cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Prospects for $γ^\star γ^\star \to ππ$ via lattice QCD
Creators: name: Briceño, Raúl A.
name: Jackura, Andrew W.
name: Rodas, Arkaitz
name: Guerrero, Juan V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $γ^\star γ^\star \to ππ$ scattering amplitude plays a key role in a wide range of phenomena, including understanding the inner structure of scalar resonances as well as constraining the hadronic contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. In this work, we explain how the infinite-volume Minkowski amplitude can be constrained from finite-volume Euclidean correlation functions. The relationship between the finite-volume Euclidean correlation functions and the desired amplitude holds up to energies where $3π$ states can go on shell, and is exact up to exponentially small corrections that scale like $\mathcal{O}(e^{-m_πL})$, where $L$ is the spatial extent of the cubic volume and $m_π$ is the pion mass. In order to implement this formalism and remove all power-law finite volume errors, it is necessary to first obtain $ππ\to ππ$, $πγ^\star \to π$, $γ^\star \toππ$, and $ππγ^\star \toππ$ amplitudes; all of which can be determined via lattice quantum chromodynamic calculations.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures
Cohomology and deformations of weighted Rota-Baxter operators
Creators: name: Das, Apurba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16E40, 16S80, 17B38

description: Weighted Rota-Baxter operators on associative algebras are closely related to modified Yang-Baxter equations, splitting of algebras, weighted infinitesimal bialgebras, and play an important role in mathematical physics. For any $λ\in {\bf k}$, we construct a differential graded Lie algebra whose Maurer-Cartan elements are given by $λ$-weighted relative Rota-Baxter operators. Using such characterization, we define the cohomology of a $λ$-weighted relative Rota-Baxter operator $T$, and interpret this as the Hochschild cohomology of a suitable algebra with coefficients in an appropriate bimodule. We study linear, formal and finite order deformations of $T$ from cohomological points of view. Among others, we introduce Nijenhuis elements that generate trivial linear deformations and define a second cohomology class to any finite order deformation which is the obstruction to extend the deformation. In the end, we also consider the cohomology of $λ$-weighted relative Rota-Baxter operators in the Lie case and find a connection with the case of associative algebras.
description: 19 pages
Latched readout for the quantum dot hybrid qubit
Creators: name: Corrigan, J.
name: Dodson, J. P.
name: Thorgrimsson, Brandur
name: Neyens, Samuel F.
name: Knapp, T. J.
name: McJunkin, Thomas
name: Coppersmith, S. N.
name: Eriksson, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A primary method of reading out a quantum dot hybrid qubit involves projection of the logical basis onto distinct charge states that are readily detected by an integrated charge sensing dot. However, in the simplest configuration, the excited charge state decays rapidly, making single-shot readout challenging. Here, we demonstrate a readout procedure where the qubit excited state is latched to a metastable charge configuration whose lifetime is tunnel rate limited, persisting here as long as 2.5 ms. Additionally, we show that working in the (4,1)-(3,2) charge configuration enables a latched readout window that is larger and more tunable than typical charge configurations, because the size of the readout window is determined by an orbital splitting rather than a valley splitting.
Ink4a/Arf expression is a biomarker of aging
Creators: name: Su, Lishan
name: Sharpless, Norman E.
name: Al-Regaiey, Khalid
name: Ramsey, Matthew R.
name: Krishnamurthy, Janakiraman
name: Torrice, Chad
name: Kovalev, Grigoriy I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: The Ink4a/Arf locus encodes 2 tumor suppressor molecules, p16INK4a and Arf, which are principal mediators of cellular senescence. To study the links between senescence and aging in vivo, we examined Ink4a/Arf expression in rodent models of aging. We show that expression of p16INK4a and Arf markedly increases in almost all rodent tissues with advancing age, while there is little or no change in the expression of other related cell cycle inhibitors. The increase in expression is restricted to well-defined compartments within each organ studied and occurs in both epithelial and stromal cells of diverse lineages. The age-associated increase in expression of p16INK4a and Arf is attenuated in the kidney, ovary, and heart by caloric restriction, and this decrease correlates with diminished expression of an in vivo marker of senescence, as well as decreased pathology of those organs. Last, the age-related increase in Ink4a/Arf expression can be independently attributed to the expression of Ets-1, a known p16INK4a transcriptional activator, as well as unknown Ink4a/Arf coregulatory molecules. These data suggest that expression of the Ink4a/Arf tumor suppressor locus is a robust biomarker, and possible effector, of mammalian aging.
Modular machine learning-based elastoplasticity: generalization in the context of limited data
Creators: name: Fuhg, Jan N.
name: Hamel, Craig M.
name: Johnson, Kyle
name: Jones, Reese
name: Bouklas, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The development of accurate constitutive models for materials that undergo path-dependent processes continues to be a complex challenge in computational solid mechanics. Challenges arise both in considering the appropriate model assumptions and from the viewpoint of data availability, verification, and validation. Recently, data-driven modeling approaches have been proposed that aim to establish stress-evolution laws that avoid user-chosen functional forms by relying on machine learning representations and algorithms. However, these approaches not only require a significant amount of data but also need data that probes the full stress space with a variety of complex loading paths. Furthermore, they rarely enforce all necessary thermodynamic principles as hard constraints. Hence, they are in particular not suitable for low-data or limited-data regimes, where the first arises from the cost of obtaining the data and the latter from the experimental limitations of obtaining labeled data, which is commonly the case in engineering applications. In this work, we discuss a hybrid framework that can work on a variable amount of data by relying on the modularity of the elastoplasticity formulation where each component of the model can be chosen to be either a classical phenomenological or a data-driven model depending on the amount of available information and the complexity of the response. The method is tested on synthetic uniaxial data coming from simulations as well as cyclic experimental data for structural materials. The discovered material models are found to not only interpolate well but also allow for accurate extrapolation in a thermodynamically consistent manner far outside the domain of the training data. Training aspects and details of the implementation of these models into Finite Element simulations are discussed and analyzed.
description: 36 pages, 25 figures
Optical Microlensing by Primordial Black Holes with IACTs
Creators: name: Pfrang, Konstantin
name: Hassan, Tarek
name: Pueschel, Elisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes (PBHs), hypothesized to be the result of density fluctuations during the early universe, are candidates for dark matter. When microlensing background stars, they cause a transient apparent enhancement of the flux. Measuring these signals with optical telescopes is a powerful method to constrain the PBH abundance in the range of $10^{-10}\,M_{\odot}$ to $10^{1}\,M_{\odot}$. Especially for galactic stars, the finiteness of the sources needs to be taken into account. For low PBH masses (in this work $\lesssim 10^{-8}\,M_{\odot}$) the average duration of the detectable event decreases with the mass $\langle t_e\rangle \propto M_{\mathrm{PBH}}$. For $M_{\mathrm{PBH}}\approx 10^{-11}\,M_{\odot}$ we find $\langle t_e\rangle \lesssim\,1 \mathrm{s}$. For this reason, fast sampling detectors may be required as they could enable the detection of low mass PBHs. Current limits are set with sampling speeds of 2 minutes to 24 hours in the optical regime. Ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) are optimized to detect the $\sim$ns long optical Cherenkov signals induced by atmospheric air showers. As shown recently, the very-large mirror area of these instruments provides very high signal to noise ratio for fast optical transients ($\ll 1\,$s) such as asteroid occultations. We investigate whether optical observations by IACTs can contribute to extending microlensing limits to the unconstrained mass range $M_{\mathrm{PBH}}<10^{-10}M_\odot$. We discuss the limiting factors to perform these searches for each telescope type. We calculate the rate of expected detectable microlensing events in the relevant mass range for the current and next-generation IACTs considering realistic source parameters.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021), Berlin, Germany
Ultrasensitive atomic comagnetometer with enhanced nuclear spin coherence
Creators: name: Wei, Kai
name: Zhao, Tian
name: Fang, Xiujie
name: Xu, Zitong
name: Liu, Chang
name: Cao, Qian
name: Wickenbrock, Arne
name: Hu, Yanhui
name: Ji, Wei
name: Budker, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Achieving high energy resolution in spin systems is important for fundamental physics research and precision measurements, with alkali-noble-gas comagnetometers being among the best available sensors. We found a new relaxation mechanism in such devices, the gradient of the Fermi-contact-interaction field that dominates the relaxation of hyperpolarized nuclear spins. We report on precise control over spin distribution, demonstrating a tenfold increase of nuclear spin hyperpolarization and transverse coherence time with optimal hybrid optical pumping. Operating in the self-compensation regime, our $^{21}$Ne-Rb-K comagnetometer achieves an ultrahigh inertial rotation sensitivity of $3\times10^{-8}$\,rad/s/Hz$^{1/2}$ in the frequency range from 0.2 to 1.0 Hz, which is equivalent to the energy resolution of $3.1\times 10^{-23}$\,eV/Hz$^{1/2}$. We propose to use this comagnetometer to search for exotic spin-dependent interactions involving proton and neutron spins. The projected sensitivity surpasses the previous experimental and astrophysical limits by more than four orders of magnitude.
Path integral derivation and numerical computation of large deviation prefactors for non-equilibrium dynamics through matrix Riccati equations
Creators: name: Bouchet, Freddy
name: Reygner, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For many non-equilibrium dynamics driven by small noise, in physics, chemistry, biology, or economy, rare events do matter. Large deviation theory then explains that the leading order term of the main statistical quantities have an exponential behavior. The exponential rate is often obtained as the infimum of an action, which is minimized along an instanton. In this paper, we consider the computation of the next order sub-exponential prefactors, which are crucial for a large number of applications. Following a path integral approach, we derive the dynamics of the Gaussian fluctuations around the instanton and compute from it the sub-exponential prefactors. As might be expected, the formalism leads to the computation of functional determinants and matrix Riccati equations. By contrast with the cases of equilibrium dynamics with detailed balance or generalized detailed balance, we stress the specific non locality of the solutions of the Riccati equation: the prefactors depend on fluctuations all along the instanton and not just at its starting and ending points. We explain how to numerically compute the prefactors. The case of statistically stationary quantities requires considerations of non trivial initial conditions for the matrix Riccati equation.
description: Accepted in Journal of Statistical Physics
Oblique scattering from non-Hermitian optical waveguides
Creators: name: Goldstein, Tal
name: Shmuel, Gal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A judicious design of gain and loss leads to counterintuitive wave phenomena that are inaccessible by conservative systems. Notably, such designs can give rise to laser-absorber modes and anisotropic transmission resonances. Here, we analyze the emergence of these phenomena in an optical scatterer with sinusoid gain-loss modulation that is subjected to monochromatic oblique waves. We derive an analytical solution to the problem, with which we show how the scatterer parameters, and specifically the modulation phase and incident angle, constitute a real design space to access these phenomena.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
Spin transport with traps: dramatic narrowing of the Hanle curve
Creators: name: Roundy, R. C.
name: Raikh, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the spin transport in a device in which the active layer is an organic film with numerous deep in-gap levels serving as traps. A carrier, diffusing between magnetized injector and detector, spends a considerable portion of time on the traps. This new feature of transport does not affect the giant magnetoresistance, which is sensitive only to the mutual orientation of magnetizations of the injector and detector. By contrast, the presence of traps strongly affects the sensitivity of the spin transport to external magnetic field perpendicular to the magnetizations of the electrodes (the Hanle effect). Namely, the Hanle curve narrows dramatically. The origin of such a narrowing is that the spin precession takes place during the entire time of the carrier motion between the electrodes, while the spin relaxation takes place only during diffusive motion between the subsequent traps. If the resulting width of the Hanle curve is smaller than the measurement resolution, observation of the Hanle peak becomes impossible.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Telomeres, stem cells, senescence, and cancer
Creators: name: DePinho, Ronald A.
name: Sharpless, Norman E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Mammalian aging occurs in part because of a decline in the restorative capacity of tissue stem cells. These self-renewing cells are rendered malignant by a small number of oncogenic mutations, and overlapping tumor suppressor mechanisms (e.g., p16INK4a-Rb, ARF-p53, and the telomere) have evolved to ward against this possibility. These beneficial antitumor pathways, however, appear also to limit the stem cell life span, thereby contributing to aging.
Thermal-to-nonthermal element abundances in different Galactic environments
Creators: name: Eichmann, Björn
name: Rachen, Jörg P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-thermal source abundances of elements play a crucial role in the understanding of cosmic ray phenomena from a few GeV up to several tens of EeV. In this work a first systematic approach is presented that describes the change of the abundances from the thermal to the non-thermal state via non-linear diffusive shock acceleration by a temporally evolving shock. Hereby, not only time-dependent ionization states of elements contained in the ambient gas are considered, but also elements condensed on solid, charged dust grains, which not only can be injected into the acceleration process as well, but are from our findings even the dominant injection channel for most heavy elements. This generic parametrized model is then applied to the case of particle acceleration by supernova remnants in various ISM phases as well as Wolf-Rayet (WR) wind environments. We show that the overall low to medium energy cosmic ray distribution by WR explosions yield a significantly harder, which makes this contribution quite promising in order to explain the spectral hardening of the flux of certain elements, such as helium, observed by AMS-02 and other experiments at rigidities of about 1 TV, which would also be an important test for the potential role of WR-progenitor supernovae as the sources of Galactic cosmic rays around the second knee.
Single charged Higgs boson production at the LHC
Creators: name: Arhrib, A.
name: Benbrik, R.
name: Krab, M.
name: Manaut, B.
name: Ouchemhou, M.
name: Yan, Qi-Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for charged Higgs may yield clear and direct signs of new physics outside the realm of the Standard Model (SM). In the Two-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM), we investigate two of the main single charged Higgs production channels at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), assuming that either $h$ or $H$ replicates the detected resonance at $\sim 125~\rm{GeV}$. We consider the possibility of the charged Higgs boson production through the $pp \rightarrow H^\pm W^\mp$ and $pp \rightarrow H^\pm bj$ production processes that may present additional significance at the LHC experiments. Considering the $H^\pm \rightarrow W^\pm h_i/A$ decay channels and mainly concentrating on the $b\bar{b}$, $ττ$ and $γγ$ decays of $h_i$ and $A$, we examine the possible signatures arising from the aforementioned charged Higgs production and decay in both type-I and type-X realizations of 2HDM. Our study shows that these signatures can have sizable rates at low $\tanβ$ as long as the condition $M_{H^\pm} < m_t - m_b$ is satisfied. As a result, we propose the $bb$, $ττ$ and $γγ$ final states associated with $WW$ or $Wbj$ as an encouraging experimental avenue that would complement the LHC search for a charged Higgs boson.
description: Paper about Single charged Higgs boson production at the LHC, 17 pages, 11 figures, to be submitted to PLB
Improvement of diagnostics of quarantine pathogens by digital PCR (QUASAR)
Creators: name: Dreo, Tanja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Euphresco, digital PCR, diagnostics, plant health, validation

description: Slide of the Euphresco project 2016-A-215 'Improvement of diagnostics of quarantine pathogens by digital PCR (QUASAR)'
description: Project funded through the Euphresco network
Complete FcRn dependence for intravenous Ig therapy in autoimmune skin blistering diseases
Creators: name: Li, N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Numerous mechanisms of action have been proposed for intravenous Ig (IVIG). In this study, we used IgG passive transfer murine models of bullous pemphigoid (BP), pemphigus foliaceus (PF), and pemphigus vulgaris (PV) to test the hypothesis that the effect of IVIG in autoantibody-mediated cutaneous bullous diseases is to accelerate the degradation of pathogenic IgG by saturation of the MHC-like Fc receptor neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). BP, PF, and PV are organ-specific antibody-mediated diseases in which autoantibodies target the hemidesmosomal antigen BP180 and desmosomal antigens Dsg1 and Dsg3, respectively. Antibodies against BP180, Dsg1, and Dsg3, when injected into neonatal mice, induce the BP, PF, and PV disease phenotypes, respectively. We found that FcRn-deficient mice were resistant to experimental BP, PF, and PV. Circulating levels of pathogenic IgG in FcRn-deficient mice were significantly reduced compared with those in WT mice. Administration of high-dose human IgG (HDIG) to WT mice also drastically reduced circulating pathogenic IgG levels and prevented blistering. In FcRn-deficient mice, no additional protective effect with HDIG was realized. These data demonstrate that the therapeutic efficacy of HDIG treatment in the pemphigus and pemphigoid models is dependent on FcRn. Thus, FcRn is a promising therapeutic target for treating such IgG-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Spin Waves in Ferromagnetic Insulators Coupled via a Normal Metal
Creators: name: Skarsvag, Hans
name: Kapelrud, Andre
name: Brataas, Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Herein, we study the spin-wave dispersion and dissipation in a ferromagnetic insulator--normal metal--ferromagnetic insulator system. Long-range dynamic coupling because of spin pumping and spin transfer lead to collective magnetic excitations in the two thin-film ferromagnets. In addition, the dynamic dipolar field contributes to the interlayer coupling. By solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski equation for macrospin excitations and the exchange-dipole volume as well as surface spin waves, we compute the effect of the dynamic coupling on the resonance frequencies and linewidths of the various modes. The long-wavelength modes may couple acoustically or optically. In the absence of spin-memory loss in the normal metal, the spin-pumping-induced Gilbert damping enhancement of the acoustic mode vanishes, whereas the optical mode acquires a significant Gilbert damping enhancement, comparable to that of a system attached to a perfect spin sink. The dynamic coupling is reduced for short-wavelength spin waves, and there is no synchronization. For intermediate wavelengths, the coupling can be increased by the dipolar field such that the modes in the two ferromagnetic insulators can couple despite possible small frequency asymmetries. The surface waves induced by an easy-axis surface anisotropy exhibit much greater Gilbert damping enhancement. These modes also may acoustically or optically couple, but they are unaffected by thickness asymmetries.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
First Test Results of the Trans-Impedance Amplifier Stage of the Ultra-fast HPSoC ASIC
Creators: name: Chock, C.
name: Flood, K.
name: Macchiarulo, L.
name: Mostafanezhad, I.
name: Perron, R.
name: Uehara, D.
name: Martinez-Mckinney, F.
name: Rojas, A. Martinez-
name: Mazza, S.
name: Nizam, M.
name: Ott, J.
name: Ryan, E.
name: Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.
name: Schumm, B.
name: Seiden, A.
name: Shin, K.
name: Tarka, M.
name: Wilder, M.
name: Zhao, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results from the HPSoC ASIC designed for readout of Ultra-fast Silicon Detectors. The 4-channel ASIC manufactured in 65 nm CMOS by TSMC has been optimized for 50 um thick AC-LGAD. The evaluation of the analog front end with \b{eta}-particles impinging on 3x3 AC-LGAD arrays (500 um pitch, 200x200 um2 metal) confirms a fast output rise time of 600 ps and good timing performance with a jitter of 45 ps. Further calibration experiments and TCT laser studies indicate some gain limitations that are being investigated and are driving the design of the second-generation pre-amplification stages to reach a jitter of 15 ps.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Distinct roles for the kidney and systemic tissues in blood pressure regulation by the renin-angiotensin system
Creators: name: Coffman, Thomas M.
name: Spurney, Robert F.
name: Le, Thu H.
name: Pazmino, A. Kathy
name: Gurley, Susan B.
name: Crowley, Steven D.
name: Oliverio, Michael I.
name: Smithies, Oliver
name: Flannery, Patrick J.
name: Griffiths, Robert
name: Kim, Hyung-Suk
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Angiotensin II, acting through type 1 angiotensin (AT1) receptors, has potent effects that alter renal excretory mechanisms. Control of sodium excretion by the kidney has been suggested to be the critical mechanism for blood pressure regulation by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). However, since AT1 receptors are ubiquitously expressed, precisely dissecting their physiological actions in individual tissue compartments including the kidney with conventional pharmacological or gene targeting experiments has been difficult. Here, we used a cross-transplantation strategy and AT1A receptor–deficient mice to demonstrate distinct and virtually equivalent contributions of AT1 receptor actions in the kidney and in extrarenal tissues to determining the level of blood pressure. We demonstrate that regulation of blood pressure by extrarenal AT1A receptors cannot be explained by altered aldosterone generation, which suggests that AT1 receptor actions in systemic tissues such as the vascular and/or the central nervous systems make nonredundant contributions to blood pressure regulation. We also show that interruption of the AT1 receptor–mediated short-loop feedback in the kidney is not sufficient to explain the marked stimulation of renin production induced by global AT1 receptor deficiency or by receptor blockade. Instead, the renin response seems to be primarily determined by renal baroreceptor mechanisms triggered by reduced blood pressure. Thus, the regulation of blood pressure by the RAS is mediated by AT1 receptors both within and outside the kidney.
An AGN-starburst composite multi-messenger model of NGC 1068
Creators: name: Eichmann, Björn
name: Dettmar, Ralf-Jürgen
name: Tjus, Julia Becker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent multi-wavelength observations indicate that some starburst galaxies show a dominant nonthermal contribution from its central region. These active galactic nuclei (AGN)-starburst composites are of special interest, as both phenomena on their own are potential sources of the high-energetic cosmic rays and their accompanied gamma-ray and neutrino emission. Here, we will focus on NGC 1068, which is known since several years from its atypical radio-gamma-ray correlation. Recently this source has also shown strong indications of high energy neutrino emission. A first semi-analytical, two-component multi-messenger model is presented that already gives some constraints on the AGN-starburst composite characteristics of NGC 1068 and exposes the need to include both starburst \emph{and} AGN corona to describe the multi-messenger data.
Radiatively driven evaporation from magnetar's surface
Creators: name: Demidov, Ivan
name: Lyubarsky, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The luminosity of the Soft Gamma Repeater (SGR) flares significantly exceeds the Eddington luminosity. This is because they emit mainly in the E-mode, for which the radiative cross-sections are strongly suppressed. The energy is released in the magnetosphere forming a magnetically trapped pair fireball, and the surface of the star is illuminated by the powerful radiation from the fireball. We study the ablation of the matter from the surface by this radiation. The E-mode photons are scattered within the surface layer, partly being converted into O-photons, whose scattering cross-section is of the order of the Thomson cross-section. The high radiation pressure of the O-mode radiation expels the plasma upwards. The uplifted matter forms a thick baryon sheath around the fireball. If an illuminated fraction of the star's surface includes the polar cap, a heavy, mildly relativistic baryonic wind is formed.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
The Rose of Thirteen Petals and the Pomegranate Tree & Literary Evocations of the Zohar in Contemporary Fiction
Creators: name: FIMA, MERAV
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 360201
subject: Creative writing (incl. scriptwriting)
classificationCode: 470599
subject: Literary studies not elsewhere classified

description: This dissertation explores the role of the Zohar as an ever-relevant source of inspiration and as a model for the representation of the mystical experience in contemporary works of literary fiction. The creative component consists of a novel narrating a young aspiring poet and literature scholar’s quest to acquire Spanish citizenship in order to gain access to the Royal Spanish Archives. The critical component places the Zohar in the context of medieval Iberian literature in order to establish its nature as a fictional literary work, while examining the possibility of the mystical novel inspired by the Zohar.
An Archival Search for Very-High-Energy Counterparts to Sub-Threshold Neutron-Star Merger Candidates
Creators: name: Adams, Colin
name: Bartos, Imre
name: Corley, K. Rainer
name: Márka, Szabolcs
name: Márka, Zsuzsanna
name: Veske, Doğa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of electromagnetic signals in coincidence with gravitational waves from neutron-star mergers has solidified the importance of multimessenger campaigns for studying the most energetic astrophysical events. Pioneering multimessenger observatories, such as the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave detectors and the IceCube neutrino observatory, record many candidate signals that fall short of the detection significance threshold. These sub-threshold event candidates are promising targets for multimessenger studies, as the information provided by these candidates may, when combined with time-coincident gamma-ray observations, lead to significant detections. In this contribution, I describe our use of sub-threshold binary neutron star merger candidates identified in Advanced LIGO's first observing run (O1) to search for transient events in very-high-energy gamma rays using archival observations from the VERITAS imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array. I describe the promise of this technique for future joint sub-threshold searches.
Configuration interaction based nonequilibrium steady state impurity solver
Creators: name: Werner, D.
name: Lotze, J.
name: Arrigoni, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a solver for correlated impurity problems out of equilibrium based on a combination of the so-called auxiliary master equation approach (AMEA) and the configuration interaction expansion. Within AMEA one maps the original impurity model onto an auxiliary open quantum system with a restricted number of bath sites which can be addressed by numerical many-body approaches such as Lanczos/Arnoldi exact diagonalization (ED) or matrix product states (MPS). While the mapping becomes exponentially more accurate with increasing number of bath sites, ED implementations are severely limited due to the fast increase of the Hilbert space dimension for open systems, and the MPS solver typically requires rather long runtimes. Here, we propose to adopt a configuration interaction approach augmented by active space extension to solve numerically the correlated auxiliary open quantum system. This allows access to a larger number of bath sites at lower computational costs than for plain ED. We benchmark the approach with numerical renormalization group results in equilibrium and with MPS out of equilibrium. In particular, we evaluate the current, the conductance as well as the Kondo peak and its splitting as a function of increasing bias voltage below the Kondo temperature TK. We obtain a rather accurate scaling of the conductance as a function of the bias voltage and temperature rescaled by TK for moderate to strong interactions in a wide range of parameters. The approach combines the fast runtime of ED with an accuracy close to the one achieved by MPS making it an attractive solver for nonequilibrium dynamical mean field theory.
description: Comments welcome
Genetic essential tremor in γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor α1 subunit knockout mice
Creators: name: O’Buckley, Todd K.
name: Matthews, Douglas B.
name: Kralic, Jason E.
name: Criswell, Hugh E.
name: Hamre, Kristin
name: Osterman, Jessica L.
name: Morrow, A. Leslie
name: Wilkie, Mary E.
name: Homanics, Gregg E.
name: Breese, George R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Essential tremor is the most common movement disorder and has an unknown etiology. Here we report that γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor α1–/– mice exhibit postural and kinetic tremor and motor incoordination that is characteristic of essential tremor disease. We tested mice with essential-like tremor using current drug therapies that alleviate symptoms in essential tremor patients (primidone, propranolol, and gabapentin) and several candidates hypothesized to reduce tremor, including ethanol; the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801; the adenosine A1 receptor agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA); the GABAA receptor modulators diazepam, allopregnanolone, and Ro15-4513; and the L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist nitrendipine. Primidone, propranolol, and gabapentin reduced the amplitude (power) of the pathologic tremor. Nonsedative doses of ethanol eliminated tremor in mice. Diazepam, allopregnanolone, Ro15-4513, and nitrendipine had no effect or enhanced tremor, whereas MK-801 and CCPA reduced tremor. To understand the etiology of tremor in these mice, we studied the electrophysiological properties of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Cerebellar Purkinje cells in GABAA receptor α1–/– mice exhibited a profound loss of all responses to synaptic or exogenous GABA, but no differences in abundance, gross morphology, or spontaneous synaptic activity were observed. This genetic animal model elucidates a mechanism of GABAergic dysfunction in the major motor pathway and potential targets for pharmacotherapy of essential tremor.
Separated Fringe Packet Observations with the CHARA Array II: $ω$ Andromeda, HD 178911, and ξ Cephei
Creators: name: Farrington, Christopher D.
name: Brummelaar, Theo A. ten
name: Mason, Brian D.
name: Hartkopf, William I.
name: Mourard, Denis
name: Moravveji, Ehsan
name: McAlister, Harold A.
name: Turner, Nils H.
name: Sturmann, Laszlo
name: Sturmann, Judit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85-05

description: When observed with optical long-baseline interferometers (OLBI), components of a binary star which are sufficiently separated produce their own interferometric fringe packets; these are referred to as Separated Fringe Packet (SFP) binaries. These SFP binaries can overlap in angular separation with the regime of systems resolvable by speckle interferometry at single, large-aperture telescopes and can provide additional measurements for preliminary orbits lacking good phase coverage, help constrain elements of already established orbits, and locate new binaries in the undersampled regime between the bounds of spectroscopic surveys and speckle interferometry. In this process, a visibility calibration star is not needed, and the separated fringe packets can provide an accurate vector separation. In this paper, we apply the SFP approach to ω Andromeda, HD 178911, and ξ Cephei with the CLIMB three-beam combiner at the CHARA Array. For these systems we determine component masses and parallax of 0.963${\pm}$0.049 $M_{\odot}$ and 0.860${\pm}$0.051 $M_{\odot}$ and 39.54${\pm}$1.85 milliarcseconds (mas) for ω Andromeda, for HD 178911 of 0.802${\pm}$0.055 $M_{\odot}$ and 0.622${\pm}$0.053 $M_{\odot}$ with 28.26${\pm}$1.70 mas, and masses of 1.045${\pm}$0.031 $M_{\odot}$ and 0.408${\pm}$0.066 $M_{\odot}$ and 38.10${\pm}$2.81 mas for ξ Cephei.
description: 28 pages, 4 tables, 6 figures, accepted to AJ May 2014
Rap1b is required for normal platelet function and hemostasis in mice
Creators: name: Chrzanowska-Wodnicka, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Rap1b, an abundant small GTPase in platelets, becomes rapidly activated upon stimulation with agonists. Though it has been implicated to act downstream from G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and upstream of integrin αIIbβ3, the precise role of Rap1b in platelet function has been elusive. Here we report the generation of a murine rap1b knockout and show that Rap1b deficiency results in a bleeding defect due to defective platelet function. Aggregation of Rap1b-null platelets is reduced in response to stimulation with both GPCR-linked and GPCR-independent agonists. Underlying the defective Rap1b-null platelet function is decreased activation of integrin αIIbβ3 in response to stimulation with agonists and signaling downstream from the integrin αIIbβ3. In vivo, Rap1b-null mice are protected from arterial thrombosis. These data provide genetic evidence that Rap1b is involved in a common pathway of integrin activation, is required for normal hemostasis in vivo, and may be a clinically relevant antithrombotic therapy target.
Ill-posedness of the hyperbolic Keller-Segel model in Besov spaces
Creators: name: Fei, Xiang
name: Yu, Yanghai
name: Fei, Mingwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we give a new construction of $u_0\in B^σ_{p,\infty}$ such that the corresponding solution to the hyperbolic Keller-Segel model starting from $u_0$ is discontinuous at $t = 0$ in the metric of $B^σ_{p,\infty}(\R^d)$ with $d\geq1$ and $1\leq p\leq\infty$, which implies the ill-posedness for this equation in $B^σ_{p,\infty}$. Our result generalizes the recent work in \cite{Zhang01} (J. Differ. Equ. 334 (2022)) where the case $d=1$ and $p=2$ was considered.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (50 b)]
Creators: name: Bruxatus, Johannes
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1421
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Johannes Bruxatus, Sohn des verstorbenen Baldessarrus Bruxatus, bescheinigt, vom Müller Johaninus de Cornate, [genannt] Magister, Sohn des verstorbenen Johannolus de Cornate, tätig in einer Mühle in San Pietro Mosezzo, ein Kontingent an Mehl und Getreide als jährliche Abgabe für ein gepachtetes Stück Land samt dieser Mühle und aller für deren Betrieb erforderlichen Mittel und Werkzeuge erhalten zu haben. Es schließt sich ein weiterer Rechtsakt an, in dem eine zusätzliche Verpachtung geregelt wird.
"Star coverage": a simple tool to schedule an observation when FOV rotation matters
Creators: name: Iovenitti, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During a tracking mode observation, every telescope with an alt-azimuthal mount shows a rotation in the field of view (FoV) due to the diurnal motion of the Earth. The angular extension of the rotation depends mainly on the time length of the observation, but also on the telescope's latitude and pointing, because it is determined by the evolution of the parallactic angle of the target, which is a function of those two parameters. In many cases, the rotation of the FoV can be exploited to assess some optomechanical properties of the telescope, e.g. the alignment of the optical elements or the motors' precision during the tracking. As a consequence, it could happen that a proper simulation of the FoV rotation is crucial to program an observation aiming at calibrating the whole system. We present a tool to simulate the apparent rotation of the FoV, calculating the actual "star coverage" exploitable for scientific goals. Given the FoV and the pointing direction, the software calculates the angular extension of the rotation, considering only the stars observable by the telescope below the magnitude limit. This tool will be adopted to schedule the pointing calibration runs of the innovative ASTRI-Horn Cherenkov telescope, developed by INAF for gamma-ray ground-based astronomy, but with the potentiality to produce sky images as an ancillary output, using the so-called Variance method. By exploiting the FoV rotation with the Variance method, the critical assessment of the camera axis can be successfully performed.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021), Berlin, Germany
Why has spacetime torsion such negligible effect on our universe?
Creators: name: Das, Ashmita
name: Mukhopadhyaya, Biswarup
name: SenGupta, Soumitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We attempt an answer to the question as to why the evolution of four-dimensional universe is governed by spacetime curvature but not torsion. An answer is found if there is an additional compact spacelike dimension with a warped geometry, with torsion caused by a Kalb-Ramond (KR) antisymmetric tensor field in the bulk. Starting from a Randall-Sundrum type of warped extra dimension, and including the inevitable back reaction ensuing from the radius stabilization mechanism, we show that there is always an extra exponential suppression of the KR field on the four-dimensional projection that constitutes our visible universe. The back reaction is found to facilitate the process of such suppression.
description: 4 Pages, Revtex
Analysis of the ionized interstellar medium and orbital dynamics of PSR~J1909-3744 using scintillation arcs
Creators: name: Askew, Jacob
name: Reardon, Daniel
name: Shannon, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-term studies of binary millisecond pulsars (MSPs) provide precise tests of strong-field gravity and can be used to measure neutron-star masses. PSR~J1909$-$3744, a binary MSP has been the subject of several pulsar timing analyses. The edge-on orbit enables measurement of its mass using the Shapiro delay; however, there is degeneracy in the sense of the inclination angle, $i$, and multiple solutions for the longitude of ascending node, $Ω$. Radio pulsars scintillate due to inhomogeneities in the ionized interstellar medium (IISM). This can result in scintillation arcs in the power spectrum of the dynamic spectrum that can use these to study the interstellar medium and constrain binary pulsar orbits. Here, we study the scintillation of PSR~J1909-3744 using observations from the 64-m Parkes Radio Telescope (Murriyang) over $\approx$13\, years, using techniques to study scintillation in a lower signal-to-noise regime. By monitoring annual and orbital variations of the arc-curvature measurements we are able to characterise the velocity of the IISM. We find that the statistics of the IISM remained stationary over this time and a slightly anisotropic model (axial ratio $\gtrsim1.2$) is preferred. We measure the relative distance to a single dominant thin scattering screen at $s=0.49\pm0.04$, or $D_s=590\pm50$\,pc, with an angle of anisotropy $ζ=85\pm6^\circ$ (East of North) and velocity in the direction of anisotropy $V_{\textrm{IISM}, ζ}=14\pm10$\,km\,s$^{-1}$. By combining a physical model of the IISM and current pulsar timing results, we also constrain $Ω=225\pm3^\circ$ and $i=86.46\pm0.05^\circ$.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Accessing Different Spin-Disordered States using First Order Reversal Curves
Creators: name: Dumas, Randy K.
name: Greene, Peter K.
name: Gilbert, Dustin A.
name: Ye, Li
name: Zha, Chaolin
name: Åkerman, Johan
name: Liu, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combined first order reversal curve (FORC) analyses of the magnetization (M-FORC) and magnetoresistance (MR-FORC) have been employed to provide a comprehensive study of the M-MR correlation in two canonical systems: a NiFe/Cu/FePt pseudo spin-valve (PSV) and a [Co/Cu]8 multilayer. In the PSV, due to the large difference in switching fields and minimal interactions between the NiFe and FePt layers, the M and MR show a simple one-to-one relationship during reversal. In the [Co/Cu]8 multilayer, the correlation between the magnetization reversal and MR evolution is more complex. This is primarily due to the similar switching fields of, and interactions between, the constituent Co layers. The FORC protocol accesses states with much higher spin disorders and larger MR than those found along the conventional major loop field-cycle. Unlike the M-FORC measurements, which only probe changes in the macroscopic magnetization, the MR-FORCs are more sensitive to the microscopic domain configurations, as those are most important in determining the resultant MR effect size. This approach is generally applicable to spintronic systems to realize the maximum spin-disorder and the largest MR.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Virial theorem in clusters of galaxies with MOND
Creators: name: Lopez-Corredoira, M.
name: Betancort-Rijo, J. E.
name: Scarpa, R.
name: Chrobakova, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A specific modification of Newtonian dynamics known as MOND has been shown to reproduce the dynamics of most astrophysical systems at different scales without invoking non-baryonic dark matter (DM). There is, however, a long-standing unsolved problem when MOND is applied to rich clusters of galaxies in the form of a deficit (by a factor around two) of predicted dynamical mass derived from the virial theorem with respect to observations. In this article we approach the virial theorem using the velocity dispersion of cluster members along the line of sight rather than using the cluster temperature from X-ray data and hydrostatic equilibrium. Analytical calculations of the virial theorem in clusters for Newtonian gravity+DM and MOND are developed, applying pressure (surface) corrections for non-closed systems. Recent calibrations of DM profiles, baryonic ratio and baryonic ($β$ model or others) profiles are used, while allowing free parameters to range within the observational constraints. It is shown that solutions exist for MOND in clusters that give similar results to Newton+DM -- particularly in the case of an isothermal $β$ model for $β=0.55-0.70$ and core radii $r_c$ between 0.1 and 0.3 times $r_{500}$ (in agreement with the known data). The disagreements found in previous studies seem to be due to the lack of pressure corrections (based on inappropriate hydrostatic equilibrium assumptions) and/or inappropriate parameters for the baryonic matter profiles.
description: accepted to be published in MNRAS