cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of Double-O-Tube shield tunnelling
Creators: name: Zhou, Ding
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Underground tunnels play an important role in the mass transportation systems in modern cities. The ground movements induced by tunnel excavation in short term and long term are of great concern due to their potentially irrecoverable impact on the surrounding buildings and services. The numerical modelling, in conjunction with well documented case studies to validate the modelling approach, is an efficient methodology for adequate and robust predictions of the ground response caused by tunnelling. The Double-O-Tube (DOT) shield tunnelling is a new technology developed since 1989, and has been applied in over 20 engineering cases in China and Japan. Due to its unique double tube cross-sectional shape, the DOT tunnel is expected to perform differently in mechanical terms compared to traditional twin tunnels. Therefore, a systematic study of its engineering behaviour, of the ground response and of tunnel lining is necessary. This research involves numerical simulations and investigation of DOT construction in soft clay and stiff clay conditions, represented by Shanghai clay and London clay respectively, using Imperial College Finite Element Program (ICFEP). In the first part of the thesis, the Shanghai clay and the whole ground profile are characterised referring to the laboratory data and field experimental evidence. A numerical model is developed in ICFEP for the case of DOT tunnel in the Shanghai Metro system, applying an extended Modified Cam Clay (MCC) model to represent the ground conditions and discretising the tunnel lining with elastic beam elements. The predicted short-term settlement troughs achieve good agreement with the field monitoring data, validating the reliability of the numerical model. Additional sensitivity studies investigate the conditions of the tunnel lining joints and the effects of the pressure exerted by grouting in the constructions process. The second part of the thesis focuses on the modelling of the reinforced concrete segments of tunnel lining using an advanced elasto-plastic concrete model. The model validation is performed with the simulation of loading tests on a single lining segment performed in the laboratory, demonstrating very close agreement between the predicted and measured segment deflections under applied load and an accurate onset of cracking in concrete. Such a concrete model is applied in the analysss of DOT tunnelling in Shanghai to investigate its merits against a simpler lining representation. Finally, the application of DOT tunnelling is explored in stiff clay ground conditions, utilising the Jubilee Line Extension and the Crossrail case studies in London clay, and applying an advanced kinematic surface hardening model for soil behaviour. The comparison of numerical predictions against field monitoring data demonstrates comparable magnitudes of ground movements mobilised by DOT tunnelling with respect to conventional twin tunnelling.
Emerging Diversity in a Population of Evolving Intransitive Dice
Creators: name: Kirkegaard, Julius B.
name: Sneppen, Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploiting the mathematical curiosity of intransitive dice, we present a simple theoretical model for co-evolution that captures scales ranging from the genome of the individual to the system-wide emergence of species diversity. We study a set of evolving agents that interact competitively in a closed system, in which both the dynamics of mutations and competitive advantage emerge directly from interpreting a genome as the sides of a die. The model demonstrates sympatric speciation where new species evolve from existing ones while in contact with the entire ecosystem. Allowing free mutations both in the genomes and the mutation rates, we find, in contrast to hierarchical models of fitness, the emergence of a metastable state of finite mutation rate and diversity.
Chivalric Poetry between Singing and Printing in Early Modern Italy
Creators: name: Degl'Innocenti, Luca
Publisher: name: Journal of Early Modern Studies
Year: 2018

description: Between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, chivalric romances were much loved in Italy, both in popular and in learned contexts, and were one of the bestselling genres in the nascent printed book trade. Although traditional blockbusters and brand-new poems alike typically refer to the oral performance of a poet-singer, literary scholars tend to evaluate those references as part of a rhetorical strategy of fictive orality, as literary clichés derived from a performing practice supposedly confined to earlier periods. Nevertheless, upon closer inspection, many authors and texts prove to be linked with real oral performances. Several chivalric poems, in particular, were surely composed, sung, and even improvised by street singers, who also played a very active role in printing and selling them. The paper aims to survey the most relevant evidence, thus reassessing the importance of orality in fostering and disseminating one of the prominent literary genres of Renaissance Italy
description: Journal of Early Modern Studies, Vol 7 (2018)
Dissonance in harmony: The UV/optical periodic outbursts of ASASSN-14ko exhibit repeated bumps and rebrightenings
Creators: name: Huang, Shifeng
name: Jiang, Ning
name: Shen, Rong-Feng
name: Wang, Tinggui
name: Sheng, Zhenfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ASASSN-14ko was identified as an abnormal periodic nuclear transient with a potential decreasing period. Its outbursts in the optical and UV bands have displayed a consistent and smooth "fast-rise and slow-decay" pattern since its discovery, which has recently experienced an unexpected alteration in the last two epochs, as revealed by our proposed high-cadence Swift observations. The new light curve profiles show a bump during the rising stages and a rebrightening during the declining stages, making them much broader and symmetrical than the previous ones. In the last two epochs, there is no significant difference in the X-ray spectral slope compared to the previous one, and its overall luminosity is lower than those of the previous epochs. The energy released in the early bump and rebrightening phases ($\sim10^{50}$ erg) could be due to collision of the stripped stream from partial tidal disruption events (pTDEs) with an expanded accretion disk. We also discussed other potential explanations, such as disk instability and star-disk collisions. Further high-cadence multi-wavelength observations of subsequent cycles are encouraged to comprehend the unique periodic source with its new intriguing features.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL, 10 pages, 6 figures
Ultrafast Generation of Pseudo-magnetic Field for Valley Excitons in WSe2 Monolayers
Creators: name: Kim, Jonghwan
name: Hong, Xiaoping
name: Jin, Chenhao
name: Shi, Su-Fei
name: Chang, Chih-Yuan S.
name: Chiu, Ming-Hui
name: Li, Lain-Jong
name: Wang, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new degree of freedom, the valley pseudospin, emerges in atomically thin two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (MX2) and has attracted great scientific interest. The capability to manipulate the valley pseudospin, in analogy to the control of spin in spintronics, can open up exciting opportunities in valleytronics. Here we demonstrate that an ultrafast and ultrahigh valley pseudomagnetic field can be generated using circularly polarized femtosecond pulses to selectively control the valley degree of freedom in monolayer MX2. Employing ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, we observed a pure and valley-selective optical Stark effect in WSe2 monolayers from the non-resonant pump, which instantaneously lift the degeneracy of valley exciton transitions without any dissipation. The strength of the optical Stark effect scales linearly with both the pump intensity and the inverse of pump detuning. An energy splitting more than 10 meV between the K and K_prime valley transitions can be achieved, which corresponds to an effective pseudomagnetic field over 170 Tesla. Our study demonstrates efficient and ultrafast control of the valley excitons with optical light, and opens up the possibility to coherent manipulate the valley polarization for quantum information applications.
Die bioethischen Herausforderungen für den modernen Menschen in der Sicht des Dokumentes der polnischen Bischofskonferenz
Creators: name: Podzielny, Janusz
Publisher: name: Forum Katholische Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Forum Katholische Theologie, Bd. 29 Nr. 4 (2013): Forum Katholische Theologie, Band 29, Heft 4
On an extension of a question of Baker
Creators: name: Gun, Sanoli
name: Kandhil, Neelam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J72, 11J86, 11M06, 11M20

description: It is an open question of Baker whether the numbers $L(1, χ)$ for non-trivial Dirichlet characters $χ$ with period $q$ are linearly independent over $\mathbb{Q}$. The best known result is due to Baker, Birch and Wirsing which affirms this when $q$ is co-prime to $φ(q)$. In this article, we extend their result to any arbitrary family of moduli. More precisely, for a positive integer $q$, let $X_q$ denote the set of all $L(1,χ)$ values as $χ$ varies over non-trivial Dirichlet characters with period $q$. Then for any finite set of pairwise co-prime natural numbers $q_i, 1\le i \le \ell$ with $(q_1 \cdots q_{\ell}, ~φ(q_1)\cdots φ(q_{\ell}))=1$, we show that the set $X_{q_1} \cup \cdots \cup X_{q_l}$ is linearly independent over $\mathbb{Q}$. In the process, we also extend a result of Okada about linear independence of the cotangent values over $\mathbb{Q}$ as well as a result of Murty-Murty about $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ linear independence of such $L(1, χ)$ values. Finally, we prove $\mathbb{Q}$ linear independence of such $L$ values of Erdösian functions with distinct prime periods $p_i$ for $1\le i \le \ell$ with $(p_1 \cdots p_{\ell}, ~ φ( p_1\cdots p_{\ell}) )= 1$.
description: 13 pages
Der verantwortungsvolle Umgang mit der schmerzlichen Realität der wiederverheirateten geschiedenen Gläubigen
Creators: name: Braun, Karl
Publisher: name: Forum Katholische Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Forum Katholische Theologie, Bd. 29 Nr. 4 (2013): Forum Katholische Theologie, Band 29, Heft 4
‘Parole appiastricciate’: The Question of Recitation in the Tasso-Ariosto Polemic
Creators: name: Geekie, Christopher
Publisher: name: Journal of Early Modern Studies
Year: 2018

description: The article explores issues of reading and recitation in the literary polemic surrounding Torquato Tasso’s epic poem Gerusalemme liberata (1581). This controversy emerged as the result of competing claims regarding the identification of the modern vernacular heir to the epic works of Antiquity, with two separate camps arguing for either Tasso’s poem or Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando furioso (1532). Writing against Tasso was the Florentine Academy of the Crusca, who claimed that Tasso’s poem was difficult to understand during recitation due to seemingly nonsensical phrases which they termed parole appiastricciate, ‘mashed-up words’. Through an analysis of the discourse surrounding these words, the essay investigates competing manners of reciting poetry as they are described by both the Crusca and Tasso’s supporters. It argues that the Crusca employed, and vehemently defended, a particular manner of recitation derived primarily from the poem’s meter; by contrast, Tasso’s supporters emphasized attention to the phonetic texture of the verse produced by the interrelationship of individual sounds. By comparing these different positions and investigating the structure of the parole appiastricciate themselves, the article suggests that Tasso’s poem, and the controversry surrounding its form and structure, offer an important perspective on changing literary tastes in late sixteenth-century Italy.
description: Journal of Early Modern Studies, Vol 7 (2018)
Near-field-scattering-based optical control and Brillouin optomechanics in optical microresonators
Creators: name: Svela, Andreas Øverlie
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Resonance is a powerful effect that occurs throughout nature. For example, the effect is key to the excitement of playground swings and it underpins technologies ranging from musical instruments to atomic clocks. In optics, microresonators are extensively used to provide such enhancement and are employed in a number of areas including sensing, metrology, optomechanics, and quantum optics to name a few prominent examples. This thesis comprises two main parts. One part expands the optical microresonator control toolbox by demonstrating suppression of backscattering. The other part uses a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator for resonant enhancement of a Brillouin optomechanical interaction to prepare and characterise non-Gaussian mechanical states. The first part explores a technique for coherently controlling backscattering in microresonators by introducing a sub-wavelength-size scatterer within the near field of the resonator. The scatterer's position determines the phase and amplitude of the induced backscattering, and by tuning its position, destructive interference between the induced and intrinsic backscattering can reduce unwanted optical back reflections. The presented experiment demonstrates a suppression exceeding 34dB of the intrinsic backscattering level, limited by photodetector noise. The technique can be applied to experiments where backscattering is currently limiting performance, such as optical gyroscopes. The second part of this thesis presents an experiment preparing non-Gaussian states of mechanical motion via heralded single- and double-phonon subtraction from a laser-cooled thermal mechanical state. The experiment utilises a combination of single-photon detection for heralded state-preparation, and heterodyne detection for verification and characterisation of the prepared states. The work advances the state of the art for optics-based tomography of mechanical states by showing more than one order of magnitude improvement in the s-parameter, which captures the effects of measurement inefficiencies and added noise in tomography and state reconstruction experiments. Further improving the measurement efficiency provides a path towards tomography of non-classical mechanical states via optomechanics.
ZrOsSi: A $Z_2$ topological metal with a superconducting ground state
Creators: name: Ghosh, S. K.
name: Li, B.
name: Xu, C.
name: Hillier, A. D.
name: Biswas, P. K.
name: Xu, X.
name: Shiroka, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The silicide superconductors (Ta, Nb, Zr)OsSi are among the best candidate materials for investigating the interplay of topological order and superconductivity. Here, we investigate in detail the normal-state topological properties of (Ta, Nb, Zr)OsSi, focusing on ZrOsSi, by employing a combination of $^{29}$Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements and first-principles band-structure calculations. We show that, while (Ta, Nb)OsSi behave as almost ideal metals, characterized by weak electronic correlations and a relatively low density of states, the replacement of Ta (or Nb) with Zr expands the crystal lattice and shifts ZrOsSi towards an insulator. Our ab initio calculations indicate that ZrOsSi is a $Z_2$ topological metal with clear surface Dirac cones and properties similar to a doped strong topological insulator.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Animated Pulpits: On Performative Preaching in Seventeenth-Century Naples
Creators: name: Megale, Teresa
Publisher: name: Journal of Early Modern Studies
Year: 2018

description: The article foregrounds a number of cases of performative preaching in Naples under Spanish rule with particular attention to the specific form of competition between preachers and professional actors. In the churches and streets of the city, preaching was ever present, nourished by a mix of theatre and sacred oratory, a near realisation of the concept of théâtre sur le théâtre. Examples of this phenomenon are to be found in the cultural transformation of certain actors and impresarios into hypocritical, bigoted preachers and the dazzling voice of Giacomo Lubrano, the Jesuit poet, who created the rhetorical machinery of Neapolitan-style preaching.
description: Journal of Early Modern Studies, Vol 7 (2018)
Luci e ombre della Convenzione di Nicosia
Creators: name: Scovazzi, Tullio
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2022
Subjects: Council of Europe
Offences against cultural property
Uniform law
International cooperation in criminal matters
Reservations

description: The Council of Europe Convention on Offences Relating to Cultural Property (Nicosia, 2017), which is today in force for six States, aims to establish a uniform regime in a field where the prevention and suppression of the main crimes (illegal trafficking and destruction) presents several difficulties. In fact, the different attitude of States, including European States, as regards cultural property has its consequences also in criminal matters, depending on whether domestic legislation understands cultural property as the expression of the spiritual and cultural identity of a nation or as goods freely circulating in markets. As a result, the Nicosia Convention, together with provisions that establish uniform types of crimes and enhance cooperation in criminal matters among States parties, allows Parties to cast reservations that essentially nullify some of its main obligations and contains some provisions that seem inadequate to ensure a sufficient deterrent effect.
description: La Convenzione del Consiglio d’Europa sui reati relativi ai beni culturali (Nicosia, 2017), oggi in vigore per sei Stati, si propone instaurare un regime uniforme in materia penale in un settore dove la prevenzione e repressione dei principali reati (traffico illegale e distruzione) presenta particolari difficoltà. In realtà, si riflette anche in materia penale il diverso atteggiamento che hanno gli Stati (compresi gli Stati europei) in materia di beni culturali, a seconda che la propria legislazione intenda prevalentemente tali beni come l’espressione dello spirito e dell’identità di una nazione oppure come merci liberamente circolanti sui mercati. Di conseguenza, la Convenzione di Nicosia, accanto a norme che prevedono tipi uniformi di reato e che favoriscono la cooperazione in materia penale tra gli Stati parte, ammette anche la possibilità di fare riserve che sostanzialmente vanificano alcune dei suoi principali obblighi e contiene alcune disposizioni insufficienti a garantire un adeguato effetto deterrente.
‘Donna il cui carme gli animi soggioga’: Eighteenth-Century Italian Women Improvisers
Creators: name: Giordano, Antonella
Publisher: name: Journal of Early Modern Studies
Year: 2018

description: The article, by way of the careers of two of the most famous eighteenth century Italian improvisers, Corilla Olimpica and Teresa Bandettini, investigates the way in which favourable socio-cultural circumstances allowed a number of Italian women living in the 18th century to make use of the widespread fashion of their time for extempore poetry to excel in an occupation, gaining success together with acceptance and advancement in society, thus taking one of the earliest steps forward in the history of women’s liberation.
description: Journal of Early Modern Studies, Vol 7 (2018)
Reading Aloud in Britain in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century: Theories and Beyond
Creators: name: Mullini, Roberta
Publisher: name: Journal of Early Modern Studies
Year: 2018

description: Thomas Sheridan, actor, theatre manager and elocutionist, had been dead for eleven years, when The Reader or Reciter was published, targeting those who had already followed Mr. Sheridan’s instructions about elocution and reading, but who still found themselves ‘deficient of that attractive power to engage the attention, and afford gratification to [themselves] and those who are [their] hearers’. The occasions for reading aloud evidently were still quite numerous if the anonymous author(s) of The Reader thought of publishing this Do-It-Yourself guide to shared reading. The article investigates the late eighteenth-century cultural milieu within which a booklet of this type was produced, mainly the elocution movement and its principal exponents, i.e. Sheridan himself and John Walker, and their theoretical production. Then a series of books are analysed, printed towards the end of the century in order to guide those people who wanted to practice reading aloud on the various occasions offered by genteel British society, in order to attain efficacious and pleasurable standards in their performances. The issue of the difference, if any, between communal reading and theatre is also taken into consideration
description: Journal of Early Modern Studies, Vol 7 (2018)
The effect of linear background rotational flows on magnetoacoustic modes of a photospheric magnetic flux tube
Creators: name: Skirvin, Samuel
name: Fedun, Viktor
name: Silva, Suzana
name: Van Doorsselaere, Tom
name: Claes, Niels
name: Goossens, Marcel
name: Verth, Gary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetoacoustic waves in solar magnetic flux tubes may be affected by the presence of background rotational flows. Here, we investigate the behaviour of $m=0$ and $m=\pm 1$ modes of a magnetic flux tube in the presence of linear background rotational flows embedded in a photospheric environment. We show that the inclusion of a background rotational flow is found to have little effect on the obtained eigensolutions for the axisymmetric $m=0$ sausage mode. However, solutions for the kink mode are dependent on the location of the flow resonance modified by the slow frequency. A background rotational flow causes the modified flow resonances to possess faster phase speeds in the thin-tube (TT) limit for the case $m=1$. This results in solutions for the slow body and slow surface kink modes to follow this trajectory, changing their dispersive behaviour. For a photospheric flux tube in the TT limit, we show that it becomes difficult to distinguish between the slow surface and fast surface kink ($m=1$) modes upon comparison of their eigenfunctions. 2D velocity field plots demonstrate how these waves, in the presence of background rotational flows, may appear in observational data. For slow body kink modes, a swirling pattern can be seen in the total pressure perturbation. Furthermore, the tube boundary undergoes a helical motion from the breaking of azimuthal symmetry, where the $m=1$ and $m=-1$ modes become out of phase, suggesting the resulting kink wave is circularly polarised. These results may have implications for seismology of magnetohydrodynamic waves in solar magnetic vortices.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of Effects of the reaching married adolescents program on modern contraceptive use and intimate partner violence: results of a cluster randomized controlled trial among married adolescent girls and their husbands in Dosso, Niger
Creators: name: Silverman, Jay G.
name: Brooks, Mohamad I.
name: Aliou, Sani
name: Johns, Nicole E.
name: Challa, Sneha
name: Nouhou, Abdoul Moumouni
name: Tomar, Shweta
name: Baker, Holly
name: Boyce, Sabrina C.
name: McDougal, Lotus
name: DeLong, Stephanie
name: Raj, Anita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Mixed-effects Poisson regression models assessing the effect of the RMA intervention on current modern family planning use among non-pregnant women. Stratified by baseline age and parity. Table S2. Mixed-effects Poisson regression models utilizing IPC weights assessing the effect of the RMA intervention on current modern family planning use among non-pregnant women. Table S3. Mixed-effects Poisson regression models assessing the effect of the RMA intervention on past year experiences of IPV. Stratified by baseline age and parity. Table S4. Mixed-effects Poisson regression models utilizing IPC weights assessing the effect of the RMA intervention on past year experiences of IPV.
Stories from different worlds in the universe of complex systems: A journey through microstructural dynamics and emergent behaviours in the human heart and financial markets
Creators: name: Ciacci, Alberto
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: A physical system is said to be complex if it exhibits unpredictable structures, patterns or regularities emerging from microstructural dynamics involving a large number of components. The study of complex systems, known as complexity science, is maturing into an independent and multidisciplinary area of research seeking to understand microscopic interactions and macroscopic emergence across a broad spectrum systems, such as the human brain and the economy, by combining specific modelling techniques, data analytics, statistics and computer simulations. In this dissertation we examine two different complex systems, the human heart and financial markets, and present various research projects addressing specific problems in these areas. Cardiac fibrillation is a diffuse pathology in which the periodic planar electrical conduction across the cardiac tissue is disrupted and replaced by fast and disorganised electrical waves. In spite of a century-long history of research, numerous debates and disputes on the mechanisms of cardiac fibrillation are still unresolved while the outcomes of clinical treatments remain far from satisfactory. In this dissertation we use cellular automata and mean-field models to qualitatively replicate the onset and maintenance of cardiac fibrillation from the interactions among neighboring cells and the underlying topology of the cardiac tissue. We use these models to study the transition from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation, the mechanisms through which the gap-junction enhancer drug Rotigaptide terminates cardiac fibrillation and how focal and circuital drivers of fibrillation may co-exist as projections of transmural electrical activities. Financial markets are hubs in which heterogeneous participants, such as humans and algorithms, adopt different strategic behaviors to exchange financial assets. In recent decades the widespread adoption of algorithmic trading, the electronification of financial transactions, the increased competition among trading venues and the use of sophisticated financial instruments drove the transformation of financial markets into a global and interconnected complex system. In this thesis we introduce agent-based and state-space models to describe specific microstructural dynamics in the stock and foreign exchange markets. We use these models to replicate the emergence of cross-currency correlations from the interactions between heterogeneous participants in the currency market and to disentangle the relationships between price fluctuations, market liquidity and demand/supply imbalances in the stock market.
ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads (Extended)
Creators: name: Li, Pengfei
name: Wei, Wenqing
name: Zhu, Rong
name: Ding, Bolin
name: Zhou, Jingren
name: Lu, Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For efficient query processing, DBMS query optimizers have for decades relied on delicate cardinality estimation methods. In this work, we propose an Attention-based LEarned Cardinality Estimator (ALECE for short) for SPJ queries. The core idea is to discover the implicit relationships between queries and underlying dynamic data using attention mechanisms in ALECE's two modules that are built on top of carefully designed featurizations for data and queries. In particular, from all attributes in the database, the data-encoder module obtains organic and learnable aggregations which implicitly represent correlations among the attributes, whereas the query-analyzer module builds a bridge between the query featurizations and the data aggregations to predict the query's cardinality. We experimentally evaluate ALECE on multiple dynamic workloads. The results show that ALECE enables PostgreSQL's optimizer to achieve nearly optimal performance, clearly outperforming its built-in cardinality estimator and other alternatives.
description: VLDB 2024
SPOT: Secure and Privacy-preserving prOximiTy protocol for e-healthcare systems
Creators: name: Masmoudi, Souha
name: Kaaniche, Nesrine
name: Laurent, Maryline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces SPOT, a Secure and Privacy-preserving prOximity based protocol for e-healthcare systems. It relies on a distributed proxy-based approach to preserve users' privacy and a semi-trusted computing server to ensure data consistency and integrity. The proposed protocol ensures a balance between security, privacy and scalability. As far as we know, in terms of security, SPOT is the first one to prevent malicious users from colluding and generating false positives. In terms of privacy, SPOT supports both anonymity of users being in proximity of infected people and unlinkability of contact information issued by the same user. A concrete construction based on structure-preserving signatures and NIWI proofs is proposed and a detailed security and privacy analysis proves that SPOT is secure under standard assumptions. In terms of scalability, SPOT's procedures and algorithms are implemented to show its efficiency and practical usability with acceptable computation and communication overhead.
description: 15 pages
The Fundamental Plane of massive quiescent galaxies out to z~2
Creators: name: van de Sande, Jesse
name: Kriek, Mariska
name: Franx, Marijn
name: Bezanson, Rachel
name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fundamental Plane (FP) of early-type galaxies, relating the effective radius, velocity dispersion, and surface brightness, has long been recognized as a unique tool for analyzing galaxy structure and evolution. With the discovery of distant quiescent galaxies and the introduction of high sensitivity near-infrared spectrographs, it is now possible to explore the FP out to z~2. In this Letter we study the evolution of the FP out to z~2 using kinematic measurements of massive quiescent galaxies ($M_{*}>10^{11} M_{\odot}$). We find preliminary evidence for the existence of an FP out to z~2. The scatter of the FP, however, increases from z~0 to z~2, even when taking into account the larger measurement uncertainties at higher redshifts. We find a strong evolution of the zero point from z~2 to z~0: $Δ\log_{10}M/L_g\propto(-0.49\pm0.03)~z$. In order to assess whether our spectroscopic sample is representative of the early-type galaxy population at all redshifts, we compare their rest-frame g-z colors with those from a larger mass complete sample of quiescent galaxies. At z>1 we find that the spectroscopic sample is bluer. We use the color offsets to estimate a mass-to-light ratio (M/L) correction. The implied FP zero point evolution after correction is significantly smaller: $Δ\log_{10}M/L_g\propto(-0.39\pm 0.02)~z$. This is consistent with an apparent formation redshift of $z_{\rm{form}}=6.62^{+3.19}_{-1.44}$ for the underlying population, ignoring the effects of progenitor bias. A more complete spectroscopic sample is required at z~2 to properly measure the M/L evolution from the FP evolution.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Causal impacts of transport interventions on air quality
Creators: name: Ma, Liang
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: The transport sector is one of the main sources of air pollution emissions, particularly for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. Evaluating the effectiveness of transport interventions on improving air quality is essential to informing future policy. However, a comparison of air quality observations before and after an intervention can be biased by various factors, such as weather conditions and seasonality effects. Causal inference methods generally have advantages in intervention evaluation in terms of data requirements, model building, and the interpretation of effect estimates. Causality goes beyond statistical association in the sense that it seeks to measure the net effect of an intervention on an outcome through all possible pathways directing from the intervention to the outcome. Causal inference methods have been applied to address the same question, however, the important confounders (such as weather conditions) are commonly controlled for by including variables in the causal inference model and assuming a parametric relationship. The thesis focuses on understanding the causal impacts of transport interventions on air quality. A novel ex-post policy evaluation framework, combining meteorological normalisation, change point detection, and causal inferencing, is proposed to overcome the limitations of previous approaches, and it is applied to three distinct transport interventions: improving public transport supply (Jubilee Line Extension), tightening road traffic emission standards (London Ultra Low Emission Zone), and restricting both transport activities and supply (COVID-19 lockdown). The Jubilee Line extension led to only small (< 1%) or insignificant changes in air pollution on average in London. The Ultra Low Emission Zone showed an average reduction of less than 3% for NO2 concentrations and insignificant effects on O3 and PM2.5 concentrations. The lockdown reduced the NO2 concentrations in London by less than 12% on average, and it had an insignificant effect on O3, PM10, and PM2.5. Therefore, the empirical results of the thesis consistently highlight the necessity of a multi-faceted set of policies that aim to reduce emissions across sectors with coordination among local, regional, and national government in order to achieve long-term improvements in air quality in cities.
I don’t feel no ways tired: racial battle fatigue among Black female higher education faculty and administrators
Creators: name: Nicholson, Wendy Michelle
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2024

description: Historically, Black women in America have been treated as exotic creatures, used as “work horses,” have been forced to reproduce more and future workers, and continue to be relegated to the lowest levels of existence. While these experiences occur in all sectors of society, little research has been conducted that explores the lived experiences of Black females in higher education leadership, as told by them. Using Critical Race Theory, Racial Battle Fatigue (RBF), and Intersectionality as theoretical frameworks, this qualitative study explores the ways, if any, in which Black female higher education faculty and administrators experience RBF in the academy. This research also seeks to understand how RBF influences their career trajectories and how they protect themselves against gendered racism. Based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews and utilizing thematic and narrative analyses, several themes and findings emerged. They indicate that Black women suffer both overt and subtle, race and gender specific issues, including inter- and intra-racial power dynamics, invisibility and hyper-visibility among many other acts of bias and discrimination, which align with the results of extant research. Synthesis of participant interviews, findings, and themes provided recommendations for public administration and higher education, and future research.
Adaptive Hypothesis Testing Using Wavelets
Creators: name: Spokoiny, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: signal detection
subject: minimax hypothesis testing
subject: nonparametric alternative
subject: error probabilities
subject: wavelet decomposition
subject: thresholding
subject: adaptive test
subject: 62G10
subject: 62G20

description: The present paper continues studying the problem of minimax nonparametric hypothesis testing started in Lepski and Spokoiny (1995). The null hypothesis assumes that the function observed with a noise is identically zero i.e. no signal is present. The alternative is composite and minimax: the function is assumed to be separated away from zero in an integral (L2-) norm and also to possess some smoothness properties. The minimax rate of testing for this problem was evaluated by Ingster for the case of Sobolev smoothness classes. Then this problem was studied by Lepski and Spokoiny in the sutiation of an alternative with inhomogeneous smoothness properties that leads to considering Besov smoothness classes. But for both cases the optimal rate and the structure of optimal (in rate) tests depends on smoothness parameters which are usually unknown in practical applications. In this paper the problem of adaptive (assumption free) testing is considered. It is shown that the adaptation without loss of efficiency is impossible. An extra (log log)-factor is nonsignificant but unavoidable payment for the adaptation. A simple adaptive test based on wavelet technique is constructed which is nearly minimax for a wide range of Besov classes.
Low carbon power generation from the combination of natural gas, biomass and CCS
Creators: name: Cumicheo Melgarejo, Maria Constanza
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The transition from coal to natural gas is a key element of the decarbonisation of the global economy. The fact that natural gas supports renewables in terms of electricity generation and even storage is influencing long term energy policy to an affordable power decarbonisation. Therefore, the role that natural gas will play might be crucial if carbon capture and storage (CCS) or biomass is to be implemented into the power system. This work aims to find a holistic solution for the combination of gas, biomass and CCS in terms of cost and emissions. Three configurations were studied; Biomass Integrated Combined Cycle (BIGCC), Hydrogen Thermal Combined Cycle (HTCC) and Externally Fired (EF). The potential of each process to capture CO2 was calculated as well as the likelihood of achieving carbon neutral or negative emissions at a certain cost. Finally the main parameters influencing the net emissions and cost were identified through a global sensitivity analysis. Key conclusions from the work are the following: (1) With a reasonable biomass blending rate (16% to 47%) it is possible to achieve neutral emissions. (2) Biomass and CCS systems always will deliver negative emissions, if biomass supply chain CO2 emissions are lower than 900 kg/tBM and capture rate higher than 50%. (3) Biomass combustion with CCS (EFccs100) has a higher probability of capturing more than a tonne of CO2 per MWh. (4) Capacity factor was a common key parameter among technologies. (5) All configurations with more than 50% blending had a 67% likelihood of reaching costs lower than $100/tCO2av (6) If the whole BECCS CO2 emissions are considered, i.e., including supply chain emissions, instead of the single power plant CO2 emissions, there will be c.50% increase in the median cost of CO2 removed ($/tCO2 ).
Fusion systematics for weakly bound nuclei using neutron flow and collective degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Appannababu, S.
name: Parkar, V. V.
name: Jha, V.
name: Kailas, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic analysis of the fusion cross sections around the Coulomb barrier energies with stable weakly bound ($^{6}$Li,$^{7}$Li,$^{9}$Be) and strongly bound $^{12}$C projectiles on various targets was performed by using neutron flow model and coupled channels approach. The analysis show that both the models are successful in explaining the near barrier fusion data. Further, it is also observed that the collective degrees of freedom as well as the neutron flow influence the near barrier fusion process involving weakly bound projectiles.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Spin noise spectroscopy of optical light shifts
Creators: name: Delpy, Joseph
name: Liu, Shikang
name: Neveu, Pascal
name: Wu, E
name: Bretenaker, Fabien
name: Goldfarb, Fabienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light induced non-equilibrium spin noise spectroscopy is theoretically and experimentally shown to be an efficient technique to reveal the structure and the coherent effects in the probed transition. Indeed, using metastable helium, the spin noise spectrum is shown to exhibit a dual-peak structure around the Larmor frequency. This previously unobserved feature is due to the light shifts of the involved levels and strongly depends on the probe power, detuning, and polarization orientation. Both numerical and analytical models reproduce very well the details of the split spin noise spectra: this technique thus allows a simple and direct measurement of the light shifts, and its polarization dependence permits to reveal the level structure in a non ambiguous manner.
Kreiml, Josef / Stark, Thomas H. / Stickelbroeck, Michael (Hg.): Weg Wahrheit, Leben
Creators: name: Hauke, Manfred
Publisher: name: Forum Katholische Theologie
Year: 1970

description: Forum Katholische Theologie, Bd. 29 Nr. 3 (2013): Forum Katholische Theologie, Band 29, Heft 3
Quasidisorder Induced Topology
Creators: name: Madeira, M. F.
name: Sacramento, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of quasidisorder and Anderson disorder on a two dimensional topological superconductor with an applied external magnetic field. The cases of a $p$-wave superconductor and a noncentrosymmetric superconductor with mixed $p$ and $s$-wave pairings and Rashba spin-orbit coupling are studied. We show that, for a perpendicular magnetic field, the introduction of quasidisorder leads to the appearance of topological phases in new regions, characterised by an integer value of the Chern number. For a parallel magnetic field, we identify regimes with the appearance of new Majorana flat bands and also new unidirectional Majorana edge states, as quasidisorder is introduced. We show that the Majorana flat bands have a quantized Berry phase of $π$ and identify it as a topological invariant. Two topological transitions are identified and the values of the critical exponents $z$ and $ν$ are obtained. The fractal nature of the eigenstates is discussed both for Anderson disorder and Aubry-André disorder.
description: 23 pages, 27 figures. Accepted for publication in The Physical Review B
"Approximate approximations" and the cubature of potentials
Creators: name: Maz´Ya, Vladimir
name: Schmidt, Gunther
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Multivariate quasi-interpolation
subject: Cubature formulas
subject: Harmonic
subject: elastic
subject: diffraction potentials
subject: 41A55
subject: 41A63
subject: 65D32

description: The paper discusses new cubature formulas for classical integral operators of mathematical physics based on the "approximate approximation" of the density with Gaussian and related functions. We derive formulas for the cubature of harmonic, elastic and diffraction potentials approximating with high order in some range relevant for numerical computations. We prove error estimates and provide numerical results for the Newton potential.
title: Αειφορική ανάπτυξη και νέες τεχνολογίες: η περίπτωση των ανανεώσιμων πηγών ενέργειας
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Κοψαχείλη, Μαρία
Publisher: name: University of Thessaly
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: ΒΙΩΣΙΜΗ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ
subject: ΑΝΑΝΕΩΣΙΜΕΣ ΠΗΓΕΣ ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑΣ
subject: ΠΗΓΕΣ ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑΣ -- ΕΡΕΥΝΑ

description: Σημείωση: διατίθεται συμπληρωματικό υλικό σε ξεχωριστό αρχείο.
The Greek coastal cities: a multiple factor analysis of their spatial dynamics: 1960-2010
Creators: name: Παπαϊωάννου, Φίλιππος
Publisher: name: University of Thessaly
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: ΠΑΡΑΚΤΙΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΕΣ -- ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗ -- ΕΛΛΑΔΑ
subject: ΠΑΡΑΚΤΙΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΕΣ -- ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗ -- ΜΕΣΟΓΕΙΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ ΤΗΣ
subject: ΠΑΡΑΚΤΙΑ ΖΩΝΗ -- ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗ -- ΕΛΛΑΔΑ

description: Σημείωση: διατίθεται συμπληρωματικό υλικό σε ξεχωριστό αρχείο.
Additional file 1 of Infection prevention and control for COVID-19 response in the Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh: an intra-action review
Creators: name: Apolot, Rebecca Racheal
name: Kaddu, Simon Ssentamu
name: Evers, Egmond Samir
name: Debashish, Paul
name: Mowla, S. M. Niaz
name: Ahmed, Sabbir
name: Das, Aritra
name: Bhuiyan, Abu Toha M. R. H.
name: Rahman, Md Mahbubur
name: Barua, Anupam
name: Maina, Allen Gidraf Kahindo
name: Sultan, Murad
name: Nyawara, Marsela
name: Willet, Victoria
name: Von Harbou, Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.