cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
HARTS: High-Threshold, Adaptively Secure, and Robust Threshold Schnorr Signatures
Creators: name: Bacho, Renas
name: Loss, Julian
name: Stern, Gilad
name: Wagner, Benedikt
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: Threshold variants of the Schnorr signature scheme have recently been at the center of attention due to their applications to Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other cryptocurrencies.
However, existing constructions for threshold Schnorr signatures among a set of n parties with corruption threshold t_c suffer from at least one of the following drawbacks: (i) security only against static (i.e., non-adaptive) adversaries, (ii) cubic or higher communication cost to generate a single signature, (iii) strong synchrony assumptions on the network, or (iv) t_c+1 are sufficient to generate a signature, i.e., the corruption threshold of the scheme equals its reconstruction threshold. Especially (iv) turns out to be a severe limitation for many asynchronous real-world applications where t_c < n/3 is necessary to maintain liveness, but a higher signing threshold of n-t_c is needed. A recent scheme, ROAST, proposed by Ruffing et al. (ACM CCS `22) addresses (iii) and (iv), but still falls short of obtaining subcubic complexity and adaptive security.

In this work, we present HARTS, the first threshold Schnorr signature scheme to incorporate all these desiderata. More concretely:

- HARTS is adaptively secure and remains fully secure and operational even under asynchronous network conditions in the presence of up to t_c < n/3 malicious parties. This is optimal.

- HARTS outputs a Schnorr signature of size lambda with a near-optimal amortized communication cost of O(lambda n^2 log n) bits and a single online round per signature.

- HARTS is a high-threshold scheme: no fewer than t_r+1 signature shares can be combined to yield a full signature, where any t_r in [t_c,n-t_c) is supported. This especially covers the case t_r >= 2n/3 > 2t_c. This is optimal.

We prove our result in a modular fashion in the algebraic group model. At the core of our construction, we design a new simple and adaptively secure high-threshold AVSS scheme which may be of independent interest.
Conditional lower bounds for sparse parameterized 2-CSP: A streamlined proof
Creators: name: Karthik, CS
name: Marx, Dániel
name: Pilipczuk, Marcin
name: Souza, Uéverton
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: Abstract Assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH), a result of Marx (ToC’10) implies that there is no time algorithm that can solve 2-CSPs with k constraints (over a domain of arbitrary large size n) for any computable function f. This lower bound is widely used to show that certain parameterized problems cannot be solved in time time (assuming the ETH). The purpose of this note is to give a streamlined proof of this result.
Synchronous Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Cianfrani, F.
name: Montani, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The implications of restricting the covariance principle within a Gaussian gauge are developed both on a classical and a quantum level. Hence, we investigate the cosmological issues of the obtained Schrödinger Quantum Gravity with respect to the asymptotically early dynamics of a generic Universe. A dualism between time and the reference frame fixing is then inferred.
description: 8 pages, Proceedings of the II Stueckelberg workshop
A systematic study of photoionized emission and warm absorption signatures of the NLS1 Mrk 335
Creators: name: Liu, H.
name: Parker, M. L.
name: Jiang, J.
name: Kara, E.
name: Bambi, Cosimo
name: Grupe, D.
name: Komossa, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of all the archival high resolution spectra of the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk~335 obtained with Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) on board \textit{XMM-Newton}. The spectra show rich emission and absorption features in low and intermediate flux intervals. We model the emission lines with the \textsc{pion\_xs} grid and try to find any possible correlation between the properties of the emitting gas and the source flux. Current data does not allow detailed trace of the response of the line emitting gas to the X-ray flux of Mrk~335, but the flux of the X-ray lines is significantly less variable than the X-ray continuum. We also find that the warm absorber's properties are not correlated with the flux variability. From the latest \textit{XMM-Newton} observation in 2019 December, we find that the photoionized emission and distant reflection components have not responded to the flux drop of Mrk~335 from 2018 July. However, the possible existence of partial covering absorber in the 2018--2019 low state of Mrk~335 makes it difficult to constrain the scale of the emitting gas using this lack of response.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
A trilinear method for finding null points in a 3D vector space
Creators: name: Haynes, Andrew L.
name: Parnell, Clare E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Null points are important locations in vector fields, such as a magnetic field. A new technique (a trilinear method for finding null points) is presented for finding null points over a large grid of points, such as those derived from a numerical experiment. The method was designed so that the null points found would agree with any fieldlines traced using the commonly used trilinear interpolation. It is split into three parts: reduction, analysis and positioning, which, when combined, provide an efficient means of locating null points to a user-defined sub-grid accuracy. We compare the results of the trilinear method with that of a method based on the Poincare index, and discuss the accuracy and limitations of both methods.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physics of Plasmas
Phonon bottleneck in the low-excitation limit
Creators: name: Garanin, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phonon-bottleneck problem in the relaxation of two-level systems (spins) via direct phonon processes is considered numerically in the weak-excitation limit where the Schroedinger equation for the spin-phonon system simplifies. The solution for the relaxing spin excitation p(t), emitted phonons n_k(t), etc. is obtained in terms of the exact many-body eigenstates. In the absence of phonon damping Gamma_{ph} and inhomogeneous broadening, p(t) approaches the bottleneck plateau p_\infty > 0 with strongly damped oscillations, the frequency being related to the spin-phonon splitting Delta at the avoided crossing. For any Gamma_{ph} > 0 one has p(t) -> 0 but in the case of strong bottleneck the spin relaxation rate is much smaller than Gamma_{ph} and p(t) is nonexponential. Inhomogeneous broadening exceeding Delta partially alleviates the bottleneck and removes oscillations of p(t). The line width of emitted phonons, as well as Delta, increase with the strength of the bottleneck, i.e., with the concentration of spins.
description: 16 PR pages, 14 Figure captions, submitted to PRB. The whole text does dot fit here. Please, get the correct file from http://www.lehman.edu/faculty/dgaranin/Bottleneck2.pdf
Privacy Mental Models of Electronic Health Records: A German Case Study.
Creators: name: Panskus, Rebecca
name: Ninow, Max
name: Fahl, Sascha
name: Marky, Karola
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: Central digitization of health records bears the potential for better patient care, e.g., by having more accurate diagnoses or placing less burden on patients to inform doctors about their medical history. On the flip side, having electronic health records (EHRs) has privacy implications. Hence, the data management infrastructure needs to be designed and used with care. Otherwise, patients might reject the digitization of their records, or the data might be misused. Germany, in particular, is currently introducing centralized EHRs nationwide. We took this effort as a case study and captured privacy mental models of EHRs. We present and discuss findings of an interview study where we investigated expectations towards EHRs and perceptions of the German infrastructure. Most participants were positive but skeptical, yet expressed a variety of misconceptions, especially regarding data exchange with health insurance providers and read-write access to their EHRs. Based on our results, we make recommendations for digital infrastructure providers, such as developers, system designers, and healthcare providers.
Additional file 2 of Tuberculosis (TB) in the refugee camps in Ethiopia: trends of case notification, profile, and treatment outcomes, 2014 to 2017
Creators: name: Tsegay Legesse
name: Goitom Admenur
name: Selemawit Gebregzabher
name: Eyob Woldegebriel
name: Bexabeh Fantahun
name: Yemane Tsegay
name: Abeyot Bayssa
name: Berihu Darge
name: Yidnekachew Denbu
name: Hayelom Michalel
name: Kibebew Abera
name: Alemayeh, Abraham
name: Dejene Kebede
name: Kasa, Desta
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2:. Definitions.
Hopes for Siwa's future
Creators: name: Souag, Lameen
Publisher: name: Pangloss
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Linguistique
subject: Siwi

description: Sherif Bougdoura considers his hopes for Siwa's future, involving a return to agricultural self-sufficiency. A directly previous effort to record this had failed, provoking a brief disappointed exchange in Arabic between the participants at the beginning of this recording. Lameen Souag had proposed this topic in the hope that it would yield many examples of the irrealis ("aorist"), as indeed it did. Recorded in Siwa on 21 May 2012 to a file named STE-085.wav.
การประเมินความจาเพาะของไพรเมอร์ที่ใช้ตรวจ Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica (Evaluation of the Specificity of Published Primers for Detecting Salmonella  entericasubspecies enterica)
Creators: name: อุไรวรรณ นาคเขียว
Publisher: name: Genetics Society of Thailand
Year: 2013
Subjects: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica, PCR, specific primer

description: S1 (Special Issue 1), S.1, Thai Journal of Genetics
Elementary particle interaction from a Kaluza-Klein scheme
Creators: name: Cianfrani, F.
name: Montani, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss properties of particles and fields in a multi-dimensional space-time, where the geometrization of gauge interactions can be performed. As far as spinors are concerned, we outline how the gauge coupling can be recognized by a proper dependence on extra-coordinates and by the dimensional reduction procedure. Finally applications to the Electro-Weak model are presented.
description: 8 pages, Proceedings of the II Stueckelberg workshop
Electronic properties of the armchair graphene nanoribbon
Creators: name: Rozhkov, A. V.
name: Savel'ev, S.
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electronic band structure of an undoped graphene armchair nanoribbon. We demonstrate that such nanoribbon always has a gap in its electronic spectrum. Indeed, even in the situations where simple single-electron calculations predict a metallic dispersion, the system is unstable with respect to the deformation of the carbon-carbon bonds dangling at the edges of the armchair nanoribbon. The edge bonds' deformation couples electron and hole states with equal momentum. This coupling opens a gap at the Fermi level. In a realistic sample, however, it is unlikely that this instability could be observed in its pure form. Namely, since chemical properties of the dangling carbon atoms are different from chemical properties of the atoms inside the sample (for example, the atoms at the edge have only two neighbours, besides additional non-carbon atoms might be attached to passivate unpaired covalent carbon bonds), it is very probable that the bonds at the edge are deformed due to chemical interactions. This chemically-induced modification of the nanoribbon's edges can be viewed as an effective field biasing our predicted instability in a particular direction. Yet by disordering this field (e.g., through random substitution of the radicals attached to the edges) we may tune the system back to the critical regime and vary the electronic properties of the system. For example, we show that electrical transport through a nanoribbon is strongly affected by such disorder.
description: 12 pages, 4 figure
Photosensitizing thiophenes from the Tageteae
Creators: name: Downum, Kelsey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Two separate aspects involving the thiophenes of the Tageteae (Asteraceae) were investigated. The first concerned the distribution of four thiophenes in Tagetes patula L. which were examined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The derivatives were found to be differentially distributed throughout hydroponically grown plants. The predominant thiophenes in roots were 5-(4-acetoxy-1-butenyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (BBT-OAc) and 5-(buten-3-ynyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (BBT). BBT-OAc was the main derivative in shoots, whereas 2,2':5',2''-terthienyl (alpha-T) was the major compound in flower petals. BBT and one unidentified compound were found to occur in leaf glands. The levels of BBT-OAc in shoots and BBT-OAc and BBT in roots increased over the life of the plant and reached a plateau following flowering. Alpha-T in roots and both alpha-T and BBT in shoots remained at low levels over the life of the plant while 5-(4-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (BBT-OH) was found to be an minor component of roots or shoots. Fourteen species from four genera of the tribe Tageteae were also screened for the presence of thiophenes by HPLC. Representatives of Dyssodia, Porophyllum, and Tagetes all contained thiophenes, but none were detected in species of Pectis. The second part of this study concerned the photobiocidal effects of isolated thiophenes on Escherichia coli B which was used as a model biological system. Alpha-terthienyl (alpha-T), in the presence of UV-A irradiation (320nm-400nm), was found to be a Type II photosensitizer which required oxygen for the expression of biological activity. Scavenger studies with sodium azide and BHT suggested that both singlet oxygen and superoxide were generated by the photosensitized reaction. Cellular inactivation by alpha-T was sensitive to temperature and studies with recombination deficient mutants of E. coli K-12 did not indicate that damage to cellular DNA occurred. Proteins were found to be substantially affected by the photoactivated reaction. SDS-gel electrophoresis revealed that both cytoplasmic and membrane-associated proteins might be. crosslinked following treatment with alpha-T and UV-A.
Learning Broadcast Protocols with LeoParDS
Creators: name: Izsak, Noa
name: Fisman, Dana
name: Jacobs, Swen
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: LeoParDS is a new tool for learning broadcast protocols (BPs) from a set of positive and negative example traces. It is the first tool that enables learning of a distributed computational model in a parameterized setting, i.e., with a parametric number of processes running the BP concurrently. We describe the tool along a running example, discuss some implementation details, and present experimental results on randomly generated BPs.
Energy relaxation of superconducting charge qubit via Andreev processes
Creators: name: Lutchyn, R. M.
name: Glazman, L. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study fundamental limitations on the energy relaxation rate of a superconducting charge qubit with a large-gap Cooper-pair box, $Δ_b > Δ_r$. At a sufficiently large mismatch between the gap energies in the box $Δ_b$ and in the reservoir $Δ_r$,"quasiparticle poisoning" becomes ineffective even in the presence of nonequilibrium quasiparticles in the reservoir. The qubit relaxation still may occur due to higher-order (Andreev) processes. In this paper we evaluate the qubit energy relaxation rate due to Andreev processes.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures (accepted to Phys. Rev. B)
title: Conflict and security in the former Soviet Union : the role of the OSCE.
Creators: name: Freire, Maria Raquel de Sousa
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: This thesis aims to clarify the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)'s approach to post-Cold War tensions and conflicts in the former Soviet area, the extent to which the new procedures, mechanisms and instruments developed by the organisation are useful, and how the OSCE's activities may reveal innovative contributions to conflict studies. An integrating analysis is needed, not only of the OSCE's development. but also of the numerous aspects conditioning OSCE approaches in the former Soviet space. particularly the involvement of other international organisations and the role of the Russian Federation. In this sense. OSCE activities take place in a complex environment that demands a comprehensive addressing of the different factors. at times limiting and at others strengthening the organisation's reach. How this interplay takes place and the extent to which it affects the OSCE's role in the former Soviet space is a fundamental question. Starting from the theoretical conceptualisation where the OSCE's approaches and procedures fit. this analysis includes the organisation's new tools to address conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation. How it renders the new procedures and instruments operational, how its institutions inter-relate and the extent to which its principles and activities are extended to its wide area are analysed. The role of the OSCE Field Missions in the former Soviet Union is stressed in this regard. demonstrating how the organisation applies commitments to reality. The focus on the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Moldova, as two case-studies of OSCE involvement in the former Soviet Union area, show the organisation's preventive efforts and crisis settlement tools in practical terms. The case-studies demonstrate the encompassing approaches of the organisation in the field, permitting us to infer on its limits and possibilities and to shed light on the OSCE's possible innovative contributions to conflict studies.
How can European Platform Entrepreneurship succeed?
Creators: name: Krell, Tina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: European Platform Entrepreneurship
digital platforms
platform business

description: HIIG researcher Tina Krell had the opportunity to interview Aleksandar Orlić from Randevu.tech. Together they talked about platform entrepreneurship in Europe and the opportunities as well as challenges of the future. The conversation draws on Berlin-
 based Orlić’s wealth of experience with start-ups and the tech sector. The focus is on how innovation can make platform entrepreneurship more accessible.
Setting the boundary free in AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Compère, Geoffrey
name: Marolf, Don
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new class of boundary conditions for AdS_{d+1} under which the boundary metric becomes a dynamical field. The key technical point is to show that contributions from boundary counter-terms in the bulk gravitational action render such fluctuations normalizable. In the context of AdS/CFT, the analogue of Neumann boundary conditions for AdS promotes the CFT metric to a dynamical field but adds no explicit gravitational dynamics; the gravitational dynamics is just that induced by the conformal fields. Other AdS boundary conditions couple the CFT to a gravity theory of choice. We use this correspondence to briefly explore the coupled CFT + gravity theories and, in particular, for d=3 we show that coupling topologically massive gravity to a large N CFT preserves the perturbative stability of the theory with negative (3-dimensional) Newton's constant.
description: 21 pages + 14 pages app, add comments on susy and EM duality, add ref
NeuRes: A Neural Resolution Prover of Unsatisfiability
Creators: name: Ghanem, Mohamed Abdelhamid
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: We introduce NeuRes, a neuro-symbolic generative model for proving Boolean unsatisfiability using resolution. A resolution proof is a sequence of case distinctions ending in the empty clause (falsum). Similar propositional logic tasks have proven fertile grounds for neuro-symbolic methods such as NeuroSAT. However, these methods often lack easily verifiable certificates for unsatisfiability to support their predictions, whereby verifying their output effectively requires solving the satisfiability problem again. In contrast, resolution proofs produced by NeuRes provide an easily checkable certificate for unsatisfiability. We introduce a general architecture that adapts elements from Graph Neural Networks and Pointer Networks to autoregressively select pairs of nodes from a dynamic graph structure. Our model is trained and evaluated on a dataset of expert proofs that we compiled with the same formula distribution used by NeuroSAT. Compared to previous methods, we demonstrate NeuRes to be more data efficient, requiring only 8K training formulas to concisely prove unsatisfiability for 92.84% of unseen test formulas. In addition to the high success rate of our model, we further demonstrate its ability to largely shorten teacher proofs in a bootstrapped fashion with no extra guidance.
Additional file 1 of The Frailty In Residential Sector over Time (FIRST) study: methods and baseline cohort description
Creators: name: Jadczak, Agathe Daria
name: Robson, Leonie
name: Cooper, Tina
name: J. Simon Bell
name: Visvanathan, Renuka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. FIRST Study Data Collection Booklet.
Near-infrared wavefront sensing for the VLT interferometer
Creators: name: Hippler, Stefan
name: Brandner, Wolfgang
name: Clénet, Yann
name: Hormuth, Felix
name: Gendron, Eric
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Klein, Ralf
name: Lenzen, Rainer
name: Meschke, Daniel
name: Naranjo, Vianak
name: Neumann, Udo
name: Ramos, José Ricardo
name: Rohloff, Ralf-Rainer
name: Eisenhauer, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The very large telescope (VLT) interferometer (VLTI) in its current operating state is equipped with high-order adaptive optics (MACAO) working in the visible spectrum. A low-order near-infrared wavefront sensor (IRIS) is available to measure non-common path tilt aberrations downstream the high-order deformable mirror. For the next generation of VLTI instrumentation, in particular for the designated GRAVITY instrument, we have examined various designs of a four channel high-order near-infrared wavefront sensor. Particular objectives of our study were the specification of the near-infrared detector in combination with a standard wavefront sensing system. In this paper we present the preliminary design of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor operating in the near-infrared wavelength range, which is capable of measuring the wavefronts of four telescopes simultaneously. We further present results of our design study, which aimed at providing a first instrumental concept for GRAVITY.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, to appear in "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II" SPIE conference, Marseille, 23-28 June 2008
Some Concerns About 'The Responsibility Not to Veto
Creators: name: Levine, Daniel
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2011
Subjects: responsibility not to veto
UN Security Council
genocide
mass atrocities

description: Ariela Blätter and Paul D. Williams propose that the international community could more effectively end serious abuses such as genocide and crimes against humanity if the permanent five members of the UN Security Council adopted a “responsibility not to veto;” that is, an informal agreement not to use their veto power when action to respond to genocide or mass atrocities is proposed and has the support of a simple majority on the Council. While there is much to recommend the proposal, it may not in fact promote the protection of civilians as it is intended to do. The historical record shows a number of instances where inappropriate military action was counterproductive to civilian protection, and it is not clear how easy it would have been for a military intervention to help rather than harm civilians in some cases in which intervention was not forthcoming. Ultimately, the RN2V proposal would be stronger if it were part of a package of more fundamental institutional changes, including improving the UN’s ability to respond to budding crises non-violently.
Interpolant-Based Transition Relation Approximation
Creators: name: Jhala, Ranjit
name: McMillan, Kenneth L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; F.3.1

description: In predicate abstraction, exact image computation is problematic, requiring in the worst case an exponential number of calls to a decision procedure. For this reason, software model checkers typically use a weak approximation of the image. This can result in a failure to prove a property, even given an adequate set of predicates. We present an interpolant-based method for strengthening the abstract transition relation in case of such failures. This approach guarantees convergence given an adequate set of predicates, without requiring an exact image computation. We show empirically that the method converges more rapidly than an earlier method based on counterexample analysis.
description: Conference Version at CAV 2005. 17 Pages, 9 Figures
Exploring deep and hot adiabats as a potential solution to the radius inflation problem in brown dwarfs: Long-timescale models of the deep atmospheres of KELT-1b, Kepler-13Ab, and SDSS1411B
Creators: name: Sainsbury-Martinez, F.
name: Casewell, S. L.
name: Lothringer, J. D.
name: Phillips, M. W.
name: Tremblin, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalously large radii of highly-irradiated gaseous exoplanets has long been a mystery. One mechanism suggested as a solution for hot Jupiters is the heating of the deep atmosphere via the vertical advection of potential temperature resulting in an increased internal entropy. Here we intend to explore if this mechanism can also explain the observed brown dwarf radii trend: a general increase in radius with irradiation, with an exception for highly-irradiated brown dwarfs orbiting white dwarfs. We use a 3D GCM, DYNAMICO, to run a series of long-timescale models of the atmospheres of Kepler-13Ab, KELT-1b, and SDSS1411B. These models allow us to explore not only if a stable advective adiabat can develop, but also the associated dynamics. We find that our models fall into two distinct regimes: Kepler-13Ab and KELT-1b both show signs of significant deep heating and hence maintain adiabats that are hotter than 1D models predict. On the other hand, SDSS1411B exhibits a much weaker downward heating profile which not only struggles to heat the interior under ideal conditions, but is highly sensitive to the presence of deep radiative dynamics. We find that the vertical advection of potential temperature by large-scale atmospheric circulations represents a robust mechanism to explain the trend of increasing inflation with irradiation, including the exception for highly irradiated brown dwarfs orbiting white dwarfs. This can be understood as occurring due to the role that increasing rotational influence plays on mid- to-high latitude advective dynamics. Furthermore, when paired with a suitable parametrisation of the outer atmosphere irradiation profile, this mechanism alone could potentially provide a complete explanation for the observed levels of inflation in our brown dwarfs.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Updated version with a fixed typo in the vertical enthalpy flux equation
Additional file 2 of The Frailty In Residential Sector over Time (FIRST) study: methods and baseline cohort description
Creators: name: Jadczak, Agathe Daria
name: Robson, Leonie
name: Cooper, Tina
name: J. Simon Bell
name: Visvanathan, Renuka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. FIRST Study 60-Item Frailty Index.
When Adversarial Perturbations meet Concept Drift: an Exploratory Analysis on ML-NIDS
Creators: name: Apruzzese, Giovanni
name: Fass, Aurore
name: Pierazzi, Fabio
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: We scrutinize the effects of “blind” adversarial perturbations against machine learning (ML)-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) affected by concept drift. There may be cases in which a real attacker – unable to access and hence unaware that the ML-NIDS is weakened by concept drift – attempts to evade the ML-NIDS with data perturbations. It is currently unknown if the cumulative effect of such adversarial perturbations and concept drift leads to a greater or lower impact on ML-NIDS. In this “open problem” paper, we seek to investigate this unusual, but realistic, setting—we are not interested in perfect knowledge attackers.

We begin by retrieving a publicly available dataset of documented network traces captured in a real, large (>300 hosts) organization. Overall, these traces include several years of raw traffic packets—both benign and malicious. Then, we adversarially manipulate malicious packets with “problem-space” perturbations, representing a physically realizable attack. Finally, we carry out the first exploratory analysis focused on comparing the effects of our “adversarial examples” with their respective unperturbed malicious variants in concept drift scenarios. Through two case studies (a “short-term” one of 8 days; and a “long-term” one of 4 years) encompassing 48 detectors, we find that, although our perturbations induce a lower detection rate in concept-drift scenarios, some perturbations yield adverse-effects for the attacker in intriguing use-cases. Overall, our study shows that the topics we covered are an still an open problem which require a re-assessment from future research.
Scalable Evaluation of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Melting Pot
Creators: name: Leibo, Joel Z.
name: Duéñez-Guzmán, Edgar
name: Vezhnevets, Alexander Sasha
name: Agapiou, John P.
name: Sunehag, Peter
name: Koster, Raphael
name: Matyas, Jayd
name: Beattie, Charles
name: Mordatch, Igor
name: Graepel, Thore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Existing evaluation suites for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) do not assess generalization to novel situations as their primary objective (unlike supervised-learning benchmarks). Our contribution, Melting Pot, is a MARL evaluation suite that fills this gap, and uses reinforcement learning to reduce the human labor required to create novel test scenarios. This works because one agent's behavior constitutes (part of) another agent's environment. To demonstrate scalability, we have created over 80 unique test scenarios covering a broad range of research topics such as social dilemmas, reciprocity, resource sharing, and task partitioning. We apply these test scenarios to standard MARL training algorithms, and demonstrate how Melting Pot reveals weaknesses not apparent from training performance alone.
description: Accepted to ICML 2021 and presented as a long talk; 33 pages; 9 figures
The role of the brothel monotypes in Degas’s development of the imagery of the nude
Creators: name: Young, Margaret Jane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Within the context of the revolution of subject matter in painting and sculpture that occurred during the nineteenth century, especially in the work of French painters, the imagery of the nude has been explored of late mostly with a view to illustrating the underlying sexism of these images and the degrading treatment of women as objects in these works. In this discussion, the work of Edgar Degas, an artist whose subject matter in his mature work is dominated by the nude, has been treated very little. Yet with Degas, the development of this imagery is particularly clearly demarcated throughout his career. The nudes of his early period, the history painting nudes, are very different than those of his mature work, those executed after c.1885. As well, the fact that Degas abandoned the subject for a period of almost twelve years would tend to indicate an abrupt change in his conception of the imagery from his early to his mature paintings. With the publication by Theodore Reff of Degas's notebooks, it is now possible to trace his development of the subject with firmer dates than was possible heretofore. As his first explorations of the subject in oil and pastel occur in 1879, it is then obvious that Degas's monotypes of bathers and brothels, executed c.1876-78, are his first real treatment of the nude of modern life, a discovery that makes the monotypes all important to this discussion. Further, it can be readily demonstrated upon close examination of these prints in relation to size, handling, motifs and poses that Degas did not consider the bathers and the prostitutes as two separate subjects and that the distinction is one imposed by later cataloguers of the monotypes. Degas's interest in the subject of prostitution is by no means an isolated case in the later nineteenth century in France. Other writers and artists chose it as one which conformed to the prevailing theories of naturalism as a truly modern theme. Nor did Degas ignore a long tradition of nineteenth century lithographs with naughty subjects in his depiction of the nudes. The interest in prostitution in this context and Degas's awareness of the lithographic tradition shed some light on the reaction of the press and audiences towards Degas's mature nudes that he exhibited in 1886. His public found the pastels and oils offensive, probably because the images did resemble the prints of the lithographers of the Romantic era and the paintings of similar subjects by other artists in the seventies and eighties whose subjects could be clearly identified with the subject of prostitution and were rejected by the official body, the annual Salon. Degas's later, mature nudes were regarded as slightly salacious subjects for many years and their initial reception by the public in the eighteen-eighties forms yet another chapter in the study of the changes in subject matter that were hotly debated in artistic circles during the nineteenth century and beyond.
Coupled-channels calculations of $^{16}$O+$^{16}$O fusion
Creators: name: Esbensen, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fusion data for $^{16}$O+$^{16}$O are analyzed by coupled-channels calculations. It is shown that the calculated cross sections are sensitive to the couplings to the $2^+$ and $3^-$ excitation channels even at low energies, where these channels are closed. The sensitivity to the ion-ion potential is investigated by applying a conventional Woods-Saxon potential and the M3Y+repulsion potential, consisting of the M3Y double-folding potential and a repulsive term that simulates the effect of the nuclear incompressibility. The best overall fit to the data is obtained with a M3Y+repulsion potential which produces a shallow potential in the entrance channel. The stepwise increase in measured fusion cross sections at high energies is also consistent with such a shallow potential. The steps are correlated with overcoming the barriers for the angular momenta $L$ = 12, 14, 16, and 18. To improve the fit to the low-energy data requires a shallower potential and this causes a even stronger hindrance of fusion at low energies. It is therefore difficult, based on the existing fusion data, to make an accurate extrapolation to energies that are of interest to astrophysics.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Unravelling CO adsorption on model single-atom catalysts
Creators: name: Hulva, Jan
name: Meier, Matthias
name: Bliem, Roland
name: Jakub, Zdenek
name: Kraushofer, Florian
name: Schmid, Michael
name: Diebold, Ulrike
name: Franchini, Cesare
name: Parkinson, Gareth S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding how the local environment of a single-atom catalyst affects stability and reactivity remains a significant challenge. We present an in-depth study of Cu1, Ag1, Au1, Ni1, Pd1, Pt1, Rh1, and Ir1 species on Fe3O4(001); a model support where all metals occupy the same 2-fold coordinated adsorption site upon deposition at room temperature. Surface science techniques revealed that CO adsorption strength at single metal sites differs from the respective metal surfaces and supported clusters. Charge transfer into the support modifies the d-states of the metal atom and the strength of the metal-CO bond. These effects could strengthen the bond (as for Ag1-CO) or weaken it (as for Ni1-CO), but CO-induced structural distortions reduce adsorption energies from those expected based on electronic structure alone. The extent of the relaxations depends on the local geometry and could be predicted by analogy to coordination chemistry.
title: Properties of finger pulp glomus tumor - High resolution ultrasonography and Magnetic resonance imaging findings
Creators: name: Gakher, Pragati
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Elastography
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound-Spectral Doppler
subject: Contrast agent-other
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics
subject: Pathology
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Anatomy and Functional Imaging

description: Clinical History: A 55 years old male presented with mild to moderate pain in the tip of little finger of right hand, which increased in cold temperature. Clinical examination showed point tenderness in fingertip predominantly at the pulp region. There was also bluish discolouration of fingertip (Fig.1). There was no history of trauma. Patient was referred for musculoskeletal ultrasonography (USG).

description: 55 years, male
title: 037- Fisherman from Marken (North Holland - Netherlands)
title: 037- Pêcheur côtier, maître de barques, de Marken (Hollande septentrionale - Pays-Bas)
Creators: name: Généro, Jean-Damien
name: Http://Id.Loc.Gov/Authorities/Names/Nr2002029967
name: F. Allan
name: Samuël-Mozes Coronel
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Images et édition numérique (XML, LaTeX, PDF) de *Pêcheur-côtier, maître de barques de l'île de Maren (Hollande septentrionale — Pays-Bas) (ouvrier chef de métier, dans le système du travail sans engagements) d'après les renseignements recueillis sur les lieux en 1862 par MM. S. Corone , docteur-médecin à Amsterdam et F. Allan, instituteur de la commune de Marken*, série 1, vol. 4, monographie n°37, 1862, p. 405-460.
description: Source: https://ouvriersdeuxmondes.huma-num.fr/monographie/pecheur-cotier-maitre-barques-marken-37
Backpropagated Neighborhood Aggregation for Accurate Training of Spiking Neural Networks
Creators: name: Yang, Yukun
name: Zhang, Wenrui
name: Li, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While backpropagation (BP) has been applied to spiking neural networks (SNNs) achieving encouraging results, a key challenge involved is to backpropagate a continuous-valued loss over layers of spiking neurons exhibiting discontinuous all-or-none firing activities. Existing methods deal with this difficulty by introducing compromises that come with their own limitations, leading to potential performance degradation. We propose a novel BP-like method, called neighborhood aggregation (NA), which computes accurate error gradients guiding weight updates that may lead to discontinuous modifications of firing activities. NA achieves this goal by aggregating finite differences of the loss over multiple perturbed membrane potential waveforms in the neighborhood of the present membrane potential of each neuron while utilizing a new membrane potential distance function. Our experiments show that the proposed NA algorithm delivers the state-of-the-art performance for SNN training on several datasets.
Additional file 3 of The Frailty In Residential Sector over Time (FIRST) study: methods and baseline cohort description
Creators: name: Jadczak, Agathe Daria
name: Robson, Leonie
name: Cooper, Tina
name: J. Simon Bell
name: Visvanathan, Renuka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. FIRST Study FRAIL-NH.
Age and Gender Prediction using Deep CNNs and Transfer Learning
Creators: name: Sheoran, Vikas
name: Joshi, Shreyansh
name: Bhayani, Tanisha R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The last decade or two has witnessed a boom of images. With the increasing ubiquity of cameras and with the advent of selfies, the number of facial images available in the world has skyrocketed. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in automatic age and gender prediction of a person using facial images. We in this paper focus on this challenging problem. Specifically, this paper focuses on age estimation, age classification and gender classification from still facial images of an individual. We train different models for each problem and we also draw comparisons between building a custom CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) architecture and using various CNN architectures as feature extractors, namely VGG16 pre-trained on VGGFace, Res-Net50 and SE-ResNet50 pre-trained on VGGFace2 dataset and training over those extracted features. We also provide baseline performance of various machine learning algorithms on the feature extraction which gave us the best results. It was observed that even simple linear regression trained on such extracted features outperformed training CNN, ResNet50 and ResNeXt50 from scratch for age estimation.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, 11 tables
Chandra X-Ray Study of Galactic Supernova Remnant G299.2-2.9
Creators: name: Park, Sangwook
name: Slane, Patrick O.
name: Hughes, John P.
name: Mori, Koji
name: Burrows, David N.
name: Garmire, Gordon P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on observations of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G299.2$-$2.9 with the {\it Chandra X-Ray Observatory}. The high resolution images with {\it Chandra} resolve the X-ray-bright knots, shell, and diffuse emission extending beyond the bright shell. Interior to the X-ray shell is faint diffuse emission occupying the central regions of the SNR. Spatially-resolved spectroscopy indicates a large foreground absorption ($N_{\rm H}$ $\sim$ 3.5 $\times$ 10$^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$), which supports a relatively distant location ($d$ $\sim$ 5 kpc) for the SNR. The blast wave is encountering a highly inhomogeneous ambient medium with the densities ranging over more than an order of magnitude ($n_0$ $\sim$ 0.1 $-$ 4 cm$^{-3}$). Assuming the distance of $d$ $\sim$ 5 kpc, we derive a Sedov age of $τ$ $\sim$ 4500 yr and an explosion energy of $E_0$ $\sim$ 1.6 $\times$ 10$^{50}$ ergs. The ambient density structure and the overall morphology suggest that G299.2$-$2.9 may be a limb-brightened partial shell extending to $\sim$7 pc radius surrounded by fainter emission extending beyond that to a radius of $\sim$9 pc. This suggests the SNR exploded in a region of space where there is a density gradient whose direction lies roughly along the line of sight. The faint central region shows strong line emission from heavy elements of Si and Fe, which is caused by the presence of the overabundant stellar ejecta there. We find no evidence for stellar ejecta enriched in light elements of O and Ne. The observed abundance structure of the metal-rich ejecta supports a Type Ia origin for G299.2$-$2.9.
description: 16 pages (AASTex emulator style), 3 Tables, 10 Figures (including 1 color: Figure 1), Accepted by ApJ
title: The story of the Prophet Joseph
Creators: name: Souag, Lameen
Publisher: name: Pangloss
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Linguistique
subject: Siwi

description: Sherif Bougdoura narrated this account of the life of the prophet Joseph (Yūsuf, Yusəf) to Lameen Souag on 3 May 2008, sitting at his electric goods repair stall by the road in Siwa Town. This took place during Lameen Souag's PhD fieldwork. The story was recorded digitally in stereo at 48 kHz, in 6 files, consecutively named file0246.wav - file0251.wav; a concatenated version has been created for convenience. The ends of files are marked with the character ░ in the transcription. The narrative essentially retells the account found in Sūrat Yūsuf in the Qur'ān, interrupted by occasional greetings or pauses for explanation, and a few false starts towards the end. Almost all of it is in Siwi, but some side remarks are in dialectal Arabic, and one quote (Qur'ān 12:55) is in Standard Arabic. An earlier edition of the transcription, including morpheme-by-morpheme glosses, was published in Souag 2013:238-264 (_Berber and Arabic in Siwa (Egypt): A Study in Linguistic Contact_. Berber Studies Vol. 37. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.). If all goes well, a corrected version will be published, along with a discussion of the story's context, within Vermondo Brugnatelli, Annachiara Raia, Harry Stroomer (eds.), The story of Sidna Yusuf in the Berber tradition.