cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bayesian structured additive distributional regression with an application to regional income inequality in Germany
Creators: name: Klein, Nadja
name: Kneib, Thomas
name: Lang, Stefan
name: Sohn, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a generic Bayesian framework for inference in distributional regression models in which each parameter of a potentially complex response distribution and not only the mean is related to a structured additive predictor. The latter is composed additively of a variety of different functional effect types such as nonlinear effects, spatial effects, random coefficients, interaction surfaces or other (possibly nonstandard) basis function representations. To enforce specific properties of the functional effects such as smoothness, informative multivariate Gaussian priors are assigned to the basis function coefficients. Inference can then be based on computationally efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation techniques where a generic procedure makes use of distribution-specific iteratively weighted least squares approximations to the full conditionals. The framework of distributional regression encompasses many special cases relevant for treating nonstandard response structures such as highly skewed nonnegative responses, overdispersed and zero-inflated counts or shares including the possibility for zero- and one-inflation. We discuss distributional regression along a study on determinants of labour incomes for full-time working males in Germany with a particular focus on regional differences after the German reunification. Controlling for age, education, work experience and local disparities, we estimate full conditional income distributions allowing us to study various distributional quantities such as moments, quantiles or inequality measures in a consistent manner in one joint model. Detailed guidance on practical aspects of model choice including the selection of several competing distributions for labour incomes and the consideration of different covariate effects on the income distribution complete the distributional regression analysis. We find that next to a lower expected income, full-time working men in East Germany also face a more unequal income distribution than men in the West, ceteris paribus.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-AOAS823 in the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Coordination and Discoordination in Linear Algebra, Linear Information Theory, and Coded Caching
Creators: name: Friedman, Joel
name: Tootooni, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94A15, 15A03

description: In the first part of this paper we develop some theorems in linear algebra applicable to information theory when all random variables involved are linear functions of the individual bits of a source of independent bits. We say that a collection of subspaces of a vector space are "coordinated" if the vector space has a basis such that each subspace is spanned by its intersection with the basis. We measure the failure of a collection of subspaces to be coordinated by an invariant that we call the "discoordination" of the family. We develop some foundational results regarding discoordination. In particular, these results give a number of new formulas involving three subspaces of a vector space. We then apply a number of our results, along with a method of Tian to obtain some new lower bounds in a special case of the basic coded caching problem. In terms of the usual notation for these problems, we show that for $N=3$ documents and $K=3$ caches, we have $6M+5R\ge 11$ for a scheme that achieves the memory-rate pair $(M,R)$, assuming the scheme is linear. We also give a new caching scheme for $N=K=3$ that achieves the pair $(M,R) = (1/2,5/3)$.
The critical catastrophe revisited
Creators: name: de Mulatier, Clélia
name: Dumonteil, Eric
name: Rosso, Alberto
name: Zoia, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutron population in a prototype model of nuclear reactor can be described in terms of a collection of particles confined in a box and undergoing three key random mechanisms: diffusion, reproduction due to fissions, and death due to absorption events. When the reactor is operated at the critical point, and fissions are exactly compensated by absorptions, the whole neutron population might in principle go to extinction because of the wild fluctuations induced by births and deaths. This phenomenon, which has been named critical catastrophe, is nonetheless never observed in practice: feedback mechanisms acting on the total population, such as human intervention, have a stabilizing effect. In this work, we revisit the critical catastrophe by investigating the spatial behaviour of the fluctuations in a confined geometry. When the system is free to evolve, the neutrons may display a wild patchiness (clustering). On the contrary, imposing a population control on the total population acts also against the local fluctuations, and may thus inhibit the spatial clustering. The effectiveness of population control in quenching spatial fluctuations will be shown to depend on the competition between the mixing time of the neutrons (i.e., the average time taken for a particle to explore the finite viable space) and the extinction time.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Baseline imbalance in RCTs examining the effects of exercise and antihypertensive medicines
Creators: name: Wewege, Michael
name: Jones, Matthew
name: McAuley, James
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: meta-analysis

description: This meta-epidemiological study will determine whether there is evidence of baseline imbalance in meta-analyses of exercise and anti-hypertensive medicines
Machine learning in the study of phase transition of two-dimensional complex plasmas
Creators: name: Huang, He
name: Nosenko, Vladimir
name: Huang-Fu, Han-Xiao
name: Thomas, Hubertus M.
name: Du, Cheng-Ran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning is applied to investigate the phase transition of two-dimensional complex plasmas. The Langevin dynamics simulation is employed to prepare particle suspensions in various thermodynamic states. Based on the resulted particle positions in two extreme conditions, bitmap images are synthesized and imported to a convolutional neural network (ConvNet) as training sample. As a result, a phase diagram is obtained. This trained ConvNet model can be directly applied to the sequence of the recorded images using video microscopy in the experiments to study the melting.
title: Point-of-care versus diagnostic ultrasound in the intensive care unit
Creators: name: Danse, Etienne
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Ultrasound
subject: Emergency
subject: Abdomen
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education
subject: Inflammation
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Trauma

description: Learning objectives Main References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: ...
Simulation des Grenztragverhaltens geschweißter Aluminiumstrukturen
Creators: name: Panwitt, Hannes
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 620 Engineering & allied operations

description: Für die Auslegung von Fahrzeugen ist es notwendig, das Strukturverhalten unter Kollisionsszenarien zu berücksichtigen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde daher das Grenztragverhalten geschweißter Aluminiumstrukturen unter Berücksichtigung lokaler Vorgänge in der Schweißnahtumgebung untersucht und anhand eines Strukturdetails simuliert. Dafür wurde ein neues Materialmodell auf Basis von schweißprozessähnlichen Wärmebehandlungen und Härteprüfungen entwickelt. Die detailliertere Abbildung der Eigenschaften erlaubt es, die lokalen Vorgänge in Übereinstimmung mit Validierungsversuchen vorherzusagen.
Objective assessment of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia
Creators: name: Davies, Austin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Introduction: Most biopsy specimens are diagnosed by interpretation of glass slides. However, some conditions like pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) may have overlapping characteristics requiring additional testing. The aims of these studies were: 1- to examine an objective method to define the incidence of PEH in granular cell tumors (GCTs), and 2- to develop a process to differentiate PEH from SCCa. Methods: A definition of PEH in GCTs was formulated, interobserver agreement calculated, and the incidence of PEH in GCTs determined. We histomorphometrically measured and compared the proportions of cases with positive immunohistochemical marker. Results: Use of our definition of PEH resulted in a high level of agreement. The proportion of melanocytes between PEH and SCCa cases was not significantly different. Conclusion: Our definition of PEH proved to be reliable and should be further validated. Melan-A is not capable of differentiating PEH and SCCa.
AdaBest: Minimizing Client Drift in Federated Learning via Adaptive Bias Estimation
Creators: name: Varno, Farshid
name: Saghayi, Marzie
name: Sevyeri, Laya Rafiee
name: Gupta, Sharut
name: Matwin, Stan
name: Havaei, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2; I.4; I.5

description: In Federated Learning (FL), a number of clients or devices collaborate to train a model without sharing their data. Models are optimized locally at each client and further communicated to a central hub for aggregation. While FL is an appealing decentralized training paradigm, heterogeneity among data from different clients can cause the local optimization to drift away from the global objective. In order to estimate and therefore remove this drift, variance reduction techniques have been incorporated into FL optimization recently. However, these approaches inaccurately estimate the clients' drift and ultimately fail to remove it properly. In this work, we propose an adaptive algorithm that accurately estimates drift across clients. In comparison to previous works, our approach necessitates less storage and communication bandwidth, as well as lower compute costs. Additionally, our proposed methodology induces stability by constraining the norm of estimates for client drift, making it more practical for large scale FL. Experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed algorithm converges significantly faster and achieves higher accuracy than the baselines across various FL benchmarks.
description: Published as a conference paper at ECCV 2022; Corrected some typos in the text and a baseline algorithm
Spectroscopy of Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies in Distant Clusters II. Physical Properties of dE Progenitor Candidates
Creators: name: Crawford, S. M.
name: Wirth, Gregory D.
name: Bershady, M. A.
name: Randriamampandry, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies (LCBGs) are an extreme star-bursting population of galaxies that were far more common at earlier epochs than today. Based on spectroscopic and photometric measurements of LCBGs in massive (M >10^15 M_sun), intermediate redshift (0.5 < z < 0.9) galaxy clusters, we present their rest-frame properties including star-formation rate, dynamical mass, size, luminosity, and metallicity. The appearance of these small, compact galaxies in clusters at intermediate redshift helps explain the observed redshift evolution in the size-luminosity relationship among cluster galaxies. In addition, we find the rest-frame properties of LCBGs appearing in galaxy clusters are indistinguishable from field LCBGs at the same redshift. Up to 35% of the LCBGs show significant discrepancies between optical and infrared indicators of star formation, suggesting that star formation occurs in obscured regions. Nonetheless, the star formation for LCBGs shows a decrease toward the center of the galaxy clusters. Based on their position and velocity, we estimate that up to 10% of cluster LCBGs are likely to merge with another cluster galaxy. Finally, the observed properties and distributions of the LCBGs in these clusters lead us to conclude that we are witnessing the quenching of the progenitors of dwarf elliptical galaxies that dominate the number density of present-epoch galaxy clusters.
description: 37 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Kein „Teaching to the test“?
No "Teaching to the test"?
Creators: name: Koch, Katja
name: Brand, Tilman
name: Hübner, Roberto
name: Koebe, Kristina
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock, Arbeitsstelle Pädagogische Lesungen
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 370 Education
subject: 943 General history of Europe Central Europe Germany

description: Der hier vorgelegte Beitrag befragt die Pädagogischen Lesungen über die Abiturstufe darauf, inwiefern sie die schriftlichen Abiturprüfungen im Fach Deutsch thematisieren und zu welchen Unterrichts- und Erziehungszielen sowie bildungspolitischen Vorgaben diese Thematisierungen in Bezug gesetzt werden. Es wird untersucht, inwiefern die Autor*innen eine gezielte Prüfungsvorbereitung thematisieren, ob Aussagen zum Stellenwert dieser Examina getroffen werden und inwieweit sich hier auch Gestaltungsspiel- und Ermessensräume einzelner Schulen oder gar Lehrkräfte erkennen lassen. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die schriftlichen Abituraufsätze vergleichsweise selten explizites Thema sind. Wo dies geschieht, rekurriert man auf die Prüfungsergebnisse als Indikatoren für erfolgreiche oder verbesserungsbedürftige Vermittlung fachlicher Inhalte, aber auch hinsichtlich der Erreichung ideologischer und pädagogischer Zielsetzung in der Abiturstufenzeit. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Frage, wo sich Unterrichtsarbeit so verbessern lässt, dass sie eine bestmögliche Vorbereitung auf ein Hochschulstudium gewährleistet, zur politischideologischen Erziehung der Lernenden beiträgt oder bei den Schüler*innen Grundlagen für eine lebenslange Beschäftigung mit Literatur legt.
Reaction times after mTBI: a comparison across multiple domains
Creators: name: Campbell, Kody
Publisher: name: Oregon Health and Science University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Brain Concussion
subject: Reaction Time
subject: Postural Balance
subject: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
subject: Standing balance
subject: Dynamic balance

description: Reacting to external stimuli (reaction time) is critical for everyday life and is assessed after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with a seated computerized cognitive test. However, reaction times during daily life may require speed, accuracy, and gross movement that may not reflect seated cognitive reaction time tasks. The purpose of this study is to explore reaction times across seated cognitive, standing balance, and dynamic stepping reactions.
Hunting with poisoned arrows during the Terminal Pleistocene in Northern Europe? A tip cross-sectional area assessment and list of potential arrow poison ingredients
Creators: name: Lombard, Marlize
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Archaeology

description: The lithic projectile points of the Late Upper Palaeolithic (~14.7-11.7 ka BP) in Northern Europe display a marked variation in size and design. The small tanged points characteristic of the latest phase in the sequence can be directly associated with finds of arrow-shafts and bow fragments, benchmarking the presence of archery. In the absence of such organic evidence during the older phases, size differences between different tip designs may be used, with reference to ballistic principles, to derive hypotheses about ancient weapon systems. By calculating tip cross-sectional area values for a large sample of shouldered, backed, and tanged points from sites across the Northern Europe, we here explore likely changes in weapon use through time. In this context we specifically investigate the likelihood of the smallest of these tips as having been used with poison to increase hunting success. Our results show that: (i) bow-and-arrow technology most likely was in use already during the earliest phases of human occupation in the region; (ii) later on, different weapon systems equipped with different tip designs were used in parallel; and (iii) the smallest of lithic armatures align well with ethnographically documented poisoned arrows.
Enumeration of Generalized Dyck Paths Based on the Height of Down-Steps Modulo $k$
Creators: name: Heuberger, Clemens
name: Selkirk, Sarah J.
name: Wagner, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15

description: For fixed non-negative integers $k$, $t$, and $n$, with $t < k$, a $k_t$-Dyck path of length $(k+1)n$ is a lattice path that starts at $(0, 0)$, ends at $((k+1)n, 0)$, stays weakly above the line $y = -t$, and consists of steps from the step-set $\{(1, 1), (1, -k)\}$. We enumerate the family of $k_t$-Dyck paths by considering the number of down-steps at a height of $i$ modulo $k$. Given a tuple $(a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_k)$ we find an exact enumeration formula for the number of $k_t$-Dyck paths of length $(k+1)n$ with $a_i$ down-steps at a height of $i$ modulo $k$, $1 \leq i \leq k$. The proofs given are done via bijective means or with generating functions.
Dynamics of magnetic single domain particles embedded in a viscous liquid
Creators: name: Usadel, Klaus D.
name: Usadel, Clemens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinetic equations for magnetic nano particles dispersed in a viscous liquid are developed and analyzed numerically. Depending on the amplitude of an applied oscillatory magnetic field the particles orient their time averaged anisotropy axis perpendicular to the applied field for low magnetic field amplitudes and nearly parallel to the direction of the field for high amplitudes. The transition between these regions takes place in a narrow field interval. In the low field region the magnetic moment is locked to some crystal axis and the energy absorption in an oscillatory driving field is dominated by viscous losses associated with particle rotation in the liquid. In the opposite limit the magnetic moment rotates within the particle while its easy axis being nearly parallel to the external field direction oscillates. The kinetic equations are generalized to include thermal fluctuations. This leads to a significant increase of the power absorption in the low and intermediate field region with a pronounced absorption peak as function of particle size. In the high field region, on the other hand, the inclusion of thermal fluctuations reduces the power absorption. The illustrative numerical calculations presented are performed for magnetic parameters typical for iron oxide.
title: The emperor's new clothes? An evaluation of the accuracy of transabdominal ultrasound in diagnosing acute appendicitis
Creators: name: Johnson, Catherine
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Infection
subject: Acute
subject: Inflammation

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Purpose: To determine the accuracy of transabdominal ultrasound in diagnosing acute appendicitis. Appendicitis is the commonest cause of an acute surgical abdomen (1). In the absence of intervention, it may progress to perforation and result in...
Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in two-dimensional electron gas under subterahertz radiation
Creators: name: Shi, Q.
name: Martin, P. D.
name: Hatke, A. T.
name: Zudov, M. A.
name: Watson, J. D.
name: Gardner, G. C.
name: Manfra, M. J.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on magnetotransport measurements in a two-dimensional (2D) electron gas subject to subterahertz radiation in the regime where Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations (SdHO) and microwave-induced resistance oscillations (MIRO) coexist over a wide magnetic field range, spanning several harmonics of the cyclotron resonance. Surprisingly, we find that the SdHO amplitude is modified by the radiation in a non-trivial way owing to the oscillatory correction which has the same period and phase as MIRO. This finding challenges our current understanding of microwave photoresistance in 2D electron gas, calling for future investigations.
Development of genomic resources and tools for precision farming of pikeperch through high-throughput sequencing and computational genomics
Creators: name: Nguinkal, Julien Alban
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 004 Data processing Computer sciences
subject: 570 Life science

description: This thesis provides the first genomic tools and resources to enhance pikeperch's innovative farming, optimal domestication, and adaption into modern intensive aquaculture systems, including a high-quality chromosome-level assembly, reference transcriptome, and gene expression atlas. The pikeperch genome was also used as a reference for comparative genomics analyses and population genetics analyses in domesticated individuals to establish the landscape of genetic variations. These findings lay the foundation for addressing critical issues in genomics-informed pikeperch farming.
Example of the $4$-pt non-vacuum $\mathcal{W}_3$ classical block
Creators: name: Pavlov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note, we study a special case of the $4$-pt non-vacuum classical block associated with the $\mathcal{W}_3$ algebra. We formulate the monodromy problem for the block and derive monodromy equations within the heavy-light approximation. Fixing the remaining functional arbitrariness using parameters of the $4$-pt vacuum $\mathcal{W}_3$ block, we compute the $4$-pt non-vacuum $\mathcal{W}_3$ block function.
description: V2: 18 pages, typos corrected, comments and references added
Causal Beliefs for Socioeconomic Status Attainment Scale: Development and Validation
Creators: name: Im, Hohjin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Materials (Codebook + R Scripts) for SES Causal Beliefs Scale Paper. Citation: Im, H. & Shane, J. (Pending Editor Decision). Causal Beliefs for Socioeconomic Status Attainment Scale: Development and Validation. Journal of Social Psychology.
Hunting with poisoned arrows during the Terminal Pleistocene in Northern Europe? A tip cross-sectional area assessment and list of potential arrow poison ingredients
Creators: name: Riede, Felix
name: Lombard, Marlize
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Archaeology

description: The lithic projectile points of the Late Upper Palaeolithic (~14.7-11.7 ka BP) in Northern Europe display a marked variation in size and design. The small tanged points characteristic of the latest phase in the sequence can be directly associated with finds of arrow-shafts and bow fragments, benchmarking the presence of archery. In the absence of such organic evidence during the older phases, size differences between different tip designs may be used, with reference to ballistic principles, to derive hypotheses about ancient weapon systems. By calculating tip cross-sectional area values for a large sample of shouldered, backed, and tanged points from sites across the Northern Europe, we here explore likely changes in weapon use through time. In this context we specifically investigate the likelihood of the smallest of these tips as having been used with poison to increase hunting success. Our results show that: (i) bow-and-arrow technology most likely was in use already during the earliest phases of human occupation in the region; (ii) later on, different weapon systems equipped with different tip designs were used in parallel; and (iii) the smallest of lithic armatures align well with ethnographically documented poisoned arrows.
Assessing Streamline Plausibility Through Randomized Iterative Spherical-Deconvolution Informed Tractogram Filtering
Creators: name: Hain, Antonia
name: Jörgens, Daniel
name: Moreno, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.10; I.4.7; I.5; J.3
subject: 68T07, 68U10, 92C55, 94A12

description: Tractography has become an indispensable part of brain connectivity studies. However, it is currently facing problems with reliability. In particular, a substantial amount of nerve fiber reconstructions (streamlines) in tractograms produced by state-of-the-art tractography methods are anatomically implausible. To address this problem, tractogram filtering methods have been developed to remove faulty connections in a postprocessing step. This study takes a closer look at one such method, \textit{Spherical-deconvolution Informed Filtering of Tractograms} (SIFT), which uses a global optimization approach to improve the agreement between the remaining streamlines after filtering and the underlying diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data. SIFT is not suitable to judge the plausibility of individual streamlines since its results depend on the size and composition of the surrounding tractogram. To tackle this problem, we propose applying SIFT to randomly selected tractogram subsets in order to retrieve multiple assessments for each streamline. This approach makes it possible to identify streamlines with very consistent filtering results, which were used as pseudo ground truths for training classifiers. The trained classifier is able to distinguish the obtained groups of plausible and implausible streamlines with accuracy above 80%. The software code used in the paper and pretrained weights of the classifier are distributed freely via the Github repository https://github.com/djoerch/randomised_filtering.
description: 38 pages, 18 figures
Synthese von hexanuklearen Niob- und Tantal-Clusterkomplexverbindungen mit Iodido- und Alkoholato-Liganden
Creators: name: Schröder, Florian
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemistry & allied sciences

description: Die auf acht Publikationen basierende kumulative Dissertation beinhaltet insgesamt 20 hexanukleare Niob- und Tantal-Clusterkomplexverbindungen mit Iodido- und Alkoholato-Liganden. Es wird dabei jeweils die Synthese und Struktur beschrieben sowie auf chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften eingegangen. Besonders hervorzuheben sind dabei Verbindungen der Hauptstrukturtypen (M6X8) und (M6X12) mit Isopropanolato-Liganden, 13-CBE-Clusterkomplexe und ein homonukleares Doppelclustersystem.
title: Comparison of diffusional kurtosis imaging and mono-exponential DWI model in distinguishing healthy from cancerous peripheral prostate tissues
Creators: name: Lucarini, Silvia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Imaging sequences

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of diffusional kurtosisimaging and mono-exponential model in distinguishing healthy peripheral (HP) and peripheralcancerous (PCa) prostate...
Exekutive Funktionen und Leistungsmotivation als Prädiktoren für den akademischen Erfolg im Humanmedizinstudium
Creators: name: Kaufmann, Sabrina Sabine Ute
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte Leistungsmotivation und exekutive Funktionen als Prädiktoren für den Studienerfolg im Medizinstudium. Der Untertest zum semantischen Kategorienwechsel erwies sich als prädiktiv für den akademischen Erfolg in der Vorklinik. Unter Vorbehalt deuteten unsere Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die kompensatorische Anstrengung als eine konstruktive Reaktion auf Furcht vor Misserfolg als auch die erhöhte Anstrengungsbereitschaft und -höhe in Form von Engagement einen positiven Einfluss auf den akademischen Erfolg in der Vorklinik haben könnten.
The HI Tully-Fisher Relation of Early-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Heijer, Milan den
name: Oosterloo, Tom A.
name: Serra, Paolo
name: Jozsa, Gyula I. G.
name: Kerp, Juergen
name: Morganti, Raffaella
name: Cappellari, Michele
name: Davis, Timothy A.
name: Duc, Pierre-Alain
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Krajnovic, Davor
name: McDermid, Richard M.
name: Naab, Torsten
name: Weijmans, Anne-Marie
name: de Zeeuw, P. Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the HI K-band Tully-Fisher relation and the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation for a sample of 16 early-type galaxies, taken from the ATLAS3D sample, which all have very regular HI disks extending well beyond the optical body (> 5 R_eff). We use the kinematics of these disks to estimate the circular velocity at large radii for these galaxies. We find that the Tully-Fisher relation for our early-type galaxies is offset by about 0.5-0.7 magnitudes from the relation for spiral galaxies. The residuals with respect to the spiral Tully-Fisher relation correlate with estimates of the stellar mass-to-light ratio, suggesting that the offset between the relations is mainly driven by differences in stellar populations. We also observe a small offset between our Tully-Fisher relation with the relation derived for the ATLAS3D sample based on CO data representing the galaxies' inner regions (< 1 R_eff). This indicates that the circular velocities at large radii are systematically 10% lower than those near 0.5-1 R_eff, in line with recent determinations of the shape of the mass profile of early-type galaxies. The baryonic Tully-Fisher relation of our sample is distinctly tighter than the standard one, in particular when using mass-to-light ratios based on dynamical models of the stellar kinematics. We find that the early-type galaxies fall on the spiral baryonic Tully-Fisher relation if one assumes M/L_K = 0.54 M_sun/L_sun for the stellar populations of the spirals, a value similar to that found by recent studies of the dynamics of spiral galaxies. Such a mass-to-light ratio for spiral galaxies would imply that their disks are 60-70% of maximal. Our analysis increases the range of galaxy morphologies for which the baryonic Tully-Fisher relations holds, strengthening previous claims that it is a more fundamental scaling relation than the classical Tully-Fisher relation.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hunting with poisoned arrows during the Terminal Pleistocene in Northern Europe? A tip cross-sectional area assessment and list of potential arrow poison ingredients
Creators: name: Lombard, Marlize
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Archaeology

description: The lithic projectile points of the Late Upper Palaeolithic (~14.7-11.7 ka BP) in Northern Europe display a marked variation in size and design. The small tanged points characteristic of the latest phase in the sequence can be directly associated with finds of arrow-shafts and bow fragments, benchmarking the presence of archery. In the absence of such organic evidence during the older phases, size differences between different tip designs may be used, with reference to ballistic principles, to derive hypotheses about ancient weapon systems. By calculating tip cross-sectional area values for a large sample of shouldered, backed, and tanged points from sites across the North European Plain, we here explore likely changes in weapon use through time. In this context we specifically investigate the likelihood of the smallest of these tips as having been used with poison to increase hunting success. Our results show that: (i) bow-and-arrow technology most likely was in use already during the earliest phases of human occupation in the region; (ii) later on, different weapon systems equipped with different tip designs were used in parallel; and (iii) the smallest of lithic armatures align well with ethnographically documented poisoned arrows.
Tuneable defect-curvature coupling and topological transitions in active shells
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Ludwig A.
name: Carenza, Livio Nicola
name: Giomi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental observations have suggested that topological defects can facilitate the creation of sharp features in developing embryos. Whereas these observations echo established knowledge about the interplay between geometry and topology in two-dimensional passive liquid crystals, the role of activity has mostly remained unexplored. In this article we focus on deformable shells consisting of either polar or nematic active liquid crystals and demonstrate that activity renders the mechanical coupling between defects and curvature much more involved and versatile than previously thought. Using a combination of linear stability analysis and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics, we demonstrate that such a coupling can in fact be tuned, depending on the type of liquid crystal order, the specific structure of the defect (i.e. asters or vortices) and the nature of the active forces. In polar systems, this can drive a spectacular transition from spherical to toroidal topology, in the presence of large extensile activity. Our analysis strengthens the idea that defects could serve as topological morphogens and provides a number of predictions that could be tested in in vitro studies, for instance in the context of organoids.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures. 1 page Supplementary Information. Version accepted for publication in Soft Matter
title: Determination of the vascular input function using magnitude or phase-based MRI: influence on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI model parameters in carotid plaques
Creators: name: van Hoof, Raf
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: Vascular
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Arteriosclerosis

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: An important cause of stroke is carotid atherosclerosis [1] . Currently the treatment of patients with carotid atherosclerosis is based on patient's symptoms and the degree of stenosis. Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery are...
Anomalous circularly polarized light emission in organic light-emitting diodes caused by orbital-momentum locking
Creators: name: Wan, Li
name: Liu, Yizhou
name: Fuchter, Matthew J.
name: Yan, Binghai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral circularly polarized (CP) light is central to many photonic technologies, from optical communication of spin information to novel display and imaging technologies. As such, there has been significant effort in the development of chiral emissive materials that allow for the emission of strongly dissymmetric CP light from organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). A consensus for chiral emission in such devices is that the molecular chirality of the active layer determines the favored light handedness of CP emission, regardless of the light-emitting direction. Here, we discover that, unconventionally, oppositely propagating CP light exhibits opposite handedness, and reversing the current-flow in OLEDs also switches the handedness of the emitted CP light. This direction-dependent CP emission boosts the net polarization rate by orders of magnitude by resolving an established issue in CP-OLEDs, where the CP light reflected by the back electrode typically erodes the measured dissymmetry. Through detailed theoretical analysis, we assign this anomalous CP emission to a ubiquitous topological electronic property in chiral materials, namely the orbital-momentum locking. Our work paves the way to design new chiroptoelectronic devices and probes the close connections between chiral materials, topological electrons, and CP light in the quantum regime.
description: 4 figures and supplementary materials
Periods and borders of random words
Creators: name: Holub, Štěpán
name: Shallit, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 68R15

description: We investigate the behavior of the periods and border lengths of random words over a fixed alphabet. We show that the asymptotic probability that a random word has a given maximal border length $k$ is a constant, depending only on $k$ and the alphabet size $\ell$. We give a recurrence that allows us to determine these constants with any required precision. This also allows us to evaluate the expected period of a random word. For the binary case, the expected period is asymptotically about $n-1.641$. We also give explicit formulas for the probability that a random word is unbordered or has maximum border length one.
Verdi's construction of drama and tinta: the expanded role of the father figure in La traviata
Creators: name: Hughes, Catherine A.
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2010

description: The cavatina for Germont in Act II of La traviata does not have an analogous moment in the Alexandre Dumas fils play, La dame aux camlias, which Giuseppe Verdi and Francesco Maria Piave adapted to create their opera. The aria satisfies the operatic convention that each of the three central characters in the opera-- the soprano, the tenor, and the bass-- should have an aria, and its construction reflects conventional formal organization. At the same time, Verdi's musical treatment of the conflict between Germont's bourgeois sensibilities and his sympathy for Violetta is a vital component of the unfolding drama, of the development of an expanded father figure, and of Verdi's use of tinta to construct through music the geographical and social setting in which the drama unfolds.
Behandlungsvermeidung (Health Care Avoidance) bei zahnärztlichen Patienten
Creators: name: Gragoll, Isabell
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Auf Basis von teilnarrativen, leitfadengestützten Interviews wurden Patienten mit einem überdurchschnittlich hohem DMFT-Index und jahrelanger Zahnarztabstinenz nach ihren subjektiven Gründen ihrer Zahnarztvermeidung befragt. Durch eine methodologisch kontrollierbare qualitative Inhaltsanalyse und qualitative polythetische Typenbildung konnten vier verschiedene Vermeidungstypen abgebildet werden. Daneben konnte ein Ausblick für mögliche Interventions- und Präventionsansätze erarbeitet werden, bei dem möglicherweise auch an einen interdisziplinären medizinischen Ansatz zu denken ist.
Integrative review of psychological factors identified as predictors for persistent post-concussion clinical outcomes: study protocol
Creators: name: Buzzanca, Katherine
name: Morgan, Jane
name: Beneciuk, Jason
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Rehabilitation and Therapy

description: Which psychological factors are predictors for persistent post-concussion clinical outcomes? Alternatively, which psychological factors demonstrate relationships with persistent post-concussion clinical outcomes? The goals of this integrative review are to (1) identify which psychological factors have been reported to be predictors of persistent post-concussion symptoms, (2) synthesize the literature found in the search, (3) develop a holistic understanding of the psychological factors that have been reported concerning the fear-avoidance model, and (4) contribute to theory development and reconceptualize the current fear-avoidance model for persistent post-concussion symptoms. Therefore, the overall purpose of this review is to identify literature on relationships between Fear Avoidance Model-specific psychological constructs and persistent post-concussion symptoms and persistent post-concussion clinical outcomes.
Radioactive decay products in neutron star merger ejecta: heating efficiency and $γ$-ray emission
Creators: name: Hotokezaka, Kenta
name: Wanajo, Shinya
name: Tanaka, Masaomi
name: Bamba, Aya
name: Terada, Yukikatsu
name: Piran, Tsvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radioactive decay of the freshly synthesized $r$-process nuclei ejected in compact binary mergers power optical/infrared macronovae (kilonovae) that follow these events. The light curves depend critically on the energy partition among the different products of the radioactive decay and this plays an important role in estimates of the amount of ejected $r$-process elements from a given observed signal. We study the energy partition and $γ$-ray emission of the radioactive decay. We show that $20$-$50\%$ of the total radioactive energy is released in $γ$-rays on timescales from hours to a month. The number of emitted $γ$-rays per unit energy interval has roughly a flat spectrum between a few dozen keV and $1$ MeV so that most of this energy is carried by $\sim 1$ MeV $γ$-rays. However at the peak of macronova emission the optical depth of the $γ$-rays is $\sim 0.02$ and most of the $γ$-rays escape. The loss of these $γ$-rays reduces the heat deposition into the ejecta and hence reduces the expected macronova signals if those are lanthanides dominated. This implies that the ejected mass is larger by a factor of $2$-$3$ than what was previously estimated. Spontaneous fission heats up the ejecta and the heating rate can increase if a sufficient amount of transuranic nuclei are synthesized. Direct measurements of these escaping $γ$-rays may provide the ultimate proof for the macronova mechanisms and an identification of the $r$-process nucleosynthesis sites. However, the chances to detect these signals are slim with current X-ray and $γ$-ray missions. New detectors, more sensitive by at least a factor of ten, are needed for a realistic detection rate.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Structure-activity-selectivity relationships for iron-based catalysts in CO2 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
Creators: name: Skrypnik, Andrey
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemistry & allied sciences

description: This study was aimed to evaluate the fundamentals for the purposeful preparation of Fe-based catalysts for CO2 conversion to higher hydrocarbons (C2+-hcs) with suppressed methane production. To this end tailored catalyst preparation and sophisticated material characterization by state-of-the-art techniques were combined with spatially resolved steady-state and transient kinetic analyses. To determine factors governing catalytic performance, the evolution of the microstructure and the phase composition of as-prepared iron oxides under CO2 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis conditions were established.
Design of Massive-MIMO-NOMA with Limited Feedback
Creators: name: Ding, Zhiguo
name: Poor, H. Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this letter, a low-feedback non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme using massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission is proposed. In particular, the proposed scheme can decompose a massive-MIMO-NOMA system into multiple separated single-input single-output NOMA channels, and analytical results are developed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme for two scenarios, with perfect user ordering and with one-bit feedback, respectively.
title: MRI in plantar plate disease evaluation: diagnostic value of 'stress test'
Creators: name: Ottonello, Carlo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: MR
subject: Efficacy studies
subject: Trauma

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: To evaluate the role of MRI in the study of plantar plate disease, imaging the forefoot in both the standard position andduringtoes hyperextension. We termed the MRI performed during toe hyperextension “ stress test ”. Plantar plate, also called...
Topological Dirac Spin-Gapless Materials -- New Horizon for Topological Spintronics Without Spin-Orbit Interaction
Creators: name: Nadeem, Muhammad
name: Wang, Xiaolin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of chiral edge states, corresponding to the nontrivial bulk-band topology characterized by a non-vanishing topological invariant, and the manipulation of topological transport via chiral edge states promise topological electronic/spintronic device applications. Here we predict the existence, practical realization, topological protection, and topological switching of spin-gapless valley-filtered chiral edge states, representing a novel topological Dirac spin-gapless/half-metal phase in antiferromagnetic honeycomb structures terminated on zigzag edges. We demonstrate that this phenomenon is realizable if a perpendicular (transverse) electric field is applied in zigzag nanoribbons with an antiferromagnetic ordering on the boundary (in the bulk), and the Weber-Fechner type nonlinear behavior is optimizable by a transverse (perpendicular) electric field. The existence of spin-gapless valley-filtered chiral edge states, their correspondence with nontrivial topological character in the bulk, and electric-field-driven switching of their spin-polarization that is accompanied by switching of bulk-band topology promise a new strategy for topological spintronics without spin-orbit interaction.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures