cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Phenotypes of Type 1 Diabetes in Youth Based on Weight and Glycemia and Their Association With Complications
Creators: name: Kosorok, M.R.
name: Nguyen, C.T.
name: Buse, J.B.
name: Mayer-Davis, E.J.
name: Mottl, A.K.
name: Dolan, L.M.
name: Reboussin, B.A.
name: Adair, L.A.
name: Kahkoska, A.R.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Sauder, K.A.
name: Burger, K.S.
name: Malik, F.S.
name: Pihoker, C.
name: Dabelea, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: CONTEXT: Subclinical and clinical complications emerge early in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and may be associated with obesity and hyperglycemia. OBJECTIVE: Test how longitudinal "weight-glycemia" phenotypes increase susceptibility to different patterns of early/subclinical complications among youth with T1D. DESIGN: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth observational study. SETTING: Population-based cohort. PARTICIPANTS: Youth with T1D (n = 570) diagnosed 2002 to 2006 or 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants were clustered based on longitudinal body mass index z score and HbA1c from a baseline visit and 5+ year follow-up visit (mean diabetes duration: 1.4 ± 0.4 years and 8.2 ± 1.9 years, respectively). Logistic regression modeling tested cluster associations with seven early/subclinical diabetes complications at follow-up, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, age, and duration. RESULTS: Four longitudinal weight-glycemia clusters were identified: The Referent Cluster (n = 195, 34.3%), the Hyperglycemia Only Cluster (n = 53, 9.3%), the Elevated Weight Only Cluster (n = 206, 36.1%), and the Elevated Weight With Increasing Hyperglycemia (EWH) Cluster (n = 115, 20.2%). Compared with the Referent Cluster, the Hyperglycemia Only Cluster had elevated odds of dyslipidemia [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.22, 95% CI: 1.15 to 4.29], retinopathy (aOR 9.98, 95% CI: 2.49 to 40.0), and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (aOR 4.16, 95% CI: 1.37 to 12.62). The EWH Cluster had elevated odds of hypertension (aOR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.19 to 4.00), dyslipidemia (aOR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.41 to 3.95), arterial stiffness (aOR 2.46, 95% CI: 1.09 to 5.53), retinopathy (aOR 5.11, 95% CI: 1.34 to 19.46), and DKD (aOR 3.43, 95% CI: 1.29 to 9.11). CONCLUSIONS: Weight-glycemia phenotypes show different patterns of complications, particularly markers of subclinical macrovascular disease, even in the first decade of T1D. Copyright © 2019 Endocrine Society.
CleaRIXS: A Fast and Accurate First-Principles Method for Simulation and Analysis of Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
Creators: name: Roychoudhury, Subhayan
name: Prendergast, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS), which probes the occupied and unoccupied electronic subspaces in an interrelated fashion, is one of the most detailed, complex and information-rich experimental techniques employed in the investigation of electronic structure across physics, chemistry and materials science. We introduce an ab-initio, accurate and efficient computational framework for simulation and analysis of RIXS spectra, which combines two diverse and established approaches to modeling electronic excited states. The Core-Hole Linear-Response RIXS (CleaRIXS) method not only ensures accurate incorporation of the interaction of electrons with core and valence holes, but also automatically maps the salient RIXS features to the relevant electronic excitations and de-excitations. Through direct comparison with previous methanol C K-edge RIXS measurements [J. Phys. Chem. A 120, 2260 (2016)], we show the efficacy of the formalism in modeling different regions of the RIXS spectrum and in gaining physical insight regarding their origins. The importance of including the valence electron-hole interactions is explored, in addition to the connection between CleaRIXS and determinant-based approaches for simulating X-ray absorption and non-resonant X-ray emission. A qualitative discussion of additional RIXS features arising from possible vibrationally-mediated processes is also presented. CleaRIXS provides a robust and extendable framework for prediction and interpretation of RIXS processes and for the simulation of complex electronic excited states in general.
Brane structure from a scalar field in general covariant Horava-Lifshitz gravity
Creators: name: Bazeia, D.
name: Brito, F. A.
name: Costa, F. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we have considered the structure of the non-projectable Horava-Melby-Thompson (HMT) gravity to find braneworld scenarios. A relativistic scalar field is considered in the matter sector and we have shown how to reduce the equations of motion to first-order differential equations. In particular, we have studied thick brane solutions of both the dilatonic and Randall-Sundrum types.
description: Latex, 15 pages, 3 figures; v3: typos corrected
A counterexample to a conjecture about triangle-free induced subgraphs of graphs with large chromatic number
Creators: name: Carbonero, Alvaro
name: Hompe, Patrick
name: Moore, Benjamin
name: Spirkl, Sophie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that for every $n$, there is a graph $G$ with $χ(G) \geq n$ and $ω(G) \leq 3$ such that every induced subgraph $H$ of $G$ with $ω(H) \leq 2$ satisfies $χ(H) \leq 4$. This disproves a well-known conjecture. Our construction is a digraph with bounded clique number, large dichromatic number, and no induced directed cycles of odd length at least 5.
description: Accepted manuscript, see DOI for journal version
Hydrodynamic modes of partially condensed Bose mixtures
Creators: name: Armaitis, J.
name: Stoof, H. T. C.
name: Duine, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the Landau-Khalatnikov hydrodynamic theory for superfluid helium to two-component (binary) Bose mixtures at arbitrary temperatures. In particular, we include the spin-drag terms that correspond to viscous coupling between the clouds. Therefore, our theory not only describes the usual collective modes of the individual components, e.g., first and second sound, but also results in new collective modes, where both constituents participate. We study these modes in detail and present their dispersions using thermodynamic quantities obtained within the Popov approximation.
Die Andacht der Aufmerksamkeit oder: Der Weg führt nach innen
Creators: name: Kock, Erich
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 38 Nr. 6 (2009): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 38, Heft 6
Bulk Emergence and the RG Flow of Entanglement Entropy
Creators: name: Faulkner, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We further develop perturbative methods used to calculate entanglement entropy (EE) away from an interacting CFT fixed point. At second order we find certain universal terms in the renormalized EE which were predicted previously from holography and which we find hold universally for relevant deformations of any CFT in any dimension. We use both replica methods and direct methods to calculate the EE and in both cases find a non-local integral expression involving the CFT two point function. We show that this integral expression can be written as a local integral over a higher dimensional \emph{bulk} modular hamiltonian in an emergent $AdS$ space-time. This bulk modular hamiltonian is associated to an emergent scalar field dual to the deforming operator. We generalize to arbitrary spatially dependent couplings where a linearized metric emerges naturally as a way of efficiently encoding the field theory entanglement: by demanding that Einstein's equations coupled to the bulk scalar field are satisfied, we show that EE can be calculated as the area of this metric. Not only does this show a direct emergence of a higher dimensional gravitational theory from any CFT, it allows for effective evaluation of the the integrals required to calculate EE perturbativly. Our results can also be interpreted as relating the non-locality of the modular hamiltonian for a spherical region in non-CFTs and the non-locality of the holographic bulk to boundary map.
description: 39 pages, 7 figures. v2: fixed typos and added references
Spin reorientation and Ce-Mn coupling in antiferromagnetic oxypnictide CeMnAsO
Creators: name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Tian, Wei
name: Peterson, Spencer G.
name: Dennis, Kevin W.
name: Vaknin, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structure and magnetic properties of high-quality polycrystlline CeMnAsO, a parent compound of the "1111"-type oxypnictides, have been investigated using neutron powder diffraction and magnetization measurements. We find that CeMnAsO undergoes a C-type antiferromagnetic order with Mn$^{2+}$ ($S=5/2$) moments pointing along the \textit{c}-axis below a relatively high Néel temperature of $T_{\rm N} = 345$ K. Below $T_{\rm SR} = 35$ K, two instantaneous transitions occur where the Mn moments reorient from the $c$-axis to the \textit{ab}-plane preserving the C-type magnetic order, and Ce moments undergo long-range AFM ordering with antiparallel moments pointing in the \textit{ab}-plane. Another transition to a noncollinear magnetic structure occurs below 7 K. The ordered moments of Mn and Ce at 2 K are 3.32(4) $μ_{B}$ and 0.81(4)$μ_{B}$, respectively. We find that CeMnAsO primarily falls into the category of a local-moment antiferromagnetic insulator in which the nearest-neighbor interaction ($J_{1}$) is dominant with $J_{2}
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, two tables, 38 references, Physical Review B, Accepted and in production
Multidimensional minimum-work control of a 2D Ising model
Creators: name: Louwerse, Miranda D.
name: Sivak, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system's configurational state can be manipulated using dynamic variation of control parameters, such as temperature, pressure, or magnetic field; for finite-duration driving, excess work is required above the equilibrium free-energy change. Minimum-work protocols in multidimensional control-parameter space have potential to significantly reduce work relative to one-dimensional control. By numerically minimizing a linear-response approximation to the excess work, we design protocols in control-parameter spaces of a 2D Ising model that efficiently drive the system from the all-down to all-up configuration. We find that such designed multidimensional protocols take advantage of more flexible control to avoid control-parameter regions of high system resistance, heterogeneously input and extract work to make use of system relaxation, and flatten the energy landscape, making accessible many configurations that would otherwise have prohibitively high energy and thus decreasing spin correlations. Relative to one-dimensional protocols, this speeds up the rate-limiting spin-inversion reaction, thereby keeping the system significantly closer to equilibrium for a wide range of protocol durations, and significantly reducing resistance and hence work.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for biomolecular processes
Creators: name: Barato, Andre C.
name: Seifert, Udo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biomolecular systems like molecular motors or pumps, transcription and translation machinery, and other enzymatic reactions can be described as Markov processes on a suitable network. We show quite generally that in a steady state the dispersion of observables like the number of consumed/produced molecules or the number of steps of a motor is constrained by the thermodynamic cost of generating it. An uncertainty $ε$ requires at least a cost of $2k_BT/ε^2$ independent of the time required to generate the output.
description: 5+6 pages, 3 figures
Hamiltonian Formalism of Extended Magnetohydrodynamics
Creators: name: Abdelhamid, Hamdi M.
name: Kawazura, Yohei
name: Yoshida, Zensho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extended magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) system, including the Hall effect and the electron inertia effect, has a Hamiltonian structure embodied by a noncanonical Poisson algebra on an infinite-dimensional phase space. A nontrivial part of the formulation is the proof of Jacobi's identity for the Poisson bracket. We unearth a basic Lie algebra that generates the Poisson bracket. A class of similar Poisson algebra may be generated by the same Lie algebra, which encompasses the Hall MHD system and inertial MHD system.
description: 17 pages
Persistent Homology of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Sehayek, Dan
name: Melko, Roger G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topologically ordered phases of matter display a number of unique characteristics, including ground states that can be interpreted as patterns of closed strings. In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting and distinguishing closed strings in Ising spin configurations sampled from the classical $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory. We address this using the framework of persistent homology, which computes the size and frequency of general loop structures in spin configurations via the formation of geometric complexes. Implemented numerically on finite-size lattices, we show that the first Betti number of the Vietoris-Rips complexes achieves a high density at low temperatures in the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory. In addition, it displays a clear signal at the finite-temperature deconfinement transition of the three-dimensional theory. We argue that persistent homology should be capable of interpreting prominent loop structures that occur in a variety of systems, making it an useful tool in theoretical and experimental searches for topological order.
Constraining Hybrid Natural Inflation with recent CMB data
Creators: name: Vazquez, J. Alberto
name: Carrillo-Gonzalez, Mariana
name: German, Gabriel
name: Herrera-Aguilar, Alfredo
name: Hidalgo, Juan Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Hybrid Natural Inflation (HNI) model and some of its realisations in the light of recent CMB observations, mainly Planck temperature and WMAP-9 polarization, and compare with the recent release of BICEP2 dataset. The inflationary sector of HNI is essentially given by the potential $V(ϕ) = V_0(1+a\cos (\fracϕ{f} ) )$, where $a$ is a positive constant smaller or equal to one and $f$ is the scale of (pseudo Nambu-Goldstone) symmetry breaking. We show that to describe the HNI model realisations we only need two observables; the spectral index $n_s$, the tensor-to-scalar ratio, and a free parameter in the amplitude of the cosine function $a$. We find that in order to make the HNI model compatible with the BICEP2 observations, we require a large positive running of the spectra. We find that this could over-produce primordial black holes in the most consistent case of the model. This situation could be aleviated if, as recently argued, the BICEP2 data do not correspond to primordial gravitational waves.
description: V2: 12 pages, 5 figures and 1 table. Version accepted for publication in JCAP
Piezo-Electric Shear Rheometry: Further developments in experimental implementation and data extraction
Creators: name: Mikkelsen, Mathias
name: Eliasen, Kira L.
name: Lindemann, Niclas
name: Moch, Kevin
name: Böhmer, Roland
name: Karimi-Varzaneh, Hossein Ali
name: Lacayo-Pineda, Jorge
name: Jakobsen, Bo
name: Niss, Kristine
name: Christensen, Tage
name: Hecksher, Tina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Piezo-electric Shear Gauge (PSG) [Christensen & Olsen, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 5019, 1995] is a rheometric technique developed to measure the complex shear modulus of viscous liquids near their glass transition temperature. We report recent advances to the PSG technique: 1) The data extraction procedure is optimized which extends the upper limit of the frequency range of the method to between 50 and 70 kHz. 2) The measuring cell is simplified to use only one piezo-electric ceramic disc instead of three. We present an implementation of this design intended for liquid samples. Data obtained with this design revealed that a soft extra spacer is necessary to allow for thermal contraction of the sample in the axial direction. Model calculations show that flow in the radial direction is hindered by the confined geometry of the cell when the liquid becomes viscous upon cooling. The method is especially well-suited for -- but not limited to -- glassy materials.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures. Final revision before publication
Testing the Everett Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics with Cosmology
Creators: name: Barrau, Aurelien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this brief note, we argue that contrarily to what is still often stated, the Everett many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics is not in principle impossible to test. It is actually not more difficult (but not easier either) to test than most other kinds of multiverse theories. We also remind why multiverse scenarios can be falsified.
description: 5 pages
Extensive light profile fitting of galaxy-scale strong lenses
Creators: name: Brault, Florence
name: Gavazzi, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the merits of a massive forward modeling of ground-based optical imaging as a diagnostic for the strong lensing nature of Early-Type Galaxies, in the light of which blurred and faint Einstein rings can hide. We simulate several thousand mock strong lenses under ground- and space-based conditions as arising from the deflection of an exponential disk by a foreground de Vaucouleurs light profile whose lensing potential is described by a Singular Isothermal Ellipsoid. We then fit for the lensed light distribution with sl_fit after having subtracted the foreground light emission off (ideal case) and also after having fitted the deflector's light with galfit. By setting thresholds in the output parameter space, we can decide the lens/not-a-lens status of each system. We finally apply our strategy to a sample of 517 lens candidates present in the CFHTLS data to test the consistency of our selection approach. The efficiency of the fast modeling method at recovering the main lens parameters like Einstein radius, total magnification or total lensed flux, is quite comparable under CFHT and HST conditions when the deflector is perfectly subtracted off (only possible in simulations), fostering a sharp distinction between the good and the bad candidates. Conversely, for a more realistic subtraction, a substantial fraction of the lensed light is absorbed into the deflector's model, which biases the subsequent fitting of the rings and then disturbs the selection process. We quantify completeness and purity of the lens finding method in both cases. This suggests that the main limitation currently resides in the subtraction of the foreground light. Provided further enhancement of the latter, the direct forward modeling of large numbers of galaxy-galaxy strong lenses thus appears tractable and could constitute a competitive lens finder in the next generation of wide-field imaging surveys.
description: A&A accepted version, minor changes (13 pages, 10 figures)
Current and future constraints on cosmology and modified gravitational wave friction from binary black holes
Creators: name: Leyde, Konstantin
name: Mastrogiovanni, Simone
name: Steer, Danièle A.
name: Chassande-Mottin, Eric
name: Karathanasis, Christos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave (GW) standard sirens are well-established probes with which one can measure cosmological parameters, and are complementary to other probes like the cosmic microwave background or supernovae standard candles. Here we focus on dark GW sirens, specifically binary black holes (BBHs) for which there is only GW data. Our approach relies on the assumption of a source frame mass model for the BBH distribution, and we consider four models that are representative of the BBH population observed so far. In addition to inferring cosmological and mass model parameters, we use dark sirens to test modified gravity theories. These theories often predict different GW propagation equations on cosmological scales, leading to a different GW luminosity distance which in some cases can be parametrized by variables $Ξ_0$ and $n$. General relativity (GR) corresponds to $Ξ_0= 1$. We perform a joint estimate of the population parameters governing mass, redshift, the variables characterizing the cosmology, and the modified GW luminosity distance. We use data from the third LVK observation run and find - for the four mass models and for three SNR cuts - that GR is consistently the preferred model to describe all observed BBH GW signals. Furthermore, all modified gravity parameters have posteriors that are compatible with the values predicted by GR at the 90% confidence interval. We show that there are strong correlations between cosmological, astrophysical and modified gravity parameters. If GR is the correct theory of gravity, and assuming narrow priors on the cosmological parameters, we forecast an uncertainty of the modified gravity parameter $Ξ_0$ of 51% with $\sim 90$ detections at O4-like sensitivities, and $Ξ_0$ of 20% with an additional $\sim 400$ detections at O5-like sensitivity. We also consider how these forecasts depend on the current uncertainties of the BBH population.
description: 43 pages
Characterization & Sustainable Utilization of the Underutilized Taro to Increase Food Security & Improve Livelihood of Marginalized Communities Faced with the Climate Change
Creators: name: BIN ARIFFIN, ZULHAIRIL
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2023
Subjects: IDN
PHL
ITPGRFA-BSF
Climate change
PR-77
MYS
Income
Taro
Food security
Marginalized communities
livelihoods
Women farmers
Value chain
Production
Underutilized crops
Characterization and evaluation
Conservation
Gender

description: Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is amongst the most important staple crops in the Asia Pacific region, i.e., Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Palau and the Philippines. In Malaysia, taro or ‘keladi’ is a supplementary crop due to its high starch content. Based on socio-economic surveys, taro fits well as a potential underutilized crop to be mainstreamed in Malaysia and may have great potential to increase farmers’ incomes as it is also grown in home gardens and orchards. 

Malaysia Agriculture Research and Development (MARDI), is the main partner in executing the project “Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of the underutilized Taro to Increase Food Security and Improve Livelihood of Marginalized Communities Faced with Climate Change “ funded in the 4th cycle of the Benefit Sharing Fund (BSF) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The project in partnership of institutions from Indonesia, Philippines and Fiji, have established Farmer field schools (FFS), participatory approaches and support from Knowledge Centres (KCs) used to empower farmers with more knowledge and incentives to cultivate taro. Sustainable management of taro farming using Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and best practices employed by other leading countries in taro research have been shared among participating countries and partners.

This presentation was delivered by our partners from Malaysia Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI) during the Tenth Session of the Governing Body of the ITPGRFA and illustrates some of the successful development of value chain for this crop and the multiple uses that it is possible to make of taro . It is worth noting that women have a prominent role in the processing process of taro.
A semi-discrete numerical scheme for nonlocally regularized KdV-type equations
Creators: name: Erbay, H. A.
name: Erbay, S.
name: Erkip, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q53, 65M12, 65M20, 65Z05

description: A general class of KdV-type wave equations regularized with a convolution-type nonlocality in space is considered. The class differs from the class of the nonlinear nonlocal unidirectional wave equations previously studied by the addition of a linear convolution term involving third-order derivative. To solve the Cauchy problem we propose a semi-discrete numerical method based on a uniform spatial discretization, that is an extension of a previously published work of the present authors. We prove uniform convergence of the numerical method as the mesh size goes to zero. We also prove that the localization error resulting from localization to a finite domain is significantly less than a given threshold if the finite domain is large enough. To illustrate the theoretical results, some numerical experiments are carried out for the Rosenau-KdV equation, the Rosenau-BBM-KdV equation and a convolution-type integro-differential equation. The experiments conducted for three particular choices of the kernel function confirm the error estimates that we provide.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, to appear in the journal Applied Numerical Mathematics. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1909.10917
CoMaLit-IV. Evolution and self-similarity of scaling relations with the galaxy cluster mass
Creators: name: Sereno, Mauro
name: Ettori, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scaling of observable properties of galaxy clusters with mass evolves with time. Assessing the role of the evolution is crucial to study the formation and evolution of massive halos and to avoid biases in the calibration. We present a general method to infer the mass and the redshift dependence, and the time-evolving intrinsic scatter of the mass-observable relations. The procedure self-calibrates the redshift dependent completeness function of the sample. The intrinsic scatter in the mass estimates used to calibrate the relation is considered too. We apply the method to the scaling of mass M_Delta versus line of sight galaxy velocity dispersion sigma_v, optical richness, X-ray luminosity, L_X, and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich signal. Masses were calibrated with weak lensing measurements. The measured relations are in good agreement with time and mass dependencies predicted in the self-similar scenario of structure formation. The lone exception is the L_X-M_Delta relation whose time evolution is negative in agreement with formation scenarios with additional radiative cooling and uniform preheating at high redshift. The intrinsic scatter in the sigma_v-M_Delta relation is notably small, of order of 14 per cent. Robust predictions on the observed properties of the galaxy clusters in the CLASH sample are provided as cases of study. Catalogs and scripts are publicly available at http://pico.bo.astro.it/~sereno/CoMaLit/.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures; MNRAS accepted. v2: typos corrected. Material concerning the CoMaLit series, and future updates, will be hosted at http://pico.bo.astro.it/~sereno/CoMaLit/
Nonperturbative models of quark stars in $f(R)$ gravity
Creators: name: Astashenok, A. V.
name: Capozziello, S.
name: Odintsov, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quark star models with realistic equation of state in nonperturbative $f(R)$ gravity are considered. The mass-radius relation for $f(R)=R+αR^2$ model is obtained. Considering scalar curvature $R$ as an independent function, one can find out, for each value of central density, the unique value of central curvature for which one has solutions with the required asymptotic $R\rightarrow 0$ for $r\rightarrow\infty$. In another words, one needs a fine-tuning for $R$ to achieve quark stars in $f(R)$ gravity. We consider also the analogue description in corresponding scalar-tensor gravity. The fine-tuning on $R$ is equivalent to the fine-tuning on the scalar field $ϕ$ in this description. For distant observers, the gravitational mass of the star increases with increasing $α$ ($α>0$) but the interpretation of this fact depends on frame where we work. Considering directly $f(R)$ gravity, one can say that increasing of mass occurs by the "gravitational sphere" outside the star with some "effective mass". On the other hand, in scalar-tensor theory, we also have a dilaton sphere (or "disphere") outside the star but its contribution to gravitational mass for distant observer is negligible. We show that it is possible to discriminate modified theories of gravity from General Relativity due to the gravitational redshift of the thermal spectrum emerging from the surface of the star.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
Program to calculate tcr docking angles
Creators: name: Pierce, Brian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This program takes in the structure of a TCR-peptide-MHC complex, containing only TCR variable domain and MHC alpha1-alpha2 domains. Also, it assumes the naming convention for the chains:

A: MHC

B: MHC second chain (if Class II)

C: peptide

D: TCR alpha chain

E: TCR beta chain

The output from this program includes re-oriented structures, as well as diagnostic and informational output to the terminal. On the last line of output ("ANGLES:"), the docking angle and incident angles are the first two numbers given, respectively, while the third number is distance in Angstroms between TCR center and pMHC.
Fault-tolerant Holonomic Quantum Computation in Surface Codes
Creators: name: Zheng, Yi-Cong
name: Brun, Todd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that universal holonomic quantum computation (HQC) can be achieved fault-tolerantly by adiabatically deforming the gapped stabilizer Hamiltonian of the surface code, where quantum information is encoded in the degenerate ground space of the system Hamiltonian. We explicitly propose procedures to perform each logical operation, including logical state initialization, logical state measurement, logical CNOT, state injection and distillation,etc. In particular, adiabatic braiding of different types of holes on the surface leads to a topologically protected, non-Abelian geometric logical CNOT. Throughout the computation, quantum information is protected from both small perturbations and low weight thermal excitations by a constant energy gap, and is independent of the system size. Also the Hamiltonian terms have weight at most four during the whole process. The effect of thermal error propagation is considered during the adiabatic code deformation. With the help of active error correction, this scheme is fault-tolerant, in the sense that the computation time can be arbitrarily long for large enough lattice size. It is shown that the frequency of error correction and the physical resources needed can be greatly reduced by the constant energy gap.
description: 26 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables, comments welcomed. v4:published version, more details of Hadmard
"I'm Just Overwhelmed": Investigating Physical Therapy Accessibility and Technology Interventions for People with Disabilities and/or Chronic Conditions
Creators: name: Yamagami, Momona
name: Mack, Kelly
name: Mankoff, Jennifer
name: Steele, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many individuals with disabilities and/or chronic conditions (da/cc) experience symptoms that may require intermittent or on-going medical care. However, healthcare is an often-overlooked domain for accessibility work, where access needs associated with temporary and long-term disability must be addressed to increase the utility of physical and digital interactions with healthcare workers and spaces. Our work focuses on a specific domain of healthcare often used by individuals with da/cc: physical therapy (PT). Through a twelve-person interview study, we examined how people's access to PT for their da/cc is hampered by social (e.g., physically visiting a PT clinic) and physiological (e.g., chronic pain) barriers, and how technology could improve PT access. In-person PT is often inaccessible to our participants due to lack of transportation and insufficient insurance coverage. As such, many of our participants relied on at-home PT to manage their da/cc symptoms and work towards PT goals. Participants felt that PT barriers, such as having particularly bad symptoms or feeling short on time, could be addressed with well-designed technology that flexibly adapts to the person's dynamically changing needs while supporting their PT goals. We introduce core design principles (adaptability, movement tracking, community building) and tensions (insurance) to consider when developing technology to support PT access. Rethinking da/cc access to PT from a lens that includes social and physiological barriers presents opportunities to integrate accessibility and adaptability into PT technology.
description: 22 pages, 2 tables
Search for Long-Lived Particles in $e^+e^-$ Collisions
Creators: name: Lees, J. P.
name: Others
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for a neutral, long-lived particle $L$ that is produced in $e^+e^-$ collisions and decays at a significant distance from the $e^+e^-$ interaction point into various flavor combinations of two oppositely charged tracks. The analysis uses an $e^+e^-$ data sample with a luminosity of $489.1 \rm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the BaBar detector at the $Υ$(4S), $Υ$(3S), and $Υ$(2S) resonances and just below the $Υ$(4S). Fitting the two-track mass distribution in search of a signal peak, we do not observe a significant signal, and set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product of the $L$ production cross section, branching fraction, and reconstruction efficiency for six possible two-body $L$ decay modes as a function of the $L$ mass. The efficiency is given for each final state as a function of the mass, lifetime, and transverse momentum of the candidate, allowing application of the upper limits to any production model. In addition, upper limits are provided on the branching fraction $Br(B\to X_s L)$, where $X_s$ is a strange hadronic system.
description: 7 pages, 3 postscript figures, submitted to PRL
The Scatman: an approximate method for fast wide-angle scattering simulations
Creators: name: Colombo, Alessandro
name: Zimmermann, Julian
name: Langbehn, Bruno
name: Moller, Thomas
name: Peltz, Christian
name: Sander, Katharina
name: Kruse, Bjorn
name: Tummler, Paul
name: Barke, Ingo
name: Rupp, Daniela
name: Fennel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-shot Coherent Diffraction Imaging (CDI) is a powerful approach to characterize the structure and dynamics of isolated nanoscale objects such as single viruses, aerosols, nanocrystals or droplets. Using X-ray wavelengths, the diffraction images in CDI experiments usually cover only small scattering angles of few degrees. These small-angle patterns represent the magnitude of the Fourier transform of the two-dimensional projection of the sample's electron density, which can be reconstructed efficiently but lacks any depth information. In cases where the diffracted signal can be measured up to scattering angles exceeding 10 degrees, i.e. in the wide-angle regime, three-dimensional morphological information of the target is contained in a single-shot diffraction pattern. However, the extraction of the 3D structural information is no longer straightforward and defines the key challenge in wide-angle CDI. So far, the most convenient approach relies on iterative forward fitting of the scattering pattern using scattering simulations. Here we present the Scatman, an approximate and fast numerical tool for the simulation and iterative fitting of wide-angle scattering images of isolated samples. Furthermore, we publish and describe in detail our Open Source software implementation of the Scatman algorithm, PyScatman. The Scatman approach yields quantitative results for weakly scattering samples. PyScatman is capable of computing wide-angle scattering patterns in few milliseconds even on consumer-level computing hardware. The high computational efficiency of PyScatman enables effective data analysis based on model fitting, thus representing an important step towards a systematic application of 3D Coherent Diffraction Imaging from single wide-angle diffraction patterns in various scientific communities.
Optimal Transport for Super Resolution Applied to Astronomy Imaging
Creators: name: Rawson, Michael
name: Hultgren, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.0
subject: 68T10, 85-08,

description: Super resolution is an essential tool in optics, especially on interstellar scales, due to physical laws restricting possible imaging resolution. We propose using optimal transport and entropy for super resolution applications. We prove that the reconstruction is accurate when sparsity is known and noise or distortion is small enough. We prove that the optimizer is stable and robust to noise and perturbations. We compare this method to a state of the art convolutional neural network and get similar results for much less computational cost and greater methodological flexibility.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Eta Carinae's 2014.6 Spectroscopic Event: The Extraordinary He II and N II Features
Creators: name: Davidson, Kris
name: Mehner, Andrea
name: Humphreys, Roberta
name: Martin, John C.
name: Ishibashi, Kazunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Eta Carinae's spectroscopic events (periastron passages) in 2003, 2009, and 2014 differed progressively. He II 4687 and nearby N II multiplet 5 have special significance because they respond to very soft X-rays and the ionizing UV radiation field (EUV). HST/STIS observations in 2014 show dramatic increases in both features compared to the previous 2009.1 event. These results appear very consistent with a progressive decline in the primary wind density, proposed years ago on other grounds. If material falls onto the companion star near periastron, the accretion rate may now have become too low to suppress the EUV
description: To appear in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Air du défilé de la bravade de Saint-Tropez interprété aux fifres de roseau par Fabre père et fils
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Inclassificáveis - a Digital Exhibition of Brazilian Artists Books, Zines, Comics and Cordéis from the UNC Chapel Hill Libraries' Collections
Creators: name: Damasceno,Paula
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: Latin American literature
Art work collection in libraries
Digital libraries
Cultural literacy

description: The information practices of artists and art students have not been specifically served by digital exhibitions of UNC-Chapel Hill Libraries’ collections. Inclassificáveis aims to fill that gap by providing online access to Brazilian artist books, comics, zines, and cordéis displayed, recognized, and made discoverable through a taxonomy that serves the above-cited population, and by promoting intersectionality between academic disciplines, cultures, and stories. In addition, Inclassificáveis is a culturally aware platform in which the inclusion of the Portuguese language provides broader access to speakers of a language other than English and the native language of the culture displayed in this exhibition. Ultimately, this project became an intersection of conscious archival description, culturally aware organizational systems, and user-specific information practices.
Performance of a new electron-tracking Compton camera under intense radiations from a water target irradiated with a proton beam
Creators: name: Matsuoka, Yoshihiro
name: Tanimori, T.
name: Kubo, H.
name: Takada, A.
name: Parker, J. D.
name: Mizumoto, T.
name: Mizumura, Y.
name: Iwaki, S.
name: Sawano, T.
name: Komura, S.
name: Kishimoto, T.
name: Oda, M.
name: Takemura, T.
name: Miyamoto, S.
name: Sonoda, S.
name: Tomono, D.
name: Miuchi, K.
name: Kabuki, S.
name: Kurosawa, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed an electron-tracking Compton camera (ETCC) for use in next-generation MeV gamma ray telescopes. An ETCC consists of a gaseous time projection chamber (TPC) and pixel scintillator arrays (PSAs). Since the TPC measures the three dimensional tracks of Compton-recoil electrons, the ETCC can completely reconstruct the incident gamma rays. Moreover, the ETCC demonstrates efficient background rejection power in Compton-kinematics tests, identifies particle from the energy deposit rate (dE/dX) registered in the TPC, and provides high quality imaging by completely reconstructing the Compton scattering process. We are planning the "Sub-MeV gamma ray Imaging Loaded-on-balloon Experiment" (SMILE) for our proposed all-sky survey satellite. Performance tests of a mid-sized 30 cm-cubic ETCC, constructed for observing the Crab nebula, are ongoing. However, observations at balloon altitudes or satellite orbits are obstructed by radiation background from the atmosphere and the detector itself. The background rejection power was checked using proton accelerator experiments conducted at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University. To create the intense radiation fields encountered in space, which comprise gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other energetic entities, we irradiated a water target with a 140 MeV proton beam and placed a SMILE-II ETCC near the target. In this situation, the counting rate was five times than that expected at the balloon altitude. Nonetheless, the ETCC stably operated and identified particles sufficiently to obtain a clear gamma ray image of the checking source. Here, we report the performance of our detector and demonstrate its effective background rejection based in electron tracking experiments.
description: 10 pages, 8figures, http://www-cr.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp/research/MeV-gamma/wiki/wiki.cgi , PSD10
"Wo das Gebet still steht, endet auch das Verständnis"
Creators: name: Knop, Julia
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 38 Nr. 5 (2009): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 38, Heft 5
Laplacian paths in complex networks: information core emerges from entropic transitions
Creators: name: Villegas, Pablo
name: Gabrielli, Andrea
name: Santucci, Francesca
name: Caldarelli, Guido
name: Gili, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Complex networks usually exhibit a rich architecture organized over multiple intertwined scales. Information pathways are expected to pervade these scales reflecting structural insights that are not manifest from analyses of the network topology. Moreover, small-world effects correlate with the different network hierarchies complicating the identification of coexisting mesoscopic structures and functional cores. We present a communicability analysis of effective information pathways throughout complex networks based on information diffusion to shed further light on these issues. We employ a variety of brand-new theoretical techniques allowing for: (i) bring the theoretical framework to quantify the probability of information diffusion among nodes, (ii) identify critical scales and structures of complex networks regardless of their intrinsic properties, and (iii) demonstrate their dynamical relevance in synchronization phenomena. By combining these ideas, we evidence how the information flow on complex networks unravels different resolution scales. Using computational techniques, we focus on entropic transitions, uncovering a generic mesoscale object, the information core, and controlling information processing in complex networks. Altogether, this study sheds much light on allowing new theoretical techniques paving the way to introduce future renormalization group approaches based on diffusion distances.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures. To be published in Phys. Rev. Res