cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exponential Euler and backward Euler methods for nonlinear heat conduction problems
Creators: name: Botchev, M. A.
name: Zhukov, V. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65L05 (Primary) 65F60, 80M20 (Secondary)

description: In this paper a variant of nonlinear exponential Euler scheme is proposed for solving nonlinear heat conduction problems. The method is based on nonlinear iterations where at each iteration a linear initial-value problem has to be solved. We compare this method to the backward Euler method combined with nonlinear iterations. For both methods we show monotonicity and boundedness of the solutions and give sufficient conditions for convergence of the nonlinear iterations. Numerical tests are presented to examine performance of the two schemes. The presented exponential Euler scheme is implemented based on restarted Krylov subspace methods and, hence, is essentially explicit (involves only matrix-vector products).
description: 11 pages, 2 figures. This is a preprint of the work accepted for publication in Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics
Disordered Lieb-Robinson bounds in one dimension
Creators: name: Baldwin, Christopher L.
name: Ehrenberg, Adam
name: Guo, Andrew Y.
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By tightening the conventional Lieb-Robinson bounds to better handle systems which lack translation invariance, we determine the extent to which "weak links" suppress operator growth in disordered one-dimensional spin chains. In particular, we prove that ballistic growth is impossible when the distribution of coupling strengths $μ(J)$ has a sufficiently heavy tail at small $J$, and identify the correct dynamical exponent to use instead. Furthermore, through a detailed analysis of the special case in which the couplings are genuinely random and independent, we find that the standard formulation of Lieb-Robinson bounds is insufficient to capture the complexity of the dynamics -- we must distinguish between bounds which hold for all sites of the chain and bounds which hold for a subsequence of sites, and we show by explicit example that these two can have dramatically different behaviors. All the same, our result for the dynamical exponent is tight, in that we prove by counterexample that there cannot exist any Lieb-Robinson bound with a smaller exponent. We close by discussing the implications of our results, both major and minor, for numerous applications ranging from quench dynamics to the structure of ground states.
description: 23 pages, comments welcome
Quantifying the evolution of atomic interaction of a complex surface with a functionalized atomic force microscopy tip
Creators: name: Liebig, Alexander
name: Hapala, Prokop
name: Weymouth, Alfred J.
name: Giessibl, Franz J.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: CHARGE-STATE; RESOLUTION; MOLECULE; INSULATORS; FIELD;
subject: 530 Physik

description: Terminating the tip of an atomic force microscope with a CO molecule allows data to be acquired with a well-known and inert apex. Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding the electrostatic interaction, indicating in some cases that the negative charge at the apex of the CO dominates, whereas in other cases the positive charge at the end of the metal tip dominates. To clarify this, we investigated CaF2(111). CaF2 is an ionic crystal and the (111) surface does not possess charge inversion symmetry. Far from the surface, the interaction is dominated by electrostatics via the negative charge at the apex. Closer to the surface, Pauli repulsion and CO bending dominate, which leads to an unexpected appearance of the complex 3-atom unit cell. We compare simulated data in which the electrostatics are modeled by point particles versus a charge density calculated by DFT. We also compare modeling Pauli repulsion via individual Lennard-Jones potentials versus a total charge density overlap. In doing so, we determine forcefield parameters useful for future investigations of biochemical processes.
Nonlocal error bounds for piecewise affine functions
Creators: name: Dolgopolik, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The paper is devoted to a detailed analysis of nonlocal error bounds for nonconvex piecewise affine functions. We both improve some existing results on error bounds for such functions and present completely new necessary and/or sufficient conditions for a piecewise affine function to have an error bound on various types of bounded and unbounded sets. In particular, we show that any piecewise affine function has an error bound on an arbitrary bounded set and provide several types of easily verifiable sufficient conditions for such functions to have an error bound on unbounded sets. We also present general necessary and sufficient conditions for a piecewise affine function to have an error bound on a finite union of polyhedral sets (in particular, to have a global error bound), whose derivation reveals a structure of sublevel sets and recession functions of piecewise affine functions.
On the weak solutions for the MHD systems with controllable total energy and cross helicity
Creators: name: Miao, Changxing
name: Ye, Weikui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we prove the non-uniqueness of three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) system in $C([0,T];L^2(\mathbb{T}^3))$ for any initial data in $H^{\barβ}(\mathbb{T}^3)$~($\barβ>0$), by exhibiting that the total energy and the cross helicity can be controlled in a given positive time interval. Our results extend the non-uniqueness results of the ideal MHD system to the viscous and resistive MHD system. Different from the ideal MHD system, the dissipative effect in the viscous and resistive MHD system prevents the nonlinear term from balancing the stress error $(\RR_q,\MM_q)$ as doing in \cite{2Beekie}. We introduce the box flows and construct the perturbation consisting in six different kinds of flows in convex integral scheme, which ensures that the iteration works and yields the non-uniqueness.
Emblethis karamanus Seidenstucker 1963
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Moulet, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Rhyparochromidae
Emblethis
Emblethis karamanus

description: Emblethis karamanus Seidenstücker, 1963
Distribution in Iran. Kerman, Mazandaran, Sistan & Baluchestan, Tehran, Zanjan (Seidenstücker 1987), Khorasan (Modarres Awal 1996b, 2008).
General distribution. Eastern Mediterranean, from the Balkans to Iran, Iraq, and Tajikistan.
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan & Moulet, Pierre, 2012, An Annotated Catalog of the Iranian Lygaeoidea (excluding Berytidae and Piesmatidae) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3408 on page 21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213702
Collective rotational motion of freely-expanding T84 epithelial cell colonies
Creators: name: Ascione, Flora
name: Caserta, Sergio
name: Esposito, Speranza
name: Villella, Valeria Rachela
name: Maiuri, Luigi
name: Nejad, Mehrana R.
name: Doostmohammadi, Amin
name: Yeomans, Julia M.
name: Guido, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coordinated rotational motion is an intriguing, yet still elusive mode of collective cell migration, which is relevant in pathological and morphogenetic processes. Most of the studies on this topic have been carried out on confined epithelial cells. The driver of collective rotation in such conditions has not been clearly elucidated, although it has been speculated that spatial confinement can play an essential role in triggering cell rotation. Here, we study the growth of epithelial cell colonies freely expanding (i.e., with no physical constraints) on the surface of cell culture plates, a case which has received scarce attention in the literature. We find that coordinated cell rotation spontaneously occurs in cell clusters in the free growth regime, thus implying that cell confinement is not necessary to elicit collective rotation as previously suggested. The collective rotation was size and shape dependent: a highly coordinated disk-like rotation was found in small cell clusters with a round shape, while collective rotation was suppressed in large irregular cell clusters generated by merging of different clusters in the course of their growth. The angular motion was persistent in the same direction, although clockwise and anticlockwise rotations were equally likely to occur among different cell clusters. Radial cell velocity was low as compared to the angular velocity. A clear difference in morphology was observed between cells at the periphery and the ones in the core of the clusters, the former being more elongated and spread out as compared to the latter. Overall, our results provide the first quantitative and systematic evidence that coordinated cell rotation does not require a spatial confinement and occurs spontaneously in freely expanding epithelial cell colonies.
The Impact of Glucocorticoid Treatment on Hypocalcemia Following Thyroid Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Creators: name: Zheng, Xiao Gang
name: Wang, Ming Zheng
name: Wang, Fan
name: He, Dan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Patients undergoing thyroidectomy often develop hypocalcemia. While there is evidence suggesting that the prophylactic administration of dexamethasone in patients undergoing thyroidectomy can reduce the risk of postoperative complications including nausea, vomiting, and pain, it remains uncertain as to whether such treatment has a similar impact on hypocalcemia risk. Here, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focused on comparing the risk of postoperative hypocalcemia in thyroidectomy patients that either were or were not administered a single preoperative dose of dexamethasone were systematically evaluated. These RCTs were identified by searching the Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for all relevant publications as of April 2023. Primary study outcomes included biochemical hypocalcemia and symptomatic hypocalcemia incidence within 24 h after thyroidectomy, while the incidence of permanent hypocalcemia was a secondary outcome in this analysis. Random-effects models were used for all comparisons in this meta-analysis. In total, 8 RCTs enrolling 1666 patients were incorporated when conducting this meta-analysis. Relative to placebo control treatment, dexamethasone administration was associated with significant reductions in the rates of postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia (OR = 0.40; 95%CI 0.16–1.00; p = 0.050) and biochemical hypocalcemia (OR = 0.34;95%CI 0.14–0.83; p = 0.020 (p < 0.05). No differences were detected between these groups with respect to the incidence of permanent hypocalcemia, and no trials revealed any evidence of glucocorticoid-associated complications. Significant heterogeneity was detected among studies, but the exclusion of any single study did not significantly alter study outcomes. The present pooled analyses suggested that one preoperative dexamethasone dose was sufficient to reduce the odds of thyroidectomy patients developing biochemical or symptomatic hypocalcemia within 24 h after the procedure. The prophylactic administration of steroids was both safe and effective, suggesting that it warrants consideration as a component of routine clinical care. However, additional prospective work will be vital to validate the efficacy of dexamethasone as a means of preventing objective hypocalcemia in this patient population.
Twist-angle engineering of excitonic quantum interference and optical nonlinearities in stacked 2D semiconductors
Creators: name: Lin, Kai-Qiang
name: Faria Junior, Paulo E.
name: Bauer, Jonas M.
name: Peng, Bo
name: Monserrat, Bartomeu
name: Gmitra, Martin
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
name: Bange, Sebastian
name: Lupton, John M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Twist-engineering of the electronic structure in van-der-Waals layered materials relies predominantly on band hybridization between layers. Band-edge states in transition-metal-dichalcogenide semiconductors are localized around the metal atoms at the center of the three-atom layer and are therefore not particularly susceptible to twisting. Here, we report that high-lying excitons in bilayer WSe2 can be tuned over 235meV by twisting, with a twist-angle susceptibility of 8.1meV/degrees, an order of magnitude larger than that of the band-edge A-exciton. This tunability arises because the electronic states associated with upper conduction bands delocalize into the chalcogenide atoms. The effect gives control over excitonic quantum interference, revealed in selective activation and deactivation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in second-harmonic generation. Such a degree of freedom does not exist in conventional dilute atomic-gas systems, where EIT was originally established, and allows us to shape the frequency dependence, i.e., the dispersion, of the optical nonlinearity. Here, the authors report on the large twist-angle susceptibility of excitons involving upper conduction bands in transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers. These high-lying excitons couple with band-edge excitons, and give rise to nonlinear quantum-optical processes that become tuneable by twisting.
Machine learning-based sampling of virtual experiments within the full stress state
Creators: name: Wessel, Alexander
name: Morand, Lukas
name: Butz, Alexander
name: Helm, Dirk
name: Volk, Wolfram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a new machine learning-based approach to investigate anisotropic yield surfaces of sheet metals by means of virtual experiments. The new sampling approach is based on the machine learning technique known as active learning, which has been adapted to efficiently sample virtual experiments with respect to the full stress state in order to identify parameters of anisotropic yield functions. The approach was employed to sample virtual experiments based on the crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) for a DX56D deep drawing steel and compared with two state-of-the-art sampling methods taken from the literature. The resulting points on the initial yield surface for all three sampling methods were used to identify parameters of the anisotropic yield functions Hill48, Yld91, Yld2004-18p and Yld2004-27p. The results show that the new machine learning-based sampling approach has a higher sampling efficiency than the two state-of-the-art sampling methods. Consequently, fewer computationally expensive crystal plasticity simulations are required. By comparing different variants of the Hill48, Yld91, Yld2004-18p and Yld2004-27p yield surfaces, it was also found that identifying parameters of anisotropic yield functions based on virtual experiments sampled within the full stress state can lead to a degraded representation of the in-plane anisotropy. With respect to DX56D deep drawing steel, this degradation was observed for the Yld2004-18p yield function. As a consequence, the representation of the in-plane anisotropy must be carefully reviewed when taking the full stress state into account. In this context, Yld2004-27p was identified as being sufficiently flexible to simultaneously represent the plastic anisotropy of DX56D with respect to the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour with high accuracy.
description: as submitted, after three rounds of review
Emblethis latus Seidenstucker 1963
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Moulet, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Rhyparochromidae
Emblethis
Emblethis latus

description: Emblethis latus Seidenstücker, 1963
Distribution in Iran. Khorasan, Mazandaran, Tehran (Seidenstücker 1987). General distribution. Ponto Asian, quoted in The Maghreb, but this indication might be studied again (Péricart 1998c).
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan & Moulet, Pierre, 2012, An Annotated Catalog of the Iranian Lygaeoidea (excluding Berytidae and Piesmatidae) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3408 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213702
Low-temperature quantum thermometry boosted by coherence generation
Creators: name: Ullah, Asghar
name: Naseem, M. Tahir
name: Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The precise measurement of low temperatures is significant for both the fundamental understanding of physical processes and technological applications. In this work, we present a method for low-temperature measurement that improves thermal range and sensitivity by generating quantum coherence in a thermometer probe. Typically, in temperature measurements, the probes thermalize with the sample being measured. However, we use a two-level quantum system, or qubit, as our probe and prevent direct probe access to the sample by introducing a set of ancilla qubits as an interface. We describe the open system dynamics of the probe using a global master equation and demonstrate that while the ancilla-probe system thermalizes with the sample, the probe \textit{per se} evolves into a nonthermal steady state due to nonlocal dissipation channels. The populations and coherences of this steady state depend on the sample temperature, allowing for precise and wide-range low-temperature estimation. We characterize the thermometric performance of the method using quantum Fisher information and show that the quantum Fisher information can exhibit multiple and higher peaks at different low temperatures with increasing quantum coherence and the number of ancilla qubits. Our analysis reveals that the proposed approach, using a nonthermal qubit thermometer probe with temperature-dependent quantum coherence generated by a multiple qubit interface between a thermal sample and the probe qubit, can enhance the sensitivity of temperature estimation and broaden the measurable low-temperature range.
description: Accepted in Physical Review Research, 13 pages, 7 figures
Centetostoma Kratochvil 1958
Creators: name: Martens, Jochen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Opiliones
Nemastomatidae
Centetostoma

description: Centetostoma Kratochvíl, 1958
Type species: Nemastoma centetes Simon, 1879 (original designation).
The genus is here defined comprising four species, one from the western Alps (C. centetes) and three from the Pyrenees (C. scabriculum, C. ventalloi, C. juberthiei sp. n.).
Genital morphology (Figs 11–13): Penial truncus straight, at the basis bulb-like enlarged and bifid, thus the two portions of penial muscles confined to one half of the bulb each; truncus slender, more or less parallel-sided, glans symmetrically tapering to the end, opening of the sperm duct at the very tip; below the glans, an alate (wing-like) structure, slender and rounded (in centetes, ventalloi) or strongly extended and pointed sidewards (in scabriculum, juberthiei sp. n.).
Apophysis of male chelicerae (Figs 5–10): Well developed, concave medially and (only in the Pyrenean species) split into two parts, a distal and a proximal one (from dorsal view).
Pedipalps: Slender, only in two species (scabriculum and juberthiei sp. n.) with a spur on the patella mediodistally.
Legs: Short in the Pyrenean species, (relatively) longer and considerably more slender in C. centetes.
Armature of the dorsal side (Figs 2–4): Besides a differing granulation covering the scutum, a more or less indistinct tubercle pair is on each area I-V of the scutum; these are strongly developed with additional long thorns only in C. centetes.
Coloration. Depending on age brownish to blackish without silvery marks. This holds true also in C. centetes of the Alps.
Distribution. One species in the western Alps, three at medium to high altitude in the Pyrenees except for the western-most part (Fig. 1).
description: Published as part of Martens, Jochen, 2011, The Centetostoma scabriculum complex — a group of three cryptic species (Arachnida: Opiliones: Nemastomatidae), pp. 35-51 in Zootaxa 2783 on page 38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202391
Emblethis major Montandon 1890
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Moulet, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Rhyparochromidae
Emblethis
Emblethis major

description: Emblethis major Montandon, 1890
Distribution in Iran. Fars, Khorasan (Wagner 1968). General distribution. Pontic and Near East known from Turkey, Israel, and Iran; quoted from Tunisia; Doubtful in Spain and Italy.
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan & Moulet, Pierre, 2012, An Annotated Catalog of the Iranian Lygaeoidea (excluding Berytidae and Piesmatidae) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3408 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213702
Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm Parameter Prediction Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Creators: name: Xie, Ningyi
name: Lee, Xinwei
name: Cai, Dongsheng
name: Saito, Yoshiyuki
name: Asai, Nobuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm aiming to produce approximate solutions for combinatorial optimization problems. In the QAOA, the quantum part prepares a quantum parameterized state that encodes the solution, where the parameters are optimized by a classical optimizer. However, it is difficult to find optimal parameters when the quantum circuit becomes deeper. Hence, there is numerous active research on the performance and the optimization cost of QAOA. In this work, we build a convolutional neural network to predict parameters of depth QAOA instance by the parameters from the depth QAOA counterpart. We propose two strategies based on this model. First, we recurrently apply the model to generate a set of initial values for a certain depth QAOA. It successfully initiates depth 10 QAOA instances, whereas each model is only trained with the parameters from depths less than 6. Second, the model is applied repetitively until the maximum expected value is reached. An average approximation ratio of 0.9759 for Max-Cut over 264 Erdős-Rényi graphs is obtained, while the optimizer is only adopted for generating the first input of the model.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 tables
Emblethis nigricans Y. A. Popov 1965
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Moulet, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Rhyparochromidae
Emblethis
Emblethis nigricans

description: Emblethis nigricans Y.A. Popov, 1965
Distribution in Iran. Bushehr, Khorasan, Mazandaran, Tehran (Seidenstücker 1987). General distribution. Only known from Kirgizia, and Iran.
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan & Moulet, Pierre, 2012, An Annotated Catalog of the Iranian Lygaeoidea (excluding Berytidae and Piesmatidae) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3408 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213702
Emblethis nox Kiritshenko 1912
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Moulet, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Rhyparochromidae
Emblethis
Emblethis nox

description: Emblethis nox Kiritshenko, 1912
Distribution in Iran. Tehran (Seidenstücker 1987). General distribution. Only from Uzbekistan, and Iran.
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan & Moulet, Pierre, 2012, An Annotated Catalog of the Iranian Lygaeoidea (excluding Berytidae and Piesmatidae) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3408 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213702
Asymmetry Learning for Out-of-distribution Tasks
Creators: name: Sekar, Chandra Mouli
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 461103
subject: Deep learning

description: Despite their astonishing capacity to fit data, neural networks have difficulties extrapolating beyond training data distribution. When the out-of-distribution prediction task is formalized as a counterfactual query on a causal model, the reason for their extrapolation failure is clear: neural networks learn spurious correlations in the training data rather than features that are causally related to the target label. This thesis proposes to perform a causal search over a known family of causal models to learn robust (maximally invariant) predictors for single- and multiple-environment extrapolation tasks.First, I formalize the out-of-distribution task as a counterfactual query over a structural causal model. For single-environment extrapolation, I argue that symmetries of the input data are valuable for training neural networks that can extrapolate. I introduce Asymmetry learning, a new learning paradigm that is guided by the hypothesis that all (known) symmetries are mandatory even without evidence in training, unless the learner deems it inconsistent with the training data. Asymmetry learning performs a causal model search to find the simplest causal model defining a causal connection between the target labels and the symmetry transformations that affect the label. My experiments on a variety of out-of-distribution tasks on images and sequences show that proposed methods extrapolate much better than the standard neural networks.Then, I consider multiple-environment out-of-distribution tasks in dynamical system forecasting that arise due to shifts in initial conditions or parameters of the dynamical system. I identify key OOD challenges in the existing deep learning and physics-informed machine learning (PIML) methods for these tasks. To mitigate these drawbacks, I combine meta-learning and causal structure discovery over a family of given structural causal models to learn the underlying dynamical system. In three simulated forecasting tasks, I show that the proposed approach is 2x to 28x more robust than the baselines.
Machine learning frontier orbital energies of nanodiamonds
Creators: name: Kirschbaum, Thorren
name: von Seggern, Börries
name: Dzubiella, Joachim
name: Bande, Annika
name: Noé, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nanodiamonds have a wide range of applications including catalysis, sensing, tribology and biomedicine. To leverage nanodiamond design via machine learning, we introduce the new dataset ND5k, consisting of 5,089 diamondoid and nanodiamond structures and their frontier orbital energies. ND5k structures are optimized via tight-binding density functional theory (DFTB) and their frontier orbital energies are computed using density functional theory (DFT) with the PBE0 hybrid functional. We also compare recent machine learning models for predicting frontier orbital energies for similar structures as they have been trained on (interpolation on ND5k), and we test their abilities to extrapolate predictions to larger structures. For both the interpolation and extrapolation task, we find best performance using the equivariant graph neural network PaiNN. The second best results are achieved with a message passing neural network using a tailored set of atomic descriptors proposed here.
Emblethis osmanus Seidenstucker 1963
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Moulet, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Rhyparochromidae
Emblethis
Emblethis osmanus

description: Emblethis osmanus Seidenstücker, 1963
Distribution in Iran. Fars, Golestan (Wagner 1968), Khorasan, Mazandaran (Seidenstücker 1987). General distribution. Ponto Anatolian known from restricted area Turkey (Anatolia), Syria, Iran, and Tajikistan; doubtful in Iraq.
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan & Moulet, Pierre, 2012, An Annotated Catalog of the Iranian Lygaeoidea (excluding Berytidae and Piesmatidae) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3408 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213702
On the orthogonality of zero-mean Gaussian measures: Sufficiently dense sampling
Creators: name: Furrer, Reinhard
name: Hediger, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G10, 60G15, 60G17, 60G30, 60G60

description: For a stationary random function $ξ$, sampled on a subset $D$ of $\mathbb{R}^{d}$, we examine the equivalence and orthogonality of two zero-mean Gaussian measures $\mathbb{P}_{1}$ and $\mathbb{P}_{2}$ associated with $ξ$. We give the isotropic analog to the result that the equivalence of $\mathbb{P}_{1}$ and $\mathbb{P}_{2}$ is linked with the existence of a square-integrable extension of the difference between the covariance functions of $\mathbb{P}_{1}$ and $\mathbb{P}_{2}$ from $D$ to $\mathbb{R}^{d}$. We show that the orthogonality of $\mathbb{P}_{1}$ and $\mathbb{P}_{2}$ can be recovered when the set of distances from points of $D$ to the origin is dense in the set of non-negative real numbers.
Local intraspecific aggregation in phytoplankton model communities: spatial scales of occurrence and implications for coexistence
Creators: name: Picoche, Coralie
name: Young, William R.
name: Barraquand, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D40, 92-10, 60G55, 62M30, 76Z99

description: The coexistence of multiple phytoplankton species despite their reliance on similar resources is often explained with mean-field models assuming mixed populations. In reality, observations of phytoplankton indicate spatial aggregation at all scales, including at the scale of a few individuals. Local spatial aggregation can hinder competitive exclusion since individuals then interact mostly with other individuals of their own species, rather than competitors from different species. To evaluate how microscale spatial aggregation might explain phytoplankton diversity maintenance, an individual-based, multispecies representation of cells in a hydrodynamic environment is required. We formulate a three-dimensional and multispecies individual-based model of phytoplankton population dynamics at the Kolmogorov scale. The model is studied through both simulations and the derivation of spatial moment equations, in connection with point process theory. The spatial moment equations show a good match between theory and simulations. We parameterized the model based on phytoplankters' ecological and physical characteristics, for both large and small phytoplankton. Defining a zone of potential interactions as the overlap between nutrient depletion volumes, we show that local species composition -- within the range of possible interactions -- depends on the size class of phytoplankton. In small phytoplankton, individuals remain in mostly monospecific clusters. Spatial structure therefore favours intra- over inter-specific interactions for small phytoplankton, contributing to coexistence. Large phytoplankton cell neighbourhoods appear more mixed. Although some small-scale self-organizing spatial structure remains and could influence coexistence mechanisms, other factors may need to be explored to explain diversity maintenance in large phytoplankton.
description: 51 pages; 16 figures
Emblethis persicus Josifov 1965
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Moulet, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Rhyparochromidae
Emblethis
Emblethis persicus

description: Emblethis persicus Josifov, 1965
Distribution in Iran. Isfahan (Josifov 1965b). General distribution. Endemic.
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan & Moulet, Pierre, 2012, An Annotated Catalog of the Iranian Lygaeoidea (excluding Berytidae and Piesmatidae) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3408 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213702
Emblethis solitarius Jakovlev 1881
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Moulet, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Rhyparochromidae
Emblethis
Emblethis solitarius

description: Emblethis solitarius Jakovlev, 1881
Distribution in Iran. Sistan & Baluchestan (Seidenstücker 1987). General distribution. Only known from Asian Kazakhstan, and Iran.
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan & Moulet, Pierre, 2012, An Annotated Catalog of the Iranian Lygaeoidea (excluding Berytidae and Piesmatidae) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3408 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213702
Exploring Inter-group Partnering among the Australian Jewish population
Creators: name: Lewis, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 500404
subject: Jewish studies
classificationCode: 470212
subject: Multicultural, intercultural and cross-cultural studies

description: Understanding inter-cultural/inter-faith relationships is important as it provides insight into the social distance between cultural and religious groups. However, limited in-depth research has been completed on the Australian Jewish population. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches, the thesis identified and examined in-depth the key factors shaping young Australian Jews' attitudes towards and experiences of inter-cultural/inter-faith romantic relationships.
Three-body contact for fermions. I. General relations
Creators: name: Werner, Félix
name: Leyronas, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the resonant Fermi gas, that is, two-component fermions in three dimensions interacting by a short-range potential of large scattering length. We introduce a quantity, the three-body contact, that determines several observables. Within the zero-range model, the number of nearby fermion triplets, the large-momentum tail of the center-of-mass momentum distribution of nearby fermion pairs, as well as the large-momentum tail of the two-particle momentum distribution, are expressed in terms of the three-body contact. For a small finite interaction range, the formation rate of deeply bound dimers by three-body recombination, as well as the three-body contribution to the finite-range correction to the energy, are expressed in terms of the three-body contact and of a three-body parameter. This three-body parameter, which vanishes in the zero-range limit, is defined through the asymptotic behavior of the zero-energy scattering state at distances intermediate between the range and the two-body scattering length. In general, the three-body contact has different contributions labeled by spin and angular momentum indices, and the three-body parameter can depend on those indices. We also include the generalization to unequal masses for $\uparrow$ and $\downarrow$ particles. With respect to the relation between three-body loss rate and number of nearby triplets stated in [Petrov, Salomon and Shlyapnikov, PRL 93, 090404 (2004)], the present work adds a derivation, expresses the proportionality factor in terms of the three-body parameter, and includes the general case where there are several contributions to the three-body contact and several three-body parameters.
description: Final version, typos corrected [additions in v2: relations on large-momentum tail of 2-particle momentum distribution and 3-body contribution to finite-range energy-correction; mass-imbalanced case; corrected and extended derivation of 3-body loss rate; links with works on 3-body losses (by Petrov et al.) and on scattering hypervolume (by Tan et al); value of C_3 for 3 trapped particles]
Deriving dualities in pointfree topology from Priestley duality
Creators: name: Bezhanishvili, G.
name: Melzer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18F70, 06D22, 06D50, 06E15, 54D30, 54D45

description: There are several prominent duality results in pointfree topology. The Hofmann-Lawson duality establishes that the category of continuous frames is dually equivalent to the category of locally compact sober spaces. This restricts to a dual equivalence between the categories of stably continuous frames and stably locally compact spaces, which further restricts to Isbell duality between the categories of compact regular frames and compact Hausdorff spaces. We show how to derive these dualities from Priestley duality for distributive lattices, thus shedding new light on these classic results.
description: 31 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables, minor revisions
Emblethis sabulosus Seidenstucker 1964
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Moulet, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Rhyparochromidae
Emblethis
Emblethis sabulosus

description: Emblethis sabulosus Seidenstücker, 1964
Distribution in Iran. Kerman (Wagner 1968).
General distribution. Turkey (Anatolia), Russia, Kazakstan, Tajikistan; not quoted from Iran either by Péricart (1998c) or by Aukema & Rieger (2001).
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan & Moulet, Pierre, 2012, An Annotated Catalog of the Iranian Lygaeoidea (excluding Berytidae and Piesmatidae) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3408 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213702
Perspective on Reversible to Irreversible Transitions in Periodic Driven Many Body Systems and Future Directions For Classical and Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Reichhardt, C.
name: Regev, Ido
name: Dahmen, K.
name: Okuma, S.
name: Reichhardt, C. J. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reversible to irreversible (R-IR) transitions arise in numerous periodically driven collectively interacting systems that, after a certain number of driving cycles, organize into a reversible state where the particle trajectories repeat, or remain irreversible with chaotic motion. R-IR transitions were first systematically studied for periodically sheared dilute colloids, and appear in a wide variety of both soft and hard matter systems, including amorphous solids, crystals, vortices in type-II superconductors, and magnetic textures. In some cases, the reversible transition is an absorbing phase transition with a critical divergence in the organization time scale. R-IR systems can store multiple memories and exhibit return point memory. We give an overview of R-IR transitions including recent advances in the field, and discuss how the general framework of R-IR transitions could be applied to a much broader class of periodically driven nonequilibrium systems, including soft and hard condensed matter systems, astrophysics, biological systems, and social systems. Some likely candidate systems are commensurate-incommensurate states, systems exhibiting hysteresis or avalanches, and nonequilibrium pattern forming states. Periodic driving could be applied to hard condensed matter systems to see if R-IR transitions occur in metal-insulator transitions, semiconductors, electron glasses, electron nematics, cold atom systems, or Bose-Einstein condensates. R-IR transitions could also be examined in dynamical systems where synchronization or phase locking occurs. We discuss the use of complex periodic driving such as changing drive directions or multiple frequencies as a method to retain complex multiple memories. Finally, we describe features of classical and quantum time crystals that could suggest the occurrence of R-IR transitions in these systems.
description: 25 pages, 27 figures
Effective information bounds in modified quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Aghababaei, Sarah
name: Moradpour, Hooman
name: Wani, Salman Sajad
name: Marino, Francesco
name: Shah, Naveed Ahmad
name: Faizal, Mir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A common feature of collapse models and an expected signature of the quantization of gravity at energies well below the Planck scale is the deviation from ordinary quantum-mechanical behavior. Here, we analyze the general consequences of such modifications from the point of view of quantum information theory and we anticipate applications to different quantum systems. We show that quantum systems undergo corrections to the quantum speed limit which, in turn, imply the modification of the Heisenberg limit for parameter estimation. Our results hold for a wide class of scenarios beyond ordinary quantum mechanics. For some nonlocal models inspired by quantum gravity, the bounds are found to oscillate in time, an effect that could be tested in future high-precision quantum experiments.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Emblethis setifer Seidenstucker 1965
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Moulet, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Rhyparochromidae
Emblethis
Emblethis setifer

description: Emblethis setifer Seidenstücker, 1965
Distribution in Iran. Hamadan, Kerman, Tehran, Zanjan (Seidenstücker 1987). General distribution. Transcaucasian species.
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan & Moulet, Pierre, 2012, An Annotated Catalog of the Iranian Lygaeoidea (excluding Berytidae and Piesmatidae) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3408 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213702
Ultrafast pseudospin quantum beats in multilayer WSe2 and MoSe2
Creators: name: Raiber, Simon
name: Faria Junior, Paulo E.
name: Falter, Dennis
name: Feldl, Simon
name: Marzena, Petter
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
name: Schüller, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: SPIN COHERENCE; MONOLAYER; EXCITONS; EXCITATIONS; DIFFUSION; ELECTRONS; LAYER;
subject: 530 Physik

description: Here, the authors investigate excitonic transitions in mono- and multi-layer WSe2 and MoSe2 by time-resolved Faraday ellipticity (TRFE) with in-plane magnetic fields, and attribute the oscillatory TRFE signal in the multilayer samples to pseudospin quantum beats of excitons, a manifestation of spin- and pseudospin layer locking. Layered van-der-Waals materials with hexagonal symmetry offer an extra degree of freedom to their electrons, the so-called valley index or valley pseudospin, which behaves conceptually like the electron spin. Here, we present investigations of excitonic transitions in mono- and multilayer WSe2 and MoSe2 materials by time-resolved Faraday ellipticity (TRFE) with in-plane magnetic fields, B-parallel to, of up to 9 T. In monolayer samples, the measured TRFE time traces are almost independent of B-parallel to, which confirms a close to zero in-plane exciton g factor g(parallel to), consistent with first-principles calculations. In contrast, we observe pronounced temporal oscillations in multilayer samples for B-parallel to > 0. Our first-principles calculations confirm the presence of a non-zero g(parallel to) for the multilayer samples. We propose that the oscillatory TRFE signal in the multilayer samples is caused by pseudospin quantum beats of excitons, which is a manifestation of spin- and pseudospin layer locking in the multilayer samples.
Digital noise spectroscopy with a quantum sensor
Creators: name: Wang, Guoqing
name: Zhu, Yuan
name: Li, Boning
name: Li, Changhao
name: Viola, Lorenza
name: Cooper, Alexandre
name: Cappellaro, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a quantum sensing protocol to sample and reconstruct the auto-correlation of a noise process using a single-qubit sensor under digital control modulation. This Walsh noise spectroscopy method exploits simple sequences of spin-flip pulses to generate a complete basis of digital filters that directly sample the power spectrum of the target noise in the sequency domain -- from which the auto-correlation function in the time domain, as well as the power spectrum in the frequency domain, can be reconstructed using linear transformations. Our method, which can also be seen as an implementation of frame-based noise spectroscopy, solves the fundamental difficulty in sampling continuous functions with digital filters by introducing a transformation that relates the arithmetic and logical time domains. In comparison to standard, frequency-based dynamical-decoupling noise spectroscopy protocols, the accuracy of our method is only limited by the sampling and discretization in the time space and can be easily improved, even under limited evolution time due to decoherence and hardware limitations. Finally, we experimentally reconstruct the auto-correlation function of the effective magnetic field produced by the nuclear-spin bath on the electronic spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, discuss practical limitations of the method, and avenues for further improving the reconstruction accuracy.
Acceptability of exposure to second-hand smoke among young people - 2014
Creators: name: White, Joanna
Publisher: name: Health New Zealand
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420603
subject: Health promotion

description: One of the main sources of New Zealand data on youth smoking is the Health Promotion Agency’s (HPA’s) Youth Insights Survey (YIS). The YIS monitors Year 10 students’ behaviours, attitudes and knowledge on a range of tobacco-related topics, including their opinions on the acceptability of exposure to second-hand smoke.Respondents in the 2014 YIS were asked whether they agreed or disagreed that, “It’s not okay for other people to smoke around me where I can breathe their smoke”.
Emblethis tenellus Jakovlev 1884
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Moulet, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Rhyparochromidae
Emblethis
Emblethis tenellus

description: Emblethis tenellus Jakovlev, 1884
Distribution in Iran. Bushehr, Fars, Kerman, Khorasan, Mazandaran, Sistan & Baluchestan, Tehran (Seidenstücker 1987), Ghom (Kiritshenko 1966).
General distribution. Only from Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen.
Comments. Records from Russia are erroneous.
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan & Moulet, Pierre, 2012, An Annotated Catalog of the Iranian Lygaeoidea (excluding Berytidae and Piesmatidae) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 3408 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213702