cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Image Processing Method To Investigate Performance and Stability Of Dye Solar Cells
Creators: name: Asghar, M.I.
name: Miettunen, K.
name: Mastroianni, S.
name: Halme, J.
name: Lund, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Organic-based PV

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 563-566
description: In this work, image processing method is demonstrated by analyzing the degradation of dye of solar
cells containing hydrophobic dye Z907 under severe thermal 12 hour long shock test at 110˚C under ultraviolet and
visible light which is applied to accelerate the degradation processes. The results show that the important degradation
processes such as dye desorption and bleaching of electrolyte can be studied with this new method. The method is
also applied to investigate the effect of dye sensitization time on the performance of the cells. The results show that
dye loading time has significant effect on the performance of the cells as to be expected but more importantly it is
shown how the dye loading procedure can be analyzed.
Mechanical Characteristics of BIPV Modules under Different Load Scenarios and Encapsulations
Creators: name: Misara, S.
name: Pornnimit, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3538-3546
description: Up to now, there is no explicit standard or test procedure for mechanical behaviours of BIPV
modules with consideration with its higher operating temperature, bonding characteristics, mounting system, etc.
In this work, the new mechanical load scenarios have been described under consideration of different operating
temperatures and load duration. Moreover, the numerical have been developed based on encapsulation (EVA and
PVB) under 4-side mounting system. Besides, acceptability of EVA foil as a building product is also a major
issue in this study. The numerical model proves that at lower operating temperature, both laminated glass with
EVA or PVB interlayers have better mechanical behaviours than monolithic glass. At higher operating
temperature, the laminated glass with EVA-interlayer shows better mechanical behaviours than with PVBinterlayer
due to lower storage module reduction. For longer load duration, laminated glass with EVA-interlayer
shows much better mechanical behaviours than with PVB-interlayer due to lower creep characteristic. Therefore,
EVA can be proved to be used as laminated safety glass in building applications.
MPEC 2024-R42 : 2024 RY
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 RY

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Muzzle the Shuttle: Efficient Compilation for Multi-Trap Trapped-Ion Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Saki, Abdullah Ash
name: Topaloglu, Rasit Onur
name: Ghosh, Swaroop
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Trapped-ion systems can have a limited number of ions (qubits) in a single trap. Increasing the qubit count to run meaningful quantum algorithms would require multiple traps where ions need to shuttle between traps to communicate. The existing compiler has several limitations which result in a high number of shuttle operations and degraded fidelity. In this paper, we target this gap and propose compiler optimizations to reduce the number of shuttles. Our technique achieves a maximum reduction of $51.17\%$ in shuttles (average $\approx 33\%$) tested over $125$ circuits. Furthermore, the improved compilation enhances the program fidelity up to $22.68$X with a modest increase in the compilation time.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, and 3 tables. Accepted in the 2022 Design Automation and Test in Europe (DATE) Conference
Calibration of the Liverpool Telescope RINGO3 polarimeter
Creators: name: Słowikowska, Aga
name: Krzeszowski, Krzysztof
name: Żejmo, Michał
name: Reig, Pablo
name: Steele, Iain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of polarimetric observations of standard stars performed over the period of more than three years with the RINGO3 polarimeter mounted on the Liverpool Telescope. The main objective was to determine the instrumental polarisation of the RINGO3 polarimeter in three spectral energy ranges: blue (350--640~nm), green (650--760~nm) and red (770--1000~nm). The observations were conducted between 2012 and 2016. The total time span of 1126 days was split into five epochs due to the hardware changes to the observing system. Our results should be applied to calibrate all polarimetric observations performed with the RINGO3 polarimeter.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 14 pages, 20 figures, 10 tables
Modelling Dynamic Controls on Cognitive Response of Users to Visual Stimulus
Creators: name: Isiaka, Fatima
name: Zainab, Adamu
name: Sophia, Al Sharji
Publisher: name: International Journal of Human Computer Interaction and Cognitive Modelling
Year: 2023

description: The concept used in systems on human physiology is very useful and plays an important role in the maintenance and internal stability based on environmental changes. The physiological systems are well known to be based on regulating the functions by mutual interaction between one part of the body and another and this is associated with the homeostasis of physiology than the related independent activities. Different methods have been known to be associated with the identification of different kinds of common interaction between the sensory organs connected to the brain and the peripheral devices we use for our everydaydigital activities, this is basically to understand the connection and occurrence between the user brain and activity processes for ergonomics optimisation. This paper contributes to this field by integrating thedynamic control model with the physiological response modelling to determine the performance in the interaction with basic stimuli from user-generated data. The result shows that the skin temperature andskin conductance response play a prodigious role in the contribution of physiological parameters to predicting user activities and fixation duration has the least error in prediction from the dynamic control models. These parameters can be very useful in robotics for the design of physiological control systems that represent robot-user interactions.
Thresholds for universal concatenated quantum codes
Creators: name: Chamberland, Christopher
name: Jochym-O'Connor, Tomas
name: Laflamme, Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum error correction and fault-tolerance make it possible to perform quantum computations in the presence of imprecision and imperfections of realistic devices. An important question is to find the noise rate at which errors can be arbitrarily suppressed. By concatenating the 7-qubit Steane and 15-qubit Reed-Muller codes, the 105-qubit code enables a universal set of fault-tolerant gates despite not all of them being transversal. Importantly, the CNOT gate remains transversal in both codes, and as such has increased error protection relative to the other single qubit logical gates. We show that while the level-1 pseudo-threshold for the concatenated scheme is limited by the logical Hadamard, the error suppression of the logical CNOT gates allows for the asymptotic threshold to increase by orders of magnitude at higher levels. We establish a lower bound of $1.28~\times~10^{-3}$ for the asymptotic threshold of this code which is competitive with known concatenated models and does not rely on ancillary magic state preparation for universal computation.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. Comments welcome!
Classical electromagnetic model of surface states in topological insulators
Creators: name: Lakhtakia, Akhlesh
name: Mackay, Tom G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A topological insulator is classically modeled as an isotropic dielectric-magnetic with a magnetoelectric pseudoscalar $Ψ$ existing in its bulk while its surface is charge-free and current-free. An alternative model is obtained by setting $Ψ\equiv0$ and incorporating surface charge and current densities characterized by an admittance $γ$. Analysis of plane-wave reflection and refraction due to a topological-insulator half space reveals that the parameters $Ψ$ and $γ$ arise identically in the reflection and transmission coefficients, implying that the two classical models cannot be distinguished on the basis of any scattering scenario. However, as $Ψ$ disappears from the Maxwell equations applicable to any region occupied by the topological insulator, and because surface states exist on topological insulators as protected conducting states, the alternative model must be chosen.
description: 6 pages
Understanding the Contact Mechanism of FS Silver Paste: from Pb-Containing to Pb-Free Pastes
Creators: name: Laudisio, G.
name: Getty, R.
name: Coultart, G.
name: Li, Z.
name: Torardi, T.
name: Lynch Jr., P.
name: Young, R.J.S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2168-2170
description: Thick film metallizations for solar cells enable high efficiency by etching the SiNx ARC layer and
achieving low contact resistance between the Ag electrodes and the emitter. The etching and contacting mechanism is
realized through an oxidation reaction between the frit in the metallization and the SiNx. Most of the commercially
available pastes in the market use lead-containing frits to achieve high performance with current emitters. However
recent directives aiming to reduce hazardous substances restrict the amount of Pb to 0.1wt%. This work shows that
lead-free pastes contact the emitter through the formation of a percolation layer of Ag colloids as previously
demonstrated for lead-containing pastes. Electrical results are presented to support this finding showing that lead-free
pastes can be competitive with lead-containing ones in achieving low contact resistance and high efficiency.
The bound-state solutions of the one-dimensional pseudoharmonic oscillator
Creators: name: Boyack, Rufus
name: Bhuiyan, Asadullah
name: Su, Aneca
name: Marsiglio, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the bound states of a quantum mechanical system consisting of a simple harmonic oscillator with an inverse square interaction, whose interaction strength is governed by a constant $α$. The singular form of this potential has doubly-degenerate bound states for $-1/4\leqα<0$ and $α>0$; since the potential is symmetric, these consist of even and odd-parity states. In addition we consider a regularized form of this potential with a constant cutoff near the origin. For this regularized potential, there are also even and odd-parity eigenfunctions for $α\geq-1/4$. For attractive potentials within the range $-1/4\leqα<0$, there is an even-parity ground state with increasingly negative energy and a probability density that approaches a Dirac delta function as the cutoff parameter becomes zero. These properties are analogous to a similar ground state present in the regularized one-dimensional hydrogen atom. We solve this problem both analytically and numerically, and show how the regularized excited states approach their unregularized counterparts.
Development of Nanoimprint Lithography for Solar Cell Texturisation
Creators: name: Hauser, H.
name: Michl, B.
name: Schwarzkopf, S.
name: Müller, C.
name: Hermle, M.
name: Bläsi, B.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2171-2175
description: A novel processing scheme for the defined texturisation of silicon solar cells is presented. This process
chain is based on nanoimprint lithography (NIL) to structure etching masks in combination with plasma etching
processes for the pattern transfer into the silicon substrate. This process chain is intended for the honeycomb
texturing of multicrystalline silicon solar cells. In this study we use high efficiency monocrystalline silicon to
investigate the effect of the processes used without being limited by material related issues. Very high short circuit
current densities exceeding 40 mA/cm² are demonstrated. Besides this proof of concept related studies, we report on
our progress in developing a roller-NIL tool to allow a continuous process flow for structuring high-resolution
etching masks.
Appetite regulation and lean mass: considerations in people with a spinal cord injury
Creators: name: Fenton, Jordan
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified

description: People with a spinal cord injury (SCI) experience substantial changes in body composition, including increased adiposity and reduced fat-free mass. These changes augment the risk of obesity and related co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about how chronic SCI influences appetite regulation, eating behaviours and obesity risk. Further, the optimal method(s) for maximising skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in the paralysed limbs of people with SCI, and the associated cardiometabolic benefits, are not established. Chapter 3 of this thesis identified no differences in postprandial appetite-related hormone responses (peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, and acylated ghrelin) to an isoenergetic preload between people with versus without SCI (matched for age, sex, and BMI). However, participants with SCI experienced elevated perceptions of postprandial satiety compared to the group without SCI. This may have been due to the group with SCI consuming a relatively larger test meal, given that energy requirements are typically lower in people with, compared to without, SCI. Accordingly, findings from Chapter 4 revealed no differences in postprandial appetite perceptions between people with versus without SCI following a meal standardised for resting metabolic rate (RMR). Food reward for sweet foods was greater in people with SCI, compared to the group without SCI, in fed and hungry states. These data imply that reward-related influences on eating behaviour more likely underpin obesity risk in this clinical population, rather than homeostatic factors. Chapter 5 sought to appraise interventions (exercise and non-exercise) aimed at increasing SMM in the paralysed limbs of people with chronic, motor complete SCI. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation-based resistance training (NMES-RT) demonstrated the greatest efficacy in this population. Chapter 6 examined the augmentative effects of NMES-RT with (PRO), versus without (CON), daily protein supplementation on body composition and cardiometabolic markers. NMES-RT increased leg and thigh lean mass, but protein supplementation did not potentiate effects. These preliminary findings require additional scrutiny through fully powered efficacy studies.
Вестник научной мысли,Выпуск 2 2021
Creators: name: Дагестанский территориальный институт профессиональных бухгалтеров
Publisher: name: Дагестанский территориальный институт профессиональных бухгалтеров
Year: 2021

description: Вестник научной мысли,Выпуск 2 2021
Laser Doped Emitter Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Paviet-Salomon, B.
name: Gall, S.
name: Manuel, S.
name: Monna, R.
name: Slaoui, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2179-2182
description: A selective emitter patterning scheme featuring a single additional step compared to standard process
has been developed. Using a high-frequency Q-switched laser and the phosphosilicate glass layer (PSG) as a dopant
source, areas below front fingers were heavily doped while areas between them were kept lowly doped, thus realizing
a selective emitter. Applying this process to 125PSQ p-type FZ silicon wafers we were able to demonstrate an overall
gain in efficiency of +0.6 % absolute. This gain is due to improved short-circuit current density and open-circuit
voltage, the fill-factor being kept virtually constant.
Harmed While Anonymous
Creators: name: Pałka, Przemysław
Publisher: name: Technology and Regulation
Year: 2023

description: Data law and policy assume that harms to individuals can result only from personal data processing. Conversely, generation and use of non-personal data supposedly create new value while presenting no risk to individual interests or fundamental rights. Consequently, the law treats these two categories differently, constraining generation, use, and sharing of the former while incentivizing the latter. This article challenges this assumption. It proposes to divide data-related harms into two high-level categories: unwanted disclosure and detrimental use. It demonstrates how personal/non-personal data distinction prevents unwanted disclosure but fails to capture, and unintendedly enables, detrimental use of data. As a remedy, the article proposes a new concept – data about humans – and illustrates how it could advance data law and policy.
description: Technology and Regulation, Vol. 2023 (2023)
USE OF BODY LANGUAGE İN TEACHİNG TURKISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Creators: name: OZTURK, Esra
name: KARABEY, Esma
Publisher: name: Academy Global
Year: 2024

description: USE OF BODY LANGUAGE İN TEACHİNG TURKISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Abstract: The use of body language is an important issue in teaching Turkish to foreigners. Signals transmitted to the other party using body language, including gestures and facial expressions, are important in order to keep the student's interest in the lesson active and lively. The country and gender of the students with whom communication will be established are situations that should be paid particular attention to in terms of body language use. Because body language use may vary from country to country. Body language is an important factor in the formation of first impressions. When learning a foreign language, the individual learning that language is first an observer in the classroom. This is also the case for learners who will learn Turkish for the first time in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. The student, who is initially an observer in the classroom, focuses on the teacher's gestures and facial expressions. The teacher's smiling, polite, gentle and tolerant demeanor at the first meeting will create positive impressions on the student. At this point, the effective use of body language in teaching Turkish as a foreign language provides advantages for both the teacher and the learner. The teacher's body language and effective communication skills will make the learner eager to learn the language. In teaching Turkish as a foreign language, it is necessary to evaluate body language in terms of the use of the teacher and the student. While the teacher uses correct and effective body language, he/she should also be able to interpret the student's body language and direct the teaching process accordingly. Teaching body language movements specific to the Turkish society will bring liveliness to the lesson and will make the foreign student interactive with that society. Having a mobile body structure draws attention and interest to the student in every sense. If the teacher sees the class as a stage and teaches the lesson while standing as much as possible using body language actively, this will positively affect the student's participation in the lesson and will ensure that the lesson is more efficient and productive. This study discusses the importance and use of body language in teaching Turkish as a foreign language.

Key Words: Teaching Turkish as a foreign language, body language, instructor, student.
Selective Laser Ablation of Dielectrics on Textured N Type Wafers
Creators: name: Jin, Y.
name: Yoon, P.W.
name: Park, C.
name: Jang, J.
name: Kim, J.
name: Shim, G.
name: Choe, Y.
name: Jeong, J.-W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 507-511
description: Selective laser ablations were performed for aluminum oxide/silicon nitride (Al2O3/SiNx) stack. An Al2O3/SiNx stack on n-type CZ wafer, undiffused and diffused, was selectively ablated with UV laser. Two test structures were prepared for the evaluation of lifetime degradation introduced during laser process. Whole mask pattern, including 1.5mm-wide busbars and 40um-wide fingers, was ablated only on the front side of a wafer. Then, lifetime is investigated by micro PCD.  The other test structure has four areas of 50mmx50mm rectangle ablated by laser on both sides of wafer, i.e. symmetric samples, for micro PCD and QSSPC measurement. An observed lifetime degradation, which was significant in case of undiffused wafers, was considerably less for diffused wafers. This implies that laser ablation process, combined with plating technology, can be integrated into industrial solar cell production without reducing efficiency of a solar cell.
Bradley-Terry Modeling with Multiple Game Outcomes with Applications to College Hockey
Creators: name: Whelan, John T.
name: Klein, Jacob E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62F15 (Primary) 62F07 (Secondary)

description: The Bradley-Terry model has previously been used in both Bayesian and frequentist interpretations to evaluate the strengths of sports teams based on win-loss game results. It has also been extended to handle additional possible results such as ties. We implement a generalization which includes multiple possible outcomes such as wins or losses in regulation, overtime, or shootouts. A natural application is to ice hockey competitions such as international matches, European professional leagues, and NCAA hockey, all of which use a zero-sum point system which values overtime and shootout wins as 1/3 of a win, and overtime and shootout losses as 1/3 of a win. We incorporate this into the probability model, and evaluate the posterior distributions for the associated strength parameters using techniques such as Gaussian expansion about maximum a posteriori estimates, and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, proceeding for the 2021 UP-STAT conference; submitted to Mathematics for Applications
Manufacturing of Nanostructured Transparent Electrodes Using Soft Lithography Techniques
Creators: name: Schumm, B.
name: Fritsch, J.
name: Grothe, J.
name: Kaskel, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 522-525
description: In this work we present simple printing processes for the manufacturing of nanostructured transparent
electrodes. The soft lithography processing of both, TCO materials and metallic films are presented. As TCO we used
Cd2SnO4 (CTO) synthesized via a polymeric precursor route. Hereby, line gratings with feature sizes down to 400 nm
in width and a sheet resistance of 235 Ω were realized. For the deposition of metallic films a silver pyrrolidone
complex was used. Structured conductive films with sheet resistances between 6,5 and 50 could be obtained.
Detailed synthetic, deposition and post deposition procedures are presented as well as their optimization.
Ready for the EU Digital Services Act?
Creators: name: Kollnig, Konrad
name: Shadbolt, Nigel
Publisher: name: Technology and Regulation
Year: 2023

description: Ample past research highlighted that privacy problems are widespread in mobile apps and can have disproportionate impacts on individuals. However, doing such research remains hard and an arms race with those who engage in invasive data practices. This is why this paper analyses how decisions by Apple and Google, the makers of the two primary app ecosystems (iOS and Android), currently hold back app privacy research. We base our analysis on a thorough review of the academic literature and on many years of experience in working in the space. Such an analysis is timely and pertinent, given that Article 31 of the upcoming EU Digital Services Act (DSA) will oblige Very Large Online Platforms to enable researchers study ‘systemic risks’.
description: Technology and Regulation, Vol. 2023 (2023)
Bounded Distance-control for Multi-UAV Formation Safety and Preservation in Target-tracking Applications
Creators: name: Hegde, Aditya
name: Aloor, Jasmine Jerry
name: Ghose, Debasish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 93-10

description: The notion of safety in multi-agent systems assumes great significance in many emerging collaborative multi-robot applications. In this paper, we present a multi-UAV collaborative target-tracking application by defining bounded inter-UAV distances in the formation in order to ensure safe operation. In doing so, we address the problem of prioritizing specific objectives over others in a multi-objective control framework. We propose a barrier Lyapunov function-based distributed control law to enforce the bounds on the distances and assess its Lyapunov stability using a kinematic model. The theoretical analysis is supported by numerical results, which account for measurement noise and moving targets. Straight-line and circular motion of the target are considered, and results for quadratic Lyapunov function-based control, often used in multi-agent multi-objective problems, are also presented. A comparison of the two control approaches elucidates the advantages of our proposed safe-control in bounding the inter-agent distances in a formation. A concluding evaluation using ROS simulations illustrates the practical applicability of the proposed control to a pair of multi-rotors visually estimating and maintaining their mutual separation within specified bounds, as they track a moving target.
description: Published in the Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering. 2022. Paper is 11 pages, 10 figures
Efficient Light Trapping for Si Solar Cells Using Wavelength Scale Asymmetric Dielectric Gratings
Creators: name: Mokkapati, S.
name: Wilson, J.
name: Chong, T.K.
name: Catchpole, K.R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 526-528
description: Dielectric gratings are a promising method of achieving light trapping for thin crystalline silicon solar
cells. In this paper, we examine the potential performance of thin (3 μm thick) silicon solar cells with wavelength
scale titanium dioxide (TiO2) gratings using numerical simulations. The square pyramid structure on the front
provides the best light trapping among all the symmetric structures investigated, with an expected short circuit current
density (Jsc) of 28.2 mA/cm2. Introducing asymmetry into the grating structures can further improve their light
trapping properties. An optimized skewed TiO2 grating on the rear results in 84% of the Jsc expected from a rear
Lambertian scatterer. The results show that sub-micron symmetric and skewed pyramid gratings of TiO2 are a highly
effective way of achieving light trapping in thin film solar cells.
Learning Efficient Policies for Picking Entangled Wire Harnesses: An Approach to Industrial Bin Picking
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinyi
name: Domae, Yukiyasu
name: Wan, Weiwei
name: Harada, Kensuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Wire harnesses are essential connecting components in manufacturing industry but are challenging to be automated in industrial tasks such as bin picking. They are long, flexible and tend to get entangled when randomly placed in a bin. This makes it difficult for the robot to grasp a single one in dense clutter. Besides, training or collecting data in simulation is challenging due to the difficulties in modeling the combination of deformable and rigid components for wire harnesses. In this work, instead of directly lifting wire harnesses, we propose to grasp and extract the target following a circle-like trajectory until it is untangled. We learn a policy from real-world data that can infer grasps and separation actions from visual observation. Our policy enables the robot to efficiently pick and separate entangled wire harnesses by maximizing success rates and reducing execution time. To evaluate our policy, we present a set of real-world experiments on picking wire harnesses. Our policy achieves an overall 84.6% success rate compared with 49.2% in baseline. We also evaluate the effectiveness of our policy under different clutter scenarios using unseen types of wire harnesses. Results suggest that our approach is feasible for handling wire harnesses in industrial bin picking.
description: 8 pages, IEEE RA-L
Cener Results on Design Qualification Testing of PV Modules
Creators: name: Díaz, J.
name: Lagunas, A.R.
name: Cueli, A.B.
name: Moracho, J.
name: Cuadra, J.M.
name: Petrina, I.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3513-3516
description: The objective of this paper is to analyze the historical data of the tests performed by the PV module
testing laboratory of CENER to crystalline silicon modules. The compiled results of more than 7 years of operation
allow the identification of the most frequent failures occurred during the stress tests included in the IEC 61215
standard. Failures are classified depending on the type of defect detected by the diagnostic tools: visual inspection,
maximum power determination and dry and wet insulation tests. The statistical results of power degradation for each
stress test applied and analysis of evolution cosmetic defects are also shown.
Results of Improved Thermal Cycle Testing of Crystalline Solar Modules
Creators: name: Geipel, T.
name: Möller, J.
name: Zemen, Y.
name: Pingel, S.
name: Berghold, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3517-3522
description: Modules in the qualification test according to IEC 61215 Ed. 2 have to undergo a thermal cycling test
which is intended „to determine the ability of the module to withstand thermal mismatch, fatigue and other stresses
caused by repeated changes of temperature“. Especially the stability of the solder bonds is tested. The IEC standard
allots an additional current flow equal to Impp through the module during the TC-test. It is apparent that mechanical
stress during module life can lead to cell breakage which can have significant effects during temperature cycles.
Therefore, the main intention of this work is to make TC-tests of crystalline solar modules more relevant to outdoor
conditions and more sensitive to material or process flaws. Results from different TC-test sequences of modules are
presented and compared. It can be seen that TC with preceding mechanical stability test is most sensitive to soldering
quality. To achieve these results, conventional soldering equipment was applied to produce standard modules. The
solder bonds are characterized by peeling tests. I-V curves and electroluminescence is utilized to analyze the
modules. They are exposed to different TC-test sequences, with and without preceding mechanical stability test and
additional current flow during the climatic chamber exposure. The results are presented and links to the soldering
characterization are given.
Quantum Noise of Gravitons and Stochastic Force on Geodesic Separation
Creators: name: Cho, H. T.
name: Hu, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we consider the effects of gravitons and their fluctuations on the dynamics of two masses using the Feynman-Vernon influence functional formalism, applied to nonequilibrium quantum field theory and semiclassical stochastic gravity earlier by Calzetta, Hu and Verdaguer [1-3], and most recently, to this problem by Parikh, Wilczek and Zahariade [4-6]. The Hadamard function of the gravitons yields the noise kernel acting as a stochastic tensorial force in a Langevin equation governing the motion of the separation of the two masses. The fluctuations of the separation due to the graviton noise are then solved for various quantum states including the Minkowski vacuum, thermal, coherent and squeezed states. The previous considerations of Parikh et al. are only for some selected modes of the graviton, while in this work we have included all graviton modes and polarizations. We comment on the possibility of detecting these fluctuations in primordial gravitons using interferometors with long baselines in deep space experiments.
description: 43 pages
Influence of the Al-Si Alloy Formation in Narrow Dielectric Barrier Openings on the Specific Contact Resistance
Creators: name: Urrejola, E.
name: Peter, K.
name: Glatz-Reichenbach, J.
name: Plagwitz, H.
name: Schubert, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2176-2178
description: A full area Al-alloyed back surface field layer usually forms the rear side of standard p-type Si solar cells.
However, a dielectric rear surface passivation with only small local contact openings has significant advantages over the
standard fully covered Al back contact, and enables higher efficiencies on thinner wafers. This article presents a specific
analysis of the formation of small localized contacts between Al and Si. We observe that the contact resistivity of screen
printed Al fingers depends on the homogeneity of the Al-Si alloy formation below the contacts. The contact resistivity
decreases when reducing the contact area, due to a more homogeneous alloy formation. The optimal contact formation is
achieved with contact areas smaller than 50 – 80 mm in diameter.
Gender Perception of Static Contents Based on Pupil Dilation in Cognitive Response
Creators: name: Isiaka, Fatima
name: Adamu, Fareeda
Publisher: name: International Journal of Cognitive and User Behaviour Modelling
Year: 2023

description: Research has shown that the eyes are the windows to the soul, and the pupils are the gateway to the brain. When a person’s eyes set sight on things around them, they normally track different features around them; both the corneas of the eyes and tissues surrounding the lenses adjust to focus on the light that conveys a scene visible to the scene around them. The pupil changes are also a measure of the cognitive load in a person and this paper tends to address the level of cognition in a person based on gender effects and the cognitive level in visual perception from static contents of the visual scene to area of interest. The cognitive level is based on the average, complex, neutral, relaxed, and stressful mood of a person and these are measured based and sequential values assigned as classes of cognitive level that represent the cognition level of a person. An error was computed for each trial and the result shows that the Average and complex mood of the user in reaction to the static contents is more predicted in the other set class of cognitive level both on the male and female gender than when the gender is mixed. These results can be reflected in the response pupil behaviour of the eye movement on the static contents.
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Based Hetero Back Contact
Creators: name: Ehling, C.
name: Hamann, L.
name: Schubert, M.B.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2186-2189
description: This paper presents a PC1D numerical simulation of heterojunction back contacts for silicon solar
cells. We replace the aluminum back contact of industrial screen-printed monocrystalline silicon solar cells by a
low temperature layer sequence to boost the absolute power conversion efficiency . The hetero back contact
consists of a hydrogenated, intrinsic amorphous silicon (i) a-Si:H passivation layer with a thickness of a few
nanometers. The PC1D model investigates the influence of the passivation layer thickness on output parameters
of the solar cell. For the optimal intrinsic layer thickness d = 4.5 nm, the simulation shows a maximum gain in
power conversion efficiency of  ∆= + 0.8 %, confirming the experimental results. The efficiency improvement
results from the optimized back side passivation, leading to a measured and simulated open circuit voltage
increase ∆VOC ≥ + 20 mV and an enhanced short circuit current density ∆JSC ≥ + 0.6 mA cm-2.
A New Algorithm to Simulate the First Exit Times of a Vector of Brownian Motions, with an Application to Finance
Creators: name: Kao, Chiu-Yen
name: Peng, Qidi
name: Schellhorn, Henry
name: Zhu, Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide a new methodology to simulate the first exit times of a vector of Brownian motions from an orthant. This new approach can be used to simulate the first exit times of dimension higher than two. When at least one Brownian motion has non-zero drift, the joint density function of the first exit times in N dimensions needs to be known, or approximated. However, when the drifts are all zero, a simpler simulation algorithm is obtained without using the joint density function.
Newtonian mechanics in a Riemannian manifold
Creators: name: Muñoz-Lecanda, Miguel-C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53Z05, 70G45, 70F99

description: The work done by Isaac Newton more than three hundred years ago, continues being a path to increase our knowledge of Nature. To better understand all the ideas behind it, one of the finest ways is to generalize them to wider situations. In this report we make a review of one of these enlargements, the one that bears the mechanical systems from the elementary homogeneous three dimensional Euclidean space to the more abstract geometry of a Riemannian manifold.
description: 29 pages
The nature of the electrical conduction in ferromagnetic atomic-size contacts: insights from shot noise measurements and theoretical simulations
Creators: name: Vardimon, Ran
name: Matt, Manuel
name: Nielaba, Peter
name: Cuevas, Juan Carlos
name: Tal, Oren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the goal to elucidate the nature of spin-dependent electronic transport in ferromagnetic atomic contacts, we present here a combined experimental and theoretical study of the conductance and shot noise of metallic atomic contacts made of the 3d ferromagnetic materials Fe, Co, and Ni. For comparison, we also present the corresponding results for the noble metal Cu. Conductance and shot noise measurements, performed using a low-temperature break junction setup, show that in these ferromagnetic nanowires: (i) there is no conductance quantization of any kind, (ii) transport is dominated by several partially-open conduction channels, even in the case of single-atom contacts, and (iii) the Fano factor of large contacts saturates to values that clearly differs from those of monovalent (nonmagnetic) metals. We rationalize these observations with the help of a theoretical approach that combines molecular dynamics simulations to describe the junction formation with nonequilibrium Green's function techniques to compute the transport properties within the Landauer-Buettiker framework. Our theoretical approach successfully reproduces all the basic experimental results and it shows that all the observations can be traced back to the fact that the d bands of the minority-spin electrons play a fundamental role in the transport through ferromagnetic atomic-size contacts. These d bands give rise to partially open conduction channels for any contact size, which in turn lead naturally to the different observations described above. Thus, the transport picture for these nanoscale ferromagnetic wires that emerges from the ensemble of our results is clearly at variance with the well established conduction mechanism that governs the transport in macroscopic ferromagnetic wires, where the d bands are responsible for the magnetism but do not take part in the charge flow.
description: 17 pages and 13 figures
Highest Weight Generating functions for hyperKahler T*(G/H) spaces
Creators: name: Hanany, Amihay
name: Ramgoolam, Sanjaye
name: Rodriguez-Gomez, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an efficient procedure for counting holomorphic functions on a hyperKahler cone that has a resolution as a cotangent bundle of a homogeneous space by providing a formula for computing the corresponding Highest Weight Generating function.
description: 15 pages, no figures
Gravitationally Mediated Entanglement: Newtonian Field vs. Gravitons
Creators: name: Danielson, Daine L.
name: Satishchandran, Gautam
name: Wald, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that if the Newtonian gravitational field of a body can mediate entanglement with another body, then it should also be possible for the body producing the Newtonian field to entangle directly with on-shell gravitons. Our arguments are made by revisiting a gedankenexperiment previously analyzed by Belenchia et al., which showed that a quantum superposition of a massive body requires both quantized gravitational radiation and local vacuum fluctuations of the spacetime metric in order to avoid contradictions with complementarity and causality. We provide a precise and rigorous description of the entanglement and decoherence effects occurring in this gedankenexperiment, thereby significantly improving upon the back-of-the-envelope estimates given in the analysis of Belenchia et al. and also showing that their conclusions are valid in much more general circumstances. As a by-product of our analysis, we show that under the protocols of the gedankenexperiment, there is no clear distinction between entanglement mediated by the Newtonian gravitational field of a body and entanglement mediated by on-shell gravitons emitted by the body. This suggests that Newtonian entanglement implies the existence of graviton entanglement and supports the view that the experimental discovery of Newtonian entanglement may be viewed as implying the existence of the graviton.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures. Minor editorial changes in v2 and v3
Configuration Dependence of Band Gap Narrowing and Localization in Dilute GaAs_{1-x} Bi_x Alloys
Creators: name: Bannow, Lars C.
name: Rubel, Oleg
name: Rosenow, Phil
name: Badescu, Stefan C.
name: Hader, Jorg
name: Moloney, Jerome V.
name: Tonner, Ralf
name: Koch, Stephan W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anion substitution with bismuth (Bi) in III-V semiconductors is an effective method for experimental engineering of the band gap Eg at low Bi concentrations, in particular in gallium arsenide (GaAs). The inverse Bi-concentration dependence of Eg has been found to be linear at low concentrations x and dominated by a valence band-defect level anticrossing between As and Bi occupied p levels. This dependence breaks down at high concentrations where empirical models accounting only for the As-Bi interaction are not applicable. Predictive models for the valence band hybridization require a first-principle understanding which can be obtained by density functional theory with the main challenges being the proper description of Eg and the spin-orbit coupling. By using an efficient method to include these effects, it is shown here that at high concentrations Eg is modified mainly by a Bi-Bi p orbital interaction and by the large Bi atom-induced strain. This points to the role of different atomic configurations obtained by varying the experimental growth conditions in engineering arsenide band gaps, in particular for telecommunication laser technology.
description: 22 pages, 10 Figures