cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SU(3)$_F$ Analysis for Beauty Baryon Decays
Creators: name: Dery, Avital
name: Ghosh, Mitrajyoti
name: Grossman, Yuval
name: Schacht, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a general SU(3)$_F$ analysis of $b\rightarrow c\bar{c}s(d)$ decays of members of the beauty baryon antitriplet to a member of the light baryon octet and a singlet. Under several reasonable assumptions we found $\left\vert \mathcal{A}(Ξ_b^0\rightarrow ΛS)/ \mathcal{A}(Ξ_b^0\rightarrow Ξ^0 S)\right\vert\approx 1/\sqrt{6}\, \left\vert V_{cb}^* V_{cd} / (V_{cb}^* V_{cs})\right\vert$ and $\left\vert\mathcal{A}(Λ_b\rightarrow Σ^0 S)/\mathcal{A}(Λ_b\rightarrow ΛS)\right\vert \sim 0.02$. These two relations have been recently probed by LHCb for the case of $S=J/ψ$. The former agrees with the measurement, while for the latter our prediction lies close to the upper bound set by LHCb.
description: 28 pages. Additional references and clarifications. Conclusions unchanged
title: Myocardial and Microvascular Physiology in Septic Shock and Response to Volume Expansion Treatment
Creators: name: Obonyo, Nchafatso Gikenyi
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2020

description: Despite being common clinical practice, volume expansion for septic shock resuscitation has been challenged by emerging evidence showing increased case-fatality. I hypothesised that volume expansion treatment in septic shock did not alter cardiac and microvascular physiologic functions. I conducted a systematic review on effects of volume expansion on the microcirculation in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxaemic shock; collaboratively developed of a large animal model of endotoxaemic shock and subsequently conducted a pre-clinical trial on volume expansion using either a fluid bolus or blood transfusion in the model; and finally, a longitudinal clinical observational study on volume resuscitated paediatric septic shock. The main findings were: (a) In the systematic review, 11 studies were included in which I found there were several different models with variations in definitions of endotoxaemic shock, timing of volume expansion resuscitation in relation to induction of endotoxaemia, duration of resuscitation, volume of fluid administered, methods used to assess the microcirculation and overall duration of the models. These differences precluded meta-analysis; (b) in the pre-clinical model, endotoxin infusion led to a reduction in mean arterial pressure, MAP from 85 ± 12.8 to 49 ± 8.0 mmHg (difference in means 36 mmHg; 95%CI 17.5 to 46.5; p<0.001) and fluid bolus treatment was associated with a higher cumulative median (IQR) noradrenaline requirement 68.9mg [19.3-140.0] to maintain a target MAP of 60-65mmHg compared to non-bolus sham 39.6mg [20.3-65.4] or healthy control (10mg [3-20]) (ꭓ2(2df) 11.04; p=0.004); (c) in the clinical observational study, mortality was higher among children presenting with WHO shock and managed with a fluid bolus (WHO guideline) compared to those with non-WHO shock receiving maintenance fluid only (100% versus 12.5%; risk difference, 0.67; 95%CI, 0.36-0.97; p= 0.007). Fluid bolus treatment was associated with elevated levels of circulating atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP and increased vasopressor requirements (pre-clinical study) and mortality outcome (clinical study).
Recent Results of psi(2S) Decays at BES
Creators: name: Mo, XiaoHu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using 14 million psi(2S) data sample collected with BES at BEPC, psi(2S)-> VT, K_long K_short(also J/psi -> K_long K_short), and chi_cJ -> Baryon anti-Baryon decays are measured and compared with theoretical model predications.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Talk given at X. International Conference On Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON'03),Aschaffenburg, Germany,Aug.31 - Sep.6, 2003
Simulium flavifemur Enderlein 1921
Creators: name: Hernández, Luis Miguel
name: Shelley, Anthony John
name: Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna
name: Maia-Herzog, Marilza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium flavifemur

description: As Simulium flavifemur Enderlein   BRAZIL
PINNED
 Brazil [Brasilien]; [Without date.], (von Olferers)— ♀ [LECTOTYPE] (NMHU) [The specimen bears several labels: Pale, blue label handwritten, with locality and collector information; White label “6834”; Orange “TYPUS”; White label in Enderlein’s hand “ Chirostilbia flavifemur Type Enderlein ♀ ” and printed “ Dr. Enderlein det. 19[21]”; White label hand-written in blue pen “ Lectotype Stone 1961”. We have added several other labels: White, round label with purple edge “ LECTOTYPE ”; White label “ Digitally photographed Th. ant.+post., abdomen L.M.Hernández ”; White label “ Simulium pertinax Kollar Hernández & A.J.Shelley 2003–2004”.]
SLIDE
 Same data label as lectotype — 1♀ [PARALECTOTYPE] (NMHU) [We have attached a white BMNH pale blue edged and round label “ Paralectotype ” to this specimen and a white label “ Simulium pertinax Examined L.M.Hernández & A.J.Shelley, 2003–2004. Another label have been added “ Digitally photographed genitalia, head and cibarium L.M.Hernández ”]
description: Published as part of Hernández, Luis Miguel, Shelley, Anthony John, Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna & Maia-Herzog, Marilza, 2008, Carcinoma Folicular de Tiroides concomitante con Hiperparatiroidismo Primario. Caso Clínico, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 1834 on pages 83-84, DOI: 10.34631/sporl.419, http://zenodo.org/record/5127135
title: Constraining the Cooling Rates of Chondrules
Creators: name: Stockdale, Shannon Charles
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2020

description: The evolution of the protoplanetary disk is inferred in large part from chondritic meteorites which contain the oldest Solar System material. A major component of these meteorites are chondrules, small, ~mm, silicate melt droplets. These formed as a result of transient, widespread heating of dust in the protoplanetary disk. The processes that created chondrules remain poorly understood, with many different competing mechanisms proposed. These range from shockwaves in the solar nebula, impacts between planetesimals and interactions with the early Sun. The cooling rates chondrules experienced during their formation are key constraints on chondrule formation mechanisms and can distinguish between models that are consistent with these constraints and those which are not.

 Many type II, FeO-rich porphyritic chondrules contain features called forsteritic-olivine relict grains which originated in the chondrule precursor assemblage and survived the melting event. These grains were able to exchange with the chondrule melt during cooling creating a diffuse boundary. Twelve type II porphyritic chondrules containing forsteritic-olivine grains have been identified and characterised in samples of ALHA 77307 (CO3.00), NWA 8276 (L3.00) and NWA 4910 (L3.1). Fe-Mg compositional profiles have been measured across the grain boundary using calibrated BSE greyscales. These profiles are compared to model diffusion profiles generated using a 1-D explicit finite difference forward modelling program to determine chondrule cooling rates.

 Determined chondrule cooling rates for chondrules range from 5 to 8000 Kh-1, with one chondrule in ALHA 77307 showing evidence for extremely rapid cooling at 50000 Kh-1. Chondrules also often show complex, non-linear cooling histories which are most consistent with formation in planetary embryo bow shocks with shock speeds of 6 to 7 kms-1. This places chondrule formation after the formation of large planetary embryos, suggesting that chondrules are a by-product of planet formation rather than representing an important stage in the planet-building process.
Higgs-Squark-Slepton Inflation from the MSSM
Creators: name: Tavartkiladze, Zurab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inflation within the MSSM is proposed, where the inflaton field is a combination of the Higgs, squark and slepton states. While the inflationary phase is fully governed by the electron Yukawa superpotential coupling, the fields' condensates float along the flat $D$-term trajectory. This predicts the MSSM parameter $\tan β\simeq 13.1$ determined via the value of the curvature perturbation amplitude. The values of the scalar spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio are predicted to be $n_s\simeq 0.966$ and $r=0.00118$. The postinflation reheating of the Universe proceeds by the radiative decay of the inflaton to the two gluons ($ϕ\to gg$) with the reheating temperature $T_r\simeq 1.4\cdot 10^7$ GeV.
description: LaTex, 1 figure
title: Product Family Design Using Product Simulation and Multi-objective Optimization
Creators: name: Zapico, Miguel
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2020

description: This study is concerned with the design of a range of products intended to cover different applications. The prominent example throughout the thesis is that of a family of industrial trucks that need to cater for a wide range of load capacities. That product range is normally built around platforms, i.e. basic sets of components that are common to some or all of the products in the range. With this approach, each product is made up of those common components and additionally other components that are specifically suited for each particular product. The outcome of this thesis is a novel method to assess the possible combinations of common/specific components to build up a product range to cover a predetermined set of user applications and provide the company with a clear view of the trade-off between offering customer appealing products and keeping the costs down. The method uses a combination of mathematical modelling and simulation for estimating the relevant performance attributes of each possible product design, fuzzy logic to reduce the naturally large number of objectives to a manageable one and a multi-objective searching algorithm to find a Pareto set of solutions to provide the decision makers with clear and useful information with which they can take a better decision.
Discrete-Time Quantum Walks on Oriented Graphs
Creators: name: Chagas, Bruno
name: Portugal, Renato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The interest in quantum walks has been steadily increasing during the last two decades. It is still worth to present new forms of quantum walks that might find practical applications and new physical behaviors. In this work, we define discrete-time quantum walks on arbitrary oriented graphs by partitioning a graph into tessellations, which is a collection of disjoint cliques that cover the vertex set. By using the adjacency matrices associated with the tessellations, we define local unitary operators, whose product is the evolution operator of our quantum walk model. We introduce a parameter, called alpha, that quantifies the amount of orientation. We show that the parameter alpha can be tuned in order to increase the amount of quantum walk-based transport on oriented graphs.
description: In Proceedings QSQW 2020, arXiv:2004.01061
MOESM5 of Identification of biomarkers in common chronic lung diseases by co-expression networks and drug-target interactions analysis
Creators: name: Mazaher Maghsoudloo
name: Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
name: Najafi, Ali
name: Masoudi-Nejad, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 5 Selecting the optimal Î² parameter for consensus networks.
Global existence results for nonlinear Schrodinger equations with quadratic potentials
Creators: name: Carles, Remi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q55, 35A05, 35B30, 35B35

description: We prove that no finite time blow up can occur for nonlinear Schroedinger equations with quadratic potentials, provided that the potential has a sufficiently strong repulsive component. This is not obvious in general, since the energy associated to the linear equation is not positive. The proof relies essentially on two arguments: global in time Strichartz estimates, and a refined analysis of the linear equation, which makes it possible to use continuity arguments and to control the nonlinear effects.
description: Some typos fixed, Proposition 1.1 extended. Final version to appear in DCDS
title: Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related Protein (ATR) Maintains Cardiac Tissue Functionality
Creators: name: Giovannetti, Irene
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2022

description: To counteract DNA damage, cells have evolved several mechanisms collectively termed as the DNA damage response (DDR). A key member of DDR signaling in mammalian cells is ATR (Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein), a PIKK kinase that is activated by single-strand DNA lesions in response to replication stress. Severe ATR deficiency owing to hypomorphic germline mutations in ATR causes the Seckel syndrome, a neurodevelopmental and premature aging disorder. Besides its role in the DDR, ATR is activated by a variety of stimuli, including topological, osmotic and mechanical stress and contributes in the maintenance of proper nuclear integrity and membrane tension. Notably, ATR-defective cells exhibit intrinsic nuclear softness and fragility, raising the possibility that cells and tissues constantly undergoing mechanical strain, such as the heart muscle, might be particularly affected by ATR loss. To address this point, we analyzed cardiac muscle tissue from a mouse model of the human ATR Seckel syndrome (ATRS). By functional echocardiography and immunohistochemistry analysis, we showed that ATR Seckel cardiac tissue presents major morphological defects, particularly affecting cardiomyocytes’ nuclei, accompanied by a reduced cardiac functionality. Accumulation of nuclear and DNA damage due to lack of ATR contributes to the mis-localization of cardiomyocyte self-DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and to the consequent activation of inflammatory processes through the STING pathway. In the current study, we show that lack of ATR strongly impacts cardiac tissue structure and function and contributes to development of cardiac inflammation; the insights gained from understanding the interplay between ATR signaling, DNA damage response and inflammation will help in the diagnosis of cardiac diseases in Seckel Syndrome and in the development of therapies to improve one of the pathological consequences of this disorder.
Le radical unipotent du groupe de Galois motivique d'un 1-motif
Creators: name: Bertolin, Cristiana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14A99, 18A99, 11G99

description: Let M be a 1-motive defined over a field of characteristic 0. To M we can associate its motivic Galois group, G_mot(M), which is the geometrical interpretation of the Munford-Tate group of M. We prove that the unipotent radical of the Lie algebra of G_mot(M) is the semi-abelian variety defined by the adjoint action of the semi-simplified of the Lie algebra of G_mot(M) on itself.
description: 24 pages
MOESM2 of Sublingual microcirculation does not reflect red blood cell transfusion thresholds in the intensive care unit—a prospective observational study in the intensive care unit
Creators: name: Scheuzger, Jonas
name: Zehnder, Anna
name: Meier, Vera
name: Yeginsoy, Desirée
name: Flükiger, Julian
name: Siegemund, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Δ TVD (A) and Δ PVD (B) after RBC transfusion in correlation with the pre-transfusion baseline. TVD = total vessel density; RBC = red blood cell; PVD = perfused vessel density.
Simulium (Chirostilbia) spinibranchium Lutz
Creators: name: Hernández, Luis Miguel
name: Shelley, Anthony John
name: Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna
name: Maia-Herzog, Marilza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium spinibranchium

description: Simulium (Chirostilbia) spinibranchium Lutz
 All material listed as S. spinibranchium in Shelley et al. (2000) and Hernández et al. (2007) was examined for this work. Since then the following material have also been examined:
description: Published as part of Hernández, Luis Miguel, Shelley, Anthony John, Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna & Maia-Herzog, Marilza, 2008, Carcinoma Folicular de Tiroides concomitante con Hiperparatiroidismo Primario. Caso Clínico, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 1834 on page 91, DOI: 10.34631/sporl.419, http://zenodo.org/record/5127135
title: Establishing Physics Concept Inventories Using Free-Response Questions
Creators: name: Parker, Mark Alfred Jospeh
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2020

description: Concepts are important building blocks for understanding complicated topics and entire disciplines such as physics. The idea of an inventory of concepts has been proposed as the basis for investigating the readiness of students to develop their understanding. Hestenes et al. introduced concept inventories in physics using the multiple-choice question format. There is interest in using a less-constrained free-response format with computer-automated marking to enable more efficient use of concept inventories. The adaptation of Hestenes’ Force Concept Inventory (FCI) for use with free-response, computer-marked format is the subject of this thesis. This study establishes the Alternative Mechanics Survey (AMS), a free-response computer-marked version of the FCI and validates it for use as an alternative to the multiple-choice FCI. The AMS was subject to validity testing with a pilot group through usability tests followed by semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using Thematic Analysis. This established that the AMS structure involving the free-response format was viable. Classical Test Theory (CTT) was used to test for reliability of the AMS questions. Data from 335 completed attempts were analyzed to generate Kuder-Richardson reliability and Ferguson’s delta statistics which showed the questions to be acceptable. The AMS marking rules were also tested for reliability by calculating Inter-Rater Reliability (IRR) statistics for 8091 question responses. The calculated values of the Cohen’s kappa statistic showed that the marking rules were acceptable. This work has demonstrated validity of the AMS with the free-response format, and the reliability of the specific question set posed together with the reliability of the associated marking rules. To demonstrate the applicability of the approach in another domain, the General Relativity Concept Inventory (GRCI), a new free-response concept inventory covering basic General Relativity concepts has been developed and tested. It is concluded that physics concept inventories can be established using free-response questions.
A Tool for Automatically Suggesting Source-Code Optimizations for Complex GPU Kernels
Creators: name: Taheri, Saeed
name: Qasem, Apan
name: Burtscher, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Future computing systems, from handhelds to supercomputers, will undoubtedly be more parallel and heterogeneous than todays systems to provide more performance and energy efficiency. Thus, GPUs are increasingly being used to accelerate general purpose applications, including applications with data dependent, irregular control flow and memory access patterns. However, the growing complexity, exposed memory hierarchy, incoherence, heterogeneity, and parallelism will make accelerator based systems progressively more difficult to program. In the foreseeable future, the vast majority of programmers will no longer be able to extract additional performance or energy savings from next generation systems be-cause the programming will be too difficult. Automatic performance analysis and optimization recommendation tools have the potential to avert this situation. They embody expert knowledge and make it available to software developers when needed. In this paper, we describe and evaluate such a tool.
ν\barν -Pair Synchrotron Emission in Neutron-Star Matter based on a Relativistic Quantum Approach
Creators: name: Balantekin, Tomoyuki Maruyama A. Baha
name: Cheoun, Myung-Ki
name: Kajino, Toshitaka
name: Mathews, Grant J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the neutrino anti-neutrino pair synchrotron emission from electrons and protons in a relativistic quantum approach. This process occurs only under a strong magnetic field, and it is considered to be one of effective processes for neutron star cooling. In this work we calculate the luminosity of the neutrino anti-neutrino pairs emitted from neutron-star-matter with a magnetic field of about 10^{15} G. We find that the energy loss is much larger than that of the modified Urca process. The neutrino anti-neutrino pair emission processes in strong magnetic fields is expected to contribute significantly to the cooling of the magnetars.
description: 9 pages , 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1707.00384
A simulation study of localization of electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional random dipolar systems
Creators: name: Wang, Ken
name: Ye, Zhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the propagation and scattering of electromagnetic waves by random arrays of dipolar cylinders in a uniform medium. A set of self-consistent equations, incorporating all orders of multiple scattering of the electromagnetic waves, is derived from first principles and then solved numerically for electromagnetic fields. For certain ranges of frequencies, spatially localized electromagnetic waves appear in such a simple but realistic disordered system. Dependence of localization on the frequency, radiation damping, and filling factor is shown. The spatial behavior of the total, coherent and diffusive waves is explored in detailed, and found to be comply with a physical intuitive picture. A phase diagram characterizing localization is presented, in agreement with previous investigations on other systems.
description: 8 page and 10 figures
title: Pastoral Power And The Integration of Migrants: An Exploratory Study Of Discourses And Practices Of Integration Within Italian Refugee Reception Centres
Creators: name: Distinto, Marco
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2020

description: Following the 2014-15 ‘migration crisis’, the European Union and national governments focused their efforts on the efficient management of migrants arriving in large numbers. Accordingly, migrant integration has become a key challenge for EU member states. This research focuses on the Italian context and investigate discourses and practices of integration within Italian refugee reception centres. It examines the organisations supporting migrants’ resettlement and explores the link between how social workers talk about migrant integration (discourse level) and how they ‘do’ integration (practice level). This study draws on a six months ethnographic research, conducted within two Reception Centres of the national refugee protection system (SPRAR), to understand their activities and the power/knowledge relations bonding migrants, social workers and local communities. The data produced consists of field notes and interviews with employees and migrants. Theoretically it adopts a Foucauldian-inspired framework, drawing from concepts of ‘microphysics of power’, ‘governmentality’ and ‘pastoral power’ to analyse the microprocesses of subjectification unfolding within the integration projects. The research addresses the following research questions: By which means are migrants and refugees constituted and constantly reformed as subjects suitable to live in Europe according to the Italian ways of being? How do pressures from the extra-organisational environment affect the discourses of integration and the activities carried out within the refugee reception centres? Finding shows that the SPRAR centres can be seen as pastoral organisations on the threshold between various tensions characterising macro- and micro-politics of integration and inclusion. Integration is promoted through the professionalisation of the pastoral relationship aimed at constituting self-governing migrant subjects. Despite the will to promote multiculturalism, the conflicted relationship between centres and extra-organisational environment pushes employees towards discourses and practices of covert-assimilationism targeting migrants’ everyday life. This thesis extends Foucault’s pastoral power and offers an alternative perspective on integration focused on the micro-processes affecting migrants’ subjectification.
Modulated wavepackets associated with longitudinal dust grain oscillations in a dusty plasma crystal
Creators: name: Kourakis, I.
name: Shukla, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear amplitude modulation of longitudinal dust lattice waves (LDLWs) propagating in a dusty plasma crystal is investigated in a continuum approximation. It is shown that long wavelength LDLWs are modulationally stable, while shorter wavelengths may be unstable. The possibility for the formation and propagation of different envelope localized excitations is discussed. It is shown that the total grain displacement bears a (weak) constant displacement (zeroth harmonic mode), due to the asymmetric form of the nonlinear interaction potential. The existence of asymmetric envelope localized modes is predicted. The types and characteristics of these coherent nonlinear structures are discussed.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Physics of Plasmas
Propagating Fronts in Fluids with Solutal Feedback
Creators: name: Mukherjee, S.
name: Paul, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically study the propagation of reacting fronts in a shallow and horizontal layer of fluid with solutal feedback and in the presence of a thermally driven flow field of counter-rotating convection rolls. We solve the Boussinesq equations along with a reaction-convection-diffusion equation for the concentration field where the products of the nonlinear autocatalytic reaction are less dense than the reactants. For small values of the solutal Rayleigh number the characteristic fluid velocity scales linearly, and the front velocity and mixing length scale quadratically, with increasing solutal Rayleigh number. For small solutal Rayleigh numbers the front geometry is described by a curve that is nearly antisymmetric about the horizontal midplane. For large values of the solutal Rayleigh number the characteristic fluid velocity, the front velocity, and the mixing length exhibit square-root scaling and the front shape collapses onto an asymmetric self-similar curve. In the presence of counter-rotating convection rolls, the mixing length decreases while the front velocity increases. The complexity of the front geometry increases when both the solutal and convective contributions are significant and the dynamics can exhibit chemical oscillations in time for certain parameter values. Lastly, we discuss the spatiotemporal features of the complex fronts that form over a range of solutal and thermal driving.
Theory of the Kagome Lattice Ising Antiferromagnet in Weak Transverse Field
Creators: name: Nikolic, P.
name: Senthil, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum Ising antiferromagnet on the Kagome lattice, with weak transverse field dynamics and other local perturbations. We analytically demonstrate the possibility of a disordered zero-temperature phase that is smoothly connected to the phase at strong transverse fields. This is done by means of an appropriate mapping to a compact U(1) gauge theory on the honeycomb lattice that is coupled to a charge-1 matter field. Our results are consistent with existing Monte-Carlo calculations. The differences with other commonly studied lattices (in which such disordered phases do not obtain at weak transverse fields) is explained. Ordered phases are also shown to be possible in principle in the weak transverse field limit, and are briefly studied.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
title: Opportunities in emerging Islamic financial markets
Creators: name: ASKARI, H.
name: IQBAL, Z.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Islamic banking, Islamic financial markets
subject: G21, G15

description: There are more than one billion Muslims in the world and they account for roughly 5 per cent of the world's GNP. Some people estimate that Islamic banking will be responsible for managing up to 50 per cent of savings in the Islamic world within the next five to ten years. Recent developments in Islamic financial markets, including the participation of Western financial institutions, are surveyed. JEL Codes: G21, G15
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 48, N. 194 (1995)
title: Climatic Impacts and Transport of Martian Atmospheric Dust from Assimilation of Spacecraft Observations
Creators: name: Streeter, Paul
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2020

description: Mars' dust cycle and the radiative-dynamical impacts of atmospheric dust were investigated by assimilating Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) temperature and dust observations into a martian global climate model. Dust plays a key role in Mars' climate by interacting with solar and infrared radiation, thereby modifying atmospheric dynamics and winds, which themselves lift and transport dust. The 2018 Global Dust Storm (GDS) provided an opportunity to investigate how dust affects martian surface temperatures, polar dynamics, and the dust cycle.

 The 2018 GDS was found to warm the martian surface by 0.9 K. The effects were highly spatially heterogeneous, with net warming from enhanced backscattering of surface infrared emission at low thermal inertia regions, while elsewhere blocked incident solar radiation caused net cooling. Comparisons with the 2001 GDS and free-running simulations show that GDS geographical structure is key in determining the surface temperature impact.

 Martian dust lifting and deposition were shown to have a consistent interannual pattern, except during planetary-scale dust storms. Dust lifting patterns correspond to regular dynamical features including baroclinic waves, low-level jets, and CO2 sublimation flow. Regional dust storms affect southern seasonal cap-edge dust lifting by enhancing the meridional circulation, causing increased sublimation. The 2018 GDS increased dust lifting over high-topography regions like Tharsis, but inhibited northern wave-related dust lifting. Southern high-latitude winds were found to be highly sensitive to the precise thermal structure in MCS temperature observations, with direct impacts on dust lifting.

 The 2018 GDS was found to alter the elliptical structure of Mars' polar vortices via the GDS' effect on stationary topographic planetary waves, proving the link between these waves and vortex morphology. Enhanced GDS heating also significantly accelerated the destruction of the southern vortex. These results show the asymmetrical effects of an equinoctial GDS on the polar vortices, which govern tracer transport into polar regions.
MOESM1 of Sublingual microcirculation does not reflect red blood cell transfusion thresholds in the intensive care unit—a prospective observational study in the intensive care unit
Creators: name: Scheuzger, Jonas
name: Zehnder, Anna
name: Meier, Vera
name: Yeginsoy, Desirée
name: Flükiger, Julian
name: Siegemund, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Change in tissue oxygenation over frontotemporal region of brain, after RBC transfusion in patients with impaired microcirculation at baseline (MFI
Internal mode mechanism for collective energy transport in extended systems
Creators: name: Morales-Molina, Luis
name: Quintero, Niurka R.
name: Mertens, Franz G.
name: Sanchez, Angel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study directed energy transport in homogeneous nonlinear extended systems in the presence of homogeneous ac forces and dissipation. We show that the mechanism responsible for unidirectional motion of topological excitations is the coupling of their internal and translation degrees of freedom. Our results lead to a selection rule for the existence of such motion based on resonances that explains earlier symmetry analysis of this phenomenon. The direction of motion is found to depend both on the initial and the relative phases of the two harmonic drivings, even in the presence of noise.
description: Final version, to appear in Physical Review Letters
Understanding parameter differences between analyses employing nested data subsets
Creators: name: Gratton, Steven
name: Challinor, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide an analytical argument for understanding the likely nature of parameter shifts between those coming from an analysis of a dataset and from a subset of that dataset, assuming differences are down to noise and any intrinsic variance alone. This gives us a measure against which we can interpret changes seen in parameters and make judgements about the coherency of the data and the suitability of a model in describing those data.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Counterion Penetration and Effective Electrostatic Interactions in Solutions of Polyelectrolyte Stars and Microgels
Creators: name: Denton, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Counterion distributions and effective electrostatic interactions between spherical macroions in polyelectrolyte solutions are calculated via second-order perturbation (linear response) theory. By modelling the macroions as continuous charge distributions that are permeable to counterions, analytical expressions are obtained for counterion profiles and effective pair interactions in solutions of star-branched and microgel macroions. The counterions are found to penetrate stars more easily than microgels, with important implications for screening of bare macroion interactions. The effective pair interactions are Yukawa in form for separated macroions, but are softly repulsive and bounded for overlapping macroions. A one-body volume energy, which depends on the average macroion concentration, emerges naturally in the theory and contributes to the total free energy.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
title: Microbial Colonisation and Degradation of Plastic Pollution in the Marine Environment
Creators: name: Nawaz, Ahmed
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2020

description: Plastic pollution is ubiquitous in the world’s oceans and is predicted to increase by an order of magnitude by 2025. The environmental impacts of plastic pollution are well documented in terms of its effects on marine animals however, the impact plastic has on the natural physicochemical characteristics of seawater and the microbial composition of the world’s oceans remains largely unknown. In particular, the role that microbial communities play in the early stages of colonisation and decomposition requires more attention. In response to this knowledge gap, both laboratory-based and field work experiments were undertaken in order to gain further insights. A microcosm experiment using natural seawater amended with range of plastics, both synthetic and biodegradable, was carried out to evaluate the impact of these plastics on the marine microbial communities. To complement this, a one-year field exposure trial was undertaken to measure biofilm formation and growth, as well as changes in polymer characteristics resulting from degradation. Finally, a biodegradation study was undertaken to identify bacteria within seawater that may degrade plastic.

 The characterisation of marine bacterial communities revealed major shifts in composition when plastics were introduced into seawater. These microbiological shifts were due to changes in the concentration of dissolved organic carbon, pH and total nitrogen due to the degradation of plastic materials. Furthermore, the long-term field work exposure experiment showed that different plastic substrates selected for distinct colonising communities on their surfaces. The analysis of the biofilm communities revealed the presence of bacteria that could possibly be involved in the degradation of plastics. However, no significant degradation was measured for the in situ tested plastics, suggesting that biofilm formation may have limited degradation. An exploration of plastic degradation using distinct bacterial consortia isolated from seawater resulted in biodegradation (mineralisation) figures of 16, 9 and 7 % for polyvinyl chloride, high-density polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate respectively.

 In summary, results from this thesis suggest that the presence of plastic in seawater affects the microbial community by changing the inherent chemical and biological properties of the water. In addition, plastics were shown to select for distinct colonising communities, which did not contribute to the plastic degradation. However, enriched marine bacterial communities demonstrated biodegradation ability that could be explored further in the future to gain additional insights into underlying biodegradation mechanisms.
Improving anti-tumour efficacy of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin by dual targeting of tumour cells and tumour endothelial cells using anti-p32 CGKRK peptide
Creators: name: Mashreghi, Mohammad
name: Maleki, Mahdi Faal
name: Karimi, Maryam
name: Kalalinia, Fatemeh
name: Badiee, Ali
name: Jaafari, Mahmoud Reza
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: The aim of this study was to surface-functionalize PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) using anti-p32 CGKRK peptide to evaluate its anti-angiogenic and anti-tumour activities. CGKRK was conjugated to DSPE-mPEG2000-maleimide and post-inserted into PLD at 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 peptides per each liposome and characterised for their size, zeta potential, drug loading, release properties; and cell binding, cell uptake and cytotoxicity on three C26, 4T1 and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cell lines. The in vitro results indicated the better efficiency of the PLD-100 (PLD with 100 CGKRK) formulation on 4T1 and HUVEC cell lines. The results of anti-tube formation and spheroid assay indicated the efficiencies of the PLD-100 formulation compared with Caelyx® in vitro. The in vivo studies indicated the higher tumour accumulation of PLD-100 formulation in comparison with Caelyx® which also implied the higher survival rates in mice treated with PLD-100 formulation. Histological evaluations demonstrated that PLD-100 had no side-effects on major organs. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that PLD-CGKRK- could efficiently target endothelial and tumour parenchymal cells which enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PLD and merits further investigation.
title: Sentiment Analysis for the Low-Resourced Latinised Arabic "Arabizi"
Creators: name: Tobaili, Taha
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2020

description: The expansion of digital communication mediums from private mobile messaging into the public through social media presented an opportunity for the data science research and industry to mine the generated big data for artificial information extraction. A popular information extraction task is sentiment analysis, which aims at extracting polarity opinions, positive, negative, or neutral, from the written natural language. This science helped organisations better understand the public’s opinion towards events, news, public figures, and products.

 However, sentiment analysis has advanced for the English language ahead of Arabic. While sentiment analysis for Arabic is developing in the literature of Natural Language Processing (NLP), a popular variety of Arabic, Arabizi, has been overlooked for sentiment analysis advancements.

 Arabizi is an informal transcription of the spoken dialectal Arabic in Latin script used for social texting. It is known to be common among the Arab youth, yet it is overlooked in efforts on Arabic sentiment analysis for its linguistic complexities.

 As to Arabic, Arabizi is rich in inflectional morphology, but also codeswitched with English or French, and distinctively transcribed without adhering to a standard orthography. The rich morphology, inconsistent orthography, and codeswitching challenges are compounded together to have a multiplied effect on the lexical sparsity of the language, where each Arabizi word becomes eligible to be spelled in many ways, that, in addition to the mixing of other languages within the same textual context. The resulting high degree of lexical sparsity defies the very basics of sentiment analysis, classification of positive and negative words. Arabizi is even faced with a severe shortage of data resources that are required to set out any sentiment analysis approach.

 In this thesis, we tackle this gap by conducting research on sentiment analysis for Arabizi. We addressed the sparsity challenge by harvesting Arabizi data from multi-lingual social media text using deep learning to build Arabizi resources for sentiment analysis. We developed six new morphologically and orthographically rich Arabizi sentiment lexicons and set the baseline for Arabizi sentiment analysis on social media.
Absence of Evidence for the Ultimate Regime in Two-Dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard Convection
Creators: name: Doering, C. R.
name: Toppaladoddi, S.
name: Wettlaufer, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work is equivalent to that in {\em Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\bf 123}, 259401 (2019), however, Physical Review Letters prohibited reference to the additional two points in the analysis published by Zhu et al., in {\em Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\bf 123}, 259402 (2019).
description: 1 page, 1 figure
Spin-dependent electron transmission across the corrugated graphene
Creators: name: Pudlak, M.
name: Nazmitdinov, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study various mechanisms of electron transmission across the corrugations in the graphene sheet. The spin dependence of the electron transmission probability in the rippled graphene is found. The electrons mean free path and transmission probabilities are analysed for different distributions of ripples in the graphene sheet as well. We demonstrate that the periodically repeated rippled graphene structure (the superlattice) leads to the suppression of the transmission of the ballistic electrons with one spin orientation in contrast to the other, depending on the direction of the incoming electron flow.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Little cubes and long knots
Creators: name: Budney, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R40 (primary) 57R50; 57M25; 57Q45; 55P35 (secondary)

description: This paper gives a partial description of the homotopy type of K, the space of long knots in 3-dimensional Euclidean space. The primary result is the construction of a homotopy equivalence between K and the free little 2-cubes object over the space of prime knots. In proving the freeness result, a close correspondence is discovered between the Jaco-Shalen-Johannson decomposition of knot complements and the little cubes action on K. Beyond studying long knots in 3-space, we show that for any compact manifold M the space of embeddings of R^n x M in R^n x M with support in I^n x M admits an action of the operad of little (n+1)-cubes. If M=D^k this embedding space is the space of framed long n-knots in R^{n+k}, and the action of the little cubes operad is an enrichment of the monoid structure given by the connected-sum operation.
description: 35 pages, 17 figues. Revision history: V2 corrected mis-statement of a theorem of Hatcher's. V3 corrected statement and proof of the satellite decomposition of knots. V4 notational changes, extra figures, added some detail to proof of the freeness result. V5 formatting changes, references updated. v6 fixed the statement on when the space EC(j,D^n) is a j+1-fold loop space to take into account Haefliger's work