Cidariplura bilineata
Creators: name: Wu, Shipher
name: Owada, Mamoru
name: Shiao, Shiuh-Feng
name: Yen, Shen-Horn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Cidariplura
Cidariplura bilineata

description: Cidariplura bilineata (Wileman & South, 1919)
(Figs 21, 22, 25, 26, 49, 50, 57, 70, 84)
Mastigophorus bilineata Wileman & South, 1919, Entomologist, 52: 267.
Elyra bilineata: Poole, 1989: 356.
Cidariplura bilineata: Owada, 1992: 185, fig. 19; Owada, 2011: 223, pl. 2-043-31-33.
Cidariplura bilineata: Wang, 1994: 396; Zhang & Han, 2009: 27, incorrect year of publication given (as 1915).
Mastigophorus brevivittalis: Wileman, 1911: 254, nec Moore, 1867.
Cidaiplura brevivittalis: Warren, 1913: 415; Inoue & Sugi, 1958: 606; Ogata, 1958: 191, pl. 118, fig. 2480; Sugi, 1959: 156, pl. 105, fig. 23; Yamamoto, 1965: 162, pl. 154, fig. 173; Owada, 1982: 1: 919, 2: 406, pl. 224, figs. 42, 43; Owada, 1987: 43; Chen, 1999: 1297, pl. 27-18, fig. 685; Holloway, 2008: 58, nec Moore, 1867.
Specimens examined: Type material. Lectotype. Male, Formosa [= Taiwan], Arizan [= Alishan], 7300 ft., 20- VIII-1908, leg. A. E. Wileman (Figs 21-22)(coll. BMNH, see Owada, 1994); paralectotypes, 1 male 2 females, same collecting data as lectotype (coll. BMNH, see Owada, 1994). Additional material examined. TAIWAN. 3 males, Hualien County, Ci’en, 1950 m, 28- VI-2011, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang; 1 male, same collecting locality, 18-VII-2011, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang; 1 male, Ilan County, Fushan Botanical Garden, 23-X-1990, Y. B. Fan, slide TFRI00010159; 1 male, same collecting locality, 6-VIII-2002, leg. S. S. Lu; 1 male 1 female, sam collecting locality, 12-XI-2010, leg. S. Wu; 1 male 1female, same collecting locality, 13- VII-2011, leg. S. Wu; 1 male, Ilan County, Mingchih, Tianwan, 1050 m, 24-X-2011, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang; 2 males, same collecting locality, 23-V-2012, leg. S. Wu; 2 males 2 females, same collecting locality, 14-XI-2012, leg. S. Wu; 1 Nantou County, Tatajia, 2610 m, 6-VII-2011, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang; 1 Nantou County, Lianhuachih, 600 m, 8-VI-2010, leg. C. C. Kuo (coll. TFRI); 1 male, Hualien, Tayuling, 2560 m, 8-VII-2012, leg. C. M. Fu (coll. CCMF); 1 male, Jinma Tunnel, 2450 m, 24-VIII-2009, leg. L. C. Shih (coll. ESRI); 1 male, Taihoku [= Taipei], VII-1941, leg. T. Okada (coll. T. Okada in NSMT); 1 male, Ilan County, Fushan Botanical Garden, 700 m, 3-XII-2010, leg. M. Owada; 2 females, Taoyuan County, Lalashan, VI-1968; 1 male, Hualien County, Pilu-Shenmu, 2,000 m; 16-VII-2012, leg. M. Owada & L. C. Shih; 1 male, Chiayi County, Fenchihu, 23-VI-1968, leg. M. Tomokuni (coll. NSMT).
Diagnosis. This species is very similar to C. brevivittalis (Figs 17–20, 23, 24, 47, 48, 58, 71, 83) inn external appearance, but differs from the latter in having the more distinct white hindwing medial line. In the male genitalia, C. bilineata can easily be distinguished from C. brevivittalis by the valval trifurcate structures being strongly prominent, the distal portion of valva rectangular with a saccular process being elongate; and the broader corpus bursae. Owada (1994) erroneously stated that the male antennal structures differ in both species, i.e.
bipectinate in bilineata and ciliate in brevivittalis. This distinction is inappropriate since the antennae of both species are ciliate with a pair of long bristles (length 3 X diameter of shaft in the median region) in each segment.
Description. Owada (1987: 43–44) gave a detailed description of this species under a misidentified name C. brevivittalis based on Japanese specimen.
Distribution and bionomics. This species was mentioned to occur in Taiwan, Japan, Korea and China (Owada, 2011). The distribution of this species in China need to be revised due to the possible confusions with C. ochreistigma (Leech, 1900), S. China; 67. C. ilana Wu & Owada sp. nov., Taiwan. Bar scale= 1 mm. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (57, 59, 60, 62–64), NSMT (58, 61, 65, 66), NMNS (67). Photo by Shipher Wu.
C. brevivittalis. The Taiwanese populations of C. bilineata lives in low to mid-elevations of primary broadleaved forests. The adults occur from June to August, then October and December, possibly bivoltine. It is known that the larvae feed on mosses in Japan (Yamamoto 1965; misidentified as C. brevivittalis).
Taxonomic notes. The known distribution of C. bilineata (TL: Alishan, Taiwan) and C. brevivittalis (TL: Darjiling, N. E. India) needs to be revised due to possible misidentifications. From our examination of the specimens available, we found that C. bilineata occurs in Taiwan, Japan and Korea, whereas C. brevivittalis occurs in N. India and Nepal (first recorded in the present study: 1 male and 1 female, E. Nepal, Kosi, Pheksinda, 780 m, 6-13-V-1994, leg. M. S. Limbu, ex. H. Yoshimoto coll., coll. NSMT, Figs 23,24, respectively). Although the taxon Elyra albifascia (TL: Khasis, N. E. India, female) was regarded as the junior synonym of bilineata by Owada (1994), it should be treated as the junior synonym of C. brevivittalis (syn. nov.) considering the type localities. Chen (1999) included Guangxi (S. China) and Tibet (S. W. China) in the distribution of his “ C. brevivittalis ”; however, the illustrated male genitalia (p. 1298, fig. 685) turned out to be those of C. bilineata.
Cidariplura ilana Wu & Owada sp. nov. (Figs 33, 34, 55, 56, 67, 76, 87)
Type material: Holotype. Male, TAIWAN, Ilan County, Tatung, 100 Forest 15 km, 11-12-V- 2010, leg. W. T. Yang & Y. L. Chen, slide NMNS ENT6399-109 (Fig. 33, 55, 56, 76, 87)(coll.
NMNS). Paratypes. TAIWAN. 1 female, same collecting data as holotype, slide NMNS ENT6399-110 (Fig. 34, 67)(coll. NMNS); 1 male, Ilan County, Fushan Botanical Garden, 750 m, 17-V-1991, leg. Y.
B. Fan, slide, TFRI0010166; 1 female, same collecting locality, 30-V-1995, J. J. Hsiao; 1 female, same collecting locality, 6-V-2003, leg. S. S. Lu (coll. TFRI).
Diagnosis. This new species can be distinguished from C. ochreistigma by the orbicular and reniform stigmata being dark brown rather than ochreous; by the saccular process being stouter, shorter rather than elongated and slender; and by the aedeagus being shorter rather than slender and longer.
Description. Measures. Wingspan 36–37 mm in males (n= 3); 35–36 mm in females (n= 3). Eye large; antenna ciliate, male with a pair of long bristles on each segment, length of bristle 4 X diameter of shaft in median region. Head, all segments of thorax as well as femur, tibia and 1st tarsal segment chocolate brown. Male labial palpus (Fig. 76) specialized as follows: 1st segment very long, upcurved along frons, surpassing vertex, smoothly covered with ordinarary scales; 2nd segment bent at a right angle from the 1st, slender, slightly curved, as long as 1st, reaching the medial part of thorax, internally with specialized ochreous scales which are elongated and enlarged at their apices; 3rd long and stout, nearly 0.75 X shorter than 2nd, internally with long ochreous scales which are slender and almost twice as long as those in the 2nd. Labial palpus in female normal, sickle-shaped. Legs normal, male foretibial with presence of a spine at the apex (Fig. 87). Forewing broad, slightly excurved, apex near right-angled; ground coloration brown; antemedial and postmedial line ochreous, excurved at nearly vein Cu 1+2A and M1, respectively; orbicular and reniform stigmas black the former round, small, the latter moderate size, lunate- shaped; marginal part dark brown; marginal scales brown. Hindwing brown; discal spot short, transverse, dark brown; medial line straight, ochreous; marginal part covered with small black stigma in each cell; marginal scales brown. Abdomen brown, 8th segment unmodified. Male genitalia (Figs 55, 56)- Uncus broad, stout. Tegumen and vinculum long, same in length; saccus V-shaped. Valva trifurcate, costal process stout with lateral semi-circular expansion, distal portion of valva broad, membranous, saccular process small, short, digit-like without hair tufts on apex. Juxta long plate-like, transtilla indistinct. Aedeagus stout, straight, 0.67 X shorter than valva; vesica well scobinated, without cornutus. Female genitalia (Fig. 67)- Ovipositor lobe membranous with short hair-like setae; both pairs of apophyses slender, moderate length; ductus bursae long, with a pair of broad lateral sclerites fused at basal portion. Corpus bursae elliptic, as long as ductus bursae, basal half part wrinkled; ductus seminalis arising from lateral side of corpus bursae, slightly broadened and coiled at basal portion.
Etymology. The species is named after the collecting locality of type series, Ilan County, northern eastern Taiwan.
Distribution and bionomics. This new species, endemic in Taiwan, occurs in low to mid- elevations of northern Taiwan. The adults occur only in May based on collecting records, possibly univoltine.
Taxonomic notes. This new species is superficially similar to C. nigristigmata (Leech, 1900) (Figs 32, 51, 52, 65, 74, 89) in S. China in having the forewing reniform stigma dark brown and V-shaped. The genital structures of this new species actually shows its closest relationship with C. ochreistigma (Leech, 1900) (Figs 31, 53, 54, 66, 75, 88) in S. China rather than C. nigristigmata, which is close to C. hani Chen, 1992 and C. subhani Zhang & Han, 2009 in Xizhang (= Tibet), W. China, in the genital structures. C. ilana and C. ochreistigma form a separate lineage in Cidariplura based on three particular character states of the male genitalia: the costal process heavily sclerotized and broader with a ventral semi-circular expansion; the saccular process digit-like without hair tufts; and a pair of broad lateral sclerites of ductus bursae fused at the basal portion.
description: Published as part of Wu, Shipher, Owada, Mamoru, Shiao, Shiuh-Feng & Yen, Shen-Horn, 2013, Review of the genus Cidariplura Butler, 1879 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae) in Taiwan with descriptions of four new species, pp. 143-160 in Zootaxa 3746 (1) on pages 154-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/247895