Anastrepha robusta Greene 1934
Creators: name: Norrbom, Allen L.
name: Korytkowski, Cheslavo A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tephritidae
Anastrepha
Anastrepha robusta

description: Anastrepha robusta Greene   
Figs. 12, 56–57, 91, 102, 105, 138–139, 181, 187, 206  
 Anastrepha robusta Greene 1934: 144 [description, wing, Guatemala, México: Veracruz]; Stone 1942a: 90 [wing, aculeus tip, Panamá]; Fernández Yépez 1953: 36; Foote 1967: 15 [in catalog]; Steyskal 1977: 25 [in key]; Zucchi 1978: 55; Caraballo 1981: 136; Norrbom 1985: 151 [eversible membrane, aculeus tip, male terminalia]; Aluja et al. 1987: 324 [México: Chiapas, Oaxaca]; Hernández-Ortiz 1992: 65 [México]; Aluja 1993: 391 [male behavior]; Korytkowski 1997: 66 [in key]; Norrbom et al. 1999a: 82 [in catalog, Costa Rica]; Norrbom et al. 1999b: 306 [wing, aculeus tip, classification]; Korytkowski 2004: 61 [in key]; Hernández-Ortiz 2007: 59 [México].   
 Diagnosis. Anastrepha robusta differs from other species of Anastrepha except A. amaryllis, A. fuscata, and A. furcata in having the aculeus strongly dorsally curved. It differs from those three species in the shape of the aculeus tip, with the lateral margins strongly concave. It further differs from A. fuscata and A. furcata in having the wing pattern more extensively orange, and from A. amaryllis in having shorter terminalia.   
 Description. Mostly yellow to orange, with white to pale yellow markings. Setae dark red brown to black.   
Head: Yellow to orange except brown ocellar tubercle. 3–6 (usually 4–5) frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, posterior seta well developed (very rarely absent; 1 of 102 specimens checked). Ocellar seta weak, at most twice as long as ocellar tubercle. Facial carina, in profile, slightly concave to slightly convex (usually straight) dorsally and medially. Antenna extended 0.55–0.75 distance to ventral facial margin.  
Thorax (Fig. 12): Mostly yellow to orange with following areas white or pale yellow (not always well differentiated in dried specimens): postpronotal lobe; inverted T-shaped medial vitta, sometimes diffuse or reduced to quadrate posterior area extended laterally to dorsocentral seta; paired sublateral scutal vitta from transverse suture to posterior margin, including intra-alar seta; entire scutellum; dorsal margin of anepisternum; dorsal margin of katepisternum; katepimeron; and most of anatergite and katatergite. Posterior margin of scutum with orange brown to dark brown band, at least slightly darker than other orange parts of scutum, with more or less straight anterior margin, at most extended to but not entirely including acrostichal seta, ending laterally at sublateral white vitta, not extended to intra-alar seta. Subscutellum and mediotergite entirely orange. Mesonotum 3.35–4.27 mm long. Scutum entirely microtrichose; setulae yellow to orange, brownish laterally. Katepisternal seta weak, yellow to medium brown, at most 0.40 as large as anepimeral seta.  
 Wing (Figs. 56–57): Length 7.06–8.87 mm, width 2.7–3.6 mm, ratio 2.44–2.66. Apex of vein R 1 at 0.52–0.55 wing length. Cell c 1.19–1.49 times as long as pterostigma; pterostigma 2.93–4.17 times as long as wide. Vein R 2+3 without sharp bends or undulations. Crossvein r-m at 0.61–0.68 distance from bm-cu to dm-cu on vein M. Vein M very strongly curved apically; cell r 4+5 0.63–0.83 times as wide at apex as at level of dm-cu. Cell bcu with distal lobe moderately long, length of bcu 1.55–1.75 times as long as anterior margin. Wing pattern mostly orange and moderate brown. C-band mostly yellowish to orange; cell bc yellowish; cell c yellowish, base slightly darker, posteriorly sometimes with elongate subhyaline area; pterostigma mostly moderate brown, brown area sometimes extended into cell r 1; remainder of cells r 1, br, and r 2+3 orange except posterior and distal margins partially narrowly moderate brown. C-band and S-band narrowly to broadly connected along vein R 4+5, hyaline area in cell br moderately large, elongate, reaching vein R 4+5 or rarely [2 Veracruz specimens] very narrowly separated from it, 1.0–2.0 times as long as distal orange area of cell; cell dm with basal hyaline area moderately large. Basal half of S-band mostly orange with narrow brown margins in radial cells and distally in cell dm, proximal margin in cell dm orange; at least posterior half of part in cell cu 1 moderate brown; posterior margin with distinct incision in cell cu 1; distal section of band orange with brown margins between vein R 4+5 and costa and often more distally, entirely brown in cell r 4+5; medium width to moderately broad, at apex of vein R 2+3 0.62–0.85 times width of cell r 2+3, slightly to distinctly broadening in cell r 2+3, usually narrowly separated from apex of vein M, occasionally more separated or barely extended to it; hyaline area proximal to it usually ending at vein R 2+3, rarely (1 Panamanian female) narrowly separated from vein or occasionally (12 males, 1 female) extended slightly into cell r 1. Hyaline basomarginal spot in cell r 1 triangular, with blunt apex, often narrow, extended to R 4+5, its apex aligned proximal to crossvein r-m. Vband usually complete, mostly to entirely brown, connected, usually narrowly, to S-band in cell r 2+3; proximal arm often with medial orange area bordering part to entire length of dm-cu and extending to or beyond vein R 4+5, often interrupted; proximal arm slender anteriorly, gradually broadening posteriorly, usually with at least short basal extension along wing margin, at level of vein M 1.3–2.1 times as wide as distal arm and 0.55–1.0 times as wide as hyaline area proximal to it in cells r 4+5 and dm; distal arm slender, usually connected to proximal arm, sometimes narrowly, rarely (2 Costa Rican, 2 Guatemalan of 121 specimens examined) narrowly separated from proximal arm but reaching or almost reaching vein R 4+5.   
Abdomen: Mostly orange, without brown markings.  
Male terminalia (Fig. 206): Lateral surstylus short, extended beyond prensisetae by ca. 0.5 times length of prensiseta; in lateral view with apex blunt or with posterodistal margin concave; in posterior view lateral and medial margins convex, apex blunt. Proctiger with ventral and lateral sclerotized areas connected but lateral areas separate dorsally. Phallus 3.12–3.41 mm long, 0.76–0.93 times as long as mesonotum; glans 0.40–0.45 mm long.  
Female terminalia: Oviscape 2.27–2.52 mm long, 0.57–0.63 times as long as mesonotum; entirely orange; spiracle at basal 0.35–0.46. Eversible membrane (Figs. 91, 102) with ca. 8–10 moderately long hooklike dorsobasal scales in 1 row distal to several row of smaller stout scales. Aculeus (Figs. 138–139) strongly dorsally curved ca. 45° in lateral view, 1.55–1.75 mm long; in ventral view base expanded, 0.18–0.25 mm wide; shaft 0.07–0.08 mm wide at midlength; tip (Figs. 181, 187) 0.21–0.26 mm long, 0.08–0.09 mm wide, 2.44–2.89 times as long as wide, 0.075–0.08 mm wide in lateral view, 0.83–1.00 times ventral width, in ventral view tapered, slightly expanded, then tapered to blunt apex, lateral margins concave, nonserrate. Spermathecae (Fig. 105) spherical.  
 Distribution. Anastrepha robusta is known from México (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas), Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panamá. Records from Venezuela and Brazil were based on misidentifications. The paratype from Venezuela is A. pseudorobusta. Stone (1942a: 91) suggested that the female of A. furcata from Rio Cumina, Brazil recorded by Lima (1937b) is A. robusta, but according to Zucchi (1978: 55) it is in fact A. furcata.   
 Biology. The host plants of this species are unknown. Aluja (1993) reported observations on the calling behavior of the male.   
 Type Data. Holotype female (USNM USNMENT000104285), Guatemala: Cayuga, Jul 1915, W. Schaus [examined]. The wings of the holotype are rather tattered and there is a large crack in its scutum. The terminalia are mounted on slide 36.III.13c.   
 Other specimens examined. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: W side Volcan Orosi, Estación Maritza, LN 326900 373000, 600 m, May 1990, R. Blanco, 1♀ (INBio INBioCRI000264297); same, 28 Feb – 10 Mar 1992, K. Taylor, 2♂ 1♀ (INBio INBioCRI000394949-50, INBioCRI000744263); same, 28 Feb – 10 Mar 1992, C. Cano, 4♂ 3♀ (INBio INBioCRI000763688-92, INBioCRI000763695-96) 1♂ 1♀ (USNM INBioCRI000763682-83); same, 28 Feb – 10 Mar 1992, E. Lopez, 1♂ 2♀ (INBio INBioCRI000800487-88, INBioCRI000800566) 1♂ 1♀ (USNM INBioCRI000800568-69); same, 28 Feb – 10 Mar 1992, R. Guzman, 2♂ 1♀ (INBio INBioCRI000441295-96, INBioCRI000441315); same, 28 Feb – 10 Mar 1992, D. Garcia, 2♂ 1♀ (INBio INBioCRI000535651-52, INBioCRI000535656); same, 28 Feb – 10 Mar 1992, G. Gallardo, 1♀ (INBio INBioCRI000724735); same, 27 Feb – 11 Mar 1992, D. Brenes, 1♂ (INBio INBioCRI000482439); same, 27 Feb – 11 Mar 1992, F. A. Quesada, 1♀ (INBio INBioCRI000814514); same, 27 Feb – 11 Mar 1992, R. Vargas, 1♂ (INBio INBioCRI000468399); Río Los Ahogados, 11.3 km ENE of Quebrada Grande, 10°51'54"N 85°25'22"W, 470 m, 7 Mar 1986, R. Holzenthal & Rasth, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00051790); Río Naranjo, 3 km SE, 19–22 Feb 1992, F. D. Parker, 1♀ (USU USNMENT00212099); same, 11–18 Mar 1992, 1♀ (USU USNMENT00212100); same, 1–15 May 1992, 1♀ (USU USNMENT00051789); same, 21–30 Jun 1992, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00212103); same, Jul 1992, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00051788); same, 1–10 Sep 1992, 1♀ (USU USNMENT00212102); same, 8–12 Jun 1993, 1♂ (USU USNMENT00212101); same, 30–31 Jul 1993, 1♂ (USU USNMENT00216241); Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, Estación Las Pailas, LN 306300 388600, 800 m, 10–18 Apr 1994, K. Taylor, 1♂ (INBio INBioCRI001793067); same, 8–26 May 1994, 1♂ (USNM INBioCRI001860468). Puntarenas: San Luis Monteverde, Finca Buen Amigo, LN 250850 449250, 1000–1350 m, 20 Mar – 14 Apr 1995, M. Segura, 1♀ (USNM INBioCRI000191330). GUATEMALA: Escuintla: Palín, Granja El Coronel, Km 36.5, McPhail trap, 26 Mar 1992, J. López, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00051794); Palín, Granja María Santísima, km 51, 23 Apr 1992, F. Acabajón, 2♂ 2♀ (USNM USNMENT00051795-98). Petén: Dolores, El Quetzal, 16°41'44"N 89°42'32"W, McPhail trap, 17 Jul 1995, J. López 55, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00050352). MEXICO: Veracruz: Córdoba, “11.6”, F. K. Knab, 1♂ paratype (USNM USNMENT00051791); Tampico Alto, trap in chico zapote, Jun – Jul 1940, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00051792-93). PANAMÁ: Panamá: Arraijan, 23 Jun 1949, J. Zetek 5411, 2♂ 2♀ (USNM USNMENT00216246, USNMENT00216327, USNMENT00216349-50); same, May 1949, J. Zetek 5405, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00052109, USNMENT00216454); same, 11 May 1950, J. Zetek 5459, 4♂ (USNM USNMENT00216326, USNMENT00216328, USNMENT00216447-48); same, 1 Jul 1948, J. Zetek 5349, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00216312); Balboa, Jan 1939, J. Zetek 4316, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00216449); El Cermeño, 16 Jul 1940, J. Zetek 4666, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00216451); same, 23 Jan 1940, J. Zetek 4624, 2♂ (USNM USNMENT00216233, USNMENT00216452); same, 6 Feb 1940, J. Zetek 4630, 10♂ 7♀ (USNM USNMENT00216234, USNMENT00216243, USNMENT00216252, USNMENT00216313-14, USNMENT00216316-17, USNMENT00216320-21, USNMENT00216344, USNMENT00216346-47, USNMENT00216453, USNMENT00216358, USNMENT00216366, USNMENT00216369, USNMENT00216373); same, 13 Feb 1940, J. Zetek 4632, 9♂ 10♀ (USNM USNMENT00216244, USNMENT00216311, USNMENT00216319, USNMENT00216322-25, USNMENT00216329, USNMENT00216333, USNMENT00216345, USNMENT00216356-57, USNMENT00216362, USNMENT00216364-65, USNMENT00216370-72, USNMENT00216445); same, 5 Jul 1939, J. Zetek 4499, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00216450); same, 28 Feb 1940, J. Zetek 4635, 1♂ 2♀ (USNM USNMENT00216315, USNMENT00216348, USNMENT00216363); same, 30 Jan 1940, J. Zetek 4628, 3♂ 2♀ (USNM USNMENT00216245, USNMENT00216318, USNMENT00216330, USNMENT00216361, USNMENT00216368); same, 5 Mar 1940, J. Zetek 4637, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00216248, USNMENT00216367); same, 5 Jul 1939, J. Zetek 4495, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00216249); same, 4 Apr 1939, J. Zetek 4346, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00216247); same, 11 Apr 1939, J. Zetek 4347, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00216250); same, 16 May 1939, J. Zetek 4385, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00216251); La Campana, Feb 1939, J. Zetek 4326, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00216332, USNMENT00216359-60); same, 28 Dec 1938, J. Zetek 4310, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00216331); same, 18 May 1938, J. Zetek 4163, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00216446).
description: Published as part of Norrbom, Allen L. & Korytkowski, Cheslavo A., 2009, A revision of the Anastrepha robusta species group (Diptera: Tephritidae) 2182, pp. 1-91 in Zootaxa 2182 (1) on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2182.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5316544