cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Atomic force microscope-based lithography for site-selective surface grafting of semiconductor nanocrystals on patterned silicon
Creators: name: Wang, Tian Si
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A three dimensional optical microcavity was designed in a textured silicon planar waveguide to have a resonant wavelength near 1.5 μm, and a quality factor of ~4000. The design is based on planar photonic bandgap concepts, and was achieved using a commercial finite-difference-time-domain electromagnetic simulation tool. This microcavity is intended to be integrated with PbSe semiconductor nanocrystals synthesized by collaborators to exhibit a strong excitonic resonance also near 1.5 μm. To study the coupling of this excitonic resonance, with the optical microcavity mode, a process for locally attaching the PbSe nanocrystals on the silicon microcavity surface in a region of high electric field intensity had to be developed. Accordingly, a lithographic process was developed based on the use a conducting atomic force microscope (AFM) tip to oxidize the silicon surface at a precise location with respect to the photonic crystal microcavity. The AFM lithography has to be done after the silicon microcavity is first uniformly coated with an organic monolayer designed to repel the PbSe nanocrystals. Two different organic monolayers, OTS (Octadecyltrichlorosilane), and octadecene, were used in this study. Two different AFM microscopes were adapted for this process development work. By varying the applied bias voltage and pulse duration on bare silicon, and silicon-on-insulator substrates, and on monolayer-coated versions of the same substrates, the optimum conditions for oxide dot formation were determined. While it is relatively easy to form oxide dots with diameters down to ~50 nm on bare silicon and silicon-on-insulator substrates using ~ -5 V, 100 ms pulses, higher voltages and longer pulse durations were required to form oxide dots on the monolayer coated samples, and the uniformity of the oxide dots formed on the monolayer samples was found to be poorer than on the bare samples. An AFM-oxidized dot with ~190 nm diameter was successfully formed within 50 nm of the centre of an octadecene-coated microcavity formed in a silicon-on-insulator substrate. This proves that this process is capable of site-selectively defining a site for nanocrystal attachment on the microcavities, but further work is needed to make the process "routine".
title: Customer awareness of European and country specific emission-reducing measures of passenger cars and the influence on the buying behavior of diesel cars : an empirical study in Austria
Creators: name: Wagner, Patrick
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Diesel
subject: CO2 emissions
subject: buying behavior
subject: emission zone
subject: e-mobility

description: The Volkswagen (VW) Dieselgate, which was made public on September 18th 2015, was a trigger for further discussions about the future of diesel in passenger cars, which still continues up to now in 2017. Since that point of time, diesel as a propulsion system is in a strong focus in the public and the media, but also in politics. Many European governments reacted promptly to the findings, that diesel passenger cars would be much more harmful to human health than expected before and announced to introduce strict measures to reduce emissions from (especially diesel) passenger cars. The starting point of the master’s thesis is to highlight the European Union’s (EU) strategy as well as country specific regulations to reduce emissions of passenger cars to get an overview about the different reactions caused by the Volkswagen Dieselgate and the various approaches to reduce emissions. A literature research points out that Austria with its high share of diesel passenger cars is still reluctant regarding the implementation of appropriate actions to reduce emissions for diesel-powered passenger cars compared to other European countries. The master’s thesis answers the questions, if Austrian customers are aware of emission-reducing measures in other European countries and to which extent this information influences the buying behavior for diesel passenger cars especially under consideration that any of these measures could be introduced in Austria as well in the near future as some measures have already been discussed by Austrian politicians. Private customers were questioned via an online survey about their awareness and the influence on the buying-behavior. Salesmen from various Austrian car dealerships were also surveyed about their experience of changes in customer behavior. Another source of information are interviews with experts from the automotive industry, which have been also interviewed about their experience of changes in customer behavior and their opinion to emission-reducing measures. The expected outcome is that private customers are not aware of all mentioned activities and other ones will not even know about the Austrian measures to reduce the emissions of diesel cars. It is assumed that most private customers will not change their attitude towards diesel before any measures are really introduced in Austria. Their buying behavior will change more reactive than compared to fleet customers.
title: Research on measures to reinforce competitiveness through strategic alliance between Korean companies and global companies
Creators: name: Kim, Ho Hyun
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strategic alliance
subject: automobile parts industry
subject: Small- and Middle size companies
subject: Korean Automobile industry

description: This research is to apprehend the environment and method for successful strategic alliance between Korean automobile parts companies and global automobile companies so that the methods to reinforce the competitiveness of domestic automobile parts industry can be suggested. Therefore, this research used various advanced researches, books, research reports of relevant institutes based on business practice experience, to apprehend the market environment of automobile parts industry and built the theoretical foundation about Strategic alliance. Also, by analyzing the cases of Strategic alliance between companies, deducted the indications about the success factors of the alliance. Also, to raise the quality of the research performance, processed a survey to people concerned in the domestic automobile parts companies that actually constructed strategic alliance with global companies, to investigate the features of the company, contents, environment and performance of the strategic alliance recognized by them. And finally, focused on these research results, suggested the directions for improvement and development to reinforce the competitiveness of domestic automobile parts companies.
Implications for new physics from a novel puzzle in $\bar{B}_{(s)}^0 \to D^{(\ast)+}_{(s)} \lbrace π^-, K^- \rbrace$ decays
Creators: name: Iguro, Syuhei
name: Kitahara, Teppei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the standard model predictions for the $B$-meson hadronic decays, $\bar{B}^0 \to D^{(\ast)+}K^-$ and $\bar{B}^0_s \to D^{(\ast)+}_s π^-$, have been updated based on the QCD factorization approach. This improvement sheds light on a novel puzzle in the $B$-meson hadronic decays: there are mild but universal tensions between data and the predicted branching ratios. Assuming the higher-order QCD corrections are not huge enough to solve the tension, we examine several new physics interpretations of this puzzle. We find that the tension can be partially explained by a left-handed $W^\prime$ model, which can be compatible with other flavor observables and collider bounds.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure; v2: references added; v3: version published as a Rapid Communication in PRD
Self-consistent Green's function calculation of 16O at small missing energies
Creators: name: Barbieri, C.
name: Dickhoff, W. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculations of the one-hole spectral function of 16O for small missing energies are reviewed. The self-consistent Green's function approach is employed together with the Faddeev equations technique in order to study the coupling of both particle-particle and particle-hole phonons to the single-particle motion. The results indicate that the characteristics of hole fragmentation are related to the low-lying states of 16O and an improvement of the description of this spectrum, beyond the random phase approximation, is required to understand the experimental strength distribution. A first calculation in this direction that accounts for two-phonon states is discussed.
description: Proceedings of ``Nuclear Forces and the Quantum Many-Body Problem'', INT, Oct. 4-8, 2004
An Observational Test of Solar Plasma Heating by Magnetic Flux Cancellation
Creators: name: Park, Sung-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations suggest that magnetic flux cancellation may play a crucial role in heating the Sun's upper atmosphere (chromosphere, transition region, corona). Here, we intended to validate an analytic model for magnetic reconnection and consequent coronal heating, driven by a pair of converging and cancelling magnetic flux sources of opposite polarities. For this test, we analyzed photospheric magnetic field and multi-wavelength UV/EUV observations of a small-scale flux cancellation event in a quiet-Sun internetwork region over a target interval of 5.2 hr. The observed cancellation event exhibits a converging motion of two opposite-polarity magnetic patches on the photosphere and red-shifted Doppler velocities (downflows) therein consistently over the target interval, with a decrease in magnetic flux of both polarities at a rate of 10$^{15}$ Mx s$^{-1}$. Several impulsive EUV brightenings, with differential emission measure values peaked at 1.6-2.0 MK, are also observed in the shape of arcades with their two footpoints anchored in the two patches. The rate of magnetic energy released as heat at the flux cancellation region is estimated to be in the range of (0.2-1)$\times$10$^{24}$ erg s$^{-1}$ over the target interval, which can satisfy the requirement of previously reported heating rates for the quiet-Sun corona. Finally, both short-term (a few to several tens of minutes) variations and long-term (a few hours) trends in the magnetic energy release rate are clearly shown in the estimated rate of radiative energy loss of electrons at temperatures above 2.0 MK. All these observational findings support the validity of the investigated reconnection model for plasma heating in the upper solar atmosphere by flux cancellation.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Variation of the IMF
Creators: name: Kroupa, Pavel
name: Weidner, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) The {stellar IMF} has been found to be essentially invariant. While some apparent differences are seen, the uncertainties inherent to this game do not allow a firm conclusion to be made that the IMF varies systematically with conditions. The IMF integrated over entire galaxies, however, is another matter. Chemical and photometric properties of various galaxies do hint at {galaxial IMFs} being steeper than the stellar IMF, as is also deduced from direct star-count analysis in the MW. These results are sensitive to the modelling of stellar populations and to corrections for stellar evolution, and are thus also uncertain. However, by realising that galaxies are made from dissolving star clusters, star clusters being viewed as {the fundamental building blocks of galaxies}, the result is found that galaxial IMFs must be significantly steeper than the stellar IMF, because the former results from a folding of the latter with the star-cluster mass function. Furthermore, this notion leads to the important insight that galaxial IMFs must vary with galaxy mass, and that the galaxial IMF is a strongly varying function of the star-formation history for galaxies that have assembled only a small mass in stars. Cosmological implications of this are discussed.
description: 13 pages, to appear in IMFat50: The Initial Mass Function 50 years later, ed: E. Corbelli, F. Palla, and H. Zinnecker, Kluwer Academic Publishers; a meeting held at the Abbazia di Spineto, Tuscany, Italy -- May 16-20, 2004
High-pressure xenon gas time projection chamber with scalable design and its performance at around the Q value of $^{136}$Xe double-beta decay
Creators: name: Yoshida, Masashi
name: Nakamura, Kazuhiro
name: Akiyama, Shinichi
name: Ban, Sei
name: Hikida, Junya
name: Hirose, Masanori
name: Ichikawa, Atsuko K.
name: Iwashita, Yoshihisa
name: Kashino, Yukimasa
name: Kikawa, Tatsuya
name: Minamino, Akihiro
name: Miuchi, Kentaro
name: Nakajima, Yasuhiro
name: Nakamura, Kiseki D.
name: Nakaya, Tsuyoshi
name: Obara, Shuhei
name: Sakashita, Ken
name: Sekiya, Hiroyuki
name: Shinagawa, Hibiki
name: Sugashima, Bungo
name: Urano, Soki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have been developing a high-pressure xenon gas time projection chamber (TPC) to search for neutrinoless double beta ($0νββ$) decay of $^{136}$Xe. The unique feature of this TPC is in the detection part of ionization electrons, called ELCC. ELCC is composed of multiple units, and one unit covers 48.5 $\mathrm{cm}^2$. A 180 L size prototype detector with 12 units, 672 channels, of ELCC was constructed and operated with 7.6 bar natural xenon gas to evaluate the performance of the detector at around the Q value of $^{136}$Xe $0νββ$. The obtained FWHM energy resolution is (0.73 $\pm$ 0.11) % at 1836 keV. This corresponds to (0.60 $\pm$ 0.03) % to (0.70 $\pm$ 0.21) % of energy resolution at the Q value of $^{136}Xe$ $0νββ$. This result shows the scalability of the AXEL detector with ELCC while maintaining high energy resolution. Factors determining the energy resolution were quantitatively evaluated and the result indicates further improvement is feasible. Reconstructed track images show distinctive structures at the endpoint of electron tracks, which will be an important feature to distinguish $0νββ$ signals from gamma-ray backgrounds.
description: 33 pages, 24 figures, preprint accepted by PTEP
Ermittlung der Teilnahmebereitschaft an Vertragsnaturschutzprogrammen und der dafür notwendigen Ausgleichszahlungen mit Hilfe eines Discrete-Choice-Experimentes
Creators: name: Breustedt, Gunnar
name: Schulz, Norbert
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Breustedt, Gunnar
name: Schulz, Norbert
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Discrete-Choice-Experiment
subject: Grünland
subject: multinomiales Logitmodell
subject: Teilnahmebereitschaft
subject: Vertragsnaturschutzprogramme
subject: Vogelschutz
subject: Willingness to Accept
subject: discrete choice experiment
subject: grassland
subject: multinomial logit model
subject: willingness to participate
subject: agri-environmental schemes
subject: wildlife conservation
subject: willingness-to-accept

description: Die Determinanten für die Teilnahmebereitschaft an Vertragsnaturschutzprogrammen in den beiden schleswig- holsteinischen Grünlandregionen Eiderstedt und Südtondern werden mit einem Discrete-Choice-Experiment ermittelt. Wie erwartet, wirken eine erhöhte Ausgleichszahlung positiv und höhere Auflagen negativ auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit, einen Vertrag zu wählen. Neben vertragsspezifischen werden eine Vielzahl betriebsindividueller Determinanten der Vertragswahl identifiziert. Betriebe, die bereits an Naturschutzprogrammen teilnehmen, wählen mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit einen Vertrag. Die aus den Determinanten bestimmte marginale Willingness to Accept zeigt, dass gerade Vertragseigenschaften, wie Düngungs- oder Mahdauflagen, hohe Kompensationen im Bereich von über 100 bis 200 Euro/ha erfordern. Intensiv wirtschaftende Betriebe – gekennzeichnet durch z.B. hohe Viehdichte oder geringen Dauerweideanteil – verlangen höhere Kompensationszahlungen als andere Betriebe. This paper uses data from a discrete choice experiment to investigate the factors affecting participation in agri-environmental schemes in Eiderstedt and Südtondern, two grassland regions in Schleswig- Holstein. As expected, higher payment rates increase farmers’ willingness to sign a conservation contract * Uwe Latacz-Lohmann is also Adjunct Professor in Agricultural and Resource Economics at the University of Western Australia. whereas stricter management prescriptions reduce participation. Besides contract design variables, a number of farm-specific variables affect farmers’ willingness to participate. Farmers, for instance, with previous experience in agri-environmental contracting are more likely to choose a contract than those without such experience. Our estimates of marginal willingness-to-accept show that farmers regard contractual obligations relating to fertilizer use and mowing dates as particularly demanding, resulting in high compensation requirements of €100 - 200 per hectare. Farms with high land use intensities – e.g. high stocking rates or low shares of permanent pasture – request higher compensation payments than less intensive farms.
Fingerprint Spectroscopic SRS Imaging of Single Living Cells and Whole Brain by Ultrafast Tuning and Spatial-Spectral Learning
Creators: name: Lin, Haonan
name: Lee, Hyeon Jeong
name: Tague, Nathan
name: Lugagne, Jean-Baptiste
name: Zong, Cheng
name: Deng, Fengyuan
name: Wong, Wilson
name: Dunlop, Mary J.
name: Cheng, Ji-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Label-free vibrational imaging by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) provides unprecedented insight into real-time chemical distributions in living systems. Specifically, SRS in the fingerprint region can resolve multiple chemicals in a complex bio-environment using specific and well-separated Raman signatures. Yet, fingerprint SRS imaging with microsecond spectral acquisition has not been achieved due to the small fingerprint Raman cross-sections and the lack of ultrafast acquisition scheme with high spectral resolution and high fidelity. Here, we report a fingerprint spectroscopic SRS platform that acquires a distortion-free SRS spectrum with 10 cm-1 spectral resolution in 20 microseconds using a lab-built ultrafast delay-line tuning system. Meanwhile, we significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio by employing a spatial-spectral residual learning network, reaching comparable quality to images taken with two orders of magnitude longer pixel dwell times. Collectively, our system achieves reliable fingerprint spectroscopic SRS with microsecond spectral acquisition speed, enabling imaging and tracking of multiple biomolecules in samples ranging from a live single microbe to a tissue slice, which was not previously possible with SRS imaging in the highly congested carbon-hydrogen region. To show the broad utility of the approach, we have demonstrated high-speed compositional imaging of lipid metabolism in living pancreatic cancer Mia PaCa-2 cells. We then performed high-resolution mapping of cholesterol, fatty acid, and protein in the mouse whole brain. Finally, we mapped the production of two biofuels in microbial samples by harnessing the superior spectral and temporal resolutions of our system.
description: The manuscript contains 24 pages and 4 main figures. The supplementary information contains 7 figures. Code and data are available at https://github.com/buchenglab
title: Black people and criminal justice in England and Wales: a study on bail
Creators: name: Williams, Kadifa
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2000

description: The disproportionate rate of adverse police-black encounters, instances of unfair and unequal treatment by the police, in addition to the over-representation of black people in the total and remand prison population raises questions about the nature and extent of discrimination and racism in the criminal justice system. Reasons for the apparent differential treatment of black people in the criminal justice process remain contested. Much research on 'race' and criminal justice issues has produced contradictory findings and attempts to isolate a 'race' effect in criminal justice decision-making has been difficult. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, this thesis explores issues of 'race', racism and criminal justice focusing on bail and remand. From a statistical analysis of data from a bail survey at two north London magistrates' courts, it is argued that black males are remanded in custody at a higher rate than their white counterparts and overrepresented among those remanded in custody when compared to their proportion in the general population. Overall, even when significant factors such as seriousness of offence and age are taken into account, unexplained racial differences in bail decision-making remain. An analysis of qualitative data from black defendants and criminal justice practitioners supports the proposition that discrimination operates within the bail system and extends this argument to other stages of the criminal justice process. This thesis also examines how issues of racism and criminal justice have been 'explained' theoretically. From a critical examination of key theoretical positions of neoconservatism, critical criminology and left realism, it is argued that criminological theorising may never be able to fully 'explain' issues of racial discrimination. It is further argued that notwithstanding the important insights to the debate put forward by critical criminology, it still does not go far enough in such 'explanations', while neo-conservatism and left realism paint a distorted picture. Drawing on several existing themes from critical criminology, the notion of 'virtual criminality' is suggested as a way forward.
The NIBLES bivariate luminosity--HI mass distribution function revised using Arecibo follow-up observations
Creators: name: Butcher, Zhon
name: van Driel, Wim
name: Schneider, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a modified optical luminosity--HI mass bivariate luminosity function (BLF) based on HI line observations from the Nançay Interstellar Baryons Legacy Extragalactic Survey (NIBLES), including data from our new, four times more sensitive follow-up HI line observations obtained with the Arecibo radio telescope. The follow-up observations were designed to probe the underlying HI mass distribution of the NIBLES galaxies that were undetected or marginally detected in HI at the Nançay Radio Telescope. Our total follow-up sample consists of 234 galaxies, and it spans the entire luminosity and color range of the parent NIBLES sample of 2600 nearby (900 $< cz
description: 20 pages, 18 figures
Characteristics of price related fluctuations in Non-Fungible Token (NFT) market
Creators: name: Szydło, Paweł
name: Wątorek, Marcin
name: Kwapień, Jarosław
name: Drożdż, Stanisław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-fungible token (NFT) market is a new trading invention based on the blockchain technology which parallels the cryptocurrency market. In the present work we study capitalization, floor price, the number of transactions, the inter-transaction times, and the transaction volume value of a few selected popular token collections. The results show that the fluctuations of all these quantities are characterized by heavy-tailed probability distribution functions, in most cases well described by the stretched exponentials, with a trace of power-law scaling at times, long-range memory, and in several cases even the fractal organization of fluctuations, mostly restricted to the larger fluctuations, however. We conclude that the NFT market - even though young and governed by a somewhat different mechanisms of trading - shares several statistical properties with the regular financial markets. However, some differences are visible in the specific quantitative indicators.
Hidden Signals of New Physics within the Yukawa Couplings of the Higgs boson
Creators: name: Arroyo-Ureña, M. A.
name: Diaz-Cruz, J. Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has measured the Higgs boson couplings with the heavier particles of the Standard Model (SM), and they seem to lay on a single line as function of the particle mass, as predicted in the SM. However a complete test of this property must involve the lighter generations, and the coming measurements at LHC, or future colliders, may reveal hidden patterns associated with physics beyond the SM. In renormalizable multi-Higgs models, the Higgs-fermion couplings could still be linear, but they could lay on multiple lines. Then, the angle subtended by these lines, with respect to the SM line, can be used to characterize different models, as it is shown here for the Two-Higgs doublet Model (2HDM). Models where fermion masses arise from higher-dimensional operators, may also result in large deviations from the SM values for the Higgs couplings, which would show an irregular pattern as a function of the fermion masses. In the case of neutrino masses, when they arise from the see-saw mechanism, one finds that the Higgs Yukawa couplings will show a non-linear mass relation.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
BAKUP: Automated, Flexible, and Capital-Efficient Insurance Protocol for Decentralized Finance
Creators: name: Singh, Srisht Fateh
name: Michalopoulos, Panagiotis
name: Veneris, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces BAKUP, a smart contract insurance design for decentralized finance users to mitigate risks arising from platform vulnerabilities. While providing automated claim payout, BAKUP utilizes a modular structure to harmonize three key features: the platform's resilience against vulnerabilities, the flexibility of underwritten policies, and capital efficiency. An immutable core module performs capital accounting while ensuring robustness against external vulnerabilities, a customizable oracle module enables the underwriting of novel policies, and an optional and peripheral yield module allows users to independently manage additional yield. The implementation incorporates binary conditional tokens that are tradable on automated market maker (AMM)-based exchanges. Finally, the paper examines specific liquidity provision strategies for the conditional tokens, demonstrating that a conservative strategy and parameterization can effectively reduce the divergence loss of liquidity providers by more than 47 % compared to a naive strategy in the worst-case scenario.
description: 9 pages
Inverse moment of the $B_s$-meson distribution amplitude from QCD sum rule
Creators: name: Khodjamirian, Alexander
name: Mandal, Rusa
name: Mannel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a QCD sum rule for the inverse moment of the $B_s$-meson light-cone distribution amplitude in HQET. Within this method, the $SU(3)_{fl}$ symmetry violation is traced to the strange quark mass and to the difference between strange and nonstrange quark condensate densities. We predict the ratio of inverse moments $λ_{B_s}/λ_B= 1.19 \pm 0.14$ which can be used in various applications of these distribution amplitudes to the analyses of $B_{s}$-meson decays, provided an accurate value of $λ_B$ is available from other sources, such as the $B\to \ell ν_\ell γ$ decay.
description: Matches with the published version
Dynamics of the relativistic electron spin in an electromagnetic field
Creators: name: Mondal, Ritwik
name: Oppeneer, Peter M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A relativistic spin operator cannot be uniquely defined within relativistic quantum mechanics. Previously, different proper relativistic spin operators have been proposed, such as spin operators of the Foldy-Wouthuysen and Pryce type, that both commute with the free-particle Dirac Hamiltonian and represent constants of motion. Here we consider the dynamics of a relativistic electron spin in an external electromagnetic field. We use two different Hamiltonians to derive the corresponding spin dynamics. These two are: (a) the Dirac Hamiltonian in presence of an external field, (b) the semirelativistic expansion of the same. Considering the Foldy-Wouthuysen and Pryce spin operators we show that these lead to different spin dynamics in an external electromagnetic field, which offers possibilities to distinguish their action. We find that the dynamics of both spin operators involve spin-dependent and spin-independent terms, however, the Foldy-Wouthuysen spin dynamics additionally accounts for the relativistic particle-antiparticle coupling. We conclude that the Pryce spin operator provides a suitable description of the relativistic spin dynamics in a weak-to-intermediate external field, whereas the Foldy-Wouthuysen spin operator is more suitable in the strong field regime.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 2 of TAMA: improved metagenomic sequence classification through meta-analysis
Creators: name: Mikang Sim
name: Jongin Lee
name: Daehwan Lee
name: Daehong Kwon
name: Kim, Jaebum
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure S1. Performance evaluation results of read classification for the genus rank. Boxplots indicate the distribution of (A) F1-score, (B) recall and (C) precision of read classification in 10 genomes dataset (left), 50 genomes dataset (center), and 100 genomes dataset (right). Supplementary Figure S2. Performance evaluation results of read classification for the family rank. Boxplots indicate the distribution of (A) F1-score, (B) recall and (C) precision of read classification in 10 genomes dataset (left), 50 genomes dataset (center), and 100 genomes dataset (right). Supplementary Figure S3. Performance evaluation results of read classification for the order rank. Boxplots indicate the distribution of (A) F1-score, (B) recall and (C) precision of read classification in 10 genomes dataset (left), 50 genomes dataset (center), and 100 genomes dataset (right). Supplementary Figure S4. Performance evaluation results of read classification for the class rank. Boxplots indicate the distribution of (A) F1-score, (B) recall and (C) precision of read classification in 10 genomes dataset (left), 50 genomes dataset (center), and 100 genomes dataset (right). Supplementary Figure S5. Performance evaluation results of read classification for the phylum rank. Boxplots indicate the distribution of (A) F1-score, (B) recall and (C) precision of read classification in 10 genomes dataset (left), 50 genomes dataset (center), and 100 genomes dataset (right).
Beyond User Self-Reported Likert Scale Ratings: A Comparison Model for Automatic Dialog Evaluation
Creators: name: Liang, Weixin
name: Zou, James
name: Yu, Zhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Open Domain dialog system evaluation is one of the most important challenges in dialog research. Existing automatic evaluation metrics, such as BLEU are mostly reference-based. They calculate the difference between the generated response and a limited number of available references. Likert-score based self-reported user rating is widely adopted by social conversational systems, such as Amazon Alexa Prize chatbots. However, self-reported user rating suffers from bias and variance among different users. To alleviate this problem, we formulate dialog evaluation as a comparison task. We also propose an automatic evaluation model CMADE (Comparison Model for Automatic Dialog Evaluation) that automatically cleans self-reported user ratings as it trains on them. Specifically, we first use a self-supervised method to learn better dialog feature representation, and then use KNN and Shapley to remove confusing samples. Our experiments show that CMADE achieves 89.2% accuracy in the dialog comparison task.
Additional file 1 of Impact of hepatic steatosis on treatment response in nuclesos(t)ide analogue-treated HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a retrospective study
Creators: name: Chen, Yi-Cheng
name: Wen-Juei Jeng
name: Chao-Wei Hsu
name: Chun-Yen Lin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Additional HBeAg seroconversion during long-term follow-up. Supplementary Table 2. HBeAg seroclearance in different nucleos(t)ide analogues with and without hepatic steatosis (HS). Supplementary Table 3. Comparison of baseline characteristics and treatment response among patients with different degrees of histological steatosis. Supplementary Table 4. Baseline clinical characteristics among patients with lamivudine (LAM), entecavir (ETV) and telbivudine (LdT) treatment*.
title: Change management as an integral part of successful project management : utilization of change management steps in a change project in production company
Creators: name: Murgasova, Inge
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: project management
subject: change management
subject: communication in change management
subject: flexible organisation
subject: change agent

description: The automotive industry in Slovakia is very important and dynamic industrial sectors. Its dynamism is reflected through OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturer) to their suppliers and their employees themselves. Periodic changes are not just about customer referrals in production, as well as changes in technology, materials and demands for qualified people. All these changes in production companies don´t happen erratically or individually. Successfully functioning company runs them through project management. Not all Tier suppliers have project management as formal organizational structure, it is usually linear structure. Through project management is a cross functional interaction of people in dealing with day-to-date business now very common. This will be also due to Industry 4.0 and the trends that the automotive industry is expecting within next 15 years. Whether it's an intelligent car connected through Internet of Things, large data stored through cloud services or significantly higher robotics and automation in production processes. This Master Thesis was based on the initial situation of some indicators before the change in MATADOR Industries, a.s. (eg. work productivity, OEE, costs of internal non-quality, fulfillment of planned contracts in %, recruiting cycle time, turnover of employees). Through the different steps of change management will follow how the project team managed achieved improvements in individual specified areas, how employees in the company perceive the change that has overlapped the entire company. The survey gave us the answer which steps were implanted good and which ones weren´t. Highlights the successful steps and key factory of success. As lessons learned be focused on those steps of change management which weren´t implemented well. For better understanding of the change management in the research the author of this Master Thesis chose the 8 steps of changes implementation method by J.P. Kotter. From the outcomes obtained by evaluating the questionnaires the author of the present Thesis found that none of the changes implementation steps is omitted, which creates a very strong basis. To improve the course of individual steps it will suffice to implement quite a small number of corrective measures. This finding is very interesting, because by strengthening just few competencies it is possible to achieve a strong acceleration of people and processes and to use this further in other activities, duties or processes.
Theoretical Models of Superbursts on Accreting Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Cooper, Randall L.
name: Narayan, Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out a general-relativistic global linear stability analysis of the amassed carbon fuel on the surface of an accreting neutron star to determine the conditions under which superbursts occur. We reproduce the general observational characteristics of superbursts, including burst fluences, recurrence times, and the absence of superbursts on stars with accretion rates below 10% of the Eddington limit. By comparing our results with observations, we are able to set constraints on neutron star parameters such as the stellar radius and neutrino cooling mechanism in the core. Specifically, we find that accreting neutron stars with ordered crusts and highly efficient neutrino emission in their cores (due to direct URCA or pionic reactions, for example) produce extremely energetic (> 10^44 ergs) superbursts which are inconsistent with observations, in agreement with previous investigations. Also, because of pycnonuclear burning of carbon, they do not have superbursts in the range of accretion rates at which superbursts are actually observed unless the crust is very impure. Stars with less efficient neutrino emission (due to modified URCA reactions, for example) produce bursts that agree better with observations. Stars with highly inefficient neutrino emission in their cores produce bursts that agree best with observations. All systems that accrete primarily hydrogen and in which superbursts are observed show evidence of H- and He-burning delayed mixed bursts. We speculate that delayed mixed bursts provide sufficient amounts of carbon fuel for superbursts and are thus a prerequisite for having superbursts. We compare our global stability analysis to approximate one-zone criteria used by other authors and identify a particular set of approximations that give accurate results for most choices of parameters. (abstract truncated)
description: 43 pages, 18 figures, accepted by ApJ
Detecting quantum critical points at finite temperature via quantum teleportation: further models
Creators: name: Ribeiro, G. A. P.
name: Rigolin, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In [Phys. Rev. A 107, 052420 (2023)] we showed that the quantum teleportation protocol can be used to detect quantum critical points (QCPs) associated with a couple of different classes of quantum phase transitions, even when the system is away from the absolute zero temperature (T=0). Here, working in the thermodynamic limit (infinite chains), we extend the previous analysis for several other spin-1/2 models. We investigate the usefulness of the quantum teleportation protocol to detect the QCPs of those models when the temperature is either zero or greater than zero. The spin chains we investigate here are described by the XXZ model, the XY model, and the Ising model, all of them subjected to an external magnetic field. Specifically, we use a pair of nearest neighbor qubits from an infinite spin chain at thermal equilibrium with a reservoir at temperature T as the resource to execute the quantum teleportation protocol. We show that the ability of this pair of qubits to faithfully teleport an external qubit from the chain is dramatically affected as we cross the QCPs related to the aforementioned models. The results here presented together with the ones of [Phys. Rev. A 107, 052420 (2023)] suggest that the quantum teleportation protocol is a robust and quite universal tool to detect QCPs even when the system of interest is far from the absolute zero temperature.
description: 15 pages, 23 figures, double column, RevTex4; v2: published version
title: Research of the current status of a fuel cell vehicle to be driven in the area of Vienna, Austria by 2017 and future procpects in 2025
Creators: name: Kolb, Sascha
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Research- fuel
subject: cell
subject: vehicle-Vienna-today 2017
subject: outlook 2025

description: By this master thesis the following question will be answered: Is it possible to use a fuel cell vehicle for daily driving around Vienna, Austria, by today and in 2025? Starting point question for hypothesis and used methods Research of the current status of a fuel cell vehicle to be driven in the area of Vienna, Austria by 2017 and future prospects in 2025 Is there an advantage for public transport by using the fuel cell technology? How many fuel cell stations does exist already in the area of Vienna and how about future plans? Find out by reviewing press releases, published in the internet about the current status, activities and future plans. Interview organization, like the Austrian “OEAMTC” to get a direct feedback about using already today fuel cell cars in Austria. Interview of experts using a battery EV for comparison. Investigate in already established organizations, which are dealing with the fuel cell technology. Find out about the current status and future plans of the OEM´s. Review the existing regulations from the Government and the European Union, like promotion for using alternative power units, CO2 reduction with the final goal to have zero emissions. How about the initiatives for E-mobility by using batteries? So far there are no scientific research results available. Results The result will be an answer, if it´s possible to use a fuel cell cars around Vienna, under the circumstances given by today, or in the near future until 2025? Which power train solution, fuel cell versus battery concept will be the better one? Provide a clear structure of advantages and disadvantages for each technology today and in the near future. What might be the “optimal” solution for individual transportation and which one for public transportation. And which kind of infrastructure, mind setting and Government regulation we have to have in place to be able to use a fuel cell power train vehicle.
Performance limits due to thermal transport in graphene single-photon bolometers
Creators: name: Fried, Caleb
name: Russell, B. Jordan
name: Arnault, Ethan G.
name: Huang, Bevin
name: Lee, Gil-Ho
name: Englund, Dirk
name: Henriksen, Erik A.
name: Fong, Kin Chung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In high-sensitivity bolometers and calorimeters, the photon absorption often occurs at a finite distance from the temperature sensor to accommodate antennas or avoid the degradation of superconducting circuitry exposed to radiation. As a result, thermal propagation from the input to the temperature readout can critically affect detector performance. In this report we model the performance of a graphene bolometer, accounting for electronic thermal diffusion and dissipation via electron-phonon coupling at low temperatures in three regimes: clean, supercollision, and resonant scattering. Our results affirm the feasibility of a superconducting readout without Cooper-pair breaking by mid- and near-infrared photons, and provide a recipe for designing graphene absorbers for calorimetric single-photon detectors. We investigate the tradeoff between the input-readout distance and detector efficiency, and predict an intrinsic timing jitter of ~2.7 ps. Based on our result, we propose a spatial-mode-resolving photon detector to increase communication bandwidth.
FANG: Leveraging Social Context for Fake News Detection Using Graph Representation
Creators: name: Nguyen, Van-Hoang
name: Sugiyama, Kazunari
name: Nakov, Preslav
name: Kan, Min-Yen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose Factual News Graph (FANG), a novel graphical social context representation and learning framework for fake news detection. Unlike previous contextual models that have targeted performance, our focus is on representation learning. Compared to transductive models, FANG is scalable in training as it does not have to maintain all nodes, and it is efficient at inference time, without the need to re-process the entire graph. Our experimental results show that FANG is better at capturing the social context into a high fidelity representation, compared to recent graphical and non-graphical models. In particular, FANG yields significant improvements for the task of fake news detection, and it is robust in the case of limited training data. We further demonstrate that the representations learned by FANG generalize to related tasks, such as predicting the factuality of reporting of a news medium.
description: To appear in CIKM 2020
JIZZAX VILOYATINING AYRIM TUPROQ SHAROITLARINI TAHLILI VA TUPROQ TARKIBIDAGI MIKROORGANIZMLAR FAOLLIGI
Creators: name: Mamirova, Odina
name: Xo'janazarova, Mo'tabar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada o‘rganilgan tadqiqotlar mobaynida Jizzax viloyati Zarbdor tumani sug‘oriladigan yerlari asosan bо‘z-о‘tloqi tuproqlar, о‘tloqi, о‘tloqi-bо‘z va och tusli bо‘z tuproqlar tarqalganligi o‘rganildi.Sug‘oriladigan tuproqlarning mehanik tarkibi,gumus miqdori,harakatcha fosfor va almashinuvchi kaliy miqdori o‘rganildi.Tuproq tarkibidagi foydali bakteriyalar ajratib olindi.