cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary document for Miniaturized computational spectrometer based on two-photon absorption - 6862353.pdf
Creators: name: Guo, Xuhan
name: zhao, yaotian
name: Xiang, Jinlong
name: ZHAO, Zhenyu
name: Zhang, Yujia
name: Liu, Jia
name: Chen, Daigao
name: Xiao, Xi
name: Su, Yikai
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary document
$NN \to NN π$ reaction near threshold in a covariant one-boson-exchange model
Creators: name: Shyam, R.
name: Mosel, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the cross sections for the $p(p,nπ^{+})p$ and $p(p,pπ^{0})p$ reactions for proton beam energies near threshold in a covariant one-boson-exchange model, which incorporates the exchange of $π$, $ρ$, $σ$ and $ω$ mesons and treats both nucleon and delta isobar as intermediate states. The final state interaction effects have also been included. The $ω$ meson exchange is found to contribute significantly at these energies, which, along with other meson exchanges, provides an excellent agreement with the data. The cross sections at beam energies $\leq$ 300 MeV are almost free from the contributions of the $Δ$ isobar excitation.
description: Latex file, 11 pages, 3 postscript figures
Examples of noncompact nonpositively curved manifolds
Creators: name: Avramidi, Grigori
name: Phan, T. Tam Nguyen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a simple construction of new, complete, finite volume manifolds $M$ of bounded, nonpositive curvature. These manifolds have ends that look like a mixture of locally symmetric ends of different ranks and their fundamental groups are not duality groups.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
On the left tail asymptotics for the limit law of supercritical Galton--Watson processes in the Böttcher case
Creators: name: Fleischmann, Klaus
name: Wachtel, Vitali
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Lower deviation probabilities
subject: Schröder case
subject: Böttcher case
subject: logarithmic asymptotics
subject: fine asymptotics
subject: precise asymptotics
subject: tiny oscillations
subject: 60J80
subject: 60F10

description: Under a well-known scaling, supercritical Galton-Watson processes $Z$ converge to a non-degenerate non-negative random limit variable $W.$ We are dealing with the left tail (i.e. lose to the origin) asymptotics of its law. In the Bötcher case (i.e. if always at least two offspring are born), we describe the precise asymptotics exposing tiny oscillations (Theorem 1). Under a reasonable additional assumption, the oscillations disappear (Corollary 2). Also in the Böttcher case, we improve a recent lower deviation probability result by describing the precise asymptotics under a logarithmic scaling (Theorem 3). Under additional assumptions, we even get the fine (i.e. without log-scaling) asymptotics (Theorem 4).
Application decomposition and optimization for function as a service
Creators: name: Zhu, Lulai
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Function as a service (FaaS) is a new cloud computing paradigm that realizes the idea of serverless. In the FaaS paradigm, an application is built of stateless functions whose resources are provisioned and managed by the cloud provider in place of their owner. FaaS saves operating costs, reduces management effort, enables seamless scalability and augments development productivity, compared to traditional cloud computing paradigms such as infrastructure as a service and platform as a service. Despite these benefits, three challenges often arise as obstacles to software vendors taking advantage of the FaaS paradigm and relevant technologies: migration of a monolith to the serverless architecture, cost optimization of serverless applications and performance modeling of FaaS-oriented frameworks. To address the first challenge, we propose a semi-automatic approach, RADF, for decomposing the architecture of a monolithic application. RADF divides the entire decomposition process into two stages, namely coarse- and fine-grained decompositions. The former identifies candidate microservices through interface analysis, while the latter composes the identified microservices with serverless functions. RADF has been compared with other approaches in the literature, leading to a decomposition solution better than the available baselines. To tackle the second challenge, a model-driven approach called RDOF is proposed for optimizing the deployment of a serverless application. RDOF predicts the performance of an application by instantiating a layered queueing network, and searches for the optimal configuration by running a genetic algorithm. We have demonstrated the applicability of RDOF on Amazon Web Services, which is now the most popular public cloud platform as to serverless computing. RDOF may also be extended to Google Cloud. The third part of the thesis focuses on closed queueing networks (QNs) with discriminatory processor sharing (DPS), which are found useful for modeling the performance of the OpenFaaS framework. Specifically, we propose a fluid approach to transient and steady-state analysis of closed QNs consisting of delay and DPS stations. This approach is as accurate as the state of the art for steady-state analysis. A refined method for approximating response time distributions through transient analysis is further introduced. It outperforms prior work in handling non-exponentially distributed service times.
Licensing in the chemical industry
Creators: name: Arora, Ashish
name: Fosfuri, Andrea
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: A patent confers on the patentee the right to exclude others from the use of the knowledge that the patent covers. Patents, however, are not the only feasible way to reach exclusiveness and other economic means might be used as well. Indeed, the alternatives are often thought to be more effective at enabling the inventor to benefit from the innovation than patenting itself (Levin et al., 1987; Cohen et al., 1996). The instrument of exclusion is, however, not a matter of indifference for society. The way in which patents are used (or not used) affects the evolution of the industrial structure and the technology itself. Specifically, unlike such alternatives as lead time, first mover advantage and secrecy, patents can be used to sell technology, typically through license contracts. Simply put, patents can play a key role in facilitating the purchase and sale of technology. This essay moves beyond the traditional approach to patents that has mainly focused on patents as means to exclude others and highlights the role of the market for technology. A market for technology not only helps diffuse existing technology more efficiently, it also enables firms to specialize in the generation of new technology. In turn, such specialization is likely to hasten the pace of technological change itself. However, the development of a market for technology is not an automatic outcome, and depends upon a number of factors that include the strength of patent rights, as well as the nature of the technology and the industry structure itself.
Radiative corrections to the pressure and the one-loop polarization tensor of massless modes in SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics
Creators: name: Schwarz, Markus
name: Hofmann, Ralf
name: Giacosa, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the one-loop polarization tensor $Π$ for the on-shell, massless mode in a thermalized SU(2) Yang-Mills theory being in its deconfining phase. Postulating that SU(2)$_{\tiny{CMB}}\stackrel{\tiny{today}}=U(1)_Y$, we discuss $Π$'s effect on the low-momentum part of the black-body spectrum at temperatures $\sim 2... 4$ $T_{\tiny{CMB}}$ where $T_{\tiny{CMB}}\sim 2.73 $K. A table-top experiment is proposed to test the above postulate. As an application, we point out a possible connection with the stability of dilute, cold, and old innergalactic atomic hydrogen clouds. We also compute the two-loop correction to the pressure arising from the instantaneous massless mode in unitary-Coulomb gauge, which formerly was neglected, and present improved estimates for subdominant corrections.
description: 25 pages, 17 figs, v4: consequences of a modification of the evolution equation for the effectice coupling implemented, no qualitative change of the physics
Large time asymptotics of growth models on space-like paths II: PNG and parallel TASEP
Creators: name: Borodin, Alexei
name: Ferrari, Patrik
name: Sasamoto, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Simple exclusion process
subject: space-like universality
subject: KPZ class
subject: Airy processes
subject: 82C22
subject: 60K35
subject: 15A52

description: We consider the polynuclear growth (PNG) model in 1+1 dimension with flat initial condition and no extra constraints. The joint distributions of surface height at finitely many points at a fixed time moment are given as marginals of a signed determinantal point process. The long time scaling limit of the surface height is shown to coincide with the Airy$_1$ process. This result holds more generally for the observation points located along any space-like path in the space-time plane. We also obtain the corresponding results for the discrete time TASEP (totally asymmetric simple exclusion process) with parallel update.
Quadrupole and Hexadecapole Correlations in Rotating Nuclei Studied within the Single-j Shell Model
Creators: name: Magierski, P.
name: Burzynski, K.
name: Perlinska, E.
name: Dobaczewski, J.
name: Nazarewicz, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of quadrupole and hexadecapole residual interactions on rotational bands is investigated in a single-j shell model. An exact shell-model diagonalization of quadrupole-plus-hexadecapole interaction can sometimes produce a staggering of energy levels in the yrast bands.
description: 15 pages, 9 Postscript figures, REVTEX, to be published in PRC
Fast Bayesian experimental design: Laplace-based importance sampling for the expected information gain
Creators: name: Beck, Joakim
name: Dia, Ben Mansour
name: Espath, Luis FR
name: Long, Quan
name: Tempone, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62K05, 65N21, 65C60, 65C05

description: In calculating expected information gain in optimal Bayesian experimental design, the computation of the inner loop in the classical double-loop Monte Carlo requires a large number of samples and suffers from underflow if the number of samples is small. These drawbacks can be avoided by using an importance sampling approach. We present a computationally efficient method for optimal Bayesian experimental design that introduces importance sampling based on the Laplace method to the inner loop. We derive the optimal values for the method parameters in which the average computational cost is minimized according to the desired error tolerance. We use three numerical examples to demonstrate the computational efficiency of our method compared with the classical double-loop Monte Carlo, and a more recent single-loop Monte Carlo method that uses the Laplace method as an approximation of the return value of the inner loop. The first example is a scalar problem that is linear in the uncertain parameter. The second example is a nonlinear scalar problem. The third example deals with the optimal sensor placement for an electrical impedance tomography experiment to recover the fiber orientation in laminate composites.
description: 42 pages, 35 figures
X-Ray Observation of the L1157 Dark Cloud Region with ASCA
Creators: name: Furusho, T.
name: Yamasaki, N. Y.
name: Ohashi, T.
name: Saito, Y.
name: Voges, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ASCA observation of a region containing a Class 0 protostar, IRAS 20386+6751 in the L1157 dark cloud, has been carried out. The protostar was not detected, and the 95% upper limit to the luminosity depends on assumed Nh : Lx(0.5-10 keV) < 1.1e31 erg/s for Nh = 1e23 cm^-2. A Class I protostar in L1152, IRAS 20353+6742, in the same field was also undetected with the upper limit about three times as much as the L1157 level. Besides these non detections, nine new X-ray sources were detected and spectral analysis was performed for 4 sources. One object (AXJ 2038+6801) shows a hard spectrum with a temperature kT = 8 keV or a power-law photon index = 2.0 and absorbed with Nh = 2e22 cm^-2. Another fainter one (AXJ 2036+6800) has a soft spectrum with most of the emission falling below 2 keV. We examine possible nature of these new X-ray sources based on their spectral properties.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, Latex(PASJadd.sty, PASJ95.sty), accepted for publication in PASJ
Epistemological Building Blocks for AI Cognition
Creators: name: Nguyen, Phi Son
name: Ng, Mers
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This foundational paper proposes epistemological building blocks as fundamental units of knowledge for AI cognition. We define these blocks as the minimal perceptual and conceptual primitives (sensory schemas, categorical concepts, inferential relations, etc.) from which AI can construct richer knowledge. Drawing on philosophy of science and cognitive theory, we argue that an AI’s ability to understand and learn depends on grounding its symbols in sensory experience and organizing them into coherent structures. We situate this proposal against existing knowledge representation (symbolic vs. subsymbolic) and highlight how building-blocks frameworks (from Harnad’s symbol-grounding to hierarchical memory models) can unify these views. Our approach extends current AI by emphasizing intrinsic meaning: symbols must link to sensory prototypes and concepts (the “grounded” building blocks). We outline a method for constructing and integrating these blocks in an architecture, and suggest experiments (e.g. concept-learning tasks with minimal sensory inputs) to validate the framework. We expect that explicitly modeling these primitives will improve AI generalization and explainability. Finally, we discuss implications for cognitive architectures and point to how this builds on related work in embodied cognition and developmental learning.
Nonperturbative sum over topologies in 2D Lorentzian quantum gravity
Creators: name: Loll, R.
name: Westra, W.
name: Zohren, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent progress in the Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) approach to quantum gravity indicates that gravitation is nonperturbatively renormalizable. We review some of the latest results in 1+1 and 3+1 dimensions with special emphasis on the 1+1 model. In particular we discuss a nonperturbative implementation of the sum over topologies in the gravitational path integral in 1+1 dimensions. The dynamics of this model shows that the presence of infinitesimal wormholes leads to a decrease in the effective cosmological constant. Similar ideas have been considered in the past by Coleman and others in the formal setting of 4D Euclidean path integrals. A remarkable property of the model is that in the continuum limit we obtain a finite space-time density of microscopic wormholes without assuming fundamental discreteness. This shows that one can in principle make sense out of a gravitational path integral including a sum over topologies, provided one imposes suitable kinematical restrictions on the state-space that preserve large scale causality.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Talk given by S. Zohren at the Albert Einstein Century International Conference (Paris, July 18-22 2005)
South Korea's Nuclear-Energy Entanglements and the Timescales of Ecological Democracy
Creators: name: Kim, Nan
name: Fedman, David
Publisher: name: Cornell University Press
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Political anthropology--Philosophy
subject: History of contemporary events
subject: Radioactive wastes
subject: Deliberative democracy
subject: Korea (South)
subject: Space and time
subject: Nuclear energy
subject: Cultural property
subject: Ethics
subject: Earthquakes

description: In South Korea, two unexpected moderate earthquakes occurred in 2016, shortly after the
completion of Asia's first underground disposal center for low- and intermediate-level
radioactive waste. Though not causally related, this improbable convergence of circumstances
sheds new light upon contradictions surrounding the contingent futures of nuclear energy. Their
shared epicenter at Kyŏngju, in the country's southeastern region, heightened the irony surrounding
the fact that these events all took place in close proximity to Korea's most prominent UNESCO World
Heritage sites. What does the inheritance of an authoritarian-era nuclear-energy infrastructure
mean for contemporary democratic politics in the Anthropocene? This chapter analyzes key
controversies and political deliberations over nuclear-energy infrastructure in South Korea, where
the density of nuclear reactors is highest in the world. Given the radioactivity of some forms
of nuclear waste extends over millennia, this analysis explores how the more-than-human
timescales of nuclear-fuel cycles warrant an ethical framework of ecological democracy.
Rescaled stable generalised Fleming--Viot processes: Flickering random measures
Creators: name: Birkner, Matthias
name: Blath, Jochen
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Generalised Fleming-Viot process
subject: measure-valued diffusion
subject: tightness
subject: Skorohod topology
subject: lookdown construction
subject: wandering random measure
subject: path properties
subject: 60G57
subject: 60G17

description: We show how Donnelly and Kurtz' (modified) lookdown construction for measure-valued processes can be used to analyse the longterm- and scaling properties of spatially stable generalised $Lambda$-Fleming Viot processes, exhibiting a rare ``natural'' example of a scaling family converging in f.d.d. sense, but not in any of Skorohod's topologies on path space. This completes results of Fleischmann and Wachtel (2004) about the spatial Neveu process and complements results of Dawson and Hochberg (1982) about the classical Fleming Viot process. The lookdown construction provides an elegant machinery and clear intuition to describe the path properties of the family in terms of a ``flicker effect'', clarifying ``what can go wrong.''
The sign phase transition in the problem of interfering directed paths
Creators: name: Baldwin, C. L.
name: Laumann, C. R.
name: Spivak, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the statistical properties of interfering directed paths in disordered media. At long distance, the average sign of the sum over paths may tend to zero (sign-disordered) or remain finite (sign-ordered) depending on dimensionality and the concentration of negative scattering sites $x$. We show that in two dimensions the sign-ordered phase is unstable even for arbitrarily small $x$ by identifying rare destabilizing events. In three dimensions, we present strong evidence that there is a sign phase transition at a finite $x_c > 0$. These results have consequences for several different physical systems. In 2D insulators at low temperature, the variable range hopping magnetoresistance is always negative, while in 3D, it changes sign at the point of the sign phase transition. We also show that in the sign-disordered regime a small magnetic field may enhance superconductivity in a random system of D-wave superconducting grains embedded into a metallic matrix. Finally, the existence of the sign phase transition in 3D implies new features in the spin glass phase diagram at high temperature.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
On the inviscid limit of a model for crack propagation
Creators: name: Knees, Dorothee
name: Mielke, Alexander
name: Zanini, Chiara
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: rate-indepentent problems
subject: energetic formulation
subject: energy release rate
subject: Griffith fracture criterion
subject: vanishing viscosity method
subject: 49J40
subject: 74R10
subject: 49L25
subject: 35K90
subject: 74B20
subject: 74G65

description: We study the evolution of a single crack in an elastic body and assume that the crack path is known in advance. The motion of the crack tip is modeled as a rate-independent process on the basis of Griffith's local energy release rate criterion. According to this criterion, the system may stay in a local minimum before it performs a jump. The goal of this paper is to prove existence of such an evolution and to shed light on the discrepancy between the local energy release rate criterion and models which are based on a global stability criterion (as for example the Francfort/Marigo model). We construct solutions to the local model via the vanishing viscosity method and compare different notions of weak, local and global solutions.
Additional file 1 of Integrative taxonomy on the rare sky-island Ligidium species from southwest China (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Ligiidae)
Creators: name: Wang, Jin
name: Yang, Jingbo
name: Zeng, Xuegang
name: Li, Weichun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Description of the molecular sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis, including DNAnumber, taxon, collection locality and DDBJ/NCBI accession number.
HeFDI Data School Service Level Agreement
Creators: name: Trebels, Björn
name: Dähne, Judith
name: Uzun, Hüseyin
name: Werner, Stephanie
name: Schieberle, Andreas
name: Brand, Ortrun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Der informierte und organisierte Umgang mit Forschungsdaten nimmt zunehmend eine wichtige Rolle ein. Wie die Menge digitaler Daten stetig anwächst, so wachsen auch die Möglichkeiten, diese aufzubereiten, zu verknüpfen und zu analysieren. Gleichzeitig wird immer deutlicher, wie wichtig es ist, den Forschenden entsprechende qualitativ hochwertige Schulungsangebote bereitzustellen, die nur in wenigen Fällen umfassend lokal angeboten werden können. Daher ist das Ziel der HeFDI Data School, standortübergreifende Schulungsangebote zu schaffen und diese den Partnerhochschulen als föderierten Dienst zur Verfügung zu stellen. Durch die Kooperation mehrerer Standorte kann bei gleichbleibendem Ressourcenaufwand ein breiteres und tiefergehendes Kursangebot geschaffen werden. Die Angebote der HeFDI Data School umfassen allgemeine Einführungen und vertiefen wichtige Teilaspekte des Forschungsdatenmanagements, wie z.B. die Erstellung von Datenmanagementplänen oder auch rechtliche Aspekte wie Datenschutz oder Schutzrechte. Die Angebote der HeFDI Data School sind grundsätzlich als Online-Angebote ausgelegt, um einen niedrigschwelligen Zugang für alle Forschenden aus Hessen zu ermöglichen.

Ziel des vorliegenden Service-Level-Agreements (SLA) ist es, eine klare Aufgabenteilung für den Betrieb der HeFDI Data School als föderierten Dienst zu formulieren. Es schafft Klarheit und Orientierung für alle Beteiligten. Das SLA richtet sich dabei grundsätzlich an zwei Zielgruppen:

•             Alle Akteur:innen, die im Rahmen von HeFDI aktiv sind und mit dem gemeinsamen Service der HeFDI Data School in Kontakt gelangen, können sich anhand des vorliegenden Service-Level-Agreements (SLA) darüber informieren, welche Aufgaben übernommen und geregelt werden müssen.

•             Andere Anbietende föderierter Dienste, wie beispielsweise FDM-Landesinitiativen, regionale Netzwerke oder Konsortien der Nationalen Forschungsdateninfrastruktur, können das SLA als Vorlage nutzen, um vergleichbare föderierte Dienste zu entwickeln.

Dieses SLA ist Ergebnis der Arbeit der Landesinitiative HeFDI, die in ihrer zweiten Projektphase von 2021 bis 2024 im Rahmen des Digitalpakts Hochschule durch das Hessische Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst finanziert wird. Die Federführung für HeFDI liegt bei der Philipps-Universität Marburg.
Transition from the Seniority to the Anharmonic Vibrator Regime in Nuclei
Creators: name: Bijker, R.
name: Frank, A.
name: Pittel, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent analysis of experimental energy systematics suggests that all collective nuclei fall into one of three classes -- seniority, anharmonic vibrational, or rotational -- with sharp phase transitions between them. We investigate the transition from the seniority to the anharmonic vibrator regime within a shell model framework involving a single large j-orbit. The calculations qualitatively reproduce the observed transitional behavior, both for U(5) like and O(6) like nuclei. They also confirm the preeminent role played by the neutron-proton interaction in producing the phase transition.
description: 9 pages with 2 tables, submitted to Physical Review C, November 1996
Tephritis vittipes Rondani 1868
Creators: name: Sforzi, Alessandra
name: Sommaggio, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tephritidae
Tephritis
Tephritis vittipes

description: Tephritis vittipes Rondani, 1868
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1868b: 30.
 TYPE LOCALITY: “ Mendoza (Alto del Molino) (Argentina)”.
 TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♂ syntype (double-mounted: fastened by a micro pin to a polyethylene foam block on a standard insect pin, missing head), 1 ♀ syntype (slightly mouldy, glued to the tip of a paper triangle) (MZUF: Box 72): Tephritis vittipes Rnd., Am. Mer. [= South America] / [no identification number].
 CURRENT STATUS: valid species, unplaced to genus of Tephritidae (Foote 1967: 58, Norrbom et al. 1999: 251).
 REMARKS: Rondani (1868b: 30) described both sexes of Tephritis vittipes without specifying either the number or the length of the specimens received from P. Strobel. We found two syntypes in this study.
description: Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 377, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621
MEDIA SUMMARY – JUDGMENT DELIVERED IN THESUPREME COURT OF APPEAL
Creators: name: Brits, Cameron
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 480402
subject: Family law
classificationCode: 480504
subject: Legal institutions (incl. courts and justice systems)
classificationCode: 480505
subject: Legal practice, lawyering and the legal profession

description: This entry provides a media summary of a significant judgment delivered by the Supreme Court of Appeal. The ruling addresses critical legal issues and provides clarity on important precedents within the jurisdiction. The judgment highlights the court's interpretation of applicable laws and its impact on future cases, reflecting the judiciary's role in upholding justice and the rule of law.Key elements of the judgment include an overview of the case background, the legal arguments presented by both parties, and the court's rationale in reaching its decision. The summary emphasizes the implications of the ruling for affected parties and the broader legal landscape. This document serves as a vital resource for legal professionals, scholars, and the public, offering insights into the workings of the appellate court and its influence on the legal system.
Glauber dynamics on hyperbolic graphs: Boundary conditions and mixing time
Creators: name: Bianchi, Alessandra
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Ising model
subject: Glauber dynamics
subject: hyperbolic graphs
subject: Dirichlet form
subject: spectral gap
subject: mixing time
subject: 82B20
subject: 82B43
subject: 82C80
subject: 60K35

description: We study a continuous time Glauber dynamics reversible with respect to the Ising model on hyperbolic graphs and analyze the effect of boundary conditions on the mixing time. Specifically, we consider the dynamics on an $n$-vertex ball of the hyperbolic graph $H(v,s)$, where $v$ is the number of neighbors of each vertex and $s$ is the number of sides of each face, conditioned on having $(+)$-boundary. If $v>4$, $s>3$ and for all low enough temperatures (phase coexistence region) we prove that the spectral gap of this dynamics is bounded below by a constant independent of $n$. This implies that the mixing time grows at most linearly in $n$, in contrast to the free boundary case where it is polynomial with exponent growing with the inverse temperature $b$. Such a result extends to hyperbolic graphs the work done by Martinelli, Sinclair and Weitz for the analogous system on regular tree graphs, and provides a further example of influence of the boundary condition on the mixing time.
Experimental and numerical model study of the limiting current in a channel flow cell with a circular electrode
Creators: name: Fuhrmann, Jürgen
name: Zhao, Hong
name: Holzbecher, Ekkehard
name: Langmach, Hartmut
name: Chojak, Malgorzata
name: Halseid, Rune
name: Jusys, Zenonas
name: Behm, Rolf Jürgen
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: limiting current
subject: Finite Volume Method
subject: boundary layer
subject: parameter estimation
subject: 35K20
subject: 65N99

description: We describe first measurement in a novel thin-layer channel flow cell designed for the investigation of heterogeneous electrocatalysis on porous catalysts. For the interpretation of the measurements, a macroscopic model for coupled species transport and reaction, which can be solved numerically, is feasible. In this paper, we focus on the limiting current. We compare numerical solutions of a macroscopic model to a generalization of a Leveque-type asymptotic estimate for circular electrodes, and to measurements obtained in the aforementioned flow cell. We establish, that on properly aligned meshes, the numerical method reproduces the asymptotic estimate. Furthermore, we demonstrate, that the measurements are partially performed in the sub-asymptotic regime, in which the boundary layer thickness exceeds the cell height. Using the inlet concentration and the diffusion coefficient from literature, we overestimate the limiting current. On the other hand, the use of fitted parameters leads to perfect agreement between model and experiment.
Flow of deformable droplets: discontinuous shear thinning and velocity oscillations
Creators: name: Foglino, M.
name: Morozov, A. N.
name: Henrich, O.
name: Marenduzzo, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the rheology of a suspension of soft deformable droplets subjected to a pressure-driven flow. Through computer simulations, we measure the apparent viscosity as a function of droplet concentration and pressure gradient, and provide evidence of a discontinuous shear thinning behaviour, which occurs at a concentration-dependent value of the forcing. We further show that this response is associated with a nonequilibrium transition between a `hard' (or less deformable) phase, which is nearly jammed and flows very slowly, and a `soft' (or more deformable) phase, which flows much more easily. The soft phase is characterised by flow-induced time dependent shape deformations and internal currents, which are virtually absent in the hard phase. Close to the transition, we find sustained oscillations in both the droplet and fluid velocities. Polydisperse systems show similar phenomenology but with a smoother transition, and less regular oscillations.
Leveraging Social Networks To Motivate Individuals to Reduce their Ecological Footprints
Creators: name: Mankoff, Jennifer
name: Matthews, Deanna
name: Fussell, Susan R.
name: Johnson, Michael
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: What role can social networking websites play in supporting large-scale group action and change? This paper proposes to explore their use in supporting individual reduction in personal energy consumption. Here, some existing uses of social networking on the web and propose an approach that integrates feedback about ecological footprint data into existing social networking sites and Internet portal sites are summarized. Integrating such feedback into popular, commonly used sites allows frequent feedback about performance, while enabling the exploration motivational schemes that leverage group membership. We propose to compare different motivational schemes in three ways: Reduction in CO2 emission; lifestyle changes; and ongoing use by users who join the site (retention).
Sub-shot-noise-limited phase estimation via SU(1,1) interferometer with thermal states
Creators: name: Ma, Xiaoping
name: You, Chenglong
name: Adhikari, Sushovit
name: Matekole, Elisha S.
name: Lee, Hwang
name: Dowling, Jonathan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the phase sensitivity of an SU(1,1) interferometer with a thermal state and squeezed vacuum state as inputs and parity detection as measurement. We find that phase sensitivity can beat the shot-noise limit and approaches the Heisenberg limit with increasing input photon number.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
6 Words & a Paper Supplement Prompt
Creators: name: Tyrell, Timothy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Philosophy of Mind
subject: Chinese Room
subject: Artificial Intelligence/legislation & jurisprudence
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Turing Test
subject: Pragmatics
subject: Symbol Manipulation
subject: Machine Understanding
subject: Epistemology
subject: Syntax and Semantics
subject: LLM

description: Supplement to 6 words to falsification
Trischistoma arenicola Sch. Stekhoven 1951
Creators: name: Zullini, Aldo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1978
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Enoplea
Enoplida
Trischistomatidae
Trischistoma
Trischistoma arenicola

description: 17. TRISCHISTOMA ARENICOLA (de Man 1880) Sch. Stekhoven 1951
 ♀: L = 0,95 mm; a 30, b 5,4; c 14; V 65 %.
Stazıone 3.
 Specie abbastanza comune, ad ampla distribuzione e di abitudini predatorie; uno dei due C C S CII] esemplari plari fã raccolti ccolti CO ïllî contiene i 611 € Il C I l U ncll`ultima lt i ma P 8. parte rte delﬁntestino un mastax di rotifero, probabilmente del genere Encentrum.
description: Published as part of Zullini, Aldo, 1978, Nematodi liberi dell'Isola di Tavolara (Sardegna), pp. 67-76 in ACCADEMIA NAZIONALE DEI XL Estratto dai Rendiconti III (V) on page 73, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10814862
Directed percolation with incubation times
Creators: name: Jimenez-Dalmaroni, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a model for directed percolation with a long-range temporal diffusion, while the spatial diffusion is kept short ranged. In an interpretation of directed percolation as an epidemic process, this non-Markovian modification can be understood as incubation times, which are distributed accordingly to a Levy distribution. We argue that the best approach to find the effective action for this problem is through a generalization of the Cardy-Sugar method, adding the non-Markovian features into the geometrical properties of the lattice. We formulate a field theory for this problem and renormalize it up to one loop in a perturbative expansion. We solve the various technical difficulties that the integrations possess by means of an asymptotic analysis of the divergences. We show the absence of field renormalization at one-loop order, and we argue that this would be the case to all orders in perturbation theory. Consequently, in addition to the characteristic scaling relations of directed percolation, we find a scaling relation valid for the critical exponents of this theory. In this universality class, the critical exponents vary continuously with the Levy parameter.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures. v.2: minor corrections
High-Resolution Spectroscopy from 3050 to 10000 A of the HDF-S QSO J2233-606 with UVES at the ESO VLT
Creators: name: Cristiani, S.
name: D'Odorico, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on high-resolution observations ($\Re \simeq 45000$) of the Hubble Deep Field South QSO J2233-606 obtained with the VLT UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES). We present spectral data for the wavelength region $3050 < λ< 10000$ Å. The $S/N$ ratio of the final spectrum is about 50 per resolution element at 4000 Å, 90 at 5000 Å, 80 at 6000 Å, 40 at 8000 Å. Redshifts, column densities and Doppler widths of the absorption features have been determined with Voigt-profile fitting. A total of 621 lines have been measured. In particular 270 Ly-alpha lines, 41 Ly-beta and 24 systems containing metal lines have been identified. Together with other data in the literature, the present spectrum confirms that the evolution of the number density of Ly-alpha lines with $\log N($\huno$) > 14$ has an upturn at $z \sim 1.4-1.6$.
description: 34 pages Latex, with 3 PostScript figures. Astronomical Journal, in press. A few revised upper limits
Additional file 2 of Integrative taxonomy on the rare sky-island Ligidium species from southwest China (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Ligiidae)
Creators: name: Wang, Jin
name: Yang, Jingbo
name: Zeng, Xuegang
name: Li, Weichun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Overview of localitieswhere Ligidium species have been recordedin this context.
Dual virtual element method in presence of an inclusion
Creators: name: Fumagalli, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a Darcy problem for saturated porous media written in dual formulation in presence of a fully immersed inclusion. The lowest order virtual element method is employ to derive the discrete approximation. In the present work we study the effect of cells with cuts on the numerical solution, able to geometrically handle in a more natural way the inclusion tips. The numerical results show the validity of the proposed approach.
Dual of Big-bang and Big-crunch
Creators: name: Bak, Dongsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the Janus solution and its gauge theory dual, we obtain the dual gauge theory description of the cosmological solution by procedure of the double anaytic continuation. The coupling is driven either to zero or to infinity at the big-bang and big-crunch singularities, which are shown to be related by the S-duality symmetry. In the dual Yang-Mills theory description, these are non singular at all as the coupling goes to zero in the N=4 Super Yang-Mills theory. The cosmological singularities simply signal the failure of the supergravity description of the full type IIB superstring theory.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, references added, minor corrections, further minor corrections, v4: some clarification and more details added
Diffraction of stochastic point sets: Exactly solvable examples
Creators: name: Baake, Michael
name: Birkner, Matthias
name: Moody, Robert V.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Diffraction
subject: stochastic point sets
subject: 60G55
subject: 60G57
subject: 78A45

description: Stochastic point sets are considered that display a diffraction spectrum of mixed type, with special emphasis on explicitly computable cases together with a unified approach of reasonable generality. Several pairs of autocorrelation and diffraction measures are discussed that show a duality structure that may be viewed as analogues of the Poisson summation formula for lattice Dirac combs.
On the unique solvability of a nonlocal phase separation problem for multicomponent systems
Creators: name: Griepentrog, Jens André
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nonlocal phase separation models; Cahn--Hilliard equation; Initial boundary value problems; Nonlinear evolution equations;Regularity theory
subject: 35K45
subject: 45K05
subject: 47J35
subject: 35D10

description: A nonlocal model of phase separation in multicomponent systems is presented. It is derived from conservation principles and minimization of free energy containing a nonlocal part due to particle interaction. In contrast to the classical Cahn--Hilliard theory with higher order terms this leads to an evolution system of second order parabolic equations for the particle densities, coupled by nonlinear and nonlocal drift terms, and state equations which involve both chemical and interaction potential differences. Applying fixed-point arguments and comparison principles we prove the existence of variational solutions in standard Hilbert spaces for evolution systems. Moreover, using some regularity theory for parabolic boundary value problems in Hoelder spaces we get the unique solvability of our problem. We conclude our considerations with the presentation of simulation results for a ternary system.
Exploratory X-ray Monitoring of Luminous Radio-Quiet Quasars at High Redshift: No Evidence for Evolution in X-ray Variability
Creators: name: Shemmer, Ohad
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Paolillo, Maurizio
name: Kaspi, Shai
name: Vignali, Cristian
name: Lira, Paulina
name: Schneider, Donald P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the second installment of an X-ray monitoring project of seven luminous radio-quiet quasars (RQQs). New {\sl Chandra} observations of four of these, at $4.10\leq z\leq4.35$, yield a total of six X-ray epochs, per source, with temporal baselines of $\sim850-1600$ days in the rest frame. These data provide the best X-ray light curves for RQQs at $z>4$, to date, enabling qualitative investigations of the X-ray variability behavior of such sources for the first time. On average, these sources follow the trend of decreasing variability amplitude with increasing luminosity, and there is no evidence for X-ray variability increasing toward higher redshifts, in contrast with earlier predictions of potential evolutionary scenarios. An ensemble variability structure function reveals that their variability level remains relatively flat across $\approx20 - 1000$ days in the rest frame and it is generally lower than that of three similarly luminous RQQs at $1.33\leq z\leq 2.74$ over the same temporal range. We discuss possible explanations for the increased variability of the lower-redshift subsample and, in particular, whether higher accretion rates play a leading role. Near-simultaneous optical monitoring of the sources at $4.10\leq z\leq 4.35$ indicates that none is variable on $\approx1$-day timescales, although flux variations of up to $\sim25$\% are observed on $\approx100$-day timescales, typical of RQQs at similar redshifts. Significant optical-X-ray spectral slope variations observed in two of these sources are consistent with the levels observed in luminous RQQs and are dominated by X-ray variations.
description: 11 pages (emulateapj), 4 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Asymptotic stability of continual sets of periodic solutions to systems with hysteresis
Creators: name: Brokate, Martin
name: Pokrovskii, Alexei
name: Rachinskii, Dmitri
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Hysteresis perturbations of ODE
subject: Preisach hysteresis nonlinearity
subject: periodic solutions
subject: stability
subject: 34C55
subject: 34D20
subject: 34D10

description: We consider hysteresis perturbations of the system of ODEs which has an asymptotically stable periodic solution $z_*$. It is proved that if the oscillation of the appropriate projection of $z_*$ is smaller than some threshold number defined by the hysteresis nonlinearity, then the perturbed system has a continuum of periodic solutions with a rather simple structure in a vicinity of $z_*$. The main result is the theorem on stability of this continuum.
Black hole entropy as entanglement entropy: a holographic derivation
Creators: name: Emparan, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility that black hole entropy be identified as entropy of entanglement across the horizon of the vacuum of a quantum field in the presence of the black hole. We argue that a recent proposal for computing entanglement entropy using AdS/CFT holography implies that black hole entropy can be exactly equated with entanglement entropy. The implementation of entanglement entropy in this context solves all the problems (such as cutoff dependence and the species problem) typically associated with this identification.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures. v2: relevant earlier reference added and discussed. v3: new section about connection to another notion of entanglement in AdS/CFT. Refs added, and