cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Numerical Continuation of Invariant Solutions of the Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation
Creators: name: López, Vanessa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of computation and deformation of group orbits of solutions of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) with cubic nonlinearity in $1\!+\!1$ space-time dimension invariant under the action of the three-dimensional Lie group of symmetries $A(x,t) \rightarrow \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}θ}A(x+σ,t+τ)$. From an initial set of group orbits of invariant solutions, for a particular point in the parameter space of the CGLE, we obtain new sets of group orbits of invariant solutions via numerical continuation along paths in the moduli space. The computed solutions along the continuation paths are unstable, and have multiple modes and frequencies active in their spatial and temporal spectra, respectively. Structural changes in the moduli space resulting in symmetry gaining / breaking associated often with the spatial reflection symmetry $A(x,t) \rightarrow A(-x,t)$ of the CGLE were frequently uncovered in the parameter regions traversed.
title: Assessing the potential of channel re-meandering for flood attenuation: a detailed case study of the restoration of the Eddleston Water, Scotland
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Costaz-Puyou, Isabelle
Publisher: name: University of Dundee
Year: 2022

description: Natural Flood Management (NFM) focusses on the use of natural catchment characteristics and processes to complement the traditional approach based on hard structures in adapting to the increasing flood risk. The Eddleston Water Project began in 2009 and has led to the implementation of a large number of NFM measures within this 69 km² rural catchment of the Scottish Borders. One type of measure is the re-meandering of a 1.6 km long reach (final length) of the Eddleston Water in its central part. This PhD thesis assesses the impact from this remeandered reach on flood attenuation using a combination of three methodologies.

First, the observed hydrologic time series provided by the dense local network were analysed before and after the re-meandering, five metrics related to peak flow hydrograph characteristics were selected, and statistical analyses were performed on their median values. Second, the geomorphic changes of the study reach over the period April 2018 - May 2020 were estimated by repeat topographic surveys. A sediment budget was estimated and combined with the changes in geomorphic units, geomorphic mechanisms at play during that period were identified. Third, 2D hydrodynamic models (HEC-RAS) were built to model design flow events of increasing magnitudes with return periods from 2 to 50 years (Q2y to Q50y) and compare flood dynamics, extents and peak attenuation from three channel morphologies: the pre-restoration straightened reach, the re-meandered reach in April 2018 and in May 2020.

The results showed a limited increase in flood attenuation with a maximum of 1.2% of peak flow attenuation and 15 minutes of peak travel time delay for a Q5y event. Topographic features within the floodplain play a major role in interacting with the flow dynamics and limiting the space available for the flood to expand and as a consequence limited flood attenuation. The channel incision identified by the repeat topographic surveys was found to have reduced the expected flood attenuation by 0.5% for small flood events (Q2y). The combined use of these three methodologies has proved to be complementary. The limited amount of flood attenuation from this re-meandering was first identified from analysing the observed hydrological time series, then the topographic datasets identified channel incision that opposes flood attenuation and lastly the 2D modelling helped to understand further reasons behind this limited flood attenuation.
Pretrained Spec2Vec model (trained on GNPS AllPositive dataset)
Creators: name: Huber, Florian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Spec2Vec model, mass spectra embeddings, Gensim word2vec model

description: Pretrained Gensim Word2Vec model for Spec2Vec: The model was trained for 15 iterations on the "AllPositive" dataset, created from GNPS positive ionmode mass spectra (95320 spectra after filtering) as fully described here https://github.com/iomega/spec2vec_gnps_data_analysis/blob/master/notebooks/iomega-5b-train-spec2vec-model-all-gnps.ipynb. Updated version v2: The former model was difficult to import using the current version of the spec2vec code. This is hence an re-trained model on the same dataset as before. Since the model initiation is inherently randomized, this model will not produce the exact same word vectors (peak vectors).
Variations of the ISM Compactness Across the Main Sequence of Star-Forming Galaxies: Observations and Simulations
Creators: name: Martínez-Galarza, Juan R.
name: Smith, Howard A.
name: Lanz, Lauranne
name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Zezas, Andreas
name: Rosenthal, Lee
name: Weiner, Aaron
name: Hung, Chao-Ling
name: Ashby, Matthew L. N.
name: Groves, Brent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) The majority of star-forming galaxies follow a simple empirical correlation in the star formation rate (SFR) versus stellar mass ($M_*$) plane, usually referred to as the star formation Main Sequence (MS). Here we combine a set of hydro-dynamical simulations of interacting galactic disks with state-of-the-art radiative transfer codes to analyze how the evolution of mergers is reflected upon the properties of the MS. We present \textsc{Chiburst}, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) code that fits the multi-wavelength, broad-band photometry of galaxies and derives stellar masses, star formation rates, and geometrical properties of the dust distribution. We apply this tool to the SEDs of simulated mergers and compare the derived results with the reference output from the simulations. Our results indicate that changes in the SEDs of mergers as they approach coalescence and depart from the MS are related to an evolution of dust geometry in scales larger than a few hundred parsecs. This is reflected in a correlation between the specific star formation rate (sSFR), and the compactness parameter $\mathcal{C}$, that parametrizes this geometry and hence the evolution of dust temperature ($T_{\rm{dust}}$) with time. As mergers approach coalescence, they depart from the MS and increase their compactness, which implies that moderate outliers of the MS are consistent with late-type mergers. By further applying our method to real observations of Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs), we show that the merger scenario is unable to explain these extreme outliers of the MS. Only by significantly increasing the gas fraction in the simulations are we able to reproduce the SEDs of LIRGs.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted in ApJ
title: Utilising anionic branched polymerisation techniques for the synthesis of novel nanoparticles
Creators: name: Alhilfi, Tamara
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: Anionic polymerisation techniques have been optimised to develop a “one-pot”, facile method to produce both linear and branched polystyrenes utilising the “Strathclyde” route to highly branched structures. ATRP was investigated as a possible method but anionic polymerisation was found to give much better control over the size and structure of polystyrenes produced. Using this anionic polymerisation relatively monodisperse linear polystyrenes were synthesised with dispersity values as low as 1.03 for a polystyrene chain with a targeted degree of polymerisation (DPn) of 100 monomer units. A number of different structures of branched polystyrene were synthesised, and their different physical properties examined by viscometry measurements and differential calorimetry scanning experiments. It has been found that very dense, highly branched materials (with approximations of 48 polymer chains branched together) can be synthesised with a targeted primary chain DPn = 10 monomer units. Weight average molecular weight (Mw) values as high as 992,000 gmol-1 for branched polystyrene can be synthesised with a primary chain length of DPn =50 monomer units. Functional polystyrenes were synthesised both by initiation with an amine containing compound and sec-BuLi, resulting in chain end functionalisation, and also post-functionalised by sulphonation of synthesised polystyrenes, resulting in a statistical distribution along the polymer chains pendant groups. The hydrophilicity could be manipulated by the percentage of sulphonation. At over 30% sulphonation of the pendant polystyrene groups, the polymers become water soluble. Polymer nanoparticles have been synthesised by a nanoprecipitation method from functionalised branched polystyrene synthesised by anionic polymerisation techniques. Nanoparticles synthesised from DPn10 branched sulphonated polystyrenes were analysed by dynamic light scattering and found to be approximately 60nm with dispersity values as low as 0.15. They were found to be stable after 6 months ambienmt storage, and some preliminary testing on the encapsulation of Oil red suggests that the nanoparticles may be capable of encapsulating hydrophobic drugs.
Tunable polyelectrolytes-based coating with high stability and efficacyTunable polyelectrolytes-based coating with high stability and efficacy
Creators: name: Guilbaud-Chéreau, Chloé
name: Akkache, Aghilas
name: Lieu, Lucie
name: Calligaro, Cynthia
name: MATSODOUM NGUEMTE, Pulchérie
name: Letellier, Baptiste
name: Li, Jane
name: Lavalle, Philippe
name: Vrana, Nihal Engin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Tunable polyelectrolytes-based coating with high stability and efficacy
title: Imprint of cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus infections on the immune system of healthy and diseased subjects
Creators: name: Alejenef, Ali
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: Primary infection with both cytomegalovirus (CMV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) usually occurs at an early age, followed by lifelong persistent infection (latency phase). Indeed, frequent reactivation of latent viruses, particularly CMV, can be a major burden to the immune system and can play a role in configuration of the immune system. This thesis set out with the aim of understanding the balance between different arms of the immune system and CMV and also to find out the impact of immune modulation by this virus on the sequelae of coincident coronary artery disease (CAD). Meanwhile, the purpose of the VZV study was to determine the importance of adaptive immunity in protection against VZV reactivation in children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia receiving chemotherapy. The most obvious finding of the current CMV study is that the CMV-seropositive cohort exhibited a remarkable increase in the frequencies of CD28low CD4+, CD28low CD8+ T cells, NKG2Cpos NK Cells and Vδ2neg γδ T cells compared to CMV-seronegative donors. Furthermore, it shows that the expansion of Vδ2neg γδ T cells in CMV carriers is age related and does not correlate with changes in the magnitude of CMV-specific CD4+ or CD8+ T cell frequencies within those individuals. Phenotypically, Vδ2neg γδ T cells were found to be highly differentiated effector memory cells and did not possess ex vivo immediate effector function. In the CAD study, the most striking observation was the differences between AMI (acute myocardial infarction) and PMI (stable post myocardial infarction) patients in term of the distributions of polyfunctional CMV-specific CD4+ T cells that were characterized by the absence of IFNγ but expression of IL-2 plus any other measured functions (i.e CD107a, MIP1β, and/or TNFα). This cell subset was significantly increased in the PMI group. Finally, one of the more significant findings to emerge from the VZV study was the significant reduction in the absolute counts of VZV-specific IFNγ+ CD4 T cells and inversion of the VZV-specific CD4:CD8 (IFNγ producer) T cell ratio in those leukaemic children who developed clinical VZV infection. Contrasting with T cell responses, VZV-specific IgG was detected post primary infection in most patients; however, there was no clear association between the VZV-specific IgG antibody titre and VZV reactivation.
title: Using genomics and population genetics to understand genetic variation in Malawi Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates
Creators: name: Ochola, Harold
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: The natural selection imposed by host immunity and antimalarial drugs has driven extensive adaptive evolution in Plasmodium falciparum, leading to an ever-changing landscape of genetic variation. We have carried out whole-genome sequencing of 93 P. falciparum clinical isolates from Malawi and used population genetic methods to investigate the genetic diversity and regions under selection. In addition, by computing XP-EHH, PCA and FST we have compared the Malawi isolates to five dispersed others (Kenya, Mali, Burkina Faso, Cambodia and Thailand), and identified genes potentially under positive directional selection. Geographic stratification of genetic diversity in the populations followed continental lines and small population differences were observed within Africa. Positive directional selection signals were identified at or near pfdhps, pfcrt, pfmdr1 and pfgch1 (known drug targets) and in several merozoite invasion ligands (e.g., msp3.8, trap and ama1). We discuss the role of drug selection in promoting fixation of alleles between populations with differing adaptation to local drug pressure. Analysis of copy number variation in Malawi provides a detailed catalogue of new and previously identified gene deletions and duplications with critical roles in cytoadherence, gametocytogenesis, invasion and drug response. This work provides the first genome-wide scan of selection and CNV in Malawi to guide future studies in investigating parasite evolution, changing malaria epidemiology, and monitoring and evaluating impact of malaria interventions as they are deployed.
Introduction to the Transverse Spatial Correlations in Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion through the Biphoton Birth Zone
Creators: name: Schneeloch, James
name: Howell, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a tutorial to the spatial aspects of Spontaneous Parametric Downconversion (SPDC), we present a detailed first-principles derivation of the transverse correlation width of photon pairs in degenerate collinear SPDC. This width defines the size of a biphoton birth zone, the region where the signal and idler photons are likely to be found when conditioning on the position of the destroyed pump photon. Along the way, we discuss the quantum-optical calculation of the amplitude for the SPDC process, as well as its simplified form for nearly collinear degenerate phase matching. Following this, we show how this biphoton amplitude can be approximated with a Double-Gaussian wavefunction, and give a brief discussion of the measurement statistics (and subsequent convenience) of such Double-Gaussian wavefunctions. Next, we use this approximation to get a simplified estimation of the transverse correlation width, and compare it to more accurate calculations as well as experimental results. We then conclude with a discussion of the concept of a biphoton birth zone, using it to develop intuition for the tradeoff between the first-order spatial coherence and bipohoton correlations in SPDC.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, 1 table (essential typos corrected in birth zone formulae)
Edge-dominating cycles, k-walks and Hamilton prisms in $2K_2$-free graphs
Creators: name: Mou, Gao
name: Pasechnik, Dmitrii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that an edge-dominating cycle in a $2K_2$-free graph can be found in polynomial time; this implies that every 1/(k-1)-tough $2K_2$-free graph admits a k-walk, and it can be found in polynomial time. For this class of graphs, this proves a long-standing conjecture due to Jackson and Wormald (1990). Furthermore, we prove that for any ε>0 every (1+ε)-tough $2K_2$-free graph is prism-Hamiltonian and give an effective construction of a Hamiltonian cycle in the corresponding prism, along with few other similar results.
description: LaTeX, 8 pages
title: Phenotypic and Genotypic Determinants of Drug Response to Anti-Hyperglycaemic Drugs in White Europeans and Asian Indians
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Gan, Sushrima
Publisher: name: University of Dundee
Year: 2022

description: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease characterized by insulin deficiency, due to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction, and insulin resistance (IR) leading to hyperglycemia. The management of hyperglycemia in T2D has become extraordinarily complex with a large number of medicine regimes being available which creates a major challenge in determining the best approach to achieve and maintain the appropriate level of glycaemic control. Response to anti-hyperglycaemic agents is conditional on phenotypic and pharmacogenetic effects. It is important to determine the contributing factors affecting response to carry out treatment. In this thesis, we have focused on two ethnics groups- white Europeans and Asian Indians to study the phenotypic and genotypic determinants of response to oral anti-hyperglycemic agents. This thesis focuses on the anthropometric and clinical determinants of glycaemic response to treatment with DPP-4I, SU and TZD in T2D individuals from Tayside and Fife, Scotland, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF), India and UKBB populations. We assessed whether anthropometric, clinical and biochemical factors including markers of insulin resistance and insulin secretion are associated with 6-month glycaemic response to DPP-4i, SU and TZD in White Europeans and Asian Indians. In the first half we conducted a meta-analysis on three newer anti-hyperglycaemic agents and showed that Asians responded better to the drugs compared to whites. It is interesting to note that with our data in the combined analyses Asian Indians responded better to all three drugs studied in this thesis. In my study, c-peptide and triglycerides were not associated with response for DPP-4I and HDL-c was not associated with glycaemic response for both the cohorts in our study. The sub-group analysis in the Asian Indian population showed that higher HOMA B is associated with better response. Also, clinical markers of lower beta cell response like longer duration of diabetes were associated with reduced response in the Asian Indian population. I have demonstrated obese women respond very well to TZD whereas slim men respond well to SUs in both Tayside and Fife population (White European) and MDRF population (Asian Indian). Most diabetes intervention trials are undertaken in the West and very few are focused on India. The pronounced difference in response between the two populations mandates ethnicity specific trials to be undertaken in order to move a step forward in the targeted therapy approach.
Yang-Mills connections valued on the octonionic algebra
Creators: name: Restuccia, A.
name: Veiro, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a formulation of Yang-Mills theory where the gauge field is valued on an octonionic algebra and the gauge transformation is the group of automorphisms of it. We show, under mild assumptions, that the only possible gauge formulations are the usual $\mathfrak{su}(2)$ or $\mathfrak{u}(1)$ Yang-Mills theories.
description: Proceedings for the XIX Simposio Chileno de Fisica, SOCHIFI 2014 Conference, 26-28 November 2014, held at Concepcion U., Chile
title: Carbonates from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: Palaeohydrology and geochronology
Creators: name: Rushworth, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: Carbonates are abundant in the Pleistocene sedimentary sequence at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. This study reports their potential for investigating palaeoenvironments and for radiometric dating using U-Pb geochronology. Using their textural characteristics the, commonly nodular, terrestrial carbonates have been placed in one of five groups. By using multiple textural and geochemical analytical techniques, the palaeohydrological origin of each group has been proposed. When referenced to the geographical and stratigraphic framework at the eastern lake margin, the carbonates have been used to identify the palaeohydrological conditions beneath specific land surfaces and how it changed through time. The results identify the onset of synsedimentary faulting below Tuff IB, the palaeohydrological significance of fault control in landscape development, and the persistence of water in discrete settings. This helps to explain why hominin activity is located in certain areas in a fault compartment. The study has proved that detailed investigation of carbonates offers an effective method for understanding the wider palaeohydrology at exposure surfaces and the factors influencing hominin exploitation at particular locations and has the potential to provide a predictive tool for future archaeological investigations. Two types of dolomite are found at different stratigraphic levels, identifying episodes of high Mg/Ca ratios in the lake, and dolomite precipitation occurring in both a basinal and a lake marginal setting. Sand-sized calcite crystals formed in the shallow sub-surface sediments on the lake floor and lake margins under anoxic to sub-oxic conditions. 238U - 206Pb dating of these zoned calcite crystals using Laser Ablation MC-ICP-MS and has produced dates only a little older than those using 40Ar/39Ar on tuffs in the same stratigraphic intervals. 234U/238U activity ratios of the Pleistocene crystals indicate that different levels are more affected by open system behaviour than others. Early-diagenetic, authigenic calcite crystals show exciting promise for directly dating saline, alkaline lake sediments which may be useful in similar hominin sites where geochronology is less well constrained.
Suppression and Revival of Weak Localization through Control of Time-Reversal Symmetry
Creators: name: Müller, Kilian
name: Richard, Jérémie
name: Volchkov, Valentin V.
name: Denechaud, Vincent
name: Bouyer, Philippe
name: Aspect, Alain
name: Josse, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the observation of suppression and revival of coherent backscattering of ultra-cold atoms launched in an optical disorder and submitted to a short dephasing pulse, as proposed in a recent paper of T. Micklitz \textit{et al.} [arXiv:1406.6915]. This observation, in a quasi-2D geometry, demonstrates a novel and general method to study weak localization by manipulating time reversal symmetry in disordered systems. In future experiments, this scheme could be extended to investigate higher order localization processes at the heart of Anderson (strong) localization.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
title: Developing the next generation of design for environment (DFE)tools
Creators: name: Birch, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: Research on the incorporation of environmental considerations into product design is now into its third decade. A recognised way of reducing environmental impacts is through the adoption of DfE tools into the design process. These design tools are intended to assist the designer when attempting environmental design. The potential benefit of DfE tools is fundamental to the success of future design and manufacture. However, utilization by design specialists remains limited. Investigation of the structure and internal mechanisms present in DfE tools has painted a clearer picture for why some tools work well and why others do not. By understanding what makes some tools better than others it has been possible to distil the fundamental features and characteristics from the tools that perform the best, and develop the next generation DfE tool framework. Verification has been possible through quantitative analysis and user testing using a prototype tool, which exploits the framework. The increase in effectiveness could potentially reduce the time taken to conduct an environmental assessment of a product and therefore lead to tools with improved appeal, potentially improving adoption by designers in industry. The significance of this study is that it will lead to a better understanding of how designers interact with DFE tools and methods. By understanding this relatively unknown aspect of DFE tools it will be possible to design future tools to be more effective and useful for the designer.
Cardiovascular risc factors and complications associated with atherosclerosis - their prevalence and control in seniors
Creators: name: Kubíková, Veronika
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: aged
ageism
cardiovascular morbidity
aterosclerosis
risk factors

description: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are currently on the first place among the causes of death worldwide and also in the Czech Republic (CR). The most common causes of death among CVDs are disorders associated with atherosclerosis (ATS). The prevalence of atherosclerosis and their complications increases with increasing age. The aim of this diploma thesis was to document CVS morbidity in geriatric patients in the Czech sample of the EUROAGEISM H2020 project, ESR7 project, mainly the prevalence of CVS disorders associated with ATS, and to evaluate the controll of risk factors associated with general risks of progression of ATS.
MPEC 2024-R288 : 2024 RV13
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 RV13

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Supersymmetric solutions on SU(4)-structure deformed Stenzel space
Creators: name: Prins, Daniël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Stenzel space fourfold is a non-compact Calabi-Yau which is a higher dimensional analogue of the deformed conifold. We consider N = (1,1) type IIA, N = 1 M-theory and N = (2,0) type IIB compactifications on this Stenzel space, thus examining the gravity side of potentially higher dimensional analogues of Klebanov-Strassler-like compactifications. We construct families of SU(4)-structures and solve associated moduli spaces, of complex and symplectic structures amongst others. By making use of these, we can construct IIA compactifications on manifolds homeomorphic to the Stenzel space fourfold, but with complex non-CY SU(4)-structures. Such compactifications are sourced by a distribution of NS5-branes. The external metric is asymptotically conformal AdS_3 and should thus be suitable for holography applications.
description: 55 pages, 2 figures. v3: minor clarifications added, published version
A polynomial formula for the solution of 3D reflection equation
Creators: name: Kuniba, Atsuo
name: Maruyama, Shouya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81R50, 17B37

description: We introduce a family of polynomials in $q^2$ and four variables associated with the quantized algebra of functions $A_q(C_2)$. A new formula is presented for the recent solution of the 3D reflection equation in terms of these polynomials specialized to the eigenvalues of the $q$-oscillator operators.
description: 14 pages. A minor correction in C_{ij} in section 2.1
Zavare et al, 2023, A drought index based on groundwater quantity and quality: Application of multivariate copula analysis, journal of cleaner production
Creators: name: Zavareh, Mohammad M.J.
name: mahjouri, Najmeh
name: Rahimzadegan, Majid
name: Rahimpour, Morteza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400513
subject: Water resources engineering
classificationCode: 410404
subject: Environmental management

description: ​This paper focuses on the increasing severity of drought in Iran and the compound effect of groundwater quality and quantity on this phenomenon, analyzed using the #copula probability function. The research resulted in the development of a multivariate drought index called GQQI. The key findings of this research are as follows: 1. There has been a significant increase in the frequency of drought events in most regions of the basin in recent years. 2. The GQQI is capable of evaluating drought characteristics based on both groundwater depth and salinity, providing a comprehensive understanding of drought conditions. 3. The GQQI demonstrates higher values for drought severity compared to univariate indices, indicating its effectiveness in capturing the true extent of drought events.
Effect of neutrino rest mass on ionization equilibrium freeze-out
Creators: name: Grohs, E.
name: Fuller, G. M.
name: Kishimoto, C. T.
name: Paris, M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how small neutrino rest masses can increase the expansion rate near the photon decoupling epoch in the early universe, causing an earlier, higher temperature freeze-out for ionization equilibrium compared to the massless neutrino case. This yields a larger free-electron fraction. A larger ratio of the sound horizon to the photon diffusion length follows, implying a smaller inferred Neff. This neutrino-mass/recombination effect depends strongly on the neutrino rest masses. Though below current sensitivity, this effect could be probed by next-generation cosmic microwave background experiments, giving an observational handle of neutrino mass physics.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures; reorganized, content unchanged
title: Renormalisation of general N=2 supersymmetric Chern-Simons theories in three dimensions
Creators: name: Luckhurst, Christopher
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: We present exact results for the Beta-functions for the soft-breaking parameters in softly-broken N = 2 Chern-Simons matter theories in terms of the anomalous dimension in the unbroken theory. We check our results explicitly up to the two loop level. We then go on to present results for the planar contribution to the four-loop anomalous dimension for a general N = 2 supersymmetric Chern-Simons theory in three dimensions. These results should facilitate higher-order superconformality checks for theories relevant for the AdS/CFT correspondence. We then go on to discuss possible higher-loop corrections to superconformal invariance for a class of N = 2 supersymmetric Chern-Simons theories including the ABJM model. We argue that corrections are inevitable even for simple generalisations of the ABJM model; but that it is likely that any corrections are of a particular "maximally transcendental" form.
OpTHyLiC: an Optimised Tool for Hybrid Limits Computation
Creators: name: Busato, Emmanuel
name: Calvet, David
name: Theveneaux-Pelzer, Timothée
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A software tool, computing observed and expected upper limits on Poissonian process rates using a hybrid frequentist-Bayesian CLs method, is presented. This tool can be used for simple counting experiments where only signal, background and observed yields are provided or for multi-bin experiments where binned distributions of discriminating variables are provided. It allows the combination of several channels and takes into account statistical and systematic uncertainties, as well as correlations of systematic uncertainties between channels. It has been validated against other software tools and analytical calculations, for several realistic cases.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables. This paper describes the software available at http://opthylic.in2p3.fr
SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE RATIONALITY OF USE OF DIURETICS IN AMBULATORY CARE SENIORS
Creators: name: Gruberová, Natálie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: diuretics
inappropriate prescribing
aged
ageism
adverse events

description: Seniors are much more sensitive to adverse drug events and therefore safe pharmacotherapy is one of the main priority in the aging population. Diuretic agents are medications that are often prescribed in older population and may pose a significant risk of adverse drug events, e.g. dehydration, orthostatic hypotensions, falls, ion dysbalances and other serious side effects. The aim of this diploma thesis was to investigate inappropriate prescribing of diuretics in Czech ambulatory care seniors participating in the EUROAGEISM H2020 project, ESR7 project, and to discuss potential links of such inappropriate prescribing to aspects of ageism.
title: Identification of deubiquitylases involved in the regulation of adherens junction components
Creators: name: Wong, Jia
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: Protein ubiquitylation represents a versatile mechanism to regulate multiple cellular processes, including protein turnover, transcription, cell signaling, membrane trafficking and DNA damage repair. The attachment of ubiquitin moieties to a target substrate is sequentially catalysed by three enzymes, namely E1, E2 and E3, and this process can be reversed by the deubiquitylases (DUBs). This research project seeks to decipher the involvement of DUBs in regulation of the components of the adherens junction (AJ), E-cadherin and β-catenin, in particular, which are the core components of the AJ. It is found in MCF7 cells, a breast cancer cell line, that E-cadherin undergoes constitutive turnover via the lysosomal pathway, as indicated by the accumulation of an 80kDa fragment of E-cadherin degradative fragment following treatment of MCF7 cells with Folimycin, a lysosomal v-ATPase inhibitor. Using the ratio of the full length and 80kDa degradative fragment as a biochemical readout for the trafficking status of E-cadherin, a siRNA human DUB library screen was performed and USP38 was identified as a leading candidate. siRNA depletion of USP38 led to increase in the full length to 80kDa E-cadherin ratio. Notably, the loss of USP38 led to significant loss of total E-cadherin level (sum of full length E-cadherin and 80kDa E-cadherin fragment). The loss of E-cadherin at the protein level following USP38 knockdown was not accompanied by a decrease in its mRNA level or increase in degradation rate, suggesting that translational effects could operate. Preliminary characterisation of this enzyme showed that it has both nuclear and cytosolic localisation. Mapping of nuclear localisation determinants revealed a role for a 46 amino acid insertion within the core catalytic domain, and the last 100 amino acid on C-terminus of USP38. In a separate siRNA DUB library screen performed on A549 cells, the established tumour suppressor BAP1 was identified as a DUB regulating β-catenin. siRNA depletion of BAP1 resulted in a loss of β-catenin and loss of cell-cell contacts, whereas its overexpression led to an increase in β-catenin level, indicating a positive regulatory role of BAP1 on β-catenin level. To facilitate further screening efforts and to provide an extra layer of validation to my own screens, a human DUB endonuclease-prepared small interfering RNA (esiRNA) library was developed. EsiRNA is a complex mixture of siRNAs generated by random cleavage of long double-stranded RNA and is argued to be able to circumvent the problem of siRNA-induced off-target effects. EsiRNAs were made for 91 out of the currently predicted 93 human DUBs. Quality control experiments were carried out upon a sample of selected DUBs and optimisation of experimental conditions for efficient knockdown in various cell lines was explored.
Analysis of the use of potentially inappropriate cardiovascular drugs in seniors in acute care
Creators: name: Gajdošová, Petra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: potentially inappropriate medications
cardiovascular medications
aged
ageism

description: Population aging is a global problem for which all health and social systems of all countries needs to be prepared, including the Czech Republic. It is assumed that in 2050 every third citizen of the Czech Republic will be 65 years and older. The group of seniors is characterized by high polymorbidity and polypharmacotherapy. Prescription of drugs is also very complicated in seniors due to changes accompanying aging (at the level of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and homeostasis). The aim of this diploma thesis was to determinate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) from the cardiovascular system (CVS) using the best-known explicit criteria of PIMs in the Czech sample of seniors in acute care assessed during the EUROAGEISM H2020 project, ESR7 project.
Cheeger constants, structural balance, and spectral clustering analysis for signed graphs
Creators: name: Atay, Fatihcan M.
name: Liu, Shiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05C50, 05C22, 05C85, 39A12

description: We introduce a family of multi-way Cheeger-type constants $\{h_k^σ, k=1,2,\ldots, n\}$ on a signed graph $Γ=(G,σ)$ such that $h_k^σ=0$ if and only if $Γ$ has $k$ balanced connected components. These constants are switching invariant and bring together in a unified viewpoint a number of important graph-theoretical concepts, including the classical Cheeger constant, those measures of bipartiteness introduced by Desai-Rao, Trevisan, Bauer-Jost, respectively, on unsigned graphs,, and the frustration index (originally called the line index of balance by Harary) on signed graphs. We further unify the (higher-order or improved) Cheeger and dual Cheeger inequalities for unsigned graphs as well as the underlying algorithmic proof techniques by establishing their corresponding versions on signed graphs. In particular, we develop a spectral clustering method for finding $k$ almost-balanced subgraphs, each defining a sparse cut. The proper metric for such a clustering is the metric on a real projective space. We also prove estimates of the extremal eigenvalues of signed Laplace matrix in terms of number of signed triangles ($3$-cycles).
description: We add more details for the proof of Lemma 6.4, Theorem 6.2, Theorem 6.3. We also explain more details about the control of those various absolute constant appearing in our estimates
Localization-dependent charge separation efficiency at an organic/inorganic hybrid interface
Creators: name: Foglia, Laura
name: Bogner, Lea
name: Wolf, Martin
name: Stähler, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By combining complementary optical techniques, photoluminescence and time-resolved excited state absorption, we achieve a comprehensive picture of the relaxation processes in the organic/inorganic hybrid system SP6/ZnO. We identify two long-lived excited states of the organic molecules of which only the lowest energy one, localized on the sexiphenyl backbone of the molecule, is found to efficiently charge separate to the ZnO conduction band or radiatively recombine. The other state, most likely localized on the spiro-linked biphenyl, relaxes only by intersystem crossing to a long-lived, probably triplet state, thus acting as a sink of the excitation and limiting the charge separation efficiency.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
title: The role of drug disposition genes for variability in the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuan
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: The failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy may be due to pharmacological factors such as drug transporters and metabolism enzymes. Drug transporters and metabolism enzymes played complementary roles in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion by biotransformation and counter-transport, particularly in the intestine while nuclear receptors as transcription factors regulate the expression of drug transporters and metabolism enzymes. In this thesis, a positive correlation between nuclear receptors expression and the expression of ABC transporters and OATP transporters in intestine were observed while a negative correlation was found between the gene expression of nuclear receptors and cytochrome P450 enzymes in intestine. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes could potentially impact on gene expression of drug transporters and metabolism enzymes. The polymorphisms of nuclear receptors were associated with the expression of ABC transporters. Drug concentrations have a high inter-individual variability in patients receiving the same dose of antiretroviral drugs, which could affect outcome of antiretroviral therapy. There are many factors that may affect plasma concentrations such as age, gender, body weight, ethnicity, genetic factors and so on. In a Ghanaian cohort, a negative correlation was found between the body weight and the EFV plasma concentration. Genetic factors such as the polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes also influenced efavirenz plasma concentrations. Meanwhile, efavirenz plasma concentrations were associated with the viral load in plasma within a UK cohort. Nanomedicine involves new and promising technologies that may enable and improve the targeted delivery of antiretroviral drugs. The permeability of lopinavir in the Caco-2 cell line was improved by formulation of nanodispersions. However, the permeability of efavirenz was decreased for all nanodispersions in MDCKII and MDCKII-ABCB5 cell lines. Comparing efficiency of efavirenz nanodispersions transcellular permeability in MDCKII and MDCKII-ABCB5 cell lines indicated that ABCB5 is able to transport efavirenz when incubated as dissolved molecule or nanodispersion. It is support by the copy number variation of ABCB5 had no relationship with EFV plasma concentrations. In summary, this thesis has attempted to determine the pharmacological factors influencing pharmacokinetics of HIV drugs, including drug transporters, metabolism enzymes and nuclear receptors. Data illustrating the factors that influence efavirenz plasma concentrations which are important for viral suppression were also generated. Furthermore, the nanodispersion technology is worthy of further study in order to improve drug delivery and drug distribution of antiretroviral drugs.
title: The effects of overprinting on isotopic ages and rock fabrics: The Lewisian Gneiss Complex as a case study
Creators: name: MacDonald, John
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: Zircon is a key mineral in understanding tectonothermal overprinting in metagranitoid rocks of the continental crust, principally through radiometric dating. Exposed examples of such rocks are often Precambrian in age and have undergone multiple tectonothermal events. This thesis aims to understand the overprinting effects of deformation and metamorphism in multiple tectonothermal events on zircon, using the Precambrian Lewisian Gneiss Complex (LGC) of Northwest Scotland as a case study. Deformation of zircon at the grain-scale, in the form of distortion of the crystal lattice, was found to heterogeneously affect Ti, Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and U-Pb systematics. Ti and REE abundances increased or decreased as dislocation planes caused by distortion enabled diffusion of elements in or out of the crystal lattice. Pb isotopes were also lost, resulting in discordant young ages relative to undistorted zircon. Zircons with lattice distortion may therefore record information about tectonothermal events not recorded in undistorted zircon. Investigating the effects of multiple metamorphic episodes on zircons from the LGC revealed that different metamorphic events could not be reliably distinguished due to the occurrence of volume diffusion of Pb. A ~600Ma concordant age spread was interpreted to have been caused by volume diffusion; all other possible explanations were eliminated and age patterns from individual zircon crystals supported this hypothesis. Volume diffusion would have required ~3-500Myr at temperatures of 875-975°C. As well as these more generic findings about the effects of overprinting on zircon, zircon U-Th-Pb, REE and Ti data were analysed to investigate meta-igneous gneisses and metasediments of the Assynt Terrane, a key part of the LGC. The oldest cores yield a mean age of 2958±7Ma, a possible magmatic protolith crystallisation age but volume diffusion of Pb in zircon may have affected these zircon core ages. The period of volume diffusion of Pb in zircon is interpreted to have ended at ~2482Ma with the peak of granulite-facies metamorphism shortly before this. Zircons in the metasediments have relatively flat chondrite-normalised heavy REE profiles (low Yb/Gd ratios) which suggest they equilibrated with granulite-facies metamorphic garnet. Ti-in-zircon thermometry records average crystallisation temperatures of 790°C for zircons from the magmatic protolith to the meta-igneous gneisses and 823°C for zircons from the metasediment. The zircons in the metasediments are interpreted to be detrital and the calculated temperatures are interpreted to record zircon crystallisation in a currently unknown protolith.