Sparganothoides umbosana Kruse & Powell 2009, new species
Creators: name: Kruse, James J.
name: Powell, Jerry A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Sparganothoides
Sparganothoides umbosana

description: 17. Sparganothoides umbosana Kruse & Powell, new species   
Figs. 23, 48, 78  
 Diagnosis. This species is superficially similar to S. hydeana, S. calthograptana, S. probolosana, and S. xenopsana. The presence of a male forewing costal fold and protuberances and specialized scales on the head (visible when longer scales of the vertex are removed) serve to distinguish it from S. hydeana and S. calthograptana. Sparganothoides umbosana can be distinguished from S. xenopsana by the larger protuberances of the head in the former.   
 Description. Male. Head: Frons white; vertex roughened, yellowish brown, two conical protuberances between mesal-posterior margins of compound eyes; dense clump of small pale erect brownish yellow scales between protuberances; broad area of densely packed, short, yellowish brown scales anteriorly to between antennae. Labial palpus yellowish white mesally, golden yellow with brown scales laterally. Antennal scaling brownish yellow with scattered brown scales. Thorax: Dorsum smooth scaled laterally, golden yellow with light scattering of dark brown scales, dense column of short yellowish white to brown scales mesally; tegula with clump of small, orange, pointed scales at apex giving tegula truncate appearance. Forewing length 11.2 mm (n = 1). Forewing costal fold short; forewing ground color predominantly golden yellow, with speckling of grayish brown and dark brown scales; pattern elements brown; indistinct subterminal fascia brown; indistinct dark brown transverse strigulae in interrupted rows in subterminal and terminal areas; brown tornal mark from discal cell to margin; dark brown spot at apex of discal cell. Fringe brownish yellow. Hindwing grayish white with dense gray transverse strigulae throughout, most dense in apical and distal regions. Abdomen: Genitalia (Fig. 23; slide #JAP1785; EME; Mexico, Sinaloa, 8 mi W El Palmito; n = 1) with uncus long, slender, uniform in width, elbowed at nearly 90° angle at two-thirds distance from base, with long setae dorsally and patch of small setae ventrally; tegumen raised and rounded at base of uncus; socius narrow and subtriangular posteriorly, secondary arms long, slender, abruptly angled near middle, enlarged apices asymmetrically lobed, boot-shaped; transtilla strongly sclerotized, weakly bilobed, spines large, numerous over most of posterior margin, anterior process not reinforced at middle; valva subrectangular with sclerotized curved crease connecting to near base of sacculus, extending over two-thirds of valva; costa and sacculus straight; pulvinus present; phallus pistol-shaped, aedeagus parallel-sided with slight swelling at middle, shorter than phallobase, sclerotized lip on ventral surface of apex, attached to juxta by a narrow process.   
 Female. Head, Thorax: As described for male, except forewing ground color dark brown, obscuring most pattern elements. Forewing length 12.5 mm (n = 1). Abdomen: Genitalia (Fig. 48; slide #5615; EME; Mexico, Sinaloa, 8 mi W El Palmito; n = 1) with papillae anales parallel-sided, subtriangular posteriorly; sterigma narrow, strongly sclerotized, curved, weakly bilobed; ductus bursae short, widened anteriorly; corpus bursae large, irregularly rounded; signum ca. three times as long as wide, simple, curved, weakly bilobed, attenuate at apices.   
 Type material. Holotype: Male: MEXICO: SINALOA: 8 mi W El Palmito, 19.vii.1964, J. Powell (EME).   
Paratype (1♀). MEXICO: SINALOA: 8 mi W El Palmito, 6000’, 6.viii.1986 (1♀), J. Brown & J. Powell (EME).  
 Immature stages. A single patch of 27 cream-colored eggs was obtained from a confined female. The patch was covered by a nearly transparent, slightly milky-colored colleterial secretion extending one egg width beyond the patch. Eggs hatched in about 14 days. Larvae fed on synthetic diet and Q. lobata but did not survive past early instars.   
 Biology. Adults are active in July and August.   
 Remarks. The forewing of the female paratype is considerably darker than that of the male holotype. Because limited sexual dimorphism is exhibited by other species of Sparganothoides, the association of the sexes, based primarily on collecting locality, is equivocal.   
 Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin “umbo” (= the boss of a shield) and refers to the protuberances of the head.
description: Published as part of Kruse, James J. & Powell, Jerry A., 2009, Systematics of Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini), pp. 1-78 in Zootaxa 2150 (1) on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2150.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5311432