cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Machine learning reveals complex behaviours in optically trapped particles
Creators: name: Lenton, Isaac C. D.
name: Volpe, Giovanni
name: Stilgoe, Alexander B.
name: Nieminen, Timo A.
name: Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since their invention in the 1980s [1], optical tweezers have found a wide range of applications, from biophotonics and mechanobiology to microscopy and optomechanics [2, 3, 4, 5]. Simulations of the motion of microscopic particles held by optical tweezers are often required to explore complex phenomena and to interpret experimental data [6, 7, 8, 9]. For the sake of computational efficiency, these simulations usually model the optical tweezers as an harmonic potential [10, 11]. However, more physically-accurate optical-scattering models [12, 13, 14, 15] are required to accurately model more onerous systems; this is especially true for optical traps generated with complex fields [16, 17, 18, 19]. Although accurate, these models tend to be prohibitively slow for problems with more than one or two degrees of freedom (DoF) [20], which has limited their broad adoption. Here, we demonstrate that machine learning permits one to combine the speed of the harmonic model with the accuracy of optical-scattering models. Specifically, we show that a neural network can be trained to rapidly and accurately predict the optical forces acting on a microscopic particle. We demonstrate the utility of this approach on two phenomena that are prohibitively slow to accurately simulate otherwise: the escape dynamics of swelling microparticles in an optical trap, and the rotation rates of particles in a superposition of beams with opposite orbital angular momenta. Thanks to its high speed and accuracy, this method can greatly enhance the range of phenomena that can be efficiently simulated and studied.
description: 4 figures
Dynamics and Control of Covid-19: Comments by Two Mathematicians
Creators: name: Booss-Bavnbek, Bernhelm
name: Krickeberg, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D25(Primary)92C60, 92D30, 49Mxx (secondary)

description: We are asking: why are the dynamics and control of Covid-19 most interesting for mathematicians and why are mathematicians urgently needed for controlling the pandemic? First we present our comments in a Bottom-up approach, i.e., following the events from their beginning as they evolved through time. They happened differently in different countries, and the main objective of the first part is to compare these evolutions in a few selected countries with each other. The second part of the article is not "country-oriented" but "problem-oriented". From a given problem we go Top-down to its solutions and their applications in concrete situations. We have organized this part by the mathematical methods that play a role in their solution. We give an overview of the main branches of mathematics that play a role and sketch the most frequent applications, emphasising mathematical pattern analysis in laboratory work and statistical-mathematical models in judging the quality of tests; demographic methods in the collection of data; different ways to model the evolution of the pandemic mathematically; and clinical epidemiology in attempts to develop a vaccine.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; written on invitation by "The Newsletter of the European Society of Mathematics (ESM)"
Supplemental material for “Factors associated with clinically meaningful recovery in ICF domains after upper limb task-oriented training in people with stroke.”
Creators: name: Romano, Alberto
name: Di Meo, Anna
name: Ferrarin, Maurizio
name: Thorsen, Rune
name: Cattaneo, Davide
name: Bertoni, Rita
name: Jonsdottir, Johanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420106
subject: Physiotherapy
classificationCode: 420109
subject: Rehabilitation

description: Subgroup sensitivity analysis conducted to assess how changes in the input variables or model assumptions affect the models' output. The dataset was divided into subgroups based on the dichotomous variables not included in the evaluated model. Then, the model was tested on the obtained subgroups, and the directions (sign) of the predictors’ estimated coefficients were compared with those obtained with the entire dataset. Model sensitivity was considered confirmed if the direction of the predictors’ estimated coefficients remained stable in all the sensitivity analysis conditions.
VLBI observations of weak sources using fast frequency switching
Creators: name: Middelberg, E.
name: Roy, A. L
name: Walker, R. C.
name: Falcke, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a new phase referencing technique for high frequency VLBI observations. In conventional phase referencing, one interleaves short scans on a nearby phase calibrator between the target source observations. In fast frequency switching described here, one observes the target source continuously while switching rapidly between the target frequency and a lower reference frequency. We demonstrate that the technique allows phase calibration almost reaching the thermal noise limit and present the first detection of the AGN in the FR I radio galaxy NGC 4261 at 86 GHz. Although point-like, this is the weakest source ever detected with VLBI at this frequency.
description: Accepted by A&A, 14 pages, 12 figures, needs aa.cls, aas_macros.sty and amsmath.sty, replaced due reformatting
CAP reform and its impact on structural change and productivity growth: A cross country analysis
Creators: name: Kazukauskas, Andrius
name: Newman, Carol F.
name: Kazukauskas, Andrius
name: Newman, Carol F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: productivity
subject: semiparametric estimation
subject: farming
subject: decoupling

description: The recent reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) have exposed the European agricultural sector to a new set of constraints and challenges. The decoupling of direct payments from production is expected to make production decisions more market-oriented as farmers move from mainly subsidy revenue maximization objectives toward profit maximizing behaviour. However, ex-post analyses of the productivity of farms have yet to uncover any evidence of a positive effect of the decoupling policy on farm productivity. Using the Irish, Danish and Dutch farm level data, we identify the extent to which both system and product switching after the introduction of decoupling has occurred and to what extent these changes have contributed to productivity growth in the agriculture. We find some evidence that the decoupling policy had positive significant effects on farm productivity but the product switching behaviour associated with the changes in farm decoupling rates have not led to productivity improvements.
Additional file 1 of Defining adequate contact for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an African urban environment
Creators: name: Castellanos, María Eugenia
name: Zalwango, Sarah
name: Kakaire, Robert
name: Ebell, Mark H.
name: Dobbin, Kevin K.
name: Sekandi, Juliet
name: Kiwanuka, Noah
name: Whalen, Christopher C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Social network questionnaire conducted among 120 tuberculosis cases. Table S2. List of variables considered for the Exploratory Factor Analysis. Table S3. List of variables not considered for the Exploratory Factor Analysis. Table S4. Item analysis questionnaire social network form for the social contacts with complete social network data (n = 1154) and the contacts traced in the study that provided demographic data (n = 940). Table S5. Multivariate linear regression models for the association of setting score with characteristics of tuberculosis cases and social contacts. Overall and stratified analysis by household status and sex of contact. Table S6. Multivariate linear regression models for the association of relationship score with characteristics of tuberculosis cases and social contacts. Overall and stratified analysis by household status and sex of contact. Figure S1. Flow diagram of inclusion criteria for variables to be considered for the exploratory factor analysis. Figure S2. Eigenvalues of 13 components extracted during factor analysis. Factors with an eigenvalue ≥1 were retained in the model.
Calvia sichuanica Kovar
Creators: name: POORANI, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Calvia
Calvia sichuanica

description: Calvia sichuanica Kovář
(Fig. 40a)
Calvia sicardi Mader, 1930: 163 [junior homonym]; Ren et al. 2009: 184.
Calvia sichuanica Kovář, 2007: 608 (replacement name); Das et al. 2020a: 196.
Diagnosis. Length: 5.70–6.50 mm; width: 5.30–5.70 mm. Form broadly rounded to oval, dorsum convex and glabrous. Ground colour ochreous yellow to reddish brown, pronotum with two pairs of ochreous or reddish-brown maculae, outer pair elongate oval and lateral, inner pair median and situated one on either side above scutellar shield, rest of pronotum creamy whitish to yellow; elytral pattern as illustrated with ochreous / reddish brown spots having creamy yellow borders that are interlinked to form two longitudinal rows of spots (Fig. 40a). Genitalia not studied.
Distribution. India (Manipur; Nagaland); Myanmar; China.
Notes. Kovář (2007) coined C. sichuanica as a replacement name for Calvia sicardi Mader, 1930 because it was preoccupied by C. sicardi (Nunenmacher, 1912), a name originally described as Agrabia sicardi. Agrabia sicardi Nunenmacher 1912 (described from California, USA) is a preoccupied name and also a synonym of Calvia quatuordecimguttata (L.). Ren et al. (2009) illustrated the habitus and male genitalia (as C. sicardi). Das et al. (2020a) recorded it from Manipur (northeastern India) and Myanmar.
description: Published as part of POORANI, J., 2023, An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 5332 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8261502
Diffusion geometry of multiplex and interdependent systems
Creators: name: Bertagnolli, Giulia
name: De Domenico, Manlio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex networks are characterized by latent geometries induced by their topology or by the dynamics on the top of them. In the latter case, different network-driven processes induce distinct geometric features that can be captured by adequate metrics. Random walks, a proxy for a broad spectrum of processes, from simple contagion to metastable synchronization and consensus, have been recently used in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 168301 (2017)] to define the class of diffusion geometry and pinpoint the functional mesoscale organization of complex networks from a genuine geometric perspective. Here, we firstly extend this class to families of distinct random walk dynamics -- including local and nonlocal information -- on multilayer networks -- a paradigm for biological, neural, social, transportation, biological and financial systems -- overcoming limitations such as the presence of isolated nodes and disconnected components, typical of real-world networks. Secondly, we characterize the multilayer diffusion geometry of synthetic and empirical systems, highlighting the role played by different random search dynamics in shaping the geometric features of the corresponding diffusion manifolds.
Can Globalisation Result in Less Efficient and More Vulnerable Industries?
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Production Economics
subject: globalisation
subject: vulnerability of industries
subject: oligopolistic markets
subject: monopolistic markets

description: Growing economic globalisation (a means of market extension) may increase the economic vulnerability of firms in modern industries, especially those in which firms experience substantial economies of scale. The possibility is explored that globalisation activates competitive pressures that forces firms into a situation where their leverage (fixed costs relative to variable costs, or overhead cost relative to operating costs or capital intensity) rises substantially. Consequently, they become increasingly vulnerable to a sudden adverse change in economic conditions, such as a collapse in the demand for their industry’s product. This is explored for monopolistically competitive markets and also for oligopolistic markets of the type considered and modelled by Sweezy using kinked demand curves. In addition, globalisation is hypothesised to induce firms to become more uniformly efficient. While this has static efficiency advantages, this lack of heterogeneity in productive efficiency of firms can make for economic inefficiency in the adjustment of the industry to altered economic conditions. It is shown that lack of variation in the economic efficiency of firms can impede the speed of market adjustment to new equilibria and may destabilise market equilibria.
Phonons in Random Elastic Media and the Boson Peak
Creators: name: Gurarie, V.
name: Altland, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the density of states of random wave equations, normalized by the square of the frequency, has a peak - sometimes narrow and sometimes broad - in the range of wave vectors between the disorder correlation length and the interatomic spacing. The results of this letter may be relevant for understanding vibrational spectra and light propagation in disordered solids.
Additional file 3 of Distinctions between sex and time in patterns of DNA methylation across puberty
Creators: name: Moore, Sarah Rose
name: Humphreys, Kathryn Leigh
name: Colich, Natalie Lisanne
name: Davis, Elena Goetz
name: Lin, David Tse Shen
name: MacIsaac, Julia Lynn
name: Kobor, Michael Steffen
name: Gotlib, Ian Henry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S3. Correlations of hub probes for blue and turquoise modules from WGCNA analysis of sex-related probes with testosterone at T1 and T2. Correlations with testosterone become stronger at T2 (right) relative to T1 (left). Note. Blue module on top; Turquoiose module on the bottom.
Finding community in community service learning
Creators: name: Newnham, Jodi-Lyn Marie Theresa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Many universities are strengthening their relationships with communities. Universities recognize that they need to work in partnership with communities to address social and economic problems. The University of British Columbia (UBC) is beginning to utilize community service learning (CSL) as one strategy to connect the university to the community while achieving its educational objectives. CSL refers to a student experience that combines community service and learning, and can be either curricular or co-curricular. Often there is an effort to distinguish CSL from traditional student volunteerism by emphasizing the importance of connecting the service to specific learning objectives, such as learning about the societal context or political conditions that necessitate the service through reflection. Documentations of CSL cases have primarily focused on the experience of the student. Some scholars are now beginning to consider how CSL impacts faculty and its relationship to roles and rewards within academia. The broader literature on community-university partnerships addresses how CSL impacts the university as an institution. Yet, in the vast body of literature on CSL, little attention is paid to the community organizations in which the service and learning occurs. To gain some insight into the community experiences and perspectives of CSL, I interviewed representatives of eight community partners of UBC's Learning Exchange Trek Program, a program that organizes CSL for UBC in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside, and three representatives from the Learning Exchange Trek Program. I propose a five-part continuum for conceptualizing community-university partnerships: caution; testing the relationship; situating it within their broader agenda; partnerships between individuals; and organizational mutualism. Overwhelmingly, the community partners expressed the view that it is inadequate for the university to concentrate on teaching specific skills or educating professionals. Instead, they argued that the university has a responsibility to prepare students to contribute to civil society, and believe that the Learning Exchange Trek Program and CSL can facilitate that aspiration by inviting students to care about the Downtown Eastside. Based on what I heard from the interviewees, I suggest that CSL may facilitate future discussion on the role of the state, voluntary sector, and community in providing social services and support in our communities.
Additional file 2 of Distinctions between sex and time in patterns of DNA methylation across puberty
Creators: name: Moore, Sarah Rose
name: Humphreys, Kathryn Leigh
name: Colich, Natalie Lisanne
name: Davis, Elena Goetz
name: Lin, David Tse Shen
name: MacIsaac, Julia Lynn
name: Kobor, Michael Steffen
name: Gotlib, Ian Henry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S2. A) Correlations between sex DNAm modules (‘blue’ and ‘turquoise’) composed of all p value significant probes and DNAm modules composed of all biologically thresholded probes. B) Correlations between time DNAm modules (‘magenta’, ‘yellow’, and ‘brown’; note ‘grey’ represent unassigned sites that do not nest together in a module) composed of all p value significant probes and modules composed of all biologically thresholded probes.
To switch or not to switch -- a machine learning approach for ferroelectricity
Creators: name: Neumayer, Sabine M.
name: Jesse, Stephen
name: Velarde, Gabriel
name: Kholkin, Andrei L.
name: Kravchenko, Ivan
name: Martin, Lane W.
name: Balke, Nina
name: Maksymovych, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of increasingly elaborate experimental techniques in physics, chemistry and materials sciences, measured data are becoming bigger and more complex. The observables are typically a function of several stimuli resulting in multidimensional data sets spanning a range of experimental parameters. As an example, a common approach to study ferroelectric switching is to observe effects of applied electric field, but switching can also be enacted by pressure and is influenced by strain fields, material composition, temperature, time, etc. Moreover, the parameters are usually interdependent, so that their decoupling toward univariate measurements or analysis may not be straightforward. On the other hand, both explicit and hidden parameters provide an opportunity to gain deeper insight into the measured properties, provided there exists a well-defined path to capture and analyze such data. Here, we introduce a new, two-dimensional approach to represent hysteretic response of a material system to applied electric field. Utilizing ferroelectric polarization as a model hysteretic property, we demonstrate how explicit consideration of electromechanical response to two rather than one control voltages enables significantly more transparent and robust interpretation of observed hysteresis, such as differentiating between charge trapping and ferroelectricity. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the new data representation readily fits into a variety of machinelearning methodologies, from unsupervised classification of the origins of hysteretic response via linear clustering algorithms to neural-network-based inference of the sample temperature based on the specific morphology of hysteresis.
Additional file 5 of Metabolite profiling of rhizosphere soil of different allelopathic potential rice accessions
Creators: name: Yingzhe Li
name: Lining Xu
name: Puleng Letuma
name: Lin, Wenxiong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5: Figure S5. The OPLS-DA score of the compounds absorbed by ADS-21 resin from the rhizosphere soils of different allelopathic potential rice accessions. It shows that the predictive parameters of the OPLS-DA model, R2X, R2Y and Q2, were both greater than 0.9, suggesting that the model is excellent and suitable for further analysis of differential metabolites. Note: The numbers 1, 2, and 3 in the figure represent three parallel duplicates of the same sample. PI stands for allelopathic rice PI312227 (PI). PAL for PAL2–1 inhibited transgenic line PR. O for the transgenic line PO of PAL2–1 overexpressed in allelopathic rice PI312227 (PI). Le for non-allelopathic rice Lemont (Le). LOP for the transgenic line LO of PAL2–1 overexpressed in non-allelopathic rice Le. Picture order from top to next: PI-Le, PI-PR, PI-PO, Le-LO, PO-LO.
An Overview of Globalisation and Economic Policy Responses
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: globalisation
subject: exports of goods
subject: telephone
subject: internet users and hosts
subject: media globalisation

description: This is the draft of the introductory chapter of Clem Tisdell (ed.) Globalisation and World Economic Policies. It highlights the varied dimensions of globalisation. Trends in world exports of goods and services as a percentage of global GDP, and world FDI net inflow as a percentage of global GDP are used to indicate trends in economic globalisation. In relation to non-economic measures of globalisation, particular attention is given to variations in international telephone traffic and the number of internet users and hosts. Increasing globalisation of the media is an important feature of recent developments in globalisation, and has significant political, economic and cultural ramifications. These aspects are highlighted. The chapter concludes with an overview of policy responses to globalisation and an indication of divergent views expressed in Globalisation and World Economic Policies.
Changing Abundance of Elephants and Willingness to Pay for their Conservation
Creators: name: Bandara, Ranjith
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Bandara, Ranjith
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Asian elephant
subject: contingent valuation
subject: Sri Lanka
subject: total economic value
subject: wildlife conservation
subject: willingness to pay

description: This paper explores the way in which the stated willingness to pay for the conservation of Asian elephants in Sri Lanka varies with hypothetical variations in their abundance. To do that, it relies on results from a sample of residents of Colombo. The willingness to pay function is found to be unusual. It increases at an increasing rate for hypothetical reductions in the elephant population compared to its current level (a level that makes the Asian elephant endangered) and also increases at a decreasing rate for increases in this population from its current level. Rational explanations are given for this relationship. The relationship is, however, at odds with relationships suggested in some of the literature for total economic value as a function of the abundance of a wildlife species. It is suggested that willingness to pay for conservation of a species rationally includes a strategic element and may not always measure the total economic value of a species. Nevertheless, willingness to pay is still policy relevant in such cases.
A probabilistic mechanism for quark confinement
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Sourav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70S15, 81T13, 81T25, 82B20

description: The confinement of quarks is one of the enduring mysteries of modern physics. There is a longstanding physics heuristic that confinement is a consequence of `unbroken center symmetry'. This article gives mathematical confirmation of this heuristic, by rigorously defining of center symmetry in lattice gauge theories and proving that a theory is confining when center symmetry is unbroken. Furthermore, a sufficient condition for unbroken center symmetry is given: It is shown that if the center of the gauge group is nontrivial, and correlations decay exponentially under arbitrary boundary conditions, then center symmetry does not break.
description: 35 pages, 6 figures. Final version. To appear in Comm. Math. Phys
Punjabi immigrant women’s experiences of breast cancer
Creators: name: Howard, Amanda Fuchsia Star
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: There is a notable absence of women from specific ethnocultural groups, including South Asians, in the published breast cancer research. The breast cancer experiences of Punjabi immigrant women, who represent the most populace group of South Asians in British Columbia, need to be understood in order to provide culturally appropriate cancer care. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the ways Punjabi immigrant women told stories of having breast cancer in order to uncover how they made sense of their experiences. The cultural and social world reflected in women's stories was also considered. This investigation was a secondary analysis of interview data collected for a larger study investigating South Asian women's experiences of self-discovered breast changes. In-depth, open-ended interviews with twelve Punjabi immigrant women who had breast cancer within the last eight years were available for this study. A combination of narrative analysis strategies were used to guide this secondary analysis, focussing on stories the Punjabi women constructed. Four storylines emerged from the analysis reflecting different constructions of experiences of breast cancer. The storylines were: dealing with just another health problem, surviving a family tragedy, living with never-ending fear and suffering, and learning a lesson from God. The minor theme, "being part of a close-knit family," illustrated the collective experience of breast cancer within the family and highlighted the family context as the most pronounced influence on the women's experiences. The detailed storylines suggest that Punjabi women's constructions of breast cancer are influenced by traditional family roles and expectations, spiritual beliefs, perceptions of breast cancer as treatable/untreatable, fears of speaking about breast cancer, and difficulties with translation and communication. These findings provide valuable insights for health care professionals into how culturally appropriate cancer care might address the needs of Punjabi women with breast cancer and their families.
Economic Globalisation: The Process and its Potential, Social, Economic and Environmental Impacts
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: globalisation
subject: GDP
subject: FDI
subject: China
subject: social impacts of globalisation
subject: economic growth

description: After economic globalisation is defined, the factors that have favoured it in recent times are outlined and the process is placed in a historical context. Measures of the recent expansion in economic globalisation are given, such as trends in the proportion of global GDP traded internationally, and the relative size of global FDI. China’s comparative economic openness compared to the rest of the world is discussed. Potential positive and negative economic and social impacts of globalisation are explored, taking into account important economic theories. Particular attention is given to globalisation and the evolutionary dynamics of economic growth by considering the economic ‘catching up’ phase of countries, such as China, and by placing this in a general evolutionary context. The question is also posed of whether economic growth will eventually cease, and whether industrial and social structures could become defective once economic globalisation is well established and enters its mature phase. Economic growth fostered by growing globalisation also raises globally important environmental and natural resource issues of relevance to the sustainability of economic growth and to the fulfilment of human goals. Some of these issues are investigated, taking into account theories that provide an optimistic prognosis, as well as those which warn of dangers and difficulties ahead.
Dynamical Symmetry Breaking and Negative Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Lu, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of Clifford functional integral formalism, we revisit the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio-type dynamical symmetry breaking model and examine the properties of the dynamically generated composite bosons. Given that the model with 4-fermion interactions is nonrenormalizable in the traditional sense, the aim is to gain insight into the divergent integrals without resorting to explicit regularization. We impose a restriction on the linearly divergent primitive integrals, thus resolving the long-standing issue of momentum routing ambiguity associated with fermion-antifermion condensations. The removal of the ambiguity paves the way for the possible calculation of the true ratio of Higgs boson mass to top quark mass in the top condensation model. In this paper, we also investigate the negative vacuum energy resulted from dynamical symmetry breaking and its cosmological implications. In the framework of modified Einstein-Cartan gravity, it is demonstrated that the late-time acceleration is driven by a novel way of embedding the Hubble parameter into the Friedmann equation via an interpolation function, whereas the dynamically generated negative cosmological constant only plays a minor role for the current epoch. Two cosmic scenarios are proposed, with one of which suggesting that the universe may have been evolving from an everlasting coasting state towards the accelerating era characterized by the deceleration parameter approaching -0.5 at low redshift. One inevitable outcome of the modified Friedmannian cosmology is that the directly measured local Hubble parameter should in general be larger than the Hubble parameter calibrated from the conventional Friedmann equation. This Hubble tension becomes more pronounced when the Hubble parameter is comparable or less than a characteristic Hubble scale.
description: 30 pages
Score-based Tests for Explaining Upper-Level Heterogeneity in Linear Mixed Models
Creators: name: Wang, Ting
name: Merkle, Edgar C.
name: Anguera, Joaquin A.
name: Turner, Brandon M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cross-level interactions among fixed effects in linear mixed models (also known as multilevel models) are often complicated by the variances stemming from random effects and residuals. When these variances change across clusters, tests of fixed effects (including cross-level interaction terms) are subject to inflated Type I or Type II error. While the impact of variance change/heterogeneity has been noticed in the literature, few methods have been proposed to detect this heterogeneity in a simple, systematic way. In addition, when heterogeneity among clusters is detected, researchers often wish to know which clusters' variances differed from the others. In this study, we utilize a recently-proposed family of score-based tests to distinguish between cross-level interactions and heterogeneity in variance components, also providing information about specific clusters that exhibit heterogeneity. These score-based tests only require estimation of the null model (when variance homogeneity is assumed to hold), and they have been previously applied to psychometric models. We extend the tests to linear mixed models here, detailing their implementation and performance when the data generating model is known. We also include an empirical example illustrating the tests' use in practice.
An Open-Source 7-Axis, Robotic Platform to Enable Dexterous Procedures within CT Scanners
Creators: name: Schreiber, Dimitri A.
name: Shak, Daniel B.
name: Norbash, Alexander M.
name: Yip, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes the design, manufacture, and performance of a highly dexterous, low-profile, 7 Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) robotic arm for CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy. Direct CT guidance allows physicians to localize tumours quickly; however, needle insertion is still performed by hand. This system is mounted to a fully active gantry superior to the patient's head and teleoperated by a radiologist. Unlike other similar robots, this robot's fully serial-link approach uses a unique combination of belt and cable drives for high-transparency and minimal-backlash, allowing for an expansive working area and numerous approach angles to targets all while maintaining a small in-bore cross-section of less than $16cm^2$. Simulations verified the system's expansive collision free work-space and ability to hit targets across the entire chest, as required for lung cancer biopsy. Targeting error is on average $<1mm$ on a teleoperated accuracy task, illustrating the system's sufficient accuracy to perform biopsy procedures. The system is designed for lung biopsies due to the large working volume that is required for reaching peripheral lung lesions, though, with its large working volume and small in-bore cross-sectional area, the robotic system is effectively a general-purpose CT-compatible manipulation device for percutaneous procedures. Finally, with the considerable development time undertaken in designing a precise and flexible-use system and with the desire to reduce the burden of other researchers in developing algorithms for image-guided surgery, this system provides open-access, and to the best of our knowledge, is the first open-hardware image-guided biopsy robot of its kind.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, final submission to IROS 2019
An Overview and Assessment of The Economics of Leisure
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: leisure
subject: recreation
subject: work-leisure choices
subject: neoclassical economics
subject: welfare
subject: taxation

description: This is a draft of the introductory chapter for The Economics of Leisure which is being published by Edward Elgar Publishing Pty Ltd, Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, Massachusetts, by whom all rights are reserved. It will appear in The International Library of Critical Writings in Economics series, in two volumes. The draft Table of Contents for these volumes are set out in the Appendix to this paper. Feedback is welcome
Classical limit of quantum gravity in an accelerating universe
Creators: name: Schuller, Frederic P.
name: Wohlfarth, Mattias N. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A one-parameter deformation of Einstein?Hilbert gravity with an inverse Riemann curvature term is derived as the classical limit of quantum gravity compatible with an accelerating universe. This result is based on the investigation of semi-classical theories with sectional curvature bounds which are shown not to admit static spherically symmetric black holes if otherwise of phenomenological interest. We discuss the impact on the canonical quantization of gravity, and observe that worldsheet string theory is not affected.
description: 11 pages, no figures
Globalisation and the Economic Future of Small Isolated Nations Particularly in the Pacific
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Production Economics
subject: Pacific Island countries
subject: globalisation
subject: Pacific Rim
subject: labour migration
subject: exports

description: Small countries, such as Pacific islands countries (PICs), vary considerably in the extent and in the ways in which they are linked to the global economy. Particularly within PICs, households and families, and different social groups also differ in their dependence on markets, cash and foreign exchange incomes for their economic welfare. A dualistic economic model is inadequate as a means for specifying the distribution of this dependence. There is a need to analyse the distribution of such dependencies more precisely using, amongst other things, relative frequency distributions. It is hypothesised that increased integration of PICs into the global economy combined with global economic reforms can be expected to result in reduced private investment in many PICs, mainly because of outflows of investible funds from PICs to take advantage of higher economic returns elsewhere. In turn, this is liable to reduce real wages and employment in these countries. At the same time, there are likely to be increasing pressures for emigration from PICs as income differentials between them and higher income countries, such as Pacific Rim countries, grow, and political demands to allow freer international movements of labour are likely to magnify as PICs demand full commitment to the globalisation concept and as various employer groups in higher income countries seek to cope with growing international economic competition brought about by increasing globalisation by importing labour. The possible implications of these trends for the economic development/future of PICs are considered.
Development of gamma insensitive silicon carbide diagnostics to qualify intense thermal and epithermal neutron fields
Creators: name: Planell, O. Sans
name: Costa, M.
name: Durisi, E.
name: Lega, A.
name: Mafucci, E.
name: Menzio, L.
name: Monti, V.
name: Visca, L.
name: Bedogni, R.
name: Treccani, M.
name: Pola, A.
name: Bortot, D.
name: Alikaniotis, K.
name: Giannini, G.
name: Gomez-Ros, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The e_LiBANS project aims at creating accelerator based compact neutron facilities for diverse interdisciplinary applications. After the successful setting up and characterization of a thermal neutron source based on a medical electron LINAC, a similar assembly for epithermal neutrons has been developed. The project is based on an Elekta 18 MV LINAC coupled with a photoconverter-moderator system which deploys the (γ,n) photonuclear reaction to convert a bremsstrahlung photon beam into a neutron field. This communication describes the development of novel diagnostics to qualify the thermal and epithermal neutron fields that have been produced. In particular, a proof of concept for the use of silicon carbide photodiodes as a thermal neutron rate detector is presented.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication to JINST on the 17th April 2020
Calvia sykesii
Creators: name: POORANI, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Calvia
Calvia sykesii

description: Calvia sykesii (Crotch)
(Fig. 42)
Anisocalvia sykesii Crotch, 1874: 146 (Lectotype male, UCCC; Type locality: Assam).
Calvia sykesii: Korschefsky 1932: 529; Booth 1997: 930; Poorani 2002a: 324.
Diagnosis. Length: 6.30–6.54 mm, width: 5.20–5.35 mm. Form elongate, oblong oval, dorsum strongly convex, almost gibbous. Ground colour lime green in live specimens (Fig. 42a–e), dead specimens pale greenish brown / greenish yellow / yellowish with pale reddish-brown markings as follows: pronotum with a median M-shaped brownish red marking; each elytron with an oblique, V-shaped marking near humeral callus and three small reddish-brown spots on disc, roughly forming a triangle. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete. Male genitalia (Fig. 42f–h) as illustrated.
Distribution. India: Northeastern region (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal); Nepal; Bhutan; Mount Everest.
Prey/associated habitat. Predatory on adelgids and other aphids; associated with Pineus sp. (label data); collected from cabbage fields (Kapur, 1963a), and Quercus forest (Canepari, 1997); Taoia indica (Ghosh & Raychaudhuri).
Seasonal occurrence: Collected during February–June, November, December (data labels).
Notes. It is a distinctive species common in the northeastern parts of India and the live adult is very characteristic and lime green in colour and dead specimens are yellowish brown to dull straw yellow. Kapur (1963) commented on its type locality “Dukhun”, which was changed by Korschefsky to “Deccan”. Iablokoff-Khnzorian’s (1982) record from Tamil Nadu in southern India is wrong and most likely to be a case of misidentification or mislabelling.
description: Published as part of POORANI, J., 2023, An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 5332 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8261502
Business Partnerships in a Globalising World: Economic Considerations
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: evolution of economic thought
subject: globalisation
subject: business cooperation
subject: institutional structures

description: Begins by considering how neoclassical and mainstream economists have modelled the business firm and outlines briefly the evolution of economic thought and that of managerial science about institutional structures involving firms, hierarchies, markets and interfirm cooperation. Subsequently, taking into account this thought, it considers whether growing economic globalisation is likely to result in more frequent business cooperation between firms, what types of alliances may be favoured, and why. Both factors favouring increased business cooperation as globalisation proceeds, as well as those that may retard it, are discussed.
Semihard scattering unraveled from collective dynamics at $\sqrt{s}$=17 GeV
Creators: name: Bielcikova, Jana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of elliptic flow ($v_2$) and two-particle azimuthal correlations of charged hadrons and high transverse momentum ($p_T$) pions measured by the CERES experiment in Pb+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s}$~=~17 GeV. Azimuthal anisotropy $v_2$ increases linearly with $p_T$ to a value of 10% at $p_T$~=~1.5 GeV/$c$. Beyond this $p_T$ the slope decreases indicating a possible saturation at high $p_T$. Two-pion azimuthal anisotropies ($p_T>$~1.2 GeV/$c$) exceed $v_2$ by about 60% in semicentral collisions and reveal non-harmonic contributions at close ($Δϕ\approx0$) and back-to-back ($Δϕ\approxπ$) angles that can be attributed to semihard processes. While the close-angle peak remains unchanged, the back-to-back peak is broadened and disappears in central collisions.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, presented at Hot Quarks 2004, July 18-24, 2004, Taos, New Mexico, USA. The proceedings are accepted for publication in Journal of Physics G
Additional file 4 of Metabolite profiling of rhizosphere soil of different allelopathic potential rice accessions
Creators: name: Yingzhe Li
name: Lining Xu
name: Puleng Letuma
name: Lin, Wenxiong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4. Metabolomics analysis was conducted to identify the soil substances in the extracted phase by ADS-8 resin from the rhizosphere soils of different allelopathic potential rice accessions and OPLS-DA evaluation model was established. The OPLS-DA score of the compounds in the absorption phase by ADS-8 resin from the rhizosphere soils of different allelopathic potential rice accessions. Note: The numbers 1, 2, and 3 in the figure represent three parallel duplicates of the same sample. PI stands for allelopathic rice PI312227 (PI). PAL for PAL2–1 inhibited transgenic line PR. O for the transgenic line PO of PAL2–1 overexpressed in allelopathic rice PI312227 (PI). Le for non-allelopathic rice Lemont (Le). LOP for the transgenic line LO of PAL2–1 overexpressed in non-allelopathic rice Le. Picture order from top to next: PI-Le, PI-PR, PI-PO, Le-LO, PO-LO.