cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
DIVERSIFICATION VERSUS SPECIALIZATION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE OPTIMAL STRUCTURE OF EUROPEAN DAIRY FARMS
Creators: name: Wimmer, Stefan G
name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Wimmer, Stefan G
name: Sauer, Johannes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Cost function
subject: dairy farms
subject: economies of scale and scope
subject: farm size
subject: structural change

description: This work aims to empirically evaluate economies of scale and scope in the Bavarian dairy sector, representing dairy farms in many other regions of the European Union. Against the background of structural change with the development towards fewer and larger farms, economies of scale and scope are of particular interest because they give an indication about the optimal farm structure. Increasing price volatility and an adverse development of the inputoutput price ratio have put economic pressure on the agricultural sector. Therefore, there is a strong need to improve farm competitiveness. In this study, a multiple-output quadratic cost function framework is applied to a sample of Bavarian dairy farms covering the years between 2006 and 2014. The results show that Bavarian farms experience overall economies of scale of 1.55, indicating that they are too small from a technological point of view. As expected, economies of scale decrease with farm size, but even the largest farms in the sample operate at increasing returns to scale. Furthermore, considerable economies of scope are evident. The average farm in the sample achieves cost savings of 77 per cent when milk, crop, and livestock are jointly produced compared to a separate production. Furthermore, economies of scope decrease with farm size, indicating that small farms benefit to a greater extent from diversification than large farms. If policy aims to slow down the structural change and to protect traditional family farms, it is recommended to promote farm diversification.
Additional file 10: of Genetic architecture of grain yield in bread wheat based on genome-wide association studies
Creators: name: Li, Faji
name: Wen, Weie
name: Liu, Jindong
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Cao, Shuanghe
name: He, Zhonghu
name: Rasheed, Awais
name: Jin, Hui
name: Zhang, Chi
name: Yan, Jun
name: Zhang, Pingzhi
name: Wan, Yingxiu
name: Xia, Xianchun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Figure S4. Manhattan plots for grain yield and related traits in each environment and BLUE value in the diverse panel based on Haplotype-GWAS. See footnote to Fig. S3 for traits and experimental sites. (DOCX 13093 kb)
DEREGULATION AND PRODUCTIVITY – EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON DAIRY PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Frick, Fabian
name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Frick, Fabian
name: Sauer, Johannes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Productivity
subject: EU Milk Quota

description: We investigate development of productivity and its relation to resource reallocation effects in the dairy sector in South-East Germany during the phase-out of the EU milk quota. We use a dataset containing dairy farm accounting data of 15 years. Farm-level productivity is estimated by applying a proxy approach recently discussed in the literature and compared to other estimation approaches and an index analysis. After aggregation we decompose sector productivity into unweighted mean productivity and a covariance term quantifying the allocation of production resources towards more productive farms. We observe an increase in the covariance term coinciding with a period of rather volatile milk prices. Therefore, we hypothesize that reallocation of production resources are triggered by extreme prices possibly powered by market deregulation. We seek to find support for this hypothesis in a regression analysis linking the covariance term and price variability. However, we find only little support for our hypothesis in this analysis.
USING ECONOMETRIC MODELS TO ANALYSE THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF OIL PUMPKIN CULTIVATION IN AUSTRIA
Creators: name: Niedermayr, Andreas
name: Kapfer, Martin
name: Kantelhardt, Jochen
name: Niedermayr, Andreas
name: Kapfer, Martin
name: Kantelhardt, Jochen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Styrian Pumpkin Seed Oil
subject: PGI
subject: Austria
subject: spatial econometrics
subject: SLX model

description: The liberalisation and globalisation of agricultural markets, has led to a shift of the EU common agricultural policy from quantity based to quality based policies and is accompanied by diversification of agricultural production in the European Union. For policy makers it is therefore relevant to better understand the drivers that influence the adoption and spatial distribution of emerging alternative practices and commodities in agriculture. Taking the Styrian Oil Pumpkin as an example, the aim of this study is to quantify the drivers of spatial variations in the cultivation of an emerging alternative crop. We estimate different econometric models, drawing on cross sectional data of the year 2010 of 549 municipalities in the Styrian Oil Pumpkin PGI area. Our findings indicate that (i) crop specific factors, (ii) region specific factors and (iii) spatial interdependencies influence spatial variations in oil pumpkin cultivated area and conclude that these factors also need to be considered for the promotion of other emerging alternative practices and commodities in agriculture.
Phyllophaga nitida
Creators: name: Freese, Edwin L.
name: Veal, Doug A.
name: Lago, Paul K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melolonthidae
Phyllophaga
Phyllophaga nitida

description: Phyllophaga nitida (LeConte, 1856)
Wickham 1911; Jaques 1928; Travis 1934; ISIC; IWUC; ELFC; DAVC.
Collection dates: May–July.
Collected at light.
Travis (1934) reported 26 specimens collected from Iowa indicating the species was rare in the state.
Specimen label data: Farmersburg, Clayton Co., Iowa, 29 May 1914 [2], R.L.W. and J.J. D. (ISIC); Hampton, Franklin Co., Iowa, 22 June 1932, B. V. Travis (ISIC); Kossuth Co., Iowa, 25 June 1933, Jaques (IWUC); Brush Creek Canyon, Fayette Co., Iowa, 11 May 2004, UV light, ELF (ELFC); Yellow River Forest, Allamakee Co., Iowa, 20 May 2004, UV light, ELF (ELFC).
County records (Figure 144): Allamakee, Bremer, Clayton, Decatur, Dickinson, Fayette, Floyd, Franklin, Henry, Kossuth, Story, Wapello.
description: Published as part of Freese, Edwin L., Veal, Doug A. & Lago, Paul K., 2020, The Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Iowa: An annotated checklist, pp. 1-83 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (787) on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353792
SPATIAL INTEGRATION OF WHEAT MARKETS IN THE REGIONS OF SOUTH CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA: EVIDENCE FROM ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, GEORGIA AND KYRGYZSTAN
Creators: name: Svanidze, Miranda
name: Götz, Linde
name: Djuric, Ivan
name: Ilyasov, Jarilkasin
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Svanidze, Miranda
name: Götz, Linde
name: Djuric, Ivan
name: Ilyasov, Jarilkasin
name: Glauben, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Food security
subject: wheat price transmission
subject: trade costs
subject: Central Asia
subject: South Caucasus.

description: Efficient functioning of grain markets is an important component of food security in South Caucasus and Central Asia. Wheat provides almost half of total daily calories in those food-insecure countries. We examine the degree of integration of South Caucasian and Central Asian wheat markets with world wheat markets employing linear and threshold cointegration models. Results indicate that markets in South Caucasus region function more efficiently than in Central Asia. In addition, reduction of trade costs is critical for Central Asia as it hinders efficient functioning of wheat markets. Improvement of the transport infrastructure would improve food security in these countries.
A Novel ground state in a new dimer iridate Ba13Ir6O30 with Ir6+(5d3) Ions
Creators: name: Zhao, Hengdi
name: Ye, Feng
name: Zheng, Hao
name: Hu, Bing
name: Ni, Yifei
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Kimchi, Itamar
name: Cao, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have synthesized and studied a new iridate, Ba13Ir6O30, with unusual Ir oxidation states: 2/3 Ir6+(5d3) ions and 1/3 Ir5+(5d4) ions. Its crystal structure features dimers of face-sharing IrO6 octahedra, and IrO6 monomers, that are linked via long, zigzag Ir-O-Ba-O-Ir pathways. Nevertheless, Ba13Ir6O30 exhibits two transitions at TN1 = 4.7 K and TN2 = 1.6 K. This magnetic order is accompanied by a huge Sommerfeld coefficient 200 mJ/mole K below TN2, signaling a coexisting frustrated/disordered state persisting down to at least 0.05 K. This iridate hosts unusually large Jeff=3/2 degrees of freedom, which is enabled by strong spin-orbit interactions (SOI) in the monomers with Ir6+ ions and a joint effect of molecular orbitals and SOI in the dimers occupied by Ir5+ and Ir6+ ions. Features displayed by the magnetization and heat capacity suggest that the combination of covalency, SOI and large effective spins leads to highly frustrated ferrimagnetic ordering, possibly into a skyrmion crystal, a novelty of this new high-spin iridate.
description: 5 figures
EXPLORING FARMERS’ CONDITIONS, STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCES WITH THE CSP MODEL
Creators: name: Von Münchhausen, Susanne
name: Knickel, Karlheinz
name: Bonjean, Isabelle
name: Grando, Stefano
name: Mathijs, Erik
name: Von Münchhausen, Susanne
name: Knickel, Karlheinz
name: Bonjean, Isabelle
name: Grando, Stefano
name: Mathijs, Erik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Policy
subject: markets
subject: sustainability performance
subject: farmers’ strategies
subject: methodology

description: EXPLORING FARMERS’ CONDITIONS, STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCES WITH THE CSP MODEL
Thienemanniella xena
Creators: name: Fu, Yue
name: Saether, Ole A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Thienemanniella
Thienemanniella xena

description: Thienemanniella xena (Roback)
 Corynoneura xena Roback, 1957: 61.
 Thienemanniella xena (Roback): Sublette 1970: 89; Boesel & Winner 1980: 504; Hestenes & Saether 2000: 106; Makarchenko & Makarchenko 2006: 160; Bolton 2007: 39.
 Material examined. CANADA, Manitoba, Lake Winnipeg: Gull Harbour, light trap, 1 male, 16.vii.1969, P.S.S. Chang; Victoria Beach, light trap, 1 male, 25.vii.1969, P.S.S. Chang; Calder's Dock, light trap, 1 male,, 9.vi.1971, E. Johnson & M.P. McLean; Beaver Creek, emergence trap, 1 male, 28.vi.1971, E. Johnson & M.P. McLean; Calder's Dock, rearing samples, 22 males, 9 females, 11.vi–17.vii.1971, Freshwater Institute L. Winnipeg project (ZMBN, FWI).
 Distribution and ecology. The species is known from Manitoba, Ontario and Alberta in Canada; from Alaska, South Dakota, Illinois to New York and south to North and South Carolina and Florida in the USA; as well as from the Russian Far East (Oliver et al. 1990: 39; Hestenes & Saether 2000: 110; Epler 2003; Makarchenko & Makarchenko 2006: 160).
description: Published as part of Fu, Yue & Saether, Ole A., 2012, 3536, pp. 1-61 in Zootaxa 3536 on page 58
Evolution of dust ion acoustic soliton in the presence of superthermal electrons
Creators: name: Dutta, D.
name: Adhikari, S.
name: Moulick, R.
name: Goswami, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Propagation of solitary wave in dusty plasmas started to draw the attention of the physicists since the early 90s. The presence of superthermal particles seems to have a great impact on such waves, as they indicate the existence of non-thermal systems. It has been observed that the superthermal population is capable of altering the nature of the plasmas waves. In the present paper, the effect of the superthermal electron population on the dust ion acoustic solitary wave has been explored. The plasma is considered un-magnetized and composed of two components of superthermal electrons (of two distinct temperature) along with positive ions, and negative dust particles. A major part of the work has been concentrated on the stability of the solitary structures considering the effect of the superthermal parameter. In addition, the dust charge has been considered as a variable and a detailed analysis has been provided on the same. The proposed plasma model is most suitable for analyzing Saturn magnetosphere and can be extended to any space plasmas with superthermal population.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures
A Simple Coupled-Bloch-Mode Approach To Study Active Photonic Crystal Waveguides and Lasers
Creators: name: Saldutti, Marco
name: Bardella, Paolo
name: Mørk, Jesper
name: Gioannini, Mariangela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By applying a coupled-Bloch-mode approach, we have derived a simple expression for the transmission properties of photonic crystal (PhC) line-defect waveguides with a complex refractive index perturbation. We have provided physical insights on the coupling mechanism by analyzing the frequency dependence and relative strength of the coupling coefficients. We have shown the impact of the perturbation on the waveguide dispersion relation and how the gain-induced distributed feedback limits the maximum attainable slow-light enhancement of the gain itself. We have then applied our approach to analyze the threshold behaviour of various PhC laser cavities and proved the significant impact of coherent distributed feedback effects in these lasers. Importantly, our approach also reveals that a structure simply consisting of an active region with zero back reflections from the passive output waveguides can achieve lasing oscillation with reasonable threshold gain.
The role of regional identity in urban agriculture
Creators: name: Theesfeld, Insa
name: Rogge, Nicole
name: Theesfeld, Insa
name: Rogge, Nicole
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: urban agriculture
subject: classification
subject: collective action
subject: social needs
subject: social identity
subject: collective and individual use

description: Urban agriculture has become a rapidly growing international movement. Most urban gardens are established, organized and managed collectively as commons. When applying collective action theory to urban gardens, it becomes evident that they are special in the motivation why people get organized to produce food. Particularly in developed countries, urban gardens emerge in response to a lack of participation in city development, democratic use of public spaces or opportunities and time for socializing instead of economic competitiveness or the desire for regional food. Therefore communities emerge which design, change and manage their urban landscape and rise up new urban social-ecological systems. Yet, urban agriculture, or urban gardens, lack closer scientific examination in this respect. Therefore, the paper presents elements which are characteristic to describe this recent development. Likewise, we present criteria to explore the differences between the gardens. With three pilot case studies we demonstrate the applicability of these criteria in urban gardens to differentiate between different degrees of collectively used resources and therefore diverse levels of collective action in urban garden projects. We can show that many urban agriculture movements offer the possibility to build new regional identities through the option of sharing time, sharing knowledge and participation in public decisions.
Questionnaire related to Süsser et al. (2021) on the impact of COVID-19 on stakeholder engagement in European energy research
Creators: name: Süsser, Diana
name: Ceglarz, Andrzej
name: Stavrakas, Vassilis
name: Lilliestam, Johan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
coronavirus
stakeholder engagement
transdisciplinarity
energy research
Horizon 2020
EU

description: The questionnaire was designed as a collaboration between researchers of the EU H2020 projects SENTINEL and PANDORA to study the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the stakeholder engagement in energy and fishery research. We developed it as an explorative, semi-quantitative, self-completion online questionnaire, using the online tool “LimeSurvey”. The study by Süsser et al. (2021) investigates the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on European energy research, in particular the stakeholder work, during the first wave of the coronavirus in spring and summer 2020. The questionnaire presented here has been adapted to the energy research context. We performed an online survey study among people responsible for stakeholder engagement who work in energy research projects across Europe. A similar questionnaire has been adapted and applied for the study by Köpsel et al. (2021) on "Stakeholder engagement vs. social distancing—how does the Covid-19 pandemic affect participatory research in EU marine science projects?". If you use this questionnaire in an academic publication, please cite the following article: Süsser, D., Ceglarz, A., Stavrakas, V., & Lilliestam, J. COVID-19 vs. stakeholder engagement: the impact of coronavirus containment measures on stakeholder involvement in European energy research projects [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. Open Research Europe 2021,1:57. doi: https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13683.1
Relaxation and Coarsening Dynamics in Superconducting Arrays
Creators: name: Jeon, Gun Sang
name: Lee, Sung Jong
name: Choi, M. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the nonequilibrium coarsening dynamics in two-dimensional overdamped superconducting arrays under zero external current, where ohmic dissipation occurs on junctions between superconducting islands through uniform resistance. The nonequilibrium relaxation of the unfrustrated array and also of the fully frustrated array, quenched to low temperature ordered states or quasi-ordered ones, is dominated by characteristic features of coarsening processes via decay of point and line defects, respectively. In the case of unfrustrated arrays, it is argued that due to finiteness of the friction constant for a vortex (in the limit of large spatial extent of the vortex), the typical length scale grows as $\ell_s \sim t^{1/2}$ accompanied by the number of point vortices decaying as $N_v \sim 1/t $. This is in contrast with the case that dominant dissipation occurs between each island and the substrate, where the friction constant diverges logarithmically and the length scale exhibits diffusive growth with a logarithmic correction term. We perform extensive numerical simulations, to obtain results in reasonable agreement. In the case of fully frustrated arrays, the domain growth of Ising-like chiral order exhibits the low-temperature behavior $\ell_q \sim t^{1/z_q}$, with the growth exponent $1/z_q$ apparently showing a strong temperature dependence in the low-temperature limit.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 1: of Genetic architecture of grain yield in bread wheat based on genome-wide association studies
Creators: name: Li, Faji
name: Wen, Weie
name: Liu, Jindong
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Cao, Shuanghe
name: He, Zhonghu
name: Rasheed, Awais
name: Jin, Hui
name: Zhang, Chi
name: Yan, Jun
name: Zhang, Pingzhi
name: Wan, Yingxiu
name: Xia, Xianchun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S1. Analysis of phenotypic data for grain yield and related traits in the diverse panel. (DOCX 16 kb)
COST SAVING PRODUCTION PRACTICES FOR SMALLGRAIN PRODUCERS IN THE SOUTHERN CAPE
Creators: name: Van Eeden, F.
name: Laubscher, J.
name: Kleynhans, T.E.
name: Van Eeden, F.
name: Laubscher, J.
name: Kleynhans, T.E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Production Economics

description: This research focuses on the production practice of limited tillage, which is used to reduce input costs. The implementation of limited tillage causes mechanization changes, which in turn, results in higher fixed cost and lower variable cost. The hypothesis claimed that profit could be increased, thus motivating for the promotion of limited tillage for smallgrain production. Two farms in each of four subregions in the Southern Cape served as case studies. The conventional and limited tillage practices of each farm were analysed and evaluated by an expert group. In order to compare the profitability of the various crop rotation systems, an annuity of the total present value of the annual gross margin per hectare of each crop rotation system was calculated. The analyses showed that the crop rotation systems of the various case studies differed significantly, due to soil and climate differences between and even within the subregions. No uniform crop rotation system was found that could serve as a general recipe for the region. In spite of this, some principles could be deduced from the analyses that could be followed in order to improve the cultivation and other practices so as to increase profits. The most significant savings can be obtained with regard to cultivation and sowing density. The results show that switching to limited tillage combined with precision farming can increase profits.
Emerging Photoluminescence from the Dark-Exciton Phonon Replica in Monolayer WSe2
Creators: name: Li, Zhipeng
name: Wang, Tianmeng
name: Jin, Chenhao
name: Lu, Zhengguang
name: Lian, Zhen
name: Meng, Yuze
name: Blei, Mark
name: Gao, Shiyuan
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Ren, Tianhui
name: Tongay, Sefaattin
name: Yang, Li
name: Smirnov, Dmitry
name: Cao, Ting
name: Shi, Su-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tungsten-based monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides host a long-lived dark exciton, an electron-hole pair in a spin-triplet configuration. The long lifetime and unique spin properties of the dark exciton provide exciting opportunities to explore light-matter interactions beyond electric dipole transitions. Here we demonstrate that the coupling of the dark exciton and an optically silent chiral phonon enables the intrinsic photoluminescence of the dark-exciton replica in monolayer WSe2. Gate and magnetic-field dependent PL measurements unveil a circularly-polarized replica peak located below the dark exciton by 21.6 meV, equal to E" phonon energy from Se vibrations. First-principles calculations show that the exciton-phonon interaction selectively couples the spin-forbidden dark exciton to the intravalley spin-allowed bright exciton, permitting the simultaneous emission of a chiral phonon and a circularly-polarized photon. Our discovery and understanding of the phonon replica reveals a chirality dictated emission channel of the phonons and photons, unveiling a new route of manipulating valley-spin.
Additional file 2: of Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Huang, Yun
name: Guo, Pi
name: Karmacharya, Biraj
name: Seeruttun, Sharvesh
name: Xu, Dong
name: Hao, Yuantao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Scoring table for quality assessment of the retained studies. (DOCX 14 kb)
Additional file 3 of HANDY: a device for assessing resistance to mechanical crushing of maize kernel
Creators: name: Su, Yuan
name: Xu, Yang
name: Cui, Tao
name: Xiaojun Gao
name: Guoyi Xia
name: Yibo Li
name: Mengmeng Qiao
name: Yingbo Yu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 3. Photograph of HANDY.
Quintessence Cosmology and the Cosmic Coincidence
Creators: name: Bludman, S. A.
name: Roos, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within present constraints on the observed smooth energy and its equation of state parameter, it is important to find out whether the smooth energy is static (cosmological constant) or dynamic (quintessence). The most dynamical quintessence fields observationally allowed are now still fast-rolling and no longer satisfy the tracker approximation if the equation of state parameter varies moderately with cosmic scale. We are optimistic about distinguishing between a cosmological constant and appreciably dynamic quintessence, by measuring average values for the effective equation of state parameter. However, reconstructing the quintessence potential from observations of any scale dependence appears problematic in the near future. For our flat universe, at present dominated by smooth energy in the form of either a cosmological constant (LCDM) or quintessence (QCDM), we calculate the asymptotic collapsed mass fraction to be maximal at the observed smooth energy/matter ratio. Identifying this collapsed fraction as a conditional probability for habitable galaxies, we infer that the prior distribution is flat. Interpreting this prior as a distribution over theories, rather than as a distribution over unobservable subuniverses, leads us to heuristic predictions about the class of future quantum cosmology theories and the static or quasi-static nature of the smooth energy.
description: Typos corrected, as presented at Cosmo-01 Workshop, Rovaniemi, Finland and accepted for publication in Physical Review D. 9 pages, 4 figures
Phyllophaga prunina
Creators: name: Freese, Edwin L.
name: Veal, Doug A.
name: Lago, Paul K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melolonthidae
Phyllophaga
Phyllophaga prunina

description: Phyllophaga prunina (LeConte, 1856)
King 1914; Travis 1934; Luginbill and Painter 1953; ISIC; ELFC.
Collection date: May–July.
Collected at light.
Travis (1934) reported 52 specimens from Iowa, which he concluded was infrequent to rare in the state.
Specimen label data: Dyersville, Dubuque Co., Iowa, 2 June 1914 [3], R. W. Webster, determined Davis (ISIC); Timberhill Savanna, Decatur Co., Iowa 10 May 2011, light, ELF (ELFC).
County records (Figure 145): Decatur, Delaware, Dubuque, Henry.
description: Published as part of Freese, Edwin L., Veal, Doug A. & Lago, Paul K., 2020, The Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Iowa: An annotated checklist, pp. 1-83 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (787) on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353792
Additional file 2 of HANDY: a device for assessing resistance to mechanical crushing of maize kernel
Creators: name: Su, Yuan
name: Xu, Yang
name: Cui, Tao
name: Xiaojun Gao
name: Guoyi Xia
name: Yibo Li
name: Mengmeng Qiao
name: Yingbo Yu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 2. Maize samples.
Leofa (Prasutagus) Distant
Creators: name: Duan, Yani
name: Zhang, Yalin
name: Zahniser, James N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Leofa

description: Key to species of Leofa (Prasutagus) Distant
 1. Ground color black with white markings (Plate I)............................................... L. (P.) pulla sp. n.
- Ground color yellow to ochraceous........................................................................ 2
 2. Pygofer process with two ventroapical teeth....................................................... L. (P.) yangae
- Pygofer process cheliform or hooked ventroapically........................................................... 3
 3. Pygofer process cheliform................................................................... L. (P.) forcipata
- Pygofer process hooked ventroapically..................................................................... 4
 4. Apex of aedeagal shaft tapered in lateral view...................................................... L. (P.) curtula
- Apex of aedeagal shaft expanded in lateral view.............................................................. 5
 5. Basal triangular flanges of aedeagus wider and larger than apical flange............................. L. (P.) palearctica
 - Basal and apical triangular flanges of aedeagus nearly same width................................... L. (P.) pulchella
description: Published as part of Duan, Yani, Zhang, Yalin & Zahniser, James N., 2012, A new species of Leofa (Prasutagus) Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Chiasmini) from Thailand with a checklist of Leofa, pp. 53-58 in Zootaxa 3537 on page 54
Comparative study of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in spring herbaceous plants along elevation gradient in temperate deciduous forests
Creators: name: Pan, Liben
name: Xin, Yuqi
name: Wang, Tianqi
name: Gavrikov, Vladimir L.
name: Guo, Xiaorui
name: Mu, Liqiang
name: Tang, Zhonghua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Virology

description: Spring herbaceous plants in temperate deciduous forests play a crucial role in promoting nutrient cycling in spring ecosystems. This study examines carbon and nitrogen metabolism differences between two coexisting types of spring herbaceous plants (four early spring plant and four summer green plants) across an elevation gradient. The PCA results indicate that carbon and nitrogen metabolism exhibit strong plant type variation, while elevation variation is relatively low. SE (early spring plants) prioritize above-ground growth and reproduction, enhancing carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Conversely, SG (summer green plants) adopt a shade-tolerant strategy, storing starch in roots for energy in low-light conditions. Both plant types enhance defense by boosting nitrogen metabolism in source organs and accumulating carbon in sink organs. This study provides significant insights into the adaptation strategies of spring herbaceous plants in temperate deciduous forests, highlighting their ecological importance and the metabolic trade-offs between growth and tolerance.
ANNEX 1. Positive or negative communication in social activism
Creators: name: Nos-Aldás, Eloísa
name: Pinazo, Daniel
name: Agut-Nieto, Sonia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 200101 Communication Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Experimental conditions applied to the design of the news item for the empirical methodology of the article "Positive or negative communication in social activism".
Data-driven Reconstruction of Nonlinear Dynamics from Sparse Observation
Creators: name: Yeo, Kyongmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a data-driven model to reconstruct nonlinear dynamics from a very sparse times series data, which relies on the strength of the echo state network (ESN) in learning nonlinear representation of data. With an assumption of the universal function approximation capability of ESN, it is shown that the reconstruction problem can be formulated as a fixed-point problem, in which the trajectory of the dynamical system is a fixed point of the ESN. An under-relaxed fixed-point iteration is proposed to reconstruct the nonlinear dynamics from a sparse observation. The proposed fixed-point ESN is tested against both univariate and multivariate chaotic dynamical systems by randomly removing up to 95% of the data. It is shown that the fixed-point ESN is able to reconstruct the complex dynamics from only 5 ~ 10% of the data. For a relatively simple non-chaotic dynamical system, the numerical experiments on a forced van der Pol oscillator show that it is possible to reconstruct the nonlinear dynamics from only 1~2% of the data.
KARNAL BUNT: THE ECONOMIC RISK IMPOSED AND THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF QUARANTINE AS CONTROL MEASURE
Creators: name: Esterhuizen, D.
name: Esterhuizen, JMC
name: Van Rooyen, CJ
name: Esterhuizen, D.
name: Esterhuizen, JMC
name: Van Rooyen, CJ
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The aim of this article is to estimate the risk imposed by Karnal bunt and then to explore the economic impact of both quarantine as control measure, and of regulation concerning Karnal bunt, on the South African wheat industry. This disease occurred in South Africa for the first time during the 2000/01 wheat production season on a farm near Douglas in the Northern Cape. The economic impact of various control measures and regulations with regard to Karnal bunt can be assessed by means of an efficiency analysis using a cost-benefit approach. It was found to be economically acceptable to implement quarantine on the Douglas area in only a “worse case” scenario. In all other scenarios it did not made any economic sense to impose a quarantine on the Douglas area.
ANNEX 1. Positive or negative communication in social activism
Creators: name: Nos-Aldás, Eloísa
name: Pinazo, Daniel
name: Agut-Nieto, Sonia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 200101 Communication Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Experimental conditions applied to the design of the news item for the empirical methodology of the article "Positive or negative communication in social activism"
Leofa Distant 1918
Creators: name: Duan, Yani
name: Zhang, Yalin
name: Zahniser, James N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Leofa

description: Checklist of Leofa Distant, 1918
  Leofa (Edmundiana) Zahniser, 2008
 Leofa (Edmundiana) kumasamba Zahniser, 2008.
Type (s): INHS.
Distribution: Zambia (orig. descr.).
 Leofa (Edmundiana) pedunculata Zahniser, 2008.
Type (s): CASC.
Distribution: Zaire (orig. descr.).
  Leofa (Leofa) Distant, 1918
 Leofa (Leofa) mushroomi Chalam & Rao, 2005.
Type (s): INPC.
Distribution: India (orig.descr.).
 Leofa (Leofa) mysorensis Distant, 1918.
Distribution: India (Metcalf Cat.).
 Leofa (Leofa) naga Viraktamath & Viraktamath, 1992.
Type (s): UASB.
Distribution: India (orig.descr.).
 Leofa (Leofa) neela Viraktamath & Viraktamath, 1992.
Type (s): UASB.
Distribution: India (orig.descr.).
 Leofa (Leofa) robusta Viraktamath & Viraktamath, 1992.
Type (s): UASB.
Distribution: India (orig.descr.).
 Leofa (Leofa) thompsoni Zahniser, 2008.
Type (s): INHS.
Distribution: Rwanda, Uganda (orig.descr.).
 Leofa (Leofa) truncata Viraktamath & Viraktamath, 1992.
Type (s): UASB.
Distribution: India (orig.descr.).
  Leofa (Prasutagus) Distant, 1918
 Leofa (Prasutagus) curtula (Motschulsky, 1863).
Type (s): ZMUM.
Distribution: Sri Lanka, India.
 Leofa (Prasutagus) forcipata Duan & Zhang, 2009.
Type (s): NWAFU.
Distribution: China.
 Leofa (Prasutagus) palearctica Zahniser, 2008.
Type (s): INHS.
Distribution: Spain (orig.descr.).
 Leofa (Prasutagus) pulchella Distant, 1918.
Distribution: India, China.
 Leofa (Prasutagus) pulla sp. n.
Type (s): NWAFU.
Distribution: China.
 Leofa (Prasutagus) yangae Duan & Zhang, 2009.
Type (s): NWAFU.
Distribution: China.
  Leofa (Tortotettix) Theron, 1982
 Leofa (Tortotettix) dispar Theron, 1982.
Type (s): SANC.
Distribution: South Africa, Swaziland (orig.descr.).
description: Published as part of Duan, Yani, Zhang, Yalin & Zahniser, James N., 2012, A new species of Leofa (Prasutagus) Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Chiasmini) from Thailand with a checklist of Leofa, pp. 53-58 in Zootaxa 3537 on page 58
AR.IA paper Extended Data - AR.IA App documentation
Creators: name: Leclerc, Quentin
name: Naylor, Nichola R.
name: Aiken, Alexander M.
name: Coll, Francesc
name: Gwenan M. Knight
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110802 Medical Infection Agents (incl. Prions)
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Contains instructions regarding the usage of the App developed as part of this project. Includes Supplementary Figure 4.
Space-time Variant Self-growing Bandgap in Nonlinear Acoustic Metamaterial
Creators: name: Fang, Xin
name: Wen, Jihong
name: Yu, Dianlong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Material band structure is key foundation for various modern technologies, but it was regarded as a space-time invariant feature. Acoustic metamaterials show extraordinary properties for processing elastic waves, but conventional realizations suffer from narrow bandgaps. Here we first report a nonlinear acoustic metamaterial whose band structure self-adapts to the propagation distance/time and the bandgap exhibits a self-growing behaviour stemming from giant nonlinear interaction. This space-time self-modulating characteristic highlights an unconventional understanding of the band structure, and the self-growth generates an ultralow and ultrabroad bandgap that breaks through the limitation of the mass law for linear locally resonant bandgaps. We also elucidate the self-adaptive mechanisms. This first demonstration sheds light on conceiving advanced devices and metamaterials with broadband, space-time variant bandgaps for wave self-manipulation.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOPTION OF RECOMMENDED FARM PRACTICES BY COFFEE FARMERS IN BUTARE, SOUTHERN RWANDA
Creators: name: Bizimana, C
name: Nieuwoudt, WL
name: Ferrer, SRD
name: Bizimana, C
name: Nieuwoudt, WL
name: Ferrer, SRD
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Factors influencing technology adoption by Rwandan coffee farmers, assessed according to the extent of adoption of soil testing and use of fertilizer, are studied based on a survey of 183 coffee farmers from Rusatira and Muyira districts in Butare Province during 2001. Twenty per cent of farmers surveyed have adopted both practices, however, forty-nine per cent have adopted neither. A chi-square test shows a strong association between the two practices, implying that a farmer who tests soils on his farm is also likely to use fertilizer. Results support expectations that farmers who adopt more recommended technologies and farming practices are more productive and more efficient producers of coffee. A discriminant analysis identified land fragmentation, availability of wealth and liquidity, and education of the principal farm decision-maker as the most important factors influencing the adoption of recommended and appropriate farming practices on coffee farms, followed by gender of farm operator, and farm information acquired by farmers. Transformation of Rwandan coffee farming requires policies that (a) remove obstacles to the development of an efficient land market in order to reduce land fragmentation and to transfer land to more efficient farmers; and (b) improve rural education and liquidity, and reduce gender discrimination in order to improve farmers’ abilities and promote adoption of recommended farming practices.
Phyllophaga quercus
Creators: name: Freese, Edwin L.
name: Veal, Doug A.
name: Lago, Paul K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melolonthidae
Phyllophaga
Phyllophaga quercus

description: Phyllophaga quercus (Knoch, 1801)
Wickham 1911; Jaques 1926; Travis 1934.
Collection dates: no date of collection given with literature record.
No specimens located in collections examined.
County records (Figure 146): Allamakee, Story, Wapello.
description: Published as part of Freese, Edwin L., Veal, Doug A. & Lago, Paul K., 2020, The Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Iowa: An annotated checklist, pp. 1-83 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (787) on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5353792
Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) angustus Kong & A.Saether & Wang 2012, sp. n.
Creators: name: Kong, Fanqing
name: A. Saether, Ole
name: Wang, Xinhua
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Orthocladius
Orthocladius angustus

description: Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) angustus sp. n.
(Figs 1–3)
 Type material. Holotype male (BDN No. 12401), CHINA: Sichuan Province, Ganzi City, Yajiang River, 14.vi.1996, sweep net, X. Wang.
 Diagnostic characters. The species can be separated from other members of the subgenus by having low AR (0.47), short anal point, and inferior volsella with dorsal part long and narrow.
 Etymology. From Latin, angustus, narrow, referring to the shape of the dorsal part of inferior volsella.
 Description. Male (n = 1).
Total length 3.27 mm. Wing length 2.00 mm. Total length / wing length 1.64. Wing length / length of profemur 2.67.
 Coloration. Head and thorax brown. Antenna, legs and abdomen yellowish brown.
 Head. AR 0.47. Ultimate flagellomere 320 µm long. Temporal setae 9, including 1 inner vertical, 3 outer verticals and 5 postorbitals. Clypeus with 13 setae. Cibarial pump, tentorium and stipes as in Fig. 1. Tentorium 154 µm long, 44 µm wide. Stipes 132 µm long, 52 µm wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 35, 44, 90, 91, 152. Length ratio of palpomeres 5/3 1.69.
 Wing (Fig. 2). Anal lobe well developed. VR 1.18. Costal extension 35 µm long. R with 8 setae, other veins bare. Squama with 21 setae.
 Thorax. Antepronotum with 4 setae. Dorsocentrals 10, acrostichals absent, prealars 4. Scutellars 48, multiserial.
 Legs. Spur of fore tibia 44 µm long, spurs of mid tibia 26 mm and 22 µm long, of hind tibia 52 µm and 26 mm long. Comb of 10 setae, shortest seta 25 µm, longest seta 50 µm. Width at apex of fore tibia 40 mm, of mid tibia 40 µm, of hind tibia 48 µm. Pseudospurs present on ta 1 and ta 2 of mid and hind leg, 15–18 m long. Sensilla chaetica absent. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs in Table 1.
 Hypopygium (Fig. 3). Tergite IX including anal point with 9 setae. Laterosternite IX with 11 setae. Anal point 35 µm long, 18 µm wide. Phallapodeme 70 mm long; transverse sternapodeme 150 µm long, oral projections well developed. Gonocoxite 187 µm long, superior volsella collar-like, inferior volsella with dorsal part long and narrow, and ventral part strongly extended below. Virga 25 µm long. Gonostylus 98 µm long, crista dorsalis long; megaseta 10 µm long. HR 1.91, HV 3.34.
description: Published as part of Kong, Fanqing, A. Saether, Ole & Wang, Xinhua, 2012, A review of the subgenera Euorthocladius and Orthocladius s. str. from China (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 76-88 in Zootaxa 3537 on pages 77-78
Volatile Decision Dynamics: Experiments, Stochastic Description, Intermittency Control, and Traffic Optimization
Creators: name: Helbing, Dirk
name: Schoenhof, Martin
name: Kern, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coordinated and efficient distribution of limited resources by individual decisions is a fundamental, unsolved problem. When individuals compete for road capacities, time, space, money, goods, etc., they normally make decisions based on aggregate rather than complete information, such as TV news or stock market indices. In related experiments, we have observed a volatile decision dynamics and far-from-optimal payoff distributions. We have also identified ways of information presentation that can considerably improve the overall performance of the system. In order to determine optimal strategies of decision guidance by means of user-specific recommendations, a stochastic behavioural description is developed. These strategies manage to increase the adaptibility to changing conditions and to reduce the deviation from the time-dependent user equilibrium, thereby enhancing the average and individual payoffs. Hence, our guidance strategies can increase the performance of all users by reducing overreaction and stabilizing the decision dynamics. These results are highly significant for predicting decision behaviour, for reaching optimal behavioural distributions by decision support systems, and for information service providers. One of the promising fields of application is traffic optimization.
description: For related work see http://www.helbing.org