cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Short distance current correlators: Comparing lattice simulations to the instanton liquid
Creators: name: DeGrand, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Point to point correlators of currents are computed in quenched QCD using a chiral lattice fermion action, the overlap action. I compare correlators made of exact quark propagators with correlators restricted to low (less than 500 MeV) eigenvalue eigenmodes of the Dirac operator. In many cases they show qualitative resemblence (typically at small values of the quark mass and distances larger than 0.4 fm) and they differ qualitatively at larger quark masses or at very short distance. Lattice results are in qualitative agreement (and in the difference of vector and axial vector channels, quantitative agreement) with the expectations of instanton liquid models. The scalar channel shows the effects of a quenched finite volume zero mode artifact, a negative correlator.
description: 18 pages, Revtex, 11 postscript figures. Some changes. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Black Hole Chromosphere at the LHC
Creators: name: Anchordoqui, Luis
name: Goldberg, Haim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the scale of quantum gravity is near a TeV, black holes will be copiously produced at the LHC. In this work we study the main properties of the light descendants of these black holes. We show that the emitted partons are closely spaced outside the horizon, and hence they do not fragment into hadrons in vacuum but more likely into a kind of quark-gluon plasma. Consequently, the thermal emission occurs far from the horizon, at a temperature characteristic of the QCD scale. We analyze the energy spectrum of the particles emerging from the "chromosphere", and find that the hard hadronic jets are almost entirely suppressed. They are replaced by an isotropic distribution of soft photons and hadrons, with hundreds of particles in the GeV range. This provides a new distinctive signature for black hole events at LHC.
description: Incorporates changes made for the version to be published in Phys. Rev. D. Additional details provided on the effect of the chromosphere in cosmic ray showers
China’s Dairy United: Organization, Governance, and Safety
Creators: name: Wang, Jingjing
name: Chen, Mei
name: Klein, Peter G.
name: Wang, Jingjing
name: Chen, Mei
name: Klein, Peter G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
International Development
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Dairy United is one of China’s fastest-growing and most innovative milk producers. Dairy United’s unusual business model has propelled it from underdog to main player during the industry's reshuffle after the 2008 Chinese milk scandal. Instead of making farmers shareholders of the company, or members of a cooperative, Dairy United leases their cows, the main asset used in production. Contracting with small dairy farmers for use of their cows, the firm raises farmers' cows using modern facilities, technologies, and management practices. Farmers receive fixed biannual returns but give up control, cash-flow, and residual-claimant rights to Dairy United. The leasing model is not only an unique governance choice for an industry moving from dispersed, small-scale production to larger-scale, capital-intensive methods, but also raises interesting questions about how to apply agency and property rights theory to organizational structure. We explain Dairy United's governance choice by comparing costs and benefits of leasing contracts, cooperatives, and corporations.
Forward Elastic Scattering of Light on Light, γ+γ\toγ+γ
Creators: name: Block, M. M.
name: Pancheri, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The forward elastic scattering of light on light, {\em i.e.,} the reaction $γ+γ\to γ+γ$ in the forward direction, is analyzed utilizing real analytic amplitudes. We calculate $ρ_{γγ}$, the ratio of the real to the imaginary portion of the forward scattering amplitude, by fitting the total $γγ$ cross section data in the high energy region $5 GeV \le \sqrt s \le 130 $ GeV, assuming a cross section that rises asymptotically as $\ln^2 s$. We then compare $ρ_{γγ}$ to $ρ_{nn}$, the ratio of the even portions of the $pp$ and $\pbar p$ forward scattering amplitudes, as well as to $ρ_{γp}$, the $ρ$ value for Compton scattering. Within errors, we find that the three $ρ$-values in the c.m.s. energy region $5 GeV \le \sqrt s \le 130$ GeV are the same, as predicted by a factorization theorem of Block and Kadailov.
description: 5 pages, Latex2e, 2 postscript figures, uses epsfig.sty
Differenzierung der Organisationsstruktur als Anpassung an die Unternehmensumwelt: Agriholdings in den ostdeutschen Bundesländern
Creators: name: Laschewski, Lutz
name: Eberbach, Lisa
name: Tietz, Andreas
name: Laschewski, Lutz
name: Eberbach, Lisa
name: Tietz, Andreas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Agriholding
subject: Neuer (soziologischer) Institutionalismus
subject: Organisationsfelder
subject: agrarstruktureller Wandel

description: In den letzten Jahrzehnten erfahren neue landwirtschaftliche Organisationsformen international eine wachsende Aufmerksamkeit, in denen einzelne landwirtschaftliche Unternehmen vertikal oder horizontal in größeren Unternehmensverbünden (Holdings) integriert sind. Trotz der wachsenden Evidenz der Entstehung solcher Organisationsmodelle befinden sich Forschung und theoretische Reflexion dieser Dynamiken zumindest in Deutschland noch sehr am Anfang. Vor diesem Hintergrund befasst sich der Beitrag mit „Agriholdings“ als neuem organisatorischem Muster, das vor allem in den ostdeutschen Bundesländern an Bedeutung gewinnt. Zur Erklärung des Phänomens greifen wir den Ansatz des neuen (soziologischen) Institutionalismus auf, der die Entstehung neuer Organisationsformen als einen kulturellen Wandel begreift. Die Wahl der Organisationsform wird demnach nicht, wie die meisten Theorien des agrarstrukturellen Wandels unterstellen, durch deren relative Wettbewerbsfähigkeit bestimmt, sondern durch das Bedürfnis nach Legitimation, welche die Organisationen aus ihrer Umwelt (dem Organisationsfeld) beziehen. Sie greifen dabei auf Organisationsmuster zurück, die in ihrer Umwelt als rational und damit als „legitim“ gelten können. Die theoretischen Annahmen des neuen (soziologischen) Institutionalismus werden in Unternehmensfallstudien, die in drei Regionen Ostdeutschlands durchgeführt wurden, weitgehend bestätigt. Dieser theoretische Zugang und die darauf aufbauenden soziologischen Feldtheorien erscheinen daher als vielversprechender Weg zur Analyse der aktuellen agrarstrukturellen Entwicklungen. Die Analyse der neuen landwirtschaftlichen Organisationsformen legt zudem nahe, dass es wichtig ist, die in der Debatte dominierende Dichotomie von Familien- und industrieller Landwirtschaft empirisch zu hinterfragen. Die Vielfalt der neu aufkommenden, oft hybriden Organisationsformen in der Landwirtschaft muss differenzierter betrachtet werden.
Fast Inflow Directly Feeding Black Hole Accretion Disk in Quasars
Creators: name: Zhou, Hongyan
name: Shi, Xiheng
name: Yuan, Weimin
name: Hao, Lei
name: Chen, Xiangjun
name: Ge, Jian
name: Ji, Tuo
name: Jiang, Peng
name: Li, Ge
name: Liu, Bifang
name: Liu, Guilin
name: Liu, Wenjuan
name: Lu, Honglin
name: Pan, Xiang
name: Shen, Juntai
name: Shu, Xinwen
name: Sun, Luming
name: Tian, Qiguo
name: Wang, Huiyuan
name: Wang, Tinggui
name: Wu, Shengmiao
name: Yang, Chenwei
name: Zhang, Shaohua
name: Zhong, Zhihao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasars are high-luminosity active galactic nuclei believed to be powered by accretion of interstellar matter onto a super-massive black hole (SMBH) therein. Most of the observed energy is released in an accretion disk of inspiralling gas surrounding the SMBH. An enormous amount of fueling material is expected to be transported inwards. However, basic questions remain unanswered as to whether and how the accretion disks are supplied with external gas, since no disk-feeding inflow has hitherto been observed clearly. Here we report the discovery of highly redshifted broad absorption lines arising from neutral hydrogen and helium atoms in a small sample of quasars. Their absorption troughs show a broad range of Doppler velocities from zero extending continuously inward up to as high as $\sim 5,000$ km s$^{-1}$. We thus see through streams of cold gas moving with a radially inward velocity component that spans an immense gradient---a result of gravitational acceleration by the central SMBH. Extensive photo-ionization modeling for the archetypical object SDSS J103516.20+142200.6 indicates the inflowing gas to be dense, thick and moderately ionized, with a characteristic distance to the SMBH of $\sim 1,000$ gravitational radii, possibly overlapping or close to the outer accretion disk. Our results present the first compelling evidence for the long-sought inflow directly feeding quasars' accretion disks with external materials, likely originating from the dusty torus at a parsec scale. Our approach provides a new tool to probe the bulk of the so far elusive fueling inflows in quasars. Their studies may help address some of the fundamental questions concerning accretion physics, the onset and sustainment of quasar activity, and the SMBH growth at centers of most galaxies.
description: 38 pages, 15 figures, pre-print of an article published in Nature
New Generator Control Algorithms for Smart-Bladed Wind Turbines to Improve Power Capture in Below Rated Conditions
Creators: name: Aquino, Bryce B
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2015

description: NEW GENERATOR CONTROL ALGORITHMS FOR SMART-BLADED WIND TURBINES TO IMPROVE POWER CAPTURE IN BELOW RATED CONDITIONS
APRIL 2014
BRYCE BAUTISTA AQUINO
B.S.M.E., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST
M.S.M.E., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST
Directed by: Professor Matthew A. Lackner
ABSTRACT
 With wind turbines growing in size, operation and maintenance has become a more important area of research with the goal of making wind energy more profitable. Wind turbine blades are subjected to intense fluctuating loads that can cause significant damage over time. The need for advanced methods of alleviating blade loads to extend the lifespan of wind turbines has become more important as worldwide initiatives have called for a push in renewable energy. An area of research whose goal is to reduce the fatigue damage is smart rotor control. Smart bladed wind turbines have the ability to sense aerodynamic loads and compute an actuator response to manipulate the aerodynamics of the wind turbine. The wind turbine model for this research is equipped with two different smart rotor devices. Independent pitch actuators for each blade and trailing edge flaps (TEFs) on the outer 70 to 90% of the blade span are used to modify aerodynamic loads. Individual Pitch Control (IPC) and Individual Flap Control (IFC) are designed to control these devices and are implemented on the NREL 5 MW wind turbine.
The consequences of smart rotor control lie in the wind turbine’s power capture in below rated conditions. Manipulating aerodynamic loads on the blades cause the rotor to decelerate, which effectively decreases the rotor speed and power output by 1.5%. Standard Region 2 generator torque control laws do not take into consideration variations in rotor dynamics which occur from the smart rotor controllers. Additionally, this research explores new generator torque control algorithms that optimize power capture in below rated conditions.
FAST, an aeroelastic code for the simulation of wind turbines, is utilized to test the capability and efficacy of the controllers. Simulation results for the smart rotor controllers prove that they are successful in decreasing the standard deviation of blade loads by 26.3% in above rated conditions and 12.1% in below rated conditions. As expected, the average power capture decreases by 1.5%. The advanced generator torque controllers for Region 2 power capture have a maximum average power increase of 1.07% while still maintaining load reduction capabilities when coupled with smart rotor controllers. The results of this research show promise for optimizing wind turbine operation and increasing profitability.
Price Sustainability and Stability – An Achievable Goal? A Case Study of Organic Valley
Creators: name: Su, Ye
name: Cook, Michael L.
name: Su, Ye
name: Cook, Michael L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Agribusiness
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Industrial Organization

description: Originating from a bold idea, Organic Valley currently reigns as the largest organic cooperative in North America. In 1988, from the non-glaciated, hilly part of Southwestern Wisconsin, seven progressive rural entrepreneurs started a courageous and visionary journey. The founders’ original objectives were to create an organization that would provide stable pay-prices to farmers and a sustainable family farm life style. For much of its more than 25 year history, Organic Valley has achieved this mission. However, in the past few years a more hostile economic environment emerged testing the resolve of George Siemon, CEO, and the Organic Valley leadership team. This case shares the evolution of a determined, idealistic group of mostly small rural producers leading a farmer owned firm from nothing but a dream to a complex international cooperative facing an important set of challenges. The current quandary: can the original mission of Organic Valley – to simultaneously deliver a stable producer pay-price and a sustainable life style to member suppliers – be maintained?
Dynamic Changes in Spatial Competition for Fertilizer
Creators: name: Wilson, William W.
name: Shakya, Sumadhur
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Shakya, Sumadhur
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis
Farm Management

description: Changes are evolving that are impacting the U.S. nitrogen fertilizer industry. Changes in crops, increased demand, reductions in natural gas prices, and spatial competition among producers and imports are affecting the nitrogen fertilizer industry. A spatial competition model of the United States fertilizer sector was developed to determine the likely future spatial distribution of production and flows for nitrogen fertilizer. The model minimizes production and shipping costs from plants and imports to demand areas. A base model of 2010-12 was developed and a future case was modeled representative of 2018. The most valuable (lowest cost) origins for US processing are primarily in Louisiana, followed by others states with low natural gas prices. Shadow prices indicate several locations in Wyoming, Iowa, Georgia, Louisiana, Nebraska, Kansas, and North Dakota would be positive. Not all of proposed plants would be viable and if forced to operate at 75% of capacity or more only a few of the new plants including those located in Louisiana, Iowa and North Dakota would be viable.
Pholcus mengla Song & Zhu 1999
Creators: name: Zhang, Feng
name: Zhu, Ming-Sheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Pholcidae
Pholcus
Pholcus mengla

description: Pholcus mengla Song & Zhu, 1999
(Fig. 28)
 Pholcus mengla Song & Zhu, 1999 in Song, Zhu & Chen 1999: 58, f. 24K–N.
 Redescription. Female (holotype), total length 4.4: cephalothorax 1.0 long, 0.9 wide; abdomen 3.5 long, 0.7 wide. Leg I: 33.2 (8.0+0.7+7.8+14.3+2.4), tibia II: 4.6, tibia III: 3.1, tibia IV: 4.5; tibia I L/D: 52. Prosoma shape as in Fig. 28A. Carapace short, broad and almost circular, ochre, with brown central stripe broadly connecting to ocular area. Cephalic region raised, with pair of light, yellowish brown, longitudinal bars behind PME, ocular area dark yellow. Clypeus 0.46, slightly ochre, without marks. Distance AME–AME 0.03. Diameter AME 0.07, ALE 0.13, PME 0.12, PLE 0.13. Labium and endites yellowish brown. Sternum slightly ochre. Femora, patellae and tibiae ochre, with dark rings, metatarsi and tarsi brown. Abdomen cylindrical, slightly fawn, dorsum with indistinct light, yellowish brown markings as in Fig. 28B. Venter pale, with a distinct, brown, longitudinal stripe. Epigynum roughly triangular as in Fig. 28C, light brown, with a distinctive, curving, finger-like apophysis on the top. Dorsal view as in Fig. 28D, with a unusual sclerotized arch anteriorly and a pair of oval pore plates.
 Distribution. Known from type locality only.
 Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan, Mengla County, August 1, 1981, leg. J. F. Wang, female holotype (MHBU).
 Remark. Because of only a single described female of this species, it is difficult to compare it with other species of Pholcus in China. However, the epigynum in dorsal view (Fig. 28D) has some special characters and the carapace a special pattern (Fig. 28A).
description: Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhu, Ming-Sheng, 2009, A review of the genus Pholcus (Araneae: Pholcidae) from China, pp. 1-114 in Zootaxa 2037 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2235.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5317608
MOESM1 of Identification of novel citramalate biosynthesis pathways in Aspergillus niger
Creators: name: Hossain, Abeer
name: Hendrikx, Aiko
name: Punt, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. List of primers used in this study. Table S2. Organic acid references used on HPLC, their retention times on UV and RI detector and UV210nm/RI ratio. Table S3. HPLC data of samples from AB1.13 WT, CimA B3, CimA+MFSB #27 and CitB#99.
Caenorhabditis Elegans Model To Study Antimicrobial Treatment On E. coli O157:H7
Creators: name: Patel, Parita
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: An increase in antimicrobial resistance bacteria has endangered our ability to treat infectious diseases. Lack of good in-vivo model has made it difficult to study antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we have used an inexpensive and short life span in-vivo model namely, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to study antimicrobial treatment using pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7, a multidrug resistance bacterium that causes life threatening infection in humans.
We have investigated the influence of live vs. heat killed non-pathogenic E. coli OP50 (OP50) as a food source on the growth and survival of infected C. elegans mutant AU37 with E. coli O157:H7 in the presence and absence of antibiotics. This is analyzed using a liquid-based C. elegans-E. coli O157:H7 infection assay. C. elegans was synchronized and grown on a lawn of live OP50 till they reached L4-young adult stage. L4-young adults were transferred to liquid medium where the C. elegans was infected with live E. coli O157:H7 or live non-pathogenic OP50 for 24 hours. After infection, C. elegans were fed live or heat killed OP50 depending on the experiment, and the life span and levels of E. coli O157:H7 were monitored, with and without ampicillin treatment in a 96 well transwell plate.
Our results indicate that live OP50 is an ideal food source for C. elegans growth and survival to study antimicrobial treatment. C. elegans growth rate and survival decreased in presence of heat killed OP50, which makes heat killed OP50 as a non-ideal food source for antimicrobial assay. Moreover, using live OP50 we have discovered that the ampicillin dose 8mg/ml, 16mg/ml, and 32mg/ml are effective in increasing the survival of C. elegans infected with E. coli O157:H7. However, treatment on C. elegans infected with acid stressed E. coli O157:H7 is controversial.
Additional file 1: of Parentâ€“child cooking meal together may relate to parental concerns about the diets of their toddlers and preschoolers: a cross-sectional analysis in Japan
Creators: name: Ishikawa, Midori
name: Eto, Kumi
name: Miyoshi, Miki
name: Yokoyama, Tetsuji
name: Haraikawa, Mayu
name: Yoshiike, Nobuo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Study population and procedure diagram of this study. (PDF 150 kb)
Light-Cone Sum Rules Analysis of $Ξ_{QQ^{\prime}}\toΣ_{Q^{\prime}}$ Weak Decays
Creators: name: Hu, Xiao-Hui
name: Shi, Yu-Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a continuation of our previous work, we investigate the weak decays of doubly-heavy baryons $Ξ_{QQ^{\prime}}$ into sextet $Σ_{Q^{\prime}}$ with light-cone sum rules. We calculate the form factors for these decays with the parallel light-cone distribution amplitudes of $Σ_{Q^{\prime}}$. Numerical results of these form factors are used to predict the decay widths and branching ratios of the corresponding semi-leptonic processes. Parametric uncertainties and theoretical analyses are also given in detail. We find that the decay widths of $Ξ_{cc}$ and $Ξ_{bc}$ decays are several orders of magnitude larger than those of $Ξ_{bb}$ decays.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, 9 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1903.03921
Infrared Exponents and Running Coupling of SU(N) Yang-Mills Theories
Creators: name: Fischer, C. S.
name: Alkofer, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present approximate solutions for the gluon and ghost propagators as well as the running coupling in Landau gauge Yang-Mills theories. We solve the corresponding Dyson-Schwinger equations in flat Euclidean space-time without any angular approximation. This supplements recently obtained results employing a four-torus, i.e. a compact space-time manifold, as infrared regulator. We confirm previous findings deduced from an extrapolation with tori of different volumes: the gluon propagator is weakly vanishing in the infrared and the ghost propagator is highly singular. For non-vanishing momenta our propagators are in remarkable agreement with recent lattice calculations.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Research Excellence or Scientific Advisory Boards – Investigating German and US Agri-Environmental Boards
Creators: name: Göser, Maya
name: Wimmer, Stefan
name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Göser, Maya
name: Wimmer, Stefan
name: Sauer, Johannes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Political Economy
subject: Advisory boards
subject: life science
subject: scientific excellence
subject: agriculture

description: Scientific advisory boards are frequently established to provide scientific insights and advice to policy makers. Advisory board appointing bodies often state that research excellence and scientific seniority are the main grounds on which advisory board members are selected. Many authors have pointed out that there is more to giving good scientific advice than just being an expert for a specific research field. The aim of this study is to analyse if and how research excellence correlates with the probability of being appointed as a scientific advisory board member. We have collected data for scientific advisory boards from both the US and Germany. Our dataset includes current board members and a control group of non-board-members with similar expertise. We use logit regression models to analyse how research excellence correlates with the probability of appointment to a scientific advisory board. We use the h-index as a highly cited proxy for individual research excellence and factor in the research excellence status of the associated institution as well as other potentially correlating factors indicating scientific seniority. Our results suggest that research excellence is insignificant or even correlates negatively with the probability of being appointed to a scientific advisory board.
A Maximin Optimal Online Power Control Policy for Energy Harvesting Communications
Creators: name: Yang, Shengtian
name: Chen, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A general theory of online power control for discrete-time battery limited energy harvesting communications is developed, which leads to, among other things, an explicit characterization of a maximin optimal policy. This policy only requires the knowledge of the (effective) mean of the energy arrival process and maximizes the minimum asymptotic expected average reward (with the minimization taken over all energy arrival distributions of a given (effective) mean). Moreover, it is universally near optimal and has a strictly better worst-case performance as well as a strictly improved lower multiplicative factor in comparison with the fixed fraction policy proposed by Shaviv and Özgür when the objective is to maximize the throughput over an additive white Gaussian noise channel. The competitiveness of this maximin optimal policy is also demonstrated via numerical examples.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Curating Place: Using Interpretive Design to Metabolize Change in the Rural, Post-Industrial Landscape of Woronoco Massachusetts
Creators: name: Piers-Gamble, Clark G
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: In this research, I aim to investigate the interrelationships between people, architecture and the landscape, by asking the question "what is the architect's role in curating place'. The goal of this body of work is to challenge the role of the ‘architect' when working within the context of place. This research, and the design intervention developed a process that challenges the profession by asking: “Should an architect be solely the creator of place, or is the architect a curator of place? The research analyzes existing theories related to the definition and concept of place approached from a wide spectrum of professional expertise overtime to attempt to grasp human being's passion related to the dynamic topic of place. The intent is to create a framework for design that can be adopted, implemented and layered upon any place, to unearth, distill, and better understand its essence.
The rural post-industrial landscape of Western Massachusetts specifically focused around the former paper mill village of Woronoco is the stage for this inquiry. place is anchored equally in the qualitative and quantitative forces that shape it and thus requires an attentive observer, a trained observer, but most importantly a local, inspired observer who is fundamentally attached to that place. As both a landscape architect and architect, I offer a heightened awareness of the patterns and processes or ecology of place especially concerning the occupation and physical impact of humans on the landscape through the built environment. The proposed design interventions will attempt to treat place as a living organism, one that is continuously changing and whose dynamics are interconnected and responsive to a broad range of forces that shape it. A place curation design approach has led me to offer a series of design interventions, and not a proposal for a single building. These interventions will not fulfill a single program or fulfill one specific functional purpose; it will not focus on creating a design typology or use a consistent design language or material palette. Instead, the design will introduce multiple architectonic interventions that are derived almost organically in the landscape, in a manner that will stimulate the continued use and engagement with this place. Human interaction, engagement and interpretation is the essential component to ensuring the longterm sustainability of place, allowing it to continuously evolve and be relevant to future generations.
Tensor to scalar ratio of perturbation amplitudes and inflaton dynamics
Creators: name: Terrero-Escalante, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the inflaton perturbations it is shown that the evolution of the difference between the spectral indices can be translated into information on the scale dependence of the tensor to scalar amplitudes ratio, $r$, and how the scalar field potential can be derived from that information. Examples are given where $r$ converges to a constant value during inflation but dynamics are rather different from the power--law model. Cases are presented where a constant $r$ is not characteristic of the inflationary dynamics though the resulting perturbation spectra are consistent with the CMB and LSS data. The inflaton potential corresponding to $r$ given by a n--th order polynomial of the e--folds number is derived in quadratures expressions. Since the observable difference between the spectral indices evaluated at a pivot scale yields information about the linear term of that polynomial, the first order case is explicitly written down. The solutions show features beyond the exponential form corresponding to power--law inflation and can be matched with current observational data.
description: 5 two-columns pages, two figures, RevTex4. Minor modifications. Two references added
Old English Modern Mestizaje
Creators: name: Quezada, Vick
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: The following works are an exploration of the histories of colonization that Indigenous people experienced in North America and how the settler colonial phenomenon continues to exist in the contemporary United States. In this project I am placing “official” history alongside personal narrative in order to represent the overlooked experiences of those impacted by the colonial project in the southwest. Old English Modern Mestizaje acts to deconstruct the ideologies that create common sense notions of Mexico, Mexican American, Xicana/o/x and Mestizaje. With this project I am working to explore the impact of racism, sexism, homophobia, classism, capitalism and hetero patriarchy, as they affect the material realities of people whose lives are determined by their relationship to the border. Through the use of sculpture, experimental video, documentary photography, urban sculpture, earthenware, and performance this series means to draw our attention to the ways we uphold and reconstruct institutions of power. I am most compelled by the places where evidence of resistance and survival is made manifest. With Old English Modern Mestizaje my desire is to generate alternative empathies that open paths for a new consciousness.
Additional file 5 of Integrated analysis of tRNA-derived small RNAs in proliferative human aortic smooth muscle cells
Creators: name: Zhao, Jian-Zhi
name: Li, Qi-Yao
name: Lin, Jia-Jie
name: Yang, Li-Yun
name: Du, Mei-Yang
name: Wang, Yu
name: Liu, Ke-Xin
name: Jiang, Ze-An
name: Li, Huan-Huan
name: Wang, Si-Fan
name: Sun, Bo
name: Mu, Shi-Qing
name: Li, Bin
name: Liu, Kun
name: Gong, Miao
name: Sun, Shao-Guang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Table S5. Sequences of tsRNA mimics and tsRNA-mutant.
Farmers’ acceptance of results-based agri-environmental schemes – insights from a case study in North Rhine-Westphalia
Creators: name: Massfeller, Anna
name: Meraner, Manuela
name: Hüttel, Silke
name: Uehleke, Reinhard
name: Massfeller, Anna
name: Meraner, Manuela
name: Hüttel, Silke
name: Uehleke, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: result-based agri-environmental schemes
subject: contingent valuation
subject: social norms
subject: social nudge
subject: biodiversity conservation

description: To overcome adoption barriers of EU agri-environmental schemes (AES) related to the organizational burden from complying with the schemes’ inflexible land management prescriptions, the EU has introduced result-based AES. Farms receive compensation once a contracted environmental result is verified. However, desired large-scale adoption of these result-based schemes is threatened since participating farmers risk losing the premium if they cannot reach the environmental target. This study aims at investigating acceptance of a hypothetically result-based AES for arable farmers in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany, and elicit the role of behavioral factors and a social nudge for acceptance. The hypothetical scheme targets at increasing biodiversity of pollinator and bird species by supporting weed-species richness in intensive arable production. We used a split-treatment design to investigate the influence of a social nudge on scheme participation and area enrolled in the scheme (intensity). We rely on a convenience sample of 63 farmers and find an average willingness to participate of about 60%. Results indicate no influence of the social nudge on participation and intensity. Cognitive factors determine the willingness to participate while social and dispositional factors determine the intensity decision. This study sheds light on farmers’ decision-making and delivers a pilot-scheme for follow-up studies.
ARCHITECTURAL SYNERGY: A FACILITY FOR LIFELONG LEARNING IN ACADEMIA AND PRACTICE
Creators: name: Rendano, Ryan
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: Historically, a disconnect has existed between the education and practice of architecture. Architectural education has long prided itself on the value of creative problem-solving, research, and the fine arts. In contrast, the practice of architecture has evolved to emphasize technical knowledge, specialization, communication, business, and collaboration. This disconnect has led education to miss opportunities to teach students business skills and knowledge required for the workplace, and allowed practice to lose sight of the importance of artistry and research. Architecture educators, students, and practitioners each have a unique set of knowledge and skills to offer the other, and a corresponding set of need and challenges which must be addressed for the profession’s continued success.
By analyzing history, current debates in the field, and case studies of current innovative practices and educational models, this thesis addresses these issues with a new model of architectural synergy, embodied through a facility for lifelong learning in architecture. The primary goal of this building is to inspire integrative and collaborative processes between students, researchers, educators, and practitioners to address the current disconnect between them. Through this facility, each group will have the opportunity to leverage their unique strengths and successes to help the others. This collaborative model will allow each role mutually beneficial opportunities for lifelong learning through the exchange of knowledge, ideas, and processes between different groups.
Gremien zur Transformation der landwirtschaftlichen Tierhaltung. Welche Ansätze versprechen Erfolg?
Creators: name: Von Gall, Philipp
name: Von Meyer-Höfer, Marie
name: Von Gall, Philipp
name: Von Meyer-Höfer, Marie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community / Rural / Urban Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: landwirtschaftliche Tierhaltung
subject: Gremienarbeit
subject: Transformation
subject: dialogische Kommunikationsstrategie

description: Staatlich berufene Gremien zum Thema landwirtschaftliche Tierhaltung sollen Erkenntnisprobleme und Zielkonflikte lösen sowie Kompromissoptionen für Konflikte entwickeln. Ihrem Auftrag nach eignen sie sich daher für die Aushandlung eines Gesellschaftsvertrages über die Zukunft der landwirtschaftlichen Tierhaltung, der aktuell von vielen politischen Akteuren gefordert wird. Wenig untersucht ist aber, wie solche Gremien arbeiten und wie sie beschaffen sein sollten, um diese Ziele auch tatsächlich zu erreichen. Aufbauend auf eine qualitative Untersuchung von Literatur, Medien und vor allem der Sichtweisen von Beteiligten wird untersucht, welche Faktoren auf die Akzeptanz der Gremien wirken, und wie Gremien beschaffen sein müssen, um gesellschaftlich akzeptierte Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Die potentiellen Akzeptanzkriterien sowohl für den Prozess der Gremienarbeit als auch für die so erarbeiteten Ergebnisse lässt sich der Untersuchung nach gliedern in die Auswahl der Inhalte und Beteiligten, die Gestaltung der Gremienarbeit sowie der Transparenz mit der diese durchgeführt wird. Es zeigt sich, dass viele Gremien zum Thema Tierhaltung ihr Potential diesbezüglich nicht ausschöpfen. Insbesondere wird für Außenstehende nicht ersichtlich, wie Interessenkonflikte und Wissensfragen behandelt wurden und welche Kriterien zur Auswahl der Teilnehmer*innen führten. Darüber hinaus ist die Frage der Repräsentation der Interessen der Tiere in den Gremien ein zentrales bisher weitgehend ungelöstes methodisches Problem. Die Politik sollte sich darauf einstellen, dass es in Zukunft nicht reicht, der Öffentlichkeit inhaltliche Vorschläge zur Verbesserung der Tierhaltung vorzustellen. Stattdessen sollte sie mehr Augenmerk auf einen überzeugenden methodischen Rahmen für die Diskussion inhaltlicher Fragen legen und auch diesbezügliche Kritik berücksichtigen. Nur so lässt sich auf einen gesellschaftlich akzeptablen Entwicklungs- und Entscheidungsprozesses hinwirken.
Lattice determination of the critical point of QCD at finite T and μ
Creators: name: Fodor, Z.
name: Katz, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on universal arguments it is believed that there is a critical point (E) in QCD on the temperature (T) versus chemical potential (μ) plane, which is of extreme importance for heavy-ion experiments. Using finite size scaling and a recently proposed lattice method to study QCD at finite μwe determine the location of E in QCD with n_f=2+1 dynamical staggered quarks with semi-realistic masses on $L_t=4$ lattices. Our result is T_E=160 \pm 3.5 MeV and μ_E= 725 \pm 35 MeV. For the critical temperature at μ=0 we obtained T_c=172 \pm 3 MeV.
description: misprints corrected, version to appear in JHEP
Impact of S-Curve on Speed in a Modern Roundabout
Creators: name: Sabhanayagam, Akshaey
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: According to the US Department of Transportation, around 20 people die on a daily basis in a signalized intersection, with most of these resulting from angle or head-on collisions. The US-DoT’s Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has identified modern roundabout intersections to be substantially safer than signalized intersections, due in part to the reduction in conflict points from 32 in a traditional signalized intersection to 8 in a modern roundabout. Despite the increased adoption of modern roundabouts across the US, there are a number of specific design elements for which the direct impact they have on operational and safety related performance of the roundabout remains unknown. To be specific, there is currently no conclusive research on the direct effects related to the introduction of a reverse curve (S-curve) on the approach to a roundabout. Moreover, what are the impacts of S-curves of varying geometries on the approach to a roundabout? This research employed a series of microsimulation-based analyses to investigate the speed related impacts related to the introduction to S-curves on the entry to a roundabout.
An existing roundabout, in Amherst, MA, USA was used as a case study for this experiment. The data at each approach of the roundabout was collected by a static camera strategically placed to attain both the pedestrian and vehicle count during peak traffic hours. The data was manually reviewed to determine the upstream and downstream vehicle counts.
The dimensions and angles of the existing roundabout were measured from Google earth and the image was extracted to AutoCaD Civil 3D. Since the objective is to check whether S-curves near an approach have a significant impact in speed, the deflection angle of the roundabout was not altered. The turning radius and angle at the approach was cross verified by measuring it on site. The existing roundabout was considered as the base model. The four approaches of the roundabout have different entry angles and radii. The revised models were drafted by strategically placing the S-curve at each approach and by steadily increasing their deflection angle and approach radius.
The base and revised models cases were initially modelled, after which the conventional linear approach was modified to an S-curve and evaluated. Field data from the locations were to and calibrate microsimulation models on AIMSUN. The resulting trajectory data was analyzed for both the base case as well as three levels of experimental S-curves (ranging from 30 to 60 degrees) on each roundabout approach (16 total). The results provide evidence to suggest that a significant reduction in speed can be realized with a minimal amount of the reverse curvature on the roundabout approach. The trajectory output files were then imported into the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) to determine the number and type of conflicts experienced at each approach under each scenario evaluated in AIMSUN.
Pholcus qingchengensis Gao, Gao & Zhu 2002
Creators: name: Zhang, Feng
name: Zhu, Ming-Sheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Pholcidae
Pholcus
Pholcus qingchengensis

description: Pholcus qingchengensis Gao, Gao & Zhu, 2002
(Fig. 40)
 Pholcus qingchengensis Gao, Gao & Zhu 2002: 75, f. 9–14.
 Diagnosis. This species resembles P. qinghaiensis in the shape of the palpal bulb, but can be distinguished from it by the shape of the tip of the procursus (Figs. 40E–F), by the shorter ventral apophysis of the trochanter (Fig. 40D), and by the appendix with a longer branch centrally (Fig. 40E).
 Redescription. Male (holotype), total length 4.8: cephalothorax 1.3 long, 1.6 wide; abdomen 3.5 long, 1.7 wide. Leg I: 45.2 (11.8+0.9+11.5+18.3+2.7), tibia II: 6.9, tibia III: 4.8, tibia IV: 6.2; tibia I L/D: 68. Prosoma shape as in Fig. 40A. Carapace short, broad and almost circular, ochre, with brown butterfly-shaped marks broadly connecting to ocular area. Cephalic region raised, without brown longitudinal mark centrally, ocular area dark yellow. Clypeus 0.44, slightly ochre, without marks. Distance AME–AME 0.08. Diameter AME 0.10, ALE 0.16, PME 0.14, PLE 0.16. Chelicerae as in Fig. 40C, with pair of black apophyses distally, pair of unsclerotized thumb-shaped apophyses proximolaterally and two pairs of large unsclerotized rounded apophyses proximocentrally. Labium and endites light yellow. Sternum slightly ochre, with some irregular brown spots as in Fig. 40B. Femora, patellae and tibiae ochre, with dark rings, metatarsi and tarsi brown. Abdomen cylindrical, pale ochre, dorsum with numerous brown spots as in Fig. 40A. Venter pale brown, without marks. Palps as in Figs. 40E–F, bulb with axe-shaped uncus, appendix with a median branch, tibia of palp with a round tubercle prolaterally, femur with a small dorsal projection retrolaterally, trochanter with small ventral apophysis.
 Distribution. Known from type locality only.
 Material examined. CHINA: Sichuan, Dujiangyan City, Mt. Qingcheng, October 26, 1975, male holotype (MHBU).
description: Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhu, Ming-Sheng, 2009, A review of the genus Pholcus (Araneae: Pholcidae) from China, pp. 1-114 in Zootaxa 2037 (1) on page 72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2235.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5317608
OntoPlot: A Novel Visualisation for Non-hierarchical Associations in Large Ontologies
Creators: name: Yang, Ying
name: Wybrow, Michael
name: Li, Yuan-Fang
name: Czauderna, Tobias
name: He, Yongqun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ontologies are formal representations of concepts and complex relationships among them. They have been widely used to capture comprehensive domain knowledge in areas such as biology and medicine, where large and complex ontologies can contain hundreds of thousands of concepts. Especially due to the large size of ontologies, visualisation is useful for authoring, exploring and understanding their underlying data. Existing ontology visualisation tools generally focus on the hierarchical structure, giving much less emphasis to non-hierarchical associations. In this paper we present OntoPlot, a novel visualisation specifically designed to facilitate the exploration of all concept associations whilst still showing an ontology's large hierarchical structure. This hybrid visualisation combines icicle plots, visual compression techniques and interactivity, improving space-efficiency and reducing visual structural complexity. We conducted a user study with domain experts to evaluate the usability of OntoPlot, comparing it with the de facto ontology editor Prot{é}g{é}. The results confirm that OntoPlot attains our design goals for association-related tasks and is strongly favoured by domain experts.
description: Accepted at IEEE InfoVis 2019
Anisotropic cosmological dynamics in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity: an example of dynamical compactification in 7+1 dimensions
Creators: name: Chirkov, Dmitry
name: Giacomini, Alex
name: Toporensky, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a particular example of dynamical compactification of an anisotropic 7+1 dimensional Universe in Einstein - Gauss - Bonnet gravity. Starting from rather general totally anisotropic initial conditions a Universe in question evolves towards a product of two isotropic subspaces. The first subspace expands isotropically, the second represents an "inner" isotropic subspace with stabilized size. The dynamical evolution does not require fine-tuning of initial conditions, though it is possible for a particular range of coupling constants. The corresponding condition have been found analytically and have been confirmed using numerical integration of equations of motion.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures