cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a new nearby globular cluster with extreme kinematics located in the extension of a halo stream
Creators: name: Minniti, Dante
name: Fernández-Trincado, José G.
name: Gómez, Matías
name: Smith, Leigh C.
name: Lucas, Philip W.
name: Ramos, R. Contreras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. We report the discovery of VVV-CL160, a new nearby globular cluster (GC) with extreme kinematics, located in the Galactic plane at $l = 10.1477$ deg, $b = 0.2999$ deg. Aims. We aim to characterize the physical properties of this new GC and place it in the context of the Milky Way, exploring its possible connection with the known GC NGC 6544 and with the Hrid halo stream. Methods. VVV-CL160 was originally detected in the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) survey. We use the proper motions (PMs) from the updated VVV Infrared Astrometric Catalog (VIRAC2) to select GC members and make deep near-infrared color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) to study the cluster properties. We also fit King models to the decontaminated sample to determine the GC structural parameters. Results. VVV-CL160 has an unusually large PM for a Galactic GC as measured with VIRAC2 and Gaia EDR3: $μ_α\cos(δ)$ = $-2.3 \pm 0.1 $ mas yr$^{-1}$ and $μ_δ$ = $-16.8 \pm 0.1 $ mas yr$^{-1}$. The kinematics are similar to those of the known GC NGC 6544 and the Hrid halo stream. We estimate a reddening of $E(J-K) = 1.95$ mag and an extinction of $A_{k}= 1.40$ mag for VVV-CL160. We also measure a distance modulus of $(m-M) = 13.01$ mag and a distance of $D_{\odot} = 4.0 \pm 0.5$ kpc. This places the GC at $z=29$ pc above the Galactic plane and at a galactocentric distance of $R_G=4.2$ kpc. We also measure a metallicity of $[Fe/H] = -1.4 \pm 0.2$ dex for an adopted age of $t=12$ Gyr; King model fits of the PM-decontaminated sample reveal a concentrated GC, with core radius $r_{c}= 22.8"$ and tidal radius $r_{t}= 50'$. .... We also explore the possible association of this new GC with other GCs and halo streams. Conclusions. Based on the locations and kinematics, we suggest that VVV-CL160, along with NGC 6544, may be associated with the extension of the Hrid halo stream.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures. Abridged abstract. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) Letters
Edge-Propagation Discharge Mechanism in CFx Batteries -- a First Principles and Experimental Study
Creators: name: Leung, Kevin
name: Schorr, Noah B.
name: Mayer, Matthew
name: Lambert, Timothy N.
name: Meng, Y. Shirley
name: Harrison, K. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphite fluoride (CFx) cathodes coupled with lithium anodes yield one of the highest theoretical energy densities (>860 Wh/g) among primary batteries. In practice, the observed discharge voltage (~2.5 V) is significantly lower than thermodynamic limits (>4.5 V), the discharge rate is low, and so far Li/CFx has only been used in primary batteries. Understanding the discharge mechanism at atomic length scales will improve practical CFx energy density, rate capability, and rechargeability. So far, purely experimental techniques have not identified the correct discharge mechanism or explained the discharge voltage. We apply Density Functional Theory calculations to demonstrate that a CFx-edge propagation discharge mechanism based on lithium insertion at the CF/C boundary in partially discharged CFx exhibits a voltage range of 2.5 to 2.9 V -- depending on whether solvent molecules are involved. The voltages and solvent dependence agrees with our discharge and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique measurements. The predicted discharge kinetics are consistent with CFx operations. Finally, we predict Li/CFx rechargeability under the application of high potentials, along a charging pathway different from that of discharge. Our work represents a general, quasi-kinetic framework to understand the discharge of conversion cathodes, circumventing the widely used phase diagram approach which most likely does not apply to Li/CFx because equilibrium conditions are not attained in this system.
description: 31 pages, 7 figures
Propagation of solitons in thermal media with periodic nonlinearity
Creators: name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
name: Vysloukh, Victor A.
name: Torner, Lluis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the existence and properties of solitons in layered thermal media made of alternating focusing and defocusing layers. Such structures support robust bright solitons even if the averaged nonlinearity is defocusing. We show that non-oscillating solitons may form in any of the focusing domains, even in those located close to the sample edge, in contrast to uniform thermal media where light beams always oscillate when not launched exactly on the sample center. Stable multipole solitons may include more than four spots in layered media.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Optics Letters
PyAutoLens: Open-Source Strong Gravitational Lensing
Creators: name: Nightingale, James. W.
name: Hayes, Richard G.
name: Kelly, Ashley
name: Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis
name: Etherington, Amy
name: He, Qiuhan
name: Li, Nan
name: Cao, XiaoYue
name: Frawley, Jonathan
name: Cole, Shaun
name: Enia, Andrea
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Harvey, David R.
name: Li, Ran
name: Massey, Richard J.
name: Negrello, Mattia
name: Robertson, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong gravitational lensing, which can make a background source galaxy appears multiple times due to its light rays being deflected by the mass of one or more foreground lens galaxies, provides astronomers with a powerful tool to study dark matter, cosmology and the most distant Universe. PyAutoLens is an open-source Python 3.6+ package for strong gravitational lensing, with core features including fully automated strong lens modeling of galaxies and galaxy clusters, support for direct imaging and interferometer datasets and comprehensive tools for simulating samples of strong lenses. The API allows users to perform ray-tracing by using analytic light and mass profiles to build strong lens systems. Accompanying PyAutoLens is the autolens workspace (see https://github.com/Jammy2211/autolens_workspace), which includes example scripts, lens datasets and the HowToLens lectures in Jupyter notebook format which introduce non experts to strong lensing using PyAutoLens. Readers can try PyAutoLens right now by going to the introduction Jupyter notebook on Binder (see https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/Jammy2211/autolens_workspace/master) or checkout the readthedocs (see https://pyautolens.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) for a complete overview of PyAutoLens's features.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure
Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-400: Exhuming the Buried Signature of a Cool, Jovian-Mass Planet
Creators: name: Dong, Subo
name: Bond, I. A.
name: Gould, A.
name: Kozlowski, Szymon
name: Miyake, N.
name: Gaudi, B. S.
name: Bennett, D. P.
name: Abe, F.
name: Gilmore, A. C.
name: Fukui, A.
name: Furusawa, K.
name: Hearnshaw, J. B.
name: Itow, Y.
name: Kamiya, K.
name: Kilmartin, P. M.
name: Korpela, A.
name: Lin, W.
name: Ling, C. H.
name: Masuda, K.
name: Matsubara, Y.
name: Muraki, Y.
name: Nagaya, M.
name: Ohnishi, K.
name: Okumura, T.
name: Perrott, Y. C.
name: Rattenbury, N.
name: Saito, To.
name: Sako, T.
name: Sato, S.
name: Skuljan, L.
name: Sullivan, D. J.
name: Sumi, T.
name: Sweatman, W.
name: Tristram, P. J.
name: Yock, P. C. M.
name: Bolt, G.
name: Christie, G. W.
name: DePoy, D. L.
name: Han, C.
name: Janczak, J.
name: Lee, C. -U.
name: Mallia, F.
name: McCormick, J.
name: Monard, B.
name: Maury, A.
name: Natusch, T.
name: Park, B. -G.
name: Pogge, R. W.
name: Santallo, R.
name: Stanek, K. Z.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Kubiak, M.
name: Szymanski, M. K.
name: Pietrzynski, G.
name: Soszynski, I.
name: Szewczyk, O.
name: Wyrzykowski, L.
name: Ulaczyk, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of the cool, Jovian-mass planet MOA-2007-BLG-400Lb. The planet was detected in a high-magnification microlensing event (with peak magnification A_max = 628) in which the primary lens transited the source, resulting in a dramatic smoothing of the peak of the event. The angular extent of the region of perturbation due to the planet is significantly smaller than the angular size of the source, and as a result the planetary signature is also smoothed out by the finite source size. Thus the deviation from a single-lens fit is broad and relatively weak (~ few percent). Nevertheless, we demonstrate that the planetary nature of the deviation can be unambiguously ascertained from the gross features of the residuals, and detailed analysis yields a fairly precise planet/star mass ratio of q = 0.0026+/-0.0004, in accord with the large significance (Δχ^2=1070) of the detection. The planet/star projected separation is subject to a strong close/wide degeneracy, leading to two indistinguishable solutions that differ in separation by a factor of ~8.5. Upper limits on flux from the lens constrain its mass to be M < 0.75 M_Sun (assuming it is a main-sequence star). A Bayesian analysis that includes all available observational constraints indicates a primary in the Galactic bulge with a mass of ~0.2-0.5 M_Sun and thus a planet mass of ~ 0.5-1.3 M_Jupiter. The separation and equilibrium temperature are ~0.6-1.1AU (~5.3-9.7AU) and ~103K (~34K) for the close (wide) solution. If the primary is a main-sequence star, follow-up observations would enable the detection of its light and so a measurement of its mass and distance.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures, Submitted to ApJ
Design Paradigm for Modular Multilevel Converter-Based Generator Rectifier Systems
Creators: Raj Sahu and Scott Sudhoff
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2020

In this work, an optimization based design paradigm for Modular Multilevel Converters based generator rectifier systems is proposed.
Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) are being widely considered for medium to high voltage DC applications. Designing such converters through multi-objective optimization is of interest because such an approach allows the trade-off between competing objectives (for example mass and loss) to be explicitly and quantitatively identified. In this work, an optimization based design paradigm for MMC based generator rectifier systems is proposed. Such development typically requires detailed component design and simulation models for the electric machine and converter which are computationally expensive. As an alternative, the proposed work utilizes an electric machine metamodel, inductor metamodel, and high-speed steady-state simulation model for the MMC to facilitate multi-objective optimization minimizing system metrics of interest while satisfying system constraints. A case study is undertaken to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed design paradigm.
The N$^3$LO Scheme-invariant QCD Evolution of the Non-singlet Structure Functions \boldmath $F^{\rm NS}_2(x,Q^2)$ and $g_1^{\rm NS}(x,Q^2)$
Creators: name: Blümlein, J.
name: Saragnese, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the scheme-invariant unpolarized and polarized flavor non-singlet evolution equation to N$^3$LO for the structure functions $F_2(x,Q^2)$ and $g_1(x,Q^2)$ including the charm- and bottom quark effects in the asymptotic representation. The corresponding evolution is based on the experimental measurement of the non-singlet structure functions at a starting scale $Q_0^2$. In this way the evolution does only depend on the strong coupling constant $α_s(M_Z)$ or the QCD scale $Λ_{\rm QCD}$ and the charm and bottom quark masses $m_c$ and $m_b$ and provides one of the cleanest ways to measure the strong coupling constant in future high luminosity deep-inelastic scattering experiments. The yet unknown parts of the 4-loop anomalous dimensions introduce only a marginal error in this analysis.
description: 14 pages Latex, 12 figures
Performance Testing Lead-Acid Stationary Batteries ?Myths, Misunderstandings, & Mistakes
Creators: Rick Tressler
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2016

Presentation Topics:  Myths: ? Negative effects of performance testing ? Equalizing a VLA battery before a test ? Equalizing a VRLA battery prior to a performance test  Misunderstandings that Lead to Mistakes: ? Test termination at 100% capacity ? Failure to bypass weak cells ? Load bank cable sizing ? Test termination at first cell final voltage ? High rates on small connectors
Presentation Topics:

Myths:
? Negative effects of performance testing
? Equalizing a VLA battery before a test
? Equalizing a VRLA battery prior to a performance test

Misunderstandings that Lead to Mistakes:
? Test termination at 100% capacity
? Failure to bypass weak cells
? Load bank cable sizing
? Test termination at first cell final voltage
? High rates on small connectors
Fault Statistics and Analysis of 220-kV and Above Transmission Lines in a Southern Coastal Provincial Power Grid of China
Creators: Binghuang Chen
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2020

Because the causes of transmission line faults are not known clearly at present, this paper proposes fault classification for transmission lines, and analyses the characteristics of different faults.
Because the causes of transmission line faults are not known clearly at present, this paper proposes fault classification for transmission lines, and analyses the characteristics of different faults. Using the transmission line faults data of southern coastal provincial power grid from 2007 to 2018, this paper analyses the influence and distribution of transmission line faults affected by lightning, typhoon, wildfire, foreign object and external damage. These five faults are the main factors affecting the safe and stable operation of transmission lines in this region. According to the different fault classification and statistical rules, the design standards for important transmission lines should be improved. Considering the factors of micro-topography, micro-meteorology and engineering cost, the inspection and maintenance of existing lines should be strengthened. The statistics and analysis will be helpful to the research, development and application of new theories, new technologies and new equipment in disaster prevention and reduction from the aspects of disaster prediction and monitoring.
title:  The Aesthetic Value of Vernacular Gardens in Ukrainian Cities. A Case Study from Rusanivka Residential District, Kyiv
Creators: name: Butsykina  , Yevheniia
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2021

description: This paper addresses the aesthetic value of vernacular gardens in a Ukrainian urban environment. By introducing the case of a makeshift garden on the Rusanivka Channel in Kyiv, Ukraine, I discuss how private spatial practices can match a dynamic and alienated urban landscape. To examine the problem of the aesthetic evaluation of the garden, I shall resort to ideas coming from the framework of the philosophy and aesthetics of everyday life and the aesthetics of engagement. The concepts of aesthetic experience, private practices in the urban space, native and foreign places, landscapes, and the garden as an object of aesthetic perception form the basis for my investigation in the aesthetic import of vernacular gardens.
description: Everydayness. Contemporary Aesthetic Approaches
Effects of land use on the water quality of Ladner Slough
Creators: name: Still, Gerald William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of land use on water quality in Ladner Slough, and in the major drainages feeding Ladner Slough. Water samples were collected monthly during the winter of 1976 up until the month of April, 1977. Samples were also collected in August 1976 and August 1977. Soil and sediment samples were collected twice throughout the sampling period in order to aid in determining the net effect of various land uses on water quality. Sampling sites were located on Ladner Slough, Cohilukthan Slough, Crescent Slough, and Deas Slough. In that context, they were located within various different land use areas, and within transition zones between land use areas. Concentrations of metals, nutrients, and major cations in water samples were determined. Analogous determinations were made on the soil and sediment samples taken. The results of numerous statistical analyses suggested that iron and total nitrogen were the water quality parameters that are most sensitive to land use in the Ladner area. Some water quality parameter magnitudes in every slough were found to exceed guideline objectives for domestic use in one or more months throughout the study period. Sloughs draining or adjoining urban zones were observed to exhibit generally the highest concentrations of metals. A site near the sanitary landfill area, on the periphery of Burns Bog, also exhibited consistently high metal concentrations. High nutrient concentrations were most often found in conjunction with agricultural land, and probably resulted from point sources. The highest concentrations of major cations were found in the slough which was closest to the Strait of Georgia. Soil and sediment data did not correlate closely with water quality data. Relatively high concentrations of lead were found in the sediment from Ladner Slough. This was thought to result from the heavy marine traffic on that slough, and could represent a potential sink for that metal. The water quality in Ladner Slough did not differ significantly from the water quality of Deas Slough. This implies that the Fraser River may flush both of the above sloughs periodically. The effects of land use on water quality in the Ladner area are discernable, and often pronounced. Moreover, some water quality problems were found to exist. This report recommends that a surface water and groundwater monitoring network be established in the area in order to provide a greater data base, and to better define specific deleterious activities. Emphasis should be placed on nutrients draining from agricultural land, and metals draining from both urban land, and the sanitary landfill area on the periphery of Burns Bog.
Observation of Pulsed Gamma-rays Above 25 GeV from the Crab Pulsar with MAGIC
Creators: name: The MAGIC Collaboration
name: Aliu, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One fundamental question about pulsars concerns the mechanism of their pulsed electromagnetic emission. Measuring the high-end region of a pulsar's spectrum would shed light on this question. By developing a new electronic trigger, we lowered the threshold of the Major Atmospheric gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescope to 25 GeV. In this configuration, we detected pulsed gamma-rays from the Crab pulsar that were greater than 25 GeV, revealing a relatively high cutoff energy in the phase-averaged spectrum. This indicates that the emission occurs far out in the magnetosphere, hence excluding the polar-cap scenario as a possible explanation of our measurement. The high cutoff energy also challenges the slot-gap scenario.
description: Slight modification of the analysis: Fitting a more general function to the combined data set of COMPTEL, EGRET and MAGIC. Final result and conclusion is unchanged
Dependent Type Systems as Macros
Creators: name: Chang, Stephen
name: Ballantyne, Michael
name: Turner, Milo
name: Bowman, William J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present Turnstile+, a high-level, macros-based metaDSL for building dependently typed languages. With it, programmers may rapidly prototype and iterate on the design of new dependently typed features and extensions. Or they may create entirely new DSLs whose dependent type "power" is tailored to a specific domain. Our framework's support of language-oriented programming also makes it suitable for experimenting with systems of interacting components, e.g., a proof assistant and its companion DSLs. This paper explains the implementation details of Turnstile+, as well as how it may be used to create a wide-variety of dependently typed languages, from a lightweight one with indexed types, to a full spectrum proof assistant, complete with a tactic system and extensions for features like sized types and SMT interaction.
Characteristic Parameter-Based Detuned C-Type Filter Design
Creators: Guibin Zhang
Yang Wang
Wilsun Xu
and Esra Sitther
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2018

This paper provides a deep and unique insight into the C-type filter design.
The C-type filter has been widely used in industry to avoid the harmonic resonance caused by the shunt capacitors. This paper provides a deep and unique insight into the C-type filter design. It will be shown that the C-type filter can be simply characterized by two parameters�the tuning frequency and the R-ratio. The tuning frequency is predetermined based on the system need, thus the entire design process comes down to determine the R-ratio. The correlation between the R-ratio with the filter's cost and performance is then developed and an optimum value of the R-ratio is solved. Compared with the conventional design methods, the proposed method with one underdetermined variable is simpler and more straightforward. Comparative studies on actual capacitor application cases are conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed design method.
An Archival Search for Neutron-Star Mergers in Gravitational Waves and Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays
Creators: name: Adams, C. B.
name: Benbow, W.
name: Brill, A.
name: Buckley, J. H.
name: Capasso, M.
name: Christiansen, J. L.
name: Chromey, A. J.
name: Daniel, M. K.
name: Errando, M.
name: Falcone, A.
name: Farrell, K. A.
name: Feng, Q.
name: Finley, J. P.
name: Fortson, L.
name: Furniss, A.
name: Gent, A.
name: Giuri, C.
name: Hanna, D.
name: Hassan, T.
name: Hervet, O.
name: Holder, J.
name: Hughes, G.
name: Humensky, T. B.
name: Jin, W.
name: Kaaret, P.
name: Kertzman, M.
name: Kieda, D.
name: Kumar, S.
name: Lang, M. J.
name: Lundy, M.
name: Maier, G.
name: McGrath, C. E
name: Moriarty, P.
name: Mukherjee, R.
name: Nieto, D.
name: Nievas-Rosillo, M.
name: O'Brien, S.
name: Ong, R. A.
name: Otte, A. N.
name: Park, N.
name: Patel, S.
name: Pfrang, K.
name: Pohl, M.
name: Prado, R. R.
name: Pueschel, E.
name: Quinn, J.
name: Ragan, K.
name: Reynolds, P. T.
name: Ribeiro, D.
name: Roache, E.
name: Ryan, J. L.
name: Santander, M.
name: Sembroski, G. H.
name: Shang, R.
name: Weinstein, A.
name: Williams, D. A.
name: Williamson, T. J.
name: Bartos, I.
name: Corley, K. R.
name: Márka, S.
name: Márka, Z.
name: Veske, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of electromagnetic signals in coincidence with neutron-star mergers has solidified the importance of multimessenger campaigns in studying the most energetic astrophysical events. Pioneering multimessenger observatories, such as LIGO/Virgo and IceCube, record many candidate signals below the detection significance threshold. These sub-threshold event candidates are promising targets for multimessenger studies, as the information provided by them may, when combined with contemporaneous gamma-ray observations, lead to significant detections. Here we describe a new method that uses such candidates to search for transient events using archival very-high-energy gamma-ray data from imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). We demonstrate the application of this method to sub-threshold binary neutron star (BNS) merger candidates identified in Advanced LIGO's first observing run. We identify eight hours of archival VERITAS observations coincident with seven BNS merger candidates and search them for TeV emission. No gamma-ray emission is detected; we calculate upper limits on the integral flux and compare them to a short gamma-ray burst model. We anticipate this search method to serve as a starting point for IACT searches with future LIGO/Virgo data releases as well as in other sub-threshold studies for multimessenger transients, such as IceCube neutrinos. Furthermore, it can be deployed immediately with other current-generation IACTs, and has the potential for real-time use that places minimal burden on experimental operations. Lastly, this method may serve as a pilot for studies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array, which has the potential to observe even larger fields of view in its divergent pointing mode.
Statistics of Fluctuating Colloidal Fluid-Fluid Interfaces
Creators: name: de Villeneuve, V. W. A.
name: van Leeuwen, J. M. J.
name: van Saarloos, W.
name: Lekkerkerker, H. N. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluctuations of the interface between coexisting colloidal fluid phases have been measured with confocal microscopy. Due to a very low surface tension, the thermal motions of the interface are so slow, that a record can be made of the positions of the interface. The theory of the interfacial height fluctuations is developed. For a host of correlation functions, the experimental data are compared with the theoretical expressions. The agreement between theory and experiment is remarkably good.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
The Growth of Central and Satellite Galaxies in Cosmological Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Simulations
Creators: name: Simha, Vimal
name: Weinberg, David H.
name: Dave, Romeel
name: Gnedin, Oleg Y.
name: Katz, Neal
name: Keres, Dusan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the accretion and merger histories of central and satellite galaxies in a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) cosmological simulation that resolves galaxies down to 7e9 M[Sun]. Most friends-of-friends halos in the simulation have a distinct central galaxy, typically two to five times more massive than the most massive satellite. As expected, satellites have systematically higher assembly redshifts than central galaxies of the same baryonic mass, and satellites in more massive halos form earlier. However, contrary to the simplest expectations, satellite galaxies continue to accrete gas and convert it to stars; the gas accretion declines steadily over a period of 0.5-1 Gyr after the satellite halo merges with a larger parent halo. Satellites in a cluster mass halo eventually begin to lose baryonic mass. Since z=1, 27% of central galaxies (above 3e10 M[Sun]) and 22% of present-day satellite galaxies have merged with a smaller system above a 1:4 mass ratio; about half of the satellite mergers occurred after the galaxy became a satellite and half before. In effect, satellite galaxies can remain "central" objects of halo substructures, with continuing accretion and mergers, making the transition in assembly histories and physical properties a gradual one. Implementing such a gradual transformation in semi-analytic models would improve their agreement with the observed colour distributions of satellite galaxies in groups and with the observed colour dependence of galaxy clustering.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, Submitted to MNRAS
Parton energy loss at strong coupling and the universal bound
Creators: name: Kharzeev, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The apparent universality of jet quenching observed in heavy ion collisions at RHIC for light and heavy quarks, as well as for quarks and gluons, is very puzzling and calls for a theoretical explanation. Recently it has been proposed that the synchrotron--like radiation at strong coupling gives rise to a universal bound on the energy of a parton escaping from the medium. Since this bound appears quite low, almost all of the observed particles at high transverse momentum have to originate from the surface of the hot fireball. Here I make a first attempt of checking this scenario against the RHIC data and formulate a "Universal Bound Model" of jet quenching that can be further tested at RHIC and LHC.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, invited plenary talk given at "Hard Probes 2008" Conference, 8-14 June 2008, Illa da Toxa, Galicia, Spain
Evolving complex networks with conserved clique distributions
Creators: name: Kaczor, Gregor
name: Gros, Claudius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose and study a hierarchical algorithm to generate graphs having a predetermined distribution of cliques, the fully connected subgraphs. The construction mechanism may be either random or incorporate preferential attachment. We evaluate the statistical properties of the graphs generated, such as the degree distribution and network diameters, and compare them to some real-world graphs.
description: Physical Review E, in press
VRLA Battery Failures and Replacements
Creators: Rick Tressler
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2013

Topics Covered: ?Failure modes and causes ?Commonly measured parameters ?Site case study ?how we find the bad ones in the first place ?Cell replacement considerations
Topics Covered:
?Failure modes and causes
?Commonly measured parameters
?Site case study ?how we find the bad ones in the first place
?Cell replacement considerations
Binary frequency of very young brown dwarfs at separations smaller than 3 AU
Creators: name: Joergens, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches for companions of brown dwarfs by direct imaging mainly probe orbital separations > 3-10 AU. On the other hand, previous radial velocity surveys of brown dwarfs are mainly sensitive to separations smaller than 0.6 AU. It has been speculated that the peak of the separation distribution of brown dwarf binaries lies right in the unprobed range. This work extends high-precision radial velocity surveys of brown dwarfs for the first time out to 3 AU. Based on more than six years UVES/VLT spectroscopy the binary frequency of brown dwarfs and (very) low-mass stars (M4.25-M8) in ChaI was determined: 18% for the whole sample and 10% for the subsample of ten brown dwarfs and VLMS (M < 0.1 Msun). Two spectroscopic binaries were confirmed, the brown dwarf candidate ChaHa8 (previously discovered by Joergens & Mueller) and the low-mass star CHXR74. Since their orbital separations appear to be 1 AU or greater, the binary frequency at < 1 AU might be less than 10%. Now for the first time companion searches of (young) brown dwarfs cover the whole orbital separation range, and the following observational constraints for models of brown dwarf formation can be derived: (i) the frequency of brown dwarf and very low-mass stellar binaries at < 3 AU does not significantly exceed that at > 3 AU; i.e. direct imaging surveys do not miss a significant fraction of brown dwarf binaries; (ii) the overall binary frequency of brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars is 10-30 %; (iii) the decline in the separation distribution of brown dwarfs towards smaller separations seems to occur between 1 and 3 AU; (iv) the observed continuous decrease in the binary frequency from the stellar to the substellar regime is confirmed at < 3 AU providing further evidence of a continuous formation mechanism from low-mass stars to brown dwarfs.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures, Accepted by A&A, minor language editing
Surface operators and magnetic degrees of freedom in Yang-Mills theories
Creators: name: Di Giacomo, A.
name: Zakharov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic degrees of freedom are manifested through violations of the Bianchi identities and associated with singular fields. Moreover, these singularities should not induce color non-conservation. We argue that the resolution of the constraint is that the singular fields, or defects are Abelian in nature. Recently proposed surface operators seem to represent a general solution to this constraint and can serve as a prototype of magnetic degrees of freedom. Some basic lattice observations, such as the Abelian dominance of the confining fields, are explained then as consequences of the original non-Abelian invariance.
description: Improved version. In honor of L. Okun for his 80th birthday. To appear in Yadernaya Fizika
Characterizing Long-term Optical Variability Properties of $γ$-ray Bright Blazars
Creators: name: Bhatta, Gopal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical observations of a sample of 12 $γ$-ray bright blazars from four optical data archives, AAVSO, SMARTS, Catalina, and Steward Observatory, are compiled to create densely sampled light curves spanning more than a decade. As a part of the blazar multi-wavelength studies, several methods of analyses, e. g., flux distribution and RMS-flux relation, are performed on the observations with an aim to compare the results with the similar ones in the \gama-ray band presented in Bhatta & Dhital 2020. It is found that, similar to $γ$-ray band, blazars display significant variability in the optical band that can be characterized with log-normal flux distribution and a power-law dependence of RMS on flux. It could be an indication of possible inherent linear RMS-flux relation, yet the scatter in the data does not allow to rule out other possibilities. When comparing variability properties in the two bands, the blazars in the \gama-rays are found to exhibit stronger variability with steeper possible linear RMS-flux relation and the flux distribution that is more skewed towards higher fluxes. The cross-correlation study shows that except for the source 3C 273, the overall optical and the $γ$-ray emission in the sources are highly correlated, suggesting a co-spatial existence of the particles responsible for both the optical and $γ$-ray emission. Moreover, the sources S5 0716+714, Mrk 421, Mrk 501, PKS 1424-418 and PKS 2155-304 revealed possible evidence for quasi-periodic oscillations in the optical emission with the characteristic timescales, which are comparable to those in the $γ$-ray band detected in our previous work.
description: 25 pages, 7 Figures, ApJ accepted
Effects of Higher Order Retarded Gravity
Creators: name: Yahalom, Asher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper, we have a shown that the flattening of galactic rotation curves can be explained by retardation. However, this will rely on a temporal change of galactic mass. In our previous work, we kept only second order terms of the retardation time in our analysis, while higher terms in the Taylor expansion where not considered. Here we consider analysis to all orders and show that a second order analysis will indeed suffice, and higher order terms can be neglected.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Pair-Regulated Klein-Nishina Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection with Applications to Blazars and Accreting Black Holes
Creators: name: Mehlhaff, J. M.
name: Werner, G. R.
name: Uzdensky, D. A.
name: Begelman, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic magnetic reconnection is a powerful agent through which magnetic energy can be tapped in astrophysics, energizing particles that then produce observed radiation. In some systems, the highest energy photons come from particles Comptonizing an ambient radiation bath supplied by an external source. If the emitting particle energies are high enough, this inverse Compton (IC) scattering enters the Klein-Nishina regime, which differs from the low-energy Thomson IC limit in two significant ways. First, radiative losses become inherently discrete, with particles delivering an order-unity fraction of their energies to single photons. Second, Comptonized photons may pair-produce with the ambient radiation, opening up another channel for radiative feedback on magnetic reconnection. We analytically study externally illuminated highly magnetized reconnecting systems for which both of these effects are important. We identify a universal (initial magnetization-independent) quasi-steady state in which gamma-rays emitted from the reconnection layer are absorbed in the upstream region, and the resulting hot pairs dominate the energy density of the inflow plasma. However, a true pair cascade is unlikely, and the number density of created pairs remains subdominant to that of the original plasma for a wide parameter range. Future particle-in-cell simulation studies may test various aspects. Pair-regulated Klein-Nishina reconnection may explain steep spectra (quiescent and flaring) from flat-spectrum radio quasars and black hole accretion disc coronae.
description: 43 pages, 22 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Magnetic phase diagram and cluster glass-like properties of stage-1 graphite intercalated FeCl$_3$
Creators: name: Levinsky, J. J. B.
name: Scholtens, R.
name: Pappas, C.
name: Blake, G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive investigation of the magnetic properties of stage-1 graphite intercalated FeCl$_3$ using a combination of DC and AC magnetic susceptibility, thermoremanent magnetization and field dependent magnetization measurements. This van der Waals system, with a centrosymmetric honeycomb lattice, combines frustration and disorder, due to intercalation, and may be hosting topologically non-trivial magnetic phases. Our study identifies two magnetic phase transitions at $T_{f1} \approx $ 4.2 K and at $T_{f2} \approx $ 2.7 K. We find that the paramagnetic state, for $T > T_{f1}$, is dominated by short-range ferromagnetic correlations. These build up well above $T_{f1}$ and lead to a significant change in magnetic entropy, which reaches $ΔS_M^{Pk} = $ -5.52 J kg$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$ at 7 T. Between $T_{f1}$ and $T_{f2}$ we observe slow spin dynamics characteristic of a cluster glass-like state, whereas for $T$ $ < $ $T_{f2}$ our results indicate the onset of a low temperature long range ordered state. The analysis of the experimental results leads to a complex phase diagram, which may serve as a reference for future investigations searching for topological non-trivial phases in this system.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures with attached supplemental information PDF of 2 pages and 2 figures
Forecasting the Dark Energy Measurement with Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: Prospects for the LAMOST surveys
Creators: name: Wang, Xin
name: Chen, Xuelei
name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Wu, Fengquan
name: Zhang, Pengjie
name: Zhao, Yongheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large Area Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) is a dedicated spectroscopic survey telescope being built in China, with an effective aperture of 4 meters and equiped with 4000 fibers. Using the LAMOST telescope, one could make redshift survey of the large scale structure (LSS). The baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) features in the LSS power spectrum provide standard rulers for measuring dark energy and other cosmological parameters. In this paper we investigate the meaurement precision achievable for a few possible surveys: (1) a magnitude limited survey of all galaxies, (2) a survey of color selected red luminous galaxies (LRG), and (3) a magnitude limited, high density survey of z<2 quasars. For each survey, we use the halo model to estimate the bias of the sample, and calculate the effective volume. We then use the Fisher matrix method to forecast the error on the dark energy equation of state and other cosmological parameters for different survey parameters. In a few cases we also use the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to make the same forecast as a comparison. The fiber time required for each of these surveys is also estimated. These results would be useful in designing the surveys for LAMOST.
description: Replaced with version accepted by MNRAS
Data-driven Sobolev tests of uniformity on compact Riemannian manifolds
Creators: name: Jupp, P. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62F03, 62F05, 62H11 (Primary)

description: Data-driven versions of Sobolev tests of uniformity on compact Riemannian manifolds are proposed. These tests are invariant under isometries and are consistent against all alternatives. The large-sample asymptotic null distributions are given.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053607000000541 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
MODERN PROBLEMS OF TEACHING RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN A NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY
Creators: name: Akhmedova, Matluba
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article examines modern problems of teaching the Russian language and the use of a creative and innovative approach by Russian language teachers when teaching students at non-linguistic universities, as well as the use of texts, debates, and discussions in the development of spoken language among students, taking into account their levels of language knowledge.
Associated Production of a W Boson and One b Jet
Creators: name: Campbell, J.
name: Ellis, R. Keith
name: Cordero, F. Febres
name: Maltoni, F.
name: Reina, L.
name: Wackeroth, D.
name: Willenbrock, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the production of a W boson and a single b jet to next-to-leading order in QCD at the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Both exclusive and inclusive cross sections are presented. We separately consider the cross section for jets containing a single b quark and jets containing a b-anti b pair. There are a wide variety of processes that contribute, and it is necessary to include them all in order to have a complete description at both colliders.
description: LaTeX, 16 pages, 22 postscript figures; version published in Phys. Rev. D
title:  On the Interaction of Here and There: Places in the City
Creators: name: Šenk  , Filip
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2021

description: The paper focuses on place and place experience in a city. It examines the nature of place experience, especially the experience of place edges. Looking at the writings of urban planner and urban theorist Kevin A. Lynch, architecture historian and theoretician Christian Norberg-Schulz and philosopher Edward S. Casey, the paper seeks relevant terms to account for the edge experience. Especially in the works of Casey one can find a series of key observations and terms for constitutive relationships of places and their edges. These findings are confronted in the paper with the specific place experience of the park on Štefánik Square, in the city of Liberec, Czech Republic, with its Monument to the Fighters and the Victims for Freedom of the Country by the Stolín brothers (2000). To deal with ambivalences of the place experience named in the paper, I introduce the term ‘fold’ as a way to capture and understand how interconnected these ambivalences are.
description: Everydayness. Contemporary Aesthetic Approaches
Spin-Valley Qubit Dynamics In Exchange Coupled Silicon Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Buterakos, Donovan
name: Sarma, Sankar Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of valley states is a significant obstacle to realizing quantum information technologies in Silicon quantum dots, as leakage into alternate valley states can introduce errors into the computation. We use a perturbative analytical approach to study the dynamics of exchange-coupled quantum dots with valley degrees of freedom. We show that if the valley splitting is large and electrons are not properly initialized to valley eigenstates, then time evolution of the system will lead to spin-valley entanglement. Spin-valley entanglement will also occur if the valley splitting is small and electrons are not initialized to the same valley state. Additionally, we show that for small valley splitting, spin-valley entanglement does not affect measurement probabilities of two-qubit systems; however, systems with more qubits will be affected. This means that two-qubit gate fidelities measured in two-qubit systems may miss the effects of valley degrees of freedom. Our work shows how the existence of valleys may adversely affect multiqubit fidelities even when the system temperature is very low.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
B_s mixing phase and lepton flavor violation in supersymmetric SU(5)
Creators: name: Park, Jae-hyeon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The connection between B_s mixing phase and lepton flavor violation is studied in SU(5) GUT. The O(1) phase, preferring a non-vanishing squark mixing, generically implies tau -> (e + mu) gamma and mu -> e gamma. In addition to the facts already well-known, stresses are put on the role of gaugino to scalar mass ratio at the GUT scale and the possible modifications due to Planck-suppressed non-renormalizable operators.
description: 3 pages, talk given at SUSY08 in Seoul, South Korea; minor corrections
Capacitance of UR-Core and C-Core Common Mode Inductors
Creators: Scott D. Sudhoff
Harshita Singh
Veda Samhitha Duppalli
Robert R. Swanson
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

PES Open Access Paper
An important aspect of all power processing equipment is common-mode current generation. Common-mode current leads to electromagnetic noise and potential equipment malfunction. Common-mode inductors are often used to reduce common-mode current. However, their effectiveness is limited by their capacitance. In this paper, common-mode capacitance models of two related classes of common mode inductors are set forth. These models include an improved method of calculating the layer-to-layer capacitance. Means of reducing capacitance by use of multiple inductors is discussed. The methodology for calculating capacitance is experimentally validated using several common mode inductors. Finally, the use of the model in a multi-objective optimization-based common mode inductor design algorithm is demonstrated.