell, William H.
Publisher: name: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: atmospheric deposition
subject: carbon cycling
subject: dissolved organic carbon
subject: global synthesis
subject: precipitation chemistry
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Atmospheric deposition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to terrestrial ecosystems is a small, but rarely studied component of the global carbon (C) cycle. Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and organic particulates are the sources of atmospheric C and deposition represents a major pathway for the removal of organic C from the atmosphere. Here, we evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of DOC deposition using 70 data sets at least one year in length ranging from 40° south to 66° north latitude. Globally, the median DOC concentration in bulk deposition was 1.7 mg L−1. The DOC concentrations were significantly higher in tropical (<25°) latitudes compared to temperate (>25°) latitudes. DOC deposition was significantly higher in the tropics because of both higher DOC concentrations and precipitation. Using the global median or latitudinal specific DOC concentrations leads to a calculated global deposition of 202 or 295 Tg C yr−1 respectively. Many sites exhibited seasonal variability in DOC concentration. At temperate sites, DOC concentrations were higher during the growing season; at tropical sites, DOC concentrations were higher during the dry season. Thirteen of the thirty-four long-term (>10 years) data sets showed significant declines in DOC concentration over time with the others showing no significant change. Based on the magnitude and timing of the various sources of organic C to the atmosphere, biogenic VOCs likely explain the latitudinal pattern and the seasonal pattern at temperate latitudes while decreases in anthropogenic emissions are the most likely explanation for the declines in DOC concentration.
The Shape of Dark Matter Haloes in the Aquarius Simulations: Evolution and Memory
Creators: name: Vera-Ciro, Carlos A.
name: Sales, Laura V.
name: Helmi, Amina
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Navarro, Julio F.
name: Springel, Volker
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: White, Simon D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the high resolution cosmological N-body simulations from the Aquarius project to investigate in detail the mechanisms that determine the shape of Milky Way-type dark matter haloes. We find that, when measured at the instantaneous virial radius, the shape of individual haloes changes with time, evolving from a typically prolate configuration at early stages to a more triaxial/oblate geometry at the present day. This evolution in halo shape correlates well with the distribution of the infalling material: prolate configurations arise when haloes are fed through narrow filaments, which characterizes the early epochs of halo assembly, whereas triaxial/oblate configurations result as the accretion turns more isotropic at later times. Interestingly, at redshift z=0, clear imprints of the past history of each halo are recorded in their shapes at different radii, which also exhibit a variation from prolate in the inner regions to triaxial/oblate in the outskirts. Provided that the Aquarius haloes are fair representatives of Milky Way-like 10^12 Msun objects, we conclude that the shape of such dark matter haloes is a complex, time-dependent property, with each radial shell retaining memory of the conditions at the time of collapse.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Minor changes to match published version
Additional file 2 of Modified silicone stent for the treatment of post-surgical bronchopleural fistula: a clinical observation of 17 cases
Creators: name: Junli Zeng
name: Xuemei Wu
name: Zhide Chen
name: Meihua Zhang
name: Ke, Mingyao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. The type of the stents.
Microcanonical Entropy and Dynamical Measure of Temperature for Systems with Two First Integrals
Creators: name: Franzosi, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a generic classical many particle system described by an autonomous Hamiltonian $H(x^{_1},...,x^{_{N+2}})$ which, in addition, has a conserved quantity $V(x^{_1},...,x^{_{N+2}})=v$, so that the Poisson bracket $\{H,V \}$ vanishes. We derive in detail the microcanonical expressions for entropy and temperature. We show that both of these quantities depend on multidimensional integrals over submanifolds given by the intersection of the constant energy hypersurfaces with those defined by $V(x^{_1},...,x^{_{N+2}})=v$. We show that temperature and higher order derivatives of entropy are microcanonical observable that, under the hypothesis of ergodicity, can be calculated as time averages of suitable functions. We derive the explicit expression of the function that gives the temperature.
description: 4 pages, preprint
Additional file 1 of TERT rs2736100 and TERC rs16847897 genotypes moderate the association between internalizing mental disorders and accelerated telomere length attrition among HIV+ children and adolescents in Uganda
Creators: name: Kalungi, Allan
name: Kinyanda, Eugene
name: Womersley, Jacqueline S.
name: Joloba, Moses L.
name: Ssembajjwe, Wilber
name: Nsubuga, Rebecca N.
name: Pontiano Kaleebu
name: Levin, Jonathan
name: Kidd, Martin
name: Seedat, Soraya
name: Hemmings, Sian M. J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Figures S1 and S2 show the linkage disequilibrium map of TERT and TERC single nucleotide polymorphisms respectively. Table S1 shows the genotype and aplotype frequencies for TERT and TERC single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Calculus of Variations with Classical and Fractional Derivatives
Creators: name: Odzijewicz, Tatiana
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49K05, 26A33

description: We give a proper fractional extension of the classical calculus of variations. Necessary optimality conditions of Euler-Lagrange type for variational problems containing both classical and fractional derivatives are proved. The fundamental problem of the calculus of variations with mixed integer and fractional order derivatives as well as isoperimetric problems are considered.
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form has been published in: Math. Balkanica 26 (2012), no 1-2, 191--202. It was first announced at the IFAC Workshop on Fractional Derivatives and Applications (IFAC FDA'2010), held in University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain, October 18-20, 2010; then subsequently at conference TMSF'2011
Rapid generation of all-optical K 39 Bose-Einstein condensates using a low-field Feshbach resonance
Creators: name: Herbst, A.
name: Albers, H.
name: Stolzenberg, K.
name: Bode, S.
name: Schlippert, D.
Publisher: name: Woodbury, NY : Inst.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atoms
subject: Evaporation
subject: Resonance
subject: Statistical mechanics
subject: All optical
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Ultracold potassium is an interesting candidate for quantum technology applications and fundamental research as it allows controlling intra-atomic interactions via low-field magnetic Feshbach resonances. However, the realization of high-flux sources of Bose-Einstein condensates remains challenging due to the necessity of optical trapping to use magnetic fields as free parameters. We investigate the production of all-optical K39 Bose-Einstein condensates with different scattering lengths using a Feshbach resonance near 33 G. By tuning the scattering length in a range between 75a0 and 300a0 we demonstrate a tradeoff between evaporation speed and final atom number and decrease our evaporation time by a factor of 5 while approximately doubling the evaporation flux. To this end, we are able to produce fully condensed ensembles with 5.8×104 atoms within 850-ms evaporation time at a scattering length of 232a0 and 1.6×105 atoms within 3.9s at 158a0, respectively. We deploy a numerical model to analyze the flux and atom number scaling with respect to scattering length, identify current limitations, and simulate the optimal performance of our setup. Based on our findings we describe routes towards high-flux sources of ultracold potassium for inertial sensing.
Time Dependent Quark Masses and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Revisited
Creators: name: Cheoun, Myung-Ki
name: Kajino, Toshitaka
name: Kusakabe, Motohiko
name: Mathews, Grant J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reinvestigate the constraints from primordial nucleosynthesis on a possible time-dependent quark mass. The limits on such quark-mass variations are particularly sensitive to the adopted observational abundance constraints. Hence, in the present study we have considered updated light-element abundances and uncertainties deduced from observations. We also consider new nuclear reaction rates and an independent analysis of the influence of such quark-mass variations on the resonance properties of the important 3He(d,p)4He reaction. We find that the updated abundance and resonance constraints imply a narrower range on the possible quark-mass variations in the early universe. We also find that, contrary to previous investigations, the optimum concordance region reduces to a (95% C.L.) value of -0.005 < delta m_q/m_q < 0.007 consistent with no variation in the averaged quark mass.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, analytic formulae of D and 4He abundances as well as standard BBN prediction added, discussion on the 6Li production added, minor errors fixed, accepted for publication in PRD
Ground state at high density
Creators: name: Suto, Andras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak limits as the density tends to infinity of classical ground states of integrable pair potentials are shown to minimize the mean-field energy functional. By studying the latter we derive global properties of high-density ground state configurations in bounded domains and in infinite space. Our main result is a theorem stating that for interactions having a strictly positive Fourier transform the distribution of particles tends to be uniform as the density increases, while high-density ground states show some pattern if the Fourier transform is partially negative. The latter confirms the conclusion of earlier studies by Vlasov (1945), Kirzhnits and Nepomnyashchii (1971), and Likos et al. (2007). Other results include the proof that there is no Bravais lattice among high-density ground states of interactions whose Fourier transform has a negative part and the potential diverges or has a cusp at zero. We also show that in the ground state configurations of the penetrable sphere model particles are superposed on the sites of a close-packed lattice.
description: Note added
First experimental evidence suggests use of glucobrassicin as source of auxin in drought-stressed Arabidopsis thaliana
Creators: name: Hornbacher, Johann
name: Horst-Niessen, Ina
name: Herrfurth, Cornelia
name: Feussner, Ivo
name: Papenbrock, Jutta
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: auxin
subject: drought stress
subject: glucobrassicin (PubChem CID: 5484743)
subject: glucosinolates
subject: Indole - 3 - acetic acid (IAA)
subject: turnover (TO)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The synthesis of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) from the indolic glucosinolate (iGSL) glucobrassicin (GB) is a unique trait of members of the Brassicales. To assess the contribution of this pathway to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis under stress conditions, drought stress (DS) experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana were performed in vitro. Analysis of GSLs in DS plants revealed higher contents of GB in shoots and roots compared to control plants. Deuterium incorporation experiments showed the highest turnover of GB compared to all other GSLs during drought conditions. Evidence suggests the involvement of the thioglucosidase BGLU18 in the degradation of GB. The nitrile specifier proteins NSP1 and NSP5 are known to direct the GSL hydrolysis towards formation of IAN. Nitrilases like NIT2 are able to subsequently synthesize IAA from IAN. Expression of BGLU18, NSP1, NSP5 and NIT2 and contents of GB, IAN and IAA were significantly elevated in DS plants compared to control plants suggesting the increased use of GB as IAA source. Significantly higher contents of reactive oxygen species in DS bglu18 and epithionitrile specifier protein (esp) mutants compared to Col-0 indicate higher stress levels in these mutants highlighting the need for both proteins in DS plants. Furthermore, GB accumulation in leaves was higher in both mutants during DS when compared to Col-0 indicating enhanced synthesis of GB due to a lack of breakdown products. This work provides the first evidence for the breakdown of iGSLs to IAN which seems to be used for synthesis of IAA in DS A. thaliana plants.
Partial duals of plane graphs, separability and the graphs of knots
Creators: name: Moffatt, Iain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: There is a well-known way to describe a link diagram as a (signed) plane graph, called its Tait graph. This concept was recently extended, providing a way to associate a set of embedded graphs (or ribbon graphs) to a link diagram. While every plane graph arises as a Tait graph of a unique link diagram, not every embedded graph represents a link diagram. Furthermore, although a Tait graph describes a unique link diagram, the same embedded graph can represent many different link diagrams. One is then led to ask which embedded graphs represent link diagrams, and how link diagrams presented by the same embedded graphs are related to one another. Here we answer these questions by characterizing the class of embedded graphs that represent link diagrams, and then using this characterization to find a move that relates all of the link diagrams that are presented by the same set of embedded graphs.
description: v2: major changes
Additional file 1 of A qualitative study to identify critical attributes and attribute-levels for a discrete choice experiment on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery among young people in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa
Creators: name: Dietrich, Janan J.
name: Atujuna, Millicent
name: Gugulethu Tshabalala
name: Hornschuh, Stefanie
name: Mamakiri Mulaudzi
name: Koh, Michelle
name: Ahmed, Nadia
name: Muhumuza, Richard
name: Ssemata, Andrew S.
name: Otwombe, Kennedy
name: Linda-Gail Bekker
name: Seeley, Janet
name: Martinson, Neil A.
name: Terris-Prestholt, Fern
name: Fox, Julie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Demographic Questionnaire. The brief socio-demographic questionnaire included questions on sex, age, race, primary home language, sexual orientation, and education level.
Screening of emerging pollutants (Eps) in estuarine water and phytoremediation capacity of tripolium pannonicum under controlled conditions
Creators: name: Turcios, Ariel E.
name: Hielscher, Marie
name: Duarte, Bernardo
name: Fonseca, Vanessa F.
name: Caçador, Isabel
name: Papenbrock, Jutta
Publisher: name: Basel : Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: emerging pollutants
subject: halophytes
subject: organic pollution
subject: phytoremediation
subject: xenobiotics
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: The increasing number of pharmaceuticals in the environment and their difficult biodegra-dation, can lead to bioaccumulation in different trophic compartments. Their bioaccumulation can have negative consequences, especially in the generation of bacterial resistance by antibiotics, but also in the impairment of plant and animal metabolism. The Tejo estuary in Portugal is the habitat for many plant and animal species, which are also prone to this type of contamination. There-fore, in the present study different classes of emerging pollutants (EPs) were surveyed in water samples in the Tejo estuary, including antibiotics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, lipid-lowering drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers and analgesics. According to the results, only four compounds were detected in water samples collected at the three selected salt marshes, including carbamazepine, fluoxetine hydrochloride, venlafaxine hydrochloride and acetaminophen. Having the detected substances as a basis, a subsequent study was performed aiming to investigate the uptake and biodegradation capacity of halophytes, using Tripolium pannonicum as a model plant culti-vated under controlled conditions with different concentrations of the found EPs. This experimental approach showed that T. pannonicum was able to uptake and degrade xenobiotics. Moreover, the application of sulfamethazine, as a model antibiotic, showed also that this species can uptake and degrade this compound, although the degradation rate and process proved to be compound-specific. This was also confirmed using crude plant extracts spiked with the different EPs. Thus this species is a potential candidate for the remediation of marine water and sediments contaminated with environmentally-significant EPs. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Statistical inference optimized with respect to the observed sample for single or multiple comparisons
Creators: name: Bickel, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 62Fxx

description: The normalized maximum likelihood (NML) is a recent penalized likelihood that has properties that justify defining the amount of discrimination information (DI) in the data supporting an alternative hypothesis over a null hypothesis as the logarithm of an NML ratio, namely, the alternative hypothesis NML divided by the null hypothesis NML. The resulting DI, like the Bayes factor but unlike the p-value, measures the strength of evidence for an alternative hypothesis over a null hypothesis such that the probability of misleading evidence vanishes asymptotically under weak regularity conditions and such that evidence can support a simple null hypothesis. Unlike the Bayes factor, the DI does not require a prior distribution and is minimax optimal in a sense that does not involve averaging over outcomes that did not occur. Replacing a (possibly pseudo-) likelihood function with its weighted counterpart extends the scope of the DI to models for which the unweighted NML is undefined. The likelihood weights leverage side information, either in data associated with comparisons other than the comparison at hand or in the parameter value of a simple null hypothesis. Two case studies, one involving multiple populations and the other involving multiple biological features, indicate that the DI is robust to the type of side information used when that information is assigned the weight of a single observation. Such robustness suggests that very little adjustment for multiple comparisons is warranted if the sample size is at least moderate.
description: Typo in equation (7) of v2 corrected in equation (6) of v3; clarity improved
New directions in empirical asset pricing : information, innovation, and stock returns
Creators: name: Vahl, Julian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: This dissertation is a collection of three essays that explore new directions in empirical asset pricing. The first essay studies the role of textual information in analyst reports. I show that analysts use the report text to convey soft information that has not yet been incorporated into their numerical forecasts. A simple tone measure predicts forecast revisions and forecast errors several periods ahead. Market prices quickly and adequately absorb the soft earnings information in analyst tone after the report publication. I demonstrate that analyst tone can be used to measure the saliency of upside or downside risks. The second essay proposes a novel deep learning approach to identify predictors of announcement returns from text. The method reveals that stock returns on earnings announcement days are predictable using analyst reports published weeks before the announcements. The identified predictors perform well for several years out-of-sample but eventually vanish. The predictability arises from a persistent underreaction to firm-specific news. A portfolio strategy based on out-of-sample announcement predictions earns large significant alpha. The findings are consistent with biased expectations and not in line with common risk-based explanations. The third essay studies the pricing of technological innovators in the stock market. It shows that technological innovators are priced differently, earning high stock returns controlling for standard factors, with less punishment for high capital investment and weak profitability. We create the persistent new firm variable patent intensity (PI), patents received divided by market capitalization, available from 1926. Aged PI portfolios and standard factors show high alpha and low profitability lasting more than a decade past formation for firms with high patenting intensity. Adding an expected growth factor, alphas become insignificant at most horizons, and loadings show large but declining growth, aggressive and increasing investment, and weak but improving profitability. The essay discusses partly unifying interpretations of some important factor models and the essential role of expected growth.
Additional file 2 of A qualitative study to identify critical attributes and attribute-levels for a discrete choice experiment on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery among young people in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa
Creators: name: Dietrich, Janan J.
name: Atujuna, Millicent
name: Gugulethu Tshabalala
name: Hornschuh, Stefanie
name: Mamakiri Mulaudzi
name: Koh, Michelle
name: Ahmed, Nadia
name: Muhumuza, Richard
name: Ssemata, Andrew S.
name: Otwombe, Kennedy
name: Linda-Gail Bekker
name: Seeley, Janet
name: Martinson, Neil A.
name: Terris-Prestholt, Fern
name: Fox, Julie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Qualitative Interview Guide for Group Discussions and In-Depth Interviews. A semi-structured guide including open ended questions and relevant probes to facilitate and guide the discussions during Group Discussions and In-Depth Interviews.
Neutrino masses from new generations
Creators: name: Aparici, Alberto
name: Herrero-García, Juan
name: Rius, Nuria
name: Santamaria, Arcadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the possibility that Majorana masses for the three known neutrinos are generated radiatively by the presence of a fourth generation and one right-handed neutrino with Yukawa couplings and a Majorana mass term. We find that the observed light neutrino mass hierarchy is not compatible with low energy universality bounds in this minimal scenario, but all present data can be accommodated with five generations and two right-handed neutrinos. Within this framework, we explore the parameter space regions which are currently allowed and could lead to observable effects in neutrinoless double beta decay, $μ- e$ conversion in nuclei and $μ\rightarrow e γ$ experiments. We also discuss the detection prospects at LHC.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures. Version to be published. Some typos corrected. Improved figures 3 and 4
Maxwell-Chern-Simons Hydrodynamics for the Chiral Magnetic Effect
Creators: name: Ozonder, Sener
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rate of vacuum changing topological solutions of the gluon field, sphalerons, is estimated to be large at the typical temperatures of heavy-ion collisions, particularly at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Such windings in the gluon field are expected to produce parity-odd bubbles, which cause separation of positively and negatively charged quarks along the axis of the external magnetic field. This chiral magnetic effect can be mimicked by Chern-Simons modified electromagnetism. Here we present a model of relativistic hydrodynamics including the effects of axial anomalies via the Chern-Simons term.
description: 4 pages. Eqns (16), (26) and (28) are corrected. Version includes the erratum Phys. Rev. C 84, 019903(E) (2011)
Molecular alterations of driver genes in non-small cell lung cancer – from diagnostics to targeted therapy
Creators: name: Grodzka, Anna
name: Knopik-Skrocka, Agnieszka
name: Kowalska, Katarzyna
name: Kurzawa, Paweł
name: Krzyżaniak, Monika
name: Stencel, Katarzyna
name: Bryl, Maciej
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: non-small cell lung cancer
driver genes
molecular alterations
targeted therapies

description: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death all over the world. The majority (80-85 %) of lung cancer cases are classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Within NSCLC, adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most often recognized. The histological and immunohistochemical examination of NSCLC is a basic diagnostic tool, but insufficient for comprehensive therapeutic decisions. In some NSCLC patients, mainly adenocarcinoma, molecular alterations in driver genes, like EGFR, KRAS, HER2, ALK, MET, BRAF, RET, ROS1, and NTRK are recognized. The frequency of some of those changes is different depending on race, and between smokers and non-smokers. The molecular diagnostics of NSCLC using modern methods, like next-generation sequencing, is essential in estimating targeted, personalized therapy. In recent years, a breakthrough in understanding the importance of molecular studies for the precise treatment of NSCLC has been observed. Many new drugs were approved, including tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clinical trials testing novel molecules like miRNAs and trials with CAR-T cells (chimeric antigen receptor – T cells) dedicated to NSCLC patients are ongoing.
description: EXCLI Journal; 22:Doc415; ISSN 1611-2156
J.S. Bach, Toccata e Fuga BWV 565, adapted for clarinet quartet
Creators: name: Casadei, Diego
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Transcription of Bach's masterpiece "Toccata e Fuga" in D minor BWV 565 for clarinet quartet. The most difficult passages are (as usual) assigned to the first two clarinets. The third clarinet would ideally have extension down to the lower E-flat. If this is not the case, one may either "move" a few short sentences to the bass clarinet or play the third part with a A-clarinet (this increases the difficulty of the third player, making it comparable to the level of the first two). This transcription was prepared before the end of the previous millennium, when I had no computer at hand.