Qing history in America: past accomplishments and present trends
Creators: name: Lee, James
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1984

description: Fifty years ago, Chinese history hardly existed as a field of
study in the United States. In 1935, there were no more than a dozen
active American sinologists of whom only one or two were historians.1
Today there are over sixteen hundred members of the Association of
Asian Studies who study China, of whom at least seven hundred are
historians and one hundred are social scientists who work extensively
with historical material. 2 Chinese studies has made vast strides
largely under the banner of area studies. History, especially Qing
history, has predominated. Qing historians have their own journal and
their own professional association with a membership of well over three
hundred individuals.3 They account for almost half of all Chinese
historians and receive the bulk of all historical funding.
description: TABLE ONE
THE POPULATION HISTORY OF CHINA BEFORE 1911: THE STATE OF THE FIELD
Dates of Publication of Books and Articles from 1935-1984
Chinese
1935-1939 11
1940-1944 3
1945-1949 4
1950-1954 1
1955-1959 16
1960-1964 5
1965-1969 1
1970-1974 2
1975-1979 9
1980-1984 ill
Totals 169
Sources: See Appendix.
Western Languages
1
2
3
5
2
4
9
12.
45
Total
11
3
5
3
19
10
3
6
18
136
214
11
APPENDIX
THE POPULATION HISTORY OF CHINA BEFORE 1911: THE STATE OF THE FIELD
Bibliography of Published Books and Articles from 1935-1984
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Cart ier, Michel. "La croissance demographique Chinoise de XVIIIe
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12
Cartier, Michel, and Will, Pierre-Etienne. "Demographie et
institutions en Chine: contributions a l'analyse des recensements
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(1971): 161-245.
Chang, P'eng-yuan. "Jindai Hunan de renkou yu dushi fazhan"
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xuebao (Bulletin of Historical Research) 5 (April 1977):447-488.
Chao, Zhongzhen. "Qing qianqi renkou jizeng dui ziben zhuyi mengya di
zu'ai" (The Sharp Rise in Population During the Qing and the
Consequent Obstacle to the Development of Capitalism), Shandong
shifan daxue xuebao no. 3 (1982): ?
Chen, Ding. "Mozi de renkou zengzhi lun" (Mozi's Essay on Population
Increase). Shidai jingshen 7.1 (1942) ?
Chen, Guihua. "Baqi jianli qian manzhou niulu he renkou chutan" (A
Preliminary Investigation of the Manchu Population and Niru Before
the Establishment of the Eight Banner System). Zhongyang minzu
xueyuan xuebao no. 1 (1981): ?
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Population of Shu During the Three Kingdoms). ~ 2.2 (1941): ?
Chen, Lesu. "Zhuke hu duicheng yu Beisong hubu de hukou tongji"
(Native and Immigrant Labels and the Population Statistics from the
Bureau of Revenue of the Northern Song). Jianghan xuebao 1.2
(1949) ?
Chen, Pengnian. Zhongguo lidai renkou biangian zhi yanjiu (Research
on Chinese Population History). (Shangwu: 1946).
Chen, Suj iang. "Sanguo shidai de renkou yidong" (Population Movement
During the Three Kingdoms). Shihuo 1.3 (1935): ?
Chen, Xiwei. "Lianghan de renkou zhengce" (Han Population Policy).
Zhongyang ribao (October 15th and October 22nd, 1947): ?
Cheng, Xianmin. "Lun Qingdai renkou zengzhang lu ji guosheng wenti"
(Qing Population Growth Rates and Overpopulation). Zhongguo shi
yanjiu (Research in Chinese History) 3 (1982):48-60.
Cheng, Xianmin.
Vagrancy).
"Qingdai youmin wenti qianxi" (Problems of Qing
Sichuan daxue xuebao no. 4 (1983): 78-87.
Durand, John. "The Population Statistics of China, A. D. 2-1953."
Population Studies vol. 13, 3 {March 1960):249-
13
De Crespigny, Rafe. "Prefectures and Population in South China in the
First Three Centuries A.D." Bulletin of The Institute of History
and Philology Academia Sinica 40 (1968):139-154.
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wen-t'i 4:4 (1980): ?
Fan, Shuzhi. "Mingdai Jingxiang Humin yu pengmin" (Migrants and Shack
Peoples in the Central Yangzi During the Ming Dynasty). Zhongguo
shi yanjiu no. 3 (1980): ?
Fan, Zhe, and Tang, Shira. "Baodi xian bianshen ce chubu yanjiu" (A
Preliminary Analysis of the Baodi Registers). .lll!!& shi yanjiu .ii
no. 3 (1984): ?
Fan, Zhuanxian. "Songdai shuchu renkou wenti" (Problems of Song
Population Emigration). Zhongguo lishi wenxian yanjiu iikan no. 1
(1980): 194-199.
Fang, Guoyu. "Tang Song shiqi Erhaiqu de Hanzu yimin" (Han Immigration
into Western Yunnan during the Tang and Song). Yunnan daxue
~ kexue (Humanistic Sciences of Yunnan University), no. 1
(1957): 1-11.
Fang, Guoyu. ''Han Jin shiqi Diandongqu de Hanzu yimin" (Han Immigration
into Eastern Yunnan during the Han and Jin). Wenshi zazhi (History
and Arts Magazine), no. 3 (1957):13-35.
Fei, John C. H., and Liu, Ts'ui-jung and et a1. "Population Dynamics
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Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, 1979.
Fei, John C. H., and Liu, Ts'ui-jung. "The Growth and Decline of
Chinese Family Clans." The Journal of Interdisciplinary History
vol. XII, no. 3 (Winter 1982):375-408.
Feng, Zhisi. "Tang Song yilai Oerduosi diqu renkou bianhua"
(Population Changes in the Ordos Since the Tang and Song).
Neimenggu ribao (July 5, 1982): ?
Fu, Kedong. "Baqi huji zhidu chutan" (A Preliminary Study of the Eight
Banner Household Registration System) Minzu yanjiu (Ethnic
Studies) no. 6 (1983):34-43.
14
Fu, Zhufu. "Renkou yinsu dui zhongguo shehui j ingj i j iegou de
xingcheng he fazhan suo shengchan de zhongda wenti" (The Population
Problem and the Formation and Development of the Social and
Economic Structure of China). Zhong guo shehiu jingji shi
yanjiu (Research on the Social and Economic History of China)
3 (1982): 1-13.
Gao, Qingfeng. Zhong guo lidai renkou tongji (Statistics on China's
Historic Population). Chinese Peoples University, 1978.
Gao, Shulin. ''Yuandai Hebei renkou chutan" (A Preliminary Analysis of
the Population of Hebei During the Yuan). Hebei daxue xuebao
no. 1 (1984): ?
Gao, Yawei. "Sanguo shi renkou yu dushi de nanyi" (The Southward
Movement of Population and Cities During the Three Kingdoms).
Z hongf a daxue yuekan 2.3 (1936): ?
Ge, Jianxiong. "Xihan renkou kao" (An Analysis of Western Han
Population). Zhong guo shi yanjiu no. 4 (1981):135-153.
Ge, Jianxiong. "Qin Han de shangji he shangji li" (Government Accounts
and the 'Official-Who-Hands-Up-Accounts' During the Qin and Han
Dynasties) Zhonghua wenshi luncong 2 (1982):181-200.
Ge. Jianxiong. "Lue1un woguo fengjian shehui ge jieji renkou zengzhang
de bu pingheng xing" (The Uneven Development of Chinese Population
by Feudal Class). Lishi yanjiu no. 6 (1982):10-19.
Ge, Jianxiong. "Han Wudi shi hukou jianban kaoshi" (An Assessement of
the 'Decline' in Population During the Reign of Han Wudi) Xueshu
yuekan (Academic Monthly) 9 (1983):70-74.,
Ge, Jianxiong. "Xihan renkou dili" (The Population Geography of the
Western Han Empire) Baike zhishi 4 (1984):20-25.
Ge. Jianxiong. "Xihan shiqi xibei diqu de renkou qianyi" (The
Settlement of Northwest China during the Western Han) Zhonghua
wenshi luncong 1 (1984):243-264.
Ge. Jianxiong. "Han Wudi ximin kuaiji shuo zhengwu" {An Assessment
of the Settlement of Kuaiji [the lower Yangzi River Valley} by Han
wudi) Zhong guo lishi di1i (Historical Geography of China) 3
(1984): 152-159.
Ge. Jianxiong. "Xihan hukou zuisheng nianfen zhi yi" (Doubts About the
Chronology of the Rise in Population During the Western Han).
Fudan daxue xuebao { ? ):146-148.
15
Gu, Feng. "Liang Fangzhong tan zhongguo fengjian shehui renkou guilu
wenti" (Liang Fangzhong Talks on the Structural Problems of China's
Feudal Population). Guangming ribao (May 13, 1962): 1
Gu, Jiangrui. "Jiangsu sheng jin sanbai nian renkou bianhua de fenxi"
(An Analysis of the Changes in the Population of Jiangsu Province
Over the Last Three Hundred Years). Nanjing shifan xueyuan
no. 4 (1981): 1
Guan, Donggui. "Zhanguo zhi Hanchu de renkou bianqian" (Population
Movement from the Warring States to the Early Han). Lishi yuyan
yaniiu .!!!!1. jikan 50, no. 4 (1979) :645-656.
Guo, Dun. "Cong Nan Bei chao de hukou xingtai kan sui de tongyi"
(Population Structures of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and
the Sui Reunification). Lishi jiaoxue no. 1 (1955): 1
Guo, Songyi. "Qingchu renkou tongji zhong de yixie wenti" (Some
Questions on the Population Statistics of the Early Qing). Qingshi
luncong 2 (1982):66-87.
Guo, Songyi. "Qingdai de renkou zengzhang he renkou liuqian" (On the
Rise in Population and Population Movement During the Qing).
Qingshi luncong no. 5 (1984): 1
Guo, Yuqing. "Qiantan Qingdai de renkou zengzhang" (On the Rise in
Population. During the Qing). Jin xi tan no. 1 (1982): ?
Han, Guopan. "Guanyu tu1ufan chutu de tangdai Xizhou huji canjuan
zhong de jige wenti" (A Few Problems of the Incomplete Manuscripts
of the Household Register in Xizhou During the Tang Dynasty).
Zhongguo shehui jingii shi yaniiu no. 2 (1983):57-67.
Han, Lianqi. "Handai de huj i yu shangj i zhidu" (Han Household Records
and the Reporting System). Wenshizhe no. 3 (1978):1
Hanley, Susan B., and Wolf, Arthur P. Family and Population
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{December 1982):365-482.
16
He, Yeheng. "Erqian nianJ un de Hunan renkou" (The Population of Hunan
Province Over Two Thousand Years). Xiangtan daxue xuebao no. 1
(1984): ?
He, Zhongli. "Songdai hubu renkou tongji wenti de zai tantao" (Further
Discussion of the Problem of Song Bureau of Revenue Population
Statistics). Songshi lunji (Collected Essays in Song History):
37-62.
He, Ziquan. ''Hanmo Jinchu j ian de nianshu he hukou shu" (Chronology and
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Ho, Ping-ti. Studies ~ the Population of China. 1368-1953.
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Etudes Song: Demographie (Paris, 1970):34-53; translated
as "Song Jin Shidai Zhongguo renkou zongshu de guji." Zhongguo
shi yanjiu dongtai no. 5 (1980): ?
Hu, Guowen. "Lun Qingdai de renkou pengzhang" (Qing Population
Inflation). Donghua shifan daxue xuebao no. 2 (1984): ?
Hu, Qichuang. "Zhongguo gudai de renkou zhengce he renkou sixiang"
(Population Policy and Demographic Thought in Ancient China).
Jingji yanjiu (Economic Research) 1 (1981):72-78.
Hu, Rulei. "Tangdai de kehu shi shemma ren" (Who Were the Tang Guest
Households). Lishi jiaoxue no. 8 (1965): ?
Hu, Yiya. "Hong Liangji renkou xueshuo shuping" (A Critique of the
Population Essays by Hong Liangji). Dongbei shida xuebao no. 3
(1980): ?
Hua, Shan. "Guanyu Songdai de kehu wenti" (On the Guest Households of
the Song). Songshi lunji (Essays on Song History), Jinan: Qilu,
1982:30-48.
Hua, Shan. "Zailun Songdai kehu de shenfen wenti" (New thoughts on the
Status of Guest households of the Song), Songshi lunji
(Essays on Song History) Jinan: Qilu, 1982:49-54.
Huang, Shengzhang. "Tangdai hukou de fenbu yu bianqian" (The Increase
and Spread of Population in the Tang Dynasty). Lishi yanjiu
(Historical Research) 6 (1980):91-108.
Ikeda. On. "Tang Household Registers and Related Documents." In
Arthur F. Wright and Denis Twitchett eds. Perspectives ~ the Tang.
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17
Jiang, Dexue. "Qingchu Guizhou renkou kao" (The Population of Guizhou
Province During the Early Qing). Guizhou shehui kexue no. 4
(1982): 50-54.
Jiang, Dexue. "Shilun Qingdai Guizhou de yimin" (A Preliminary
Discussion of Guizhou's Immigrants During the Qing). Renkou
yanjiu (Population Research) (1983):34-40.
Jiang, Fuya. "Cong hukou biandong kan Shu Han shiqi Ba Shu diqu de
dizhu jingji" (The Regional Economy of the Ba and Shu Area As
Reflected by the Changes in Population During the Shuhan Period).
Beijing shifan xueyuan xuebao no. 2 (1978): ?
Jiang, Yingliang. "Mingdai waidi yimin jinru Yunnan kao" (An
Analysis of Out-of-Province Immigration into Yunnan During the
Ming). Yunnan daxue xueshu lunwenji (An anthology of scholarly
articles from Yunnan University) 2 (April 1963):1-33.
Jin, Haipeng. "Zhongguo renkou sixiang shihua--ban fengjian ban
zhimindi shiqi de renkou sixiang" (A History of Chinese Population
Theory--The Semifeudal, Semicolonial Period). Renkou'yy' Hng ji
no. 1 (1982): ?
Jing. Han. "Liang Han de hukou" (Han Population). Shixue yuekan
no. 4 (1960):37-39.
Lao, Gan. "Lianghan junguo mianji zhi gUJ1 yu renshu zengjian zhi
tuize" (An Estimate of Population Increase and Cultivated Area
During the Han). Lishi yuyan yanjiu ..!!.Y.Q. Hkan 5.2 (1935): ?
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47, 1978.
Lee, James. "Food Supply and Population Growth in Southwest China,
1250-1850." The Journal of Asian Studies 41 no. 4 (August 1982):
711-46.
Lee. James. "The Legacy of Immigration in Southwest China, 1250-1850."
Annales ~ demographie historigue, (1982):279-304.
Lee, James. "Chonglun xi'nan yimin shi" (A New History of Immigration
to Southwest China). Lishi yanjiu (Historical Research) (1983):?
Lee, James, and Clayhold, Jeff. "Chinese Sources on Population
History, 1700-1900." Annales de demographie historique (1983):?
18
Lee, James. "Shilun Ming Qing shiqi xi'nan diqu renkou shi" (The
Population History of Southwest China During the Ming and Qing).
Qingshi luncong (Essays in Qing History) 5 (1984): ?
Lee, James, and Eng, Robert. "Population and Family History in
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Li, Baogui. "Songdai renkou tongji wenti yanjiu" (Research on Song
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Li, Deqing. "Suidai hukou de jige wenti" (Problems of Sui Population
History) Xueshu yuekan (Academic Monthly) no. 10 (1982):45-52.
Li, Deqing. "Songdai nukou kaobian" (A Textual Research on the Women's
Census Register of the Song Dynasty). Lishi yanjiu (Historical
Research) 6 (1983):115-124.
Li, Guoqi. "Qingmo Minchu Min Zhej iang diqu renkou yu dushihua de
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Li, Guoqi. "You Su Zhe Lianghu Sichuan ji Min Yue qisheng dushi renkou
zhuangtai lun Qingmo minchu woguo nanfang zhusheng de dushihua
xiangxiang" {Urbanization in Seven Provinces (Jiangsu, Zhej iang,
Hunan, Hubei. Sichuan, Fujian, and Guangdong during the Late Qing
and Early Republic) International Conference ~ Sino logy. Taibei,
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Li, Xingsheng. "Qingchu Huren j i qi dui Heilongj iang diqu kaifa di
gongxian" (Early Qing Immigrants and Their Contribution to the
Development of Heilongjiang), Xeuxi ~~ no. 5 (1980): ?
Li, Xun. "Shilun Mingdai Humin wend" (A Preliminary Discussion of
the Problem of Vagrancy During the Ming). Shehui kexue jikan
no. 3 (1980): ?
Li, Zhiqin. "Xi'an gudai hukou shumu pingyi" (An Appraisal of the
Recorded Population of Ancient Xian). Xibei daxue xuebao no. 2
(1984):45-51.
Liang, Fangzhong. "Mingdai hukou tiandi j i tianfu tongj i" (Ming
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jindai jing ji s hi yan jiu jikan 3.1 (I 93 5): ?
19
Liang, Fangzhong. "Zhongguo lidai hukou tiandi tianfu tongj i yuanli
(xu)" (Principles of Chinese Statistics on Population Cultivated
Land and Land Tax: Part One). Xueshu yanjiu no. 1 (1962): ?
Liang, Fangzhong. "Zhong guo lidai hukou tiandi tianfu tongj i yuanli
(xu)" (Principles of Chinese Statistics on Population Cultivated
Land and Land Tax: Part Two). Xueshu yan jiu no. 2 (I 980): ?
Liang, Fangzhong. Zhongguo lidai hukou tiandi tianfu tongji
(Statistics on China's historic population, cultivated land and
land tax). Shanghai: Renmin, 1980.
Lin, Gang. "Nongye luohou shi woguo renkou xunsu zengjia de genben
yuanyin" (The Major Cause of China's Rapid Population Growth Is Our
Underdeveloped Agriculture). Renkou yanjiu no. 1 (1981): ?
Lin, Liping. "Tangdai houqi de renkou nanqian ji yingxiang" (The
Southward Migration of Population During the Late Tang and Its
Effects). Jianghan 1untan no. 9 (1983): ?
Lin, Renchuan, and Wang, Puhua. "Qingdai Fujian renkou xiang Taiwan de
liudong" (Population Movement from Fujian to Taiwan in the Qing
Dynasty). Lishi yanjiu (Historical Research) 2 (1983):130-146.
Lin, Zhengqiu. "Nan Song ducheng Lin'an renkou shu kaosuo" (An
Analysis of the Registered Population of Lin'an, the Capital of the
Southern Song), Hangzhou daxue xuebao no. 1 and no. 2 (1979):
147-157.
Liu, Bingren. "Lianghan renkou yu shiliang zhengce" (Population and
Food Policy During the Han). Yugong 7.1-7.3 (1937): ?
Liu, Hanruo. "Dongbei renkou shi chutan" (A Preliminary Look at the
Population History of the Northeast). Xuexi ~ tansuo no. 6
(1983): 83-92.
Liu, Min. "Fujian Ming Qing shiqi de renkou zengzhang sudu yu renkou
ziran goucheng" (The Rate of Population Increase in Fujian During
the Ming and Qing). Fujian 1uncong no. 5 (1981): ?
Liu, Paul K. C., and Huang, Kuo-shu. "Population Change and Economic
Development in Mainland China since 1400." In Chi-ming Hou and
Tzong-shian Yu, ed., Modern Chinese Economic History. Taipei:
Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, 1979.
Liu, Ts'ui-jung. "Chinese Genealogies as a Source for the Study of
Historical Demography." Studies and Essays in Commemoration of the
Golden Jubilee ~ Academia Sinica (June 1978):849-870.
20
Liu, Ts'ui-jung. "The Demographic Dynamics of Some Clans in the Lower
Yangtze Area, ca. 1400-1900." Academia Economic Papers 9,
no. 1 (March 1981):115-160.
Liu, Ts'ui-jung. "Ming Qing renkou shi zengzhi yu qianyi" (The Growth
and Migration of Population During the Ming and Qing) Zhongguo
shehui jingii shi yantao hui lunwenii (Papers from the Seminar
on Chinese Social and Economic History) (Taibei, Center for
Chinese Studies, 1983):283-316.
Liu, Ts'ui-jung. "The Demography of Two Chinese Clans in Hsiaoshan,
Chekiang, 1650-1850." In Susan B. Hanley and Arthur
P. Wolf, eds., Family and Population in ~ Asian History,
Stanford University Press, 1985.
Liu, Yingjie. "Gansu diqu yuangu zhi Qin Han renkou bianxi" (An
Analysis of the Population of Gansu from Ancient Times Through the
Qin and Han). Xibei renkou no. 3 (1982): ?
Lu, Shih-Ch'iang. "Jindai Sichuan renkou midu yu renkou yaH de fenbu"
(An Analysis of Population Pressure and Density in Szechuan
Province During the Ch'ing and Republican Period). Lishi xuebao
(Bulletin of Historical Research) 5 (April 1977):423-446.
Luo, Ergang. "Taiping Tianguo geming qian de renkou yapo wenti"
(Population Pressure Before the Taiping Revolution). Zhongguo
;indai shehui jingji shi lunji no. ? (1971): ?
Ma, Xiaohe. "Qingdai qianqi renkou shuzi kanwu" (Corrections of Early
Qing Population Figures). Fudan xuebao (Fudan Journal) 1 (1980):
78-82.
Ma, Yuancai. "Qin Han shidai di renkou ji tudi fenpei zhuangkuang"
(The Population and Land Distribution During the Qin and Han).
Shihuo 3.3 (1936): ?
Miao, Lue. "Guanyu Nanchao Hanren taowang shaoshu minzu diqu de wenti"
(On the Migration of Han Chinese into Minority Areas During the
Southern Dynasties). Guangming ribao (April 25, 1957): ?
Miao, Zhenpeng, and Wang, Shoujia. "Yehtan Mingchu hukou de shengxiang"
(A Reappraisal of the Rise and Fall of Population During the Early
Ming). Wenshizhe no. 6 (1980):49-54.
Miao, Zhenpeng. and Wang, Shoujia. "Shilun ban zhimindi ban fengjian
shehui shiqi zhongguo renkou wenti" (Problems of Chinese PopUlation
During the Period of Semi-Feudalism and Semi-Colonialism).
Zhongguo ;ingji shi yanjiu no. 2 (1982): ?
21
Min, Zongduan. "Qingdai qianqi renkou tongji wenti yanjiu" (Research
on Early Qing Population Statistics). ~~ jingji no. 4
(1983):68-69.
Min, Zongduan. "Xianfeng yuannian de zhongguo renkou-guanyu woguo
lishi shang renkou de zui gao shu yige kaozheng" (The Population
of China in 1851 - An Analysis of the Largest Recorded Population
Figure in Chinese History). Nongshi yanjiu no. 1 (1983): ?
Mu, Zhaoqing. "Liang Song huji zhidu wenti" (Problems of the Song
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