cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
FedForgery: Generalized Face Forgery Detection with Residual Federated Learning
Creators: name: Liu, Decheng
name: Dang, Zhan
name: Peng, Chunlei
name: Zheng, Yu
name: Li, Shuang
name: Wang, Nannan
name: Gao, Xinbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the continuous development of deep learning in the field of image generation models, a large number of vivid forged faces have been generated and spread on the Internet. These high-authenticity artifacts could grow into a threat to society security. Existing face forgery detection methods directly utilize the obtained public shared or centralized data for training but ignore the personal privacy and security issues when personal data couldn't be centralizedly shared in real-world scenarios. Additionally, different distributions caused by diverse artifact types would further bring adverse influences on the forgery detection task. To solve the mentioned problems, the paper proposes a novel generalized residual Federated learning for face Forgery detection (FedForgery). The designed variational autoencoder aims to learn robust discriminative residual feature maps to detect forgery faces (with diverse or even unknown artifact types). Furthermore, the general federated learning strategy is introduced to construct distributed detection model trained collaboratively with multiple local decentralized devices, which could further boost the representation generalization. Experiments conducted on publicly available face forgery detection datasets prove the superior performance of the proposed FedForgery. The designed novel generalized face forgery detection protocols and source code would be publicly available.
description: The code is available at https://github.com/GANG370/FedForgery. The paper has been accepted in the IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics & Security
Light-travel-time diagnostics in early Supernova spectra: substantial mass loss of the IIb progenitor of SN 2013cu through a superwind
Creators: name: Gräfener, G.
name: Vink, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The progenitors of type-IIb supernovae (SNe) are believed to have lost their H-rich envelopes almost completely in the direct pre-SN phase. Recently the first 'flash spectrum' of a SN IIb (SN2013cu) has been presented, taken early enough to study its immediate circumstellar medium (CSM). Similar to a previous study by Groh (2014) we analyse the structure and chemical composition of the optically-thick CSM using non-LTE model atmospheres. For the first time we take light-travel time (LTT) effects on the spectrum formation into account, which affect the shapes and strengths of the observable emission lines, as well as the inferred SN luminosity. Based on the new CSM parameters we estimate a lower limit of ~0.3Msun for the CSM mass, which is a factor 10-100 higher than previous estimates. The spectral fit implies a CSM in the form of a homogeneous and spherically symmetric superwind whose mass-loss rate exceeds common expectations by up to two orders of magnitude. The derived chemical composition is in agreement with a progenitor that has just left, or is just about to leave the Red-Supergiant (RSG) stage, confirming the standard picture for the origin of SNe IIb. Due to its extreme mass loss the SN progenitor will likely appear as extreme RSG, Luminous Blue Variable (LBV), or Yellow Hypergiant (YHG). The direct detection of a superwind, and the high inferred CSM mass suggest that stellar wind mass loss may play an important role in the formation of SNe IIb.
description: MNRAS, accepted
AMS-02 in space: physics results, overview, and challenges
Creators: name: Tomassetti, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a state of the art particle detector measuring cosmic rays (CRs) on the International Space Station (ISS) since May 19th 2011. AMS-02 identifies CR leptons and nuclei in the energy range from hundreds MeV to few TeV per nucleon. Several sub-detector systems allow for redundant particle identification with unprecedented precision, a powerful lepton-hadron separation, and a high purity of the antimatter signal. The new AMS-02 leptonic data from 1 to 500 GeV are presented and discussed. These new data indicate that new sources of CR leptons need to be included to describe the observed spectra at high energies. Explanations of this anomaly may be found either in dark-matter particles annihilation or in the existence of nearby astrophysical sources of $e^{\pm}$. Future data at higher energies and forthcoming measurements on the antiproton spectrum and the boron-to-carbon ratio will be crucial in providing the discrimination among the different scenario.
description: Proceedings from NOW (Neutrino Oscillation Workshop) 2014
Clash of Titans: a MUSE dynamical study of the extreme cluster merger SPT-CL J0307-6225
Creators: name: Hernández-Lang, D.
name: Zenteno, A.
name: Diaz-Ocampo, A.
name: Cuevas, H.
name: Clancy, J.
name: P., H. Prado
name: Aldás, F.
name: Pallero, D.
name: Monteiro-Oliveira, R.
name: Gómez, F. A.
name: Ramirez, A.
name: Wynter, J.
name: Carrasco, E. R.
name: Hau, G. K. T.
name: Stalder, B.
name: McDonald, M.
name: Bayliss, M.
name: Floyd, B.
name: Garmire, G.
name: Katzenberger, A.
name: Kim, K. J.
name: Klein, M.
name: Mahler, G.
name: Castellon, J. L. Nilo
name: Saro, A.
name: Somboonpanyakul, T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present VLT/MUSE spectroscopy, along with archival Gemini/GMOS spectroscopy, Magellan/Megacam imaging, and Chandra X-ray emission for SPT-CL J0305-6225, a z=0.58 major merging galaxy cluster with a large BCG-SZ centroid separation and a highly disturbed X-ray morphology. The galaxy density distribution shows two main overdensities with separations of 0.144 and 0.017 arcmin to their respective BCGs. We characterize the central regions of the two colliding structures, namely 0307-6225N and 0307-6225S, finding velocity derived masses of $M_{200,N}=$ 2.44 $\pm$ 1.41 $\times10^{14}$ M$_\odot$ and $M_{200,S}=$ 3.16 $\pm$ 1.88 $\times10^{14}$ M$_\odot$, with a line-of-sight velocity difference of $|Δv| = 342$ km s$^{-1}$. The total dynamically derived mass is consistent with the SZ derived mass of 7.63 h$_{70}^{-1}$ $\pm$ 1.36 $\times10^{14}$ M$_\odot$. We model the merger using the Monte Carlo Merger Analysis Code, estimating a merging angle of 36$^{+14}_{-12}$ degrees with respect to the plane of the sky. Comparing with simulations of a merging system with a mass ratio of 1:3, we find that the best scenario is that of an ongoing merger that began 0.96$^{+0.31}_{-0.18}$ Gyr ago. We also characterize the galaxy population using H$δ$ and [OII] $λ3727$ Å\ lines. We find that most of the emission-line galaxies belong to 0307-6225S, close to the X-ray peak position, with a third of them corresponding to red-cluster sequence galaxies, and the rest to blue galaxies with velocities consistent with recent periods of accretion. Moreover, we suggest that 0307-6225S suffered a previous merger, evidenced through the two equally bright BCGs at the center with a velocity difference of $\sim$674 km s$^{-1}$.
description: 23 pages, 8 tables, 20 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS; Updated to match published version
Topological pump of $SU(Q)$ quantum chain and Diophantine equation
Creators: name: Hatsugai, Yasuhiro
name: Kuno, Yoshihito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A topological pump of the $SU(Q)$ quantum chain is proposed associated with a current due to a local $[U(1)]^{\otimes Q}$ gauge invariance of colored fermions. The $SU(Q)$ invariant dimer phases are characterized by the $Z_Q$ Berry phases as a topological order parameter with a $d$-dimensional twist space ($d=Q-1$) as a synthetic Brillouin zone. By inclusion of the symmetry breaking perturbation specified by a rational parameter $Φ=P/Q$, the pump, that encloses around the phase boundary, is characterized by the $Q$ Chern numbers associated with the currents due to uniform infinitesimal twists. The analysis of the systems under the open/periodic/twisted boundary conditions clarifies the bulk-edge correspondence of the pump where the large gauge transformation generated by the center of mass (CoM) plays a central role. An explicit formula for the Chern number is given by using the Diophanine equation. Numerical demonstration by the exact diagonalization and the DMRG for finite systems ($Q=3,4$ and $5$) have been presented to confirm the general discussions for low energy spectra, edge states, CoM's, Chern numbers and the bulk-edge correspondence. A modified Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type argument for the general $SU(Q)$ quantum chain is also mentioned.
description: 34 pages, 17 figures, 7 tables
Evidence of Vocal Tract Articulation in Self-Supervised Learning of Speech
Creators: name: Cho, Cheol Jun
name: Wu, Peter
name: Mohamed, Abdelrahman
name: Anumanchipalli, Gopala K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent self-supervised learning (SSL) models have proven to learn rich representations of speech, which can readily be utilized by diverse downstream tasks. To understand such utilities, various analyses have been done for speech SSL models to reveal which and how information is encoded in the learned representations. Although the scope of previous analyses is extensive in acoustic, phonetic, and semantic perspectives, the physical grounding by speech production has not yet received full attention. To bridge this gap, we conduct a comprehensive analysis to link speech representations to articulatory trajectories measured by electromagnetic articulography (EMA). Our analysis is based on a linear probing approach where we measure articulatory score as an average correlation of linear mapping to EMA. We analyze a set of SSL models selected from the leaderboard of the SUPERB benchmark and perform further layer-wise analyses on two most successful models, Wav2Vec 2.0 and HuBERT. Surprisingly, representations from the recent speech SSL models are highly correlated with EMA traces (best: r = 0.81), and only 5 minutes are sufficient to train a linear model with high performance (r = 0.77). Our findings suggest that SSL models learn to align closely with continuous articulations, and provide a novel insight into speech SSL.
Hawking from Catalan
Creators: name: Fitzpatrick, A. Liam
name: Kaplan, Jared
name: Walters, Matthew T.
name: Wang, Junpu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Virasoro algebra determines all `graviton' matrix elements in AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$. We study the explicit exchange of any number of Virasoro gravitons between heavy and light CFT$_2$ operators at large central charge. These graviton exchanges can be written in terms of new on-shell tree diagrams, organized in a perturbative expansion in $h_H/c$, the heavy operator dimension divided by the central charge. The Virasoro vacuum conformal block, which is the sum of all the tree diagrams, obeys a differential recursion relation generalizing that of the Catalan numbers. We use this recursion relation to sum the on-shell diagrams to all orders, computing the Virasoro vacuum block. Extrapolating to large $h_H/c$ determines the Hawking temperature of a BTZ black hole in dual AdS$_3$ theories.
description: 19+8 pages, 5 figures
Angular time delay in quantum mechanical scattering
Creators: name: Zahn, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply Brunetti and Fredenhagen's [Phys. Rev. A 66 (2002) 044101] concept of the time of occurrence of an event in quantum mechanics to the example of scattering off a spherical potential. Thereby, we re-derive the expression of Froissart, Goldberger, and Watson [Phys. Rev. 131 (1963) 2820] for the angular time delay, clarifying some conceptual issues with their derivation. We also present an elementary re-derivation of the "space shift" (essentially the impact parameter) defined in the quantum mechanical context by the same authors. We clarify the relation of both quantities to their classical counterparts in the context of the WKB approximation. As an example, we apply the concepts to scattering at a hard sphere. We find pronounced peaks in the both the time delay and the space shift at the minima of intensity in the forward diffraction region for short wavelength scattering and discuss whether these could in principle be observable.
description: final version
A Mixed Methods Study of the Impact on Self-Efficacy, Beliefs, and Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching Through Professional Development on Student Thinking
Creators: name: Sinquefield, Rhonda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The purpose of this mixed method study was to explore the relationship among self-efficacy/beliefs, mathematical knowledge for teaching and student thinking. The study included 20 teachers who took a survey comprised of the Self-Efficacy for Teaching Mathematics Instrument (McGee, 2012) as well as the Mathematics Beliefs Scale (Fennema, Carpenter, & Loef, 1990). From this group, five teachers participated in a study that included professional development and coaching on the use of student thinking to guide instructional decisions. These five were also interviewed to further explore their efficacy and beliefs regarding teaching mathematics. In order to determine changes in classroom practice, observational data were collected using a Talk Moves Checklist (Chapin, O’Connor, & Anderson, 2009), the Levels of Engagement With Children’s Mathematical Thinking Scale (Franke, Carpenter, Levi, & Fennema, 2001), as well as the Math Talk Community Scale (Hufferd-Ackles, Fuson, & Sherin, 2004). These data were coded so that they were included with the other quantitative data from the survey and some parts of the interview. All quantitative data were collected before professional development began and than again when the professional development ended. Qualitative data collection came solely from the interviews. Recurring themes and ideas from the interviews were explored as they pertained to the research questions of the study. Data from the surveys did not show significant changes in teachers’ self-efficacy and beliefs as a result of participation in the professional development and coaching. However, other quantitative data as well as qualitative data did show changes in beliefs and classroom practice as a result of participation in the professional development and coaching portion of the study. Qualitative data also supported the idea that changes in practice, which were directly related to participation in professional development, occurred because of realized student success. This study offers information related to changes in teachers’ beliefs and classroom practice when coaching follows professional development. In addition, this study provides insight into changes in teachers’ beliefs and classroom practice when teachers see their students being successful with information learned in professional development.
CarPed -- A Hybrid and Macroscopic Traffic and Pedestrian Simulator
Creators: name: Biedermann, Daniel H.
name: Kielar, Peter M.
name: Aumann, Quirin
name: Osorio, Carlos M.
name: Lai, Celeste T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 90B20

description: Dense human flow has been a concern for the safety of public events for a long time. Macroscopic pedestrian models, which are mainly based on fluid dynamics, are often used to simulate huge crowds due to their low computational costs (Columbo & Rosini 2005). Similar approaches are used in the field of traffic simulations (Lighthill & Whitham 1955). A combined macroscopic simulation of vehicles and pedestrians is extremely helpful for all-encompassing traffic control. Therefore, we developed a hybrid model that contains networks for vehicular traffic and human flow. This comprehensive model supports concurrent multi-modal simulations of traffic and pedestrians.
description: 8 pages. In: Proceedings of the 27th Forum Bauinformatik, Aachen, Germany, 2015
The Role of Residential Buyouts in Post-Disaster Housing Recovery Support
Creators: name: Maly, Elizabeth
name: Kondo, Tamiyo
name: Banda, Michiko
name: Iuchi, Kanako
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2019

description: After recent disasters in Japan and the United States, government acquisition of residential land has played a larger and increasing role within and in relation to housing recovery support programs. With different historical, legal, and governance contexts, residential buyouts are shaped by the respective policies of each country. Framed by earlier precedents, this paper explains the development and implementation of residential buyout programs used after recent disasters: the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami in Japan and 2012 Superstorm Sandy in New York City and New York State in the United States. Through a comparison of roles of buyout in relationship to other aspects of postdisaster housing reconstruction and recovery support, some similarities are identified in the challenges of implementation, as well as uniquely different issues faced by the affected communities and households in each case.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
KELT-4Ab: An inflated Hot Jupiter transiting the bright (V~10) component of a hierarchical triple
Creators: name: Eastman, Jason D.
name: Beatty, Thomas G.
name: Siverd, Robert J.
name: Antognini, Joseph M. O.
name: Penny, Matthew T.
name: Gonzales, Erica J.
name: Crepp, Justin R.
name: Howard, Andrew W.
name: Avril, Ryan L.
name: Bieryla, Allyson
name: Collins, Karen
name: Fulton, Benjamin J.
name: Ge, Jian
name: Gregorio, Joao
name: Ma, Bo
name: Mellon, Samuel N.
name: Oberst, Thomas E.
name: Wang, Ji
name: Gaudi, B. Scott
name: Pepper, Joshua
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
name: Buchhave, Lars A.
name: Jensen, Eric L. N.
name: Latham, David W.
name: Berlind, Perry
name: Calkins, Michael L.
name: Cargile, Phillip A.
name: Colon, Knicole D.
name: Dhital, Saurav
name: Esquerdo, Gilbert A.
name: Johnson, John Asher
name: Kielkopf, John F.
name: Manner, Mark
name: Mao, Qingqing
name: McLeod, Kim K.
name: Penev, Kaloyan
name: Stefanik, Robert P.
name: Street, Rachel
name: Zambelli, Roberto
name: DePoy, D. L.
name: Gould, Andrew
name: Marshall, Jennifer L.
name: Pogge, Richard W.
name: Trueblood, Mark
name: Trueblood, Patricia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of KELT-4Ab, an inflated, transiting Hot Jupiter orbiting the brightest component of a hierarchical triple stellar system. The host star is an F star with $T_{\rm eff}=6206\pm75$ K, $\log g=4.108\pm0.014$, $\left[{\rm Fe}/{\rm H}\right]=-0.116_{-0.069}^{+0.065}$, ${\rm M_*}=1.201_{-0.061}^{+0.067} \ {\rm M}_{\odot}$, and ${\rm R_*}=1.610_{-0.068}^{+0.078} \ {\rm R}_{\odot}$. The best-fit linear ephemeris is $\rm {BJD_{TDB}} = 2456193.29157 \pm 0.00021 + E\left(2.9895936 \pm 0.0000048\right)$. With a magnitude of $V\sim10$, a planetary radius of $1.699_{-0.045}^{+0.046} \ {\rm R_J}$, and a mass of $0.902_{-0.059}^{+0.060} \ {\rm M_J}$, it is the brightest host among the population of inflated Hot Jupiters ($R_P > 1.5R_J$), making it a valuable discovery for probing the nature of inflated planets. In addition, its existence within a hierarchical triple and its proximity to Earth ($210$ pc) provides a unique opportunity for dynamical studies with continued monitoring with high resolution imaging and precision radial velocities. In particular, the motion of the binary stars around each other and of both stars around the primary star relative to the measured epoch in this work should be detectable when it rises in October 2015.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures. Submitted to AJ
Geared topological metamaterials with tunable mechanical stability
Creators: name: Meeussen, Anne S.
name: Paulose, Jayson
name: Vitelli, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classification of materials into insulators and conductors has been shaken up by the discovery of topological insulators that conduct robustly at the edge but not in the bulk. In mechanics, designating a material as insulating or conducting amounts to asking if it is rigid or floppy. Although mechanical structures that display topological floppy modes have been proposed, they are all vulnerable to global collapse. Here, we design and build mechanical metamaterials that are stable and yet capable of harboring protected edge and bulk modes, analogous to those in electronic topological insulators and Weyl semimetals. To do so, we exploit gear assemblies that, unlike point masses connected by springs, incorporate both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Global structural stability is achieved by eliminating geometrical frustration of collective gear rotations extending through the assembly. The topological robustness of the mechanical modes makes them appealing across scales from engineered macrostructures to networks of toothed microrotors of potential use in micro-machines.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures; new title, added discussion and appendices; see http://wwwhome.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/~paulose/topological-gears/ for accompanying videos. To appear in PRX
Survey Descent: A Multipoint Generalization of Gradient Descent for Nonsmooth Optimization
Creators: name: Han, X. Y.
name: Lewis, Adrian S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 90C25, 65K05, 49M37

description: For strongly convex objectives that are smooth, the classical theory of gradient descent ensures linear convergence relative to the number of gradient evaluations. An analogous nonsmooth theory is challenging. Even when the objective is smooth at every iterate, the corresponding local models are unstable and the number of cutting planes invoked by traditional remedies is difficult to bound, leading to convergences guarantees that are sublinear relative to the cumulative number of gradient evaluations. We instead propose a multipoint generalization of the gradient descent iteration for local optimization. While designed with general objectives in mind, we are motivated by a ``max-of-smooth'' model that captures the subdifferential dimension at optimality. We prove linear convergence when the objective is itself max-of-smooth, and experiments suggest a more general phenomenon.
description: Accepted to SIAM Journal on Optimization (SIOPT)
An Invisible Metallic Mesh
Creators: name: Ye, Dexin
name: Lu, Ling
name: Joannopoulos, John D.
name: Soljačić, Marin
name: Ran, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a solid material that is itself invisible, possessing identical electromagnetic properties as air (i.e. not a cloak) at a desired frequency. Such a material could provide improved mechanical stability, electrical conduction and heat dissipation to a system, without disturbing incident electromagnetic radiation. One immediate application would be towards perfect antenna radomes. Unlike cloaks, such a transparent and self-invisible material has yet to be demonstrated. Previous research has shown that a single sphere or cylinder coated with plasmonic or dielectric layers can have a dark-state with considerably suppressed scattering cross-section, due to the destructive interference between two resonances in one of its scattering channels. Nevertheless, a massive collection of these objects will have an accumulated and detectable disturbance to the original field distribution. Here we overcome this bottleneck by lining up the dark-state frequencies in different channels. Specifically, we derive analytically, verify numerically and demonstrate experimentally that deliberately designed corrugated metallic wires can have record-low scattering amplitudes, achieved by aligning the nodal frequencies of the first two scattering channels. This enables an arbitrary assembly of these wires to be omnidirectionally invisible and the effective constitutive parameters nearly identical to air. Measured transmission spectra at microwave frequencies reveal indistinguishable results for all the arrangements of the 3D-printed samples studied.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Driving Rabi oscillations at the giant dipole resonance in xenon
Creators: name: Pabst, Stefan
name: Wang, Daochen
name: Santra, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Free-electron lasers (FELs) produce short and very intense light pulses in the XUV and x-ray regimes. We investigate the possibility to drive Rabi oscillations in xenon with an intense FEL pulse by using the unusually large dipole strength of the giant-dipole resonance (GDR). The GDR decays within less than 30 as due to its position, which is above the $4d$ ionization threshold. We find that intensities around 10$^{18}$ W/cm$^2$ are required to induce Rabi oscillations with a period comparable to the lifetime. The pulse duration should not exceed 100 as because xenon will be fully ionized within a few lifetimes. Rabi oscillations reveal themselves also in the photoelectron spectrum in form of Autler-Townes splittings extending over several tens of electronvolt.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Urban planning for the Yamashiro hot spring by Eika Takayama
Creators: name: Nishikawa, Ryo
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Though the necessity of urban planning for tourist destinations in Japan has been acknowledged by some of the professors, little progress has been made so far. In order to contemplate the urban planning of tourist destinations for the future, it is necessary to review the history of planning for tourist destinations. It is also important to clarify how urban planners in Japan previously engaged with tourist destinations. Therefore, this research focuses on Eika Takayama, one of the greatest urban planners of Japan. It explores his works on tourist destinations. He was engaged with the Japan Spa Association and did three types of activities: 1) participation in the discussions held in hot spring areas; 2) a tour to hot spring resorts in Europe with members of the committee and; 3) the actual urban planning of hot spring areas. This paper mentions his relationship with the plans for the Yamashiro hot spring town. With strong demand for the development of tourism during the 1950s, he proposed to create a new town for development while conserving the historical and unique centre of Yamashiro. His idea contributes to the uniqueness of Yamashiro today.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Legitimacy and Islamic Symbols in Contemporary Tajikistan
Creators: name: Landes, Carissa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: This paper examines the use of Islamic symbols by the Tajik government and president Emomali Rahmon, and the development of a form of “Tajik” Islam as a tool to gain political legitimacy. Utilizing Rahmon’s series of speeches on Abu Hanifa (669-767), the founder of one of the main schools of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence, as well as press coverage from Rahmon’s recent pilgrimage to Mecca, this thesis analyzes how the president is attempting to present himself as an important Muslim leader. It reviews three major factors that inform the attitude of the Rahmon government toward Islam: Soviet legacy, the international security context, and the Tajik Civil War. It concludes that despite the attempts of the Tajik government to aggressively police religious institutions, spiritual leaders, and certain public expressions of the Muslim faith, the state’s ability to implement "Tajik" Islam is limited.
A web basis of invariant polynomials from noncrossing partitions
Creators: name: Patrias, Rebecca
name: Pechenik, Oliver
name: Striker, Jessica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E10, 20C30, 05A18

description: The irreducible representations of symmetric groups can be realized as certain graded pieces of invariant rings, equivalently as global sections of line bundles on partial flag varieties. There are various ways to choose useful bases of such Specht modules $S^λ$. Particularly powerful are web bases, which make important connections with cluster algebras and quantum link invariants. Unfortunately, web bases are only known in very special cases -- essentially, only the cases $λ=(d,d)$ and $λ=(d,d,d)$. Building on work of B. Rhoades (2017), we construct an apparent web basis of invariant polynomials for the $2$-parameter family of Specht modules with $λ$ of the form $(d,d,1^\ell)$. The planar diagrams that appear are noncrossing set partitions, and we thereby obtain geometric interpretations of earlier enumerative results in combinatorial dynamics.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
A proposal for 3d quantum gravity and its bulk factorization
Creators: name: Mertens, Thomas G.
name: Simón, Joan
name: Wong, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in AdS/CFT has provided a good understanding of how the bulk spacetime is encoded in the entanglement structure of the boundary CFT. However, little is known about how spacetime emerges directly from the bulk quantum theory. We address this question in an effective 3d quantum theory of pure gravity, which describes the high temperature regime of a holographic CFT. This theory can be viewed as a $q$-deformation and dimensional uplift of JT gravity. Using this model, we show that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a two-sided black hole equals the bulk entanglement entropy of gravitational edge modes. In the conventional Chern-Simons description, these black holes correspond to Wilson lines in representations of $\PSL(2,\mathbb{R})\otimes \PSL(2,\mathbb{R}) $. We show that the correct calculation of gravitational entropy suggests we should interpret the bulk theory as an extended topological quantum field theory associated to the quantum semi-group $\SL^+_{q}(2,\mathbb{R})\otimes \SL^+_{q}(2,\mathbb{R})$. Our calculation suggests an effective description of bulk microstates in terms of collective, anyonic degrees of freedom whose entanglement leads to the emergence of the bulk spacetime.
description: Revised introduction and summary. Journal version
Exceptional Calabi--Yau spaces: the geometry of $\mathcal{N}=2$ backgrounds with flux
Creators: name: Ashmore, Anthony
name: Waldram, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we define the analogue of Calabi--Yau geometry for generic $D=4$, $\mathcal{N}=2$ flux backgrounds in type II supergravity and M-theory. We show that solutions of the Killing spinor equations are in one-to-one correspondence with integrable, globally defined structures in $E_{7(7)}\times\mathbb{R}^+$ generalised geometry. Such "exceptional Calabi--Yau" geometries are determined by two generalised objects that parametrise hyper- and vector-multiplet degrees of freedom and generalise conventional complex, symplectic and hyper-Kahler geometries. The integrability conditions for both hyper- and vector-multiplet structures are given by the vanishing of moment maps for the "generalised diffeomorphism group" of diffeomorphisms combined with gauge transformations. We give a number of explicit examples and discuss the structure of the moduli spaces of solutions. We then extend our construction to $D=5$ and $D=6$ flux backgrounds preserving eight supercharges, where similar structures appear, and finally discuss the analogous structures in $O(d,d)\times\mathbb{R}^+$ generalised geometry.
description: 68 pages plus appendices
Crossing histories
Creators: name: Simoes Junior, Jose Geraldo
name: Angotti-Salguerro, Heliana
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: This paper examines how some pioneering planners in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, Victor Freire, Prestes Maia, Ulhoa Cintra, and Anhaia Mello disseminated and appropriated the dominant principles of international urbanism in the period 1910-1930. The education in city planning is directly associated with the repertoire of engineering courses and professional associations. In this environment, where public debates on urban issues were intense, it is worth noting the presence of English urbanist Barry Parker, who lived for two years in São Paulo, implementing innovative projects and debating with local planners. The access to urban planning manuals and reviews, and the presence of these Brazilian professionals in international seminars, led to the dissemination of the international ideals and some resulting essays on they way these ideals could be applied in many fields: urban regulations, projects in downtown areas, housing, sanitation, town extension plans, city management, zoning, among others. Contradictions among practices, actors and references are requesting a conceptual and methodological effort attentive to historical dimension of the “circulation” of ideals or their limits of intelligibility and reception in other scales of time and place, such as the one proposed in this paper.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
High-dimensional order-free multivariate spatial disease mapping
Creators: name: Vicente, G.
name: Adin, A.
name: Goicoa, T.
name: Ugarte, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the amount of research on disease mapping in recent years, the use of multivariate models for areal spatial data remains limited due to difficulties in implementation and computational burden. These problems are exacerbated when the number of small areas is very large. In this paper, we introduce an order-free multivariate scalable Bayesian modelling approach to smooth mortality (or incidence) risks of several diseases simultaneously. The proposal partitions the spatial domain into smaller subregions, fits multivariate models in each subdivision and obtains the posterior distribution of the relative risks across the entire spatial domain. The approach also provides posterior correlations among the spatial patterns of the diseases in each partition that are combined through a consensus Monte Carlo algorithm to obtain correlations for the whole study region. We implement the proposal using integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) in the R package bigDM and use it to jointly analyse colorectal, lung, and stomach cancer mortality data in Spanish municipalities. The new proposal permits the analysis of big data sets and provides better results than fitting a single multivariate model.
Weinberg Operator Contribution to the Hadronic CP Violation
Creators: name: Yamanaka, Nodoka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CP violating Weinberg operator (or the gluon chromo-electric dipole moment) is generated in many candidates of new physics beyond the standard model, and it contributes to observables such as the electric dipole moments (EDM) of the neutron, nuclei and atoms. In this proceedings contribution, we review the present understanding of the Weinberg operator as well as the result of the estimation of its effect to the EDM of $^3$He nucleus through the contact CP-odd nuclear force.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, proceedings of the 24th International Spin Symposium (SPIN2021), Matsue, Japan, October 2021
Generality of the concatenated five-qubit code
Creators: name: Huang, Long
name: You, Bo
name: Wu, Xiaohua
name: Zhou, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, a quantum error correction (QEC) procedure with the concatenated five-qubit code is used to construct a near-perfect effective qubit channel (with a error below $10^{-5}$) from arbitrary noise channels. The exact performance of the QEC is characterized by a Choi matrix, which can be obtained via a simple and explicit protocol. In a noise model with five free parameters, our numerical results indicate that the concatenated five-qubit code is general: To construct a near-perfect effective channel from the noise channels, the necessary size of the concatenated five-qubit code depends only on the entanglement fidelity of the initial noise channels.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Origin of mafic enclaves and their feldspar phenocrysts in the El Capitan Granite, Yosemite National Park, California
Creators: name: Ireland, Kayla Renae
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2012

description: The El Capitan Granite of Yosemite Valley contains abundant mafic enclaves and is adjacent to a large, roughly coeval mafic complex known as the diorite of the Rockslides (DOTR) that has been suggested as an enclave source. However, Na2O and MnO lie above a simple mixing line between the two, precluding mixing as a complete explanation for their bulk compositions. The mafic enclaves also contain large plagioclase crystals similar in size to those in the host El Capitan Granite, yet their compositions are distinct from those in the El Capitan Granite and DOTR. Inclusions of Mn-rich ilmenite distinct to the mafic enclaves are also observed within the plagioclase. These data indicate enclaves did not result from mixing of the El Capitan Granite and mafic rocks of the DOTR, but most likely arose from andesitic magmas that are not otherwise found in the Sierra Nevada batholith.
Temporal vs Spatial Conservation and Memory Effect in Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Taghiloo, V.
name: Vahidinia, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the standard Maxwell's theory in 1+3 dimensions in the presence of a timelike boundary. In this context, we show that (generalized) Ampere-Maxwell's charge appears as a Noether charge associated with the Maxwell U(1) gauge symmetry which satisfies a spatial conservation equation. Furthermore, we also introduce the notion of spatial memory field and its corresponding memory effect. Finally, similar to the temporal case through the lens of Strominger's triangle proposal, we show how spatial memory and conservation are related.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, references added, updated to match the published version
Hadron spin structure from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Alexandrou, Constantia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results on the spin carried by quarks and gluons in the nucleon using lattice QCD simulations with physical values of the light, strange and charm quark masses. We also discuss selective results on the x-dependence of parton distribution functions computed in lattice QCD employing the quasi-parton distribution approach and the large momentum effective theory.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. Invited talk, 24th International Spin Symposium, Matsue, Japan, 18-22 Oct. 2021
Planning for Megaevents, dual dedications of legacy and delivery
Creators: name: Vadiati, Niloufar
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Mega-events as ‘hallmark event’ (Essex&Chalkley 1998) are considered as a means of image building, and catalyst for urban economic regeneration and development through strategies of attracting global investment, high employment multipliers and local tax revenues (Owen 2002). Critics, however, emphasise that running a 'spectacle' and achieving local regeneration are tasks which are not easily reconciled (Eisinger 2000), since the consumers of the spectacle are mainly middle-class (Gornostaeva 2011), and the ultimate consequences of city renewal by means of sport/consumption-led regeneration will be gentrification, prising-out and displace local small businesses and the disadvantaged populations (Vigor, Mean et al. 2004, Cohen& Watt 2017). I suggest that there are common dynamics behind the controversy of hosting the Mega Events which has plagued almost everywhere in the world to a greater or lesser degree, as the contradiction between two concurrent and tacit conceptions of the Mega Events. Delivery: the conception that understands the games as a project that should get done on time and perfect alongside, and as the counterpoint, legacy, which conceives Mega Event as a tool of redistributing the benefits to the citizens. The combination of legacy and delivery or public-sector (gift) and private-sector (profit) in one phrase seems awkward at best and an outright oxymoron at worst, while can be only explained by the market base city development. Therefore, the aim of this paper presentation is to review and analyse the whole process of Mega Event planning and legacy building which has been set to deliver the whole event and engage the locals to the benefits, while reflecting them on recent urban discourses, and the theories embedded them.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Reducing Excessive Dwell Time of Airport Queueing Lot Users at O’Hare International Airport
Creators: name: Adarkwah, Bernard Kofi
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: ABSTRACT Queues are a natural occurrence in the everyday lives of consumers and the process of every business. In general, traffic-free curbside pickup is desirable to ensure positive passenger experience and increase airport efficiency. The current difficulties of getting to O’Hare’s terminals 1, 2, and 3 pickup areas during periods of high demand can be partly attributed to queueing lots not being used efficiently. As such, strategies to facilitate proper functioning of queueing lots are very important to reduce excessive dwell time at curbside-pickup. This study sought answers to how the TNC and Cell Phone lots system operate at O’Hare, where queuing and pickup occur at O’Hare and what estimated average time is to be leaving a lot, picking up arrival passengers and leaving the terminal respectively. The study explored questions by employing mixed methods to understand; the queuing lot system and its operation, behaviours of lot users and ways to improve queueing lot operations, and to examine the influence of excessive congestion on curb-side pickup dwell time at O’Hare’s terminals T1, T2, and T3. Questionnaires were administered to TNC and Cell Phone lot users and several field observations were carried out at different hours in different days to understand dwell time situations at lots and pickup areas. The results revealed that, during peak hours, queueing lot users traveling from their respective lots tend to experience high vehicular traffic that builds up from immediate intersection of arrival and departure roadways to the terminal pickup zones. Also, congestion situation at curb-side left every user to experience longer dwell time, and unreliable queueing lot service as their critical challenges to terminal pick-up zones. The situation is further worsened by the on-going remodulation of pick-up areas at lower levels at terminals 1,2, and 3 as it reduced service capacity. The study recommended, the need to integrate queueing lots as traveling plazas by improvising basic amenities and services at respective lots. The impacts of these improvisions could be tested in feasibility studies leading to queueing lot system improvement at O’Hare Airport.
Statistical recovery of 21cm visibilities and their power spectra with Gaussian constrained realisations and Gibbs sampling
Creators: name: Kennedy, Fraser
name: Bull, Philip
name: Wilensky, Michael
name: Burba, Jacob
name: Choudhuri, Samir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio interferometers designed to probe the 21cm signal from Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionisation must contend with systematic effects that make it difficult to achieve sufficient dynamic range to separate the 21cm signal from foreground emission and other effects. For instance, the instrument's chromatic response modulates the otherwise spectrally smooth foregrounds, making them difficult to model, while a significant fraction of the data must be excised due to the presence of radio frequency interference (RFI), leaving gaps in the data. Errors in modelling the (modulated and gappy) foregrounds can easily generate spurious contamination of what should otherwise be 21cm signal-dominated modes. Various approaches have been developed to mitigate these issues by (e.g.) using non-parametric reconstruction of the foregrounds, in-painting the gaps, and weighting the data to reduce the level of contamination. We present a Bayesian statistical method that combines these approaches, using the coupled techniques of Gaussian constrained realisations (GCR) and Gibbs sampling. This provides a way of drawing samples from the joint posterior distribution of the 21cm signal modes and their power spectrum in the presence of gappy data and an uncertain foreground model in a computationally scalable manner. The data are weighted by an inverse covariance matrix that is estimated as part of the inference, along with a foreground model that can then be marginalised over. We demonstrate the application of this technique on a simulated HERA-like delay spectrum analysis, comparing three different approaches for accounting for the foreground components.
description: Updated to match accepted version. Note minor changes to power spectrum plots due to a small bugfix