cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
US military bases, quasi-bases, and domestic politics in Latin America
Creators: name: Bitar, Sebastian
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This dissertation explores the obstacles for US formal military bases in Latin America. While in the past, the United States managed to establish bases in several countries in the region, despite Washington's efforts every negotiation to open new bases has failed since 2000, and older bases have been terminated, as in the case of Ecuador. Using evidence from Ecuador, Colombia, El Salvador, and other countries in the region, the dissertation finds that shifts in government preferences do not explain this failure. Instead, domestic challenges to host governments in Latin America systematically appear as blocking mechanisms that impede the establishment of foreign military bases, even when leaders support them.The dissertation builds on the work of Alexander Cooley and others and develops a model of base politics to explain how domestic political calculations affect foreign basing negotiations. Furthermore, the dissertation finds that when formal bases have not succeeded, interested governments have worked around domestic constrains to establish alternative and informal arrangements that allow US military presence and operations in their countries. These alternative arrangements, or quasi-bases, have advanced US security interests in Latin America even in the absence of formal base leases, while at the same time their secrecy and informality protects Latin American leaders from domestic contestation.
The Exact Evolution Equation of the Curvature Perturbation for Closed Universe
Creators: name: Zhang, De-Hai
name: Sun, Cheng-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As is well known, the exact evolution equation of the curvature perturbation plays a very important role in investigation of the inflation power spectrum of the flat universe. However, its corresponding exact extension for the non-flat universes has not yet been given out clearly. The interest in the non-flat, specially closed, universes is being aroused recently. The need of this extension is pressing. We start with most elementary physical consideration and obtain finally this exact evolution equation of the curvature perturbation for the non-flat universes, as well as the evolutionary controlling parameter and the exact expression of the variable mass in this equation. We approximately do a primitive and immature analysis on the power spectrum of non-flat universes. This analysis shows that this exact evolution equation of the curvature perturbation for the non-flat universes is very complicated, and we need to do a lot of numerical and analytic work for this new equation in future in order to judge whether the universe is flat or closed by comparison between theories and observations.
description: 10 pages, no figures, Latex
Exploring tradeoffs in pleiotropy and redundancy using evolutionary computing
Creators: name: Berryman, Matthew J.
name: Khoo, Wei-Li
name: Nguyen, Hiep
name: O'Neill, Erin
name: Allison, Andrew
name: Abbott, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.1.6; C.2.1

description: Evolutionary computation algorithms are increasingly being used to solve optimization problems as they have many advantages over traditional optimization algorithms. In this paper we use evolutionary computation to study the trade-off between pleiotropy and redundancy in a client-server based network. Pleiotropy is a term used to describe components that perform multiple tasks, while redundancy refers to multiple components performing one same task. Pleiotropy reduces cost but lacks robustness, while redundancy increases network reliability but is more costly, as together, pleiotropy and redundancy build flexibility and robustness into systems. Therefore it is desirable to have a network that contains a balance between pleiotropy and redundancy. We explore how factors such as link failure probability, repair rates, and the size of the network influence the design choices that we explore using genetic algorithms.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Eye drops and eye gels of levofloxacin: comparison of ocular absorption characterizations and therapeutic effects in the treatment of bacterial keratitis in rabbits
Creators: name: Guigang Li
name: Lingjuan Xu
name: Menglin Jiang
name: Xianggen Wu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The aim was to reveal the characteristic profiles of the marketed levofloxacin eye drops (5 mg/ml) and levofloxacin eye gel (3 mg/g) from the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics views of rabbits’ eyes. A mild and a heavy bacterial keratitis models in rabbits were established. Different regimens of levofloxacin eye drops and eye gel, including phosphate buffer solution (the PBS group), the 4-Sol + 1-Gel group (rabbits were treated with 4 doses of levofloxacin eye drops and 1 dose levofloxacin eye gel per day), the 3-Sol + 1-Gel group (3 doses drops and 1 dose gel), the 4-Sol group (4 doses drops), the 4-Gel group (4 doses gel), the 3-Sol group (3 doses drops), and the 3-Gel group (3 doses gel), were applied to evaluate their efficacies. The ocular pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin eye drops and gel were also investigated. The results of mild infection groups showed that all treatment regimens significantly relieved the infection symptoms, and the treatment effect followed this order: 4-Gel > 4-Sol + 1-Gel > 3-Sol + 1-Gel > 4-Sol > 3-Gel > 3-Sol. In the heavy infection groups, all the treatment regimens significantly relieved the infection symptoms, and the treatment effect also followed the order with the mild infection results. All treatment regimens lowered the number of corneal colony forming units (CFU). Levofloxacin eye gel significantly increased intraocular penetration in rabbits’ eyes. It can be concluded that the levofloxacin eye gel was more effective in treating bacterial keratitis than the levofloxacin eye drops in rabbit keratitis model with a proper treatment regimen such as 4-Gel.
Evarcha laetabunda
Creators: name: Isaia, Marco
name: Paschetta, Mauro
name: Chiarle, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Evarcha
Evarcha laetabunda

description: Evarcha laetabunda (C. L. Koch, 1846)
NEW DATA. — Valdieri: Desertetto, grassland, 1088-1885 m, 14.IX.2011, 1♀.
CHOROTYPE. — PAL.
MACROHABITAT. — Alpine grasslands.
NOTES. — New record for the study area.
description: Published as part of Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro & Chiarle, Alberto, 2015, Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation " Alpi Marittime " (NW Italy), pp. 57-114 in Zoosystema 37 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.5252/z2015n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4577680
Definition and measurement of the local density of electromagnetic states close to an interface
Creators: name: Joulain, K.
name: Carminati, R.
name: Mulet, J. -P
name: Greffet, J. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose in this article an unambiguous definition of the local density of electromagnetic states (LDOS) in a vacuum near an interface in an equilibrium situation at temperature $T$. We show that the LDOS depends only on the electric field Green function of the system but does not reduce in general to the trace of its imaginary part as often used in the literature. We illustrate this result by a study of the LDOS variations with the distance to an interface and point out deviations from the standard definition. We show nevertheless that this definition remains correct at frequencies close to the material resonances such as surface polaritons. We also study the feasability of detecting such a LDOS with apetureless SNOM techniques. We first show that a thermal near-field emission spectrum above a sample should be detectable and that this measurement could give access to the electromagnetic LDOS. It is further shown that the apertureless SNOM is the optical analog of the scanning tunneling microscope which is known to detect the electronic LDOS. We also discuss some recent SNOM experiments aimed at detecting the electromagnetic LDOS.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures Submitted to Phys. Rev. B. July 7 2003, accepted September 11 2003
SYMPATHETIC MAGICAL THINKING IN DECISION MAKING: DIFFERENCES FOR ANIMATE AND INANIMATE DECISION TARGETS
Creators: name: Bower, Lennea R.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Sympathetic magical thinking is a decision-making heuristic. The two most commonly studied versions are similarity ("appearance equals reality") and contagion ("once in contact, always in contact"). Several studies on contagion have shown that individuals will change their opinion about an object or food item if they believe it has come into contact with an undesirable person (e.g., a murderer) or disgusting thing (e.g., a sterilized, dead cockroach). The experiments described in this paper looked at the potential for a "pity effect," empathy with the target, counteracting magical thinking in regards to decision making about animate targets. In both experiments, there were lower selection rates and lower likeability ratings for targets (children, dogs or objects) that were presented with negative information about a parent or owner. However, although the contagion effect was extended to animate targets in both experiments, it was weaker for animate targets than for inanimate targets in Experiment 2. Further, expertise with animal shelters also moderated the strength of magical thinking in judgments about dogs. Results are discussed within the framework of the magical thinking heuristic in decision making and research on prosocial behavior and empathy.
Reproductive isolation in a contact zone between divergent forms of winter wren (Troglodytes troglodytes)
Creators: name: Toews, David P. L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Geographic variation in vocalizations and genetics of winter wrens (Troglodytes troglodytes) in North America have led to speculation that the eastern (Troglodytes troglodytes hiemalis) and western (T. t. pacificus) subspecies are in fact distinct biological species. To determine whether two regional forms are separate species it is crucial to gather data from an area of overlap between the groups, if such an area exists. To address whether these forms are reproductively isolated, I quantified song characteristics and two types of molecular markers, mitochondrial (ND2) and nuclear (amplified fragment length polymorphisms), in individuals in a recently described overlap area and compared them to those individuals from further east and west. In this overlap area, near Tumbler Ridge, BC, both forms can be found inhabiting neighboring territories and each male wren sings either an eastern or western song, with the differences between these types of song being as distinct as they are in allopatry. The two taxa differ distinctly in mitochondrial DNA and in every case singing type perfectly predicts mitochondrial DNA clade, strongly supporting the hypothesis that the two forms are reproductively isolated where they co-occur and are therefore separate species. Analysis of multilocus nuclear markers supports this result, with only one first generation hybrid individual identified and no evidence of genetic introgression. A n estimate of the initial split between these two species, based on mitochondrial DNA sequence variation, dates to just prior to the Pleistocene, roughly 2.3 million years ago. It is therefore suggested that T.t. pacificus and related western taxa be elevated Troglodytes pacificus with the common name "Pacific wren". I speculate that behavioural isolation due to song evolution is likely an important premating barrier to gene flow in this system. These findings raise the possibility that there are other such morphologically cryptic species pairs in North America.
Type I ULIRGs: Transition Stage from ULIRGs to QSOs
Creators: name: Kawakatu, Nozomu
name: Anabuki, Naohisa
name: Nagao, Tohru
name: Umemura, Masayuki
name: Nakagawa, Takao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine whether the ultraluminous infrared galaxies that contain a type I Seyfert nucleus (a type I ULIRG) are in the transition stage from ULIRGs to quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). To inspect this issue, we compare the black hole (BH) mass, the bulge luminosity and the far infrared luminosity among type I ULIRGs, QSOs and elliptical galaxies. As a result, we find the following results; (1) The type I ULIRGs have systematically smaller BH masses in spite of the comparable bulge luminosity relative to QSOs and elliptical galaxies. (2) The far-infrared luminosity of most type I ULIRGs is larger than the Eddington luminosity. We show that above results do not change significantly for 3 type I ULIRGs that we can estimate the visual extinction from the column density. Also, for all 8 type I ULIRGs, we investigate the effect of uncertainties of BH mass measurments and our sample bias, so that it turns out that our results do not alter even if we consider above two effects. In addition, Anabuki (2004) revealed that their X-ray properties are similar to those of the narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies. These would indicate that active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with a high mass accretion rate exist in the type I ULIRGs. Based on all of these findings, we conclude that it would be a natural interpretation that type I ULIRGs are the early phase of BH growth, namely the missing link between ULIRGs and QSOs. Moreover, by comparing our results with a theoretical model of a coevolution scenario of a QSO BH and a galactic bulge, we show clearly that this explanation would be valid.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables accepted for publication in ApJ
Neutron Matter: A Superfluid Gas
Creators: name: Chang, S. Y.
name: Morales,, J.
name: Pandharipande, V. R.
name: Ravenhall, D. G.
name: Carlson, J.
name: Pieper, Steven C.
name: Wiringa, R. B.
name: Schmidt, K. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent progress in the theory of neutron matter with particular emphasis on its superfluid properties. Results of quantum Monte Carlo calculations of simple and realistic models of uniform superfluid neutron gas are discussed along with those of neutrons interacting in a potential well chosen to approximate neutron-rich oxygen isotopes. The properties of dilute superfluid Fermi gases that may be produced in atom traps, and their relations with neutron matter, are illustrated. The density dependence of the effective interaction between neutrons, used to describe neutron-rich systems with the mean field approximations, is also discussed.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Cadomian and Variscan metamorphic events in the Léon Domain (Armorican Massif) resolved by trace element analysis in monazite and garnet
Creators: name: Schulz, Bernhard
name: Krenn, Erwin
name: Finger, Fritz
name: Brätz, Helene
name: Klemd, Reiner
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Göttingen
Year: 2006

description: The question, whether crustal domains are allochthonous terranes or not is crucial for plate tectonic models of the Ibero-Armorican segment of the Variscan belt. The Léon Domain in the Armorican Massif appears as a displaced crustal block as it bears a resemblance to the South Armorican Domain of the internal Variscan belt (Le Corre et al. 1989). In the central part of the Léon, the amphibolite-facies Conquet- Penze Micaschist Unit (CPMU) overlies the high-grade Lesneven Gneiss Unit (LGU). At the base of the LGU, a high-pressure stage at 700°C/>13 kbar, recorded by garnet-clinopyroxene assemblages in eclogites was followed by a high-temperature event at 800°C/8 kbar with garnet and cordierite in aluminous paragneisses. Maximal temperatures in the upper parts of the LGU were 630°C/6 kbar. In the micaschists of the Conquet-Penze Unit, microstructures indicate a crystallization of garnet and then staurolite during the development of S1 and S2 foliations. Zoned garnet in assemblages with staurolite recorded prograde P–T paths from 490– 610°C at 5–8 kbar in the upper and at 6– 9 kbar in the lower parts of the CPMU. The foliation S2 was overprinted by shear bands with a top-to- SW directed normal sense of shear, corresponding to a dextral strike-slip movement (Balé & Brun 1986). A younger population of monazite with variable Y contents displays Variscan Th-U-Pb ages (EMP dating method) between 340 and 300Ma. In contrast, an older population of Cadomian monazite at 552–517Ma is uniformly rich in Y and was observed in samples with only few or even no garnet. As the 330–340Ma Saint Renan- Kersaint granite postdates the foliations S1 and S2 with peak metamorphic assemblages one can conclude that 340–300Ma Variscan monazites should postdate garnet crystallization.
description: conference
Three-alpha-cluster structure of the 0^+ states in ^{12}C and the effective alpha-alpha interactions
Creators: name: Fedotov, S. I.
name: Kartavtsev, O. I.
name: Kochkin, V. I.
name: Malykh, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $0^{+}$ states of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ are considered within the framework of the microscopic three-$α$-cluster model. The main attention is paid to accurate calculation of the width of the extremely narrow near-threshold $0^+_2$ state which plays a key role in stellar nucleosynthesis. It is shown that the $0^{+}_2$-state decays by means of the sequential mechanism ${^{12}\mathrm{C}} \to α+{^8\mathrm{Be}} \to 3α$. Calculations are performed for a number of effective $α- α$ potentials which are chosen to reproduce both energy and width of $^8\mathrm{Be}$. The parameters of the additional three-body potential are chosen to fix both the ground and excited state energies at the experimental values. The dependence of the width on the parameters of the effective $α- α$ potential is studied in order to impose restrictions on the potentials.
Consumers' Stake in Food and Agricultural Policies
Creators: name: Kinsey, Jean
name: Kinsey, Jean
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Consumer/Household Economics

description: Beyond the traditional concerns about an abundant, nutritious, and safe supply of food, consumers are impacted economically by food and agricultural policies. Although the real price of food has fallen, tax costs have risen. How various policies affect food prices and taxes is illus­trated; costs of current policies are projected.
Heliophanus flavipes
Creators: name: Isaia, Marco
name: Paschetta, Mauro
name: Chiarle, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Heliophanus
Heliophanus flavipes

description: Heliophanus flavipes (Hahn, 1832)
NEW DATA. — Entracque: Tetti Violin, banks of a small stream with bushes, 900-1100 m, 15.V.2012, 1♀ (collected within the PIT Summer School 2011).
CHOROTYPE. — PAL.
MACROHABITAT. — Riparian habitats.
NOTES. — New record for the study area.
description: Published as part of Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro & Chiarle, Alberto, 2015, Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation " Alpi Marittime " (NW Italy), pp. 57-114 in Zoosystema 37 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.5252/z2015n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4577680
Ekspozycja gospodarstw rolnych na ryzyko pogodowe a skłonność rolników do uczestnictwa w systemie ubezpieczeń rolnych
EXPOSITION OF FARMS TO WEATHER RISK AND FARMERS’ TENDENCY TO PARTICIPATE IN THE SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCES
Creators: name: Kurdyś-Kujawska, Agnieszka
name: Kurdyś-Kujawska, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: ryzyko pogodowe
subject: ekspozycja na ryzyko
subject: ubezpieczenia rolne

description: The purpose of the article was an assessment of the tendency on the part of farmers to participate in the system of agricultural insurances in relation to the degree of the farms’ exposition to specified weather risk. On the first stage of the research, the perception of risk by farmers from the Middle Pomeranian region was identified. On the second stage, connections between the level of farms’ exposition to specified weather risk and possession of an insurance policy was indicated and the strength of this connection was determined. Empirical data was used in the study that was obtained in the course of questionnaire surveys carried out on a group of farmers from the region of the Middle Pomerania. In order to examine the strength of connections between the level of exposition of a farm to specified weather risk and the farmers’ tendency to purchase insurance policies, the Cramer’s statistic relationship intensity measure based on chi-squarestatistics was used. Statistically significant influence of risks was proved, i.e. hailstones, drought, fire, excessive atmospheric precipitations, torrential rains, spring slight frosts and negative effects of wintering on decisions taken by farmers related to the purchase of insurance policies.
SYMPATHETIC MAGICAL THINKING IN DECISION MAKING: DIFFERENCES FOR ANIMATE AND INANIMATE DECISION TARGETS
Creators: name: Bower, Lennea R.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Sympathetic magical thinking is a decision-making heuristic. The two most commonly studied versions are similarity ("appearance equals reality") and contagion ("once in contact, always in contact"). Several studies on contagion have shown that individuals will change their opinion about an object or food item if they believe it has come into contact with an undesirable person (e.g., a murderer) or disgusting thing (e.g., a sterilized, dead cockroach). The experiments described in this paper looked at the potential for a "pity effect," empathy with the target, counteracting magical thinking in regards to decision making about animate targets. In both experiments, there were lower selection rates and lower likeability ratings for targets (children, dogs or objects) that were presented with negative information about a parent or owner. However, although the contagion effect was extended to animate targets in both experiments, it was weaker for animate targets than for inanimate targets in Experiment 2. Further, expertise with animal shelters also moderated the strength of magical thinking in judgments about dogs. Results are discussed within the framework of the magical thinking heuristic in decision making and research on prosocial behavior and empathy.
Market competition and concentration in the global market of apple juice concentrate concerning Hungary, Poland and China
KONCENTRACJA I KONKURENCJA NA GLOBALNYM RYNKU KONCENTRATU JABŁKOWEGO W ODNIESIENIU DO WĘGIER, POLSKI I CHIN
Creators: name: Kurmai, Viktória
name: Kurmai, Viktória
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: competition
subject: concentration
subject: apple jouce concentrate
subject: Hungary
subject: Poland
subject: China

description: This study examined the market competition and concentration in the global market of apple juice concentrate. To determine comparative advantages, RCA index was used. Among the three studied countries, China is the most competitive, Hungary is in the second place, and Poland has the lowest relative competitiveness. To determine market concentration, Herfindahl-Hirschman-index was applied. Based on it – excluding the high Chinese market share between 2006 and 2010 – the global market of apple juice concentrate can be considered as a market with moderate concentration. Based on the secondary research the study has a detailed examination of cause and effect relationships behind the RCA and HHI index results.
The States of Small Individual Donors
Creators: name: Brusoe, Peter William
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Pundits and politicians portray small donors, those giving less than $200, as being qualitatively different from large donors. Commonly held beliefs tell us that small donors should show greater descriptive diversity and look more like the average American population. Studies of these donors were impossible because the federal government has set the disclosure threshold at the $200 level to make it impossible to study small donors. This dissertation makes use of state-level campaign finance data to describe who these donors are. This dissertation is descriptive and does not attempt to explain why they choose to give. By taking the basic data provided by the National Institute for Money in State Politics and providing a number of enhancements to the dataset scholars can better study small donors. This dissertation studies small donors along a number of dimensions including composition of gender, race, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. The second part of the dissertation compares small donor funded candidates to candidates primarily financed by large donors.
From Stellar Coronæ to Gyrochronology: a theoretical and observational exploration
Creators: name: Ahuir, Jérémy
name: Brun, Allan-Sacha
name: Strugarek, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Stellar spin-down is the result of a complex process involving rotation, dynamo, wind and magnetism. Multi-wavelength surveys of solar-like stars have revealed the likely existence of relationships between their rotation, X-ray luminosity, mass-losses and magnetism. Those impose strong constraints on the corona and wind of cool stars. Aims. We aim to provide power-law prescriptions of the mass-loss of stars, of their magnetic field, and of their base coronal density and temperature that are compatible with their observationally-constrained spin-down. Methods. We link the magnetic field and the mass-loss rate from a wind torque formulation in agreement with the distribution of stellar rotation periods in open clusters and the Skumanich law. Given a wind model and an expression of the X-ray luminosity from radiative losses, we constrain the coronal properties by assuming different physical scenarii linking closed loops to coronal holes. Results. We find that the magnetic field and the mass loss are involved in a one-to-one correspondence constrained from spin-down considerations. We show that a magnetic field depending on both the Rossby number and the stellar mass is required to keep a consistent spin-down model. The estimates of the magnetic field and the mass-loss rate obtained from our formalism are consistent with statistical studies as well as individual observations and give new leads to constrain the magnetic field-rotation relation. The set of scaling-laws we derived can be broadly applied to cool stars from the PMS to the end of the MS, and allow for a stellar wind modelling consistent with all the observational constraints available to date.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Challenges for Precision Cosmology with X-ray and Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect Gas Mass Measurements of Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Hallman, Eric J.
name: Motl, Patrick M.
name: Burns, Jack O.
name: Norman, Michael L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We critically analyze the measurement of galaxy cluster gas masses, which is central to cosmological studies that rely on the galaxy cluster gas mass fraction. Using synthetic observations of numerically simulated clusters viewed through their X-ray emission and thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZE), we reduce the observations to obtain measurements of the cluster gas mass. We are thus able to quantify the possible sources of uncertainty and systematic bias associated with the common simplifying assumptions used in reducing real cluster observations including isothermality and hydrostatic equilibrium. We find that intrinsic variations in clusters limit the precision of observational gas mass estimation to ~10% to 1 sigma confidence excluding instrumental effects. Gas mass estimates performed via all methods surprisingly show little or no trending in the scatter as a function of cluster redshift. For the full cluster sample, methods that use SZE profiles out to roughly the virial radius are the simplest, most accurate, and unbiased way to estimate cluster mass. X-ray methods are systematically more precise mass estimators than are SZE methods if merger and cool core systems are removed, but X-ray methods slightly overestimate (5-10%) the cluster gas mass on average. We find that cool core clusters in our samples are particularly poor candidates for observational mass estimation, even when excluding emission from the core region. The effects of cooling in the cluster gas alter the radial profile of the X-ray and SZE surface brightness outside the cool core region, leading to poor gas mass estimates in cool core clusters. Finally, we find that methods using a universal temperature profile estimate cluster masses to higher precision than those assuming isothermality.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures, Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal major changes made during refereeing
The States of Small Individual Donors
Creators: name: Brusoe, Peter William
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Pundits and politicians portray small donors, those giving less than $200, as being qualitatively different from large donors. Commonly held beliefs tell us that small donors should show greater descriptive diversity and look more like the average American population. Studies of these donors were impossible because the federal government has set the disclosure threshold at the $200 level to make it impossible to study small donors. This dissertation makes use of state-level campaign finance data to describe who these donors are. This dissertation is descriptive and does not attempt to explain why they choose to give. By taking the basic data provided by the National Institute for Money in State Politics and providing a number of enhancements to the dataset scholars can better study small donors. This dissertation studies small donors along a number of dimensions including composition of gender, race, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. The second part of the dissertation compares small donor funded candidates to candidates primarily financed by large donors.
MUD LAKE: A LATTER-DAY MEMOIR
Creators: name: Christensen, K. Tyler
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: MUD LAKE: A LATTER-DAY MEMOIR, is a original work of nonfiction that chronicles K. Tyler Christensen's journey toward reconciling his sexuality with his Mormon heritage. At seven years old his father announced the families move to Mud Lake, Idaho, a farming community resting in a southeastern basin. Christensen writes, "In Mud Lake my difference was clearer to others than it was to me." Christensen weaves hair and sex into a narrative that is as much about his own identity as Mud Lake's. At nine Christensen began to lose his hair, and then altogether at sixteen, to an autoimmune skin disease called, Alopecia. Christensen's resilience sees him into adulthood, and in a new setting, Salt Lake City, Utah, the place where the book ends. The parallel narrative excerpted from Christensen's own adolescent journals is crucial to the deeper message of the memoir: forgiveness and love are the inlets of reconciliation.
Threshold corrections in bottom and charm quark hadroproduction at next-to-next-to-leading order
Creators: name: Kidonakis, Nikolaos
name: Vogt, Ramona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate threshold soft-gluon corrections to total cross sections and transverse momentum distributions for bottom and charm quark production in fixed-target experiments, considering both pp and pi- p interactions. We investigate the quality of the near threshold soft-gluon approximation at next-to-leading order (NLO) and calculate next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) corrections through next-to-next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic (NNNLL) accuracy, including some virtual terms. We find that the NNLO threshold corrections reduce the factorization and renormalization scale dependence of the cross sections.
description: 32 pages, 22 figures
MUD LAKE: A LATTER-DAY MEMOIR
Creators: name: Christensen, K. Tyler
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 36
subject: Creative arts and writing
classificationCode: 3602
subject: Creative and professional writing

description: MUD LAKE: A LATTER-DAY MEMOIR, is a original work of nonfiction that chronicles K. Tyler Christensen's journey toward reconciling his sexuality with his Mormon heritage. At seven years old his father announced the families move to Mud Lake, Idaho, a farming community resting in a southeastern basin. Christensen writes, "In Mud Lake my difference was clearer to others than it was to me." Christensen weaves hair and sex into a narrative that is as much about his own identity as Mud Lake's. At nine Christensen began to lose his hair, and then altogether at sixteen, to an autoimmune skin disease called, Alopecia. Christensen's resilience sees him into adulthood, and in a new setting, Salt Lake City, Utah, the place where the book ends. The parallel narrative excerpted from Christensen's own adolescent journals is crucial to the deeper message of the memoir: forgiveness and love are the inlets of reconciliation.
Pinus cembra (Zirbelkiefer, Arve) aus dem Diluvium des Oberrheingebietes
Creators: name: Fietz, Alois
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1953

description: Unter den im Diluvium von Jockgrim gesammelten Holzproben wurde auch Pinus cembra festgestellt. Es ist dies der erste Fund aus dem Diluvium des Oberrheingebietes und wahrscheinlich einer der ältesten Diluvialfunde von P. cembra überhaupt. Die Pflanze dürfte, da ihr Holz in einer alt diluvialen Lagerstätte gefunden wurde, vielleicht schon im Günz-Mindel-Interglazial gelebt haben.
description: research
Das Elbe—Urstromtal im Bereich der Deutschen Bucht (Nordsee)
Creators: name: Figge, Klaus
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1980

description: Mit Hilfe sedimentechographischer Messungen wurde in der Deutschen Bucht nordwestlich von Helgoland unter dem Holozän eine breite Rinne nachgewiesen, die die nördliche Fortsetzung von Elbe- und Weser-Urstromtal ist. Die Rinnensohle fällt im Untersuchungsgebiet nach NW von SKN —38 m auf SKN —56 m ab, die Holozänbedeckung nimmt in gleicher Richtung von 4,5 auf 16 m zu. Das Tal wird von einer 3,5 m bis 10 m höher gelegenen Terrasse begleitet.
description: research
Correspondences and Quantum Description of Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher Effects
Creators: name: Lee, Minchul
name: Choi, M. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish systematic consolidation of the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects including their scalar counterparts. Their formal correspondences in acquiring topological phases are revealed on the basis of the gauge symmetry in non-simply connected spaces and the adiabatic condition for the state of magnetic dipoles. In addition, investigation of basic two-body interactions between an electric charge and a magnetic dipole clarifies their appropriate relative motions and discloses physical interrelations between the effects. Based on the two-body interaction, we also construct an exact microscopic description of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, where all the elements are treated on equal footing, i.e., magnetic dipoles are described quantum-mechanically and electromagnetic fields are quantized. This microscopic analysis not only confirms the conventional (semiclassical) results and the topological nature but also allows one to explore the fluctuation effects due to the precession of the magnetic dipoles with the adiabatic condition relaxed.
Sedimente und Formen der glazialen Serie
Creators: name: German, Rüdiger
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1973

description: Der Begriff der glazialen Serie, welcher seit seiner Bildung weitgehend nur geomorphologisch verstanden und weiterentwickelt wurde, wird kritisch überprüft. Die Grundlagen dazu lieferten eingehende Kartierungen glazigener und glazialer Sedimente im württembergischen Alpenvorland (Oberschwaben) und Übersichtsbegehungen im bayerischen Alpenvorland und im Schweizer Mittelland. Sedimentologisch müssen bei der glazialen Serie weitere Schichten ausgesondert werden, als dies bisher üblich war. An Stelle der bisher kartierten teilweise recht mächtigen Grundmoräne im Rückland des Maximalwalles, kommen weitgehend nur Schmelzwassersedimente vor. Eine sedimentologische Bearbeitung der verschiedenen Schichten der glazialen Serie erlaubt es, für die einzelnen Schichten charakteristische Kennzeichen herauszustellen (Tab. 1). Mit Hilfe dieser geologisch-sedimentologischen Kriterien folgt: Die bisherige geomorphologische Ansprache der Formen in der bisherigen „Jungmoränenlandschaft" und der bisherigen „Altmoränenlandschaft" hält den Kriterien einer modernen und auf rezenten Beispielen begründeten Sedimentansprache nicht mehr stand. An Stelle des bisher üblichen morphologischen Landschaftsbegriffs der „kuppigen Grundmoränenlandschaft" ist jetzt derjenige der „kuppigen Schmelzwasserlandschaft" zu setzen. Beim Abschmelzen erfolgte in der Nähe des häufig oszillierenden Eisrandes ein lebhafter Wechsel zwischen der schwemmkegelartigen Akkumulation von Schmelzwassersedimenten und deren Umlagerung durch kurze Zeit später eintretende Erosion. Nachdem das Schmelzwasser als das entscheidende Agens für die Gestaltung des Raumes im Hinterland der Jeweiligen Maximalmoräne einer Eiszeit erkannt ist, treffen die alteingeführten Begriffe „Jung"- und „Altmoränenlandschaft" sinngemäß nicht mehr zu. Diese deuten Ja auf die Genese der Landschaft durch das Eis. Es ist in diesem Fall wohl besser, von der „würmeiszeitlichen kuppigen Schmelzwasserlandschaft" bzw. von der „Jüngeren kuppigen Schmelzwasserlandschaft" und der „rißeiszeitlichen kuppigen Schmelzwasserlandschaft" bzw. der „alten (kuppigen) Schmelzwasserlandschaft" bzw. der „alten (kuppigen) Schmelzwasserlandschaft" zu sprechen. Als Abkürzungen für diese langen Worte wird vorgeschlagen „Jüngere Eisrandlandschaft" und „ältere Eisrandlandschaft" zu verwenden.
description: research
Los Desafíos de la Organización con las Distintas Generaciones
Creators: name: Ortiz, Francisco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 350503
subject: Human resources management

description: La coexistencia de diversas generaciones dentro del entorno laboral es una realidad global que presenta tanto desafíos como oportunidades para las organizaciones. Cada generación, desde los Baby Boomers hasta la Generación Z, aporta perspectivas, valores y estilos únicos en el trabajo. Esta gran diversidad de visiones respecto a la vida y a las experiencias profesionales crea la necesidad imperante de que el Departamento de Talento Humano adopte estrategias innovadoras para gestionar y potenciar el talento de todas las generaciones presentes en la empresa, reconociendo que los empleados varían significativamente según la generación a la que pertenezcan por lo que Talento Humano debe constantemente reinventarse para mantenerse al tanto de las demandas cambiantes del entorno. Una de las principales claves para el éxito en la gestión de la diversidad generacional es la implementación de políticas y prácticas inclusivas que reconozcan y respeten las diferencias individuales. Esto implica diseñar programas de desarrollo profesional que aborden las diversas etapas de la carrera, así como la creación de entornos de trabajo que fomenten la colaboración intergeneracional ágil.
Zróżnicowanie dochodów rolniczych gospodarstw indywidualnych po wprowadzeniu nowego systemu dopłat bezpośrednich
DIVERSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL INCOMES OF INDIVIDUAL FARMS AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF A NEW SYSTEM OF DIRECT PAYMENTS
Creators: name: Kutkowska, Barbara
name: Berbeka, Tomasz
name: Kutkowska, Barbara
name: Berbeka, Tomasz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: gospodarstwo
subject: dopłaty bezpośrednie
subject: dochód rolniczy

description: The object of this study was evaluation of farm incomes in the various area groups of individual farms located in Lower Silesia. The main aim of the study was to determine the effect of the new rules of the Common Agricultural Policy in terms of direct payments to agricultural income. Studies have shown that financial support in this category does not cause a significant variation in the profitability of individual farms in selected area groups. Moreover, the additional payment and payment for the “greening” also significantly not affect the economic result of the farm. Simulation study confirmed that in relation to previous year (2014) the total quotaof direct payments supporty might be lower.
Heliophanus lineiventris Simon 1868
Creators: name: Isaia, Marco
name: Paschetta, Mauro
name: Chiarle, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Heliophanus
Heliophanus lineiventris

description: Heliophanus lineiventris Simon, 1868
NEW DATA. — Valdieri: Pian del Valasco, Alpine pasture with rocks, 1764 m, 27.VIII.2009, 1♀; Vernante: Vallone degli Alberghi, sparse wood, grassland and rock-debris, 1400-2000 m, 5.VI.2010, 1♂.
 LITERATURE. — Paschetta et al. (2013).
CHOROTYPE. — PAL.
MACROHABITAT. — Alpine prairies.
description: Published as part of Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro & Chiarle, Alberto, 2015, Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation " Alpi Marittime " (NW Italy), pp. 57-114 in Zoosystema 37 (1) on page 104, DOI: 10.5252/z2015n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4577680
Communicating Performance Information to Consumers of Clothing: An Economic Analysis
Creators: name: Kinsey, Jean
name: Sieban, Wanda
name: Kinsey, Jean
name: Sieban, Wanda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: ----------- ----------- The nature of information communicated to clothing consumers is analyzed and a summary of previous findings about consumer satisfaction with clothing performance are presented. It was determined that manufacturer-to-consumer com.􀀣unication systems currently used by clothing manufacturers provide data, not necessarily information. Such commum­ication systems lead to economic losses when con­ sumers in the post-purchase situation realize utility different from that expected at purchase. A conceptual framework for measuring losses in consumer welfare from imperfect information is presented. The model is used to explain why con­ sumers do not take remedial action when clothing is unexpectedly inferior. Implications for information policies are outlined.
Picosecond Multilevel Resistive Switching in Tantalum Oxide Thin Films
Creators: name: Böttger, Ulrich
name: von Witzleben, Moritz
name: Havel, Viktor
name: Fleck, Karsten
name: Rana, Vikas
name: Waser, Rainer
name: Menzel, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The increasing demand for high-density data storage leads to an increasing interest in novel memory concepts with high scalability and the opportunity of storing multiple bits in one cell. A promising candidate is the redox-based resistive switch repositing the information in form of different resistance states. For reliable programming, the underlying physical parameters need to be understood. We reveal that the programmable resistance states are linked to internal series resistances and the fundamental nonlinear switching kinetics. The switching kinetics of Ta$_{2}$O$_{5}$-based cells was investigated in a wide range over 15 orders of magnitude from 250 ps to 10$^{5}$ s. We found strong evidence for a switching speed of 10 ps which is consistent with analog electronic circuit simulations. On all time scales, multi-bit data storage capabilities were demonstrated. The elucidated link between fundamental material properties and multi-bit data storage paves the way for designing resistive switches for memory and neuromorphic applications.
description: Compiled PDF should contain 24 pages, 5 figures and 50 references
Probing the innermost regions of AGN jets and their magnetic fields with RadioAstron. III. Blazar S5 0716+71 at microarcsecond resolution
Creators: name: Kravchenko, Evgeniya V.
name: Gómez, Jose L.
name: Kovalev, Yuri Y.
name: Lobanov, Andrei P.
name: Savolainen, Tuomas
name: Bruni, Gabriele
name: Fuentes, Antonio
name: Anderson, James M.
name: Jorstad, Svetlana G.
name: Marscher, Alan P.
name: Tornikoski, Merja
name: Lähteenmäki, Anne
name: Lisakov, Mikhail M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present RadioAstron Space VLBI imaging observations of the BL Lac object S5 0716+71 made on January 3-4 2015 at a frequency of 22 GHz (wavelength $λ=1.3$ cm). The observations were made in the framework of the AGN Polarization Key Science Program. The source was detected on projected space-ground baselines up to 70 833 km (5.6 Earth diameters) for both, parallel hand and cross-hand interferometric visibilities. We have used these detections to obtain a full-polarimetric image of the blazar at an unprecedented angular resolution of 24 $μ$as, the highest for this source to date. This enabled us to estimate the size of the radio core to be $<12\times5~μ$as and to reveal a complex structure and a significant curvature of the blazar jet in the inner 100 $μ$as, which is an indication that the jet viewing angle lies inside the opening angle of the jet conical outflow. Fairly highly (15%) linearly polarized emission is detected in a jet region of 19 $μ$as in size, located 58 $μ$as downstream from the core. The highest brightness temperature in the source frame is estimated to be $>2.2\times10^{13}$ K for the blazar core. This implies that the inverse Compton limit must be violated in the rest frame of the source, even for the largest Doppler factor $δ\thicksim25$ reported for 0716+714.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables; accepted to ApJ