cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Increased fire resistance of a steel beam using oriented standard board cladding-a thermal analysis
Creators: name: Šejna, Jakub
name: Cábová, Kamila
name: Křišťanová, Marie
name: Wald, František
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fire safety engineering

description: This article presents the possibility of increasing the fire resistance of a steel member with the use of an OSB (Oriented Standard Board) cladding. Correct design and dimensioning of the OSB cladding to fulfil the targeted fire resistance of the steel member is the main challenge with this type of cladding. The problem lies in the addition of combustible material on the surface of the steel member. When the wood-based material burns, additional heat is generated, and this raises the temperature of the surrounding gas. However, wood material benefits from its extraordinary behaviors when exposed to fire. The burned part forms a char layer that insulates the solid materials below it. It is necessary to ensure the integrity of the cladding and to prevent its premature failure. The aim of the work presented in this article was to determine the functionality of an OSB cladding as a fire protection layer for a steel beam. For this purpose, an FE (Finite Element) model of the heat transfer is developed and is validated against measured data from a fire test in a horizontal furnace. The progression of the charred layer is determined from the validated FE model, and is compared with the standard linear charring rate.
Calcium Supplementation Increases Blood Creatinine Concentration in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Creators: name: Melamed, Michal L.
name: Bostick, Roberd M.
name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: Baron, John A.
name: Barry, Elizabeth L.
name: Mott, Leila A.
name: Summers, Robert W.
name: Bresalier, Robert S.
name: Rees, Judith R.
name: Ivanova, Anastasia
name: Ahnen, Dennis J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundCalcium supplements are widely used among older adults for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. However, their effect on creatinine levels and kidney function has not been well studied.MethodsWe investigated the effect of calcium supplementation on blood creatinine concentration in a randomized controlled trial of colorectal adenoma chemoprevention conducted between 2004–2013 at 11 clinical centers in the United States. Healthy participants (N = 1,675) aged 45–75 with a history of colorectal adenoma were assigned to daily supplementation with calcium (1200 mg, as carbonate), vitamin D3 (1000 IU), both, or placebo for three or five years. Changes in blood creatinine and total calcium concentration were measured after one year of treatment and multiple linear regression was used to estimate effects on creatinine concentrations.ResultsAfter one year of treatment, blood creatinine was 0.013±0.006 mg/dL higher on average among participants randomized to calcium compared to placebo after adjustment for other determinants of creatinine (P = 0.03). However, the effect of calcium treatment appeared to be larger among participants who consumed the most alcohol (2–6 drinks/day) or whose estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 at baseline. The effect of calcium treatment on creatinine was only partially mediated by a concomitant increase in blood total calcium concentration and was independent of randomized vitamin D treatment. There did not appear to be further increases in creatinine after the first year of calcium treatment.ConclusionsAmong healthy adults participating in a randomized clinical trial, daily supplementation with 1200 mg of elemental calcium caused a small increase in blood creatinine. If confirmed, this finding may have implications for clinical and public health recommendations for calcium supplementation.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00153816
Oscillations in cool-dwarf stars through the ESPRESSO spectrograph
Creators: name: Costa, Rúben
name: Campante, Tiago L.
name: Monteiro, Mário J. P. F. G.
name: Moedas, Nuno
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Asteroseismology has become an increasingly relevant way to determine the global properties of stars and peer into their inner structure, both through advances in the observational and theoretical front. Our work takes us to its observational frontier by focusing on ε Indi, the coolest dwarf for which asteroseismic modes have so far been detected; and, from a theoretical perspective, performs a detailed study of stellar and asteroseismic modeling. We focus on the surface term, a systematic error in the oscillation frequencies between models and observations. To do this, we generated over 2,000 stellar tracks until the end of the main sequence using the stellar evolution code MESA, computing asteroseismic modes for each model with GYRE. We then performed model optimization with AIMS by comparing our grid of models with the observations for ε Indi, making use of the different prescriptions for the surface-term correction available to us. We investigated the impact that the different choices of model physics, such as the atmosphere and convective efficiency, can have on the mode frequencies. We find that the different surface-term corrections give consistent results with respect to the model optimization.
Phase diagram of inhomogeneous percolation with a defect plane
Creators: name: Iliev, G. K.
name: van Rensburg, E. J. Janse
name: Madras, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B43, 60K35

description: Let ${\mathbb{L}}$ be the $d$-dimensional hypercubic lattice and let ${\mathbb{L}}_0$ be an $s$-dimensional sublattice, with $2 \leq s < d$. We consider a model of inhomogeneous bond percolation on ${\mathbb{L}}$ at densities $p$ and $σ$, in which edges in ${\mathbb{L}}\setminus {\mathbb{L}}_0$ are open with probability $p$, and edges in ${\mathbb{L}}_0$ open with probability $σ$. We generalizee several classical results of (homogeneous) bond percolation to this inhomogeneous model. The phase diagram of the model is presented, and it is shown that there is a subcritical regime for $σ< σ^*(p)$ and $pp_c(d)$, and a surface supercritical regime for $pσ^*(p)$. We show that $σ^*(p)$ is a strictly decreasing function for $p\in[0,p_c(d)]$, with a jump discontinuity at $p_c(d)$. We extend the Aizenman-Barsky differential inequalities for homogeneous percolation to the inhomogeneous model and use them to prove that the susceptibility is finite inside the subcritical phase. We prove that the cluster size distribution decays exponentially in the subcritical phase, and sub-exponentially in the supercritical phases. For a model of lattice animals with a defect plane, the free energy is related to functions of the inhomogeneous percolation model, and we show how the percolation transition implies a non-analyticity in the free energy of the animal model. Finally, we present simulation estimates of the critical curve $σ^*(p)$.
Caregivers’ Health Literacy and Gaps in Children’s Medicaid Enrollment: Findings from the Carolina Oral Health Literacy Study
Creators: name: Baker, A. Diane
name: Rozier, R. Gary
name: Divaris, Kimon
name: Lee, Jessica Y.
name: DeWalt, Darren A.
name: Gizlice, Ziya
name: Vann, William F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Background and ObjectivesRecent evidence supports a link between caregivers’ health literacy and their children’s health and use of health services. Disruptions in children’s health insurance coverage have been linked to poor health care and outcomes. We examined young children’s Medicaid enrollment patterns in a well-characterized cohort of child/caregivers dyads and investigated the association of caregivers’ low health literacy with the incidence of enrollment gaps.MethodsWe relied upon Medicaid enrollment data for 1208 children (mean age = 19 months) enrolled in the Carolina Oral Health Literacy project during 2008–09. The median follow-up was 25 months. Health literacy was measured using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS). Analyses relied on descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate methods based on Poisson modeling.FindingsOne-third of children experienced one or more enrollment gaps; most were short in duration (median = 5 months). The risk of gaps was inversely associated with caregivers’ age, with a 2% relative risk decrease for each added year. Low health literacy was associated with a modestly elevated risk increase [Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) = 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88–1.57)] for enrollment disruptions; however, this estimate was substantially elevated among caregivers with less than a high school education [IRR = 1.52 (95% CI 0.99–2.35); homogeneity p<0.2].ConclusionsOur findings provide initial support for a possible role of caregivers’ health literacy as a determinant of children’s Medicaid enrollment gaps. Although the association between health literacy and enrollment gaps was not confirmed statistically, we found that it was markedly stronger among caregivers with low educational attainment. This population, as well as young caregivers, may be the most vulnerable to the negative effects of low health literacy.
Additional file 2 of The clinical evaluation of electroacupuncture combined with mindfulness meditation for overweight and obesity: study protocol for a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial
Creators: name: Chung, Ching Yee
name: Yang, Angela Wei Hong
name: Foe, Alexander
name: Li, Mingdi
name: Lenon, George Binh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2. Participant Information Sheet/Consent Form.
Hydrodroma rheophila Cook 1967
Creators: name: Smit, Harry
name: Pešić, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hydrodromidae
Hydrodroma
Hydrodroma rheophila

description: Hydrodroma rheophila Cook, 1967
Material examined. 1/0/0, Little Lumotok stream, Sayap, Borneo, Malaysia, 6° 0 9.497 N, 116°34.027 E, alt. 1069 m asl., 17.ix.2012; 0/1(juvenile)/0, Kibamabangan River at waterfall, Inobong, Crocker Range, Borneo, Malaysia, 5° 51.280 N 116° 0 8.417 E, alt. 433 m asl, 18-ix-2013.
Remarks. Pešić et al. (2010) noted that the variability of populations from different regions in the whole distribution area needs to be examined by using a molecular approach to clarify taxonomy of this widely distributed species.
Distribution. India, Indonesia, Oman, Iran, Taiwan.
description: Published as part of Smit, Harry & Pešić, Vladimir, 2014, Water mites from Mount Kinabalu and the Crocker Range, Borneo, Malaysia (Acari: Hydrachnidia), with the description of 34 new species, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 3876 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3876.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/287281
Characterization of Subtle Brain Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Hedgehog Pathway Antagonist-Induced Cleft Lip and Palate
Creators: name: Pecevich, Stephen J.
name: Cofer, Gary P.
name: Ament, Jacob J.
name: Holloway, Hunter T.
name: Budin, Francois
name: Johnson, G. Allan
name: O'Leary-Moore, Shonagh K.
name: Everson, Joshua L.
name: Lipinski, Robert J.
name: Sulik, Kathleen K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Subtle behavioral and cognitive deficits have been documented in patient cohorts with orofacial clefts (OFCs). Recent neuroimaging studies argue that these traits are associated with structural brain abnormalities but have been limited to adolescent and adult populations where brain plasticity during infancy and childhood may be a confounding factor. Here, we employed high resolution magnetic resonance microscopy to examine primary brain morphology in a mouse model of OFCs. Transient in utero exposure to the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway antagonist cyclopamine resulted in a spectrum of facial dysmorphology, including unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate, cleft of the secondary palate only, and a non-cleft phenotype marked by midfacial hypoplasia. Relative to controls, cyclopamine-exposed fetuses exhibited volumetric differences in several brain regions, including hypoplasia of the pituitary gland and olfactory bulbs, hyperplasia of the forebrain septal region, and expansion of the third ventricle. However, in affected fetuses the corpus callosum was intact and normal division of the forebrain was observed. This argues that temporally-specific Hh signaling perturbation can result in typical appearing OFCs in the absence of holoprosencephaly—a condition classically associated with Hh pathway inhibition and frequently co-occurring with OFCs. Supporting the premise that some forms of OFCs co-occur with subtle brain malformations, these results provide a possible ontological basis for traits identified in clinical populations. They also argue in favor of future investigations into genetic and/or environmental modulation of the Hh pathway in the etiopathogenesis of orofacial clefting.
Lognormal random field approximations to LIBOR market models
Creators: name: Kurbanmuradov, Orazgeldy
name: Sabelfeld, Karl
name: Schoenmakers, John G. M.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: LIBOR interest rate models
subject: random field simulation
subject: Monte Carlo simulation of stochastic differential equations
subject: 60H10
subject: 65C05
subject: 90A09

description: We study several approximations for the LIBOR market models presented in [1, 2, 5]. Special attention is payed to log-normal approximations and their simulation by using direct simulation methods for log-normal random fields. In contrast to the conventional numerical solution of SDE's this approach simulates the solution directly at the desired point and is therefore much more effcient. We carry out a path-wise comparison of the approximations and give applications to the valuation of the swaption and the trigger swap.
Variabilidad espacial de alcalinidad total durante eventos de surgencia durante primavera - verano de 2005 en Bahía de San Quintín, Baja California, México /
Creators: name: Lara Espinosa, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Oceanografía||Alcalinidad||San Quintín, Bahía de||Oceanología||Tesis.
subject: GC150.5 L37 2007

description: En este estudio se midió la variabilidad espacial de la alcanilidad total (At) durante eventos de sugerencia en Bahía San Quintín (BSQ). Además, se identificaron los procesos más importantes que modificaron cambios en su concentración.
Oxygen diffusion pathways in brownmillerite SrCoO2.5: Influence of structure and chemical potential
Creators: name: Mitra, Chandrima
name: Meyer, Tricia
name: Lee, Ho Nyung
name: Reboredo, Fernando A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To design and discover new materials for next-generation energy materials such as solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), a fundamental understanding of their ionic properties and behaviors is essential. The potential applicability of a material for SOFCs is critically determined by the activation energy barrier of oxygen along various diffusion pathways. In this work, we investigate interstitial-oxygen (Oi) diffusion in brownmillerite oxide SrCoO2.5, employing a first-principles approach. Our calculations indicate highly anisotropic ionic diffusion pathways, which result from its anisotropic crystal structure. The one-dimensional-ordered oxygen vacancy channels are found to provide the easiest diffusion pathway with an activation energy barrier height of 0.62 eV. The directions perpendicular to the vacancy channels have higher energy barriers for Oint diffusion. In addition, we have studied migration barriers for oxygen vacancies that could be present as point defects within the material. This in turn could also facilitate the transport of oxygen. Interestingly, for oxygen vacancies, the lowest barrier height was found to occur within the octahedral layer with an energy of 0.82 eV. Our results imply that interstitial migration would be highly one-dimensional in nature. Oxygen vacancy transport, on the other hand, could preferentially occur in the two-dimensional octahedral plane.
Προσδιορισμός φαρμάκων και ναρκωτικών σε δείγματα οστών: σύγχρονα δεδομένα
Creators: name: Ταφαρλή, Θεοδώρα Γεωργίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Οστά
Φάρμακα
Ναρκωτικά
Bones
Drugs
Drugs of abuse

description: Η ιατροδικαστική τοξικολογία είναι η επιστήμη της ανάλυσης βιολογικών δειγμάτων προκειμένου να εντοπιστούν και να ποσοτικοποιηθούν τα ξενοβιοτικά για να βοηθήσουν στην επίλυση εγκληματικών και άλλων υποθέσεων. Τα πιο κοινά δείγματα που συλλέγονται μετά θάνατον για ανάλυση περιλαμβάνουν το αίμα, σωματικά υγρά (όπως ούρα, χολή, γαστρικό περιεχόμενο) και επιλεγμένα όργανα (όπως το ήπαρ και τα νεφρά). Ωστόσο, σε περιπτώσεις εκτεταμένης αποσύνθεσης, αφαίμαξης ή κατακερματισμού του σώματος μπορεί να είναι διαθέσιμοι μόνο ιστοί. Επιπλέον, σε περιπτώσεις περιορισμένων υπολειμμάτων, μόνο μυς, μαλλιά, δόντια ή οστά μπορεί να είναι διαθέσιμα για εξέταση. Τα δείγματα οστών αποτελούν ένα σημαντικό υλικό για την ανάλυση φαρμάκων και ναρκωτικών σε περιπτώσεις απουσίας άλλων βιολογικών υγρών και οργάνων. Λόγω της ανατομίας τους, τα οστά λειτουργούν ως «αποθήκη» για την εναπόθεση φαρμάκων και ναρκωτικών και ως εκ τούτου, πολλές μελέτες έχουν διεξαχθεί τα τελευταία χρόνια για τον προσδιορισμό ουσιών τοξικολογικού ενδιαφέροντος στα οστά. Σύμφωνα με αυτές τις μελέτες δεν φαίνεται να υπάρχει συσχέτιση ανάμεσα στην συγκέντρωση της ουσίας στο αίμα και στα οστά. Χρειάζονται περαιτέρω μελέτες ώστε να εξαχθούν ασφαλή και αξιόπιστα αποτελέσματα.
description: Forensic toxicology is the science of analyzing biological specimens in order to identify and quantify xenobiotics to help solve criminal cases. The most common postmortem collected specimens for analysis include blood, body fluids (such as urine, bile, gastric contents) and tissues (such as liver and kidney). However, in cases of extensive decomposition, exsanguinations or body fragmentation only tissues may be available. Furthermore, in instances of limited remains, only muscle, hair, tooth or bones may be available for examination. Bone samples are one of the most important materials for drugs analysis in the absence of suitable body fluids and organs. Bone plays a repository role for drugs, because many blood vessels are distributed throughout the bone marrow. Therefore, many studies have been conducted in order to determine drugs and drugs of abuse in this matrix. In these studies, authors have concluded that there is no correlation between blood and bone concentration. Further studies should be performed in order to export reliably results.
Additional file 1 of Technological advances in the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease in dogs and cats: a systematic review
Creators: name: Freitas, Natália Erdens Maron
name: Habib, Fernanda Lopes
name: Santos, Emily Ferreira
name: Silva, Ângelo Antônio Oliveira
name: Fontes, Natália Dantas
name: Leony, Leonardo Maia
name: Sampaio, Daniel Dias
name: de Almeida, Marcio Cerqueira
name: Dantas-Torres, Filipe
name: Santos, Fred Luciano Neves
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).
Weak Solutions to joined nonlinear Systems of PDES
Creators: name: Bubner, Nikolaus
name: Horn, Werner
name: Sokołowski, Jan
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Systems of nonlinear PDEs with discontinuous coefficients
subject: modelling shape memory alloy actuators
subject: 35Q72
subject: 35R05

description: We establish an existence and uniqueness result for a system which consists of a finite number of coupled nonlinear systems. In each system we have two highly nonlinearly coupled equations. Such problems arise if one couples thin rods of shape memory alloys, and each of the rods is described by Falk's Landau-Ginzburg model. The two equations stand for the momentum and energy balance, respectively.
Cholera and Shigellosis: Different Epidemiology but Similar Responses to Climate Variability
Creators: name: Yunus, Md.
name: Emch, Michael
name: Cash, Benjamin A.
name: Rodó, Xavier
name: Pascual, Mercedes
name: Faruque, Abu S. G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundComparative studies of the associations between different infectious diseases and climate variability, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, are lacking. Diarrheal illnesses, particularly cholera and shigellosis, provide an important opportunity to apply a comparative approach. Cholera and shigellosis have significant global mortality and morbidity burden, pronounced differences in transmission pathways and pathogen ecologies, and there is an established climate link with cholera. In particular, the specific ecology of Vibrio cholerae is often invoked to explain the sensitivity of that disease to climate.Methods and FindingsThe extensive surveillance data of the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh are used here to revisit the known associations between cholera and climate, and to address their similarity to previously unexplored patterns for shigellosis. Monthly case data for both the city of Dhaka and a rural area known as Matlab are analyzed with respect to their association with El Niño and flooding. Linear correlations are examined between flooding and cumulative cases, as well as for flooding and El Niño. Rank-correlation maps are also computed between disease cases in the post-monsoon epidemic season and sea surface temperatures in the Pacific. Similar climate associations are found for both diseases and both locations. Increased cases follow increased monsoon flooding and increased sea surface temperatures in the preceding winter corresponding to an El Niño event.ConclusionsThe similarity in association patterns suggests a systemic breakdown in population health with changing environmental conditions, in which climate variability acts primarily through increasing the exposure risk of the human population. We discuss these results in the context of the on-going debate on the relative importance of the environmental reservoir vs. secondary transmission, as well as the implications for the use of El Niño as an early indicator of flooding and enteric disease risk.
Orbital Kondo effect in a parallel double quantum dot
Creators: name: Bao, Zhi-qiang
name: Guo, Ai-Min
name: Sun, Qing-feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a theoretical model to study the orbital Kondo effect in a parallel double quantum dot (DQD). Recently, pseudospin-resolved transport spectroscopy of the orbital Kondo effect in a DQD has been experimentally reported. The experiment revealed that when interdot tunneling is ignored, there exist two and one Kondo peaks in the conductance-bias curve for the pseudospin-non-resolved and pseudospin-resolved cases, respectively. Our theoretical studies reproduce this experimental result. We also investigate the situation of all lead voltages being non-equal (the complete pseudospin-resolved case), and find that there are four Kondo peaks at most in the curve of the conductance versus the pseudospin splitting energy. When the interdot tunneling is introduced, some new Kondo peaks and dips can emerge. Besides, the pseudospin transport and the pseudospin flipping current are also studied in the DQD system. Since the pseudospin transport is much easier to be controlled and measured than the real spin transport, it can be used to study the physical phenomenon related to the spin transport.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, accepted by J. Phys.: Condens. Matter in September 2014
Monitoring the atmospheric throughput at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory with aTmCam
Creators: name: Li, Ting
name: DePoy, D. L.
name: Marshall, J. L.
name: Nagasawa, D. Q.
name: Carona, D. W.
name: Boada, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have built an Atmospheric Transmission Monitoring Camera (aTmCam), which consists of four telescopes and detectors each with a narrow-band filter that monitors the brightness of suitable standard stars. Each narrowband filter is selected to monitor a different wavelength region of the atmospheric transmission, including regions dominated by the precipitable water vapor and aerosol optical depth. The colors of the stars are measured by this multi narrow-band imager system simultaneously. The measured colors, a model of the observed star, and the measured throughput of the system can be used to derive the atmospheric transmission of a site on sub-minute time scales. We deployed such a system to the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) and executed two one-month-long observing campaigns in Oct-Nov 2012 and Sept-Oct 2013. We have determined the time and angular scales of variations in the atmospheric transmission above CTIO during these observing runs. We also compared our results with those from a GPS Water Vapor Monitoring System and find general agreement. The information for the atmospheric transmission can be used to improve photometric precision of large imaging surveys such as the Dark Energy Survey and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014
Direct and Adjoint Monte Carlo Algorithms for the Footprint Problem
Creators: name: Kurbanmuradov, Orazgeldy
name: Rannik, Ullar
name: Sabelfeld, Karl
name: Vesala, Timo
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Lagrangian stochastic models
subject: Footprint problem
subject: backward stochastic algorithm
subject: the well-mixed condition
subject: 65C05
subject: 76F99
subject: 65C20

description: Lagrangian stochastic models and algorithms are constructed and justified for solving the footprint problem, namely, the problem of calculation of the mean concentration and the flux of particles at a fixed point released from a source arbitrarily situated in the space. The direct and adjoint Monte Carlo algorithms are suggested, and rigorous justifications are given. Two different backward trajectory algorithms are considered: Thomson's method and a method based on probabilistic representations of the relevant initial value problem. The cost of the latter algorithm may increase with time, but it allows to treat the general situation when a set of reacting species is scattered by the flow. Thomson's approach is extended to general stochastic differental equations which is especially usefull when it is desired to find a solution at a fixed point, and for large time instances.
Simulating an External Penetration Test in a Virtualised Environment
Creators: name: Crackcat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Penetration Testing

description: Teaching core principles of penetration testing requires practical environments to exercise basic enumeration, exploitation and pivoting techniques. AllEndEvent is a fictitious virtual company that has been designed for that purpose. Based on VirtualBox or KVM, students can attack a simulated external company surface, move laterally to compromise a second server and even pivot into an internal network. The provided files contain the necessary items to import the environment in VirtualBox and KVM respectively. It consists of three virtual machines and two networks that are isolated from the host system. The import is straight forward for both hypervisors and does not require any custom configuration. In order to start attacking the network, the attacker VM should be placed in the external network (VirtualBox creates it on import, for KVM the network will be imported from XML) and be assigned a static IP of 10.0.5.10/24. Using snapshots is recommended. Below is a list with root credentials for any sort of troubleshooting. Beware that the keyboard layout is set to QWERTZ by default. # MailAllendevent (VirtualBox) | Mail (KVM):
 root:il34BzzwaByy6cj2AwQG # Allendevent (VirtualBox) | Web (KVM):
 root:1H4t3MyJ0bL00lJustK1dd1ng! # WikiAllendevent (VirtualBox) | Wiki (KVM):
 root:JGEs4ecxDMJGeNLE2hE9 A writeup for the challenge has been published here. IMPORTANT: The virtual machines provided here are intentionally left vulnerable to exploitation. Do NOT deploy them anywhere outside of a dedicated and isolated lab.
Supplementary Material from Aneurysmal growth in type-B aortic dissection: assessing the impact of patient-specific inlet conditions on key haemodynamic indices
Creators: name: Stokes, C.
name: Ahmed, D.
name: Lind, N.
name: Haupt, F.
name: Becker, D.
name: Hamilton, J.
name: Muthurangu, V.
name: von Tengg-Kobligk, H.
name: Papadakis, G.
name: Balabani, S.
name: Díaz-Zuccarini, V.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biomechanics
Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Type-B Aortic Dissection is a cardiovascular disease in which a tear develops in the intimal layer of the descending aorta, allowing pressurized blood to delaminate the layers of the vessel wall. In medically managed patients, long-term aneurysmal dilatation of the false lumen (FL) is considered virtually inevitable and is associated with poorer disease outcomes. While the pathophysiological mechanisms driving FL dilatation are not yet understood, haemodynamic factors are believed to play a key role. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and 4D-Flow MRI (4DMR) analyses have revealed correlations between flow helicity, oscillatory wall shear stress and aneurysmal dilatation of the FL. In this study, we compare CFD simulations using a patient-specific, three-dimensional, three-component inlet velocity profile (4D IVP) extracted from 4DMR data against simulations with flow rate-matched uniform and axial velocity profiles that remain widely used in the absence of 4DMR. We also evaluate the influence of measurement errors in 4DMR data by scaling the 4D IVP to the degree of imaging error detected in prior studies. We observe that oscillatory shear and helicity are highly sensitive to inlet velocity distribution and flow volume throughout the FL and conclude that the choice of IVP may greatly affect the future clinical value of simulations.
Additional file 1 of Patient-reported outcomes in a pilot clinical trial of twice-weekly hemodialysis start with adjuvant pharmacotherapy and transition to thrice-weekly hemodialysis vs conventional hemodialysis
Creators: name: Murea, Mariana
name: Highland, Benjamin R.
name: Yang, Wesley
name: Dressler, Emily
name: Russell, Gregory B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Eligibility criteria.
Chromatin Accessibility Mapping Identifies Mediators of Basal Transcription and Retinoid-Induced Repression of OTX2 in Medulloblastoma
Creators: name: Guo, Changcun
name: Yan, Hai
name: Crawford, Gregory E.
name: Song, Lingyun
name: Zhang, Monica
name: Iyer, Vishwanath R.
name: Furey, Terrence S.
name: Wortham, Matthew
name: Lee, Bum-Kyu
name: He, Yiping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Despite an emerging understanding of the genetic alterations giving rise to various tumors, the mechanisms whereby most oncogenes are overexpressed remain unclear. Here we have utilized an integrated approach of genomewide regulatory element mapping via DNase-seq followed by conventional reporter assays and transcription factor binding site discovery to characterize the transcriptional regulation of the medulloblastoma oncogene Orthodenticle Homeobox 2 (OTX2). Through these studies we have revealed that OTX2 is differentially regulated in medulloblastoma at the level of chromatin accessibility, which is in part mediated by DNA methylation. In cell lines exhibiting chromatin accessibility of OTX2 regulatory regions, we found that autoregulation maintains OTX2 expression. Comparison of medulloblastoma regulatory elements with those of the developing brain reveals that these tumors engage a developmental regulatory program to drive OTX2 transcription. Finally, we have identified a transcriptional regulatory element mediating retinoid-induced OTX2 repression in these tumors. This work characterizes for the first time the mechanisms of OTX2 overexpression in medulloblastoma. Furthermore, this study establishes proof of principle for applying ENCODE datasets towards the characterization of upstream trans-acting factors mediating expression of individual genes.
Elementary Thermodynamic and Stochastic Arguments on Non-Newtonian Fluid
Creators: name: Müller, Ingo
name: Wilmański, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Non-Newtonian fluids
subject: 76A05
subject: 76A10

description: A solution of dumbbell in a Newtonian solvent is a convenient molecular model for a non-Newtonian or visco-elastic fluid. The distribution of Hookean dumbbells obeys a continuity equation on which a hierarchy of moment equations may be erected. The closure of this hierarchy is effected by the observation that the dumbbell solution attempts to minimize its free energy, a combination of elastic energy, potential energy of the Stokes friction and entropy. The minimization provides an expression for the equilibrium distribution. In this paper the hierarchy is closed after the second moment - the dumbbell stress tensor - by use of the equilibrium distribution. A rheological equation of state results from the closed system of equations. That rheological equation of state is simultaneously of "rate-type" and of "grade-type", in the jargon of continuum mechanics, and it satisfies all natural stability criteria. If the rheological equation of state is forcefitted into an equation of grade-type the stability is lost. The conclusion from these considerations is that constitutive equations of grade-type do not represent viscoelastic properties of fuids well.
Additional file 2 of Patient-reported outcomes in a pilot clinical trial of twice-weekly hemodialysis start with adjuvant pharmacotherapy and transition to thrice-weekly hemodialysis vs conventional hemodialysis
Creators: name: Murea, Mariana
name: Highland, Benjamin R.
name: Yang, Wesley
name: Dressler, Emily
name: Russell, Gregory B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Participant feedback questionnaire.
Fires following earthquake fragility functions of steel braced frames
Creators: name: Covi, Patrick
name: Tondini, Nicola
name: Sarreshtehdari, Amir
name: Elhami-Khorasani, Negar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fire safety engineering

description: The paper describes the outcomes of the analysis of a steel braced frame subjected to fires following earthquake (FFE). Nonlinear time-history analyses were performed in order to evaluate the seismic response. Then, based on the damage suffered by the structure, which was estimated according to the inter-storey drift ratio (IDR) and floor acceleration, the post-earthquake fire ignitions within selected compartments were considered. Natural fire curves were determined by means of zone models. Thus, compartmentation and opening characteristics were included in the analysis. Finally, thermomechanical analyses were run and failure criteria based on the column and beam displacement and rate of displacement were applied. The results of the probabilistic analyses were used to produce fragility functions to evaluate the probability of exceeding a limit state conditioned on an intensity measure in the context of FFE.
Regularity of solutions of Maxwell's equations with mixed boundary conditions
Creators: name: Jochmann, Frank
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Maxwell's equations
subject: Regulariy of weak solutions
subject: Mixed boundary-conditions
subject: 35Q60
subject: 35D10
subject: 35F15

description: The subject of this paper are Hs and Lp-regularity-results for the stationary and transient Maxwell-equations with mixed boundary-conditions in a bounded spatial domain are proved. First it is shown that certain elements belonging to the fractional-order domain of the Maxwell-operator belong to Hs(Ω) for sufficiently small s > 0. It follows from this regularity result that Hs(Ω) is an invariant subspace of the unitary group corresponding to the homogeneous Maxwell-equations with mixed boundary-conditions. In the case that a possibly nonlinear conductivity is present a Lp -regularity-theorem for the transient equations is proved.
Circulating Tumor Cells as a Biomarker of Response to Treatment in Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Models of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Soper, Steven A.
name: Yeh, Jen Jen
name: Kamande, Joyce W.
name: Tignanelli, Christopher J.
name: Moffitt, Richard A.
name: Torphy, Robert J.
name: Herrera Loeza, Silvia G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells shed from solid tumors into circulation and have been shown to be prognostic in the setting of metastatic disease. These cells are obtained through a routine blood draw and may serve as an easily accessible marker for monitoring treatment effectiveness. Because of the rapid progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), early insight into treatment effectiveness may allow for necessary and timely changes in treatment regimens. The objective of this study was to evaluate CTC burden as a biomarker of response to treatment with a oral phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor, BKM120, in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models of PDAC. PDX mice were randomized to receive vehicle or BKM120 treatment for 28 days and CTCs were enumerated from whole blood before and after treatment using a microfluidic chip that selected for EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) positive cells. This microfluidic device allowed for the release of captured CTCs and enumeration of these cells via their electrical impedance signatures. Median CTC counts significantly decreased in the BKM120 group from pre- to post-treatment (26.61 to 2.21 CTCs/250 µL, p = 0.0207) while no significant change was observed in the vehicle group (23.26 to 11.89 CTCs/250 µL, p = 0.8081). This reduction in CTC burden in the treatment group correlated with tumor growth inhibition indicating CTC burden is a promising biomarker of response to treatment in preclinical models. Mutant enriched sequencing of isolated CTCs confirmed that they harbored KRAS G12V mutations, identical to the matched tumors. In the long-term, PDX mice are a useful preclinical model for furthering our understanding of CTCs. Clinically, mutational analysis of CTCs and serial monitoring of CTC burden may be used as a minimally invasive approach to predict and monitor treatment response to guide therapeutic regimens.
Cold, thermal and oscillator closure of the atomic chain
Creators: name: Dreyer, Wolfgang
name: Kunik, Matthias
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Wave equation
subject: conservation laws
subject: shocks and singularities
subject: constitutive equations
subject: thermodynamics of solids
subject: equilibrium statistical mechanics
subject: foundations
subject: lattice systems
subject: continuum models
subject: 35L05
subject: 35L65
subject: 35L67
subject: 73B05
subject: 73B30
subject: 73B03
subject: 82B20

description: We consider a simple microscopic model for a solid body and study the problematic nature of micro/macro transitions. The microscopic model describes the solid body by a many particle system that develops according to NEWTONs equations of motion. We discuss various initial value problems that lead to the propagation of waves. The initial value problems are solved directly from the microscopic equations of motion. Additionally these equations serve to establish macroscopic field equations. The macroscopic field equations consist of conservation laws, which follow rigorously from the microscopic equations, and of closure relations which are completely determined by the distributions of the microscopic motion. In particular we consider three kinds of closure relations which correspond to three different kinds of equilibrium. It turns out that closure relations cannot be given appropriately without relating them to the initial conditions, and that closure relations might change during the temporal development of the initial data, because the body undergoes several transitions between different states of local equilibrium. In those examples that we have considered, the macroscopic variables mass density and temperature do not constitute an unique kind of microscopic motion.
Clinical Outcomes for Gastric Cancer following Adjuvant Chemoradiation Utilizing Intensity Modulated versus Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy
Creators: name: Liu, Gene-Fu F.
name: Liauw, Stanley L.
name: Bair, Eric
name: Bair, Ryan J.
name: Koshy, Matthew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Purpose/Objective(s)To determine if intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the post-operative setting for gastric cancer was associated with reduced toxicity compared to 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT).Materials/MethodsThis retrospective study includes 24 patients with stage IB-IIIB gastric cancer consecutively treated from 2001–2010. All underwent surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiation. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of 5-FU/leucovorin (n = 21), epirubicin/cisplatin/5FU (n = 1), or none (n = 2). IMRT was utilized in 12 patients and 3DCRT in 12 patients. For both groups, the target volume included the tumor bed, anastomosis, gastric stump, and regional lymphatics.ResultsMedian follow-up for the entire cohort was 19 months (range 0.4–8.5 years), and 49 months (0.5–8.5 years) in surviving patients. The 3DCRT group received a median dose of 45 Gy, and the IMRT group received a median dose of 50.4 Gy (p = 0.0004). For the entire cohort, 3-year overall survival (OS) was 40% and 3-year disease free survival (DFS) was 41%. OS and DFS did not differ significantly between the groups. Acute toxicity was similar. Between 3DCRT and IMRT groups, during radiotherapy, median weight lost (3.2 vs. 3.3 kg, respectively; p = 0.47) and median percent weight loss were similar (5.0% vs. 4.3%, respectively; p = 0.43). Acute grade 2 toxicity was experienced by 8 patients receiving 3DCRT and 11 receiving IMRT (p = 0.32); acute grade 3 toxicity occurred in 1 patient receiving 3DCRT and none receiving IMRT (p = 1.0). No patients in either cohort experienced late grade 3 toxicity, including renal or gastrointestinal toxicity. At last follow up, the median increase in creatinine was 0.1 mg/dL in the IMRT group and 0.1 mg/dL in the 3DCRT group (p = 0.78).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that adjuvant chemoradiation for gastric cancer with IMRT to 50.4 Gy was well-tolerated and compared similarly in toxicity with 3DCRT to 45 Gy.
Periodic Boundary Conditions for Long-time Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Incompressible Flows
Creators: name: Dobson, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82C05

description: This work presents a generalization of the Kraynik-Reinelt (KR) boundary conditions for nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. In the simulation of steady, homogeneous flows with periodic boundary conditions, the simulation box moves with the flow, and it is possible for particle replicas to become arbitrarily close, causing a breakdown in the simulation. The KR boundary conditions avoid this problem for planar elongational flow and general planar mixed flow [J. Chem. Phys 133, 14116 (2010)] through careful choice of the initial simulation box and by periodically remapping the simulation box in a way that conserves replica locations. In this work, the ideas are extended to a large class of three dimensional flows by using multiple remappings for the simulation box. The simulation box geometry is no longer time-periodic (which was shown to be impossible for uniaxial and biaxial stretching flows in the original work by Kraynik and Reinelt [Int. J. Multiphase Flow 18, 1045 (1992)]). The presented algorithm applies to all flows with nondefective flow matrices, and in particular, to uniaxial and biaxial flows.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Convergence results for a nonlinear parabolic control problem
Creators: name: Arnăutu, Viorel
name: Hömberg, Dietmar
name: Sokołowski, Jan
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: parabolic control problem
subject: phase transitions
subject: finite-element approximation
subject: 49J20
subject: 35K05

description: We investigate a general control problem for a class of nonlinear parabolic evolution equations. Applications are related to solid-solid and solid-liquid phase transitions. We prove compactness of the solution operator, existence of optimal controls and show convergence of the finite-dimensional approximate control problem to the original one.
Comparable Ascertainment of Newly-Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation Using Active Cohort Follow-Up versus Surveillance of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Creators: name: Folsom, Aaron R.
name: Wruck, Lisa M.
name: Stearns, Sally C.
name: Duval, Sue
name: Loehr, Laura R.
name: Sueta, Carla
name: Kucharska-Newton, Anna
name: Alonso, Alvaro
name: Fox, Ervin
name: Chen, Lin Y.
name: Lutsey, Pamela L.
name: Bengtson, Lindsay G. S.
name: Yeh, Hsin-Chieh
name: Rosamond, Wayne D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Increasingly, epidemiologic studies use administrative data to identify atrial fibrillation (AF). Capture of incident AF is not well documented. We examined incidence rates and concordance of AF diagnosis based on active cohort follow-up versus surveillance of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.
Study 1 - Employee helping behaviours towards robots
Creators: name: Efendic, Emir
name: Becker, Marc
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Business

description: This study investigates whether employees are less likely to help a robotic (vs human) co-worker. It also investigates whether employees are more likely to harm a robotic (vs human) co-worker.