cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Modulational Instability of Dispersive PDE Models
Creators: name: Jin, Jiayin
name: Liao, Shasha
name: Lin, Zhiwu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove nonlinear modulational instability for both periodic and localized perturbations of periodic traveling waves for several dispersive PDEs, including the KDV type equations (e.g. the Whitham equation, the generalized KDV equation, the Benjamin-Ono equation), the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the BBM equation. First, the semigroup estimates required for the nonlinear proof are obtained by using the Hamiltonian structures of the linearized PDEs; Second, for KDV type equations the loss of derivative in the nonlinear term is overcome in two complementary cases: (1) for smooth nonlinear terms and general dispersive operators, we construct higher order approximation solutions and then use energy type estimates; (2) for nonlinear terms of low regularity, with some additional assumption on the dispersive operator, we use a bootstrap argument to overcome the loss of derivative.
title: Interfacial characterization of oil-water systems
Creators: name: Phillips, Makenna K.
Publisher: name: Colorado School of Mines Repository
Year: 2022

description: In the process of producing and transporting crude oil, the occurrence of flow assurance dispersions/solids (water-in-crude oil emulsions, gas hydrates, asphaltenes) can reduce and even arrest the flow of hydrocarbons. By characterizing the interface of the oil and water, the behavior of multi-phase dispersions can be analyzed. This analysis can be used to find the stability of different dispersions. This research work focused on using several oils and brines, in order to characterize oil-water interfaces at conditions similar to field conditions. By creating emulsions with the oils and brines, emulsion stability could be determined by measuring the amount of separated water and the average droplet size. Larger droplet sizes indicated less stable emulsions. The water - oil interfacial tension is used to estimate the interfacial activity of natural surfactants. In general, a lower interfacial tension indicated the presence of more interfacially active natural surfactants, and thus a higher tendency to produce stable water - in - crude oil emulsions . This high interfacial activity has strong implications towards a low gas hydrate plugging risk of oil in the field. Using this information, the strategies to reduce gas hydrate plugging problems in the oil and gas industries can be optimized to reduce the amount of chemicals used, lowering the environmental impact.
LHC phenomenology and baryogenesis in supersymmetric models with a $U(1)_R$ baryon number
Creators: name: Beauchesne, Hugues
name: Earl, Kevin
name: Gregoire, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phenomenology of a supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model with an $R$-symmetry under which $R$-charges correspond to the baryon number. This identification allows for the presence in the superpotential of the $R$-parity violating term $λ''U^c D^c D^c$ without breaking baryon number, which loosens several bounds on this operator while changing considerably the phenomenology. However, the $R$-symmetry cannot remain exact as it is at least broken by anomaly mediation. Under these conditions, we investigate the constraints coming from baryon number violating processes and flavour physics and find that, in general, they are lessened. Additionally, we examine recent ATLAS and CMS experimental searches and use these to place limits on the parameter space of the model. This is done for both stop production, which now features both pair and resonant production, and pair production of the first two generations of squarks. Finally, we study the implications this model has on baryogenesis. We find that successful baryogenesis can potentially be achieved, but only at the cost of breaking the $R$-symmetry by a significant amount.
description: 48 pages, 25 figures, references added
Assessing the role of the spatial scale in the analysis of lagoon biodiversity. A case-study on the macrobenthic fauna of the Po River Delta
Creators: name: Lasinio, Giovanna Jona
name: Pollice, Alessio
name: Marcon, Eric
name: Fano, Elisa Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The analysis of benthic assemblages is a valuable tool to describe the ecological status of transitional water ecosystems, but species are extremely sensitive and respond to both microhabitat and seasonal differences. The identification of changes in the composition of the macrobenthic community in specific microhabitats can then be used as an "early warning" for environmental changes which may affect the economic and ecological importance of lagoons, through their provision of Ecosystem Services. From a conservational point of view, the appropriate definition of the spatial aggregation level of microhabitats or local communities is of crucial importance. The main objective of this work is to assess the role of the spatial scale in the analysis of lagoon biodiversity. First, we analyze the variation in the sample coverage for alternative aggregations of the monitoring stations in three lagoons of the Po River Delta. Then, we analyze the variation of a class of entropy indices by mixed effects models, properly accounting for the fixed effects of biotic and abiotic factors and random effects ruled by nested sources of variability corresponding to alternative definitions of local communities. Finally, we address biodiversity partitioning by a generalized diversity measure, namely the Tsallis entropy, and for alternative definitions of the local communities. The main results obtained by the proposed statistical protocol are presented, discussed and framed in the ecological context.
description: Keywords: Lagoon biodiversity; Macrobenthic fauna; Tsallis entropy; Biodiversity partitioning; Mixed effects models
title: The Transference of Gender-based Norms in the Law Reform Process: A Reflection on my Work in Thailand
Creators: name: Hutchinson, Y-Vonne
Publisher: name: Querelles. Yearbook for Women’s and Gender Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: Law Reform; Refugees; Thailand; Human Rights; International Law

description: In 2008, I spent a year as a Rule of Law specialist in Thailand with the International Rescue Committee (IRC), as part of a fellowship program for human rights lawyers. I was assigned the task of facilitating the development of a comprehensive legal code for the refugee camps along the border between Thailand and /Burma. As part of my work, I also sought to increase gender-based protection under the law through the incorporation of Thai and international human rights norms. This paper is a reflection on the processes that occurred during my time at IRC. The reform project approached the transference of contentious international norms for protection of women and girls in two ways: a) through the inclusive design of the law reform process and b) the establishment of a prohibition on rules that clearly violated international or national law. By forming a representative drafting committee and placing an emphasis on community consultation as a precursor to code finalisation, refugee perspectives, particularly female perspectives, were given scope to inform interpretations of national and international legal standards. By requiring international and national legal compliance and placing an emphasis on explanation and clarification of international and national standards in discussions, the project supported downward transference of international norms to a specific community context. We hoped that, as a product of these two normative flows, the resulting legal code would be a sustainable mechanism for gender-based protection and redress in cases of sexual and gender-based violence. During negotiations, it became evident that the inclusive design of the law reform process had a more positive impact on the success of norms transference than the actual substance of the norm. The norms that were most readily accepted were those introduced by law reform committee members themselves. Local norm translators played a pivotal role in the norms diffusion process. Though it is too early to draw conclusions about the overall success of the project, I believe that the observed process provides an instructive example of norm transference in the context of development and humanitarian interventions.
description: Querelles. Yearbook for Women’s and Gender Studies, Bd. 16: Multidirektionale Transfers. Internationalität in der Geschlechterforschung
End-to-End Multimodal Emotion Recognition using Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Tzirakis, Panagiotis
name: Trigeorgis, George
name: Nicolaou, Mihalis A.
name: Schuller, Björn
name: Zafeiriou, Stefanos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic affect recognition is a challenging task due to the various modalities emotions can be expressed with. Applications can be found in many domains including multimedia retrieval and human computer interaction. In recent years, deep neural networks have been used with great success in determining emotional states. Inspired by this success, we propose an emotion recognition system using auditory and visual modalities. To capture the emotional content for various styles of speaking, robust features need to be extracted. To this purpose, we utilize a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to extract features from the speech, while for the visual modality a deep residual network (ResNet) of 50 layers. In addition to the importance of feature extraction, a machine learning algorithm needs also to be insensitive to outliers while being able to model the context. To tackle this problem, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are utilized. The system is then trained in an end-to-end fashion where - by also taking advantage of the correlations of the each of the streams - we manage to significantly outperform the traditional approaches based on auditory and visual handcrafted features for the prediction of spontaneous and natural emotions on the RECOLA database of the AVEC 2016 research challenge on emotion recognition.
title: Intersektionalität und Gender Studies in Lateinamerika
Creators: name: Zapata Galindo, Martha Isabel
Publisher: name: QJB – Querelles. Jahrbuch für Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Year: 2013
Subjects: Intersektionalität; Wissenszirkulation

description: In Lateinamerika existiert bis heute keine tiefgreifende Auseinandersetzung mit dem Intersektionalitätskonzept, und es gibt wenig Interesse an der in den internationalen Kreisen der Gender Studies mittlerweile globalen Rezeption des Themas. Wie ist zu erklären, dass in Lateinamerika trotz der ansonsten intensiven Zirkulation internationaler Paradigmen und Ideen gerade dieses Konzept nicht diskutiert wird? Um sich einer Antwort auf diese Frage anzunähern, wird im Folgenden untersucht, auf welche Art und Weise bestimmte Konzepte durch ihre globale Zirkulation einen hegemonialen Charakter angenommen haben. Auf dieser Grundlage wird versucht zu klären, warum einige Konzepte eine grundlegende referentielle Bedeutung für Debatten diverser Kontexte bekommen haben und andere gänzlich außen vor bleiben.
description: QJB – Querelles. Jahrbuch für Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Bd. 16: Multidirektionale Transfers. Internationalität in der Geschlechterforschung
A systematic comparison of two-equation RANS turbulence models applied to shock-cloud interactions
Creators: name: Goodson, Matthew D.
name: Heitsch, Fabian
name: Eklund, Karl
name: Williams, Virginia A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turbulence models attempt to account for unresolved dynamics and diffusion in hydrodynamical simulations. We develop a common framework for two-equation Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models, and we implement six models in the Athena code. We verify each implementation with the standard subsonic mixing layer, although the level of agreement depends on the definition of the mixing layer width. We then test the validity of each model into the supersonic regime, showing that compressibility corrections can improve agreement with experiment. For models with buoyancy effects, we also verify our implementation via the growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a stratified medium. The models are then applied to the ubiquitous astrophysical shock-cloud interaction in three dimensions. We focus on the mixing of shock and cloud material, comparing results from turbulence models to high-resolution simulations (up to 200 cells per cloud radius) and ensemble-averaged simulations. We find that the turbulence models lead to increased spreading and mixing of the cloud, although no two models predict the same result. Increased mixing is also observed in inviscid simulations at resolutions greater than 100 cells per radius, which suggests that the turbulent mixing begins to be resolved.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Yielding Transitions and Grain-Size Effects in Dislocation Theory
Creators: name: Langer, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical-thermodynamic dislocation theory developed in previous papers is used here in an analysis of yielding transitions and grain-size effects in polycrystalline solids. Calculations are based on the 1995 experimental results of Meyers et al. for polycrystalline copper under strain-hardening conditions. The main assertion is that the well known Hall-Petch effects are caused by enhanced strengths of dislocation sources at the edges of grains instead of the commonly assumed resistance to dislocation flow across grain boundaries. The theory describes rapid transitions between elastic and plastic deformation at yield points; thus it can be used to predict grain-size dependence of both yield stresses and flow stresses
Systematic analysis of spectral energy distributions and the dust opacity indices for Class 0 young stellar objects
Creators: name: Li, Jennifer I-Hsiu
name: Liu, Hauyu Baobab
name: Hasegawa, Yasuhiro
name: Hirano, Naomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are motivated by the recent measurements of dust opacity indices beta around young stellar objects (YSOs), which suggest that efficient grain growth may have occurred earlier than the Class I stage. The present work makes use of abundant archival interferometric observations at submillimeter,millimeter, and centimeter wavelength bands to examine grain growth signatures in the dense inner regions (<1000 AU) of nine Class 0 YSOs. A systematic data analysis is performed to derive dust temperatures, optical depths, and dust opacity indices based on single-component modified black body fittings to the spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The fitted dust opacity indices (beta) are in a wide range of 0.3 to 2.0 when single-component SED fitting is adopted. Four out of the nine observed sources show beta lower than 1.7, the typical value of the interstellar dust. Low dust opacity index (or spectral index) values may be explained by the effect of dust grain growth, which makes beta<1.7. Alternatively, the very small observed values of beta may be interpreted by the presence of deeply embedded hot inner disks, which only significantly contribute to the observed fluxes at long wavelength bands. This possibility can be tested by the higher angular resolution imaging observations of ALMA, or more detailed sampling of SEDs in the millimeter and centimeter bands. The beta values of the remaining five sources are close to or consistent with 1.7, indicating that grain growth would start to significantly reduce the values of beta no earlier than the late-Class 0 stage for these YSOs.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
This is not the feedback you have been looking for: nearby optical AGN rarely drive kpc-scale cold-gas outflows
Creators: name: Nedelchev, Borislav
name: Sarzi, Marc
name: Kaviraj, Sugata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interstellar Na I $λλ5890, 5895$ (Na D) absorption-line doublet in a nearly-complete sample of $\sim$9900 nearby Seyfert 2 galaxies, in order to quantify the significance of optical AGN activity in driving kpc-scale outflows that can quench star formation. Comparison to a carefully matched sample of $\sim$44,000 control objects indicates that the Seyfert and control population have similar Na D detection rates ($\sim 5-6%$). Only 53 Seyferts (or 0.5% of the population) are found to potentially display galactic-scale winds, compared to 0.8% of the control galaxies. While nearly a third of the Na D outflows observed in our Seyfert 2 galaxies occur around the brightest AGN, both radio and infrared data indicate that star formation could play the dominant role in driving cold-gas outflows in an even higher fraction of the Na D-outflowing Seyfert 2s. Our results indicate that galactic-scale outflows at low redshift are no more frequent in Seyferts than they are in their non-active counterparts, that optical AGN are not significant contributors to the quenching of star formation in the nearby Universe, and that star-formation may actually be the principal driver of outflows even in systems that do host an AGN.
description: Submitted to MNRAS. 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Comments are welcome
title: HCOOH decomposition on Pd catalysts for potential use as a liquid H2 carrier
Creators: name: Schlussel, Sierra A.
Publisher: name: Colorado School of Mines Repository
Year: 2022

description: Formic acid (HCOOH) has emerged as a promising liquid H2 energy carrier due to its reasonable gravimetric and volumetric H2 densities, low toxicity, low flammability, and ease of handling. HCOOH could enhance the use of H2 fuel due to its ability to stay in a liquid state at a wide range of temperatures and its ease of transportation. Pd-based catalysts have shown to be a selective, stable, and reactive catalyst for HCOOH dehydrogenation due to its high reactivity at near ambient temperatures. This research utilizes in-situ infrared spectroscopy and steady-state kinetic experiments to better understand why Pd-based catalysts are effective by determining what intermediates occur and the overall reaction pathway. A 1 wt% Pd/SiO2 catalyst was prepared using strong electrostatic adsorption. Particle size was adjusted using and oxidative treatment followed by a reductive treatment to try and achieve estimated particle sizes. Mass spectrometry was utilized to understand the effects of particle size on the reaction rates and the overall catalytic performance. Through kinetic analysis, the reaction pathways were narrowed down and supported by using infrared spectroscopy (IR). IR showed no evidence of monodentate formates (HCOOM*), bidentate formates (HCOOB*) or carboxylate (COOH*) intermediates resulting in an intermediate similar in structure to molecular HCOOH. Overall, it was observed that the Pd/SiO2 catalyst was highly selective towards H2 and CO2 products. Future work will include synthesizing varying particle sizes to address the hypothesis that reaction rate increases with decreasing particle size and characterizing the catalyst.
On critical spaces for the Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Pruess, Jan
name: Wilke, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The abstract theory of critical spaces developed in [22] and [20] is applied to the Navier-Stokes equations in bounded domains with Navier boundary conditions as well as no-slip conditions. Our approach unifies, simplifies and extends existing work in the $L_p$-$L_q$ setting, considerably. As an essential step, it is shown that the strong and weak Stokes operators with Navier conditions admit an $\mathcal{H}^\infty$-calculus with $\mathcal{H}^\infty$-angle 0, and the real and complex interpolation spaces of these operators are identified.
description: 21 pages
Demonstrating of Cosmic Ray Characteristics by Estimating the Cherenkov Light Lateral Distribution Function for Yakutsk Array as a Function of the Zenith Angle
Creators: name: Abdulsttar, Marwah M.
name: Al-Rubaiee, A. A.
name: Ali, Abdul Halim Kh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cherenkov light lateral distribution function (CLLDF) in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) for different primary particles (e-, n , p, F, K and Fe) was simulated using CORSIKA code for conditions and configurations of Yakutsk EAS array with the fixed primary energy 3 PeV around the knee region at different zenith angles. Basing on the results of CLLDF numerical simulation, sets of approximated functions are reconstructed for different primary particles as a function of the zenith angle. A comparison of the parameterized CLLDF with that simulated with Yakutsk EAS array is verified. The parameterized CLLDF also is compared with that measured on the Yakutsk EAS array.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, published in International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy Journal
Parametric Analysis of Cherenkov Light LDF from EAS for High Energy Gamma Rays and Nuclei: Ways of Practical Application
Creators: name: Elshoukrofy, A. Sh. M.
name: Postnikov, E. B.
name: Korosteleva, E. E.
name: Sveshnikova, L. G.
name: Motaweh, H. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85-06

description: In this paper we propose a 'knee-like' approximation of the lateral distribution of the Cherenkov light from extensive air showers in the energy range 30-3000 TeV and study a possibility of its practical application in high energy ground-based gamma-ray astronomy experiments (in particular, in TAIGA-HiSCORE). The approximation has a very good accuracy for individual showers and can be easily simplified for practical application in the HiSCORE wide angle timing array in the condition of a limited number of triggered stations.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, proceedings of ISVHECRI 2016 (19th International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions)
Spatially resolved images of reactive ions in the Orion Bar
Creators: name: Goicoechea, Javier R.
name: Cuadrado, S.
name: Pety, J.
name: Bron, E.
name: Black, J. H.
name: Cernicharo, J.
name: Chapillon, E.
name: Fuente, A.
name: Gerin, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report high angular resolution (4.9" x 3.0") images of reactive ions SH+, HOC+, and SO+ toward the Orion Bar photodissociation region (PDR). We used ALMA-ACA to map several rotational lines at 0.8 mm, complemented with multi-line observations obtained with the IRAM 30m telescope. The SH+ and HOC+ emission is restricted to a narrow layer of 2"- to 10"-width (~800 to 4000 AU depending on the assumed PDR geometry) that follows the vibrationally excited H2^* emission. Both ions efficiently form very close to the H/H2 transition zone, at a depth of A_V < 1 mag into the neutral cloud, where abundant C+, S+, and H2^* coexist. SO+ peaks slightly deeper into the cloud. The observed ions have low rotational temperatures (T_rot~10-30 K << T_k) and narrow line-widths (~2-3 km/s), a factor of ~2 narrower that those of the lighter reactive ion CH+. This is consistent with the higher reactivity and faster radiative pumping rates of CH+ compared to the heavier ions, which are driven relatively faster toward smaller velocity dispersion by elastic collisions and toward lower T_rot by inelastic collisions. We estimate column densities and average physical conditions from a non-LTE excitation model (n(H2)~10^5-10^6 cm^-3, n(e^-)~10 cm^-3, and T_k~200 K). Regardless of the excitation details, SH+ and HOC+ clearly trace the most exposed layers of the UV-irradiated molecular cloud surface, whereas SO+ arises from slightly more shielded layers.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A letters (4 figures and 5 tables with Appendices)
Modèle optimal des déterminants des investissements directs étrangers au Maroc : Une approche modélisée par backward elimination et forward regression
Creators: name: Sara HABCHI
name: Abdeslam EL MOUDDEN
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Cet article vise à déterminer les facteurs essentiels garantissant la durabilité de l'attractivité des investissements directs étrangers au Maroc, indépendamment des conjonctures économiques favorables ou défavorables.

L'objectif ultime consiste à concevoir des réformes économiques, financières, fiscales et institutionnelles solides permettant de consolider et de renforcer la séduction des firmes internationales contribuant ainsi à la croissance économique à long terme du pays. Les résultats issus de l'utilisation des techniques Backward Elimination et Forward Regression pour la période 2010-2022, démontrent que l'ouverture commerciale et les dépenses gouvernementales d’investissement sont des éléments moteurs essentiels dans l'effort du Maroc pour une intégration accrue dans l'économie mondiale et la promotion de l'attractivité nationale.  En revanche, les variables telles que l'inflation, le crédit et l'épargne, bien qu'ayant une importance significative, exercent un impact négatif sur l’attractivité des investissements directs étrangers au cours de la période examinée en créant des incertitudes économiques et financières.
Parameterization of Cherenkov Light Lateral Distribution Function as a Function of the Zenith Angle around the Knee Region
Creators: name: Abdulsttar, Marwah M.
name: Al-Rubaiee, A. A.
name: Ali, Abdul Halim Kh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cherenkov light lateral distribution function (CLLDF) simulation was fulfilled using CORSIKA code for configurations of Tunka EAS array of different zenith angles. The parameterization of the CLLDF was carried out as a function of the distance from the shower core in extensive air showers (EAS) and zenith angle on the basis of the CORSIKA simulation of primary proton around the knee region with the energy 3.10^15 eV at different zenith angles. The parameterized CLLDF is verified in comparison with the simulation that performed using CORSIKA code for two zenith angles.
description: 9 pages. 6 figures, published in International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy Journal
Pooling Facial Segments to Face: The Shallow and Deep Ends
Creators: name: Mahbub, Upal
name: Sarkar, Sayantan
name: Chellappa, Rama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generic face detection algorithms do not perform very well in the mobile domain due to significant presence of occluded and partially visible faces. One promising technique to handle the challenge of partial faces is to design face detectors based on facial segments. In this paper two such face detectors namely, SegFace and DeepSegFace, are proposed that detect the presence of a face given arbitrary combinations of certain face segments. Both methods use proposals from facial segments as input that are found using weak boosted classifiers. SegFace is a shallow and fast algorithm using traditional features, tailored for situations where real time constraints must be satisfied. On the other hand, DeepSegFace is a more powerful algorithm based on a deep convolutional neutral network (DCNN) architecture. DeepSegFace offers certain advantages over other DCNN-based face detectors as it requires relatively little amount of data to train by utilizing a novel data augmentation scheme and is very robust to occlusion by design. Extensive experiments show the superiority of the proposed methods, specially DeepSegFace, over other state-of-the-art face detectors in terms of precision-recall and ROC curve on two mobile face datasets.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in FG2017
Croton oblongus Burm. f. Bark
Creators: name: Aziz, Ahmad Nazif
name: Ismail, Nor Hadiani
name: Halim, Siti Nadiah Abdul
name: Looi, Chung Yeng
name: Anouar, El Hassane
name: Langat, Moses K.
name: Mulholland, Dulcie
name: Awang, Khalijah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Croton
Croton oblongus

description: 2.1. Biological activities of Croton oblongus Burm.f. Bark
 It is known that inflammation is closely linked to tumour promotion and almost all tumours have inflammatory cells reside in them regardless of the underlying cause of the tumour (Rosenberg et al., 1991; Medzhitov, 2008). Hence, extracts and selected pure compounds from the bark of C. oblongus were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and the closely related anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB translocation in RAW 264.7 cells evaluation.
 Crude extracts of C. oblongus were screened against a panel of cell lines consisted of normal liver cell line (WRL-68), lung cancer cell line (A549), prostate cancer cell line (PC-3), melanoma cell line (A375), colon cancer cell line (HT-29) and human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7). IC 50 values of the hexane extract against these cell lines ranged between 35.0 and 66.1 μ g/mL while no activity recorded against HT-29 cell line. The CH 2 Cl 2 extract showed more selective activity, affecting only A549 (IC 50 57.6 μ g/mL) and A375 (IC 50 63.6 μ g/mL) cell lines. The methanol extract did not show activity.
 All purified compounds were isolated from hexane and CH 2 Cl 2 extracts, which in the initial screen had shown potential cytotoxicity. However, most compounds were found to have very weak activity with IC 50 > 100 μ M. Only β -amyrone and β -sitostenone exhibited IC 50 <100 μ M, 73 and 94 μ M respectively. Compounds 1, 3, β -amyrin and acetyl aleuritolic acid were also tested in the LPS-induced NF-κB translocation inhibition in RAW 264.7 cells assay. Compounds 1 and 3 showed no activity while β -amyrin and acetyl aleuritolic acid showed good anti-inflammatory activity with IC 50 values of 23.5 and 35.4 μ g/ mL respectively.
description: Published as part of Aziz, Ahmad Nazif, Ismail, Nor Hadiani, Halim, Siti Nadiah Abdul, Looi, Chung Yeng, Anouar, El Hassane, Langat, Moses K., Mulholland, Dulcie & Awang, Khalijah, 2018, Laevifins A-G, clerodane diterpenoids from the Bark of Croton oblongus Burm. f., pp. 193-200 in Phytochemistry 156 on page 197, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.002, http://zenodo.org/record/10484732
The Hypothesis of a “Living Pulse” in Cells
Creators: name: Walther-Antonio, Marina
name: Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: motility
subject: biosignature
subject: intracellular movements

description: Motility is a great biosignature and its pattern is characteristic for specific microbes. However, motion does also occur within the cell by the myriads of ongoing processes within the cell and the exchange of gases and nutrients with the outside environment. Here, we propose that the sum of these processes in a microbial cell is equivalent to a pulse in complex organisms and suggest a first approach to measure the “living pulse” in microorganisms. We emphasize that if a “living pulse” can be shown to exist, it would have far-reaching applications, such as for finding life in extreme environments on Earth and in extraterrestrial locations, as well as making sure that life is not present where it should not be, such as during medical procedures and in the food processing industry.
Incoherent Diffractive Imaging via Intensity Correlations of hard X-rays
Creators: name: Classen, Anton
name: Ayyer, Kartik
name: Chapman, Henry N.
name: Röhlsberger, Ralf
name: von Zanthier, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Established x-ray diffraction methods allow for high-resolution structure determination of crystals, crystallized protein structures or even single molecules. While these techniques rely on coherent scattering, incoherent processes like Compton scattering or fluorescence emission -- often the predominant scattering mechanisms -- are generally considered detrimental for imaging applications. Here we show that intensity correlations of incoherently scattered x-ray radiation can be used to image the full 3D structure of the scattering atoms with significantly higher resolution compared to conventional coherent diffraction imaging and crystallography, including additional three-dimensional information in Fourier space for a single sample orientation. We present a number of properties of incoherent diffractive imaging that are conceptually superior to those of coherent methods.
description: 2 figures
Epidemic Extinction Paths in Complex Networks
Creators: name: Hindes, Jason
name: Schwartz, Ira B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the extinction of long-lived epidemics on finite complex networks induced by intrinsic noise. Applying analytical techniques to the stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible model, we predict the distribution of large fluctuations, the most probable, or optimal path through a network that leads to a disease-free state from an endemic state, and the average extinction time in general configurations. Our predictions agree with Monte-Carlo simulations on several networks, including synthetic weighted and degree-distributed networks with degree correlations, and an empirical high school contact network. In addition, our approach quantifies characteristic scaling patterns for the optimal path and distribution of large fluctuations, both near and away from the epidemic threshold, in networks with heterogeneous eigenvector centrality and degree distributions.
An Upper Bound on the Rate of Information Transfer in Optical Vortex Beams
Creators: name: Coles, Matt M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light endowed with orbital angular momentum, commonly termed optical vortex light, has an azimuthal phase indexed by the orbital quantum number $l$. In contrast to the two basis states of the optical spin angular momentum, the interest in the information content of optical vortex beams is centred on the assumption that $\lvert{l}\rangle{}$ forms a countably infinite set of basis states. The recent experimental observation that group velocity is inversely proportional to $l$ provides a theoretical basis for a practical measure of information transfer. This Letter sets an upper bound on that measure.
description: 4 Pages, 1 Figure
Revisiting the boundary conditions for second-harmonic generation at metal-dielectric interfaces
Creators: name: Reddy, K. Nireekshan
name: Chen, Parry Y.
name: Fernández-Domínguez, Antonio I.
name: Sivan, Yonatan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study second-harmonic generation (SHG) arising from surface nonlinearity at a metal-dielectric interface using a spectral decomposition method. Since our method avoids the need to consider the generalized boundary condition across the metal-dielectric interface in the presence of a perpendicular surface source, we retrieve the known discontinuity of the tangential component of the electric field ($E_{\parallel}^ {2ω}$) for a general geometry, based on a purely mathematical argument. Further, we reaffirm the standard convention of the implementation of this condition, namely, that the surface dipole source radiates as if placed outside the metal surface for arbitrary geometries. We also study and explain the spectral dependence of the discontinuity of the tangential component of the electric field at second harmonic. Finally, we note that the default settings of the commercial numerical package COMSOL Multiphysics fail to account for the $E_{\parallel}^ {2ω}$-discontinuity. We provide a simple recipe that corrects the boundary condition within these existing settings.
Radio emission and mass loss rate limits of four young solar-type stars
Creators: name: Fichtinger, Bibiana
name: Güdel, Manuel
name: Mutel, Robert L.
name: Hallinan, Gregg
name: Gaidos, Eric
name: Skinner, Stephen L.
name: Lynch, Christene
name: Gayley, Kenneth G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of free-free continuum radio emission of four young main-sequence solar-type stars (EK Dra, Pi1 UMa, Chi1 Ori; and Kappa1 Cet) are studied to detect stellar winds or at least to place upper limits on their thermal radio emission, which is dominated by the ionized wind. These stars are excellent proxies for representing the young Sun. Upper limits on mass loss rates are calculated using their observational radio emission. Our aim is to re-examine the faint young Sun paradox by assuming that the young Sun was more massive in its past, and hence to find a possible solution for this famous problem. The observations of our sample are performed with the Karl G. Jansky VLA with excellent sensitivity, using the C-band and the Ku-band. ALMA observations are performed at 100 GHz. For the estimation of the mass loss limits, spherically symmetric winds and stationary, anisotropic, ionized winds are assumed. We compare our results to 1) mass loss rate estimates of theoretical rotational evolution models, and 2) to results of the indirect technique of determining mass loss rates: Lyman-alpha absorption. We are able to derive the most stringent direct upper limits on mass loss so far from radio observations. Two objects, EK Dra and Chi1 Ori, are detected at 6 and 14 GHz down to an excellent noise level. These stars are very active and additional radio emission identified as non-thermal emission was detected, but limits for the mass loss rates of these objects are still derived. The stars Pi1 UMa and Kappa1 Cet were not detected in either C-band or in Ku-band. For these objects we give upper limits to their radio free-free emission and calculate upper limits to their mass loss rates. Finally, we reproduce the evolution of the Sun and derive an estimate for the solar mass of the Sun at a younger age.
A note on unitizations of generalized effect algebras
Creators: name: Jenča, Gejza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 03G12, Secondary: 06F20, 81P10

description: There is a forgetful functor from the category of generalized effect algebras to the category of effect algebras. We prove that this functor is a right adjoint and that the corresponding left adjoint is the well-known unitization construction by Hedlíková and Pulmannová. Moreover, this adjunction is monadic.
Camera Townes 1962
Creators: name: Pádua, Diego G.
name: Silva-Santos, Isamara
name: Santos, Bernardo F.
name: Faustino- Magalhães, Mayara D.
name: Souza, Maria N. A.
name: Kloss, Thiago G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Camera

description: Camera Townes, 1962
 Camera Townes, 1962: 432.
 Type species: Mesostenus euryapsis (Cameron, 1885), by original designation.
description: Published as part of Pádua, Diego G., Silva-Santos, Isamara, Santos, Bernardo F., Faustino- Magalhães, Mayara D., Souza, Maria N. A. & Kloss, Thiago G., 2024, The Darwin wasp Camera thoracica (Szépligeti, 1916) (Ichneumonidae) as a natural enemy of the dreaded Brazilian wandering spider Phoneutria nigriventer (Keyserling, 1891) (Ctenidae), pp. 459-468 in Zootaxa 5403 (4) on page 461, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5403.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/10562250
Minimum Action Path theory reveals the details of stochastic biochemical transitions out of oscillatory cellular states
Creators: name: de la Cruz, Roberto
name: Perez-Carrasco, Ruben
name: Guerrero, Pilar
name: Alarcon, Tomas
name: Page, Karen M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Cell state determination is the outcome of intrinsically stochastic biochemical reactions. Tran- sitions between such states are studied as noise-driven escape problems in the chemical species space. Escape can occur via multiple possible multidimensional paths, with probabilities depending non-locally on the noise. Here we characterize the escape from an oscillatory biochemical state by minimizing the Freidlin-Wentzell action, deriving from it the stochastic spiral exit path from the limit cycle. We also use the minimized action to infer the escape time probability density function.
Basal forebrain topography as defined by afferents and efferents: separable circuits to support distinct functions
Creators: name: Gielow, Matthew Robert
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2015

description: The basal forebrain (BF) is a region of heterogeneous neurons, some of which send axon terminals to the cerebral cortex. The main source of acetylcholine in the cortex arises from the cholinergic basal forebrain (BFc). Historically the BFc has been alternately described as diffuse and discrete, which has contributed to incompatible views of the system across and within scientific disciplines. The known anatomical details of the BF are not sufficient to explain the variety of functions it achieves in the cortex. This thesis describes three experiments that further investigate the anatomical details of BF cell topography, outputs, and inputs in the rat. The first utilizes retrograde tracing to show that cells projecting to visual and motor cortices are mostly found in the anterior diagonal bands and posterior basal forebrain, respectively. The BF topography of these two projection populations partially overlaps. There is also a segregation and overlap based on neurotransmitter content. The second experiment queries the BF topography of local afferents to BFc cells via monosynaptic viral tracing in ChAT-cre transgenic rats. BFc cells do not receive afferents from fellow BF cells spread across the entire BF volume. Instead, presynaptic cells coinhabit smaller pockets in which iii their postsynaptic cholinergic targets are found, suggesting the potential for modular control of portions of the BFc at the local level. The final study describes the inputs to BFc cells on the basis of their outputs to four different cortical targets utilizing the same viral tracer as above. It is possible to infect transgenic basalocortical cells via monosynaptic tracing vector injection in the cortex, at the site of axon terminals, thereby only labeling transynaptically those afferents contacting corticopetal BFc cells projecting to a particular cortical region. Subpopulations of basal forebrain cholinergic cells, that send their efferents to different cortical areas, did not receive homogeneous input, but rather received differing complements of synaptic inputs. These results reveal the network connectivity likely to be the precise architecture permissive of the differential control the BFc exerts over its various outputs. Along with this novel architecture comes a number of testable hypotheses put forth in the general discussion.
Freestanding transparent terahertz half-wave plate using subwavelength cut-wire pairs
Creators: name: Nakata, Yosuke
name: Taira, Yudai
name: Nakanishi, Toshihiro
name: Miyamaru, Fumiaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We designed a cut-wire-pair metasurface that works as a transparent terahertz half-wave plate, by matching the electric and magnetic resonances of the structure. Due to the impedance matching nature of the resonances, a large transmission phase shift between the orthogonal polarizations was achieved, while permitting a high transmission. The electric and magnetic responses of the proposed structure were confirmed by evaluating the electric admittance and magnetic impedance. The structure was fabricated on a flexible film and its helicity-conversion function in the terahertz frequency range was experimentally demonstrated. The thickness of the device is less than 1/10 of the working vacuum wavelength, and a high amplitude helicity conversion rate over 80% was achieved. Finally, using simulations, we demonstrate the feasibility of the gradually rotating cut-wire-pair array in terahertz wave-front control.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures