cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Detection of GRB 060927 at z = 5.47: Implications for the Use of Gamma-Ray Bursts as Probes of the End of the Dark Ages
Creators: name: Ruiz-Velasco, A. E.
name: Swan, H.
name: Troja, E.
name: Malesani, D.
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Starling, R. L. C.
name: Xu, D.
name: Aharonian, F.
name: Akerlof, C.
name: Andersen, M. I.
name: Ashley, M. C. B.
name: Barthelmy, S. D.
name: Bersier, D.
name: Cerón, J. M. Castro
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Göğüş, E.
name: Gorosabel, J.
name: Guidorzi, C.
name: Güver, T.
name: Hjorth, J.
name: Horns, D.
name: Huang, K. Y.
name: Jakobsson, P.
name: Jensen, B. L.
name: Kızıloǧlu, Ü.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Krimm, H. A.
name: Ledoux, C.
name: Levan, A. J.
name: Marsh, T.
name: McKay, T.
name: Melandri, A.
name: Milvang-Jensen, B.
name: Mundell, C. G.
name: O'Brien, P. T.
name: Özel, M.
name: Phillips, A.
name: Quimby, R.
name: Rowell, G.
name: Rujopakarn, W.
name: Rykoff, E. S.
name: Schaefer, B. E.
name: Sollerman, J.
name: Tanvir, N. R.
name: Thöne, C. C.
name: Urata, Y.
name: Vestrand, W. T.
name: Vreeswijk, P. M.
name: Watson, D.
name: Wheeler, J. C.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
name: Wren, J.
name: Yost, S. A.
name: Yuan, F.
name: Zhai, M.
name: Zheng, W. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on follow-up observations of the GRB 060927 using the ROTSE-IIIa telescope and a suite of larger aperture ground-based telescopes. An optical afterglow was detected 20 s after the burst, the earliest rest-frame detection of optical emission from any GRB. Spectroscopy performed with the VLT about 13 hours after the trigger shows a continuum break at lambda ~ 8070 A produced by neutral hydrogen absorption at z~5.6. We also detect an absorption line at 8158 A which we interpret as SiII at z=5.467. Hence, GRB 060927 is the second most distant GRB with a spectroscopically measured redshift. The shape of the red wing of the spectral break can be fitted by a damped Lyalpha profile with a column density with log(N_HI/cm^-2) ~ 22.5. We discuss the implications of this work for the use of GRBs as probes of the end of the dark ages and draw three main conclusions: i) GRB afterglows originating from z>6 should be relatively easy to detect from the ground, but rapid NIR monitoring is necessary to ensure that they are found; ii) The presence of large HI column densities in some GRBs host galaxies at z>5 makes the use of GRBs to probe the reionization epoch via spectroscopy of the red damping wing challenging; iii) GRBs appear crucial to locate typical star-forming galaxies at z>5 and therefore the type of galaxies responsible for the reionization of the universe.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ, uses emulateapj
Effects of a Quantum or Classical Scalar Field on the Entanglement Entropy of a Pair of Universes
Creators: name: Bellido, Samuel Barroso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the formalism of the third quantization in canonical quantum gravity, the entropy of entanglement of a pair of universes created in the multiverse from the vacuum has lately been calculated. Here, we examine the differences between considering a scalar field as quantum or classical on the entanglement entropy of three different pairs: de-Sitter universes, flat stiff matter dominated universes, and closed universes with a scalar field. We find that the entanglement entropy is unchanged, zero, or dependent on the treatment of the scalar field, respectively.
description: Accepted for publication in PRD. 3 Figures
Valuing non-market goods : an analysis of alternative approaches
Creators: name: Gregory, Robin Scott
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study evaluates a number of different approaches which have been used to estimate the value of goods and activities which are not traded in conventional private markets. Experimental evidence is obtained from surveys of individuals' expressed preferences for a number of different goods and services, with emphasis placed on values associated with the natural environment. Both contingent and real questions are used, with subjects' responses to hypothetical situations shown to correspond closely to the behavior which is observed when real transactions are employed. A central concern of this thesis is the comparison of measures of economic value based on an individual's willingness to pay to obtain or retain a good and the amount of compensation which is demanded if it is relinquished. In contrast to prevailing economic theory, these two approaches are shown to yield estimates of value which in many cases are systematically and significantly different. Four principal reasons for this disparity are advanced and each is discussed in the light of evidence developed as part of this as well as previous studies. These are the size of the good or payment level under consideration, the availability of substitutes, the perceived legitimacy of the transaction and the influence of responsibility costs, regret or other process considerations. Empirical evidence is also developed on several other concerns which arise when hypothetical questions are used to value non-market goods. These include the selection of a preferred payment measure, the significance of motivational or cognitive biases, and the potential influence of both framing effects and a number of behavioral considerations. In each case the analysis of individuals' responses leads to an improved understanding of key methodological considerations and suggests additional research opportunities.
On the $k$-free divisor problem
Creators: name: Furuya, Jun
name: Zhai, Wenguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11N37

description: Let $Δ^{(k)}(x)$ denote the error term of the $k$-free divisor problem for $k\geq 2$. In this paper we establish an asymptotic formula of the integral $\int_1^T|Δ^{(k)}(x)|^2dx$ for each $k\geq 4.$
Non Abelian Vortices as Instantons on Noncommutative Discrete Space
Creators: name: Ikemori, Hitoshi
name: Kitakado, Shinsaku
name: Otsu, Hideharu
name: Sato, Toshiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There seems to be close relationship between the moduli space of vortices and the moduli space of instantons, which is not yet clearly understood from a standpoint of the field theory. We clarify the reasons why many similarities are found in the methods for constructing the moduli of instanton and vortex, viewed in the light of the notion of the self-duality. We show that the non-Abelian vortex is nothing but the instanton in $R^{2} \times Z_{2}$ from a viewpoint of the noncommutative differential geometry and the gauge theory in discrete space. The action for pure Yang-Mills theory in $R^{2} \times Z_{2}$ is equivalent to that for Yang-Mills-Higgs theory in $R^{2} $.
description: 19 pages, various arguments are added, the exposition is improved
Актуальные научные разработки для отрасли растениеводства
Creators: name: Федеральный научный центр зернобобовых и крупяных культур
Publisher: name: Федеральный научный центр зернобобовых и крупяных культур
Year: 2023

description: Актуальные научные разработки для отрасли растениеводства
EARLY WARNING AND RESPONSE SYSTEM: IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION
Creators: name: Hess, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: It is estimated that there are over 200,000 in-hospital cardiac arrests each year in the United States. Clinical deterioration in inpatient units often goes undetected, or if detected, it is ignored until a significant event occurs. Literature reports that with early identification and treatment, this deterioration may be prevented, decreasing the need to transfer a patient to the intensive care unit. Early warning systems (EWS) have been shown to identify patients who may experience a negative outcome as early as 20 hours before the event. A review of EWSs is included describing the three phases (early recognition, triggering a response, and appropriate response). The National Early Warning Score 2 is explored in greater detail. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to develop a guide to assist an organization in implementing an EWS. The guide includes a sample detailed project plan and evidence-based training materials. The overall framework for this project was Donabedian’s Model of Structure, Process, and Outcome. The actual implementation plan was based on Royce’s system development lifecycle. Important aspects of each of the six steps (requirement gathering, design, build, testing, deployment, and maintenance/ evolution) were explored. The proposed process was used to guide the initial phases of an implementation at a 207-bed medical center. It is essential to follow a structured implementation plan when deploying an EWS. By fully understanding the requirements iv of a proposed solution, unnecessary time and expense in an aborted implementation can be avoided.
W51North: A protocluster emerging out of a thermally inhibited fragmenting cloud
Creators: name: Tang, Mengyao
name: Palau, Aina
name: Zapata, Luis A.
name: Qin, Sheng-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fragmentation process in massive star-forming regions is one of the contemporary problems in astrophysics, and several physical processes have been proposed to control the fragmentation including turbulence, magnetic field, rotation, stellar feedback, and gravity. However, the fragmentation process has been poorly studied at small spatial scales well below 1000 AU. We aim to use ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter and Submillimeter Array) high angular resolution data to identify the fragments in W51 IRS2 and to study the fragmentation properties on a spatial scale of 200 AU. We used ALMA data of W51 IRS2 from three projects, which give an angular resolution of 0.028$^{\prime\prime}$ (144 AU) at millimeter wavelengths. We identified compact fragments by using {\it uv}-range constrained 1.3 mm continuum data. A Mean Surface Density of Companions (MSDC) analysis has been performed to study the separations between fragments. A total number of 33 continuum sources are identified and 29 out of them are defined as fragments in the surveyed region.The MSDC analysis reveals two breaks corresponding to spatial sales of 1845 AU and 7346 AU, indicative of a two-level clustering phenomenon, along with a linear regime below 1845 AU, mostly associated with W51 North, whose slope is consistent with the slope for the clustering regime of other cluster-like regions in the Galaxy. The typical masses and separations of the fragments as well as the relation between density and number of fragments can be explained through a thermal Jeans process operating at high temperatures of 200--400 K, consistent with previous measurements of the temperature in the region, and produced by the nearby massive stars. Therefore, although W51 IRS2 seems to be undergoing a thermally inhibited fragmentation phase, this does not seem to prevent the formation of a protocluster associated with W51 North.
Hestenes' Tetrad and Spin Connections
Creators: name: Reifler, Frank
name: Morris, Randall
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Defining a spin connection is necessary for formulating Dirac's bispinor equation in a curved space-time. Hestenes has shown that a bispinor field is equivalent to an orthonormal tetrad of vector fields together with a complex scalar field. In this paper, we show that using Hestenes' tetrad for the spin connection in a Riemannian space-time leads to a Yang-Mills formulation of the Dirac Lagrangian in which the bispinor field is mapped to a set of Yang-Mills gauge potentials and a complex scalar field. This result was previously proved for a Minkowski space-time using Fierz identities. As an application we derive several different non-Riemannian spin connections found in the literature directly from an arbitrary linear connection acting on Hestenes' tetrad and scalar fields. We also derive spin connections for which Dirac's bispinor equation is form invariant. Previous work has not considered form invariance of the Dirac equation as a criterion for defining a general spin connection.
Supersymmetric version of a Gaussian irrotational compressible fluid flow
Creators: name: Grundland, A. M.
name: Hariton, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lie point symmetries and corresponding invariant solutions are obtained for a Gaussian, irrotational, compressible fluid flow. A supersymmetric extension of this model is then formulated through the use of a superspace and superfield formalism. The Lie superalgebra of this extended model is determined and a classification of its subalgebras is performed. The method of symmetry reduction is systematically applied in order to derive special classes of invariant solutions of the supersymmetric model. Several new types of algebraic, hyperbolic, multi-solitonic and doubly periodic solutions are obtained in explicit form.
description: Expanded introduction and added new section on classical Gaussian fluid flow. Included several additional references
title: Examining refugee educational inclusion in the UK: opportunities and challenges for Syrian students in Greater Glasgow
Creators: name: Nouraldeen, Munther
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2025

description: This thesis examines the educational inclusion of Syrian students in mainstream schools within the Greater Glasgow area, focusing on two critical aspects: (1) understanding the opportunities and challenges related to Syrian students’ educational inclusion, and (2) examining their inclusion in terms of presence, participation, and achievement. Syrian families and school educators in Greater Glasgow were invited to participate, and data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 parents and 15 children, as well as an online survey completed by 6 school educators.

The Capability approach by Nussbaum, focusing on human development, provides the comprehensive philosophical framework for this study. Unterhalter’s concept of equity in education, which includes Equity from Below, Equity from the Middle, and Equity from Above, is also incorporated. In addition, this study utilizes the Index for Inclusion developed by Booth and Ainscow, alongside key documents from the UNESCO: ‘Reaching Out to All Learners: A Resource Pack for Supporting Inclusive Education’ and ‘A Guide for Ensuring Inclusion and Equity in Education’. Collectively, these concepts and documents form the framework for analysing the study's findings, demonstrating their relationship to or deviation from existing literature on inclusive education, the education of Syrian children, and refugee education. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis, guided by Braun and Clarke's methodology.

The study's findings reveal a positive outlook on the educational experiences of Syrian students in Scotland. Syrian students enjoyed attending school and also harboured a genuine liking for both their schools and teachers. Parents expressed contentment with school offerings, affirming that schools effectively fulfilled their responsibilities. However, the English language barrier and insufficient measures to mitigate it pose significant challenges to the educational inclusion of Syrian students. Furthermore, disparities between the education systems of Scotland and Syria, alongside evident cultural distinctions, are apparent in the data.

Analysis of the online survey data highlighted commendable efforts by educators to address diverse learner needs in classrooms, mitigating potential challenges. However, despite these positive efforts, significant barriers to inclusive education were identified, particularly for learners from refugee and asylum-seeking backgrounds. The lack of support and training for educators, coupled with insufficient resources and services in certain schools, emerged as significant obstacles to comprehensive educational inclusion.
The Transition of Polarized Dust Thermal Emission from the Protostellar Envelope to the Disk Scale
Creators: name: Lam, Ka Ho
name: Chen, Che-Yu
name: Li, Zhi-Yun
name: Yang, Haifeng
name: Cox, Erin G.
name: Looney, Leslie W.
name: Stephens, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarized dust continuum emission has been observed with ALMA in an increasing number of deeply embedded protostellar systems. It generally shows a sharp transition going from the protostellar envelope to the disk scale, with the polarization fraction typically dropping from ${\sim} 5\%$ to ${\sim} 1\%$ and the inferred magnetic field orientations becoming more aligned with the major axis of the system. We quantitatively investigate these observational trends using a sample of protostars in the Perseus molecular cloud and compare these features with a non-ideal MHD disk formation simulation. We find that the gas density increases faster than the magnetic field strength in the transition from the envelope to the disk scale, which makes it more difficult to magnetically align the grains on the disk scale. Specifically, to produce the observed ${\sim} 1\%$ polarization at ${\sim} 100\,\mathrm{au}$ scale via grains aligned with the B-field, even relatively small grains of $1\,\mathrm{μm}$ in size need to have their magnetic susceptibilities significantly enhanced (by a factor of ${\sim} 20$) over the standard value, potentially through superparamagnetic inclusions. This requirement is more stringent for larger grains, with the enhancement factor increasing linearly with the grain size, reaching ${\sim} 2\times 10^4$ for millimeter-sized grains. Even if the required enhancement can be achieved, the resulting inferred magnetic field orientation in the simulation does not show a preference for the major axis, which is inconsistent with the observed pattern. We thus conclude that the observed trends are best described by the model where the polarization on the envelope scale is dominated by magnetically aligned grains and that on the disk scale by scattering.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures. To be published in MNRAS
Thermal rectification in three-dimensional mass-graded anharmonic oscillator lattices
Creators: name: Romero-Bastida, M.
name: Lindero-Hernández, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the thermal rectification efficiency, i.e., asymmetric heat flow, of a three-dimensional mass-graded anharmonic lattice of length $N$ and width $W$ by means of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The obtained rectification, which is of the same order of magnitude as that of the corresponding one-dimensional lattice, saturates at low values of the aspect ratio $W/N$, consistent with the already known behavior of the corresponding heat fluxes of the homogeneous system under analogous conditions. The maximum rectification is obtained in the temperature range wherein no rectification could be obtained in other one-dimensional systems, as well as in the corresponding one-dimensional instance of the model studied herein.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
The arithmetic-geometric scaling spectrum for continued fractions
Creators: name: Jaerisch, Johannes
name: Kesseböhmer, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11K50, 37A45, 11J06, 28A80

description: To compare continued fraction digits with the denominators of the corresponding approximants we introduce the arithmetic-geometric scaling. We will completely determine its multifractal spectrum by means of a number theoretical free energy function and show that the Hausdorff dimension of sets consisting of irrationals with the same scaling exponent coincides with the Legendre transform of this free energy function. Furthermore, we identify the asymptotic of the local behaviour of the spectrum at the right boundary point and discuss a connection to the set of irrationals with continued fraction digits exceeding a given number which tends to infinity.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure
DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTAION, AND EVALUATION OF A PEER-LED SMOKING CESSATION SUPPORT GROUP
Creators: name: Jones, Rachel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Lynwood, California, where this QI project is conducted, is a high-risk, medically underserved community. Smoking is prevalent within Lynwood and residents are disproportionally affected by tobacco-related diseases such as lung cancer, COPD, and coronary artery disease. This community did not have a smoking cessation program. The aim of this QI project was to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of a peer-led smoking cessation support group (SCSG) within the high-risk community of Lynwood. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model, a community-oriented framework, was used to structure and guide the project. The project was implemented in four phases; recruitment of PCs, training of PCs, recruitment of participants, and finally conducting the peer-led SCSG. Six PCs were recruited from a local faith-based organization and attended eight training sessions conducted by a tobacco treatment specialist. Smoking related topics were incorporated into classroom education including reflections, Motivational Interviewing and role play exercises. Peer coaches’ leadership skills were evaluated with a competency checklist and their reflections on the entire experience were explored during telephone interviews. The PCs were able to successfully facilitate the SCSG. Four reflection themes were discovered including identification and reflections on their own addictions(s), feeling empowered with knowledge and skills to help their community, a iv need for more time to build trust with participants, and describing their participation in this project as positive. Five participants were recruited from the local community and participated in the peer-led SCSG for four weeks. Participants’ readiness for change was measured with the readiness ruler, cigarette usage was self-reported with a two-item questionnaire, and perceived social support was measured with the Multidisciplinary Scale of Perceived Social Support. Four participants indicated a readiness to change and perceived increased social support at the end of the SCSG. They were also able to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked every week by 30 cigarettes at the end of the SCSG. This project emphasized the importance of employing peer coaches to lead smoking cessation services in high-risk communities. Considering future opportunities for non-licensed providers to provide preventative health education services and incorporating PCs into smoking cessation programs is especially feasible in high-risk areas where resources are limited.
Quantum Fields on the Groenewold-Moyal Plane: C, P, T and CPT
Creators: name: Akofor, E.
name: Balachandran, A. P.
name: Jo, S. G.
name: Joseph, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that despite the inherent non-locality of quantum field theories on the Groenewold-Moyal (GM) plane, one can find a class of ${\bf C}$, ${\bf P}$, ${\bf T}$ and ${\bf CPT}$ invariant theories. In particular, these are theories without gauge fields or with just gauge fields and no matter fields. We also show that in the presence of gauge fields, one can have a field theory where the Hamiltonian is ${\bf C}$ and ${\bf T}$ invariant while the $S$-matrix violates ${\bf P}$ and ${\bf CPT}$. In non-abelian gauge theories with matter fields such as the electro-weak and $QCD$ sectors of the standard model of particle physics, ${\bf C}$, ${\bf P}$, ${\bf T}$ and the product of any pair of them are broken while ${\bf CPT}$ remains intact for the case $θ^{0i} =0$. (Here $x^μ \star x^ν - x^ν \star x^μ = i θ^{μν}$, $x^μ$: coordinate functions, $θ^{μν} = -θ^{νμ}=$ constant.) When $θ^{0i} \neq 0$, it contributes to breaking also ${\bf P}$ and ${\bf CPT}$. It is known that the $S$-matrix in a non-abelian theory depends on $θ^{μν}$ only through $θ^{0i}$. The $S$-matrix is frame dependent. It breaks (the identity component of the) Lorentz group. All the noncommutative effects vanish if the scattering takes place in the center-of-mass frame, or any frame where $θ^{0i}P^{\textrm{in}}_{i} = 0$, but not otherwise. ${\bf P}$ and ${\bf CPT}$ are good symmetries of the theory in this special case.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure, revised, 2 references added
AS DIFERENÇAS DE AVALIAÇÃO DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PRIVADA E PÚBLICA: SEU IMPACTO NO DESEMPENHO ORGANIZACIONAL
Creators: name: Ane L. Rodrigues, Jochua Massingue
Publisher: name: PROELIUM
Year: 2025

description: A avaliação de desempenho na administração privada e administração pública é uma prática comum, sendo um tópico de significativa importância. No entanto, existem diferenças importantes na forma como estas avaliações são conduzidas em cada setor. De modo a compreender a diferença entres estes dois tipos de administração, é necessário perceber as suas definições e características. Na administração privada, a avaliação de desempenho individual, e, consequentemente, o desempenho da empresa como um todo. Na administração pública, a avaliação de desempenho é usada para avaliar o cumprimento de metas e objetivos institucionais. Neste artigo, iremos explorar o conceito de Balanced Scorecard; seguido de uma análise da avaliação nos setores público e privado; as diferenças entre as avaliações de desempenho na administração privada e administração pública em Portugal; terminando pela aplicação do sistema de avaliação e propostas para mitigar essas diferenças, tais como, formação, fornecer feedback aos colaboradores e promover uma cultura de excelência.


De acordo com os resultados apurados nesta investigação verificou-se que, no setor privado, a avaliação orientada para resultados promove eficiência e competitividade, mas pode negligenciar impactos sociais ou de longo prazo, enquanto, no setor público, o foco em conformidade e estabilidade garante equidade e responsabilidade social, mas pode dificultar inovações e melhorias de desempenho.


Torna-se assim relevante, adotar adequadas ferramentas de avaliação que procurem ir ao encontro dos objetivos, estruturas e culturas organizacionais desses setores.
description: PROELIUM, Vol. 8 N.º 15 (2025): Revista Proelium, VIII, 15
Laser-driven ion acceleration with a hollow beam at PHELIX
Creators: name: Brabetz, C.
name: Busold, S.
name: Deppert, O.
name: Schumacher, D.
name: Zielbauer, B.
name: Bagnoud, V.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2014
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2013 - GSI Report 2014-1
Evidence of convective rolls in a sunspot penumbra
Creators: name: Zakharov, V.
name: Hirzberger, J.
name: Riethmueller, T. L.
name: Solanki, S. K.
name: Kobel, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: aims: We study the recently discovered twisting motion of bright penumbral filaments with the aim of constraining their geometry and the associated magnetic field. methods: A large sunspot located $40\degr$ from disk center was observed at high resolution with the 1-m Swedish Solar Telescope. Inversions of multi-wavelength polarimetric data and speckle reconstructed time series of continuum images were used to determine proper motions, as well as the velocity and magnetic structure in penumbral filaments. results: The continuum movie reveals apparent lateral motions of bright and dark structures inside bright filaments oriented parallel to the limb, confirming recent Hinode results. In these filaments we measure upflows of $\approx 1.1 \mathrm{km/s}$ on their limbward side and weak downflows on their centerward side. The magnetic field in them is significantly weaker and more horizontal than in the adjacent dark filaments. conclusions: The data indicate the presence of vigorous convective rolls in filaments with a nearly horizontal magnetic field. These are separated by filaments harbouring stronger, more vertical fields. Because of reduced gas pressure, we see deeper into the latter. When observed near the limb, the disk-centerward side of the horizontal-field filaments appear bright due to the \textit{hot wall} effect known from faculae. We estimate that the convective rolls transport most of the energy needed to explain the penumbral radiative flux.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, letter to Astronomy & Astrophysics
Optomagnonic Josephson effect in antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Nakata, Kouki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining advanced technologies of optics and antiferromagnetic spintronics, we present a method to realize ultrafast spin transport. The optical Barnett effect provokes quasiequilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of magnons associated with the fully spin-polarized state in insulating antiferromagnets (AFs). This optomagnonic Barnett effect enables us to exploit coherent magnons of high frequency over the conventional ones of (sub-) terahertz associated with the Néel magnetic order. We show that the macroscopic coherence of those optical magnon BECs induces a spin current across the junction interface of weakly coupled two insulating AFs, and this optomagnonic Josephson effect realizes ultrafast spin transport. The period of the optomagnonic Josephson oscillation is much shorter than the conventional one of the order of picoseconds. Thus we propose a way to realize ultrafast spin transport in AFs by means of the macroscopic coherence of optical magnon BECs.
description: 6+6 pages, 2+1 figures, 3 tables
Optical coupling to spin waves in the cycloidal multiferroic BiFeO3
Creators: name: de Sousa, Rogerio
name: Moore, Joel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnon and optical phonon spectrum of an incommensurate multiferroic such as BiFeO3 is considered in the framework of a phenomenological Landau theory. The resulting spin wave spectrum is quite distinct from commensurate substances due to soft mode anisotropy and magnon zone folding. The former allows electrical control of spin wave propagation via reorientation of the spontaneous ferroelectric moment. The latter gives rise to multiple magneto-dielectric resonances due to the coupling of optical phonons at zero wavevector to magnons at integer multiples of the cycloid wavevector. These results show that the optical response of a multiferroic reveals much more about its magnetic excitations than previously anticipated on the basis of simpler models.
description: Final published version
The effects of ontogenic, microsystem and mesosystem variables on the outcome of child abuse
Creators: name: Papatola, Kathleen Joan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this investigation was to empirically test an ecological model of child abuse. The orientation of this model is to address the contexts in which individuals function. The three contexts pivotal to the current investigation are the ontogenic system, representing personality traits and the quality of care received by the mother in her childhood the microsystem, representing the dyadic relationships between the mother and her child, and the mother and the rest of her family; the microsystem, representing the relationship between the mother and her social network as well as the impact of life stress. A prospective method of investigation was used. One hundred seven women were selected from a larger pool of women previously identified as high risk. Half of these women were clearly abusing their children while the other half were providing adequate care. Discriminant function analyses were employed to determine the rates of prediction into abusing and nonabu-sing groups, first for individual systems, then for all three systems simultaneously. The hypotheses predicted a higher percentage of correct classification when all systems were considered together, rather than individually. These hypotheses were supported. An 86% rate of correct classification was obtained when ontogenic, microsystem and mesosystem variables were entered together. This is in contrast to a 76% rate of correct classification for ontogenic, 69% for microsystem and 76% for the mesosystem. The most powerful predictors were the quality of care the mother received in her own childhood, family continuity and life stress. Results from additional descriptive analyses suggest that women who abuse their children are not more socially isolated than those who do not abuse, nor are they more impulsive or hostile. Stress appeared to be an important variable only for those women who had, themselves, been victims of abuse. The results of this investigation suggest that multivariate methods are a fruitful direction for future inquiry into abuse etiology.
A semiclassical theory of the Anderson transition
Creators: name: Garcia-Garcia, Antonio M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study analytically the metal-insulator transition in a disordered conductor by combining the self-consistent theory of localization with the one parameter scaling theory. We provide explicit expressions of the critical exponents and the critical disorder as a function of the spatial dimensionality, $d$. The critical exponent $ν$ controlling the divergence of the localization length at the transition is found to be $ν= {1 \over 2}+ {1 \over {d-2}}$. This result confirms that the upper critical dimension is infinity. Level statistics are investigated in detail. We show that the two level correlation function decays exponentially and the number variance is linear with a slope which is an increasing function of the spatial dimensionality.
description: 4 pages, journal version
O COMPROMETIMENTO ORGANIZACIONAL E A MOTIVAÇÃO DO LÍDER MILITAR
Creators: name: Maria Inês E. S. L. De Andrade, Sandra L. E. O. De Almeida
Publisher: name: PROELIUM
Year: 2025

description: A relação entre o comprometimento organizacional e a motivação tem assumido especial interesse por parte das organizações pois, acredita-se, que a junção destes dois conceitos se possa transformar em criação de valor para as organizações e para os colaboradores. Por isso, através deste estudo realizado no âmbito da dissertação de Mestrado da Academia Militar, pretendemos enquadrar os conceitos de motivação e do comprometimento organizacional, em todas as suas dimensões, no contexto específico da Força Aérea Portuguesa, especialmente no que respeita aos militares oficiais dos quadros permanentes.


O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar se o Líder Militar está comprometido e motivado com a Força Aérea Portuguesa. Para a concretização dos objetivos foi aplicado um inquérito por questionário a 170 militares, composto por três escalas: Questionário sociodemográfico, Work Preference Inventory e a Escala do Comprometimento Organizacional.


Os oficiais dos quadros permanentes demonstram que estão comprometidos afetivamente com a instituição, bem como apresentam níveis significativos de motivação intrínseca e extrínseca.


Concluímos que os resultados demonstraram que os objetivos propostos nesta investigação foram cumpridos, uma vez que, o líder militar se encontra comprometido e motivado para com a organização e assume comportamentos que demonstram essa motivação.
description: PROELIUM, Vol. 8 N.º 15 (2025): Revista Proelium, VIII, 15
A Real-time Speaker Diarization System Based on Spatial Spectrum
Creators: name: Zheng, Siqi
name: Huang, Weilong
name: Wang, Xianliang
name: Suo, Hongbin
name: Feng, Jinwei
name: Yan, Zhijie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper we describe a speaker diarization system that enables localization and identification of all speakers present in a conversation or meeting. We propose a novel systematic approach to tackle several long-standing challenges in speaker diarization tasks: (1) to segment and separate overlapping speech from two speakers; (2) to estimate the number of speakers when participants may enter or leave the conversation at any time; (3) to provide accurate speaker identification on short text-independent utterances; (4) to track down speakers movement during the conversation; (5) to detect speaker change incidence real-time. First, a differential directional microphone array-based approach is exploited to capture the target speakers' voice in far-field adverse environment. Second, an online speaker-location joint clustering approach is proposed to keep track of speaker location. Third, an instant speaker number detector is developed to trigger the mechanism that separates overlapped speech. The results suggest that our system effectively incorporates spatial information and achieves significant gains.
description: Published in ICASSP 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP);
MEDICATION RECONCILIATION: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
Creators: name: Konrad, Sharon L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Medication reconciliation is a vital component of safe patient care and improving the safe use of medications in hospitals has been a Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goal since 2009 (The Joint Commission, 2020; Shah, Ishmael, & Wright, 2015). The Institute of Medicine’s report To Err Is Human: Building A Safer Health System drew attention to the medical errors occurring in United States hospitals and subsequent studies suggest the rates of medical errors are increasing (Bosma et al., 2017; Classen et al., 2011; Kohn, Corrigan, & Donaldson, 2000; Lopez-Martin, Aquerreta, Faus, & Idoate, 2014). The goal of this quality improvement (QI) project was to improve the completeness of medication reconciliations for patients directly admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) within 20 hours of admission. A multimodal nurse driven intervention to improve medication reconciliation in an adult ICU in a large urban hospital was developed, implemented, and evaluated. The conceptual framework used for the QI project was the Plan-Do-Study-Act method. The QI project entailed asking the patient or family member to complete a form listing current medications and nurses were asked to complete a survey about their perception of the change in the medication reconciliation process. Baseline and post-implementation data were collected and compared to the implementation phase. Seventeen nurses participated in the QI project. Survey results about their perceptions of the medication reconciliation process change showed all nurses agreed that the form was helpful, and the average time saved was 6 to 10 minutes. Submissions of the medication reconciliation documentation iii in the electronic health record improved from 92.7% prior to the QI project to 100% both during the project implementation period and for the following four weeks. However, it was noted that there was missing information about medication dose, frequency, and last time taken in several medication reconciliations. Ways to improve accuracy in documentation will need to be investigated as the next step in improving medication reconciliation.
Machine-learning accelerated turbulence modelling of transient flashing jets
Creators: name: Schmidt, David
name: Maulik, Romit
name: Lyras, Konstantinos G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modelling the sudden depressurisation of superheated liquids through nozzles is a challenge because the pressure drop causes rapid flash boiling of the liquid. The resulting jet usually demonstrates a wide range of structures, including ligaments and droplets, due to both mechanical and thermodynamic effects. As the simulation comprises increasingly numerous phenomena, the computational cost begins to increase. One way to moderate the additional cost is to use machine learning surrogacy for specific elements of the calculations. The present study presents a machine learning-assisted computational fluid dynamics approach for simulating the atomisation of flashing liquids accounting for distinct stages, from primary atomisation to secondary break-up to small droplets using the $Σ$-Y model coupled with the homogeneous relaxation model. Notably, the model for the thermodynamic non-equilibrium (HRM) and $Σ$-Y are coupled, for the first time, with a deep neural network that simulates the turbulence quantities, which are then used in the prediction of superheated liquid jet atomisation. The data-driven component of the method is used for turbulence modelling, avoiding the solution of the two-equation turbulence model typically used for Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations for these problems. Both the accuracy and speed of the hybrid approach are evaluated, demonstrating adequate accuracy and at least 25% faster computational fluid dynamics simulations than the traditional approach. This acceleration suggests that perhaps additional components of the calculation could be replaced for even further benefit.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
Microlensing Detections of Moons of Exoplanets
Creators: name: Han, Cheongho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the characteristic of microlensing signals of Earth-like moons orbiting ice-giant planets. From this, we find that non-negligible satellite signals occur when the planet-moon separation is similar to or greater than the Einstein radius of the planet. We find that the satellite signal does not diminish with the increase of the planet-moon separation beyond the Einstein radius of the planet unlike the planetary signal which vanishes when the planet is located well beyond the Einstein radius of the star. We also find that the satellite signal tends to have the same sign as that of the planetary signal. These tendencies are caused by the lensing effect of the star on the moon in addition to the effect of the planet. We determine the range of satellite separations where the microlensing technique is optimized for the detections of moons. By setting an upper limit as the angle-average of the projected Hill radius and a lower limit as the half of the Einstein radius of the planet, we find that the microlensing method would be sensitive to moons with projected separations from the planet of $0.05 {\rm AU} \lesssim d_{\rm p} \lesssim 0.24 {\rm AU}$ for a Jupiter-mass planet, $0.03 {\rm AU}\lesssim d_{\rm p} \lesssim 0.17 {\rm AU}$ for a Saturn-mass planet, and $0.01 {\rm AU} \lesssim d_{\rm p} \lesssim 0.08 {\rm AU}$ for a Uranus-mass planet. We compare the characteristics of the moons to be detected by the microlensing and transit techniques
description: 6pages, 6 figures
Xar-Trek: Run-time Execution Migration among FPGAs and Heterogeneous-ISA CPUs
Creators: name: Horta, Edson
name: Chuang, Ho-Ren
name: VSathish, Naarayanan Rao
name: Philippidis, Cesar
name: Barbalace, Antonio
name: Olivier, Pierre
name: Ravindran, Binoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Datacenter servers are increasingly heterogeneous: from x86 host CPUs, to ARM or RISC-V CPUs in NICs/SSDs, to FPGAs. Previous works have demonstrated that migrating application execution at run-time across heterogeneous-ISA CPUs can yield significant performance and energy gains, with relatively little programmer effort. However, FPGAs have often been overlooked in that context: hardware acceleration using FPGAs involves statically implementing select application functions, which prohibits dynamic and transparent migration. We present Xar-Trek, a new compiler and run-time software framework that overcomes this limitation. Xar-Trek compiles an application for several CPU ISAs and select application functions for acceleration on an FPGA, allowing execution migration between heterogeneous-ISA CPUs and FPGAs at run-time. Xar-Trek's run-time monitors server workloads and migrates application functions to an FPGA or to heterogeneous-ISA CPUs based on a scheduling policy. We develop a heuristic policy that uses application workload profiles to make scheduling decisions. Our evaluations conducted on a system with x86-64 server CPUs, ARM64 server CPUs, and an Alveo accelerator card reveal 88%-1% performance gains over no-migration baselines.
Population synthesis of neutron star X-ray binaries associated with supernova remnants
Creators: name: Xing, Ze-pei
name: Li, Xiang-dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron star X-ray binaries (NS XRBs) associated with supernova remnants (SNRs) are the youngest X-ray binaries that can provide insights into the early evolution of X-ray binaries and the formation properties of neutron stars. There are an increasing number of NS XRBs discovered to be harbored in SNRs in our and nearby galaxies. In this work, we perform binary population synthesis calculations to simulate the population of NS XRBs associated with SNRs for different types of companions, including Roche-lobe overfilling main-sequence stars, Be stars and supergiants. We estimate their birthrates and present the distributions of orbital parameters and companion mass for each type of companions. Our calculations show that the majority of them are Be X-ray binaries (BeXRBs) and that a few BeXRBs are expected to be associated with SNRs in a Milky Way-type galaxy.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ