cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Erasing the variable: Empirical foreground discovery for global 21 cm spectrum experiments
Creators: name: Switzer, Eric R.
name: Liu, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral measurements of the 21 cm monopole background have the promise of revealing the bulk energetic properties and ionization state of our universe from z ~ 6-30. Synchrotron foregrounds are orders of magnitude larger than the cosmological signal, and are the principal challenge faced by these experiments. While synchrotron radiation is thought to be spectrally smooth and described by relatively few degrees of freedom, the instrumental response to bright foregrounds may be much more complex. To deal with such complexities, we develop an approach that discovers contaminated spectral modes using spatial fluctuations of the measured data. This approach exploits the fact that foregrounds vary across the sky while the signal does not. The discovered modes are projected out of each line-of-sight of a data cube. An angular weighting then optimizes the cosmological signal amplitude estimate by giving preference to lower-noise regions. Using this method, we show that it is essential for the passband to be stable to at least ~10^{-4}. In contrast, the constraints on the spectral smoothness of the absolute calibration are mainly aesthetic if one is able to take advantage of spatial information. To the extent it is understood, controlling polarization to intensity leakage at the ~10^{-2} level will also be essential to rejecting Faraday rotation of the polarized synchrotron emission.
description: 20+e pages, 14 figures, as in ApJ
Classical Antiferromagnetism in Kinetically Frustrated Electronic Models
Creators: name: Sposetti, C. N.
name: Bravo, B.
name: Trumper, A. E.
name: Gazza, C. J.
name: Manuel, L. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the infinite U Hubbard model with one hole doped away half-filling, in triangular and square lattices with frustrated hoppings that invalidate Nagaoka's theorem, by means of the density matrix renormalization group. We find that these kinetically frustrated models have antiferromagnetic ground states with classical local magnetization in the thermodynamic limit. We identify the mechanism of this kinetic antiferromagnetism with the release of the kinetic energy frustration as the hole moves in the established antiferromagnetic background. This release can occurs in two different ways: by a non-trivial spin-Berry phase acquired by the hole or by the effective vanishing of the hopping amplitude along the frustrating loops.
description: 12 pages and 4 figures, with Supplementary Material. To be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
The acute effects of intermittent hypoxia on peripheral vascular function in young and older adults
Creators: name: Stray-Gundersen, Sten Oliver
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Intermittent hypoxia
Vascular function
Flow-mediated dilation
Cardiovascular disease

description: Intermittent hypoxia, characterized by repeated bouts of breathing hypoxic air separated by bouts of breathing normoxic air, has gained considerable traction in recent years for its wide-ranging therapeutic effects. The overall theme for this dissertation is centered on the acute effects of intermittent hypoxia on peripheral vascular function in humans. In the first study, we demonstrate that although an intermittent hypoxia protocol consisting of eight 4-min hypoxic cycles induces brachial artery vasodilation, it does not acutely improve flow-mediated dilation, a key measure of endothelium-dependent peripheral vascular function, in young individuals. Similarly, in the second study, we demonstrate that the same intermittent hypoxia protocol consisting of eight 4-min hypoxic cycles can also induce brachial artery vasodilation without acutely affecting flow-mediated dilation in older adults. In the third study, we demonstrate that a short intermittent hypoxia protocol can attenuate the reduction in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation following ischemia-reperfusion injury in older adults. Taken together, the overall findings from this series of investigations highlight the effect of intermittent hypoxia on peripheral vascular function in both young and older adults.
Higher Derivative D-term Inflation in New-minimal Supergravity
Creators: name: Dalianis, Iannis
name: Farakos, Fotis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the D-term inflation and amend it with ghost-free higher derivative couplings of chiral superfields to super-curvature. These couplings realize a more generic inflationary phase in supergravity. After pointing out that a consistent embedding of these specific higher derivatives is known to exist only in the new-minimal supergravity, we show how a potential for the scalar component may arise due to a Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term. We then turn to inflationary cosmology and explicitly discuss different types of potentials, which capture properties of the common scenarios. These models thanks to the derivative coupling: i) naturally evade the supergravity $η$-problem, ii) drive inflation for a wider range of parameter values, and iii) predict lower values for the tensor-to-scalar ratio.
description: plain text, 12 pages, PLB Journal version
German BERT Model for Legal Named Entity Recognition
Creators: name: Darji, Harshil
name: Mitrović, Jelena
name: Granitzer, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The use of BERT, one of the most popular language models, has led to improvements in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. One such task is Named Entity Recognition (NER) i.e. automatic identification of named entities such as location, person, organization, etc. from a given text. It is also an important base step for many NLP tasks such as information extraction and argumentation mining. Even though there is much research done on NER using BERT and other popular language models, the same is not explored in detail when it comes to Legal NLP or Legal Tech. Legal NLP applies various NLP techniques such as sentence similarity or NER specifically on legal data. There are only a handful of models for NER tasks using BERT language models, however, none of these are aimed at legal documents in German. In this paper, we fine-tune a popular BERT language model trained on German data (German BERT) on a Legal Entity Recognition (LER) dataset. To make sure our model is not overfitting, we performed a stratified 10-fold cross-validation. The results we achieve by fine-tuning German BERT on the LER dataset outperform the BiLSTM-CRF+ model used by the authors of the same LER dataset. Finally, we make the model openly available via HuggingFace.
description: Presented at ICAART 2023
A spin glass perspective on ferroic glasses
Creators: name: Sherrington, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A range of ferroic glasses, magnetic, polar, relaxor and strain glasses, are considered together from the perspective of spin glasses. Simple mathematical modelling is shown to provide a possible conceptual unification to back similarities of experimental observations, without considering all possible complexities and alternatives.
description: Misprint corrected. Now available at http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com under DOI 10.1002/pssb.201350391
A Renewal version of the Sanov theorem
Creators: name: Mariani, Mauro
name: Zambotti, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F10, 60K05

description: Large deviations for the local time of a process $X_t$ are investigated, where $X_t=x_i$ for $t \in [S_{i-1},S_i[$ and $(x_j)$ are i.i.d.\ random variables on a Polish space, $S_j$ is the $j$-th arrival time of a renewal process depending on $(x_j)$. No moment conditions are assumed on the arrival times of the renewal process.
description: 13 pages
Polynomial fits and the proton radius puzzle
Creators: name: Kraus, E.
name: Mesick, K. E.
name: White, A.
name: Gilman, R.
name: Strauch, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Proton Radius Puzzle refers to the ~7σ discrepancy that exists between the proton charge radius determined from muonic hydrogen and that determined from electronic hydrogen spectroscopy and electron-proton scattering. One possible partial resolution to the puzzle includes errors in the extraction of the proton radius from ep elastic scattering data. This possibility is made plausible by certain fits which extract a smaller proton radius from the scattering data consistent with that determined from muonic hydrogen. The reliability of some of these fits that yield a smaller proton radius was studied. We found that fits of form factor data with a truncated polynomial fit are unreliable and systematically give values for the proton radius that are too small. Additionally, a polynomial fit with a χ^2_{reduced} ~ 1 is not a sufficient indication for a reliable result.
Experimental Designs for Heteroskedastic Variance
Creators: name: Weltz, Justin
name: Fiez, Tanner
name: Volfovsky, Alexander
name: Laber, Eric
name: Mason, Blake
name: Nassif, Houssam
name: Jain, Lalit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Most linear experimental design problems assume homogeneous variance although heteroskedastic noise is present in many realistic settings. Let a learner have access to a finite set of measurement vectors $\mathcal{X}\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ that can be probed to receive noisy linear responses of the form $y=x^{\top}θ^{\ast}+η$. Here $θ^{\ast}\in \mathbb{R}^d$ is an unknown parameter vector, and $η$ is independent mean-zero $σ_x^2$-sub-Gaussian noise defined by a flexible heteroskedastic variance model, $σ_x^2 = x^{\top}Σ^{\ast}x$. Assuming that $Σ^{\ast}\in \mathbb{R}^{d\times d}$ is an unknown matrix, we propose, analyze and empirically evaluate a novel design for uniformly bounding estimation error of the variance parameters, $σ_x^2$. We demonstrate the benefits of this method with two adaptive experimental design problems under heteroskedastic noise, fixed confidence transductive best-arm identification and level-set identification and prove the first instance-dependent lower bounds in these settings. Lastly, we construct near-optimal algorithms and demonstrate the large improvements in sample complexity gained from accounting for heteroskedastic variance in these designs empirically.
Heavy Vector Triplets: Bridging Theory and Data
Creators: name: Pappadopulo, Duccio
name: Thamm, Andrea
name: Torre, Riccardo
name: Wulzer, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a model-independent strategy to study narrow resonances which we apply to a heavy vector triplet of the Standard Model (SM) group for illustration. The method is based on a simplified phenomenological Lagrangian which reproduces a large class of explicit models. Firstly, this allows us to derive robust model-independent phenomenological features and, conversely, to identify the peculiarities of different explicit realizations. Secondly, limits on cross-section times BR can be converted into bounds on a few relevant parameters in a fully analytic way, allowing for an interpretation in any given explicit model. Based on the available 8 TeV LHC analyses, we derive current limits and interpret them for vector triplets arising in weakly coupled (gauge) and strongly coupled (composite) extensions of the SM. We point out that a model-independent limit setting procedure must be based on purely on-shell quantities, like a cross-section times BR. Finite width effects altering the limits can be considerably reduced by focusing on the on-shell signal region. We illustrate this aspect with a study of the invariant mass distribution in di-lepton searches and the transverse mass distribution in lepton-neutrino final states. In addition to this paper we provide a set of online tools available at a dedicated webpage.
description: 53 pages, 10 figures; references added, typos corrected; published version
${\tt MORALS}$: Analysis of High-Dimensional Robot Controllers via Topological Tools in a Latent Space
Creators: name: Vieira, Ewerton R.
name: Sivaramakrishnan, Aravind
name: Tangirala, Sumanth
name: Granados, Edgar
name: Mischaikow, Konstantin
name: Bekris, Kostas E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Estimating the region of attraction (${\tt RoA}$) for a robot controller is essential for safe application and controller composition. Many existing methods require a closed-form expression that limit applicability to data-driven controllers. Methods that operate only over trajectory rollouts tend to be data-hungry. In prior work, we have demonstrated that topological tools based on ${\it Morse Graphs}$ (directed acyclic graphs that combinatorially represent the underlying nonlinear dynamics) offer data-efficient ${\tt RoA}$ estimation without needing an analytical model. They struggle, however, with high-dimensional systems as they operate over a state-space discretization. This paper presents ${\it Mo}$rse Graph-aided discovery of ${\it R}$egions of ${\it A}$ttraction in a learned ${\it L}$atent ${\it S}$pace (${\tt MORALS}$). The approach combines auto-encoding neural networks with Morse Graphs. ${\tt MORALS}$ shows promising predictive capabilities in estimating attractors and their ${\tt RoA}$s for data-driven controllers operating over high-dimensional systems, including a 67-dim humanoid robot and a 96-dim 3-fingered manipulator. It first projects the dynamics of the controlled system into a learned latent space. Then, it constructs a reduced form of Morse Graphs representing the bistability of the underlying dynamics, i.e., detecting when the controller results in a desired versus an undesired behavior. The evaluation on high-dimensional robotic datasets indicates data efficiency in ${\tt RoA}$ estimation.
description: The first two authors contributed equally to this paper
Quantum support vector data description for anomaly detection
Creators: name: Oh, Hyeondo
name: Park, Daniel K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anomaly detection is a critical problem in data analysis and pattern recognition, finding applications in various domains. We introduce quantum support vector data description (QSVDD), an unsupervised learning algorithm designed for anomaly detection. QSVDD utilizes a shallow-depth quantum circuit to learn a minimum-volume hypersphere that tightly encloses normal data, tailored for the constraints of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing. Simulation results on the MNIST and Fashion MNIST image datasets demonstrate that QSVDD outperforms both quantum autoencoder and deep learning-based approaches under similar training conditions. Notably, QSVDD offers the advantage of training an extremely small number of model parameters, which grows logarithmically with the number of input qubits. This enables efficient learning with a simple training landscape, presenting a compact quantum machine learning model with strong performance for anomaly detection.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Trained resnet50 ONNX Model for MLPerf Cloud Inference
Creators: name: Https://Github.Com/Mlperf/Training/Tree/Master/Image_classification
name: Https://Github.Com/Tensorflow/Models/Tree/Master/Official/Resnet
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Image Classification, resnet50, tensorflow, ONNX, Inference, Imagenet2012, Inference, Pretrained Model

description: Application: Image Classification
	ML Task: ResNet-50
	Framework: ONNX (via tensorflow)
	Training Information:
	Quality: 76.53%
	Precision: fp32
	Is Quantized: no
	Is ONNX: yes
	Dataset: http://www.image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/
description: How this model was created:
```
download  the frozen tensorflow model from https://zenodo.org/deposit/2535873
pip install -U tf2onnx
python -m tf2onnx.convert --input resnet50_v1.pb --inputs input_tensor:0 --inputs-as-nchw input_tensor:0 --outputs ArgMax:0 --verbose --opset 8 --output resnet50_v1.onnx
```
Nonlinearity-Induced Entanglement Stability in a Qubit-Oscillator System
Creators: name: Montenegro, Víctor
name: Ferraro, Alessandro
name: Bose, Sougato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a system composed of a qubit interacting with a quartic (undriven) nonlinear oscillator (NLO) through a conditional displacement Hamiltonian. We show that even a modest nonlinear perturbation in the NLO potential can enhance and stabilize the quantum entanglement dynamically generated between the qubit and the NLO. In absence of the nonlinearity the entanglement between the qubit and the oscillator is known to periodically oscillate between 0 and 1, whereas the nonlinearity suppresses the dynamical decay of entanglement once it is generated. While the generation of entanglement is due to the superposition principle combined with conditional displacements in the NLO, as noted in several works before, the improvements in this entanglement is because of the squeezing and other complex processes induced by two- and four-phonon interactions. Finally, we have solved the Markovian master equation, and even in this open case the system preserves the previous features and remain robust.
description: v2: 11 pages, 10 figures (based on the reviewed version)
О творби речи – од терминологије до синонимије
Creators: name: Радић, Првослав
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: творба речи
Божо Ћорић
српски језик

description: Приказ књиге.
description: Приказ књиге Божо Ћорић, Творба именица у српском језику (Одабране теме), Библиотека Књижевност и језик, књига 24, Друштво за српски језик и књижевност Србије, Београд 2008, 1–256
Toddlers' inhalation exposure to permethrin in house dust
Creators: name: Zhou, Jiaqi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: The overall objective of this study is to better characterize a toddler’s inhalation exposure to permethrin in house dust by conducting the following three studies: 1) measuring permethrin concentrations in a toddler’s breathing zone via three different sampling approaches: mobile, stationary and settled dust on vinyl floor and carpeted floor in a simulated indoor environment; 2) identifying the particle size distribution in resuspended dust and settled dust; 3) performing Monte-Carlo simulation to probabilistically estimate toddlers’ inhalation exposures to permethrin via the three sampling approaches considering toddlers’ time and activity pattern.The mean permethrin airborne concentrations in the stationary and mobile samples were 0.065 μg/m3 and 0.14 μg/m3 for the vinyl floor with 1 g/m2 dust loading, and 0.034 μg/m3 and 0.061 μg/m3 for the carpeted floor with 10 g/m2 dust loading, respectively. Permethrin concentrations in the settled dust samples were approximately one-fourth of that measured in the stationary and mobile samples in the carpeted floor experiments. Thus, the use of stationary samples and settled dust samples may underestimate a toddler’s personal inhalation exposure to permethrin in residential houses by approximately a factor of 2 and 4, respectively.Particle mass concentrations measured in mobile samples were significantly higher than that measured in stationary samples. Thus, using stationary sampling would underestimate toddlers’ inhalation exposure to particles and potentially the contaminants attached onto the particles. Particle size distributions in mobile and stationary samples were not statistically significantly different from each other. However, settled dust samples have a significantly higher percentage of large particles (5-10 μm) and lower percentage of small particles (1-2.5 μm). Smaller particles have a larger surface area per volume, potentially resulting in more toxic semi-volatile chemicals attached per mass. Therefore, using settled dust as an indicator of young children’s exposure would underestimate their exposure to toxic chemicals.Toddlers’ inhalation exposure to permethrin in the simulated residential environment and the impact of toddlers’ activities on the estimation of toddlers’ inhalation exposure to permethrin were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis. Comparing three different modeling approaches (mobile, stationary and settled dust), toddlers’ inhalation exposure to permethrin was impacted by their indoor activities. If the mobile sample best represents a toddler’s exposure, using settled dust to estimate toddlers’ daily inhalation intake might overestimate this value, while using stationary samples might underestimate toddlers’ daily inhalation intake compared to using mobile samples.
Search for Low-Mass Dark Matter with CsI(Tl) Crystal Detectors
Creators: name: Lee, H. S.
name: Bhang, H.
name: Choi, J. H.
name: Choi, S.
name: Hahn, I. S.
name: Jeon, E. J.
name: Joo, H. W.
name: Kang, W. G.
name: Kim, B. H.
name: Kim, G. B.
name: Kim, H. J.
name: Kim, J. H.
name: Kim, K. W.
name: Kim, S. C.
name: Kim, S. K.
name: Kim, Y. D.
name: Kim, Y. H.
name: Lee, J. H.
name: Lee, J. K.
name: Lee, S. J.
name: Leonard, D. S.
name: Li, J.
name: Li, J.
name: Li, Y. J.
name: Li, X. R.
name: Myung, S. S.
name: Olsen, S. L.
name: Park, J. W.
name: Seong, I. S.
name: So, J. H.
name: Yue, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for low-mass ($\leq 20 GeV/c^{2}$) weakly interacting massive particles(WIMPs), strong candidates of dark matter particles,using the low-background CsI(Tl) detector array of the Korea Invisible Mass Search (KIMS) experiment. With a total data exposure of 24,324.3kg$\cdot$days,we search for WIMP interaction signals produced by nuclei recoiling from WIMP-nuclear elastic scattering with visible energies between 2 and 4keV. The observed energy distribution of candidate events is consistent with null signals, and upper limits of the WIMP-proton spin-independent interaction are set with a 90% confidence level. The observed limit rejects most of the low mass region of parameter space favored by the DAMA annual modulation signal.
description: 6pages, 5 figures
The Fractal-Lattice Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Conte, Monica
name: Zampronio, Vinicius
name: Röntgen, Malte
name: Smith, Cristiane Morais
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we investigate the fractal-lattice Hubbard model using various numerical methods: exact diagonalization, the self-consistent diagonalization of a (mean-field) Hartree-Fock Hamiltonian and state-of-the-art Auxiliary-Field Quantum Monte Carlo. We focus on the Sierpinski triangle with Hausdorff dimension $1.58$ and consider several generations. In the tight-binding limit, we find compact localised states, which are also explained in terms of symmetry and linked to the formation of a ferrimagnetic phase at weak interaction. Simulations at half-filling revealed the persistence of this type of magnetic order for every value of interaction strength and a Mott transition for U/t $\sim$ 4.5. In addition, we found a remarkable dependence on the Hausdorff dimension regarding $i)$ the number of compact localised states in different generations, $ii)$ the scaling of the total many-body ground-state energy in the tight-binding limit, and $iii)$ the density of the states at the corners of the lattice for specific values of electronic filling. Moreover, in the presence of an intrinsic spin-orbit coupling, the zero-energy compact localized states become entangled and give rise to inner and outer corner modes.
description: 21 pages and 26 figures
Structural and dynamic investigations of type I collagen and integrin I domains and implications for their interactions
Creators: name: Zhu, Jie
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: Integrin–collagen interactions play a critical role in numerous cellular functions. In this dissertation, the structures, dynamics, and interactions of the type I collagen and integrin I domains are investigated. The objective is to gain insight into the mechanism of the collagen–integrin interactions.Collagen fibril interactions with cells and macromolecules in the extracellular matrix drive numerous cellular functions. Binding motifs for dozens of collagen-binding proteins have been determined on fully exposed collagen triple helical monomers. However, when the monomers are assembled into the functional collagen fibril, binding motifs become inaccessible, and yet critical cellular processes continue to occur. Here we use an integrative approach by combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments and show that fluctuations of the collagen monomers within the complex fibril play a critical role in collagen interactions.To better understand the mechanisms underlying collagen-induced conformational switches of integrin I domains, we employ NMR hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) experiments to explore the impact of slower timescale dynamic events. NMR HDX results suggest a relationship between regions exhibiting a reduced local stability in the unbound I domain and those that undergo significant conformational changes upon binding. This study supports a model in which intrinsically destabilized regions predispose conformational rearrangement in the integrin I domain.The morphology and mechanical properties of type I collagen fibrils vary greatly in different tissues. Integrins have been proposed to regulate the type I collagen fibrillogenesis in vivo. Here we report on the type I collagen fibrillogenesis affected by integrin I domains and mutants. The conducted experiments showed that integrins and variants slowed down the kinetics of type I collagen fibril formation and reduced the sizes of the immature fibrils. The gain-of-function mutants inhibited the fusions of fibrils. Enhanced viscosities of collagen gels were observed in the presence of integrin I domains, implying stronger interactions between collagen fibrils. We propose that in vivo, integrins of different activation states might regulate collagen fibrillogenesis.
Multi-Symplectic Magnetohydrodynamics
Creators: name: Webb, G. M.
name: McKenzie, J. F.
name: Zank, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multi-symplectic formulation of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is developed based on a Clebsch variable variational principle in which the Lagrangian consists of the kinetic minus the potential energy of the MHD fluid modified by constraints using Lagrange multipliers, that ensure mass conservation, entropy advection with the flow, the Lin constraint and Faraday's equation (i.e the magnetic flux is Lie dragged with the flow). The analysis is also carried out using the magnetic vector potential $\tilde{\bf A}$ where $α=\tilde{\bf A}{\bf\cdot}d{\bf x}$ is Lie dragged with the flow, where ${\bf B}=\nabla\times\tilde{\bf A}$. The symplecticity conservation laws are shown to give rise to the Eulerian momentum and energy conservation laws in MHD. Noether's theorem for the multi-symplectic MHD system is derived, including the case of non-Cartesian space coordinates, where the metric plays a role in the equations.
description: 34 pages, 0 figures
Two-Qubit Couplings of Singlet-Triplet Qubits Mediated by One Quantum State
Creators: name: Mehl, Sebastian
name: Bluhm, Hendrik
name: DiVincenzo, David P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe high-fidelity entangling gates between singlet-triplet qubits (STQs) which are coupled via one quantum state (QS). The QS can be provided by a quantum dot itself or by another confined system. The orbital energies of the QS are tunable using an electric gate close to the QS, which changes the interactions between the STQs independent of their single-qubit parameters. Short gating sequences exist for the controlled NOT (CNOT) operations. We show that realistic quantum dot setups permit excellent entangling operations with gate infidelities below $10^{-3}$, which is lower than the quantum error correction threshold of the surface code. We consider limitations from fabrication errors, hyperfine interactions, spin-orbit interactions, and charge noise in GaAs and Si heterostructures.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Designing Observables for Measurements with Deep Learning
Creators: name: Long, Owen
name: Nachman, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many analyses in particle and nuclear physics use simulations to infer fundamental, effective, or phenomenological parameters of the underlying physics models. When the inference is performed with unfolded cross sections, the observables are designed using physics intuition and heuristics. We propose to design targeted observables with machine learning. Unfolded, differential cross sections in a neural network output contain the most information about parameters of interest and can be well-measured by construction. The networks are trained using a custom loss function that rewards outputs that are sensitive to the parameter(s) of interest while simultaneously penalizing outputs that are different between particle-level and detector-level (to minimize detector distortions). We demonstrate this idea in simulation using two physics models for inclusive measurements in deep inelastic scattering. We find that the new approach is more sensitive than classical observables at distinguishing the two models and also has a reduced unfolding uncertainty due to the reduced detector distortions.
description: This is the version published in EPJC
Flow Oriented Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Salas-Bernárdez, Alexandre
name: Borinsky, Michael
name: Capatti, Zeno
name: Laenen, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flow Oriented Perturbation Theory (FOPT) is a novel approach to Feynman diagrams based on the coordinate (position) space description of Quantum Field Theories (QFT). FOPT offers interesting features regarding the computation of higher-loop Feynman amplitudes such as combinatorial and canonical Feynman rules, explicit infrared singularity factorization on a per-diagram level and the potential to have manifest cancellation of real and virtual singularities. In these proceedings we briefly summarize the derivation of FOPT and present its Feynman rules for covariant diagrams, S-matrix elements and cut diagrams in massless scalar QFT, supported by examples. We then discuss the extension of FOPT to massless fermion fields and indicate steps towards the treatment of massive lines in arbitrary dimensions.
description: Proceedings for the 16th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections: Applications of Quantum Field Theory to Phenomenology (RADCOR2023) 28th May - 2nd June, 2023 Crieff, Scotland, UK
S1: Young death assemblages with limited time-averaging in rocky and Posidonia oceanica habitats in the Mediterranean Sea
Creators: name: Albano, Paolo G.
name: Hua, Quan
name: Kaufman, Darrell S.
name: Zuschin, Martin
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Additional information on methodology
Critical behaviours of contact near phase transitions
Creators: name: Chen, Y. -Y.
name: Jiang, Y. -Z.
name: Guan, X. -W.
name: Zhou, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A central quantity of importance for ultracold atoms is contact, which measures two-body correlations at short distances in dilute systems. It appears in universal relations among thermodynamic quantities, such as large momentum tails, energy, and dynamic structure factors, through the renowned Tan relations. However, a conceptual question remains open as to whether or not contact can signify phase transitions that are insensitive to short-range physics. Here we show that, near a continuous classical or quantum phase transition, contact exhibits a variety of critical behaviors, including scaling laws and critical exponents that are uniquely determined by the universality class of the phase transition and a constant contact per particle. We also use a prototypical exactly solvable model to demonstrate these critical behaviors in one-dimensional strongly interacting fermions. Our work establishes an intrinsic connection between the universality of dilute many-body systems and universal critical phenomena near a phase transition.
description: Final version published in Nat. Commun. 5:5140 doi: 10.1038/ncomms6140 (2014)
Dealing with correlated choices: How a spin-glass model can help political parties select their policies
Creators: name: Moore, M. A.
name: Katzgraber, Helmut G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from preferences on N proposed policies obtained via questionnaires from a sample of the electorate, an Ising spin-glass model in a field can be constructed from which a political party could find the subset of the proposed policies which would maximize its appeal, form a coherent choice in the eyes of the electorate, and have maximum overlap with the party's existing policies. We illustrate the application of the procedure by simulations of a spin glass in a random field on scale-free networks.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Die Ortsnamen auf den merowingischen Monetarmünzen des Münzkabinetts des Bode-Museums Berlin
Creators: name: Eufe, Rembert
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Merowinger; Frankenreich; Münzen; Monetarmünzen; Numismatik; Toponomastik; Onomastik; Ortsnamen; Namenforschung; Frankreich; Französisch; Frühmittelalter; Mediävistik; Mittelalter; Romanistik; romanische Sprachen; Gallisch; Latein
subject: 400 Sprachwissenschaft, Linguistik
subject: 440 Französisch, romanische Sprachen allgemein
subject: 470 Latein
subject: 490 Andere Sprachen
subject: 930 Alte Geschichte, Archäologie
subject: 940 Geschichte Europas
subject: 943 Geschichte Deutschlands

description: Die Veröffentlichung hat 67 Ortsangaben zum Gegenstand, die auf Münzen der Sammlung merowingischer Monetarmünzen des Berlinder Bode-Museums erscheinen (fast 500 Stücke). Diese Ortsnamen werden im Hinblick auf ihre Bedeutung und Etymologie analysiert, außerdem werden die Lokalisierungen der Orte durch die bisherige Forschung überprüft und gegebenenfalls neue Zuweisungen vorgeschlagen.
The carbon footprint of astronomical research infrastructures
Creators: name: Knödlseder, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the carbon footprint of astronomical research infrastructures, including space telescopes and probes and ground-based observatories. Our analysis suggests annual greenhouse gas emissions of $1.2\pm0.2$ MtCO$_2$e yr$^{-1}$ due to construction and operation of the world-fleet of astronomical observatories, corresponding to a carbon footprint of 36.6$\pm$14.0 tCO$_2$e per year and average astronomer. We show that decarbonising astronomical facilities is compromised by the continuous deployment of new facilities, suggesting that a significant reduction in the deployment pace of new facilities is needed to reduce the carbon footprint of astronomy. We propose measures that would bring astronomical activities more in line with the imperative to reduce the carbon footprint of all human activities.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, presented in plenary of SF2A 2022 meeting in Besan\c{c}on
Extremely large anomalous Hall conductivity and unusual axial diamagnetism in a quasi-1D Dirac material La$_3$MgBi$_5$
Creators: name: Yi, Zhe-Kai
name: Guo, Peng-Jie
name: Liang, Hui
name: Li, Yi-Ran
name: Su, Ping
name: Li, Na
name: Zhou, Ying
name: Wu, Dan-Dan
name: Sun, Yan
name: Yue, Xiao-Yu
name: Li, Qiu-Ju
name: Wang, Shou-Guo
name: Sun, Xue-Feng
name: Wang, Yi-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anomalous Hall effect (AHE), one of the most important electronic transport phenomena, generally appears in ferromagnetic materials but is rare in materials without magnetic elements. Here, we present a study of La$_3$MgBi$_5$, whose band structure carries multitype Dirac fermions. Although magnetic elements are absent in La$_3$MgBi$_5$, clear signals of AHE can be observed. In particular, the anomalous Hall conductivity is extremely large, reaching 42,356 $Ω^{-1}$ cm$^{-1}$ with an anomalous Hall angle of 8.8 %, the largest one that has been observed in the current AHE systems. The AHE is suggested to originate from the combination of skew scattering and Berry curvature. Another unique property discovered in La$_3$MgBi$_5$ is the axial diamagnetism. The diamagnetism is significantly enhanced and dominates the magnetization in the axial directions, which is the result of restricted motion of the Dirac fermion at Fermi level. Our findings not only establish La$_3$MgBi$_5$ as a suitable platform to study AHE and quantum transport, but also indicate the great potential of 315-type Bi-based materials for exploring novel physical properties.
What could we learn from a sharply falling positron fraction?
Creators: name: Delahaye, Timur
name: Kotera, Kumiko
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results from the AMS-02 data have confirmed that the cosmic ray positron fraction increases with energy between 10 and 200GeV. This quantity should not exceed 50%, and it is hence expected that it will either converge towards 50% or fall. We study the possibility that future data may show the positron fraction dropping down abruptly to the level expected with only secondary production, and forecast the implications of such a feature in term of possible injection mechanisms that include both dark matter and pulsars. {Were a sharp steepening to be found, rather surprisingly, we conclude that pulsar models would do at least as well as dark matter scenarios in terms of accounting for any spectral cut-off.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, matches published version, no change to the conclusions
Urban Policy Trends: Mayor and Council Satisfaction in Calgary
Creators: name: Lucas, Jack
Publisher: name: The School of Public Policy Publications
Year: 2019

description: How satisfied are Calgarians with their city council? To answer this question, The School of Public Policy partnered with the Canadian Municipal Election Study to survey 2,001 Calgarians at the end of 2018. The survey was carried out by Forum Research between November 14 and December 13, 2018; margins of error for overall satisfaction scores reported here are +/- 2.2% (mayor) and +/-2.3% (council).
description: The School of Public Policy Publications, Vol 12 (2019)
Darolutamide: a review in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Creators: name: Scott, Lesley J.
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: Declarations
 Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding. Authorship and Conflict of interest Lesley Scott is a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, and declares no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article content. Ethics approval, Consent to participate, Consent to publish, Availability of data and material, Code availability Not applicable

Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here

AbstractOral darolutamide (Nubeqa™) is a novel second-generation, nonsteroidal, selective androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). In the pivotal multinational, phase 3 ARAMIS trial in men with nmCRPC, relative to placebo plus ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), darolutamide (+ ADT) significantly prolonged metastasis-free survival (MFS) at the time of the primary analysis and overall survival (OS) at the time of the final OS analysis and was generally well tolerated in extended follow-up. Albeit long-term data from the real-world setting are required to fully define the safety profile of darolutamide, current evidence from the final ARAMIS analysis indicates that darolutamide has a low propensity for CNS-related adverse events (AEs) associated with other currently approved second-generation AR inhibitors. Given the efficacy and safety evidence from the final ARAMIS analysis and the key role of second-generation AR inhibitors in the management of nmCRPC, darolutamide + ADT represents an important emerging option for the treatment of men with nmCRPC who are at high risk of developing metastatic prostate cancer.© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
The cortical hem lacks stem cell potential despite expressing SOX9 and HOPX.
Creators: name: Caramello, Alessia
name: Galichet, Christophe
name: Sopena, Miriam Llorian
name: Lovell-Badge, Robin
name: Rizzoti, Karine
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Model organisms
subject: Tumour Biology
subject: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Stem Cells

description: The adult dentate gyrus (DG) of rodents hosts a neural stem cell (NSC) niche capable of generating new neurons throughout life. The embryonic origin and molecular mechanisms underlying formation of DG NSCs are still being investigated. We performed a bulk transcriptomic analysis on mouse developing archicortex conditionally deleted for Sox9, a SoxE transcription factor controlling both gliogenesis and NSC formation, and identified Hopx, a recently identified marker of both prospective adult DG NSCs and astrocytic progenitors, as being downregulated. We confirm SOX9 is required for HOPX expression in the embryonic archicortex. In particular, we found that both NSC markers are highly expressed in the CH, while only weakly in the adjacent dentate neuroepithelium (DNE), suggesting a potential CH embryonic origin for DG NSCs. However, we demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo that the embryonic CH, as well as its adult derivatives, lack stem cell potential. Instead, deletion of Sox9 in the DNE affects both HOPX expression and NSC formation in the adult DG. We conclude that HOPX expression in the CH is involved in astrocytic differentiation downstream of SOX9, which we previously showed regulates DG development by inducing formation of a CH-derived astrocytic scaffold. All together these results suggest that both proteins work in a dose-dependent manner to drive either astrocytic differentiation in CH, or NSC formation in DNE. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Impact of Feature Selection and Transformation on Machine Learning Methods in Determining the Credit Scoring
Creators: name: Koc, Oguz
name: Ugur, Omur
name: Kestel, A. Sevtap
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Banks utilize credit scoring as an important indicator of financial strength and eligibility for credit. Scoring models aim to assign statistical odds or probabilities for predicting if there is a risk of nonpayment in relation to many other factors which may be involved in. This paper aims to illustrate the beneficial use of the eight machine learning (ML) methods (Support Vector Machine, Gaussian Naive Bayes, Decision Trees, Random Forest, XGBoost, K-Nearest Neighbors, Multi-layer Perceptron Neural Networks) and Logistic Regression in finding the default risk as well as the features contributing to it. An extensive comparison is made in three aspects: (i) which ML models with and without its own wrapper feature selection performs the best; (ii) how feature selection combined with appropriate data scaling method influences the performance; (iii) which of the most successful combination (algorithm, feature selection, and scaling) delivers the best validation indicators such as accuracy rate, Type I and II errors and AUC. An open-access credit scoring default risk data sets on German and Australian cases are taken into account, for which we determine the best method, scaling, and features contributing to default risk best and compare our findings with the literature ones in related. We illustrate the positive contribution of the selection method and scaling on the performance indicators compared to the existing literature.
Quantum Splines for Non-Linear Approximations
Creators: name: Macaluso, Antonio
name: Clissa, Luca
name: Lodi, Stefano
name: Sartori, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum Computing offers a new paradigm for efficient computing and many AI applications could benefit from its potential boost in performance. However, the main limitation is the constraint to linear operations that hampers the representation of complex relationships in data. In this work, we propose an efficient implementation of quantum splines for non-linear approximation. In particular, we first discuss possible parametrisations, and select the most convenient for exploiting the HHL algorithm to obtain the estimates of spline coefficients. Then, we investigate QSpline performance as an evaluation routine for some of the most popular activation functions adopted in ML. Finally, a detailed comparison with classical alternatives to the HHL is also presented.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables