cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of A healthy lifestyle is positively associated with mental health and well-being and core markers in ageing
Creators: name: Hautekiet, Pauline
name: Saenen, Nelly D.
name: Martens, Dries S.
name: Debay, Margot
name: Van der Heyden, Johan
name: Nawrot, Tim S.
name: De Clercq, Eva M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Text S1. TL, mtDNAc and single copy-gene reaction mixture and PCR cycling conditions. Table S1. The mental health indicators with their scores and uses. Table S2. Comparison of the characteristics of the 6,054 eligible BHIS participants that were included in the BHIS subset compared to the 1,838 eligible participants that were excluded from the BHIS subset. Table S3. Comparison of the characteristics of the 739 participants from the BHIS subset that were included in the BELHES subset compared to the 5,315 participants that were excluded from the BELHES subset. Table S4. Bivariate associations between the characteristics and telomere length (TL), mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc), the lifestyle score or psychological distress. Table S5. Results of the sensitivity analysis of the association between lifestyle and mental health. Table S6. Results of the sensitivity analysis of the association between lifestyle and the biomarkers of ageing. Table S7. Results of the sensitivity analysis of the association between mental health and the biomarkers of ageing. Fig. S1. Exclusion criteria. The BHIS subset consisted of 6,055 BHIS participants and the BELHES subset consisted of 739 BELHES participants. Fig. S2. Histogram of the lifestyle score. Fig. S3. Validation of the lifestyle score. ROC curve for the lifestyle score as a predictor for good to very good self-perceived health. The model was adjusted for age, sex, region, highest educational level in the household, household composition and country of birth.
A black phosphorus photo-detector for multispectral, high-resolution imaging
Creators: name: Engel, Michael
name: Steiner, Mathias
name: Avouris, Phaedon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black phosphorus is a layered semiconductor that is intensely researched in view of applications in optoelectronics. In this Letter, we investigate a multi-layer black phosphorus photo-detector that is capable of acquiring high-contrast (V>0.9) images both in the visible (λ_{VIS}=532nm) as well as in the infrared (λ_{IR}=1550nm) spectral regime. In a first step, by using photocurrent microscopy, we map the active area of the device and we characterize responsivity and gain. In a second step, by deploying the black phosphorus device as a point-like detector in a confocal microsope setup, we acquire diffraction-limited optical images with sub-micron resolution. The results demonstrate the usefulness of black phosphorus as an optoelectronic material for hyperspectral imaging applications.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF A REACTOR PRESSURE VESSEL STEEL BASED ON EXPERIMENTS USING SMALL SPECIMENS
Creators: name: Metzler, Timo
name: Ermile Gaganidze
name: Aktaa, Jarir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fracture toughness
RPV steel
small specimens
brittle fracture
cohesive zone model

description: Due to limited availability of irradiated material and safety concerns when testing large, irradiated specimens, a major effort is being made in nuclear materials research to establish small specimen testing techniques for determining the fracture resistance of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. The ASTM E1921 standard is used extensively to estimate fracture toughness of ferritic steels in the ductile-to-brittle transition region. Because of the inherent low constraint of small specimens, many test results exceed the fracture toughness limit specified in the standard, resulting in wasted material. To avoid this problem, finite element analysis using the cohesive zone model is applied to predict the fracture toughness of standardsized specimens based on small specimen test results. Those tests were carried out within the framework of the FRACTESUS project using miniaturized compact tension specimens. The parameters of the cohesive zone model are calibrated by means of a hybrid experimental-numerical approach. After identification of the parameters on small specimens, the simulation of a standard-sized geometry is performed, and the resulting fracture toughness is compared to the small specimen data.
description: Open access abstract of PVP2023-105918
Caspase-11 Protects Against Bacteria That Escape the Vacuole
Creators: name: Fontana, M. F.
name: Vance, R. E.
name: Zak, D. E.
name: Cotter, P. A.
name: Leaf, I. A.
name: Hagar, J. A.
name: Miao, E. A.
name: Aderem, A.
name: Campos, C. G.
name: Tan, M. H.
name: Aachoui, Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Caspases are either apoptotic or inflammatory. The inflammatory Caspases-1 and -11 trigger pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death. Whereas both can be detrimental in inflammatory disease, only Caspase-1 has an established protective role during infection. Herein, we report that Caspase-11 is required for innate immunity to cytosolic, but not vacuolar, bacteria. While Salmonella typhimurium and Legionella pneumophila normally reside in the vacuole, specific mutants (sifA and sdhA, respectively) that aberrantly enter the cytosol triggered Caspase-11, enhancing clearance of S. typhimurium sifA in vivo. This response did not require NLRP3, NLRC4, or ASC inflammasome pathways. Burkholderia species that naturally invade the cytosol also triggered Caspase-11, protecting mice from lethal challenge with B. thailandensis and B. pseudomallei. Thus, Caspase-11 is critical for surviving exposure to ubiquitous environmental pathogens.
The image of Carmichael's $λ$-function
Creators: name: Ford, Kevin
name: Luca, Florian
name: Pomerance, Carl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the counting function of the set of values of the Carmichael $λ$-function is $x/(\log x)^{η+o(1)}$, where $η=1-(1+\log\log 2)/(\log 2)=0.08607...$.
description: minor corrections. Algebra and Number Theory, to appear
Catching sparks from well-forged neutralinos
Creators: name: Bramante, Joseph
name: Delgado, Antonio
name: Elahi, Fatemeh
name: Martin, Adam
name: Ostdiek, Bryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a new search technique for electroweakinos, the superpartners of electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons, based on final states with missing transverse energy, a photon, and a dilepton pair, $\ell^+\,\ell^- + γ+ \displaystyle{\not} E_T$. Unlike traditional electroweakino searches, which perform best when $m_{\widetildeχ^0_{2,3}} - m_{\widetildeχ^0_1}, m_{\widetildeχ^{\pm}} - m_{\widetildeχ^0_1} > m_Z$, our search favors nearly degenerate spectra; degenerate electroweakinos typically have a larger branching ratio to photons, and the cut $m_{\ell\ell} \ll m_Z$ effectively removes on-shell Z boson backgrounds while retaining the signal. This feature makes our technique optimal for `well-tempered' scenarios, where the dark matter relic abundance is achieved with inter-electroweakino splittings of $\sim 20 - 70\,\text{GeV}$. Additionally, our strategy applies to a wider range of scenarios where the lightest neutralinos are almost degenerate, but only make up a subdominant component of the dark matter -- a spectrum we dub `well-forged'. Focusing on bino-Higgsino admixtures, we present optimal cuts and expected efficiencies for several benchmark scenarios. We find bino-Higgsino mixtures with $m_{\widetildeχ^0_{2,3}} \lesssim 190\,\text{GeV}$ and $m_{\widetildeχ^0_{2,3}} - m_{\widetildeχ^0_1} \cong 30\,\text{GeV}$ can be uncovered after roughly $600\,\text{fb}^{-1}$ of luminosity at the 14 TeV LHC. Scenarios with lighter states require less data for discovery, while scenarios with heavier states or larger mass splittings are harder to discriminate from the background and require more data. Unlike many searches for supersymmetry, electroweakino searches are one area where the high luminosity of the next LHC run, rather than the increased energy, is crucial for discovery.
description: Updated to published version. Reference adde, discussion of other models expanded, and typos fixed. revtex4-1, 29 pages, 9 figures, and 3 tables
Navigating to Success in Multi-Modal Human-Robot Collaboration: Analysis and Corpus Release
Creators: name: Lukin, Stephanie M.
name: Pollard, Kimberly A.
name: Bonial, Claire
name: Hudson, Taylor
name: Arstein, Ron
name: Voss, Clare
name: Traum, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human-guided robotic exploration is a useful approach to gathering information at remote locations, especially those that might be too risky, inhospitable, or inaccessible for humans. Maintaining common ground between the remotely-located partners is a challenge, one that can be facilitated by multi-modal communication. In this paper, we explore how participants utilized multiple modalities to investigate a remote location with the help of a robotic partner. Participants issued spoken natural language instructions and received from the robot: text-based feedback, continuous 2D LIDAR mapping, and upon-request static photographs. We noticed that different strategies were adopted in terms of use of the modalities, and hypothesize that these differences may be correlated with success at several exploration sub-tasks. We found that requesting photos may have improved the identification and counting of some key entities (doorways in particular) and that this strategy did not hinder the amount of overall area exploration. Future work with larger samples may reveal the effects of more nuanced photo and dialogue strategies, which can inform the training of robotic agents. Additionally, we announce the release of our unique multi-modal corpus of human-robot communication in an exploration context: SCOUT, the Situated Corpus on Understanding Transactions.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Cytoplasmic LPS Activates Caspase-11: Implications in TLR4-Independent Endotoxic Shock
Creators: name: Aachoui, Y.
name: Ernst, R. K.
name: Miao, E. A.
name: Powell, D. A.
name: Hagar, J. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Inflammatory caspases, such as caspase-1 and -11, mediate innate immune detection of pathogens. Caspase-11 induces pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, and specifically defends against bacterial pathogens that invade the cytosol. During endotoxemia, however, excessive caspase-11 activation causes shock. We report that contamination of the cytoplasm by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the signal that triggers caspase-11 activation in mice. Specifically, caspase-11 responds to penta- and hexa-acylated lipid A, whereas tetra-acylated lipid A is not detected, providing a mechanism of evasion for cytosol-invasive Francisella. Priming the caspase-11 pathway in vivo resulted in extreme sensitivity to subsequent LPS challenge in both wild type and Tlr4-deficient mice, whereas caspase 11-deficient mice were relatively resistant. Together, our data reveal a new pathway for detecting cytoplasmic LPS.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Pactamycin, a Complex Antitumor Antibiotic
Creators: name: Johnson, J. S.
name: Malinowski, J. T.
name: Sharpe, R. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Medicinal application of many complex natural products is precluded by the impracticality of their chemical synthesis. Pactamycin, the most structurally-intricate aminocyclopentitol antibiotic, displays potent anti-prolific properties across multiple phylogenetic domains, but is highly cytotoxic. A limited number of analogs produced by genetic engineering technologies show reduced cytotoxicity against mammalian cells, renewing promise for therapeutic applications. For decades, an efficient synthesis of pactamycin amenable to analog derivatizations has eluded researchers. Herein, we present a short asymmetric total synthesis of pactamycin. An enantioselective Mannich reaction/symmetry-breaking reduction sequence was designed to enable assembly of the entire carbon core skeleton in under five steps and control critical three-dimensional (stereochemical) functional group relationships. This modular route totals fifteen steps and is immediately amenable for structural analog synthesis.
Pivoting the Plant Immune System from Dissection to Deployment
Creators: name: Dangl, J. L.
name: Staskawicz, B. J.
name: Horvath, D. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Diverse and rapidly evolving pathogens cause plant diseases and epidemics that threaten crop yield and food security around the world. Research over the last 25 years has led to an increasingly clear conceptual understanding of the molecular components of the plant immune system. Combined with ever-cheaper DNA-sequencing technology and the rich diversity of germ plasm manipulated for over a century by plant breeders, we now have the means to begin development of durable (long-lasting) disease resistance beyond the limits imposed by conventional breeding and in a manner that will replace costly and unsustainable chemical controls.
Some formulae for evaluation of the polariton and plasmon frequencies, in materials
Creators: name: Dolocan, Voicu
name: Dolocan, Andrei
name: Dolocan, Voicu Octavian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: F.2.2

description: We present new relations for calculation of phonon polaritons, plasmons and plasmon polaritons frequencies, which differ from the standard relations. So, we study the frequency of phonon polaritons in a two dimensional lattice with applications to CuO2 lattice. Next, we evaluate plasmon frequencies in graphene and in Cu2D and Cu3D metals. Further, we evaluate the frequency of surface plasmon polaritons at the Cu2D/air and Cu3D/air interfaces. The obtained results are in a good agreement with experimental data. Also, we present a correspondence between the potential vector and the displacement of an oscillator. It is well known that the commutation relations of the operators in second quantization originate from the simple harmonic oscillators that are used to quantize the electromagnetic field. Finally, we present a comparison between photons, phonons and plasmons.
description: 15 pages, 2 Tables
Additional file 1 of Rare earth element identification and quantification in millimetre-sized Ryugu rock fragments from the Hayabusa2 space mission
Creators: name: Tack, Pieter
name: De Pauw, Ella
name: Tkalcec, Beverley
name: Lindner, Miles
name: Bazi, Benjamin
name: Vekemans, Bart
name: Brenker, Frank
name: Di Michiel, Marco
name: Uesugi, Masayuki
name: Yurimoto, Hisayoshi
name: Nakamura, Tomoki
name: Amano, Kana
name: Matsumoto, Megumi
name: Fujioka, Yuri
name: Enokido, Yuma
name: Nakashima, Daisuke
name: Noguchi, Takaaki
name: Okazaki, Ryuji
name: Yabuta, Hikaru
name: Naraoka, Hiroshi
name: Sakamoto, Kanako
name: Tachibana, Shogo
name: Yada, Toru
name: Nishimura, Masahiro
name: Nakato, Aiko
name: Miyazaki, Akiko
name: Yogata, Kasumi
name: Abe, Masanao
name: Okada, Tatsuaki
name: Usui, Tomohiro
name: Yoshikawa, Makoto
name: Saiki, Takanao
name: Tanaka, Satoshi
name: Terui, Fuyuto
name: Nakazawa, Satoru
name: Watanabe, Sei-Ichiro
name: Tsuda, Yuichi
name: Vincze, Laszlo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file1: Figure S1 XRF spectra corresponding to the measurements in points 1 to 4 in rock fragment C0076 (600 s/pt). XRF spectra were normalised for the Ta–Kα signal intensity to provide more straightforward comparison. Magnified inserts of two select energy ranges marked by dashed bounding boxes in light blue and red are displayed in parts B and C, respectively. Figure S2 CT slices that were obtained at SPring-8 beamline 20X (Nakamura et al. 2022b) show the positions of the points of interest indicated in Figure A1 in Ryugu rock fragment C0076. A red arrow marks the primary X-ray beam path and direction, fluorescence detector was positioned at the left of the CT image. Yellow circles indicate the Ca-rich grains (point 1) from which REE information is primarily obtained. Points 2–4 are matrix measurements and as such have no distinct Ca-rich grains. Separate grains along the beam path are indicated by their respective size along the beam path in orange, along with an estimate of the mineralogical phase for the larger grains.
Structural Basis for Molecular Recognition at Serotonin Receptors
Creators: name: Huang, X.-P.
name: Liu, W.
name: Katritch, V.
name: Roth, B. L.
name: Cherezov, V.
name: Ma, J.
name: Jiang, Y.
name: Bai, F.
name: Melcher, K.
name: Zhang, C.
name: Stevens, R. C.
name: Wacker, D.
name: Yang, L.
name: Wu, H.
name: Jiang, H.
name: McCorvy, J. D.
name: Han, G. W.
name: Vardy, E.
name: Gao, X.
name: Wang, C.
name: Yang, H.
name: Xu, H. E.
name: Zhou, X. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) regulates a wide spectrum of human physiology through the 5-HT receptor family. We report the crystal structures of the human 5-HT1B G protein-coupled receptor bound to the agonist anti-migraine medications ergotamine and dihydroergotamine. The structures reveal similar binding modes for these ligands, which occupy the orthosteric pocket and an extended binding pocket close to the extracellular loops. The orthosteric pocket is formed by residues conserved in the 5-HT receptor family, clarifying the family-wide agonist activity of 5-HT. Compared to the accompanying structure of the 5-HT2B receptor, the 5-HT1B receptor displays a 3 angstrom outward shift at the extracellular end of helix V, resulting in a more open extended pocket that explains subtype selectivity. Together with docking and mutagenesis studies, these structures provide a comprehensive structural basis for understanding receptor-ligand interactions and designing subtype-selective serotonergic drugs.
Benford Analysis: A useful paradigm for spectroscopic analysis
Creators: name: Bhole, Gaurav
name: Shukla, Abhishek
name: Mahesh, T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Benford's law is a statistical inference to predict the frequency of significant digits in naturally occurring numerical databases. In such databases this law predicts a higher occurrence of the digit 1 in the most significant place and decreasing occurrences to other larger digits. Although counter-intuitive at first sight, Benford's law has seen applications in a wide variety of fields like physics, earth-science, biology, finance etc. In this work, we have explored the use of Benford's law for various spectroscopic applications. Although, we use NMR signals as our databases, the methods described here may also be extended to other spectroscopic techniques. In particular, with the help of Benford analysis, we demonstrate the detection of weak NMR signals and spectral corrections. We also explore a potential application of Benford analysis in the image-processing of MRI data.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
On the cardinality of a factor set in the symmetric group
Creators: name: Yordzhev, Krasimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A18, 05C90

description: Let $n$ be a positive integer, $σ$ be an element of the symmetric group $\mathcal{S}_n$ and let $σ$ be a cycle of length $n$. The elements $α,β\in \mathcal{S}_n$ are $σ$-equivalent, if there are natural numbers $k$ and $l$, such that $σ^k α=βσ^l$, which is the same as the condition to exist natural numbers $k_1$ and $l_1$, such that $α= σ^{k_1} βσ^{l_1}$. In this work we examine some properties of the so defined equivalence relation. We build a finite oriented graph $Γ_n$ with the help of which is described an algorithm for solving the combinatorial problem for finding the number of equivalence classes according to this relation.
1D-Touch: NLP-Assisted Coarse Text Selection via a Semi-Direct Gesture
Creators: name: Jiang, Peiling
name: Feng, Li
name: Sun, Fuling
name: Sarkar, Parakrant
name: Xia, Haijun
name: Liu, Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Existing text selection techniques on touchscreen focus on improving the control for moving the carets. Coarse-grained text selection on word and phrase levels has not received much support beyond word-snapping and entity recognition. We introduce 1D-Touch, a novel text selection method that complements the carets-based sub-word selection by facilitating the selection of semantic units of words and above. This method employs a simple vertical slide gesture to expand and contract a selection area from a word. The expansion can be by words or by semantic chunks ranging from sub-phrases to sentences. This technique shifts the concept of text selection, from defining a range by locating the first and last words, towards a dynamic process of expanding and contracting a textual semantic entity. To understand the effects of our approach, we prototyped and tested two variants: WordTouch, which offers a straightforward word-by-word expansion, and ChunkTouch, which leverages NLP to chunk text into syntactic units, allowing the selection to grow by semantically meaningful units in response to the sliding gesture. Our evaluation, focused on the coarse-grained selection tasks handled by 1D-Touch, shows a 20% improvement over the default word-snapping selection method on Android.
Local Hidden Variable Theoretic Measure of Quantumness of Mutual Information
Creators: name: Puri, R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement, a manifestation of quantumness of correlations between the observables of the subsystems of a composite system, and the quantumness of their mutual information are widely studied characteristics of a system of spin-1/2 particles. The concept of quantumness of correlations between the observables of a system is based on incommensurability of the correlations with the predictions of some local hidden variable (LHV) theory. However, the concept of quantumness of mutual information does not invoke the LHV theory explicitly. In this paper, by invoking explicitly the local hidden variable theory, a measure of quantumness of mutual information, $Q_{LHV}$, for a system of two spin-1/2 particles is proposed. It is based on finding the difference between the quantum and classical mutual informations in which the classical mutual information corresponds to the joint probability of the eigenvalues of the spins each along a specified direction. The proposed measure circumvents the need of optimization when the Bloch vector of each spin is non-zero; the optimization is needed but can be performed analytically exactly when the Bloch vector of each spin vanishes and is simplified when the Bloch vector of only one of the spins is zero. In essence, the proposed measure is identical with the measurement induced disturbance when the Bloch vector of each of the spins is non-zero. However, whereas the measurement induced disturbance is non-unique when the Bloch vector of one or both the spins is zero, the proposed measure even then determines the quantumness of mutual information unambiguously. The $Q_{LHV}$ is identical with the symmetric discord if the Bloch vector of each spin vanishes. It is same as the quantum discord if the Bloch vector of only one spin is zero and if the state in question possesses certain additional properties.
description: 12 pages
New charge radius relations for atomic nuclei
Creators: name: Sun, B. H.
name: Lu, Y.
name: Peng, J. P.
name: Liu, C. Y.
name: Zhao, Y. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the charge radii of neighboring atomic nuclei, independent of atomic number and charge, follow remarkably very simple relations, despite the fact that atomic nuclei are complex finite many-body systems governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. These relations can be understood within the picture of independent-particle motion and by assuming neighboring nuclei having similar pattern in the charge density distribution. A root-mean-square (rms) deviation of 0.0078 fm is obtained between the predictions in these relations and the experimental values, i.e., a comparable precision as modern experimental techniques. Such high accuracy relations are very useful to check the consistence of nuclear charge radius surface and moreover to predict unknown nuclear charge radii, while large deviations from experimental data is seen to reveal the appearance of nuclear shape transition or coexsitence.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Cranial Nerve Bingo!
Creators: name: Findlay, Kellyanne
Publisher: name: Edge Hill University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biological psychology not elsewhere classified

description: This is a bingo game that can be used to consolidate knowledge of the cranial nerves.
 Cranial nerve bingo can be played individually or as a group.
 Instructions, bingo cards, and bingo questions are included.
Optimal Allocation of Trend Following Strategies
Creators: name: Grebenkov, Denis S.
name: Serror, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We consider a portfolio allocation problem for trend following (TF) strategies on multiple correlated assets. Under simplifying assumptions of a Gaussian market and linear TF strategies, we derive analytical formulas for the mean and variance of the portfolio return. We construct then the optimal portfolio that maximizes risk-adjusted return by accounting for inter-asset correlations. The dynamic allocation problem for $n$ assets is shown to be equivalent to the classical static allocation problem for $n^2$ virtual assets that include lead-lag corrections in positions of TF strategies. The respective roles of asset auto-correlations and inter-asset correlations are investigated in depth for the two-asset case and a sector model. In contrast to the principle of diversification suggesting to treat uncorrelated assets, we show that inter-asset correlations allow one to estimate apparent trends more reliably and to adjust the TF positions more efficiently. If properly accounted for, inter-asset correlations are not deteriorative but beneficial for portfolio management that can open new profit opportunities for trend followers.
Additional file 1 of Pneumococcal vaccination coverage in individuals (16–59 years) with a newly diagnosed risk condition in Germany
Creators: name: Deb, Arijita
name: Podmore, Bélène
name: Barnett, Rosemarie
name: Beier, Dominik
name: Galetzka, Wolfgang
name: Qizilbash, Nawab
name: Haeckl, Dennis
name: Boellinger, Timo
name: Johnson, Kelly D.
name: Weiss, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1 At-risk conditions. Table S2 High-risk conditions.
Structural Features for Functional Selectivity at Serotonin Receptors
Creators: name: Cherezov, V.
name: Katritch, V.
name: Xu, H. E.
name: Jiang, Y.
name: Roth, B. L.
name: Chu, M.
name: Vardy, E.
name: Huang, X.-P.
name: McCorvy, J. D.
name: Wang, C.
name: Han, G. W.
name: Liu, W.
name: Wacker, D.
name: Stevens, R. C.
name: Siu, F. Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Drugs active at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can differentially modulate either canonical or non-canonical signaling pathways via a phenomenon known as functional selectivity or biased signaling. We report biochemical studies that show that the hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), its precursor ergotamine (ERG) and related ergolines display strong functional selectivity for β-arrestin signaling at the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor 5-HT2B, while being relatively unbiased at the 5-HT1B receptor. To investigate the structural basis for biased signaling, we determined the crystal structure of the human 5-HT2B receptor bound to ERG, and compared it with the 5-HT1B/ERG structure. Given the relatively poor understanding of GPCR structure-function to date, insight into different GPCR signaling pathways are important to better understand both adverse and favorable therapeutic activities.
Structure of Histone mRNA Stem-Loop, Human Stem-Loop Binding Protein, and 3'hExo Ternary Complex
Creators: name: Dominski, Z.
name: Tan, D.
name: Marzluff, W. F.
name: Tong, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Metazoan replication-dependent histone mRNAs have a conserved stem-loop (SL) at their 3′-end. The stem–loop binding protein (SLBP) specifically recognizes the SL to regulate histone mRNA metabolism, and the 3′-5′ exonuclease 3′hExo trims its 3′-end after processing. We report the crystal structure of a ternary complex of human SLBP RNA binding domain, human 3′hExo, and a 26-nucleotide SL RNA. Only one base of the SL is recognized specifically by SLBP, and the two proteins primarily recognize the shape of the RNA. SLBP and 3′hExo have no direct contact with each other, and induced structural changes in the loop of the SL mediate their cooperative binding. The 3′ flanking sequence is positioned in the 3′hExo active site, but the ternary complex limits the extent of trimming.
Wide Quantum Critical Region of Valence Fluctuations: Origin of Robust Quantum Criticality in Quasicrystal Yb15Al34Au51 under Pressure
Creators: name: Watanabe, Shinji
name: Miyake, Kazumasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism of the emergence of robust quantum criticality in the heavy-electron quasicrystal Yb15Al34Au51 is analyzed theoretically. By constructing a minimal model for the quasicrystal and its crystalline approximant, which contain concentric shell structures with Yb and Al-Au clusters, we show that a set of quantum critical points of the first-order valence transition of Yb appears as spots in the ground-state phase diagram. Their critical regions overlap each other, giving rise to a wide quantum critical region. This well explains the robust criticality observed in Yb15Al34Au51 under pressure, and predicts the emergence of the common criticality in the crystalline approximant under pressure. The wider critical region in the quasicrystal than that in the crystalline approximant in the T-P phase diagram and the field-induced valence-crossover "region" in the T-H phase diagram are predicted to appear.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, conference proceedings based on the talk at SCES2014 constituted of partly published results in section 2 (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 83 (2013) 061006) and new results in section 3 as the self-contained form
Supplementary Material for "The impact of predators and vegetation on shoaling in wild zebrafish"
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Ishani
name: Bhat, Anuradha
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary_Vegetation and predators influence shoaling_RSoc_ modified 29Apr.docx
The Inhibitory Circuit Architecture of the Lateral Hypothalamus Orchestrates Feeding
Creators: name: Stamatakis, A. M.
name: Rizzi, G.
name: Jennings, J. H.
name: Stuber, G. D.
name: Ung, R. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The growing prevalence of overeating disorders is a key contributor to the worldwide obesity epidemic. Dysfunction of particular neural circuits may trigger deviations from adaptive feeding behaviors. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a crucial neural substrate for motivated behavior including feeding, but the precise functional neurocircuitry that controls LH neuronal activity to engage feeding has not been defined. We observed that inhibitory synaptic inputs from the extended amygdala preferentially innervate and suppress the activity of LH glutamatergic neurons to control food intake. These findings help explain how dysregulated activity at a number of unique nodes can result in a cascading failure within a defined brain network to produce maladaptive feeding.
Cell Surface ABP1-TMK Auxin-Sensing Complex Activates ROP GTPase Signaling
Creators: name: Patterson, S. E.
name: Chen, J.
name: Nagawa, S.
name: Friml, J.
name: Dai, N.
name: Wang, W.
name: Cao, M.
name: Yang, Z.
name: Jones, A. M.
name: Rakusova, H.
name: Zhou, Z.
name: De Rycke, R.
name: Xu, T.
name: Li, H.
name: Bleecker, A. B.
name: Chen, X.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Auxin-binding protein 1 (ABP1) was discovered nearly 40 years ago and was shown to be essential for plant development and morphogenesis, but its mode of action remains unclear. Here, we report that the plasma membrane–localized transmembrane kinase (TMK) receptor–like kinases interact with ABP1 and transduce auxin signal to activate plasma membrane–associated ROPs [Rho-like guanosine triphosphatases (GTPase) from plants], leading to changes in the cytoskeleton and the shape of leaf pavement cells in Arabidopsis. The interaction between ABP1 and TMK at the cell surface is induced by auxin and requires ABP1 sensing of auxin. These findings show that TMK proteins and ABP1 form a cell surface auxin perception complex that activates ROP signaling pathways, regulating nontranscriptional cytoplasmic responses and associated fundamental processes.
Higher-curvature corrections to holographic entanglement entropy in geometries with hyperscaling violation
Creators: name: Bueno, Pablo
name: Ramirez, Pedro F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of including higher-curvature corrections to the Einstein gravity bulk action on the holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) expression for geometries with hyperscaling violation (hvLf). For $θ< 0$ we show that one single new divergence arises for general curvature-squared gravities, which allows us to conjecture the general expression of HEE for any higher-order gravity action. For $0
description: 31+1 pages, 3 figures; v4: minor corrections, references added
Early Childhood Investments Substantially Boost Adult Health
Creators: name: Pan, Y.
name: Moon, S. H.
name: Pungello, E.
name: Heckman, J. J.
name: Conti, G.
name: Campbell, F.
name: Pinto, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: High-quality early childhood programs have been shown to have substantial benefits in reducing crime, raising earnings, and promoting education. Much less is known about their benefits for adult health. We report the long-term health impacts of one of the oldest and most heavily cited early childhood interventions with long-term follow-up evaluated by the method of randomization: the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). Using recently collected biomedical data, we find that disadvantaged children randomly assigned to treatment have significantly lower prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in their mid-30s. The evidence is especially strong for males. The mean systolic blood pressure among the control males is 143, while only 126 among the treated. One in four males in the control group is affected by metabolic syndrome, while none in the treatment group is. To reach these conclusions, we address several statistical challenges. We use exact permutation tests to account for small sample sizes and conduct a parallel bootstrap confidence interval analysis to confirm the permutation analysis. We adjust inference to account for the multiple hypotheses tested and for nonrandom attrition. Our evidence shows the potential of early life interventions for preventing disease and promoting health.
Host genetic diversity enables Ebola hemorrhagic fever pathogenesis and resistance
Creators: name: Feldmann, H.
name: Green, R.
name: Baric, R. S.
name: Miller, D. R.
name: Scott, D. P.
name: Kelly, S. M.
name: Korth, M. J.
name: Feldmann, F.
name: Haddock, E.
name: Carter, V. S.
name: Okumura, A.
name: Heise, M. T.
name: Sova, P.
name: Rasmussen, A. L.
name: Shaw, G. D.
name: Weiss, J. M.
name: Katze, M. G.
name: LaCasse, R.
name: de Villena, F. P.-M.
name: Safronetz, D.
name: Ferris, M. T.
name: Thomas, M. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Existing mouse models of lethal Ebola virus infection do not reproduce hallmark symptoms of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, neither delayed blood coagulation and disseminated intravascular coagulation, nor death from shock, thus restricting pathogenesis studies to non-human primates. Here we show that mice from the Collaborative Cross exhibit distinct disease phenotypes following mouse-adapted Ebola virus infection. Phenotypes range from complete resistance to lethal disease to severe hemorrhagic fever characterized by prolonged coagulation times and 100% mortality. Inflammatory signaling was associated with vascular permeability and endothelial activation, and resistance to lethal infection arose by induction of lymphocyte differentiation and cellular adhesion, likely mediated by the susceptibility allele Tek. These data indicate that genetic background determines susceptibility to Ebola hemorrhagic fever.
BOLD & Non-BOLD Contrasts in Human fMRI
Creators: name: Kashyap, Sriranga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: BOLD
fMRI

description: This lecture was given as a part of the Weekend Educational Course on 'Advances in fMRI' at the 2023 Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. The video lecture is restricted to the attendees of the 2023 Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Talk Synopsis: fMRI is a non-invasive method that allows scientists to study brain function during tasks or at rest. The BOLD contrast is the workhorse of functional neuroimaging. A cascade of physiological events following neuronal activity (changes in blood oxygenation, flow, and volume) culminates in the BOLD signal. The versatility of MRI enables imaging of blood flow and volume using techniques such as Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) and Vascular Space Occupancy (VASO) respectively. In this talk, we will learn about BOLD and non-BOLD contrasts (CBF, CBV), discuss what they offer, and how they differ in their application to human fMRI.
Origin and Spread of de Novo Genes in Drosophila melanogaster Populations
Creators: name: Jones, C. D.
name: Saelao, P.
name: Begun, D. J.
name: Zhao, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Comparative genomic analyses have revealed that genes may arise from ancestrally non-genic sequence. However, the origin and spread of these de novo genes within populations remain obscure. We identified 142 segregating and 106 fixed testis-expressed de novo genes in a population sample of Drosophila melanogaster. These genes appear to derive primarily from ancestral intergenic, unexpressed open reading frames (ORFs), with natural selection playing a significant role in their spread. These results reveal a heretofore-unappreciated dynamism of gene content.
Mimicking two field inflationary features with a single field
Creators: name: Tom, Anvy Moly
name: Raveendran, Rathul Nath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that damped superimposed oscillations at large scales in the primordial power spectrum can be generated in both single field and two field models. In single field inflationary models, these features typically arise due to deviations from the slow roll regime. On the other hand, in two field models, these features are generated due to a turn in the background trajectory in the field space. In this work, we demonstrate that both single field and two field models can produce identical features at large scales in the primordial power spectrum. To achieve this, we utilize the generalized slow roll approximation and successfully reconstruct single field models based on the featured power spectrum typically generated in two field models. To validate our methodology, we numerically calculate the power spectrum from the reconstructed potential and find a remarkable agreement with the power spectrum which is obtained from the two field model.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Cryo-EM structure of an antibody that neutralizes dengue virus type 2 by locking E protein dimers
Creators: name: Wang, J.
name: Crowe, J. E.
name: de Silva, A. M.
name: Harris, E.
name: Kostyuchenko, V. A.
name: Ooi, J. S. G.
name: Lim, X.-N.
name: Tan, J. L.
name: Smith, S. A.
name: Ibarra, K. D.
name: Ng, T.-S.
name: Fibriansah, G.
name: Lok, S.-M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: There are four closely-related dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. Infection with one serotype generates antibodies that may cross-react and enhance infection with other serotypes in a secondary infection. We demonstrated that DENV serotype 2 (DENV2)–specific human monoclonal antibody (HMAb) 2D22 is therapeutic in a mouse model of antibody-enhanced severe dengue disease. We determined the cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of HMAb 2D22 complexed with two different DENV2 strains. HMAb 2D22 binds across viral envelope (E) proteins in the dimeric structure, which probably blocks the E protein reorganization required for virus fusion. HMAb 2D22 “locks” two-thirds of or all dimers on the virus surface, depending on the strain, but neutralizes these DENV2 strains with equal potency. The epitope defined by HMAb 2D22 is a potential target for vaccines and therapeutics.
Alfvenic waves in polar spicules
Creators: name: Tavabi, E.
name: Koutchmy, S.
name: Ajabshirizadeh, A.
name: Maralani, A. R. Ahangarzadeh
name: Zeighami, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. For investigating spicules from the photosphere to coronal heights, the new Hinode/SOT long series of high resolution observations from Space taken in CaII H line emission offers an improved way to look at their remarkable dynamical behavior using images free of seeing effects. They should be put in the context of the huge amount of already accumulated material from ground-based instruments, including high- resolution spectra of off-limb spicules. Results. The surge-like behavior of solar polar region spicules supports the untwisting multi-component interpretation of spicules exhibiting helical dynamics. Several tall spicules are found with (i) upward and downward flows similar at lower and middle-levels, the rate of upward motion being slightly higher at high levels; (ii) the left and right-hand velocities are also increasing with height; (iii) a large number of multi-component spicules show shearing motion of both left-handed and right-handed senses occurring simultaneously, which might be understood as twisting (or untwisting) threads. The number of turns depends on the overall diameter of the structure made of components and changes from at least one turn for the smallest structure to at most two or three turns for surge-like broad structures; the curvature along the spicule corresponds to a low turn number similar to a transverse kink mode oscillation along the threads.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, Accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics
The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) pilot analysis: Multitissue gene regulation in humans
Creators: name: Ardlie, K. G.
name: Getz, G.
name: Ferreira, P. G.
name: Segre, A. V.
name: Ward, L. D.
name: Young, T. R.
name: Lappalainen, T.
name: Sullivan, T. J.
name: Winckler, W.
name: Li, G.
name: Kheradpour, P.
name: Lek, M.
name: Shabalin, A. A.
name: Hirschhorn, J. N.
name: Deluca, D. S.
name: MacArthur, D. G.
name: Kellis, M.
name: Rusyn, I.
name: Wright, F. A.
name: Nobel, A. B.
name: Tukiainen, T.
name: Esko, T.
name: Iriarte, B.
name: Gelfand, E. T.
name: Maller, J. B.
name: Zhou, Y.-H.
name: Palmer, C. D.
name: Meng, Y.
name: Trowbridge, C. A.
name: Ongen, H.
name: Rivas, M. A.
name: Battle, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Understanding the functional consequences of genetic variation, and how it affects complex human disease and quantitative traits, remains a critical challenge for biomedicine. We present an analysis of RNA sequencing data from 1641 samples across 43 tissues from 175 individuals, generated as part of the pilot phase of the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. We describe the landscape of gene expression across tissues, catalog thousands of tissue-specific and shared regulatory expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) variants, describe complex network relationships, and identify signals from genome-wide association studies explained by eQTLs. These findings provide a systematic understanding of the cellular and biological consequences of human genetic variation and of the heterogeneity of such effects among a diverse set of human tissues.