Pyrops effusus
Creators: name: Constant, Jérôme
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Fulgoridae
Pyrops
Pyrops effusus

description: Pyrops effusus (Distant, 1891)
Figs 2 A–E, 6–7A–C, 10A, C–F
Fulgora effusa Distant, 1891: 518, pl. XX, figs 4, 4a (Type in NHM) [described, illustrated and compared with P. whiteheadi (Distant, 1889)].
Fulgora viridicastanea Baker, 1925: 359, pl. 3, fig. 5, pl. 4 fig. 8 (Type in USNM) [described, illustrated and compared with P. whiteheadi erroneously mentioned and illustrated as “ Fulgora effusa ”]. Synonymized under P. effusus by Nagai & Porion (2004).
Fulgora effusa – Schmidt 1905: 349 [comparative note with other species]; 354 [mention of a specimen in the Stettiner Museum]. — Lallemand 1963: 88 [synonymized under whiteheadi (erroneous)]. — Liang 1998: 45 [listed as junior synonym of P. whiteheadi (erroneous)].
Pyrops effusa (sic!) – Schmidt 1926: 47 [transferred to Pyrops; compared with P. peltzeri Schmidt, 1926, the latter synonymized under P. pythicus (Distant, 1891) by Lallemand (1963)]. — Nagai & Porion 1996: 26 [transferred back to Pyrops; catalogued as junior synonym of P. whiteheadi (erroneous)], pl. 11, fig. 163 [type of P. effusus illustrated under the name of P. whiteheadi]. — Nagai & Porion 2004: 6 [removal from synonymy with P. whiteheadi; notes on morphology; senior synonym of P. viridicastaneus and distribution], pl. 1, figs 2, 4 [illustrated from 2 localities].
Laternaria effusa – Metcalf 1947: 196 [transferred to Laternaria; catalogued]. — Liang 1998: 45 [listed as junior synonym of P. whiteheadi (erroneous)].
Laternaria viridicastanea – Metcalf 1947: 207 [transferred to Laternaria; catalogued]. — Liang 1998: 45 [listed as junior synonym of P. whiteheadi (erroneous)].
Fulgora viridicastanea – Lallemand 1963: 88 [synonymized under P. whiteheadi (erroneous) and compared with P. whiteheadi and P. effusus; transferred back to Fulgora (erroneous)]. — Liang 1998: 45 [listed as junior synonym of P. whiteheadi (erroneous)].
Fulgora whiteheadi – Lallemand 1963: 88, pl. X, figs 11–13 [keyed, comments illustration of male genitalia (based on misidentified specimens of P. effusus)].
Fulgora whiteheadi viridicastanea – Satô & Nagai 1994 [considered as a subspecies of P. whiteheadi (erroneous) and compared with “ Fulgora whiteheadi gunjii ”].
Pyrops viridicastanea – Nagai & Porion 1996: 26 [transferred back to Pyrops; catalogued as junior synonym of P. whiteheadi (erroneous)]. — Nagai & Porion 2004: 6 [synonymized under P. effusus, notes].
Pyrops whiteheadi (Distant, 1889) – Nagai & Porion 1996, pl. 11, fig. 163 [illustration of the type of P. effusus (Distant, 1891)].
non Fulgora effusa – Baker 1925: 359, pl. 3, fig. 4, pl. 4, fig. 7 [described, illustrated (misidentification of Pyrops whiteheadi)].
Diagnosis
In addition to the characters defining the effusus group, the species can be recognized by: (1) head yellow-brown with apical half of cephalic process blue (often faded to greenish in collection specimens) (Fig. 2 D–E); (2) pro- and mesonotum yellow-brown (Fig. 2A); (3) tegmina green with yellow spots also beyond nodal line; on basal half, spots tranverse and sometimes coalescent (Fig. 2A); (4) tegmina without large pale yellow patch at nodal line and apical margin slightly infuscate (Fig. 2A).
Material examined
Type material
INDONESIA: Holotype of Fulgora effusa (examined on photographs), ♂: [Borneo] [effusa Dist.] [Distant Coll. 1911 —383.] (BMNH).
INDONESIA: Holotype of Fulgora viridicastanea (examined on photographs, Fig. 10 C–F), ♀: [Banjermassin, Borneo] [Fulgora viridicastanea Baker] (USNM).
Additional material
INDONESIA: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀: Kalimantan, Batulicin, Apr. 2008 (RBINS); 2 ♂♂: Laut Island, Jan. 2008 (RBINS); 1 ♀, Laut Island, Jun. 2004 (RBINS); 1 ♂, E-Borneo, Midden, 10 Oct. 1925, H.C. Siebers (FSAG); 1 ♂, idem, 4 Oct. 1925 (FSAG); 1 ♂, SE Borneo, Atkinson coll. (BMNH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Borneo, 1909 (BMNH); 1 ♀, North Borneo (BMNH).
Examined on photograph
INDONESIA: 1 specimen (Fig. 10A), Kalimantan, Wehea Protected Forest, 25 Sep. 2010, Kara Norby.
Measurements and ratios
TL: ♂ (n = 4): 35.1 mm (34.3–36.0); ♀ (n = 2): 40.2 mm (40.0–40.5); TL+process: ♂ (n = 4): 42.5 mm (41.0–43.2); ♀ (n = 2): 46.7 mm (46.4–47.0); LTg/BTg = 2.33; BF/BPrH = 3.0; LPr/LF = 2.18; LPr/ BPrH = 6.92.
Male genitalia
Pygofer and anal tube dark brown; gonostyli brown, paler dorsally and dark brown basoventrally. Pygofer higher than long, with posterior margin sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 7A). Anal tube slightly elongate, 1.20 times as long as broad, broader at 2/3 of total length (Fig. 7 A–B); lateral margins slightly sinuate (Fig. 7B) and apical margin strongly notched in dorsal view (Fig. 7B). Gonostyli (Fig. 7A) elongate with posterior margin broadly rounded (Fig. 7A, C).
Distribution
Known from Borneo, South Kalimantan and southern East Kalimantan, and Laut Island (Fig. 6).
Biology
No host tree has been identified for this species, for which records are available for the months January, April, June, September and October.
Note
Nagai & Porion (2004) mentioned the existence of 2 types of specimens showing (1) strongly and (2) weakly contrasted colour of the tegmina and illustrated both (Nagai & Porion 2004: figs 2, 4). They mentioned the strongly contrasted ones from Laut Island and Kutai, and the weakly contrasted ones from Loksado (confirmed by the examination of the specimens in MHNL collections by H. Labrique, pers. comm. Mar. 2015). Since then strongly contrasted specimens were found in several locations on Borneo and weakly contrasted ones on Laut Island, which seems to confirm that they occur together. The occurrence of pale and dark forms in the same species was already known from other species of Pyrops, e.g., P. sultanus (Adams & White, 1847) (see also Nagai & Porion 1996: figs 189, 191), and P. lathburii (Kirby, 1818) (see also Nagai & Porion 1996: figs 194, 196, 198).
description: Published as part of Constant, Jérôme, 2015, Review of the effusus group of the Lanternfly genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839, with one new species and notes on trophobiosis (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae), pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 128 on pages 6-9, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2015.128, http://zenodo.org/record/3785153