cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic terahertz optostriction in group-IV monochalcogenide compounds
Creators: name: Liu, Kun
name: Zhou, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Terahertz (THz) technology is a cutting-edge scheme with various promising applications, such as next generation telecommunication, non-destructive evaluation, security check, and in-depth characterization, owing to their sensitivity to material geometric change and good transparency. Even though tremendous progresses have been made during the past decade, exploration the mechanisms of THz-matter interaction microscopically is still in its infancy. In this work, we use thermodynamic theory to show how THz illumination deforms materials and use group-IV monochalcogenide compounds to illustrate it. According to our first-principles density functional theory calculations, THz light with intermediate intensity (~109 W/cm2) could yield elastic deformations on the order of ~0.1%, depending on laser polarization direction. Large anisotropic opto-mechanical responses are also revealed. Finally, we show that such strain can be detected via measuring the layer-resolved shift current under a probe light irradiation.
description: 7 figures, accepted for publication in PRB
Irreducible Pythagorean representations of R. Thompson's groups and of the Cuntz algebra
Creators: name: Brothier, Arnaud
name: Wijesena, Dilshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce the Pythagorean dimension: a natural number (or infinity) for all representations of the Cuntz algebra and certain unitary representations of the Richard Thompson groups called Pythagorean. For each natural number d we completely classify (in a functorial manner) all such representations using finite dimensional linear algebra. Their irreducible classes form a real manifold of dimension $2d^2+1$ playing the role of a moduli space. Apart from a finite disjoint union of circles, each point of the manifold corresponds to an irreducible unitary representation of Thompson's group F (which extends to the other Thompson groups and the Cuntz algebra) that is not monomial. The remaining circles provide monomial representations which we previously fully described and classified. We translate in our language a large number of previous results in the literature. We explain how our techniques extend them.
description: 49 pages, 5 figures
Multilevel Governance for Forests and Climate Change: Learning from Southern Mexico
Creators: name: Rantala, Salla
name: Hajjar, Reem
name: Skutsch, Margaret
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) involves global and national policy measures as well as effective action at the landscape scale across productive sectors. Multilevel governance (MLG) characterizes policy processes and regimes of cross-scale and cross-sector participation by multiple public and private actors for improved legitimacy and effectiveness of policy. We examine multilevel, multi-actor engagement in REDD+ planning in Quintana Roo, Mexico, to find out how local perspectives align with the national policy approach to REDD+ as an integrating element of holistic rural development at territorial scale, and how current practices support procedurally legitimate MLG required to implement it. We find that there is wide conceptual agreement on the proposed approach by a variety of involved actors, in rejection of the business-as-usual sectoral interventions. Its implementation, however, is challenged by gaps in horizontal and vertical integration due to strong sectoral identities and hierarchies, and de facto centralization of power at the federal level. Continued participation of multiple government and civil society actors to contribute to social learning for locally appropriate REDD+ actions is likely to require a more balanced distribution of resources and influence across levels. Meaningfully engaging and ensuring the representation of local community interests in the process remains a critical challenge.
title: Looking At the Past and Heading to the Future
title: Meeting Summary of the 6th European Workshop on Plant Chromatin 2019 in Cologne, Germany
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Moreno-Romero, Jordi
name: Probst, Aline V.
name: Trindade, Inês
name: Kalyanikrishna
name: Engelhorn, Julia
name: Farrona, Sara
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: EWPC2019
subject: chromatin
subject: epigenetics
subject: transcription
subject: nucleus
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: In June 2019, more than a hundred plant researchers met in Cologne, Germany, for the 6th European Workshop on Plant Chromatin (EWPC). This conference brought together a highly dynamic community of researchers with the common aim to understand how chromatin organization controls gene expression, development, and plant responses to the environment. New evidence showing how epigenetic states are set, perpetuated, and inherited were presented, and novel data related to the three-dimensional organization of chromatin within the nucleus were discussed. At the level of the nucleosome, its composition by different histone variants and their specialized histone deposition complexes were addressed as well as the mechanisms involved in histone post-translational modifications and their role in gene expression. The keynote lecture on plant DNA methylation by Julie Law (SALK Institute) and the tribute session to Lars Hennig, honoring the memory of one of the founders of the EWPC who contributed to promote the plant chromatin and epigenetic field in Europe, added a very special note to this gathering. In this perspective article we summarize some of the most outstanding data and advances on plant chromatin research presented at this workshop.
Unraveling a cavity induced molecular polarization mechanism from collective vibrational strong coupling
Creators: name: Sidler, Dominik
name: Schnappinger, Thomas
name: Obzhirov, Anatoly
name: Ruggenthaler, Michael
name: Kowalewski, Markus
name: Rubio, Angel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that collective vibrational strong coupling of molecules in thermal equilibrium can give rise to significant local electronic polarizations in the thermodynamic limit. We do so by first showing that the full non-relativistic Pauli-Fierz problem of an ensemble of strongly-coupled molecules in the dilute-gas limit reduces in the cavity Born-Oppenheimer approximation to a cavity-Hartree equation for the electronic structure. Consequently, each individual molecule experiences a self-consistent coupling to the dipoles of all other molecules, which amount to non-negligible values in the thermodynamic limit (large ensembles). Thus collective vibrational strong coupling can alter individual molecules strongly for localized "hotspots" within the ensemble. Moreover, the discovered cavity-induced polarization pattern possesses a zero net polarization, which resembles a continuous form of a spin glass (or better polarization glass). Our findings suggest that the thorough understanding of polaritonic chemistry, requires a self-consistent treatment of dressed electronic structure, which can give rise to numerous, so far overlooked, physical mechanisms.
Judgments of effort exerted by others are influenced by received rewards
Creators: name: Rollwage, Max
name: Pannach, Franziska
name: Stinson, Caedyn
name: Toelch, Ulf
name: Kagan, Igor
name: Pooresmaeili, Arezoo
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cooperation
subject: Social behaviour
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Estimating invested effort is a core dimension for evaluating own and others’ actions, and views on the relationship between effort and rewards are deeply ingrained in various societal attitudes. Internal representations of effort, however, are inherently noisy, e.g. due to the variability of sensorimotor and visceral responses to physical exertion. The uncertainty in effort judgments is further aggravated when there is no direct access to the internal representations of exertion – such as when estimating the effort of another person. Bayesian cue integration suggests that this uncertainty can be resolved by incorporating additional cues that are predictive of effort, e.g. received rewards. We hypothesized that judgments about the effort spent on a task will be influenced by the magnitude of received rewards. Additionally, we surmised that such influence might further depend on individual beliefs regarding the relationship between hard work and prosperity, as exemplified by a conservative work ethic. To test these predictions, participants performed an effortful task interleaved with a partner and were informed about the obtained reward before rating either their own or the partner’s effort. We show that higher rewards led to higher estimations of exerted effort in self-judgments, and this effect was even more pronounced for other-judgments. In both types of judgment, computational modelling revealed that reward information and sensorimotor markers of exertion were combined in a Bayes-optimal manner in order to reduce uncertainty. Remarkably, the extent to which rewards influenced effort judgments was associated with conservative world-views, indicating links between this phenomenon and general beliefs about the relationship between effort and earnings in society.
Transient behavior of three SU UMa-type dwarf novae; AR Pic, QW Ser and V521 Peg
Creators: name: Szegedi, Hélène
name: Charles, Philip A.
name: Meintjes, Pieter J.
name: Odendaal, Alida
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Changes in the supercycle lengths of some SU UMa-type dwarf novae have been detected by other studies, and indicate that the mass transfer rates noticeably decrease over time. We investigated the supercycle lengths of three SU UMa-type dwarf novae: AR Pic, QW Ser and V521 Peg, to determine if they have detectable changes in their supercycles. We present the results of optical spectroscopic and photometric observations of these sources. Our observations were conducted in 2016 and 2017 at the Boyden Observatory and the Sutherland station of the South African Astronomical Observatory. The quiescent results indicated that all three sources are typical SU UMa-type dwarf novae. We also present results of AR Pic and QW Ser in outburst and of V521 Peg during a precursor outburst and superoutburst. Light curves were supplemented by the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey, the ASAS-3 and ASAS-SN archives, and the AAVSO International database in order to investigate the long-term behavior of these sources. Our results combined with catalogued properties for all short-period dwarf novae, shows a possible relationship between the supercycle time in SU UMa systems and their orbital periods, which is interpreted as the decline in the mass transfer rate as systems evolve toward and away from the 'period minimum'. At the shortest orbital periods, SU UMa systems are almost indistinguishable from WZ Sge systems. However, we propose that the scaleheight between the secondary's photosphere and L1 may be a factor that distinguish the SU UMa subclasses.
description: 14 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Improvement of Oxygen‐Depolarized Cathodes in Highly Alkaline Media by Electrospinning of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Barrier Layers
Creators: name: Gebhard, Marcus
name: Tichter, Tim
name: Franzen, David
name: Paulisch, Melanie C.
name: Schutjajew, Konstantin
name: Turek, Thomas
name: Manke, Ingo
name: Roth, Christina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: chlor-alkali electrolysis
subject: electrospinning
subject: gas diffusion electrode
subject: oxygen-depolarized cathode
subject: oxygen reduction reaction
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::572 Biochemie

description: Oxygen‐depolarized cathodes (ODC) were developed for chlor‐alkali electrolysis to replace the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) providing electrical energy savings up to 30 % under industrially relevant conditions. These electrodes consist of micro sized silver grains and polytetrafluoroethylene, forming a homogeneous electrode structure. In this work, we report on the modification of ODCs by implementing an electrospun layer of hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) into the ODC structure, leading to a significantly enhanced ORR performance. The modified electrodes are physically characterized by liquid flow porometry, contact angle measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical characterization is performed by linear sweep voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. The overpotential for ORR at application near conditions could be reduced by up to 75 mV at 4 kA m−2 and 135 mV at a higher current density of 9.5 kA m−2. Consequently, we propose that modifying ODCs by electrospinning is an effective and cost‐efficient way to further reduce the energy demand of the ORR in highly alkaline media.
Atomistic simulation of fission products in zirconia polymorphs
Creators: name: Kenich, Alexandros
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Zirconium alloys are used as a cladding material in most nuclear reactors worldwide due to properties uniquely suited to the operating environment of a reactor. In this thesis, density functional theory (DFT) simulations were conducted to investigate the behaviour of fission product dopants in the inner cladding oxide, and to examine the role this layer plays in limiting corrosion in the context of pellet-cladding interaction (PCI). Simulations in undoped monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic ZrO$_{2}$ yielded structure properties in addition to intrinsic defect energies, volumes and defect equilibria. Fully-charged Schottky defects \{2\ch{V_{O}^{**}}:\ch{V_{Zr}^{''''}}\}$^{\times}$ had the smallest formation energies in each phase, followed by O Frenkels and then Zr Frenkels. Defective cubic ZrO$_{2}$ simulations are sensitive to finite-size effects, and would often break symmetry or collapse into the tetragonal phase when defect clusters were introduced. Free energy calculations predicted a transition from monoclinic to tetragonal as temperature was increased, but not from tetragonal to cubic. Iodine defects adopt oxidation states of +1 (\ch{I_{O}^{***}}, \ch{I_{i}^{*}} and \ch{I_{Zr}^{'''}}) or -1 (\ch{I_{O}^{*}}) in ZrO$_{2}$ , with fewer defects in the 0 oxidation state (\ch{I_{O}^{**}}). At high oxygen partial pressures ($p_{O_{2}}$), iodine defects in tetragonal ZrO$_{2}$ fall significantly. Iodine defects in monoclinic ZrO$_{2}$ changed by small amounts as $p_{O_{2}}$ was increased. This demonstrated competition between iodine and oxygen in ZrO$_{2}$, and that it is dependent on both $p_{O_{2}}$ and phase. High $p_{O_{2}}$ in the tetragonal phase provides the greatest barrier to iodine ingress. During reactor power ramps, the quantity of fission products implanted in the oxide layer will increase. Decay rates of Te and I isotopes were found to be commensurate with time to failure in irradiation tests. Defect equilibria and volumes of Te, I, Xe and Cs were obtained in tetragonal ZrO$_{2}$ to investigate the effect of nuclear transmutation while dopant atoms are present. Defect evolution on the O site is predicted to be \ch{Te_{O}^{**}} -> \ch{I_{O}^{*}} -> \ch{Xe_{O}^{**}} -> \ch{Cs_{O}^{**}}. On the Zr site, Brouwer diagrams predict \ch{Te_{Zr}^{'''}} -> \ch{I_{Zr}^{'''}} -> \ch{Xe_{Zr}^{''''}} ->\ch{Cs_{Zr}^{'''}}. These defects have large defect volumes and will generate stresses which may promote crack formation.
Investigating the AC Hall effect as a characterisation tool for organic semiconductors
Creators: name: Kilmurray, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Organic semiconductors (OSCs) can be utilised in electronic devices to create a new range of electronic applications. These can be printed over large area flexible substrates, creating lightweight and low-cost alternatives to conventional silicon-based electronics. However, the production of high mobility OSCs, required for optimal device performance, is stunted by a shortage of electrical characterisation methods capable of directly measuring the intrinsic charge-transport properties. This problem can be resolved through the use of the Hall effect, however, conventional instruments do not possess the sensitivity required to probe the weak Hall signals that OSCs produce. This study investigates whether utilisation of the AC Hall effect method which contains an alternating current (AC) magnetic field along with a phase-sensitive lock-in amplifier could resolve the small Hall voltages that OSCs produce. Initial experiments in this thesis focused on measuring the AC Hall effect at a low magnetic field (\textit{B\textsubscript{rms}} = 1.19 T) in a range of small molecule and polymeric semiconductors typically utilised in organic electronic devices. Despite the enhanced instrumental sensitivity, this method did not increase the poor signal-to-noise ratio produced by the low mobility samples and all were dominated by electrical noise. Further work then focused on measuring the AC Hall voltage in RR-P3HT through modifications to the instrumental set-up. Changes were made to sample and contact geometry alongside instrumental alterations to the phase-sensitive lock-in amplifier settings. Despite attempts to optimise the methodology, the small signal-to-noise ratio of the AC Hall output could not be resolved for this polymeric semiconductor. However, AC Hall voltages of the polymeric semiconductors RR-P3HT and C14-PBTTT could be enhanced by molecular doping with the small molecular F4TCNQ. Subsequently, through the use of solution sequential and vapour methods, the onset of a clear AC Hall voltage could be detected. Therefore, the doping density, free carrier concentration and resulting charge carrier mobility at which the materials transitioned from incoherent to coherent band-like transport were measured. Through further work, the novel AC Hall method could become a powerful tool for exploring the effect of high molecular dopant concentrations in OSCs.
Multi-wavelength properties of 850-$μ$m selected sources from the North Ecliptic Pole SCUBA-2 survey
Creators: name: Shim, H.
name: Lee, D.
name: Kim, Y.
name: Scott, D.
name: Serjeant, S.
name: Ao, Y.
name: Barrufet, L.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Clements, D.
name: Conselice, C. J.
name: Goto, T.
name: Greve, T. R.
name: Hwang, H. S.
name: Im, M.
name: Jeong, W. -S.
name: Kim, H. K.
name: Kim, M.
name: Kim, S. J.
name: Kong, A. K. H.
name: Koprowski, M. P.
name: Malkan, M. A.
name: Michalowski, M.
name: Pearson, C.
name: Seo, H.
name: Takagi, T.
name: Toba, Y.
name: White, G. J.
name: Woo, J. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the multi-wavelength counterparts of 850-$μ$m selected submillimetre sources over a 2-deg$^2$ field centred on the North Ecliptic Pole. In order to overcome the large beam size (15 arcsec) of the 850-$μ$m images, deep optical to near-infrared (NIR) photometric data and arcsecond-resolution 20-cm images are used to identify counterparts of submillimetre sources. Among 647 sources, we identify 514 reliable counterparts for 449 sources (69 per cent in number), based either on probabilities of chance associations calculated from positional offsets or offsets combined with the optical-to-NIR colours. In the radio imaging, the fraction of 850-$μ$m sources having multiple counterparts is 7 per cent. The photometric redshift, infrared luminosity, stellar mass, star-formation rate (SFR), and the AGN contribution to the total infrared luminosity of the identified counterparts are investigated through spectral energy distribution fitting. The SMGs are infrared-luminous galaxies at an average $\langle z\rangle=2.5$ with $\mathrm{log}_{10} (L_\mathrm{IR}/\mathrm{L}_\odot)=11.5-13.5$, with a mean stellar mass of $\mathrm{log}_{10} (M_\mathrm{star}/\mathrm{M}_\odot)=10.90$ and SFR of $\mathrm{log}_{10} (\mathrm{SFR/M_\odot\,yr^{-1}})=2.34$. The SMGs show twice as large SFR as galaxies on the star-forming main sequence, and about 40 per cent of the SMGs are classified as objects with bursty star formation. At $z\ge4$, the contribution of AGN luminosity to total luminosity for most SMGs is larger than 30 per cent. The FIR-to-radio correlation coefficient of SMGs is consistent with that of main-sequence galaxies at $z\simeq2$.
description: 24 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Simulating the game-theoretic market equilibrium and contract-driven investment in global gas trade: How supply strategies, demand uncertainties, and trade relationships affect the long-term future
Creators: name: Guo, Yingjian
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Understanding the gas market in the medium and long-term future facilitates political and economic debate on gas business development globally. Existing models commonly simulate the optimal scenario over long time periods, missing insights on how the gas trade business may evolve. This thesis formulates a new model, Gas-GAME, in an agent-based framework, to study future gas market development and global trade scenarios. It combines a short-term game-theoretical market equilibrium, simulated via a Mixed Complementarity Problem, with the real-world contract-driven investment process in gas assets. The model captures: 1) price fluctuations resulting from investment cycles; and 2) how an individual player’s strategy, perspective, and incentives affects the gas market. Gas-GAME is applied to address the impacts of uncertain North American gas export strategies. An aggressive expansion benefits North America, but the Middle East and Australia see considerable revenue losses. Conversely, tight supply due to North American conservative expansion is observed, where Europe can become over-dependent on Russian supply. Gas-GAME-Risk extends Gas-GAME by incorporating investors’ risk. Its application to unexpected demand changes due to climate constraints shows how real-world investors shift their development focus facing uncertain markets. This work also presents the first systematic and quantitative analysis addressing the impacts of a China-US LNG trade tariff, showing a potential risk in Russian gas export. Finally, the possibility of asset stranding of gas export facilities is addressed by Gas-GAME-Spot, which advances Gas-GAME by simulating how the theoretical market equilibrium is approached through contract commitment and spot trade. This study improves stranded asset analysis by examining how market signals affect investors’ decision making. When markets see a sudden demand reduction, nearly 100 BCM/yr of North American and Australian export capacity will be stranded in 2035, due to their difficulty in competing in spot sales. The effective measures of stranding mitigation are also provided.
Revealing the disease dynamics of antigenically variable viruses
Creators: name: Hay, James
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Many viruses exhibit substantial antigenic variation, resulting in phenotypic differences between related variants of the same species. This variability poses a substantial public health burden, as hosts can be reinfected many times over their lifetime. In this thesis, I use mathematical models to capture unobserved biological processes in two antigenically variable systems: Zika and influenza. In Chapter 3, I develop a model linking Zika virus infection and the gestational risk of microcephaly. Through fitting this model to incidence data from South America, I find inconsistencies in the gestational risk profiles inferred for different locations. Motivated by the question of how prior exposure influences subsequent disease, I turn to the problem of understanding influenza exposure histories. In Chapter 4, I fit antibody kinetics models to serological data from ferrets exposed to multiple infections and vaccinations. I generate estimates for immunological parameters that may be important in explaining human antibody dynamics arising from repeated unobserved exposures. Validating these models motivates their application in human populations. Chapter 5 develops a robust statistical framework to identify unobserved influenza infections using routinely collected serological data. Model assumptions for infection histories are an important consideration, and I thoroughly explore the underlying behaviour of the inference method. Finally, in Chapter 6, I use this model to infer influenza infection histories for 1,130 individuals in southern China. This enables the reconstruction of historical influenza A/H3N2 incidence, revealing epidemiological patterns that vary across individual ages and at a small spatial scale. Together, these results demonstrate how integrating modern statistical methods, immunology and seroepidemiology may help to answer public health questions. Improved analytical methods for serological data, such as those developed in this thesis, may provide a rich new stream of augmented data and generate new insights into the life course epidemiology of antigenically variable pathogens.
On the theory and simulation of photonic condensates
Creators: name: Hesten, Henry
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Photons in a dye filled microcavity have been proven to form Bose-Einstein condensates both theoretically and experimentally. The system may also be placed in a fundamentally non- equilibrium state where multiple modes are condensed. This thesis theoretically examines some of the deviations from traditional Bose-Einstein condensate models which have been observed and which may be expected in future experiments. Unusual and potentially unseen condensed states are predicted, along with the unexpected non-critical slowing down of system evolution when in these states. A rigorous derivation of a master equation from a microscopic Hamiltonian is given in chapter two. This is used to study the multimode phases of the condensate in chapter three along with transitions between them. The temporal evolution of the condensate in various phases and close to phase boundaries is presented in chapter four. Dramatic improvements in the simulation of photonic condensates are also discussed in chapter four. These improvements also offer a conceptual shift in the theoretical description of photonic condensates which allows new insights to be made. The fifth chapter establishes a foundation of coupled rate equations which may be used to model the higher order coherences of photons and molecules in future work. Finally the transport of photons across non-standard cavities is modelled, providing guidance for future experiments and possible applications of photonic condensates.
Empowering pharmacists in asthma management through interactive SMS (EmPhAsIS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: De Vera, Mary
name: Sadatsafavi, Mohsen
name: Tsao, Nicole W.
name: Lynd, Larry D.
name: Lester, Richard T.
name: Gastonguay, Louise
name: Galo, Jessica
name: FitzGerald, J. M.
name: Brasher, Penelope
name: Marra, Carlo A.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background: Medication regimens for asthma are particularly vulnerable to adherence problems because of the requirement for long-term use and periods of symptom remission experienced by patients. Pharmacists are suited to impact medication adherence given their training, skills, and frequent contact with patients. The Empowering pharmacists in asthma management through interactive SMS (EmPhAsIS) trial involves an intervention leveraging mobile health (mHealth) technology to support community pharmacy practice with the hypothesis of improved medication adherence in asthma. Methods/Design This study is a pragmatic pharmacy-based, cluster, randomized controlled trial with 12 months of intervention delivery and follow-up. Pharmacies (the clusters) will be randomized at a 1:1 ratio to provide intervention or usual care. The EmPhAsIS intervention consists of patient asthma education, short message service (SMS)-based monthly assessment of adherence, and follow-up of non-adherent individuals by community pharmacists. There are no inclusion or exclusion criteria for pharmacies. Patients are eligible if they: are 14 years of age or older, fill a prescription for inhaled corticosteroid (either monotherapy or in a combination inhaler with long-acting beta-agonists), have been diagnosed with asthma, possess a mobile phone with SMS capabilities, and have no communication difficulties such as inability to communicate in English, or significant impairment in vision, hearing, or speech. The primary outcome is adherence to inhaled corticosteroids ascertained by the medication possession ratio, the ratio of the days of medication supplied to days in a given time interval. This study will also evaluate secondary outcomes including: asthma control, asthma-related quality of life, asthma-related hospital admissions, and use of reliever medications during the follow-up period. A nested economic evaluation using a probabilistic decision-analytic model will be used to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis from the societal perspective of the intervention compared with usual care over a 10-year time horizon. Discussion Considering the prevalence of asthma, the extent of the non-adherence problem in this disease, and the availability of effective treatments, there is a tremendous potential to reduce the burden of asthma through improving adherence. This is the first study of an intervention based on mobile communication technology involving community pharmacists in asthma management. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02170883 ; date of registration: 19 June 2014.
Red supergiant stars in binary systems. I. Identification and characterisation in the Small Magellanic Cloud from the UVIT ultraviolet imaging survey
Creators: name: Patrick, L. R.
name: Thilker, D.
name: Lennon, D. J.
name: Bianchi, L.
name: Schootemeijer, A.
name: Dorda, R.
name: Langer, N.
name: Negueruela, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to identify and characterise binary systems containing red supergiant (RSG) stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using a newly available ultraviolet (UV) point source catalogue obtained using the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on board AstroSat. We select a sample of 560 SMC RSGs based on photometric and spectroscopic observations at optical wavelengths and cross-match this with the far-UV point source catalogue using the UVIT F172M filter, finding 88 matches down to m$_{F172M}$=20.3 ABmag, which we interpret as hot companions to the RSGs. Stellar parameters (luminosities, effective temperatures and masses) for both components in all 88 binary systems are determined and we find mass distributions in the ranges 6.1 to 22.3 Solar masses for RSGs and 3.7 to 15.6 Solar masses for their companions. The most massive RSG binary system in the SMC has a combined mass of 32 $\pm$4 M$_\odot$, with a mass ratio (q) of 0.92. By simulating observing biases, we find an intrinsic multipliciy fraction of 18.8 $\pm$ 1.5% for mass ratios in the range 0.3 < q < 1.0 and orbital periods approximately in the range 3 < log P [days] < 8. By comparing our results with those of a similar mass on the main-sequence, we determine the fraction of single stars to be ~20% and argue that the orbital period distribution declines rapidly beyond log P ~ 3.5. We study the mass-ratio distribution of RSG binary systems and find that a uniform distribution best describes the data below 14 M$_\odot$. Above 15 M$_\odot$, we find a lack of high mass-ratio systems.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 17 pages
On the Viability of Determining Galaxy Properties from Observations I: Star Formation Rates and Kinematics
Creators: name: Grisdale, Kearn
name: Hogan, Laurence
name: Rigopoulou, Dimitra
name: Thatte, Niranjan
name: Pereira-Santaella, Miguel
name: Devriendt, Julien
name: Slyz, Adrianne
name: García-Bernete, Ismael
name: Dubois, Yohan
name: Yi, Sukyoung K.
name: Kraljic, Katarina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore how observations relate to the physical properties of the emitting galaxies by post-processing a pair of merging $z\sim2$ galaxies from the cosmological, hydrodynamical simulation NewHorizon using LCARS (Light from Cloudy Added to RAMSES) to encode the physical properties of the simulated galaxy into H$α$ emission line. By carrying out mock observations and analysis on these data cubes we ascertain which physical properties of the galaxy will be recoverable with the HARMONI spectrograph on the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). We are able to estimate the galaxy's star formation rate and dynamical mass to a reasonable degree of accuracy, with values within a factor of $1.81$ and $1.38$ of the true value. The kinematic structure of the galaxy is also recovered in mock observations. Furthermore, we are able to recover radial profiles of the velocity dispersion and are therefore able to calculate how the dynamical ratio varies as a function of distance from the galaxy centre. Finally, we show that when calculated on galaxy scales the dynamical ratio does not always provide a reliable measure of a galaxy's stability against gravity or act as an indicator of a minor merger.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures, Accepted for Publication in MNRAS, Comments and questions welcome
Heavy-Ion Collisions toward High-Density Nuclear Matter
Creators: name: Nagamiya, Shoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present paper, the current efforts in heavy-ion collisions toward high-density nuclear matter will be discussed. First, the essential points learned from RHIC and LHC will be reviewed. Then, the present data from the STAR Beam Energy Scan are discussed. Finally, the current efforts, NICA, FAIR, HIAF, and J-PARC-HI (heavy ion) are described. In particular, the efforts of the J-PARC-HI project are described in detail.
description: 20 pages, 27 figures, 1 table
Going Beyond Gadgets: The Importance of Scalability for Analogue Quantum Simulators
Creators: name: Harley, Dylan
name: Datta, Ishaun
name: Klausen, Frederik Ravn
name: Bluhm, Andreas
name: França, Daniel Stilck
name: Werner, Albert H.
name: Christandl, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum hardware has the potential to efficiently solve computationally difficult problems in physics and chemistry to reap enormous practical rewards. Analogue quantum simulation accomplishes this by using the dynamics of a controlled many-body system to mimic those of another system; such a method is feasible on near-term devices. We show that previous theoretical approaches to analogue quantum simulation suffer from fundamental barriers which prohibit scalable experimental implementation. By introducing a new mathematical framework and going beyond the usual toolbox of Hamiltonian complexity theory with an additional resource of engineered dissipation, we show that these barriers can be overcome. This provides a powerful new perspective for the rigorous study of analogue quantum simulators.
description: 59 pages, 11 figures; updated to reflect published version. Reformatted, many typos fixed, and a few additional minor technical results and explanations added
SMART-Plant_IWARR2019_Life Cycle Assessment of Material Recovery from Municipal Wastewater: Circular Economy with Environmental Benefits?
Creators: name: C. Remy
name: J. Misiukas
name: C. Lahaye
name: Z. Juznic-Zonta
name: J. Baeza
name: N. Frison
name: B. Ferreira
name: N.G. Gorostegi
name: S. Ponsa
name: J. Colon
name: L. Enriquez
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Life Cycle Assessment
material recovery
municipal wastewater

description: Abstract: Recovery of valuable materials from municipal wastewater is one approach to realize
 circular economy in the wastewater sector. Different technologies have been tested and applied to
 recover products such as cellulose, bioplastics, or struvite within a wastewater treatment plant
 (WWTP). However, material recovery also introduces new process steps into the treatment scheme,
 which require additional energy or chemicals and related greenhouse gas emissions. From an
 environmental perspective, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a suitable tool to analyse the entire system
 of material recovery from WWTPs, including the potential value chains for product valorisation. The
 present paper investigates different technologies for material recovery with LCA based on data of
 industrial-scale demonstration trials and shows that material recovery can be realized with distinct
 environmental benefits, also due to positive side effects on the overall treatment scheme of the WWTP.
LAMOST J045019.27+394758.7, with peculiar abundances of N, Na, V, Zn, is possibly a Sculptor dwarf galaxy escapee
Creators: name: Purandardas, Meenakshi
name: Goswami, Aruna
name: Shejeelammal, J.
name: Sonamben, Mayani
name: Pawar, Ganesh
name: Mkrtichian, David
name: Doddamani, Vijayakumar H.
name: Joshi, Santosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of the high-resolution (R$\sim$60,000) spectroscopic analysis of the star LAMOSTJ045019.27+394758.7 (hereafter J045) from the list of carbon stars of LAMOST DR2. From our analysis, we find that J045 does not exhibit the spectral characteristics of carbon stars. It is found to be a metal-poor ( [Fe/H] = $-$1.05) giant that shows very unusual elemental abundances, particularly for N, Na, V, and Zn. J045 shows $α$-elements (Mg, Si, Ca) with near-solar values ($$ = 0.09) in contrast to Galactic stars that show [$α$/Fe] in the range 0.2 to 0.3 dex. In J045, Sc and Ti are under abundant with [X/Fe] $\le$ $-$0.25. Vanadium gives [V/Fe] = 0.51 and zinc is under-abundant with [Zn/Fe] = $-$0.62. The object exhibits near-solar abundances for Sr, Y, Ba, Pr, and Sm. The La is marginally enhanced, and Ce and Nd are marginally under-abundant in J045. With [Ba/Eu] = $-$0.38, the object falls into the category of neutron-capture rich r-I stars. The estimated abundances of various elements show that the observed abundance pattern is not compatible with the abundances characteristic of Galactic metal-poor stars but matches quite closely with the abundance pattern of Sculptor Dwarf galaxy stars of similar metallicity. Based on the above observational evidences, we suggest that the object is a possible Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy escapee.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Quantum coherence in neutrino oscillation in matter
Creators: name: Ravari, Z. Askaripour
name: Ettefaghi, M. M.
name: Miraboutalebi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A closer and more detailed study of neutrino oscillation, in addition to assisting us in founding physics beyond the standard model, can potentially be used to understand the fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. In particular, we know that the neutrino oscillation occurs because the quantum states of the produced and detected neutrinos are a coherent superposition of the mass eigenstates, and this coherency is maintained during the propagation due to the small mass difference of neutrinos. In this paper, we consider the decoherence due to the neutrino interaction in the material medium with constant density in addition to the decoherence coming from the localization properties. For this purpose, we use $l_1\text{-norm}$ in order to quantify the coherence and investigate its dependence on the matter density. According to our results, in general, the coherence in material medium is less than vacuum. However, there exist exceptions; for some matter densities, the localization coherence lengths become infinite. So, for these cases, $l_1\text{-norm}$ in matter is more than the vacuum.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Is the orbital distribution of multiplanet systems influenced by pure three-planet resonances?
Creators: name: Cerioni, Matías
name: Beaugé, Cristian
name: Gallardo, Tabaré
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the distribution of known multi-planet systems ($N \geq 3$) in the plane of mean-motion ratios, and compare it with the resonance web generated by two-planet mean-motion resonances (2P-MMR) and pure 3-planet commensurabilities (pure 3P-MMR). We find intriguing evidence of a statistically significant correlation between the observed distribution of compact low-mass systems and the resonance structure, indicating a possible causal relation. While resonance chains such as Kepler-60, Kepler-80 and TRAPPIST-1 are strong contributors, most of the correlation appears to be caused by systems not identified as resonance chains. Finally, we discuss their possible origin through planetary migration during the last stages of the primordial disc and/or an eccentricity damping process.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures; corrected typo in text of Figure 3
title: Corruption and corporate governance: a literature review on corruption, corporate governance and associated aspects
Creators: name: Shuvo, Sanjoy Kumar Roy
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04haebc03
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The purpose of this paper is to review the relevant literature on corruption. Though the review mainly focuses on corruption and governance, the paper also explores the topic in more detail, including related areas such as governance practices of different types of corporations; benefits of corruption; the consequences for companies falling to maintain corporate governance standards; corporate disclosure and governance; failure of audit firms and corporate corruption; corrupt behavior from multinational companies (MNCs); governance requirement for public entities/state owned entities (SOE); democracy; corporate political activity and political corruption; tax administration and its influence on the presence of corruption; the will of political parties and corruption control; the spread of corruption; accountability culture; corruption in the financial system; bribery and politicization culture; anti-corruption campaigns and its overall impacts; and tools to fight against corruption along with governance. Upon analyzing the literature on different aspects of corruption, we find that accountability, political will, and media independence equipped with media literacy are a few key tools to control corruption; and we propose some avenues for future research directions. These findings will potentially contribute to the existing literature and have some policy relevance in controlling corruption, and researchers should explore such areas further.
Double space T-dualization and coordinate dependent RR
Creators: name: Nikolić, Bojan
name: Obrić, Danijel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we examine T-dualization in double space formalism of type II superstring theory in pure spinor formulation. Background fields that we consider will all be constant except Ramond-Ramond field which will infinitesimally depend only on bosonic coordinates $x^μ$. In double space T-dual transformations are represented as permutations between starting $x^μ$ and dual coordinates $y_μ$. Combining these two sets of coordinates into double coordinate $Z^M = (x^μ, y_μ)$ while demanding that T-dual double coordinates have same transformation laws, we obtain how background fields transform under T-duality. Comparing these results with ones obtained with Buscher T-dualization procedure we are able to conclude that these two approaches are equivalent for cases where background fields have coordinate dependence.
Simulating Nelsonian Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Carosso, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the picture of physical processes suggested by Edward Nelson's stochastic mechanics when generalized to quantum field theory regularized on a lattice, after an introductory review of his theory applied to the hydrogen atom. By performing numerical simulations of the relevant stochastic processes, we observe that Nelson's theory provides a means of generating typical field configurations for any given quantum state. In particular, an intuitive picture is given of the field ``beable'' -- to use a phrase of John Stewart Bell -- corresponding to the Fock vacuum, and an explanation is suggested for how particle-like features can be exhibited by excited states. We then argue that the picture looks qualitatively similar when generalized to interacting scalar field theory. Lastly, we compare the Nelsonian framework to various other proposed ontologies for QFT, and remark upon their relative merits in light of the effective field theory paradigm. Links to animations of the corresponding beables are provided throughout.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Exact WKB Analysis and TBA Equations for the Stark Effect
Creators: name: Ito, Katsushi
name: Yang, Jingjing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the exact WKB analysis to a couple of one-dimensional Schroedinger-type equations reduced from the Stark effect of hydrogen in a uniform electric field. By introducing Langer's modification and incorporating the Stokes graphs, we prove the exactness of the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization conditions for the Borel-resummed quantum WKB periods in the specific parameter regions of the electric field intensity and magnetic quantum number. It is also found these quantization conditions get modified with an additional suppressed contribution when the parameters vary beyond the specific regions. We also present Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) equations governing the quantum periods in the absence of Langer's modification and discuss its wall-crossing and analytic continuation. Numerical calculations are conducted to compare the complex resonant frequencies from our quantization conditions against ones from the Riccati-Pade method, the TBA equations are also confirmed by comparing its expansions with all-order quantum periods.
description: 52 pages, 14 figures