cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms limiting the coherence time of spontaneous magnetic oscillations driven by DC spin-polarized currents
Creators: name: Sankey, J. C.
name: Krivorotov, I. N.
name: Kiselev, S. I.
name: Braganca, P. M.
name: Emley, N. C.
name: Buhrman, R. A.
name: Ralph, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-transfer torque from a DC spin-polarized current can generate highly-coherent magnetic precession in nanoscale magnetic-multilayer devices. By measuring linewidths of spectra from the resulting resistance oscillations, we argue that the coherence time can be limited at low temperature by thermal deflections about the equilibrium magnetic trajectory, and at high temperature by thermally-activated transitions between dynamical modes. Surprisingly, the coherence time can be longer than predicted by simple macrospin simulations.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Profit Maximizing Behavior On the Fed Cattle Grid: The Value of Pre-harvest and Genetic Sorting with Implications for Aggregate Supply
Creators: name: Wang, Chia-Hsing
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Wang, Chia-Hsing
name: Roe, Brian E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: We simulate the growth and quality changes for pens of cattle and derive the value of pre-harvest sorting and genetic selection under grid pricing in a deterministic setting featuring animals with heterogeneous growth and quality maturation paths. The key findings are: 1) both pre-harvest sorting and increased genetic uniformity could substantially affect an individual cattle feeder's net revenues; 2) one could expect higher marginal revenue gains from the genetic uniformity than from pre-market sorting; 3) both methods exhibit diminishing marginal returns and 4) aggregate beef supply may increase as improving uniformity typically leads to later optimal marketing dates and, hence, heavier animals at slaughter.
Pesch, Otto Hermann: Theologie der Rechtfertigung bei Martin Luther und Thomas von Aquin
Creators: name: Slenczka, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 17 Nr. 3 (1968): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 17, Heft 3
Constraints on SN Ia progenitor time delays from high-z SNe and the star formation history
Creators: name: Förster, F.
name: Wolf, C.
name: Podsiadlowski, Ph.
name: Han, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We re-assess the question of a systematic time delay between the formation of the progenitor and its explosion in a type Ia supernova (SN Ia) using the Hubble Higher-z Supernova Search sample (Strolger et al. 2004). While the previous analysis indicated a significant time delay, with a most likely value of 3.4 Gyr, effectively ruling out all previously proposed progenitor models, our analysis shows that the time-delay estimate is dominated by systematic errors, in particular due to uncertainties in the star-formation history. We find that none of the popular progenitor models under consideration can be ruled out with any significant degree of confidence. The inferred time delay is mainly determined by the peak in the assumed star-formation history. We show that, even with a much larger Supernova sample, the time delay distribution cannot be reliably reconstructed without better constraints on the star-formation history.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS
EVALUATING THE USE OF FUTURES PRICES TO FORECAST THE FARM LEVEL U.S. CORN PRICE
Creators: name: Hoffman, Linwood A.
name: Beachler, Michael
name: Hoffman, Linwood A.
name: Beachler, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A model is developed using bases, marketing weights, and a composite of monthly futures and cash prices to forecast a season-average U.S. farm price for corn. Forecast accuracy measures include the mean absolute percentage error and Theil's U-statistic. Futures forecasts are compared with a naïve forecast and WASDE projections. Futures price forecasts are timely and reliable.
Double diffractive rho-production in gamma^* gamma^* collisions
Creators: name: Pire, B.
name: Szymanowski, L.
name: Wallon, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first estimate of the cross-section for the exclusive process gamma^*_L (Q_1^2) gamma^*_L(Q_2^2) -> rho^0_L rho^0_L, which will be studied in the future high energy e^+ e^- linear collider. As a first step, we calculate the Born order approximation of the amplitude for longitudinally polarized virtual photons and mesons, in the kinematical region s >> -t, Q_1^2, Q_2^2. This process is completely calculable in the hard region Q_1^2, Q_2^2 >> Lambda^2_{QCD}. We perform most of the steps in an analytical way. The resulting cross-section turns out to be large enough for this process to be measurable with foreseen luminosity and energy, for Q_1^2 and Q_2^2 in the range of a few GeV^2.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures. Published version in EPJC. Minor changes and several references added with respect to v1
INCOME-ENHANCING AND RISK-REDUCING PROPERTIES OF MARKETING PRACTICES
Creators: name: Peterson, Hikaru Hanawa
name: Tomek, William G.
name: Peterson, Hikaru Hanawa
name: Tomek, William G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A rational expectations storage model is used to simulate monthly corn prices, which are used to evaluate marketing strategies to manage price risk. The data are generated and analyzed in two formats: for long-run outcomes over 10,000 "years" of monthly prices and for 10,000 cases of 40-year "lifetimes". Three categories of strategies are analyzed: frequency of post-harvest cash sales, unconditional hedges, and conditional hedges. The comparisons are based on the simulated probability distributions of net returns. One conclusion is that diversifying cash sales, without hedging, is not an efficient means of risk management. Unhedged storage does not reduce risk and, on average, reduces returns. The analysis of the 40-year lifetimes demonstrates, however, that rational decision-makers can face "lucky" and "unlucky" time periods. Thus, although the long-run analysis suggests that routine hedging reduces the variance (and the mean) of returns compared to the base case of selling in the spot market at harvest, the variance of returns (and their means) from both strategies will vary from lifetime to lifetime. Efficient strategies for producers with increasing utility functions vary from lifetime to lifetime, suggesting that efficient strategies likely vary from year-to-year. Nonetheless, strategies that take advantage of locking in returns to storage when relative prices are favorable are efficient in the second-degree sense and appear robust across different lifetimes. We also illustrate that conclusions are influenced by the measure of risk used. Perhaps the major conclusion is, however, that risk-management analysis is complex and potentially filled with pitfalls.
Additional file 4 of The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Creators: name: Sarkhosh-Khorasani, Sahar
name: Sangsefidi, Zohreh Sadat
name: Hosseinzadeh, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4.
An integrable family of torqued, damped, rigid rotors
Creators: name: Hanna, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Expositions of the Euler equations for the rotation of a rigid body often invoke the idea of a specially damped system whose energy dissipates while its angular momentum magnitude is conserved in the body frame. An attempt to explicitly construct such a damping function leads to a more general, but still integrable, system of cubic equations whose trajectories are confined to nested sets of quadric surfaces in angular momentum space. For some choices of parameters, the lines of fixed points along both the largest and smallest moment of inertia axes can be simultaneously attracting. Limiting cases are those that conserve either the energy or the magnitude of the angular momentum. Parallels with rod mechanics, micromagnetics, and particles with effective mass are briefly discussed.
description: staying amused during quarantine
Diagnostic Accuracy of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Corticotropin in Autonomous Cortisol Secretion.
Creators: name: Carafone, Lindsay
name: Zhang, Catherine D.
name: Dingfeng Li
name: Lazik, Natalia
name: Hamidi, Oksana
name: Hurtado, Maria Daniela
name: Young, William F.
name: Thomas, Melinda A.
name: Benzon M. Dy
name: Lyden, Melanie L.
name: Foster, Trenton R.
name: McKenzie, Travis J.
name: Bancos, Irina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental Tables 1-3
TRADING UNDER RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IN AN AGRICULTURAL WATER MARKET IN CHILE
Creators: name: Hadjigeorgalis, Ereney
name: Hadjigeorgalis, Ereney
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: risk
subject: uncertainty
subject: water markets
subject: spot markets
subject: permanent rights markets

description: Risk and uncertainty in a water market will generate trading patterns that differ from those expected under conditions of perfect foresight. Although trades will occur based on differences in VMPs of water in both markets, they will also be generated by differences in risk. Some farmers will choose to reduce relative risk by purchasing additional water rights whereas others will hold few rights and rely on the spot market to meet their needs in dry years. Since spot markets are riskier than permanent rights markets, farmers who are better able to bear risk are more likely to participate in the spot market than those who are not. Farmers who face less risk will be sellers in both markets whereas farmers who face more risk will be buyers. Perennial crop producers with high VMPs of water and who face the highest risk from water deficits, will not participate in spot markets and will tend to be only buyers in permanent rights markets in an attempt to insure against potential losses in the future productivity of their capital stock of perennial crops. Using data on short-term leasing and permanent rights transactions collected from over 300 farmer surveys during the 1996/97 growing season, water market participation decisions for spot and permanent rights markets are modeled in a discrete choice framework. Results support the hypothesis that risk has a significant effect on which market a farmer will participate in and in whether they will be demanders or suppliers of water or water rights.
Nature and completeness of galaxies detected in the Two Micron All Sky Survey
Creators: name: McIntosh, Daniel H.
name: Bell, Eric F.
name: Weinberg, Martin D.
name: Katz, Neal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We cross correlate the well-defined and very complete spectroscopic Main Galaxy Sample (MGS) of 156,000 bright (r<17.5 mag) galaxies from the SDSS with 2MASS sources to explore the nature and completeness of the 2MASS K-band selection of nearby galaxies. 2MASS detects 90% of the MGS brighter than r=17 mag. For r<16, 93.1% of the MGS is found in the 2MASS Extended Source Catalog (XSC). These detections span the representative range of optical and near-IR galaxy properties, but with a surface brightness-dependent bias to preferentially miss the most blue and low-concentration sources, consistent with the most morphologically late-type galaxy population. An XSC completeness of 97.5% is achievable at bright magnitudes, with blue LSBs being the only major source of incompleteness, if one follows our careful matching criteria and weeds out spurious SDSS sources. We conclude that the rapid drop in XSC completeness at r>16 reflects the sharp surface-brightness limit of the extended source detection algorithm in 2MASS. As a result, the r>16 galaxies found in the XSC are over-representative in red early types and under-representative in blue latetypes. At r>16 the XSC suffers an additional selection effect from the 2-3" spatial resolution limit of 2MASS. Therefore, 2MASS continues to detect 90% of of the MGS at 16
description: Submitted to MNRAS, 20 pages, Latex using mn2e.cls and macros.tex (included), 17 figures, version with full resolution figures at http://www.astro.umass.edu/~dmac/Preprints/mcintosh.hires.ps
LAND TENURE INSECURITY AND LABOR ALLOCATION IN RURAL CHINA
Creators: name: Lohmar, Bryan
name: Lohmar, Bryan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Farm Management
Labor and Human Capital
Land Economics/Use

description: Farmers' ability to leave agriculture is an important and debated topic in China and other countries. Many scholars believe China's unique land tenure policies prevent farmers from leaving agriculture. This paper examines the hypothesis that China's land tenure system deters exit from agriculture using household level data from Northeast China.
A Feature Weighted Mixed Naive Bayes Model for Monitoring Anomalies in the Fan System of a Thermal Power Plant
Creators: name: Wang, Min
name: Sheng, Li
name: Zhou, Donghua
name: Chen, Maoyin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: With the increasing intelligence and integration, a great number of two-valued variables (generally stored in the form of 0 or 1 value) often exist in large-scale industrial processes. However, these variables cannot be effectively handled by traditional monitoring methods such as LDA, PCA and PLS. Recently, a mixed hidden naive Bayesian model (MHNBM) is developed for the first time to utilize both two-valued and continuous variables for abnormality monitoring. Although MHNBM is effective, it still has some shortcomings that need to be improved. For MHNBM, the variables with greater correlation to other variables have greater weights, which cannot guarantee greater weights are assigned to the more discriminating variables. In addition, the conditional probability must be computed based on the historical data. When the training data is scarce, the conditional probability between continuous variables tends to be uniformly distributed, which affects the performance of MHNBM. Here a novel feature weighted mixed naive Bayes model (FWMNBM) is developed to overcome the above shortcomings. For FWMNBM, the variables that are more correlated to the class have greater weights, which makes the more discriminating variables contribute more to the model. At the same time, FWMNBM does not have to calculate the conditional probability between variables, thus it is less restricted by the number of training data samples. Compared with MHNBM, FWMNBM has better performance, and its effectiveness is validated through the numerical cases of a simulation example and a practical case of Zhoushan thermal power plant (ZTPP), China.
description: This paper has been accepted by IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica
Dias, Patrick V.: Vielfalt der Kirche in der Vielfalt der Jünger, Zeugen und Diener
Creators: name: Gassmann, Günter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 17 Nr. 3 (1968): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 17, Heft 3
Additional file 7 of The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Creators: name: Sarkhosh-Khorasani, Sahar
name: Sangsefidi, Zohreh Sadat
name: Hosseinzadeh, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 7.
Theorem on the Distribution of Short-Time Particle Displacements with Physical Applications
Creators: name: van Zon, R.
name: Cohen, E. G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of the initial short-time displacements of particles is considered for a class of classical systems under rather general conditions on the dynamics and with Gaussian initial velocity distributions, while the positions could have an arbitrary distribution. This class of systems contains canonical equilibrium of a Hamiltonian system as a special case. We prove that for this class of systems the nth order cumulants of the initial short-time displacements behave as the 2n-th power of time for all n>2, rather than exhibiting an nth power scaling. This has direct applications to the initial short-time behavior of the Van Hove self-correlation function, to its non-equilibrium generalizations the Green's functions for mass transport, and to the non-Gaussian parameters used in supercooled liquids and glasses.
description: A less ambiguous mathematical notation for cumulants was adopted and several passages were reformulated and clarified. 40 pages, 1 figure. Accepted by J. Stat. Phys
GOVERNMENT VS. ANARCHY: MODELING THE EVOLUTION OF INSTITUTIONS
Creators: name: Mittenzwei, Klaus
name: Bullock, David S.
name: Mittenzwei, Klaus
name: Bullock, David S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Institutions
subject: Imperfect Information
subject: Property Rights
subject: Decision Making
subject: Social Games

description: This paper gives a general mathematical definition of an institution, and presents an explicit formal method by which to incorporate institutions in a standard general equilibrium model. We illustrate our concept using a modified Prisoner's dilemma game in which property rights over natural resources emerge from an anarchy-like state of nature. Two players decide voluntarily and non-cooperatively whether to give up some fraction of their personal resource to set up an enforcement mechanism that punishes defecting players (i.e., players that do not opt to cooperate). This enforcement mechanism constitutes a credible threat, and is central to the establishment of bilateral cooperation (i.e, government). We highlight the importance of imperfect information (proposition 1) and risk averse behavior (propositions 2 and 3) for bilateral cooperation to be sustained as the unique Nash-equilibrium. Proposition 1 formalizes an idea of Brennan and Buchanan (1985) that the legitimacy of governments is based on their contribution to reducing uncertainty. Proposition 3 justifies an assumption made by Sened (1997) that rational individuals respect governments dictating specific institutions.
Hadronic Spectrum of a Holographic Dual of QCD
Creators: name: de Teramond, Guy F.
name: Brodsky, Stanley J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the spectrum of light hadrons in a holographic dual of QCD defined on $AdS_5 \times S^5$ which has conformal behavior at short distances and confinement at large interquark separation. Specific hadrons are identified by the correspondence of string modes with the dimension of the interpolating operator of the hadron's valence Fock state. Higher orbital excitations are matched quanta to quanta with fluctuations about the AdS background. Since only one parameter, the QCD scale $Λ_{QCD}$, is used, the agreement with the pattern of physical states is remarkable. In particular, the ratio of Delta to nucleon trajectories is determined by the ratio of zeros of Bessel functions.
description: 4 pages, REVTeX4, 2 figures. Version published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Additional file 8 of The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Creators: name: Sarkhosh-Khorasani, Sahar
name: Sangsefidi, Zohreh Sadat
name: Hosseinzadeh, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 8.
"QM19 summary talk": Outlook and future of heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Loizides, Constantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A summary of the QM19 conference is given by highlighting a few selected results. These are discussed as examples to illustrate the exciting future of heavy-ion collisions and the need for further instrumentation. (The arXiv version is significantly longer than the printed proceedings, with more figures.)
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, QM19 proceedings
Time-Delayed transfer functions simulations for LMXBs
Creators: name: Muñoz-Darias, T.
name: Martínez-Pais, I. G.
name: Casares, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent works (Steeghs & Casares 2002, Casares et al. 2003, Hynes et al. 2003) have demonstrated that Bowen flourescence is a very efficient tracer of the companion star in LMXBs. We present a numerical code to simulate time-delayed transfer functions in LMXBs, specific to the case of reprocessing in emission lines. The code is also able to obtain geometrical and binary parameters by fitting observed (X-ray + optical) light curves using simulated annealing methods. In this work we present the geometrical model for the companion star and the analytical model for the disc and show synthetic time-delay transfer functions for different orbital phases and system parameters.
description: Contribution presented at the conference "Interacting Binaries: Accretion, Evolution and Outcomes", held in Cefalu, Sicily (Italy) in July 2004. To be published by AIP (American Institute of Physics), eds. L. A. Antonelli, L. Burderi, F. D'Antona, T. Di Salvo, G.L. Israel, L. Piersanti, O. Straniero, A. Tornambe. 4 pages, 4 figures
Poincare Semigroup Symmetry as an Emergent Property of Unstable Systems
Creators: name: Harshman, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The notion that elementary systems correspond to irreducible representations of the Poincare group is the starting point for this paper, which then goes on to discuss how a semigroup for the time evolution of unstable states and resonances could emerge from the underlying Poincare symmetry. Important tools in this analysis are the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for the Poincare group.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 9 of The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Creators: name: Sarkhosh-Khorasani, Sahar
name: Sangsefidi, Zohreh Sadat
name: Hosseinzadeh, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 9.
THE IMPORTANCE OF BRAND NAME AND QUALITY IN THE RETAIL FOOD INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Apelbaum, Eidan
name: Apelbaum, Eidan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Private labels
subject: brand name
subject: quality

description: This paper analyzes the role of brand name recognition and product quality on the competition between national brands and private labels in the retail food industry. Theoretical and empirical evidence is provided to show that both marketing tools play a significant role, but in quite different ways. Quality improvements by one firm will intensify the competition; one firm will gain at the expense of its competitor. Whereas, increasing brand name recognition relaxes the competition, and both firms can gain.
ASSETS AND CONSTRAINTS RELATING TO THE LOCATION DECISIONS OF SMALL MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES IN VERMONT
Creators: name: Liang, Chyi-Lyi (Kathleen)
name: King, Lauren
name: Halbrendt, Catherine K.
name: Robinson, Karen
name: Liang, Chyi-Lyi (Kathleen)
name: King, Lauren
name: Halbrendt, Catherine K.
name: Robinson, Karen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: community development
subject: small business

description: The goal of this research is to identify the assets and constraints that exist specific to small business manufacturers in Vermont. To satisfy this goal, the study examines factors that influence location decisions as well as identifying what obstacles business owners have experienced. The idea for this project originated in response to the troubled economic condition of several Vermont communities, where unemployment rates are unusually high and income unusually low. Understanding what obstacles business faces might enable future ideas on how to solve these problems. Once assets are identified, they can be capitalized on, leading to more successful business operations. Preliminary data was collected through a telephone interview survey with Vermont small business owners. The data was analyzed in order to discover incentives and obstacles that existed for Vermont manufacturers as a whole, as well as in specific industries. Results from the survey suggested that Vermont's largest asset is that it offers an excellent quality of life. However, results alluded to several difficulties that owners are faced with, particularly complying with certain rules and regulations, obtaining adequate finances, a low-skilled workforce, and a weak communication network for small businesses.
Gradient learning in spiking neural networks by dynamic perturbation of conductances
Creators: name: Fiete, Ila R.
name: Seung, H. Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present a method of estimating the gradient of an objective function with respect to the synaptic weights of a spiking neural network. The method works by measuring the fluctuations in the objective function in response to dynamic perturbation of the membrane conductances of the neurons. It is compatible with recurrent networks of conductance-based model neurons with dynamic synapses. The method can be interpreted as a biologically plausible synaptic learning rule, if the dynamic perturbations are generated by a special class of ``empiric'' synapses driven by random spike trains from an external source.
description: 5 pages; 1 figure; submitted to PRL
Quasinormal modes and horizon area quantisation in Loop Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Carneiro, Saulo
name: Pigozzo, Cássio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that the quantum of area between consecutive, high overtones quasinormal modes of a black hole horizon coincides with the area gap predicted by Loop Quantum Gravity, as long as the horizon is isolated and the Barbero-Immirzi parameter is $γ\approx \sqrt{3}/6$, in agreement with the value derived from the Bekenstein-Hawking horizon entropy.
description: 9 pages, two figures, version to appear in General Relativity and Gravitation
POLITICAL ECONOMY DETERMINANTS OF TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS
Creators: name: Thornsbury, Suzanne
name: Thornsbury, Suzanne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: international trade
subject: technical barriers

description: Political economy determinants of questionable technical barriers applied to U.S. agricultural exports are evaluated using PROBIT and Poisson regression techniques. Results indicate the incidence of such barriers can increase when domestic agriculture is large relative to consumption, when producers are less competitive in international markets, and when the anticipated future level of protection through other forms of government intervention decreases.
Performance of the rigorous renormalization group for first order phase transitions and topological phases
Creators: name: Block, Maxwell
name: Motruk, Johannes
name: Gazit, Snir
name: Zaletel, Michael P.
name: Landau, Zeph
name: Vazirani, Umesh
name: Yao, Norman Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Expanding and improving the repertoire of numerical methods for studying quantum lattice models is an ongoing focus in many-body physics. While the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) has been established as a practically useful algorithm for finding the ground state in 1D systems, a provably efficient and accurate algorithm remained elusive until the introduction of the rigorous renormalization group (RRG) by Landau et al. [Nature Physics 11, 566 (2015)]. In this paper, we study the accuracy and performance of a numerical implementation of RRG at first order phase transitions and in symmetry protected topological phases. Our study is motived by the question of when RRG might provide a useful complement to the more established DMRG technique. In particular, despite its general utility, DMRG can give unreliable results near first order phase transitions and in topological phases, since its local update procedure can fail to adequately explore (near) degenerate manifolds. The rigorous theoretical underpinnings of RRG, meanwhile, suggest that it should not suffer from the same difficulties. We show this optimism is justified, and that RRG indeed determines accurate, well-ordered energies even when DMRG does not. Moreover, our performance analysis indicates that in certain circumstances seeding DMRG with states determined by coarse runs of RRG may provide an advantage over simply performing DMRG.
description: 8+4 pages, 2+5 figures
PRACTICES USED BY DAIRY FARMERS TO REDUCE SEASONAL PRODUCTION VARIABILITY
Creators: name: Washington, Andrew A.
name: Larson, Robert W.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
name: Washington, Andrew A.
name: Larson, Robert W.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: seasonality

description: Results of this study further support the effectiveness of the seasonal pricing plan in reducing seasonal production variability. Florida Dairy farmers were able to change factors that affect production in order to take advantage of the seasonal pricing plan and that farmers that chose not to participate were able to affect factors to increase production seasonality.
OPTIMAL ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
Creators: name: Zachariah, Oswald
name: Rollins, Kimberly S.
name: Zachariah, Oswald
name: Rollins, Kimberly S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: A dynamic model is developed that jointly optimizes over groundwater quality and quantity for extractive municipal and non-extractive agricultural users. The model is applied to an aquifer in southern Ontario to analyze several policy scenarios, demonstrating that interactions between externalities can partially offset one another.
Reflection spectra of accretion disks illuminated by disk-like coronae
Creators: name: Riaz, Shafqat
name: Abdikamalov, Askar B.
name: Ayzenberg, Dimitry
name: Bambi, Cosimo
name: Wang, Haiyang
name: Yu, Zhibo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic reflection features in the X-ray spectra of black hole binaries and AGNs are thought to be produced through illumination of a cold accretion disk by a hot corona. In this work, we assume that the corona has the shape of an infinitesimally thin disk with its central axis the same as the rotational axis of the black hole. The corona can either be static or corotate with the accretion disk. We calculate the disk's emissivity profiles and iron line shapes for a set of coronal radii and heights. We incorporate these emissivity profiles into RELXILL_NK and we simulate some observations of a black hole binary with NuSTAR to study the impact of a disk-like coronal geometry on the measurement of the properties of the system and, in particular, on the possibility of testing the Kerr nature of the source. We find that, in general, the astrophysical properties of the accretion disk are recovered well even if we fit the data with a model employing a broken power-law or a lamppost emissivity profile, while it is more challenging to constrain the geometric properties of the black hole spacetime.
description: 25 pages, 16 figures. v2: refereed version
Non-locality in the nucleon-nucleon interaction and nuclear matter saturation
Creators: name: Baldo, M.
name: Maieron, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possible relationship between the saturation properties of nuclear matter and the inclusion of non-locality in the nucleon-nucleon interaction. To this purpose we compute the saturation curve of nuclear matter within the Bethe-Brueckner-Goldstone theory using a recently proposed realistic non-local potential, and compare it with the corresponding curves obtained with a purely local realistic interaction (Argonne v$_{18}$) and the most recent version of the one-boson exchange potential (CD Bonn). We find that the inclusion of non-locality in the two-nucleon bare interaction strongly affects saturation, but it is unable to provide a consistent description of few-body nuclear systems and nuclear matter.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures; v2: introduction extended, references added, discussion of fig.8 reformulated; to be published in Phys. Rev. C
Additional file 1 of Assessing a national policy on strengthening chronic care in primary care settings of a middle-income country using patients’ perspectives
Creators: name: Wichai Aekplakorn
name: Paibul Suriyawongpaisal
name: Samrit Srithamrongsawadi
name: Kaewkamjonchai, Phanuwich
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire for accessing hypertension and diabetes care.
Additional file 2 of Assessing a national policy on strengthening chronic care in primary care settings of a middle-income country using patients’ perspectives
Creators: name: Wichai Aekplakorn
name: Paibul Suriyawongpaisal
name: Samrit Srithamrongsawadi
name: Kaewkamjonchai, Phanuwich
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table A1 Standardized factor loadings from confirmatory Factor analysis for CCM. Table A2 Standardized factor loadings from confirmatory Factor analysis for 5 A model.
Equilibrium of large astrophysical structures in the Newton-Hooke spacetime
Creators: name: Balaguera-Antolinez, A.
name: Nowakowski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the scalar and tensor virial equations, the Lane-Emden equation expressing the hydrostatic equilibrium and small oscillations around the equilibrium, we show how the cosmological constant $Λ$ affects various astrophysical quantities important for large matter conglomeration in the universe. Among others we examine the effect of $Λ$ on the polytropic equation of state for spherically symmetric objects and find non-negligible results in certain realistic cases. We calculate the angular velocity for non-spherical oblate configurations which demonstrates a clear effect of $Λ$ on high eccentricity objects. We show that for oblate as well as prolate ellipsoids the cosmological constant influences the critical mass and the temperature of the astrophysical object. These and other results show that the effect of $Λ$ is large for flat astrophysical bodies.
description: References added
ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR PST ADOPTION BY MIDWEST HOG PRODUCERS
Creators: name: Richardson, James W.
name: Anderson, David P.
name: Peel, Derrell S.
name: Phillips, Mike
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Anderson, David P.
name: Peel, Derrell S.
name: Phillips, Mike
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Carcass merit premium
subject: PST
subject: Simulation

description: A whole-farm simulation model is used to analyze the impacts of PST adoption on representative farms in Missouri and Indiana. Farmers who do not adopt experience lower average annual net cash farm incomes than adopters. Lower feed prices and/or an average PST/feed response decrease the incentive adopt. Payment of a 5 percent carcass merit premium (CMP) and/or higher grain prices greatly increase the economic incentive to adopt.
Characterization of defective natural killer cell function in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
Creators: name: Benoit, Loralyn Anna
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: X-linked Lymphoproliferative Disease (XLP) is a primary immune deficiency characterized by a profound susceptibility to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). The clinical phenotypes ascribed to XLP implicate a gene involved in the regulation of cell-mediated immunity. Recently, the molecular basis for disease has been attributed to mutations of SH2D1A, or SLAM-associated protein (SAP), an intracellular signal transduction molecule known to associate with the co-stimulatory receptors SLAM and 2B4. Molecular evidence now suggests that SAP may modulate the activation of T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells through association with the cytoplasmic regions of SLAM and 2B4 respectively. However, precisely how SAP participates in immune signaling remains unknown. Because NK cells are critical in anti-tumour and anti-viral immune responses, and because reduced NK cytotoxicity has previously been demonstrated in this disease, we sought to assess the role of mutant SAP (Arg55Leu) in NK cells derived from XLP patients. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis ascertained that SAP mRNA is expressed in primary NK and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Functional assays indicated that the cytotoxic activity of both NK and LAK cell subsets were significantly deficient in two XLP patients relative to normal controls. Furthermore, ligation of 2B4 failed to augment cytotoxicity and secretion of gamma-interferon (IFN-y) by NK cells derived from XLP patients, while enhancing these functions in NK cells obtained from healthy controls. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the association of SAP with 2B4 is necessary for effective NK / LAK immune functions and moreover, imply that alterations in SAP/2B4 signaling may contribute to the immune deficiency observed in XLP.
Analysis of insecticide residues in honey by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using QuEChERS optimized by the Plackett Burman design
Creators: name: Souza, Ana Paula Ferreirade
name: Petrarca, Mateus Henrique
name: de Campos Braga, Patrícia Aparecida
name: Rodrigues, Nadia Regina
name: Reyes, Felix Guillermo Reyes
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analytical method using a modified QuEChERS sample preparation for the analysis of insecticide residues in honey was developed and validated. The use of the Plackett Burman design in the sample preparation step proved to be effective in optimizing recovery and reducing the matrix effect. For quantification purposes, extract-matched analytical curves were constructed showing linearity (R2) higher than 0.99. The precision (RSD%) of the method was lower than 20% and the accuracy was between 74% and 104%. Lower limits of quantification than the maximum residue limits established by the European Commission and the Brazilian legislative framework were obtained. Insecticide residues were found in 37.3% of 51 real honey samples analyzed, with imidacloprid, clothianidin and dimethoate being the most frequently detected insecticides. The co-occurrence of insecticide residues in samples was frequent. Monitoring insecticide residues in honey is needed to avoid consumer exposure at unacceptable levels.
OPTIMAL HOG SLAUGHTER WEIGHTS UNDER ALTERNATIVE PRICING SYSTEMS
Creators: name: Boland, Michael A.
name: Preckel, Paul V.
name: Schinckel, Allan P.
name: Boland, Michael A.
name: Preckel, Paul V.
name: Schinckel, Allan P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Swine production management
subject: Hog pricing systems
subject: Hog marketing

description: Three hog genotypes are simulated to determine how producer profits, economically optimal slaughter weights, and carcass component weights change under three pricing models. Live weight pricing pays more for the fatter barrows whereas a three component (separate payments for fat, lean, and byproducts) and six component (separate payments for major primal cuts, other lean, fat, and byproducts) pricing system pay more for the leaner gilts. Implications for selection of genetic stock and pricing system are presented.
The Afterglow, Energetics and Host Galaxy of the Short-Hard Gamma-Ray Burst 051221a
Creators: name: Soderberg, A. M.
name: Berger, E.
name: Kasliwal, M.
name: Frail, D. A.
name: Price, P. A.
name: Schmidt, B. P.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Fox, D. B.
name: Cenko, S. B.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Nakar, E.
name: Roth, K. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present detailed optical, X-ray and radio observations of the bright afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst 051221a obtained with Gemini, Swift/XRT, and the Very Large Array, as well as optical spectra from which we measure the redshift of the burst, z=0.5464. At this redshift the isotropic-equivalent prompt energy release was about 1.5 x 10^51 erg, and using the standard afterglow synchrotron model we find that the blastwave kinetic energy is similar, E_K,iso ~ 8.4 x 10^51 erg. An observed jet break at t ~ 5 days indicates that the opening angle is ~ 7 degrees and the total beaming-corrected energy is therefore ~ 2.5 x 10^49 erg, comparable to the values inferred for previous short GRBs. We further show that the burst experienced an episode of energy injection by a factor of 3.4 between t=1.4 and 3.4 hours, which was accompanied by reverse shock emission in the radio band. This result provides continued evidence that the central engines of short GRBs may be active significantly longer than the duration of the burst and/or produce a wide range of Lorentz factors. Finally, we show that the host galaxy of GRB051221a is actively forming stars at a rate of about 1.6 M_solar/yr, but at the same time exhibits evidence for an appreciable population of old stars (~ 1 Gyr) and near solar metallicity. The lack of bright supernova emission and the low circumburst density (n ~ 10^-3 cm^-3) continue to support the idea that short bursts are not related to the death of massive stars and are instead consistent with a compact object merger. Given that the total energy release is a factor of ~ 10 larger than the predicted yield for a neutrino annihilation mechanism, this suggests that magnetohydrodynamic processes may be required to power the burst.
description: Final version (to appear in ApJ on 20 September 2006)
LABOR MARKET INCENTIVES TO STAY IN SCHOOL
Creators: name: Stallmann, Judith I.
name: Johnson, Thomas G.
name: Mwachofi, Ari
name: Flora, Jan L.
name: Stallmann, Judith I.
name: Johnson, Thomas G.
name: Mwachofi, Ari
name: Flora, Jan L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Dropouts
subject: Education
subject: Human capital
subject: Job markets

description: Human capital theory suggests that job opportunities will create incentives for human capital investment. If job information does not flow freely, or if they prefer not to move, students will make investment decisions based upon local job markets. Communities with a high percentage of low-skill jobs which do not reward high school and higher education do not create incentives for students to finish high school or continue beyond high school. Data from Virginia support this hypothesis. Targeted job creation, and improved labor market information may create incentives for increased human capital investment in many rural communities.
Monte-Carlo Imaging for Optical Interferometry
Creators: name: Ireland, Michael J.
name: Monnier, John D.
name: Thureau, Nathalie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a flexible code created for imaging from the bispectrum and visibility-squared. By using a simulated annealing method, we limit the probability of converging to local chi-squared minima as can occur when traditional imaging methods are used on data sets with limited phase information. We present the results of our code used on a simulated data set utilizing a number of regularization schemes including maximum entropy. Using the statistical properties from Monte-Carlo Markov chains of images, we show how this code can place statistical limits on image features such as unseen binary companions.
description: Preprint version of paper published in 2006 SPIE proceedings. Please contact John Monnier (monnier@umich.edu) for current distribution of the MACIM software