cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An NSM-based cultural dictionary of Australian English: from theory to practice
Creators: name: Sadow, Lauren
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2019

description: This thesis is a 'thesis by creative project' consisting of a cultural dictionary of Australian English, and an exegesis which details the theoretical basis and decisions made throughout the creative process of this project. The project aims to produce a resource for ESL teachers on teaching the invisible culture of Australian English to migrants, using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) (e.g. Wierzbicka, 2006) as a theoretical and methodological basis. The resource takes the form of an encyclopaedic dictionary focussing on Australian values, attitudes, and interactional norms, in response to the need for education resources describing the cultural ethos embodied in Australian English (Sadow, 2014). Best practice for teaching intercultural communicative competence and related skills is to use a method for teaching which encourages students to reflect on their experience and analyse it from an insider perspective (Tomlinson and Masuhara, 2013). This thesis takes the position and demonstrates that an NSM-based descriptive method can meet these practical requirements by providing a framework for describing both cultural semantics and cultural scripts. In response to teacher needs for a pedagogical tool, I created Standard Translatable English (STE) - a derivative of NSM specifically designed for language pedagogy. The exegesis part of this project, therefore, reports on the development of STE and the process, rationale, and results of creating a cultural dictionary using STE as a descriptive method. I also discuss the theoretical grounding of teaching invisible culture, the best-practice requirements for creating teaching materials and dictionaries, my methods for conducting user needs research, and the results, and the ultimate design choices which have resulted in a finished product, including supplementary materials to ensure that teachers are well prepared to use an NSM-based approach in pedagogical contexts. The main body of this project, however, is the cultural dictionary - The Australian Dictionary of Invisible Culture for Teachers - comprising approximately 300 entries which describes, in STE, essential aspects of the values, attitudes, interactional norms, cultural keywords, and culture-specific language of Anglo-Australian English. The cultural dictionary is formatted as an eBook to enhance accessibility and practicality for teachers in classroom contexts. Drawing on previous dictionaries and on lexicography, the entries include a range of lexicographical information such as examples, part-of-speech, and cross-referencing. This innovative cultural dictionary represents the first targeted work into the applications of NSM and NSM-derived frameworks. It is the first dictionary of invisible culture in Australian English in this framework, and the only current resource which is aimed at maximum translatability for the English language education context.
Positivity Constraints on Spin Observables in Exclusive Pseudoscalar Meson Photoproduction
Creators: name: Artru, Xavier
name: Richard, Jean-Marc
name: Soffer, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Positivity constraints have proved to be important for spin observables of exclusive reactions involving polarized initial and final particles. Attention is focused in this note on the photoproduction of pseudoscalar mesons from spin 1/2 baryons, more specifically gamma+ N -> K+ Lambda, gamma+ N -> K Sigma, for which new experimental data are becoming available.
description: 3 pages,RevTex, 1 figure, more details on the derivation, refs. added, to appear in Phys. Rev. C
Kar'úk 1-6
Creators: name: Hartt, Josepha
name: Halpern, Abraham M.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: yum

description: 6 WAV files. First tape dated April 25, second April 26, and third April 26 (Side A) and 27 (Side B). For associated notebook, see Margaret Langdon Papers (Bancroft Library), carton 11, folder 5. Digitization by The Audio Archive (Burlingame, California).
Imagery sources and clay sculpture of adolescents
Creators: name: Cunningham, David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: An experiment was set up in a public secondary school to study the effect of different imagery sources on the claywork of grade eleven and twelve students. A pilot study was conducted with subjects grouped according to the use of three imagery sources: a written description, a photograph and a live model. For the final study subjects were divided into two groups based on two of these imagery sources: the written description and the live model. Each of the thirty-eight subjects was required to produce a human figure of clay using either a written description (one class of 20 students), or a live model (one class of 18 students). The subjects' work was subjected to evaluation by three judges and a statistical analysis. Three dimensions were evaluated; form, position, and differentiation. The Multivariate Analysis of Variance revealed a significant difference between the two study groups, particularly with regard to differentation. A qualitative examination of the subjects' work was also carried out to complement the statistical analysis. This study demonstrated that sculpting tasks based on differing imagery sources probably involve different cognitive processes. Consequently, a variety of such tasks was recommended for inclusion in the secondary art curriculum, as a means of enhancing students' abilities in the domain of clay sculpture.
The Perfect Hyperfluid of Metric-Affine Gravity: The Foundation
Creators: name: Iosifidis, Damianos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We set the foundation and formulate the Perfect (Ideal) Hyperfluid. The latter represents the natural generalization of the usual perfect fluid structure where now the microscopic characteristics of matter (spin, shear, dilation) are also taken into account, sourcing a non-Riemannian arena (i.e spacetime torsion and non-metricity) for Metric-Affine Gravity. We derive the energy tensors of this Hyperfluid structure and subsequently present the conservation laws obeyed by them. Finally, we consider a Cosmological application of this Perfect Hyperfluid and classify some possible forms of this fluid structure.
description: 11 pages, no figures
Combining multiple methods to improve differential expression testing
Creators: name: Zappia, Luke
name: Grillet, Fanny
name: Molck, Christina
name: Pham, Kym
name: Pannequin, Julie
name: Taylor, Graham R.
name: Hollande, Frederic
name: Hsu, Arthur
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: RNA-seq has rapidly become the experiment of choice for many biological investigations. Perhaps the most common analysis conducted on RNA-seq data is differential expression testing in order to identify changes in gene product regulation between conditions. This type of analysis typically consists of several stages: alignment to a reference genome, summarisation by the feature of interest, normalisation to minimise batch effects, testing for differential expression and functional analysis to examine the biological implications. At each stage the analyst must grapple with the choice of which many existing bioinformatics tools to use.

A range of factors can affect this decision. Is the tool easy to use and readily available? Has it been used in previously published work? Is it designed for this data? Has it been based on good theory? Ideally choices should be made based on proven real-world performance, however this is hard to establish given the broad range of experiments and the lack of a ground truth to test against. Often analysts, particularly those new to the field, are left to pick a tool and trust that it is being used correctly and produces the required results.

Focusing on the testing stage I will demonstrate some of the ways in which results can be affected by tool choice through analysis of a complex colorectal cancer dataset. I will present my experience in selecting which tool to use and suggest that where time permits it may be preferable to run multiple methods in parallel and combine the results.
Dark Matter Capture in the First Stars: a Power Source and Limit on Stellar Mass
Creators: name: Freese, Katherine
name: Spolyar, Douglas
name: Aguirre, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles can provide an important heat source for the first (Pop. III) stars, potentially leading to a new phase of stellar evolution known as a "Dark Star". When dark matter (DM) capture via scattering off of baryons is included, the luminosity from DM annihilation may dominate over the luminosity due to fusion, depending on the DM density and scattering cross-section. The influx of DM due to capture may thus prolong the lifetime of the Dark Stars. Comparison of DM luminosity with the Eddington luminosity for the star may constrain the stellar mass of zero metallicity stars; in this case DM will uniquely determine the mass of the first stars. Alternatively, if sufficiently massive Pop. III stars are found, they might be used to bound dark matter properties.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, 3 Tables updated captions and graphs, corrected grammer, and added citations revised for submission to JCAP
Enhancement of JC-B Properties in MoSi2 doped MgB2 tapes
Creators: name: Zhang, Xianping
name: Ma, Yanwei
name: Gao, Zhaoshun
name: Yu, Zhengguang
name: Nishijima, G.
name: Watanabe, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MoSi2 doped MgB2 tapes with different doping levels were prepared through the in-situ powder-in-tube method using Fe as the sheath material. Effect of MoSi2 doping on the MgB2/Fe tapes was investigated. It is found that the highest JC value was achieved in the 2.5 at.% doped samples, more than a factor of 4 higher compared to the undoped tapes at 4.2 K, 10 T, then further increasing the doping ratio caused a reduction of JC. Moreover, all doped tapes exhibited improved magnetic field dependence of Jc. The enhancement of JC-B properties in MoSi2 doped MgB2 tapes is attributed to good grain linkage and the introduction of effective flux pining centers with the doping.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, to be published
Capillary-tissue exchange of substrates and nucleosides in cardiac energetics modeling
Creators: name: Bassingthwaighte, James
name: Jardine, Bartholomew
name: Raymond, Gary M.
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: The modeling of cardiac energetics involves all of the elements of supply or demand in the setting of a dynamical system that is complicated: the exchange processes are distributed in space, requiring partial differential equations, and heterogeneous, requiring modeling many parallel units of similar structure but different flows and metabolism, yet interacting with each other mechanically. The model includes the pathways for oxygen, glucose and fatty acid, and provides a basis for uncertainty quantification  in prediction. Integrating multicomponent, multiscale models for computer simulations for the analysis of data is facilitated for reconstruction and maintenance by using modular construction. For example modularity allows easy substitution of one NaKATPase for another. Not all the internal structure of a module needs to be considered, but just the connecting variables such as the fluxes of Na, K, and charge, assuming constancy of temperature, pH, and other influences. For data analysis, high fidelity mechanistic components can be used for parts of the system while keeping other parts at a descriptive level. The differential equation modeling platform, JSim, was used for simulations; it is designed for model-based analysis of data using behavioral analysis, sensitivity analysis, automated optimization methods, and MonteCarlo for uncertainty quantification. The MPC (Modular Program Constructor) was used to put the model together semi-automatically from off-the-shelf components.
Determinants of health and well-being among older persons in the Philippines
Creators: name: Abalos, Jeofrey
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2019

description: This thesis aims to investigate the factors associated with health and well-being of older people in the Philippines, by focusing on the role of different types of resources, including socioeconomic resources and various forms of social support. This thesis extends the literature on the health and well-being of older people in several ways. First, it goes beyond the individualistic approach of studying determinants of health by also looking at how socioeconomic resources of children also influence parental health. Second, it does not only examine how social support such as living arrangement is associated with the well-being of older people, but it also examines whether living arrangement concordance - the fit between actual and preferred living arrangement - is also related to their well-being. Third, unlike previous research that tends to aggregate different types of intergenerational support into one indicator, this research distinguishes these different forms of support and assesses how each type have different implications for the well-being of older people. Fourth, it provides evidence of variations of healthy ageing at the sub-national level, thus addressing the paucity of research on this topic, particularly in developing countries. Finally, this research is set in the Philippines, a developing country in Southeast Asia that shares the culture and values of its Asian neighbors, but is also heavily influenced by Western values because of its long history of colonization. This unique culture of the Philippines provides a rich contrast to existing research that was mostly set in either Western or other Eastern societies, hence contributing to a more nuanced understanding of health and well-being of older people in a diverse cultural, socio-economic and environmental setting. Data are drawn from the 2007 Philippine Study on Ageing (PSOA) and the 2010 Philippine Census of Population and Housing (CPH).
Transverse motions in sunspot super-penumbral fibrils
Creators: name: Morton, R. J.
name: Mooroogen, K.
name: Henriques, V. M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sunspots have played a key role in aiding our understanding of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave phenomenon in the Sun's atmosphere, and it is well known they demonstrate a number of wave phenomenon associated with slow MHD modes. Recent studies have shown that transverse wave modes are present throughout the majority of the chromosphere. Using high-resolution Ca II 8542 Å observations from the Swedish Solar Telescope, we provide the first demonstration that the chromospheric super-penumbral fibrils, which span out from the sunspot, also show ubiquitous transverse motions. We interpret these motions as transverse waves, in particular the MHD kink mode. We compile the statistical properties of over 2000 transverse motions to find distributions for periods and amplitudes, finding they are broadly consistent with previous observations of chromospheric transverse waves in quiet Sun fibrils. The very presence of the waves in super-penumbral fibrils raises important questions about how they are generated, and could have implications for our understanding of how MHD wave energy is transferred through the atmosphere of a sunspot.
description: To be published in a Special Issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A
Fundamental constants and their variability in theories of High Energy Physics
Creators: name: Dent, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Standard Model of particle physics and the theory of General Relativity (GR) currently provide a good description of almost all phenomena of particle physics and gravitation that have received controlled experimental tests. However, the Standard Model contains many a priori variable parameters whose values, and whose apparent (near-)constancy, have yet to receive a convincing theoretical explanation. At the same time, GR may now require to be extended or altered at the largest length scales, to account for the recent apparent accelerated cosmological expansion. In this introductory review I present theoretical aspects of the search for explanations of the values and possible variations of fundamental ``constants'', focusing on the possibility of unification of interactions. I also relate cosmological variations to modifications of gravity both locally and cosmologically.
description: 17 pages pdflatex, proceedings of introductory lecture for ACFC Seminar, Bad Honnef 2007, to be published in EPJ Special Topics
An aperture synthesis variant of the Mueller-Lyer-Illusion is sensitive to reference frame manipulation
Creators: name: Schreiber, Kai
name: Morgan, Michael
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: We created a variant of the Müller-Lyer (ML) illusion combining the two classical ML figures into a bisected double arrow surrounded by a rectangular reference frame. The double arrow was revealed only within a small Gaussian aperture around gaze position, while the frame was always drawn in its entirety. As subjects could see only one of the three arrowhead elements at a time, judgments of figure symmetry required synthesis of visual information across sequential fixations. Either a visual reference frame or oculomotor information is required to achieve such synthesis.

We measured the size of the ML illusion with a two alternative forced choice method with a roving pedestal (Morgan, Melmoth and Solomon, 2013), which minimizes the effect of any cognitive biases. Measured illusion size in our aperture stimuli is comparable to that for completely visible controls.

To differentiate between visual and oculomotor synthesis, we introduced eye position based changes in the position of the reference frame which would reduce the size of the illusion for visual, but not for oculomotor synthesis. This manipulation produces a consistent reduction in the size of the ML illusion, suggesting that synthesis is at least in part based on purely visual references.
Coyote stories and miscellaneous content
Creators: name: Hartt, Josepha
name: Halpern, Abraham M.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: yum

description: 4 WAV files. Coyote stories on Side A of first tape (001). For associated notebook, see Margaret Langdon Papers (Bancroft Library), carton 11, folder 4. Digitization by The Audio Archive (Burlingame, California).
The Two-loop Anomalous Dimension Matrix for Soft Gluon Exchange
Creators: name: Aybat, S. Mert
name: Dixon, Lance J.
name: Sterman, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The resummation of soft gluon exchange for QCD hard scattering requires a matrix of anomalous dimensions. We compute this matrix directly for arbitrary 2 to n massless processes for the first time at two loops. Using color generator notation, we show that it is proportional to the one-loop matrix. This result reproduces all pole terms in dimensional regularization of the explicit calculations of massless 2 to 2 amplitudes in the literature, and it predicts all poles at next-to-next-to-leading order in any 2 to n process that has been computed at next-to-leading order. The proportionality of the one- and two-loop matrices makes possible the resummation in closed form of the next-to-next-to-leading logarithms and poles in dimensional regularization for the 2 to n processes.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, revtex
Coresets for Robust Training of Neural Networks against Noisy Labels
Creators: name: Mirzasoleiman, Baharan
name: Cao, Kaidi
name: Leskovec, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern neural networks have the capacity to overfit noisy labels frequently found in real-world datasets. Although great progress has been made, existing techniques are limited in providing theoretical guarantees for the performance of the neural networks trained with noisy labels. Here we propose a novel approach with strong theoretical guarantees for robust training of deep networks trained with noisy labels. The key idea behind our method is to select weighted subsets (coresets) of clean data points that provide an approximately low-rank Jacobian matrix. We then prove that gradient descent applied to the subsets do not overfit the noisy labels. Our extensive experiments corroborate our theory and demonstrate that deep networks trained on our subsets achieve a significantly superior performance compared to state-of-the art, e.g., 6% increase in accuracy on CIFAR-10 with 80% noisy labels, and 7% increase in accuracy on mini Webvision.
A contribution to the study of the performance of steel pipe piles welded to concrete pier cap beams under seismic loads
Creators: name: Steunenberg, Mark
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Ministry of Transportation and Highways of B.C. implemented a modular bridge program in the Province. In the case of a seismic event, ductility is intended to be achieved through yielding of the steel pipe piles. Each pile has a full strength, overhead weld connecting it to an embedded plate which is cast into the precast concrete abutments and pile caps. The steel piles are intended to undergo plastic hinging; however, a high quality overhead weld is not easy to achieve under adverse site conditions. The performance of the weld under seismic loads is not the only concern. There is limited information on the design of large embedded plates using deformed bar concrete anchors made from deformed wire. This investigation focused on the connection between the steel pile and the concrete cap beam. Two full scale pile segments underwent reversed cyclic loading in order to determine the strength and ductility of the connection. Non-linear, two dimensional modelling and linear, three dimensional finite element modelling was performed. The first specimen failed by the desired plastic hinging. The flail strength weld between the pipe and embedded plate did not fail. The strength and ductility of the connection was as predicted. However, there were initial signs that the deformed anchor bars welded to the embedded plate were debonding. The second specimen was a slightly larger pipe welded to the same concrete beam. The second specimen experienced an embedded plate anchorage failure. The strength and ductility were both well below the desired levels. Although the anchors were longer than the recommended development length, the majority of bars slipped rather than fractured. This slippage led to the low strength and poor ductility. The higher than specified anchor strengths combined with the effects of cyclic loading have been identified as the primary reasons for the disturbing debonding which was observed.
Additional file 1 of A combination of mild-moderate hypoxemia and low compliance is highly prevalent in persistent ARDS: a retrospective study
Creators: name: Papoutsi, Eleni
name: Andrianopoulos, Ioannis
name: Mavrikaki, Vasiliki
name: Bolaki, Maria
name: Stamatopoulou, Vagia
name: Toli, Eleni
name: Papathanakos, Georgios
name: Koulouras, Vasilios
name: Kondili, Eumorfia
name: Siempos, Ilias I.
name: Vaporidi, Katerina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1: Supplemental Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients according to status on day 21. Supplemental Table 2. Baseline characteristics and lung mechanics of the patients with pneumonia as primary risk factor for ARDS. Supplemental Table 3. Outcomes on day 21 of patients categorized by their oxygenation-compliance combination at baseline. Supplemental Table 4. Data on 60-day mortality of patients categorized by their oxygenation-compliance combination on day 21. Supplemental Figure 1. Detailed patient flow diagram for both study cohorts. Supplemental Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier curves of mortality up to day 21 of patients categorized by their oxygenation-compliance combination at baseline
Dark matter content and internal dynamics of NGC 4697: NMAGIC particle models from slit data and planetary nebulae velocities
Creators: name: De Lorenzi, Flavio
name: Gerhard, Ortwin
name: Saglia, Roberto P.
name: Sambhus, Niranjan
name: Debattista, Victor P.
name: Pannella, Maurilio
name: Mendez, Roberto H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a dynamical study of NGC 4697, an almost edge-on, intermediate-luminosity, E4 elliptical galaxy, combining new surface brightness photometry, new as well as published long-slit absorption line kinematic data, and published planetary nebulae (PNe) velocity data. The combined kinematic data set extends out to ~= 5' ~= 4.5 R_e and allows us to probe the galaxy's outer halo. For the first time, we model such a dataset with the new and flexible Chi^2-made-to-measure particle code NMAGIC. We extend NMAGIC to include seeing effects, introduce an efficient scheme to estimate the mass-to-light ratio, and incorporate a maximum likelihood technique to account for discrete velocity measurements. For modelling the PNe kinematics we use line-of-sight velocities and velocity dispersions computed on two different spatial grids, and we also use the individual velocity measurements with the likelihood method, in order to make sure that our results are not biased by the way we treat the PNe measurements. We generate axisymmetric self-consistent models as well models including various dark matter halos. These models fit all the mean velocity and velocity dispersion data with Chi^2/N<1, both in the case with only luminous matter and in potentials including quite massive halos. The likelihood analysis together with the velocity histograms suggest that models with low density halos such that the circular velocity v_c ~< 200 km/s at R_e are not consistent with the data. A range of massive halos with v_c ~= 250 km/s at 5R_e fit the PN data best. To derive stronger results would require PN velocities at even larger radii. The best fitting models are slightly radially anisotropic; the anisotropy parameter beta ~= 0.3 at the center, increasing to beta ~= 0.5 at radii >~ 2R_e.
description: 23 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
COREnect 5G PPP webinar: New 5G Core Technologies Innovation Projects
Creators: name: AUSTRALO
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: New 5G Core Technologies Innovation Projects

description: COREnect participated in this webinar as it was elected for funding under the 5G-PPP ICT-42-2020 call: 5G-PPP 5G Core Technologies innovation. It took place on the 16th of February virtualy.
Die Datenlaube: Neues Wissen und Daten aus alten Texten – Mit Wikisource, Wikidata und mit Commons
Creators: name: Bemme, Jens
name: Erlinger, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Wikidata
Wikisource
Citizen Science
Die Gartenlaube

description: ‘Die Datenlaube’ ist ein Citizen Science-Projekt für offene Kulturdaten. Seit 2008 transkribiert eine wachsende Gemeinschaft in Wikisource ‘Die Gartenlaube’, d.h. insgesamt circa 18.500 Artikel des ersten deutschen Massenblatts seit 1853 bis 1899. Dieses Großprojekt steht beispielhaft für die Potentiale ehrenamtlichen Engagements für bibliothekarische Tätigkeiten in Bezug auf Produkte der Massendigitalisierung: Scans, Volltexte, Transkriptionen – und deren Benutzung. Seit Anfang 2019 erfolgt die Erschließung deutscher Wikisource-Dokumente systematisch und offen in Wikidata. Jens Bemme (SLUB Dresden) und Christian Erlinger (Büchereien der Stadt Wien) dokumentieren am Beispiel der ‘Gartenlaube’ wie aus der Verknüpfung der Wikimediaportale Wikipedia, Wikisource, Wikidata und Wikimedia Commons Wissen und offene Bibliotheksressourcen generiert, verbessert und als freie Bildungsressourcen genutzt werden können. Über 13.000 Artikel sind bereits im Volltext durchsuchbar. ‘Die Datenlaube’ ist ein Begleitprojekt, um die bibliographischen Daten der Texte in Wikidata strukturiert anzulegen sowie intellektuell und mit halb-automatischen Werkzeugen zu erschließen. Der Ansatz ‘Structured Data on Commons’ erweitert das Projekt seit Frühjahr 2019 so, dass Wikidata auch zur Beschreibung von Mediendateien im Portal Wikimedia Commons verwendet werden kann. Der Vortrag zeigt die Tools (Skripte, Abfragen, Visualisierungen), die ersten Anwendungen dieser offenen Daten und die Kommunikationswege innerhalb der aktiven örtlich ungebundenen Community für ‘Die Gartenlaube’ und ‘Die Datenlaube’. Dazu gehören bspw. Social Media-Strategien, der regelmäßige Wikisource-Informationsstand in der SLUB Dresden und neue Forschungskooperationen. Anhand von ‘Die Datenlaube’ wird gezeigt, wie mit offener Infrastruktur in Kooperationen von freier Community und Bibliothekspersonal forschungsrelevante Informationsbestände kuratiert, erstellt und gepflegt werden können: vgl. diedatenlaube.github.io.
Local topological obstruction for divisors
Creators: name: Biswas, Indranil
name: Dan, Ananyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14B10, 14B15, 14C30, 14C20, 14C25, 14D07

description: Given a smooth, projective variety $X$ and an effective divisor $D\,\subseteq\, X$, it is well-known that the (topological) obstruction to the deformation of the fundamental class of $D$ as a Hodge class, lies in $H^2(\mathcal{O}_X)$. In this article, we replace $H^2(\mathcal{O}_X)$ by $H^2_D(\mathcal{O}_X)$ and give an analogous topological obstruction theory. We compare the resulting local topological obstruction theory with the geometric obstruction theory (i.e., the obstruction to the deformation of $D$ as an effective Cartier divisor of a first order infinitesimal deformations of $X$). We apply this to study the jumping locus of families of linear systems and the Noether-Lefschetz locus. Finally, we give examples of first order deformations $X_t$ of $X$ for which the cohomology class $[D]$ deforms as a Hodge class but $D$ does not lift as an effective Cartier divisor of $X_t$.
description: To appear in Revista Matem\'atica Complutense
Dynamic Alignment in Driven Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence
Creators: name: Mason, Joanne
name: Cattaneo, Fausto
name: Boldyrev, Stanislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent analytic predictions, we report numerical evidence showing that in driven incompressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence the magnetic- and velocity-field fluctuations locally tend to align the directions of their polarizations. This dynamic alignment is stronger at smaller scales with the angular mismatch between the polarizations decreasing with the scale λapproximately as θ_λ~ λ^{1/4}. This can naturally lead to a weakening of the nonlinear interactions and provide an explanation for the energy spectrum E(k) ~ k^{-3/2} that is observed in numerical experiments of strongly magnetized turbulence.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, minor changes to match published version
Temporal variations in space-time and progenitors of gamma ray burst and millisecond pulsars
Creators: name: Jones, Preston
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A time varying space-time metric is shown to be a source of electromagnetic radiation. The post-Newtonian approximation is used as a realistic model of the connection between the space-time metric and a time varying gravitational potential. Large temporal variations in the metric from the coalescence of colliding black holes and neutron stars are shown to be possible progenitors of gamma ray burst and millisecond pulsars.
description: Accept by International Journal of Modern Physics D
The Protostellar Jet Model of Chondrule Formation
Creators: name: Liffman, Kurt
name: Brown, Michael J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A chondrule formation theory is presented where the chondrule formation zone is located within 0.1 AU of the protosun. This hot, optically thick, inner zone of the solar accretion disk is coincident with the formation region of the protosolar jet. The model assumes that particles, ranging in diameter from 1 micron to 1 cm, can be ejected from the inner-accretion disk by the jet flow, and that the angular momentum of this material is sufficient to eject it from the jet flow. Given these assumptions, any material so ejected, will fly across the face of the accretion disk at speeds greater than the escape velocity of the system. This material can only be recaptured through the action of gas drag. Such a capture process naturally produces aerodynamic size sorting of chondrules and chondrule fragments, while the ejection of refractory dust provides a possible explanation for the observed complementarity between matrix and chondrules. This transfer of material will result in the loss of angular momentum from the upper atmosphere of the outer accretion disk and thereby facilitate the accretion of matter onto the protosun.
A Stochastic Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Non-smooth and Non-convex Optimization
Creators: name: Bian, Fengmiao
name: Liang, Jingwei
name: Zhang, Xiaoqun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is a popular first-order method owing to its simplicity and efficiency. However, similar to other proximal splitting methods, the performance of ADMM degrades significantly when the scale of the optimization problems to solve becomes large. In this paper, we consider combining ADMM with a class of stochastic gradient with variance reduction for solving large-scale non-convex and non-smooth optimization problems. Global convergence of the generated sequence is established under the extra additional assumption that the object function satisfies Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz (KL) property. Numerical experiments on graph-guided fused Lasso and computed tomography are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods.
Cosmology With A Dark Refraction Index
Creators: name: Chen, B.
name: Kantowski, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review Gordon's optical metric and the transport equations for the amplitude and polarization of a geometrical optics wave traveling in a gravity field. We apply the theory to the FLRW cosmologies by associating a refraction index with the cosmic fluid. We then derive an expression for the accumulated effect of a refraction index on the distance redshift relations and fit the Hubble curve of current supernova observations with a non-accelerating cosmological model. We also show that some observational effects caused by inhomogeneities, e.g. the Sachs-Wolfe effect, can be interpreted as being caused by an effective index of refraction, and hence this theory could extend to other speed of light communications such as gravitational radiation and neutrino fluxes.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures
Hertz-linewidth semiconductor lasers using CMOS-ready ultra-high-$Q$ microresonators
Creators: name: Jin, Warren
name: Yang, Qi-Fan
name: Chang, Lin
name: Shen, Boqiang
name: Wang, Heming
name: Leal, Mark A.
name: Wu, Lue
name: Feshali, Avi
name: Paniccia, Mario
name: Vahala, Kerry J.
name: Bowers, John E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Driven by narrow-linewidth bench-top lasers, coherent optical systems spanning optical communications, metrology and sensing provide unrivalled performance. To transfer these capabilities from the laboratory to the real world, a key missing ingredient is a mass-produced integrated laser with superior coherence. Here, we bridge conventional semiconductor lasers and coherent optical systems using CMOS-foundry-fabricated microresonators with record high $Q$ factor over 260 million and finesse over 42,000. Five orders-of-magnitude noise reduction in the pump laser is demonstrated, and for the first time, fundamental noise below 1 Hz$^2$ Hz$^{-1}$ is achieved in an electrically-pumped integrated laser. Moreover, the same configuration is shown to relieve dispersion requirements for microcomb generation that have handicapped certain nonlinear platforms. The simultaneous realization of record-high $Q$ factor, highly coherent lasers and frequency combs using foundry-based technologies paves the way for volume manufacturing of a wide range of coherent optical systems.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
Analytic and numerical investigation of lattice models
Creators: name: Kels, Andrew Paul
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Lattice dynamics
subject: Quantum theory Mathematical models
subject: Mathematical physics

description: The goal of this thesis is to present some novel results for solvable lattice models. In chapter 2 a limit is taken of the master solution that gives an integrable model generalising the Faddeev-Volkov model, first described by Spiridonov. There are properties of this model that arise quite similarly to that of the Faddeev-Volkov model, that are given in this chapter. This includes an integrable "dual spin'' lattice model, with Boltzmann weights parameterised by gamma functions, that appears in the strong coupling regime, and the quasi-classical limit of the model and its relation to the discrete hyperbolic geometry. In chapter 3 hyperbolic and rational degenerations of the master solution are taken that give various solutions of the star-triangle relation. These limits can be viewed as unphysical lattice models in the sense that their Boltzmann weights are not always positive. The aim of this chapter is to show that most of the discrete equations in the Adler, Bobenko, and Suris (ABS) list arise in a quasi-classical expansion of these models. This extends previously known limits of the master solution and Faddeev-Volkov model to the rest of the ABS list, including asymmetric H equations recently classified by Boll and Suris. In chapter 4 a star-star relation conjectured by Bazhanov and Sergeev is proven by relating it to a multivariate elliptic hypergeometric integral identity of Rains. Also the hyperbolic degeneration of the star-star relation is shown to give a new multi-spin model parameterised by the non-compact quantum dilogarithm. A quasi-classical expansion of this model gives a multi-spin generalisation of the Q3 discrete Laplace type integrable system. The corner transfer matrix algorithm was successfully used by Mangazeev et al. to study the two dimensional Ising model around the critical point. Chapter 5 describes a modification of their algorithm to work with the chiral models whose Boltzmann weights don't possess the spin reflection symmetry property. Convergence is tested against the exact values of observables in the integrable Kashiwara-Miwa and chiral Potts models. The convergence decreases approaching the critical point as expected, while away from criticality the convergence is limited by the precision of the software.
Bipolar spin filter in a quantum dot molecule
Creators: name: Mireles, F.
name: Cota, E.
name: Rojas, F.
name: Ulloa, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the tunable hybridization between two lateral quantum dots connected to non-magnetic current leads in a `hanging-dot' configuration that can be used to implement a bipolar spin filter. The competition between Zeeman, exchange interaction, and interdot tunneling (molecular hybridization) yields a singlet-triplet transition of the double dot {\it ground state} that allows spin filtering in Coulomb blockade experiments. Its generic nature should make it broadly useful as a robust bidirectional spin polarizer.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures (to appear in Appl. Phys. Lett.)
Machine learning and optimization-based approaches to duality in statistical physics
Creators: name: Ferrari, Andrea E. V.
name: Gupta, Prateek
name: Iqbal, Nabil
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2024

description: The notion of duality -- that a given physical system can have two different mathematical descriptions -- is a key idea in modern theoretical physics. Establishing a duality in lattice statistical mechanics models requires the construction of a dual Hamiltonian and a map from the original to the dual observables. By using simple neural networks to parameterize these maps and introducing a loss function that penalises the difference between correlation functions in original and dual models, we formulate the process of duality discovery as an optimization problem. We numerically solve this problem and show that our framework can rediscover the celebrated Kramers-Wannier duality for the 2d Ising model, reconstructing the known mapping of temperatures. We also discuss an alternative approach which uses known features of the mapping of topological lines to reduce the problem to optimizing the couplings in a dual Hamiltonian, and explore next-to-nearest neighbour deformations of the 2d Ising duality. We discuss future directions and prospects for discovering new dualities within this framework.
Additional file 1 of Biochemical and transcriptomic evaluation of a 3D lung organoid platform for pre-clinical testing of active substances targeting senescence
Creators: name: Brand, Michelle
name: Ritzmann, Felix
name: Kattler, Kathrin
name: Milasius, Deivydas
name: Yao, Yiwen
name: Herr, Christian
name: Kirsch, Susanne H.
name: Müller, Rolf
name: Yildiz, Daniela
name: Bals, Robert
name: Beisswenger, Christoph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1: Supplemental information
The Payload Data Handling Unit (PDHU) on-board the HERMES-TP and HERMES-SP CubeSat Missions
Creators: name: Guzman, A.
name: Pliego, S.
name: Bayer, J.
name: Evangelista, Y.
name: La Rosa, G.
name: Sottile, G.
name: Curzel, S.
name: Campana, R.
name: Fiore, F.
name: Fuschino, F.
name: Colagrossi, A.
name: Fiorito, M.
name: Nogara, P.
name: Piazzolla, R.
name: Russo, F.
name: Santangelo, A.
name: Tenzer, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites (HERMES) Technological and Scientific pathfinder is a space borne mission based on a constellation of LEO nanosatellites. The payloads of these CubeSats consist of miniaturized detectors designed for bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). This platform aims to impact Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) science and enhance the detection of Gravitational Wave (GW) electromagnetic counterparts. This goal will be achieved with a field of view of several steradians, arcmin precision and state of the art timing accuracy. The localization performance for the whole constellation is proportional to the number of components and inversely proportional to the average baseline between them, and therefore is expected to increase as more. In this paper we describe the Payload Data Handling Unit (PDHU) for the HERMES-TP and HERMES SP mission. The PDHU is the main interface between the payload and the satellite bus. The PDHU is also in charge of the on-board control and monitoring of the scintillating crystal detectors. We will explain the TM/TC design and the distinct modes of operation. We also discuss the on-board data processing carried out by the PDHU and its impact on the output data of the detector.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures. Proceedings of SPIE "Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation" 2020
Development of a gamma logger to work in conjunction with the CPT for geotechnical and environmental applications
Creators: name: Singha, Sandeep
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The piezocone (CPTU) is a commonly used instrument to assess soil parameters and soil type in geotechnical investigations. However, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between two soil types that are only subtly different such as fine sand and silty sand with the CPTU. In these cases an alternate method of determining soil type may be required. In order to assess soil type, we may measure the fines content of the soil. One method of assessing fines content within a soil is to measure the natural gamma radiation decay for the common clay mineral constituents potassium and thorium. A gamma logging module has been developed that fits the aforementioned cone penetrometer and records natural gamma data while the CPTU is performed. This test has been labelled the Gamma Cone Penetration Test(GCPT). Since emitted gamma radiation increases with increasing fines content, the instrument can be used to qualitatively distinguish soil type and fines content based on local correlations. Another application of the GCPT is for the measurement of insitu soil density. The back scatter from a module containing a small Cesium source mounted below the GCPT can be correlated to soil density. The GCPT also has environmental applications. It can be used locate radioactive contamination based on a gross gamma count log. Once the contamination is located, the GCPT can measure the gamma energy spectrum in order to identify the radioactive isotope. Since the GCPT is a penetration tool, there are no drill cuttings brought to the surface and worker exposure to potentially hazardous radiation is minimized.