cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cosmic-ray antiprotons in the AMS-02 era: A sensitive probe of dark matter
Creators: name: Heisig, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic-ray antiprotons are a powerful tool for astroparticle physics. While the bulk of measured antiprotons is consistent with a secondary origin, the precise data of the AMS-02 experiment provides us with encouraging prospects to search for a subdominant primary component, e.g. from dark matter. In this brief review, we discuss recent limits on heavy dark matter as well as a tentative signal from annihilation of dark matter with a mass $\lesssim 100$ GeV. We emphasize the special role of systematic errors that can affect the signal. In particular, we discuss recent progress in the modeling of secondary production cross sections and correlated errors in the AMS-02 data, the dominant ones originating from uncertainties in the cross sections for cosmic-ray absorption in the detector.
description: 17 pages + references, 7 figures; Invited review for Modern Physics Letters A; v2: references added
Spin relaxation rates in quasi-one-dimensional coupled quantum dots
Creators: name: Romano, C. L.
name: Tamborenea, P. I.
name: Ulloa, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the spin relaxation rate in quasi-one-dimensional coupled double semiconductor quantum dots. We consider InSb and GaAs-based systems in the presence of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction, which causes mixing of opposite-spin states, and allows phonon-mediated transitions between energy eigenstates. Contributions from all phonon modes and coupling mechanisms in zincblende semiconductors are taken into account. The spin relaxation rate is shown to display a sharp, cusp-like maximum as function of the interdot-barrier width, at a value of the width which can be controlled by an external magnetic field. This remarkable behavior is associated with the symmetric-antisymmetric level splitting in the structure.
description: 4 figures, Submitted to Applied Physics Letters
Metaclusters for the Full Control of Mechanical Waves
Creators: name: Packo, Pawel
name: Norris, Andrew
name: Torrent, Dani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method for the control of waves based on inverse multiple scattering theory. Conceived as a generalization of the concept of metagrating, we call metaclusters to a finite set of scatterers whose position and properties are obtained by inverse design once we have defined their response to some external incident field. The particular focus is on designing passive metaclusters that do not require an external source of energy. The method is applied to the propagation of flexural waves in thin plates, and to the design of far field patterns, although its generalization to acoustic or electromagnetic waves is straightforward. Numerical examples are presented to the design of uni and bidirectional "anomalous scatterers", which will bend the scattering energy along a specific direction, "odd pole" scatterers, whose radiation pattern presents an odd number of poles and to the generation of vortical patterns. Finally, some considerations about the optimal design of these metaclusters are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten der Klimaanpassung im kommunalen Bau- und Planungsrecht
Creators: name: Albrecht, Juliane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Der Beitrag beantwortet Fragen des Sächsischen Landesamtes für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie (LfULG) zu Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten der Klimaanpassung im kommunalen Bau- und Planungsrecht. Hierbei geht es um die Umsetzung des Bundes-Klimaanpassungsgesetzes, Zielkonflikte in der Bauleitplanung und bei der Anpassung von Gebäuden, Möglichkeiten des kommunalen Vorkaufsrechts sowie planungsechtliche Möglichkeiten zur Sicherung von Kaltluftentstehungsgebieten und Abflussleitbahnen.
The Influence of Chemical Short Range Order on Atomic Diffusion in Al-Ni Melts
Creators: name: Das, S. K.
name: Horbach, J.
name: Koza, M. M.
name: Chatoth, S. Mavila
name: Meyer, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use inelastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to investigate the chemical short range order (CSRO), visible through prepeaks in the structure factors, and its relation to self diffusion in Al-Ni melts. As a function of composition at 1795K Ni self diffusion coefficients from experiment and simulation exhibit a non-linear dependence with a pronounced increase on the Al-rich side. This comes along with a change in CSRO with increasing Al content that is related to a more dense packing of the atoms in Ni-rich Al-Ni systems.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
COVID-19-ИНФЕКЦИЯСИ БИЛАН КАСАЛЛАНГАН БЕМОРЛАРДА БУРУН БЎШЛИҒИНИНГ ЎТКИР ЯЛЛИҒЛАНИШИДА ЦИТОКИНЛАРНИ ЎРГАНИШ
Creators: name: Раджабов, А.Ҳ.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Даволаш усулларининг доимий яхшиланишига қарамай, COVID-19 билан касалланган беморларда бурун бўшлиғининг ўткир яллиғланиши (АФП) оғир кечиши ва тез-тез қолдиқ ҳодисалари туфайли соматик касалликлар таркибида етакчи ўринни егаллайди. Касалликдан олдинги иммунитет тизимининг ҳолати ва унинг патогенни киритишга реакцияси асосан касалликнинг бориши ва натижасини аниқлайди.
Neglecting polydispersity degrades propensity measurements in supercooled liquids
Creators: name: Donofrio, Cordell J.
name: Weeks, Eric R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct molecular dynamics simulations of a bidisperse Kob-Andersen (KA) glass former, modified to add in additional polydispersity. The original KA system is known to exhibit dynamical heterogeneity. Prior work defined propensity, the mean motion of a particle averaged over simulations reconstructing the initial positions of all particles but with randomized velocities. The existence of propensity shows that structure and dynamics are connected. In this paper, we study systems which mimic problems that would be encountered in measuring propensity in a colloidal glass former, where particles are polydisperse (they have slight size variations). We mimic polydispersity by altering the bidisperse KA system into a quartet consisting of particles both slightly larger and slightly smaller than the parent particles in the original bidisperse system. We then introduce errors into the reconstruction of the initial positions that mimic mistakes one might make in a colloidal experiment. The mistakes degrade the propensity measurement, in some cases nearly completely; one no longer has an isoconfigurational ensemble in any useful sense. Our results show that a polydisperse sample is suitable for propensity measurements provided one avoids reconstruction mistakes.
description: Implications for hypothetical colloidal experiment to test propensity
Cosmological constraints from BOSS with analytic covariance matrices
Creators: name: Wadekar, Digvijay
name: Ivanov, Mikhail M.
name: Scoccimarro, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use analytic covariance matrices to carry out a full-shape analysis of the galaxy power spectrum multipoles from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). We obtain parameter estimates that agree well with those based on the sample covariance from two thousand galaxy mock catalogs, thus validating the analytic approach and providing substantial reduction in computational cost. We also highlight a number of additional advantages of analytic covariances. First, the analysis does not suffer from sampling noise, which biases the constraints and typically requires inflating parameter error bars. Second, it allows us to study convergence of the cosmological constraints when recomputing the analytic covariances to match the best-fit power spectrum, which can be done at a negligible computational cost, unlike when using mock catalogs. These effects reduce the systematic error budget of cosmological constraints, which suggests that the analytic approach may be an important tool for upcoming high-precision galaxy redshift surveys such as DESI and Euclid. Finally, we study the impact of various ingredients in the power spectrum covariance matrix and show that the non-Gaussian part, which includes the regular trispectrum and super-sample covariance, has a marginal effect ($\lesssim 10 \%$) on the cosmological parameter error bars. We also suggest improvements to analytic covariances that are commonly used in Fisher forecasts.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures. Version appearing in PRD. Likelihoods available at https://github.com/Michalychforever/lss_montepython . CovaPT code for calculating analytic covariances is available at https://github.com/JayWadekar/CovaPT
DiffTune: Optimizing CPU Simulator Parameters with Learned Differentiable Surrogates
Creators: name: Renda, Alex
name: Chen, Yishen
name: Mendis, Charith
name: Carbin, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: CPU simulators are useful tools for modeling CPU execution behavior. However, they suffer from inaccuracies due to the cost and complexity of setting their fine-grained parameters, such as the latencies of individual instructions. This complexity arises from the expertise required to design benchmarks and measurement frameworks that can precisely measure the values of parameters at such fine granularity. In some cases, these parameters do not necessarily have a physical realization and are therefore fundamentally approximate, or even unmeasurable. In this paper we present DiffTune, a system for learning the parameters of x86 basic block CPU simulators from coarse-grained end-to-end measurements. Given a simulator, DiffTune learns its parameters by first replacing the original simulator with a differentiable surrogate, another function that approximates the original function; by making the surrogate differentiable, DiffTune is then able to apply gradient-based optimization techniques even when the original function is non-differentiable, such as is the case with CPU simulators. With this differentiable surrogate, DiffTune then applies gradient-based optimization to produce values of the simulator's parameters that minimize the simulator's error on a dataset of ground truth end-to-end performance measurements. Finally, the learned parameters are plugged back into the original simulator. DiffTune is able to automatically learn the entire set of microarchitecture-specific parameters within the Intel x86 simulation model of llvm-mca, a basic block CPU simulator based on LLVM's instruction scheduling model. DiffTune's learned parameters lead llvm-mca to an average error that not only matches but lowers that of its original, expert-provided parameter values.
Variational optimization of the quantum annealing schedule for the Lechner-Hauke-Zoller scheme
Creators: name: Susa, Yuki
name: Nishimori, Hidetoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The annealing schedule is optimized for a parameter in the Lechner-Hauke-Zoller (LHZ) scheme for quantum annealing designed for the all-to-all-interacting Ising model representing generic combinatorial optimization problems. We adapt the variational approach proposed by Matsuura et al. (arXiv:2003.09913) to the annealing schedule of a term representing a constraint for variables intrinsic to the LHZ scheme with the annealing schedule of other terms kept intact. Numerical results for a simple ferromagnetic model and the spin-glass problem show that nonmonotonic annealing schedules optimize the performance measured by the residual energy and the final ground-state fidelity. This improvement does not accompany a notable increase in the instantaneous energy gap, which suggests the importance of a dynamical viewpoint in addition to static analyses in the study of practically relevant diabatic processes in quantum annealing.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Recovering Gardner Restacking with Purely Diffusive Operations
Creators: name: Kolmes, E. J.
name: Fisch, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The maximum particle kinetic energy that can be extracted from an initial six-dimensional phase space distribution motivates the concept of free or available energy. The free energy depends on the allowed operations that can be performed. A key concept underlying the theoretical treatment of plasmas is the Gardner free energy, where the exchange of the contents of equal phase volumes is allowed. A second free energy concept is the diffusive free energy, in which the contents of volumes are instead averaged. For any finite discretization of phase space, the diffusive free energy is known to be less than the Gardner free energy. However, despite the apparent fundamental differences between these free energies, it is demonstrated here that the Gardner free energy may be recovered from the continuous limit of the diffusive free energy, leading to the surprise that macroscopic phase-space conservation can be achieved by ostensibly entropy-producing microscopic operations.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
title: ÐÐ»Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¼Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ . ÐÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÑÐ¼
title: ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ð¤ÑÐ´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð², Ð¡ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²
name: ÐÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð², ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: ÐÐ»Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¼Ñ
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description: Ð£ÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²ÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐ¼ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ð¼ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ñ Â«ÐÐ»Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¼Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑÂ». Ð¡ÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð¼ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐ¼ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ°Ð¼ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ: Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ð¼ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ðº, Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ð¼ ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð², ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð², Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ð¼ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑ, Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¼ Ð¸ Ð´Ð²ÑÐ½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¼ Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼ ÑÐ¿Ð¸ÑÐºÐ°Ð¼ Ð¸ Ð´ÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÑÐ¼. Ð£ÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð², Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾Ð² 09.03.04 Â«ÐÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÂ», Ð² ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸, Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¾Ð½Ð»Ð°Ð¹Ð½-Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ðµ 09.03.04_03 Â«Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÂ».
Photoconductivity of an intrinsic graphen
Creators: name: Ryzhii, F. T. Vasko V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the photoconductivity of an intrinsic graphene associated with far- and mid-infrared irradiation at low temperatures. The model under consideration accounts for the excitation of the electron-hole pairs by incident radiation, the interband generation-recombination transitions due to thermal radiation, and the intraband energy relaxation due to acoustic phonon scattering. The momentum relaxation is assumed to be caused by elastic scattering. The pertinent collision integrals are adapted for the case of the massless energy spectrum of carriers that interact with the longitudinal acoustic mode and the thermal radiation. It is found that the photoconductivity is determined by an interplay between weak energy relaxation and generation-recombination processes. Due to this the threshold of nonlinear response is fairly low.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Ponzano-Regge model revisited III: Feynman diagrams and Effective field theory
Creators: name: Freidel, Laurent
name: Livine, Etera R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the no gravity limit G_{N}-> 0 of the Ponzano-Regge amplitudes with massive particles and show that we recover in this limit Feynman graph amplitudes (with Hadamard propagator) expressed as an abelian spin foam model. We show how the G_{N} expansion of the Ponzano-Regge amplitudes can be resummed. This leads to the conclusion that the dynamics of quantum particles coupled to quantum 3d gravity can be expressed in terms of an effective new non commutative field theory which respects the principles of doubly special relativity. We discuss the construction of Lorentzian spin foam models including Feynman propagators
description: 46 pages, the wrong file was first submitted
United States FDA drug approvals are persistent and polycyclic: Insights into economic cycles, innovation dynamics, and national policy
Creators: name: Daizadeh, Iraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: It is challenging to elucidate the effects of changes in external influences (such as economic or policy) on the rate of US drug approvals. Here, a novel approach, termed the Chronological Hurst Exponent (CHE), is proposed, which hypothesizes that changes in the long-range memory latent within the dynamics of time series data may be temporally associated with changes in such influences. Using the monthly number the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) approvals from 1939 to 2019 as the data source, it is demonstrated that the CHE has a distinct S-shaped structure demarcated by an 8-year (1939-1947) Stagnation Period, a 27-year (1947-1974) Emergent (time-varying Period, and a 45-year (1974-2019) Saturation Period. Further, dominant periodicities (resolved via wavelet analyses) are identified during the most recent 45-year CHE Saturation Period at 17, 8 and 4 years; thus, US drug approvals have been following a Juglar-Kuznet mid-term cycle with Kitchin-like bursts. As discussed, this work suggests that (1) changes in extrinsic factors (e.g., of economic and/or policy origin ) during the Emergent Period may have led to persistent growth in US drug approvals enjoyed since 1974, (2) the CHE may be a valued method to explore influences on time series data, and (3) innovation-related economic cycles exist (as viewed via the proxy metric of US drug approvals).
description: Ther Innov Regul Sci (2021)
The New Generation of the KIT 3D USCT
Creators: name: Gemmeke, Hartmut
name: Berger, L.
name: Hopp, Torsten
name: Zapf, Michael
name: Tan, W.
name: Blanco, R.
name: Leys, R.
name: Peric, I.
name: Ruiter, Nicole V.
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2018

description: The first clinical studies with our current prototype, 3D USCT II, enabled us to identify the necessary improvements for transition of our method to clinical practice. The main goals are to improve the contrast of reflection and transmission tomography, and to optimize the coverage of the imaged breast by a new geometry of the transducer distribution. Furthermore, for cost-effective industrial mass production, a self-calibration method allows us to relax the precision of the positioning of the transducers to 0.1 mm. The readout of the transducer arrays is now carried out by an ASIC, developed for a more cost-effective design. The coupling of the measuring device to the patient was optimized to cover the full size of the breast up to the pectoral muscles. Finally, the data acquisition and readout time were reduced to 1.5 minutes each by new micro-TCA electronics and larger FPGAs.
The Volume of the Quiver Vortex Moduli Space
Creators: name: Ohta, Kazutoshi
name: Sakai, Norisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the moduli space volume of BPS vortices in quiver gauge theories on compact Riemann surfaces. The existence of BPS vortices imposes constraints on the quiver gauge theories. We show that the moduli space volume is given by a vev of a suitable cohomological operator (volume operator) in a supersymmetric quiver gauge theory, where BPS equations of the vortices are embedded. In the supersymmetric gauge theory, the moduli space volume is exactly evaluated as a contour integral by using the localization. Graph theory is useful to construct the supersymmetric quiver gauge theory and to derive the volume formula. The contour integral formula of the volume (generalization of the Jeffrey-Kirwan residue formula) leads to the Bradlow bounds (upper bounds on the vorticity by the area of the Riemann surface divided by the intrinsic size of the vortex). We give some examples of various quiver gauge theories and discuss properties of the moduli space volume in these theories. Our formula are applied to the volume of the vortex moduli space in the gauged non-linear sigma model with $CP^N$ target space, which is obtained by a strong coupling limit of a parent quiver gauge theory. We also discuss a non-Abelian generalization of the quiver gauge theory and "Abelianization" of the volume formula.
description: 67 pages, 13 figures, references and appendix added, typos corrected
Higher order conserved charge fluctuations inside the mixed phase
Creators: name: Poberezhnyuk, Roman V.
name: Savchuk, Oleh
name: Gorenstein, Mark I.
name: Vovchenko, Volodymyr
name: Stoecker, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General formulas are presented for higher order cumulants of the conserved charge statistical fluctuations inside the mixed phase. As a particular example the van der Waals model in the grand canonical ensemble is used. The higher order measures of the conserved charge fluctuations up to the hyperkurtosis are calculated in a vicinity of the critical point (CP). The analysis includes both the mixed phase region and the pure phases on the phase diagram. It is shown that even-order fluctuation measures, e.g. scaled variance, kurtosis, and hyperkurtosis, have only positive values in the mixed phase, and go to infinity at the CP. For odd-order measures, such as skewness and hyperskewness, the regions of positive and negative values are found near the left and right binodals, respectively. The obtained results are discussed in a context of the event-by-event fluctuation measurements in heavy-ion collisions.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Towards Experimental Tests of Quantum Effects in Cytoskeletal Proteins
Creators: name: Mershin, Andreas
name: Sanabria, Hugo
name: Miller, John H.
name: Nawarathna, Dharmakeerthna
name: Skoulakis, Efthimios M. C.
name: Mavromatos, Nikolaos E.
name: Kolomenskii, Alexadre A.
name: Schuessler, Hans A.
name: Luduena, Richard F.
name: Nanopoulos, Dimitri V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has become increasingly evident that fabrication of novel biomaterials through molecular self-assembly is going to play a significant role in material science and possibly the information technology of the future. Tubulin, microtubules (MTs) and the cytoskeleton are dynamic, self-assembling systems and we asked whether their structure and function contain the clues on how to fabricate biomolecular information processing devices. Here we review our neurobiological studies of transgenic Drosophila that strongly suggest the microtubular cytoskeleton is near the 'front lines' of intracellular information manipulation and storage. We also establish that spectroscopic techniques such as refractometry, surface plasmon resonance sensing and dielectric spectroscopy, coupled with molecular dynamic simulations and (quantum) electrodynamic analytical theory are useful tools in the study of the electrodynamic and possible quantum effects in cytoskeletal proteins. Implicit in our driving question is the possibility that if tubulin and MTs can indeed be cast as the basis of a classical or quantum computer, then perhaps nature has already done so and tubulin and MTs already play such a role in living neural and other cells. If quantum mechanics is found to be important in cellular function (through its involvement in proteins) it is natural to ask whether there are indeed quantum effects pertinent to consciousness. We conclude this work by suggesting a number of ways towards experimentally testing this "Quantum Consciousness Idea" (QCI), directly at the protein level.
description: 66 pages, 22 figures, 1 table. This is to appear in the upcoming Springer-Verlag volume on "Emerging Physics of Consciousness" ed. by J.A. Tuszynski
Free Lunch for Few-shot Learning: Distribution Calibration
Creators: name: Yang, Shuo
name: Liu, Lu
name: Xu, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning from a limited number of samples is challenging since the learned model can easily become overfitted based on the biased distribution formed by only a few training examples. In this paper, we calibrate the distribution of these few-sample classes by transferring statistics from the classes with sufficient examples, then an adequate number of examples can be sampled from the calibrated distribution to expand the inputs to the classifier. We assume every dimension in the feature representation follows a Gaussian distribution so that the mean and the variance of the distribution can borrow from that of similar classes whose statistics are better estimated with an adequate number of samples. Our method can be built on top of off-the-shelf pretrained feature extractors and classification models without extra parameters. We show that a simple logistic regression classifier trained using the features sampled from our calibrated distribution can outperform the state-of-the-art accuracy on two datasets (~5% improvement on miniImageNet compared to the next best). The visualization of these generated features demonstrates that our calibrated distribution is an accurate estimation.
description: ICLR 2021
Fusion Models for Improved Visual Captioning
Creators: name: Kalimuthu, Marimuthu
name: Mogadala, Aditya
name: Mosbach, Marius
name: Klakow, Dietrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual captioning aims to generate textual descriptions given images or videos. Traditionally, image captioning models are trained on human annotated datasets such as Flickr30k and MS-COCO, which are limited in size and diversity. This limitation hinders the generalization capabilities of these models while also rendering them liable to making mistakes. Language models can, however, be trained on vast amounts of freely available unlabelled data and have recently emerged as successful language encoders and coherent text generators. Meanwhile, several unimodal and multimodal fusion techniques have been proven to work well for natural language generation and automatic speech recognition. Building on these recent developments, and with the aim of improving the quality of generated captions, the contribution of our work in this paper is two-fold: First, we propose a generic multimodal model fusion framework for caption generation as well as emendation where we utilize different fusion strategies to integrate a pretrained Auxiliary Language Model (AuxLM) within the traditional encoder-decoder visual captioning frameworks. Next, we employ the same fusion strategies to integrate a pretrained Masked Language Model (MLM), namely BERT, with a visual captioning model, viz. Show, Attend, and Tell, for emending both syntactic and semantic errors in captions. Our caption emendation experiments on three benchmark image captioning datasets, viz. Flickr8k, Flickr30k, and MSCOCO, show improvements over the baseline, indicating the usefulness of our proposed multimodal fusion strategies. Further, we perform a preliminary qualitative analysis on the emended captions and identify error categories based on the type of corrections.
description: Accepted at "Multi-Modal Deep Learning: Challenges and Applications" (MMDLCA), International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)-2020, Milano, Italia
COVID-19 ИНФЕКЦИЯСИ ФОНИДА РИВОЖЛАНГАН ЮҚОРИ НАФАС ЙЎЛЛАРИНИНГ ЯЛЛИҒЛАНИШ КАСАЛЛИКЛАРИДАДА МАҲАЛЛИЙ ВА ТИЗИМЛИ ИММУН ҲОЛАТИ
Creators: name: Раджабов, А.Ҳ.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Охирги пайтларда COVID-19 каби янги коронавирус касаллигининг одамдан одамга юқиши туфайли глобал пандемия пайдо бўлди. 2019-йил декабр ойида авж олгандан бери ўн миллиондан ортиқ одам COVID-19 билан касалланган. Одамларда COVID-19 билан касалланганларнинг аксарияти енгил (80%), юқтирган беморларнинг 20 фоизи оғир касалликка дучор бўлиши ва 5 фоизида оғир касаллик ва пневмония ёки ўткир респиратор дистресс синдроми ривожланиши мумкин, бу эса механик шамоллаш ва интенсив касалхонага ётқизишни талаб қилади.
Application of Zhangs Square Root Law and Herding to Financial Markets
Creators: name: Wagner, Friedrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We apply an asymmetric version of Kirman's herding model to volatile financial markets. In the relation between returns and agent concentration we use the square root law proposed by Zhang. This can be derived by extending the idea of a critical mean field theory suggested by Plerou et al. We show that this model is equivalent to the so called 3/2-model of stochastic volatility. The description of the unconditional distribution for the absolute returns is in good agreement with the DAX independent whether one uses the square root or a conventional linear relation. Only the statistic of extreme events prefers the former. The description of the autocorrelations are in much better agreement for the square root law. The volatility clusters are described by a scaling law for the distribution of returns conditional to the value at the previous day in good agreement with the data.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures, Latex
Growth of stellar mass black holes in dense molecular clouds and GW190521
Creators: name: Rice, Jared R.
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A stellar mass black hole can grow its mass noticeably through Bondi accretion, if it is embedded in an extremely dense and massive molecular cloud with slow motion with respect to the ambient medium for an extended period of time. This provides a novel, yet challenging channel for the formation of massive stellar-mass black holes. We discuss how this channel may account for the massive binary black hole merger system GW190521 as observed by LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave detectors as well as the claimed massive black hole candidate LB-1.
description: 6 pages; accepted for publication in ApJ; matches accepted version
ВРОЖДЕННЫЙ ИММУННЫЙ СТАТУС ПРИ  ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ ВЕРХНИХ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ НА ФОНЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ COVID-19
Creators: name: Раджабов, А.Х.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Врожденный иммунитет является первой линией защиты человека и играет ключевую роль в снижении распространения патогенов. В отличие от адаптивного иммунитета, который работает путем создания специальных рецепторов против микробных антигенов (например, антител или TCR), врожденный иммунитет основан на распознавании общих молекулярных структур, присутствующих в микробных структурах.
Strain-Rate Selection in the Constant-Rate-of-Strain Consolidation Test
Creators: name: Gorman, C. Thomas
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Constant-rate-of-strain (CRS) consolidation tests were performed on remolded kaolinite specimens. The effect of strain rate on CRS test data is shown. A relation between soil parameters and strain rate was developed and used to formulate a strain-rate selection procedure. The fmal selectlon procedure is based on liquid limit and initial degree of saturation of the specimen and is presented in graphical form. The procedure is applicable to all types of soils.
Heterogeneous bacterial swarms with mixed lengths
Creators: name: Peled, Shlomit
name: Ryan, Shawn D.
name: Heidenreich, Sebastian
name: Bar, Markus
name: Ariel, Gil
name: Be'er, Avraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heterogeneous systems of active matter exhibit a range of complex emergent dynamical patterns. In particular, it is difficult to predict the properties of the mixed system based on its constituents. These considerations are particularly significant for understanding realistic bacterial swarms, which typically develop heterogeneities even when grown from a single cell. Here, mixed swarms of cells with different aspect ratios are studied both experimentally and in simulations. In contrast with previous theory, there is no macroscopic phase segregation. However, locally, long cells act as nucleation cites, around which ordered clusters of short, rapidly moving cells can form, resulting in enhanced swarming speeds. On the other hand, high fractions of long cells form a bottle-neck for efficient swarming. Our results suggest a new physical advantage for the spontaneous heterogeneity of bacterial swarm populations.
Mastering the Master Space
Creators: name: Forcella, Davide
name: Hanany, Amihay
name: He, Yang-Hui
name: Zaffaroni, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersymmetric gauge theories have an important but perhaps under-appreciated notion of a master space, which controls the full moduli space. For world-volume theories of D-branes probing a Calabi-Yau singularity X the situation is particularly illustrative. In the case of one physical brane, the master space F is the space of F-terms and a particular quotient thereof is X itself. We study various properties of F which encode such physical quantities as Higgsing, BPS spectra, hidden global symmetries, etc. Using the plethystic program we also discuss what happens at higher number N of branes. This letter is a summary and some extensions of the key points of a longer companion paper arXiv:0801.1585.
description: 10 pages, 1 Figure
Daido Moriyama: Pioneering Urban Grit and Street Photography
Creators: name: Oliveira, Jorge
Publisher: name: Empowerverse Media & Communication Agency
Year: 2024
Subjects: Daido Moriyama
urban grit photography
street photography analysis

description: Daido Moriyama, a luminary in contemporary photography, has left an indelible mark on the subgenres of Urban Grit and Street Photography. Born in 1938 in Osaka, Japan, Moriyama's work is a visceral exploration of urban life, capturing its essence in a raw and unfiltered manner. This article delves into Moriyama's creative process, influences, and insights, drawing upon specific examples, scholarly research, and critical perspectives to provide a comprehensive analysis.
The Wilson-loop $d \log$ representation for Feynman integrals
Creators: name: He, Song
name: Li, Zhenjie
name: Tang, Yichao
name: Yang, Qinglin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and study the Wilson-loop ${\rm d}\log$ representation of certain Feynman integrals for scattering amplitudes in ${\cal N}=4$ SYM and beyond, which makes their evaluation completely straightforward. Such a representation was motivated by the dual Wilson loop picture, and it can also be derived by partial Feynman parametrization of loop integrals. We first introduce it for the simplest one-loop examples, the chiral pentagon in four dimensions and the three-mass-easy hexagon in six dimensions, which are represented by two- and three-fold ${\rm d}\log$ integrals that are nicely related to each other. For multi-loop examples, we write the $L$-loop generalized penta-ladders as $2(L{-}1)$-fold ${\rm d}\log$ integrals of some one-loop integral, so that once the latter is known, the integration can be performed in a systematic way. In particular, we write the eight-point penta-ladder as a $2L$-fold ${\rm d}\log$ integral whose symbol can be computed without performing the integration; we also obtain the last entries and the symbol alphabet of these integrals. Similarly we compute and study the symbol of the seven-point double-penta-ladder, which is represented by a $2(L{-}1)$-fold integral of a hexagon; the latter can be written as a two-fold ${\rm d}\log$ integral plus a boundary term. We comment on the relation of our representation to differential equations and resum the ladders by solving certain integral equations.
description: 34 pages, many figures. v3: alphabet of double-pentagon corrected
Evaluation of Watertight Bridge Expansion Joints
Creators: name: Azevedo, Wm. Vernon
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Engineers have long recognized the importance of bridge expansion joints. The inadequacy in design of such joints has also been realized. Proprietary products are now available which may eliminate well-documented problems associated with bridge expansion.  The objective of this study was to evaluate the field performance of such products.
Novel pentaquark picture for singly heavy baryons from chiral symmetry
Creators: name: Suenaga, Daiki
name: Hosaka, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new type of structure for singly heavy baryons of $Qqq\bar{q}q$ in addition to the conventional one of $Qqq$. Based on chiral symmetry of the light quarks, we show that the $Qqq\bar{q}q$ baryon offers a novel picture for heavy quark spin-singlet and flavor-antisymmetric baryons. By making use of the effective Lagrangian approach, we find $Λ_c(2765)$ and $Ξ_c(2967)$ are mostly $Qqq\bar{q}q$ while $Λ_c(2286)$ and $Ξ_c(2470)$ are mostly $Qqq$. The masses of negative-parity baryons are predicted. We also derive a sum rule and the extended Goldberger-Treiman relation that the masses of the baryons satisfy. Furthermore, a mass degeneracy of parity partners of the baryons with the restoration of chiral symmetry is discussed. These are the unique features that the conventional picture of radial excitation in the quark model does not accommodate. Our findings provide useful information not only for future experiments but also for future lattice simulations on diquarks.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Heavy Wino-like Neutralino Dark Matter Annihilation into Antiparticles
Creators: name: Hisano, Junji
name: Matsumoto, Shigeki
name: Saito, Osamu
name: Senami, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lightest neutralino is a viable dark matter (DM) candidate. In this paper we study indirect detection of the wino-like neutralino DM using positrons and antiprotons from the annihilation in the galactic halo. When the mass is around 2 TeV, which is favored from the thermal relic abundance, the non-perturbation effect significantly enhances the annihilation cross sections into positrons and antiprotons. We find that the positron and antiproton fluxes with energies larger than 100 GeV may become larger than the expected backgrounds. Since the positron flux is less sensitive to the astrophysical parameters, the detection may be promising in the upcoming experiments such as PAMELA and AMS-02. We also find the wino-like neutralino DM with mass around 2 TeV is compatible with the HEAT anomaly.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
Transcription of story about the man from Tish-Tang and his Chinese friend
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Lee-Wynant, Tyler
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-270318-10: Transcription of file VP-150816-04 (story about a man from Tish-Tang-Ah-Ding and his Chinese friend), from 11:00.
The Economic Impacts of Avian Influenza on World Poultry Trade and the U.S. Poultry Industry: A Spatial Equilibrium Analysis
Creators: name: Djunaidi, Harjanto
name: Djunaidi, Andrew C.M.
name: Djunaidi, Harjanto
name: Djunaidi, Andrew C.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Bird flu
subject: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
subject: economic impacts
subject: H5N1
subject: HPAI disease
subject: spatial equilibrium
subject: U.S. poultry industry
subject: world chicken trade

description: Simulation results showed that simultaneous outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Asia, the United States, Brazil, and selected European countries will have significant impacts on world poultry trade. Assuming demand for chicken meat is constant, the global export price is simulated to increase by 9.63%. HPAI outbreaks in the United States, Economic Union, and Brazil will have a greater impact on export price than in any other possible three-region case. Outbreaks in the United States and Brazil would still lead to major impacts on world poultry trade, confirming large country effects.
Vehicle Noise Emission Levels in Kentucky
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The objectives of this study were to update individual vehicle noise data taken in previous years in Kentucky and to determine reference mean energy emission levels for Kentucky vehicles for use in the SNAP 1 noise prediction procedure.  Comparison of Kentucky and nationwide emission levels showed a close agreement for medium and heavy trucks; however, automobile noise levels in Kentucky were higher than nationwide levels. An analysis of emission levels of the various vehicle types showed that a fourth category, light trucks, may need to be added. The Kentucky emission levels were input into SNAP 1 in place of the nationwide levels, but the nationwide values gave closer overall results when compared to measured values. Therefore, it was recommended that the use of nationwide emission levels be continued in the SNAP 1 program until such time as results showing closer agreement between measured and predicted values using the nationwide levels can be explained. It was also recommended that the equations relating emission levels and speed for the four categories of vehicles (automobile, light trucks, medium trucks, heavy trucks) be adopted as representative of emission levels for vehicles in Kentucky.  Noise levels of automobiles and trucks were found to have decreased over the past several years.
Homogenous and Heterogenous Contestants in Piece Rate Tournaments: Theory and Empirical Analysis
Creators: name: Vukina, Tomislav
name: Zheng, Xiaoyong
name: Vukina, Tomislav
name: Zheng, Xiaoyong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In this paper we show that sorting different ability contestants in piece rate tournaments into more homogeneous groups alters incentives for agents to exert effort. In particular we show that for a given mean of the tournament group's ability parameters, larger variance (more heterogeneous agents) induces higher optimal effort. This implies that the principal can actually gain from heterogenizing the tournament groups. On the other hand, the effect of this change on growers' welfare is unclear because higher effort leads to higher productivity and hence higher payment, but also increases the cost of effort. Using broiler production contracts settlement data we empirically estimate a fully structural model of a piece rate tournament game with heterogeneous players. Our counterfactual analysis shows that under reasonable assumptions the integrator's gain is actually larger than the growers' losses indicating that heterogenizing groups in piece rate tournaments may be efficient.
New constraints on the 1.4 GHz source number counts and luminosity functions in the Lockman Hole field
Creators: name: Bonato, Matteo
name: Prandoni, Isabella
name: De Zotti, Gianfranco
name: Brienza, Marisa
name: Morganti, Raffaella
name: Vaccari, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the 1173 sources brighter than $S_{1.4\,\rm GHz}= 120\,μ$Jy detected over an area of $\simeq 1.4\,\hbox{deg}^{2}$ in the Lockman Hole field. Exploiting the multi-band information available in this field for $\sim$79% of the sample, sources have been classified into radio loud (RL) active galactic nuclei (AGNs), star forming galaxies (SFGs) and radio quiet (RQ) AGNs, using a variety of diagnostics available in the literature. Exploiting the observed tight anti-correlations between IRAC band 1 or band 2 and the source redshift we could assign a redshift to 177 sources missing a spectroscopic measurement or a reliable photometric estimate. A Monte Carlo approach was used to take into account the spread around the mean relation. The derived differential number counts and luminosity functions at several redshifts of each population show a good consistency with models and with earlier estimates made using data from different surveys and applying different approaches. Our results confirm that below $\sim300\,μ$Jy SFGs$+$RQ AGNs overtake RL AGNs that dominate at brighter flux densities. We also confirm earlier indications of a similar evolution of RQ AGNs and SFGs. Finally, we discuss the angular correlation function of our sources and highlight its sensitivity to the criteria used for the classification.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, MNRAS in press