Gymnotus carapo subsp. orientalis Albert 2017, New Subspecies
Creators: name: Albert, James S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Gymnotiformes
Gymnotidae
Gymnotus
Gymnotus carapo
Gymnotus carapo orientalis

description: Gymnotus carapo orientalis New Subspecies
Figure 3 F, Tables 3 and 4
Holotype: MZUSP 30025 237 mm, Brazil Pará, Río Tocantins, Río Itacaiuna, Serra Norte, Serra dos Carajás (05°05’S, 050°22’W).
Paratypes: MZUSP 30025 (6), 165–235 mm, Brazil Pará, Río Tocantins, Río Itacaiuna, Serra Norte, Serra dos Carajás (05°05’S, 050°22’W).
Non-Types: MCZ 45189 (19), 133–210 mm, Brazil Pará, Parauapebas, Ilha de Marajó, Río Tocantins, Río Arari, Cachoeira do Arari (01°01’S, 048°58’W). MZUSP 30008 (8), 173–253 mm, Brazil Pará, Río Trombetas, Río Itacaiunas, Caldeirão, Igarapé do Pojuca (approx. 00°45’S, 056°13’W). MZUSP 30025 (7), 165–237 mm, Brazil, Pará, Río Tocantins, Río Itacaiuna, Serra Norte, Serra dos Carajás (05°05’S, 050°22’W).
Description: Specimens of G. carapo from the eastern Amazon overlap substantially in morphometric and meristic PC-space with specimens from other localities (Figures 4, 5, and 12). Gymnotus carapo orientalis is characterized by the following combination of statistically significant (p <0.01) traits when compared to the rest of the species as a whole (see Principal Components Analyses and t-tests): slender body (BD 67.9%–88.4% HL, mean 78.4% vs. 42.7%–106%, mean 85.0% in all other subspecies), slender head (HD 50.8%–60.9% HL, mean 55.2% vs. 44.0%–72.4%, mean 58.7% in all other subspecies), narrow head (HW 53.3%–64.4% HL, mean 56.3% vs. 49.1%–67.7%, mean 59.9% in all other subspecies) and short anal-fin length (AF 69.4%–86.6% TL, mean 75.9% vs. 70.9%–88.0%, mean 80.2% in all other subspecies).
Distribution: Known from the eastern Amazon basin in the Brazilian Pará state of Pará, in Amazon river near Belém and Santarém, and the Tocantins and Trombetas basins (Figure 2 B).
Etymology: Subspecific epithet derived from the Latin “ orientalis ” meaning “of the East”.
G. carapo G. carapo G. carapo G. carapo G. carapo G. carapo G. carapo
Character australis caatingaensis carapo madeirensis occidentalis orientalis septentrionalis
MLP 11222 AUM 20624 UMMZ 190414 MUSM 12949 UMMZ 230734 MZUSP 30025 UF 80734 Morphom.
341 225.0 260.0 227.0 210.0 237.0 220.0
45.0 27.1 31.5 25.9 27.8 31.7 26.0 % 13.2 12.0 12.1 11.4 13.2 13.4 11.8 % 34.4 37.6 36.1 37.8 33.1 35.0 34.3 % 41.1 43.9 42.8 39.0 36.0 43.7 35.5 % 56.9 65.7 61.9 60.6 61.2 60.9 63.7 % 37.6 37.6 41.7 39.8 36.0 35.6 38.4 % 88.9 84.5 96.9 90.0 86.3 74.1 93.2 % 67.1 64.2 68.8 64.1 61.2 54.3 70.3 /BD 82.7 76.0 71.0 71.2 70.8 73.2 75.4 % 57.8 58.3 61.8 57.1 57.9 52.1 62.9 % 66.2 61.3 63.0 59.5 61.9 53.3 61.3 % 28.7 33.2 32.0 37.9 34.5 36.5 38.8 % 63.6 83.8 88.0 74.9 82.7 89.0 80.0 % 40.0 46.9 12.7 43.4 40.3 44.2 45.2 % 82.7 75.6 86.0 74.9 81.0 79.3 81.8 Meristics
23 23 21 16 21 23 21
269 220 235 220 170 220 245 R 15 16 16 13 16 13 17
10 6 6 6 7 6 7
3 4 4 4 4 3 4
8 8 8 8 9 8 8
36 45 40 49 46 46 53
88 76 95 92 88 75 112
10 19 24 18 20 21 23
description: Published as part of Albert, James S., 2017, Revision of the polytypic electric fish Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei), with descriptions of seven subspecies, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 4318 (3) on pages 430-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4318.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/887692