cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nanomorphology of the blue iridescent wings of a giant tropical wasp, "Megascolia procer javanensis" (Hymenoptera)
Creators: name: Sarrazin, Michael
name: Vigneron, Jean Pol
name: Welch, Victoria
name: Rassart, Marie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The wings of the giant wasp "Megascolia Procer Javanensis" are opaque and iridescent. The origin of the blue-green iridescence is studied in detail, using reflection spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and physical modelling. It is shown that the structure responsible for the iridescence is a single homogeneous transparent chitin layer covering the whole surface of each wing. The opacity is essentially due to the presence of melanin in the stratified medium which forms the mechanical core of the wing.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Improved version. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
Additional file 2 of The value of genomic relationship matrices to estimate levels of inbreeding
Creators: name: Villanueva, Beatriz
name: Fernández, Almudena
name: Saura, María
name: Caballero, Armando
name: Fernández, Jesús
name: Morales-González, Elisabeth
name: Toro, Miguel A.
name: Pong-Wong, Ricardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Patterns of the rate of inbreeding depression for number of piglets born alive ( $$b$$ b ) when computed using different measures of genomic inbreeding ( $${F}_{L\&H}$$ F L & H : blue line, $${F}_{VR2}$$ F V R 2 : brown line, and $${F}_{YAN}$$ F YAN : red line) for each chromosome of the Guadyerbas genome. All genotyped sows with phenotypic data that were born from cohort 1 to cohort 6 were included in the analyses.
Emission of twisted photons by a Dirac electron in a strong magnetic field
Creators: name: Pavlov, I.
name: Karlovets, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spontaneous emission of a photon during the transitions between relativistic Landau states of an electron in a constant magnetic field that can reach the Schwinger value of $H_c = 4.4 \times 10^9$ T. In contrast to the conventional method in which detection of both the final electron and the photon is implied in a certain basis, here we derive the photon state as it evolves from the process itself. It is shown that the emitted photon state represents a twisted Bessel beam propagating along the field axis with a total angular momentum (TAM) projection onto this axis $\ell-\ell'$ where $\ell$ and $\ell'$ are the TAM of the initial electron and of the final one, respectively. Thus, the majority of the emitted photons turn out to be twisted with $\ell-\ell' \gtrsim 1$, even when the magnetic field reaches the critical value of $H\sim H_c$. The transitions without a change of the electron angular momentum, $\ell'=\ell$, are possible, yet much less probable. We also compare our findings with those for a spinless charged particle and demonstrate their good agreement for the transitions without change of the electron spin projection even in the critical fields, while the spin-flip transitions are generally suppressed. In addition, we argue that whereas the ambiguous choice of an electron spin operator affects the differential probability of emission, this problem can partially be circumvented for the photon evolved state because it is the electron TAM rather than the spin alone that defines the TAM of the emitted twisted photon.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Probing the nature of IGR J16493-4348: Spectral and temporal analysis of the 1-100 keV emission
Creators: name: Hill, A. B.
name: Dean, A. J.
name: Landi, R.
name: McBride, V. A.
name: De Rosa, A.
name: Bird, A. J.
name: Bazzano, A.
name: Sguera, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IGR J16493-4348 was one of the first new sources to be detected by the INTEGRAL gamma-ray telescope in the 18-100 keV energy band. Based upon spatial coincidence the source was originally associated with the free radio pulsar PSR J1649-4349. Presented here are the results of 2.8 Ms of observations made by the INTEGRAL mission and a 5.6 ks observation with the Swift X-ray Telescope. Spectral analysis indicates that the source is best modeled by an absorbed power law with a high energy cut-off at E$_{cut}$~15 keV and a hydrogen absorbing column of NH=5.4$^{+1.3}_{-1}$ x 10$^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$. Analysis of the light curves indicates that the source is a weak, persistent gamma-ray emitter showing indications of variability in the 2-9 and 22-100 keV bands. The average source flux is ~1.1 x 10^{-10} erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ in the 1-100 keV energy band. No coherent timing signal is identified at any timescale in the INTEGRAL or Swift data. The refined source location and positional uncertainty of IGR J16493-4348 places PSR J1649-4349 outside of the 90% error circle. We conclude that IGR J16493-4348 is not associated with PSR J1649-4349. Combining the INTEGRAL observations with Swift/XRT data and information gathered by RXTE and Chandra we suggest that IGR J16493-4348 is an X-ray binary; and that the source characteristics favour a high mass X-ray binary although an LMXB nature cannot be ruled out.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 7 pages, 5 figures (Note the resolution of figure 5 has been reduced)
title: DYNAMIC S0 GALAXIES: A CASE STUDY OF NGC 5866
Creators: name: Li, J-T
name: Wang, QD
name: Li, Z
name: Chen, Y
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: galaxies: elliptical and lenticular
subject: cD; galaxies: general; galaxies: individual (NGC 5866); galaxies: ISM
subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv. The published version is located at http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/706/1/693
description: S0 galaxies are often thought to be passively evolved from spirals after star formation is quenched. To explore what is actually occurring in such galaxies, we present a multi-wavelength case study of NGC 5866—a nearby edge-on S0 galaxy in a relatively isolated environment. This study shows strong evidence for dynamic activities in the interstellar medium, which are most likely driven by supernova explosions in the galactic disk and bulge. Understanding these activities can have strong implications for studying the evolution of such galaxies. We utilize Chandra, Hubble Space Telescope, and Spitzer data as well as ground-based observations to characterize the content, structure, and physical state of the medium and its interplay with the stellar component in NGC 5866. A cold gas disk is detected with an exponential scale height of ~102 pc. Numerous distinct off-disk dusty spurs are also clearly present: prominent ones can extend as far as ~3 × 102 pc from the galactic plane and are probably produced by individual SNe, whereas faint filaments can have ~kpc scale and are likely produced by SNe collectively in the disk/bulge. We also detect substantial amounts of diffuse Hα- and Pα-emitting gas with a comparable scale height as the cold gas. We find that the heating of the dust and warm ionized gas cannot be explained by the radiation from evolved stars alone, strongly indicating the presence of young stars in the galactic disk, though at a slow formation rate of ~0.05 M yr-1. We further reveal the presence of diffuse X-ray-emitting hot gas, which extends as far as 3.5 kpc away from the galactic plane and can be heated easily by Type Ia SNe in the bulge. However, the mean temperature of this gas is ~0.2 keV, substantially lower than what might be expected from the mass loss of evolved stars and Type Ia SNe heating alone in the galaxy, indicating that the mass loading from the cool gas is important. The total masses of the cold, warm ionized, and hot gases are ~5 × 108 M , 4 × 104 M , and 3 × 107 M , respectively. The relative richness of the gases, apparently undergoing circulations between the disk and halo of the galaxy, is perhaps a result of its relative isolation.
Unified physical framework for stretched-exponential, compressed-exponential, and logarithmic relaxation phenomena in glassy polymers
Creators: name: Ginzburg, Valeriy V.
name: Gendelman, Oleg V.
name: Zaccone, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a simple yet comprehensive nonlinear model to describe relaxation phenomena in amorphous glass-formers near the glass transition temperature. The model is based on the two-state, two-(time)scale (TS2) framework, and describes the isothermal relaxation of specific volume, enthalpy, or shear stress via a simple first-order nonlinear differential equation (the Trachenko-Zaccone [TZ] equation) for local cooperative events. These nonlinear dynamics of cooperatively rearranging regions (CRR) naturally arise from the TS2 framework. We demonstrate that the solutions of the TZ equation comprehensively encompass the Debye exponential relaxation, the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) stretched and compressed relaxations, and the Guiu-Pratt logarithmic relaxation. Furthermore, for the case of stress relaxation modeling, our model recovers, as one of its limits, the Eyring law for plastic flow, where the Eyring activation volume is related to thermodynamic parameters of the material. Using the example of polystyrene (PS), we demonstrate how our model successfully describes the Kovacs "asymmetry of approach" specific volume and enthalpy experiments, as well as the stress relaxation. Other potential applications of the model, including the dielectric relaxation, are also discussed. The presented approach disentangles the physical origins of different relaxation laws within a single general framework based on the underlying physics.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures; submitted to Macromolecules
Approximate Bayesian inference for a spatial point process model exhibiting regularity and random aggregation
Creators: name: Vihrs, Ninna
name: Møller, Jesper
name: Gelfand, Alan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a doubly stochastic spatial point process model with both aggregation and repulsion. This model combines the ideas behind Strauss processes and log Gaussian Cox processes. The likelihood for this model is not expressible in closed form but it is easy to simulate realisations under the model. We therefore explain how to use approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to carry out statistical inference for this model. We suggest a method for model validation based on posterior predictions and global envelopes. We illustrate the ABC procedure and model validation approach using both simulated point patterns and a real data example.
description: 37 pages, 10 figures; one line was added
Hadronic Event Shapes in $B$ Decay
Creators: name: Luke, Michael
name: Savage, Martin J.
name: Wise, Mark B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the differential momentum correlation function for hadrons produced in the decay of $B$-mesons. This measure of hadronic event shapes tests the free $b$-quark decay picture for nonleptonic and semileptonic decays of $B$-mesons. Our results can also be applied to $B_s$ and $Λ_b$ decay.
description: 11 pages, 3 uuencoded figures included, uses harvmac and epsf, UTPT 93-28, CMU-HEP 93-24, CALT-68-1905
Calculated Spin Fluctuational Pairing Interaction in HgBa2CuO4 using LDA+FLEX Method
Creators: name: Heier, Griffin
name: Savrasov, Sergey Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A combination of density functional theory in its local density approximation (LDA) with k- and $ω$ dependent self-energy found from fluctuational-exchange-type random phase approximation (FLEX-RPA) is utilized here to study superconducting pairing interaction in a prototype cuprate superconductor HgBa$_{2}$CuO$_{4}$. Although, FLEX-RPA methodology have been widely applied in the past to unconventional superconductors, previous studies were mostly based on tight-binding derived minimal Hamiltonians, while the approach presented here deals directly with the first principle electronic structure calculation of the studied material where spin and charge susceptibilities are evaluated for a correlated subset of the electronic Hilbert space as it is done in popular LDA+U and LDA+DMFT methods. Based on our numerically extracted pairing interaction among the Fermi surface electrons we exactly diagonalize a linearized BCS gap equation, whose highest eigenstate is expectantly found corresponding to $% d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}$ symmetry for a wide range of on-site Coulomb repulsions U and dopings that we treat using virtual crystal approximation. Calculated normal state self-energies show a weak k- and strong frequency dependence with particularly large electronic mass enhancement in the vicinity of spin density wave instability. Although the results presented here do not bring any surprisingly new physics to this very old problem, our approach is an attempt to establish the numerical procedure to evaluate material specific coupling constant $λ$ for high T$_{c}$ superconductors without reliance on tight-binding approximations of their electronic structures.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 3 of The value of genomic relationship matrices to estimate levels of inbreeding
Creators: name: Villanueva, Beatriz
name: Fernández, Almudena
name: Saura, María
name: Caballero, Armando
name: Fernández, Jesús
name: Morales-González, Elisabeth
name: Toro, Miguel A.
name: Pong-Wong, Ricardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Scatter plots for rates of inbreeding depression for number of piglets born alive ( $$b$$ b ) when computed using $${F}_{L\&H}$$ F L & H , $${F}_{VR2}$$ F V R 2 or $${F}_{YAN}$$ F YAN against each other, and corresponding correlation coefficients (r). All genotyped sows with phenotypic data that were born from cohort 1 to cohort 6 were included in the analyses. Values indicated with different colors correspond to regions presented in Fig. 7.
Magnetoresistance originated from charge-spin conversion in ferromagnet
Creators: name: Taniguchi, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse magnetoresistance in a ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic/ferromagnetic trilayer originated from charge-spin conversion by anomalous Hall effect is investigated theoretically. Solving the spin diffusion equation in bulk and using the spin-dependent Landauer formula at the ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic interface, an analytical formula of the transverse resistivity is obtained. The charge-spin conversion by the anomalous Hall effect contributes to the magnetoresistance in a manner proportional to the square of the spin anomalous Hall angle. The angular dependence of the magnetoresistance is basically identical to that of planar Hall effect, but has an additional term which depends on the relative angle of the magnetizations in two ferromagnets.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, conference proceeding of MMM 2017
Solvability of Vekua-type periodic operators and applications to classical equations
Creators: name: Kirilov, Alexandre
name: de Moraes, Wagner Augusto Almeida
name: Tokoro, Pedro Meyer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 35B10 Secondary 35E20, 30G20

description: In this note, we investigate Vekua-type periodic operators of the form $Pu=Lu-Au-B\bar u$, where $L$ is a constant coefficient partial differential operator. We provide a complete characterization of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability and global hypoellipticity of $P$. As an application, we provide a comprehensive characterization of Vekua-type operators associated with classical wave, heat, and Laplace equations.
description: 10 pages
On tetraquarks with hidden charm and strangeness as phi-psi(2S) hadrocharmonium
Creators: name: Panteleeva, Julia Yu.
name: Perevalova, Irina A.
name: Polyakov, Maxim V.
name: Schweitzer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the hadrocharmonium picture a $\bar cc$ state and a light hadron form a bound state. The effective interaction is described in terms of the chromoelectric polarizability of the $\bar cc$ state and energy-momentum-tensor densities of the light hadron. This picture is justified in the heavy quark limit, and may successfully account for a hidden-charm pentaquark state recently observed by LHCb. In this work we extend the formalism to the description of hidden-charm tetraquarks, and address the question of whether the resonant states observed by LHCb in the $J/ψ$-$ϕ$ spectrum can be described as hadrocharmonia. This is a non-trivial question because nothing is known about the $ϕ$ meson energy-momentum-tensor densities. With rather general assumptions about energy-momentum-tensor densities in the $ϕ$-meson we show that a $ψ(2S)$-$ϕ$ bound state can exist, and obtain a characteristic relation between its mass and width. We show that the tetraquark $X(4274)$ observed by LHCb in $J/ψ$-$ϕ$ spectrum is a good candidate for a hadrocharmonium. We make predictions which will allow testing this picture. Our method can be generalized to identify other potential hadrocharmonia.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, discussion improved and references added
Large-scale horizontal flows in the solar photosphere II: Long-term behaviour and magnetic activity response
Creators: name: Svanda, Michal
name: Klvana, Mirek
name: Sobotka, Michal
name: Bumba, Vaclav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, we have developed a method useful for mapping large-scale horizontal velocity fields in the solar photosphere. The method was developed, tuned and calibrated using the synthetic data. Now, we applied the method to the series of Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) dopplergrams covering almost one solar cycle in order to get the information about the long-term behaviour of surface flows. We have found that our method clearly reproduces the widely accepted properties of mean flow field components, such as torsional oscillations and a pattern of meridional circulation. We also performed a periodic analysis, however due to the data series length and large gaps we did not detect any significant periods. The relation between the magnetic activity influencing the mean zonal motion is studied. We found an evidence that the emergence of compact magnetic regions locally accelerates the rotation of supergranular pattern in their vicinity and that the presence of magnetic fields generally decelerates the rotation in the equatorial region. Our results show that active regions in the equatorial region emerge exhibiting a constant velocity (faster by 60 +/- 9 m/s than Carrington rate) suggesting that they emerge from the base of the surface radial shear at 0.95 R_sun, disconnect from their magnetic roots, and slow down during their evolution.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Rapidity scan approach for net-baryon cumulants with a statistical thermal model
Creators: name: Li, Jianing
name: Du, Lipei
name: Shi, Shuzhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Utilizing rapidity-dependent measurements to map the QCD phase diagram provides a complementary approach to traditional beam-energy-dependent measurements around midrapidity. The changing nature of thermodynamic properties of QCD matter along the beam axis in heavy-ion collisions at low collision energies both motivates and poses challenges for this method. In this study, we derive the analytical cumulant-generating function for subsystems within distinct rapidity windows, while accounting for global net-baryon charge conservation of the full system. Rapidity-dependent net-baryon cumulants are then calculated for a system exhibiting inhomogeneity along the beam axis, and their sensitivity to finite acceptances through changing rapidity bin widths is explored. We highlight the nontrivial behaviors exhibited by these cumulants, underscoring their importance in establishing a noncritical baseline for interpreting net-proton cumulants in the search for the QCD critical point. Finally, we discuss the implications of the rapidity scan for mapping the QCD phase diagram within the current context.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures. Content, figures, and references are updated to the publication version
The role of quality assurance for improving hospital management in Somalia
Creators: name: Fadumo, Abdi Ahmed
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: The role of quality
assurance for
improving hospital
management in Somalia

description:  

Quality assurance is paramount in enhancing hospital management via the delivery of quality healthcare, patient safety, and operational efficiency. This study examines the role of quality assurance in enhancing hospital management in the Somali context with focus on principal areas such as staff training, resource allocation, patient care policy, and health technology.

Using a mixed-methods design, data was collected through interviews and surveys among healthcare workers, hospital managers, and patients at sampled hospitals in Somalia. Findings indicate that while quality assurance practices have been implemented in certain hospitals, such constraints as substandard infrastructure, limited training programs, and inefficient monitoring mechanisms work against their functionality. Resource shortages and inconsistent enforcement of policies are also responsible for disparities in the quality of care.

The study highlights the need for formal quality assurance programs, continuous professional development of healthcare workers, and the application of technology to enhance hospital management. The study recommends the adoption of standardized quality assurance models, increased investment in healthcare infrastructure, and stronger regulatory enforcement to ensure compliance with best practices. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, hospital managers, and healthcare practitioners seeking to improve hospital management and patient care in Somalia.
Polymeric Systems for Gasotransmitter Delivery
Creators: name: SUL HWA YU
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 111504 Pharmaceutical Sciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This thesis describes the development of drug delivery systems capable of releasing therapeutic gas molecules. These were applied towards various cancer cells for the study of anti-cancer treatment.
Aspects of the pseudo Chiral Magnetic Effect in 2D Weyl-Dirac Matter
Creators: name: Mizher, Ana Julia
name: Hernandez-Ortiz, Saul
name: Raya, Alfredo
name: Villavicencio, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A connection is established between the continuum limit of the low-energy tight-binding description of graphene immersed in an in-plane magnetic field and the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Quantum Chromodynamics. A combination of mass gaps that explicitly breaks the equivalence of the Dirac cones, favoring an imbalance of pseudo-chiralities, is the essential ingredient to generate a non-dissipative electric current along the external field. Currents, number densities and condensates generated from this setup are investigated for different hierarchies of the energy scales involved.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. Several text improvements. Accepted for publication in European Physical Journal C
Additional file 4 of The value of genomic relationship matrices to estimate levels of inbreeding
Creators: name: Villanueva, Beatriz
name: Fernández, Almudena
name: Saura, María
name: Caballero, Armando
name: Fernández, Jesús
name: Morales-González, Elisabeth
name: Toro, Miguel A.
name: Pong-Wong, Ricardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4. Patterns of different measures of genomic inbreeding ( $${F}_{L\&H}$$ F L & H : blue line, $${F}_{L\&H2}$$ F L & H 2 : grey line, $${F}_{VR1}$$ F V R 1 : light brown line, $${F}_{VR2}$$ F V R 2 : dark brown line, and $${F}_{YAN}$$ F YAN : red line) in cohort 6 for each chromosome of the Guadyerbas genome when using SNPs with a MAF higher than 0 in cohort 1.
On hyperbolic rational maps with finitely connected Fatou sets
Creators: name: Luo, Yusheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F05, 37F15, 37F20, 37F25, 37F30, 37F40, 37P05, 37P40, 37P50

description: In this paper, we study hyperbolic rational maps with finitely connected Fatou sets. We construct models of post-critically finite hyperbolic tree mapping schemes for such maps, generalizing post-critically finite rational maps in the case of connected Julia set. We show they are general limits of rational maps as we quasiconformally stretch the dynamics. Conversely, we use quasiconformal surgery to show any post-critically finite hyperbolic tree mapping scheme arises as such a limit. We construct abundant examples thanks to the flexibilities of the models, and use them to construct a sequence of rational maps of a fixed degree with infinitely many non-monomial rescaling limits.
description: 45 pages, 26 figures. Final version, to appear in J. Lond. Math. Soc
Inducing and Manipulating Magnetization in Two-Dimensional ZnO by Strain and External Gating
Creators: name: Taivansaikhan, P.
name: Tsevelmaa, T.
name: Rhim, S. H.
name: Hong, S. C.
name: Odkhuu, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional structures that exhibit intriguing magnetic phenomena such as perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and switchable magnetization are of great interests in spintronics research. Herein, the density-functional theory studies reveal the critical impacts of strain and external gating on vacancy-induced magnetism and its spin direction in a graphene-like single layer of zinc oxide (ZnO). In contrast to the pristine and defective ZnO with an O-vacancy, the presence of a Zn-vacancy induces significant magnetic moments to its first neighboring O and Zn atoms due to the charge deficit. We further predict that the direction of magnetization easy axis reverses from an in-plane to perpendicular orientation under a practically achieved biaxial compressive strain of $\sim$1--2\% or applying an electric-field by means of the charge density modulation. This magnetization reversal is driven by the strain- and electric-field-induced changes in the spin-orbit coupled \emph{d} states of the first-neighbor Zn atom to the Zn-vacancy. These findings open interesting prospects for exploiting strain and electric-field engineering to manipulate magnetism and magnetization orientation of two-dimensional materials.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Mobile-Seed: Joint Semantic Segmentation and Boundary Detection for Mobile Robots
Creators: name: Liao, Youqi
name: Kang, Shuhao
name: Li, Jianping
name: Liu, Yang
name: Liu, Yun
name: Dong, Zhen
name: Yang, Bisheng
name: Chen, Xieyuanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Precise and rapid delineation of sharp boundaries and robust semantics is essential for numerous downstream robotic tasks, such as robot grasping and manipulation, real-time semantic mapping, and online sensor calibration performed on edge computing units. Although boundary detection and semantic segmentation are complementary tasks, most studies focus on lightweight models for semantic segmentation but overlook the critical role of boundary detection. In this work, we introduce Mobile-Seed, a lightweight, dual-task framework tailored for simultaneous semantic segmentation and boundary detection. Our framework features a two-stream encoder, an active fusion decoder (AFD) and a dual-task regularization approach. The encoder is divided into two pathways: one captures category-aware semantic information, while the other discerns boundaries from multi-scale features. The AFD module dynamically adapts the fusion of semantic and boundary information by learning channel-wise relationships, allowing for precise weight assignment of each channel. Furthermore, we introduce a regularization loss to mitigate the conflicts in dual-task learning and deep diversity supervision. Compared to existing methods, the proposed Mobile-Seed offers a lightweight framework to simultaneously improve semantic segmentation performance and accurately locate object boundaries. Experiments on the Cityscapes dataset have shown that Mobile-Seed achieves notable improvement over the state-of-the-art (SOTA) baseline by 2.2 percentage points (pp) in mIoU and 4.2 pp in mF-score, while maintaining an online inference speed of 23.9 frames-per-second (FPS) with 1024x2048 resolution input on an RTX 2080 Ti GPU. Additional experiments on CamVid and PASCAL Context datasets confirm our method's generalizability. Code and additional results are publicly available at https://whu-usi3dv.github.io/Mobile-Seed/.
description: Accepted by IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L) 2024. Code, pre-trained models and additional results are available at https://whu-usi3dv.github.io/Mobile-Seed/
Central engine afterglow of Gamma-ray Bursts
Creators: name: Fan, Yi-Zhong
name: Piran, Tsvi
name: Wei, Da-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Before 2004, nearly all GRB afterglow data could be understood in the context of the external shocks model. This situation has changed in the past two years, when it became clear that some afterglow components should be attributed to the activity of the central engine; i.e., the {\it central engine afterglow}. We review here the afterglow emission that is directly related to the GRB central engine. Such an interpretation proposed by Katz, Piran & Sari, peculiar in pre-{\it Swift} era, has become generally accepted now.
description: 4 pages including 1 figure. Presented at the conference "Astrophysics of Compact Objects" (July 1-7, 2007; Huangshan, China)
Data-Driven Distributed Stochastic Model Predictive Control with Closed-Loop Chance Constraint Satisfaction
Creators: name: Muntwiler, Simon
name: Wabersich, Kim P.
name: Hewing, Lukas
name: Zeilinger, Melanie N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Distributed model predictive control methods for uncertain systems often suffer from considerable conservatism and can tolerate only small uncertainties due to the use of robust formulations that are amenable to distributed design and optimization methods. In this work, we propose a distributed stochastic model predictive control (DSMPC) scheme for dynamically coupled linear discrete-time systems subject to unbounded additive disturbances that are potentially correlated in time. An indirect feedback formulation ensures recursive feasibility of the DSMPC problem, and a data-driven, distributed and optimization-free constraint tightening approach allows for exact satisfaction of chance constraints during closed-loop control, addressing typical sources of conservatism. The computational complexity of the proposed controller is similar to nominal distributed MPC. The approach is demonstrated in simulation for the temperature control of a large-scale data center subject to randomly varying computational loads.
description: *Simon Muntwiler and Kim P. Wabersich contributed equally to this work
Multi-Agent Motion Planning with Bézier Curve Optimization under Kinodynamic Constraints
Creators: name: Yan, Jingtian
name: Li, Jiaoyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-Agent Motion Planning (MAMP) is a problem that seeks collision-free dynamically-feasible trajectories for multiple moving agents in a known environment while minimizing their travel time. MAMP is closely related to the well-studied Multi-Agent Path-Finding (MAPF) problem. Recently, MAPF methods have achieved great success in finding collision-free paths for a substantial number of agents. However, those methods often overlook the kinodynamic constraints of the agents, assuming instantaneous movement, which limits their practicality and realism. In this paper, we present a three-level MAPF-based planner called PSB to address the challenges posed by MAMP. PSB fully considers the kinodynamic capability of the agents and produces solutions with smooth speed profiles that can be directly executed by the controller. Empirically, we evaluate PSB within the domains of traffic intersection coordination for autonomous vehicles and obstacle-rich grid map navigation for mobile robots. PSB shows up to 49.79% improvements in solution cost compared to existing methods.
Differential effects of light-to-dark transitions on phase setting in circadian expression among clock-controlled genes in Pharbitis nil
Creators: name: R. Hayama
name: T. Mizoguchi
name: G. Coupland
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The circadian clock is synchronized by the day-night cycle to allow plants to anticipate daily environmental changes and to recognize annual changes in day length enabling seasonal flowering. This clock system has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana and was found to be reset by the dark to light transition at dawn. By contrast, studies on photoperiodic flowering of Pharbitis nil revealed the presence of a clock system reset by the transition from light to dark at dusk to measure the duration of the night. However, a Pharbitis photosynthetic gene was also shown to be insensitive to this dusk transition and to be set by dawn. Thus Pharbitis appeared to have two clock systems, one set by dusk that controls photoperiodic flowering and a second controlling photosynthetic gene expression similar to that of Arabidopsis. Here, we show that circadian mRNA expression of Pharbitis homologs of a series of Arabidopsis clock or clock-controlled genes are insensitive to the dusk transition. These data further define the presence in Pharbitis of a clock system that is analogous to the Arabidopsis system, which co-exists and functions with the dusk-set system dedicated to the control of photoperiodic flowering.
Optimal Pilot Symbols Ratio in terms of Spectrum and Energy Efficiency in Uplink CoMP Networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuhao
name: Cui, Qimei
name: Wang, Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In wireless networks, Spectrum Efficiency (SE) and Energy Efficiency (EE) can be affected by the channel estimation that needs to be well designed in practice. In this paper, considering channel estimation error and non-ideal backhaul links, we optimize the pilot symbols ratio in terms of SE and EE in uplink Coordinated Multi-point (CoMP) networks. Modeling the channel estimation error, we formulate the SE and EE maximization problems by analyzing the system capacity with imperfect channel estimation. The maximal system capacity in SE optimization and the minimal transmit power in EE optimization, which both have the closed-form expressions, are derived by some reasonable approximations to reduce the complexity of solving complicated equations. Simulations are carried out to validate the superiority of our scheme, verify the accuracy of our approximation, and show the effect of pilot symbols ratio.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)
Additional file 1 of Heart rate detection properties of dry-electrode ECG compared to conventional 3-lead gel-electrode ECG in newborns
Creators: name: Pike, Hanne
name: Eilevstjønn, Joar
name: Bjorland, Peder
name: Linde, Jørgen
name: Ersdal, Hege
name: Rettedal, Siren
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Heart rate variability between devices. Figure S1. Heart rate variability over time in an individual newborn.
The Neutrino Mass Spectrum in the Supersymmetric Flipped SU(5)xU(1) GUT Model
Creators: name: Ranfone, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of the supersymmetric flipped $SU(5)\otimes U(1)$ GUT model, we have studied in detail the neutrino mass spectrum, obtaining an approximate formula for the corresponding effective three-generation mass matrix. It is found that at least two neutrinos are expected to have extremely small masses of no particular interest. The third neutrino, on the other hand, may eventually get a mass of order $10^{-3}$ eV, of relevance for the solution of the solar neutrino problem with the MSW mechanism, as a consequence of vacuum-expectation-values at the GUT mass scale for some of the scalar partners of the right-handed neutrinos.
description: 11 pages UAB-FT-324
Quantum homogenization and state randomization in semi-quantal spin systems
Creators: name: Koniorczyk, Matyas
name: Varga, Arpad
name: Rapcan, Peter
name: Buzek, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate dynamics of semi-quantal spin systems in which quantum bits are attached to classically and possibly stochastically moving classical particles. The interaction between the quantum bits takes place when the respective classical particles get close to each other in space. We find that with Heisenberg XX couplings quantum homogenization takes place after a time long enough, regardless of the details of the underlying classical dynamics. This is accompanied by the development of a stationary bipartite entanglement. If the information on the details of the motion of a stochastic classical system is disregarded, the stationary state of the whole quantum subsystem is found to be a complete mixture in the studied cases, though the transients depend on the properties of the classical motion.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures (included)
Inelastic O+H collisions and the OI 777nm solar centre-to-limb variation
Creators: name: Amarsi, A. M.
name: Barklem, P. S.
name: Asplund, M.
name: Collet, R.
name: Zatsarinny, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The OI 777 nm triplet is a key diagnostic of oxygen abundances in the atmospheres of FGK-type stars; however it is sensitive to departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). The accuracy of non-LTE line formation calculations has hitherto been limited by errors in the inelastic O+H collisional rate coefficients: several recent studies have used the so-called Drawin recipe, albeit with a correction factor $\mathrm{S_{H}}$ that is calibrated to the solar centre-to-limb variation of the triplet. We present a new model oxygen atom that incorporates inelastic O+H collisional rate coefficients using an asymptotic two-electron model based on linear combinations of atomic orbitals, combined with a free electron model, based on the impulse approximation. Using a 3D hydrodynamic stagger model solar atmosphere and 3D non-LTE line formation calculations, we demonstrate that this physically-motivated approach is able to reproduce the solar centre-to-limb variation of the triplet to 0.02 dex, without any calibration of the inelastic collisional rate coefficients or other free parameters. We infer $\logε_{\mathrm{O}}=8.69\pm0.03$ from the triplet alone, strengthening the case for a low solar oxygen abundance.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures; published in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Optical structure and function of the white filamentary hair covering the edelweiss bracts
Creators: name: Vigneron, Jean Pol
name: Rassart, Marie
name: Vertesy, Zofia
name: Kertesz, Krisztian
name: Sarrazin, Michael
name: Biro, Laszlo P.
name: Ertz, Damien
name: Lousse, Virginie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical properties of the inflorescence of the high-altitude ''Leontopodium nivale'' subsp. ''alpinum'' (edelweiss) is investigated, in relation with its submicrometer structure, as determined by scanning electron microscopy. The filaments forming the hair layer have been found to exhibit an internal structure which may be one of the few examples of a photonic structure found in a plant. Measurements of light transmission through a self-supported layer of hair pads taken from the bracts supports the idea that the wooly layer covering the plant absorbs near-ultraviolet radiation before it reaches the cellular tissue. Calculations based on a photonic-crystal model provides insight on the way radiation can be absorbed by the filamentary threads.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures. Published paper
A composite ansatz for the calculation of dynamical structure factor
Creators: name: Zhang, Yupei
name: Mo, Chongjie
name: Zhang, Ping
name: Kang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an ansatz without adjustable parameters for the calculation of dynamical structure factor. The ansatz combines quasi-particle Green's function, especially the contribution from the renormalization factor, and the exchange-correlation kernel from time-dependent density functional theory together, verified for typical metals and semiconductors from plasmon excitation regime to Compton scattering regime. It has the capability to reconcile both small-angle and large-angle x-ray scattering (IXS) signals with much improved accuracy, which can be used, as the theoretical base model, in inversely inferring electronic structures of condensed matter from IXS experimental signals directly. It may also used to diagnose thermal parameters, such as temperature and density, of dense plasmas in x-ray Thomson scattering experiments.
Band profiles and band strengths in mixed H2O:CO ices
Creators: name: Bouwman, Jordy
name: Ludwig, Wiebke
name: Awad, Zainab
name: Oberg, Karin I.
name: Fuchs, Guido W.
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
name: Linnartz, Harold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A laboratory study on the band profiles and band strengths of H2O in CO ice, and vice versa, is presented and interpreted in terms of two models. The results show that a mutual interaction takes place between the two species in the solid, which alters the band positions and band strengths. It is found that the band strengths of the H2O bulk stretch, bending and libration vibrational bands decrease linearly by a factor of up to 2 when the CO concentration is increased from 0 to 80%. By contrast, the band strength of the free OH stretch increases linearly. The results are compared to a recently performed quantitative study on H2O:CO2 ice mixtures. It is shown that for mixing ratios of 1:0.5 H2O:X and higher, the H2O bending mode offers a good tracer to distinguish between CO2 or CO in H2O ice. Additionally, it is found that the band strength of the CO fundamental remains constant when the water concentration is increased in the ice. The integrated absorbance of the 2152 cm-1 CO feature, with respect to the total integrated CO absorption feature, is found to be a good indicator of the degree of mixing of CO in the H2O:CO laboratory ice system. From the change in the H2O absorption band strength in laboratory ices upon mixing we conclude that astronomical water ice column densities on various lines of sight can be underestimated by up to 25% if significant amounts of CO and CO2 are mixed in.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Performance of a new ceramic microfiltration membrane based on kaolin in textile industry wastewater treatment
Creators: name: Saini, Priyanka
name: Bulasara, Vijaya Kumar
name: Akepati S. Reddy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: A ceramic microfiltration membrane with a porosity of 40.2%, mean pore diameter of 0.27 μm, and a flexural strength of 55 MPa was prepared and applied for treatment of two types of textile dye-bath effluents. The ceramic membrane had a water permeability of 1376 L/m2.h.bar and showed excellent corrosion resistance against basic medium. Considerable removal of COD (25%), TDS (31%), BOD (39%), turbidity (21%), sulphates (34%), chlorides (33%), and color (26%) from textile effluents was achieved in the microfiltration treatment along with complete (100%) removal of TSS. This study revealed that filtration of textile effluents using a sub-micron range ceramic membrane (0.27 μm) is more effective than traditional microfiltration membranes (2–10 μm). The flux data fitted well with the standard pore blocking model indicating that the removal of various contaminants is due to adsorption of solutes on the interior surfaces of membrane pores.