cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Real-Time Dispatching Strategy for Shared Automated Electric Vehicles with Performance Guarantees
Creators: name: Li, Li
name: Pantelidis, Theodoros
name: Chow, Joseph Y. J.
name: Jabari, Saif Eddin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Real-time vehicle dispatching operations in traditional car-sharing systems is an already computationally challenging scheduling problem. Electrification only exacerbates the computational difficulties as charge level constraints come into play. To overcome this complexity, we employ an online minimum drift plus penalty (MDPP) approach for SAEV systems that (i) does not require a priori knowledge of customer arrival rates to the different parts of the system (i.e. it is practical from a real-world deployment perspective), (ii) ensures the stability of customer waiting times, (iii) ensures that the deviation of dispatch costs from a desirable dispatch cost can be controlled, and (iv) has a computational time-complexity that allows for real-time implementation. Using an agent-based simulator developed for SAEV systems, we test the MDPP approach under two scenarios with real-world calibrated demand and charger distributions: 1) a low-demand scenario with long trips, and 2) a high-demand scenario with short trips. The comparisons with other algorithms under both scenarios show that the proposed online MDPP outperforms all other algorithms in terms of both reduced customer waiting times and vehicle dispatching costs.
Corpus-based approach meets LFG: Puzzling voice alternation in Indonesian
Creators: name: Rajeg, Gede Primahadi Wijaya
name: Rajeg, I Made
name: Arka, I Wayan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200408 Linguistic Structures (incl. Grammar, Phonology, Lexicon, Semantics)
subject: 200313 Indonesian Languages
subject: 200402 Computational Linguistics

description: Accepted abstract for the 25th International Lexical-Functional Grammar Conference (organised digitally from 23 - 26 June 2020).
In this talk, we show that voice alternation is not only about meaning-preserving phenomenon and re-alignment of grammatical relations and semantic roles. We argue, instead, that such phenomenon also involves lexical-meaning construction with holistic morpho-semantic and usage properties that may differ between voice types for a given verbal root.
We contrast the distribution of different senses for verbs based on the Indonesian verbal root kena 'get hit' in different voice constructions (i.e. dikenai, dikenakan, mengenai, and mengenakan).
Based on quantitative, corpus-based evidence, we show that different meanings conveyed by a given verb (e.g. kenai) find different expression in different voice types (e.g. the different predominant sense for the A(ctive) V(oice) mengenai vs. PASS(ive) voice dikenai).
Our findings challenge the status-quo in linguistic theorising that voice alternation is a matter of re-alignment of syntactic function and semantic-role as well as meaning-preserving phenomenon (cf. Kroeger 2005: 271); however, from the usage-based perspective, voice in Indonesian can be seen as morphological constructions as they may involve lexical-meaning construction for each voice type for a given root, bringing about distinct usage/semantic preferences between alternating voice (e.g. between AV and PASS form).
We capture distinct semantic preferences across voice using Lexical-Functional Grammar formalism and Optimality Theory (OT) analysis.
The precursor of this study can be seen in G.P.W. Rajeg, I M. Rajeg, I W. Arka (2020).
We are also working on language-production experimental data to further test our corpus-based findings regarding the predominant sense for a given verb in a given voice.
On supersymmetric gauge theories with higher derivatives and nonlocal terms in the matter sector
Creators: name: Gama, F. S.
name: Nascimento, J. R.
name: Petrov, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we consider local and nonlocal higher-derivative generalizations of the super-Chern-Simons theory and four-dimensional SQED. In contrast to previous studies, the models studied here also have higher-derivative terms in the matter sector. For these models, we calculate the one-loop superfield effective potential.
description: 16 pages
Algebraic Bethe Ansatz solutions for the $sl(2|1)^{(2)}$ and $osp(2|1)$ models with boundary terms
Creators: name: Kurak, V.
name: Lima-Santos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work is concerned with the formulation of the graded quantum inverse scattering method for a class oflattice models with reflecting boundary conditions. The $sl(2|1)^{(2)}$ and $osp(2|1)$ models are considered with their diagonal reflections in BFB grading. This allowed us to derive the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for the corresponding transfer matrices as well as explicit expressions for the Bethe Ansatz equations.
description: 24 pages, LaTex, minor corrections, 1 added reference
On the formation of energy spectra of synchrotron X-rays and inverse Compton gamma-rays in binary systems with luminous optical stars
Creators: name: Khangulyan, D.
name: Aharonian, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study formation broad band energy spectra of electrons due to synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton (IC) scattering. The effect of transition of IC cooling from the Thomson regime to the Klein-Nishina regime can be very significant in the environments where radiation density dominates over the magnetic field density. We discuss impact of this effect on the formation of synchrotron and IC radiation components of TeV electrons in binary systems with very luminous optical stars. Such a scenario can be realized, for example, at the wind termination shock of the pulsar in PSR B1259-63/SS2883 or in the jets of microquasars. The calculations are based on the solution of Boltzmann equation using precise differential Compton cross-section.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, to appear in the AIP Conference Proceedings of the international symposium of high-energy gamma-ray astronomy, v. 745, p. 359
Quantum phase transitions in alternating transverse Ising chains
Creators: name: Derzhko, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This chapter is devoted to a discussion of quantum phase transitions in regularly alternating spin-1/2 Ising chain in a transverse field. After recalling some generally-known topics of the classical (temperature-driven) phase transition theory and some basic concepts of the quantum phase transition theory I pass to the statistical mechanics calculations for a one-dimensional spin-1/2 Ising model in a transverse field, which is the simplest possible system exhibiting the continuous quantum phase transition. The essential tool for these calculations is the Jordan-Wigner fermionization. The latter technique being completed by the continued fraction approach permits to obtain analytically the thermodynamic quantities for a `slightly complicated' model in which the intersite exchange interactions and on-site fields vary regularly along a chain. Rigorous analytical results for the ground-state and thermodynamic quantities, as well as exact numerical data for the spin correlations computed for long chains (up to a few thousand sites) demonstrate how the regularly alternating bonds/fields effect the quantum phase transition. I discuss in detail the case of period 2, swiftly sketch the case of period 3 and finally summarize emphasizing the effects of periodically modulated Hamiltonian parameters on quantum phase transitions in the transverse Ising chain and in some related models.
description: 37 pages, 7 figures, talk at the "Ising lectures" (ICMP, L'viv, March 2002)
Domain Walls in Noncommutative Field Theories
Creators: name: Kim, Yoonbai
name: Kwon, O-Kab
name: Lee, Chong Oh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study kinks in a wide class of noncommutative (NC) field theories. We find rich structure of the static kinks in DBI type NC tachyon action for an unstable D$p$-brane with general constant open string metric and NC parameter. Among which thick topological BPS NC kink and tensionless half-kink are particularly intriguing. Reproduction of the correct decent relation between D$p$ and D$(p-1)$ lets us interpret the obtained NC kinks as codimension-one D-brane and its composites. If we turn on DBI type NC U(1) gauge field on an unstable D2-brane, only constant field strength is allowed by gauge equation and NC Bianchi identity. Inclusion of the NC U(1) gauge field induces fundamental string charge localized on the codimension-one brane, which turns D$(p-1)$ into D$(p-1)$F1.
description: LaTeX, 31 pages
Torsion points on theta divisors and semihomogeneous vector bundles
Creators: name: Pareschi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We generalize to $n$-torsion a result of Kempf's describing $2$-torsion points lying on a theta divisor. This is accomplished by means of certain semihomogeneous vector bundles introduced and studied by Mukai and Oprea. As an application, we prove a sharp upper bound for the number of $n$-torsion points on a theta divisor, and show that this is achieved only in the case of products of elliptic curves, settling in the affirmative a conjecture of Auffarth, Pirola and Salvati Manni.
description: Title slightly changed. Published version
Tuning the Non-local Spin-Spin Interaction between Quantum Dots with a Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Usaj, Gonzalo
name: Lustemberg, P.
name: Balseiro, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a device where the non-local spin-spin interaction between two quantum dots can be turned on and off and even changed sign with a very small magnetic field. The setup consists of two quantum dots at the edge of two two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs). The quantum dots' spins are coupled through a RKKY-like interaction mediated by the electrons in the 2DEGs. A small magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the 2DEG is used as a tuning parameter. When the cyclotron radius is commensurate with the interdot distance, the spin-spin interaction is amplified by a few orders of magnitude. The sign of the interaction is controlled by finely tuning the magnetic field. Our setup allows for several dots to be coupled in a linear arrangement and it is not restricted to nearest-neighbors interaction.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Published version
R-Symmetric Flipped SU(5)
Creators: name: Hamaguchi, Koichi
name: Hor, Shihwen
name: Nagata, Natsumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a supersymmetric flipped SU(5) grand unified model that possesses an $R$ symmetry. This $R$ symmetry forbids dangerous non-renormalizable operators suppressed by a cut-off scale up to sufficiently large mass dimensions so that the SU(5)-breaking Higgs field develops a vacuum expectation value of the order of the unification scale along the $F$- and $D$-flat directions, with the help of the supersymmetry-breaking effect. The mass terms of the Higgs fields are also forbidden by the $R$ symmetry, with which the doublet-triplet splitting problem is solved with the missing partner mechanism. The masses of right-handed neutrinos are generated by non-renormalizable operators, which then yield a light neutrino mass spectrum and mixing through the seesaw mechanism that are consistent with neutrino oscillation data. This model predicts one of the color-triplet Higgs multiplets to lie at an intermediate scale, and its mass is found to be constrained by proton decay experiments to be $\gtrsim 5 \times 10^{11}$ GeV. If it is $\lesssim 10^{12}$ GeV, future proton decay experiments at Hyper-Kamiokande can test our model in the $p \to π^0 μ^+$ and $p \to K^0 μ^+$ decay modes, in contrast to ordinary grand unified models where $p \to π^0 e^+ $ or $p \to K^+ \barν$ is the dominant decay mode. This characteristic prediction for the proton decay branches enables us to distinguish our model from other scenarios.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures
The luminosity dependence of the Type 1 AGN fraction
Creators: name: Simpson, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a complete, magnitude-limited sample of active galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) we show that the fraction of broad-line (Type 1) active galactic nuclei increases with luminosity of the isotropically-emitted [O III] narrow emission line. Our results are quantitatively in agreement with, and far less uncertain than, similar trends found from studies of X-ray and radio-selected active galaxies. While the correlation between broad-line fraction and luminosity is qualitatively consistent with the receding torus model, its slope is shallower and we therefore propose a modification to this model where the height of the torus increases slowly with AGN luminosity. We demonstrate that the faint-end slope of the AGN luminosity function steepens significantly when a correction for `missing' Type 2 objects is made and that this can substantially affect the overall AGN luminosity density extrapolated from samples of more luminous objects.
description: 8 pages, accepted for publication by MNRAS
Model checking sequential consistency and parameterized protocols
Creators: name: Bingham, Jesse
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Perhaps the most difficult aspect of designing a shared memory multiprocessor is the hardware protocol that facilitates the sharing of memory by multiple processors; these protocols are thus a natural target for formal verification. In this thesis we consider several problems relevant to model checking these protocols. The ultimate specification of a protocol is the memory model. Our more theoretical contributions relate to the problem of model checking a protocol for the well-known memory model sequential consistency (SC). We define a restricted version of SC called decisive SC (DSC), which rules out pathologies admitted by SC, and explore the complexities of its verification problems. Our key results are that DSC of a single behavior is NP-complete, DSC of a protocol is PSPACE-hard, a bounded variant DSQ is decidable in EXPSPACE, and full SC remains undecidable even when we require protocol behaviors to be prefix-closed. Also, we show that SC in conjunction with the ubiquitous property data independence imply DSC, which is strong evidence that restricting attention to DSC will never preclude any real protocol. Our second area of contribution considers parameterized model checking (PMC) of protocols. Here the goal is algorithmic proof over all of the infinite configurations of a protocol family parameterized by one or more quantities. We develop a technique to automatically abstract a family parameterized by the number of addresses and the number of data values, such that (a subset of) SC of the abstraction implies that of the family. We apply this method successfully to two nontrivial protocols, and suggest user-assisted solutions if the abstraction blows up or is too coarse for successful verification. We also contribute an approach for sound and complete processor-PMC of state assertions. The approach uses BDD-based symbolic model checking, and harnesses the theory of well-structured transition systems (WSTS). WSTS disallow conjunctive guards, which are found in many protocols. To extend applicability, we provide an automatic reduction for systems with conjunctive guards. Experiments show the efficacy of our conjunctive guard reduction, and that our approach scales better with the local state of each processor when compared with the classical WSTS algorithm.
A comprehensive study on relationship between Euploea core and Nerium indicum present in Fergusson College, Pune, India
Creators: name: Terdalkar, Sameer
name: Das, Snehangshu
name: Patil, Priyanka
name: Mahajan, Minakshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60803 Animal Developmental and Reproductive Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The life cycle of Danaidae butterfly Euploea core (Common Indian Crow) and its larval association with one of its known host plant, Nerium indicum, was investigated at Fergusson College campus by an effortful scientific observational approach in keeping them intact in their “chosen barrier free” natural habitat. The morphological and detectable behavioural aspects of fourth and fifth instar larvae, pupae and the emergence of adult out of its chrysalis stage were observed in the selected study site at temperature ranging from 26°C-28.7°C. This study presents a pilot study approach of ovipositional behaviour of adult E. core in choosing a suitable site for laying eggs in the natural environment by studying the height, coordinates, daily weather conditions and neighbouring environmental factors. In addition to the lifecycle, the current study also adds a note on the larval food relationship with N. indicum by focusing on the sequestrational power of larvae of E. core to the harmful cardiac glycosides present as a defense mechanism in the plants of N. indicum.
Organic Agriculture: An Agrarian or Industrial Revolution?
Creators: name: Dimitri, Carolyn
name: Dimitri, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: industrial agriculture
subject: organic agriculture
subject: agrarianism
subject: Organic Production Survey

description: The notion of industrialized agriculture has been a dominant theme in the applied economics literature. More recently, the debate has entered the realm of organic agriculture, with some suggesting that the organic sector has strayed from its agrarian roots. The terms “industrial” and “agrarian” are widely used, yet few have given precise definitions of what the terms mean. This paper puts forth testable hypotheses for agrarian and industrial agriculture. Then, using census data from the 2008 Organic Production Survey, we examine the evidence to assess whether the organic farm sector fits an agrarian or industrial model. Overall the evidence is mixed, yet suggests that the organic sector is less agrarian than expected.
Talking about Beans, Banes and Biocrimes: Colour, Concentration and India’s Outlook on Ricin.
Creators: name: Das, Snehangshu
name: Mahajan, Minakshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30401 Biologically Active Molecules
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This study examines the details of the extraction procedure, analysis and the use of the biochemical compound Ricin from the seeds of the plant Ricinus communis (Castor). It is a very lethal chemical compound, a carbohydrate-binding protein called as lectin which can easily kill a human being within 2-5 days of exposure to it. The ricin extracted in the laboratory was not-so pure to kill any lives around it and was safely disposed off after analysing its colour and concentration. A total of 48 incidents involving ricin from 1914-2018 have been reported. India is also under constant threat of a probable ricin attack with an earlier threat from Al-Qaeda and being the major player in the market of castor oil production explains the wide spread availability of R. communis under plantation and in wild, which is indirectly projecting a picture of ricin production as waste in the industries annually, making it an inexpensive biological tool which doesn’t harms the environment and only kills their requisite living target by making it a futuristic bio weapon to be used during silent wars.
Seven-dimensional Einstein Manifolds from Tod-Hitchin Geometry
Creators: name: Sakaguchi, Makoto
name: Yasui, Yukinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct infinitely many seven-dimensional Einstein metrics of weak holonomy G_2. These metrics are defined on principal SO(3) bundles over four-dimensional Bianchi IX orbifolds with the Tod-Hitchin metrics. The Tod-Hitchin metric has an orbifold singularity parameterized by an integer, and is shown to be similar near the singularity to the Taub-NUT de Sitter metric with a special charge. We show, however, that the seven-dimensional metrics on the total space are actually smooth. The geodesics on the weak G_2 manifolds are discussed. It is shown that the geodesic equation is equivalent to the Hamiltonian equation of an interacting rigid body system. We also discuss M-theory on the product space of AdS_4 and the seven-dimensional manifolds, and the dual gauge theories in three-dimensions.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX2e, typos fixed, references and a note added
Valuing Rural Recreation Amenities: Hedonic Prices for Vacation Rental Houses at Deep Creek Lake, Maryland
Creators: name: Nelson, Jon P.
name: Nelson, Jon P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: recreation demand
subject: environmental valuation
subject: hedonic prices
subject: spatial models

description: Hedonic prices are estimated for summer and winter rentals for vacation houses located near a lake and ski-golf resort in rural western Maryland. Regressions for weekly rents are conditioned on house size, quality, and recreation features including lakefront proximity and ski-slope access. Percentage effects and marginal implicit prices indicate that access to recreation is reflected importantly in rental offers. Evaluated at the means, lakefront locations command a premium of $1,100–1,200 per week, and the premium for ski-slope access is $500–600 per week. Unit recreation values are about $18 per person per day for a lakefront location with a private dock and $7 per person per day for a ski-slope location. There are small differences in the unit values for three real estate management agencies. Although there is evidence of spatial correlation in ordinary least squares residuals, estimation of spatial-lag and spatial-error models does not yield substantial changes in the empirical results.
Supplementary figures from Sympatric speciation in mountain roses (Metrosideros) on an oceanic island
Creators: name: Osborne, Owen G.
name: Kafle, Tane
name: Brewer, Tom
name: Dobreva, Mariya P.
name: Hutton, Ian
name: Savolainen, Vincent
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Shifts in flowering time have the potential to act as strong prezygotic reproductive barriers in plants. We investigate the role of flowering time divergence in two species of mountain rose (Metrosideros) endemic to Lord Howe island, Australia, a minute and isolated island in the Tasman sea. Metrosideros nervulosa and M. sclerocarpa are sister species and have divergent ecological niches on the island but grow sympatrically for much of their range, and likely speciated in situ on the island. We used flowering time and population genomic analyses of population structure and selection, to investigate their evolution, with a particular focus on the role of flowering time in their speciation. Population structure analyses showed the species are highly differentiated and appear to be in the very late stages of speciation. We found flowering times of the species to be significantly displaced, with M. sclerocarpa flowering 53 days later than M. nervulosa. Furthermore, the analyses of selection showed that flowering time genes are under selection between the species. Thus, prezygotic reproductive isolation is mediated by flowering time shifts in the species, and likely evolved under selection, to drive the completion of speciation within a small geographical area.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers’.
Chemical Use Reductions in Urban Fringe Agriculture
Creators: name: Adelaja, Adesoji O.
name: Sullivan, Kevin P.
name: Hailu, Yohannes G.
name: Govindasamy, Ramu
name: Adelaja, Adesoji O.
name: Sullivan, Kevin P.
name: Hailu, Yohannes G.
name: Govindasamy, Ramu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: chemical use
subject: sustainable agriculture
subject: herbicides
subject: fungicides
subject: fertilizer
subject: pesticides
subject: urban fringe

description: Using an augmented profit function framework designed to account for externalities related to chemical use in agriculture, this paper explains the chemical use choices of farmers in an urban fringe farming environment. It further estimates empirical logit models of reduced insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, and fertilizer usage. Results suggest that farmers who perceive their regulatory environment to be strict, who have experienced right-to-farm conflicts, and who have farms larger in size are more likely to reduce their chemical use over time, vis-à-vis other farmers. The results also suggest the importance of other farm structural and business climate factors in determining chemical use reduction choices.
Efficient content locating in dynamic peer-to-peer networks
Creators: name: Wang, Jun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing model has recently been recognized as a more natural and flexible approach to sharing resources. However, a fundamental issue, content locating (or content search) in P2P-based applications has not yet been successfully resolved. This thesis documents the design and implementation of a novel architecture, which combines the advantages of cluster infrastructure and Super-Peer overlay to address the scalability, robustness and efficiency issues in existing unstructured P2P systems. The first component of our architecture is called the TBCP model, which constructs a set of interconnected clusters, where each cluster forms a bounded-depth tree, and each peer node acts as a tree leaf. The duties of maintaining cluster topologies and providing search services are separated and re-balanced to address heterogeneity. The COOL model, the second component of our architecture, then constructs light-weight interconnected overlay networks, by following simple classification and mapping rules. Peers are connected in both vertical direction (within the cluster domain) and horizontal direction (within the Super-Peer overlay domain). We also propose two search algorithms, known as cluster search and overlay search, which works seamlessly with our new models to provide efficient and low-cost content locating services. Our experiments and analysis prove that our new architecture achieves significantly better scalability and efficiency than a basic unstructured model.
U.S. Soybean Producer Perceptions and Management of Soybean Rust in the United States under the USDA Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education
Creators: name: Livingston, Michael J.
name: Livingston, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Asian soybean rust
subject: probability beliefs
subject: PIPE website
subject: ARMS data
subject: USDA Rural Development Broadband Program

description: Recent survey data are examined to improve current understanding of the factors that help to determine the value of information reported on a website that serves as the centerpiece of the USDA’s “Soybean Rust Integrated Pest Management—Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education.” Respondents’ initial beliefs about their chances of experiencing a rust outbreak are shown to affect the likelihood that soybean producers will visit the website and change their management of fungicide use as a result.
Operads and knot spaces
Creators: name: Sinha, Dev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57Q35; 57M25; 18D50

description: We show that the Kontsevich operad, as an operad with multiplication, provides a model for the Taylor tower of the functor defined by taking the homotopy fiber of the inclusion of embeddings of an interval in a cube to the corresponding space of immersions. In developing the Kontsevich operad, we find an operad structure on the simplicial model for the two-sphere, in the opposite category to finite sets. Applications of our result include using machinery of McClure-Smith to produce a little two-disk action on our knot spaces.
description: v3. Final (published) version, incorporating referee comments. Binomial operad has been renamed choose-two operad
Ant trajectories and analysis from The Bayesian superorganism: externalized memories facilitate distributed sampling
Creators: name: Hunt, Edmund R.
name: Franks, Nigel R.
name: Baddeley, Roland J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60199 Biochemistry and Cell Biology not elsewhere classified
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Exploration of T. albipennis and L. niger ants
Are Part-Time and Absent Small Farmers Rational? - Questioning Nobel Economics Laureate Theodore W. Schultz
Creators: name: Zhou, Jian-Ming
name: Zhou, Jian-Ming
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Contrary to Theodore W. Schultz’s assertions that part-time farming is efficient and economies of scale have no logical basis and have not stood the test of time and empirical findings, this paper presents that in (1) the low income countries still saddled with traditional agriculture, (2) the low income countries developing towards the high income economy, and (3) the high income countries, numerous part-time and absent farmers earning higher off-farm income tend to underutilize or idle fragmented small farms without selling or leasing them to full-time farmers to achieve economies of scale which do have logical basis and have stood the test of time and empirical findings, and points out that this is a global problem without solution under private land ownership. The paper also indicates that under private land ownership or possession many farmers voluntarily remain in collective land operation which perpetuates the low individual incentives just as under the public land ownership of the former centrally planned economy in the transitional countries in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The EU candidates have relied on trade-distorting agricultural subsidies higher than the WTO standards, which would add burdens on the EU once joined, thus impeding EU enlargement. The paper thus proposes the establishment of a law to oblige the lease of unused land to full-time farmers with a minimum lease term so as to solve land waste and fragmentation and enlarge full-time farm sizes; allocation of land to families for operation in the current collectively operated large farms; improvement of services to full-time family farms; transformation of the trade-distorting to nontrade- distorting agricultural subsidies; and promotion of off-farm activities, so as to sustain land use under private land ownership and boost EU enlargement.
description: Paper presented at the International Farming Systems Association IFSA European Group 5th IFSA European Symposium on Farming and Rural Systems Research and Extension Local Identities and Globalization Florence, Italy 8-11 April 2002
Freeze-out and coagulation in pre-protostellar collapse
Creators: name: Flower, D. R.
name: Walmsley, G. Pineau des Forets C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the changes in physical and chemical conditions during the collapse of a pre--protostellar core, starting from initial conditions appropriate to a dense molecular cloud and proceeding to the ``completely depleted'' limit. We follow the evolution of the ionization degree and the ionic composition as functions of time and density. The processes of freeze--out on to the dust grains and coagulation of the grains were treated simultaneously with the chemical evolution of the medium.When proceeding at close to its maximum rate, coagulation has important consequences for the degree of ionization and the ionic composition of the medium, but its effect on the freeze--out of the neutral species is modest.An innovation of our study is to calculate the grain charge distribution which is significant because H+ ions recombine on the surfaces of negatively charged grains. We also consider the observational result that N-containing species, such as NH3 and N2H+,remain in the gas phase at densities for which CO and other C--containing molecules appear to have frozen on to grain surfaces. We conclude that recent measurements of the adsorption energies of N2 and CO invalidate the interpretation of these observations in terms of the relative volatilities of N2 and CO. We consider an alternative explanation,in terms of low sticking coefficients for either molecular or atomic N. We find that, irrespective of the nitrogen chemistry,the main gas phase ion is either H+ or H3+ (and its deuterated isotopes) at densities above 10^5; whether H+ or H3+ predominates depends sensitively on the rate of increase in grain size (decrease in grain surface area per unit volume of gas) during core contraction.Our calculations show that H+ will predominate if grain coagulation proceeds at close to its maximum rate, and H3+ otherwise.
description: 27 Pages, 7 Figures, Accepted at Astronomy and Astrophysics
Boltzmann entropy and the microcanonical ensemble
Creators: name: Naudts, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boltzmann's entropy is slightly modified to make it suitable for discussing phase transitions in finite systems. As an example it is shown that the pendulum undergoes a second order phase transition when passing from a vibrational to a rotating state.
description: 8 pages, accepted for publication in Europhysics Letters, www.epletters.ch
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Exploration of Minimal Supergravity with Implications for Dark Matter
Creators: name: Baltz, Edward A.
name: Gondolo, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the full parameter space of Minimal Supergravity (mSUGRA), allowing all four continuous parameters (the scalar mass m_0, the gaugino mass m_1/2, the trilinear coupling A_0, and the ratio of Higgs vacuum expectation values tan beta) to vary freely. We apply current accelerator constraints on sparticle and Higgs masses, and on the b -> s gamma branching ratio, and discuss the impact of the constraints on g_mu-2. To study dark matter, we apply the WMAP constraint on the cold dark matter density. We develop Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to explore the parameter regions consistent with WMAP, finding them to be considerably superior to previously used methods for exploring supersymmetric parameter spaces. Finally, we study the reach of current and future direct detection experiments in light of the WMAP constraint.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Quantum backreaction in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Schützhold, Ralf
name: Uhlmann, Michael
name: Xu, Yan
name: Fischer, Uwe R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For many physical systems which can be approximated by a classical background field plus small (linearized) quantum fluctuations, a fundamental question concerns the correct description of the backreaction of the quantum fluctuations onto the dynamics of the classical background. We investigate this problem for the example of dilute atomic/molecular Bose-Einstein condensates, for which the microscopic dynamical behavior is under control. It turns out that the effective-action technique does not yield the correct result in general and that the knowledge of the pseudo-energy-momentum tensor ${}$ is not sufficient to describe quantum backreaction.
description: 8 pages of RevTex4; extended discussion with additional sections, to be published in Physical Review D
Wave equation with concentrated nonlinearities
Creators: name: Noja, Diego
name: Posilicano, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we address the problem of wave dynamics in presence of concentrated nonlinearities. Given a vector field $V$ on an open subset of $\CO^n$ and a discrete set $Y\subset\RE^3$ with $n$ elements, we define a nonlinear operator $Δ_{V,Y}$ on $L^2(\RE^3)$ which coincides with the free Laplacian when restricted to regular functions vanishing at $Y$, and which reduces to the usual Laplacian with point interactions placed at $Y$ when $V$ is linear and is represented by an Hermitean matrix. We then consider the nonlinear wave equation $\ddot ϕ=Δ_{V,Y}ϕ$ and study the corresponding Cauchy problem, giving an existence and uniqueness result in the case $V$ is Lipschitz. The solution of such a problem is explicitly expressed in terms of the solutions of two Cauchy problem: one relative to a free wave equation and the other relative to an inhomogeneous ordinary differential equation with delay and principal part $\dotζ+V(ζ)$. Main properties of the solution are given and, when $Y$ is a singleton, the mechanism and details of blow-up are studied.
description: Revised version. To appear in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, special issue on Singular Interactions in Quantum Mechanics: Solvable Models
Limit groups for relatively hyperbolic groups, I: The basic tools
Creators: name: Groves, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F67

description: We begin the investigation of Gamma-limit groups, where Gamma is a torsion-free group which is hyperbolic relative to a collection of free abelian subgroups. Using the results of Drutu and Sapir, we adapt the results from math.GR/0404440 to this context. Specifically, given a finitely generated group G, and a sequence of pairwise non-conjugate homomorphisms {h_n : G -> Gamma}, we extract an R-tree with a nontrivial isometric G-action. We then prove an analogue of Sela's shortening argument.
description: 41 pages. The new version of this paper has been substantially rewritten. It now includes all of the results of the previous version, and also of math.GR/0408080. The exception to this is the proof of the Hopf property, which follows imediately from Theorem 5.2 of math.GR/0503045 (and does not use anything omitted from this version)
A search for the decay $B^+ \to K^+ ν\barν$
Creators: name: Aubert, B.
name: Collaboration, BABAR
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We search for the rare flavor-changing neutral-current decay $B^+ \to K^+ ν\barν$ in a data sample of 82 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the {\sl BABAR} detector at the PEP-II B-factory. Signal events are selected by examining the properties of the system recoiling against either a reconstructed hadronic or semileptonic charged-B decay. Using these two independent samples we obtain a combined limit of ${\mathcal B}(B^+ \to K^+ ν\barν)<5.2 \times 10^{-5}$ at the 90% confidence level. In addition, by selecting for pions rather than kaons, we obtain a limit of ${\mathcal B}(B^+ \to π^+ ν\barν)<1.0 \times 10^{-4}$ using only the hadronic B reconstruction method.
description: 7 pages, 8 postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Resemblances and differences in mechanisms of noise-induced resonance
Creators: name: Centurelli, R.
name: Musacchio, S.
name: Pasmanter, R. A.
name: Vulpiani, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systems showing stochastic resonance (SR) or coherent resonance (CR) share some features, in particular the nearby periodic character of the signal. We show that in spite of this resemblance the different underlying dynamics can be detected in experimental data by studying the histogram of inter-spikes times and some statistical properties like two-times correlation functions. We discuss the possible relevance for climate modeling.
description: 7 pages, 8 eps figures
A topological menagerie
Creators: name: Melvin, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25

description: This is a recreational paper showing that certain linked graphs cannot be separated. The proofs employ elementary covering space theory, an appeal to a theorem of Scharlemann (concerning the band sums of two unknots), and a Jones polynomial calculation.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures. To appear in the AMS Monthly (Notes)
The Pulsation Properties of $λ$ Bootis Stars I. The Southern TESS Sample
Creators: name: Murphy, S. J.
name: Paunzen, E.
name: Bedding, T. R.
name: Walczak, P.
name: Huber, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse TESS light curves for 70 southern $λ$ Boo stars to identify binaries and to determine which of them pulsate as $δ$ Scuti stars. We find two heartbeat stars and two eclipsing binaries among the sample. We calculate that 81 percent of $λ$ Boo stars pulsate as $δ$ Sct variables, which is about twice that of normal stars over the same parameter space. We determine the temperatures and luminosities of the $λ$ Boo stars from photometry and Gaia DR2 parallaxes. A subset of 40 $λ$ Boo stars have 2-min TESS data, reliable temperatures and luminosities, and $δ$ Sct pulsation. We use Petersen diagrams (period ratios), échelle diagrams and the period--luminosity relation to identify the fundamental mode in 20 of those 40 stars and conclude that a further 8 stars are not pulsating in this mode. For the remaining 12, the fundamental mode cannot be unambiguously identified. Further mode identification is possible for 12 of the fundamental mode pulsators that have regular sequences of pulsation overtones in their échelle diagrams. We use stellar evolution models to determine statistically that the $λ$ Boo stars are only superficially metal weak. Simple pulsation models also better fit the observations at a metallicity of $Z=0.01$ than at $Z=0.001$. The TESS observations reveal the great potential of asteroseismology on $λ$ Boo stars, for determining precise stellar ages and shedding light on the origin(s) of the $λ$ Boo phenomenon.
description: Accepted to MNRAS. 25 pages (main text 16 pages), including data tables and figures. Figures use colour liberally
Water and land in South Africa : economywide impacts of reform -- a case study for the Olifants river
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Natasha
name: Mukherjee, Natasha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Equilibrium (Economics) -- Models
subject: Computable general equilibrium (CGE)
subject: South Africa
subject: Watershed management
subject: Land use
subject: Water

description: The paper presents a "Watershed Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model "for the Olifants River Catchment." A CGE provides an appropriate framework in which to explore policy alternatives for achieving more efficient water and land use.
description: "July 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-41).
Importance of small earthquakes for stress transfers and earthquake triggering
Creators: name: Helmstetter, A.
name: Kagan, Y. Y.
name: Jackson, D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the relative importance of small and large earthquakes for static stress changes and for earthquake triggering, assuming that earthquakes are triggered by static stress changes and that earthquakes are located on a fractal network of dimension D. This model predicts that both the number of events triggered by an earthquake of magnitude m and the stress change induced by this earthquake at the location of other earthquakes increase with m as \~10^(Dm/2). The stronger the spatial clustering, the larger the influence of small earthquakes on stress changes at the location of a future event as well as earthquake triggering. If earthquake magnitudes follow the Gutenberg-Richter law with b>D/2, small earthquakes collectively dominate stress transfer and earthquake triggering, because their greater frequency overcomes their smaller individual triggering potential. Using a Southern-California catalog, we observe that the rate of seismicity triggered by an earthquake of magnitude m increases with m as 10^(alpha m), where alpha=1.00+-0.05. We also find that the magnitude distribution of triggered earthquakes is independent of the triggering earthquake magnitude m. When alpha=b, small earthquakes are roughly as important to earthquake triggering as larger ones. We evaluate the fractal correlation dimension of hypocenters D=2 using two relocated catalogs for Southern California, and removing the effect of short-term clustering. Thus D=2alpha as predicted by assuming that earthquake triggering is due to static stress. The value D=2 implies that small earthquakes are as important as larger ones for stress transfers between earthquakes.
description: 14 pages, 7 eps figures, latex. In press in J. Geophys. Res
Polarization-dependent ARPES study of La1-xSrxMnO3
Creators: name: Falub, M. C.
name: Shi, M.
name: Willmott, P. R.
name: Krempasky, J.
name: Chiuzbaian, S. G.
name: Hricovini, K.
name: Patthey, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy results on thin films of the three-dimensional manganite perovskite La1-xSrxMnO3, with TC = 240 K. In the low-binding energy region, we found two energy bands, one dispersing along the (100) sample surface and the other along the normal to the surface. Through a detailed polarization-dependent analysis, we have determined the symmetries of the two bands. The initial states associated with the band that disperses along the surface are dominantly odd with respect to the (110) mirror plane and even with respect to the (010) mirror plane. Based upon this investigation, we have derived the expression of the spatial term for the wave functions describing these low-energy states.