cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fifty-kDa Hyaluronic Acid Upregulates Some Epidermal Genes without Changing TNF-α Expression in Reconstituted Epidermis
Creators: name: Farwick, M.
name: Gauglitz, G.
name: Pavicic, T.
name: Köhler, T.
name: Wegmann, M.
name: Schwach-Abdellaoui, K.
name: Malle, D.
name: Tarabin, V.
name: Schmitz, Gerd
name: Korting, H. C.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Hyaluronic acid, Skin penetration, Anti-wrinkle effect, Skin inflammation
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Due to its strong water binding potential, hyaluronic acid (HA) is a well-known active ingredient for cosmetic applications. However, based on its varying molecular size, skin penetration of HA may be limited. Recent studies have demonstrated that low-molecular-weight HA (LMW HA) may show a certain proinflammatory activity. We thus aimed to characterize an LMW-sized HA molecule that combines strong anti-aging abilities with efficient skin penetration but lacks potential proinflammatory effects. Methods: Total RNA and total protein were isolated from reconstituted human epidermis following incubation with HAs of various molecular weights (20, 50, 130, 300, 800 and 1,500 kDa). Tumor necrosis factor-α expression was determined using quantitative PCR. Genomic and proteomic expression of various junctional proteins was determined using Affymetrix and common Western blotting techniques. Results: LMWHA of approximately 50 kDa did not significantly alter tumor necrosis factor-α expression compared to 20-kDa HA, but revealed significantly higher skin penetration rates than larger sized HA associated with increased expression of genes and proteins known to be involved in tight junction formation and keratinocyte cohesion. Conclusion: LMW HA of approximately 50 kDa shows better penetration abilities than larger-sized HA. In addition, LMW HA influences the expression of various genes including those contributing to keratinocyte differentiation and formation of intercellular tight junction complexes without showing proinflammatory activity. These observations contribute to current knowledge on the effects of LMW HA on keratinocyte biology and cutaneous physiology.
description: OA-Komponente aus Allianzlizenz
Bounded orbits and global fixed points for groups acting on the plane
Creators: name: Mann, Kathryn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let G be a group acting on the plane by orientation-preserving homeomorphisms. We show that if for some k>0 there is a ball of radius r > k/\sqrt{3} such that each point x in the ball satisfies |gx -hx| < k for all g, h in G, and the action of G satisfies a nonwandering hypothesis, then the action has a global fixed point. In particular, any group of measure-preserving orientation preserving homeomorphisms of the plane with uniformly bounded orbits has a global fixed point. The constant k/\sqrt{3} is sharp. We also show that a group acting on the plane with orbits bounded as above is left orderable.
description: v2 reflects published version. Added argument in section 2, results unchanged
Expander graphs from Curtis Tits groups
Creators: name: Blok, Rieuwert
name: Hoffman, Corneliu
name: Vdovina, Alina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using the construction of a nonorientable Curtis-Tits group of type $\tilde A_n$, we obtain new explicit families of expander graphs of valency five for unitary groups over finite fields.
description: Some results are strengthened
Chancen der Telemedizin für O&U
Creators: name: Nerlich, Michael
name: Herbst, Tanja
name: Ernstberger, Antonio
name: Blätzinger, Markus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: telemedicine, orthopedics and trauma surgery, TraumaNetwork, teleradiology, telecooperation TKmed®, TeleQualy
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Telemedicine or eHealth today are important tools of everyday medical life. In all areas – from the preclinic, clinic to aftercare – significant improvements in communication structures have been noticed through various eHealth options, which have significant positive effects on the quality of patient care in orthopedics and trauma surgery. At the beginning, there were several isolated solutions and many small individual projects, but there was a lack of interdisciplinary and comprehensive systems in all health care fields. The German Trauma Society (DGU) took the lead together with AUC and paved the way for a modulated, comprehensive, interface-compatible teleradiology system. Nevertheless, there are still deficits across all sectors, which in the future will have to be optimized by eHealth methods and systems. Overall, there is an effort towards patient-centered solutions (mature patient).
Mechanics of extended masses in general relativity
Creators: name: Harte, Abraham I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The "external" or "bulk" motion of extended bodies is studied in general relativity. Compact material objects of essentially arbitrary shape, spin, internal composition, and velocity are allowed as long as there is no direct (non-gravitational) contact with other sources of stress-energy. Physically reasonable linear and angular momenta are proposed for such bodies and exact equations describing their evolution are derived. Changes in the momenta depend on a certain "effective metric" that is closely related to a non-perturbative generalization of the Detweiler-Whiting R-field originally introduced in the self-force literature. If the effective metric inside a self-gravitating body can be adequately approximated by an appropriate power series, the instantaneous gravitational force and torque exerted on it is shown to be identical to the force and torque exerted on an appropriate test body moving in the effective metric. This result holds to all multipole orders. The only instantaneous effect of a body's self-field is to finitely renormalize the "bare" multipole moments of its stress-energy tensor. The MiSaTaQuWa expression for the gravitational self-force is recovered as a simple application. A gravitational self-torque is obtained as well. Lastly, it is shown that the effective metric in which objects appear to move is approximately a solution to the vacuum Einstein equation if the physical metric is an approximate solution to Einstein's equation linearized about a vacuum background.
description: 39 pages, 2 figures; fixed equation satisfied by the Green function used to construct the effective metric
Non-equilibrium dynamics of the driven Hubbard model
Creators: name: Amaricci, A.
name: Weber, C.
name: Capone, M.
name: Kotliar, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of a two-dimensional Hubbard model in a static electric field in order to identify the conditions to reach a non-equilibrium stationary state. For a generic electric field, the convergence to a stationary state requires the coupling to a thermostating bath absorbing the work done by the external force. Following the real-time dynamics of the system, we show that a non-equilibrium stationary state is reached for essentially any value of the coupling to the bath. We map out a phase diagram in terms of dissipation and electric field strengths and identify the dissipation values in which steady current is largest for a given field.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Revisiting the phonon theory of liquid heat capacity: low-frequency shear modes and intramolecular vibrations
Creators: name: Liu, Yu
name: Baggioli, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling the heat capacity of liquids present fundamental difficulties due to the strong intermolecular particle interactions and large diffusive-like displacements. Based on the experimental evidence that the microscopic dynamics of liquids closely resemble those of solids, a phonon theory of liquid thermodynamics has been developed. Despite its success, the phonon theory of liquids relies on the questionable assumption that low-frequency shear excitations are propagating in nature and follow a Debye density of states. Furthermore, the same framework does not capture the contribution of intramolecular vibrations, which play a significant role in molecular liquids. In this work, we revisit the phonon theory of liquid heat capacity, introducing alternative approaches to model low-frequency shear modes. In particular, we consider the recently proposed idea of treating such modes as pure kinetic and we propose a novel approach based on identifying those low-frequency excitations as overdamped liquid-like modes with linear in frequency density of states. Moreover, we complete the theory by incorporating the effects of intramolecular vibrations. By comparing the theoretical predictions from these different approaches with the available data for the heat capacity of several liquids, we present a comprehensive evaluation of the original model and the newly proposed extensions. Despite all approaches perform well at low-temperatures, our results indicate that modeling low-frequency modes as overdamped liquid-like excitations yields the most accurate agreement with the data in the whole temperature range. Conversely, we demonstrate that treating these excitations as purely gas-like leads to significant inaccuracies, particularly at high temperatures.
description: v2: matching the published version to appear in PRB
Finite basis for analytic strong n-gaps
Creators: name: Avilés, Antonio
name: Todorcevic, Stevo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03E15, 03E99, 05D10

description: We identify the finite list of minimal analytic n-gaps which are not countably separated, and we prove that every analytic n-gap which is not countably separated contains a gap from our finite list.
description: Revised version
Virtual qubits, virtual temperatures, and the foundations of thermodynamics
Creators: name: Brunner, Nicolas
name: Linden, Noah
name: Popescu, Sandu
name: Skrzypczyk, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that thermal machines can be understood from the perspective of `virtual qubits' at `virtual temperatures': The relevant way to view the two heat baths which drive a thermal machine is as a composite system. Virtual qubits are two-level subsystems of this composite, and their virtual temperatures can take on any value, positive or negative. Thermal machines act upon an external system by placing it in thermal contact with a well-selected range of virtual qubits and temperatures. We demonstrate these claims by studying the smallest thermal machines. We show further that this perspective provides a powerful way to view thermodynamics, by analysing a number of phenomena. This includes approaching Carnot efficiency (where we find that all machines do so essentially by becoming equivalent to the smallest thermal machines), entropy production in irreversible machines, and a way to view work in terms of negative temperature and population inversion. Moreover we introduce the idea of "genuine" thermal machines and are led to considering the concept of "strength" of work.
description: v2: Published version. 15 pages, 8 figures
Topology and Sizes of HII Regions during Cosmic Reionization
Creators: name: Friedrich, Martina M.
name: Mellema, Garrelt
name: Alvarez, Marcelo A.
name: Shapiro, Paul R.
name: Iliev, Ilian T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the results of large-scale simulations of reionization to explore methods for characterizing the topology and sizes of HII regions during reionization. We use four independent methods for characterizing the sizes of ionized regions. Three of them give us a full size distribution: the friends-of-friends (FOF) method, the spherical average method (SPA) and the power spectrum (PS) of the ionized fraction. These latter three methods are complementary: While the FOF method captures the size distribution of the small scale H II regions, which contribute only a small amount to the total ionization fraction, the spherical average method provides a smoothed measure for the average size of the H II regions constituting the main contribution to the ionized fraction, and the power spectrum does the same while retaining more details on the size distribution. Our fourth method for characterizing the sizes of the H II regions is the average size which results if we divide the total volume of the H II regions by their total surface area, (i.e. 3V/A), computed in terms of the ratio of the corresponding Minkowski functionals of the ionized fraction field. To characterize the topology of the ionized regions, we calculate the evolution of the Euler Characteristic. We find that the evolution of the topology during the first half of reionization is consistent with inside-out reionization of a Gaussian density field. We use these techniques to investigate the dependence of size and topology on some basic source properties, such as the halo mass-to-light ratio, susceptibility of haloes to negative feedback from reionization, and the minimum halo mass for sources to form. We find that suppression of ionizing sources within ionized regions slows the growth of H II regions, and also changes their size distribution. Additionally, the topology of simulations including suppression is more complex. (abridged)
description: Removed spurious boldface command in latex and lose figure
Preferences for sexual health services among middle-aged and older adults in the UK: a discrete choice experiment
Creators: name: Kpokiri, Eneyi
name: Ong, Jason
name: Wu, Dan
name: Tucker, Joseph D
name: Pan, Stephen W
name: Tieosapjaroen, Warittha
name: Sakuma, Yoshiko
name: Terris-Prestholt, Fern
name: Guigayoma, John
name: Shakespeare, Thomas
name: Conyers, Hayley
Publisher: name: BMJ
Year: 2024

description: OBJECTIVES: Sexual health is an integral part of well-being. However, the sexual health needs and desires of middle-aged and older adults have been largely disregarded. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the sexual health service preferences of adults aged 45 and older to improve the accessibility of sexual health services in the UK.
METHODS: The formative stage of the discrete choice experiment (DCE) followed three steps: concept elicitation, refining and implementation. The attributes and levels were determined through 22 semistructured interviews during the concept elicitation, followed by pilot testing for refining the survey. Qualtrics XM, with conjoint project features, was implemented as the DCE survey platform. We used a random parameter logit model to estimate the relative importance (RI) of each attribute and preference for each attribute level. We also used a latent class model to explore groups of participants with similar preferences.
RESULTS: In total, 200 responses were included for analysis. The demographic breakdown included 62.5% females, 35.5% people with disabilities and 26.0% identifying as a sexual minority. The median age was 53. Preferences for using sexual health services were mainly influenced by the mode of delivery (RI 32%), location (RI 18%) and cost (RI 16%). Participants showed a preference for face-to-face interactions at sexual health clinics and displayed a willingness to pay for private services. Extra support and the consultation style played minor roles in their decision-making process. No differences in preferences were identified among disabled people. However, sexual minorities expressed their preferences for conventional messaging.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that middle-aged and older individuals prioritise sexual health services offering face-to-face consultations, emphasising a preference to attend sexual health clinics over cost. Aligning service delivery with these preferences has the potential to significantly improve the accessibility and uptake of sexual health services for adults aged 45 and older in the UK.
Numerical investigation of spatial inhomogeneities in gravity and quantum field theory
Creators: name: Vincart-Emard, Alexandre
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Many interesting phenomena, such as high-temperature superconductivity and the quark-gluon plasma, still lack a satisfyingly predictive theoretical description. However, recent advances have revealed a curious connection between quantum field theories at strong coupling and classical gravity. This correspondence, known as the gauge/gravity duality or holographic correspondence, offers a promising perspective for investigating strongly correlated systems. In this thesis, we focus on using these new tools to examine the consequences of breaking translational invariance in such systems. We first use this duality to study the holographic realization of a spatially inhomogeneous condensed matter device known as a Josephson junction. We do so by constructing the gravitational equivalent of two superconductors separated by a weak metallic link, from which we then extract various field-theoretic quantities of interest. These include the spontaneously generated Josephson current, the superconducting order parameter, as well as a novel quantity we refer to as edge currents, which are indicative of gapless chiral modes localized at the interfaces between phases. We then investigate the more abstract construct of entanglement entropy in holographic theories. We model the fast local injection of energy in a 2+1 dimensional field theory and study the resulting thermalization of quantum entanglement. We achieve this objective by numerically evolving the geometry dual to a local quench from which we then compute the area of various minimal surfaces, the holographic proxy for entanglement entropy. We observe the appearance of a lightcone featuring two distinct regimes of entanglement propagation and provide a phenomenological explanation of the underlying mechanisms at play. Finally, we turn our attention to spatial inhomogeneities in gravitational systems themselves. We use an approximation of general relativity in which the number of spacetime dimensions is infinite to investigate the Gregory-Laflamme instability of higher-dimensional charged black branes. We argue that charged branes are always unstable in this new language, and push the approximation to next-to-leading order to compute the critical dimension below which the instability results in horizon fragmentation. We also examine the stability properties of two-dimensional black membranes and find that the triangular lattice minimizes brane enthalpy.
Crossover in the two-impurity Kondo model induced by direct charge tunneling
Creators: name: Malecki, Justin
name: Sela, Eran
name: Affleck, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum critical behavior in the two-impurity Kondo model requires the distinct separation of two scales, T_K >> T*, where T_K is the Kondo temperature and T* is the scale at which the system renormalizes away from the quantum critical point to a stable Fermi liquid fixed point. We provide a derivation of T* based on the renormalization group to lowest order. This result is confirmed by a numerical renormalization group (NRG) analysis which supplements the analytic derivation with additional quantitative precision. The form of the low-energy Fermi liquid fixed point is derived and subsequently confirmed by the NRG. We discuss implications for series double quantum dot systems.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures; resubmitted Oct. 31, 2011 to include corrections discovered after original submission
Ultrafast transient increase of oxygen octahedral rotations in a perovskite
Creators: name: Porer, Michael
name: Fechner, M.
name: Kubli, M.
name: Neugebauer, M. J.
name: Parchenko, S.
name: Esposito, V.
name: Narayan, A.
name: Spaldin, N. A.
name: Huber, Rupert
name: Radovic, M.
name: Bothschafter, E. M.
name: Glownia, J. M.
name: Sato, T.
name: Song, S.
name: Johnson, S. L.
name: Staub, U.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We present femtosecond hard x-ray diffraction experiments that study the effect of photodoping on the perovskite EuTiO3. We observe an ultrafast transient increase of reflection intensities that are directly related to the antiferrodistortive rotation of the oxygen octahedra. This increase relates directly to an increase of the order parameter associated with a purely structural phase transition that is opposite to the behavior of increasing the materials temperature. First-principles calculations show that the creation of electron-hole pairs leads to changes in the vibrational potential that is consistent with an increase of the order parameter. The order parameter increase can be understood from an ultrafast charge-transfer-induced reduction of the Goldschmidt tolerance factor, which is a fundamental control parameter for the properties of perovskites.
Canonical subgroups via Breuil-Kisin modules
Creators: name: Hattori, Shin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let p>2 be a rational prime and K/Q_p be an extension of complete discrete valuation fields. Let G be a truncated Barsotti-Tate group of level n, height h and dimension d over O_K with 0
description: 24 pages; refereed version; results improved; The final publication is available at springerlink.com, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00209-012-1102-0
Photocatalytic carbanion generation from C–H bonds – Reductant free Barbier/Grignard-type reactions
Creators: name: Berger, Anna Lucia
name: Donabauer, Karsten
name: König, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Photocatalysis; Carbanions; HAT catalysis; Grignard reaction; Barbier reaction
subject: 540 Chemie

description: We report a redox‐neutral method for the generation of carbanions from benzylic C–H bonds in a photocatalytic Grignardtype reaction. The combination of photo‐ and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis enables the abstraction of a benzylic hydrogen atom, generating a radical intermediate. This radical is reduced in situ by the organic photocatalyst to a carbanion, which is able to react with electrophiles such as aldehydes or ketones, yielding homobenzylic secondary and tertiary alcohols.
Rezension: Gendelev: Stikhi. Proza. Poetika. Tekstologiia. Ed. Evgenii Soshkin and Sergei Shargorodskii. Moscow: Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie2017
Creators: name: Koller, Sabine
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 890 Literatur in anderen Sprachen

description: OA-Komponente aus Allianzlizenz
DISCRETE SYMMETRIES OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL DIRAC MODELS: A SELECTIVE REVIEW WITH A FOCUS ON CONDENSED-MATTER REALIZATIONS
Creators: name: Winkler, R.
name: Zülicke, U.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: relativistic quantum physics, reduced dimensionality, Dirac Hamiltonians, quasi-relativity in solids
subject: 530 Physik

description: The most fundamental characteristic of a physical system can often be deduced from its behaviour under discrete symmetry transformations, such as time reversal, parity and chirality. Here, we review some of the basic symmetry properties of the relativistic quantum theories for free electrons in (2 + 1)- and (1 + 1)-dimensional spacetime. Additional flavour degrees of freedom are necessary to properly define symmetry operations in (2 + 1) dimensions, and are generally present in physical realizations of such systems, for example in single sheets of graphite. We find that there exist two possibilities for defining any flavour-coupling discrete symmetry operation of the twoflavour (2 + 1)-dimensional Dirac theory. Some physical implications of this previously unnoticed duplicity are discussed.
description: OA-Komponente aus Allianzlizenz
Opportunities of telemedicine for orthopedics and trauma surgery
Creators: name: Nerlich, Michael
name: Herbst, Tanja
name: Ernstberger, Antonio
name: Blätzinger, Markus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Telemedicine, Teleradiology, eHealth, Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery, Patient Care, Patient Participation
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Today telemedicine, or eHealth, is an important tool in everyday medical life. In all areas, from the preclinical to aftercare, significant improvements in communication structures have been seen in various eHealth options, which have had significant, positive effects on the quality of patient care in orthopedics and trauma surgery. Initially, there were several isolated solutions and many small individual projects; however, there was a lack of interdisciplinary and comprehensive systems in all healthcare fields. The German Trauma Society (DGU) together with the AUC GmbH took the lead and paved the way for a modulated, comprehensive, interface-compatible teleradiology system. Nevertheless, there are still deficits across all sectors which, in the future, will need to be optimized by eHealth methods and systems. Overall, there is an effort towards patient-centered solutions (patient empowerment). In Germany, telemedicine has gradually gained acceptance in various sectors and is being used nationwide. Telemedicine has proven itself, especially in trauma networks.
Field theoretic formulation of a mode-coupling equation for colloids
Creators: name: Jacquin, Hugo
name: Van Wijland, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The only available quantitative description of the slowing down of the dynamics upon approaching the glass transition has been, so far, the mode-coupling theory, developed in the 80's by Götze and collaborators. The standard derivation of this theory does not result from a systematic expansion. We present a field theoretic formulation that arrives at very similar mode-coupling equation but which is based on a variational principle and on a controlled expansion in a small dimensioneless parameter. Our approach applies to such physical systems as colloids interacting via a mildly repulsive potential. It can in principle, with moderate efforts, be extended to higher orders and to multipoint correlation functions.
Prophylactic Application of Nebulized Liposomal Amphotericin B in Hematologic Patients with Neutropenia
Creators: name: Hullard-Pulstinger, Annette
name: Holler, Ernst
name: Hahn, Joachim
name: Andreesen, Reinhard
name: Krause, Stefan W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Amphotericin, Antifungal agents, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Neutropenia, Inhalation
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Pulmonary invasive fungal infections (IFI) are well-recognized complications with high morbiditiy and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies. Patients and Methods: Aerosolized liposomal amphotericin B (lipAmB) was evaluated as an antifungal prophylaxis in patients with an expected neutropenia of more than 10 days due to intensive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation, in a prospective phase II trial. Results: 98 treatment episodes were included in the study and compared to 105 historical control patients. Inhalation was performed between 0 and 103 days. No severe side effects of therapy occurred. 40 patients considered inhalations as unpleasant, 2 as very unpleasant, mostly due to bad taste or cough. Few cases of definite or probable IFI were recorded, whereas a large number of patients were treated with systemic antifungal therapy for pneumonia or fever of unknown origin without a significant difference between study patients and controls. In a predefined subgroup analysis of 48 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), significantly more patients survived for 1 year in the AmB prophylaxis than in the control group (80% vs. 54%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Inhalations of lipAmB are feasible and safe. Results in the subgroup of patients with AML together with data from other trials suggest further evaluation of effectiveness.
description: OA-Komponente aus Allianzlizenz
Reduction of Tinnitus Severity by the Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxant Cyclobenzaprine: An Open-Label Pilot Study
Creators: name: Coelho, Claudia
name: Figueiredo, Ricardo
name: Frank, Elmar
name: Burger, Julia
name: Schecklmann, Martin
name: Landgrebe, Michael
name: Langguth, Berthold
name: Belen Elgoyhen, Ana
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Tinnitus, Phantom perception, Somatosensory system, Muscle relaxants
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Tinnitus, the phantom perception of sounds, is a highly prevalent disorder. Although a wide variety of drugs have been investigated off label for the treatment of tinnitus, there is no approved pharmacotherapy. We report an open-label exploratory pilot study to assess the effect of muscle relaxants acting on the central nervous system on tinnitus patients. Cyclobenzaprine at high (30 mg) and low doses (10 mg), orphenadrine (100 mg), tizanidine (24 mg) and eperisone (50 mg) were administered to a maximum of 20 patients per group over a 12-week period. High-dose cyclobenzaprine resulted in a significant reduction in the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score between baseline and week 12 in the intention-to-treat sample. On the other hand, other treatments were not effective. These results were confirmed in an explorative analysis where baseline corrected THI and Clinical Global Impression scores at week 12 were compared between groups. The present open trial presents a new promising pharmacotherapy for tinnitus that should be validated in placebo-controlled double-blind trials.
description: OA-Komponente aus Allianzlizenz
Markov processes of infinitely many nonintersecting random walks
Creators: name: Borodin, Alexei
name: Gorin, Vadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consider an N-dimensional Markov chain obtained from N one-dimensional random walks by Doob h-transform with the q-Vandermonde determinant. We prove that as N becomes large, these Markov chains converge to an infinite-dimensional Feller Markov process. The dynamical correlation functions of the limit process are determinantal with an explicit correlation kernel. The key idea is to identify random point processes on Z with q-Gibbs measures on Gelfand-Tsetlin schemes and construct Markov processes on the latter space. Independently, we analyze the large time behavior of PushASEP with finitely many particles and particle-dependent jump rates (it arises as a marginal of our dynamics on Gelfand-Tsetlin schemes). The asymptotics is given by a product of a marginal of the GUE-minor process and geometric distributions.
description: 57 pages, v2: minor corrections, journal version; Probability Theory and Related Fields, 2012
Decoherence window and electron-nuclear cross-relaxation in the molecular magnet V 15
Creators: name: Shim, J. H.
name: Bertaina, S.
name: Gambarelli, S.
name: Mitra, T.
name: Müller, A.
name: Baibekov, E. I.
name: Malkin, B. Z.
name: Tsukerblat, B.
name: Barbara, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rabi oscillations in the V_15 Single Molecule Magnet (SMM) embedded in the surfactant DODA have been studied at different microwave powers. An intense damping peak is observed when the Rabi frequency Omega_R falls in the vicinity of the Larmor frequency of protons w_N, while the damping time t_R of oscillations reaches values 10 times shorter than the phase coherence time t_2 measured at the same temperature. The experiments are interpreted by the N-spin model showing that t_R is directly associated with the decoherence via electronic/nuclear spin cross-relaxation in the rotating reference frame. It is shown that this decoherence is accompanied with energy dissipation in the range of the Rabi frequencies w_N - sigma_e < Omega_R < w_N, where sigma_e is the mean super-hyperfine field (in frequency units) induced by protons at SMMs. Weaker damping without dissipation takes place outside this dissipation window. Simple local field estimations suggest that this rapid cross-relaxation in resonant microwave field observed for the first time in SMMV_15 should take place in other SMMs like Fe_8 and Mn_12 containing protons, too.
Low Risk of Clostridium difficile Infections in Hospitalized Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a German Tertiary Referral Center
Creators: name: Ott, Claudia
name: Girlich, Christiane
name: Klebl, Frank
name: Plentz, Annelie
name: Iesalnieks, Igor
name: Schölmerich, Jürgen
name: Obermeier, Florian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Clostridium difficile infection, Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, Ulcerative colitis, Immunosuppressive therapy
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Introduction: Many reports, mainly from the US and Canada but also a recent report from a center in Europe, have documented the increasing impact of Clostridium difficile infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during the last years. To determine the prevalence of C. difficile infections in hospitalized IBD patients in a tertiary referral center in Germany, we conducted this retrospective analysis. Methods: Data of all IBD in-patients treated due to an acute flare of their IBD at the Department of Internal Medicine I of the University of Regensburg between January 1, 2001, and June 30, 2008, were analyzed. In patients with a concomitant diagnosis of C. difficile infection, further variables such as IBD-related treatment at the time of infection or outcome were examined. Results: In total, 995 in-patients with IBD were treated in this hospital [638 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), 357 with ulcerative colitis (UC)] during the study period. Of these, 279 patients with CD and 242 patients with UC were admitted with an acute flare and suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain. Only 10 of those were diagnosed as having a concomitant infection with C. difficile. Six patients were female and the median age was 49 years (range: 15–80). Six patients with C. difficile infections suffered from UC and 4 patients from CD, all with previous colonic involvement. Eight patients used immunosuppressive therapies; only 2 patients were treated with antibiotics before infection. Conclusion: In contrast to recent reports from other countries, only a low percentage of hospitalized patients with acute flares of their IBD were identified as having an underlying C. difficile infection in this German tertiary referral center. However, in IBD patients with an acute flare, a concomitant C. difficile infection should be excluded, especially in patients with immunosuppressive treatment and colonic involvement of their disease. Further research is needed to evaluate if regions with different risks of C. difficile infections exist and to find out more about potential reasons for this observation.
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Superstitious perception in humans and convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Laflamme, Patrick
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The advent of complex Hierarchical Convolutional Neural Networks (HCNNs) has led to great progress in the field of computer vision, with modern implementations of HCNNs rivalling human performance in object recognition tasks. The design of HCNNs was inspired by current understanding of how the neurons of the human visual system are organized to support object recognition. There are researchers who claim that the computations undertaken by HCNNs are approximating those of the human visual system, because of their high accuracy in predicting the neural activity of regions of the brain involved in object classification (Cichy, Khosla, Pantazis, Torralba, & Oliva, 2016; Khaligh-Razavi & Kriegeskorte, 2014; Yamins et al., 2014). However, there has been little investigation of how HCNNs and humans compare on other tasks that HCNNs have not been trained on. Our study compared the similarity of one HCNN, AlexNet, and humans on a superstitious perception task that involves falsely recognizing a learned object in the absence of strong evidence for its presence. We began by validating a new technique that quantifies human performance on the superstitious perception task. The first phase of the research revealed that human behaviour in the task is dependent on whether participants employed an active or passive task strategy. Next, the responses of our HCNN to the same images were analyzed in a similar manner. The results showed that HCNNs behaved similarly to humans in some ways and differently in others. Specifically, the classification images generated for the HCNN were similar to those derived from human participants, but the HCNN was also more consistent in its responses than humans. A second finding was that the differences in human participants classification images (created by adopting active versus passive strategies) could not be accounted for by simply altering the proportion of false alarm responses in the HCNN. This suggests that HCNNs may be using criteria similar to humans’ perception when evaluating the likelihood of an object being present. The higher similarity between humans and HCNN in the passive condition suggests that the criteria similarities are largest when humans recruit minimal central executive resources in the decision-making process.
Inhibition of Collagen XVI Expression Reduces Glioma Cell Invasiveness
Creators: name: Bauer, Richard
name: Ratzinger, Sabine
name: Wales, Lynn
name: Bosserhoff, Anja
name: Senner, V.
name: Grifka, Joachim
name: Grässel, Susanne
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Collagen XVI, Glioblastoma, Invasion, Protocadherin, Integrin, Kindlin, Activation
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background/Aims: The effects of a 10% α-hydroxy acid (AHA) oil/water (O/W) emulsion on the pH of human skin surface (pHss) and stratum corneum (SC; pHsc) were evaluated in vivo. Methods: The AHA O/W emulsion was applied to an area on the volar forearm of male volunteers (n = 12), and then wiped off after 10 min. Prior to application and over the following 3 h, the pHss was measured. We used glass electrode measurements and time domain dual lifetime referencing (tdDLR) with luminescent sensor foils. In another experiment (n = 5), the impact of the AHA O/W emulsion on the pHsc gradient was measured by tape stripping of the SC of the volar forearm after application of the AHA O/W emulsion. Results: Compared with pHss values prior to treatment [5.2 ± 1.7 (tdDLR) or 4.8 ± 0.5 (electrode)], the pHss was significantly reduced 10 min after application [4.0 ± 0.3 (tdDLR) or 4.1 ± 0.1 (electrode)] and the pHss remained significantly reduced over the measurement period of 3 h [after 3 h: 4.4 ± 0.2 (tdDLR) or 4.5 ± 0.3 (electrode)]. The AHA O/W emulsion significantly reduced the pHsc even down to deep layers of the SC. Conclusion: After a 10-min application time, the 10% AHA O/W emulsion reduces the pHss (for at least 3 h) and pHsc in deep layers of the SC.
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Predictors of Successful Decannulation Using a Tracheostomy Retainer in Patients with Prolonged Weaning and Persisting Respiratory Failure
Creators: name: Budweiser, Stephan
name: Baur, Tobias
name: Jörres, Rudolf A.
name: Kollert, F.
name: Pfeifer, Michael
name: Heinemann, F.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Prolonged weaning, Chronic respiratory failure, Tracheostomy, Noninvasive ventilation
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: For percutaneously tracheostomized patients with prolonged weaning and persisting respiratory failure, the adequate time point for safe decannulation and switch to noninvasive ventilation is an important clinical issue. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a tracheostomy retainer (TR) and the predictors of successful decannulation. Methods: We studied 166 of 384 patients with prolonged weaning in whom a TR was inserted into a tracheostoma. Patients were analyzed with regard to successful decannulation and characterized by blood gas values, the duration of previous spontaneous breathing, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) and laboratory parameters. Results: In 47 patients (28.3%) recannulation was necessary, mostly due to respiratory decompensation and aspiration. Overall, 80.6% of the patients could be liberated from a tracheostomy with the help of a TR. The need for recannulation was associated with a shorter duration of spontaneous breathing within the last 24/48 h (p < 0.01 each), lower arterial oxygen tension (p = 0.025), greater age (p = 0.025), and a higher creatinine level (p = 0.003) and SAPS (p < 0.001). The risk for recannulation was 9.5% when patients breathed spontaneously for 19–24 h within the 24 h prior to decannulation, but 75.0% when patients breathed for only 0–6 h without ventilatory support (p < 0.001). According to ROC analysis, the SAPS best predicted successful decannulation [AUC 0.725 (95% CI: 0.634–0.815), p < 0.001]. Recannulated patients had longer durations of intubation (p = 0.046), tracheostomy (p = 0.003) and hospital stay (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In percutaneously tracheostomized patients with prolonged weaning, the use of a TR seems to facilitate and improve the weaning process considerably. The duration of spontaneous breathing prior to decannulation, age and oxygenation describe the risk for recannulation in these patients.
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Detection of an ultra-bright submillimeter galaxy in the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field using AzTEC/ASTE
Creators: name: Ikarashi, S.
name: Kohno, K.
name: Aguirre, J. E.
name: Aretxaga, I.
name: Arumugam, V.
name: Austermann, J. E.
name: Bock, J. J.
name: Bradford, C. M.
name: Cirasuolo, M.
name: Earle, L.
name: Ezawa, H.
name: Furusawa, H.
name: Furusawa, J.
name: Glenn, J.
name: Hatsukade, B.
name: Hughes, D. H.
name: Iono, D.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Johnson, S.
name: Kamenetzky, J.
name: Kawabe, R.
name: Lupu, R.
name: Maloney, P.
name: Matsuhara, H.
name: Mauskopf, P. D.
name: Motohara, K.
name: Murphy, E. J.
name: Nakajima, K.
name: Nakanishi, K.
name: Naylor, B. J.
name: Nguyen, H. T.
name: Perera, T. A.
name: Scott, K. S.
name: Shimasaku, K.
name: Takagi, T.
name: Takata, T.
name: Tamura, Y.
name: Tanaka, K.
name: Tsukagoshi, T.
name: Wilner, D. J.
name: Wilson, G. W.
name: Yun, M. S.
name: Zmuidzinas, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of an extremely bright ($\sim$37 mJy at 1100 $μ$m and $\sim$91 mJy at 880 $μ$m) submillimeter galaxy (SMG), AzTEC-ASTE-SXDF1100.001 (hereafter referred to as SXDF1100.001 or Orochi), discovered in 1100 $μ$m observations of the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field using AzTEC on ASTE. Subsequent CARMA 1300 $μ$m and SMA 880 $μ$m observations successfully pinpoint the location of Orochi and suggest that it has two components, one extended (FWHM of $\sim$ 4$^{\prime\prime}$) and one compact (unresolved). Z-Spec on CSO has also been used to obtain a wide band spectrum from 190 to 308 GHz, although no significant emission/absorption lines are found. The derived upper limit to the line-to-continuum flux ratio is 0.1--0.3 (2 $σ$) across the Z-Spec band. Based on the analysis of the derived spectral energy distribution from optical to radio wavelengths of possible counterparts near the SMA/CARMA peak position, we suggest that Orochi is a lensed, optically dark SMG lying at $z \sim 3.4$ behind a foreground, optically visible (but red) galaxy at $z \sim 1.4$. The deduced apparent (i.e., no correction for magnification) infrared luminosity ($L_{\rm IR}$) and star formation rate (SFR) are $6 \times 10^{13}$ $L_{\odot}$ and 11000 $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, respectively, assuming that the $L_{\rm IR}$ is dominated by star formation. These values suggest that Orochi will consume its gas reservoir within a short time scale ($3 \times 10^{7}$ yr), which is indeed comparable to those in extreme starbursts like the centres of local ULIRGs.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
Eikonal analysis of linearized quantum gravity : a functional approach
Creators: name: DeLisle, Colby L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The low energy effective theory of quantized gravity is currently our most successful attempt at unifying general relativity and quantum mechanics. It is expected to serve as the universal low energy limit of any future microscopic theory of quantum gravitation, so it is crucial to properly understand its low frequency, long wavelength, "infrared" limit. However, this effective theory suffers from the same kind of infrared divergences as theories like quantum electrodynamics. It is the aim of this work to characterize these divergences and isolate the infrared behavior of quantum gravity using functional methods. We begin with a review of infrared divergences, and how they are treated in QED. This includes a brief overview of the known applications of functional methods to the problem. We then discuss the construction of the effective field theory of quantum gravity in the linearized limit, coupled to scalar matter. Proceeding to the main body of the work, we employ functional techniques to derive the form of the scalar propagator after soft graviton radiation is integrated out. An eikonal form for the generating functional of the theory is then presented. In the final chapter, we use this generating functional to derive the soft graviton theorem and the eikonal form of the two-body scalar scattering amplitude. The result is a concise derivation of multiple known results, as well as a demonstration of the factorization of soft graviton radiation against the eikonal amplitude. We conclude with some comments on how these results can be extended, and we argue that the functional framework is the best candidate for a unified understanding of all relevant infrared features of quantum gravity.
Impact of Age and Body Site on Adult Female Skin Surface pH
Creators: name: Schreml, Stephan
name: Zeller, Veronika
name: Meier, Robert Johannes
name: Korting, H. C.
name: Behm, Barbara
name: Landthaler, Michael
name: Babilas, Philipp
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Skin care, Aging, Anti-aging, Cosmetics, Epidermal barrier
subject: 540 Chemie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: pH is known as an important parameter in epidermal barrier function and homeostasis. Aim: The impact of age and body site on skin surface pH (pHSS) of women was evaluated in vivo. Methods: Time domain dual lifetime referencing with luminescent sensor foils was used for pHSS measurements. pHSS was measured on the forehead, the temple, and the volar forearm of adult females (n = 97, 52.87 ± 18.58 years, 20–97 years). Every single measurement contained 2,500 pH values due to the luminescence imaging technique used. Results: pHSS slightly increases with age on all three investigated body sites. There are no significant differences in pHSS between the three investigated body sites. Conclusion: Adult pHSS on the forehead, the temple and the volar forearm increases slightly with age. This knowledge is crucial for adapting medical skin care products.
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