cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Use of Epinephrine in Patients with Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis: An Analysis of the Beijing Pharmacovigilance Database
Creators: name: Zhai, Suodi
name: Sun, Shusen
name: Xing, Yan
name: Wang, Tiansheng
name: Li, Xiaotong
name: Stürmer, Til
name: Tang, Huilin
name: Ma, Xiang
name: Zhang, Hua
name: Wang, Bin
name: Jiao, Ligong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Few studies assessing the use of epinephrine in drug-induced anaphylaxis (DIA) in the hospital setting are available. We utilized the Beijing Pharmacovigilance Database (BPD) to evaluate the appropriateness of epinephrine for DIA management.
Kähler-Ricci flow, Kähler-Einstein metric, and K-stability
Creators: name: Chen, Xiuxiong
name: Sun, Song
name: Wang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove the existence of Kahler-Einstein metric on a K-stable Fano manifold using the recent compactness result on Kahler-Ricci flows. The key ingredient is an algebro-geometric description of the asymptotic behavior of Kahler-Ricci flow on Fano manifolds. This is in turn based on a general finite dimensional discussion, which is interesting in its own and could potentially apply to other problems. As one application, we relate the asymptotics of the Calabi flow on a polarized Kahler manifold to K-stability assuming bounds on geometry.
On curvature squared terms in N = 2 supergravity
Creators: name: Kuzenko, Sergei M.
name: Novak, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the N = 2 supersymmetric completion of a scalar curvature squared term in a completely gauge independent form. We also elaborate on its component structure.
description: 15 pages; V2: 17 pages, typos corrected, discussion comments and acknowledgement added; V3: published version
The Orbital Architecture of Qatar-6: A Fully Aligned 3-Body System?
Creators: name: Rice, Malena
name: Wang, Songhu
name: Gerbig, Konstantin
name: Wang, Xian-Yu
name: Dai, Fei
name: Tyler, Dakotah
name: Isaacson, Howard
name: Howard, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolutionary history of an extrasolar system is, in part, fossilized through its planets' orbital orientations relative to the host star's spin axis. However, spin-orbit constraints for warm Jupiters -- particularly in binary star systems, which are amenable to a wide range of dynamical processes -- are relatively scarce. We report a measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, observed with the Keck/HIRES spectrograph, across the transit of Qatar-6 A b: a warm Jupiter orbiting one star within a binary system. From this measurement, we obtain a sky-projected spin-orbit angle $λ={0.1\pm2.6}^{\circ}$. Combining this new constraint with the stellar rotational velocity of Qatar-6 A that we measure from TESS photometry, we derive a true obliquity $ψ={21.82^{+8.86}_{-18.36}}^{\circ}$ -- consistent with near-exact alignment. We also leverage astrometric data from Gaia DR3 to show that the Qatar-6 binary star system is edge-on ($i_{B}={90.17^{+1.07}_{-1.06}}^{\circ}$), such that the stellar binary and the transiting exoplanet orbit exhibit line-of-sight orbit-orbit alignment. Ultimately, we demonstrate that all current constraints for the 3-body Qatar-6 system are consistent with both spin-orbit and orbit-orbit alignment. High-precision measurements of the projected stellar spin rate of the host star and the sky-plane geometry of the transit relative to the binary plane are required to conclusively verify the full 3D configuration of the system.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, accepted to AJ
Community-Based Interventions to Decrease Obesity and Tobacco Exposure and Reduce Health Care Costs: Outcome Estimates From Communities Putting Prevention to Work for 2010–2020
Creators: name: Orenstein, Diane
name: Kent, Charlotte K.
name: Payne, Rebecca
name: Haddix, Anne
name: Bunnell, Rebecca
name: Bradley, Christina
name: Holmes-Chavez, Amy
name: Honeycutt, Amanda
name: Gates, Suzi
name: Trogdon, Justin
name: Doyle, Nadine
name: O'Neil, Dara
name: Wile, Kristina
name: Brooks, Carolyn
name: Soler, Robin
name: Reimels, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: INTRODUCTION: In 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched Communities Putting Prevention to Work (CPPW), a $485 million program to reduce obesity, tobacco use, and exposure to secondhand smoke. CPPW awardees implemented evidence-based policy, systems, and environmental changes to sustain reductions in chronic disease risk factors. This article describes short-term and potential long-term benefits of the CPPW investment.

METHODS: We used a mixed-methods approach to estimate population reach and to simulate the effects of completed CPPW interventions through 2020. Each awardee developed a community action plan. We linked plan objectives to a common set of interventions across awardees and estimated population reach as an early indicator of impact. We used the Prevention Impacts Simulation Model (PRISM), a systems dynamics model of cardiovascular disease prevention, to simulate premature deaths, health care costs, and productivity losses averted from 2010 through 2020 attributable to CPPW.

RESULTS: Awardees completed 73% of their planned objectives. Sustained CPPW improvements may avert 14,000 premature deaths, $2.4 billion (in 2010 dollars) in discounted direct medical costs, and $9.5 billion (in 2010 dollars) in discounted lifetime and annual productivity losses through 2020.

CONCLUSION: PRISM results suggest that large investments in community preventive interventions, if sustained, could yield cost savings many times greater than the original investment over 10 to 20 years and avert 14,000 premature deaths.
Dynamic Cavitation Inception by Wave Propagation Across Solid-Fluid Interface with Varying Solid Surface Wettability
Creators: name: Kojima, Tomohisa
name: Inaba, Kazuaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems are important because they may induce serious damage to structures. In some FSI problems, the interaction mechanism is strongly dependent on the wave propagation across the solid-fluid interface. In this study, we attempted a quantitative evaluation of the effect of the solid surface wettability on the wave propagation across the solid-fluid interface with FSI in the case of longitudinal wave propagation vertically towards the interface. During the experiments, while the water was continuously compressed by the solid buffer motion, cavitation bubbles appeared being originated from the buffer-water interface as a result of the transmitted tensile wave propagating across the interface in a cycle. It was confirmed that interfacial boundary condition as wettability could change the wave transmission behavior owing to changes in the cavitation occurrence. It was also confirmed that the worse the wettability, the severer the cavitation intensity, and the greater the difference between the energy lost by the buffer and the energy stored in the water. Consequently, the effect of the cavitation inception on the wave propagation at the solid-fluid interface with FSI could be quantitatively evaluated by considering the energy transferred from the solid to the water.
Developing a Tool to Assess the Capacity of Out-of-School Time Program Providers to Implement Policy, Systems, and Environmental Change
Creators: name: Goetz, Joshua
name: Wiecha, Jean L.
name: Blitstein, Jonathan L.
name: Moore, Alexis
name: Tessman, Nell
name: Leeman, Jennifer
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: Little is known about public health practitioners' capacity to change policies, systems, or environments (PSEs), in part due to the absence of measures. To address this need, we partnered with the Alliance for a Healthier Generation (Alliance) to develop and test a theory-derived measure of the capacity of out-of-school time program providers to improve students' level of nutrition and physical activity through changes in PSEs.

COMMUNITY CONTEXT: The measure was developed and tested through an engaged partnership with staff working on the Alliance's Healthy Out-of-School Time (HOST) Initiative. In total, approximately 2,000 sites nationwide are engaged in the HOST Initiative, which serves predominantly high-need children and youths.

METHODS: We partnered with the Alliance to conduct formative work that would help develop a survey that assessed attitudes/beliefs, social norms, external resources/supports, and self-efficacy. The survey was administered to providers of out-of-school time programs who were implementing the Alliance's HOST Initiative.

OUTCOME: Survey respondents were 185 out-of-school time program providers (53% response rate). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 4-factor model that explained 44.7% of the variance. Factors pertained to perceptions of social norms (6 items) and self-efficacy to build support and engage a team (4 items) and create (5 items) and implement (3 items) an action plan.

INTERPRETATION: We report initial development and factor analysis of a tool that the Alliance can use to assess the capacity of after-school time program providers, which is critical to targeting capacity-building interventions and assessing their effectiveness. Study findings also will inform the development of measures to assess individual capacity to plan and implement other PSE interventions.
Additional file 4 of Survival and virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii in microbial mixtures
Creators: name: Tayabali, Azam F.
name: Dirieh, Yasmine
name: Groulx, Emma
name: Elfarawi, Nusaybah
name: Di Fruscio, Sabrina
name: Melanson, Kristina
name: Moteshareie, Houman
name: Al-Gafari, Mustafa
name: Navarro, Martha
name: Bernatchez, Stéphane
name: Demissie, Zerihun
name: Anoop, Valar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 4
Electronic Cigarette Use Among High School Students and Its Association With Cigarette Use And Smoking Cessation, North Carolina Youth Tobacco Surveys, 2011 and 2013
Creators: name: Patel, Tanha
name: Ranney, Leah M.
name: Sutfin, Erin L.
name: Kowitt, Sarah D.
name: Goldstein, Adam O.
name: Huang, Li-Ling
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Although adolescent cigarette use continues to decline in the United States, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adolescents has escalated rapidly. This study assessed trends and patterns of e-cigarette use and concurrent cigarette smoking and the relationships between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation intentions and behaviors among high school students in North Carolina.
Quantum vacuum, rotation, and nonlinear fields
Creators: name: Flachi, Antonino
name: Edmonds, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we extend previous results on the quantum vacuum or Casimir energy, for a noninteracting rotating system and for an interacting nonrotating system, to the case where both rotation and interactions are present. Concretely, we first reconsider the noninteracting rotating case of a scalar field theory and propose an alternative and simpler method to compute the Casimir energy based on a replica trick and the Coleman-Weinberg effective potential. We then consider the simultaneous effect of rotation and interactions, including an explicit breaking of rotational symmetry. To study this problem, we develop a numerical implementation of zeta function regularization. Our work recovers previous results as limiting cases and shows that the simultaneous inclusion of rotation and interactions produces nontrivial changes in the quantum vacuum energy. Besides expected changes (where, as the size of the ring increases for fixed interaction strength, the angular momentum grows with the angular velocity), we notice that the way rotation combines with the coupling constant amplifies the intensity of the interaction strength. Interestingly, we also observe a departure from the typical massless behavior where the Casimir energy is proportional to the inverse size of the ring.
description: 13 pages; 5 figures
Natural Resource Rents, Inequality, and Terrorism in Africa
Creators: name: Ajide, Kazeem Bello
name: Alimi, Olorunfemi Yasiru
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: This study examines the impact of natural resource rents on terrorism via inequality channel in 34 African economies, straddling the period 1980–2012. This study employs a negative binomial regression, in which the following findings are established: first, the unconditional impact of natural resource rents on terrorism is found to be positive across the model specifications, particularly when Gini and Theil indices are controlled for. Second, inequality has no discernable first-order impact on terrorism across the board. Third, the marginal impacts of interactions between inequality measures, specifically Gini and Theil coefficients and total natural resource rents on terrorism are significantly negative. Four, the corresponding net effects of interactions between natural resource rents and inequality (Gini and Theil coefficients) on terrorism are positive, thus lending support to earlier submission of involving all constitutive variables in the specifications for the parameters to make economic sense. The results are robust to accounting for fixed and country effects using the Poisson Pseudo maximum likelihood high-dimension fixed effects estimator. On the policy front, maintaining fairness and equity in the distribution of rents from the ‘free gifts of nature’ remains a veritable policy menu, especially for the resource-rich economies, to counteracting terrorist activities.
Mixed mode oscillation suppression states in coupled oscillators
Creators: name: Ghosh, Debarati
name: Banerjee, Tanmoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a new collective dynamical state, namely the {\it mixed mode oscillation suppression} state where different set of variables of a system of coupled oscillators show different types of oscillation suppression states. We identify two variants of it: The first one is a {\it mixed mode death} (MMD) state where a set of variables of a system of coupled oscillators show an oscillation death (OD) state, while the rest are in an amplitude death (AD) state under the identical parametric condition. In the second mixed death state (we refer it as the MNAD state) a nontrivial bistable AD and a monostable AD state appear simultaneously to different set of variables of a same system. We find these states in paradigmatic chaotic Lorenz system and Lorenz-like system under generic coupling schemes. We identify that while the reflection symmetry breaking is responsible for the MNAD state, the breaking of both the reflection and translational symmetries result in the MMD state. Using a rigorous bifurcation analysis we establish the occurrence of the MMD and MNAD states, and map their transition routes in parameter space. Moreover, we report the {\it first} experimental observation of the MMD and MNAD states that supports our theoretical results. We believe that this study will broaden our understanding of oscillation suppression states, subsequently, it may have applications in many real physical systems, such as laser and geomagnetic systems, whose mathematical models mimic the Lorenz system.
description: Submitted
How to Conduct Store Observations of Tobacco Marketing and Products
Creators: name: Ribisl, Kurt M.
name: Byerly, Katherine W.
name: Johnson, Trent O.
name: Feld, Ashley L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: As tobacco companies continue to heavily market their products at the point of sale, tobacco control groups seek strategies to combat the negative effects of this marketing. Store observations, which have been widely used by researchers and practitioners alike, are an excellent surveillance tool. This article provides a guide for public health practitioners interested in working in the tobacco retail environment by detailing the steps involved in conducting store observations of tobacco marketing and products including 1) obtaining tobacco product retailer lists, 2) creating measures, 3) selecting a mode of data collection, 4) training data collectors, and 5) analyzing data. We also highlight issues that may arise while in the field and provide information on disseminating results of store observations, including the potential policy implications.
Scraping and Clustering Techniques for the Characterization of Linkedin Profiles
Creators: name: Dai, Kais
name: Nespereira, Celia Gónzalez
name: Vilas, Ana Fernández
name: Redondo, Rebeca P. Díaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The socialization of the web has undertaken a new dimension after the emergence of the Online Social Networks (OSN) concept. The fact that each Internet user becomes a potential content creator entails managing a big amount of data. This paper explores the most popular professional OSN: LinkedIn. A scraping technique was implemented to get around 5 Million public profiles. The application of natural language processing techniques (NLP) to classify the educational background and to cluster the professional background of the collected profiles led us to provide some insights about this OSN's users and to evaluate the relationships between educational degrees and professional careers.
description: In proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Information Technology Convergence and Services (ITCS 2015), pp. 1-15, January 2015, Zurich(Switzerland)
Neutral carbon in diffuse interstellar medium: abundance matching with H2 for DLAs at high redshifts
Creators: name: Balashev, Sergei
name: Kosenko, Daria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the study of CI/H$_2$ relative abundance in the diffuse cold neutral medium. Using the chemical and thermal balance model we calculated the dependence of CI/H$_2$ on the main parameters of the medium: hydrogen number density, metallicity, strength of the UV field, and cosmic ray ionization rate (CRIR). We show that observed relative CI and H$_2$ column densities in damped Lyman alpha systems (DLAs) at high redshifts can be reproduced within our model assuming the typically expected conditions in the diffuse cold neutral medium (CNM). Using the additional observed information the on metallicity, HI column density, and excitation of CI fine-structure levels, as well as temperature we estimated for a wide range metallicities in the CNM at high redshifts that CRIRs to be in the range from $\sim10^{-16}$ to $\rm few \times 10^{-15}\rm s^{-1}$, hydrogen number densities to be in range $\sim10 - 10^3$cm$^{-3}$, and UV field in range from $10^{-2}$ to $\rm few \times 10^2$ of Mathis field. We argue, that since the observed quantities used in this work are quite homogeneous and much less affected by the radiative transfer effects (in comparison with e.g. dissociation of HD and UV pumping of H$_2$ rotational levels) our estimates are quite robust against the assumption of the exact geometrical model of the cloud and local sources of the UV field.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Emotional disclosure and cognitive performance
Creators: name: Barthwal, Anushka
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: Experiencing negative and traumatic life events undermines cognitive functioning by affecting memory, attention, and processing of information. The cognitive costs of negative experiences may be alleviated through emotional disclosure which enhances psychological resources. The current study predicted that emotional disclosure affects cognitive mechanisms by improving executive attentional control. This prediction was tested by having subjects (n = 115) first consider a disturbing or neutral life event, and then complete a write task where they either explored their thoughts and feeling about that event (disclose) or described it in a factual, non-emotional manner (suppress). We found significant differences in accuracy on the cognitive task for participants who disclosed about past traumatic experiences compared to those who suppressed or wrote about neutral experiences. There were marginally significant effects of emotional disclosure on reaction times to the cognitive task. Finding meaning and closure through writing was associated with better performance on the cognitive task. The results provide preliminary support for emotional disclosure benefitting cognition. A possible way this is achieved may be by allowing individuals to gain perspective and clarity related to their experience and reorganize their narrative. This may help them in making sense of the event and expand their cognitive capacities.
Photonic Controlled-Phase Gates Through Rydberg Blockade in Optical Cavities
Creators: name: Das, Sumanta
name: Grankin, Andrey
name: Iakoupov, Ivan
name: Brion, Etienne
name: Borregaard, Johannes
name: Boddeda, Rajiv
name: Usmani, Imam
name: Ourjoumtsev, Alexei
name: Grangier, Philippe
name: Sørensen, Anders S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel scheme for high fidelity photonic controlled phase gates using Rydberg blockade in an ensemble of atoms in an optical cavity. The gate operation is obtained by first storing a photonic pulse in the ensemble and then scattering a second pulse from the cavity, resulting in a phase change depending on whether the first pulse contained a single photon. We show that the combination of Rydberg blockade and optical cavities effectively enhances the optical non-linearity created by the strong Rydberg interaction and thereby reduces the requirements for photonic quantum gates. The resulting gate can be implemented with cavities of moderate finesse which allows for highly efficient processing of quantum information encoded in photons. As a particular example of this, we show how the gate can be employed to increase the communication rate of quantum repeaters based on atomic ensembles.
description: main manuscript 5 pages with 11 pages of supplementary information
Integrating Tobacco Control and Obesity Prevention Initiatives at Retail Outlets
Creators: name: Myers, Allison E.
name: Rose, Shyanika W.
name: Evenson, Kelly R.
name: Fleischhacker, Sheila
name: D'Angelo, Heather
name: Ribisl, Kurt M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Tobacco products are sold in approximately 375,000 US retail outlets, including convenience stores and pharmacies, which often sell energy-dense, low-nutrient foods and beverages. The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) increased authority over tobacco product sales and marketing, combined with declining smoking rates, provides an opportunity to transition tobacco retailers toward healthier retail environments. Unfortunately, research into improving consumer retail environments is often conducted in isolation by researchers working in tobacco control, nutrition, and physical activity. Interdisciplinary efforts are needed to transform tobacco retailers from stores that are dependent on a declining product category, to the sale and promotion of healthful foods and creating environments conducive to active living. The objective of this article is to describe the potential for interdisciplinary efforts to transition retailers away from selling and promoting tobacco products and toward creating retail environments that promote healthful eating and active living.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Popowia pisocarpa (Bl.) Endl., Walp. Repert. (Annonaceae)
Creators: name: Dinh, Dien
name: Doan, Tuan Quoc
name: Tran, Thang Nam
name: Nguyen, Hoai Thi
name: Ogunwande, Isiaka A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: The volatile compositions and antimicrobial activity of aerial parts of Popowia pisocarpa from Vietnam were reported for the first time. From the GC/MS spectral, spathulenol (35.9%), bicyclogermacrene (5.7%) and muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1β-ol (4.2%) among the sesquiterpenoids, along with 4,4-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbut-3-enylidene)-2-methylenebicyclo[4,1,0]heptane (17.7%), an unsaturated cyclic compound, were the main constituents of the essential oil. Monoterpenoids were not identified in the essential oil. The essential oil displayed antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 with MIC value of 16.0 µg/mL and IC50 value of 8.52 µg/mL. In addition, the essential oil also exhibited activity towards the Gram-positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13709, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and Lactobacillus fermentum N4 with MIC value of 64.0 µg/mL each and corresponding IC50 values of 11.06 µg/mL, 26.47 µg/mL and 15.68 µg/mL, respectively. The essential oil did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Salmonella enterica and the yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231.
title: Why Do Not All Separatist Movements Aim for Secession? The Cases of Chechnia and Tatarstan
Creators: name: Acar, Mesut
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Which ethnic groups are more likely to secede is a debated question among scholars. One view, as proposed by Immanuel Wallerstein, holds that ethnic groups living in economically advanced regions are more likely to secede. In contrast, other scholars like Donald Horowitz claim that backward groups in backward regions are more likely to secede. One aim of this thesis is to explore which view has better explanatory power for two republics in the Russian Federation: the Republic of Chechnia and the Republic of Tatarstan. In 1992 they were the two most separatist regions in the Russia. Later they diverged, and this thesis seeks to understand the different paths they pursued. First the republics' geographical, historical, and socio-economic backgrounds will be explored. Then five major factors that may explain this divergence will be analyzed: ( !)primordial factors, (2) the territorial basis of the claim, (3) uneven development, (4) bargaining power, and (5) leadership. The thesis concludes that Horowitz's model has greater explanatory power in the cases of Chechnia and Tatarstan. At the same time, a full understanding of why they chose divergent paths necessitates consideration of the five factors mentioned above. The analysis of these factors may help scholars to predict which of the model (Wallerstein' s or Horowitz's) has better explanatory power in a particular separatist region.
Physical Activity–Related Policy and Environmental Strategies to Prevent Obesity in Rural Communities: A Systematic Review of the Literature, 2002–2013
Creators: name: Tompkins, Nancy O'Hara
name: Clendennen, Stephanie C.
name: Perry, Cynthia K.
name: Tabak, Rachel
name: Eyler, Amy A.
name: Walsh, Shana M.
name: Goins, Karin V.
name: Patterson, Megan S.
name: Jones, Sydney
name: Evenson, Kelly R.
name: Sumrall, Jasmin C.
name: Renée Umstattd Meyer,
name: Heinrich, Katie M.
name: Hooker, Steven P.
name: Valko, Cheryl
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: IntroductionHealth disparities exist between rural and urban residents; in particular, rural residents have higher rates of chronic diseases and obesity. Evidence supports the effectiveness of policy and environmental strategies to prevent obesity and promote health equity. In 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended 24 policy and environmental strategies for use by local communities: the Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention (COCOMO); 12 strategies focus on physical activity. This review was conducted to synthesize evidence on the implementation, relevance, and effectiveness of physical activity–related policy and environmental strategies for obesity prevention in rural communities.MethodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINHAL, and PAIS databases for articles published from 2002 through May 2013 that reported findings from physical activity–related policy or environmental interventions conducted in the United States or Canada. Each article was extracted independently by 2 researchers.ResultsOf 2,002 articles, 30 articles representing 26 distinct studies met inclusion criteria. Schools were the most common setting (n = 18 studies). COCOMO strategies were applied in rural communities in 22 studies; the 2 most common COCOMO strategies were “enhance infrastructure supporting walking” (n = 11) and “increase opportunities for extracurricular physical activity” (n = 9). Most studies (n = 21) applied at least one of 8 non-COCOMO strategies; the most common was increasing physical activity opportunities at school outside of physical education (n = 8). Only 14 studies measured or reported physical activity outcomes (10 studies solely used self-report); 10 reported positive changes.ConclusionSeven of the 12 COCOMO physical activity–related strategies were successfully implemented in 2 or more studies, suggesting that these 7 strategies are relevant in rural communities and the other 5 might be less applicable in rural communities. Further research using robust study designs and measurement is needed to better ascertain implementation success and effectiveness of COCOMO and non-COCOMO strategies in rural communities.
MeV Gamma-Ray Source Contribution to the Inner Galactic Diffuse Emission
Creators: name: Tsuji, Naomi
name: Inoue, Yoshiyuki
name: Yoneda, Hiroki
name: Mukherjee, Reshmi
name: Odaka, Hirokazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the inner Galactic emission, measured by COMPTEL with a flux of $\sim 10^{-2} ~{\rm MeV~ cm}^{-2}~ {\rm s}^{-1}~ {\rm sr}^{-1}$ in the 1-30 MeV energy range from the inner Galactic region, has remained unsettled since its discovery. In this paper, we elaborate on a model of individual MeV gamma-ray sources unresolved by COMPTEL. This is conducted for sources crossmatched between the Swift-BAT and Fermi-LAT catalogs by interpolating the energy spectra in the hard X-ray and GeV gamma-ray ranges, as well as unmatched sources between the two catalogs. We find that the source contribution to the COMPTEL emission would be at least ~20%. Combined with the Galactic diffuse emission, which is not well constrained, the COMPTEL emission can be roughly reproduced in some cases.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
How can bureaucratic representation and diversity contribute to public service? Four essays
Creators: name: Ding, Fangda
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: Bureaucratic representation and diversity are important to achieving social equity in public service delivery. In order to better understand the two important dimensions, this dissertation uses four essays to explore four research questions that connect inquiries of representative bureaucracy, diversity management, and public management in general: (1) What are the contextual factors that determine the impacts of bureaucratic representation on public organizational performance? (2) How to make best use of public workforce diversity to benefit public organizational performance? (3) Does executive leader’s partisanship affect the bureaucratic representativeness of the socially underrepresented groups? (4) How does a labor shortage in public workforces affect the relationship between representative bureaucracy and coproduction?Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 conducted meta-analysis to closely examine the conditions under which bureaucratic representation and workforce diversity affect public organizational performance. The empirical result shows that the effects of representative bureaucracy on public organizational performance are positive in general, but that these effects are moderated by several contextual factors. Similarly, diversity may have mixed effects on public organizational performance since diversity can generate inclusivity and intergroup conflicts in the workforce at the same time. Chapter 4 examined the impacts of executive leader’s partisanship on bureaucratic representation. Using data covering 50 American states from 2005 to 2021, it constructed a regression discontinuity design to explore the causal impacts of governor’s partisanship on bureaucratic representation. It found that executive leader’s partisanship affected the bureaucratic representation of certain socially underrepresented groups in American states. And the causal relationship can be moderated by the specific institutional pressures. Chapter 5 explored how labor shortage in governmental agencies can reshape the relationship between gender representation and citizenry coproduction in public service. It conducted a survey experiment in the context of domestic violence in the U.S. The empirical findings suggested that labor shortage can mitigate the positive effect of gender representation on citizen coproduction while such negative moderating effects vary under different conditions. Overall, developing diversity and representation in public workforce along with making good use of them can be conditional and subject to specific institutional environments.
Relating Health Locus of Control to Health Care Use, Adherence, and Transition Readiness Among Youths With Chronic Conditions, North Carolina, 2015
Creators: name: Haberman, Cara
name: Javalkar, Karina
name: Ferris, Maria
name: Rak, Eniko
name: Zhong, Yi
name: Jain, Nina
name: Nazareth, Meaghan
name: van Tilburg, Miranda A.L.
name: Richards, Jordan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Health locus of control refers to the belief that health is in one’s control (internal control) or is not in one’s control (external control). Among adults, external locus of control is associated with negative health outcomes, whereas internal locus of control is associated with favorable outcomes. Few studies examined these associations among youths. The objective of our study was to determine how locus of control relates to health care use, medication adherence, missed school, and readiness for transition to adult medical care for youths with chronic conditions.
Do Automatic Comment Generation Techniques Fall Short? Exploring the Influence of Method Dependencies on Code Understanding
Creators: name: Annonymous
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Method-level comments are essential for improving code comprehension and facilitating software maintenance. With advancements in large language models (LLMs), automated comment generation has become a key focus in software development research. However,current approaches often overlook method dependencies where one method relies on or calls other methods, which impacts comment quality and code understandability. This study investigates the prevalence and characteristics of dependent methods in softwareprojects and introduces a dependency-aware approach for generating method-level comments. Using a dataset of 10 popular GitHub projects written in Java, we found that dependent methods, which comprise 69.25% of all methods, show higher engagement and frequency of change than independent ones. Using an analysis of over 448K dependent methods and 199K independent methods, we observed that state-of-the-art finetuned models, such as CodeT5+ and CodeBERT, face challenges in generating comprehensive method-level comments for dependent methods compared to independent ones. Similarly, LLM-based comment generation models, including ASAP and CodeLlama, demonstrated comparable performance trends when evaluated on a substantial sample. To address this, we propose HelpCOM, a novel dependency-aware comment generation model that incorporates helper method information to improve comment clarity, comprehensiveness, and relevance. Experimental results show that HelpCOM outperforms state-of-the-art models by 5.6% to 50.4% across syntactic (e.g., BLEU), semantic (e.g., SentenceBERT), and LLM-based evaluation metrics. Additionally, a survey of 156 software professionals confirms that HelpCOM significantly improves the comprehensibility of code involving dependent methods. These findings highlight its potential to enhance documentationpractices, code maintainability, and developer productivity in large-scale systems.
Possible discrimination of black hole origins from the lensing rate of DECIGO and B-DECIGO sources
Creators: name: Liu, Bin
name: Li, Zhengxiang
name: Zhao, Shaoxin
name: Zhou, Huan
name: Gao, He
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we forecast the expected detection rates and redshift distributions of gravitationally lensed gravitational waves (GWs) from three different mass distributions of primordial black holes (PBHs) and two stellar formation models of astrophysical black holes (ABHs) in the context of DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO) and it's smaller scale version B-DECIGO. It suggests that DECIGO will be able to detect $10^4-10^5$ GW signals from such binary black holes (BBHs) each year and the event rate distributions for PBHs will differ from those for ABHs due to their different merger rate with respect to redshift. The large number of event rates make $5-100$ detections of lensed GW signals being possible. After considering the gravitational lensing effect, the difference between the detection rates and distributions for PBHs and ABHs will be more significant. Therefore, this can be served as a complementary method to distinguish PBHs from ABHs.
description: 10 Pages, 5 Figures, 4 Tables; Accepted for publication in ApJ; Corrected the results of local merger rate in Table 1 and updated all related Figures and Tables. Main conclusions are not changed
title: Shaping American Foreign Policy A Game Theoretic Analysis of the United States'--North Korean Relationship
Creators: name: Ganczak, Kimberly Michelle
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Over the past two decades, international relations researchers have developed increasingly nuanced game theoretic models to analyze interstate interactions. This study is a modem, case-specific Bayesian analysis that aims to make contributions to the scholarly analysis of conflict while offering practical advice to policymakers interested in relations between the United States and North Korea.

This study develops a new model of United States - North Korea relations in order to develop insights useful for understanding and hopefully refining, management of this relationship. This study utilizes the extensive form of a signaling game to model the interactions between both states. This method reveals insightful equilibria that expose nuances in the relationship. Finally, I empirically estimate the game using a set of comparative statics and player type estimates. Ultimately, the analysis suggests that North Korea aims to maintain an air of mid-range credibility while the United States aims to appear as hawkish as possible.
A Feasibility Study of Supply and Demand for Diabetes Prevention Programs in North Carolina
Creators: name: Thomas, Tainayah
name: Alva, Maria L.
name: Leeman, Jennifer
name: Samuel-Hodge, Carmen D.
name: Porterfield, Deborah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Diabetes Prevention Programs (DPPs) have shown that healthy eating and moderate physical activity are effective ways of delaying and preventing type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance. We assessed willingness to pay for DPPs from the perspective of potential recipients and the cost of providing these programs from the perspective of community health centers and local health departments in North Carolina.
The accretion history of the Milky Way. I. How it shapes globular clusters and dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Hammer, Francois
name: Li, Hefan
name: Mamon, Gary A.
name: Pawlowski, Marcel S.
name: Bonifacio, Piercarlo
name: Jiao, Yongjun
name: Wang, Haifeng
name: Wang, Jianling
name: Yang, Yanbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Halo inhabitants are individual stars, stellar streams, star and globular clusters, and dwarf galaxies. Here we compare the two last categories that include objects of similar stellar mass, which are often studied as self-dynamical equilibrium systems. We discover that the half-light radius of globular clusters depends on their orbital pericenter and total energy, and that Milky Way (MW) tides may explain the observed correlation. We also suggest that the accretion epoch of stellar systems in the MW halo can be calibrated by the total orbital energy, and that such a relation is due to both the mass growth of the MW and dynamical friction affecting mostly satellites with numerous orbits. This calibration starts from the bulge, to Kraken, Gaia Sausage Enceladus, Sagittarius stellar systems, and finally to the new coming dwarfs, either or not linked to the vast-polar structure. The most eccentric globular clusters and dwarfs have their half-light radius scaling as the inverse of their binding energy, and this over more than two decades. This means that earlier arriving satellites are smaller due to the tidal effects of the MW. Therefore, most halo inhabitants appear to have their structural parameters shaped by MW tides and also by ram-pressure for the most recent arrivals, the dwarf galaxies. The correlations found in this study can be used as tools to further investigate the origin of globular clusters and dwarfs, as well as the assembly history of our Galaxy.
description: 18 pages, 8 Figures, 2 Tables with orbital properties of globular clusters, accepted in MNRAS, December the 12, 2022, version similar to the printed version
title: The Role of the Internet in Chinese Foreign and Domestic Affairs
Creators: name: Leedy, Jean Bowman
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Problem: Rapid dissemination of Internet technology and the free access to information it affords poses a threat to non-democratic states that rely on control of information to maintain power and stability. This is of substantial concern to the Communist regime in The People's Republic of China due to the fact that its repressed population constitutes the fastest growing body of Internet users in the world.

Methods: This paper examines the potential impact of the Internet on Chinese foreign and domestic policy through interpretation of existing literature as it applies to the Internet, interviews with experts studying the emergence of China's Internet, and case studies of Chinese foreign and domestic disputes widely debated on the Internet.

Results: Case studies of The Rape of Nanking and NATO's bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade prove that, when challenged by a foreign power, the Internet serves as a rallying point for Chinese people to express support for government policies and practices. Contrastly, the case of the Tibetan freedom movement on-line illustrates use of the Internet by foreign interest groups to publicize and gain international support for their position while exerting political pressure on the Chinese government from abroad. Finally, the case of Falun Gong indicates that small groups within China can use the Internet to organize and coordinate in the face of government opposition, posing a serious threat to the authority of the Communist regime.
MPEC 2023-T160 : 2013 YA173
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2013 YA173

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Limits on the non-thermal emission of the WR-WR system Apep
Creators: name: Martí-Devesa, G.
name: Reimer, O.
name: Reimer, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colliding-wind binaries (CWBs) constitute an emerging class of $γ$-ray sources powered by strong, dense winds in massive stellar systems. The most powerful of them are those binaries hosting a Wolf-Rayet (WR) star. Following the recent discovery of Apep -- the closest known Galactic WR--WR binary -- we discuss the non-detection of its putative high-energy emission by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) in this Letter. The limits reported in the GeV regime can be used to set a lower limit on the magnetic field pressure density within the shocked wind-collision region (WCR), and to exclude Apep as a bright gamma-ray emitting binary. Given that this WR--WR system is the most luminous CWB identified until now at radio wavelengths, this result proves unambiguously that non-thermal synchrotron emission is not a suitable identifier for the subset of gamma-ray emitters in this class of particle accelerators. Rather, Apep could be an interesting case of study for magnetic field amplification in shocked stellar winds.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Letter accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics
title: Essays on the Socioecological Implications of Sustainable Development Projects and the Role of Environmental Preferences
title: Aufsätze über die sozioökologischen Auswirkungen von Projekten zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung und die Rolle von Umweltpräferenzen
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Nilgen, Marco
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: Essays on the Socioecological Implications of Sustainable Development Projects and the Role of Environmental Preferences