cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
QCD phase diagram at imaginary baryon and isospin chemical potentials
Creators: name: Sakai, Yuji
name: Kouno, Hiroaki
name: Yahiro, Masanobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the phase diagram of two-flavor QCD at imaginary values of baryon and isospin chemical potentials analyzing the thermodynamic potential of QCD analytically and that of the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model numerically. QCD has no pion condensation at imaginary baryon and isospin chemical potentials, and therefore has discrete symmetries that are not present at real baryon and isospin chemical potentials. The PNJL model possesses all the discrete symmetries. The PNJL model can reproduce qualitatively lattice QCD data presented very lately.
description: 11 pages, 20 figures
MOESM10 of Eriodictyol can modulate cellular auxin gradients to efficiently promote in vitro cotton fibre development
Creators: name: Khan, Anam
name: Li, Zhonghua
name: Ahmed, Muhammad
name: Wang, Pengcheng
name: Zhang, Xianlong
name: Tu, Lili
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 10: Figure S8. Expression profiles of DEG MYB transcription factors presented as log2 values of ERI/Control FPKM ratios.
The removal of shear-ellipticity correlations from the cosmic shear signal: Influence of photometric redshift errors on the nulling technique
Creators: name: Joachimi, B.
name: Schneider, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic shear is regarded one of the most powerful probes to reveal the properties of dark matter and dark energy. To fully utilize its potential, one has to be able to control systematic effects down to below the level of the statistical parameter errors. Particularly worrisome in this respect is intrinsic alignment, causing considerable parameter biases via correlations between the intrinsic ellipticities of galaxies and the gravitational shear, which mimic lensing. In an earlier work we have proposed a nulling technique that downweights this systematic, only making use of its well-known redshift dependence. We assess the practicability of nulling, given realistic conditions on photometric redshift information. For several simplified intrinsic alignment models and a wide range of photometric redshift characteristics we calculate an average bias before and after nulling. Modifications of the technique are introduced to optimize the bias removal and minimize the information loss by nulling. We demonstrate that one of the presented versions is close to optimal in terms of bias removal, given high quality of photometric redshifts. For excellent photometric redshift information, i.e. at least 10 bins with a small dispersion, a negligible fraction of catastrophic outliers, and precise knowledge about the redshift distributions, one version of nulling is capable of reducing the shear-intrinsic ellipticity contamination by at least a factor of 100. Alternatively, we describe a robust nulling variant which suppresses the systematic signal by about 10 for a very broad range of photometric redshift configurations. Irrespective of the photometric redshift quality, a loss of statistical power is inherent to nulling, which amounts to a decrease of the order 50% in terms of our figure of merit.
description: 26 pages, including 16 figures; minor changes to match accepted version; published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Differences in the Selection Bottleneck between Modes of Sexual Transmission Influence the Genetic Composition of the HIV-1 Founder Virus
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Evolution, Molecular
Genetic Variation
Genome, Viral
HIV Envelope Protein gp120
HIV Infections
HIV-1
Humans
Male
Models, Theoretical
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Selection, Genetic

description: © 2016 Tully et al. Due to the stringent population bottleneck that occurs during sexual HIV-1 transmission, systemic infection is typically established by a limited number of founder viruses. Elucidation of the precise forces influencing the selection of founder viruses may reveal key vulnerabilities that could aid in the development of a vaccine or other clinical interventions. Here, we utilize deep sequencing data and apply a genetic distance-based method to investigate whether the mode of sexual transmission shapes the nascent founder viral genome. Analysis of 74 acute and early HIV-1 infected subjects revealed that 83% of men who have sex with men (MSM) exhibit a single founder virus, levels similar to those previously observed in heterosexual (HSX) transmission. In a metadata analysis of a total of 354 subjects, including HSX, MSM and injecting drug users (IDU), we also observed no significant differences in the frequency of single founder virus infections between HSX and MSM transmissions. However, comparison of HIV-1 envelope sequences revealed that HSX founder viruses exhibited a greater number of codon sites under positive selection, as well as stronger transmission indices possibly reflective of higher fitness variants. Moreover, specific genetic “signatures” within MSM and HSX founder viruses were identified, with single polymorphisms within gp41 enriched among HSX viruses while more complex patterns, including clustered polymorphisms surrounding the CD4 binding site, were enriched in MSM viruses. While our findings do not support an influence of the mode of sexual transmission on the number of founder viruses, they do demonstrate that there are marked differences in the selection bottleneck that can significantly shape their genetic composition. This study illustrates the complex dynamics of the transmission bottleneck and reveals that distinct genetic bottleneck processes exist dependent upon the mode of HIV-1 transmission.
A Rate-Distortion Exponent Approach to Multiple Decoding Attempts for Reed-Solomon Codes
Creators: name: Nguyen, Phong S.
name: Pfister, Henry D.
name: Narayanan, Krishna R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Algorithms based on multiple decoding attempts of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes have recently attracted new attention. Choosing decoding candidates based on rate-distortion (R-D) theory, as proposed previously by the authors, currently provides the best performance-versus-complexity trade-off. In this paper, an analysis based on the rate-distortion exponent (RDE) is used to directly minimize the exponential decay rate of the error probability. This enables rigorous bounds on the error probability for finite-length RS codes and leads to modest performance gains. As a byproduct, a numerical method is derived that computes the rate-distortion exponent for independent non-identical sources. Analytical results are given for errors/erasures decoding.
description: accepted for presentation at 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT 2010), Austin TX, USA
Measurements of d2n and A1n: Probing the neutron spin structure
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: nucl-ex
nucl-th

description: © 2016 American Physical Society. We report on the results of the E06-014 experiment performed at Jefferson Lab in Hall A, where a precision measurement of the twist-3 matrix element d2 of the neutron (d2n) was conducted. The quantity d2n represents the average color Lorentz force a struck quark experiences in a deep inelastic electron scattering event off a neutron due to its interaction with the hadronizing remnants. This color force was determined from a linear combination of the third moments of the He3 spin structure functions, g1 and g2, after nuclear corrections had been applied to these moments. The structure functions were obtained from a measurement of the unpolarized cross section and of double-spin asymmetries in the scattering of a longitudinally polarized electron beam from a transversely and a longitudinally polarized He3 target. The measurement kinematics included two average Q2 bins of 3.2 GeV2 and 4.3 GeV2, and Bjorken-x 0.25≤x≤0.90 covering the deep inelastic and resonance regions. We have found that d2n is small and negative for Q2©=3.2 GeV2, and even smaller for Q2 ©=4.3 GeV2, consistent with the results of a lattice QCD calculation. The twist-4 matrix element f2n was extracted by combining our measured d2n with the world data on the first moment in x of g1n, Γ1n. We found f2n to be roughly an order of magnitude larger than d2n. Utilizing the extracted d2n and f2n data, we separated the Lorentz color force into its electric and magnetic components, FEy,n and FBy,n, and found them to be equal and opposite in magnitude, in agreement with the predictions from an instanton model but not with those from QCD sum rules. Furthermore, using the measured double-spin asymmetries, we have extracted the virtual photon-nucleon asymmetry on the neutron A1n, the structure function ratio g1n/F1n, and the quark ratios (Δu+Δū)/(u+ū) and (Δd+Δd)/(d+d). These results were found to be consistent with deep-inelastic scattering world data and with the prediction of the constituent quark model but at odds with the perturbative quantum chromodynamics predictions at large x.
Resolutions for representations of reductive p-adic groups via their buildings
Creators: name: Meyer, Ralf
name: Solleveld, Maarten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G25, 51E24, 20E42

description: Schneider-Stuhler and Vigneras have used cosheaves on the affine Bruhat-Tits building to construct natural finite type projective resolutions for admissible representations of reductive p-adic groups in characteristic not equal to p. We use a system of idempotent endomorphisms of a representation with certain properties to construct a cosheaf and a sheaf on the building. We establish that these are acyclic and compute homology and cohomology with these coefficients. This implies Bernstein's result that certain subcategories of the category of representations are Serre subcategories. Furthermore, we also get results for convex subcomplexes of the building. Following work of Korman, this leads to trace formulas for admissible representations.
description: second version, some minor corrections
Diffusion in thin films
Creators: name: Johnson, Dale Bernard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The nature of diffusion along thin evaporated films has been studied by optical and transmission electron microscopy. The thicknesses of the films were measured by multiple-beam interferometry. A preliminary survey of some 22 binary metal systems showed that only four - Ag-Se, Cu-Se, Cu-Te, and Ag-Te - diffused measurably at room temperature. In these four systems it was found possible to study only the diffusion of Cu or Ag into Se and Te; the reverse diffusion experiments failed, presumably because of extensive Kirkendall porosity which developed on the Se or Te side of the diffusion couples, impeding the motion of these atoms. The room temperature growth rates in each system were observed to be higher when the structure of the Se or Te consisted of isolated islands with a highly disordered inter-island network. This effect was attributed to a short circuit diffusion process analogous to grain boundary diffusion which took place in the inter-island channels. The effect was more pronounced in Cu-Te and Ag-Te where electron microscopy observations of the phase boundary interfaces showed a marked tendency for grain boundary diffusion to occur at all Se and Te thicknesses. For continuous films of Se and Te, the growth rates were found to be independent of the absolute thickness. Because of the evaporation geometry used in depositing the couples, there was a critical thickness ratio of Ag or Cu to Se or Te that had to be exceeded in order for diffusion to proceed. Theoretical treatment of the problem, based on the stoichiometry of the phases formed during diffusion, gave predictions of the critical ratio that were generally in good agreement with the experimental values obtained. In each system the critical ratio was found to be independent of the absolute Se or Te thickness. It was also possible to predict the composition of the phase formed during diffusion using the critical ratio. In every system but Cu-Te, the composition determined in this way was in agreement with that given by electron diffraction analysis of the diffusion zone. The activation energies for diffusion in Ag-Se, Cu-Te, and Ag-Te were fairly low suggesting that short circuit diffusion was the predominant mechanism in these systems. The activation energy in Cu-Se was quite large (23 kcal/mole), and it appears that the diffusion mechanism in this case is not consistent with that in the other systems. An interesting observation made during electron microscopy studies in Cu-Se was the formation of a second phase when high electron beam intensities were used. This phase (Cu₃Se₂), not observed in normal diffusion experiments up to 5 0°C, grew dendritically in the presence of the electron beam.
Zaller-Deffuant model of mass opinion
Creators: name: Malarz, Krzysztof
name: Gronek, Piotr
name: Kulakowski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent formulation of the Zaller model of mass opinion is generalized to include the interaction between agents. The mechanism of interaction is close to the bounded confidence model. The outcome of the simulation is the probability distribution of opinions on a given issue as dependent on the mental capacity of agents. Former result was that a small capacity leads to a strong belief. Here we show that an intensive interaction between agents also leads to a consensus, accepted without doubts.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures (in 23 eps files), RevTeX4
Phase dynamics of inductively coupled intrinsic Josephson junctions and terahertz electromagnetic radiation
Creators: name: Hu, Xiao
name: Lin, Shi-Zeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Josephson effects associated with quantum tunneling of Cooper pairs manifest as nonlinear relations between the superconductivity phase difference and the bias current and voltage. Many novel phenomena appear, such as Shapiro steps in dc cuurent-voltage (IV) characteristics of a Josephson junction under microwave shining, which can be used as a voltage standard. Inversely, the Josephson effects provide a unique way to generate high-frequency electromagnetic (EM) radiation by dc bias voltage. The discovery of cuprate high-Tc superconductors accelerated the effort to develop novel source of EM waves based on a stack of atomically dense-packed intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs), since the large superconductivity gap covers the whole terahertz frequency band. Very recently, strong and coherent terahertz radiations have been successfully generated from a mesa structure of $\rm{Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+δ}}$ single crystal which works both as the source of energy gain and as the cavity for resonance. It is then found theoretically that, due to huge inductive coupling of IJJs produced by the nanometer junction separation and the large London penetration depth of order of $\rm{μm}$ of the material, a novel dynamic state is stabilized in the coupled sine-Gordon system, in which $\pm π$ kinks in phase differences are developed responding to the standing wave of Josephson plasma and are stacked alternatively in the c-axis. This novel solution of the inductively coupled sine-Gordon equations captures the important features of experimental observations. The theory predicts an optimal radiation power larger than the one available to date by orders of magnitude, and thus suggests the technological relevance of the phenomena.
description: review article (69 pages, 30 figures)
Markov models of the apo-MDM2 lid region reveal diffuse yet two-state binding dynamics and receptor poses for computational docking
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Humans
Markov Chains
Molecular Docking Simulation
Protein Domains
Protein Folding
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

description: © The Author(s) 2016. MDM2 is a negative regulator of p53 activity and an important target for cancer therapeutics. The N-Terminal lid region of MDM2 modulates interactions with p53 via competition for its binding cleft, exchanging slowly between docked and undocked conformations in the absence of p53. To better understand these dynamics, we constructed Markov State Models (MSMs) from large collections of unbiased simulation trajectories of apo-MDM2, and find strong evidence for diffuse, yet two-state folding and binding of the N-Terminal region to the p53 receptor site. The MSM also identifies holo-like receptor conformations highly suitable for computational docking, despite initiating trajectories from closed-cleft receptor structures unsuitable for docking. Fixed-Anchor docking studies using a test set of high-Affinity small molecules and peptides show simulated receptor ensembles achieve docking successes comparable to cross-docking studies using crystal structures of receptors bound by alternative ligands. For p53, the best-scoring receptor structures have the N-Terminal region lid region bound in a helical conformation mimicking the bound structure of p53, suggesting lid region association induces receptor conformations suitable for binding. These results suggest that MD + MSM approaches can sample binding-competent receptor conformations suitable for computational peptidomimetic design, and that inclusion of disordered regions may be essential to capturing the correct receptor dynamics.
Accurate Estimation of the Intrinsic Dimension Using Graph Distances: Unraveling the Geometric Complexity of Datasets
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Algorithms
Databases, Protein
Pattern Recognition, Automated
Proteins
Sequence Alignment

description: © The Author(s) 2016. The collective behavior of a large number of degrees of freedom can be often described by a handful of variables. This observation justifies the use of dimensionality reduction approaches to model complex systems and motivates the search for a small set of relevant "collective" variables. Here, we analyze this issue by focusing on the optimal number of variable needed to capture the salient features of a generic dataset and develop a novel estimator for the intrinsic dimension (ID). By approximating geodesics with minimum distance paths on a graph, we analyze the distribution of pairwise distances around the maximum and exploit its dependency on the dimensionality to obtain an ID estimate. We show that the estimator does not depend on the shape of the intrinsic manifold and is highly accurate, even for exceedingly small sample sizes. We apply the method to several relevant datasets from image recognition databases and protein multiple sequence alignments and discuss possible interpretations for the estimated dimension in light of the correlations among input variables and of the information content of the dataset.
Kathak, Antropologia do Movimento, Trabalhando Para Uma Sociedade Integrada
Creators: name: Panzera, Andrea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Kathak: Andrea Panzera; Antropologia do Movimento; Integraçao Social

description: Part of Andrea Panzera's Thesis Artistic Education & Social Exclusion
description: Pequenos Capitulos/ Small Chapters
Proper definition and evolution of generalized transverse momentum dependent distributions
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: hep-ph

description: © 2016 The Author(s). We consider one of the most fundamental sets of hadronic matrix elements, namely the generalized transverse momentum dependent distributions (GTMDs), and argue that their existing definitions lack proper evolution properties. By exploiting the similarity of GTMDs with the much better understood transverse momentum distributions, we argue that the existing definitions of GTMDs have to include an additional dependence on soft gluon radiation in order to render them properly defined. With this, we manage to obtain the evolution kernel of all (un)polarized quark and gluon GTMDs, which turns out to be spin independent. As a byproduct, all large logarithms can be resummed up to next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy with the currently known perturbative ingredients.
New factorization algorithm based on a continuous representation of truncated Gauss sums
Creators: name: Tamma, Vincenzo
name: Zhang, Heyi
name: He, Xuehua
name: Garuccio, Augusto
name: Shih, Yanhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we will describe a new factorization algorithm based on the continuous representation of Gauss sums, generalizable to orders j>2. Such an algorithm allows one, for the first time, to find all the factors of a number N in a single run without precalculating the ratio N/l, where l are all the possible trial factors. Continuous truncated exponential sums turn out to be a powerful tool for distinguishing factors from non-factors (we also suggest, with regard to this topic, to read an interesting paper by S. Woelk et al. also published in this issue [Woelk, Feiler, Schleich, J. Mod. Opt. in press]) and factorizing different numbers at the same time. We will also describe two possible M-path optical interferometers, which can be used to experimentally realize this algorithm: a liquid crystal grating and a generalized symmetric Michelson interferometer.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Sens de l'absurde chez Boris Vian.
Creators: name: Maclaren, Elisabeth Owen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: One of the key expressions in 20th century literature and philosophy is "the absurd", a term much employed by modern man to communicate his sense of a universe where human life appears to lack transcendant significance. The French existentialists, in particular Jean-Paul Sartre, deal extensively with this problem and how to confront it without falling victim to the despair, nausea, emptiness and anguish that inevitably follow. Unlike Sartre and Camus whose treatment of the absurd is essentially grave in tone, Boris Vian injects humour and fantasy into a work that remains nonetheless profoundly significant and moving. The laughter he provokes is tinged with echoes of despair; his very humour intensifies our sense of the absurdity implicit in the human condition. Vian's five principal novels, Vercoquin et le Plancton, L'Ecume des Jours, L'Automne à Pékin, L 'Herbe Rouge, and L'Arrache-Coeur reflect a marked preoccupation with man's quest for happiness, in his opinion the only valid raison d'être. The question remains nevertheless, how to attain this happiness in a universe fraught with obstacles which seem expressly destined to deny it. This thesis examens Boris Vian's enquiry into the nature of these obstacles to happiness, into the sources of man's sense of the absurd: firstly with regard to modern society and its judicial, educational, political, and religious institutions; secondly as regards the private life of the individual, in particular his experience with love in its diverse forms; thirdly in view of man's metaphysical situation, his place in the universe, his relationship to objects, to others and to himself. The study of the absurd in each of these three categories occupies the first three chapters of this thesis. The fourth and final chapter deals with the author's reactions to his overwhelming impression of life's absurdity. The impossibility of reconciling his own fundamental individualism with the total political commitment advocated by Sartre leads Vian to adopt an attitude resembling a type of contemporary epicurism. Fleeting moments of sheer joie de vivre in the work of Vian in some measure lighten the shadow of pessimism planing over his vision of life. His best defense against the absurd however, is his ability to translate it, to communicate it, and to attack it through parody, caricature, burlesque, and satire, in a literature not completely unlike that of Ionesco and Beckett, where one is at last permitted to laugh.
Insights into Population Health Management Through Disease Diagnoses Networks
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Comorbidity
Disease
Humans
Income
Population Health

description: The increasing availability of electronic health care records has provided remarkable progress in the field of population health. In particular the identification of disease risk factors has flourished under the surge of available data. Researchers can now access patient data across a broad range of demographics and geographic locations. Utilizing this Big healthcare data researchers have been able to empirically identify specific high-risk conditions found within differing populations. However to date the majority of studies approached the issue from the top down, focusing on the prevalence of specific diseases within a population. Through our work we demonstrate the power of addressing this issue bottom-up by identifying specifically which diseases are higher-risk for a specific population. In this work we demonstrate that network-based analysis can present a foundation to identify pairs of diagnoses that differentiate across population segments. We provide a case study highlighting differences between high and low income individuals in the United States. This work is particularly valuable when addressing population health management within resource-constrained environments such as community health programs where it can be used to provide insight and resource planning into targeted care for the population served.
The causal effect of student mobility on standardized test performance: A case study with possible implications for accountability mandates within the elementary and secondary education act
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: academic performance
elementary and secondary education act
every student succeeds act
high school
no child left behind
propensity score methods
standardized tests
student mobility

description: © 2016 Selya, Engel-Rebitzer, Dierker, Stephen, Rose, Coffman and Otis. This paper presents a limited case study examining the causal inference of student mobility on standardized test performance, within one middle-class high school in suburban Connecticut. Administrative data were used from a district public high school enrolling 319 10th graders in 2010. Propensity score methods were used to estimate the causal effect of student mobility on Math, Science, Reading, and Writing portions of the Connecticut Academic Performance Test (CAPT), after matching mobile vs. stable students on gender, race/ethnicity, eligibility for free/reduced lunches, and special education status. Analyses showed that mobility was associated with lower performance in the CAPT Writing exam. Follow-up analyses revealed that this trend was only significant among those who were ineligible for free/reduced lunches, but not among eligible students. Additionally, mobile students who were ineligible for free/reduced lunches had lower performance in the CAPT Science exam according to some analyses. Large numbers of students transferring into a school district may adversely affect standardized test performance. This is especially relevant for policies that affect student mobility in schools, given the accountability measures in the No Child Left Behind that are currently being re-considered in the recent Every Student Succeeds Act.
Metal-Ion Absorption in Conductively Evaporating Clouds
Creators: name: Gnat, Orly
name: Sternberg, Amiel
name: McKee, Christopher F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present computations of the ionization structure and metal-absorption properties of thermally conductive interface layers that surround evaporating warm spherical clouds, embedded in a hot medium. We rely on the analytical formalism of Dalton & Balbus to calculate the temperature profile in the evaporating gas, and explicitly solve the time-dependent ionization equations for H, He, C, N, O, Si, and S in the interface. We include photoionization by an external field. We estimate how departures from equilibrium ionization affect the resonance-line cooling efficiencies in the evaporating gas, and determine the conditions for which radiative losses may be neglected in the solution for the evaporation dynamics and temperature profile. Our results indicate that non-equilibrium cooling significantly increases the value of the saturation parameter at which radiative losses begin to affect the flow dynamics. As applications we calculate the ion fractions and projected column densities arising in the evaporating layers surrounding dwarf-galaxy-scale objects that are also photoionized by metagalactic radiation. We compare our results to the UV metal-absorption column densities observed in local highly-ionized metal-absorbers, located in the Galactic corona or intergalactic medium. Conductive interfaces significantly enhance the formation of high-ions such as C^3+, N^4+, and O^5+ relative to purely photoionized clouds, especially for clouds embedded in a high-pressure corona. However, the enhanced columns are still too low to account for the O VI columns (~1e14 cm^-2) observed in the local high-velocity absorbers. We find that O VI columns larger than ~1e13 cm^-2 cannot be produced in evaporating clouds. Our results do support the conclusion of Savage & Lehner, that absorption due to evaporating O VI likely occurs in the local interstellar medium, with characteristic columns of ~1e13 cm^-2.
description: Accepted for Publication in ApJ
Viral Evolution and Cytotoxic T Cell Restricted Selection in Acute Infant HIV-1 Infection
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Child, Preschool
Disease Progression
Evolution, Molecular
Female
Genes, gag
Genes, pol
HIV Infections
HIV-1
Humans
Infant
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

description: Antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1 infected infants experience poor viral containment and rapid disease progression compared to adults. Viral factors (e.g. transmitted cytotoxic T- lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutations) or infant factors (e.g. reduced CTL functional capacity) may explain this observation. We assessed CTL functionality by analysing selection in CTL-targeted HIV-1 epitopes following perinatal infection. HIV-1 gag, pol and nef sequences were generated from a historical repository of longitudinal specimens from 19 vertically infected infants. Evolutionary rate and selection were estimated for each gene and in CTL-restricted and non-restricted epitopes. Evolutionary rate was higher in nef and gag vs. pol, and lower in infants with non-severe immunosuppression vs. severe immunosuppression across gag and nef. Selection pressure was stronger in infants with non-severe immunosuppression vs. severe immunosuppression across gag. The analysis also showed that infants with non-severe immunosuppression had stronger selection in CTL-restricted vs. non-restricted epitopes in gag and nef. Evidence of stronger CTL selection was absent in infants with severe immunosuppression. These data indicate that infant CTLs can exert selection pressure on gag and nef epitopes in early infection and that stronger selection across CTL epitopes is associated with favourable clinical outcomes. These results have implications for the development of paediatric HIV-1 vaccines.
Museums and marketing in an electronic age
Creators: name: Lehman, Kim
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: It is widely acknowledged that the days of museums solely being places of contemplation for the educated, with a concentration on collecting, conservation and research, have now passed. The challenge for the modern museum is that, in addition to these traditional roles which still remain, they are now also expected to inform, educate and entertain, and to provide a 'value' museum experience within a competitive marketplace. Central to this challenge is the changing nature of the public, and how their expectations as informed and technologically aware consumers can shape museum activities. There are, then, significant social, economic and cultural changes that have affected the way museums need to operate and how they see themselves and their audiences. One response to this can be seen in the rise of marketing as a vital component of museum management. Such a marketing emphasis means museums actively seek to communicate with their publics. In order to do this, given the changes in the dynamics of the museums' marketplace, there is now the necessity to use electronic media within integrated marketing communication strategies. This use of electronic marketing as a strategy within the museum sector has received little attention in the academic literature. The position taken here is that the developments seen in the museum sector are best viewed by adopting a narrative approach to the structure of the thesis. Each chapter builds on the preceding, but each then carries the narrative forward, from the genesis of the modern museum, to the subsequent analysis of Australia's state museums. Within this context, this study takes a qualitative and interpretivist approach to the overall research aim, which is to investigate the factors that influence the extent to which the Australian state museums incorporate electronic marketing strategies into their overall marketing activities. It uses a multi-case method, with data drawn from interviews with operational- and strategic-level staff, extensive field visits and analysis of annual reports, marketing collateral and websites from the six Australian state museums. The thesis subsequently analyses the case study museums from a 'marketing perspective', using secondary data to compare and contrast each museum's strategies. It also seeks to reveal a 'museum perspective' by reporting and critically analysing the data drawn from interviews with staff from the Australian state museums. These perspectives are synthesised in a concluding chapter which also considers the research questions in light of the findings. In addition, this chapter addresses the extent to which the research has provided insight into the overall research aim. The thesis makes a significant contribution to museum marketing research by suggesting likely relationships between the use of electronic marketing in Australia's state museums, and the various internal factors and external forces evident both in the literature and in the findings presented here.
Gesänge von dem Tod des Englischen Feldherrn von Marlborough
Malbrough s’en va-t-en guerre
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]
Year: 1790

description: Bl. 1r, Liedanfang Marlbrough fort zum Kriege, Miron ton ton mirontaine Bl. 3r, Liedanfang Empfindungsvolle Schönen, Tralleri. tralla trei da dallera!
description: Nach den französischen Originalien ins Deutsche übersetzt
Analysis of the Fisher solution
Creators: name: Abdolrahimi, Shohreh
name: Shoom, Andrey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the $d$-dimensional Fisher solution which represents a static, spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat spacetime with a massless scalar field. The solution has two parameters, the mass and the "scalar charge." The Fisher solution has a naked curvature singularity which divides the spacetime manifold into two disconnected parts. The part which is asymptotically flat we call the {\em Fisher spacetime}, and another part we call the {\em Fisher universe}. The Schwarzschild-Tangherlini (ST) solution and the Fisher solution belong to the same theory and are dual to each other. The duality transformation acting in the parameter space maps the exterior region of the ST black hole into the Fisher spacetime which has a naked timelike singularity, and interior region of the black hole into the Fisher universe, which is an anisotropic expanding-contracting universe and which has two spacelike singularities representing its "Big Bang" and "Big Crunch". The Big Bang singularity and the singularity of the Fisher spacetime are {\em radially weak} in the sense that a 1-dimensional object moving along a timelike radial geodesic can arrive to the singularities intact. At the vicinity of the singularity the Fisher spacetime of nonzero mass has a region where its Misner-Sharp energy is negative. The Fisher universe has a marginally trapped surface corresponding to the state of its maximal expansion in the angular directions. These results and derived relations between geometric quantities of the Fisher spacetime, the Fisher universe, and the ST black hole may suggest that the massless scalar field transforms the black hole event horizon into the naked radially weak disjoint singularities of the Fisher spacetime and the Fisher universe which are "dual to the horizon."
description: 19 pages, 16 figures; Minor changes in the text
Non-affine geometrization can lead to nonphysical instabilities
Creators: name: Cuervo-Reyes, Eduardo
name: Movassagh, Ramis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26B10, 37D40, 37D45

description: Geometrization of dynamics consists of representing trajectories by geodesics on a configuration space with a suitably defined metric. Previously, efforts were made to show that the analysis of dynamical stability can also be carried out within geometrical frameworks, by measuring the broadening rate of a bundle of geodesics. Two known formalisms are via Jacobi and Eisenhart metrics. We find that this geometrical analysis measures the actual stability when the length of any geodesic is proportional to the corresponding time interval. We prove that the Jacobi metric is not always an appropriate parametrization by showing that it predicts chaotic behavior for a system of harmonic oscillators. Furthermore, we show, by explicit calculation, that the correspondence between dynamical- and geometrical-spread is ill-defined for the Jacobi metric. We find that the Eisenhart dynamics corresponds to the actual tangent dynamics and is therefore an appropriate geometrization scheme.
description: Featured on the Cover of the Journal. 9 pages, 6 figures: http://iopscience.iop.org/1751-8121/48/7/075101
Studies of the muon-induced neutron background in LSM: detector concept and status of the installation
Creators: name: Kozlov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A good particle candidate for Cold Dark Matter (CDM) is the supersymmetric neutralino or more generally a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP). The expected interaction rate of WIMPs with the detector medium in the direct detection experiments is below 0.01 events/kg/day. This makes a good knowledge of the background conditions highly important, especially with ever increasing sensitivity of the detectors. One of the background components is related to cosmic muons and in particular to muon-induced neutrons. Detailed studies carried out by the Edelweiss collaboration in this respect are presented. This activity includes GEANT4 simulations with full event topology as well as a dedicated measurement with a new neutron counter installed in the fall of 2008 in LSM (Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane, France). This counter is incorporated into the existing muon veto system thus allowing to monitor neutrons in coincidence with the incoming muons.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the Identification of Dark Matter conference (idm2008), Stockholm, 18-22 August 2008; 4 pages, 2 figures
Using Best–Worst Scaling to Investigate Preferences in Health Care
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Choice Behavior
Decision Making
Delivery of Health Care
Humans
Patient Preference
Research Design
Sample Size

description: © 2016, The Author(s). Introduction: Best–worst scaling (BWS) is becoming increasingly popular to elicit preferences in health care. However, little is known about current practice and trends in the use of BWS in health care. This study aimed to identify, review and critically appraise BWS in health care, and to identify trends over time in key aspects of BWS. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, using Medline (via Pubmed) and EMBASE to identify all English-language BWS studies published up until April 2016. Using a predefined extraction form, two reviewers independently selected articles and critically appraised the study quality, using the Purpose, Respondents, Explanation, Findings, Significance (PREFS) checklist. Trends over time periods (≤2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015) were assessed further. Results: A total of 62 BWS studies were identified, of which 26 were BWS object case studies, 29 were BWS profile case studies and seven were BWS multi-profile case studies. About two thirds of the studies were performed in the last 2 years. Decreasing sample sizes and decreasing numbers of factors in BWS object case studies, as well as use of less complicated analytical methods, were observed in recent studies. The quality of the BWS studies was generally acceptable according to the PREFS checklist, except that most studies did not indicate whether the responders were similar to the non-responders. Conclusion: Use of BWS object case and BWS profile case has drastically increased in health care, especially in the last 2 years. In contrast with previous discrete-choice experiment reviews, there is increasing use of less sophisticated analytical methods.
Towards electron-electron entanglement in Penning traps
Creators: name: Lamata, L.
name: Porras, D.
name: Cirac, J. I.
name: Goldman, J.
name: Gabrielse, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement of isolated elementary particles other than photons has not yet been achieved. We show how building blocks demonstrated with one trapped electron might be used to make a model system and method for entangling two electrons. Applications are then considered, including two-qubit gates and more precise quantum metrology protocols.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, accepted in PRA
A structural, geophysical, isotopic and geochemical appraisal of the CSA deposit, Cobar, Australia : implications for the deformation of the Cobar Basin and mineral potential.
Creators: name: Jeffrey, S
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Since the discovery of base and precious metals in Cobar during the latter part of last century much time and effort has been spent researching the geological origins of and factors influencing the Cobar style of deposit. Models have taken three forms, epigenetic, syngenetic, and structural. Problems faced by those working in the Cobar District include 1) relating structures to mineralisation and mineralising events, 2) understanding the source of sulfides and quartz veining, and the relationship between the two, and 3) using geophysics to enhance the knowledge of the basin. The first of these problems has been clarified by the author conducting detailed surface and underground mapping of the CSA deposit and comparing the results with those of previous workers. The structural mapping showed a pattern consistent with other Cobar deposits and identified structural elements not previously recorded. As a result the timing relationships of these structures was redefined such that three deformation events were identified, D1 being basin closure, D2 being sulfide injection into pipe like fracture zones formed by sinistral deformation, and D3 being simultaneous strike slip west block up movement and quartz injection. The problem of the significance of quartz veining has been resolved by review of a range of isotopic and geochemical data. Isotopic and geochemical data confirmed sulfide remobilisation by D3, a metamorphic origin for the quartz. but either a sedimentary or igneous origin for the sulfides. Previous work had suggested the sulfides to be of metamorphic origin based on their being hosted by quartz filled structures. However the structural reinterpretation clearly demonstrates that the quartz occupies structures that displace and hence post date mineralisation. Regional and local gravity models presented are based on the recovery of an old gravity survey not previously compiled and systematically interpreted. It is shown through the models that it is possible for the mineralised systems to have a relief of more than 2km given certain geological parameters, some of which are based on assumption. Consequently, there is still a need to review and refine the models and assumptions used as there is likely to be more than one valid geological solution to the Cobar Basin geometry. Future use of this data, coupled with some increase in coverage may well change existing regional assumptions about the Cobar Basin.
Pineal gland calcification in kurdistan: A cross-sectional study of 480 roentgenograms
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Brain Diseases
Calcinosis
Child
Child, Preschool
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Incidence
Iraq
Logistic Models
Male
Middle Aged
Pineal Gland
Risk Factors
Sex Factors
Young Adult

description: © 2016 Mohammed et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Objective The goal of this study was to compare the incidence of Pineal Gland Calcification (PGC) by age group and gender among the populations living in the Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Methods This prospective study examined skull X-rays of 480 patients between the ages of 3 and 89 years who sought care at a large teaching public hospital in Duhok, Iraq from June 2014 to November 2014. Descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression were used for analysis. Results The overall incidence rate of PGC among the study population was 26.9% with the 51-60 age group and males having the highest incidence. PGC incidence increased after the first decade and remained steady until the age of 60. Thereafter the incidence began to decrease. Logistic regression analysis revealed that both age and gender significantly affected the risk of PGC. After adjusting for age, males were 1.94 (95% CI, 1.26-2.99) times more likely to have PGC compared to females. In addition, a one year increase in age increases the odds of developing PGC by 1.02 (95% CI, 1.01-1.03) units after controlling for the effects of gender. Conclusion Our analysis demonstrated a close relationship between PGC and age and gender, supporting a link between the development of PGC and these factors. This study provides a basis for future researchers to further investigate the nature and mechanisms underlying pineal gland calcification.