cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Non-Critical String Duals of N=1 Quiver Theories
Creators: name: Israel, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct N=1 non-critical strings in four dimensions dual to strongly coupled N=1 quiver gauge theories in the Coulomb phase, generalizing the string duals of Argyres-Douglas points in N=2 gauge theories. They are the first examples of superstrings vacua with an exact worldsheet description dual to chiral N=1 theories. We identify the dual of the non-critical superstring using a brane setup describing the field theory in the classical limit. We analyze the spectrum of chiral operators in the strongly coupled regime and show how worldsheet instanton effects give non-perturbative information about the gauge theory. We also consider aspects of D-branes relevant for the holographic duality.
description: JHEP style; 40 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor corrections, refs added, version to appear in JHEP
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of neurogenic bladder outlet obstruction mimicking sphincter bradykinesia in male patients with Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Tianying Xing
name: Jinghong Ma
name: Tongwen Ou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: An example of pseudo-detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. The file shows a pressure flow trace of a 72-year-old male patient with a history of Parkinson’s disease for 10 years.
Price Transmission, Market Power and Returns to Scale
Creators: name: Wang, Xiuqing
name: Weldegebriel, Habtu T.
name: Rayner, Anthony J.
name: Wang, Xiuqing
name: Weldegebriel, Habtu T.
name: Rayner, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: price transmission
subject: returns to scale
subject: market power

description: In this paper, we aim to model the vertical relation between retailers and suppliers in the food industry whereby retailers exercise seller power in their relation with consumers and buyer power in their relation with producers. We then evaluate the degree of price transmission, relative to the perfectly competitive benchmark, from the farm to the retail sector assuming a supply shock. With the view to evaluating the impact of market power's interaction with industry technology on the degree of price transmission, we assume industry technology to be characterised by variable input proportions and non-constant returns to scale. Our model predicts that, relative to that which obtains when markets are perfectly competitive and industry technology is characterised by constant returns to scale, the degree of price transmission when market power and industry technology interact cannot be unambiguously determined.
Reversible edge spin currents in antiferromagnetically proximitized dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Cortés, Natalia
name: Ávalos-Ovando, O.
name: Ulloa, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore proximity effects on transition metal dichalcogenide ribbons deposited on antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulating substrates. We model these hybrid heterostructures using a tight-binding model that incorporates exchange and Rashba fields induced by proximity to the AFM material. The robust edge states that disperse in the midgap of the dichalcogenide are strongly affected by induced exchange fields that reflect different AFM ordering in the substrate. This results in enhanced spin-orbit coupling effects and complex spin projection content for states on zigzag ribbon edges. Gated systems that shift the Fermi level in the midgap range are also shown to exhibit spin polarized currents on these edges. Antiparallel exchange fields along the edge results in spin currents that can reverse polarization with the applied field. The added functionality of these hybrid structures can provide spintronic devices and versatile platforms to further exploit proximity effects in diverse material systems.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Exploring the meaning of disproportionate costs for the practical implementation of the Water Framework Directive
Creators: name: Lago, Manuel
name: Moran, Dominic
name: MacLeod, Michael J.
name: Lago, Manuel
name: Moran, Dominic
name: MacLeod, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Derogations
subject: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)
subject: Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)
subject: Marginal Abatement Costs (MAC)
subject: Marginal Social Costs (MSC)

description: The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is perhaps the most ambitious piece of environmental legislation in the history of the European Union. The Directive consolidates existing water-related legislation and has the stated objective of delivering good status (GS) for Europe’s surface waters and groundwaters. But meeting GS is cost dependent, and in some water bodies pollution abatements costs may be high or judged as disproportionate. The exact definition and assessment of disproportionate costs is central for the justification of time-frame derogations and/or lowering the environmental objectives (standards) for compliance at a water body. Official guidance is somewhat discretionary about the interpretation of disproportionate costs. Building on basic cost-benefit theory, this paper attempts to clarify the meaning of disproportionate cost to non-economists, and to convey a consistent interpretation that should underlie the development of a practical derogation decision making across all member states
Influence of charges on the behavior of polyelectrolyte microgels confined to oil-water interfaces
Creators: name: Schmidt, Maximilian M.
name: Bochenek, Steffen
name: Gavrilov, Alexey A.
name: Potemkin, Igor I.
name: Richtering, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of electrostatics on the interfacial properties of polyelectrolyte microgels has been discussed controversially in the literature. It is not yet clear if, or how, Coulomb interactions affect their behavior under interfacial confinement. In this work, we combine compression isotherms, atomic force microscopy imaging, and computer simulations to further investigate the behavior of pH-responsive microgels at oil-water interfaces. At low compression, charged microgels can be compressed more than uncharged microgels. The in-plane effective area of charged microgels is found to be smaller in comparison to uncharged ones. Thus, the compressibility is governed by in-plane interactions of the microgels with the interface. At high compression, however, charged microgels are less compressible than uncharged microgels. Microgel fractions located in the aqueous phase interact earlier for charged than for uncharged microgels because of their different swelling perpendicular to the interface. Therefore, the compressibility at high compression is controlled by out-of-plane interactions. In addition, the size of the investigated microgels plays a pivotal role. The charge-dependent difference in compressibility at low compression is only observed for small but not for large microgels, while the behavior at high compression does not depend on the size. Our results highlight the complex nature of soft polymer microgels as compared to rigid colloidal particles. We clearly demonstrate that electrostatic interactions affect the interfacial properties of polyelectrolyte microgels.
The Origins, Operation and Future of Farmers’ Markets in Scotland
Creators: name: MacLeod, Michael J.
name: MacLeod, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Farm Management

description: There have been a number of supply chain adjustments in food and farming in Scotland in recent years, one of which has been the growth in the number of “farmers’ markets” (FMs). These are markets in which agricultural produce from a defined local area is sold by stallholders involved in the production process. The first markets in Scotland started in 1999, and the sector now has an estimated annual turnover of around £7m. While their origins can be traced to the crisis in farm incomes in the late 1990’s, they have come to be seen as a way of providing a range of market and non-market benefits to producers, consumers and wider society. The findings of a recent SAC project indicate that farmers’ markets are complex and display considerable variation, e.g. in terms of their: origins; size; turnover; location; product range; management; strengths and weaknesses; perceived threats. They face a range of challenges, including: retaining critical mass; maintaining their brand; managing costs; improving co-ordination. Despite these, it is argued that farmers’ markets can continue to put the “spring back in the step” of Scottish farming, while providing a range of benefits for town centres, communities and consumers.
Buyer Market Power in UK Food Retailing
Creators: name: Lloyd, Tim A.
name: McCorriston, Steve
name: Morgan, C. Wyn
name: Weldegebriel, Habtu T.
name: Lloyd, Tim A.
name: McCorriston, Steve
name: Morgan, C. Wyn
name: Weldegebriel, Habtu T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Buyer power
subject: Cointegrated VARs
subject: UK food industry

description: The potential existence of buyer market power in UK food retailing has attracted the scrutiny of the UK's anti-trust authorities, culminating in the decision to launch the second of two comprehensive regulatory inquiries in recent years. Throughout, detection of buyer power has been dogged by the paucity of reliable evidence of its existence. In this paper we present a simple theoretical model of oligopsony which delivers quasireduced form retailer-producer pricing equations in which the presence of market power can be detected using readily available market data. Using a cointegrated vector autoregression, we find empirical results that are consistent with the presence of oligopsony power in all six food products investigated.
Additional file 9 of Presence of autoantibodies in “seronegative” rheumatoid arthritis associates with classical risk factors and high disease activity
Creators: name: Reed, Evan
name: Hedström, Anna Karin
name: Hansson, Monika
name: Mathsson-Alm, Linda
name: Boel Brynedal
name: Saedis Saevarsdottir
name: Cornillet, Martin
name: Per-Johan Jakobsson
name: Holmdahl, Rikard
name: Skriner, Karl
name: Serre, Guy
name: Alfredsson, Lars
name: Rönnelid, Johan
name: Lundberg, Karin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 9: Supplementary Figure 2. Antibody levels in EIRA RA cases based on smoking status. IgM, IgG and IgA RF levels, as well as anti-CCP2 IgG levels, are shown for never, current and former smokers in all EIRA RA patients where smoking data was available.
Fitting Effective Diffusion Models to Data Associated with a "Glassy Potential": Estimation, Classical Inference Procedures and Some Heuristics
Creators: name: Calderon, Christopher P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variety of researchers have successfully obtained the parameters of low dimensional diffusion models using the data that comes out of atomistic simulations. This naturally raises a variety of questions about efficient estimation, goodness-of-fit tests, and confidence interval estimation. The first part of this article uses maximum likelihood estimation to obtain the parameters of a diffusion model from a scalar time series. I address numerical issues associated with attempting to realize asymptotic statistics results with moderate sample sizes in the presence of exact and approximated transition densities. Approximate transition densities are used because the analytic solution of a transition density associated with a parametric diffusion model is often unknown.I am primarily interested in how well the deterministic transition density expansions of Ait-Sahalia capture the curvature of the transition density in (idealized) situations that occur when one carries out simulations in the presence of a "glassy" interaction potential. Accurate approximation of the curvature of the transition density is desirable because it can be used to quantify the goodness-of-fit of the model and to calculate asymptotic confidence intervals of the estimated parameters. The second part of this paper contributes a heuristic estimation technique for approximating a nonlinear diffusion model. A "global" nonlinear model is obtained by taking a batch of time series and applying simple local models to portions of the data. I demonstrate the technique on a diffusion model with a known transition density and on data generated by the Stochastic Simulation Algorithm.
description: 30 pages 10 figures Submitted to SIAM MMS (typos removed and slightly shortened)
The non-market benefits of rural service provision
Creators: name: McVittie, Alistair
name: Moran, Dominic
name: Hall, Clare
name: McVittie, Alistair
name: Moran, Dominic
name: Hall, Clare
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The provision of services in rural areas is constrained by a number of issues arising from the remoteness of such areas and the relative sparsity of rural populations. These factors combine to increase the cost of supply and reduce the demand for services, which consequently threatens the viability of service provision whether by the public or private sectors. A possible to solution to these issues lies in the co-location of rural services, which in general means that two or more distinct services are located within the same premises thus reducing the delivery costs associated with one or more of these services. Beyond the simple economics of service provision lies the existence of nonmarket elements of services in terms of benefits to local communities of service provision that might arise from the social elements of local provided services such as community cohesion. This paper applies non-market valuation to quantify these benefits in three case studies across Scotland. The results indicate that relative degree of these benefits can be related to the remoteness of rural communities in that more remote communities particularly value the community aspects of services whereas less remote communities are more resistant to increased distances to access services. More generally, the results provide evidence on the inherent trade-offs between factors such as opening hours, levels of service and distance that can be used in determining the optimal configuration of service provision.
Spectral rigidity of non-Hermitian symmetric random matrices near Anderson transition
Creators: name: Huang, Yi
name: Shklovskii, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spectral rigidity of the non-Hermitian analog of the Anderson model suggested by Tzortzakakis, Makris and Economou (TME). This is a $L\times L \times L$ tightly bound cubic lattice, where both real and imaginary parts of on-site energies are independent random variables uniformly distributed between $-W/2$ and $W/2$. The TME model may be used to describe a random laser. In a recent paper we proved that this model has the Anderson transition at $W= W_c \simeq 6$ in three dimension. Here we numerically diagonalize TME $L \times L \times L$ cubic lattice matrices and calculate the number variance of eigenvalues in a disk of their complex plane. We show that on the metallic side $W < 6$ of the Anderson transition, complex eigenvalues repel each other as strongly as in the complex Ginibre ensemble only in a disk containing $N_c(L,W)$ eigenvalues. We find that $N_c(L,W)$ is proportional to $L$ and grows with decreasing $W$ similarly to the number of energy levels $N_c$ in the Thouless energy band of the Anderson model.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Long-term Global Agricultural Output Supply-Demand Balance and Real Farm and Food Prices
Creators: name: Tweeten, Luther G.
name: Thompson, Stanley R.
name: Tweeten, Luther G.
name: Thompson, Stanley R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Development
subject: World Food Supply-Demand
subject: Food Prices
subject: Agricultural Markets
subject: Crop and Livestock Yields

description: Global food demand is estimated from population projections of the United Nations and food supply is projected from Food and Agriculture Organization yield data to quantify the global food supply-demand balance for 2025 and 2050. The eight food categories examined account for 95 percent of global food consumption. Results indicate that the historic era of secularly falling real food prices is over. The real price of corn, for example, is not expected to fall over the next four decades at the annual rate of 1.3 percent that it fell annually from 1960 to 2006. The analysis foresees future real food prices fluctuating around a flat or rising trend. Slowed national economic growth from flat or rising real food prices may be little more than an irritant for consumers in affluent countries, but will entail severe hardship for consumers in the many countries currently troubled by poverty and hunger. Opportunities exist to expand food output by adding cropland in Brazil and irrigation in Africa, for example, but in the long term such developments will be offset by cropland removed from production by urban and industrial development, soil degradation, and the like. Although cropland can be expanded through higher real farm and food prices, higher yields rather than added cropland offer the most attractive opportunities for farm output expansion at low cost to consumers and the environment. The slowing rate of increase in crop and livestock yields corresponds with a slowing rate of increase in public and in private agricultural research and development spending. The world will not have the luxury of curtailing spending on agricultural technology and rejecting promising technologies such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs) if is to keep real food costs from rising. Productive new cropland, irrigation, genetically modified varieties, and other technologies will be hard pressed indeed to match the massive historic gains from hybrid varieties, irrigation, synthetic fertilizers, and mechanization. On the demand side, subsidies to expand demand for farming resources such as biofuels will need revisiting if rising food costs are to be contained.
The effect of stripe domain structure on dynamic permeability of thin ferromagnetic films with out-of-plane uniaxial anisotropy
Creators: name: Buznikov, N. A.
name: Rozanov, K. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The permeability is calculated for a thin ferromagnetic film with the stripe domain structure and out-of-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. Analytical expressions for the frequency dependence of components of permeability tensor are derived with the use of the Smit-Beljers method, with the thickness of domain walls and the domain wall motion being neglected. The effect of the domain width and the angle between the anisotropy axis and the film plane on the frequency dependence of the permeability is analyzed. General equations relating the static permeability components and the ferromagnetic resonance frequencies are found. The results of the approach are applied to the derivation of the constraint for the microwave permeability of thin ferromagnetic films. The analysis of the constraint as a function of the axis deviation angle, the domain aspect ratio and the damping parameter allows the conditions to be found for maximal microwave permeability. The results obtained may be useful in connection with the problem of developing high-permeable microwave magnetic materials.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Multi-cell Edge Coverage Enhancement Using Mobile UAV-Relay
Creators: name: Ji, Yukuan
name: Yang, Zhaohui
name: Shen, Hong
name: Xu, Wei
name: Wang, Kezhi
name: Dong, Xiaodai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted communication is a promising technology in future wireless communication networks. UAVs can not only help offload data traffic from ground base stations (GBSs), but also improve the quality of service of cell-edge users (CEUs). In this paper, we consider the enhancement of cell-edge communications through a mobile relay, i.e., UAV, in multi-cell networks. During each transmission period, GBSs first send data to the UAV, and then the UAV forwards its received data to CEUs according to a certain association strategy. In order to maximize the sum rate of all CEUs, we jointly optimize the UAV mobility management, including trajectory, velocity, and acceleration, and association strategy of CEUs to the UAV, subject to minimum rate requirements of CEUs, mobility constraints of the UAV and causal buffer constraints in practice. To address the mixed-integer nonconvex problem, we transform it into two convex subproblems by applying tight bounds and relaxations. An iterative algorithm was proposed to solve the two subproblems in an alternating manner. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm achieves higher rates of CEUs as compared with existing benchmark schemes.
description: Accepted by IEEE Internet of Things Journal
Clothing and post-Mao reforms : subtitle the tutoring role of Chinese fashion magazines, 1980-1986
Creators: name: Low, Rhea V.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Beginning in 1978, the People's Republic of China embarked on new economic reforms that aimed to modernize the country. It wanted to convey that in sharp contrast to the radical, turbulent, ultra leftist days of the Cultural Revolution, the post-Mao period has been experiencing higher consumption levels, greater material progress, and modern living. An area that has been strongly influenced by this message about China's shift in policy and direction is clothing. As a case study, two state-run fashion magazines produced in China between the years 1980 to 1986 have been analyzed. This paper argues that the magazines Xiandai Fuzhuang and Shizhuang tutored people about sartorial fashion in a way that communicated the government's goal of distancing the prereform years from the post-Mao era. An underlying theme is the idea of China acting as a "pedagogical state" that provides proper guidance to its people in an effort to construct a more modern Chinese society. There are three main sections in this paper. The first part argues for a close relationship between fashion and the Chinese state. It considers the changes in consumption experienced by China before and after the reforms. It also discusses how aesthetics were ' perceived to shape an individual's moral refinement, and in turn, the improvement of society. Notably, these messages directly influenced the discourse of the state-run fashion magazines. The second section compares the contrasting attitudes toward clothing during and after the Cultural Revolution. Significant differences in perceptions of the body and gender were conveyed by the magazines' advice about dress. Through the perspectives of globalization theories, the third section explores the extent to which the magazines recommended their readers to adopt foreign clothing. Rather than demanding their readers to wear designated dress, such as Mao suits as in the previous era, they provided a range of advice: from embracing Western styles, maintaining pride in native Chinese clothing, developing a hybrid Sino-Western style.
Additional file 1 of FRET-based Tau seeding assay does not represent prion-like templated assembly of Tau filaments
Creators: name: Kaniyappan, Senthilvelrajan
name: Tepper, Katharina
name: Biernat, Jacek
name: Chandupatla, Ram Reddy
name: Hübschmann, Sabrina
name: Irsen, Stephan
name: Bicher, Sandra
name: Klatt, Christoph
name: Eva-Maria Mandelkow
name: Mandelkow, Eckhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1 Table S1. Amino acid sequences of Tau constructs. Amino acid sequences of the Tau constructs used in this study. See also Fig. 2 (a-b). A linker sequence was introduced to separate the GFP from the Tau proteins sequence in the repeat domain Tau constructs. Sequences in green color are GFP protein sequences; blue are linker sequences and red are His tag sequences.
Promoting a strong seed sector in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Minot, Nicholas
name: Minot, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA
subject: Seed systems
subject: Private sector
subject: Public sector

description: Given that Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest incidence of poverty and malnutrition in the world, the stagnation in per capita grain production there is worrisome. Since 1970, per capita grain production in Sub-Saharan Africa has declined more than 10 percent. Increasing the productivity of staple foodcrops will help poor farmers and consumers, and one of the most sustainable ways to expand food production in Sub-Saharan Africa is to generate new technologies—including staple seed varieties—that are adapted to the constraints of the continent's small-scale farmers. The region thus requires a cost-effective system of seed production and distribution to ensure that appropriate seeds are delivered to farmers. Both the private and public sectors have a role to play in developing the seed sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although the private sector can effectively carry out many seed production and distribution activities, for reasons discussed in this brief, private companies acting on their own will not develop and produce optimal amounts of appropriate seeds for Sub-Saharan Africa. Thus the public sector also has a role to play.
Additional file 1 of Alcohol use, intimate partner violence, and HIV sexual risk behavior among young people in fishing communities of Lake Victoria, Uganda
Creators: name: Wandera, Stephen Ojiambo
name: Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye
name: Walakira, Eddy J.
name: Kisaakye, Peter
name: Wagman, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1.
Transient gravitational waves from pulsar post-glitch recoveries
Creators: name: Yim, Garvin
name: Jones, D. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work explores whether gravitational waves (GWs) from neutron star (NS) mountains can be detected with current 2nd-generation and future 3rd-generation GW detectors. In particular, we focus on a scenario where transient mountains are formed immediately after a NS glitch. In a glitch, a NS's spin frequency abruptly increases and then often exponentially recovers back to, but never quite reaches, the spin frequency prior to the glitch. If the recovery is ascribed to an additional torque due to a transient mountain, we find that GWs from that mountain are marginally-detectable with Advanced LIGO at design sensitivity and is very likely to be detectable for 3rd-generation detectors such as the Einstein Telescope. Using this model, we are able to find analytical expressions for the GW amplitude and its duration in terms of observables.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures. Small changes made in response to referee comments. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Complete description of polarization effects in e^+e^- pair production by a photon in the field of a strong laser wave
Creators: name: Ivanov, D. Yu.
name: Kotkin, G. L.
name: Serbo, V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider production of a e^+e^- pair by a high-energy photon in the field of a strong laser wave. A probability of this process for circularly or linearly polarized laser photons and for arbitrary polarization of all other particles is calculated. We obtain the complete set of functions which describe such a probability in a compact invariant form. Besides, we discuss in some detail the polarization effects in the kinematics relevant to the problem of electron-photon conversion at photon-photon and electron-photon colliders.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Globalization of food and agriculture and the poor
Creators: name: Von Braun, Joachim
name: Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio
name: Von Braun, Joachim
name: Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Food supply
subject: Developing countries
subject: Rural poor Globalization

description: The economic impact of globalization, particularly on poverty, and the changes in agri-food markets have received much attention in recent years. However, the intersection of these two trends has been neglected. The present volume fills this gap by focusing on the way globalization of agri-food systems affects the world’s poor and its impact on food and nutrition security in developing countries. Rather than offering a single policy prescription or simplistic messages about globalization being 'good' or 'bad', the book acknowledges the complexity of the subject by including a variety of policy and research perspectives. The contributors analyse in details the links between poverty and globalization. They examine the different interactions between the forces influencing and driving globalization—politics and governance; markets, capital investment, and labour; information and innovation; and health, social policies, and conflicts—and elements of the food chain—production, marketing, and consumption. Complementing these analyses are six interspersed essays by leading policy analysts and economists that highlight primary issues in the ongoing debate on the impact of globalization. The insights offered make this volume a valuable resource for researchers and decision-makers in government, NGOs, and the private sector who wish to shape globalization and the agri-food system to produce pro-poor outcomes.
Social Protection: Opportunities for Africa.
Creators: name: Adato, Michelle
name: Hoddinott, John
name: Adato, Michelle
name: Hoddinott, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: AFRICA
subject: Social protection
subject: Poverty reduction
subject: Hunger
subject: Cash transfers

description: Social protection involves policies and programs that protect people against risk and vulnerability, mitigate the impacts of shocks, and support people who suffer from chronic incapacities to secure basic livelihoods. It can also build assets, reducing both short-term and intergenerational transmission of poverty. It includes social insurance (such as health, life, and asset insurance, which may involve contributions from employers and/or beneficiaries); social assistance (mainly cash, food, vouchers, or subsidies); and services (such as maternal and child health and nutrition programs). Interventions that provide training and credit for income-generating activities also have a social protection component. Interest in social protection is growing across Africa, fueled by persistent high rates of poverty and malnutrition; the undermining of livelihoods and family-based support systems by shocks such as the AIDS epidemic; volatile food prices and the calamities of weather and war; extensive evidence that denying children basic nutrition, health, and education has lifelong, irreversible, and intergenerational consequences; and growing evidence of the effectiveness of social protection in low-income countries throughout the world—particularly in contributing to poverty reduction and improved health, nutrition, and education. Approaches vary across regions and countries, with a notable introduction or scale-up of cash transfers for the very poor in southern and East Africa. While many programs have been undertaken on a pilot basis, successful implementation of large-scale social protection programs in Ethiopia and South Africa—each with more than 8 million beneficiaries—has demonstrated that social protection systems are no longer only within the reach of rich countries.
Local nuclear and magnetic order in the two-dimensional spin glass, Mn$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$PS$_3$
Creators: name: Graham, J. N.
name: Coak, M. J.
name: Son, S.
name: Suard, E.
name: Park, J. -G.
name: Clark, L.
name: Wildes, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive study of the short-ranged nuclear and magnetic order in the two-dimensional spin glass, Mn$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$PS$_3$. Nuclear neutron scattering data reveal a random distribution of Mn$^{2+}$ and Fe$^{2+}$ ions within the honeycomb layers, which gives rise to a spin glass state through inducing competition between neighbouring exchange interactions, indicated in magnetic susceptibility data by a cusp at the glass transition, $T_g = 35$ K. Analysis of magnetic diffuse neutron scattering data collected for both single crystal and polycrystalline samples gives further insight into the origin of the spin glass phase, with spin correlations revealing a mixture of satisfied and unsatisfied correlations between magnetic moments within the honeycomb planes, which can be explained by considering the magnetic structures of the parent compounds, MnPS$_3$ and FePS$_3$. We found that, on approaching $T_g$ from above, an ensemble-averaged correlation length of $ξ= 5.5(6)$ Å developed between satisfied correlations, and below $T_g$, the glassy behaviour gave rise to a distance-independent correlation between unsatisfied moments. Correlations between the planes were found to be very weak, which mirrored our observations of rod-like structures parallel to the c* axis in our single crystal diffraction measurements, confirming the two-dimensional nature of Mn$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$PS$_3$.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted manuscript in PRM
Additional file 7 of Presence of autoantibodies in “seronegative” rheumatoid arthritis associates with classical risk factors and high disease activity
Creators: name: Reed, Evan
name: Hedström, Anna Karin
name: Hansson, Monika
name: Mathsson-Alm, Linda
name: Boel Brynedal
name: Saedis Saevarsdottir
name: Cornillet, Martin
name: Per-Johan Jakobsson
name: Holmdahl, Rikard
name: Skriner, Karl
name: Serre, Guy
name: Alfredsson, Lars
name: Rönnelid, Johan
name: Lundberg, Karin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 7: Supplementary Table 6. Associations between different ACPA fine-specificities and HLA-DRB1 SE, in anti-CCP2-positive and anti-CCP2-negative RA. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals are shown for associations between HLA-DRB1 SE and presence/absence of 19 different ACPA fine-specificities, in anti-CCP2-positive and -negative RA: p-values indicate differences in ORs between ACPA fine-specificity-positive and -negative subsets in the anti-CCP2-positive subset.
Contingent Valuation, Hypothetical Bias, and Experimental Economics
Creators: name: Murphy, James J.
name: Stevens, Thomas H.
name: Murphy, James J.
name: Stevens, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Although the contingent valuation method has been widely used to value a diverse array of nonmarket environmental and natural resource commodities, recent empirical evidence suggests it may not accurately estimate real economic values. The hypothetical nature of environmental valuation surveys typically results in responses that are significantly greater than actual payments. Economists have had mixed success in developing techniques designed to control for this "hypothetical bias." This paper highlights the role of experimental economics in addressing hypothetical bias, and identifies a gap in the existing literature by focusing on the underlying causes of this bias. Most of the calibration techniques used today lack a theoretical justification, and therefore these procedures need to be used with caution. We argue that future experimental research should investigate the reasons hypothetical bias persists. A better understanding of the causes should enhance the effectiveness of calibration techniques.
Socioeconomics of Individual Transferable Quotas and Community-Based Fishery Management
Creators: name: Copes, Parzival
name: Charles, Anthony T.
name: Copes, Parzival
name: Charles, Anthony T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: In many fisheries around the world, the failures of centralized, top-down management have produced a shift toward co-management - collaboration and sharing of decision making between government and stakeholders. This trend has led to a major debate between two very different co-management approaches - community-based fishery management and market-based individual transferable quota management. This paper examines the debate over the relative merits of these models and undertakes a socioeconomic analysis of the two approaches. The paper includes (1) an analysis of differences in the structure, philosophical nature, and underlying value systems of each, including a discussion of their treatment of property rights; (2) a socioeconomic evaluation of the impacts of each system on boat owners, fishers, crew members, other fishery participants, and coastal communities, as well as the distribution of benefits and costs among fishery participants; and (3) examination of indirect economic effects that can occur through impacts on conservation and fishery sustainability. The latter relate to (a) the conservation ethic, (b) the flexibility of management, (c) the avoidance of waste, and (d) the efficiency of enforcement. The paper emphasizes the need for a broader approach to analyzing fishery management options, one that recognizes and properly assesses the diversity of choices, and that takes into account the interaction of the fishery with broader community and regional realities.
Integrating Farmer Decision Making to Target Land Retirement Programs
Creators: name: Yang, Wanhong
name: Isik, Murat
name: Yang, Wanhong
name: Isik, Murat
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Farm Management
Land Economics/Use

description: This study develops a model to examine the impacts of uncertainty about crop production and irreversibility of program participation on determining land rental payments and least-cost land retirement targeting in the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP). Results show that under risk aversion only, the marginal cost of abatement and the average land rental payment are less than those under risk neutrality. However, under uncertainty and irreversibility, the marginal cost of abatement and the average land rental payment are considerably higher than those under risk neutrality or risk aversion only. It is important to incorporate uncertainty and irreversibility into the design of land rental payments and in determining participation constraints.
ITQs and Community: An Essay on Environmental Governance
Creators: name: McCay, Bonnie J.
name: McCay, Bonnie J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Two important new directions in resource and environmental management are increased reliance on market mechanisms on the one hand, and on greater participation by local communities on the other. In fisheries, market-based management is found mainly in the "cap-and-trade" systems known as individual transferable quotas (ITQs). ITQs are effective in achieving certain economic goals but often with undesirable social costs, leading to the view that they are antithetical to community-based management. However, ITQ systems have been adapted to mitigate community losses. In addition, social resistance to ITQs has encouraged the development of innovative programs in community-based fisheries management.
Simulation Study of a Positive Ionospheric Storm Phase Observed at Millstone Hill
Creators: name: Swisdak, M.
name: Huba, J. D.
name: Joyce, G.
name: Huang, Chao-Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulation results from the NRL ionospheric model SAMI2 indicate that the changes in the F-region over Millstone Hill during the geomagnetic storm beginning on 3 April 2004 are primarily due to the influence of a long-lasting eastward electric field, as was previously suggested by {\it Huang et al.} [2005]. A simulation of the storm day agrees well with the observational data and shows that, compared with the ionosphere of the previous quiet day, the peak electron density in the F-region (NmF2) increased by a factor of $\approx 2$, the altitude of the peak density (hmF2) rose by $\approx 80$ km, and the F-region electron temperature decreased by $\approx 1000$ K. Further simulations in which either the neutral atmosphere and winds or the electric field were replaced by their quiet day counterparts clearly suggest that the electric field played the dominant, although not exclusive, role in producing these effects.
description: Submitted for publication in GRL
ВАҚФГА ОИД ФИҚҲИЙ МАНБАЛАР ТАҲЛИЛИ
Creators: name: Р.М.КЕНЖАБОЕВА, Исломшунослик фанлари бўйича фалсафа доктори (PhD)
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Мақолада вақфга оид фиқҳий манбалардан Ҳусомиддин Бухорийнинг “Китоб ал-вақф”, Сарахсийнинг “Мабсут”, Бурҳониддин Марғинонийнинг “Ҳидоя” асари ва бошқа китоблар таҳлил қилинган.

Калит сўзлар: Фиқҳ, вақф мулки, вақф ҳужжати, ёрлиқ, гувоҳ.
A Note on the Reliability Tests of Estimates from ARMS Data
Creators: name: Kim, C.S.
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
name: Lindamood, W.A.
name: Schaible, Glenn D.
name: Payne, James
name: Kim, C.S.
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
name: Lindamood, W.A.
name: Schaible, Glenn D.
name: Payne, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: USDA uses the concept of "publish-ability" rather than statistical reliability of an estimate for quality validation of USDA estimates, which is solely based on the sample size and the coefficient of variation (CV). We demonstrate conceptually how the reliability of the sample mean can be tested by estimating the upper and lower bounds of the confidence interval for an unknown population mean using the CV. However, the reliability test for the sample mean can be made only under the normality assumption. USDA multiple-way Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) estimates are used to illustrate the relative measure of precision for sample-based estimators.
Additional file 1 of The experiences of receiving a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during adulthood in Japan: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Aoki, Yumi
name: Tsuboi, Takashi
name: Furuno, Takehiko
name: Watanabe, Koichiro
name: Kayama, Mami
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Interview Guide.
Additional file 1 of The Odon Device™ for assisted vaginal birth: a feasibility study to investigate safety and efficacy—The ASSIST II study
Creators: name: Hotton, Emily J.
name: Alvarez, Mary
name: Lenguerrand, Erik
name: Wade, Julia
name: Blencowe, Natalie S.
name: Draycott, Tim J.
name: Crofts, Joanna F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 checklist.
Additional file 2 of The Odon Device™ for assisted vaginal birth: a feasibility study to investigate safety and efficacy—The ASSIST II study
Creators: name: Hotton, Emily J.
name: Alvarez, Mary
name: Lenguerrand, Erik
name: Wade, Julia
name: Blencowe, Natalie S.
name: Draycott, Tim J.
name: Crofts, Joanna F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Ethics Committee Approval for the ASSIST II Study Format.
A Conjoint Analysis of Public Preferences for Agricultural Land Preservation
Creators: name: Duke, Joshua M.
name: Ilvento, Thomas W.
name: Duke, Joshua M.
name: Ilvento, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Public preferences for the nonmarket services of permanently preserved agricultural land are measured and compared using conjoint analysis. The results from a survey of 199 Delawareans suggest environmental and nonmarket-agricultural services are the most important preserved-land attributes. Results also suggest that open space associated with wetlands on farms is neither an amenity nor a disamenity. On the margin, preserved parcels with agricultural and environmental attributes provide net benefits, which may exceed $1,000,000 for a 1,000-acre parcel. Preserved forestland provides benefits per acre that are statistically equivalent to cropland, though forestland may be less expensive to preserve.