Phlebodes duplex Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Phlebodes
Phlebodes duplex

description: Phlebodes duplex Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ 0AEAD528-03AB-4BD0-B8C1-D78CD4EFCB98  
(Fig. 6 part, 165–166, 394–395)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal that specimens from Guatemala identified as Phlebodes campo (E. Bell, 1947) (type locality Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, holotype sequenced as NVG-18025F03) show prominent genetic differentiation from it (Fig. 6): e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 4% (26 bp), and therefore represent a new species. This new species keys to Phlebodes campo campo (L.2.3(b)) in Evans (1955) but differs from its relatives by having a doublet of (merged) pale spots (rather than one spot or a large cream-colored area) in the forewing cell CuA 2 -1A+2A beneath and yellow framing of veins less developed than in Phlebodes sifax. Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly1139.40.3:T144A, aly 2659.10.1:A136G, aly 2659.10.1:C137A, aly 2659.10.1:G139A, aly 2659.10.1:A140G, and COI barcode: T91T, T106C, C529C, A532A, T619T.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-19024B10, GenBank OR837697, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATACTTTATTTTCGGAATTTGAGCAGGAATATTAGGAACATCTTTAAGACTACTAATTCGTACAGAATTAGGAAATCCAGGATCTTTAATT GGAGATGACCAAATTTATAACACTATTGTAACAGCTCATGCATTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTTCCTTTAATATTAGGAGCTCCTGATATAGCTTTCCCTCGTATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGAATACTTCCCCCTTCTTTAATATTACTAAT CTCAAGAAGAATCGTAGAAAATGGAGCAGGAACTGGTTGAACTGTTTATCCCCCCCTTTCCTCTAATATCGCCCATCAAGGATCTTCTGTTGATTTA GCAATTTTTTCTCTTCACTTAGCAGGTATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAGAAATTTATCAT TCGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGATCAGTAGGTATTACAGCCTTATTATTACTTTTATCTTTACCTGTATTAGCTGGAGCTATTACTATACTTTT AACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACTTCATTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGTGGAGGAGATCCAATTCTCTATCAACATTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 165–166, bears the following six rectangular labels, five white: [Cayuga | Guat], [Sept.], [Schaus and | Barnes | coll], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-19024B10 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01532907], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Phlebodes | duplex Grishin]. Paratype: 1♂ NVG-21048C01 Guatemala: Peten, Parque Nacional Tikal, 31-May-1992, N. M. Haddad leg., genitalia GTA-3240 [MGCL].   
 Type locality. Guatemala: Cayuga.   
 Etymology. In Latin, duplex means twofold, double, dual, both, thick, or strong. The name is given for the double (diffuse) spot in the ventral forewing cell CuA 2 -1A+2A and is a noun in apposition.   
 Distribution. Currently known only from Guatemala.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on pages 67-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362