cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Solar Energy Generation in Three Dimensions
Creators: name: Bernardi, Marco
name: Ferralis, Nicola
name: Wan, Jin H.
name: Villalon, Rachelle
name: Grossman, Jeffrey C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate, solve computationally and study experimentally the problem of collecting solar energy in three dimensions(1-5). We demonstrate that absorbers and reflectors can be combined in the absence of sun tracking to build three-dimensional photovoltaic (3DPV) structures that can generate measured energy densities (energy per base area, kWh/m2) higher by a factor of 2-20 than stationary flat PV panels, versus an increase by a factor of 1.3-1.8 achieved with a flat panel using dual-axis sun tracking(6). The increased energy density is countered by a higher solar cell area per generated energy for 3DPV compared to flat panel design (by a factor of 1.5-4 in our conditions), but accompanied by a vast range of improvements. 3DPV structures are steadier sources of solar energy generation at all latitudes: they can double the number of peak power generation hours and dramatically reduce the seasonal, latitude and weather variations of solar energy generation compared to a flat panel design. Self-supporting 3D shapes can create new schemes for PV installation and the increased energy density can facilitate the use of cheaper thin film materials in area-limited applications. Our findings suggest that harnessing solar energy in three dimensions can open new avenues towards Terawatt-scale generation.
description: 40 pages, 16 pages paper (3 figures), 24 pages supplementary information (7 figures). Energy and Environmental Science (2012, Published on-line)
A Meaning-Based Multiple-Choice Test of Pragmatic Knowledge: Does It Work?
Creators: name: Beltran, Jorge Luis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Pragmatics
Second language acquisition--Ability testing
Educational tests and measurements--Evaluation
Speech acts (Linguistics)
Multiple-choice examinations

description: One of the most recent developments in language assessment, the assessment of pragmatic ability, continues to face a number of challenges. Among these, a key issue is that pragmatic ability remains as one of the least understood constructs in the field. While pragmatic ability has been the focus of much research in the last few decades, there is still a lack of consensus as to what components constitute this construct (Timpe-Laughlin, Wain, & Schmidgall, 2015). In addition, researchers differ in their perceptions of how it can be effectively and reliably elicited and assessed, particularly where practicality considerations may be of paramount concern. As such, along with the issue of construct definition, there is the paradox regarding which elicitation methods are to be used in this type of assessment.
Additional file 1 of Adherence to healthy diet and risk of cardiovascular disease in adult survivors of childhood cancer in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Lan, Tuo
name: Wang, Mei
name: Ehrhardt, Matthew J.
name: Jiang, Shu
name: Lanctot, Jennifer Q.
name: Armstrong, Gregory T.
name: Hudson, Melissa M.
name: Colditz, Graham A.
name: Robison, Leslie L.
name: Park, Yikyung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Components and standards for scoring for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Healthy Eating Index-2015, and Alternate Mediterranean diet. Figure S1. Radar plot showing the mean percentage of each component score received in men and women. Table S2. Characteristics of childhood cancer survivors by cardiovascular diseasestatus in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. Table S3. Characteristics of childhood cancer survivors by quintiles of DASH in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. Table S4. Characteristics of childhood cancer survivors by tertiles of Mediterranean Diet in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. Figure S2. Non-parametric regression curves1 for associations between DASH and risk of CVD in St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. Figure S3. Non-parametric regression curves1 for associations between Mediterranean diet and risk of CVD in St. JudeLifetime Cohort Study.
The Clash of Liberalizations: Preferential Trade Agreements as a Stumbling Block to Multilateral Liberalization
Creators: name: Limão, Nuno
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Economics

description: All great economists produce seminal contributions and provide their students and colleagues with brilliant insights; Jagdish Bhagwati has certainly done so. But he has done much more. Through his wit and energy he has communicated those insights to the public and wielded our best science to improve trade policy making. In this note we address the question in which his unique blend of academic and policy work has been most valuable in the last 15 years: whether preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are a stumbling block to multilateral trade liberalization (MTL). Given that all WTO members except Mongolia are now members of a PTA and yet most are also nonmembers of most PTAs this question has arguably become the most important one in trade policy. Bhagwati first launched the warning in 1991 and challenged trade economists to tackle it. His work has inspired a voluminous theoretical literature as well as recent evidence that suggests there is indeed a clash between preferential and
multilateral liberalization.
The Launching of the Student Sit-in Movement: The Role of Black Women at Bennett College
Creators: name: Flowers, Deidre Bennett
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Civil rights movements
Civil rights demonstrations
Student movements
African American women college students
Student protesters

description: The essay explores the involvement of the women at Bennett College for Women, one of two Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) that continues the mission of solely educating women, in the student-led sit in movement launched in Greensboro, North Carolina in February 1960. It examines the student participants in the movement, and the theories of organization that help to provide explanations for these protest activities.
Statistics of circular interface fluctuations in an off-lattice Eden model
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Kazumasa A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scale-invariant fluctuations of growing interfaces are studied for circular clusters of an off-lattice variant of the Eden model, which belongs to the (1+1)-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. Statistical properties of the height (radius) fluctuations are numerically determined and compared with the recent theoretical developments as well as the author's experimental result on growing interfaces in turbulent liquid crystal [K. A. Takeuchi and M. Sano, arXiv:1203.2530]. We focus in particular on analytically unsolved properties such as the temporal correlation function and the persistence probability in space and time. Good agreement with the experiment is found in characteristic quantities for them, which implies that the geometry-dependent universality of the KPZ class holds here as well, but otherwise a few dissimilarities are also found. Finite-time corrections in the cumulants of the distribution are also studied and shown to decay as $t^{-2/3}$ for the mean, in contrast to $t^{-1/3}$ reported for all the previously known cases.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures; reference updated (v2,v3); minor changes in text (v3)
Weighted Sobolev spaces of radially symmetric functions
Creators: name: Musina, Roberta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove dilation invariant inequalities involving radial functions, poliharmonic operators and weights that are powers of the distance from the origin. Then we discuss the existence of extremals and in some cases we compute the best constants.
description: 38 pages
Assessing L2 Pragmatics: Issues and Considerations
Creators: name: Carroll, Brian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Second language acquisition
Pragmatics
Second language acquisition--Study and teaching
Speech acts (Linguistics)

description: Once considered separate and discrete knowledge components, current theoretical and methodological perspectives now view second language (L2) proficiency as a dynamic, cognitive process comprised of several interacting knowledge components and abilities. Theoretical definitions tend to attribute L2 proficiency to two main components. First, the general consensus among L2 assessment researchers is that L2 users leverage their knowledge of the formal and organizational structures of language (i.e., syntax, lexis, and phonology) to comprehend and formulate cohesive discourse. However, pragmatic knowledge, which is responsible for shaping the manner in which these formal structures are comprehended and produced in relation to the context in which they occur, has been more difficult to define and operationalize. This discussion will examine evolving research in the assessment of L2 pragmatic knowledge and indicate gaps between contemporary theoretical definitions, operationalization, and measurement methods.
Tsunami sedimentary deposits of Crete records climate during the ‘Minoan Warming Period' (≈3350 yr BP)
Creators: name: Lécuyer, Christophe
name: Atrops, François
name: Amiot, Romain
name: Angst, Delphine
name: Daux, Valérie
name: Flandrois, Jean-Pierre
name: Fourel, François
name: Rey, Kevin
name: Royer, Aurélien
name: Seris, Magali
name: Touzeau, Alexandra
name: Rousseau, Denis-Didier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Tsunamis
subject: Sedimentary rocks
subject: Fossils
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Earthquakes or explosive eruptions generate tsunami, which are at the origin of thick and chaotic coastal sediments. These commonly fossiliferous deposits are formed instantaneously at the historical or geological timescale and therefore have the potential to provide snapshot records of past climates. In Crete, near the city of Palaikastro, crops out a 1- to 9-m-thick sedimentary layer deposited by a huge tsunami that has been previously estimated to be about 9 m high. The presence of volcanic ash, the geometry, the archeological and faunal contents of the sedimentary deposit along with radiocarbon dating converge for interpreting this tsunamite as coeval with the Minoan Santorini (Thera) eruption ≈3350 yr BP. During its drawback, the tsunami deposited rocky blocks and a muddy matrix containing mollusc shells dredged from the seabed as well as cattle skeletal remains and various artifacts belonging to the contemporaneous Minoan civilization. While the oxygen isotope compositions of terrestrial vertebrate bone remains most likely resulted from diagenetic alteration, those of a bovid tooth revealed that air temperatures during MM3 and LM1 periods were about 4°C higher than nowadays. Oxygen isotope measurements of marine mollusc shells also revealed that sea surface temperatures were higher by about 2°C. Those results compare with the 2.5°C temperature difference already estimated according to both δ2H and δ18O values of Greenland ice cores. Incremental sampling of marine gastropods and bovid teeth suggests that the seasonal amplitude was similar to that prevailing during the second half of the 20th century.
Az olvasási készség vizsgálata afáziás betegeknél a háromutas olvasásvizsgáló teszttel
Creators: name: Dankovics, Natália
name: Mokuolu, Tímea
name: Pelyvás, Károlyné
Publisher: name: Debreceni Egyetem
Year: 2017

description: Különleges Bánásmód, vol. 3. issue 2. ISSN 2498-5368
Spectra probing the number ratio of C- to M-type AGB stars in the NGC 6822 galaxy
Creators: name: Kacharov, Nikolay
name: Rejkuba, Marina
name: Cioni, Maria-Rosa L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We calibrate spectroscopically the C- versus (vs.) M-type asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star selection made using near-IR photometry, and investigate the spatial distribution of the C/M ratio in NGC 6822, based on low resolution spectroscopy and near-IR photometry. Methods: We obtained low resolution multi-object spectroscopy with the VIMOS instrument at the ESO VLT of ~ 800 stars in seven fields centred on NGC 6822. The spectroscopic classification of giant stars in NGC 6822 and foreground dwarf contaminants was made by comparing more than 500 good quality spectra with the spectroscopic atlas of Turnshek et al. (1985). The sample of spectroscopically confirmed AGB stars in NGC 6822 is divided into C- and M-rich giants to constrain the C vs. M AGB star selection criteria based on photometry. The larger near-IR photometric sample is then used to investigate the C/M ratio gradients across the galaxy. Results: We present the largest catalogue of near-IR photometry and spectra of AGB stars in NGC 6822 with 150 C-stars and 122 M-stars. Seventy-nine percent of the C-stars in our catalogue are redder than (J-K)0=1.2 mag, and 12% are brighter than K0=16.45 mag and bluer than (J-K)0=1.2 mag. The remaining 9% are mixed with the M-type AGB stars, 88% of which have colours J-H0>0.73 mag and (J-K)0 between 0.9 mag and 1.2 mag. The remainder are mixed with dwarfs and C-type stars. The foreground dwarfs have preferably colours (J-H)0<0.73 mag (95%). Using the proposed criteria, we estimate that the overall C/M ratio of the galaxy is around 0.8 with a spread between 0.2
description: A&A, in press
Additional file 1 of Visualizing the dynamic mechanical power and time burden of mechanical ventilation patients: an analysis of the MIMIC-IV database
Creators: name: Chen, Han
name: Chen, Zhi-Zhong
name: Gong, Shu-Rong
name: Yu, Rong-Guo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biophysics
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Description of missing data. Table S2. Multivariate model encompassed all potential confounders. Figure S1. Heatmap illustrating the percentage odds ratio deviation. Figure S2. Grid plots of fitting curves for mortality risk using percentage odds ratio deviation. Figure S3. Grid plots of fitting curves for mortality risk of the P/F ratio < 200 mmHg and the P/F ratio < 100 mmHg subgroups. Figure S4. Heatmap and fitting curve illustrating the odds ratio deviation in all mechanical ventilation patients.
Singularities in cosmologies with interacting fluids
Creators: name: Cotsakis, Spiros
name: Kittou, Georgia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics near finite-time singularities of flat isotropic universes filled with two interacting but otherwise arbitrary perfect fluids. The overall dynamical picture reveals a variety of asymptotic solutions valid locally around the spacetime singularity. We find the attractor of all solutions with standard decay, and for `phantom' matter asymptotically at early times. We give a number of special asymptotic solutions describing universes collapsing to zero size and others ending at a big rip singularity. We also find a very complicated singularity corresponding with a logarithmic branch point that resembles of cyclic universe, and give an asymptotic local series representation of the general solution in the neighborhood of infinity.
description: 15 pages, matches version to appear in Phys.Lett.B., more references, derivation of main system added, various improvements
The supernova-regulated ISM. I. The multi-phase structure
Creators: name: Gent, F. A.
name: Shukurov, A.
name: Fletcher, A.
name: Sarson, G. R.
name: Mantere, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T80

description: We simulate the multi-phase interstellar medium randomly heated and stirred by supernovae, with gravity, differential rotation and other parameters of the solar neighbourhood. Here we describe in detail both numerical and physical aspects of the model, including injection of thermal and kinetic energy by SN explosions, radiative cooling, photoelectric heating and various transport processes. With 3D domain extending 1 kpc^2 horizontally and 2 kpc vertically, the model routinely spans gas number densities 10^-5 - 10^2 cm^-3, temperatures 10-10^8 K, local velocities up to 10^3 km s^-1 (with Mach number up to 25). The thermal structure of the modelled ISM is classified by inspection of the joint probability density of the gas number density and temperature. We confirm that most of the complexity can be captured in terms of just three phases, separated by temperature borderlines at about 10^3 K and 5x10^5 K. The probability distribution of gas density within each phase is approximately lognormal. We clarify the connection between the fractional volume of a phase and its various proxies, and derive an exact relation between the fractional volume and the filling factors defined in terms of the volume and probabilistic averages. These results are discussed in both observational and computational contexts. The correlation scale of the random flows is calculated from the velocity autocorrelation function; it is of order 100 pc and tends to grow with distance from the mid-plane. We use two distinct parameterizations of radiative cooling to show that the multi-phase structure of the gas is robust, as it does not depend significantly on this choice.
description: 28 pages, 22 figures and 8 tables
Inclusiveness and status in international organizations : cases of democratic norm development and policy implementation in the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the United Nations
Creators: name: Hecht, Catherine Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: The tension between sovereign equality and democratic status, or hierarchies based on democratic governance, is under-analyzed in scholarship of international organizations (IOs). IOs with formally inclusive compositions derive moral authority and legitimacy from their inclusiveness. Yet this inclusiveness is challenged by democratic status, with varied consequences. Scholarly explanations of democratic norm development in IOs typically credit the favorable environment at the end of the Cold War, interests of a hegemonic power, those of established democracies, interests of new democracies to “lock in” democratic systems, or the autonomy of international institutions. Existing accounts have thus under-emphasized inclusive institutions and democratic status as important (and interacting) explanatory variables. This dissertation draws on insights from literature on institutional design, constructivism, and social psychology to examine the evolution and roles of inclusive institutions and democratic status in the development of democratic norms and policy implementation in two inclusive IOs: the United Nations (UN) and the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe/Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE/OSCE) between the respective origins of the organizations in 1945 or 1973 and 2010. While inclusive institutions sometimes lead to deadlock, under certain conditions, and counter to conventional wisdom, they have occasionally proven highly supportive of democratic norm development. This study examines influential mechanisms, including relations between inclusive institutions and windows of opportunity, norm restatements and re-consideration of failed proposals, issue linkage, contributions of procedural legitimacy to norm expansion, inclusive institutions’ role in (re-)authorizing (or inhibiting) implementation policies, and vulnerability to shifts in political will. The dissertation draws on content analysis through process tracing of archival data and statements, counterfactual analysis, and semi-structured interviews. To assess the evolution and influence of democratic status, new indicators are developed. The study employs and adapts concepts from social identity theory and emphasizes additional factors (e.g. salience of democratic status, appeal of prototypical states, and prestige of IOs) that also affect states’ pursuit of strategies of social mobility, social competition, or social creativity, thus contributing to cooperation or discord for democratic norm development in inclusive IOs. Counter-intuitively, the institutionalization of a norm can, in fact, lead to regress.
Architectural Drawing of Elevation and Planting Plan For Large Trees, Shopping Center, Stony Brook, L.I., April 12, 1941
Creators: name: Smith, Herbert E.
name: Melville, Ward, 1887-1977
name: Organization, Ward Melville Heritage
name: Stony Brook Community Fund
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Stony Brook
Sketches
Blueprints
Plans
Architects
Shopping centers
Architectural drawings
Stores & shops

description: This architectural drawing shows the elevation plan and landscaping plan for a shopping center located in Stony Brook, L.I. This drawing was done by architect, Herbert E. Smith and is dated for April 12, 1941. Included in the drawing are the type of trees to be planted and the names of some of the store fronts.
European Loess Records
Creators: name: Rousseau, Denis-Didier
name: Derbyshire, Edward
name: Antoine, Pierre
name: Hatté, Christine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Loess
Carbon--Isotopes
Ice cores
Climatic changes

description: Considering their distribution, thickness, and complexity around the margins of the Quaternary ice-sheets in the Northern Hemisphere, loess sequences can be considered as one of the best records of global environmental changes on the continents. European loess sequences have been intensively studied for many decades, but increasingly higher stratigraphic resolution and the availability of a growing range of climate proxy indicators has resulted in some notable advances in recent years. Climatic variability has been analyzed at high resolution, based on different proxies.
Rare event simulation for processes generated via stochastic fixed point equations
Creators: name: Collamore, Jeffrey F.
name: Diao, Guoqing
name: Vidyashankar, Anand N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C05, 91G60, 68W40, 60H25 (Primary) 60F10, 60G40, 60J05, 60J10, 60J22, 60K15, 60K20, 60G70, 68U20, 91B30, 91B70, 91G70 (Secondary)

description: In a number of applications, particularly in financial and actuarial mathematics, it is of interest to characterize the tail distribution of a random variable $V$ satisfying the distributional equation $V\stackrel{\mathcal{D}}{=}f(V)$, where $f(v)=A\max\{v,D\}+B$ for $(A,B,D)\in(0,\infty)\times {\mathbb{R}}^2$. This paper is concerned with computational methods for evaluating these tail probabilities. We introduce a novel importance sampling algorithm, involving an exponential shift over a random time interval, for estimating these rare event probabilities. We prove that the proposed estimator is: (i) consistent, (ii) strongly efficient and (iii) optimal within a wide class of dynamic importance sampling estimators. Moreover, using extensions of ideas from nonlinear renewal theory, we provide a precise description of the running time of the algorithm. To establish these results, we develop new techniques concerning the convergence of moments of stopped perpetuity sequences, and the first entrance and last exit times of associated Markov chains on $\mathbb{R}$. We illustrate our methods with a variety of numerical examples which demonstrate the ease and scope of the implementation.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AAP974 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Axial couplings and strong decay widths of heavy hadrons
Creators: name: Detmold, William
name: Lin, C. -J. David
name: Meinel, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the axial couplings of mesons and baryons containing a heavy quark in the static limit using lattice QCD. These couplings determine the leading interactions in heavy hadron chiral perturbation theory and are central quantities in heavy quark physics, as they control strong decay widths and the light-quark mass dependence of heavy hadron observables. Our analysis makes use of lattice data at six different pion masses, 227 MeV < m_π< 352 MeV, two lattice spacings, a=0.085, 0.112 fm, and a volume of (2.7 fm)^3. Our results for the axial couplings are g_1=0.449(51), g_2=0.84(20), and g_3=0.71(13), where g_1 governs the interaction between heavy-light mesons and pions and g_{2,3} are similar couplings between heavy-light baryons and pions. Using our lattice result for g_3, and constraining 1/m_Q corrections in the strong decay widths with experimental data for Σ_c^{(*)} decays, we obtain Γ[Σ_b^{(*)} \to Λ_b π^\pm] = 4.2(1.0), 4.8(1.1), 7.3(1.6), 7.8(1.8) MeV for the Σ_b^+, Σ_b^-, Σ_b^{*+}, Σ_b^{*-} initial states, respectively. We also derive upper bounds on the widths of the Ξ_b^{\prime(*)} baryons.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Bioinformatics Docker Images
Creators: name: P. Ferreira
name: H. López-Fernández
name: P. Duque
name: Vieira, Cristina P.
name: F. Fdez-Riverola
name: Reboiro-Jato, Miguel
name: J. Vieira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: bioinformatics
docker

description: Poster presentation at the Bioinformatics Open Days (BOD) 2019 (Universidade do Minho, Braga).
Clustering of sub-millimeter galaxies in a self-regulated baryon collapse model
Creators: name: Xia, Jun-Qing
name: Negrello, M.
name: Lapi, A.
name: De Zotti, G.
name: Danese, L.
name: Viel, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) anisotropies in the framework of the physical evolutionary model for proto-spheroidal galaxies by Granato et al. (2004). After having re-calibrated the cumulative flux function $dS/dz$ at $λ\ge 850\,μ$m using the available determinations of the shot noise amplitude (the original model already correctly reproduces it at shorter wavelengths) the CIB power spectra at wavelengths from $250\,μ$m to $2\,$mm measured by {\it Planck}, {\it Herschel}, SPT and ACT experiments have been fitted using the halo model with only 2 free parameters, the minimum halo mass and the power-law index of the mean occupation function of satellite galaxies. The best-fit {\it minimum} halo mass is $\log(M_{\rm min}/M_\odot) = 12.24 \pm 0.06$, higher than, but consistent within the errors, with the estimate by Amblard et al. (2011) and close to the estimate by Planck Collaboration (2011). The redshift evolution of the volume emissivity of galaxies yielded by the model is found to be consistent with that inferred from the data. The derived {\it effective} halo mass, $M_{\rm eff} \simeq 5\times 10^{12}\,M_\odot$, of $z\simeq 2$ sub-millimeter galaxies is close to that estimated for the most efficient star-formers at the same redshift. The effective bias factor and the comoving clustering radius at $z\simeq 2$ yielded by the model are substantially lower than those found for a model whereby the star formation is fueled by steady gas accretion, but substantially higher than those found for a merging-driven galaxy evolution with a top-heavy initial mass function.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Let's stick together (and break with the past): the use of economic analysis in WTO dispute litigation
Creators: name: Mavroidis, Petros C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Economics

description: The treatment of a number of issues that are being routinely discussed in WTO dispute settlement practice could benefit substantially, were economists to be institutionally implicated in the process. As things stand, the participation of economists in dispute settlement proceedings is infrequent and erratic: for all practical purposes, it depends on the discretion of WTO adjudicating bodies. There is indirect evidence that recourse to such expertise has been made, albeit on very few occasions. Institutional reforms are necessary; otherwise, it seems unlikely that the existing picture will change in the near future. A look into ongoing negotiations on the DSU review however, leaves no scope for optimism in this respect: involving economists in WTO litigation is not a priority-issue.
Comments on the Canonical Measure in Cosmology
Creators: name: Kaya, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the mini-superspace approximation to cosmology, the canonical measure can be used to compute probabilities when a cutoff is introduced in the phase space to regularize the divergent measure. However, the region initially constrained by a simple cutoff evolves non-trivially under the Hamiltonian flow. We determine the deformation of the regularized phase space along the orbits when a cutoff is introduced for the scale factor of the universe or for the Hubble parameter. In the former case, we find that the cutoff for the scale factor varies in the phase space and effectively decreases as one evolves backwards in time. In the later case, we calculate the probability of slow-roll inflation in a chaotic model with a massive scalar, which turns out to be cutoff dependent but not exponentially suppressed. We also investigate the measure problem for non-abelian gauge fields giving rise to inflation.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, revtex4-1, v2: minor typos corrected
The social facilitation of bullying : a multilevel analysis
Creators: name: Shumka, Ellen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: It is well documented that bullying is harmful and relatively common among children and adolescents. Children report understanding that bullying is wrong, yet bullying continues to be a persistent problem in schools. The goal of the present study was to examine whether children’s bullying behaviours were socially facilitated by group norms and beliefs. Children’s justifications and rationalizations for engaging in wrongful behaviour, a phenomenon referred to as moral disengagement (MD), have been linked to bullying behaviour at the individual level. Specifically, children who report engaging in bulling tend to report more MD than those who do not. Only one study to date, however, has examined MD at the group level and results indicated that group levels of MD, over and above individual levels, predicted engagement in bullying. Group level processes, especially group norms supporting aggression and bullying, have also been linked to greater bullying perpetration. The current investigation extended this research by examining how group levels of MD and normative beliefs about deviancy influenced bullying using two unique samples of schoolchildren. The first study examined the influence of two group level variables (MD and normative beliefs about deviancy) on bullying over a school year in a sample of 376 students (surveyed in Grade 5 and 6) from 38 schools in Southern Ontario. The second study examined the influence of group MD on 1128 students across 74 classrooms in Vancouver, British Columbia. Results across both studies did not support the hypothesis that group levels of MD (Study 1 & 2) and normative beliefs about deviancy (Study 1 only) influenced engagement in bullying. The findings suggest that further investigations are required in order to better understand the effects group level MD and normative beliefs on bullying behaviour.
Blueprint of Ground Floor Plan of Unit J in Shopping Center, Stony Brook, L.I.
Creators: name: Melville, Ward, 1887-1977
name: Organization, Ward Melville Heritage
name: Stony Brook Community Fund
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Stony Brook
Sketches
Blueprints
Plans
Architects
Shopping centers
Architectural drawings
Stores & shops

description: This blueprint shows the ground floor plan for unit J in a shopping center located in Stony Brook, L.I. Builders for project are listed as D.T. Bayle & Son Building Company.
title: Estimation of Monkfish Absolute Abundance from Trawl Surveys
Creators: name: Yuan, Yuan
name: Borchers, David
name: Fernandes, Paul. G.
name: Clarke, Elizabeth. D.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session N
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Since 2005, stratified random trawl surveys of the monkfish stock which occupies the northern European shelf have been conducted annually to obtain age-structured estimates of absolute abundance for this stock (see Fernandes et al., 2007 for details). Survey data are unusual in that almost all fish are aged as well as measured for length, weight, sex and maturity. We describe an estimation method which incorporates statistical models for herding, length-based selectivity and missing age data and incorporates uncertainty from all of these sources in variance estimation
Magnetochronology of the Entire Chinle Formation (Norian Age) in a Scientific Drill Core From Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona, USA) and Implications for Regional and Global Correlations in the Late Triassic
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Olsen, Paul E.
name: Lepre, Christopher J.
name: Rasmussen, Cornelia
name: Mundil, Roland
name: Gehrels, George E.
name: Giesler, Dominique
name: Irmis, Randall B.
name: Geissman, John W.
name: Parker, William G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Paleomagnetism
subject: Geology, Stratigraphic
subject: Geological time
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Building on an earlier study that confirmed the stability of the 405‐kyr eccentricity climate cycle and the timing of the Newark‐Hartford astrochronostratigraphic polarity time scale back to 215 Ma, we extend the magnetochronology of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation to its basal unconformity in scientific drill core PFNP‐1A from Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona, USA). The 335‐m‐thick Chinle section is imprinted with paleomagnetic polarity zones PF1r to PF10n, which we correlate to chrons E17r to E9n (~209 to 224 Ma) of the Newark‐Hartford astrochronostratigraphic polarity time scale. A sediment accumulation rate of ~34 m/Myr can be extended down to ~270 m, close to the base of the Sonsela Member and the base of magnetozone PF5n, which we correlate to chron E14n that onsets at 216.16 Ma. Magnetozones PF5r to PF10n in the underlying 65‐m‐thick section of the mudstone‐dominated Blue Mesa and Mesa Redondo members plausibly correlate to chrons E13r to E9n, indicating a sediment accumulation rate of only ~10 m/Myr. Published high‐precision U‐Pb detrital zircon dates from the lower Chinle tend to be several million years older than the magnetochronological age model. The source of this discrepancy is unclear but may be due to sporadic introduction of juvenile zircons that get recycled. The new magnetochronological constraint on the base of the Sonsela Member brings the apparent timing of the included Adamanian‐ Revueltian land vertebrate faunal zone boundary and the Zone II to Zone III palynofloral transition closer to the temporal range of the ~215 Ma Manicouagan impact structure in Canada.
Low-Temperature Low-Field Phases of the Pyrochlore Quantum Magnet Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Yin, L.
name: Xia, J. S.
name: Takano, Y.
name: Sullivan, N. S.
name: Li, Q. J.
name: Sun, X. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of ac magnetic-susceptibility measurements, we find evidence for a new magnetic phase of Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ below about 140 mK in zero magnetic field. In magnetic fields parallel to [111], this phase---exhibiting frequency- and amplitude-dependent susceptibility and an extremely slow spin dynamics---extends to about 70 mT, at which it gives way to another phase. The field dependence of the susceptibility of this second phase, which extends to about 0.6 T, indicates the presence of a weak magnetization plateau below 50 mK, as has been predicted by a single-tetrahedron four-spin model, giving support to the underlying proposal that the disordered low-field ground state of Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ is a quantum spin ice.
description: Accepted by Physical Review Letters
A gradient expansion for cosmological backreaction
Creators: name: Enqvist, Kari
name: Hotchkiss, Shaun
name: Rigopoulos, Gerasimos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the issue of cosmological backreaction from non-linear structure formation by constructing an approximation for the time evolved metric of a dust dominated universe based on a gradient expansion. Our metric begins as a perturbation of a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker state described by a nearly scale invariant, Gaussian, power-law distribution, and evolves in time until non-linear structures have formed. After describing and attempting to control for certain complications in the implementation of this approach, this metric then forms a working model of the universe. We numerically calculate the evolution of the average scale factor in this model and hence the backreaction. We argue that, despite its limitations, this model is more realistic than previous models that have confronted the issue of backreaction. We find that the \emph{instantaneous} effects of backreaction in this model could be as large as $\sim10%$ of the background. This suggests that a proper understanding of the \emph{cumulative} effects of backreaction could be crucial for precision cosmology and any future exploration of the dark sector.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures; version2: Updated version with new figure 5 showing \Omega_X, indicating more clearly the potential relevance of backreaction. Discussion amended to reflect this. Matches published version
Mixotrophic metabolism by natural communities of unicellular cyanobacteria in the western tropical South Pacific Ocean
Creators: name: Duhamel, Solange
name: Van Wambeke, France
name: Lefevre, Dominique
name: Benavides, Mar
name: Bonnet, Sophie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biogeochemistry
Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
Cyanobacteria

description: Cyanobacteria are major contributors to ocean biogeochemical cycling. However, mixotrophic metabolism and the relative importance of inorganic and organic carbon assimilation within the most abundant cyanobacteria are still poorly understood. We explore the ability of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus to assimilate organic molecules with variable C:N:P composition and its modulation by light availability and photosynthetic impairment. We used a combination of radiolabelled molecules incubations with flow cytometry cell sorting to separate picoplankton groups from the western tropical South Pacific Ocean. Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus assimilated glucose, leucine and ATP at all stations, but cell‐specific assimilation rates of N and P containing molecules were significantly higher than glucose. Incubations in the dark or with an inhibitor of photosystem II resulted in reduced assimilation rates. Light‐enhanced cell‐specific glucose uptake was generally higher for cyanobacteria (∼50%) than for the low nucleic acid fraction of bacterioplankton (LNA, ∼35%). Our results confirm previous findings, based mainly on cultures and genomic potentials, showing that Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus have a flexible mixotrophic metabolism, but demonstrate that natural populations remain primarily photoautotrophs. Our findings indicate that mixotrophy by marine cyanobacteria is more likely to be an adaptation to low inorganic nutrient availability rather than a facultative pathway for carbon acquisition.
New Trends in Pragmatics Assessment Research: An Introduction
Creators: name: Beltran, Jorge Luis
name: Stabler-Havener, Michelle L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Second language acquisition
Pragmatics
Applied linguistics
Applied linguistics--Research
Educational evaluation

description: Even though it can be argued that pragmatics is an important element of the second language (L2) assessment research agenda, a number of challenges have consistently surfaced in this field. For example, adequate coverage of the construct has been consistently formidable, particularly considering that many studies take an atomistic view of pragmatics through their focus on speech acts rather than on contextualized language use (Roever, 2010). Likewise, issues of practicality and benchmarking remain underdeveloped, and understanding regarding the hierarchy of different types of pragmatic meanings continues to be limited (Roever, 2012, 2014). However, in recent years, there have been several attempts to expand our understanding of L2 pragmatics. As illustration, new models of pragmatic ability have been proposed (Purpura, 2017; Timpe-Laughlin, Wain, & Schmidgall, 2015), and it is hoped that these theoretical developments lead to practical applications in L2 pragmatics research and pedagogy.
Effects of water level fluctuation and sediment–water nutrient exchange on phosphorus biogeochemistry in two coastal wetlands
Creators: name: Duhamel, Solange
name: Nogaro, Géraldine
name: Steinman, Alan D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biogeochemistry
Wetlands
Microorganisms
Nutrient cycles

description: Freshwater coastal wetlands are sensitive to drying and wetting events (DWE), associated with water level fluctuations. Prior studies have shown that DWE influence sediment–water nutrient exchange, but the fate of these nutrients has received much less attention. To address this information gap, we investigated how microbial (i.e., bacteria and phytoplankton) structure and function respond to DWE-induced release of nutrients from the sediment of mesotrophic and eutrophic coastal wetlands. Our approach was three-fold: (1) sediment from each wetland was subjected to a desiccation (2 month) and re-wetting (2 days) period in the laboratory; (2) the overlying water column from the DWE was measured for nutrient concentration; and (3) we conducted a microbial response experiment using the water from either DWE experiment (containing the nutrients released during the DWE) or with added nutrients obtained from commercially available sources (but at similar concentrations to those released from the sediments), to test the effect of nutrient concentration and source on microbes inhabiting the water column and their role in the fate of the released nutrients, in particular phosphate (Pi). In both coastal wetlands, the microbial community structure in the water column (absolute and relative abundance of different microbial groups) was modified by bacteria resuspended from the sediment after re-wetting. However, results from the microbial response experiments showed that the microbial communities did not grow following inputs of commercially available nutrients or release of sediment nutrients. In Pi amended treatments, Pi uptake rates increased but not enough to reduce Pi turnover time to values measured in the control. As a result, Pi concentration and turnover remained high. In coastal wetlands with limited hydrologic exchange, these elevated nutrients will accumulate and lead to further eutrophication. However, in open coastal wetlands, with substantial hydrologic exchange, advected nutrients may influence biological activity in the nearshore zone.
A nonlinear elastic instability in channel flows at low Reynolds numbers
Creators: name: Pan, L.
name: Morozov, A.
name: Wagner, C.
name: Arratia, P. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is presently believed that flows of viscoelastic polymer solutions in geometries such as a straight pipe or channel are linearly stable. Here we present experimental evidence that such flows can be nonlinearly unstable and can exhibit a subcritical bifurcation. Velocimetry measurements are performed in a long, straight micro-channel; flow disturbances are introduced at the entrance of the channel system by placing a variable number of obstacles. Above a critical flow rate and a critical size of the perturbation, a sudden onset of large velocity fluctuations indicates presence of a nonlinear subcritical instability. Together with the previous observations of hydrodynamic instabilities in curved geometries, our results suggest that any flow of polymer solutions becomes unstable at sufficiently high flow rates.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Blueprint of Rear Elevation, Cellar, and Ground Floor Plans of Unit H in a Shopping Center, Stony Brook, L.I., June 1, 1940
Creators: name: Smythe, Richard Haviland
name: Melville, Ward, 1887-1977
name: Organization, Ward Melville Heritage
name: Stony Brook Community Fund
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Stony Brook
Sketches
Blueprints
Plans
Architects
Shopping centers
Architectural drawings
Stores & shops

description: This blueprint shows the rear elevation, cellar, and ground floor plans of unit J in a shopping center located in Stony Brook, L.I. This plan was completed by architect Richard Haviland Smythe, located at 681 fifth avenue, New York. Scale = 1/4 inch. Blueprint is dated for June 1, 1940.
Prospects for rapid deceleration of small molecules by optical bichromatic forces
Creators: name: Chieda, M. A.
name: Eyler, E. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the prospects for utilizing the optical bichromatic force (BCF) to greatly enhance laser deceleration and cooling for near-cycling transitions in small molecules. We discuss the expected behavior of the BCF in near-cycling transitions with internal degeneracies, then consider the specific example of decelerating a beam of calcium monofluoride molecules. We have selected CaF as a prototype molecule both because it has an easily-accessible near-cycling transition, and because it is well-suited to studies of ultracold molecular physics and chemistry. We also report experimental verification of one of the key requirements, the production of large bichromatic forces in a multi-level system, by performing tests in an atomic beam of metastable helium.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, revised version, to be published in Physical Review A