cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Development of channel-less plasma thrusters and electron sources for spacecraft propulsion
Creators: name: Ahmed, Mohamed Moneir Hussien
Publisher: name: University of Surrey
Year: 2025
Subjects: Hollow cathode neutraliser
plasma diagnostics
Electric Propulsion
Hall-effect thruster
Channel-less plasma thruster

description: Progress in spacecraft technology ranges from mega-constellations aimed at communication services to deep space missions targeting lunar and beyond exploration, all facilitated by small and micro satellites. Hall thrusters, with their high thrust density, reliable performance, simple design, and proven spaceflight heritage, are well suited for these missions.
description: Miniaturising Hall thrusters for low-power applications with long lifetimes and high efficiency poses considerable challenges, largely due to the high surface area-to-volume ratio
description: and the physical limitations involved in scaling down the magnetic circuit.
description: This thesis investigates a novel concept that expands the total utilised cross-sectional area of the Hall thruster by removing the channel walls and sustaining the plasma discharge
description: entirely outside the thruster chassis. This channel-less technology offers benefits such as a reduced thruster mass and the elimination of plasma-wall interactions. A 200 W miniaturised External Discharge Plasma Thruster (mini-XPT), featuring a channel-less design, is developed and characterised using xenon and krypton. This research identified the limitations and performance loss mechanisms that are inherent in this thruster design. A novel hollow cathode prototype featuring a modular design is also developed to support ground testing of the channel-less plasma thruster. This cathode, which includes a keeper disk, an orifice disk, and direct emitter heating, has been systematically tested under various operational conditions. The influence of the modular hollow cathode position and operating parameters on the mini-XPT performance is also assessed, revealing that the cathode position and operating mode significantly influence the performance. Plasma properties measured via a Langmuir probe reveal how the plasma potential decreases and the electron density increases in the coupling region with additional heating and higher mass flow rate. This contributes to the observed performance improvements. Finally, an auxiliary anode is used to enhance the thrust by focusing ions axially, demonstrating a trade-off between the current utilisation efficiency and the ion directional acceleration.
An effective green one-pot synthesis of some novel 5-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles and 6-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines bearing chromone ring as anticancer agents
Creators: name: Ali, Tarik E.
name: Assiri, Mohammed A.
name: Alzahrani, Abdullah Y.
name: Salem, Mohamed A.
name: Shati, Ali A.
name: Alfaifi, Mohammad Y.
name: Elbehairi, Serag Eldin I.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: An effective green one-pot and catalyst-free synthesis of a series of novel 5-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles and 6-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines bearing chromone ring was achieved. The method depended on a one-pot three-component reaction of readily available starting materials 4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carboxaldehyde, 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone, and cyclic active methylene compounds in water as solvent. The targeted compounds were assessed for their in vitro anticancer activity against mammary gland breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), liver cancer (HepG-2), and human colon cancer (HCT-116) by using sulphorhodamine B assay (SRB) method, while doxorubicin, was utilized as standard reference drug. Compounds 4a, 4c, and 6b exhibited excellent anticancer activity versus all cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 1.7 to 9.9 μg/mL.
Faster Retrieval with a Two-Pass Dynamic-Time-Warping Lower Bound
Creators: name: Lemire, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is a popular similarity measure between time series. The DTW fails to satisfy the triangle inequality and its computation requires quadratic time. Hence, to find closest neighbors quickly, we use bounding techniques. We can avoid most DTW computations with an inexpensive lower bound (LB Keogh). We compare LB Keogh with a tighter lower bound (LB Improved). We find that LB Improved-based search is faster. As an example, our approach is 2-3 times faster over random-walk and shape time series.
description: Accepted in Pattern Recognition on November 20th, 2008
Augmented Reality Warnings in Roadway Work Zones: Evaluating the Effect of Modality on Worker Reaction Times
Creators: name: Sabeti, Sepehr
name: Ardecani, Fatemeh Banani
name: Shoghli, Omidreza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Given the aging highway infrastructure requiring extensive rebuilding and enhancements, and the consequent rise in the number of work zones, there is an urgent need to develop advanced safety systems to protect workers. While Augmented Reality (AR) holds significant potential for delivering warnings to workers, its integration into roadway work zones remains relatively unexplored. The primary objective of this study is to improve safety measures within roadway work zones by conducting an extensive analysis of how different combinations of multimodal AR warnings influence the reaction times of workers. This paper addresses this gap through a series of experiments that aim to replicate the distinctive conditions of roadway work zones, both in real-world and virtual reality environments. Our approach comprises three key components: an advanced AR system prototype, a VR simulation of AR functionality within the work zone environment, and the Wizard of Oz technique to synchronize user experiences across experiments. To assess reaction times, we leverage both the simple reaction time (SRT) technique and an innovative vision-based metric that utilizes real-time pose estimation. By conducting five experiments in controlled outdoor work zones and indoor VR settings, our study provides valuable information on how various multimodal AR warnings impact workers reaction times. Furthermore, our findings reveal the disparities in reaction times between VR simulations and real-world scenarios, thereby gauging VR's capability to mirror the dynamics of roadway work zones. Furthermore, our results substantiate the potential and reliability of vision-based reaction time measurements. These insights resonate well with those derived using the SRT technique, underscoring the viability of this approach for tangible real-world uses.
The topological structure of (homogeneous) spaces and groups with countable cs*-character
Creators: name: Banakh, Taras
name: Zdomskyy, Lyubomyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22A05, 54A20, 54A25, 54A35, 54D55, 54E35, 54H11

description: In this paper we introduce and study three new cardinal topological invariants called the cs*, cs-, and sb-characters. The class of topological spaces with countable cs*-character is closed under many topological operations and contains all aleph-spaces and all spaces with point-countable cs*-network. Our principal result states that each non-metrizable sequential topological group with countable cs*-character has countable pseudo-character and contains an open $k_ω$-subgroup.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 4-methylthiazole and 4-thiazolidinone derivatives derived from 5-(aryldiazo)salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazones
Creators: name: Salem, Mohamed A.
name: Abbas, Samir Y.
name: El-Sharief, Marwa A. M. Sh.
name: Alzahrani, Abdullah Y.
name: Helal, Mohamed H.
name: Thabet, Hamdy Kh.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: New series of thiazole derivatives were synthesized using 5-(aryldiazo)salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazones 2a–i. Cyclocondensation of thiosemicarbazones 2a–i with chloroacetone afforded the corresponding 4-methylthiazole derivatives 3a–i. Moreover, cycloalkylation of 2a–i with ethyl bromoacetate afforded the corresponding thiazolidin-4-one derivatives 4a–i. The antimicrobial activity of the new thiazole derivatives was evaluated.
Remote Cooling of Spin-ensembles through a Spin-mechanical Hybrid Interface
Creators: name: Wang, Yang
name: Dasari, Durga Bhaktavatsala Rao
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a protocol for the ground-state cooling of a tripartite hybrid quantum system, in which a macroscopic oscillator acts as a mediator between a single probe spin and a remote spin ensemble. In the presence of weak dispersive coupling between the spins and the oscillator, cooling of the oscillator and the ensemble spins can be achieved by exploiting the feedback from frequent measurements of the single probe spin. We explore the parameter regimes necessary to cool the ensemble, the oscillator, or both to their thermal ground states. This novel cooling protocol shows that, even with only weak dispersive coupling, energy transfer-like effects can be obtained by simply manipulating the probe spin. These results not only contribute to the development of a practical solution for cooling/polarizing large spin ensembles, but also provide a relatively simple means of tuning the dynamics of a hybrid system. The proposed cooling protocol thus has broader implications for advancing various quantum technology applications, such as macroscopic quantum state generation and remote sensing.
description: Pushlished version
A kinetic study of the ethyl radical with allyl compounds
Creators: name: Troughton, Gary Ellis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The reactions of the ethyl radical with a series of allyl compounds were examined experimentally in the gas phase, and the results were seen to conform to a general mechanism. Specifically, the ethyl radical can abstract a hydrogen atom from the allyl compound, or add to the olefinic linkage of the allyl compound. Dismutation reactions of the product radicals formed in the addition or abstraction reactions were also observed in this study. The metathesis reactions of some allyl compounds were too slow to be measured unless the functional group was deuterated. When this was done in the case of allyl alcohol and allyl formate, primary isotope effects in metathesis could be measured, and were in good agreement with the values predicted on the basis of zero point energy differences. The activation energies of the dismutation reactions of the adduct radicals ranged from 15 to 27 Kcal/mole and were found to depend on the estimated enthalpies of this reaction. In certain cases, a choice between two different reaction routes of the dismutation reaction could be made by comparing the activation energy with the estimated enthalpy change. The dismutation reaction offers a convenient method for the generation of free radicals at low temperatures. In this way, the allyl and ethoxy radicals were generated, and their disproportionation-combination ratios with the ethyl radical were measured. The kinetics of interaction of the ethyl radical with an allyl compound in the gas phase can be compared with the polymerization of that monomer in the liquid phase. Specifically the ratio of the addition rate constant to the metathesis rate constant in the gas phase can be related to the degree of polymerization and a linear relationship between these quantities was found in this study.
Robust integration of fast flavor conversions in classical neutrino transport
Creators: name: Xiong, Zewei
name: Wu, Meng-Ru
name: George, Manu
name: Lin, Chun-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum kinetic evolution of neutrinos in dense environments, such as the core-collapse supernovae or the neutron star mergers, can result in fast flavor conversion (FFC), presenting a significant challenge to achieving robust astrophysical modeling of these systems. Recent works that directly simulate the quantum kinetic transport of neutrinos in localized domains have suggested that the asymptotic outcome of FFCs can be modeled by simple analytical prescriptions when coarse grained over a size much larger than the FFC length scale. In this Letter, by leveraging such a scale separation, we incorporate the analytical prescriptions into global simulations that solve the classical neutrino transport equation including collisions and advection under spherical symmetry. We demonstrate that taking this approach allows to obtain results that quantitatively agree with those directly from the corresponding global quantum kinetic simulations and precisely capture the collisional feedback effect for cases where the FFC happens inside the neutrinosphere. Notably, the effective scheme does not require resolving the FFC time and length scales, hence only adds negligible computational overhead to classical transport. Our work highlights that efficient and robust integration of FFCs in classical neutrino transport used in astrophysical simulation can be feasible.
description: minor modification; Supplemental Material added; version to appear in PRL
Synthesis of 6,7-dihydro-4H-[1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazines via tandem reactions of β-iodoazides with propargyl alcohols
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao-Lan
name: Qiu, Guo-Qiao
name: Chen, Jun-Min
name: Sheng, Shou-Ri
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Tandem reactions between β-iodoazides and propargyl alcohols under mild conditions are presented, providing a general and convenient method for the synthesis of 6,7-dihydro-4H-[1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazines. The advantages of this method are its simple operation, high efficiency and high product yields (80–95%).
Policies for projectification: support, avoid or let it be? Poliitika projektistumise suhtes: toetada, tõrjuda või lasta juhtuda?
Creators: name: Kuura, Arvi
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: economic policy; strategy; projectization; projectification

description: The importance of temporary activities is growing and projects are proliferating in
most businesses, non-profit and public organisations. This trend has been treated by
different authors and on different levels – organisational, societal and personal, but
mainly on a single level – and under different labels (projectization, projectification,
project orientation etc.). As the integral picture is still almost missing, the article is
aimed to fill this gap, showing that the levels of projectification are distinguishable,
but tightly interconnected. Another aim is to uncover the subtopic of the extent of
projectization (and/or projectification) and the appropriate policies and strategies. In
this aspect the main issue is the balance between the temporary and the permanent,
and the defence of permanency in the world of proliferating temporary settings
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 19, No 1 (2011)
DMRG-tailored coupled cluster method in the 4c-relativistic domain: General implementation and application to the NUHFI and NUF$_3$ molecules
Creators: name: Višňák, Jakub
name: Brandejs, Jan
name: Máté, Mihály
name: Visscher, Lucas
name: Legeza, Örs
name: Pittner, Jiří
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy atom compounds represent a challenge for computational chemistry, due to the need for simultaneous treatment of relativistic and correlation effects. Often such systems exhibit also strong correlation which hampers the application of perturbation theory or single-reference coupled cluster (CC) methods. As a viable alternative, we have proposed to externally correct the CC method using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) wave functions, yielding the DMRG-tailored CC method. In a previous paper [J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 152}, 174107 (2020)] we have reported a first implementation of this method in the relativistic context, which was restricted to molecules with real double group symmetry. In this work we present a fully general implementation of the method, covering complex and quaternion double groups as well. The 4c-TCC method thus becomes applicable to polyatomic molecules including heavy atoms. For assessment of the method, we performed calculations of the chiral uranium compound NUHFI, which was previously studied in the context of the enhancement of parity violation effects. In particular, we performed calculations of a cut of the potential energy surface of this molecule along the dissociation of the N-U bond, where the system exhibits a strong multireference character. Since there are no experimental data for NUHFI, we have performed also an analogous study of the (more symmetric) NUF$_3$ molecule, where the vibrational frequency of the N-U bond can be compared with spectroscopic data.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
On the Heating Efficiency Derived from Observations of Young Super Star Clusters in M82
Creators: name: Silich, Sergiy
name: Tenorio-Tagle, Guillermo
name: Campos, Ana Torres
name: Munoz-Tunon, Casiana
name: Melo, Ana Monreal-Ibero. Veronica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we discuss the mechanical feedback that massive stellar clusters provide to the interstellar medium of their host galaxy. We apply an analytic theory developed in a previous study for M82-A1 to a sample of 10 clusters located in the central zone of the starburst galaxy M82, all surrounded by compact and dense HII regions. We claim that the only way that such HII regions can survive around the selected clusters, is if they are embedded into a high pressure ISM and if the majority of their mechanical energy is lost within the star cluster volume via strong radiative cooling. The latter implies that these clusters have a low heating efficiency, $η$, and evolve in the bimodal hydrodynamic regime. In this regime the shock-heated plasma in the central zones of a cluster becomes thermally unstable, loses its pressure and is accumulated there, whereas the matter injected by supernovae and stellar winds outside of this volume forms a high velocity outflow - the star cluster wind. We calculated the heating efficiency for each of the selected clusters and found that in all cases it does not exceed 10% . Such low heating efficiency values imply a low mechanical energy output and the impact that the selected clusters provide to the ISM of M82 is thus much smaller than what one would expect using stellar cluster synthetic models.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Magnetic structure of the field-induced multiferroic GdFe3(BO3)4
Creators: name: Mo, Haiding
name: Nelson, Christie S.
name: Bezmaternykh, Leonard N.
name: Temerov, V. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a magnetic x-ray scattering study of the field-induced multiferroic GdFe3(BO3)4. Resonant x-ray magnetic scattering at the Gd LII,III edges indicates that the Gd moments order at TN ~ 37 K. The magnetic structure is incommensurate below TN, with the incommensurability decreasing monotonically with decreasing temperature until a transition to a commensurate magnetic phase is observed at T ~ 10 K. Both the Gd and Fe moments undergo a spin reorientation transition at TSR ~ 9 K such that the moments are oriented along the crystallographic c axis at low temperatures. With magnetic field applied along the a axis, our measurements suggest that the field-induced polarization phase has a commensurate magnetic structure with Gd moments rotated ~45 degrees toward the basal plane, which is similar to the magnetic structure of the Gd subsystem observed in zero field between 9 and 10 K, and the Fe subsystem has a ferromagnetic component in the basal plane.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Doppler-Broadened Iron X-ray Lines from Tycho's Supernova Remnant
Creators: name: Furuzawa, A.
name: Ueno, D.
name: Hayato, A.
name: Ozawa, M.
name: Tamagawa, T.
name: Bamba, A.
name: Hughes, J. P.
name: Kunieda, H.
name: Makishima, K.
name: Holt, S. S.
name: Hwang, U.
name: Kinugasa, K.
name: Petre, R.
name: Tamura, K.
name: Tsunemi, H.
name: Yamauchi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use \suzaku observations to measure the spatial variation of the Fe K$α$ line with radius in the \tycho supernova remnant. The Fe line widths show a significant decrease from a FWHM value of 210 eV at the center to 130 eV at the rim. Over the same radial range the line center energy remains nearly constant. These observations are consistent with a scenario in which the shell of Fe-emitting ejecta in \tycho is expanding at speeds of 2800--3350 km s$^{-1}$. The minimum line width we measure is still a factor of two larger than expected from a single component plasma emission model. If thermal Doppler broadening is the dominant additional source of broadening, we infer an ion temperature of $(1--3) \times 10^{10}$ K.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, To appear in ApJ Letters
Rechtliche und wirtschaftliche Probleme der Verwaltung der Hauptstadtregion und ihre Lösungsmöglichkeiten. Pealinnaregiooni juhtimise õiguslikud ja majanduslikud probleemid ja nende lahendamise võimalused
Creators: name: Mäeltsemees, Sulev
name: Kull, Michael
name: Lõhmus, Mikk
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: local self-government; economic development; capital city; urban sprawl; metropolitan area; association of local-self governments; co-operation; provision of public services; management of capital city region; city or rural municipality council; legal env

description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 19, No 1 (2011)
What is Ballistic Transport?
Creators: name: Damanik, David
name: Malinovitch, Tal
name: Young, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81Q10, 35P05, 35Q41

description: In this article, we review some notions of ballistic transport from the mathematics and physics literature, describe their basic interrelations, and contrast them with other commonly studied notions of wave packet spread.
The foregone recreation value of Lake Ülemiste. Ülemiste järve kaotatud rekreatiivne väärtus
Creators: name: Pädam, Sirje
name: Ehrlich, Üllas
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: contingent valuation; recreation value; drinking water reservoir

description: Since Soviet times Lake Ülemiste has been closed to public access. The current
practice of Tallinn may entail unnecessary losses of benefits to the local population.
The aim of this paper is to find the value of the foregone benefits. In order to find
this value, a contingent valuation (CVM) survey was conducted involving a sample
of the adult population of Tallinn.
According to the survey the average willingness to pay is 6.6 Euro and the
recreational benefits foregone were estimated to 1.8 million Euros annually. In
order to safeguard the quality of the drinking water, additional measures may be
needed. Discounted over a 30 year period allows investments of a maximum of 26
million Euro. Applying the current investment plan of Gothenburg to Tallinn shows
that the recreational value of opening the lake to the public is sufficiently large to
cover Gothenburg’s coal filter investments to be carried out in Tallinn.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 19, No 1 (2011)
Spin Transfer Dynamics in Spin Valves with Out-of-plane Magnetized CoNi Free Layers
Creators: name: Rippard, William H.
name: Deac, Alina M.
name: Pufall, Matthew R.
name: Shaw, Justin M.
name: Keller, Mark W.
name: Russek, Stephen E.
name: Bauer, Gerrit E. W.
name: Serpico, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured spin transfer-induced dynamics in magnetic nanocontact devices having a perpendicularly magnetized Co/Ni free layer and an in-plane magnetized CoFe fixed layer. The frequencies and powers of the excitations agree well with the predictions of the single-domain model and indicate that the excited dynamics correspond to precessional orbits with angles ranging from zero to 90 degrees as the applied current is increased at a fixed field. From measurements of the onset current as a function of applied field strength we estimate the magnitude of the spin torque asymmetry parameter lambda ~ 1.5. By combining these with spin torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements, we also estimate the spin wave radiation loss in these devices.
The necessity of an administrative-territorial reform in a country: the case of Estonia. Administratiiv-territoriaalse reformi vajadus riigis: Eesti juhtum
Creators: name: Reiljan, Janno
name: Ülper, Aivo
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: optimal size of municipalities; local governments’ financial potential; local political development; amalgamation; local government reform; local government efficiency

description: The goal of this paper is to analyze the theoretical, political and organizational bases
of the territorial division of the country into municipalities as well as empirical data
of Estonian municipalities and offer a research direction for identifying conceptual
solutions to the development problems in Estonian municipalities. The analysis of
the theoretical approaches to municipal size pointed out that they are fragmented and
incompatible. Some authors support small municipalities, and others large. The
theoretical reasoning of both those directions is often strongly simplified and biased
and a unified metatheoretical approach has not been established. The empirical
analysis revealed that there is no empirical evidence to confirm either the presence
of significant size related advantages among municipalities or the existence of an
optimal municipal size considering current municipal functions and financing. The
lack of theoretical and empirical evidence on the necessity for administrativeterritorial
reform means that merging municipalities alone cannot significantly
improve the public service delivery capacities and economic and democratic
development of Estonian municipalities and that future studies should focus on
analyzing public services from the perspective of their economic efficiency, quality
and accessibility, and in doing so, determine the optimal size of regions for
providing the various public services.
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 19, No 1 (2011)
Synthesis and evaluation of the anticancer activity of some semisynthetic derivatives of rutaecarpine and evodiamine
Creators: name: Patrykei, Serhii
name: Korobko, Yulia
name: Ogorodniichuk, Oleksandr
name: Garazd, Myroslav
name: Polishchuk, Pavel
name: Džubák, Petr
name: Gurská, Soňa
name: Hajdúch, Marián
name: Lesyk, Roman
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: The synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of new quinazoline alkaloids rutaecarpine and evodiamine semisynthetic derivatives and their molecular hybrids with lupinine moiety is described. Newly synthesized compounds were elucidated based on elemental analyses and spectral data (1H and 13C NMR). Anticancer cytotoxicity was studied toward some cell lines of lung cancer, T-lymphoblastic leukemia, colon cancer, myeloid leukemia, and osteosarcoma. Among the tested compounds, the highest activity with a specific sensitivity profile toward the Leukemia cell lines CCRF-CEM and K-562 was demonstrated by the starting compound evodiamine. Structural modifications of the studied quinazoline alkaloids did not lead to the improvement of anticancer activity.
Ist der Euro gefährdet? Is the European currency euro put at risk?
Creators: name: Rohde, Armin
name: Ehrhold, Frank
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: Euro-Currency-Area; exchange rates; monetary policy; inflation; stability of the price level; national debt; national competiveness; wage policy

description: Due to high national debt in several member states of the Euro-Currency-Area
which led to huge relief programmes the single European currency Euro seems to be
at risk. Bur neither inflation rates nor exchange rate movements of the Euro since
1999 up to 2011 give reasons to believe that an up to now success story of the Euro
will come to a sudden end in shortness. On the other hand it often had been argued
that increasing national debt will inevitably lead to higher inflation rates and will
endanger a currency by permanent devaluation. But the institutional and legal
framework of the European monetary policy, if used correctly, will give sufficient
protection against inflation pressure due to increasing national debt. The most
danger for the European currency or for the European-Currency-Area can be seen in
drifting apart of national competiveness between the member states of the Euro-
Area, especially due to an existing lack of coordination in wage policy. Different
wage policies in the member states of the Euro-Area in the past had led to different
national inflation rates and had caused calculated real exchange rate movements
which had lasting influence on national competiveness, which hamper international
trade in the case of real appreciation or which promote international trade in the case
of real depreciation..
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 19, No 1 (2011)
Stereochemistry of nitrate esters of polyols
Creators: name: Livingstone, David James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The solution infrared spectra and proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectra of several series of polyol nitrates have been examined in order to assess the potential of these two spectroscopic methods for the study of the stereochemistry of nitrate esters in solution. This thesis reports the first systematic study of the solution infrared spectra of nitrate esters. Correlations of the frequencies of the three principal nitrato group bands with structure and stereochemistry were observed for 1, 4:3, 6-dianhydrohexitol, benzocycloalkane, cyclohexane, sugar, 1, 2-diphenylethane, and polyhydric alcohol nitrates. The frequencies of the Ʋa(NO₂) and Ʋ (ON) bands were clearly dependent on molecular structure while that of the Ʋs(NO₂) band exhibited a marked steric dependence. On the basis of their solution infrared spectra, configurations were assigned to several 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitol mononitrates which were consistent with other properties of these compounds. A rationale of certain aspects of the spectral correlations is presented. Examination of the PMR spectra of the nitrate esters and of other esters of polyhydric alcohols revealed a relationship between molecular symmetry and the multiplicity of methylene resonances. The PMR spectrum of glycerol trinitrate could be classified as that of an (AB)₂X system and a complete spectral assignment was possible for both the methine and methylene resonances. The effect of solvent and substituent on the methylene chemical shifts of pentaerythritol derivatives has been studied on a qualitative basis and the application of PMR spectroscopy to the elucidation of the structure of previously unreported 1,2-O-isopropylidene- α-D- glucofuranose- 3, 5, 6-trinitrate, for which a complete PMR spectral assignment was possible, is described. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) has been successfully applied to the polyol nitrates and for several groups of these a dependence of Rf value upon stereochemistry has been noted. A stereoselective detection has been found for the 1, 4:3, 6-dianhydrohexitol nitrates and a preliminary study (by TLC) of the reactions of a homologous series of twelve polyhydric alcohol nitrates with pyridine indicated large differences between the rates of reaction of homologues but not of diastereoisomers. The p-toluenesulfonate and p- bromobenzenesulfonate esters of 1, 4:3, 6-dianhydro-D- glucitol- 5-nitrate, 1, 2- O-isopropylidene-α-D- glucofuranose-3, 5, 6-trinitrate, pentaerythritol trinitrate p-bromobenzene sulfonate, allitol hexabenzoate, L-threitol tetrani-trate, L-iditol hexanitrate, and D-talitol hexanitrate are reported for the first time.
Harrison's interpretation of the cosmological redshift revisited
Creators: name: Faraoni, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Harrison's argument against the interpretation of the cosmological redshift as a Doppler effect is revisited, exaggerated, and discussed. The context, purpose, and limitations of the interpretations of this phenomenon are clarified.
description: 12 pages, LaTeX, to appear in Gen. Rel. Gravit
Individual-Ion Addressing and Readout in a Penning Trap
Creators: name: McMahon, Brian J.
name: Brown, Kenton R.
name: Herold, Creston D.
name: Sawyer, Brian C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We implement individual addressing and readout of ions in a rigidly rotating planar crystal in a compact, permanent magnet Penning trap. The crystal of $^{40}$Ca$^+$ is trapped and stabilized without defects via a rotating triangular potential. The trapped ion fluorescence is detected in the rotating frame for parallel readout. The qubit is encoded in the metastable D$_{5/2}$ manifold enabling the use of high-power near-infrared laser systems for qubit operations. Addressed $σ_z$ operations are realized with a focused AC Stark shifting laser beam. We demonstrate addressing of ions near the center of the crystal and at large radii. Simulations show that the current addressing operation fidelity is limited to $\sim 97\%$ by the ion's thermal extent for the in-plane modes near the Doppler limit, but this could be improved to infidelities $<10^{-3}$ with sub-Doppler cooling. The techniques demonstrated in this paper complete the set of operations for quantum simulation with the platform.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
The demand-side innovation policies and sustainable development in the small EU country. Nõudluspoolsed innovatsioonipoliitikad ja jätkusuutlik areng Euroopa Liidu väikeriigis
Creators: name: Roolaht, Tõnu
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: demand-side innovation policy; sustainable development; small country context

description: Various regulations, standards, public procurement activities, subsidies for private
demand, and other similar support measures form the demand-side innovation
policies. In the modern era, countries and governments dedicate more and more
attention to the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of development
and entrepreneurship. Sustainable development aims to meet human needs so that
economic and social conditions will improve or at least not deteriorate and
environment is preserved in order to allow future generations to meet their needs as
well. Several demand-side innovation policy measures target also sustainability
either as primary or secondary goal. Such policy measures tend to suffer from
overshooting effects or fail to influence the behaviour in a desired manner. The
purpose of this study is to offer suggestions concerning demand-side policy
measures in order to improve their impact on the sustainability of development
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 19, No 1 (2011)
Studies on synthesis and reactions of some new five and six-membered heterocycles bearing 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones skeleton
Creators: name: EL-Mahdy, Ahmed F. M.
name: Hozien, Zeinab A.
name: Abdelnaser, Shimaa
name: Mohammed, Ahmed A. K.
name: El‐Sawaisi, Suliman M.
name: El-Sherief, Hassan A. H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Thienopyrimidine derivatives are well-known in various pharmaceutical and biomedical domains. In this work, a series of efficacious and novel strategies for the synthesis of thienopyrimidines starting from 2-amino-3-carboethoxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene has been developed. The regioselectivity of these synthetic strategies was investigated using density functional theory computation and spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the chemical structures of the new thienopyrimidines and their reaction mechanisms, as well as the biological activity of selected compounds were studied.
The Nikolaevskiy equation with dispersion
Creators: name: Simbawa, Eman
name: Matthews, Paul C.
name: Cox, Stephen M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nikolaevskiy equation was originally proposed as a model for seismic waves and is also a model for a wide variety of systems incorporating a neutral, Goldstone mode, including electroconvection and reaction-diffusion systems. It is known to exhibit chaotic dynamics at the onset of pattern formation, at least when the dispersive terms in the equation are suppressed, as is commonly the practice in previous analyses. In this paper, the effects of reinstating the dispersive terms are examined. It is shown that such terms can stabilise some of the spatially periodic traveling waves; this allows us to study the loss of stability and transition to chaos of the waves. The secondary stability diagram (Busse balloon) for the traveling waves can be remarkably complicated.
description: 24 pages; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
Discount rate for government projects: the case of government real estate in Estonia. Diskonteerimismäära leidmine riiklikele investeerimisprojektidele Eesti riigi kinnisvara näitel
Creators: name: Sander, Priit
name: Lukason, Oliver
name: Kask, Kaia
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: government projects; discount rate; real estate; CAPM

description: Government often faces decisions, which concern choosing between projects
carrying different risk level and timing of cash flows. For calculating government
real estate investment discount rate, we can apply social opportunity cost approach
and derived from that the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). Several aspects have
to be addressed when using CAPM: liquidity of assets, transaction costs and
selection of appropriate comparative sector. Taking into account mentioned aspects,
government discount rate for real estate investment in the long term investment
horizon was found to be 8.9% according to CAPM. In case the lessee of real estate is
government, then given discount rate overestimates payment risk level and actual
discount rate should be between the price of loans taken by government and
discount rate found using CAPM
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 19, No 1 (2011)
Roots of the weaknesses of the euro. Euro nõrkuste juured
Creators: name: Sõrg, Mart
name: Ivanova, Nadežda
Publisher: name: MATTIMAR OÜ
Year: 2012
Subjects: European Monetary Union; European Central Bank; international monetary arrangements; budget deficit and dept

description: The aim of the euro was to speed up the integration process and economic
development in Europe. History of euro showed us that these optimistic goals have
been only partly fulfilled. This modest result has several essential roots. Our
research showed that Europe have not been and is even not today the optimal
currency area. The architecture of the EMU was incomplete: in building up it was
not given enough power to ECB, also were underestimated vitality national interests
in member states. Therefore common interests in euro area were not enough
protected. Last global financial and economic crisis showed clearly main
weaknesses of euro and enforced to start to liquidate them. We conclude that resent
reforms and enlargement of the EMU (Estonia) probably will strengthen this union
description: Estonian Discussions on Economic Policy, Vol 19, No 1 (2011)
Modelling large mass removal in adsorption columns
Creators: name: Myers, Timothy G.
name: Calvo-Schwarzwalder, Marc
name: Font, Francesc
name: Valverde, Abel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q35

description: A mathematical model is developed to describe column adsorption when the contaminant constitutes a significant amount of the fluid. This requires modelling the variation of pressure and velocity, in addition to the usual advection-diffusion-adsorption and kinetic equations describing concentration and adsorption rates. The model builds on previous work based on a linear kinetic equation, to include both physical and chemical adsorption. A semi-analytical solution is developed and validated against a numerical solution. The model is tested against experimental data for the adsorption of large quantities of CO$_2$ from a helium mixture, with a CO$_2$ volume fraction ranging from 14% to 69%, and a N$_2$ mixture with 16% to 33% CO$_2$ volume fraction. Our results show a significant improvement with respect to models for the removal of trace amounts of contaminant.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables. Contains Supplementary Material (8 pages,2 figures, 2 tables)
Reducing conjugacy in the full diffeomorphism group of R to conjugacy in the subgroup of orientation-preserving maps
Creators: name: O'Farrell, Anthony G.
name: Roginskaya, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E99, 20E36, 20F38, 20A05, 22E65, 57S25

description: Let $\Diffeo=\Diffeo(\R)$ denote the group of infinitely-differentiable diffeomorphisms of the real line $\R$, under the operation of composition, and let $\Diffeo^+$ be the subgroup of diffeomorphisms of degree +1, i.e. orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms. We show how to reduce the problem of determining whether or not two given elements $f,g\in \Diffeo$ are conjugate in $\Diffeo$ to associated conjugacy problems in the subgroup $\Diffeo^+$. The main result concerns the case when $f$ and $g$ have degree -1, and specifies (in an explicit and verifiable way) precisely what must be added to the assumption that their (compositional) squares are conjugate in $\Diffeo^+$, in order to ensure that $f$ is conjugated to $g$ by an element of $\Diffeo^+$. The methods involve formal power series, and results of Kopell on centralisers in the diffeomorphism group of a half-open interval.
Bright Heralded Single-Photon Source Saturating Theoretical Single-photon Purity
Creators: name: Wang, Haoyang
name: Yuan, Huihong
name: Zeng, Qiang
name: Zhou, Lai
name: Ma, Haiqiang
name: Yuan, Zhiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-photon source is the cornerstone for modern quantum information processing. The present work derives the theoretical limit of single-photon purity for general parametric heralded single-photon sources, and subsequently demonstrates a bright, gigahertz-pulsed heralded source with the purity saturating the limit. By stimulating spontaneous four-wave mixing effect in the silicon spiral waveguide, this on-chip source is measured to have a coincidence rate exceeding 1.5~MHz at a coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) of 16.77 in the photon pair correlation experiment. The single-photon purity of this source, quantified by the heralded auto-correlation function $g^{(2)}_\text{h}(0)$, is measured by a heralded Hanbury Brown--Twiss setup to reach the theoretical limit with the lowest value of $0.00094 \pm 0.00002$ obtained at a coincidence rate of 0.8~kHz and a CAR of 2220. The performance improvements are attributed to effective spectral filtering suppressing the noise as well as the coherent pump condition helped by optical injection locking. The reported results provide a reliable standard for benchmarking heralded single-photon sources and present a state-of-the-art heralded source for quantum information processing.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, and comments are welcome!
CLIC-DR electron cloud build up simulations
Creators: name: Yaman, F.
name: Iadarola, G.
name: Schulte, D.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: This study investigates impact of beam pipe material and external magnetic field on electron cloud build up mechanism. The machine parameters are in the scope of CLIC damping rings. Two dierent filling schemes for 0.5 and 1 ns bunch spacings are considered. VSim Plasma Discharges and Plasma Acceleration package is employed to perform 2D electrostatic particle in cell simulations such that the space charge eect and Furman-Pivi secondary emission yield model are included in the computations. It is illustrated that the build up time varies due to bunch spacing while the external magnetic field influences the number of electrons generated by initial seeds. The evolution of generated secondary electrons due to bunch passes and the corresponding energy levels are presented in details.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, Vol. 9 (2020): Proceedings of the ICFA mini-Workshop on Mitigation of Coherent Beam Instabilities in Particle Accelerators, Zermatt, Switzerland, 23–27 September 2019