cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic-Scale Junction Detection and Matching for Indoor Images
Creators: name: Xue, Nan
name: Xia, Gui-Song
name: Bai, Xiang
name: Zhang, Liangpei
name: Shen, Weiming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Junctions play an important role in the characterization of local geometric structures in images, the detection of which is a longstanding and challenging task. Existing junction detectors usually focus on identifying the junction locations and the orientations of the junction branches while ignoring their scales; however, these scales also contain rich geometric information. This paper presents a novel approach to junction detection and characterization that exploits the locally anisotropic geometries of a junction and estimates the scales of these geometries using an \emph{a contrario} model. The output junctions have anisotropic scales --- i.e., each branch of a junction is associated with an independent scale parameter --- and are thus termed anisotropic-scale junctions (ASJs). We then apply the newly detected ASJs for the matching of indoor images, in which there may be dramatic changes in viewpoint and the detected local visual features, e.g., key-points, are usually insufficiently distinctive. We propose to use the anisotropic geometries of our junctions to improve the matching precision for indoor images. Matching results obtained on sets of indoor images demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in indoor image matching.
description: This paper has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Constraining Superfluidity in Dense Matter from the Cooling of Isolated Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Beloin, Spencer
name: Han, Sophia
name: Steiner, Andrew W.
name: Page, Dany
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantitative analysis of superfluidity and superconductivity in dense matter from observations of isolated neutron stars in the context of the minimal cooling model. Our new approach produces the best fit neutron triplet superfluid critical temperature, the best fit proton singlet superconducting critical temperature, and their associated statistical uncertainties. We find that the neutron triplet critical temperature is likely $2.09^{+4.37}_{-1.41} \times 10^{8}$ K and that the proton singlet critical temperature is $7.59^{+2.48}_{-5.81} \times 10^{9}$ K. However, we also show that this result only holds if the Vela neutron star is not included in the data set. If Vela is included, the gaps increase significantly to attempt to reproduce Vela's lower temperature given its young age. Further including neutron stars believed to have carbon atmospheres increases the neutron critical temperature and decreases the proton critical temperature. Our method demonstrates that continued observations of isolated neutron stars can quantitatively constrain the nature of superfluidity in dense matter.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, version to be published in Phys. Rev. C
Empirical Analysis of Asset Pricing Models, Prospect Theory and Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Hong Kong Stock Market.
Creators: name: Honglin Wang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Asset pricing models
Covid-19
Hong Kong Stock Market
Prospect Theory
Rolling Volatility

description: Covid-19 causes hundreds of deaths globally meanwhile it brings higher volatility on Hong Kong Stock Market which is the financial center of Asia. It attracts to investigate whether Asset Pricing Models, Prospect Theory and Covid-19 Pandemic can clearly illustrate variations in stocks returns on the market via a set of regression analysis. The empirical findings demonstrate that Hong Kong Stock Market experiences large fluctuations during the pandemic; Hang Seng Index positively relates to constructed portfolios; Government interventions such as Lockdown and Traveling Restrictions bring higher returns on the index; Crude Oil is another factor that affects the stock market negatively; Stocks with the highest previous monthly returns tend to have higher returns in the current month; Asset Pricing Models can provide assistance on assessing whether market efficiency exists in Hong Kong Stock Market.
On a family of Caldero-Chapoton algebras that have the Laurent phenomenon
Creators: name: Labardini-Fragoso, Daniel
name: Velasco, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G20, 13F60

description: We realize a family of generalized cluster algebras as Caldero-Chapoton algebras of quivers with relations. Each member of this family arises from an unpunctured polygon with one orbifold point of order 3, and is realized as a Caldero-Chapoton algebra of a quiver with relations naturally associated to any triangulation of the alluded polygon. The realization is done by defining for every arc $j$ on the polygon with orbifold point a representation $M(j)$ of the referred quiver with relations, and by proving that for every triangulation $τ$ and every arc $j\inτ$, the product of the Caldero-Chapoton functions of $M(j)$ and $M(j')$, where $j'$ is the arc that replaces $j$ when we flip $j$ in $τ$, equals the corresponding exchange polynomial of Chekhov-Shapiro in the generalized cluster algebra. Furthermore, we show that there is a bijection between the set of generalized cluster variables and the isomorphism classes of $E$-rigid indecomposable decorated representations of $Λ$.
description: v4: Section 4 added, references updated, exposition improved and some typos fixed after referee report. Final version, published in J. Algebra. 33 pages, 10 figures
Towards visible soliton microcomb generation
Creators: name: Lee, Seung Hoon
name: Oh, Dong Yoon
name: Yang, Qi-Fan
name: Shen, Boqiang
name: Wang, Heming
name: Yang, Ki Youl
name: Lai, Yu-Hung
name: Yi, Xu
name: Li, Xinbai
name: Vahala, Kerry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Frequency combs have applications that extend from the ultra-violet into the mid-infrared bands. Microcombs, a miniature and often semiconductor-chip-based device, can potentially access most of these applications, but are currently more limited in spectral reach. Here, we demonstrate mode-locked silica microcombs with emission near the edge of the visible spectrum. By using both geometrical and mode-hybridization dispersion control, devices are engineered for soliton generation while also maintaining optical $Q$ factors as high as 80 million. Electronics-bandwidth-compatible (20 GHz) soliton mode locking is achieved with low pumping powers (parametric oscillation threshold powers as low as 5.4 mW). These are the shortest wavelength soliton microcombs demonstrated to date and could be used in miniature optical clocks. The results should also extend to visible and potentially ultra-violet bands.
description: Seung Hoon Lee, Dong Yoon Oh, Qi-Fan Yang, Boqiang Shen and Heming Wang contributed equally to this work
Localized Donaldson-Thomas theory of surfaces
Creators: name: Gholampour, Amin
name: Sheshmani, Artan
name: Yau, Shing-Tung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $S$ be a projective simply connected complex surface and $\mathcal{L}$ be a line bundle on $S$. We study the moduli space of stable compactly supported 2-dimensional sheaves on the total spaces of $\mathcal{L}$. The moduli space admits a $\mathbb{C}^*$-action induced by scaling the fibers of $\mathcal{L}$. We identify certain components of the fixed locus of the moduli space with the moduli space of torsion free sheaves and the nested Hilbert schemes on $S$. We define the localized Donaldson-Thomas invariants of $\mathcal{L}$ by virtual localization in the case that $\mathcal{L}$ twisted by the anti-canonical bundle of $S$ admits a nonzero global section. When $p_g(S)>0$, in combination with Mochizuki's formulas, we are able to express the localized DT invariants in terms of the invariants of the nested Hilbert schemes defined by the authors in [GSY17a], the Seiberg-Witten invariants of $S$, and the integrals over the products of Hilbert schemes of points on $S$. When $\mathcal{L}$ is the canonical bundle of $S$, the Vafa-Witten invariants defined recently by Tanaka-Thomas, can be extracted from these localized DT invariants. VW invariants are expected to have modular properties as predicted by S-duality.
description: Most updated version based on comments by the referee. 36 pages
SIGNIFICANCE OF ROBOTIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY OVER LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHOLECYSTITIS: A CASE STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PATIENTS’ DECISION AT A HOSPITAL IN TEXAS, USA
Creators: name: Vikrom Ahuja
Publisher: name: Assumption University Press
Year: 2022
Subjects: Cholecystectomy
Cholecystitis
Incision
Laparoscopic
Robotic

description: AU-eJIR, 7, 2, 62-80
The Logarithm Map, its Limits and Frechet Means in Orthant Spaces
Creators: name: Barden, Dennis
name: Le, Huiling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60B05, 60B10

description: The first part of the paper studies the expression for, and the properties of, the logarithm map on an orthant space, which is a simple stratified space, with the aim of analysing Frechet means of probability measures on such a space. In the second part, we use these results to characterise Frechet means and to derive various of their properties, including the limiting distribution of sample Frechet means.
description: 43 pages
Die Segel richtig setzen: Bildungsdaten geben die Richtung vor
Creators: name: Kleinaltenkamp, Katharina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Bildungsmonitoring
Bildungsmanagement
Fachkräftesicherung
Demografische Entwicklung
Arbeitsmarkt
Ausbildungsmarkt
Weiterbildung
Datenbasiertes Kommunales Bildungsmanagement
DKBM
Transferinitiative Kommunales Bildungsmanagement
Fachnetzwerk für kommunales Bildungsmanagement

description: Präsentation bei der Thementagung "Die Fachkräfte von morgen - kommunale Ansätze im Bildungsbereich" der Transferagentur Rheinland-Pfalz - Saarland am 09. Oktober 2023
Intrinsic computation of a Monod-Wyman-Changeux molecule
Creators: name: Marzen, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Causal states are minimal sufficient statistics of prediction of a stochastic process, their coding cost is called statistical complexity, and the implied causal structure yields a sense of the process' "intrinsic computation". We discuss how statistical complexity changes with slight variations on a biologically-motivated dynamical model, that of a Monod-Wyman-Changeux molecule. Perturbations to nonexistent transitions cause statistical complexity to jump from finite to infinite, while perturbations to existent transitions cause relatively slight variations in the statistical complexity. The same is not true for excess entropy, the mutual information between past and future. We discuss the implications of this for the relationship between intrinsic and useful computation of biological sensory systems.
description: The main claim of the paper is actually incorrect due to a huge technical error, and although there are still correct results in this paper, this paper as written should be withdrawn
Cohomology classes of strata of differentials
Creators: name: Sauvaget, Adrien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H10, 30F30, 32G15, 14C17

description: We introduce a space of stable meromorphic differentials with poles of prescribed orders and define its tautological cohomology ring. This space, just as the space of holomorphic differentials, is stratified according to the set of multiplicities of zeros of the differential. The main goal of this paper is to compute the Poincaré-dual cohomology classes of all strata. We prove that all these classes are tautological and give an algorithm to compute them. In a second part of the paper we study the Picard group of the strata. We use the tools introduced in the first part to deduce several relations in these Picard groups.
description: 65 pages, 3 figures
La relation enseignant-élève en France : réflexion pour son amélioration
Creators: name: RICS, Revue
name: Espinosa, Gaëlle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Professional education and training

description: Ce texte porte sur la place de la relation enseignant-élève dans le système éducatif français et présente des pistes pour travailler à l’amélioration de cette relation dans le cadre de la formation des enseignants. Dans un premier temps, sont présentés les contenus des textes officiels de l’Éducation nationale française, permettant de constater la présence, très générale, des questions de la relation enseignant-élève – et notamment de la notion de bienveillance – et du bien-être de l’élève à l’école. Est, en même temps, soulignée une absence d’accompagnement et de formation des enseignants, notamment en Institut national supérieur du professorat et de l’éducation (Inspé), à la question de la relation enseignant-élève. Nous indiquons alors que c’est, selon nous, justement sur ce point qu’un travail devrait être fourni, en France, pour participer à améliorer la relation enseignant-élève. Dans un deuxième temps, sont présentés des résultats d’importance issus de la recherche scientifique menée, à l’international, sur la question de la relation enseignant-élève et vers lesquels il conviendrait que le système éducatif français se tourne. Dans un troisième et dernier temps, nous proposons deux balises pour l’élaboration d’une formation initiale et continue des enseignants à la relation enseignant-élève.
Cation mono- and co-doped anatase TiO$_2$ nanotubes: An {\em ab initio} investigation of electronic and optical properties
Creators: name: Fadlallah, Mohamed M.
name: Eckern, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structural, electronic, and optical properties of metal (Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) mono- and co-doped anatase TiO$_{2}$ nanotubes are investigated, in order to elucidate their potential for photocatalytic applications. It is found that Si doped TiO$_{2}$ nanotubes are more stable than those doped with Ge, Sn, or Pb. All dopants lower the band gap, except the (Ge, Sn) co-doped structure, the decrease depending on the concentration and the type of dopant. Correspondingly, a redshift in the optical properties for all kinds of dopings is obtained. Even though a Pb mono- and co-doped TiO$_{2}$ nanotube has the lowest band gap, these systems are not suitable for water splitting, due to the location of the conduction band edges, in contrast to Si, Ge, and Sn mono-doped TiO$_{2}$ nanotubes. On the other hand, co-doping of TiO$_{2}$ does not improve its photocatalytic properties. Our findings are consistent with recent experiments which show an enhancement of light absorption for Si and Sn doped TiO$_{2}$ nanotubes.
description: revised and updated, 23 pages (preprint style), 7 figures, 5 tables
Coherence as a resource for source-independent quantum random-number generation
Creators: name: Ma, Jiajun
name: Yuan, Xiao
name: Hakande, Aishwarya
name: Ma, Xiongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring quantum states provides means to generate genuine random numbers. It has been shown that genuine randomness can be obtained even with an uncharacterized quantum source. In this work, we propose a framework that formalizes the idea of realizing source-independent quantum random number generation via measuring coherence. Without full state tomography, the coherence of the source can be estimated by coherence witnesses. The existing uncertainty-relation-based schemes can be treated as special cases under the coherence framework, as we design a nonlinear coherence witness that can essentially yield the same results. Meanwhile, we propose a source-independent random number generation scheme, which can achieve a higher randomness generation rate than the uncertainty-relation-based ones.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Gamma Ray Burst Prompt correlations
Creators: name: Dainotti, Maria
name: Del Vecchio, Roberta
name: Tarnopolski, Mariusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism responsible for the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still a debated issue. The prompt phase-related GRB correlations can allow to discriminate among the most plausible theoretical models explaining this emission. We present an overview of the observational two-parameter correlations, their physical interpretations, their use as redshift estimators and possibly as cosmological tools. The nowadays challenge is to make GRBs, the farthest stellar-scaled objects observed (up to redshift $z=9.4$), standard candles through well established and robust correlations. However, GRBs spanning several orders of magnitude in their energetics are far from being standard candles. We describe the advances in the prompt correlation research in the past decades, with particular focus paid to the discoveries in the last 20 years.
Applications of neural networks to the studies of phase transitions of two-dimensional Potts models
Creators: name: Li, Chian-De
name: Tan, Deng-Ruei
name: Jiang, Fu-Jiun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the finite temperature (FT) phase transitions of two-dimensional (2D) $q$-states Potts models on the square lattice, using the first principles Monte Carlo (MC) simulations as well as the techniques of neural networks (NN). We demonstrate that the ideas from NN can be adopted to study these considered FT phase transitions efficiently. In particular, even with a simple NN constructed in this investigation, we are able to obtain the relevant information of the nature of these FT phase transitions, namely whether they are first order or second order. Our results strengthens the potential applicability of machine learning in studying various states of matters. Subtlety of applying NN techniques to investigate many-body systems is briefly discussed as well.
description: Revised version, 11 pages, 24 figures
Mobile-mentory mobile documentaries in the mediascape
Creators: name: Schleser, Max
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2010

description: This thesis investigates the potential of and prospects for mobile documentary filmmaking. As a result of practice-led research, the city film Max with a Keitai was produced on mobile camera phones for cinematic projection. The feature-length documentary portrays the contemporary Japanese megalopolis through the lens of a mobile phone and records the mobile filmmaking process. Simultaneously, the project experimented with mobile phones as viewing devices for ‘micro-movies’. Through curating an international mobile art exhibition and mobile feature film screening, the research explored the new mobile aesthetic from 2004 onwards, which is presented as the Keitai Aesthetic in this thesis. In the first chapters the thesis maps out the early mobile mediascape in the years 2004 to 2007 and analyses cinematic technology through user-based histories. Furthermore, the theoretical framework explores the city films of the 1920s and the concept of motion in film. Mobile filmmaking in the years 2004 to 2007 constitutes a return to non-linear documentary practices, such as interval theory (Dziga Vertov) and Ur-Kino (Hans Richter). The final chapters examine the new emerging mobile aesthetic in the research timeframe from 2004 to 2007 and further develop the argument that innovation in mobile filmmaking occurred, both in the domain of the gallery and the film-festival context before the media industry realized the potential of mobile media. The particular mobile resolution adds new elements to the emerging Keitai Aesthetic: the experience of location, notions of personal, immediate and intimate qualities. This research documents the alternative approach offered by the mobile-mentary (mobile documentary) and explores its potential as an intervention into the industry dominated discourse.
The composition of local government expenditure and income growth: the case of Sweden
Creators: name: Järnberg, Linda Andersson
name: Värja, Emelie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This paper analyses the relationship between the composition of local government expenditure and income growth rate at the local level. Based on a panel of municipality-level data for Sweden spanning the period 1996–2015, we find indications of a negative relative ‘growth effect’ of education spending compared with both perceived non-productive expenditure shares and childcare and infrastructure spending, both viewed as productive. However, the robustness of these results is challenged when considering spatial interactions, and the choice of panel construction to address reverse causality. To some extent the results are confined to the assumption that local fiscal policy is exogenous.
The Effects of Side-Taking on Narrative Entertainment and the Perceptions of Events and Characters
Creators: name: Matthews, Nicholas L.
name: Francemone, C. Joseph
name: Monge, C. K.
name: Fitzgerald, Kaitlin
name: Lynch, Teresa
name: Grizzard, Matthew
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Media psychologists commonly study how narrative elements (e.g. characters) influence entertainment and perceptions. Research on the sequencing and structure of these elements (i.e. metanarrative; the shape of the story) is less common. In both areas, morality tends to ground theorizing (e.g. disposition theory). To extend knowledge in these domains, we conceptualize and observe the effects of side-taking (i.e. choosing a side during conflict), a core concept in narratives and moral psychology. Dynamic coordination theory explains that side-taking is fundamental to morality because it signals moral judgment/condemnation. In a preregistered experiment (N = 577), we observed how the direction (i.e. siding with/against the protagonists or taking no side) and timing of side-taking (i.e. early, middle, or late in the story) influenced variables at multiple levels of analysis (i.e. micro-to-macro). Although timing did not produce effects, we found robust evidence that the direction of side-taking affected variables at all levels of analysis.
Rural conservatism and the urban spirit of capitalism? On the geography of human values
Creators: name: Weckroth, Mikko
name: Kemppainen, Teemu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: This analysis makes an empirical enquiry into urban–rural and regional value differences in Europe. In this task we use the 7th Round of the European Social Survey (ESS) and Eurostat’s NUTS-level data and focus on four value orientations derived from the Human Values Scale: Self-enhancement, Self-transcendence, Openness to change and Conservation. Results show that the most distinct urban–rural differences lie in the Conservation versus Openness to change axis. Additionally, Conservation is associated with lower regional gross domestic product (GDP), whereas Self-enhancement, emphasizing a motivation for self-interest and interpersonal rivalry and hence behavioural dimension of capitalism, is positively associated with population density.
Governing regional affordability: rethinking the production of affordable spaces across the Metropolitan Region Amsterdam (MRA)
Creators: name: Taşan-Kok, Tuna
name: Legarza, Andre
name: Özogul, Sara
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The Covid-19 pandemic has coincided with increased residential property investment outside the Amsterdam urban core and the ongoing departure of residents into its surrounding, more affordable metropolitan area. Underlying these developments, we have found increased regulatory efforts scattered across diverse public administration scales to improve housing delivery and access throughout the metropolitan region. Within these increasingly complex landscapes, we argue there is an urgent need to develop coordinated regional governance mechanisms to respond to fragmented regulatory efforts and dynamic residential investment landscapes to ensure long-term affordability and accessibility to housing across the region. We introduce an approach to affordability that centres on regional governance, moving away from popularized urban-centric interventions to affordable housing delivery and investment.
Orbital degeneracy loci and applications
Creators: name: Benedetti, Vladimiro
name: Filippini, Sara Angela
name: Manivel, Laurent
name: Tanturri, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Degeneracy loci of morphisms between vector bundles have been used in a wide variety of situations. We introduce a vast generalization of this notion, based on orbit closures of algebraic groups in their linear representations. A preferred class of our orbital degeneracy loci is characterized by a certain crepancy condition on the orbit closure, that allows to get some control on the canonical sheaf. This condition is fulfilled for Richardson nilpotent orbits, and also for partially decomposable skew-symmetric three-forms in six variables. In order to illustrate the efficiency and flexibility of our methods, we construct in both situations many Calabi--Yau manifolds of dimension three and four, as well as a few Fano varieties, including some new Fano fourfolds.
description: To appear in Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. (5)
DataLad Decentralized Management of Digital Objects for Open Science
Creators: name: Wagner, Adina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Version Control
Git
DataLad
Research Data Management

description: An introductory talk about DataLad, given virtually at the NHR Data Management JF on the 15th of April.

A rendering of the slides can be found at files.inm7.de/adina/talks/html/nhr_2025_datalad.html. The sources can be found at hub.psychoinformatics.de/adina/datalad-course.
Microlensing constraints on primordial black holes with the Subaru/HSC Andromeda observation
Creators: name: Niikura, Hiroko
name: Takada, Masahiro
name: Yasuda, Naoki
name: Lupton, Robert H.
name: Sumi, Takahiro
name: More, Surhud
name: Kurita, Toshiki
name: Sugiyama, Sunao
name: More, Anupreeta
name: Oguri, Masamune
name: Chiba, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes (PBHs) have long been suggested as a viable candidate for the elusive dark matter (DM). The abundance of such PBHs has been constrained using a number of astrophysical observations, except for a hitherto unexplored mass window of $M_{\rm PBH}=[10^{-14},10^{-9}]M_\odot$. Here we carry out a dense-cadence (2~min sampling rate), 7 hour-long observation of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam to search for microlensing of stars in M31 by PBHs lying in the halo regions of the Milky Way (MW) and M31. Given our simultaneous monitoring of tens of millions of stars in M31, if such light PBHs make up a significant fraction of DM, we expect to find many microlensing events for the PBH DM scenario. However, we identify only a single candidate event, which translates into the most stringent upper bounds on the abundance of PBHs in the mass range $M_{\rm PBH}\simeq [10^{-11}, 10^{-6}]M_\odot$.
description: 43 pages, 25 figures, 2 tables. Made significant revision of the microlensing event rate calculation taking into account both effects of finite source size and wave optics
Cosmological Evolution and Solar System Consistency of Massive Scalar-Tensor Gravity
Creators: name: Alby, Thibaut Arnoulx de Pirey Saint
name: Yunes, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scalar-tensor theory of Damour and Esposito-Farèse recently gained some renewed interest because of its ability to suppress modifications to General Relativity in the weak field, while introducing large corrections in the strong field of compact objects through a process called scalarization. A large sector of this theory that allows for scalarization, however, has been shown to be in conflict with Solar System observations when accounting for the cosmological evolution of the scalar field. We here study an extension of this theory by endowing the scalar field with a mass to determine whether this allows the theory to pass Solar System constraints upon cosmological evolution for a larger sector of coupling parameter space. We show that the cosmological scalar field goes first through a quiescent phase, similar to the behavior of a massless field, but then it enters an oscillatory phase, with an amplitude (and frequency) that decays (and grows) exponentially. We further show that after the field enters the oscillatory phase, its effective energy density and pressure are approximately those of dust, as expected from previous cosmological studies. Due to these oscillations, we show that the scalar field cannot be treated as static today on astrophysical scales, and so we use time-dependent perturbation theory to compute the scalar-field-induced modifications to Solar System observables. We find that these modifications are suppressed when the mass of the scalar field and the coupling parameter of the theory are in a wide range, allowing the theory to pass Solar System constraints, while in principle possibly still allowing for scalarization.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, replaced with version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
An entangling-probe attack on Shor's algorithm for factorization
Creators: name: Azuma, Hiroo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how to attack Shor's quantum algorithm for factorization with an entangling probe. We show that an attacker can steal an exact solution of Shor's algorithm outside an institute where the quantum computer is installed if he replaces its initialized quantum register with entangled qubits, namely the entangling probe. He can apply arbitrary local operations to his own probe. Moreover, we assume that there is an unauthorized person who helps the attacker to commit a crime inside the institute. He tells garbage data obtained from measurements of the quantum register to the attacker secretly behind a legitimate user's back. If the attacker succeeds in cracking Shor's algorithm, the legitimate user obtains a random answer and does not notice the attacker's illegal acts. We discuss how to detect the attacker. Finally we estimate a probability that the quantum algorithm inevitably makes an error, of which the attacker can take advantage.
description: v1: 11 pages, latex2e; v2: 14 pages, 2 eps figures, the previous version has been completely rewritten with a new title; v3: minor corrections; v4: minor corrections; v5: a typographical error is corrected
Degenerate limits for one-parameter families of non-fixed-point diffusions on fractals
Creators: name: Hambly, Ben
name: Yang, Weiye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80, 60J25, 31C25

description: The Sierpinski gasket is known to support an exotic stochastic process called the asymptotically one-dimensional diffusion. This process displays local anisotropy, as there is a preferred direction of motion which dominates at the microscale, but on the macroscale we see global isotropy in that the process will behave like the canonical Brownian motion on the fractal. In this paper we analyse the microscale behaviour of such processes, which we call non-fixed point diffusions, for a class of fractals and show that there is a natural limit diffusion associated with the small scale asymptotics. This limit process no longer lives on the original fractal but is supported by another fractal, which is the Gromov-Hausdorff limit of the original set after a shorting operation is performed on the dominant microscale direction of motion. We establish the weak convergence of the rescaled diffusions in a general setting and use this to answer a question raised in Hattori (1994) about the ultraviolet limit of the asymptotically one-dimensional diffusion process on the Sierpinski gasket.
description: 45 pages, 3 figures
Intermediation in European aerospace clusters: a configurational approach
Creators: name: Speldekamp, Daniël
name: Knoben, Joris
name: Saka-Helmhout, Ayse
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: This paper investigates which intermediary practices among European aerospace clusters support their diverse membership. Using a configurational approach, we find nine successful sets of practices spanning cluster members with varying levels of internal resources. We unpack important trade-offs, with no single approach to intermediation being ideal in every context. However, the presence of mutual trust is necessary, hinting that its importance in brokered networks has been understated by past research. Furthermore, equifinality exists even for similar types of members, suggesting the need for future research to be attentive to the existence of multiple viable approaches to cluster intermediation.
Periodic Anderson model with Holstein phonons for the description of the Cerium volume collapse
Creators: name: Li, Enzhi
name: Yang, Shuxiang
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Tam, Ka-Ming
name: Jarrell, Mark
name: Moreno, Juana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments have suggested that the electron-phonon coupling may play an important role in the $γ\rightarrow α$ volume collapse transition in Cerium. A minimal model for the description of such transition is the periodic Anderson model. In order to better understand the effect of the electron-phonon interaction on the volume collapse transition, we study the periodic Anderson model with coupling between Holstein phonons and electrons in the conduction band. We find that the electron-phonon coupling enhances the volume collapse, which is consistent with experiments in Cerium. While we start with the Kondo Volume Collapse scenario in mind, our results capture some interesting features of the Mott scenario, such as a gap in the conduction electron spectra which grows with the effective electron-phonon coupling.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Overcoming knowledge network failures: evidence from a French interregional scientific alliance in green chemistry
Creators: name: Maisonobe, Marion
name: Bernela, Bastien
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Science Policy

description: Competition in research has led to the emergence of new regional spaces and interorganizational arrangements, designed to improve their participants’ visibility, at the crossroads of regional systems and global exchanges. This article investigates the determinants of the formation of interregional scientific alliances through the in-depth case study of a federation of research laboratories in green chemistry in western France. Working from bibliometric and qualitative data and using a network analysis approach to evidence interurban network failures in this scientific field, we examine the federation’s geographical scope. We highlight the decisive role of (1) the spatial organization of the field (structure effect), (2) interpersonal ties between consortium members (network effect) and (3) national scientific guidelines and incentives (policy effect). We propose a novel mixed-method approach to understand interregional alliances and defend its potential to uncover the importance of interregional institutional arrangements in prompting interurban knowledge exchanges.
We miss you George Bailey: the effect of local banking conditions on the county-level timing of the Great Recession
Creators: name: Langford, W. Scott
name: Feldman, Maryann P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Community banks have a unique capacity to strengthen economic resilience by alleviating local firm credit constraints during economic downturns. We provide evidence that banking access and community bank market share affected both the county-level timing and duration of the Great Recession in the United States. Using the Cox Proportional Hazards and Heckman Selection models, we find that communities with a higher community bank market share are less likely to experience recession conditions, conditional on local bank health. This suggests community banks have unique institutional structures, allowing them to continue providing funds to firms through economic downturns. This research demonstrates that local financial institutions affect economic resilience, in particular the timing and duration of recession conditions.
Heterogeneity among migrants, education–occupation mismatch and returns to education
Creators: name: Bahl, Shweta
name: Sharma, Ajay
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Using nationally representative data for India, this paper examines the incidence of education–occupation mismatch (EOM) and returns to education and EOM for internal migrants while considering the heterogeneity among them. In particular, it considers heterogeneity arising because of the reason to migrate, demographic characteristics, spatial factors, migration experience and type of migration. The analysis reveals that there is variation in the incidence and returns to EOM depending on the reason to migrate, demographic characteristics and spatial factors. The study highlights the need of focusing on EOM to increase the productivity benefits of migration. It also provides the framework for minimizing migrants’ likelihood of being mismatched while maximizing their returns to education.
Pressure of a weakly magnetized hot and dense deconfined QCD matter in one-loop hard-thermal-loop perturbation theory
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Aritra
name: Karmakar, Bithika
name: Haque, Najmul
name: Mustafa, Munshi G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider our recently obtained general structure of two point (self-energy and propagator) functions of quarks and gluons in a nontrivial background like a heat bath and an external magnetic field. Based on this, here we have computed free energy and pressure of quarks and gluons for a magnetized hot and dense deconfined QCD matter in weak field approximation. For heat bath we have used hard thermal loop perturbation theory (HTLpt) in presence of finite chemical potential. For weak field approximations we have obtained the pressure of QCD matter, both with and without the high temperature expansion. The results with high $T$ expansions are completely analytic and gauge independent but depends on the renormalization scale in addition to the temperature, chemical potential and the external magnetic field. We also discuss the modification of QCD Debye mass of such matter for an arbitrary magnetic field. Analytic expressions for Debye mass are also obtained for both strong and weak field approximation. It is found to exhibit some interesting features depending upon the three different scales, i.e, the quark mass, temperature and the strength of the magnetic field. The various divergences appearing in the quark and gluon free energies are regulated through appropriate counter terms. In weak field approximation, the low temperature behavior of the pressure is found to strongly depend on the magnetic field than that at high temperature. We also discuss the specific problem with one-loop HTLpt associated with the over-counting of certain orders in coupling.
description: 65 pages, 8 figures; Published version
Rational ergodicity of Step function Skew Products
Creators: name: Aaronson, Jon.
name: Bromberg, Michael
name: Chandgotia, Nishant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A40, 11K38, 60F05

description: We study rational step function skew products over certain rotations of the circle proving ergodicity and bounded rational ergodicity when rotation number is a quadratic irrational. The latter arises from a consideration of the asymptotic temporal statistics of an orbit as modelled by an associated affine random walk.
description: Revised version after refereeing
Regional governments in the rural space: the effectiveness of dual-tier regional councils
Creators: name: Shani, Ron
name: Reingewertz, Yaniv
name: Vigoda-Gadot, Eran
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: The fiscal decentralization literature explores the efficient structure of local governments. However, little consideration has been given to the efficient structure of rural local governments. In this study we show that a dual-tier local government structure in rural areas is more efficient than the prevalent unitary structure. Specifically, we demonstrate that a regional council that incorporates many small villages is more efficient than when each village operates as an independent local government. We present a theoretical model and provide a simulation of the model using Israeli municipal data, which combines both unitary and dual-tier structures. The simulation uses the unitary small towns as the training set and the villages within regional councils as the test set. It thus calculates the cost structure of villages within regional councils based on the data of unitary small towns. The results indicate that most villages that are part of a regional council operate more efficiently than their simulated independent unitary counterparts. Based on the findings, we suggest an alternative lower level local government structure for rural communities that adds a mezzanine dual-tier structure.
What Vietnam’s localized lockdown policy showed: it did not work and was too late
Creators: name: Huynh, Luu Duc Toan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Vietnam was previously lauded as a model for fighting the COVID-19 pandemic and it imposed localized lockdowns to deal with the emergence of deadly new variants. Here, daily data from 63 Vietnamese provinces for the period January–July 2021 (i.e., before vaccinations became available) are collected, and a panel event study is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the localized lockdown policy. The number of infected cases is found to increase despite the lockdowns reducing visits to public areas. These results have implications for the lateness of the localized lockdowns and strictness of social distancing.
Ranking Based Locality Sensitive Hashing Enabled Cancelable Biometrics: Index-of-Max Hashing
Creators: name: Jin, Zhe
name: Lai, Yen-Lung
name: Hwang, Jung-Yeon
name: Kim, Soohyung
name: Teoh, Andrew Beng Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a ranking based locality sensitive hashing inspired two-factor cancelable biometrics, dubbed "Index-of-Max" (IoM) hashing for biometric template protection. With externally generated random parameters, IoM hashing transforms a real-valued biometric feature vector into discrete index (max ranked) hashed code. We demonstrate two realizations from IoM hashing notion, namely Gaussian Random Projection based and Uniformly Random Permutation based hashing schemes. The discrete indices representation nature of IoM hashed codes enjoy serveral merits. Firstly, IoM hashing empowers strong concealment to the biometric information. This contributes to the solid ground of non-invertibility guarantee. Secondly, IoM hashing is insensitive to the features magnitude, hence is more robust against biometric features variation. Thirdly, the magnitude-independence trait of IoM hashing makes the hash codes being scale-invariant, which is critical for matching and feature alignment. The experimental results demonstrate favorable accuracy performance on benchmark FVC2002 and FVC2004 fingerprint databases. The analyses justify its resilience to the existing and newly introduced security and privacy attacks as well as satisfy the revocability and unlinkability criteria of cancelable biometrics.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables