cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The role of environmental criminology in architecture
Creators: name: Rondeau, Mary Beth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Designing safer places is of interest to architects whose primary motivation is to create the best environment within the parameters of the design problem. Traditionally, since the time of Oscar Newman's theory of defensible space, architects have attempted to create safer places based on broad principles of surveillance and territoriality in the absence of detailed information on crime and nuisance activity. In the past quarter century, a large body of scientific research has been developed in the field of environmental criminology which illuminates the detailed circumstances as well as the background reasons of why crime happens. It is this thesis that this information is valuable to the practice of architecture and can be directly applicable. However, given that there is so little knowledge of crime out there, this information must developed into factual, well developed illustrations that allow the architect to develop a total framework of understanding. Once the framework is established and the architect incorporates the knowledge, it will take its place with the other numerous design parameters that compose the complex problem of architectural design. Architectural design, more that other types of design, is made up of both scientific knowledge and artistic knowledge. Incorporating this scientific research into the field of architecture must balance both endeavours.
Iron-Line Emission as a Probe of Bardeen-Petterson Accretion Disks
Creators: name: Fragile, P. Chris
name: Miller, Warner A.
name: Vandernoot, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we show that Bardeen-Petterson accretion disks can exhibit unique, detectable features in relativistically broadened emission line profiles. Some of the unique characteristics include inverted line profiles with sharper red horns and softer blue horns and even profiles with more than 2 horns from a single rest-frame line. We demonstrate these points by constructing a series of synthetic line profiles using simple two-component disk models. We find that the resultant profiles are very sensitive to the two key parameters one would like to constrain, namely the Bardeen-Petterson transition radius r_{BP} and the relative tilt βbetween the two disk components over a range of likely values [10 < r_{BP}/(GM/c^2) < 40 ; 15deg < β< 45deg]. We use our findings to show that some of the ``extra'' line features observed in the spectrum of the Seyfert-I galaxy MCG--6-30-15 may be attributable to a Bardeen-Petterson disk structure. Similarly, we apply our findings to two likely Bardeen-Petterson candidate Galactic black holes - GRO J1655-40 and XTE J1550-564. We provide synthetic line profiles of these systems using observationally constrained sets of parameters. Although we do not formally fit the data for any of these systems, we confirm that our synthetic spectra are consistent with current observations.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, submitted to ApJ
Figure S7. from Age-associated epigenetic change in chimpanzees and humans
Creators: name: Guevara, Elaine E.
name: Lawler, Richard R.
name: Staes, Nicky
name: White, Cassandra M.
name: Sherwood, Chet C.
name: Ely, John J.
name: Hopkins, William D.
name: Bradley, Brenda J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Heritability of methylation at clock and background CpGs. A = Distribution of heritabilities, vertical lines represent means for each group. B = Differences in heritability between clock and background CpGs.
Effect of an inhomogeneous exchange field on the proximity effect in disordered superconductor-ferromagnet hybrid structures
Creators: name: Champel, T.
name: Eschrig, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of an inhomogeneous exchange field on the proximity effect in superconductor-ferromagnet hybrid structures within the quasi-classical theory of superconductivity. As an example we study the proximity effect in a superconductor-ferromagnet bilayer with an in-plane spiral magnetic order in the ferromagnet. This model simulates a multiple magnetic domain structure where the domain walls of the Néel type are of equal size as the domains. Triplet correlations are induced in the bilayer by the superconducting proximity effect, which are sensitive to the local quantization axis of the exchange field in the ferromagnet. The coexistence of singlet and triplet pair correlations in the bilayer results into a sensitivity of the superconducting transition temperature on the spatial variation of the exchange field in the ferromagnetic layer. We show that the inhomogeneity tends to suppress the oscillating behavior of the pair amplitudes in the ferromagnet. As a result, the superconducting critical temperature is found to be strongly dependent on the spiral wavevector. We study the spin-dependent local density of states and the effect of an induction of a spin magnetization in the superconductor.
description: published version
РАСПРОСТРАНЕНОСТЬ ВИРУСНОГО ЦИРРОЗА ПЕЧЕНИ СРЕДИ СЕЛЬСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ
Creators: name: М.А.Жураева, Н.Х. Пошшахужаев,  М.А.Ашуралиева. Андижанский государственный медицинский институт
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В мире, по итогам 2017 года, от цирроза печени погибло более 1,32 миллиона человек, из которых 440 женщин и 883 мужчин. Это составило 2,4% от общего показателя смертности в популяции. Цирроз печени, занимая одно из главных мест среди болезней человечества, входит в десятку хронических заболеваний, увеличивающих причины потери трудоспособности и смерти. По данным статистики, во многих странах мира, кроме государств Восточной Европы и Центральной Азии, стандартизированный показатель смертности по возрасту, в период с 1990 года по 2017 год, уменьшился или стабильно сохранился. В этих государствах в виде исключения стандартизированная степень смертности по возрасту неуклонно росла за счёт широкой распространённости заболеваний печени.
Consumer Attitudes Toward Biotech Foods in China
Creators: name: Lin, William W.
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Tuan, Francis C.
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Bai, Junfei
name: Lin, William W.
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Tuan, Francis C.
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Bai, Junfei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Based on a large-scale survey in 11 cities, this study employs probit and logit models to estimate the effects of various explanatory variables on the likelihood of biotech food acceptance in China. Analyses focus on biotech soybean oil, input- and output-trait biotech rice, and livestock products fed with biotech corn.
Millimeter-Wave Integrated Side-Fire Leaky-Wave Antenna and its Application as a Spectrum Analyzer
Creators: name: King, Daniel J.
name: Emara, Mohamed K.
name: Gupta, Shulabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analog, low-profile and shielded spectrum analyzer is proposed for operation at mm-wave frequencies around the 60 GHz band based on a novel side-fire Leaky-Wave Antenna (LWA) configuration. The proposed side-fire periodic LWA is systematically developed from a conventional 3-port waveguide T-junction which is modified to a LWA unit cell with an internal matching mechanism to suppress the stop-band and enable broadside radiation based on unit cell symmetry considerations. The resulting periodic side-fire antenna radiates in the plane of the antenna, whereby the leakage power be either be allowed to radiate in free-space or kept confined inside a PPW structure. The proposed side-fire structure thus can be completely shielded useful as an analog broadband spectrum analyzer using Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Technology. Furthermore, a convex side-fire antenna is demonstrated to focus the radiated beams in the near-field of the structure to make the entire system compact. The integrated spectrum analyzer is experimentally demonstrated between 59 GHz - 66 GHz providing 1 GHz frequency resolution. Furthermore, a simple mathematical model consisting of array of line sources is proposed to efficiently model the beam-scanning characteristics of the curved side-fire LWA in the near-field of the structure.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
MORE THAN FOOD ON THE TABLE: AGRICULTURE'S TRUE CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECONOMY
Creators: name: Trejos, Rafael
name: Segura, Oswaldo
name: Arias, Joaquin
name: Trejos, Rafael
name: Segura, Oswaldo
name: Arias, Joaquin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Development

description: Agriculture is something more than crops and food: nowadays all countries regard it as a strategic asset. Agriculture's performance and its contribution to our countries' economic development has traditionally been undervalued, since it is measured using information about harvests and the sale of raw materials, mainly crops and livestock. As a result, the backward and forward linkages with agro-industry, the services and trade sectors and, in general, the rest of the economy, are undervalued. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to estimate agriculture's true contribution to economic development for 11 countries in the Americas. This methodology empirically addresses the concept of extended agriculture; calculates agricultural linkages; and simulates the impact of agriculture on the countries' overall economic activity.
Dynamics of Higher Spin Fields and Tensorial Space
Creators: name: Bandos, I.
name: Bekaert, X.
name: de Azcarraga, J. A.
name: Sorokin, D.
name: Tsulaia, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure and the dynamics of massless higher spin fields in various dimensions are reviewed with an emphasis on conformally invariant higher spin fields. We show that in D=3,4,6 and 10 dimensional space-time the conformal higher spin fields constitute the quantum spectrum of a twistor-like particle propagating in tensorial spaces of corresponding dimensions. We give a detailed analysis of the field equations of the model and establish their relation with known formulations of free higher spin field theory.
description: JHEP3 style, 40 pages; v2 typos corrected, comments and references added; v3 published version
Συνθετικές προσεγγίσεις δραστικών φαρμακευτικών ενώσεων και αναλόγων τους
Creators: name: Ζησοπούλου, Σταυρούλα Αχ.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Πεντενομυκίνη
Βορτιοξετίνη
Σακουμπιτρίλη
Χειρόμορφη
Pentenomycin
Vortioxetine
Sacubitril
Chiral

description: Η παρούσα εργασία χωρίζεται σε τρία κύρια μέρη, σε καθένα από τα οποία αναπτύσσονται χωριστά τα διαφορετικά αντικείμενα με τα οποία ασχοληθήκαμε. Στο πρώτο μέρος περιγράφεται η ανάπτυξη μιας βιβλιοθήκης ενώσεων με παράγωγα της πεντενομυκινης Ι (1) τα οποία ανήκουν στην κατηγορία των πολυοξυγονούχων κυκλοπεντενονών. Η τάξη των ενώσεων αυτών παρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον λόγω της βιολογικής τους δράσης. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, οι ενώσεις αυτής της κατηγορίας εμφανίζουν μέτρια ως ισχυρή δράση έναντι gram-θετικών και gram-αρνητικών βακτιρίων. Στο δεύτερο μέρος γίνεται περιγραφή της ανάπτυξης σύνθεσης ενός ενδιαμέσου της βορτιοξετίνης. Πιο συγκεκριμένα αναλύεται μια καινοτόμος και φιλική προς το περιβάλλον μέθοδος σύνθεσης 2 σταδίων η οποία μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί σε βιομηχανική κλίματα και έχει κατοχυρωθεί από δίπλωμα ευρεσιτεχνίας. Στο τρίτο και τελευταίο μέρος γίνεται περιγραφή της σύνθεσης δύο ενδιαμέσων της σακουμπιτρίλης. Πρόκειται για δύο μεθόδους 12 και 3 σταδίων με εξαιρετικές αποδόσεις που ξεκινούν από την χειρόμορφη αλκοόλη (+)-μενθόλη και τον μεθυλεστέρα της D-σερίνης αντίστοιχα. Επίσης στο τρίτο μέρος γίνεται μελέτη της αντίδρασης αναγωγής του αιθυλεστέρα των οξαζινών με LiBH4 και LiAlH4 ως αναγωγικών μέσων. Η αντίδραση αυτή αποτελεί στάδιο της συνθετικής πορείας 12 σταδίων του ενδιαμέσου της σακουμπιτρίλης. Τέλος και τα τρία αυτά διαφορετικά αντικείμενα έρευνας αναπτύσσονται λεπτομερώς τόσο σε θεωρητικό επίπεδο όσο και ως προς τα πειραματικά τους αποτελέσματα.
description: The present work is divided into three main parts, in each of which the different objects with which we dealt are developed separately. The first part describes the development of a library of compounds with derivatives of pentenomycin I (1) which belong to the class of polyoxygenated cyclopentenones. The class of these compounds is of particular interest because of their biological action. More specifically, compounds of this class show moderate to strong activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The second part describes the development of a vortioxetine intermediate synthesis. More specifically, an innovative and environmentally friendly 2-step method is analyzed which can be applied in industrial climates and has been protected by patents. The third and last part describes the synthesis of two intermediates of sacubitril. These are two 12- and 3-step methods with excellent yields starting from the chiral alcohol (+)-menthol and D-serine methyl ester respectively. Also in the third part, the reduction reaction of the ethyl ester of oxazines with LiBH4 and LiAlH4 as reducing agents is studied. This reaction is a step in the 12-step synthetic pathway of the sacubitril intermediate. Finally, all three of these different research objects are developed in detail both at the theoretical level and in terms of their experimental results.
Tolman IV fluid sphere in bigravity
Creators: name: Singh, Ksh. Newton
name: Sarkar, Susmita
name: Rahaman, Farook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Tolman IV spacetime representing compact fluid sphere in bigravity. Here we have explored the effect of scale parameter $k$ in the local matter distribution of compact stars. We have model for three well-known compact stars and it shows that for lower values of $k$ leads to stiffer EoS. This claim is also supported by the graphical analysis. It can be observed that the sound speed and the adiabatic index are more for lower values of $k$. It is also seen that all the solutions of Einstein's field equations are still satisfying the field equations in the presence of a background metric $γ_{μν}$. However, the density and pressure does modified by extra term from the constant curvature background, thus affecting the EoS. One can also think that the parameter $α\equiv 1/k^2$ as coupling constant between the $g_{μν}$ and $γ_{μν}$ and consequently more the coupling stiffer is the EoS. As $k\rightarrow \infty$, the background de-Sitter spacetime reduces to Minkowski's spacetime and the coupling vanishes. The solution satisfy the causality condition, all the energy conditions and equilibrium under gravity and hydrostatic forces. The stability of the local stellar structure is enhanced by reducing the scalar curvature of the background spacetime.
description: 9 Pages, 11 Figs., 2 Tables (Published as Eur. Phys. J. Plus 135, 484 (2020))
SUPERMARKET CHARACTERISTICS AND OPERATING COSTS IN LOW-INCOME AREAS
Creators: name: King, Robert P.
name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
name: Behl, Ajay S.
name: King, Robert P.
name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
name: Behl, Ajay S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Some hypothesize that poor consumers pay more for food because stores that serve them have higher costs. We assess how supermarket characteristics and operating costs differ with the percentage of sales from food stamp redemptions. Results do not support the hypothesis that costs are higher for stores serving the poor.
Determinants of mothers’ solid food feeding practices during the transition period (4-9 months of age) : implications for iron nutrition
Creators: name: Stephen, Loraina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Solid food feeding is complex and involves interaction at many levels. Solid food feeding practices are determined, in part, by the mother's perceptions of infant food needs, the infant's feeding responses, and the mother's knowledge and skills. It is known that by 9 months of age infants who are not bottle-fed with iron-fortified formula are at high risk for iron deficiency anemia and low iron stores. Dietary iron from complementary solid foods is essential to prevent iron deficiency anemia and iron depletion in these infants by 9-12 months of age. However, the content and bioavailability of iron from solid foods offered during the transition period is low. Because of this, it is critical that infant feeding practices are appropriate to meet the infant's evolving nutritional requirements, especially iron needs, during the transition period (4 to 9 months). The success of infant feeding requires that mothers learn both what and how to feed solid foods. The present research used a grounded theory approach and in-depth interviews with 12 mothers to explore how mothers feed their infants and what influences the way they feed solid foods during the transition period (4-9 months). This research identified 5 themes that are central to infant solid food feeding - the feeding process, perceiving infant food needs, ways of feeding, gaining expertise and tailoring the transition process. The central theme that had the most influence on the solid food feeding process was how mothers were 'tailoring' the transition process. A 3-dimensional conceptual model of infant solid food feeding was developed to illustrate the interaction between the themes. A causal-consequence model was used to build a second conceptual model to link dietary iron adequacy to the plausible relationships that were identified from the 5 themes. Findings from this study provide information needed for future development of effective multilevel education strategies that are aimed at facilitating health professionals' practices and mothers' learning about the feeding process and conditions within the proximate environment that determine infant feeding choices and impact on the dietary intake of young infants.
LINKING EARLY CHILDHOOD NUTRITION AND HEALTH PROBLEMS TO SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT: A CROSS-SECTION ANALYSIS OF GRADE 4 STUDENTS IN SRI LANKA
Creators: name: Wisniewski, Suzanne L.W.
name: Wisniewski, Suzanne L.W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: This paper examines the separate impacts of early childhood nutrition and current health problems on academic achievement. Previous research has only considered either the impact of nutrition or specific health problems on academic achievement. This is the first paper to consider both measures of health in a comprehensive way. A unique cross-section dataset of grade 4 students in Sri Lanka allows one to creatively deal with endogeneity issues stemming from missing variable bias. Specifically, controlling for school heterogeneity and parental taste for education the results show that children affected by hearing problems, intestinal worms and early childhood malnutrition have significantly lower cognitive skills. These results are robust to conditioning on the rate of student absence from school. The policy implications are that returns to investments made to improving school quality will be limited by any lack in investment in improving early childhood nutrition and health problems faced by children in school years.
Coupled time discretisation of dynamic damage models at small strains
Creators: name: Roubíček, Tomáš
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R45, 65K15, 74H15, 74R05, 74R10

description: The dynamic damage model in viscoelastic materials in Kelvin-Voigt rheology is discretised by a scheme which is coupled, suppresses spurious numerical attenuation during vibrations, and has a variational structure with a convex potential for small time-steps. In addition, this discretisation is numerically stable and convergent for the time step going to zero. When combined with the FEM spatial discretisation, it leads to an implementable scheme and to that iterative solvers (e.g. the Newton-Raphson) used for the nonlinear algebraic systems at each time level have guaranteed global convergence. Models which are computationally used in some engineering simulations in a non-reliable way are thus stabilized and theoretically justified in this viscoelastic rheology. In particular, this model and algorithm can be used in a reliable way for a dynamic fracture in the usual phase-field approximation.
Monopoles for Gravitation and for Higher Spin Fields
Creators: name: Bunster, C.
name: Cnockaert, S.
name: Henneaux, M.
name: Portugues, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider massless higher spin gauge theories with both electric and magnetic sources, with a special emphasis on the spin two case. We write the equations of motion at the linear level (with conserved external sources) and introduce Dirac strings so as to derive the equations from a variational principle. We then derive a quantization condition that generalizes the familiar Dirac quantization condition, and which involves the conserved charges associated with the asymptotic symmetries for higher spins. Next we discuss briefly how the result extends to the non linear theory. This is done in the context of gravitation, where the Taub-NUT solution provides the exact solution of the field equations with both types of sources. We rederive, in analogy with electromagnetism, the quantization condition from the quantization of the angular momentum. We also observe that the Taub-NUT metric is asymptotically flat at spatial infinity in the sense of Regge and Teitelboim (including their parity conditions). It follows, in particular, that one can consistently consider in the variational principle configurations with different electric and magnetic masses.
description: 24 pages
Supplementary figures and tables from Honeybees solve a multi-comparison ranking task by probability matching
Creators: name: HaDi MaBouDi
name: Marshall, James A. R.
name: Barron, Andrew B.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Honeybees forage on diverse flowers which vary in the amount and type of rewards they offer, and bees are challenged with maximizing the resources they gather for their colony. That bees are effective foragers is clear, but how bees solve this type of complex multi-choice task is unknown. Here, we set bees a five-comparison choice task in which five colours differed in their probability of offering reward and punishment. The colours were ranked such that high ranked colours were more likely to offer reward, and the ranking was unambiguous. Bees' choices in unrewarded tests matched their individual experiences of reward and punishment of each colour, indicating bees solved this test not by comparing or ranking colours but by basing their colour choices on their history of reinforcement for each colour. Computational modelling suggests a structure like the honeybee mushroom body with reinforcement-related plasticity at both input and output can be sufficient for this cognitive strategy. We discuss how probability matching enables effective choices to be made without a need to compare any stimuli directly, and the use and limitations of this simple cognitive strategy for foraging animals.
EXPLAINING PRICE TRANSMISSION ASYMMETRY IN THE US PEANUT MARKETING CHAIN
Creators: name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Nadolnyak, Denis A.
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Nadolnyak, Denis A.
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: n the paper, we study price transmission from wholesale peanut prices to retail peanut butter prices. Using monthly data since 1984, we show that, while an increase in peanut prices is almost immediately transferred to peanut butter prices, it takes several months for a price decrease to be reflected in the peanut butter prices. Besides, the long term price transmission effect also appears to be symmetric. The observed short and long-term asymmetry is explained as a result of profit maximizing inventory management and/or some degree of market power in peanut processing.
61. Discovering variability with Gaia
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: There are enormous numbers of known variable stars, of dozens of different types. Some variability is 'intrinsic', being due to the luminosity of the star itself changing with time. Others are 'extrinsic', meaning that something affects the stellar light on the way from the star to us. Gaia is, again, transforming the field.
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Trondhjems Borgerlige Realskole
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1850

description: Siden man skal begynne å undervise i naturhistorie, ønsker man å få adgang til VS' naturaliesamling
Prospects For Detecting Dark Matter With Neutrino Telescopes In Light Of Recent Results From Direct Detection Experiments
Creators: name: Halzen, Francis
name: Hooper, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct detection dark matter experiments, lead by the CDMS collaboration, have placed increasingly stronger constraints on the cross sections for elastic scattering of WIMPs on nucleons. These results impact the prospects for the indirect detection of dark matter using neutrino telescopes. With this in mind, we revisit the prospects for detecting neutrinos produced by the annihilation of WIMPs in the Sun. We find that the latest bounds do not seriously limit the models most accessible to next generation kilometer-scale neutrino telescopes such as IceCube. This is largely due to the fact that models with significant spin-dependent couplings to protons are the least constrained and, at the same time, the most promising because of the efficient capture of WIMPs in the Sun. We identify models where dark matter particles are beyond the reach of any planned direct detection experiments while within reach of neutrino telescopes. In summary, we find that, even when contemplating recent direct detection results, neutrino telescopes still have the opportunity to play an important as well as complementary role in the search for particle dark matter.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Monitoring physical distancing for crowd management: real-time trajectory and group analysis
Creators: name: Pouw, Caspar A. S.
name: Toschi, Federico
name: van Schadewijk, Frank
name: Corbetta, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical distancing, as a measure to contain the spreading of Covid-19, is defining a "new normal". Unless belonging to a family, pedestrians in shared spaces are asked to observe a minimal (country-dependent) pairwise distance. Coherently, managers of public spaces may be tasked with the enforcement or monitoring of this constraint. As privacy-respectful real-time tracking of pedestrian dynamics in public spaces is a growing reality, it is natural to leverage on these tools to analyze the adherence to physical distancing and compare the effectiveness of crowd management measurements. Typical questions are: "in which conditions non-family members infringed social distancing?", "Are there repeated offenders?", and "How are new crowd management measures performing?". Notably, dealing with large crowds, e.g. in train stations, gets rapidly computationally challenging. In this work we have a two-fold aim: first, we propose an efficient and scalable analysis framework to process, offline or in real-time, pedestrian tracking data via a sparse graph. The framework tackles efficiently all the questions mentioned above, representing pedestrian-pedestrian interactions via vector-weighted graph connections. On this basis, we can disentangle distance offenders and family members in a privacy-compliant way. Second, we present a thorough analysis of mutual distances and exposure-times in a Dutch train platform, comparing pre-Covid and current data via physics observables as Radial Distribution Functions. The versatility and simplicity of this approach, developed to analyze crowd management measures in public transport facilities, enable to tackle issues beyond physical distancing, for instance the privacy-respectful detection of groups and the analysis of their motion patterns.
description: 12 pages
КАТЕГОРИИ ДЕЙСТВИЙ, СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИХ ЗЛОУПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ПРЕВОСХОДНОЙ ПЕРЕГОВОРНОЙ СИЛОЙ
Creators: name: Абдуазизов, Дониёр
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В этом тезисе разъясняется концепция «злоупотребления превосходной переговорной позицией» для каждой категории действий, главным образом тех, которые явно составляют злоупотребление превосходной переговорной позицией. Данный тезис основывается на японский модель.
THE VALUE OF CLEAN DAIRY AIR: ACCOUNTING FOR ENDOGENEITY AND SPATIALLY CORRELATED ERRORS IN A HEDONIC ANALYSES OF THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL OPERATIONS ON LOCAL PROPERTY VALUES
Creators: name: Bayoh, Isaac
name: Irwin, Elena G.
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Bayoh, Isaac
name: Irwin, Elena G.
name: Roe, Brian E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: We study the effect of livestock operations on property values using a hedonic analysis in five Ohio townships. Unlike previous studies, we account for endogenous livestock location variables and spatially correlated errors. Results suggest failure to correct for these problems results in biased estimates of livestock impacts on property values.
Geographical Indications and the Trade Related Property Rights Agreement: A Case Study of Basmati Rice Exports
Creators: name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Crespi, John M.
name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Crespi, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The recent controversy over the granting of patenting rights to three new strains of Basmati rice by the US Patent and Trademark Office is used as a case study to analyze the impact of incomplete protection of intellectual property. Results suggest that there is evidence that the introduction of a competing product that may infringe on India's geographical indicator has harmed Indian producers in key export markets.
Electronic Supplementary Material from Functional diversity of microbial ecologies estimated from ancient human coprolites and dental calculus
Creators: name: Jacobson, David K.
name: Tanvi P. Honap
name: Monroe, Cara
name: Lund, Justin
name: Houk, Brett A.
name: Novotny, Anna C.
name: Robin, Cynthia
name: Marini, Elisabetta
name: Lewis, Cecil M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: This document includes: I) Methods, II) Techniques for Network Analysis, III) Supplementary Figures, IV) Supplementary Tables, V) Supplementary References
IMPACT OF PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN CROPS AND LIVESTOCK ON WORLD FOOD TRADE PATTERNS
Creators: name: Ludena, Carlos E.
name: Ludena, Carlos E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: World food trade patterns have changed in the last 40 years with the share of world trade comprised of bulk commodities falling, and the share of world food trade comprised of processed commodities rising. These changes have been driven by a combination of supply and demand forces. On the demand side, world demand for livestock products and more highly processed food products has been rising more rapidly than that for bulk products. This increasing demand can either be met from domestic production or from foreign production in the latter case resulting in increased international trade. The extent to which the increased demand can be met from domestic production depends importantly on the rate of productivity growth in the various components of the farm and food sector. This is why the relative rates of productivity growth in crops and livestock is also believed to be an important factor in determining the changing composition of trade. This study seeks to understand to what extent productivity growth in crops and livestock has affected world food trade patterns. We do so by first estimating total factor productivity growth in crops and livestock over the past four decades. The results show that productivity growth in crops has been larger in developed countries. However, non-ruminant productivity growth in developing countries has been larger. By incorporating these estimates into a back-casting exercise with the GTAP general equilibrium model, we hope to understand how these differential productivity growth rates have influenced the composition of world food trade.
Cosmology of a generalised version of holographic dark energy in presence of bulk viscosity and its inflationary dynamics through slow roll parameters
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Gargee
name: Chattopadhyay, Surajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present study reports a reconstruction scheme of a Dark Energy (DE) model with higher order derivative of Hubble parameter, which is a particular case of Nojiri-Odintsov holographic DE [S. Nojiri and S. D. Odintsov, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 38 (2006) 1285.] that unifies phantom inflation with the acceleration of te universe on late-time. The reconstruction has been carried out in presence of bulk-viscosity, where the bulk-viscous pressure has been taken as a function of Hubble parameter. Ranges of cosmic time $t$ have been derived for quintessence, cosmological constant and phantom behaviour of the equation of state (EoS) parameter. In the viscous scenario, the reconstruction has been carried out in an interacting and non-interacting situations and in both the cases stability against small perturbations has been observed. Finally, the slow roll parameters have been studied and a scope of exit from inflation has been observed. Also, availability of quasi exponential expansion has been demonstrated for interacting viscous scenario and a study through tensor to scalar ratio has ensured consistency of the model with the observational bound by Planck. Alongwith primordial fluctuations the interacting scenario has been found to generate strong dissipative regime.
Emergence of scale-free blackout sizes in power grids
Creators: name: Nesti, Tommaso
name: Sloothaak, Fiona
name: Zwart, Bert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We model power grids as graphs with heavy-tailed sinks, which represent demand from cities, and study cascading failures on such graphs. Our analysis links the scale-free nature of blackout sizes to the scale-free nature of city sizes, contrasting previous studies suggesting that this nature is governed by self-organized criticality. Our results are based on a new mathematical framework combining the physics of power flow with rare event analysis for heavy-tailed distributions, and are validated using various synthetic networks and the German transmission grid.
description: 27 pages (6 pages + 21 pages with supplemental material). Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Buckyball Quantum Computer: Realization of a Quantum Gate
Creators: name: Garelli, M. S.
name: Kusmartsev, F. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied a system composed by two endohedral fullerene molecules. We have found that this system can be used as good candidate for the realization of Quantum Gates Each of these molecules encapsules an atom carrying a spin,therefore they interact through the spin dipole interaction. We show that a phase gate can be realized if we apply on each encased spin static and time dependent magnetic field. We have evaluated the operational time of a $π$-phase gate, which is of the order of ns. We made a comparison between the theoretical estimation of the gate time and the experimental decoherence time for each spin. The comparison shows that the spin relaxation time is much larger than the $π$-gate operational time. Therefore, this indicates that, during the decoherence time, it is possible to perform some thousands of quantum computational operations. Moreover, through the study of concurrence, we get very good results for the entanglement degree of the two-qubit system. This finding opens a new avenue for the realization of Quantum Computers.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to Physical Review A
The Mexican Sweeteners Market and Sugar Exports to the United States
Creators: name: Andino, Jose
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Andino, Jose
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This study analyzes the effect of Mexico's sugar exports on the U.S. sugar industry, which could reach over 250,000 MTRV in 2006 and substantially increase in subsequent years by substituting sugar for HFCS in soft drink products. Mexico's additional sugar exports would cause a substantial reduction of U.S. sugar price. Because of low prices of sugar, production of beet and cane sugar in the United States is expected to fall. Under these circumstances, social welfare in the United States may increase; however, welfare benefits may go to food processors rather than consumer. By contrast, increases in sugar imports would substantially hurt sugar beet and cane producers.
Modified Holographic energy density driven inflation and some cosmological outcomes
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Gargee
name: Chattopadhyay, Surajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83F05, 83C99

description: Motivated by the work of Nojiri et al. (2019) [S. Nojiri, S. D. Odintsov and E. N. Saridakis, Holographic inflation, Phys. Lett. B 797 (2019) 134829], the present study reports a model of inflation under the consideration that the inflationary regime is originated by a type of holographic energy density. The infrared cutoff has been selected based on the modified holographic model that is a particular case of Nojiri-Odintsov holographic dark energy \cite{odi1} that unifies phantom inflation with the acceleration of the universe on late-time. On getting an analytical solution for Hubble parameter we considered the presence of bulk viscosity and the effective equation of state parameter appeared to be consistent with the inflationary scenario with some constraints. It has also been observed that in the inflationary scenario the contribution of bulk viscosity is not of much significance and its influence is increasing with the evolution of the universe. Inflationary observables have been computed for the model and the slow-roll parameters have been computed. Finally, it has been observed that the trajectories in $n_s - r$ are compatible with the observational bound found by Planck. It has been concluded that the tensor to scalar ratio for this model can explain the primordial fluctuation in the early universe as well.
Attenuation of waveguide modes in narrow metal capillaries
Creators: name: Tuev, P. V.
name: Lotov, K. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The channeling of laser pulses in waveguides filled with a rare plasma is one of promising techniques of laser wakefield acceleration. A solid-state capillary can precisely guide tightly focused pulses. Regardless of the material of the capillary, its walls behave like a plasma under the influence of a high-intensity laser pulse. Therefore, the waveguide modes in the capillaries have a universal structure, which depends only on the shape of the cross-section. Due to the large ratio of the capillary radius to the laser wavelength, the modes in circular capillaries differ from the classical TE and TM modes. The attenuation length for such modes is two orders of magnitude longer than that obtained from the classical formula, and the incident pulse of the proper radius can transfer up to 98% of its initial energy to the fundamental mode. However, finding eigenmodes in capillaries of arbitrary cross-section is a complex mathematical problem that remains to be solved.
STAGES OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Creators: name: Akhadjon Turaboev Namangan Institute of Textile Industry Head of the International Cooperation Department
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Social institutions are important in shaping human behavior and maintaining social order. These institutions, including the family, education, religion, economy, and government, have evolved to meet the needs of individuals and communities. This article examines the stages of formation and development of social institutions, highlighting their evolution from simple structures to complex systems that affect all aspects of social life. The discussion focuses on how these institutions emerge, grow, adapt and change in response to social, cultural, economic and political changes. Understanding these stages is essential for analyzing the dynamics of social interactions and the factors that contribute to the stability and development of societies.

Keywords: Social institutions, formation, development, evolution, family, education, religion, economy, state, social order
Response of strongly-interacting matter to magnetic field: some exact results
Creators: name: Newman, G. M.
name: Son, D. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive some exact results concerning the response of strongly-interacting matter to external magnetic fields. Our results come from consideration of triangle anomalies in medium. First, we define an "axial magnetic susceptibility," then we examine its beahvior in two flavor QCD via response theory. In the chirally restored phase, this quantity is proportional to the fermion chemical potential, while in the phase of broken chiral symmetry it can be related, through triangle anomalies, to an in-medium amplitude for the neutral pion to decay to two photons. We confirm the latter result by calculation in a linear sigma model, where this amplitude is already known in the literature.
description: 13 pages, no figures, To be submitted to Physical Review D, fixed an omitted reference
Analytical and Numerical Investigation of the Phase-Locked Loop with Time Delay
Creators: name: Schanz, Michael
name: Pelster, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the normal form for the delay-induced Hopf bifurcation in the first-order phase-locked loop with time delay by the multiple scaling method. The resulting periodic orbit is confirmed by numerical simulations. Further detailed numerical investigations demonstrate exemplarily that this system reveals a rich dynamical behavior. With phase portraits, Fourier analysis and Lyapunov spectra it is possible to analyze the scaling properties of the control parameter in the period-doubling scenario, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Within the numerical accuracy there is evidence that the scaling constant of the time-delayed phase-locked loop coincides with the Feigenbaum constant $δ\approx 4.669$ in one-dimensional discrete systems.
description: 12 pages
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Kirkedepartementet
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1850

description: Ber VS uttale seg om en søknad til Oplysningsvæsenets fond vedr. fortsatt utgivelse av Fauna Norvegica
Student difficulties with finding the corrections to the energy spectrum of the hydrogen atom for the strong and weak field Zeeman effects using degenerate perturbation theory
Creators: name: Marshman, Emily
name: Keebaugh, Christof
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss an investigation of student difficulties with the corrections to the energy spectrum of the hydrogen atom for the strong and weak field Zeeman effects using degenerate perturbation theory. This investigation was carried out in advanced quantum mechanics courses by administering written free-response and multiple-choice questions and conducting individual interviews with students. We discuss the common student difficulties related to these concepts which can be used as a guide for creating learning tools to help students develop a functional understanding of concepts involving the corrections to the energy spectrum due to the Zeeman effect.
description: Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2006.05000
The economic forces driving the costs of food safety regulation
Creators: name: Ollinger, Michael
name: Moore, Danna L.
name: Ollinger, Michael
name: Moore, Danna L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The cost of compliance with the Pathogen Reduction Hazard Analysis Critical Control Program (PR/HACCP) rule of 1996 has been controversial from the time it was first proposed. Recent survey evidence indicates costs of about $0.01 per pound. These estimates may capture actual costs but do not indicate how different components of the rule itself, such as HACCP tasks, and indirect influences, such as plant size, affect costs differently. The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine these direct and indirect influences. Preliminary results suggest that plant size has a small, if any influence on costs. The most substantial direct cost is the cost of performing sanitation and tasks associated with a plant's HACCP process control plan.