cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An anxiety management intervention for people with substance use disorders (ITASUD): An intervention mapping approach based on Peplau's theory
Creators: name: Beeber, Linda S.
name: Pereira, Caroline Figueira
name: Vargas, Divane de
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2023

description: Background The comorbidity of anxiety and drug use disorders complicates treatment prognosis, and one of the greatest challenges is to address the environmental and behavioral factors involved. The aim of this study was to describe the uses of intervention mapping in the design of a theory and evidence-based complex intervention to develop skills around the management of anxiety for cocaine users in outpatient addiction treatment. Methods The six steps of the intervention mapping approach, which are needs assessment, creation of matrices of performance objectives, selection of methods and practical strategies, program development, adoption and implementation, and evaluation were applied to develop the Interpersonal Theory of nursing to Anxiety management in people with Substance Use Disorders (ITASUD) intervention. The theory used for the conceptual model was interpersonal relations theory. All theory-based methods and practical applications were developed at the individual level, acting in behavioral, interpersonal, organizational and community environments. Results The intervention mapping provided a broad overview of the problem and outcome expectations. The ITASUD intervention consists of five consecutive sessions of 110-min targeting individual determinants of anxiety (knowledge, triggers, relief behaviors, self-efficacy and relations), delivered by a trained nurse using Peplau's concepts of interpersonal relations. Intervention Mapping is a multi-step process that incorporates theory, evidence, and stakeholder perspectives to ensure that implementation strategies effectively address key determinants of change. Conclusions The intervention mapping approach increases the effectiveness of the intervention since the matrices provide a broad view of all factors that affect the problem and facilitate replication through transparency of the determinants, methods, and applications used. ITASUD addresses all factors that play an important role in substance use disorders based on a theoretical basis, which provides the translation of evidence from research into effective practice, policy, and public health improvements.
IDENTIFICATION AND POPULATION COUNTING MECHANISM FOR BLUE WHALES
Creators: name: Liyanage, Upul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 109999 Technology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Population assessment and migration studies of marine mammals are challenging due to remoteness, high-cost and logistical difficulties. Photo identification provides an accurate and cost-effective platform for population assessment and many more studies. The new machine technology was developed for the individual identification of blue whales in the South coast of Sri Lanka using pigmentation patterns and length and height ratios of the dorsal fin. The key features of the shape of the dorsal fin were extracted using Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and matching pairs counted by running test-cases. This automated method gave 80% accuracy for the individual blue whale identification from a large data set.
Time-delayed Follow-the-Leader model for pedestrians walking in line
Creators: name: Fehrenbach, Jérôme
name: Narski, Jacek
name: Hua, Jiale
name: Lemercier, Samuel
name: Jelic, Asja
name: Appert-Rolland, Cécile
name: Donikian, Stéphane
name: Pettré, Julien
name: Degond, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the results of a pedestrian tracking experiment to identify a follow-the-leader model for pedestrians walking-in-line. We demonstrate the existence of a time-delay between a subject's response and the predecessor's corresponding behavior. This time-delay induces an instability which can be damped out by a suitable relaxation. By comparisons with the experimental data, we show that the model reproduces well the emergence of large-scale structures such as congestions waves. The resulting model can be used either for modeling pedestrian queuing behavior or can be incorporated into bi-dimensional models of pedestrian traffic. Acknowledgements: This work has been supported by the french 'Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)' in the frame of the contract "Pedigree" (ANR-08-SYSC-015-01). JH acknowledges support of the ANR and the Institut de Math{é}matiques de Toulouse, where he conducted this research. AJ acknowledges support of the ANR and of the Laboratoire de physique t A c orique in Orsay where she conducted this research. PD is on leave from CNRS, Institut de Mat A c matiques de Toulouse, France.
Pressure-based lift estimation and its application to feedforward load control employing trailing-edge flaps
Creators: name: Bartholomay, Sirko
name: Wester, Tom T. B.
name: Perez-Becker, Sebastian
name: Konze, Simon
name: Menzel, Christian
name: Hölling, Michael
name: Spickenheuer, Axel
name: Peinke, Joachim
name: Nayeri, Christian N.
name: Paschereit, Christian Oliver
name: Oberleithner, Kilian
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: wind energy
subject: aeroelastic simulation
subject: wind turbine control
subject: load reduction control
subject: active trailing edge flap
subject: Windenergie
subject: aeroelastische Simulation
subject: Lastreduktionsregelung
subject: Windturbinenregelung
subject: aktive Hinterkantenklappe

description: This experimental load control study presents results of an active trailing-edge flap feedforward controller for wind turbine applications. The controller input is derived from pressure-based lift estimation methods that rely either on a quasi-steady method, based on a three-hole probe, or on an unsteady method that is based on three selected surface pressure ports. Furthermore, a standard feedback controller, based on force balance measurements, is compared to the feedforward control. A Clark-Y airfoil is employed for the wing that is equipped with a trailing-edge flap of x/c=30% chordwise extension. Inflow disturbances are created by a two-dimensional active grid. The Reynolds number is Re=290 000, and reduced frequencies of k=0.07 up to k=0.32 are analyzed. Within the first part of the paper, the lift estimation methods are compared. The surface-pressure-based method shows generally more accurate results, whereas the three-hole probe estimate overpredicts the lift amplitudes with increasing frequencies. Nonetheless, employing the latter as input to the feedforward controller is more promising as a beneficial phase lead is introduced by this method. A successful load alleviation was achieved up to reduced frequencies of k=0.192.
Complete hyperfine Paschen-Back regime at relatively small magnetic fields realized in Potassium nano-cell
Creators: name: Sargsyan, A.
name: Tonoyan, A.
name: Hakhumyan, G.
name: Leroy, C.
name: Pashayan-Leroy, Y.
name: Sarkisyan, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A one-dimensional nano-metric-thin cell (NC) filled with potassium metal has been built and used to study optical atomic transitions in external magnetic fields. These studies benefit from the remarkable features of the NC allowing one to use $λ/2$- and $λ$-methods for effective investigations of individual transitions of the K D_1 line. The methods are based on strong narrowing of the absorption spectrum of the atomic column of thickness L equal to $λ/2$ and to $λ$(with $λ= 770\un{nm}$ being the resonant laser radiation wavelength). In particular, for a $π$-polarized radiation excitation the $λ$-method allows us to resolve eight atomic transitions (in two groups of four atomic transitions) and to reveal two remarkable transitions that we call Guiding Transitions (GT). The probabilities of all other transitions inside the group (as well as the frequency slope versus magnetic field) tend to the probability and to the slope of GT. Note that for circular polarization there is one group of four transitions and GT do not exist. Among eight transitions there are also two transitions (forbidden for $B$ = 0) with the probabilities undergoing strong modification under the influence of magnetic fields. Practically the complete hyperfine Paschen-Back regime is observed at relatively low ($\sim 1\un{kG}$) magnetic fields. Note that for K $D_2$ line GT are absent. Theoretical models describe the experiment very well.
description: 6 pages
A biopsychosocial approach assessing pain indicators among Black men
Creators: name: Morales, Knashawn H.
name: Brooks, Amber K.
name: Wakita, Anna
name: Baker, Tamara A.
name: Murray, Marcus
name: Hooker, Steven P.
name: Clark, Jaylyn F.
name: Whitt-Glover, Melicia C.
name: Yu, Yelia Z.
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2023

description: Introduction The lack of empirical evidence documenting the pain experience of Black men may be the result of social messaging that men are to project strength and avoid any expression of emotion or vulnerability. This avoidant behavior however, often comes too late when illnesses/symptoms are more aggressive and/or diagnosed at a later stage. This highlights two key issues - the willingness to acknowledge pain and wanting to seek medical attention when experiencing pain. Methods To better understand the pain experience in diverse raced and gendered groups, this secondary data analysis aimed to determine the influence identified physical, psychosocial, and behavioral health indicators have in reporting pain among Black men. Data were taken from a baseline sample of 321 Black men, >40 years old, who participated in the randomized, controlled Active & Healthy Brotherhood (AHB) project. Statistical models were calculated to determine which indicators (somatization, depression, anxiety, demographics, medical illnesses) were associated with pain reports. Results Results showed that 22% of the men reported pain for more than 30 days, with more than half of the sample being married (54%), employed (53%), and earning an income above the federal poverty level (76%). Multivariate analyses showed that those reporting pain were more likely to be unemployed, earn less income, and reported more medical conditions and somatization tendencies (OR=3.28, 95% CI (1.33, 8.06) compared to those who did not report pain. Discussion Findings from this study indicate that efforts are needed to identify the unique pain experiences of Black men, while recognizing its impact on their identities as a man, a person of color, and someone living with pain. This allows for more comprehensive assessments, treatment plans, and prevention approaches that may have beneficial impacts throughout the life course.
Repetitive model predictive control for load alleviation on a research wind turbine using trailing edge flaps
Creators: name: Bartholomay, Sirko
name: Krumbein, Sascha
name: Deichmann, Victoria
name: Gentsch, Maik
name: Perez‐Becker, Sebastian
name: Soto‐Valle, Rodrigo
name: Holst, David
name: Nayeri, Christian N.
name: Paschereit, Christian O.
name: Oberleithner, Kilian
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: individual flap control
subject: fatigue load control
subject: repetitive control
subject: railing edge flaps

description: This paper presents the results of an advanced control strategy that employs active trailing edge flaps to reduce the fatigue loads of an experimental wind turbine. The strategy, called repetitive model predictive control, is a multiple-input multiple-output controller that aims at the alleviation of out-of-plane blade root bending moments. The strategy incorporates the control commands, output errors, and state deviation from the previous rotation. This way, the time lag in the strain sensor input due to the blade inertia is compensated. Additionally, a strategy to limit the computational costs is presented. The load alleviation performance is evaluated at different yaw cases and compared with different individual flap control strategies. The repetitive model predictive control is able to reduce the fatigue loads by up to 23% compared with the better performing individual flap control strategy. This improvement in load reduction is accompanied by an increase in flap travel of up to 7% compared with the individual flap control strategies.
Additional file 3 of Transcription factor binding specificities of the oomycete Phytophthora infestans reflect conserved and divergent evolutionary patterns and predict function
Creators: name: Vo, Nguyen N. T.
name: Yang, Ally
name: Leesutthiphonchai, Wiphawee
name: Liu, Yulong
name: Hughes, Timothy R.
name: Judelson, Howard S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 3
Tagging Partially Reconstructed Objects with Jet Substructure
Creators: name: Freytsis, Marat
name: Volansky, Tomer
name: Walsh, Jonathan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new tagger which aims at identifying partially reconstructed objects, in which only some of the constituents are collected in a single jet. As an example, we focus on top decays in which either part of the hadronically decaying W or the b jet is soft or falls outside of the top jet cone. We construct an observable to identify remnant substructure from the decay and employ aggressive jet grooming to reject QCD backgrounds. The tagger is complementary to existing ones and works well in the intermediate boost regime where jet substructure techniques usually fail. It is anticipated that a similar tagger can be used to identify non-QCD hadronic jets, such as those expected from hidden valleys.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Electronic structures of [001]- and [111]-oriented InSb and GaSb free-standing nanowires
Creators: name: Liao, Gaohua
name: Luo, Ning
name: Yang, Zhihu
name: Chen, Keqiu
name: Xu, H. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a theoretical study of the electronic structures of InSb and GaSb nanowires oriented along the [001] and [111] crystallographic directions. The nanowires are described by atomistic, spin-orbit inteaction included, tight-binding models, and the band structures and the wave functions of the nanowires are calculated by means of a Lanczos iteration algorithm. For the [001]-oriented InSb and GaSb nanowires, the systems with both square and rectangular cross sections are considered. Here, it is found that all the energy bands are double degenerate. Furthermore, although the lowest conduction bands in these nanowires show good parabolic dispersions, the top valence bands show rich and complex structures. In particular, the topmost valence bands of these nanowires with a square cross section show a double maximum structure. In the nanowires with a rectangular cross section, this double maximum structure is suppressed and top valence bands gradually develop into parabolic bands as the aspect ratio of the cross section is increased. For the [111]-oriented InSb and GaSb nanowires, the systems with hexagonal cross sections are considered. It is found that all the bands at the Γ-point are again double degenerate. However, some of them will split into non-degenerate bands when the wave vector moves away from the Γ-point. Furthermore, although the lowest conduction bands again show good parabolic dispersions, the topmost valence bands do not show the double maximum structure but, instead, a single maximum structure with its maximum at a wave vector slightly away from the Γ-point. We also investigate the effects of quantum confinement on the band structures of the [001]- and [111]-oriented InSb and GaSb nanowires and present an empirical formula for the description of quantization energies of the band edge states in the nanowires.
description: 17 pages, 19 figures
Dysfunction of the noradrenergic system drives inflammation, α-synucleinopathy, and neuronal loss in mouse colon
Creators: name: Wilson, Belinda
name: Gao, Hui-Ming
name: Hong, Jau-Shyong
name: Shih, Yen-Yu Ian
name: Wang, Qingshan
name: Tu, Dezhen
name: Meng, Chengbo
name: Liu, Jie
name: Song, Sheng
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2023

description: Clinical and pathological evidence revealed that α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology seen in PD patients starts in the gut and spreads via anatomically connected structures from the gut to the brain. Our previous study demonstrated that depletion of central norepinephrine (NE) disrupted brain immune homeostasis, producing a spatiotemporal order of neurodegeneration in the mouse brain. The purpose of this study was 1) to determine the role of peripheral noradrenergic system in the maintenance of gut immune homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of PD and 2) to investigate whether NE-depletion induced PD-like α-syn pathological changes starts from the gut. For these purposes, we investigated time-dependent changes of α-synucleinopathy and neuronal loss in the gut following a single injection of DSP-4 (a selective noradrenergic neurotoxin) to A53T-SNCA (human mutant α-syn) over-expression mice. We found DPS-4 significantly reduced the tissue level of NE and increased immune activities in gut, characterized by increased number of phagocytes and proinflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, a rapid-onset of α-syn pathology was observed in enteric neurons after 2 weeks and delayed dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra was detected after 3-5 months, associated with the appearance of constipation and impaired motor function, respectively. The increased α-syn pathology was only observed in large, but not in the small, intestine, which is similar to what was observed in PD patients. Mechanistic studies reveal that DSP-4-elicited upregulation of NADPH oxidase (NOX2) initially occurred only in immune cells during the acute intestinal inflammation stage, and then spread to enteric neurons and mucosal epithelial cells during the chronic inflammation stage. The upregulation of neuronal NOX2 correlated well with the extent of α-syn aggregation and subsequent enteric neuronal loss, suggesting that NOX2-generated reactive oxygen species play a key role in α-synucleinopathy. Moreover, inhibiting NOX2 by diphenyleneiodonium or restoring NE function by salmeterol (a β2-receptor agonist) significantly attenuated colon inflammation, α-syn aggregation/propagation, and enteric neurodegeneration in the colon and ameliorated subsequent behavioral deficits. Taken together, our model of PD shows a progressive pattern of pathological changes from the gut to the brain and suggests a potential role of the noradrenergic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD.
Development of Eugenia grataExtract Film Strip for Oral Hygiene
Creators: name: Wandee Rungseevijitprapa
Publisher: name: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences KKU MSU UBU
Year: 2007
Subjects: Film strip, Eugenia grata, oral hygiene, antimicrobial activity, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis

description: Isan Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences, 3, 1, 17-24
First Detection of UV emission from a Detached Dust Shell: GALEX Observations of the Carbon AGB Star U Hya
Creators: name: Sanchez, E.
name: Montez, R.
name: Ramstedt, S.
name: Stassun, K. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of an extended ring of ultraviolet emission surrounding the AGB star U Hya in archival observations performed by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX). This is the third discovery of extended UV emission from a carbon AGB star and the first from an AGB star with a detached shell. From imaging and photometric analysis of the FUV and NUV images, we determined that the ultraviolet ring has a radius of $\sim 110^{\prime\prime}$, thus indicating that the emitting material is likely associated with the detached shell seen in the infrared. We find that scattering of the central point source of NUV and FUV emission by the dust shell is negligible. Moreover, we find that scattering of the interstellar radiation field by the dust shell can contribute at most $\sim10%$ of the FUV flux. Morphological and photometric evidence suggests that shocks caused by the star's motion through space and, possibly, shock-excited H$_2$ molecules are the most likely origins of the UV flux. In contrast to previous examples of extended UV emission from AGB stars, the extended UV emission from U Hya does not show a bow shock-like structure, which is consistent with a lower space velocity and lower interstellar medium density. This suggests the detached dust shell is the source of the UV emitting material and can be used to better understand the formation of detached shells.
description: Accepted by ApJ Letters; happy holidays! http://rudyphd.com/uhyawreath.gif
A search for non-pulsating, chemically normal stars in the $δ$ Scuti instability strip using Kepler data
Creators: name: Murphy, Simon J.
name: Bedding, Timothy R.
name: Niemczura, Ewa
name: Kurtz, Donald W.
name: Smalley, Barry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify stars in the $δ$ Sct instability strip that do not pulsate in p modes at the 50-$μ$mag limit, using Kepler data. Spectral classification and abundance analyses from high-resolution spectroscopy allow us to identify chemically peculiar stars, in which the absence of pulsations is not surprising. The remaining stars are chemically normal, yet they are not $δ$ Sct stars. Their lack of observed p modes cannot be explained through any known mechanism. However, they are mostly distributed around the edges of the $δ$ Sct instability strip, which allows for the possibility that they actually lie outside the strip once the uncertainties are taken into account. We investigated the possibility that the non-pulsators inside the instability strip could be unresolved binary systems, having components that both lie outside the instability strip. If misinterpreted as single stars, we found that such binaries could generate temperature discrepancies of $\sim$300 K -- larger than the spectroscopic uncertainties, and fully consistent with the observations. After these considerations, there remains one chemically normal non-pulsator that lies in the middle of the instability strip. This star is a challenge to pulsation theory. However, its existence as the only known star of its kind indicates that such stars are rare. We conclude that the $δ$ Sct instability strip is pure, unless pulsation is shut down by diffusion or another mechanism, which could be interaction with a binary companion.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures of which 4 are in colour. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Single Molecule DNA Detection with an Atomic Vapor Notch Filter
Creators: name: Uhland, Denis
name: Rendler, Torsten
name: Widmann, Matthias
name: Lee, Sang-Yun
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
name: Gerhardt, Ilja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of single molecules has facilitated many advances in life- and material-sciences. Commonly, it founds on the fluorescence detection of single molecules, which are for example attached to the structures under study. For fluorescence microscopy and sensing the crucial parameters are the collection and detection efficiency, such that photons can be discriminated with low background from a labeled sample. Here we show a scheme for filtering the excitation light in the optical detection of single stranded labeled DNA molecules. We use the narrow-band filtering properties of a hot atomic vapor to filter the excitation light from the emitted fluorescence of a single emitter. The choice of atomic sodium allows for the use of fluorescent dyes, which are common in life-science. This scheme enables efficient photon detection, and a statistical analysis proves an enhancement of the optical signal of more than 15% in a confocal and in a wide-field configuration.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
IRAS16547-4247: A New Candidate of a Protocluster Unveiled with ALMA
Creators: name: Higuchi, Aya E.
name: Saigo, Kazuya
name: Chibueze, James O.
name: Sanhueza, Patricio
name: Takakuwa, Shigehisa
name: Garay, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of continuum and 12CO(3-2) and CH3OH(7-6) line observations of IRAS16547-4247 made with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at an angular resolution of ~0.5". The 12CO(3-2) emission shows two high-velocity outflows whose driving sources are located within the dust continuum peak. The alignment of these outflows do not coincide with that of the wide-angle, large scale, bipolar outflow detected with APEX in previous studies. The CH3OH(7-6) line emission traces an hourglass structure associated with the cavity walls created by the outflow lobes. Taking into account our results together with the position of the H2O and class I CH3OH maser clusters, we discuss two possible scenarios that can explain the hourglass structure observed in IRAS16547-4247: (1) precession of a biconical jet, (2) multiple, or at least two, driving sources powering intersecting outflows. Combining the available evidence, namely, the presence of two cross-aligned bipolar outflows and two different H2O maser groups, we suggest that IRAS16547-4247 represents an early formation phase of a protocluster.
description: Accepted by ApJL
Ground-states of spin-1 bosons in asymmetric double-wells
Creators: name: Carvalho, D. W. S.
name: Foerster, A.
name: Gusmão, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate the different states of a system of spin-1 bosons in two potential wells connected by tunneling, with spin-dependent interaction. The model utilizes the well-known Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, adding a local interaction term that depends on the modulus of the total spin in a well, favoring a high- or low-spin state for different signs of the coupling constant. We employ the concept of fidelity to detect critical values of parameters for which the ground state undergoes significant changes. The nature of the states is investigated through evaluation of average occupation numbers in the wells and of spin correlations. A more detailed analysis is done for a two-particle system, but a discussion of the three-particle case and some results for larger numbers are also presented.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
Why we do what we do. A brief analysis of cancer therapies
Creators: name: Galmarini, Carlos M.
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: neoplasm
molecular targeted therapies
immunotherapy
artificial intelligence
antiangiogenic agents

description: The goal of all medical activity is to preserve health in fit people, and to restore the sick into a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing. In an effort to determine whether we are achieving this last goal in oncology, herein we review the biological and clinical framework that has led to the foundations of the current anticancer treatment paradigm. Currently, cancer therapy is still based on the ancient axiom that states that the complete eradication of the tumor burden is the only way to achieve a cure. This strategy has led to a substantial improvement in survival rates as cancer mortality rates have dropped in an unprecedented way. Despite this progress, more than 9 million people still die from cancer every year, indicating that the current treatment strategy is not leading to a cancer cure, but to a cancer remission, that is “the temporary absence of manifestations of a particular disease”; after months or years of remission, in most patients, cancer will inevitably recur. Our critical analysis indicates that it is time to discuss about the new key challenges and future directions in clinical oncology. We need to generate novel treatment strategies more suited to the current clinical reality.
description: EXCLI Journal; 19:Doc1401; ISSN 1611-2156
Generalized parton distributions in the soft-wall model of AdS/QCD
Creators: name: Sharma, Neetika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical analysis of helicity independent nucleon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) using the known formalism based on inclusion of higher Fock states in the soft-wall approach of the anti-de Sitter/QCD model. We calculate the momentum space GPDs by matching the electromagnetic form factors in the AdS model to the sum rules in QCD. We investigate their Mellin moments, transverse impact parameter GPDs, transverse mean square radius, and transverse width. We further extend this work to investigate the charge and anomalous magnetization densities for both unpolarized and transversely polarized nucleons. A comparison of results on density functions with phenomenological parametrization is also presented.
The Anisotropy of the Extragalactic Radio Background from Dark Matter Annihilation
Creators: name: Fang, Ke
name: Linden, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of the extragalactic radio background have uncovered a significant isotropic emission across multiple frequencies spanning from 22 MHz to 10 GHz. The intensity of this non-thermal emission component significantly exceeds the expected contribution from known astrophysical sources. Interestingly, models have indicated that the annihilation of dark matter particles may reproduce both the flux and spectrum of the excess. However, the lack of a measurable anisotropy in the residual emission remains challenging for both dark matter and standard astrophysical interpretations of the ARCADE-2 data. We calculate the expected synchrotron anisotropy from dark matter annihilation and show that these models can produce very small anisotropies, though this requires galaxy clusters to have large substructure contributions and strong magnetic fields. We show that this constraint can be significantly relaxed, however, in scenarios where electrons produced via dark matter annihilation can be efficiently reaccelerated by Alfvén waves in the intra-Cluster medium. Our analysis indicates that any source capable of explaining the intensity and isotropy of the extragalactic radio excess must have a spatial extension far larger than typical for baryons in galaxies, suggesting a novel physics interpretation.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Modified Gravity Black Holes and their Observable Shadows
Creators: name: Moffat, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shadows cast by non-rotating and rotating modified gravity (MOG) black holes are determined by the two parameters mass $M$ and angular momentum $J=Ma$. The sizes of the shadows cast by the spherically symmetric static Schwarzschild-MOG and Kerr-MOG rotating black holes increase significantly as the free parameter $α$ is increased from zero. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) shadow image measurements can determine whether Einstein's general relativity is correct or whether it should be modified in the presence of strong gravitational fields.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
A Self-synchronized Image Encryption Scheme
Creators: name: Daneshgar, Amir
name: Khadem, Behrooz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, a word based chaotic image encryption scheme for gray images is proposed, that can be used in both synchronous and self-synchronous modes. The encryption scheme operates in a finite field where we have also analyzed its performance according to numerical precision used in implementation. We show that the scheme not only passes a variety of security tests, but also it is verified that the proposed scheme operates faster than other existing schemes of the same type even when using lightweight short key sizes.
SL(2,C) Chern-Simons Theory, a non-Planar Graph Operator, and 4D Loop Quantum Gravity with a Cosmological Constant: Semiclassical Geometry
Creators: name: Haggard, Hal M.
name: Han, Muxin
name: Kamiński, Wojciech
name: Riello, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the expectation value of a nonplanar Wilson graph operator in SL(2,C) Chern-Simons theory on $S^3$. In particular we analyze its asymptotic behaviour in the double-scaling limit in which both the representation labels and the Chern-Simons coupling are taken to be large, but with fixed ratio. When the Wilson graph operator has a specific form, motivated by loop quantum gravity, the critical point equations obtained in this double-scaling limit describe a very specific class of flat connection on the graph complement manifold. We find that flat connections in this class are in correspondence with the geometries of constant curvature 4-simplices. The result is fully non-perturbative from the perspective of the reconstructed geometry. We also show that the asymptotic behavior of the amplitude contains at the leading order an oscillatory part proportional to the Regge action for the single 4-simplex in the presence of a cosmological constant. In particular, the cosmological term contains the full-fledged curved volume of the 4-simplex. Interestingly, the volume term stems from the asymptotics of the Chern-Simons action. This can be understood as arising from the relation between Chern-Simons theory on the boundary of a region, and a theory defined by an $F^2$ action in the bulk. Another peculiarity of our approach is that the sign of the curvature of the reconstructed geometry, and hence of the cosmological constant in the Regge action, is not fixed a priori, but rather emerges semiclassically and dynamically from the solution of the equations of motion. In other words, this work suggests a relation between 4-dimensional loop quantum gravity with a cosmological constant and SL(2,C) Chern-Simons theory in 3-dimensions with knotted graph defects.
description: 54+11 pages, 9 figures
Inhomogeneous multi-carrier superconductivity at LaXO3/SrTiO3 (X=Al or Ti) oxide interfaces
Creators: name: Caprara, S.
name: Bucheli, D.
name: Scopigno, N.
name: Bergeal, N.
name: Biscaras, J.
name: Hurand, S.
name: Lesueur, J.
name: Grilli, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several experiments reveal the inhomogeneous character of the superconducting state that occurs when the carrier density of the two-dimensional electron gas formed at the LaXO3/SrTiO3 (X=Al or Ti) interface is tuned above a threshold value by means of gating. Re-analyzing previous measurements, that highlight the presence of two kinds of carriers, with low and high mobility, we shall provide a description of multi-carrier magneto-transport in an inhomogeneous two-dimensional electron gas, gaining insight into the properties of the physics of the systems under investigation. We shall then show that the measured resistance, superfluid density, and tunneling spectra result from the percolative connection of superconducting "puddles" with randomly distributed critical temperatures, embedded in a weakly localizing metallic matrix. We shall also show that this scenario is consistent with the characteristics of the superconductor-to-metal transition driven by a magnetic field. A multi-carrier description of the superconducting state, within a weak-coupling BCS-like model, will be finally discussed.
description: 12 pages 10 figures
Efimov physics and universal trimer in spin-orbit coupled ultracold atomic mixtures
Creators: name: Shi, Zhe-Yu
name: Zhai, Hui
name: Cui, Xiaoling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the two-body and three-body bound states in ultracold atomic mixtures with one of the atoms subjected to an isotropic spin-orbit (SO) coupling. We consider a system of two identical fermions interacting with one SO coupled atom. It is found that there can exist two types of three-body bound states, Efimov trimers and universal trimers. The Efimov trimers are energetically less favored by the SO coupling, which will finally merge into the atom-dimer threshold as increasing the SO coupling strength. Nevertheless, these trimers exhibit a new kind of discrete scaling law incorporating the SO coupling effect. On the other hand, the universal trimers are more favored by the SO coupling. They can be induced at negative s-wave scattering lengths and with smaller mass ratios than those without SO coupling. These results are obtained by both the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and exact solutions from three-body equations.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among resource-limited adults diagnosed with chronic illness
Creators: name: Wheeler, Stephanie B.
name: Gallagher, Kathleen D.
name: Angove, Rebekah S. M.
name: Anderson, Eric
name: Biddell, Caitlin B.
name: Rocque, Gabrielle
name: Spees, Lisa P.
name: Christenbury, Ashley
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2023

description: Background Despite the use of interventions (e.g., monetary incentives, educational campaigns, on-site workplace vaccination) to increase COVID-19 vaccination, differences in uptake persist by poverty level, insurance status, geography, race, and ethnicity, suggesting that these interventions may not be adequately addressing the barriers faced by these populations. Among a sample of resource-limited individuals with chronic illnesses, we (1) described the prevalence of different types of barriers to the COVID-19 vaccination and (2) identified associations between patients' sociodemographic characteristics and barriers to vaccination. Methods We surveyed a national sample of patients with chronic illness and demonstrated healthcare affordability and/or access challenges about barriers to COVID-19 vaccination in July 2021. We categorized participant responses into cost, transportation, informational, and attitudinal barrier domains and assessed the prevalence of each domain, both overall and by self-reported vaccination status. Using logistic regression models, we examined unadjusted and adjusted associations between respondent characteristics (sociodemographic, geographic, and healthcare access) and self-reported barriers to vaccination. Results Of 1,342 respondents in the analytic sample, 20% (264/1,342) reported informational barriers and 9% (126/1,342) reported attitudinal barriers to COVID-19 vaccination. Transportation and cost barriers were reported much less commonly, by only 1.1% (15/1,342) and 0.7% (10/1,342) of the sample, respectively. Controlling for all other characteristics, respondents with either a specialist as their usual source of care or no usual source of care had an 8.4 (95% CI: 1.7–15.1) and 18.1 (95% CI: 4.3–32.0) percentage point higher predicted probability, respectively, of reporting informational barriers to care. Compared to females, males had an 8.4% point (95% CI: 5.5–11.4) lower predicted probability of reporting attitudinal barriers. Only attitudinal barriers were associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake.ConclusionAmong a sample of adults with chronic illnesses who had received financial assistance and case management services from a national non-profit, informational and attitudinal barriers were more commonly reported than logistical or structural access barriers (i.e., transportation and cost barriers). Interventions should target attitudinal barriers among patients with chronic illness, who may have particular concerns about the interaction of the vaccine with ongoing medical care. Additionally, interventions targeting informational barriers are particularly needed among individuals without a usual source of care.
Pressure-induced electronic phase separation of magnetism and superconductivity in CrAs
Creators: name: Khasanov, R.
name: Guguchia, Z.
name: Eremin, I.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Amato, A.
name: Biswas, P. K.
name: Rüegg, Ch.
name: Susner, M. A.
name: Sefat, A. S.
name: Zhigadlo, N. D.
name: Morenzoni, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of pressure induced superconductivity in the binary helimagnet CrAs has attracted much attention. How superconductivity emerges from the magnetic state and what is the mechanism of the superconducting pairing are two important issues which need to be resolved. In the present work, the suppression of magnetism and the occurrence of superconductivity in CrAs as a function of pressure ($p$) were studied by means of muon spin rotation. The magnetism remains bulk up to $p\simeq3.5$~kbar while its volume fraction gradually decreases with increasing pressure until it vanishes at $p\simeq$7~kbar. At 3.5 kbar superconductivity abruptly appears with its maximum $T_c \simeq 1.2$~K which decreases upon increasing the pressure. In the intermediate pressure region ($3.5\lesssim p\lesssim 7$~kbar) the superconducting and the magnetic volume fractions are spatially phase separated and compete for phase volume. Our results indicate that the less conductive magnetic phase provides additional carriers (doping) to the superconducting parts of the CrAs sample thus leading to an increase of the transition temperature ($T_c$) and of the superfluid density ($ρ_s$). A scaling of $ρ_s$ with $T_c^{3.2}$ as well as the phase separation between magnetism and superconductivity point to a conventional mechanism of the Cooper-pairing in CrAs.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Separation and Electrical Properties of Self-Organized Graphene/Graphite Layers
Creators: name: Mailian, Manuel R.
name: Mailian, Aram R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intrinsic layered structure of graphite is the source of ongoing and expanding search of ways of obtaining low-cost and promising graphite thin layers. We report on a novel method of obtaining and separating rubbed graphite sheets by using water soluble NaCl substrate. The electrical behavior of sheets was characterized by current-voltage measurements. An in-plane electrical unisotropy depending on rubbing direction is discovered. Optical microscopy observations combined with discovered non-linear electrical behavior revealed that friction leads to the formation of sheet makeup which contain an optically transparent lamina of self-organized few-layer graphene.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
The streamwise turbulence intensity in the intermediate layer of turbulent pipe flow
Creators: name: Vassilicos, J. C.
name: Laval, J. -P.
name: Foucaut, J. -M.
name: Stanislas, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral model of Perry, Henbest & Chong (1986) predicts that the integral length-scale varies very slowly with distance to the wall in the intermediate layer. The only way for the integral length scale's variation to be more realistic while keeping with the Townsend-Perry attached eddy spectrum is to add a new wavenumber range to the model at wavenumbers smaller than that spectrum. This necessary addition can also account for the high Reynolds number outer peak of the turbulent kinetic energy in the intermediate layer. An analytic expression is obtained for this outer peak in agreement with extremely high Reynolds number data by Hultmark, Vallikivi, Bailey & Smits (2012, 2013). The finding of Dallas, Vassilicos & Hewitt (2009) that it is the eddy turnover time and not the mean flow gradient which scales with distance to the wall and skin friction velocity in the intermediate layer implies, when combined with Townsend's (1976) production-dissipation balance, that the mean flow gradient has an outer peak at the same location as the turbulent kinetic energy. This is seen in the data of Hultmark, Vallikivi, Bailey & Smits (2012, 2013). The same approach also predicts that the mean flow gradient has a logarithmic decay at distances to the wall larger than the position of the outer peak, a qualitative prediction which the aforementioned data also support.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Hamilton-Jacobi Formalism for Tachyon Inflation
Creators: name: Aghamohammadi, A.
name: Mohammadi, A.
name: Golanbari, T.
name: Saaidi, Kh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tachyon inflation is reconsidered by using the recent observational data obtained from Planck-2013 and BICEP2. The Hamilton-Jacobi formalism is picked out as a desirable approach in this work, which allows one to easily obtain the main parameters of the model. The Hubble parameter is supposed as a power-law and exponential function of the scalar field, and each case is considered separately. The constraints on the model, which come from observational data, are explained during the work. The results show a suitable value for the tensor spectral index and an appropriate form of the potential.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures