cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The temperature dependence of the local tunnelling conductance in cuprate superconductors with competing AF order
Creators: name: Chen, Hong-Yi
name: Ting, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the $t-t'-U-V$ model with proper chosen parameters for describing the cuprate superconductors, it is found that near the optimal doping at low temperature ($T$), only the pure d-wave superconductivity ($d$SC) prevails and the antiferromagnetic (AF) order is completely suppressed. At higher $T$, the AF order with stripe modulation and the accompanying charge order may emerge, and they could exist above the $d$SC transition temperature. We calculate the local differential tunnelling conductance (LDTC) from the local density of states (LDOS) and show that their energy variations are rather different from each other as $T$ increases. Although the calculated modulation periodicity in the LDTC/LDOS and bias energy dependence of the Fourier amplitude of LDTC in the "pseudogap" region are in good agreement with the recent STM experiment [Vershinin $et al.$, Science {\bf 303}, 1995 (2004)], we point out that some of the energy dependent features in the LDTC do not represent the intrinsic characteristics of the sample.
Assessing the Comparative Advantage of Albanian Olive Oil Production
Creators: name: Mane-Kapaj, Ana
name: Kapaj, Ilir
name: Chan-Halbrendt, Catherine
name: Totojani, Orkida
name: Mane-Kapaj, Ana
name: Kapaj, Ilir
name: Chan-Halbrendt, Catherine
name: Totojani, Orkida
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: olive oil production
subject: PAM
subject: comparative advantage
subject: Albania

description: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the comparative advantage of olive oil production in Albania using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method. The result indicates that olive oil production in Albania is profitable for the producers. Whereas the DRC ratio equals to 2.2, meaning that olive oil production in Albania does not have a comparative advantage for the given situation of production, prices and technology. This means that while it is profitable for private producers to manufacture olive oil for the domestic market, it does not have a comparative advantage with other EU countries. In order for Albania to develop an olive oil industry comparable to neighboring countries with similar climatic and soil conditions, the country will need to achieve higher productivity similar to those countries.
Non-invasive respiratory support in elderly hospitalized patients
Creators: name: Coppola, Silvia
name: Radovanovic, Dejan
name: Pozzi, Tommaso
name: Danzo, Fiammetta
name: Rocco, Cosmo
name: Lazzaroni, Giada
name: Santus, Pierachille
name: Chiumello, Davide
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: The proportion of elderly people among hospitalized patients is rapidly growing. Between 7% to 25% of ICU patients are aged 85 and over and noninvasive respiratory support is often offered to avoid the risks of invasive mechanical ventilation or in patients with a ‘do-not-intubate’ order. However, while noninvasive respiratory support has been extensively studied in the general population, there is limited data available on its efficacy in elderly patients with ARF. PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase online databases were searched for studies that assessed clinical efficacy of high flow nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation in patients ≥ 65 years old with acute de novo ARF, showing that short to mid-term benefits provided by noninvasive respiratory support in elderly patients in terms of reduction of mechanical ventilation risk and mortality are similar to younger patients, if adjusted for the severity of comorbidities and respiratory failure. Noninvasive support strategies can represent an effective opportunity in elderly patients with ARF, especially in patients too frail to undergo endotracheal intubation and in whom received or decided for a ‘do not intubate’ order. Indeed, noninvasive support has a different impact, depending on the setting.
Slow energy relaxation of macromolecules and nano-clusters in solution
Creators: name: Piazza, Francesco
name: Rios, Paolo De Los
name: Sanejouand, Yves-Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Many systems in the realm of nanophysics from both the living and inorganic world display slow relaxation kinetics of energy fluctuations. In this paper we propose a general explanation for such phenomenon, based on the effects of interactions with the solvent. Within a simple harmonic model of the system fluctuations, we demonstrate that the inhomogeneity of coupling to the solvent of the bulk and surface atoms suffices to generate a complex spectrum of decay rates. We show for Myoglobin and for a metal nano-cluster that the result is a complex, non-exponential relaxation dynamics.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Competitiveness of Zacatecas (Mexico) Protected Agriculture: The Fresh Tomato Industry
Creators: name: Padilla-Bernal, Luz E.
name: Rumayor-Rodriguez, Agustin
name: Perez-Veyna, Oscar
name: Reyes-Rivas, Elivier
name: Padilla-Bernal, Luz E.
name: Rumayor-Rodriguez, Agustin
name: Perez-Veyna, Oscar
name: Reyes-Rivas, Elivier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: development
subject: technology
subject: greenhouses
subject: systemic competitiveness

description: The industry of fresh tomato production under protective structures in Zacatecas has undergone accelerated growth in recent years. Free trade, market globalization, new trends in the agro-food sector, as well as the food and financial crises, are impacting its competitiveness. In this study competitiveness of the industry of fresh tomato production under protective structures in Zacatecas was evaluated to provide elements that contribute to the design of policies aimed toward development of sustainable competitiveness. A systemic competitiveness model was applied, and a SWOT analysis was performed. The information was obtained through interviews with technicians and/or owners of the production units and complemented with interviews with researchers and government authorities. It was shown that a high level of technology is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for achieving sustainable competitiveness.
Does the World Need U.S. Farmers Even if Americans Don’t?
Creators: name: Hendrickson, Mary K.
name: James, Harvey S.
name: Heffernan, William D.
name: Hendrickson, Mary K.
name: James, Harvey S.
name: Heffernan, William D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: We consider the implications of trends in the number of U.S. farmers and food imports on the question of what role U.S. farmers have in an increasingly global agrifood system. Our discussion stems from the argument some scholars have made that American consumers can import their food more cheaply from other countries than it can produce it. We consider the distinction between U.S. farmers and agriculture and the effect of the U.S. food footprint on developing nations to argue there might be an important role for U.S. farmers, even if it appears Americans don’t need them. For instance, we may need to protect U.S. farmland and, by implication, U.S. farmers, for future food security needs both domestic and international. We also explore the role of U.S. farmers by considering the question of whether food is a privilege or a right. Although Americans seem to accept that food is a privilege, many scholars and commentators argue that, at least on a global scale, food is a right, particularly for the world’s poor and hungry. If this is the case, then U.S. farmers might have a role in meeting the associated obligation to ensure that the poor of the world have enough food to eat. We look at the consequences of determining that food is a right versus a privilege and the implications of that decision for agricultural subsidies as well as U.S. agriculture and nutrition policies.
Unsupervised learning universal critical behavior via the intrinsic dimension
Creators: name: Mendes-Santos, T.
name: Turkeshi, X.
name: Dalmonte, M.
name: Rodriguez, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The identification of universal properties from minimally processed data sets is one goal of machine learning techniques applied to statistical physics. Here, we study how the minimum number of variables needed to accurately describe the important features of a data set - the intrinsic dimension ($I_d$) - behaves in the vicinity of phase transitions. We employ state-of-the-art nearest neighbors-based $I_d$-estimators to compute the $I_d$ of raw Monte Carlo thermal configurations across different phase transitions: first-, second-order and Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless. For all the considered cases, we find that the $I_d$ uniquely characterizes the transition regime. The finite-size analysis of the $I_d$ allows not just to identify critical points with an accuracy comparable with methods that rely on {\it a priori} identification of order parameters, but also to determine the corresponding (critical) exponent $ν$ in case of continuous transitions. For the case of topological transitions, this analysis overcomes the reported limitations affecting other unsupervised learning methods. Our work reveals how raw data sets display unique signatures of universal behavior in the absence of any dimensional reduction scheme, and suggest direct parallelism between conventional order parameters in real space, and the intrinsic dimension in the data space.
Trust in Biotechnology Risk Managers: Insights from the United Kingdom, 1996-2002
Creators: name: James, Harvey S.
name: Marks, Leonie A.
name: James, Harvey S.
name: Marks, Leonie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Risk and Uncertainty

description: During the late 1990s a series of negative events occurred in the United Kingdom (UK) related to biotechnology. These events signaled potential risks associated with biotech foods and crops and were highly reported. According to the trust asymmetry hypothesis, such events ought to cause public trust in risk managers of biotechnology to decline rapidly and rebound more slowly. We find, based on data taken from the Eurobarometer surveys conducted in 1996, 1999 and 2002, that public trust in risk managers did decline from 1996 to 1999. However, the level of trust rebounded sharply between 1999 and 2002. Canonical discriminant analysis of public trust is used to reveal possible explanatory factors in this response. We find that whether people trust or distrust risk managers depends significantly on the amount of objective knowledge they have. We argue that knowledge of science might moderate the trust asymmetry effect.
Fatigue and retention in the growth window of ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films
Creators: name: Lyu, Jike
name: Fina, Ignasi
name: Sanchez, Florencio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growth window of epitaxial Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 is established taking into account the main ferroelectric properties that films have to present simultaneously: high remanent polarization, low fatigue and long retention. Defects in the film and imprint field depend on deposition temperature and oxygen pressure, with an impact on fatigue and retention, respectively. Fatigue increases with substrate temperature and pressure, and retention is short if low temperature is used. The growth window of epitaxial stabilization of ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 is narrower when all major ferroelectric properties (remanence, endurance and retention) are considered, but deposition temperature and pressure ranges are still sufficiently wide.
Pulmonary rehabilitation and family/friend caregivers: the hidden reciprocal relationship improving outcomes in chronic respiratory diseases
Creators: name: Marques, Alda
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: The experiences and needs of living with chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) can be overwhelming. Individuals often rely on informal care for daily assistance and having a family/friend caregiver has been associated with better health outcomes. Nevertheless, family/friend caregivers frequently feel alone and unsupported. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) leads to multidimensional benefits across CRD and individuals have suggested improvements for PR. Family/friend caregivers highly support PR in practical and psychosocial ways and have identified this intervention as an opportunity to be supported. This reciprocal relationship between PR and the family/friend caregivers has been scarcely explored and its importance for the management of CRD is poorly understood. This perspective synthesizes the experiences and needs of living with CRD from the perspective of people with CRD and their family/friend caregivers; and proposes a vision of a reciprocal/symbiotic relationship, through PR, for optimizing care for people with CRD and their caregivers. A deeper understanding/recognition of the extensiveness and somewhat overlap of the experiences and unmet needs of individuals with CRD and their family/friend caregivers; and of the reciprocal/symbiotic relationship between PR and the family/friend caregivers might be important to optimizing management and, ultimately, individuals and caregivers’ outcomes in CRD.
Power-law distributions from additive preferential redistributions
Creators: name: Ree, Suhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a non-growth model that generates the power-law distribution with the Zipf exponent. There are N elements, each of which is characterized by a quantity, and at each time step these quantities are redistributed through binary random interactions with a simple additive preferential rule, while the sum of quantities is conserved. The situation described by this model is similar to those of closed $N$-particle systems when conservative two-body collisions are only allowed. We obtain stationary distributions of these quantities both analytically and numerically while varying parameters of the model, and find that the model exhibits the scaling behavior for some parameter ranges. Unlike well-known growth models, this alternative mechanism generates the power-law distribution when the growth is not expected and the dynamics of the system is based on interactions between elements. This model can be applied to some examples such as personal wealths, city sizes, and the generation of scale-free networks when only rewiring is allowed.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures; Changed some expressions and notations; Added more explanations and changed the order of presentation in Sec.III while results are the same
An investigation into trust-building mechanisms in B2B e-Marketplaces : a content analysis approach
Creators: name: Tu, LingLing.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: B2B e-Marketplaces are applications of an electronic business platform introduced on the Internet. They establish a set of rules for online business, they serve buyers and sellers with acquiring products and information more effectively and efficiently, and they change stages of business processes. Trust is instrumental for establishing business relationships in B2B e-Marketplaces. Following Zucker's trust production theory, this study posits that the use of institution-based trust and process-based trust can induce two dimensions of inter-organizational trust in B2B e-commerce: trading partner trust (Marketplace participant trust) and Marketplace trust. To investigate the status quo for trust-building in B2B e-Marketplaces, one hundred B2B e-Marketplaces were selected randomly from the comprehensive list produced by eMarket Services (www. Emarketservices.com) and examined using content analysis methodology. The results reveal that seven trust-building mechanisms are commonly used for increasing trading partner trust (marketplace participant trust), and thirteen trust-building mechanisms are used for increasing marketplace trust. The findings provide guidelines for B2B e-Marketplaces for a trustworthy trading environment establishment.
The unique metabolic and lipid profiles of patients with severe COVID-19 compared to severe community-acquired pneumonia: a potential prognostic and therapeutic target
Creators: name: Ibáñez-Prada, Elsa D.
name: Guerrero, Jose L.
name: Bustos, Ingrid G.
name: León, Lizeth
name: Fuentes, Yuli V.
name: Santamaría-Torres, Mary
name: Restrepo-Martínez, Juan M.
name: Serrano-Mayorga, Cristian C.
name: Mendez, Lina
name: Gomez-Duque, Salome
name: Santacruz, Carlos A.
name: Conway-Morris, Andrew
name: Martín-Loeches, Ignacio
name: Gonzalez-Juarbe, Norberto
name: Cala, Mónica P.
name: Reyes, Luis Felipe
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Compare the changes and differences in metabolome and lipidome profiles among severe COVID-19 and CAP patients with ARF to identify biomarkers that could be used for personalized diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Plasma samples were taken at hospital admission (baseline) and on the 5th day of hospitalization (follow-up) and examined by RP-LC-QTOF-MS and HILIC-LC-QTOF-MS. 127 patients, 17 with CAP and 110 with COVID-19, were included. The analysis revealed 87 altered metabolites, suggesting changes in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, linoleic acid, pyruvate, glycolysis, among others. Most of these metabolites are involved in inflammatory, hypoxic, and thrombotic processes. At baseline, the greatest differences were found in phosphatidylcholine (PC) 31:4 (p < 0.001), phosphoserine (PS) 34:3 (p < 0.001), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) 36:5 (p < 0.001), all of which were notably decreased in COVID-19 patients. At follow-up, the most dysregulated metabolites were monomethyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE-Nme) 40:5 (p < 0.001) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) 38:4 (p < 0.001). Metabolic and lipidic alterations suggest inhibition of innate anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic mechanisms in COVID-19 patients, which might lead to increased viral proliferation, uncontrolled inflammation, and thrombi formation. Results provide novel targets for predictive biomarkers against CAP and COVID-19. Not applicable.
Non-decomposable quantum dynamical semigroups and bound entangled states
Creators: name: Benatti, Fabio
name: Floreanini, Roberto
name: Piani, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use open quantum system techniques to construct one-parameter semigroups of positive maps and apply them to study the entanglement properties of a class of 16-dimensional density matrices, representing states of a 4x4 bipartite system.
description: 15 pages, to appear on "Open systems & information dynamics", OSID style
New Bounds on Light Sneutrino Masses: Rare SUSY Signals
Creators: name: Carpenter, Linda M.
name: Gilmer, Humberto B.
name: Kawamura, Junichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study bounds on a neutral component of weak doublet scalar lepton. A typical example of such particle is sneutrinos in supersymmetric models. Using constraints from invisible Higgs decays we place a lower bound of approximately $m_h/2$. We recast a mono-$W/Z$ search, with hadronic vector boson tag in order to bound parameter space in the sneutrino--charged slepton mass plane. We find a lower bound on sneutrinos in the range of 55-100 GeV in the 36 $\text{fb}^{-1}$ data set depending on the mass of charged component. We propose a sensitivity search in the hadronic mono-$W/Z$ channel for HL-LHC and discuss both the discovery potential in case an excess is seen and exclusion limit assuming no excess is seen.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
State estimation on correlated copies
Creators: name: Demkowicz-Dobrzanski, Rafal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: State estimation is usually analyzed in the situation when copies are in a product state, either mixed or pure. We investigate here the concept of state estimation on correlated copies. We analyze state estimation on correlated N qubit states, which are permutationally invariant. Using a correlated state we try to estimate as good as possible the direction of the Bloch vector of a single particle reduced density matrix. We derive the optimal fidelity for all permutation invariant states. We find the optimal state, which yields the highest estimation fidelity among the states with the same reduced density matrix. Interestingly this state is not a product state. We also point out that states produced by optimal universal cloning machines are the worst form the point of view of estimating the reduced density matrix.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure. Previous results were correct only in special cases. New correct formula for the fidelity has an absolute value sign added. New states optimal for state estimation are derived. Slightly changed notation
Choice modelling in the development of natural resource management strategies in NSW
Creators: name: Mazur, Kasia
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Mazur, Kasia
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Nonmarket valuation
subject: choice modelling
subject: trade-offs
subject: bio-physical modelling

description: Protecting environmental services generates social benefits. At the same time, private landholders supplying these benefits may face some costs. To provide these services efficiently, policy makers need information about community values for the environment as well as landholders’ costs. This study explores how choice modelling (a non-market valuation technique) is used to estimate comment values. These include use and non-use values for increasing environmental quality in NSW catchments. Non-market valuation techniques for estimating environmental values are reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of methodological aspects of the choice modelling technique and its potential as a regional planning tool for Catchment Management Authorities (CMA’s)
Reduced Visibility of Rabi Oscillations in Superconducting Qubits
Creators: name: Meier, Florian
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent Rabi oscillations between quantum states of superconducting micro-circuits have been observed in a number of experiments, albeit with a visibility which is typically much smaller than unity. Here, we show that the coherent coupling to background charge fluctuators [R.W. Simmonds et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 077003 (2004)] leads to a significantly reduced visibility if the Rabi frequency is comparable to the coupling energy of micro-circuit and fluctuator. For larger Rabi frequencies, transitions to the second excited state of the superconducting micro-circuit become dominant in suppressing the Rabi oscillation visibility. We also calculate the probability for Bogoliubov quasi-particle excitations in typical Rabi oscillation experiments.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Late-time decaying dark matter: constraints and implications for the $H_0$-tension
Creators: name: Haridasu, Balakrishna S.
name: Viel, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constrain and update the bounds on the life-time of a decaying dark matter model with a warm massive daughter particle using the most recent low-redshift probes. We use Supernovae Type-Ia, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and the time delay measurements of gravitationally lensed quasars. These data sets are complemented by the early universe priors taken from the Cosmic Microwave background. For the maximum allowed fraction of the relativistic daughter particle, the updated bounds on the life-time are found to be $τ> 9\, \rm{Gyr}$ and $τ>11\,\rm{Gyr}$ at $95\%$ C.L., for the two-body and many-body decay scenarios, respectively. We also comment on the recent proposal that the current two-body decaying dark matter model can provide resolution for the $H_0$-tension, by contrasting against the standard $Λ$CDM model. We infer that the current dark matter decaying scenario is unlikely to alleviate the $H_0$-tension. We find that the decaying dark matter is able to reduce the trend of the decreasing $H_0$ values with increasing lens redshifts observed in the strong lensing dataset.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures; comments are welcome
Discrete Wigner distribution for two qubits: a characterization of entanglement properties
Creators: name: Franco, R.
name: Penna, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of the discrete Wigner distribution for two qubits introduced by Wotters. In particular, we analyze the entanglement properties within the Wigner distribution picture by considering the negativity of the Wigner function (WF) and the correlations of the marginal distribution. We show that a state is entangled if at least one among the values assumed by the corresponding discrete WF is smaller than a certain critical (negative) value. Then, based on the Partial Transposition criterion, we establish the relation between the separability of a density matrix and the non-negativity of the WF's relevant both to such a density matrix and to the partially transposed thereof. Finally, we derive a simple inequality --involving the covariance-matrix elements of a given WF-- which appears to provide a separability criterion stronger than the one based on the Local Uncertainty Relations.
description: 15 pages, 6 tables
Quantum circuit synthesis using Householder transformations
Creators: name: de Brugière, Timothée Goubault
name: Baboulin, Marc
name: Valiron, Benoît
name: Allouche, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The synthesis of a quantum circuit consists in decomposing a unitary matrix into a series of elementary operations. In this paper, we propose a circuit synthesis method based on the QR factorization via Householder transformations. We provide a two-step algorithm: during the first step we exploit the specific structure of a quantum operator to compute its QR factorization, then the factorized matrix is used to produce a quantum circuit. We analyze several costs (circuit size and computational time) and compare them to existing techniques from the literature. For a final quantum circuit twice as large as the one obtained by the best existing method, we accelerate the computation by orders of magnitude.
description: 31 pages, preprint
Relativistic Particle Acceleration in a Folded Current Sheet
Creators: name: Zenitani, S.
name: Hoshino, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional particle simulations of a relativistic Harris current sheet of pair plasmashave demonstrated that the system is unstable to the relativistic drift kink instability (RDKI) and that a new kind of acceleration process takes place in the deformed current sheet. This process contributes to the generation of non-thermal particles and contributes to the fast magnetic dissipation in the current sheet structure. The acceleration mechanism and a brief comparison with relativistic magnetic reconnection are presented.
description: 11 preprint pages, including 3 .eps figures
STM as a single Majorana detector of Kitaev's chiral spin liquid
Creators: name: Udagawa, Masafumi
name: Takayoshi, Shintaro
name: Oka, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we propose a local detection scheme for the Majorana zero mode (MZM) carried by a vison in Kitaev's chiral spin liquid (CSL) using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The STM introduces a single Majorana into the system through hole/charge injection and the Majorana interacts with the MZM to form a stable composite object. We derive the exact analytical expression of single-hole Green's function in the Mott insulating limit of Kitaev's model and show that the differential conductance has split peaks, as a consequence of resonant tunneling through the vison-hole composite. The peak splitting scales with the binding energy of vison-hole composite, which is comparable to the Majorana gap in CSL, well within the reach of experimental observation.
description: 6+2 pages, 4 figures
Administración farmacéutica vía pulmonar
Creators: name: Sosa-Delgado, Heidi Adhara
Publisher: name: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Year: 2024
Subjects: medicamentos
enfermedades
eficacia
pulmones
asma

description: Resumen

En la actualidad es muy común la administración de medicamentos por vía pulmonar para el tratamiento de enfermedades respiratorias, debido a la gran eficacia que se ha conseguido por su rápida acción, la facilidad de conseguir la concentración elevada del fármaco de manera localizada sin necesidad de usar la vía sistémica y, por lo tanto, sin los efectos secundarios que ésta trae consigo. Por ello, mediante la presente infografía se darán a conocer los tipos de dispositivos utilizados para la administración de medicamentos por la vía pulmonar, así como los aspectos fisicoquímicos que deben ser considerados para la elaboración de dichos medicamentos y las enfermedades que pueden ser tratadas mediante ellos [1-3].
The Elusive Productivity Effect of Trade Liberalization in the Manufacturing Industries of Emerging Economies
Creators: name: Abegaz, Berhanu
name: Basu, Arnab K.
name: Abegaz, Berhanu
name: Basu, Arnab K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Production Economics

description: Using a model that admits variable returns and imperfect competition, we investigate the impact on total factor productivity of trade liberalization in six emerging economies. Regressions based on panel data for 28 three-digit manufacturing industries show that productivity growth is insensitive to tariff reduction. These results are at variance with country-specific studies which, using firm-level data, generally find a positive association between liberalization and productivity growth. While aggregation effects may matter, our results can also be explained thusly: significant productivity gains by latecomers via technological assimilation do take time and require appropriate sequencing of reforms of trade and industrial policies.
Dynamics of accretion and winds in tidal disruption events
Creators: name: Mageshwaran, T.
name: Mangalam, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constructed self-similar models of a time-dependent accretion disk in both sub and super-Eddington phases with wind outflows for tidal disruption events (TDEs). The physical input parameters are the black hole (BH) mass $M_{\bullet}$, specific orbital energy $E$ and angular momentum $J$, star mass $M_{\star}$ and radius $R_{\star}$. We consider the sub-Eddington phase to be total pressure (model A1) and gas pressure (model A2) dominated. In contrast, the super-Eddington phase is dominated by radiation pressure (model B) with Thomson opacity. We derive the viscosity prescribed by the stress tensor, $Π_{rϕ}\propto Σ_d^b r^d$ where $Σ_d$ is the surface density of the disk, $r$ is the radius and $b$ and $d$ are constants. The specific choice of radiative or $α$ viscosity is motivated, and its parameters are decided by the expected disk luminosity and evolution time scale being in the observed range. The disk evolves due to mass loss by accretion onto the black hole and outflowing wind, and mass gain by fallback of the debris; this results in an increasing outer radius. We have simulated the luminosity profile for both sub and super-Eddington disks. As an illustrative example, we fit our models to the observations in X-ray, UV, and Optical of four TDE events and deduce the physical parameters above.
description: 9 tables, 21 figures with 45 sub-figures and 5 appendices; accepted in New Astronomy
Economic Impact Assessment of Bovine Tuberculosis in the South West of England
Creators: name: Butler, Allan J.
name: Lobley, Matt
name: Winter, Michael
name: Butler, Allan J.
name: Lobley, Matt
name: Winter, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Bovine Tuberculosis
subject: Costs
subject: Beef farmers
subject: Dairy farmers

description: Bovine TB (bTB) presents a significant challenge to beef and dairy farmers. In 2009 7,449 herds were subject to movement restrictions in Great Britain because of bTB. Of these, 52% were in South West England and 20% were in Devon alone. With over 25% of holdings with cattle in the South West likely to suffer a bTB breakdown within the course of a year, understanding the cost implications on farm businesses is vital in order to demonstrate the impact that this disease is having on agricultural communities and the agricultural economy. The research undertaken for this report has revealed considerable variation across a range of different types of costs associated with bTB. Consequently average figures, either for costs or calculating compensation, obscure much of the detail at an individual farm level. The research also points to a range of ‘hidden’ and longer term costs that fall beyond the scope of the compensation scheme. Finally, in addition to economic losses, bTB is imposing considerable costs on the personal well-being of many farm households and also raises profound livestock welfare issues.
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ITS IMPACT ON AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: FINDINGS OF A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN CENTRAL, EASTERN AND SOUTHERN EUROPE
Creators: name: Wolz, Axel
name: Buchenrieder, Gertrud
name: Markus, Richard
name: Wolz, Axel
name: Buchenrieder, Gertrud
name: Markus, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Political Economy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Renewable energy
subject: comparative survey
subject: agricultural and rural development
subject: New members states of the EU
subject: candidate and potential candidate countries.

description: Rising energy prices for fossil fuels, the unreliable supply of energy imports during the last winters and – concerning the 12 new members states (NMS) – the demand by the European Union (EU) for developing National Renewable Energy Action Plans have stimulated the national discussion and political action on renewable energy (RE) among all European countries. Particularly among the 12 NMS the share of RE has increased during the last years. Among the candidate and potential candidate countries (CC and PCC) the discussion on RE has just started. When looking at the impact of RE on agricultural and rural development the effects are relatively small. An expansion of rape seed cultivation and, to a smaller extent, of the production of wood pellets could be observed. But overall the impact of RE on agricultural and rural income and employment seems to be marginal up to now. Whether it will be so in the future, depends on national policies and support programme as none of the various types of RE is competitive to fossil fuels for the time being.
Inadequate realities: a social-constructionist perspective on Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu’s fictional communities in times of socio-political and material revolution
Creators: name: Aldrich O’Rourke, Sean
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 470307
subject: English language

description: I apply a social-constructionist framework to the short fiction and novels of Irish Gothicist Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu that were published from 1860 to 1873. Though social-constructionist theory postdates Le Fanu, his rendering of communal reality-creation follows many of its central tenets by portraying reality as unfixed and consisting of constructed, shared understandings of the world. Through depicting reality as constructed, his texts critique ineffective and oppressive ways of maintaining sociopolitical and material frameworks in times of threatened radical change. They also prompt readers to seek more just, effective frameworks.I define reality as communally built sets of rules, or paradigms, with which a community articulates what is real and acceptable or unreal and unacceptable. Le Fanu’s characters construct their reality through interactions within their communities, steadily reinforcing hegemonic social norms and paradigms for categorising the material world. Further, Le Fanu portrays them struggling with materially unreal and socially unacceptable forces: ghosts, vampires, and other subversive figures who challenge the coherence of realities, threatening to destroy or replace them. As a result, readers and characters can be displaced from communities’ ineffective realities.Le Fanu experienced the actual decline of established sociopolitical and scientific paradigms. This Victorian Irish context informs his late fiction’s focus on how realities are built and deteriorated. Further, Le Fanu immerses readers in the world of his texts, making readers an imaginative part of the creation and deterioration of realities. By simulating an experience of one’s reality decaying, rather than using his works to allegorise Irish politics, Le Fanu delivers his social critiques on an affective level.My approach adds to Le Fanu studies and Irish Gothic scholarship more broadly. Through analysing Le Fanu’s depiction of reality construction in moments of threatened change, I demonstrate a novel methodology for revealing crucial, affective Irish-literary perspectives on such moments.
EMBEDDED INSTITUTIONS AND THE PERSISTENCE OF LARGE FARMS IN RUSSIA
Creators: name: Koester, Ulrich
name: Petrick, Martin
name: Koester, Ulrich
name: Petrick, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Embedded institutions
subject: agricultural transition
subject: farm restructuring
subject: agroholdings
subject: Russia.

description: Differences in farm structures between Russia and western market economies can hardly be made consistent with the neoclassical textbook idea of a technologically determined farm size operating in a perfect market environment. The main aim of the paper is to identify embedded institutions that provide an explanation for the persistent differences. It is shown that these institutions vary widely across countries. We argue that the historical contingency of a patrimonial society that is both hierarchical and egalitarian also has an important bearing on the current persistence of large farming structures in Russia. The cultural beliefs based on this contingency explain the relative absence of entrepreneurial attitude in the rural society, the lack of trust in formal transactions with strangers, and the unwillingness to deviate from collective behaviour. Managers of former collective farms together with regional government authorities had strong incentives to secure their status-quo rents by inhibiting individualisation in agriculture. In addition, based on their ideological background in communism and their lifelong experience, many of them simply could not imagine how food security and social safety in the countryside should be provided without large farms. It is argued that the evolution of super-large farms could only arise because cooperative and corporate farms survived up to bankruptcy and because embedded institutions impeded the foundation of family farms. Mental models of policy makers did contribute to the amalgamation of corporations and cooperatives into super-large farms. The paper ends with an evaluation from the economic point of view of the existence of super-large farms and with a projection of what may happen in the future.
Development of a high-resolution array of chromosome 1p and its application to the identification of genetic alterations in cancer
Creators: name: Henderson, Laura-Jane Walker
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Genetic alterations such as deletions, amplifications, and translocations occurring on human chromosome arm 1p are common in many types of cancer, including lung, head and neck, breast, neuroblasotma and colorectal. Current methods for mapping alterations, including loss of heterozygosity, comparative genomic hybridization, and fluorescence in situ hybridization are limited by low resolution, and inaccurately mapped markers and probes that are insufficient in number. Mapping using currently available markers leads to the identification of chromosomal regions too large for easy definition of candidate genes. Very few sub-megabase regions have been detected using conventional means, and doing so is very labour intensive. Developing resources such as array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) can facilitate fine mapping of genetic alterations on this chromosome arm. This approach will accelerate the discovery of tumour suppressors and oncogenes by identifying small altered regions. We have constructed an array of 642 ordered and fingerprint-verified bacterial artificial chromosome clones mapped to chromosome arm 1p, from 1p11.2-p36.33, covering approximately 120 megabases of the human genome. This array was applied by the use of aCGH to the investigation of DNA copy number alterations on 1p in 15 small cell lung cancer cell lines. Two regions of recurrent amplification, at 1p34.2-p34.3 and at 1p11.2, were detected in at least 50% of the samples. The regions were 580 Kb and 270 Kb in size, respectively. This study has demonstrated the power of high resolution aCGH to detect small regions of alteration and that these small regions are recurrent on the l p arm. The genes implicated in these regions will be investigated for their potential roles in cancer and the aCGH technique will be further applied to investigation of the whole human genome.
Large $N_f$ for multiple representations
Creators: name: Cacciapaglia, Giacomo
name: Vatani, Shahram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extension of the large $N_f$ formalism that allows to study cases with multiple fermion representations. The pole structure in the beta function is traced back to the intrinsic non-abelian nature of the gauge group, independently on the fermion representation. This result validates the conjectured existence of an interactive UV fixed point for non-abelian gauge theories with large fermion multiplicity. Finally, we apply our results to chiral gauge theories and to extended Grand Unified Theories.
description: 14 pages, no figures
PASTORALISTS NON‐RESPONSIVENESS TO LIVESTOCK MARKETS IN EAST POKOT, KENYA
Creators: name: Vincent, Ng’eno
name: Korir, M.K.
name: Nyangweso, P.M.
name: Kipsat, Mary J.
name: Lagat, B.K.
name: Vincent, Ng’eno
name: Korir, M.K.
name: Nyangweso, P.M.
name: Kipsat, Mary J.
name: Lagat, B.K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: pastoralists
subject: livestock markets
subject: market participation
subject: east Pokot
subject: Kenya

description: One of the major challenges facing the state‐owned Kenya Meat Commission (KMC) in Kenya has been the inadequate supply of quality live animals for meat processing. It has been observed that the live animal throughput is inadequate and, as a result the existing meat processing facilities operate at less than 50% of their operational capacities. This has increased the fixed costs of operation thereby decreasing the export abattoirs competitiveness in the domestic and export markets. Overcoming the constraint of supply shortage of quality live animals requires, among other things, understanding the livestock producers’ marketing behaviour. This study was conducted with the main objective to assess the determinants of market off‐take rates for cattle and shoats in the pastoral areas of East Pokot District, Kenya. The multinomial logit model was used for econometric analyses using both primary and secondary data obtained from different sources covering the pastoral areas of Kenya. It was observed that in general, many pastoralists do not participate in the livestock market. Furthermore, for those pastoralists who participate in the market, the size of transaction (sale or purchase of cattle or shoats) was found to be very small. The implication of limited market participation is that under the production and marketing conditions, livestock production systems do not provide regular and adequate market supply of quality live animals at competitive prices, which adversely affect the efficient utilization of meat processing capacity and hence their competitiveness in the domestic and export markets.
Toward a more economical cluster state quantum computation
Creators: name: Tame, M. S.
name: Paternostro, M.
name: Kim, M. S.
name: Vedral, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assess the effects of an intrinsic model for imperfections in cluster states by introducing {\it noisy cluster states} and characterizing their role in the one-way model for quantum computation. The action of individual dephasing channels on cluster qubits is also studied. We show that the effect of non-idealities is limited by using small clusters, which requires compact schemes for computation. In light of this, we address an experimentally realizable four-qubit linear cluster which simulates a controlled-{\sf NOT} ({\sf CNOT}).
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX4; proposal for experimental setup included