cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mushroom Body Extrinsic Neurons in Walking Bumblebees Correlate With Behavioral States but Not With Spatial Parameters During Exploratory Behavior
Creators: name: Jin, Nanxiang
name: Paffhausen, Benjamin H.
name: Duer, Aron
name: Menzel, Randolf
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: bumblebee
subject: mushroom body extrinsic neurons
subject: behavioral states
subject: exploratory behavior
subject: artificial arena environment
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Central place foraging insects like honeybees and bumblebees learn to navigate efficiently between nest and feeding site. Essential components of this behavior can be moved to the laboratory. A major component of navigational learning is the active exploration of the test arena. These conditions have been used here to search for neural correlates of exploratory walking in the central arena (ground), and thigmotactic walking in the periphery (slope). We chose mushroom body extrinsic neurons (MBENs) because of their learning-related plasticity and their multi-modal sensitivities that may code relevant parameters in a brain state-dependent way. Our aim was to test whether MBENs code space-related components or are more involved in state-dependent processes characterizing exploration and thigmotaxis. MBENs did not respond selectively to body directions or locations. Their spiking activity differently correlated with walking speed depending on the animals' locations: on the ground, reflecting exploration, or on the slope, reflecting thigmotaxis. This effect depended on walking speed in different ways for different animals. We then asked whether these effects depended on spatial parameters or on the two states, exploration and thigmotaxis. Significant epochs of stable changes in spiking did not correlate with restricted locations in the arena, body direction, or walking transitions between ground and slope. We thus conclude that the walking speed dependencies are caused by the two states, exploration and thigmotaxis, rather than by spatial parameters.
Primordial Black Holes from the inflating curvaton
Creators: name: Kohri, Kazunori
name: Lin, Chia-Min
name: Matsuda, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The primordial black hole (PBH) formation is studied in light of the inflating curvaton. The typical scale of the PBH formation is determined by curvaton inflation, which may generate PBH with $10^{14}\mathrm{g}\le M_\mathrm{PBH}\le 10^{38}\mathrm{g}$ when curvaton inflation gives the number of e-foldings $5\leq N_2\leq 38$. The non-Gaussianity of the inflating curvaton does not prevent the PBH formation.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in PRD
Linear Magnetoelectric Effect by Orbital Magnetism
Creators: name: Scaramucci, Andrea
name: Bousquet, Eric
name: Fechner, Michael
name: Mostovoy, Maxim
name: Spaldin, Nicola A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use symmetry analysis and first principles calculations to show that the linear magnetoelectric effect can originate from the response of orbital magnetic moments to the polar distortions induced by an applied electric field. Using LiFePO4 as a model compound we show that spin-orbit coupling partially lifts the quenching of the 3d orbitals and causes small orbital magnetic moments ($μ_{(L)}\approx 0.3 μ_B$) parallel to the spins of the Fe$^{2+}$ ions. An applied electric field $\mathbf{E}$ modifies the size of these orbital magnetic moments inducing a net magnetization linear in $\mathbf{E}$.
description: 5 pages and 2 figures, plus 3 pages and 1 figure of supplementary material; 1 section added in supplementary material, 1 additional author, 1 reference updated
Lead monoxide $α$-PbO: electronic properties and point defect formation
Creators: name: Berashevich, J.
name: Semeniuk, O.
name: Rubel, O.
name: Rowlands, J. A.
name: Reznik, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic properties of polycrystalline lead oxide consisting of a network of single-crystalline $α$-PbO platelets and the formation of the native point defects in $α$-PbO crystal lattice are studied using first principles calculations. The $α$-PbO lattice consists of coupled layers interaction between which is too low to produce high efficiency interlayer charge transfer. In practice, the polycrystalline nature of $α$-PbO causes the formation of lattice defects in such a high concentration that defect-related conductivity becomes the dominant factor in the interlayer charge transition. We found that the formation energy for the O vacancies is low, such vacancies are occupied by two electrons in the zero charge state and tend to donate their electrons to the Pb vacancies that leads to ionization of both vacancies.The vacancies introduce localized states in the band gap which can affect charge transport. The O vacancy forms a defect state at 1.03 eV above the valence band which can act as a deep trap for electrons, while the Pb vacancy forms a shallow trap for holes located just 0.1 eV above the valence band. Charge de-trapping from O vacancies can be accounted for the experimentally found dark current decay in ITO/PbO/Au structures.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
TURKISTОN АVTОNОM SОVЕT SОTSIАLISTIK RЕSPUBLIKАSINING IQTISОDIY TАRIXI TАRIXSHUNОSLIGI
Creators: name: Mеlibоyеv, А.А.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: ushbu tеzisdа Turkistоn АSSRdа 1918-1924-yillаr оrаlig‘idа yuz bеrgаn iqtisоdiy jаrаyоnlаr tаhlili vа tаrixshunоsligigа оid ilmiy аsоslаngаn fikrlаr kеltirilgаn. Mаvzu sоvеt dаvri vа mustаqillik yillаridа yаrаtilgаn tаdqiqоtlаr аsоsidа yоritib bеrilgаn.
Physical conditions in the gas phases of the giant HII region LMC-N11 unveiled by Herschel - I. Diffuse [CII] and [OIII] emission in LMC-N11B
Creators: name: Lebouteiller, V.
name: Cormier, D.
name: Madden, S. C.
name: Galliano, F.
name: Indebetouw, R.
name: Abel, N.
name: Sauvage, M.
name: Hony, S.
name: Contursi, A.
name: Poglitsch, A.
name: Remy, A.
name: Sturm, E.
name: Wu, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) The Magellanic Clouds provide a nearby laboratory for metal-poor dwarf galaxies. The low dust abundance enhances the penetration of UV photons into the interstellar medium (ISM), resulting in a relatively larger filling factor of the ionized gas. Furthermore, there is likely a hidden molecular gas reservoir probed by the [CII]157um line. We present Herschel/PACS maps in several tracers, [CII], [OI]63um,145um, [NII]122um, [NIII]57um, and [OIII]88um in the HII region N11B in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Halpha and [OIII]5007A images were used as complementary data to investigate the effect of dust extinction. Observations were interpreted with photoionization models to infer the gas conditions and estimate the ionized gas contribution to the [CII] emission. Photodissociation regions (PDRs) are probed through polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We first study the distribution and properties of the ionized gas. We then constrain the origin of [CII]157um by comparing to tracers of the low-excitation ionized gas and of PDRs. [OIII] is dominated by extended emission from the high-excitation diffuse ionized gas; it is the brightest far-infrared line, ~4 times brighter than [CII]. The extent of the [OIII] emission suggests that the medium is rather fragmented, allowing far-UV photons to permeate into the ISM to scales of >30pc. Furthermore, by comparing [CII] with [NII], we find that 95% of [CII] arises in PDRs, except toward the stellar cluster for which as much as 15% could arise in the ionized gas. We find a remarkable correlation between [CII]+[OI] and PAH emission, with [CII] dominating the cooling in diffuse PDRs and [OI] dominating in the densest PDRs. The combination of [CII] and [OI] provides a proxy for the total gas cooling in PDRs. Our results suggest that PAH emission describes better the PDR gas heating as compared to the total infrared emission.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Fixed inverted line ratio in Sect. 5.2
LMXB populations in galaxy outskirts: globular clusters and supernova kicks
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhongli
name: Gilfanov, Marat
name: Bogdan, Akos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the first time, we have systematically explored the population of discrete X-ray sources in the outskirts of early-type galaxies. Based on a broad sample of 20 galaxies observed with Chandra we detected overdensity of X-ray sources in their outskirts. The overdensity appears as halos of resolved sources around the galaxies. These halos are broader than the stellar light, extending out to at least ~ 10 Re (Re is the effective radius). These halos are composed of sources fainter than ~5E38 erg/s, whereas the more luminous sources appear to follow the distribution of the stellar light, suggesting that the excess source population consists of neutron star binaries. Dividing the galaxy sample into four groups according to their stellar mass and specific frequency of globular clusters, we find that the extended halos are present in all groups except for the low-mass galaxies with low globular cluster content. We propose that the extended halos may be comprised of two independent components, low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) located in globular clusters (GCs), which are known to have a wider distribution than the stellar light, and neutron star (NS) LMXBs kicked out of the main body of the parent galaxy by supernova explosions. The available deep optical and X-ray data of NGC 4365 support this conclusion. For this galaxy we identified 60.1+/-10.8 excess sources in the 4-10 Re region of which ~ 40% are located in GCs, whereas ~ 60% are field LMXBs. We interpret the latter as kicked NS LMXBs. We discuss the implications of these results for the natal kick distributions of black holes and neutron stars.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics
A. Meyer (Hg.), Der Blick des Besatzers. Propagandaphotographie der Wehrmacht aus Marseille 1942-1944, 1999 (É. Alary) ; J. Laloum, Les Juifs dans la banlieu parisienne, des années 20 aux années 50. Montreuil, Bagnolet et Vincennes à l'heure de la 'Solution finale'. Préface d'A. Kaspi, 1998
Creators: name: Weiss, C.
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 28 Nr. 3 (2001)
Pitching Gender in a Racist Tune: The Affective Publics of the #120decibel Campaign
Creators: name: Adlung, Shari
name: Lünenborg, Margreth
name: Raetzsch, Christoph
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: #120decibel
subject: affective publics
subject: dissonant public spheres
subject: feminism
subject: Germany
subject: hashjacking
subject: migration
subject: racism
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen::073 Journalismus und Zeitungen in Mitteleuropa; in Deutschland

description: This article analyses the changed structures, actors and modes of communication that characterise ‘dissonant public spheres.’ With the #120decibel campaign by the German Identitarian Movement in 2018, gender and migration were pitched in a racist tune, absorbing feminist concerns and positions into neo-nationalistic, misogynist and xenophobic propaganda. The article examines the case of #120decibel as an instance of ‘affective publics’ (Lünenborg, 2019a) where forms of feminist protest and emancipatory hashtag activism are absorbed by anti-migration campaigners. Employing the infrastructure and network logics of social media platforms, the campaign gained public exposure and sought political legitimacy through strategies of dissonance, in which a racial solidarity against the liberal state order was formed. Parallel structures of networking and echo-chamber amplification were established, where right-wing media articulate fringe positions in an attempt to protect the rights of white women to be safe in public spaces. #120decibel is analysed and discussed here as characteristic of the ambivalent role and dynamics of affective publics in societies challenged by an increasing number of actors forming an alliance on anti-migration issues based on questionable feminist positions.
Accessing baryon to meson transition distribution amplitudes in meson production in association with a high invariant mass lepton pair at GSI-FAIR with PANDA
Creators: name: Lansberg, J. P.
name: Pire, B.
name: Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K.
name: Szymanowski, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nucleon antinucleon annihilation into a near backward (or forward) produced meson and a high invariant mass lepton pair admits a factorized description in terms of antinucleon (or nucleon) distribution amplitudes and nucleon to meson (or antinucleon to meson) transition distribution amplitudes. We estimate the cross section of backward (and forward) pion and eta meson production in association with a high invariant mass lepton pair for the kinematical conditions of GSI-FAIR. The cross sections are found to be large enough to be measured with the PANDA detector. Interesting phenomenological applications of the approach are thus expected.
description: Revised version, 32 pages, 10 figures
Evidence for reduced immune gene diversity and activity during the evolution of termites
Creators: name: He, Shulin
name: Sieksmeyer, Thorben
name: Che, Yanli
name: Mora, M. Alejandra Esparza
name: Stiblik, Petr
name: Banasiak, Ronald
name: Harrison, Mark C.
name: Sobotnik, Jan
name: Johnston, Paul R.
name: McMahon, Dino P.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: social insect
subject: subsocial
subject: cockroach
subject: major transition
subject: contraction
subject: expansion
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The evolution of biological complexity is associated with the emergence of bespoke immune systems that maintain and protect organism integrity. Unlike the well-studied immune systems of cells and individuals, little is known about the origins of immunity during the transition to eusociality, a major evolutionary transition comparable to the evolution of multicellular organisms from single-celled ancestors. We aimed to tackle this by characterizing the immune gene repertoire of 18 cockroach and termite species, spanning the spectrum of solitary, subsocial and eusocial lifestyles. We find that key transitions in termite sociality are correlated with immune gene family contractions. In cross-species comparisons of immune gene expression, we find evidence for a caste-specific social defence system in termites, which appears to operate at the expense of individual immune protection. Our study indicates that a major transition in organismal complexity may have entailed a fundamental reshaping of the immune system optimized for group over individual defence.
Semillero de investigación Casa Hija UNAL Amazonia
Creators: name: Echeverri, Juan Alvaro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Casa Hija es el nombre de la maloca del campus de la sede Amazonia de la Universidad Nacional. La historia de la Casa Hija es la historia de cómo se ha ido plantando una palabra indígena en el campus universitario, y lo que eso significa para otra universidad posible, un aula -mambeadero, un espacio de formación tejido en el territorio natural y social.

Este semillero es la formalización de un semillero de pensamiento que surgió de los estudiantes indígenas en la universidad desde 2004 y que se concretó en una maloca en el año 2008, donde surgieron los círculos de la palabra. Estos círculos de la palabra se reanudaron en 2017 con la reconstrucción de la maloca, que vino a llamarse como 'Casa Hija'. La Casa Hija y los círculos de la palabra han servido de espacios para actividades de investigación, docencia y extensión. Allí han participado profesores, estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado de la sede, estudiantes pasantes de otras universidades y de otras sedes de la Universidad Nacional, indígenas y todo tipo de visitantes.

La Casa Hija tiene la forma de una maloca indígena, pero sin serlo realmente, y está dentro de los predios de la universidad sin ser un aula. Su estructura física y su uso temporal señalan hacia otra configuración territorial del espacio-tiempo, que posibilita nuevas modalidades de las relaciones de la Universidad con la sociedad regional y el territorio. Esta pequeña estructura es un embrión de otra universidad posible.La formalización de este espacio como semillero de investigación busca hacer crecer su potencial y ser la base de nuevos proyectos que involucren los grupos de investigación de la sede, las comunidades indígenas y los estudiantes y profesores. Entre ellos se encuentran la creación de un repositorio de las lenguas indígenas de la Amazonia, la creación de una Cátedra Amazónica y la formulación de un programa de pregrado dirigido a la población indígena y rural de la Amazonia colombiana.
"Strongly interacting matter in magnetic fields": an overview
Creators: name: Kharzeev, Dmitri E.
name: Landsteiner, Karl
name: Schmitt, Andreas
name: Yee, Ho-Ung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is an introduction to the volume of Lecture Notes in Physics on "Strongly interacting matter in magnetic fields". The volume combines contributions written by a number of experts on different aspects of the problem. The response of QCD matter to intense magnetic fields has attracted a lot of interest recently. On the theoretical side, this interest stems from the possibility to explore the plethora of novel phenomena arising from the interplay of magnetic field with QCD dynamics. On the experimental side, the interest is motivated by the recent results on the behavior of quark-gluon plasma in a strong magnetic field created in relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. The purpose of this introduction is to provide a brief overview and a guide to the individual contributions where these topics are covered in detail.
description: 12 pages, introduction to "Strongly interacting matter in magnetic fields", Lect. Notes Phys. 871, 1 (2013), edited by D. Kharzeev, K. Landsteiner, A. Schmitt, H.-U. Yee; v2: references updated
Drivers of spatio-temporal variation in mosquito submissions to the citizen science project ‘Mückenatlas’
Creators: name: Pernat, Nadja
name: Kampen, Helge
name: Ruland, Florian
name: Jeschke, Jonathan M.
name: Werner, Doreen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biodiversity
subject: Climate-change ecology
subject: Community ecology
subject: Invasive species
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Intensified travel activities of humans and the ever growing global trade create opportunities of arthropod-borne disease agents and their vectors, such as mosquitoes, to establish in new regions. To update the knowledge of mosquito occurrence and distribution, a national mosquito monitoring programme was initiated in Germany in 2011, which has been complemented by a citizen science project, the ‘Mückenatlas’ since 2012. We analysed the ‘Mückenatlas’ dataset to (1) investigate causes of variation in submission numbers from the start of the project until 2017 and to (2) reveal biases induced by opportunistic data collection. Our results show that the temporal variation of submissions over the years is driven by fluctuating topicality of mosquito-borne diseases in the media and large-scale climate conditions. Hurdle models suggest a positive association of submission numbers with human population, catch location in the former political East Germany and the presence of water bodies, whereas precipitation and wind speed are negative predictors. We conclude that most anthropogenic and environmental effects on submission patterns are associated with the participants’ (recording) behaviour. Understanding how the citizen scientists’ behaviour shape opportunistic datasets help to take full advantage of the available information.
Spin Qubit Relaxation in a Moving Quantum Dot
Creators: name: Huang, Peihao
name: Hu, Xuedong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-range quantum communication for spin qubits is an important open problem. Here we study decoherence of an electron spin qubit that is being transported in a moving quantum dot. We focus on spin decoherence due to spin-orbit interaction and a random electric potential. We find that at the lowest order, the motion induces longitudinal spin relaxation, with a rate linear in the dot velocity. Our calculated spin relaxation time ranges from sub $μ$s in GaAs to above ms in Si, making this relaxation a significant decoherence channel. Our results also give clear indications on how to reduce the decoherence effect of electron motion.
description: 7 pages and 3 figures
Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes von Laserscan-Daten zur Erfassung von Kulturlandschaftsrelikten : Beispiele der Visualisierung aus dem westlichen Hunsrück
Creators: name: Lang, Timo
Publisher: name: Funde und Ausgrabungen im Bezirk Trier
Year: 2019

description: Funde und Ausgrabungen im Bezirk Trier, Bd. 47 (2015): Funde und Ausgrabungen im Bezirk Trier : Aus der Arbeit des Rheinischen Landesmuseums Trier
Dynamic cooling strategy based on individual animal response mitigated heat stress in dairy cows
Creators: name: Levit, H.
name: Pinto, Severino
name: Amon, Thomas
name: Gershon, E.
name: Kleinjan-Elazary, A.
name: Bloch, V.
name: Ben Meir, Y. A.
name: Portnik, Y.
name: Jacoby, S.
name: Arnin, A.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Body temperature
subject: Bolus
subject: Global warming
subject: Precision livestock farming
subject: Sensor
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Technological progress enables individual cow's temperatures to be measured in real time, using a bolus sensor inserted into the rumen (reticulorumen). However, current cooling systems often work at a constant schedule based on the ambient temperature and not on monitoring the animal itself. This study hypothesized that tailoring the cooling management to the cow's thermal reaction can mitigate heat stress. We propose a dynamic cooling system based on in vivo temperature sensors (boluses). Thus, cooling can be activated as needed and is thus most efficacious. A total of 30 lactating cows were randomly assigned to one of two groups; the groups received two different evaporative cooling regimes. A control group received cooling sessions on a preset time-based schedule, the method commonly used in farms; and an experimental group, which received the sensor-based (SB) cooling regime. Sensor-based was changed weekly according to the cow's reaction, as reflected in the changes in body temperatures from the previous week, as measured by reticulorumen boluses. The two treatment groups of cows had similar milk yields (44.7 kg/d), but those in the experimental group had higher milk fat (3.65 vs 3.43%), higher milk protein (3.23 vs 3.13%), higher energy corrected milk (ECM, 42.84 vs 41.48 kg/d), higher fat corrected milk 4%; (42.76 vs 41.34 kg/d), and shorter heat stress duration (5.03 vs 9.46 h/day) comparing to the control. Dry matter intake was higher in the experimental group. Daily visits to the feed trough were less frequent, with each visit lasting longer. The sensor-based cooling regime may be an effective tool to detect and ease heat stress in high-producing dairy cows during transitional seasons when heat load can become severe in arid and semi-arid zones.
Effective chain complexes for twisted products
Creators: name: Filakovský, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the paper weak sufficient conditions for the reduction of the chain complex of a twisted product to a free finitely generated chain complex are found.
description: 8 pages
Die 'neue' Bibliothek des Rheinischen Landesmuseums Trier : Umbau und Wiedereröffnung 2015
Creators: name: Merten, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Funde und Ausgrabungen im Bezirk Trier
Year: 2019

description: Funde und Ausgrabungen im Bezirk Trier, Bd. 47 (2015): Funde und Ausgrabungen im Bezirk Trier : Aus der Arbeit des Rheinischen Landesmuseums Trier
Analysis of the double-spin asymmetry A_LT in inelastic nucleon-nucleon collisions
Creators: name: Metz, A.
name: Pitonyak, D.
name: Schaefer, A.
name: Zhou, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the collinear twist-3 framework, we analyze the double-spin asymmetry in collisions between longitudinally polarized nucleons and transversely polarized nucleons with focus on hadron and jet production. As was the case in direct photon production, the double-spin dependent cross section for hadron and jet production has the advantage of involving a complete set of collinear twist-3 functions. In addition, we outline further benefits of this observable for a potential future measurement at RHIC, which includes insight on the gluon helicity distribution as well as information on the Efremov-Teryaev-Qiu-Sterman function T_F(x,x) that plays a crucial role in single-spin asymmetries.
description: Minor changes to text, reference added, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Surface-Initiated Grafting of Dendritic Polyglycerol from Mussel-Inspired Adhesion-Layers for the Creation of Cell-Repelling Coatings
Creators: name: Kulka, Michaël W.
name: Nie, Chuanxiong
name: Nickl, Philip
name: Kerkhoff, Yannic
name: Garg, Arushi
name: Salz, Dirk
name: Radnik, Jörg
name: Grunwald, Ingo
name: Haag, Rainer
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cell-repelling surface coatings
subject: dendritic polyglycerol
subject: mussel-inspired adhesives
subject: surface-initiated grafting
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::547 Organische Chemie

description: Biofouling is a major challenge in the application of textiles, biosensors, and biomedical implants. In the current work, a straightforward method for the solvent-free polymerization of antifouling dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) from mussel-inspired dendritic polyglycerol (MI-dPG) coatings on hydrophilic titanium dioxide (TiO2) and hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is reported. Surface characterization is performed by static water contact angle (CA) measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significant lower CA values are obtained after dPG grafting from MI-dPG-coated TiO2 and MI-dPG coated PDMS. Furthermore, XPS shows a time-dependent increase of the C-O bond content upon dPG grafting from MI-dPG-coated TiO2 and MI-dPG-coated PDMS. Analysis of the surface morphology by SEM shows a clear time-dependent increase in the surface roughness upon dPG grafting from MI-dPG-coated TiO2 and MI-dPG-coated PDMS. When the viability of two adhesive cell types is studied via LIVE/DEAD staining, a strong reduction in the cell density is observed after the dPG grafting from MI-dPG-coated TiO2 and MI-dPG-coated PDMS (a decrease of >95% in all cases). The combined results show that biocompatible but highly cell-repelling surfaces are efficiently constructed via the grafting of dPG from MI-dPG-coated TiO2 and MI-dPG-coated PDMS.
Electrical switching and interferometry of massive Dirac particles in topological insulators constrictions
Creators: name: Romeo, F.
name: Citro, R.
name: Ferraro, D.
name: Sassetti, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electrical switching of charge and spin transport in a topological insulator nanoconstriction in a four terminal device. The switch of the edge channels is caused by the coupling between edge states which overlap in the constriction and by the tunneling effects at the contacts and therefore can be manipulated by tuning the applied voltages on the split-gate or by geometrical etching. The switching mechanism can be conveniently studied by electron interferometry involving the measurements of the current in different configurations of the side gates, while the applied bias from the external leads can be tuned to obtain pure charge or pure spin currents (charge- and spin- bias configurations). Relevant signatures of quantum confinement effects, quantum size effects and energy gap are evident in the Fabry-Perot physics of the device allowing for a full characterization of the charge and spin currents. The proposed electrical switching behavior offers an efficient tool to manipulate topological edge state transport in a controllable way.
description: 10 pages; 14 figures
Local rings of embedding codepth 3. Examples
Creators: name: Christensen, Lars Winther
name: Veliche, Oana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D02, 13C99, 13H10

description: A complete local ring of embedding codepth 3 has a minimal free resolution of length 3 over a regular local ring. Such resolutions carry a differential graded algebra structure, based on which one can classify local rings of embedding codepth 3. We give examples of algebra structures that have been conjectured not to occur.
description: Updated reference and corrected typos. Final version; to appear in Algebras and Representation Theory; 13 pp
Quantifying how step-wise fluorination tunes local solute hydrophobicity, hydration shell thermodynamics and the quantum mechanical contributions of solute-water interactions
Creators: name: Robalo, João R.
name: Mendes De Oliveira, Denilson
name: Imhof, Petra
name: Ben-Amotz, Dor
name: Vila Verde, Ana
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: basis-sets
subject: molecular simulation
subject: potent inhibitors
subject: driving-force
subject: dynamics
subject: gromacs
subject: design
subject: atoms
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The ability to locally tune solute-water interactions and thus control the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of a solute is key to control molecular self-assembly and to develop new drugs and biocatalysts; it has been a holy grail in synthetic chemistry and biology. To date, the connection between (i) the hydrophobicity of a functional group; (ii) the local structure and thermodynamics of its hydration shell; and (iii) the relative influence of van der Waals (dispersion) and electrostatic interactions on hydration remains unclear. We investigate this connection using spectroscopic, classical simulation and ab initio methods by following the transition from hydrophile to hydrophobe induced by the step-wise fluorination of methyl groups. Along the transition, we find that water-solute hydrogen bonds are progressively transformed into dangling hydroxy groups. Each structure has a distinct thermodynamic, spectroscopic and quantum-mechanical signature connected to the associated local solute hydrophobicity and correlating with the relative contribution of electrostatics and dispersion to the solute-water interactions.
High-Throughput Cultivation for the Selective Isolation of Acidobacteria From Termite Nests
Creators: name: Oberpaul, Markus
name: Zumkeller, Celine M.
name: Culver, Tanja
name: Spohn, Marius
name: Mihajlovic, Sanja
name: Leis, Benedikt
name: Glaeser, Stefanie P.
name: Plarre, Rudy
name: McMahon, Dino P.
name: Hammann, Peter
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: termites
subject: Coptotermes
subject: core microbiome
subject: natural products discovery
subject: Acidobacteria
subject: underexplored phyla
subject: social insects
subject: termite-associated microbes
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Microbial communities in the immediate environment of socialized invertebrates can help to suppress pathogens, in part by synthesizing bioactive natural products. Here we characterized the core microbiomes of three termite species (genus Coptotermes) and their nest material to gain more insight into the diversity of termite-associated bacteria. Sampling a healthy termite colony over time implicated a consolidated and highly stable microbiome, pointing toward the fact that beneficial bacterial phyla play a major role in termite fitness. In contrast, there was a significant shift in the composition of the core microbiome in one nest during a fungal infection, affecting the abundance of well-characterized Streptomyces species (phylum Actinobacteria) as well as less-studied bacterial phyla such as Acidobacteria. High-throughput cultivation in microplates was implemented to isolate and identify these less-studied bacterial phylogenetic group. Amplicon sequencing confirmed that our method maintained the bacterial diversity of the environmental samples, enabling the isolation of novel Acidobacteriaceae and expanding the list of cultivated species to include two strains that may define new species within the genera Terracidiphilus and Acidobacterium.
CMB Power Asymmetry from Non-Gaussian Modulation
Creators: name: Schmidt, Fabian
name: Hui, Lam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Gaussianity in the inflationary perturbations can couple observable scales to modes of much longer wavelength (even superhorizon), leaving as a signature a large-angle modulation of the observed cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectrum. This provides an alternative origin for a power asymmetry which is otherwise often ascribed to a breaking of statistical isotropy. The non-Gaussian modulation effect can be significant even for typical ~10^{-5} perturbations, while respecting current constraints on non-Gaussianity, if the squeezed limit of the bispectrum is sufficiently infrared divergent. Just such a strongly infrared-divergent bispectrum has been claimed for inflation models with a non-Bunch-Davies initial state, for instance. Upper limits on the observed CMB power asymmetry place stringent constraints on the duration of inflation in such models.
description: 4+epsilon pages, 1 figure; v2: minor edits and references added, reflects PRL version in press
On-chip cavity quantum phonodynamics with an acceptor qubit in silicon
Creators: name: Ruskov, Rusko
name: Tahan, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a chip-based, solid-state analogue of cavity-QED utilizing acoustic phonons instead of photons. We show how long-lived and tunable acceptor impurity states in silicon nanomechanical cavities can play the role of a matter non-linearity for coherent phonons just as, e.g., the Josephson qubit plays in circuit-QED. Both strong coupling (number of Rabi oscillations ~ 100) and strong dispersive coupling (0.1-2 MHz) regimes can be reached in cavities in the 1-20 GHz range, enabling the control of single phonons, phonon-phonon interactions, dispersive phonon readout of the acceptor qubit, and compatibility with other optomechanical components such as phonon-photon translators. We predict explicit experimental signatures of the acceptor-cavity system.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, PDFLaTeX. New version improves clarity
Persistent currents in spinor condensates
Creators: name: Beattie, Scott
name: Moulder, Stuart
name: Fletcher, Richard J.
name: Hadzibabic, Zoran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We create and study persistent currents in a toroidal two-component Bose gas, consisting of $^{87}$Rb atoms in two different spin states. For a large spin-population imbalance we observe supercurrents persisting for over two minutes. However we find that the supercurrent is unstable for spin polarisation below a well defined critical value. We also investigate the role of phase coherence between the two spin components and show that only the magnitude of the spin-polarisation vector, rather than its orientation in spin space, is relevant for supercurrent stability.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Seismic and Aseismic Preparatory Processes Before Large Stick–Slip Failure
Creators: name: Dresen, Georg
name: Kwiatek, Grzegorz
name: Goebel, Thomas
name: Ben-Zion, Yehuda
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earthquakes
subject: rupture
subject: stick-slip tests
subject: seismic
subject: aseismic
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Natural earthquakes often have very few observable foreshocks which significantly complicates tracking potential preparatory processes. To better characterize expected preparatory processes before failures, we study stick-slip events in a series of triaxial compression tests on faulted Westerly granite samples. We focus on the influence of fault roughness on the duration and magnitude of recordable precursors before large stick-slip failure. Rupture preparation in the experiments is detectable over long time scales and involves acoustic emission (AE) and aseismic deformation events. Preparatory fault slip is found to be accelerating during the entire pre-failure loading period, and is accompanied by increasing AE rates punctuated by distinct activity spikes associated with large slip events. Damage evolution across the fault zones and surrounding wall rocks is manifested by precursory decrease of seismic b-values and spatial correlation dimensions. Peaks in spatial event correlation suggest that large slip initiation occurs by failure of multiple asperities. Shear strain estimated from AE data represents only a small fraction (< 1%) of total shear strain accumulated during the preparation phase, implying that most precursory deformation is aseismic. The relative contribution of aseismic deformation is amplified by larger fault roughness. Similarly, seismic coupling is larger for smooth saw-cut faults compared to rough faults. The laboratory observations point towards a long-lasting and continuous preparation process leading to failure and large seismic events. The strain partitioning between aseismic and observable seismic signatures depends on fault structure and instrument resolution.
Continuous Symmetries and Approximate Quantum Error Correction
Creators: name: Faist, Philippe
name: Nezami, Sepehr
name: Albert, Victor V.
name: Salton, Grant
name: Pastawski, Fernando
name: Hayden, Patrick
name: Preskill, John
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: codes
subject: entanglement
subject: computation
subject: information
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Quantum error correction and symmetry arise in many areas of physics, including many-body systems, metrology in the presence of noise, fault-tolerant computation, and holographic quantum gravity. Here, we study the compatibility of these two important principles. If a logical quantum system is encoded into n physical subsystems, we say that the code is covariant with respect to a symmetry group G if a G transformation on the logical system can be realized by performing transformations on the individual subsystems. For a G-covariant code with G a continuous group, we derive a lower bound on the error-correction infidelity following erasure of a subsystem. This bound approaches zero when the number of subsystems nor the dimension d of each subsystem is large. We exhibit codes achieving approximately the same scaling of infidelity with n or d as the lower bound. Leveraging tools from representation theory, we prove an approximate version of the Eastin-Knill theorem for quantum computation: If a code admits a universal set of transversal gates and corrects erasure with fixed accuracy, then, for each logical qubit, we need a number of physical qubits per subsystem that is inversely proportional to the error parameter. We construct codes covariant with respect to the full logical unitary group, achieving good accuracy for large d (using random codes) or n (using codes based on W states). We systematically construct codes covariant with respect to general groups, obtaining natural generalizations of qubit codes to, for instance, oscillators and rotors. In the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence, our approach provides insight into how time evolution in the bulk corresponds to time evolution on the boundary without violating the Eastin-Knill theorem, and our five-rotor code can be stacked to form a covariant holographic code.
A simple randomized O(N log N)–time closest-pair algorithm in doubling metrics
Creators: name: Maheshwari, Anil
name: Mulzer, Wolfgang
name: Smid, Michiel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: computational geometry
subject: algorithm
subject: doubling dimension
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: Consider a metric space (P, dist) with N points whose doubling dimension is a constant. We present a simple, randomized, and recursive algorithm that computes, in O(N log N) expected time, the closest-pair distance in P. To generate recursive calls, we use previous results of Har-Peled and Mendel, and Abam and Har-Peled for computing a sparse annulus that separates the points in a balanced way.
The Casimir effect as a sum-over-modes in dissipative systems
Creators: name: Intravaia, Francesco
name: Behunin, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to show that within the open-system framework the sum-over-modes approach á la Casimir leads to the Lifshitz formula for the Casimir free energy. A general result applicable to arbitrary geometries is obtained through the use of Ford, Lewis, & O'Connell's remarkable formula. Additionally, we address the possibility for obtaining the Casimir energy as a sum over complex "modes". We show in this case that the standard sum-over-modes formula must be suitably generalized to avert unphysical complex energies. Finally, we apply our results to several standard examples.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures
Neural correlates of affective contributions to lexical decisions in children and adults
Creators: name: Sylvester, Teresa
name: Liebig, Johanna
name: Jacobs, Arthur M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cognitive neuroscience
subject: Emotion
subject: lexical decision task
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: The goal of the present study was to investigate whether 6–9-year old children and adults show similar neural responses to affective words. An event-related neuroimaging paradigm was used in which both age cohorts performed the same auditory lexical decision task (LDT). The results show similarities in (auditory) lexico-semantic network activation as well as in areas associated with affective information. In both age cohorts’ activations were stronger for positive than for negative words, thus exhibiting a positivity superiority effect. Children showed less activation in areas associated with affective information in response to all three valence categories than adults. Our results are discussed in the light of computational models of word recognition, and previous findings of affective contributions to LDT in adults.
Slaughter pigs as carrier of Listeria monocytogenes in Germany
Creators: name: Oswaldi, Verena
name: Dzierzon, Janine
name: Thieme, Susann
name: Merle, Roswitha
name: Meemken, Diana
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Listeria monocytogenes
subject: Abattoir
subject: Pig tonsils
subject: Pig intestinal content
subject: Asymptomatic carrier
subject: Slaughter hygiene
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Listeria (L.) monocytogenes as the cause of human listeriosis is widespread in the environment and a hazard considering food safety. Almost all animal species as well as humans can be asymptomatic carriers of this bacterium. In pigs, the tonsils are identified as the organ with the highest detection rate compared to other sample matrices. We sampled 430 pigs in total in two slaughterhouses in Northwest and East Germany, two structurally different and important regions in pig production, to re-examine pigs as a possible source of Listeria-contamination of pork products. We detected a low prevalence of L. monocytogenes in tonsil samples of 1.6% (7/430) on single animal level and of 11.6% (5/43) on herd level with no significant difference between the two German regions. Apart from L. monocytogenes, the usually non-pathogenic L. innocua had a prevalence of 1.2% (5/430) on single animal level. From 200 pigs from Northwest Germany, intestinal content samples were analysed in addition to tonsil samples from the same animals, but no positive sample was found for L. monocytogenes (0.0%, 0/200), while four pigs were positive for L. innocua (2.0%, 4/200). Although the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in tonsils is low, the risk of cross-contaminating meat with the pathogen is still given.
Trapping of Topological-Structural Defects in Coulomb Crystals
Creators: name: Mielenz, M.
name: Landa, H.
name: Brox, J.
name: Kahra, S.
name: Leschhorn, G.
name: Albert, M.
name: Reznik, B.
name: Schaetz, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study experimentally and theoretically structural defects which are formed during the transition from a laser cooled cloud to a Coulomb crystal, consisting of tens of ions in a linear radio frequency trap. We demonstrate the creation of predicted topological defects (`kinks') in purely two-dimensional crystals, and also find kinks which show novel dynamical features in a regime of parameters not considered before. The kinks are always observed at the centre of the trap, showing a large nonlinear localized excitation, and the probability of their occurrence surprisingly saturates at ~0.5. Simulations reveal a strong anharmonicity of the kink's internal mode of vibration, due to the kink's extension into three dimensions. As a consequence, the periodic Peierls-Nabarro potential experienced by a discrete kink becomes a globally confining potential, capable of trapping one cooled defect at the center of the crystal.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; some additional citations