Drosophila paramanni Grimaldi 2016, new species
Creators: name: Grimaldi, David A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Agaricales
Psathyrellaceae
Drosophila
Drosophila paramanni

description: Drosophila paramanni, new species   Figures 19D–F  
 DIAGNOSIS: Thorax length 0.92 mm, body light yellow overall (even abdomen and ocellar triangle); prescutellar seta ca. 0.54× length of posterior dorsocentral; aedeagus arched in lateral view, distiphallus with distinctive pair of large, ventral spines; tip of epandrial lobe pointed. Very similar to D. manni, except that paramanni has: longer, larger distiphallus (0.43× total aedeagus length, vs. 0.38×; W/L of distphallus 0.36 [vs. 0.46]); paraphysis longer, narrower (W/L 0.21, vs. 0.32); surstylus with 9 prensisetae (vs. 7), lateral surface entirely covered with microtrichia (vs. partly).   
DESCRIPTION: Male: Head: Frons uniform deep yellow; frontal index 1.14, top to bottom width ratio 1.76. Ocellar triangle almost at same level as rest of front, yellow (not brown) between ocelli; triangle with anterior corner ca. 0.5× length of front. Orbital setae bronzed (lighter in lateral views), or1:or3 ratio 1.00, or2:or1 ratio 0.47, postocellar setae 0.52× and ocellar setae 0.75× the frontal length, postocellar setae parallel or slightly convergent; bases of ocellar setae lying slightly outside of tangent between medial and lateral setae. Vibrissal index 0.43. Face same color as frons. Carina well developed, edge flattened, without sulcus, width of edge slightly less than that of pedicel. Cheek index about 0.10. Occiput largely deep yellow, except for infuscate brown area between occipital apodemes. Antenna slightly darker than front; pedicel with 3 strong setae on inner surface; arista with 4 dorsal and 2 ventral branches, plus small terminal fork. Proboscis and palp entirely light yellow; palpus with two subapical setae.  
Thorax length 0.92 mm. Scutum uniformly light yellow; 8 rows of acrostichals; 1 large pair of prescutellar setae, lengths 0.54× that of posterior dorsocentral setae; setae lateral to prescutellars only slightly thicker than acrostichals (but not longer); h index 0.86. Transverse distance of dorsocentral setae 2.54× that of longitudinal distance. Scutellum same color as scutum; basal scutellars parallel; apical scutellars crossing at very tip; scut index 0.86. Pleura same hue of yellow as scutum, sterno index 0.72. Halter slightly lighter than rest of thorax. Legs slightly lighter than thoracic trunk.  
 Wing hyaline, veins dull yellowish, wing length 1.98 mm, length to width ratio 2.27. Indices: C, 2.27; ac, 2.47; hb, 0.59; 4-C, 0.96; 4V, 1.61; 5x, 1.36; M, 0.49. Vein C with 3–4 thicker spinules in Sc section; wing tip very slightly pointed, vein R 2+3 very slightly sinuous, not straight.   
Abdomen entirely light yellow, even posterior margins of tergites; completely lacking dark, infuscate markings.  
Male terminalia (fig. 19A): Epandrium with microtrichia, lacking setae except on ventral lobe of epandrium; ventral lobe with narrow tip (not rounded), lacking microtrichia but with ca. 6 setae. Cerci fused laterally to epandrium. Surstylus with microtrichia on entire lateral/outer surface, having mesal row of 9 large peglike prensisetae, plus 6–7 fine setae (several ventral ones slightly sclerotized). Subepandrial sclerite (not examined). Hypandrium trapezoidal in shape, slightly longer than broad (W/L 0.9), lateral margins straight, anterior edge almost straight. Postgonite slender, W/L 0.21, fused to hypandrium, with short, minute apical seta. Aedeagus fused to aedeagal apodeme, evenly arched in lateral view, aedeagal angle ca. 45°, shaft of aedeagus of moderate and even thickness throughout (length of shaft 7× the width). Distiphallus large in proportion to entire aedeagus, 0.43× total aedeagus length, in ventral view with narrow tip and parallel sides, base with pair of large spines; aedeagal apodeme relatively long, rudderlike.  
Female: Unknown.  
 TYPE: Holotype, ♂: “ COSTA RICA: Prov. San José. Moravia. Zurquí de Moravia, Tower path. 1600 m. 30 Mar.–6 ABR 2013, Proyecto ZADBI. Malaise trap #1, 0 m, ZADBI-647, -84:00:57 10:02:58 #106495/ ([bar code label] INBio 0004432774).” Type in good condition, with distal 2/3 of abdomen removed, genitalia dissected by D.A.G. (DBG 86) and stored in polypropylene microvial on same pin as specimen. In INBio.   
OTHER SPECIMENS: Paratype: 1♂ with same label data as holotype, (bar code label) INBio 0004424373 (dissected (DBG 87), stored in polypropylene microvial on same pin as specimen. In AMNH.  
 ETYMOLOGY: From Greek para, “next to,” and manni, in reference to the close resemblance between these two widely separated species.
description: Published as part of Grimaldi, David A., 2016, Revision of the Drosophila bromeliae Species Group (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Central American, Caribbean, and Andean Species, pp. 1-56 in American Museum Novitates 2016 (3859) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.1206/3859.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5368683