Kiwi Khalaim & Ward 2019, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Khalaim, Andrey I.
name: Ward, Darren F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Kiwi

description: Genus Kiwi Khalaim & Ward, gen. nov.
Type species: Zealochus gauldi Khalaim, 2006.
Diagnosis. Small species with body length 1.7–3.5 mm and fore wing length 1.6–3.0 mm. Body more or less entirely granulate and impunctate; clypeus smooth, usually scabrous in upper part and sometimes with rare fine punctures in lower part; vertex, gena and upper part of mesopleuron sometimes smooth.
Head in profile hypognathous with occipital foramen more or less at the centre. Head in dorsal view with gena roundly tapered behind eyes. Clypeus transverse, lenticular, clearly separated from face by distinct groove, with lower margin convex or sometimes very slightly truncated medially. Mandibles slender, not twisted, with upper tooth slightly longer than the lower. Eyes in both sexes not enlarged; inner margins of eyes of male and female more or less parallel sided. Antennal insertion, in profile, approximately at centre of head. Flagellum filiform or very slightly clavate apically, with 13–18 flagellomeres. Occipital carina complete. Hypostomal carina absent.
Notaulus impressed on anterolateral side of mesoscutum, with strong longitudinal wrinkle. Scutellum weakly convex, with lateral longitudinal carinae developed only at its extreme base. Epicnemial carina reaching up about halfway, its upper end abruptly curved to reach anterior margin of mesopleuron. Foveate groove weak to rather deep, often transversely wrinkled. Propodeum with posterior transverse carina distinct, arching from pleural carina across the propodeum; apical longitudinal carinae complete. Propodeum usually without longitudinal carinae mediodorsally, though vestiges or wrinkles may be present. Propodeal spiracle small, round.
Fore wing with vein R1 not reaching apex of the wing. Veins Rs+2r and Rs meeting at right or slightly acute angle. Vein 2rs-m short and thick. Vein 2m-cu weakly antefurcal to distinctly postfurcal, weakly pigmented anteriorly, more or less distinct posteriorly, or sometimes vein 2m-cu is completely absent. Posterior abscissa of postnervulus present, thus the brachial cell is closed posteriorly. Hind wing with nervellus (cu1&cu-a) weakly to distinctly reclivous. Legs slender; hind coxa of female without a ventral ridge; tarsal claws not pectinate.
Metasoma with first tergite slender, weakly broadened posteriorly, subcylindrical; petiole longitudinally striate; postpetiole granulate, sometimes partly striate over granulation. Glymma present thought sometimes indistinct because of striation, joining by furrow to ventral part of petiole. Thyridial depression transverse to weakly elongate. Female with ovipositor slender, weakly upcurved. Male with genital capsule of normal dimensions.
Comparison. Kiwi is similar to the genus Aotearoazeus but may be distinguished from it by the vein 2m-cu which is less antefurcal, interstitial or postfurcal; unspecialized ovipositor with a weak dorsal subapical depression and without a swelling on lower valve before narrowed apex; and a fewer number of flagellomeres in the antenna. Kiwi also resembles the widespread genus Probles Förster but differs in structure of the propodeum which is usually uniformly granulate, without basal keel or basal area mediodorsally, and in structure of the first metasomal segment which is almost entirely longitudinally striate and granulate. In the key to genera occurring in New Zealand (Khalaim & Ward 2018: 44–45), Kiwi was included as an “undescribed genus” in couplet 5.
Etymology. Named after common name kiwi, an endemic New Zealand flightless birds of the genus Apterix Shaw. Gender masculine.
Remarks. Kiwi is endemic to New Zealand where eight species are recognized; all except K. gauldi (Khalaim), comb. nov. are described below as new.
Key to species of Kiwi
1. Antennal flagellum robust, subapical flagellomeres more or less quadrate (Figs 18, 28). Gena granulate (Figs 19, 31)...... 2
- Flagellum slender, subapical flagellomeres distinctly elongate. Gena smooth or granulate............................ 3
2. Malar space slightly longer than basal width of mandible (Fig. 18). Ovipositor with shallow dorsal subapical depression and two more or less developed rounded teeth before and/or behind this depression (Fig. 21); sheath 1.5–1.8× as long as hind tibia. Mesosoma uniformly black or reddish brown (Fig. 19)........................................ K. barrattae sp. nov.
- Malar space somewhat shorter than basal width of mandible (Fig. 31). Ovipositor with very small dorsal subapical depression, without dorsal teeth (Fig. 32); sheath 1.1–1.4× as long as hind tibia. Mesosoma black with reddish brown marks on pronotum, mesoscutum, mesopleuron and scutellum (Figs 11, 30)............................... K. gauldi (Khalaim), comb. nov.
3. Gena granulate, dull (Fig. 44), AND fore wing with vein 2m-cu entirely absent (Fig. 4)............. K. waitakerus sp. nov.
- Gena smooth and shining. Fore wing with vein 2m-cu with at least posterior 0.3 pigmented.......................... 4
4. Ovipositor short, with sheath distinctly shorter than hind tibia (Figs 36, 42). Foveate groove of mesopleuron long and sharp, extending in anterior 2/3 or more of mesopleuron, with front end usually reaching epicnemial carina (Figs 35, 43)........ 5
- Ovipositor longer, with sheath at least as long as hind tibia (Figs 8–10). Foveate groove of mesopleuron sometimes weak or absent.............................................................................................. 6
5. Ovipositor evenly tapered in apical half, thin and pointed at apex (Fig. 42). Foveate groove of mesopleuron sharp and broad (Fig. 43). First tergite slender, in lateral view weakly arcuate in basal 0.6 and stronger arcuate in apical 0.4, usually with slight concavity in apical 0.6–0.7 (Fig. 42)........................................................ K. ruzelus sp. nov.
- Ovipositor not as above, with apex not pointed, with weak but distinct dorsal subapical depression (Fig. 36). Foveate groove of mesopleuron thin (Fig. 35). First tergite less slender, evenly arcuate in lateral view (Fig. 37)............ K. oreteus sp. nov.
6. Gena in dorsal view as long as eye width. Head and antenna yellow-orange, with apical one or two flagellomeres darkened (Fig. 10). Ovipositor strongly upcurved apically, with a single dorsal tooth............................. K. gronous sp. nov.
- Gena in dorsal view 0.6–0.8× as long as eye width (Fig. 25). Head and antenna dark brown or black excepting yellowish clypeus, scape and pedicel. Ovipositor weakly and evenly upcurved, with shallow dorsal subapical depression (Figs 23, 27).... 7
7. Body dark brown, pronotum sometimes reddish brown (Fig. 8). Foveate groove of mesopleuron weak, usually without transverse wrinkles (Fig. 22). Ovipositor robust, swollen ventrally in apical 0.7 (Fig. 23).............. K. canterberus sp. nov.
- Mesosoma with reddish brown markings on pronotum, mesopleuron, mesoscutum and usually on scutellum (Fig. 9). Foveate groove of mesopleuron deep, with coarse transverse wrinkles (Fig. 26). Ovipositor slender, not swollen ventrally (Fig. 27)......................................................................................... K. earlyi sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I. & Ward, Darren F., 2019, Tersilochinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from New Zealand. Part 2. Review of genera Kiwi gen. nov. and Zealochus Khalaim, pp. 521-545 in Zootaxa 4613 (3) on pages 522-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4613.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3239895