cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Acceleration and collimation of relativistic plasmas ejected by fast rotators
Creators: name: Bogovalov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A stationary self-consistent outflow of a magnetised relativistic plasma from a rotating object with an initially monopole-like magnetic field is investigated in the ideal MHD approximation under the condition $σ/U_0^2 >1$, where $σ$ is the ratio of the Poynting flux over the mass energy flux at the equator and the surface of the star, with $U_0=γ_0v_0/c$ and $γ_0$ the initial four-velocity and Lorentz factor of the plasma. The mechanism of the magnetocentrifugal acceleration and self-collimation of the relativistic plasma is investigated. A jet-like relativistic flow along the axis of rotation is found in the steady-state solution under the condition $σ/U_0^2 >1$ with properties predicted analytically. The amount of the collimated matter in the jet is rather small in comparison to the total mass flux in the wind. An explanation for the weak self-collimation of relativistic winds is given.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy&Astrophysics
Simultaneous control of harmonic yield and energy cutoff of high-harmonic generation using seeded plasmonic-enhanced fields
Creators: name: Ansari, Irfana N.
name: Mrudul, M. S.
name: Ciappina, Marcelo F.
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Dixit, Gopal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study high-order harmonic generation (HHG) driven by seeded plasmonic-enhanced fields. On one hand, plasmonic-enhanced fields have shown a great potential to extend the HHG cutoff, an instrumental pre-requisite for the generation of attosecond pulses. On another hand, the use of XUV seeds appears to have a considerable potential to improve the HHG conversion efficiency, which is typically modest when a unique fundamental laser pulse is employed. By mixing these two sources, we show it is possible to, simultaneously, boost the HHG cutoff and to increase the harmonic photon flux. The combination of these features potentially enables to generate intense and spectrally broad attosecond pulse trains.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures
Hole depletion and localization due to disorder in insulating PrBa2Cu3O7-d: a Compton scattering study
Creators: name: Shukla, Abhay
name: Barbiellini, Bernardo
name: Erb, Andreas
name: Manuel, Alfred A.
name: Buslaps, Thomas
name: Honkimaki, Veijo
name: Suortti, Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The (mostly) insulating behaviour of PrBa2Cu3O7-d is still unexplained and even more interesting since the occasional appearance of superconductivity in this material. Since YBa2Cu3O7-d is nominally iso-structural and always superconducting, we have measured the electron momentum density in these materials. We find that they differ in a striking way, the wavefunction coherence length in PrBa2Cu3O7-d being strongly suppressed. We conclude that Pr on Ba-site substitution disorder is responsible for the metal-insulator transition. Preliminary efforts at growth with a method to prevent disorder yield 90K superconducting PrBa2Cu3O7-d crystallites.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, revised version submitted to PRL
A Thin Foil-foil Proton Recoil Spectrometer for DT neutrons using annular silicon detectors
Creators: name: Marcinkevicius, Benjaminas
name: Sunden, Erik Andersson
name: Conroy, Sean
name: Ericsson, Göran
name: Hjalmarsson, Anders
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of Thin-foil proton recoil (TPR) spectrometers to measure neutrons from Deuterium-Tritium (DT) fusion plasma has been studied previously and is a well established technique for neutron spectrometry. The study presented here focuses on the optimisation of the TPR spectrometer configurations consisting of dE and E silicon detectors. In addition an investigation of the spectrometer's ability to determine fuel ion temperature and fuel ion density ratio in ITER like DT plasmas has been performed. A Python code was developed for the purpose of calculating detection efficiency and energy resolution as a function of several spectrometer geometrical parameters. An optimisation of detection efficiency for selected values of resolution was performed regarding the geometrical spectrometer parameters foil thickness, distance from a foil to the first detector and distance between the two detectors using a multi-objective optimisation, a.k.a Pareto plot analysis. Moreover, the influence of detector segmentation on spectrometer energy resolution and efficiency was investigated. The code also produced response functions for the two selected spectrometer configurations. The SPEC code was used to simulate the spectrometer's performance in determining the fuel ion temperature and fuel ion density ratio n_t/n_d. The results presented include the selected spectrometer configuration with calculated energy resolution and efficiency. For a selected spectrometer resolution of 5% a maximum efficiency of around 0.003% was achieved. Moreover, the detector segmentation allows for a 20% increase in spectrometer efficiency for an energy resolution of 4.3%. The ITER requirements for a 20% accuracy on the n_t/n_d ratio determination and 10% on the temperature determination within a 100ms sampling window can be achieved using a combination of several TPR's of same type, in order to boost efficiency.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Transmission through a many-channel random waveguide with absorption
Creators: name: Brouwer, P. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the statistical distribution of the transmittance of a random waveguide with absorption in the limit of many propagating channels. We consider the average and fluctuations of the conductance T = tr t^{\dagger} t, where t is the transmission matrix, the density of transmission eigenvalues τ(the eigenvalues of t^{\dagger} t), and the distribution of the plane-wave transmittances T_a and T_{ab}. For weak absorption (length L smaller than the exponential absorption length ξ_a), we compute moments of the distributions, while for strong absorption (L >> ξ_a), we can find the complete distributions. Our findings explain recent experiments on the transmittance of random waveguides by Stoytchev and Genack [Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 309 (1997)].
description: 13 pages, RevTeX; 9 figures included
Evolution of spiral shocks in U Gem during outburst
Creators: name: Groot, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time resolved spectroscopic observations of U Gem during its March 2000 outburst show strong spiral shocks in the accretion disk. During the plateau at maximum brightness the spiral shocks contribute 14% to the total He II flux. The two arms of the spiral show a distinctly different evolution during the outburst and decline, which indicates an asymmetric evolution in the disk.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, submitted to ApJ Letters
Range dependence of interlayer exchange coupling
Creators: name: Levy, Peter M.
name: Maekawa, Sadamichi
name: Bruno, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have considered the effects of non magnetic impurities and interface roughness on the interlayer coupling between magnetic layers in metallic multilayers. The two types of defects alter the interlayer coupling in quite different ways. Elastic electron scattering by impurities in the non magnetic spacer layers between magnetic layers produces an exponential decay of the coupling with a characteristic decay length that is considerably longer than the ``global'' transport mean free path for the spacer layer with its surrounding interfaces. Interfacial roughness leads to an attenuation of the coupling that is related to the width of the roughness in relation to the Fermi wavelength; roughness does not alter the range dependence of the coupling. For certain types of electrical transport, e.g., for current perpendicular to the plane of the layers, the scattering from interface roughness and impurities in the spacer layers contribute on an equal footing to the exponential decay of the electron propagators, i.e., global mean free path. We show that interface roughness and impurities in the spacer layer affect the interlayer coupling differently.
description: RevTeX, 6 pages, no figures
Classical analogous of quantum cosmological perfect fluid models
Creators: name: Batista, A. B.
name: Fabris, J. C.
name: Goncalves, S. V. B.
name: Tossa, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantization in the mini-superspace of a gravity system coupled to a perfect fluid, leads to a solvable model which implies singularity free solutions through the construction of a superposition of the wavefunctions. We show that such models are equivalent to a classical system where, besides the perfect fluid, a repulsive fluid with an equation of state $p_Q = ρ_Q$ is present. This leads to speculate on the true nature of this quantization procedure. A perturbative analysis of the classical system reveals the condition for the stability of the classical system in terms of the existence of an anti-gravity phase.
description: Latex file, 10 pages, 3 figures
Central extensions of free periodic groups
Creators: name: Adian, Srgei I.
name: Atabekyan, Varujan S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is proved that any countable abelian group $D$ can be embedded as a centre into a $m$-generated group $A$ such that the quotient group $A/D$ is isomorphic to the free Burnside group $B(m,n)$ of rank $m>1$ and of odd period $n\ge665$. The proof is based on some modification of the method which was used by S.I.Adian in his monograph in 1975 for a positive solution of Kontorovich's famous problem from Kourovka Notebook on the existence of a finitely generated non-commutative analogue of the additive group of rational numbers. More precisely, he proved that the desired analogues in which the intersection of any two non-trivial subgroups is infinite, can be constructed as a central extension of the free Burnside group $ B (m, n) $, where $ m> 1 $, and $ n \ge665 $ is an odd number, using as its center the infinite cyclic group. The paper also discusses other applications of the proposed generalization of Adian's technique. In particular, we describe the free groups of the variety defined by the identity $[x^n,y]=1$ and the Schur multipliers of the free Burnside groups $B(m,n)$ for any odd $n\ge665$.
Additional file 1: of Beyond cost-effectiveness, morbidity and mortality: a comprehensive evaluation of priority setting for HIV programming in Uganda
Creators: name: Kapiriri, Lydia
name: Na-Mee Lee
name: Wallace, Lauren
name: Kwesiga, Brendan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Interview Guide. Interview Guide for HIV Policy Makers. (DOC 40 kb)
Magnetoplasmons in quantum rings
Creators: name: Emperador, A.
name: Barranco, M.
name: Lipparini, E.
name: Pi, M.
name: Serra, Ll.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the structure and dipole charge density response of nanorings as a function of the magnetic field using local-spin density functional theory. Two small rings consisting of 12 and 22 electrons confined by a positively charged background are used to represent the cases of a narrow and a wide ring. The results are qualitatively compared with experimental data existing on microrings and on antidots. A smaller ring containing 5 electrons is also analyzed to allow for a closer comparison with a recent experiment on a two electron quantum ring.
description: Typeset using Revtex, 13 pages and 11 Postscript figures
A Non-Hermitean Particle in a Disordered World
Creators: name: Zee, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been much recent work on the spectrum of the random non-hermitean Hamiltonian which models the physics of vortex line pinning in superconductors. This note is loosely based on the talk I gave at the conference "New Directions in Statistical Physics" held in Taipei, August 1997. We describe here new results in spatial dimensions higher than one. We also give an expression for the spectrum within the WKB approximation.
description: latex file, 23 pages, 7 .ps figures
Additional file 1: of Two-stage estimation to adjust for treatment switching in randomised trials: a simulation study investigating the use of inverse probability weighting instead of re-censoring
Creators: name: N. Latimer
name: K. Abrams
name: U. Siebert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Appendix A: Simulation study code. Appendix B: Simulation analysis ado code for ‘itt’ and ‘tswnew’. Appendix C: Treatment switching probabilities. Appendix D: Scenario parameter values. Appendix E: Scenario settings. Appendix F: Overview of simulation scenarios.Appendix G: Percentage bias across all scenarios. Appendix H: Empirical standard error of percentage bias across all scenarios.Appendix I: Root mean squared error of percentage bias across all scenarios. Appendix J: TSEipcw with stabilised and unstabilised weights. Appendix K: Percentage bias, empirical standard error and root mean squared error when simulations with high maximum weights are excluded (DOCX 196 kb)
Interpretation of experimental evidence of the topological Hall effect
Creators: name: Gerber, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological Hall effect in magnetic materials is considered the ultimate trademark of the skyrmion phase. The phenomenon is identified by distinct non-monotonic features in the Hall effect signal presumed to be the evidence of the topological origin. It is demonstrated here that similar features, unrelated to the skyrmion physics, arise in heterogeneous ferromagnets when components of the material exhibit the extraordinary Hall effect with opposite polarities. Relevance of this mechanism to the published data is discussed.
The ages and colours of cool helium-core white dwarf stars
Creators: name: Serenelli, A. M.
name: Althaus, L. G.
name: Rohrmann, R. D.
name: Benvenuto, O. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this work is to explore the evolution of helium-core white dwarf stars in a self-consistent way with the predictions of detailed non-gray model atmospheres and element diffusion. To this end, we consider helium-core white dwarf models with stellar masses of 0.406, 0.360, 0.327, 0.292, 0.242, 0.196 and 0.169 solar masses and follow their evolution from the end of mass loss episodes during their pre-white dwarf evolution down to very low surface luminosities. We find that when the effective temperature decreases below 4000K, the emergent spectrum of these stars becomes bluer within time-scales of astrophysical interest. In particular, we analyse the evolution of our models in the colour-colour and colour-magnitude diagrams and we find that helium-core white dwarfs with masses ranging from approx. 0.18 to 0.3 solar masses can reach the turn-off in their colours and become blue again within cooling times much less than 15 Gyr and then remain brighter than M_V approx. 16.5. In view of these results, many low-mass helium white dwarfs could have had time enough to evolve to the domain of collision-induced absorption from molecular hydrogen, showing blue colours.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1: of Progress towards universal HIV testing among TB patients in Viet Nam: a retrospective cohort evaluation of TB/HIV surveillance, 2011â 2017
Creators: name: Nguyen Hoa
name: Nguyen Nhung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Multilingual abstracts in the five official working languages of the United Nations. (PDF 338 kb)
Measurement of the Probability Distribution of Total Transmission in Random Waveguides
Creators: name: Stoytchev, M.
name: Genack, A. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements have been made of the probability distribution of total transmission of microwave radiation in waveguides filled with randomly positioned scatterers which would have values of the dimensionless conductance g near unity. The distributions are markedly non-Gaussian and have exponential tails. The measured distributions are accurately described by diagrammatic and random matrix calculations carried out for nonabsorbing samples in the limit g >> 1 when g is expressed in terms of the variance of the distribution, which equals the degree of long-range intensity correlation across the output face of the sample.
description: 5 pages, 5 post script figures, RevTex
Construction Cost Estimation for Government Building Using Artificial Neural Network Technique
Creators: name: Sitthikorn Sitthikankun, Damrongsak Rinchumphu
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cost prediction factor
Building cost estimation
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Machine Learning
Bidding process
Detailed estimation
Construction management.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 12, 6, 12A6G: 1-12
Transfer Meets Hybrid: A Synthetic Approach for Cross-Domain Collaborative Filtering with Text
Creators: name: Hu, Guangneng
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Yang, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Collaborative filtering (CF) is the key technique for recommender systems (RSs). CF exploits user-item behavior interactions (e.g., clicks) only and hence suffers from the data sparsity issue. One research thread is to integrate auxiliary information such as product reviews and news titles, leading to hybrid filtering methods. Another thread is to transfer knowledge from other source domains such as improving the movie recommendation with the knowledge from the book domain, leading to transfer learning methods. In real-world life, no single service can satisfy a user's all information needs. Thus it motivates us to exploit both auxiliary and source information for RSs in this paper. We propose a novel neural model to smoothly enable Transfer Meeting Hybrid (TMH) methods for cross-domain recommendation with unstructured text in an end-to-end manner. TMH attentively extracts useful content from unstructured text via a memory module and selectively transfers knowledge from a source domain via a transfer network. On two real-world datasets, TMH shows better performance in terms of three ranking metrics by comparing with various baselines. We conduct thorough analyses to understand how the text content and transferred knowledge help the proposed model.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, a full version for the WWW 2019 short paper
Comment on ``Periodic wave functions and number of extended states in random dimer systems'
Creators: name: Hilke, M.
name: Flores, J. C.
name: Dominguez-Adame, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are no periodic wave-functions in the RDM but close to the critical energies there exist periodic envelopes. These envelopes are given by the non-disordered properties of the system.
description: RevTex file, 1 page, Comment X. Huang, X. Wu and C. Gong, Phys. Rev. B 55, 11018 (1997)
Machine Learning as a Strategic Tool: A Comprehensive Literature Review for Advancing Agricultural Analysis, with Emphasis on the Cocoa Bean Quality Assessment
Creators: name: Andrey M. Omas-as, Jewelle Abbygale M. Daang, Edwin R. Arboleda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: As precision agriculture develops prominence for sustainable cacao production in the face of global challenges the role of machine learning (ML) as an essential tool in automating and optimizing cacao bean quality assessment becomes significant. The paper provides an in-depth review and comparative analysis of ML applications in cocoa bean quality assessment, incorporating insights from 20 relevant publications. Methodologies spanning from conventional algorithms to deep learning (DL) models and hybrid approaches are thoroughly studied. The discussion contextualizes these findings within the environment of cocoa bean quality assessment, comparing them to existing literature and addressing the implications and limitations of ML in this domain. Addressing unexpected or contradictory outcomes provides deep insights into the different aspects of ML for cocoa bean studies. This study contributes to a more detailed knowledge of the strengths and limitations of various ML techniques in cocoa bean quality assessment, which will guide future research for successful and sustainable cocoa production.
Stable structural phase of potassium-doped p-terphenyl and its semiconducting state
Creators: name: Yan, Xun-Wang
name: Huang, Zhongbing
name: Gao, Miao
name: Zhang, Chunfang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The potassium-doped p-terphenyl compounds were synthesized in recent experiments and the superconductivity with high transition temperatures were reported, but the atomic structure of potassium-doped p-terphenyl is unclear. In this paper, we studied the structural and electronic properties of potassium-doped p-terphenyl with various doping levels by the first-principles simulation. We first find out the low energy position of K atom in intralayer interstitial space of the molecular layer, then examine whether two rows of K atoms can be accommodated in this one space, at last the effect of the interlayer arrangement between adjacent two molecular layers on total energy is taken into account. Our results show that the doped K atoms prefer to stay at the bridge site of single C-C bond connected two phenyls instead of locating at the site above the phenyl ring, distinct from the situation of K-doped picene and phenanthrene. Among the possible structural phases of Kx-p-terphenyl, the K2-p-terphenyl phase with P212121 group symmetry is determined to be most appropriate, which is different from the one in recent report. The stable K 2 -p-terphenyl phase is semiconducting with an energy gap of 0.3 eV and the bands from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals are just fully filled by the electrons transferred from K atoms.
Russian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Digital Potential: Essential Characteristics and Assessment
Creators: name: Valeria Deryzemlya, Anna Ter-Grigoryants
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Business digitalization
Economic potential
Digital development
SME
Business digital transition
Russia SME
EU SME.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 12, 6, 12A6H: 1-11
Satellite-based Educational Leadership Architecture: A Vector for Improving the Performance of Grouped Training Centers
Creators: name: Mohamed El-Wafiq, Malika Tridane
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: CRMEF
Architecture of educational leadership
Practices of educational leadership
Physical architecture of educational leadership
Logical architecture of educational leadership
Training institution headmaster
Teachers
Educational leadership practice.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 12, 6, 12A6I: 1-11
Understanding Customer Loyalty of M-Commerce Applications in Saudi Arabia
Creators: name: Alotaibi, Raed Shujaa
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: M-commerce app
Service Quality
E-RecS-QUAL
E-S-QUAL
SEM
M-commerce privacy
M-commerce contact
M-commerce loyalty
M-commerce compensation
M-commerce responsiveness
eCommerce
Saudi Arabia m-commerce
Fulfillment
eLoyalty.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 12, 6, 12A6J: 1-13
Wild and Cultivated Grasses of Poaceae as Parts of a Trophic Complex of Secondary Host Plants Rhopalosiphum padi (L) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)
Creators: name: Gandrabur, Elena Sergeevna
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cultivars of Poaceae
Aphid
Cereal grasses
Emigrants
Alate and apterous viviparae
Grass development parameters
Grass development ranking
Grass growing suitability.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 12, 6, 12A6K: 1-11
Kinematics of Molecular Gas in the Nucleus of NGC1068, from H2 line emission observed with VLT
Creators: name: Alloin, D.
name: Galliano, E.
name: Cuby, J. G.
name: Marco, O.
name: Rouan, D.
name: Clenet, Y.
name: Granato, G. L.
name: Franceschini, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results about the distribution and kinematics of the molecular environment of the AGN in NGC1068, over a 1.5'' x 3.5'' region around the central engine in NGC1068, derived from H2 line emission detected with ISAAC at VLT/ANTU on ESO/Paranal. The H2 emitting molecular gas is found to be distributed along the East-West direction and with two main peak emission (knots) located at a distance of about 70 pc from the central engine. The eastern H2 knot is more intense than the western one. The line profiles mapped across the entire 1.5'' x 3.5'' region, at a spatial resolution of 0.3'' x 0.45'', appear to be quite complex with either a blue or red wing. At first order, we find a velocity difference of 140 km/s between the two knots; if interpreted as quasi-keplerian velocity, this implies a central enclosed mass of 10^8 solar masses.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted A&A Letter
Grand challenges in social physics: In pursuit of moral behavior
Creators: name: Capraro, Valerio
name: Perc, Matjaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Methods of statistical physics have proven valuable for studying the evolution of cooperation in social dilemma games. However, recent empirical research shows that cooperative behavior in social dilemmas is only one kind of a more general class of behavior, namely moral behavior, which includes reciprocity, respecting others' property, honesty, equity, efficiency, as well as many others. Inspired by these experimental works, we here open up the path towards studying other forms of moral behavior with methods of statistical physics. We argue that this is a far-reaching direction for future research that can help us answer fundamental questions about human sociality. Why did our societies evolve as they did? What moral principles are more likely to emerge? What happens when different moral principles clash? Can we predict the break out of moral conflicts in advance and contribute to their solution? These are amongst the most important questions of our time, and methods of statistical physics could lead to new insights and contribute towards finding answers.
description: 5 two-column pages; accepted for publication in Frontiers in Physics [related work available at arXiv:1705.07161]
The Interiors of Jupiter and Saturn
Creators: name: Helled, Ravit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Probing the interiors of the gas giant planets in our Solar System is not an easy task. It requires a set of accurate measurements combined with theoretical models that are used to infer the planetary composition and its depth dependence. The masses of Jupiter and Saturn are 317.83 and 95.16 Earth masses, respectively, and since a few decades, we know that they mostly consist of hydrogen and helium. It is the mass of heavy elements (all elements heavier than helium) that is not well determined, as well as their distribution within the planets. While the heavy elements are not the dominating materials in Jupiter and Saturn they are the key for our understanding of their formation and evolution histories. The planetary internal structure is inferred from theoretical models that fit the available observational constraints by using theoretical equations of states (EOSs) for hydrogen, helium, their mixtures, and heavier elements (typically rocks and/or ices). However, there is no unique solution for the planetary structure and the results depend on the used EOSs and the model assumptions imposed by the modeler. Major model assumptions that can affect the derived internal structure include the number of layers, the heat transport mechanism within the planet (and its entropy), the nature of the core (compact vs. diluted), and the location (pressure) of separation between the two envelopes. Alternative structure models assume a less distinct division between the layers and/or a non-homogenous distribution of the heavy elements. Today, with accurate measurements of the gravitational fields of Jupiter and Saturn from the Juno and Cassini missions, structure models can be further constrained. At the same time, these measurements introduce new challenges for planetary modellers.
description: Invited review. Accepted for publication in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Oxford University Press
A high-speed, wavelength invariant, single-pixel wavefront sensor with a digital micromirror device
Creators: name: Cox, Mitchell A.
name: Toninelli, Ermes
name: Cheng, Ling
name: Padgett, Miles
name: Forbes, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The wavefront measurement of a light beam is a complex task, which often requires a series of spatially resolved intensity measurements. For instance, a detector array may be used to measure the local phase gradient in the transverse plane of the unknown laser beam. In most cases the resolution of the reconstructed wavefront is determined by the resolution of the detector, which in the infrared case is severely limited. Here we employ a Digital Micro-mirror Device (DMD) and a single-pixel detector (i.e. with no spatial resolution) to demonstrate the reconstruction of unknown wavefronts with excellent resolution. Our approach exploits modal decomposition of the incoming field by the DMD, enabling wavefront measurements at 4~kHz of both visible and infrared laser beams.
Additional file 1 of Prevalence and clinical outcomes of Plasmodium falciparum and intestinal parasitic infections among children in Kiryandongo refugee camp, mid-Western Uganda: a cross sectional study
Creators: name: Oboth, Paul
name: Yahaya Gavamukulya
name: Banson Barugahare
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The developed data collection form which contains questionnaire and the associated data collection criterion used in the study. (DOCX 17 kb)
Additional file 1: of Type IV collagen turnover is predictive of mortality in COPD: a comparison to fibrinogen in a prospective analysis of the ECLIPSE cohort
Creators: name: Rønnow, Sarah
name: Sand, Jannie
name: Langholm, Lasse
name: Manon-Jensen, Tina
name: Karsdal, Morten
name: Tal-Singer, Ruth
name: Miller, Bruce
name: Vestbo, Jørgen
name: Leeming, Diana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Developmental Biology
Science Policy

description: Table S1. Ethics and review boards. (PDF 169 kb)
Creation of gap solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Zobay, O.
name: Wright, E. M.
name: Meystre, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a method to launch gap soliton-like structures in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates confined in optical traps. Bright vector solitons consisting of a superposition of two hyperfine Zeeman sublevels can be created for both attractive and repulsive interactions between the atoms. Their formation relies on the dynamics of the atomic internal ground states in two far-off resonant counterpropagating sigma^+ sigma^- polarized laser beams which form the optical trap. Numerical simulations show that these solitons can be prepared from a one-component state provided with an initial velocity.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Renormalization group analysis of the hyperbolic sine-Gordon model -- Asymptotic freedom from cosh interaction --
Creators: name: Yanagisawa, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a renormalization group analysis for the hyperbolic sine-Gordon (sinh-Gordon) model in two dimensions. We derive the renormalization group equations based on the dimensional regularization method and the Wilson method. The same equations are obtained using both these methods. We have two parameters $α$ and $β\equiv \sqrt{t}$ where $α$ indicates the strength of interaction of a real salar field and $t=β^2$ is related with the normalization of the action. We show that $α$ is renormalized to zero in the high-energy region, that is, the sinh-Gordon theory is an asymptotically free theory. We also show a non-renormalization property that the beta function of $t$ vanishes in two dimensions.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
The Resilience of Hermite- and Laguerre-Gaussian Modes in Turbulence
Creators: name: Cox, Mitchell A.
name: Maqondo, Luthando
name: Kara, Ravin
name: Milione, Giovanni
name: Cheng, Ling
name: Forbes, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vast geographical distances in Africa are a leading cause for the so-called "digital divide" due to the high cost of installing fibre. Free-Space Optical (FSO) communications offer a convenient and higher bandwidth alternative to point-to-point radio microwave links, with the possibility of re-purposing existing infrastructure. Unfortunately, the range of high bandwidth FSO remains limited. While there has been extensive research into an optimal mode set for FSO to achieve maximum data throughput by mode division multiplexing, there has been relatively little work investigating optical modes to improve the resilience of FSO links. Here we experimentally show that a carefully chosen subset of Hermite-Gaussian modes is more resilient to atmospheric turbulence than similar Laguerre-Gauss beams, theoretically resulting in a 167% theoretical increase of propagation distance at a mode dependent loss of 50%.
The singlet-triplet magnetism and induced spin fluctuations in the high-$T_c$ copper oxides
Creators: name: Moskvin, A. S.
name: Ovchinnikov, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-$T_c$ cuprates like $La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4}$ and $YBa_{2-x}Cu_{3}O_{6+x}$ are considered as a system of the electron and hole polar pseudo-Jahn-Teller $CuO_{4}$ centers $[{CuO}_{4}^{7-}]_{JT}$ and $[CuO_{4}^{5-}]_{JT}$, respectively, or a system of the local bosons moving in a lattice of the hole centers. Ground manifold of the polar centers includes three terms $^{1}A_{1g}$ (Zhang-Rice singlet), $^{1}E_{u}$, $^{3}E_{u}$ with different spin multiplicity, orbital degeneracy and parity that provides an unconventional multi-mode behaviour of the cuprates. The spin subsystem of the copper oxides within the polar Jahn-Teller $CuO_{4}$ centers model is a two-component spin liquid and corresponds to a singlet-triplet magnet with possible noncollinear spin configurations. In the framework of a modified mean field approximation some kinds of spin ordering are discussed including as a trivial singlet or triplet states as a pure quantum singlet-triplet mixed state. A local boson movement is accompanied by a modulation of the spin density on the site resulting in the so called induced spin fluctuations. Some unconventional features of the induced spin fluctuations are considered including an appearance of the induced longitudinal ferrimagnetism with an appropriate contribution to the spin susceptibility, a possibility to observe and examine the charge fluctuations with the help of the traditional magnetic methods such as the magnetic inelastic neutron scattering and the spin lattice relaxation experiments. The suggested model, in comparison with the nearly antiferromagnetic Fermi-liquid model, represents new approach to the description of the spin system of the high-$T_c$ cuprates.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures, (LaTeX)
Quantum Entanglement and the Maximum Entropy States from the Jaynes Principle
Creators: name: Rajagopal, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Jaynes principle is indeed a proper inference scheme when applied to compound systems and will correctly produce the entangled maximum entropy states compatible with appropriate data. This is accomplished by including the dispersion of the entanglement along with its mean value as constraints and an application of the uncertainty principle. We also construct a "thermodynamic-like" description of the entanglement arising out of the maximum entropy principle.
description: 5 pages
Viscoelastic effects on asymmetric two-dimensional vortex patterns in a strongly coupled dusty plasma
Creators: name: Gupta, Akanksha
name: Mukherjee, Rupak
name: Ganesh, Rajaraman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly coupled dusty plasma medium is often described as a viscoelastic fluid that retains its memory. In a flowing dusty plasma medium, vortices of different sizes appear when the flow does not remain laminar. The vortices also merge to transfer energy between different scales. In the present work, we study the effect of viscoelasticity and compressibility over a localized vortex structure and multiple rotational vortexes in a strongly coupled viscoelastic dusty plasma medium. In case of single rotating vortex flow, a transverse wave is generated from the localized vortex source and the evolution time of generated waves is found to be reduced due to finite viscoelasticity and compressibility of the medium. It is found that the viscoelasticity suppresses the dispersion of vorticity. In the presence of multiple vortices, we find, the vortex mergers get highly affected in the presence of memory effect of the fluid, and thus the dynamics of the medium gets completely altered compared to a non-viscoelastic fluid. For a compressible fluid, viscoelasticity damps out the energy in the sonic waves generated in the medium. Thus a highly viscoelastic and compressible fluid, in some cases, behaves similarly to an incompressible viscoelastic fluid. The wave-front like rings propagate in elliptical orbits keeping the footprint of the earlier position of the point-vortex. The rings collide with each other even within the patch vortex region forming regions of high vorticity at the point of intersection and pass through each other.
Bounds on Compactness for LMXB Neutron Stars from X-ray Burst Oscillations
Creators: name: Nath, Nitya
name: Strohmayer, Tod E.
name: Swank, Jean H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have modelled X-ray burst oscillations observed with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) from two low mass X-ray binaries (LMXB): 4U 1636-53 with a frequency of 580 Hz, and 4U 1728-34 at a frequency of 363 Hz. We have computed least squares fits to the oscillations observed during the rising phase of bursts using a model which includes emission from either a single circular hot spot or a pair of circular antipodal hot spots on the surface of a neutron star. We model the spreading of the thermonuclear hot spots by assuming that the hot spot angular size grows linearly with time. We calculate the flux as a function of rotational phase from the hot spots and take into account photon deflection in the relativistic gravitational field of the neutron star assuming the exterior spacetime is the Schwarzschild metric. We find acceptable fits with our model and we use these to place constraints on the compactness of the neutron stars in these sources. For 4U 1636-53, in which detection of a 290 Hz sub-harmonic supports the two spot model, we find that the compactness (i.e., mass/radius ratio) is constrained to be M/R < 0.163 at 90% confidence (G = c = 1). This requires a relatively stiff equation of state (EOS) for the stellar interior. For example, if the neutron star has a mass of 1.4 Msun then its radius must be > 12.8 km. Fits using a single hot spot model are not as highly constraining. We discuss the implications of our findings for recent efforts to calculate the EOS of dense nucleon matter and the structure of neutron stars.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures, AASTeX. Revised and expanded version. Resubmitted to Astrophysical Journal
Anisotropy dissipation in brane-world inflation
Creators: name: Maartens, Roy
name: Sahni, Varun
name: Saini, Tarun Deep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the behavior of an anisotropic brane-world in the presence of inflationary scalar fields. We show that, contrary to naive expectations, a large anisotropy does not adversely affect inflation. On the contrary, a large initial anisotropy introduces more damping into the scalar field equation of motion, resulting in greater inflation. The rapid decay of anisotropy in the brane-world significantly increases the class of initial conditions from which the observed universe could have originated. This generalizes a similar result in general relativity. A unique feature of Bianchi I brane-world cosmology appears to be that for scalar fields with a large kinetic term the initial expansion of the universe is quasi-isotropic. The universe grows more anisotropic during an intermediate transient regime until anisotropy finally disappears during inflationary expansion.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures; minor typo corrected in Eq. (16); matches version to appear in Phy Rev D
A numerical study of multi-soliton configurations in a doped antiferromagnetic Mott insulator
Creators: name: Berciu, Mona
name: John, Sajeev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate from first principles the self-consistent Hartree-Fock energies for multi-soliton configurations in a doped, spin-1/2, antiferromagnetic Mott insulator on a two-dimensional square lattice. We find that nearest-neighbor Coulomb repulsion stabilizes a regime of charged meron-antimeron vortex soliton pairs over a region of doping from 0.05 to 0.4 holes per site for intermediate coupling 3 < U/t <8. This stabilization is mediated through the generation of ``spin-flux'' in the mean-field antiferromagnetic (AFM) background. Holes cloaked by a meron-vortex in the spin-flux AFM background are charged bosons. Our static Hartree-Fock calculations provide an upper bound on the energy of a finite density of charged vortices. This upper bound is lower than the energy of the corresponding charged stripe configurations. A finite density of charge carrying vortices is shown to produce a large number of unoccupied electronic levels in the Mott-Hubbard charge transfer gap. These levels lead to significant band tailing and a broad mid-infrared band in the optical absorption spectrum as observed experimentally. At very low doping (below 0.05) the doping charges create extremely tightly bound meron-antimeron pairs or even isolated conventional spin-polarons, whereas for very high doping (above 0.4) the spin background itself becomes unstable to formation of a conventional Fermi liquid and the spin-flux mean-field is energetically unfavorable. Our results point to the predominance of a quantum liquid of charged, bosonic, vortex solitons at intermediate coupling and intermediate doping concentrations.
description: 12 pages, 25 figures; added references, modified/eliminated some figures
Sustaining Open Infrastructure Communities: Evaluating Fiscal and Administrative Service Options
Creators: name: Greer Klein, Heather
name: Metz, Rosalyn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: sustainability
open infrastructure
fiscal sponsorship
Samvera

description: This presentation reviews the critical role of fiscal sustainability in open infrastructure communities; common models for this relationship; and the process Samvera used to evaluate fiscal and administrative needs against the options available in the open market.