cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Revaluation of Mbelek and Lachièze-Rey scalar tensor theory of gravitation to explain the measured forces in asymmetric resonant cavities
Creators: name: Minotti, F. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scalar-tensor theory of gravitation proposed by Mbelek and Lachièze-Rey has been shown to lead to a possible explanation of the forces measured in asymmetric resonant microwave cavities. However, in the derivation of the equations from the action principle some inconsistencies were observed, like the need no to vary the electromagnetic invariant in a scalar source term. Also, the forces obtained were too high, in view of reconsideration of the experiments originally reported and of newly published results. In the present work the equations are re-derived using the full variation of the action, and also the constant of the theory re-evaluated employing the condition that no anomalous gravitational effects are produced by the earth's magnetic field. It is shown that the equations originally employed were correct, and that the newly evaluated constant gives the correct magnitude for the forces recently reported
description: 10 pages, no figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1310.5029
Transferability and reproducibility of exposed air-liquid interface co-culture lung models
Creators: name: Braakhuis, Hedwig M.
name: Gremmer, Eric R.
name: Bannuscher, Anne
name: Drasler, Barbara
name: Keshavan, Sandeep
name: Rothen-Rutishauser, Barbara
name: Birk, Barbara
name: Verlohner, Andreas
name: Landsiedel, Robert
name: Meldrum, Kirsty
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Inter-laboratory comparison
subject: Lung model
subject: Air exposure
subject: Air-liquid interface
subject: Nanomaterial
subject: Toxicity
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Background The establishment of reliable and robust in vitro models for hazard assessment, a prerequisite for moving away from animal testing, requires the evaluation of model transferability and reproducibility. Lung models that can be exposed via the air, by means of an air-liquid interface (ALI) are promising in vitro models for evaluating the safety of nanomaterials (NMs) after inhalation exposure. We performed an inter-laboratory comparison study to evaluate the transferability and reproducibility of a lung model consisting of the human bronchial cell line Calu-3 as a monoculture and, to increase the physiologic relevance of the model, also as a co-culture with macrophages (either derived from the THP-1 monocyte cell line or from human blood monocytes). The lung model was exposed to NMs using the VITROCELL® Cloud12 system at physiologically relevant dose levels. Results Overall, the results of the 7 participating laboratories are quite similar. After exposing Calu-3 alone and Calu-3 co-cultures with macrophages, no effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), quartz (DQ12) or titanium dioxide (TiO2) NM-105 particles on the cell viability and barrier integrity were detected. LPS exposure induced moderate cytokine release in the Calu-3 monoculture, albeit not statistically significant in most labs. In the co-culture models, most laboratories showed that LPS can significantly induce cytokine release (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α). The exposure to quartz and TiO2 particles did not induce a statistically significant increase in cytokine release in both cell models probably due to our relatively low deposited doses, which were inspired by in vivo dose levels. The intra- and inter-laboratory comparison study indicated acceptable interlaboratory variation for cell viability/toxicity (WST-1, LDH) and transepithelial electrical resistance, and relatively high inter-laboratory variation for cytokine production. Conclusion The transferability and reproducibility of a lung co-culture model and its exposure to aerosolized particles at the ALI were evaluated and recommendations were provided for performing inter-laboratory comparison studies. Although the results are promising, optimizations of the lung model (including more sensitive read-outs) and/or selection of higher deposited doses are needed to enhance its predictive value before it may be taken further towards a possible OECD guideline.
A Debris Backwards Flow Simulation System for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
Creators: name: Eichhorn, Mike
name: Haertel, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a system based on a Two-Way Particle-Tracking Model to analyze possible crash positions of flight MH370. The particle simulator includes a simple flow simulation of the debris based on a Lagrangian approach and a module to extract appropriated ocean current data from netCDF files. The influence of wind, waves, immersion depth and hydrodynamic behavior are not considered in the simulation.
description: 7 pages, 14 figures, IEEE OCEANS 2016 - Shanghai, 10-13 April 2016
Patterns and drivers of climatic niche dynamics during biological invasions of island-endemic amphibians, reptiles, and birds
Creators: name: García-Rodríguez, Adrián
name: Lenzner, Bernd
name: Marino, Clara
name: Liu, Chunlong
name: Velasco, Julián A.
name: Bellard, Celine
name: Jeschke, Jonathan M.
name: Seebens, Hanno
name: Essl, Franz
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: alien species
subject: climate
subject: islands
subject: niche conservatism
subject: niche margin index
subject: niche shifts
subject: prediction
subject: vertebrates
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Shifts between native and alien climatic niches pose a major challenge for predicting biological invasions. This is particularly true for insular species because geophysical barriers could constrain the realization of their fundamental niches, which may lead to underestimates of their invasion potential. To investigate this idea, we estimated the frequency of shifts between native and alien climatic niches and the magnitude of climatic mismatches using 80,148 alien occurrences of 46 endemic insular amphibian, reptile, and bird species. Then, we assessed the influence of nine potential predictors on climatic mismatches across taxa, based on species' characteristics, native range physical characteristics, and alien range properties. We found that climatic mismatch is common during invasions of endemic insular birds and reptiles: 78.3% and 55.1% of their respective alien records occurred outside of the environmental space of species' native climatic niche. In comparison, climatic mismatch was evident for only 16.2% of the amphibian invasions analyzed. Several predictors significantly explained climatic mismatch, and these varied among taxonomic groups. For amphibians, only native range size was associated with climatic mismatch. For reptiles, the magnitude of climatic mismatch was higher for species with narrow native altitudinal ranges, occurring in topographically complex or less remote islands, as well as for species with larger distances between their native and alien ranges. For birds, climatic mismatch was significantly larger for invasions on continents with higher phylogenetic diversity of the recipient community, and when the invader was more evolutionarily distinct. Our findings highlight that apparently common niche shifts of insular species may jeopardize our ability to forecast their potential invasions using correlative methods based on climatic variables. Also, we show which factors provide additional insights on the actual invasion potential of insular endemic amphibians, reptiles, and birds.
title: Demokratiepolitik - Selbstkonzept und Reformen
title: Relative Krise der relativen Demokratie?
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Montenbruck, Axel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Demokratie
subject: Demokratiepolitik
subject: Reformen
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::321 Staatsformen und Regierungssysteme
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::340 Recht::340 Recht

description: Die Schrift „Demokratiepolitik: Selbstkonzept und Reformen“ bietet zugespitzte Thesen und konkrete Reformvorschläge. Sie wendet sich an politisch Interessierte. Sie ist eng mit der umfangreichen wissenschaftlichen Schrift „Politische Demokratie“ verbunden. Wer die nachfolgenden Thesen und Vorschläge wissenschaftlich weiter untermauert sehen möchte, der kann in deren rund 550 Textseiten nachblättern. Von außen betrachtet handelt es sich um eine Kurz- und Praxisfassung, mit langen Auszügen aus deren viertem Teilband. Intern ist sie parallel zu ihr entstanden und hat jene erheblich beeinflusst. Die Nebenarbeit an dieser Schrift hat geholfen, die Aussagen der Hauptschrift für die Praxis zu testen und die eigenen Antworten zuzuspitzen.
Is the number of non-native species in the European Union saturating?
Creators: name: Haubrock, Phillip J.
name: Balzani, Paride
name: Macedo, Rafael
name: Tarkan, Ali Serhan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecological impact
subject: Economic burden
subject: Biological invasion
subject: Sustainability
subject: Biodiversity
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Background Non-native species can have significant negative impacts on the environment, economies, and amongst others, also human Non-native species can have significant negative impacts on the environment, economies, and human Non-native species can have significant negative impacts on the environment, economies, and human well-being, among other factors. Globalisation and economic incentives have substantially facilitated the growth in the numbers of newly recorded non-native species in the European Union. The European Union’s diversity in terms of political and socio-economic differences across member states may have contributed to the introduction of non-native species. Results Data reported in the Alien Species First Record Database, however, suggests a decreasing trend in the number of non-native species recorded over the past three decades. InvaCost, a database of non-native species with economic impacts, similarly shows increasing numbers of reported non-native species with costs until the 2010s, which were, however, followed by a plateauing and ultimately decline. Although the recent trends in non-native species reports may be affected by a lag time in reporting and data allocation as well as possibly a disparity in research efforts, their impacts persist, leading to a growing ecological but also economic burden. We further identified substantial spatial differences as western European member states generally reported higher numbers of non-native species and non-native species with monetary impacts. Conclusions Without improved actions, biological invasions and their associated impacts will continue to rise, degrading natural capital and hampering sustainable development and sustainability targets. Therefore, improved coordinated efforts across the European Union are necessary to improve reporting of non-native species and a centralized collation of data through accessible databases should be considered.
Extruded Mg based hybrid composite alloys studied by longitudinal impression creep
Creators: name: Mondal, A. K.
name: Kumar, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The creep behaviour of a creep-resistant AE42 magnesium alloy reinforced with Saffil short fibres and SiC particulates in various combinations has been examined in the longitudinal direction, i.e., the plane containing random fibre orientation was parallel to the loading direction, in the temperature range of 175-300 C at the stress levels ranging from 60 to 140 MPa using impression creep test technique. At 175 C, normal creep behaviour, i.e., strain rate decreasing with strain and then reaching a steady state, is observed at all the stresses employed. At 240 C, normal creep behaviour is observed up to 80 MPa and reverse creep behaviour, i.e., strain rate increasing with strain, then reaching a steady state and again decreasing, is observed above that stress. At 300 C, reverse creep behaviour is observed at all the stresses employed. This pattern remains the same for all the composites. The reverse creep behaviour is found to be associated with the fibre breakage. The stress exponent is found to be very high for all the composites. However, after taking the threshold stress into account, the stress exponent varies from 3.9 to 7.0, which suggests viscous glide and dislocation climb being the dominant creep mechanisms. The apparent activation energy Qc was not calculated due to insufficient data at any stress level either for normal or reverse creep behaviour. The creep resistance of the hybrid composites is found to be comparable to that of the composite reinforced with 20% Saffil short fibres at all the temperatures and stress levels investigated.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures. Corrected typographical errors and updated title and conclusions
Multi-weather Cross-view Geo-localization Using Denoising Diffusion Models
Creators: name: Feng, Tongtong
name: Li, Qing
name: Wang, Xin
name: Wang, Mingzi
name: Li, Guangyao
name: Zhu, Wenwu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cross-view geo-localization in GNSS-denied environments aims to determine an unknown location by matching drone-view images with the correct geo-tagged satellite-view images from a large gallery. Recent research shows that learning discriminative image representations under specific weather conditions can significantly enhance performance. However, the frequent occurrence of unseen extreme weather conditions hinders progress. This paper introduces MCGF, a Multi-weather Cross-view Geo-localization Framework designed to dynamically adapt to unseen weather conditions. MCGF establishes a joint optimization between image restoration and geo-localization using denoising diffusion models. For image restoration, MCGF incorporates a shared encoder and a lightweight restoration module to help the backbone eliminate weather-specific information. For geo-localization, MCGF uses EVA-02 as a backbone for feature extraction, with cross-entropy loss for training and cosine distance for testing. Extensive experiments on University160k-WX demonstrate that MCGF achieves competitive results for geo-localization in varying weather conditions.
description: Accepted by ACM MM24 workshop
Tetrahedral $4α$ and $^{12}\textrm{C}+α$ cluster structures in $^{16}$O
Creators: name: Kanada-En'yo, Yoshiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated structures of the ground and excited states of $^{16}\textrm{O}$ with the method of variation after spin-parity projection in the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics model combined with the generator coordinate method of $^{12}\textrm{C}+α$ cluster. The calculation reasonably reproduces the experimental energy spectra, $E2$, $E3$, $E4$, $IS1$ transitions, and $α$-decay properties. The formation of 4 $α$ clusters has been confirmed from nucleon degrees of freedom in the AMD model without assuming existence of any clusters. They form "tetrahedral" $4α$- and $^{12}\textrm{C}+α$-cluster structures. The $^{12}\textrm{C}+α$ structure constructs the $K^π=0^+$ band consisting of the $0^+_2$, $2^+_1$, and $4^+_1$ states and the $K^π=0^-$ band of the $1^-_2$, $3^-_2$, and $5^-_1$ states. The $0^+_1$, $3^-_1$, and $4^+_2$ states are assigned to the ground band constructed from the tetrahedral 4$α$ structure. The $0^+_1$ and $3^-_1$ are approximately interpreted as $T_d$ band members with the ideal tetrahedral configuration. The ground state $4α$ correlation plays an important role in enhancement of the $E3$ transition strength to the $3^-_1$. The $4^+_2$ state is not the ideal $T_d$ member but constructed from a distorted tetrahedral $4α$ structure. Moreover, significant state mixing of the tetrahedral $4α$ and $^{12}\textrm{C}+α$ cluster structures occurs between $4^+_1$ and $4^+_2$ states, indicating that the $T_d$ configuration of $4α$ is rather fragile at $J^π=4^+$.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Historiette de la farce du martelet
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2022

Abstract
Gravitational Wave Bursts from Cosmic String Cusps and Pseudocusps
Creators: name: Stott, Matthew J.
name: Elghozi, Thomas
name: Sakellariadou, Mairi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relative contribution of cusps and pseudocusps, on cosmic (super)strings, to the emitted bursts of gravitational waves. The gravitational wave emission in the vicinity of highly relativistic points on the string follows, for a high enough frequency, a logarithmic decrease. The slope has been analytically found to be $^{-4}/_3$ for points reaching exactly the speed of light in the limit $c=1$. We investigate the variations of this high frequency behaviour with respect to the velocity of the points considered, for strings formed through a numerical simulation, and we then compute numerically the gravitational waves emitted. We find that for string points moving with velocities as far as $10^{-3}$ from the theoretical (relativistic) limit $c=1$, gravitational wave emission follows a behaviour consistent with that of cusps, effectively increasing the number of cusps on a string. Indeed, depending on the velocity threshold chosen for such behaviour, we show the emitting part of the string worldsheet is enhanced by a factor ${\cal O}(10^3)$ with respect to the emission of cusps only.
description: 26 pages, 18 figures; Added reference
Current induced generation and synchronous motion of highly packed coupled chiral domain walls
Creators: name: del Real, Rafael P.
name: Raposo, Victor
name: Martinez, Eduardo
name: Hayashi, Masamitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral domain walls of Neel type emerge in heterostructures that include heavy metal (HM) and ferromagnetic metal (FM) layers owing to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction at the HM/FM interface. In developing storage class memories based on the current induced motion of chiral domain walls, it remains to be seen how dense such domain walls can be packed together. Here we show that a universal short range repulsion that scales with the strength of the DM interaction exists among chiral domain walls. The distance between the two walls can be reduced with application of out of plane field, allowing formation of coupled domain walls. Surprisingly, the current driven velocity of such coupled walls is independent of the out of plane field, enabling manipulation of significantly compressed coupled domain walls using current pulses. Moreover, we find that a single current pulse with optimum amplitude can create a large number of closely spaced domain walls. These features allow current induced generation and synchronous motion of highly packed chiral domain walls, a key feature essential for developing domain wall based storage devices.
Momentum transfer from the DART mission kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos
Creators: name: Cheng, Andrew F.
name: Agrusa, Harrison F.
name: Barbee, Brent W.
name: Meyer, Alex J.
name: Farnham, Tony L.
name: Raducan, Sabina D.
name: Richardson, Derek C.
name: Dotto, Elisabetta
name: Zinzi, Angelo
name: Wünnemann, Kai
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Asteroids, comets and Kuiper belt
subject: Geodynamics
subject: asteroid Dimorphos
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission performed a kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos, the satellite of the binary asteroid (65803) Didymos, at 23:14 UTC on 26 September 2022 as a planetary defence test1. DART was the first hypervelocity impact experiment on an asteroid at size and velocity scales relevant to planetary defence, intended to validate kinetic impact as a means of asteroid deflection. Here we report a determination of the momentum transferred to an asteroid by kinetic impact. On the basis of the change in the binary orbit period2, we find an instantaneous reduction in Dimorphos’s along-track orbital velocity component of 2.70 ± 0.10 mm s−1, indicating enhanced momentum transfer due to recoil from ejecta streams produced by the impact3,4. For a Dimorphos bulk density range of 1,500 to 3,300 kg m−3, we find that the expected value of the momentum enhancement factor, β, ranges between 2.2 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos. If Dimorphos and Didymos are assumed to have equal densities of 2,400 kg m−3, β=3.61+0.19−0.25(1σ). These β values indicate that substantially more momentum was transferred to Dimorphos from the escaping impact ejecta than was incident with DART. Therefore, the DART kinetic impact was highly effective in deflecting the asteroid Dimorphos.
War Diary of 1st Battalion Canadian Scottish Regiment, Vol. 32, April 1, 1942 to April 30, 1942
Creators: name: Canada. Canadian Army. Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Canada. Canadian Army
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/531187
subject: Canada. Canadian Army. Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
subject: World War (1939-1945)
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1180924
subject: War diaries
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1745536

description: The war diaries are official records kept by the Battalions during a one month period. They contain the daily orders, correspondence, newsletters, and an intelligence log detailing troop activities, locations, and weather conditions. The war diaries detail the activities and movement of the 1st Battalion from training in Canada and England to active duty on the Western Front and their return to Victoria in January 1946. This diary was kept while at Denne Park, England. It has entries about a Canadian Corps vs. Norwegian Volunteers game, troop movements, and address from a Brigadier informing them that they would soon meet the "Hun" and that they must be physically prepared to do so and that due to a shortage of petrol they would have to march, participating in various exercises, and troop movements, among other activities and information. Includes appendices covering orders, strength returns (daily & weekly), training syllabi, administrative memos, exercises, and a memo Re: Discipline, Control and Operation of M.T. Vehicles and Motorcycles.
The Emission Structure of Formaldehyde MegaMasers
Creators: name: Baan, Willem A.
name: An, Tao
name: Klöckner, Hans-Rainer
name: Thomasson, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formaldehyde MegaMaser emission has been mapped for the three host galaxies IC\,860. IRAS\,15107$+$0724, and Arp\,220. Elongated emission components are found at the nuclear centres of all galaxies with an extent ranging between 30 to 100 pc. These components are superposed on the peaks of the nuclear continuum. Additional isolated emission components are found superposed in the outskirts of the radio continuum structure. The brightness temperatures of the detected features ranges from 0.6 to 13.4 $\times 10^{4}$ K, which confirms their masering nature. The masering scenario is interpreted as amplification of the radio continuum by foreground molecular gas that is pumped by far-infrared radiation fields in these starburst environments of the host galaxies.
description: Accepted MNRAS
The benefits of a girl child education
Creators: name: Fahdi Ali Hodey
Publisher: name: Wisdom Publishers Limited
Year: 2024

description: In today's interconnected world, the education of girls has emerged as a crucial topic with farreaching implications. This section focuses on exploring the benefits of educating girl children from various perspectives, including the Islamic, religious, global, Africa (with a regional focus on Somalia), and broader societal viewpoints. By shedding light on these perspectives, we aim to emphasize the significance of investing in the education of girls and the transformative effects it can have on individuals, communities, and societies as a whole.
On the effect of climate change on European summer blocking
Creators: name: Thomas, Carl Magnus
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Atmospheric blocking events are regularly observed mid-latitude weather patterns, which obstruct the usual path of the jet streams. However, there is no well-defined historical dataset of blocking events and the effect of climate change on atmospheric blocking is uncertain. In this thesis, I explore how climate change influences European summer blocking (ESB). I develop a new algorithm to identify regional blocking events (the SOM-BI index), combining supervised and unsupervised learning. This is compared to other methods and a new ground truth dataset. I find the SOM-BI has an improved detection skill over other methods, particularly for climate models. I apply the SOM-BI to study ESB in the abrupt-4xCO2 experiments from phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. These runs maximise the forcing and have not previously been used to study atmospheric blocking. I identify a strong negative correlation between the historical occurrence of ESB and the change in occurrence of ESB. This enables a prediction of the ESB climate response from the historical model bias. Further, I identify the two main physical mechanisms which affect the ESB climate response: the poleward shift of the North Atlantic jet; and the propagation of Rossby waves across the North Pacific from diabatic heating in the tropical Pacific. I develop an informed physical understanding of these mechanisms, which have not been discussed in the literature as positive influences on the ESB climate response. I then define two metrics as proxies for these physical mechanisms and estimate a positive climate feedback on ESB: 0.22±0.35 days / °C. My thesis demonstrates the potential for machine learning in studying atmospheric blocking, highlights the importance of tropical forcing in influencing the climate feedback on ESB, and identifies new mechanisms that can be further explored to develop our understanding of how climate change will influence atmospheric blocking.
The benefits of a girl child education
Creators: name: Fahdi Ali Hodey
Publisher: name: Wisdom Publishers Limited
Year: 2024
Subjects: Benefits of Girl Child Education

description: In today's interconnected world, the education of girls has emerged as a crucial topic with farreaching implications. This section focuses on exploring the benefits of educating girl children from various perspectives, including the Islamic, religious, global, Africa (with a regional focus on Somalia), and broader societal viewpoints. By shedding light on these perspectives, we aim to emphasize the significance of investing in the education of girls and the transformative effects it can have on individuals, communities, and societies as a whole.
Disaggregation in Bundle Methods: Application to the Train Timetabling Problem
Creators: name: Ali, Abderrahman Ait
name: Lindberg, Per Olov
name: Nilsson, Jan-Eric
name: Eliasson, Jonas
name: Aronsson, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Bundle methods are often used to solve dual problems that arise from Lagrangian relaxations of large scale optimization problems. An example of such problems is the train timetabling problem. This paper focuses on solving a dual problem that arises from Lagrangian relaxation of a train timetabling optimization program. The dual problem is solved using bundle methods. We formulate and compare the performances of two different bundle methods: the aggregate method, which is a standard method, and a new, disaggregate, method which is proposed here. The two methods were tested on realistic train timetabling scenarios from the Iron Ore railway line. The numerical results show that the new disaggregate approach generally yields faster convergence than the standard aggregate approach.
Myth or reality? – Assessing the suitability of biodegradable plastics within a circular bioeconomy framework
Creators: name: Kakadellis, Sarah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: The proposition of a circular bioeconomy framework was introduced as a means of moving from a fossil-based to bio-based economy. With an emphasis on resource efficiency and waste valorisation, it has supported the development of biodegradable bioplastics (BBPs), notably in food packaging applications. Designed to be treated alongside organic waste, BBPs open new streams for plastic waste management within the food-energy-waste nexus, but their suitability in the current social, policy and sustainability landscape remains to be determined. Taking a systems-thinking approach, this thesis explores the compatibility of (certified) BBP packaging under a circular bioeconomy framework, focusing on a co-mingled food and BBP waste stream for anaerobic co-digestion. It uncovers major technical, policy and social challenges and urges for caution when deploying these novel plastic packaging materials on the consumer market. Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to BBPs and their framing in the wider context of plastic sustainability and organic waste management, followed by aims and objectives in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 provides a comprehensive literature review, depicting the importance and ubiquity of plastics, their environmental impact and the role BBPs could play in a circular bioeconomy framework from a systems-thinking perspective. Chapter 4 details the anaerobic co-digestion treatment of different BBPs with food waste and the impact of BBPs on biogas and methane yields and on microbial communities. The need for consistent experimental design of co-digestion trials is also discussed. Guided by these results, Chapter 5 presents the outcomes of a stakeholder study on attitudes towards BBPs in the current waste management infrastructure and policy landscape to explore how BBPs are perceived and managed on-the-ground in the United Kingdom. Chapters 6 & 7 build on a major finding from the stakeholder study, which outlined the importance of consumers in enabling circularity in the system. Chapter 6 covers a systems framework developed to identify and structure systemic factors that influence how consumers interact with BBP packaging, with a focus on disposal routes. The framework is then applied in practice, based on a survey conducted at two academic institutions, and the role of contextual setting is explored through a comparative case study presented in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 extends the debate on the suitability of BBPs further upstream in the value chain and consumption system and addresses the functional properties of BBP packaging in the context of a shelf-life study, anchoring BBPs in the food system they are embedded within. Chapter 9 summarises key findings and suggests future research related to this thesis. The Appendix contains supplementary figures and data for Chapters 4-8.
A new method to unveil blazars among multi-wavelength counterparts of Unassociated Fermi gamma-ray Sources
Creators: name: Paiano, Simona
name: Franceschini, Alberto
name: Stamerra, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a new method for unveiling the possible blazar AGN nature among the numerous population of Unassociated Gamma-ray sources (UGS) in the Fermi catalogues. Our tool relies on positional correspondence of the Fermi object with X-ray sources (mostly from Swift-XRT), correlated with other radio, IR and optical data in the field. We built a set of Spectral Energy Distributions (SED) templates representative of the various blazar classes, and we quantitatively compared them to the observed multi-wavelength flux density data for all Swift-XRT sources found within the Fermi error-box, by taking advantage of some well-recognised regularities in the broad-band spectral properties of the objects. We tested the procedure by comparison with a few well-known blazars, and tested the chance for false positive recognition of UGS sources against known pulsars and other Galactic and extragalactic sources. Based on our spectral recognition tool, we find the blazar candidate counterparts for 14 2FGL UGSs among 183 selected at high galactic latitudes. Further our tool also allows us rough estimates of the redshift for the candidate blazar. In a few cases in which this has been possible (i.e. when the counterpart was a SDSS object), we verified that our estimate is consistent with the measured redshift. The estimated redshifts of the proposed UGS counterparts are larger, on average, than those of known Fermi blazars, a fact that might explain the lack of previous association or identification in published catalogues.
description: 41 pages, 40 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
War Diary of 1st Battalion Canadian Scottish Regiment, Vol. 40, December 1, 1942 to December 31, 1942
Creators: name: Canada. Canadian Army. Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Canada. Canadian Army
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/531187
subject: Canada. Canadian Army. Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
subject: World War (1939-1945)
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1180924
subject: War diaries
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1745536

description: The war diaries are official records kept by the Battalions during a one month period. They contain the daily orders, correspondence, newsletters, and an intelligence log detailing troop activities, locations, and weather conditions. The war diaries detail the activities and movement of the 1st Battalion from training in Canada and England to active duty on the Western Front and their return to Victoria in January 1946. This diary was kept while at Angmering, England. It has entries about models of tanks going around the companies so that all ranks may become familiar with the main types of tanks being used by the Germans and the British, a film about sex hygiene being shown, a corporal dying while in London by falling out a window, various training programs and lectures, a sea mine washing ashore and exploding blowing out many window but no casualties occurred, an administrative inspection, mentioning how helpful using sand-tables for working out tactics and exercises has been, and order about issuing a new phonetic alphabet taking effect January, 1943, and having a good Christmas dinner, among other activities and information. Includes appendices covering orders, strength returns (daily & weekly), training syllabi, administrative memos, exercises, a letter from the Princess Royal, and the new phonetic alphabet.
VIRAL HEPATITIS DISEASE AND ITS SPREAD AMONG THE POPULATION. THE EXAMPLE OF RISHTAN DISTRICT
Creators: name: Mamatkhanova, Gulnora
name: Sohibova, Maftuna
name: Xaydarov, Sobitjon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In fact, viral hepatitis is one of the serious health problems of people. Because 500 million people in the world are infected with hepatovirus, and 80% of them do not have the opportunity to be examined and treated. Viral hepatitis A takes an important place among them. The fact that this disease is widespread among children, who are our future heirs, shows that it is necessary to deeply study not only the methods of treatment of this disease, but also the causes of its origin. Viral hepatitis A disease is becoming an important socio-economic problem today. A lot of research is being conducted all over the world, including in Uzbekistan, to study viral hepatitis A. However, despite research, spreading rate of disease among children is increasing significantly. Hepatitis A is an acute disorder that spread by fecal-oral agents and is often followed by a relapse for a few weeks. It is the causative agent of infectious hepatitis. Although children are more likely to contract hepatitis A than adults, the symptoms are usually much milder than those of adults. 90% of the childhood infections are asymptomic.
The Sun in transition? Persistence of near-surface structural changes through Cycle 24
Creators: name: Howe, R.
name: Davies, G. R.
name: Chaplin, W. J.
name: Elsworth, Y.
name: Basu, S.
name: Hale, S. J.
name: Ball, W. H.
name: Komm, R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the frequency shifts in low-degree helioseismic modes from the Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network (BiSON) covering the period from 1985 - 2016, and compare them with a number of global activity proxies well as a latitudinally-resolved magnetic index. As well as looking at frequency shifts in different frequency bands, we look at a parametrization of the shift as a cubic function of frequency. While the shifts in the medium- and highfrequency bands are very well correlated with all of the activity indices (with the best correlation being with the 10.7 cm radio flux), we confirm earlier findings that there appears to have been a change in the frequency response to activity during solar cycle 23, and the low frequency shifts are less correlated with activity in the last two cycles than they were in Cycle 22. At the same time, the more recent cycles show a slight increase in their sensitivity to activity levels at medium and higher frequencies, perhaps because a greater proportion of activity is composed of weaker or more ephemeral regions. This lends weight to the speculation that a fundamental change in the nature of the solar dynamo may be in progress.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. Accepted by MNRAS 24 May 2017
Multipole quantum droplets in quasi-one-dimensional asymmetric mixtures
Creators: name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
name: Zezyulin, Dmitry A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum droplets emerging in a quasi-one-dimensional asymmetric mixture of two atomic species with different intra-component coupling constants. We find that such mixtures support a rich variety of multipole quantum droplets, where the macroscopic wavefunction of one component changes its sign and features distinctive multipole structure, while the wavefunction of another component does not have zeros. Such multipole droplets have no counterparts in the reduced single-component model frequently used to describe symmetric one-dimensional mixtures. We study transformations of multipole states upon variation of the chemical potential of each component and demonstrate that quantum droplets can split into separated fundamental states, transform into flat-top multipoles, or into multipole component coupled to flat-top state with several humps on it, akin to anti-dark solitons. Multipole quantum droplets described here are stable in large part of their existence domain. Our findings essentially broaden the family of quantum droplet states emerging in the beyond-meanfield regime and open the way for observation of such heterostructured states in Bose-Bose mixtures.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures; accepted for Physical Review A as a Letter
Framework for solutions of the Boltzmann equation for ions of arbitrary mass
Creators: name: Konovalov, D. A.
name: Cocks, D. G.
name: White, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a framework for the solution of Boltzmann's equation in the swarm limit for arbitrary mass ratio, allowing for solutions of electron or ion transport. An arbitrary basis set can be used in the framework, which is achieved by using appropriate quadratures to obtain the required matrix elements. We demonstrate an implementation using Burnett functions and benchmark the calculations using Monte-Carlo simulations. Even though the convergence in transport quantities is always good, the particle distributions did not always converge, highlighting that simple benchmarks can give misleading confidence in a choice of basis. We postulate a different basis, which avoids a spherical harmonic expansion, which is better suited to strong electric fields or sharp features such as low-energy attachment processes.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Event generation on quantum computers
Creators: name: Williams, Simon Jonathan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: The synthesis of high quality simulated data from event generators is essential in the search for new physics at collider experiments. Modern event generator algorithms use Monte Carlo processes to simulate the evolution of an event from the collision of high energy particles to the formation of long-lived particles. One of the major building blocks of the event generation process is the QCD parton shower. However, despite being a key aspect of modern event generation, the core algorithms which simulate the showering process have remained unchanged since the 1980s, and will become a limiting factor as we move to an era of higher energy and higher luminosity experiments. With the rapid development of quantum computation, dedicated algorithms are required which exploit the potential that quantum computing provides to address problems in high energy physics. In this thesis, we present three novel quantum algorithms for the simulation of a QCD parton shower. The first algorithm provides a proof-of-principle, classical Monte Carlo inspired approach with the ability to simulate two shower steps of a collinear QCD model. By exploiting the compact circuit architecture of the quantum walk, one can drastically reduce the quantum resources required to simulate a shower step. The second algorithm shows that, in this framework, the quantum parton shower can be extended to simulate realistic shower depths whilst using fewer quantum resources. Finally, the third algorithm utilises a discrete QCD approach to parton showering to include kinematics in the shower, simulating a dipole cascade. In this construction, the algorithm has achieved the first data comparison between synthetic data produced using a Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) device, and ``real-life" archival collider data from the Large Electron Positron collider. The three algorithms represent the development of quantum algorithms for the simulation of parton showers, acting as a first step towards a fully quantum simulation of a high energy collision event.
Microscopic Conductivity of Lattice Fermions at Equilibrium - Part II: Interacting Particles
Creators: name: Bru, Jean-Bernard
name: Pedra, Walter de Siqueira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82C70, 82C44, 82C20

description: We apply Lieb-Robinson bounds for multi-commutators we recently derived to study the (possibly non-linear) response of interacting fermions at thermal equilibrium to perturbations of the external electromagnetic field. This analysis leads to an extension of the results for quasi-free fermions of \cite{OhmI,OhmII} to fermion systems on the lattice with short-range interactions. More precisely, we investigate entropy production and charge transport properties of non-autonomous $C^{\ast }$-dynamical systems associated with interacting lattice fermions within bounded static potentials and in presence of an electric field that is time- and space-dependent. We verify the 1st law of thermodynamics for the heat production of the system under consideration. In linear response theory, the latter is related with Ohm and Joule's laws. These laws are proven here to hold at the microscopic scale, uniformly with respect to the size of the (microscopic) region where the electric field is applied. An important outcome is the extension of the notion of conductivity measures to interacting fermions.
Stacking-Dependent Van Hove Singularity Shifts in Three-Dimensional Charge Density Waves of Kagome Metals AV$_3$Sb$_5$ (A = K, Rb, Cs)
Creators: name: Barman, Chanchal K.
name: Kim, Sun-Woo
name: Kim, Youngkuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vanadium-based kagome systems AV$_3$Sb$_5$ (A = K, Rb, Cs) have emerged as paradigmatic examples exhibiting unconventional charge density waves (CDWs) and superconductivity linked to van Hove singularities (VHSs). Despite extensive studies, the three-dimensional (3D) nature of CDW states in these systems remains elusive. This study employs first-principles density functional theory and a tight-binding model to investigate the stacking-dependent electronic structures of 3D CDWs in AV$_3$Sb$_5$, emphasizing the significant role of interlayer coupling in behaviors of the VHSs associated with diverse 3D CDW orders. We develop a minimal 3D tight-binding model and present a detailed analysis of band structures and density of states for various 3D CDW stacking configurations, including those with and without a $π$-phase shift stacking of the inverse star of David, as well as alternating stacking of the inverse star of David and the star of David. We find that VHSs exist below the Fermi level even in 3D CDWs without $π$-phase shift stackings, and that these VHSs shift downward in the $π$-phase shift stacking CDW structure, stabilizing the $2\times2\times2$ $π$-shifted inverse star of David distortions in alternating vanadium layers as the ground state 3D CDW order of AV$_3$Sb$_5$. Our work provides the electronic origin of 3D CDW orders, paving the way for a deeper understanding of CDWs and superconductivity in AV$_3$Sb$_5$ kagome metals.
description: 4 figures + Supplementary information