cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quasi-Real Time Multi-Frequency 3D Shear Wave Absolute Vibro-Elastography (S-WAVE) System for Prostate
Creators: name: Aleef, Tajwar Abrar
name: Lobo, Julio
name: Baghani, Ali
name: Eskandari, Hani
name: Moradi, Hamid
name: Rohling, Robert
name: Goldenberg, S. Larry
name: Morris, William James
name: Mahdavi, S. Sara
name: Salcudean, Septimiu E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This article describes a novel quasi-real time system for quantitative and volumetric measurement of tissue elasticity in the prostate. Tissue elasticity is computed by using a local frequency estimator to measure the three dimensional local wavelengths of a steady-state shear wave within the prostate gland. The shear wave is created using a mechanical voice coil shaker which transmits multi-frequency vibrations transperineally. Radio frequency data is streamed directly from a BK Medical 8848 trans-rectal ultrasound transducer to an external computer where tissue displacement due to the excitation is measured using a speckle tracking algorithm. Bandpass sampling is used that eliminates the need for an ultra fast frame rate to track the tissue motion and allows for accurate reconstruction at a sampling frequency that is below the Nyquist rate. A roll motor with computer control is used to rotate the sagittal array of the transducer and obtain the 3D data. Two CIRS phantoms were used to validate both the accuracy of the elasticity measurement as well as the functional feasibility of using the system for in vivo prostate imaging. The system has been used in two separate clinical studies as a method for cancer identification. The results, presented here, show numerical and visual correlations between our stiffness measurements and cancer likelihood as determined from pathology results. Initial published results using this system include an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82+/-0.01 with regards to prostate cancer identification in the peripheral zone.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging (2023)
Lifshitz holography with a probe Yang-Mills field
Creators: name: Schaposnik, Fidel A.
name: Tallarita, Gianni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Taking as a probe an SU(2) gauge field with Yang-Mills action in a 3+1 dimensional Lifshitz black hole background, we use the gauge/gravity correspondence to discuss finite temperature effects in the dual theory defined on the boundary. In order to test the dependence of results on the anisotropic scaling exponent z we consider two analytical black hole solutions with z=2 and z=4. Apart from solving the equations of motion in the bulk using a numerical approach, we also apply an analytical approximation allowing the determination of the phase transition character, the critical exponent and the critical temperature behavior as a function of z.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Accelerated molecular dynamics force evaluation on graphics processing units for thermal conductivity calculations
Creators: name: Fan, Zheyong
name: Siro, Topi
name: Harju, Ari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we develop a highly efficient molecular dynamics code fully implemented on graphics processing units for thermal conductivity calculations using the Green-Kubo formula. We compare two different schemes for force evaluation, a previously used thread-scheme where a single thread is used for one particle and each thread calculates the total force for the corresponding particle, and a new block-scheme where a whole block is used for one particle and each thread in the block calculates one or several pair forces between the particle associated with the given block and its neighbor particle(s) associated with the given thread. For both schemes, two different classical potentials, namely, the Lennard-Jones potential and the rigid-ion potential are implemented. While the thread-scheme performs a little better for relatively large systems, the block-scheme performs much better for relatively small systems. The relative performance of the block-scheme over the thread-scheme also increases with the increasing of the cutoff radius. We validate the implementation by calculating lattice thermal conductivities of solid argon and lead telluride.
Authorship Identification in Bengali Literature: a Comparative Analysis
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Tanmoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stylometry is the study of the unique linguistic styles and writing behaviors of individuals. It belongs to the core task of text categorization like authorship identification, plagiarism detection etc. Though reasonable number of studies have been conducted in English language, no major work has been done so far in Bengali. In this work, We will present a demonstration of authorship identification of the documents written in Bengali. We adopt a set of fine-grained stylistic features for the analysis of the text and use them to develop two different models: statistical similarity model consisting of three measures and their combination, and machine learning model with Decision Tree, Neural Network and SVM. Experimental results show that SVM outperforms other state-of-the-art methods after 10-fold cross validations. We also validate the relative importance of each stylistic feature to show that some of them remain consistently significant in every model used in this experiment.
description: 9 pages, 5 tables, 4 pictures
Fast and accurate method for computing non-smooth solutions to constrained control problems
Creators: name: Nita, Lucian
name: Vila, Eduardo M. G.
name: Zagorowska, Marta A.
name: Kerrigan, Eric C.
name: Nie, Yuanbo
name: McInerney, Ian
name: Falugi, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Introducing flexibility in the time-discretisation mesh can improve convergence and computational time when solving differential equations numerically, particularly when the solutions are discontinuous, as commonly found in control problems with constraints. State-of-the-art methods use fixed mesh schemes, which cannot achieve superlinear convergence in the presence of non-smooth solutions. In this paper, we propose using a flexible mesh in an integrated residual method. The locations of the mesh nodes are introduced as decision variables, and constraints are added to set upper and lower bounds on the size of the mesh intervals. We compare our approach to a uniform fixed mesh on a real-world satellite reorientation example. This example demonstrates that the flexible mesh enables the solver to automatically locate the discontinuities in the solution, has superlinear convergence and faster solve times, while achieving the same accuracy as a fixed mesh.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, Accepted to 20th European Control Conference (ECC 2022)
Pacing Early Mars fluvial activity at Aeolis Dorsa: Implications for Mars Science Laboratory observations at Gale Crater and Aeolis Mons
Creators: name: Kite, Edwin S.
name: Lucas, Antoine
name: Fassett, Caleb I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The impactor flux early in Mars history was much higher than today, so sedimentary sequences include many buried craters. In combination with models for the impactor flux, observations of the number of buried craters can constrain sedimentation rates. Using the frequency of crater-river interactions, we find net sedimentation rate \lesssim 20-300 μm/yr at Aeolis Dorsa. This sets a lower bound of 1-15 Myr on the total interval spanned by fluvial activity around the Noachian-Hesperian transition. We predict that Gale Crater's mound (Aeolis Mons) took at least 10-100 Myr to accumulate, which is testable by the Mars Science Laboratory.
description: Submitted to Icarus; minor changes from submitted version
On the magnetic fields in voids
Creators: name: Beck, Alexander M.
name: Hanasz, Michal
name: Lesch, Harald
name: Remus, Rhea-Silvia
name: Stasyszyn, Federico A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possible magnetization of cosmic voids by void galaxies. Recently, observations revealed isolated starforming galaxies within the voids. Furthermore, a major fraction of a voids volume is expected to be filled with magnetic fields of a minimum strength of about $10^{-15}$ G on Mpc scales. We estimate the transport of magnetic energy by cosmic rays (CR) from the void galaxies into the voids. We assume that CRs and winds are able to leave small isolated void galaxies shortly after they assembled, and then propagate within the voids. For a typical void, we estimate the magnetic field strength and volume filling factor depending on its void galaxy population and possible contributions of strong active galactic nuclei (AGN) which border the voids. We argue that the lower limit on the void magnetic field can be recovered, if a small fraction of the magnetic energy contained in the void galaxies or void bordering AGNs is distributed within the voids.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted to MNRAS Letters after moderate revision
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of the asymmetric Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model
Creators: name: Aguilera, Miguel
name: Igarashi, Masanao
name: Shimazaki, Hideaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most natural systems operate far from equilibrium, displaying time-asymmetric, irreversible dynamics characterized by a positive entropy production while exchanging energy and matter with the environment. Although stochastic thermodynamics underpins the irreversible dynamics of small systems, the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of larger, more complex systems remains unexplored. Here, we investigate the asymmetric Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model with synchronous and asynchronous updates as a prototypical example of large-scale nonequilibrium processes. Using a path integral method, we calculate a generating functional over trajectories, obtaining exact solutions of the order parameters, path entropy, and steady-state entropy production of infinitely large networks. Entropy production peaks at critical order-disorder phase transitions, but is significantly larger for quasi-deterministic disordered dynamics. Consequently, entropy production can increase under distinct scenarios, requiring multiple thermodynamic quantities to describe the system accurately. These results contribute to developing an exact analytical theory of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of large-scale physical and biological systems and their phase transitions.
Towards a Stringy Description for the $Q\bar Q q\bar q$-Quark System
Creators: name: Andreev, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the case of two light flavors we propose the stringy description of the system made of one heavy and one light quark-antiquark pair, with the aim of exploring the two lower-lying Born-Oppenheimer potentials as a function of a separation of the heavy quark-antiquark pair. Our analysis reveals three critical separations related to the processes of string reconnection, breaking and junction annihilation. In particular, for the ground state potential only the process of string reconnection matters. We find that a tetraquark state makes the dominant contribution to the potential of the first excited state at small separations, and this is the big difference with the $QQ\bar q\bar q$-quark system where it does so to the ground state potential. Another big difference is the emergence of the full diquark picture $[Qq][\bar Q\bar q]$ rather than the partial picture $QQ[\bar q\bar q]$ for the tetraquark state. On the other hand, the scales of string junction annihilation, below which the systems can be thought of mainly as the compact tetraquarks, are very close for both cases and become almost the same if the phenomenological rule $E_{QQ}=\frac{1}{2} E_{Q\bar Q}$ holds. The same is also true for the screening lengths whose values are in agreement with lattice QCD.
description: 22 pages, many figures; v2: typos corrected; v3: improved discussion, references added; v4: typo corrected; v5: the sign in (3.23) corrected
Mirror Descent Maximizes Generalized Margin and Can Be Implemented Efficiently
Creators: name: Sun, Haoyuan
name: Ahn, Kwangjun
name: Thrampoulidis, Christos
name: Azizan, Navid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Driven by the empirical success and wide use of deep neural networks, understanding the generalization performance of overparameterized models has become an increasingly popular question. To this end, there has been substantial effort to characterize the implicit bias of the optimization algorithms used, such as gradient descent (GD), and the structural properties of their preferred solutions. This paper answers an open question in this literature: For the classification setting, what solution does mirror descent (MD) converge to? Specifically, motivated by its efficient implementation, we consider the family of mirror descent algorithms with potential function chosen as the $p$-th power of the $\ell_p$-norm, which is an important generalization of GD. We call this algorithm $p$-$\textsf{GD}$. For this family, we characterize the solutions it obtains and show that it converges in direction to a generalized maximum-margin solution with respect to the $\ell_p$-norm for linearly separable classification. While the MD update rule is in general expensive to compute and perhaps not suitable for deep learning, $p$-$\textsf{GD}$ is fully parallelizable in the same manner as SGD and can be used to train deep neural networks with virtually no additional computational overhead. Using comprehensive experiments with both linear and deep neural network models, we demonstrate that $p$-$\textsf{GD}$ can noticeably affect the structure and the generalization performance of the learned models.
Determination of the number of $ψ^{\prime}$ event at BESIII
Creators: name: Ablikim, M.
name: Achasov, M. N.
name: Ambrose, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The number of $\psp$ events accumulated by the BESIII experiment from March 3 through April 14, 2009, is determined by counting inclusive hadronic events. The result is $106.41\times(1.00\pm 0.81%)\times 10^{6} $. The error is systematic only; the statistical error is negligible.
description: 10 pages, 18 figures, this paper is to be published in Chinese Physics C
Reduction theory for singular symplectic manifolds and singular forms on moduli spaces
Creators: name: Matveeva, Anastasia
name: Miranda, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The investigation of symmetries of b-symplectic manifolds and folded-symplectic manifolds is well-understood when the group under consideration is a torus (see, for instance, [GMPS,GLPR, GMW18a] for b-symplectic manifolds and [CGP, CM] for folded symplectic manifolds). However, reduction theory has not been set in this realm in full generality. This is fundamental, among other reasons, to advance in the "quantization commutes with reduction" programme for these manifolds initiated in [GMW18b, GMW21]. In this article, we fill in this gap and investigate the Marsden-Weinstein reduction theory under general symmetries for general $b^m$-symplectic manifolds and other singular symplectic manifolds, including certain folded symplectic manifolds. In this new framework, the set of admissible Hamiltonian functions is larger than the category of smooth functions as it takes the singularities of the differential forms into account. The quasi-Hamiltonian set-up is also considered and brand-new constructions of (singular) quasi-Hamiltonian spaces are obtained via a reduction procedure and the fusion product.
description: 35 pages, 10 figures, minor changes
Phocoena sinus Norris and McFarland 1958
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Phocoenidae
Phocoena
Phocoena sinus

description: Phocoena sinus Norris and McFarland, 1958. J. Mammal., 39:22. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California Norte, Punta San Felipe. DISTRIBUTION: Northern part of the Gulf of California, south to Tres Marias Isis, and N. Jalisco. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I. ISIS NUMBER: 5301411002019003001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Cetacea, pp. 290-304 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 297, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352983
Random node reinforcement and $K$-core structure of complex networks
Creators: name: Ma, Rui
name: Hu, Yanqing
name: Zhao, Jin-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To enhance robustness of complex networked systems, a simple method is introducing reinforced nodes which always function during failure propagation. A random scheme of node reinforcement can be considered as a benchmark for finding an optimal reinforcement solution. Yet there still lacks a systematic evaluation on how node reinforcement affects network structure at a mesoscopic level upon failures. Here we study this problem through the lens of $K$-cores of networks. Based on an analytical percolation framework, we first show that, on uncorrelated random graphs, with a critical size of reinforced nodes, an abrupt emergence of $K$-cores is smoothed out to a continuous one, and a detailed phase diagram is derived. We then show that, with a cost-benefit analysis on random reinforcement, for proper weight factors in cost functions with constant and increasing marginal costs, a gain function shows a unimodality, thus we can analytically find an optimal reinforcement fraction by locating the maximal gain. In all, our framework offers a gain-oriented analytical perspective to designing robust interconnected systems.
description: 14 pages, including 10 figures
Transverse-momentum resummation for top-quark pairs at hadron colliders
Creators: name: Zhu, Hua Xing
name: Li, Chong Sheng
name: Li, Hai Tao
name: Shao, Ding Yu
name: Yang, Li Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a framework for a systematic resummation of the transverse momentum distribution of top-quark pairs produced at hadron colliders based on effective field theory. Compared to Drell-Yan and Higgs production, a novel soft function matrix is required to account for the soft gluon emissions from the final states. We calculate this soft function at the next-to-leading order, and perform the resummation at the next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We compare our results with parton shower programs and with the experimental data at the Tevatron and the LHC. We also discuss the implications for the top quark charge asymmetry.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, published version in PRL
On the duality between contrastive and non-contrastive self-supervised learning
Creators: name: Garrido, Quentin
name: Chen, Yubei
name: Bardes, Adrien
name: Najman, Laurent
name: Lecun, Yann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent approaches in self-supervised learning of image representations can be categorized into different families of methods and, in particular, can be divided into contrastive and non-contrastive approaches. While differences between the two families have been thoroughly discussed to motivate new approaches, we focus more on the theoretical similarities between them. By designing contrastive and covariance based non-contrastive criteria that can be related algebraically and shown to be equivalent under limited assumptions, we show how close those families can be. We further study popular methods and introduce variations of them, allowing us to relate this theoretical result to current practices and show the influence (or lack thereof) of design choices on downstream performance. Motivated by our equivalence result, we investigate the low performance of SimCLR and show how it can match VICReg's with careful hyperparameter tuning, improving significantly over known baselines. We also challenge the popular assumption that non-contrastive methods need large output dimensions. Our theoretical and quantitative results suggest that the numerical gaps between contrastive and non-contrastive methods in certain regimes can be closed given better network design choices and hyperparameter tuning. The evidence shows that unifying different SOTA methods is an important direction to build a better understanding of self-supervised learning.
description: The Eleventh International Conference on Learning Representations, 2023, Kigali, Rwanda
Retirement Through Redundancy, 1984-1985
Creators: name: Bytheway, B.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2023

description: This is a qualitative data collection. This follow-up study is loosely linked to the study Redundancy in Steel : Labour Market Behaviour, Domestic Organisation and Local Networks, 1981-1982 (SN 1637), which looked at the effects of the 1980 redundancy programme of the British Steel Corporation on the local economy of Port Talbot.

 Those interviewed in Redundancy in Steel (SN 1637) were offered a redundancy package which differed according to the age of the worker. Those under the age of 55 (born in 1926 or later) were offered significant inducements to find and take on work with other employers. In contrast, those aged 55 or more were given the opposite: an immediate pension and ‘make-up’ money (matching their former wages) which they lost were they to obtain further paid employment.

 All 108 men interviewed for the  Retirement Through Redundancy  (SN 7056) study were aged 55 or more at the time of redundancy. Half of those interviewed had been miners earlier in life and the miners' strike was current when the interviews took place. Respondents were interviewed using an interview schedule which included information transcribed from an earlier interview they took part-in with a Gallop interviewer from the Redundancy in Steel (SN 1637) study. Of the 108 interviews, 45 have been transcribed and are available from the UK Data Archive.
Final measurement of $B^0_s$ mixing phase in the full CDF Run II data set
Creators: name: Leo, Sabato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the final CDF measurement of the $B^0_s$ mixing phase, mean lifetime, and decay-width difference through the fit of the time evolution of flavor-tagged $B^0_s \rightarrow J/ψϕ$ decays. The measurement is based on the full data set of 1.96 TeV $p\bar{p}$ collisions collected between February 2002 and September 2011 by the CDF experiment. The results are consistent with the standard model and other experimental determinations and are amongst the most precise to date.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, conference IFAE 2012
On the Running Time of Hypergraph Bootstrap Percolation
Creators: name: Noel, Jonathan A.
name: Ranganathan, Arjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C35, 05C65, 05D99, 82B43

description: Given $r\geq2$ and an $r$-uniform hypergraph $F$, the $F$-bootstrap process starts with an $r$-uniform hypergraph $H$ and, in each time step, every hyperedge which "completes" a copy of $F$ is added to $H$. The maximum running time of this process has been recently studied in the case that $r=2$ and $F$ is a complete graph by Bollobás, Przykucki, Riordan and Sahasrabudhe [Electron. J. Combin. 24(2) (2017), Paper No. 2.16], Matzke [arXiv:1510.06156v2] and Balogh, Kronenberg, Pokrovskiy and Szabó [arXiv:1907.04559v1]. We consider the case that $r\geq3$ and $F$ is the complete $r$-uniform hypergraph on $k$ vertices. Our main results are that the maximum running time is $Θ\left(n^r\right)$ if $k\geq r+2$ and $Ω\left(n^{r-1}\right)$ if $k=r+1$. For the case $k=r+1$, we conjecture that our lower bound is optimal up to a constant factor when $r=3$, but suspect that it can be improved by more than a constant factor for large $r$.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures
Normalized power priors always discount historical data
Creators: name: Pawel, Samuel
name: Aust, Frederik
name: Held, Leonhard
name: Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Power priors are used for incorporating historical data in Bayesian analyses by taking the likelihood of the historical data raised to the power $α$ as the prior distribution for the model parameters. The power parameter $α$ is typically unknown and assigned a prior distribution, most commonly a beta distribution. Here, we give a novel theoretical result on the resulting marginal posterior distribution of $α$ in case of the the normal and binomial model. Counterintuitively, when the current data perfectly mirror the historical data and the sample sizes from both data sets become arbitrarily large, the marginal posterior of $α$ does not converge to a point mass at $α= 1$ but approaches a distribution that hardly differs from the prior. The result implies that a complete pooling of historical and current data is impossible if a power prior with beta prior for $α$ is used.
МАҲКУМЛАР ТОМОНИДАН ЖИНОЯТЧИЛИКЛАРНИ ОЛДИНИ ОЛИШДА ЖАЗОНИ ИЖРО ЭТИШ МУАССАСАЛАРИДА АМАЛГА ОШИРИЛГАН ИШЛАР ВА ИСТИҚБОЛЛАРИ
Creators: name: Қушбоқов, Шоҳрух
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: ушбу мақолада муаллифлар томонидан жазони ижро этиш муассасаларида маҳкумларни қайта тарбиялашни бугунги ҳолати ва маҳкумларни қайта жиноят содир этишни олдини олиш борасида фикр мулоҳазалар юритилган.
The effects of polydispersity and metastability on crystal growth kinetics
Creators: name: Williamson, John J.
name: Evans, R. Mike L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of metastable gas-liquid (G-L) separation on crystal growth in a system of either monodisperse or slightly size-polydisperse square well particles, using a simulation setup that allows us to focus on the growth of a single crystal. Our system parameters are such that, inside the metastable G-L binodal, a macroscopic layer of the gas phase "coats" the crystal as it grows, consistent with experiment and theoretical free energy considerations. Crucially, the effect of this metastable G-L separation on the crystal growth rate depends qualitatively on whether the system is polydisperse. We measure reduced polydispersity and qualitatively different local size ordering in the crystal relative to the fluid, proposing that the required fractionation is dynamically facilitated by the gas layer. Our results show that polydispersity and metastability, both ubiquitous in soft matter, must be considered in tandem if their dynamical effects are to be understood.
description: Published in Soft Matter. DOI: 10.1039/C3SM27627A
Phocoena spinipinnis Burmeister 1865
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Phocoenidae
Phocoena
Phocoena spinipinnis

description: Phocoena spinipinnis Burmeister, 1865. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865:228. TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Buenos Aires, mouth of the Rio de la Plata. DISTRIBUTION: Temperate waters of South America, from Rio de la Plata (Uruguay) to Tierra del Fuego to Paita (Peru). PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Order Cetacea. ISIS NUMBER: 5301411002019004001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Cetacea, pp. 290-304 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352983
Oscillatory dynamics and non-markovian memory in dissipative quantum systems
Creators: name: Kennes, D. M.
name: Kashuba, O.
name: Pletyukhov, M.
name: Schoeller, H.
name: Meden, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonequilibrium dynamics of a small quantum system coupled to a dissipative environment is studied. We show that (1) the oscillatory dynamics close to a coherent-to-incoherent transition is surprisingly different from the one of the classical damped harmonic oscillator and that (2) non-markovian memory plays a prominent role in the time evolution after a quantum quench.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Electron-hole coherence in core-shell nanowires with partial proximity induced superconductivity
Creators: name: Klausen, Kristjan Ottar
name: Sitek, Anna
name: Erlingsson, Sigurdur I.
name: Manolescu, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian, the electron-hole coherence within a partially proximitized n-doped semiconductor shell of a core-shell nanowire heterostructure is investigated numerically and compared with the Andreev reflection interpretation of proximity induced superconductivity. Partial proximitization is considered to quantify the effects of a reduced coherence length. Three cases of partial proximitization of the shell are explored: radial, angular and longitudinal. For the radial case, it is found that the boundary conditions impose localization probability maxima in the center of the shell in spite of off-center radial proximitization. The induced superconductivity gap is calculated as a function of the ratio between the proximitized shell thickness and the total shell thickness. In the angular case, the lowest energy state of a hexagonal wire with a single proximitized side is found to display the essence of Andreev reflection, only by lengthwise summation of the localization probability. In the longitudinal case, a clear correspondence with Andreev reflection is seen in the localization probability as a function of length along a half-proximitized wire. The effect of an external magnetic field oriented along the wire is explored.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, added discussion and references
Search for dark matter candidates and large extra dimensions in events with a photon and missing transverse momentum in pp collision data at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results of a search for new phenomena in events with an energetic photon and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV are reported. Data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb-1 are used. Good agreement is observed between the data and the Standard Model predictions. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with large extra spatial dimensions and on pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates.
description: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages in total), 3 figures, 1 table, submitted to Physical Review Letters
Predicting Gibbs-State Expectation Values with Pure Thermal Shadows
Creators: name: Coopmans, Luuk
name: Kikuchi, Yuta
name: Benedetti, Marcello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The preparation and computation of many properties of quantum Gibbs states is essential for algorithms such as quantum semidefinite programming and quantum Boltzmann machines. We propose a quantum algorithm that can predict $M$ linear functions of an arbitrary Gibbs state with only $\mathcal{O}(\log{M})$ experimental measurements. Our main insight is that for sufficiently large systems we do not need to prepare the $n$-qubit mixed Gibbs state explicitly but, instead, we can evolve a random $n$-qubit pure state in imaginary time. The result then follows by constructing classical shadows of these random pure states. We propose a quantum circuit that implements this algorithm by using quantum signal processing for the imaginary time evolution. We numerically verify the efficiency of the algorithm by simulating the circuit for a ten-spin-1/2 XXZ-Heisenberg model. In addition, we show that the algorithm can be successfully employed as a subroutine for training an eight-qubit fully connected quantum Boltzmann machine.
description: Fixed a few typos
Bounding and Approximating Intersectional Fairness through Marginal Fairness
Creators: name: Molina, Mathieu
name: Loiseau, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discrimination in machine learning often arises along multiple dimensions (a.k.a. protected attributes); it is then desirable to ensure \emph{intersectional fairness} -- i.e., that no subgroup is discriminated against. It is known that ensuring \emph{marginal fairness} for every dimension independently is not sufficient in general. Due to the exponential number of subgroups, however, directly measuring intersectional fairness from data is impossible. In this paper, our primary goal is to understand in detail the relationship between marginal and intersectional fairness through statistical analysis. We first identify a set of sufficient conditions under which an exact relationship can be obtained. Then, we prove bounds (easily computable through marginal fairness and other meaningful statistical quantities) in high-probability on intersectional fairness in the general case. Beyond their descriptive value, we show that these theoretical bounds can be leveraged to derive a heuristic improving the approximation and bounds of intersectional fairness by choosing, in a relevant manner, protected attributes for which we describe intersectional subgroups. Finally, we test the performance of our approximations and bounds on real and synthetic data-sets.
description: 33 pages, 7 figures
A multi-objective constrained POMDP model for breast cancer screening
Creators: name: Helmeczi, Robert K.
name: Kavaklioglu, Can
name: Cevik, Mucahit
name: Neghab, Davood Pirayesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Breast cancer is a common and deadly disease, but it is often curable when diagnosed early. While most countries have large-scale screening programs, there is no consensus on a single globally accepted guideline for breast cancer screening. The complex nature of the disease; the limited availability of screening methods such as mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound; and public health policies all factor into the development of screening policies. Resource availability concerns necessitate the design of policies which conform to a budget, a problem which can be modelled as a constrained partially observable Markov decision process (CPOMDP). In this study, we propose a multi-objective CPOMDP model for breast cancer screening which allows for supplemental screening methods to accompany mammography. The model has two objectives: maximize the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and minimize lifetime breast cancer mortality risk (LBCMR). We identify the Pareto frontier of optimal solutions for average and high-risk patients at different budget levels, which can be used by decision-makers to set policies in practice. We find that the policies obtained by using a weighted objective are able to generate well-balanced QALYs and LBCMR values. In contrast, the single-objective models generally sacrifice a substantial amount in terms of QALYs/LBCMR for a minimal gain in LBCMR/QALYs. Additionally, our results show that, with the baseline cost values for supplemental screenings as well as the additional disutility that they incur, they are rarely recommended in CPOMDP policies, especially in a budget-constrained setting. A sensitivity analysis reveals the thresholds on cost and disutility values at which supplemental screenings become advantageous to prescribe.
description: 37 pages, 5 figures
Search in leptonic channels for heavy resonances decaying to long-lived neutral particles
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is performed for heavy resonances decaying to two long-lived massive neutral particles, each decaying to leptons. The experimental signature is a distinctive topology consisting of a pair of oppositely charged leptons originating at a separated secondary vertex. Events were collected by the CMS detector at the LHC during pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, and selected from data samples corresponding to 4.1 (5.1) inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity in the electron (muon) channel. No significant excess is observed above standard model expectations, and an upper limit is set with 95% confidence level on the production cross section times the branching fraction to leptons, as a function of the long-lived massive neutral particle lifetime.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Phocoenoides Andrews 1911
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Phocoenidae
Phocoenoides

description: Phocoenoides Andrews, 1911. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 30:31. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Order Cetacea. ISIS NUMBER: 5301411002020000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Cetacea, pp. 290-304 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352983
Direct imaging of extra-solar planets in star forming regions: Lessons learned from a false positive around IM Lup
Creators: name: Mawet, Dimitri
name: Absil, Olivier
name: Montagnier, Guillaume
name: Riaud, Pierre
name: Surdej, Jean
name: Ducourant, Christine
name: Augereau, Jean-Charles
name: Rottinger, Sarah
name: Girard, Julien
name: Krist, John
name: Stapelfeldt, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most exoplanet imagers consist of ground-based adaptive optics coronagraphic cameras which are currently limited in contrast, sensitivity and astrometric precision, but advantageously observe in the near-IR (1- 5μm). Because of these practical limitations, our current observational aim at detecting and characterizing planets puts heavy constraints on target selection, observing strategies, data reduction, and follow-up. Most surveys so far have thus targeted young systems (1-100Myr) to catch the putative remnant thermal radiation of giant planets, which peaks in the near-IR. They also favor systems in the solar neighborhood (d<80pc), which eases angular resolution requirements but also ensures a good knowledge of the distance and proper motion, which are critical to secure the planet status, and enable subsequent characterization. Because of their youth, it is very tempting to target the nearby star forming regions, which are typically twice as far as the bulk of objects usually combed for planets by direct imaging. Probing these interesting reservoirs sets additional constraints that we review in this paper by presenting the planet search that we initiated in 2008 around the disk-bearing T Tauri star IM Lup (Lupus star forming region, 140-190pc). We show and discuss why age determination, the choice of evolutionary model for the central star and the planet, precise knowledge of the host star proper motion, relative or absolute astrometric accuracy, and patience are the key ingredients for exoplanet searches around more distant young stars. Unfortunately, most of the time, precision and perseverance are not paying off: we discovered a candidate companion around IM Lup in 2008, which we report here to be an unbound background object. We nevertheless review in details the lessons learned from our endeavor, and additionally present the best detection limits ever calculated for IM Lup.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, accepted to A&A
Hunting for dark halo substructure using submilliarcsecond-scale observations of macrolensed radio jets
Creators: name: Zackrisson, Erik
name: Asadi, Saghar
name: Wiik, Kaj
name: Jönsson, Jakob
name: Scott, Pat
name: Datta, Kanan K.
name: Friedrich, Martina M.
name: Jensen, Hannes
name: Johansson, Joel
name: Rydberg, Claes-Erik
name: Sandberg, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark halo substructure may reveal itself through secondary, small-scale gravitational lensing effects on light sources that are macrolensed by a foreground galaxy. Here, we explore the prospects of using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations of multiply-imaged quasar jets to search for submilliarcsecond-scale image distortions produced by various forms of dark substructures in the 1e3-1e8 Msolar mass range. We present lensing simulations relevant for the angular resolutions attainable with the existing European VLBI Network (EVN), the global VLBI array, and an upcoming observing mode in which the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) is connected to the global VLBI array. While observations of this type would not be sensitive to standard cold dark matter subhalos, they can be used to detect more compact forms of halo substructure predicted in alternative structure formation scenarios. By mapping ~5 strongly lensed systems, it should be possible to detect or robustly rule out primordial black holes in the 1e3-1e6 Msolar mass range if they constitute >1% percent of the dark matter in these lenses. Ultracompact minihalos are harder to detect using this technique, but 1e6-1e8 Msolar ultracompact minihalos could in principle be detected if they constitute >10% of the dark matter.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures; v.2 accepted for publication in MNRAS
Maximal Entanglement, Collective Coordinates and Tracking the King
Creators: name: Revzen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Maximal entangled states (MES) provide a basis to two d-dimensional particles Hilbert space, d=prime $\ne 2$. The MES forming this basis are product states in the collective, center of mass and relative, coordinates. These states are associated (underpinned) with lines of finite geometry whose constituent points are associated with product states carrying Mutual Unbiased Bases (MUB) labels. This representation is shown to be convenient for the study of the Mean King Problem and a variant thereof, termed Tracking the King which proves to be a novel quantum communication channel. The main topics, notions used are reviewed in an attempt to have the paper self contained.
description: 8. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1206.3884, arXiv:1206.0356
Precision tests of the nonlinear mode coupling of anisotropic flow via high-energy collisions of isobars
Creators: name: Jia, Jiangyong
name: Giacalone, Giuliano
name: Zhang, Chunjian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Valuable information on the dynamics of expanding fluids can be inferred from the response of such systems to perturbations in their initial geometry. We apply this technique in high-energy $^{96}$Ru+$^{96}$Ru and $^{96}$Zr+$^{96}$Zr collisions to scrutinize the expansion dynamics of the quark-gluon plasma, where the initial geometry perturbations are sourced by the differences in deformations and radial profiles between $^{96}$Ru and $^{96}$Zr, and the collective response is captured by the change in anisotropic flow $V_n$ between the two collision systems. Using a transport model, we analyze how the nonlinear coupling between lower-order flow harmonics $V_2$ and $V_3$ to the higher-order flow harmonics $V_4$ and $V_5$, expected to scale as $V_{4\mathrm{NL}}=χ_4 V_2^2$ and $V_{5\mathrm{NL}}=χ_5 V_2V_3$, gets modified as one moves from $^{96}$Ru+$^{96}$Ru to $^{96}$Zr+$^{96}$Zr systems. We find that these scaling relations are valid to high precision: variations of order 20\% in $V_{4\mathrm{NL}}$ and $V_{5\mathrm{NL}}$ due to differences in quadrupole deformation, octupole deformation, and nuclear skin modify $χ_{4}$ and $χ_5$ by about 1--2\%. Percent-level deviations are however larger than the expected experimental uncertainties and could be measured. Therefore, collisions of isobars with different nuclear structures are a unique tool to isolate subtle nonlinear effects in the expansion of the quark-gluon plasma that would be otherwise impossible to access in a single collision system.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures