Eusarcus incus Soares & Soares
Creators: name: Hara, Marcos Ryotaro
name: Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Opiliones
Gonyleptidae
Eusarcus
Eusarcus incus

description: Eusarcus incus Soares & Soares   
(Figs. 21, 42A,B, 50A)  
 Eusarcus incus Soares & Soares 1946a: 201, figs. 4, 5; 1954b: 260 (cat); Kury 2003a: 169 (cat); (ma holotype & 1 fe paratype; “Refúgio Sooretama, Linhares, Espírito Santo; Schubart leg.; 14.x.1944; MZSP 24763”; examined), (1 fe paratype; “Lagoa do Macuco, São Mateus, Espírito Santo; col. Otto Schubart n o 241”; lost), (1 fe paratype; “Linhares, Espírito Santo; Schubart leg.; x.1944; MZSP 1727; examined).   
 Material examined: BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Linhares (Refúgio Sooretama), Schubart leg., 14.x.1944, ma holotype & 1 fe paratype (MZSP 24763). Bahia: Ilhéus (Parataquicé), without name of collector and date, 2 ma & 2 fe (originally in MNRJ 5244). Espírito Santo: Colatina, M. Rosa leg., without date, 1 beta male (MNRJ 5118); idem (Rio São José); Soares leg., 1942, 1 ma (MZSP 552); Linhares, Schubart leg., x.1944, 1 fe paratype (MZSP 1727); idem (Chapadão do Cupido), J. & O. Schubart leg., 3.x.1944, 1 fe (MZSP 24764); idem (Fazenda Goitacazes), M. Rosa leg., without date, 6 ma & 2 fe (MNRJ 38208); idem (Reserva Florestal de Linhares), M.M. Argel de Oliveira leg., vii.1992, 3 ma, 1 fe & 2 im (MZSP 14036); São Mateus (Lagoa do Macuco), Schubart leg., 6.x.1944, 1 ma (MZSP 1727); idem (Reserva Florestal Vale do Rio Doce), without name of collector, vii.1997, 1 ma (IBSP 3156); idem, G. Machado & A.J. Santos leg., vii.1989, 1 ma (IBSP 3300).   
 Diagnosis: E. incus resembles E. pusillus, E. nigrimaculatus, E. acrophthalmus, E. alpinus, E. didactylus and E. geometricus because of the cylindrical prolateral median process on male trochanter IV and because of generally large body size, and can be distinguished by: The high ocularium with 2 large tubercles; without projections on the retrolateral margin of prolateral apical apophysis of coxa IV and the shape of cylindrical prolateral median process of male trochanter IV: Distally anvil-shaped, i.e. prolateral and retrolateral edges of apex have a pointed projection. Unlike in E. alpinus +, the penis of E. incus has a short ventral process of the glans.   
 Redescription: Male (MNRJ 38208): Dorsum (Fig. 21A,B): Measurements: SL 3.50; SMW 3.20; femur I 1.65; II 3.30; III 2.40; IV 3.00. Median paracheliceral projection smaller than PAM. Anterior margin with 0–2 large tubercles. Ocularium far from anterior scutal margin; high, with 2 large tubercles and 20 small ones. Carapace with 14 tubercles distributed mainly behind ocularium. Scutal area I with 20–22 scattered tubercles on each side; II with 43; III with 48 and a median spine curved backwards, reaching groove V; IV with 38 tubercles. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites I–III with a row of 16, 14, 16, 12 tubercles, respectively. Anal operculum with 31 tubercles.   
Venter: Coxa I with 27–29 tubercles, median and distal ones largest; II–III with 43–45, 33–44, respectively, distal ones largest; IV irregularly tuberculate.  
Chelicera: Segment I with 1 tubercle.  
Pedipalpus: Trochanter dorsally inflated, with 1–2 tubercles; ventrally with 1 large pointed prolateral tubercle and 3 small retrolateral ones. Femur dorsally with 4 large irregular tubercles, and 3–4 small subapical ones; ventrally with 1 large pointed basal tubercle and 2 small scattered ones. Tibial setation: Prolateral and retrolateral IIi. Tarsal setation: Prolateral IIi, retrolateral IiIi.  
Legs (Fig. 21C–I): Coxa IV densely tuberculate, with 1 oblique prolateral apical apophysis, this conical, long, blunt, distal portion curved posteriad and ventrad, slightly swollen in the middle. Trochanters I–IV with scattered tubercles; I with 1 large ventro-basal tubercle; IV prolaterally with 1 cylindrical and flattened median process, this distally with anvil-shaped projections, basally with 1 large tubercle; 2 large apical tubercles; retrolaterally with 1 median, 1 subapical, 2 large apical tubercles. Femur I with small PDS, RDS; II with reduced PDS, small RDS; III sinuous, with small PDS, medium RDS; ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles, prolateral one increasing in size distally; IV sinuous, with medium PDS, RDS; ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles, prolateral ones enlarged, increasing in size in distal third, 1 prolateral apical spine. Tibia III ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles slightly increasing in size subapically, prolateral ones enlarged; IV ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles, prolateral ones slightly enlarged, increasing in size subapically, 1 prolateral apical spine. Tarsal segmentation: 6, 8, 6, 6.  
Penis (Fig. 42A,B): Stylus smooth, apex slightly swollen; with angular medio-ventral projection. Ventral process of glans short, almost straight; apex blunt, thin. Ventral plate with concave sides; with 3 pairs of long, curved distal setae; 1 pair of short, straight median setae; 3–4 pairs of straight basal setae.  
Coloration: Brown; dark brown on body edges and legs, trochanter IV and apophyses. Light brown on distal portions of metatarsi and tarsi. Black spine in scutal area III.  
 Female (paratype; MZSP 1727): Dorsum: Measurements: SL 3.65; SMW 3.20; femur I 1.60; II 3.20; III 2.40; IV 3.00. Median paracheliceral projection of similar-size as PAM. Carapace with 34 tubercles distributed mainly at the sides and behind ocularium. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites I–III with an irregular row of 31, 22, 20, 22 tubercles, respectively. Pedipalpus: Tibial setation: Prolateral Ii/Iii, retrolateral IIi. Tarsal setation: Prolateral IIi, retrolateral iiiIi/IiIi. Legs: Coxa II with 1 large retrolateral tubercle; IV densely and irregularly tuberculate, with 1 oblique prolateral apical apophysis, this conical, short, pointed, curved backwards. Trochanter IV with scattered tubercles, with 2–3 large prolateral apical tubercles; retrolaterally with 1 subasal and 1 large median tubercle, 1 apical apophysis, this conical, short, blunt. Femur I ventrally with 2 rows of slightly enlarged tubercles; III ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles, prolateral ones increasing in size distally, 1 small blunt prolateral apical spine; IV ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles, prolateral ones increasing in size distally, 1 small blunt prolateral apical spine. Tibia I ventrally with 2 rows of slightly enlarged tubercles; III with rows of similar-sized tubercles. Tarsal segmentation: 5, 8, 6, 6. Coloration: Brown; spine on scutal area III, patellae, tibiae, trochanters and femora IV black. Light brown on distal portions of metatarsi and tarsi.   
 Variation in males (n=7): Measurements: SL 3.30–4.10; SMW 3.10–4.00; femur I 1.60–2.20; II 3.10– 4.60; III 2.30–3.40; IV 2.90–4.20. Pedipalpus: Tibial setation: Prolateral IIi/iii, retrolateral IIi/iIi. Tarsal setation: Prolateral IIi/iIi/Iii. Femur I with reduced or small PDS, RDS; II with reduced or small PDS, small or medium RDS. Tarsal segmentation: 5–6, 6–9(1–3), 6, 6.   
 Variation in females (n=6): Measurements: SL 3.65–4.10; SMW 3.05–3.60; femur I 1.50–1.90; II 3.00– 3.90; III 2.30–3.10; IV 2.90–3.85. Pedipalpus: Tibial setation: Prolateral IiIi/IIi/Iii/iiiI/Ii, retrolateral IiIi/IIi/iIi/ Ii. Tarsal setation: Prolateral IIi/iIi/Iii, retrolateral iiiIi/IiIi.   
 Type locality: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares, Refúgio Sooretama.   
 Geographical distribution (Fig. 50A): Brazil. S Bahia and Espírito Santo.
description: Published as part of Hara, Marcos Ryotaro & Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo, 2010, Systematic review and cladistic analysis of the genus Eusarcus Perty 1833 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) 2698, pp. 1-136 in Zootaxa 2698 on pages 74-76