Grandilithus lanxi Xu & Mu & Zhang & Zhang 2023, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Xu, Mengjiao
name: Mu, Yannan
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Zhang, Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Phrurolithidae
Grandilithus
Grandilithus lanxi

description: Grandilithus lanxi sp. nov.  
Figs 5, 6 Chinese name: 兰溪大斑蛛  
Type material.  
 Holotype ♂ (HBUARA#2021-68): China: Yangmingshan Park, Chongyi County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, Lanxi Valley (25°39.22'N, 114°18.99'E; 506 m a.s.l.), 28 May 2021, leg. Yannan Mu.  Paratype: 3  ♀, with same data as holotype.   
Etymology.  
The specific epithet refers to the type locality.  
Diagnosis.  
 This species resembles G. fengshan Liu & Li, 2022 in having a similarly shaped embolus and tegular apophysis, but can be recognized by: 1) the long, distally sharp, nearly ensiform-shaped RTA (vs RTA short, tip curved, coracoid-shaped, cf. Fig. 6C, D with fig. 45D-F in Liu et al. 2022); 2) the narrow tegulum (thinner than cymbium) (vs tegulum wider than cymbium, cf. Fig. 6C, D with fig. 45D in Liu et al. 2022); 3) the wide median septum (vs narrower, cf. Fig. 6E, F with fig. 15D, E in Mu and Zhang 2023b), 4) the long, cylindrical glandular appendage (vs short, discoidal, cf. Fig. 6E, F with fig. 15D, E in Mu and Zhang 2023b); and 5) the large spermathecae, connecting tubes thick with broad base (vs connecting tubes thin without broad base, spermathecae small, cf. Fig. 6E, F with fig. 15D, E in Mu and Zhang 2023b).   
Description.  
 Male (holotype): total length 3.68, carapace 1.70 long, 1.44 wide; abdomen 1.98 long, 1.12 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.10, PME 0.08, PLE 0.09; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.01, ALE-ALE 0.29, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.06, PLE-PLE 0.38, ALE-PLE 0.08. EAW 0.53, CRW 0.69, EAW/CRW 0.77, CRW/CW 0.48. MOA 0.29 long, anterior width 0.28, posterior width 0.28. CH 0.13. CH/AME 1.08. Labium 0.20 long, 0.25 wide. Sternum 0.96 long, 0.83 wide. Leg measurements: I 8.73 (2.20, 0.63, 2.46, 1.96, 1.48), II 6.79 (1.66, 0.56, 1.84, 1.55, 1.18), III 5.72 (1.44, 0.53, 1.22, 1.60, 0.93), IV 8.86 (2.36, 0.60, 2.04, 2.56, 1.30), leg pattern: 4123. Spination: femur I-IV d 1, femur I pl 5, tibia I pv 8 rv 9, tibia II pv 8 rv 7, metatarsus I pv 4 rv 4, metatarsus II pv 4 rv 2.   
  Coloration.  Carapace yellow-brown, with several patches resembling flowing droplets beside fovea. Abdomen black-gray, with a yellow-brown dorsal scutum longer than 1/2 abdomen length. A small, irregular, slightly sclerotized area in front of the spinnerets with black setae. Leg yellow-brown.   
 Palp as in Fig. 6A-D. Femoral apophysis protruding. Tubercle distinct. Retrolateral tibial apophysis long, curved, with wide base and sword-like tip. Tegulum oval, slightly thinner than cymbium; tegular apophysis nearly triangular. Sperm duct distinct, tapering from retrolateral of tegulum to base of embolus. Embolus curved, tip blunt.   
 Female (paratype): total length 4.93, carapace 2.07 long, 1.75 wide; abdomen 2.86 long, 1.95 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.12, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10; AME-AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.01, ALE-ALE 0.35, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.09, PLE-PLE 0.48, ALE-PLE 0.09. EAW 0.64, CRW 0.88, EAW/CRW 0.73, CRW/CW 0.50. MOA 0.32 long, anterior width 0.32, posterior width 0.30. CH 0.15, CH/AME 1.07. Labium 0.23 long, 0.32 wide. Sternum 1.25 long, 0.92 wide. Leg measurements: I 9.54 (2.36, 0.76, 2.90, 2.20, 1.32), II 7.68 (1.96, 0.61, 2.17, 1.74, 1.20), III 6.18 (1.65, 0.56, 1.37, 1.67, 0.93), IV 9.63 (2.69, 0.67, 2.21, 2.86, 1.20), leg pattern: 4123. Spination: femur I d 1 pl 6, femur II d 2 pl 4, femur III-IV d 1, tibia I pv 10 rv 10, tibia II pv 9 rv 8, metatarsus I pv 4 rv 4, metatarsus II pv 5 rv 4.   
  Coloration.  Carapace slightly darker than male, with several patches resembling flowing droplets beside fovea. Abdomen black. A small, irregular, slightly sclerotized area in front of the spinnerets with black setae. Leg yellow-brown.   
 Epigyne as in Fig. 6E, F. Epigynal plate slightly sclerotized. Median septum wide, inverted goblet-shaped. Copulatory openings small, separated by median septum. Copulatory ducts thick. Glandular appendages thick, short-cylindrical. Connecting tubes thinner than copulatory ducts, base broad. Bursa nearly reniform, the right one slightly larger than left in dorsal view. Spermathecae oval, slanted, separated from each other. Fertilization ducts located at posterior of spermathecae.   
Distribution.  
China: Jiangxi Province (Fig. 7).
description: Published as part of Xu, Mengjiao, Mu, Yannan, Zhang, Chao & Zhang, Feng, 2023, Three new species of Grandilithus Liu & Li, 2022 (Araneae, Phrurolithidae) from southern China, pp. 205-217 in ZooKeys 1183 on page 205, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1183.113075