Qinococcus podocarpus Wu &amp; Xu &amp; Zheng 2022, sp. n.
Creators: name: Wu, San-An
name: Xu, Han
name: Zheng, Xinyi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Margarodidae
Qinococcus
Qinococcus podocarpus

description: <i>Qinococcus podocarpus</i> Wu, sp. n. <i>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: E51A3C23-7BD5-4DF7-8825-1E92621A0E71</i> <b>Material examined.</b> <b>Holotype</b> adult female. CHINA / Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region / Beihai City / Haicheng District / Malan village (21º 50´N, 109º 10´E), under the bark of <i>Podocarpus macrophyllus</i> (Podocarpaceae), 26 December, 2020, collected by Wenquan Zhen. Mounted singly on a slide. <b>Paratypes</b>. All the same data as for holotype, except for the first-instar nymphs hatched in the laboratory on 28.ii.2021, and third-instar male nymphs collected from the type locality by San-an Wu on 19.xii.2021: 9 adult females on 6 slides, 3 adult males mounted singly, 9 first-instar nymphs on 3 slides, 6 second-instar male nymphs on 2 slides, 6 second-instar female nymphs on 2 slides, 6 third-instar female nymphs on 2 slides, and 3 third-instar male nymphs mounted singly and 4 pupal exuviae mounted together on 1 slide. <b>Other, non-type material examined</b>. Substandard slide mounts in use at forestry protection stations: 10 adult females on 7 slides; and 1 second-instar and 1 embryo of third-instar male nymphs mounted together on 1 slide, collection data same as holotype. <b>Etymology</b>. The specific name <i>podocarpus</i> is based on the generic name of the insect’s host plant, and is a masculine noun in apposition. <b>Adult female</b> (Figs 2 and 10). <b>Unmounted material</b>. Body tadpole-like, with prosoma ovoid and abdomen narrow; dorsum convex and venter flat; derm membranous except at posterior end; body yellowish except posterior several segments reddish; mouthparts and spiracles black; antennae and legs highly reduced; body surrounded by white wax. Located under bark of host plant. <b>Slide-mounted material</b> (n=10). Body tadpole-like, with prosoma swollen and abdomen narrow, 5.5–9.3 mm long, 2.8–4.2 mm wide. Antennae highly reduced, plate-like, each bearing 5 or 6 setae. Mouthparts present, labium short conical, 1-segmented; stylets as long as or longer than body. Legs almost absent, each only represented by 2 flagellate and 2 hair-like setae. Thoracic spiracles each with a sclerotized bar and atrium with a group of about 40 multilocular disc pores at inner end. Abdominal spiracles present in segmental pairs on anterior-most 5 abdominal segments (I–V), each spiracle smaller than a thoracic spiracle, also with a group of about 30 multilocular pores within atrium. Anal opening dorsal, located asymmetrically near one margin of segment IX, with an incomplete, sclerotized semi-circular anal ring without any pores or setae. Venter of abdominal segment I developed. Vulva longitudinally slit-like, situated on the anterior part of venter of abdominal segment VIII, surrounded by 3 apodemes arranged in a triangle. Tubular ducts absent. <i>Dorsum.</i> Disc pores present of 4 types: a large simple pore, and 3 types of multilocular pore. (i) Large simple pores, each 12.5–15.0 µm in diameter, present in 2 groups on head, each containing 16–20 pores. (ii) Elongate multilocular pores, each 12.0 µm long and 10.0 µm wide with 2 central and 14 outer loculi, present on head together with large simple pores in groups, also on one margin (on the side without the anus) of abdominal segments I‒ V. (iii) Circular multilocular pores, each 10.0–12.0 µm in diameter with 6 central and 14 outer loculi, few on last abdominal segment. (iv) Circular multilocular pores, each about 12 µm in diameter with 3 central pores in triangle and 6 outer pores in pairs; densely present on last abdominal segment. Setae of 2 types: small spines, each about 8.0 µm long, few on margin of abdomen; and flagellate setae, each 20.0–35.0 µm long, sparsely present on abdomen, more numerous towards posterior end. <i>Venter.</i> Disc pores present of 4 types: a small simple pore and 3 types of multilocular pore. (i) Small disc pores, each about 6 µm in diameter, few, with 3–5 pores near each posterior thoracic spiracle and each abdominal spiracle. (ii) Circular multilocular pores, each 10.0–13.0 µm in diameter with 4–7 (normally 6) central and 14 outer loculi, present in groups around spiracles and within each spiracular atrium on thorax and abdominal segments I– V; also forming 2 short longitudinal bands from prothorax to abdominal segment I, 2 groups on same segment connected to each other on the anterior part of each of segments III– V. These pores distributed asymmetrically on segments II – VII; on segments II – V, number of pores on the area outside spiracle on same side as (the dorsal) anus fewer than that on equivalent area on the other side; on segments VI and VII, pores forming a longitudinal band on margin only on the side without (the dorsal) anus. (iii) Oval multilocular pores each with 2 central loculi, same as on dorsum, few on medial area of head, thorax and abdominal segment I, but numerous on segments II – VII. On segment II, they form groups (2 marginal and 1 medial); on segments III– V, they form transverse rows posterior to type (ii) pore bands; and on segments VII – VIII, they form transverse bands across most of each segment. (iv) Circular multilocular pores, each with 3 central pores in a triangle and 6 outer pores in pairs, same as on dorsum; densely present on posteriormost segment. Setae of 2 types: small spines, each about 8.0 µm long, present mainly on areas around thoracic spiracles; and flagellate setae, each 25.0–55.0 µm long, distributed mainly on head and abdomen, denser on posteriormost segment. <b>Adult male</b> (Figs 3 and 11). <b>Unmounted material</b>. Body more-or-less cylindrical, with abdomen slightly depressed, about 2.0 mm long. Wing span about 4.0 mm. Membranous parts of body yellowish, sclerotized parts brown. Head broad but strongly constricted posteriorly. Antenna typical filiform, very long, 10-segmented; proximal 2 segments shorter and stout, segments III–X each cylindrical, long and slender, decreasing gradually in length distally from III, apical segment shortest. Compound eyes large, black. Wings each large and broad, smoky in color with brown costal complex and a yellow pterostigma. Legs slender. Abdomen 8-segmented, segments VI and VII each bearing a dorsal tuft of long waxy filaments, these variable in length, longest nearly as long as the whole body. <b>Slide-mounted material</b> (n=3). Body about 1.9–2.2 mm long, 0.4 mm wide across prealare; short spines, mostly about 5.0–7.5 µm long, numerous: loculate pores, each with 3–5 loculi and about 5.5 µm in diameter, few, present on sub-median area of abdominal dorsum. Antennae each long, flagellar segments all quite narrow, parallelsided, successively decreasing in length towards apex. Sclerotized areas of body without nodulations. Legs well developed and setose; no setae apparently bifurcate; tarsi each 2-segmented; each claw with 2 minute denticles; claw digitules acute. Abdominal segment I not visible ventrally; abdomen with tubular ducts and simple pores on tergites VI and VII; penial sheath situated more or less terminally. <i>Head</i> approximately triangular in dorsal view, length about 0.28 mm, width across compound eyes about 0.4 mm. <i>Dorsum</i>: postoccipital suture well developed, extending across posterior part of epicranium; postocciput absent. Midcranial ridge lacking. Most of medial part of epicranium sclerotized, irregular diamond-like, fusing with postoccipital suture posteriorly, becoming membranous laterally. Dorsal epicranium covered in 50–58 short spines. <i>Laterally</i>: compound eyes(cde) each about 0.16 mm long, with about 82–90 ommatidia. A narrow, sclerotized ocular sclerite present along dorsal and posterior margins of each compound eye, each with a single dorsal ocellus (o) situated close to postoccipital suture (pos), each ocellus about 25 µm wide. <i>Venter</i>: with a strongly sclerotized series of ridges forming a five-sided box, composed of: (i) a pair of antennal sclerites (ridges) anteriorly and laterally, fusing posteriorly with (ii) a pair of ocular sclerites and (iii) a pair of preoral ridges, probably articulating with a pair of small ventral sclerites laterally. Ventral part of epicranium sclerotized, with about 23–36 setae and no pores; area posterior to preoral ridges weakly sclerotized. Ventral sclerites present just posterior to each compound eye. Mouth not detected. <i>Antennae</i> each 10-segmented, 2.0– 2.15 mm long, ratio of total body length to antennal length 1: 0.83–0.86. Segment measurements (µm): scape 85.0–87.5 long, 90–95 wide, broadly sclerotized on inner (or ventral) side and narrowly sclerotized on outer (or dorsal) side, with many short setae; pedicel 85–90 long and 70–75 wide, with many short setae and 1 campaniform sensillum on dorsal surface; segments III–IX of flagellum each parallel-sided, each about 83 µm wide, segments becoming successively shorter towards apex, lengths: III, 150–160; IV, 235–245; V, 255–260; VI, 250–260; VII, 250–260; VIII, 210–220; IX, 170–175 and X, 160–165. Each antennal segment with many long hair-like setae, segment III also with 3 bristles, each bristle thick with a blunt tip. <i> <i>Thorax</i>.</i> <b>Prothorax</b>: neck distinct but broad. <i>Dorsum</i> with a strong pronotal ridge (prnr) extending uninterrupted across hind part of neck, articulating ventrally with cervical sclerite; pronotal ridge widening slightly medially on dorsum. Post-tergite (pt), an inverted “ <b>π”-</b> like sclerite, with a pair of arms extending anteriorly, each about 200 µm long, with anterior sclerotization appearing similar to an apophysis and posterior sclerotization slightly larger; transverse part about 380 µm wide, with two terminals broadened and weakly sclerotized, middle also weakly sclerotized, almost interrupted. <i>Laterally</i> with a pair of strong cervical sclerites of complicated structure, each articulated anteriorly with both posterior ventral sclerite and preoral ridge. <i>Venter:</i> prosternum with well-sclerotised median ridge about 270 µm long, which broadens anteriorly, and with an indistinct sternal apophyses posteriorly. Most membranous areas with short setae. <b>Mesothorax</b>: <i>Dorsum:</i> Prescutum (prsc) large and approximately oval (about 115 µm long and 240 µm wide); mesoprephragma narrow; prescutal ridges short; prescutal sutures much less sclerotized than prescutum. Scutum (sct) sclerotized throughout: distance from prescutum to scutellum about 135 µm; with 16–20 setae on each side medially. Scutellum (scl) triangular (about 150 µm long and 280 µm wide) with a middle conic projection on posterior margin; without membranous areas laterally. Immediately posterior to scutellum is a large, membranous area, bordered posteriorly by sclerotized mesopostnotum, which is broadly U-shaped, each arm very strongly sclerotized, extending anteriorly to articulate with the mesopleural ridge. Posteriorly, mesopostnotum extends internally under metathoracic metapostnotum, forming a large mesopostphragma, with a pair of comparatively long sclerotized mesopostnotal apophyses antero-laterally. <i>Laterally:</i> prealare elongate; tegula sclerite well developed, circular. Mesothoracic spiracles normal, outer part of peritreme about 30 µm wide, with no pores in atrium. <i>Venter:</i> basisternum (stn) large, about 230 µm long and 345 µm wide, without a distinct median ridge; bounded anteriorly by well-developed marginal ridge and posteriorly by well-developed precoxal ridges; basisternal setae forming a large medial group of 50–56 setae and 2 small lateral groups each with 11–14 setae; furca (f) nearly quadrate, slightly waisted, large, about 70 µm long, with long arms (each about 95 µm long) that diverge strongly. <b>Metathorax</b>: <i>Dorsum:</i> metapostnotum large, extending across full width of segment, bearing a group of about 18 setae and 2 pores. <i>Laterally:</i> suspensorial sclerites probably absent. Pleural ridge well developed; precoxal ridge well developed and extending medio-ventrally. Posterior spiracles similar in structure to anterior spiracles, each about 25 µm wide. <i>Venter:</i> metasternum with a small area of sclerotization medially, nearly rectangular in shape but concave laterally, with 2 large sclerotized apophyses anterolaterally; with a large group of about 60 spines on posterior area. <i> <i>Wings</i>.</i> Fore wings quite large and well developed, each 1.8–1.9 mm long and 0.85–0.90 mm wide; ratio of length to width 1: 0.46–0.47; ratio of total body length to wing length 1: 0.76–0.78. Subcostal ridge (scr) well developed, composed distinctly of 2 veins, with 13–17 circular sensoria on distal half of posterior vein; wing anterior to Scr well sclerotized proximally, with a club-shaped pterostigma (ptst) at wing apex; alar lobe represented by a sclerotized fold along proximal posterior margin. Rest of wing membranous; radial sector (Rs) weak, in a clear line; cubital ridge (cur) originates from scr at about 1/6 wing length and runs obliquely to posterior wing margin; anterior flexing patch (afx) in clear lines, branched at middle; posterior flexing patch (pfx) originates from wing base and runs obliquely to posterior wing margin, and a clear line more, nearly parallel with cur, situated between scr and pfx. Hind wings leaflike, bilobate apically, each weakly sclerotized centrally and membranous marginally, about 125 µm long and 60 µm wide, with 2 or 3 hamuli at tip, each hamulus highly curved and with an acute apex. <i>Legs</i> long and slender, all 3 pairs almost equally long (lengths in µm): coxa 110–115, trochanter + femur 310– 330, tibia 330–350, tarsus 170–180 and claw 60–70. Trochanters each with 2 round campaniform sensilla on each surface; tibiae each distally with 5–7 long setae with clavate apices. Tarsi each 2-segmented, proximal segment very short and triangular; claws each broad, with 2 denticles and a pair of fine setose digitules. <i>Abdomen</i> without caudal extensions; excluding genital segments, 8-segmented, each segment with a transverse tergite covering entire depth of segment, except for segments VI and VII each with tergite covering only about anterior half. Sternites present across all segments, each sternite covering almost full depth of segment. Dorsal abdominal setae rather less frequent than ventral abdominal setae. Loculate pores restricted to dorsum, 1 or 2 pairs on margin of each segment on membranous area posterior to tergite. Segments VI and VII each with large dorsal tubular ducts more-or-less forming 1 or 2 rows on posterior half of segment, each duct about 22.0 µm long and 5.5 µm wide, with 6 or 8 longitudinal internal ridges, giving duct a striped appearance; with about 10–20 ducts on segment VI and 10–22 on segment VII, plus some simple disc pores among ducts, each pore about 3 µm in diameter. Pleural setae divided into dorsal and ventral groups, each group containing 1–7 setae. Abdominal spiracles not detectable. Anal opening about 8 µm in diameter, situated dorso-medially near base of penial sheath. Penial sheath sclerotized, extending posteriorly from beneath segment VIII; about 140–150 µm long, 60–65 µm wide anteriorly, narrowing to an acute apex posteriorly; with two ventral groups of 5–7 small hair-like penial sheath (ps) setae on each side. Aedeagus (aed) sclerotized, broadest at base and apex, sides concave, apex apparently not bifid, 85–95 µm long, base 30–35 µm wide; emerging from a ventral slit in penial sheath. Eversible endophallus absent. <b>Egg</b> (Fig. 12). Elongate, 0.7mm long and 0.22 mm wide, yellowish. <b>First-instar nymph</b> (crawler) (Figs 4 and 13) <b>Unmounted material</b>. Body yellow, oblong, 0.75–0.80 mm long and 0.25–0.30 mm wide. Eyes black, antennae and legs pale brown. Posterior extremity blunt, with two pairs of long caudal setae, each about 90 µm long. <b>Slide-mounted material</b> (n=9). Derm membranous. Antennae 7-segmented, each 175–185 µm long, located at apex of head; basal segment largest, followed by segments VI and VII, then II, IV and V, segment III smallest. Segment I truncated cone-like, II and V column-like, III–VI inverted truncated cone-like; segments VI and VII swollen, together forming a club. Segment II with a circular sensory pore; segment IV and V each with a sensory seta; segment VII somewhat swollen, with 3 long thin setae, 4 sensory setae and a pair of coeloconic sensilla at apex. Eyespots present. Mouthparts well developed, located between front and middle legs; labium 2-segmented; stylets very long, up to 2 or 3times body length, rolling into 5 or 6 circular loops. Legs well developed; front legs stouter and shorter than middle and hind legs. Femur broad, front femur widest; trochanter with 1 long seta and 3 sensory pores (campaniform sensilla) on each surface; tarsus with 1 sensory pore near base; claw slender, with a denticle near extremity, perhaps an additional denticle at middle, plus a pair of claw digitules, each with an expanded apex, longer than claw. Lengths (µm): front leg: coxa 32.5, trochanter +femur 87.5, tibia 22.5, tarsus 40.0, claw18.0; middle leg: coxa 30.0, trochanter + femur 75.0, tibia 32.5, tarsus 42.5, claw 22.5; hind leg: coxa 27.5, trochanter + femur 80.0, tibia 37.5, tarsus 50.0, claw 27.5. A pair of apodemal sclerotized bars on venter each originating from outer basal corner of front coxa and extending almost to antennal base; front coxa also with a pair of thin sclerotized bars between inner basal corner, angled towards front margin of mouthparts. Thoracic spiracles each with a sclerotized bar and more than 8 disc-pores in atrium; abdominal spiracles smaller, numbering 5 pairs on abdominal segments I–V, each without pores in atrium. Anal opening with a semi-circular sclerotized ring, located near apex of last dorsal segment. <i>Dorsum.</i> Disc pores of 3 types: (i) a rounded-triangular multilocular pore, about 10 µm in diameter, with 3 central loculi arranged in a triangle and 15–18 outer loculi, with 1 located near each antennal base; (ii) a circular multilocular pore, about 7.5 µm in diameter, with 1 central and 7 outer loculi, a pair present on margin of each segment; and (iii) a pair of simple pores, each 2.5 µm in diameter, on sub-margin of head. Setae hair-like, each 12–15 µm long, distributed roughly in 6 longitudinal rows. <i>Venter.</i> Abdominal segments VI and VIII each with 1 circular cicatrix on midline, these forming a single mediolongitudinal row (1 individual with a cicatrix on segment VII instead of segment VI). Disc pores of 4 types: (i) a bilocular pore, 7.0 µm long and 3.5 µm wide, present singly on either side of labium; (ii) a rounded-triangular multilocular pore with 3 central and 15–18 outer loculi, same as on dorsum, present singly beside each thoracic and abdominal spiracle and on both margins of segments VI and VII; (iii) simple pores, same as on dorsum, situated singly on sub-margins of head, and (iv) sieve-like multilocular disc pores, each 9.0 &amp;micro
description: Published as part of <i>Wu, San-An, Xu, Han &amp; Zheng, Xinyi, 2022, A new coccoid family (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) for an unusual species of scale insect on Podocarpus macrophyllus (Podocarpaceae) from southern China, pp. 543-558 in Zootaxa 5120 (4)</i> on pages 546-556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6392851