cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Electrical Parameters of Thin-Film Modules under Controlled Conditions
Creators: name: Aksuenger, U.
name: Philipp, D.
name: Weiß, K.-A.
name: Köhl, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3386-3389
description: Stabilized performance parameters of PV-modules are necessary for energy yield prediction as well as
for the investigation of module degradation effects. The electrical parameters of thin-film modules show stabilization
behaviors which are typical for the applied technology. However, this behavior is not satisfyingly understood yet.
Different types of thin-film modules have been exposed to artificial irradiation and controlled temperatures in a
climatic cabinet with a class B solar simulator for up to 330h. The modules have been connected to electronic loads
to perform IV-curve measurements every 15 minutes and MPP-tracking between the measurements.
The stabilization of the different parameters (Uoc, Isc, FF, Pmpp) has been analyzed using this data. Temperature
correction was done with temperature coefficients which have been measured after a certain irradiation dose had
been applied.
Flasher-measurements have been used for confirmation of the DC-measurements after the relaxation of the modules
after the continuous irradiation exposure was finished.
Distance verification for LDPC codes
Creators: name: Dumer, Ilya
name: Kovalev, Alexey A.
name: Pryadko, Leonid P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of finding code distance has been long studied for the generic ensembles of linear codes and led to several algorithms that substantially reduce exponential complexity of this task. However, no asymptotic complexity bounds are known for distance verification in other ensembles of linear codes. Our goal is to re-design the existing generic algorithms of distance verification and derive their complexity for LDPC codes. We obtain new complexity bounds with provable performance expressed in terms of the erasure-correcting thresholds of long LDPC codes. These bounds exponentially reduce complexity estimates known for linear codes.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Proceedings of ISIT 2016 - IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, Barcelona
Progress towards the Development of 18% Efficiency Flexible CIGS Solar Cells on Polymer Film
Creators: name: Chirila, A.
name: Blösch, P.
name: Uhl, A.
name: Seyrling, S.
name: Pianezzi, F.
name: Buecheler, S.
name: Fella, C.
name: Nishiwaki, S.
name: Romanyuk, Y.E.
name: Tiwari, A.N.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3403-3405
description: Development of lightweight and flexible solar cells using roll-to-roll manufacturing and monolithic
interconnection technology can lead to a significant reduction in the manufacturing cost of solar modules. We have
been conducting research and development work for improving the efficiency of flexible CIGS solar cells and
implementing monolithically interconnected solar modules. A vacuum evaporation process for the growth of high
quality CIGS absorber layers at sufficiently low temperature of about 450°C and a method of Na incorporation for
improving the electronic properties have been developed. Flexible solar cells with a record efficiency of 17.6% and
monolithically interconnected mini-modules with 12.1% efficiency have been realized. Analyses of photovoltaic
properties suggest that efficiencies above 18% are achievable.
Investigation on Flexible Thin Film Solar Cells Using Lock-in Thermography and Electroluminescence
Creators: name: Zajac, K.
name: Brunner, S.
name: Seifart, K.
name: Löcher, N.
name: Münch, M.
name: Meißner, M.
name: Scheit, C.
name: Hartmann, L.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3331-3334
description: After the successful execution of research projects for European Space Agency (ESA) regarding the design, assembly
and test of flexible thin film solar array hardware, flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells were subject of an
investigation with different non destructive test methods. The electrical characteristic and the quality of the thin film
solar cells i.e. the identification of shunts were the main points of interests. Three methods including Lock-in
thermography (LIT), electroluminescence (EL), and light beam induced current (LBIC) were used for the
investigation. The obtained results show that LIT, EL and LBIC are valuable tools to assess the characteristics of
flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells. Inhomogeneities as well as localized shunts were clearly identified by all
three test methods. With regard to the usability in the production process, EL and LIT are better applicable than
LBIC, due to high measurement speed.
Gefährdet die Art und Weise, in der der Mensch mit sich selbst verfährt, sein Menschsein?
Creators: name: Dubarle, Dominique
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 3 Nr. 6/7 (1967): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 3, Heft 6/7
Comparison of Diamond Wire and Slurry Sawn Wafers with Respect to Cell Manufacturing and Performance
Creators: name: Lanz, M.
name: Richter, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1076-1079
description: -
The Effect of Post-Deposited Na on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells by Using the Na2S Solution
Creators: name: Kim, W.-N.
name: Park, S.-Y.
name: Lee, E.-W.
name: Seo, J.
name: Lee, S.-H.
name: Kim, S.-H.
name: Jeon, C.-W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3398-3402
description: In the study, post deposition treatment (PDT) was applied to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber layer that
is developed into a heavily Cu-poor with Cu/[In+Ga] ratio of 0.79. Unlike the diffusion of Na from the existing sodalime
glass, PDT is a method that performs a dip coating of Na2S which is on top of the CIGS absorber layer, and then
conducts an annealing and incorporates Na to the absorber layer. The study focused on the electrical and structural
properties of the absorber layer induced by the PDT and compared the effects of diffused Na from Na-free substrate
and soda-lime glass. As a result, the electrical properties including resistivity and hall concentration of CIGS were
improved and in case of the structural characteristic, it caused a slight change in preferred orientation, yet there was
no distinctive change in the grain size.
Novel Orientation Step-Program of a Pseudo-Equatorially Tracked PV Panel
Creators: name: Burduhos, B.
name: Visa, I.
name: Diaconescu, D.
name: Saulescu, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3835-3842
description: The main goal of this paper is to determine an improved orientation program (the movements and the
time they are done) for a pseudo-equatorial dual-axis, single-module photovoltaic tracker developed in the local
research center, based on local geographic and meteorological data and on tests conducted using a previously
determined orientation program. In order to achieve this goal, the following steps have been made: the general
problem of tracking systems has been explained and especially that of pseudo-equatorial trackers; the previous
orientation program is described and the results of its testing are presented; based on them the new orientation
program is generated with the purpose to obtain a greater orientation efficiency.
Reaction Paths during the Sulfurization of In/Cu-Ga and Cu-In-Ga Thin Films for the Fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)S2 at Different Heating Rates
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Alvarez, H.
name: Mainz, R.
name: Scheer, R.
name: Schock, H.-W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3406-3410
description: The purpose of this work is to investigate the reaction paths during the sulfurization of two types of
metallic precursors, In/Cu-Ga bilayers and Cu-In-Ga single layers. The metallic precursors were sulfurized in a
closed volume at three constant heating rates: 14 Kmin-1, 28 Kmin-1 and 56 Kmin-1. We use synchrotron-based
polychromatic X-ray diffraction to monitor in real time the formation of the Cu(In,Ga)S2 thin films. The sequence of
solid phases before the formation of the chalcopyrite phase and the temperatures of the phase transitions depend on
the heating rate and on the metallic precursor. As for the In/Cu-Ga bilayers, we found that increasing the heating
rates shifts the onset of the sulfurization to higher temperatures. Decreasing the heating rate favors the formation of
CuS and Cu-Ga intermetallic phases. As for the Cu-In-Ga single layers, we found a significant composition-caused
strain of the Cux(In,Ga)y phases during the sulfurization. Furthermore, the Cu(In,Ga)S2 thin films fabricated from
these single-layered precursors presented a bad adhesion to the Mo back contact. We developed a one-step rapid
thermal process (RTP) where suitable Cu(In,Ga)S2 thin films for solar cells were obtained.
Seeing Through the Ring: Near-Infrared Photometry of V582 Mon (KH 15D)
Creators: name: Arulanantham, Nicole A.
name: Herbst, William
name: Cody, Ann Marie
name: Stauffer, John R.
name: Rebull, Luisa M.
name: Agol, Eric
name: Windemuth, Diana
name: Marengo, Massimo
name: Winn, Joshua N.
name: Hamilton, Catrina M.
name: Mundt, Reinhard
name: Johns-Krull, Christopher M.
name: Gutermuth, Robert A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the light and color evolution of the T Tauri binary KH 15D through photometry obtained at wavelengths between 0.55 and 8.0 $μ$m. The data were collected with ANDICAM on the 1.3 m SMARTS telescope at Cerro-Tololo Inter-American Observatory and with IRAC on the Spitzer Space Telescope. We show that the system's circumbinary ring, which acts as a screen that covers and uncovers different portions of the binary orbit as the ring precesses, has reached an orientation where the brighter component (star B) fully or nearly fully emerges during each orbital cycle. The fainter component (star A) remains fully occulted by the screen at all phases. The leading and trailing edges of the screen move across the sky at the same rate of $\sim$15 meters per second, consistent with expectation for a ring with a radius and width of $\sim$4 AU and a precession period of $\sim$6500 years. Light and color variations continue to indicate that the screen is sharp edged and opaque at \emph{VRIJH} wavelengths. However, we find an increasing transparency of the ring edge at 2.2, 3.6, and 4.5 $μ$m. Reddening seen at the beginning of the eclipse that occurred during the CSI 2264 campaign particularly suggests selective extinction by a population of large dust grains. Meanwhile, the gradual bluing observed while star B is setting is indicative of forward scattering effects at the edge of the ring. The SED of the system at its bright phase shows no evidence of infrared excess emission that can be attributed to radiation from the ring or other dust component out to 8 microns.
description: Accepted for publication by The Astronomical Journal on February 2nd, 2016
From Injection Dependent Lifetime to Solar Cell Efficiency
Creators: name: Michl, B.T.
name: Rüdiger, M.
name: Giesecke, J.A.
name: Hermle, M.
name: Warta, W.
name: Schubert, M.C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1058-1062
description: In this work we analyze the solar cell efficiency limitations of multicrystalline material due to bulk
recombination. We measure, spatially resolved, the injection dependent bulk lifetime of a surface passivated wafer
and combine that information with a simple cell simulation. Hence, we can calculate the open-circuit voltage, the
short-circuit current and the fill factor limit for every image point. To attain global values we discuss the effect of the
emitter on the excess carrier distribution with Sentaurus Device and Spice network simulations. For comparison to
solar cells, we analyze wafers that have undergone the relevant high temperature steps of a solar cell process. The
calculated global values match very well to measured values on finished solar cells from neighboring wafers. With
this procedure we could observe severe losses in short-circuit current in dislocated areas on the wafer and also show
why the fill factor of multicrystalline cells is limited by the bulk material.
Die Entwicklung in den Lehrformulierungen der Kirche über die Evolutionstheorie
Creators: name: Alszeghi, Zoltân
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 3 Nr. 6/7 (1967): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 3, Heft 6/7
Synthesis and Characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Nanoparticles for Application in Printed Thin Film Solar Cells
Creators: name: Zutz, F.
name: Chory, C.
name: Riedel, I.
name: Parisi, J.
name: Maiwald, M.
name: Zöllmer, V.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3361-3364
description: Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a novel compound semiconductor based on abundant and non-toxic precursor elements. The
material has an absorption coefficient >104 cm−1 and a direct optical band gap of approximately 1.5 eV. CZTS
nanoparticles are prepared in a low-temperature colloidal synthesis route yielding high amounts of CZTS nanoparticles
which are obtained with the required stochiometry. The nanocrystallites will be used as ink formulation for printingbased
deposition of low-cost thin film absorbers in photovoltaic devices. In this work we report on the structural
characterization of printed CZTS thin films and CZTS nanopowders with slightly varying chemical compositions that are
associated with different efficencies, open circuit voltages and short circuit current densities as reported in literature. The
surface topology of thin films was studied by SEM in combination with EDX spectroscopy, while the crystallite structure
of the CZTS nanoparticles was investigated by XRD analysis of powders. The XRD measurements were conducted with
a thermal gradient to analyze the development of the crystallite structures during the annealing process.
Quantum Efficiency Analysis of Ion Beam Assisted Deposition of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells on Flexible Substrates
Creators: name: Puttnins, S.
name: Zachmann, H.
name: Rahm, A.
name: Benndorf, G.
name: Grundmann, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3369-3371
description: Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cells on flexible polyimide substrates were produced in an ion beam
assisted low temperature deposition process with a maximum efficiency of 14 %. The selenium ion energy supports
the growth of the CIGSe layer by an enhanced mobility of the adatoms which should result in smoother surfaces, less
tension and increased adhesion to the back contact. However higher selenium ion energies concurrently cause ion
beam induced defects reducing the solar cell efficiency. The aim of this work is to analyse the effect of varying ion
beam energies by quantum efficiency measurements and calculated luminescence spectra. We show that the Urbach
energy as a measure of structural disorder and the luminescence intensity of a defect allocated peak increases with
higher ion energy. Furthermore we show that with increasing selenium ion energy losses in VOC are caused mainly by
non-radiative recombination.
Vorwort
Creators: name: Metz, Wolfgang
name: Bröker, Werner
name: Oelmüller, Willi
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 3 Nr. 6/7 (1967): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 3, Heft 6/7
Ultra-Long Lifetime of Thin Film CIGS PV Modules Up to 3000 Hours Damp Heat Stability Using a Novel Edge Sealing “Getter” Tape
Creators: name: Bonucci, A.
name: Longoni, G.
name: Rondena, S.
name: Salomon, O.
name: Wischmann, W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3372-3374
description: Photovoltaic cells need to get longer their operative life, in order to be competitive against the so-called
polluting source. In particular, thin film technologies as CIGS suffer of degradation due to moisture ingress into the
panel. Edge sealing tape applied additionally to a standard lamination foil used in the encapsulation process can limit
the moisture permeation and degradation.
In this paper we will show the performance of a new edge sealant B-DryTM on the life time in the damp heat test.
More than 3000 hour have been guaranteed by this kind of component, consistently with an internal characterization
and the modeling used for its designing. Also the electrical properties seem to be excellent compared to the
encapsulant itself. The UV resistance has also been evaluated showing a very good performances.
Quality Control of Czochralski Grown Silicon Wafers in Solar Cell Production Using Photoluminescence Imaging
Creators: name: Haunschild, J.
name: Broisch, J.
name: Reis, I.E.
name: Rein, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1025-1030
description: Recent progress with photoluminescence (PL) imaging shows that applying pattern recognition
techniques on the images of as-cut multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafers allows a prediction of final solar cell
parameters. Based on PL a reliable quality control for electrical parameters can thus be established for mc-Si wafers.
High-efficiency solar cells are fabricated from Czochralski silicon (Cz-Si) wafers in most cases because of
their high material quality. In this study, however, solar cells from Cz-Si suffered an efficiency loss of more than
4 % absolute due to a defect which appears as dark rings in PL images. In this paper we will show that the origin
of this defect lies in oxygen precipitation during emitter diffusion. By using QSSPC-based lifetime measurements
or PL-imaging, critical wafers can be identified and sorted out reliably at an early state of production and thus
yield and average efficiency of production lines can be increased.
Microscopic Properties of the Heterointerface in a-Si:H/c-Si High-Efficiency Heterojunction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Schulze, T.F.
name: Korte, L.
name: Rech, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1045-1051
description: We explore the (near-)interface structure and band lineup of amorphous/crystalline silicon (a-Si:H/c-
Si) heterojunctions as employed in high-efficiency heterojunction solar cells. We make use of SIMS profiles and
minority carrier lifetime measurements taken on undoped deuterated amorphous silicon [(i)a-Si:D] layers deposited
on c-Si from deuterated silane (SiD4) at identical conditions as the layers we have analyzed previously [T. F. Schulze
et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 252102 (2010)]. Additionally, we determine the band offsets at the a-Si:H/c-Si
heterointerface combining near-UV photoelectron spectroscopy (NUVPES), surface photovoltage- (SPV) and
spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements. We briefly discuss the implications of the local interface structure for
the absorber passivation as well as for the heterojunction band offsets.
Epi-two-dimensional flow and generalized enstrophy
Creators: name: Yoshida, Zensho
name: Morrison, Philip J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conservation of the enstrophy ($L^2$ norm of the vorticity $ω$) plays an essential role in the physics and mathematics of two-dimensional (2D) Euler fluids. Generalizing to compressible ideal (inviscid and barotropic) fluids, the generalized enstrophy $\int_{Σ(t)} f(ω/ρ)ρ\, d^2 x$, ($f$ an arbitrary smooth function, $ρ$ the density, and $Σ(t)$ an arbitrary 2D domain co-moving with the fluid) is a constant of motion, and plays the same role. On the other hand, for the three-dimensional (3D) ideal fluid, the helicity $\int_{M} {V}\cdotω\,d^3x$, ($V$ the flow velocity, $ω=\nabla\times V$, and ${M}$ the three-dimensional domain containing the fluid) is conserved. Evidently, the helicity degenerates in a 2D system, and the (generalized) enstrophy emerges as a compensating constant. This transition of the constants of motion is a reflection of an essential difference between 2D and 3D systems, because the conservation of the (generalized) enstrophy imposes stronger constraints, than the helicity, on the flow. In this paper, we make a deeper inquiry into the helicity-enstrophy interplay: the ideal fluid mechanics is cast into a Hamiltonian form in the phase space of Clebsch parameters, generalizing 2D to a wider category of epi-2D flows (2D embedded in 3D has zero helicity, while the converse is not true -- our epi-2D category encompasses a wider class of zero-helicity flows); how helicity degenerates and is substituted by a new constant is delineated; and how a further generalized enstrophy is introduced as a constant of motion applying to epi-2D flow is described.
3D-modelling of the stellar auroral radio emission
Creators: name: Leto, P.
name: Trigilio, C.
name: Buemi, C. S.
name: Umana, G.
name: Ingallinera, A.
name: Cerrigone, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electron cyclotron maser is the coherent emission process that gives rise to the radio lighthouse effect observed in the hot magnetic chemically peculiar star CU Virginis. It has also been proposed to explain the highly circularly polarized radio pulses observed on some ultra cool dwarfs, with spectral type earlier than M7. Such kind of coherent events resemble the auroral radio emission from the magnetized planets of the solar system. In this paper, we present a tridimensional model able to simulate the timing and profile of the pulses emitted by those stars characterized by a dipolar magnetic field by following the hypothesis of the laminar source model, used to explain the beaming of the terrestrial auroral kilometric radiation. This model proves to be a powerful tool to understand the auroral radio-emission phenomenon, allowing us to derive some general conclusions about the effects of the model's free parameters on the features of the coherent pulses, and to learn more about the detectability of such kind of pulsed radio emission.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Effect of the Series Resistance on the Photovoltaic Properties of CIS Solar Cells
Creators: name: Perraki, V.
name: Gianniou, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3375-3378
description: This paper estimates the internal series resistance of solar cells by measurements realized in conditions of
darkness, and the I-V characteristic according to the study of Priyanka, et al. We have realized current voltage measurements
of the cell when it is illuminated, to estimate the variation of its characteristic properties when the series resistance changes.
More specifically, the experimental procedure was initially tested in lab environment, using external resistors connected in
series with the cell CIS and then, in real outdoor conditions.
The most luminous H$α$ emitters at z~0.8-2.23 from HiZELS: evolution of AGN and star-forming galaxies
Creators: name: Sobral, David
name: Kohn, Saul A.
name: Best, Philip N.
name: Smail, Ian
name: Harrison, Chris M.
name: Stott, John
name: Calhau, João
name: Matthee, Jorryt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use new near-infrared spectroscopic observations to investigate the nature and evolution of the most luminous Hα(Ha) emitters at z~0.8-2.23, which evolve strongly in number density over this period, and compare them to more typical Ha emitters. We study 59 luminous Ha emitters with $L_{Hα}>L_{Hα}^*$, roughly equally split per redshift slice at z~0.8, 1.47 and 2.23 from the HiZELS and CF-HiZELS surveys. We find that, overall, 30$\pm$8% are AGN (80$\pm$30% of these AGN are broad-line AGN, BL-AGN), and we find little to no evolution in the AGN fraction with redshift, within the errors. However, the AGN fraction increases strongly with Ha luminosity and correlates best with $L_{Hα}/L_{Hα}^*(z)$. While $L_{Hα}80%), the most luminous Ha emitters ($L_{Hα}>10L_{Hα}^*(z)$) at any cosmic time are essentially all BL-AGN. Using our AGN-decontaminated sample of luminous star-forming galaxies, and integrating down to a fixed Ha luminosity, we find a factor of ~1300x evolution in the star formation rate density from z=0 to z=2.23. This is much stronger than the evolution from typical Ha star-forming galaxies and in line with the evolution seen for constant luminosity cuts used to select "Ultra-Luminous" Infrared Galaxies and/or sub-millimetre galaxies. By taking into account the evolution in the typical Ha luminosity, we show that the most strongly star-forming Ha-selected galaxies at any epoch ($L_{Hα}>L^*_{Hα}(z)$) contribute the same fractional amount of ~15% to the total star-formation rate density, at least up to z=2.23.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Investigation of activation cross sections of proton induced reactions on indium up to 70 MeV for practical applications
Creators: name: Tárkányi, F.
name: Ditrói, F.
name: Hermanne, A.
name: Takács, S.
name: Baba, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excitation functions were measured for production of the $^{113,111,110}$Sn, $^{115m,114m,113m,112m,111g,110g}$In and $^{111m,109}$Cd radioisotopes by bombardment of In targets with proton beams up to 70 MeV, some of them for the first time. The new results are compared with the earlier experimental data and with the theoretical data in the TENDL-2014 (Talys1.6 based) library. Thick target yields were deduced and application of the new data for production of medically relevant $^{110m}$In, $^{111g}$In, $^{113m}$In and $^{114m}$In, as well as applicability for thin layer activation (TLA) are discussed.
Jenseits von Naturrecht und Positivismus. Die Begründung des Rechts in der evangelischen Theologie der Gegenwart im deutschen Sprachraum
Creators: name: Schrey, Heinz-Horst
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 3 Nr. 5 (1967): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 3, Heft 5
The collisional evolution of undifferentiated asteroids and the formation of chondritic meteoroids
Creators: name: Beitz, Eike
name: Blum, Jürgen
name: Parisi, M. Gabriela
name: Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most meteorites are fragments from recent collisions experienced in the asteroid belt. In such a hyper-velocity collision, the smaller collision partner is destroyed, whereas a crater on the asteroid is formed or it is entirely disrupted, too. The present size distribution of the asteroid belt suggests that an asteroid with 100 km radius is encountered $10^{14}$ times during the lifetime of the Solar System by objects larger than 10 cm in radius; the formed craters cover the surface of the asteroid about 100 times. We present a Monte Carlo code that takes into account the statistical bombardment of individual infinitesimally small surface elements, the subsequent compaction of the underlying material, the formation of a crater and a regolith layer. For the entire asteroid, 10,000 individual surface elements are calculated. We compare the ejected material from the calculated craters with the shock stage of meteorites with low petrologic type and find that these most likely stem from smaller parent bodies that do not possess a significant regolith layer. For larger objects, which accrete a regolith layer, a prediction of the thickness depending on the largest visible crater can be made. Additionally, we compare the crater distribution of an object initially 100 km in radius with the shape model of the asteroid (21) Lutetia, assuming it to be initially formed spherical with a radius that is equal to its longest present ellipsoid length. Here, we find the shapes of both objects to show resemblance to each other.
description: Accepted by ApJ
Geometric constants for quantifying the difference between orthogonality types
Creators: name: Balestro, Vitor
name: Martini, Horst
name: Teixeira, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32A70, 33B10, 46B20, 52A10, 52A21

description: This paper is devoted to introduce new geometric constants that quantify the difference between Roberts orthogonality and Birkhoff orthogonality in normed planes. We start by characterizing Roberts orthogonality in two different ways: via bisectors of two points and using certain linear transformations. Each of these characterizations yields one of those geometric constants that we will study.
B fields in OB stars (BOB): Detection of a magnetic field in the He-strong star CPD-57° 3509
Creators: name: Przybilla, N.
name: Fossati, L.
name: Hubrig, S.
name: Nieva, M. -F.
name: Järvinen, S. P.
name: Castro, N.
name: Schöller, M.
name: Ilyin, I.
name: Butler, K.
name: Schneider, F. R. N.
name: Oskinova, L. M.
name: Morel, T.
name: Langer, N.
name: de Koter, A.
name: collaboration, the BOB
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of a magnetic field in the helium-strong star CPD-57 3509 (B2 IV), a member of the Galactic open cluster NGC3293, and characterise the star's atmospheric and fundamental parameters. Spectropolarimetric observations with FORS2 and HARPSpol are analysed using two independent approaches to quantify the magnetic field strength. A high-S/N FLAMES/GIRAFFE spectrum is analysed using a hybrid non-LTE model atmosphere technique. Comparison with stellar evolution models constrains the fundamental parameters of the star. We obtain a firm detection of a surface averaged longitudinal magnetic field with a maximum amplitude of about 1 kG. Assuming a dipolar configuration of the magnetic field, this implies a dipolar field strength larger than 3.3 kG. Moreover, the large amplitude and fast variation (within about 1 day) of the longitudinal magnetic field implies that CPD-57 3509 is spinning very fast despite its apparently slow projected rotational velocity. The star should be able to support a centrifugal magnetosphere, yet the spectrum shows no sign of magnetically confined material; in particular, emission in Hα is not observed. Apparently, the wind is either not strong enough for enough material to accumulate in the magnetosphere to become observable or, alternatively, some leakage process leads to loss of material from the magnetosphere. The quantitative spectroscopic analysis of the star yields an effective temperature and a logarithmic surface gravity of 23750+-250 K and 4.05+-0.10, respectively, and a surface helium fraction of 0.28+-0.02 by number. The surface abundances of C, N, O, Ne, S, and Ar are compatible with the cosmic abundance standard, whereas Mg, Al, Si, and Fe are depleted by about a factor of 2. This abundance pattern can be understood as the consequence of a fractionated stellar wind. CPD-57 3509 is one of the most evolved He-strong stars known.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Investigation of Radiation Damage to the Al2O3 / Si Wafer Interface during Electron Beam Evaporation by Means of C-V and Lifetime Measurements
Creators: name: Schiele, Y.
name: Hahn, G.
name: Terheiden, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1068-1072
description: For the purpose of reducing recombination activity in crystalline silicon solar cells, atomic layer
deposited aluminum oxide (Al2O3) has proven a promising candidate. Its excellent surface passivation is effected by
an exceptionally high density of negative fixed charges Qf generating a strong field-effect along with a chemical
passivation reducing the density of interface traps Dit. The dependence of these two measures on the temperature and
the duration of the post-deposition anneal activating the passivation of Al2O3 is investigated by measuring the
capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics. To directly correlate Qf and Dit with the effective minority carrier lifetime
eff, a new kind of sample structure is developed, whereby both measurement types can be conducted on the same test
sample. The interface properties of samples with thermal and electron beam evaporated metal contacts are compared
and a correlation with the obtained passivation quality quantified by eff is identified in order to investigate the
influence of the radiation damage. It is found that Qf, Dit and eff of Al2O3 passivated p-doped Si wafers exhibit a
correlation when annealing parameters are varied and that an electron beam evaporation of Al damages the Al2O3/Si
interface and significantly reduces eff. Finally, a method to restore the effective lifetime is developed and
investigated which yields a recovery rate of 65% corresponding to a reduction of Dit and an increase of Qf.
Magnetic Dipoles at Topological Defects in the Meissner State of a Nanostructured Superconductor
Creators: name: Ge, Jun-Yi
name: Gladioli, Vladimir N.
name: Xue, Cun
name: Tempere, Jacques
name: Devreese, Jozef T.
name: Van de Vondel, Joris
name: Zhou, Youhe
name: Moshchalkov, Victor V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a magnetic field, superconductivity is manifested by total magnetic field expulsion (Meissner effect) or by the penetration of integer multiples of the flux quantum Φ_0. Here we present experimental results revealing magnetic dipoles formed by Meissner current flowing around artificially introduced topological defects (lattice of antidots). By using scanning Hall probe microscopy, we have detected ordered magnetic dipole lattice generated at spatially periodic antidots in a Pb superconducting film. While the conventional homogeneous Meissner state breaks down, the total magnetic flux of the magnetic dipoles remains quantized and is equal to zero. The observed magnetic dipoles strongly depend on the intensity and direction of the locally flowing Meissner current, making the magnetic dipoles an effective way to monitor the local supercurrent. We have also investigated the first step of the vortex depinning process, where, due to the generation of magnetic dipoles, the pinned Abrikosov vortices are deformed and shifted from their original pinning sites.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Children’s use of new media and parental mediation in the Thai family context: negotiation, agency and autonomy
Creators: name: Siwapathomchai, Sunida
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other human society not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis investigates the use of new media by children and young people in Thailand, and how Thai parents try to mediate this use. It also explores children and parents’ perceptions of the use of new media and considers their levels of confidence in their digital skills, which in turn has an impact on parental mediation and negotiation of their children’s use of new media. Other issues raised in the study include problems caused by the excessive use of new media, privacy, child autonomy, and the digital generation gap between parents and their children. A mixed methods approach is adopted in the research, using both qualitative and quantitative techniques, including a survey of 1,172 children and young people aged between 9-18 years, and 1,013 parents; and focus group discussions with 59 children and 27 parents. The study shows that children and young people engage in online activities for three main purposes – to acquire knowledge and information, for entertainment, and for communication purposes – and mostly use multiple new media devices. It also illustrates parental dilemmas concerning the perceived advantages (educational) and disadvantages (antisocial) of new media technologies. Five main types of parental mediation are identified, namely, restrictions, monitoring, supervision, talking to children and co-use. The findings indicate that the type of mediation implemented by parents was strongly determined by the age of their children, with more restrictive types used mainly with younger children and more collaborative types of mediation used with older children. The latter allow greater agency for the child to participate in dialogue and express their ideas regarding new media issues, and this was especially the case for young people who actively sought autonomy and independence. The study clearly suggests that relative levels of digital confidence/competence are a significant factor in parental mediation and children’s negotiation approaches to using new media, and the results indicate new media use is an area in which reverse socialisation occurs within the Thai family context. The implications of the findings suggest that more effective support systems are needed in Thailand to educate, advocate, and guide parents in building their digital skills and knowledge so that they can develop their self-efficacy in using new media and enhance the effectiveness of their mediation strategies in ways that keep children safe while enabling them to gain maximal benefits from the opportunities presented by new media technologies.
New PV Array Simulator of 100kW: Results of First Tests at a PV Inverter of 100kW
Creators: name: Häberlin, H.
name: Borgna, L.
name: Gfeller, D.
name: Münger, M.
name: Schärf, P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3625-3630
description: The PV laboratory of BFH-TI in Burgdorf has developed two linear PV generator simulators up to
25 kW with high stability and fast transient response between 2000 and 2004. With these devices, which are
controlled by computers, it is possible to perform semi-automated tests of PV inverters including the measurement of
MPP-tracking efficiency [3]. From these measurements, the total or overall efficiency can be calculated [4]. So far
many inverter tests have been performed with this equipment (see www.pvtest.ch). As 100 kW is an important power
limit in many countries, in a research project funded by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, the PV laboratory was
mandated to develop a corresponding PV array simulator of 100 kW (VOC ≤ 810 V / ISC ≤ 156 A). A first
presentation of the state of this project was given at Valencia in 2008 [5].
In January 2009 this new PV array simulator was fully operational and it is now possible to perform automated tests
under computer control (like those performed at low power devices) at much more powerful inverters up to 100 kW.
In this paper, the results of first successful tests at a 100 kW-inverter Solarmax 100C are described.
Submodular Optimization Under Uncertainty
Creators: name: Levin, Roie
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Theoretical Computer Science

description: Submodular functions, which are a natural discrete analog of convex/concave functions, strike a sweet spot between generality and structure: they model an immense variety of applications in computer science and beyond, but, at the same time, are sufficiently well behaved that they can be optimized very effectively in theory and in practice. Optimization tasks involving submodular functions have classically been studied in settings of complete information, i.e. where the entire input is known upfront. However, such perfect, full-information access to the input is unrealistic in many applications, and indeed designing algorithms under uncertainty has become an important trend in modern computer science. In this thesis, we study algorithms for submodular optimization in scenarios with incomplete information. We study three different kinds of uncertain environments: (a) Online settings where problem constraints are revealed piecemeal and the algorithm must commit to irrevocable decisions as it maintains feasibility. The challenge is to make decisions that are robust to the final realization of the problem, even with limited information. (b) Dynamic settings where constraints can not only be added but also removed over time. The goal is to design algorithms that maintain feasible, near optimal solutions at every stage that are stable, in the sense that they change as little as possible between time steps. (c) Streaming settings where the input is too large to hold in memory all at once. The algorithm must adequately solve problems with only limited memory after one (or few) sequential passes over the data. Prior to our work, no algorithms were known for several important instances of submodular optimization in uncertain environments; we improve known algorithms for others. In a few cases we apply insights from these submodular optimization algorithms to problems that are not on their surface related to submodularity. We hope that the techniques we develop find uses elsewhere.
Intercomparison of Different Energy Prediction Methods within the European Project "Performance" - Results on the 2nd Round Robin
Creators: name: Friesen, G.
name: Dittmann, S.
name: Williams, S.
name: Gottschalg, R.
name: Beyer, H.G.
name: Guérin De Montgareuil, A.
name: Van Der Borg, N.J.C.M.
name: Burgers, A.R.
name: Kenny, R.P.
name: Huld, T.
name: Müller, B.
name: Reise, C.
name: Kurnik, J.
name: Topic, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3189-3197
description: This paper presents some of the results obtained within the European project PERFORMANCE in the
field of module energy prediction. It describes the second of three modelling inter-comparison campaigns (round
robins). The main aim of the study is to further reduce and to better understand the uncertainty in energy predictions
and to support the development of the IEC61853 energy rating standard for PV modules.
The round robin results showed that an improvement in energy predictions by implementing spectral and angle of
incidence effects is very difficult to achieve without increasing the reliability and availability of the required input
parameters. Independently of the type of technology, none of the seven models investigated was able to significantly
improve the annual energy prediction respect to the basic approach where only in-plane irradiance, as measured by a
broad band pyranometer, and measured back of module temperature were used as input. A real improvement could
only be achieved for clear sky days. The temperature models were shown to be less critical, leading to no major
decrease in annual energy prediction accuracy. However, the translation from horizontal to in-plane irradiance led to
larger errors, these were mainly due to the high uncertainty in diffuse irradiance measurements and/or its translation
to the tilted plane.
Luminescence Imaging versus Lock-in Thermography on Solar Cells and Wafers
Creators: name: Breitenstein, O.
name: Bauer, J.
name: Bothe, K.
name: Hinken, D.
name: Müller, J.
name: Kwapil, W.
name: Schubert, M.C.
name: Warta, W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1031-1038
description: The purpose of this work is a detailed comparison of selected luminescence and lock-in thermography
(LIT) results on one exemplary sample and to draw corresponding conclusions. Our focus is on solar cells, but also
some investigations on wafers will be discussed. The comparison will help to decide which characterization tools are
needed to solve technological problems. It will be demonstrated that luminescence imaging may widely replace LIT
with respect to the analysis of recombination-active bulk defects, cracks, series resistances, and junction breakdown
sites. However, some important investigations can be done only by LIT. LIT allows for a quantitative analysis of
different kinds of leakage currents both under forward and under reverse bias enabling a reliable analysis of local IV
characteristics. It is shown that LIT and luminescence imaging are complementary to each other and should be used
in combination.