cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Redefining operant conditioning of escape behaviour in Lymnaea stagnalis
Creators: name: Benatti, C
name: Rivi, V
name: Colliva, C
name: Radighieri, G
name: Tascedda, F
name: Blom, J M C
Publisher: name: Invertebrate Survival Journal
Year: 2020

description: The escape behaviour is one of the many behavioural responses that can be operantly conditioned in a stimulus-dependent manner in both vertebrates and invertebrates. By exposing the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis repeatedly to a negative reinforcement its natural tendency to explore its surroundings can be operantly conditioned in both adult and aged snails. When adult snails were trained with 100 mM of KCl their number of escapes was significantly decreased and the latency to first escape was significantly increased. Our behavioural protocol allowed us to investigate memory acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval in pre- and post-training sessions over different days. From the 3rd day of training the learned response was strengthened: the number of the escapes in the post-test session remained significantly reduced even when animals were presented with distilled water. Moreover, adult snails exposed to the negative reinforcement for at least 4 days started to escape significantly less than the control group also in the pre-test session. This effect became more pronounced in the following days and was accompanied by a significant increase in the latency to first escape at the beginning of the pre-test on day 6 and 7. Aged snails, instead, showed selective deficiencies when operantly conditioned: memory retention appeared only after 7 days, while memory retrieval could not be induced. This redefined paradigm can help unravelling a variety of sophisticated cognitive phenomena in L. stagnalis and could be employed also to study the basis of memory impairment occurring during neuro-aging.
description: Invertebrate Survival Journal, Vol 17 No 1 (2020)
Recent Trends in Junk Food Intake in U.S. Children and Adolescents, 2003–2016
Creators: name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Ng, S.W.
name: Dunford, E.K.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Introduction: In the U.S., there is no consensus of how to define junk food. Strict regulations on what constitutes junk food denoted by front-of-package labels can serve as the basis for statutory actions. Chile was the first country to adopt this approach, and several countries have followed suit. This study examined the proportion of calories and nutrients of concern consumed by U.S. children and adolescents defined as junk food using the Chilean label criteria and the changes between 2003 and 2016. Methods: Data were obtained from 4 nationally representative food intake surveys in 13,016 U.S. children and adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004, 2005–2006, 2013–2014, and 2015–2016, with analysis performed in 2019. Nutritional content of each consumed food was compared with nutrient thresholds from the Chilean regulation for energy, saturated fat, total sugars, and sodium per 100 g. Results: Between 2003 and 2016, there was a 10 percentage point decrease (71.1%–61.3%, p<0.01) in the proportion of foods consumed that were classified as junk food. A significant decrease was seen in mean intake of calories (1,610–1,367 kcal/day, p<0.01), total sugar (88.8–64.2 g/day, p<0.01), saturated fat (22.6–20.5 g/day, p<0.01), and sodium (2,306–2,044 mg/day, p<0.01). Conclusions: Although junk food intake has decreased since 2003–2006, diets of U.S. children and adolescents remain dominated by less-healthy foods. These results can help guide policy regulations regarding foods and beverages accessible in schools and marketed to children, adolescents, and their caregivers.
(442) Elizabeth Ellis Baxter
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and the changing nutrition reality
Creators: name: Corvalan, C.
name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Grummer-Strawn, L.M.
Publisher: name: Lancet Publishing Group
Year: 2020

description: The double burden of malnutrition (DBM), defined as the simultaneous manifestation of both undernutrition and overweight and obesity, affects most low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This Series paper describes the dynamics of the DBM in LMICs and how it differs by socioeconomic level. This Series paper shows that the DBM has increased in the poorest LMICs, mainly due to overweight and obesity increases. Indonesia is the largest country with a severe DBM, but many other Asian and sub-Saharan African countries also face this problem. We also discuss that overweight increases are mainly due to very rapid changes in the food system, particularly the availability of cheap ultra-processed food and beverages in LMICs, and major reductions in physical activity at work, transportation, home, and even leisure due to introductions of activity-saving technologies. Understanding that the lowest income LMICs face severe levels of the DBM and that the major direct cause is rapid increases in overweight allows identifying selected crucial drivers and possible options for addressing the DBM at all levels.
Association between socioeconomic status and diet quality in Mexican men and women: A cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Taillie, L.S.
name: Lopez-Olmedo, N.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2019

description: Examining the potential differences in diet quality among socioeconomic status (SES) subgroups in Mexican adults may help to explain SES disparities in the burden of non-communicable diseases. We determined the association between SES, gender and diet quality among Mexican adults. We analyzed data from adults participating in the subsample with dietary information from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (n = 2,400), and developed the Mexican Diet Quality Index based on the Mexican Dietary Guidelines. We tested the interaction between sex and SES indicators using multivariable linear regression models. Sex was not a modifier; therefore, the analyses were carried out in the overall sample of men and women. The mean age was 42 (SE = 0.4) years, the total diet quality score was 38 (SE = 0.4), and a high percentage of men and women were classified with reading/writing skills or 3-9 years of school. A higher percentage of adults were classified with high versus medium or low assets index. In the multivariable model further adjusted for the assets index, for adults with education in the reading and/or 3-9 years of schooling and those with ≥10 years of school, there was a 3.7 and 5.8 points lower total diet quality score than with adults with no reading/writing skills (p < 0.05). Likewise, in multivariable model further adjusted for educational level, the total diet quality score was 2.5 points and 3.3 points lower in adults classified with medium and high assets index, respectively, versus low assets index (p < 0.05). The difference between individuals with medium and high assets index was not statistically significant. Although there is currently better diet quality among adults with low SES, this needs to continue to be monitored as Mexico progress through the nutrition transition.
On the tangent space to the Hilbert scheme of points in P3
Creators: name: Ramkumar, Ritvik
name: Sammartano, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C05, 13D07, 05E40

description: In this paper we study the tangent space to the Hilbert scheme $\mathrm{Hilb}^d \mathbf{P}^3$, motivated by Haiman's work on $\mathrm{Hilb}^d \mathbf{P}^2$ and by a long-standing conjecture of Briançon and Iarrobino on the most singular point in $\mathrm{Hilb}^d \mathbf{P}^n$. For points parametrizing monomial subschemes, we consider a decomposition of the tangent space into six distinguished subspaces, and show that a fat point exhibits an extremal behavior in this respect. This decomposition is also used to characterize smooth monomial points on the Hilbert scheme. We prove the first Briançon-Iarrobino conjecture up to a factor of 4/3, and improve the known asymptotic bound on the dimension of $\mathrm{Hilb}^d \mathbf{P}^3$. Furthermore, we construct infinitely many counterexamples to the second Briançon-Iarrobino conjecture, and we also settle a weaker conjecture of Sturmfels in the negative.
description: 20 pages. Final version; to appear on Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Peccei-Quinn field for inflation, baryogenesis, dark matter, and much more
Creators: name: Barenboim, Gabriela
name: Park, Wan-Il
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scenario of brane cosmology in which the Peccei-Quinn field plays the role of the inflaton and solves simultaneously many cosmological and phenomenological issues such as the generation of a heavy Majorana mass for the right-handed neutrinos needed for seesaw mechanism, MSSM $μ$-parameter, the right amount of baryon number asymmetry and dark matter relic density at the present universe, together with an axion solution to the strong CP problem without the domain wall obstacle. Interestingly, the scales of the soft SUSY-breaking mass parameter and that of the breaking of $U(1)_{\rm PQ}$ symmetry are lower bounded at $\mathcal{O}(10) {\mathrm TeV}$ and $\mathcal{O}(10^{11}) {\mathrm GeV}$, respectively.
description: 7 pages, journal version
Grocery Stores Are Not Associated with More Healthful Food for Participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Creators: name: Lacko, A.M.
name: Smith Taillie, L.
name: Popkin, B.M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2019

description: Background: Despite interventions to improve the nutrition of grocery store purchases, also referred to as at-home (AH) foods, by participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Program (SNAP), little is known about what proportion of participants’ intake is from AH foods and how the dietary quality of AH food compares with participants’ away-from-home (AFH) food. Although recent research indicates SNAP participants have dietary quality that is slightly worse than that of income-eligible nonparticipants, it is unknown whether this is attributable to AH or AFH consumption. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine differences in self-reported dietary intake by food source for SNAP participants compared with income-eligible nonparticipants using 2011-2014 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Design: This study included data from the NHANES, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of the United States population. Study participants: This study included 2,523 adults with low incomes (≤130% of the federal poverty level) in NHANES (2011-2014). Main outcome measures: Self-reported intake of calories, solid fats, added sugars, and servings of nonstarchy vegetables, whole fruits, and whole grains was assessed by food source in SNAP participants and income-eligible nonparticipants. Statistical analysis: Multivariate linear regression was used for each outcome, controlling for relevant sociodemographic characteristics. Data were stratified by food source, including grocery stores, sit-down restaurants, and fast food. Results: SNAP participants had a higher intake of solid fats and added sugar from AH foods than nonparticipants. Added sugar from AH food accounted for 15.3% of total calories consumed by SNAP participants, compared with 11.8% for nonparticipants (P<0.001). SNAP participants consumed fewer calories from sit-down restaurants, but both groups consumed similar amounts of calories from fast food. Consumption of nonstarchy vegetables, whole fruits, and whole grains was low for both groups. Conclusions: SNAP participants had poorer diet quality from consumption of AH food than did nonparticipants. Future research should focus on interventions to improve the healthfulness of grocery store purchases as a mechanism to improve dietary quality of SNAP participants.
Longitudinal associations between monetary value of the diet, DASH diet score and the allostatic load among middle-aged urban adults
Creators: name: Zonderman, A.B.
name: Nkodo, A.
name: Fanelli-Kuczmarski, M.T.
name: Beydoun, H.A.
name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Beydoun, M.A.
name: Evans, M.K.
name: Maldonado, A.I.
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2019

description: Lower cost can lead to poorer-quality diets, potentially worsening metabolic profiles. We explored these pathways among urban adults. Longitudinal data were extracted from 1224-1479 participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. DASH(mean) (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) score was computed using four 24 h recalls (v1/v2: 2004-2013) linked with a national food price database to estimate monetary value of the diet [MVD(mean)]. Allostatic load (AL) was measured at visits 2 (v2) and 3 (v3) in 2009-2018. Mixed-effects regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted, linking MVD(mean)/DASH(mean) to AL [v2 and annual change(v3-v2)] and exploring mediating pathways between MVD(mean) and AL(v3) through DASH(mean), stratifying by sex, race and poverty status. MVD(mean) tertiles were linearly associated with contemporaneous DASH(mean), after energy adjustment. In mixed-effects regression models, DASH(mean) was consistently linked to lower AL(v2). DASH(mean) and MVD(mean) were positively associated with higher serum albumin(v2). In SEM, MVD(mean) was linked to AL(v3) through DASH(mean), mainly among Whites and specifically for the cholesterol and Waist-Hip-Ratio AL components. In summary, energy and other covariate-adjusted increase in MVD may have a sizeable impact on DASH which can reduce follow-up AL among urban White middle-aged adults. More studies are needed to replicate findings in comparable samples of urban adults.
Age, growth and reproduction of the black goby, Gobius niger, from Óbidos Lagoon, Portugal
Creators: name: SILVA, Marina Nunes
name: GORDO, Leonel Serrano
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1997

description: Black gobies (Gobius niger) were sampled monthly between November 1992 and December 1994 using a beach seine net. Length distribution varied between 3.5 and 15 cm total length. Age determined from direct reading on 671 female and 750 male otoliths was comprised from less than one year to three years. There were no significant differences in mean lengths at age group for the two sexes, which allowed the use of combined data. A von Bertalanffy growth equation, based
 on the data of all individuals, was established: Lt = 16.657[1 - e -0.337 (t + 1 . 9 1 0 ) ] . The spawning season occurred between March and September. In this population, the sex ratio was 1.1: 1. However, during the spawning season, the females were in majority in the samples (53.2%) while, in the resting period, males were present in 71.7 % of the catches.
title:  L’Ufficio studi, massimario e formazione della giustizia amministrativa
Creators: name: Poli, Vito
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: Lo scritto analizza le funzioni attribuite all’Ufficio studi, massimario e formazione della giustizia amministrativa. In particolare sono considerati lo scopo, di miglioramento delle attribuzioni della giustizia amministrativa, la ratio istitutiva, consistente nel diritto del magistrato alla formazione, e le modalità, di piena autonomia, in cui l’Ufficio opera.
description: Scritti dedicati a Maurizio Converso
Dietary intake by food source and eating location in low- and middle-income chilean preschool children and adolescents from southeast Santiago
Creators: name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Rebolledo, N.
name: Reyes, M.
name: Corvalán, C.
name: Taillie, L.S.
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2019

description: Background: Food source and eating location are important factors associated with the quality of dietary intake. In Chile the main food sources and eating locations of preschool children and adolescents and how these relate to dietary quality are unknown. Methods: We analyzed 24 h dietary recalls collected in 2016 from low- and middle-income Chilean preschool children (3–6 years, n = 839) and adolescents (12–14 years, n = 643) from southeastern Santiago. Surveys collected the food source and eating location for each food reported during the recall. We estimated the mean intake of calories and key nutrients of concern, such as saturated fats, total sugars, and sodium, by food source and eating location. Results: Foods obtained and eaten at home contributed the greatest proportion of total calories and the key nutrients of concern. Foods obtained at home tended to have lower caloric densities but higher sugar and sodium densities than foods obtained away from home in both age groups. With regard to location, for preschool children foods consumed at home had lower caloric and sugar densities than foods eaten at school, while for adolescents foods consumed at home had lower caloric, saturated fat, and sugar densities than foods eaten at school. For both children and adolescents, home was the primary source of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) calories. SSBs were important calorie contributors among foods across all settings, but the highest absolute amount of calories from these beverages was consumed at home. Conclusions: While most of Chilean youths’ calories and key nutrients of concern are obtained and consumed at home, these foods tended to have lower caloric densities than foods obtained and consumed away from home. Home was the main food source for SSBs, but the relative consumption of these beverages was high in all eating locations. More research will be needed to inform and evaluate policies and interventions to improve children’s dietary quality across settings.
Continuity properties and the support of killed exponential functionals
Creators: name: Behme, Anita
name: Lindner, Alexander
name: Reker, Jana
name: Rivero, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For two independent Lévy processes $ξ$ and $η$ and an exponentially distributed random variable $τ$ with parameter $q>0$, independent of $ξ$ and $η$, the killed exponential functional is given by $V_{q,ξ,η} := \int_0^τ\mathrm{e}^{-ξ_{s-}} \, \mathrm{d} η_s$. Interpreting the case $q=0$ as $τ=\infty$, the random variable $V_{q,ξ,η}$ is a natural generalization of the exponential functional $\int_0^\infty \mathrm{e}^{-ξ_{s-}} \, \mathrm{d} η_s$, the law of which is well-studied in the literature as it is the stationary distribution of a generalised Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. In this paper we show that also the law of the killed exponential functional $V_{q,ξ,η}$ arises as a stationary distribution of a solution to a stochastic differential equation, thus establishing a close connection to generalised Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. Moreover, the support and continuity of the law of killed exponential functionals is characterised, and many sufficient conditions for absolute continuity are derived. We also obtain various new sufficient conditions for absolute continuity of $\smash{\int_0^t\mathrm{e}^{-ξ_{s-}}\mathrm{d}η_s}$ for fixed $t\geq0$, as well as for integrals of the form $\smash{\int_0^\infty f(s) \, \mathrm{d}η_s}$ for deterministic functions $f$. Furthermore, applying the same techniques to the case $q=0$, new results on the absolute continuity of the improper integral $\int_0^\infty \mathrm{e}^{-ξ_{s-}} \, \mathrm{d} η_s$ are derived.
S6_Table ERGM to check to belong to uneven types of farming effect in ties formation.
Creators: name: Albizua, Amaia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70101 Agricultural Land Management
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences

description: ERGM to check to belong to uneven types of farming effect in ties formation
(438) Helov
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Is a Hypertension Diagnosis Associated With Improved Dietary Outcomes Within 2 to 4 Years? A Fixed-Effects Analysis From the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Creators: name: Poti, J.M.
name: Adair, L.S.
name: Avery, C.L.
name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Howard, A.G.
name: Gordon-Larsen, P.
name: Aburto, T.C.
Publisher: name: American Heart Association Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Background: Evidence shows that dietary factors play an important role in blood pressure. However, there is no clear understanding of whether hypertension diagnosis is associated with dietary modifications. The aim of this study is to estimate the longitudinal association between hypertension diagnosis and subsequent changes (within 2–4 years) in dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium-potassium (Na/K) ratio. Methods and Results: We included adults (18–75 years, n=16 264) from up to 9 waves (1991–2015) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Diet data were collected using three 24-hour dietary recalls and a household food inventory. We used fixed-effects models to estimate the association between newly self-reported diagnosed hypertension and subsequent within-individual changes in sodium, potassium, and Na/K ratio. We also examined changes among couples and at the household level. Results suggest that on average, men who were diagnosed with hypertension decreased their sodium intake by 251 mg/d and their Na/K ratio by 0.19 within 2 to 4 years after diagnosis (P<0.005). Among spouse pairs, sodium intake and Na/K ratio of women decreased when their husbands were diagnosed (P<0.05). Household average sodium density and Na/K ratio decreased, and household average potassium density increased after a man was diagnosed. In contrast, changes were not statistically significant when women were diagnosed. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that hypertension diagnosis for a man may result in modest dietary improvements for him, his wife, and other household members. Yet, diagnosis for a woman does not seem to result in dietary changes for her or her household members.
H-alpha kinematics of S4G spiral galaxies-II. Data description and non-circular motions
Creators: name: Erroz-Ferrer, Santiago
name: Knapen, Johan H.
name: Leaman, Ryan
name: Cisternas, Mauricio
name: Font, Joan
name: Beckman, John E.
name: Sheth, Kartik
name: Muñoz-Mateos, Juan Carlos
name: Díaz-García, Simón
name: Bosma, Albert
name: Athanassoula, E.
name: Elmegreen, Bruce G.
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Kim, Taehyun
name: Laurikainen, Eija
name: Martinez-Valpuesta, Inma
name: Meidt, Sharon E.
name: Salo, Heikki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a kinematical study of 29 spiral galaxies included in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies, using Halpha Fabry-Perot data obtained with the Galaxy Halpha Fabry-Perot System instrument at the William Herschel Telescope in La Palma, complemented with images in the R-band and in Halpha. The primary goal is to study the evolution and properties of the main structural components of galaxies through the kinematical analysis of the FP data, complemented with studies of morphology, star formation and mass distribution. In this paper we describe how the FP data have been obtained, processed and analysed. We present the resulting moment maps, rotation curves, velocity model maps and residual maps. Images are available in FITS format through the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database and the Centre de Données Stellaires. With these data products we study the non-circular motions, in particular those found along the bars and spiral arms. The data indicate that the amplitude of the non-circular motions created by the bar does not correlate with the bar strength indicators. The amplitude of those non-circular motions in the spiral arms does not correlate with either arm class or star formation rate along the spiral arms. This implies that the presence and the magnitude of the streaming motions in the arms is a local phenomenon.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures, without appendices, accepted to be published in MNRAS
RESISTIRE Factsheet: Crisis Management for All: Inclusive, Multi-Actor Crisis Management
Creators: name: Altınay, Ayse Gul
name: Türker, Nazli
name: Ensari, Pinar
name: Adak, Hulya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: COVID-19
Crisis management
Policy recommendation
gender +
inequalities
multi-actor approach

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the significance of a European-level response to crises, for which the development of the National Recovery and Resilience Plans (NRRPs) was an important, yet insufficient, first step. In order to develop the capacity of European countries and the European Union to respond to future crises in ways that do not increase the existing gender+ inequalities or create new ones, there is an urgent need to develop comprehensive, inclusive, multi-actor crisis management plans that build on a gender+ intersectional approach.
title:  La degiurisdizionalizzazione del ‘non contenzioso’ familiare: l’impatto sulle prassi e la promozione del fenomeno anche per le unioni civili
Creators: name: Poliseno, Barbara
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: Nonostante il significativo riscontro registrato nelle prime prassi applicative, la procedura di negoziazione assistita dagli avvocati per le soluzioni consensuali di separazione e divorzio rimane uno strumento che, in termini di deflazione del carico di lavoro, costituisce un’alternativa possibile  soltanto per  quella parte  “non contenziosa” della giustizia civile familiare. Sennonché, la proposta di legge diretta a prevedere l’applicabilità dell’art. 6 l. 162/2014 anche  per lo scioglimento “consensuale” delle unioni civili tra persone dello stesso sesso, induce l’interprete a meditare ancora sulla opportunità di ricorrere a tali tecniche di tutela anche per le soluzioni consensuali delle convivenze eterosessuali more uxorio, e ciò al fine di regolamentare formalmente l’affidamento e il mantenimento dei figli minori o bisognosi di protezione.
description: Scritti dedicati a Maurizio Converso
Unsupervised Scene Adaptation with Memory Regularization in vivo
Creators: name: Zheng, Zhedong
name: Yang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the unsupervised scene adaptation problem of learning from both labeled source data and unlabeled target data. Existing methods focus on minoring the inter-domain gap between the source and target domains. However, the intra-domain knowledge and inherent uncertainty learned by the network are under-explored. In this paper, we propose an orthogonal method, called memory regularization in vivo to exploit the intra-domain knowledge and regularize the model training. Specifically, we refer to the segmentation model itself as the memory module, and minor the discrepancy of the two classifiers, i.e., the primary classifier and the auxiliary classifier, to reduce the prediction inconsistency. Without extra parameters, the proposed method is complementary to the most existing domain adaptation methods and could generally improve the performance of existing methods. Albeit simple, we verify the effectiveness of memory regularization on two synthetic-to-real benchmarks: GTA5 -> Cityscapes and SYNTHIA -> Cityscapes, yielding +11.1% and +11.3% mIoU improvement over the baseline model, respectively. Besides, a similar +12.0% mIoU improvement is observed on the cross-city benchmark: Cityscapes -> Oxford RobotCar.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables (accepted by IJCAI 2020)
Six-Year Incidence of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Population-Based Cohort of Chinese Adults Followed From 2009 to 2015
Creators: name: Wang, H.
name: Howard, A.G.
name: Du, W.
name: Adair, L.S.
name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Su, C.
name: Gordon-Larsen, P.
name: Zhang, B.
Publisher: name: American Heart Association Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Background: China faces a substantial burden from cardiometabolic diseases, but longitudinal studies on a wide range of cardiometabolic risk factors are limited. We examined the 6-year incidence of 8 cardiometabolic risk factors in a diverse, population-based cohort. Methods and Results: In the China Health and Nutrition Survey, anthropometry, blood pressure, and fasting blood samples were collected from 9621 adults (47.6% men) aged 18 to 99 years in 2009 who were followed into 2015. Using inverse probability weights to account for loss to follow-up, we estimated the 6-year incidence of 8 cardiometabolic risk factors and compared the incidence of each risk factor across age groups using inverse probability–weighted sex-stratified logistic regression models. Incidence was noted for the following cardiometabolic risk factors during 2009–2015: hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg; men: 29.2%; women: 24.9%), high waist circumference/height ratio (≥0.5; men: 42.4%; women: 43.8%), and high total to HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol ratio (≥5; men: 17.0%; women: 14.5%). Older men and women (aged ≥65 years) had the highest incidence of hypertension. Incidence of high waist circumference/height ratio and high LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (≥130 mg/dL) was highest among older (aged ≥65 years) women, whereas incidence of overweight (body mass index ≥25) and high triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL) was highest among younger (aged 18–35 and 35–50 years) men. Conclusions: We found increases in cardiometabolic risk among Chinese adults during this recent, short, 6-year period that are higher than previous studies in China. The higher incidence of overweight and elevated dyslipidemia markers in younger versus older men portends an increasing burden of cardiometabolic diseases in China as the younger population ages.
(440) Archibald Helov
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The caloric and sugar content of beverages purchased at different store-types changed after the sugary drinks taxation in Mexico
Creators: name: Adair, L.
name: Guilkey, D.K.
name: Taillie, L.S.
name: Robinson, W.R.
name: Batis, C.
name: Pedraza, L.S.
name: Popkin, B.M.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2019

description: Background: Following the 2014 sugary drinks tax implementation in Mexico, promising reduction in the volume of purchases of taxed beverages were observed overall and at different store-types. However, the tax's effects on purchasing patterns of calories and sugar remain unclear. Methods: Using longitudinal data from Mexican households (n = 7038), we examined changes in volume, calories and total sugar of packaged beverages purchased from 2012 to 2016 overall and by store-type. We used fixed effects models to estimate means for volume, calories, and sugar of households. To address the potential selectivity from households shopping at different stores, we calculated inverse probability weights to model the purchases changes over time by store-type. Results: For taxed beverages, the volume of purchases declined by-49 ml and-30 ml in the first year and second year post tax (2014 and 2015, respectively), while purchases leveled off in the third year of the tax (2016). Calories and sugar from taxed beverage purchases decreased over time, with the majority of the declines occurring in the first two years post-tax implementation. The volume of untaxed beverage purchases increased, whereas changes in calories and total sugar of untaxed beverages were minimal. Store level purchases of taxed beverages significantly decreased in the first two years post taxation (2014 and to 2015) only in supermarkets and traditional stores. The steepest declines in purchases of taxed beverages in 2014 were observed at supermarkets (-40 ml or-45%). The volume of purchases of untaxed beverages increased over time in almost all store-types, while calories and sugar minimally decreased over time. Conclusion: Although the Mexican tax on SSBs has lowered the purchases of sugary drinks 3 years after the tax implementation, the tax should be strengthened and store-specific interventions should be implemented to further reduce SSBs purchases in the Mexican population.
Improvements in the nutritional quality of US young adults based on food sources and socioeconomic status between 1989-1991 and 2011-2014
Creators: name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Patetta, M.A.
name: Pedraza, L.S.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd.
Year: 2019

description: Background: Fast food and other away from home food sources are linked with poorer diet quality and adverse health outcomes. The diet quality of young adults, major consumers of fast food, is understudied in terms of long-term shifts based on food sources for key subpopulation disparities. Methods: The study included young adults ages 18-39 (n = 8012) from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1989-1991 (n = 4217) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 (n = 3795). We stratified individuals based on their combination of food sources, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Using 24-h dietary recall data, we measured diet quality with the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Differences in diet quality were determined using 95% confidence intervals. Results: Overall, diet quality increased across all food sources between the 1989-1991 and 2011-2014 surveys. The restaurant category overtook the at home category as the healthiest food source, while the fast food category remained the unhealthiest on days it was consumed. Vegetable intake decreased, while added sugar intake increased across all sources. Non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks experienced similar increases in HEI-2015 scores across all food sources except restaurants, while Mexican American diet quality remained unchanged. Although all income levels experienced an increase in diet quality, the disparity between low- and high-income groups increased considerably. Conclusions: US young adults consume healthier foods from all food sources, however, fast food consumers have significantly lower quality in the remainder of their diets. Additionally, Mexican Americans and low-income individuals emerge as high-risk groups for poor diet quality.
Did high sugar-sweetened beverage purchasers respond differently to the excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Mexico?
Creators: name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Colchero, M.A.
name: Rivera, J.A.
name: Ng, S.W.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2019

description: Objective To estimate changes in taxed and untaxed beverages by volume of beverage purchased after a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax was introduced in 2014 in Mexico. Design We used household purchase data from January 2012 to December 2015. We first classified the sample into four groups based on pre-tax purchases of beverages: (i) higher purchases of taxed beverages and lower purchases of untaxed beverages (HTLU-unhealthier); (ii) higher purchases of both types of beverages (HTHU); (iii) lower purchases of taxed and untaxed beverages (LTLU); and (iv) lower purchases of taxed beverages and higher purchases of untaxed beverages (LTHU-healthier). Next, we estimated differences in purchases after the tax was implemented for each group compared with a counterfactual based on pre-tax trends using a fixed-effects model. Setting Areas with more than 50 000 residents in Mexico. Participants Households (n 6089). Results The HTLU-unhealthier and HTHU groups had the largest absolute and relative reductions in taxed beverages and increased their purchases of untaxed beverages. Households with lower purchases of untaxed beverages (HTLU-unhealthier and LTLU) had the largest absolute and relative increases in untaxed beverages. We also found that among households with higher purchases of taxed beverages, the group with lowest socio-economic status had the greatest reduction in purchases of taxed beverages. Conclusions Evidence associating the SSB tax with larger reductions among high purchasers of taxed beverages prior to the tax is relevant, as higher SSB purchasers have a greater risk of obesity, diabetes and other cardiometabolic outcomes.
DÉVELOPPEMENT DE POLYDORA (CARAZZIA) ANTENNATA CLAP. VAR. PULCHRA CARAZZI
Creators: name: RULLIER, F.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1963

description: The development of Polydora antennata var. pulchra (Annelida Polychaeta, Serpulidae) has been studied starting with young larvae collected from the sea and brought up in a laboratory.
In these conditions, the full development up to adult matury takes about 3 months. In Brittany reproduction spreads over the June to September period.
The association of overall diet quality with BMI and waist circumference by education level in Mexican men and women
Creators: name: Popkin, B.M.
name: Taillie, L.S.
name: López-Olmedo, N.
name: Mendez, M.A.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2019

description: Objective:The present study evaluated the association of two measures of diet quality with BMI and waist circumference (WC), overall and by education level, among Mexican men and women.Design:We constructed two a priori indices of diet quality, the Mexican Diet Quality Index (MxDQI) and the Mexican Alternate Healthy Eating Index (MxAHEI), which we examined relative to BMI and WC. We computed sex-specific multivariable linear regression models for the total sample and by education level.Setting:Mexico.Participants:Mexican men (n 954) and women (n 1356) participating in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012.Results:Total dietary scores were not associated with BMI in men and women, but total MxDQI was inversely associated with WC in men (-0·10, 95 % CI -0·20, -0·004 cm). We also found that some results differed by education level in men. For men with the lowest education level, a one-unit increase in total MxDQI and MxAHEI score was associated with a mean reduction in BMI of 0·11 (95 % CI -0·18, 0·04) and 0·18 (95 % CI -0·25, -0·10) kg/m2, respectively. Likewise, a one-unit increase in total MxDQI and MxAHEI score was associated with a mean change in WC of -0·30 (95 % CI -0·49, -0·11) and -0·53 (95 % CI -0·75, -0·30) cm, respectively, in men with the lowest level of education. In women, the association of diet quality scores with BMI and WC was not different by education level.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that a higher diet quality in men with low but not high education is associated with lower BMI and WC.
Discriminating the effects of collapse models from environmental diffusion with levitated nanospheres
Creators: name: Li, Jie
name: Zippilli, Stefano
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Vitali, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collapse models postulate the existence of intrinsic noise which modifies quantum mechanics and is responsible for the emergence of macroscopic classicality. Assessing the validity of these models is extremely challenging because it is nontrivial to discriminate unambiguously their presence in experiments where other hardly controllable sources of noise compete to the overall decoherence. Here we provide a simple procedure able to probe the hypothetical presence of the collapse noise with a levitated nanosphere in a Fabry-Perot cavity. We show that the stationary state of the system is particularly sensitive, under specific experimental conditions, to the interplay between the trapping frequency, the cavity size, and the momentum diffusion induced by the collapse models, allowing to detect them even in the presence of standard environmental noises.
description: close to the published version
Snacking patterns among Chilean children and adolescents: Is there potential for improvement?
Creators: name: Corvalán, C.
name: Jensen, M.L.
name: Reyes, M.
name: Taillie, L.S.
name: Popkin, B.M.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2019

description: Objective: To examine snacking patterns, food sources and nutrient profiles of snacks in low- and middle-income Chilean children and adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional. Dietary data were collected via 24 h food recalls. We determined the proportion of snackers, snacks per day and energy from top food and beverage groups consumed. We compared the nutrient profile (energy, sodium, total sugars and saturated fat) of snacks v. meals. Setting: South-east region of Chile. Participants: Children and adolescents from two cohorts: the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (n 958, 4-6 years old) and the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (n 752, 12-14 years old). Results: With a mean of 2·30 (se 0·03) snacks consumed daily, 95·2 % of children and 89·9 % of adolescents reported at least one snacking event. Snacks contributed on average 1506 kJ/d (360 kcal/d) in snacking children and 2218 kJ/d (530 kcal/d) in snacking adolescents (29·0 and 27·4 % daily energy contribution, respectively). Grain-based desserts, salty snacks, other sweets and desserts, dairy foods and cereal-based foods contributed the most energy from snacks in the overall sample. For meals, cereal-based foods, dairy beverages, meat and meat substitutes, oils and fats, and fruits and vegetables were the top energy contributors. Conclusions: Widespread snacking among Chilean youth provides over a quarter of their daily energy and includes foods generally considered high in energy, saturated fat, sodium and/or total sugars. Future research should explore whether snacking behaviours change as the result of Chile's national regulations on food marketing, labelling and school environments.
NOTES ON THE DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN CARDIUM EDULE L. AND CARDIUM LAMARCKI REEVE (LAMELLIBRANCHIA)
Creators: name: POHLO, Ross H.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1963

description: Specimens of the two closely related species of lamellibranchs Cardium edule L. and Cardium lamarcki Reeve are classified by means of a linear discriminate function. The qualitative and quantitative methods employed by Petersen (1958) to separate these species are discussed. The advantages of using the linear discriminate function are presented.
(441) Barclay Henry
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Enumeration of labelled 4-regular planar graphs II: asymptotics
Creators: name: Noy, Marc
name: Requilé, Clément
name: Rué, Juanjo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work is a follow-up of the article [Proc.\ London Math.\ Soc.\ 119(2):358--378, 2019], where the authors solved the problem of counting labelled 4-regular planar graphs. In this paper, we obtain a precise asymptotic estimate for the number $g_n$ of labelled 4-regular planar graphs on $n$ vertices. Our estimate is of the form $g_n \sim g\cdot n^{-7/2} ρ^{-n} n!$, where $g>0$ is a constant and $ρ\approx 0.24377$ is the radius of convergence of the generating function $\sum_{n\ge 0}g_n x^n/n!$, and conforms to the universal pattern obtained previously in the enumeration of several classes of planar graphs. In addition to analytic methods, our solution needs intensive use of computer algebra in order to deal with large systems of multivariate polynomial equations. We also obtain asymptotic estimates for the number of 2- and 3-connected 4-regular planar graphs, and for the number of 4-regular simple maps, both connected and 2-connected.
description: 19 pages, including 4 pages of appendix. Modified title
S1_Farmers, landholders and rural organizations interviews
Creators: name: Albizua, Amaia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70101 Agricultural Land Management
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 149902 Ecological Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We compiled information regarding farmers' land management, their perception about NCP, and a name generator with a free recall for their social network creation. We asked farmers to mention up to five people influencing their land management decision-making. Interviews to organizations to understand how they could influence farmers' land management decisions.
Comparative analysis of analytical solutions for $F_2^P$ at small $x$ in DGLAP approach
Creators: name: Choudhury, Dilip Kumar
name: Borah, Neelakshi Niti Kachari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupled DGLAP equations involving singlet quark and gluon distributions are explored by a Taylor expansion as two first order partial differential equations in two variables. The system of equations are then solved by the Lagrange's method and Method of Characteristics. We obtain the proton structure function by combining the corresponding non-singlet and singlet structure functions by both the methods. Analytical solutions for proton structure function thus obtained are compared with the data available and their compatibility is checked. Data favors the analytical solution by Lagrange's method.
description: 15 pages , 4 figures