cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Violence against people with disability in Australia - Fact Sheet No. 1
Creators: name: SUTHERLAND, GEORGINA
name: Krnjacki, Lauren
name: HARGRAVE, JEN
name: KAVANAGH, ANNE
name: Llewellyn, Gwynnyth
name: Bollier, Anne-Marie
name: Alex, Sully
Publisher: name: University of Melbourne
Year: 2021
Subjects: Public health not elsewhere classified
Welfare, insurance, disability and social security law
Health policy
People with disability

description: In Australia people with disability are more likely to experience violence than people without disability.

This fact sheet is part of a series on violence against people with disability in Australia and is based on current data for men and women aged 18 to 64 years. Data are sourced from national surveys where people have reported on their experience of violence in the last 12 months (recent experience) and since the age of 15 (lifetime experience). We recognise that not all people with disability are represented in these surveys, and that rates of violence may be under-reported.

This first fact sheet is an overall summary of the prevalence of physical violence, sexual violence and stalking and harassment against people with disability, based on the Personal Safety Survey 2016 and the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia, for trends over time.
This fact sheet was produced by the team at the Centre of Research Excellence in Disability and Health (CRE-DH) and funded by the Melbourne Disability Institute.
Uploaded here are pdf and word (plain language) versions.
www.credh.org.au
Characteristics of BrC and BC emissions from controlled diffusion flame and diesel engine combustion
Creators: name: Malmborg, Vilhelm
name: Eriksson, Axel
name: Gren, Louise
name: Török, Sandra
name: Shamun, Sam
name: Novakovic, Maja
name: Zhang, Yilong
name: Kook, Sanghoon
name: Tunér, Martin
name: Bengtsson, Per-Erik
name: Pagels, Joakim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Constraining the climate impact of particulate brown carbon (BrC) will require identification of formation mechanisms and isolation of its different components to allow for source apportionment. For fresh combustion aerosols, the light absorption characteristics and the Absorption Ångstrom Exponent (AAE) are principally controlled by the combustion conditions in which the particles formed and evolved. We investigated the influence of combustion temperatures on the BrC or black carbon (BC) emission characteristics for a miniCAST soot generator (propane fuel) and a modern heavy-duty diesel engine (petroleum diesel and two renewable diesel fuels). Changes in the AAE, mass spectral signatures, and thermal-optical characteristics were studied. We show that changing operating parameters to gradually reduce the combustion temperatures in these two fundamentally different combustion devices result in a regression from BC dominated to BrC dominated particle emissions. The regression toward BrC was associated with: (1) an increasing mass fraction of particulate non-refractory polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), (2) an increasing fraction of refractory organic carbon, (3) more curved soot nanostructures and shorter fringe lengths, and (4) increased signal from (refractory) large carbon fragments in IR laser-vaporization aerosol mass spectra. Based on these results we argue that fresh BrC dominated combustion aerosols are attributed to primary emissions from low temperature combustion, highlighting the influence of refractory constituents and soot nanostructure. Higher temperatures favor the growth of conjugated polyaromatic structures in the soot, a progression hypothesized to control the evolution from BrC to BC character of the emitted aerosols.
The impact of galactic feedback on the shapes of dark-matter haloes
Creators: name: Chua, Kun Ting Eddie
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantify the impact of galaxy formation on dark matter halo shapes using cosmological simulations at redshift $z=0$. The haloes are drawn from the IllustrisTNG project, a suite of magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of galaxies. We focus on haloes of mass $10^{10-14} M_\odot$ from the 50-Mpc (TNG50) and 100-Mpc (TNG100) boxes, and compare them to dark matter-only (DMO) analogues and other simulations e.g. NIHAO and Eagle. We further quantify the prediction uncertainty by varying the baryonic feedback models in a series of smaller 25 Mpc $h^{-1}$ boxes. We find that: (i) galaxy formation results in rounder haloes compared to the DMO simulations, in qualitative agreement with past hydrodynamic models. Haloes of mass $\approx 2\times 10^{12} M_\odot$ are most spherical, with an average minor-to-major axis ratio of $\left< s \right> \approx 0.75$ in the inner halo, an increase of 40 per cent compared to their DMO counterparts. No significant change in halo shape is found for low-mass $10^{10} M_\odot$ haloes; (ii) stronger feedback, e.g. increasing galactic wind speed, reduces the impact of baryons; (iii) the inner halo shape correlates with the stellar mass fraction, which can explain the dependence of halo shapes on different feedback models; (iv) the fiducial and weaker feedback models are most consistent with observational estimates of the Milky Way halo shape. Yet, at fixed halo mass, very diverse and possibly unrealistic feedback models all predict inner halo shapes that are closer to one another than to the DMO results. This implies that a larger observational sample would be required to statistically distinguish between different baryonic prescriptions due to large halo-to-halo variation in halo shapes.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
Violence against people with disability in Australia - Fact Sheet No. 1
Creators: name: SUTHERLAND, GEORGINA
name: Krnjacki, Lauren
name: HARGRAVE, JEN
name: KAVANAGH, ANNE
name: Llewellyn, Gwynnyth
name: Bollier, Anne-Marie
name: Alex, Sully
Publisher: name: University of Melbourne
Year: 2020
Subjects: Public health not elsewhere classified
Welfare, insurance, disability and social security law
Health policy
People with disability

description: In Australia people with disability are more likely to experience violence than people without disability.

This fact sheet is part of a series on violence against people with disability in Australia and is based on current data for men and women aged 18 to 64 years. Data are sourced from national surveys where people have reported on their experience of violence in the last 12 months (recent experience) and since the age of 15 (lifetime experience). We recognise that not all people with disability are represented in these surveys, and that rates of violence may be under-reported.

This first fact sheet is an overall summary of the prevalence of physical violence, sexual violence and stalking and harassment against people with disability, based on the Personal Safety Survey 2016 and the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia, for trends over time.
This fact sheet was produced by the team at the Centre of Research Excellence in Disability and Health (CRE-DH) and funded by the Melbourne Disability Institute.
Uploaded here are pdf and word (plain language) versions.
www.credh.org.au
Reduction principle for Gaussian $K$-inequality
Creators: name: Baena-Miret, Sergi
name: Gogatishvili, Amiran
name: Mihula, Zdeněk
name: Pick, Luboš
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B70 (Primary) 46E30, 47H30 (Secondary)

description: We study interpolation properties of operators (not necessarily linear) which satisfy a specific $K$-inequality corresponding to endpoints defined in terms of Orlicz--Karamata spaces modeled upon the example of the Gaussian--Sobolev embedding. We prove a reduction principle for a fairly wide class of such operators.
description: 20 pages
Nuclear magnetic resonance of ion implanted $^8$Li in ZnO
Creators: name: Adelman, Jonah R.
name: Fujimoto, Derek
name: Dehn, Martin H.
name: Dunsiger, Sarah R.
name: Karner, Victoria L.
name: Levy, C. D. Philip
name: Li, Ruohong
name: McKenzie, Iain
name: McFadden, Ryan M. L.
name: Morris, Gerald D.
name: Pearson, Matthew R.
name: Stachura, Monika
name: Thoeng, Edward
name: Ticknor, John O.
name: Ohashi, Naoki
name: Kojima, Kenji M.
name: MacFarlane, W. Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the stability and magnetic state of ion implanted $^8$Li in single crystals of the semiconductor ZnO using $β$-detected nuclear magnetic resonance. At ultradilute concentrations, the spectra reveal distinct Li sites from 7.6 to 400 K. Ionized shallow donor interstitial Li is stable across the entire temperature range, confirming its ability to self-compensate the acceptor character of its (Zn) substitutional counterpart. Above 300 K, spin-lattice relaxation indicates the onset of correlated local motion of interacting defects, and the spectra show a site change transition from disordered configurations to substitutional. Like the interstitial, the substitutional shows no resolved hyperfine splitting, indicating it is also fully ionized above 210 K. The electric field gradient at the interstitial $^8$Li exhibits substantial temperature dependence with a power law typical of non-cubic metals.
description: 15 pages and 11 figures
Performance of nanofibrous media in portable air cleaners
Creators: name: Givehchi, Raheleh
name: Du, Bowen
name: Razavi, Maryam
name: Tan, Zhongchao
name: Siegel, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The benefits of nanofibrous media have been extensively explored in laboratory-scale research but are less clear in real filtration applications. Thus, this study investigated the links between the size-resolved filtration efficiency of nanofibrous media mounted in portable air cleaners in a chamber test and results from the media mounted in a cone-shape filter holder in a more conventional duct test. Results showed a similar trend for the filtration efficiency curves for these two experimental tests, despite differences in test type, challenge aerosol, instrumentation, and the calculation of filtration efficiency. Long-term operation, surface area blockage, and isopropyl alcohol treatment adversely impacted the filtration efficiency of the tested nanofibrous media in the chamber test, with a different magnitude of impact for three different media tested. The filtration efficiencies were lower than most of the previously reported data in the literature, which may be due to the differences in medium type, fiber diameter, filter thickness, porosity, face velocity, filter charge, and the number of filter layers. This study suggests the needs for determining the performance of nanofibrous media in terms of filtration efficiency and quality factor in real environmental systems. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
Convergence to infinite-dimensional compound Poisson distributions on convex polyhedra
Creators: name: Götze, Friedrich
name: Zaitsev, Andrei Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05 (Primary) 60E15, 60G50 (Secondary)

description: The aim of the present work is to provide a supplement to the authors' paper (2018). It is shown that our results on the approximation of distributions of sums of independent summands by the accompanying compound Poisson laws and the estimates of the proximity of sequential convolutions of multidimensional distributions on convex polyhedra may be almost automatically transferred to the infinite-dimensional case.
description: 7 pages.Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, 2021, v.501, 118-125 (in Russian) arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1812.07473
The K2 Galactic Archaeology Program: Overview, target selection and survey properties
Creators: name: Sharma, Sanjib
name: Stello, Dennis
name: Zinn, Joel C.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: K2 was a community-driven NASA mission where all targets were proposed through guest observer programs. Among those, the K2 Galactic Archaeology Program (K2GAP) was devoted to measuring asteroseismic signals from giant stars to inform studies of the Galaxy, with about 25% of the observed K2 targets being allocated to this program. Here, we provide an overview of this program. We discuss in detail the target selection procedure and provide a python code that implements the selection function, see https://github.com/sanjibs/k2gap . Additionally, we discuss the detection completeness of the asteroseismic parameters $ν_{\rm max}$ and $Δν$. Broadly speaking, the targets were selected based on 2MASS color $J-Ks > 0.5$, with finely tuned adjustments for each campaign. Making use of the selection function we compare the observed distribution of asteroseismic masses to theoretical predictions. The median asteroseismic mass is higher by about 4% compared to predictions. Additionally, the number of seismic detections is on average 14% lower than expected. We provide a selection-function-matched mock catalog of stars based on a synthetic model of the Galaxy for the community to be used in subsequent analyses of the K2GAP data set, see http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/k2gap .
description: 20 pages, 15 figures, submitted to MNRAS
The CICAM method for in situ detection of aerosol acidity using colorimetry integrated with camera
Creators: name: Madhu, Azad
name: Yu, Zechen
name: Jang, Myoseon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The measurement of aerosol acidity is important to have a comprehensive understanding of aerosol chemistry, the adverse health effects of particulate matter, and climate. The Colorimetry Integrated with CAMera (CICAM) method is demonstrated to detect the color change of a filter (impregnated with an acid indicator), after the application of an acidic aerosol, using digital images. The CICAM images were analyzed by a computer program that employs the Matplotlib Library in python to decouple the camera image to the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) scale. The calibration of the CICAM method for the detection of proton concentration ([H+], mol L−1) in aerosol was performed with regard to the change of the G color component. The Colorimetry integrated with Reflective UV spectrometry (C-RUV) method that has recently been developed to detect [H+] in aerosol collected on a dyed filter using a micro-UV spectrometer can provide a lower uncertainty and a limit of detection that is an order of magnitude lower than the CICAM method, but is significantly more expensive. The CICAM method allows for the online detection of aerosol acidity utilizing a commercialized camera and LED light. The relationship between CICAM and C-RUV was also demonstrated by translating C-RUV spectral data into RGB values. Remarkably, the Green values measured by CICAM were statistically similar to the Green values obtained from C-RUV data. Therefore, we conclude that the CICAM and C-RUV method are comparable in their use for the prediction of proton concentration.
Measurement of Sub-3 nm flame-generated particles using butanol CPCs in boosted conditions
Creators: name: Sharma, Girish
name: Wang, Mengda
name: Attoui, Michel
name: You, Xiaoqing
name: Biswas, Pratim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: While condensation particle counters (CPCs) are routinely used to measure particle number concentrations in the size range from 3 to 1000 nm, the detection efficiency for sub-3 nm particles remains relatively poor. In this study, the performance of an ultrafine butanol based CPC for the measurement of alkyl ammonium halide ions, flame-generated particles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and soot is evaluated. Homogenous nucleation of butanol vapors, and detection efficiency of THAB ions are systematically evaluated for a range of saturator temperatures (39-45 °C) and capillary flow rates (30-70 sccm). The optimal operating conditions with minimal background interferences was found to be a saturator temperature of 45 °C and capillary flow rate of 70 sccm. Flame generated particles of TiO2 and soot were activated more readily than the alkyl ammonium halide salts of similar mobility diameters, especially in the below 1.6 nm mobility size range, whereas above 1.6 nm the detection efficiency is independent of particle material, but depends on particle size. The negative charge on the particles is found to promote activation with butanol vapors leading to higher activation efficiencies than positively charged particles. Finally, the importance of butanol as a working fluid, and its calibration for precise measurement of sub-3 nm particles is discussed. This will enable researchers to perform experiments using a ‘conventional’ CPC with boosted conditions for the understanding of early stages of particle formation and growth in different aerosol reactors.
Upper Limit on the Proton Lifetime in Minimal Supersymetric SU(5)
Creators: name: Evans, Jason L.
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In minimal supersymmetric SU(5) models, the proton can decay through dimension 5 operators. Since this decay depends directly on the supersymmetric soft masses, it will be constrained by other observables which depend on the soft masses, such as the Higgs mass and the dark matter relic density. In this work, we will examine the upper limit on the proton lifetime in minimal supersymmetric SU(5) with constrained minimal supersymmetric (CMSSM) boundary conditions set at the grand unification scale. We perform a random scan over the variables of the (CMSSM), with of order $10^{6}$ points, and find that the proton lifetime is within reach of JUNO and Hyper-Kamiokande's experiment.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Performance of Nanofibrous Media in Portable Air Cleaners
Creators: name: Givehchi, Raheleh
name: Du, Bowen
name: Razavi, Maryam
name: Tan, Zhongchao
name: Siegel, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The benefits of nanofibrous media have been extensively explored in laboratory-scale research but are less clear in real filtration applications. Thus, this study investigated the links between the size-resolved filtration efficiency of nanofibrous media mounted in portable air cleaners in a chamber test and results from the media mounted in a cone-shape filter holder in a more conventional duct test. Results showed a similar trend for the filtration efficiency curves for these two experimental tests, despite differences in test type, challenge aerosol, instrumentation, and the calculation of filtration efficiency. Long-term operation, surface area blockage, and isopropyl alcohol treatment adversely impacted the filtration efficiency of the tested nanofibrous media in the chamber test, with a different magnitude of impact for three different media tested. The filtration efficiencies were lower than most of previously reported data in the literature, which may be due to the differences in medium type, fiber diameter, filter thickness, porosity, face velocity, filter charge, and the number of filter layers. This study suggests the needs for determining the performance of nanofibrous media in terms of filtration efficiency and quality factor in real environmental systems.
Allometric tail spine-DATA.xlsx
Creators: name: Gu, Lei
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 60807 Animal Structure and Function
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: The
allometric tail spine and its underlying resource allocation strategy in Daphnia responding to predation risk
Acoustic Neutrino Detection In a Adriatic Multidisciplinary Observatory (ANDIAMO)
Creators: name: Marinelli, Antonio
name: Migliozzi, Pasquale
name: Simonelli, Andreino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of cosmic accelerators able to emit charged particles up to EeV energies has been confirmed by the observations made in the last years by experiments such as Auger and Telescope Array. The interaction of such energetic cosmic-rays with gas or low energy photons, surrounding the astrophysical sources or present in the intergalactic medium, guarantee an ultra-high-energy neutrino related emission. When these energetic neutrinos interact in a medium produce a thermo-acoustic process where the energy of generated particle cascades can be conveyed in a pressure pulse propagating into the same medium. The kilometric attenuation length as well as the well-defined shape of the expected pulse suggest a large-area-undersea-array of acoustic sensors as an ideal observatory. For this scope, we propose to exploit the existing and no more operative offshore (oil rigs) powered platforms in the Adriatic sea as the main infrastructure to build an acoustic submarine array of dedicated hydrophones covering a surface area up to 10000 Km$^{2}$ and a volume up to 500 Km$^3$. In this work we describe the advantages of this detector concept using a ray tracing technique as well as the scientific goals linked to the challenging purpose of observing for the first time ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrinos. This observatory will be complementary to the dedicated radio array detectors with the advantages of avoiding any possible thermo-acoustic noise from the atmospheric muons.
Time delay estimation in unresolved lensed quasars
Creators: name: Biggio, L.
name: Domi, A.
name: Tosi, S.
name: Vernardos, G.
name: Ricci, D.
name: Paganin, L.
name: Bracco, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-delay cosmography can be used to infer the Hubble parameter $H_0$ by measuring the relative time delays between multiple images of gravitationally-lensed quasars. A few of such systems have already been used to measure $H_0$: their time delays were determined from the multiple images light curves obtained by regular, years long, monitoring campaigns. Such campaigns can hardly be performed by any telescope: many facilities are often over-subscribed with a large amount of observational requests to fulfill. While the ideal systems for time-delay measurements are lensed quasars whose images are well resolved by the instruments, several lensed quasars have a small angular separation between the multiple images, and would appear as a single, unresolved, image to a large number of telescopes featuring poor angular resolutions or located in not privileged geographical locations. Methods allowing to infer the time delay also from unresolved light curves would boost the potential of such telescopes and greatly increase the available statistics for $H_0$ measurements. This work presents a study of unresolved lensed quasar systems to estimate the time delay using a deep learning-based approach that exploits the capabilities of one-dimensional convolutional neural networks. Experiments on state-of-the-art simulations of unresolved light curves show the potential of the proposed method and pave the way for future applications in time-delay cosmography.
Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Two-View Mammography Using End-to-End Trained EfficientNet-Based Convolutional Network
Creators: name: Petrini, Daniel G. P.
name: Shimizu, Carlos
name: Roela, Rosimeire A.
name: Valente, Gabriel V.
name: Folgueira, Maria A. A. K.
name: Kim, Hae Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Some recent studies have described deep convolutional neural networks to diagnose breast cancer in mammograms with similar or even superior performance to that of human experts. One of the best techniques does two transfer learnings: the first uses a model trained on natural images to create a "patch classifier" that categorizes small subimages; the second uses the patch classifier to scan the whole mammogram and create the "single-view whole-image classifier". We propose to make a third transfer learning to obtain a "two-view classifier" to use the two mammographic views: bilateral craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique. We use EfficientNet as the basis of our model. We "end-to-end" train the entire system using CBIS-DDSM dataset. To ensure statistical robustness, we test our system twice using: (a) 5-fold cross validation; and (b) the original training/test division of the dataset. Our technique reached an AUC of 0.9344 using 5-fold cross validation (accuracy, sensitivity and specificity are 85.13% at the equal error rate point of ROC). Using the original dataset division, our technique achieved an AUC of 0.8483, as far as we know the highest reported AUC for this problem, although the subtle differences in the testing conditions of each work do not allow for an accurate comparison. The inference code and model are available at https://github.com/dpetrini/two-views-classifier
description: Updated to published version in IEEE Access
Filtration Efficiency, Breathability, and Reusability of Improvised Materials for Face Masks
Creators: name: Bagheri, Morteza H.
name: Khalaji, Iman
name: Azizi, Arad
name: Loibl, Rebecca T.
name: Basualdo, Natalia
name: Manzo, Scott
name: Gorrepati, Madhu L.
name: Mehendale, Shilpa
name: Mohr, Catherine
name: Schiffres, Scott N.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The goal of this study is to evaluate the filtration efficiency and breathability of improvised filtration and commonly available mask materials, as well as to assess their reusability. Materials readily available to the general public such as cotton, fragrance and additive-free dry baby cleaning wipes, and those abundantly available in the hospital setting, such as sterilization wraps, were chosen for testing, amongst others. In the COVID-important 2–5 μm particle range, two-layers of cotton provided filtration efficiency between 34%–66%. Amongst potential filter materials, 300-weight sterilization wraps provided approximately 80% filtration efficiency and are readily available in the healthcare setting. The addition of sterilization wrap to cotton fabrics brought the filtration efficiency to above that of the sterilization wrap (80%-90%) at the expense of added pressure drop. Four-layers of dry baby wipes performed very well with a filtration efficiency of 85% and a reasonable pressure drop (1/3 of procedure mask). Since the material is advertised as pure spunlace polypropylene and designed to contact the skin during cleaning, it would appear generally safe as a filter insert. Of improvised filters, polypropylene electrostatic HVAC filters performed the best with filtration efficiencies of >99%, but are not recommended due to the risk of confusion with glass-based HVAC filters and uncertainty regarding trace materials used in the filter. The filtration efficiency of two-layers of cotton fabrics with one-layer of sterilization wrap slightly improved over 10 laundry cycles, while the performance of other non-wovens, like dry baby wipes, degraded more rapidly and should be considered disposable. In summary, we found that two-layers of cotton fabric can provide a comfortable, breathable and reusable option. The addition of a sterilization wrap or four-layers of pure spunlace fragrance free dry baby wipes can significantly improve filtration and block expiratory aerosols at the expense of an added pressure drop.
Design Systems and Component Packages as an Interface for Accessibility - Supplementary material
Creators: name: Diniz Melo Santos, Sofia
name: Gama, Kiev
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 461202
subject: Empirical software engineering
classificationCode: 460806
subject: Human-computer interaction

description: Supplementary material for the article "Design Systems and Component Packages as an Interface for Accessibility" published at the XXXVIII Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering
Performance of nanofibrous media in portable air cleaners
Creators: name: Raheleh Givehchi
name: Du, Bowen
name: Razavi, Maryam
name: Zhongchao Tan
name: Siegel, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The benefits of nanofibrous media have been extensively explored in laboratory-scale research but are less clear in real filtration applications. Thus, this study investigated the links between the size-resolved filtration efficiency of nanofibrous media mounted in portable air cleaners in a chamber test and results from the media mounted in a cone-shape filter holder in a more conventional duct test. Results showed a similar trend for the filtration efficiency curves for these two experimental tests, despite differences in test type, challenge aerosol, instrumentation, and the calculation of filtration efficiency. Long-term operation, surface area blockage, and isopropyl alcohol treatment adversely impacted the filtration efficiency of the tested nanofibrous media in the chamber test, with a different magnitude of impact for three different media tested. The filtration efficiencies were lower than most of the previously reported data in the literature, which may be due to the differences in medium type, fiber diameter, filter thickness, porosity, face velocity, filter charge, and the number of filter layers. This study suggests the needs for determining the performance of nanofibrous media in terms of filtration efficiency and quality factor in real environmental systems. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
A note on the two dimensional Lagrangian mean curvature equation
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Arunima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note, we use Warren-Yuan's super isoperimetric inequality on the level sets of subharmonic functions, which is available only in two dimensions, to derive a modified Hessian bound for solutions of the two dimensional Lagrangian mean curvature equation. We assume the Lagrangian phase to be supercritical with bounded second derivatives. Unlike the previous approach, the simplified approach in this proof does not require the Michael-Simon mean value and Sobolev inequalities on generalized submanifolds of $\mathbb{R}^n$.
description: Minor revisions: The statement of Lemma 2.1 has been modified. Remarks 1.1 and 2.1 have been added to clarify the existing literature on the critical phase problem. v2: To appear in Pacific Journal of Mathematics (2022)
DESIGNED LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN COMPUTER LEARNING AID
Creators: name: Egamberdiyeva, Dildora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The use of computers in teaching and overtime work is an effective way to improve motivation and individualization of instruction. Integration of usual lesson with a computer allows the teacher to shift part of their work on the computer, while the learning process becomes more interesting and intense. The computer does not replace the teacher, but only complements it. The use of computer technology makes the lesson more exciting and allows to make an informed choice for best training.
System Security Assurance: A Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Shukla, Ankur
name: Katt, Basel
name: Nweke, Livinus Obiora
name: Yeng, Prosper Kandabongee
name: Weldehawaryat, Goitom Kahsay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: System security assurance provides the confidence that security features, practices, procedures, and architecture of software systems mediate and enforce the security policy and are resilient against security failure and attacks. Alongside the significant benefits of security assurance, the evolution of new information and communication technology (ICT) introduces new challenges regarding information protection. Security assurance methods based on the traditional tools, techniques, and procedures may fail to account new challenges due to poor requirement specifications, static nature, and poor development processes. The common criteria (CC) commonly used for security evaluation and certification process also comes with many limitations and challenges. In this paper, extensive efforts have been made to study the state-of-the-art, limitations and future research directions for security assurance of the ICT and cyber-physical systems (CPS) in a wide range of domains. We conducted a systematic review of requirements, processes, and activities involved in system security assurance including security requirements, security metrics, system and environments and assurance methods. We highlighted the challenges and gaps that have been identified by the existing literature related to system security assurance and corresponding solutions. Finally, we discussed the limitations of the present methods and future research directions.
Justicia bolavenensis Y. F. Deng 2022, nom. nov.
Creators: name: Deng, Yun-Fei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Acanthaceae
Justicia
Justicia bolavenensis

description: Justicia bolavenensis Y. F. Deng, nom. nov.
Replaced name: Justicia vagabunda var. laxiflora K. Yamaz. & Tagane, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 72: 163. 2021.
Type:— Laos. Champasak Province: Dong Hua Sao National Protected Area [Bolaven Plateau], Paksong District, near Nong Luang Village, elev. 1,244 m, 15°04ʹ44.07ʺN, 106°12ʹ15.90ʺE, 18 Dec. 2019, fl. & fr., Souladeth P., Tagane S., Kongxaysavath D., Rueangruea S., Suddee S., Suyama Y., Suzuki E. L 3418 (holotype: FOF; isotypes: BKF, KAG [KAG155782]).
Etymology:—The specific epithet is derived from its type locality, Bolaven Plateau.
Distribution:—The species is only known from its type locality, Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Laos.
description: Published as part of Deng, Yun-Fei, 2022, The identity of Justicia vagabunda var. laxiflora (Acanthaceae), pp. 106-108 in Phytotaxa 536 (1) on page 107, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/6224591
The ‘good, bad and merit’ arguments in Australian news coverage of workplace gender diversity
Creators: name: SOJO, VICTOR
name: FINE, CORDELIA
name: LAWFORD-SMITH, HOLLY
name: YANG, ZIYING
name: VERSPOOR, Karin
Publisher: name: University of Melbourne
Year: 2020
Subjects: Human resources management
Organisational behaviour
Media studies
Applied computing not elsewhere classified
Natural language processing
Gender studies not elsewhere classified

description: A topic modelling and qualitative analysis of Australian high-circulation newspapers' representation of workplace gender diversity.
Spectroscopic evidence of high temperature superconductivity in VSe2
Creators: name: Yilmaz, Turgut
name: Vescovo, Elio
name: Sadowski, Jerzy T.
name: Sinkovic, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission experiments reveal subtle modifications of the surface electronic structure of VSe2. Most remarkably, we show that superconductivity can be induced in VSe2 by the right selection of substrate and growth parameters. Evidence for the superconducting state comes from the simultaneous detection of spectral kink, quasiparticle peak, Fermi gap, and their evolution with the temperature. The observation of Bogoliubov-like back-bending bands at low temperatures, signaling electron-hole pairing, further supports the presence of superconductivity in this system. The photoemission experiment also provides evidence for a formation of a pseudogap state at high temperatures, characterized by the progressive quenching of the quasiparticle peak feature coexisting with a persistent gap at the Fermi level, a behavior reminiscent of high-Tc superconductors. We attributed the origin of superconductivity in these VSe2 films to a modified Fermi surface combined with the formation of van Hove singularity points with a binding energy corresponding to the chemical potential of the system. Although Tc cannot be accurately determined from photoemission data, observations based on the survival temperature of the quasiparticle peak suggest that Tc could be as high as 100 ? 5 K and substantially higher than previous reports for any transition metal dichalcogenides.
description: 3 figures, 8 pages
Risk profiling: Familial colorectal cancer
Creators: name: WIN, AUNG KO
name: AIT OUAKRIM, DRISS
name: JENKINS, MARK
Publisher: name: University of Melbourne
Year: 2020
Subjects: Oncology and carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified

description: Family history of colorectal cancer is a well-established and consistently strong risk factor for this disease. However, simply counting the number of affected relatives is an imprecise measure of colorectal cancer risk. We have reviewed current colorectal cancer screening guidelines from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the US, and UK, and found that all, including the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council 2005 guidelines, assign people to risk categories largely based on age and rudimentary metrics of family history and recommend screening regimens. We claim that these guidelines are not sufficiently precise for a large proportion of people within these categories, as there is a substantial variation in colorectal cancer risk, even for people with the same family history, and even for people with a predisposing mutation in the same gene, or set of genes. If there was a tool to estimate individual colorectal cancer risk based on all known risk factors for the disease - personal and family history of cancer (including ages, ages at diagnoses, and genetic relationships across multiple generations), all known genetic factors (rare high-risk genetic mutations as well as common genetic variants), environmental factors and personal characteristics - then accurate prediction of future risk of colorectal cancer (personalised risk) may be possible. The development and utility of such a comprehensive risk prediction tool is important for appropriate personalised clinical management, including targeted colorectal cancer screening.
On multi-species diffusion with size exclusion
Creators: name: Hopf, Katharina
name: Burger, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We revisit a classical continuum model for the diffusion of multiple species with size-exclusion constraint, which leads to a degenerate nonlinear cross-diffusion system. The purpose of this article is twofold: first, it aims at a systematic study of the question of existence of weak solutions and their long-time asymptotic behaviour. Second, it provides a weak-strong stability estimate for a wide range of coefficients, which had been missing so far. In order to achieve the results mentioned above, we exploit the formal gradient-flow structure of the model with respect to a logarithmic entropy, which leads to best estimates in the full-interaction case, where all cross-diffusion coefficients are non-zero. Those are crucial to obtain the minimal Sobolev regularity needed for a weak-strong stability result. For meaningful cases when some of the coefficients vanish, we provide a novel existence result based on approximation by the full-interaction case.
Astrophysical Gravitational-Wave Echoes from Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Gondán, László
name: Kocsis, Bence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic nuclei (GNs) are dense stellar environments abundant in gravitational-wave (GW) sources for LIGO, VIRGO, and KAGRA. The GWs may be generated by stellar-mass black hole (BH) or neutron star mergers following gravitational bremsstrahlung, dynamical scattering encounters, Kozai-Lidov type oscillations driven by the central supermassive black hole (SMBH), or gas-assisted mergers if present. In this paper, we examine a smoking gun signature to identify sources in GNs: the GWs scattered by the central SMBH. This produces a secondary signal, an astrophysical GW echo, which has a very similar time-frequency evolution as the primary signal but arrives after a time delay. We determine the amplitude and time-delay distribution of the GW echo as a function of source distance from the SMBH. Between $\sim10\%-90\%$ of the detectable echoes arrive within $\sim(1-100)M_6\,\mathrm{sec}$ after the primary GW for sources between $10-10^4$ Schwarzschild radius, where $M_6=M_{\rm SMBH,z}/(10^6\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot})$, and $M_{\rm SMBH,z}$ is the observer-frame SMBH mass. The echo arrival times are systematically longer for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) primary GWs, where the GW echo rays are scattered at large deflection angles. In particular, $\sim10\%-90\%$ of the distribution is shifted to $\sim(5-1800)M_6\,\mathrm{sec}$ for sources, where the lower limit of echo detection is $0.02$ of the primary signal amplitude. We find that $\sim5\%-30\%$ ($\sim1\%-7\%$) of GW sources have an echo amplitude larger than $0.2-0.05$ times the amplitude of the primary signal if the source distance from the SMBH is $50$ ($200$) Schwarzschild radius. Non-detections can rule out that a GW source is near an SMBH.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Radiatively stable ghost and tachyon freedom in Metric Affine Gravity
Creators: name: Marzo, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the existence of a ghost- and tachyon-free sector in metric-affine theories of gravity, that is invariant under diffeomorphism and a particular abelian symmetry. In contrast with many studied cases in the literature, the constraints for unitarity and causality are granted by non-accidental symmetries and do not ask for further tuning, whose fate under renormalization would be unclear. Unsurprisingly, the minimal model is massless. We find that a mechanism to provide mass is accommodated by a simple Stueckelberg extension of metric-affine gravity involving the non-metricity tensor. A non-trivial result is that also such an extension describes a ghost- and tachyon-free dynamic stabilized by the same abelian symmetry. The resulting spectrum of the collective rank-3, rank-2, and rank-0 Lagrangian is investigated with the operators recently computed in the literature.
description: 22 pages, no figures
Multimode optomechanical cooling via general dark-mode control
Creators: name: Huang, Jian
name: Lai, Deng-Gao
name: Liu, Cheng
name: Huang, Jin-Feng
name: Nori, Franco
name: Liao, Jie-Qiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dark-mode effect is a stubborn obstacle for ground-state cooling of multiple degenerate mechanical modes optomechanically coupled to a common cavity-field mode. Here we propose an auxiliary-cavity-mode method for simultaneous ground-state cooling of two degenerate or near-degenerate mechanical modes by breaking the dark mode. We find that the introduction of the auxiliary cavity mode not only breaks the dark-mode effect, but also provides a new cooling channel to extract the thermal excitations stored in the dark mode. Moreover, we study the general physical-coupling configurations for breaking the dark mode in a generalized networkcoupled four-mode optomechanical system consisting of two cavity modes and two mechanical modes. We find the analytical dark-mode-breaking condition in this system. This method is general and it can be generalized to break the dark-mode effect and to realize the simultaneous ground-state cooling in a multiple-mechanicalmode optomechanical system. We also demonstrate the physical mechanism behind the dark-mode breaking by studying the breaking of dark-state effect in the N-type four-level atomic system. Our results not only provide a general method to control various dark-mode and dark-state effects in physics, but also present an opportunity to the study of macroscopic quantum phenomena and applications in multiple-mechanical-resonator systems.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures