Paralecanium geometricum Green
Creators: name: Chris J. Hodgson
name: Douglas J. Williams
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Paralecanium
Paralecanium geometricum

description: Paralecanium geometricum (Green)
(Fig. 39)
Lecanium geometricum Green, 1896, 9. Type data: SRI LANKA: Pundaluoya, on undetermined shrub. Syntypes, female. Type depository: BMNH, London, U.K.
Lecanium geometricum; Cockerell & Parrott, 1899, 227.
Paralecanium geometricum; Fernald, 1903, 199. Change of combination.
Lecanium limbatum Green, 1922, 1023. Type data: SRI LANKA, Batticaloa, on Ixora coccinea. Syntypes, female. Type depository: BMNH, London, England, U.K. Syn. n.
Paralecanium limbatum; Green 1937, 306. Change of combination.
Material examined. Lectotype f and paralectotype ff (here designated): SRI LANKA (as Ceylon): top labels: TYPE in red on round label + Lectotype in red on narrow label; Lecanium / geometricum / Green / from / Glycosmis / pentaphylla / Pundaluoya / Ceylon (BMNH): 1/3adff (fg; mature females; most legs and antennae damaged or missing. Lectotype middle specimen, clearly marked. Envelope indicates E.E.G. as collector). Labelled Syntype, Sri Lanka (as Ceylon): top labels: CO-TYPE on oval label; Lecanium / (Paralecanium) / geometricum / Green / from / Glycosmis pentaphylla / Pundaluoya / Ceylon (BMNH): 1/5adff (fg; mature females, most missing some or all venter).
Lecanium (Paralecanium) limbatum Green. Lectotype f and paralectotype f (here designated): SRI LANKA (as Ceylon): top labels: TYPE in red on round label + lectotype in red on narrow label; bottom label: Lecanium / (Paralecanium) / limbatus Green / from Ixora / Batticaloa / Ceylon May 0 6 (BMNH): 1/2adff (f-p; one old female (designated lectotype) and one young adult lacking most of venter. Collector as E.E.G. on envelope).
Other material. Paralecanium geometricum: SRI LANKA (as Ceylon), Pundaluoya, on Glycosinis (should be Glycosmis) pentaphylla, probably mounted from dried material of E.E. Green (BMNH): 5/5adff (f-p, most missing some or all venter). Sri Lanka (as Ceylon), Pundaluoya, on?host, no coll. [E.E.G. on envelope] (BMNH): 2/3adff (f-p, most missing some or all venter). Sri Lanka, as Ceylon, Namunakuli [probably Namunukula], no host or collector, -. ii.1910 (BMNH): 1/4adff (f-g). Sri Lanka, as Ceylon, Pundaluoya, no host or coll. [E.E.G. on envelope] (BMNH): 2/4adff (mainly g; possibly part of type series). Sri Lanka, as Ceylon, Kesbewa, on Ixora sp., April 1903, no coll. [E.E.G. on envelope] (BMNH): 1/1adf (p, venter damaged, identified as Lecanium geometricum Green – note that this is the same host-plant genus as for the type of P. limbatum Green). Sri Lanka (as Ceylon): Peradeniya, no host or coll. (E.E.G. on envelope] (BMNH): 1/2adff (1 g, 1 p).
MALAYSIA, Malaysia (west), Pahang Prov., Kuantan, Hutan Lipur Tolek Cempedak, on Ardisia kunstleri, Jul. –Aug., 1990, S. Takagi 90ML-329 (BMNH): 1/1adf (f).
Note. The description is based on a selection of type specimens of P. geometricum off Glycosmis from Pundaluoya and both specimens of P. limbatum (data for the latter are given in [...] brackets where different).
Unmounted material. Of P. geometricum: ‘Pale castaneous, or fulvous. Flattish, sub-round, median dorsal area with concentric series of polygonal depressed spaces.’ (Green 1896, p. 9). Of P. limbatum: “Adult female broadly ovate; flat. Colour bright castaneous, the marginal area and median-longitudinal fascia darker. Dorsum with five or six inconspicuous hyaline streaks, on each side, extending inwards from the margin. Venter with a sharply defined, broad, denser marginal zone.” “Length 3 mm ”. “On Ixora coccinea, Batticaloa. ” (Green, 1922, p. 1023).
Slide-mounted adult female. Body broadly oval. Length 3.1–3.4 [2.9] mm, width 2.1–2.6 [2.2] mm.
Dorsum. Derm of young adult rather uniformly sclerotised, mature specimens uniformly sclerotised but with a broad, more heavily sclerotised, area medially [unsclerotised]; with pale areolations throughout dorsum but those submarginally and submedially more uniformly distributed than marginally; rest of derm with abundant minute pale spots. Marginal radial lines only indicated by distribution of dorsal pores and setae, with 11 anteriorly between stigmatic clefts, each side with 3 between stigmatic clefts and probably 10 or 11 on abdomen; also with lines of slightly paler derm or dermal folds present (although sometimes indistinct, particularly on head), with 2 lines anteriorly between anterior stigmatic clefts, a line from each cleft, each side with 1 line between clefts and 4 on abdomen. Abdominal clear areas small, with 4 or 5 on each side on abdomen plus another at end of radial line from anterior stigmatic cleft. Dorsal setae short and more or less parallel-sided with a blunt apex, each 5–6 µm long, sparse, apparently restricted to submargin; absent medially. Dorsal pores of possibly 2 sizes: (i) pores with a dark centre, each about 2 µm wide, and (ii) rather similar but slightly smaller simple pores, each 1.5–2.0 µm wide; pores present in a distinct, sparse polygonal pattern and in about 7 or 8 transverse lines medially. Anal plates together elongate, each with a squarish outer margin; each plate with perhaps 2 small setae near apex and with 2–5 small pores medially; plates 200–215 [195–200] µm long, combined width 115–125 [125–130] µm. Anogenital fold with 2 (occasionally 3) pairs of small setae along anterior margin and 3 pairs of small setae along lateral margins.
Margin. Marginal ornamentation present in the form of quite deep corrugations, sometimes with short radial lines. Marginal setae fan-shaped and more or less round; width of each fan mostly 35–40 µm, length 26–35 µm; with about 87–90 [74] setae anteriorly between anterior stigmatic clefts, each side with 31–38 [29–31] setae between stigmatic clefts, and 74–82 [72 or 73] along abdominal margin. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with a sclerotised inner margin and 3 rather parallel-sided stigmatic spines, subequal in length, each 48–55 [33–46] µm long. Eyespots each oval; width of socket 50–58 µm and of lens 18–20 [21] µm.
Venter. Mature specimens with a broad dark marginal band about 270 µm wide, with numerous short dark radial fingers. Multilocular disc-pores present in groups on either side of genital opening and on preceding segment only, each side with 19 or 20 on abdominal segment VII and 32–35 [30] on segment VI. Spiracular disc-pores present in a narrow band between margin and each spiracle, with 18–34 pores in each band. Ventral microducts apparently sparse, only detected submarginally. Ventral setae: 2 pairs of interantennal setae present; longer setae present on abdominal segments VII, VI and V and mesad to each coxa; no group of long setae present at anterior end of anal cleft but with 2 or 3 short setae in this position. Antennae well developed, each with 6 segments; total length 220–240 µm; apical segment about 55 µm long; apical seta short, each 20 [22] µm long; setal distribution normal. Clypeolabral shield about 95–105 µm long. Spiracles small, width of anterior peritremes 23–25 [24–27] µm, posterior peritremes 26–30 µm. Legs well developed, often with tibio-tarsal articulation obscure; dimensions of prothoracic legs (µm): coxa 65–68 [60], trochanter + femur 90–92 [86], tibia 50–56 [46–48] and tarsus 42 [50– 58]; claw 10 µm. Tarsal digitules slightly longer than claw digitules, with capitate apices; claw digitules both broad but one possibly narrower than other; claw without a denticle; setal distribution: coxa 6; trochanter 1, rather short; femur 2; tibia 2 and tarsus 3.
Comments. The data given above for P. geometricum and P. limbatum are almost identical; indeed, there is a slide identified previously (by Green?) as P. geometricum that had been collected off Ixora sp., the host of P. limbatum. Therefore, the name P. limbatum is here made a junior synonym of P. geometricum, syn. n.
Adult female P. geometricum are somewhat similar to those of P. hainanense, P. machili, P. marginatum and P. morobeense (described as new below), all of which have rather small dorsal pores. For main differences, see key.
Host-plants. Glycosmis pentaphylla (Rutaceae); Ixora coccinea (Rubiaceae), Ardisia kunstleri (Myrsinaceae). Unconfirmed plant hosts: Laurus novocanariensis (Lauraceae).
description: Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2018, Revision of the soft scale genus Paralecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with the introduction of three new genera and twenty new species, pp. 1-162 in Zootaxa 4443 (1) on pages 97-99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4443.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1305628