cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Motion of Spinning and Spinning Deviation Density Tensors in Riemannian Geometry
Creators: name: Kahil, Magd E.
name: Ammar, Samah A.
name: Refaey, Shymaa A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Equations of motion of spinning density for extended objects, and corresponding deviation equations are derived. The problem of motion for a variable mass to a spinning extended object is obtained. Spinning fluids may be considered as a special case to express the motion of spinning density for extended objects. Meanwhile, spinning density tensor can be expressed in terms of tetrad formalism of General Relativity to be regarded as a gauge theory of gravity. Equations of spinning and spinning deviation density tensors have been derived using a specific type of Bazanski Lagrangian is performed.
description: 15 LaTeX pages
Bei der Redaktion eingegangene Neuerscheinungen
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 41 Nr. 12 (1988): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Some results on the Guest-Hutchinson modes and periodic mechanisms of the Kagome lattice metamaterial
Creators: name: Li, Xuenan
name: Kohn, Robert V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lattice materials are interesting mechanical metamaterials, and their mechanical properties are often related to the presence of mechanisms. The existence of periodic mechanisms can be indicated by the presence of Guest-Hutchinson (GH) modes, since GH modes are sometimes infinitesimal versions of periodic mechanisms. However, not every GH mode comes from a periodic mechanism. This paper focuses on: (1) clarifying the relationship between GH modes and periodic mechanisms; and (2) answering the question: which GH modes come from periodic mechanisms? We focus primarily on a special lattice system, the Kagome lattice. Our results include explicit formulas for all two-periodic mechanisms of the Kagome lattice, and a necessary condition for a GH mode to come from a periodic mechanism in general. We apply our necessary condition to the two-periodic GH modes, and also to some special GH modes found by Fleck and Hutchinson using Bloch-type boundary conditions on the unit cell of the Kagome lattice.
description: 55 pages, 20 figures
Icos Sweden Station Presentation Poster
Creators: name: ICOS Sweden
name: Lindroth, Anders
name: Friborg, Thomas
name: Crill, Patrick
name: Nilsson, Mats
name: Heliasz, Michal
name: Weslien, Per
name: Klemedtsson, Leif
name: Mölder, Meelis
name: Rutgersson, Anna
name: Ottosson Löfvenius, Mikaell
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: ICOS Sweden
ICOS
carbon
climate

description: ICOS - Integrated Carbon Observation System - is a European research infrastructure to quantify and understand the greenhouse gas balance of the European continent and of adjacent regions. ICOS Sweden is the Swedish contribution to this European effort and is a cooperation of several research institutes.The ICOS Sweden measurement sites have been chosen with the main aim to cover typical Swedish conditions, but at the same time considering a broader Nordic context and the European perspective.

More information on www.icos-sweden.se
Modeling collective motion in animal groups : from mathematical analysis to field data
Creators: name: Lukeman, Ryan J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Animals moving together cohesively is a commonly observed phenomenon in biology, with bird flocks and fish schools as familiar examples. Mathematical models have been developed in order to understand the mechanisms that lead to such coordinated motion. The Lagrangian framework of modeling, wherein individuals within the group are modeled as point particles with position and velocity, permits construction of inter-individual interactions via `social forces' of attraction, repulsion and alignment. Although such models have been studied extensively via numerical simulation, analytical conclusions have been difficult to obtain, owing to the large size of the associated system of differential equations. In this thesis, I contribute to the modeling of collective motion in two ways. First, I develop a simplified model of motion and, by focusing on simple, regular solutions, am able to connect group properties to individual characteristics in a concrete manner via derivations of existence and stability conditions for a number of solution types. I show that existence of particular solutions depends on the attraction-repulsion function, while stability depends on the derivative of this function. Second, to establish validity and motivate construction of specific models for collective motion, actual data is required. I describe work gathering and analyzing dynamic data on group motion of surf scoters, a type of diving duck. This data represents, to our knowledge, the largest animal group size (by almost an order of magnitude) for which the trajectory of each group member is reconstructed. By constructing spatial distributions of neighbour density and mean deviation, I show that frontal neighbour preference and angular deviation are important features in such groups. I show that the observed spatial distribution of neighbors can be obtained in a model incorporating a topological frontal interaction, and I find an optimal parameter set to match simulated data to empirical data.
Density and spin response of a strongly-interacting Fermi gas in the attractive and quasi-repulsive regime
Creators: name: Palestini, F.
name: Pieri, P.
name: Strinati, G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental advances in ultra-cold Fermi gases allow for exploring response functions under different dynamical conditions. In particular, the issue of obtaining a "quasi-repulsive" regime starting from a Fermi gas with an attractive inter-particle interaction while avoiding the formation of the two-body bound state is currently debated. Here, we provide a calculation of the density and spin response for a wide range of temperature and coupling both in the attractive and quasi-repulsive regime, whereby the system is assumed to evolve non-adiabatically toward the "upper branch" of the Fermi gas. A comparison is made with the available experimental data for these two quantities.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, to appear on Phys. Rev. Lett
Ausstellungskalender
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 41 Nr. 10 (1988): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Preformation Probability and Kinematics of Clusters Emission yielding Pb-daughters
Creators: name: Majekodunmi, Joshua T.
name: Bhuyan, M.
name: Anwar, K.
name: Abdullah, N.
name: Kumar, Raj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present study, the newly established preformation formula is applied for the first time to study the kinematics of the cluster emission from various radioactive nuclei, especially those decaying to the double-shell closure $^{208}$Pb nucleus and its neighbours as daughters. The recently proposed universal cluster preformation formula has been established based on the concepts that underscore the influence of the mass and charge asymmetry ($η_A$ and $η_Z$), cluster mass $A_c$ and the Q-value, paving the way to quantify the energy contribution during the preformation as well as the tunnelling process separately. The cluster-daughter interaction potential is obtained by folding the relativistic mean-field (RMF) densities with the recently developed microscopic R3Y using the NL$3^*$ and the phenomenological M3Y NN potentials to compare their adaptability. The penetration probabilities are calculated from the WKB approximation. With the inclusion of the new preformation probability $P_0$, the predicted half-lives from the R3Y and M3Y interactions are in good agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, a careful inspection reflects slight differences in the decay half-lives, which arise from their respective barrier properties. The $P_0$ for the systems with the double magic shell closure $^{208}$Pb daughter are found to be relatively higher with an order of $\approx 10^2$ than those with neighbouring Pb-daughter nuclei. By exploring the contributions of the decay energy, the recoil effect of the daughter nucleus is appraised, unlike several other conjectures. Thus, the centrality of the Q-value in the decay process is demonstrated and re-defined within the preformed cluster-decay model. Besides, we have introduced a simple and intuitive set of criteria that governs the estimation of recoil energy in the cluster radioactivity.
description: 09 Pages, 06 Figures, and 01 Table
Das Antiquarium der Münchner Residenz. Katalog der Skulpturen
Creators: name: Lietzmann, Hilda
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: Das Antiquarium der Münchner Residenz. Katalog der Skulpturen. Bearb. von Ellen Weski und Heike Frosien-Leinz. Mit Beiträgen von Wolf-Dieter Grimm [u. a.]. München, Hirmer Verlag 1987, Textbd. 487 S. m. 117 Abb, Tafelbd. 472 Taf. 390,- DM.
description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 41 Nr. 11 (1988): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Morpho-kinematic analysis of the point-symmetric, bipolar planetary nebulae Hb 5 and K 3-17, a pathway to poly-polarity
Creators: name: López, J. A.
name: García-Díaz, Ma. T.
name: Steffen, W.
name: Riesgo, H.
name: Richer, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kinematics of the bipolar planetary nebulae Hb~5 and K 3-17 are investigated in detail by means of a comprehensive set of spatially resolved high spectral resolution, long-slit spectra. Both objects share particularly interesting characteristics, such as a complex filamentary, rosette-type nucleus, axial point-symmetry and very fast bipolar outflows. The kinematic information of Hb~5 is combined with {\it HST} imagery to construct a detailed 3D model of the nebula using the code SHAPE. The model shows that the large scale lobes are growing in a non-homologous way. The filamentary loops in the core are proven to actually be secondary lobes emerging from what appears to be a randomly punctured, dense, gaseous core and the material that forms the point symmetric structure flows within the lobes with a distinct kinematic pattern and its interaction with the lobes has had a shaping effect on them. Hb~5 and K~3-17 may represent a class of fast evolving planetary nebulae that will develop poly-polar characteristics once the nebular core evolves and expands.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures. To appear in The Astrophysical Journal
Can Dirac fermions Destroy Yang-Mills Black Hole?
Creators: name: Nakonieczny, Lukasz
name: Rogatko, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the four-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills black hole in the presence of Dirac fermion field. Assuming a spherically symmetric static asymptotically flat black hole spacetime we consider both massless and massive fermion fields. The (4+1)-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills system effectively reducing to Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs-dilaton model, was also taken into account. One finds that fermion vacuum leads to the destruction of black holes in question.
description: 11 pages, RevTEx, to be published in Phys.Rev.D15
Federated Learning-Based Interference Modeling for Vehicular Dynamic Spectrum Access
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Marcin
name: Kryszkiewicz, Pawel
name: Kliks, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A platoon-based driving is a technology allowing vehicles to follow each other at close distances to, e.g., save fuel. However, it requires reliable wireless communications to adjust their speeds. Recent studies have shown that the frequency band dedicated for vehicle-to-vehicle communications can be too busy for intra-platoon communications. Thus it is reasonable to use additional spectrum resources, of low occupancy, i.e., secondary spectrum channels. The challenge is to model the interference in those channels to enable proper channel selection. In this paper, we propose a two-layered Radio Environment Map (REM) that aims at providing platoons with accurate location-dependent interference models by using the Federated Learning approach. Each platoon is equipped with a Local REM that is updated on the basis of raw interference samples and previous interference model stored in the Global REM. The model in global REM is obtained by merging models reported by platoons. The nodes exchange only parameters of interference models, reducing the required control channel capacity. Moreover, in the proposed architecture platoon can utilize Local REM to predict channel occupancy, even when the connection to the Global REM is temporarily unavailable. The proposed system is validated via computer simulations considering non-trivial interference patterns.
The breakdown of current gyrochronology as evidenced by old coeval stars
Creators: name: Silva-Beyer, Joaquín
name: Godoy-Rivera, Diego
name: Chanamé, Julio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gyrochronology can yield useful ages for field main-sequence stars, a regime where other techniques are problematic. Typically, gyrochronology relations are calibrated using young ($\lesssim 2$ Gyr) clusters, but the constraints at older ages are scarce, making them potentially inaccurate and imprecise. In order to test the performance of existing relations, we construct samples of stellar pairs with coeval components, for a range of ages and with available rotation periods. These include randomly paired stars in clusters, and wide binaries in the Kepler field. We design indicators that, based on the measured rotation periods and expectations from gyrochronology, quantify the (dis)agreement between the coeval pairs and the gyrochronology calibrations under scrutiny. Our results show that wide binaries and cluster members are in better concordance with gyrochronology than samples of randomly paired field stars, confirming that the relations have predicting power. However, the agreement with the examined relations decreases for older stars, revealing a degradation of the examined relations with age, in agreement with recent works. This highlights the need for novel empirical constraints at older ages that may allow revised calibrations. Notably, using coeval stars to test gyrochronology poses the advantage of circumventing the need for age determinations while simultaneously exploiting larger samples at older ages. Our test is independent of any specific age-rotation relation, and it can be used to evaluate future spin-down models. In addition, taking gyrochronology at face value, we note that our results provide new empirical evidence that the components of field wide binaries are indeed coeval.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS. Supplementary data available online at https://github.com/jsilvabeyer/wbgyro23
Quantum-geometry-induced anapole superconductivity
Creators: name: Kitamura, Taisei
name: Kanasugi, Shota
name: Chazono, Michiya
name: Yanase, Youichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anapole superconductivity recently proposed for multiband superconductors Commun. Phys. $\bm 5$, 39\ (2022) (at https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-022-00804-7) is a key feature of time-reversal ($\mathcal{T}$)-symmetry-broken polar superconductors. The anapole moment was shown to arise from the asymmetric Bogoliubov spectrum, which induces a finite center of mass momenta of Cooper pairs at the zero magnetic field. In this paper, we show an alternative mechanism of anapole superconductivity: the quantum geometry induces the anapole moment when the interband pairing and Berry connection are finite. Thus, the anapole superconductivity is a ubiquitous feature of $\mathcal{T}$-broken multiband polar superconductors. Applying the theory to a minimal model of UTe$_2$, we demonstrate the quantum-geometry-induced anapole superconductivity. Furthermore, we show the Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces (BFS) in an anapole superconducting state and predict an unusual temperature dependence of BFS due to the quantum geometry. Experimental verification of these phenomena may clarify the superconducting state in UTe$_2$ and reveal the ubiquitous importance of quantum geometry in exotic superconductors.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
One blind and three targeted searches for (sub)millisecond pulsars
Creators: name: Davoust, E.
name: Petit, G.
name: Fayard, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conducted one blind and three targeted searches for millisecond and submillisecond pulsars. The blind search was conducted within 3deg of the Galactic plane and at longitudes between 20 and 110deg. It takes 22073 pointings to cover this region, and 5487 different positions in the sky. The first targeted search was aimed at Galactic globular clusters, the second one at 24 bright polarized and pointlike radiosources with steep spectra, and the third at 65 faint polarized and pointlike radiosources. The observations were conducted at the large radiotelescope of Nancay Observatory, at a frequency near 1400 MHz. Two successive backends were used, first a VLBI S2 system, second a digital acquisition board and a PC with large storage capacity sampling the signal at 50 Mb/s on one bit, over a 24-MHz band and in one polarization. The bandwidth of acquisition of the second backend was later increased to 48 MHz and the sampling rate to 100 Mb/s. The survey used the three successive setups, with respective sensitivities of 3.5, 2.2, and 1.7 mJy. The targeted-search data were obtained with the third setup and reduced with a method based on the Hough transform, yielding a sensitivity of 0.9 mJy. The processing of the data was done in slightly differed time by soft-correlation in all cases. No new short-period millisecond pulsars were discovered in the different searches. To better understand the null result of the blind survey, we estimate the probability of detecting one or more short-period pulsars among a given Galactic population of synthetic pulsars with our setup: 25% for the actual incomplete survey and 79% if we had completed the whole survey with a uniform nominal sensitivity of 1.7 mJy. The alternative of surveying a smaller, presumably more densely populated, region with a higher sensitivity would have a low return and would be impractical at a transit instrument. (abridged)
description: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Mimosa orthocarpa Spruce ex Benth
Creators: name: Margoth Atahuachi
name: M. Leontien Van Der Bent
name: John R. I. Wood
name: Gwilym P. Lewis
name: Colin E. Hughes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Mimosa
Mimosa orthocarpa

description: 32. * Mimosa orthocarpa Spruce ex Benth
 The occurrence of Mimosa orthocarpa in Bolivia represents a surprisingly large range extension for a species previously unrecorded from south of the Amazon and known to Barneby (1991) from the Amazon, northern South America and parts of Central America. Several collections (J.R.I. Wood et al. 22861, LPB, K, USZ, J.R.I. Wood & D. Soto 27134, LPB, K, USZ and D. Villarroel et al. 2046, USZ) from two disjunct localities in Bolivia—ca. 50 km S of Concepcion (Las Trancas and El Encanto), and Cerro Mutún, German Busch—can be attributed here. Mimosa orthocarpa is characteristic of granite rock platforms, particularly in the Lomerio area, a habitat also mentioned by Barneby (1991) in his notes on this species from northern South America. The species is morphologically close to and easily confused with M. tobatiensis Barneby & Fortunato, another species here newly documented for Bolivia (see below). These two species, distinguished by details of leaflet venation, indumentum, and pod shape (M. orthocarpa with larger, more robust and almost linear pods cf. the slightly falcate chartaceous pods of M. tobatiensis) and previously considered to be remotely allopatric putative sister species (Barneby 1991), are thus now known to co-occur in Bolivia.
description: Published as part of Margoth Atahuachi, M. Leontien Van Der Bent, John R. I. Wood, Gwilym P. Lewis & Colin E. Hughes, 2016, Bolivian Mimosa (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae): three new species and a species checklist, pp. 201-222 in Phytotaxa 260 (3) on page 216, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/192175
Phase-locked photon-electron interaction without a laser
Creators: name: Taleb, Masoud
name: Hentschel, Mario
name: Rossnagel, Kai
name: Giessen, Harald
name: Talebi, Nahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast electron-photon spectroscopy in electron microscopes commonly requires ultrafast laser setups. Photoemission from an engineered electron source is used to generate pulsed electrons, interacting with a sample that is excited by the ultrafast laser pulse at a specified time delay. Thus, developing an ultrafast electron microscope demands the exploitation of extrinsic laser excitations and complex synchronization schemes. Here, we present an inverse approach based on cathodoluminescence spectroscopy to introduce internal radiation sources in an electron microscope. Our method is based on a sequential interaction of the electron beam with an electron-driven photon source (EDPHS) and the investigated sample. An electron-driven photon source in an electron microscope generates phase-locked photons that are mutually coherent with the near-field distribution of the swift electron. Due to their different velocities, one can readily change the delay between the photons and electrons arriving at the sample by changing the distance between the EDPHS and the sample. We demonstrate the mutual coherence between the radiations from the EDPHS and the sample by performing interferometry with a combined system of an EDPHS and a WSe2 flake. We assert the mutual frequency and momentum-dependent correlation of the EDPHS and sample radiation, and determine experimentally the degree of mutual coherence of up to 27%. This level of mutual coherence allows us to perform spectral interferometry with an electron microscope. Our method has the advantage of being simple, compact and operating with continuous electron beams. It will open the door to local electron-photon correlation spectroscopy of quantum materials, single photon systems, and coherent exciton-polaritonic samples with nanometric resolution.
The surge-like eruption of a miniature filament
Creators: name: Yang, Jia-Yan
name: Jiang, Yun-Chun
name: Yang, Dan
name: Bi, Yi
name: Yang, Bo
name: Zheng, Rui-Sheng
name: Hong, Jun-Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the rare eruption of a miniature H_alpha filament that took a surge form. The filament first underwent a full development within 46 minutes and then began to erupt 9 minutes later, followed by a compact, impulsive X-ray class M2.2 flare with a two ribbon nature only at the early eruption phase. During the eruption, its top rose, whereas the two legs remained rooted in the chromosphere and swelled little perpendicular to the rising direction. This led to a surge-like eruption with a narrow angular extent. Similar to the recent observations for standard and blowout X-ray jets by Moore et al., we thus define it as a "blowout H_alpha surge". Furthermore, our observations showed that the eruption was associated with (1) a coronal mass ejection guided by a preexisting streamer, (2) abrupt, significant, and persistent changes in the photospheric magnetic field around the filament, and (3) sudden disappearance of a small pore. These observations thus provide evidence that blowout surge is a small-scale version of large-scale filament eruption in many aspects. Our observations further suggest that at least part of H_alpha surges belong to blowout-type ones, and exact distinction between standard and blowout H_alpha surges is important in understanding their different origins and associated eruptive phenomena.
Electronic Supplementary Material from Honesty and dishonesty in gossip strategies: a fitness interdependence analysis
Creators: name: Wu, Junhui
name: Számadó, Szabolcs
name: Barclay, Pat
name: Beersma, Bianca
name: Dores Cruz, Terence D.
name: Iacono, Sergio Lo
name: Nieper, Annika S.
name: Peters, Kim
name: Przepiorka, Wojtek
name: Tiokhin, Leo
name: Van Lange, Paul A. M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Model details and empirical examples that support our predictions
The Assembly of Black Hole Mass and Luminosity Functions of High-redshift Quasars via Multiple Accretion Episodes
Creators: name: Li, Wenxiu
name: Inayoshi, Kohei
name: Onoue, Masafusa
name: Toyouchi, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The early evolution of the quasar luminosity function (QLF) and black hole mass function (BHMF) encodes key information on the physics determining the radiative and accretion processes of supermassive black holes (BHs) in high-$z$ quasars. Although the QLF shape has been constrained by recent observations, it remains challenging to develop a theoretical model that explains its redshift evolution associated with BH growth self-consistently. In this study, based on a semi-analytical model for the BH formation and growth, we construct the QLF and BHMF of the early BH population that experiences multiple accretion bursts, in each of which a constant Eddington ratio is assigned following a Schechter distribution function. Our best-fit model to reproduce the observed QLF and BHMF at $z\simeq 6$ suggests that several episodes of moderate super-Eddington accretion occur and each of them lasts for $τ\simeq 20-30$ Myr. The average duty cycle in super-Eddington phases is $\simeq 15\%$ for massive BHs that reach $\gtrsim 10^8~M_\odot$ by $z\simeq 6$, which is nearly twice that of the entire population. We also find that the observed Eddington-ratio distribution function is skewed to a log-normal shape owing to detection limits of quasar surveys. The predicted redshift evolution of the QLF and BHMF suggests a rapid decay of their number and mass density in a cosmic volume toward $z\gtrsim 6$. These results will be unveiled by future deep and wide surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope, Roman Space Telescope, and Euclid.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures; accepted by ApJ
Blockchain Or The Chaingang? Challenges, Opportunities And Hype: The Music Industry And Blockchain Technologies
Creators: name: Silver, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: Blockchain is essentially a set of protocols previously known as a “distributed ledger” system. An Economist article published in March 2016, describes it well:

Blockchain is… a database that is maintained not by a single actor, such as a bank, but collaboratively by a number of participants. Their respective computers regularly agree on how to update the database using a “consensus mechanism”, after which the modifications they have settled on are rendered unchangeable with the help of complex cryptography. Once information has been immortalised in this way, it can be used as proof of ownership.

The reason why this has become such a hot topic is that technologists and business people see, in these basic characteristics, immense potential for using blockchain beyond the financial services sector where it was conceived, in many different areas of the economy from energy to health, from transport to music and even as a form of digital democracy in society as a whole.

The key characteristics that are attracting so much attention are the efficiencies to be derived from a network that is distributed and not centralised, combined with the permanence of the record or ledger at its heart that is cryptographically secured. This attracts those that see profound ideological implications in something that is an alternative to systems that are controlled from a single central point.

For the music industry, some of these characterstics might mean that creators could, in theory, radically reduce the cost of unit transactions, thus potentially enabling content licensing for very small sums to be viable. Equally, the transparent record keeping inherent in the system has the potential to lead incrementally to the creation of a Global Repertoire Database (GRD), a kind of holy grail of the digital music industry.

Some other functions that potentially could be performed on blockchain networks could relate to the establishment, validation and tracking of identities, so that individuals could be uniquely identified (e.g., as the performer on a recording). Equally good behaviour in, for example, transactions or in rights distribution speediness could contribute to developing an online reputation, which in turn could effect the sorts of terms that are made available for a particular individual or business.

This paper takes a look at how bitcoin and blockchain captured the public imagination, some of the technology issues at the heart of blockchain and a key dispute that is taking the bitcoin community in different directions and has a bearing on any possible music applications.

The paper explores the initially superficial ways in which blockchain represented an attractive technology and then captures some of the voices that have been generating so much deeper interest in the subject in relation to music.  The paper concludes with an assessment of opportunities and obstacles.
Imaging and Controlling Coherent Phonon Wave Packets in Single Graphene Nanoribbons
Creators: name: Luo, Yang
name: Martin-Jimenez, Alberto
name: Pisarra, Michele
name: Martin, Fernando
name: Garg, Manish
name: Kern, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motion of atoms is at the heart of any chemical or structural transformation in molecules and materials. Upon activation of this motion by an external source, several (usually many) vibrational modes can be coherently coupled, thus facilitating the chemical or structural phase transformation. These coherent dynamics occur on the ultrafast time scale, as revealed, e.g., by nonlocal ultrafast vibrational spectroscopic measurements in bulk molecular ensembles and solids. Tracking and controlling vibrational coherences locally at the atomic and molecular scales is, however, much more challenging and in fact has remained elusive so far. Here, we demonstrate that the vibrational coherences induced by broadband laser pulses on a single graphene nanoribbon (GNR) can be probed by femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) when performed in a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). In addition to determining dephasing (~ 440 fs) and population decay times (~1.8 ps) of the generated phonon wave packets, we are able to track and control the corresponding quantum coherences, which we show to evolve on time scales as short as ~ 70 fs. We demonstrate that a two-dimensional frequency correlation spectrum unequivocally reveals the quantum couplings between different phonon modes in the GNR.
description: 18 pages
Theory of heavy quark energy loss
Creators: name: Gossiaux, Pol
name: Aichelin, Joerg
name: Gousset, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly review some of the models and theoretical schemes established to describe heavy quark quenching in ultrarelativistic heavy ions collisions. Some lessons are derived from RHIC and early LHC data, especially as for the contraints they impose on those models.
description: Proceeding from ISMD 2011 Conference, accepted for publication
Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering from Array of Time-Modulated Graphene Ribbons
Creators: name: Rahmanzadeh, Mahdi
name: Rejaei, Behzad
name: Khavasi, Amin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An accurate and fast method is presented for scattering of electromagnetic waves from an array of time-modulated graphene ribbons. We derive a time-domain integral equation for induced surface currents under subwavelength approximation. Using the method of harmonic balance, this equation is solved for a sinusoidal modulation. The solution of the integral equation is then used to obtain the transmission and reflection coefficients of time-modulated graphene ribbon array. The accuracy of the method was verified through comparison with results of full-wave simulations. In contrast with previously reported analysis techniques, our method is extremely fast and can analyze structures with a much higher modulation frequency. The proposed method also provides interesting physical insights useful for designing novel applications and opens up new vistas in the fast design of time-modulated graphene-based devices.
Recent Results of the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope
Creators: name: Hernández-Rey, Juan José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some recent results of the ANTARES neutrino telescope are reviewed.
description: Contribution to TAUP 2011, to be published in JPCS, 4 pages, 2 figures
Episodic, compression-driven fluid venting in layered sedimentary basins
Creators: name: Kearney, Luke M.
name: MacMinn, Christopher W.
name: Katz, Richard F.
name: Kirkham, Chris
name: Cartwright, Joe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluid venting phenomena are prevalent in sedimentary basins globally. Offshore, these localised fluid-expulsion events are archived in the geologic record by the resulting pockmarks at the sea-floor. Venting is widely interpreted to occur via hydraulic fracturing, which requires near-lithostatic pore pressures for initiation. One common driver for these extreme pressures is horizontal tectonic compression, which pressurises the entire sedimentary column over a wide region. Fluid expulsion leads to a sudden, local relief of this pressure, which then gradually recharges through continued compression, leading to episodic venting. Pressure recharge will also occur through pressure diffusion from neighbouring regions that remain pressurised, but the combined role of compression and pressure diffusion in episodic venting has not previously been considered. Here, we develop a novel poroelastic model for episodic, compression-driven venting. We show that compression and pressure diffusion together set the resulting venting period. We derive a simple analytical expression for this venting period, demonstrating that pressure diffusion can significantly reduce the venting period associated with a given rate of compression. Our expression allows this rate of compression to be inferred from observations of episodic venting. We conclude that pressure diffusion is a major contributor to episodic fluid venting in mudstone-dominated basins.
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides under electron irradiation: defect production and doping
Creators: name: Komsa, Hannu-Pekka
name: Kotakoski, Jani
name: Kurasch, Simon
name: Lehtinen, Ossi
name: Kaiser, Ute
name: Krasheninnikov, Arkady V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first-principles atomistic simulations, we study the response of atomically-thin layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) - a new class of two-dimensional inorganic materials with unique electronic properties - to electron irradiation. We calculate displacement threshold energies for atoms in 21 different compounds and estimate the corresponding electron energies required to produce defects. For a representative structure of MoS2, we carry out high-resolution transmission electron microscopy experiments and validate our theoretical predictions via observations of vacancy formation under exposure to a 80 keV electron beam. We further show that TMDs can be doped by filling the vacancies created by the electron beam with impurity atoms. Thereby, our results not only shed light on the radiation response of a system with reduced dimensionality, but also suggest new ways for engineering the electronic structure of TMDs.
Escape behaviour of a quantum particle in a loop coupled to a lead
Creators: name: Jacquet, Ph. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a one-dimensional loop of circumference $L$ crossed by a constant magnetic flux $Φ$ and connected to an infinite lead with coupling parameter $ε$. Assuming that the initial state $ψ_0$ of the particle is confined inside the loop and evolves freely, we analyse the time evolution of the nonescape probability $P(ψ_0,L,Φ,ε,t)$, which is the probability that the particle will still be inside the loop at some later time $t$.
description: 33 pages, 11 figures
Treatment of HIV infection in injection drug users
Creators: name: Tossonian, Haroutioun Krikor
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The treatment of HIV infection in injection drug users (IDUs) is limited by multiple barriers which could be addressed by using strategies based on directly observed therapy (DOT) or similar programs. This thesis evaluates a systematic approach of treatment within the context of an established methadone-based DOT program. First, we compared treatment responses with DOT relative to self-administered therapy (SAT) within a longitudinal cohort study. Higher rates of virologic suppression and retention on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were achieved with regimens taken as DOT over a period of 2 years. We also compared rates of emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) with DOT relative to SAT. Although DOT did not prevent the emergence of DRMs, it did not lead to higher levels of resistance. We estimated the prevalence of primary drug resistance in our antiretroviral naive IDU cohort and found it to be relatively low (4.7%) but polymorphisms in the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease genes were very common. Mutations at RT codon 135 (frequent in our cohort) were found to have no impact on treatment responses to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based therapy. However, in patients experiencing virologic breakthrough and harboring such mutations, there was more evolution of single and less evolution of multiple NNRTI mutations. We measured the incidence of hepatotoxicity in IDUs receiving nevirapine-based HAART and compared it to that measured in non-IDUs. Hepatotoxicity was observed in 15% of participants in both IDUs and non-IDUs during the first year of therapy. Hepatitis C virus co-infection, being naive to HAART and abnormal baseline alanine aminotransferase levels were associated with higher risk of hepatotoxicity. Finally, we evaluated methadone dose adjustments and treatment responses after initiating HAART. Our results demonstrated that with nevirapine and efavirenz, moderate increases in methadone dosage were required to maintain the therapeutic benefit of opiate substitution therapy, compared to no change required in patients receiving regimens containing lopinavir or atazanavir. Taken together, our data demonstrate that programmatic interventions including DOT are effective in managing HIV-infected IDUs with few if any drawbacks in terms of drug resistance, drug toxicity or interactions with other therapeutic interventions.
Nondestructive identification of the Bell diagonal state
Creators: name: Jin, Jia-sen
name: Yu, Chang-shui
name: Song, He-shan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for identifying an unknown Bell diagonal state. In our scheme the measurements are performed on the probe qubits instead of the Bell diagonal state. The distinguished advantage is that the quantum state of the evolved Bell diagonal state ensemble plus probe states will still collapse on the original Bell diagonal state ensemble after the measurement on probe states, i.e. our identification is quantum-state nondestructive. It is also shown finally how to realize our scheme in the framework of cavity electrodynamics.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Specification, Construction, and Exact Reduction of State Transition System Models of Biochemical Processes
Creators: name: Bugenhagen, Scott M.
name: Beard, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Biochemical reaction systems may be viewed as discrete event processes characterized by a number of states and state transitions. These systems may be modeled as state transition systems with transitions representing individual reaction events. Since they often involve a large number of interactions, it can be difficult to construct such a model for a system, and since the resulting state-level model can involve a huge number of states, model analysis can be difficult or impossible. Here, we describe methods for the high-level specification of a system using hypergraphs, for the automated generation of a state-level model from a high-level model, and for the exact reduction of a state-level model using information from the high-level model. Exact reduction is achieved through the automated application of symmetry reduction and invariant manifold reduction techniques to the high-level model, allowing potentially significant reductions without the need to generate a full model. The application of the method to biochemical reaction systems is illustrated by models describing a hypothetical ion-channel at several levels of complexity. The method allows for the reduction of the otherwise intractable example models to a manageable size.
Born this way: thin disc, thick disc, and isotropic spheroid formation in FIRE-2 Milky-Way-mass galaxy simulations
Creators: name: Yu, Sijie
name: Bullock, James S.
name: Gurvich, Alexander B.
name: Hafen, Zachary
name: Stern, Jonathan
name: Boylan-Kolchin, Michael
name: Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André
name: Wetzel, Andrew
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Moreno, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation of Milky-Way-mass galaxies using FIRE-2 LCDM cosmological zoom-in simulations by studying the orbital evolution of stars formed in the main progenitor of the galaxy, from birth to the present day. We classify in situ stars as isotropic spheroid, thick-disc, and thin-disc according to their orbital circularities and show that these components are assembled in a time-ordered sequence from early to late times, respectively. All simulated galaxies experience an early phase of bursty star formation that transitions to a late-time steady phase. This transition coincides with the time that the inner CGM virializes. During the early bursty phase, galaxies have irregular morphologies and new stars are born on radial orbits; these stars evolve into an isotropic spheroidal population today. The bulk of thick-disc stars form at intermediate times, during a clumpy-disc ``spin-up'' phase, slightly later than the peak of spheroid formation. At late times, once the CGM virializes and star formation ``cools down," stars are born on circular orbits within a narrow plane. Those stars mostly inhabit thin discs today. Broadly speaking, stars with disc-like or spheroid-like orbits today were born that way. Mergers onto discs and secular processes do affect kinematics in our simulations, but play only secondary roles in populating thick-disc and in situ spheroid populations at z=0. The age distributions of spheroid, thick disc, and thin disc populations scale self-similarly with the steady-phase transition time, which suggests that morphological age dating can be linked to the CGM virialization time in galaxies.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures; this version was accepted to MNRAS on June 9, 2023
Zuschriften an die Redaktion
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2020

description: Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 41 Nr. 10 (1988): Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege
Nonlinearity-induced optical torque
Creators: name: Toftul, Ivan
name: Fedorovich, Gleb
name: Kislov, Denis
name: Frizyuk, Kristina
name: Koshelev, Kirill
name: Kivshar, Yuri
name: Petrov, Mihail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optically-induced mechanical torque leading to the rotation of small objects requires the presence of absorption or breaking cylindrical symmetry of a scatterer. A spherical non-absorbing particle cannot rotate due to the conservation of the angular momentum of light upon scattering. Here, we suggest a novel physical mechanism for the angular momentum transfer to non-absorbing particles via nonlinear light scattering. The breaking of symmetry occurs at the microscopic level manifested in nonlinear negative optical torque due to the excitation of resonant states at the harmonic frequency with higher projection of angular momentum. The proposed physical mechanism can be verified with resonant dielectric nanostructures, and we suggest some specific realizations.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Attitudes Towards Outreach In Particle Physics: Poster Presented At 2016 Cern Doctoral Student Assembly
Creators: name: Achintya Rao
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: outreach
public engagement
science communication
particle physics
CERN

description: This is a slight update (visuals only) to the version of the poster that was presented at the CERN Doctoral Student Assembly on 10 May 2016.