cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Room-temperature near-infrared silicon carbide nanocrystalline emitters based on optically aligned spin defects
Creators: name: Muzha, A.
name: Fuchs, F.
name: Tarakina, N. V.
name: Simin, D.
name: Trupke, M.
name: Soltamov, V. A.
name: Mokhov, E. N.
name: Baranov, P. G.
name: Dyakonov, V.
name: Krueger, A.
name: Astakhov, G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bulk silicon carbide (SiC) is a very promising material system for bio-applications and quantum sensing. However, its optical activity lies beyond the near infrared spectral window for in-vivo imaging and fiber communications due to a large forbidden energy gap. Here, we report the fabrication of SiC nanocrystals and isolation of different nanocrystal fractions ranged from 600 nm down to 60 nm in size. The structural analysis reveals further fragmentation of the smallest nanocrystals into ca. 10-nm-size clusters of high crystalline quality, separated by amorphization areas. We use neutron irradiation to create silicon vacancies, demonstrating near infrared photoluminescence. Finally, we detect, for the first time, room-temperature spin resonances of these silicon vacancies hosted in SiC nanocrystals. This opens intriguing perspectives to use them not only as in-vivo luminescent markers, but also as magnetic field and temperature sensors, allowing for monitoring various physical, chemical and biological processes.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Warsaw Catalogue of cometary orbits: 119 near-parabolic comets
Creators: name: Królikowska, Małgorzata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The dynamical evolution of near-parabolic comets strongly depends on the starting values of the orbital elements derived from the positional observations. In addition, when drawing conclusions about the origin of these objects, it is crucial to control the uncertainties of orbital elements at each stage of the dynamical evolution. Aims. I apply a completely homogeneous approach to determine the cometary orbits and their uncertainties. The resulting catalogue is suitable for the investigation of the origin and future of near-parabolic comets. Methods. First, osculating orbits were determined on the basis of positional data. Second, the dynamical calculations were performed backwards and forwards up to 250 au from the Sun to derive original and future barycentric orbits for each comet. In the present investigation of dynamical evolution, the numerical calculations for a given object start from the swarm of virtual comets constructed using the previously determined osculating (nominal) orbit. In this way, the uncertainties of orbital elements were derived at the end of numerical calculations. Results. Homogeneous sets of orbital elements for osculating, original and future orbits are given. The catalogue of 119 cometary orbits constitutes about 70 per cent of all the first class so-called Oort spike comets discovered during the period of 1801-2010 and about 90 per cent of those discovered in 1951-2010, for which observations were completed at the end of 2013. Non-gravitational (NG) orbits are derived for 45 comets, including asymmetric NG~solution for six of them. Additionally, the new method for cometary orbit-quality assessment is applied for all these objects.
description: 32 pages including tables given in appendices, 3 figues, accepted for publication in A & A
Formalism of hydrodynamics with spin degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Singh, Rajeev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we review the perfect-fluid hydrodynamics with spin framework proposed recently. This framework generalises the standard relativistic hydrodynamics framework to include spin degrees of freedom and provides a natural method to describe the spin polarization evolution of massive spin 1/2 particles. This formalism is based on the GLW (de Groot - van Leeuwen - van Weert) energy-momentum tensor and spin tensor. We show here using Bjorken model that how this spin hydrodynamics framework may be used for the determination of the observables which describes the particle polarization measured in the experiment.
description: Presented at The Eighth Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics-LHCP2020, 25-30 May, 2020. 5 pages, 5 figures. Revised and accepted version
Artificial non-Abelian lattice gauge fields for photons in the synthetic frequency dimension
Creators: name: Cheng, Dali
name: Wang, Kai
name: Fan, Shanhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Abelian gauge fields give rise to nontrivial topological physics. Here we develop a scheme to create an arbitrary SU(2) lattice gauge field for photons in the synthetic frequency dimension using an array of dynamically modulated ring resonators. The photon polarization is taken as the spin basis to implement the matrix-valued gauge fields. Using a non-Abelian generalization of the Harper-Hofstadter Hamiltonian as a specific example, we show that the measurement of the steady-state photon amplitudes inside the resonators can reveal the band structures of the Hamiltonian, which show signatures of the underlying non-Abelian gauge field. These results provide opportunities to explore novel topological phenomena associated with non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic systems.
Induction of de novo bone formation in the beagle. A novel effect of aluminum.
Creators: name: Quarles, L D
name: Drezner, M K
name: Gitelman, H J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: L'aluminium peut stimuler la formation d'os non couplée et produire un bilan osseux positif. Cette augmentation de l'histogénèse de l'os contraste avec les effets des agents pharmacologiques qui modifient la fonction des unités de remodelage osseux existantes.
PRESSURE PARADOX - THEORETICAL EXPLORATION OF ABSOLUTE VACUUM
Creators: name: Brandl, Edenilson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Absolute vacuum
Negative pressure
Theoretical physics
Quantum field theory
Vacuum fluctuations
Vacuum energy
Quantum vacuum
Speculative concept
Absolutes Vakuum
Unterdruck
Theoretische Physik
Quantenfeldtheorie
Vakuumfluktuationen
Vakuumenergie
Quantenvakuum
Spekulatives Konzept

description: This article explores the speculative concept of achieving an absolute vacuum with negative pressure, emphasizing its theoretical nature and potential significance. The concept challenges classical thermodynamics and offers unique characteristics within quantum field theory. It is characterized by the dynamic nature of the quantum vacuum, vacuum fluctuations, and the creation and annihilation of virtual particles. Theoretical challenges, practical limitations, and the absence of experimental evidence are discussed. Achieving negative pressure could lead to revolutionary advancements in technology and science, but it requires interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical considerations, and responsible development. This speculative concept underscores the need for further exploration in the field of theoretical physics.
 
Dieser Artikel untersucht das spekulative Konzept, mit Unterdruck ein absolutes Vakuum zu erreichen, und betont dessen theoretischen Charakter und seine potenzielle Bedeutung. Das Konzept stellt die klassische Thermodynamik in Frage und bietet einzigartige Eigenschaften innerhalb der Quantenfeldtheorie. Es zeichnet sich durch die dynamische Natur des Quantenvakuums, Vakuumfluktuationen und die Entstehung und Vernichtung virtueller Teilchen aus. Theoretische Herausforderungen, praktische Einschränkungen und das Fehlen experimenteller Beweise werden diskutiert. Das Erreichen eines Unterdrucks könnte zu revolutionären Fortschritten in Technologie und Wissenschaft führen, erfordert jedoch interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit, ethische Überlegungen und verantwortungsvolle Entwicklung. Dieses spekulative Konzept unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit weiterer Forschung auf dem Gebiet der theoretischen Physik.
Jet measurements with ALICE: substructure, dead cone, charm jets
Creators: name: Vertesi, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A selection of recent jet measurements are presented from the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV, focusing on substructure results for inclusive and charmed jets. The groomed jet momentum fractions ($z_g$) of inclusive full jets are shown for various jet resolution parameters, and $z_g$, the groomed splitting radius ($θ_g$) as well as the number of soft drops ($n_{\rm SD}$) of inclusive and charmed charged-particle jets are compared. The first direct measurement of the dead cone in heavy-flavor jets is also presented. Furthermore, the parallel momentum fractions of charmed D$^0$ mesons and $Λ_\mathrm{c}^+$ baryons are shown. Besides serving as a reference for jet structure modification measurements in heavy-ion collisions, these results provide new insight to QCD parton shower properties and flavor-dependent fragmentation processes.
description: To appear in the proceedings of LHCP2020 - the 8th annual conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics
Dolbeault and $J$-invariant cohomologies on almost complex manifolds
Creators: name: Sillari, Lorenzo
name: Tomassini, Adriano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32Q60, 53C15

description: In this paper we relate the cohomology of $J$-invariant forms to the Dolbeault cohomology of an almost complex manifold. We find necessary and sufficient condition for the inclusion of the former into the latter to be true up to isomorphism. We also extend some results obtained by J. Cirici and S.O. Wilson about the computation of the left-invariant cohomology of nilmanifolds to the setting of solvmanifolds. Several examples are given.
The $D^*/D$ ratio in heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Abreu, L. M.
name: Navarra, F. S.
name: Vieira, H. P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the $D^*$ and $D$ multiplicities and how they change during the hadron gas phase of heavy ion collisions. With the help of an effective Lagrangian formalism, we calculate the production and absorption cross sections of the $D^*$ and $D$ mesons in a hadronic medium. We compute the time evolution of the abundances and the ratio $D^* /D$. They are approximately constant in time. Also, assuming a Bjorken type cooling and using an empirical relation between the freeze-out temperature and the central multiplicity density, we estimate $D^* /D$ as a function of $ dN /d η(η=0)$, which represents the system size. We find that, while the number of $D^*$'s and $D$'s grows significantly with the system size, their ratio remains approximately constant. This prediction can be compared with future experimental data. Our results suggest that the charm meson interactions in the hadron gas do not change their multiplicities and consequently these mesons are close to chemical equilibrium.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Recent results on hard and rare probes from ALICE
Creators: name: Gromada, Alena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In high-energy hadronic collisions, hard parton scatterings with large momentum transfers are prerequisites for the formation of hard and rare probes. In heavy-ion collisions, these probes---final state particles related to the early hard-parton scatterings---serve as a powerful tool to explore the whole evolution of the medium including the quark--gluon plasma (QGP) stage. Hard probes in proton-proton (pp) collisions test perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) processes and hadronization, and provide a reference for the nuclear collision systems. High-multiplicity pp collisions provide a bridge to heavy-ion collisions, due to their large event activity. Heavy-flavor hadrons containing at least one charm or beauty quark belong to the hard and rare probes. Recently, ALICE has measured a broad palette of heavy-flavour baryons allowing to shed more light on charm fragmentation. Measurements of charmonium production as a function of the event multiplicity can provide insight into the interplay between charmonium-production processes and soft processes driving the multiplicity. ALICE has investigated the multiplicity dependence of J/$ψ$ production at midrapidity and the ratio of $ψ\rm (2S)$ to J/$ψ$ yields at forward rapidity. The charm and beauty cross sections can be constrained by fits of Monte-Carlo generators to the measured dielectron continuum.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures, The Eighth Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics - LHCP2020
Neutrophil and monocyte cell surface p150,95 has iC3b-receptor (CR4) activity resembling CR3.
Creators: name: Hogg, N
name: Dalzell, J G
name: Ross, G D
name: Myones, B L
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: Previous investigations of p150,95 (CD11c), the third member of the CD18 membrane glycoprotein family that includes CR3 (Mac-1 or CD11b) and LFA-1 (CD11a), had demonstrated that solubilized p150,95 bound to iC3b-agarose in a manner similar to isolated CR3. The current study showed that membrane surface p150,95 also expressed iC3b-receptor activity and was probably the same as the neutrophil receptor for iC3b- or C3dg-coated erythrocytes (EC3bi or EC3dg) that had been previously designated CR4. Normal neutrophil and macrophage CR4-dependent EC3bi rosettes were inhibited by monoclonal anti-p150,95, and cells from a patient with CD18 deficiency did not form CR4-dependent EC3bi rosettes. With neutrophils that bore large amounts of CR1 and CR3 and little p150,95, EC3bi were found primarily via CR1 and CR3, and demonstration of p150,95-dependent rosettes required large amounts of fixed iC3b, low-ionic strength buffer, and antibody blockade of CR1 and CR3. By contrast, culture-derived macrophages expressed eight times more p150,95 than did monocytes and EC3bi were bound to both p150,95 and CR3 when EC3bi bore small amounts of fixed iC3b and assays were carried out in isotonic buffer. Comparison of the amounts of CR1, CR3, and CR4 in various tissues by immunoperoxidase staining revealed that CR4 was the most abundant C3 receptor molecule on tissue macrophages, and suggested that CR4 might be involved in clearance of C3-opsonized particles or immune complexes.
Phagocyte-derived lactate stimulates oxygen consumption by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. An unrecognized aspect of the oxygen metabolism of phagocytosis.
Creators: name: Svendsen, T
name: Klapper, D
name: Britigan, B E
name: Cohen, M S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: L'acide lactique extra-cellulaire, libéré par suite de la glycolyse des neutrophiles, augmente le transfert des électrons et la consommation d'O2par les gonocoques. On discute les implications possibles de cette observation pour la pathogénie bactérienne.
Probabilistic buckling of imperfect hemispherical shells containing a distribution of defects
Creators: name: Derveni, Fani
name: Gueissaz, William
name: Yan, Dong
name: Reis, Pedro M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The buckling of spherical shells is plagued by a strong sensitivity to imperfections. Traditionally, imperfect shells tend to be characterized empirically by the knockdown factor, the ratio between the measured buckling strength and the corresponding classic prediction for a perfect shell. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the knockdown factor of a shell containing a single imperfection can be predicted when there is detailed a priori knowledge of the defect geometry. Still, addressing the analogous problem for a shell containing many defects remains an open question. Here, we use finite element simulations, which we validate against precision experiments, to investigate hemispherical shells containing a well-defined distribution of imperfections. Our goal is to characterize the resulting knockdown factor statistics. First, we study the buckling of shells containing only two defects, uncovering nontrivial regimes of interactions that echo existing findings for cylindrical shells. Then, we construct statistical ensembles of imperfect shells, whose defect amplitudes are sampled from a lognormal distribution. We find that a 3-parameter Weibull distribution is an excellent description for the measured statistics of knockdown factors, suggesting that shell buckling can be regarded as an extreme-value statistics phenomenon.
Distance estimates for AGB stars from parallax measurements
Creators: name: Andriantsaralaza, M.
name: Ramstedt, S.
name: Vlemmings, W. H. T
name: De Beck, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Estimating the distances to asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars using optical measurements of their parallaxes is not straightforward because of the large uncertainties introduced by their dusty envelopes, their large angular sizes, and their surface brightness variability. We compared the parallaxes from Gaia DR3 with parallaxes measured with maser observations with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) to determine a statistical correction factor for the DR3 parallaxes using a sub-sample of 33 maser-emitting oxygen-rich nearby AGB stars. We found that the nominal errors on the Gaia DR3 parallaxes are underestimated by a factor of 5.44 for the brightest sources ($G<8$ mag). Fainter sources ($8\leq G<12$) require a lower parallax error inflation factor of 2.74. We obtain a Gaia DR3 parallax zero-point offset of -0.077 mas for bright AGB stars. The offset becomes more negative for fainter AGB stars. We calculated the distances of about 200 AGB stars in the DEATHSTAR project using a Bayesian statistical approach on the corrected DR3 parallaxes and a prior based on the previously determined Galactic distribution of AGB stars. We found that the derived Gaia distances are associated with significant, asymmetrical errors for more than 40% of the sources in our sample. We performed radiative transfer modelling of the stellar and dust emission to determine the luminosity of the sources in the VLBI sub-sample based on the distances derived from maser parallaxes, and derived a new bolometric period-luminosity relation for Galactic oxygen-rich Mira variables. A new distance catalogue based on these results is provided for the sources in the DEATHSTAR sample. We found that a RUWE (re-normalised unit weight error) below 1.4 does not guarantee reliable distance estimates and we advise against the use of only the RUWE to measure the quality of Gaia DR3 astrometric data for individual AGB stars.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, 3 appendices, accepted for publication in A&A, corrected typos, distance catalogue available on the CDS (and any updates that may occur)
Supernovae double-peaked light curves from double-nickel distribution
Creators: name: Orellana, Mariana
name: Bersten, Melina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among supernovae (SNe) of different luminosities, many double-peaked light curves (LCs) have been observed, representing a broad morphological variety. In this work, we investigate which of these can be modelled by assuming a double-peaked distribution of their radioactive material, as originally proposed for SN2005bf. The inner zone corresponds to the regular explosive nucleosynthesis and extends outwards, according to the usual scenario of mixing. The outer 56Ni-rich shell may be related to the effect of jet-like outflows that have interacted with more distant portions of the star before the arrival of the SN shock. As the outer layer is covered by matter that is optically less thick, its energy emerges earlier and generates a first peak of radiation. To investigate this scenario in more detail, we have applied our hydrodynamic code that follows the shock propagation through the progenitor star and takes into account the effect of the gamma-ray photons produced by the decay of the radioactive isotopes. We present a simple parametric model for the 56Ni abundance profile and explore the consequences on the LC of individually varying the quantities that define this distribution, setting our focus onto the stripped-envelope progenitors. In this first study, we are interested in the applicability of this model to SNe that have not been classified as superluminous, thus, we have selected our parameter space accordingly. Then, within the same mathematical prescription for the 56Ni-profile, we revisited the modelling process for a series of objects: SN2005bf, PTF2011mnb, SN2019cad, and SN2008D. In some cases, a decrease in the gamma ray opacity is required to fit the late time observations. We also discuss the other cases in which this scenario might be likely to explain the LC morphology.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 11 pages
Efficient Confinement of Ultraviolet Light into the Self-Assembled, Dielectric Colloidal Monolayer on a Flat Aluminum Film
Creators: name: Lee, Seungwoo
name: Kim, Juyoung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we propose the efficient confinement of ultraviolet (UV) light into the plasmonic-photonic crystal hybrid, which can be practically developed by the self-assembly of dielectric colloidal nanosphere monolayer onto a flat aluminum (Al) film. Using a numerical approach, we analyzed modal characteristics of each different resonant mode at the UV wavelengths including surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode and waveguided (WG) mode and tuned these resonant modes from deep to far UV simply by adjusting the size of dielectric colloidal nanosphere. The calculated quality-factor (Q-factor) of such plasmonic-photonic crystal hybrid is at least one order of magnitude higher than that of the existing Al nanostructures (Al nanoparticles, nanodisks, nanovoids, or nanogratings) standing on the dielectric substrate. Also, we systematically studied how the amount of native oxide, which can be generated during the general process for the deposition of Al, can influence on both the SPP and WG modes of such plasmonic-photonic crystal hybrid in order to guide strategies for a realistic experimental fabrication and exploitation of relevant optical responses. We anticipate that the theoretical results in this paper enable a promising step in the enhancement of UV light interaction with the nanophotonic structure in a versatile, but highly efficient way.
Redshift and stellar mass dependence of intrinsic shapes of disc-dominated galaxies from COSMOS observations below $z = 1.0$
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Kai
name: Laigle, Clotilde
name: Chisari, Nora Elisa
name: Tallada, Pau
name: Teyssier, Romain
name: Dubois, Yohan
name: Devriendt, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high abundance of disc galaxies without a large central bulge challenges predictions of current hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy formation. We aim to shed light on the formation of these objects by studying the redshift and mass dependence of their intrinsic 3D shape distributions in the COSMOS galaxy survey below redshift $z=1.0$. This distribution is inferred from the observed distribution of 2D shapes, using a reconstruction method which we test using hydrodynamic simulations. Our tests reveal a moderate bias for the inferred average disc circularity and relative thickness, but a large bias on the dispersion of these quantities. Applying the reconstruction method on COSMOS data, we find variations of the average disc circularity and relative thickness with redshift of around $\sim1\%$ and $\sim10\%$ respectively, which is comparable to the error estimates on these quantities. The average relative disc thickness shows a significant mass dependence which can be accounted for by the scaling of disc radius with galaxy mass. We conclude that our data provides no evidence for a strong dependence of the average circularity and absolute thickness of disc-dominated galaxies on redshift and mass that is significant with respect to the statistical uncertainties in our analysis. These findings are expected in the absence of disruptive merging or feedback events that would affect galaxy shapes. They hence support a scenario where present-day discs form early ($z>1.0$) and subsequently undergo a tranquil evolution in isolation. However, more data and a better understanding of systematics are needed to reaffirm our results.
description: 28 pages, 27 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Thermophysical Properties of Lignocellulose: A Cell-scale Study down to 41K
Creators: name: Cheng, Zhe
name: Xu, Zaoli
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Wang, Xinwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal energy transport is of great importance in lignocellulose pyrolysis for bio-fuels. The thermophysical properties of lignocellulose significantly affect the overall properties of bio-composites and the related thermal transport. In this work, cell-scale lignocellulose (mono-layer plant cells) is prepared to characterize their thermal properties from room temperature down to 41 K. The thermal conductivities of cell-scale lignocellulose along different directions show a little anisotropy due to the cell structure anisotropy. It is found that with temperature going down, the volumetric specific heat of the lignocellulose shows a slower decreasing trend against temperature than that of microcrystalline cellulose, and its value is always higher than that of microcrystalline cellulose. The thermal conductivity of lignocellulose decreases with temperature from 243 K to 317 K due to increasing phonon-phonon scatterings. From 41 K to 243 K, the thermal conductivity rises with temperature and its change mainly depends on the heat capacity's change.
Asteroid-Meteoroid Complexes
Creators: name: Kasuga, Toshihiro
name: Jewitt, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is an overview of recent research on meteors and the parent bodies from which they are produced. While many meteor showers result from material ejected by comets, two out of the three strongest annual showers (the Geminids and the Quadrantids) are associated with objects whose physical properties are apparently those of asteroids. In the last decades dynamical and observational studies have confirmed the existence of a number of Asteroid-Meteoroid Complexes, comprising streams and several macroscopic, split fragments. Spectroscopy of meteor showers has been utilized to investigate the perihelion-dependent thermal alteration while in interplanetary space. In this chapter, we review characteristics of the complexes, including those of some minor streams. The scientific interest is to trace the physical and dynamical properties of the complexes back to the evolutionary pathways to learn about the variety of production processes of meteoroids to form streams. We also discuss open questions in the field for the next decade.
description: Chapter 8 in the book "Meteoroids: Sources of Meteors on Earth and Beyond", Cambridge University Press, 2019
Comparing Stochastic Differential Equations and Agent-Based Modelling and Simulation for Early-stage Cancer
Creators: name: Figueredo, Grazziela P
name: Siebers, Peer-Olaf
name: Owen, Markus R
name: Reps, Jenna
name: Aickelin, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is great potential to be explored regarding the use of agent-based modelling and simulation as an alternative paradigm to investigate early-stage cancer interactions with the immune system. It does not suffer from some limitations of ordinary differential equation models, such as the lack of stochasticity, representation of individual behaviours rather than aggregates and individual memory. In this paper we investigate the potential contribution of agent-based modelling and simulation when contrasted with stochastic versions of ODE models using early-stage cancer examples. We seek answers to the following questions: (1) Does this new stochastic formulation produce similar results to the agent-based version? (2) Can these methods be used interchangeably? (3) Do agent-based models outcomes reveal any benefit when compared to the Gillespie results? To answer these research questions we investigate three well-established mathematical models describing interactions between tumour cells and immune elements. These case studies were re-conceptualised under an agent-based perspective and also converted to the Gillespie algorithm formulation. Our interest in this work, therefore, is to establish a methodological discussion regarding the usability of different simulation approaches, rather than provide further biological insights into the investigated case studies. Our results show that it is possible to obtain equivalent models that implement the same mechanisms; however, the incapacity of the Gillespie algorithm to retain individual memory of past events affects the similarity of some results. Furthermore, the emergent behaviour of ABMS produces extra patters of behaviour in the system, which was not obtained by the Gillespie algorithm.
description: PLoS ONE, 9 (4), pp. e95150, 2014
Qubitization strategies for bosonic field theories
Creators: name: Alexandru, Andrei
name: Bedaque, Paulo F.
name: Carosso, Andrea
name: Cervia, Michael J.
name: Sheng, Andy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum simulations of bosonic field theories require a truncation in field space to map the theory onto finite quantum registers. Ideally, the truncated theory preserves the symmetries of the original model and has a critical point in the same universality class. In this paper, we explore two different truncations that preserve the symmetries of the 1+1-dimensional $O(3)$ non-linear $σ$-model - one that truncates the Hilbert space for the unit sphere by setting an angular momentum cutoff and a fuzzy sphere truncation inspired by non-commutative geometry. We compare the spectrum of the truncated theories in a finite box with the full theory. We use open boundary conditions, a novel method that improves on the correlation lengths accessible in our calculations. We provide evidence that the angular-momentum truncation fails to reproduce the $σ$-model and that the anti-ferromagnetic fuzzy model agrees with the full theory.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
U(1) CS Theory vs SL(2) CS Formulation: Boundary Theory and Wilson Line
Creators: name: Huang, Xing
name: Ma, Chen-Te
name: Shu, Hongfei
name: Wu, Chih-Hung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We first derive the boundary theory from the U(1) Chern-Simons theory. The boundary action on an $n$-sheet manifold appears from its back-reaction of the Wilson line. The reason is that the U(1) Chern-Simons theory can provide an exact effective action when introducing the Wilson line. The Wilson line in the pure AdS$_3$ Einstein gravity is equivalent to entanglement entropy in the boundary theory up to classical gravity. The U(1) Chern-Simons theory deviates by a self-interaction term from the gauge formulation on the boundary. We also compare the Hayward term in the SL(2) Chern-Simons formulation to the Wilson line approach. Introducing two wedges can reproduce the entanglement entropy for a single interval at the classical level. We propose quantum generalization by combining the bulk and Hayward terms. The quantum correction of the partition function vanishes. In the end, we calculate the entanglement entropy for a single interval. The pure AdS$_3$ Einstein gravity theory shows a shift of central charge by 26 at the one-loop level. The U(1) Chern-Simons theory does not show a shift from the quantum effect. The result is the same in the weak gravitational constant limit. The non-vanishing quantum correction shows that the Hayward term is incorrect.
description: 42 pages, 3 figures, minor changes, reference changed
Share the Tensor Tea: How Databases can Leverage the Machine Learning Ecosystem
Creators: name: Asada, Yuki
name: Fu, Victor
name: Gandhi, Apurva
name: Gemawat, Advitya
name: Zhang, Lihao
name: He, Dong
name: Gupta, Vivek
name: Nosakhare, Ehi
name: Banda, Dalitso
name: Sen, Rathijit
name: Interlandi, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We demonstrate Tensor Query Processor (TQP): a query processor that automatically compiles relational operators into tensor programs. By leveraging tensor runtimes such as PyTorch, TQP is able to: (1) integrate with ML tools (e.g., Pandas for data ingestion, Tensorboard for visualization); (2) target different hardware (e.g., CPU, GPU) and software (e.g., browser) backends; and (3) end-to-end accelerate queries containing both relational and ML operators. TQP is generic enough to support the TPC-H benchmark, and it provides performance that is comparable to, and often better than, that of specialized CPU and GPU query processors.
Aluminum-induced de novo bone formation in the beagle. A parathyroid hormone-dependent event.
Creators: name: Gitelman, H J
name: Quarles, L D
name: Drezner, M K
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1989

description: L'aluminium stimule la néo-ostéogenèse et produit un bilan osseux positif. Cependant cet effet semble dépendre de la disponibilité d'un pool d'ostéoblastes fonctionnels qui, s'il est réduit par la thyroparathyroïdectomie limite l'expression de la néoformation d'os provoquée par l'aluminium.
Constraining planetary mass-loss rates by simulating Parker wind profiles with Cloudy
Creators: name: Linssen, Dion
name: Oklopčić, Antonija
name: MacLeod, Morgan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of exoplanet atmospheres based on Parker-wind density and velocity profiles are a common choice in fitting spectroscopic observations tracing planetary atmospheric escape. Inferring atmospheric properties using these models often results in a degeneracy between the temperature and the mass-loss rate, and thus provides weak constraints on either parameter. We present a framework that can partially resolve this degeneracy by placing more stringent constraints on the expected thermospheric temperature. We use the photoionization code Cloudy within an iterative scheme to compute the temperature structure of a grid of 1D Parker wind models, including the effects of radiative heating/cooling, as well as the hydrodynamic effects (expansion cooling and heat advection). We constrain the parameter space by identifying models that are not self-consistent through a comparison of the simulated temperature in the He 10830 $Å$ line-forming region to the temperature assumed in creating the models. We demonstrate this procedure on models based on HD 209458 b. By investigating the Parker wind models with an assumed temperature between 4000 and 12000 K, and a mass-loss rate between $10^{8}$ and $10^{11}$ g s$^{-1}$, we are able to rule out a large portion of this parameter space. Furthermore, we fit the models to previous observational data and combine both constraints to find a preferred thermospheric temperature of $T=8200^{+1200}_{-1100}$ K and a mass-loss rate of $\dot{M}=10^{9.84^{+0.24}_{-0.27}}$ g s$^{-1}$ assuming a fixed atmospheric composition and no gas pressure confinement by the stellar wind. Using the same procedure, we constrain the temperatures and mass-loss rates of WASP-69 b, WASP-52 b, HAT-P-11 b, HAT-P-18 b and WASP-107 b.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Long-term variations in the north-south asymmetry of solar activity and solar cycle prediction, III: prediction for the amplitude of solar cycle 25
Creators: name: Javaraiah, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The combined Greenwich and Solar Optical Observing Network (SOON) sunspot group data during 1874-2013 are analyzed and studied the relatively long-term variations in the annual sums of the areas of sunspot groups in 0-10 deg, 10-20 deg, and 20-30 deg latitude intervals of the Sun's northern and southern hemispheres. The variations in the corresponding north-south differences are also studied. Long periodicities in these parameters are determined from the fast Fourier transform (FFT), maximum entropy method (MEM), and Morlet wavelet analysis. It is found that in the difference between the sums of the areas of the sunspot groups in 0-10 deg latitude intervals of northern and southern hemispheres, there exist ~9-year periodicity during the high activity period 1940-1980 and ~12-year periodicity during the low activity period 1890-1939. It is also found that there exists a high correlation (85% from 128 data points) between the sum of the areas of the sunspot groups in 0-10 deg latitude interval of the southern hemisphere during a Qth year (middle year of 3-year smoothed time series) and the annual mean International Sunspot Number (Rz) of (Q+9)th year. Implication of these results is discussed in the context of solar activity prediction and predicted 50 + or - 10 for the amplitude of solar cycle 25, which is about 31% lower than the amplitude of cycle 24.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, New Astronomy 34, 54-64 (2015)
Magnetic phase diagram and possible Kitaev-like behavior of honeycomb-lattice antimonate Na3Co2SbO6
Creators: name: Vavilova, E.
name: Vasilchikova, T.
name: Vasiliev, A.
name: Mikhailova, D.
name: Nalbandyan, V.
name: Zvereva, E.
name: Streltsov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent theoretical studies have suggested that Kitaev physics and such effects as formation of a mysterious spin-liquid state can be expected not only in RuCl3 and iridates, but also in conventional $3d$ transition metal compounds. Using DC and AC magnetometry, thermodynamic and $^{23}$Na nuclear magnetic resonance measurements (NMR) we studied such a candidate material Na3Co2SbO6. A full phase diagram of Na3Co2SbO6 in a wide range of magnetic fields and temperatures is presented. The results demonstrate transformation of the antiferromagnetic structure under the external magnetic field, gradual development of the saturation phase, as well as evidence of gapped behavior in certain parts of the phase diagram
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 4 (43)]
Creators: name: Guillelma
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1310
Subjects: subject: Sonstige geistliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Guillelma de Zurlis, Äbtissin des Klosters St. Redegondae [in Mailand], belehnt Jacobus, Sohn des vertorbenen Albertus de Porta, aus dem burgus Melzus mit einem Stück Land, gelegen auf dem burgus.
Single photon controlled steady state electron transport through a resonance DQD-Cavity system in a strong coupling regime
Creators: name: Abdulkhalaq, Halo Anwar
name: Abdullah, Nzar Rauf
name: Gudmundsson, Vidar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform theoretical calculations to study steady-state electron transport in a double quantum dot, DQD, coupled to a quantized cavity photon field both in resonance and off-resonance regimes considering weak and strong coupling. In the resonant strong coupling regime, photon exchanges between the energy states of the DQD and the cavity are found reflecting multiple Rabi-resonances. The electron occupation of the states and the transport current can be smoothly increased by tuning the cavity-environment coupling strength. Making the system off-resonant, but still in the strong coupling regime, the photon exchange is diminished and the electron occupation of the system and the transport current through it are prominent for high cavity-environment coupling strength. In the weak coupling regime between the DQD and the cavity, the system has almost the same response in the resonant and the off-resonant regimes at high values of the cavity-environment coupling strength.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2206.15193
SFR estimations from z=0 to z=0.9 -- A comparison of SFR calibrators for star-forming galaxies
Creators: name: Figueira, M.
name: Pollo, A.
name: Małek, K.
name: Buat, V.
name: Boquien, M.
name: Pistis, F.
name: Cassarà, L. P.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Hamed, M.
name: Salim, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using VIPERS, we estimated a set of SFR based on photometric and spectroscopic data. We used, as estimators, photometric bands from ultraviolet to mid-infrared, and spectral lines. Assuming a reference SFR obtained from the spectral energy distribution reconstructed with Code Investigating GALaxy Emission, we estimated the reliability of each band as an SFR tracer. We used GSWLC to trace the dependence of these SFR calibrators with redshift. The far and near UV, u-band and 24-$μ$m bands, as well as $L_{TIR}$, are found to be good SFR tracers up to $z\sim0.9$ with a strong dependence on the attenuation prescription used for the bluest bands (scatter of SFR of 0.26, 0.14, 0.15, 0.23, and 0.24dex for VIPERS, and 0.25, 0.24, 0.09, 0.12, and 0.12dex for GSWLC). The 8-$μ$m band provides only a rough estimate of the SFR as it depends on metallicity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon properties (scatter of 0.23dex for VIPERS). We estimated the scatter of rest-frame luminosity estimations from CIGALE to be 0.26, 0.14, 0.12, 0.15, and 0.20dex for FUV, NUV, ugriz, K$_{\mathrm{s}}$, and 8-24$μ$m-$L_{\mathrm{TIR}}$). At intermediate redshift, the H$β$ line is a reliable SFR tracer (scatter of 0.19dex) and the [OII] line gives an equally good estimation when the metallicity from the $R_{23}$ parameter is taken into account (0.17 for VIPERS and 0.20dex for GSWLC). A calibration based on [OIII] retrieves the SFR only when additional information such as the metallicity or the ionization parameter of galaxies are used (0.26 for VIPERS and 0.20dex for GSWLC), diminishing its usability as a direct SFR tracer. Based on rest-frame luminosities estimated with CIGALE, we propose our own set of calibrations from FUV, NUV, u-band, 8, 24$μ$m, $L_{TIR}$, H$β$, [OII], and [OIII].
description: 35 pages, 28 figures, o be published in A&A
Open heavy-flavour production from small to large collision systems with ALICE at the LHC
Creators: name: Vermunt, Luuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy quarks are effective probes to study the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this contribution, the latest results on open heavy-flavour production in pp and Pb-Pb collisions measured by the ALICE Collaboration will be discussed. Measurements of open heavy-flavour production in Pb-Pb collisions allow for testing the mechanisms of heavy-quark transport and energy loss in the medium. In addition, measurements of the elliptic ($v_{2}$) and triangular ($v_{3}$) flow coefficients of heavy-flavour particles give insights into the participation of heavy quarks in the collective motion of the medium, the path-length dependence of their in-medium energy loss, and recombination effects during the hadronisation. Finally, the directed flow ($v_{1}$) of open heavy-flavour particles is sensitive to the unprecedentedly strong magnetic fields present in the early stages of the collision, and so measurements of its charge dependence are key to constraining the electrical conductivity of the QGP. In small hadronic systems like pp, open heavy-flavour production provides the baseline for the investigation of hot-medium effects in heavy-ion collisions, as well as tests of perturbative quantum chromodynamic calculations.
description: Proceedings of ICHEP Conference 2020. 6 pages, 4 figures
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (91)]
Creators: name: Castellinus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1437
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Castellinus de Montemerlo, Doktor der Rechte, vicarius und subdelegatus des miles Baldesar de Castilliono, seinerseits Podestà von Novara und delegatus des Herzogs [Filippo Maria Visconti] von Mailand, befindet in einem Rechtsstreit zwischen Johannes de Mommo, Prokurator des Johannes Antonius de Mangiabaffis, seinerseits Sohn des verstorbenen Genexius, auf der einen und Germola, Mutter des Johannes Antonius und Witwe des Genexius, bzw. ihrem Prokurator auf der anderen Seite Germola für geistig unzurechnungsfähig und überträgt ihrem Bruder Georgius de Baldo die Vormundschaft über sie.
The $β$-symmetry of supergravity
Creators: name: Baron, Walter H.
name: Marques, Diego
name: Nunez, Carmen A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuous O$(d,d)$ global symmetries emerge in Kaluza-Klein reductions of $D$-dimensional string supergravities to $D-d$ dimensions. We show that the non-geometric elements of this group effectively act in the $D$-dimensional parent theory as a hidden bosonic symmetry that fixes its couplings: the $β$-symmetry. We give the explicit $β$-transformations to first order in $α'$ and verify the invariance of the action as well as the closure of the transformation rules.
description: 8 pages