cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A study of the retention of quark quantum numbers in hadron jets
Creators: name: Hayward, Scott Kelly
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The retention of quantum numbers in hadron jets was studied, and a model was constructed to infer the quantum numbers of the leading quark and antiquark in the the reaction e⁺e⁻ → qoqo → hadrons, from the quantum numbers of the final state particles. The method used involved taking a weighted average of the quantum numbers of the hadrons in the jet, with the weight assigned to each particle dependent on its kinemat-ical variables. The model was tested using the Lund Monte Carlo JETSET 7.1 at 80 GeV. It was found that in two jet events, it was possible to determine the sign of the charge of the leading partons with SO percent accuracy overall, and with greater than 94 percent accuracy in 41 percent of the events (using cuts on the weighted average to select the events). In light quark events (dd, uu, and ss), it was found that the quark jet and its flavour could be determined with about 48 percent precision and heavy quark tagging of cc and bb could be achieved in 38 and 63 percent of events respectively. In 15 percent of the light quark events, selected by consistency between the two back to back jets, successful determination of the quark jet and its flavour were obtained in 85 percent of events, with heavy quark contamination reduced to 12 and 6 percent of cc and bb events respectively. The model was also run on three jet events at 80 GeV. Although it was possible to identify one jet as a non-gluon jet (in particular the jet which subtends the largest angle with the other two jets) in 90 percent of events, it was not possible to determine which of the two remaining jets was the gluon jet. The sign of the electric charge of the non-gluon jet could be determined in 70 percent of events overall, and in 90 percent of a smaller group of 20 percent of events again using cuts on the weighted charge for the jets. The flavour of the non-gluon jet could be determined in 42 percent of events overall, and in 65 percent of a smaller group of 18 percent of events using consistency between the non-gluon jet and the other two jets, although heavy quark contamination was more significant. Finally, the accuracy with which the sign of the electric charge and flavour could be determined in two jet events at energies in the range 20 to 100 GeV was studied. It was found that as the centre of mass energy increased, the precision with which these properties could be inferred showed a marked increase.
Decadal Variability & Trends with a focus on the North Atlantic Oscillation
Creators: name: Eade, Rosie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The winter of 1962/63 was the coldest in the UK in over a century while the mildest winter occurred in 1988/89. For countries to be resilient against the impacts of large weather variations in the future, it is important to understand the likelihood of seeing such extreme fluctuations in addition to future climate change. In Europe and North America, these fluctuations are related to a combination of year-to-year variability and low-frequency variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The NAO is now a significant source of predictability for seasonal forecasts in these regions, however the signal-to-noise ratio of the ensemble mean to total variability in these ensemble predictions has been shown to be anomalously small, which means the real world is more predictable than our climate models suggest. Here we provide a new evaluation of the ability of climate models to reproduce longer-term variability and extreme trends like those seen between the 1960s and 1990s, with a focus on the NAO. We also investigate relationships with other large scale changes such as the reduction in Arctic Sea Ice over recent decades.
Psychedelic Experiences During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From an International Online Survey
Creators: name: Evens, Ricarda
name: Reiche, Simon
name: Marek, Roman M.
name: Moon, Daa Un
name: Groß, Rosa Elisa
name: Romanello, Amy
name: Jalilzadeh Masah, Dario
name: Scicchitano Böckheler, Matteo
name: Gutwinski, Stefan
name: Montag, Christiane
name: Mick, Inge
name: Majić, Tomislav
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: corona
subject: pandemic (COVID-19)
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: drug use
subject: psychedelic
subject: experience
subject: survey
subject: setting
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Introduction: The current corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a serious global health crisis that has affected large parts of the public and private life worldwide, including the use of psychoactive substances. In this study, we investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of serotonergic psychedelics, i.e., the settings in which people use psychedelics, the motives of usage, and the subjective quality of psychedelic experiences. Methods: The study was part of an international, cross-sectional, internet-based survey (N = 5,049) available in five languages (English, German, Spanish, Italian, and Korean) carried out during the early phase of the pandemic from April to August 2020. Participants were asked to retrospectively rate settings and motives of psychedelic substance use before the pandemic and in the last 4 weeks during the pandemic, as well as changes in psychedelic experiences. Results: Of n = 1,375 participants that reported the use psychedelics in 2019 or 2020, n = 642 (46.6%) also took psychedelics during the pandemic. During the pandemic, participants used psychedelics significantly less often in settings that were outside their home. Top motives to use psychedelics were comparable before and during the pandemic, but participants consumed less out of curiosity, to celebrate, or because friends took it, and more out of boredom. An increase in positively connoted, often pro-social experiences was observed. Two thirds of participants who used psychedelics during the pandemic claimed that psychedelics had helped them to deal better with the corona pandemic at least slightly. Discussion: Changes in setting and motives were mostly in line with restrictions caused by control measures to contain the spread of the virus. The unexpected increase in positively connoted experiences possibly reflects a favorable interaction of environmental macro- and individual micro-contexts during the pandemic (e.g., by reducing the use in more uncontrolled recreational settings or by encouraging a strong self-selection of substance users due to the expectation of "bad trips"). Increased pro-social feelings under psychedelics might reflect a desire for social interactions in times of social distancing and pandemic-related stress and anxiety.
Quantum Effects in Cold and Controlled Molecular Dynamics
Creators: name: Koch, Christiane P.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: cold collisions
subject: Fano-Feshbach resonances
subject: molecular beams
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: This chapter discusses three examples of quantum effects that can be observed in state-of-the-art experiments with molecular beams—scattering resonances as a probe of interparticle interactions in cold collisions, the protection of Fano-Feshbach resonances against decay despite resonant coupling to a scattering continuum, and a circular dichroism in photoelectron angular distributions arising in the photoionization of randomly oriented chiral molecules. The molecular beam setup provides molecules in well-defined quantum states. This, together with a theoretical description based on first principles, allows for excellent agreement between theoretical prediction and experimental observation and thus a rigorous understanding of the observed quantum effects.
Statistics of intersecting D-brane models on T^6/Z_6
Creators: name: Gmeiner, Florian
name: Lust, Dieter
name: Stein, Maren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a statistical analysis of supersymmetric intersecting D-brane models on the type II orientifold T^6/Z_6. After providing an analytic proof of the finiteness of the number of possible solutions in this setup we study the frequency distributions of properties of the gauge group and the chiral matter content. In particular we search for models with a standard model gauge group and discuss their statistical suppression. The results are compared with the recent studies on T^6/Z_2xZ_2. The analysis is conducted using a statistical method, based on the choice of random subsets of the full ensemble of solutions. This method allows to calculate the total number of models with high precision to 3x10^28.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures; v2: typos corrected; v3: comments added, section 6 expanded
Public Attitudes Toward Psychiatric Hospitals: A Rural-Urban Comparative Public Survey in Odisha State, India
Creators: name: Jena, Sunita
name: Zieger, Aron
name: Böge, Kerem
name: Salunkhe, Gayatri
name: Schomerus, Georg
name: Patel, Kripalini
name: Padhi, Bijaya Kumar
name: Ta, Thi Minh Tam
name: Mungee, Aditya
name: Hahn, Eric
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: mental health stigma
subject: psychiatric hospitals
subject: Odisha
subject: India
subject: South Asia
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Integration of psychiatric care with public health services and offering mental health care services to patients from lower socioeconomic status remains a global challenge. Scarcity of funds and professional workforce in psychiatric hospitals contribute to this situation. However, negative attitudes in the population are also a known impediment to patients seeking mental health services. This study aimed to assess the attitudes toward psychiatric hospitals among the urban and rural population in India. Subjects and Methods: The study was carried out amongst the general population in Odisha, India. The total sample (n = 988) includes 496 respondents from an urban-setting, and 492 respondents from rural parts of the district. Participants were selected by using simple random-sampling from the Asian Institute of Public Health (AIPH) data base. A standardized seven-item questionnaire was adopted, with responses indicated on a 5-point Likert-scale. Interviews were fully structured and conducted face-to-face. Results: Level of education (B = -0.192, ss = -0.320, p < 0.000) and urban-rural comparison (B = -0.272, ss = -0.189, p < 0.000) significantly influenced attitudes toward psychiatric hospitals. Gender, age, and religious beliefs did not show any significant effect on attitudes toward psychiatric hospitals. Individuals in rural areas and those with lower education levels showed more negative attitudes toward psychiatric hospitals. Conclusion: Negative attitudes toward psychiatric hospitals from those living in rural areas as well as those with lesser education may be reflective of the lack of availability, accessibility, affordability, and credibility of such mental health services. The Mental Health Care Act in India is a progressive legislation which might improve the situation of the provided services and, consequently, reduce negative attitudes in the years to come.
Virial coefficients and demixing of athermal nonadditive mixtures
Creators: name: Pellicane, G.
name: Saija, F.
name: Caccamo, C.
name: Giaquinta, P. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the fourth virial coefficient of a binary nonadditive hard-sphere mixture over a wide range of deviations from diameter additivity and size ratios. Hinging on this knowledge, we build up a $y$ expansion [B. Barboy and W. N. Gelbart, J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 71}, 3053 (1979)] in order to trace the fluid-fluid coexistence lines which we then compare with the available Gibbs-ensemble Monte Carlo data and with the estimates obtained through two refined integral-equation theories of the fluid state. We find that in a regime of moderately negative nonadditivity and largely asymmetric diameters, relevant to the modelling of sterically and electrostatically stabilized colloidal mixtures, the fluid-fluid critical point is unstable with respect to crystallization.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Chem. B
title: „Wir sind keine Chilenen, wir sind Mapuche“
title: Die Mapuche im Spannungsfeld zwischen Staat, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, 1973–1997
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Höhl, Johanna
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Historamericana
subject: Chile
subject: Mapuche
subject: Konflikt
subject: indigene Bevölkerung
subject: Fremdwahrnehmung
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::980 Geschichte Südamerikas::980 Geschichte Südamerikas

description: Die Begriffe conflicto mapuche oder problema mapuche sind in Chile seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre weit verbreitet. Medien, Politik, Unternehmer aber auch Mapuche-Organisationen verwenden diese Termini, um sich auf die Konflikte zwischen den Mapuche und dem chilenischen Staat zu beziehen. Doch gibt es überhaupt einen solchen Konflikt? Diese Arbeit analysiert die Entwicklungen der Positionen und Identitäten der genannten Akteure zwischen 1973 und 1997. Sie stellt heraus, dass die Konstruktion der Konfliktgruppen eng an die ethnischen Konstruktionsprozesse der Mapuche, aber auch die damit verbundenen Fremdwahrnehmungen geknüpft ist. Hieraus ergeben sich oftmals Differenzen, die zu Auseinandersetzungen geführt haben. Die Beziehungen zwischen den Akteuren haben sich nicht nur durch Spannungen, sondern auch durch Kooperationen ausgezeichnet.
title: Experimental study on surface roughness and residual stress development in loose-abrasive polishing of hardened tool steel
Creators: name: Ruehl, Holger
name: Li, Yuxuan
name: Guenther, Thomas
name: Breidenstein, Bernd
name: Zimmermann, André
Publisher: name: Universität Stuttgart
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 670

description: The repeatability and control of the achievable surface integrity in manual loose-abrasive diamond polishing of workpieces is very limited. In this study, first effects of polishing on the surface roughness and on induced near-surface residual stress of hardened tool steel X37CrMoV5-1 using an automatic metallographic grinder polisher have been investigated. The results show different effects of polishing parameters such as grain size, platen speed and forces applied to the workpiece on roughness and residual stress. XRD measurements of the residual stress depth profile showed a reduction in compressive stress which could be explained by the material removal mechanism and direction.
Decadal Variability & Trends with a focus on the North Atlantic Oscillation
Creators: name: Eade, Rosie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The winter of 1962/63 was the coldest in the UK in over a century while the mildest winter occurred in 1988/89. For countries to be resilient against the impacts of large weather variations in the future, it is important to understand the likelihood of seeing such extreme fluctuations in addition to future climate change. In Europe and North America, these fluctuations are related to a combination of year-to-year variability and low-frequency variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The NAO is now a significant source of predictability for seasonal forecasts in these regions, however the signal-to-noise ratio of the ensemble mean to total variability in these ensemble predictions has been shown to be anomalously small, which means the real world is more predictable than our climate models suggest. Here we provide a new evaluation of the ability of climate models to reproduce longer-term variability and extreme trends like those seen between the 1960s and 1990s, with a focus on the NAO. We also investigate relationships with other large scale changes such as the reduction in Arctic Sea Ice over recent decades. (PAMIP section: Research funded as part of APPLICATE project, Grant number 727862)
Ixodes werneri Kohls 1950
Creators: name: Petney, Trevor N.
name: Boulanger, Nathalie
name: Saijuntha, Weerachai
name: Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia
name: Pfeffer, Martin
name: Eamudomkarn, Chatanun
name: Andrews, Ross H.
name: Ahamad, Mariana
name: Putthasorn, Noppadon
name: Muders, Senta V.
name: Petney, David A.
name: Robbins, Richard G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Ixodida
Ixodidae
Ixodes
Ixodes werneri

description: Ixodes werneri Kohls, 1950
 Ixodes werneri is an Oriental Region species first described from the Philippines but now recorded from Pahang State in peninsular Malaysia (Kohls 1950, 1957; Keirans et al. 1970) and from Vietnam (Kolonin 2003). Few collections of this species have been made. Rodents are known hosts for all life history stages, and tree shrews (Tupaiidae) for immatures (Keirans et al. 1970; Kolonin 2003, 2009). It occurs in rainforest habitats (Guglielmone et al. 2014).
 The female is described in Kohls (1950), the male and immatures in Keirans et al. (1970).
description: Published as part of Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A. & Robbins, Richard G., 2019, Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia, pp. 1-89 in Zootaxa 4558 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2613120
On Secular Resonances of Small Bodies in the Planetary Systems
Creators: name: Jianghui, Ji
name: Lin, Liu
name: Guangyu, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the secular resonances for massless small bodies and Earth-like planets in several planetary systems. We further compare the results with those of Solar System. For example, in the GJ 876 planetary system, we show that the secular resonances $ν_1$ and $ν_2$ (respectively, resulting from the inner and outer giant planets) can excite the eccentricities of the Earth-like planets with orbits 0.21 AU $\leq a
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted to IAU236. Proceeding of IAU 236: Near Earth Objects, Our Celestial Neighbors: Opportunity and Risk, in press
title: A vibration-based test technique to evaluate the high-cycle fatigue life of thermal interface layers used in the electronic industry
Creators: name: Fezai, Alaa
name: Sharma, Anuj
name: Müller-Hirsch, Wolfgang
name: Zimmermann, André
Publisher: name: Universität Stuttgart
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 620

description: A testing method is developed to evaluate the acceleration- and strain-based fatigue life of a thermal interface layer in the high-cycle fatigue regime. The methodology adopts vibration-based fatigue testing, where adhesively bonded beams are excited at their resonant frequency under variable amplitude loading using an electrodynamic shaker. Fatigue failure is monitored through shifts in modal frequency and modal damping. Key findings include the identification of a 4% frequency shift as the failure criterion, corresponding to macro-delamination. The thickness of the thermal interface material influences acceleration-based fatigue life, decreasing by a factor of 0.2 when reduced from 0.3 mm to 0.15 mm and increasing by 5.5 when increased to 0.5 mm. Surface quality has a significant impact on both acceleration-based and strain-based fatigue curves. Beams from chemically etched aluminum–magnesium alloy specimens exhibit a sevenfold increase in fatigue life compared to beams from untreated printed circuit boards. Strain-based fatigue life increases with temperature, with a 0.2 reduction at -40°C and an eightfold increase at 100°C relative to 23°C. The first principal strain 𝜀1,rms is validated as a reliable local damage parameter, effectively characterizing fatigue behavior across varying TIM thicknesses.
Volumetric Prefrontal Cortex Alterations in Patients With Alcohol Dependence and the Involvement of Self‐Control
Creators: name: Rosenthal, Annika
name: Beck, Anne
name: Zois, Evangelos
name: Vollstädt‐Klein, Sabine
name: Walter, Henrik
name: Kiefer, Falk
name: Lohoff, Falk W.
name: Charlet, Katrin
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Alcohol
subject: Voxel-Based Morphometry
subject: Sensation Seeking
subject: Impulsivity
subject: Prefrontal Cortex
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Aspects of self-control such as sensation seeking and impaired impulse control have been implicated in alcohol dependence (ALC). Conversely, sensation seeking has been ascribed a possible protective role in stress-related psychopathologies. We therefore examined gray matter (GM) morphology in individuals with ALC, focusing on differences in prefrontal regions that have been associated with self-control. Additionally, we accounted for differences in lifetime alcohol intake regarding self-control measures and cortical structures in ALC patients. Methods: With voxel-based morphometry (VBM) focusing on prefrontal a priori defined regions of interest, we assessed a group of 62 detoxified ALC patients and 62 healthy controls (HC). ALC patients were subsequently divided into high (n = 9) and low consumers (n = 53). Self-control was assessed by use of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the Sensation Seeking Scale. Results: Compared to HC, ALC had significantly less GM volume in bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and right medial prefrontal cortex as well as in the right anterior cingulate. High-consuming ALC showed smaller GM in right orbitofrontal cortex as well as lower sensation seeking scores than low consumers. In low-consuming ALC, right MFG-GM was positively associated with magnitude of sensation seeking; particularly, larger MFG-GM correlated with greater thrill and adventure seeking. Conclusion: Thus, our findings (i) indicate deficient GM volume in prefrontal areas related to self-control and (ii) might accentuate the phenotypic divergence of ALC patients and emphasize the importance of the development of individual treatment options.
Dissociation and Brain Rhythms: Pitfalls and Promises
Creators: name: Grent-'T-Jong, Tineke
name: Melloni, Lucia
name: Uhlhaas, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: dissociation
subject: ketamine
subject: neural oscillations
subject: optogenetics
subject: animal models
subject: translational neuroscience
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Recently, Vesuna et al. proposed a novel circuit mechanism underlying dissociative states using optogenetics and pharmacology in mice in combination with intracranial recordings and electrical stimulation in an epilepsy patient. Specifically, the authors identified a posteromedial cortical delta-rhythm that underlies states of dissociation. In the following, we would like to critically review these findings in the context of the human literature on dissociation as well as highlight the challenges in translational neuroscience to link complex behavioral phenotypes in psychiatric syndromes to circumscribed circuit mechanisms.
Photogalvanic probing of helical edge channels in two-dimensional HgTe topological insulators
Creators: name: Dantscher, Kathrin-Maria
name: Kozlov, D. A.
name: Scherr, M.-T.
name: Gebert, Sebastian
name: Bärenfänger, Jan
name: Durnev, M. V.
name: Tarasenko, Sergey
name: Belkov, Vassilij
name: Mikhailov, N. N.
name: Dvoretsky, S. A.
name: Kvon, Z. D.
name: Ziegler, Johannes
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Ganichev, Sergey
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: QUANTUM-WELLS; CURRENTS; STATE;
subject: 530 Physik

description: We report on the observation of a circular photogalvanic current excited by terahertz laser radiation in helical edge channels of two-dimensional (2D) HgTe topological insulators (TIs). The direction of the photocurrent reverses by switching the radiation polarization from a right-handed to a left-handed one and, for fixed photon helicity, is opposite for the opposite edges. The photocurrent is detected in a wide range of gate voltages. With decreasing the Fermi level below the conduction band bottom, the current emerges, reaches a maximum, decreases, changes its sign close to the charge neutrality point (CNP), and again rises. Conductance measured over a approximate to 3 mu m distance at CNP approaches 2e(2)/ h, the value characteristic for ballistic transport in 2D TIs. The data reveal that the photocurrent is caused by photoionization of helical edge electrons to the conduction band. We discuss the microscopic model of this phenomenon and compare calculations with experimental data.
Radon Transform in three dimensional image reconstruction from projections
Creators: name: Stazyk, Michael Walter
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis presents an algorithm for image reconstruction from projections intended for use in a new class of volume imaging PET scanners. The algorithm is based on the inversion of the three dimensional Radon Transform as it applies to the truncated cylindrical detector geometry and is derived from the X-ray Transform inversion given by the Orlov recovery operator. The algorithm is tested using Monte Carlo simulations of several phantom geometries and employs a single iterative step to include all detected events in the reconstruction. The reconstructed images are good representations of the original objects, however the iterative step is a source of some significant artefacts in the images. Also discussed is the extension of the Radon Transform technique to a non-iterative method for three dimensional image reconstruction using all detected events.
Fabrication of Nano-Gapped Single-Electron Transistors for Transport Studies of Individual Single-Molecule Magnets
Creators: name: Henderson, J. J.
name: Ramsey, C. M.
name: del Barco, E.
name: Mishra, A.
name: Christou, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three terminal single-electron transistor devices utilizing Al/Al2O3 gate electrodes were developed for the study of electron transport through individual single-molecule magnets. The devices were patterned via multiple layers of optical and electron beam lithography. Electromigration induced breaking of the nanowires reliably produces 1-3 nm gaps between which the SMM can be situated. Conductance through a single Mn12(3-thiophenecarboxylate) displays the coulomb blockade effect with several excitations within +/- 40 meV.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Η κατοικία και η κατοίκηση των εσωτερικών μεταναστών στις παρυφές του Π.Σ. Θεσσαλονίκης τη δεκαετία του '80:
Creators: name: Κουκόπουλος, Σταμάτιος Μ.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2010
Subjects: Κατοικία
Κατοίκηση
Ποσοτικοποίηση ποιοτικών δεικτών-εκτιμησεων στην κατοικία
Αστικοποίηση
Measuring housing quality
Low income individual housing of internal migrants
Appraisal and evaluation of housing
Urbanization

description: Σε περιοχές εγκατάστασης εσωτερικών μεταναστών τη δεκαετία του ’80 (δυτικές συνοικίες του Πολεοδομικού Συγκροτήματος της Θεσσαλονίκης) επιλέγονται με στατιστικά έγκυρο τρόπο (επιλογή στατιστικά τυχαίου δείγματος) κατοικίες εσωτερικών μεταναστών. Καταγράφονται δημογραφικά, επαγγελματικά και γεωγραφικά (προέλευση και ενδιάμεσες εγκαταστάσεις) χαρακτηριστικά των οικιστών. Οι κατοικίες τους, στη συντριπτική πλειονότητα, είναι κτισμένες αυθαίρετα και σε μικρό ποσοστό σε ανέκαθεν εντός σχεδίου περιοχές. Καταγράφονται όλα τα συστατικά στοιχεία της κατοίκησης τους, τα οποία ανάγονται σε δείκτες κατοίκησης, μέσω ποσοτικοποίησης ποιοτικών εκτιμήσεων για την φυσική τους κατάσταση. Οι δείκτες αυτοί περιγράφουν το επίπεδο κατοίκησης των οικιστών και συγκρίνονται μεταξύ τους για να πιστοποιήσουν διαφορές, που αποδίδονται και ανάγονται στα χαρακτηριστικά των οικιστών. Οι διαφορές που προκύπτουν αποδεικνύουν το βαθμό ένταξης (αστικοποίησης) των νέων οικιστών (εσωτερικών μεταναστών) στο νέο (αστικό) περιβάλλον της τελικής τους εγκατάστασης.
description: In areas of internal migrants in the 80s (western districts of the city of Thessaloniki) are selected statistically valid manner (select statistically random sample) dwellings mainland. Recorded demographic, occupational and geographic (source and intermediate facilities) characteristics of settlers. Their homes, the vast majority are built arbitrarily small in proportion to always within the project areas. Record all the components of their habitation, which are reduced to indices habitation by quantifying qualitative assessments of their physical condition. These indicators describe the level of occupation of the settlers and compared with each other to demonstrate differences, which are attributed to the characteristics of standardized settlers. Disputes arising demonstrate the degree of integration (urbanization) of new settlers (internal migrants) to the new (urban) environment of the final installation.
What can we learn about age-related macular degeneration from other retinal diseases?
Creators: name: Zack, D. J.
name: Dean, M.
name: Molday, R. S.
name: Nathans, J.
name: Redmont, T. M.
name: Stone, E. M.
name: Swaroop, A.
name: Valle, D.
name: Weber, Bernhard H. F.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is increasingly recognized as a complex genetic disorder in which one or more genes contribute to an individual's susceptibility for developing the condition. Twin and family studies as well as population-based genetic epidemiologic methods have convincingly demonstrated the importance of genetics in AMD, though the extent of heritability, the number of genes involved, and the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of the condition remain unresolved. The extent to which other hereditary macular dystrophies such as Stargardts disease, familial radial drusen (malattia leventinese), Best's disease, and peripherin/RDS-related dystrophy are related to AMD remains unclear. Alzheimer's disease, another late onset, heterogeneous degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, offers a valuable model for identifying the issues that confront AMD genetics.
A von Hamos spectrometer based on highly annealed pyrolytic graphite crystal in tender x-ray domain
Creators: name: Ismail, Iyas
name: Journel, Loïc
name: Vacheresse, Régis
name: Travnikova, Oksana
name: Marin, Thierry
name: Céolin, Denis
name: Guillemin, Renaud
name: Marchenko, Tatiana
name: Zmerli, Moustafa
name: Koulentianos, Dimitris
name: Püttner, Ralph
name: Palaudoux, Jérôme
name: Penent, Francis
name: Simon, Marc
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Carbon based materials
subject: Crystal orientation
subject: Microchannel plate detectors
subject: Synchrotron radiation
subject: Crystal optics
subject: Free electron lasers
subject: X-ray fluorescence
subject: Hard X-rays
subject: Spectroscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: We have built an x-ray spectrometer in a von Hamos configuration based on a highly annealed pyrolytic graphite crystal. The spectrometer is designed to measure x-ray emission in the range of 2–5 keV. A spectral resolution E/ΔE of 4000 was achieved by recording the elastic peak of photons issued from the GALAXIES beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility.
Laser-driven shock waves in quartz
Creators: name: Waterman, Alfred James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The formation and propagation of laser-driven shock waves has been observed by optical shadowgraphy in fused quartz, α-quartz and sodium chloride. Target materials were irradiated with a 0.53 µm , ~ 2.5 ns FWHM laser pulse at intensities ranging between 0.2 — 2 x 10¹³ W/cm², producing peak pressures varying from 0.3 — 3 Mbar at the shock front. Observations in both varieties of quartz reveal transient, high-speed shock propagation followed by deceleration towards a steady asymptotic shock speed. Similar high-speed transients were not seen in sodium chloride. The results in quartz were found to be in significant disagreement with both one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic calculations based on equilibrium equations of state. The non-steady shock propagation is interpreted as being due to a relaxation process in the phase transformation of quartz into the high-pressure stishovite phase which occurs at the shock front. The effects of such a relaxation process on the shock dynamics and shock compression process are considered for the case of a direct relaxation from quartz into stishovite, as well as for an indirect relaxation process in which the -transformation of quartz into stishovite is preceded by shock-induced amorphization of the quartz. It is shown that either scenario would result in higher shock speeds and less compressible shock states than those obtained under equilibrium conditions.
On the unitary subgroup of modular group algebras
Creators: name: Bovdi, Victor
name: Rozgonyi, Tibor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16U60; 20C05; 16S34

description: It this note we investigate the structure of the group of σ-unitary units in some noncommutative modular group algebras KG, where σis a non-classical ring involution of KG.
description: 5 pages
The role of spin-lattice coupling for ultrafast changes of the magnetic order in rare earth metals
Creators: name: Andres, Beatrice
name: Lee, Sang Eun
name: Weinelt, Martin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Magnons
subject: Femtosecond lasers
subject: Spintronics
subject: Surface states
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: By comparing femtosecond laser-pulse-induced spin dynamics in the surface state of the rare earth metals Gd and Tb, we show that the spin polarization of valence states in both materials decays with significantly different time constants of 15 ps and 400 fs, respectively. The distinct spin polarization dynamics in Gd and Tb are opposed by similar exchange splitting dynamics in the two materials. The different time scales observed in our experiment can be attributed to weak and strong 4f spin to lattice coupling in Gd and Tb, suggesting an intimate coupling of spin polarization and 4f magnetic moment. While in Gd the lattice mainly acts as a heat sink, it contributes significantly to ultrafast demagnetization of Tb. This helps explain why all optical switching is observed in FeGd—but rarely in FeTb-based compounds.
Βαρυτική ακτινοβολία από συστήματα αστέρων:
Creators: name: Κωνσταντινίδης, Συμεών Θ.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2010
Subjects: Βαρυτική ακτινοβολία
Αστρικά σμήνη
Προσομοιώσεις
Gravitational radiation
Star clusters
Simulations

description: Μια σημαντική συνεισφορά της εργασίας είναι η εξ'αρχής δημιουργία ενός νέου κώδικα που μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για προσομοιώσεις N-σωμάτων. Ο κώδικας αυτός που ονο-μάζεται Myriad, γράφτηκε εξ' ολοκλήρου από εμάς κατά τη διάκρεια εκπόνησης της διατριβής και είναι ικανός, με τη διαθέσιμη υπολογιστική ισχύ, να προσομοιώσει μοντέλα αστρικών σμηνών που διαθέτουν μερικές δεκάδες χιλιάδες αστέρες. Η αναμενόμενη αύξηση της υπολογιστικής ισχύος στο εγγύς μέλλον, αναμένεται να αυξήσει αρκετά τον αριθμό αστέ-ρων ενός σμήνους που μπορεί να προσομοιωθεί. Ο κώδικάς μας είναι ελεύθερα διαθέσιμος για οποιονδήποτε θέλει να τον χρησιμοποιήσει, ενώ γράφουμε ήδη ένα εγχειρίδιο χρήσης γι' αυτόν. Ο πηγαίος κώδικας μαζί με τα συνοδευτικά προγράμματα που τον ακολουθούν μπορεί να βρεθεί στην ιστοσελίδα http://www.astro.auth.gr/~simos/Downloads/Myriad.tgz
description: In this thesis we study the dynamics of realistic young star clusters focusing on the events that lead to the emission of gravitational radiation. This radiation could be detectable by earth-based detectors, such as LIGO and VIRGO, or by the planned space-based detector LISA. For this research we have developed a new N-body code, called Myriad, which is capable of simulating models of star clusters that contain tens of thousands of stars. The code itself is one of the main products of this study, while the others are the astrophysical results we managed to have by using Myriad for astrophysical simulations.
Biomarkers and predicting acute kidney injury
Creators: name: Luft, Friedrich C.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: acute kidney injury
subject: artificial intelligence
subject: biomarkers
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Aim: How can we convert biomarkers into reliable, validated laboratory tests? Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimators exist for more than a century. The first utilitarian biomarkers were endogenously produced urea and creatinine. Clinicians then developed simple tests to determine whether or not renal tubular function was maintained. Are there faster and better tests that reflect decreased renal function and increased acute kidney injury (AKI) risk? Methods: We inspect earlier, and recently propagated biomarkers. Cystatin C reflects GFR and is not confounded by muscle mass. Direct GFR and plasma volume can now be measured acutely within 3 hours. Better yet would be tests that give information before GFR decreases and prior to urea, creatinine, and cystatin C increases. Prospective tests identifying those persons likely to develop AKI would be helpful. Even more utilitarian would be a test that also suggests a therapeutic avenue. Results: A number of highly provocative biomarkers have recently been proposed. Moreover the application of big data from huge electronic medical records promise new directions in identifying and dealing with AKI. Conclusions: Pipedreams are in the pipeline; the novel findings require immediate testing, verification, and perhaps application. Future research promises to make such dreams come true.
State Amplification
Creators: name: Kim, Young-Han
name: Sutivong, Arak
name: Cover, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of transmitting data at rate R over a state dependent channel p(y|x,s) with the state information available at the sender and at the same time conveying the information about the channel state itself to the receiver. The amount of state information that can be learned at the receiver is captured by the mutual information I(S^n; Y^n) between the state sequence S^n and the channel output Y^n. The optimal tradeoff is characterized between the information transmission rate R and the state uncertainty reduction rate Δ, when the state information is either causally or noncausally available at the sender. This result is closely related and in a sense dual to a recent study by Merhav and Shamai, which solves the problem of masking the state information from the receiver rather than conveying it.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, submitted to IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, revised
Impact of Long‐Term Alcohol Consumption and Relapse on Genome‐Wide DNA Methylation Changes in Alcohol‐Dependent Subjects: A Longitudinal Study
Creators: name: Friedel, Eva
name: Walter, Henrik
name: Veer, Ilya M.
name: Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
name: Heinz, Andreas
name: Frieling, Helge
name: Zindler, Tristan
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: DNA Methylation
subject: Alcohol Use Disorder
subject: Longitudinal Design
subject: Relapse
subject: Epigenetics
subject: Alcohol Consumption
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Genetic factors play an important role in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Significant and widespread differences in methylation levels of multiple regions within the genome have been reported between AUD patients and healthy controls in large epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs). Also, within patient populations, methylation changes over time (both during and after withdrawal) have been identified as sensitive indicators for disease activity. The detection of changes in methylation levels is a powerful tool to further explore and understand the biological correlates and underpinnings of AUD. Although there is strong and convincing evidence for differences in methylation of various sites between AUD patients and controls, only few studies assessed changes within patients over longer periods of time while taking into account alcohol consumption, relapse, and abstinence. So far, the longest period assessed as a within-subject design using EWASs was 4 weeks. Methods: Here, we investigated changes in whole-genome methylation levels within a sample of 69 detoxified AUD patients over a period as long as 12 months for the first time, comparing patients that relapsed within the follow-up period to those that remained abstinent. Results: Whole-genome methylation patterns of individual CpG sites over time did not differ between abstinent and relapsing patients. However, there was a negative association between global mean methylation at the 12-month follow-up and alcohol consumption within our sample. Conclusion: Although the present study represents the largest study of methylation levels in a sample of AUD patients with a follow-up period of 1 year and accounting for alcohol consumption and relapse to date, the sample size might still not be large enough to detect genome-wide significant effects. Therefore, large-scale, long-term studies with AUD subjects are needed to determine the utility of DNA methylation for the assessment and monitoring of persons with alcohol use disorders.
Monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor regression by induction of apoptosis
Creators: name: Trauth, B. C.
name: Klas, C.
name: Peters, A. M.
name: Matzku, S.
name: Möller, P.
name: Falk, Werner
name: Debatin, K. M.
name: Krammer, P. H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Animals
subject: Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
subject: Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
subject: Autoradiography
subject: B-Lymphocytes/immunology
subject: Burkitt Lymphoma/therapy
subject: Cell Survival
subject: Cells, Cultured
subject: Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
subject: Humans
subject: Leukemia, B-Cell/therapy
subject: Mice
subject: Mice, Nude
subject: Precipitin Tests
subject: Remission Induction
subject: T-Lymphocytes/immunology
subject: Tumor Cells, Cultured

description: To characterize cell surface molecules involved in control of growth of malignant lymphocytes, monoclonal antibodies were raised against the human B lymphoblast cell line SKW6.4. One monoclonal antibody, anti-APO-1, reacted with a 52-kilodalton antigen (APO-1) on a set of activated human lymphocytes, on malignant human lymphocyte lines, and on some patient-derived leukemic cells. Nanogram quantities of anti-APO-1 completely blocked proliferation of cells bearing APO-1 in vitro in a manner characteristic of a process called programmed cell death or apoptosis. Cell death was preceded by changes in cell morphology and fragmentation of DNA. This process was distinct from antibody- and complement-dependent cell lysis and was mediated by the antibody alone. A single intravenous injection of anti-APO-1 into nu/nu mice carrying a xenotransplant of a human B cell tumor induced regression of this tumor within a few days. Histological thin sections of the regressing tumor showed that anti-APO-1 was able to induce apoptosis in vivo. Thus, induction of apoptosis as a consequence of a signal mediated through cell surface molecules like APO-1 may be a useful therapeutic approach in treatment of malignancy.
EuroGuiDerm Guideline on the systemic treatment of Psoriasis vulgaris – Part 1: treatment and monitoring recommendations
Creators: name: Nast, Alexander
name: Smith, C.
name: Spuls, P. I.
name: Avila Valle, G.
name: Bata‐Csörgö, Z.
name: Boonen, H.
name: De Jong, E.
name: Garcia‐Doval, I.
name: Gisondi, P.
name: Kaur‐Knudsen, D.
name: Mahil, S.
name: Mälkönen, T.
name: Maul, J. T.
name: Mburu, S.
name: Mrowietz, U.
name: Reich, K.
name: Remenyik, E.
name: Rønholt, K. M.
name: Sator, P. G.
name: Schmitt‐Egenolf, M.
name: Sikora, M.
name: Strömer, K.
name: Sundnes, O.
name: Trigos, D.
name: Van Der Kraaij, G.
name: Yawalkar, N.
name: Dressler, Corinna
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adalimumab
subject: Etanercept
subject: Psoriasis
subject: Severity of Illness Index
subject: Ustekinumab
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: This evidence- and consensus-based guideline on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris was developed following the EuroGuiDerm Guideline and Consensus Statement Development Manual. The first part of the guideline includes general information on the scope and purpose, health questions covered, target users and strength/limitations of the guideline. Suggestions for disease severity grading and treatment goals are provided. It presents the general treatment recommendations as well as detailed management and monitoring recommendations for the individual drugs. The treatment options discussed in this guideline are as follows: acitretin, ciclosporin, fumarates, methotrexate, adalimumab, apremilast, brodalumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, guselkumab, infliximab, ixekizumab, risankizumab, secukinumab, tildrakizumab and ustekinumab.
Lack of interleukin-2 (IL-2) dependent growth of TAC positive T-ALL/NHL cells is due to the expression of only low affinity receptors for IL-2
Creators: name: Debatin, K. M.
name: Woodroofe, C.
name: Lahm, H.
name: Fischer, J.
name: Falk, Werner
name: Brandeis, W. E.
name: Krammer, P. H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adolescent
subject: Child
subject: Child, Preschool
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Interleukin-2/physiology
subject: Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
subject: Lymphocyte Activation
subject: Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
subject: Male
subject: Phenotype
subject: Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis

description: Binding of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to high affinity receptors on activated normal T cells was shown to be the essential step in induction of proliferation of such cells. The finding of abundant IL-2 receptors on malignant T cells in adult T cell leukemia suggested a deregulation of the IL-2/IL-2 receptor system and was assumed to account for aberrant growth in malignant disorders of T cells. In this study we use malignant T cells from nine patients with the clinical diagnosis of T-ALL or T-NHL and did not detect IL-2 dependent growth under conditions in which normal T cells responded to IL-2. IL-2 receptors comparable in numbers to activated T cells were found on T-ALL/T-NHL cells stimulated with PHA and PMA. However, binding studies using radiolabeled IL-2 indicated that the receptors present on malignant T cells were not able to bind to IL-2 with high affinity. Therefore, if IL-2 is involved in the proliferation of malignant T cells, its mechanism of growth regulation may be different from the one for normal T cells. Alternatively, IL-2 may not play a role in the regulation of growth of malignant T cells in vitro.