cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SHAMe-SF: Predicting the clustering of star-forming galaxies with an enhanced abundance matching model
Creators: name: Ortega-Martinez, Sara
name: Contreras, Sergio
name: Angulo, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of several galaxy surveys targeting star-forming galaxies, it is important to have models capable of interpreting their spatial distribution in terms of astrophysical and cosmological parameters. To address this need, we introduce SHAMe-SF, an extension of the subhalo abundance matching (SHAM) technique designed specifically for analyzing the redshift-space clustering of star-forming galaxies. Our model directly links a galaxy's star formation rate to the properties of its host dark-matter halo, with further modulations based on effective models of feedback and gas stripping. To quantify the accuracy of our model, we show that it simultaneously reproduces key clustering statistics such as the projected correlation function, monopole, and quadrupole of star-forming galaxy samples at various redshifts and number densities. Notably, these tests were conducted over a wide range of scales $[0.6, 30]\hMpc$, using samples from both the TNG300 magneto-hydrodynamic simulation and from a semi-analytical model. SHAMe-SF can also reproduce the clustering of simulated galaxies that fall within the colour selection criteria employed by DESI for emission line galaxies. Our model exhibits several potential applications, including the generation of covariance matrices, exploration of galaxy formation processes, and even placing constraints on the cosmological parameters of the Universe.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
The relative effectiveness of print and digital formats for motivational notice signage in libraries
Creators: name: Bacon, Virginia H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011
Subjects: College and university libraries
Library graphics

description: This study compared the relative effectiveness of print and digital formats for a motivational notice sign in the School of Information and Library Science library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. A quasi-experiment was conducted to determine if a digital sign placed at the unstaffed circulation desk was more effective than a print sign at getting patrons to go to the library workroom for assistance. The number of patrons who went to the workroom for assistance when the digital sign was displayed was higher than the number when the print sign was displayed. However, the difference was not found to be statistically significant. More research is needed to determine if digital signage is more effective than print signage in some contexts.
pop-cosmos: A comprehensive picture of the galaxy population from COSMOS data
Creators: name: Alsing, Justin
name: Thorp, Stephen
name: Deger, Sinan
name: Peiris, Hiranya
name: Leistedt, Boris
name: Mortlock, Daniel
name: Leja, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present pop-cosmos: a comprehensive model characterizing the galaxy population, calibrated to $140,938$ ($r<25$ selected) galaxies from the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) with photometry in $26$ bands from the ultra-violet to the infra-red. We construct a detailed forward model for the COSMOS data, comprising: a population model describing the joint distribution of galaxy characteristics and its evolution (parameterized by a flexible score-based diffusion model); a state-of-the-art stellar population synthesis (SPS) model connecting galaxies' instrinsic properties to their photometry; and a data-model for the observation, calibration and selection processes. By minimizing the optimal transport distance between synthetic and real data we are able to jointly fit the population- and data-models, leading to robustly calibrated population-level inferences that account for parameter degeneracies, photometric noise and calibration, and selection. We present a number of key predictions from our model of interest for cosmology and galaxy evolution, including the mass function and redshift distribution; the mass-metallicity-redshift and fundamental metallicity relations; the star-forming sequence; the relation between dust attenuation and stellar mass, star formation rate and attenuation-law index; and the relation between gas-ionization and star formation. Our model encodes a comprehensive picture of galaxy evolution that faithfully predicts galaxy colors across a broad redshift ($z<4$) and wavelength range.
description: 30 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS. See also the companion paper, arXiv:2402.00930
Topologically Nontrivial Bismuth(111) Thin Films Grown on Bi2Te3
Creators: name: Yao, Meng-Yu
name: Zhu, Fengfeng
name: Miao, Lin
name: Han, C. Q.
name: Yang, Fang
name: Guan, D. D.
name: Gao, C. L.
name: Liu, Canhua
name: Qian, Dong
name: Jia, Jin-feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the electronic structure near the Fermi level and the topological property of the Bi(111) films grown on the Bi$_2$Te$_3$(111) substrate were studied. Very different from the bulk Bi, we found another surface band near the $\bar{M}$ point besides the two well-known surface bands on the Bi(111) surface. With this new surface band, the bulk valence band and the bulk conduction band of Bi can be connected by the surface states. Our band mapping revealed odd number of Fermi crossings of the surface bands, which provided a direct experimental signature that Bi(111) thin films of a certain thickness on the Bi$_2$Te$_3$(111) substrate can be topologically nontrivial in three dimension.
Additional file 4 of Experience of learning from everyday work in daily safety huddles—a multi-method study
Creators: name: Wahl, Karina
name: Stenmarker, Margaretha
name: Ros, Axel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 4. Invitation to participate in interview. Invitation to participate with information regarding the interviews.
Single production of vectorlike quarks with charge 5/3 at the 14 TeV LHC
Creators: name: Liu, Yao-Bei
name: Hu, Bo
name: Li, Chao-Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vectorlike quarks have been predicted in many new physics scenarios beyond the Standard Model (SM), which can have sizable couplings to first generation quarks without conflicting with current experimental constraints. In a framework of the SM simply extended by an SU(2) doublet $\left(X,T\right)$ including a vectorlike quark $X$~(VLQ-$X$), with electric charge $|Q_{X}| = 5/3$, we investigate the single production of the VLQ-$X$ induced by the couplings between the VLQ-$X$ with the first and the third generation quarks at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run-III and High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) operating at $\sqrt{s}=14$~TeV. The signal is searched in events including same-sign dileptons (electrons or muons), one $b$-tagged jet and missing energy, where the X quark is assumed to decay into a top quark and a W boson, both decaying leptonically. After a rapid simulation of signal and background events, the 95\% CL exclusion limits and the $5σ$ discovery reach are respectively obtained at the 14 TeV LHC with an integrated luminosity of 300 and 3000 fb$^{-1}$, respectively.
description: 19 pages, 20 figures, matches published version
An examination of historical trends in museums for application to the issues and definitions of virtual museums
Creators: name: Walker, Patricia L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000
Subjects: Museums--Virtual
Museums
Museums--History

description: This paper examines the historical development of the modern public museum based on late nineteenth century and early twentieth century examples. The types of knowledge structures apparent in museums historically from the Renaissance to the modern era are discussed. The issues that face public museums in regards to presentation of knowledge and objects, as well as community involvement, are still pertinent issues. Virtual museums will be facing these same issues, and must redefine what it means to be a museum much as earlier physical models had to redefine themselves.
Anti-de-Sitter regular electric multipoles: towards Einstein-Maxwell-AdS solitons
Creators: name: Herdeiro, Carlos
name: Radu, Eugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss electrostatics in Anti-de-Sitter ($AdS$) spacetime, in global coordinates. We observe that the multipolar expansion has two crucial differences to that in Minkowski spacetime. First, there are everywhere regular solutions, with finite energy, for every multipole moment except for the monopole. Second, all multipole moments decay with the same inverse power of the areal radius, $1/r$, as spatial infinity is approached. The first observation suggests there may be regular, self-gravitating, Einstein-Maxwell solitons in $AdS$ spacetime. The second observation, renders a Lichnerowicz-type no-soliton theorem inapplicable. Consequently, we suggest Einstein-Maxwell solitons exist in $AdS$, and we support this claim by computing the first order metric perturbations sourced by test electric field multipoles, which are obtained analytically in closed form.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted in Phys. Lett. B
Thermal friction on quantum vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Moon, Geol
name: Kwon, Woo Jin
name: Lee, Hyunjik
name: Shin, Yong-il
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dissipative dynamics of a corotating vortex pair in a highly oblate axisymmetric Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a harmonic potential. The initial vortex state is prepared by creating a doubly charged vortex at the center of the condensate and letting it dissociate into two singly charged vortices. The separation of the vortex pair gradually increases over time and its increasing rate becomes higher with increasing the sample temperature $T$. The evolution of the vortex state is well described with a dissipative point vortex model including longitudinal friction on the vortex motion. For condensates of sodium atoms having a chemical potential of $μ\approx k_B\times 120$ nK, we find that the dimensionless friction coefficient $α$ increases from 0.01 to 0.03 over the temperature range of 200 nK $
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Understanding the landscape of esophageal discontinuity procedures and creation of cervical esophagostomy in the modern era – A scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Wakeam, Elliot
name: Benipal, Harsukh
name: Bondzi-Simpson, Adom
name: Momoh, Hassan
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Health and Medical Administration
subject: Surgery
subject: cervical esophagostomy
subject: esophageal discontinuity
subject: esophageal reconsturction
subject: esophageal surgery
subject: thoracic surgery

description: INTRODUCTION: Esophageal discontinuity remains a challenge for the thoracic and foregut surgeons globally. Whether arising emergently after catastrophic esophageal or gastric disruption or arising in the elective setting in the case of staged reconstruction for esophagectomy or long gap atresia in the pediatric population, comprehensive review of this patient population remains unexplored within the surgical literature. We hypothesize patients left in esophageal discontinuity with cervical esophagostomy will have poorer general and disease-specific outcomes and increased healthcare utilization. The goal of this scoping review is to understand the landscape of literature exploring the creation and takedown of cervical esophagostomy with the intent to answer four questions (1) What are the primary indications for esophageal discontinuity procedures? (2) What are the outcomes for esophageal discontinuity procedures? (3) What is the primary indication for reversal procedures? (4) What are the outcomes for reversal procedures? METHODS: This review will follow Arksey and O’Malley frameworks for scoping reviews. We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases for papers that examine the creation and/or takedown of cervical esophagostomy from 1990 until July 2023. Interventional trials, prospective and retrospective observational studies, reviews, case series and qualitative study designs will be included. Two authors will independently review all titles, abstracts and full texts to determine which studies meet the inclusion criteria. ETHICS & DISSIMINATION: No ethics approval is required for this review. Results will be disseminated through scientific presentation and relevant conferences targeted for researchers examining healthcare quality and equity in cancer care.
A jet model for Galactic black-hole X-ray sources: the cutoff energy-phase-lag correlation
Creators: name: Reig, P.
name: Kylafis, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic black-hole X-ray binaries emit a compact, optically thick, mildy relativistic radio jet when they are in the hard and hard-intermediate states. In a series of papers, we have developed a jet model and have shown, through Monte Carlo simulations, that our model can explain many observational results. In this work, we investigate one more constraining relationship between the cutoff energy and the phase lag during the early stages of an X-ray outburst of the black-hole X-ray binary GX 339-4: the cutoff energy decreases while the phase lag increases during the brightening of the hard state. We demonstrate that our jet model naturally explains the above correlation, with a minor modification consisting of introducing an acceleration zone at the base of the jet. The observed correlation between the cutoff energy and the phase lag suggests that the lags are produced by the hard component. Here we show that this correlation arises naturally if Comptonization in the jet produces these two quantities.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
VRS State Primary Exit Poll: Indiana Republican Primary
Creators: name: ABC News
name: CBS News
name: CNN
name: NBC News
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Voting record(2); most important issue(1); candidates issues(6); voting intentions(1); national issues(1); government performance(1); ideology (1); party ID(1); economic situation(2); president job approval(1).
From gas to stars: MUSEings on the internal evolution of IC 1613
Creators: name: Taibi, S.
name: Battaglia, G.
name: Roth, M. M.
name: Kamann, S.
name: Iorio, G.
name: Gallart, C.
name: Leaman, R.
name: Skillman, E. D.
name: Kacharov, N.
name: Beasley, M. A.
name: Piña, P. E. Mancera
name: van de Ven, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kinematics and chemical composition of stellar populations of different ages provide crucial information about the evolution of a galaxy. We aim to provide such information for IC 1613, an isolated, gas-rich, star-forming dwarf galaxy in the Local Group. We present here the results of a new spectroscopic study performed with MUSE, an integral-field spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope. We extracted from the data cubes more than 2000 sources from which we separated stellar objects for further spectroscopic analysis. The quality of the data set allowed us to obtain accurate classifications and line-of-sight velocities for about 800 stars. Our sample includes not only Red Giant Branch (RGB) and Main Sequence (MS) stars, but also a number of probable Be and C stars. We also obtained reliable metallicities for about 300 RGB stars. The kinematic analysis revealed for the first time the presence of stellar rotation with high significance. We found general agreement with the rotation velocity of the neutral gas component. Examining the kinematics of stars as a function of broad age ranges, we find that the velocity dispersion increases as a function of age, with the behaviour being very clear in the outermost pointings, while the rotation-to-velocity dispersion support decreases. On timescales shorter than a Gyr, the stellar kinematics still follow very closely that of the neutral gas, while the two components decouple on longer timescales. The chemical analysis of the RGB stars revealed average properties comparable to other Local Group dwarf galaxies. We also provide a new estimation of the inclination angle using only independent stellar tracers. Our work provides the largest spectroscopic sample of an isolated LG dwarf galaxy. The results obtained seem to support the scenario in which the stars of a dwarf galaxy are born from a less turbulent gas over time.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. Changes from previous version include: a more structured text, updated figures and the addition of a discussion section (incl. a new figure). Previous results remain unchanged, but are now contextualised with respect to similar dwarf galaxies. A new estimate of the inclination angle has been added. References updated. 18 pages (10 figures, 5 tables) + appendices
Additional file 5 of Experience of learning from everyday work in daily safety huddles—a multi-method study
Creators: name: Wahl, Karina
name: Stenmarker, Margaretha
name: Ros, Axel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 5. Question guide. Question guide for interviews.
Few-Shot Scenario Testing for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Neighborhood Coverage and Similarity
Creators: name: Li, Shu
name: Yang, Jingxuan
name: He, Honglin
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Hu, Jianming
name: Feng, Shuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Testing and evaluating the safety performance of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is essential before the large-scale deployment. Practically, the number of testing scenarios permissible for a specific AV is severely limited by tight constraints on testing budgets and time. With the restrictions imposed by strictly restricted numbers of tests, existing testing methods often lead to significant uncertainty or difficulty to quantifying evaluation results. In this paper, we formulate this problem for the first time the "few-shot testing" (FST) problem and propose a systematic framework to address this challenge. To alleviate the considerable uncertainty inherent in a small testing scenario set, we frame the FST problem as an optimization problem and search for the testing scenario set based on neighborhood coverage and similarity. Specifically, under the guidance of better generalization ability of the testing scenario set on AVs, we dynamically adjust this set and the contribution of each testing scenario to the evaluation result based on coverage, leveraging the prior information of surrogate models (SMs). With certain hypotheses on SMs, a theoretical upper bound of evaluation error is established to verify the sufficiency of evaluation accuracy within the given limited number of tests. The experiment results on cut-in scenarios demonstrate a notable reduction in evaluation error and variance of our method compared to conventional testing methods, especially for situations with a strict limit on the number of scenarios.
Additional file 6 of Experience of learning from everyday work in daily safety huddles—a multi-method study
Creators: name: Wahl, Karina
name: Stenmarker, Margaretha
name: Ros, Axel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 6. Summary the Green line 2019 example. Example of the every month compilation, number of participants, profession, colour classification and what potentials the conversations could be classified within.
Additional file 7 of Experience of learning from everyday work in daily safety huddles—a multi-method study
Creators: name: Wahl, Karina
name: Stenmarker, Margaretha
name: Ros, Axel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 7. Example of practical improvements. Example of improvements as a result from the reflections.
Spectral and Timing evolution of GX 340+0 along its Z-track
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Suchismito
name: Bhulla, Yashpal
name: Misra, Ranjeev
name: Mandal, Soma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from spectral and timing study of the Z source GX 340+0 using AstroSat's SXT and LAXPC data. During the observation the source traced out the complete Z-track, allowing for the spectral evolution study of the Horizontal, Normal and Flaring branches (HB, NB and FB) as well as the hard and soft apexes (HA and SA). The spectra are better and more physically described by a blackbody component and a hot Comptonizing corona with a varying covering fraction, rather than one having a disc component. Along the track, the Comptonized flux (as well as the covering fraction) monotonically decreases. It is the blackbody component (both the temperature and radius) which varies non-monotonically and hence gives rise to the Z-track behaviour. Rapid timing study reveals a prominent Quasi-periodic Oscillation (QPO) at ~ 50 Hz at the HB, HA and upper NB, while a QPO at ~ 6 Hz is seen for the other branches. The fractional r.m.s of the QPOs increase with energy and exhibit soft lags in all branches except SA and FB.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Reducing Library Anxiety in First-Year Students: Computer-Assisted Instruction vs. Bibliographic Instruction
Creators: name: Cleveland, Anna M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001
Subjects: Computer-assisted instruction
Research and the library--Evaluation Use studies--College and university libraries
Bibliographic instruction--College and university students

description: This study compares whether library anxiety is reduced more in first-year students who participated in computer-assisted instruction (i.e., a computer-based tutorial) or attended a traditional library-staff led bibliographic instruction session. First-year students who participated in a method of instruction were surveyed before and after instruction, and they were compared to a control group consisting of first-year students who did not participate in either type of instruction. Using Bostick's Library Anxiety Scale, this study found that students who took part of bibliographic instruction led by a library staff member experienced significantly less library anxiety compared to the control group.  Controlling for previous library experience and prior knowledge of the library did not alter this finding. This study also separately examined each of the five sub-scales of Bostick's Library Anxiety Scale. Analyses revealed significant differences between groups for two of the five sub-scales (the "Barriers with Staff" sub-scale and the "Affective Barriers" sub-scale). Discussion focuses on how these findings are important for academic librarians conceptualizing instructional programs.
Quantum loop corrections in the modified gravity model of Starobinsky inflation with primordial black hole production
Creators: name: Saburov, Sultan
name: Ketov, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A modified gravity model of Starobinsky inflation and primordial black hole production was proposed in good (within $1σ$) agreement with current measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation. The model is an extension of the singularity-free Appleby-Battye-Starobinsky model by the $R^4$-term with different values of the parameters whose fine-tuning leads to efficient production of primordial black holes on smaller scales with the asteroid-size masses between $10^{16}$ g and $10^{20}$ g. Those primordial black holes may be part (or the whole) of the current dark matter, while the proposed model can be confirmed or falsified by detection or absence of the induced gravitational waves with the frequencies about $10^{-2}$ Hz. The main purpose of this paper was to estimate the size of quantum (loop) corrections in the model. It was found their relative contribution to the power spectrum of scalar perturbations is about $10^{-3}$ or less, so that the model is not ruled out by the quantum corrections.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures; LaTeX; Section 3 extended, new figures and references added, one reference replaced
The Benefits of Reusing Batches for Gradient Descent in Two-Layer Networks: Breaking the Curse of Information and Leap Exponents
Creators: name: Dandi, Yatin
name: Troiani, Emanuele
name: Arnaboldi, Luca
name: Pesce, Luca
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
name: Krzakala, Florent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the training dynamics of two-layer neural networks when learning multi-index target functions. We focus on multi-pass gradient descent (GD) that reuses the batches multiple times and show that it significantly changes the conclusion about which functions are learnable compared to single-pass gradient descent. In particular, multi-pass GD with finite stepsize is found to overcome the limitations of gradient flow and single-pass GD given by the information exponent (Ben Arous et al., 2021) and leap exponent (Abbe et al., 2023) of the target function. We show that upon re-using batches, the network achieves in just two time steps an overlap with the target subspace even for functions not satisfying the staircase property (Abbe et al., 2021). We characterize the (broad) class of functions efficiently learned in finite time. The proof of our results is based on the analysis of the Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (DMFT). We further provide a closed-form description of the dynamical process of the low-dimensional projections of the weights, and numerical experiments illustrating the theory.
description: Accepted at the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2024
Additional file 8 of Experience of learning from everyday work in daily safety huddles—a multi-method study
Creators: name: Wahl, Karina
name: Stenmarker, Margaretha
name: Ros, Axel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 8. Themes codes and meaning units. Themes and codes with examples of meaning units from the analysis of the interviews.
Performance of entanglement purification including maximally entangled mixed states
Creators: name: Torres, Juan Mauricio
name: Bernád, József Zsolt
name: Gómez-Rosas, Rocío
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement between distant quantum systems is a critical resource for implementing quantum communication. This property is affected by external agents and can be restored by employing efficient entanglement purification protocols. In this work, we propose an entanglement purification protocol based on two entangling two-qubit operations that replace the usual controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate. These operations arise from a generalized quantum measurement and can be understood as measurement operators in a positive operator-valued measure (POVM). Furthermore, two variants of the core protocol are introduced and shown to be more practical in certain scenarios. The performance of the protocols is studied in terms of the overall success probability of reaching a Bell state and the number of purifiable states. Based on rank-two states, we can obtain analytical expressions for the success probability that we extend and refine using numerical calculations to the case of maximally entangled states (MEMS). We also consider more general rank-three states to show that our procedure is in general more convenient compared to purification protocols based on Bell diagonal states. Finally, we test the protocols using initial random states. In all cases, we find a larger performance and larger amount of purifiable states using our schemes compared to the CNOT-based purification protocol.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
The Information Behavior of Video Game Design Undergraduates
Creators: name: Miller, Olivia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013
Subjects: Information needs
Video game design
Academic libraries

description: While video games have been around for decades, the academic study of video games
and their creation is fairly recent. Academic programs in video game design blend artistic and technical prowess with a knowledge of the field to train future creators of this form of entertainment. This study investigates the information behavior of a group of 11 video game design undergraduates at one academic institution utilizing focus group interviews and qualitative analysis. Major findings include their need for technique and how-to information related to computer programs such as ZBrush and Unreal Development Kit as well as a need for inspiration and specific visual references. These students rely heavily on web and social resources for troubleshooting assistance and to stay updated about new developments or artists in the field. From the findings,suggestions are made for academic librarians to collect and serve this unique user group.
A method to observe field-region oxide charge and inter-electrode isolation from $CV$-characteristics of $n$-on-$p$ devices
Creators: name: Abdilov, T.
name: Akchurin, N.
name: Carty, C.
name: Kazhykarim, Y.
name: Kuryatkov, V.
name: Peltola, T.
name: Wade, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $N$-on-$p$ silicon sensors will be utilized in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector's tracker and High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) in the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Among their several advantages in terms of radiation hardness over the traditional $p$-on-$n$ sensors in the extreme radiation environment of the HL-LHC are electron collection instead of holes and overlapping maxima of weighting and electric fields at the charge-collecting electrodes. The disadvantage of the multi-channel SiO$_2$-passivated $n$-on-$p$ sensors is the generation of an inversion layer under the Si/SiO$_2$-interface by a positive interface-oxide-charge ($N_\textrm{ox}$) that at high densities can compromise the position resolution by creating a conduction channel between the electrodes. This issue is typically addressed by including additional isolation implants ($p$-stop, $p$-spray) between $n^+$-electrodes. Focusing on the guard-ring regions of $n$-on-$p$ sensors where no isolation implants are applied between the electrodes, a capacitance-voltage ($CV$) characterization study of both 6-inch wafer test diodes and 8-inch HGCAL prototype and pre-series sensors showed a distinct threshold voltage ($V_\textrm{th,iso}$) in the $CV$-characteristics of a biased $n^+$-electrode when its enclosing guard-ring was left floating. When reproduced by simulations, the measured $V_\textrm{th,iso}$ was found to contain information on the field-region $N_\textrm{ox}$ and indicate the threshold where the two electrodes become electrically isolated by the influence of the reverse bias voltage. Together with previous studies on the inter-electrode isolation of irradiated $n$-on-$p$ sensors, the results indicate that position sensitive $n$-on-$p$ sensors without isolation implants may be feasible in future HEP experiments.
description: Corresponding author: T. Peltola. 27 pages, 16 figures, 1 table
The initial conditions of observed star clusters - I. Method description and validation
Creators: name: Pijloo, J. T.
name: Zwart, S. F. Portegies
name: Alexander, P. E. R.
name: Gieles, M.
name: Larsen, S. S.
name: Groot, P. J.
name: Devecchi, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have coupled a fast, parametrized star cluster evolution code to a Markov Chain Monte Carlo code to determine the distribution of probable initial conditions of observed star clusters, which may serve as a starting point for future $N$-body calculations. In this paper we validate our method by applying it to a set of star clusters which have been studied in detail numerically with $N$-body simulations and Monte Carlo methods: the Galactic globular clusters M4, 47 Tucanae, NGC 6397, M22, $ω$ Centauri, Palomar 14 and Palomar 4, the Galactic open cluster M67, and the M31 globular cluster G1. For each cluster we derive a distribution of initial conditions that, after evolution up to the cluster's current age, evolves to the currently observed conditions. We find that there is a connection between the morphology of the distribution of initial conditions and the dynamical age of a cluster and that a degeneracy in the initial half-mass radius towards small radii is present for clusters which have undergone a core collapse during their evolution. We find that the results of our method are in agreement with $N$-body and Monte Carlo studies for the majority of clusters. We conclude that our method is able to find reliable posteriors for the determined initial mass and half-mass radius for observed star clusters, and thus forms an suitable starting point for modeling an observed cluster\rq{}s evolution.
description: 39 pages, 28 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Asymptotics of feature learning in two-layer networks after one gradient-step
Creators: name: Cui, Hugo
name: Pesce, Luca
name: Dandi, Yatin
name: Krzakala, Florent
name: Lu, Yue M.
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
name: Loureiro, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this manuscript, we investigate the problem of how two-layer neural networks learn features from data, and improve over the kernel regime, after being trained with a single gradient descent step. Leveraging the insight from (Ba et al., 2022), we model the trained network by a spiked Random Features (sRF) model. Further building on recent progress on Gaussian universality (Dandi et al., 2023), we provide an exact asymptotic description of the generalization error of the sRF in the high-dimensional limit where the number of samples, the width, and the input dimension grow at a proportional rate. The resulting characterization for sRFs also captures closely the learning curves of the original network model. This enables us to understand how adapting to the data is crucial for the network to efficiently learn non-linear functions in the direction of the gradient -- where at initialization it can only express linear functions in this regime.
Personal Digital Photograph Management and the Impact of Social Media
Creators: name: Solomon, Rebecca
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015
Subjects: Social media
Digital collections
Personal Photograph Management

description: This study describes eight one-on-one interviews of UNC-Chapel Hill undergraduate students about their digital photograph collection. Analysis of the interviews explores how participants manage their personal digital photographs and the influence of social media on their collection management. The participants discussed why they post photographs to social media, why they delete photographs from their devices and social media, and how they transfer photographs between their multiple devices. They also discussed their photograph management through the lifecycle of a photograph, from capturing, editing, sharing, and storing an image on their devices. The social media sites used by the participants included Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Google+, and Picasa.
Additional file 10 of One’s trash is someone else’s treasure: sequence read archives from Lepidoptera genomes provide material for genome reconstruction of their endosymbionts
Creators: name: Twort, Victoria G.
name: Blande, Daniel
name: Duplouy, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Zoology

description: Additional file 10. Figure S4: Phylogenetic relationships between Wolbachia positive SRAs and reference sequences for the MLST gene ftsz.
Generalized identifiability of sums of squares
Creators: name: Ottaviani, Giorgio
name: Turatti, Ettore Teixeira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N07, 14N05, 11E25

description: Let $f$ be a homogeneous polynomial of even degree $d$. We study the decompositions $f=\sum_{i=1}^r f_i^2$ where $\mathrm{deg} f_i=d/2$. The minimal number of summands $r$ is called the $2$-rank of $f$, so that the polynomials having $2$-rank equal to $1$ are exactly the squares. Such decompositions are never unique and they are divided into $\mathrm{O}(r)$-orbits, the problem becomes counting how many different $\mathrm{O}(r)$-orbits of decomposition exist. We say that $f$ is $\mathrm{O}(r)$-identifiable if there is a unique $\mathrm{O}(r)$-orbit. We give sufficient conditions for generic and specific $\mathrm{O}(r)$-identifiability. Moreover, we show the generic $\mathrm{O}(r)$-identifiability of ternary forms.
description: 14 pages, to appear in Journal of Algebra
Generalized nil-Coxeter algebras, cocommutative algebras, and the PBW property
Creators: name: Khare, Apoorva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16S80 (Primary), 16S40, 16T15, 20C08, 20F55 (Secondary)

description: Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt (PBW) Theorems have attracted significant attention since the work of Drinfeld (1986), Lusztig (1989), and Etingof-Ginzburg (2002) on deformations of skew group algebras $H \ltimes {\rm Sym}(V)$, as well as for other cocommutative Hopf algebras $H$. In this paper we show that such PBW theorems do not require the full Hopf algebra structure, by working in the more general setting of a "cocommutative algebra", which involves a coproduct but not a counit or antipode. Special cases include infinitesimal Hecke algebras, as well as symplectic reflection algebras, rational Cherednik algebras, and more generally, Drinfeld orbifold algebras. In this generality we identify precise conditions that are equivalent to the PBW property, including a Yetter-Drinfeld type compatibility condition and a Jacobi identity. We also characterize the graded deformations that possess the PBW property. In turn, the PBW property helps identify an analogue of symplectic reflections in general cocommutative bialgebras. Next, we introduce a family of cocommutative algebras outside the traditionally studied settings: generalized nil-Coxeter algebras. These are necessarily not Hopf algebras, in fact, not even (weak) bialgebras. For the corresponding family of deformed smash product algebras, we compute the center as well as abelianization, and classify all simple modules.
description: Final version, in AMS Contemporary Mathematics
Maximizing the electromagnetic efficiency of spintronic terahertz emitters
Creators: name: Koleják, Pierre
name: Lezier, Geoffrey
name: Vala, Daniel
name: Mathmann, Baptiste
name: Halagačka, Lukáš
name: Gelnárová, Zuzana
name: Dusch, Yannick
name: Lampin, Jean-François
name: Tiercelin, Nicolas
name: Postava, Kamil
name: Vanwolleghem, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spintronic Terahertz Emitters (STE) represent a significant advancement in source technology, exploiting the ultrafast demagnetization process of spin-electrons to unveil a 30THz wide, gapless spectrum, accessible through femtosecond lasers across the full VIS-IR range. This innovation not only positions STEs as a pivotal advancement in THz source technology but also underscores their role as a cost-effective, high-performance solution, thereby redefining standards within the field. However, the inherent spintronic nature of these devices introduces a challenge: a lower optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency, which positions them at a notable disadvantage relative to other sources. In response, this work aims to substantially improve the electromagnetic efficiency of these emitters. This is accomplished by maximizing the energy conversion from the pumping laser for spin-electron generation. Our design integrates STEs with an optimized 1D trapping cavity, specifically engineered to fulfill critical aspects of ultrafast excitation and THz extraction. As a result, we have realized a 245% enhancement in emission and an increase of 8dB in overall intensity, positions our results among the most substantial improvements documented in this field. Furthermore, we delineate the optimal geometry for the deployment of STEs and explore the strategic selection of substrates in depth. Such enhanced emitters advance spintronic emitters towards broader applications in time-domain spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and nonlinear THz-pump spectroscopy. Enhancing spintronic emitter efficiency, combined with rapid magnetic field modulation, indicates the potential for dynamic ranges that rival traditional sources. Our predictions of STE's efficiencies, made through an electromagnetic approach, highlight its capability to uncover overlooked aspects from an optical standpoint, leading to subsequent improvements.
Unmasking the Influence of Social and Structural Factors on Mental Health- A Biological Psychiatric Perspective
Creators: name: Shahzad, Dr Azqa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 520203
subject: Cognitive neuroscience
classificationCode: 520301
subject: Clinical neuropsychology
classificationCode: 520202
subject: Behavioural neuroscience
classificationCode: 520302
subject: Clinical psychology
classificationCode: 520501
subject: Community psychology

description: The field of psychiatry and its related disciplines have acknowledged the significant impact of structural and social determinants on mental health. However, there has been a noticeable lack of attention directed towards understanding the roles of neurobiology in the intricate relationship between these determinants and mental well-being. This research review article seeks to advocate for a heightened focus on structural and social determinants within the realm of biological psychiatry, urging researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers to take notice.In the course of this discussion, we begin by providing comprehensive definitions of these terms and elucidate the theoretical frameworks that underscore their relevance in the context of biological psychiatry. Our exploration then delves into an extensive review of empirical research conducted within marginalized and minoritized communities, spanning racial, ethnic, gender, sexual, and economic dimensions. This research illuminates the ways in which structural and social determinants exert their influence on neurobiological functioning, thereby impacting mental health outcomes. Special emphasis is placed on the field of developmental science and research that is informed by a developmental perspective. This is crucial because structural and social determinants play a pivotal role in shaping neurobiological adaptation and maturation across an individual's lifespan.In conclusion, we provide a series of recommendations aimed at advancing research, clinical practice, and policy initiatives that establish a vital connection between biological psychiatry and structural and social determinants of health. Chief among these recommendations is the imperative to foster diversity within the ranks of biological psychiatry, spanning educational institutions, research laboratories, healthcare facilities, and community health centers. We assert that true transformation and progress in understanding the intricate interplay between structural, social determinants, neurobiology, and mental health will materialize through a fundamental transformation of the discipline itself.
Low-Hanging Fruit and Pain Points:  An Analysis of Change Implementation from Flash Usability Testing at Duke University Libraries
Creators: name: Wilkinson, Jaci
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015
Subjects: Web development
User interfaces (Computer systems)
Websites--Management

description: This paper describes a mixed method study of change implementation resulting from flash usability testing at Duke University Libraries. Flash usability testing, also known as guerilla or on-the-fly, is a method that allows researchers to collect large amounts of data in a short amount of time with quick, unplanned think-aloud tests in a high-traffic library space.
Data from usability reports was triangulated with data from interviews with members of Duke University Libraries' WebX team. WebX is a cross-departmental team that acts as "functional owner" of the libraries' web presence. It commissions flash usability tests and uses the data to implement changes or spur further research. Interviews incorporated a card sort of the recommendations from every flash usability test. The paper unearths myriad attitudes toward the libraries' web presence and perceptions of the role of usability testing in the academic library. Additionally, the paper details the subsequent effectiveness of change implementation.