cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Centrality measures and thermodynamic formalism for complex networks
Creators: name: Delvenne, Jean-Charles
name: Libert, Anne-Sophie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the study of small and large networks it is customary to perform a simple random walk, where the random walker jumps from one node to one of its neighbours with uniform probability. The properties of this random walk are intimately related to the combinatorial properties of the network. In this paper we propose to use the Ruelle-Bowens random walk instead, whose probability transitions are chosen in order to maximise the entropy rate of the walk on an unweighted graph. If the graph is weighted, then a free energy is optimised instead of entropy rate. Specifically, we introduce a centrality measure for large networks, which is the stationary distribution attained by the the Ruelle-Bowens random walk; we name it Entropy Rank. We introduce a more general version, able to deal with disconnected networks, under the name of Free Energy Rank. We compare the properties of those centrality measures with the classic PageRank and HITS on both toy and real-life examples, in particular their robustness to small modifications of the network. It is observed that our centrality measures have a better discriminating power than PageRank, being able to distinguish clearly pages that PageRank holds for almost equally interesting, and is more sensitive to the medium-scale details of the graph.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted in 2010; change from v1: major (numerical experimentations, interpretation, comparison with other PageRank, etc.); change from v2: minor (typo)
Deliverable 8.3: EuroMix handbook for mixture risk assessment
Creators: name: Zilliacus, Johanna
name: Beronius, Anna
name: Hanberg, Annika
name: Luijten, Mirjam
name: van Klaveren, Jacob
name: van der Voet, Hilko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The EuroMix handbook for mixture risk assessment describes the methodology and tools for assessing risks of combined exposures to multiple substances developed by the EuroMix project. The handbook is consistent with and expands upon the recent documents on mixture risk assessment published by OECD and EFSA. The aim is to provide a practical handbook for harmonised application of the EuroMix outcome under consideration of EFSA and OECD guidance and not to repeat the basic principles and information provided in the documents from OECD and EFSA. The handbook contains concise descriptions of the methodology and tools developed in the EuroMix project. Annexes in the handbook provide detailed information, useful templates and illustrative examples. The mixture risk assessment can be performed using the web‐based EuroMix toolbox. The handbook refers to the toolbox but the aim of the handbook is not to provide a step‐by‐step manual for the toolbox. The EuroMix methodology focuses on component‐based mixture risk assessment where substances are grouped based on toxicological considerations. Toxicity and exposure information for each substance in the assessment group is used for estimation of the combined risk using the dose addition hypothesis and relative potency factors (RPFs). The exposure assessment of mixtures is based on probabilistic methodology considering the individual consumption and concentration data allowing estimation of different percentiles of exposure to the mixture. The focus is on dietary exposure but other exposure routes are also described. The EuroMix methodology is very flexible, enabling assessment of both data‐rich and data‐poor substances. The handbook and EuroMix toolbox can also be applied for substances grouped based on other than toxicological considerations, e.g. structure or exposure considerations. The handbook starts by introducing the EuroMix toolbox. Thereafter, the handbook describes the EuroMix methodology and tools for the key elements in the framework for mixture risk assessment: problem formulation, hazard assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterisation. Finally, general issues of tiering approaches and uncertainty analysis are described.
Penalized Distributed Lag Interaction Model: Air Pollution, Birth Weight and Neighborhood Vulnerability
Creators: name: Demateis, Danielle
name: Keller, Kayleigh P.
name: Rojas-Rueda, David
name: Kioumourtzoglou, Marianthi-Anna
name: Wilson, Ander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy has a substantial public health impact. Epidemiological evidence supports an association between maternal exposure to air pollution and low birth weight. A popular method to estimate this association while identifying windows of susceptibility is a distributed lag model (DLM), which regresses an outcome onto exposure history observed at multiple time points. However, the standard DLM framework does not allow for modification of the association between repeated measures of exposure and the outcome. We propose a distributed lag interaction model that allows modification of the exposure-time-response associations across individuals by including an interaction between a continuous modifying variable and the exposure history. Our model framework is an extension of a standard DLM that uses a cross-basis, or bi-dimensional function space, to simultaneously describe both the modification of the exposure-response relationship and the temporal structure of the exposure data. Through simulations, we showed that our model with penalization out-performs a standard DLM when the true exposure-time-response associations vary by a continuous variable. Using a Colorado, USA birth cohort, we estimated the association between birth weight and ambient fine particulate matter air pollution modified by an area-level metric of health and social adversities from Colorado EnviroScreen.
description: 41 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Reporting on existing Codes and Guidelines
Creators: name: Parder, Mari-Liisa
name: Juurik, Marten
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: ethics
integrity
philosophy
ethical frameworks

description: This deliverables studies the existing range of codes and guidelines on ethics and integrity across disciplines, the existing
 literature, codes and documentation - what is currently recognized as reference documentation on the topic, the different
 approaches, and existing good/best practices in place in the non-medical field. Existing codes and guidelines will be
 mapped, codifying the common elements (values, principles, standards) and conflicting values and standards will be
 explored, building upon work already done by e.g. Nathan Emmerich for AcSS Project; RESPECT; Kathinka Evers’ EU
 work on standards.
User Constructed Data Integration via Mixed Initiative Design
Creators: name: Tomasic, Anthony
name: Zimmerman, John
name: Hargraves, Ian
name: McMullen, Roderick
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Administrators frequently perform data integration “by hand” on the desktop as part of the execution of administrative tasks. This position paper discusses the application of mixed-initiative design to this problem. This design style leverages the interaction between a user and an intelligent assistant, minimizing the effort required to execute a task.
The flux homomorphism on closed hyperbolic surfaces and Anti-de Sitter three-dimensional geometry
Creators: name: Seppi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a smooth spacelike surface $Σ$ of negative curvature in Anti-de Sitter space of dimension 3, invariant by a representation $ρ:π_1(S)\to\mathrm{PSL}_2\mathbb{R}\times\mathrm{PSL}_2\mathbb{R}$ where $S$ is a closed oriented surface of genus $\geq 2$, a canonical construction associates to $Σ$ a diffeomorphism $ϕ_Σ$ of $S$. It turns out that $ϕ_Σ$ is a symplectomorphism for the area forms of the two hyperbolic metrics $h$ and $h'$ on $S$ induced by the action of $ρ$ on $\mathbb{H}^2\times\mathbb{H}^2$. Using an algebraic construction related to the flux homomorphism, we give a new proof of the fact that $ϕ_Σ$ is the composition of a Hamiltonian symplectomorphism of $(S,h)$ and the unique minimal Lagrangian diffeomorphism from $(S,h)$ to $(S,h')$.
description: 20 pages
Diffusion in the Continuous-Imaginary-Time Quantum World-Line Monte Carlo Simulations with Extended Ensembles
Creators: name: Harada, Kenji
name: Kuge, Yuto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of samples in the continuous-imaginary-time quantum world-line Monte Carlo simulations with extended ensembles are investigated. In the case of a conventional flat ensemble on the one-dimensional quantum S=1 bi-quadratic model, the asymmetric behavior of Monte Carlo samples appears in the diffusion process in the space of the number of vertices. We prove that a local diffusivity is asymptotically proportional to the number of vertices, and we demonstrate the asymmetric behavior in the flat ensemble case. On the basis of the asymptotic form, we propose the weight of an optimal ensemble as $1/\sqrt{n}$, where $n$ denotes the number of vertices in a sample. It is shown that the asymmetric behavior completely vanishes in the case of the proposed ensemble on the one-dimensional quantum S=1 bi-quadratic model.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, update a reference
Mass-Metallicity Relation from Cosmological Hydrodynamical Simulations and X-ray Observations of Galaxy Groups and Clusters
Creators: name: Truong, Nhut
name: Rasia, Elena
name: Biffi, Veronica
name: Mernier, François
name: Werner, Norbert
name: Gaspari, Massimo
name: Borgani, Stefano
name: Planelles, Susana
name: Fabjan, Dunja
name: Murante, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent X-ray observations of galaxy clusters show that the distribution of intra-cluster medium (ICM) metallicity is remarkably uniform in space and time. In this paper, we analyse a large sample of simulated objects, from poor groups to rich clusters, to study the dependence of the metallicity and related quantities on the mass of the systems. The simulations are performed with an improved version of the Smoothed-Particle-Hydrodynamics \texttt{GADGET-3} code and consider various astrophysical processes including radiative cooling, metal enrichment and feedback from stars and active galactic nuclei (AGN). The scaling between the metallicity and the temperature obtained in the simulations agrees well in trend and evolution with the observational results obtained from two data samples characterised by a wide range of masses and a large redshift coverage. We find that the iron abundance in the cluster core ($r<0.1R_{500}$) does not correlate with the temperature nor presents a significant evolution. The scale invariance is confirmed when the metallicity is related directly to the total mass. The slope of the best-fitting relations is shallow ($β\sim-0.1$) in the innermost regions ($r<0.5R_{500}$) and consistent with zero outside. We investigate the impact of the AGN feedback and find that it plays a key role in producing a constant value of the outskirts metallicity from groups to clusters. This finding additionally supports the picture of early enrichment.
description: MNRAS, accepted
ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ИНСПЕКТОРЛАРИНИНГ ФАОЛИЯТИ УСТИДАН ЖАМОАТЧИЛИК, ПАРЛАМЕНТ ВА ДЕПУТАТЛИК НАЗОРАТИ
Creators: name: Мустофақулов, Бобур
name: Турғунпўлатов, Авазбек
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ушбу мақолада ҳуқуқбузарликлар профилактикаси фаолияти устидан жамоатчилик, парламент ва депутатлик назоратининг самарали механизмлари, профилактика инспекторларини парламент жамоатчилик ва депутатлик назоратини амалга ошириш йўллари, халқаро тажриба, муаммо ва камчиликлар ҳамда уларнинг ечимлари юзасидан фикр ва мулоҳазалар ёритилган
Triggers for cooperative behavior in the thermodynamic limit: a case study in Public goods game
Creators: name: Benjamin, Colin
name: Sarkar, Shubhayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this work, we aim to answer the question: what triggers cooperative behavior in the thermodynamic limit by taking recourse to the Public goods game. Using the idea of mapping the 1D Ising model Hamiltonian with nearest neighbor coupling to payoffs in the game theory we calculate the Magnetisation of the game in the thermodynamic limit. We see a phase transition in the thermodynamic limit of the two player Public goods game. We observe that punishment acts as an external field for the two player Public goods game triggering cooperation or provide strategy, while cost can be a trigger for suppressing cooperation or free riding. Finally, reward also acts as a trigger for providing while the role of inverse temperature (fluctuations in choices) is to introduce randomness in strategic choices.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures
Quasilocal horizons in inhomogeneous cosmological models
Creators: name: Polášková, Eliška
name: Svítek, Otakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate quasilocal horizons in inhomogeneous cosmological models, specifically concentrating on the notion of a trapping horizon defined by Hayward as a hypersurface foliated by marginally trapped surfaces. We calculate and analyse these quasilocally defined horizons in two dynamical spacetimes used as inhomogeneous cosmological models with perfect fluid source of non-zero pressure. In the spherically symmetric Lemaître spacetime we discover that the horizons (future and past) are both null hypersurfaces provided that the Misner-Sharp mass is constant along the horizons. Under the same assumption we come to the conclusion that the matter on the horizons is of special characte - a perfect fluid with negative pressure. We also find out that they have locally the same geometry as the horizons in the Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi spacetime. We then study the Szekeres-Szafron spacetime with no symmetries, particularly its subfamily with $β_{,z}\neq 0$, and we find conditions on the horizon existence in a general spacetime as well as in certain special cases.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures
Avalanches and Criticality in Driven Magnetic Skyrmions
Creators: name: Diaz, S. A.
name: Reichhardt, C.
name: Arovas, D. P.
name: Saxena, A.
name: Reichhardt, C. J. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show using numerical simulations that slowly driven skyrmions interacting with random pinning move via correlated jumps or avalanches. The avalanches exhibit power law distributions in their duration and size, and the average avalanche shape for different avalanche durations can be scaled to a universal function, in agreement with theoretical predictions for systems in a nonequilibrium critical state. A distinctive feature of skyrmions is the influence of the non-dissipative Magnus term. When we increase the ratio of the Magnus term to the damping term, a change in the universality class of the behavior occurs, the average avalanche shape becomes increasingly asymmetric, and individual avalanches exhibit motion in the direction perpendicular to their own density gradient.
description: 5 pages, 4 pdf figures
Review and characterisation of collective renewable energy prosumer initiatives
Creators: name: Horstink, L
name: Luz, G.
name: Soares, M.
name: Ng, K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: PROSEU
prosumers
European Union
renewable energy
survey
energy transition

description: This deliverable reports back with findings based on work carried out in PROSEU Work Package 2- Baseline analysis and Characterisation of Renewable Energy Prosumer Initiatives. Specifically, it integrates the results of Tasks 2.1 (baseline review and stakeholder identification) and 2.2 (survey of RES prosumer initiatives across Europe) to provide a snapshot and characterisation of RES prosumer initiatives across Europe.
description: H2020 project PROSEU - Prosumers for the Energy Union: Mainstreaming active participation of citizens in the energy transition. Work package 2 (WP2) - Baseline analysis and Characterization of RE Prosumer Initiatives
Usability Issues in the Design of Novice Programming Systems
Creators: name: Pane, John
name: Myers, Brad
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This report reviews and organizes research about novice programmers. Over the past two decades, many aspects of novice programming have been investigated, resulting in the discovery of important facts and tradeoffs about what makes programming difficult to learn, and about the effectiveness of existing languages, environments, and methods of instruction. However, because this research is dispersed throughout the literature, it is difficult for designers of new programming systems to consider all of the issues collectively. The result is that most new systems are built primarily around technical objectives, perhaps considering only a subset of the usability issues summarized here. In addition to providing a checklist of issues that should be considered in the design of future systems, this report can be used to help researchers identify fruitful topics of future novice programming research.
The structure and spectrum of the accretion shock in the atmospheres of young stars
Creators: name: Dodin, Alexandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure and spectrum of the accretion shock have been self-consistently simulated for a wide range of parameters typical for Classical T Tauri Stars (CTTS). Radiative cooling of the shocked gas was calculated, taking into account the self-absorption and non-equilibrium (time-dependent) effects in the level populations. These effects modify the standard cooling curve for an optically thin plasma in coronal equilibrium, however the shape of high-temperature ($T>3\times10^5$ K) part of the curve remains unchanged. The applied methods allow us to smoothly describe the transition from the cooling flow to the hydrostatic stellar atmosphere. Thanks to this approach, it has been found that the narrow component of HeII lines is formed predominantly in the irradiated stationary atmosphere (hotspot), i.e. at velocities of the settling gas $<2$ km s$^{-1}$. The structure of the pre-shock region is calculated simultaneously with the heated atmosphere. The simulation shows that the pre-shock gas produces a noticeable emission component in HeII lines and practically does not manifest itself in HeI lines ($λλ$ 5876, 10830 Å). The UV spectrum of the hotspot is distorted by the pre-shock gas, namely numerous red-shifted emission and absorption lines overlap each other forming a pseudo-continuum. The spectrum of the accretion region at high pre-shock densities $\sim10^{14}$ cm$^{-3}$ is fully formed in the in-falling gas and can be qualitatively described as a spectrum of a star with an effective temperature derived from the Stefan-Boltzmann law via the full energy flux.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Which Syntactic Capabilities Are Statistically Learned by Masked Language Models for Code?
Creators: name: Velasco, Alejandro
name: Palacio, David N.
name: Rodriguez-Cardenas, Daniel
name: Poshyvanyk, Denys
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper discusses the limitations of evaluating Masked Language Models (MLMs) in code completion tasks. We highlight that relying on accuracy-based measurements may lead to an overestimation of models' capabilities by neglecting the syntax rules of programming languages. To address these issues, we introduce a technique called SyntaxEval in which Syntactic Capabilities are used to enhance the evaluation of MLMs. SyntaxEval automates the process of masking elements in the model input based on their Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs). We conducted a case study on two popular MLMs using data from GitHub repositories. Our results showed negative causal effects between the node types and MLMs' accuracy. We conclude that MLMs under study fail to predict some syntactic capabilities.
title: THE CALIBRATION OF MONOCHROMATIC FAR-INFRARED STAR FORMATION RATE INDICATORS
Creators: name: Calzetti, D
name: Wu, SY
name: Hong, S
name: Kennicutt, RC
name: Lee, JC
name: Dale, DA
name: Engelbracht, CW
name: Van Zee, L
name: Draine, BT
name: Hao, CN
name: Gordon, KD
name: Moustakas, J
name: Murphy, EJ
name: Regan, M
name: Begum, A
name: Block, M
name: Dalcanton, J
name: Funes, J
name: De Paz, AG
name: Johnson, B
name: Sakai, S
name: Skillman, E
name: Walter, F
name: Weisz, D
name: Williams, B
name: Wu, Y
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: galaxies: interactions
subject: galaxies: ISM
subject: galaxies: starburst
subject: infrared: galaxies
subject: ISM: structure
subject: stars: formation
subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv. The published version is located at http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/714/2/1256
description: Spitzer data at 24, 70, and 160 μm and ground-based Hα images are analyzed for a sample of 189 nearby star-forming and starburst galaxies to investigate whether reliable star formation rate (SFR) indicators can be defined using the monochromatic infrared dust emission centered at 70 and 160 μm. We compare recently published recipes for SFR measures using combinations of the 24 μm and observed Hα luminosities with those using 24 μm luminosity alone. From these comparisons, we derive a reference SFR indicator for use in our analysis. Linear correlations between SFR and the 70 μm and 160 μm luminosity are found for L(70) 1.4 × 1042 erg s–1 and L(160) 2 × 1042 erg s–1, corresponding to SFR 0.1-0.3 M yr–1, and calibrations of SFRs based on L(70) and L(160) are proposed. Below those two luminosity limits, the relation between SFR and 70 μm (160 μm) luminosity is nonlinear and SFR calibrations become problematic. A more important limitation is the dispersion of the data around the mean trend, which increases for increasing wavelength. The scatter of the 70 μm (160 μm) data around the mean is about 25% (factor ~2) larger than the scatter of the 24 μm data. We interpret this increasing dispersion as an effect of the increasing contribution to the infrared emission of dust heated by stellar populations not associated with the current star formation. Thus, the 70 (160) μm luminosity can be reliably used to trace SFRs in large galaxy samples, but will be of limited utility for individual objects, with the exception of infrared-dominated galaxies. The nonlinear relation between SFR and the 70 and 160 μm emission at faint galaxy luminosities suggests a variety of mechanisms affecting the infrared emission for decreasing luminosity, such as increasing transparency of the interstellar medium, decreasing effective dust temperature, and decreasing filling factor of star-forming regions across the galaxy. In all cases, the calibrations hold for galaxies with oxygen abundance higher than roughly 12 +log(O/H) ~ 8.1. At lower metallicity, the infrared luminosity no longer reliably traces the SFR because galaxies are less dusty and more transparent.
Dielectric anomaly at T_N in LaMnO3
Creators: name: Mondal, Parthasarathi
name: Bhattacharya, Dipten
name: Choudhury, Pranab
name: Mandal, Prabhat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe a distinct anomaly in dielectric permittivity (epsilon') as well as relaxation time (tao_0) versus temperature (T) pattern at the antiferromagnetic transition point (T_N) in single crystal of LaMnO3. The equivalent circuit analysis of the impedance spectra across T_N reveals clear anomaly in the capacitive component C_0 at T_N. Since no structural transition takes place across T_N, the anomaly in tao_0 and C_0 at T_N possibly signifies multiferroicity stemming from coupling between orbital and spin order in LaMnO3.
description: 14 pages including 3 figures; pdf only; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
IN03073 Äṭavīragollǟva Pillar Inscription
Creators: name: Wickremasinghe, Don Martino de Zilva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: IN03073
Epigraphia Zeylanica
Äṭavīragollǟva

description: IN03073 Äṭavīragollǟva Pillar Inscription - Transcript and Translation Source: Wickremasinghe, Don Martino de Zilva. (1912-27). ‘No. 9. Äṭavīragollǟva Pillar-Inscription,’ Epigraphia Zeylanica 2, pp. 44-49.
Antineutrino Charged-Current reactions on Hydrocarbon with Low Momentum Transfer
Creators: name: Gran, R.
name: Betancourt, M.
name: Elkins, M.
name: Rodrigues, P. A.
name: Akbar, F.
name: Aliaga, L.
name: Andrade, D. A.
name: Bashyal, A.
name: Bellantoni, L.
name: Bercellie, A.
name: Bodek, A.
name: Bravar, A.
name: Budd, H.
name: Vera, G. F. R. Caceres
name: Cai, T.
name: Carneiro, M. F.
name: Coplowe, D.
name: da Motta, H.
name: Dytman, S. A.
name: Diaz, G. A.
name: Felix, J.
name: Fields, L.
name: Fine, R.
name: Gallagher, H.
name: Ghosh, A.
name: Haider, H.
name: Han, J. Y.
name: Harris, D. A.
name: Henry, S.
name: Jena, D.
name: Kleykamp, J.
name: Kordosky, M.
name: Le, T.
name: Leistico, J. R.
name: Lovlein, A.
name: Lu, X. -G.
name: Maher, E.
name: Manly, S.
name: Mann, W. A.
name: Marshall, C. M.
name: McFarland, K. S.
name: McGowan, A. M.
name: Messerly, B.
name: Miller, J.
name: Mislivec, A.
name: Morfin, J. G.
name: Mousseau, J.
name: Naples, D.
name: Nelson, J. K.
name: Nguyen, C.
name: Norrick, A.
name: Nuruzzaman
name: Olivier, A.
name: Paolone, V.
name: Patrick, C. E.
name: Perdue, G. N.
name: Ramirez, M. A.
name: Ransome, R. D.
name: Ray, H.
name: Ren, L.
name: Rimal, D.
name: Ruterbories, D.
name: Schellman, H.
name: Salinas, C. J. Solano
name: Su, H.
name: Sultana, M.
name: Falero, S. Sanchez
name: Valencia, E.
name: Wolcott, J.
name: Wospakrik, M.
name: Yaeggy, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on multinucleon effects in low momentum transfer ($< 0.8$ GeV/c) anti-neutrino interactions on plastic (CH) scintillator. These data are from the 2010-2011 antineutrino phase of the MINERvA experiment at Fermilab. The hadronic energy spectrum of this inclusive sample is well described when a screening effect at low energy transfer and a two-nucleon knockout process are added to a relativistic Fermi gas model of quasielastic, $Δ$ resonance, and higher resonance processes. In this analysis, model elements introduced to describe previously published neutrino results have quantitatively similar benefits for this antineutrino sample. We present the results as a double-differential cross section to accelerate investigation of alternate models for antineutrino scattering off nuclei.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Updated to synchronize with reviewers and proofs recommendations and add supplemental cross section data file
Gravitational Wave Opacity from Gauge Field Dark Energy
Creators: name: Caldwell, R. R.
name: Devulder, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that astrophysical gravitational waves can undergo an anomalous modulation when propagating through cosmic gauge field dark energy. A sufficiently strong effect, dependent on the gauge field energy density, would appear as a redshift-dependent opacity, thereby impacting the use of gravitational wave standard sirens to constrain the expansion history of the Universe. We investigate a particular model of cosmic gauge field dark energy and show that at early times it behaves like dark radiation, whereas a novel interaction causes it to drive cosmic acceleration at late times. Joint constraints on the cosmological scenario due to type 1a supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, and cosmic microwave background data are presented. In view of these constraints, we show that standard siren luminosity distances in the redshift range 0.5 < z < 1.5 would systematically dim by up to 1%, which may be distinguishable by third-generation gravitational wave detectors.
description: 17 pages, 19 figures, revised and clarified text, results unchanged. V3 minor changes, including additional analysis of opacity effect for 3G detectors. New version matches published version
Unsupervised Induction of Natural Language Morphology Inflection Classes
Creators: name: Monson, Christian
name: Lavie, Alon
name: Carbonell, Jaime G.
name: Levin, Lori
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel language-independent framework for inducing a collection of morphological inflection classes from a monolingual corpus of full form words. Our approach involves two main stages. In the first stage, we generate a large data structure of candidate inflection classes and their interrelationships. In the second stage, search and filtering techniques are applied to this data structure, to identify a select collection of "true" inflection classes of the language. We describe the basic methodology involved in both stages of our approach and present an evaluation of our baseline techniques applied to induction of major inflection classes of Spanish. The preliminary results on an initial training corpus already surpass an F1 of 0.5 against ideal Spanish inflectional morphology classes.
Distinguishing oceans of water from magma on mini-Neptune K2-18b
Creators: name: Shorttle, Oliver
name: Jordan, Sean
name: Nicholls, Harrison
name: Lichtenberg, Tim
name: Bower, Dan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mildly irradiated mini-Neptunes have densities potentially consistent with them hosting substantial liquid water oceans (`Hycean' planets). The presence of CO2 and simultaneous absence of ammonia (NH3) in their atmospheres has been proposed as a fingerprint of such worlds. JWST observations of K2-18b, the archetypal Hycean, have found the presence of CO2 and the depletion of NH3 to <100 ppm; hence, it has been inferred that this planet may host liquid water oceans. In contrast, climate modelling suggests that many of these mini-Neptunes, including K2-18b, may likely be too hot to host liquid water. We propose a solution to this discrepancy between observation and climate modelling by investigating the effect of a magma ocean on the atmospheric chemistry of mini-Neptunes. We demonstrate that atmospheric NH3 depletion is a natural consequence of the high solubility of nitrogen species in magma at reducing conditions; precisely the conditions prevailing where a thick hydrogen envelope is in communication with a molten planetary surface. The magma ocean model reproduces the present JWST spectrum of K2-18b to < 3 sigma, suggesting this is as credible an explanation for current observations as the planet hosting a liquid water ocean. Spectral areas that could be used to rule out the magma ocean model include the >4um region, where CO2 and CO features dominate: Magma ocean models suggest a systematically lower CO2/CO ratio than estimated from free chemistry retrieval, indicating that deeper observations of this spectral region may be able to distinguish between oceans of liquid water and magma on mini-Neptunes.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, Published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters; corrects error on y-axis of Figure 2
Dynamic Adaptive Point Cloud Streaming
Creators: name: Hosseini, Mohammad
name: Timmerer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: High-quality point clouds have recently gained interest as an emerging form of representing immersive 3D graphics. Unfortunately, these 3D media are bulky and severely bandwidth intensive, which makes it difficult for streaming to resource-limited and mobile devices. This has called researchers to propose efficient and adaptive approaches for streaming of high-quality point clouds. In this paper, we run a pilot study towards dynamic adaptive point cloud streaming, and extend the concept of dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) towards DASH-PC, a dynamic adaptive bandwidth-efficient and view-aware point cloud streaming system. DASH-PC can tackle the huge bandwidth demands of dense point cloud streaming while at the same time can semantically link to human visual acuity to maintain high visual quality when needed. In order to describe the various quality representations, we propose multiple thinning approaches to spatially sub-sample point clouds in the 3D space, and design a DASH Media Presentation Description manifest specific for point cloud streaming. Our initial evaluations show that we can achieve significant bandwidth and performance improvement on dense point cloud streaming with minor negative quality impacts compared to the baseline scenario when no adaptations is applied.
description: 6 pages, 23rd ACM Packet Video (PV'18) Workshop, June 12--15, 2018, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Algebroid Structures on Para-Hermitian Manifolds
Creators: name: Svoboda, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a global construction of a so-called D-bracket appearing in the physics literature of Double Field Theory (DFT) and show that if certain integrability criteria are satisfied, it can be seen as a sum of two Courant algebroid brackets. In particular, we show that the local picture of the extended space-time used in DFT fits naturally in the geometrical framework of para-Hermitian manifolds and that the data of an (almost) para-Hermitian manifold is sufficient to construct the D-bracket. Moreover, the twists of the bracket appearing in DFT can be interpreted in this framework geometrically as a consequence of certain deformations of the underlying para-Hermitian structure.
description: 31 pages; journal version - example added, minor corrections
Understanding Understanding Source Code with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Creators: name: Siegmund, Janet
name: Kästner, Christian
name: Apel, Sven
name: Parnin, Chris
name: Bethmann, Anja
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Program comprehension is an important cognitive process that inherently eludes direct measurement. Thus, researchers are struggling with providing suitable programming languages, tools, or coding conventions to support developers in their everyday work. In this paper, we explore whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which is well established in cognitive neuroscience, is feasible to soundly measure program comprehension. In a controlled experiment, we observed 17 participants inside an fMRI scanner while they were comprehending short source-code snippets, which we contrasted with locating syntax errors. We found a clear, distinct activation pattern of five brain regions, which are related to working memory, attention, and language processing---all processes that fit well to our understanding of program comprehension. Our results encourage us and, hopefully, other researchers to use fMRI in future studies to measure program comprehension and, in the long run, answer questions, such as: Can we predict whether someone will be an excellent programmer? How effective are new languages and tools for program understanding? How should we train programmers?
Measurement of Quantum Fluctuations in Geometry
Creators: name: Hogan, Craig J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A particular form for the quantum indeterminacy of relative spacetime position of events is derived from the limits of measurement possible with Planck wavelength radiation. The indeterminacy predicts fluctuations from a classically defined geometry in the form of ``holographic noise'' whose spatial character, absolute normalization, and spectrum are predicted with no parameters. The noise has a distinctive transverse spatial shear signature, and a flat power spectral density given by the Planck time. An interferometer signal displays noise due to the uncertainty of relative positions of reflection events. The noise corresponds to an accumulation of phase offset with time that mimics a random walk of those optical elements that change the orientation of a wavefront. It only appears in measurements that compare transverse positions, and does not appear at all in purely radial position measurements. A lower bound on holographic noise follows from a covariant upper bound on gravitational entropy. The predicted holographic noise spectrum is estimated to be comparable to measured noise in the currently operating interferometer GEO600. Because of its transverse character, holographic noise is reduced relative to gravitational wave effects in other interferometer designs, such as LIGO, where beam power is much less in the beamsplitter than in the arms.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX. Extensive rewrite of original version, including more detailed analysis. Main result is the same but the estimate of noise in strain units for GEO600, showing 1/f behavior at low f and flat at high f, is improved. To appear in Phys. Rev. D
The Telltale Heartbeat: Detection and Characterization of Eccentric Orbiting Planets via Tides on their Host Star
Creators: name: Penoyre, Zephyr
name: Stone, Nicholas C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytic description of tides raised on a star by a small orbiting body. In particular, we highlight the disproportionate effect of eccentricity and thus the scope for using these tides to detect and characterise the orbits of exoplanets and brown dwarfs. The tidal distortions of the star produced by an eccentric orbit are, in comparison to a circular orbit, much richer in detail, and potentially visible from any viewing angle. The magnitude of these variations is much larger than that in a circular orbit of the same semi-major axis. These variations are visible in both photometric and spectroscopic data, and dominate other regular sources of phase variability (e.g reflection and Doppler beaming) over a particularly interesting portion of parameter space. These tidal signatures will be a useful tool for planet detection on their own, and used in concert with other methods provide powerful constraints on planetary and stellar properties.
description: Accepted by ApJ, 23 pages, 13 figures
title: TOTAL INFRARED LUMINOSITY ESTIMATION OF RESOLVED AND UNRESOLVED GALAXIES
Creators: name: Boquien, M
name: Bendo, G
name: Calzetti, D
name: Dale, D
name: Engelbracht, C
name: Kennicutt, R
name: Lee, JC
name: Van Zee, L
name: Moustakas, J
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv. The published version is located at http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/713/1/626
description: The total infrared (TIR) luminosity from galaxies can be used to examine both star formation and dust physics. We provide here new relations to estimate the TIR luminosity from various Spitzer bands, in particular from the 8 μm and 24 μm bands. To do so, we use data for 45'' subregions within a subsample of nearby face-on spiral galaxies from the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS) that have known oxygen abundances as well as integrated galaxy data from the SINGS, the Local Volume Legacy survey (LVL), and Engelbracht et al. samples. Taking into account the oxygen abundances of the subregions, the star formation rate intensity, and the relative emission of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at 8 μm, the warm dust at 24 μm, and the cold dust at 70 μm and 160 μm, we derive new relations to estimate the TIR luminosity from just one or two of the Spitzer bands. We also show that the metallicity and the star formation intensity must be taken into account when estimating the TIR luminosity from two wave bands, especially when data longward of 24 μm are not available.
Modelling and Predicting Online Vaccination Views using Bow-tie Decomposition
Creators: name: Han, Yueting
name: Bazzi, Marya
name: Turrini, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social media has become increasingly important in shaping public vaccination views, especially since the COVID-19 outbreak. This paper uses bow-tie structure to analyse a temporal dataset of directed online social networks that represent the information exchange among anti-vaccination, pro-vaccination, and neutral Facebook pages. Bow-tie structure decomposes a network into seven components, with two components "SCC" and "OUT" emphasised in this paper: SCC is the largest strongly connected component, acting as an "information magnifier", and OUT contains all nodes with a directed path from a node in SCC, acting as an "information creator". We consistently observe statistically significant bow-tie structures with different dominant components for each vaccination group over time. In particular, the anti-vaccination group has a large OUT, and the pro-vaccination group has a large SCC. We further investigate changes in opinions over time, as measured by fan count variations, using agent-based simulations and machine learning models. Across both methods, accounting for bow-tie decomposition better reflects information flow differences among vaccination groups and improves our opinion dynamics prediction results. The modelling frameworks we consider can be applied to any multi-stance temporal network and could form a basis for exploring opinion dynamics using bow-tie structure in a wide range of applications.
description: SM update
Surface background suppression in liquid argon dark matter detectors using a newly discovered time component of tetraphenyl-butadiene scintillation
Creators: name: Stanford, Chris
name: Westerdale, Shawn
name: Xu, Jingke
name: Calaprice, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decays of radioisotopes on inner detector surfaces can pose a major background concern for the direct detection of dark matter. While these backgrounds are conventionally mitigated with position cuts, these cuts reduce the exposure of the detector by decreasing the sensitive mass, and uncertainty in position determination may make it impossible to adequately remove such events in certain detectors. In this paper, we provide a new technique for substantially reducing these surface backgrounds in liquid argon (LAr) detectors, independent of position cuts. These detectors typically use a coating of tetraphenyl-butadiene (TPB) on the inner surfaces as a wavelength shifter to convert vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) LAr scintillation light to the visible spectrum. We find that TPB scintillation contains a component with a previously unreported exceptionally long lifetime ($\sim$ms). We discovered that this component differs significantly in magnitude between alpha, beta, and VUV excitation, which enables the use of pulse shape discrimination to suppress surface backgrounds by more than a factor of $10^3$ with negligible loss of dark matter sensitivity. We also discuss how this technique can be extended beyond just LAr experiments.
The importance of the Selberg integral
Creators: name: Forrester, Peter J.
name: Warnaar, S. Ole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 00-02; 33-02

description: It has been remarked that a fair measure of the impact of Atle Selberg's work is the number of mathematical terms which bear his name. One of these is the Selberg integral, an n-dimensional generalization of the Euler beta integral. We trace its sudden rise to prominence, initiated by a question to Selberg from Enrico Bombieri, more than thirty years after publication. In quick succession the Selberg integral was used to prove an outstanding conjecture in random matrix theory, and cases of the Macdonald conjectures. It further initiated the study of q-analogues, which in turn enriched the Macdonald conjectures. We review these developments and proceed to exhibit the sustained prominence of the Selberg integral, evidenced by its central role in random matrix theory, Calogero-Sutherland quantum many body systems, Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, and multivariable orthogonal polynomial theory.
description: 43 pages