cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic modeling of quantum-dot cellular automata
Creators: name: Srivastava, Saket
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023
Subjects: F343 - Computational physics
H600 - Electronic & electrical engineering
H610 - Electronic engineering
H612 - Integrated circuit design
H690 - Electronic & electrical engineering not elsewhere classified
I100 - Computer science

description: As CMOS scaling faces a technological barrier in the near future, novel design paradigms are being proposed to keep up with the ever growing need for computation power and speed. Most of these novel technologies have device sizes comparable to atomic and molecular scales. At these levels the quantum mechanical effects play a dominant role in device performance, thus inducing uncertainty. The wave nature of particle matter and the uncertainty associated with device operation make a case for probabilistic modeling of the device. As the dimensions go down to a molecular scale, functioning of a nano-device will be governed primarily by the atomic level device physics. Modeling a device at such a small scale will require taking into account the quantum mechanical phenomenon inherent to the device. In this dissertation, we studied one such nano-device: Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA). We used probabilistic modeling to perform a fast approximation based method to estimate error, power and reliability in large QCA circuits. First, we associate the quantum mechanical probabilities associated with each QCA cell to design and build a probabilistic Bayesian network. Our proposed modeling is derived from density matrix-based quantum modeling, and it takes into account dependency patterns induced by clocking. Our modeling scheme is orders of magnitude faster than the coherent vector simulation method that uses quantum mechanical simulations. Furthermore, our output node polarization values match those obtained from the state of the art simulations. Second, we use this model to approximate power dissipated in a QCA circuit during a non-adiabatic switching event and also to isolate the thermal hotspots in a design. Third, we also use a hierarchical probabilistic macromodeling scheme to model QCA designs at circuit level to isolate weak spots early in the design process. It can also be used to compare two functionally equivalent logic designs without performing the expensive quantum mechanical simulations. Finally, we perform optimization studies on different QCA layouts by analyzing the designs for error and power over a range of kink energies. To the best of our knowledge the non-adiabatic power model presented in this dissertation is the first work that uses abrupt clocking scheme to estimate realistic power dissipation. All prior works used quasi-adiabatic power dissipation models. The hierarchical macromodel design is also the first work in QCA design that uses circuit level modeling and is faithful to the underlying layout level design. The effect of kink energy to study power-error tradeoffs will be of great use to circuit designers and fabrication scientists in choosing the most suitable design parameters such as cell size and grid spacing.
title: PsyMent: Psychische Gesundheit – Mental Health Workshopangebote zu Umgang mit neuen Herausforderungen und psychischer Belastung im ersten Studienabschnitt Humanmedizin
Creators: name: Kunze, Anne-Marajke
name: Kuhnert, Andrea
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund & Zielsetzung: Medizinstudierende weisen während ihres Studiums oft stressbedingte psychische und psychosomatische Belastungssymptome auf [ref:1]. Aus eigenen Erhebungen ist bekannt, dass ein hoher Bedarf seitens der Studierenden nach gezielten Hilfsangeboten besteht,[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)
title: Eine Studie zum Zusammenhang zwischen Stress, Achtsamkeit, Lebensstil und akademischer Leistung bei Studierenden der Humanmedizin
Creators: name: Lampe, Luisa Charlotte
name: Müller-Hilke, Brigitte
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung/Zielsetzung: Studierende der Humanmedizin zeigen im Verlauf ihres Studiums einen Anstieg von wahrgenommenem Stress [ref:1], der zu schlechteren Ergebnissen im ersten Staatsexamen führen kann [ref:2]. Stress kann jedoch durch achtsamkeitsbasierte Interventionen[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)
Modelling & analysis of hybrid dynamic systems using a bond graph approach
Creators: name: Margetts, Rebecca
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023
Subjects: G150 - Mathematical modelling
H150 - Engineering design
H310 - Dynamics
H360 - Electromechanical engineering
H650 - Systems engineering
H660 - Control systems
H730 - Mechatronics

description: Hybrid models are those containing continuous and discontinuous behaviour. In constructing dynamic systems models, it is frequently desirable to abstract rapidly changing, highly nonlinear behaviour to a discontinuity. Bond graphs lend themselves to systems modelling by being multi-disciplinary and reflecting the physics of the system. One advantage is that they can produce a mathematical model in a form that simulates quickly and efficiently. Hybrid bond graphs are a logical development which could further improve speed and efficiency. A range of hybrid bond graph forms have been proposed which are suitable for either simulation or further analysis, but not both. None have reached common usage.A Hybrid bond graph method is proposed here which is suitable for simulation as well as providing engineering insight through analysis. This new method features a distinction between structural and parametric switching. The controlled junction is used for the former, and gives rise to dynamic causality. A controlled element is developed for the latter. Dynamic causality is unconstrained so as to aid insight, and a new notation is proposed. The junction structure matrix for the hybrid bond graph features Boolean terms to reflect the controlled junctions in the graph structure. This hybrid JSM is used to generate a mixed-Boolean state equation. When storage elements are in dynamic causality, the resulting system equation is implicit.The focus of this thesis is the exploitation of the model. The implicit form enables application of matrix-rank criteria from control theory, and control properties can be seen in the structure and causal assignment. An impulsive mode may occur when storage elements are in dynamic causality, but otherwise there are no energy losses associated with commutation because this method dictates the way discontinuities are abstracted. The main contribution is therefore a Hybrid Bond Graph which reflects the physics of commutating systems and offers engineering insight through the choice of controlled elements and dynamic causality. It generates a unique, implicit, mixed-Boolean system equation, describing all modes of operation. This form is suitable for both simulation and analysis.
title: Erleichterter Übergang in die eigene Niederlassung durch ein Praxisübergabe-/-übernahme-Coaching (Pü²C)? Vorstellung des Projekts und der Studie zur Bedarfsermittlung.
Creators: name: Fink, Martin
name: Gerlach, Ferdinand M.
name: Sennekamp, Monika
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung/Zielsetzung: Bereits 2014 hat der Sachverständigenrat Gesundheit in seinem Gutachten darauf hingewiesen, dass nur durchschnittlich jeder zweite Hausarzt, der altersbedingt seine Praxistätigkeit beendet, einen Nachfolger findet [ref:1]. Der steigenden Zahl der[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)
title: Junior Mentoring: ein innovatives “Peer to Peer”-Student-Mentoring-Programm an der MedUni Wien
Creators: name: Mansbart, Felix Johannes
name: Hofhansl, Angelika
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung/Zielsetzung: An der MedUni Wien gibt es seit dem Studienjahr 2009/10 ein großflächiges Senior Mentoring Programm, bei dem Studierende von Ärzt*innen, Wissenschafter*innen der MedUni Wien betreut werden. Bislang gab es jedoch kein institutionalisiertes[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)
The power spectrum of solar convection flows from high-resolution observations and 3D simulations
Creators: name: Chaouche, L. Yelles
name: Moreno-Insertis, F.
name: Bonet, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare Fourier spectra of photospheric velocity fields from very high resolution IMaX observations to those from recent 3D numerical magnetoconvection models. We carry out a proper comparison by synthesizing spectral lines from the numerical models and then applying to them the adequate residual instrumental degradation that affects the observational data. Also, the validity of the usual observational proxies is tested by obtaining synthetic observations from the numerical boxes and comparing the velocity proxies to the actual velocity values from the numerical grid. For the observations, data from the SUNRISE/IMaX instrument with about 120 km spatial resolution are used, thus allowing the calculation of observational Fourier spectra well into the subgranular range. For the simulations, we use four series of runs obtained with the STAGGER code and synthesize the IMaX spectral line (FeI 5250.2 A) from them. Proxies for the velocity field are obtained via Dopplergrams (vertical component) and local correlation tracking (horizontal component). A very good match between observational and simulated Fourier power spectra is obtained for the vertical velocity data for scales between 200 km and 6 Mm. Instead, a clear vertical shift is obtained when the synthetic observations are not degraded. The match for the horizontal velocity data is much less impressive because of the inaccuracies of the LCT procedure. Concerning the internal comparison of the direct velocity values of the numerical boxes with those from the synthetic observations, a high correlation (0.96) is obtained for the vertical component when using the velocity values on the log($tau_{500}$) = -1 surface in the box. The corresponding Fourier spectra are near each other. A lower maximum correlation (0.5) is reached (at $tau_{500}$ = 1) for the horizontal velocities as a result of the coarseness of the LCT procedure.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted in A&A
The Thick Gas Electron Multiplier and its derivatives: physics, technologies and applications
Creators: name: Bressler, Shikma
name: Moleri, Luca
name: Jash, Abhik
name: Tesi, Andrea
name: Zavazieva, Darina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) is a robust high-gain gas-avalanche electron multiplier - a building block of a variety of radiation detectors. It can be manufactured economically by standard printed-circuit drilling and etching technology. We present a detailed review of the THGEM and its derivatives. We focus on the physics phenomena that govern their operation and performances under different operation conditions. Technological aspects associated with the production of these detectors and their current and potential applications are discussed.
Repulsive Vector Interaction in Three Flavor Magnetized Quark and Stellar Matter
Creators: name: Menezes, Débora P.
name: Pinto, Marcus B.
name: Castro, Luis B.
name: Costa, Pedro
name: Providência, Constan{\c}ca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of the vector interaction on three flavor magnetized matter is studied within the SU(3) Nambu--Jona-Lasiono quark model. We have considered cold matter under a static external magnetic field within two different models for the vector interaction in order to investigate how the form of the vector interaction and the intensity of the magnetic field affect the equation of state as well as the strangeness content. It was shown that the flavor independent vector interaction predicts a smaller strangeness content and, therefore, harder equations of state. On the other hand, the flavor dependent vector interaction favors larger strangeness content the larger the vector coupling. We have confirmed that at low densities the magnetic field and the vector interaction have opposite competing effects: the first one softens the equation of state while the second hardens it. Quark stars and hybrid stars subject to an external magnetic field were also studied. Larger star masses are obtained for the flavor independent vector interaction. Hybrid stars may bare a core containing deconfined quarks if neither the vector interaction nor the magnetic field are too strong. Also, the presence of strong magnetic fields seems to disfavor the existence of a quark core in hybrid stars.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Computational and neural mechanisms of statistical pain learning.
Creators: name: Mancini, Flavia
name: Zhang, Suyi
name: Seymour, Ben
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Article
/631/378/2620/410
/631/378/116/2396
article

description: Pain invariably changes over time. These fluctuations contain statistical regularities which, in theory, could be learned by the brain to generate expectations and control responses. We demonstrate that humans learn to extract these regularities and explicitly predict the likelihood of forthcoming pain intensities in a manner consistent with optimal Bayesian inference with dynamic update of beliefs. Healthy participants received probabilistic, volatile sequences of low and high-intensity electrical stimuli to the hand during brain fMRI. The inferred frequency of pain correlated with activity in sensorimotor cortical regions and dorsal striatum, whereas the uncertainty of these inferences was encoded in the right superior parietal cortex. Unexpected changes in stimulus frequencies drove the update of internal models by engaging premotor, prefrontal and posterior parietal regions. This study extends our understanding of sensory processing of pain to include the generation of Bayesian internal models of the temporal statistics of pain.
Spin and parity measurement of the Lambda(1405) baryon
Creators: name: Moriya, Kei
name: Schumacher, Reinhard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A determination of the spin and parity of the $Λ(1405)$ is presented using photoproduction data from the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. The reaction $γ+ p \to K^+ + Λ(1405)$ is analyzed in the decay channel $Λ(1405) \to Σ^+ + π^-$, where the decay distribution to $Σ^+ π^-$ and the variation of the $Σ^+$ polarization with respect to the $Λ(1405)$ polarization direction determines the parity. The $Λ(1405)$ is produced, in the energy range $2.55 < W < 2.85$ GeV and for $0.6 < \cos θ_{K^+} < 0.9$, with polarization $P = 0.45 \pm 0.02 (\text{stat}) \pm 0.07 (\text{syst})$. The analysis shows that the decays are in $S$ wave, with the $Σ^+$ polarized such that the $Λ(1405)$ has spin-parity $J^P = 1/2^-$, as expected by most theories.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett
Providing sexual health services in England: meeting the needs of young people
Creators: name: Kane, Ros
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023
Subjects: A990 - Medicine & dentistry not elsewhere classified
B700 - Nursing
B710 - Community nursing
X990 - Education not elsewhere classified

description: ABSTRACTThere is an on-going debate among health professionals, policy-makers and politicians, as to the optimal way of delivering sexual health services to young people. There is as yet, no consensus on their best patterns of organisation or configuration.This study uses qualitative and quantitative research methods, to explore both the views of young people accessing sexual health services, expressed through in-depth interview, and variations in client satisfaction with different characteristics of service delivery, expressed through completion of a questionnaire. The key research questions are:? How does young people’s satisfaction with sexual health services vary with the age-dedication of the service; that is, whether it serves young people only, or all ages? ? How does young people’s satisfaction with sexual health services vary with the integration of the service; that is, whether family planning and genito-urinary services are offered separately, or together?? How does young people’s satisfaction with sexual health services vary with the location of the service; that is, in community or hospital based services?In the qualitative component, in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 young people recruited from a purposively selected sample of young people’s services. In the survey, a total sample of 1166 was achieved. Of these, 36% were attending an integrated contraceptive and STI service and 64% were attending a more traditional ‘separate’ service. 48% attended a service dedicated to young people and 52% an all-age service. 50% attended a hospital-based service and 50% a service located in the community. Of the total sample, 22% were male and 78% female.The analysis has been done not on a comparison of services in their entirety, but on a comparison of key features of their organisation, that is, whether they are provided separately as contraceptive and STI sessions or services, or whether these aspects of sexual health provision are integrated in sessions or services (integration); on whether they are run exclusively for young people or for all ages (dedication); and on whether they are located in the community or in a hospital setting (location). Recommendations are made for future service development and delivery and implications for policy are discussed.
title: Feedback am Ende einer OSCE-Prüfung – Erfahrungen, Grenzen und Möglichkeiten
Creators: name: Boldt, Sophia
name: Schimpf, Axel
name: Schultz, Jobst-Hendrik
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung/Zielsetzung: Der Nutzen und die Nachhaltigkeit von Feedback im Zusammenhang mit einem OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) ist in verschiedenen Arbeiten untersucht [ref:1]. Um eine mögliche Beeinträchtigung der Studierenden durch eine Feedbackgabe im[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)
Deep long period seismicity preceding and during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption, Iceland
Creators: name: Greenfield, T
name: Winder, T
name: Rawlinson, N
name: Maclennan, J
name: White, RS
name: Ágústsdóttir, T
name: Bacon, CA
name: Brandsdóttir, B
name: Eibl, EPS
name: Glastonbury-Southern, E
name: Gudnason, EÁ
name: Hersir, GP
name: Horálek, J
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Research Article
Low intensity basalt eruptions: the 2021 Geldingadalir and 2022 Meradalir eruptions of the Fagradalsfjall Fires, SW Iceland
Deep long-period earthquakes
Magma plumbing system
Iceland
Reykjanes
Low-frequency
Fagradalsfjall

description: AbstractWe use a dense seismic network on the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, to image a group of earthquakes at 10–12 km depth, 2 km north-east of 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption site. These deep earthquakes have a lower frequency content compared to earthquakes located in the upper, brittle crust and are similar to deep long period (DLP) seismicity observed at other volcanoes in Iceland and around the world. We observed several swarms of DLP earthquakes between the start of the study period (June 2020) and the initiation of the 3-week-long dyke intrusion that preceded the eruption in March 2021. During the eruption, DLP earthquake swarms returned 1 km SW of their original location during periods when the discharge rate or fountaining style of the eruption changed. The DLP seismicity is therefore likely to be linked to the magma plumbing system beneath Fagradalsfjall. However, the DLP seismicity occurred ~ 5 km shallower than where petrological modelling places the near-Moho magma storage region in which the Fagradalsfjall lava was stored. We suggest that the DLP seismicity was triggered by the exsolution of CO2-rich fluids or the movement of magma at a barrier to the transport of melt in the lower crust. Increased flux through the magma plumbing system during the eruption likely adds to the complexity of the melt migration process, thus causing further DLP seismicity, despite a contemporaneous magma channel to the surface.
Cyber Threat Intelligence in Aerospace and Aviation Control Systems.pdf
Creators: name: Rahman, S M Aminur
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: System and network security

description: This paper will give an overview of industrial control system security, with a threat picture drawn from the aerospace and aviation industries. The incident is linked to APT 33 and APT 41, both of which will be discussed in this study. We'll compare the current framework to ISA and ISO standards, as well as provide a fast review of threat actors, attack surface, current risk, and vulnerabilities. We'll go over numerous occurrences in detail, along with the APT groups that correspond to them, to show our point of view. Before providing a recommendation, the ISA examines theoretical protection and mitigation methods.
title: Erste Ergebnisse aus dem ReBel-Projekt zu Auswirkungen des Mentoring-Programms im Medizinstudium
Creators: name: Zupanic, Michaela
name: Büssing, Arndt
name: Ehlers, Jan P.
name: Taetz-Harrer, Angelika
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung/Zielsetzung: Bereits im Medizinstudium besteht für Studierende eine höhere Gefährdung hinsichtlich Depression und Burnout [ref:1]. Doch für eine gute Qualität in der Krankenversorgung ist sowohl die physische wie auch psychische Gesundheit der Ärzte*innen[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)
CTRLStruct: Dialogue Structure Learning for Open-Domain Response Generation
Creators: name: Yin, Congchi
name: Li, Piji
name: Ren, Zhaochun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dialogue structure discovery is essential in dialogue generation. Well-structured topic flow can leverage background information and predict future topics to help generate controllable and explainable responses. However, most previous work focused on dialogue structure learning in task-oriented dialogue other than open-domain dialogue which is more complicated and challenging. In this paper, we present a new framework CTRLStruct for dialogue structure learning to effectively explore topic-level dialogue clusters as well as their transitions with unlabelled information. Precisely, dialogue utterances encoded by bi-directional Transformer are further trained through a special designed contrastive learning task to improve representation. Then we perform clustering to utterance-level representations and form topic-level clusters that can be considered as vertices in dialogue structure graph. The edges in the graph indicating transition probability between vertices are calculated by mimicking expert behavior in datasets. Finally, dialogue structure graph is integrated into dialogue model to perform controlled response generation. Experiments on two popular open-domain dialogue datasets show our model can generate more coherent responses compared to some excellent dialogue models, as well as outperform some typical sentence embedding methods in dialogue utterance representation. Code is available in GitHub.
description: 12 pages, to be published in The Web Conference 2023
Molecular mechanism of Afadin substrate recruitment to the receptor phosphatase PTPRK via its pseudophosphatase domain.
Creators: name: Hay, Iain M
name: Mulholland, Katie E
name: Lai, Tiffany
name: Graham, Stephen C
name: Sharpe, Hayley J
name: Deane, Janet E
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Research Advance
Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
Cell Biology
phosphatase
enzyme-substrate
cell adhesion
protein complex
Human

description: Peer reviewed: True
description: Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type kappa (PTPRK) is a transmembrane receptor that links extracellular homophilic interactions to intracellular catalytic activity. Previously we showed that PTPRK promotes cell-cell adhesion by selectively dephosphorylating several cell junction regulators including the protein Afadin (Fearnley et al, 2019). Here, we demonstrate that Afadin is recruited for dephosphorylation by directly binding to the PTPRK D2 pseudophosphatase domain. We mapped this interaction to a putative coiled coil (CC) domain in Afadin that is separated by more than 100 amino acids from the substrate pTyr residue. We identify the residues that define PTP specificity, explaining how Afadin is selectively dephosphorylated by PTPRK yet not by the closely related receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTPRM. Our work demonstrates that PTP substrate specificity can be determined by protein-protein interactions distal to the active site. This explains how PTPRK and other PTPs achieve substrate specificity despite a lack of specific sequence context at the substrate pTyr. Furthermore, by demonstrating that these interactions are phosphorylation-independent and mediated via binding to a non-catalytic domain, we highlight how receptor PTPs could function as intracellular scaffolds in addition to catalyzing protein dephosphorylation.
Name: A Naming Mechanism for Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Network
Creators: name: Wang, Songyang
name: Ma, Ruyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the design and implementation of the naming mechanism (NAME), a resource discovery and service location approach for Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Network (DTN). First discuss the architecture of NAME mainly including Name Knowledge Base, Name Dissemination, Name Resolution and Name-based Routing. In the design and implementation of NAME, we introduce the simple namespecifiers to describe name, the name-tree for name storage and the efficient predicate-based routing algorithm. Future work is finally discussed for completing NAME and providing APIs for abundant applications.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Evaluating cognitive disturbances as treatment target and predictor of antidepressant action in major depressive disorder: A NeuroPharm study.
Creators: name: Dam, Vibeke Høyrup
name: Stenbæk, Dea Siggaard
name: Köhler-Forsberg, Kristin
name: Ip, Cheng
name: Ozenne, Brice
name: Sahakian, Barbara Jacquelyn
name: Knudsen, Gitte Moos
name: Jørgensen, Martin Balslev
name: Frokjaer, Vibe Gedsoe
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Article
/692/699/476/1414
/692/53/2423
article

description: Cognitive disturbances in major depressive disorder (MDD) constitute a critical treatment target and hold promise as an early predictor of antidepressant treatment response; yet their clinical relevance is not fully established. Therefore, we here investigate if (1) cognitive performance improves over the course of antidepressant treatment and (2) cognitive performance at baseline is predictive of antidepressant treatment response. In the NeuroPharm study (clinical trial id: NCT02869035), 92 antidepressant-free patients with a moderate to severe depressive episode were assessed with a comprehensive cognitive test battery including both cold (emotion-independent) and hot (emotion-dependent) tasks. Patients were tested before and after 12 weeks of standard antidepressant treatment with escitalopram in flexible doses of 10-20 mg. Performance improved across most cognitive domains over the course of antidepressant treatment. Notably, these improvements were independent of improvement in mood symptoms, emphasizing that cognitive disturbances are a distinct symptom and therefore treatment target in MDD. Results did not suggest that performance on any single cognitive measure at baseline was associated with later clinical response to antidepressant treatment. However, a small cluster of patients (N = 28) with globally disturbed cognition at baseline exhibited poorer clinical response after 8 but not 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment, suggesting that severe cognitive disturbances may delay treatment response. Thus, while pretreatment cognitive performance on individual tests may not be useful as clinical markers of treatment response, profiles capturing performance across different cognitive domains may be useful for stratification of patients with MDD and could be helpful in future intervention trials.
Structure learning enhances concept formation in synthetic Active Inference agents.
Creators: name: Neacsu, Victorita
name: Mirza, M Berk
name: Adams, Rick A
name: Friston, Karl J
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods
subject: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Acknowledgements: Special thanks to Thomas Parr for our virtual conversations about Active Inference.
description: Humans display astonishing skill in learning about the environment in which they operate. They assimilate a rich set of affordances and interrelations among different elements in particular contexts, and form flexible abstractions (i.e., concepts) that can be generalised and leveraged with ease. To capture these abilities, we present a deep hierarchical Active Inference model of goal-directed behaviour, and the accompanying belief update schemes implied by maximising model evidence. Using simulations, we elucidate the potential mechanisms that underlie and influence concept learning in a spatial foraging task. We show that the representations formed-as a result of foraging-reflect environmental structure in a way that is enhanced and nuanced by Bayesian model reduction, a special case of structure learning that typifies learning in the absence of new evidence. Synthetic agents learn associations and form concepts about environmental context and configuration as a result of inferential, parametric learning, and structure learning processes-three processes that can produce a diversity of beliefs and belief structures. Furthermore, the ensuing representations reflect symmetries for environments with identical configurations.
title: Qualitätszirkel Lehre Allgemeinmedizin: Netzwerk, Qualitätsmanagement oder zertifizierte Fortbildung?
Creators: name: Heßbrügge, Martina
name: Drexler, Julia
name: Maysami, Mahmoud
name: Nemitz, Ute
name: Schalm, Vera
name: Fobbe, Gabriele
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung/Zielsetzung: Das Institut für Allgemeinmedizin (IFAM) Essen bietet seit 2016 einen QZ Lehre an. Eingeladen sind interessierte PJ-Lehrärzte, unter Moderation Fragen der täglichen Lehrpraxis zu diskutieren, Lehrmaterial zu erarbeiten und innovative Lehrformate zu etablieren.[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)
Single-walled carbon nanotube modelling based on one- and two-dimensional Cosserat continua
Creators: name: Zhang, Yu
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023
Subjects: H142 - Solid mechanics

description: This research aims to study the mechanical properties of single-walled carbonnanotubes. In order to overcome the difficulties of spanning multi-scales fromatomistic field to macroscopic space, the Cauchy-Born rule is applied to link thedeformation of atom lattice vectors at the atomic level with the materialdeformation in a macro continuum level. Single-walled carbon nanotubes aremodelled as Cosserat surfaces, and modified shell theory is adopted where adisplacement field-independent rotation tensor is introduced, which describes therotation of the inner structure of the surface, i.e. micro-rotation. Empiricalinteratomic potentials are applied so that stress fields and modulus fields can becomputed by the derivations of potential forms from displacement fields androtation fields. A finite element approach is implemented. Results of simulationsfor single-walled carbon nanotubes under stretching, bending, compression andtorsion are presented. In addition, Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio for graphitesheet and critical buckling strains for single-walled carbon nanotubes arepredicted in this research.
title: Quality is a never ending story – QM-Lehre in der Allgemeinmedizin
Creators: name: Drexler, Julia
name: Fobbe, Gabriele
name: Hamacher, Sandra
name: Römer, Hermann Caspar
name: Heßbrügge, Martina
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Lernziel: Die Teilnehmenden können am Ende des Workshops eine Lehrveranstaltung in ihr standortbezogenes QM einordnen (siehe Abbildung 1 [img:Bild 1]). Ablauf der Veranstaltung mit Zeitplan inkl. eingesetzter didaktischer Methoden: Brainstorming Impulsreferat Kleingruppenarbeit[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)
Exact Solution of a Master Equation Applied to the Two Level System of an Atom
Creators: name: Fujii, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we discuss a master equation applied to the two level system of an atom and derive an exact solution to it in an abstract manner. We also present a problem and a conjecture based on the three level system. Our results may give a small hint to understand the huge transition from Quantum World to Classical World. To the best of our knowledge this is the finest method up to the present.
description: Latex, 23 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1304.1591
Connecting Dream Networks Across Cultures
Creators: name: Varol, Onur
name: Menczer, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many species dream, yet there remain many open research questions in the study of dreams. The symbolism of dreams and their interpretation is present in cultures throughout history. Analysis of online data sources for dream interpretation using network science leads to understanding symbolism in dreams and their associated meaning. In this study, we introduce dream interpretation networks for English, Chinese and Arabic that represent different cultures from various parts of the world. We analyze communities in these networks, finding that symbols within a community are semantically related. The central nodes in communities give insight about cultures and symbols in dreams. The community structure of different networks highlights cultural similarities and differences. Interconnections between different networks are also identified by translating symbols from different languages into English. Structural correlations across networks point out relationships between cultures. Similarities between network communities are also investigated by analysis of sentiment in symbol interpretations. We find that interpretations within a community tend to have similar sentiment. Furthermore, we cluster communities based on their sentiment, yielding three main categories of positive, negative, and neutral dream symbols.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
title: Logbücher als Lerninstrumente – ein systematisches/r Literaturreview
Creators: name: Desch, Inga Hilke
name: Zimmermann, Luise
name: Liebnau, Julia
name: Hoffmann, Kristina
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund und Ziel: Logbücher sind weltweit ein integraler Bestandteil in der medizinischen Ausbildung [ref:1]. Insbesondere bei Hospitationen, Famulaturen und Praktika sollen Logbücher helfen, die Ausbildung zu strukturieren sowie den Lehrärzten/innen und Studierenden[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)
Spectral edge mode in interacting one-dimensional systems
Creators: name: Tsyplyatyev, O.
name: Schofield, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A continuum of excitations in interacting one-dimensional systems is bounded from below by a spectral edge that marks the lowest possible excitation energy for a given momentum. We analyse short-range interactions between Fermi particles and between Bose particles (with and without spin) using Bethe-Ansatz techniques and find that the dispersions of the corresponding spectral edge modes are close to a parabola in all cases. Based on this emergent phenomenon we propose an empirical model of a free, non-relativistic particle with an effective mass identified at low energies as the bare electron mass renormalised by the dimensionless Luttinger parameter $K$ (or $K_σ$ for particles with spin). The relevance of the Luttinger parameters beyond the low energy limit provides a more robust method for extracting them experimentally using a much wide range of data from the bottom of the one-dimensional band to the Fermi energy. The empirical model of the spectral edge mode complements the mobile impurity model to give a description of the excitations in proximity of the edge at arbitrary momenta in terms of only the low energy parameters and the bare electron mass. Within such a framework, for example, exponents of the spectral function are expressed explicitly in terms of only a few Luttinger parameters.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Clinical prospects of WRN inhibition as a treatment for MSI tumours.
Creators: name: Morales-Juarez, David A
name: Jackson, Stephen P
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Perspective
/631/67/1059/602
/631/67/1059/153
/631/67/1059
/631/154/53
/631/67/1059/2326
perspective

description: Funder: ERC Synergy grant DDREAMM (855741)
description: Funder: CONACyT Cambridge Scholarship and additional support from a gift from La Fondation ARC (to SPJ)
description: The discovery of synthetic lethal interactions with genetic deficiencies in cancers has highlighted several candidate targets for drug development, with variable clinical success. Recent work has unveiled a promising synthetic lethal interaction between inactivation/inhibition of the WRN DNA helicase and tumours with microsatellite instability, a phenotype that arises from DNA mismatch repair deficiency. While these and further studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of WRN inhibitors, compounds with properties suitable for clinical exploitation remain to be described. Furthermore, the complexities of MSI development and its relationship to cancer evolution pose challenges for clinical prospects. Here, we discuss possible paths of MSI tumour development, the viability of WRN inhibition as a strategy in different scenarios, and the necessary conditions to create a roadmap towards successful implementation of WRN inhibitors in the clinic.
How does technological development and adoption occur In the media? A cultural determinist model
Creators: name: Winston, Brian
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023
Subjects: P300 - Media studies

description: The thesis hereby submitted, ‘How Does Technological Development And Adoption Occur In The Media? A Cultural Determinist Model’ was originally published in Media Technology and Society A History: from the telegraph to the Internet (London: Routledge 1998) and Technologies of Seeing: Photography, Cinematography and Television (London: British Film Institute 1996). The argument outlined in those two books is further supported and updated by six other texts published between 1995 and 2005 on the same topic. Media Technology and Society A History: from the telegraph to the Internet deals with the development of electrical and electronic mass media proposing a model for the nature of such developments. It is a final iteration of an approach to this history which has its origins in work first begun in the 1970s. Technologies of Seeing: Photography, Cinematography and Television applies the same model to photographic and cinematographic technologies. The thesis argues that all these media developments can only be understood in a social context; that they are to be understood as examples of what has become known as ‘socially shaped technology’ (or, in terms of the thesis, ‘cultural determinism’). This is contrary to the received dominant view that technology itself is the driver determining social formation – termed the ‘technological determinist’, ‘technicist’ or ‘diffusion theory’ approach. In rejecting technicism, ‘How Does Technological Development And Adoption Occur In The Media? A Cultural Determinist Model’ proposes instead an original, pioneering contribution to a revisionist cultural determinist/SST historiography as well as outlining a model to explicate at a theoretical level how such innovations and adoptions occur.
Zinc abundances of planetary nebulae
Creators: name: Smith, Christina L.
name: Zijlstra, Albert A.
name: Dinerstein, Harriet L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zinc is a useful surrogate element for measuring Fe/H as, unlike iron, it is not depleted in the gas phase media. Zn/H and O/Zn ratios have been derived using the [Zn IV] emission line at 3.625um for a sample of nine Galactic planetary nebulae, seven of which are based upon new observations using the VLT. Based on photoionization models, O/O++ is the most reliable ionisation correction factor for zinc that can readily be determined from optical emission lines, with an estimated accuracy of 10% or better for all targets in our sample. The majority of the sample is found to be sub-solar in [Zn/H]. [O/Zn] in half of the sample is found to be consistent with Solar within uncertainties, whereas the remaining half are enhanced in [O/Zn]. [Zn/H] and [O/Zn] as functions of Galactocentric distance have been investigated and there is little evidence to support a trend in either case.
description: Accepted MNRAS, 11 pages, 8 figures
title: Engagement in der Gemeinde – Service Learning im Medizinstudium
Creators: name: Fischbeck, Sabine Ingrid
name: Stommel, Renee Regirat
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Lernziel: Ziel des Workshops ist es, Dozierenden eine Übersicht über Konzeption und Nutzen des Service Learning sowie entsprechender Beispiele für den Einsatz im Medizinstudium zu geben. Darüber hinaus werden die Teilnehmer angeregt, für Ihren Arbeitsbereich Ideen zu entwickeln,[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)
Development of a Quasi-Periodic Undulator for the HLS
Creators: name: Yang, Yufeng
name: Lu, Huihua
name: Chen, Wan
name: Jia, Qika
name: Sun, Shuchen
name: Li, Zhiqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: China's first quasi-periodic undulator (QPU) has been developed for the Hefei Light Source (HLS). It uses a magnetic configuration with varied thicknesses of NdFeB blocks, based on the QPU of European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). Depression of 3rd harmonic radiation is significantly improved over the ESRF QPU, as deduced from the measured magnetic fields. A method of configuring shims of different geometries and sizes, based on a symmetric principle to correct multi-pole field integrals, was demonstrated.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Transverse Oscillations of the M87 Jet Revealed by KaVA Observations
Creators: name: Ro, Hyunwook
name: Yi, Kunwoo
name: Cui, Yuzhu
name: Kino, Motoki
name: Hada, Kazuhiro
name: Kawashima, Tomohisa
name: Mizuno, Yosuke
name: Sohn, Bong Won
name: Tazaki, Fumie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent VLBI monitoring has found transverse motions of the M87 jet. However, due to the limited cadence of previous observations, details of the transverse motion have not been fully revealed yet. We have regularly monitored the M87 jet at KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) 22 GHz from December 2013 to June 2016. The average time interval of the observation is ~ 0.1 year, which is suitable for tracking short-term structural changes. From these observations, the M87 jet is well represented by double ridge lines in the region 2 - 12 mas from the core. We found that the ridge lines exhibit transverse oscillations in all observed regions with an average period of $0.94\pm0.12$ years. When the sinusoidal fit is performed, we found that the amplitude of this oscillation is an order of $\sim0.1$ mas, and the oscillations in the northern and southern limbs are almost in phase. Considering the amplitude, it does not originate from Earth's parallax. We propose possible scenarios of the transverse oscillation, such as the propagation of jet instabilities or magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) waves or perturbed mass injection around magnetically dominated accretion flows.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures. Contribution to the Galaxies Special Issue "Challenges in Understanding Black Hole Powered Jets with VLBI"