cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Classification Using the ROC Curve Analysis and Testing Non-equivalence
Creators: name: Choi, Sungwoo
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: High dimension
Meta-analysis
Non-equivalence
ROC curve
Test of Homogeneity
Variable seletion

description: The dissertation consists of two different topics.  The first topic is to develop the methodologies in optimizing the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve with variable selection based on group sparsity.  An ROC curve is a popular tool in the classification of two populations.  The nonparametric additive model is used to construct a classifier which is estimated by maximizing the U-statistic type of empirical AUC (Area Under Curve).  In particular, the sparsity situation is considered in the sense that only a small number of variables is significant in the classification, so it is demanded that lots of noisy variables will be removed.  Some theoretical result on the necessity of variable selection under the sparsity condition is provided since the AUC of the classifier from maximization of empirical AUC is not guaranteed to be optimal.  To select significant variables in the classification, the grouped lasso which has been widely used when groups of parameters need to be either selected or discarded simultaneously is used.  In addition, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated by numerical studies including simulation and real data examples compared with other existing approaches. The second topic is developing the hypothesis test for non-equivalence.  We consider the problem of testing the non-equivalence of several independent normal population means.  Testing homogeneity of several population means usually refers to testing the exact equality of population means.  Instead of determining the exact homogeneity or equality, one may consider more flexible homogeneity which allows a predetermined level of difference.  This problem is known as testing the non-homogeneity of populations.  We propose the plug-in tests for three different measures of variability: the sum of the absolute deviations, the maximum of the absolute deviations, and the range for testing non-equivalence.  For each test, the least favorable configuration (LFC) to ensure the maximum rejection probability under the null hypothesis is investigated.  Furthermore, we demonstrate the numerical studies based on both simulations and real data to evaluate the plug-in tests and compare our proposed tests with other possible tests.
Bayesian Estimation Under Shape Restriction and Some Deconvolution Problems
Creators: name: Guha, Nilabja
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: Bayesian Estimation
Deconvolution
Predictive Recursion

description: In this dissertation, we have explored Bayesian estimation under restrictions on the parameter space and deconvolution problems. The Bayesian estimation problem is motivated by two applications in hydrology and toxicology. The deconvolution part includes prediction of ordered random effects and recursive estimation of mixing distribution. In Bayesian estimation problem a family of monotone regression function is estimated. The functions start from zero and reach one and do not intersect in between. This problem is motivated by the depth duration curves in hydrology. We proposed a novel   Bayesian solution based on Bernstein polynomial and established posterior consistency of our methodology using compactness of range and domain.  A sufficient condition on the relative rate of increase of polynomial degree with respect to the number of observed points are explored. In other application, we modeled dose-response curves that arise in the context of toxicology. The problem of predicting order statistics has application is data masking and small area estimation problem. We have proposed a shrinkage type estimator and have derived the optimum value of the shrinkage parameter. The asymptotic value of the shrinkage coefficients depend on the Wasserstein distance between standardized distribution of observed and unobserved variable. In the process, we have also established a necessary and sufficient condition for a recent conjecture about the shrinkage coefficient to hold. The biggest advantage of this estimator is that it is distribution free. This makes the estimator robust and the estimator continues to perform well under model misspecification.  Estimating the mixing density from a mixture is an important problem in statistics literature. This deconvolution can be carried out through a stochastic approximation based fast recursive algorithm. The main advantage of such algorithm is that it is extremely faster than the full Bayesian estimator. In current literature, properties have been shown under the independence of the observations. Here some dependent structures are explored. The recursive algorithm is also modified to address general mixing scenarios.
Letter from the Manager of the Royal Bank of Canada in Vernon, B.C., to the Rainbow Ranche, March 17, 1909
Creators: name: Canada, Royal Bank Of
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to the Rainbow Ranche from the Manager of the Royal Bank of Canada in Vernon, B.C., dated March 17, 1909, regarding request for the Rainbow Ranche Company's title to complete Mr Pixton and his Wife's registration.
Metadata practices for simulation workflows
Creators: name: Villamar, Jose
name: Kelbling, Matthias
name: More, Heather
name: Denker, Michael
name: Tetzlaff, Tom
name: Senk, Johanna
name: Thober, Stephan
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: arXiv (2024). doi:10.48550/arXiv.2408.17309
description: Computer simulations are an essential pillar of knowledge generation in science.Understanding, reproducing, and exploring the results of simulations relies on tracking and organizing metadata describing numerical experiments.However, the models used to understand real-world systems, and the computational machinery required to simulate them, are typically complex, and produce large amounts of heterogeneous metadata.Here, we present general practices for acquiring and handling metadata that are agnostic to software and hardware, and highly flexible for the user.These consist of two steps: 1) recording and storing raw metadata, and 2) selecting and structuring metadata.As a proof of concept, we develop the Archivist, a Python tool to help with the second step, and use it to apply our practices to distinct high-performance computing use cases from neuroscience and hydrology.Our practices and the Archivist can readily be applied to existing workflows without the need for substantial restructuring.They support sustainable numerical workflows, facilitating reproducibility and data reuse in generic simulation-based research.
description: Published by arXiv
Size limiting in Tsallis statistics
Creators: name: Gupta, Hari M.
name: Campanha, Jose R.
name: Schinaider, Sidney J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Power law scaling is observed in many physical, biological and socio-economical complex systems and is now considered as an important property of these systems. In general, power law exists in the central part of the distribution. It has deviations from power law for very small and very large step sizes. Tsallis, through non-extensive thermodynamics, explained power law distribution in many cases including deviation from the power law, both for small and very large steps. In case of very large steps, they used heuristic crossover approach. In real systems, the size is limited and thus, the size limiting factor is important. In the present work, we present an alternative model in which we consider that the entropy factor q decreases with step size due to the softening of long range interactions or memory. This explains the deviation of power law for very large step sizes. Finally, we apply this model for distribution of citation index of scientists and examination scores and are able to explain the entire distribution including deviations from power law.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Novel Ring-Expanded Heterocycles and Nucleosides as Anticancer Agents
Creators: name: Xie, Min
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: Anticancer agent, Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Nucleosides, Prostate cancer, Ring-expanded heterocycles

description: The research project was initiated after the discovery of potent, broad spectrum in vitro anticancer activity of parent ring-expanded nucleoside previously synthesized in this laboratory by my predecessors. The parent compound exhibited tumor growth inhibition in vitro in more than 50 human tumor cell lines at micro or submicromolar concentration levels (GI??=10??-10?? ? and 10??-10?? ? respectively) with no apparent host toxicity. Later in our lab, the heterocyclic aglycon containing a long C?? alkyl chain at N? was also found to exhibit potent in vitro anti-cancer activity against prostate, breast, ovarian and lung cancers. In light of the promising  biological results described above, this dissertation represents a continuation of the efforts in order to fully explore the  anticancer potential  of the compounds containing the 5:7-fused 4,6,8-triaminoimidazo [4,5-e] [1,3] diazepine ring system.  The first part of my project concerns synthesis of a series of analogues with various substituents at the 1-position e.g., benzyl, para-methoxy benzyl, para-fluoro group, etc.) and/or 2-position e.g., halogen, methoxy, hydroxyl, amino, thiol group, etc.) and/or N? -position ((e.g., alkyl, aryl, and aralkyl group, etc.) of the parent heterocyclic ring. The second part of my project is to synthesize a series of nucleoside analogues with ribosyl or (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at 1-position (acyclic &ldquofat&rdquo nucleosides), along with alkyl, aryl, or arakyl substituents at the 6-amino position. The third part of my project is to explore anticancer activities as well as structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the above compounds against the speculated target enzyme DDX3, known to be involved in a number of cancers, including but not limited to breast, prostate and lung cancers.  The anticancer screening against a variety of tumor cell lines was performed at the Greenbaum Cancer Center of the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A series of ring-expanded heterocyclic bases with modifications at N-1, and/or N? as well as a series of ring-expanded nucleosides with modifications at N? have been synthesized and tested against six different cancer cell lines. The biological results indicate that even without the &beta-ribose attached at N-1, the heterocyclic bases with various aglycons at N-1 exhibit promising anticancer activity."
Optical Flow Method for Measuring Deformation of Soil Specimen Subjected to Torsional Shearing
Creators: name: Srokosz, Piotr E.
name: Bujko, Marcin
name: Bocheńska, Marta
name: Ossowski, Rafał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this study optical flow method was used for soil small deformation measurement in laboratory tests. The main objective was to observe how the deformation distributes along the whole height of cylindrical soil specimen subjected to torsional shearing (TS test). The experiments were conducted on dry non-cohesive soil specimens under two values of isotropic pressure. Specimens were loaded with low-amplitude cyclic torque to analyze the deformation within the small strain range (0.001-0.01%). Optical flow method variant by Ce Liu (2009) was used for motion estimation from series of images. This algorithm uses scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) for image feature extraction and coarse-to-fine matching scheme for faster calculations. The results were validated with the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The results show that the displacement distribution deviates from commonly assumed linearity. Moreover, the observed deformation mechanisms analysis suggest that the shear modulus $G$ commonly determined through TS tests can be considerably overestimated.
description: To appear in Measurement
On the validity of electric brain signal predictions based on population firing rates
Creators: name: Ness, Torbjorn V.
name: Tetzlaff, Tom
name: Einevoll, Gaute T.
name: Dahmen, David
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2024

description: bioRxiv (2024). doi:10.1101/2024.07.10.602833
Perceived Barriers to Implementation of the Good Behavior Game: An Exploratory Investigation
Creators: name: Lovell, Nicole
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2021

description: Typical teacher professional development for Tier 1 behavior support often involves a “sit and get” training approach. Here, teachers are provided with a brief presentation that outlines the strategy to be implemented then dismissed from the training with the encouragement to implement the strategy in their classroom. This approach often does not result in teacher usage of the strategies, such as behavior supports, presented during the training session. A common challenge to teacher usage of behavior support is the match between the critical components of the strategy and the values, skills, and available resources of those who are implementing, or using, the behavioral support. An assessment of these factors does not often occur in the context of universal, or whole class, behavior support in schools. This investigation (a) evaluated the effectiveness of a pre-recorded video virtual training on a participant’s ability to list the action steps to implement the Good Behavior Game (GBG) and a variation of the GBG, the Caught Being Good Game (CBGG), (b) identified teacher perceived barriers or challenges to implementation of the (GBG) and the (CBGG), and (c) identified teacher preference for the GBG or the CBGG and reasons for that preference. Results indicated that seven of the ten participants were able to correctly describe components of the GBG and CBGG. Qualitative analyses of interview transcripts revealed a variety of barriers to implementation of the GBG and the CBGG as well as a variety of actions and supports needed to address the barriers to implementation. Data indicated that 4 of the 10 participants preferred the GBG over the CBGG. Implications for practice and directions for future research are described.
Anti-electrostatic hydrogen bonding between anions of ionic liquids: A density functional theory study
Creators: name: Chen, Junwu
name: Dong, Kun
name: Liu, Lei
name: Zhang, Xiangping
name: Zhang, Suojiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrogen bonds (HBs) play a crucial role in the physicochemical properties of ionic liquids (ILs). At present, HBs between cations and anions (Ca-An) or between cations (Ca-Ca) in ILs have been reported extensively. Here, we provided DFT evidences for the exists of HBs between anions (An-An) in the IL 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazolide [HEMIm][HEIm]. The thermodynamics stabilities of anionic, cationic, and H2O dimers together with ionic pairs were studied by potential energy scans. The results show that the cation-anion pair is the most stable one, while the HB in anionic dimer possesses similar thermodynamics stability to the water dimer. The further geometric, spectral and electronic structure analyses demonstrate that the inter-anionic HB meets the general theoretical criteria of traditional HBs. The strength order of four HBs in complexes is cation-anion pair > H2O dimer = cationic dimer > anionic dimer. The energy decomposition analysis indicates that induction and dispersion interactions are the crucial factors to overcome strong Coulomb repulsions, forming inter-anionic HBs. Lastly, the presence of inter-anionic HBs in ionic cluster has been confirmed by a global minimum search for a system containing two ionic pairs. Even though hydroxyl-functionalized cations are more likely to form HBs with anions, there still have inter-anionic HBs between hydroxyl groups in the low-lying structures. Our studies broaden the understanding of HBs in ionic liquids and support the recently proposed concept of anti-electrostatic HBs.
Backward Evolving Quantum States
Creators: name: Vaidman, Lev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The basic concept of the two-state vector formalism, which is the time symmetric approach to quantum mechanics, is the backward evolving quantum state. However, due to the time asymmetry of the memory's arrow of time, the possible ways to manipulate a backward evolving quantum state differ from those for a standard, forward evolving quantum state. The similarities and the differences between forward and backward evolving quantum states regarding the no-cloning theorem, nonlocal measurements, and teleportation are discussed. The results are relevant not only in the framework of the two-state vector formalism, but also in the framework of retrodictive quantum theory.
description: Contribution to the J.Phys. A special issue in honor of GianCarlo Ghirardi
Global public-private partnerships : different perspectives
Creators: name: Masters, Adam Benedict
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Public-private sector cooperation
subject: International agencies
subject: Corporate culture
subject: International relations

description: Global public-private partnerships are part of the global governance framework and influence our daily lives - yet our understanding of them is incomplete. Research has attributed the existence of these partnerships between state, market and civil society actors variously to the influence of leaders, new management ideas, resource deficits and the proliferation of issues beyond the ability of any single sector to manage. Yet explorations of these themes primarily focuses on the United Nations core agencies, and overlooks the technical international government organizations; organizations which facilitate a multitude of transactions in various policy areas between nation-states, their agencies and administrations. Personal experience with such an organization - Interpol - indicated the answer to the puzzle was incomplete. Therefore, this study was undertaken to further explore the question of why international government organizations participate in global public-private partnerships. Using case studies, this research set out to discover a better explanation for the phenomena of global public-private partnerships. Research was conducted with the International Telecommunication Union, the International Criminal Police Organization and the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property. Between them, they represented a diverse section of international policy fields - communication; police cooperation and cultural conservation. This research found that beyond the themes in the literature, global public-private partnerships are shaped by the dominant professional culture of an international government organization, and the organizational culture also uniquely inherent in each. The use of theories of professional and organizational culture has therefore filled a gap in our knowledge about this global phenomenon. Furthermore, these cultural factors also influence how the other factors are perceived and then acted upon. The end results are partnerships that comfortably fit with the beliefs, values, norms and assumptions common the respective professional and organizational culture.
Letter from Billings & Cochrane to [Frank] A. Hewer, March 17, 1909
Creators: name: Billings & Cochrane
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to Frank Hewer from Billings & Cochrane, Barristers Etc., dated March 17, 1909, regarding a Crown Grant and the conveyance from Pow.
The Fate and Cycling of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Trace Heavy Metals in Beaver-Altered Headwater Streams
Creators: name: Murray, Desneiges S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2021

description: Human land-use can increase the amount of non-point source (NPS) pollution in a stream, negatively affecting ecosystem health and beneficial services provided by an ecosystem. Unfortunately, NPS pollution remains high in many waterbodies. Beaver dams may be a passive, cost-effective strategy for removing NPS pollution in headwater streams because beaver dams slow stream flow and collect sediments. Impounded sediments can change how nutrients and pollutants are cycled in a stream through multiple pathways. In the first part of our study, we investigated whether beaver activity can reduce nitrogen, phosphorous and heavy metals from otherwise traveling downstream. Results suggest beaver ponds influence the fate of NPS pollutants at intermediate levels of sediment-water interaction, which is defined by the amount of time water spends in the pond, the amount of a given nutrient delivered to the pond from upstream, and the volume of sediment behind the dam. We conclude that under specific conditions, beaver ponds are significant sinks for nitrogen. Further, phosphorous retention or production in beaver ponds is variable and may be related to season or pond age.
Beaver ponds host a mosaic of environmental conditions and as a result can enhance nitrogen cycling within a stream. Characteristics such as valley shape and slope, or sediment-size distribution likely influence drivers of biogeochemical processing, thus the geomorphic composition of a beaver pond may facilitate unique biogeochemical pathways. The second part of our study aimed to identify where and when specific nitrogen reactions occur in a pond. Our study found that while beaver ponds can change how nitrogen is cycled, the net effect of a given beaver pond depends on the distribution of environmental conditions and thus its geomorphic composition. We found that the origin, processing and transformation of nitrogen is different in spring versus summer and is enhanced in sediments that are oxygen-poor and organic-rich. Overall, this research determined the fate and cycling of nitrogen, phosphorous and trace heavy metals in beaver-altered headwater streams.
Detailed Analysis of the Role of Mtr4 Arch Domain in RNA Binding and Helicase Activity
Creators: name: Olsen, Keith J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2021

description: The central dogma of biology states that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein. However, this concept portrays RNA purely as an intermediary step from DNA to protein. RNA plays an essential and vital role in a cell, including; regulating protein and RNA levels, act as a template for protein synthesis, cell differentiation, regulatory processes, and signaling molecules. If cells do not adequately monitor and regulate RNA levels, it can lead to disease states and even cell death. The main protein complex that regulates the maturation and degradation of RNA in the nucleus is the RNA nuclear exosome. The nuclear exosome requires an essential cofactor to be active, the RNA helicase Mtr4.
Mtr4 unwinds structured or double-stranded RNA to feed a clean single-stranded RNA to the nuclear exosome for trimming or degradation. By understanding how Mtr4 interacts with its RNA substrates, we can advance our fundamental knowledge on how our cells regulate RNA. In this thesis, a detailed analysis of the novel arch domain of Mtr4 is investigated. We look at the mobility of the arch domain, what RNA characteristics it prefers to bind, and the role of the arch domain in helicase activity.
Functional Integral Approaches to the Bosonization of Effective Multi-Quark Interactions with $U_\A(1)$ Breaking
Creators: name: Hiller, Brigitte
name: Osipov, Alexander A.
name: Bernard, Veronique
name: Blin, Alex H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low energy hadron phenomenology involving the (u,d,s) quarks is often approached through effective multi-quark Lagrangians with the symmetries of QCD. A very successful approach consists in taking the four-quark Nambu--Jona-Lasinio Lagrangian with the chiral $U_L(3)\times U_R(3)$ symmetry in the massless limit, combined with the $U_\A(1)$ breaking six-quark flavour determinant interaction of 't Hooft. We review the present status and some very recent developments related to the functional integration over the cubic term in auxiliary mesonic variables that one introduces to bosonize the system. Various approaches for handling this functional, which cannot be integrated exactly, are discussed: the stationary phase approximation, the perturbative expansion, the loop expansion, their interrelation and importance for the evaluation of the effective action. The intricate group structure rules out the method of Airy's integral. The problem of the instability of the vacuum is stated and a solution given by including eight-quark interactions.
description: Published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Optimal test-kit based intervention strategy of epidemic spreading in heterogeneous complex networks
Creators: name: Ghosh, Subrata
name: Senapati, Abhishek
name: Chattopadhyay, Joydev
name: Hens, Chittaranjan
name: Ghosh, Dibakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a deterministic compartmental model of infectious disease which considers the test-kits as an important ingredient for the suppression and mitigation of epidemics. A rigorous simulation (with analytical argument) is provided to reveal the effective reduction of final outbreak size and peak of infection as a function of basic reproduction number in a single patch. Further, to study the impact of long and short-distance human migration among the patches, we have considered heterogeneous networks where the linear diffusive connectivity is determined by the network link structure. We numerically confirm that implementation of test-kits in the fraction of nodes (patches) having larger degrees or betweenness centralities can reduce the peak of infection (as well as final outbreak size) significantly. A next-generation matrix based analytical treatment is provided to find out the critical transmission probability in the entire network for the onset of epidemics. Finally, the optimal intervention strategy is validated in two real networks: global airport networks and transportation networks of Kolkata, India.
description: 22 pages, 9 Figures
The Challenge of Hybridity: Mormonism in Mauritius, 1980-2020
Creators: name: Chintaram, Marie Vinnarasi
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis focuses on the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Mauritius. This thesis illustrates the implications and pressures of the Church trying to globalize the faith, correlating Mormonism with and conforming it to cosmopolitan communities such as Mauritius.
A Global Theory of Conformal Finsler Geometry
Creators: name: Youssef, Nabil L.
name: Abed, S. H.
name: Soleiman, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C60, 53B40

description: The aim of the present paper is to establish a global theory of conformal changes in Finsler geometry. Under this change, we obtain the relationships between the most important geometric objects associated to $(M,L)$ and the corresponding objects associated to $(M,\tilde{L})$, $\widetilde{L}=e^{σ(x)} L$ being the Finsler conformal transformation. We have found explicit global expressions relating the two associated Cartan connections $\nabla$ and $\widetilde{\nabla}$, the two associated Berwald connections $D$ and $\widetilde{D}$ and the two associated Barthel connections $Γ$ and $\widetildeΓ$. The relationships between the corresponding curvature tensors have been also found. The relations thus obtained lead in turn to several interesting results. Among the results obtained, is a characterization of conformal changes, a characterization of homotheties, some conformal invariants and conformal $σ$-invariants. In addition, several useful identities have been found. Our global theory of conformal Finsler geometry is established within the Pull-back approach, making simultaneous use of the Klein-Grifone approach. This has been done via certain links we have found between both approaches (This shows that these two approaches to global Finsler geometry are not alternatives but rather complementary). Although our treatment is entirely global, the local expressions of the obtained results, when calculated, coincide with the existing classical local results.
description: 23 pages, LaTeX file, This paper was presented in "The 9 th. International Conference of Tensor Society on Differential Geometry, informatics and their Applications" held at Sapporo, Japan, September 4-8, 2006
Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) in Orbit Performance : Calibration, background, analysis software
Creators: name: Antia, H. M.
name: Agrawal, P. C.
name: Dedhia, Dhiraj
name: Katoch, Tilak
name: Manchanda, R. K.
name: Misra, Ranjeev
name: Mukerjee, Kallol
name: Pahari, Mayukh
name: Roy, Jayashree
name: Shah, P.
name: Yadav, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) instrument on-board AstroSat has three nominally identical detectors for timing and spectral studies in the energy range of 3--80 keV. The performance of these detectors during the five years after the launch of AstroSat is described. Currently, only one of the detector is working nominally. The variation in pressure, energy resolution, gain and background with time are discussed. The capabilities and limitations of the instrument are described. A brief account of available analysis software is also provided.
description: Accepted for publication in JAA
Fatty Acid Composition of Forages and Their Effect on the Fatty Acid Composition in Beef Cattle
Creators: name: Allen, Britney G.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2021

description: This study focused on how diet changes the rumen microbiome in the cattle and the effects of that on the long chain fatty acids (LCFA) by microbes in the rumen, and on the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) these microbes produce from feed carbohydrates like fiber and starch. The abundance of bacteria belonging to the phyla Tenericutes and Proteobacteria increased in response to high-fiber or high-starch diets, respectively. The production of two SCFA was positively correlated with the presence of increased Tenericutes (acetate) and Proteobacteria (propionate). A greater acetate to propionate ratio is associated with elevated production of enteric methane in the rumen, a lower ratio is more desirable. For LCFA, there are negative implications of omega-6 fatty acids and positive implications of omega-3 fatty acids for human health, so a lower omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio is considered more desirable.
Compared with grass-fed cattle, ecological concerns with raising beef can be mitigated in pasture systems by reducing methane emissions and improving soil health by using legumes that supply their own nitrogen. Compared with feedlot-finished cattle, the meat produced on birdsfoot trefoil pastures is healthier but better-tasting than the meat from grass-finished cattle. These benefits of non-bloating perennial legume pastures gives cattle producers an option for raising and marketing their own cattle that can increase beef profitability while reducing methane emissions and improving soil health.
A further result of this study was the communication of the results of a relatively complex scientific study through an extension video accessible to all interested farmers and ranchers, and a second video demonstrating the elements of making an accessible video for the Deaf and hard of hearing communities.
Digitisation infrastructure design for EUDAT / CINES
Creators: name: Cazenave Nicolas
name: Béchard Lorène
name: Rouchon Olivier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This deliverable specifies the requirements for adapting CINES & EUDAT services for long-term
 storage of large-scale digitised biodiversity data. The report describes the service(s) features,
 capacities, functions and costs, and its suitability. Recommendations of use and possible designs are
 also included. The report is structured in five parts:
 1. The context section describes the setting of the pilot, including the institutions involved
 (sources and services providers) and the actors within those institutions, the processes
 covered, and services provided.
 2. The infrastructure section depicts the facilities supporting the integration of service
 providers and consumers, particularly APIs, programming languages, protocols, and speeds.
 3. The data section provides an overview of the data model used for storing digital specimen
 data requiring long-term preservation, including the minimal data required for making a
 deposit, as well as data and metadata, which are part of each digital specimen.
 4. The design section describes the overall architectural view of the implemented solution.
 5. Finally, the recommendation section provides practical recommendations to use the
 service(s) evaluated in the pilot, the benefits and trade-offs.
Back-action evasion and squeezing of a mechanical resonator using a cavity detector
Creators: name: Clerk, A. A.
name: Marquardt, F.
name: Jacobs, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum measurement of a cantilever using a parametrically-coupled electromagnetic cavity which is driven at the two sidebands corresponding to the mechanical motion. This scheme, originally due to Braginsky et al. [V. Braginsky, Y. I. Vorontsov, and K. P. Thorne, Science 209, 547 (1980)], allows a back-action free measurement of one quadrature of the cantilever's motion, and hence the possibility of generating a squeezed state. We present a complete quantum theory of this system, and derive simple conditions on when the quantum limit on the added noise can be surpassed. We also study the conditional dynamics of the measurement, and discuss how such a scheme (when coupled with feedback) can be used to generate and detect squeezed states of the oscillator. Our results are relevant to experiments in optomechanics, and to experiments in quantum electromechanics employing stripline resonators coupled to mechanical resonators.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Sedimentary processes and paleoenvironmental significance of laminated diatomaceous sediments from the miocene monterey formation, California, USA
Creators: name: Chang, Alice S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Diatomaceous sediments from the Miocene Monterey Formation in Santa Barbara County, California, were investigated to gain a better understanding of sedimentary processes, diatom paleoecology, and the paleoenvironmental significance of laminated organic-rich hemipelagites. Sedimentary couplets and individual laminae from laminated intervals were described and classified to assess paleoenvironmental settings and interannual processes of hemipelagic sedimentation. Speckled beds, a type of non-laminated interval, were studied to understand physical properties of laminated diatomaceous sediments and slope failure processes. We utilized field observations, hand sample descriptions, x-radiography, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to examine the composition and interpret the origins of laminae and speckled beds. Laminated intervals, sedimentary couplets and individual laminae were classified on the basis of bimodality, thickness, mud-diatom domination, spacing, and cyclicity. Five main lamina types were defined, based on composition and microfossil content. These laminae were termed detrital, thin biosiliceous, thick continuous diatomaceous, thick discontinuous diatomaceous and macerated biosilica. We focused on diatom paleoecology and biologically mediated sedimentary processes to interpret the origin of laminae and distinct couplet types, concluding that various diatom bloomsâincluding selfsedimentation of conspicuous blooms and diatom matsâpreserve a unique and high resolution paleoenvironmental record. A study of distinct, non-laminated intervals termed speckled beds gives insights to the physical properties of organic-rich hemipelagites. Speckled beds are sharply based and are abruptly overlain by undisturbed laminated diatomite. The speckled fabric is derived from discrete detritus-rich and diatomrich aggregates ranked in size and termed speckles, blebs and lozenges. Four types of speckled beds were classified: unimodal, bimodal, amalgamated, and speckled beds with laminated intraclasts. Failure of cohesive laminated sediments deposited on a slope within the oxygen minimum zone is prerequisite for speckled bed formation. We postulate a gravity flow hypothesis that describes the deposition of speckled beds from viscous, high-density turbidity flows. A thorough understanding of the processes by which individual lamina types and speckled beds are produced provides refining insights into Miocene paleoenvironments. The approaches developed in this study can also be applied to other subannually deposited hemipelagic sediments accumulating beneath productive coastal upwelling regions.
Short-Eared Owl Post-Fledging Survival and Breeding Season Diet
Creators: name: Rivest, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1998

description: My research primarily focused on the survival of short-eared owls (Asio flammeus) from leaving the nest until their emigration from their natal territories during 1993 and 1994. I attached tarsal-mounted radio transmitters to nestlings prior to fledging. Of 25 fledgling short-eared owls monitored, 16 (64%) died prior to dispersal and one (4%) died after dispersing. Mammalian predation (5, 29.4%) was the primary cause of mortality followed by starvation (4, 23.5%), exposure (2, 11.8%), auto collision (1, 5.9%), burial (1, 5.9%), and unknown causes (4, 23.5%). Hatch date was found to be negatively correlated with fledgling survival.
A secondary focus of my research was the breeding season diet of short-eared owls based on the identification of 704 prey items. The diet was dominated by small mammals (98.4%), primarily Great Basin pocket mice (Perognathus parvus, 33.8%), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus, 31.1%), Ord's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii, 12.8%), and mountain voles (Microtus montanus, 12.5%). A significant change in prey proportions was observed between 1993 and 1994 and also with distance from the nesting site to irrigated agricultural land.
During 1994, I evaluated a mist net technique for capturing adult short-eared owls during the breeding season, capturing seven adults in 25 attempts.
Imaging the Mott Insulator Shells using Atomic Clock Shifts
Creators: name: Campbell, Gretchen K.
name: Mun, Jongchul
name: Boyd, Micah
name: Medley, Patrick
name: Leanhardt, Aaron E.
name: Marcassa, Luis
name: Pritchard, David E.
name: Ketterle, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microwave spectroscopy was used to probe the superfluid-Mott Insulator transition of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a 3D optical lattice. Using density dependent transition frequency shifts we were able to spectroscopically distinguish sites with different occupation numbers, and to directly image sites with occupation number n=1 to n=5 revealing the shell structure of the Mott Insulator phase. We use this spectroscopy to determine the onsite interaction and lifetime for individual shells.
Millimeter- and submillimeter-wave spectroscopy of thioformamide and interstellar search toward Sgr B2(N)
Creators: name: Motiyenko, R. A.
name: Belloche, A.
name: Garrod, R. T.
name: Margulès, L.
name: Müller, H. S. P.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Guillemin, J. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thioformamide NH2CHS is a sulfur-bearing analog of formamide NH2CHO. The latter was detected in the interstellar medium back in the 1970s. Most of the sulfur-containing molecules detected in the interstellar medium are analogs of corresponding oxygen-containing compounds. Therefore, thioformamide is an interesting candidate for a search in the interstellar medium. The rotational spectrum of thioformamide was measured and analyzed in the frequency range 150 to 660 GHz using the Lille spectrometer. We searched for thioformamide toward the high-mass star-forming region Sagittarius (Sgr) B2(N) using the ReMoCA spectral line survey carried out with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Accurate rotational constants were obtained from the analysis of the ground state of parent, 34S, 13C, and 15N singly substituted isotopic species of thioformamide. For the parent isotopolog, the lowest two excited vibrational states, v12 = 1 and v9 = 1, were analyzed using a model that takes Coriolis coupling into account. Thioformamide was not detected toward the hot cores Sgr B2(N1S) and Sgr B2(N2). The sensitive upper limits indicate that thioformamide is nearly three orders of magnitude at least less abundant than formamide. This is markedly different from methanethiol, which is only about two orders of magnitude less abundant than methanol in both sources. The different behavior shown by methanethiol versus thioformamide may be caused by the preferential formation of the latter (on grains) at late times and low temperatures, when CS abundances are depressed. This reduces the thioformamide-to-formamide ratio, because the HCS radical is not as readily available under these conditions.
Bighorn Sheep Demographics Following Pneumonia Die-Off Events
Creators: name: Sinclair, Kylie
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2021

description: Bighorn sheep populations across the Intermountain West are subject to disease pressure from the respiratory bacteria Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. Although the effects of M. ovipneumoniae-associated disease die-offs are well documented, less is known about the factors driving long-term differences in post-die-off population responses. While many herds experience years to decades in which recruitment is less than 20 lambs per 100 ewes, some herds’ lamb survival rates are able to rebound rapidly following die-off events. The reason why these herds recover quickly while others do not is currently unknown. Here, we assess the roles environmental, demographic, and pathogen-associated factors could play in shaping bighorn sheep herd recovery. Our analysis relies on more than 30 years of data from over 58 bighorn sheep herds across the state of Nevada. Our results suggest that herd demographic responses to M. ovipneumoniae vary dramatically across subspecies, and that environmental factors may be more important in shaping those demographic responses in desert bighorn than in Rocky Mountain or California bighorn herds. Our results could have important implications on prioritization of bighorn sheep recovery efforts throughout the Intermountain West.
Optimal Portfolio Withdrawal Strategy for Retirees
Creators: name: Coates, Andrew
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: Asset Allocation
Dynamic Programming
Portfolio Management
Retirement Planning
Stochastic Modeling

description: Individual's and couple's entering retirement face an uncertain future. They have to decide how to manage their savings so that they live the fullest life possible from a financial standpoint, while minimizing the risk of outliving their money. To get the best financial growth, retirees should invest their savings in a portfolio consisting of equity and fixed income securities. We use dynamic programming to maximize annual portfolio withdrawals dependent on mortality tables and stochastic models for stock and bond returns. We call our approach the Dynamic Forecasting (DF) approach because it assumes that the retiree's portfolio will repeat its past performances in the future. Two variations on the DF approach are the relaxed DF approach and the alternate DF approach. These provide two opposite withdrawal structures while guaranteeing a 0% probability of failure. Our strategy is compared with the Constant Dollar (CD) approach and the Endowment approach, also known as the Constant Percentage approach (CP), using the Withdrawal Efficiency Rate (WER) metric. The strategies are compared under increasing, decreasing, and constant equity glide paths. The DF and alternate DF approaches outperform the other strategies under the WER metric and are the only strategies evaluated that a probability of failure of zero and are guaranteed to not leave money unspent at the end of the retirement period.
Nonsemimartingales: Stochastic differential equations and weak Dirichlet processes
Creators: name: Coviello, Rosanna
name: Russo, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H05, 60H10 (Primary) 60G18, 60G20 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we discuss existence and uniqueness for a one-dimensional time inhomogeneous stochastic differential equation directed by an $\mathbb{F}$-semimartingale $M$ and a finite cubic variation process $ξ$ which has the structure $Q+R$, where $Q$ is a finite quadratic variation process and $R$ is strongly predictable in some technical sense: that condition implies, in particular, that $R$ is weak Dirichlet, and it is fulfilled, for instance, when $R$ is independent of $M$. The method is based on a transformation which reduces the diffusion coefficient multiplying $ξ$ to 1. We use generalized Itô and Itô--Wentzell type formulae. A similar method allows us to discuss existence and uniqueness theorem when $ξ$ is a Hölder continuous process and $σ$ is only Hölder in space. Using an Itô formula for reversible semimartingales, we also show existence of a solution when $ξ$ is a Brownian motion and $σ$ is only continuous.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117906000000566 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
STORYTELLING IN WORLD LITERATURE OF THE 20TH CENTURY. THE STORY AND THE NOVELLA GENRE
Creators: name: Ahmedova, Sarvinoz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article delves into the rich tapestry of storytelling traditions, exploring the artistry, evolution, and impact of hikoyachilik and novellas on the global literary landscape. By examining key figures, influential works, and the cultural nuances embedded within these narratives, we unveil the complexities and nuances that define this genre. From traditional storytelling techniques to modern innovations, this exploration aims to shed light on the enduring allure and evolving nature of storytelling in world literature.