cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Possible planet-forming regions on submillimetre images
Creators: name: Regaly, Zs.
name: Juhasz, A.
name: Sandor, Zs.
name: Dullemond, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Submillimetre images of transition discs are expected to reflect the distribution of the optically thin dust. Former observation of three transition discs LkHa330, SR21N, and HD1353444B at submillimetre wavelengths revealed images which cannot be modelled by a simple axisymmetric disc. We show that a large-scale anticyclonic vortex that develops where the viscosity has a large gradient (e.g., at the edge of the disc dead zone), might be accountable for these large-scale asymmetries. We modelled the long-term evolution of vortices being triggered by the Rossby wave instability. We found that a horseshoe-shaped (azimuthal wavenumber m=1) large-scale vortex forms by coalescing of smaller vortices within 5x10^4 yr, and can survive on the disc life-time (~5x10^6 yr), depending on the magnitude of global viscosity and the thickness of the viscosity gradient. The two-dimensional grid-based global disc simulations with local isothermal approximation and compressible-gas model have been done by the GPU version of hydrodynamic code FARGO (GFARGO). To calculate the dust continuum image at submillimetre wavelengths, we combined our hydrodynamical results with a 3D radiative transfer code. By the striking similarities of the calculated and observed submillimetre images, we suggest that the three transition discs can be modelled by a disc possessing a large-scale vortex formed near the disc dead zone edge. Since the larger dust grains (larger than mm in size) are collected in these vortices, the non-axisymmetric submillimetre images of the above transition discs might be interpreted as active planet and planetesimal forming regions situated far (> 50 AU) from the central stars.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: CANCER PATIENTS’ TOBACCO USE AND TOBACCO TREATMENT REFERRAL RESPONSE
title: IMPLEMENTATION OUTCOMES AT A NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE- DESIGNATED CANCER CENTER
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Borger, Tia
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Smoking after cancer diagnosis is linked to cancer-specific and all-cause mortality among other adverse outcomes. Yet, 10-20% of U.S. cancer survivors are current smokers. Implementation of evidence-based tobacco treatment in cancer care facilities is widely recommended, yet rarely accomplished. This study focuses on the early outcomes of a tobacco treatment program integrated within an NCI-designated cancer center. Participants consist of 26,365 patients seen at the cancer center during the first 18 months of implementation. The study is a retrospective chart review of patients’ tobacco use, and among current users, patients’ treatment referral response. Over 99% of patients were screened for tobacco use. Current use occurred in 21.05% of patients; cigarettes were the most popular product. Only 17.22% of current users accepted a referral for tobacco treatment; among the 76.59% of current users who declined, the majority were “not ready to quit” or wanted to quit “on their own”. Multiple demographic and clinical variables were associated with tobacco use and treatment referral response outcomes. Despite cancer diagnosis presenting a “teachable moment” for tobacco cessation, many cancer patients may not be ready to quit. Clinically proven strategies to increase motivation, prompt quit attempts and encourage treatment use are warranted in cancer settings.
description: © 2020 Tia Borger
Report on current farm demographics and trends for selected regions
Creators: name: Bilttebier, Jo
name: Coopmans, Isabeau
name: Appel, Franziska
name: Unay-Gailhard, Ilkay
name: Wauters, Erwin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Farm demographics concerns dynamics within the farmers’ population and the provision of labour to farming systems, capturing both labour directly employed by the farmers’ population and hired labour force. This work uses both quantitative and qualitative data to provide an overview of trends in demographic processes of European farming systems over the last decades. The ultimate goal of this report is to identify and evaluate measures which improve the resilience of farm demographics and facilitate entry into the sector, for both farms and labour.
description: EU; en; contact: erwin.wauters@ilvo.vlaanderen.be
Porosity, dimension, and local entropies: a survey
Creators: name: Shmerkin, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80, 28D20

description: Porosity and dimension are two useful, but different, concepts that quantify the size of fractal sets and measures. An active area of research concerns understanding the relationship between these two concepts. In this article we will survey the various notions of porosity of sets and measures that have been proposed, and how they relate to dimension. Along the way, we will introduce the idea of local entropy averages, which arose in a different context, and was then applied to obtain a bound for the dimension of mean porous measures.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure
Holographic Walking from Tachyon DBI
Creators: name: Kutasov, David
name: Lin, Jennifer
name: Parnachev, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use holography to study Conformal Phase Transitions, which are believed to be realized in four dimensional QCD and play an important role in walking technicolor models of electroweak symmetry breaking. At strong coupling they can be modeled by the non-linear dynamics of a tachyonic scalar field with mass close to the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound in anti de Sitter spacetime. Taking the action for this field to have a Tachyon-Dirac-Born-Infeld form gives rise to models that resemble hard and soft wall AdS/QCD, with a dynamically generated wall. For hard wall models, the highly excited spectrum has the KK form m_n ~ n; in the soft wall case we exhibit potentials with m_n ~ n^α, 0
description: 48 pages; v2: references added
Education Needs Assessment for the City of Kumasi, Ghana
Creators: name: Maoulidi, Moumie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Africans
Education
Regional planning

description: This needs assessment presents the financial, human resources and infrastructure requirements needed to provide universal primary education to all children in the city of Kumasi, Ghana. It also addresses some of the challenges facing pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary institutions, as well as the informal education sector. The latest available data show that, in terms of primary school enrollment and completion, Kumasi is doing relatively well. Gross enrollment rates (GER) improved from 71 to 85 percent between 2001 and 2008. Primary school completion rates (PCR) are also improving. In 2008/09, 84 percent of students completed primary school, as compared to a national average of 78 percent. Yet, while gender parity has almost been attained in terms of enrollment, there is still a gap in terms of completion, with 87 percent of boys completing the primary school cycle in 2008 as against 81 percent for girls.
Comparing Speed of Provider Data Entry: Electronic Versus Paper Methods
Creators: name: Jackson, Kevin M.
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Wong, Lyndon
name: Rabinowitz, Daniel
name: Chiang, Michael F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: Electronic health record (EHR) systems have significant potential advantages over traditional paper-based systems, but they require that providers assume responsibility for data entry. One significant barrier to adoption of EHRs is the perception of slowed data-entry by providers. This study compares the speed of data-entry using computer-based templates vs. paper for a large eye clinic, using 10 subjects and 10 simulated clinical scenarios. Dataentry into the EHR was significantly slower (p<0.01) than traditional paper forms.
Evaluation of a partially stratified charge insert in a natural gas engine
Creators: name: Logan, Jean-Michel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Partially Stratified Charge (PSC) technology is one of many ideas that can be used to extend the lean limit of operation. It is accomplished by introducing a small quantity of pure natural gas, usually on the order of 5% of weight or less of the overall fuel quantity, in the local area of the spark plug electrode, whereas the rest of the mixture in the combustion cylinder is homogenous and very lean. This creates opportunity for more stable ignition, which in turn increases the likelihood of flame propagation throughout the combustion cylinder. The PSC insert technology herein requires neither engine nor spark plug modification, as the insert itself provides the passageway to move natural gas from the injector to the spark plug electrode. 2 different PSC inserts and corresponding spark plug sizes were tested, one accepting an 8mm spark plug with different injection configurations possible, and one accepting a 14mm spark plug with only injections aimed directly at the spark plug gap possible. It was demonstrated that PSC insert technology can successfully extend the lean limit of operation with both spark plug sizes. It was also demonstrated that different injection patterns and electrode offsets can be more beneficial than others. Using the herein defined homogenous lean limit cut off range of 5% coefficient of variation, an 8mm spark plug using an injection pattern creating more "swirl" in the local area and offset slightly from the electrode is able to decrease the created nitrous oxide emissions by up to 71% at 2500rpm, and an extended lean limit of lambda = 1.67 at 2000rpm versus the homogenous limit of 1.47. This same PSC geometry also increased brake mean effective pressures by up to 9.7%. The PSC insert using a 14mm spark plug achieved an extended lean limit of lambda = 1.71 at 2000rpm versus the homogenous limit of 1.56, brake specific fuel consumption improvements of 4%, and brake mean effective pressure improvements of up to 4%. At the extended relative air-fuel ratio, nitrous oxide values were higher than, but still very close to, the homogenous lean limit values.
Aquatic Symbiosis Genomics Project authorship
Creators: name: Tree Of Life
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The individuals listed in this document, representing their Hub teams and their participating institutions, are the key people leading and delivering the Moore Foundation - Wellcome Sanger Institute Aquatic Symbiosis Genomics (ASG) project. For full details of the ASG project please see https://www.sanger.ac.uk/collaboration/aquatic-symbiosis-genomics-project/.
Design, Implementation, and Validation of a New Class of Interface Circuits for Latency-Insensitive Design
Creators: name: Li, Cheng-Hong
name: Collins, Rebecca L.
name: Sonalkar, Sampada
name: Carloni, Luca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: With the arrival of nanometer technologies wire delays are no longer negligible with respect to gate delays, and timing-closure becomes a major challenge to System-on-Chip designers. Latency-insensitive design (LID) has been proposed as a 'correct-by-construction' design methodology to cope with this problem. In this paper we present the design and implementation of a new and more efficient class of interface circuits to support LID. Our design offers substantial improvements in terms of logic delay over the design originally proposed by Carloni et al. [1] as well as in terms of both logic delay and processing throughput over the synchronous elastic architecture (SELF) recently proposed by Cortadella et al. [2]. These claims are supported by the experimental results that we obtained completing semi-custom implementations of the three designs with a 90nm industrial standard-cell library. We also report on the formal verification of our design: using the NuSMV model checker we verified that the RTL synthesizable implementations of our LID interface circuits (relay stations and shells) are correct refinements of the corresponding abstract specifications according to the theory of LID [3].
Generalized laws of reflection and refraction from transformation optics
Creators: name: Xu, Yadong
name: Yao, Kan
name: Chen, Huanyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on transformation optics, we introduce another set of generalized laws of reflection and refraction (differs from that of [Science 334, 333 (2011)]), through which a transformation media slab is derived as a meta-surface, producing anomalous reflection and refraction for all polarizations of incident light.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Colorado water, August 1999
Creators: name: Bartecchi, Dave
name: Miller, Jamie
name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center at Colorado State University.
Russian multinationals continue their outward expansion in spite of the global crisis
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Alexei
name: Chetverikova, Anna
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Business
Finance

description: The Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, and the Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment (VCC), a joint undertaking of the Columbia Law School and the Earth Institute at Columbia University in New York, are releasing the results of their survey of Russian outward investors. The survey is part of a long-term study of the rapid global expansion of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging markets. The present survey, conducted in 2009, covers the period 2006-2008.
Investigation of the photosensitivity, temperature sustainability and fluorescence characteristics of several Er-doped photosensitive fibers
Creators: name: Shen, Y. H.
name: Pal, S.
name: Mandal, J.
name: Sun, T.
name: Grattan, K. T. V.
name: Wade, S. A.
name: Collins, Stephen F.
name: Baxter, Gregory W.
name: Dussardier, Bernard
name: Monnom, Gérard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three different types of Er doped photosensitive fibers, germanium/erbium (Ge/Er) fiber, tin/germanium/erbium fiber (Sn/Er) and antimony/germanium/erbium fiber (Sb/Er) have been manufactured and studied for use in optical sensor systems. Their characteristics of photosensitivity, the temperature sustainability of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) written into these fibers and the fluorescence emission from the Er dopant were investigated and compared. It has been shown in this work that these fibers all show a satisfactory degree of photosensitivity to enable the fabrication of FBGs and a significant level of fluorescence emission within the 1550 nm band for sensor use. The high temperature sustainability of the FBGs written into these fibers was investigated and seen to be quite significant at temperatures as high as 850 ^{\circ}C, in particular for the Sn/Er and Sb/Er fibers. A fiber laser using the Sb/Er fiber as the gain medium was demonstrated, giving evidence of the strong fluorescence emission from the Er dopant. These fibers are all suitable for use in a variety of sensing applications for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain by means of monitoring both the fluorescence characteristics and the peak wavelength shift of the FBGs formed in fiber laser sensor application.
Introducing the Library of Guidance for Health Scientists (LIGHTS) : a living database for methods guidance
Creators: name: Hirt, Julian
name: [Und Viele Weitere]
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: IMPORTANCE: Improvingmethodological quality is a priority in the health research community. Finding appropriate methods guidance can be challenging due to heterogeneous terminology, poor indexing in medical databases, and variation in formats. The Library of Guidance for Health Scientists (LIGHTS) is a new searchable database formethods guidance articles. OBSERVATIONS: Journal articles that aim to provide guidance for performing (including planning, design, conduct, analysis, and interpretation), reporting, and assessing the quality of health-related research involving humans or human populations (ie, excluding basic and animal research) are eligible for LIGHTS. A team of health researchers, information specialists, and methodologists continuously identifies and manually indexes eligible guidance documents. The search strategy includes focused searches of specific journals, specialized databases, and suggestions from researchers. A current limitation is that a keyword-based search of MEDLINE (and other general databases) and manual screening of records were not feasible because of the large number of hits (n = 915 523). As of September 20, 2022, LIGHTS included 1246 articles (336 reporting guidelines, 80 quality assessment tools, and 830 other methods guidance articles). The LIGHTS website provides a user-oriented search interface including filters for study type, specific methodological topic, research context, guidance type, and development process of the guidance. Automated matching of alternativemethodological expressions (eg, enter loss to follow-up and find articles indexed with missing data) enhances search queries. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: LIGHTS is a peer-supported initiative that is intended to increase access to and use of methods guidance relevant to health researchers, statisticians, methods consultants, methods developers, ethics boards, peer reviewers, journal editors, and funding bodies.
Privacy-Enhanced Searches Using Encrypted Bloom Filters
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Cheswick, William R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: It is often necessary for two or more or more parties that do not fully trust each other to share data selectively. For example, one intelligence agency might be willing to turn over certain documents to another such agency, but only if the second agency requests the specific documents. The problem, of course, is finding out that such documents exist when access to the database is restricted. We propose a search scheme based on Bloom filters and group ciphers such as Pohlig-Hellman encryption. A semi-trusted third party can transform one party's search queries to a form suitable for querying the other party's database, in such a way that neither the third party nor the database owner can see the original query. Furthermore, the encryption keys used to construct the Bloom filters are not shared with this third party. Multiple providers and queries are supported; provision can be made for third-party "warrant servers", as well as "censorship sets" that limit the data to be shared.
Predictive Discrete Dark Matter Model
Creators: name: Boucenna, M. S.
name: Morisi, S.
name: Peinado, E.
name: Shimizu, Y.
name: Valle, J. W. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark Matter stability can be achieved through a partial breaking of a flavor symmetry. In this framework we propose a type-II seesaw model where left-handed matter transforms nontrivially under the flavor group Delta(54), providing correlations between neutrino oscillation parameters, consistent with the recent Daya-Bay and RENO reactor angle measurements, as well as lower bounds for neutrinoless double beta decay. The dark matter phenomenology is provided by a Higgs-portal.
description: v1: 4 pages, 2 figures. v2: The discussion is extended to the NH case, 1 additional figure
Lifshitz theories with extra dimensions and 3+1-d Lorentz invariance
Creators: name: He, Xiao-Gang
name: Law, Sandy S. C.
name: Volkas, Raymond R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct Lifshitz scalar field theories in 4+1 dimensions which retain 3+1-d Lorentz invariance and therefore ensure a unique limiting speed in the 3+1-d world. Such a construction is potentially useful in developing field-theoretic ultraviolet completions of extra-dimensional field theories. The extra dimension y is treated asymmetrically from the usual three spatial dimensions by introducing derivatives of order 2n with respect to y in the action. We show that lambda phi^4 theory becomes progressively less non-renormalisable by power counting as n is increased. This suggests that the non-local theory obtained in the infinite-n limit may be complete in the ultraviolet.
description: 10 pages; added reference and discussion, this version to appear in PRD
A Recursive Data-Driven Approach to Programming Multicore Systems
Creators: name: Collins, Rebecca L.
name: Carloni, Luca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: In this paper, we propose a method to program divide-and-conquer problems on multicore systems that is based on a data-driven recursive programming model. Data intensive programs are difficult to program on multicore architectures because they require efficient utilization of inter-core communication. Models for programming multicore systems available today generally lack the ability to automatically extract concurrency from a sequential style program and map concurrent tasks to efficiently leverage data and temporal locality. For divide-and-conquer algorithms, a recursive programming model can address both of these problems. Furthermore, since a recursive function has the same behavior patterns at all granularities of a problem, the same recursive model can be used to implement a multicore program at all of its levels: 1. the operations of a single core, 2. how to distribute tasks among several cores, and 3. in what order to schedule tasks on a multicore system when it is not possible to schedule all of the tasks at the same time. We present a novel selective execution technique that can enable automatic parallelization and task mapping of a recursive program onto a multicore system. To verify the practicality of this approach, we perform a case-study of bitonic sort on the Cell BE processor.
Investigation of Io's Auroral Hiss Emissions Due To Its Motion in Jupiter's Magnetosphere
Creators: name: Moghimi, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The left-hand side of the auroral hiss emission observed by Galileo has a frequency time shaped very similar to the funnel shape observed in the earth's auroral region. This close similarity indicates that we can use the whistler-mode propagation near resonance cone to locate the emission source. In this paper the general characteristic of the whistler mode are discussed. Then the position of the emission source has been investigated using a geometry method that takes into account the Galileo's trajectory. Initially it is assumed the source is a point. Then the possibility of sheet source aligned along the magnetic field lines which are tangent to the surface of Io is investigated. Both of two types of sources show that the whistler mode radiation originates very close to the surface of the Io.
One Server Per City: Using TCP for Very Large SIP Servers
Creators: name: Ono, Kumiko
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: The transport protocol for SIP can be chosen based on the requirements of services and network conditions. How does the choice of TCP affect the scalability and performance compared to UDP? We experimentally analyze the impact of using TCP as a transport protocol for a SIP server. We first investigate scalability of a TCP echo server, then compare performance of a SIP server for three TCP connection lifetimes: transaction, dialog, and persistent. Our results show that a Linux machine can establish 450,000+ TCP connections and maintaining connections does not affect the transaction response time. Additionally, the transaction response times using the three TCP connection lifetimes and UDP show no significant difference at 2,500 registration requests/second and at 500 call requests/second. However, sustainable request rate is lower for TCP than for UDP, since using TCP requires more message processing. More message processing causes longer delays at the thread queue for the server implementing a thread-pool model. Finally, we suggest how to reduce the impact of TCP for a scalable SIP server especially under overload control. This is applicable to other servers with very large connection counts.
Using Metamorphic Testing at Runtime to Detect Defects in Applications without Test Oracles
Creators: name: Murphy, Christian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: First, we will present an approach called Automated Metamorphic System Testing. This will involve automating system-level metamorphic testing by treating the application as a black box and checking that the metamorphic properties of the entire application hold after execution. This will allow for metamorphic testing to be conducted in the production environment without affecting the user, and will not require the tester to have access to the source code. The tests do not require an oracle upon their creation; rather, the metamorphic properties act as built-in test oracles. We will also introduce an implementation framework called Amsterdam. Second, we will present a new type of testing called Metamorphic Runtime Checking. This involves the execution of metamorphic tests from within the application, i.e., the application launches its own tests, within its current context. The tests execute within the application's current state, and in particular check a function's metamorphic properties. We will also present a system called Columbus that supports the execution of the Metamorphic Runtime Checking from within the context of the running application. Like Amsterdam, it will conduct the tests with acceptable performance overhead, and will ensure that the execution of the tests does not affect the state of the original application process from the users' perspective; however, the implementation of Columbus will be more challenging in that it will require more sophisticated mechanisms for conducting the tests without pre-empting the rest of the application, and for comparing the results which may conceivably be in different processes or environments. Third, we will describe a set of metamorphic testing guidelines that can be followed to assist in the formulation and specification of metamorphic properties that can be used with the above approaches. These will categorize the different types of properties exhibited by many applications in the domain of machine learning and data mining in particular (as a result of the types of applications we will investigate), but we will demonstrate that they are also generalizable to other domains as well. This set of guidelines will also correlate to the different types of defects that we expect the approaches will be able to find.
Application Layer Feedback-based SIP Server Overload Control
Creators: name: Shen, Charles
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
name: Nahum, Erich
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: A SIP server may be overloaded by emergency-induced call volume, "American Idol" style flash crowd effects or denial of service attacks. The SIP server overload problem is interesting especially because the costs of serving or rejecting a SIP session can be similar. For this reason, the built-in SIP overload control mechanism based on generating rejection messages cannot prevent the server from entering congestion collapse under heavy load. The SIP overload problem calls for a pushback control solution in which the potentially overloaded receiving server may notify its upstream sending servers to have them send only the amount of load within the receiving server's processing capacity. The pushback framework can be achieved by either a rate-based feedback or a window-based feedback. The centerpiece of the feedback mechanism is the algorithm used to generate load regulation information. We propose three new window-based feedback algorithms and evaluate them together with two existing rate-based feedback algorithms. We compare the different algorithms in terms of the number of tuning parameters and performance under both steady and variable load. Furthermore, we identify two categories of fairness requirements for SIP overload control, namely, user-centric and provider-centric fairness. With the introduction of a new double-feed SIP overload control architecture, we show how the algorithms meet those fairness criteria.
Colorado water, April/May 2011
Creators: name: Knebel, Lindsey A.
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the state's research universities.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center of Colorado State University. Theme: Student research.
The Impact of SCTP on Server Scalability and Performance
Creators: name: Ono, Kumiko
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a newer transport protocol, having additional features to TCP. Although SCTP is an alternative transport protocol for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), we do not know how SCTP features influence SIP server scalability and performance. To estimate this, we measured the scalability and performance of two servers, an echo server and a simplified SIP server on Linux, comparing to TCP. Our measurements found that using SCTP does not significantly affect on data latency: approximately 0.3 ms longer for the handshake than that for TCP. However, server scalability in terms of the number of sustainable associations drops to 17-21%, or to 43% of TCP if we adjust the acceptable gap size of unordered data delivery.
Balkan rats and Balkan bats: the art of managing Canada's media during the Kosovo air war
Creators: name: Bergen, Robert W.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2005

description: Bibliography: p. 415-431
description: The competing interests of a conservative military given to secrecy in the interests of operational security and a liberal news media given to openness set the stage for predictable conflict during armed conflict. The emergence of the modem day news media as an environmental element Canadian military commanders must manage in the interest of operational security raises the question of whether the news media are able to provide independent oversight of the Canadian Forces' application of military skill in combat. Many factors come into play when commanders make operational security decisions regarding the news media including threat assessments and accumulated wisdom from previous combat operations. Careful consideration is also given to the tactical and strategic effects news reports may have on the operation including safety and security of the mission, the safety of military families at home, mission focus and morale. Whether the Canadian Forces management of the news media during the Kosovo aerial bombing campaign allowed an adequate opportunity for the English-language news media to provide Canadians with sufficient information to make informed judgments about the Canadian military's prosecution of the air war is the issue under examination.
Leveraging Local Intra-Core Information to Increase Global Performance in Block-Based Design of Systems-on-Chip
Creators: name: Li, Cheng-Hong
name: Carloni, Luca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Latency-insensitive design is a methodology for system-on-chip (SoC) design that simplifies the reuse of intellectual property cores and the implementation of the communication among them. This simplification is based on a system-level protocol that decouples the intra-core logic design from the design of the inter-core communication channels. Each core is encapsulated within a shell, a synthesized logic block that dynamically controls its operation to interface it with the rest of the SoC and to absorb any latency variations on its I/O signals. In particular, a shell stalls a core whenever new valid data are not available on the input channels or a down-link core has requested a delay in the data production on the output channels. We study how knowledge about the internal logic structure of a core can be applied to the design of its shell to improve the overall system-level performance by avoiding unnecessary local stalling. We introduce the notion of functional independence conditions (FIC) and present a novel circuit design of a generic shell template that can leverage FIC. We propose a procedure for the logic synthesis of a FIC-shell instance that is only based on the analysis of the intra-core logic and does not require any input from the designers. Finally, we present a comprehensive experimental analysis that shows the performance benefits and limited design overhead of the proposed technique. This includes the semi-custom design of an SoC, an ultra-wideband baseband transmitter, using a 90nm industrial standard cell library.
Using Runtime Testing to Detect Defects in Applications without Test Oracles
Creators: name: Murphy, Christian
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: It is typically infeasible to test a large, complex software system in all its possible configurations and system states prior to deployment. Moreover, some such applications have no test oracles to indicate their correctness. In my thesis, we will address these problems in two ways. First, we suggest that executing tests within the context of an application running in the field can reveal defects that would not ordinarily otherwise be found. Second, we believe that this approach can further be extended to applications for which there is no test oracle by using a variant of metamorphic testing at runtime.
Optimizing Frequency Queries for Data Mining Applications
Creators: name: Malik, Hassan H.
name: Kender, John R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: Data mining algorithms use various Trie and bitmap-based representations to optimize the support (i.e., frequency) counting performance. In this paper, we compare the memory requirements and support counting performance of FP Tree, and Compressed Patricia Trie against several novel variants of vertical bit vectors. First, borrowing ideas from the VLDB domain, we compress vertical bit vectors using WAH encoding. Second, we evaluate the Gray code rank-based transaction reordering scheme, and show that in practice, simple lexicographic ordering, obtained by applying LSB Radix sort, outperforms this scheme. Led by these results, we propose HDO, a novel Hamming-distance-based greedy transaction reordering scheme, and aHDO, a linear-time approximation to HDO. We present results of experiments performed on 15 common datasets with varying degrees of sparseness, and show that HDO- reordered, WAH encoded bit vectors can take as little as 5% of the uncompressed space, while aHDO achieves similar compression on sparse datasets. Finally, with results from over a billion database and data mining style frequency query executions, we show that bitmap-based approaches result in up to hundreds of times faster support counting, and HDO-WAH encoded bitmaps offer the best space-time tradeoff.
Dynamics of the Innermost Accretion Flows Around Compact Objects: Magnetosphere-Disc Interface, Global Oscillations and Instabilities
Creators: name: Fu, Wen
name: Lai, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study global non-axisymmetric oscillation modes and instabilities in magnetosphere- disc systems, as expected in neutron star X-ray binaries and possibly also in accreting black hole systems. Our two-dimensional magnetosphere-disc model consists of a Keplerian disc in contact with an uniformly rotating magnetosphere with low plasma density. Two types of global overstable modes exist in such systems, the interface modes and the disc inertial-acoustic modes. We examine various physical effects and parameters that influence the properties of these oscillation modes, particularly their growth rates, including the magnetosphere field configuration, the velocity and density contrasts across the magnetosphere-disc interface, the rotation profile (with Newtonian or General Relativistic potential), the sound speed and magnetic field of the disc. The interface modes are driven unstable by Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz in- stabilities, but can be stabilized by the toroidal field (through magnetic tension) and disc differential rotation (through finite vorticity). General relativity increases their growth rates by modifying the disc vorticity outside the magnetosphere boundary. The interface modes may also be affected by wave absorption associated with corotation resonance in the disc. In the presence of a magnetosphere, the inertial-acoustic modes are effectively trapped at the innermost region of the relativistic disc just outside the interface. They are driven unstable by wave absorption at the corotation resonance, but can be stabilized by modest disc magnetic fields. The overstable oscillation modes studied in this paper have characteristic properties that make them possible candidates for the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in X-ray binaries.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, MNRAS accepted
Probing the origin of VHE emission from M 87 with MWL observations in 2010
Creators: name: Raue, Martin
name: Stawarz, Lukasz
name: Mazin, Daniel
name: Colin, Pierre
name: Hui, Michelle
name: Beilicke, Matthias
name: Walker, Craig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large majority of extragalactic very high energy (VHE; E>100 GeV) sources belongs to the class of active galactic nuclei (AGN), in particular the BL Lac sub-class. AGNs are characterized by an extremely bright and compact emission region, powered by a super-massive black hole (SMBH) and an accretion disk, and relativistic outflows (jets) detected all across the electro-magnetic spectrum. In BL Lac sources the jet axis is oriented close to the line of sight, giving rise to a relativistic boosting of the emission. In radio galaxies, on the other hand, the jet makes a larger angle to the line of sight allowing to resolve the central core and the jet in great details. The giant radio galaxy M 87 with its proximity (1 6Mpc) and its very massive black hole ((3-6) x 10^9 M_solar) provides a unique laboratory to investigate VHE emission in such objects and thereby probe particle acceleration to relativistic energies near SMBH and in jets. M 87 has been established as a VHE emitter since 2005. The VHE emission displays strong variability on time-scales as short as a day. It has been subject of a large joint VHE and multi-wavelength (MWL) monitoring campaign in 2008, where a rise in the 43 GHz VLBA radio emission of the innermost region (core) was found to coincide with a flaring activity at VHE. This had been interpreted as a strong indication that the VHE emission is produced in the direct vicinity of the SMBH black hole. In 2010 again a flare at VHE was detected triggering further MWL observations with the VLBA, Chandra, and other instruments. At the same time M 87 was also observed with the Fermi-LAT telescope at GeV energies and the European VLBI Network (EVN). In this contribution preliminary results from the campaign will be presented.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, in the proceedings of the "International Workshop on Beamed and Unbeamed Gamma-Rays from Galaxies" 11-15 April 2011, Lapland Hotel Olos, Muonio, Finland, Journal of Physics: Conference Series Volume 355, 2012
Nonparametric regression with homogeneous group testing data
Creators: name: Delaigle, Aurore
name: Hall, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce new nonparametric predictors for homogeneous pooled data in the context of group testing for rare abnormalities and show that they achieve optimal rates of convergence. In particular, when the level of pooling is moderate, then despite the cost savings, the method enjoys the same convergence rate as in the case of no pooling. In the setting of "over-pooling" the convergence rate differs from that of an optimal estimator by no more than a logarithmic factor. Our approach improves on the random-pooling nonparametric predictor, which is currently the only nonparametric method available, unless there is no pooling, in which case the two approaches are identical.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOS952 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Colorado water, September/October 2018
Creators: name: Mokry, Melissa
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to highlighting water research and activities at CSU and throughout Colorado.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Center. Theme: Colorado Water Center projects.
Additional file 1 of Detecting the tipping points in a three-state model of complex diseases by temporal differential networks
Creators: name: Chen, Pei
name: Li, Yongjun
name: Liu, Xiaoping
name: Liu, Rui
name: Chen, Luonan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Detecting pre-disease states by temporal differential network.
Line Bundles and Curves on a del Pezzo Order
Creators: name: Lerner, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Orders on surfaces provide a rich source of examples of noncommutative surfaces. Other than some existence results, very little is known about the various moduli spaces that can be associated to them. Even fewer examples have been explicitly computed. In this paper we compute the Picard and Hilbert schemes of an order on the projective plane ramified on a union of two conics. Our main result is that, upon carefully selecting the right Chern classes, the Hilbert scheme is a ruled surface over a genus two curve. Furthermore, this genus two curve is, in itself, the Picard scheme of the order.
High Level Synthesis for Packet Processing Pipelines
Creators: name: Soviani, Cristian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: Packet processing is an essential function of state-of-the-art network routers and switches. Implementing packet processors in pipelined architectures is a well-known, established technique, albeit different approaches have been proposed. The design of packet processing pipelines is a delicate trade-off between the desire for abstract specifications, short development time, and design maintainability on one hand and very aggressive performance requirements on the other. This thesis proposes a coherent design flow for packet processing pipelines. Like the design process itself, I start by introducing a novel domain-specific language that provides a high-level specification of the pipeline. Next, I address synthesizing this model and calculating its worst-case throughput. Finally, I address some specific circuit optimization issues. I claim, based on experimental results, that my proposed technique can dramatically improve the design process of these pipelines, while the resulting performance matches the expectations of hand-crafted design. The considered pipelines exhibit a pseudo-linear topology, which can be too restrictive in the general case. However, especially due to its high performance, such an architecture may be suitable for applications outside packet processing, in which case some of my proposed techniques could be easily adapted. Since I ran my experiments on FPGAs, this work has an inherent bias towards that technology; however, most results are technology-independent.