cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Looking for non-compliant documents using error messages from multiple parsers
Creators: name: Robinson, Michael
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Whether a file is accepted by a single parser is not a reliable indication of whether a file complies with its stated format and presents minimal risk to the user. Bugs within both the parser and the format specification mean that a compliant file may fail to parse, or that a non-compliant file might be read without any apparent trouble the latter situation presents a significant security risk, and should be avoided. This paper suggests that a better way to assess format specification compliance is to examine the set of error messages produced by a set of parsers rather than a single parser. If both a sample of compliant files and a sample of non-compliant files are available, then we show how a statistical test based on a pseudo-likelihood ratio can be very effective at determining a file's compliance and safety. Our method is format agnostic, and does not directly rely upon a formal specification of the format. Although this paper focuses upon the case of the PDF format (ISO 32000-2), we make no attempt to use any specific details of the format. Furthermore, we show how principal components analysis can be useful for a format specification designer to assess the quality and structure of these samples of files and parsers. While these tests are absolutely rudimentary, it appears that their use to measure file format variability and to identify non-compliant files is both novel and surprisingly effective.
Looking for non-compliant documents using error messages from multiple parsers
Creators: name: Robinson, Michael
Publisher: name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: Whether a file is accepted by a single parser is not a reliable indication of whether a file complies with its stated format and presents minimal risk to the user. Bugs within both the parser and the format specification mean that a compliant file may fail to parse, or that a non-compliant file might be read without any apparent trouble the latter situation presents a significant security risk, and should be avoided. This paper suggests that a better way to assess format specification compliance is to examine the set of error messages produced by a set of parsers rather than a single parser. If both a sample of compliant files and a sample of non-compliant files are available, then we show how a statistical test based on a pseudo-likelihood ratio can be very effective at determining a file's compliance and safety. Our method is format agnostic, and does not directly rely upon a formal specification of the format. Although this paper focuses upon the case of the PDF format (ISO 32000-2), we make no attempt to use any specific details of the format. Furthermore, we show how principal components analysis can be useful for a format specification designer to assess the quality and structure of these samples of files and parsers. While these tests are absolutely rudimentary, it appears that their use to measure file format variability and to identify non-compliant files is both novel and surprisingly effective.
Additional file 1 of Absolute versus relative socioeconomic disadvantage and homicide: a spatial ecological case–control study of US zip codes
Creators: name: Gobaud, Ariana N.
name: Mehranbod, Christina A.
name: Dong, Beidi
name: Dodington, James
name: Morrison, Christopher N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Title of data: Matched cases and controls from participating NVDRS states in 2017. Description of data: Cases and controls were selected from the 34 states and four counties in California participating in the CDC's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). Case units were defined as the 250 ZIP codes with the highest per capita incidence of violent homicide deaths in 2017. Selected cases had ≥ 5 deaths. ZIP codes eligible for selection as control units (i) had no violent deaths in 2017 and (ii) were located within the 35 NVDRS states. Cases and controls were matched on proportion Black, proportion Hispanic, proportion Asian, proportion male, proportion aged 15 to 24, and proportion aged 25 to 34.
Surfactant Driven Fracture of Interfacial Particle Rafts
Creators: name: Vella, Dominic
name: Kim, Ho-Young
name: Aussillous, Pascale
name: Mahadevan, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamic fracture of a close-packed monolayer of particles, or particle raft, floating at a liquid-gas interface induced by the localised addition of surfactant. Unusually for a two-dimensional solid, our experiments show that the speed of crack propagation here is not affected by the elastic properties of the raft. Instead it is controlled by the rate at which surfactant is advected to the crack tip by means of the induced Marangoni flows. Further, the velocity of propagation is not constant in time and the length of the crack scales as $t^{3/4}$. More broadly, this surfactant induced rupture of interfacial rafts suggests ways to manipulate them for applications.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, revised verison
INCREASING PALINKA RECOGNITION WITH TOURISM AND GASTRONOMY
Creators: name: Imre, Milan Harcsa
name: Imre, Milan Harcsa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: palinka tourism
subject: tours and festivals
subject: burgeon of palinka sortiment

description: The history of Hungarian palinka distillation dates back thousands of years. Palinka is a special product; its quality features are being increasingly recognized and appreciated by consumers. Our national drink went through considerable transformations in the past years, as it left the village environment behind and has become a Hungaricum, popular with young people. The authorization of home distilling in September 2010 was a key factor in its gaining ground in the country. In connection with this topic, the international practice of beverage tourism has been reviewed. After that, the Hungarian practice was examined, including the selection of palinka festivals, thematic palinka tours and palinka product ranges in 19 counties and in Budapest based on a total of 100 restaurants. Using SWOT analysis I revealed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of palinka gastronomy and pálinka industry. Overall, it was found that the popularity of pálinka is increasing, but the thematic pálinka tours have not yet widened, and there is a need for more procedures supported by community marketing.
description: DOI: 10.19041/APSTRACT/2017/3-4/6 ISSN 1789-7874
Eudera bisulcata
Creators: name: Pace, Roberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Eudera
Eudera bisulcata

description: Eudera bisulcata (ERICHSON, 1840)
 Homalota bisulcata ERICHSON, 1840: 117
 Ophioglossa bisulcata: BERNHAUER & SCHEERPELTZ, 1926: 569 Eudera bisulcata: PACE, 1996: 397
3 esemplari, Guyane Fr., Caussade, 7.XI.2011, leg. T. Struyve; 1 , Guyane Fr., Coralie, 16.XI.2011, leg. T. Struyve (IRSNB, SDEI).
 Distribuzione: Colombia e Brasile.
 Nota: Serie tipica da me esaminata composta di 1  n° 5454 (MNHUB).
description: Published as part of Pace, Roberto, 2014, Introduzione alla conoscenza della sottofamiglia Aleocharinae della Guyana Francese: Parte II (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), pp. 83-92 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 64 (1) on page 86, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.64.1.83-92, http://zenodo.org/record/4753602
Trilemma of Nordic–Baltic forestry—how to implement UN Sustainable Development Goals
Creators: name: Högbom, Lars
name: Abbas, Dalia
name: Armolaitis, Kestutis
name: Baders, Endijs
name: Futter, Martyn
name: Jansons, Aris
name: Jõgiste, Kalev
name: Lazdins, Andis
name: Lukmine, Diana
name: Mustonen, Mika
name: Øistad, Knut
name: Poska, Anneli
name: Rautio, Pasi
name: Svensson, Johan
name: Vodde, Floor
name: Varnagiryte-Kabašinskiene, Iveta
name: Weslien, Jan
name: Wilhelmsson, Lars
name: Zute, Daiga
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Forests are the dominant land cover in Nordic–Baltic countries, and forestry, the management of forests for improved ecosystem-service (ES) delivery, is an important contributor to sustainability. Forests and forestry support multiple United Nations Sustainability Goals (UN SDGs) and a number of EU policies, and can address conflicting environmental goals. Forests provide multiple ecosystem services and natural solutions, including wood and fibre production, food, clear and clean water and air, animal and plant habitats, soil formation, aesthetics, and cultural and social services. Carbon sequestered by growing trees is a key factor in the envisaged transition from a fossil-based to a biobased economy. Here, we highlight the possibilities of forest-based solutions to mitigate current and emerging societal challenges. We discuss forestry effects on forest ecosystems, focusing on the optimisation of ES delivery and the fulfilment of UN SDGs while counteracting unwanted effects. In particular, we highlight the trilemma of (i) increasing wood production to substitute raw fossil materials, (ii) increasing forest carbon storage capacity, and (iii) improving forest biodiversity and other ES delivery.
Trilemma of Nordic–Baltic forestry—how to implement UN Sustainable Development Goals
Creators: name: Högbom, Lars
name: Abbas, Dalia
name: Armolaitis, Kestutis
name: Baders, Endijs
name: Futter, Martyn
name: Jansons, Aris
name: Jõgiste, Kalev
name: Lazdins, Andis
name: Lukmine, Diana
name: Mustonen, Mika
name: Øistad, Knut
name: Poska, Anneli
name: Rautio, Pasi
name: Svensson, Johan
name: Vodde, Floor
name: Varnagiryte-Kabašinskiene, Iveta
name: Weslien, Jan
name: Wilhelmsson, Lars
name: Zute, Daiga
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences

description: Forests are the dominant land cover in Nordic–Baltic countries, and forestry, the management of forests for improved ecosystem-service (ES) delivery, is an important contributor to sustainability. Forests and forestry support multiple United Nations Sustainability Goals (UN SDGs) and a number of EU policies, and can address conflicting environmental goals. Forests provide multiple ecosystem services and natural solutions, including wood and fibre production, food, clear and clean water and air, animal and plant habitats, soil formation, aesthetics, and cultural and social services. Carbon sequestered by growing trees is a key factor in the envisaged transition from a fossil-based to a biobased economy. Here, we highlight the possibilities of forest-based solutions to mitigate current and emerging societal challenges. We discuss forestry effects on forest ecosystems, focusing on the optimisation of ES delivery and the fulfilment of UN SDGs while counteracting unwanted effects. In particular, we highlight the trilemma of (i) increasing wood production to substitute raw fossil materials, (ii) increasing forest carbon storage capacity, and (iii) improving forest biodiversity and other ES delivery.
Influence of Ising-anisotropy on the zero-temperature phase transition in the square lattice spin-1/2 J-J' model
Creators: name: Darradi, R.
name: Richter, J.
name: Krueger, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a variational mean-field like approach, the coupled cluster method (CCM) and exact diagonalization to investigate the ground-state order-disorder transition for the square lattice spin-half XXZ model with two different nearest-neighbor couplings $J$ and $J'$. Increasing $J' > J$ the model shows in the isotropic Heisenberg limit a second-order transition from semi-classical Néel order to a quantum paramagnetic phase with enhanced local dimer correlations on the $J'$ bonds at about $J'_{c} \sim 2.5 ... 3 J$. This transition is driven by the quantum competition between $J'$ and $J$. Increasing the anisotropy parameter $Δ> 1$ we diminish the quantum fluctuations and thus the degree of competition. As a result the transition point $J'_{c}$ is shifted to larger values. We find indications for a linear increase of $J'_{c}$ with $Δ$, i.e. the transition disappears in the Ising limit $Δ\to \infty$.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 2 of Absolute versus relative socioeconomic disadvantage and homicide: a spatial ecological case–control study of US zip codes
Creators: name: Gobaud, Ariana N.
name: Mehranbod, Christina A.
name: Dong, Beidi
name: Dodington, James
name: Morrison, Christopher N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Title of data: Randomly selected cases and controls from participating NVDRS states in 2017. Description of data: Cases and controls were selected from the 34 states and four counties in California participating in the CDC's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). Case units were defined as the 250 ZIP codes with the highest per capita incidence of violent homicide deaths in 2017. Selected cases had ≥ 5 deaths. ZIP codes eligible for selection as control units (i) had no violent deaths in 2017 and (ii) were located within the 35 NVDRS states. Eligible controls had a population ≥ 25,000 and were randomly selected with replacement.
Interpolating from AdS_(D-2) X S^2 to AdS_D
Creators: name: Cucu, S.
name: Lu, H.
name: Vazquez-Poritz, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a large class of supersymmetric magnetic brane solutions supported by U(1) gauge fields in AdS gauged supergravities. We obtain first-order equations in terms of a superpotential. In particular, we find systems which interpolate between AdS_{D-2}\times Ω^2 (where Ω^2=S^2 or H^2) in the horizon and AdS_D-type geometry in the asymptotic region, for 4\le D\le 7. The boundary geometry of the AdS_D-type metric is Minkowski_{D-3}\times Ω^2. This provides smooth supergravity solutions for which the boundary of the AdS spacetime compactifies spontaneously. These solutions indicate the existence of a large class of superconformal field theories in diverse dimensions whose renormalization group flow runs from the UV to the IR fixed point. We show that the same set of first-order equations also admits solutions which are asymptotically AdS_{D-2}\times Ω^2 but singular at small distance. This implies that the stationary AdS_{D-2}\times Ω^2 solutions typically lie on the inflection points of the modulus space.
description: Latex three times, 49 pages, 9 figures
Role of pharmacogenetics and clinical parameters on nevirapine plasma concentration among HIV-1 patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Kenya
Creators: name: Mungiria Juster
name: Gitonga, Lucy
name: Muraya, Moses
name: Mwaniki, John
name: Ngayo, Musa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111501 Basic Pharmacology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: These are the consent form and structured interview guide used in the study
Probing the atmospheric Cl isotopic ratio on Mars : implications for planetary evolution and atmospheric chemistry
Creators: name: Liuzzi, Giuliano
name: Villanueva, Geronimo L.
name: Viscardy, Sebastien
name: Mège, Daniel
name: Crismani, Matteo M.J.
name: Aoki, Shohei
name: Gurgurewicz, Joanna
name: Tesson, Pierre-Antoine
name: Mumma, Michael J.
name: Smith, Michael D.
name: Faggi, Sara
name: Kofman, Vincent
name: Knutsen, Elise W.
name: Daerden, Frank
name: Neary, Lori
name: Schmidt, Frédéric
name: Trompet, Loïc
name: Erwin, Justin T.
name: Robert, Séverine
name: Thomas, Ian R.
name: Ristic, Bojan
name: Bellucci, Giancarlo
name: López Moreno, José Juan
name: Patel, Manish R.
name: Vandaele, Ann Carine
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Following the recent detection of HCl in the atmosphere of Mars by ExoMars/Trace Gas Orbiter, we present here the first measurement of the 37Cl/35Cl isotopic ratio in the Martian atmosphere using a set of Nadir Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) observations. We determine an isotopic anomaly of −6 ± 78‰ compared to Earth standard, consistent with the −51‰–−1‰ measured on Mars’ surface by Curiosity. The measured isotopic ratio is also consistent with surface measurements, and suggests that Cl reservoirs may have undergone limited processing since formation in the Solar Nebula. The examination of possible sources and sinks of HCl shows only limited pathways to short-term efficient Cl fractionation and many plausible reservoirs of “light” Cl.
Regarding the Accretion of 2003 VB12 (Sedna) and Like Bodies in Distant Heliocentric Orbits
Creators: name: Stern, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Brown et al. (2004) reported the exciting discovery of an ~800 km radius object, (90377) Sedna, on a distant, eccentric orbit centered at ~490 AU from the Sun. Here we undertake a first look exploring the feasibility of accreting this object and its possible cohorts between 75 AU (Sedna's perihelion distance) and 500 AU (Sedna's semi-major axis distance) from the Sun. We find such accretion possible in a small fraction of the age of the solar system, if such objects were initially on nearly circular orbits in this region, and if the solar nebula extended outward to distances far beyond the Kuiper Belt. If Sedna did form in situ, it is likely to be accompanied by a cohort of other large bodies in this region of the solar system.
description: 06 pages, plus 2 tables and 2 figures
Eudera didyma
Creators: name: Pace, Roberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Eudera
Eudera didyma

description: Eudera didyma (ERICHSON, 1840)
 Homalota didyma ERICHSON, 1840: 116
 Ophioglossa didyma: BERNHAUER & SCHEERPELTZ, 1926: 570 Eudera didyma: PACE, 1996: 397
1 , Guyane Fr., Barrage Petit Saut, 10.XI.2011, leg. T. Struyve (IRSNB).
 Distribuzione: Brasile, Venezuela, Colombia, Guadalupa e S. Thomas.
 Nota: Serie tipica da me esaminata composta di 3  e 2  n° 5453 (MNHUB).
description: Published as part of Pace, Roberto, 2014, Introduzione alla conoscenza della sottofamiglia Aleocharinae della Guyana Francese: Parte II (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), pp. 83-92 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 64 (1) on page 86, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.64.1.83-92, http://zenodo.org/record/4753602
Probing the atmospheric Cl isotopic ratio on Mars : implications for planetary evolution and atmospheric chemistry
Creators: name: Liuzzi, Giuliano
name: Villanueva, Geronimo L.
name: Viscardy, Sebastien
name: Mège, Daniel
name: Crismani, Matteo M.J.
name: Aoki, Shohei
name: Gurgurewicz, Joanna
name: Tesson, Pierre-Antoine
name: Mumma, Michael J.
name: Smith, Michael D.
name: Faggi, Sara
name: Kofman, Vincent
name: Knutsen, Elise W.
name: Daerden, Frank
name: Neary, Lori
name: Schmidt, Frédéric
name: Trompet, Loïc
name: Erwin, Justin T.
name: Robert, Séverine
name: Thomas, Ian R.
name: Ristic, Bojan
name: Bellucci, Giancarlo
name: López Moreno, José Juan
name: Patel, Manish R.
name: Vandaele, Ann Carine
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 5101
subject: Astronomical sciences

description: Following the recent detection of HCl in the atmosphere of Mars by ExoMars/Trace Gas Orbiter, we present here the first measurement of the 37Cl/35Cl isotopic ratio in the Martian atmosphere using a set of Nadir Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) observations. We determine an isotopic anomaly of −6 ± 78‰ compared to Earth standard, consistent with the −51‰–−1‰ measured on Mars’ surface by Curiosity. The measured isotopic ratio is also consistent with surface measurements, and suggests that Cl reservoirs may have undergone limited processing since formation in the Solar Nebula. The examination of possible sources and sinks of HCl shows only limited pathways to short-term efficient Cl fractionation and many plausible reservoirs of “light” Cl.
WHAT DIFFERENTIATES THE ENTREPRENEURS FROM NON-ENTREPRENEURS ON NATURE AND NURTURE?
Creators: name: Kazmi, Syed Zaheer Abbas
name: Samiuddin Khan
name: Andras Nabradi
name: Kazmi, Syed Zaheer Abbas
name: Samiuddin Khan
name: Andras Nabradi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: self-confidence
subject: trust levels
subject: locus of control
subject: societal impacts
subject: discriminant analysis

description: Based on the importance and contribution of entrepreneurship in economic development, it is vital to know that what underlying factors may promote the spirit of entrepreneurship? The entrepreneurship literature suggests two kinds of broader influencers or predictors for entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs “nature” and “nurture”. In this study “nature” includes the psychological or personality related factors; self-confidence, locus of control, risk-taking propensity and trust levels. The “nurture” is explained by the effects from society in general and friends and family in particular. To answer the question “What differentiates the entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs on nature and nurture?” we collected data through questionnaire from 155 respondents. The 70 respondents were entrepreneurs and 85 were non-entrepreneurs. Step-wise discriminant analysis was used to determine the discriminating factors for entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs. Results indicate that societal impacts, risk taking propensity and trust levels were significantly discriminating the two groups; entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. The study has important implications for policy makers, academicians, researchers and potential entrepreneurs.
description: DOI: 10.19041/APSTRACT/2017/3-4/7 ISSN 1789-7874
title: Characterization of molecular targets for differential regulation of the type I and III interferon induction and signalling pathways by rotavirus NSP1
Creators: name: Iaconis, G
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2019

description: Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhoea in infants, infecting almost every child by 3-5 years of age and causing approximately 590,000 gastroenteritis-associated deaths world-wide both in developed and developing countries. The virus infects the young of all mammalian species and cross-species infections and zoonosis events have been reported. However, RV is host replication-restricted during heterologous infection for reasons that are not fully understood. Type I and type III interferons (IFNs) constitute the first line of defence against viral infection. Their expression is triggered when specific viral components (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns – PAMPs), such as dsRNA, are detected within the cells by specific host proteins, Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR). Once secreted, IFNs bind their specific receptors inducing the expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), establishing an antiviral state. RV non-structural protein 1 (NSP1), exhibits the greatest sequence variability of any of RV protein. Although non-essential for RV replication in cell culture, NSP1 has been suggested as a virulence factor modulating the host innate immunity. RV NSP1-mediated ability to modulate the IFN response is conserved between strains infecting different species, however, it has been reported that targets within the induction and signalling pathways vary between strains. NSP1 derived from viruses infecting monkeys (RRV, SA) and mice (EW) appear to preferentially target IRF-3 to induce its proteasome-mediated degradation, while NSP1 of porcine origin (OSU) targets β-TrCP, preventing NF-κB activation. In contrast, NSP1 from RV strain UKtc infecting cattle appears to target both IRF-3 and β-TrCP. In order to establish if the observed RV host-range restriction is related to the ability of NSP1 to selectively target different components of the IFN pathways, Y-2-H analysis were performed. A panel of NSP1 derived from RV infecting different mammal species were tested for their binding ability against components of the IFN induction pathway. Indeed NSP1 showed a strain-dependent ability to interact with IRF-3. A series of luciferase reporters have shown that NSP1 was able to downregulate the induction of type I and type III IFNs at their transcriptional level and how this downregulation varied between NSP1 derived from different strains. In addition, NSP1 appeared to target the IFN signalling pathway, blocking ISGs transcription. Moreover, NSP1 showed a strain-dependent expression level.
REASONS FOR AND OBSTACLES TO CYCLING IN OPINIONS OF RESIDENTS OF DEBRECEN, HUNGARY
Creators: name: Kosztin, Nikolett
name: Tőzsér, József
name: Csernoch, László
name: Balatoni, Ildikó
name: Kosztin, Nikolett
name: Tőzsér, József
name: Csernoch, László
name: Balatoni, Ildikó
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: bicycle paths
subject: sport
subject: transport
subject: development
subject: tourism
subject: environmental benefits

description: It is a basic aim of the European Union that due to the developments in 2014-2020 the bicycle would become one of the most often used transportation, touristic, and sports equipment. We were interested to see to what extent is bicycling present in the transportation system of Debrecen and what are the most important reasons for its residents to use the bicycles. The dedication of Debrecen to promote cycling is clearly proven by the number of newly built or resurfaced bike paths and by the fact that the University of Debrecen has introduced – alone in the region – UniBike which is a bicycle renting system brought forth by the need of its students. Here we present the developments that took place in the North Plain Region in the past few years. We have also analyzed the national and European strategies and reports on bicycling. A survey was conducted among the youth of Debrecen to explore their cycling habits. The data were evaluated using the EvaSys program. Until the end of 2011 with the help of different funds 862 km of bike paths had been built in Hungary. In the North Plain Region due to funds totaling 777 million HUF 15.7 km long bike paths had been constructed until 2015. The development of tourism in this direction is promoted by the web-pages and brochures offering bicycle-tours around Debrecen. Nevertheless, bicycling in the neighboring townships is present not as an instrument for sports and/or tourism, rather as a mean of transportation. It is a clear goal in Europe and thus in Hungary to have bike paths that can provide the means of safe cycling. In parallel, it is also important to promote the benefits of bicycling, including positive physiological effects, cost-effectiveness, and environment-friendliness to increase the proportion of those who select bicycling as an alternative.
description: DOI: 10.19041/APSTRACT/2017/3-4/8 ISSN 1789-787
Generalized commutation relations and Non linear momenta theories, a close relationship
Creators: name: Calisto, Hector
name: Leiva, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A revision of generalized commutation relations is performed, besides a description of Non linear momenta realization included in some DSR theories. It is shown that these propositions are closely related, specially we focus on Magueijo Smolin momenta and Kempf et al. and L.N. Chang generalized commutators. Due to this, a new algebra arises with its own features that is also analyzed.
description: accepted version in IJMPD
Time to rethink trophic levels in aquaculture policy
Creators: name: Cottrell, Richard S.
name: Metian, Marc
name: Froehlich, Halley E.
name: Blanchard, Julia L.
name: Jacobsen, Nis Sand
name: McIntyre, Peter B.
name: Nash, Kirsty L.
name: Williams, David R.
name: Bouwman, Lex
name: Gephart, Jessica
name: Kuempel, Caitlin D.
name: Moran, Daniel D.
name: Troell, Max
name: Halpern, Benjamin S.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Aquaculture policy often promotes production of low-trophic level species for sustainable industry growth. Yet, the application of the trophic level concept to aquaculture is complex, and its value for assessing sustainability is further complicated by continual reformulation of feeds. The majority of fed farmed fish and invertebrate species are produced using human-made compound feeds that can differ markedly from the diet of the same species in the wild and continue to change in composition. Using data on aquaculture feeds, we show that technical advances have substantially decreased the mean effective trophic level of farmed species, such as salmon (mean TL = 3.48 to 2.42) and tilapia (2.32 to 2.06), from 1995 to 2015. As farmed species diverge in effective trophic level from their wild counterparts, they are coalescing at a similar effective trophic level due to standardisation of feeds. This pattern blurs the interpretation of trophic level in aquaculture because it can no longer be viewed as a trait of the farmed species, but rather is a dynamic feature of the production system. Guidance based on wild trophic position or historical resource use is therefore misleading. Effective aquaculture policy needs to avoid overly simplistic sustainability indicators such as trophic level. Instead, employing empirically derived metrics based on the specific farmed properties of species groups, management techniques and advances in feed formulation will be crucial for achieving truly sustainable options for farmed seafood.
Surfaces in the four-space and the Davey--Stewartson equations
Creators: name: Taimanov, Iskander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that any equation from the Davey--Stewartson hierarchy induces an infinite family of geometrically different deformations of tori in $\R^4$ preserving the Willmore functional. We expose a derivation of the Weierstrass representation for surfaces in the four-space which is not unique in difference from the case of surfaces in the three-space. This non-uniqueness implies that the spectral curve of a torus in $\R^4$ is not uniquely defined as a complex curve formed by the Floquet multipliers.
description: 24 pages
title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis glycolipids and their effects on HIV-1 infection and replication
Creators: name: Pouget, Marion
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2019

description: Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-infection results in a rapid loss of numerous immunological functions and ultimately leads to death when not treated. The WHO estimated in 2015 that 13 million people were infected by both pathogens, with 390,000 deaths related to tuberculosis among HIV-infected individuals. Mtb and HIV-1 can induce profound changes in the host immune response resulting in Mtb infections causing active disease or the exacerbation of HIV-1 infection. For aiding in the development of new treatments a better understanding of the interactions between both pathogens and the host is crucial. This thesis follows this perspective by aiming to characterise the impact Mtb glycolipids have on modulating HIV-1 infection and to identify Mtb strains that differentially modulate HIV-1 infection and immune cell innate signalling.
ECONOMIC ISSUES OF DUCK PRODUCTION: A CASE STUDY FROM HUNGARY
Creators: name: Szilvia, Molnár
name: László, Szőllősi
name: Szilvia, Molnár
name: László, Szőllősi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: broiler duck production
subject: production parameters
subject: cost and profit
subject: correlation and regression analysis

description: The Hungarian waterfowl sector is characterised by export orientation, as 55-57% of the revenue comes from exports, so its importance is high in the national economy. The production of slaughter animals in the duck sector has doubled in the last decade. The objective of the study is to examine production parameters, as well as the cost and profit situation of broiler duck production and to reveal the correlations between the factors with a case study through the example of a Hungarian company. The production parameters and cost data of the investigated farm (2014-2016, 96 production cycles) were analysed using descriptive statistical methods, correlation and regression analysis. The results show that the average cost of the duck produced in intensive, closed farming system was between 72.6 and 101.7 eurocent kg-1. The most significant cost items were feed (52-63%) and chicken cost (14-19%). The sales price decreased from 112.9 eurocent kg-1 to 98.4 eurocent kg-1 during the examined period, resulting in a profit from -3.3 to 25.7 eurocent kg-1, and overall profitability was decreasing. The study also revealed that there was no correlation between average cost and final bodyweight, while the correlation between average cost and reared period was weak. At the same time, the relationship between average cost and average daily weight gain, mortality, feed conversion ratio was moderate. In addition, the European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) can be adapted to the duck sector as strong, positive relationship can be scientifically verified between the indicator and average cost. There is a close correlation between the sold live weight per m2 and the amount of feed used per m2, as well as between the final bodyweight and the amount of feed used to rear a duck, while the correlation between average cost and the sold live weight per m2 is weak.
description: DOI: 10.19041/APSTRACT/2017/3-4/9 ISSN 1789-7874
title: An investigation of the predictors, barriers and facilitators to recruitment and retention of children and families to oral health trials
Creators: name: Robinson, LM
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2018

description: This thesis presents a detailed investigation into the predictors, barriers and facilitators to recruitment and retention of children and families in oral health trials. Study 1 is a systematic review of the predictors of recruitment and retention to RCTs involving children and families with no specific health focus. This study concludes that younger, those with low socioeconomic backgrounds, less well-educated and ethnic minority parents are less likely to be recruited and retained on RCTs; although there was disagreement between studies. Study 2 has an oral health focus and investigates study design predictors of recruitment and retention to trials involving children and families. The study findings were that trials over a year in length, set in community based settings with healthy participants were most likely to experience problems with recruitment and retention. Study 3 is a qualitative interview and focus group study with participants who continued and/or withdrew from the Salford Bright Smiles Baby Study (a community based early childhood caries trial with children ages 1-3 and their parents). Parents were motivated to take part in the study through wanting to be a better parent and wanting good oral health for their child. Facilitators to participation were flexibility in how the study was designed and delivered, e.g. nursery and home appointments and multiple forms of contact. Amongst the barriers to taking part were fear of being judged by others and the burden of participation. Finally study 4 is a quantitative analysis of the sociodemographic and oral health belief predictors of retention of participants on the Salford Bright Smiles Baby Study. This found that younger, unemployed lesser educated parents were less likely to remain on the trial to the end of the study. The thesis also provides insight into the quality of reporting of recruitment and retention in oral health trials. Whilst study two found that use of the CONSORT guidelines has increased over time, oral health trials still have a lower use of the guidelines than other research areas. To date very few studies have investigated predictors of recruitment and retention with children and families, even fewer in the field of oral health. This thesis presents a unique investigation into the actual barriers and facilitators to participation and provides findings that can be applied to future research with children and families. Specifically, recommendations to increase participation in longitudinal, community based oral health trials are presented.
Time to rethink trophic levels in aquaculture policy
Creators: name: Cottrell, Richard S.
name: Metian, Marc
name: Froehlich, Halley E.
name: Blanchard, Julia L.
name: Jacobsen, Nis Sand
name: McIntyre, Peter B.
name: Nash, Kirsty L.
name: Williams, David R.
name: Bouwman, Lex
name: Gephart, Jessica
name: Kuempel, Caitlin D.
name: Moran, Daniel D.
name: Troell, Max
name: Halpern, Benjamin S.
Publisher: name: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 30
subject: Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences

description: Aquaculture policy often promotes production of low-trophic level species for sustainable industry growth. Yet, the application of the trophic level concept to aquaculture is complex, and its value for assessing sustainability is further complicated by continual reformulation of feeds. The majority of fed farmed fish and invertebrate species are produced using human-made compound feeds that can differ markedly from the diet of the same species in the wild and continue to change in composition. Using data on aquaculture feeds, we show that technical advances have substantially decreased the mean effective trophic level of farmed species, such as salmon (mean TL = 3.48 to 2.42) and tilapia (2.32 to 2.06), from 1995 to 2015. As farmed species diverge in effective trophic level from their wild counterparts, they are coalescing at a similar effective trophic level due to standardisation of feeds. This pattern blurs the interpretation of trophic level in aquaculture because it can no longer be viewed as a trait of the farmed species, but rather is a dynamic feature of the production system. Guidance based on wild trophic position or historical resource use is therefore misleading. Effective aquaculture policy needs to avoid overly simplistic sustainability indicators such as trophic level. Instead, employing empirically derived metrics based on the specific farmed properties of species groups, management techniques and advances in feed formulation will be crucial for achieving truly sustainable options for farmed seafood.
title: Generation and characterization of dapsone- and nitroso-dapsone-specific T-cells: an insight into the molecular pathomechanism of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome.
Creators: name: Alzahrani, AA
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2018

description: Dapsone (DDS) is an antibiotic associated with hypersensitivity reactions in 0.5 to 3.6 % of patients. Although clinical diagnosis is indicative of a drug hypersensitivity reaction, studies have not been performed to define whether dapsone or a metabolite activates specific T-cells. Thus, the aims of this study were to (i) explore the immunogenicity DDS and nitroso DDS (DDS-NO) using PBMC from healthy donors and splenocytes from mice, (ii) generate human T-cell clones to characterize mechanisms of T-cell activation and (iii) explore how the two antigenic forms of the dapsone interact with HLA-B*13:01, which is associated with the development of the DDS hypersensitivity among patients with leprosy. Naïve T-cell priming to DDS and DDS-NO was successful in three human donors.DDS-specific CD4+ T-cell clones generated from 2 donors were stimulated to proliferate in response to the drug via a MHC class II restricted direct binding interaction. Cross reactivity with DDS-NO, DDS-analogues and sulfonamides was not observed. DDS-NO clones were CD4+ and CD8+, MHC class II and I restricted, respectively, and activated via a pathway dependent on covalent binding and antigen processing. DDS and DDS-NO-specific clones secreted a mixture of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, but not granzyme-B. Splenocytes from mice immunized with DDS-NO were stimulated to proliferate in vitro with the nitroso metabolite, but not DDS. In contrast, immunization with DDS did not activate T-cells. To explore whether similar T-cell responses are detected in hypersensitive patients expressing HLA-B*13:01, we obtained samples from 6 patients, and evaluated T-cell specificity and the phenotype of drug-specific clones. Lymphocytes from certain patients proliferated in the presence of DDS and DDS-NO. DDS and DDS-NO-specific CD4+ clones were generated: DDS-specific clones were activated by the drug binding directly to HLA molecules on antigen presenting cells, while DDS-NO-specific clones were activated via a hapten mechanism involving formation of drug protein adducts and antigen processing by antigen presenting cells. Mass spectrometry was used to show that DDS-NO modified cysteine residues on mouse serum albumin and human glutathione-S-transferase P1.
Payouts and stock ownership
Creators: name: Baker, H
name: Dam, Lammertjan
name: Rider, Adri De
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Using a unique Swedish database that records the ultimate stockholdings in public firms, we decompose stock ownership by domiciles using votes rather than cashflows. We then study the impact of variables related to the lifecycle theory of dividends and the catering theory of dividends. We also examine the propensity of firms to pay dividends and/or activate a stock buyback program. Univariate analysis reveals a positive association between a firm's maturity and its likelihood to pay dividends. Logistic regression finds a positive relation between payouts and retained earnings to total assets. Foreign institutional investors are less likely to hold dividend-paying stocks than domestic institutional investors. The analysis finds no support for the catering theory of dividends. After controlling for stock ownership, our evidence is consistent with the lifecycle theory of dividends, which states that more mature firms are associated with dividends. It also supports the transaction cost hypothesis claiming that foreign investors face additional administrative costs when holding dividend-paying stocks.
The basic cohomology of the twisted N=16, D=2 super Maxwell theory
Creators: name: Geyer, B.
name: Mülsch, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a recently proposed two-dimensional Abelian model for a Hodge theory, which is neither a Witten type nor a Schwarz type topological theory. It is argued that this model is not a good candidate for a Hodge theory since, on-shell, the BRST Laplacian vanishes. We show, that this model allows for a natural extension such that the resulting topological theory is of Witten type and can be identified with the twisted N=16, D=2 super Maxwell theory. Furthermore, the underlying basic cohomology preserves the Hodge-type structure and, on-shell, the BRST Laplacian does not vanish.
description: 9 pages, Latex; new Section 4 showing the invariants added; 2 references and relating remarks added
Quantum Electrodynamic Control of Matter: Cavity-Enhanced Ferroelectric Phase Transition
Creators: name: Ashida, Yuto
name: Imamoglu, Atac
name: Faist, Jerome
name: Jaksch, Dieter
name: Cavalleri, Andrea
name: Demler, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light-matter interaction can be utilized to qualitatively alter physical properties of materials. Recent theoretical and experimental studies have explored this possibility of controlling matter by light based on driving many-body systems via strong classical electromagnetic radiation, leading to a time-dependent Hamiltonian for electronic or lattice degrees of freedom. To avoid inevitable heating, pump-probe setups with ultrashort laser pulses have so far been used to study transient light-induced modifications in materials. Here, we pursue yet another direction of controlling quantum matter by modifying quantum fluctuations of its electromagnetic environment. In contrast to earlier proposals on light-enhanced electron-electron interactions, we consider a dipolar quantum many-body system embedded in a cavity composed of metal mirrors, and formulate a theoretical framework to manipulate its equilibrium properties on the basis of quantum light-matter interaction. We analyze hybridization of different types of the fundamental excitations, including dipolar phonons, cavity photons, and plasmons in metal mirrors, arising from the cavity confinement in the regime of strong light-matter interaction. This hybridization qualitatively alters the nature of the collective excitations and can be used to selectively control energy-level structures in a wide range of platforms. Most notably, in quantum paraelectrics, we show that the cavity-induced softening of infrared optical phonons enhances the ferroelectric phase in comparison with the bulk materials. Our findings suggest an intriguing possibility of inducing a superradiant-type transition via the light-matter coupling without external pumping. We also discuss possible applications of the cavity-induced modifications in collective excitations to molecular materials and excitonic devices.
description: 30 pages, 14 figures, to appear in PRX