cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the mechanisms driving spontaneous cough in a preclinical model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Creators: name: Miles, Jonathan Hnery Alastair
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a terminal lung disease characterised by a progressive deposition of scar tissue within the lung interstitium. The disease is made more troubling for patients by being frequently accompanied by a chronic, sputumless cough, which has a severe impact on their quality of life. The pathophysiology behind cough in IPF remains poorly understood, and as such, it has proven refractory to treatment; the aim of this thesis was to elucidate the mechanisms behind this distressing symptom. We sought to model IPF-associated chronic cough using a bleomycin-driven model of fibrosis in guinea pigs. After having characterised the inflammatory and fibrotic features of this model, we discovered, in a preclinical first, that bleomycin-treated guinea pigs cough spontaneously, much like IPF patients. We believe that this model more closely recapitulates the cough seen in patients than other provoked cough challenge models. In search for the mediators that were driving cough within this preclinical model, we quantified the levels of different biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) that are reportedly elevated in the IPF lung: extracellular ATP, mast cell tryptase and 8-isoprostane (a biomarker for oxidative stress). We found evidence that all three of these were more highly present in the lungs of bleomycin-treated animals than the vehicle control group. Further to this, we measured these biomarkers in BALF donated by IPF patients at Royal Brompton Hospital and found that 8- isoprostane was significantly more concentrated in IPF BALF than in healthy volunteer BALF. We then utilised a variety of in vitro and in vivo techniques to further investigate how these lung milieus might elicit cough. After showing that H2O2, a reactive oxygen species, was capable of generating oxidative stress in guinea pig vagal ganglia, we further determined that it caused vagus nerve depolarisation through the ion channel TRPA1. We also discovered that activating the PAR2 receptor, a target of mast cell tryptase, also caused airway sensory nerve activation through the ion channel TRPV4; TRPV4 activation has previously been shown to cause cough via the extracellular release of ATP. Finally, we report on the efficacy of GSK2798745, a selective TRPV4 channel antagonist, that is capable of abrogating TRPV4-induced cough. In the near future, we intend to use a variety of pharmacological tools, including this one, in our novel in vivo model of fibrosis-induced spontaneous cough, with the end goal of finding an effective antitussive therapy for IPF patients.
Instance-wise or Class-wise? A Tale of Neighbor Shapley for Concept-based Explanation
Creators: name: Li, Jiahui
name: Kuang, Kun
name: Li, Lin
name: Chen, Long
name: Zhang, Songyang
name: Shao, Jian
name: Xiao, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance in many data-driven and prediction-oriented applications, and sometimes even perform better than humans. However, their most significant drawback is the lack of interpretability, which makes them less attractive in many real-world applications. When relating to the moral problem or the environmental factors that are uncertain such as crime judgment, financial analysis, and medical diagnosis, it is essential to mine the evidence for the model's prediction (interpret model knowledge) to convince humans. Thus, investigating how to interpret model knowledge is of paramount importance for both academic research and real applications.
Statins are associated with reduced use of steroids in inflammatory bowel disease: A retrospective cohort study*:
Creators: name: Schectman, Robin
name: Hansen, Richard A.
name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: Crockett, Seth D.
name: Kappelman, Michael D.
name: Darter, Jane
name: Stürmer, Til
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Statin medications have anti-inflammatory effects. We sought to determine whether statin use in persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was associated with reduced rates of steroid use or other markers of disease activity.
Time-Varying Coefficient Spatial Autoregressive Panel Data Model with Fixed Effects
Creators: name: Liang, Xuan
name: Gao, Jiti
name: Gong, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: This paper develops a time-varying coefficient spatial autoregressive panel data model with the individual fixed effects to capture the nonlinear effects of the regressors, which vary over the time. To effectively estimate the model, we propose a method that incorporates the nonparametric local linear method and the concentrated quasi-maximum likelihood estimation method to obtain consistent estimators for the spatial coefficient and the time-varying coefficient function. The asymptotic properties of these estimators are derived as well, showing the regular sqrt(NT)-rate of convergence for the parametric parameters and the common sqrt(NTh)-rate of convergence for the nonparametric component, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to illustrate the finite sample performance of our proposed method. Meanwhile, we apply our method to study the Chinese labor productivity to identify the spatial influences and the time-varying spillover effects among 185 Chinese cities with comparison to the results on a subregion East China.
Wnt2 inhibits enteric bacterial-induced inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells:
Creators: name: Zhang, Yong-guo
name: Liu, Xingyin
name: Sartor, Balfour R.
name: Sun, Jun
name: Lu, Rong
name: Xia, Yinglin
name: Wu, Shaoping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Wnt signaling plays an essential role in gastrointestinal epithelial proliferation. Most investigations have focused on developmental and immune responses. Bacterial infection can be chronic and increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated cancer. However, we lack studies on how bacteria regulate Wnt proteins and how Wnts modulate the host responses to enteric bacteria. This study investigated the effects of Salmonella and E. coli on Wnt2, one of the Wnt family members, in intestinal epithelia cells.
ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА ЛЕГКИХ
Creators: name: Абдуллоева, Феруза
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Проблема правильной и своевременной диагностики туберкулеза приобрела особую актуальность в наши дни в связи с продолжающейся эпидемией этой инфекции и существенными изменениями в ее клинических проявлениях[1,3,5]. И в наибольшей степени это касается туберкулеза легких (ТЛ), так как именно больные с данной локализацией процесса занимают главное место во всей цепочке передачи и распространения заболевания, продолжающего стоять на первом месте по значимости среди всей инфекционной патологии. В современных условиях, когда стали доступными высокоинформативные методы исследования, трудности диагностики ТЛ ничуть не уменьшились. Сейчас нельзя ориентироваться на представления недавнего прошлого, относящие к ошибкам диагностики туберкулеза только расхождение клинического и патоморфологического диагнозов. Серьезным упущением является позднее выявление ТЛ, когда процесс уже приобрел необратимую форму, а больной успел заразить многих из окружающих его лиц[2,5,7]. Роль подобной экзогенной инфекции в развитии туберкулеза у взрослых подчеркнули последние исследования, заставившие пересмотреть устоявшиеся представления о патогенезе туберкулеза[8,11].
Contemporary Fictional Representations of Anglican Clergy on British Public Service Television
Creators: name: Sherer, Wendy
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2020

description: Fictional clergy on British television have come a long way since the bumbling priests portrayed by the likes of Derreck Nimmo and Rowan Atkinson. Motivated by curiosity about both the impetus for and creative development of more recent programmes depicting Anglican vicars with depth and authenticity, this research presents three detailed production studies of television series appearing in the period of the mid 1990s and following. The programmes selected as case studies are The Vicar of Dibley (BBC One, 1994-2007); Rev. (BBC Two, 2010-14); and the Welsh drama Parch (S4C, 2015-18), each of which represents a significant progression in British entertainment media's depiction of Anglican clergy. The study is contextualised within a consideration of the Church of England’s evolving status within British society over the past century, as well as an accompanying summary of the Church in Wales and its distinct origins. It is also grounded in an exploration of the development of public service broadcasting, specifically as a medium charged with producing programmes to a high standard on a variety of subjects, including those dealing with religion. This research stands alone as a production study specifically focused on fictional priest portrayals created for British public service broadcasting. The resulting discussion connects depictions of clergy with the social and religious contexts in which they arise, illuminates the potential of well-produced entertainment to impact how the public perceive the plight of priests as real people, and emphasises the value of public media as disseminator of quality, socially relevant entertainment.
Chloride Channel ClC-2 is a Key Factor in the Development of DSS-induced Murine Colitis:
Creators: name: Nighot, Prashant
name: Blikslager, Anthony
name: Nighot, Meghali
name: Maharshak, Nitsan
name: Young, Karen
name: Sung, Eui J.
name: Rawat, Manmeet
name: Ma, Thomas
name: Plevy, Scott E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Previously, we have shown that the chloride channel ClC-2 modulates intestinal tight junction (TJ) barrier function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of ClC-2 in epithelial barrier function and recovery in the event of epithelial injury.
Elucidate Structure in Intermittent Demand Series
Creators: name: Kourentzes, Nikolaos
name: Athanasopoulos, George
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Intermittent demand forecasting has been widely researched in the context of spare parts management. However, it is becoming increasingly relevant to many other areas, such as retailing, where at the very disaggregate level time series may be highly intermittent, but at more aggregate levels are likely to exhibit trends and seasonal patterns. The vast majority of intermittent demand forecasting methods are inappropriate of producing forecasts with such features. We propose using temporal hierarchies to produce forecasts that demonstrate these traits at the various aggregation levels, effectively informing the resulting intermittent forecasts of these patterns that are identifiable only at higher levels. We conduct an empirical evaluation on real data and demonstrate statistically significant gains for both point and quantile forecasts.
Ciprofloxacin for the Prevention of Postoperative Recurrence in Patients with Crohnʼs Disease: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study
Creators: name: Isaacs, Kim L.
name: Sandborn, William J.
name: Galanko, Joseph A.
name: Walkup, Dolly
name: Loftus, Edward V.
name: Sands, Bruce E.
name: Herfarth, Hans H.
name: Martin, Christopher F.
name: Sartor, Ryan B.
name: Hanauer, Stephen B.
name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: Katz, Jeffry A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The commensal bacterial flora plays a critical role in postoperative recurrence of Crohn’s disease (CD). We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6 months pilot trial of ciprofloxacin for the prevention of endoscopic recurrence in patients with CD who underwent surgery.
Fundamental study of central crack mechanism and criterion in cross wedge rolling
Creators: name: Zhou, Xianyan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Cross wedge rolling (CWR), a novel metal forming process for manufacturing axisymmetric stepped shafts, is widely applied in transport industries. Central crack, the cavity formed in the product centre, is a critical problem, preventing its development in safety-critical industries. However, the understanding of the central crack mechanism is insufficient, and there is not yet a robust fracture criterion to predict its occurrence. This study aims to establish a fundamental understanding of the central crack mechanism and build a robust physically-based fracture criterion. An innovative CWR physical model with plasticine billets was built in house, which allowed the dies to be rapidly 3D printed and the workpiece with specific mechanical properties to be efficiently manufactured. The effects of the stress variables and initial material properties (ductility) on central cracking were investigated by varying the die geometries and billet material compositions, respectively. It is found that the maximum shear stress plays a dominant role in the central crack formation, and with the increase of the material ductility, the central crack transitions from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. A robust physically-based damage model set was proposed, along with a novel material constant calibration method. The reliability of the proposed model was validated quantitively by 60 groups of CWR tests with different materials and die geometries. The proposed calibration method will significantly benefit the industry due to the extremely simplified die geometries. To further understand the central crack mechanism in the practical industry, the microstructural characteristics (e.g., inclusion, grain size and phase composition) of two high-strength steel CWR billets (with/without high possibility to crack) were quantitatively analysed and compared. It is found that central cracking can be effectively avoided by controlling the inclusion content in the CWR billets.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON PATENTS OF TRANSDERMAL DRUG TECHNOLOGY
Creators: name: Rajat Singh Raghav
name: Sushma Verma
name: Monika
name: Ramish Maqsood
name: Malakapogu Ravindra Babu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Transdermal Drug Delivery System 2; Patent 3; TDDS 4; Patch 5; Treatment

description: Abstract 
In this article we have compiled the various patents which have been granted in the transdermal drug delivery system in the past ten years along with the recent innovations that have come up. A rigorous review of the 54 patents during the past 10 years was done and presented here in chronological order to show the journey of the dosage form in the last decade. Patents have been granted for various drugs like aripiprazole composition, buprenorphine, dexmedetomidine, pramipexole, diclofenac, rivastigmine and opioid antagonist. Some patents were also granted for some vaccines, controlled drug delivery, penetration enhancers and mTOR inhibitors. A brief introduction of the dosage form including history, types and methods/ technology used for the formulation of transdermal drug delivery system has also been provided. An overview of recent invention and future aspects of the TDDS has been included.
Terrain-Adaptive, ALIP-Based Bipedal Locomotion Controller via Model Predictive Control and Virtual Constraints
Creators: name: Gibson, Grant
name: Dosunmu-Ogunbi, Oluwami
name: Gong, Yukai
name: Grizzle, Jessy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a gait controller for bipedal robots to achieve highly agile walking over various terrains given local slope and friction cone information. Without these considerations, untimely impacts can cause a robot to trip and inadequate tangential reaction forces at the stance foot can cause slippages. We address these challenges by combining, in a novel manner, a model based on an Angular Momentum Linear Inverted Pendulum (ALIP) and a Model Predictive Control (MPC) foot placement planner that is executed by the method of virtual constraints. The process starts with abstracting from the full dynamics of a Cassie 3D bipedal robot, an exact low-dimensional representation of its center of mass dynamics, parameterized by angular momentum. Under a piecewise planar terrain assumption and the elimination of terms for the angular momentum about the robot's center of mass, the centroidal dynamics about the contact point become linear and have dimension four. Importantly, we include the intra-step dynamics at uniformly-spaced intervals in the MPC formulation so that realistic workspace constraints on the robot's evolution can be imposed from step-to-step. The output of the low-dimensional MPC controller is directly implemented on a high-dimensional Cassie robot through the method of virtual constraints. In experiments, we validate the performance of our control strategy for the robot on a variety of surfaces with varied inclinations and textures.
A new derivation of the Henon's isochrone potentials
Creators: name: Saa, Alberto
name: Venegeroles, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit in this note the Hénon's isochrone problem. By using the standard Abel inversion technique for one-dimensional motion, we recover in a simple way the Hénon's parabolae and get all isochrone central potentials under mild smoothness assumptions on the potential function. Our approach also allows us to conclude that isochronous radial periods with explicit energy dependence are necessarily Keplerian, i.e., $T^{2}\propto|E|^{-3}$, and that their corresponding orbits can be easily integrated by mapping them into the usual Kepler problem. It can also be employed to study some other inverse central-force problems and, in particular, it provides a proof of Bertrand's theorem.
description: 7 pages. Text revised, new figure, conclusions unchanged. Final version to appear in Can. J. Phys
Combined Serological, Genetic, and Inflammatory Markers Differentiate Non-IBD, Crohnʼs Disease, and Ulcerative Colitis Patients:
Creators: name: Chuang, Emil
name: Triggs, Cheryl
name: Stachelski, Jordan
name: Silverberg, Mark S.
name: Plevy, Scott
name: Stockfisch, Tom
name: Princen, Fred
name: Lockton, Steve
name: Singh, Sharat
name: Brown, Michelle
name: Croner, Lisa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Previous studies have demonstrated that serological markers can assist in diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we aim to build a diagnostic tool incorporating serological markers, genetic variants, and markers of inflammation into a computational algorithm to examine patterns of combinations of markers to (1) identify patients with IBD and (2) differentiate patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) from ulcerative colitis (UC).
Nonstandard $n$-distances based on certain geometric constructions
Creators: name: Kiss, Gergely
name: Marichal, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 39B72, Secondary 26D99

description: The concept of $n$-distance was recently introduced to generalize the classical definition of distance to functions of $n$ arguments. In this paper we investigate this concept through a number of examples based on certain geometrical constructions. In particular, our study shows to which extent the computation of the best constant associated with an $n$-distance may sometimes be difficult and tricky. It also reveals that two important graph theoretical concepts, namely the total length of the Euclidean Steiner tree and the total length of the minimal spanning tree constructed on $n$ points, are instances of $n$-distances.
Additional file 15 of Co-expression network analyses of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in Ruellia (Wild Petunias; Acanthaceae)
Creators: name: Zhuang, Yongbin
name: Manzitto-Tripp, Erin A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 15. Table S1. Results from attempted assembly of structural genes in the ABP in Ruellia. Genes that were assembled in either the leaf (L) or petal (P) tissue shown. Genes that failed to be assembled are shown via an "-". Genes terminated by a premature stop codon are shown via X. The presence of pelargonidins, cyanidins, and/or delphinidins shown via the first three columns.
Applications of the Perturbative Gradient Flow
Creators: name: Lange, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last decade the gradient flow formalism became an important tool for lattice simulations of Quantum Chromodynamics. It offers remarkable renormalization properties which pave the way for cross-fertilization between perturbative and lattice calculations. In this contribution we discuss the perturbative approach. As first application we compute vacuum expectation values of flowed operators which could help to extract parameters like the strong coupling constant from lattice simulations. Afterwards, we apply the flowed operator product expansion to the time-ordered product of two currents which could be employed for an alternative first-principle evaluation of vacuum polarization functions on the lattice.
description: 7+6 pages, 2 figures, contribution to the Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections (RADCOR) and the XIX Workshop on Radiative Corrections for the LHC and Future Colliders (LoopFest), submission to SciPost
Stochastic processes for graphs, extreme values and their causality: inference, asymptotic theory and applications
Creators: name: Courgeau, Valentin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: This thesis provides some theoretical and practical statistical inference tools for multivariate stochastic processes to better understand the behaviours and properties present in the data. In particular, we focus on the modelling of graphs, that is a family of nodes linked together by a collection of edges, and extreme values, that are values above a high threshold to have their own dynamics compared to the typical behaviour of the process. We develop an ensemble of statistical models, statistical inference methods and their asymptotic study to ensure the good behaviour of estimation schemes in a wide variety of settings. We also devote a chapter to the formulation of a methodology based on pre-existing theory to unveil the causal dependency structure behind high-impact events.
Early Life Stress Triggers Persistent Colonic Barrier Dysfunction and Exacerbates Colitis in Adult IL-10−/− Mice:
Creators: name: Lennon, E. M.
name: Moeser, Adam J.
name: Elloumi, H.
name: Maharshak, Nitsan
name: Borst, L.
name: Plevy, S. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: It has become increasingly evident that disease flares in the human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are influenced by life stress. It is known that life stress can trigger disturbances in intestinal barrier function and activate proinflammatory signaling pathways, which are important contributors to intestinal inflammation and clinical disease; however, the exact mechanisms of stress-induced IBD exacerbations remain to be elucidated. Here we present a model of early life stress-induced exacerbation of colitis in IL-10-/- mice.
Epithelial Cell-Specific MyD88 Signaling Mediates Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Intestinal Injury Independent of Microbial Status:
Creators: name: Jobin, Christian
name: Perez-Chanona, Ernesto
name: Mühlbauer, Marcus
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The Toll-like receptor/MyD88 signaling pathway has been shown to mediate protective functions during intestinal exposure to various noxious events. The goal of this study was to define the role of bacteria and MyD88 signaling in intestinal response to damage using an ischemia–reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury model. We showed that conventionalized mice displayed a better outcome to I/R-induced injury than germ-free mice (3.8 ± 1.98 vs. 11.8 ± 1.83, P < 0.05). However, mice with intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific deletion of Myd88 (Myd88IEC−/−) were protected from I/R-induced injury compared with Myd88f/f control mice. Myd88IEC−/− mice also displayed a significantly reduced bacterial translocation (~85%) into lymph nodes compared with Myd88f/f mice. Expression of ccl2 and cxcl1 mRNA was significantly reduced (85% and 62%, respectively) in intestinal tissue of Myd88IEC−/− mice compared with Myd88f/f mice, which associated with a reduced number of myeloperoxidase-positive cells in intestinal tissues of I/R-exposed Myd88IEC−/− mice. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a reduced IgA deposition and complement staining in ischemic tissue of Myd88IEC−/− mice compared with Myd88f/f mice. These findings suggest that I/R-induced intestinal injury involves IEC-derived MyD88 signaling leading to increased IgA deposition/degradation, and complement activation in conjunction with an influx of neutrophils mediated by chemokine production.
Additional file 16 of Co-expression network analyses of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in Ruellia (Wild Petunias; Acanthaceae)
Creators: name: Zhuang, Yongbin
name: Manzitto-Tripp, Erin A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 16. Table S2. Custom primers used in the qRT-PCR analysis.
Time-Varying Income Elasticities of Healthcare Expenditure for the OECD and Eurozone
Creators: name: Casas, Isabel
name: Gao, Jiti
name: Peng, Bin
name: Xie, Shangyu
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Income elasticity dynamics of health expenditure is considered for the OECD and Eurozone over the period 1995-2014. Motivated by some modelling challenges, this paper studies a class of non-linear cointegration panel data models, controlling for cross-section dependence and certain endogeneity. Using the corresponding methods, our empirical analyses show a slight increase in the income elasticity of the healthcare expenditure over the years, but still with values under 1, meaning that healthcare is not a luxury good in the OECD and Eurozone.
title: S. Rondinara (a cura di), “L’intelligibilità del Reale. Natura, Uomo, Macchina”, Città Nuova Editrice, Roma 2013
Creators: name: Rossanese , Emanuele
Publisher: name: Roma Tre-Press
Year: 2013

description: B@belonline vol. 14/15 Filosofia e pratiche filosofiche
An Empirical Study of Blockchain System Vulnerabilities: Modules, Types, and Patterns
Creators: name: Yi, Xiao
name: Wu, Daoyuan
name: Jiang, Lingxiao
name: Fang, Yuzhou
name: Zhang, Kehuan
name: Zhang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blockchain, as a distributed ledger technology, becomes increasingly popular, especially for enabling valuable cryptocurrencies and smart contracts. However, the blockchain software systems inevitably have many bugs. Although bugs in smart contracts have been extensively investigated, security bugs of the underlying blockchain systems are much less explored. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study on blockchain's system vulnerabilities from four representative blockchains, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Monero, and Stellar. Specifically, we first design a systematic filtering process to effectively identify 1,037 vulnerabilities and their 2,317 patches from 34,245 issues/PRs (pull requests) and 85,164 commits on GitHub. We thus build the first blockchain vulnerability dataset. We then perform unique analyses of this dataset at three levels, including (i) file-level vulnerable module categorization by identifying and correlating module paths across projects, (ii) text-level vulnerability type clustering by natural language processing and similarity-based sentence clustering, and (iii) code-level vulnerability pattern analysis by generating and clustering code change signatures that capture both syntactic and semantic information of patch code fragments. Our analyses reveal three key findings: (i) some blockchain modules are more susceptible than the others; notably, each of the modules related to consensus, wallet, and networking has over 200 issues; (ii) about 70% of blockchain vulnerabilities are of traditional types, but we also identify four new types specific to blockchains; and (iii) we obtain 21 blockchain-specific vulnerability patterns that capture unique blockchain attributes and statuses, and demonstrate that they can be used to detect similar vulnerabilities in other popular blockchains, such as Dogecoin, Bitcoin SV, and Zcash.
description: The paper was accepted by ACM FSE 2022
The electroweak Hamiltonian in the gradient flow formalism
Creators: name: Harlander, Robert
name: Lange, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last decade the gradient flow formalism has become an important tool for lattice simulations of Quantum Chromodynamics. It offers remarkable renormalization properties which pave the way for cross-fertilization between perturbative and lattice calculations. In this contribution we report on the construction of the flowed operator product expansion for the current-current operators of the electroweak Hamiltonian at NNLO QCD. This allows for simpler transformations between lattice and perturbative schemes and might reduce the uncertainties of theoretical predictions for low-energy flavor observables.
description: 6 pages, contribution to the Proceedings of the European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics 2021 (EPS-HEP2021), submitted to PoS
ПНЕВМОНИИ И ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗ В ФОРМЕ ИНФЕКЦИОННОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ
Creators: name: Абдуллоева, Феруза
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Проблема правильной и своевременной диагностики туберкулеза приобрела особую актуальность в наши дни в связи с продолжающейся эпидемией этой инфекции и существенными изменениями в ее клинических проявлениях[1,3,5]. Патология дыхательных путей занимают одно из ведущих мест в структуре болезней пациентов инфекционного стационара.
Auxiliary Material on the Simulation of EFT Signal Samples With the Amplitude Decomposition Approach
Creators: name: Todt, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This document presents auxiliary material for the study and validation of the amplitude decomposition approach available in the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO event generation programme [1]. It is employed for the simulation of dimension-eight Effective Field Theory (EFT) effects of the electroweak sector in the W±W±jj final state based on the model in Ref. [2, 3]. The amplitude decomposition approach allows to generate the individual terms of the EFT extension of the Standard Model (SM).
Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, and Natural History of Pediatric IBD in Wisconsin: a Population-based Epidemiological Study
Creators: name: Adamiak, Tonya
name: Simpson, Pippa
name: Stephens, Michael
name: Fish, Daryl
name: Heikenen, Janice
name: Faubion, William
name: Khan, Khalid
name: Walkiewicz-Jedrzejczak, Dorota
name: Nebel, Justin
name: Brown, Christopher
name: Noel, Richard
name: Wiedkamp, Marcy
name: Nugent, Melodee
name: Kugathasan, Subra
name: Park, Roger
name: Yaffee, Michael
name: Tung, Jeanne
name: Rivera-Bennett, Maria T.
name: Kappelman, Michael D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Epidemiological studies of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are needed to generate etiological hypotheses and inform public policy; yet, rigorous population-based studies of the incidence and natural history of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in the United States are limited.
Fast Forecast Reconciliation Using Linear Models
Creators: name: Ashouri, Mahsa
name: Hyndman, Rob J
name: Shmueli, Galit
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Forecasting hierarchical or grouped time series usually involves two steps: computing base forecasts and reconciling the forecasts. Base forecasts can be computed by popular time series forecasting methods such as Exponential Smoothing (ETS) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models. The reconciliation step is a linear process that adjusts the base forecasts to ensure they are coherent. However using ETS or ARIMA for base forecasts can be computationally challenging when there are a large number of series to forecast, as each model must be numerically optimized for each series. We propose a linear model that avoids this computational problem and handles the forecasting and reconciliation in a single step. The proposed method is very flexible in incorporating external data, handling missing values and model selection. We illustrate our approach using two datasets: monthly Australian domestic tourism and daily Wikipedia pageviews. We compare our approach to reconciliation using ETS and ARIMA, and show that our approach is much faster while providing similar levels of forecast accuracy.
The Body Politics of Data
Creators: name: Jonsson, Alexandra
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2020

description: The PhD project The Body Politics of Data is an artistic, practice-based study exploring how feminist methodologies can create new ways to conceptualise digital embodiment within the field of art and technology. As a field of practice highly influenced by scientific and technical methodologies, the discursive and artistic tools for examining data as a social concern are limited. The research draws on performance art from the 60s, cyberfeminist practice, Object Oriented Feminism and intersectional perspectives on data to conceive of new models of practice that can account for the body political operations of extractive big data technologies and Artificial Intelligence. The research is created through a body of individual and collective experimental artistic projects featured in the solo exhibition The Body Politics of Data at London Gallery West (2020). It includes work on maternity data and predictive products in relation to reproductive health in the UK, created in collaboration with Loes Bogers (2016-2017), workshops on “bodily bureaucracies” with Autonomous Tech Fetish (2013-2016) and Accumulative Care, a feminist model of care for labouring in the age of extractive digital technologies. This research offers an embodied feminist methodology for artistic practice to become investigative of how processes of digitalisation have adverse individual and collective effects in order to identify and resist the forms of personal and collective risk emerging with data driven technologies.
Increased Risk of Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia Among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease:
Creators: name: Farraye, Francis A.
name: Okafor, Philip N.
name: Martin, Christopher
name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: Long, Millie D.
name: Kappelman, Michael D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at increased risk for pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP). Our aims were 1) to determine the incidence and relative risk of PCP in IBD and 2) to describe medication exposures in IBD patients with PCP.
Brillouin cavity optomechanics: Single-quantum-level operations towards quantum memory applications
Creators: name: Price, John
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Cavity-enhanced Brillouin scattering interactions with gigahertz-frequency acoustic phonons offer a promising pathway towards the quantum coherent control of mechanical oscillators. In this thesis, I experimentally investigate single-quantum-level operations applied to thermal me- chanical oscillators by combining optical measurement techniques with Brillouin interactions in crystalline whispering-gallery-mode microresonator devices. These operations are explored for applications in quantum state engineering and optical quantum memories. Generating and characterising non-classical states of mechanical motion currently represents a key challenge in quantum cavity optomechanics, and the realisation of a quantum memory would enable the development of many quantum technologies. The advances reported here contribute to both of these active areas of research. In a series of three experiments, single- and multi-phonon addition and subtraction opera- tions applied to thermal mechanical states are explored. I present the first experimental inves- tigation of single-phonon addition and subtraction operations using a joint click-dyne detection scheme, where the effect of such operations are verified by observing a characteristic doubling of the mean occupation of the state. These techniques are then extended to multi-phonon subtraction. Here, the 𝑠-parameterised Wigner function of the resulting non-Gaussian states are determined, advancing the state-of-the-art for optics-based mechanical state tomography. Finally, an interferometric detection scheme is employed that implements a superposition of phonon subtractions in two time bins, and the phase coherence between these two operations is demonstrated and studied. In this thesis, I also theoretically investigate the prospects of an optical quantum memory based on Brillouin cavity optomechanics. Using realistic parameters, I show that efficient storage and retrieval of single photons is feasible, and I identify two key applications: temporal multiplexing and temporal mode manipulation. The deleterious effect of thermal noise in such optomechanical quantum light storage is also considered. To conclude, an outlook towards some near-term and long-term experimental goals that can build upon on the achievements reported is presented.
User Activity Detection for Irregular Repetition Slotted Aloha based MMTC
Creators: name: Srivatsa, Chirag Ramesh
name: Murthy, Chandra R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Irregular repetition slotted aloha (IRSA) is a grant-free random access protocol for massive machine-type communications, where a large number of users sporadically send their data packets to a base station (BS). IRSA is a completely distributed multiple access protocol: in any given frame, a small subset of the users, i.e., the active users, transmit replicas of their packet in randomly selected resource elements (REs). The first step in the decoding process at the BS is to detect which users are active in each frame. To this end, a novel Bayesian user activity detection (UAD) algorithm is developed, which exploits both the sparsity in user activity as well as the underlying structure of IRSA-based transmissions. Next, the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) on the mean squared error in channel estimation is derived. It is empirically shown that the channel estimates obtained as a by-product of the proposed UAD algorithm achieves the CRB. Then, the signal to interference plus noise ratio achieved by the users is analyzed, accounting for UAD, channel estimation errors, and pilot contamination. The impact of these non-idealities on the throughput of IRSA is illustrated via Monte Carlo simulations. For example, in a system with 1500 users and 10% of the users being active per frame, a pilot length of as low as 20 symbols is sufficient for accurate user activity detection. In contrast, using classical compressed sensing approaches for UAD would require a pilot length of about 346 symbols. The results also reveal crucial insights into dependence of UAD errors and throughput on parameters such as the length of the pilot sequence, the number of antennas at the BS, the number of users, and the signal to noise ratio.
description: Accepted at IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, June 2022
Instrumental Variable Estimation of Dynamic Linear Panel Data Models with Defactored Regressors and a Multifactor Error Structure
Creators: name: Norkute, Milda
name: Sarafidis, Vasilis
name: Yamagata, Takashi
name: Cui, Guowei
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: This paper develops two instrumental variable (IV) estimators for dynamic panel data models with exogenous covariates and a multifactor error structure when both crosssectional and time series dimensions, N and T respectively, are large. The main idea is to project out the common factors from the exogenous covariates of the model, and construct instruments based on defactored covariates. For models with homogeneous slope coefficients, we propose a two-step IV estimator: in the first step, the model is estimated consistently by employing defactored covariates as instruments. In the second step, the entire model is defactored based on estimated factors extracted from the residuals of the first step estimation; subsequently, an IV regression is implemented using the same instruments as in step one. For models with heterogeneous slope coefficients, we propose a mean-group type estimator, which involves averaging of first-step IV estimates of cross-section specific slopes. The proposed estimators do not need to seek for instrumental variables outside the model. Furthermore, these estimators are linear, therebycomputationally robust and inexpensive. Notably, they require no bias correction. Thefinite sample performances of the proposed estimators and associated statistical tests areinvestigated, and the results show that the estimators and the tests perform well even forsmall N and T.
Axion-fermion Coupling and Dyon Charge as Physical Signatures of a Space-time Inner Symmetry
Creators: name: Kuerten, André Martorano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we intend to complement the identification given in Kuerten & Fernandes-Silva [1] (Mod. Phys. Lett. A. Vol. 33, No. 16) which relates the axion to a metric spinor phase by means of Maxwell's theory in the Infeld-van der Waerden's γ-formalism. Thus, we obtain two alternative identifications: the first focuses on Dirac's theory so that when obtaining an axion-like phase-fermion coupling, we achieve the first identification, and the last one investigates the phase behavior under Peccei-Quinn rotations in order to show that the phase changes as an axion pseudoparticle. With the formal aspects established, we also study the semiclassical fermion-photon system to demonstrate that the magnetic monopole current defined in [1] has dyon charge in flat universe and acquires a Witten effect form when there is a demand for chiral symmetry.
description: 13 pages
Patient Perception of Chronic Illness Care in a Large Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort:
Creators: name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: Martin, Christopher F.
name: Long, Millie D.
name: Anton, Kristen
name: Randell, Rachel L.
name: Kappelman, Michael D.
name: Chen, Wenli
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Improvements in care for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) could utilize the Chronic Care Model (CCM), an evidence-based approach that has improved patient outcomes and reduced costs in other illnesses. Specific aims include: (1) To explore patient perception of chronic illness care in a large IBD cohort, (2) To determine whether demographic factors, medication adherence, quality of life, disease type and activity were associated with perception of chronic illness care.
title: La saupe
Creators: name: Garaoun, Massinissa
Publisher: name: Pangloss
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Linguistique
subject: Tasahlit

description: Précisions dialectales : il s'agit du parler des Aït Segoual (appelé dans la langue tasegwalit) appartenant à la fraction des Aït Ayyad. Ce parler est classé parmi les variétés de la tasahlit orientale
description: Pêche et préparation de la saupe (espèce de poisson) chez les Aït Segoual
Additional file 1 of Composition of the ileum microbiota is a mediator between the host genome and phosphorus utilization and other efficiency traits in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Creators: name: Haas, Valentin
name: Vollmar, Solveig
name: Preuß, Siegfried
name: Rodehutscord, Markus
name: Camarinha-Silva, Amélia
name: Bennewitz, Jörn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Genetic correlations $$r_{g}$$ r g , phenotypic correlations $$r_{p}$$ r p and regression coefficients $$\lambda_{PU, Genus}$$ λ P U , G e n u s . Correlations and regression coefficients between PU and Genus with significant heritability (p ≤ 0.05) The standard errors (SE) presented in parantheses and $$\lambda_{PU, Genus}$$ λ P U , G e n u s in units $$\sigma_{p}$$ σ p . 1P utilization—Genus with significant heritability (p ≤ 0.05).