cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generalized Relativistic Chapman-Enskog Solution of the Boltzmann Equation
Creators: name: Garcia-Perciante, A. L.
name: Sandoval-Villalbazo, A.
name: Garcia-Colin, L. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Chapman-Enskog method of solution of the relativistic Boltzmann equation is generalized in order to admit a time-derivative term associated to a thermodynamic force in its first order solution. Both existence and uniqueness of such a solution are proved based on the standard theory of integral equations. The mathematical implications of the generalization here introduced are thoroughly discussed regarding the nature of heat as chaotic energy transfer in the context of relativity theory.
description: 12 pages, no figures
Tuning the quantum tunneling and quantum information properties among the trion states in coupled quantum dots
Creators: name: Wen, Y. B.
name: Yan, W. -X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum transition and information properties of the Coulomb coupled trion (electron-electron-hole) in the double quantum dots under the influence of the time-dependent electric field have been studied. Tuning the Hubbard interaction strength amongst the states of electron-hole complexes and the parameters of the ac field, two strikingly different kinds of approximate qubit can be constructed within the eight trion states. The similarity and difference between the electron dynamic entanglement and overlapping of the wavefunction with the Bell state have been elucidated through analyzing these two kinds of qubit.
description: 10 figures, 16pages
Toroidal Orientifolds in IIA with General NS-NS Fluxes
Creators: name: Ihl, Matthias
name: Robbins, Daniel
name: Wrase, Timm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type IIA toroidal orientifolds offer a promising toolkit for model builders, especially when one includes not only the usual fluxes from NS-NS and R-R field strengths, but also fluxes that are T-dual to the NS-NS three-form flux. These new ingredients are known as metric fluxes and non-geometric fluxes, and can help stabilize moduli or can lead to other new features. In this paper we study two approaches to these constructions, by effective field theory or by toroidal fibers twisted over a toroidal base. Each approach leads us to important observations, in particular the presence of D-terms in the four-dimensional effective potential in some cases, and a more subtle treatment of the quantization of the general NS-NS fluxes. Though our methods are general, we illustrate each approach on the example of an orientifold of T^6/Z_4.
description: 59 pages, references added
About AZUR'S "3G30-advanced" Space Solar Cell and Next Generation Product with 35% Efficiency
Creators: name: Strobl, G.F.X.
name: Fuhrmann, D.
name: Guter, W.
name: Khorenko, V.
name: Köstler, W.
name: Meusel, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Solar Cells, Modules and PV Systems for Space Applications

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 104-108
description: AZUR SPACE is presently qualifying its 30%-class space solar cell 3G30-advanced according to
ECSS-E-ST-20-08C. This cell is the final version of the lattice-matched GaInP/GaInAs/Ge cell architecture. The
average BOL efficiency of the qualification lot surpasses the target value of 29.5%. Pre-qualification data concerning
1 MeV electron irradiation show efficiencies of 27.8% after 5E14 (EOL) and 26.5% after 1E15 electrons per cm
indicating the highest EOL efficiency of any product available. Besides the standard size of 8x4 cm (with cropped
corners) larger sizes such as 8x8 and 12x6 cm are also available and provide equal performance.
-junction architectures promising an efficiency increase
from 30% to 35% at BOL and from 28% to 30% at EOL. Investigated cell concepts include metamorphic growth,
inverted designs, multi-quantum well structures and InGaNAs based cells.
SEMI International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaics (ITRPV) – Challenges in c-Si Technology for Suppliers and Manufacturers
Creators: name: Fischer, M.
name: Metz, A.
name: Raithel, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 527-532
description: The photovoltaic (PV) industry has to provide power generation products that are competitive to conventional and other renewable sources of energy. A technology roadmap helps to identify trends and to define requirements for necessary improvements. Significant parameters along the crystalline Silicon (c-Si) PV value chain are discussed in this work with respect to commercially available solutions. A cost of ownership consideration for c-Si crystallisation, wafering, cell and module manufacturing reveals that the current drop of poly-Si prices to ≈20 $/kg puts the focus back on technology improvements that increase module output power by a more efficient use of all materials including Silicon. New technologies have to be implemented without significantly increasing cost per piece and despite necessary more complex manufacturing processes. The historic learning rate of about 21% can be maintained over the next years by introducing new double side contacted cell concepts with improved Si-wafers, improved cell front side, improved cell rear side and improved module technologies. This will result by 2020 in modules with an average output power of about 300Wp (60 cell modules). The combination of increased cell and module performance in conjunction with significantly reduced manufacturing costs will secure the long-term competitiveness of PV power generation.
South Africa's Agricultural Economy in Brief
Creators: name: Moncure, Robert C.
name: Moncure, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts from the report: The area of the Republic of South Africa is 472,000 square miles or 302 million acres, about one-sixth the size of the United States. Nearly 90 percent of the area is low-rainfall livestock range country used for sheep, cattle, African and Angora goats, and African nonwool sheep. About 10 percent (30 million acres) is in field and fruit crops. The present irrigated acreage is 1.5 million acres, with an eventual goal of 2.5 million. South Africa produces a wide range of temperate and subtropical agricultural products similar to the American Southwest, California, and northern Mexico. It is Africa's largest producer of livestock and dairy products, sugar, corn, wool, pineapples, citrus, and deciduous fruits. It is self-sufficient in most agricultural products, growing more than 95 percent of the food consumed. Outstanding deficit commodities are cotton, tallow, tea, rice, and wheat. The country produces only one-third of its cotton needs.
From Hand-Perspective Visual Information to Grasp Type Probabilities: Deep Learning via Ranking Labels
Creators: name: Han, Mo
name: Günay, Sezen Ya{ğ}mur
name: Yıldız, İlkay
name: Bonato, Paolo
name: Onal, Cagdas D.
name: Padır, Taşkın
name: Schirner, Gunar
name: Erdo{ğ}muş, Deniz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Limb deficiency severely affects the daily lives of amputees and drives efforts to provide functional robotic prosthetic hands to compensate this deprivation. Convolutional neural network-based computer vision control of the prosthetic hand has received increased attention as a method to replace or complement physiological signals due to its reliability by training visual information to predict the hand gesture. Mounting a camera into the palm of a prosthetic hand is proved to be a promising approach to collect visual data. However, the grasp type labelled from the eye and hand perspective may differ as object shapes are not always symmetric. Thus, to represent this difference in a realistic way, we employed a dataset containing synchronous images from eye- and hand- view, where the hand-perspective images are used for training while the eye-view images are only for manual labelling. Electromyogram (EMG) activity and movement kinematics data from the upper arm are also collected for multi-modal information fusion in future work. Moreover, in order to include human-in-the-loop control and combine the computer vision with physiological signal inputs, instead of making absolute positive or negative predictions, we build a novel probabilistic classifier according to the Plackett-Luce model. To predict the probability distribution over grasps, we exploit the statistical model over label rankings to solve the permutation domain problems via a maximum likelihood estimation, utilizing the manually ranked lists of grasps as a new form of label. We indicate that the proposed model is applicable to the most popular and productive convolutional neural network frameworks.
Solar Generator Technology for Mercury and Solar Missions
Creators: name: Zimmermann, C.G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Solar Cells, Modules and PV Systems for Space Applications

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 109-115
description: Although high intensity, high temperature (HIHT) missions to the inner part of the solar system can still be powered by passively cooled solar arrays in the conventional deployable rigid panel configuration, they demand modifications of the structures, the mechanisms and the photovoltaic assembly (PVA). Focusing on the PVA and on the HIHT environment of the BepiColombo mission to Mercury, an extensive test program revealed three different HIHT degradation mechanism: i) an ultra violet (UV) light induced environmental attack of the cell edge driven by silicones, ii) gridfinger failure due to the extreme thermal stresses at eclipse exit and iii) a self-destructive hot spot phenomenon upon illumination with the air mass zero (AM0) spectrum at high temperature. An overview of the degradation mechanisms and the solutions developed in all three areas will be given. The subsequent PVA qualification will in particular comprise long duration UV as well as complete AM0 testing. For the AM0 testing, a setup that can expose a large number of cells simultaneously to 11 solar constants of the full sun spectrum has been developed and is currently verified. UV testing has already covered 4000 actual test hours, with a performance degradation of less than 2%.
Bayesian Updating Rules in Continuous Opinion Dynamics Models
Creators: name: Martins, Andre C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, I investigate the use of Bayesian updating rules applied to modeling social agents in the case of continuos opinions models. Given another agent statement about the continuous value of a variable $x$, we will see that interesting dynamics emerge when an agent assigns a likelihood to that value that is a mixture of a Gaussian and a Uniform distribution. This represents the idea the other agent might have no idea about what he is talking about. The effect of updating only the first moments of the distribution will be studied. and we will see that this generates results similar to those of the Bounded Confidence models. By also updating the second moment, several different opinions always survive in the long run. However, depending on the probability of error and initial uncertainty, those opinions might be clustered around a central value.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, presented at SigmaPhi2008
Colorectal Cancer Screening: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Possible Consequences
Creators: name: Harber, Isabelle
name: Zeidan, Dania
name: Aslam, Muhammad N
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2021

description: Colonoscopy procedure has been the key screening method to detect colorectal cancer (CRC). As a fatal disease, CRC needs early detection. The COVID-19 pandemic caused screening tests (colonoscopy) to be halted and delayed. As a result, there could be dire consequences such as later-stage or missed diagnosis or greater mortality. This report will analyze scientific literature pertaining to interrupted CRC screenings due to COVID-19 while drawing historical parallels from the 1918 flu pandemic. We conducted literature searches in the PubMed database as well as in Google Scholar. One of the main lessons learned from the 1918 flu pandemic was to employ social distancing to stop the spread of the virus. So, the global response at the start and peak of the COVID-19 pandemic was decreased hospital visits for any non-emergency cases. That led to a halt and delays in cancer (including CRC) screenings. The Medical community predicted this lag will cause more CRC cases and deaths in the future. However, reorganizing and changing screening method strategies were helpful during the ongoing pandemic. In conclusion, COVID-19 greatly affected CRC screening, including how we view the future of CRC screening. We can learn from this prospect to better prepare for future pandemics or other public health crises.
Status and Progress in Dye Sensitized  Solar Cells
Creators: name: Grätzel, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Organic-based PV

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2158-2162
description: Solar cells using dyes or semiconducting nano-particles as light harvesters supported by mesoscopic
oxide films have emerged as credible contenders to conventional p-n junction photovoltaic devices. Separating light
absorption from charge carrier transport, dye sensitized mesoscopic solar cells (DSCs) were the first to use a threedimensional
nanocrystalline junction for solar electricity production. The standard AM 1.5 solar to electric power
conversion efficiency (PCE) has reached 12.9% for laboratory cells and 9.9 % for PV modules. Under ambient and
indoor light conditions PCE values up to 26 % have been reached, outperforming silicon based solar cells by a large
margin. These features along with excellent long-term stability have fostered first commercial applications, the
industrial production of DSC’s attaining presently the MW/year scale. Very exciting results have recently been
obtained with perovskites and quantum dot particles as light harvesters, which forebodes well for further substantial
efficiency gains in this new type of solid state mesoscopic solar cells
Comparative study of post pneumonectomy compensatory lung response in growing male and female rats
Creators: name: Singh, Sekhon Harmanjatinder
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats matched for litter and body weight, were subjected to left pneumonectomy and sham operations at four weeks of age. Three weeks following surgery, rats were sacrificed, and somatic and lung growth, pressure-volume curves, biochemical, and morphometric parameters were measured. Females weighed 48% less than males at the end of the experiment. Somatic growth of neither sex was effected by pneumonectomy. Following pneumonectomy, lung weight and lung volume increased significantly and matched that of both lungs of the sham-operated group in both sexes. The absolute amount of DNA and protein content also increased but was significantly less than that of both lungs of shams. Since females weighed less, absolute lung weight, lung volume, DNA and protein content increased more in males but specific parameters (i. e. values/ 100 g body weight) increased significantly less compared to females. This occurred because specific lung weight and volume decreased with increasing body weight. Mean linear intercept and mean chord length of alveoli were increased. Alveolar surface area increased by 51% in males and 31% in females, and matched that of both lungs of shams in males but not in females. The total number of alveoli increased 15% and 18% in males and females respectively and was significantly less compared to both lungs of shams in both sexes. After pneumonectomy, the post-caval lobe increased in volume 70% and 73% in males and females respectively as compared to a 60% and 47% increase in total lung volume. The mean linear intercept and mean chord length of alveoli increased less in the upper and lower lobes compared to the middle and post-caval lobes in males as well as in females. The number of alveoli per unit volume decreased more in middle and post-caval lobes compared to the upper and lower lobes in both sexes. In sham-operated male rats the upper and lower lobes had a smaller mean linear intercept and mean chord length of alveoli compared to the post-caval lobe. Postpneumonectomy, loss of elastic lung recoil at mid-volumes was observed in females. It was inferred that compensatory response following pneumonectomy was in general similar in males and females. While there was an evidence of alveolar multiplication, simple dilation of airspaces occurred and this was the dominant effect especially in females. In certain aspects (weight, volume) compensatory growth was complete but in most (DNA. protein, morphometry) was not. Male and female differences could not account for differing results in the literature concerning completeness or otherwise of lung compensatory growth.
Complex X-ray morphology of Abell 3128: A distant cluster behind a disturbed cluster
Creators: name: Werner, N.
name: Churazov, E.
name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Markevitch, M.
name: Burenin, R.
name: Kaastra, J. S.
name: Boehringer, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here the results of a detailed study of the X-ray properties of the cluster of galaxies Abell 3128 (z=0.06), based on the analysis of deep (100 ks) XMM-Newton data. The most obvious feature of the X-ray morphology of A3128 is the presence of two X-ray peaks separated by ~12'. By detecting the redshifted Fe K line, we find that the Northeast (NE) X-ray peak observed toward A3128 is a distant luminous cluster of galaxies at redshift z=0.44. Our subsequent optical spectroscopic observation of a distant radio bright galaxy in the centre of the NE X-ray peak with the Magellan telescope also revealed a redshift of z=0.44, confirming the association of the galaxy with the cluster seen in X-rays. We detect a gravitational arc around the galaxy. The properties of this galaxy indicate that it is the cD galaxy of the cluster in the background. The properties of the Southwest X-ray peak suggest that it is the core of a group merging with A3128 along our line of sight. Based on 2D maps of thermodynamic properties of the intra-cluster medium determined after subtracting a model for the background cluster, we conclude that an enhanced surface brightness region at a distance of ~2.8' from the centre of the galaxy distribution is the centre of the gravitational potential of the cluster A3128. The unrelaxed nature of A3128 can be attributed to its location in the high density environment of the Horologium-Reticulum supercluster.
description: accepted for publication in A&A
Overview of Japanese Solar Cell and Panel Development for Space Applications
Creators: name: Imaizumi, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Solar Cells, Modules and PV Systems for Space Applications

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 116-121
description: JAXA’s approach to realizing a high specific power solar paddle by utilizing thin-film III-V multijunction
solar cells is introduced. Thin-film cells laminated with thin and transparent sustaining materials have been
named a “Space Solar Sheet (SSS).” Development of the first-generation SSS (SSS-1) was completed in 2010. Thinfilm
InGaP/GaAs dual-junction (TF2J) cells are used as solar cells in the SSS-1. The AM0 efficiency of the TF2J
cells is ~25%. Two types of lamination structure for the active side are employed: one uses transparent films, and the
other has a conventional configuration using a coverglass. The specific power of the SSS-1 is 0.4-0.5 W/g.
Characterization and environmental qualification tests have confirmed their space quality and life at more than 5
years in the LEO environment (the film type) and 10 years in the GEO environment (the coverglass type). The
development of lightweight solar panels has been conducted simultaneously. By adopting frames and hinges made of
CFRP tube and aluminum, thin and also lightweight panels are realized. The total thickness of the five stacked panels
is as thin as 7 cm, which provide us very low stowage volume. Studies on diagnosis technologies for subcell
degradation analysis and solar panel inspection are underway.
Factors affecting swimbladder volume in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) held in gas suppersaturated water
Creators: name: Shrimpton, James Mark
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: I examined the response of the rainbow trout. CSalmo gairdneriJ swimbladder bo gas supersaturated water. Cannulas positioned in the swimbladder of fish were connected to a pressure transducer, facilitating direct measurement of swimbladder pressure. Fish held in supersaturated water showed an increase in swimbladder pressure. The response showed a strong dependence on the total gas pressure and the oxygen partial pressure of the water. The minimum level of gas supersaturation observed to cause this response was a ΔP of 27 mmHg CPO₂ = 160 mmHg). Swimbladder pressure increased until gas was forced out the pneumatic duct. The pneumatic duct release pressure is size dependent, with greater pressure required to expel swimbladder gas in smaller fish. The expansion of the swimbladder due to increased pressure causes a decrease in density. The buoyant force created by decreased density is greatest for fish below 10g. These fish seek depth to compensate for swimbladder overinflation.
Four-point interfacial correlation functions in two dimensions. Exact results from field theory and numerical simulations
Creators: name: Squarcini, Alessio
name: Tinti, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive exact analytic results for several four-point correlation functions for statistical models exhibiting phase separation in two-dimensions. Our theoretical results are then specialized to the Ising model on the two-dimensional strip and found to be in excellent agreement with high-precision Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures
Resistivity reduction of boron-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized from a methanol solution containing a boric acid
Creators: name: Ishii, Satoshi
name: Watanabe, Tohru
name: Ueda, Shinya
name: Tsuda, Shunsuke
name: Yamaguchi, Takahide
name: Takano, Yoshihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boron-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were synthesized using a methanol solution of boric acid as a source material. Accurate measurements of the electrical resistivity of an individual boron-doped MWNT was performed with a four-point contact, which was fabricated using an electron beam lithography technique. The doped boron provides conduction carriers, which reduces the resistivity of the MWNT.
description: 3 pages and 4 figures. This article is to be published in Applied Physics Letters
Traceable Performance Characterization of State-of-the-Art PV Devices
Creators: name: Hishikawa, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2954-2960
description: The performance characterization technologies for various photovoltaic (PV) devices are traceable to
upper-level standards based on SI units. Emergence of novel PV devices sometimes requires new consideration and
updating in the characterization technologies. Examples of the state-of-the-art devices such as high-efficiency
crystalline silicon cells, organic devices, and new multi-junction devices are discussed. Distribution of the electric
potential within the surface of the cell, slow temporal response or hysteresis, and various spectral responses of such
devices need to be explicitly taken into account to be able to accurately characterize their performance. PV energy
rating technology includes performance characterization under various irradiance, temperature and spectral
conditions; this is also a significant challenge. Technical issues for further improving the performance measurement
of the novel devices, such as solar simulators, spectral response measurement, and spectroradiometers, are also
discussed.
title: Dell Sharpe Bridge Replacement Walla Walla
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion for the Dell Sharpe Bridge Replacement, Touchet River (HUC 170701020702), Walla Walla County, Washington
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Year: 2022

description: WCRO-2022-00736
Domain Adaptive Egocentric Person Re-identification
Creators: name: Choudhary, Ankit
name: Mishra, Deepak
name: Karmakar, Arnab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Person re-identification (re-ID) in first-person (egocentric) vision is a fairly new and unexplored problem. With the increase of wearable video recording devices, egocentric data becomes readily available, and person re-identification has the potential to benefit greatly from this. However, there is a significant lack of large scale structured egocentric datasets for person re-identification, due to the poor video quality and lack of individuals in most of the recorded content. Although a lot of research has been done in person re-identification based on fixed surveillance cameras, these do not directly benefit egocentric re-ID. Machine learning models trained on the publicly available large scale re-ID datasets cannot be applied to egocentric re-ID due to the dataset bias problem. The proposed algorithm makes use of neural style transfer (NST) that incorporates a variant of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to utilize the benefits of both fixed camera vision and first-person vision. NST generates images having features from both egocentric datasets and fixed camera datasets, that are fed through a VGG-16 network trained on a fixed-camera dataset for feature extraction. These extracted features are then used to re-identify individuals. The fixed camera dataset Market-1501 and the first-person dataset EGO Re-ID are applied for this work and the results are on par with the present re-identification models in the egocentric domain.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, In Proceedings of the Fifth IAPR International Conference on Computer Vision & Image Processing (CVIP), 2020
Carrier concentrations and optical conductivity of a band-inverted semimetal in two and three dimensions
Creators: name: Rukelj, Zoran
name: Akrap, Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we study the single-particle, electronic transport and optical properties of a gapped system described by a simple two-band Hamiltonian with inverted valence bands. We analyze its properties in the three-dimensional (3D) and the two-dimensional (2D) case. The insulating phase changes into a metallic phase when the band gap is set to zero. The metallic phase in the 3D case is characterized by a nodal surface. This nodal surface is equivalent to a nodal ring in two dimensions. Within a simple theoretical framework, we calculate the density of state, the total and effective charge carrier concentration, the Hall concentration and the Hall coefficient, for both 2D and 3D cases. The main result is that the three concentrations always differ from one another in the present model. These concentrations can then be used to resolve the nature of the electronic ground state. Similarly, the optical conductivity is calculated and discussed for the insulating phase. We show that there are no optical excitations in the metallic phase. Finally, we compare the calculated optical conductivity with the rule-of-thumb derivation using the joint density of states.
The Anti-Cloak
Creators: name: Chen, Huanyang
name: Luo, Xudong
name: Ma, Hongru
name: Chan, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A kind of transformation media, which we shall call the "anti-cloak", is proposed to partially defeat the cloaking effect of the invisibility cloak. An object with an outer shell of "anti-cloak" is visible to the outside if it is coated with the invisible cloak. Fourier-Bessel analysis confirms this finding by showing that external electromagnetic wave can penetrate into the interior of the invisibility cloak with the help of the anti-cloak.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Gravitational-wave echoes from spinning exotic compact objects: numerical waveforms from the Teukolsky equation
Creators: name: Xin, Shuo
name: Chen, Baoyi
name: Lo, Rico K. L.
name: Sun, Ling
name: Han, Wen-Biao
name: Zhong, Xingyu
name: Srivastava, Manu
name: Ma, Sizheng
name: Wang, Qingwen
name: Chen, Yanbei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical waveforms of gravitational-wave echoes from spinning exotic compact objects (ECOs) that result from binary black hole coalescence. We obtain these echoes by solving the Teukolsky equation for the $ψ_4$ associated with gravitational waves that propagate toward the horizon of a Kerr spacetime, and process the subsequent reflections of the horizon-going wave by the surface of the ECO, which lies right above the Kerr horizon. The trajectories of the infalling objects are modified from Kerr geodesics, such that the gravitational waves propagating toward future null infinity match those from merging black holes with comparable masses. In this way, the corresponding echoes approximate to those from comparable-mass mergers. For boundary conditions at the ECO surface, we adopt recent work using the membrane paradigm, which relates $ψ_0$ associated with the horizon-going wave and $ψ_4$ of the wave that leaves the ECO surface. We obtain $ψ_0$ of the horizon-going wave from $ψ_4$ using the Teukolsky-Starobinsky relation. The echoes we obtain turn out to be significantly weaker than those from previous studies that generate echo waveforms by modeling the ringdown part of binary black hole coalescence waveforms as originating from the past horizon.
Applications of Wallis Theorem
Creators: name: Bencze, Mihaly
name: Smarandache, Florentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A09

description: In this paper we present theorems and applications of Wallis theorem related to trigonometric integrals.
description: 5 pages
Standards for PV Modules and Components - Recent Developments and Challenges
Creators: name: Wohlgemuth, J.H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Standardisation

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2976-2980
description: International standards play an important role in the Photovoltaic industry. Since PV is such a global
industry it is critical that PV products be measured and qualified the same way everywhere in the world. IEC TC82
has developed and published a number of module and component measurement and qualification standards. These are
continually being updated to take advantage of new techniques and equipment as well as better understanding of test
requirements. Standards presently being updated include the third edition of IEC 61215, Crystalline Silicon
Qualification and the second edition of IEC 61730, PV Module Safety Requirements. New standards under
development include qualification of junction boxes, connectors, PV cables, and module integrated electronics as well
as for testing the packaging used during transport of modules. After many years of effort, a draft standard on Module
Energy Rating should be circulated for review soon. New activities have been undertaken to develop standards for the
materials within a module and to develop tests that evaluate modules for wear-out in the field (International PV
Module QA Task Force). This paper will discuss these efforts and indicate how the audience can participate in
development of international standards.
Quark Mixing from Mass Matrix Model with Flavor 2 (\leftrightarrow) 3 Symmetry
Creators: name: Nishiura, Hiroyuki
name: Matsuda, Koichi
name: Fukuyama, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an universal mass matrix model which has a seesaw-invariant structure with the most general texture based on flavor 2 (\leftrightarrow) 3 symmetry common to all quarks and leptons. The CKM quark mixing matrix of the model is analyzed. It is shown that the model is consistent with all the experimental data of quark mixings by tuning free parameters of the model. We also show that the values of parameters of the present model consistent with the experimental data are not far from the ones of the mass matrix model with a vanishing (1,1) element.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Electrical Characterization of Large Surface Area Semi-Transparent Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Makris, T.
name: Skuras, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2072-2074
description: We present an analysis of electrical data deduced from I-V characteristic curves recorded on large
surface area semi-transparent Si cells fabricated using a novel experimental technique. The semi-transparency is
achieved by laser cutting two-dimensional periodic patterns of ellipses through highly efficient commerciallymanufactured
mono-crystalline Si solar cells with a surface area of 156 x 156 mm2. Analysis of the electrical data
shows that the efficiencies of our fabricated 156 x 156 mm2 semi-transparent cells, with transparencies from
approximately 5% to 10%, vary between 13% and 15% when fabricated from commercially-manufactured standard
mono-crystalline Si cells with efficiencies in the range 17.3% to 18.7%. Most importantly, the analysis explicitly
shows that the efficiency of a semi-transparent cell depends not only on the total surface area of the elements to be
removed by laser cutting but also on the total length of their perimeters.
Impact of Semiconductor Band Tails and Band Filling on Photovoltaic Efficiency Limits
Creators: name: Wong, Joeson
name: Omelchenko, Stefan T.
name: Atwater, Harry A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theoretical maximum efficiency of a solar cell is typically characterized by a detailed balance of optical absorption and emission for a semiconductor in the limit of unity radiative efficiency and an ideal step-function response for the density of states and absorbance at the semiconductor band edges, known as the Shockley-Queisser limit. However, real materials have non-abrupt band edges, which are typically characterized by an exponential distribution of states, known as an Urbach tail. We develop here a modified detailed balance limit of solar cells with imperfect band edges, using optoelectronic reciprocity relations. We find that for semiconductors whose band edges are broader than the thermal energy, kT, there is an effective renormalized bandgap given by the quasi-Fermi level splitting within the solar cell. This renormalized bandgap creates a Stokes shift between the onset of the absorption and photoluminescence emission energies, which significantly reduces the maximum achievable efficiency. The abruptness of the band edge density of states therefore has important implications for the maximum achievable photovoltaic efficiency.
description: manuscript - 18 pages, 4 figures, supporting information - 25 pages, 9 figures
New H2 Jets in Monoceros R2
Creators: name: Hodapp, Klaus W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are presenting a wide-field image of the Mon R2 star forming region obtained with WFCAM on UKIRT in the 2.12 micron filter centered on the H2 1--0 S(1) emission line. We report the discovery of 15 new H2 jets in Mon R2 and two in L 1646 and confirm most of these discoveries using archival Spitzer IRAC 4.5 and 8.0 micron images. We find that many of these protostellar jets are found in projection against the outflow cavities of the huge CO outflow in Mon R2, suggesting that the jets may be associated with an episode of star formation in Mon R2 triggered by this large, but now fossil, outflow. We also study the spatial distribution of small, localized reflection nebulae and find that these are distributed in the same way as photometrically identified Class I sources.
description: 46 pages with 19 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Cost Reduction of Crystalline Silicon Solar Modules by Advanced Manufacturing
Creators: name: Fath, P.
name: Ramakrishnan, A.
name: Roesch, N.
name: Herbst, W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 812-815
description: The market success of photovoltaics (PV) cannot be denied any more and has already passed an annual
installation rate of 30 GW. One of the success factors is the dramatic price decline of PV system cost mainly driven
by the huge price decline of PV panels. The up side of this price decline is that PV generated electricity is becoming
increasingly competitive compared to other electricity generation sources and giving more and more people around
the world access to clean electricity. The downside is that due to the extraordinary module price decline PV panel
manufacturers are facing challenges to achieve production cost that allow to stay competitive. An insight into PV
panel production cost based on an integrated c-Si production line is discussed in this paper. The main cost drivers are
pointed out and further cost reduction via advanced manufacturing will be shown.
Measurements of ${\cal B}(\bar{B}^0 \to Λ_{c}^{+} \bar{p})$ and ${\cal B}(B^- \to Λ_{c}^{+} \bar{p} π^-)$ and Studies of $Λ_{c}^{+}π^-$ Resonances
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an investigation of the decays $\bar{B}^0 \to Λ_{c}^{+} \bar{p}$ and $B^- \to Λ_{c}^{+} \bar{p} π^-$ based on $383\times10^6$ $Υ(4S) \to B\bar{B}$ decays recorded with the BABAR detector. We measure the branching fractions of these decays; their ratio is ${\cal B}(B^- \to Λ_{c}^{+} \bar{p} π^-) / {\cal B}(\bar{B}^0 \to Λ_{c}^{+} \bar{p}) = 15.4 \pm 1.8 \pm 0.3$. The $B^- \to Λ_{c}^{+} \bar{p} π^-$ process exhibits an enhancement at the $Λ_{c}^{+} \bar{p}$ threshold and is a laboratory for searches for excited charm baryon states. We observe the resonant decays $\bar{B}^- \to Σ_{c}(2455)^{0} \bar{p}$ and $B^- \to Σ_{c}(2800)^{0} \bar{p}$ but see no evidence for $B^- \to Σ_{c}(2520)^{0} \baver{p}$. This is the first observation of the decay $B^- \to Σ_{c}(2800)^{0} \bar{p}$; however, the mass of the observed excited $Σ_{c}^{0}$ state is $(2846\pm8\pm10)MeV/c^2$, which is somewhat inconsistent with previous measurements. Finally, we examine the angular distribution of the $B^- \to Σ_{c}(2455)^{0} \bar{p}$ decays and measure the spin of the $Σ_{c}(2455)^{0}$ baryon to be 1/2, as predicted by the quark model.
description: 20 pages, 11 postscript figures, published in Physical Review D
Radio stars of the SKA
Creators: name: Yu, Bin
name: Zijlstra, Albert
name: Jiang, Biwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio emission from stars can be used, e.g., to study ionized winds or stellar flares. The radio emission is faint and studies have been limited to few objects. The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) will bring a survey ability to the topic of radio stars. In this paper we investigate what the SKA can detect, and what sensitivity will be required for deep surveys of the stellar Milky Way. We focus on the radio emission from OB stars, Be stars, flares from M dwarfs, and Ultra Compact HII regions. The stellar distribution in the Milky Way is simulated using the Besancon model, and various relations are used to predict their radio flux. We find that the full SKA will easily detect all UltraCompact HII regions. At the limit of 10 nJy at 5 GHz, the SKA can detect 1500 Be stars and 50 OB stars per square degree, out to several kpc. It can also detect flares from 4500 M dwarfs per square degree. At 100 nJy the numbers become about 8 times smaller. SKA surveys of the Galactic plane should be designed for high sensitivity. Deep imaging should consider the significant number of faint flares in the field, even outside the plane of the Milky Way.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures
Adoption and Socio-Economic Impacts of the Pre-Harvest Disease Management Technology for Carabao Mango in the Philippines
Creators: name: ELauria, Marilyn M.
name: Manilay, Alessandro A.
name: Abrigo, Girlie Nora A.
name: ELauria, Marilyn M.
name: Manilay, Alessandro A.
name: Abrigo, Girlie Nora A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: adoption pathway
subject: need-based fungicide spraying
subject: bagging
subject: impact assessment

description: This study was conducted to determine the adoption and socio-economic impacts of the pre–harvest disease management project on anthracnose and stem-end rot control and production cost reduction through need-based fungicide spraying and fruit bagging funded by PCAARRD. Results of the survey of 141 mango farm owners, share-holders and mango contractors in various provinces of the Philippines show that 69% of the respondents fully adopted need-based spraying and fruit bagging while 26% adopted either need-based spraying or bagging. The rest of the mango growers totally refrained from using these techniques in their operations since they do not aim to sell their produce on a commercial scale. The project benefited the Carabao mango industry in terms of increased yield and reduced post–harvest losses. The benefit-cost analysis showed that the return to R&D investment and mango growers’ production costs amounted to more than 100% which is much higher than the opportunity cost of money (12%). For the social impacts, 82% of the full adopters and 86% of partial adopters reported that their level of living improved after the adoption of the technology. The benefits to the industry could still increase if more mango growers adopt the technology. There is a need to further promote the technology in other mango producing areas in the country.
Luminosity Function Constraints on the Evolution of Massive Red Galaxies Since z~0.9
Creators: name: Cool, Richard J.
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
name: Fan, Xiaohui
name: Fukugita, Masataka
name: Jiang, Linhua
name: Maraston, Claudia
name: Meiksin, Avery
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Wake, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the evolution of the luminous red galaxy (LRG) luminosity function in the redshift range 0.13L*) red galaxies have grown by less than 50% (at 99% confidence), since z=0.9, in stark contrast to the factor of 2-4 growth observed in the L* red galaxy population over the same epoch. We also investigate the evolution of the average LRG spectrum since z~0.9 and find the high-redshift composite to be well-described as a passively evolving example of the composite galaxy observed at low-redshift. From spectral fits to the composite spectra, we find at most 5% of the stellar mass in massive red galaxies may have formed within 1Gyr of z=0.9. While L* red galaxies are clearly assembled at z<1, 3L* galaxies appear to be largely in place and evolve little beyond the passive evolution of their stellar populations over the last half of cosmic history.
description: 19 pages, 19 figures, 7 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ
Measurement of $B \to X γ$ Decays and Determination of $|V_{td}/V_{ts}|$
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a sample of 383 million $B\bar{B}$ events collected by the $BaBar$ experiment, we measure sums of seven exclusive final states $B\to X_{d(s)}γ$, where $X_d$($X_s$) is a non-strange (strange) charmless hadronic system in the mass range $0.6-1.8$ GeV$/c^2$. After correcting for unmeasured decay modes in this mass range, we obtain a branching fraction for $b \to d γ$ of $(7.2\pm 2.7(stat.)\pm 2.3(syst.))\times 10^{-6}$. Taking the ratio of $X_d$ to $X_s$ we find $Γ(b \to d γ)/Γ(b \to s γ) = 0.033 \pm 0.013 (stat.) \pm 0.009 (syst.),$ from which we determine $|V_{td}/V_{ts}|=0.177\pm 0.043$.
description: 7 pages, 2 postscript figures, submitted to PRL, contributed to ICHEP2008. Update: changed BABAR-CONF-08/035 to BABAR-PUB-08/035
Keynote Presentation: Harvesting Sunshine: Solar Cells, Photosynthesis and the Thermodynamics of Light
Creators: name: Markvart, T.
name: Danos, L.
name: Alderman, N.
name: Parel, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Material Studies

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1-6
description: Effective capture of sunlight represents one of the grand challenges of photovoltaics today. This paper
looks at the opportunities that exist, at the fundamental level, to manage light as the first step of photovoltaic
conversion; in particular, how photonics can improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of solar cells. Starting from
the current view of light trapping we shall introduce an additional variable: photon frequency. The example of
fluorescent collectors will be used to discuss the principal features of frequency management, leading to a novel form
of light trapping and, ultimately, the photonic bandgap solar cell. The discussion will be guided by arguments based
on thermodynamics to describe photon transformation as part of the absorption / emission / conversion process. By
drawing parallels with the capture of light in photosynthetic organisms we shall briefly discuss another important
aspect: light harvesting energy collection, and the oportunity this represents for reducing the materials usage in future
generations of solar cells.