cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Democratising knowledge and visualising progress: illustrations from Chambers's Encyclopaedia, 1859-1892
Creators: name: Roberto, Rose
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: In the 19th century, the Scottish firm of W. & R. Chambers transformed the publishing model of encyclopaedias from a book aimed at the elite to a tool for mass education. This multidisciplinary study examines the design of the first two editions of Chambers's Encyclopaedia, focusing on their illustrations and the woodblocks used to print them. The business history of the Chambers firm, operating between the 1850s and 1890s, has not been researched before, nor has Chambers's relationship with a transatlantic partner, J.B. Lippincott of Philadelphia, been studied in-depth. Together, both firms produced Cham­bers's Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge far the People (1859-1868) and Chambers's Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge, New Edition (1888-1892). This thesis draws on research methods that include deep reading of printing artefacts and publisher archives, visual content analysis of 7322 images in Chambers's Encyclopaedia, and secondary sources such as historic library catalogue records and historical newspaper articles. Data on other illustrations was compiled from the Penny Cyclopaedia (1833-1843) and the English Cyclopaedia (1854-1862), the eighth (1853-1860) and ninth (1875-1889) editions of Encyclopaedia Britannica, and Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia (1876). Additionally, to ascertain the publisher's marketing claims of high-quality authoritative content, the accuracy of illustrations and the images' usefulness in instructing non-experts was tested by a structured image analysis survey designed by the author, that gathered qualitative information through a selection of the most frequently illustrated subjects. The thesis is organised into Content, Production, and Reception sections, and the study's main findings are: After building a reliable reputation as a publisher of educational works, Chambers embarked on a well-lauded encyclopaedia project. Chambers chose wood-engraved illustrations to communicate complex information, because wood­engravings appealed to mass audiences and the technology behind them was cost-efficient compared with other printing methods of the time. Subject trends and trends in illustra­tion styles evolved through the decades from the 1850s to the 1890s, as did the styles of graphics for displaying information. A formal legal contract was drawn so that both Lip­pincott and Chambers could claim relevant copyright in their respective countries. Finally, evidence is presented that indicates where hundreds of Chambers images were reused in other subsequent British and American publications.
Probing non-Riemannian spacetime geometry
Creators: name: Puetzfeld, Dirk
name: Obukhov, Yuri N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The equations of motion for matter in non-Riemannian spacetimes are derived via a multipole method. It is found that only test bodies with microstructure couple to the non-Riemannian spacetime geometry. Consequently it is impossible to detect spacetime torsion with the satellite experiment Gravity Probe B, contrary to some recent claims in the literature.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, matches published version including the erratum in Phys. Lett. A 373 (2009) 1600
Phase structure of the quartic-cubic generalized two dimensional Yang Mills U(N) on the sphere
Creators: name: Lavaei-Yanesi, L.
name: Khorrami, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large-N behavior of the quartic-cubic generalized two dimensional Yang Mills U(N) on the sphere is investigated, for small cubic couplings. It is shown that single transition at the critical area which is present for the quartic model, is split into two transitions, both of them are third order. the phase diagram of the system for small cubic couplings is obtained.
description: 10 pages
SEISMIC SIGNATURE CLASSIFICATION: SDFA TECHNIQUES FOR DISTINGUISHING EXPLOSIONS FROM EARTHQUAKES
Creators: name: João Pedro, Almeida Rocha
Publisher: name: AYDEN JOURNAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Smoothed Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (SDFA), time series analysis, long-range correlation, scaling exponent, wavelet shrinkage

description: The Smoothed Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (SDFA) method, introduced by Linhares in 2016, offers a valuable tool for characterizing long-range correlations in time series data. Building upon the foundations of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and the wavelet shrinkage procedure, SDFA computes statistical fluctuations measures, denoted as F(l), using varying window lengths (l). By analyzing these measures across different window lengths, SDFA derives a scaling exponent, specifically the slope coefficient obtained through regression analysis of F(l) against ln(l), where l varies within a specific range determined by g(n). Linhares, in a subsequent work in 2016, established an optimal choice for g(n), where g(n) is defined as ⌊(ln(n))⌋ with ⌊⋅⌋ representing the integer part function and n denoting the length of the time series. This abstract explores the fundamental concepts and procedures underlying the SDFA method, highlighting its significance in uncovering long-range correlations in time series data
Thin accretion disks around rotating black holes in $4D$ Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Heydari-Fard, Mohaddese
name: Heydari-Fard, Malihe
name: Sepangi, Hamid Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Kumar and Ghosh have derived Kerr-like rotating black hole solutions in the framework of four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravity and investigated the black hole shadow. Using the steady-state Novikov-Thorne model, we study thin accretion disk processes for such rotating black holes including the energy flux, temperature distribution, emission spectrum, energy conversion efficiency as well as the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit. We also study the effects of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling parameter $α$ on these quantities. The results are compared to slowly rotating relativistic Kerr black holes which show that for a positive Gauss-Bonnet coupling, thin accretion disks around rotating black holes in four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity are hotter and more efficient than that for Kerr black holes with the same rotation parameter $a$, while for a negative coupling they are cooler and less efficient. Thus the accretion disk processes may be considered as tools for testing Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity using astrophysical observations.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, to appear in EPJC
The long-term optical spectral variability of BL Lacertae
Creators: name: Papadakis, I. E.
name: Villata, M.
name: Raiteri, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from a study of the long-term optical spectral variations of BL Lacertae, using the long and well-sampled B and R-band light curves of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) collaboration, binned on time intervals of 1 day. The relation between spectral slope and flux (the spectrum gets bluer as the source flux increases) is well described by a power-law model, although there is significant scatter around the best-fitting model line. To some extent, this is due to the spectral evolution of the source (along well-defined loop-like structures) during low-amplitude events, which are superimposed on the major optical flares, and evolve on time scales of a few days. The "bluer-when-brighter" mild chromatism of the long-term variations of the source can be explained if the flux increases/decreases faster in the B than in the R band. The B and R-band variations are well correlated, with no significant, measurable delays larger than a few days. On the other hand, we find that the spectral variations lead those in the flux light curves by ~ 4 days. Our results can be explained in terms of Doppler factor variations due to changes in the viewing angle of a curved and inhomogeneous emitting jet.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Effect of the kashering process on the safety and quality of meat
Creators: name: Sherman-Wood, Robert Michael
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Food science
subject: Kosher
subject: Meat
subject: Salt

description: The process of making meat kosher, or “kashering,” involves soaking the meat, covering it in salt for at least one hour, and several rinses after. This study evaluates the effect this process has on the survivability and thermal resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Newport on fresh chicken and beef, as well as the effect on quality and acceptability of both meats. The process yielded a minor reduction of both pathogens at ~1 log CFU/g. Surviving Salmonella from kashered chicken displayed an increase in thermal resistance (p<0.05). A sensory analysis panel rated salted chicken and beef higher quality and saltier than not kosher meat (p<0.05). The kashering process did change the color of both meats (p<0.05), attributable to the significant increase in salt content of the meats (p<0.05), but did not affect the texture of the meat (p>0.05).
The Biermann battery driven by a streaming plasma
Creators: name: Ohira, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Biermann battery is a promising generation mechanism of a seed magnetic field in the universe. We propose a new driving mechanism for the Biermann battery in an inhomogeneous plasma with a beam component. An inhomogeneous electron flow induced by the return current can make an electron pressure gradient which is not parallel to the density gradient. As a result, the magnetic field is generated by the Biermann battery. We demonstrate the new generation mechanism of the magnetic field by conducting three-fluid plasma simulations. By this mechanism, the first cosmic rays can generate the seed magnetic field with astrophysical scales at redshift around 20.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Defect production due to quenching through a multicritical point
Creators: name: Divakaran, Uma
name: Mukherjee, Victor
name: Dutta, Amit
name: Sen, Diptiman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the generation of defects when a quantum spin system is quenched through a multicritical point by changing a parameter of the Hamiltonian as $t/τ$, where $τ$ is the characteristic time scale of quenching. We argue that when a quantum system is quenched across a multicritical point, the density of defects ($n$) in the final state is not necessarily given by the Kibble-Zurek scaling form $n \sim 1/τ^{d ν/(z ν+1)}$, where $d$ is the spatial dimension, and $ν$ and $z$ are respectively the correlation length and dynamical exponent associated with the quantum critical point. We propose a generalized scaling form of the defect density given by $n \sim 1/τ^{d/(2z_2)}$, where the exponent $z_2$ determines the behavior of the off-diagonal term of the $2 \times 2$ Landau-Zener matrix at the multicritical point. This scaling is valid not only at a multicritical point but also at an ordinary critical point.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, updated references and added one figure
Optimal Fitting of the Freidberg Solution to In Situ Spacecraft Measurements of Magnetic Clouds
Creators: name: Hu, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report, in detail, an optimization approach for fitting a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic cloud (MC) model to {\em in situ} spacecraft measurements. The model, dubbed the Freidberg solution, encompasses 3D spatial variations in a generally cylindrical geometry, as derived from a linear force-free formulation. The approach involves a least-squares minimization implementation with uncertainty estimates from magnetic field measurements. We present one case study of the MC event on 22 May 2007 to illustrate the method and demonstrate the satisfying result of the minimum reduced $χ^2\lesssim 1$, obtained from the STEREO B (STB) spacecraft measurements. In addition, since the ACE spacecraft at Earth crossed the STB solution domain with an appropriate separation distance, the result from the optimally fitted Freidberg solution along the ACE spacecraft path is compared with the actual measurements of magnetic field components. A correlation coefficient of 0.89 is obtained between the two sets of data.
description: Inquiries to qh0001@uah.edu; submitted to Sol. Phys
title: Computer modelling of early focal adhesion dynamics
Creators: name: Rudge, Jonathan
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: Focal adhesions are plasma membrane-associated protein complexes that connect the cellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix via discrete "focal" points on the plasma membrane. As such they are critical to the movement of cells and therefore of great interest in the study of organismal development, immunity and inflammation, and in cancer metastasis. Therefore it is critical to better understand the structure of focal adhesions and the underlying processes behind their assembly and disassembly, as well as how assembly and disassembly are regulated. Modelling these processes mathematically, using computers, can offer insights not available to other approaches. Here differential equations (both ordinary and partial) are used to model various aspects of focal adhesion dynamics to produce compartmental and spatial models, respectively. By these methods new insights have been derived, unveiling the huge complexity of focal adhesion dynamics, but also pointing to the key factors that principally determine overall rates of focal adhesion assembly and disassembly, as well as levels of individual isoforms. Overall, the key finding of this project is that, for focal adhesion dynamics to occur over a physiologically realistic timescale (typically 5-20 minutes), numbers of focal adhesion-associated proteins must be highly enriched in the immediate vicinity of where such dynamics are taking place. This implies a higher level of organisation in both the plasma membrane and cytosol than is usually assumed in reaction-diffusion models such as this. Only by assuming that concentrations of such proteins are much higher locally than they would be if uniformly distributed throughout these and other relevant cellular compartments, can the required interactions between them occur at a rate consistent with what is observed physiologically. This finding is likely to extend to many other cell-critical behaviours.
Shear viscosity of CFT plasma at finite coupling
Creators: name: Buchel, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence for the universality of the shear viscosity of conformal gauge theory plasmas beyond infinite coupling. We comment of subtleties of computing the shear viscosity in effective models of gauge/gravity correspondence rather than in string theory.
description: 14 pages, v2: PLB version
Energy Balance, Water Balance, and Plant Dynamics of a Sloped, Thin Extensive Green Roof Installed in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States
Creators: name: Tjaden, Scott William
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental science
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Design
subject: Energy Balance
subject: Green Roof
subject: Slope
subject: Solar Decathlon
subject: stormwater retention
subject: Water Balance

description: Vegetated extensive green roofs can reduce peak runoff amounts during rain events. As the desire to install green roofs expands beyond roofs with little slope to those with steeper slopes, often found on residential homes, there is a need to understand how slope affects runoff. WaterShed, the University of Maryland's winning entry in the 2011 U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon competition, is used as an applied research site where studies like the runoff analysis can be completed, while helping to promote and demonstrate environmental sustainability and energy consumption efficiency. Instrumentation installed on the roof will allow high-resolution data analysis, producing hydrographs. The research has related the sloped green roof to different moisture holding capacities throughout the different elevations, resulting in a unique energy balance for the installed green roof.  The thin substrate did not significantly contribute to overall runoff reduction, rather it helped to reduce the overall peak runoff and elongate the runoff lag after a rain event. This living technology's performance over time in a new application to sloped roofs is crucial both to ensure regulatory standards are met and to provide feedback for future improvements to the design and technology itself.
Interaction between a Service Provider and Content Providers and Social Efficiency
Creators: name: ElDelgawy, Ramy
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Contract Theory
subject: Game Theory
subject: Net Neutrality
subject: Task Delegation

description: It is unclear how the introduction of "fast lanes" would affect the evolution of the Internet. While this is with no doubt an important issue, we do not aim to address this question. Instead, in this work we study the interaction between an internet service provider and one or more content providers when such fast lanes are allowed. Each entity is considered a player in a game, and it is assumed that these players are both rational and selfish, i.e., they aim to maximize their own gains. Clearly, their objectives are different, and their bargaining powers may vary. We examine how they may reach an agreement and how their interaction affects the resulting quality-of-service on the fast lanes. To get a better understanding of the kind of contract these entities may be willing to sign we look at two cases:

(i) a monopoly market that has one internet service provider and one content provider and

(ii) one where an extra content provider enters the market.

Our findings show that, in the case of a monopoly market, an efficient contract can be reached in Stackelberg games, which maximizes the aggregate payoff of both the providers. Similarly, when another content provider enters the market, the entity with the strongest bargaining power chooses a contract that maximizes the aggregate payoff of all providers.
Leveraging Porous Silicon Carbide to Create Simultaneously Low Stiffness and High Frequency AFM Microcantilevers
Creators: name: Barkley, Sarice
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Nanotechnology
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology
subject: Nanoscience
subject: AFM
subject: cantilever
subject: HF
subject: porous
subject: probe
subject: SiC

description: Many operative modes of the atomic force microscope (AFM) are optimized by using cantilever probes that have both a low force constant and a high resonance frequency. Due to fabrication limitations, however, this ideal cannot be achieved without resorting to sizes incompatible with standard AFM instrumentation. This project proposes that cantilevers made from electrochemically etched porous silicon carbide (SiC) enjoy reduced force constants without significantly sacrificing frequency or size. The study includes prototype fabrication, as well as parametric experiments on the etching recipe and suggestions to improve the process. Analysis of the mechanical properties of the prototypes proves that introducing porosity to the structure greatly reduces the force constant (porous k = 0.27 bulk k) while only slightly reducing the resonance frequency (porous f0 = 0.86 bulk f0).
title: Aeroelastic investigations of composite blade on floating offshore wind turbine : insights into stress responses on multi-hierarchy blade structures
Creators: name: Deng, ZhongSheng
name: Xiao, Qing
name: Yang, Liu
name: Liu, YuanChuan
name: Wang, Enhao
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2025

description: To improve the blades aeroelastic performance on floating offshore wind turbines, it is essential to analyse the stress conditions and distributions on composite blades. This paper serves as a continuation of the previous work, we examined the impacts of FOWT platform surge periods and amplitudes to the composite blade aeroelastics, with considerations of turbulent effects when solving for the aerodynamic loads. The result shows that a shorter surge period and larger surge amplitude can lead to significant stress increases. The stress concentrations are predominantly observed on the blade substructural shear webs, underscoring the need for local stress inspections. A linear relationship between surge amplitude and local max. stress magnitude is identified, which is helpful for a quick preliminary blade design. The findings contribute to the development of more robust and efficient offshore wind energy systems, providing detailed aeroelastic insights for the blade optimizations in the future works.
Thermal inflation, baryogenesis and axions
Creators: name: Kim, Seongcheol
name: Park, Wan-Il
name: Stewart, Ewan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous paper, we proposed a simple extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model which gives rise to thermal inflation and baryogenesis in a natural and remarkably consistent way. In this paper, we consider the $λ_ϕ= 0$ special case of our model, which is the minimal way to incorporate a Peccei-Quinn symmetry. The axino/flatino becomes the lightest supersymmetric particle with $m_\axino \sim 1$ to $10 \GeV$ and is typically over-produced during the flaton decay. Interestingly though, the dark matter abundance is minimized for $m_\axino \sim 1 \GeV$, $f_a \sim 10^{11}$ to $10^{12} \GeV$ and $|μ| \sim 400 \GeV$ to $2 \TeV$ at an abundance coincident with the observed abundance and with significant amounts of both axions and axinos. Futhermore, for these values the baryon abundance naturally matches the observed abundance.
description: 53 pages, 20 figures. Figures reformatted, minor changes in Section 3, references added
Microtubule dynamics depart from wormlike chain model
Creators: name: Taute, Katja M.
name: Pampaloni, Francesco
name: Frey, Erwin
name: Florin, Ernst-Ludwig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Thermal shape fluctuations of grafted microtubules were studied using high resolution particle tracking of attached fluorescent beads. First mode relaxation times were extracted from the mean square displacement in the transverse coordinate. For microtubules shorter than 10 um, the relaxation times were found to follow an L^2 dependence instead of L^4 as expected from the standard wormlike chain model. This length dependence is shown to result from a complex length dependence of the bending stiffness which can be understood as a result of the molecular architecture of microtubules. For microtubules shorter than 5 um, high drag coefficients indicate contributions from internal friction to the fluctuation dynamics.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Updated content, added reference, corrected typos
Antiforensic techniques deployed by custom developed malware in evading anti-virus detection
Creators: name: Stipovic Ivica
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: malware analysis, malware reverse engineering, anti-virus

description: Both malware and anti-virus detection tools advance in their capabilities–malware’s aim is to evade the detection while anti-virus is to detect the malware. Over time, the detection techniques evolved from simple static signature matching over anti-heuristic analysis to machine learning assisted algorithms. This thesis describes several layers of anti-virus evasion deployed by the malware and conducts the analysis of the evasion success rate. The scientific contribution of this research is in the following techniques the malware used- the new algorithm for identifying the Windows operating system functions, a new custom developed obfuscation and de-obfuscation routine and the usage of USB and sound devices enumeration in the anti-heuristic detection. The new PE mutation engine facilitates the malware’s static signature variation. In the next stage of the assessment, anti-virus engines then test the malware’s evasion capabilities. The locally installed antivirus applications and the two multi-scanner online engines inspect the submitted malware samples. The thesis examines the results and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each evasion technique.
Models of the Muonium to Antimuonium Transition
Creators: name: Fukuyama, Takeshi
name: Mimura, Yukihiro
name: Uesaka, Yuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Muonium is a bound state composed of an antimuon and an electron, and it constitutes a hydrogen-like atom. Because of the absence of the hadronic matter in the bound state, the muonium is a useful probe to explore new physics being free from the hadronic uncertainties. The process of the muonium-to-antimuonium transition is considered to be effective to identify fundamental interactions which relate to the lepton flavor and lepton number violation. New experiments are being planned at J-PARC in Japan and CSNS in China, and it is expected to attract more attention in the near future. In this paper, we will study what kind of model can be verified in the next generation of the muonium-to-antimuonium transition search experiments while escaping the limitations from other experiments. Though the transition probability is strongly suppressed by the lepton flavor conservation in the standard model, it can be much larger by the exchanges of neutral and doubly charged bosons, and by box loop diagrams in new physics beyond the standard model. We study the neutrino models with heavy Majorana neutrinos at TeV scale, a type-II seesaw model, left--right models, and models for radiative neutrino masses such as the Zee-Babu model in particular, in addition to other possible models to induce the sizable transition probability, which can be tested in the forthcoming experiments.
description: 69 pages, 18 figures
Ab initio determination of kinetics for atomic layer deposition modeling
Creators: name: Remmers, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: Materials Science

description: A first principles model is developed to describe the kinetics of atomic layer deposition (ALD) systems.  This model requires no fitting parameters, as it is based on the reaction pathways, structures, and energetics obtained from quantum-chemical studies.  Using transition state theory and partition functions from statistical mechanics, equilibrium constants and reaction rates can be calculated.  Several tools were created in Python to aid in the calculation of these quantities, and this procedure was applied to two systems- zinc oxide deposition from diethyl zinc (DEZ) and water, and alumina deposition from trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and water.  A Gauss-Jordan factorization is used to decompose the system dynamics, and the resulting systems of equations are solved numerically to obtain the temporal concentration profiles of these two deposition systems.
Differential postural effects of plantar-flexor muscles fatigue under normal, altered and improved vestibular and neck somatosensory conditions
Creators: name: Pinsault, Nicolas
name: Vuillerme, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of plantar-flexor muscles fatigue on postural control during quiet standing under normal, altered and improved vestibular and neck somatosensory conditions. To address this objective, young male university students were asked to stand upright as still as possible with their eyes closed in two conditions of No Fatigue and Fatigue of the plantar-flexor muscles. In Experiment 1 (n=15), the postural task was executed in two Neutral head and Head tilted backward postures, recognized to degrade vestibular and neck somatosensory information. In Experiment 2 (n=15), the postural task was executed in two conditions of No tactile and Tactile stimulation of the neck provided by the application of strips of adhesive bandage to the skin over and around the neck. Centre of foot pressure displacements were recorded using a force platform. Results showed that (1) the Fatigue condition yielded increased CoP displacements relative to the No Fatigue condition (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2), (2) this destabilizing effect was more accentuated in the Head tilted backward posture than Neutral head posture (Experiment 1) and (3) this destabilizing effect was less accentuated in the condition of Tactile stimulation than that of No tactile stimulation of the neck (Experiment 2). In the context of the multisensory control of balance, these results suggest an increased reliance on vestibular and neck somatosensory information for controlling posture during quiet standing in condition of altered ankle neuromuscular function.
Casimir operators, abelian subspaces and u-cohomology
Creators: name: Frajria, Pierluigi Moseneder
name: Papi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This survey paper is an exposition of old and recent results of Kostant and al. on the relationships between the exterior algebra of a simple Lie algebra and the action of the Casimir operator on it. Our exposition relies on u-cohomology and it is basically self-contained.
description: Latex file, 11 pages, revised version. To appear in "Rendiconti di Matematica e delle sue Applicazioni"
Scalarization of slowly rotating black holes
Creators: name: Myung, Yun Soo
name: Zou, De-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is interesting to note that most black holes are born very slowly rotating. We investigate scalarization of slowly rotating black holes in the Einstein-scalar-Chern-Simons (EsCS) theory. In the slow rotation approximation, the CS term takes a linear form of rotation parameter $a$ which determines the tachyonic instability. The tachyonic instability for slowly rotating black holes represents the onset of spontaneous scalarization. It is shown that the slowly rotating black holes are unstable against a spherically symmetric scalar-mode perturbation for positive coupling $α$, whereas these black holes are unstable for negative coupling without any $a$-bound.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Rank-based estimation for all-pass time series models
Creators: name: Andrews, Beth
name: Davis, Richard A.
name: Breidt, F. Jay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62M10 (Primary); 62E20, 62F10 (Secondary)

description: An autoregressive-moving average model in which all roots of the autoregressive polynomial are reciprocals of roots of the moving average polynomial and vice versa is called an all-pass time series model. All-pass models are useful for identifying and modeling noncausal and noninvertible autoregressive-moving average processes. We establish asymptotic normality and consistency for rank-based estimators of all-pass model parameters. The estimators are obtained by minimizing the rank-based residual dispersion function given by Jaeckel [Ann. Math. Statist. 43 (1972) 1449--1458]. These estimators can have the same asymptotic efficiency as maximum likelihood estimators and are robust. The behavior of the estimators for finite samples is studied via simulation and rank estimation is used in the deconvolution of a simulated water gun seismogram.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053606000001316 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Lo sguardo sul paesaggio. Una lettura di Nenhum olhar di José Luís Peixoto
Creators: name: Darici, Katiuscia
Publisher: name: Università degli  Studi di Milano
Year: 2015
Subjects: Paesaggio; Alentejo; Finestra; Sguardo; Landscape; Senso del luogo

description: The present article analyses the novel Nenhum olhar by José Luís Peixoto (2000) from the perspective of “spatial turn” theories and “landscape studies”, taking into consideration the importance given to the gaze as a way of representing reality.
description: Altre Modernità, 2015: NUMERO SPECIALE Finestre: sguardi e riflessi, trasparenze e opacità
Nonexpansive maps with surjective displacement
Creators: name: Lins, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 47H09, 47H10, 47H07, Secondary 54D35

description: We investigate necessary and sufficient conditions for a nonexpansive map $f$ on a Banach space $X$ to have surjective displacement, that is, for $f - \mathrm{id}$ to map onto $X$. In particular, we give a computable necessary and sufficient condition when $X$ is a finite dimensional space with a polyhedral norm. We give a similar computable necessary and sufficient condition for a fixed point of a polyhedral norm nonexpansive map to be unique. We also consider applications to nonlinear Perron-Frobenius theory and suggest some additional computable sufficient conditions for surjective displacement and uniqueness of fixed points.
Educar en otros mundos sonoros
Creators: name: Jara López, Jesús Francisco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: educación
música contemporánea
revisión bibliográfica

description: El presente trabajo es una investigación bibliográfica sobre propuestas educativas de música contemporánea desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. Los diferentes lenguajes compositivos creados durante las últimas décadas, junto con las corrientes pedagógicas y de pensamiento en relación al sentido de la educación musical que surgieron a nivel internacional, dieron como resultado un conjunto de propuestas pedagógicas originales y novedosas que, sin embargo, no han trascendido más allá de sí mismas, quedando en la categoría de experimentos. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es recopilar estas propuestas pedagógicas concretas, al tiempo que pretende dar forma a un marco teórico que permita su estudio y análisis posterior. Dicha búsqueda se limita a la zona geográfica de Europa occidental y América.
title: Exploring the role of the learning support assistant: a case study of an English special school
Creators: name: Sae Kang, Hayley
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: While the number of Learning Support Assistants (LSAs) in schools continues to rise, ambiguities persist in relation to their role and function within the teaching profession. Although there has been previous research exploring the nature and purpose of LSAs in mainstream schools, very little is known about LSAs within the context of special schools. This is surprising, especially given the high ratio of LSAs to teachers in such schools and how important they are perceived to be in supporting children’s learning and development. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to address this knowledge gap and explore how the role of the LSA is perceived and experienced within a UK special school. This is a qualitative case study, framed within the interpretivist paradigm. Through questionnaires (n=11), interviews (n=11) and documentary analysis, the perspectives and experiences of LSAs, teachers and senior leaders were explored in relation to the three inter-related concepts of professional identity, continuing professional development, and organisational culture. These data were analysed using established thematic analysis techniques. The findings from this research suggest that there are intricate relationships at play between the LSAs, teachers and senior leaders within the case study school. While LSAs felt that they could begin to develop their professional identities through initial training and clearly articulated roles and responsibilities, the perceived place in which they viewed themselves within the school’s organisational culture poses challenges in the ongoing relationships between senior leaders and the LSAs, creating complex sub-cultures within the institution and offering challenges for on-going CPD provision. In highlighting key implications for professional practice and enabling middle and senior leaders to reflect upon their current approach to on-going CPD opportunities for LSAs, it is claimed that the findings of this study offer a significant contribution to education knowledge.
Hartman-Mycielski functor of non-metrizable compacta
Creators: name: Radul, Taras
name: Repovš, Dušan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54B30; 57N20

description: We investigate some topological properties of a normal functor $H$ introduced earlier by Radul which is a certain functorial compactification of the Hartman-Mycielski construction $HM$. We show that $H$ is open and find the condition when $HX$ is an absolute retract homeomorphic to the Tychonov cube.
Topological Insulators: An in-depth Review of their Use in Modelocked Fiber Lasers
Creators: name: Mondal, Shyamal
name: Ganguly, Rounak
name: Mondal, Krishnakanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological Insulators (TIs) exhibit exciting optical properties, which opens up a new pathway to generate ultrashort pulses from fiber lasers. Layered TIs display distinct saturable absorption property due to excited state absorption, as compared to their bulk structures. Moreover, the electronic structures of the films of TIs depend on the thickness of the films due to the quantum confinement of the electrons. By virtue of this, the nanoparticles of TIs play a key role in all-fiber modelocked laser. By tweaking the crystal structures of TIs, it is possible to generate ultrashort pulses across the visible, near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelengths. Starting from the crystal structures and density of states calculations, how different topological insulators can be fabricated and integrated as an efficient passive saturable absorber in all-fiber modelocked lasers with the capability of producing fundamental to high-harmonic pulse generation are described clearly in this review report. Moreover, this report reviews the current state-of-art of TI-based saturable absorbers and their applications in different regimes of modelocked fiber lasers.
Optimal SMF packing in photonic lanterns: comparing theoretical topology to practical packing arrangements
Creators: name: Davenport, John J.
name: Diab, Momen
name: Madhav, Kalaga
name: Roth, Martin M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic lanterns rely on a close packed arrangement of single mode fibers, which are tapered and fused into one multi-mode core. Topologically optimal circle packing arrangements have been well studied. Using this, we fabricate PLs with 19 and 37 SMFs showing tightly packed, ordered arrangements with packing densities of 95 % and 99 % of theoretically achievable values, with mean adjacent core separations of 1.03 and 1.08 fiber diameters, respectively. We demonstrate that topological circle packing data is a good predictor for optimal PL parameters.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
A Two-Parameter Family of Infinite-Dimensional Diffusions in the Kingman Simplex
Creators: name: Petrov, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J60; 60C05; 92D25

description: The aim of the paper is to introduce a two-parameter family of infinite-dimensional diffusion processes X(alpha,theta) related to Pitman's two-parameter Poisson-Dirichlet distributions PD(alpha,theta). The diffusions X(alpha,theta) are obtained in a scaling limit transition from certain finite Markov chains on partitions of natural numbers. The state space of X(alpha,theta) is an infinite-dimensional simplex called the Kingman simplex. In the special case when parameter alpha vanishes, our finite Markov chains are similar to Moran-type model in population genetics, and our diffusion processes reduce to the infinitely-many-neutral-alleles diffusion model studied by Ethier and Kurtz (1981). Our main results extend those of Ethier and Kurtz to the two-parameter case and are as follows: The Poisson-Dirichlet distribution PD(alpha,theta) is a unique stationary distribution for the corresponding process X(alpha,theta); the process is ergodic and reversible; the spectrum of its generator is explicitly described. The general two-parameter case seems to fall outside the setting of models of population genetics, and our approach differs in some aspects from that of Ethier and Kurtz. We also consider the case of degenerate series of parameters alpha and theta and conclude that the diffusions in finite-dimensional simplexes studied by Ethier and Kurtz (1981) arise as a special case of our two-parameter family of diffusions.
description: LaTex, 20 pages; v2: minor typos fixed, v3: title changed, discussion clarified and improved (conclusions unchanged), added new results about degenerate series of parameters
Analysis of comparative data with hierarchical autocorrelation
Creators: name: Ané, Cécile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The asymptotic behavior of estimates and information criteria in linear models are studied in the context of hierarchically correlated sampling units. The work is motivated by biological data collected on species where autocorrelation is based on the species' genealogical tree. Hierarchical autocorrelation is also found in many other kinds of data, such as from microarray experiments or human languages. Similar correlation also arises in ANOVA models with nested effects. I show that the best linear unbiased estimators are almost surely convergent but may not be consistent for some parameters such as the intercept and lineage effects, in the context of Brownian motion evolution on the genealogical tree. For the purpose of model selection I show that the usual BIC does not provide an appropriate approximation to the posterior probability of a model. To correct for this, an effective sample size is introduced for parameters that are inconsistently estimated. For biological studies, this work implies that tree-aware sampling design is desirable; adding more sampling units may not help ancestral reconstruction and only strong lineage effects may be detected with high power.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOAS173 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Kolkata Restaurant Problem as a generalised El Farol Bar Problem
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Bikas K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Generalisation of the El Farol bar problem to that of many bars here leads to the Kolkata restaurant problem, where the decision to go to any restaurant or not is much simpler (depending on the previous experience of course, as in the El Farol bar problem). This generalised problem can be exactly analysed in some limiting cases discussed here. The fluctuation in the restaurant service can be shown to have precisely an inverse cubic behavior, as widely seen in the stock market fluctuations.
description: 2 column RevTeX4, 4 pages, 3 eps figs; to be published in 'Econophysics of Markets and Business Networks', [Proc. Econophys-Kolkata III], Eds. A. Chatterjee, B. K. Chakrabarti, New Economic Windows Series, Springer, Milan, 2007, pp. 220-227
Derivation of the quantum probability law from minimal non-demolition measurement
Creators: name: Herbut, Fedor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One more derivation of the quantum probability rule is presented in order to shed more light on the versatile aspects of this fundamental law. It is shown that the change of state in minimal quantum non-demolition measurement, also known as ideal measurement, implies the probability law in a simple way. Namely, the very requirement of minimal change of state, put in proper mathematical form, gives the well known Lueders formula, which contains the probability rule.
description: 8 pages
Few qubit atom-light interfaces with collective encoding
Creators: name: Pedersen, Line Hjortshoj
name: Molmer, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Samples with few hundred atoms within a few micrometer sized region of space are large enough to provide efficient cooperative absorption and emission of light, and small enough to ensure strong dipole-dipole interactions when atoms are excited into high-lying Rydberg states. Based on a recently proposed collective encoding scheme, we propose to build few-qubit quantum registers in such samples. The registers can store and transmit quantum information in the form of single photons, and they can employ entanglement pumping protocols to perform ideally in networks for scalable quantum computing and long distance quantum communication.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; atomic decay rate corrected in text and in Fig. 1