cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Magnitude and mechanisms of macrophage plasticity during checkpoint immunotherapy of melanoma
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: The plasticity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) governs their transition from pro-inflammatory functions, which oppose tumor growth, to anti-inflammatory functions that promote cancer progression and vice-versa. Leveraging TAM plasticity to promote pro-inflammatory functions holds great promise against tumors. However, the mechanisms that regulate TAM plasticity in vivo have not been studied extensively because of a dearth of appropriate mouse models. To fill this gap, we just generated a mouse strain that allows us to map the fate of IL12b-producing (pro-inflammatory) TAMs towards IL-10-producing (anti-inflammatory) ones. This application aims to use our new mouse strain to gain insights into the mechanisms of plasticity regulating the stability of the pro-inflammatory function of TAMs in vivo. Our central hypothesis is that the pro-inflammatory activity of TAMs can be induced by immunotherapy but is short-lived because the tumor microenvironment efficiently re-programs them to become anti-inflammatory. In Aim 1, we will determine the sequence and dynamics of TAM functional changes during the transition from pro- to anti-inflammatory. We will also explore the molecular mechanisms that might regulate the loss of the pro-inflammatory state in vivo by running RNA and ATAC sequencing on TAMs sorted based on their function. In Aim 2, we will measure TAM plasticity from pro- to anti-inflammatory phenotypes in tumors with varying degrees of immunogenicity and after the administration of various immune-stimulating therapies. The expected outcome of this project is to gain insight into the extent, duration, and potential mechanisms by which the tumor re-programs pro-inflammatory macrophages to become anti-inflammatory, supporting its progression. In the long term, the knowledge we generate will pave the way to new forms of cancer immunotherapy to perpetuate pro-inflammatory TAM functions.
Algorithm Aided Design: Parametric Modeling and automated Design Generation of 3D Winding Designs of Hairpin Stators for Additive Manufacturing
Creators: name: Putz, Carsten
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2023
Subjects: additive manufacuturing
algorithm aided design
design
design automation
design for additive manufacturing
e-mobility
electric motor
hairpin
hairpin stators

description: 7. International Conferance on Additive Manufacturing, ICAM 2022, Orlando, USA, 31 Oct 2022 - 4 Nov 2022; 28 Folien (2023). doi:10.18154/RWTH-2022-11454
Role of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 3 (CPEB3) ribozyme in cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Regulation of mRNA translation plays an essential role in cellular differentiation and proliferation. Dysregulation of post-transcriptional control and translational machinery have been implicated in malignant tumor development. One of the mechanisms to govern translation is cytoplasmic polyadenylation, and recent evidence suggests that this process modulates gene reprogramming associated with cancer progression. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding proteins (CPEB1-CPEB4) are sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins that act as a translational regulator to control poly(A) tail elongation of target mRNAs, and subsequently contribute to phenotypic changes in cancer cells. Among CPEBs, aberrant expression of CPEB3 has been shown in several types of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, and glioma. Importantly, a self-cleaving hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme was identified in the CPEB3 gene. While we have previously uncovered the role of CPEB3 ribozyme in memory formation in mice, the regulation of CPEB3 ribozyme in transcriptional machinery implicated in cancer cells remains unexplored. Given the fact that CPEB3 acts as a tumor suppression gene, and downregulation of CPEB3 promotes cancer progression, we hypothesize that CPEB3 ribozyme might regulate CPEB3 expression and subsequently modulate tumorigenesis. In our preliminary studies from analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), we have found that CPEB3 expression is correlated with survival in low-grade glioma, melanoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. The proposed pilot study aims to elucidate whether the CPEB3 ribozyme plays a role in tumor development and progression. In Aim 1: We will investigate CPEB3 ribozyme self-cleaving activity and identify whether the ribozyme facilitates full-length mRNA processing and protein expression in cancer cells. In Aim 2: We will determine tumor suppression effects of CPEB3 by inhibiting CPEB3 ribozyme, and understand the underlying mechanisms associated with cancer metastasis through post-transcriptional regulation by CPEB3. Our study will unveil the biological function of CPEB3 ribozyme in cancer, and provide insights into therapeutic interventions.
The Role of Alternative pre-mRNA Processing in Colon Cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Recent work has documented that changes in alternative pre-mRNA processing associate with colorectal cancer (CRC), suggesting that aberrant pre-mRNA processing may contribute to tumorigenesis. As a first step towards understanding CRC, it is crucial to understand the biology of the organ the cancer develops in. The inner mucosal layer of the intestine is comprised of an array of different epithelial cell types, which are organized in crypt structures. At the base of each crypt are non-quiescent epithelial stem cells that rapidly differentiate into progenitor cells. To determine how the transcriptome and proteome keep pace with rapid differentiation, we developed a new cell sorting method to purify mouse colon epithelial cells. We showed that alternative pre-mRNA splicing and alternative polyadenylation dominate changes in the transcriptome as stem cells differentiate into progenitors. By contrast, as progenitors differentiate into mature cell types, changes in mRNA levels rather than different isoforms dominate the transcriptome. These observations demonstrated that during the first steps in loss of stemness, the most notable change in the transcriptome are changes in mRNA isoform production via alternative splicing events and/or alternative polyadenylation. Considering that the disruption of cellular differentiation and the promotion of rapid proliferation is a crucial step in initiating carcinogenesis, it is likely that CRC may originate from an inability of crypt stem cells to initiate the necessary alternative pre-mRNA processing programs that guide terminal differentiation. Therefore, we hypothesize that defects in alternative pre-mRNA processing contributes to the origin of CRC. To demonstrated that that the lack of differentiation-specific alternative pre-mRNA processing is an early hallmark of CRC, we plan to define the transcriptomes of colon stem cells and daughter cells harvested from a CRC mouse model. Furthermore, to demonstrate that equivalent alternative pre-mRNA processing changes accompany differentiation of human CRC cells, we will analyze the transcriptomes of CRC crypt organoids derived from human patients in the context of stemness and metabolically-induced differentiation. Throughout this project we will rely on our expertise in cancer biology, RNA biology, and bioinformatics to obtain new insights into gene expression patterns in CRC.
Etiology of Ph-like ALL and the mechanisms driving Latinx cancer disparities
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Philadelphia chromosome-like B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) is an ALL subtype that disproportionately affects the Latin community and is characterized as having a poor response to therapy, a high risk of relapse, and a peak onset in adolescents and young adults. While lacking a BCR-ABL fusion, nearly 65% of Ph-like ALL cases carry a rearrangement in the cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2) gene located on both X and Y chromosomes, the most common being a chromosomal translocation with the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (CRLF2-IgH) resulting in increased and uncontrolled expression of CRLF2 that correlates with reduced survival. CRLF2 rearrangements are significantly higher in patients of Latin descent, indicating this is a high-risk group for Ph-like ALL and that understanding the molecular mechanisms driving CRLF2 rearrangements would greatly benefit prediction and diagnosis of Ph-like ALL. Our recent analysis of over 2,000 translocation breakpoints in human patients revealed that DNA double-strand-breaks (DSBs) that initiate the CRLF2-IgH translocations can occur within a 25 kb region upstream of the gene but are enriched 36-fold in a 311 bp cluster region and involve the B cell-specific mutator activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Tight clustering of breakpoints indicates a non-random mechanism underlying DSB formation and elucidation of this mechanism would fill a crucial knowledge gap regarding the etiology of Ph-like ALL. Our central hypothesis is that CRLF2 DSBs occur through a defined mechanism that involves abnormal AID levels in an early pre-B cell stage and altered epigenetics that makes AID a more potent mutator and DSB initiator. Our hypothesis will be tested by pursing two specific aims: (1) Use our novel molecular assay to determine the mechanism of CRLF2-IgH translocations and (2) Compare the genomic DNA from B cells of Latino and non-Latino populations for genetic and epigenetic risk markers linked to CRLF2 rearrangements. This work is significant as it will this allow us to both address cancer disparities in the Latino community and develop novel diagnostics applicable to several B cell malignancies in wider population studies.
Additional file 5 of Supported self-management for all with musculoskeletal pain: an inclusive approach to intervention development: the EASIER study
Creators: name: Healey, Emma L.
name: Lewis, Martyn
name: Corp, Nadia
name: Shivji, Noureen A.
name: van der Windt, Danielle A.
name: Babatunde, Opeyemi O.
name: Simkins, Joanna
name: Bartlam, Bernadette
name: Rowlands, Gill
name: Protheroe, Joanne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Evidence statements for Delphi study.
RNA targets for synovial sarcoma
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: The proposed work will explore a new research discipline for my laboratory called cancer epitranscriptomics. This discipline is the study of how “spelling” mistakes in the RNA, rather than the DNA, contribute to cancer development. I will examine whether spelling mistakes in the RNA contribute to the development of a specific cancer, synovial sarcoma. Synovial sarcomas are rare aggressive cancers of the muscle tissue that often affect adolescents and young adults. These cancers are invariably associated with an abnormality of chromosomes 18 and X (translocation t(X:18; p11:q11)), producing a chimeric protein SS18-SSX. While the presence of this chimeric protein ultimately results in abnormal gene regulation (how genes are turned on and turned off), the exact mechanism by which this occurs is still unknown. Proteins that modify the sequence of RNA have recently emerged as an important class of gene regulators. They act at the level of RNA metabolism and translation and can affect the expression of cancer genes. However, the role of RNA modification defects in the development of synovial sarcoma is completely unknown. I hypothesize that abnormal modifications of the RNA contribute to the gene regulation changes that cause synovial sarcoma development. To address this hypothesis, I will examine the expression of RNA-modifying proteins in synovial sarcomas using the RNA sequence information from over 30 synovial sarcoma tumors, over 12,000 other cancers, and over 100 normal tissues that my laboratory previously assembled. I will then use a technology called nanopore direct RNA sequencing to characterize the landscape of RNA modifications in a panel of 30 synovial sarcoma tumor samples and patient-derived cell cultures. Finally, I will correlate the expression of RNA-modifying proteins to the catalog of RNA modifications to identify synovial sarcoma-specific patterns; I will use these patterns to develop further hypotheses about the role of RNA modifications in tumor development. The preliminary findings generated by this work will enable me to apply for larger grants to fund cancer epitranscriptomics research in my laboratory.
Germline DNA-based Biomarkers of Toxicity Following Prostate Radiotherapy
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid malignancy among men in the United States and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Curative intent external beam radiation therapy (RT) for PCa has been historically delivered in the form of low daily doses, or fractions, of RT over a total of 39 to 45 fractions. Because PCa cells appear to be preferentially killed by higher doses of RT per fraction (even if to a lower total overall dose), the modern technique of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) allows the treatment course to be condensed to as short as five fractions. However, while the rates of significant genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity are similar between SBRT and longer RT courses, it is unknown which patients are predisposed towards developing significant toxicity following either treatment. Given the higher doses per day delivered with SBRT, trepidation towards its use persist. Variants in germline DNA (i.e., DNA that is inherited and intrinsic to any given person) are thought to strongly influence a given patient's response to RT. We have significant data from a translational study of over 200 men that suggest that biomarker panels defined by single nucleotide polymorphisms in germline DNA predict significant genitourinary toxicity after longer-course RT or SBRT with a high level of accuracy. A practically relevant aspect of examining germline DNA is that any type of biological sample taken from a patient, such as an easily obtained cheek swab, would contain enough material for analysis. The project being proposed for a New Assistant Professor Faculty Seed Grant from the University of California Cancer Research Coordinating Committee is an innovative prospective clinical trial termed the “Germline DNA-Based Radiosensitivity Biomarker Influence on Decisions About and Toxicity Following Prostate Radiotherapy” (GARUDA) trial. This trial is designed to validate the germline predictors of toxicity we have identified, thereby establishing the ability to identify predictors of radiotherapy before RT. If validated in this prospective study, these germline predictors would have significant implications for the large number of patients who are pursuing RT for their PCa. Specifically, it would increase the confidence of both the patient and the physician that the expected rate of significant toxicity would be low.
THE USE OF ACTIVE METHODS IN PROFESSIONALLY-ORIENTED FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITIES
Creators: name: Muxiddinova, Saboxat
name: Li, Yingying
name: Azamov, Asadbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description:  In the context of professionally-aimed foreign language acquisition in non-linguistic higher education, the article clarifies the usage of active approaches. The essay answers queries about the application of active foreign language learning techniques in non-linguistic higher education institutions. Professional foreign language instruction for students in non-linguistic higher education is most successful when it uses techniques like educational role-playing, project-based learning, and discussion. In a non-linguistic university, active foreign language teaching techniques help students develop their professional and cognitive motivations and interests. They also provide a comprehensive perspective on professional activities and educate future specialists in system thinking use of interactive techniques like conversation, project-based learning, and educational role-playing. enhances the efficacy of the professionally focused foreign language teaching method.
Narrative Engagement and Polarized Neural Responses to Political Videos
Creators: name: Zhimei Niu
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Machine Learning
subject: Political Polarization
subject: fMRI
subject: Engagement
subject: Support Vector Regression
subject: Motivation

description: Prior work has shown that neural activity diverges between conservatives and liberals while viewing political messages. Understanding what psychological factors contribute to these divergent responses informs our understanding of how people make political decisions. In this work, we examined the relationship between narrative engagement (i.e. the extent to which someone is both attending and emotionally involved while listening to or watching a narrative) and divergent neural responses to political videos. We measured narrative engagement by applying a predictive model that has been previously shown to predict moment-by-moment fluctuations in narrative engagement from connectivity patterns in the brain. We then examined if and how the neural measure of narrative engagement is associated with divergent neural responses between conservatives and liberals while watching political videos. The result shows a negative relationship between narrative engagement and political polarization.
Supplementary material to: A study on late time UV-emission in core collapse supernovae and the implications for the peculiar transient AT2018cow
Creators: name: Inkenhaag, Anne
name: Jonker, Peter
name: Levan, Andrew
name: Morgan, Fraser
name: Lyman, Joe
name: Galbany, Lluís
name: Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astronomy
subject: Optical astronomy
subject: Extragalactic astronomy
subject: Observational astronomy

description: Supplementary figures to the main publication.
Precision medicine: modeling liver metastases using patient-derived tumors on a microfluid device
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: For patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), resection of hepatic tumors remains the only option for a potential cure despite high recurrence rates (up to 75%). Cytotoxic chemotherapy alone has shown limited improvement in survival and immunotherapeutics have not shown great success in microsatellite stable (MSS) CRLM. While progress has been made in relevant research models, there is an unmet need to incorporate immune cell interactions into these models. Current ex-vivo oncologic models lack the milieu of non-cancerous components that influence a tumor including: 1) Primary colorectal cells do not survive in 2D cultures, 2) simple organoids do not adequately mimic essential features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) 3) murine models and patient-derived xenografts are costly and lack an intact immune response, and 4) syngeneic mouse models lack a human target and do not facilitate the development of the chronic inflammatory environment characteristic of human tumors, which can stimulate immunologic inhibitory pathways. The George laboratory has developed a novel autologous ex-vivo “tumor-on-a-chip” model, a microfluidic system of 3D human microtissues, in this case, fresh surgical specimens, perfused with a vascular network that recapitulate salient features of the cancer microenvironment including the relevant immune components. We have further refined and developed this model for patient-derived CRLM. We aim to demonstrate that our ex-vivo 3D chip mimics the immune and TME of CRLM patient avatars and will serve as a platform to study host immune cell-tumor interactions. We will test our hypothesis that MSS, RAS-wildtype (WT) CRLM respond to EGFR inhibitors and demonstrate an immune-rich TME compared to RAS mutant (MUT) tumors on the chip as seen in patients. In Aim 1 we will determine if molecular and immune phenotypes of RAS-WT and RAS-MUT CRLM are preserved on the 3D chip and comparable to surgical specimens. In Aim 2 we will test if ex-vivo responses to targeted therapy of RAS-WT and RAS-MUT CLRM on the 3D chip correlate with the clinical responses noted in individual patients’ tumors. Leveraging such a system would allow for manipulation of the immune component, a critical step for developing more successful targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies for CRLM in a clinically relevant model.
Elliptic Curves as Dark Energy Structures: A Structural Interpretation of the BSD Conjecture
Creators: name: 上田, 高之
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: 宇宙空間
宇宙論
BSD
楕円曲線

description: This paper proposes a structural reinterpretation of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer (BSD) Conjecture through the lens of cosmological dynamics. By drawing an analogy between the expansion of physical space driven by dark energy and the arithmetic expansion of rational points on elliptic curves, we argue that the rank of an elliptic curve functions as a “spatial generation force.” The L-function associated with the curve is viewed as a spectral descriptor of this generative capacity. In this framework, the BSD Conjecture is not just an arithmetic coincidence—it reveals a deeper structural duality between physical space and mathematical form. We explore this duality through conceptual mappings, diagrams, and a comparative analysis of cosmological and number-theoretical expressions. This approach suggests that the key to understanding rational generation may lie not only in proof, but in rethinking the underlying structures of space, number, and resonance.
Exploring the functions of conserved long non-coding RNAs in cancer cell growth
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: While each human cell contains all the DNA required to create an entire organism, only a subset of these genes are expressed in each individual cell. Aberrant transcriptional expression and epigenetic changes are common in cancer cells compared to normal cells. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently captured the interest of many researchers due to their ability to act as regulators and organizers of gene expression in the cell. We have identified a set of five conserved long non-coding RNAs required for cancer cell survival, based on data mining of screens for cancer associated long non-coding RNAs, and several published CRISPR-Cas9 screens of thousands of non-coding RNAs. Some of these lncRNAs have been studied previously in the context of cancer metastasis and progression, but the pathways in which they function are still unknown. We have developed a powerful mass spectrometry screen for specific lncRNA interacting factors that enables the identification of direct, zero-distance interactors with an RNA of interest. This method has already been successfully used to characterize the interacting factors of Xist lncRNA in embryonic stem cells, but no cancer related experiments have so far been performed. The experiments in this proposal will extend the method to cancer cell related lncRNAs, with the potential to discover a new set of regulatory roles for non-coding RNAs. Using this seed funding, we will explore the molecular basis for the observed cell growth phenotypes by establishing a knockdown and overexpression system for each of the five conserved lncRNAs. We will characterize the protein interactome and transcriptional changes induced by overexpression or deletion of each of these five conserved lncRNAs. Since many lncRNAs act as epigenetic regulators, it is anticipated that new signaling pathways for cancer cell growth may be revealed in this study. We plan to apply for external funding to continue to support this project, using the preliminary data gathered during the one-year period of the Cancer Research Coordinating Committee award.
Supplementary Material from Molecular, spectroscopic and thermochemical characterization of C2Cl3, C2F3 and C2Br3 radicals and related species
Creators: name: Ferreira, María Liz
name: Dubois, Franco Ignacio
name: Tucceri, Maria Eugenia
name: Badenes, María Paula
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 340699
subject: Physical chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: SI-C2Xn-RSOS-V3.pdf
Harnessing Fusion Energy for the Future
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Recently, there have been significant advances in fusion energy generation and milestone achievements by both government laboratories and private industry. Due to these recent results and the growing need to eventually “decarbonize” energy production, there is a renewed interest in fusion energy. While there has been great progress, important questions pertinent to fusion research, engineering and design must be addressed before fusion energy can successfully transition from the laboratory to a commercially viable power plant. To address these questions, a coordinated effort is warranted between academia, national laboratories, and industry. The University of California is an ideal place to address these questions and has the largest number of engineers and scientists in fusion and related fields of any U.S. academic institution, and therefore, has the greatest potential fusion workforce. Many of the UC campuses are strongly connected to industry. Three national laboratories associated with UC – Lawrence Livermore (LLNL), Los Alamos (LANL) and Lawrence Berkeley (LBNL) – are playing pivotal roles in fusion energy. The rationale of a series of workshops is to gather fusion energy experts from these three national laboratories and at least five UC campuses (UC San Diego, UC Berkeley, UC Irvine, UC Los Angeles, and UC Santa Cruz) to discuss opportunities and challanges. The following topics will be covered: · Materials under extreme conditions including first wall · Tritium Breeding (Non-proliferation) · Integrated experiments and modeling (advanced concepts) · Radiation hardened electronics · Diagnostics in extreme conditions · Fusion policy/Regulations/Public perception
title: An Adaptive and Non-Linear Technique for Enhancement of High Contrast Images
Creators: name: Arigela, Saibabu
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2007

description: In night time surveillance, there is a possibility of having extremely bright and dark regions in some image frames of a video sequence. Neither the object details in the low intensity areas nor in the high intensity areas can be clearly interpreted. Several image processing techniques have been developed to retrieve meaningful information under low lighting conditions. The algorithm based on integrated neighborhood dependency of pixel characteristics, and that based on the illuminance reflectance model perform well for improving the visual quality of digital images captured under extremely low and nonuniform lighting conditions. But these techniques cannot perform well in over-illuminated regions in an image. Multi-windowed inverse sigmoid is capable of simultaneously enhancing the brighter and darker regions in an image. But the control parameters in this algorithm have to be computed based on the images under consideration.

In this thesis, a new nonlinear image enhancement algorithm, based on an image dependent non linear function, Locally Tuned Sine Nonlinearity (LTSN), is proposed for enhancing extremely high contrast images. The control parameter in this algorithm is determined adaptively based on image statistics. The proposed algorithm is capable of compressing bright regions and at the same time enhancing dark regions by preserving the main structure of the illuminance - reflectance characteristics. The main core of the algorithm is a new nonlinear sine transfer function that is very flexible in enhancing the dark regions and compressing overexposed regions in an image. A neighborhood dependent approach is employed for contrast enhancement. The Laplacian filtered image (reflectance) is added to the enhanced image to preserve the fine details. The quality of the enhanced image is further improved by applying a contrast stretch process. A basic linear color restoration process based on the chromatic information of the original image is employed to convert the enhanced intensity image back to a color image. It is observed that the proposed algorithm yields visually optimal results on images captured under extreme lighting conditions. It is envisaged that the new technique would be useful for improving the visibility of scenes of night time driving and night security situations.
School Human Resource Development's Policymaking Model: A Grounded Theory Study
Publisher: name: The University Of kurdistan
Year: 2021

description: The purpose of this study was to design a human resource development policymaking\nmodel in school with a Grounded Theory approach. This study was conducted with a\nqualitative approach and using semi-structured interview tools. The number of participants\nin this research was 25 experts who were selected by purposive sampling method. Content\nanalysis based on the continuous comparison method of Strauss and Corbin was used to\nanalyze the interview texts. Experts and participants in the research have been referred for\ndata validation. The results of open, axial and selective coding showed: the core theme\nwith the focus on the policymaking process, including: cyclical, pluralism in school, being\nup-to-date. Causal conditions include: developments, new needs, rising expectations,\nschool inefficiencies; Contextual includes: government support for schools, school budget,\nsocial culture supporting the school; Mediating factors include: lack of school authority\nand high centralization, structural weakness in vocational training, e-learning\ninfrastructure, lack of effective performance reward tools; Strategies include: increasing\nthe academic level and professional skills of principals and policy makers, participation of\nschool manpower in policy making, control and evaluation of school human resource\ndevelopment policies and programs, new organizational authorities, new performance\nreward tools; Consequences include: increasing the quality of education, school\nproductivity, commitment and cooperation, parental satisfaction and improving the\nprofessional status of the school
Supplemental Material, jmr.18.0611-File003 - The Sales Impact of Using Handheld Scanners: Evidence from the Field
Creators: name: Dhruv Grewal
name: Noble, Stephanie M.
name: Carl-Philip Ahlbom
name: Nordfält, Jens
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150402 Hospitality Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Supplemental Material, jmr.18.0611-File003 for The Sales Impact of Using Handheld Scanners: Evidence from the Field by Dhruv Grewal, Stephanie M. Noble, Carl-Philip Ahlbom and Jens Nordfält in Journal of Marketing Research
Dimensions and Dynamics Components of Primary Schools by Research Synthesis Method
Publisher: name: The University Of Kurdistan
Year: 2021

description: This Article tries to present Dymanic School Model for Primary Schools. The research\napproach is qualitative and the method used is synthesis research, along with qualititative\ncontent analysis. In synthesis research, recent researches were selected, analyzed and\ncategorized with a systematic method; and in qualitative content analysis, with the help of\nsemi-structured interviews with experts in the field of educational management and\nplanning, components are identified and the model of Dynamic School was formulated.\nStudy group consists researches conducted outside of Iran (2000 to 2020) and inside the\ncountry (2000 to 2020). 62 cases were selected and analyzed as a sample, according to\ntheir subject relation, key words and content relations with the dimensions and components\nof Dynamic Primary Schools. Conducted analysis was initially codified and categorized,\nthen the main structure was identified as 25 components and 52 indicators related to 5\nmain aspects of improvement and evolution, student-based, pariticipation-based, researchbased and thinking. Education policy makers and planners of primary schools can assess\nschool performance using developed conceptual model and make decisions to reach\ndynamics
Economic Security and the University of California System
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: The University of California system is a prominent player in the U.S. academic research and innovation eco-system. As the United States faces mounting challenges to maintain its global technological leadership amid intensified foreign competition and disruptive technological shifts, insights from the UC system can inform this critical debate. How should the UC system balance the benefits of open science for the global public good with research security to safeguard national interests? Secondly, what role does the UC system play in fostering economic competitiveness, national security, and strategic leadership? Through an examination of these questions, the study aims to draw lessons to bolster and reinvigorate the U.S. national innovation system. The study is structured into three interrelated parts: 1. Economic Security and the UC System’s Role: This section delves into the UC system's contribution to economic competitiveness, national security, and strategic leadership. It addresses the strengths, weaknesses, and threats faced by the UC system. What is being examined here is economic and innovation competitiveness and security (EICS). This portion of the study also covers dual-use technology and offers methodological approaches for conceptualization and case studies to provide nuanced insights. 2. Balancing Open Science with Research Security: This segment explores the delicate balance between open science and robust research security, particularly in the context of U.S.-China relations. The UC system's unique attributes, including its significant international student population, warrant a distinct approach. Drawing from international political economy literature, the study proposes a survey of UC faculty to gauge perspectives on academic openness and economic security, ensuring the preservation of academic freedom while safeguarding national interests. 3. Learning from Other Institutions: Recognizing the distinctiveness of the UC system, this section aims to learn from efforts of the National Labs managed by UC as well as other institutions grappling with research security concerns. With extensive involvement from within the UC system and representation from LLNL and LANL, the study aims to generate comprehensive insights to inform policy and practice in navigating the complex terrain of research security and innovation competitiveness.
The mediating role of scientific optimism in the relationship between authentic leadership and job engagement of English language teachers
Publisher: name: The University Of Kurdistan
Year: 2021

description: In order to increase the efficiency and productivity of employees and organizations industrial\nand organizational psychologists have identified and examined the important psychological\nstructures affecting the effectiveness of organizations and to achieve this goal the variables\nof job enthusiasm, authentic leadership and scientific optimism have always been\nconsidered.The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediator role of the scientific\noptimism in relationship between authentic leadership andteachers' job engagement. The\nstudy is an applied descriptive correlational one in which he statistical population consisted\nof all English language teachers in the city of Sanandaj from among which 190 individuals\nwere selected as samples based on Morgan Table and using a random stratified method. They\nresponded to three questionnaires of authentic leadership, academic optimism, and job\nengagement. The results were analyzed using structural equation modeling method. Findings\nindicated that that authentic leadership has a direct effect on scientific optimism, scientific\noptimism has a direct effect on job enthusiasm, and authentic leadership has a direct effect on\nscientific optimism. furthermore, authenticleadership through scientific optimism has an\nindirect effect on job engagement and the hypothetical model of the research showed a good\nfit. Therefore, it can be said that authentic leadership and academic optimism are important\nvariables that are closely related to job engagement in teachers.
Supplementary_Data – Supplemental material for Comparing the effects of multi-session anodal trans-cranial direct current stimulation of primary motor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices on fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial
Creators: name: Mortezanejad, Marzieh
name: Ehsani, Fatemeh
name: Nooshin Masoudian
name: Zoghi, Maryam
name: Shapour Jaberzadeh
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: 110604 Sports Medicine
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, Supplementary_Data for Comparing the effects of multi-session anodal trans-cranial direct current stimulation of primary motor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices on fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial by Marzieh Mortezanejad, Fatemeh Ehsani, Nooshin Masoudian, Maryam Zoghi and Shapour Jaberzadeh in Clinical Rehabilitation
Regulation of viral encephalitis pathology by neuroimmune crosstalk
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: The nervous and immune systems bidirectionally communicate during infection, reducing or enhancing inflammation. This process occurs when peripheral nerves that detect pathogens or inflammation are activated and relay this information back to the central nervous system. In the brain, this information is coordinated in unique brain centers, resulting in neuronal signaling and the release of neurotransmitters that can alter physiology in various organs. Many immune cells are responsive to neurotransmitters, and a few subtypes are also capable of producing and releasing them. For example, a highly specialized subset of B- and T-cells express the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and can release acetylcholine. Previous work has shown that ChAT+ immune cells can regulate immune cell recruitment during viral infection of the meninges, which surround the brain and spinal cord. During viral encephalitis, immune cells penetrate the blood brain barrier and increase inflammation detrimentally, with long-lasting impacts in speech, memory, and sleep in some patients. The precise mechanisms by which immune cells are recruited into the brain, and the role of neuroimmune circuits in their recruitment and activation, remain undefined. Defining the immune cell subsets that induce maladaptive inflammation in the brain and the mechanisms that lead to their recruitment is critical to identify potential targets for limiting immunopathology during viral encephalitis. The proposed research utilizes the expertise of researchers at LLNL in infectious disease and single cell transcriptomics. To elucidate if neuroimmune circuits can reduce immunopathology during viral infection, mouse models of encephalitic viral pathogens currently established in Dr. Weilhammer’s lab will be used alongside preexisting electrical neurostimulation procedures and unique genetic models from Dr. Reardon’s lab. Additionally, the use of LLNL’s established single-cell RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis pipeline will be leveraged to gain insight into the mechanisms by which neuroimmune circuits modulate cell behavior during viral infection and aid in the identification of potential therapeutic targets. These studies will identify if neuroimmune communication can reduce virally induced encephalitis, the role of specific immune cells, and receptors that could mediate these protective effects.
The Effects of Distributive Leadership Style: Beyond Teachers' Job Satisfaction
Publisher: name: The University Of Kurdistan
Year: 2021

description: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of Distributed Leadership on\nJob Satisfaction of teachers, and then determine the effects of DL and teachers' JS on the\nacademic performance of high school students. This study was a descriptive-correlational\nwork in terms of methodology and theoretical-applied work in terms of purpose. The\nstatistical population of this study included two groups of stakeholders, namely teachers and\n11th-grade students at high schools in Khuzestan province, Iran. Multi-stage cluster\nsampling used for sampling; accordingly, 52 out of 270 active schools in Khuzestan province\nselected as samples. On average, seven teachers from each school and all 11th-grade\nstudents from those schools who took the final exams participated in the study. The\nmeasurement tool for DL and JS was a Questionnaire with an alpha coefficient of 0.83, and\n0.96. Final exam scores were also used to measure students' academic performance. Results\nshowed that there was a significant relationship between all variables of DL and teachers'\nJS. Also, all variables of DL had a significant relationship with students' academic\nperformance. The results of the regression analysis showed that JS and variables of DL are\ngood predictors of students' academic performance. Finally, the results of this study showed\nthat the outcomes of distributed leadership for schools are not limited to teachers' job\nsatisfaction; but it affects directly and indirectly on one of the most important missions of\nthe school - the improvement of student academic performance. This three-dimensional\npackage is a necessity for 21st\n-century schools' effectiveness
School principals' perception of professional ethics and the extent of its observance in high schools in Birjand
Publisher: name: The University Of Kurdistan
Year: 2021

description: This research has been done with a mixed exploratory method with the aim of\nidentifying the perception and the degree of observance of professional ethics of\nschool principals. The required data were collected using a questionnaire and a semistructured interview. The statistical population of the study included all secondary\nschool principals in Birjand. In quantitative phase, 75 people were selected as a\nsample by relative random sampling. 375 people were selected to be surveyed about\nthe level of professional ethics of their managers. Then, based on the analysis of the\nfindings of the quantitative stage of the research, the participants in the qualitative\nstage of the research (16 people) were selected by purposive sampling. Descriptive\nand inferential statistical indicators were used to analyze quantitative data and\ninterpretive analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The results show that from\nthe perspective of teachers, the professional ethics of principal is at a desirable level.\nAlso, the variables of gender and level of education did not make a significant\ndifference in the level of observance of managers' professional ethics. The results of\nthe qualitative phase of the research also represented school principals' perceptions of\nprofessional ethics in five main dimensions, including benefit-oriented ethics, personcentered ethics, duty-based ethics, rights-oriented ethics, & justice-oriented ethics.\nEach of which included several categories. Also, the results obtained from data\nanalysis showed that school principals have a better understanding of task-oriented\nethics than other dimensions of professional ethics and benefit-oriented ethics is at a\nhigher level in terms of compliance than other dimensions. But the dimension of\njustice-oriented ethics was lower than other dimensions in terms of both\nunderstanding and observance