title: ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ¼Ð¸, Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¾ÑÐºÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð·Ð°ÐºÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ð¼ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Analysis of the operation of the district heating system with consumers connected by open and closed hot water supply schemes
Creators: name: ÐÐ°Ð²ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ð², ÐÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¼
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: ÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ðµ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ
ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ
Ð¢Ð­Ð¦
ÐÐÐ¡
ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÐµÑÑ
Ð¾ÑÐºÑÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð° ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
Ð·Ð°ÐºÑÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð° ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
ÐÐ¢Ð£
ÐÐ¢Ð
ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²ÑÐµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸
central heating
heating
CHP
DHW
heat network
open heat supply system
closed heat supply system
STP
IHP
heat losses

description: ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Â«ÑÐ¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹Â» ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¾ÑÐºÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð·Ð°ÐºÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð°Ð¼Ð¸. ÐÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸, ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð´Ðµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ: â¢ Ð¡ÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐºÑÑÑÑÑ, Ð·Ð°ÐºÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ Â«ÑÐ¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÑÂ» ÑÑÐµÐ¼ ÐÐÐ¡. â¢ ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Â«ÑÐ¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÑÂ» ÑÑÐµÐ¼ ÐÐÐ¡ Ð½Ð° Ð¢Ð­Ð¦. â¢ ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Â«ÑÐ¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÑÂ» ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼ ÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð³Ð¸Ð´ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ñ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ¹. Ð Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Â«ÑÐ¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÑÂ» ÑÑÐµÐ¼ ÐÐÐ¡ Ð½Ð° Ð¢Ð­Ð¦ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð¾ÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÐµ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð² Ð¡ÐÐÐ  United Cycle Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑÐ° ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð² ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¢Ð­Ð¦ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð². ÐÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Â«ÑÐ¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÑÂ» ÑÑÐµÐ¼ ÐÐÐ¡ Ð½Ð° Ð³Ð¸Ð´ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ¹ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð¾ÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ° ZuluThermo. ÐÐ¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÑÐ²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹, Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¿ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð¹ Ð·Ð°ÐºÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ðµ ÐÐÐ¡, ÑÐ²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¾Ð´ ÑÐ¾Ð¿Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð° Ð½Ð° Ð¢Ð­Ð¦, ÑÐ²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÐ¼ÑÐ¹ Ð³Ð¸Ð´ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¾ÑÐµ, ÑÐ²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¸ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»Ñ. ÐÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ð¿Ð¾Â  Ð·Ð°ÐºÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ðµ ÐÐÐ¡ ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð²ÑÑÑÑÑÐ¿ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð¹ Ð·Ð°ÐºÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐÐÐ¡, Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾ Ð³Ð¸Ð´ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Â«ÑÐ¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÑÂ» ÑÑÐµÐ¼ ÐÐÐ¡ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ¼Ð¸, Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð´Ð²ÑÑÑÑÑÐ¿ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼ Ð·Ð°ÐºÑÑÑÑÐ¼ ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð°Ð¼ ÐÐÐ¡, ÑÑÐµÐ±ÑÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÐµÐ¹ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹. Ð ÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ Â«ÑÐ¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÑÑÂ» ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼ ÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ.
description: This work is devoted to comparing the operation of a "mixed" district heating system with open and closed systems. The main tasks solved in the course of work: â¢ Comparison of operation of open, closed and "mixed" DHW schemes. â¢ Analysis of the impact of âmixedâ DHW schemes on CHPP. â¢ Analysis of the impact of "mixed" district heating systems on the hydraulic regimes of heat networks. In this paper, the influence of âmixedâ hot water supply schemes at CHPPs was analyzed using the example of creating a mathematical model in United Cycle CAD and calculating CHPP operating modes with subsequent processing of the results. The influence of "mixed" hot water supply schemes on the hydraulic operating modes of heat networks was analyzed using the ZuluThermo calculation complex. The results obtained showed that with an increase in the proportion of consumers connected according to a single-stage closed DHW scheme, fuel consumption at the CHPP increases, the available hydraulic head at the pump increases, and the cost of electricity for transporting the coolant increases. Therefore, to connect new consumers in a closed DHW circuit, it is recommended to use a two-stage closed DHW circuit, however, the hydraulic modes of âmixedâ DHW circuits with consumers connected in a two-stage closed DHW circuit require further research. The results of the work can be used in the design of "mixed" heat supply systems.