cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A coherent spin-photon interface with waveguide induced cycling transitions
Creators: name: Appel, Martin Hayhurst
name: Tiranov, Alexey
name: Javadi, Alisa
name: Löbl, Matthias Christian
name: Wang, Ying
name: Scholz, Sven
name: Wieck, Andreas Dirk
name: Ludwig, Arne
name: Warburton, Richard John
name: Lodahl, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid-state quantum dots are promising candidates for efficient light-matter interfaces connecting internal spin degrees of freedom to the states of emitted photons. However, selection rules prevent the combination of efficient spin control and optical cyclicity in this platform. By utilizing a photonic crystal waveguide we here experimentally demonstrate optical cyclicity up to $\approx15$ through photonic state engineering while achieving high fidelity spin initialization and coherent optical spin control. These capabilities pave the way towards scalable multi-photon entanglement generation and on-chip spin-photon gates.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Joint description of weak radiative and nonleptonic hyperon decays in broken SU(3)
Creators: name: Zenczykowski, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a joint description of weak radiative (WR) and nonleptonic (NL) hyperon decays (HD) in broken SU(3). The two groups of decays are linked via $SU(2)_W$ spin symmetry and vector meson dominance (VMD). We use experimental information on the parity-conserving (p.c.) NLHD amplitudes to fix the corresponding WRHD amplitudes. With the latter known, the data on the WRHD branching ratios and asymmetries permit us to determine the parity-violating (p.v.) WRHD amplitudes in terms of two parameters corresponding to the two-quark and single-quark transitions. We obtain a good description of the data, and in particular a large $Σ^+ \to p γ$ asymmetry. Then, using the $SU(2)_W$+VMD route we determine the non-soft-meson correction term in the p.v. NLHD amplitudes. The latter is shown to subtract a substantial amount from the current-algebra commutator thus leading towards the resolution of the S:P discrepancy in NLHD.
description: 26 pages
Sea ranching and aspects of the common law : a proposal for a legislative framework
Creators: name: Walrut, Bernard Phillip
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The growth of world aquaculture has encouraged increased attention to methods that may be used to continue that growth and expansion. One such method is sea ranching. Most discussions of sea ranching recognise the difficulty of undertaking that activity unless there is certainty about sea ranchers' legal rights. There are also a number of environmental and ecological considerations. This thesis considers briefly the initial adoption by the English common law of the Roman law principles applicable to the proprietorship of animals. It explores the development of those principles from the time of their possible adoption by Bracton in 1250 to the modem day. It then seeks to draw on the more modem decisions to refashion the commonly presented test as to which animals may be the subject of absolute property interests. It asserts that the distinction is not species based, but population based. A further assertion is that a population may be those animals that have had a long association with humans, or those that are exploited by humans in a recognised manner, other than by hunting. This thesis then applies those principles to five populations of teleost fish (Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, common carp, channel catfish and snapper). It concludes that Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout are likely to be regarded as the subject of absolute property in a number of the communities considered and that channel catfish is likely to be similarly regarded in a number of the states of the United States. The thesis considers the right of the sea rancher to use the sea at common law. It asserts that, subject to legislative restraint, the sea rancher is entitled to use the territorial sea and the waters beyond that for sea ranching, either on the basis that there is no title in the Crown to the soil of the sea within territorial waters and definitely not outside of that, or to the extent that there may be title in the Crown the passage of fish through those waters does not infringe the rights of the Crown. A number of the environmental, economic and social interests may be adversely affected by sea ranching are discussed. These include fish health, spread of disease, impact on the natural gene pool, carrying capacity of the sea and the difficulties likely to be encountered in the management of such populations. Finally, some of the advantages of sea ranching are highlighted. The thesis concludes by providing a legislative framework for sea ranching. It does so by requiring potential sea ranchers to be licensed by the state, licensing that is only to occur when the state is satisfied, using the precautionary approach recommended by FAO, that such licences should be issued. The framework recognises the rights of sea ranchers to their released fish, their right to recapture them to the exclusion of other commercial interests and to use the sea. It, however, permits those fish to be taken by recreational fishers.
Partial and Complete Observables for Canonical General Relativity
Creators: name: Dittrich, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we will consider the concepts of partial and complete observables for canonical general relativity. These concepts provide a method to calculate Dirac observables. The central result of this work is that one can compute Dirac observables for general relativity by dealing with just one constraint. For this we have to introduce spatial diffeomorphism invariant Hamiltonian constraints. It will turn out that these can be made to be Abelian. Furthermore the methods outlined here provide a connection between observables in the space--time picture, i.e. quantities invariant under space--time diffeomorphisms, and Dirac observables in the canonical picture.
description: 33 pages
PRODUCTION STRUCTURE AND TRENDS IN THE U.S. MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES
Creators: name: Morrison Paul, Catherine J.
name: Morrison Paul, Catherine J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Production Economics

description: The U.S. meat products industries have experienced increasing consolidation. It has been speculated that this has resulted from cost economies, perhaps associated with technical change or trade factors. It has also been asserted that increased concentration in these industries may be allowing the exploitation of market power in the input (livestock) and output (meat product) industries. These issues are addressed for the four digit SIC meat and poultry industries. Findings show that the beef and pork products industries tend to have similar structures, which differ from the poultry industries. None of the industries, however appear to have exhibited excessive market power, particularly when scale economies (diseconomies), and resulting reductions (increases) in marginal cost from output expansion, are taken into account. Also, technical change and trade (especially export market) trend impacts seem overall to have contributed to cost efficiency.
P. Petitmengin u.a., Pélagie la Pénitente. Métamorphoses d'une légende. Tome I, Paris 1981
Creators: name: Assfalg, Julius
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 66 (1982): Oriens christianus, Band 66
Dilaton Domain Walls and Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Sonner, Julian
name: Townsend, Paul K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Domain wall solutions of $d$-dimensional gravity coupled to a dilaton field $σ$ with an exponential potential $Λe^{-λσ}$ are shown to be governed by an autonomous dynamical system, with a transcritical bifurcation as a function of the parameter $λ$ when $Λ<0$. All phase-plane trajectories are found exactly for $λ=0$, including separatrices corresponding to walls that interpolate between $adS_d$ and $adS_{d-1} \times\bR$, and the exact solution is found for $d=3$. Janus-type solutions are interpreted as marginal bound states of these ``separatrix walls''. All flat domain wall solutions, which are given exactly for any $λ$, are shown to be supersymmetric for some superpotential $W$, determined by the solution.
description: 30 pp, 11 figs, significant revision of original. Minor additional corrections in version to appear in journal
ECONOMIC FACTORS DETERMINING CHANGES IN DRESSED WEIGHTS OF LIVE CATTLE AND HOGS
Creators: name: Marsh, John M.
name: Marsh, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Livestock dressed weights have experienced significant trends and volatility which affect wholesale production of red meats. An econometric model was used to estimate the impact of relative prices and technology on cattle and hog average dressed weights. For fed steers and heifers, the economic incentives affecting placement weights and weight added in feedlots were considered. Results indicate quarterly dressed weights of steers and heifers respond to contemporaneous profitability ratios and to lagged feeder prices, the effects being highly inelastic. Cow dressed weights also responded while hog dressed weights did not respond to profitability ratios. Technology changes may have accounted for about 83% of dressed weight growth for steers and about 62% for hogs from 1980-97.
Localization on the D-brane, two-dimensional gauge theory and matrix models
Creators: name: Matsuura, So
name: Ohta, Kazutoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effective topological field theory on Euclidean D-strings wrapping on a 2-cycle in the internal space. We evaluate the vev of a suitable operator corresponding to the chemical potential of vortices bounded to the D-strings, and find that it reduces to the partition function of generalized two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory as a result of localization. We argue that the partition function gives a grand canonical ensemble of multi-instanton corrections for four-dimensional N=2 gauge theory in a suitable large N limit. We find two-dimensional gauge theories that provide the instanton partition function for four-dimensional N=2 theories with the hypermultiplets in the adjoint and fundamental representations. We also propose a partition function that gives the instanton contributions to four-dimensional N=2 quiver gauge theory. We discuss the relation between Nekrasov's instanton partition function and the Dijkgraaf-Vafa theory in terms of large N phase transitions of the generalized two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory.
description: 40 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX2e, typos corrected, references added, Final version to appear in Physical Review D
Dynamical Evidence of a Spiral Arm--Driving Planet in the MWC 758 Protoplanetary Disk
Creators: name: Ren, Bin
name: Dong, Ruobing
name: van Holstein, Rob G.
name: Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste
name: Calvin, Benjamin A.
name: Girard, Julien H.
name: Benisty, Myriam
name: Boccaletti, Anthony
name: Esposito, Thomas M.
name: Choquet, Élodie
name: Mawet, Dimitri
name: Pueyo, Laurent
name: Stolker, Tomas
name: Chiang, Eugene
name: de Boer, Jozua
name: Debes, John H.
name: Garufi, Antonio
name: Grady, Carol A.
name: Hines, Dean C.
name: Maire, Anne-Lise
name: Ménard, François
name: Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell
name: Perrin, Marshall D.
name: Poteet, Charles A.
name: Schneider, Glenn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: More than a dozen young stars host spiral arms in their surrounding protoplanetary disks. The excitation mechanisms of such arms are under debate. The two leading hypotheses -- companion-disk interaction and gravitational instability (GI) -- predict distinct motion for spirals. By imaging the MWC 758 spiral arm system at two epochs spanning ${\sim}5$ yr using the SPHERE instrument on the Very Large Telescope (VLT), we test the two hypotheses for the first time. We find that the pattern speeds of the spirals are not consistent with the GI origin. Our measurements further evince the existence of a faint "missing planet" driving the disk arms. The average spiral pattern speed is $0.\!^\circ22\pm0.\!^\circ03$ yr$^{-1}$, pointing to a driver at $172_{-14}^{+18}$ au around a $1.9$ $M_\odot$ central star if it is on a circular orbit. In addition, we witness time varying shadowing effects on a global scale that are likely originated from an inner disk.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, published in ApJ Letters. Data files and gif movie of Figure 1ab in ancillary folder
RISK AND PROBABILITY PREMIUMS FOR CARA UTILITY FUNCTIONS
Creators: name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Choi, E. Kwan
name: Feinerman, Eli
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Choi, E. Kwan
name: Feinerman, Eli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: The risk premium and the probability premium are used to determine appropriate coefficients of absolute risk aversion under CARA utility. A defensible range of risk aversion coefficients is defined by the coefficients that correspond to risk premiums falling between 1 and 99% of the amount at risk or to probability premiums falling between .005 and .49 for a lottery that pays or loses a given sum. The consequences of ignoring risk premiums when selecting risk-aversion coefficients for representative decision makers are illustrated by calculation of the implied risk premium associated with the levels of absolute risk aversion assumed in six selected studies.
COVIDNearYou: COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance Platform
Creators: name: Brownstein, John S.
name: Sewalk, Kara
name: Astley, Christina M.
name: Rader, Benjamin
name: Hawkins, Jared
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Syndromic Surveillance Platform of COVID-19
https://covidnearyou.org/

Request Data: https://www.atscale.com/covidnearyou/
Data Reports: https://covidnearyou.org/us/en-US/cny-reports/
License applies to information stored within this repository and does not extend to the links provided.
IMPACT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN EUROPE: THE FIRST FOUR YEARS OF BT MAIZE ADOPTION IN SPAIN
Creators: name: Demont, Matty
name: Tollens, Eric
name: Demont, Matty
name: Tollens, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: In the present paper we estimate the impact of a biotechnology innovation in Spanish agriculture. Transgenic Bt maize offers the potential to control corn borers, that cause economically important losses in Spanish maize cultivation, more efficiently. Since 1998, Syngenta commercializes the variety Compa CB, equivalent to an annual area of 25.000ha, or an average adoption rate of 5,2% of Spain's total land allocation to maize. The profit increase engendered by this technological change during the four-year period 1998-2001 is estimated to be E8,4 million for Spanish agriculture and E2,8 million for Syngenta and the seed suppliers. The industry appears to be able to extract only one fourth of the total benefits. The lion share, i.e., three fourth, accrues to farmers.
WELFARE EFFECTS OF TRANSGENIC SUGARBEETS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: A THEORETICAL EX-ANTE FRAMEWORK
Creators: name: Demont, Matty
name: Tollens, Eric
name: Demont, Matty
name: Tollens, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Production Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: We develop a theoretical welfare framework, which explicitly recognizes that research protected by intellectual property rights generates monopoly profits. The result is a simulation model, shaped to the European sugar sector, and enabling to assess the size and distribution of the benefits of transgenic sugarbeet adoption in the European Union and the Rest of the World.
How to reveal the nature of three or more pentaquark states?
Creators: name: Xiao, C. W.
name: Lu, J. X.
name: Wu, J. J.
name: Geng, L. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the chiral unitary approach and with the constraints of heavy quark spin symmetry, we study the coupled channel interactions of ${\bar D}^{(*)}Σ_c^{(*)}$ channels, close to whose thresholds three pentaquark-like $P_c$ states have been reported by the LHCb Collaboration. In the present work, we take into account the contributions of pion exchanges via box diagrams to the interaction potentials, and therefore lift the degeneracy in the masses of ${\bar D}^*Σ_c^{(*)}$ spin multiplets. Fitting the $J/ψp$ invariant mass distributions in the $Λ_b^0 \to J/ψK^- p$ decay, we find that the LHCb pentaquark states can not be reproduced in the direct $J/ψp$ production in the $Λ_b^0$ decay, and can only be indirectly produced in the final state interactions of the $Λ_b^0$ decay products, ${\bar D}^*Σ_c^{(*)}$, which further supports the nature of these states as $\bar{D}Σ_c$ molecules. Based on the fit results obtained, we study the partial decay widths/branching ratios to other decay channels, $\bar{D}^* Λ_c$, $\bar{D} Λ_c$, and $η_c N$, and the corresponding invariant mass distributions. The resonances with $J^P=\frac{1}{2}^-$, $P_c(4312)$, $P_c(4440)$ and the one of $\bar{D}^* Σ_c^*$ around 4500 MeV, have large partial decay width into $η_c N$, and thus, can be easily seen in the $η_c N$ invariant mass distributions. By contrast, the states with $J^P=\frac{3}{2}^-$, $P_c(4457)$, the (predicted) narrow $P_c(4380)$ and the bound state of $\bar{D}^* Σ_c^*$ with a mass of about 4520 MeV, do not decay into $η_c N$. Therefore, the $η_c N$ channel should be studied in future to provide further insights into the nature of these states, especially that of the $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$.
description: Updated with more comments, and welcome to comment
E. van Donzel, Foreign relations of Ethiopia, 1642-1700, Leiden 1979
Creators: name: Kropp, M.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 66 (1982): Oriens christianus, Band 66
How and Why is An Answer (Still) Correct? Maintaining Provenance in Dynamic Knowledge Graphs
Creators: name: Gaur, Garima
name: Bhattacharya, Arnab
name: Bedathur, Srikanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge graphs (KGs) have increasingly become the backbone of many critical knowledge-centric applications. Most large-scale KGs used in practice are automatically constructed based on an ensemble of extraction techniques applied over diverse data sources. Therefore, it is important to establish the provenance of results for a query to determine how these were computed. Provenance is shown to be useful for assigning confidence scores to the results, for debugging the KG generation itself, and for providing answer explanations. In many such applications, certain queries are registered as standing queries since their answers are needed often. However, KGs keep continuously changing due to reasons such as changes in the source data, improvements to the extraction techniques, refinement/enrichment of information, and so on. This brings us to the issue of efficiently maintaining the provenance polynomials of complex graph pattern queries for dynamic and large KGs instead of having to recompute them from scratch each time the KG is updated. Addressing these issues, we present HUKA which uses provenance polynomials for tracking the derivation of query results over knowledge graphs by encoding the edges involved in generating the answer. More importantly, HUKA also maintains these provenance polynomials in the face of updates---insertions as well as deletions of facts---to the underlying KG. Experimental results over large real-world KGs such as YAGO and DBpedia with various benchmark SPARQL query workloads reveals that HUKA can be almost 50 times faster than existing systems for provenance computation on dynamic KGs.
Breakdown of QCD factorization at large Feynman x
Creators: name: Kopeliovich, B. Z.
name: Nemchik, J.
name: Potashnikova, I. K.
name: Johnson, M. B.
name: Schmidt, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent measurements by the BRAHMS collaboration of high-pT hadron production at forward rapidities at RHIC found the relative production rate(d-Au)/(p-p) to be suppressed, rather than enhanced. Examining other known reactions (forward production of light hadrons, the Drell-Yan process, heavy flavor production, etc.), one notes that all of these display a similar property, namely, their cross sections in nuclei are suppressed at large xF. Since this is the region where x2 is minimal, it is tempting to interpret this as a manifestation of coherence, or of a color glass condensate, whereas it is actually a simple consequence of energy conservation and takes place even at low energies. We demonstrate that in all these reactions there is a common suppression mechanism that can be viewed, alternatively, as a consequence of a reduced survival probability for large rapidity gap processes in nuclei, Sudakov suppression, an enhanced resolution of higher Fock states by nuclei, or an effective energy loss that rises linearly with energy. Our calculations agree with data.
description: 12 pages Latex, 8 figures (only technical corrections in the replacement)
A Case Study to Identify the Hindrances to Widespread Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Qatar
Creators: name: Khandakar, Amith
name: Rizqullah, Annaufal
name: Berbar, Anas Ashraf Abdou
name: Ahmed, Mohammad Rafi
name: Iqbal, Atif
name: Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H.
name: Zaman, S. M. Ashfaq Uz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) have proven to be a crucial factor to decreasing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere. However, there are various hurdles that impede people from purchasing EVs. For example, long charging time, short driving range, cost and insufficient charging infrastructures available, etc. This article reports the public perception of EV-adoption using statistical analyses and proposes some recommendations for improving EV-adoption in Qatar. User perspectives on EV-adoption barriers in Qatar were investigated based on survey questionnaires. The survey questionnaires were based on similar studies done in other regions of the world. The study attempted to look at different perspectives of the adoption of EV, when asked to a person who is aware of EVs or a person who may or may not be aware of EVs. Cumulative survey responses from the two groups were compared and analyzed using a two sample t-test statistical analysis. Detailed analyses showed that among various major hindrances raising of public awareness of such greener modes of transportation, the availability of charging options in more places and policy incentives towards EVs would play a major role in EV-adoption. The authors provide recommendations that along with government incentives could help make a gradual shift to a greater number of EVs convenient for people of Qatar. The proposed systematic approach for such a study and analysis may help in streamlining research on policies, infrastructures and technologies for efficient penetration of EVs in Qatar.
description: 22 pages, 5 Figures, 5 tables
Analysis and Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease
Creators: name: Sharanya Shankar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computer Engineering

description: Chronic Kidney Disease is a common term formultiple heterogeneous diseases in the kidneys. It is alsoknown as Chronic Renal Disease. The disease affects 5 to 10per cent of the population worldwide. Chronic KidneyDisease is a health problem around the globe. Most cases ofChronic Kidney Disease go undiagnosed or are laterdiagnosed in underdeveloped and developing nations; this isone of the primary reasons why a higher percentage of suchcases come from developing and underdeveloped nations asopposed to developed nations where most people go throughregular check-ups and diagnosis. Machine-based learningsystems may be used to diagnose Chronic Kidney Disease ina timely and precise manner which will help doctors checktheir diagnostic results in a fairly short time, therebyallowing a doctor to attend and treat more patients in lesstime compared to the scenario under which he / she has togo through the diagnostic process entirely manually.ISEASE
Counsel to Graduate Scholars
Creators: name: Baffoe, Benjamin Ohene Kwapong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Some Tips for Graduate Scholars

description: This is a piece of personal advice obtained from my academic experiences that I would like to share with anyone who may need them. Along the line of my studies, I have had many counsels from professors, advisers, tutors, and love ones; and so would you. Please, cherish them dearly. Am forever grateful to them. Kindly note that there are much information out there apart from the one I provided in this file. I hope we all can keep sharing knowledge to help make the world a better place.
Deliverable 5.4 Monitoring Results Report
Creators: name: Sánchez, Sergio
name: Alarcón, Arnau
name: Aulinas, Montse
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: monitoring results
pilot experiences

description: The main objective of this document is to elaborate a synthesized report, for each CHESS-SETUP pilot experience, where data obtained from the monitoring and control system are compared with theoretical data obtained from the simulations. For Lavola Ecoedifici and Sant Cugat Sports Centre, the empirical values were obtained from the monitoring and control system implemented in these two pilots, described in the deliverable ‘4.2 Management tool’. For Corby’s dwellings, the implemented solution has its own control system and the empirical values were obtained from this one. The theoretical values for each pilot are those obtained in the simulations performed in the deliverable ‘D3.7Pilot’s experience report’ and those calculated in the deliverable ‘D5.1 Construction Plan Report’. As part of the results report, a general scheme of the system installed in each pilot is presented, indicating its main components and the operation mode for each case.
Bulk motion Comptonization in black-hole accretion flows
Creators: name: Niedzwiecki, Andrzej
name: Zdziarski, Andrzej A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spectra generated by Comptonization of soft photons by cold electrons radially free-falling onto a black hole. We use a Monte Carlo method involving a fully relativistic description of Comptonization in the Kerr space-time. In agreement with previous studies, we find that Comptonization on the bulk motion of free fall gives rise to power-law spectra with the photon index of Gamma >~ 3. In contrast to some previous studies, we find that these power-law spectra extend only to energies << 511 keV. We indicate several effects resulting in generic cutoffs of such spectra at several tens of keV, regardless of any specific values of physical parameters in the model. This inefficiency of producing photons with energies > 100 keV rules out bulk motion Comptonization as a main radiative process in soft spectral states of black-hole binaries. The normalization of the power law (below the cutoff) with respect to the peak of the blackbody emission of the surrounding disc is typically very low, except for models with an overlap between the disc and the plasma, in which case the spectra are very soft, Gamma >~ 4.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, revised version, accepted for publication in MNRAS
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION'S SUGAR INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Demont, Matty
name: Tollens, Eric
name: Demont, Matty
name: Tollens, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Industrial Organization
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: We develop a welfare framework, which explicitly recognizes that research protected by intellectual property rights generates monopoly profits. The result is a simulation model, shaped to the European sugar sector, and enabling to assess the size and distribution of the benefits of transgenic sugar beet adoption in the European Union (EU) and the Rest of the World (ROW). Our model results suggest that the ROW captures the largest share of the benefits (53 % of total welfare increase). The EU sugar industry absorbs the next largest share of the benefits (30 %), with the smallest share (17 %) accruing to seed suppliers and gene developers. Since EU intervention prices are exogenously fixed each year, EU consumers do not take part in the distribution of the gains from the innovation. However, consumers outside the EU necessarily gain due to the depressing effect of the technology on world sugar prices. The latter is costly for the cane growers in the ROW, while beet producers gain. Our results reveal an apparent contradiction. When modern (bio)technologies are introduced in commodity markets subject to obsolete trade policies, the natural flow of domestic benefits from the input industry, via farmers, to consumers is hampered and biased towards the producing sector (input industry, farmers, and processors), leaving domestic consumers unaffected. Remarkably, given the current Common Market Organization for sugar, consumers outside the EU gain while EU citizens continue to subsidize EU sugar production trough high sugar prices, despite the innovation.
MEASURING & BENCHMARKING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES CARBON SAVINGS AND ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS: A NEW THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Creators: name: Alokkah, Saeed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130203 Economics, Business and Management Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: A conference contribution for the 7th Bergen Economics of Energy and Environment Research (BEEER) conference, Bergen, Norway, May 2019
Non-extendability of semilattice-valued measures on partially ordered sets
Creators: name: Wehrung, Friedrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06A12, 06A06, 06A05

description: For a distributive join-semilattice S with zero, a S-valued poset measure on a poset P is a map m:PxP->S such that m(x,z) <= m(x,y)vm(y,z), and x <= y implies that m(x,y)=0, for all x,y,z in P. In relation with congruence lattice representation problems, we consider the problem whether such a measure can be extended to a poset measure m*:P*xP*->S, for a larger poset P*, such that for all a,b in S and all x <= y in P*, m*(y,x)=avb implies that there are a positive integer n and a decomposition x=z\_0 <= z\_1 <= ... <= z\_n=y in P* such that either m*(z\_{i+1},z\_i) <= a or m*(z\_{i+1},z\_i) <= b, for all i < n. In this note we prove that this is not possible as a rule, even in case the poset P we start with is a chain and S has size $\aleph\_1$. The proof uses a "monotone refinement property" that holds in S provided S is either a lattice, or countable, or strongly distributive, but fails for our counterexample. This strongly contrasts with the analogue problem for distances on (discrete) sets, which is known to have a positive (and even functorial) solution.
description: 8 pages, Proceedings of AAA 70 -- 70th Workshop on General Algebra, Vienna University of Technology (May 26--29, 2005), to appear
When Does HARKing Hurt? Identifying When Different Types of Undisclosed Post Hoc Hypothesizing Harm Scientific Progress
Creators: name: Rubin, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Survey Results
subject: 170110 Psychological Methodology, Design and Analysis
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Hypothesizing after the results are known, or HARKing, occurs when researchers check their research results and then add or remove hypotheses on the basis of those results without acknowledging this process in their research report (Kerr, 1998). In the present article, I discuss three forms of HARKing: (1) using current results to construct post hoc hypotheses that are then reported as if they were a priori hypotheses; (2) retrieving hypotheses from a post hoc literature search and reporting them as a priori hypotheses; and (3) failing to report a priori hypotheses that are unsupported by the current results. These three types of HARKing are often characterized as being bad for science and a potential cause of the current replication crisis. In the present article, I use insights from the philosophy of science to present a more nuanced view. Specifically, I identify the conditions under which each of these three types of HARKing is most and least likely to be bad for science. I conclude with a brief discussion about the ethics of each type of HARKing.
Applications of Field-Theoretic Renormalization Group Methods to Reaction-Diffusion Problems
Creators: name: Tauber, Uwe C.
name: Howard, Martin
name: Vollmayr-Lee, Benjamin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the application of field-theoretic renormalization group (RG) methods to the study of fluctuations in reaction-diffusion problems. We first investigate the physical origin of universality in these systems, before comparing RG methods to other available analytic techniques, including exact solutions and Smoluchowski-type approximations. Starting from the microscopic reaction-diffusion master equation, we then pedagogically detail the mapping to a field theory for the single-species reaction k A -> l A (l < k). We employ this particularly simple but non-trivial system to introduce the field-theoretic RG tools, including the diagrammatic perturbation expansion, renormalization, and Callan-Symanzik RG flow equation. We demonstrate how these techniques permit the calculation of universal quantities such as density decay exponents and amplitudes via perturbative eps = d_c - d expansions with respect to the upper critical dimension d_c. With these basics established, we then provide an overview of more sophisticated applications to multiple species reactions, disorder effects, L'evy flights, persistence problems, and the influence of spatial boundaries. We also analyze field-theoretic approaches to nonequilibrium phase transitions separating active from absorbing states. We focus particularly on the generic directed percolation universality class, as well as on the most prominent exception to this class: even-offspring branching and annihilating random walks. Finally, we summarize the state of the field and present our perspective on outstanding problems for the future.
description: 10 figures included
An Evaluation of Four Solutions to the Forking Paths Problem: Adjusted Alpha, Preregistration, Sensitivity Analyses, and Abandoning the Neyman-Pearson Approached Item
Creators: name: Rubin, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Survey Results
subject: 170110 Psychological Methodology, Design and Analysis
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Gelman and Loken (2013, 2014) proposed that when researchers base their statistical analyses on the idiosyncratic characteristics of a specific sample (e.g., a nonlinear transformation of a variable because it is skewed), they open up alternative analysis paths in potential replications of their study that are based on different samples (i.e., no transformation of the variable because it is not skewed). These alternative analysis paths count as additional (multiple) tests and, consequently, they increase the probability of making a Type I error during hypothesis testing. The present article considers this forking paths problem and evaluates four potential solutions that might be used in psychology and other fields: (a) adjusting the prespecified alpha level, (b) preregistration, (c) sensitivity analyses, and (d) abandoning the Neyman-Pearson approach. It is concluded that although preregistration and sensitivity analyses are effective solutions to p-hacking, they are ineffective against result-neutral forking paths, such as those caused by transforming data. Conversely, although adjusting the alpha level cannot address p-hacking, it can be effective for result-neutral forking paths. Finally, abandoning the Neyman-Pearson approach represents a further solution to the forking paths problem.
Contrasting Supersymmetry and Universal Extra Dimensions at Colliders
Creators: name: Battaglia, Marco
name: Datta, Asesh K.
name: De Roeck, Albert
name: Kong, Kyoungchul
name: Matchev, Konstantin T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We contrast the experimental signatures of low energy supersymmetry and the model of Universal Extra Dimensions and discuss various methods for their discrimination at hadron and lepton colliders. We study the discovery reach of hadron colliders for level 2 Kaluza-Klein modes, which would indicate the presence of extra dimensions. We also investigate the possibility to differentiate the spins of the superpartners and KK modes by means of the asymmetry method of Barr. We then review the methods for discriminating between the two scenarios at a high energy linear collider such as CLIC. We consider the processes of Kaluza-Klein muon pair production in universal extra dimensions in parallel to smuon pair production in supersymmetry. We find that the angular distributions of the final state muons, the energy spectrum of the radiative return photon and the total cross-section measurement are powerful discriminators between the two models.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 2005 International Linear Collider Workshop, Stanford, USA
Data-driven Predictive Control for Unlocking Building Energy Flexibility: A Review
Creators: name: Kathirgamanathan, Anjukan
name: De Rosa, Mattia
name: Mangina, Eleni
name: Finn, Donal P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Managing supply and demand in the electricity grid is becoming more challenging due to the increasing penetration of variable renewable energy sources. As significant end-use consumers, and through better grid integration, buildings are expected to play an expanding role in the future smart grid. Predictive control allows buildings to better harness available energy flexibility from the building passive thermal mass. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of the building stock, developing computationally tractable control-oriented models, which adequately represent the complex and nonlinear thermal-dynamics of individual buildings, is proving to be a major hurdle. Data-driven predictive control, coupled with the "Internet of Things", holds the promise for a scalable and transferrable approach,with data-driven models replacing traditional physics-based models. This review examines recent work utilising data-driven predictive control for demand side management application with a special focus on the nexus of model development and control integration, which to date, previous reviews have not addressed. Further topics examined include the practical requirements for harnessing passive thermal mass and the issue of feature selection. Current research gaps are outlined and future research pathways are suggested to identify the most promising data-driven predictive control techniques for grid integration of buildings.
description: Accepted for Publication in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Smoothness of collapsed regions in a capillarity model for soap films
Creators: name: King, Darren
name: Maggi, Francesco
name: Stuvard, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 49Q20 (49Q05)

description: We study generalized minimizers in the soap film capillarity model introduced in [arXiv:1807.05200,arXiv:1907.00551]. Collapsed regions of generalized minimizers are shown to be smooth outside of dimensionally small singular sets, which are thus empty in physical dimensions. Since generalized minimizers converge to Plateau's type surfaces in the vanishing volume limit, the fact that collapsed regions cannot exhibit $Y$-points and $T$-points (which are possibly present in the limit Plateau's surfaces) gives the first strong indication that singularities of the limit Plateau's surfaces should always be "wetted" by the bulky regions of the approximating generalized minimizers.
description: 33 pages, 8 figures
Phases of N=1 theories and factorization of Seiberg-Witten curves
Creators: name: Janik, Romuald A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk I review the structure of vacua of N=2 theories broken down to N=1 and it's link with factorization of Seiberg-Witten curves. After an introduction to the structure of vacua in various supersymmetric gauge theories, I discuss the use of the exact factorization solution to identify different dual descriptions of the same physics and to count the number of connected domains in the space of N=1 vacua.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures. Talk presented at the XLV School of Theoretical Physics, Zakopane, 3-12 June 2005
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE EU: THE EUWAB PROJECT
Creators: name: Demont, Matty
name: Tollens, Eric
name: Demont, Matty
name: Tollens, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Since 1995, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been introduced commercially into US agriculture. These innovations are developed and commercialised by a handful of vertically coordinated "life science" firms who have fundamentally altered the structure of the seed industry. Enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPRs) for biological innovations has been the major incentive for a concentration tendency in the upstream sector. On the one hand, this monopolisation may increase long-run social welfare through an increased rate of investment in R&D. On the other hand, due to their monopoly power, these firms are capable of charging a "monopoly rent", extracting a part of the total social welfare. A popular argument used by the opponents of agricultural biotechnology (agbiotech) is the idea of an input industry extracting all benefits generated by these innovations. Are life science firms able to appropriate all benefits or is there a limit to their monopoly power? In the US, the first ex post welfare studies reveal that farmers are receiving the largest part of the benefits followed by the gene developers who receive the next largest share. However, up to now no parallel ex ante study has been published for the European Union (EU). Hence, the EUWAB-project (European Union Welfare effects of Agricultural Biotechnology) aims at calculating the total benefits of selected agbiotech innovations in the EU and their distribution among member countries, producers, consumers, input suppliers and government.
B.M. Weischer, Qërellos IV,3 : Traktate des Severianos von Gabala, Gregorios Thaumaturgos und Kyrillos von Alexandrien, Wiesbaden 1980
Creators: name: Kropp, M.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 66 (1982): Oriens christianus, Band 66
Encoding and Topological Computation on Textiles
Creators: name: Bright, Matt
name: Kurlin, Vitaliy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A textile structure is a periodic arrangement of threads in the thickened plane. A topological classification of textile structures is harder than for classical knots and links that are non-periodic and restricted to a bounded region. The first important problem is to encode all textile structures in a simple combinatorial way. This paper extends the notion of the Gauss code in classical knot theory, providing a tool for topological computation on these structures. As a first application, we present a linear time algorithm for determining whether a code represents a textile in the physical sense. This algorithm, along with invariants of textile structures, allowed us for the first time to classify all oriented textile structures woven from a single component up to complexity five.
description: Special Proceedings of Shape Modelling International Conference 2020
title: Cruise Results: NOAA Ship Henry B. Bigelow, Cruise No. HB 23-03, Summer Northeast Ecosystem Monitoring Survey
Creators: name: Northeast Fisheries Science Center (U.S.)
Publisher: name: NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02nc0ck44
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The principal objective of this survey was to assess the pelagic components of the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf Ecosystem from water currents to plankton, pelagic fishes, marine mammals, sea turtles, and seabirds.
Do p Values Lose Their Meaning in Exploratory Analyses? It Depends How You Define the Familywise Error Rate
Creators: name: Rubin, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Survey Results
subject: 170110 Psychological Methodology, Design and Analysis
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Several researchers have recently argued that p values lose their meaning in exploratory analyses due to an unknown inflation of the alpha level (e.g., Nosek & Lakens, 2014; Wagenmakers, 2016). For this argument to be tenable, the familywise error rate must be defined in relation to the number of hypotheses that are tested in the same study or article. Under this conceptualization, the familywise error rate is usually unknowable in exploratory analyses because it is usually unclear how many hypotheses have been tested on a spontaneous basis and then omitted from the final research report. In the present article, I argue that it is inappropriate to conceptualize the familywise error rate in relation to the number of hypotheses that are tested. Instead, it is more appropriate to conceptualize familywise error in relation to the number of different tests that are conducted on the same null hypothesis in the same study. Under this conceptualization, alpha level adjustments in exploratory analyses are (a) less necessary and (b) objectively verifiable. As a result, p values do not lose their meaning in exploratory analyses.