cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Results of the SOPHIA Module Intercomparison Part-2: STC, Low Irradiance Conditions and Temperature Coefficients Measurements of Thin Film Technologies
Creators: name: Mihaylov, B.
name: Bowers, J.W.
name: Betts, T.R.
name: Gottschalg, R.
name: Krametz, T.
name: Leidl, R.
name: Berger, K.A.
name: Zamini, S.
name: Dekker, N.J.J.
name: Graditi, G.
name: Roca, F.
name: Pellegrino, M.
name: Flaminio, G.
name: Razongles, G.
name: Merten, J.
name: Pozza, A.
name: Salis, E.
name: Kenny, R.P.
name: Friesen, G.
name: Dittmann, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1871-1876
description: The results of a measurement intercomparison between seven European laboratories characterising PV modules are reported. The purpose of the round-robin was to support the development of better measurement practices for thin-film devices, to assess the uncertainty analyses of the participating laboratories on thin-film modules and assess the variability of preconditioning techniques between partners. Alongside the STC measurements, measurements at 200 W/m2 and temperature coefficients (TC) measurements were performed. The benchmarking c-
Si modules PMAX measurements were within ±1.9% and in agreement with stated uncertainties. The preconditioned
PMAX measurements were within ±2.2 and -1.7% to +3.1% for the two CIGS types and in agreement with stated
uncertainties. Both electrical biasing and light soaking increased the PMAX of the modules to a similar extent. The
Tandem and CdTe preconditioned STC measurements were within -6% to +5.4% and -7.9% to +11.9% respectively.
The measurement deviation of the out-of-the-box measurements of the Tandem and CdTe modules was in general smaller than the preconditioned ones emphasising the need of further investigation of preconditioning procedures for
these type of devices. The measurement deviation at low-irradiance was larger than at STC as expected. The relative
PMAX TC (%/°C) measurements were within -16.7% and +12.6%. with the exception of one CIGS module type where
the deviation was as large as ±33%. This larger deviation is attributed to short timescale metastability effects.
Energy Yield Estimation of Monofacial and Bifacial Solar Modules
Creators: name: Comparotto, C.
name: Noebels, M.
name: Wefringhaus, E.
name: Ferretti, N.
name: Mancini, G.
name: Berghold, J.
name: Einhaus, R.
name: Madon, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1866-1870
description: Monofacial and bifacial solar modules featuring diverse characteristics were produced and measured
indoor under standard test conditions (STC). They were installed in the desert in El Gouna, Egypt, where their IV
curves were recorded continuously for six months, together with the solar irradiance and the ambient temperature.
Simple models based on indoor measurements of power and outdoor measurements of irradiance were built in order
to estimate the modules energy yield. The estimations are compared with the measured values. Where the models do
not match the measurements, a deep analysis was carried out in order to understand the discrepancies. In the absence
of an encapsulant, the energy yield can decrease significantly, mainly due to a mismatch in refractive indices. It is
also noticed that indoor measurements at STC can deliver quite different results when performed by different parties.
Light induced degradation (LID) can also play a partial role in p-type cells. A formula calculating the outdoor bifacial
efficiency is suggested for a fair comparison between monofacial and bifacial modules.
Impact of Realistic Illumination on Optical Losses in Si Solar Cell Modules Compared to Standard Testing Conditions
Creators: name: Winter, M.
name: Holst, H.
name: Vogt, M.R.
name: Altermatt, P.P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1877-1882
description: Laboratory tests of solar cell modules are usually conducted under standardized testing conditions
(STC) using an AM1.5g light spectrum at normal incidence. Realistic illumination conditions of solar cell
modules operating in the field differ considerably from these conditions. We present a method to derive the
realistic average angular and spectral light distributions in the field from measurements of diffuse and direct
irradiation over 14 years. Such irradiation data is widely available. Ray tracing simulations of entire modules
predict that angular and spectral deviations from the STC illumination lead to considerable changes in the optical
losses of standard Si solar cell modules. We quantify the optical and electric losses in terms of module power and
attribute them to different components of the module. The results show that differences between STC and
realistic illumination conditions can be approximated by analytical calculations using the module efficiency and
the external quantum efficiency (EQE) in industrial-like solar cell modules oriented to maximize annual energy
output. However, evaluating the differences in modules with other designs requires detailed ray tracing.
Anatomy of rocky planets formed by rapid pebble accretion II. Differentiation by accretion energy and thermal blanketing
Creators: name: Johansen, Anders
name: Ronnet, Thomas
name: Schiller, Martin
name: Deng, Zhengbin
name: Bizzarro, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the heating and differentiation of rocky planets that grow by rapid pebble accretion. Our terrestrial planets grow outside of the ice line and initially accrete 28\% water ice by mass. The accretion of water stops after the protoplanet reaches a mass of $0.01\,M_{\rm E}$ where the gas envelope becomes hot enough to sublimate the ice and transport the vapour back to the protoplanetary disc by recycling flows. The energy released by the decay of $^{26}$Al melts the accreted ice to form clay (phyllosilicates), oxidized iron (FeO), and a water surface layer with ten times the mass of Earth's modern oceans. The ocean--atmosphere system undergoes a run-away greenhouse effect after the effective accretion temperature crosses a threshold of around 300 K. The run-away greenhouse process vaporizes the water layer, thereby trapping the accretion heat and heating the surface to more than 6,000 K. This causes the upper part of the mantle to melt and form a global magma ocean. Metal melt separates from silicate melt and sediments towards the bottom of the magma ocean; the gravitational energy released by the sedimentation leads to positive feedback where the beginning differentiation of the planet causes the whole mantle to melt and differentiate. All rocky planets thus naturally experience a magma ocean stage. We demonstrate that Earth's small excess of $^{182}$W (the decay product of $^{182}$Hf) relative to the chondrites is consistent with such rapid core formation within 5 Myr followed by equilibration of the W reservoir in Earth's mantle with $^{182}$W-poor material from the core of a planetary-mass impactor, provided that the equilibration degree is at least 25%-50%, depending on the initial Hf/W ratio. The planetary collision must have occurred at least 35 Myr after the main accretion phase of the terrestrial planets.
description: Version accepted for Astronomy & Astrophysics
Anatomy of rocky planets formed by rapid pebble accretion III. Partitioning of volatiles between planetary core, mantle, and atmosphere
Creators: name: Johansen, Anders
name: Ronnet, Thomas
name: Schiller, Martin
name: Deng, Zhengbin
name: Bizzarro, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Volatile molecules containing hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen are key components of planetary atmospheres. In the pebble accretion model for rocky planet formation, these volatile species are accreted during the main planetary formation phase. For this study, we modelled the partitioning of volatiles within a growing planet and the outgassing to the surface. The core stores more than 90\% of the hydrogen and carbon budgets of Earth for realistic values of the partition coefficients of H and C between metal and silicate melts. The magma oceans of Earth and Venus are sufficiently deep to undergo oxidation of ferrous Fe$^{2+}$ to ferric Fe$^{3+}$. This increased oxidation state leads to the outgassing of primarily CO$_2$ and H$_2$O from the magma ocean of Earth. In contrast, the oxidation state of Mars' mantle remains low and the main outgassed hydrogen carrier is H$_2$. This hydrogen easily escapes the atmosphere due to the irradiation from the young Sun in XUV wavelengths, dragging with it the majority of the CO, CO$_2$, H$_2$O, and N$_2$ contents of the atmosphere. A small amount of surface water is maintained on Mars, in agreement with proposed ancient ocean shorelines, for moderately low values of the mantle oxidation. Nitrogen partitions relatively evenly between the core and the atmosphere due to its extremely low solubility in magma; the burial of large reservoirs of nitrogen in the core is thus not possible. The overall low N contents of Earth disagree with the high abundance of N in all chondrite classes and favours a volatile delivery by pebble snow. Our model of rapid rocky planet formation by pebble accretion displays broad consistency with the volatile contents of the Sun's terrestrial planets. The diversity of the terrestrial planets can therefore be used as benchmark cases to calibrate models of extrasolar rocky planets and their atmospheres.
description: Version accepted for Astronomy & Astrophysics
Primary black hole spin in OJ287 as determined by the General Relativity centenary flare
Creators: name: Valtonen, M. J.
name: Zola, S.
name: Ciprini, S.
name: Gopakumar, A.
name: Matsumoto, K.
name: Sadakane, K.
name: Kidger, M.
name: Gazeas, K.
name: Nilsson, K.
name: Berdyugin, A.
name: Piirola, V.
name: Jermak, H.
name: Baliyan, K. S.
name: Alicavus, F.
name: Boyd, D.
name: Torrent, M. Campas
name: Campos, F.
name: Gomez, J. Carrillo
name: Caton, D. B.
name: Chavushyan, V.
name: Dalessio, J.
name: Debski, B.
name: Dimitrov, D.
name: Drozdz, M.
name: Er, H.
name: Erdem, A.
name: Perez, A. Escartin
name: Ramazani, V. Fallah
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Ganesh, S.
name: Garcia, F.
name: Pinilla, F. Gomez
name: Gopinathan, M.
name: Haislip, J. B.
name: Hudec, R.
name: Hurst, G.
name: Ivarsen, K. M.
name: Jelinek, M.
name: Joshi, A.
name: Kagitani, M.
name: Kaur, N.
name: Keel, W. C.
name: LaCluyze, A. P.
name: Lee, B. C.
name: Lindfors, E.
name: de Haro, J. Lozano
name: Moore, J. P.
name: Mugrauer, M.
name: Nogues, R. Naves
name: Neely, A. W.
name: Nelson, R. H.
name: Ogloza, W.
name: Okano, S.
name: Pandey, J. C.
name: Perri, M.
name: Pihajoki, P.
name: Poyner, G.
name: Provencal, J.
name: Pursimo, T.
name: Raj, A.
name: Reichart, D. E.
name: Reinthal, R.
name: Sadegi, S.
name: Sakanoi, T.
name: Gonzalez, J. L. Salto
name: Schweyer, T.
name: Siwak, M.
name: Alfaro, F. C. Soldan
name: Sonbas, E.
name: Steele, I.
name: Stocke, J. T.
name: Strobl, J.
name: Takalo, L. O.
name: Tomov, T.
name: Espasa, L. Tremosa
name: Valdes, J. R.
name: Perez, J. Valero
name: Verrecchia, F.
name: Webb, J. R.
name: Yoneda, M.
name: Zejmo, M.
name: Zheng, W.
name: Telting, J.
name: Saario, J.
name: Reynolds, T.
name: Kvammen, A.
name: Gafton, E.
name: Karjalainen, R.
name: Harmanen, J.
name: Blay, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: OJ287 is a quasi-periodic quasar with roughly 12 year optical cycles. It displays prominent outbursts which are predictable in a binary black hole model. The model predicted a major optical outburst in December 2015. We found that the outburst did occur within the expected time range, peaking on 2015 December 5 at magnitude 12.9 in the optical R-band. Based on Swift/XRT satellite measurements and optical polarization data, we find that it included a major thermal component. Its timing provides an accurate estimate for the spin of the primary black hole, chi = 0.313 +- 0.01. The present outburst also confirms the established general relativistic properties of the system such as the loss of orbital energy to gravitational radiation at the 2 % accuracy level and it opens up the possibility of testing the black hole no-hair theorem with a 10 % accuracy during the present decade.
Energy Rating Label for PV Modules for Improving Energy Yield Prediction in Different Climates
Creators: name: Schweiger, M.
name: Herrmann, W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1888-1892
description: This study concerns the development of an energy yield rating label for PV modules for different
climates in addition to the traditional nominal power value at STC. We discuss the need for an energy yield rating
concept, which is using the Module Performance Ratio (MPR) as determining parameter, and we point out the
challenges of a technology-independent and time-independent energy rating. We accordingly measured the Module
Performance Ratio (MPR) of 15 PV modules in four different climate zones. Besides the MPR, we introduced the
Module Performance Ratio Index (MPRI) to compare the energy yield performance of different PV modules against a
standard c-Si PV module. The results can be used to create an energy yield rating label that is independent of annual
meteorological fluctuations. The purpose of this study is to reduce the uncertainty for energy yield predictions and
thus to facilitate the bankability of PV systems.
Higher order asymptotic expansions to the solutions for a nonlinear damped wave equation
Creators: name: Kawakami, Tatsuki
name: Takeda, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the Cauchy problem for a nonlinear damped wave equation. Under suitable assumptions for the nonlinearity and the initial data, we obtain the global solution which satisfies weighted $L^1$ and $L^\infty$ estimates. Furthermore, we establish the higher order asymptotic expansion of the solution. This means that we construct the nonlinear approximation of the global solution with respect to the weight of the data. Our proof is based on the approximation formula of the linear solution, which is given in [36], and the nonlinear approximation theory for a nonlinear parabolic equation developed by [18].
Quantifying the Effect of Feedback Frequency in Interactive Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Tasks
Creators: name: Harnack, Daniel
name: Pivin-Bachler, Julie
name: Navarro-Guerrero, Nicolás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reinforcement learning (RL) has become widely adopted in robot control. Despite many successes, one major persisting problem can be very low data efficiency. One solution is interactive feedback, which has been shown to speed up RL considerably. As a result, there is an abundance of different strategies, which are, however, primarily tested on discrete grid-world and small scale optimal control scenarios. In the literature, there is no consensus about which feedback frequency is optimal or at which time the feedback is most beneficial. To resolve these discrepancies we isolate and quantify the effect of feedback frequency in robotic tasks with continuous state and action spaces. The experiments encompass inverse kinematics learning for robotic manipulator arms of different complexity. We show that seemingly contradictory reported phenomena occur at different complexity levels. Furthermore, our results suggest that no single ideal feedback frequency exists. Rather that feedback frequency should be changed as the agent's proficiency in the task increases.
description: Neural Computing and Applications (2022). Special Issue on Human-aligned Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Agents and Robots
Environmental Stress Potentials of Different Climatic Regions
Creators: name: Owen-Bellini, M.
name: Zhu, J.
name: Betts, T.R.
name: Gottschalg, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1854-1857
description: Whilst current photovoltaic (PV) module certification standards and procedures have been successful in
reducing infant mortality, they do not reveal much information about the actual long-term durability of the modules in
real outdoor conditions. In order to develop tests which provide more meaningful information about the longevity of a PV
device, it is necessary to assess the real conditions to which they are exposed. With this in mind, high-resolution climate
data has been collected for three case study sites within different climatic regions in order to assess the conditions which
modules deployed in those sites would experience. The paper focusses on the thermal variation and thermally-induced
stresses seen due to thermal cycling. It is shown that the module temperature profiles between different climatic regions
vary significantly, with temperate climates often exhibiting frequent but small-magnitude temperature cycling whilst
desert and tropical climates experience less frequent but large-magnitude cycles. Additionally, it is shown that ramping
rates also vary between climates and are significantly less extreme than those outlined by the current standard test
procedures. The conclusions drawn from the work illustrates the need to understand the impact of the different stress
profile parameters, such as cycling frequency and ramping rates, on various failure mechanisms in order to develop
meaningful tests which would allow for the prediction of actual degradation rates and lifetime in different climatic zones.
Economic Viability of Small-Scale Aquaculture in Malawi
Creators: name: Munthali, Maggie G.
name: Chilora, Lemekezani
name: Nyirenda, Zephania
name: Solonga, Dinah
name: Wineman, Ayala
name: Muyanga, Milu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Production Economics
subject: Malawi
subject: Aquaculture
subject: Income generation
subject: Small-scale

description: Key Messages • Small-scale aquaculture in Malawi is profitable, despite the challenges faced by fish farmers such as a lack of access to high quality feed, fingerlings, relevant extension services, and well-structured output markets. • On average, fish farms make a profit of MK 116,258 (median = MK 25,500). Although this value is likely too low to attract many new entrants to fish farming, the average productivity in terms of profit per hectare is MK 3.2 million per hectare or approximately USD 3,888 per hectare, which exceeds the average productivity per hectare of crop farming. • Commercial and homemade feed account for the largest share (54.9%) of the cost of production. • There is potential to improve the profitability of small-scale aquaculture by investing in feed and fingerling production, identifying lower cost alternatives to conventional fish feed (such as insects), investing in aquaculture extension services, and promoting best practices in fish farming.
title: Teachers’ emotional exhaustion before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Neither emotional exertion nor vacation feeling
Creators: name: Bleck, Victoria
name: Lipowsky, Frank
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Coronavirus disease
subject: emotional exhaustion
subject: in-service-teachers
subject: latent-change
subject: longitudinal study
subject: teacher stress
subject: 150
subject: 370
subject: Deutschland
subject: COVID-19
subject: Erschöpfung
subject: Lehrer
subject: Pandemie
subject: Längsschnittuntersuchung
subject: Vorbereitungsdienst

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Analysing Stakeholder-Informed Scenarios of High PV Deployment for a Low-Carbon Electricity Grid in the UK: A Consequential LCA Approach
Creators: name: Jones, C.
name: Raugei, M.
name: Gilbert, P.
name: Mander, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV in the Electricity Markets

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4153-4155
description: The problem of evaluating the greenhouse gas emissions and energy return on energy invested for an electricity system with a high level of installed PV is discussed and proposed solutions are put forward. A novel consequential lifecycle assessment (CLCA) approach is described that assess the impacts of PV at three distinct but interrelated levels. Firstly energy and material flows from raw materials through to end of life disposal or recycling PV products including panels, inverters and batteries. Secondly, changes to electricity distribution networks where the aggregate effects of PV require new infrastructure assets or new management and control approaches. Thirdly there are effects on the operation of the centralised electricity grid, both in terms of power flows into the grid and in terms of reducing from the grid at certain times through self consumption of PV output. The challenges of evaluating the impacts a distributed electricity generating technology in aggregate on a future electricity system require inter-disciplinary use of life cycle assessment, detailed scenario development and power system analysis.
$Λ_b \to (Λ_c,\,p)\,τ\,ν$ decays within standard model and beyond
Creators: name: Dutta, Rupak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deviations from the standard model prediction have been observed in several leptonic and semileptonic $B$ meson decays to $τν$ final states mediated via $b \to u$ and $b \to c$ charged current interactions. The measured value of ratio of branching ratios $R_π^l$ of $B^- \to τ^-\,ν_τ$ to $B^0 \to π^+\,ł^-\,ν$ decays, where $l = (e,\,μ)$, is larger than the standard model prediction by more than a factor of two. Similarly, a combined excess of $3.9σ$ from the standard model expectation has been reported by HFAG for the values of $R_D$ and $R_{D^{\ast}}$, where $R_{D,\,D^{\ast}}$ represents the ratio of branching ratios of $B \to (D,\,D^{\ast})\,τν$ to corresponding $B \to (D,\,D^{\ast})\,lν$ decays, respectively. Very recently, hint of lepton flavor violation has been observed in the ratio of branching fractions of $B \to K\,e^+\,e^-$ to $B \to K\,μ^+\,μ^-$ decays as well. In this context, we employ an effective Lagrangian approach to study the decay branching fractions and the ratio of branching fractions of $Λ_b \to Λ_c\,l\,ν$ and $Λ_b \to p\,l\,ν$ decays within the standard model and beyond. We constrain the new physics parameter space using the existing experimental data on $R_D$, $R_{D^{\ast}}$, and $R_π^l$. We give predictions for various observables in the context of various new physics scenarios.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Cosmological Imprints of SUSY Breaking in Models of Sgoldstinoless Non-Oscillatory Inflation
Creators: name: Heurtier, Lucien
name: Moursy, Ahmad
name: Wacquez, Lucien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In supergravity, the dynamics of the sgoldstino -- superpartner of the goldstino superfield associated with the breaking of supersymmetry at low energy -- can substantially modify the dynamics of inflation in the primordial Universe. So-called sgoldstinoless models assume the existence of a nilpotency constraint $S^2=0$ that effectively removes the sgoldstino from the theory. Such models were proposed to realise non-oscillatory inflation scenarios with a single scalar field, which feature a long period of kination at the end of inflation, and therefore a non-standard post-inflationary cosmology. Using effective operators, we propose models in which the sgoldstino is stabilized close to the origin to reproduce the nilpotent constraint. We show that small sgoldstino fluctuations may lead to a sizeable back-reaction on the cosmological history. We study the effect of this back-reaction on the inflation observables measured in the cosmic microwave background and confront the model to a series of constraints including limits on $ΔN_{\rm eff}$. We show that the peculiar form of the potential in the large supersymmetry breaking scale limit can generate peaks in the scalar power spectrum produced from inflation. We study how certain perturbation modes may re-enter the horizon during or after kination and show that a large supersymmetry breaking scale may lead to the formation of primordial black holes with various masses in the early Universe.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
Pteropus voeltzkowi Matschie 1909
Creators: name: Koopman, Karl F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Pteropodidae
Pteropus
Pteropus voeltzkowi

description: Pteropus voeltzkowi Matschie, 1909. Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, p. 486. TYPE LOCALITY: Tanzania, Pemba Isl, Fufuni. DISTRIBUTION: Pemba Isl (off coast of Tanzania). STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Endangered. COMMENTS: See Bergmans (1990).
description: Published as part of Karl F. Koopman, 1993, Order Chiroptera, pp. 137-241 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 152, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353060
description: {"references": ["Bergmans, W. 1990. Taxonomy and biogeography of African fruit bats (Mammalia: Megachiroptera). 3. The genera Scotonycteris Matschie, 1894, Casinycteris Thomas, 1910, Pteropus Brisson, 1762, and Eidolon Rafinesque, 1815. Beaufortia, 40 (7): 111 - 177."]}
Round Robin Testing of Various Back-Sheets for PV-Modules with Different Ultra-Violet Radiation Sources and Sample Temperatures
Creators: name: Köhl, M.
name: Ballion, A.
name: Lee, Y.-H.
name: Wu, H.-S.
name: Scott, K.P.
name: Glick, S.
name: Hacke, P.
name: Koo, H.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1858-1861
description: Durability testing of materials exposed to natural weathering requires testing of the UV stability, especially
for polymeric materials. The type approval testing of PV-modules according to the standards IEC 61215 and IEC 61646
includes a so-called UV-preconditioning test with a total UV dose of 15 kWh/m² not corresponding to the real loads
during lifetime. Between 3- 10% of the UV radiation has to be in the spectral range between 280nm and 320nm in the
recent editions of the standards. However, the spectral distribution of the radiation source is very important since the
samples show a very individual spectral sensitivity for the radiation offered. Less than 6% of the intensity of solar
radiation comes in the UV range. In case of an increase of the intensity of the light source for accelerating the UV-test the
overheating of the samples would have to be prevented more strictly and the temperature of the samples have to be
measured in order to avoid misinterpretation of the test results. Fraunhofer ISE organized an inter-laboratory comparison
of testing different back-sheets with different UV-light sources in various test laboratories using different UV-sources.
The interaction of the UV-radiation with the polymers used in PV-modules is main subject of this round robin. Laminates
were produced by using solar glass (130mm * 200mm) and a respective EVA encapsulant combined with 7 different
back-sheets. The sample was exposed in a sample holder equipped with a couple of different filters in order to
investigate roughly the spectral sensitivity by means of 3 edge filters and the intensity impact by two grating filters. The
sample temperature was measured by thermo-couples. The degradation was followed by spectral reflectance and
transmittance measurements and calculation of the yellowness-index. Clear differences in the degradation behavior of the
different products were found.
O BrCris como ferramenta para acesso e avaliação da ciência
Creators: name: Dias, Thiago
name: Silva, Vivian
name: Silva, Jesiel
name: Júnior, Renê Gabriel
name: Moreira, Tales
name: Mena-Chalco, Jesús
name: Segundo, Washington
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão "Comunicação IV" da 14ª Conferência Lusófona de Ciência Aberta, Natal Brasil, de 18 a 21 de setembro de 2023.
Apports de la technologie « Blockchain » pour les systèmes de paiements : Cadre Marocain
Creators: name: Najlaa Grain
name: Mohamed Amine Issami
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Cet article propose une revue exhaustive de la littérature relative à l'adoption de la technologie de la « Blockchain » dans les systèmes de paiement au Maroc. À travers une analyse critique des recherches existantes, nous examinons les avantages et les défis associés à l'application de la « Blockchain » dans le contexte financier marocain. L'article explore les implications de cette technologie sur la sécurité des transactions, l'efficacité opérationnelle, la transparence et l'inclusion financière. En mettant en lumière les initiatives et les projets pilotes en cours, nous évaluons également les perspectives futures de la « Blockchain » dans l'évolution des systèmes de paiement au Maroc. Cette revue offre ainsi une base solide pour comprendre les enjeux actuels et guider les futures recherches et mises en œuvre de la technologie« Blockchain » dans le secteur financier marocain.
Photovoltaics for Active Grid Support: Two Summers of Real-world Testing with Reactive Power Control and Storage
Creators: name: Woyte, A.
name: Dierckxsens, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV in the Electricity Markets

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4151-4152
description: Highly concentrated photovoltaics (PV) in distribution grids lead to reverse power flows and high voltages at the generation sites. This paper is an introduction to results from research, development and
demonstration that have been achieved within the European Commission-funded demo project MetaPV. They illustrate how such control can be organized and implemented effectively for large numbers of inverters in a real distribution grid. The project results show how the hosting capacity of a distribution grid for PV can be strongly increased by active voltage control from the side of the PV inverters. In grids with continuously increasing PV penetration, this can serve to postpone grid reinforcement or even to substitute for it. Consolidated recommendations and lessons learned will be published in March 2015. In the meantime, a large amount of detailed technical results is available on the MetaPV project website.
A Better Way to Define Dark Matter Haloes
Creators: name: Garcia, Rafael
name: Salazar, Edgar
name: Rozo, Eduardo
name: Adhikari, Susmita
name: Aung, Han
name: Diemer, Benedikt
name: Nagai, Daisuke
name: Wolfe, Brandon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter haloes have long been recognized as one of the fundamental building blocks of large scale structure formation models. Despite their importance -- or perhaps because of it! -- halo definitions continue to evolve towards more physically motivated criteria. Here, we propose a new definition that is physically motivated, and effectively unique and parameter-free: ''A dark matter halo is comprised of the collection of particles orbiting in their own self-generated potential.'' This definition is enabled by the fact that, even with as few as $\approx 300$ particles per halo, nearly every particle in the vicinity of a halo can be uniquely classified as either orbiting or infalling based on its dynamical history. For brevity, we refer to haloes selected in this way as physical haloes. We demonstrate that: 1) the mass function of physical haloes is Press-Schechter, provided the critical threshold for collapse is allowed to vary slowly with peak height; and 2) the peak-background split prediction of the clustering amplitude of physical halos is statistically consistent with the simulation data, with an accuracy no worse than $\approx 5\%$.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures
MUSE crowded field 3D spectroscopy of over 12,000 stars in the globular cluster NGC 6397 - I. The first comprehensive spectroscopic HRD of a globular cluster
Creators: name: Husser, Tim-Oliver
name: Kamann, Sebastian
name: Dreizler, Stefan
name: Wendt, Martin
name: Wulff, Nina
name: Bacon, Roland
name: Wisotzki, Lutz
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: Weilbacher, Peter M.
name: Roth, Martin M.
name: Monreal-Ibero, Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We demonstrate the high multiplex advantage of crowded field 3D spectroscopy using the new integral field spectrograph MUSE by means of a spectroscopic analysis of more than 12,000 individual stars in the globular cluster NGC 6397. Methods. The stars are deblended with a PSF fitting technique, using a photometric reference catalogue from HST as prior, including relative positions and brightnesses. This catalogue is also used for a first analysis of the extracted spectra, followed by an automatic in-depth analysis using a full-spectrum fitting method based on a large grid of PHOENIX spectra. Results. With 18,932 spectra from 12,307 stars in NGC 6397 we have analysed the largest sample so far available for a single globular cluster. We derived a mean radial velocity of vrad=17.84+-0.07 km/s and a mean metallicity of [Fe/H]=-2.120+-0.002, with the latter seemingly varying with temperature for stars on the RGB. We determine T_eff and [Fe/H] from the spectra, and log g from HST photometry. This is the first very comprehensive HRD for a globular cluster based on the analysis of several thousands of stellar spectra, ranging from the main sequence to the tip of the RGB. Furthermore, two interesting objects were identified with one being a post-AGB star and the other a possible millisecond-pulsar companion.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables, resubmitted to A&A after all referee comments have been addressed, data available on http://muse-vlt.eu/science/
“Counting the Sun” – a Dutch Public Awareness Campaign on PV Performance
Creators: name: Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M.
name: Hart, S.
name: De Jong, M.
name: De Rijk, P.
name: Moraitis, P.
name: Kausika, B.B.
name: Van Der Velde, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Issues

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4161-4164
description: As part of the Dutch Solar Days a campaign for the public was organized to raise awareness on the importance of monitoring PV systems. During one week, i.e. between May 12 and May 18, 2014, participants were asked to measure or determine the amount of generated energy by their PV systems. Participants were recruited via social media and a national television show. Over 5000 participants responded, thus making the campaign a huge success. The measurement week started with a few cloudy days, but ended with some clear sky days, being a typical week in May. This resulted in an average energy yield of 33.4 kWh/kWp. Yield differences predominantly could be attributed to irradiation differences over the country: at coastal areas a 25% higher yield was observed. The average performance ratio was 0.74, which showed that most systems are performing well.
WISE-PV: Whole System and Socio-Economic Impacts of Wide Scale PV Integration
Creators: name: Rowley, P.
name: Leicester, P.
name: Thornley, P.
name: Mander, S.
name: Jones, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV in the Electricity Markets

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4156-4160
description: Solar photovoltaic technology (PV) is playing a rapidly growing role in the UK electricity system with an increase of around 5GW capacity between 2010 and 2014. This work examines potential pathways towards ambitious levels of PV in the UK in order to investigate the impacts, drivers and opportunities for PV in the UK’s future energy mix. This includes a concurrent consideration of policy drivers such as climate change, fuel affordability and security of supply issues together with the impact upon existing energy generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure. For two PV expansion scenarios, a whole-system approach is presented in which a specific-use case is defined and a classification framework (or ontology) is proposed. The ontology provides the basis for subsequent quantitative, multi-domain analysis of future outcomes using a probabilistic technique based on Bayesian statistics. Analytic results based on the analysis of the impacts of wide-sale PV penetration upon a key socio-economic indicator (fuel affordability) are presented, both with and without household energy storage present as a self-consumption facilitator. The potential benefits of this approach in dealing with multiple-domain uncertainties is discussed, whereby multiple criteria such as carbon emissions, energy transmission and generation system impacts and socio-economic impacts can be evaluated for various future PV development pathways, and the implications of the outputs of the research for various stakeholders (including policy makers) are described.
Chiral Unitary Quantum Phase Transition in 2H-Fe$_x$TaSe$_2$
Creators: name: Kanno, Takuya
name: Matsumoto, Takuya
name: Ichimura, Koichi
name: Matsuura, Toru
name: Tanda, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed a metal-insulator transition of a quasi-two dimensional electronic system in transition metal dichalcogenide $2H$-TaSe$_2$ caused by doping iron. The sheet resistance of $2H$-Fe$_x$TaSe$_2$ ($0 \leq x \leq 0.120$) single crystals rises about $10^6$ times with the increasing of $x$ at the lowest temperature. We investigated the temperature dependence of the resistance and found a metal-insulator transition with a critical sheet resistance $11.7 \pm 5.4$ k$\rmΩ$. The critical exponent of the localization length $ν$ is estimated $0.31 \pm 0.18$. The values of the critical sheet resistance and $ν$ are accordant to those of the \textit{chiral unitary class} (less than $h/1.49e^2=17.3$ k$\rmΩ$ and $0.35 \pm 0.03$, respectively). We suggest that $2H$-Fe$_x$TaSe$_2$ is classified as the chiral unitary class, not as standard unitary class.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Evaluation of Full Cost Account Potential in Solar Resource for Energy in a Brazilian Region Using de IRP Methodology for Sustainable Development
Creators: name: De Oliveira Bernal, J.L.
name: Morales Udaeta, M.E.
name: Ribeiro Galvão, L.C.
name: Baesso Grimonni, J.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Issues

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4125-4128
description: The full account evaluating potential for energy resources aims a quantitative analysis and the technology to be applied for its development. In this context, for a solar’s resources evaluation in the Araçatuba region inside the IRP process, it should be, necessarily, beginning with the radiation data collection for this region, this characterization and evaluation of its theoretical energy potential. After obtaining the theoretical energy potential, the next step in the IRP is the Full Account Evaluation in order to obtain the potential that could be realizable for the solar resource through the accounting of the attributes and sub attributes related with the social, environmental, political and technical-economical dimensions. The energy potential for the solar resource can be measured with the historical struck radiation data and its behavior through the seasons. The technical viability of photovoltaic panels implementation, be it in small or large scale, depends on the average struck incident of the region. The obtained data corroborate to a deeper analysis of the solar resource evaluation inside the IRP process, with average 5,11 kWh/m2.day, bringing to the account the survey of implementation costs, O&M costs, availability factor and capacity factor, allowances mechanisms, return of investment, payback, technology domain and time for implementation.
Impact of Externalities on the Carnot Factor of Grid Connected PV Systems
Creators: name: Ray, S.
name: Bardhan, S.
name: Ghosh, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Issues

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4148-4150
description: Ecological performance of any system can be accounted in terms of Carnot efficiency (eco) and this is represented by, eco = [1-W/R] x100%, where R is Resource taken by the man-made system from the mother earth and its eco-systems and W is the Waste, rejected by the manmade systems and those to be absorbed and digested by the mother earth and her eco-systems. The term [1-W/R] is known as the Carnot factor (CF). The value of CF is lying in between 0 and 1 and it bears the condition 0 < CF < 1. For achieving sustainability CF should tend towards zero but in real and actual case the CF has a tendency towards one. Thus, one has to make a close look on CF value of the electrical power generating systems in general and Grid Integrated photovoltaic (GiPV) systems in particular for determining ecological sustainability which emerges out in terms of cost per kWh. The PV power systems consume only the land and casts partial shadow over it. It neither consumes much water nor emits any toxic gas and particulate during its operation. Thus, studies are essential to evaluate the impact of CF on the land related aspects like Land Use Footprints (LUF), and Land Use Impacts (LUI). Correlations of these parameters will quantify the tradeoffs between the costs and Life Cycle Cost (LCC), LUF, and LUI on the GiPV power systems installed on the rooftop of residential buildings, commercial buildings, service buildings and ground mounted systems in the open space. The result of the studies indicated that utility ground mounted option is the most cost effective than that of the rooftops mounted options due to the dual use of the land. The difference in Life Cycle Cost of Electricity (LCCE) in residential rooftop, commercial rooftop and service rooftop are in the range of 17.50-18.00 US ¢/kWh whereas the utility-scale option is in the range of 12.00-12.50 US ¢/kWh.
Experimental demonstration of direct path state characterization by strongly measuring weak values in a matter-wave interferometer
Creators: name: Denkmayr, Tobias
name: Geppert, Hermann
name: Lemmel, Hartmut
name: Waegell, Mordecai
name: Dressel, Justin
name: Hasegawa, Yuji
name: Sponar, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel method was recently proposed and experimentally realized for characterizing a quantum state by directly measuring its complex probability amplitudes in a particular basis using so-called weak values. Recently Vallone and Dequal showed theoretically that weak measurements are not a necessary condition to determine the weak value [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 040502 (2016)]. Here we report a measurement scheme used in a matter-wave interferometric experiment in which the neutron path system's quantum state was characterized via direct measurements using both strong and weak interactions. Experimental evidence is given that strong interactions outperform weak ones. Our results are not limited to neutron interferometry, but can be used in a wide range of quantum systems.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
A divergence-free constrained magnetic field interpolation method for scattered data
Creators: name: Yang, Minglei
name: del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego
name: Zhang, Guannan
name: Beidler, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An interpolation method to evaluate magnetic fields given unstructured, scattered magnetic data is presented. The method is based on the reconstruction of the global magnetic field using a superposition of orthogonal functions. The coefficients of the expansion are obtained by minimizing a cost function defined as the L^2 norm of the difference between the ground truth and the reconstructed magnetic field evaluated on the training data. The divergence-free condition is incorporated as a constrain in the cost function allowing the method to achieve arbitrarily small errors in the magnetic field divergence. An exponential decay of the approximation error is observed and compared with the less favorable algebraic decay of local splines. Compared to local methods involving computationally expensive search algorithms, the proposed method exhibits a significant reduction of the computational complexity of the field evaluation, while maintaining a small error in the divergence even in the presence of magnetic islands and stochasticity. Applications to the computation of Poincaré sections using data obtained from numerical solutions of the magnetohydrodynamic equations in toroidal geometry are presented and compared with local methods currently in use.
Pteropus woodfordi Thomas 1888
Creators: name: Koopman, Karl F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Pteropodidae
Pteropus
Pteropus woodfordi

description: Pteropus woodfordi Thomas, 1888. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 1:156. TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Isis, Guadalcanal Isl, Aola. DISTRIBUTION: Fauro Isl to Guadalcanal Isl (Solomon Isis). STATUS: CITES - Appendix II. SYNONYMS: austini.
description: Published as part of Karl F. Koopman, 1993, Order Chiroptera, pp. 137-241 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 152, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353060