Hainanphasma longiacuta Liu, Gu & Wang, 2025, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Liu, Yi-Fan
name: Gu, Jun-Jie
name: Wang, Hai-Jian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Phasmida
Heteropterygidae
Hainanphasma
Hainanphasma longiacuta

description: Hainanphasma longiacuta sp. nov.
Figs 7, 8, 10 A – C
Type material.
Holotype. China • ♀; Hainan Province, Ledong County, Jianfengling National Nature Reserve; 2 Aug. 2023; Yifan Liu leg.; SICAHN 23022. Paratype. China • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; SICAHN 23023 (all deposited in SICAU).
Diagnosis.
In female, scapus with a subapical blunt spine and a central indistinct elevation on outer lateral margin (Fig. 7 C); pro-coronals present as subtriangular lamellae; central coronal carinate (Fig. 7 E); eighth abdominal tergum wider than long (Fig. 7 A); posteromedian crest on ninth abdominal tergum distinctly surpassing posterior margin of anal segment, tapering apically, with apex blunt. (Fig. 7 A, H, I).
In male, supra-antennals distinct, present as blunt spines; supra-occipitals just present as small elevations; pro-coronals elongated and present as slender spines; anterior coronals consisting of a subtriangular lamella and a blunt spine; central coronal robust, with two granules apically (Fig. 8 I); anal segment square in outline, about equal in length to ninth abdominal tergum (Fig. 8 E).
Description.
Female (Fig. 7).
Head. Supra-antennals slightly flattened laterally, larger than supra-occipitals; apices blunt and slightly pointed outwards. Supra-occipitals present as conical spines. Pro-coronals and anterior, central and posterior coronals fused basally and raised. Supra-orbitals absent. Pro-coronals present as subtriangular lamellae, with apices blunt, about as long as supra-antennals. Anterior coronals strongly compressed laterally and lamellate, lower than central coronal. Central coronal carinate. Posterior coronals present as small granules. Lateral coronals indistinct. Eyes brown to black brown, rounded. Postocular carina distinct, reaching posterior margin of head, with an indistinct granule apically. Antennae brown, darker in some segments, slightly shorter than forelegs. Scapus strongly flattened dorsally, longer than pedicellus, with a subapical blunt spine and a central indistinct elevation on outer lateral margin; pedicellus slightly flattened dorsoventrally, carinate laterally, shorter than third segment; third segment cylindrical, shorter than scapus.
Thorax. Pronotum trapezoidal, slightly increasing in width posteriorly, about equal in length to head; anterior margin concave and posterior margin nearly truncate; lateral margins with four dispersed small granules; anterolateral angles rounded and granulose. Transverse sulcus distinct and incurved, not reaching lateral margins. Prozona with two pairs of granules along distinct longitudinal sulcus. Metazona with three pairs of small granules on two longitudinal carinae, along indistinct longitudinal sulcus. Mesonotum almost parallel-sided, with dispersed dark spots of irregular sizes; median longitudinal carina indistinct, bifurcated and thickened posteriorly; anterior margin thickened and incurved; anterolateral angles with a small granule. Mesopleura with five small granules, widened above coxae; widened portion separated by a short transverse sulcus; anterior portion subtriangular, with a small granule anteriorly and a subtriangular elevation medially on outer lateral margin; posterior portion with outer lateral margin undulate. Metanotum rectangular, about 2.5 times as long as median segment; median longitudinal carina distinct, bifurcated posteriorly. Metapleura widened above coxae; widened portion separated by a short oblique sulcus; anterior portion with consecutive three elevations medially on outer lateral margin; posterior portion with a granule medially on outer lateral margin. Mesosternum and metasternum with rounded dark elevations.
Abdomen. Median segment transverse, with anterior and posterior margins nearly truncate. Second tergum parallel-sided, longer than median segment. Third and fourth terga gradually increasing in width. Fourth tergum with two pairs of oblique and short carinae posteriorly. Fifth tergum obliquely ascending, with two distinct trapezoidal tubercles posteromedially; tubercles projecting over posterior margin, covered with small granules; median longitudinal carina distinct, bifurcated and curled posteriorly. Fifth to seventh terga gradually decreased in width. Eighth tergum transverse, wider than long, equal in width to ninth tergum. Ninth tergum wider than anal segment, with a distinct posteromedian crest; crest distinctly surpassing posterior margin of anal segment, tapering apically, with apex blunt; lateral margins with one triangular lamella or three small elevations. Anal segment parallel-sided, obliquely descending, with two granules on oblique longitudinal carinae; dorsal surface covered with dense granules; posterolateral angles elevated and extended; posterior margin with two granules medially. Subgenital plate boat-shaped, with distinct median carina and dense granules of irregular sizes; posterior rim dorsoventrally flattened, notched posteromedially, not reaching posterior margin of anal segment. Cerci flattened, hidden inside the anal segment.
Legs. Profemora slightly curved basally; antero-dorsal carina distinct and undulate; postero-dorsal and ventral carinae indistinct, with indistinct lamellate elevations. Antero-dorsal carina of meso- and metafemora with three to four small lamellae. Postero-dorsal carina of mesofemora with three fin-like lamellae, increasing in size towards the apex. Postero-dorsal carina of metafemora with three fin-like lamellae, median one largest. Antero-ventral and postero-ventral carinae of meso- and metafemora with four to six teeth of irregular sizes, subapical two ones larger and adjacent. Tibiae with carinae, shorter than corresponding femora; ventral carinae indistinct and unarmed. Protibiae with distinct dorsal carinae with three lamellate elevations. Meso- and metatibiae with indistinct dorsal carinae with one to two lamellate elevations anteriorly and medially.
Male (Fig. 8).
Head. Supra-antennals distinctly elongated, blunt and spinose, slightly flattened laterally, pointed outwards. Supra-occipitals indistinct, present as small elevations. Pro-coronals and anterior, central and posterior coronals fused basally and distinctly raised. Pro-coronals distinctly elongated, present as slender spines, with apices pointed. Anterior coronals laterally compressed, consisting of a subtriangular lamella tapering apically and a spine. Central coronal robust, with two granules apically. Posterior and lateral coronals present as small granules. Eyes yellowish brown, rounded. Postocular carina indistinct, with a minute granule apically. Antennae yellowish brown to grayish brown, darker in some segments, shorter than forelegs. Scapus flattened dorsally, longer than pedicellus, with a central elevation and a subapical blunt spine on outer lateral margin; pedicellus subcylindrical, shorter than third segment, laterally carinated; third segment cylindrical, equal in length to scapus.
Thorax. Pronotum rectangular, about equal in length to head; lateral margins undulate; anterior margin concave and posterior margin slightly convex. Transverse sulcus distinct and incurved, not reaching lateral margins. Prozona distinctly elevated centrally, with two pairs of granules; longitudinal sulcus absent. Metazona with two pairs of elevations and a pair of granules posteriorly on two longitudinal carinae, along indistinct longitudinal sulcus. Mesonotum slightly widening towards the posterior, with indistinct median longitudinal carina; anterior margin thickened and broadly concave; anterolateral angles with a small granule; posterior margin truncate, with two small granules medially. Mesopleura widened above coxae; widened portion separated by an indistinct transverse sulcus; anterior portion subtriangular, with a small granule anteriorly on outer lateral margin; posterior portion with outer lateral margin undulate. Metanotum approximately rectangular, about 3 times as long as median segment; median longitudinal carina distinct, with two small granules posteriorly. Metapleura widened above coxae; widened portion separated by an indistinct and oblique sulcus; anterior and posterior portion with a small granule medially on outer lateral margin.
Abdomen. Abdominal terga rough, slightly varying in length. Median segment with anterior margin convex and posterior margin almost truncate. Second tergum longer than wide, slightly narrowing towards the posterior, about 1.3 times as long as median segment. Third to fifth terga equal in length, with indistinct median longitudinal carina and lateral margins broadly concave. Fourth and fifth terga thickened and with a pair of humps posteromedially, posterior one larger. Sixth to seventh terga equal in width, shorter than fifth tergum, with median longitudinal carina and lateral margins broadly concave. Eighth to ninth terga gradually increasing in width. Ninth tergum with distinct median longitudinal carina gradually ascending, present as ridge-like structure posteromedially. Anal segment square in outline, dorsoventrally flattened, notched posteromedially, equal in length to ninth tergum; posterolateral angles rounded. Poculum more or less triangular in lateral view, with numerous granules of irregular sizes; posterior rim flattened dorsoventrally and notched posteromedially; posterolateral angles rounded. Cerci small and flattened, not reaching posterior margin of the anal segment, with apex rounded.
Legs. Profemora slightly curved basally; antero-dorsal carina distinct and undulate; postero-ventral carina with three indistinct elevations. Postero-dorsal carina of mesofemora with two fin-like teeth; postero-dorsal carina of metafemora with three fin-like teeth, median one largest. Antero-dorsal carina of meso- and metafemora indistinct and unarmed. Antero-ventral and postero-ventral carinae of meso- and metafemora with two small teeth subapically, and with two indistinct elevations medially and basally. Tibiae with indistinct carinae except for protibiae, shorter than corresponding femora. Protibiae with distinct dorsal carinae with an indistinct elevation medially. Meso- and metatibiae with indistinct postero-dorsal carina with an indistinct elevation medially.
Eggs (Fig. 10 A – C). Capsule brown to dark brown, with small brownish elevations. Capsule and operculum covered with very sparse, short dark setae and densely punctulate. Micropylar plate trilobate with one anterior expansion and with two posterior expansions; anterior expansion slightly widening towards the capsule; posterior arms laterally directed and faded, not reaching ventral margin. Margin of micropylar plate elevated and widened. Micropylar cup distinct, placed near the posterior end of the micropylar plate. Operculum oval, elevated centrally; outer rim dark, with brownish elevations of irregular shape. Median line dark and indistinctly raised. Ventral margin oblique in lateral view.
Measurements (mm).
Body length: ♀ 51.89, ♂ 41.46; length of head: ♀ 4.55, ♂ 3.05; length of pronotum: ♀ 4.27, ♂ 2.95; length of mesonotum: ♀ 11.29, ♂ 9.24; length of metanotum: ♀ 5.59, ♂ 4.96; length of median segment: ♀ 2.10, ♂ 1.65; length of profemora: ♀ 8.92, ♂ 8.66; length of mesofemora: ♀ 8.67, ♂ 6.73; length of metafemora: ♀ 10.33, ♂ 9.28; length of protibiae: ♀ 7.47, ♂ 7.61; length of mesotibiae: ♀ 6.72, ♂ 6.17; length of metatibiae: ♀ 8.21, ♂ 7.74.
Etymology.
The name is derived from the Latin words longi (long) and acuta (sharpened) and refers to the posteromedian crest on ninth tergum elongated and tapering apically in female.
Distribution.
Known only from the type locality.
description: Published as part of Liu, Yi-Fan, Gu, Jun-Jie & Wang, Hai-Jian, 2025, Genus Hainanphasma Ho, 2013: taxonomic notes and two new species from Hainan in China (Phasmida, Heteropterygidae), pp. 357-378 in ZooKeys 1232 on pages 357-378, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.140688