cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Through Thick and Thin - HI Absorption in Cosmological Simulations
Creators: name: Altay, Gabriel
name: Theuns, Tom
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Crighton, Neil H. M.
name: Vecchia, Claudio Dalla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the column density distribution function of neutral hydrogen at redshift z = 3 using a cosmological simulation of galaxy formation from the OverWhelmingly Large Simulations (OWLS) project. The base simulation includes gravity, hydrodynamics, star formation, supernovae feedback, stellar winds, chemodynamics, and element-by-element cooling in the presence of a uniform UV background. Self-shielding and formation of molecular hydrogen are treated in post-processing, without introducing any free parameters, using an accurate reverse ray-tracing algorithm and an empirical relation between gas pressure and molecular mass fraction. The simulation reproduces the observed z = 3 abundance of Ly-A forest, Lyman Limit and Damped Ly-A HI absorption systems probed by quasar sight lines over ten orders of magnitude in column density. Self-shielding flattens the column density distribution for NHI > 10^18 cm-2, while the conversion to fully neutral gas and conversion of HI to H2 steepen it around column densities of NHI = 10^20.3 cm-2 and NHI = 10^21.5 cm-2, respectively.
description: updated to match ApJL accepted version. now includes line list for fiducial model
JUSTIFICATION FOR CHOOSING THE TYPE AND DESIGN  OF THE GENERATOR OZONE-AIR MIXTURE
Creators: name: R.I. Shtanko
name: S.V. Vladimirov
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The article discusses the main types and designs of ozone generators. The dependences of the concentration of the ozone-air mixture on the supply voltage, frequency and type of discharge gap are studied. The main parameters that determine the efficiency of electric ozonizers are given. The factors influencing the increase in the productivity of ozone generators are considered. The necessity of cooling the discharge gaps in high-power ozonizers is shown. Particular attention is paid to ozone generators based on corona discharge.
Radial migration in galactic disks caused by resonance overlap of multiple patterns: Self-consistent simulations
Creators: name: Minchev, I.
name: Famaey, B.
name: Combes, F.
name: Di Matteo, P.
name: Mouhcine, M.
name: Wozniak, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently identified a new radial migration mechanism resulting from the overlap of spiral and bar resonances in galactic disks. Here we confirm the efficiency of this mechanism in fully self-consistent, Tree-SPH simulations, as well as high-resolution pure N-body simulations. In all barred cases we clearly identify the effect of spiral-bar resonance overlap by measuring a bimodality in the changes of angular momentum in the disk, dL, whose maxima are near the bar's corotation and outer Lindblad resonance. This contrasts with the smooth distribution of dL for a simulation with no stable bar present, where strong radial migration is induced by multiple spirals. The presence of a disk gaseous component appears to increase the rate of angular momentum exchange by about 20%. The efficiency of this mechanism is such that galactic stellar disks can extend to over 10 scale-lengths within 1-3 Gyr in both Milky Way size and low-mass galaxies (circular velocity ~100 km/s). We also show that metallicity gradients can flatten in less than 1 Gyr rendering mixing in barred galaxies an order of magnitude more efficient than previously thought.
description: replaced with accepted version: 5 pages, 5 figures (one new figure added), minor changes
High-order resonant power converters for battery charger applications
Creators: name: Shafiei, Navid
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The demand for electric vehicles has expanded rapidly for both industrial and transportation applications. In parallel, new battery technologies have been introduced which are capable of deep-discharge and powering electric vehicles for long periods of time. Due to the increasing complexity of charging algorithms, battery chargers are exposed to demanding operating requirements. In battery charger applications, power converters should not only regulate the battery voltage and power over a wide range, all the way from complete discharge up to the charged floating voltage but also respond to the input voltage variation period. It is also important to work at high efficiency and with low switching noise and charging current ripple. This work studies different problems regarding DC-DC power converters with wide voltage regulation as battery chargers and investigates the application of novel high-order resonant power converters (fourth and fifth-order) and modulation strategies at various power levels. As a solution for high power applications, this work first introduces a modified full bridge LLC resonant power converter driven by both variable frequency and phase shift modulation. The proposed modulation strategy along with the modified resonant circuit exhibits excellent performance for a 3kW resonant power converter, without taking advantage of burst mode strategy. The second part of this work introduces a novel fifth-order L3C2 resonant converter for medium power level applications, that can regulate the battery voltage from near zero output voltage, zero output current to maximum output power. A 950W design example demonstrates a wide output voltage regulation with maximum efficiency of 96%. Finally, a fourth order L3C resonant converter is proposed for electric vehicles with roof-top solar photovoltaic panels, which can not only regulate the battery voltage in a wide range but also track the input voltage variation for extracting the maximum available power from the PV panel. All results from this work have been confirmed experimentally, which highlight the exceptional regulation capability of the proposed resonant power converters and modulation techniques.
Spectral Weight Transfer in Multi-Orbital Mott Systems
Creators: name: Lee, Wei-Cheng
name: Phillips, Philip W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop here a general formalism for multi-orbital Mott systems which can be used to understand dynamical and static spectral weight transfer. We find that the spectral weight transferred from the high energy scales is greatly increased as a result of the multi-orbital structure. As a consequence certainly dynamically generated symmetries obtain at lower values of doping than in the single-band Hubbard model. For example, in the atomic limit, the particle-hole symmetric condition in the lower band shifts from the one-band result of $x=1/3$ to $x=1/(2n_o+1)$, where $n_o$ is the number of orbitals with an unpaired spin. Transport properties computed from effective low-energy theories which forbid double occupancy of bare electrons, such as the multi-orbital t-J generalization, should all be be sensitive to this particle-hole symmetric condition. Away from the atomic limit, the dynamical contributions increase the transferred spectral weight. Consequently, any phenomena which are sensitive to an emergent particle-hole symmetry should obtain at $x
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, Published version
title: Teilautomatisierte Zusammenführung heterogener digitaler Daten aus multiplen Quellen im Rahmen der Tatortdokumentation
Creators: name: Eller, Christian
name: Irmler, Robert
name: Bittner, Timo
name: Franz, Steffan
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin
Year: 2021

description: Im Zuge des Forschungsvorhabens INSITU wird die Optimierung der Strafverfolgung anhand der Unterstützung bzw. Ergänzung bestehender Prozesse mittels digitaler Methoden untersucht. In Zusammenarbeit mit der Polizei gilt es dabei, Tatorte sowie die zugehörigen Dokumentationsergebnisse anhand von mobilen Endgeräten ganzheitlich zu erfassen und in ein verknüpftes, räumlich-semantisches Tatortmodell zu überführen. Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet daher Möglichkeiten für die vollständige digitale Erfassung und Verarbeitung aller Informationen eines Tatorts. Hierfür wird unter anderem die Eignung der von Google entwickelten ARCore-Plattform untersucht, um per Mobilcomputer vor Ort Bereiche und Spuren zu erfasst und räumlich zu referenzieren. Ziel ist es, unter Einbeziehung einer solchen Technologie verschiedenste digitale Daten aus unterschiedlichen Quellen in einem ganzheitlichen und vollumfassenden Tatortmodell (teil-)automatisiert zusammenzuführen.
Decay rates for a class of diffusive-dominated interaction equations
Creators: name: Cañizo, José A.
name: Carrillo, José A.
name: Schonbek, Maria E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We analyse qualitative properties of the solutions to a mean-field equation for particles interacting through a pairwise potential while diffusing by Brownian motion. Interaction and diffusion compete with each other depending on the character of the potential. We provide sufficient conditions on the relation between the interaction potential and the initial data for diffusion to be the dominant term. We give decay rates of Sobolev norms showing that asymptotically for large times the behavior is then given by the heat equation. Moreover, we show an optimal rate of convergence in the $L^1$-norm towards the fundamental solution of the heat equation.
description: 22 pages
title: Автоматизация машинного доения коров на комплексах промышленного типа
Creators: name: Рудаев, Александр
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: Статья посвящена актуальной теме модернизации машинного доения с использованием современных технологий.
Generalization of the Bollobás-Riordan polynomial for tensor graphs
Creators: name: Tanasa, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tensor models are used nowadays for implementing a fundamental theory of quantum gravity. We define here a polynomial $\mathcal T$ encoding the supplementary topological information. This polynomial is a natural generalization of the Bollobás-Riordan polynomial (used to characterize matrix graphs) and is different of the Gur\uau polynomial, (R. Gur\uau, "Topological Graph Polynomials in Colored Group Field Theory", Annales Henri Poincare {\bf 11}, 565-584 (2010)) defined for a particular class of tensor graphs, the colorable ones. The polynomial $\mathcal T$ is defined for both colorable and non-colorable graphs and it is proved to satisfy the contraction/deletion relation. A non-trivial example of a non-colorable graphs is analyzed.
description: 22 pages, 20 figures
Experimental verification of downwind flux contributions and its integration in an existing flux footprint model
Creators: name: Heidbach, K.
name: Schmid, H.P.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2016

description: In the last decades flux footprint modeling has evolved to an indispensable quality assessment
tool in micrometeorology. In studies which include routine footprint estimates for long-term
or continuous flux observations, analytical models are the most commonly used class of
footprint models, due to their mathematical simplicity, and hence their low computational
expense. This practical advantage outweighs the two main drawbacks of such models: their
common assumption of homogeneous turbulence, which is not usually fulfilled in practical
flux measurement conditions, and the non-consideration of flux contributions from sources
downwind of the measurement system.
To demonstrate that downwind flux contributions are present and measurable, we conducted
tracer experiments at a grassland site in Graswang, southern Germany. The site is part of the
TERENO.net preAlpine observatory and is located on a flat alluvial valley bottom (ca. 1 km
wide), flanked by steep sides. An artificial tracer (methane) was released continuously over
one averaging period from a surface source of 1m2 size located downstream of an eddy
covariance measurement system. Our measurements show that, depending on along-wind
turbulence intensity σu/u̅, downwind sources can contribute considerably to a flux
measurement. We introduce a new version of the existing flux footprint model FSAM
(Schmid, 1994) that now takes along-wind diffusion into account and thus is capable of
accounting for downwind flux contributions. A programming error that encumbered later
versions of FSAM has also been corrected in the new version. Further, we are able to evaluate
the overall performance of the new model by means of additional tracer experiments.
Forming and confining of dipolar excitons by quantizing magnetic fields
Creators: name: Kowalik-Seidl, K.
name: Vögele, X. P.
name: Seilmeier, F.
name: Schuh, D.
name: Wegscheider, W.
name: Holleitner, A. W.
name: Kotthaus, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a magnetic field perpendicular to an AlGaAs/GaAs coupled quantum well efficiently traps dipolar excitons and leads to the stabilization of the excitonic formation and confinement in the illumination area. Hereby, the density of dipolar excitons is remarkably enhanced up to $\sim 10^{11} cm^{-2}$. By means of Landau level spectroscopy we study the density of excess holes in the illuminated region. Depending on the excitation power and the applied electric field, the hole density can be tuned over one order of magnitude up to $\sim 2.5$ $10^{11} cm^{-2}$ - a value comparable with typical carrier densities in modulation-doped structures.
description: 4.3 Pages, 4 Figures
Brief: Amicus Curiae Brief of Professors of Religious Liberty on Defendants' Motion to Dismiss under the Religious Liberty Restoration Act
Creators: name: Franke, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Freedom of religion
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: On April 22nd, 2019, nationally recognized law professors with expertise in religious liberty law filed an amicus brief in the appeal of the convictions of four sanctuary activists who were found guilty in January of the crime of leaving water and food in the desert for migrants.  The activists were volunteers with the group No More Deaths/No Más Muertes, and have petitioned a federal court in Arizona to reverse their conviction after a three-day trial. The case ID, for reference, is USA v. Hoffman, et al. U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona, 4:19-cr-00693-RM.

In the brief, the law professors voiced concern that the judge had not provided any analysis of the defendants’ religious liberty defenses raised at trial under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.  In his written opinion, the trial judge dismissed testimony that their faith compelled them to take actions designed to prevent human death and suffering, calling their plea a “modified Antigone defense.”

Columbia Law Professor Katherine Franke, faculty director of Columbia’s Law, Rights, and Religion Project, and author of the law professors’ brief wrote: “While the reference to Greek tragedy is interesting, particularly to us as academics, it substitutes for actual legal analysis of the federal statutory defense raised by the defendants.  Antigone sets up a tension between the King’s law – a formal edict that prohibited the burial of Antigone’s brother Polynices – and the unwritten law of the Gods that mandated a proper burial so as to fulfill a duty to honor and mourn the dead.  Mid-way through Sophocles’ play Antigone challenges the King: ‘I did [not] think your orders were so strong that you, a mortal man, could overrule the gods’ unwritten and unfailing laws.’”

The brief continues, “Yet the defense raised in this case, unlike in Sophocles’ play Antigone, does not stage a tragic conflict between written positive law and unwritten, abstract morality. The law appealed to by the defendants is not outside of or above the laws of the state.  Instead, the defendants ask the court to interpret a written, legislatively created right to religious liberty.  The magistrate judge’s failure to offer a careful analysis of their RFRA defense reflects a mistake of law, passing under cover of a clever parry to Greek tragedy, that should be corrected on appeal.”
Understanding the errors of SHAPE-directed RNA structure modeling
Creators: name: Kladwang, Wipapat
name: VanLang, Christopher C.
name: Cordero, Pablo
name: Das, Rhiju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Single-nucleotide-resolution chemical mapping for structured RNA is being rapidly advanced by new chemistries, faster readouts, and coupling to computational algorithms. Recent tests have shown that selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation by primer extension (SHAPE) can give near-zero error rates (0-2%) in modeling the helices of RNA secondary structure. Here, we benchmark the method using six molecules for which crystallographic data are available: tRNA(phe) and 5S rRNA from Escherichia coli, the P4-P6 domain of the Tetrahymena group I ribozyme, and ligand-bound domains from riboswitches for adenine, cyclic di-GMP, and glycine. SHAPE-directed modeling of these highly structured RNAs gave an overall false negative rate (FNR) of 17% and a false discovery rate (FDR) of 21%, with at least one helix prediction error in five of the six cases. Extensive variations of data processing, normalization, and modeling parameters did not significantly mitigate modeling errors. Only one varation, filtering out data collected with deoxyinosine triphosphate during primer extension, gave a modest improvement (FNR = 12%, and FDR = 14%). The residual structure modeling errors are explained by the insufficient information content of these RNAs' SHAPE data, as evaluated by a nonparametric bootstrapping analysis. Beyond these benchmark cases, bootstrapping suggests a low level of confidence (<50%) in the majority of helices in a previously proposed SHAPE-directed model for the HIV-1 RNA genome. Thus, SHAPE-directed RNA modeling is not always unambiguous, and helix-by-helix confidence estimates, as described herein, may be critical for interpreting results from this powerful methodology.
description: Biochemistry, Article ASAP (Aug. 15, 2011)
Brief: Amicus Brief in Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and New Jersey v. Trump
Creators: name: Franke, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Constitutional law
Employer-sponsored health insurance--Law and legislation
Contraceptives

description: On Monday, March 25th, Professor Katherine Franke, Faculty Director of the Law, Rights, and Religion Project at Columbia Law School, joined an amicus brief in Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and New Jersey v. Trump,* a challenge to two rules that exempt employers with religious or moral objections from compliance with the contraceptive coverage requirement of the Affordable Care Act. The brief explains that these rules actually conflict with Constitutional religious liberty law by requiring employees to bear the cost of their employer's beliefs, regardless of their own religious or moral convictions. As explained in the brief:

"Those employees and their dependents will bear these costs as the price of accommodating their employers’ religious convictions. The Framers opposed forcing non-adherents to pay a small tax in order to support others’ beliefs. Yet the Religious Exemption Rule goes much further, forcing a nationwide subset of Americans to surrender their rights to preventive health care in order to benefit another subset of Americans opposed to contraception. The Establishment Clause forbids this."

Two district courts have already blocked the rules from going into effect. The brief is available here: https://bit.ly/2YvFomA.

*Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and New Jersey v. Trump is case No. 17-3752 in the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Brief of scholars of religious liberty law in Federal Prosecution of Caitlin Persis Deighan, et al.; Activists who left water and food in the desert for migrants
Creators: name: Franke, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Freedom of religion
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: On November 13th, Katherine Franke submitted amicus briefs on behalf of seven scholars of religious liberty law in two cases in which the federal government is prosecuting members of the Tucson-based group No More Deaths/No Más Muertes. The briefs provide guidance to the federal court on how to examine the activists’ claim that their criminal prosecution by the U.S. Department of Justice substantially burdens their sincere religious belief in the sanctity of human life and that they must come to the aiding people in dire distress. The briefs support neither party in either of the cases but rather seeks to provide the court with the proper framework within which to consider the defendants’ motions to dismiss grounded in the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA).

“This case raises important questions regarding the use of RFRA as a defense in a criminal prosecution,” said Professor Katherine Franke, the principal author of the brief. “As legal scholars of religious liberty it is our concern that RFRA is interpreted consistently across contexts where sincerely held religious beliefs are substantially burdened by government action. We note in the brief that the Justice Department has taken a position in this case that is much less protective of religious liberty than it has in cases where the underlying issues are more aligned with the administration’s political agenda,” continued Franke.

“Ironically, the arguments made by attorneys working for the Justice Department provide greater protection to bighorn sheep in Southern Arizona than to human beings, whether they be migrants at risk of death or people of faith coming to their aid,” noted Professor Franke.
ROBO: a Model and a Code for the Study of the Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: Grassi, T.
name: Krstic, P.
name: Merlin, E.
name: Buonomo, U.
name: Piovan, L.
name: Chiosi, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ROBO, a model and its companion code for the study of the interstellar medium (ISM). The aim is to provide an accurate description of the physical evolution of the ISM and to set the ground for an ancillary tool to be inserted in NBody-Tree-SPH (NB-TSPH) simulations of large scale structures in cosmological context or of the formation and evolution of individual galaxies. The ISM model consists of gas and dust. The gas chemical composition is regulated by a network of reactions that includes a large number of species (hydrogen and deuterium based molecules, helium, and metals). New reaction rates for the charge transfer in $\mathrm H^+$ and $\mathrm H_2$ collisions are presented. The dust contains the standard mixture of carbonaceous grains (graphite grains and PAHs) and silicates of which the model follows the formation and destruction by several processes. The model takes into account an accurate treatment of the cooling process, based on several physical mechanisms, and cooling functions recently reported in the literature. The model is applied to a wide range of the input parameters and the results for important quantities describing the physical state of the gas and dust are presented. The results are organized in a database suited to the artificial neural networks (ANNs). Once trained, the ANNs yield the same results obtained by ROBO, with great accuracy. We plan to develop ANNs suitably tailored for applications to NB-TSPH simulations of cosmological structures and/or galaxies.
description: accepted for publication in section 15. Numerical methods and codes of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Bits from Photons: Oversampled Image Acquisition Using Binary Poisson Statistics
Creators: name: Yang, Feng
name: Lu, Yue M.
name: Sbaiz, Luciano
name: Vetterli, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study a new image sensor that is reminiscent of traditional photographic film. Each pixel in the sensor has a binary response, giving only a one-bit quantized measurement of the local light intensity. To analyze its performance, we formulate the oversampled binary sensing scheme as a parameter estimation problem based on quantized Poisson statistics. We show that, with a single-photon quantization threshold and large oversampling factors, the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the estimation variance approaches that of an ideal unquantized sensor, that is, as if there were no quantization in the sensor measurements. Furthermore, the CRLB is shown to be asymptotically achievable by the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). By showing that the log-likelihood function of our problem is concave, we guarantee the global optimality of iterative algorithms in finding the MLE. Numerical results on both synthetic data and images taken by a prototype sensor verify our theoretical analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of our image reconstruction algorithm. They also suggest the potential application of the oversampled binary sensing scheme in high dynamic range photography.
Herschel-ATLAS: Rapid evolution of dust in galaxies in the last 5 billion years
Creators: name: Dunne, L.
name: Gomez, H.
name: da Cunha, E.
name: Charlot, S.
name: Dye, S.
name: Eales, S.
name: Maddox, S.
name: Rowlands, K.
name: Smith, D.
name: Auld, R.
name: Baes, M.
name: Bonfield, D.
name: Bourne, N.
name: Buttiglione, S.
name: Cava, A.
name: Clements, D.
name: Coppin, K.
name: Cooray, A.
name: Dariush, A.
name: de Zotti, G.
name: Driver, S.
name: Fritz, J.
name: Geach, J.
name: Hopwood, R.
name: Ibar, E.
name: Ivison, R.
name: Jarvis, M.
name: Kelvin, L.
name: Pascale, E.
name: Pohlen, M.
name: Popescu, C.
name: Rigby, E.
name: Robotham, A.
name: Rodighiero, G.
name: Sansom, A.
name: Serjeant, S.
name: Temi, P.
name: Thompson, M.
name: Tuffs, R.
name: van der Werf, P.
name: Vlahakis, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first direct and unbiased measurement of the evolution of the dust mass function of galaxies over the past 5 billion years of cosmic history using data from the Science Demonstration Phase of the Herschel-ATLAS. The sample consists of galaxies selected at 250μm which have reliable counterparts from SDSS at z < 0.5, and contains 1867 sources. Dust masses are calculated using both a single temperature grey-body model for the spectral energy distribution and also using a model with multiple temperature components. The dust temperature for either model shows no trend with redshift. Splitting the sample into bins of redshift reveals a strong evolution in the dust properties of the most massive galaxies. At z = 0.4 - 0.5, massive galaxies had dust masses about five times larger than in the local Universe. At the same time, the dust-to-stellar mass ratio was about 3-4 times larger, and the optical depth derived from fitting the UV-sub-mm data with an energy balance model was also higher. This increase in the dust content of massive galaxies at high redshift is difficult to explain using standard dust evolution models and requires a rapid gas consumption timescale together with either a more top-heavy IMF, efficient mantle growth, less dust destruction or combinations of all three. This evolution in dust mass is likely to be associated with a change in overall ISM mass, and points to an enhanced supply of fuel for star formation at earlier cosmic epochs.
description: 26 pages, 24 figures, 4 tables accepted for publication in MNRAS (30th June 2011)
Magneto-structural correlations in doubly hydroxo-bridged Cu(II)-dimers
Creators: name: Lebernegg, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magneto-structural correlations of superexchange-coupled doubly hydroxo-bridged Cu(II)-dimers have been investigated. To this end, an analytical approach has been applied to [Cu2(OH)2F4]2- model complexes. This approach supplies an analytical scheme, based on orbital interactions, for calculating the transfer integral, HAB, which is shown to play the key role in the magnetic coupling constant J for understanding magneto-structural correlations. The single contributions to the transfer integral are calculated and described explicitly. Therefore, this approach supplies a detailed insight into the magnetic behavior and the interaction mechanisms of the hydroxo-bridged Cu-dimers. All analytical results are compared with experimental and numerical data.
description: Croatica Chemica Acta, 84 (2011) in press
title: Влияние осушения на таксационные показатели древостоя в усадебном парке д. Борки Новгородской области
Creators: name: Семенов, Александр
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: В статье рассматривается вопрос о влиянии осушения на основные таксационные показатели древостоя в парке деревни Борки в Новгородской области на землях с различной степенью влажности. Для исследования используются таксационные характеристики: средний диаметр древостоя, средняя высота древостоя и запас.
Преобладающей древесной породой на территории парка является осина. Условия избыточного переувлажнения заметно повлияли на показатели запаса и среднего диаметра древостоя, наблюдаются значительные отличия в полученных данных с пробных площадей, которые закладывались для сравнения таксационных показателей между собой. Средние высоты древостоя на пробных площадях примерно равны друг другу. Рекомендуется проведение мероприятий по прочистке каналов северной и южной части парка для
повышения продуктивности древесной растительности.
Brief: Professors of Law and Religion File Brief Supporting Arizona Immigration Rights Activist's Use of RFRA as a Defense to Federal Criminal Prosecution in United States vs. Warren
Creators: name: Franke, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Freedom of religion
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Five prominent professors of law and religion filed an amicus brief in support of Dr. Scott Warren, a humanitarian aid worker who faces up to twenty years in prison for providing food and shelter to migrants crossing the Arizona desert. The amicus was filed in an Arizona federal court, and contends that Dr. Warren is entitled to an accommodation from being criminally prosecuted for acting on his sincerely held religious beliefs. Dr. Warren, is a member of No More Deaths/No Mas Muertes, a humanitarian aid organization that works to reduce deaths and suffering along the US-Mexico border by providing water, food and clothing to migrants crossing the Arizona desert.  When doing this work, humanitarian workers routinely discover the bodies of migrants who have died due to lack of water, food or shelter in the rugged and remote desert terrain.

In January, Warren was arrested and charged with three felonies for "harboring migrants" after Border Patrol agents allegedly witnessed him giving food and water to two migrants in the desert near Cabeza Prieta national wildlife refuge in Southern Arizona.  Warren was arrested shortly after No More Deaths released a report documenting the systematic destruction by Border Patrol of water and food supplies left in the desert for migrants. Over a nearly four-year period, 3,856 gallons of water had been destroyed by federal officials. The report linked to video showing border patrol agents kicking over gallons and pouring them out onto the ground.

Warren has filed a motion to dismiss the indictment in his case under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), arguing that his sincerely held religious beliefs compel him to provide aid to people who are suffering - and dying - in the desert.  Warren testified at the evidentiary hearing on his RFRA motion that for him “providing humanitarian aid is a sacred act.”  He also described how spiritually devastated he has been when he has come upon human remains in the desert: “The work that we do in discovering, working to identify and recover the people who have died is one of the most sacred things that we can do as humanitarian aid workers in Southern Arizona and in the desert … we witness and we are present for people and for their families, the people who have died and who have perished.”  When asked why he risked violating the law by providing water, food and clothing to migrants in the desert, he testified “Based on my spiritual beliefs, I am compelled to act. I'm drawn to act. I have to act when someone is in need.”
title: KI-Methoden für die automatische Anreicherung von räumlich-semantischen Tatortmodellen
Creators: name: Franz, Steffen
name: Bittner, Timo
name: Irmler, Robert
name: Eller, Christian
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin
Year: 2021

description: Das Sicherheitsforschungsprojekt INSITU beschäftigt sich mit der Optimierung der Strafverfolgung mit Hilfe einer Mobilcomputer-basierten Vor-Ort-Beschreibung von Tatorten. Um eine Beschleunigung des zeitintensiven Prozesses der Dokumentation aller Informationen und Zusammenhänge zu erreichen, wird in diesem Beitrag demonstriert, wie ein Mobilcomputer in die Lage versetzt werden kann, Objekte und deren räumlich-semantische Beziehungen automatisiert zu erfassen. Hierbei werden Augmented-Reality-Technologien mit maschinellen Lernverfahren fusioniert und auf einem Mobilcomputer in Echtzeit zur Anwendung gebracht. Mittels AR-Technologien verortet sich das Gerät im Raum, verfolgt Positionsänderungen und erzeugt kontinuierlich Bilddaten, welche parallel über Algorithmen für die Objektdetektion mit semantischen Informationen angereichert werden. Die so generierten Daten werden anschließend mit den Tracking-Informationen vereinigt, wodurch das räumlich-semantische Tatortmodell automatisiert um Objektinformationen erweitert werden kann.
Brief: Scholars of Religious Liberty Law filed an amicus brief in the Federal Prosecution of Catholic Anti-Nuclear Activists in Georgia
Creators: name: Franke, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Freedom of religion
Antinuclear movement

description: Professor Katherine Franke submitted an amicus brief on behalf of scholars of religious liberty law in a case in which the federal government is prosecuting a group of Catholic peace activists, United States of America vs. Stephen Kelley et al. The brief provides guidance to the federal court on how to examine the claims of the activists, the Kings Bay Plowshares, that criminal prosecution by the U.S. Department of Justice substantially burdens their sincerely held religious belief that nuclear weapons are evil. The brief supports neither party in the case, but rather seeks to provide the court with the proper framework within which to consider the defendants’ motion to dismiss grounded in the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA). Professors Micah J. Schwartzman, the Joseph W. Dorn Research Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, and Nelson Tebbe, a Professor of Law at Cornell Law School, joined the brief.

“This case raises important questions regarding the use of RFRA as a defense in a criminal prosecution,” said Professor Katherine Franke, the principal author of the brief. “As legal scholars of religious liberty it is our concern that RFRA is interpreted consistently across contexts where sincerely held religious beliefs are substantially burdened by government action. We note in the brief that the Justice Department has taken a position in this case that is much less protective of religious liberty than it has in cases where the underlying issues are more aligned with the administration’s political agenda."
Lifshitz critical point in the cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu3Oy from high-field Hall effect measurements
Creators: name: LeBoeuf, David
name: Doiron-Leyraud, Nicolas
name: Vignolle, B.
name: Sutherland, Mike
name: Ramshaw, B. J.
name: Levallois, J.
name: Daou, R.
name: Laliberté, Francis
name: Cyr-Choinière, Olivier
name: Chang, Johan
name: Jo, Y. J.
name: Balicas, L.
name: Liang, Ruixing
name: Bonn, D. A.
name: Hardy, W. N.
name: Proust, Cyril
name: Taillefer, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hall coefficient R_H of the cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu3Oy was measured in magnetic fields up to 60 T for a hole concentration p from 0.078 to 0.152, in the underdoped regime. In fields large enough to suppress superconductivity, R_H(T) is seen to go from positive at high temperature to negative at low temperature, for p > 0.08. This change of sign is attributed to the emergence of an electron pocket in the Fermi surface at low temperature. At p < 0.08, the normal-state R_H(T) remains positive at all temperatures, increasing monotonically as T \to 0. We attribute the change of behaviour across p = 0.08 to a Lifshitz transition, namely a change in Fermi-surface topology occurring at a critical concentration p_L = 0.08, where the electron pocket vanishes. The loss of the high-mobility electron pocket across p_L coincides with a ten-fold drop in the conductivity at low temperature, revealed in measurements of the electrical resistivity $ρ$ at high fields, showing that the so-called metal-insulator crossover of cuprates is in fact driven by a Lifshitz transition. It also coincides with a jump in the in-plane anisotropy of $ρ$, showing that without its electron pocket the Fermi surface must have strong two-fold in-plane anisotropy. These findings are consistent with a Fermi-surface reconstruction caused by a unidirectional spin-density wave or stripe order.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, see associated Viewpoint: M. Vojta, Physics 4, 12 (2011)
Search for flavor changing neutral currents in decays of top quarks
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for flavor changing neutral currents in decays of top quarks. The analysis is based on a search for ttbar -> l'null + jets (l, l' = e, mu) final states using 4.1 fb^-1 of integrated luminosity of ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. We extract limits on the branching ratio B(t -> Zq) (q = u, c quarks), assuming anomalous tuZ or tcZ couplings. We do not observe any sign of such anomalous coupling and set a limit of B < 3.2% at 95% C.L.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Submitted to Physics Letters B. Paper updated Sept. 7, 2011 to include PLB referee's comments and suggestions
Religious freedom for me, but not for thee
Creators: name: Franke, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Freedom of religion
Constitutional law

description: An Op-Ed focused on the particular use and precedents set by the Trump Administration in discourse and practice regarding religious liberty and religious freedom. "When you pay close attention to the litigation strategy pursued by the federal government’s lawyers, what you see is that this administration is not committed to an overarching principle of religious liberty—or even rights for Christians, in general. Like so much of the current political climate under President Trump, the administration is not defending a neutral constitutional principle—religious liberty—for all people, but rather only for those who share the administration’s political perspective. In fact, this government has weaponized the notion of religious liberty, not for its own sake, but rather to advance a blatantly partisan, conservative agenda."
Integrated Geophysical Measurements on a Test Site for Detection of Buried Steel Drums
Creators: name: Marchetti, M.
name: Settimi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geophysical methods are increasingly used to detect and locate illegal waste disposal and buried toxic steel drums. This study describes the results of a test carried out in clayey-sandy ground where 12 empty steel drums had previously been buried at 4-5 m below ground level. This test was carried out with three geophysical methods for steel-drum detection: a magnetometric survey, electrical resistivity tomography with different arrays, and a multifrequency frequency-domain electromagnetic induction survey. The data show that as partially expected, the magnetometric and electromagnetic induction surveys detected the actual steel drums buried in the subsurface, while the electrical resistivity tomography mainly detected the changes in some of the physical properties of the terrain connected with the digging operations, rather than the actual presence of the steel drums.
description: 29 pages, 1 photo, 3 figures
The Value of Cytochrome P450 2C19 Pharmacogenomic Information for Patients Receiving Clopidogrel Therapy Following a Major Cardiovascular Event: Evidence from Geisinger
Creators: name: Pulk, Rebecca A.
name: Graham, Jove
name: Lichtenberg, Frank R.
name: Maeng, Daniel
name: Williams, Marc S.
name: Wright, Eric
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pharmacogenomics
subject: FOS: Medical biotechnology
subject: Clopidogrel
subject: Cardiovascular system--Diseases--Treatment
subject: Medical care--Cost effectiveness

description: Dual antiplatelet therapy, combining a P2Y12 inhibitor and aspirin, is central to the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Clopidogrel is a commonly prescribed thienopyridine P2Y12 inhibitor used to prevent secondary events following a myocardial infarction / percutaneous coronary intervention. Clopidogrel effectiveness has been linked to proper function of metabolic enzyme cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19).   Testing for CYP2C19 genetic changes that result in decreased activity has been proposed as a mechanism by which to identify clopidogrel non-responders a priori. Robust real-world studies evaluating the impact of genotype-guided antiplatelet selection on clinical, utilization and outcome metrics are lacking.

Approach: We linked clinical and financial data on a cohort of 2,595 Geisinger patients who were prescribed antiplatelet therapy without pharmacogenomic insight.  Leveraging post-hoc, research-generated pharmacogenomic information, we describe the potential value of pharmacogenomic information in the selection of clopidogrel as the P2Y12 inhibitor therapy.

Major Results: Among patients examined, CYP2C19 loss of function did not predict the probability of follow-on adverse events, clinical utilization or total medical costs within the 12 months after clopidogrel initiation in adjusted or crude analysis.

Conclusion: Universal CYP2C19 pharmacogenomic testing to inform P2Y12 selection following an MI/PCI index event within the Geisinger patient population studied would not have led to improved clinical outcomes, decreased health care utilization or lower total medical cost.
The Pro-Israel Push to Purge US Campus Critics
Creators: name: Franke, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: College campuses
Academic freedom
Arab-Israeli conflict

description: There are signs that we’ve reached a tipping point in US public recognition of Israel’s suppression of the rights of Palestinians as a legitimate human rights concern. Increasingly, students on campuses across the country are calling on their universities to divest from companies that do business in Israel. Newly elected members of Congress are saying what was once unsayable: that perhaps the US should question its unqualified diplomatic and financial support for Israel, our closest ally in the Middle East, and hold it to the same human rights scrutiny we apply to other nations around the globe. Global companies such as Airbnb have recognized that their business practices must reflect international condemnation of the illegality of Israeli settlements in the West Bank. Natalie Portman, Lorde, and other celebrities have declined appearances in Israel, acknowledging the call to boycott the Israeli government on account of its human rights violations. And The New York Times published a column arguing, with unprecedented forthrightness, that criticism of ethno-nationalism in Israel (for example, defining Israel exclusively as a “Jewish state”) isn’t necessarily anti-Semitic.

At the same time, discussions on college campuses about the complexities of freedom, history, and belonging in Israel and Palestine are under increasing pressure and potential censorship from right-wing entities. In fact, new policies adopted by the US and Israeli governments are intended to eliminate any rigorous discussion of Israeli–Palestinian politics in university settings. Not since the McCarthyite anti-Communist purges have we seen such an aggressive effort to censor teaching and learning on topics the government disfavors.
Making Good on the Broken Promise of Reparations
Creators: name: Franke, Katherine M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Reparations for historical injustices
African Americans--Reparations
Slavery
American Civil War (1861-1865)

description: Even during the Civil War, Union military and political leaders who were directly responsible for stewarding black people from enslavement into their new lives as freed people felt strongly that slavery was an atrocity and a theft that required compensation. Reparations were understood as both a remedy for the rape, torture, death, and destruction of millions of human souls, and a measure that recognized that freedom without material resources would lock black people into second-class status for generations to come. Promises made to freed people in 1865 that they would receive land—as reparations for their enslavement and the leg-up they needed to start their lives anew—were never honored.
Simplicial volume and fillings of hyperbolic manifolds
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Koji
name: Manning, Jason Fox
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let M be a hyperbolic n-manifold whose cusps have torus cross-sections. In arXiv:0901.0056, the authors constructed a variety of nonpositively and negatively curved spaces as "2π-fillings" of M by replacing the cusps of M with compact "partial cones" of their boundaries. These 2π-fillings are closed pseudomanifolds, and so have a fundamental class. We show that the simplicial volume of any such 2π-filling is positive, and bounded above by Vol(M)/v_n, where v_n is the volume of a regular ideal hyperbolic n-simplex. This result generalizes the fact that hyperbolic Dehn filling of a 3-manifold does not increase hyperbolic volume. In particular, we obtain information about the simplicial volumes of some 4--dimensional homology spheres described by Ratcliffe and Tschantz, answering a question of Belegradek and establishing the existence of 4--dimensional homology spheres with positive simplicial volume.
description: 22 pages; version 2 points out the application to the homology spheres of Ratcliffe and Tschantz, and makes some other small changes suggested by the referee