cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
De Novo Structure Prediction of LncRNA MALAT1
Creators: name: Sanwal, Disha
name: Herron, Lukas
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2024
Subjects: chemistry
CMNS
RNA
cancer

description: Functional, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have come to light in recent years for their key role in biological regulatory processes and association with notoriously difficult to treat diseases such as cancer. The long ncRNA MALAT1, a potential cancer biomarker and target for cancer treatment, is studied using novel computational methods. However, despite growing interest in RNA as a therapeutic target, determining their structure is difficult. Current computational techniques struggle to understand RNA structure due to highly complex RNA dynamics occurring over long timescales and limitations in addressing non-canonical base pairing. Moreover, RNAs are flexible by nature and adopt a broad ensemble of conformation rather than a single native state. Through the development of Thermodynamic Maps, which combines statistical mechanics and molecular simulations with score-based generative models, a sequence-to-structural ensemble pipeline is created to perform de novo structure prediction of MALAT1 and yield an enriched structural ensemble at hard-to-sample physiological temperatures. Whilst tackling challenges such as the large size of MALAT1 which greatly affects sampling and incorporating extensive exploration of Langevin dynamics, essential to score matching, the key mechanistic functions of the RNA are able to be studied with the discovery of its ensemble. With support from the National Cancer Institute, work continues to aim to find small molecules that emerge as potential ligands to MALAT1, pushing towards drug discovery and optimization.
ChatGPT versus Bard: A comparative study
Creators: name: Ahmed, Imtiaz
name: Kajol, Mashrafi
name: Hasan, Uzma
name: Datta, Partha Protim
name: Roy, Ayon
name: Reza, Md Rokonuzzaman
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2024

description: The rapid progress in conversational AI has given rise to advanced language models capable of generating human-like texts. Among these models, ChatGPT and Bard, developed by OpenAI and Google AI respectively, have gained significant attention. With their wide range of functionalities, such as human-like response generation, proficiency in professional exams, complex problem solving, and more, these models have captured interest. This study presents a comprehensive survey exploring and comparing the capabilities and features of ChatGPT and Bard. We delve into their architectures, training methodologies, performance evaluations, and limitations across various domains. Ethical considerations such as biases and potential misconduct are also examined. Our findings highlight ChatGPT's exceptional performance, positioning it as a leading model. This survey is a vital resource for scholars, innovators, and interested parties operating within the domain of conversational artificial intelligence, offering valuable insights for the advancement of cutting-edge language models.
title: Law Relating to Preventive Detention in Pakistan.
Creators: name: Mian, Altaf Hosain
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1970

description: The thesis deals with the law relating to preventive detention in Pakistan. It is an extraordinary law which empowers the executive to deprive citizens of their liberty without trial in regular court of law. Legislative powers may, under the constitution, be used in the interest of the state for reasons connected with defence, security, maintenance of public order and internal peace. The chapters on fundamental rights in the Constitutions of 1956 and 1962 place restrictions on these powers. The evolution of fundamental rights from the time of the British Raj are discussed in detail, and after a general discussion of fundamental rights, the thesis deals with the demands made by various political parties for their incorporation in the Indian constitution to be made by Parliament at Westminster. The All Party Report, The Simon Commission Report, The Round Table Conference Report and report of The Joint Parliamentary Committee on Indian Constitutional reform are dealt with in this Chapter I, along with the abrogation of the two constitutions of Pakistan. In Chapter II, the history of preventive detention has been traced from 1775 with Bengal State Prisoners Regulations of 1818 and 1850, the Criminal law Amendment Acts, 1908, 1915, the Sedition Report, 1918, the Rowlatt Act, 1919, and the Defence of India Act, 1939. The necessity for preventive detention is discussed in Chapter III; after a general consideration, such provisions in England and America in time of war are discussed. Chapter IV discusses the nature of preventive detention laws and the constitutional restrictions on them. Chapter V discusses judicial review and the jurisdiction of the High Courts to set aside detention orders when there is any irregularity or the order is made mala fide. Chapter VI deals with the detaining authority, the nature and reasonableness of its satisfaction to pass detention orders. The justification of preventive detention is discussed in Chapter VII, in which the situation in Pakistan is outlined; alternative remedies have been discussed to show how far they are inadequate to meet the needs of the country. The next two chapters deal with the constitutional remedies for loss of personal liberty, in which the writ procedure in England and Pakistan is discussed in detail, as well as Article 2 of Constitution of Pakistan, 1962. In the last Chapter some conclusions have been drawn from the research and some suggestions have been made.
AE-GPT: Using Large Language Models to Extract Adverse Events from Surveillance Reports-A Use Case with Influenza Vaccine Adverse Events
Creators: name: Li, Yiming
name: Li, Jianfu
name: He, Jianping
name: Tao, Cui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Though Vaccines are instrumental in global health, mitigating infectious diseases and pandemic outbreaks, they can occasionally lead to adverse events (AEs). Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in effectively identifying and cataloging AEs within clinical reports. Utilizing data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 1990 to 2016, this study particularly focuses on AEs to evaluate LLMs' capability for AE extraction. A variety of prevalent LLMs, including GPT-2, GPT-3 variants, GPT-4, and Llama 2, were evaluated using Influenza vaccine as a use case. The fine-tuned GPT 3.5 model (AE-GPT) stood out with a 0.704 averaged micro F1 score for strict match and 0.816 for relaxed match. The encouraging performance of the AE-GPT underscores LLMs' potential in processing medical data, indicating a significant stride towards advanced AE detection, thus presumably generalizable to other AE extraction tasks.
Social Networks and Fears of Stigma by Association with the LGBTQ+ Community
Creators: name: Guberman, Lucas
name: Yonas, Kalkidan
name: Schiele, Devin
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: College of Behavioral and Social Sciences
subject: LGBTQ+
subject: Stigma
subject: Prejudice

description: Members of the LGBTQ+ community face unjust stigma and discrimination.  People may not want to associate with members of this community due to fear that their association will cause them to be similarly stigmatized, termed fears of stigma by association. The purpose of the current research is to examine whether fears of stigma by association mediate the relationship between indirect contact and microaggressions towards members of the LGBTQ+ community. The results of this study point to reduced fears of stigma-by-association as a novel mechanism through which intergroup contact improves intergroup relations. People with inclusive social networks may be more accepting of the LGBTQ+ community because they are less fearful of being stigmatized by their network members.
HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME, CAREGIVER CHANGES, AND FAMILY COHESION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH PRENATAL DRUG EXPOSURE
Creators: name: Booker, Jonathan
name: Kohn, Brooke H.
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2023

description: Prenatal exposure to drugs has been associated with changes in neurocognitive development, such as delays in language development and sensorimotor development. However, the effects of prenatal drug exposure (PDE) can also be modified by the postnatal environment. The present study explored associations between PDE and postnatal family functioning on adolescent brain development. Parent-infant dyads were enrolled at delivery from an urban University Hospital. Eligibility included positive (cocaine/heroin) maternal/infant urine toxicology or maternal self-report of cocaine/heroin use during pregnancy. A Community Comparison (CC) sample, of the same age and key demographic, was enrolled at age 6 years. Caregiver changes were documented every six months throughout the first 7 years of the study. Adolescents (N = 50) completed structural MRI scans. Volumetric segmentation of the hippocampus was performed using FreeSurfer v5.2. Hippocampal volume was adjusted for intracranial volume, age, and sex. At this time, caregivers and adolescents also reported on family functioning by completing the Self-Report Family Instrument. The subscales of interest were family cohesion and health competence. Participants with PDE had more caregiver changes, reported less family cohesion, less health competence, and had larger hippocampal volumes compared to the CC group. Additionally, within the PDE group, caregiver changes were correlated with right hippocampal volume; however the bilateral hippocampal volumes of those with any history of caregiver changes vs none were not significantly different. Overall, findings demonstrate lasting impacts of PDE but suggest that postnatal caregiving environments may also contribute to neurodevelopment.
SpiDy.jl: open-source Julia package for the study of non-Markovian stochastic dynamics
Creators: name: Scali, Stefano
name: Horsley, Simon
name: Anders, Janet
name: Cerisola, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SpiDy.jl solves the non-Markovian stochastic dynamics of interacting classical spin vectors and harmonic oscillator networks in contact with a dissipative environment. The methods implemented allow the user to include arbitrary memory effects and colored quantum noise spectra. In this way, SpiDy.jl provides key tools for the simulation of classical and quantum open systems including non-Markovian effects and arbitrarily strong coupling to the environment. Among the wide range of applications, some examples range from atomistic spin dynamics to ultrafast magnetism and the study of anisotropic materials. We provide the user with Julia notebooks to guide them through the various mathematical methods and help them quickly set up complex simulations.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Irrigation effect on cork oak regeneration
Creators: name: Ceia, Ricardo
name: Moreira, Mafalda
name: Moreira, Francisco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310308
subject: Terrestrial ecology
classificationCode: 410206
subject: Landscape ecology

description: Irrigation can be a strategy to overcome the high mortality and declining vigour of cork oak trees facing increasing drought stress in the Mediterranean basin. Through a three-year irrigation experiment in a semi-arid Mediterranean region, which encompassed two sets of 100 planted individuals that had a 24-year age gap and the direct seeding of 100 acorns, we tested the influence of water irrigation on distinct stages of cork oak establishment and development, namely (1) acorn germination, (2) emerged seedling survival, (3) growth of planted seedlings, (4) vertical and (5) radial growth, and (6) the vigour of 28-year-old trees. Water irrigation significantly improved acorn germination and the growth of both cork oak seedlings and trees, but did not affect the survival of emerged seedlings to the dry season. The vigour of 28-year-old trees (height-to-diameter ratio) showed no significant differences between the plants growing in watered and in control conditions.
Scaling the Inference of Digital Pathology Deep Learning Models Using CPU-Based High-Performance Computing
Creators: name: Li, Weizhe
name: Mikailov, Mike
name: Chen, Weijie
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2023

description: Digital pathology whole-slide images (WSIs) are large-size gigapixel images, and image analysis based on deep learning artificial intelligence technology often involves pixelwise testing of a trained deep learning neural network (DLNN) on hundreds of WSI images, which is time-consuming. We take advantage of high-performance computing (HPC) facilities to parallelize this procedure into multiple independent (and hence delightfully parallel) tasks. However, traditional software parallelization techniques and regular file formats can have significant scaling problems on HPC clusters. In this work, a useful computational strategy is designed to localize and extract relevant patches in WSI files and group them in Hierarchical Data Format version 5 files well suited for parallel I/O. HPC's array job facilities are adapted for hierarchical scaling and parallelization of WSI preprocessing and testing of trained algorithms. Applying these techniques to testing a trained DLNN on the CAMELYON datasets with 399 WSIs reduced the theoretical processing time of 18 years on a single central processing unit (CPU) or 30 days on a single graphics processing unit to less than 45 h on an HPC cluster of 4000 CPU cores. The efficiency–accuracy tradeoff we demonstrated on this dataset further reinforced the importance of efficient computation techniques, without which accuracy may be sacrificed. The framework developed here for testing DLNNs does not rely on any specific neural network architecture and HPC cluster setup and can be utilized for any large-scale image processing and big-data analysis.
title: The Impact of Some Mahayana Concepts on Sinhalese Buddhism.
Creators: name: Goonatilake, Sangapala Arachchige Hemalatha
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1974

description: This study attempts to examine the influence of some specific Mahayana concepts on Sinhalese Buddhism. The first chapter serves as a historical backdrop to the inflow of various non-orthodox movements into Ceylon and records the continuous impact of the Mahayana on the Theravada from the earliest times. The second chapter deals with the development of the concept of the threefold bodhi and examines in some detail the way in which the goal of Ceylon Buddhism shifted from, the Theravada arahantship to the Mahayana ideal of Buddhahood. Furthermore it suggests that this new ideal was virtually absorbed into Ceylon Buddhism, The next chapter discusses the Mahayana doctrines of trikaya, vajrakaya , sunyata, karuna and prajna as adopted by Sinhalese writers without much concern for the philosophical import which these par excellence Mahayana concepts had for Mahayanists themselves. The fourth chapter is devoted to a discussion of particular emphasis given to the cult of Maitreya which was stimulated by the Mahayana. The growth of the concept of the ten Bodhisattvas and of innumerable Buddhas is also examined. The fifth chapter treats at length the worship of Mahayana Bodhisattvas. It tends to show how certain deities underwent various metamorphoses; local gods began in time to be worshipped as Mahayana gods, and Mahayana gods had lost their identity and merged with local gods. The last chapter deals with the development of the Bodhisattva ideal of kingship in Ceylon and countries in South East Asia, It also compares the nature of this cult in these countries with that which prevailed in Ceylon. It contends that the cult first developed in Ceylon and was used as an instrument for the legitimization of the king's authority. Thus it rejects the conventional view that the fall of the Khmer empire was the result of the introduction of Sinhalese Buddhism there.
title: Some Aspects of the Population and Urban Geography of an Island Republic: The Case Study of Singapore Since 1957.
Creators: name: Yeo, M. K.
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1974

description: The main aim of this study is to examine the urban and related population problems of Singapore; to analyse the demographic structure, social and economic characteristics of the population and to describe the system of housing and urban renewal schemes. An attempt is also made to describe the various interrelationships between the public housing development, the urban renewal and the population problems in Singapore. The main four findings of study are as follows. First, under immigration control and the Singapore National Family Planning and Birth Control Policy it is hoped possible that the population will be settled down into a more stable population and the two-child family will be accepted as the social norm. Secondly, in comparing the present housing conditions and development with those of the past it is clear that before 1960 most of the housing for low-income groups consisted of crowded tenements in Chinatown; the middle income groups were typified by the Singapore Improvement Trust flats in Tiong Bahru and Alexandra Road; and both these groups were living in single-storey to triple-storey buildings. After 1960, most of the public housing has been multi-storey flats, particularly for the lower-income groups of the population. Thirdly, Singapore's current dynamic urban renewal programme is being promoted against this background, and the city skyline is being dramatically transformed. Finally, it is hoped that the success of Singapore's multi-racial experience will have a contribution to make to all multi-racial societies, especially in Southeast Asia.
Auditory Deprivation Leads to Shrinkage in Low Best Frequency Nucleus Magnocellularis Neurons
Creators: name: Abouelseoud, Nada
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biology Department
Neuroscience Department
CMNS
Auditory Development
Neuroscience Honors

description: During development in barn owls (Tyto furcata), the interaural time differences (ITDs) circuit undergoes a progressive augmentation. At the core of the ITD detection mechanism lies the nucleus magnocellularis (NM) and nucleus laminaris (NL). NM and NL neurons together orchestrate precise auditory localization. The plasticity of the brain prompted an exploration into how the experience of barn owls influence the modulation of their ITD detection circuit. Auditory researchers have long suspected the dependence of NM neurons on auditory input. Since complete auditory isolation leads to significant changes in the morphology and physiology of NM cells, an investigation into mild acoustic deprivation could show the degree of auditory dependence NM cells require to develop. A methodological approach involving the rearing of owls with unilateral ear inserts was designed to dampen the acoustic signal on one side. Upon reaching maturity, examination of the owls' brainstem revealed that NM cells situated ipsilateral to the earplug exhibited a decrease in size by approximately 7% compared to their contralateral counterparts. However, this only confined to regions corresponding to low frequency tonotopic domains. The rostral NM remained unchanged in size despite such alterations. Notably, the overall roundness or form factor of neurons within both caudal and rostral NM remained unaltered.
Associations Between Infant Self-Regulation and Socio-Emotional Development
Creators: name: Erkan, Cansu
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2024
Subjects: Infant self-regulation, infant irritability, infant soothability, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, CBCL, IBQ, psychology, PSYC

description: Infant temperament can predict later attention. Irritable infants, who show low threshold for frustration, are more likely to develop attention problems. Irritability and ADHD are also comorbid later in life. Less easily soothable infants are also shown to develop attentional problems later in childhood. It is unclear whether temperament as early as 4 months, including irritability and soothability, can predict later attention. The current study explores relations between infant irritability and soothability with later attentional development.
sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X20930827 - Supplemental material for Reversal of neurovascular coupling in the default mode network: Evidence from hypoxia
Creators: name: Rossetti, Gabriella MK
name: D’Avossa, Giovanni
name: Rogan, Matthew
name: Macdonald, Jamie H
name: Oliver, Samuel J
name: Mullins, Paul G
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110305 Emergency Medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: Medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: 110320 Radiology and Organ Imaging
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X20930827 for Reversal of neurovascular coupling in the default mode network: Evidence from hypoxia by Gabriella MK Rossetti, Giovanni d’Avossa, Matthew Rogan, Jamie H Macdonald, Samuel J Oliver and Paul G Mullins in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
Knight_OpenPracticesDisclosure_new – Supplemental material for Weak and Variable Effects of Exogenous Testosterone on Cognitive Reflection Test Performance in Three Experiments: Commentary on Nave, Nadler, Zava, and Camerer (2017)
Creators: name: Knight, Erik L.
name: Blakeley B. McShane
name: Kutlikova, Hana H.
name: Morales, Pablo J.
name: Christian, Colton B.
name: Harbaugh, William T.
name: Mayr, Ulrich
name: Ortiz, Triana L.
name: Gilbert, Kimberly
name: Ma-Kellams, Christine
name: Riečanský, Igor
name: Watson, Neil V.
name: Eisenegger, Christoph
name: Lamm, Claus
name: Pranjal H. Mehta
name: Carré, Justin M.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, Knight_OpenPracticesDisclosure_new for Weak and Variable Effects of Exogenous Testosterone on Cognitive Reflection Test Performance in Three Experiments: Commentary on Nave, Nadler, Zava, and Camerer (2017) by Erik L. Knight, Blakeley B. McShane, Hana H. Kutlikova, Pablo J. Morales, Colton B. Christian, William T. Harbaugh, Ulrich Mayr, Triana L. Ortiz, Kimberly Gilbert, Christine Ma-Kellams, Igor Riečanský, Neil V. Watson, Christoph Eisenegger, Claus Lamm, Pranjal H. Mehta and Justin M. Carré in Psychological Science
Supplemental Material, Appendix_1_Interview_guide_residents - Elderly Well-Being and Alcohol: A Tricky Cocktail
Creators: name: Klausen, Søren Harnow
name: Engelsen, Søren
name: Christiansen, Regina
name: Emiliussen, Jakob
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplemental Material, Appendix_1_Interview_guide_residents for Elderly Well-Being and Alcohol: A Tricky Cocktail by Søren Harnow Klausen, Søren Engelsen, Regina Christiansen and Jakob Emiliussen in International Journal of Qualitative Methods
title: Comparative Study of Conventional Urban Houses in Three Regions in Africa.
Creators: name: Schwerdtfeger, Friedrich Wilhelm
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1975

description: This study is concerned with traditional houses in three selected cities of West and North Africa. The author has been studying the organization of domestic groups and the way in which these groups acquire, build, maintain and finance their houses. Special attention has been devoted to study the relationship between the composition of domestic groups and the lay-out and size of the houses they occupy. The material on which this research is based was collected in Zaria, Ibadan and at Marrakech between December 1967 and the end of February 1969. Altogether 215 houses or compounds with 676 households containing 3,248 persons were studied. The questionnaire used in this enquiry produced a wide range of information on the structure and changes of co-residential kinship groups, household patterns, availability and allocation of living space, on income distributions and expenditures, land tenure as well as on the construction, improvement and maintenance of traditional urban houses and the way in which these building activities were financed. Much of these data and other relevant material are presented below in the form of tables, graphs and diagrams together with a descriptive commentary for each of the three communities studied. This research has produced some interesting analysis on the relationship between traditional forms of housing and the organization of the domestic groups. It has also shown how these groups have built, financed and maintained their houses largely without official help. However, this study does not seek to supply ready solutions for the urban housing problems in Africa, but rather to produce information which architects and townplanners may find of some practical use when searching for better housing particularly for the indigenous population of Zaria, Ibadan and Marrakech or towns of similar background.
Reviewer_1_v.1_ – Supplemental material for Reclassifying severity after 48 hours could better predict mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Creators: name: Chiu, Li-Chung
name: Shih-Wei Lin
name: Liu, Pi-Hua
name: Li-Pang Chuang
name: Chih-Hao Chang
name: Chen-Yiu Hung
name: Shih-Hong Li
name: Chung-Shu Lee
name: Huang-Pin Wu
name: Huang, Chung-Chi
name: Hsin-Hsien Li
name: Kuo-Chin Kao
name: Han-Chung Hu
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases

description: Supplemental material, Reviewer_1_v.1_ for Reclassifying severity after 48 hours could better predict mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome by Li-Chung Chiu, Shih-Wei Lin, Pi-Hua Liu, Li-Pang Chuang, Chih-Hao Chang, Chen-Yiu Hung, Shih-Hong Li, Chung-Shu Lee, Huang-Pin Wu, Chung-Chi Huang, Hsin-Hsien Li, Kuo-Chin Kao and Han-Chung Hu in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease
title: Urban Society in Bengal, 1850-1872, With Special Reference to Calcutta.
Creators: name: Basu, Ranu
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1974

description: This thesis is concerned with the main aspects of social stratification, control and relationships within the urban Bengali society and with the attitudes and activities of the mid-nineteenth century urban Bengalis. The effects of urbanism upon Bengali society, particularly with reference to the phenomenon of increasing social mobility involving the institutions of caste and the joint family, have been discussed. The growth in the areas and frequency of interaction between different sections, groups and individuals in society has also been dealt with, in the context of various municipal, social, religious and other movements of the time. The Brahma Samaj, the prominent socio-religious movement which mainly appealed to the educated urban Bengalis, has been studied in detail, mainly in view of the nature of the reactions to the Vest and the role of traditionalism in the changing society in urban Bengal. An attempt has been made to analyse the background of the leaders of society, the major forces which influenced them, the various groups through which they functioned, the associations and alliances which they formed and the media and methods which they used in responding to the major contemporary political, social, religious and other questions. Calcutta, the most important city in Bengal, has been given most attention with some reference to the differences between modern and pre-modern cities. This work is primarily based upon contemporary and near-contemporary sources including the papers and records of various government officials, missionaries, societies and associations, as well as newspapers, journals, tracts, pamphlets and books - both in Bengali and English. Later sources such as published books, articles and unpublished theses have also been used.
Appendix_IPSR_(002) – Supplemental material for How do different sources of partisanship influence government accountability in Europe?
Creators: name: Whiteley, Paul
name: Ann-Kristin Kölln
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Supplemental material, Appendix_IPSR_(002) for How do different sources of partisanship influence government accountability in Europe? by Paul Whiteley and Ann-Kristin Kölln in International Political Science Review
title: The Embassy of Sir Robert Ainslie at Istanbul 1776-1794.
Creators: name: Bagis, Ali Ihsan
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1974

description: This is a study of Sir Robert Ainslie's embassy in Istanbul, 1776 - 1794. The arrival of Sir Robert Ainslie in Istanbul is dealt with in chapter I, which also outlines the existing situation at the Porte and discusses the circumstances surrounding the Russian annexation of the Crimea, together with the British and French response to this development. The new situation arising in Europe as a result of the treaty of Versailles of 1783 is dealt with in chapter II which further discusses French attempts at mediation between and the Ottoman Empire, the British efforts to frustrate theme attempts and the events of the war between Russia and Ottoman Empire. Chapter III is concerned with Prussian intervention and the Austrian involvement in the Russo-Turkish war, and analyses in detail British support of Prussian endeavours to mediate a peace and the subsequent alliance between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The complicated negotiations of the Reichenbach Convention of July 1790, which resulted in an Austrian agreement to make peace with the Porte, are covered in chapter IV. British and Prussian efforts to induce the Ottomans to make peace with Austria are described in chapter V, which clarifies the British failure to support Prussia in putting pressure on Catherine II, and concludes with a discussion of the terms of the final peace treaties signed in 1791 and 1792.
Hot or Not: Temperature-Mediated Parasite Inhibition by Honey Bee Gut Symbionts
Creators: name: Garbarczyk, Jessica
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biology Honors Program
Jay D. Evans
USDA-ARS
Disease Ecology
Honey Bees

description: European honey bees (Apis mellifera) are essential pollinators of crops and flowering plants globally. Despite their importance, honey bees are threatened by unexplained colony collapse. The combined stress of many different parasites and pathogens is often an attributing factor in failing colonies. One such parasite is Lotmaria passim, a trypanosomatid gut parasite that infects honey bees worldwide. In vitro, L. passim growth is limited by both high temperatures and the acidification of the environment by Firm-5 Lactobacilli. To assess if these interactions are upheld within the honey bee host, we developed an in vivo model using microbiome-depleted honey bees inoculated with L. passim in the presence or absence of Firm-5 Lactobacilli. Post-inoculation, the bees were reared for 5 days across a range of biologically relevant temperatures. Following completion of the trial, each bee gut was dissected, hindgut pH values were measured, and DNA was extracted from the recovered guts. Next, L. passim and Firm-5 Lactobacilli were quantified via qPCR. Preliminary results suggest that although symbiont-mediated parasite inhibition was observed, it is unlikely this interaction was pH-mediated. In the presence of Firm-5 Lactobacilli, L. passim levels were significantly lower than in the absence of Firm-5 Lactobacilli, and lower L. passim levels were significantly correlated with rising temperature. These results provide ecological and mechanistic insights for an understudied host-parasite system and can inform potential treatment strategies targeting a parasite of these essential pollinators.
title: The Governor-Generalship of Sir Lee Stack in the Sudan, 1917-1924.
Creators: name: Daly, Martin William
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1977

description: The subject of this thesis is the history of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan during the governor-generalship of Sir Lee Stack, 1917-1924. The study is based primarily on the unpublished records of the Sudan Government and various collected private papers. The first chapter deals with the appointment of Stack to succeed Sir Reginald Wingate; the economic and political effects on the Sudan of the first world war; the structure of the central government and the officials who directed it; and provincial administration. Stack's relations with Wingate and Viscount Allenby as high commissioners in Cairo are discussed. Among the most important developments of Stack's tenure were the emergence, on the one hand, of Sayyid 'Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi as leader of the revivified Mahdist sect, and, on the other, of secular opposition to the Sudan Government. The second chapter traces the rise of Sayyid 'Abd al-Rahman, the nature of his support, and the government's attempts both to utilize and to limit his influence. The second part of the chapter charts the tentative beginnings, after the war, of secular opposition, and in focussing on the disturbances of 1924 attempts to analyse the motives of this opposition and the response of the government to it. The surge of Egyptian nationalism following the war led to a fundamental change in the relationship of Egypt and Britain, the co-domini in the Sudan. The Sudan's prominent place in the complicated series of negotiations before and especially after the British declaration to Egypt in February 1922, is considered in chapter three. An attempt is made to analyse the reasons for the breakdown in negotiations that culminated in the British ultimatum to Egypt in November 1924 following the assassination of Sir Lee Stack. The ultimatum itself and its consequences in the Sudan are considered in detail. Revived Mahdism, secular opposition, and Egyptian hostility, combined with a latent mistrust of educated Sudanese led the administration under Stack away from the direct, "bureaucratic" methods of the Wingate era toward Indirect Rule. This development is traced in the final chapter, in which conclusions are reached regarding the nature of Indirect Rule in the Sudan and its consequences for the political future of the country.
Selection of FANA Aptamers to Inhibit Sars-CoV-2 Infection
Creators: name: Scheirey, Grace
name: Meda, Anju
name: Yang, Grant
name: DeStefano, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2024
Subjects: department of cellular biology and molecular genetics
CMNS
virology
covid-19

description: Aptamers are short nucleic acid sequences that bind to a particular protein target. Recently, FANA aptamers have been found to be ideal subjects for therapeutic treatments of SARS-CoV-2 as they are highly specific, resistant to degradation, and have low immunogenicity. Previous research has identified a FANA aptamer that binds to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, blocking infection in an airway epithelium model. However, past research has also revealed the possibility of an aptamer that binds to the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 and blocks infection, even without binding directly to the RBD. Thus, our research is focused on identifying FANA aptamers that bind tightly to the SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 variant’s S1 subunit, with the potential to block viral infection. We identified these aptamers by following the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) protocol, which involves synthesizing FANA start material, isolating sequences that bind to the protein target using magnetic bead assays, performing PCR reactions, and repeating selection cycles until we have selected for aptamers with tight binding affinity. After 7 selection cycles, we identified 32 potential aptamer sequences using Sanger Sequencing and compared their properties. We found that FANA-R7-17 bound very tightly to XBB.1.5-S1 with a Kd of 46 ± 15 pM, and had a half-life of about 21 minutes. Among all the aptamers we compared, FANA-R7-17 presents the greatest potential as an aptamer to the SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 variant, though future research would need to be conducted to determine its ability to block infection in a human airway epithelium model.
sj-pdf-3-ccn-10.1177_2059700220936957 - Supplemental material for Accident reconstructions of falls, collisions, and punches in sports
Creators: name: Kendall, Marshall
name: Brien, Susan E
name: Cusimano, Michael
name: Marshall, Shawn
name: Gilchrist, Michael D
name: Hoshizaki, Thomas B
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110305 Emergency Medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: 110604 Sports Medicine
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-ccn-10.1177_2059700220936957 for Accident reconstructions of falls, collisions, and punches in sports by Marshall Kendall, Anna Oeur, Susan E Brien, Michael Cusimano, Shawn Marshall, Michael D Gilchrist and Thomas B Hoshizaki in Journal of Concussion
Who Gets to be a Victim?: The Significance of Johnny Robinson’s Murder
Creators: name: Peart, Riley
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2024
Subjects: FIRE
rhetoric
archival research
civil rights
Visualizing Social Justice

description: The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963 received attention on a federal level, and illustrated the brazen lengths of racial violence in Alabama for a broader audience. Lesser known, however, is the racially motivated murder of 16-year-old Johnny Robinson, which happened a few hours after the church bombing, when Birmingham police officer Jack Park fatally shot Robinson in the back as he was fleeing the scene of an altercation. This research project examines why Robinson’s death was overlooked and remained underreported by the media in the 1960s. While the church bombing gained extensive media attention and was portrayed as the tragic loss of young, innocent black lives, Robinson's case was framed in newspaper coverage not as a victim of racial violence but as a troublemaker evading police, declaring his death an "accidental" shooting. The difference in media coverage and public perception between these two significant events juxtaposes the rhetorical frame of “victimhood;” a frame recognizable to contemporary audiences, especially following the protests in the summer of 2020 after George Floyd’s murder by a white, Minneapolis police officer. Drawing on primary documents, conclusions made from a requested FOIA report, and parallels to the 2020 protests for George Floyd, this research seeks to shed light on the factors that contributed to Robinson's case being overlooked and denied the justice it deserves.
ILRR_Benton_Kim_Supplemental-Online-Appendix – Supplemental material for The Dependency Structure of Bad Jobs: How Market Constraint Undermines Job Quality
Creators: name: Benton, Richard A.
name: Ki-Jung Kim
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Supplemental material, ILRR_Benton_Kim_Supplemental-Online-Appendix for The Dependency Structure of Bad Jobs: How Market Constraint Undermines Job Quality by Richard A. Benton and Ki-Jung Kim in ILR Review
title: Structural Analysis of the Japanese Language Using Montague Grammar.
Creators: name: Facey, Kikuko Kitagawa
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1981

description: This thesis applies Montague's theory of grammar to a fragment of ordinary Japanese and aims to provide a foundation for an explicit semantics of Japanese. The typological or transformational studies will be presented first as data and the corresponding Montague grammatical analyses will be proposed. In Chapter 1, Montague's theory of grammar is discussed, comparisons being made with Davidsonian truth conditional semantics and Chomskyan transformational grammar. In Chapter 2, subjects, adjectives and adverbs are analysed, in Chapter 3, complementation, in Chapter 4 reflexives, passives, causatives, and in Chapter 5 negation and factive presupposition. The main theoretical concern is the relation between a logical syntax and linguistic syntax. It is hoped that a new linguistic framework will be developed from this study. The other important theoretical concern is the relation between semantics and pragmatics.
Supplemental_Materials_v1.1 – Supplemental material for Neither an Optimist Nor a Pessimist Be: Mistaken Expectations Lower Well-Being
Creators: name: Meza, David De
name: Dawson, Chris
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Supplemental material, Supplemental_Materials_v1.1 for Neither an Optimist Nor a Pessimist Be: Mistaken Expectations Lower Well-Being by David de Meza and Chris Dawson in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
sj-pdf-1-lup-10.1177_0961203320935977 - Supplemental material for Physician–patient interaction and medication adherence in lupus nephritis
Creators: name: Georgopoulou, Sofia
name: Nel, Louise
name: Shirish R Sangle
name: D’Cruz, David P
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-lup-10.1177_0961203320935977 for Physician–patient interaction and medication adherence in lupus nephritis by Sofia Georgopoulou, Louise Nel, Shirish R Sangle and David P D’Cruz in Lupus
sj-pdf-3-std-10.1177_0956462420932424 - Supplemental material for Falling HIV incidence in a community clinic cohort of men who have sex with men and transgender women in Barcelona, Spain
Creators: name: Meulbroek, Michael
name: Dalmau-Bueno, Albert
name: Saz, Jorge
name: Marazzi, Giovanni
name: Fèlix Pérez
name: Coll, Josep
name: Taboada, Héctor
name: Pujol, Ferran
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-std-10.1177_0956462420932424 for Falling HIV incidence in a community clinic cohort of men who have sex with men and transgender women in Barcelona, Spain by Michael Meulbroek, Albert Dalmau-Bueno, Jorge Saz, Giovanni Marazzi, Fèlix Pérez, Josep Coll, Héctor Taboada and Ferran Pujol in International Journal of STD & AIDS
Minson_Supplemental_Material_rev – Supplemental material for Confidence in Context: Perceived Accuracy of Quantitative Estimates Decreases With Repeated Trials
Creators: name: Minson, Julia A.
name: Umphres, Christopher
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, Minson_Supplemental_Material_rev for Confidence in Context: Perceived Accuracy of Quantitative Estimates Decreases With Repeated Trials by Julia A. Minson and Christopher Umphres in Psychological Science
Reale_et_al._Supplemental_Material – Supplemental material for Are Psychopathic Traits Associated with Core Social Networks? An Exploratory Study in University Students
Creators: name: Reale, Kylie S.
name: Bouchard, Martin
name: Lim, Yan L.
name: Cook, Alana N.
name: Hart, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplemental material, Reale_et_al._Supplemental_Material for Are Psychopathic Traits Associated with Core Social Networks? An Exploratory Study in University Students by Kylie S. Reale, Martin Bouchard, Yan L. Lim, Alana N. Cook and Stephen D. Hart in Social Psychology Quarterly
Understanding the Extracellular Matrix Structure of Lymph Nodes During Immune Reponse
Creators: name: Patolia, Reina
name: Abbouchi, Yassmin
name: Ramirez, Ann
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Bioengineering
subject: ENGR
subject: Maisel Lab
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Lymph Nodes
subject: Inflammation

description: Lymph nodes (LNs) are integral in the human immune system, as they facilitate the movement of lymphocytes to areas of the body experiencing immunological challenges. During inflammation, research has shown that LNs expand up to 10 times their initial volumetric size and go through major changes. Most importantly, it is known that the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the LN contributes to its structure in addition to cell activities such as proliferation and migration. With the ECM being critical in LN function, we hope to understand how it changes throughout the stages of inflammation. To do this, we are optimizing a procedure to image lymph node samples and quantify the ECM’s interstitial spacing through the inflammatory response. While conducting this project, mice are injected with lipopolysaccharide (the cellular wall component of gram-negative bacteria), and LNs are collected during the 14-day inflammatory period. The tissue is sliced and stained using immunofluorescence. The images acquired from a confocal microscope are then processed using Fiji software and put into a gap analysis MATLAB code, provided by scientists at the Francis Crick Institute. After converting the interstitial space and ECM to zeros and ones (binary), the code quantifies the empty space and structures within the ECM. This information allows us to see how interstitial spacing within the ECM during inflammation correlates to the LNs’ mechanical properties. This insight into the inner workings of LNs will provide more details about their physiology and how changes in architecture, due to disease and age, can ultimately change LN immune function.