cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multi-center MICZ-Kepler systems
Creators: name: Nersessian, Armen
name: Ohanyan, Vadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the classical solutions of the two-center MICZ-Kepler and MICZ-Kepler-Stark systems. Then we suggest the model of multi-center MICZ-Kepler system on the curved spaces equipped with $so(3)$-invariant conformal flat metrics.
description: 7 pages, typos corrected, refs added. Contribution to the Proceedings of International Workshop on Classical and Quantum Integrable systems, 24-28.01.2007, Dubna, Russia
Modeling pion physics in the $ε$-regime of two-flavor QCD using strong coupling lattice QED
Creators: name: Cecile, D. J.
name: Chandrasekharan, Shailesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to model pions of two-flavor QCD we consider a lattice field theory involving two flavors of staggered quarks interacting strongly with U(1) gauge fields. For massless quarks, this theory has an $SU_L(2)\times SU_R(2) \times U_A(1)$ symmetry. By adding a four-fermion term we can break the U_A(1) symmetry and thus incorporate the physics of the QCD anomaly. We can also tune the pion decay constant F, to be small compared to the lattice cutoff by starting with an extra fictitious dimension, thus allowing us to model low energy pion physics in a setting similar to lattice QCD from first principles. However, unlike lattice QCD, a major advantage of our model is that we can easily design efficient algorithms to compute a variety of quantities in the chiral limit. Here we show that the model reproduces the predictions of chiral perturbation theory in the $ε$-regime.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Use of implementation mapping to develop a multifaceted implementation strategy for an electronic prospective surveillance model for cancer rehabilitation
Creators: name: Lopez, Christian J.
name: Neil-Sztramko, Sarah E.
name: Tanyoas, Mounir
name: Campbell, Kristin L.
name: Bender, Jackie L.
name: Strudwick, Gillian
name: Langelier, David M.
name: Reiman, Tony
name: Greenland, Jonathan
name: Jones, Jennifer M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies Checklist
Higgs-dependent Yukawa couplings
Creators: name: Giudice, Gian F.
name: Lebedev, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the possibility that the Yukawa couplings depend on the Higgs field, with the motivation of generating the fermion mass hierarchy through appropriate powers of the Higgs vacuum expectation value. This leads to drastic modifications of the Higgs branching ratios, new Higgs contributions to various flavor-violating processes, and observable rates for the top quark decay t-> hc. The underlying flavor dynamics must necessarily appear at the TeV scale and is within the reach of the LHC.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures; a comment on CP and a ref. added, to appear in PLB; a factor of 2 in eq.34 fixed
Nonholonomic Ricci Flows: Exact Solutions and Gravity
Creators: name: Vacaru, Sergiu I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A99, 53B40, 53C12, 53C44, 83C15, 83C20, 83C99, 83E99

description: In a number of physically important cases, the nonholonomically (nonintegrable) constrained Ricci flows can be modelled by exact solutions of Einstein equations with nonhomogeneous (anisotropic) cosmological constants. We develop two geometric methods for constructing such solutions: The first approach applies the formalism of nonholonomic frame deformations when the gravitational evolution and field equations transform into systems of nonlinear partial differential equations which can be integrated in general form. The second approach develops a general scheme when one (two) parameter families of exact solutions are defined by any source-free solutions of Einstein's equations with one (two) Killing vector field(s). A successive iteration procedure results in a class of solutions characterized by an infinite number of parameters for a non-Abelian group involving arbitrary functions on one variable. We also consider nonlinear superpositions of some mentioned classes of solutions in order to construct more general integral varieties of the Ricci flow and Einstein equations depending on infinite number of parameters and three/ four coordinates on four/ five dimensional (semi) Riemannian spaces.
description: latex2e, 11pt, 39 pages; title changed; typos corrected and updated references; for publication in EJTP
Delayed treatment with nimesulide reduces measures of oxidative stress following global ischemic brain injury in gerbils
Creators: name: Candelario-Jalil, E.
name: Alvarez, D.
name: Merino, N.
name: Leon, O. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Metabolism of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase is one of the primary sources of reactive oxygen species in the ischemic brain. Neuronal overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 has recently been shown to contribute to neurodegeneration following ischemic injury. In the present study, we examined the possibility that the neuroprotective effects of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor nimesulide would depend upon reduction of oxidative stress following cerebral ischemia. Gerbils were subjected to 5 min of transient global cerebral ischemia followed by 48 h of reperfusion and markers of oxidative stress were measured in hippocampus of gerbils receiving vehicle or nimesulide treatment at three different clinically relevant doses (3, 6 or 12 mg/kg). Compared with vehicle, nimesulide significantly (P<0.05) reduced hippocampal glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation, as assessed by the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-alkenals (4-HDA) and lipid hydroperoxides levels, even when the treatment was delayed until 6 h after ischemia. Biochemical evidences of nimesulide neuroprotection were supported by histofluorescence findings using the novel marker of neuronal degeneration Fluoro-Jade B. Few Fluoro-Jade B positive cells were seen in CA1 region of hippocampus in ischemic animals treated with nimesulide compared with vehicle. These results suggest that nimesulide may protect neurons by attenuating oxidative stress and reperfusion injury following the ischemic insult with a wide therapeutic window of protection.
Nonholonomic Ricci Flows and Parametric Deformations of the Solitonic pp--Waves and Schwarzschild Solutions
Creators: name: Vacaru, Sergiu I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A99, 53B40, 53C12, 53C44, 83C15, 83C20, 83C99, 83E99

description: We study Ricci flows of some classes of physically valuable solutions in Einstein and string gravity. The anholonomic frame method is applied for generic off-diagonal metric ansatz when the field/ evolution equations are transformed into exactly integrable systems of partial differential equations. The integral varieties of such solutions, in four and five dimensional gravity, depend on arbitrary generation and integration functions of one, two and/ or three variables. Certain classes of nonholonomic frame constraints allow us to select vacuum and/or Einstein metrics, to generalize such solutions for nontrivial string (for instance, with antisymmetric torsion fields) and matter field sources. A very important property of this approach (originating from Finsler and Lagrange geometry but re-defined for semi-Riemannian spaces) is that new classes of exact solutions can be generated by nonholonomic deformations depending on parameters associated to some generalized Geroch transforms and Ricci flow evolution. In this paper, we apply the method to construct in explicit form some classes of exact solutions for multi-parameter Einstein spaces and their nonholonomic Ricci flows describing evolutions/ interactions of solitonic pp-waves and deformations of the Schwarzschild metric. We explore possible physical consequences and speculate on their importance in modern gravity.
description: latex2e, 11pt, the variant accepted for EJTP
Additional file 1 of Positive behavior support in school – a quasi-experimental mixed methods study and a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Karlberg, Martin
name: Klang, Nina
name: Svahn, Johanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: Overview of the study based on the SPIRIT Outcomes 2013 and 2022 checklist
k-Essence, superluminal propagation, causality and emergent geometry
Creators: name: Babichev, Eugeny
name: Mukhanov, Viatcheslav
name: Vikman, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The k-essence theories admit in general the superluminal propagation of the perturbations on classical backgrounds. We show that in spite of the superluminal propagation the causal paradoxes do not arise in these theories and in this respect they are not less safe than General Relativity.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures
Parton Distribution Functions for diquarks based on an AdS/QCD quark-diquark nucleon model
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Aguilar, Benjamin
name: Berdnikov, Ya. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a phenomenological unpolarized Parton Distribution Functions for diquarks based on a soft-wall light front AdS/QCD quark-diquark nucleon model. From a probed model consistent with the Drewll-Yan-West relation and quark counting rule, we have performed a fit of some free parameters using known phenomenological quark PDF data. The model considers the entire set of possible diquarks within the nucleon valence, in the present work we focus on the spin-0 $ud_0$, spin-1 $ud_1$ and spin-1 $uu_1$ diquarks into the valence of protons. The diquark PDFs obtained are able to used in proton-proton collision simulations.
Supermassive Black Holes and Their Environments
Creators: name: Colberg, Joerg M.
name: Di Matteo, Tiziana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make use of the first high--resolution hydrodynamic simulations of structure formation which self-consistently follows the build up of supermassive black holes introduced in Di Matteo et al. (2007) to investigate the relation between black holes (BH), host halo and large--scale environment. There are well--defined relations between halo and black hole masses and between the activities of galactic nuclei and halo masses at low redshifts. A large fraction of black holes forms anti--hierarchically, with a higher ratio of black hole to halo mass at high than at low redshifts. At $z=1$, we predict group environments (regions of enhanced local density) to contain the highest mass and most active (albeit with a large scatter) BHs while the rest of the BH population to be spread over all densities from groups to filaments and voids. Density dependencies are more pronounced at high rather than low redshift. These results are consistent with the idea that gas rich mergers are likely the main regulator of quasar activity. We find star formation to be a somewhat stronger and tighter function of local density than BH activity, indicating some difference in the triggering of the latter versus the former. There exists a large number of low--mass black holes, growing slowly predominantly through accretion, which extends all the way into the most underdense regions, i.e. in voids.
description: 18 pages, 15 Figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Fe K alpha and hydrodynamic loop model diagnostics for a large flare on II Peg
Creators: name: Ercolano, Barbara
name: Drake, Jeremy J.
name: Reale, Fabio
name: Testa, Paola
name: Miller, Jon M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation by the Swift X-ray Telescope of the Fe K alpha_1, alpha_2 doublet during a large flare on the RS CVn binary system II Peg represents one of only two firm detections to date of photospheric Fe K alpha from a star other than our Sun. We present models of the Fe K alpha equivalent widths reported in the literature for the II Peg observations and show that they are most probably due to fluorescence following inner shell photoionisation of quasi-neutral Fe by the flare X-rays. Our models constrain the maximum height of flare the to 0.15 R_* assuming solar abundances for the photospheric material, and 0.1 R_* and 0.06 R_* assuming depleted photospheric abundances ([M/H]=-0.2 and [M/H]=-0.4, respectively). Accounting for an extended loop geometry has the effect of increasing the estimated flare heights by a factor of ~3. These predictions are consistent with those derived using results of flaring loop models, which are also used to estimate the flaring loop properties and energetics. From loop models we estimate a flare loop height of 0.13 R_*, plasma density of ~4 * 10^12 cm^-3 and emitting volume of ~6 * 10^30 cm^3. Our estimates for the flare dimensions and density allow us to estimate the conductive energy losses to E_cond <= 2 * 10^36 erg, consistent with upper limits previously obtained in the literature. Finally, we estimate the average energy output of this large flare to be ~10^33 erg sec^-1, or 1/10th of the stellar bolometric luminosity.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Jupiter and jovian (exo)-planets in Palatini $f(\bar R)$ gravity
Creators: name: Wojnar, Aneta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some parts of the substellar evolution, such as fragmentation of a gaseous cloud and Jupiter-like planet's cooling, are demonstrated to be impacted by Palatini $f(\bar R)$ gravity. Using simple models describing those processes we show that the opacity mass limit as well as cooling time of jovian planets differ in modified gravity.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables
Theory of enhanced dynamical photo-thermal bi-stability effects in cuprous oxide/organic hybrid heterostructure
Creators: name: Roslyak, Oleksiy
name: Birman, Joseph L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically demonstrate the formation of multiple bi-stability regions in the temperature pattern on the interface between a cuprous oxide quantum well and DCM2:CA:PS organic compound. The Frenkel molecular exciton of the DCM2 is brought into resonance with the $1S$ quadrupole Wannier-Mott exciton in the cuprous oxide by "solvatochromism" with CA. The resulting hybrid is thermalized with surrounding helium bath. This leads to strongly non-linear temperature dependence of the laser field detuning from the quadrupole exciton energy band which is associated with the temperature induced red shift of the Wannier exciton energy. Numerical up and down-scan for the detuning reveals hysteresis-like temperature distribution. The obtained \emph{multiple} bi-stability regions are at least three orders of magnitude bigger ($meV$) than the experimentally observed bi-stability in bulk cuprous oxide ($μeV$). The effective absorption curve exhibits highly asymmetrical behavior for the Frenkel-like (above the $1S$ energy) and Wannier-like (below the $1S$ energy) branches of the hybrid.
description: 6 pages, 7 Figures
Group dynamics of the Japanese market
Creators: name: Jung, Woo-Sung
name: Kwon, Okyu
name: Wang, Fengzhong
name: Kaizoji, Taisei
name: Moon, Hie-Tae
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the network structures of the Japanese stock market through the minimum spanning tree. We defined grouping coefficient to test the validity of conventional grouping by industrial categories, and found a decreasing in trend for the coefficient. This phenomenon supports the increasing external influences on the market due to the globalization. To reduce this influence, we used S&P500 index as the international market and removed its correlation with every stock. We found stronger grouping in this measurement, compared to the original analysis, which agrees with our assumption that the international market influences to the Japanese market.
description: 9 pages
title: ÐÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½ÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÑ Ð°ÑÐ°Ðº
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Methods for balanced initial data to improve the quality of network attack detection
Creators: name: ÐÐ¶Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÐµÐ²Ð°, ÐÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: ÐÐ½ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ
Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ° Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÑ Ð°ÑÐ°Ðº
ÑÑÐ±Ð´Ð¸ÑÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ
Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð¸ÑÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ
ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
data balancing
network attack detection
subsampling
oversampling
detection quality

description: Ð¦ÐµÐ»ÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÑ Ð°ÑÐ°Ðº. ÐÑÐµÐ´Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ. ÐÐ°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸, ÑÐµÑÐ°ÐµÐ¼ÑÐµ Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð´Ðµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ: 1. ÐÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½ÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ. 2. ÐÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÑ Ð°ÑÐ°Ðº. 3. Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð° ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÐºÐ»Ð°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÑ Ð°ÑÐ°Ðº Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ° ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸. Ð ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½ÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ, Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ðº Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÑ Ð°ÑÐ°Ðº. Ð ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð¾ ÑÐ±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÐµ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑÐ²Ð¾, ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾ ÑÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ²Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÑ Ð°ÑÐ°Ðº Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ LSTM â ÑÐµÑÐ¸.
description: The aim of the work is to improve the quality of training of network attack detection models. The subject of the research is data balancing methods. Tasks to be solved during the research: 1. Research of methods of balancing of initial data. 2. Analyze the main methods for detecting network attacks. 3. Development of a software prototype of a system for detecting and classifying network attacks and assessing the quality of the performed balancing. As a result of this work, methods of data balancing were thoroughly studied and the main approaches to network attack detection were analyzed. Additionally, a balanced training dataset was constructed, and a network attack detection tool based on LSTM was developed.
Coherent spin-wave transport in an antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Hortensius, J. R.
name: Afanasiev, D.
name: Matthiesen, M.
name: Leenders, R.
name: Citro, R.
name: Kimel, A. V.
name: Mikhaylovskiy, R. V.
name: Ivanov, B. A.
name: Caviglia, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnonics is a research field complementary to spintronics, in which the quanta of spin waves (magnons) replace electrons as information carriers, promising less energy dissipation. The development of ultrafast nanoscale magnonic logic circuits calls for new tools and materials to generate coherent spin waves with frequencies as high, and wavelengths as short, as possible. Antiferromagnets can host spin waves at THz frequencies and are therefore seen as a future platform for the fastest and the least dissipative transfer of information. However, the generation of short-wavelength coherent propagating magnons in antiferromagnets has so far remained elusive. Here we report the efficient emission and detection of a nanometer-scale wavepacket of coherent propagating magnons in antiferromagnetic DyFeO3 using ultrashort pulses of light. The subwavelength nanoscale confinement of the laser field due to large absorption creates a strongly non-uniform spin excitation profile, thereby enabling the propagation of a broadband continuum of coherent THz spin waves. The wavepacket features magnons with detected wavelengths down to 125 nm and supersonic velocities up to 13 km/s that propagate over macroscopic distances. The long-sought source of coherent short-wavelength spin carriers demonstrated here opens up new prospects for THz antiferromagnetic magnonics and coherence mediated logic devices at THz frequencies.
description: 33 pages, 13 figures
Stable two--brane models with bulk tachyon matter
Creators: name: Das, A.
name: Kar, Sayan
name: SenGupta, Soumitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possibility of constructing stable, warped two--brane models which solve the hierarchy problem, with a bulk non--canonical scalar field (tachyon matter) as the source term in the action. Among our examples are two models--one with a warp factor (denoted as $e^{-2f(σ)}$) which differs from that of the standard Randall--Sundrum by the addition of a quadratic piece in the $f(σ)$ and another, where the warping is super-exponential. We investigate the issue of resolution of hierarchy and perform a stability analysis by obtaining the effective inter-brane potentials, in each case. Our analysis reveals that there does exist stable values of the modulus consistent with hierarchy resolution in both the models. Thus, these models, in which the bulk scalar field generates the geometry and also ensures stability, provide viable alternatives to the standard Randall--Sundrum two-brane scenario.
description: Final version published in Int. Jr. Mod. Phys A
Probabilistic implications of symmetries of q-Hermite and Al-Salam-Chihara polynomials
Creators: name: Szabłowski, Paweł J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J27, 33C45

description: We prove the existence of stationary random fields with linear regressions for $q>1$ and thus close an open question posed by W. Bryc et al.. We prove this result by describing a discrete 1 dimensional conditional distribution and then checking Chapman-Kolmogorov equation. Support of this distribution consist of zeros of certain Al-Salam-Chihara polynomials. To find them we refer to and expose known result concerning addition of $q-$ exponential function. This leads to generalization of a well known formula $(x+y)^{n}% =\sum_{i=0}^{n}\binom{n}{k}i^{k}H_{n-k}(x) H_{k}(-iy) ,$ where $H_{k}(x) $ denotes $k-$th Hermite polynomial.
description: 7 pages
Integrals Over Polytopes, Multiple Zeta Values and Polylogarithms, and Euler's Constant
Creators: name: Sondow, Jonathan
name: Zlobin, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M06, 11Y60, 30B10, 30D30, 33B15, 33B30

description: Let $T$ be the triangle with vertices (1,0), (0,1), (1,1). We study certain integrals over $T$, one of which was computed by Euler. We give expressions for them both as a linear combination of multiple zeta values, and as a polynomial in single zeta values. We obtain asymptotic expansions of the integrals, and of sums of certain multiple zeta values with constant weight. We also give related expressions for Euler's constant. In the final section, we evaluate more general integrals -- one is a Chen (Drinfeld-Kontsevich) iterated integral -- over some polytopes that are higher-dimensional analogs of $T$. This leads to a relation between certain multiple polylogarithm values and multiple zeta values.
description: 19 pages, to appear in Mat Zametki. Ver 2.: Added Remark 3 on a Chen (Drinfeld-Kontsevich) iterated integral; simplified Proposition 2; gave reference for (19); corrected [16]; fixed typo
Additional file 1 of Decellularized extracellular matrix derived from dental pulp stem cells promotes gingival fibroblast adhesion and migration
Creators: name: Nowwarote, Nunthawan
name: Chahlaoui, Zakaria
name: Petit, Stephane
name: Duong, Lucas T.
name: Dingli, Florent
name: Loew, Damarys
name: Chansaenroj, Ajjima
name: Kornsuthisopon, Chatvadee
name: Osathanon, Thanaphum
name: Ferre, Francois Come
name: Fournier, Benjamin P.J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Peierls transition driven ferroelasticity in two-dimensional $d$-$f$ hybrid magnet
Creators: name: You, Haipeng
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Chen, Jun
name: Ding, Ning
name: An, Ming
name: Miao, Lin
name: Dong, Shuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For broad nanoscale applications, it is crucial to implement more functional properties, especially those ferroic orders, into two-dimensional materials. Here GdI$_3$ is theoretically identified as a honeycomb antiferromagnet with large $4f$ magnetic moment. The intercalation of metal atoms can dope electrons into Gd's $5d$-orbitals, which alters its magnetic state and lead to Peierls transition. Due to the strong electron-phonon coupling, the Peierls transition induces prominent ferroelasticity, making it a multiferroic system. The strain from undirectional stretching can be self-relaxed via resizing of triple ferroelastic domains, which can protect the magnet aganist mechnical breaking in flexible applications.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Projection-based embedded discrete fracture model (pEDFM) for flow and heat transfer in real-field geological formations with corner-point grid geometries
Creators: name: HosseiniMehr, Mousa
name: Tomala, Janio Piguave
name: Vuik, Cornelis
name: Kobaisi, Mohammed Al
name: Hajibeygi, Hadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the projection-based embedded discrete fracture model (pEDFM) for corner-point grid (CPG) geometry is developed for simulation of flow and heat transfer in fractured porous media. Unlike classical embedded discrete fracture approaches, this method allows for using any geologically-relevant model with a complex geometry and generic conductivity contrasts between the rock matrix and the fractures (or faults). The mass and energy conservation equations are coupled using the fully-implicit (FIM) scheme, allowing for stable simulation. Independent corner-point grids are imposed on the rock matrix and all fractures. The connectivities between the non-neighboring grid cells are described such that a consistent discrete representation of the embedded fractures occurs within the corner-point grid geometry. Various numerical tests including geologically-relevant and real-field models are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the developed method. It is shown that pEDFM can accurately capture the physical influence of both highly conductive fractures and flow barriers on the flow and heat transfer fields in complex reservoir geometries. This development casts a promising approach for flow simulations of real-field geo-models, increasing the discretization flexibility and enhancing the computational performance for capturing explicit fractures accurately.
Additional file 1 of Chromogenic mechanisms of overglaze yellow pigment produced in Jingdezhen imperial kilns during the Ming dynasty
Creators: name: Hao, Meng
name: Zhang, Maolin
name: Weng, Yanjun
name: Xiong, Zhe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1.
Measure and integral with purely ordinal scales
Creators: name: Denneberg, Dieter
name: Grabisch, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a purely ordinal model for aggregation functionals for lattice valued functions, comprising as special cases quantiles, the Ky Fan metric and the Sugeno integral. For modeling findings of psychological experiments like the reflection effect in decision behaviour under risk or uncertainty, we introduce reflection lattices. These are complete linear lattices endowed with an order reversing bijection like the reflection at 0 on the real interval $[-1,1]$. Mathematically we investigate the lattice of non-void intervals in a complete linear lattice, then the class of monotone interval-valued functions and their inner product.
Tuning hole mobility of individual p-doped GaAs nanowires by uniaxial tensile stress
Creators: name: Zeng, Lunjie
name: Holmer, Jonatan
name: Dhall, Rohan
name: Gammer, Christoph
name: Minor, Andrew M.
name: Olsson, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strain engineering provides an effective way of tailoring the electronic and optoelectronic properties of semiconductor nanomaterials and nanodevices, giving rise to novel functionalities. Here, we present direct experimental evidence of strain-induced modifications of hole mobility in individual GaAs nanowires, using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The conductivity of the nanowires varied with applied uniaxial tensile stress, showing an initial decrease of ~5-20% up to a stress of 1~ 2 GPa, subsequently increasing up to the elastic limit of the nanowires. This is attributed to a hole mobility variation due to changes in the valence band structure caused by stress and strain. The corresponding lattice strain in the nanowires was quantified by in situ 4D-scanning TEM (STEM) and showed a complex spatial distribution at all stress levels. Meanwhile, a significant red shift of the band gap induced by the stress and strain was unveiled by monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy.
Neuroprotective efficacy of nimesulide against hippocampal neuronal damage following transient forebrain ischemia
Creators: name: Candelario-Jalil, E.
name: Alvarez, D.
name: Gonzalez-Falcon, A.
name: Garcia-Cabrera, M.
name: Martinez-Sanchez, G.
name: Merino, N.
name: Giuliani, A.
name: Leon, O. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cyclooxygenase-2 is involved in the inflammatory component of the ischemic cascade, playing an important role in the delayed progression of the brain damage. The present study evaluated the pharmacological effects of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor nimesulide on delayed neuronal death of hippocampal CA1 neurons following transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Administration of therapeutically relevant doses of nimesulide (3, 6 and 12 mg/kg; i.p.) 30 min before ischemia and at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after ischemia significantly (P<0.01) reduced hippocampal neuronal damage. Treatment with a single dose of nimesulide given 30 min before ischemia also resulted in a significant increase in the number of healthy neurons in the hippocampal CA1 sector 7 days after ischemia. Of interest is the finding that nimesulide rescued CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemic death even when treatment was delayed until 24 h after ischemia (34+/-9% protection). Neuroprotective effect of nimesulide is still evident 30 days after the ischemic episode, providing the first experimental evidence that cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors confer a long-lasting neuroprotection. Oral administration of nimesulide was also able to significantly reduce brain damage, suggesting that protective effects are independent of the route of administration. The present study confirms the ability of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors to reduce brain damage induced by cerebral ischemia and indicates that nimesulide can provide protection when administered for up to 24 h post-ischemia.
Polyply: a python suite for facilitating simulations of (bio-)macromolecules and nanomaterials
Creators: name: Grünewald, Fabian
name: Alessandri, Riccardo
name: Kroon, Peter C.
name: Monticelli, Luca
name: Souza, Paulo C. T.
name: Marrink, Siewert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations play an increasingly important role in the rational design of (nano)-materials and in the study of biomacromolecules. However, generating input files and realistic starting coordinates for these simulations is a major bottleneck, especially for high throughput protocols and for complex multi-component systems. To eliminate this bottleneck, we present the polyply software suite that leverages 1) a multi-scale graph matching algorithm designed to generate parameters quickly and for arbitrarily complex polymeric topologies, and 2) a generic multi-scale random walk protocol capable of setting up complex systems efficiently and independent of the target force-field or model resolution. We benchmark quality and performance of the approach by creating melt simulations of six different polymers using two force-fields with different resolution. We further demonstrate the power of our approach by setting up a multi lamellar microphase-separated block copolymer system for next generation batteries, and by generating a liquid-liquid phase separated polyethylene oxide-dextran system inside a lipid vesicle, featuring both branching and molecular weight distribution of the dextran component.
Trapped Phase-Segregated Bose-Fermi Mixtures and their Collective Excitations
Creators: name: Van Schaeybroeck, Bert
name: Lazarides, Achilleas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in the field of ultracold gases has allowed the creation of phase-segregated Bose-Fermi systems. We present a theoretical study of their collective excitations at zero temperature. As the fraction of fermion to boson particle number increases, the collective mode frequencies take values between those for a fully bosonic and those for a fully fermionic cloud, with damping in the intermediate region. This damping is caused by fermions which are resonantly driven at the interface.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Recursion formulae of higher Weil-Petersson volumes
Creators: name: Liu, Kefeng
name: Xu, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study effective recursion formulae for computing intersection numbers of mixed $ψ$ and $κ$ classes on moduli spaces of curves. By using the celebrated Witten-Kontsevich theorem, we generalize Mulase-Safnuk form of Mirzakhani's recursion and prove a recursion formula of higher Weil-Petersson volumes. We also present recursion formulae to compute intersection pairings in the tautological rings of moduli spaces of curves.
description: 18 pages, to appear in IMRN
Mask Sampling for Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Insights into detection and transmission
Creators: name: Williams, Caroline M. L.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Introduction:My prior work piloted a non-invasive mask sampling tool that captured Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) directly from exhaled breath. It had the potential to provide a clearer understanding of airborne Mtb release by infected individuals, providing insights into Mtb transmission and improved diagnostics.Objectives:Establish a standard method of mask sampling and compare its Mtb capture with that of the Cough Aerosol Sampling System (CASS) Use mask sampling to:o Understand the total daily output of Mtb by individualso Relate mask captured Mtb to infection in household contacts o Assess its potential value in aiding diagnosisMethods:Following optimisation of Mtb DNA detection and quantification, mask sampling was used in a series of clinical studies in sub-Saharan Africa. Repeated sampling over 24 hours examined daily output and compared this with Mtb output in sputum and other -ray changes). Mtb captured by CASS and mask was compared, as was the relationship between mask output and infection in household contacts. Finally, the potential use of mask sampling as an active case finding tool was assessed.Results:Different patterns of exhaled Mtb were established and mask captured output did not closely correlate with traditional markers of infectivity. Mtb was more readily detected by mask than CASS and a high mask output predicted of Mtb infection in household contacts (OR 3.20, 95%CI: 1.26-8.12, p=0.01). Mask sampling diagnosed TB earlier than sputum sampling in 4/7 microbiologically confirmed individuals during an active case finding pilot.Conclusions:Mask sampling can be successfully used to measure airborne Mtb output and both diagnose infection in individuals and predict infection in household contacts. Further work is needed to understand its role in routine clinical and public health practice.
Additional file 1 of Psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of the HIV Symptom Index
Creators: name: Ibarra-Barrueta, Olatz
name: Mora-Atorrasagasti, Oihana
name: Palacios-Zabalza, Itziar
name: Aguirre-Larracoechea, Urko
name: Legarreta, Maria Jose
name: González-Hernández, Nerea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Soft constraint abstraction based on semiring homomorphism
Creators: name: Li, Sanjiang
name: Ying, Mingsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The semiring-based constraint satisfaction problems (semiring CSPs), proposed by Bistarelli, Montanari and Rossi \cite{BMR97}, is a very general framework of soft constraints. In this paper we propose an abstraction scheme for soft constraints that uses semiring homomorphism. To find optimal solutions of the concrete problem, the idea is, first working in the abstract problem and finding its optimal solutions, then using them to solve the concrete problem. In particular, we show that a mapping preserves optimal solutions if and only if it is an order-reflecting semiring homomorphism. Moreover, for a semiring homomorphism $α$ and a problem $P$ over $S$, if $t$ is optimal in $α(P)$, then there is an optimal solution $\bar{t}$ of $P$ such that $\bar{t}$ has the same value as $t$ in $α(P)$.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
Table-like magnetocaloric effect and enhanced refrigerant capacity in EuO1-δ thin films
Creators: name: Lampen, P.
name: Madhogaria, R.
name: Bingham, N. S.
name: Phan, M. H.
name: Monteiro, P. M. S.
name: Steinke, N. -J.
name: Ionescu, A.
name: Barnes, C. H. W.
name: Srikanth, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An approach to adjusting the conduction band population for tuning the magnetic and magnetocaloric response of EuO1-δ thin films through control of oxygen vacancies (δ = 0, 0.025, and 0.09) is presented. The films each showed a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition around 65 K, with an additional magnetic ordering transition at higher temperatures in the oxygen deficient samples. All transitions are observed to be of second order. A maximum magnetic entropy change of 6.4 J/kg K over a field change of 2 T with a refrigerant capacity of 223 J/kg was found in the sample with δ = 0, and in all cases the refrigerant capacities of the thin films under study were found to exceed that reported for bulk EuO. Adjusting the oxygen content was shown to produce table-like magnetocaloric effects, desirable for ideal Ericsson-cycle magnetic refrigeration. These films are thus excellent candidates for small-scale magnetic cooling technology in the liquid nitrogen temperature range.
Variability and species discrimination within the Protogonyaulax tamarensis/catenells species complex : toxic red-tide dinoflagellates
Creators: name: Cembella, Allan Douglas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Thecate gonyaulacoid dinoflagellates referable to the genus Protogonyaulax Taylor cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in coastal regions throughout the world. Isolates of the Protogonyaulax tamarensis/ catenella species complex from diverse geographical regions, including ten contemporaneous isolates from the same location, were subjected to chemotaxonomic analysis of soluble isozymes by gel electrophoresis, an analysis of toxin components using high-pressure (performance) liquid chromatography and quantitative nuclear DNA determinations by epifluorescence microphotometry. The results were compared with conventional morphological criteria used to discriminate among species, to establish taxonomic linkages and to estimate phenotypic and genotypic variation within this group. These biochemical methods, along with measurements of acclimated growth rate, offered a means of distinguishing between isolates of this species complex, for which the thecal plate patterns were substantially the same. The isozyme patterns revealed a high degree of genetic polymorphism within and among morphotypes and geographical populations. Yet, within the tamarensoid morphotype, isolates from the same location were more similar than to those from elsewhere. This general trend was supported by evidence from toxin profiles and DNA analysis, although toxin heterogeneity was a more conservative measure of variation than isozyme diversity. Protogonyaulax isolates varied markedly in total toxin concentration and toxicity, even through the culture cycle of individual isolates, but the toxin ratios were distinctive and relatively constant. The catenelloid and tamarensoid forms, the dominant morphotypes within this species complex, were not well correlated with the biochemical characters investigated. Given the occasional presence of morphological intermediates, the morphological features presently used to identify P. catenella and P. tamarensis cannot always be used to reliably discriminate between these morphospecies, and appear to be inadequate as stable species descriptors. At least two smaller isolates from allopatric populations exhibited morphological and biochemical differences large enough to indicate possible species divergence. The high level of genetic diversity reflected in the biochemical heterogeneity within populations from a given geographical area suggests that sibling species may also have arisen within sympatrically distributed Protogonyaulax populations.
Milky Way Mid-Infrared Spitzer Spectroscopic Extinction Curves: Continuum and Silicate Features
Creators: name: Gordon, Karl D.
name: Misselt, Karl A.
name: Bouwman, Jeroen
name: Clayton, Geoffrey C.
name: Decleir, Marjorie
name: Hines, Dean C.
name: Pendleton, Yvonne
name: Rieke, George
name: Smith, J. D. T.
name: Whittet, D. C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the mid-infrared (MIR) extinction using Spitzer photometry and spectroscopy (3.6--37 micron) for a sample of Milky Way sightlines (mostly) having measured ultraviolet extinction curves. We used the pair method to determine the MIR extinction that we then fit with a power law for the continuum and modified Drude profiles for the silicate features. We derived 16 extinction curves having a range of A(V) (1.8-5.5) and R(V) values (2.4-4.3). Our sample includes two dense sightlines that have 3 micron ice feature detections and weak 2175 A bumps. The average A(lambda)/A(V) diffuse sightline extinction curve we calculate is lower than most previous literature measurements. This agrees better with literature diffuse dust grain models, though it is somewhat higher. The 10 micron silicate feature does not correlate with the 2175 A bump, for the first time providing direct observational confirmation that these two features arise from different grain populations. The strength of the 10 micron silicate feature varies by $\sim$2.5 and is not correlated with A(V) or R(V). It is well fit by a modified Drude profile with strong correlations seen between the central wavelength, width, and asymmetry. We do not detect other features with limits in A(lambda)/A(V) units of 0.0026 (5--10 micron), 0.004 (10--20 micron), and 0.008 (20-40 micron). We find that the standard prescription of estimating R(V) from C times E(K_s-V)/E(B-V) has C = -1.14 and a scatter of $\sim$7%. Using the IRAC 5.6 micron band instead of K_s gives C = -1.03 and the least scatter of $\sim$3\%.
description: 27 pages, 18 figures, ApJ accepted