cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Equilibration of integer quantum Hall edge states
Creators: name: Kovrizhin, D. L.
name: Chalker, J. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study equilibration of quantum Hall edge states at integer filling factors, motivated by experiments involving point contacts at finite bias. Idealising the experimental situation and extending the notion of a quantum quench, we consider time evolution from an initial non-equilibrium state in a translationally invariant system. We show that electron interactions bring the system into a steady state at long times. Strikingly, this state is not a thermal one: its properties depend on the full functional form of the initial electron distribution, and not simply on the initial energy density. Further, we demonstrate that measurements of the tunneling density of states at long times can yield either an over-estimate or an under-estimate of the energy density, depending on details of the analysis, and discuss this finding in connection with an apparent energy loss observed experimentally. More specifically, we treat several separate cases: for filling factor ν=1 we discuss relaxation due to finite-range or Coulomb interactions between electrons in the same channel, and for filling factor ν=2 we examine relaxation due to contact interactions between electrons in different channels. In both instances we calculate analytically the long-time asymptotics of the single-particle correlation function. These results are supported by an exact solution at arbitrary time for the problem of relaxation at ν=2 from an initial state in which the two channels have electron distributions that are both thermal but with unequal temperatures, for which we also examine the tunneling density of states.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, final version as published
title: "Statua di ninfa con conchiglia", arte romana, inv. CLXX (ITA/EN)
title: Scheda catalogo digitale Borghese
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: di Fazio, Clara
name: Galleria Borghese
Publisher: name: Galleria Borghese
Year: 2024

description: Pubblicazione delle schede delle opere conservate nel museo ed estratte dal catalogo digitale di

Galleria Borghese, nelle due versioni esistenti online, in italiano e inglese.

Collegamento al catalogo digitale:

ITA: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/

EN: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/en
Plant material decomposition and bacterial and fungal communities in serpentine and karst soils of Japanese cool-temperate forests
Creators: name: Nakamura, Ryosuke
name: Tatsumi, Chikae
name: Kajino, Hirofumi
name: Fujimoto, Yutaro
name: Fujii, Rei
name: Yokobe, Tomohiro
name: Mori, Taiki
name: Okada, Naoki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: We aimed to reveal the plant material decomposition rate and abundance of bacteria and fungi in serpentine and karst sites of cool-temperate forests. Given the relatively higher soil pH, we hypothesized a higher decomposition rate of cellulose, lower decomposition rate of lignin-containing plant materials, and lower fungi-to-bacteria ratio in serpentine and karst sites than in neighboring non-serpentine/non-karst sites. This study was conducted on serpentine and mudstone sites in deciduous oak forests on Mount Oe and karst and sandstone sites on Mount Ibuki, Japan. We performed a decomposition experiment over 5 months using three chemically distinct materials: cellulose filter, lignin-containing coffee filter, and green tea leaves. These common materials enabled us to compare the in-situ utilization of different carbon substrates by microbial communities between sites. The abundance of bacteria and fungi and their ratio in topsoils and materials that decomposed for 1 month were assessed using quantitative PCR. In contrast to our hypothesis, the decomposition rate was higher in the mudstone site for cellulose and did not differ for the coffee filter compared to the serpentine site. Green teas with higher lignin content than coffee filters decomposed slower at the serpentine site only during the early period of decomposition. The serpentine site showed higher fungi-to-bacteria ratios in the decomposed materials and soil. The karst site also showed different decomposition patterns than our prediction, presenting no clear difference in the cellulose filter compared to the sandstone site. In the karst site, coffee filters decomposed faster at the early period; however, green teas decomposed slower as we expected, especially at the later period of decomposition. The karst site had a lower fungi-to-bacteria ratio in the topsoil, but similar fungi-to-bacteria ratios in the decomposed materials compared with the sandstone site. Our results suggest that the decomposition patterns in the serpentine and karst soils are not simply predicted based on soil pH and other distinct characteristics (e.g., soil moisture content and heavy metal concentration) would more strongly contribute to decomposition and microbial community composition in the study mountains.
A hybrid steady-state magnetohydrodynamic dust-driven stellar wind model for AGB stars
Creators: name: Thirumalai, Anand
name: Heyl, Jeremy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present calculations for a magnetised hybrid wind model for Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars. The model incorporates a canonical Weber-Davis (WD) stellar wind with dust grains in the envelope of an AGB star. The resulting hybrid picture preserves traits of both types of winds. It is seen that this combination requires that the dust-parameter ($Γ_{d}$) be less than unity in order to achieve an outflow. The emergence of critical points in the wind changes the nature of the dust-driven outflow, simultaneously, the presence of a dust condensation radius changes the morphology of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) solutions for the wind. In this context, we additionally investigate the effect of having magnetic-cold spots on the equator of an AGB star and its implications for dust formation; which are seen to be consistent with previous findings.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Germanium target sensed by phonon-mediated kinetic inductance detectors
Creators: name: Delicato, D.
name: Angelone, D.
name: Bandiera, L.
name: Calvo, M.
name: Cappelli, M.
name: Chowdhury, U.
name: Del Castello, G.
name: Folcarelli, M.
name: Roccagiovine, M. del Gallo
name: Guidi, V.
name: Pesce, G. L.
name: Romagnoni, M.
name: Cruciani, A.
name: Mazzolari, A.
name: Monfardini, A.
name: Vignati, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cryogenic phonon detectors are adopted in experiments searching for dark matter interactions or coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, thanks to the low energy threshold they can achieve. The phonon-mediated sensing of particle interactions in passive silicon absorbers has been demonstrated with Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs). Targets with neutron number larger than silicon, however, feature higher cross section to neutrinos while multi-target absorbers in dark matter experiments would provide a stronger evidence of a possible signal. In this work we present the design, fabrication and operation of KIDs coupled to a germanium absorber, achieving phonon-sensing performance comparable to silicon absorbers. The device introduced in this work is a proof of concept for a scalable neutrino detector and for a multi-target dark matter experiment.
description: 3 Figures, 2 Tables, 5 pages
Observation of Andreev bound states at spin-active interfaces
Creators: name: Hübler, F.
name: Wolf, M. J.
name: Scherer, T.
name: Wang, D.
name: Beckmann, D.
name: Löhneysen, H. v.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on high-resolution differential conductance experiments on nanoscale superconductor/ferromagnet tunnel junctions with ultra-thin oxide tunnel barriers. We observe subgap conductance features which are symmetric with respect to bias, and shift according to the Zeeman energy with an applied magnetic field. These features can be explained by resonant transport via Andreev bound states induced by spin-active scattering at the interface. From the energy and the Zeeman shift of the bound states, both the magnitude and sign of the spin-dependent interfacial phase shifts between spin-up and spin-down electrons can be determined. These results contribute to the microscopic insight into the triplet proximity effect at spin-active interfaces.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, revtex
Effects of soil types and fertility management practices on soil silicon availability and banana silicon uptake
Creators: name: Fujii, Kazumichi
name: Ichinose, Yuri
name: Arai, Kazuna
name: Komatsu, Ken
name: Hayakawa, Chie
name: de Guzman Alvindia, Dionisio
name: Watanabe, Kyoko
name: Hartono, Arief
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Although silicon (Si) is one of soil abundant constituents and one of the key elements enhancing plant disease resistance, banana uptake of Si is limited by soil Si availability. It remains unclear what factors regulates soil Si availability and whether banana Si uptake increases with increasing soil Si availability in home garden soils. To test whether soil Si availability and banana leaf SiO2 contents are affected by soil types or fertility management practices, we measured (1) banana leaf SiO2 contents along the gradient of livestock inputs in Andisols of Tanzania and (2) water extractable Si, phosphate-buffer extractable Si, and banana leaf SiO2 in the home garden soils with different degree of volcanic ash admixing and with/without leguminous trees in Indonesia (East Java and East Kalimantan). Livestock dung application increased banana leaf SiO2 contents in the Tanzanian home gardens. Water extractable Si increased with increasing soil pH, but soil phosphate-buffer extractable Si and banana leaf SiO2 contents were strongly regulated by oxalate-extractable Si and andic properties in the Indonesian home gardens. Effects of companion trees (agroforestry) increased banana leaf SiO2 only in two of three Andisols (Java). These results suggest that banana leaf SiO2 contents could be primarily regulated by admixing degree of volcanic parent materials rich in weatherable minerals, but that banana leaf SiO2 contents could also be increased by inputs of livestock dung rich in Si (Tanzania) and agroforestry (Indoensia).
Graphen der Lernverlaufsdiagnostik interpretieren und anwenden - Leseförderung mit der Onlineverlaufsmessung Levumi
Creators: name: Jungjohann, J.
name: Diehl, K.
name: Mühling, A.
name: Gebhardt, Markus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Viele Schüler mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf entwickeln Schwierigkeiten im sprachlichen Bereich. Dies hat zur Folge, dass insbesondere der Leseerwerb einer pädagogischen Aufbereitung bedarf. In dieser pädagogischen Arbeit bietet der problemlösende Ansatz der Lernverlaufsdiagnostik (engl. Curriculum- Based Measurement) Lehrkrä%en eine Unterstützung bei der Überprüfung der Effektivität ihres Unterrichts durch kurze und leicht handhabbare Tests. Diese Unterstützung kann durch weiterführende Materialien (z. B. Interpretationshilfen, Fördermaterialien) bestärkt werden. Für eine erfolgreiche Etablierung der Lernverlaufsdiagnostik und der damit verbundenen computergestützten Testsysteme in der Praxis müssen die aus dem Schulsystem bedingten Anforderungen berücksichtigt werden. Dieser Beitrag thematisiert literaturbasiert die Chancen und Grenzen bei der Implementation der Lernverlaufsdiagnostik in der pädagogischen Praxis. Dafür werden digitale Testsysteme, die Perspektive der Lehrkrä%e sowie Schwierigkeiten bei der Interpretation von Lernverlaufsgraphen fokussiert betrachtet. Als Praxisbeispiel wird das Angebot der kostenlosen Onlineplattform Levumi (www.levumi.de), ihre Lernverlaufstests im Bereich Lesen, die Interpretation der Klassen- und Individualgraphen und Fördermaterialien vorgestellt. Damit sich der Ansatz der Lernverlaufsdiagnostik in Deutschland im inklusiven Schulsystem etablieren kann, müssen Barrieren durch Kosten oder einen fehlenden technischen Support abgebaut werden. Zusätzlich können adaptive Testsysteme die Leseförderung durch automatisierte Empfehlungen von Fördermaterialien, schülergerechte Rückmeldungen und Analysen der Kompetenzpro+le der Schüler den Unterricht bereichern.
What applying growthmixture modeling can tell us about predictors of number line estimation
Creators: name: DeVries, J. M.
name: Kuhn, J.-T.
name: Gebhardt, Markus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Number line estimation tasks have been considered a good indicator of mathematical competency for many years and are traditionally analyzed by fitting individual regression curves to individual responders. We innovate on this technique by applying growth mixture modeling and compare it to traditional regression using a sample of 2nd graders (n = 325) who completed both 0–20 and 0–100 number line tasks. We explore the effects of gender, special education needs, and migration background. Using growth mixture modeling, more children were identified as logarithmic responders than were identified using regressions. Growth mixture modeling was able to identify the significant effects of gender on class membership for both tasks, and of special education needs for the 0–20 task. Overall, growth mixture modeling provided a more complete picture of individual response patterns than traditional regression techniques. We discuss the implications of these findings and provide recommendations for future researchers to use growth mixture modeling with future number line task analyses.
Superfield Approach to Nilpotent Symmetries of the Freedman-Townsend Model: Novel Features
Creators: name: Malik, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) analysis of the Freedman-Townsend (FT) model of topologically massive non-Abelian theory by exploiting its (1-form) Yang-Mills (YM) gauge transformations to show the existence of some novel features that are totally different from the results obtained in such a kind of consideration carried out for the dynamical non-Abelian 2-form theory. We tap here the potential and power of the "augmented" version of Bonora-Tonin's superfield approach to BRST formalism to derive the full set of off-shell nilpotent and absolutely anticommuting (anti-)BRST symmetry transformations where, in addition to the horizontality condition (HC), we are theoretically compelled to exploit the appropriate gauge-invariant restrictions (GIRs) on the (super)fields for the derivation of the appropriate symmetry transformations for all the relevant fields. We compare our key results with that of the other such attempt for the discussion of the present model within the framework of BRST formalism.
description: LaTeX file, 20 pages, To appear in IJMPA
Application of Madelung Hydrodynamics to Plasmonics and Nonlinear Optics in Two-Dimensional Materials
Creators: name: Cardoso, Simão S.
name: Chaves, A. J.
name: Mortensen, N. Asger
name: Peres, N. M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper explores the application of Madelung hydrodynamic models to study two-dimensional electron gases, with a focus on nonlocal plasmonics and nonlinear optics. We begin by reviewing the derivation of the Madelung equations. Using the Madelung equations in conjunction with Poisson's equation, we calculate the spectrum of magnetoplasmons and the magneto-optical conductivity in the electrostatic regime, incorporating nonlocal corrections due to the Fermi pressure. In the absence of a magnetic field, we analyze nonlinear and nonlocal second-harmonic generation, demonstrating how plasmon excitation enhances this process. We further discuss the emergence of self-modulation phenomena driven by nonlinearity, leading to the renormalization of the plasmon dispersion. Notably, we show that nonlinearity amplifies nonlocal effects and, leveraging the hydrodynamic formalism, derive a simple analytic expression for the renormalized spectra.
description: 14 pages and 4 figures; formulas in Sec. B corrected
Wind waves and internal waves in Base Mine Lake
Creators: name: Hurley, David Lee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Syncrude's Base Mine Lake is the first commercial scale demonstration of end pit lake technology in the Canadian Oil Sands. Following its commissioning in 2012 significant efforts have been made to monitor and understand its evolution. Of particular interest is the impact of surface and internal waves on the resuspension of fluid fine tailings and the effect of hydrocarbons on surface wind wave formation and growth. In this study the first complete description of the wind and internal waves in Base Mine Lake is presented. Observations of surface wind waves were collected using two subsurface pressure gauges. Data revealed that wind waves in Base Mine Lake have short residence times and rarely generate bottom orbital velocities capable of resuspending fluid fine tailings. Additionally, numerical simulations of the wind waves in Base Mine Lake were performed with the SWAN model. Modeled wave heights were in good agreement with observations, and resuspension of fluid fine tailings was minimal even during the 10 year storm event. As the surface of Base Mine Lake contains a hydrocarbon film its impact on surface wind waves was investigated in the laboratory and field. It was found that the hydrocarbon film dampens high frequency wind waves and results in a slower growing wind wave field dominated by longer wavelengths. Additionally, the presence of hydrocarbons also increases the critical wind speed needed to initiate wave growth. From these findings it is postulated that the hydrocarbon film on Base Mine Lake acts to decrease the fluxes of momentum, gas, and heat. The internal waves in Base Mine Lake were simulated using Delft3D Flow. Simulated wave heights as large as 3 m were shown to oscillate for multiple days with little dampening, and despite the small surface area of Base Mine Lake (8 km²) the internal waves were significantly influenced by the Coriolis force. This influence was seen in the form of simulated Kelvin and Poincaré waves which resulted in complex circulation patterns within the lake. The findings presented here provide a first picture into the impacts of waves on the reclamation of Base Mine Lake.
Large, Tunable Valley Splitting and Single-Spin Relaxation Mechanisms in a Si/SixGe1-x Quantum Dot
Creators: name: Holland, Arne
name: Struck, Tom
name: Langrock, Veit
name: Schmidbauer, Andreas
name: Schauer, Floyd
name: Leonhardt, Tim
name: Sawano, Kentarou
name: Riemann, Helge
name: Abrosimov, Nikolay V.
name: Bougeard, Dominique
name: Schreiber, Lars R.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Valley splitting is a key feature of silicon-based spin qubits. Quantum dots in Si/SixGe1−x heterostructures reportedly suffer from a relatively low valley splitting, limiting the operation temperature and the scalability of such qubit devices. Here, we demonstrate a robust and large valley splitting exceeding 200 μeV in a gate-defined single quantum dot, hosted in molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown 28Si/SixGe1−x. The valley splitting is monotonically and reproducibly tunable up to 15% by gate voltages, originating from a 6-nm lateral displacement of the quantum dot. We observe static spin relaxation times T1>1 s at low magnetic fields in our device containing an integrated nanomagnet. At higher magnetic fields, T1 is limited by the valley hotspot and by phonon noise coupling to intrinsic and artificial spin-orbit coupling, including phonon bottlenecking.
Estimation models from soil pH with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:2.5 to pH measured by other methods using soils in Japan
Creators: name: Takamoto, Akira
name: Takahashi, Tomoki
name: Togami, Kazuki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: In Japan, soil pH is primarily measured using water with a solid-to-liquid (SL) ratio of 1:2.5, whereas soil pH measurement methods vary by country. Although some soil pH estimation models for each country have been developed to convert soil pH measured by other methods, suitable models for soils in Japan remain unidentified. Therefore, we propose models for estimating the various soil pH values from those measured by water with an SL ratio of 1:2.5. We collected a dataset of 192 topsoil properties in paddy-upland rotation fields in eastern Japan. The dataset comprised soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC, SL ratio of 1:5), particle density, silt and clay content, and total carbon. Soil pH was measured using distilled water (DW), 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl2), and 1 M potassium chloride (KCl) with an SL ratio of 1:1 (pH-1DW), 1:2.5 (pH-2.5DW, pH-2.5CaCl2, pH-2.5KCl), and 1:5 (pH-5DW, pH-5CaCl2, pH-5KCl). The comparison of linear regression models showed that the models comprising pH-2.5DW and intercept were sufficiently accurate to estimate pH-1DW and 5DW. However, to estimate pH-CaCl2 and pH-KCl, the models comprising pH-2.5DW, EC, and intercept were sufficiently accurate. From the study results, we proposed the following equations: pH-1DW = 1.10 × pH-2.5DW − 0.69 (R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 0.19); pH-5DW = 0.80 × pH-2.5DW + 1.32 (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 0.16); pH-2.5CaCl2 = 0.93 × pH-2.5DW + 1.75 × EC − 0.44 (R2 = 0.94, RMSE = 0.14); pH-5CaCl2 = 0.83 × pH-2.5DW + 2.19 × EC + 0.29 (R2 = 0.88, RMSE = 0.20); pH-2.5KCl = 0.92 × pH-2.5DW + 2.86 × EC − 0.97 (R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 0.15); pH-5KCl = 0.88 × pH-2.5DW + 2.94 × EC − 0.57 (R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 0.15).
B1.4 Pedagogical Strategies, Approaches and Methodologies to Support Literacy and Digital Literacy Development for Gaeilge and EAL
Creators: name: Concannon-Gibney, Tara
name: de Brún, Jacqueline
name: Ní Dhiorbháin, Aisling
name: Ní Láimhín, Máire
name: Ó Duibhir, Pádraig
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: pedagogical Strategies, approaches and methodologies, literacy, digital literacy, Gaeilge and EAL

description: TBA
Brain Exposure to Piperacillin in Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients Assessed by Cerebral Microdialysis and Population Pharmacokinetics
Creators: name: Ullah, Sami
name: Beer, Ronny
name: Fuhr, Uwe
name: Taubert, Max
name: Zeitlinger, Markus
name: Kratzer, Alexander
name: Dorn, Christoph
name: Arshad, Usman
name: Kofler, Mario
name: Helbok, Raimund
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Piperacillin, Cerebral microdialysis, Acute hemorrhagic stroke, Population pharmacokinetics, Probability of target attainment
subject: 615 Pharmazie

description: Background: The broad antibacterial spectrum of piperacillin/tazobactam makes the combination suitable for the treatment of nosocomial bacterial central nervous system (CNS) infections. As limited data are available regarding piperacillin CNS exposure in patients without or with low-grade inflammation, a clinical study was conducted (1) to quantify CNS exposure of piperacillin by cerebral microdialysis and (2) to evaluate different dosing regimens in order to improve probability of target attainment (PTA) in brain. Methods: Ten acute hemorrhagic stroke patients (subarachnoid hemorrhage, n = 6; intracerebral hemorrhage, n = 4) undergoing multimodality neuromonitoring received 4 g piperacillin/0.5 g tazobactam every 8 h by 30-min infusions for the management of healthcare-associated pneumonia. Cerebral microdialysis was performed as part of the clinical neuromonitoring routine, and brain interstitial fluid samples were retrospectively analyzed for piperacillin concentrations after the first and after multiple doses for at least 5 days and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Population pharmacokinetic modeling and Monte Carlo simulations with various doses and types of infusions were performed to predict exposure. A T>MIC of 50% was selected as pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target parameter. Results: Median peak concentrations of unbound piperacillin in brain interstitial space fluid were 1.16 (range 0.08-3.59) and 2.78 (range 0.47-7.53) mg/L after the first dose and multiple doses, respectively. A one-compartment model with a transit compartment and a lag time (for the first dose) between systemic and brain exposure was appropriate to describe the brain concentrations. Bootstrap median estimates of the parameters were: transfer rate from plasma to brain (0.32 h-1), transfer rate from brain to plasma (7.31 h-1), and lag time [2.70 h (coefficient of variation 19.7%)]. The simulations suggested that PTA would exceed 90% for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) up to 0.5 mg/L and 1 mg/L at a dose of 12-16 and 24 g/day, respectively, regardless of type of infusion. For higher MICs, PTA dropped significantly. Conclusion: Limited CNS exposure of piperacillin might be an obstacle in treating patients without general meningeal inflammation except for infections with highly susceptible pathogens. Brain exposure of piperacillin did not improve significantly with a prolongation of infusions.
Ultrafast changes in lattice symmetry probed by coherent phonons
Creators: name: Wall, Simon
name: Wegkamp, Daniel
name: Foglia, Laura
name: Nag, Joyeeta
name: Haglund, Richard F.
name: Staehler, Julia
name: Wolf, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic and structural properties of a material are strongly determined by its symmetry. Changing the symmetry via a photoinduced phase transition offers new ways to manipulate material properties on ultrafast timescales. However, in order to identify when and how fast these phase transitions occur, methods that can probe the symmetry change in the time domain are required. We show that a time-dependent change in the coherent phonon spectrum can probe a change in symmetry of the lattice potential, thus providing an all-optical probe of structural transitions. We examine the photoinduced structural phase transition in VO2 and show that, above the phase transition threshold, photoexcitation completely changes the lattice potential on an ultrafast timescale. The loss of the equilibrium-phase phonon modes occurs promptly, indicating a non-thermal pathway for the photoinduced phase transition, where a strong perturbation to the lattice potential changes its symmetry before ionic rearrangement has occurred.
description: 14 pages 4 figures
Haag duality and the distal split property for cones in the toric code
Creators: name: Naaijkens, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81R15 (Primary) 46L60, 81T05, 82B20 (Secondary)

description: We prove that Haag duality holds for cones in the toric code model. That is, for a cone Lambda, the algebra R_Lambda of observables localized in Lambda and the algebra R_{Lambda^c} of observables localized in the complement Lambda^c generate each other's commutant as von Neumann algebras. Moreover, we show that the distal split property holds: if Lambda_1 \subset Lambda_2 are two cones whose boundaries are well separated, there is a Type I factor N such that R_{Lambda_1} \subset N \subset R_{Lambda_2}. We demonstrate this by explicitly constructing N.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, v2: extended introduction
Power Allocation and Spectrum Sharing in Multi-User, Multi-Channel Systems with Strategic Users
Creators: name: Kakhbod, Ali
name: Teneketzis, Demosthenis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the decentralized power allocation and spectrum sharing problem in multi-user, multi-channel systems with strategic users. We present a mechanism/game form that has the following desirable features. (1) It is individually rational. (2) It is budget balanced at every Nash equilibrium of the game induced by the game form as well as off equilibrium. (3) The allocation corresponding to every Nash equilibrium (NE) of the game induced by the mechanism is a Lindahl allocation, that is a weakly Pareto optimal allocation. Our proposed game form/mechanism achieves all the above desirable properties without any assumption about, concavity, differentiability, monotonicity, or quasi-linearity of the users' utility functions.
Assessing the quality of weight loss information on the German language web
Creators: name: Meyer, Selina
name: Elsweiler, David
name: Ludwig, Bernd
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Weight-loss; quality of information; web search; credibility assessment; information seeking
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: This article examines the quality of weight loss information on the German language web and studies how websites, likely to be accessed via popular web search engines, are evaluated by end users. Sixty-five websites were identified and qualitatively examined with respect to content quality as defined by the literature, as well as meta information on design and structure of the page. In a further step, the same web pages were evaluated by non-expert users in an online study. Deficiencies were found, both in terms of the quality of information on the websites, and with respect to the search behaviour and the rating competence of users. Many of the examined web pages showed little or no relevance for weight loss and 46% of the pages covered a maximum of only 3 of the 18 content criteria. Significant differences in results were identified for websites of different type. Media websites covered most criteria (M = 5.5, SD = 2.66), followed by commercial sites (M = 4.10, SD = 2.54). Nonprofit sites contained the fewest content criteria (M = 2.72, SD = 2.7), but made the least number of unsubstantiated claims and met the most design criteria. In the majority of cases, agreement between participant ratings was found to be poor to moderate. They also generally found fewer content criteria than the gold standard suggested, but gave higher quality ratings and underestimated the proportion of unsubstantiated claims. We conclude that users have low expectations for weight loss information on the Internet or are influenced by criteria other than content when assessing quality.
Sliding Mode Control of Two-Level Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Dong, Daoyi
name: Petersen, Ian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper proposes a robust control method based on sliding mode design for two-level quantum systems with bounded uncertainties. An eigenstate of the two-level quantum system is identified as a sliding mode. The objective is to design a control law to steer the system's state into the sliding mode domain and then maintain it in that domain when bounded uncertainties exist in the system Hamiltonian. We propose a controller design method using the Lyapunov methodology and periodic projective measurements. In particular, we give conditions for designing such a control law, which can guarantee the desired robustness in the presence of the uncertainties. The sliding mode control method has potential applications to quantum information processing with uncertainties.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Automatica
Comparing Wizard of Oz & Observational Studies for Conversational IR Evaluation: Lessons Learned from These two Diverse Approaches
Creators: name: Elsweiler, David
name: Frummet, Alexander
name: Harvey, Morgan
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Conversational search, Evaluation
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: Systematic and repeatable measurement of information systems via test collections, the Cranfield model, has been the mainstay of Information Retrieval since the 1960s. However, this may not be appropriate for newer, more interactive systems, such as Conversational Search agents. Such systems rely on Machine Learning technologies, which are not yet sufficiently advanced to permit true human-like dialogues, and so research can be enabled by simulation via human agents. In this work we compare dialogues obtained from two studies with the same context, assistance in the kitchen, but with different experimental setups, allowing us to learn about and evaluate conversational IR systems. We discover that users adapt their behaviour when they think they are interacting with a system and that human-like conversations in one of the studies were unpredictable to an extent we did not expect. Our results have implications for the development of new studies in this area and, ultimately, the design of future conversational agents.
A Nationwide Analysis of Community‐Level Floodplain Development Outcomes and Key Influences
Creators: name: Hino, Miyuki
name: Mach, Katharine J.
name: Samoray, Christopher
name: Siders, A. R.
name: Agopian, Armen
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Year: 2024

description: Development patterns and climate change are contributing to increasing flood risk across the United States. Limiting development in floodplains mitigates risk by reducing the assets and population exposed to flooding. Here, we develop two indexes measuring floodplain development for 18,548 communities across the continental United States. We combine land use, impervious surface, and housing data with regulatory flood maps to determine what proportion of new development has taken place in the floodplain. Nationwide from 2001 to 2019, 2.1 million acres of floodplain land were developed, and 844,000 residential properties were built in the floodplain. However, contrary to conventional perceptions of rampant floodplain development, just 26% of communities nationwide have developed in floodplains more than would be expected given the hazard they face. The indexes and the analyses they enable can help guide targeted interventions to improve flood risk management, to explore underlying drivers of flood exposure, and to inform how local‐to‐federal policy choices can be leveraged to limit hazardous development.
Plain Language Summary Development in areas prone to flooding increases flood risk by increasing the exposure of people and infrastructure. Reducing or limiting development in hazardous areas can be a critical way for communities to manage flood risk. In this study, we use national flood hazard, impervious surface, and housing data sets to create two indexes measuring the extent of floodplain development across the United States from 2001 to 2019. Surprisingly, we find that despite seemingly large aggregate numbers, most communities have actually limited hazardous development when we account for how much of their developable land is in the floodplain. We show that floodplain development outcomes vary across key influences, including geography, wealth, and flood risk management efforts. Our indexes enable comparisons across community contexts, potentially unlocking important lessons for effective floodplain management. Proactive, climate‐smart land use planning will be key to ensuring resilient growth for communities moving forward.
Key Points    Substantial development took place in floodplains across the US from 2001 to 2019 but less than expected given the extent of flood hazards   Floodplain development outcomes vary across a number of key factors, including geography, socioeconomics, and flood risk management   Nationwide indexes capturing local outcomes enable evaluation of floodplain management policies and drivers of floodplain development
A Type System for the Vectorial Aspect of the Linear-Algebraic Lambda-Calculus
Creators: name: Arrighi, Pablo
name: Díaz-Caro, Alejandro
name: Valiron, Benoît
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We describe a type system for the linear-algebraic lambda-calculus. The type system accounts for the part of the language emulating linear operators and vectors, i.e. it is able to statically describe the linear combinations of terms resulting from the reduction of programs. This gives rise to an original type theory where types, in the same way as terms, can be superposed into linear combinations. We show that the resulting typed lambda-calculus is strongly normalizing and features a weak subject-reduction.
description: In Proceedings DCM 2011, arXiv:1207.6821
Heart rhythm changes in eating disorders
Creators: name: Janzen, Mikyla
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disorder with the highest mortality rate of any eating disorder. A subset of these deaths may be sudden and attributed to cardiac rhythm changes which may be present during acute AN. Specifically, the repolarization phase of each heartbeat, as visualized by the QT interval on electrocardiogram (ECG), has been suggested as a potential prognostic tool. In addition, many AN patients are prescribed psychopharmacotherapy to treat concurrent depression and/or anxiety which may accentuate ECG changes. Through four research studies, this thesis explored three hypotheses: 1. Comprehensive cardiac testing is an effective and cost-efficient means of evaluation. 2. Psychopharmacotherapy will alter the ECG in eating disorders 3. Cardiac repolarization in AN will differ from healthy controls at rest and during exercise. In the first study, Hypothesis 1 was tested by means of a cost analysis of patients referred for inherited heart rhythm disorder evaluation. Analyses revealed multidisciplinary cardiac testing was effective and did not incur unreasonably high costs. Secondly, a retrospective case-control ECG review was conducted to evaluate Hypotheses 2 and 3. The QT interval was not clinically different between eating disorder patients and healthy controls, but patients were more likely to show T-wave flattening or inversion on ECG, which have been previously associated with SUD risk. Thirdly, Hypothesis 3 was further analyzed through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature surrounding the resting QT interval in AN. Again, there was no difference in the QT interval, but AN patients had greater QT dispersion (interlead difference on ECG) compared to controls. QT dispersion has also been linked to increased SUD risk. Finally, we are prospectively assessing the ECG during modified exercise in eating disorder patients to further explore Hypothesis 3. Preliminary data suggest QT dynamics as heartrate increases may be abnormal. Overall, it appears that the resting QT interval may not be a direct marker of SUD risk in AN. However, more subtle markers of repolarization abnormality such as T-wave changes and QT dispersion may be superior at rest. During exercise, QT interval dynamics may regain relevance in assessing SUD risk.
Algebraic supergroups with Lie superalgebras of classical type
Creators: name: Fioresi, Rita
name: Gavarini, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M30, 14A22 (Primary) 58A50, 17B50 (Secondary)

description: We show that every connected affine algebraic supergroup defined over a field k, with diagonalizable maximal torus and whose tangent Lie superalgebra is a k-form of a complex simple Lie superalgebra of classical type is a Chevalley supergroup, as it is defined and constructed explicitly in [R. Fioresi, F. Gavarini, "Chevalley Supergroups", Memoirs of the AMS 215 (2012), no. 1014].
description: La-TeX file, 17 pages. Final accepted version (after the referee's remarks). To appear in "Journal of Lie Theory"
Omics Integration Analyses Reveal the Early Evolution of Malignancy in Breast Cancer
Creators: name: Sarhadi, Shamim
name: Salehzadeh-Yazdi, Ali
name: Damaghi, Mehdi
name: Zarghami, Nosratollah
name: Wolkenhauer, Olaf
name: Hosseini, Hedayatollah
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: breast cancer; cancer evolution; omics data integration; machine learning; forward and backward evolution
subject: 610 Medizin

description: The majority of cancer evolution studies involve individual-based approaches that neglect the population dynamics necessary to build a global picture of cancer evolution for each cancer type. Here, we conducted a population-based study in breast cancer to understand the timing of malignancy evolution and its correlation to the genetic evolution of pathological stages. In an omics integrative approach, we integrated gene expression and genomic aberration data for pre-invasive (ductal carcinoma in situ; DCIS, early-stage) and post-invasive (invasive ductal carcinoma; IDC, late-stage) samples and investigated the evolutionary role of further genetic changes in later stages compared to the early ones. We found that single gene alterations (SGAs) and copy-number alterations (CNAs) work together in forward and backward evolution manners to fine-tune the signaling pathways operating in tumors. Analyses of the integrated point mutation and gene expression data showed that (i) our proposed fine-tuning concept is also applicable to metastasis, and (ii) metastases sometimes diverge from the primary tumor at the DCIS stage. Our results indicated that the malignant potency of breast tumors is constant over the pre- and post-invasive pathological stages. Indeed, further genetic alterations in later stages do not establish de novo malignancy routes; however, they serve to fine-tune antecedent signaling pathways.
The formation and adjustment of a pool-riffle sequence in a gravel bed flume
Creators: name: Buckrell, Emma
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Pool-riffle sequences are a dominant morphological feature found in a wide range of fluvial environments. The hydraulic and sedimentological complexity that they impart provides important aquatic habitat, resulting in their increasing implementation in river restoration projects, despite the fact that there are still many inconsistencies in the literature relating to the processes involved in their formation and maintenance. The main research objective was to study the formation, adjustment, and maintenance of pool-riffle morphology in gravel bed rivers. A variable width, mobile-bed flume was configured as a model of a pool-riffle reach in East Creek, British Columbia, and the development of a pool-riffle sequence under bankfull discharge, and subsequent adjustment to increased discharges were studied. The central pool-riffle sequence developed around a major width constriction and persisted in that location throughout the entirety of the experiment, increasing in amplitude in response to increased discharge. Bed texture was initially quite variable, but became relatively constant throughout the entire flume near equilibrium, including the pool and riffle. Hydraulic parameter reversals from low to high flow were observed between the pool and riffle, including water surface slope, section averaged velocity, and bed shear stress. Particle mobility was higher in the pool, but the virtual velocities of mobile particles were constant until the highest discharge. Evidence of secondary flow patterns was recorded in the pool, which could suggest a maintenance process in addition to velocity reversal. These results should inform future studies and design projects on pools and riffles, especially in relation to their behaviour during flood events.
Predictors of functional improvement in the short term after MitraClip implantation in patients with secondary mitral regurgitation
Creators: name: Paulus, Michael G.
name: Meindl, Christine
name: Böhm, Lukas
name: Holzapfel, Magdalena
name: Hamerle, Michael
name: Schach, Christian
name: Maier, Lars S.
name: Debl, Kurt
name: Unsöld, Bernhard
name: Birner, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background and objectives MitraClip implantation is an established therapy for secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) in high-risk patients and has shown to improve several important outcome parameters such as functional capacity. Patient selection is both challenging and crucial for achieving therapeutic success. This study investigated baseline predictors of functional improvement as it was quantified by the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) after transcatheter mitral valve repair. Methods and results We retrospectively analyzed 79 patients with secondary MR treated with MitraClip implantation at an academic tertiary care center. Before and four weeks after the procedure, all patients underwent comprehensive clinical assessment, six-minute walk tests and echocardiography. 6MWD significantly improved after MitraClip therapy (295 m vs. 265 m, p < 0.001). A linear regression model including seven clinical baseline variables significantly predicted the change in 6MWD (p = 0.002, R2 = 0.387). Female gender, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension were found to be significant negative predictors of 6MWD improvement. At baseline, female patients had significant higher left ventricular ejection fraction (49% vs. 42%, p = 0.019) and lower 6MWD (240 m vs. 288 m, p = 0.034) than male patients. Conclusion MitraClip implantation in secondary MR significantly improves functional capacity in high-risk patients even in the short term of four weeks after the procedure. Female gender, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are baseline predictors of a less favourable functional outcome. While further validation in a larger cohort is recommended, these parameters may improve patient selection for MitraClip therapy.