cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Response to Fusarium graminearum infection in the rachis of a resistant and a susceptible wheat genotype
Creators: name: Mehri Hadinezhad
name: S. Shea Miller
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Fusarium head blight is a globally devastating disease of wheat, for which sources and mechanisms of resistance are urgently needed. The goal of this research was to elucidate the chemical nature of changes incurred in the rachis of a susceptible wheat (‘Chinese Spring’, CS), and a related addition line (CS-7EL) with resistance conferred by a fragment of the 7E chromosome from a wild wheat relative (Thinopyrum elongatum) in response to infection by Fusarium graminearum. Gravimetric analysis, followed by more targeted extractions and hydrolyses was used to study responses in the rachis of both genotypes at 7 days after fungal and mock inoculations. The most significant changes in the gravimetric analyses were an increase in the proportion of lignin in CS-7EL, and an increase in the proportion of hot water soluble compounds in CS. HPLC analysis of sugar profiles indicated higher degradation of arabinoxylan and cellulose in CS compared with CS-7EL. Differences were also observed in the profiles of the free, conjugated, and bound phenolic fractions for both varieties, with the conjugated fraction showing the greatest variation. The dominant phenolic acid in all samples was p-coumaric. A biplot analysis incorporating phenolic and sugar data was employed to provide an overview of responses to mock- and Fusarium-inoculation in CS and CS-7EL. Overall, our results suggest cell wall degradation in CS, and fortification in CS-7EL via increased lignification, in response to Fusarium infection.
Optimization of a direct real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase reaction (DRT-qPCR) assay for the detection of grapevine rupestris stem-pitting associated viruses (GRSPaV) in grapevine
Creators: name: N. Greig
name: J. Luong
name: J. Hooker
name: L. W. Stobbs
name: B. Meng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A single step Direct real-time quantitative reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (DRT-qPCR) was applied and optimized for the detection of Grapevine rupestris stem-pitting associated virus (GRSPaV) in grapevine. A probe and primer set were designed from conserved genomic regions from eight GRSPaV accessions from GenBank and used with the Direct Plant Extraction Buffer (DiPEB) system in place of total nucleic acid extraction using commercial kits to identify 14 grapevine accessions and field grapevine isolates for the presence of GRSPaV. Optimal detection of GRSPaV was obtained using foliar tissue macerated first in ELISA extraction buffer that was further diluted in DiPEB buffer (1:9 v/v). Middle-aged grape leaves on young canes gave acceptably low Cq (quantification cycle) values, with no significant differences detected between bisected half leaves, refrigerated and frozen leaves, and frozen leaf macerates made in ELISA buffer. Cq values of macerates derived from cambial tissue were comparable to those of leaf tissue macerates. The DRT-qPCR was shown to be a reproducible, specific test capable of detection of as little as 4.59 pg of viral RNA. This is the first study to use this simplified method for the detection of viruses that infect grapevine. Because this system does not require the use of a commercial nucleic acid extraction kit, it provides savings in cost and time allowing higher throughput testing.
Inf-sup stability of the trace P2-P1 Taylor-Hood elements for surface PDEs
Creators: name: Olshanskii, Maxim A.
name: Reusken, Arnold
name: Zhiliakov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The paper studies a geometrically unfitted finite element method (FEM), known as trace FEM or cut FEM, for the numerical solution of the Stokes system posed on a closed smooth surface. A trace FEM based on standard Taylor-Hood (continuous P2-P1) bulk elements is proposed. A so-called volume normal derivative stabilization, known from the literature on trace FEM, is an essential ingredient of this method. The key result proved in the paper is an inf-sup stability of the trace P2-P1 finite element pair, with the stability constant uniformly bounded with respect to the discretization parameter and the position of the surface in the bulk mesh. Optimal order convergence of a consistent variant of the finite element method follows from this new stability result and interpolation properties of the trace FEM. Properties of the method are illustrated with numerical examples.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures; peer-reviewed version
Food Security and Malnutrition in Tanzania
Creators: name: Acharya, Ram N.
name: Acharya, Ram N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of income, capital, natural shocks and other individual and household attributes on food security and stunting. A recursive bivariate probit models is estimated using household survey data from Tanzania. Results show that factors such as ownership of cattle and education help in reducing food insecurity. On the other hand, more targeted programs to educate mothers and increase awareness of health and sanitary practices are likely to be more effective in reducing the incidence of stunting.
Multi-location evaluation of fluopyram seed treatment and cultivar on root infection by Fusarium virguliforme, foliar symptom development, and yield of soybean
Creators: name: Sjarpe, Daniel A.
name: Yuba R. Kandel
name: Chilvers, Martin I.
name: Giesler, Loren J.
name: Malvick, Dean K.
name: McCarville, Michael T.
name: Tenuta, Albert U.
name: Wise, Kiersten A.
name: Mueller, Daren S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: A study was conducted in five American states and Ontario, Canada, in 2015 and 2016 to determine the effects of fluopyram seed treatment and cultivar on the root rot and foliar phases of sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean. Three seed treatments were evaluated: (1) base treatment (control) containing prothioconazole + penflufen + metalaxyl (0.019 mg a.i./seed) + metalaxyl (0.02 mg a.i./seed) + clothianidin + Bacillus firmus I-1582 (0.13 mg a.i./seed), (2) base treatment + fluopyram (0.15 mg a.i./seed), and (3) base treatment + fluopyram (0.075 mg a.i./seed). Three soybean cultivars, categorized as susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant were planted at each location. Both rates of fluopyram reduced root rot and foliar disease index (FDX) and increased yield compared with the base treatment. The two rates of fluopyram did not differ for reducing root rot or FDX, but yield was greater with the higher versus lower rate. Fluopyram reduced root colonization by Fusarium virguliforme as measured with quantitative PCR in one of two study years. Yield was not correlated with root rot at the V2, but was negatively correlated with root rot at the R4/R5 growth stage and with FDX. Root rot at R4/R5 was positively correlated with FDX. A yield benefit to fluopyram was found in a location where root rot but no foliar symptoms were observed. These findings suggest that fluopyram seed treatment can reduce the root rot and foliar phases of SDS, and both phases play an important role in yield and should be managed accordingly.
Nutrient-Induced Cellular Mechanisms of Gut Hormone Secretion
Creators: name: Lu, Van B.
name: Gribble, Fiona M.
name: Reimann, Frank
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: enteroendocrine cells
chemosensory
GIP
GLP-1
nutrients
hormones

description: The gastrointestinal tract can assess the nutrient composition of ingested food. The nutrient-sensing mechanisms in specialised epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract, the enteroendocrine cells, trigger the release of gut hormones that provide important local and central feedback signals to regulate nutrient utilisation and feeding behaviour. The evidence for nutrient-stimulated secretion of two of the most studied gut hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), along with the known cellular mechanisms in enteroendocrine cells recruited by nutrients, will be the focus of this review. The mechanisms involved range from electrogenic transporters, ion channel modulation and nutrient-activated G-protein coupled receptors that converge on the release machinery controlling hormone secretion. Elucidation of these mechanisms will provide much needed insight into postprandial physiology and identify tractable dietary approaches to potentially manage nutrition and satiety by altering the secreted gut hormone profile.
The non-perturbative groundstate of Q.C.D and the local composite operator A_mu^2
Creators: name: Verschelde, H.
name: Knecht, K.
name: Van Acoleyen, K.
name: Vanderkelen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility that the dimension 2 condensate A_mu^2 has a non zero non-perturbative value in Yang-Mills theory. We introduce a multiplicatively renormalisable effective potential for this condensate and show through two loop calculations that a non zero condensate is energetically favoured.
description: 12 pages
Strings on $\text{AdS}_3 \times \text{S}^3 \times \text{S}^3 \times \text{S}^1$
Creators: name: Eberhardt, Lorenz
name: Gaberdiel, Matthias R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: String theory on ${\rm AdS}_3 \times {\rm S}^3 \times {\rm S}^3 \times {\rm S}^1$ with pure NS-NS flux and minimal flux through one of the two ${\rm S}^3$'s is studied from a world-sheet perspective. It is shown that the spacetime spectrum, as well as the algebra of spectrum generating operators, matches precisely that of the symmetric orbifold of ${\rm S}^3\times \mathrm{S}^1$ in the large $N$ limit. This gives strong support for the proposal that these two descriptions are exactly dual to one another.
description: 25+23 pages
Rupanius Morrone 1995
Creators: name: Morrone, Juan J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Rupanius

description: Rupanius Morrone, 1995
 Rupanius Morrone, 1995c: 604 (type species: R. carinatus Morrone, 1995c, by original designation).
description: Published as part of Morrone, Juan J., 2011, Annotated checklist of the tribe Listroderini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cyclominae) 3119, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3119 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3119.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5246257
SU(3) Topology of Magnon-Phonon Hybridization in 2D Antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Zhang, Shu
name: Go, Gyungchoon
name: Lee, Kyung-Jin
name: Kim, Se Kwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnon-phonon hybrid excitations are studied theoretically in a two-dimensional antiferromagnet with an easy axis normal to the plane. We show that two magnon bands and one phonon band are intertwined by the magnetoelastic coupling through a nontrivial SU(3) topology, which can be intuitively perceived by identifying a skyrmion structure in the momentum space. We develop a continuum theory as the long-wavelength approximation to the tight-binding model, showing our results are insensitive to lattice details and generally applicable to two-dimensional antiferromagnets. The theoretical results can be probed by measuring the thermal Hall conductance as a function of the temperature and the magnetic field. We envision that the magnetoelastic coupling in antiferromagnets can be a promising venue in search of various topological excitations, which cannot be found in magnetic or elastic models alone.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures and supplementary material
How would a nearby kilonova look on camera?
Creators: name: Gupte, Nihar
name: Bartos, Imre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kilonovae are cosmic optical flashes produced in the aftermath of the merger of two neutron stars. While the typical radiant flux of a kilonova can be as high as $10^{34}$\,W, they typically occur at cosmological distances, requiring meter-class or larger telescopes for their observation. Here we explore how a kilonova would look like from Earth if it occurred in the Solar System's backyard, 1000 light years from Earth. This is a small distance on cosmological scales, with only one neutron-star merger expected to occur this close every 100,000,000 years. While humans will likely only see kilonovae at much greater distances, showing how such a nearby event would look on camera can help visualize these events, and demonstrate their unique spectral evolution.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures
The Role of Autophagy and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells
Creators: name: Jahangiri, Leila
name: Ishola, Tala
name: Pucci, Perla
name: Trigg, Ricky M.
name: Pereira, Joao
name: Williams, John A.
name: Cavanagh, Megan L.
name: Gkoutos, Georgios V.
name: Tsaprouni, Loukia
name: Turner, Suzanne D.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: cancer stem cells (CSCs)
tumour microenvironment
solid cancers
haematological malignancies
autophagy
LncRNAs

description: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess properties such as self-renewal, resistance to apoptotic cues, quiescence, and DNA-damage repair capacity. Moreover, CSCs strongly influence the tumour microenvironment (TME) and may account for cancer progression, recurrence, and relapse. CSCs represent a distinct subpopulation in tumours and the detection, characterisation, and understanding of the regulatory landscape and cellular processes that govern their maintenance may pave the way to improving prognosis, selective targeted therapy, and therapy outcomes. In this review, we have discussed the characteristics of CSCs identified in various cancer types and the role of autophagy and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the homeostasis of CSCs. Further, we have discussed methods to detect CSCs and strategies for treatment and relapse, taking into account the requirement to inhibit CSC growth and survival within the complex backdrop of cellular processes, microenvironmental interactions, and regulatory networks associated with cancer. Finally, we critique the computationally reinforced triangle of factors inclusive of CSC properties, the process of autophagy, and lncRNA and their associated networks with respect to hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and signalling pathways.
Optimization of a direct real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase reaction (DRT-qPCR) assay for the detection of grapevine rupestris stem-pitting associated viruses (GRSPaV) in grapevine
Creators: name: N. Greig
name: N. GREIG
name: J. Luong
name: J. LUONG
name: J. Hooker
name: J. HOOKER
name: L. W. Stobbs
name: B. Meng
name: B. MENG
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A single step Direct real-time quantitative reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (DRT-qPCR) was applied and optimized for the detection of Grapevine rupestris stem-pitting associated virus (GRSPaV) in grapevine. A probe and primer set were designed from conserved genomic regions from eight GRSPaV accessions from GenBank and used with the Direct Plant Extraction Buffer (DiPEB) system in place of total nucleic acid extraction using commercial kits to identify 14 grapevine accessions and field grapevine isolates for the presence of GRSPaV. Optimal detection of GRSPaV was obtained using foliar tissue macerated first in ELISA extraction buffer that was further diluted in DiPEB buffer (1:9 v/v). Middle-aged grape leaves on young canes gave acceptably low Cq (quantification cycle) values, with no significant differences detected between bisected half leaves, refrigerated and frozen leaves, and frozen leaf macerates made in ELISA buffer. Cq values of macerates derived from cambial tissue were comparable to those of leaf tissue macerates. The DRT-qPCR was shown to be a reproducible, specific test capable of detection of as little as 4.59 pg of viral RNA. This is the first study to use this simplified method for the detection of viruses that infect grapevine. Because this system does not require the use of a commercial nucleic acid extraction kit, it provides savings in cost and time allowing higher throughput testing.
Spatial Analysis of the Drivers, Characteristics, and Effects of Forest Fragmentation
Creators: name: Slattery, Zoe
name: Fenner, Richard
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: forest fragmentation
deforestation
GIS
remote imaging
Fragstats

description: Building on the existing literature, this study examines whether specific drivers of forest fragmentation cause particular fragmentation characteristics, and how these characteristics can be linked to their effects on forest-dwelling species. This research uses Landsat remote imaging to examine the changing patterns of forests. It focuses on areas which have undergone a high level of a specific fragmentation driver, in particular either agricultural expansion or commodity-driven deforestation. Seven municipalities in the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso in Brazil are selected as case study areas, as these states experienced a high level of commodity-driven deforestation and agricultural expansion respectively. Land cover maps of each municipality are created using the Geographical Information System software ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension. The resulting categorical maps are input into Fragstats fragmentation software to calculate quantifiable fragmentation metrics for each municipality. To determine the effects that these characteristics are likely to cause, this study uses a literature review to determine how species traits affect their responses to forest fragmentation. Results indicate that, in areas that underwent agricultural expansion, the remaining forest patches became more complex in shape with longer edges and lost a large amount of core area. This negatively affects species which are either highly dispersive or specialist to core forest habitat. In areas that underwent commodity-driven deforestation, it was more likely that forest patches would become less aggregated and create disjunct core areas. This negatively affects smaller, sedentary animals which do not naturally travel long distances. This study is significant in that it links individual fragmentation drivers to their landscape characteristics, and in turn uses these to predict effects on species with particular traits. This information will prove useful for forest managers, particularly in the case study municipalities examined in this study, in deciding which species require further protection measures. The methodology could be applied to other drivers of forest fragmentation such as forest fires.
Affine Killing vector fields on homogeneous surfaces with torsion
Creators: name: D'Ascanio, Daniela
name: Gilkey, Peter
name: Pisani, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many extensions of General Relativity are based on considering metric and affine structures as independent properties of spacetime. This leads to the possibility of introducing torsion as an independent degree of freedom. In this article we examine the effects of torsion on the affine Killing vectors of two-dimensional manifolds. We give a complete description of the Lie algebras of affine Killing vector fields on homogeneous surfaces. This can be used in the search of non-metrizable surfaces of interest.
Modelling Sand Fly Lutzomyia longipalpis Attraction to Host Odour: Synthetic Sex-Aggregation Pheromone Dominates the Response
Creators: name: Retkute, Renata
name: Dilger, Erin
name: Hamilton, James G. C.
name: Keeling, Matt J.
name: Courtenay, Orin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Leishmania
vector biology
host choice
disease prevention
sex-aggregation pheromone
Lutzomyia longipalpis

description: Zoontic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) due to Leishmania infantum is a potentially fatal protozoan parasitic disease of humans and dogs. In the Americas, dogs are the reservoir and the sand fly, Lutzomyia longipalpis, the principal vector. A synthetic version of the male sand fly produced sex-aggregation pheromone attracts both female and male conspecifics to co-located insecticide, reducing both reservoir infection and vector abundance. However the effect of the synthetic pheromone on the vector’s “choice“ of host (human, animal reservoir, or dead-end host) for blood feeding in the presence of the pheromone is less well understood. In this study, we developed a modelling framework to allow us to predict the relative attractiveness of the synthetic pheromone and potential alterations in host choice. Our analysis indicates that the synthetic pheromone can attract 53% (95% CIs: 39%–86%) of host-seeking female Lu. longipalpis and thus it out-competes competing host odours. Importantly, the results suggest that the synthetic pheromone can lure vectors away from humans and dogs, such that when co-located with insecticide, it provides protection against transmission leading to human and canine ZVL.
A cationic cyclodextrin derivative-lipid hybrid nanoparticles for gene delivery effectively promotes stability and transfection efficiency
Creators: name: Wang, Zhongjuan
name: Xu, Shaobin
name: Xia, Hongying
name: Liu, Yanqiu
name: Li, Bin
name: Liang, Yueqin
name: Li, Zhongkun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Genetic medicines hold great promise for treatment of a number of diseases, however, the development of effective gene delivery carrier is still a challenge. The commonly used gene carrier liposomes and cationic polymers have limited their clinical application due to their respective disadvantages. Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LHNPs) are novel drug delivery system which exhibit complementary characteristics of both polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes. In this account, we developed the α-cyclodextrin conjugated generation-2 polyamidoamine dendrimers-lipids hybrid nanoparticles (CDG2-LHNPs) for gene delivery. The pDNA/CDG2-LHNPs was stable during 15 days storage period both at 4 °C, 25 °C and 37 °C, whereas the particle size of pDNA/CDG2 and pDNA/liposomes dramatically increased after storage at 4 °C for 8 h. CDG2-LHNPs showed significantly superior transfection efficiencies compared to either CDG2 or liposomes. The mechanism of high transfection efficiency of pDNA/CDG2-LHNPs was further explored using pharmacological inhibitors chlorpromazine, filipin and cytochalasion D. The result demonstrated that cell uptake of pDNA/CDG2-LHNPs was mediated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CvME) and macropinocytosis together. pDNA/CDG2-LHNPs were more likely be taken up by cells through CVME, which avoided lysosomal degradation to a large extent. Moreover, the liposome component of pDNA/CDG2-LHNPs increased its cell uptake efficiency, and the CDG2 polymer component increased its proton buffer capacity, so the hybrid nanoparticles taken up by CME could also successfully escape from the lysosome. This CDG2-LHNPs with stability and high transfection efficiency overcome the shortcomings of liposomes and polymers applied separately, and has great potential for gene drug delivery.
title: Eucalyptus :
title: Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants,
Publisher: name: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,
Year: 0
Subjects: New Varieties of Plants
Eucalyptus

description: The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions.
Multi-location evaluation of fluopyram seed treatment and cultivar on root infection by Fusarium virguliforme, foliar symptom development, and yield of soybean
Creators: name: Sjarpe, Daniel A.
name: DANIEL A. SJARPE
name: Yuba R. Kandel
name: YUBA R. KANDEL 0000-0001-5234-5295
name: Chilvers, Martin I.
name: MARTIN I. CHILVERS
name: Giesler, Loren J.
name: LOREN J. GIESLER
name: Malvick, Dean K.
name: DEAN K. MALVICK
name: McCarville, Michael T.
name: MICHAEL T. MCCARVILLE
name: Tenuta, Albert U.
name: ALBERT U. TENUTA
name: Wise, Kiersten A.
name: KIERSTEN A. WISE
name: Mueller, Daren S.
name: DAREN S. MUELLER
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: A study was conducted in five American states and Ontario, Canada, in 2015 and 2016 to determine the effects of fluopyram seed treatment and cultivar on the root rot and foliar phases of sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean. Three seed treatments were evaluated: (1) base treatment (control) containing prothioconazole + penflufen + metalaxyl (0.019 mg a.i./seed) + metalaxyl (0.02 mg a.i./seed) + clothianidin + Bacillus firmus I-1582 (0.13 mg a.i./seed), (2) base treatment + fluopyram (0.15 mg a.i./seed), and (3) base treatment + fluopyram (0.075 mg a.i./seed). Three soybean cultivars, categorized as susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant were planted at each location. Both rates of fluopyram reduced root rot and foliar disease index (FDX) and increased yield compared with the base treatment. The two rates of fluopyram did not differ for reducing root rot or FDX, but yield was greater with the higher versus lower rate. Fluopyram reduced root colonization by Fusarium virguliforme as measured with quantitative PCR in one of two study years. Yield was not correlated with root rot at the V2, but was negatively correlated with root rot at the R4/R5 growth stage and with FDX. Root rot at R4/R5 was positively correlated with FDX. A yield benefit to fluopyram was found in a location where root rot but no foliar symptoms were observed. These findings suggest that fluopyram seed treatment can reduce the root rot and foliar phases of SDS, and both phases play an important role in yield and should be managed accordingly.
Slater and Mott insulating states in the SU(6) Hubbard model
Creators: name: Wang, Da
name: Wang, Lei
name: Wu, Congjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform large scale projector determinant quantum Monte-Carlo simulations to study the insulating states of the half-filled SU(6) Hubbard model on the square lattice. The transition from the antiferromagnetic state to the valence bond solid state occurs as increasing the Hubbard $U$. In contrast, in the SU(2) and SU(4) cases antiferromagnetism persists throughout the entire interaction range. In the SU(6) case, antiferromagnetism starts to develop in the weak interacting regime based on the Slater mechanism of Fermi surface nesting. As $U$ passes a crossover value $U^*/t\approx 9$, the single-particle gap scales linearly with $U$, marking the onset of Mott physics. In the Mott regime, antiferromagnetism becomes to be suppressed as $U$ increases, and vanishes after $U$ passes the critical value $U_{\rm AF,c}/t=13.3\pm 0.05$. The critical exponents are obtained via critical scalings as $ν_{\rm AF}=0.60\pm 0.02$ and $η_{\rm AF}=0.44\pm 0.03$. As $U$ further increases, the valence bond solid ordering appears exhibiting the anomalous dimension $η_{\rm VBS}=0.98\pm 0.01$.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Flexoelectric-like radial polarization of single-walled nanotubes from first-principles
Creators: name: Bennett, Daniel
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paper
flexoelectricity
first-principles
nanotubes

description: Abstract: Flexoelectricity is the polar response of an insulator to strain gradients such as bending. While the size dependence makes it weak in bulk systems in comparison to piezoelectricity, it can play a bigger role in nanoscale systems such as thin films and nanotubes (NTs). In this paper we demonstrate using first-principles calculations that the walls of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes (TMD NTs) are polarized in the radial direction, the strength of the polarization increasing as the size of the NT decreases. This is reminiscent of a flexoelectric response in bulk insulators, the strain gradient being achieved by bending the 2D monolayers into NTs. For CNTs and TMD NTs with chiral indices (n, m), the radial polarization of the walls P R diverges below C(n, m)/a=n2+nm+m2∼10 , where C(n, m) is the circumference and a is the monolayer lattice constant. For CNTs, P R drops to zero above this value but for TMD NTs there is a non-zero polarization, which is ionic rather than electronic. The size dependence of P R in the TMD NTs is interesting: it increases gradually and reaches a maximum of P R ∼ 100 C cm−2 at C(n, m)/a ∼ 15, then decreases until C(n, m)/a ∼ 10 where it starts to diverge. Measurements of the radial strain on the bonds with respect to the monolayers shows that this polarization is the result of a larger strain on the outer bonds than the inner bonds, but did not explain the peculiar size dependence. These results suggest that while the walls of smaller CNTs and TMD NTs are polarized, the walls of larger TMD NTs are also polarized due to a difference in strain on the inner and outer bonds.
Constraints on galaxy halo profiles from galaxy-galaxy lensing and Tully-Fisher/fundamental plane relations
Creators: name: Seljak, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of galaxy-galaxy lensing from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) are combined with the Tully-Fisher and fundamental plane relations to derive constraints on galactic halo profiles.We show that both for early and late type galaxies around L* the rotation velocity drops significantly from its peak value at the optical radius to the virial radius, v_opt/v_200 \sim 1.8 with about 20% uncertainty. Such a drop is expected in models in which the halo profile is very concentrated, so that it declines steeper than isothermal at large radii. This large drop can be explained as a result of both a concentrated dark matter profile and a significant stellar contribution to the rotation velocity at the optical radii. We model the stellar component with a thin rotationally supported disk or a Hernquist profile and use adiabatic dark matter response model to place limits on the halo concentration as a function of the stellar mass to light ratio. For reasonable values of the latter we find concentrations consistent with CDM predictions, suggesting there is no evidence for low concentrations for the majority of halos in the universe. We also discuss the origin of Faber-Jackson relation L \propto sigma^4 in light of L \propto v_200^2.5 relation found for early type galaxies from galaxy-galaxy lensing. This leads to a decrease in v_opt/v_{200} with luminosity above L*, so that at 7L_* the ratio is 1.4. This is expected from the fundamental plane relation and implies that relations such as Tully-Fisher and Faber-Jackson are not simply relations between the mass of dark matter halo and galaxy luminosity, but are also significantly influenced by the baryonic effects on the rotation velocity at optical radii.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, submitted to MNRAS, matches the accepted version
Intrinsic quantum Ising model on a triangular lattice magnet TmMgGaO$_{4}$ and beyond
Creators: name: Liu, Changle
name: Huang, Chun-Jiong
name: Chen, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rare-earth magnet TmMgGaO$_{4}$ is proposed to be an intrinsic quantum Ising magnet described by the antiferromagnetic transverse field Ising model (TFIM) on a triangular lattice, where the relevant degrees of freedom are the non-degenerate dipole-multipole doublets of the Tm$^{3+}$ ions and the transverse field has an intrinsic origin from the weak splitting of the doublet. We compare this special doublet of Tm$^{3+}$ with the dipole-octupole Kramers doublet. We study the proposed effective model for the Tm-based triangular lattice and consider the effects of external magnetic fields and finite temperatures. From the "orthogonal operator approach", we show that the TFIM with the three-sublattice intertwined ordered state agrees with the experiments and further clarify the discrepancy in the nubmers of the magnetic sublattices and the measured magnon branches. We make specific predictions for the evolution of the magnetic properties with the external magnetic field. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an emergent U(1) symmetry emerges in thermal melting of the underlying orders and at the criticality, and summarize the previously known signatures related to the finite-temperature Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) physics. We discuss the broad relevance of intrinsic quantum Ising magnets to many other systems, especially the Tm-based materials.
description: small correction
Notes on Periodic Solitons
Creators: name: Bakas, I.
name: Sourdis, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider static solutions of the sine-Gordon theory defined on a cylinder, which can be either periodic or quasi-periodic in space. They are described by the different modes of a simple pendulum moving in an inverted effective potential and correspond to its libration or rotation. We review the decomposition of the solutions into an oscillatory sum of alternating kinks and anti-kinks or into a monotonic train of kinks, respectively, using properties of elliptic functions. The two sectors are naturally related to each other by a modular transformation, whereas the underlying spectral curve of the model can be used to express the energy of the static configurations in terms of contour integrals à la Seiberg-Witten in either case. The stability properties are also examined by means of supersymmetric quantum mechanics, where we find that the unstable configurations are associated to singular superpotentials, thus allowing for negative modes in the spectrum of small fluctuations.
description: 11 pages, latex; proceedings of the 2001 RTN meeting in Corfu
Puranius pusillus Morrone 1994
Creators: name: Morrone, Juan J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Puranius
Puranius pusillus

description: Puranius pusillus Morrone, 1994
 Puranius pusillus Morrone, 1994c: 54 (type locality: Chile: P.N. La Campana, Ocoa; type material: H: MHNS and P: 2 MHNS and 1 MZFC).
 Distribution. Central Chile (Morrone, 1994c).
description: Published as part of Morrone, Juan J., 2011, Annotated checklist of the tribe Listroderini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cyclominae) 3119, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 3119 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3119.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5246257
Additional file 3 of Effect of an individualised nutritional intervention on gestational diabetes mellitus prevention in a high-risk population screened by a prediction model: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Zhang, Chenjie
name: Wang, Lulu
name: Sun, Wenguang
name: Chen, Lei
name: Zhang, Chen
name: Li, Hong
name: Yu, Jiale
name: Fan, Jianxia
name: Ruan, Huijuan
name: Zheng, Tao
name: Wu, Dongling
name: Li, Shaojing
name: Lu, Huan
name: Wang, Man
name: Mol, Ben W.
name: Huang, Hefeng
name: Wu, Yanting
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 3.
Fusarium head blight resistance in F1 hybrid spring wheat
Creators: name: Leier, Justin
name: Sintayehu Daba
name: Friskop, Andrew
name: Johnson, Blaine
name: Rasmussen, Jack
name: Senay Simsek
name: Green, Andrew
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Hybrid wheat shows promise to increase yield potential, but many questions remain about the hybrid system. One of the most important is how hybrids will perform in terms of diseases such as Fusarium head blight (FHB). It is unknown if a hybrid produced from a resistant by susceptible cross will express acceptable resistance levels. This experiment tested hybrids produced from four resistant parents crossed with a common susceptible parent (2398). The results indicated that the hybrids were resistant compared with the susceptible parent and mid-parent, while they were less resistant compared with their respective resistant parent. The hybrids were between the mid-parent and resistant parent in resistance to FHB traits. This may indicate that the resistance in the hybrids may be controlled by partial dominance gene action. The findings also indicated that accumulation of more resistance genes provided improved resistance to FHB. In conclusion, successful hybrids with a good level of FHB resistance could be produced through crossing parents with contrasting resistance to this disease.
Evaluation of the Dissemination of the South African 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Birth to 5 Years
Creators: name: Draper, Catherine E.
name: Silubonde, Takana M.
name: Mukoma, Gudani
name: Van Sluijs, Esther M. F.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: movement behaviour guidelines
implementation
low- and middle-income country

description: South Africa (SA) launched their 24-h movement guidelines for birth to five years in December 2018. The guideline dissemination plan adopted a “train-the-trainer” strategy through dissemination workshops with community-based organisations (CBOs) working in early childhood development. The aim of this paper is to: (1) document this dissemination process; and (2) report on the feasibility of implementing the dissemination workshops, the acceptability of the workshops (and guidelines) for different end-user groups, and the extent to which CBO representatives disseminated the guidelines to end-users. Fifteen workshops were held in seven of SA’s nine provinces with a total of 323 attendees. Quantitative and qualitative findings (n = 281) indicate that these workshops were feasible for community-based dissemination of the guidelines and that this method of dissemination was acceptable to CBOs and end-users. Findings from follow-up focus groups (6 groups, n = 28 participants) indicate that the guidelines were shared with end-users of CBOs who participated in the focus groups. An additional musical storytelling resource, the “Woza, Mntwana” song, was well-received by participants; sharing via WhatsApp was believed to be the most effective way to disseminate this song. These findings confirm the feasibility and acceptability of culturally appropriate and context-specific community-based dissemination of behavioural guidelines in low-income settings.
Diffusive Versus Free-Streaming Cosmic Ray Transport in Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Silsbee, Kedron
name: Ivlev, Alexei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the cosmic ray (CR) ionization rate is crucial in order to simulate the dynamics of, and interpret the chemical species observed in molecular clouds. Calculating the CR ionization rate requires both accurate knowledge of the spectrum of MeV to GeV protons at the edge of the cloud as well as a model for the propagation of CRs into molecular clouds. Some models for the propagation of CRs in molecular clouds assume the CRs to stream freely along magnetic field lines, while in others they propagate diffusively due to resonant scattering off of magnetic disturbances excited by MHD turbulence present in the medium. We discuss the conditions under which CR diffusion can operate in a molecular cloud, calculate the local CR spectrum and ionization rate in both a free-streaming and diffusive propagation model, and highlight the different results from the two models. We also apply these two models to the propagation through the ISM to obtain the spectrum seen by Voyager 1, and show that such a spectrum favors a diffusive propagation model.
description: Submitted to ApJ
Updates of $W_R$ effects on CP angles determination in B decays
Creators: name: Hayakawa, H.
name: Hosokawa, K.
name: Kurimoto, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently observed CP violation in B decay and $B$-$\ovar{B}$ mixing data put constraints on the mass of $W_R$ and the parameters of the right-handed current quark mixing matrix $V^R$ in $SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R\times U(1)$ gauge model. It is shown that the allowed region of parameters are severely restricted for light $W_R$ with mass on the order of 1 TeV. There exist sets of parameters which can accommodate large CP violation as measured by Belle, $\sin2ϕ_1|_{exp}\simeq 1$, for $M_{W_R}=1 \sim 10$ TeV.
description: 11pages, 19 figures, LaTeX2e
A Theory of Agricultural Settlement
Creators: name: Feinerman, Eli
name: Kislev, Yoav
name: Feinerman, Eli
name: Kislev, Yoav
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The paper draws on the modern theory of local public goods to develop a theory of agricultural settlement which focuses on the provision of village services. Alternative objectives of the settlement project are considered. Conditions for optimal level of services and optimum community size are derived together with rules of finance of village operations. The value of the right to settle is calculated for the cases considered.
Fast communication-efficient spectral clustering over distributed data
Creators: name: Yan, Donghui
name: Wang, Yingjie
name: Wang, Jin
name: Wu, Guodong
name: Wang, Honggang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The last decades have seen a surge of interests in distributed computing thanks to advances in clustered computing and big data technology. Existing distributed algorithms typically assume {\it all the data are already in one place}, and divide the data and conquer on multiple machines. However, it is increasingly often that the data are located at a number of distributed sites, and one wishes to compute over all the data with low communication overhead. For spectral clustering, we propose a novel framework that enables its computation over such distributed data, with "minimal" communications while a major speedup in computation. The loss in accuracy is negligible compared to the non-distributed setting. Our approach allows local parallel computing at where the data are located, thus turns the distributed nature of the data into a blessing; the speedup is most substantial when the data are evenly distributed across sites. Experiments on synthetic and large UC Irvine datasets show almost no loss in accuracy with our approach while about 2x speedup under various settings with two distributed sites. As the transmitted data need not be in their original form, our framework readily addresses the privacy concern for data sharing in distributed computing.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
Maximally supersymmetric solutions of ten- and eleven-dimensional supergravities
Creators: name: Figueroa-O'Farrill, José
name: Papadopoulos, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We classify (up to local isometry) the maximally supersymmetric solutions of the eleven- and ten-dimensional supergravity theories. We find that the AdS solutions, the Hpp-waves and the flat space solutions exhaust them.
description: 24 pages