cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of cell death pathways in cancer
Creators: name: Bray, Kevin
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Apoptosis is a canonical cellular death pathway that is inactivated in many human cancers.  Functional studies have elucidated the signaling mechanisms that control apoptosis and have allowed for the development of novel therapeutics to reactivate apoptosis in cancer cells.  Therapeutic induction of cell death often encounters resistance from other cellular survival pathways creating a requirement for combinatory therapeutics that simultaneously manipulate multiple cell death and survival pathways to kill tumor cells.  Apoptosis is frequently blocked in cancer cells through overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members.  The small molecule ABT-737 binds Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w with high affinity but not to less homologous Bfl1/A1 or Mcl-1.  This  leads to drug resistance in some tumor types.  We have demonstrated that inhibition of Bcl-2 with ABT-737 is not sufficient to induce cell death in immortalized mouse prostate epithelial cell lines.  Combinations of ABT-737 with DNA damaging agents that down regulate Mcl-1 expression induce cleavage of caspase-3 and cell death by apoptosis.  Furthermore, we have established a novel tumor explant system, termed Tumor Tissue Assessment for Response to Chemotherapy (TTARC), to assess the effectiveness of drug combinations in human cancer tissue. TTARC demonstrated the efficacy of combining ABT-737 with the DNA damaging agent Cisplatin ex-vivo.  Thus rational targeting of both Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 eliminated apoptosis resistance leading to cell death in prostate cancer.  Rational targeting of multiple death and survival pathways is a treatment strategy that can be applied to a broad range of cancer types.  Human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is commonly treated with the mTOR inhibitor CCI-779.  While CCI-779 improves overall survival of RCC patients, it is not curative.  We have identified mitophagy as a resistance mechanism to mTOR inhibition. CCI-779 induced profound mitochondrial damage that resulted in metabolic stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.  Furthermore CCI-779 blocked the Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway contributing to ROS propagation.  RCC cells eliminated damaged mitochondria through mitophagy enabling survival.  Combining CCI-779 with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine activated RIP kinases and necroptotic cell death.  Taken together, this data suggests that thoughtful manipulation of cell death and survival pathways will lead to more effective treatment regimes.
The economics of return migration
Creators: name: Biavaschi, Costanza
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: This dissertation focuses on the importance of return migration for the sending and the receiving economies.  Although an extensive literature has analyzed immigration, much less is known about the immigrants who choose to leave the host country and to return to their home country. Who are these returnees? What is the impact of this outflow of migrants on the host country labor market equilibrium? Using a dataset constructed from the Annual Reports of the Immigration and Naturalization Services, Chapter 2 studies the outflow of migrants from the U.S. between 1908 and 1957, and the impact of international labor movements on the U.S. labor market. Between 1900 and 1930 the outmigrants were primarily low skilled workers, although in the subsequent decades the outmigrants are progressively drawn from skilled occupations. This outflow is counter-cyclical, and partially reduces the labor market impact of the inflow of migrants. The third chapter analyzes the importance of self-selectivity in return migration from both the host country and the source country perspective. I study the nature of the selection process in return migration and in labor force participation of persons born in Puerto Rico (source economy) who return from the U.S. mainland (destination economy). Return migrants are negatively selected both in terms of observable and unobservable traits. Therefore, selective return migration persistently causes an underestimation of the wage process of the stayers in the U.S. The findings suggest that Puerto Ricans are able to sort across alternative locations based on their comparative advantage in each market.   The fourth chapter studies the return choice of a cross-section of Mexican immigrants. In particular, it asks what would the immigrant wage distribution be in the absence of return migration. The overarching problem of this chapter is the development of a consistent estimator for this wage distribution. A semiparametric procedure is proposed.  Mexican returnees are found to be middle to high wage earners, and return seem therefore to happen once individuals have reached their desired goals in the host country. In the absence of return migration the immigrant-native wage gap would be closing.
Ophiacanthida
Creators: name: Stöhr, Sabine
name: Hugall, Andrew F.
name: Thuy, Ben
name: Martynov, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea
Ophiacanthida

description: Ophiacanthida incertae sedis
Microphiura Mortensen, 1910, Ophioblenna Lütken, 1859, Ophiobrachion Lyman, 1883, Ophiacanthella Verrill, 1899a, Ophiochondrella Verrill, 1899b, Ophioclastus Murakami, 1943, Ophiodaces Koehler, 1922b, Ophiodelos Koehler, 1930, Ophiodictys Koehler, 1922a, Ophiodyscrita H.L. Clark, 1938, Ophiogema Koehler, 1922a, Ophiolamina Stöhr & Segonzac, 2006, Ophiomedea Koehler, 1906, Ophiomora Koehler, 1907, Ophioncus Ives, 1889, Ophiopaepale Ljungman, 1872, Ophioparva Guille, 1982, Ophiosciasma Lyman, 1878a, Ophiostyracium H.L. Clark, 1911, Pectinura Forbes, 1843, Ophiambix Lyman, 1880. (Some of the above genera were previously placed in Ophiomyxidae. They may belong in Ophioscolecidae instead but more data are needed.)
description: Published as part of Stöhr, Sabine, Hugall, Andrew F., Thuy, Ben & Martynov, Alexander, 2018, Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification, pp. 1-35 in European Journal of Taxonomy 416 on page 16, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.416, http://zenodo.org/record/3806109
Intercropping for conservation biological control of European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (lepidoptera: crambidae) in bell peppers
Creators: name: Bickerton, Matthew Wayne
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, is the most important insect pest of sweet peppers in New Jersey.  Management of this pest has been dependent on insecticides.  Numerous predators feed on the eggs and larvae of O. nubilalis and under certain conditions they can contribute high levels of biological control.  Maximum control by these predators can be achieved by using selective insecticides and providing nutritional resources when prey is scarce.  From 2008 to 2010, we tested the effects of bell peppers intercropped with flowering plants: dill, Anethum graveolens L.; coriander, Coriandrum sativum L.; and buckwheat, Fagopyrum escuelentum Moench on improving O. nubilalis egg predation and reducing its  damage to the fruit. By placing O. nubilalis egg masses on sentinel plants, we found that the major predators in New Jersey were the coccinellid Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer, the anthocorid Orius insidiosus Say, and chrysopid larvae, Chrysoperla sp.   Egg predation was negatively affected by aphid populations.   Aphid populations were reduced and egg predation was enhanced in plots intercropped with flowering plants.  Insecticide sprays were used to determine the compatability of a selective material, spinosad, on O. nubilalis suppression in both intercropped and non-intercropped systems.   Unsprayed fruit damage was greater in non-intercropped plots with high O. nubilalis densities than intercropped plots, but not in spinosad-treated fruit.  Thus spinosad may not be compatible with intercropping systems due to its toxicity to certain predators.   In order to test for affects of floral provisioning on biological control, gut contents of O. insidiosus were screened for DNA from the flowers, O. nubilalis, and M. persicae.  It was found that the dispersal of this predator from the flowers into the pepper crop was greatest when flowers began to senesce.   However, O. nubilalis was not detected in the guts of O. insidiosus during late-June through mid-August sampling periods.  Myzus persicae DNA was detcted, indicating that aphids were the primary food during and after peak aphid densities.  The proportion of predators feeding on aphids was similar for intercropped and non-intercropped plots, indicating that aphids were a preferred host and that flowers did not distract O. insidiosus from feeding on aphids.
Hemipepsis Dahlbom 1843
Creators: name: Enayatnia, Masoumeh
name: Rakhshani, Ehsan
name: Kroupa, Alexander S.
name: Schmid-Egger, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Pompilidae
Hemipepsis

description: Genus Hemipepsis Dahlbom, 1843
Hemipepsis Dahlbom, 1843:123. Type species: Hemipepsis capensis Dahlbom, 1843, by subsequent designation of Ashmead, 1900:187.
description: Published as part of Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Rakhshani, Ehsan, Kroupa, Alexander S. & Schmid-Egger, Christian, 2018, Updated catalogue of Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) in Iran, pp. 451-489 in Zootaxa 4394 (4) on page 477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4394.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1199890
We have become Mediterraneanites
Creators: name: Buchanan, Andrew N.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: From the Torch landings in North Africa in 1942 to D-Day in June 1944 the Mediterranean basin saw the largest overseas deployment of U.S. troops outside thePacific. Moreover, the United States, in an adversarial alliance with Britain, enjoyed considerable success there: Axis forces were driven from North Africa; Mussolini was ousted and—eventually—a liberal government established in Rome, heading offpotentially revolutionary upheavals; an American-equipped French army was returned to France. Other successes were less obvious, but nonetheless significant: American economic inducements helped keep Spain out of the war, and Washington, utilizingcovert operations as a lever for diplomatic intervention, reached into the Balkans. Everywhere American money followed American arms, establishing networks of tradestretching from the oil-rich Middle East to the Western Basin. These economic relationships, interwoven with a permanent postwar military presence, gave Washington a commanding regional position in the early years of the Cold War. Yet for all Washington’s success, American intervention in the Mediterranean haslong been viewed as a mere adjunct to campaigns in France and Germany, at best a useful preparation for the main event, at worst a protracted diversion from it. This perception is rooted both in contemporary divisions—particularly those between President Rooseveltand his chiefs of staff—and in Cold War renderings of debates between American leaders and their British counterparts. This study, based on a re-examination of the processes of Allied strategic decision-making and on a reappraisal of its relationship to broader military, political, and economic developments, reasserts the importance of the Mediterranean to the development Washington’s wartime grand strategy and to therealization of American hegemony in Western Europe. It also highlights the role of leadership, operating within historically determined circumstances, in shaping deepimpulses towards the extension of national power. Particularly during the critical months of its inception, President Roosevelt carried the drive towards active American engagement in the Mediterranean virtually single-handedly, and in the face of fierce opposition from his military advisers. His drive, I argue, was informed not only by immediate strategic and political considerations, but also by a projection of “Americanism” that would ultimately shape the postwar capitalist world and America’s hegemonic position within it.
Ophioleucida O'Hara 2017
Creators: name: Stöhr, Sabine
name: Hugall, Andrew F.
name: Thuy, Ben
name: Martynov, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea
Ophioleucida

description: Order Ophioleucida O’Hara et al., 2017
Diagnosis
Dorsal disc with granules. Radial shields with distal adradial portion exposed. Abradial genital plate with concave adradio-distal tip. Dorsal arm plates rectangular to trapezoid with straight edges. Arm spine articulations irregularly rhombic, framing large, dorsoventrally elongated muscle opening, small nerve opening ventral to articulation. Lateral arm plates fragile. Arm spine articulations commonly separated from distal plate edge by a ledge. Ventro-distal edge of lateral arm plates protruding ventralwards.
description: Published as part of Stöhr, Sabine, Hugall, Andrew F., Thuy, Ben & Martynov, Alexander, 2018, Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification, pp. 1-35 in European Journal of Taxonomy 416 on page 17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.416, http://zenodo.org/record/3806109
Hemipepsis brunnea
Creators: name: Enayatnia, Masoumeh
name: Rakhshani, Ehsan
name: Kroupa, Alexander S.
name: Schmid-Egger, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Pompilidae
Hemipepsis
Hemipepsis brunnea

description: Hemipepsis brunnea (Klug, 1834)
Pompilus brunnea Klug, 1834:pl. 38, fig. 2, ♂.— Syria.
Distribution in Iran: KERMAN (EBRAHIMI 2006), LORESTAN, SISTAN-O BALUCHESTAN (EBRAHIMI et al. 2008).
description: Published as part of Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Rakhshani, Ehsan, Kroupa, Alexander S. & Schmid-Egger, Christian, 2018, Updated catalogue of Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) in Iran, pp. 451-489 in Zootaxa 4394 (4) on page 477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4394.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1199890
Poecillastra compressa var. parvistellata Topsent 1913
Creators: name: Van Soest, Rob W. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Tetractinellida
Vulcanellidae
Poecillastra
Poecillastra compressa
Poecillastra compressa var. parvistellata topsent, 1913

description: Poecillastra compressa var. parvistellata Topsent, 1913
(Figs. 6F–G)
Poecillastra compressa var. parvistellata Topsent, 1913: 611, pl. IV figs. 1–2; Cárdenas & Rapp 2012: 28, table 4.
The variety was erected by Topsent for four fragments of a single specimen, collected by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, Stat. 461, off Gough Island, South Atlantic, 40.3333°S 9.9417°W, depth 183 m (holotype Royal Scottish Museum, RSM.1921.143.1394). It resembles the typical variety Ecionemia compressa Bowerbank (1866: 55, from Shetland, approximate coordinates 60.4667°N 1.0°W, depth 201m, holotype BMNH BK353-354) and many other Poecillastra compressa specimens from the North Atlantic in shape and spicules, but the plesiasters of the present variety are smaller (and rare), 16–13 µm vs. 52 µm in the typical variety, and the spiraster/metasters are also small, 10–13 vs. 20 µm. Cárdenas & Rapp (2012) were not certain of the status of the var. parvistellata, but in view of the allopatric occurrence I propose to elevate the variety to subspecies, to be named Poecillastra compressa subsp. parvistellata Topsent, 1913.
description: Published as part of Van Soest, Rob W. M., 2024, Correcting sponge names: nomenclatural update of lower taxa level Porifera, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 5398 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5398.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10494167
A cell specific approach for dissecting visual pulvinar function and modulation of retinal ganglion cell activity
Creators: name: Kwan, William Chin Jad
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320999
subject: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified

description: The retina and pulvinar nucleus are critical substrates which facilitates our sense of vision. How these two nodes process visual signals is still poorly understood. To bridge the knowledge gap that currently surrounds the pulvinar we employed some novel techniques to resolve questions surrounding its anatomy and its function. We also utilized these novel techniques to improve our understanding on how the retina transmits signals to the brain. The overall findings of this thesis gives us novel insights into how the brain processes vision. The techniques developed during these studies also has the potential to be translated clinically to treat the visually impaired.
Racodiscula sceptrellifera var. siliquariae Annandale 1911
Creators: name: Van Soest, Rob W. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Tetractinellida
Theonellidae
Racodiscula
Racodiscula sceptrellifera
Racodiscula sceptrellifera var. siliquariae annandale, 1911

description: Racodiscula sceptrellifera var. siliquariae Annandale, 1911
(Fig. 6H)
Racodiscula sceptrellifera var. siliquariae Annandale, 1911b: 52, pl. IX figs. 16–18; Pattanayak 2009: 12, pl. VI fig. E.
The variety was described by Annandale from materials collected by the trawler ‘Golden Crown’ in the Bay of Bengal, from off Gopalpur (Ganjam district) to off Vizagapatam, N of Chennai, East India, approximate coordinates 19.37°–17.68° / 84.99°– 83.33°E, depth 27– 54 m. The dried type specimen growing on a vermetid shell of the genus Spiroglyphus is kept in the collections of the Zoological Survey of India, ZSI, Kolkata, ZEV4652 (Pattanayak 2009: 12). The specimen was severely damaged during collection. What was left resembled the variety spiroglyphi (see below) although most of the upper surface and the microscleres were scraped-off. Nevertheless, there were a few discotriaenes, monaxones and amphiasters as loose spicules in the desma skeleton. Annandale described likely asexual buds nested among the desmas.
The typical variety was described by Carter (1881: 372 from the Gulf of Mannaar, approximate coordinates 9.13°N 79.14°E, type material from the Liverpool Museum was destroyed during WWII, but there are slides in the Natural History Museum labeled with the name Discodermia sceptrellifera). The basis for distinguishing the variety as a separate taxon is largely the occurrence on a vermetid host species of the genus Siliquaria, different from the next variety discussed, R.s. var. spiroglyphi, which appears better preserved. I propose to merge the present variety with the next one, to be named Racodiscula spiroglyphi Annandale, 1911b (see below), based on page priority, being the first mentioned variety.
description: Published as part of Van Soest, Rob W. M., 2024, Correcting sponge names: nomenclatural update of lower taxa level Porifera, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 5398 (1) on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5398.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10494167
Ophiernidae Stöhr, Hugall, Thuy & Martynov, 2018, fam. nov
Creators: name: Stöhr, Sabine
name: Hugall, Andrew F.
name: Thuy, Ben
name: Martynov, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea
Ophioleucida
Ophiernidae

description: Family Ophiernidae fam. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4FF0D5F3-DF26-4CA0-A6FD-F4C6B6696C1A
Type genus
Ophiernus Lyman, 1878a (type species: O. vallincola Lyman, 1878a).
Diagnosis
Lateral arm plates without vertical striations, but with horizontally striated proximal band (under adjacent plate). Bristle-shaped accessory arm spines. Narrow, broad, imperforate tooth sockets with flat borders. Vertebrae with radiating rib-like structures on distal muscle flanges. Lateral arm plates with several rib-like spurs on external proximal/internal distal band (where adjacent plates overlap). Arm spine articulations with weak lobes.
description: Published as part of Stöhr, Sabine, Hugall, Andrew F., Thuy, Ben & Martynov, Alexander, 2018, Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification, pp. 1-35 in European Journal of Taxonomy 416 on page 17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.416, http://zenodo.org/record/3806109
Masking and labeling problems in social network data management
Creators: name: Bhagat, Smriti
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Online social networks (OSN) contain data about persons or objects including private information and user generated labels. We study two problems on managing OSN data. Data is often shared with trusted parties. Still, data has to be adapted so that it does not trivially reveal identities of the users and their interactions. We formulate this problem of “masking” data by deliberately introducing uncertainty and trading it off with the utility of data for useful analyses. We present methods for masking static and dynamic OSN data and show high accuracy in experiments for answering a variety of queries over the masked data.    User-generated labels have many uncertainties due to missing values, synonyms, and so on. The problem of Label Set Enhancing captures the task of reducing these uncertainties, by inferring missing values, replacing labels for larger concept labels and so on. We present first known, efficient, iterative solutions to this problem where the labels form a hierarchy. Our evaluations show significant benefits in using a hierarchy for reducing uncertainty in label sets in OSN data.
Multi-component approach to understanding modern sedimentation in the North Basin of Lake Turkana, Kenya
Creators: name: Beck, Catherine C.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: The North Basin of Lake Turkana is a detritally-dominated, highly variable depositional environment that receives contributions from the perennial Omo River as well as ephemeral streams such as the Ileret and Tulu Bor Rivers. Only through understanding of the behaviors and impacts of these two distinct fluvial styles can modern sedimentation in the North Basin be realistically characterized. Four short cores from the Ileret and Tulu Bor deltas were compared with bulk fluvial channel sand samples from each system to study differences in sediment mineralogy indicative of source lithology. These data were used to document how ephemeral, flashy-discharge flooding events are preserved in the sedimentary record of Lake Turkana. Processes such as sublacustrine wave reworking and in channel eolian reworking were examined in detail to gain more insight into how post-depositional processes alter the sedimentary record. The short cores are interpreted to represent one flooding event, with detrital clays settling out of suspension for the majority of the year when these rivers are not flowing. This study showed that ephemeral rivers make significant, localized contributions to the basin and as much as 51 cm of sediment can be deposited during one flooding event. The localized nature of these depocenters makes lake-wide correlations difficult across Lake Turkana. However, by being able to identify and distinguish between localized deposition and larger, basin-wide processes like Omo River flood plumes, it may one day be possible to link records from the North and South Basins of Lake Turkana. By connecting modern sedimentation to documented fluvial discharge events and climate fluctuation producing lake level rises and falls, palaeosedimentary records from the Holocene can be deciphered, giving valuable information about the history of Lake Turkana and the ecosystems that depend upon it.
Affect and addiction
Creators: name: Barker, David J.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Affective processing has a purported role in all aspects of addiction from initiation of drug use to relapse behavior. While roles for both negative and positive affect have been reported in humans, animal models of addiction have historically lacked an analogous measure. Recently, however, it has been proposed that the ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of rodents can provide valuable insight into an animal’s affective state. Rats emit USVs in two ranges, one from 18-38 kHz that has been correlated with aversive outcomes, and another from 38-80 kHz that has been linked to appetitive processing. In order to ascertain the role of affect in an animal model of cocaine addiction, the USVs of rats were measured across two experiments. First, USVs were recorded from animals in both a high dose and low dose cocaine self-administration paradigm. The results of this experiment suggested that animals in the high dose condition emitted significantly more 50-kHz USVs, whereas subjects in the low dose group emitted significantly greater numbers of 22-kHz USVs. Given the observed dose-dependent, crossover interaction of 22- and 50-kHz USVs, it was predicted that these USVs might be linked to sub-satiety and circa-satiety drug levels, respectively. In order to explicitly test this hypothesis, animals were recorded in two clamp conditions during Experiment 2: a High Clamp and a Low Clamp. During the High Clamp condition, drug levels were fixed at a constant concentration, just above subjects’ self-determined satiety threshold, for four hours. During the Low Clamp, subjects’ drug levels were fixed at a constant, sub-satiety concentration defined as fifty percent of the satiety threshold. The results of this experiment indicated that 50-kHz USVs were tied to the drug loading period early in the session, whereas 22-kHz calls were produced when subjects’ drug levels were maintained at sub-satiety levels. Overall, given their correlation with negative and positive affective states, the observed results suggest that a duality of affective processing exists during cocaine self-administration. In fact, the presence of both positive and negative affective states might suggest that the perseveration of drug-seeking in addicted subjects is due, in large part, to the additive effects of both negative and positive reinforcement.
Communicating offense
Creators: name: Anderson, Luvell E.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: We encounter offense through various media: an intended facetious remark, a protester’s photographic image of an aborted fetus, an epithet, a stereotypical joke of a minority racial group. People say things that cause offense all of the time. And causing offense can have serious consequences, both personal and professional; the offending party is subject to termination, suspension, or social isolation and public opprobrium. Since the stakes are so high we should have a better understanding of the mechanisms of offense involved in these media and how they work. In this dissertation I focus on two mechanisms for communicating offense—i.e. racial and ethnic slurs and racial humor. First, I lay out a few distinctions concerning the particular kind of offense being targeted, objective versus subjective offense, and when state involvement might be appropriate for penalizing offensive behavior. Next, I discuss racial slurs and the conditions of their offensiveness. I offer a non-content based view of slurs’ offense, which contradicts the consensus view held by most philosophers of language and linguists working on this issue. Also, I look more closely at a purportedly non-offensive use of slurring language, so-called linguistic appropriation, and determine that appropriated uses are permissible in certain settings only under certain conditions. And finally, I propose a tri-partite analysis of racial jokes that provides conditions for when they are merely racial, racially insensitive, or racist.
Dynamics and adaptive significance of the inducible trophic polymorphism of tetrahymena vorax
Creators: name: Banerji, Aabir
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: This dissertation provides a four-part synopsis of the methodology, results, and conclusions of an integrated set of experiments designed to explore the ecology of inducible trophic polymorphisms (ITPs). These experiments were conducted using isogenic populations of the polymorphic freshwater hymenostome ciliate, Tetrahymena vorax Kidder, in combination with other protozoa, bacteria, algae, and micro-invertebrates. Chapter 1 addresses the autecological significance of ITPs, revealing some of their potential costs and benefits to individuals in the context of competition under varying resource regimes. Chapter 2 demonstrates how ITPs can give rise to novel trait-mediated indirect interactions that affect community structure and population dynamics. Chapter 3 elucidates the extent to which the population dynamics of species exhibiting ITPs are affected by the trophic complexity of their habitat. Chapter 4 presents a detailed review of indirect offenses, a versatile adaptive strategy that ITPs can give rise to where inducing agents are symbionts. The contents of these chapters provide unique insights into the link between ITPs and related phenomena – such as cannibalism, intraguild predation, omnivory, and expanded diet breadth – and open new avenues of inquiry regarding the importance of the genetic and functional diversity of natural communities.
The influence of driver sight distance on crash rates and driver speed at modern roundabouts In the United States
Creators: name: Angelastro, Michael
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: The majority of the existing speed and crash models in use today were developed based upon data from modern roundabouts located outside the United States. These models utilized geometric and operational characterizes as independent variables to predict passenger vehicle speed and crashes at modern roundabouts. This research intended to provide critical insights into the relationship between available diver sight distance and driver speeds and crash rates.     This research will provide a tool for researchers, traffic engineers and highway designers to evaluate existing roundabouts to improve safety at these facilities. This research investigated the driver sight distance as an independent variable to predict passenger vehicle speeds and vehicle crash rates at roundabouts in the United States based on data collected at twenty-six (26) single-lane roundabouts. Three (3) regression models indicate driver sight distance is a statistically significant predictor of 85th percentile approach speeds, 85th percentile entrance speed and the difference between the 85th percentile approach speed & the 85th percentile entrance speeds at the entrance to a roundabout. The speed models are found to explain between 61% and 91% of the variability in the 85th percentile approach speeds, 85th percentile entrance speed and the difference between the 85th percentile approach speed & the 85th percentile entrance speeds. The five (5) crash rate models developed in conjunction with this research have R2 values from 0.26 to 0.40.  The models developed in conjunction with this research produced statistically significant crash models utilizing driver sight distance as an independent variable. This research showed that vehicle speeds and crash rates at modern roundabouts in the United States are related to driver sight distance.
Hemipepsis semenovi
Creators: name: Enayatnia, Masoumeh
name: Rakhshani, Ehsan
name: Kroupa, Alexander S.
name: Schmid-Egger, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Pompilidae
Hemipepsis
Hemipepsis semenovi

description: Hemipepsis semenovi (Gussakowskij, 1932).
Mygnimia semenovi Gussakowskij, 1932:296, ♀ ♂.— Iran (ZIN?).
Distribution in Iran: FARS (EBRAHIMI et al. 2008), GOLESTAN, KERMAN, WEST AZERBAIJAN (EBRAHIMI et al. 2008), HORMOZgAN (WAHIS 2000; EBRAHIMI et al. 2008), KERMAN (GUSSAKOVSKIJ 1932).
description: Published as part of Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Rakhshani, Ehsan, Kroupa, Alexander S. & Schmid-Egger, Christian, 2018, Updated catalogue of Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) in Iran, pp. 451-489 in Zootaxa 4394 (4) on page 477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4394.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1199890
Ophioleucidae Matsumoto 1915
Creators: name: Stöhr, Sabine
name: Hugall, Andrew F.
name: Thuy, Ben
name: Martynov, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea
Ophiurida
Ophioleucidae

description: Family Ophioleucidae Matsumoto, 1915 (restricted)
Type genus
Ophioleuce Koehler, 1904 (type species: O. seminudum Koehler, 1904).
Other genera
Ophiopallas Koehler, 1904, Ophiopyren Lyman, 1878a, Ophiostriatus Madsen, 1983.
Diagnosis
Tooth sockets as round holes with indistinct borders. Vertebrae with smooth distal muscle flanges. No accessory arm spines. Lateral arm plates with vertical striations, single spur on dorsal part of external proximal/internal distal edge (where adjacent plates overlap). Arm spine articulations with swollen lobes.
description: Published as part of Stöhr, Sabine, Hugall, Andrew F., Thuy, Ben & Martynov, Alexander, 2018, Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification, pp. 1-35 in European Journal of Taxonomy 416 on page 17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.416, http://zenodo.org/record/3806109
Amphilepidida O'Hara 2017
Creators: name: Stöhr, Sabine
name: Hugall, Andrew F.
name: Thuy, Ben
name: Martynov, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea
Amphilepidida

description: Order Amphilepidida O’Hara et al., 2017
Diagnosis
Ventral end of dental plate laterally tapered. Infradental papillae. Abradial genital plate with concave adradio-distal tip. Dorsal and ventral lobes of arm spine articulations parallel (except in Ophiotrichidae).
description: Published as part of Stöhr, Sabine, Hugall, Andrew F., Thuy, Ben & Martynov, Alexander, 2018, Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification, pp. 1-35 in European Journal of Taxonomy 416 on page 17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.416, http://zenodo.org/record/3806109
Intertextual strategies in African and Caribbean fiction
Creators: name: Aloo, Enock
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: “Intertextual Strategies in African and Caribbean Fictions” is concerned with modes of narrative emplotment in post-independence writing in Africa and the Caribbean. In the two regions, anti-colonial narratives have been dominant for some time. These self-determination narratives construct what David Scott calls a “space of experience” where the present has triumphed over the oppression of the past and looks toward a “horizon of expectation” in the post-independence period. These Romance narratives, the work argues along with Scott, have lost their explanatory value.  This is because questions that those in the post-liberation period ask have changed, and so the Romance narratives no longer provide answers. The dissertation pays close attention to primary texts and authors. The discussion also includes theoretical and critical texts from both Africa and the Caribbean. It uses Sylvia Wynter’s The Hills of Hebron (1962), George Lamming’s Water with Berries (1971), Grace Ogot’ The Strange Bride (1989), and Ngugi wa Thiongo’s Matigari (1987) to show that the Romance narrative mode of emploting the movement of history is inconsistent with the issues which concern post-independence problem-space. In its consideration of these works, it argues that the problem-space of anti-colonial nationalists should not be taken as a monument entrenched in stone that is designed by its creators to have a fixed meaning. Of course, the connection between anti-colonial nationalists and autonomy is vital; but the novels examined here show that the end of colonial rule also produced significant changes in the consideration of historical form and mode of narrative emplotment. The work argues that the transition from colonial rule to independence demands the emplotment mode of tragedy. It highlights the role of tragedy in historical change at the same time as it demonstrates that the novels discussed here call for a re-imagination in the post-independence problem-space.
Sidonops alba var. minor Hentschel 1912
Creators: name: Van Soest, Rob W. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Tetractinellida
Geodiidae
Sidonops
Sidonops alba
Sidonops alba var. minor hentschel, 1912

description: Sidonops alba var. minor Hentschel, 1912
(Fig. 6K)
Sidonops alba var. minor Hentschel, 1912: 315, pl. 17 fig. 5.
The variety was described by Hentschel from Sungu Barkai, Aru Islands, Indonesia, 6.2946°S 134.4831°E, depth 15 m (syntypes SMF 1512, 1550 and 1565, cf. Barnich & Jabussen 2006: 137). Kieschnick (1896: 529) described Synops alba (currently Geodia alba) from Ternate, Halmaheira, Indonesia, 0.85°N 127.2917°E (holotype SMF 678, cf. Barnich & Janussen 2006: 128), using four lines lacking sufficient details to recognize it among the many Geodiidae, but Thiele (1900: 46, pl. II fig. 16) provided an extensive redescription of Kieschnick’s material. For 13 similar specimens from the Aru Islands, Hentschel (1912) erected a variety minor focusing on small details of e.g. spicule lengths. The main distinctive feature of the species, i.e. the presence of (pro-)mesotriaenes, is present in both the typical variety and the var. minor. I consider the small spicular differences insufficient for specific distinction and accordingly propose the variety minor to be a junior synonym of a single species Geodia alba (Kieschnick, 1896).
description: Published as part of Van Soest, Rob W. M., 2024, Correcting sponge names: nomenclatural update of lower taxa level Porifera, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 5398 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5398.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10494167
Stelletta agulhana var. paucistella Burton 1926
Creators: name: Van Soest, Rob W. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Tetractinellida
Ancorinidae
Stelletta
Stelletta agulhana
Stelletta agulhana var. paucistella burton, 1926

description: Stelletta agulhana var. paucistella Burton, 1926
Stelletta agulhana var. paucistella Burton, 1926: 6 (no illustration); Samaai 2006: 5, Table 1 (listed only).
The variety was described by Burton from the Agulhas Bank, South Africa, 29.7367°S 31.3458°E, depth 50 m (syntypes BMNH 1924.5.1.20–26, and 2 slides). It differs from the typical variety S. agulhana Von Lendenfeld (1907: 269, from Agulhas Bank, South Africa, 35.4467°S 20.9367°E, depth 84 m, type material consisting of slides BMNH 1908.2.29.138–142) in the paucity of the large oxyasters, but all other features were the same in both varieties. The typical variety was also reported by Burton from the same locality as the present variety. The fact that the large oxyasters were present, be it in small numbers, is hardly sufficient to recognize two distinct taxa. In view of the sympatric occurrence, I propose to merge the varieties in a single species to be named Stelletta agulhana Von Lendenfeld, 1907.
There is perhaps reason for doubt about this name, because Burton l.c. and Lévi (1963: 232) did not find any anatriaenes in their specimens identified as S. agulhana, whereas these were reported as common in the type material by Von Lendenfeld l.c. and Samaai & Gibbons (2005: 12). The latter authors suggested that Burton’s and Lévi’s specimens could belong to a closely related but separate species. If that would be the case, the name paucistella Burton, 1926 would be available for it. I refrain from formalizing this possibility until a proper study of the variability of these Stelletta agulhana specimens has been made.
description: Published as part of Van Soest, Rob W. M., 2024, Correcting sponge names: nomenclatural update of lower taxa level Porifera, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 5398 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5398.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10494167
Sphex flava
Creators: name: Enayatnia, Masoumeh
name: Rakhshani, Ehsan
name: Kroupa, Alexander S.
name: Schmid-Egger, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Pompilidae
Sphex
Sphex flava

description: Mygnimia flava (Fabricius, 1775)
Sphex flava Fabricius, 1775:352.—India orientali.
Distribution in Iran: EAST AZERBAIJAN (EBRAHIMI et al. 2008), GOLESTAN (EBRAHIMI 2006).
description: Published as part of Enayatnia, Masoumeh, Rakhshani, Ehsan, Kroupa, Alexander S. & Schmid-Egger, Christian, 2018, Updated catalogue of Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) in Iran, pp. 451-489 in Zootaxa 4394 (4) on page 477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4394.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1199890
Corambis foeldvarii Szuts 2002
Creators: name: Patoleta, Barbara
name: Żabka, Marek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Corambis
Corambis foeldvarii

description: Corambis foeldvarii Szűts, 2002
Figs 3, 9
Corambis foeldvarii Szűts, 2002: 29–31, figs 5, 10, 19–21.
Diagnosis
Differs from other species of the genus by its slightly pointed palpal tibial apophysis, posteriorly oriented female copulatory openings and the lateral location of its accessory glands (Fig. 3).
Material examined
Paratype NEW CALEDONIA • 1 ♀; Maré; 21.49309° S, 167.9967° E; HNHM 2014 a.
Other material
NEW CALEDONIA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv.; Farino; 21.66399° S, 165.77493° E; 25 Aug. 1982; HNHM 2015 • 1 ♀, 2 juv.; Bourail; 21.565° S, 165.51025° E; 26–27 Jan. 1977; HNHM 2005 • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Maré; 21.49309° S, 167.9967° E; őserdő [rainforest]; 7 Jun 1986; HNHM 2017 • 1 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 5 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HNHM 2007 • 2 ♂♂; Rivière Bleue; 22.1051° S, 166.70° E; 21 Oct. 1992; Chazeau, Guilbert and Bonnet de Larbogne leg.; dense forest; fogging; MNHN • 1 ♀, 1 juv.; Pindai; 21.35° S, 164.96666° E; 5 Jan. 1993; Chazeau, Giulbert and Bonnet de Larbogne det.; sclerophyllic forest; fogging; MNHN • 1 ♀; Col dʼAmieu; 21°35′ S, 165°48′ E; 440–470 m a.s.l.; 7 Jan. 2007; R. Dobosz leg.; beating; USMB • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Mt Dzumac; 22°02′ S, 166°28′ E; 913 m a.s.l.; 29 Dec. 2006; R. Dobosz leg.; USMB • 1 ♂; Yahoué; 22.12° S, 166.30° E; 100 m a.s.l.; Nov 1986; N.L.H. Kraus leg.; AMNH • 1 ♂, 1 juv.; Houte Riviere Blue track to La Trauchae; 22°06′ S, 166°38′ E; 300 m a.s.l.; 21 Dec. 2006; R. Dobosz leg.; USMB • 1 ♀; Cap Ndoua; 22°23′ S, 166°55′ E; 50 m a.s.l.; 29 Nov. 2004; S.G. Write leg.; rainforest; sweeping; WAM 11809 • 1 ♀; Cap Ndoua; 22°23′ S, 166°55′ E; 50 m a.s.l.; 28–29 Nov. 2004; C. Burwell and S. Write leg.; rainforest; yellow pan; WAM 11808.
Description
Female (first description)
Cephalothorax reddish-brown, sides brown, along central part with longitudinal darker line. Hairiness delicate, light grey. Abdomen beige with delicate chevrons, sides contrasting brown. Clypeus and chelicerae brown, maxillae and labium brownish, sternum contrastingly lighter, venter beige. First legs brownish, patellae with dorsal fringe. Other legs light grey, delicate, not distinctive. Epigyne poorly sclerotized, copulatory openings oriented posteriorly. In comparison to other species, insemination ducts wide and longest. Spermathecae two-chambered (Fig. 3 H–J). Dimensions: CL 1.40, CW 0.80, CH 0.36, EFL 0.58, AEW 0.69, PEW 0.69, AL 2.37, AW 0.62.
description: Published as part of Patoleta, Barbara & Żabka, Marek, 2019, Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of New Caledonia: Genus Corambis Simon, 1901, pp. 1-18 in European Journal of Taxonomy 578 on pages 5-7, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.578, http://zenodo.org/record/3552130
Proactive stakeholder management
Creators: name: Ali, Mohammad Abbas
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: In the last few decades, an important theme in organizational theory has been the increased organizational vulnerability as they operate in an intrusive environment. No matter how theorists and scholars try to solve the issue of environmental interference, there is unanimity in the belief that organizations are now influenced by an increasing number of entities, and therefore, firms need to accommodate specific demands of these several groups. This extra burden on the resources of individual organizations, in an ever-changing environment, necessitates the need for these firms to have coalitions in order to survive, and the need to engage in multifaceted and intricate ‘transactions’ within their environment.  The overall argument of the study is that business organizations need to have a proactive stakeholder orientation to create structures and mechanisms that will lead to consensus building and mutual benefits for organizations and their stakeholders. The study also explores four research questions: Who are proactive stakeholder organizations? What are the dynamics of stakeholder management? How are stakeholder organizations created and perpetuated? And what are the strategic benefits of stakeholder management?  The study is a qualitative inductive study that utilizes the precepts and techniques of grounded theory development and case study methodologies. The data in the study is based on 52 in-depth interviews, observations and field notes accumulated through site visits, organizational documents like annual reports, employee manuals, and policy manuals etc., organizational websites, and newspaper and journal articles. The study finds that: proactive stakeholder management is a viable business strategy; stakeholder organizations are engineered through people management policies; organizational culture and trust between the organization and its stakeholders plays crucial role in creating proactive stakeholder organizations; organizational stakeholders are recognized based on both dynamic and fixed features; conflict resolution in proactive stakeholder organizations is based on a balanced approach; and there is a dynamic relationship between value based business and entrepreneurship.   The study contributes to research on proactive stakeholder management by studying the stakeholder phenomenon as a whole in its social context.
Transformation function tests
Creators: name: Akram, Kaveh
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: Econometric models usually relate a known function of a dependent variable, Y ,  with some observable covariates X. A misspeci ed transformation function, however,  can cause inconsistency. The estimated parameters will be biased and inconsistent.  The marginal e ects and the elasticities calculated using these estimated parameters  can be far from the truth and any inference based on them will be misleading.  The problem of misspeci cation can be resolved simply by estimating the transformation  function. There are di erent methods of estimating the model based on the  parametric assumptions on the transformation function, or the distribution of the error  term, or both. In a completely parametric setup, both the transformation function  and the distribution of the error term are known up to a vector of parameters. The  Box-Cox transformation is a good example of using parametric transformation functions.  It is also possible, however, to estimate the transformation function without  parametric assumptions.    In this dissertation two Hausman tests for transformation functions are proposed  where validity does not depend on distributional assumptions. These tests compare  estimators that remain consistent regardless of the transformation function to an estimator whose consistency depends on the transformation function. The properties  of these test statistics are studied in  nite sample and under di erent designs.  The behavior of these test statistics is studied both when the adopted transformation  function is correct and when the true transformation function deviates from the  hypothesized one.    This dissertation applies the semiparametric transformation function test to study  reported crimes in the U.S. metropolitan areas. Most studies in this literature adopt  a logarithmic transformation of reported crimes. There is no theoretical justi cation  for this speci c function. In addition, it is likely that city level crime is misreported  (underreported). Therefore, testing is particularly relevant. I show that, although  for particular types of crimes the log function is appropriate, the same log function  cannot be used for broadly de ned categories of crimes.