cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ion source and LEBT of KAHVELab proton beamline
Creators: name: Adıgüzel, A.
name: Açıksöz, S.
name: Çağlar, A.
name: Çetinkaya, H.
name: Esen, Ş.
name: Halis, D.
name: Hamparsunoğlu, A.
name: İlhan, T. B.
name: Kılıçgedik, A.
name: Koçer, O.
name: Oğur, S.
name: Öz, S.
name: Özbey, A.
name: Özcan, V. E.
name: Ünel, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The KAHVE Laboratory, at Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey is home to an educational proton linac project. The proton beam will originate from a 20 keV H+ source and will be delivered to a two module Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) operating at 800 MHz via a low energy beam transport (LEBT) line. Currently, the design phase being over, commissioning and stability tests are ongoing for the proton beamline which is already produced and installed except the RFQ which is being manufactured. This work summarizes the design, production and test phases of the ion source and LEBT line components.
DeScoD-ECG: Deep Score-Based Diffusion Model for ECG Baseline Wander and Noise Removal
Creators: name: Li, Huayu
name: Ditzler, Gregory
name: Roveda, Janet
name: Li, Ao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Objective: Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals commonly suffer noise interference, such as baseline wander. High-quality and high-fidelity reconstruction of the ECG signals is of great significance to diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel ECG baseline wander and noise removal technology. Methods: We extended the diffusion model in a conditional manner that was specific to the ECG signals, namely the Deep Score-Based Diffusion model for Electrocardiogram baseline wander and noise removal (DeScoD-ECG). Moreover, we deployed a multi-shots averaging strategy that improved signal reconstructions. We conducted the experiments on the QT Database and the MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. Baseline methods are adopted for comparison, including traditional digital filter-based and deep learning-based methods. Results: The quantities evaluation results show that the proposed method obtained outstanding performance on four distance-based similarity metrics with at least 20\% overall improvement compared with the best baseline method. Conclusion: This paper demonstrates the state-of-the-art performance of the DeScoD-ECG for ECG baseline wander and noise removal, which has better approximations of the true data distribution and higher stability under extreme noise corruptions. Significance: This study is one of the first to extend the conditional diffusion-based generative model for ECG noise removal, and the DeScoD-ECG has the potential to be widely used in biomedical applications.
Power Corrections to Electroweak Boson Production from Threshold Resummation
Creators: name: Sterman, George
name: Vogelsang, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the power corrections for electroweak boson production that are implied by threshold resummation, which we have extended to massive particles produced at measured transverse momentum, $p_T$, and rapidity. Power corrections in the resulting expressions arise from ambiguities in the low-scale behavior of the perturbative running coupling. Arguing for the relevance of the eikonal approximation, we show that such power corrections begin at order $1/p_T^2$ in full QCD, consistent with fixed-order, massive-gluon analysis. For large-$N$ Mellin moments, the leading behavior is $N^2/p_T^2$, which exponentiates along with the logarithms of threshold resummation.
description: 35 pages
Popcorn Drude weights from quantum symmetry
Creators: name: Ilievski, Enej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrable models provide emblematic examples of non-ergodic phenomena. One of their most distinguished properties are divergent zero-frequency conductivities signalled by finite Drude weights. Singular conductivities owe to long-lived quasiparticle excitations that propagate ballistically through the system without any diffraction. The case of the celebrated quantum Heisenberg chain, one of the best-studied many-body paradigms, turns out to be particularly mysterious. About a decade ago, it was found that the spin Drude weight in the critical phase of the model assumes an extraordinary, nowhere continuous, dependence on the anisotropy parameter in the shape of a `popcorn function'. This unprecedented discovery has been afterwards resolved at the level of the underlying deformed quantum symmetry algebra which helps explaining the erratic nature of the quasiparticle spectrum at commensurate values of interaction anisotropy. This work is devoted to the captivating phenomenon of discontinuous Drude weights, with the aim to give a broader perspective on the topic by revisiting and reconciling various perspectives from the previous studies. Moreover, it is argued that such an anomalous non-ergodic feature is not exclusive to the integrable spin chain but can be instead expected in a number of other integrable systems that arise from realizations of the quantum group $\mathcal{U}_{q}(\mathfrak{sl}(2))$, specialized to unimodular values of the quantum deformation parameter $q$. Our discussion is framed in the context of gapless anisotropic quantum chains of higher spin and the sine-Gordon quantum field theory in two space-time dimensions.
description: 58 pages. To appear in Focus Collection on "Hydrodynamics of Low-Dimensional Quantum Systems''
Hydrodynamic theory of scrambling in chaotic long-range interacting systems
Creators: name: Zhou, Tianci
name: Guo, Andrew Y.
name: Xu, Shenglong
name: Chen, Xiao
name: Swingle, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov (FKPP) equation provides a mean-field theory of out-of-time-ordered commutators in locally interacting quantum chaotic systems at high energy density; in the systems with power-law interactions, the corresponding fractional-derivative FKPP equation provides an analogous mean-field theory. However, the fractional FKPP description is potentially subject to strong quantum fluctuation effects, so it is not clear a priori if it provides a suitable effective description for generic chaotic systems with power-law interactions. Here we study this problem using a model of coupled quantum dots with interactions decaying as $\frac{1}{r^α}$, where each dot hosts $N$ degrees of freedom. The large $N$ limit corresponds to the mean-field description, while quantum fluctuations contributing to the OTOC can be modeled by $\frac{1}{N}$ corrections consisting of a cutoff function and noise. Within this framework, we show that the parameters of the effective theory can be chosen to reproduce the butterfly light cone scalings that we previously found for $N=1$ and generic finite $N$. In order to reproduce these scalings, the fractional index $μ$ in the FKPP equation needs to be shifted from the naïve value of $μ= 2α- 1$ to a renormalized value $μ= 2α- 2$. We provide supporting analytic evidence for the cutoff model and numerical confirmation for the full fractional FKPP equation with cutoff and noise.
description: 17+1 pages, 14 figures
Magnetic Toroidal Moment under Partial Magnetic Order in Hexagonal Zigzag-Chain Compound Ce$_3$TiBi$_5$
Creators: name: Hayami, Satoru
name: Kusunose, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate an antiferromagnetic structure in a hexagonal zigzag-chain compound Ce$_3$TiBi$_5$, which shows a linear magnetoelectric effect in metals and an unfamiliar temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility. We find a partial magnetic order as a coexistence of a nonmagnetic zigzag chain and staggered antiferromagnetic zigzag chains. The latter accompany in-plane magnetic toroidal dipole moments which are responsible for the observed behaviors. We show that magnetic frustration arising from competing exchange interactions plays an important role to realize such a partial magnetic order. Furthermore, we present the important spin-orbit coupling parameters to induce the physical phenomena driven by the magnetic toroidal dipole moment, such as the linear magnetoelectric effect and nonlinear transport.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Refuting the media: punishment and the 2005-06 gas dispute
Creators: name: Ringhausen, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: This paper disputes the claim that the gas dispute between Russia and the Ukraine in the winter of 2005-06 was a Russia policy of punishment of the Ukraine. Argued within the paper is the idea that the “gas politics” in fact represent a foreign policy tool and economic motivation that Russian foreign policy makers are currently using to pursue traditional Russian foreign policy goals and Russian economic interests.
Encapsulation of the Graphene Nanoribbon Precursor 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in Boron Nitride Nanotubes at Room Temperature
Creators: name: Cadena, Ana
name: Pekker, Áron
name: Botka, Bea
name: Dodony, Erzsébet
name: Fogarassy, Zsolt
name: Pécz, Béla
name: Kamarás, Katalin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene nanoribbons are prepared inside boron nitride nanotubes by liquid phase encapsulation and subsequent annealing of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The product is imaged with high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and characterized by optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy. Carbon-containing material is detected inside the boron nitride nanotubes with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The observed structures twist under the electron beam and the characteristic features of nanoribbons appear in the Raman spectra.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Giant chirality-induced spin-selectivity of polarons
Creators: name: Klein, Dan
name: Michaeli, Karen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect gives rise to strongly spin-dependent transport through many organic molecules and structures. Its discovery raises fascinating fundamental questions as well as the prospect of possible applications. The basic phenomenology, a strongly asymmetric magnetoresistance despite the absence of magnetism, is now understood to result from the combination of spin-orbit coupling and chiral geometry. However, experimental signatures of electronic helicity were observed at room temperature, i.e., at an energy scale that exceeds the typical spin-orbit coupling in organic systems by several orders of magnitude. This work shows that a new energy scale for CISS emerges for currents carried by polarons, i.e., in the presence of strong electron-phonon coupling. In particular, we found that polaron fluctuations play a crucial role in the two manifestations of CISS in transport measurements -- the spin-dependent transmission probability through the system and asymmetric magnetoresistance.
Quantum local-equilibrium approach to dissipative hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Mabillard, Joël
name: Gaspard, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The macroscopic hydrodynamic equations are derived for many-body systems in the local-equilibrium approach, using the Schrödinger picture of quantum mechanics. In this approach, statistical operators are defined in terms of microscopic densities associated with the fundamentally conserved quantities and other slow modes possibly emerging from continuous symmetry breaking, as well as macrofields conjugated to these densities. Functional identities can be deduced, allowing us to identify the reversible and dissipative parts of the mean current densities, to obtain general equations for the time evolution of the conjugate macrofields, and to establish the relationship to projection-operator methods. The entropy production is shown to be nonnegative by applying the Peierls-Bogoliubov inequality to a quantum integral fluctuation theorem. Using the expansion in the gradients of the conjugate macrofields, the transport coefficients are given by Green-Kubo formulas and the entropy production rate can be expressed in terms of quantum Einstein-Helfand formulas, implying its nonnegativity in agreement with the second law of thermodynamics. The results apply to multicomponent fluids and can be extended to condensed matter phases with broken continuous symmetries.
How do the dynamics of the Milky Way -- Large Magellanic Cloud system affect gamma-ray constraints on particle dark matter?
Creators: name: Eckner, Christopher
name: Calore, Francesca
name: Erkal, Denis
name: Lilleengen, Sophia
name: Petersen, Michael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies on astrophysical dark matter (DM) constraints have all assumed that the Milky Way's (MW) DM halo can be modelled in isolation. However, recent work suggests that the MW's largest dwarf satellite, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), has a mass of 10-20$\%$ that of the MW and is currently merging with our Galaxy. As a result, the DM haloes of the MW and LMC are expected to be strongly deformed. We here address and quantify the impact of the dynamical response caused by the passage of the LMC through the MW on the prospects for indirect DM searches. Utilising a set of state-of-the-art numerical simulations of the evolution of the MW-LMC system, we derive the DM distribution in both galaxies at the present time based on the Basis Function Expansion formalism. Consequently, we build $J$-factor all-sky maps of the MW-LMC system in order to study the impact of the LMC passage on gamma-ray indirect searches for thermally produced DM annihilating in the outer MW halo as well as within the LMC halo standalone. We conduct a detailed analysis of 12 years of Fermi-LAT data that incorporates various large-scale gamma-ray emission components and we quantify the systematic uncertainty associated with the imperfect knowledge of the astrophysical gamma-ray sources. We find that the dynamical response caused by the LMC passage can alter the constraints on the velocity-averaged annihilation cross section for weak scale particle DM at a level comparable to the existing observational uncertainty of the MW halo's density profile and total mass.
description: 21 pages (15 - main body; 6 - appendices), 10 figures; text corresponds to the version published in MNRAS
Variance estimation for logistic regression in case-cohort studies
Creators: name: Noma, Hisashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The logistic regression analysis proposed by Schouten et al. (Stat Med. 1993;12:1733-1745) has been a standard method in current statistical analysis of case-cohort studies, and it enables effective estimation of risk ratio from selected subsamples. Schouten et al. (1993) also proposed the standard error estimate of the risk ratio estimator can be calculated by the robust variance estimator. In this article, however, we show that the robust variance estimator does not account for the duplications of case and subcohort samples and generally has certain bias, i.e., inaccurate confidence intervals and P-values are possibly obtained. To address the invalid statistical inference problem, we provide an alternative bootstrap-based valid variance estimator. Through simulation studies, the bootstrap method consistently provided more precise confidence intervals compared with those provided by the robust variance method, while retaining adequate coverage probabilities. The conventional robust variance estimator has certain bias, and inadequate conclusions might be deduced. The bootstrap method would be an alternative effective approach in practice to provide accurate evidence.
Limits on Wave Optics Simulations of Plane Wave Propagation in Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence
Creators: name: Bos, Jeremy P.
name: Grulke, Stephen
name: Beck, Jeff
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive limits for wave optics simulations of plane wave propagation in non-Kolmogorov turbulence using the split-step method and thin phase screens. These limits are used to inform two simulation campaigns where the relationship between volume turbulence strength and normalized intensity variance for various non-Kolmogorov power-laws. We find that simulations of smaller power laws are limited turbulence strengths with Rytov numbers of 7 when the simulation side-length sampling rate is 8192. Under these same conditions it is possible to simulate volume turbulence strength out to Rytov numbers of 12 for Kolmogorov power-laws and higher. We show that the peak scintillation and Rytov number where peak scintillation occur increases monotonically with power-law. Also, that if turbulence strength is fixed, the relationship between scintillation index and power-law depends on the operating regime. In weak turbulence the relationship is negative, and it is positive in stronger turbulence. This work also emphasizes the importance of properly scaling turbulence strength with comparing results with different power-laws and the influence and importance of defining inner and outer scales in these simulations.
Pure state tomography with parallel unentangled measurements
Creators: name: Verdeil, François
name: Deville, Yannick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum state tomography (QST) aims at estimating a quantum state from averaged quantum measurements made on copies of the state. Most quantum algorithms rely on QST at some point and it is a well explored topic in the literature, mostly for mixed states. In this paper we focus on the QST of a pure quantum state using parallel unentangled measurements. Pure states are a small but useful subset of all quantum states, their tomography requires fewer measurements and is essentially a phase recovery problem. Parallel unentangled measurements are easy to implement in practice because they allow the user to measure each qubit individually. We propose two sets of quantum measurements that one can make on a pure state as well as the algorithms that use the measurements outcomes in order to identify the state. We also discuss how those estimates can be fined tuned by finding the state that maximizes the likelihood of the measurements with different variants of the likelihood. The performances of the proposed three types of QST methods are validated by means of detailed numerical tests.
description: 18 pages 6 figures
The first catalogue of spectroscopically confirmed red nuggets at z~0.7 from the VIPERS survey. Linking high-z red nuggets and local relics
Creators: name: Lisiecki, Krzysztof
name: Małek, Katarzyna
name: Siudek, Małgorzata
name: Pollo, Agnieszka
name: Krywult, Janusz
name: Karska, Agata
name: Junais
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 'Red nuggets' are a rare population of passive compact massive galaxies thought to be the first massive galaxies that formed in the Universe. First found at $z \sim 3$, they are even less abundant at lower redshifts, and it is believed that with time they mostly transformed through mergers into today's giant ellipticals. Those red nuggets which managed to escape this fate can serve as unique laboratories to study the early evolution of massive galaxies. In this paper, we aim to make use of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey to build the largest up-to-date catalogue of spectroscopically confirmed red nuggets at the intermediate redshift $0.5 8\times10^{10}$ $\rm{M}_{\odot}$ and effective radii $R_\mathrm{e}<1.5$ kpc. Among them, we select red, passive galaxies with old stellar population based on colour--colour NUVrK diagram, star formation rate values, and verification of their optical spectra. Verifying the influence of the limit of the source compactness on the selection, we found that the sample size can vary even up to two orders of magnitude, depending on the chosen criterion. Using one of the most restrictive criteria with additional checks on their spectra and passiveness, we spectroscopically identified only 77 previously unknown red nuggets. The resultant catalogue of 77 red nuggets is the largest such catalogue built based on the uniform set of selection criteria above the local Universe. Number density calculated on the final sample of 77 VIPERS passive red nuggets per comoving Mpc$^3$ increases from 4.7$\times10^{-6}$ at $z \sim 0.61$ to $9.8 \times 10^{-6}$ at $z \sim 0.95$, which is higher than values estimated in the local Universe, and lower than the ones found at $z>2$. It fills the gap at intermediate redshift.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 16 pages, 10 figures
The ultraviolet continuum slopes ($\mathbfβ$) of galaxies at $\mathbf{z\simeq8-16}$ from JWST and ground-based near-infrared imaging
Creators: name: Cullen, F.
name: McLure, R. J.
name: McLeod, D. J.
name: Dunlop, J. S.
name: Donnan, C. T.
name: Carnall, A. C.
name: Bowler, R. A. A.
name: Begley, R.
name: Hamadouche, M. L.
name: Stanton, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) continuum slopes ($β$) of galaxies at redshifts $8 < z < 16$, using a combination of JWST ERO and ERS NIRcam imaging and ground-based near-infrared imaging of the COSMOS field. The combination of JWST and ground-based imaging provides a wide baseline in both redshift and absolute UV magnitude ($-22.6 < M_{\rm UV} < 17.9$), sufficient to allow a meaningful comparison to previous results at lower redshift. Using a power-law fitting technique, we find that our full sample (median $M_{\rm UV}=-19.3\pm 1.3$) returns an inverse-variance weighted mean value of $\langle β\rangle = -2.10 \pm 0.05$, with a corresponding median value of $β=-2.29\pm 0.09$. These values imply that the UV colours of galaxies at $z>8$ are, on average, no bluer than the bluest galaxies in the local Universe. Moreover, we find evidence for a $β-M_{\rm UV}$ relation, such that brighter UV galaxies display redder UV slopes ($\rm{d}β/ \rm{d} M_{\rm UV} = -0.17 \pm 0.05$). Comparing to results at lower redshift, we find that the slope of our $β-M_{\rm UV}$ relation is consistent with the slope observed at $z\simeq 5$ and that, at a given $M_{\rm UV}$, our $88$.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, MNRAS accepted version
Women, opioid use and addiction
Creators: name: Goetz, Teddy G.
name: Becker, Jill B.
name: Mazure, Carolyn M.
Publisher: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: sex characteristics
subject: opioid‐related disorders
subject: addiction medicine
subject: Biology
subject: Science

description: In the midst of the current coronavirus pandemic, the United States continues to struggle with an ongoing opioid epidemic, initially fueled by widespread prescribing of opioid medications during the 1990s. The primary reason for prescribing opioids is to treat pain. Women have more acute and chronic pain and have been prescribed these drugs in significantly greater numbers than men. Comparison of women and men with chronic pain also shows that women receive the majority of prescription opioids, and the use of these prescribed medications became the major pathway to misuse and addiction for women. Yet, recognition of the extent of women’s exposure to opioids and the attendant consequences has been limited. Attempts to stem the overall tide of the epidemic focused on reducing the availability of prescription opioids. However, as these medications became more difficult to obtain and treatment opportunities were limited, many turned to other synthetic opioids, such as heroin and fentanyl. Thus, the public health crisis of opioid addiction has endured. This paper highlights the importance of understanding differences among women and men in opioid use and its biological and psychosocial effects to advance the gender‐based treatment approaches and effective public health policy.
Nonperturbative structure in coupled axion sectors and implications for direct detection
Creators: name: Cyncynates, David
name: Simon, Olivier
name: Thompson, Jedidiah O.
name: Weiner, Zachary J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pairs of misalignment-produced axions with nearby masses can experience a nonlinear resonance that leads to enhanced direct and astrophysical signatures of axion dark matter. In much of the relevant parameter space, self-interactions cause axion fluctuations to become nonperturbative and to collapse in the early Universe. We investigate the observational consequences of such nonperturbative structure in this "friendly axion" scenario with $3+1$ dimensional simulations. Critically, in a substantial fraction of parameter space we find that nonlinear dynamics work to equilibrate the abundance of the two axions, making it easier than previously expected to experimentally confirm the existence of a resonant pair. We also compute the gravitational wave emission from friendly axion dark matter; while the resulting stochastic background is likely undetectable for axion masses above $10^{-22} \, \text{eV}$, the polarization of the cosmic microwave background does constrain possible hyperlight, friendly subcomponents. Finally, we demonstrate that dense, self-interaction--bound oscillons formed during the period of strong nonlinearity are driven by the homogeneous axion background, enhancing their lifetime beyond the in-vacuum expectation.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures; matches published version
EVALUATION OF RADIATION DOSE TO THE OPERATOR AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTIVE MEASURES IN EXAMINATIONS WITH PORTABLE RADIOGRAPHIC DEVICES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Creators: name: Villoria, Eduardo
name: Visconti, Maria
name: Martins, Guilherme
name: de Lima Azeredo, Thaís
name: Verner, Francielle
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Radiology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: dental radiography
subject: radiation dose
subject: radiation protection
subject: X-ray

description: With the advance in the commercialization and use of the portable radiographic device in private and university clinics, it is extremely important to know the safety of this equipment for routine clinical use in these environments. Therefore, as to date (09/20/2021), no systematic review on this topic have been found in the different databases, and as this type of investigation is extremely important, the aim of the present study will be to carry out a systematic review with laboratory studies to assess the radiation dose to the operator and the effectiveness of protective measures in examinations with portable radiographic devices.
A new study of the $N=32$ and $N=34$ shell gap for Ti and V by the first high-precision MRTOF mass measurements at BigRIPS-SLOWRI
Creators: name: Iimura, S.
name: Rosenbusch, M.
name: Takamine, A.
name: Tsunoda, Y.
name: Wada, M.
name: Chen, S.
name: Hou, D. S.
name: Xian, W.
name: Ishiyama, H.
name: Yan, S.
name: Schury, P.
name: Crawford, H.
name: Doornenbal, P.
name: Hirayama, Y.
name: Ito, Y.
name: Kimura, S.
name: Koiwai, T.
name: Kojima, T. M.
name: Koura, H.
name: Lee, J.
name: Liu, J.
name: Michimasa, S.
name: Miyatake, H.
name: Moon, J. Y.
name: Nishimura, S.
name: Naimi, S.
name: Niwase, T.
name: Odahara, A.
name: Otsuka, T.
name: Paschalis, S.
name: Petri, M.
name: Shimizu, N.
name: Sonoda, T.
name: Suzuki, D.
name: Watanabe, Y. X.
name: Wimmer, K.
name: Wollnik, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The atomic masses of $^{55}$Sc, $^{56,58}$Ti, and $^{56-59}$V have been determined using the high-precision multi-reflection time-of-flight technique. The radioisotopes have been produced at RIKEN's RIBF facility and delivered to the novel designed gas cell and multi-reflection system (ZD MRTOF), which has been recently commissioned downstream of the ZeroDegree spectrometer following the BigRIPS separator. For $^{56,58}$Ti and $^{56-59}$V the mass uncertainties have been reduced down to the order of $10\,\mathrm{keV}$, shedding new light on the $N=34$ shell effect in Ti and V isotopes by the first high-precision mass measurements of the critical species $^{58}$Ti and $^{59}$V. With the new precision achieved, we reveal the non-existence of the $N=34$ empirical two-neutron shell gaps for Ti and V, and the enhanced energy gap above the occupied $νp_{3/2}$ orbit is identified as a feature unique to Ca. We perform new Monte Carlo shell model calculations including the $νd_{5/2}$ and $νg_{9/2}$ orbits and compare the results with conventional shell model calculations, which exclude the $νg_{9/2}$ and the $νd_{5/2}$ orbits. The comparison indicates that the shell gap reduction in Ti is related to a partial occupation of the higher orbitals for the outer two valence neutrons at $N=34$.
Hochdosischemotherapie bei Hodentumoren
Creators: name: Krusch, Andreas
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Prognose
subject: Stammzelltransplantation
subject: Salvagetherapie
subject: Spättoxizitäten
subject: prognosis
subject: haematopoetic stemm cell transplantation
subject: salvage therapy
subject: late toxicities
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: 33 Medizin
subject: XH 8050

description: Die Hochdosischemotherapie (HDCT) wurde als Therapiestrategie zur Verbesserung des Therapieansprechens bei Patienten mit rezidivierten und/oder refraktären Keimzelltumoren entwickelt. Im Zeitraum von August 1989 bis September 1995 wurden insgesamt 150 Patienten mit rezidivierten und/oder refraktären Keimzelltumoren in konsekutive Therapieprotokolle mit einer konventionell-dosierten Chemotherapie gefolgt von einem Zyklus HDCT mit Carboplatin in der Dosierung 1500-2000 mg/m², Etoposide in der Dosierung 1200-2400 mg/m² und Ifosfamid in der Dosierung 0-10 g/m² eingeschlossen und retrospektiv ausgewertet. Nach einem medianen Follow-up von 55 Monaten (Spanne 21-88 Monate) lebten 51/150 (34%) Patienten und waren tumorfrei. Das berechnete ereignisfreie Überleben lag bei 29%, das Gesamtüberleben bei 39%. Die Bedeutung von Prognosefaktoren für das Therapieansprechen auf HDCT wurden prospektiv bestätigt. Persistierende Toxizitäten traten bei gut einem Drittel der Langzeitüberlebenden auf. Die intensivierte Behandlung mit HDCT resultierte in einem signifikanten Anteil an Langzeitüberlebenden bei Patienten mit rezidivierten und/oder refraktären Keimzelltumoren. Klinische Studien zur prospektiven Evaluierung der HDCT als frühe Therapieintervention scheinen gerechtfertigt.
description: High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) has evolved as a strategy to improve treatment outcome in patients with relapsed and/or refractory germ cell tumors. Between August 1989 and September 1995, 150 consecutive patients with relapsed and/or refractory germ cell tumors were treated with conventional-dose salvage chemotherapy followed by one cycle of HDCT with carboplation 1500-2000 mg/m², etoposide 1200-2400 mg/m² and ifosfamide 0-10 g/m² and were retrospetively analysed. With a median follow-up time of 55 month (range 21-88 month) 51/150 (34%) patients were alive and disease free. The projected event-free and overall survival are 29% and 39% respectively. The relevance of prognostic variables for long-term survival after HDCT were prospectively confirmed. Persisting toxicities occured in approximately one third of long-term survivors. Treatment intensification with HDCT resulted in a significant proportion of long-term survivors in patients with relapsed and/or refractory germ cell tumors. Trials to prospetively evaluate HDCT as an early intervention in these patients semm justified.
Analysis of Defects in Ce5O9 through Density Functional Theory
Creators: name: Barse, Manisha M
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Ce5O9, a non-stoichiometric cerium-based oxide, exhibits unique properties due to its mixed valence behavior and oxygen vacancy formation. In this study, we employ density functional theory (DFT) calculations with a Hubbard U parameter to investigate the point defects in Ce5O9 and their influence on its electronic structure and phase stability. By considering various point defect configurations, including vacancies and antisites, we calculate the formation energies and analyze their impact on the electronic structure of Ce5O9. The stability of different defect configurations is evaluated by comparing their formation energies. Through this analysis, we identify the energetically favorable defect configurations and can also gain insights into the defect concentrations that are likely to occur under specific conditions. Our DFT study of point defects in Ce5O9 enhances our understanding of the material's defect chemistry and its implications for its electronic structure and properties. The insights gained from this study can guide the design and optimization of Ce5O9-based materials for applications in solid oxide fuel cells, catalysis, and oxygen storage. Additionally, it paves the way for further experimental investigations to validate the computational predictions and explore the defect behavior in Ce5O9 more comprehensively.
Triply-Resonant Sum Frequency Conversion with Gallium Phosphide Ring Resonators
Creators: name: Logan, Alan D.
name: Shree, Shivangi
name: Chakravarthi, Srivatsa
name: Yama, Nicholas
name: Pederson, Christian
name: Hestroffer, Karine
name: Hatami, Fariba
name: Fu, Kai-Mei C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate quasi-phase matched, triply-resonant sum frequency conversion in 10.6-um-diameter integrated gallium phosphide ring resonators. A small-signal, waveguide-to-waveguide power conversion efficiency of 8%/mW is measured for conversion from telecom (1536 nm) and near infrared (1117 nm) to visible (647 nm) wavelengths with an absolute power conversion efficiency of 6.3% measured at saturation pump power. For the complementary difference frequency generation process, a single photon conversion efficiency of 7.2%/mW from visible to telecom is projected for resonators with optimized coupling. Efficient conversion from visible to telecom will facilitate long-distance transmission of spin-entangled photons from solid-state emitters such as the diamond NV center, allowing long-distance entanglement for quantum networks.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
The paradox of pipelines: economic and political effects of transit wealth
Creators: name: Rice, Brandon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: This article investigates the impact oil and gas pipelines have had on the political and economic development countries such as Ukraine and Belarus. The article uses post-Soviet Ukraine as a case study to develop a transit curse theory highlighting the negative effects of transit revenues. This transit curse in many ways operates similarly to the well-known resource curse, disrupting healthy economic growth and preventing the establishment of responsible governance. The example of Ukraine shows that even once the transit revenues are effectively removed, the legacy of the formal and informal institutions built up by those revenues continues to hinder healthy economic growth and accountable governance.
Design of Switchable Frequency-Selective Rasorber with A-R-A-T or A-T-A-R Operating Modes
Creators: name: Kong, Xiangkun
name: Jin, Xin
name: Wang, Xuemeng
name: Lin, Weihao
name: Wang, He
name: Cao, Zuwei
name: Gao, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents a switchable frequency-selective rasorber (SFSR) with two operating modes. Switching from transmission to reflection can be achieved by appropriately adding feeders and PIN diodes based on cascaded two-dimensional lossy and lossless frequency-selective surface (FSS) screens. The proposed SFSR can realize out-of-band absorption. Analysis of the equivalent circuit model (ECM) can be useful for achieving a switchable rasorber. As the state of the PIN diodes changes, the working state of the SFSR can be switched from low-frequency reflection and high-frequency transmission to low-frequency transmission and high-frequency reflection, respectively. In the final-revision simulation of the working band of the SFSR, in the ON state, reflection and transmission peaks of -0.55 dB at 4.06 GHz and -0.52 dB at 5.97 GHz, respectively, are achieved; in the OFF state, the transmission and reflection peaks of -0.31 dB at 4.04GHz and -0.26 dB at 6.01 GHz, respectively, are obtained. A prototype sample is developed and validated. The results are in good agreement with those of the full-wave simulation. The proposed design can be used in intelligent anti-jamming communication.
Effect of direct metal laser sintering build parameters on defects and ultrasonic fatigue performance of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg
Creators: name: Rhein, Robert K.
name: Shi, Qianying
name: Arjun Tekalur, Srinivasan
name: Wayne Jones, J.
name: Carroll, Jason W.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: ultrasonic fatigue
subject: fatigue
subject: additive manufacturing
subject: Materials Science and Engineering
subject: Engineering

description: The high cycle fatigue behaviour of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg is evaluated using ultrasonic fatigue as a means to accelerate fatigue testing. Build parameters during the additive manufacturing process are varied, and their effect on defect type, size, and distribution is determined. These defects are further found to influence fatigue behaviour, which is analysed using a Murakami area model. Finally, the ultrasonic fatigue test results are interpreted in the context of applied stress intensity factor and an optimized fatigue limit fit. Two different kinds of physical behaviour, representing Murakami dependence and a long crack regime, are found to better correlate the fatigue life behaviour than the Murakami model alone. With this information, we can tailor defect size, type and distribution, within the context of an optimized processing route, to obtain necessary high cycle fatigue properties.
Interplay between exchange split Dirac and Rashba-type surface states in MnBi$_2$Te$_4$/BiTeI interface
Creators: name: Zaitsev, N. L.
name: Rusinov, I. P.
name: Menshchikova, T. V.
name: Chulkov, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the ab initio calculations, we study the electronic structure of the BiTeI/MnBi2Te4 heterostructure interface composed of the anti-ferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi$_2$Te$_4$ and the polar semiconductor trilayer BiTeI. We found significant difference in electronic properties at different types of contact between substrate and the overlayer. While the case of Te-Te interface forms natural expansion of the substrate, when Dirac cone state locates mostly in the polar overlayer region and undergoes slight exchange splitting, Te-I contact is the source of four-band state contributed by the substrate Dirac cone and Rashba-type state of the polar trilayer. Owing to magnetic proximity, the pair of Kramers degeneracies for this state are lifted, what produces Hall response in transport regime. We believe, our findings provide new opportunities to construct novel type spintronic devices.
Anomalous periodicity and parafermion hybridization in superconducting qubits
Creators: name: Calzona, Alessio
name: Carrega, Matteo
name: Chirolli, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological quantum computation relies on a protected degenerate subspace enabling complicated operations in a noise-resilient way. To this end, hybrid platforms based on non-Abelian quasiparticles such as parafermions hold great promise. These are predicted to emerge at the interface between fractional quantum Hall states and superconductors and therefore naturally couple to superconducting qubits. Here, we study a parafermionic fluxonium circuit and show that the presence of topological states yields a striking periodicity in the qubit spectrum. In addition, peculiar and marked signatures of different parafermion coupling, associated with multiple tunneling of fractional quasiparticles, can be detected in the qubit microwave spectrum. Finite parafermion coupling can reduce the full degeneracy of the non-Abelian manifold, and we show that this configuration can be used to assess the remaining degree of protection of the system.
description: 7 (+5) pages, 3 (+4) figures
Infrared Observations of novae in the SOFIA era
Creators: name: Gehrz, R. D.
name: Evans, A.
name: Helton, L. A.
name: Woodward, C. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical novae inject chemically enriched gas and dust into the local inter-stellar medium (ISM). Abundances in the ejecta can be deduced from infrared (IR) forbidden line emission. IR spectroscopy can determine the mineralogy of grains that grow in nova ejecta. We anticipate the impact that NASA's new Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) will have on future IR studies of novae.
description: To appear in the proceedings of "Physics of Evolved Stars 2015 - A conference dedicated to the memory of Olivier Chesneau"
PICASO 3.0: A One-Dimensional Climate Model for Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Sagnick
name: Batalha, Natasha E.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Marley, Mark S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations will allow us to study exoplanet and brown dwarf atmospheres in great detail. The physical interpretation of these upcoming high signal-to-noise observations requires precise atmospheric models of exoplanets and brown dwarfs. While several one-dimensional and three-dimensional atmospheric models have been developed in the past three decades, these models have often relied on simplified assumptions like chemical equilibrium and are also often not open-source, which limits their usage and development by the wider community. We present a python-based one-dimensional atmospheric radiative-convective equilibrium model. This model has heritage from the Fortran-based code (Marley et al.,1996} which has been widely used to model the atmospheres of Solar System objects, brown dwarfs, and exoplanets. In short, the basic capability of the original model is to compute the atmospheric state of the object under radiative-convective equilibrium given its effective or internal temperature, gravity, and host--star properties (if relevant). In the new model, which has been included within the well-utilized code-base PICASO, we have added these original features as well as the new capability of self-consistently treating disequilibrium chemistry. This code is widely applicable to Hydrogen-dominated atmospheres (e.g., brown dwarfs and giant planets).
description: Under review in ApJ; posting after incorporating the first referee response; official code release will coincide with paper acceptance; comments welcome; 29 Pages; 15 Figures; 3 Tables
Analysis Plan
Creators: name: Lin, Audrie
name: Mertens, Andrew
name: Li, Amy
name: Tan, Sophia
name: Butzin-Dozier, Zachary
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences

description: Updated WASH Benefits Bangladesh Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, Stress & Telomere Analysis Plan
Predicting today's cosmological constant via the Zel'dovich-Holographic connection
Creators: name: Tello, Pablo G.
name: Bini, Donato
name: Kauffman, Stuart
name: Succi, Sauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This Letter proposes a solution of the Vacuum Energy and the Cosmological Constant (CC) paradox based on the Zel'dovich's ansatz, which states that the observable contribution to the vacuum energy density is given by the gravitational energy of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs, continually generated and annihilated in the vacuum state. The novelty of this work is the use of an ultraviolet cut-off length based on the Holographic Principle, which is shown to yield current values of the CC in good agreement with experimental observations.
description: 4 pages, 0 figures
Expected regret and moral disapproval: Mechanisms driving the stigmatisation of childfree women and men?
Creators: name: Ekelund, Malin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This is the second preregistrated study for the project: The Stigmatisation of Voluntarily Childfree Women and Men: Moderators and Mechanisms in a UK Community Sample