Temnothorax subditivus
Creators: name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Temnothorax
Temnothorax subditivus

description: <i>Temnothorax subditivus</i> (<i>Wheeler, 1903a</i>) Distribution: Fig. 165B; worker, gyne &amp; male: Fig. 167; variability: Fig. 168. <i>Macromischa subditiva Wheeler, 1903a: 99</i>, fig. 5. Syntype workers. Texas, U.S.A. One syntype worker here designated <b>lectotype</b>. <i>Wheeler, 1931</i>: 15 (Gyne and male of <i>Macromischa flavitarsis</i> Mann), <i>Smith, 1939</i>: 503. (Male). <i>Macromischa laevissima Wheeler, 1911: 205</i>. Holotype worker. Veracruz, Mexico. Junior synonym of <i>Temnothorax subditivus</i> by <i>Baroni Urbani, 1978</i>: 512. <i>Macromischa (Macromischa) subditiva</i> (Wheeler): <i>Mann, 1920</i>: 408. First combination in <i>Macromischa (Macromischa)</i>. <i>Macromischa (Macromischa) flavitarsis Mann, 1920: 420</i>. Syntype workers and gynes. Guatemala. Junior synonym of <i>Temnothorax subditivus</i> by <i>Baroni Urbani, 1978</i>: 512. One syntype worker here designated <b>lectotype</b>. <i>Macromischa luciliae Mann, 1935: 35</i>, fig. 1. Syntype workers. Guatemala. Junior synonym of <i>Temnothorax subditivus</i> by <i>Baroni Urbani, 1978</i>: 512. One syntype worker here designated <b>lectotype</b>. <i>Leptothorax subditivus</i> (Wheeler): <i>Baroni Urbani, 1978</i>: 512. First combination in <i>Leptothorax</i>. <i>Temnothorax subditivus</i> (Wheeler): <i>Bolton, 2003</i>: 272. First combination in <i>Temnothorax</i>. <i>Temnothorax</i> mmp14 <i>Prebus, 2017</i>: 8. Phylogeny. <b>Type material examined:</b> <i>Lectotype worker of</i> Macromischa subditiva: U.S.A.: Texas: Travis County: Austin, 15 May 1903, on bark of <i>Salix nigra</i>, Type No. A.M.N.H., M.C.Z. Type 2-1 16371 (MCZENT00016371, middle specimen on pin) [MCZC]. <i>Paralectotype workers of</i> Macromischa subditiva: same pin as lectotype, 2 workers (top and bottom specimens on pin) [MCZC]; same data as lectotype, 3 workers (MCZENT00578574) [MCZC]; [no locality data], [no collection date], W.M. Wheeler, Type No. A.M.N.H., Type 16371, 1 worker (MCZENT00578573) [MCZC]. <i>Lectotype worker of</i> Macromischa flavitarsis: GUATEMALA: Sacatepéquez: Antigua, 24 December 1911, W.M. Wheeler, M.C.Z. Cotype 16368, (MCZENT00016368, top specimen on pin) [MCZC]. <i>Paralectotype workers and gynes of</i> Macromischa flavitarsis: same pin as lectotype, (bottom specimen on pin) [MCZC]; same data as lectotype, 3 alate gynes (MCZENT00534455) [MCZC]; Guatemala City, 17 December 1911, W.M. Wheeler, 5 workers, (USNMENT00921848) [USNM] 3 workers (USNMENT00921847) [USNM] 5 workers (USNMENT00529208) [USNM]; Antigua, 21 December 1911, M.C.Z. Cotype 16368, 3 workers (MCZENT00534456) [MCZC]; Antigua, 20 December 1911, W.M. Wheeler, 3 workers (LACMENT323232) [LACM]. <i>Lectotype worker of</i> Macromischa luciliae: [no department], intercepted at Hololulu, Hawaii, U.S.A. [quarantine], 20 October 1932, on <i>Oncidium splendidum</i> roots from Guatemala cargo, Cotype 50802 U.S. N.M. (images of USNMENT00529613 examined on the Smithsonian Type Specimen Database). <b>Type material not examined:</b> <i>Macromischa laevissima holotype worker:</i> MEXICO: Veracruz: La Buena Ventura, near Santa Rosa, A. Petrunkewitch [AMNH]. <b>Non-type material examined:</b> CAYMAN ISLANDS: Grand Cayman: 1 km up Mastic trail, 19.32000 <i> °</i> N 81.19800 <i> °</i> W, 5 m, 8 March 2008, #32, J.K. Wetterer, 1 worker (CASENT0868784) [UCDC] 1 worker (CASENT0868474) [MMPC]. COLOMBIA: La Guajira: Caribbean Region, 2 km S Rio Hacha, 18 January 1937, P. Hummelinck #294, 1 worker (MCZENT00583614) [MCZC]; Magdalena: Santa Marta 40 m, 11.250000 <i> °</i> N 74.216667 <i> °</i> W, 15 August 1985, P.S. Ward #7940, tropical thorn woodland, dead stalk of <i>Manihot</i> sp., 1 alate gyne, 1 dealate gyne &amp; 1 worker (CASENT0758338) [PSWC] 1 male &amp; 2 workers (CASENT0756100) [PSWC]; Villa Culebra, near Bonda, 10 km E Santa Marta, October 1985, H.G. Müller, low vegetation, 2 workers (CASENT0758339) [PSWC]; Bahia de Neguangue, Tayrona Pk., ca 25 km NE Santa Marta, 8 October 1985, H.G. Müller, low vegetation, 2 workers (CASENT0758340) [PSWC]; same data as previous, 30 September 1985, H.G. Müller, 3 workers (CASENT0758344) [PSWC]; Bahia Concha, Tayrona Pk., 10 km NE Santa Marta, 23 June 1985, H.G. Müller, ex vegetation, 3 workers (CASENT0758341) [PSWC]; mouth of Rio Fundación, Cienaga Grande de Sta Marta, 10.716667 <i> °</i> N 74.416667 <i> °</i> W, 29 August 1985, H.G. Müller, 3 workers (CASENT0758342) [PSWC]; Bahia de Cinto, Parque Nacional Tayrona, 30 km E Santa Marta 11.333333 <i> °</i> N 74.066667 <i> °</i> W, 14 April 1986, H.G. Müller, 1 worker (CASENT0758343) [PSWC]; Punta de Betin, Santa Marta, October 1985, 11.250000 <i> °</i> N 74.216667 <i> °</i> W, H.G. Müller, low vegetation, 2 workers (CASENT0758345) [PSWC] 1 alate gyne (CASENT0756101) [PSWC]; Punta de Betin, Santa Marta, November-December 1985, 11.250000 <i> °</i> N 74.216667 <i> °</i> W, H.G. Müller, 2 workers (CASENT0758346) [PSWC]; same data as previous, pan traps, 2 workers (CASENT0758347) [PSWC]; Punta de Betin, Santa Marta, January-March 1986, 11.250000 <i> °</i> N 74.216667 <i> °</i> W, H.G. Müller, 2 workers (CASENT0758348) [PSWC]; Bahia de Neguange, Parque Nacional Tayrona, 25 km NE Santa Marta 11.350000 <i> °</i> N 74.083333 <i> °</i> W, 16 June 1985, H.G. Müller, 1 worker (CASENT0758349) [PSWC]; 2 km E Orihueca, 10.850000 <i> °</i> N 74.150000 <i> °</i> W, 20 m, 17 Aug 1985, J. Longino #845, 1 dealate gyne, 1 worker (LACMENT141164) [UCDC] 1 worker (LACMENT141165) [JTLC] 2 workers (LACMENT323176) [LACM] 3 workers (CASENT0869131–3) [MMPC]. COSTA RICA: Guancaste: Isla San José, 10.866667 <i> °</i> N 85.900000 <i> °</i> W, 100 m, 22 October 1992, D.M. Olson, 3 workers (CASENT0758337) [UCDC]; S. Naranjo ridge, Santa Rosa National Park, 10.8 <i> °</i> N 85.68333 <i> °</i> W, 100 m, 14 July 1985, J. Longino #JTL0461,xeric scrub on rocky ridge, nest in dead branch &lt;0.5 m high, 1 dealate gyne, 1 male, 2 workers (INBIOCRI002281233–4) [JTLC] 1 male &amp; 3 workers (CASENT0869127–30) [MMPC]; Paloverde National Park, August 1984, I.H. Rathet, ex <i>Acacia</i> thorn, 3 workers (LACMENT323177) [LACM]; Puntarenas: Guacimal, road to Monteverde, 10.21667 <i> °</i> N 84.85 <i> °</i> W, 400 m, 20 July 1984, J. Longino #JTL20Jul84/2, roadside vegetation, strays from tree trunks, 1 worker (INBIOCRI002281232) [JTLC]; La Pita, 10.16 <i> °</i> N 84.90 <i> °</i> W, 200 m, 13 July 1984, J. Longino #JTL13Jul84/pm, sweep sample, 1 worker (INBIOCRI002281229) [LACM]; La Pita, road to Monteverde, 10.16667 <i> °</i> N 84.91667 <i> °</i> W, 120 m, 13 July 1984, J. Longino #JTL13 Jul 84/am, sweeping vegetation, 2 workers (INBIOCRI002281230, INBIOCRI002281231) [JTLC]. GUATEMALA: El Progreso: San Agustin Acasaguastlan, near road to San Cristobal Acasaguastlan, 14.91777 <i> °</i> N 89.94683 <i> °</i> W, 280 m, 18 June 2015, Z. Falin #GUAT1 F15149, fogging <i>Pereskia</i> trunk/foliage, 1 worker (JTL-SV00859.3) [JTLC]. Esquintla: Origin: San Jose, in quarantine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A., 18 April 1949, ex <i>Odontoglossum grande</i>, 1 worker (LACMENT323230) [LACM]. Guatemala: Origin: Guatemala City, quarantine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A., 25 April 1947, ex <i>Oncidium splendidum</i>, 1 male (LACMENT323223) [LACM] 1 dealate gyne (LACMENT323226) [LACM] 1 worker (LACMENT323227) [LACM]; [no locality data], in quarantine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A., 25 March 1947, ex <i>Oncidium splendidum</i>, 3 workers (MCZENT00581856) [MCZC]. Totonicapan: Xeabaj I, road between antennae, 14.83126 <i> °</i> N 91.40299 <i> °</i> W, 3.180 m, 7 June 2015, Z. Falin #GUAT1 F15049, under bark, <i>Pinus</i> stump, 1 worker (CASENT0636941) [JTLC]. Zacapa: Zacapa, finca nr. Univ. Landivar campus, 14.99336 <i> °</i> N 89.54607 <i> °</i> W, 200 m, 21 June 2015, Z. Falin #GUAT1 F15188, flight intercept trap, 1 worker (JTL-SV00862.3) [JTLC]. MEXICO: Campeche: 10 km E Campeche, 28–29 August 1953, E.O. Wilson #141, 2 workers (MCZENT00581851) [MCZC]; Chiapas: 8 km SE Salto de Agua, 17.51615 <i> °</i> N 92.30164 <i> °</i> W ± 300 m, 100 m, 100 m, 16 June 2008, LLAMA#Go-A-08-2-04, 2 <i> °</i> wet forest, beating vegetation, 1 worker (CASENT0609888) [UCDC]; 6 km SE San Cristobal on Las Casas, 2,195 m, 10 August 1978, John E. Rawlins, 1 worker (MCZENT00581852) [MCZC]; Jalisco: Estación De Biolgía Chamela, 19.497778 <i> °</i> N 105.044167 <i> °</i> W, 135 m, 31 March–4 April 2012, D. Dubovikoff #CHUNAM1, 1 worker (CASENT0758297) [UNAM] 1 worker (CASENT0758298) [UNAM] 1 worker (CASENT0758299) [UNAM]; Michoacán: 8 km SW Tiquicheo, 425 m, 8 July 1970, E. Fisher &amp; P. Sullivan, 1 dealate gyne (LACMENT323468) [LACM]; Nayarit: Maria Magdalena, Isla Tres Marias, 23 March 1964, R.R. Snelling, 1 worker (LACMENT323229) [LACM]. Nuevo León: Chipinque Mesa, Monterrey, 1,280 m, 21 January 1952, W.S. Creighton, in <i>Quercus fusiformis</i>, 3 workers (LACMENT323234) [LACM] 3 workers (CASENT0759986) [FSCA]; Tamaulipas: Antigue Morelos, 9 July 1969, S.&amp;J. Peck #Ber167, Berlese of palm-thorn forest litter, 1 dealate gyne (MCZENT00583613) [MCZC]; Veracruz: Mirador, 16 March 1929, E. Skwarra #Z154a/ Sk., <i>Conostegia xalapensis</i>, 3 workers (MCZENT00581853) [MCZC]; same data as previous, except: 18 April 1929, E. Skwarra #Z196c/Sk., 1 dealate gyne (MCZENT00581854) [MCZC]; same data as previous, except: 3 May 1929, E. Skwarra #Z333/Sk., <i>Conostegia xalapensis</i>, 3 males (MCZENT00581855) [MCZC]; same data as previous, except: 4 May 29, E. Skwarra, 3 workers (LACMENT323231) [LACM]; same data as previous, except: E. Skwarra #Z348/SK, 3 males &amp; 2 alate queens (MCZENT00730929-30) [MCZC]. NICARAGUA: Estelí: 16 km N Estelí, 13.24082 <i> °</i> N 86.35307 <i> °</i> W ± 100 m, 870 m, 25 April 2011, J. Longino #JTL7420-s, tropical dry scrub, strays, 1 worker (CASENT0619627) [JTLC]; same data as previous, except: J. Longino #JTL7421-s, tropical dry scrub, at bait, 3 workers (CASENT0619366-CASENT0619368) [JTLC]. PANAMA: Panamá, Juan Díaz, 1938, N.A. Weber #775, 2 workers (LACMENT323178) [LACM]. U.S.A.: Louisiana: Beauregard Parish: DeRidder, 24 June 1942, W.F. Buren, 3 workers (CASENT0867155) [FSCA]; same data as previous, except: 10 July 1942, W.F. Buren, 1 alate gyne, 3 males, 8w (CASENT0867156-CASENT0867159) [FSCA]; same data as previous, except: 3 September 1942, W.F. Buren, 3 workers (LACMENT323224) [LACM]. Texas: Bastrop County: Bastrop State Park, 21 September 1979, P. Ward#3825-2, honey bait on ground, pine-oak forest, 1 worker (CASENT0758323) [UCDC]; Bexar County: San Antonio, 28 April 1979, P.S. Ward#3298, foraging on low vegetation, 1 worker (CASENT0758324) [UCDC]; Cameron County: Brownsville, 24 October 1942, [no collector data], 4 workers (LACMENT323225) [LACM]; La Feria, <i>Pandora</i> stem, 16 April 1973, R.R. Snelling#RRS73-12, 3 workers (LACMENT323228) [LACM]; La Feria, 26 January 1973, R.M. Duffield, 3 workers (CASENT0750538-CASENT0750540) [FSCA]; Resaca de la Palma S.P., 25.99596 <i> °</i> N 97.56622 <i> °</i> W ± 50 m, 10 m, 5 November 2013, R. &amp; C. Anderson# RSA 2013TX05, <i>Celtis</i>, ex sifted leaf litter, 1 worker (JTL713352) [JTLC]; Sabal Palm Grove Sanctuary, 25.84994 <i> °</i> N 97.41850 <i> °</i> W ± 50 m, 10 m, 4 November 2013, R. &amp; C. Anderson# RSA 2013TX02, hardwood forest, ex sifted leaf litter, 1 worker (CASENT0635918) [JTLC]; In quarantine from Harlingen, San Bernadino, San Bernadino County, California, 12 November 1961, Young et al. California Department of Agriculture#61215-15, ex <i>Washingtonia robusta</i>, 3 workers (LACMENT323233) [LACM]; Hardin County: 4.75 km E of US 69/287, 0.30 km N of FM 420, 15 September 1979, S.P. Lewis#SPL89, 1 worker (MCZENT00730931) [MCZC]; 2.06 km W of Silsbee, 0.4 km N of Texas 327, 15 September 1979, S.P. Lewis#SPL97, 1 worker (MCZENT00730932) [MCZC]; same data as previous, except: S.P. Lewis#SPL99, 1 worker (MCZENT00730933) [MCZC]; Hidalgo County: Bentsen Rio Grande State Park 12–13 March 1980, semi-dry deciduous forest, P.S. Ward#3928, by water hole, on rotten log, 1 worker (CASENT0758328) [UCDC]; Bentsen Rio Grande State Park, 26.18308 <i> °</i> N 98.38243 <i> °</i> W ± 50 m, 35 m, 5 November 2013, R. &amp; C. Anderson# RSA 2013TX06, dry cedar elm, ex sifted leaf litter, 1 worker (JTL713359) [JTLC]; Mission, 30 m, 15 December 1984, P.S. Ward#7185, roadside edge, ex dead twig of undetermined tree, 1 dealate gyne, 1 worker &amp; 1 male (CASENT0915978) [PSWC] 2 workers (CASENT0758327) [UCDC] 1 worker (CASENT0758702) [UCDC]; Progreso, 11 January 1966, W.S. Creighton, 1 dealate gyne, 3 workers (CASENT0759985) [FSCA]; Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge, 30 m, 14 December 1984, P.S. Ward#7167-2, subtropical thorn woodland, on low vegetation, 1 worker (CASENT0758326) [UCDC]; same data as previous, except: 13 December 1984, J. Longino#JTL0047, mesic woodland, nest in dead stick, 1 worker (LACMENT141166) [JTLC] 3 workers (CASENT0869120 -2) [MMPC]; same data as previous, except: 14 December 1984, J. Longino#JTL0076, dead stalks of <i>Arundo donax</i> along riverbank, single-queen colony, 1 worker (JTL0002485) [JTLC] 1 dealate gyne &amp; 3 workers (CASENT0869123-6) [MMPC]. Kinney County: Sycamore Creek at Hwy90, 29.38333 <i> °</i> N 100.7 <i> °</i> W, 300 m, 16 December 2004, J. Longino#JTL5400-s, live oak woodland, sifted leaf litter, 1 worker (JTLC 000006433) [JTLC]. Travis County: Austin, 15 April 1979, P.S. Ward#PSW3234, dead twig of <i>Morus</i>, 5 workers (CASENT0758322, CASENT0758336) [UCDC]; Brackenridge Field Station, Austin 19 June 1978, D.H. Feener#Z715b, 1 male &amp; 1 worker (MCZENT00581859) [MCZC] same data as previous, Z714b, Z713 b, 1 alate gyne &amp; 1 worker (MCZENT00581858) [MCZC]; same data as previous, 21 August 1981, P.S. Ward#5133, on <i>Ulmus</i> trunk, semi-deciduous woodland, 2 workers (CASENT0758325) [UCDC]; Walker County, Sam Houston National Forest, 18 km SW junction Route 30 on Farm Road 1791, 2 May 1993, S.P. Cover#3495, mature shortleaf-loblolly pine forest, 15–18 m tall with well-developed mixed deciduous understory to 12 m, in standing pine bark (stump remnant) in shade, 2 workers (MCZENT00581857) [MCZC]. VENEZUELA: Lara: Quibor, Jimenez, 8 July 1979, R.W. Brooks, A.A. Grigarick, J. McLaughlin, R.O. Schuster, 1 male (CASENT0758329) [UCDC]. Zulia: Maracaibo vic., 1941, R.G. Wesson, dry thorn scrub, 6 workers (MCZENT00730934–6) [MCZC]. <b>Geographic range:</b> all elevations, southern U.S.A. to Colombia &amp; Venezuela, including the Cayman Islands (Fig. 165B). <b>Worker diagnosis:</b> <i>Temnothorax subditivus</i> can be separated from all other species in the <i>salvini</i> clade by the following character combination: posterior margin of head convex; antennal scape moderately long, surpassing the posterior margin of the head by about the maximum width of the antennal scape; in profile view, dorsum of mesosoma strongly convex; pronotal declivity not marked by an angle as it transitions from the anterior face of the pronotum to the dorsal face; propodeum not depressed below the level of the promesonotum; propodeal spines as long as or longer than the propodeal declivity, directed posterodorsally, and straight; hind femora moderately to strongly incrassate; petiolar node node robust and erect, squamiform, and not leaning posteriorly over the caudal cylinder of the petiole; postpetiole moderately broad: greater than 1.7 times the width of the caudal cylinder of the petiole; setae on head, mesosoma, waist segments and gaster erect, moderately long, sparse and blunt (never long and tapering). <b>Similar species:</b> <i>Temnothorax subditivus</i> is extremely variable across its vast range, and may be confused with <i>T. goniops, T. pilicornis</i> sp. nov., <i>T. tenuisculptus</i>, and members of the <i>augusti</i> and <i>pastinifer</i> groups. It can be separated from all of the above, except the <i>pastinifer</i> group, by the extremely squamiform petiolar node, which in dorsal view is much broader than the caudal cylinder of the petiole. When viewed dorsally, the closely approximated propodeal spines, the bases of which are united by a transverse carina, will distinguish <i>T. subditivus</i> from all members of the <i>pastinifer</i> group. <b> Worker measurements &amp; indices (<i>n</i> = 15):</b> SL = 0.528 –0.704 (0.610); FRS = 0.184 –0.237 (0.209); CW = 0.569 –0.712 (0.645); CWb = 0.525 –0.657 (0.592); PoOC = 0.257 –0.322 (0.285); CL = 0.644 –0.810 (0.717); EL = 0.153 –0.198 (0.172); EW = 0.117 –0.146 (0.130); MD = 0.138 –0.189 (0.164); WL = 0.745 –1.003 (0.836); SPST = 0.247 –0.368 (0.296); MPST = 0.255 –0.318 (0.283); PEL = 0.301 –0.417 (0.346); NOL = 0.168 –0.240 (0.207); NOH = 0.100 –0.174 (0.142); PEH = 0.201 –0.277 (0.243); PPL = 0.120 –0.166 (0.144); PPH = 0.148 –0.206 (0.183); PW = 0.361 –0.470 (0.419); SBPA = 0.117 –0.167 (0.144); SPTI = 0.179 –0.300 (0.247); PEW = 0.124 –0.163 (0.143); PNW = 0.212 –0.298 (0.251); PPW = 0.246–0.32 (0.285); HFL = 0.574 –0.837 (0.670); HFWmax = 0.138 –0.208 (0.168); HFWmin = 0.049 –0.066 (0.055); CS = 0.848 –1.062 (0.951); ES = 0.213 –0.269 (0.237); SI = 95–109 (103); OI = 24–26 (25); CI = 79–86 (83); WLI = 134–153 (141); SBI = 21–28 (24); PSI = 30–45 (35); PWI = 179–216 (199); PLI = 218–273 (241); NI = 117–210 (148); PNWI = 160–208 (175); NLI = 53–70 (60); FI = 261–359 (304). <b>Worker description:</b> In full-face view, head subquadrate, slightly longer than broad (CI 79–86). Mandibles densely, finely striate but shining and armed with five teeth: the apical-most well developed and acute, followed by a less developed preapical tooth and three equally developed smaller teeth. Anterior clypeal margin evenly convex medially. Antennal scapes moderately long: when fully retracted, surpassing the posterior margin of the head capsule by slightly more than the maximum width of the scape (SI 95–109). Antennae 12-segmented; antennal club of composed of three segments, with the apical-most segment longer than the preceding two in combination. Frontal carinae long, extending past the antennal toruli by about three and a half times the maximum width of the antennal scape. Compound eyes moderately protruding past the lateral margins of the head capsule. Lateral margin of head moderately convex, forming a continuous arc from the mandibular insertions to the posterior margin of the head. Posterior head margin convex, rounding evenly into the lateral margins. In profile view, compound eyes ovular and moderately large (OI 24–26), with 14 ommatidia in longest row. Pronotal declivity indistinct, but neck and anterior face of pronotum forming a ~120 <i> °</i> angle. Mesosoma predominantly evenly convex from where it joins the pronotal neck to the propodeal spines; propodeum very weakly depressed, so that the dorsal margin dips slightly anterior to the base of the propodeal spines. Promesonotal suture extending from the posterior margin of the procoxal insertion only to the mesothoracic spiracle, which is weakly developed. Metanotal groove visible as a disruption
description: Published as part of <i>Prebus, Matthew M., 2021, Taxonomic revision of the Temnothorax salvini clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key to the clades of New World Temnothorax, pp. 1-462 in PeerJ (e 11514) (e 11514) 9</i> on pages 428-440, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11514, http://zenodo.org/record/5102026
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