cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Handling Recoverable Temporal Violations in Scientific Workflow Systems: A Workflow Rescheduling Based Strategy
Creators: name: Liu, Xiao
name: Chen, Jinjun
name: Wu, Zhangjun
name: Ni, Zhiwei
name: Yuan, Dong
name: Yang, Yun
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Due to the complex nature of scientific workflow systems, the violations of temporal QoS constraints often take place and may severely affect the usefulness of the execution's results. Therefore, to deliver satisfactory QoS, temporal violations need to be recovered effectively. However, such an issue has so far not been well addressed. In this paper, we first propose a probability based temporal consistency model to define the temporal violations which are statistically recoverable by light-weight exception handling strategies. Afterwards, a novel Ant Colony Optimisation based two-stage workflow local rescheduling strategy (ACOWR) is proposed to handle detected recoverable temporal violations in an automatic and cost-effective fashion. The simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of our handling strategy in reducing both local and global temporal violation rates.
Krasovsky, K. S. (2015). Reduced Ignition Propensity cigarette regulations and decline in fires, fire injuries and fatalities in Canada.
Creators: name: Andreeva, Tatiana
name: Krasovsky, Konstantin S
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Medicine

description: Krasovsky, K. S. (2015). Reduced Ignition Propensity cigarette regulations and decline in fires, fire injuries and fatalities in Canada. Tobacco Control and Public Health in Eastern Europe, 5(1), 13-19. Abstract BACKGROUND: On October 1, 2005, Canada became the first country to implement a nationwide cigarette fire-safety standard for Reduced Ignition Propensity (RIP) cigarettes. The aim of the paper is to estimate the impact of the RIP cigarette regulations on the number of smoking-related fires (SRF), fire injuries (SRFI), and fatalities (SRFF) in Canada. METHODS: As there are no national fire statistics data, the data from Canadian provinces were studied. The data with smoking mentioned as the source of ignition were found for four provinces and grouped into two time periods: pre-implementation (2000–2004) and post-implementation (2005–2009). Average annual indicators for each period were compared. RESULTS: In Alberta, the number of home SRF and SRFF did not change much, while small (14%) reduction was observed in SRFI. In British Columbia, the percentage of SRF in all fires decreased by 15% and the number of SRFI and SRFF declined by 41% and 49% respectively. In Ontario, the average number of SRF and SRFI per year slightly decreased; however, the number of SRFF increased. In Saskatchewan, fires caused by smokers’ materials decreased almost by half while number of fatalities and injuries decreased even to a larger extent. Most prominent was the reduction of fatalities and injuries in fires with cigarettes as the source of ignition: they decreased more than three-fold in Saskatchewan. CONCLUSION: Canadian fire statistics do not allow estimating fire loss reduction as a result of the implemented RIP cigarette regulations for the whole country. Two Canadian provinces (British Columbia and Saskatchewan) experienced substantial reduction in fires ignited by manufactured cigarettes, and a corresponding reduction in the associated fire fatalities and injuries. In Alberta, only the number of smoking fire injuries has shown some decrease. No substantial changes were observed in Ontario, probably due to high level of cigarette smuggling. KEYWORDS: Reduced Ignition Propensity (RIP) cigarettes; Canada; fire injuries; fire-safe cigarettes.
First operation of undoped CsI directly coupled with SiPMs at 77 Kelvin
Creators: name: Ding, Keyu
name: Liu, Jing
name: Yang, Yongjin
name: Chernyak, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light yield of a small undoped cesium iodide (CsI) crystal directly coupled with two silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) at about 77~Kelvin was measured to be $43.0 \pm 1.1$~photoelectrons (PE) per keV electron-equivalent (keV$_\text{ee}$) using $X$ and $γ$-ray peaks from an $^{241}$Am radioactive source from 18 to 60 keV. The high light yield together with some other technical advantages illustrate the great potential of this novel combination for neutrino and low-mass dark matter detection, particularly at accelerator-based neutrino sources, where random background can be highly suppressed by requiring coincident triggers between SiPMs and beam pulse timing signals. Some potential drawbacks of using cryogenic SiPMs instead of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) were identified, such as worse energy resolution and optical cross-talks between SiPMs. Their influence to rare-event detection was discussed and possible solutions were provided.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures
A metamorphic approach to integration testing of context-sensitive middleware-based applications
Creators: name: Chan, W. K.
name: Chen, Tsong
name: Lu, Heng
name: Tse, T. H.
name: Yau, Stephen S.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: During the testing of context-sensitive middleware-based software, the middleware identifies the current situation and invokes the appropriate functions of the applications. Since the middleware remains active and the situation may continue to evolve, however, the conclusion of some test cases may not be easily identified. Moreover, failures appearing in one situation may be superseded by subsequent correct outcomes and may, therefore, be hidden. We alleviate the above problems by making use of a special kind of situation, which we call checkpoints, such that the middleware will not activate the functions under test. We propose to generate test cases that start at a checkpoint and end at another. We identify functional relations that associate different execution sequences of a test case. Based on a metamorphic approach, we check the results of the test case to detect any contravention of such relations. We illustrate our technique with an example that shows how re-hidden failures may be detected.
Generic and consistent confidence and credible regions
Creators: name: Bartels, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Probability
subject: 10405 Statistical Theory

description: A generic, consistent, efficient and exact method is proposed for set selection. The method is generic in that its definition and implementation uses only the likelihood function. The method is consistent in that the same criterion is used to select confidence and credible sets making the two kinds of sets consistent even though the two sets may differ since they answer different questions. The method is exact in that no approximations are used except numerical integration which can be made as exact as needed by investing computational resources. The method is efficient to the point that it makes possible confidence set determinations by numerical integration which are otherwise impractical. The method requires computational resources comparable to what is needed for a Bayesian analysis and may be more efficient than bootstrap of maximum likelihood estimates as it avoids repeated minimizations of randomly perturbed data. Central to the proposed approach are the use of (1) reference priors (e.g., Bernardo, 2005), (2) pointwise mutual information as test statistics and (3) importance sampling to efficiently evaluate series of related statistical integrals (e.g., Schafer, 2009). These central pieces are expected to be useful to address statistical questions beyond set selection.
5GCity Virtualization Infrastructure Final Release (D3.3)
Creators: name: Sechkova, Teodora
name: Paolino, Michele
name: Kraja, Elian
name: Agueci, Leonardo
name: Carrozzo, Gino
name: Garcia, Antonio
name: Moore, Trevor
name: Betzler, August
name: Meixner, Carlos Colman
name: Huici, Felipe
name: Diogo, Pedro
name: Colom, Jordi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: A follow-up of D3.2, this deliverable reports on the final 5GCity node implementation, including extensive performance testing and, likely, results from field deployments in partner cities.
Aircraft Fire and Evacuation Simulation
Creators: name: Galea, Edwin
Publisher: name: AeroLectures
Year: 2014
Subjects: aircraft
fire
evacuation
simulation
FSEG
B737
CFD
A380
airbus
WTC 9/11
flashover
trial
accidents
PAX
deck
BWB
airEXODUS
toxic
irritant
physical
hazards
temperature
thermal
radiation
HCN
CO
CO2
O2
HCL
HF
FED
FIC
smoke
A340-600
Mitsubishi
MRJ
BA
B777
Jet
aviation
VIP
Zodiac
experiment
validation
egress
blind
SMARTFIRE
K – EPS
turbulence
GPU
C133 FAA
coupled
arbitrary
FAR25.803
B373
A320
cabin
fuselage
rupture
flame
Eddy
dissipation
combustion
48-ray
material
HRRs
on-ground
fatality
efficiency
wide-body
aircraftfire
FP7
pool
wind
burn-through
aluminium
composite
aerolectures
aerolectures2014

description: The evacuation certification trial is an aviation benchmark, requiring that all the passengers must safely evacuate from an aircraft within 90 seconds, through 50% of the available exits. Prof. Ed Galea will present his research into aircraft fire safety, considering factors such as human behaviour, fuel flashover data and available exits, and ask whether the certification testing is really good enough?
description: Hamburg Aerospace Lecture Series --- Collection of Presentations --- http://www.AeroLectures.de
Spatial-Temporal Sequential Hypergraph Network for Crime Prediction with Dynamic Multiplex Relation Learning
Creators: name: Xia, Lianghao
name: Huang, Chao
name: Xu, Yong
name: Dai, Peng
name: Bo, Liefeng
name: Zhang, Xiyue
name: Chen, Tianyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Crime prediction is crucial for public safety and resource optimization, yet is very challenging due to two aspects: i) the dynamics of criminal patterns across time and space, crime events are distributed unevenly on both spatial and temporal domains; ii) time-evolving dependencies between different types of crimes (e.g., Theft, Robbery, Assault, Damage) which reveal fine-grained semantics of crimes. To tackle these challenges, we propose Spatial-Temporal Sequential Hypergraph Network (ST-SHN) to collectively encode complex crime spatial-temporal patterns as well as the underlying category-wise crime semantic relationships. In specific, to handle spatial-temporal dynamics under the long-range and global context, we design a graph-structured message passing architecture with the integration of the hypergraph learning paradigm. To capture category-wise crime heterogeneous relations in a dynamic environment, we introduce a multi-channel routing mechanism to learn the time-evolving structural dependency across crime types. We conduct extensive experiments on two real-world datasets, showing that our proposed ST-SHN framework can significantly improve the prediction performance as compared to various state-of-the-art baselines. The source code is available at: https://github.com/akaxlh/ST-SHN.
description: This paper has been published as a research paper at IJCAI 2021
A Perspective on Electrical Generation of Spin Current for Magnetic Random Access Memories
Creators: name: Safranski, Christopher
name: Sun, Jonathan Z.
name: Kent, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin currents are used to write information in magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices by switching the magnetization direction of one of the ferromagnetic electrodes of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) nanopillar. Different physical mechanisms of conversion of charge current to spin current can be used in 2-terminal and 3-terminal device geometries. In 2-terminal devices, charge-to-spin conversion occurs by spin filtering in the MTJ's ferromagnetic electrodes and present day MRAM devices operate near the theoretically expected maximum charge-to-spin conversion efficiency. In 3-terminal devices, spin-orbit interactions in a channel material can also be used to generate large spin currents. In this perspective article, we discuss charge-to-spin conversion processes that can satisfy the requirements of MRAM technology. We emphasize the need to develop channel materials with larger charge-to-spin conversion efficiency -- that can equal or exceed that produced by spin filtering -- and spin currents with a spin polarization component perpendicular to the channel interface. This would enable high-performance devices based on sub-20 nm diameter perpendicularly magnetized MTJ nanopillars without need of a symmetry breaking field. We also discuss MRAM characteristics essential for CMOS integration. Finally, we identify critical research needs for charge-to-spin conversion measurements and metrics that can be used to optimize device channel materials and interface properties prior to full MTJ nanopillar device fabrication and characterization.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Testing context-sensitive middleware-based software applications
Creators: name: Tse, T. H.
name: Yau, Stephen S.
name: Chan, W. K.
name: Lu, Heng
name: Chen, Tsong
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Context-sensitive middleware-based software is an emerging kind of ubiquitous computing application. The components of such software communicate proactively among themselves according to the situational attributes of their environments, known as the 'contexts'. The actual process of accessing and updating the contexts lies with the middleware. The latter invokes the relevant local and remote operations whenever any context inscribed in the situation-aware interface is satisfied. Since the applications operate in a highly dynamic environment, the testing of context-sensitive software is challenging. Metamorphic testing is a property-based testing strategy. It recommends that, even if a test case does not reveal any failure, follow-up test cases should be further constructed from the original to check whether the software satisfies some necessary conditions of the problem to be implemented. This paper proposes to use isotropic properties of contexts as metamorphic relations for testing context-sensitive software. For instance, distinct points on the same isotropic curve of contexts would entail comparable responses by the components. This notion of testing context relations is novel, robust, and intuitive to users.
Alloyed B-(AlxGa1-x)2O3 bulk Czochralski single B-(Al0.1Ga0.9)2O3 and polycrystals B-(Al0.33Ga0.66)2O3, B-(Al0.5Ga0.5)2O3), and property trends
Creators: name: Jesenovec, Jani
name: Dutton, Benjamin L.
name: Stone-Weiss, Nicholas
name: Chmielewski, Adrian
name: Saleh, Muad
name: Peterson, Carl
name: Alem, Nasim
name: Krishnamoorthy, Sriram
name: McCloy, John S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, bulk Czochralski-grown single crystals of 10 mol. % Al2O3 alloyed B-Ga2O3 - monoclinic 10% AGO or B-(Al0.1Ga0.9)2O3 - are obtained, which show +0.20 eV increase in the bandgap compared with unintentionally doped B-Ga2O3. Further, growths of 33% AGO - B-(Al0.33Ga0.67)2O3 - and 50% AGO - B-(Al0.5Ga0.5)2O3 or B-AlGaO3 - produce polycrystalline single-phase monoclinic material (B-AGO). All three compositions are investigated by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, optical absorption, and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). By investigating single phase B-AGO over a large range of Al2O3 concentrations (10 - 50 mol. %), broad trends in the lattice parameter, vibrational modes, optical bandgap, and crystallographic site preference are determined. All lattice parameters show a linear trend with Al incorporation. According to NMR, aluminum incorporates on both crystallographic sites of B-Ga2O3, with a slight preference for the octahedral (GaII) site, which becomes more disordered with increasing Al. Single crystals of 10% AGO were also characterized by x-ray rocking curve, transmission electron microscopy, purity (glow discharge mass spectroscopy and x-ray fluorescence), optical transmission (200 nm - 20 um wavelengths), and resistivity. These measurements suggest that electrical compensation by impurity acceptor doping is not the likely explanation for high resistivity, but rather the shift of a hydrogen level from a shallow donor to a deep acceptor due to Al alloying. .. Cont. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Journal of Applied Physics 131 155702.
Automatic Labeling to Generate Training Data for Online LiDAR-based Moving Object Segmentation
Creators: name: Chen, Xieyuanli
name: Mersch, Benedikt
name: Nunes, Lucas
name: Marcuzzi, Rodrigo
name: Vizzo, Ignacio
name: Behley, Jens
name: Stachniss, Cyrill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding the scene is key for autonomously navigating vehicles and the ability to segment the surroundings online into moving and non-moving objects is a central ingredient for this task. Often, deep learning-based methods are used to perform moving object segmentation (MOS). The performance of these networks, however, strongly depends on the diversity and amount of labeled training data, information that may be costly to obtain. In this paper, we propose an automatic data labeling pipeline for 3D LiDAR data to save the extensive manual labeling effort and to improve the performance of existing learning-based MOS systems by automatically generating labeled training data. Our proposed approach achieves this by processing the data offline in batches. It first exploits an occupancy-based dynamic object removal to detect possible dynamic objects coarsely. Second, it extracts segments among the proposals and tracks them using a Kalman filter. Based on the tracked trajectories, it labels the actually moving objects such as driving cars and pedestrians as moving. In contrast, the non-moving objects, e.g., parked cars, lamps, roads, or buildings, are labeled as static. We show that this approach allows us to label LiDAR data highly effectively and compare our results to those of other label generation methods. We also train a deep neural network with our auto-generated labels and achieve similar performance compared to the one trained with manual labels on the same data, and an even better performance when using additional datasets with labels generated by our approach. Furthermore, we evaluate our method on multiple datasets using different sensors and our experiments indicate that our method can generate labels in diverse environments.
description: under reviewing
Recursive Filtering for Time-Varying Systems with Random Access Protocol
Creators: name: Zou, Lei
name: Wang, Zidong
name: Han, Qinglong
name: Zhou, Donghua
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper is concerned with the recursive filtering problem for a class of networked linear time-varying systems subject to the scheduling of the Random Access Protocol (RAP). The communication between the sensors nodes and the remote filter is implemented via a shared network. For the purpose of preventing the data from collisions, only one sensor node is allowed to get access to the network at each time instant. The transmission order of sensor nodes is orchestrated by the RAP scheduling, under which the selected nodes obtaining access to the network could be characterized by a sequence of independent and identically-distributed (i.i.d) variables. The aim of the addressed filtering problem is to design a recursive filter such that the filtering error covariance could be minimized by properly designing the filter gain at each time instant. The desired filter gain is calculated recursively by solving two Riccati-like difference equations. Furthermore, the boundedness issue of the corresponding filtering error covariance is investigated. Sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the lower and upper bounds of the filtering error covariance. Two illustrative examp
Advancement of the Homogeneous Background Method for the Computational Simulation of Electrochemical Interfaces
Creators: name: Hagopian, Arthur
name: Doublet, Marie-Liesse
name: Filhol, Jean-Sébastien
name: Binninger, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computational studies of electrochemical interfaces based on density-functional theory (DFT) play an increasingly important role in present research on electrochemical processes for energy conversion and storage. The homogeneous background method (HBM) offers a straightforward approach to charge the electrochemical system within DFT simulations, but it typically requires the specification of the "active" fraction of excess electrons based on a certain choice of the electrode-electrolyte boundary location, which can be difficult in presence of electrode-surface adsorbates or explicit solvent molecules. In this work, we present a methodological advancement of the HBM, both facilitating and extending its applicability. The advanced version neither requires energy corrections nor the specification of the "active" fraction of excess electrons, providing a versatile and readily available method for the simulation of charged interfaces also when adsorbates or explicit solvent molecules are present. Our computational DFT results for Pt(111), Au(111) and Li(100) metal electrodes in high-dielectric-constant solvents demonstrate an excellent agreement in the interfacial charging characteristics obtained from simulations with the advanced HBM in comparison with the (linearized) Poisson-Boltzmann model (PBM).
Unified Theory of Information Waves, Quantum Mechanics and Reality
Creators: name: Kitchen, Kris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Interstellar and Intergalactic Matter
subject: Instrumentation, Techniques, and Astronomical Observations
subject: 20104 Galactic Astronomy
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cosmology
subject: Planetary Geology
subject: Stellar Astronomy
subject: Stars, Variable Stars
subject: Astrophysics
subject: Planetary Science
subject: Solar System, Solar Physics, Planets and Exoplanets
subject: Extragalactic Astronomy
subject: Space Science

description: Unified Theory of Information Waves, Quantum Mechanics and Reality
Generic and consistent confidence and credible regions
Creators: name: Bartels, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Probability

description: A generic, consistent, efficient and exact method is proposed for set selection. The method is generic in that its definition and implementation uses only the likelihood function. The method is consistent in that the same criterion is used to select confidence and credible sets making the two kinds of sets consistent even though the two sets may differ since they answer different questions. The method is exact in that no approximations are used except numerical integration which can be made as exact as needed by investing computational resources. The method is comparatively efficient and requires computational resources comparable to what is needed for a Bayesian analysis and may be more efficient than bootstrap of maximum likelihood estimates as it avoids repeated minimizations of randomly perturbed data. Central to the proposed approach are the use of (1) reference priors (e.g., Bernardo, 2005), (2) pointwise mutual information as test statistics and (3) importance sampling to efficiently evaluate series of related statistical integrals (e.g., Schafer, 2009). These central pieces are expected to be useful to address statistical questions beyond set selection.
Mazhnaya A.M. & Islam Z. (2015). Opioid substitution treatment in Ukraine: review of the peer-reviewed literature
Creators: name: Andreeva, Tatiana
name: Mazhnaya, Alyona
name: Zahedul Islam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: Medicine
Diseases
Health Care

description: Mazhnaya A.M. & Islam Z. (2015). Opioid substitution treatment in Ukraine: review of the peer-reviewed literature. Tobacco Control and Public Health in Eastern Europe, 5(1), 1-12. OBJECTIVE: To review published peer-reviewed papers regarding opioid substitution treatment (OST) in Ukraine and to describe the research agenda that has been in parallel with the development of opioid substitution treatment program in Ukraine. Further, to understand research gaps and future directions of scientific efforts concerning the OST implementation in Ukraine. METHODS: Literature search using standardized research terms of PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar was supplemented with consultations with relevant in-country researchers to identify any additional publications that were not found through on-line search. Original literature search has been conducted during August, 2013, two refreshment searches were conducted during October, 2013 and February, 2014. The literature search and eligible papers selection were conducted applying PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: Eight papers were published in peer reviewed journals specifically scrutinizing the features of the OST program or patients’ outcomes in Ukraine. Demonstrating the feasibility of buprenorphine and methadone maintenance treatment in Ukraine was core aim of majority of the papers. Few discussed TB and HIV treatment outcomes and health-related quality of life (QoL). Program description and cost-effectiveness of OST in Ukraine were the topic of two other papers. Decreased injection risk behavior and high retention rates were reported for Ukrainian methadone and buprenorphine patients. Other treatment indicators (TB treatment outcomes, HIV initiation, and services utilizations) have been higher among those on substitution treatment compared to those who were not. QoL besides health-related indicators have been understudied among Ukrainian OST patients. CONCLUSION: Published papers provide evidence to conclude that OST in Ukraine is effective in terms of patients’ retention on treatment and decreasing self-reported HIV-related risk behaviors and also provides a background for wide scale-up of the program. Further research is needed to understand how the program could be improved to better meet the needs of the opioid dependent drug users accounting for Ukrainian context. KEYWORDS: opioid substitution treatment; OST; Ukraine.
Utilizing geospatial data for assessing energy security: Mapping small solar home systems using unmanned aerial vehicles and deep learning
Creators: name: Ren, Simiao
name: Malof, Jordan
name: Fetter, T. Robert
name: Beach, Robert
name: Rineer, Jay
name: Bradbury, Kyle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Solar home systems (SHS), a cost-effective solution for rural communities far from the grid in developing countries, are small solar panels and associated equipment that provides power to a single household. A crucial resource for targeting further investment of public and private resources, as well as tracking the progress of universal electrification goals, is shared access to high-quality data on individual SHS installations including information such as location and power capacity. Though recent studies utilizing satellite imagery and machine learning to detect solar panels have emerged, they struggle to accurately locate many SHS due to limited image resolution (some small solar panels only occupy several pixels in satellite imagery). In this work, we explore the viability and cost-performance tradeoff of using automatic SHS detection on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery as an alternative to satellite imagery. More specifically, we explore three questions: (i) what is the detection performance of SHS using drone imagery; (ii) how expensive is the drone data collection, compared to satellite imagery; and (iii) how well does drone-based SHS detection perform in real-world scenarios. We collect and publicly-release a dataset of high-resolution drone imagery encompassing SHS imaged under real-world conditions and use this dataset and a dataset from Rwanda to evaluate the capabilities of deep learning models to recognize SHS, including those that are too small to be reliably recognized in satellite imagery. The results suggest that UAV imagery may be a viable alternative to identify very small SHS from perspectives of both detection accuracy and financial costs of data collection. UAV-based data collection may be a practical option for supporting electricity access planning strategies for achieving sustainable development goals and for monitoring the progress towards those goals.
description: Published work at IJGI, please use the publisher's open access version of this work: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040222
Approximating quantum thermodynamic properties using DFT
Creators: name: Zawadzki, Krissia
name: Skelt, Amy
name: D'Amico, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fabrication, utilisation, and efficiency of quantum technologies rely on a good understanding of quantum thermodynamic properties. Many-body systems are often used as hardware for these quantum devices, but interactions between particles make the complexity of related calculations grow exponentially with the system size. Here we explore and systematically compare `simple' and `hybrid' approximations to the average work and entropy variation built on static density functional theory concepts. These approximations are computationally cheap and could be applied to large systems. We exemplify them considering driven one-dimensional Hubbard chains and show that, for `simple' approximations and low to medium temperatures, it pays to consider a good Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian to approximate the driving Hamiltonian. Our results confirm that a `hybrid' approach, requiring a very good approximation of the initial and, for the entropy, final states of the system, provides great improvements. This approach should be particularly efficient when many-body effects are not increased by the driving Hamiltonian.
Kraftstoffbedarfsplanung für einen Langstreckenflug aus Sicht der Besatzung
Creators: name: Cordes, Claus
Publisher: name: AeroLectures
Year: 2014
Subjects: Luftfahrt
Flugzeug
Fliegen
Kraftstoffbedarfsplanung
Langstreckenflug
Besatzung
Mindestmenge
Luftfahrtbehörde
Wetter
Strecke
Zielort
Verkehrslage
Flughafen
Kraftstoffverbrauch
Passagier
Landemasse
Kraftstoffpreis
gesetzliche Regeln
Anschlussverbindungen
Flugmechanik
Betriebsstoffe
Betankung
Tankkapazität
Reservekraftstoff
Flugplanung
Betriebsgewicht
Flugroute
Treibstoff
Flugbetrieb
Flugzeugtyp
Flugdauer
Flugvorbereitung
Brennstoffverbrauch
Tankstopp
Flugleistung
Flugzeugwartung
Betriebskosten
Flugzeugzustand
Flugzeugsysteme
Flugzeugbetriebshandbuch
Flugzeugzulassung
Flugzeugbetreiber
Flugzeugnutzung
Kerosin
Reichweite
Nutzlast
Auxiliary Power Unit
APU
World Area Forecast Center
WAFC
MZFW
ZFW
MTOW
TOW
MLW
LW
NOTAM
ETOPS
aerolectures
aerolectures2014

description: Bei der Festlegung der Kraftstoffmenge, die auf einem Langstreckenflug mitgeführt werden soll, sind viele Punkte zu beachten. Die Vorgaben der Luftfahrtbehörden beschreiben nur die vom jeweiligen Umfeld unabhängige Mindestmenge. Tatsächlich sind aber viele Aspekte zu berücksichtigen, wie z.B. das Wetter auf der Strecke und am Zielort, die Verkehrslage am Abflug- oder Zielflughafen, besondere technische Gegebenheiten am Flugzeug (die evtl. den Kraftstoffverbrauch erhöhen), Anschlussverbindungen der Passagiere, flugmechanische Gegebenheiten (Kraftstoffbedarf für zusätzlich mitgeführten Kraftstoff oder die maximale Landemasse) und der Unterschied im Kraftstoffpreis zwischen Abflugort und Zielort. Der Vortrag beschreibt die gesetzlichen Regeln und die grundsätzliche Vorgehensweise von Besatzungen bei der Festsetzung der mitgeführten Kraftstoffmenge und zeigt das Spannungsfeld auf, in dem dabei nach verschiedenen Prioritäten Abwägungen vorgenommen werden müssen.
description: Hamburg Aerospace Lecture Series --- Collection of Presentations --- http://www.AeroLectures.de
Non-perturbative $ab$ $initio$ approach for calculating the electrical conductivity of a liquid metal
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao-Wei
name: Chen, Haoran
name: Wang, En-Ge
name: Shi, Junren
name: Li, Xin-Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a non-perturbative $ab$ $initio$ approach to calculate the electrical conductivity of a liquid metal. Our approach is based on the Kubo formula and the theory of electron-phonon coupling (EPC), and unlike the conventional empirical approach based on the Kubo-Greenwood formula, fully takes into account the effect of coupling between electrons and moving ions. We show that the electrical conductivity at high temperature is determined by an EPC parameter $λ_{\mathrm{tr}}$, which can be inferred, non-perturbatively, from the correlation of electron scattering matrices induced by ions. The latter can be evaluated in a molecular dynamics simulation. Based on the density-functional theory and pseudopotential methods, we implement the approach in an $ab$ $initio$ manner. We apply it to liquid sodium and obtain results in good agreement with experiments. This approach is efficient and based on a rigorous theory, suitable for applying to general metallic liquid systems.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Generic and consistent confidence and credible regions
Creators: name: Bartels, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Probability

description: A generic, consistent, efficient and exact method is proposed for set selection. The method is generic in that its definition and implementation uses only the likelihood function. The method is consistent in that the same criterion is used to select confidence and credible sets making the two kinds of sets consistent even though the two sets may differ since they answer different questions. The method is exact in that no approximations are used except numerical integration which can be made as exact as needed by investing computational resources. The method is efficient to the point that it makes possible confidence set determinations by numerical integration which are otherwise impractical. The method requires computational resources comparable to what is needed for a Bayesian analysis and may be more efficient than bootstrap of maximum likelihood estimates as it avoids repeated minimizations of randomly perturbed data. Central to the proposed approach are the use of (1) reference priors (e.g., Bernardo, 2005), (2) pointwise mutual information as test statistics and (3) importance sampling to efficiently evaluate series of related statistical integrals (e.g., Schafer, 2009). These central pieces are expected to be useful to address statistical questions beyond set selection.
Mechanical feedback from stellar winds with an application to galaxy formation at high redshift
Creators: name: Fichtner, Yvonne A.
name: Grassitelli, Luca
name: Romano-Díaz, Emilio
name: Porciani, Cristiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute different sets of stellar evolutionary tracks in order to quantify the energy, mass, and metals yielded by massive main-sequence and post-main-sequence winds. Our aim is to investigate the impact of binary systems and of a metallicity-dependent distribution of initial rotational velocities on the feedback by stellar winds. We find significant changes compared to the commonly used non-rotating, single-star scenario. The largest differences are noticeable at low metallicity, where the mechanical-energy budget is substantially increased. So as to establish the maximal (i.e. obtained by neglecting dissipation in the near circumstellar environment) influence of winds on the early stages of galaxy formation, we use our new feedback estimates to simulate the formation and evolution of a sub-$L_*$ galaxy at redshift 3 (hosted by a dark-matter halo with a mass of $1.8\times 10^{11}$ M$_\odot$) and compare the outcome with simulations in which only supernova (SN) feedback is considered. Accounting for the continuous energy injection by winds reduces the total stellar mass, the metal content, and the burstiness of the star-formation rate as well as of the outflowing gas mass. However, our numerical experiment suggests that the enhanced mechanical feedback from the winds of rotating and binary stars has a limited impact on the most relevant galactic properties compared to the non-rotating single-star scenario. Eventually, we look at the relative abundance between the metals entrained in winds and those ejected by SNe and find that it stays nearly constant within the simulated galaxy and its surrounding halo.
description: 20 pages, 20 figures, updated to match the version published in MNRAS
Heterotic Kerr-Schild Double Field Theory and its double Yang-Mills formulation
Creators: name: Lescano, Eric
name: Roychowdhury, Sourav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a formulation of heterotic Double Field Theory (DFT), where the fundamental fields are in $O(D,D)$ representations. The theory is obtained splitting an $O(D,D+K)$ duality invariant DFT. This procedure produces a Green-Schwarz mechanism for the generalized metric, and a fundamental gauge field which transforms as a gauge connection only to leading order. After parametrization, the former induces a non-covariant transformation on the metric tensor, which can be removed considering field redefinitions, and an ordinary Green-Schwarz mechanism on the b-field. Within this framework we explore perturbative properties of heterotic DFT. We use a relaxed version of the generalized Kerr-Schild ansatz (GKSA), where the generalized background metric is perturbed up to quadratic order considering a single null vector and the gauge field is linearly perturbed before parametrization. Finally we compare the dynamics of the gauge field and the generalized metric in order to inspect the behavior of the classical double copy correspondence at the DFT level.
description: 33 pages, v2: Section 6 (Discussion) with clarifications. We are very grateful to our anonymous JHEP referee. Matches published version
Combining Local Optimization and Enumeration for QoS-aware Web Service Composition
Creators: name: Qi, Lianyong
name: Tang, Ying
name: Dou, Wanchun
name: Chen, Jinjun
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Web service composition, i.e., WSC, has emergedas a promising way to integrate various distributed computing resources for complex application requirements. However, much computation time is needed to determine the optimal composite solution, which embarrasses the popularity of WSC in actual real time applications. In view of this challenge, in this paper, a heuristic service composition method, named LOEM (Local Optimization and Enumeration Method, LOEM), is proposed. It aims at filtering the candidates of each task to a small number of promising ones by local selection, and then enumerates all the composite solutions to pursue a near-to-optimal one. The experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of LOEM in dealing with the WSC problems.
Optically Active and Nonlinear Chiral Metamaterials
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Sean P.
name: Cunha, Preston
name: Kudtarkar, Kaushik
name: Dede, Ercan M.
name: Lan, Shoufeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advanced photonic nanostructures have enabled the maximization of synthetic chiroptic activities. The unique structuring of these building blocks has empowered chiral selective interactions with electromagnetic waves in plasmonic structures and dielectric media. Given the repertoire of optimized chiral surfaces in the literature and the ubiquity of chirality in the organic realm, the natural direction to consider is the operation of these devices in larger optical systems much like their chiral organic counterparts. In this review, we recapitulate advances in active and nonlinear chiral metamaterials. Many of the results, such as the magneto-chiral anisotropy and third-harmonic Rayleigh scattering optical activity, are relatively unknown members of the more conventional family of tuning methodology and nonlinear processes. We believe they are poised to play an instrumental role in designing advanced chiroptic systems for applications in biochemistry, valleytronics, spintronics, and chiral quantum optics.
Optimum ratio between two bases in Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol with second order analysis
Creators: name: Hayashi, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bennet-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol, we optimize the ratio of the choice of two bases, the bit basis and the phase basis by using the second order expansion for the length of the generation keys under the coherent attack. This optimization addresses the trade-off between the loss of transmitted bits due to the disagreement of their bases and the estimation error of the error rate in the phase basis. Then, we derive the optimum ratio and the optimum length of the generation keys with the second order asymptotics. Surprisingly, the second order has the order $n^{3/4}$, which is much larger than the second order $n^{1/2}$ in the conventional setting when $n$ is the number of quantum communication. This fact shows that our setting has much larger importance for the second order analysis than the conventional problem. To illustrate this importance, we numerically plot the effect of the second order correction.
Dust entrainment in photoevaporative winds: Synthetic observations of transition disks
Creators: name: Franz, R.
name: Picogna, G.
name: Ercolano, B.
name: Casassus, S.
name: Birnstiel, T.
name: Rab, Ch.
name: Pérez, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray- and extreme-ultraviolet- (XEUV-) driven photoevaporative winds acting on protoplanetary disks around young T-Tauri stars may strongly impact disk evolution, affecting both gas and dust distributions. We compute dust densities for the wind regions of XEUV-irradiated transition disks with gap sizes of 20 and 30 AU, and determine whether they can be observed at wavelengths $0.7 \lesssim λ_\mathrm{obs} [μ\mathrm{m}] \lesssim 1.8$ in scattered and polarised light with current instrumentation. For an XEUV-driven outflow around a $M_* = 0.7 \mathrm{M}_\odot$ T-Tauri star with $L_X = 2 \cdot 10^{30} \mathrm{erg/s}$, we find dust mass-loss rates $\dot{M}_\mathrm{dust} \lesssim 2.0 \cdot 10^{-3} \dot{M}_\mathrm{gas}$, and if we invoke vertical settling, the outflow is quite collimated. The synthesised images exhibit a distinct chimney-like structure. The relative intensity of these chimneys is low, but under optimal conditions, their detection may still be feasible with current instrumentation such as JWST NIRCam and SPHERE IRDIS.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 20+10 pages, 17+12 figures (References updated, minor adjustments.)
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ГЕНДЕРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИИ
Creators: name: Низомитдинова, Зулайхо
name: Давлятова, Гулчехра
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Данная статья обсуждает современные подходы к методологии гендерных исследований в языкознании. Она анализирует различные методологические подходы, используемые в современных исследованиях гендерных аспектов языка, и выявляет их преимущества и ограничения. В статье также рассматриваются основные тенденции развития методологии гендерных исследований в современной лингвистике и их значение для понимания взаимосвязи между языком и гендером.
Hybrid Elektrische Antriebe – Paradigmenwechsel für den Flugzeugentwurf?
Creators: name: Rostek, Peter
Publisher: name: AeroLectures
Year: 2016
Subjects: aviation
aircraft
flight
hybrid
electric
propulsion
Airbus
energy
European
manufacturer
density
kerosene
battery
passenger
seat
motor
power
market
architecture
fuel
gas
turbine
storage
converter
geared
cooling
system
rectifier
cruise
hybridization
mission
profile
synergies
twin-engine
turbofan
MB-E1
Solair
eGenius
TaurusG4
A319
Porsche
Panamera
Liebherr
NASA
X-Plane
LEAPTech
HEIST
SCEPTOR
Tecnam
P2600T
CriCri
Dimona
e-Fan
Diamond
E-Star
RollsRoyce
DLR
ONERA
Siemens
KIT
TUM
DGAC
Safran
LuFo
CleanSky
A/C
R&T
BLI
G/A
UAV
H/C
NRA
Luftfahrt
Flugzeug
aerolectures
aerolectures2016

description:  

Hybrid elektrische Antriebe sind in bestimmten Marktsegmenten nichts Neues. Sie kommen bereits zur Anwendung bei PKW’s, LKW’s, Bussen oder Schiffen. Die große Herausforderung besteht darin, diese Technologie in den Luftfahrtmarkt zu übertragen. Die Kombination von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und elektrischen Komponenten sowohl mit hoher Energie- als auch Leistungsdichte wäre die Grundlage für zwei wesentliche Veränderungen: 1.) Eine hybride Architektur würde zu einer Verbesserung des Gesamtwirkungsgrades der Antriebskette beitragen. 2.) Synergien zwischen Technologiebausteinen würden zu einer Erweiterung des Flugzeugentwurfsraumes beitragen. Dieser Vortrag liefert allgemeine Informationen über das Potential hybrid elektrischer Antriebe in der kommerziellen Luftfahrt und über aktuelle Entwicklungsaktivitäten im Rahmen von Clean Sky 2.
description: Hamburg Aerospace Lecture Series --- Collection of Presentations --- http://www.AeroLectures.de
Risk taking and HIV/AIDS among young people in Cameroon: Prediction of vulnerability using the adolescent risk-taking questionnaire
Creators: name: Moore, Susan
name: Gullone, Eleonora
name: McArthur, Carole
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Adolescent Risk-Taking Questionnaires (ARQ) (Gullone, Moore, Moss, & Boyd, 2000) with Cameroon adolescents, and to evaluate the measure as a screening device for those at risk of HIV/AIDS. Participants were 234 adolescents (79 boys, 155 girls) attending schools in Cameroon (mean age 13.6 years). The ARQ scale items, minus the thrill-seeking items (assessed as culturally inappropriate), formed conceptually meaningful factors. Risk behavior and risk belief subscales showed evidence of reliability and validity. The scale items successfully discriminated between HIV positive and HIV negative boys (but not girls). Further work is necessary on both the cultural sensitivity of the scales and issues of social desirability.