National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio : a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries
Creators: name: Taddei, Cristina
name: Jackson, Rod
name: Zhou, Bin
name: Bixby, Honor
name: Danaei, Goodarz
name: Di Cesare, Mariachiara
name: Kuulasmaa, Kari
name: Hajifathalian, Kaveh
name: Bentham, James
name: Bennett, James E
name: Aekplakorn, Wichai
name: Cifkova, Renata
name: Dallongeville, Jean
name: DeBacquer, Dirk
name: Giampaoli, Simona
name: Gudnason, Vilmundur
name: Khang, Young-Ho
name: Laatikainen, Tiina
name: Mann, JimI
name: Marques-Vidal, Pedro
name: Mensah, GeorgeA
name: Müller-Nurasyid, Martina
name: Ninomiya, Toshiharu
name: Petkeviciene, Janina
name: Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando
name: Servais, Jennifer
name: Söderberg, Stefan
name: Stavreski, Bill
name: Wilsgaard, Tom
name: Zdrojewski, Tomasz
name: Zhao, Dong
name: Stevens, Gretchen A
name: Savin, Stefan
name: Cowan, Melanie J
name: Riley, Leanne M
name: Ezzati, Majid
name: Adams, Robert J
name: Aekplakorn, Wichai
name: Ahrens, Wolfgang
name: Amouyel, Philippe
name: Amuzu, Antoinette
name: Anderssen, Sigmund A
name: Ariansen, Inger
name: Arveiler, Dominique
name: Aspelund, Thor
name: Auvinen, Juha
name: Avdicová, Mária
name: Banach, Maciej
name: Bandosz, Piotr
name: Banegas, José R
name: Barbagallo, Carlo M
name: Bata, Iqbal
name: Baur, Louise A
name: Beaglehole, Robert
name: Bennett, James E
name: Bernotiene, Gailute
name: Bi, Yufang
name: Bienek, Asako
name: Björkelund, Cecilia
name: Bo, Simona
name: Boehm, Bernhard O
name: Bonaccio, Marialaura
name: Bongard, Vanina
name: Borchini, Rossana
name: Borghs, Herman
name: Breckenkamp, Juergen
name: Brenner, Hermann
name: Bruno, Graziella
name: Busch, Markus A
name: CabreradeLeón, Antonio
name: Capuano, Vincenzo
name: Casanueva, Felipe F
name: Casas, Juan-Pablo
name: Caserta, Carmelo A
name: Censi, Laura
name: Chen, Fangfang
name: Chen, Shuohua
name: Chirlaque, María-Dolores
name: Cho, Belong
name: Cho, Yumi
name: Chudek, Jerzy
name: Cifkova, Renata
name: Claessens, Frank
name: Clarke, Janine
name: Clays, Els
name: Cooper, Cyrus
name: Costanzo, Simona
name: Cottel, Dominique
name: Cowell, Chris
name: Crujeiras, AnaB
name: Cui, Liufu
name: D'Arrigo, Graziella
name: Dallongeville, Jean
name: Dauchet, Luc
name: De Backer, Guy
name: De Bacquer, Dirk
name: De Gaetano, Giovanni
name: De Henauw, Stefaan
name: De Smedt, Delphine
name: Dennison, Elaine
name: Deschamps, Valérie
name: DiCastelnuovo, Augusto
name: Dobson, Annette J
name: Donfrancesco, Chiara
name: Döring, Angela
name: Drygas, Wojciech
name: Du, Yong
name: Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta
name: Eggertsen, Robert
name: Ekelund, Ulf
name: Elosua, Roberto
name: Eriksson, JohanG
name: Evans, Alun
name: Fäh, David
name: Felix-Redondo, Francisco J
name: Fernández-Bergés, Daniel
name: Ferrari, Marika
name: Ferrieres, Jean
name: Finn, JosephD
name: Forslund, Ann-Sofie
name: Forsner, Maria
name: Frontera, Guillermo
name: Fujita, Yuki
name: Gaciong, Zbigniew
name: Galvano, Fabio
name: Gao, Jingli
name: Garcia-De-La-Hera, Manoli
name: Garnett, SarahP
name: Gaspoz, Jean-Michel
name: Gasull, Magda
name: Gates, Louise
name: Giampaoli, Simona
name: Gianfagna, Francesco
name: Gill, Tiffany K
name: Giovannelli, Jonathan
name: Goltzman, David
name: GonzalezGross, Marcela
name: Gottrand, Frederic
name: Graff-Iversen, Sidsel
name: Grafnetter, Dušan
name: Gregor, Ronald D
name: Grodzicki, Tomasz
name: Grosso, Giuseppe
name: Gruden, Grabriella
name: Gu, Dongfeng
name: Guallar-Castillón, Pilar
name: Gudmundsson, EliasF
name: Gudnason, Vilmundur
name: Guessous, Idris
name: Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna
name: Gutzwiller, Felix
name: Hardy, Rebecca
name: Hata, Jun
name: Haugsgjerd, Teresa
name: Hayes, Alison J
name: He, Jiang
name: He, Yuna
name: Herrala, Sauli
name: TapaniHihtaniemi, Ilpo
name: Hobbs, Michael
name: Hopman, Wilma M
name: MaríaHuerta, José
name: Huybrechts, Inge
name: Iacoviello, Licia
name: Iannone, Anna G
name: Ikeda, Nayu
name: Iwasaki, Masanori
name: Jackson, Rod
name: Jamrozik, Konrad
name: Janszky, Imre
name: Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta
name: Jasienska, Grazyna
name: Jennings, Garry
name: Jeong, Seung-Lyeal
name: QiangJiang, Chao
name: Joffres, Michel
name: Jokelainen, Jari J
name: Jonas, Jost B
name: Jóźwiak, Jacek
name: Kajantie, Eero O
name: Kauhanen, Jussi
name: Keil, Ulrich
name: Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka
name: Kersting, Mathilde
name: Khang, Young-Ho
name: Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula
name: Kiechl, Stefan
name: Kim, Jeongseon
name: Kim, Yeon-Yong
name: Klumbiene, Jurate
name: Knoflach, Michael
name: Ko, Stephanie
name: Kolle, Elin
name: Korpelainen, Raija
name: Koskinen, Seppo
name: Kouda, Katsuyasu
name: Kratzer, Wolfgang
name: Kriemler, Susi
name: Krokstad, Steinar
name: Kujala, UrhoM
name: Kurjata, Pawel
name: Kuulasmaa, Kari
name: Laatikainen, Tiina
name: HingLam, Tai
name: Lanska, Vera
name: Lappas, Georg
name: Laugsand, LarsE
name: Lee, Jeonghee
name: Lehtimäki, Terho
name: Li, Yanping
name: Lilly, Christa L
name: Lin, Xu
name: Lind, Lars
name: Lissner, Lauren
name: Liu, Jing
name: Lopez-Garcia, Esther
name: Lorbeer, Roberto
name: EugenioLozano, José
name: Luksiene, Dalia
name: Lundqvist, Annamari
name: Lundqvist, Robert
name: Lytsy, Per
name: Ma, Guansheng
name: Machi, Suka
name: Maggi, Stefania
name: Magliano, Dianna J
name: Mann, JimI
name: Manzato, Enzo
name: Marques-Vidal, Pedro
name: Mathiesen, Ellisiv B
name: McLachlan, Stela
name: McLean, Rachael M
name: Scott, B
name: Meirhaeghe, Aline
name: Metcalf, Patricia
name: Mi, Jie
name: Miller, Jody C
name: Moreno, Luis A
name: Morin, Suzanne
name: Mossakowska, Malgorzata
name: Muiesan, Maria L
name: Müller-Nurasyid, Martina
name: Mursu, Jaakko
name: Nakamura, Harunobu
name: Námešná, Jana
name: MariaNavarrete-Muñoz, Eva
name: Neal, William A
name: Nenko, Ilona
name: Niiranen, Teemu J
name: Ning, Guang
name: Ninomiya, Toshiharu
name: Noale, Marianna
name: Norie, Sawada
name: Noto, Davide
name: O'Neill, Terence
name: O'Reilly, Dermot
name: Oh, Kyungwon
name: Olafsson, Örn
name: MichelPaccaud, Fred
name: Pajak, Andrzej
name: Palmieri, Luigi
name: Panza, Francesco
name: Parnell, Winsome R
name: Peltonen, Markku
name: Peters, Annette
name: Petersmann, Astrid
name: Petkeviciene, Janina
name: Pigeot, Iris
name: Pilotto, Lorenza
name: Piwonska, Aleksandra
name: Plans-Rubió, Pedro
name: Porta, Miquel
name: Price, Jacqueline F
name: Puder, Jardena J
name: Puhakka, Soile E
name: Radisauskas, Ricardas
name: Raitakari, Olli
name: Ramos, Rafel
name: Redon, Josep
name: Rigo, Fernando
name: Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando
name: Rodriguez-Perez, María Del Cristo
name: Romaguera, Dora
name: Ronkainen, Kimmo
name: Rosengren, Annika
name: Roy, Joel G R
name: Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard
name: Rutkowski, Marcin
name: Salanave, Benoit
name: Salmerón, Diego
name: Salomaa, Veikko
name: Salonen, Jukka T
name: Salvetti, Massimo
name: Sans, Susana
name: Saramies, Jouko L
name: Saum, Kai-Uwe
name: Scheidt-Nave, Christa
name: Schienkiewitz, Anja
name: Schipf, Sabine
name: Schmidt, Carsten O
name: Schöttker, Ben
name: Sebert, Sylvain
name: Sen, Abhijit
name: Servais, Jennifer
name: Shaw, Jonathan E
name: Shibuya, Kenji
name: WookShin, Dong
name: Shiri, Rahman
name: Simons, Judith
name: Simons, Leon A
name: Sjöström, Michael
name: Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta
name: Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw
name: Söderberg, Stefan
name: Solfrizzi, Vincenzo
name: Sonestedt, Emily
name: Soumare, Aicha
name: Staessen, Jan A
name: Stathopoulou, Maria G
name: Stavreski, Bill
name: Steene-Johannessen, Jostein
name: Stehle, Peter
name: Stieber, Jutta
name: Stöckl, Doris
name: Stokwiszewski, Jakub
name: Sundström, Johan
name: Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul
name: Tamosiunas, Abdonas
name: JooTan, Eng
name: Taylor, Anne
name: Tell, Grethe
name: Thijs, Lutgarde
name: Tolonen, Hanna K
name: Topór-Madry, Roman
name: JoséTormo, María
name: Torrent, Maties
name: Tsugane, Shoichiro
name: Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka
name: Tuomilehto, Jaakko
name: Tzourio, Christophe
name: Uusitalo, Hannu M T
name: VanHerck, Koen
name: Vanderschueren, Dirk
name: Vanuzzo, Diego
name: Vatten, Lars
name: Vega, Tomas
name: Veronesi, Giovanni
name: Vioque, Jesus
name: Virtanen, JyrkiK
name: Visvikis-Siest, Sophie
name: Vollenweider, Peter
name: Voutilainen, Sari
name: Vrijheid, Martine
name: Wagner, Aline
name: Wagner, Anne
name: Wang, Ming-Dong
name: Wang, Qian
name: XingWang, Ya
name: Goya Wannamethee, S
name: Wei, Wenbin
name: Whincup, Peter H
name: Wiecek, Andrzej
name: Willeit, Johann
name: Willeit, Peter
name: Wilsgaard, Tom
name: Wojtyniak, Bogdan
name: Wong, Andrew
name: Woodward, Mark
name: GiwercmanWu, Aleksander
name: Wu, Frederick C
name: Wu, Shouling
name: Xu, Haiquan
name: Xu, Liang
name: Yan, Weili
name: Yang, Xiaoguang
name: Ye, Xingwang
name: Yoshihara, Akihiro
name: Zambon, Sabina
name: Zdrojewski, Tomasz
name: Zhao, Dong
name: Zhao, Wenhua
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press ; HighWire Press
Year: 2019

description: Background Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. Methods We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. Results Since ∼1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at ∼0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as ∼0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to ∼26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. Conclusions HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.