cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Decline of coronary heart disease mortality is strongly effected by changing patterns of underlying causes of death: an analysis of mortality data from 27 countries of the WHO European region 2000 and 2013
Creators: name: Stolpe, Susanne
name: Kowall, Bernd
name: Stang, Andreas
Publisher: name: Cham : Springer Nature
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Causes of death
subject: Coronary heart disease mortality
subject: Mortality patterns
subject: Mortality registry data
subject: atrial fibrillation
subject: cardiovascular mortality
subject: cause of death
subject: Czech Republic
subject: dementia
subject: Eastern Europe
subject: Europe
subject: Georgia (republic)
subject: heart atrium flutter
subject: ischemic heart disease
subject: mortality rate
subject: Western Europe
subject: World Health Organization
subject: coronary artery disease
subject: female
subject: middle aged
subject: survival analysis
subject: time factor
subject: very elderly
subject: Aged, 80 and over
subject: Causality
subject: Cause of Death
subject: Coronary Disease
subject: Dementia
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Survival Analysis
subject: Time Factors
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Mortality rates for coronary heart disease (CHD) experience a longstanding decline, attributed to progress in prevention, diagnostics and therapy. However, CHD mortality rates vary between countries. To estimate whether national patterns of causes of death impact CHD mortality, data from the WHO “European detailed mortality database” for 2000 and 2013 for populations aged ≥ 80 years was analyzed. We extracted mortality rates for total mortality, cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, dementia and ill-defined causes. We calculated proportions of selected causes of death among all deaths, and proportions of selected cardiovascular causes among cardiovascular deaths. CHD mortality rates were recalculated after re-coding ill-defined causes of death. Association between CHD mortality rates and proportions of CHD deaths was estimated by population-weighted linear regression. National patterns of causes of death were divers. In 2000, CHD was assigned as cause of death in 13–53% of all cardiovascular deaths. Until 2013, this proportion changed between − 65% (Czech Republic) and + 57% (Georgia). Dementia was increasingly assigned as underlying cause of death in Western Europe, but rarely in eastern European countries. Ill-defined causes accounted for between < 1% and 53% of all cardiovascular deaths. CHD mortality rates were closely linked to a countries’ proportion of cardiovascular deaths assigned to CHD (R2 = 0.95 for 2000 and 0.99 for 2013). We show that CHD mortality is considerably influenced by national particularities in certifying death. Changes in CHD mortality rates reflect changes in certifying competing underlying causes of death. This must be accounted for when discussing reasons for the CHD mortality decline. © 2020, The Author(s).
How ubiquitous is the direct-gaze advantage? Evidence for an averted-gaze advantage in a gaze-discrimination task
Creators: name: Riechelmann, Eva
name: Gamer, Matthias
name: Böckler, Anne
name: Huestegge, Lynn
Publisher: name: New York, NY : Springer
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Averted gaze
subject: Direct gaze
subject: Gaze discrimination
subject: Gaze processing
subject: Social cognition
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::100 | Philosophie::150 | Psychologie

description: Human eye gaze conveys an enormous amount of socially relevant information, and the rapid assessment of gaze direction is of particular relevance in order to adapt behavior accordingly. Specifically, previous research demonstrated evidence for an advantage of processing direct (vs. averted) gaze. The present study examined discrimination performance for gaze direction (direct vs. averted) under controlled presentation conditions: Using a backward-masking gaze-discrimination task, photographs of faces with direct and averted gaze were briefly presented, followed by a mask stimulus. Additionally, effects of facial context on gaze discrimination were assessed by either presenting gaze direction in isolation (i.e., by only showing the eye region) or in the context of an upright or inverted face. Across three experiments, we consistently observed a facial context effect with highest discrimination performance for faces presented in upright position, lower performance for inverted faces, and lowest performance for eyes presented in isolation. Additionally, averted gaze was generally responded to faster and with higher accuracy than direct gaze, indicating an averted-gaze advantage. Overall, the results suggest that direct gaze is not generally associated with processing advantages, thereby highlighting the important role of presentation conditions and task demands in gaze perception. © 2020, The Author(s).
Requirements Engineering of a Web Portal using Organizational Semiotics Artifacts and Participatory Practices
Creators: name: Arantes, Flávia Linhalis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software requirements are key elements that contribute to the quality and users satisfaction of the final system. In this work, Requirements Engineering (RE) of web sites is presented using an organizational semiotics perspective. They are shown as being part of an organization, with particular practices, rules and views considering stakeholders several differences and opinions. The main contribution of this paper is to relate an experience, from elicitation to validation, showing how organizational semiotics artifacts were exploited in a collaborative and participatory way to RE of a web portal. A case study is described in order to demonstrate the feasibility of using such artifacts to RE when we think about the system as being part of a social organization.
The effects of pomegranate extract on blood flow, vessel diameter, and exercise tolerance
Creators: name: Trexler, Eric
name: Smith-Ryan, Abbie
name: Wingfield, Hailee L
name: Roelofs, Erica J
name: Melvin, Malia N
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2014

description: During exercise, the demand for oxygen and energy substrates is elevated in active skeletal muscle. Supplements with high nitrate and polyphenol content have been shown to increase nitric oxide production and enhance exercise efficiency. The current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study aimed to investigate the acute effects of pomegranate extract on blood flow, vessel diameter, and exercise performance in active individuals.
Schlüssel-Schloss-Wechselwirkung konkav und konvex geformter Nanopartikel mit maßgeschneiderter Partikelmorphologie
Creators: name: Hinrichs, Dominik
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: key-lock-interaction
subject: concave nanoparticles
subject: chloride ions
subject: Schlüssel-Schloss-Wechselwirkung
subject: konkave Nanopartikel
subject: Chloridionen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Trotz aller bisherigen Forschungsresultate und Erfahrungen bleibt die Synthese von Hybridnanopartikeln ein herausforderndes Arbeitsgebiet und ist weiterhin Gegenstand aktueller Forschung. In diesem Forschungsbereich sind die Kapitel 3 bis 4 einzuordnen. Vorab wird in Kapitel 2 die Synthese monodisperser, quasi-sphärischer Goldnanopartikel mit definiertem Durchmesser beschrieben. Diese Nanopartikel sind als Kristallkeime für nachgeschaltete Aufwachssynthesen anderer Materialien geeignet, da ihre Partikelgrößenverteilung schmal, die Partikelkonzentration verhältnismäßig hoch und die Partikelmorphologie einheitlich ist. In Kapitel 3 wird eine Syntheseprozedur vorgestellt, durch welche das Aufwachsen des Halbleitermaterials Cadmiumsulfid auf Goldnanopartikel möglich ist. Hierbei hat sich der Einfluss von Chloridionen auf das Aufwachsverhalten als signifikant herausgestellt. Im Wesentlichen ist für eine erfolgreiche Synthese von Au-CdS Hybridnanopartikeln die Zugabe gewisser Mengen Chloridionen zur Syntheselösung erforderlich. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich im gewissen Rahmen auf weitere Metall-Cadmiumchalkogenid-Systeme übertragen. Im anschließenden Kapitel 4 wird gezeigt, dass Chloridionen auch beim Aufwachsen von Metalloxiden auf Goldnanopartikel einen starken Einfluss ausüben können. Zur Herstellung von Gold-Eisenoxid Hybridnanopartikel ist ebenfalls der gezielte Einsatz von Chloridionen ein äußerst wichtiger Schlüsselaspekt zum Syntheseerfolg. In Kapitel 5 werden gezielt Nanopartikel mit konkaver Partikelmorphologie hergestellt, indem die Golddomäne aus Gold-Manganoxid Hybridnanopartikeln selektiv entfernt wird. Die so erzeugten konkaven Manganoxidnanopartikel zeigen eine größen- und formspezifische Wechselwirkung mit konvexen Nanopartikeln in komplementärer Form und Größe. Hierbei wird der erste experimentelle Beweis für eine größenspezifische, reversible, interpartikuläre Wechselwirkung in kolloidaler Lösung erbracht. Diese Wechselwirkung ist weitestgehend unabhängig vom Material der Nanopartikel. So können die selben konkaven Manganoxidnanopartikel mit Nanopartikeln aus unterschiedlichen Materialien wie Gold, Silber, Eisenoxid und sogar Gold-Nickelsulfid Kern-Schale Nanopartikeln in gleicher Weise wechselwirken.
FindZebra: A search engine for rare diseases
Creators: name: Dragusin, Radu
name: Petcu, Paula
name: Lioma, Christina
name: Larsen, Birger
name: Jørgensen, Henrik L.
name: Cox, Ingemar J.
name: Hansen, Lars Kai
name: Ingwersen, Peter
name: Winther, Ole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: The web has become a primary information resource about illnesses and treatments for both medical and non-medical users. Standard web search is by far the most common interface for such information. It is therefore of interest to find out how well web search engines work for diagnostic queries and what factors contribute to successes and failures. Among diseases, rare (or orphan) diseases represent an especially challenging and thus interesting class to diagnose as each is rare, diverse in symptoms and usually has scattered resources associated with it. Methods: We use an evaluation approach for web search engines for rare disease diagnosis which includes 56 real life diagnostic cases, state-of-the-art evaluation measures, and curated information resources. In addition, we introduce FindZebra, a specialized (vertical) rare disease search engine. FindZebra is powered by open source search technology and uses curated freely available online medical information. Results: FindZebra outperforms Google Search in both default setup and customised to the resources used by FindZebra. We extend FindZebra with specialized functionalities exploiting medical ontological information and UMLS medical concepts to demonstrate different ways of displaying the retrieved results to medical experts. Conclusions: Our results indicate that a specialized search engine can improve the diagnostic quality without compromising the ease of use of the currently widely popular web search engines. The proposed evaluation approach can be valuable for future development and benchmarking. The FindZebra search engine is available at http://www.findzebra.com/.
Chamaemespilus
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: S. Chamaemespilus (L.) Crantz Cat. 142. Bis 2400m. l: Grammont (J-); Sex du Coeur (J.); Linleux(J.); mehrfach ob Monthey,1300-1700m (Oberli); La Preise südwestlich der Arpille (F.). - 2: Sex Carro, 2190 m, und Mont Bron, 2400 m, ob Fully (Garns). - 3: Combe de Barasson am Gr. St. Bernhard, 2300 m (Melly); Meiden-Blumatt im Turtmanntal, etwa 2250 m (Wille). - 3a: Gondo, ob dem Biel an der italienischen Grenze (Frauenfelder).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Der Geldwert von Gehölzen als Grundstücksbestandteil und bei Unterschutzstellungen im Rahmen von Baumschutzsatzungen : Grundlagen, Methodenvergleich ; Stärken- und Schwächenanalyse ; Effizienz von Baumschutzsatzungen ; Ersatz, Ausgleich, Ausgleichszahlungen im Fokus naturschutzrelevanter Ziele
Creators: name: Schulz, Hans-Joachim
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Valuation of trees
subject: trees and shrubs as an integral part of property
subject: trees and shrubs protected by tree preservation order
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft

description: [no abstract]
Recursive Euclidean Distance Based Robust Aggregation Technique For Federated Learning
Creators: name: Herath, Charuka
name: Rahulamathavan, Yogachandran
name: Liu, Xiaolan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning has gained popularity as a solution to data availability and privacy challenges in machine learning. However, the aggregation process of local model updates to obtain a global model in federated learning is susceptible to malicious attacks, such as backdoor poisoning, label-flipping, and membership inference. Malicious users aim to sabotage the collaborative learning process by training the local model with malicious data. In this paper, we propose a novel robust aggregation approach based on recursive Euclidean distance calculation. Our approach measures the distance of the local models from the previous global model and assigns weights accordingly. Local models far away from the global model are assigned smaller weights to minimize the data poisoning effect during aggregation. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms by at least $5\%$ in accuracy while reducing time complexity by less than $55\%$. Our contribution is significant as it addresses the critical issue of malicious attacks in federated learning while improving the accuracy of the global model.
Contributions of symptomatic osteoarthritis and physical function to incident cardiovascular disease
Creators: name: Renner, Jordan
name: Tsai, Allen
name: Callahan, Leigh F
name: Nelson, Amanda E
name: Jordan, Joanne M
name: Allen, Kelli D
name: Alvarez, Carolina
name: Golightly, Yvonne M
name: Cleveland, Rebecca J
name: Corsi, Michela
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
                Background
                Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with worsening physical function and a high prevalence of comorbid health conditions. In particular, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is higher in individuals with OA than the general population. Limitations in physical function may be one pathway to the development of CVD among individuals with OA. This study evaluated associations of symptomatic knee OA (sxKOA), baseline physical function and worsening of function over time with self-reported incident CVD in a community-based cohort.
                Methods
                Our sample consisted of individuals from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project who did not report having CVD at baseline. Variables used to evaluate physical function were the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), time to complete 5 chair stands, and the 8-ft walk. Worsening function for these variables was defined based on previous literature and cutoffs from our sample. Logistic regression analyses examined associations of sxKOA, baseline function and worsening of function over time with self-reported incident CVD, unadjusted and adjusted for relevant demographic and clinical characteristics.
                Results
                Among 1709 participants included in these analyses, the mean age was 59.5 ± 9.5 years, 63.6% were women, 15% had sxKOA, and the follow up time was 5.9 ± 1.2 years. About a third of participants reported worsening HAQ score, about two-fifths had worsened chair stand time, half had worsened walking speed during the 8-ft walk, and 16% self-reported incident CVD. In unadjusted analyses, sxKOA, baseline function, and worsening function were all associated with self-reported incident CVD. In multivariable models including all of these variables, sxKOA was not associated with incident CVD, but worsening function was significantly associated with increased CVD risk, for all three functional measures: HAQ odds ratio (OR) = 2.49 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.90–3.25), chair stands OR = 1.58 (95% CI 1.20–2.08), 8-ft walk OR = 1.53 (95%CI 1.15–2.04). These associations for worsening function remained in models additionally adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics related to CVD risk.
                Conclusions
                The association between symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease risk was explained by measures of physical function. This highlights the importance of physical activity and other strategies to prevent functional loss among individuals with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.
All-optical supercontinuum switching
Creators: name: Melchert, Oliver
name: Brée, Carsten
name: Tajalli, Ayhan
name: Pape, Alexander
name: Arkhipov, Rostislav
name: Willms, Stephanie
name: Babushkin, Ihar
name: Skryabin, Dimitry
name: Steinmeyer, Günther
name: Morgner, Uwe
name: Demircan, Ayhan
Publisher: name: Berlin [u.a.] : Nature Research
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: solitons
subject: switching
subject: all optical switch
subject: all-optical logic gates
subject: all-optical switching
subject: light-matter interactions
subject: nonlinear optical interactions
subject: resonant enhancements
subject: soliton dynamics
subject: switching efficiency
subject: optical switches
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Efficient all-optical switching is a challenging task as photons are bosons and cannot immediately interact with each other. Consequently, one has to resort to nonlinear optical interactions, with the Kerr gate being the classical example. However, the latter requires strong pulses to switch weaker ones. Numerous approaches have been investigated to overcome the resulting lack of fan-out capability of all-optical switches, most of which relied on types of resonant enhancement of light-matter interaction. Here we experimentally demonstrate a novel approach that utilizes switching between different portions of soliton fission induced supercontinua, exploiting an optical event horizon. This concept enables a high switching efficiency and contrast in a dissipation free setting. Our approach enables fan-out, does not require critical biasing, and is at least partially cascadable. Controlling complex soliton dynamics paves the way towards building all-optical logic gates with advanced functionalities. © 2020, The Author(s).
Application of a smoothing technique to decomposition in convex optimization
Creators: name: Necoara, Ion
name: Suykens, Johan A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Dual decomposition is a powerful technique for deriving decomposition schemes for convex optimization problems with separable structure. Although the Augmented Lagrangian is computationally more stable than the ordinary Lagrangian, the prox-term destroys the separability of the given problem. In this paper we use another approach to obtain a smooth Lagrangian, based on a smoothing technique developed by Nesterov, which preserves separability of the problem. With this approach we derive a new decomposition method, called proximal center algorithm, which from the viewpoint of efficiency estimates improves the bounds on the number of iterations of the classical dual gradient scheme by an order of magnitude. This can be achieved with the new decomposition algorithm since the resulting dual function has good smoothness properties and since we make use of the particular structure of the given problem.
description: 7 Pages
Automatische Bestimmung von Verknüpfungspunkten für HRSC-Bilder der Mars Express-Mission
Creators: name: Schmidt, Ralph
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Photogrammetrie
subject: Mars Express
subject: digitale Bildzuordnung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::520 | Astronomie, Kartographie

description: [no abstract]
Building ventilation: A pressure airflow model computer generation and elements of validation
Creators: name: Boyer, H.
name: Lauret, A. P.
name: Adelard, L.
name: Mara, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The calculation of airflows is of great importance for detailed building thermal simulation computer codes, these airflows most frequently constituting an important thermal coupling between the building and the outside on one hand, and the different thermal zones on the other. The driving effects of air movement, which are the wind and the thermal buoyancy, are briefly outlined and we look closely at their coupling in the case of buildings, by exploring the difficulties associated with large openings. Some numerical problems tied to the resolving of the non-linear system established are also covered. Part of a detailled simulation software (CODYRUN), the numerical implementation of this airflow model is explained, insisting on data organization and processing allowing the calculation of the airflows. Comparisons are then made between the model results and in one hand analytical expressions and in another and experimental measurements in case of a collective dwelling.
Understanding the growth mechanism of graphene on Ge/Si(001) surfaces
Creators: name: Dabrowski, J.
name: Lippert, G.
name: Avila, J.
name: Baringhaus, Jens
name: Colambo, I.
name: Dedkov, Y.S.
name: Herziger, F.
name: Lupina, G.
name: Maultzsch, J.
name: Schaffus, T.
name: Schroeder, T.
name: Kot, M.
name: Tegenkamp, Christoph
name: Vignaud, D.
name: Asensio, M.-C.
Publisher: name: London : Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Synthesis of graphene
subject: Surfaces, interfaces and thin films
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften

description: A wide variety of enzymatic pathways that produce specialized metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants are known to be encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters. Information about these clusters, pathways and metabolites is currently dispersed throughout the literature, making it difficult to exploit. To facilitate consistent and systematic deposition and retrieval of data on biosynthetic gene clusters, we propose the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard.
Income and wealth as correlates of socioeconomic disparity in dentist visits among adults aged 20 years and over in the United States, 2011–2014
Creators: name: Dye, Bruce A
name: Iafolla, Timothy
name: Quiñonez, Carlos
name: Stewart Williams, Jennifer
name: Kailembo, Alexander
name: Lopez Mitnik, Gabriela V
name: Preet, Raman
name: Weintraub, Jane A
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
                Background
                Most studies in the United States (US) have used income and education as socioeconomic indicators but there is limited information on other indicators, such as wealth. We aimed to assess how two socioeconomic status measures, income and wealth, compare as correlates of socioeconomic disparity in dentist visits among adults in the US.
                Methods
                Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 were used to calculate self-reported dental visit prevalence for adults aged 20 years and over living in the US. Prevalence ratios using Poisson regressions were conducted separately with income and wealth as independent variables. The dependent variable was not having a dentist visit in the past 12 months. Covariates included sociodemographic factors and untreated dental caries. Parsimonious models, including only statistically significant (p < 0.05) covariates, were derived. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) measured the relative statistical quality of the income and wealth models. Analyses were additionally stratified by race/ethnicity in response to statistically significant interactions.
                Results
                The prevalence of not having a dentist visit in the past 12 months among adults aged 20 years and over was 39%. Prevalence was highest in the poorest (58%) and lowest wealth (57%) groups. In the parsimonious models, adults in the poorest and lowest wealth groups were close to twice as likely to not have a dentist visit (RR 1.69; 95%CI: 1.51–1.90) and (RR 1.68; 95%CI: 1.52–1.85) respectively. In the income model the risk of not having a dentist visit were 16% higher in the age group 20–44 years compared with the 65+ year age group (RR 1.16; 95%CI: 1.04–1.30) but age was not statistically significant in the wealth model. The AIC scores were lower (better) for the income model. After stratifying by race/ethnicity, age remained a significant indicator for dentist visits for non-Hispanic whites, blacks, and Asians whereas age was not associated with dentist visits in the wealth model.
                Conclusions
                Income and wealth are both indicators of socioeconomic disparities in dentist visits in the US, but both do not have the same impact in some populations in the US.
Elaboration of global quality standards for natural and low energy cooling in French tropical island buildings
Creators: name: Garde, F.
name: Boyer, H.
name: Gatina, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electric load profiles of tropical islands in developed countries are characterised by morning, midday and evening peaks arising from all year round high power demand in the commercial and residential sectors, due mostly to air conditioning appliances and bad thermal conception of the building. The work presented in this paper has led to the conception of a global quality standards obtained through optimized bioclimatic urban planning and architectural design, the use of passive cooling architectural components, natural ventilation and energy efficient systems such as solar water heaters. We evaluated, with the aid of an airflow and thermal building simulation software (CODYRUN), the impact of each technical solution on thermal comfort within the building. These technical solutions have been implemented in 280 new pilot dwelling projects through the year 1996.
description: cited By (since 1996) 13
Einsatz von 3D-CAD bei der Vermittlung des Lehrgegenstands Darstellende Geometrie in der Hochschulausbildung zum Architekten : Untersuchungen anhand beispielhafter Aufgaben in zugeordneten Normalrissen mit dem Programm AutoCAD 2007
Creators: name: Schmitt, Frank
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Darstellende Geometrie
subject: CAD
subject: Architektur
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: [no abstract]
Trend prediction in temporal bipartite networks: the case of Movielens, Netflix, and Digg
Creators: name: Zeng, An
name: Gualdi, Stanislao
name: Medo, Matus
name: Zhang, Yi-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Online systems where users purchase or collect items of some kind can be effectively represented by temporal bipartite networks where both nodes and links are added with time. We use this representation to predict which items might become popular in the near future. Various prediction methods are evaluated on three distinct datasets originating from popular online services (Movielens, Netflix, and Digg). We show that the prediction performance can be further enhanced if the user social network is known and centrality of individual users in this network is used to weight their actions.
description: 9 pages, 1 table, 5 figures
Determinants of hospitalization in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes receiving a peer support intervention and JADE integrated care: the PEARL randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Oldenburg, Brian
name: Luk, Andrea O
name: Kong, Alice P S
name: Ozaki, Risa
name: Lau, K. P
name: Ma, Ronald
name: Tsang, Chiu C
name: Zhang, Yuying
name: Yin, Junmei
name: Yeung, Roseanne O
name: Pan, Jun-Hao
name: Goggins, Williams
name: So, Wing-Yee
name: Fisher, Edwin
name: Chan, Julianna
name: Cai, Jing-Heng
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract Background In a randomized controlled trial of 628 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes receiving multidisciplinary care in the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) Progam, 372 were randomized to receive additional telephone-based peer support (Peer Empowerment And Remote communication Linked by information technology, PEARL) intervention. After 12 months, all-cause hospitalization was reduced by half in the PEARL group especially in those with high Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) scores. Methods We used stratified analyses, negative binomial regression, and structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine the inter-relationships between emotions, self-management, cardiometabolic risk factors, and hospitalization. Results Hospitalized patients were older, more likely to have heart or kidney disease, and negative emotions than those without hospitalization. Patients with high DASS score who did not receive peer support had the highest hospitalization rates. After adjustment for confounders, peer support reduced the frequency of hospitalizations by 48% with a relative risk of 0.52 (95% CI 0·35–0·79;p = 0·0018). Using SEM, improvement of negative emotions reduced treatment nonadherence (Est = 0.240, p = 0.034) and hospitalizations (Est=−0.218, p = 0.001). The latter was also reduced by an interactive term of peer support and chronic kidney disease (Est = 0.833, p = < 0.001) and that of peer support and heart disease (Est = 0.455, p = 0.001). Conclusions In type 2 diabetes, improvement of negative emotions and peer support reduced hospitalizations, especially in those with comorbidities, in part mediated through improving treatment nonadherence. Integrating peer support is feasible and adds value to multidisciplinary care, augmented by information technology, especially in patients with comorbidities. Trial registration NCT00950716 Registered July 31, 2009.
Gestaltung von Rotoren permanentmagneterregter Synchronmaschinen für die Metalladditive Fertigung
Creators: name: Urbanek, Stefan
Publisher: name: Garbsen/Hannover : TEWISS Verlag
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: permanent magnet synchronous machine
subject: PMSM
subject: rotor active part
subject: additive manufacturing
subject: laser beam melting
subject: skewing
subject: eddy current effects
subject: surface loss
subject: Design
subject: rotor
subject: metal additive
subject: manufacturing
subject: Permanentmagneterregte Synchronmaschine
subject: Rotoraktivteil
subject: Additive Fertigung
subject: Laserstrahlschmelzen
subject: Schrägung
subject: Wirbelstromeffekte
subject: Oberflächenverluste
subject: Gestaltung
subject: Rotor
subject: Metalladditive
subject: Fertigung
subject: IAL
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Die 3D-Gestaltungsfreiheit der Additiven Fertigung kann auch im Elektromaschinenbau vorteilhaft zur Funktionsintegration oder zur Erhöhung des Leichtbaugrads genutzt werden. Dies wird in der vorliegenden Dissertation am Beispiel von Rotoren permanentmagneterregter Synchronmaschinen erforscht. Da im Fall massiver Rotoren insbesondere im Bereich der Rotoroberfläche Wirbelstromverluste zu erwarten sind, wird zunächst der Ansatz diskutiert, ebendiese Wirbelstromeffekte durch gezieltes Schraffieren der Rotoroberfläche zu unterdrücken. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit ist die Gestaltung des Rotors für die Additive Fertigung, wobei insbesondere der weichmagnetische Rotorteil so gestaltet wird, dass eine Schrägungswirkung erzielt wird und gleichzeitig die Magnettaschen axial gerade verbleiben. Die Auswirkung dieser Art der Schrägung wird dabei ausführlich diskutiert und die Erkenntnisse messtechnisch validiert, um daraus letztlich Handlungsempfehlungen zur vorteilhaften Gestaltung von additiv gefertigten Rotoren abzuleiten.
Regulation of interferon regulatory factor-3 by the hepatitis C virus serine protease
Creators: name: Sumpter, Rhea, Jr.
name: Li, Kui
name: Wang, Chunfu
name: Ikeda, Masanori
name: Foy, Eileen
name: Lemon, Stanley M.
name: Gale, Michael, Jr.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Persistent infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are likely to depend on viral inhibition of host defenses. We show that the HCV NS3/4A serine protease blocks the phosphorylation and effector action of interferon regulatory factor–3 (IRF-3), a key cellular antiviral signaling molecule. Disruption of NS3/4A protease function by mutation or a ketoamide peptidomimetic inhibitor relieved this blockade and restored IRF-3 phosphorylation after cellular challenge with an unrelated virus. Furthermore, dominant-negative or constitutively active IRF-3 mutants, respectively, enhanced or suppressed HCV RNA replication in hepatoma cells. Thus, the NS3/4A protease represents a dual therapeutic target, the inhibition of which may both block viral replication and restore IRF-3 control of HCV infection.
Holographic Special Relativity
Creators: name: Wise, Derek K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We reinterpret special relativity, or more precisely its de Sitter deformation, in terms of 3d conformal geometry, as opposed to (3+1)d spacetime geometry. An inertial observer, usually described by a geodesic in spacetime, becomes instead a choice of ways to reverse the conformal compactification of a Euclidean vector space up to scale. The observer's "current time," usually given by a point along the geodesic, corresponds to the choice of scale in the decompactification. We also show how arbitrary conformal 3-geometries give rise to "observer space geometries," as defined in recent work, from which spacetime can be reconstructed under certain integrability conditions. We conjecture a relationship between this kind of "holographic relativity" and the "shape dynamics" proposal of Barbour and collaborators, in which conformal space takes the place of spacetime in general relativity. We also briefly survey related pictures of observer space, including the AdS analog and a representation related to twistor theory.
description: 17 pages, 5 illustrations
Panta rhei - Zufall, Wandel und Evolution charakterisieren unsere Welt
Creators: name: Wink, Michael
Publisher: name: Heidelberg University Publishing
Year: 2016

description: Menschen lieben die Illusion, in einer stabilen Welt und Umwelt zu leben. Die Wirklichkeit zeigt aber häufig das Gegenteil: Werden, Vergehen und Zufall spielen eine größere Rolle als Stabilität. Diese Erkenntnis lehrten Philosophen (Heraklit, Epikur, Lukrez) schon vor über 2000 Jahren. Alle Lebewesen auf unserem Planeten, inklusive des Menschen und seiner Vorfahren, haben sich im Verlauf der Evolution ständig verändert und weiterentwickelt und tun es auch heute noch. Arten diversifizieren sich und verändern stetig ihre Verbreitung. Auch unser Planet Erde unterliegt seit seiner Entstehung vor 4,55 Milliarden Jahre einem steten Wandel, was die Lage und Größe der Kontinente oder das Klima angeht. Insbesondere weisen die letzten 2 Millionen Jahre einen zyklischen Wechsel von Warm- und Kaltzeiten auf. Der moderne Mensch hat seine Umwelt seit jeher durch diverse Schlüsselinnovationen (Schrift, Werkzeuge, Hausbau, Domestikation von Pflanzen und Tieren, Jagd und Technologien) aktiv beeinflusst und ständig verändert. Diese Entwicklung wird in der Neuzeit, in der die Menschheit auf über 7 Milliarden Individuen angewachsen ist, besonders sichtbar. Aber auch im Bereich der Soziologie, Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Politik kann man ein Werden und Vergehen von Konzepten und Modellen erkennen, ähnlich wie dies für die physische Welt und belebte Natur (Evolution) diskutiert wird. Der Leitspruch von Heraklit von Ephesos „panta rhei“ fasst die Wirklichkeit unserer Welt und unseres Daseins treffend zusammen.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 1 (2016): Stabilität im Wandel
Botschafter Jacob Gould Schurman und die Universität Heidelberg
Creators: name: Junker, Detlef
Publisher: name: Heidelberg University Publishing
Year: 2016

description: Das Verhältnis von Botschafter Schurman zur Universität Heidelberg und die Wirkungen seiner Initiative sind ein Spiegel der deutsch-amerikanischen Beziehungen von 1871 bis zur Gegenwart. Schurman studierte in Deutschland nach der Reichsgründung, als die Universitäten des Deutschen Reichs und die deutsche Kultur in den USA ein hohes Ansehen genossen. Im Ersten Weltkrieg verfiel auch Schurman dem Zeitgeist und wurde zum intellektuellen Kriegshetzer gegen Deutschland. Nach 1919 stellte sich bei ihm eine schnelle Ernüchterung über den Versailler Vertrag ein, den die USA nicht unterzeichnet hatten. In seiner Zeit als Botschafter von 1925 bis 1930 setzte Schurman alles daran, die deutsch-amerikanischen Beziehungen in der zweiten Hälfte der Weimarer Republik zu verbessern. Unermüdlich warb er in Kultur und Wissenschaft für ein besseres Verständnis seines Landes. Schurmans Initiative für den Bau eines neuen Kollegiengebäudes darf als Höhepunkt dieser Politik gelten. Ab 1931 setzte bei ihm schrittweise eine neue Phase der Enttäuschung und Skepsis gegenüber Deutschland ein, als er miterleben musste, wie der NS-Zeitgeist die Universität Heidelberg ergriff und er ab 1938 zu dem Schluss kam, dass Hitler und das NS-Regime eine vitale Bedrohung auch für die USA darstellten. Er konnte allerdings kaum voraussehen, dass sein Name und sein Vorbild an der Universität Heidelberg eine nachhaltige Initiative zum Aufbau der Amerikastudien an Deutschlands ältester Universität auslösen würde.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 1 (2016): Stabilität im Wandel
Die Bedeutung öffentlicher Forschungseinrichtungen für betriebliche Innovationsprozesse in Thailand
Creators: name: Mildahn, Björn
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: University-industry cooperation
subject: knowledge transfer
subject: Universitäre-industrielle Kooperationen
subject: Wissenstransfer
subject: Thailand
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::900 | Geschichte und Geografie::910 | Geografie, Reisen

description: [no abstract]
Age and African-American race impact the validity and reliability of the asthma control test in persistent asthmatics
Creators: name: Reeve, Bryce B
name: Steele, Pamela
name: Massey, Lauren D
name: Frye, Marcia
name: Rosen, Jonathan
name: Ivins, Sally
name: Hernandez, Michelle L
name: Loughlin, Ceila E
name: Zhou, Haibo
name: Burbank, Allison J
name: Todoric, Krista
name: Mills, Katherine
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
                Background
                The Asthma Control Test (ACT) is widely used to assess asthma control, yet the validity and reliability of the test have not been specifically evaluated in adolescents or African-Americans. We conducted a prospective psychometric study of the ACT in African-American (AA) and non-African-American (nAA) adolescents with persistent asthma, with emphasis on the clinical utility of the test for medical decision making.
                Methods
                Participants completed the ACT and performed spirometry. A physician conducted a guidelines-based assessment of asthma control, blinded to the ACT score. Study procedures were repeated 6–8 weeks later. The ACT-based asthma control assessment was compared to physician assessment.
                Results
                For baseline and follow-up visits, internal consistency, as measured using Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.80 and 0.81 in AA teens and 0.80 and 0.83 in nAA teens. Intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.59 and 0.76 in AA and nAA teens, respectively, with stable asthma control over time. Agreement between ACT and physician assessment was moderate in AA teens and fair in nAA teens. An ACT score of ≤19 showed reduced sensitivity for not well controlled asthma in both groups, while a score of ≤21 had the greatest area under the ROC curve. ACT scores were marginally responsive to change in control status.
                Conclusions
                Concerns for the ACT’s ability to detect uncontrolled asthma in adolescents emphasizes the need for a more comprehensive evaluation of asthma control in clinical settings. A higher threshold ACT score to define not well controlled asthma may be needed if the ACT is to be used for medical decision making.
                Trial registration
                ClinicalTrials.gov:
                    NCT02671643
                  ,
                    NCT02662413
                  .
Cassini UVIS observations of the Io plasma torus. II. Radial variations
Creators: name: Steffl, Andrew J.
name: Bagenal, Fran
name: Stewart, A. Ian F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On January 14, 2001, shortly after the Cassini spacecraft's closest approach to Jupiter, the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (UVIS) made a radial scan through the midnight sector of Io plasma torus. The Io torus has not been previously observed at this local time. The UVIS data consist of 2-D spectrally dispersed images of the Io plasma torus in the wavelength range of 561Å-1912Å. We developed a spectral emissions model that incorporates the latest atomic physics data contained in the CHIANTI database in order to derive the composition of the torus plasma as a function of radial distance. Electron temperatures derived from the UVIS torus spectra are generally less than those observed during the Voyager era. We find the torus ion composition derived from the UVIS spectra to be significantly different from the composition during the Voyager era. Notably, the torus contains substantially less oxygen, with a total oxygen-to-sulfur ion ratio of 0.9. The average ion charge state has increased to 1.7. We detect S V in the Io torus at the 3σ level. S V has a mixing ratio of 0.5%. The spectral emission model used in can approximate the effects of a non-thermal distribution of electrons. The ion composition derived using a kappa distribution of electrons is identical to that derived using a Maxwellian electron distribution; however, the kappa distribution model requires a higher electron column density to match the observed brightness of the spectra. The derived value of the kappa parameter decreases with radial distance and is consistent with the value of κ=2.4 at 8 RJ derived by the Ulysses URAP instrument (Meyer-Vernet et al., 1995). The observed radial profile of electron column density is consistent with a flux tube content, NL^2, that is proportional to r^-2.
description: 50 pages 10 figures
Beanspruchung von Kupplungskörpern
Creators: name: Pfeifer, Bernd
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Synchronizers
subject: dog bodies
subject: speed gear tilting
subject: speed gear bearings
subject: Synchronisierungen
subject: Kupplungskörper
subject: Losradkippen
subject: Losradlagerung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: [no abstract]
Improving Data Curation Services Within an Institutional Repository
Creators: name: Kati, Rebekah
name: Rudder, Julie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: The Carolina Digital Repository has accepted mediated data deposits since 2010. Over the past year we have been rethinking our data curation services. Therefore, we have had to ask ourselves, what are the goals of a data curation service? What are most valuable services we can offer with our level of resources? And what features should a self-deposit Institutional Repository system have to support data?This presentation will describe the results of an exercise to identify essential data curation activities defined by the Data Curation Network as it pertains to UNC Libraries’ data curation services implementation. We will present our evaluation of services provided by peer institutions and how we worked for administrative buy-in to implement the improved service. We will also highlight our planned use of Hyrax as a basis for our data support within a general Institutional Repository system. We will share our successes, failures, lessons learned, and where we hope to go next.
Enzyme-Based Logic Analysis of Biomarkers at Physiological Concentrations: AND Gate with Double-Sigmoid "Filter" Response
Creators: name: Halamek, Jan
name: Zavalov, Oleksandr
name: Halamkova, Lenka
name: Korkmaz, Sevim
name: Privman, Vladimir
name: Katz, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first realization of a biomolecular AND gate function with double-sigmoid response (sigmoid in both inputs). Two enzyme biomarker inputs activate the gate output signal which can then be used as indicating liver injury, but only when both of these inputs have elevated pathophysiological concentrations, effectively corresponding to logic-1 of the binary gate functioning. At lower, normal physiological concentrations, defined as logic-0 inputs, the liver-injury output levels are not obtained. High-quality gate functioning in handling of various sources of noise, on time scales of relevance to potential applications is enabled by utilizing "filtering" effected by a simple added biocatalytic process. The resulting gate response is sigmoid in both inputs when proper system parameters are chosen, and the gate properties are theoretically analyzed within a model devised to evaluate its noise-handling properties.