cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Parameter Search and Dynamic Model Selection for Mixed-Variable Bayesian Optimization
Creators: name: Luo, Hengrui
name: Cho, Younghyun
name: Demmel, James W.
name: Li, Xiaoye S.
name: Liu, Yang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: This article presents a new type of hybrid model for Bayesian optimization (BO) adept at managing mixed variables, encompassing both quantitative (continuous and integer) and qualitative (categorical) types. Our proposed new hybrid models (named hybridM) merge the Monte Carlo Tree Search structure (MCTS) for categorical variables with Gaussian Processes (GP) for continuous ones. hybridM leverages the upper confidence bound tree search (UCTS) for MCTS strategy, showcasing the tree architecture’s integration into Bayesian optimization. Our innovations, including dynamic online kernel selection in the surrogate modeling phase and a unique UCTS search strategy, position our hybrid models as an advancement in mixed-variable surrogate models. Numerical experiments underscore the superiority of hybrid models, highlighting their potential in Bayesian optimization. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Feasibility of measurement-based braiding in the quasi-Majorana regime of semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures
Creators: name: Zeng, Chuanchang
name: Sharma, Gargee
name: Stanescu, Tudor D.
name: Tewari, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the feasibility of measurement-based braiding in semiconductor-superconductor (SM-SC) heterostructures in the so-called quasi-Majorana regime $-$ the topologically-trivial regime due to partially-separated Andreev bound states (ps-ABSs). These low energy ABSs consist of component Majorana bound states (quasi-Majorana modes) that are spatially separated by a length scale smaller than the length of the system, in contrast with the Majorana zero modes (MZMs), which are separated by the length of the wire. In the quasi-Majorana regime, the ZBCPs appear to be robust to various perturbations as long as the energy splitting of the ps-ABS is less than the typical width $\e_w$ of the low-energy conductance peaks $\e_w$. However, the feasibility of measurement-based braiding depends on a different energy scale $\e_m$. In this paper we show that it is possible to prepare the SM-SC system in the quasi-Majorana regime with energy splittings below the $\e_m$ threshold, so that measurement-based braiding is possible in principle. Starting with ps-ABSs with energy below $\e_m$, we identify the maximum amplitudes of different types of perturbations that are consistent with perturbation-induced energy splittings not exceeding the $\e_m$ limit. We argue that measurements generating perturbations larger than the threshold amplitudes appropriate for $\e_m$ cannot realize measurement-based braiding in SM-SC heterostructures in the quasi-Majorana regime. We find that, if possible at all, quantum computation using measurement-based braiding in the quasi-Majorana regime would be plagued with errors introduced by the measurement processes themselves, while such errors are significantly less likely in a scheme involving topological MZMs.
description: 18 pages, 17 figures
Minimum Segmentation for Pan-genomic Founder Reconstruction in Linear Time
Creators: name: Norri, Tuukka
name: Cazaux, Bastien
name: Kosolobov, Dmitry
name: Mäkinen, Veli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Given a threshold $L$ and a set $\mathcal{R} = \{R_1, \ldots, R_m\}$ of $m$ haplotype sequences, each having length $n$, the minimum segmentation problem for founder reconstruction is to partition the sequences into disjoint segments $\mathcal{R}[i_1{+}1,i_2], \mathcal{R}[i_2{+}1, i_3], \ldots, \mathcal{R}[i_{r-1}{+}1, i_r]$, where $0 = i_1 < \cdots < i_r = n$ and $\mathcal{R}[i_{j-1}{+}1, i_j]$ is the set $\{R_1[i_{j-1}{+}1, i_j], \ldots, R_m[i_{j-1}{+}1, i_j]\}$, such that the length of each segment, $i_j - i_{j-1}$, is at least $L$ and $K = \max_j\{ |\mathcal{R}[i_{j-1}{+}1, i_j]| \}$ is minimized. The distinct substrings in the segments $\mathcal{R}[i_{j-1}{+}1, i_j]$ represent founder blocks that can be concatenated to form $K$ founder sequences representing the original $\mathcal{R}$ such that crossovers happen only at segment boundaries. We give an optimal $O(mn)$ time algorithm to solve the problem, improving over earlier $O(mn^2)$. This improvement enables to exploit the algorithm on a pan-genomic setting of haplotypes being complete human chromosomes, with a goal of finding a representative set of references that can be indexed for read alignment and variant calling.
1620 Geographos and 433 Eros: Shaped by Planetary Tides?
Creators: name: Bottke,, W. F.
name: Richardson, D. C.
name: Michel, P.
name: Love, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Until recently, most asteroids were thought to be solid bodies whose shapes were determined largely by collisions with other asteroids. It now seems that many asteroids are little more than rubble piles, held together by self-gravity; this means that their shapes may be strongly distorted by tides during close encounters with planets. Here we report on numerical simulations of encounters between a ellipsoid-shaped rubble-pile asteroid and the Earth. After an encounter, many of the simulated asteroids develop the same rotation rate and distinctive shape (i.e., highly elongated with a single convex side, tapered ends, and small protuberances swept back against the rotation direction) as 1620 Geographos. Since our numerical studies show that these events occur with some frequency, we suggest that Geographos may be a tidally distorted object. In addition, our work shows that 433 Eros, which will be visited by the NEAR spacecraft in 1999, is much like Geographos, which suggests that it too may have been molded by tides in the past.
description: Accepted to AJ, 30 pages, 5 postscript figures, LaTeX, aasms4.sty
The anterolateral structures of the knee and the pivot shift
Creators: name: Dodds, Alexander Lascelles
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Current standard techniques used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are unable to restore normal knee biomechanics. One explanation for this is that ongoing anterolateral rotatory instability is due to damage to anterolateral knee structures that current surgical techniques fail to address. Focus had previously moved away from the periphery of the knee towards intra-articular reconstruction, however in the past rotational instability was addressed with a lateral extra- articular tenodesis, and these were widely used techniques in the 1970s and 80s before falling out of favour. A detailed review of this surgery, including the Lemaire, Macintosh and Ellison procedures has been performed in this thesis, as well as a review of the pre existing anatomical knowledge of the anterolateral knee structures. Due to gaps in knowledge identified, an attempt to further define anterolateral knee anatomy has been made. 40 fresh frozen cadaveric knees have been dissected. A consistent structure termed the anterolateral ligament (ALL) was identified in 33 (83%) of the specimens. The ALL passed antero- distally from a femoral attachment point posterior and proximal to the lateral femoral epicondyle. It passed superficial to the lateral collateral ligament, to an attachment point midway between Gerdy’s tubercle and the fibula head. We sought to further determine the biomechanical role of the structure using length change experiments. The ALL was isometric from 0° to 60° degrees of flexion, and then slackened when the knee was flexed to 90°. Two independent musculoskeletal radiologists reviewed MRI appearances of the ALL and findings were consistent with our anatomical observations. The ALL may be involved in resisting the pivot shift and inserts at the site of the Segond fracture. Since the experiment numerous anatomical, biomechanical and radiological investigations have been published on the ALL and these are reviewed in detail.
Know Your Clients' behaviours: a cluster analysis of financial transactions
Creators: name: Thompson, John R. J.
name: Feng, Longlong
name: Reesor, R. Mark
name: Grace, Chuck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In Canada, financial advisors and dealers are required by provincial securities commissions and self-regulatory organizations--charged with direct regulation over investment dealers and mutual fund dealers--to respectively collect and maintain Know Your Client (KYC) information, such as their age or risk tolerance, for investor accounts. With this information, investors, under their advisor's guidance, make decisions on their investments which are presumed to be beneficial to their investment goals. Our unique dataset is provided by a financial investment dealer with over 50,000 accounts for over 23,000 clients. We use a modified behavioural finance recency, frequency, monetary model for engineering features that quantify investor behaviours, and machine learning clustering algorithms to find groups of investors that behave similarly. We show that the KYC information collected does not explain client behaviours, whereas trade and transaction frequency and volume are most informative. We believe the results shown herein encourage financial regulators and advisors to use more advanced metrics to better understand and predict investor behaviours.
description: 38 pages, 12 figures
title: D. Mathez, J. Leibowitch, "Pathogenesis of human immune-deficiency inducing virus (H.I.I.V.) infections"
Creators: name: Mathez, Dominique
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Résumé pour l'Annual Meeting, The Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, R. Gallo August 1995, Bethesda, USA.
description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-20193111031798184
The design and implementation of novel computational and machine learning approaches for modelling brain dynamics: towards more interpretable and real-time brain analysis
Creators: name: Dinov, Martin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: This thesis presents a combination of novel methods intended for improving Brain Computer Interface (BCI) use, such as a Dynamic Time Warping-based (DTW) spectrum, as well as new applications of existing methods, such as fuzzy clustering and neural networks, including reinforcement learning-driven Deep Q Networks (DQNs). We develop these mutually-compatible methods that aim to make brain analysis, especially in the context of BCIs, more interpretable and efficient. In Chapter 2, I developed a new approach based on using DTW towards computing frequency-domain spectra in a more interpretable way than using standard Fourier or Wavelet spectrums. Though it is applicable to any time series data, I applied the DTW-spectrum to EEG and show that it explains more variability in brain dynamics compared to other standard measures - most notably it seems to better predict certain benchmark measures of brain dynamics than the corresponding Fourier transforms. Chapter 3's main topic is using the fuzzy c-clustering and softmax neural network-based fully probabilistic classification and analysis framework that I developed for EEG microstates, which shows significant issues with standard deterministic analyses that have been used heretofore. Using a large publically available data set, I showed that imagined motor movements are less predictable than real motor movements. Further, I suggest that treating microstates as states representing a discrete dynamic of the brain is losing valuable information regarding the underlying dynamics. Chapter 4 is focused around Reinforcement Learning (RL)-driven Behavioral- and Neuro-Feedback (NFB) using phasic auditory alerts. This proof of concept work shows simulation and experimental results that suggest that the DQNs can learn meaningful behaviors with a portable consumer EEG within a small number of trials. The work necessitates a somewhat meandering journey through the relevant neuroscientific, mathematical and computational literature, which is covered by the background and foundation laid out in Chapter 1.
Optimal Subsampling Algorithms for Big Data Regressions
Creators: name: Ai, Mingyao
name: Yu, Jun
name: Zhang, Huiming
name: Wang, HaiYing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: To fast approximate maximum likelihood estimators with massive data, this paper studies the Optimal Subsampling Method under the A-optimality Criterion (OSMAC) for generalized linear models. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator from a general subsampling algorithm are established, and optimal subsampling probabilities under the A- and L-optimality criteria are derived. Furthermore, using Frobenius norm matrix concentration inequalities, finite sample properties of the subsample estimator based on optimal subsampling probabilities are also derived. Since the optimal subsampling probabilities depend on the full data estimate, an adaptive two-step algorithm is developed. Asymptotic normality and optimality of the estimator from this adaptive algorithm are established. The proposed methods are illustrated and evaluated through numerical experiments on simulated and real datasets.
Spin-valley dynamics in alloy-based transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers
Creators: name: Kravtsov, V.
name: Liubomirov, A. D.
name: Cherbunin, R. V.
name: Catanzaro, A.
name: Genco, A.
name: Gillard, D.
name: Alexeev, E. M.
name: Ivanova, T.
name: Khestanova, E.
name: Shelykh, I. A.
name: Iorsh, I. V.
name: Tartakovskii, A. I.
name: Skolnick, M. S.
name: Krizhanovskii, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Van der Waals heterobilayers based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides have been recently shown to support robust and long-lived valley polarization for potential valleytronic applications. However, the role of the band structure and alignment of the constituent layers in the underlying dynamics remains largely unexplored. Here we study spin--valley relaxation dynamics in heterobilayers with different band structures engineered via the use of alloyed monolayer semiconductors. Through a combination of time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopic measurements and theoretical modelling for Mo$_{1-x}$W$_{x}$Se$_2$/WSe$_2$ samples with different chemical compositions and stacking angles, we uncover the roles of interlayer exciton recombination and charge carrier spin depolarization in the overall valley dynamics. Our results provide insights into the microscopic spin--valley polarization mechanisms in van der Waals heterostructures for the development of future 2D valleytronic devices.
Galactic and Accretion Disk Dynamos
Creators: name: Vishniac, Ethan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamos in astrophysical disks are usually explained in terms of the standard alpha-omega mean field dynamo model where the local helicity generates a radial field component from an azimuthal field. The subsequent shearing of the radial field gives rise to exponentially growing dynamo modes. There are several problems with this model. The exponentiation time for the galactic dynamo is hard to calculate, but is probably uncomfortably long. Moreover, numerical simulations of magnetic fields in shearing flows indicate that the presence of a dynamo does not depend on a non-zero average helicity. However, these difficulties can be overcome by including a fluctuating helicity driven by hydrodynamic or magnetic instabilities. Unlike traditional disk dynamo models, this `incoherent' dynamo does not depend on the presence of systematic fluid helicity or any kind of vertical symmetry breaking. It will depend on geometry, in the sense that the dynamo growth rate becomes smaller for very thin disks, in agreement with constraints taken from the study of X-ray novae. In this picture the galactic dynamo will operate efficiently, but the resulting field will have a radial coherence length which is a fraction of the galactic radius.
description: 16 pages, in Proceedings of the Chapman Conference on Magnetic Helicity
Computational study of material fire behaviour under transient irradiation
Creators: name: Vermesi, Izabella
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The majority of material flammability studies in fire science literature consider a constant external irradiation exposure, due to the ease of quantifying the boundary condition. This thesis uses a different approach, namely a transient external irradiation, either in the form of parabolic pulses or convex parabolas followed by constant irradiation periods. This allows for a more general study of pyrolysis and ignition. We use a combination of computational modelling and experimental analysis to look at materials with different responses and pyrolysis characteristics. The materials considered are a translucent polymer (Polymethylmethacrylate), a softwood species (spruce) and an engineered wood product (fiberboard). We evaluate the validity of solid-phase ignition criteria, which have been previously established using constant irradiation. We find that for PMMA the critical mass loss rate is the only ignition criteria capable of indicating ignition. However, for a more conservative approach, we propose using a dual threshold which offers the earliest time to ignition. This dual threshold states that before a polymer reaches a mass loss rate of 3 g/m2s and a surface temperature of 305 C, ignition will not occur. For wood, we find that no current criterion can indicate autoignition, as all thermal indicators are in the same ranges both in cases with or without ignition. The pyrolysis of wood and fiberboard is influenced by the moisture content. Accounting for moisture content, thus adding a drying step in the reaction scheme, is necessary for capturing initial mass loss rate. While for constant irradiation, we observe the drying to influence the surface temperature, for transient irradiation the effect of moisture content on surface temperature is negligible. It is, however, important for predicting in-depth temperatures. We also confirm previous findings that the non-uniform density profile of fiberboard is important when predicting mass loss rate, because of the higher external density and the lower internal density. Whereas for wood, in-depth absorption is negligible, for clear PMMA, it has a great effect on temperature predictions. Prior to ignition it is essential to account for in-depth absorption. However, after ignition, which coincided with the end of the external exposure in many scenarios, absorption occurs at the surface. This is due to the soot on the surface and to the different wavelength of the flame compared to the transient exposure. Therefore a combination of in-depth and surface absorption has to be applied to obtain good predictions. Considering these findings a better understanding of pyrolysis is obtained under a more general external heat flux exposure for solid materials of relevance to fire science.
Rapidity gap survival factors caused by remnant fragmentation for $W^+ W^-$ pair production via $γ^*γ^* \to W^+ W^-$ subprocess with photon transverse momenta
Creators: name: Forthomme, Laurent
name: Łuszczak, Marta
name: Schäfer, Wolfgang
name: Szczurek, Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the cross section for $p p \to W^{+} W^-$ in the recently developed $k_{\rm T}$-factorisation approach, including transverse momenta of the virtual photons. We focus on processes with single and double proton dissociation. First we discuss the gap survival on the parton level as due to the emission of extra jet. Both the role of valence and sea contributions is discussed. The hadronisation of proton remnants is performed with {PYTHIA 8} string fragmentation model, assuming a simple quark-diquark model for proton. Highly excited remnant systems hadronise producing particles that can be vetoed in the calorimeter. We calculate associated effective gap survival factors. The gap survival factors depend on the process, mass of the remnant system and collision energy. The rapidity gap survival factor due to remnant fragmentation for double dissociative (DD) collisions ($S_{R,DD}$) is smaller than that for single dissociative (SD) process ($S_{R,SD}$). We observe the approximate factorisation $S_{R,DD} \approx (S_{R,SD})^2$, however it is expected that this property will be violated by soft rescattering effects not accounted for in this letter.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
The mantle wedge: dynamic controls on geochemical and geophysical observations
Creators: name: Perrin, Alexander
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The mantle wedge is a key part of the subduction system, affecting the coupling between plates and chemical cycling, and so having implications for global-scale processes. In order to investigate this system we take three sets of data from subduction zones and ask how much the physical characteristics of subduction zones influence them. Firstly, we calculate the equilibration pressures and temperatures of intra-oceanic subduction zone lavas, and find that the these are relatively hot, shallow and span a large depth range. Comparison with numerical subduction models indicates that this is consistent with the local thermal erosion of the lithosphere immediately beneath the arc by rising magmas, which re-equilibrate within this zone as they rise. We then investigate the controls of each subduction parameter on the position of the arc and find significant correlations with slab dip. Using a set of numerical subduction models we investigate the effect of each parameter on the thermal regime in the wedge and slab. This reveals that upper plate age exerts a key control on the thermal state of the wedge, and that the observed position of the arc is most consistent with a control of where the anhydrous solidus makes its closest approach to the trench. Finally, we investigate measurements of melt generation rates, and find no significant correlations with any subduction parameter. We calculate melting rates using numerical models, and find that melting rates are sensitive to all subduction parameters, due to the effects on the thermal structure, the wedge flow field and the hydration state of the wedge. Data from the Marianas indicates that H$_2$O concentration gradients in the wedge are the primary control on melt generation rates. We conclude that the small and large scale structure of the overriding plate lithosphere has important controls on wedge conditions and processes.
Free-Breathing Liver Fat, $R_2^*$ and $B_0$ Field Mapping Using Multi-Echo Radial FLASH and Regularized Model-based Reconstruction
Creators: name: Tan, Zhengguo
name: Unterberg-Buchwald, Christina
name: Blumenthal, Moritz
name: Scholand, Nick
name: Schaten, Philip
name: Holme, Christian
name: Wang, Xiaoqing
name: Raddatz, Dirk
name: Uecker, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work introduced a stack-of-radial multi-echo asymmetric-echo MRI sequence for free-breathing liver volumetric acquisition. Regularized model-based reconstruction was implemented in Berkeley Advanced Reconstruction Toolbox (BART) to jointly estimate all physical parameter maps (water, fat, R2*, and B0 field inhomogeneity maps) and coil sensitivity maps from self-gated k-space data. Specifically, locally low rank and temporal total variation regularization were employed directly on physical parameter maps. The proposed free-breathing radial technique was tested on a water/fat & iron phantom, a young volunteer, and obesity/diabetes/hepatic steatosis patients. Quantitative fat fraction and R2* accuracy were confirmed by comparing our technique with the reference breath-hold Cartesian scan. The multi-echo radial sampling sequence achieves fast k-space coverage and is robust to motion. Moreover, the proposed motion-resolved model-based reconstruction allows for free-breathing liver fat and R2* quantification in multiple motion states. Overall, our proposed technique offers a convenient tool for non-invasive liver assessment with no breath holding requirement.
description: 31 pages, 13 figures
title: ADCO, Cinquième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1664), Cart. 28 (G 132), 258 folios, f. 00295
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Cinquième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1664), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 28 (G 132), 258 folios, f. 00295, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cinquième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1664), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 28 (G 132), 258 folios, f. 00295, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
The Full Re-Ionization of Helium
Creators: name: Wadsley, James W.
name: Hogan, Craig J.
name: Anderson, Scott F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of resolved HeII Lyman alpha absorption in spectra of two QSO's suggest that the epoch of helium ionization occurred at z~3. Proximity zones in the spectra of the quasars (z=3.18, 3.285) at 304 A resemble Stromgren spheres, suggesting that the intergalactic medium is only singly ionized in helium. We present models of the proximity effect which include the full physics of the ionization, heating and cooling and an accurately simulated inhomogeneous gas distribution. In these models the underdense intergalactic medium is heated to at least 10,000-20,000 K after cooling to as low as a few 1000 K due to cosmological expansion, with higher temperatures achieved farther away from the quasar due to absorption-hardened ionizing spectra. The quasars turn on for a few times 10^7 years with a fairly steady flux output at 228 A comparable to the 304 A flux output directly observed with HST. The recoveries in the spectra occur naturally due to voids in the IGM and may provide a fairly model-independent probe of the baryon density.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of "After the Dark Ages: When Galaxies were Young (the Universe at 2
Detection of Pre-Shock Dense Circumstellar Material of SN 1978K
Creators: name: Chu, You-Hua
name: Caulet, Adeline
name: Montes, Marcos
name: Panagia, Nino
name: Van Dyk, Schuyler
name: Weiler, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supernova SN 1978K has been noted for its lack of emission lines broader than a few thousand km/s since its discovery in 1990. Modeling of the radio spectrum of the peculiar SN 1978K indicates the existence of HII absorption along the line of sight. To determine the nature of this absorbing region, we have obtained a high-dispersion spectrum of SN 1978K at the wavelength range 6530--6610 Å. The spectrum shows not only the moderately broad H-alpha emission of the supernova ejecta but also narrow nebular H-alpha and [N II] emission. The high [N II]6583/H-alpha ratio, 0.8-1.3, suggests that this radio absorbing region is a stellar ejecta nebula. The expansion velocity and emission measure of the nebula are consistent with those seen in ejecta nebulae of luminous blue variables. Previous low-dispersion spectra have detected a strong [N II]5755 line, indicating an electron density of 3-12x10^5 cm^{-3}. We argue that this stellar ejecta nebula is probably part of the pre-shock dense circumstellar envelope of SN 1978K. We further suggest that SN 1997ab may represent a young version of SN 1978K.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in the ApJ Letters
title: Résumés de la conférence du projet amorce FRONTIERES, ATRI 5
Creators: name: IREMAM (UMR 7310)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2017

description: Résumés de la conférence organisée dans le cadre de l'ATRI 5, projet amorce FRONTIERES, Economie de la frontière du 11 octobre 2013
Bio-adhesion and cleanliness in bio-processing
Creators: name: Palmer, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Biofilms are a significant problem for many industries including medical devices, the oil and gas industry, consumer product manufacturers and water distribution systems. Biofilms are communities of microbes that attach and grow on almost any surface. Biofilms are able to establish quickly in a matter of hours and can be very difficult to remove. This thesis was focused on increasing the understanding of biofilm interaction with different substratum materials, for both the initial surface colonisation and for mature biofilm lifecycle stages using a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) model. The surface energy and the surface roughness, for a number of substratums were investigated in this thesis. The effects of a number of proprietary and non-proprietary surface coatings which primarily changed surface energies and or topography were investigated. This work has confirmed that surface energy is important in Pseudomonas bio-adhesion, with correlations observed in both the initial attachment of microbes, but also in high shear cleaning experiments for mature biofilms. Biofilm-substratum interfacial adhesion remains an important region even in mature biofilms, suggesting that surfaces that exhibit lower colonisation rates may also be easier to clean. Initial attachment studies confirm 1/3 less microbe attachment to polymer surfaces compared to metal surfaces; roughness was not a significant parameter. PTFE-AF coatings on 316 stainless steel showed 88 percent decrease in initial microbe attachment coupled with enhanced cleanability. Industries currently using stainless steel in microbe applications could from benefit this coating; limiting future biofilm colonisation rates and improved cleanability. It is demonstrated that Pseudomonas naturally colonises at low levels on selected transparent polycarbonate surfaces and given its good chemical compatibility and low cost would be an alternative to stainless steel. A range of commercial surface coatings, which are meant to reduce microbial adhesion, were also tested in this thesis; this study could not affirm such claimed performance.
Proof of the path localization conjecture for directed polymers
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Sourav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K37, 82B44, 82D60, 60G17

description: It is a well-known open problem in the literature on random polymers to show that a directed polymer in random environment localizes around a favorite path at low temperature. A precise statement of this conjecture is formulated and proved in this article.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure. To appear in Comm. Math. Phys
title: Compounds vs. phrases: The cognitive status of morphological products
Creators: name: Kotowski, Sven
name: Böer, Katja
name: Härtl, Holden
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 400
subject: Nominalkompositum
subject: Kognitive Linguistik
subject: Grammatiktheorie
subject: Deutsch

description: It is under copyright and the publisher should be contacted for permission to re-use or reprint the material in any form.
Evidence in Virgo for the Universal Dark Matter Halo
Creators: name: McLaughlin, Dean E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model is constructed for the mass and dynamics of M87 and the Virgo Cluster. Existing surface photometry of the galaxy, mass estimates from X-ray observations of the hot intracluster gas, and the velocity dispersions of early-type Virgo galaxies, all are used to constrain the run of dark matter density over radii to 2 Mpc in the cluster. The ``universal'' halo advocated by Navarro, Frenk, & White provides an excellent description of the combined data, as does a Hernquist profile. These models are favored over isothermal spheres, and their central structure is preferred to density cusps either much stronger or much weaker than r^{-1}. The galaxies and gas in the cluster trace its total mass distribution, the galaxies' velocity ellipsoid is close to isotropic, and the gas temperature follows the virial temperature profile of the dark halo. The virial radius and mass and the intracluster gas fraction of Virgo are evaluated.
description: ApJ Letters in press
The sign of longitudinal magnetoconductivity and the planar Hall effect in Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Sharma, Gargee
name: Nandy, S.
name: Tewari, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The manifestation of chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals typically relies on the observation of longitudinal magnetoconductance (LMC) along with the planar Hall effect, with a specific magnetic field and angle dependence. Here we solve the Boltzmann equation in the semiclassical regime for a prototype of a Weyl semimetal, allowing for both intravalley and intervalley scattering, along with including effects from the orbital magnetic moment (OMM), in a geometry where the electric and magnetic fields are not necessarily parallel to each other. We construct the phase diagram in the relevant parameter space that describes the shift from positive to negative LMC in the presence of OMM and sufficiently strong intervalley scattering, as has been recently pointed out for only parallel electric and magnetic fields. On the other hand, we find that the chiral anomaly contribution to the planar Hall effect always remains positive (unlike the LMC) irrespective of the inclusion or exclusion of OMM, or the strength of the intervalley scattering. Our predictions can be directly tested in experiments, and may be employed as new diagnostic procedures to verify chiral anomaly in Weyl systems.
description: Some results updated
3D hand pose estimation using convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Ye, Qi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: 3D hand pose estimation plays a fundamental role in natural human computer interactions. The problem is challenging due to complicated variations caused by complex articulations, multiple viewpoints, self-similar parts, severe self-occlusions, different shapes and sizes. To handle these challenges, the thesis makes the following contributions. First, the problem of the multiple viewpoints and complex articulations of hand pose estimation is tackled by decomposing and transforming the input and output space by spatial transformations following the hand structure. By the transformation, both the variation of the input space and output is reduced, which makes the learning easier. The second contribution is a probabilistic framework integrating all the hierarchical regressions. Variants with/without sampling, using different regressors and optimization methods are constructed and compared to provide an insight of the components under this framework. The third contribution is based on the observation that for images with occlusions, there exist multiple plausible configurations for the occluded parts. A hierarchical mixture density network is proposed to handle the multi-modality of the locations for occluded hand joints. It leverages the state-of-the-art hand pose estimators based on Convolutional Neural Networks to facilitate feature learning while models the multiple modes in a two-level hierarchy to reconcile single-valued (for visible joints) and multi-valued (for occluded joints) mapping in its output. In addition, a complete labeled real hand datasets is collected by a tracking system with six 6D magnetic sensors and inverse kinematics to automatically obtain 21-joints hand pose annotations of depth maps.
Limits and possibilities of refractive index in atomic systems
Creators: name: McCutcheon, Robert A.
name: Yelin, Susanne F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Manipulation of the refractive index has been of growing interest lately. We consider parameters and possibilities of enhancing the absolute-value limit of the linear index in coherent atomic systems. Starting with a review of how two-level transitions - without and with added coherence effects - do not realistically allow for a significantly enhanced index at fixed atomic density, we discuss a possible way around this using wave mixing. This confirms that the only parameters, besides the medium optical depth/density, that can effectively change the value of the attainable index are the frequencies of the involved transitions.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Discovery of a ~7 Hz Quasi-Periodic Oscillation in the low-luminosity low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1820-30
Creators: name: Wijnands, Rudy
name: van der Klis, Michiel
name: Rijkhorst, Erik-Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discovered a 7.06+-0.08 Hz quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in the X-ray flux of the low-luminosity low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) and atoll source 4U 1820-30. This QPO was only observable at the highest observed mass accretion rate, when the source was in the uppermost part of the banana branch, at a 2-25 keV luminosity of 5.4x10^37 erg/s (for a distance of 6.4 kpc). The QPO had a FWHM of only 0.5+-0.2 Hz during small time intervals (32-s of data), and showed erratic shifts in the centroid frequency between 5.5 and 8 Hz. The rms amplitude over the energy range 2-60 keV was 5.6%+-0.2%. The amplitude increased with photon energy from 3.7%+-0.5% between 2.8 and 5.3 keV to 7.3%+-0.6% between 6.8 and 9.3 keV, above which it remained approximately constant at ~7%. The time lag of the QPO between 2.8-6.8 and 6.8-18.2 keV was consistent with being zero (-1.2+-3.4 ms). The properties of the QPO (i.e., its frequency and its presence only at the highest observed mass accretion rate) are similar to those of the 5-20 Hz QPO observed in the highest luminosity LMXBs (the Z sources) when they are accreting near the Eddington mass accretion limit. If this is indeed the same phenomenon, then models explaining the 5-20 Hz QPO in the Z sources, which require the near-Eddington accretion rates, will not hold. Assuming isotropic emission, the 2-25 keV luminosity of 4U 1820-30 at the time of the 7 Hz QPOs is at maximum only 40% (for a companion star with cosmic abundances), but most likely ~20% (for a helium companion star) of the Eddington accretion limit.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters (6 pages, including 3 figures)
Submodular Maximization subject to a Knapsack Constraint: Combinatorial Algorithms with Near-optimal Adaptive Complexity
Creators: name: Amanatidis, Georgios
name: Fusco, Federico
name: Lazos, Philip
name: Leonardi, Stefano
name: Spaccamela, Alberto Marchetti
name: Reiffenhäuser, Rebecca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Submodular maximization is a classic algorithmic problem with multiple applications in data mining and machine learning; there, the growing need to deal with massive instances motivates the design of algorithms balancing the quality of the solution with applicability. For the latter, an important measure is the adaptive complexity, which captures the number of sequential rounds of parallel computation needed by an algorithm to terminate. In this work we obtain the first constant factor approximation algorithm for non-monotone submodular maximization subject to a knapsack constraint with near-optimal $O(\log n)$ adaptive complexity. Low adaptivity by itself, however, is not enough: a crucial feature to account for is represented by the total number of function evaluations (or value queries). Our algorithm asks $\tilde{O}(n^2)$ value queries, but can be modified to run with only $\tilde{O}(n)$ instead, while retaining a low adaptive complexity of $O(\log^2n)$. Besides the above improvement in adaptivity, this is also the first combinatorial approach with sublinear adaptive complexity for the problem and yields algorithms comparable to the state-of-the-art even for the special cases of cardinality constraints or monotone objectives.
description: This version addresses a gap in the probabilistic analysis of the approximation guarantees in the previous version of this work. We provide a simple fix via a standard sampling routine while maintaining the same approximation guarantees and complexity bounds. (formerly appeared as arXiv:2007.05014v2 in error)
Time-quasiperiodic topological superconductors with Majorana Multiplexing
Creators: name: Peng, Yang
name: Refael, Gil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-quasiperiodic Majoranas are generalizations of Floquet Majoranas in time-quasiperiodic superconducting systems. We show that in a system driven at $d$ mutually irrational frequencies, there are up to $2^d$ types of such Majoranas, coexisting despite spatial overlap and lack of time-translational invariance. Although the quasienergy spectrum is dense in such systems, the time-quasiperiodic Majoranas can be stable and robust against resonances due to localization in the periodic-drives induced synthetic dimensions. This is demonstrated in a time-quasiperiodic Kitaev chain driven at two frequencies. We further relate the existence of multiple Majoranas in a time-quasiperiodic system to the time quasicrystal phase introduced recently. These time-quasiperiodic Majoranas open a new possibility for braiding which will be pursued in the future.
An investigation into the reporting of selected scientific topics in the national newspapers, and a comparison with the relevant scientific literature
Creators: name: Cunningham, Christina H.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An investigation into the reporting of selected scientific topics in the national newspapers, and a comparison with the relevant scientific literature
title: 02_0467
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
title: Информационная безопасность
title: Учебное пособие
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Суворова Г.М.
Publisher: name: Вузовское образование
Year: 2019

description: В учебном пособии рассмотрены теоретические и практические вопросы организации и управления в сфере информационной безопасности государства и защиты информации; комплекс взаимосвязанных проблем в обеспечении безопасности информации в режиме секретности. Особое внимание уделено защите информации на предприятии, составляющей коммерческую тайну, технологической информации научно-технического характера. Издание соответствует требованиям, предъявляемым Федеральным государственным образовательным стандартом высшего образования к изучению дисциплины «Информационная безопасность». Предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки бакалавров 02.03.03 «Математическое обеспечение и администрирование информационных систем», 09.03.01 «Информатика и вычислительная техника», 09.03.03 «Прикладная информатика», 10.03.01 «Информационная безопасность», 11.03.02 «Инфокоммуникационные технологии и системы связи», 37.03.01 «Психология», 38.03.05 «Бизнес-информатика», 38.03.06 «Торговое дело», 41.03.01 «Зарубежное регионоведение», 44.03.01 «Педагогическое образование». Может быть полезно студентам других направлений подготовки и специальностей, изучающим данную дисциплину.