cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Attention and Awareness: Evidence from Cognitive and Second Language Acquisition Research
Creators: name: Al-Hejin, Bandar
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2004

description: Over the past two decades, researchers in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) have become increasingly interested in the concept of attention. The role of attention has significant implications for theories of second language input, processing, development, variation, and instruction. Most of the literature on attention also addresses the concept of awareness. The two concepts are inherently connected but can be operationally distinguished. This review focuses on attention and awareness with respect to their definitions, theories, and the empirical evidence of their role in learning. Emphasis will be on research from cognitive psychology. This is followed by a brief review of SLA research relevant to Schmidt’s Noticing Hypothesis (1990). The discussion suggests that: (a) Schmidt’s definition of attention, as detection among other things, disregards the possibility of learning without attention; (b) attention facilitates SLA; (c) awareness is not necessary for converting input to intake; and (d) awareness can also facilitate SLA.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 4 No. 1 (2004)
Optimal Tree for Both Synchronizability and Converging Time
Creators: name: Zeng, An
name: Hu, Yanqing
name: Di, Zengru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been proved that the spanning tree from a given network has the optimal synchronizability, which means the index $R=λ_{N}/λ_{2}$ reaches the minimum 1. Although the optimal synchronizability is corresponding to the minimal critical overall coupling strength to reach synchronization, it does not guarantee a shorter converging time from disorder initial configuration to synchronized state. In this letter, we find that it is the depth of the tree that affects the converging time. In addition, we present a simple and universal way to get such an effective oriented tree in a given network to reduce the converging time significantly by minimizing the depth of the tree. The shortest spanning tree has both the maximal synchronizability and efficiency.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Torsion and Axial Current
Creators: name: Mahato, Prasanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of torsion and a scalar field $ϕ$ in gravitation, especially, in the presence of a Dirac field in the background of a particular class of the Riemann-Cartan geometry is considered here. Recently, a Lagrangian density with Lagrange multipliers has been proposed by the author which has been obtained by picking some particular terms from the SO(4,1) Pontryagin density, where the scalar field $ϕ$ causes the de Sitter connection to have the proper dimension of a gauge field. In this formalism, conserved axial vector matter current can be constructed, irrespective of any gauge choice, in any manifold having arbitrary background geometry. This current is not a Noether current.
description: 13 pages, no figure
A Counter Perspective
Creators: name: Johnson, Rebekah
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2003

description: It was with great interest that I read the Stubbe, Lane, Hilder, Vine, Vine, Marra, Holmes, and Weatherall (2003) article analyzing workplace interaction. It demonstrated the varied ways the same material could be dissected and the diverse conclusions that could be drawn from approaches of conversation analysis, interactional sociolinguisitcs, politeness theory, critical discourse analysis, and discursive psychology. However, I found myself disagreeing with the general analyses made by the writers in all five approaches. It seems that, in looking to properly use linguistic, paralinguistic, and discourse features in ways championed by each approach, the analysts tailored their discussions to fit with the general assumptions and foci inherent to each style, and in consequence, to ignore the big picture (or what I term the common sense view that we, as social beings, have of an interaction from our general social knowledge).
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2003)
Unreconciled legacies : addressing same-sex male sexual violence, intimacies, agencies, and negotiations within the Holocaust and Indian Residential Schools
Creators: name: Connor, Benjamin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Attempts to address sexual violence against men and boys (SVAMB) within the Holocaust and Indian Residential Schools (IRS) contexts have achieved varying levels of success. Research concerning SVAMB during the Holocaust is still in its infancy, while the IRS context, primarily through the work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, has made SVAMB a foundational aspect of its discourse. However, both contexts have neglected to engage questions of sexual agency, which are integral to understanding how individuals attempt to survive violence and, in some cases, resist their oppressors. This thesis seeks to first develop and later put into practice with Holocaust and IRS survivor testimonies an approach for considering the complex invocations of agency in these violent contexts in relation to SVAMB and/or sexual barter. Specifically, my thesis draws from Jewish Auschwitz survivor Primo Levi, lesbian-feminist theorist Anne Cvetkovich, and European intellectual historian Dominick LaCapra to articulate a multidirectional approach that positions the body as a non-sovereign site of ongoing negotiations, which functions to (1) shift “agency” from a fixed, transferrable concept, (2) nuance and make visible how victims/survivors engage in forms of sexual agency and/or resistance during and after a sex act, and (3) understand how individuals may “act out” and “work through” their sexual trauma. After, I apply this approach to testimonies from the following individuals to articulate forms of sexual justice, propose a method of addressing complex forms of lateral violence, and advocate for addressing sexual trauma at both the community and individual level: Holocaust survivors Heinz Heger and Gad Beck, and residential school survivors Tomson Highway, Richard Hall, and Laurie McDonald. Ultimately, my project addresses unresolved traumatic histories stemming from sexual violence that permeate the lives of survivors and risk being reproduced within their biological/queer chosen families today.
title: Reduction and Summarization of Forage Production Data from Pasture and Range Lands
Creators: name: Wilkinson, Julian Leigh
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1966

description: In an attempt to control and properly manage our vast pasture and range lands there have been many problems that the scientist has been confronted with. Among these has been the problem of reducing the great quantity of collected data from the ranges and pasture lands into a form suitable for scientific analysis. In the past this reduction process has been accomplished by slow, painstaking hand calculation methods, thus making it virtually impossible for the scientist to analyze and propose corrective measures at the time they are needed. However, with the advent of high speed computing equipment this need no longer be a major factor of concern to the research worker today. It has been the purpose of this study to develop a program utilizing computers to solve one of these many problems. The problem that has been specifically dealt with in this report is that of the summarization of forage weight production data.
title: Estimation of Parameters of Normal Populations from Truncated Samples
Creators: name: Liang, Kuo-chung
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: In statistical experiments, if a random sample of items drawn from a population is tested until all items fail, conventional statistical techniques may be employed but normal frequency distributions may not be satisfied. Failure of the data to satisfy the assumption of normality may lead to an invalid result. Some statistical results, however, have been shown to be robust to the failure of the data to meet normality. When using conventional experimental methods, considerable time and money are required to produce failure of all samples. To be economical, many experiments are concluded before all test items fail. A sample obtained from such experiments is said to be truncated or censored.
By truncation, or censoring, the information can be obtained in a shorter period of time, since fewer items are tested. These statistical situations have frequently been encountered in what are called life testing, dosage response studies, target analysis, biological analysis, biological assays, and in other related investigations.
The methods applicable to the study of truncation may be classified roughly as follows: 1. Method of maximum likelihood estimator. This method is to be recommended when sample sizes are at least moderately large.The estimators for truncated and censored samples are consistent and asymptotically efficient. Solutions are always approximated by straightforward iterative procedures; hence, the calculations often become tedious and laborious. 2. Method of least squares or order statistics. The method should be employed when estimators must be based on samples of size 20 or less. The approach to the general case in truncation is of value not only for its numerical results but also for the drawing of inferences concerning interesting and important patterns for the coefficients, variances, and the relative efficiencies of the estimates. 3. Computer method of maximum likelihood estimation. Recently with the development and availability of electronic computers, the exhausting calculations involved in the maximum likelihood estimations have been greatly alleviated. One program furnished by Hurst (1966) has been appended for reference.
title: Transformations, Subgroups and Direct Sums in Group Theory
Creators: name: Ott, Melvin L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: The purpose of this paper will be to pre sent detailed proofs to selected theorems and to give solutions to various exercises. The proofs for some theorems not directly related to topics under discussion will be omitted and will be denoted with letters rather than being numbered.
The first portion of the paper discusses transformations and subgroups. However, many basic definitions and theorems will not be stated for example definition of a group, subgroup, normal sub­group, factor group, etc. Topics to be emphasized include centralizer, center, and normalizer of a group, characteristic subgroups, con­jugacy and commutator.
In the second part of the paper direct sums are discussed with the ultimate proof of the famous Remak-Krull-Schmidt Theorem.
Symmetry relation for multifractal spectra at random critical points
Creators: name: Monthus, Cecile
name: Berche, Bertrand
name: Chatelain, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Random critical points are generically characterized by multifractal properties. In the field of Anderson localization, Mirlin, Fyodorov, Mildenberger and Evers [Phys. Rev. Lett 97, 046803 (2006)] have proposed that the singularity spectrum $f(α)$ of eigenfunctions satisfies the exact symmetry $f(2d-α)=f(α)+d-α$ at any Anderson transition. In the present paper, we analyse the physical origin of this symmetry in relation with the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation relations of large deviation functions that are well-known in the field of non-equilibrium dynamics: the multifractal spectrum of the disordered model corresponds to the large deviation function of the rescaling exponent $γ=(α-d)$ along a renormalization trajectory in the effective time $t=\ln L$. We conclude that the symmetry discovered on the specific example of Anderson transitions should actually be satisfied at many other random critical points after an appropriate translation. For many-body random phase transitions, where the critical properties are usually analyzed in terms of the multifractal spectrum $H(a)$ and of the moments exponents X(N) of two-point correlation function [A. Ludwig, Nucl. Phys. B330, 639 (1990)], the symmetry becomes $H(2X(1) -a)= H(a) + a-X(1)$, or equivalently $Δ(N)=Δ(1-N)$ for the anomalous parts $Δ(N) \equiv X(N)-NX(1)$. We present numerical tests in favor of this symmetry for the 2D random $Q-$state Potts model with various $Q$.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, v2=final version
Eclecticism in Discourse Analysis
Creators: name: Kahn, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2003

description: If discourse analysis were represented pictorially by a tree, I see it as a tree with many branches—each shaped by different pioneers (from Searle to Schegloff, Gumperz to Grice), disciplines (linguistics to philosophy, anthropology to sociology to psychology), and perspectives (theoretical to methodological). Discourse researchers occupying these different branches have a history of maintaining their own set of aims and, in so doing, drawing clear lines between one another’s work. As Lakoff (2001) writes, each domain of language study has advanced its own way of talking, with such boundaries both “guarded jealously and justified zealously” (p. 200).
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2003)
On CDA’s Potential for Application in Education
Creators: name: G. Alatriste, Lubie
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2003

description: In their introduction to the subsection on critical discourse analysis (CDA) in the article, “Multiple discourse analyses of a workplace interaction”, Marra and Holmes summarize the aims of CDA. These include raising “people’s awareness of the reciprocal influences of language and social structure” (p. 367) as well as showing how “power and dominance are produced and reproduced in social practice through the discourse structure of generally unremarkable interactions” (p. 367). These aims seem to be in line with Fairclough’s (1989) view of the need to “increase consciousness of how language contributes to the domination of some people by others, because consciousness is the first step towards emancipation” (p. 1).
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2003)
Additional file 1 of Cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular diseases: a randomized controlled trial (CBR-CARDIO, DRKS00029295)
Creators: name: Bethge, Matthias
name: Thome-Soós, Friederike
name: Rašo, Luka Marko
name: Weier, Lisa
name: Benninghoven, Dieter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Items from the World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set.
Comparing Household and Individual Measures of Access through a Food Environment Lens: What Household Food Opportunities Are Missed When Measuring Access to Food Retail at the Individual Level?
Creators: name: Smith, Lindsey G.
name: Widener, Michael J.
name: Liu, Bochu
name: Farber, Steven
name: Minaker, Leia M.
name: Patterson, Zachary
name: Larsen, Kristian
name: Gilliland, Jason
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Geographers and public health researchers have long been interested in social, spatial, and economic factors that drive access and exposure to food retail. A growing body of evidence draws on mobility data to capture locations accessed by individuals beyond the home address. Given that food-related activities are shared by household members and often gendered, taking an individual-level approach might limit researchers’ ability to accurately describe access to food retail. Using data that includes Global Positioning System trajectories of forty-six adults from twenty-one households in Toronto, this study compares access to food retailers at the individual and household levels and evaluates measurement issues that arise when relying on one household member. Spatial and spatiotemporal measures of access were derived from individual and total household activity spaces. Differences in access were tested for men and women and moderating effects of neighborhood, shopping responsibility, car access, and employment status were investigated. Supermarket density was greater for women when compared with men in the household, as well as their total household measure. Additionally, within-household differences in counts of supermarkets were moderated by neighborhood. Future research should consider the role of place and the contributions of household members when measuring access to food at the individual level.
title: Linear Coordinate Systems and Statistical Independence and Vector Spaces and Linear Statistical Models
Creators: name: McDonald, James B.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: The object of this report is an investigation of statistical independence and linear coordinate systems. It is hoped that this report will give some background for an ultimate investigation of independence and non­linear coordinate systems using tensor analysis.
An additional basic objective is to obtain explicit algebraic expressions for different types of linear trans- formations.
The first concepts to be covered are arbitrary linear transformations, various ways of looking at linear transformations, and the effects of a linear transformation on a vector of normally distributed random variables.
Next orthogonal transformations to independence, and then oblique transformations to independence will be developed in turn.
A Comparative Approach for Environmental Justice Analysis: Explaining Divergent Societal Distributions of Particulate Matter and Ozone Pollution across U.S. Neighborhoods
Creators: name: Collins, Timothy W.
name: Grineski, Sara E.
name: Nadybal, Shawna M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Numerous environmental justice (EJ) studies demonstrate that U.S. racial and ethnic minorities experience disparate hazard exposures, but we lack knowledge about how the societal distribution of risk varies between hazard types and how neighborhood-level racial residential segregation influences patterns of environmental injustice. We address those limitations by comparatively analyzing disparities in exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone (O3) across census tracts of the contiguous United States and by elucidating the role of local racial residential segregation in structuring environmental injustices based on minority versus White neighborhood composition. Results indicate divergent societal patterns of exposure to the two pollutants. Tracts with higher PM2.5 have greater proportions of Hispanic, Black, and Asian and Pacific Islander residents, whereas tracts with increased O3 have lower proportions of those racialized groups. Additionally, we find that local multigroup racial residential segregation modifies the effect of minority versus White composition on PM2.5 exposures, such that residents of segregated minority neighborhoods breathe air laden with more PM2.5, whereas those in segregated White neighborhoods inhale air with less PM2.5. We find the opposite pattern for O3. Our comparative EJ perspective illuminates how the association between privileged Whiteness and O3 pollution is neither unjust nor equalizes the distribution of risk.
Additional file 2 of Cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular diseases: a randomized controlled trial (CBR-CARDIO, DRKS00029295)
Creators: name: Bethge, Matthias
name: Thome-Soós, Friederike
name: Rašo, Luka Marko
name: Weier, Lisa
name: Benninghoven, Dieter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Description of the components of the cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation program according to the TIDieR checklist.
WD + MS systems as the progenitor of SNe Ia
Creators: name: Meng, Xiangcun
name: Yang, Wuming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the initial and final parameter space for SNe Ia in a ($\log P^{\rm i}, M_{\rm 2}^{\rm i}$) plane and find that the positions of some famous recurrent novae, as well as a supersoft X-ray source (SSS), RX J0513.9-6951, are well explained by our model. The model can also explain the space velocity and mass of Tycho G, which is now suggested to be the companion star of Tycho's supernova. Our study indicates that the SSS, V Sge, might be the potential progenitor of supernovae like SN 2002ic if the delayed dynamical-instability model due to Han & Podsiadlowski (2006) is appropriate. Following the work of Meng, Chen & Han (2009), we found that the SD model (WD + MS) with an optically thick wind can explain the birth rate of supernovae like SN 2006X and reproduce the distribution of the color excess of SNe Ia. The model also predicts that at least 75% of all SNe Ia may show a polarization signal in their spectra.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Science (Proceeding of the 4th Meeting on Hot Subdwarf Stars and Related Objects, edited by Zhanwen Han, Simon Jeffery & Philipp Podsiadlowski)
In Defense of Critical Discourse Analysis
Creators: name: Frantz, Roger S.
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2003

description: I enjoyed reading the article “Multiple Discourse Analyses of a Workplace Interaction.” The comparative analyses of the particular interaction nicely showcase some of the similarities and the differences between the analytic approaches applied. I feel, however, that the critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the interaction, done by Marra and Holmes, has some limitations. These limitations lend credence to two of the most common criticisms leveled against CDA: (1) the approach too easily allows for a researcher to uncover the findings that he or she expects or wants to find, and (2) the approach lacks methodological rigor. I would like to argue here that Marra and Holmes’s analysis (1) highlights a potential weakness of CDA in terms of the first criticism, and (2) is not evidence of the weakness of CDA methodological rigor but rather a poor application of CDA methodology.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2003)
MPEC 2023-X259 : 2023 XW11
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XW11

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The sexy and formidable male body: men's height and weight are condition-dependent, sexually selected traits
Creators: name: Giofrè, David
name: Geary, David C.
name: Halsey, Lewis G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: On average men are taller and more muscular than women, which confers on them advantages related to female choice and during physical competition with other men. Sexual size dimorphisms such as these come with vulnerabilities due to higher maintenance and developmental costs for the sex with the larger trait. These costs are in keeping with evolutionary theory that posits large, elaborate, sexually selected traits are signals of health and vitality because stressor exposure (e.g.\ early disease) will compromise them (e.g.\ shorter stature) more than other traits. We provide a large-scale test of this hypothesis for the human male and show that with cross-national and cross-generational improvements in living conditions, where environmental stressors recede, men's gains in height and weight are more than double those of women's, increasing sexual size dimorphism. Our study combines evolutionary biology with measures of human wellbeing, providing novel insights into how socio-ecological factors and sexual selection shape key physical traits.
The Mass of HD 38529 c from Hubble Space Telescope Astrometry and High-Precision Radial Velocities
Creators: name: Benedict, G. Fritz
name: McArthur, Barbara E.
name: Bean, Jacob L.
name: Barnes, Rory
name: Harrison, Thomas E.
name: Hatzes, Artie
name: Martioli, Eder
name: Nelan, Edmund P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Fine Guidance Sensor astrometric observations of the G4 IV star HD 38529 are combined with the results of the analysis of extensive ground-based radial velocity data to determine the mass of the outermost of two previously known companions. Our new radial velocities obtained with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope and velocities from the Carnegie-California group now span over eleven years. With these data we obtain improved RV orbital elements for both the inner companion, HD 38529 b and the outer companion, HD 38529 c. We identify a rotational period of HD 38529 (P_{rot}=31.65 +/- 0.17 d) with FGS photometry. We model the combined astrometric and RV measurements to obtain the parallax, proper motion, perturbation period, perturbation inclination, and perturbation size due to HD 38529 c. For HD 38529 c we find P = 2136.1 +/- 0.3 d, perturbation semi-major axis α=1.05 +/-0.06$ mas, and inclination $i$ = 48.3 deg +/- 4 deg. Assuming a primary mass M_* = 1.48 M_{sun}, we obtain a companion mass M_c = 17.6 ^{+1.5}_{-1.2} M_{Jup}, 3-sigma above a 13 M_{Jup} deuterium burning, brown dwarf lower limit. Dynamical simulations incorporating this accurate mass for HD 38529 c indicate that a near-Saturn mass planet could exist between the two known companions. We find weak evidence of an additional low amplitude signal that can be modeled as a planetary-mass (~0.17 M$_{Jup}) companion at P~194 days. Additional observations (radial velocities and/or Gaia astrometry) are required to validate an interpretation of HD 38529 d as a planetary-mass companion. If confirmed, the resulting HD 38529 planetary system may be an example of a "Packed Planetary System".
description: Accepted by The Astronomical Journal
Commentaries on “Multiple Discourse Analyses of a Workplace Interaction”
Creators: name: Leung, Santoi
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2003

description: The web journal occasionally publishes brief commentaries on issues that are of interest to the TESOL/AL community. In this issue, we asked contributors to respond to the article, Multiple Discourse Analyses of a Workplace Interaction by Stubbe, Lane, Hilder, Vine, Vine, Marra, Holmes, and Weatherall (2003). The article presents an exercise rarely seen in scholarly discourse analysis journals. The authors analyze the same piece of data from a number of different approaches: conversation analysis, interactional sociolinguistics, politeness theory, critical discourse analysis, and discursive psychology. The data is a nine-minute audio recording of a naturally occurring workplace interaction between a male manager and a female subordinate. Although there are broad similarities between the analyses, the authors suggest that there are significant differences in the aspects of interaction focused upon, leading to the diplomatic conclusion that the different approaches “are not necessarily in conflict with one another – rather, they are complementary in many ways, with each approach capable of generating its own useful insights” (p. 380).
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2003)
Robustness of multiple testing procedures against dependence
Creators: name: Clarke, Sandy
name: Hall, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G10 (Primary) 62G35 (Secondary)

description: An important aspect of multiple hypothesis testing is controlling the significance level, or the level of Type I error. When the test statistics are not independent it can be particularly challenging to deal with this problem, without resorting to very conservative procedures. In this paper we show that, in the context of contemporary multiple testing problems, where the number of tests is often very large, the difficulties caused by dependence are less serious than in classical cases. This is particularly true when the null distributions of test statistics are relatively light-tailed, for example, when they can be based on Normal or Student's $t$ approximations. There, if the test statistics can fairly be viewed as being generated by a linear process, an analysis founded on the incorrect assumption of independence is asymptotically correct as the number of hypotheses diverges. In particular, the point process representing the null distribution of the indices at which statistically significant test results occur is approximately Poisson, just as in the case of independence. The Poisson process also has the same mean as in the independence case, and of course exhibits no clustering of false discoveries. However, this result can fail if the null distributions are particularly heavy-tailed. There clusters of statistically significant results can occur, even when the null hypothesis is correct. We give an intuitive explanation for these disparate properties in light- and heavy-tailed cases, and provide rigorous theory underpinning the intuition.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS557 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Issues in Code-Switching: Competing Theories and Models
Creators: name: Boztepe, Erman
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2003

description: This paper provides a critical overview of the theoretical, analytical, and practical questions most prevalent in the study of the structural and the sociolinguistic dimensions of code-switching (CS). In doing so, it reviews a range of empirical studies from around the world. The paper first looks at the linguistic research on the structural features of CS focusing in particular on the code-switching versus borrowing distinction, and the syntactic constraints governing its operation. It then critically reviews sociological, anthropological, and linguistic perspectives dominating the sociolinguistic research on CS over the past three decades. Major empirical studies on the discourse functions of CS are discussed, noting the similarities and differences between socially motivated CS and style-shifting. Finally, directions for future research on CS are discussed, giving particular emphasis to the methodological issue of its applicability to the analysis of bilingual classroom interaction.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2003)
Additional file 3 of Cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular diseases: a randomized controlled trial (CBR-CARDIO, DRKS00029295)
Creators: name: Bethge, Matthias
name: Thome-Soós, Friederike
name: Rašo, Luka Marko
name: Weier, Lisa
name: Benninghoven, Dieter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Patient information.
Second Language Transfer During Third Language Acquisition
Creators: name: Murphy, Shirin
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2003

description: A recent focus in the study of cross-linguistic influence is the role of transfer during third language acquisition. How do the learner’s first and second languages influence the acquisition of a third language? Current research suggests that the multilingual dynamic differs from L1 effects during second language acquisition. This literature review will examine L2 transfer during third language acquisition within the general context of cross-linguistic influence. An overview of the study of language transfer will be presented, followed by a discussion of the variables that operate and interact when two or more languages come into contact. The variables are categorized as learner-based or language-based, and each is discussed in the contexts of L2 and L3 acquisition. A particular area of focus will be hybrid lexical forms and the unintentional intrusion of L2 items during L3 production.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2003)
A kernel-based approach to differentially private image generation
Creators: name: Jalali Asadabadi, Milad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The gold standard privacy notion, differential privacy (DP), has gained widespread adoption in academic research, industry products, and government databases due to its mathematically provable privacy guarantee. However, the composability property of DP leads to privacy degradation with multiple accesses to the same data. Differentially private data generation has emerged as a solution, creating synthetic datasets resembling private data while allowing repeated access without additional privacy loss. Existing methods often assume specific use cases for synthetic data, limiting flexibility. This thesis addresses the challenge of producing flexible synthetic data by leveraging deep generative modeling and addressing privacy loss in other methods such as generative adversarial networks (GAN). we propose utilizing public data to learn perceptual features (PFs) for comparing real and synthetic data distributions, employing a non-adversarial generator training scheme based on Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) to mitigate privacy loss. Experimental results reveal the efficacy of our method. it successfully generates samples for CIFAR-10, CelebA, MNIST, and FashionMNIST. Theoretical analysis of our privacy-preserving loss function clarifies the privacy-accuracy trade-offs.
Can Corrective Feedback Bring About Substantial Changes in the Learner Interlanguage System?
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Satoko
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2003

description: This paper explores the role of corrective feedback in communicative language classrooms. Seven empirical studies investigating the effectiveness of corrective feedback are examined to determine if corrective feedback can lead to substantial changes in learners’ interlanguage systems over the long term and to find out what factors are necessary for effective feedback. The review of literature reveals that corrective feedback can have an impact on learners’ interlanguage systems if teachers follow the necessary procedures: assessment of learners’ needs, analysis of the nature of errors, and employment of methods that pinpoint errors to make learners notice a mismatch between their output and the target form. However, corrective feedback over a short period is not sufficient and the availability of numerous opportunities to receive corrective feedback and follow-up exposure seems to be a crucial factor in deciding the efficacy of feedback.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2003)
Additional file 4 of Cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular diseases: a randomized controlled trial (CBR-CARDIO, DRKS00029295)
Creators: name: Bethge, Matthias
name: Thome-Soós, Friederike
name: Rašo, Luka Marko
name: Weier, Lisa
name: Benninghoven, Dieter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4: Consent to study participation.
The Bilingual Brain
Creators: name: Ekiert, Monika
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2003

description: Increased understanding of the ways in which multiple languages are represented in bilingual speakers’ brains would undoubtedly advance several theoretical issues in areas such as language acquisition and performance theory. The progress of science forces linguists to draw upon relevant data from neurolinguistics and opens a new avenue for SLA researchers. This literature review will examine neurolinguistic models that have been proposed as an explanation for the coexistence of multiple languages in a single brain and the mechanisms of linguistic segregation. An overview of the study of language localization will be presented, followed by a discussion of neurolinguistic studies investigating the cerebral representation of language in bilinguals. A particular area of focus will be factors affecting language representation in the bilingual brain.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2003)
title: Numerical Approximations to the Cumulative Chi-Square Distribution, the Cumulative t-Distribution and the Cumulative F-Distribution for Digital Computers
Creators: name: Wang, Grace Yuan-Chuen
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: There are good tables of the frequently used cumulative frequency distributions. These tables have some limitations with respect to the number of percentage points that are available. The main drawback in computer usage of these tables is that large amounts of storage and elaborate search and interpolation techniques are necessary for their use.
It is the purpose of this study to present associated numerical methods for digital computer which are satisfactorily accurate and which are reasonably economical in both time and machine memory capacity. To carry out this objective the following procedures were used:
1. A review of literature on numerical approximations-both texts and articles from statistical journals and computer science publications.
2. .Writing test programs in Fortran for all the associated methods which can be obtained.
3. Checking the answers obtained by numerical approximation with the known answers in the table in order to determine usefulness of the numerical method.
4. Writing Fortran subprograms to evaluate those integrals by using the most accurate methods according to the experimental results.
title: Using Real-World Data as a Basis for Problem-Based Learning: Investigating Preservation Biases of Fish in Fossil Butte National Monument
Creators: name: Larsen, Blair
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2009

description: This project examined the design and development of an online problem-based learning module to teach earth-system science to K-12 educators. The module revolved around identifying earth sphere (lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere) interactions needed to produce mass fish mortality layers found in the Green River Formation at Fossil Butte National Monument. Students investigated the unique earth sphere combinations needed to produce mass fish mortality layers, reflected on the formation of such deposits, and examined the impact of these earth spheres on the earth system. As a supplement to the course, the students also analyzed data on fossils collected from a small research quarry on-site for potential fossil preservation bias, finding no clear bias in the sample data set. To gauge the effect of online problem-based learning on content knowledge, pre- and post-module assessments were given. The results of the assessments are ambiguous in terms of content development, due to the small sample size. Much was learned about developing, marketing and teaching online and problem-based learning courses. Specific suggestions to improve the delivery and value of such courses include improving course scheduling by only offering the course in summer, training instructors and students on teamwork skills, and making the classroom value of the course more apparent to the students.
Assessing Listening
Creators: name: Wagner, Elvis
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2003

description: Over the past two decades, there has been a great deal of attention devoted to the teaching, learning, and testing of second language (L2) listening ability. This increased attention is due (at least in part) to the realization of the importance of listening in language learning (Rubin, 1994). For first language learners, virtually all linguistic input is through the aural mode. While the linguistic input for second language learners is usually not entirely aural, the importance of listening in learning a second language cannot be understated. While there has been an increased research focus on L2 listening, there is still much work that needs to be done. As the editors of the Cambridge Language Assessment Series (Charles Alderson and Lyle Bachman) state in the preface, “The assessment of listening abilities is one of the least understood, least developed and yet one of the most important areas of language testing and assessment” (p. x). Gary Buck has been on the vanguard of this wave of listening research, and this book is an important contribution to our knowledge base.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 3 No. 1 (2003)
Electric fields in solar magnetic structures due to gradient driven instabilities: heating and acceleration of particles
Creators: name: Vranjes, J.
name: Poedts, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrostatic instabilities driven by the gradients of the density, temperature and magnetic field, are discussed in their application to solar magnetic structures. Strongly growing modes are found for some typical plasma parameters. These instabilities i) imply the presence of electric fields that can accelerate the plasma particles in both perpendicular and parallel directions with respect to the magnetic field vector, and ii) can stochastically heat ions. The perpendicular acceleration is to the leading order determined by the $\bmath{E}\times \bmath{B}$-drift acting equally on both ions and electrons, while the parallel acceleration is most effective on electrons. The experimentally confirmed stochastic heating is shown to act mainly in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field vector and acts stronger on heavier ions. The energy release rate and heating may exceed for several orders of magnitude the value accepted as necessary for a self-sustained heating in the solar corona. The energy source for both the acceleration and the heating is stored in the mentioned background gradients.
description: To appear in MNRAS
title: Fredholm Solution of Linear Integral Equations
Creators: name: Furness, Dewey F.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1965

description: An integral equation of the form
ζ(x) - λ∫ K(x, s) ζ(s) ds = f(x) a ≤ x ≤ b
is called a Fredholm equation. By the method of successive approximations a solution can be obtained if the parameter λ is sufficiently small. If the kernel, K (x, s), is degenerate then a solution can be obtained by reducing it to a system of linear algebraic equations. In the general case the kernel is represented as an infinite Fourier Series. With this representation the solution is obtained by combining the two methods mentioned. The solution is the solution of two integral equations, one of which is solvable by successive approximations and the other has a degenerate kernel. The conditions for solvability of the Fredholm equations will be proven.
Breaking Value Symmetry
Creators: name: Walsh, Toby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4

description: Symmetry is an important factor in solving many constraint satisfaction problems. One common type of symmetry is when we have symmetric values. In a recent series of papers, we have studied methods to break value symmetries. Our results identify computational limits on eliminating value symmetry. For instance, we prove that pruning all symmetric values is NP-hard in general. Nevertheless, experiments show that much value symmetry can be broken in practice. These results may be useful to researchers in planning, scheduling and other areas as value symmetry occurs in many different domains.
description: Proceedings of the Twenty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Water Scarcity in the Face of Hurricanes: Improving the Resilience of Potable Water Supplies in Selected Florida Counties
Creators: name: Bami, Fautemeh Sajadi
name: Alsharif, Kamal A.
name: Torres, Hannah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Hurricanes threaten drinking water supplies in Florida through problems such as contamination and shortages. The purpose of this research was to review management policies addressing potable water paucity caused by Hurricane Irma. A survey was used to understand these policies’ effects from the general public’s perspective. The perceived effectiveness of these policies was analyzed via cross-tabulations. The results of the study identified several issues with potable water management related to hurricanes: (1) economic constraints that prevent obtaining drinking water, (2) lack of concern or care in maintaining sanitary private wells, (3) inadequacy of policies encouraging locals to prepare for three days without regular water supplies, (4) greater water shortages experienced by younger respondents, and (5) residents who received emergency relief but did not require aid. The results also identified potential improvements in drinking water management in the face of hurricanes and can enhance potable water management to avoid loss of well-being in future hurricanes.