cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Wave function of the Universe, path integrals and gauge invariance
Creators: name: Shestakova, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper is devoted to some of the difficulties which the Wheeler - DeWitt quantum geometrodynamics encountered, in particular, a strong mathematical proof that this theory is gauge-invariant, the definition of the wave function of the Universe through a path integral and the illegality of asymptotic boundary conditions in quantum gravity, the derivation of the Wheeler - DeWitt equation from the path integral and the equivalence of the Dirac quantization scheme with other approaches, the problem of definition of physical states in quantum gravity, possible realizations of the Everett concept of "relative states". The problems are rarely discussed in the literature. They are related with the guiding idea that quantum theory of gravity must gauge invariant. It will lead to the question if it is possible to achieve this goal in a mathematically consistent way.
description: 12 pages, the paper was written for the hundredth issue of the journal "Gravitation & Cosmology"
KOREYS TILINING O'ZBEKISTONDAGI O'RNI
Creators: name: Zayniddinova, Sarvinoz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Maqolada oxirgi yillarda koreys tilining shiddat bilan dunyo ta’lim tizimiga kirib borishi bilan birgalikda, xususan uning O’zbekistondagi o’rganilish holati va darajasi, hamda uni ommalashtirish maqsadida olib borilayotgan chora-tadbirlar tahlil qilinadi.
Depositional architecture and deformation pattern of Middle Pleistocene ice marginal deposits in north-western Germany: a synoptic overview
Creators: name: Winsemann, Jutta
name: Brandes, Christian
name: Polom, Ulrich
name: Weber, Christian
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2011

description: Eisrandsysteme sind bedeutende paläogeographische Archive, die die Vereisungsgeschichte in marinen und kontinentalen Becken aufzeichnen. Im Fokus dieser Arbeit stehen saalezeitliche, glazilakustrine Eisrandablagerungen des Weser-und Leineberglandes, die in etwa die maximale Ausdehnung des saalezeitlichen Drenthe-Eisschildes markieren. Die Faziesarchitektur und die internen Deformationstrukturen dieser Eisrandablagerungen werden in Hinblick auf Gletscherdynamik, hochfrequente Seespiegelschwankungen und Basement-Tektonik diskutiert. In den letzen 10 Jahren haben wir im Weser- und Leinebergland 27 Kies- und Sandgruben neu bearbeitetet und mehr als 4000 Bohrungen ausgewertet, um die saalezeitliche Sedimentation im Bereich des Eisrandes und der vorgelagerten Seebecken zu rekonstruieren. Die Geländearbeiten wurden durch Scherwellenseismik-Profile ergänzt. Basierend auf diesen Daten wurden mit Hilfe von digitalen Höhenmodellen und geographischen Informationssystemen (GIS) saalezeitliche Eisstauseen im Weser- und Leinebergland rekonstruiert. Wir vermuten, dass die Bildung und das katastrophale Auslaufen dieser tiefen Eisstausseen die Stabilität des drenthezeitlichen Eisschildes stark beeinflusst und möglicherweise den Hondsrug Eisstrom initiiert haben. Unsere Studie zeigt darüber hinaus, dass der elsterzeitliche Eisschild vermutlich nicht weiter als der drenthezeitliche Eisschild nach Süden vorgedrungen ist, als bisher angenommen wurde.
description: research
title: Reproduction of Estonian Quantity Patterns by Non-Native Speakers
Creators: name: Polsterer, Katharina
name: Hiovain, Katri
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2020

description: Estonian is particularly characterised by its three-way
phonological quantity contrast. The language distinguishes short (Q1),
long (Q2), and overlong (Q3) vowels as well as consonants.
Phonological quantity occurs in stressed syllables, whereas the
following unstressed syllable varies in duration depending on the
former (Lehiste 1960). On the other hand, the German varieties which
are spoken in Austria contrast two quantity degrees in vowels.
Temporal patterns regarding consonants are not entirely clear yet.
This work studies the ability of naïve Austrian speakers to reproduce
Estonian quantity patterns. For the reproduction experiment, 48
Estonian words were recorded and presented to 18 non-native
participants. Each participant completed four rounds of listening and
repeating words, which resulted in 3,456 non-native repetitions. The
duration of each individual segment was determined. The raw data
was then analysed statistically. The results suggest that Austrian
German natives, who are naïve listeners of Estonian, are able to
reproduce three different quantity degrees in the foreign language.
Nevertheless, the non-native durations partly differed significantly
from the native durations. Furthermore, the participants were not
equally successful in repeating the duration of the unstressed syllable.
Thus, to the Austrian speakers, the temporal cue seems to be more
salient in stressed syllables.
description: Keywords: Estonian, quantity, non-native language perception,
cross-language speech perception
description: Grazer Linguistische Studien (Herbst 2020); S. 45-84
Biologically inspired learning in a layered neural net
Creators: name: Bedaux, J.
name: van Leeuwen, W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A feed-forward neural net with adaptable synaptic weights and fixed, zero or non-zero threshold potentials is studied, in the presence of a global feedback signal that can only have two values, depending on whether the output of the network in reaction to its input is right or wrong. It is found, on the basis of four biologically motivated assumptions, that only two forms of learning are possible, Hebbian and Anti-Hebbian learning. Hebbian learning should take place when the output is right, while there should be Anti-Hebbian learning when the output is wrong. For the Anti-Hebbian part of the learning rule a particular choice is made, which guarantees an adequate average neuronal activity without the need of introducing, by hand, control mechanisms like extremal dynamics. A network with realistic, i.e., non-zero threshold potentials is shown to perform its task of realizing the desired input-output relations best if it is sufficiently diluted, i.e. if only a relatively low fraction of all possible synaptic connections is realized.
Prevalence of non-falciparum malaria infections among asymptomatic individuals in four regions of Mainland Tanzania
Creators: name: Mandara, Celine I.
name: Ishengoma, Deus S.
name: Bailey, Jeffrey A.
name: Gutman, Julie R.
name: Giesbrecht, David J.
name: Seth, Misago D.
name: Lusasi, Abdallah
name: Aaron, Sijenunu
name: Popkin-Hall, Zachary R.
name: Madebe, Rashid A.
name: Francis, Filbert
name: Bakari, Catherine
name: Lazaro, Samwel
name: Mbwambo, Daniel
name: Juliano, Jonathan J.
name: Pereus, Dativa
name: Budodo, Rule
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Background Recent studies point to the need to incorporate the detection of non-falciparum species into malaria surveillance activities in sub-Saharan Africa, where 95% of the world’s malaria cases occur. Although malaria caused by infection with Plasmodium falciparum is typically more severe than malaria caused by the non-falciparum Plasmodium species P. malariae, P. ovale spp. and P. vivax, the latter may be more challenging to diagnose, treat, control and ultimately eliminate. The prevalence of non-falciparum species throughout sub-Saharan Africa is poorly defined. Tanzania has geographical heterogeneity in transmission levels but an overall high malaria burden. Methods To estimate the prevalence of malaria species in Mainland Tanzania, we randomly selected 1428 samples from 6005 asymptomatic isolates collected in previous cross-sectional community surveys across four regions and analyzed these by quantitative PCR to detect and identify the Plasmodium species. Results Plasmodium falciparum was the most prevalent species in all samples, with P. malariae and P. ovale spp. detected at a lower prevalence (< 5%) in all four regions; P. vivax was not detected in any sample. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that malaria elimination efforts in Tanzania will need to account for and enhance surveillance of these non-falciparum species.
Modeling Study of Domain Wall Motion in Dual Magnetic Layers Driven by Spin Hall Effect
Creators: name: Liu, Xi
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Future high density data storage also desires fast read/write and low power capability . One of the candidates for meeting the demand is current-driven domain wall motion memory. Domain walls can be moved by current via the Spin Hall effect in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI). In such a case, the domain wall motion is propelled by the polarized pure spin current injected into the magnetic layer from the electron flow in an adjacent heavy-metal layer. Much of existing work has been focusing on enhancing the domain wall motion by interlayer interaction, including exchanging coupling and dipolar interaction. Here, we focus on creating fast domain wall motion, required for high speed switching, with increased spin injection efficiency. In particular the magnetic layer are sandwiched by two heavy metal layers, enabling spin injection from both the top and bottom sides of the magnetic layer. In this thesis, we present a micromagnetic modeling investigation on symmetric dual magnetic layers with heavy metals on both sides. Specifically, the domain wall motion behavior of symmetric Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt multilayer has been investigated. The study focuses on the effect of interlayer interaction between the two magnetic layers during the current driven domain wall motion.
We first verified that we could adjust the spin current and chirality of the domain wall to control domain wall motion by manipulating the Pt/Co/Ir film stack order. Based on such understanding, the magnetic layer in the dual magnetic layers system with ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic coupling is further investigated. We discover that the velocities increase while the ferromagnetic exchanging coupling strength decreases.
The inner magnetization of domain walls in different layers will create a certain angle to facilitate the domain wall motion. The velocities saturate when they create a 180-degree angle. On the other hand, the domain wall motion is accelerated once the two magnetic layers are antiferromagnetic coupled together. The exchange coupling interaction creates an extra torque, which increases the velocities of the domain wall. The domain wall also transforms into an “S” shape instead of being linear to reduce the demagnetization field. Hence the domain wall motion is faster at low current density.
Geospatial Trajectory Generation via Efficient Abduction: Deployment for Independent Testing
Creators: name: Bavikadi, Divyagna
name: Aditya, Dyuman
name: Parkar, Devendra
name: Shakarian, Paulo
name: Mueller, Graham
name: Parvis, Chad
name: Simari, Gerardo I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ability to generate artificial human movement patterns while meeting location and time constraints is an important problem in the security community, particularly as it enables the study of the analog problem of detecting such patterns while maintaining privacy. We frame this problem as an instance of abduction guided by a novel parsimony function represented as an aggregate truth value over an annotated logic program. This approach has the added benefit of affording explainability to an analyst user. By showing that any subset of such a program can provide a lower bound on this parsimony requirement, we are able to abduce movement trajectories efficiently through an informed (i.e., A*) search. We describe how our implementation was enhanced with the application of multiple techniques in order to be scaled and integrated with a cloud-based software stack that included bottom-up rule learning, geolocated knowledge graph retrieval/management, and interfaces with government systems for independently conducted government-run tests for which we provide results. We also report on our own experiments showing that we not only provide exact results but also scale to very large scenarios and provide realistic agent trajectories that can go undetected by machine learning anomaly detectors.
description: In Proceedings ICLP 2024, arXiv:2502.08453
Pleistocene loess deposits and mollusc assemblages in the Eastern Pre-Alps
Creators: name: Frank, Christa
name: Terhorst, Birgit
name: Damm, Bodo
name: Thiel, Christine
name: Frechen, Manfred
name: Peticzka, Robert
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2011

description: Die Lössablagerungen im nördlichen Wienerwald sind im Vergleich mit anderen Mittelgebirgsregionen aufgrund ihrer Mächtigkeit sehr eindrucksvoll. Charakterista in der Korngrößenverteilung zeigen deutlich, dass die Lösse im Hagenbachtal sich von denen anderer Lösssgebiete unterscheiden. Ein Vergleich mit Lössprofilen in Krems und Stillfried hat ergeben, dass der Löss im Hagenbachtal einen erhöhten Sandanteil aufweist und damit den Einfluss der Flysch-Sandsteine widerspiegelt. Das spricht für einen lokalen Sedimenteintrag und kurze äolische Transportstrecken. Zudem wurde der Löss unter kühl-humiden Paläoklimabedingungen zum Teil als Schwemmlöss abgelagert. Die malakologischen Ergebnisse stimmen mit den geomorphodynamischen Bedingungen überein. Die Umlagerungsprozesse haben zu einer intensiven Fragmentierung der Schalenreste geführt. Die malakologischen Untersuchungen belegen insgesamt 28 unterschiedliche Arten von terrestrischen Gastropoden mit 3283 Individuen. Die paläoökologische Auswertung spricht für sehr humide, kühle Klimabedingungen mit einer schwach ausgeprägten, klimatisch etwas günstigeren Phase.
description: research
Grand Pleromal Transmutation : condensates via Konsishi anomaly, dimensional transmutation and ultraminimal GUTs
Creators: name: Aulakh, Charanjit S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using consistency requirements relating chiral condensates imposed by the so called Generalized Konishi Anomaly, we show that dimensional transmutation via gaugino condensation {\emph{in the ultraviolet}} drives gauge symmetry breaking in a large class of {\emph{asymptotically strong}} Super Yang Mills Higgs theories. For Adjoint multiplet type chiral superfields $Φ$ (transforming as $r \times \bar r$ representations of a non Abelian gauge group G), solution of the Generalized Konishi Anomaly(GKA) equations allows calculation of quantum corrected VEVs in terms of the dimensional transmutation scale $Λ_{UV} \simeq M_X \, e^{\frac{8π^2}{ g^2(M_X) b_0}} $ which determines the gaugino condensate. Thus the gauge coupling at the perturbative unification scale $M_X$ generates GUT symmetry breaking VEVs by non-perturbative dimensional transmutation. This obviates the need for large(or any) input mass scales in the superpotential. Rank reduction can be achieved by including pairs of chiral superfields transforming as either $({\bf Q}(r),{ \bf\bar Q}(\bar r))$ or $ (\Sig((r\otimes r)_{symm})), \Sigb(({\bar r \otimes\bar r})_{symm})$, that form trilinear matrix gauge invariants $\bar Q\cdot Φ\cdot Q, \Sigb \cdot Φ\cdot \Sig $ with $Φ$. Novel, robust and {\emph{ultraminimal}} Grand unification algorithms emerge from the analysis. We sketch the structure of a realistic Spin(10) model, with the $16$-plet of Spin(10) as the base representation $r$, which mimics the realistic Minimal Supersymmetric GUT but contains even fewer free parameters. We argue that our results point to a large extension of the dominant and normative paradigms of Asymptotic Freedom$/$IR colour confinement and potential driven spontaneous symmetry breaking that have long ruled gauge theories.
description: Published version. Section 2.2 (added in v2,v3 to educate reluctant referee) has been removed as redundant because judged obviously known to any competent reader by accepting referee ! Thus v4 is very close to v1 except for correction of a significant typo in eqn(34) section 4.1
Radiative Penguin decays
Creators: name: Playfer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A review of recent experimental results on radiative Penguin decays, and their interpretation within the Standard Model
description: Contribution to CKM Unitarity Triangle Workshop, Durham 2003
Nonanomalous Discrete R-Symmetry and Light Gravitino
Creators: name: Hamaguchi, K.
name: Maru, Nobuhito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss nonanomalous R-symmetry in the supersymmetric grand unified theories. In particular, we explore anomaly-free solutions predicting the gravitino mass in the range of $10^{-3} eV \lsim m_{3/2} \lsim 1 TeV$ when the $μ$-parameter is fixed to be $μ\simeq 1 TeV$. In the minimal SU(5) GUT, we have shown that $μ\simeq 1 TeV$ is obtained only if the gravitino is ultralight with mass $m_{3/2} \sim 10^{-3} eV$. If extra fields ${\bf 5}\oplus{\bf 5^*}$ or ${\bf 10}\oplus{\bf 10^*}$ are introduced, many solutions predicting $m_{3/2} \gsim 10^{-3} eV$ are found. The R-parity is violated due to the vacuum expectation value of the superpotential, but it is controlled by the discrete R-symmetry. We find that the R-parity violating couplings are naturally suppressed much below the experimental bounds for some charge assignments. These charge assignments predict light gravitino with masses of order ${\cal O}(10^{-3} eV)$--${\cal O}(1 MeV)$. These discrete R-symmetries can be considered as solutions to the $μ$-problem in low energy supersymmetry breaking models such as the gauge mediation.
description: 20 pages, no figure. v2: minor corrections, references added, "Note Added" in Summary added
An Outline of the Quaternary Stratigraphy of Austria
Creators: name: Husen, Dirk Van
name: Reitner, Jürgen M.
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2011

description: Es wird ein Überblick über die in Österreich verwendete Quartär-Stratigraphie gegeben. Die stratigraphische Gliederung der kartierbaren Sedimenteinheiten basiert teilweise auf Kriterien der Lithostratigraphie (lithologischer Eigenschaften) und jenen der Allostratigraphie (z.B. Diskonitinuitäten). Für das Altpleistozän (2.58–0.78 Ma) fehlen bis jetzt Spuren einer Vergletscherung. Die wenigen und isolierten Sedimentvorkommen belegen fluviatile Akkumulation und Lössablagerung in der Umgebung der Flüsse. Paläomagnetisch korrelierte Löss-Paläoboden – Sequenzen wie das Profil Stranzendorf mit der Gauss/Matuyama – Grenze bzw. Neogen/Quartär – Grenze dokumentieren in Übereinstimmung mit den globalen δ18O Werten etwas wärmere Bedingungen als im Mittelpleistozän (0.78–0.13 Ma). Vier Großvergletscherungen (Günz, Mindel, Riß und Würm) sind für Mittelpleistozän und Jungpleistozän belegt. Diese sind mit Sedimenten aus der Vorstoßphase überlagert von Grundmoräne, Endmoränen im Alpenvorland und damit verknüpfte Terrassenschüttungen sowie Lössakkumulation dokumentiert. Daraus ist die klimagesteuerte Sedimentation im Zusammenhang mit dem Vorstoß der Gletscher, der Ausbreitung des Permafrostes und der Frostschuttbildung bis ins Vorland erkennbar. Die jüngsten Großvergletscherungen Riß und Würm werden aufgrund geochronologischer Daten mit den Marinen Isotopenstufen (MIS) 6 und 2 korreliert. Für Günz und Mindel scheint eine Gleichzeitigkeit mit den Phasen massiver globaler Klimaverschlechterung während MIS 16 und MIS 12 plausibel. Dokumente für die schwächeren Glaziale wurden bisher nur in Lössprofilen (z.B. Krems Schießstätte) gefunden.
description: research
Some Local Measures of Complexity of Convex Hulls and Generalization Bounds
Creators: name: Bousquet, Olivier
name: Koltchinskii, Vladimir
name: Panchenko, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G35

description: We investigate measures of complexity of function classes based on continuity moduli of Gaussian and Rademacher processes. For Gaussian processes, we obtain bounds on the continuity modulus on the convex hull of a function class in terms of the same quantity for the class itself. We also obtain new bounds on generalization error in terms of localized Rademacher complexities. This allows us to prove new results about generalization performance for convex hulls in terms of characteristics of the base class. As a byproduct, we obtain a simple proof of some of the known bounds on the entropy of convex hulls.
description: 15 pages
Manipulation and trapping of magnetic skyrmions with domain walls in chiral magnetic thin films
Creators: name: Leask, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we use chiral domain walls to manipulate and trap magnetic skyrmion quasi-particles in chiral magnetic materials such as ultrathin Co/Pt films. The magnetic skyrmions can be orientated such that their interaction with domain walls is repulsive, allowing for them to be stored between domain walls. In certain orientations, the skyrmion can be absorbed into the domain wall, forming a domain wall kink. In other orientations, it can absorbed to form a kink-antikink domain wall with zero topological charge. The magnetic skyrmion can even be orientated in such a way that it remains trapped but creates a topological defect-antidefect pair in one of the walls. By altering the phases of one of the chiral domain walls, one can erase or store the magnetic skyrmion as an isolated soliton or as a domain wall skyrmion/antiskyrmion. This adds a valuable asset to an ever growing toolbox of spintronic nano-devices.
description: 18 pages, 147 figures
Individual and Contextual Correlates of Latent Bystander Profiles toward Racist Hate Speech: A Multilevel Person-centered Approach
Creators: name: Wright, Michelle F.
name: Espelage, Dorothy L.
name: Gámez-Guadix, Manuel
name: Wachs, Sebastian
name: Bilz, Ludwig
name: Wettstein, Alexander
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Prior research into bystander responses to hate speech has utilized variable-centered analyses — such approaches risk simplifying the complex nature of bystander behaviors. Hence, the present study used a person-centered analysis to investigate latent hate speech bystander profiles. In addition, individual and classroom-level correlates associated with the various profiles were studied. The sample included 3225 students in grades 7–9 (51.7% self-identified as female; 37.2% with immigrant background) from 215 classrooms in Germany and Switzerland. The latent profile analysis revealed that four distinct profiles could be distinguished: Passive Bystanders (34.2%), Defenders (47.3%), Revengers (9.8%), and Contributors (8.6%). Multilevel logistic regression models showed common and distinct correlates. For example, students who believed that certain social groups are superior were more likely to be Revengers and Contributors than Passive Bystanders, students who felt more connected with teachers were more likely to be Defenders, and students who were more open to diversity were less likely to be Contributors than Passive Bystanders. Students were less likely Defenders and more likely Revengers and Contributors than Passive Bystanders in classrooms with high rates of hate speech perpetration. Further, in classrooms with high hate speech intervention, students were more likely to be Defenders and less likely to be Contributors than Passive Bystanders. In classrooms with stronger cohesion, students were more likely to be Defenders and less likely to be Contributors than Passive Bystanders. In conclusion, the findings add to our understanding of bystander profiles concerning racist hate speech and the relevance of individual and classroom-level factors in explaining various profiles of bystander behavior.
Trajectories RDF Dataset From TripBuilder
Creators: name: Izquierdo, Yenier Torres
name: Leme, Luiz André Portes Paes
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80704 Information Retrieval and Web Search
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 90903 Geospatial Information Systems
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: RDF data about trajectories generated from the TripBuilder dataset, which is based on the original github project, whose creator is not part of the authors team.
title: Nanopore Guided Regional Assembly
Creators: name: Adam, Eleni
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: The telomeres are the “caps” of the chromosomes and their vital role is to protect them. Possible telomere dysfunction caused by telomere rearrangements can be fatal for the cell and result in age-related diseases, including cancer. The telomeres and subtelomeres are regions that are hard to investigate. The current technology cannot provide their complete sequence, instead the DNA is given in multiple pieces. Current methods of assembling the pieces of these regions are not accurate enough due to the region’s high variability and complex repeated patterns. We propose a hybrid assembly method, the NPGREAT, which utilizes two of the latest available data: Linked-Reads and ultralong Nanopore reads. It consists of five main steps: (i) The input selection of the data, (ii) the Orientation, Order and Enhanced Correction of the short contigs by using the long reads as scaffolds, upon which the short contigs are mapped to.
Are Large Language Models Really Bias-Free? Jailbreak Prompts for Assessing Adversarial Robustness to Bias Elicitation
Creators: name: Cantini, Riccardo
name: Cosenza, Giada
name: Orsino, Alessio
name: Talia, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, demonstrating remarkable computational power and linguistic capabilities. However, these models are inherently prone to various biases stemming from their training data. These include selection, linguistic, and confirmation biases, along with common stereotypes related to gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, socioeconomic status, disability, and age. This study explores the presence of these biases within the responses given by the most recent LLMs, analyzing the impact on their fairness and reliability. We also investigate how known prompt engineering techniques can be exploited to effectively reveal hidden biases of LLMs, testing their adversarial robustness against jailbreak prompts specially crafted for bias elicitation. Extensive experiments are conducted using the most widespread LLMs at different scales, confirming that LLMs can still be manipulated to produce biased or inappropriate responses, despite their advanced capabilities and sophisticated alignment processes. Our findings underscore the importance of enhancing mitigation techniques to address these safety issues, toward a more sustainable and inclusive artificial intelligence.
Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation For Local Non-Markovian Noise
Creators: name: Terhal, Barbara M.
name: Burkard, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a threshold result for fault-tolerant quantum computation for local non-Markovian noise models. The role of error amplitude in our analysis is played by the product of the elementary gate time t_0 and the spectral width of the interaction Hamiltonian between system and bath. We discuss extensions of our model and the applicability of our analysis.
description: 19 pages+ 3 figures; v2: minor corrections and reply to comment by Alicki (http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0402139)
On the conservation of energy in two-dimensional incompressible flows
Creators: name: Lanthaler, S.
name: Mishra, S.
name: Parés-Pulido, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove the conservation of energy for weak and statistical solutions of the two-dimensional Euler equations, generated as strong (in an appropriate topology) limits of the underlying Navier-Stokes equations and a Monte Carlo-Spectral Viscosity numerical approximation, respectively. We characterize this conservation of energy in terms of a uniform decay of the so-called structure function, allowing us to extend existing results on energy conservation. Moreover, we present numerical experiments with a wide variety of initial data to validate our theory and to observe energy conservation in a large class of two-dimensional incompressible flows.
Suppression of charge-ordering and appearance of magnetoresistance in a spin-cluster glass manganite La0.3Ca0.7Mn0.8Cr0.2O3
Creators: name: Sudyoadsuk, T
name: Suryanarayanan, R
name: Winotai, P
name: Wenger, L. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic properties of electron-doped manganite La0.3Ca0.7MnO3 and La0.3Ca0.7Mn0.8Cr0.2O3 polycrystalline samples prepared by sol-gel technique have been investigated between 5 and 300 K in magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 5 T. The transition at 260 K, attributed to charge ordering in La0.3Ca0.7MnO3, is completely suppressed in the Cr-substituted sample while the onset of a magnetic remanence followed by the appearance of a magnetic irreversibility at lower temperatures is observed in both samples. These features indicate that ferromagnetic clusters coexist with either an antiferromagnetic phase for La0.3Ca0.7MnO3 or a spin-cluster glass phase for La0.3Ca0.7Mn0.8Cr0.2O3 at the lowest temperatures. The exponential temperature dependence of the resistivity for the Cr-substituted sample is consistent with the small polaron hopping model for 120 K < T < 300 K, while the data are better described by Mott's hopping mechanism for T < 120 K. Whereas the parent compound La0.3Ca0.7MnO3 is known to show no magnetoresistance, a large negative magnetoresistance is observed in the La0.3Ca0.7Mn0.8Cr0.2O3 sample below 120 K. The appearance of the CMR is attributed to spin dependent hopping between spin clusters and/or between ferromagnetic domains.
HDOT -- an Approach Towards Productive Programming of Hybrid Applications
Creators: name: Ciesko, Jan
name: Martínez-Ferrer, Pedro J.
name: Veigas, Raúl Peñacoba
name: Teruel, Xavier
name: Beltran, Vicenç
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: MPI applications matter. However, with the advent of many-core processors, traditional MPI applications are challenged to achieve satisfactory performance. This is due to the inability of these applications to respond to load imbalances, to reduce serialization imposed by synchronous communication patterns, to overlap communication with computation and finally to deal with increasing memory overheads. The MPI specification provides asynchronous calls to mitigate some of these factors. However, application developers rarely make the effort to apply them efficiently. In this work, we present a methodology to develop hybrid applications called Hierarchical Domain Over-decomposition with Tasking (HDOT), that reduces programming effort by emphasizing the reuse of data partition schemes from process-level and applying them on task-level, allowing a top-down approach to express concurrency and allowing a natural coexistence between MPI and shared-memory programming models. Our integration of MPI and OmpSs-2 shows promising results in terms of programmability and performance measured on a set of applications.
description: Accepted manuscript
Metabolomic signatures of carfilzomib‐related cardiotoxicity in patients with multiple myeloma
Creators: name: Lu, Qing
name: Lenihan, Daniel
name: Gong, Yan
name: Nguyen, Trang N.
name: Shabnaz, Samia
name: Williams, Roy
name: Fradley, Michael G.
name: Tantawy, Marwa
name: Alomar, Mohammed E.
name: Cornell, Robert F.
name: Garrett, Timothy J.
name: Rubinstein, Samuel M.
name: Baz, Rachid C.
name: Shain, Kenneth H.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2024

description: As a treatment for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM), carfilzomib has been associated with a significant risk of cardiovascular adverse events (CVAE). The goals of our study were to evaluate the metabolomic profile of MM patients to identify those at high risk prior to carfilzomib treatment and to explore the mechanisms of carfilzomib-CVAE to inform potential strategies to protect patients from this cardiotoxicity. Global metabolomic profiling was performed on the baseline and post-baseline plasma samples of 60 MM patients treated with carfilzomib-based therapy, including 31 who experienced CVAE, in a prospective cohort study. Baseline metabolites and post-baseline/baseline metabolite ratios that differ between the CVAE and no-CVAE patients were identified using unadjusted and adjusted methods. A baseline metabolomic risk score was created to stratify patients. We observed a lower abundance of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (T-UDCA) in CVAE patients at baseline (odds ratio [OR] = 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21-0.94, p = 0.044) compared with the no-CVAE patients. A metabolite risk score was able to stratify patients into three risk groups. The area under the receiver-operating curve of the model with clinical predictors and metabolite risk score was 0.93. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.31-0.87, p = 0.023) was significantly lower in post-baseline/baseline ratios of CVAE patients compared with no-CVAE patients. Following metabolomic analysis, we created a baseline metabolite risk score that can stratify MM patients into different risk groups. The result also provided intriguing clues about the mechanism of carfilzomib-CVAE and potential cardioprotective strategies.
Full counting statistics of multiple Andreev reflections
Creators: name: Cuevas, J. C.
name: Belzig, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the full distribution of transmitted particles through a superconducting point contact of arbitrary transparency under voltage bias. The charge transport is dominated by multiple Andreev reflections. The counting statistics is a multinomial distribution of processes, in which multiple charges ne (n=1,2,3,...) are transferred through the contact. For zero temperature we obtain analytical expressions for the probabilities of the multiple Andreev reflections. The current, shot noise and high current cumulants in a variety of situations can be obtained from our result.
description: revtex4, 5 pages, 3 figures
Multifractal concentrations of inertial particles in smooth random flows
Creators: name: Bec, Jeremie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collisionless suspensions of inertial particles (finite-size impurities) are studied in 2D and 3D spatially smooth flows. Tools borrowed from the study of random dynamical systems are used to identify and to characterise in full generality the mechanisms leading to the formation of strong inhomogeneities in the particle concentration. Phenomenological arguments are used to show that in 2D, heavy particles form dynamical fractal clusters when their Stokes number (non-dimensional viscous friction time) is below some critical value. Numerical simulations provide strong evidence for this threshold in both 2D and 3D and for particles not only heavier but also lighter than the carrier fluid. In 2D, light particles are found to cluster at discrete (time-dependent) positions and velocities in some range of the dynamical parameters (the Stokes number and the mass density ratio between fluid and particles). This regime is absent in 3D, where evidence is that the Hausdorff dimension of clusters in phase space (position-velocity) remains always above two. After relaxation of transients, the phase-space density of particles becomes a singular random measure with non-trivial multiscaling properties. Theoretical results about the projection of fractal sets are used to relate the distribution in phase space to the distribution of the particle positions. Multifractality in phase space implies also multiscaling of the spatial distribution of the mass of particles. Two-dimensional simulations, using simple random flows and heavy particles, allow the accurate determination of the scaling exponents: anomalous deviations from self-similar scaling are already observed for Stokes numbers as small as $10^{-4}$.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures
Observation of an unpaired photonic Dirac point
Creators: name: Liu, Gui-Geng
name: Zhou, Peiheng
name: Yang, Yihao
name: Xue, Haoran
name: Ren, Xin
name: Lin, Xiao
name: Sun, Hong-xiang
name: Bi, Lei
name: Chong, Yidong
name: Zhang, Baile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At photonic Dirac points, electromagnetic waves are governed by the same equations as two-component massless relativistic fermions. However, photonic Dirac points are known to occur in pairs in "photonic graphene" and other similar photonic crystals, which necessitates special precautions to excite only states near one of the Dirac points. Systems hosting unpaired photonic Dirac points are significantly harder to realize, as they require broken time-reversal symmetry. Here, we report on the first observation of an unpaired Dirac point in a planar two-dimensional photonic crystal. The structure incorporates gyromagnetic materials, which break time-reversal symmetry; the unpaired Dirac point occurs when a parity-breaking parameter is fine-tuned to a topological transition between a photonic Chern insulator and a conventional photonic insulator phase. Evidence for the unpaired Dirac point is provided by transmission and field-mapping experiments, including a demonstration of strongly non-reciprocal reflection. This photonic crystal is suitable for investigating the unique features of two-dimensional Dirac states, such as one-way Klein tunneling.
Alismatales
Creators: name: Peruzzi, Lorenzo
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Bartolucci, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Alismatales

description: Alismatales  Araceae
 Arum apulum (Carano) P.C.Boyce S Italian peninsula (PUG)
description: Published as part of Peruzzi, Lorenzo, Conti, Fabio & Bartolucci, Fabrizio, 2014, An inventory of vascular plants endemic to Italy, pp. 1-75 in Phytotaxa 168 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.168.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10089750
Meta-analysis of epigenetic aging in schizophrenia reveals multifaceted relationships with age, sex, illness duration, and polygenic risk
Creators: name: Ori, Anil P. S.
name: Mill, Jonathan
name: McQuillin, Andrew
name: Bass, Nick J.
name: St. Clair, David
name: Dempster, Emma
name: Ophoff, Roel A.
name: Kahn, Rene S.
name: Hannon, Eilis
name: Horvath, Steve
name: Olde Loohuis, Loes M.
name: Sullivan, Patrick F.
name: Guintivano, Jerry
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Background The study of biological age acceleration may help identify at-risk individuals and reduce the rising global burden of age-related diseases. Using DNA methylation (DNAm) clocks, we investigated biological aging in schizophrenia (SCZ), a mental illness that is associated with an increased prevalence of age-related disabilities and morbidities. In a whole blood DNAm sample of 1090 SCZ cases and 1206 controls across four European cohorts, we performed a meta-analysis of differential aging using three DNAm clocks (i.e., Hannum, Horvath, and Levine). To dissect how DNAm aging contributes to SCZ, we integrated information on duration of illness and SCZ polygenic risk, as well as stratified our analyses by chronological age and biological sex. Results We found that blood-based DNAm aging is significantly altered in SCZ independent from duration of the illness since onset. We observed sex-specific and nonlinear age effects that differed between clocks and point to possible distinct age windows of altered aging in SCZ. Most notably, intrinsic cellular age (Horvath clock) is decelerated in SCZ cases in young adulthood, while phenotypic age (Levine clock) is accelerated in later adulthood compared to controls. Accelerated phenotypic aging was most pronounced in women with SCZ carrying a high polygenic burden with an age acceleration of + 3.82 years (CI 2.02–5.61, P = 1.1E−03). Phenotypic aging and SCZ polygenic risk contributed additively to the illness and together explained up to 14.38% of the variance in disease status. Conclusions Our study contributes to the growing body of evidence of altered DNAm aging in SCZ and points to intrinsic age deceleration in younger adulthood and phenotypic age acceleration in later adulthood in SCZ. Since increased phenotypic age is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, our findings indicate that specific and identifiable patient groups are at increased mortality risk as measured by the Levine clock. Our study did not find that DNAm aging could be explained by the duration of illness of patients, but we did observe age- and sex-specific effects that warrant further investigation. Finally, our results show that combining genetic and epigenetic predictors can improve predictions of disease outcomes and may help with disease management in schizophrenia.
Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics in the New Millennium
Creators: name: Nagle, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field of relativistic heavy ion physics has seen significant advancement in the new millennium toward a greater understanding of QCD at high temperatures with the commissioning and operation of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Here we review progress in the field as presented in a set of lectures at the Lake Louise Winter Institute on Fundamental Interactions in February 2004.
description: 30 pages, 17 figures, Lake Louise Winter Institute on Fundamental Interactions 2004 conference proceedings
Transport coefficients in high temperature gauge theories: (II) Beyond leading log
Creators: name: Arnold, Peter
name: Moore, Guy D.
name: Yaffe, Laurence G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are presented of a full leading-order evaluation of the shear viscosity, flavor diffusion constants, and electrical conductivity in high temperature QCD and QED. The presence of Coulomb logarithms associated with gauge interactions imply that the leading-order results for transport coefficients may themselves be expanded in an infinite series in powers of 1/log(1/g); the utility of this expansion is also examined. A next-to-leading-log approximation is found to approximate the full leading-order result quite well as long as the Debye mass is less than the temperature.
description: 38 pages, 6 figures
Optimizing the light output of a plastic scintillator and SiPM based detector through optical characterization and simulation: A case study for POLAR-2
Creators: name: De Angelis, Nicolas
name: Cadoux, Franck
name: Husi, Coralie
name: Kole, Merlin
name: Mianowski, Sławomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The combination of plastic scintillators with Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) is widely used for detecting radiation in high-energy astrophysics, particle physics, neutrino physics, or medical physics. An example of application for this kind of detectors are Compton polarimeters such as POLAR-2 or LEAP, for which a low-Z material is needed for the Compton effect to be dominant down to as low energy as possible. Such detectors aim to measure low energy Compton depositions which produce small amounts of optical light, and for which optimizing the instrumental optical properties consequently imperative.
 The light collection efficiency of such a device was studied with a focus on the POLAR-2 GRB polarimeter, in which the conversion of incoming $γ$-rays into readable signal goes through the production and collection of optical light, which was to be optimized both through measurements and simulations. The optical elements of the POLAR-2 polarimeter prototype module were optically characterized and an optical simulation based on Geant4 was developed to fully model its optical performances. The results from simulations were used to optimize the design and finally to verify its performance. The study resulted in a detector capable of measuring energy depositions of several keV. In addition an important finding of this work is the impact of the plastic scintillator surface roughness on the light collection. It was found that a plastic scintillator with a higher scintillation efficiency but made of a softer material, hence with a rougher surface, was not necessarily the best option to optimize the light collection. Furthermore, in order to optimize the optical crosstalk between different channels, a production technique for very thin ($\sim$150$~μ$m) and reusable silicone-based optical coupling pads, which can be applied for other experiments, was developed.
description: 38 pages, 32 figures, submitted to JINST
Integrating Automated Play in Level Co-Creation
Creators: name: Hoyt, Andrew
name: Guzdial, Matthew
name: Kumar, Yalini
name: Smith, Gillian
name: Riedl, Mark O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In level co-creation an AI and human work together to create a video game level. One open challenge in level co-creation is how to empower human users to ensure particular qualities of the final level, such as challenge. There has been significant prior research into automated pathing and automated playtesting for video game levels, but not in how to incorporate these into tools. In this demonstration we present an improvement of the Morai Maker mixed-initiative level editor for Super Mario Bros. that includes automated pathing and challenge approximation features.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures, AIIDE Workshop on Experimental AI in Games