cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Topology and retardation effect of a giant atom in a topological waveguide
Creators: name: Cheng, Weijun
name: Wang, Zhihai
name: Liu, Yu-xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction between the quantum emitter and topological photonic system makes both the emitter and the photon behave in exotic ways. We here study a system that a giant atom is coupled to two points of a one-dimensional topological waveguide formed by the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain. The topological nature of the hybrid system is studied. We find that the giant atom can act as an effective boundary and induce the chiral zero energy modes for the waveguide under the periodical boundary. The properties of these modes are similar to those in the SSH model with open boundary. Meanwhile, the SSH waveguide, as a structured environment, induces the retarded effect and the non-Markovian dissipation of the giant atom. Our work may promote more studies on the interaction between matter and topological environment. Experimental demonstration for our study using superconducting quantum circuits is very possible within current technology.
description: 21 Pages, 20 Figures
Anisotropic superconducting spin transport at magnetic interfaces
Creators: name: Ominato, Yuya
name: Yamakage, Ai
name: Matsuo, Mamoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical investigation of anisotropic superconducting spin transport at a magnetic interface between a p-wave superconductor and a ferromagnetic insulator. Our formulation describes the ferromagnetic resonance modulations due to spin current generation depending on spin-triplet Cooper pair, including the frequency shift and enhanced Gilbert damping, in a unified manner. We find that the Cooper pair symmetry is detectable from the qualitative behavior of the ferromagnetic resonance modulation. Our theory paves the way toward anisotropic superconducting spintronics.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Synthesis of Multivalued Quantum Logic Circuits by Elementary Gates
Creators: name: Di, Yao-Min
name: Wei, Hai-Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the generalized controlled X (GCX) gate as the two-qudit elementary gate, and based on Cartan decomposition, we also give the one-qudit elementary gates. Then we discuss the physical implementation of these elementary gates and show that it is feasible with current technology. With these elementary gates many important qudit quantum gates can be synthesized conveniently. We provide efficient methods for the synthesis of various kinds of controlled qudit gates and greatly simplify the synthesis of existing generic multi-valued quantum circuits. Moreover, we generalize the quantum Shannon decomposition (QSD), the most powerful technique for the synthesis of generic qubit circuits, to the qudit case. A comparison of ququart (d=4) circuits and qubit circuits reveals that using ququart circuits may have an advantage over the qubit circuits in the synthesis of quantum circuits.
description: 9 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables. Expanded version of quant-ph/1105.5485
The curse of dimensionality for the $L_p$-discrepancy with finite $p$
Creators: name: Novak, Erich
name: Pillichshammer, Friedrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11K38, 65C05, 65Y20

description: The $L_p$-discrepancy is a quantitative measure for the irregularity of distribution of an $N$-element point set in the $d$-dimensional unit cube, which is closely related to the worst-case error of quasi-Monte Carlo algorithms for numerical integration. Its inverse for dimension $d$ and error threshold $\varepsilon \in (0,1)$ is the minimal number of points in $[0,1)^d$ such that the minimal normalized $L_p$-discrepancy is less or equal $\varepsilon$. It is well known, that the inverse of $L_2$-discrepancy grows exponentially fast with the dimension $d$, i.e., we have the curse of dimensionality, whereas the inverse of $L_{\infty}$-discrepancy depends exactly linearly on $d$. The behavior of inverse of $L_p$-discrepancy for general $p \not\in \{2,\infty\}$ has been an open problem for many years. In this paper we show that the $L_p$-discrepancy suffers from the curse of dimensionality for all $p$ in $(1,2]$ which are of the form $p=2 \ell/(2 \ell -1)$ with $\ell \in \mathbb{N}$. This result follows from a more general result that we show for the worst-case error of numerical integration in an anchored Sobolev space with anchor 0 of once differentiable functions in each variable whose first derivative has finite $L_q$-norm, where $q$ is an even positive integer satisfying $1/p+1/q=1$.
Single-stage, three-arm, adaptive test strategies for non-inferiority trials with an unstable reference
Creators: name: Brannath, Werner
name: Scharpenberg, Martin
name: Schmidt, Sylvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For indications where only unstable reference treatments are available and use of placebo is ethically justified, three-arm `gold standard' designs with an experimental, reference and placebo arm are recommended for non-inferiority trials. In such designs, the demonstration of efficacy of the reference or experimental treatment is a requirement. They have the disadvantage that only little can be concluded from the trial if the reference fails to be efficacious. To overcome this, we investigate novel single-stage, adaptive test strategies where non-inferiority is tested only if the reference shows sufficient efficacy and otherwise $δ$-superiority of the experimental treatment over placebo is tested. With a properly chosen superiority margin, $δ$-superiority indirectly shows non-inferiority. We optimize the sample size for several decision rules and find that the natural, data driven test strategy, which tests non-inferiority if the reference's efficacy test is significant, leads to the smallest overall and placebo sample sizes. We proof that under specific constraints on the sample sizes, this procedure controls the family-wise error rate. All optimal sample sizes are found to meet this constraint. We finally show how to account for a relevant placebo drop-out rate in an efficient way and apply the new test strategy to a real life data set.
Quantum gravity constraints on scale separation and de Sitter in five dimensions
Creators: name: Cribiori, Niccolò
name: Montella, Carmine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give evidence that supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua of five-dimensional supergravity cannot be scale separated as a consequence of quantum gravity constraints, such as the weak gravity conjecture or the species scale. We show this in a model-independent way for the minimal and the maximal theory and we believe that the argument can be extended to any amount of preserved supercharges in the between. If combined with previous works stating that non-supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua must be unstable, our results suggest that no genuinely five-dimensional effective theory in anti-de Sitter exists. At the cost of introducing an additional assumption on the gravitino mass, we can extend our analysis to de Sitter vacua as well. However, the few known stable de Sitter vacua of minimal five-dimensional supergravity do not satisfy such an assumption and thus evade our constraints. This suggest that they are on a somehow different footing than their four-dimensional counterparts and therefore deserve further investigation.
description: 28 pages + appendix; v2: typos corrected, references added, published version
Scanning X-ray Diffraction Microscopy for Diamond Quantum Sensing
Creators: name: Marshall, Mason C.
name: Phillips, David F.
name: Turner, Matthew J.
name: Ku, Mark J. H.
name: Zhou, Tao
name: Delegan, Nazar
name: Heremans, F. Joseph
name: Holt, Martin V.
name: Walsworth, Ronald L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding nano- and micro-scale crystal strain in CVD diamond is crucial to the advancement of diamond quantum technologies. In particular, the presence of such strain and its characterization present a challenge to diamond-based quantum sensing and information applications -- as well as for future dark matter detectors where directional information of incoming particles is encoded in crystal strain. Here, we exploit nanofocused scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy to quantitatively measure crystal deformation from defects in diamond with high spatial and strain resolution. Combining information from multiple Bragg angles allows stereoscopic three-dimensional modeling of strain feature geometry; the diffraction results are validated via comparison to optical measurements of the strain tensor based on spin-state-dependent spectroscopy of ensembles of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in the diamond. Our results demonstrate both strain and spatial resolution sufficient for directional detection of dark matter via X-ray measurement of crystal strain, and provide a promising tool for diamond growth analysis and improvement of defect-based sensing.
Absence of gravitational polarization mechanism in the canonical bimetric theory
Creators: name: Blanchet, Luc
name: Heisenberg, Lavinia
name: Larrouturou, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by a version of the ``Dipolar Dark Matter'' model, that aims at a relativistic completion of the phenomenology of MOND, we investigate the gravitational polarization mechanism in the canonical bimetric theory with an effective matter coupling. We explicitly show the fundamental obstacle why such theories cannot achieve a consistent gravitational polarization, and thus fail to recover the MONDian phenomenology at low energies.
description: 8 pages
POLYCOMB GROUP PROTEINS RING1A/RING1B CONTROL PERIPHERAL B CELL HOMEOSTASIS AND TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION
Creators: name: LA MASTRA, FEDERICA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2019

description: Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2) modulate chromatin accessibility through covalent histone modifications. The ubiquitous expression of PRC1 catalytic subunits throughout B cell development hypothesized roles for PRC1 in B cell physiology. This study aimed to dissect the contribution of PRC1 to peripheral B cell maturation, homeostasis and terminal differentiation. We analyzed mutant mice allowing conditional Cre-dependent inactivation of PRC1 catalytic function starting from late transitional B cells. In response to induced PRC1 inactivation, peripheral B cells in secondary lymphoid organs were reduced in number and displayed alterations in the surface phenotype, which reflected a major disturbance of their transcriptional profile. Reduced fitness of PRC1 mutant resting B cells was associated to heightened sensitivity to pro-apoptotic signals, consequent of the higher levels in these cells of the BIM protein and of the sub-optimal activation of the AKT kinase in response to either BAFF-R or BCR engagement. PRC1 mutant mice displayed major defects in the marginal zone (MZ) B cell subset, both in number and localization. This phenotype correlated with reduced expression of the Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1pr1), which is crucial for B cell migration to the MZ, and the increased expression of the Polycomb target microRNA mir-125b, which targets S1pr1 transcript. Moreover, PRC1 mutant B cells displayed premature de-repression of Prdm1 gene and facilitated plasma cell differentiation upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Our work provides evidence for a crucial role played by PRC1 in peripheral B cell subset differentiation, B cell homeostasis and timing of terminal B cell differentiation.
Infinitesimal deformations of null-filiform Leibniz superalgebras
Creators: name: Khudoyberdiyev, A. Kh.
name: Omirov, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17A32, 17A70, 17B30, 13D10, 16S80

description: In this paper we describe the infinitesimal deformations of null-filiform Leibniz superalgebras over a field of zero characteristic. It is known that up to isomorphism in each dimension there exist two such superalgebras $NF^{n,m}$. One of them is a Leibniz algebra (that is $m=0$) and the second one is a pure Leibniz superalgebra (that is $m\neq 0$) of maximum nilindex. We show that the closure of union of orbits of single-generated Leibniz algebras forms an irreducible component of the variety of Leibniz algebras. We prove that any single-generated Leibniz algebra is a linear integrable deformation of the algebra $NF^{n}$. Similar results for the case of Leibniz superalgebras are obtained.
description: 11 pages
High-z Quasars in the R_h=ct Universe
Creators: name: Melia, Fulvio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One cannot understand the early appearance of 10^9 solar-mass black holes without invoking anomalously high accretion rates or the creation of exotically massive seeds, neither of which is seen in the local Universe. Recent observations have compounded this problem by demonstrating that most, if not all, of the high-z quasars appear to be accreting at the Eddington limit. In the context of LCDM, the only viable alternative now appears to be the assemblage of supermassive black holes via mergers, as long as the seeds started forming at redshifts >40, but ceased being created by z~20-30. In this paper, we show that, whereas the high-z quasars may be difficult to explain within the framework of the standard model, they can instead be interpreted much more sensibly in the context of the R_h=ct Universe. In this cosmology, 5-20 solar-mass seeds produced after the onset of re-ionization (at z<15) could have easily grown to M>10^9 solar masses by z> 6, merely by accreting at the standard Eddington rate.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
CRUC: Cold-start Recommendations Using Collaborative Filtering in Internet of Things
Creators: name: Zhang, Daqiang
name: Zou, Qin
name: Xiong, Haoyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Internet of Things (IoT) aims at interconnecting everyday objects (including both things and users) and then using this connection information to provide customized user services. However, IoT does not work in its initial stages without adequate acquisition of user preferences. This is caused by cold-start problem that is a situation where only few users are interconnected. To this end, we propose CRUC scheme - Cold-start Recommendations Using Collaborative Filtering in IoT, involving formulation, filtering and prediction steps. Extensive experiments over real cases and simulation have been performed to evaluate the performance of CRUC scheme. Experimental results show that CRUC efficiently solves the cold-start problem in IoT.
description: Elsevier ESEP 2011: 9-10 December 2011, Singapore, Elsevier Energy Procedia, http://www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia/, 2011
Lorentzian manifolds properly isometrically embeddable in Minkowski spacetime
Creators: name: Minguzzi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: I characterize the Lorentzian manifolds properly isometrically embeddable in Minkowski spacetime (i.e. the Lorentzian submanifolds of Minkowski spacetime that are also closed subsets). Moreover, I prove that the Lorentzian manifolds that can be properly conformally embedded in Minkowski spacetime coincide with the globally hyperbolic spacetimes. Finally, by taking advantage of the embedding, I obtain an infinitesimal version of the distance formula.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure
Gravity enhanced quantum spatial target detection
Creators: name: Liu, Qianqian
name: Wen, Cuihong
name: Tian, Zehua
name: Jing, Jiliang
name: Wang, Jieci
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum illumination can utilize entangled light to detect the low-reflectivity target that is hidden in a bright thermal background. This technique is applied to the detection of an object in the curved spacetime of the Earth, in order to explore how the curvature of spacetime affects quantum illumination. It is found that the spatial quantum illumination with entangled state transmitter outperforms that with coherent-state transmitter in the near-Earth curved spacetime. Moreover, either the quantum illumination system or the coherent-state system is employed, and gravity can enhance the spacetime target detection by reducing the thermal signal at the receiver. Besides, our model in principle can be applied to microwave quantum illumination and thus provides, to some degree, a theoretical foundation for the upcoming spatial quantum radar technologies.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
On the width of complicated JSJ decompositions
Creators: name: Huszár, Kristóf
name: Spreer, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2; G.2.2
subject: 57Q15, 57N10, 05C75, 57M15

description: Motivated by the algorithmic study of 3-dimensional manifolds, we explore the structural relationship between the JSJ decomposition of a given 3-manifold and its triangulations. Building on work of Bachman, Derby-Talbot and Sedgwick, we show that a "sufficiently complicated" JSJ decomposition of a 3-manifold enforces a "complicated structure" for all of its triangulations. More concretely, we show that, under certain conditions, the treewidth (resp. pathwidth) of the graph that captures the incidences between the pieces of the JSJ decomposition of an irreducible, closed, orientable 3-manifold M yields a linear lower bound on its treewidth tw(M) (resp. pathwidth pw(M)), defined as the smallest treewidth (resp. pathwidth) of the dual graph of any triangulation of M. We present several applications of this result. We give the first example of an infinite family of bounded-treewidth 3-manifolds with unbounded pathwidth. We construct Haken 3-manifolds with arbitrarily large treewidth; previously the existence of such 3-manifolds was only known in the non-Haken case. We also show that the problem of providing a constant-factor approximation for the treewidth (resp. pathwidth) of bounded-degree graphs efficiently reduces to computing a constant-factor approximation for the treewidth (resp. pathwidth) of 3-manifolds.
description: 22 pages, 19 figures. The appendix has been extended
Clock-transport synchronisation for neutrino time-of-flight measurements
Creators: name: Field, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method to synchronise, at the sub-nanosecond level, clocks used for neutrino time-of-flight measurements is proposed. Clocks situated near the neutrino source and target are compared with a moveable clock that is transported between them. The general-relativistic theory of the procedure was tested and verified in an experiment performed by Hafele and Keating in 1972. It is suggested that use of such a synchronisation method may contribute to a precise test of the Sagnac effect ---a measured velocity greater than $c$--- for neutrinos of the proposed LBNE beam between Fermilab and the Homestake mine.
description: 11 pages 5 figures 2 tables
Equivariant geometric learning for digital rock physics: estimating formation factor and effective permeability tensors from Morse graph
Creators: name: Cai, Chen
name: Vlassis, Nikolaos
name: Magee, Lucas
name: Ma, Ran
name: Xiong, Zeyu
name: Bahmani, Bahador
name: Wong, Teng-Fong
name: Wang, Yusu
name: Sun, WaiChing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a SE(3)-equivariant graph neural network (GNN) approach that directly predicting the formation factor and effective permeability from micro-CT images. FFT solvers are established to compute both the formation factor and effective permeability, while the topology and geometry of the pore space are represented by a persistence-based Morse graph. Together, they constitute the database for training, validating, and testing the neural networks. While the graph and Euclidean convolutional approaches both employ neural networks to generate low-dimensional latent space to represent the features of the micro-structures for forward predictions, the SE(3) equivariant neural network is found to generate more accurate predictions, especially when the training data is limited. Numerical experiments have also shown that the new SE(3) approach leads to predictions that fulfill the material frame indifference whereas the predictions from classical convolutional neural networks (CNN) may suffer from spurious dependence on the coordinate system of the training data. Comparisons among predictions inferred from training the CNN and those from graph convolutional neural networks (GNN) with and without the equivariant constraint indicate that the equivariant graph neural network seems to perform better than the CNN and GNN without enforcing equivariant constraints.
Translating "Let it Go" song from Frozen
Creators: name: Yamane, Keiko
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2024
Subjects: Shika-muni language

description: 2 WAV files, 1 EAF file, 1 TXT file. TXT file from January 3, 2015 with text only.
Future liquid Argon detectors
Creators: name: Rubbia, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber offers an innovative technology for a new class of massive detectors for rare-event detection. It is a precise tracking device that allows three-dimensional spatial reconstruction with mm-scale precision of the morphology of ionizing tracks with the imaging quality of a "bubble chamber", provides $dE/dx$ information with high sampling rate, and acts as high-resolution calorimeter for contained events. First proposed in 1977 and after a long maturing process, its holds today the potentialities of opening new physics opportunities by providing excellent tracking and calorimetry performance at the relevant multi-kton mass scales, outperforming other techniques. In this paper, we review future liquid argon detectors presently being discussed by the neutrino physics community.
description: 8 pages, XXV International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino 2012), Kyoto, Japan, to appear in Nuclear Physics B: Proceedings Supplements
Test gravitational waves in sandwich wave background
Creators: name: Tang, Ziqian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scattering of test fields by sandwich waves has been studied extensively. It has been found that for a variety of test fields, the energy of the scattered waves is amplified. In this paper, Scattering of test gravitational waves by sandwich waves are calculated by solving gravitational perturbations in the sandwich wave background. Dependence of their energy amplification with respect to the sandwich wave parameters and the incident wave parameters are examined. The results show that in some cases, the energy of the outgoing test gravitational wave is amplified as well.
description: 8 pages
On the extremal points of the $Λ$-polytopes and classical simulation of quantum computation with magic states
Creators: name: Okay, Cihan
name: Zurel, Michael
name: Raussendorf, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the $Λ$-polytopes, a convex-linear structure recently defined and applied to the classical simulation of quantum computation with magic states by sampling. There is one such polytope, $Λ_n$, for every number $n$ of qubits. We establish two properties of the family $\{Λ_n, n\in \mathbb{N}\}$, namely (i) Any extremal point (vertex) $A_α\in Λ_m$ can be used to construct vertices in $Λ_n$, for all $n>m$. (ii) For vertices obtained through this mapping, the classical simulation of quantum computation with magic states can be efficiently reduced to the classical simulation based on the preimage $A_α$. In addition, we describe a new class of vertices in $Λ_2$ which is outside the known classification. While the hardness of classical simulation remains an open problem for most extremal points of $Λ_n$, the above results extend efficient classical simulation of quantum computations beyond the presently known range.
description: 19 pages
Ubiquitous Solar Eruptions Driven by Magnetized Vortex Tubes
Creators: name: Kitiashvili, I. N.
name: Kosovichev, A. G.
name: Lele, S. K.
name: Mansour, N. N.
name: Wray, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solar surface is covered by high-speed jets transporting mass and energy into the solar corona and feeding the solar wind. The most prominent of these jets have been known as spicules. However, the mechanism initiating these eruptions events is still unknown. Using realistic numerical simulations we find that small-scale eruptions are produced by ubiquitous magnetized vortex tubes generated by the Sun's turbulent convection in subsurface layers. The swirling vortex tubes (resembling tornadoes) penetrate into the solar atmosphere, capture and stretch background magnetic field, and push surrounding material up, generating quasiperiodic shocks. Our simulations reveal a complicated high-speed flow patterns, and thermodynamic and magnetic structure in the erupting vortex tubes. We found that the eruptions are initiated in the subsurface layers and are driven by the high-pressure gradients in the subphotosphere and photosphere, and by the Lorentz force in the higher atmosphere layers.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Astrophysical Journal
Mutual intelligibility experiment
Creators: name: Yamane, Keiko
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2024
Subjects: Shika-muni language

description: 2 WAV files, 1 TXT file. Recorded Pingu and Pear stories for mutual intelligibility experiment.
Optimizing Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Phase-Shift Keying Modulation and Postselection
Creators: name: Kanitschar, Florian
name: Pacher, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical security proof technique is used to analyse the security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocols with phase-shift keying modulation against collective attacks in the asymptotic limit. We argue why it is sufficient to consider protocols with a maximum number of eight signal states and analyse different postselection strategies for protocols with four (QPSK) and eight (8PSK) signal states for untrusted ideal and trusted nonideal detectors. We introduce a \emph{cross-shaped} postselection strategy, and show that both cross-shaped and radial and angular postselection clearly outperform a radial postselection scheme (and no postselection) for QPSK protocols. For all strategies studied, we provide analytical results for the operators defining the respective regions in phase space. We outline several use-cases of postselection, which can easily be introduced in the data processing of both new and existing CV-QKD systems: Motivated by the high computational effort for error-correction, we studied the case when a large fraction of the raw key is eliminated by postselection and observed that this can be achieved while increasing the secure key rate. Postselection can also be used to partially compensate the disadvantage of QPSK protocols over 8PSK protocols for high transmission distances, while being experimentally less demanding. Finally, we highlight that postselection can be used to reduce the key rate gap between scenarios with trusted and untrusted detectors while relying on less assumptions on Eve's power.
description: 17+16 pages, 16 figures, v2: typos corrected, table of contents added; v4: typos corrected, added numerics discussion (appendix); v5: merged v4 of this paper (arXiv:2104.09454) with arXiv:2107.06110, the current version coincides with the paper published in PR Applied
Approximation of mean curvature flow with generic singularities by smooth flows with surgery
Creators: name: Daniels-Holgate, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K93, 53E10

description: We construct smooth mean curvature flows with surgery that approximate weak mean curvature flows with only spherical and neck-pinch singularities. This is achieved by combining the recent work of Choi-Haslhofer-Hershkovits, and Choi-Haslhofer-Hershkovits-White, establishing canonical neighbourhoods of such singularities, with suitable barriers to flows with surgery. A limiting argument is then used to control these approximating flows. We conclude by improving the entropy bound on the low-entropy Schoenflies conjecture.
description: 37 pages. Final version, to appear in Advances in Mathematics
Enhancing Optical Gradient Forces with Metamaterials
Creators: name: Ginis, Vincent
name: Tassin, Philippe
name: Soukoulis, Costas M.
name: Veretennicoff, Irina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate how the optical gradient force between two waveguides can be enhanced using transformation optics. A thin layer of double-negative or single-negative metamaterial can shrink the interwaveguide distance perceived by light, resulting in a more than tenfold enhancement of the optical force. This process is remarkably robust to the dissipative loss normally observed in metamaterials. Our results provide an alternative way to boost optical gradient forces in nanophotonic actuation systems and may be combined with existing resonator-based enhancement methods to produce optical forces with an unprecedented amplitude.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; supplemental information available from APS
A historical perspective on Modified Newtonian Dynamics
Creators: name: Sanders, R. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the history and development of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) beginning with the phenomenological basis as it existed in the early 1980s. I consider Milgrom's papers of 1983 introducing the idea and its consequences for galaxies and galaxy groups, as well as the initial reactions, both negative and positive. The early criticisms were primarily on matters of principle, such as the absence of conservation laws and perceived cosmological problems; an important step in addressing these issues was the development of the Lagrangian-based non-relativistic theory of Bekenstein and Milgrom. This theory led to the development of a tentative relativistic theory that formed the basis for later multi-field theories of gravity. On an empirical level the predictive success of the idea with respect to the phenomenology of galaxies presents considerable challenges for cold dark matter. For MOND the essential challenge remains the absence of a generally accepted theoretical underpinning of the idea and, thus, cosmological predictions. I briefly review recent progress in this direction. Finally I discuss the role and sociology of unconventional ideas in astronomy in the presence of a strongly entrenched standard paradigm.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, previous uploaded file was out of date, Canadian Journal of Physics
Magnetization Dynamics and Peierls Instability in Topological Josephson Structures
Creators: name: Reich, Adrian
name: Berg, Erez
name: Schmalian, Jörg
name: Shnirman, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a long topological Josephson junction with a ferromagnetic strip between two superconductors. The low-energy theory exhibits a non-local in time and space interaction between chiral Majorana fermions, mediated by the magnonic excitations in the ferromagnet. While short ranged interactions turn out to be irrelevant by power counting, we show that sufficiently strong and long-ranged interactions may induce a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry breaking. This spontaneous breaking leads to a tilting of the magnetization perpendicular to the Majorana propagation direction and the opening of a fermionic gap (Majorana mass). It is analogous to the Peierls instability in the commensurate Fröhlich model and reflects the nontrivial interplay between Majorana modes and magnetization dynamics. Within a Gaussian fluctuation analysis, we estimate critical values for the temporal and spatial non-locality of the interaction, beyond which the symmetry breaking is stable at zero temperature -- despite the effective one-dimensionality of the model. We conclude that non-locality, i.e., the stiffness of the magnetization in space and time, stabilizes the symmetry breaking. In the stabilized regime, we expect the current-phase relation to exhibit an experimentally accessible discontinuous jump. At nonzero temperatures, as usual in the 1D Ising model, the long-range order is destroyed by solitonic excitations, which in our case carry each a Majorana zero mode. In order to estimate the correlation length, we investigate the solitons within a self-consistent mean-field approach.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Photonic crystal nanofiber using an external grating
Creators: name: Sadgrove, M.
name: Yalla, R.
name: Nayak, K. P.
name: Hakuta, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We implement a photonic crystal nanofiber device by reversibly combining an optical nanofiber and a nanofabricated grating. Using the finite-difference time-domain method, we design the system for minimal optical loss while tailoring the resonant wavelength and bandwidth of the device. Experimentally we demonstrate that the combined system shows a strong photonic stop-band in good agreement with numerical predictions. The resulting device may be used to realize strong light-matter coupling near to the nanofiber surface.
title: The modification of reality in the novels of Saul Bellow
Creators: name: Glenday, Michael Kinnear
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: This thesis is an enquiry in to the novels of Saul Bellow, with a particular view to revaluing the author's relationship with the dominant ideological influences which condition the reality of American culture. The thesis challenges the commonly-held belief amongst Bellow's critics that his fiction consistently articulates and affirms the philosophical principles of the humanist ethic . Such an ethic holds, especially, that the amelioration of man can be achieved by having recourse to the ideals of dependence and community; that the endeavour to acquire ontological knowledge can be sustained within a secular province; and that the survival of humane sensibility can only be accomplished by an acceptance of mutual human responsibility . This dissertation finds that such an argument falsifies Bellow's vision, and it concludes that the heroes of his fiction, and the drama of forces in which they have their being, should more properly be understood as expressions of the author's lack of faith in the humanist ideal. Bellow's heroes ultimately seek their fulfillment in various states of privacy and in withdrawal from an American community which is inimical to the free expression of spiritual and emotional matters. They seek a reality which takes full account of human potential. Increasingly, this aspiration has found them resorting to metaphysical or mystical imperatives. The thesis is straightforward in organization, devoting a chapter to each of Bellow's nine novels together with a short introductory chapter. There is also an Afterword which includes discussion of selected short stories by Bellow. Within each chapter the consideration of the novel in question is preceded "by a survey of critical opinion about that novel. This progressive definition of the critical consensus is necessary in order to demonstrate the extent to which the thesis challenges and seeks to refute that consensus. It follows that the thesis is largely exegetical in nature, though throughout there is a fundamental effort to show how a detailed consideration of Bellow’s novels can lead us to what Henry James once called 'the deepest quality of a work of art'. This, he thought, would always be 'the quality of the mind of the producer'. In Saul Bellow's case this quality is very pure indeed.
EVALUATION OF CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF PLASMA RICH IN GROWTH FACTORS (PRGF�) IN MANAGEMENT OF PERIODONTAL INTRAOSSEOUS DEFECTS
Creators: name: PANDA, SOURAV
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2021

description: Background: Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) is a mixture of autologous proteins and growth factors, prepared from a certain volume of platelet-rich plasma obtained from a small volume of blood, which does not contain leukocytes. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological efficacy of Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) in adjunct to open flap debridement (OFD) and intra-marrow penetration (IMP) compared to OFD and IMP alone for management of periodontal intra-osseous defects in periodontitis patients. Material and methods: Twenty patients with forty contra-lateral sites presenting with >5mm pocket depth and >3mm of intra-bony defect component were recruited in this double blind, split-mouth randomized controlled trial. The experimental site was surgically treated with PRGF in adjunct to OFD and IMP; and the control sites were treated with OFD and IMP alone. The clinical parameters like site specific plaque index (SSPI), site specific gingival index (SSGI), probing pocket depth (PPD), relative attachment level (RAL), gingival marginal level (GML), site-specific bleeding on probing (SSBOP) were recorded at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months. The radiological parameters like intra-bony defect depth (IBDD), intra-bony defect area (IBDA) and percentage intra-bony defect area fill (%IBDAF) was recorded at baseline, 6 and 9 months. The patient reported outcomes on swelling, bleeding and level of pain in the area treated were also assessed at day 1 to day7. Results: No significant difference was observed for PI, GI and PPD. A Significant favorable improvement in GML was observed in PRGF treated group at all time points, suggesting continuous vertical creeping of the free gingival margin in the PRGF group at 3, 6 and 9 months. The clinical attachment gain (CAG) was significantly higher in the PRGF group at 3 months (p=0.005) and borderline significance at 6 months (p=0.067). The linear radiographic bone gain, i.e, change in IBDD, was significantly higher in the PRGF treated group at 6 months (p=0.02). At 6 months, the PRGF was significantly superior to the OFD (50% Vs 15%) in the number of sites that achieved CAG by 1.5 mm and linear radiographic bone gain of 1.0 mm. At 9 months, the PRGF was border-line significance than the OFD (83% Vs 50%) in the number of sites that achieved CAG by 1.5 mm and linear radiographic bone gain of 1.0 mm. Conclusion: PRGF was found to beneficial in terms of improved clinical attachment gain and radiographic linear bone gain, when used in adjunct to OFD and IMP for management of periodontal intra-osseous defects.
Formation of nanoribbons by carbon atoms confined in a single-walled carbon nanotube -- A molecular dynamics study
Creators: name: Eskandari, Somayeh
name: Koltai, János
name: László, István
name: Vaezi, Mehran
name: Kürti, Jenő
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon nanotubes can serve as one-dimensional nanoreactors for the in-tube synthesis of various nanostructures. Experimental observations have shown that chains, inner tubes, or nanoribbons can grow by the thermal decomposition of organic/organometallic molecules encapsulated in carbon nanotubes. The result of the process depends on the temperature, the diameter of the nanotube, and the type and amount of material introduced inside the tube. Nanoribbons are particularly promising materials for nanoelectronics. Motivated by recent experimental results observing the formation of carbon nanoribbons inside carbon nanotubes, molecular dynamics calculations were performed with the open source LAMMPS code to investigate the reactions between carbon atoms confined within a single-walled carbon nanotube. Our results show that the interatomic potentials behave differently in quasi-one-dimensional simulations of nanotube-confined space than in three-dimensional simulations. In particular, the Tersoff potential performs better than the widely used Reactive Force Field potential in describing the formation of carbon nanoribbons inside nanotubes. We also found a temperature window where the nanoribbons were formed with the fewest defects, i.e., with the largest flatness and the most hexagons, which is in agreement with the experimental temperature range.
description: This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in (J. Chem. Phys. 158, 224304 (2023)) and may be found at (https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0151276)
IL CONTRASTO ALLA RADICALIZZAZIONE VIOLENTA DI MATRICE RELIGIOSA IN UN ORDINAMENTO LAICO E PLURALISTA
Creators: name: NEGRI, ALESSANDRO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2021

description: Nonostante il tema della lotta al terrorismo di matrice asseritamente religiosa, e dunque della radicalizzazione che precede il passaggio all?atto violento, sia al centro del dibattito politico e giuridico ormai da vent?anni, il nostro ordinamento non sembra essere stato ancora in grado di elaborare una risposta univoca e efficace a detti fenomeni. Il punto di partenza da cui prende le mosse questo lavoro � la convinzione che le difficolt� finora incontrate siano anzitutto legate alla lacuna di una definizione giuridica di radicalizzazione, foriera di confusione e criticit�. Primo scopo di tale ricerca, quindi, � conferire a tale concetto un?autentica rilevanza giuridica, capace di indicare all?ordinamento il baricentro attorno al quale orientare la propria reazione. Alla luce della proposta qui elaborata, secondo cui il radicalizzato � colui che ha modellato la sua intera personalit� attorno alla sua professione di fede e rifiuta di riconoscere pari dignit� a chi non condivide la sua religiosit� totalizzante, si vaglier� poi l?attuale modello italiano di contrasto alla radicalizzazione, evidenziandone in particolare i limiti e le debolezze. La seconda parte del lavoro suggerisce invece inedite strategie di prevenzione della radicalizzazione e di de-radicalizzazione attuabili in un ordinamento laico come quello italiano, prefigurando nuove ipotesi di collaborazione con le comunit� religiose compatibili col quadro costituzionale e sottolineando la centralit� del concetto di responsabilit� in un piano laico di de-radicalizzazione.
Gauge invariance on the light-cone: curvature perturbations and radiative degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Fanizza, Giuseppe
name: Marozzi, Giovanni
name: Medeiros, Matheus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the expressions on the observed light-cone for some relevant cosmological gauge invariant variables, such as the Mukhanov-Sasaki variable and $E$- and $B$- modes of the tensor perturbations. Since the structure of the light-cone does not reflect in a direct way the FLRW symmetries, we develop a formalism which is coordinate independent and classifies the perturbations according to their helicities. Even though we work with linear perturbations, our formalism can be readily extended to non-linear theory and put the basis to study the evolution of cosmological perturbations, since the early- until the the late- time Universe, directly along the observed light-cone.
description: 35 pages, 1 table. Some clarifications added. Version accepted for publication in JCAP
Research Software Engineering (RSE) Asia Association: Journey and Future Plans
Creators: name: Bhogal, Saranjeet Kaur
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Research Software Engineering
Asia Pacific Advanced Network

description: Talk presented at the 55th meeting of the Asia Pacific Advanced Network (APAN55) during the “Open and Sharing Data Working Group (OSDWG): Asia Pacific Open-Sharing Data and National Research and Education Network (NREN) Open Science” session in Kathmandu, Nepal on 15 March 2023.