The Quiescent Intracluster Medium in the Core of the Perseus Cluster
Creators: name: Hitomi Collaboration
name: Aharonian, Felix
name: Akamatsu, Hiroki
name: Akimoto, Fumie
name: Allen, Steven W.
name: Anabuki, Naohisa
name: Angelini, Lorella
name: Arnaud, Keith
name: Audard, Marc
name: Awaki, Hisamitsu
name: Axelsson, Magnus
name: Bamba, Aya
name: Bautz, Marshall
name: Blandford, Roger
name: Brenneman, Laura
name: Brown, Gregory V.
name: Bulbul, Esra
name: Cackett, Edward
name: Chernyakova, Maria
name: Chiao, Meng
name: Coppi, Paolo
name: Costantini, Elisa
name: de Plaa, Jelle
name: Herder, Jan-Willem den
name: Done, Chris
name: Dotani, Tadayasu
name: Ebisawa, Ken
name: Eckart, Megan
name: Enoto, Teruaki
name: Ezoe, Yuichiro
name: Fabian, Andrew
name: Ferrigno, Carlo
name: Foster, Adam
name: Fujimoto, Ryuichi
name: Fukazawa, Yasushi
name: Furuzawa, Akihiro
name: Galeazzi, Massimiliano
name: Gallo, Luigi
name: Gandhi, Poshak
name: Giustini, Margherita
name: Goldwurm, Andrea
name: Gu, Liyi
name: Guainazzi, Matteo
name: Haba, Yoshito
name: Hagino, Kouichi
name: Hamaguchi, Kenji
name: Harrus, Ilana
name: Hatsukade, Isamu
name: Hayashi, Katsuhiro
name: Hayashi, Takayuki
name: Hayashida, Kiyoshi
name: Hiraga, Junko
name: Hornschemeier, Ann
name: Hoshino, Akio
name: Hughes, John
name: Iizuka, Ryo
name: Inoue, Hajime
name: Inoue, Yoshiyuki
name: Ishibashi, Kazunori
name: Ishida, Manabu
name: Ishikawa, Kumi
name: Ishisaki, Yoshitaka
name: Itoh, Masayuki
name: Iyomoto, Naoko
name: Kaastra, Jelle
name: Kallman, Timothy
name: Kamae, Tuneyoshi
name: Kara, Erin
name: Kataoka, Jun
name: Katsuda, Satoru
name: Katsuta, Junichiro
name: Kawaharada, Madoka
name: Kawai, Nobuyuki
name: Kelley, Richard
name: Khangulyan, Dmitry
name: Kilbourne, Caroline
name: King, Ashley
name: Kitaguchi, Takao
name: Kitamoto, Shunji
name: Kitayama, Tetsu
name: Kohmura, Takayoshi
name: Kokubun, Motohide
name: Koyama, Shu
name: Koyama, Katsuji
name: Kretschmar, Peter
name: Krimm, Hans
name: Kubota, Aya
name: Kunieda, Hideyo
name: Laurent, Philippe
name: Lebrun, Francois
name: Lee, Shiu-Hang
name: Leutenegger, Maurice
name: Limousin, Olivier
name: Loewenstein, Michael
name: Long, Knox S.
name: Lumb, David
name: Madejski, Grzegorz
name: Maeda, Yoshitomo
name: Maier, Daniel
name: Makishima, Kazuo
name: Markevitch, Maxim
name: Matsumoto, Hironori
name: Matsushita, Kyoko
name: McCammon, Dan
name: McNamara, Brian
name: Mehdipour, Missagh
name: Miller, Eric
name: Miller, Jon
name: Mineshige, Shin
name: Mitsuda, Kazuhisa
name: Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki
name: Miyazawa, Takuya
name: Mizuno, Tsunefumi
name: Mori, Hideyuki
name: Mori, Koji
name: Moseley, Harvey
name: Mukai, Koji
name: Murakami, Hiroshi
name: Murakami, Toshio
name: Mushotzky, Richard
name: Nagino, Ryo
name: Nakagawa, Takao
name: Nakajima, Hiroshi
name: Nakamori, Takeshi
name: Nakano, Toshio
name: Nakashima, Shinya
name: Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
name: Nobukawa, Masayoshi
name: Noda, Hirofumi
name: Nomachi, Masaharu
name: O'Dell, Steve
name: Odaka, Hirokazu
name: Ohashi, Takaya
name: Ohno, Masanori
name: Okajima, Takashi
name: Ota, Naomi
name: Ozaki, Masanobu
name: Paerels, Frits
name: Paltani, Stephane
name: Parmar, Arvind
name: Petre, Robert
name: Pinto, Ciro
name: Pohl, Martin
name: Porter, F. Scott
name: Pottschmidt, Katja
name: Ramsey, Brian
name: Reynolds, Christopher
name: Russell, Helen
name: Safi-Harb, Samar
name: Saito, Shinya
name: Sakai, Kazuhiro
name: Sameshima, Hiroaki
name: Sato, Goro
name: Sato, Kosuke
name: Sato, Rie
name: Sawada, Makoto
name: Schartel, Norbert
name: Serlemitsos, Peter
name: Seta, Hiromi
name: Shidatsu, Megumi
name: Simionescu, Aurora
name: Smith, Randall
name: Soong, Yang
name: Stawarz, Lukasz
name: Sugawara, Yasuharu
name: Sugita, Satoshi
name: Szymkowiak, Andrew
name: Tajima, Hiroyasu
name: Takahashi, Hiromitsu
name: Takahashi, Tadayuki
name: Takeda, Shin'ichiro
name: Takei, Yoh
name: Tamagawa, Toru
name: Tamura, Keisuke
name: Tamura, Takayuki
name: Tanaka, Takaaki
name: Tanaka, Yasuo
name: Tanaka, Yasuyuki
name: Tashiro, Makoto
name: Tawara, Yuzuru
name: Terada, Yukikatsu
name: Terashima, Yuichi
name: Tombesi, Francesco
name: Tomida, Hiroshi
name: Tsuboi, Yohko
name: Tsujimoto, Masahiro
name: Tsunemi, Hiroshi
name: Tsuru, Takeshi
name: Uchida, Hiroyuki
name: Uchiyama, Hideki
name: Uchiyama, Yasunobu
name: Ueda, Shutaro
name: Ueda, Yoshihiro
name: Ueno, Shiro
name: Uno, Shin'ichiro
name: Urry, Meg
name: Ursino, Eugenio
name: de Vries, Cor
name: Watanabe, Shin
name: Werner, Norbert
name: Wik, Daniel
name: Wilkins, Dan
name: Williams, Brian
name: Yamada, Shinya
name: Yamaguchi, Hiroya
name: Yamaok, Kazutaka
name: Yamasaki, Noriko Y.
name: Yamauchi, Makoto
name: Yamauchi, Shigeo
name: Yaqoob, Tahir
name: Yatsu, Yoichi
name: Yonetoku, Daisuke
name: Yoshida, Atsumasa
name: Yuasa, Takayuki
name: Zhuravleva, Irina
name: Zoghbi, Abderahmen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clusters of galaxies are the most massive gravitationally-bound objects in the Universe and are still forming. They are thus important probes of cosmological parameters and a host of astrophysical processes. Knowledge of the dynamics of the pervasive hot gas, which dominates in mass over stars in a cluster, is a crucial missing ingredient. It can enable new insights into mechanical energy injection by the central supermassive black hole and the use of hydrostatic equilibrium for the determination of cluster masses. X-rays from the core of the Perseus cluster are emitted by the 50 million K diffuse hot plasma filling its gravitational potential well. The Active Galactic Nucleus of the central galaxy NGC1275 is pumping jetted energy into the surrounding intracluster medium, creating buoyant bubbles filled with relativistic plasma. These likely induce motions in the intracluster medium and heat the inner gas preventing runaway radiative cooling; a process known as Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback. Here we report on Hitomi X-ray observations of the Perseus cluster core, which reveal a remarkably quiescent atmosphere where the gas has a line-of-sight velocity dispersion of 164+/-10 km/s in a region 30-60 kpc from the central nucleus. A gradient in the line-of-sight velocity of 150+/-70 km/s is found across the 60 kpc image of the cluster core. Turbulent pressure support in the gas is 4% or less of the thermodynamic pressure, with large scale shear at most doubling that estimate. We infer that total cluster masses determined from hydrostatic equilibrium in the central regions need little correction for turbulent pressure.
description: 31 pages, 11 Figs, published in Nature July 8