Archaeological Monitoring of the Tinker Road Bridge Repair (Replacement) Project, Bellows Air Force Station, Waimanalo, O`ahu Island, Hawai`i
Creators: name: Miller, Lynn
Publisher: name: Bishop Museum
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: 15998 (Fips Code)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/73136/15998-fips-code
subject: United States of America (Country)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/384/united-states-of-america-country
subject: Oahu (Island)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79023/oahu-island
subject: Bellows Air Force Station
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79858/bellows-air-force-station
subject: Waimanalo
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79859/waimanalo
subject: North America (Continent)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2890/north-america-continent
subject: Hawaii (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2027/hawaii-state-territory
subject: Tinker Road Bridge
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/117486/tinker-road-bridge
subject: 50-80-15-511
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/24181/50-80-15-511
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/357/roasting-pit-oven-horno
subject: Hearth
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/343/hearth
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Fire Cracked Rock
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/5/fire-cracked-rock
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey
subject: Heritage Management
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/24/heritage-management

description: Between November 1988 and January 1989 archaeological monitoring was conducted for excavation activities on the Emergency Repairs, Flood Damage, Roadway Bridge project at Bellows Air Force Station, Waimanalo, O'ahu. This bridge lies 50 m due south of the Bellows Sand Dune Site commonly referred to as "0-18". The Bellows Sand Dune Site is considered to be one of the three oldest sites in Hawai'i. Monitoring was focused on the construction of two cofferdams at each end of the bridge. Despite the "clamshelling" excavation method, cultural evidence was exposed in Site 50-0a-G7-26 (State Site 50-80-15-511). It was similar to that already documented from 0-18, including the three distinct occupational leve1s, firepits, and artifacts. Pearson, Kirch, and Pietrusewsky (1971) show dates ranging from earlier than A.D. 380 through the 1600s. By using volcanic glass hydration-rind analysis, Cordy and Tuggle (1976) present dates ranging between A.D. l096 and l343, which are contemporary too, but considerably more recent than many of Pearson's. Moreover, one of Cordy and Tuggle's criticisms of Pearson et al. was for not clearly defining the occupational boundaries of 0-l8. The recovery of specific types of artifacts in conjunction with radiocarbon dates from charcoal samples obtained during this recent construction project may indicate the extent of the Bellows Sand Dune Site and confirm the time frame of the site's occupation by early Hawaiians.