cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation as an Alternative to Diffusion and Beam-Line Implantation for Creating Phosphorous Doped Emitters and Selective Emitters
Creators: name: Lawerenz, A.
name: Neckermann, K.
name: Andrä, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1553-1557
description: The plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) can be used to implant phosphorus ions into the silicon
surface. Therefore it is a possible alternative to other doping techniques as phosphorus diffusion or beam
implantation. For a successful implantation into a solar cell processing line, some obstacles that are dealt with in this
contribution have to be overcome. We are investigating possible paths for the activation and annealing step that is
necessary for getting sufficient sheet resistances and we are correlating processing parameters to solar cell parameters
as doping profiles, emitter saturation currents and solar cell efficiencies, both for mono- and multicrystalline wafers.
Furthermore we are investigating the possibility of a laser assisted selective emitter process.
Evaluating feedbacks between vegetation and sediment dynamics in Submersed Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) beds and created marshes of living shorelines in Chesapeake Bay
Creators: name: Bolton, Miles Charles
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Marine geology
subject: Environmental science

description: Intertidal marshes and subtidal submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) provide similar ecosystem services such as wave attenuation, provision of nursery habitat, water filtration, and sediment and nutrient retention. They are often found together in the coastal zone, especially when marshes have been created for shoreline protection in living shorelines. This study examines sediment dynamics within the created marshes of living shorelines and adjacent nearshore SAV habitat in mesohaline Chesapeake Bay, and within emergent, patchy SAV beds of the Susquehanna Flats. The naturally occurring radioisotopes 7Be (half-life: 53.3 days) and 210Pb (half-life: 22.3 years) were used to calculate seasonal- and decadal-scale sedimentation rates. Mud content, organic content, and nutrient concentrations were analyzed to describe sedimentary characteristics. Coastal habitats in the Chesapeake Bay exert significant influence on local sediment dynamics, further research on feedbacks between coastal vegetation and sediment dynamics can improve our understanding on how coastal ecosystems interact with Bay-wide shifts in sediment dynamics.
Integrating ontologies in comparative analyses of trait evolution
Creators: name: Balhoff, James
name: Dahdul, Wasila
name: Lapp, Hilmar
name: Mabee, Paula
name: Tarasov, Sergei
name: Uyeda, Josef
name: Vision, Todd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: phylogenetics
bioontologies
comparative anatomy

description: Our knowledge of morphology is largely implicit and not normally accessible to comparative analysis tools. Much of this knowledge is, however, encoded in ontologies. The Semantic Comparative Analysis for Trait Evolution project (scate.phenoscape.org) is developing tools that use the computable knowledge in ontologies to improve models of trait evolution. These new tools provide access to and take advantage of the semantics of phenotypes available from the Phenoscape Knowledgebase.
SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY FORMATION UNDER THE EFFECT OF MICROFERTILISERS AND GROWTH REGULATORS
Creators: name: Baida, M.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: soybean
yield
protein
oil
microfertiliser
growth regulator

description: In the experiment, we studied the efficiency of growing soybean varieties ‘Ustia’, ‘Cordoba’ and ‘Estafeta’, as well as the influence of the following technology factors: microfertiliser Yara Vita Mono Molytrac applied in the budding stage (0.25 l/ha); Yara Vita Mono Molytrac applied in the budding stage (0.25 l/ha) + in the flowering stage (0.25 l/ha); growth regulators (Biosil, Radostim). According to the research results, it was found that the best yield of ‘Cordoba’ variety was obtained with the application of Yara Vita Mono Molytrac in the budding stage + Radostim (3.03 t/ha), and Yara Vita Mono Molytrac applied twice in combination with Biosil (3.03 t/ha) or Radostim (3.07 t/ha). Similarly, in ‘Estafeta’ variety, the maximum yield was obtained for the combination of Yara Vita Mono Molytrac in the budding stage + Radostim, and for application of Yara Vita Mono Molytrac applied twice in combination with Biosil or Radostim. The protein content was the best in ‘Cordoba’ variety for treatment with Yara Vita Mono Molytrac in the budding stage + Radostim (43.5%), and for application of Yara Vita Mono Molytrac in the budding stage + at the flowering stage in combination with Biosil (43.3%) or Radostim (46.6%). However, the best treatments in terms of oil content in ‘Cordoba’ variety were the use of Yara Vita Mono Molytrac + Radostim (21.3%), and Yara Vita Mono Molytrac applied twice in combination with Biosil (21.5%) or Radostim (23.2%). The best productivity of soybean variety ‘Estafeta’ was under the combination of Yara Vita Mono Molytrac applied twice and Biosil, which ensured oil content of 22.3%.
Evaluating white perch (Morone americana) fecundity in select Chesapeake Bay tributaries in repsonse to pathology and fitness
Creators: name: Shaner, Jacob
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Natural resource management
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological oceanography
subject: Chesapeake Bay
subject: fecundity
subject: mycobacteriosis
subject: reproduction
subject: stereology
subject: white perch

description: Fecundity studies have emerged as a complement to generalized stock assessment methods in an effort to more accurately determine reproductive potential, as well as explain a lack of stock recovery in some cases. The Chesapeake Bay presents an interesting case study, in that widespread anthropogenic influence has created the potential to reduce reproductive fitness among resident species, including white perch (Morone americana). This study seeks to investigate white perch population fecundity in response to habitat quality, as well as disease and nutrition, through the use of stereological and automated counting methods to assess agreement between stock assessments and reproductive potential. Results indicate lack of impact on fecundity from degraded habitat, limited impact of individual nutrition, and no conclusive effect from disease. These findings, coupled with stable recruitment, indicate that white perch reproduction in the Chesapeake Bay is unaffected by increased population stress.
Minimum Orbital Periods of H-Rich Bodies
Creators: name: Rappaport, S.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Schwab, J.
name: Nelson, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we derive the minimum allowed orbital periods of H-rich bodies ranging in mass from Saturn's mass to 1 $M_{\odot}$, emphasizing gas giants and brown dwarfs over the range $0.0003 - 0.074 \, M_\odot$. Analytic fitting formulae for $P_{\rm min}$ as a function of the mass of the body and as a function of the mean density are presented. We assume that the density of the host star is sufficiently high so as not to limit the minimum period. In many instances this implies that the host star is a white dwarf. This work is aimed, in part, toward distinguishing brown dwarfs from planets that are found transiting the host white dwarf without recourse to near infrared or radial velocity measurements. In particular, orbital periods of $\lesssim 100$ minutes are very likely to be brown dwarfs. The overall minimum period over this entire mass range is $\simeq 37$ minutes.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures ApJ (accepted April 12, 2021)
Seeking Home: Community Development for the Venezuelan Diaspora in Quito, Ecuador
Creators: name: Urdaneta, Victoria
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Refugees
subject: Venezuela

description: As the political and economic problems in Venezuela worsen, the migration crisis the country is facing, increases. Four million Venezuelans have left the country, and the number is expected to double by the end of 2020. Popular destinations include countries like Colombia and Ecuador. This thesis proposes a response to the migration crisis in Quito, Ecuador. With 400,000 Venezuelans currently there and more expected to move to Ecuador by the end of this year, the problem obvious. This thesis explores the design of a refugee center in a self-sufficient community that offers housing, migratory and job search assistance, as well as educational programs, intending to help Venezuelans find a home in their new city, regardless of how extended their stay is.
Photovoltaic with Energy Storage: An Overview on Economics, System Design and Politics
Creators: name: Werner, C.
name: Breyer, C.
name: Gerlach, A.
name: Beckel, O.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV - a Major Electricity Source
PV in the Electricity Mix

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4560-4569
description: In terms of levelized cost of electricity, renewable energies are able to compete with cost of conventional grid
electricity, as of today in relevant regions of the world. Partially, electricity being generated by renewable energy
sources reached to be less expensive than conventional electricity from the grid. Thus, an electricity supply by
renewable energy sources becomes more and more attractive. Furthermore, a decentralized electricity generation
appears to be reasonable. This, enables everyone to generate electricity at the place where it is consumed, reducing
cost by less grid electricity demand. The renewable energy source solar irradiation can be used in a decentralised
manner, whereas a combination with energy storage systems is needed since the fluctuating energy flow has to be
adapted to the load profile of human activities. This combination is about to enhance high shares of self consumed
electricity in ones electricity demand.
This paper gives an overview on grid-parity for photovoltaic systems with energy storage for Germany and some
more regions of the world. Residential systems are focused. System configurations as a function of specific factors
like regional economics, typical consumption profiles and geographical conditions are analysed.
Long Wave Dynamics along a Convex Bottom
Creators: name: Didenkulova, Ira
name: Pelinovsky, Efim
name: Soomere, Tarmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long linear wave transformation in the basin of varying depth is studied for a case of a convex bottom profile in the framework of one-dimensional shallow water equation. The existence of travelling wave solutions in this geometry and the uniqueness of this wave class is established through construction of a 1:1 transformation of the general 1D wave equation to the analogous wave equation with constant coefficients. The general solution of the Cauchy problem consists of two travelling waves propagating in opposite directions. It is found that generally a zone of a weak current is formed between these two waves. Waves are reflected from the coastline so that their profile is inverted with respect to the calm water surface. Long wave runup on a beach with this profile is studied for sine pulse, KdV soliton and N-wave. Shown is that in certain cases the runup height along the convex profile is considerably larger than for beaches with a linear slope. The analysis of wave reflection from the bottom containing a shallow coastal area of constant depth and a section with the convex profile shows that a transmitted wave always has a sign-variable shape.
description: Submitted to Journal of Fluid Mechanics
The temperature dependence of lipid membrane permeability, its quantized nature, and the influence of anesthetics
Creators: name: Blicher, Andreas
name: Wodzinska, Katarzyna
name: Fidorra, Matthias
name: Winterhalter, Mathias
name: Heimburg, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the permeability of lipid membranes for fluorescence dyes and ions. We find that permeability reaches a maximum close to the chain melting transition of the membranes. Close to transitions, fluctuations in area and compressibility are high, leading to an increased likelihood of spontaneous lipid pore formation. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) reveals the permeability for rhodamine dyes across 100 nm vesicles. Using FCS, we find that the permeability of vesicle membranes for fluorescence dyes is within error proportional to the excess heat capacity. To estimate defect size we measure the conductance of solvent-free planar lipid bilayer. Microscopically, we show that permeation events appear as quantized current events. Further, we demonstrate that anesthetics lead to a change in membrane permeability that can be predicted from their effect on heat capacity profiles. Depending on temperature, the permeability can be enhanced or reduced. We demonstrate that anesthetics decrease channel conductance and ultimately lead to 'blocking' of the lipid pores in experiments performed at or above the chain melting transition. Our data suggest that the macroscopic increase in permeability close to transitions and microscopic lipid channel formation are the same physical process.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
THE POTENTIAL OF THE DEMONSTRATION EXAM BY WORLDSKILLS STANDARDS FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Creators: name: Vasilyeva, N.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: professional competencies
demonstration exam
teaching in elementary grades
higher educa-tion
assessment of education’ quality

description: The author analyzes the possibilities of the demonstration exam by World Skills standards (competence «Teaching in elementary grades») for assessment of students’ general cultural, general professional and profes-sional competencies. The author made the conclusion about the expediency of improving the demonstration exam for a full assessment of the professional training of future primary school teachers.
Chemical chronology of the Southern Coalsack
Creators: name: Rodgers, S. D.
name: Charnley, S. B.
name: Smith, R. G.
name: Butner, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate how the observed H2O ice column densities toward three dense globules in the Southern Coalsack could be used to constrain the ages of these sources. We derive ages of ~10^5 yr, in agreement with dynamical studies of these objects. We have modelled the chemical evolution of the globules, and show how the molecular abundances are controlled by both the gas density and the initial chemical conditions as the globules formed. Based on our derived ages, we predict the column densities of several species of interest. These predictions should be straightforward to test by performing molecular line observations
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, in press at MNRAS
Challenges for asteroseismic analysis of Sun-like stars
Creators: name: Chaplin, W. J.
name: Houdek, G.
name: Appourchaux, T.
name: Elsworth, Y.
name: New, R.
name: Toutain, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asteroseismology of Sun-like stars is undergoing rapid expansion with, for example, new data from the CoRoT mission and continuation of ground-based campaigns. There is also the exciting upcoming prospect of NASA's Kepler mission, which will allow the asteroseismic study of several hundred Sun-like targets, in some cases for periods lasting up to a few years. The seismic mode parameters are the input data needed for making inference on stars and their internal structures. In this paper we discuss the ease with which it will be possible to extract estimates of individual mode parameters, dependent on the mass, age, and visual brightness of the star. Our results are generally applicable; however, we look at mode detectability in the context of the upcoming Kepler observations. To inform our discussions we make predictions of various seismic parameters. To do this we use simple empirical scaling relations and detailed pulsation computations of the stochastic excitation and damping characteristics of the Sun-like p modes. The issues related to parameter extraction on individual p modes discussed here are mode detectability, the detectability and impact of stellar activity cycles, and the ability to measure properties of rotationally split components, which is dependent on the relative importance of the rotational characteristics of the star and the damping of the stochastically excited p modes.
description: 11 pages; accepted for publication in A&A. Corrections to a few minor typos. Changes to plots to make bold symbols clearer in on-screen PDF
Transverse Ultrafast Laser Inscription in Bulk Silicon
Creators: name: Chambonneau, M.
name: Blothe, M.
name: Li, Q.
name: Fedorov, V. Yu.
name: Heuermann, T.
name: Gebhardt, M.
name: Gaida, C.
name: Tertelmann, S.
name: Sotier, F.
name: Limpert, J.
name: Tzortzakis, S.
name: Nolte, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In-volume ultrafast laser direct writing of silicon is generally limited by strong nonlinear propagation effects preventing the initiation of modifications. By employing a triple-optimization procedure in the spectral, temporal and spatial domains, we demonstrate that modifications can be repeatably produced inside silicon. Our approach relies on irradiation at $\approx 2$-$μ$m wavelength with temporally-distorted femtosecond pulses. These pulses are focused in a way that spherical aberrations of different origins counterbalance, as predicted by point spread function analyses and in good agreement with nonlinear propagation simulations. We also establish the laws governing modification growth on a pulse-to-pulse basis, which allows us to demonstrate transverse inscription inside silicon with various line morphologies depending on the irradiation conditions. We finally show that the production of single-pulse repeatable modifications is a necessary condition for reliable transverse inscription inside silicon.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
MWT Solar Cell Processing by Use of isishape® SolarEtch® SiD for Rear Contact and Edge Isolation
Creators: name: Spribille, A.
name: Greulich, J.
name: Lohmüller, E.
name: Clement, F.
name: Specht, J.
name: Biro, D.
name: Preu, R.
name: Doll, O.
name: Tüshaus, C.
name: Stockum, W.
name: Köhler, I.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2001-2006
description: MWT (metal wrap through) solar cells allow higher efficiencies, while only requiring two additional process
steps. One of these process steps – the contact isolation between the external n-contact on the rear and the rear p-contact is
the focus of this work. The possibility of realizing this isolation by the etching paste isishape® SolarEtch® SiD instead of a
laser groove, which was presented at this conference two years ago, is investigated further. Moreover, this rear contact
isolation is combined with the paste driven edge isolation simultaneously which was relocated to the rear of the solar cell. In
addition to the experimental approach, the two isolation technologies as well as an isolation implemented by a thermal oxide,
which works as a diffusion barrier and passivates the surface at the same time, were simulated to validate the experimental
results.
A proof of concept is given by two MWT cell runs, which show high parallel resistances and indicated higher efficiencies for
the isolation by etching paste compared to the isolation by laser grooves. These results are reinforced by the conducted
simulation.
THE ROLE OF PERSONAL PLANNING IN THE MODERN PERSONAL MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: Soma, B.
name: Hobela, V.
name: Huzenko, I.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: staff
staffing
management
personnel planning
enterprise

description: The study analyzed the main benefits for the company in the implementation of personnel planning. An al-gorithm for staff needs planning is proposed. Moreover, the study analyzed the main methods of determining the number of staff and substantiates the method of calculating the need for specialists in the future. Based on research results the study offered the structure of the standard operational plan of work with the personnel.
Lower bounds for production/inventory problems by cost allocation
Creators: name: Iyogun, Paul Omolewa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis presents a cost allocation method for deriving lower bounds on costs of feasible policies for a class of production/inventory problems. Consider the joint replenishment problem where a group of items is replenished together or individually. A sequence of reorders for any particular item will incur holding, backorder and set-up costs specific to the item, in addition whenever any item is replenished a joint cost is incurred. What is required of the total problem is the minimization of a cost function of the replenishment sequence or policy. The cost allocation method consists of decomposing the total problem into sub-problems, one for each item, by allocating the joint cost amongst the items in such a way that every item in the group receives a positive allocation or none. The result is that, for an arbitrary feasible cost allocation, the sum of the minimum costs for the subproblems is a lower bound on the cost of any feasible policy to the total problem. The results for the joint replenishment problem follows: For the constant and continuous demand case we reproduce the lower bound of Jackson, Maxwell and Muckstadt more easily than they did. For the multi-item dynamic lot-size problem, we generalize Silver-Meal and part-period balancing heuristics, and derive a cost allocation bound with little extra work. For the 'can-order' system, we use periodic policies derived from the cost allocation method and show that they are superior to the more complex (s,c,S) policies. The cost allocation method is easily generalized to pure distribution problems where joint replenishment decisions are taken at several facilities. For example, for the one-warehouse multi-retailer problem, we reproduce Roundy's bound more easily than he did. For the multi-facility joint replenishment problem (a pure distribution system with an arbitrary number of warehouses), we give a lower bound algorithm whose complexity is dr log r where d is the maximum number of facilities which replenish a particular item and r is the number of items.
A random fiber bundle with many discontinuities in the threshold distribution
Creators: name: Divakaran, Uma
name: Dutta, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the breakdown of a random fiber bundle model (RFBM) with $n$-discontinuities in the threshold distribution using the global load sharing scheme. In other words, $n+1$ different classes of fibers identified on the basis of their threshold strengths are mixed such that the strengths of the fibers in the $i-th$ class are uniformly distributed between the values $σ_{2i-2}$ and $σ_{2i-1}$ where $1 \leq i \leq n+1$. Moreover, there is a gap in the threshold distribution between $i-th$ and $i+1-th$ class. We show that although the critical stress depends on the parameter values of the system, the critical exponents are identical to that obtained in the recursive dynamics of a RFBM with a uniform distribution and global load sharing. The avalanche size distribution (ASD), on the other hand, shows a non-universal, non-power law behavior for smaller values of avalanche sizes which becomes prominent only when a critical distribution is approached. We establish that the behavior of the avalanche size distribution for an arbitrary $n$ is qualitatively similar to a RFBM with a single discontinuity in the threshold distribution ($n=1$), especially when the density and the range of threshold values of fibers belonging to strongest ($n+1$)-th class is kept identical in all the cases.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, Accepted in Phys. Rev. E
Analysis of Mini-Grid Installations: An Overview on System Configurations
Creators: name: Werner, C.
name: Breyer, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3885-3892
description: Mini-grids have been in operation for decades and supply remote areas that are not connected to any national
electricity grid. Applications are available for rural villages, small cities or islands. Furthermore, mini-grids are used
to supply remote telecommunication facilities or public applications, e.g. lighthouses, national parks, schools or
mountain shelters. These applications are often powered by small combustion engines, whose main cost factor are
fuel costs faced to high and increasing prices. Power generation by photovoltaics (PV) is most suitable to supply
mini-grids, because the solar resource is evenly distributed varying by a factor of about two in the world, while other
renewable energy sources depend more on local geographical conditions [1,2]. Because of the multitude of different
mini-grid system configurations (mainly: PV, wind power, small hydro, battery storage and diesel generator),
publications on 155 mini-grid system installations have been analysed to realise an overview on how different types
of mini-grid systems are sized and configured [3,4]. Furthermore an overview on locations of hybrid mini-grid
systems including estimations on market potential is given.
Novel Electroless Copper Contacts Application in LCPV
Creators: name: Andrijauskas, D.
name: Janusonis, J.
name: Janusoniene, V.
name: Sulinskas, K.
name: Galdikas, A.
name: Juzumas, V.
name: Paulauskas, J.
name: Jeramine, L.
name: Lukstaraupis, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 185-188
description: The purpose of this work was the formation of highly conductive and low cost copper contacts on shallow
and thus optically thin p-n junctions (<0.4μm deep) on a randomly textured solar cells for low concentration PV
(LCPV) module. At first, window formation process in SixNy by femtosecond UV laser pulse ablation on the textured
surface was introduced. Then nickel silicide contacts were formed and subsequent contact thickening was performed
by electroless copper plating in an industrially feasible way. Characteristics of finished solar cells were investigated
in this work. The cells were successfully implemented into the low concentration (C=15x) PV module.
Methods for Investigating the Subsurface Damage at Bevel Polished Wafer Samples
Creators: name: Grün, A.
name: Lauer, K.
name: Porytskyy, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1014-1017
description: A main goal in manufacturing crystalline silicon wafers is to produce wafers with flat and low damaged
surfaces. The breakage ratio during the wafer sawing process and solar cell production is still a main problem for every
crystalline silicon wafer producer. Hence, it is necessary to know the subsurface damage after the wafering process. Earlier
investigations show that surface roughness measurements are not sufficient for subsurface damage conclusions. Therefore, it
is important to determine the maximum crack depth and the crack depth distribution of representative wafers. In our
contribution we present a new and quick method for investigating the subsurface damage at bevel polished wafer samples and
compare it with standard methods.
Centaurus Solar Cell Technology in Production
Creators: name: Münzer, K.A.
name: Schöne, J.
name: Hanke, M.
name: Hein, M.
name: Teppe, A.
name: Maier, J.
name: Schlosser, R.E.
name: Yodyunyong, A.
name: Varner, K.
name: Habenicht, H.
name: Frieß, T.
name: Winter, P.
name: Keller, S.
name: Fath, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 666-671
description: Rear side passivation with local aluminium back surface field and dielectric reflection layer are upcoming technologies in crystalline solar cell production. For this purpose centrotherm developed the centaurus technology, which is based on a rear side dielectric passivation and local aluminium BSF (LBSFR) in combination with a laser diffused selective front side emitter. Average efficiencies of module ready solar cells with rear side silver busbars or pads of 19.5 % and best efficiencies of 19.9 % were achieved in R&D. Meanwhile centaurus solar cells are approaching efficiencies of 20 % also in production. After the initial successful development the main focus was on the implementation of the centaurus technology into production. This attempt was facilitated because only established processes such as wet chemical etch processes, PECVD layer deposition, laser technology and conventional screen printing were applied for the rear passivation and local contact. In
consequence the developed production technology features high process capability and process robustness, demonstrated by an acceptability of wide parameter windows. An average solar cell efficiency level of 19.5 % was achieved reproducibly in
production and best cell efficiencies of 20 % were already observed in production. According to the compatibility with common technologies solar modules of 60 cells 156 mm x 156 mm in size could be assembled very easily using conventional module materials and processes. Module power output of about 265 Wp with application of standard module glasses or even about 274 Wp with application of an AR- glass were achieved.
Kinetic Aspects of the Contact Formation by Glass Containing Silver Pastes
Creators: name: Eberstein, M.
name: Schilm, J.
name: Reinhardt, K.
name: Partsch, U.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 840-844
description: The glass addition in a silver paste has a key role for the adhesion of the silver track, on one hand, and
for a homogeneous formation of an interfacial microstructure showing a sufficient number and size of silver
precipitates, on the other hand. In our study, time and temperature dependencies of the sintering density and
formation of interfacial layers were examined by interrupted firings of metallized wafers. The cross sections of
intermediate states of the sintered microstructures of the model pastes were visualized by focused ion beam
preparation and SEM. While the silver finger becomes densified a distinct fraction of the paste glass reacts at the
interface in terms of silver dissolution, transport, precipitation and emitter etching, while the layer is growing
continuously in thickness. Thereby, the ohmic resistivity of the glassy interface layer is simultaneously lowered by
Ag-precipitation and increased by thickness. The P-doped emitter layer is partly etched by the reactive glass melt at
the interface. In other words, the contact resistivity of the P-doped silicon surface is increased continuously. The
specific contact resistivity of the interface can be referred to as a superposition of the specific resistances of the silver
enriched glassy interface layer and the etched, phosphor doped Si-surface. By optimizing powder geometry, silver
densification characteristics and sinter onset of the glass phase it is possible to control the active amount of paste
glass at the interface paste/wafer. The effects found on a model paste were examined in praxis on the example of new
PbO free paste compositions for the front side metallization of solar cells.
Chiral Anomaly Beyond Lorentz Invariance
Creators: name: Arias, P.
name: Falomir, H.
name: Gamboa, J.
name: Mendez, F.
name: Schaposnik, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chiral anomaly in the context of an extended standard model with minimal Lorentz invariance violation is studied. Taking into account bounds from measurements of the speed of light, we argue that the chiral anomaly and its consequences are general results valid even beyond the relativistic symmetry.
description: Final version. To be published in PRD
THE TEACHER’S ACTIVITY PECULIARITIES IN SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS THROUGH THE CONTENT OF CONTEMPORARY ART
Creators: name: Solovtsova, I.
name: Nikitenko, S.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: spiritual and moral education
the content of spiritual and moral education
contemporary art
secondary school students
age group

description: The article substantiates the logic of the teacher's activity with the works of contemporary art as a meaningful basis for the spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren of different age groups. The peculiarities of structuring the content of spiritual and moral education during teachers and students teamwork with contemporary art are revealed.
Неспецифические воспалительные заболевания женских половых органов. Дисбактериальные вагинозы
Creators: name: Сергеевич, Шевченко Александр
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: дисбактериальные вагинозы
неспецифические воспалительные заболевания женских половых органов
гинекология
dysbacteriologic vaginosis
non-specific inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs
gynecology

description: На русском: [Шевченко А.С. Доклад "Неспецифические воспалительные заболевания женских половых органов. Дисбактериальные вагинозы" / Общество акушеров-гинекологов. День акушера, 24 марта 2000 года, орг. ОЗО, ГЗО, ХГМУ, ХМАПО // Информационный бюллетень Харьковского медицинского общества, март-апрель 2000 года, 20 с. - С. 8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3252565]

Ключевые слова: дисбактериальные вагинозы, неспецифические воспалительные заболевания женских половых органов, гинекология.

In English: [Shevchenko Alexander S. et al. (2000) Report "Nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs. Dysbacteriologic vaginosis" (rus.) / Сommunity of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstetrician Day, March 24, 2000 // Information Bulletin of Kharkov Medical  Сommunity, March-April 2000, p. 8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3252565]

Keywords: dysbacteriologic vaginosis, non-specific inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs, gynecology.
WAYS TO ENSURE ENERGY SECURITY OF UKRAINE: DIVERSIFICATION OF THE ENERGY MARKET
Creators: name: Petrochenko, O.
name: Zinich, P.
name: Kubanov, R.
name: Kushnir, S.
name: Nischuk, V.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: energy security of Ukraine
energy sphere of Ukraine
diversification of energy supply
reduction of energy dependence of the country
economy

description: The place and role of diversification of energy supply in the modern system of energy security of Ukraine are determined. It is noted that diversification is a broad concept that provides for an even distribution of risks in order to reduce their negative potential impact. Diversification can concern types of energy resources, sources of energy resources, types of energy technologies. Based on the main priorities of Ukraine's economic development and in order to ensure its energy independence, the main directions of development of the domestic energy sector have been identified. According to the authors, in order to ensure the energy development strategy, an appropriate sys-tem of state regulation of the economy should be formed, which will allow for optimal interaction between all elements of the economy and the state as a whole, and will be able to regulate and maintain the economy.
Regulatory Instruments for Fair Personalized Pricing
Creators: name: Xu, Renzhe
name: Zhang, Xingxuan
name: Cui, Peng
name: Li, Bo
name: Shen, Zheyan
name: Xu, Jiazheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Personalized pricing is a business strategy to charge different prices to individual consumers based on their characteristics and behaviors. It has become common practice in many industries nowadays due to the availability of a growing amount of high granular consumer data. The discriminatory nature of personalized pricing has triggered heated debates among policymakers and academics on how to design regulation policies to balance market efficiency and equity. In this paper, we propose two sound policy instruments, i.e., capping the range of the personalized prices or their ratios. We investigate the optimal pricing strategy of a profit-maximizing monopoly under both regulatory constraints and the impact of imposing them on consumer surplus, producer surplus, and social welfare. We theoretically prove that both proposed constraints can help balance consumer surplus and producer surplus at the expense of total surplus for common demand distributions, such as uniform, logistic, and exponential distributions. Experiments on both simulation and real-world datasets demonstrate the correctness of these theoretical results. Our findings and insights shed light on regulatory policy design for the increasingly monopolized business in the digital era.
description: WWW 2022
WORLD EXPERIENCE IN COMBATING CORRUPTION AND THE POTENTIAL OF MODERN MEDIA
Creators: name: Goryunova, S.
Publisher: name: Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: anti-corruption
corruption
mass media
media space
independent media
target audience

description: The article examines the world experience of combating corruption, notes the potential of modern media and independent media that cover the problem of corruption in the entire world community and have new opportunities for scaling information. The author pays special attention to the media space, which is a certain part of the social space and has its own features, signs, characteristic features.
On the generalised Selberg integral of Richards and Zheng
Creators: name: Warnaar, S. Ole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E05; 33B15

description: In a recent paper Richards and Zheng compute the determinant of a matrix whose entries are given by beta-type integrals, thereby generalising an earlier result by Dixon and Varchenko. They then use their result to obtain a generalisation of the famous Selberg integral. In this note we point out that the Selberg-generalisation of Richards and Zheng is a special case of an integral over Jack polynomials due to Kadell. We then show how an integral formula for Jack polynomials of Okounkov and Olshanski may be applied to prove Kadell's integral along the lines of Richards and Zheng.
description: 5 pages, to appear in Advances in Applied Mathematics
Analogical discovery of disordered perovskite oxides by crystal structure information hidden in unsupervised material fingerprints
Creators: name: Ihalage, Achintha
name: Hao, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Compositional disorder induces myriad captivating phenomena in perovskites. Target-driven discovery of perovskite solid solutions has been a great challenge due to the analytical complexity introduced by disorder. Here, we demonstrate that an unsupervised deep learning strategy can find fingerprints of disordered materials that embed perovskite formability and underlying crystal structure information by learning only from the chemical composition, manifested in (A1-xA'x)BO3 and A(B1-xB'x)O3 formulae. This phenomenon can be capitalized to predict the crystal symmetry of experimental compositions, outperforming several supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms. The educated nature of material fingerprints has led to the conception of analogical materials discovery that facilitates inverse exploration of promising perovskites based on similarity investigation with known materials. The search space of unstudied perovskites is screened from ~600,000 feasible compounds using experimental data powered ML models and automated web mining tools at a 94% success rate. This concept further provides insights on possible phase transitions and computational modelling of complex compositions. The proposed quantitative analysis of materials analogies is expected to bridge the gap between the existing materials literature and the undiscovered terrain.
Reducing the Impact of Iron on Carrier Lifetimes in Multicrystalline Silicon Wafers by Optimized Diffusion Temperature Profiles
Creators: name: Michl, B.
name: Schön, J.
name: Warta, W.
name: Schubert, M.C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 709-713
description: In this work we investigate the influence of different diffusion temperature profiles on the interstitial iron concentration before and after contact firing. It is shown that the positive influence of a low temperature anneal after phosphorus diffusion is strongly reduced after contact firing as the formed precipitates dissolve again. On the other hand, a dissolution peak before the diffusion aims on a decrease in precipitate density and therefore leads to a
reduced interstitial iron concentration especially after firing. The physical mechanisms during diffusion and firing are investigated with Sentaurus Process simulations. Furthermore, lifetime improvements in standard multicrystalline material could be achieved applying the dissolution peak before diffusion.
BIPV Façade Systems: Effectiveness of a Passive Strategy to Improve the PV Performance
Creators: name: Maturi, L.
name: Lollini, R.
name: Nikolaeva-Dimitrova, M.M.
name: Moser, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
PV and Architecture

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4203-4206
description: A typical problem of BiPV systems is the power loss due to the temperature increase: Berrie van Kampen [1] shows that
a BiPV façade system without ventilation can reach temperature peaks of 85°C, which could affect the PV power output
up to 30%, depending on the PV technology. It is thus crucial to properly integrate the PV system in the building
envelope in order to avoid conspicuous efficiency drops, applying several strategies such as passive cooling system
boosted by natural or mechanical ventilation of the gap between PV modules and building construction where it is
integrated to facilitate heat rejection.
This paper investigates the effectiveness of a possible “passive-low cost” strategy to reduce the PV temperature of BiPV
façade systems, enhancing thus their performance: metal fins are attached on the back side of the PV modules, working
as heat sinks to cool the panels.
The effectiveness of this solution is investigated through an experimental campaign.
The specimen of a BiPV façade system was built and tested in the Eurac laboratories [A.Giovanardi et al.] [6][7]. The
specimen is made of two PV modules (one with fins and the other one without) integrated in a façade wooden structure
with an air gap between the panels and the wall.
Measured data show that in “standard conditions” with still air in the gap behind the PV modules, presence of fins could
increase the PV power output of 1.5%. This value is expected to increase in real operating conditions for high facades
when stack effects is generated in the air gap.
Therefore, application of fins could be considered as a “passive-low cost” strategy to slightly improve the performance of
a BiPV façade system.
On the Role of Calcium in Multicrystalline Silicon
Creators: name: Ryningen, B.
name: Ervik, T.
name: Olsen, E.
name: Øvrelid, E.
name: Stokkan, G.
name: Kivambe, M.
name: Modanese, C.
name: Lohne, O.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1018-1022
description: Calcium is a sparsely studied impurity in silicon for solar cell applications, even though adding calciumcontaining
compounds to metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si) melt with subsequently repeated directional solidifications
[1] or with subsequent leaching [2],[3] are two known purifying methods. Calcium is present as a potential impurity in
multicrystalline silicon as a result of this process. Therefore, the behavior of Calcium as added contaminant in directional
solidification of multicrystalline Silicon (mc-Si) has been studied. Ca was added to the feedstock prior to the casting of a
12 kg pilot scale mc-Si ingot to obtain 100 ppm Ca in the melt [4]. In this study, a sample covering the whole height of
the ingot was studied on a larger scale and the most striking feature of the block is the line of Ca-rich regions containing
S3iN4 particles in the middle of the block. Dislocated areas extend from the Ca-rich regions, and upwards into the ingot.