cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic physical properties and large critical current density in KCa${_2}$Fe${_4}$As${_4}$F${_2}$ single crystal
Creators: name: Pyon, Sunseng
name: Kobayashi, Yuto
name: Takahashi, Ayumu
name: Li, Wenjie
name: Wang, Teng
name: Mu, Gang
name: Ichinose, Ataru
name: Kambara, Tadashi
name: Yoshida, Atsushi
name: Tamegai, Tsuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic study of electrical resistivity, Hall coefficient, magneto-optical imaging, magnetization, and STEM analyses of KCa${_2}$Fe${_4}$As${_4}$F${_2}$ single crystals. Sharp diamagnetic transition and magneto-optical imaging reveal homogeneity of single crystal and prominent Bean-like penetrations of vortices. Large anisotropy of electrical resistivity, with ${ρ_c / ρ_{ab}}$ > 100, and semiconductor-like ${ρ_c}$ suggest that the electronic state is quasi two-dimensional. Hall effect measurements indicate that KCa${_2}$Fe${_4}$As${_4}$F${_2}$ is a multiband system with holes as main carriers. Magnetization measurements reveal significantly larger J$_c$ compared with that in other iron-based superconductors with different values of J$_c$ depending on the direction of magnetic field. Origin of these J$_c$ characteristics is discussed based on microstructural observations using STEM. In addition, further enhancement of J$_c$ in KCa${_2}$Fe${_4}$As${_4}$F${_2}$ for future application is demonstrated in terms of heavy-ion irradiation.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
Trade Similarities between Eastern and Southern Europe: Opportunities or Competition?
Creators: name: Marques, Helena
name: Marques, Helena
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Eastern Europe
subject: EU enlargement
subject: Southern Europe
subject: trade
subject: transition

description: Using only transition period data, this paper analyses revealed comparative advantages (RCAs) and specialisations to identify the 3-digit SITC (Standard International Trade Classification) sectors in which the EU's trade liberalisation with Eastern European applicants may represent opportunities or competition between them and EU South. First, during the transition period potential competition occurs in labour-intensive sectors. Over one-third of Eastern European and EU South exports overlap both in the labour-intensive factor content and in the destination market (EU North). Second, the clothing and footwear export unit values of Visegrad countries are very close to those of EU South, indicating similar quality levels. Third, the greatest potential opportunities for Eastern Europe lie in R&D-intensive sectors. Finally, the benefits for EU South of trade liberalisation with Eastern Europe, if any, lie in obtaining cheaper imports rather than in exporting to the Eastern European market.
The distribution of kHz QPO frequencies in bright LMXBs
Creators: name: Belloni, Tomaso
name: Mendez, Mariano
name: Homan, Jeroen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed all published frequencies, nu_1 and nu_2, of the twin kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) in bright neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries. The two frequencies are well correlated but, contrary to recent suggestions, the frequency-frequency correlation is significantly different from a nu_2 = (3/2) nu_1 relation. To check whether, although not following the the 3/2 relation, the QPO frequencies cluster around a region where nu_2/nu_1 ~ 3/2, we re-analyzed the Sco X-1 data that were used to report that ratio and show that, because the distribution of ratios of linearly correlated measurements is intrinsically biased, although the significance of the clustering around nu_2/nu_1 ~ 3/2 previously reported in the case of Sco X-1 is formally correct, it does not provide any useful information about a possible underlying resonance mechanism in this source. Using the same data, we then show that the (unbiased) distribution of QPO frequencies is consistent with a uniform distribution at a 2.4 sigma level. To investigate this further, we analyzed a larger data set of Sco X-1 and four other sources, 4U 1608-52, 4U 1636-53, 4U 1728-34 and 4U 1820-30. We find that for all five sources the distribution of the kHz QPO frequencies is not uniform and has multiple peaks, which have no analogy in the distribution of points in the spectral color-color diagrams of these sources. Finally, we demonstrate that a simple random walk of the QPO frequencies can reproduce qualitatively the observed distributions in frequency and frequency ratio. This result weakens the support for resonance models of kHz QPOs in neutron stars.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication on Astronomy and Astrophyics (2005 January 8); references updated, minor changes to text. Matches journal version
MassINC: 2019 Spring Transportation Massachusetts Survey
Creators: name: MassINC
name: Foundation, The Barr
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Registered to vote (1); modes of travel (12); public transportation use in average week (1); obstacles to using public transit (7); priorities for state government (12); conditions of local transportation systems (2); easier or harder to get around your part of state over five years (2); Commonwealth raising new money to invest in transit system (1); support letting municipalities place funding measures for local or regional transportation (1); fee for companies that import gasoline into Massachusetts (1); traffic around greater Boston (1); Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (1); impact of transit delays (6); public transit helps get cars off the road (1); action needed to increase state transportation system (1); increase frequency of commuter rail trains going to Boston from 30 to 15 minutes (1); discount on tolls for drivers who drive outside rush hour (1); commute time (1); own or rent (1); how many cars in household (1).
Measurement of the time-dependent CP-violating asymmetry in $B^0 \to K^{0}_sπ^0γ$ decays
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the time-dependent CP-violating asymmetry in $B^0 \to K^{*}_0γ$ decays with $K^{*}_0\to K^{0}_sπ^0$ based on 232 million $Υ(4\mathrm{S})\to B\bar{B}$ decays collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider at SLAC. In a sample containing $157\pm 16$ signal decays, we measure $S_{K^{*}_0γ} = -0.21 \pm 0.40 \pm 0.05$ and $C_{K^{*}_0γ}= -0.40 \pm 0.23 \pm 0.03$, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. We also explore $B^0 \to K^{0}_sπ^0γ$ decays with $1.1
description: 8 pages, 7 postscript figures, submitted to PRD-RC
Photochemical asymmetric synthesis and novel photoreactions in the solid state
Creators: name: Kang, Ting
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The photochemistry of several cis- and trans-9-decalyl aryl ketones was studied in solution and the solid-state. Norrish/Yang type II photocyclization was found to be the major process in both media, and the endo-aryl cyclobutanols were obtained exclusively. No type II photoelimination products were observed. The reactions in the solid state were regiospecific and only one of two possible cyclobutanols was formed. The results were rationalized by means of crystal structure-reactivity correlation studies. The crystal structures of six starting ketones showed that the disposition of the carbonyl chromophore favored the abstraction of only one y-hydrogen in each case, resulting in only one cyclobutanol. The poor orbital overlap calculated from these structures eliminated the possibility of photocleavage. The least motion character of the solid-state reaction suppressed the formation of the exo-cyclobutanols, leading to very high diastereoselectivity. In both the cis- and trans- systems, some novel products were obtained. The rarely seen Phydrogen abstraction products were observed in the cis-ketones, presumably initiated by favorable stereoelectronic factors. However, the product formed in the solid state was different from those in solution and could not be obtained in the latter medium, reflecting a "latent reactivity". Unprecedented decarbonylation products were formed in the case of the transketones with a possible mechanism proposed. The "ionic chiral auxiliary" approach was applied to both the cis- and fraws-ketones and poor to excellent enantiomeric excess (ee) values were observed. From the crystal structures of three salts, it was found that the presence of a single conformation of the salt in the unit cell resulted in high ee's, and that "conformational enantiomerism", i.e., the co-existence of both enantiomeric conformations of the anion portion of the salt in the same unit cell, led to poor ee's. Two novel solid-state photochemical reactions were investigated. The first involved the formation of oxetanes from photolysis of crystals of 1-phenylcyclopentyl aryl ketones, while solution-state reactions of the same compounds afforded only typical Norrish type I products. Oxetane formation was rationalized by type I cleavage followed by hydrogen abstraction and a subsequent Paternd-Blichi reaction. Asymmetric induction in this reaction through formation of chiral salts gave poor to fair ee's. The extension of this reaction to acyclic as well as other cyclic systems met with failure. The second reaction was concerned with photochemical 1,3-phenyl migration in the ccphenyl substituted aromatic ketones. Although the reaction has been studied before in solution, the solid-state version was never investigated. The crystals of the starting ketones showed very high selectivity, yielding the migration products exclusively, while the solution reactions afforded both migration and type I cleavage products.
Trade and Exchange Rate Regime Coherence: Implications for Integration in the Americas
Creators: name: Ciuriak, Dan
name: Ciuriak, Dan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: capital flows
subject: contagion
subject: exchange rates
subject: finance
subject: trade
subject: Western Hemisphere

description: Latin America's trade relationships have been severely strained by the series of uncoordinated currency depreciations within the region since the Asian Crisis spilled over into Brazil in 1999 and by large swings in G-3 exchange rates. Large depreciations, whether forced by capital markets or unilaterally effected for competitive trade reasons, are equivalent to steep increases in tariffs facing trading partners; they damage trade relationships and distort trade-oriented economic growth. The sources of the unfolding regional crisis and its implications for intra-regional trade as well as trade with major external trading partners are examined. Implications for future regional economic integration are drawn.
Expansion of Hot Plasma into Cold Plasma
Creators: name: Benáček, Jan
name: Karlický, Marian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray emission of coronal flare sources can be explained considering the kappa electron distribution. Motivated by this fact, we study the problem of how hot plasma with the kappa distribution of electrons is confined in these sources. For comparison, we analyze the same problem but with the Maxwellian distribution. We use a 3-D particle-in-cell code, which is large in one direction and thus effectively only one-dimensional, but describing all electromagnetic effects. In the case with the Maxwellian distribution, and in agreement with the previous studies, we show a formation of the double layer at the hot-cold transition region that suppresses the flux of hot electrons from hot plasma into the cold one. In the case with the kappa distribution, contrary to the Maxwellian case, we found that there are several fronts with the double layers in the hot-cold transition region. It is caused by a more extended tail in the kappa case than in the Maxwellian one. The electrons from the extended tail freely escape from the hot plasma into a cold one. They form a beam which generates the return current and also Langmuir turbulence, where at some locations Langmuir waves are accumulated. At these locations owing to the ponderomotive force, Langmuir waves generate density depressions, where the double layers with the thermal fronts, suppressing the hot electron flux, are formed. We also show how protons are accelerated in these processes. Finally, we compared the kappa and Maxwellian cases and discussed how these processes could be observed.
description: 14 Pages, 11 Figures
Evolution of field early-type galaxies: The view from GOODS/CDFS
Creators: name: Ferreras, I.
name: Lisker, T.
name: Carollo, C. M.
name: Lilly, S. J.
name: Mobasher, B.
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We explore the evolution of field early-type galaxies on a sample extracted from GOODS/CDFS. The galaxies are selected by means of a non-parametric analysis followed by visual inspection. We exclude those galaxies which are not consistent with an evolution into the Kormendy relation. The final set comprises 249 galaxies with a median redshift z=0.7. The distribution of number counts versus apparent magnitude suggests a substantial decrease of the comoving number density with redshift. The majority of the galaxies feature passively evolving old stellar populations. One third of those in the upper half of the redshift distribution have blue colors, in contrast to only 10% in the lower redshift subsample. An adaptive binning of the color maps is performed to explore the internal color distribution. We find that most blue galaxies in our sample feature blue cores whereas most of the red early-types are passively evolving stellar populations with red cores. The color gradients and scatter do not evolve with redshift and are compatible with the observations at z=0 assuming a radial dependence of the metallicity within each galaxy. This work emphasizes the need for a careful sample selection, as we found that most of those galaxies which were visually classified as early types -- but then rejected based on the Kormendy relation -- feature blue colors characteristic of recent star formation.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures. Uses emulateapj. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Some figures in low resolution
Coherent photogalvanic effect in fluctuating superconductors
Creators: name: Kovalev, V. M.
name: Sonowal, K.
name: Savenko, I. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a theory of the coherent photogalvanic effect (CPGE) in low-dimensional superconductors in the fluctuating regime. It manifests itself in the appearance of a stationary electric current of Cooper pairs under the action of two coherent electromagnetic fields of light with frequencies lying in the sub-terahertz range. We derive the general formula for the electric current density, study the particular cases of linear and circular polarizations of the external light fields, and show that the current might have a non-monotonous spectrum at certain polarization angles and turns out very sensitive to the proximity of the ambient temperature to the critical temperature of superconducting transition: Approaching the critical temperature, the peak in the spectrum becomes narrower, its frequency experiences a redshift, and the intensity of the peak drastically grows.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
European Union Grain Export Practices: Do They Constitute a State Trading Enterprise?
Creators: name: Rude, James
name: Annand, Mel
name: Rude, James
name: Annand, Mel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: State Trading Enterprises
subject: European Union
subject: WTO

description: One of the disciplines for State Trading Enterprises (STEs), with respect to the WTO, is the requirement to notify the WTO of all endeavors that fit the definition of an STE. This study argues that the European Union's system of grain interventions and export refunds fits the WTO's definition of an STE. First, a system of agencies that work together for a common purpose can be considered to be an enterprise. Second, the constituents of Europe's grain intervention enterprise receive exclusive and special rights to export grain. Third, the grain intervention system has decisive voice over the timing, quantity and destination of exports. For these reasons the system should be notified to the WTO as an STE.
Implications of the U.S. Farm Act on Canadian Agriculture
Creators: name: Crummett, Maria De Los Angeles
name: Crummett, Maria De Los Angeles
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: U.S. Farm Bill
subject: U.S.-Canada trade

description: This paper addresses the implications of the U.S. Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 or "Farm Act" for Canadian agriculture. The Farm Act, which is expected to add at least US $45 billion in new price supports over its six-year timeframe, is expected to harm the position of less-subsidized and non-subsidized producers in Canada and other countries. Canadian farm products will be less competitive not only domestically, but also in the U.S. and in third-country markets. Canada will be most affected by subsidies for corn, soybeans, wheat, and pulse crops. New country-of-origin labeling rules under the Farm Act are also expected to be disruptive to Canadian livestock exports. In addressing these issues the paper also explores potential Canadian responses - including filing WTO or NAFTA complaints - as well as the broader implications for U.S.-Canada trade and international cooperation.
MassINC: 2019 Transportation and Climate Regional Survey
Creators: name: MassINC
name: Foundation, The Barr
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Registered to vote (1); President Donald Trump job approval (1); priorities for state government (9); fee for companies that import gasoline into seven state region of Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia (2); use of fees from gasoline companies (9); climate change (1); reasons for climate change (1); seriousness of climate change for your state (1); federal government action to combat air pollution (1); state government action to combat air pollution (1); pollution emitted by sectors of economy in your state (6); awareness of Transportation and Climate Initiative (1); awareness of Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (1); modes of travel (1); average one way commute (1).
The ResiRole server to enable assessments of structure prediction techniques using functional site predictions
Creators: name: Toth, Joshua
name: DePietro, Paul
name: Juergen Haas
name: McLaughlin, William
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: The Continuous Automated Model Evaluation (CAMEO) platform, https://www.cameo3d.org/, presents the results of protein structure predictions generated by the hosted structure prediction servers for prerelease sequences from the Protein Data Bank, https://www.rcsb.org/. Here we describe the ResiRole server, http://protein.som.geisinger.edu/ResiRole/, for the assessment of structure models available through CAMEO regarding their abilities to have functional site predictions like those at corresponding sites in their experimentally determined reference structures. The results are presented as average difference scores per structure prediction technique and per structure model, where each difference score is defined as the absolute difference in the cumulative probability of the functional site prediction in the reference structure and that at the corresponding site in the structure model. Results are accessible according to target difficulty based on lDDT score ranges. The difference score is compared to other metrics for estimating structure model quality which use the reference structures for bases and is found to be a complementary and informative quality metric. For example, when using difference scores as the benchmark, we find that the quality of structure models produced by NaiveBLAST is, on average, underestimated. The results indicate that NaiveBLAST models may contain more information about local functional site predictions than previously estimated. Support for this project was partly provided by NIGMS [grant number 5U01 GM093324-02].
Latina Microenterprise and the U.S.-Mexico Border Economy
Creators: name: Robles, Barbara J.
name: Robles, Barbara J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: bicultural skills
subject: microenterprise
subject: transnational trade
subject: transparency

description: The number of U.S. Latina-owned small businesses and microenterprises increased at a rapid clip during the 1990s. An astonishing growth rate of 232 percent between 1988 and 1997 in Latino-owned businesses was reported by the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA, 1998). Self-employment rates among Latinas in the United States increased two-fold during the time period from 1990 to 2000 (Census Bureau, 2001). According to estimates there are more than two million microentrepreneurs in the United States (Grameen Foundation USA, 2002; Aspen Institute, 2000). Almost ten million people live along the U.S.-Mexico border. Mexico is the United States' second-largest trading partner, accounting for US $262 billion in two-way trade in 2000 (Department of Commerce, 2002). This study explores the incidence of microenterprise growth in the U.S.-Mexico border economy. I present a case study of a Latina-owned microenterprise engaged in business activities that include transnational trade arrangements with Mexico and other Latin American countries. From this study, a variety of policy issues emerge that affect the ease of trade arrangements and that relate to the growth of microenterprises as a potential poverty-reduction initiative along the U.S.-Mexico border.
Food Safety Information and Food Demand - Effects of Temporary and Permanent News
Creators: name: Smed, Sinne
name: Jensen, Jorgen Dejgaard
name: Smed, Sinne
name: Jensen, Jorgen Dejgaard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: salmonella
subject: news
subject: egg demand
subject: error correction model
subject: socio-economic groups

description: This paper examines the cross-impacts of food safety news concerning one product on the demand for another product, using the Danish demand for pasteurized eggs versus shell eggs as an illustrative case. The study identifies news with a temporary impact and news with a permanent impact on consumers' food demand behavior. The techniques used to identify the permanent versus temporary news are recursive estimation and parameter stability. Whereas "permanent" news is identified to be represented by a specific individual event, "temporary" news concerning salmonella in eggs is aggregated into a news-index variable. Both temporary and permanent news concerning salmonella in shell eggs appear to have significant positive impacts on the demand for pasteurized eggs. The model is estimated as an Error Correction Model. Consumers are found to adjust quite rapidly to both temporary and permanent news. Both the composition of egg consumption accounted as mean budget shares varies across socio-demographic household groups as well as the impact of the considered permanent news.
Hot Corinos Chemical Diversity: Myth or Reality?
Creators: name: De Simone, Marta
name: Ceccarelli, Cecilia
name: Codella, Claudio
name: Svoboda, Brian E.
name: Chandler, Claire
name: Bouvier, Mathilde
name: Yamamoto, Satoshi
name: Sakai, Nami
name: Caselli, Paola
name: Favre, Cecile
name: Loinard, Laurent
name: Lefloch, Bertrand
name: Liu, Hauyu Baobab
name: López-Sepulcre, Ana
name: Pineda, Jaime E.
name: Taquet, Vianney
name: Testi, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After almost 20 years of hunting, only about a dozen hot corinos, hot regions enriched in interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs), are known. Of them, many are binary systems with the two components showing drastically different molecular spectra. Two obvious questions arise. Why are hot corinos so difficult to find and why do their binary components seem chemically different? The answer to both questions could be a high dust opacity that would hide the molecular lines. To test this hypothesis, we observed methanol lines at centimeter wavelengths, where dust opacity is negligible, using the Very Large Array interferometer. We targeted the NGC 1333 IRAS 4A binary system, for which one of the two components, 4A1, has a spectrum deprived of iCOMs lines when observed at millimeter wavelengths, while the other component, 4A2, is very rich in iCOMs. We found that centimeter methanol lines are similarly bright toward 4A1 and 4A2. Their non-LTE analysis indicates gas density and temperature ($\geq2\times10^6$ cm$^{-3}$ and 100--190 K), methanol column density ($\sim10^{19}$ cm$^{-2}$) and extent ($\sim$35 au in radius) similar in 4A1 and 4A2, proving that both are hot corinos. Furthermore, the comparison with previous methanol line millimeter observations allows us to estimate the optical depth of the dust in front of 4A1 and 4A2, respectively. The obtained values explain the absence of iCOMs line emission toward 4A1 at millimeter wavelengths and indicate that the abundances toward 4A2 are underestimated by $\sim$30\%. Therefore, centimeter observations are crucial for the correct study of hot corinos, their census, and their molecular abundances.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 2 Tables - Published in ApJ Letters
Turbulent Friction in Rough Pipes and the Energy Spectrum of the Phenomenological Theory
Creators: name: Gioia, G.
name: Chakraborty, Pinaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical experiments on turbulent friction in rough pipes were performed by J. Nikuradse in the 1930's. Seventy years later, they continue to defy theory. Here we model Nikuradse's experiments using the phenomenological theory of Kolmogórov, a theory that is widely thought to be applicable only to highly idealized flows. Our results include both the empirical scalings of Blasius and Strickler, and are otherwise in minute qualitative agreement with the experiments; they suggest that the phenomenological theory may be relevant to other flows of practical interest; and they unveil the existence of close ties between two milestones of experimental and theoretical turbulence.
description: Accepted for publication in PRL; 4 pages, 4 figures; revised version
Social Benefits of Multifunctional Agriculture in Finland
Creators: name: Yrjola, Tapani
name: Kola, Jukka
name: Yrjola, Tapani
name: Kola, Jukka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: multifunctional agriculture
subject: non-market benefits
subject: externalities
subject: cost-benefit analysis
subject: Finland

description: This study aims at assessing the costs and benefits of multifunctional agriculture, and it is one of the very first studies using a quantitative approach to this new subject. The starting point is that if current farm subsidies are regarded as means to maintain the multifunctional characteristics of agriculture, what happens if subsidies are reduced. The effects of the decline in agricultural support on multifunctional characteristics of agriculture in Finland are estimated using the cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Only a part of the consequences can be assessed by the CBA due to lack of data on the economic value of many elements of multifunctional agriculture. Hence, the results should not be generalised too strongly, but they still provide useful information for the political decision-making. Concerning further research, we should study, inter alia, what the so-called correct level of compensation for the adequate supply of public goods would be, and what kind of means of agricultural policy are the most efficient to unambiguously enhance the multifunctional character of agriculture.
Modeling quantitative traits for COVID-19 case reports
Creators: name: Queralt-Rosinach, Núria
name: Bello, Susan
name: Hoehndorf, Robert
name: Weiland, Claus
name: Rocca-Serra, Philippe
name: Schofield, Paul
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: Novel diseases like COVID-19 stress how important is efficient and timely access to data and knowledge for healthcare management and research. In Case Report Forms (CRFs), clinicians monitor biomolecular concentrations, signs, and symptoms from patients to make diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. One problem is how to interpret patient Quantitative Traits (QT), and link to their significance at a phenotypic conceptual level. The Life Science community has been developing different ontologies to represent from molecular biology to disease phenotypes and bridge knowledge between these domains. The Clinical Measurement Ontology (CMO) [1] is designed to encode measurement data generated from clinical, research and health records. However, there is still the need to link this quantitative measurement standard to phenotypic ontologies.
In this poster we described our work on efficiently connecting these different pieces of information, reasoning over it and sharing it, by:
• Linkinig quantitative and qualitative traits
• Modeling machine-readable quantitative traits
in order to aid clinical researchers.
2+1 Dimensional Georgi-Glashow Instantons in Weyl Gauge
Creators: name: Dunne, Gerald V.
name: Khemani, Vishesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semiclassical instanton solutions in the 3D SU(2) Georgi-Glashow model are transformed into the Weyl gauge. This illustrates the tunneling interpretation of these instantons and provides a smooth regularization of the singular unitary gauge. The 3D Georgi-Glashow model has both instanton and sphaleron solutions, in contrast to 3D Yang-Mills theory which has neither, and 4D Yang-Mills theory which has instantons but no sphaleron, and 4D electroweak theory which has a sphaleron but no instantons. We also discuss the spectral flow picture of fundamental fermions in a Georgi-Glashow instanton background.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, revtex4; v2 - references and comments added
Semi-Parametric Modeling of Investments in Energy Installations
Creators: name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Pietola, Kyosti
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Pietola, Kyosti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Investments
subject: horticulture
subject: semi-parametric estimation

description: This paper applies a semi-parametric approach to estimating a generalised model of investments in energy installations. The model accounts for irreversibility and lumpiness of investments by linking a parametric specification of the unobservable dynamic shadow price to observed investment behaviour using a non-parametric specification of the adjustment cost function. The results suggest that marginal costs of investments in energy installations increase quickly at small investment levels, whereas the increase slows down at higher investment levels. Therefore, standard parametric adjustment cost models are likely biased such that they over-estimate small investments and under-estimate large investments.
Modeling quantitative traits for COVID-19 case reports
Creators: name: Rosinach, Núria Queralt
name: Bello, Susan
name: Hoehndorf, Robert
name: Weiland, Claus
name: Rocca-Serra, Philippe
name: Schofield, Paul
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: Medical practitioners record the condition status of a patient through qualitative and quantitative observations. The measurement of vital signs and molecular parameters in the clinics gives a complementary description of abnormal phenotypes associated with the progression of a disease. The Clinical Measurement Ontology (CMO) is used to standardize annotations of these measurable traits. However, researchers have no way to describe how these quantitative traits relate to phenotype concepts in a machine-readable manner. Using the WHO clinical case report form standard for the COVID-19 pandemic, we modeled quantitative traits and developed OWL axioms to formally relate clinical measurement terms with anatomical, biomolecular entities and phenotypes annotated with the Uber-anatomy ontology (Uberon), Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) and the Phenotype and Trait Ontology (PATO) biomedical ontologies. The formal description of these relations allows interoperability between clinical and biological descriptions, and facilitates automated reasoning for analysis of patterns over quantitative and qualitative biomedical observations.
Agricultural Policy Influence Upon the Economic Behaviour of Rural Households
Creators: name: Rusu, Marioara
name: Rusu, Marioara
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: rural household
subject: economic behaviour
subject: agricultural policy
subject: Romania

description: The deep transformations brought about by the progressive and steady commitment of Romanian economy to the market economy have determined, among others, the modification of the role and status of rural household in the economic activity. Rural household changed from a simple participant, constrained to act in a certain way under a centralised, equalising and levelling system during the communist period, to a participant that carries out its activity in a competing environment in which initiative, creativity and efficiency are defining elements. Based on field surveys conducted at national level, the present paper intends to identify the evolution of economic behaviours specific to rural households under the influence of agricultural policy measures in the period 1997-2000. The conclusions of this study reveal that in this period, most of rural households operated under a subsistence system, according to an economic rationality in which market economy mechanism are lacking. However, the economic picture is far from being a homogeneous one: the emergence of a nucleus of agricultural entrepreneurs, i.e. those who assume the risk of shifting from subsistence to competitive agriculture, those who are trying to turn the peasant household into a farm managed on the capitalist principles, has induced new economic behaviours in the rural communities.
Form factors in relativistic quantum mechanics approaches and space-time translation invariance
Creators: name: Desplanques, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Invariance of form factors under Lorentz boosts is a criterion often advocated to determine whether their estimate in a RQM framework is reliable. It is shown that verifying relations stemming from covariance properties under space-time translations could be a more important criterion. Form factors calculated in different approaches for a simple system are discussed with these various respects. An approximate method is shown to remove the main discrepancies related to a violation of the above relations.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the conference (World Scientific)
Emergency department palliative care pathway evaluation
Creators: name: Boyle, Susan J.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of an emergency department (ED) based palliative care program, with respect to its impact on healthcare utilization.Methodology: A retrospective chart review utilizing the Re-Aim framework was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of a palliative care (PC) program initiated in the emergency department of a tertiary academic healthcare center in the northeastern United States. This pilot study reviewed the charts of 100 patients with a life-limiting serious illness and compared the outcomes of patients who received a PC referral in the ED (n=50) versus a similar number (n=50) who did not receive a PC referral in the ED. The outcomes examined included hospital length of stay (LOS), critical care LOS, number of specialty consults, number of advanced procedures (arterial line, central line, intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation), referral to hospice and 30-day readmissions.Results: Patients with a life-limiting diagnosis who received a referral to PC in the ED had significantly lower healthcare utilization rates, increased change in code status, increased time on the palliative care floor and increased referral to hospice than the control group (p < .05). Implications for practice: This outcomes evaluation shows the impact of an ED-based PC program, supports the current nurse-driven ED initiative, and forms the basis for future program improvements.
21. Measuring exoplanet radii
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: An accurate exoplanet radius, together with its mass, yields the planet's mean density, and a broad categorisation of its nature. Combined with periods and host star properties, this leads to great insights into both the physics of planetary atmospheres and interiors, and the physics of planet formation and evolution. Gaia is transforming the field.
Measuring the photon distribution by ON/OFF photodectors
Creators: name: Genovese, M.
name: Gramegna, M.
name: Brida, G.
name: Bondani, M.
name: Zambra, G.
name: Andreoni, A.
name: Rossi, A. R.
name: Paris, M. G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reconstruction of photon statistics of optical states provide fundamental information on the nature of any optical field and find various relevant applications. Nevertheless, no detector that can reliably discriminate the number of incident photons is available. On the other hand the alternative of reconstructing density matrix by quantum tomography leads to various technical difficulties that are particular severe in the pulsed regime (where mode matching between signal an local oscillator is very challenging). Even if on/off detectors, as usual avalanche PhotoDiodes operating in Geiger mode, seem useless as photocounters, recently it was shown how reconstruction of photon statistics is possible by considering a variable quantum efficiency. Here we present experimental reconstructions of photon number distributions of both continuous-wave and pulsed light beams in a scheme based on on/off avalanche photodetection assisted by maximum-likelihood estimation. Reconstructions of the distribution for both semiclassical and quantum states of light (as single photon, coherent, pseudothermal and multithermal states) are reported for single-mode as well as for multimode beams. The stability and good accuracy obtained in the reconstruction of these states clearly demonstrate the interesting potentialities of this simple technique.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, to appear on Laser Physics
A Demand System Analysis of Food for Poor and Non Poor Households. The Case of Argentina
Creators: name: Berges, Miriam E.
name: Casellas, Karina S.
name: Berges, Miriam E.
name: Casellas, Karina S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Demand System
subject: Censored Sample
subject: Own-Price and Income Elasticities
subject: Poverty Status

description: The purpose of this paper is to provide some microeconomics tools to discuss and evaluate public policies that imply transfers of income from the public sector to the poor and their impact on their food demand and calories and nutrient intakes. This study is concerned with the differences in subsistence expenditures, own-price elasticities and income elasticities for two households groups segmented by income: those people below the poverty guideline and those above it. The attention of our research is focused on a demand system for all food groups included in a National Consumption Survey and examines the household food consumption behavior by partitioning the sample. A complete system of demand equations, the Linear Expenditure System (LES), has been used due to its relative empirical expediency. Some additional econometric techniques to correct the bias in the parameter estimates were also applied because of the large number of zero observations in the data. Preliminary estimations following the procedure suggested in the Park et al. (1996) paper, gave some results that they were not as good as we expected and we finally use an alternative one based on Shonkwiler and Yen (1999).
Supplementary Materials from New Middle Miocene Ape (primates: Hylobatidae) from Ramnagar, India fills major gaps in the hominoid fossil record
Creators: name: Gilbert, Christopher C.
name: Ortiz, Alejandra
name: Pugh, Kelsey D.
name: Campisano, Christopher J.
name: Biren A. Patel
name: Ningthoujam Premjit Singh
name: Fleagle, John G.
name: Patnaik, Rajeev
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: Supplementary Materials Main Document
3D model of widely tunable automated microwave filter cavity
Creators: name: Sauerwein, Nick
name: Joshi, Yash J.
name: Youssefi, Amir
name: Uhrich, Philipp
name: Kippenberg, Tobias J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The file is a technical drawing of a microwave filter cavity whose resonance frequency and coupling can be tuned with two motors. In combination with a circulator, the cavity can be used to reduce the noise of microwave sources close to the carrier down to a detuning of 0.5 MHz. The properties of the filter cavity are discussed in our recent publication (https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0034696). The code for the control and optimization can be found in a GitHub repository (https://github.com/yash-jo/filtcav-code).
Some root invariants at the prime 2
Creators: name: Behrens, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55Q45, 55Q51, 55T15

description: The first part of this paper consists of lecture notes which summarize the machinery of filtered root invariants. A conceptual notion of "homotopy Greek letter element" is also introduced, and evidence is presented that it may be related to the root invariant. In the second part we compute some low dimensional root invariants of v_1-periodic elements at the prime 2.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology Monographs on 29 January 2007
Long-term Financing in European Agribusiness Cooperatives: Emerging Methods for Ameliorating Investment Constraints
Creators: name: Iliopoulos, Constantine
name: Iliopoulos, Constantine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agribusiness co-operatives
subject: Investment constraints
subject: Structural equation model

description: During recent years, dramatic changes in the world food system have led to unprecedented competition between agribusiness firms. To compete in this environment, agricultural cooperatives should invest substantially in long-term activities such as R&D and advertisement. Co-operatives have a difficult problem in acquiring equity capital because the residual claimant (benefactor) is the patron of the firm, not the investor. This organizational design poses to cooperatives three investment constraints: a) the free rider problem, b) the horizon problem, and c) the portfolio problem. Empirical analysis utilizing a latent variable structural equation model and a large dual response survey suggests that in the U.S. member-patrons are more likely to invest in co-operatives which adopt well defined property rights policies and structures than traditional co-operatives characterized by vaguely-defined property right structures. Agribusiness co-operatives in the European Union are gradually adopting long-term financing methods that possess one or more of the characteristics found in successful U.S. "New Generation Cooperatives." However, it seems that they have paid less attention in designing their organizational structures (e.g., membership policies). This may inhibit their efforts to gain a competitive advantage over investor-owned firms.
Extensive Study of a Coronal Mass Ejection with UV and WL coronagraphs: the need for multi-wavelength observations
Creators: name: Ying, Beili
name: Bemporad, Alessandro
name: Feng, Li
name: Lu, Lei
name: Gan, Weiqun
name: Li, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) often show different features in different band-passes. By combining data in white-light (WL) and ultraviolet (UV) bands, we have applied different techniques to derive plasma temperatures, electron density, internal radial speed, etc, within a fast CME. They serve as extensive tests of the diagnostic capabilities, developed for the observations provided by future multi-channel coronagraphs (such as Solar Orbiter/Metis, ASO-S/LST, PROBA-3/ASPIICS). The involved data include WL images acquired by SOHO/LASCO coronagraphs, and intensities measured by SOHO/UVCS at 2.45 R$_{\odot}$ in the UV (H I Ly$α$ and O VI 1032 {AA} lines) and WL channels. Data from the UVCS WL channel have been employed for the first time to measure the CME position angle with polarization-ratio technique. Plasma electron and effective temperatures of the CME core and void are estimated by combining UV and WL data. Due to the CME expansion and the possible existence of prominence segments, the transit of the CME core results in decreases of the electron temperature down to $10^{5}$ K. The front is observed as a significant dimming in the Ly$α$ intensity, associated with a line broadening due to plasma heating and flows along the line-of-sight. The 2D distribution of plasma speeds within the CME body is reconstructed from LASCO images and employed to constrain the Doppler dimming of Ly$α$ line, and simulate future CME observations by Metis and LST.
description: Accepted by ApJ, 22 pages, 12 figures