cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Many-body quantum dynamics slows down at low density
Creators: name: Chen, Xiao
name: Gu, Yingfei
name: Lucas, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum many-body systems with a global U(1) conservation law, focusing on a theory of $N$ interacting fermions with charge conservation, or $N$ interacting spins with one conserved component of total spin. We define an effective operator size at finite chemical potential through suitably regularized out-of-time-ordered correlation functions. The growth rate of this density-dependent operator size vanishes algebraically with charge density; hence we obtain new bounds on Lyapunov exponents and butterfly velocities in charged systems at a given density, which are parametrically stronger than any Lieb-Robinson bound. We argue that the density dependence of our bound on the Lyapunov exponent is saturated in the charged Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. We also study random automaton quantum circuits and Brownian Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models, each of which exhibit a different density dependence for the Lyapunov exponent, and explain the discrepancy. We propose that our results are a cartoon for understanding Planckian-limited energy-conserving dynamics at finite temperature.
description: 17+3 pages; 3+1 figures; v2, v3: minor changes
Isolated renal hydatid cyst presenting as haematuria in a 35-year-old Female: A Case Report
Creators: name: Shaahed Taher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a parasitic infection that primarily affects the liver and lungs, with renal involvement being rare. This case report describes a 35-year-old female who presented with right flank pain and occasional hematuria. The patient had a history of close contact with a pet dog. Imaging studies, including ultrasound and computed tomography (CT), revealed an 8 cm hydatid cyst in the right kidney. Serological testing confirmed the diagnosis of renal hydatid disease. The patient underwent preoperative albendazole therapy followed by partial nephrectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient showed no recurrence at three months follow-up. Renal hydatid disease, although uncommon, should be considered in patients from endemic areas or with relevant risk factors. Early diagnosis through imaging and serological tests, followed by a combination of medical and surgical management, can lead to successful outcomes. This case highlights the importance of considering hydatid disease in the differential diagnosis of renal cystic masses in appropriate clinical settings.
Tableaux over Lie algebras, integrable systems, and classical surface theory
Creators: name: Musso, Emilio
name: Nicolodi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58A17; 53A40; 58F07

description: Starting from suitable tableaux over finite dimensional Lie algebras, we provide a scheme for producing involutive linear Pfaffian systems related to various classes of submanifolds in homogeneous spaces which constitute integrable systems. These include isothermic surfaces, Willmore surfaces, and other classical soliton surfaces. Completely integrable equations such as the G/G_0-system of Terng and the curved flat system of Ferus-Pedit may be obtained as special cases of this construction. Some classes of surfaces in projective differential geometry whose Gauss-Codazzi equations are associated with tableaux over sl(4,R) are discussed.
description: 16 pages, v3: final version; changes in the exposition
Property rights of landholders in non-captive wildlife and prospects for conservation
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: biodiversity
subject: fugitive resources
subject: open-access
subject: property rights
subject: wildlife conservation

description: In order to reduce the rate of human-induced biodiversity loss of wild species, it has become increasingly important to stem this loss on private and tribal lands and to find effective policies to do this. Some writers believe that granting landholders commercial property rights in wildlife might be effective in dealing with this matter and result in the sustainable use of wildlife. This paper explores this view using economic theory. In doing so, it takes into account the total economic valuation concept. While granting of commercial property rights is found to be effective for conserving some species, it is predicted to be a complete failure as a means of conserving other species. In addition, particular attention is given to the economics of the utilisation and conservation of non-captive fugitive (or mobile) wildlife. The economic theory involved is contrasted and compared with that for the exploitation of open-access resources.
Brachinus (Cnecostolus) geiseri Hrdlicka 2019
Creators: name: Akhil, S. V.
name: Divya, M.
name: Sabu, K. Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Brachinus
Brachinus geiseri

description: Brachinus (Cnecostolus) geiseri Hrdlička, 2019
 Brachinus geiseri Hrdlička, 2019: 80.
 Type locality. India: Pune; coll. P. V. Joshi
 Type depository. BMNH
 Specimen examined. No specimens seen, description summarized from Hrdlička (2019).
 Description. Length: 9.8 mm. Head, pronotum and mandibles rusty red; antennomeres 1–4 yellow, 5–11 yellow brown; elytra black with four yellow spots; legs yellow.
Head longer than wide, frons (anteriorly), neck (entirely) punctuate, sparsely pubescent.
Pronotum longer than wide; apical margin straight with lateral region projecting forward, basal margin sinuate; disc convex, slightly matt, punctated pubescent, laterally with anterior three-fourths convex, posterior fourth divergent; median groove uniformly deep, reaching the apical and basal margins.
Elytral disc matte, punctate, pubescent; base narrowed, apex wide, widest just before apex; humerus with corners rounded; apex without re-entrant angle.
 Distribution. INDIA: Maharashtra: Pune.
 Remarks. This species is close to B. illotus Chaudoir, 1876 among the described Indian Brachinus. Brachinus illotus differs by having a smaller form, elytra having lateral reddish yellow margins, elytral apex straightly truncate, reddish yellow spot near to elytral apex smaller, and flattened pronotal disc. For further description of the species see Hrdlička (2019).
description: Published as part of Akhil, S. V., Divya, M. & Sabu, K. Thomas, 2020, Bombardier beetles of genus Brachinus Weber, 1801 (Carabidae: Brachininae Brachinini) from India, pp. 576-600 in Zootaxa 4816 (4) on page 582, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4816.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/3954685
Energy Storage in Steady States under Cyclic Local Energy Input
Creators: name: Zhang, Yirui
name: Hołyst, Robert
name: Maciołek, Ania
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study periodic steady states of a lattice system under external cyclic energy supply using simulation. We consider different protocols for cyclic energy supply and examine the energy storage. Under the same energy flux, we found that the stored energy depends on the details of the supply, period and amplitude of the supply. Further, we introduce an adiabatic wall as internal constrain into the lattice and examine the stored energy with respect to different positions of the internal constrain. We found that the stored energy for constrained systems are larger than their unconstrained counterpart. We also observe that the system stores more energy through large and rare energy delivery, comparing to small and frequent delivery.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures
Characterisation of the first electronically excited state of protonated acetylene C2H3+ by coincident imaging photoelectron spectroscopy
Creators: name: Garcia, Gustavo A.
name: Jean-Christophe Loison
name: Holzmeier, Fabian
name: Gans, Bérenger
name: Alcaraz, Christian
name: Nahon, Laurent
name: Xiangkun Wu
name: Xiaoguo Zhou
name: Andras Bodi
name: Hemberger, Patrick
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the threshold photoelectron spectroscopy of the vinyl radical encompassing the first triplet excited state of the vinyl cation. The radicals were produced in a flow-tube reactor by hydrogen abstraction of C2H4 and CH4 using fluorine atoms generated in a microwave discharge. Vinyl was ionised with synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet radiation. A double imaging coincidence setup was used to record the threshold photoelectron spectrum. The experimental and simulated spectra show a marked adiabatic transition to the a~+ 3A′′ state with a short vibrational progression dominated by the C = C stretching mode. The adiabatic ionisation energy to this state is measured precisely at 10.747 ± 0.008 eV. In combination with the adiabatic ionisation energy to the X~+ 1A1 state from the Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT), we find a singlet–triplet gap of 2.27 ± 0.01 eV (219 ± 1 kJ mol−1). Calculated ionisation energies and Franck–Condon factors for the singlet A~+ 1A′′ excited state are also given.
Solving the inverse Knudsen problem: gas diffusion in random fibrous media
Creators: name: Szmyt, Wojciech
name: Guerra-Nunez, Carlos
name: Dransfeld, Clemens
name: Utke, Ivo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: About a century ago, Knudsen derived the groundbreaking theory of gas diffusion through straight pipes and holes, which since then found widespread application in innumerable fields of science and inspired the development of vacuum and related coating technologies, from academic research to numerous industrial sectors. Knudsen's theory can be straightforwardly applied to filter membranes with arrays of extended holes for example, however, for the inverse geometry arrangement, which arises when solid nanowires or fibers are arranged into porous interwoven material (like in carpets or brushes) the derivation of an analytical theory framework was still missing. In this paper, we have identified the specific geometric and thermodynamic parameters that determine the gas diffusion kinetics in arrays of randomly oriented cylinders and provide a set of analytical expressions allowing to comprehensively describe the gas transport in such structures. We confirmed analytical solutions by Monte Carlo simulations. We specify our findings for an atomic layer deposition process, the diffusion of trimethyaluminium molecules into a carbon nanotube array, but highlight the applicability of our derivation for other fields comprising gas diffusion membranes, composite materials, fuel cells and more.
description: 33 pages, 16 figures. Revision: Added list of symbols, replaced Figure 1, extended explanation in section 3.1, added practical calculation section 6.2, corrected typos
Wildlife-based recreation and local economic development: The case of the Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage in Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Bandara, Ranjith
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Bandara, Ranjith
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Local Economic Development
subject: Wildlife-based recreation

description: There has been little study of the economic contribution of the wildlife-based outdoor recreation to local economic development in developing countries. This study presents the results from a survey of a sample of shopkeepers/vendors in the vicinity of the Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage (PEO), a unique captive elephant-based recreation facility in Sri Lanka. The aims were to assess the fundamental characteristics of the businesses in this area, their dependency on the PEO, the nature of the backward economic linkages, and their ability to generate employment. We also canvassed opinions of these businessmen about possible improvements to the Orphanage environment and facilities. We find that the businesses established in this area outsource regionally a host of activities. Although some variations exist among the businesses in the sample, the majority depend heavily on the PEO. Most have established significant economic linkages with the local and regional economies. Differences in relation to their ability to generate employment for local people relate to the nature of the activities that the businesses are involved in. Overall, the businesses in the Pinnawala area contribute significantly to the economic development in this area. However, to sustain or expand this impact more attention needs to be paid to the existing visitor and business community concerns. Nevertheless as indicated here, such suggestions must be put in a wider context before decisions are made.
Diffuse neutron scattering in relaxor ferroelectric PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3
Creators: name: Vakhrushev, Sergey
name: Ivanov, Alexandre
name: Kulda, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High energy resolution neutron spin-echo spectroscopy has been used to measure intrinsic width of diffuse scattering discovered earlier in relaxor ferroelectric crystals. The anisotropic and transverse components of the scattering have been observed in different Brillouin zones. Both components are found to be elastic within experimental accuracy of 1 eV. Possible physical origin of the static-like behavior is discussed for each diffuse scattering contribution.
description: Submitted to the "Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics" (Proceedings of the QENA2004)
Forecasting strong aftershocks in earthquake clusters from northeastern Italy and western Slovenia
Creators: name: Gentili, S.
name: Di Giovambattista, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we propose an analysis of the earthquake clusters that occurred in North-Eastern Italy and western Slovenia from 1977 to today. Given a mainshock generating alarm in the population, we are interested in forecasting if a similar magnitude earthquake will follow. We classify the earthquake clusters associated with mainshocks of magnitude Mm into two classes: if the strongest aftershock has a magnitude >=Mm-1 (swarms or large aftershock seismic sequences) as type A, otherwise (smaller aftershocks seismic sequences) as type B. A large aftershock following a main shock can cause significant damages to already weakened buildings and infrastructures, so a timely advisory information to the civil protection is of great interest for effective decision-making. For the first time, we applied to a new catalogue a pattern recognition algorithm for cluster type forecasting that we developed for all Italy (Gentili and Di Giovambattista, 2017). Thanks to the lower completeness magnitude of the local OGS catalogue, compared to the national one, and to a new version of the algorithm, we were able to lower the threshold of the clusters mainshocks magnitude from 4.5 to 3.7. The method has been validated by rigorous statistical tests. We tested the algorithm on the 1976 highly destructive earthquake cluster (mainshock magnitude 6.5 - the strongest in the last 80 years in the region) and we retrospectively forecasted it as an A cluster. Successful results were obtained also on other three smaller earthquake clusters in 2019.
description: 42 pages
Random matrix models for chiral and diquark condensation
Creators: name: Vanderheyden, Benoit
name: Jackson, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider random matrix models for the thermodynamic competition between chiral symmetry breaking and diquark condensation in QCD at finite temperature and finite baryon density. The models produce mean field phase diagrams whose topology depends solely on the global symmetries of the theory. We discuss the block structure of the interactions that is imposed by chiral, spin, and color degrees of freedom and comment on the treatment of density and temperature effects. Extension of the coupling parameters to a larger class of theories allows us to investigate the robustness of the phase topology with respect to variations in the dynamics of the interactions. We briefly study the phase structure as a function of coupling parameters and the number of colors.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, proceedings of the workshop "Three Days of Hadronic Physics", Joint Meeting Heidelberg-Liege-Paris-Rostock, 16/12/2004-18/12/2004, Sol Cress, Spa, Belgium. v2: typographical errors corrected in references
Realistic mobility for MANET simulation
Creators: name: Ray, Suprio
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In order to conduct meaningful performance analysis of routing algorithms in the context of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET), it is essential that the underlying mobility model on which the simulation is based reflects realistic mobility behavior. However, current mobility models for MANET simulation are either unrealistic or are tailor-made for particular scenarios. Furthermore, none of the existing mobility models support heterogeneous mobility behavior among different mobile nodes in the simulation. This thesis introduces GEMM, a tool for generating mobility models that are both realistic and heterogeneous. These models are capable of simulating complex and dynamic mobility patterns representative of real-world situations. The input to GEMM is a set of model descriptions and the output is a mobility scenario that can be used by either the Glomosim or NS2 network simulator. Simulation results are presented using AODV, OLSR and ZRP, three previously published MANET routing algorithms. These results illustrate that mobility-model changes have a significant impact on their performance. The results underscore the importance of using realistic mobility scenarios in MANET simulation and demonstrate the ability of GEMM to generate such mobility scenarios.
High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of naphthalene and acenaphthene dimers
Creators: name: Lemmens, Alexander K.
name: Chopra, Pragya
name: Diksha Garg
name: Steber, Amanda L.
name: Schnell, Melanie
name: Buma, Wybren Jan
name: Rijs, Anouk M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Non-covalent interactions are rapidly gaining interest as they are often crucial in determining the properties of materials, and key to supramolecular chemistry and to biochemistry. Non-covalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) complexes are in particular relevant to astrochemistry and combustion chemistry where they are involved in the initial steps of condensation and soot formation, respectively. Here, we investigated non-covalent π-π stacking and CH-π interactions in naphthalene and acenaphthene clusters using high-resolution IR-UV spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical calculations. We identified spectral shifts that occur upon complexation and thereby evaluated predicted potential energy surfaces. Although theory predicts a blueshift, a redshift is observed for the aliphatic CH-π interactions in the experimental spectrum of acenaphthene upon dimerization, indicating that CH-π interaction indeed affects the aliphatic bonds, while a blueshift is predicted, consequently theory deserves attention here. The results provide strong indications for a prevalent parallel naphthalene dimer, showing that π-π stacking interactions become significant for bicyclic and larger PAHs.
Levy--Brownian motion on finite intervals: Mean first passage time analysis
Creators: name: Dybiec, B.
name: Gudowska-Nowak, E.
name: Hänggi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of the first passage time problem on a finite interval for the generalized Wiener process that is driven by Lévy stable noises. The complexity of the first passage time statistics (mean first passage time, cumulative first passage time distribution) is elucidated together with a discussion of the proper setup of corresponding boundary conditions that correctly yield the statistics of first passages for these non-Gaussian noises. The validity of the method is tested numerically and compared against analytical formulae when the stability index $α$ approaches 2, recovering in this limit the standard results for the Fokker-Planck dynamics driven by Gaussian white noise.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures
Efficient step-merged quantum imaginary time evolution algorithm for quantum chemistry
Creators: name: Gomes, Niladri
name: Zhang, Feng
name: Berthusen, Noah F.
name: Wang, Cai-Zhuang
name: Ho, Kai-Ming
name: Orth, Peter P.
name: Yao, Yongxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a resource efficient step-merged quantum imaginary time evolution approach (smQITE) to solve for the ground state of a Hamiltonian on quantum computers. This heuristic method features a fixed shallow quantum circuit depth along the state evolution path. We use this algorithm to determine binding energy curves of a set of molecules, including H$_2$, H$_4$, H$_6$, LiH, HF, H$_2$O and BeH$_2$, and find highly accurate results. The required quantum resources of smQITE calculations can be further reduced by adopting the circuit form of the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) technique, such as the unitary coupled cluster ansatz. We demonstrate that smQITE achieves a similar computational accuracy as VQE at the same fixed-circuit ansatz, without requiring a generally complicated high-dimensional non-convex optimization. Finally, smQITE calculations are carried out on Rigetti quantum processing units (QPUs), demonstrating that the approach is readily applicable on current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Programmable quantum state discriminator by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Creators: name: Gopinath, T.
name: Das, Ranabir
name: Kumar, Anil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper a programmable quantum state discriminator is implemented by using nuclear magnetic resonance. We use a two qubit spin-1/2 system, one for the data qubit and one for the ancilla (programme) qubit. This device does the unambiguous (error free) discrimination of pair of states of the data qubit that are symmetrically located about a fixed state. The device is used to discriminate both, linearly polarized states and elliptically polarized states. The maximum probability of the successful discrimination is achieved by suitably preparing the ancilla qubit. It is also shown that, the probability of discrimination depends on angle of unitary operator of the protocol and ellipticity of the data qubit state.
description: 22 pages and 9 figures
Willingness to pay for different degrees of Abundance of Elephants
Creators: name: Bandara, Ranjith
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Bandara, Ranjith
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Asian elephant
subject: contingent valuation
subject: Elephant conservation
subject: Sri Lanka
subject: total economic value
subject: willingness to pay

description: This paper presents an application of the contingent valuation method (CVM) to determine how the willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation of Asian elephants varies with hypothetical variations in their population. Results from a CVM survey of a sample of urban residents in Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka are used for this purpose. We find, consistent with the basic principles of consumer demand theory, the marginal change in the respondents’ WTP amounts is positive but appears to diminish in parallel to the increases in the current wild elephant population (CWEP). In contrast to theoretical expectations, however, we find that the WTP for preserving this species increases at an increasing rate in relation to decreases in the CWEP. This is probably because respondents perceive that extinction becomes more imminent as the abundance of the elephant is reduced and therefore it becomes more urgent to act. However, this adds a new complication to the interpretation of the WTP findings.
Beyond the Low Energy Approximation in Braneworld Cosmology
Creators: name: de Rham, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a four-dimensional effective theory for Randall-Sundrum models which allows us to calculate long wavelength adiabatic perturbations in a regime where the $ρ^2$ terms characteristic of braneworld cosmology are significant. This extends previous work employing the moduli space approximation. We extend the treatment of the system to include higher derivative corrections present in the context of braneworld cosmology. The developed formalism allows us to study perturbations beyond the general long wavelength, slow-velocity regime to which the usual moduli approximation is restricted. It enables us to extend the study to a wide range of braneworld cosmology models for which the extra terms play a significant role. As an example we discuss high energy inflation on the brane and analyze the key observational features that distinguish braneworlds from ordinary inflation by considering scalar and tensor perturbations as well as non-gaussianities. We also compare inflation and Cyclic models and study how they can be distinguished in terms of these corrections.
description: 48 pages, no figure. Version published in the Physical Review D
Conflicts over Natural Resources and the Environment: Economics and Security
Creators: name: Wilson, Clevo
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Wilson, Clevo
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Natural Resource Conflict
subject: Shared Natural Resources
subject: Asia
subject: Economic Security

description: None
Self-assembly and entropic effects in pear-shaped colloid systems: I. Shape sensitivity of bilayer phases in colloidal pear-shaped particle systems
Creators: name: Schönhöfer, Philipp W. A.
name: Marechal, Matthieu
name: Cleaver, Douglas J.
name: Schröder-Turk, Gerd E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of particle shape in self-assembly processes is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, particle shape and particle elongation are often considered the most fundamental determinants of soft matter structure formation. On the other hand, structure formation is often highly sensitive to details of shape. Here we address the question of particle shape sensitivity for the self-assembly of hard pear-shaped particles, by studying two models for this system: a) the pear hard Gaussian overlap (PHGO) and b) hard pears of revolution (HPR) model. Hard pear-shaped particles, given by the PHGO model, are known to form a bicontinuous gyroid phase spontaneously. However, this model does not replicate an additive object perfectly and, hence, varies slightly in shape from a "true" pear-shape. Therefore, we investigate in the first part of this series the stability of the gyroid phase in pear-shaped particle systems. We show based on the HPR phase diagram that the gyroid phase does not form in pears with such "true" hard pear-shaped potential. Moreover, we acquire first indications from the HPR and PHGO pair-correlation functions that the formation of the gyroid is probably attributed to the small non-additive properties of the PHGO potential.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures
A velocity map imaging study of multiphoton photodissociation and photoionisation dynamics in niobium oxide, NbO
Creators: name: Köckert, Hansjochen
name: Gentleman, Alexander S.
name: Pickering, Jack
name: Mackenzie, Stuart R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Velocity map imaging has transformed our capabilities in terms of determining photofragmentation and photoionisation thresholds. Here, we present an investigation into the multi-photon dissociation and photoionisation dynamics of niobium monoxide (NbO) probed using velocity-map imaging via the C 4Σ– ← X4Σ– and B 4Π ← X4Σ- transitions. Analysis of the kinetic energy release spectra permits determination of refined values of the dissociation energies for NbO and NbO+ of 60,650 ± 124 and 57,414 ± 124 cm−1, respectively, in good agreement with previous values using other methods. With the same instrument, we have further recorded photoelectron images which exhibit a long progression assigned to the production of the ground state, X3Σ− NbO+ (v+), for which a vibrational constant of 1002 ± 11 cm−1 is determined.
Video S1 from Autocrine inhibition of cell motility can drive epithelial branching morphogenesis in the absence of growth
Creators: name: Rens, Elisabeth G.
name: Zeegers, Mathé T.
name: Iraes Rabbers
name: Szabó, András
name: Merks, Roeland M.H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Simulation of sprouting at convex sites of reversed C geometry as in Figure 2E. Length: 5000 MCS; frame rate: 100 MCS per second.
Survey # 88
Creators: name: Institut Für Demoskopie Allensbach
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Price stability (2); boycotting high prices (1); steel manufacturer and union dispute (3); listening to radio (20); agreeing with Konrad Adenauer's policies (1); Adenauer's illness (4); Adenauer's successor preference (2); Erich Ollenhauer (2); Saar election (3); Russia cooperation (1); North Atlantic Treaty Organization (7); Russian embassy used for espionage (1); Russia or America becoming more powerful (1); condensed milk (16); who cooks in home (1); dough products (9); knowledge of food products (1); quitting party but remaining minister (2); Christian trade union (2); smoking habits (31); hair treatments (2); shaving lotion (3); raising prices and wages (2); union strike (1).
Simply rotating higher dimensional black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory
Creators: name: Konoplya, R. A.
name: Zhidenko, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using perturbative expansion in terms of powers of the rotation parameter $a$ we construct the axisymmetric and asymptotically flat black-hole metric in the $D$-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory. In five-dimensional spacetime we find two solutions to the field equations, describing the asymptotically flat black holes, though only one of them is perturbative in mass, that is, goes over into the Minkowski spacetime when the black-hole mass goes to zero. We obtain the perturbative black-hole solution up to the order $O(αa^3)$ for any $D$, where $α$ is the Gauss-Bonnet coupling, while the $D=5$ solution which is nonperturbative in mass is found in analytic form up to the order $O(αa^7)$. In order to check the convergence of the expansion in $a$ we analyze characteristics of photon orbits in this spacetime and compute frequencies of the photon orbits and radius of the photon sphere.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Non-perturbative improvement of the axial current for dynamical Wilson fermions
Creators: name: Della Morte, Michele
name: Hoffmann, Roland
name: Sommer, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-perturbative determination of the axial current improvement coefficient cA is performed with two flavors of dynamical improved Wilson fermions and plaquette gauge action. The improvement condition is formulated with Schroedinger functional boundary conditions and enforced at constant physical volume. Large sensitivity is obtained by using two different pseudo-scalar states in the PCAC relation. We estimate the resulting correction to F_PS at beta=5.2 to be around 10%.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, JHEP style
The Net Benefit of Saving the Asian Elephant: A Policy and Contingent Valuation Study
Creators: name: Bandara, Ranjith
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Bandara, Ranjith
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Asian elephant
subject: Elephas maximus
subject: Elephant conservation
subject: Willingness to pay
subject: Contingent valuation
subject: Sri Lanka.

description: Reports results from a contingent valuation survey of willingness to pay for the conservation of the Asian elephant of a sample of urban residents living in three selected housing schemes in Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka. Face–to–face surveys were conducted using an interview schedule. A non-linear logit regression model is used to analyse the respondents’ responses for the payment principle questions and to identify the factors that influence their responses. We investigate whether urban residents’ willingness to pay for the conservation of elephants is sufficient to compensate farmers for the damage caused by elephants. We find that the beneficiaries (the urban residents) could compensate losers (the farmers in the areas affected by human–elephant conflict) and be better off than in the absence of elephants in Sri Lanka. Therefore, there is a strong economic case for the conservation of the wild elephant population in Sri Lanka. However, we have insufficient data to determine the optimal level of this elephant population in the Kaldor-Hicks sense. Nevertheless, the current population of elephant in Sri Lanka is Kaldor-Hicks preferable to having none.
Ultraviolet photodissociation of gas-phase transition metal complexes: dicarbonylcyclopentadienyliodoiron(II)
Creators: name: Hansen, Christopher S.
name: Marchetti, Barbara
name: Karsili, Tolga N. V.
name: Ashfold, Michael N. R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology

description: The ultraviolet photodissociation of the prototypical organometallic half-sandwich compound dicarbonylcyclopentadienyliodoiron(II) [η5-CpFe(CO)2I] has been studied in the gas phase across the wavelength range 260 ≤ λ ≤ 310 nm using multi-mass velocity-map ion imaging with photoproducts detected using both resonance enhanced multiphoton and vacuum ultraviolet (λ = 118.2 nm) single photon ionisation methods. Ion images recorded for the atomic iodine and the cyclopentadienyl photoproducts reveal fast, anisotropic components to their recoil velocity distributions. The experimental work is supported by multi-reference (spin–orbit averaged) electronic structure calculations that suffice to illustrate the high electronic state density in such transition metal complexes and provide insights into the rival fragmentation dynamics. The ground state parent molecule has singlet spin multiplicity, but the product energy disposal measured following Fe–Cp bond fission shows the involvement of nominally spin-forbidden transitions. The Fe–I and Fe–Cp bond fissions should both be viewed as homolytic and occurring on excited state potentials that are dissociative in the relevant ligand elimination coordinate.
Brachinus (Brachynolomus) inops Andrewes 1932
Creators: name: Akhil, S. V.
name: Divya, M.
name: Sabu, K. Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Brachinus
Brachinus inops

description: Brachinus (Brachynolomus) inops Andrewes, 1932
Fig. 1b
 Brachinus inops Andrewes, 1932: 142; Hrdlička, 2003: 215; 2017: 477.
 Type locality. India: Uttarakhand: Almora, coll. H. G. Champion.
 Type depository. BMNH.
 Specimens examined (n = 4). Holotype labelled “ Type, ‘ India: W. Almora Du, Almora U. P’, Mar. ’19, coll. H. G. Champion, B.M.1932-27, det. H. E. Andrewes; 2 males, 1 female, labelled “ India: Karanataka: Kolar: Krishnarajapuram, 25.xii.2001, coll. Dr. Raghunathan ”.
 Description. Length 7.0–8.0 mm. Elytra, lateral borders of pronotum, metepisterna, and apical joints of venter black; head, pronotum and legs brownish red with head darker. Microsculpture isodiametric, distinct on elytra, indistinct on pronotum, invisible on head.
Head with frontal fovea subrugose and moderately deep; sides of neck punctated, middle and front of vertex smooth; eyes moderately prominent; apical segment of palpi bluntly pointed; antennae long, slender, extending beyond the middle of elytra.
Pronotum cordate, narrower than head, wider than long, base narrower than apex; disc punctate with lateral sides convex anteriorly, diverging posteriorly; basal and apical angles fairly sharp, basal angle projecting laterally; median groove fine, shallow medially and deeper at extremities; basal fovea moderately deep. Metepisterna length twice the width.
Elytra convex, widest just before apex, longer than wide, highly contracted to base, slightly contracted to apex; humerus straight, corners rounded; apex with a re-entrant angle; pale membranous margin without long seta, having minute pale hairs; striae wide, shallow, without any rows of punctures, intervals moderately convex; disc densely punctate.
 Distribution. INDIA: Uttarakhand: Tanakpur, Haldwani, Ranikhet, West Almora, Kumaon, Haridwar, River Sardah Gorge; Karnataka: Kolar: Krishnarajapuram.
description: Published as part of Akhil, S. V., Divya, M. & Sabu, K. Thomas, 2020, Bombardier beetles of genus Brachinus Weber, 1801 (Carabidae: Brachininae Brachinini) from India, pp. 576-600 in Zootaxa 4816 (4) on page 584, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4816.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/3954685
Economics of Wildlife Tourism
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Wilson, Clevo
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Wilson, Clevo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: economic impacts of wildlife tourism
subject: conservation of resources
subject: economic resource use
subject: contingent valuation

description: After introducing the importance of the topic, we examine the economic impacts of wildlife tourism on income and employment as an indicator of the importance of this form of tourism. While such indicators can be important politically and to particular interest groups, they are shown to be an inadequate guide to the economic use and conservation of resources, including wildlife used in tourism. One reason for this (amongst others) is that total economic value must be taken into account in determining economic resource use and this is shown to be quite important in the case of wildlife species. Empirical procedures, such as use of the travel cost method and stated preference methods (for example, contingent valuation) are outlined and the way in which they can be used for determining the optimal economic allocation of land and other resources for wildlife tourism is explained. Economic implications and limitations of some empirical estimates of the importance of wildlife tourism are discussed. This leads on to a consideration of the purpose and usefulness of using economic instruments to manage wildlife tourism.
Notes on Market Failure and the Paretian (Kaldor-Hicks) Relevance and Irrelevance of Unfavourable Externalities
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Environmental Economics
subject: Pareto
subject: Kaldor-Hicks
subject: Externalities.

description: The following are notes that have been distributed by me over the last few years to students in Environmental Economics at The University of Queensland. They give particular attention to whether externalities are Pareto or Kaldor-Hicks relevant from a policy point of view. Externalities are Kaldor-Hicks or Pareto irrelevant if no change is possible for which gainers could compensate losers. Both absolute and marginal externalities may be Kaldor-Hicks relevant. Infra-marginal negative externalities are often, but not always, Kaldor-Hicks irrelevant. There are at least two cases where such externalities can be relevant. First, the absolute impact of the negative externality may be so great that the source of the externality should be eliminated. Secondly, if the externality arises from production, its nature may depend on the type of production technique adopted. Although for the technique adopted, an infra-marginal negative externality occurs. That is Paretian irrelevant given that choice of this technique is the only available possibility, alternative techniques may actually be available in practice. Some of these may generate even smaller total external effects and be socially preferable. Both cases are outlined and illustrated in these notes. The analysis reveals the dangers of relying on marginalism for deciding on environmental policy. Total (external) effects are often of great social and economic importance and appropriate social choices cannot be made on the basis of marginalism alone.
Distance, magnetic field and kinematics of a filamentary cloud LDN 1157
Creators: name: Sharma, Ekta
name: Maheswar, G.
name: Soam, A.
name: Lee, Changwon
name: Kim, Shinyoung
name: Ghosh, Tuhin
name: Tej, A.
name: Kim, G.
name: Neha, S.
name: Saha, Piyali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LDN 1157, is one of the several clouds situated in the cloud complex, LDN 1147/1158, represents a coma-shaped morphology with a well-collimated bipolar outflow emanating from a Class 0 protostar, LDN 1157-mm. The main goals of this work are (a) to map the inter-cloud magnetic field (ICMF) geometry of the region surrounding LDN 1157 to investigate its relationship with the cloud morphology, with the outflow direction and with the core magnetic field (CMF) geometry inferred from the mm- and sub-mm polarization results from the literature, and (b) to investigate the kinematic structure of the cloud. We carried out R-band polarization observations of the stars projected on the cloud to map the pc-scale magnetic field geometry and made spectroscopic observations of the entire cloud in 12CO, C18O and N2H+ (J=1-0) lines to investigate its kinematic structure. We obtained a distance of 340$\pm$3 pc to the LDN 1147/1158, complex based on the Gaia DR2 parallaxes and proper motion values of the three YSOs associated with the complex. A single filament of $\sim1.2$ pc in length and $\sim0.09$ pc in width is found to run all along the coma-shaped cloud. Based on the relationships between the ICMF, CMF, filament orientations, outflow direction, and the presence of an hour-glass morphology of the magnetic field, it is likely that the magnetic field had played an important role in the star formation process in LDN 1157. Combining the proper motions of the YSOs and the radial velocity of LDN 1147/1158 and another complex LDN 1172/1174 which is situated $\sim2$\dgr~east of it, we found that both the complexes are moving collectively toward the Galactic plane. The filamentary morphology of the east-west segment of LDN 1157 may have formed as a result of mass lost by ablation due to the interaction of the moving cloud with the ambient interstellar medium.
description: 20 pages, Accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics, Abstract has been shortened due to word limit in arxiv
Excited-state dynamics of isolated and (micro)solvated methyl sinapate: the bright and shady sides of a natural sunscreen
Creators: name: Jiayun Fan
name: Roeterdink, Wim
name: Buma, Wybren Jan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The increasing awareness of the adverse effects of exposure to UV radiation in combination with the conclusion that presently employed sunscreen agents are far from optimal has led to the need to develop novel UV filters with improved absorption and stability characteristics. Studies of natural sunscreens can provide fundamental insight into strategies to come to a rational design of such filters. Here, we use high-resolution laser spectroscopic methods to study the spectroscopy and excited-state dynamics of methyl sinapate, a prominent plant sunscreen derivative. We find that our experimental approach based on two-color Resonance Enhanced Two-Photon Ionisation spectroscopy enables us to observe a hitherto not observed decay pathway leading to a long-lived state, albeit with a significantly lower yield than in cinnamates and coumarates. In combination with extended excitation spectra and employing the results of quantum chemical calculations a comprehensive picture is obtained of the internal conversion pathways that are accessible to this compound. Similar high-resolution studies on clusters of methyl sinapate with water show how solvent-solute interactions affect the electronic structure and excited-state decay dynamics of the chromophore.