cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Configurable Medical Cyber-Physical System Framework for Physical Activity Monitoring
Creators: name: Arafsha, Faisal
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2019
Subjects: cyber-physical systems; gait analysis; smart insole; IoT framework; real-time measurement

description: A digital twin facilitates the means to monitor, understand, and optimize the functions of the physical entity and provides continuous feedback to improve quality of life, and Medical Cyber-Physical Systems (MCPS) is an integral part of this vision. Many studies focus on human motion to digitize data for further analysis. The literature review presented here emphasizes on gait analysis and gait events detection using wearable devices, which compare results by testing on different groups of individuals. Amongst those, there is a focus on digitizing activities for athletes and sports activities. However, there is a lack of research that address configurability for this type of MCPS. Adding new physical devices to an established MCPS requires manual configuration. Recent studies either solve the issue of users’ mobility by providing a wireless solution with local storage, or sacrifice mobility in order to provide real-time information through wired communication. However, group physical activity applications, such as sports coaching and group physiotherapy, use customized devices that need to be automatically configured in the system. In addition, these systems need to support mobility and real-time data presentation. To solve this problem, a framework is proposed to design a wellbeing Cyber-Physical System (CPS) that focuses on system configurability, providing real-time data of body sensor networks while supporting wireless and mobile communication. A communication protocol is proposed to allow seamless integration and communication of system components, and to enable bandwidth-conscious data transmission. As a proof of concept, a configurable CPS for gait activities monitoring is designed to read, visualize, and backup spatiotemporal data from one or more multi-sensory physical devices over conventional Wi-Fi and in real-time. Two experiments were performed using the implemented CPS. The first experiment was performed outdoors and tested if the CPS components would recognize each other and work seamlessly over foreign networks while providing usable information. The second experiment was performed in collaboration with the Health Sciences Department using our system and the Tekscan Strideway gait mat simultaneously to compare results and to ensure accuracy. In addition, this experiment tested configurability of the system by using different measurement devices for different users.
Exploring the Intersection of Socratic Tripartite Theory and Artificial Intelligence in the field of Forensic Psychiatry
Creators: name: Prince, Karrissa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 520103
subject: Forensic psychology

description: Abstract
 This research paper dives into the intersection of Socratic Tripartite Theory And Artificial Intelligence also known as AI, in forensic psychiatry. It explores the convergence of ancient philosophical insights and modern technological innovations. The Socratic Tripartite Theory speaks about the soul having three elements, the reason, spirit, and appetite, offering a rich framework for understanding human behavior. On the other hand AI has been increasingly being used in psychiatry, including forensic psychiatry. This enhances diagnosis accuracy, improves risk assessments, and will optimize treatment outcomes. This paper examines the potential integration of these two fields. The implications of these fields being integrated in forensic psychiatric assessments, including potential benefits, challenges, and limitations are thoroughly explained with focusing on enhancing the accuracy, the fairness, and the effectiveness of forensic psychiatric evaluations in criminal justice settings.
Does the U.S. Need a New Trade Policy?
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: The assertion that the US needs a new trade policy – on the assumption that the US has been embracing multilateral free trade as an objective, an assumption that is itself somewhat dubious, to say the least – has come from several politicians, often among the Democrats, and indeed in varying ways from a handful of economists, some of whom are on the Panel today. Yet, I wish to argue that this is a flawed demand. It comes in several ways from the politicians. At Columbia University some months ago, for instance, we had a Panel on which Charlie Rangel, my Congressman (as Harlem is behind Columbia), declared with a flourish: so far, under the Republicans, trade policy was designed to serve the interests of corporations; now, with Democrats in control of the Congress, it will be re-designed to serve the people. An intellectual or an economist who specializes on international trade would find this amusing, to say the least. But it is a sentiment that goes well beyond the likes of the “anti-trade” or “trade-skeptical” Congressmen Bernie Sanders and Sherrod Brown.
Saturn's icy satellites and rings investigated by Cassini - VIMS. III. Radial compositional variability
Creators: name: Filacchione, G.
name: Capaccioni, F.
name: Ciarniello, M.
name: Clark, R. N.
name: Cuzzi, J. N.
name: Nicholson, P. D.
name: Cruikshank, D. P.
name: Hedman, M. M.
name: Buratti, B. J.
name: Lunine, J. I.
name: Soderblom, L. A.
name: Tosi, F.
name: Cerroni, P.
name: Brown, R. H.
name: McCord, T. B.
name: Jaumann, R.
name: Stephan, K.
name: Baines, K. H.
name: Flamini, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last few years Cassini-VIMS, the Visible and Infared Mapping Spectrometer, returned to us a comprehensive view of the Saturn's icy satellites and rings. After having analyzed the satellites' spectral properties (Filacchione et al. (2007a)) and their distribution across the satellites' hemispheres (Filacchione et al. (2010)), we proceed in this paper to investigate the radial variability of icy satellites (principal and minor) and main rings average spectral properties. This analysis is done by using 2,264 disk-integrated observations of the satellites and a 12x700 pixels-wide rings radial mosaic acquired with a spatial resolution of about 125 km/pixel. The comparative analysis of these data allows us to retrieve the amount of both water ice and red contaminant materials distributed across Saturn's system and the typical surface regolith grain sizes. These measurements highlight very striking differences in the population here analyzed, which vary from the almost uncontaminated and water ice-rich surfaces of Enceladus and Calypso to the metal/organic-rich and red surfaces of Iapetus' leading hemisphere and Phoebe. Rings spectra appear more red than the icy satellites in the visible range but show more intense 1.5-2.0 micron band depths. The correlations among spectral slopes, band depths, visual albedo and phase permit us to cluster the saturnian population in different spectral classes which are detected not only among the principal satellites and rings but among co-orbital minor moons as well. Finally, we have applied Hapke's theory to retrieve the best spectral fits to Saturn's inner regular satellites using the same methodology applied previously for Rhea data discussed in Ciarniello et al. (2011).
description: 44 pages, 27 figures, 7 tables. Submitted to Icarus
title: IMAGING FINDINGS IN COMPLICATIONS OF SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY. Comparison of two different radiologic techniques.
Creators: name: Scaglione, Mariano
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Metabolic disorders
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: CT
subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: GI Tract
subject: Multicentre study

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and the CT findings of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) complications in a multi-centric experience, in order to improve confidence with radiologic pattern of the more common...
Investigations into an enantioselective intramolecular domino heck reaction: applications toward (+)-halenaquinone and (+)-xestoquinone
Creators: name: Lucciola, Daniela
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 249-258
description: This dissertation describes the efforts made toward enhancing the enantioselectivity of an intramolecular asymmetric Pd-catalyzed domino Heck reaction (78-79), its application toward the synthesis of the natural product ( + )-halenaquinone (1), and the investigations of its mechanism. The intramolecular asymmetric Pd-catalyzed domino Heck reaction of triflate 78 was performed using Pd2(dba)3 and PMP with a variety of ligands in toluene, EtOH, and t-BuOH at 110 °C using both oil bath heating and microwave irradiation. Electron­deficient ligands such as (R)-DIFLUORPHOS (113) gave the best enantioselectivities, 94% ee to >99% ee. Performing the reaction in EtOH also resulted in enhanced enantioselectivities compared to toluene. Microwave heating accelerated the reaction without affecting the enantioselectivity and allowed for a longer catalyst lifetime. Using t-BuOH as the solvent in an oil bath suppressed the formation of byproduct 80. Three different approaches toward the synthesis of (+)-halenaquinone (1) were taken. The first involved performing the domino Heck reaction on alkyl enol ethers 186 and 194. Cyclization of the fonner gave only traces of desired product while cyclization of the latter resulted in no product. The second entailed performing a tandem asymmetric Heck reaction/intramolecular carbanion capture on ??-keto ester 211. This approach was unsuccessful. The third approach employed a tandem asymmetric Heck reaction/intermolecular carbanion capture on triflate 237 with sodium enolate 236. Although desired product 234 was not obtained, formation of compound 258 showed that a o-alkylpalladium complex can be captured by a carbanion. Investigations of the mechanism of this domino Heck reaction were conducted by monitoring the reactions of compounds 78, 237, and 284-287 with the preformed catalyst 31 1 [(S)-BINAP]Pd(dba) in benzene-d6, toluene-d8, and EtOH-d6 by P and H NMR spectroscopy. Oxidative addition intermediates were observed for each substrate. These included olefin-coordinated Pd complexes, which were observed in ratios of 74:26 in toluene-d8 and 66:34 to 72:28 in EtOH-d6, for the reactions with triflate 237. These results disagreed with the expected ratio, 85:15. Olefin insertion may not have occurred under the conditions used to monitor these reactions. A mechanism for this reaction in EtOH was postulated invoking the pentacoordinate Pd complexes 155 and 314. An energy diagram rationalizing the enhanced enantioselectivity observed in EtOH relative to toluene was also presented.
Circ_0010729 knockdown protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxic dysfunction via miR-370-3p/TRAF6 axis
Creators: name: Zhang, Jingjing
name: Gao, Chuanyu
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Ye, Famin
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Circ_0010729
subject: miR-370-3p
subject: TRAF6
subject: Cardiomyocytes
subject: Hypoxia
subject: 610

description: Few studies have addressed the mechanism by which circ_0010729 regulates hypoxia-induced cell injury in cardiovascular diseases. However, its role and its regulatory mechanism in myocardial infarction remain to be explored. Cell viability, cycle, apoptosis, and migration were analyzed using cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, caspase-3 activity assay kit and transwell assay, respectively. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Glucose metabolism was calculated by detecting ATP production, glucose uptake and lactate production. Levels of circ_0010729, miR-370-3p and TNF Receptor Associated Factor 6 (TRAF6) were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot. The direct interaction between circ_0010729 and TRAF6 or miR-370-3p was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Under hypoxia condition, cardiomyocytes suffered from cell viability suppression, cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis promotion, migration reduction, increase of inflammatory factor IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as glycolysis inhibition. Circ_0010729 expression was up-regulated in the cardiomyocytes at different hypoxia-exposed time points. Circ_0010729 knockdown protected cardiomyocytes against hypoxic dysfunction, while circ_0010729 overexpression showed inverse effects. MiR-370-3p was confirmed to directly bind to circ_0010729 or TRAF6. MiR-370-3p inhibition attenuated the protective effects of circ_0010729 knockdown on hypoxia-modulated cardiomyocyte dysfunction. MiR-370-3p restoration protected cardiomyocytes against hypoxic injury via targeting TRAF6. Besides, circ_0010729 indirectly regulated TRAF6 expression via miR-370-3p. This study demonstrated that circ_0010729 knockdown attenuated hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction via miR-370-3p/TRAF6 axis, indicating a potential therapeutic target for myocardial infarction.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19 2020, pp. 1520-1532
Water and Architecture: An Amphibious Solution to Urban Flooding
Creators: name: Asson, Bryan Jonathan
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Architecture
subject: Kenzo Tange
subject: Metabolist
subject: Water

description: This thesis intends to address the phenomenon of urban erosion through an understanding and application of Metabolist principles. One of the core elements of the Metabolist movement is a versatile was a megastructure that would create a framework onto which program modules could be attached. Currently, cities like Cape Town in South Africa seek refuge as the water crisis looms overhead. However, In the United States continues to debate whether global warming is an issue. With storms and sea level changes becoming more prevalent it is clear that many cities and suburbs are at risk of being caught under water. At its core, this thesis exploration seeks to create proactive solutions to this global challenge by connecting people to the ecological systems that surround them. To achieve this, this thesis will look to determine place making modules and the interplay between a living space, a home, a community and an ecology.
Spin Transfer Torque with Spin Diffusion in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
Creators: name: Manchon, A
name: Matsumoto, R.
name: Jaffres, H.
name: Grollier, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin transport in magnetic tunnel junctions in the presence of spin diffusion is considered theoretically. Combining ballistic tunneling across the barrier and diffusive transport in the electrodes, we solve the spin dynamics equation in the metallic layers. We show that spin diffusion mixes the transverse spin current components and dramatically modifies the bias dependence of the effective spin transfer torque. This leads to a significant linear bias dependence of the out-of-plane torque, as well as a non-conventional thickness dependence of both spin torque components.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Fostering Creativity in Engineering Students Using Psychological Theory
Creators: name: Leonard, Jared
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Cognitive psychology
subject: alternative uses task
subject: creativity
subject: engineering education
subject: incubation
subject: serial order effect

description: Four experiments were conducted exploring the application of modern psychological theory to improving creative performance in engineering students, as measured by the divergent thinking test the Alternative Uses Task [AUT] and the graphical data analysis method linkography. Evidence was found for the presence of the serial order effect, but not for the efficacy of incubation or direct instruction in the psychology of creativity. A more practical test and instruction may be required. Making a meaningful improvement in the creativity of engineering students may require broad, systemic change in the way engineering is taught.
Direct observation of the exchange anisotropy in the helimagnetic insulator Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$
Creators: name: Baral, Priya R.
name: Utesov, Oleg I.
name: Luo, Chen
name: Radu, Florin
name: Magrez, Arnaud
name: White, Jonathan S.
name: Ukleev, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The helical magnetic structures of cubic chiral systems are well-explained by the competition among Heisenberg exchange, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, cubic anisotropy, and anisotropic exchange interaction (AEI). Recently, the role of the latter has been argued theoretically to be crucial for the low-temperature phase diagram of the cubic chiral magnet Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$, which features tilted conical and disordered skyrmion states for a specific orientation of the applied magnetic field ($μ_0 \vec{\mathrm{H}} \parallel [001]$). In this study, we exploit transmission resonant x-ray scattering ($t-$REXS) in vector magnetic fields to directly quantify the strength of the AEI in Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$, and measure its temperature dependence. We find that the AEI continuously increases below 50\,K, resulting in a conical spiral pitch variation of $10\%$ in the (001) plane. Our results contribute to establishing the interaction space that supports tilted cone and low-temperature skyrmion state formation, facilitating the goals for both a quantitative description and eventual design of the diverse spiral states existing amongst chiral magnets.
title: Tomographic aspects of the lung parenchyma in asthmatic patients.
Creators: name: De Souza, Pedro
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chest
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Thorax
subject: CT
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Inflammation
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Multicentre study

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: To analyze the different findings of chest computed tomography in patients with asthma, correlating with the results of the spirometric pulmonary function test. In this paper, is shown the value of computed tomography (CT) as complementary to...
Single-qubit measurement of two-qubit entanglement in generalized Werner states
Creators: name: Rajeev, Salini
name: Lahiri, Mayukh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional methods of measuring entanglement in a two-qubit photonic mixed state require the detection of both qubits. We generalize a recently introduced method which does not require the detection of both qubits, by extending it to cover a wider class of entangled states. Specifically, we present a detailed theory that shows how to measure entanglement in a family of two-qubit mixed states - obtained by generalizing Werner states - without detecting one of the qubits. Our method is interferometric and does not require any coincidence measurement or postselection. We also perform a quantitative analysis of anticipated experimental imperfections to show that the method is experimentally implementable and resistant to experimental losses.
description: 11 pages main paper, 5 pages supplementary material, 4 figures
Interplay between reactive oxygen species and autophagy in the course of age-related macular degeneration
Creators: name: Nita, Małgorzata
name: Grzybowski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Reactive oxygen species
subject: Oxidative stress
subject: Autophagy
subject: Age-related macular degeneration
subject: Retina disease
subject: Ophthalmology
subject: 610

description: Pathological biomolecules such as lipofuscin, methylglyoxal-modified proteins (the major precursors of advanced glycationend products), misfolding protein deposits and dysfunctional mitochondria are source of oxidative stress and act as strong autophagic stimulators in age-related macular degeneration. Disturbed autophagy accelerates progression of the disease, since it leads to retinal cells’ death and activates inflammation by the interplay with the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Vascular dysfunction and hypoxia, as well as circulating autoantibodies against autophagy regulators (anti-S100A9, anti-ANXA5, and anti-HSPA8, A9 and B4) compromise an autophagy-mediated mechanism as well. Metformin, the autophagic stimulator, may act as a senostatic drug to inhibit the senescent phenotype in the age-related macular degeneration. PGC-1α , Sirt1 and AMPK represent new therapeutic targets for interventions in this disease.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19. 2020, pp. 1353-1371
Ground state topology of a four-terminal superconducting double quantum dot
Creators: name: Teshler, Lev
name: Weisbrich, Hannes
name: Sturm, Jonathan
name: Klees, Raffael L.
name: Rastelli, Gianluca
name: Belzig, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, various classes of systems were proposed to realize topological states of matter. One of them are multiterminal Josephson junctions where topological Andreev bound states are constructed in the synthetic space of superconducting phases. Crucially, the topology in these systems results in a quantized transconductance between two of its terminals comparable to the quantum Hall effect. In this work, we study a double quantum dot with four superconducting terminals and show that it has an experimentally accessible topological regime in which the non-trivial topology can be measured. We also include Coulomb repulsion between electrons which is usually present in experiments and show how the topological region can be maximized in parameter space.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, submitted to SciPost Physics
Compositional Analysis of the High Molecular Weight Ethylene Oxide Propylene Oxide Copolymer by MALDI Mass Spectrometry
Creators: name: Houshia, Orwa Jaber
name: Wilkins, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The composition of narrow distribution poly ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer (Mw ~ 8700 Da) was studied using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. The ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer produced oligomers separated by 14 Da. The average resolving power over the entire spectrum was 28,000. Approximately 448 isotopically resolved peaks representing about 56 oligomers are identified. Although agreement between experimental and calculated isotopic distributions was strong, the compositional assignment was difficult. This is due to the large number of possible isobaric components. The purpose of this research is to resolve and study the composition of high mass copolymer such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide.
title: Immunology of IL-12
title: an update on functional activities and implications for disease
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ullrich, Karen Anne-Marie
name: Schulze, Lisa Lou
name: Paap, Eva-Maria
name: Müller, Tanja Martina
name: Neurath, Markus F.
name: Zundler, Sebastian
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: IL-12
subject: TH1 cells
subject: STAT4
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cytokines
subject: ustekinumab
subject: 610

description: As its first identified member, Interleukin-12 (IL-12) named a whole family of cytokines. In response to pathogens, the heterodimeric protein, consisting of the two subunits p35 and p40, is secreted by phagocytic cells. Binding of IL-12 to the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) on T and natural killer (NK) cells leads to signaling via signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and subsequent interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production and secretion. Signaling downstream of IFN-γ includes activation of T-box transcription factor TBX21 (Tbet) and induces pro-inflammatory functions of T helper 1 (TH1) cells, thereby linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Initial views on the role of IL-12 and clinical efforts to translate them into therapeutic approaches had to be re-interpreted following the discovery of other members of the IL-12 family, such as IL-23, sharing a subunit with IL-12. However, the importance of IL-12 with regard to immune processes in the context of infection and (auto-) inflammation is still beyond doubt. In this review, we will provide an update on functional activities of IL-12 and their implications for disease. We will begin with a summary on structure and function of the cytokine itself as well as its receptor and outline the signal transduction and the transcriptional regulation of IL-12 secretion. In the second part of the review, we will depict the involvement of IL-12 in immune-mediated diseases and relevant experimental disease models, while also providing an outlook on potential translational approaches.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19 2020
Observations of Interstellar Helium Pickup Ions in the Inner Heliosphere
Creators: name: Solomon, Sean C.
name: Gershman, Daniel J.
name: Gloeckler, George
name: Gilbert, Jason A.
name: Raines, Jim M.
name: Fisk, Lennard A.
name: Stone, Edward C.
name: Zurbuchen, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Planetology
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: During the MESSENGER spacecraft's interplanetary trajectory to Mercury, the Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer (FIPS) measured the first helium pickup ion distributions at a heliocentric distance (R) ranging between 0.3 and 0.7 AU. From several transits of MESSENGER through the interstellar helium gravitational focusing cone, we map the cone structure in the ecliptic at R = 0.3 AU and compare it with observations of He+ at R = 1 AU made with the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). Average downwind enhancements of near 8 and average cone widths of plus or minus 30 degrees measured by each sensor match known models of neutral helium during this most recent, unusually quiet, solar minimum. The average cone center direction is calculated to be at J2000 ecliptic longitude L = 76.0 degrees (plus or minus 6.0 degrees) and 77.0 degrees (plus or minus1.5 degrees) from FIPS and SWICS observations, respectively. These parameters are also in agreement with previous determinations of the downwind direction of interstellar flow and demonstrate the effectiveness of using pickup ion observations inside 1 AU to map the structure of the neutral helium distribution in the heliosphere, as well as to diagnose the conditions of the interstellar medium.
title: Brucellar spondylodiscitis: a detailed review of imaging finding
Creators: name: FENDRI, HELA
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Retrospective
subject: Infection
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Biopsy
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Neuro
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by gram-negative coccobacilli: Brucella. Spondylodiscites is the most prevalent manifestation in osteoarticualr involvement, located often at the lumbar spine. The diagnosis of brucellar spondylodiscites(SPD) is...
title: Potential role of exosome in post-stroke reorganization and/or neurodegeneration
title: review article
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Azizi, Fateme
name: Askari, Sahar
name: Javadpour, Pegah
name: Hadjighassem, Mahmoudreza
name: Ghasemi, Rasoul
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Stroke
subject: Neurodegenerative diseases
subject: Exosome
subject: miR9
subject: miR124
subject: 610

description: Currently, stroke is a common and devastating condition, which is sometimes associated with permanent cerebral damages. Although in early time after stroke, the related treatments are mainly focused on the restoration of cerebral blood flow (CBF), at the same time, some changes are commencing that continue for a long time and need to be specially noticed. Previous studies have proposed several molecular mechanisms in these post-stroke events. Exosomes are a type of vesicle, which are formed and secreted by most cells as a mean to transfer cellular constituents such as proteins, DNA and/or RNA to distant cells. Therefore, they are considered as a novel mechanism of cellular communication. Herein, we reviewed the current knowledge on cascades, which are activated after stroke and consequently lead to the reorganization and/or continuance of tissue damage and development of other disorders such as Neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Thereafter, we summarized the latest proofs about the possible participation of exosomes in transferring some components such as proteins and micro-RNAs (miRs), from the affected areas to other parts of the brain and eventually cause the above-mentioned post-stroke events.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 19. 2020, pp. 1590-1606
Markets and Morality
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Economics

description: The paper addresses two issues. First, economics has evolved both as a positive science and, from moral philosophy, also as a normative discipline. Advancing the public good requires that public policy walk on both these legs. Second, the criticism has been forcefully made that markets undermine morality. This contention is refuted in several ways.
Weakly Lensed Gravitational Waves: Probing Cosmic Structures with Wave-Optics Features
Creators: name: Savastano, Stefano
name: Tambalo, Giovanni
name: Villarrubia-Rojo, Hector
name: Zumalacarregui, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Every signal propagating through the universe is at least weakly lensed by the intervening gravitational field. In some situations, wave-optics phenomena (diffraction, interference) can be observed as frequency-dependent modulations of the waveform of gravitational waves (GWs). We will denote these signatures as Wave-Optics Features (WOFs) and analyze them in detail. Our framework can efficiently and accurately compute WOF in the single-image regime, of which weak lensing is a limit. The phenomenology of WOF is rich and offers valuable information: the dense cusps of individual halos appear as peaks in Green's function for lensing. If resolved, these features probe the number, effective masses, spatial distribution and inner profiles of substructures. High signal-to-noise GW signals reveal WOFs well beyond the Einstein radius, leading to a fair probability of observation by upcoming detectors such as LISA. Potential applications of WOF include reconstruction of the lens' projected density, delensing standard sirens and inferring large-scale structure morphology and the halo mass function. Because WOF are sourced by light halos with negligible baryonic content, their detection (or lack thereof) holds promise to test dark matter scenarios.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures
Interdependence of climate, soil, and vegetation as constrained by the Budyko curve
Creators: name: Gentine, Pierre
name: D'Odorico, Paolo
name: Lintner, Benjamin R.
name: Sivandran, Gajan
name: Salvucci, Guido
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Hydrology
Environmental sciences

description: The Budyko curve is an empirical relation among evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration and precipitation observed across a variety of landscapes and biomes around the world. Using data from more than three hundred catchments and a simple water balance model, the Budyko curve is inverted to explore the ecohydrological controls of the soil water balance. Comparing the results across catchments reveals that aboveground transpiration efficiency and belowground rooting structure have adapted to the dryness index and the phase lag between peak seasonal radiation and precipitation. The vertical and/or lateral extent of the rooting zone exhibits a maximum in semi-arid catchments or when peak radiation and precipitation are out of phase. This demonstrates plant strategies in Mediterranean climates in order to cope with water stress: the deeper rooting structure buffers the phase difference between precipitation and radiation. Results from this study can be used to constrain land-surface parameterizations in ungauged basins or general circulation models.
Nelfinavir Inhibits Intra-Mitochondrial Calcium Influx and Protects Brain against Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in Neonatal Mice
Creators: name: Utkina Sosunova, Irina V.
name: Niatsetskaya, Zoya V.
name: Sosunov, Sergey Alexandrovic
name: Ratner, Veniamin
name: Matsiukevich, Dzmitry
name: Ten, Vadim S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Developmental biology

description: Nelfinavir (NLF), an antiretroviral agent, preserves mitochondrial membranes integrity and protects mature brain against ischemic injury in rodents. Our study demonstrates that in neonatal mice NLF significantly limits mitochondrial calcium influx, the event associated with protection of the brain against hypoxic-ischemic insult (HI). Compared to the vehicle-treated mice, cerebral mitochondria from NLF-treated mice exhibited a significantly greater tolerance to the Ca2+-induced membrane permeabilization, greater ADP-phosphorylating activity and reduced cytochrome C release during reperfusion. Pre-treatment with NLF or Ruthenium red (RuR) significantly improved viability of murine hippocampal HT-22 cells, reduced Ca2+ content and preserved membrane potential (Ψm) in mitochondria following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Following histamine-stimulated Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum, in contrast to the vehicle-treated cells, the cells treated with NLF or RuR also demonstrated reduced Ca2+ content in their mitochondria, the event associated with preserved Ψm. Because RuR inhibits mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, we tested whether the NLF acts via the mechanism similar to the RuR. However, in contrast to the RuR, in the experiment with direct interaction of these agents with mitochondria isolated from naïve mice, the NLF did not alter mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, and did not prevent Ca2+ induced collapse of the Ψm. These data strongly argues against interaction of NLF and mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter. Although the exact mechanism remains unclear, our study is the first to show that NLF inhibits intramitochondrial Ca2+ flux and protects developing brain against HI-reperfusion injury. This novel action of NLF has important clinical implication, because it targets a fundamental mechanism of post-ischemic cell death: intramitochondrial Ca2+ overload → mitochondrial membrane permeabilization → secondary energy failure.
Development of a photochemical source of peroxyacyl nitrates and application of iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry to measurement of nitryl chloride and peroxyacyl nitrate abundances in ambient air
Creators: name: Furgeson, Amanda
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 101-107
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Includes copies of copyright permission. Original copies with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: Peroxyacyl nitrates and nitryl chloride are two nitrogen oxide reservoir species, which release N02 upon degradation, and thus can contribute to tropospheric ozone formation in remote areas. Here, calibration and operating procedures for an iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometer for the measurement of peroxyacyl nitrates and nitryl chloride at ambient concentrations are described. An in-situ photochemical calibration source was developed to generate gaseous peroxyacyl nitrate samples and used to calibrate the chemical ionization mass spectrometer. This source produces peroxyacyl nitrates through ketone photolysis in the presence of NO (or N02) and 0 2. The chemical ionization mass spectrometer was used for ambient monitoring studies of peroxyacyl nitrates and nitryl chloride. The first measurements of nitryl chloride in Canada were made during the long term field study SNOWCAT (Species of NOy in the Wintertime Calgary Alberta Troposphere). Variations in nitryl chloride mixing ratios as a function of season and wind direction are discussed.
ROLE OF TRPV4 CALCIUM CHANNEL IN PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS-INDUCED EXACERBATION OF OXIDIZED LDL-MEDIATED MACROPHAGE FOAM CELL FORMATION
Creators: name: Gupta, Nabyendu
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nutrition

description: Atherosclerosis, a chronic vascular disease accounts for major deaths worldwide. Associations between atherosclerosis and periodontitis have been documented by epidemiological studies. The process underlying P. gingivalis (Pg) infection induced atherogenesis however, is unclear. Macrophage ‘foam cells’ formation is a hallmark for in-vivo atherosclerosis progression. Our studies indicate that a calcium channel, Transient Receptor Potential channel of the vanilloid family 4 (TRPV4) mediates foam cell generation on Pg lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS) stimulation. Also, we observed increased TRPV4 activity (Ca2+ influx) with PgLPS treatment. Genetic deletion of TRPV4 or inhibition by TRPV4 specific chemical antagonist impeded PgLPS-triggered aggravated oxidized LDL (oxLDL) uptake and foam cell formation. Our results mechanistically showed that i) TRPV4 is required for oxLDL uptake, but not its cell surface binding ii) Decreased foam cell formation is independent of CD36 expression. Altogether, our results demonstrate that TRPV4 plays a crucial role in PgLPS-induced exacerbation of oxLDL-mediated macrophage foam cell formation.
Spatial matter density mapping of the STAGES Abell A901/2 supercluster field with 3D lensing
Creators: name: Simon, P.
name: Heymans, C.
name: Schrabback, T.
name: Taylor, A. N.
name: Gray, M. E.
name: van Waerbeke, L.
name: Wolf, C.
name: Bacon, D.
name: Barden, M.
name: Böhm, A.
name: Häußler, B.
name: Jahnke, K.
name: Jogee, S.
name: van Kampen, E.
name: Meisenheimer, K.
name: Peng, C. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present weak lensing data from the HST/STAGES survey to study the three-dimensional spatial distribution of matter and galaxies in the Abell 901/902 supercluster complex. Our method improves over the existing 3D lensing mapping techniques by calibrating and removing redshift bias and accounting for the effects of the radial elongation of 3D structures. We also include the first detailed noise analysis of a 3D lensing map, showing that even with deep HST quality data, only the most massive structures, for example M200>~10^15 Msun/h at z~0.8, can be resolved in 3D with any reasonable redshift accuracy (Δz~0.15). We compare the lensing map to the stellar mass distribution and find luminous counterparts for all mass peaks detected with a peak significance >3σ. We see structures in and behind the z=0.165 foreground supercluster, finding structure directly behind the A901b cluster at z~0.6 and also behind the SW group at z~0.7. This 3D structure viewed in projection has no significant impact on recent mass estimates of A901b or the SW group components SWa and SWb.
description: Accepted by MNRAS Sep. 2011; 21 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, correction of a few typos
title: Laying Down the Mark: Retrospective review evaluating marker clip placement practices in Breast Cancer Management.
Creators: name: Doran, Simon
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Audit and standards
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is used to downstage locally advanced (inoperable disease) to render it operable or in cases of early breast cancer to facilitate breast conserving surgery (BCS) [1]. Ultrasound-guided marker clip placement (MCP)...
title: Chest CT finding in Organizing Pneumonia
Creators: name: GUERMAZI, HAIFA
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chest
subject: Breast
subject: Lung
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Connective tissue disorders
subject: Toxicity
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Organizing pneumonia(OP) is a clinical, radiological and histological entity belonging to the diffuse infiltrative pneumopathies(20-30%), whose study has progressed over the last twenty years. It is a process of repairing lung tissue that can be...
More on the Equivalence of Tariffs and Quotas
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1968
Subjects: Economics

description: If one takes the pair-wise definition of equivalence, that a quota will give rise to an implicit tariff rate which, if alternatively set as a tariff, will generate the same level of imports as the quota, it is unambiguously clear that equivalence breaks down when there is monopoly import under both tariff and quota. An explicit tariff will not lead to an import level which, if set alternatively as a quota, will generate an implicit tariff equal to the explicit tariff; nor will a quota lead to an implicit tariff which, if set alternatively as an explicit tariff, will generate the same level of imports. In the case when foreign supply is monopolistic, the implicit tariff rate is zero under the quota but setting the actual tariff rate at zero and removing the quota restriction will not yield the same level of imports and domestic production; the truly equivalent tariff rate is higher. Similarly, in the case where there is domestic, import monopoly instead, the truly equivalent tariff is lower than the implicit tariff rate in the quota alternative.
Image Blending Algorithm with Automatic Mask Generation
Creators: name: Xue, Haochen
name: Jin, Mingyu
name: Zhang, Chong
name: Huang, Yuxuan
name: Weng, Qian
name: Jin, Xiaobo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, image blending has gained popularity for its ability to create visually stunning content. However, the current image blending algorithms mainly have the following problems: manually creating image blending masks requires a lot of manpower and material resources; image blending algorithms cannot effectively solve the problems of brightness distortion and low resolution. To this end, we propose a new image blending method with automatic mask generation: it combines semantic object detection and segmentation with mask generation to achieve deep blended images based on our proposed new saturation loss and two-stage iteration of the PAN algorithm to fix brightness distortion and low-resolution issues. Results on publicly available datasets show that our method outperforms other classical image blending algorithms on various performance metrics, including PSNR and SSIM.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
title: Percutaneous thoracic biopsy using automatic vs semi-automatic needle: what is the best option?
Creators: name: ISUS  OLIVÉ, GEMMA
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chest
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Lung
subject: Thorax
subject: CT
subject: Biopsy
subject: Education and training
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Multicentre study

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: To determine which needle (automatic vs semi-automatic) is capable of gathering more profitable samples for histochemical analysis and produce a lower interventional complications rate. Chest computed tomography is widely used in clinical practice...
Improved electron-beam ion-trap lifetime measurement of the Ne8+ 1s2s3S1 level
Creators: name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
name: Trabert, E.
name: Beiersdorfer, P.
name: Brown, G. V.
name: Smith, A. J.
name: Utter, S. B.
name: Gu, M. F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Astrophysics
Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics

description: An earlier electron-beam ion-trap (EBIT) lifetime measurement of the Ne8+ 1s2s3S1 level has been improved upon, reducing the uncertainties to less than the scatter in the existing theoretical calculations. The new result, 91.7±0.4 μs, agrees with the previous value, but is more precise by a factor of 4. The new value distinguishes among theoretical values, as agreement is obtained only with those calculations that employ "exact" nonrelativistic or relativistic wave functions. Routes to measurements with even higher accuracy are discussed.
Numerical Approximation of Nonlinear Stochastic Volterra Integral Equation using Walsh Function
Creators: name: Paikaray, Prit Pritam
name: Parida, Nigam Chandra
name: Beuria, Sanghamitra
name: Nikan, Omid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H05, 65C30

description: This paper adopts a highly effective numerical approach for approximating non-linear stochastic Volterra integral equations (NLSVIEs) based on the operational matrices of the Walsh function and the collocation method. The method transforms the integral equation into a system of algebraic equations, which allows for the derivation of an approximate solution. Error analysis has been performed, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method, which results in a linear order of convergence. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the precision and effectiveness of this proposed method.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2305.16678, arXiv:2305.00823