cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Autonomous weapon systems. TAB-Fokus
Creators: name: Grünwald, Reinhard
name: Kehl, Christoph
Publisher: name: Büro für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung beim Deutschen Bundestag (TAB)
Year: 2020
Subjects: AI
robotics
security policy
CCW
ethics
weapon systems
disarmament control

description: Robotic weapons systems that can select and engage targets without any human intervention are standing on the edge of being tangibly implemented. Proponents of this development expect decisive military and possibly even humanitarian benefits from such autonomous weapons systems. Critics, however, raise concerns over whether it would be ethically justifiable, politically responsible and legally allowed in compliance with (international) law to delegate the decision on the life and death of human beings to machines. Moreover, the development and possible use of AWS might entail some risks with regard to security policy. Within the framework of the TA project a broad analytical approach has been followed and a wide range of aspects regarding the topic have been examined. TAB's policy brief in English TAB-Fokus no. 26 summarizes the key results of the TA project and provides an overview of technological developments, security policy implications, ethical arguments and issues in humanitarian law.
Outline for a quantum theory of gravity
Creators: name: Singh, Tejinder P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By invoking an asymmetric metric tensor, and borrowing ideas from non-commutative geometry, string theory, and trace dynamics, we propose an action function for quantum gravity. The action is proportional to the four dimensional non-commutative curvature scalar (which is torsion dependent) that is sourced by the Nambu-Goto world-sheet action for a string, plus the Kalb-Ramond string action. This `quantum gravity' is actually a non-commutative {\it classical} matrix dynamics, and the only two fundamental constants in the theory are the square of Planck length and the speed of light. By treating the entity described by this action as a microstate, one constructs the statistical thermodynamics of a large number of such microstates, in the spirit of trace dynamics. Quantum field theory (and $\hbar$) and quantum general relativity (and $G$) emerge from the underlying matrix dynamics in the thermodynamic limit. The statistical fluctuations that are inevitably present about equilibrium, are the source for spontaneous localisation, which drives macroscopic quantum gravitational systems to the classical general relativistic limit. While the mathematical formalism governing these ideas remains to be developed, we hope here to highlight the deep connection between quantum foundations, and the sought for quantum theory of gravity. In the sense described in this article, ongoing experimental tests of spontaneous collapse theories are in fact also tests of string theory!
description: v1: 7 pages, one figure; v2: 7 pages, one figure, minor modifications, accepted for publication in Zeitschrift f\"ur Naturforschung
Non-linearity effects on the light-output calibration of light charged particles in CsI(Tl) scintillator crystals
Creators: name: Dell'Aquila, D.
name: Sweany, S.
name: Brown, K. W.
name: Chajecki, Z.
name: Lynch, W. G.
name: Teh, F. C. E.
name: Tsang, C. -Y.
name: Tsang, M. B.
name: Zhu, K.
name: Anderson, C.
name: Anthony, A.
name: Barlini, S.
name: Barney, J.
name: Camaiani, A.
name: Jhang, G.
name: Crosby, J.
name: Estee, J.
name: Ghazali, M.
name: Guan, F.
name: Khanal, O.
name: Kodali, S.
name: Lombardo, I.
name: Manfredi, J.
name: Morelli, L.
name: Morfouace, P.
name: Niu, C.
name: Verde, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light output produced by light ions (Z<=4) in CsI(Tl) crystals is studied over a wide range of detected energies (E<=300 MeV). Energy-light calibration data sets are obtained with the 10 cm crystals in the recently upgraded High-Resolution Array (HiRA10). We use proton recoil data from 40,48Ca + CH2 at 28 MeV/u, 56.6 MeV/u, 39 MeV/u and 139.8 MeV/u and data from a dedicated experiment with direct low-energy beams. We also use the punch through points of p, d, and t particles from 40,48Ca + 58,64Ni, 112,124Sn collisions reactions at 139.8 MeV/u. Non-linearities, arising in particular from Tl doping and light collection efficiency in the CsI crystals, are found to significantly affect the light output and therefore the calibration of the detector response for light charged particles, especially the hydrogen isotopes. A new empirical parametrization of the hydrogen light output, L(E,Z=1,A), is proposed to account for the observed effects. Results are found to be consistent for all 48 CsI(Tl) crystals in a cluster of 12 HiRA10 telescopes.
Non equilibrium effects in fragmentation
Creators: name: Chernomoretz, A.
name: Ison, M.
name: Ortiz, S.
name: Dorso, C. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study, using molecular dynamics techniques, how boundary conditions affect the process of fragmentation of finite, highly excited, Lennard-Jones systems. We analyze the behavior of the caloric curves (CC), the associated thermal response functions (TRF) and cluster mass distributions for constrained and unconstrained hot drops. It is shown that the resulting CC's for the constrained case differ from the one in the unconstrained case, mainly in the presence of a ``vapor branch''. This branch is absent in the free expanding case even at high energies . This effect is traced to the role played by the collective expansion motion. On the other hand, we found that the recently proposed characteristic features of a first order phase transition taking place in a finite isolated system, i.e. abnormally large kinetic energy fluctuations and a negative branch in the TRF, are present for the constrained (dilute) as well the unconstrained case. The microscopic origin of this behavior is also analyzed.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures
Thermal effects on nonlinear acceleration waves in the Biot theory of porous media
Creators: name: Straughan, Brian
name: Tibullo, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize a theory of Biot for a porous solid based on nonlinear elasticity theory to incorporate temperature effects. Acceleration waves are studied in detail in the fully nonlinear theory. The wavespeeds are found explicitly and the amplitudes are then determined. The possibility of shock formation is discussed.
Density-matrix spectra for integrable models
Creators: name: Peschel, I.
name: Kaulke, M.
name: Legeza, Ö.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectra which occur in numerical density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations for quantum chains can be obtained analytically for integrable models via corner transfer matrices. This is shown in detail for the transverse Ising chain and the uniaxial XXZ Heisenberg model and explains in particular their exponential character in these cases.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Ann. Physik
Thorium in solar twins: implications for habitability in rocky planets
Creators: name: Botelho, Rafael B.
name: Milone, Andre de C.
name: Melendez, Jorge
name: Bedell, Megan
name: Spina, Lorenzo
name: Asplund, Martin
name: Santos, Leonardo dos
name: Bean, Jacob L.
name: Ramirez, Ivan
name: Yong, David
name: Dreizler, Stefan
name: Alves-Brito, Alan
name: Galarza, Jonh Yana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the thorium (Th) abundance in a sample of 53 thin disc solar twins covering a wide range of ages. These data provide constrains on the mantle energy budget of terrestrial planets that can be formed over the evolution of the Galaxy's thin disc. We have estimated Th abundances with an average precision of 0.025\,dex (in both [Th/H] and [Th/Fe]) through comprehensive spectral synthesis of a Th\,II line present at 4019.1290\,Å, using very high resolution (R\,=\,115,000) high quality HARPS spectra obtained at the ESO La Silla Observatory. We have confirmed that there is a large energy budget from Th decay for maintaining mantle convection inside potential rocky planets around solar twins, from the Galactic thin disc formation until now, because the pristine [Th/H]$_{\rm ZAMS}$ is super-solar on average under a uniform dispersion of 0.056\,dex (varying from +0.037 up to +0.138\,dex based on linear fits against isochrone stellar age). Comparing to neodymium (Nd) and europium (Eu), two others neutron-capture elements, the stellar pristine abundance of Th follows Eu along the Galactic thin disc evolution, but it does not follow Nd, probably because neodymium has a significant contribution from the $s$-process (about 60\,per\,cent).
description: 13 pages & 6 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
(m,n)-String and D1-Brane in Stringy Newton-Cartan Background
Creators: name: Kluson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to the analysis of (m,n)-string in stringy Newton-Cartan background. We start with the Hamiltonian constraint for (m,n)-string in general background and perform limiting procedure on metric and NSNS and Ramond-Ramond two form background that leads to stringy Newton-Cartan gravity. We also analyze conditions that these background fields have to obey in order to define consistent world-sheet (m,n)-theory. We also discuss D1-brane with dynamical electric field in stringy Newton-Cartan gravity.
description: 19 pages
Growth diversity in one dimensional fluctuating interfaces
Creators: name: Grynberg, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A set of one dimensional interfaces involving attachment and detachment of $k$-particle neighbors is studied numerically using both large scale simulations and finite size scaling analysis. A labeling algorithm introduced by Barma and Dhar in related spin Hamiltonians enables to characterize the asymptotic behavior of the interface width according to the initial state of the substrate. For equal deposition--evaporation probability rates it is found that in most cases the initial conditions induce regimes of saturated width. In turn, scaling exponents obtained for initially flat interfaces indicate power law growths which depend on $k$. In contrast, for unequal probability rates the interface width exhibits a logarithmic growth for all $k > 1$ regardless of the initial state of the substrate.
description: Thoroughly extended and corrected version. Typeset in Latex, 20 pages, 7 postscript figures
In situ analysis of catalyst composition during gold catalyzed GaAs nanowire growth
Creators: name: Maliakkal, Carina B.
name: Jacobsson, Daniel
name: Tornberg, Marcus
name: Persson, Axel R.
name: Johansson, Jonas
name: Wallenberg, Reine
name: Dick, Kimberly A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semiconductor nanowires offer the opportunity to incorporate novel structures and functionality into electronic and optoelectronic devices. A clear understanding of the nanowire growth mechanism is essential for well-controlled growth of structures with desired properties, but the understanding is currently limited by a lack of empirical measurements of important parameters during growth, such as catalyst particle composition. However, this is difficult to accurately determine by investigating post-growth. We report direct measurement of the catalyst composition of individual gold seeded GaAs nanowires inside an electron microscope as they grow. The Ga content in the catalyst during growth increased with both temperature and Ga precursor flux. A direct comparison of the calculated phase diagrams of the Au-Ga-As ternary system to the measured catalyst composition not only lets us estimate the As content in the catalyst but also indicates the relevance of phase diagrams to understanding nanowire growth.
Encoding Microreactors with Droplet Chains in Microfluidics
Creators: name: Song, Wenya
name: Lin, Gungun
name: Ge, Jin
name: Fassbender, Jurgen
name: Makarov, Denys
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Droplet-based high throughput biomolecular screening and combinatorial synthesis entail a viable indexing strategy to be developed for the identification of each micro-reactor. Here, we propose a novel indexing scheme based on the generation of droplet sequences on demand to form unique encoding droplet chains in fluidic networks. These codes are represented by multiunit and multilevel droplets packages, with each code unit possessing several distinct signal levels, potentially allowing large encoding capacity. For proof of concept, we use magnetic nanoparticles as the encoding material and a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor-based active sorting system supplemented with an optical detector to generate and decode the sequence of one exemplar sample droplet reactor and a 4-unit quaternary magnetic code. The indexing capacity offered by 4-unit multilevel codes with this indexing strategy is estimated to exceed 104, which holds great promise for large-scale droplet-based screening and synthesis.
Plan for management of data in the NoE and in the consortium - intial version
Creators: name: German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This deliverable presents the data management plan of the project dAIEDGE. The type of data processed in the project is described, along with the measures to ensure that the data is FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable). The open sciences practice and the procedures for data security and GDPR compliance are detailed. Our concept for the storage and sharing of dAIEDGE code in dedicated repositories is presented.
Topological susceptibility at zero and finite temperature in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
Creators: name: Ohnishi, K.
name: Fukushima, K.
name: Ohta, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the three flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the 't Hooft interaction incorporating the U(1)_A anomaly. In order to set the coupling strength of the 't Hooft term, we employ the topological susceptibility $χ$ instead of the eta' meson mass. The value for $χ$ is taken from lattice simulations. We also calculate $χ$ at finite temperature within the model. Comparing it with the lattice data, we extract information about the behavior of the U(1)_A anomaly at finite temperature. We conclude that within the present framework, the effective restoration of the U(1)_A symmetry does not necessarily take place even at high temperature where the chiral symmetry is restored.
description: 9 pages, 14 figures, to be published in Phys.Rev.C
Predicting multiple planet stability and habitable zone companions in the TESS era
Creators: name: Agnew, Matthew T.
name: Maddison, Sarah T.
name: Horner, Jonathan
name: Kane, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an approach that is able to both rapidly assess the dynamical stability of multiple planet systems, and determine whether an exoplanet system would be capable of hosting a dynamically stable Earth-mass companion in its habitable zone. We conduct a suite of numerical simulations using a swarm of massless test particles in the vicinity of the orbit of a massive planet, in order to develop a predictive tool which can be used to achieve these desired outcomes. In this work, we outline both the numerical methods we used to develop the tool, and demonstrate its use. We find that the test particles survive in systems either because they are unperturbed due to being so far removed from the massive planet, or due to being trapped in stable mean motion resonant orbits with the massive planet. The resulting unexcited test particle swarm produces a unique signature in (a,e) space that represents the stable regions within the system. We are able to scale and translate this stability signature, and combine several together in order to conservatively assess the dynamical stability of newly discovered multiple planet systems. We also assess the stability of a system's habitable zone and determine whether an Earth-mass companion could remain on a stable orbit, without the need for exhaustive numerical simulations.
description: 24 pages, 16 figures
Regulating microRNA expression - at the heart of diabetes mellitus and the mitochondrion.pdf
Creators: name: Hathaway, Quincy A.
name: Pinti, Mark
name: Andrya J. Durr
name: Shanawar Waris
name: Shepherd, Danielle L.
name: Hollander, John M.
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The purpose of this review is to outline how mitochondrial processes are regulated by miRNAs in the diabetic heart. Furthermore, we will highlight the regulatory mechanisms, such as epigenetics, exosomal transport, miRNA processing, and posttranslational sequestration, that participate as regulators of miRNA expression. Additionally, current and future treatment strategies targeting dysfunctional mitochondrial processes in the diseased myocardium, as well as emerging miRNA-basedtherapies, will be summarized.
miRNA-378a as a key regulator of cardiovascular health following engineered nanomaterial inhalation exposure.pdf
Creators: name: Hathaway, Quincy A.
name: Andrya J. Durr
name: Shepherd, Danielle L.
name: Pinti, Mark
name: Brandebura, Ashley
name: Nichols, Cody E.
name: Kunovac, Amina
name: Goldsmith, William T.
name: Friend, Sherri
name: Alaeddin Abukabda
name: Fink, Garrett
name: Nurkiewicz, Timothy R.
name: Hollander, John M.
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 100713 Nanotoxicology, Health and Safety
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: The purpose of this study was to elucidate molecular mediators that connect nano-TiO2 exposure with impaired cardiac function. Specifically, we were interested in the role of microRNA (miRNA) expression in the resulting dysfunction.
Additional file 1 of ROB-MEN: a tool to assess risk of bias due to missing evidence in network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Chiocchia, Virginia
name: Nikolakopoulou, Adriani
name: Higgins, Julian P. T.
name: Page, Matthew J.
name: Papakonstantinou, Theodoros
name: Cipriani, Andrea
name: Furukawa, Toshi A.
name: Siontis, George C. M.
name: Egger, Matthias
name: Salanti, Georgia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Network graph, methods and forest plot for the network meta-analysis of non-invasive diagnostic modalities for the detection of coronary artery disease in patients with low risk acute coronary syndromes.
Paraphaenocladius impensus
Creators: name: Bächli, Gerhard
name: Merz, Bernhard
name: Haenni, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Paraphaenocladius
Paraphaenocladius impensus

description: Paraphaenocladius impensus (Walker, 1856). (Lods-Crozet 2012).
description: Published as part of Bächli, Gerhard, Merz, Bernhard & Haenni, Jean-Paul, 2014, Dritter Nachtrag zur Checkliste der Diptera der Schweiz, pp. 119-140 in Entomo Helvetica 7 on page 122, DOI: 10.5169/seals-985967, http://zenodo.org/record/8096745
Possible Localized Modes in the Uniform Quantum Heisenberg Chains of Sr2CuO3
Creators: name: Boucher, J. P.
name: Takigawa, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of mobile-bond defects is tentatively proposed to analyze the "anomalies" observed on the NMR spectrum of the quantum Heisenberg chains of Sr2CuO3. A bond-defect is a local change in the exchange coupling. It results in a local alternating magnetization (LAM), which when the defect moves, creates a flipping process of the local field seen by each nuclear spin. At low temperature, when the overlap of the LAM becomes large, the defects form a periodic structure, which extends over almost all the chains. In that regime, the density of bond-defects decreases linearly with T.
description: 4 pages + 3 figures. To appear in Physical Review B
Levy Flights in External Force Fields: Langevin and Fractional Fokker-Planck Equations, and their Solutions
Creators: name: Jespersen, Sune
name: Metzler, Ralf
name: Fogedby, Hans C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Levy flights subject to external force fields. This anomalous transport process is described by two approaches, a Langevin equation with Levy noise and the corresponding generalized Fokker-Planck equation containing a fractional derivative in space. The cases of free flights, constant force and linear Hookean force are analyzed in detail, and we corroborate our findings with results from numerical simulations. We discuss the non-Gibbsian character of the stationary solution for the case of the Hookean force, i.e. the deviation from Boltzmann equilibrium for long times. The possible connection to Tsallis's q-statistics is studied.
description: 13 pages, Revtex file, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. E
Collectivity of the low-lying dipole strength in relativistic random phase approximation
Creators: name: Vretenar, D.
name: Paar, N.
name: Ring, P.
name: Lalazissis, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relativistic random phase approximation is applied in the analysis of the evolution of the isovector dipole response in nuclei with a large neutron excess. The self-consistent framework of relativistic mean-field theory, which has been very successfully applied in the description of ground-state properties of nuclei far from the valley of $β$-stability, is extended to study the possible onset of low-energy collective isovector dipole modes in nuclei with extreme isospin values.
description: 29 pages LaTeX, 14 eps figs, to appear in Nucl. Phys. A
SI 623 Research Proposal: 'The Quality of Print and Digital Text Marking Among Undergraduates'
Creators: name: Sciolla, Samuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 200104 Media Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: 200102 Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies
subject: 120304 Digital and Interaction Design
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: Education

description: For a final assignment for SI 623 in December 2017, I prepared a research proposal describing a hypothetical study that would investigate the differences in text-marking behaviors between undergraduate students reading in print and those reading digitally. The proposal includes a literature review, proposed methodology, design limitations, and a sample post-test questionnaire.
Electronic structure and magnetism of equiatomic FeN
Creators: name: Kong, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to investigate the phase stability of equiatomic FeN compounds and the structure-dependent magnetic properties, the electronic structure and total energy of FeN with NaCl, ZnS and CsCl structures and various magnetic configurations are calculated using the first-principles TB-LMTO-ASA method. Among all the FeN phases considered, the antiferromagnetic NaCl structure with q=(00pi) is found to have the lowest energy at the theoretical equilibrium volume. However, the FM NaCl phase lies only 1mRyd higher. The estimated equilibrium lattice constant for nonmagnetic ZnS-type FeN agrees quite well with the experimental value, but for the AFM NaCl phase the estimated value is 6.7% smaller than that observed experimentally. For ZnS-type FeN, metastable magnetic states are found for volumes larger than the equilibrium value. On the basis of an analysis of the atom- and orbital-projected density of states and orbital-projected Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population, the iron-nitrogen interactions in NM ZnS, AFM NaCl and FM CsCl structures are discussed. The leading Fe-N interactions is due to the d-p iron-nitrogen hybridization, while considerable s-p and p-p hybridizations are also observed in all three phases. The iron magnetic moment in FeN is found to be highly sensitive to the nearest-neighboring Fe-N distance. In particular, the magnetic moment shows an abrupt drop from a value of about 2 muB to zero with the reduction of the Fe-N distance for the ZnS and CsCl structures.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
In-Medium Effective Pion Mass from Heavy-Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Park, Tae-Sun
name: Jung, Hong
name: Min, Dong-Pil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory, we have calculated all the diagrams up to two-loop order which contribute to the S-wave pion self-energy in symmetric nuclear matter. Some subtleties related to the definition of pion fields are discussed. The in-medium pion mass is turned out to be increased by only (5 - 6) per cents in normal nuclear matter density, without any off-shell ambiguity.
description: 9 pages with 3 eps figures
"ReadMe" – or – "How to document your data?"
Creators: name: Dockhorn, Ron
name: Krause, Marlies
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Howto for a simple ReadMe in flavor of the Love Data Week 2024 in collaboration with IPF Dresden, SLUB Open Science Lab and Service Center Research Data of TU Dresden. See the file "ReadMe.md" for an example.
Manganese acquisition is essential for virulence of Enterococcus faecalis
Creators: name: Colomer-Winter, Cristina
name: Flores-Mireles, Ana Lidia
name: Baker, Shannon P.
name: Frank, Kristi L.
name: Lynch, Aaron J. L.
name: Hultgren, Scott
name: Kitten, Todd
name: Lemos, José A.
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 60501 Bacteriology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60303 Biological Adaptation
subject: 60104 Cell Metabolism
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60503 Microbial Genetics
subject: Microbiology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology

description: Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient that is not readily available to pathogens during infection due to an active host defense mechanism known as nutritional immunity. To overcome this nutrient restriction, bacteria utilize high-affinity transporters that allow them to compete with host metal-binding proteins. Despite the established role of Mn in bacterial pathogenesis, little is known about the relevance of Mn in the pathophysiology of E. faecalis. Here, we identified and characterized the major Mn acquisition systems of E. faecalis. We discovered that the ABC-type permease EfaCBA and two Nramp-type transporters, named MntH1 and MntH2, work collectively to promote cell growth under Mn-restricted conditions. The simultaneous inactivation of EfaCBA, MntH1 and MntH2 (ΔefaΔmntH1ΔmntH2 strain) led to drastic reductions (>95%) in cellular Mn content, severe growth defects in body fluids (serum and urine) ex vivo, significant loss of virulence in Galleria mellonella, and virtually complete loss of virulence in rabbit endocarditis and murine catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) models. Despite the functional redundancy of EfaCBA, MntH1 and MntH2 under in vitro or ex vivo conditions and in the invertebrate model, dual inactivation of efaCBA and mntH2(ΔefaΔmntH2 strain) was sufficient to prompt maximal sensitivity to calprotectin, a Mn- and Zn-chelating host antimicrobial protein, and for the loss of virulence in mammalian models. Interestingly, EfaCBA appears to play a prominent role during systemic infection, whereas MntH2 was more important during CAUTI. The different roles of EfaCBA and MntH2 in these sites could be attributed, at least in part, to the differential expression of efaA and mntH2 in cells isolated from hearts or from bladders. Collectively, this study demonstrates that Mn acquisition is essential for the pathogenesis of E. faecalis and validates Mn uptake systems as promising targets for the development of new antimicrobials.
Culicoides reconditus Campbell & Pelham-Clinton 1960
Creators: name: Bächli, Gerhard
name: Merz, Bernhard
name: Haenni, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae
Culicoides
Culicoides reconditus

description: Culicoides reconditus Campbell & Pelham-Clinton, 1960. (Wenk et al. 2012).
description: Published as part of Bächli, Gerhard, Merz, Bernhard & Haenni, Jean-Paul, 2014, Dritter Nachtrag zur Checkliste der Diptera der Schweiz, pp. 119-140 in Entomo Helvetica 7 on page 122, DOI: 10.5169/seals-985967, http://zenodo.org/record/8096745
Additional file 5 of Transmission of cytomegalovirus via breast milk in low birth weight and premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Hu, Xiaolin
name: Hu, Wei
name: Sun, Xuan
name: Chen, Ling
name: Luo, Xiaoping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5 : Supplementary Table 2. Characteristics of study population.
Does radiative feedback make faint z>6 galaxies look small?
Creators: name: Ploeckinger, Sylvia
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Hacar, Alvaro
name: Maseda, Michael V.
name: Hodge, Jacqueline A.
name: Bouwens, Rychard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations of lensed sources have shown that the faintest ($M_{\mathrm{UV}} \approx -15\,\mathrm{mag}$) galaxies observed at z=6-8 appear to be extremely compact. Some of them have inferred sizes of less than 40 pc for stellar masses between $10^6$ and $10^7\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$, comparable to individual super star clusters or star cluster complexes at low redshift. High-redshift, low-mass galaxies are expected to show a clumpy, irregular morphology and if star clusters form in each of these well-separated clumps, the observed galaxy size would be much larger than the size of an individual star forming region. As supernova explosions impact the galaxy with a minimum delay time that exceeds the time required to form a massive star cluster, other processes are required to explain the absence of additional massive star forming regions. In this work we investigate whether the radiation of a young massive star cluster can suppress the formation of other detectable clusters within the same galaxy already before supernova feedback can affect the galaxy. We find that in low-mass ($M_{200} \lesssim 10^{10}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$) haloes, the radiation from a compact star forming region with an initial mass of $10^{7}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ can keep gas clumps with Jeans masses larger than $\approx 10^{7}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ warm and ionized throughout the galaxy. In this picture, the small intrinsic sizes measured in the faintest $z=6-8$ galaxies are a natural consequence of the strong radiation field that stabilises massive gas clumps. A prediction of this mechanism is that the escape fraction for ionizing radiation is high for the extremely compact, high-z sources.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, formatting error in previous version did not display certain characters in equations, Fig. 8 replaced to be consistent with published version
Ground state properties of the 2D disordered Hubbard model
Creators: name: Caldara, Gaetan
name: Srinivasan, Bhargavi
name: Shepelyansky, Dima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ground state of the two-dimensional (2D) disordered Hubbard model by means of the projector quantum Monte Carlo (PQMC) method. This approach allows us to investigate the ground state properties of this model for lattice sizes up to $10 \times 10$, at quarter filling, for a broad range of interaction and disorder strengths. Our results show that the ground state of this system of spin-1/2 fermions remains localised in the presence of the short-ranged Hubbard interaction.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Lammoglia and Rutkowski, AJP Heart 2016.pdf
Creators: name: Lammoglia, Gabriela E.
name: Zandt, Carolynn E. Van
name: Galvan, Daniel X.
name: Orozco, Jose L.
name: Dellinger, Michael T.
name: Rutkowski, Joseph M.
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cardiology
subject: 60603 Animal Physiology - Systems
subject: 60807 Animal Structure and Function

description: Manuscript describing initial design and implementation of a TRE-VEGF-D mouse model
Contact forces in regular 3D granular pile
Creators: name: Oron, G.
name: Herrmann, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present exact results for the contact forces in a three dimensional static piling of identical, stiff and frictionless spheres. The pile studied is a pyramid of equilateral triangular base (``stack of cannonballs'') with a FCC (face centered cubic) structure. We show in particular that, as for the two dimensional case, the pressure on the base of such a pile is uniform.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
The Heisenberg spinor field classification and its interplay with the Lounesto's classification
Creators: name: Arcodía, Marcos R. A.
name: Bellini, Mauricio
name: da Rocha, Roldao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dirac linear spinor fields were obtained from non-linear Heisenberg spinors, in the literature. Here we extend that idea by considering not only Dirac spinor fields but spinor fields in any of the Lounesto's classes. When one starts considering all these classes of fields, the question of providing a classification for the Heisenberg spinor naturally arises. In this work the classification of Heisenberg spinor fields is derived and scrutinized, in its interplay with the Lounesto's spinor field classification.
description: 7 pages, published version
A theoretical investigation of the reaction between the amidogen, NH, and the ethyl, C2H5, radicals: a possible gas-phase formation route of interstellar and planetary ethanimine
Creators: name: Balucani, Nadia
name: Skouteris, Dimitrios
name: Ceccarelli, Cecilia
name: Codella, Claudio
name: Falcinelli, Stefano
name: Rosi, Marzio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reaction between the amidogen, NH, radical and the ethyl, C2H5, radical has been investigated by performing electronic structure calculations of the underlying doublet potential energy surface. Rate coefficients and product branching ratios have also been estimated by combining capture and RRKM calculations. According to our results, the reaction is very fast, close to the gas-kinetics limit. However, the main product channel, with a yield of ca. 86-88% in the range of temperatures investigated, is the one leading to methanimine and the methyl radical. The channels leading to the two E-, Z- stereoisomers of ethanimine account only for ca. 5-7% each. The resulting ratio [E-CH3CHNH]/[Z-CH3CHNH] is ca. 1.2, that is a value rather lower than that determined in the Green Bank Telescope PRIMOS radio astronomy survey spectra of Sagittarius B2 North (ca. 3). Considering that ice chemistry would produce essentially only the most stable isomer, a possible conclusion is that the observed [E-CH3CHNH]/[Z-CH3CHNH] ratio is compatible with a combination of gas-phase and grain chemistry. More observational and laboratory data are needed to definitely address this issue.
Pairing Properties In Relativistic Mean Field Models Obtained From Effective Field Theory
Creators: name: Del Estal, M.
name: Centelles, M.
name: Viñas, X.
name: Patra, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply recently developed effective field theory nuclear models in mean field approximation (parameter sets G1 and G2) to describe ground-state properties of nuclei from the valley of $β$-stability up to the drip lines. For faster calculations of open-shell nuclei we employ a modified BCS approach which takes into account quasi-bound levels owing to their centrifugal barrier, with a constant pairing strength. We test this simple prescription by comparing with available Hartree-plus-Bogoliubov results. Using the new effective parameter sets we then compute separation energies, density distributions and spin--orbit potentials in isotopic (isotonic) chains of nuclei with magic neutron (proton) numbers. The new forces describe the experimental systematics similarly to conventional non-linear $σ-ω$ relativistic force parameters like NL3.
description: 29 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in PRC
Additional file 2 of ROB-MEN: a tool to assess risk of bias due to missing evidence in network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Chiocchia, Virginia
name: Nikolakopoulou, Adriani
name: Higgins, Julian P. T.
name: Page, Matthew J.
name: Papakonstantinou, Theodoros
name: Cipriani, Andrea
name: Furukawa, Toshi A.
name: Siontis, George C. M.
name: Egger, Matthias
name: Salanti, Georgia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Instructions for filling in the Pairwise Comparisons Table.
Constraining the Tail-End of Reionization Using Lyman-$α$ Transmission Spikes
Creators: name: Garaldi, Enrico
name: Gnedin, Nickolay
name: Madau, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate Lyman-$α$ transmission spikes at $z > 5$ in synthetic quasar spectra, and discuss their connection to the properties of the intergalactic medium and their ability to constrain reionization models. We use state-of-the-art radiation-hydrodynamic simulations from the Cosmic Reionization On Computers series to predict the number of transmission spikes as a function of redshift, both in the ideal case of infinite spectral resolution and in a realistic observational setting. Transmission spikes are produced in highly-ionized underdense regions located in the vicinity of UV sources. We find that most of the predicted spikes are unresolved by current observations, and show that our mock spectra are consistent with observations of the quasar ULAS J1120+0641 in about 15% of the realizations. The spike height correlates with both the gas density and the ionized fraction, but the former link is erased when synthetic spectra are smoothed to realistically achievable spectral resolutions. There exists a linear relationship between spike width and the extent of the associated underdense region, with a slope that is redshift-dependent. In agreement with observations, the spike transmitted flux is suppressed at small distance from bright galaxies as these reside in overdense regions. We argue that this anti-correlation can be used to constrain large-scale density modes.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted by ApJ
Hyperhomocysteinemia Alters Retinal Endothelial Cells Barrier Function and Angiogenic Potential via Activation of Oxidative Stress
Creators: name: Riyaz Mohamed
name: Isha Sharma
name: Ibrahim, Ahmed S.
name: Saleh, Heba
name: Elsherbiny, Nehal
name: Sadanand Fulzele
name: Elmasry1, Khaled
name: Smith, Sylvia B.
name: Al-Shabrawey, Mohamed
name: Amany Tawfik
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cell Biology

description: Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with several human visual disorders, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) is linked to vision loss in DR and AMD. Our previous work revealed that HHcy altered BRB in retinal endothelial cells in vivo. Here we hypothesize that homocysteine (Hcy) alters retinal endothelial cell barrier function and angiogenic potential via activation of oxidative stress. Human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) treated with and without different concentrations of Hcy showed a reduction of tight junction protein expression, increased FITC dextran leakage, decreased transcellular electrical resistance and increased angiogenic potential. In addition, HRECs treated with Hcy showed increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The anti-oxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) reduced ROS formation and decreased FITC-dextran leakage in Hcy treated HRECs. A mouse model of HHcy, in which cystathionine-β-synthase is deficient (cbs−/−), was evaluated for oxidative stress by dichlolorofluorescein (DCF), dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. There was a marked increase in ROS production and augmented GSH reductase and antioxidant regulator NRF2 activity, but decreased antioxidant gene expression in retinas of hyperhomocysteinemic mice. Our results suggest activation of oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of HHcy induced retinal endothelial cell dysfunction.
On the formation of Wigner molecules in small quantum dots
Creators: name: Reimann, S. M.
name: Koskinen, M.
name: Manninen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently argued that in small quantum dots the electrons could crystallize at much higher densities than in the infinite two-dimensional electron gas. We compare predictions that the onset of spin polarization and the formation of Wigner molecules occurs at a density parameter $r_s\approx 4 a_B^*$ to the results of a straight-forward diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix.
Lichtverschmutzung - Ausmaß, Auswirkungen und Handlungsansätze. TAB-Fokus
Creators: name: Schröter-Schlaack, Christoph
name: Revermann, Christoph
name: Schulte-Römer, Nona
Publisher: name: Büro für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung beim Deutschen Bundestag (TAB)
Year: 2020

description: Die zunehmende Verbreitung künstlicher Außenbeleuchtung bringt neben den beabsichtigten Wirkungen auch eine Reihe unerwünschter Nebenfolgen mit sich, die als Lichtverschmutzung bezeichnet werden. Künstliche Beleuchtung kann die durch Tag- und Nachtwechsel gesteuerte zirkadiane Rhythmik bei Menschen und Tieren stören und steht im Verdacht, an der Entstehung verschiedener Krankheiten beteiligt zu sein. Die zunehmende Erhellung der Nacht beeinflusst zudem das natürliche Verhalten von Tieren. Die Folgen reichen – neben Lebensraumveränderungen – von Änderungen im Jagd- oder Fortpflanzungsverhalten bis hin zum tödlichen Anziehungseffekt von Lichtquellen z.B. für Insekten. Die langfristigen Folgen dieser Veränderungen für ganze Populationen, Lebensgemeinschaften oder Landschaften sind noch wenig verstanden. Optionen für eine Reduzierung der Lichtverschmutzung bestehen sowohl technologisch als auch im Hinblick auf die Regulierung und Genehmigung von Beleuchtungsanlagen.
Association of Metal Homeostasis and (p)ppGpp Regulation in the Pathophysiology of Enterococcus faecalis.
Creators: name: Colomer-Winter, Cristina
name: Gaca, Anthony O.
name: Lemos, José A.
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 60501 Bacteriology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: 60503 Microbial Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 60303 Biological Adaptation
subject: 60104 Cell Metabolism

description: In Enterococcus faecalis, the regulatory nucleotides pppGpp and ppGpp, collectively, (p)ppGpp, are required for growth in blood, survival within macrophages, and virulence. However, a clear understanding of how (p)ppGpp promotes virulence in E. faecalis and other bacterial pathogens is still lacking. In the host, the essential transition metals iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are not readily available to invading pathogens because of a host-driven process called nutritional immunity. Considering its central role in adaptation to nutritional stresses, we hypothesized that (p)ppGpp mediates E. faecalis virulence through regulation of metal homeostasis. Indeed, supplementation of serum with either Fe or Mn restored growth and survival of the Δrel ΔrelQ [(p)ppGpp0] strain to wild-type levels. Using a chemically defined medium, we found that (p)ppGpp accumulates in response to either Fe depletion or Mn depletion and that the (p)ppGpp0 strain has a strong growth requirement for Mn that is alleviated by Fe supplementation. Although inactivation of the nutrient-sensing regulator codY restored some phenotypes of the (p)ppGpp0 strain, transcriptional analysis showed that the (p)ppGpp/CodY network does not promote transcription of known metal transporters. Interestingly, physiologic and enzymatic investigations suggest that the (p)ppGpp0 strain requires higher levels of Mn in order to cope with high levels of endogenously produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because (p)ppGpp mediates antibiotic persistence and virulence in several bacteria, our findings have broad implications and provide new leads for the development of novel therapeutic and preventive strategies against E. faecalis and beyond.