cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Forest Clearing in the Ecuadorian Amazon: A Study of Patterns Over Space and Time
Creators: name: Carr, David
name: Pan, William
name: Barbieri, Alisson
name: Bilsborrow, Richard
name: Suchindran, Chirayath
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: This study tests four hypotheses related to forest clearing over time in Ecuador’s northern Amazon: (1) a larger increase in population over time on a farm (finca) leads to more deforestation; (2) rates of forest clearing surrounding four primary reference communities differ (spatial heterogeneity); (3) fincas farther from towns/communities experience lower rates of forest clearing over time; and (4) forest clearing differs by finca settlement cohort, viz., by year of establishment of the finca. In this paper, we examine the relationship between forest clearing and key variables over time, and compare three statistical models—OLS, random effects, and spatial regression—to test hypotheses. Descriptive analyses indicate that 7–15% of forest area was cleared on fincas between 1990 and 1999; that more recently established fincas experienced more rapid forest clearing; and that population size and forest clearing are both related to distance from a major community. Controlling for key variables, model results indicate that an increase in population size is significantly related to more forest clearing; rates of forest clearing around the four major communities are not significantly different; distances separating fincas and communities are not significantly related to deforestation; and deforestation rates are higher among more recently established fincas. Key policy implications include the importance of reducing population growth and momentum through measures such as improving information about and provision of family planning services; increasing the low level of girls education to delay and reduce fertility; and expanding credit and agricultural extension services to increase agricultural intensification.
Additional file 5 of PHLPP isoforms differentially regulate Akt isoforms and AS160 affecting neuronal insulin signaling and insulin resistance via Scribble
Creators: name: Sharma, Medha
name: Dey, Chinmoy Sankar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4. Effect of Scribble silencing on N2A cells.
Agile Organisationsmodelle in der Sozialen Arbeit: Mit einer Fallstudie zu Selbstorganisation
Creators: name: Wälti, Selina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Immer mehr Organisationen der Sozialen Arbeit überlegen sich den Wechsel in eine neue Führungsstruktur. Was bewegt soziale Unternehmen zu einer Transformation und welche Chancen und Risiken gilt es dabei zu beachten? Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt Antworten auf diese Fragen. Im ersten Teil erfolgt eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Begriff Agilität, aktuellen Organisationsmodellen und den Treibern agiler Transformation. Er schliesst mit ersten theoretischen Überlegungen zur Beziehung von Agilität und Sozialer Arbeit. Diese Darstellungen werden im Anschluss anhand einer qualitativen Fallstudie zu Selbstorganisation überprüft. Drei Mitarbeitende und eine Führungsperson werden mittels Leitfadeninterviews zu ihrer Erfahrung in der Arbeit in Selbstorganisation befragt. Es zeigt sich, dass Chancen insbesondere in der Integrität, Potenzialentfaltung und Zufriedenheit der Mitarbeitenden liegen. Als grösste Risiken zeigen sich der Transformationsprozess und die Rolle der Führungspersonen nach der Transformation.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basa + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialarbeit, 2023 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202303
Life Course Perspectives on the Links Between Poverty and Obesity During the Transition to Young Adulthood
Creators: name: Lee, Hedwig
name: Harris, Kathleen Mullan
name: Gordon-Larsen, Penny
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Increasing obesity among Americans is a serious issue in the U.S., especially in the pediatric and young adult population. We use a longitudinal design to examine the relationship between childhood poverty/welfare receipt and obesity onset and continuity from adolescence into young adulthood using three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We include multiple measures of disadvantage that co-occur with poverty and model potential mediating mechanisms within a life course framework. We find a significant effect of poverty/welfare receipt in childhood on obesity outcomes for females, but not for males. However, other measures of socioeconomic disadvantage such as neighborhood poverty, and low parental education are related to obesity in both males and females. Poverty may impact female obesity through the mediating effects of physical activity, inadequate sleep, skipping breakfast and certain forms of parental monitoring, while race is an important confounder of poverty's influence. This paper highlights the important influence of poverty and other aspects of social disadvantage on obesity outcomes during this critical transition to adulthood. Implications of this research include physical activity and parenting interventions for low-income youth. In addition, governmental efforts should be made to increase physical activity opportunities in poor neighborhoods.
Arbitrary quantum-state preparation of a harmonic oscillator via optimal control
Creators: name: Rojan, Katharina
name: Reich, Daniel M.
name: Dotsenko, Igor
name: Raimond, Jean-Michel
name: Koch, Christiane P.
name: Morigi, Giovanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The efficient initialization of a quantum system is a prerequisite for quantum technological applications. Here we show that several classes of quantum states of a harmonic oscillator can be efficiently prepared by means of a Jaynes-Cummings interaction with a single two-level system. This is achieved by suitably tailoring external fields which drive the dipole and/or the oscillator. The time-dependent dynamics that leads to the target state is identified by means of Optimal Control Theory (OCT) based on Krotov's method. Infidelities below $10^{-4}$ can be reached for the parameters of the experiment of the ENS group in Paris, where the oscillator is a mode of a high-Q microwave cavity and the dipole is a Rydberg transition of an atom. For this specific situation we analyze the limitations on the fidelity due to parameter fluctuations and identify robust dynamics based on pulses found using ensemble OCT. Our analysis can be extended to quantum-state preparation of continuous-variable systems in other platforms, such as trapped ions and circuit QED.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Additional file 6 of PHLPP isoforms differentially regulate Akt isoforms and AS160 affecting neuronal insulin signaling and insulin resistance via Scribble
Creators: name: Sharma, Medha
name: Dey, Chinmoy Sankar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5. Flowchart of PHLPP isoform specific regulation of Akt isoforms, AS160 and glucose uptake in insulin signaling and -resistance in neuronal cells.
Overmassive black holes in the $M_{\rm BH} - σ$ diagram do not belong to over (dry) merged galaxies
Creators: name: Savorgnan, Giulia A. D.
name: Graham, Alister W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semi-analytical models in a $Λ$CDM cosmology have predicted the presence of outlying, "overmassive" black holes at the high-mass end of the (black hole mass -- galaxy velocity dispersion) $M_{\rm BH} - σ$ diagram (which we update here with a sample of 89 galaxies). They are a consequence of having experienced more dry mergers -- thought not to increase a galaxy's velocity dispersion -- than the "main-sequence" population. Wet mergers and gas-rich processes, on the other hand, preserve the main correlation. Due to the scouring action of binary supermassive black holes, the extent of these dry mergers (since the last significant wet merger) can be traced by the ratio between the central stellar mass deficit and the black hole mass ($M_{\rm def,*} / M_{\rm BH}$). However, in a sample of 23 galaxies with partially depleted cores, including central cluster galaxies, we show that the "overmassive" black holes are actually hosted by galaxies that appear to have undergone the lowest degree of such merging. In addition, the rotational kinematics of 37 galaxies in the $M_{\rm BH} - σ$ diagram reveals that fast and slow rotators are not significantly offset from each other, also contrary to what is expected if these two populations were the product of wet and dry mergers respectively. The observations are thus not in accordance with model predictions and further investigation is required.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Migration Within the Frontier: The Second Generation Colonization in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Creators: name: Carr, David L.
name: Bilsborrow, Richard E.
name: Barbieri, Alisson Flávio
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Since the 1970s, migration to the Amazon has led to a growing human presence and resulting dramatic changes in the physical landscape of the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon frontier, including considerable deforestation. Over time, a second demographic phenomenon has emerged with the children of the original migrants leaving settler farms to set out on their own. The vast majority have remained in the Amazon region, some contributing to further changes in land use via rural-rural migration to establish new farms and others to incipient urbanization. This paper uses longitudinal, multi-scale data on settler colonists between 1990 and 1999 to analyze rural-rural and rural-urban migration among second-generation colonists within the region. Following a description of migrants and settlers in terms of their individual, household and community characteristics, a multinomial discrete-time hazard model is used to estimate the determinants of out-migration of the second generation settlers to both urban and rural areas. We find significant differences in the determinants of migration to the two types of destinations in personal characteristics, human capital endowments, stage of farm and household lifecycles, migration networks, and access to community resources and infrastructure. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy implications of migrants' choice of rural versus urban destinations.
The instability spectrum of weakly-magnetized SU(2) Reissner-Nordström black holes
Creators: name: Hod, Shahar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the U(1) Reissner-Nordström black hole is stable within the framework of the Einstein-Maxwell theory. However, the SU(2) Reissner-Nordström black-hole solution of the coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills equations is known to be unstable. In fact, this magnetically charged black hole is characterized by an infinite set of unstable (growing in time) perturbation modes. In the present paper we study {\it analytically} the instability resonance spectrum of weakly-magnetized SU(2) Reissner-Nordström black holes. In particular, we obtain explicit analytical expressions for the infinite set $\{ω_n\}_{n=0}^{n=\infty}$ of imaginary eigenvalues that characterize the instability growth rates of the perturbation modes. We discuss the role played by these unstable eigenvalues as critical exponents in the gravitational collapse of the Yang-Mills field. Finally, it is shown that our analytical formulas for the characteristic black-hole instability spectrum agree with new numerical data that recently appeared in the literature.
description: 6 pages
Additional file 7 of PHLPP isoforms differentially regulate Akt isoforms and AS160 affecting neuronal insulin signaling and insulin resistance via Scribble
Creators: name: Sharma, Medha
name: Dey, Chinmoy Sankar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6. Effect of PHLPP1 or PHLPP2 silencing or over-expression on Akt isoforms, AS160 and neuronal glucose uptake under insulin resistant condition in neuronal cells (N2A/SHSY-5Y).
An infodemiology study on exploring the quality and reliability of colorectal cancer immunotherapy information
Creators: name: Mohamed, Hind
name: O’Malley, Laura
name: KELLY, DERVLA
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Immunotherapy is a new treatment modality which promises hope for advanced colorectal cancer patients. To our knowledge, no previous studies have evaluated the quality of patient information available on this topic online.Objective: This study will explore the quality and reliability of colorectal cancer immunotherapy information using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) and DISCERN tools.Methods: Design thinking methodology was integrated with systematic scoping reviews framework to inform our descriptive observational media analysis study. Google Chrome was used to run four searches using prespecified search terms selected according to the top patient concerns about immunotherapy. The first 20 relevant results were identified (n=80) and then duplicates were removed. Descriptive narrative univariate and bivariate analysis was done for the relevant variables.Results: The total of included websites was 17. Most websites score <3 points on JAMA and fair/poor on DISCERN. Most of the websites that score ≥3 points on JAMA and excellent/good on DISCERN have a charity affiliation. A total of 58.8% of the websites present the date, 41.2% demonstrate authorship, and sources are mentioned in 29.4% of the websites. Lack of content was noticed in providing the prognosis of patients if no treatment is given, clear aim and the effect of treatments on patient’s quality of life.Conclusion: Assessing the reliability of information about cancer treatments online remains a challenge. Further research is required to understand the patient perceptions and use of online information and whether it has an impact on their behavioural health outcomes.
Social comparison, parasocial relationships, and attachment style: how and when do celebrities improve self-liking?
Creators: name: Paravati, Elaine
name: Gabriel, Shira
name: Valenti, Jennifer
name: Valent, Kylie
name: Buffone, Anneke
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: The recent exponential increase in information available online has not only increased access to information about celebrities, but also decreased the degree to which that information is unambiguously positive. In the current work, we examined how positive celebrities (i.e. celebrities who are primarily admired) versus more ambiguous celebrities (i.e. celebrities about whom people have mixed feelings) differentially affect feelings about the self. Across three studies, we found that high attachment anxiety was associated with assimilating positive celebrities to feel better about the self, whereas attachment avoidance was associated with contrasting ambivalent celebrities to feel better to feel better about the self. Implications for parasocial relationships, social comparison, and attachment are discussed.
Psychological effects of reading: the role of nostalgia in re-reading favorite books
Creators: name: Kneuer, Margaret A.
name: Green, Jeffrey D.
name: Cairo, Athena H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Nostalgia evoked through various experiences (e.g., scents, music) has been shown to enhance emotional well-being and reduce social pain. We propose that reading a familiar book similarly can elicit nostalgia, and provide emotional benefits through narrative transportation beyond that of reading a new book. We tested the relationship between reading new versus familiar books, nostalgia, narrative transportation, and indices of social connectedness. Participants were randomly assigned to re-read a favorite novel, read a new novel of interest, or read a set of newspaper articles. Re-reading elicited greater nostalgia and social connectedness than reading a new novel or newspaper. Narrative transportation and nostalgia fully mediated the effect of reading condition on social connectedness. We discuss implications for our understanding homeostatic nature of nostalgia and mental transportation.
Adolescents’ Sexual Initiation: The Interaction of Race/Ethnicity and Immigrant Status
Creators: name: Spence, Naomi J.
name: Brewster, Karin L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: This paper provides an in-depth examination of the joint effects of race/ethnicity and immigrant status on adolescents’ intercourse risk. We employ a sample of 4,535 females and 3,759 males from the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS 88/94) who were followed for 6 years beginning in the eighth grade. We use discrete-time logistic regression models to estimate the associations of race/ethnicity and immigrant generational status with first intercourse hazard, and to evaluate the statistical interactions between race/ethnicity and immigrant status. Overall, Asian and Hispanic girls had lower and non-Hispanic Black girls had higher estimated risks relative to non-Hispanic White girls. Hispanic boys and White non-Hispanic boys had similar intercourse risks, but Black boys had higher and Asian boys lower relative risks. However, these patterns are contingent on immigrant status. Among girls, the protective effects of Asian or Hispanic identity are found only among second generation youth. Risk profiles for boys are more complex: being a third-plus generation Hispanic is associated with a higher risk while an Asian identity is associated with a lower risk only among first- and second-generation youth. These findings confirm the importance of accounting for the overlap between race/ethnicity and immigrant status in models of adolescent behavior. As the demographic diversity of the US population grows, researchers must include both race/ethnicity and immigrant status in their models of adolescent behavior.
Classical and fluctuation-induced electromagnetic interactions in micronscale systems: designer bonding, antibonding, and Casimir forces
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Alejandro W.
name: Hui, Pui-Chuen
name: Woolf, David N.
name: Johnson, Steven G.
name: Loncar, Marko
name: Capasso, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whether intentionally introduced to exert control over particles and macroscopic objects, such as for trapping or cooling, or whether arising from the quantum and thermal fluctuations of charges in otherwise neutral bodies, leading to unwanted stiction between nearby mechanical parts, electromagnetic interactions play a fundamental role in many naturally occurring processes and technologies. In this review, we survey recent progress in the understanding and experimental observation of optomechanical and quantum-fluctuation forces. Although both of these effects arise from exchange of electromagnetic momentum, their dramatically different origins, involving either real or virtual photons, lead to different physical manifestations and design principles. Specifically, we describe recent predictions and measurements of attractive and repulsive optomechanical forces, based on the bonding and antibonding interactions of evanescent waves, as well as predictions of modified and even repulsive Casimir forces between nanostructured bodies. Finally, we discuss the potential impact and interplay of these forces in emerging experimental regimes of micromechanical devices.
description: Review to appear on the topical issue "Quantum and Hybrid Mechanical Systems" in Annalen der Physik
A Closer Look at the Second Demographic Transition in the US: Evidence of Bidirectionality from a Cohort Perspective (1982–2006)
Creators: name: Kane, Jennifer B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Second demographic transition (SDT) theory posits that increased individualism and secularization have contributed to low fertility in Europe, but very little work has directly tested the salience of SDT theory to fertility trends in the U.S. Using longitudinal data from a nationally representative cohort of women who were followed throughout their reproductive years (NLSY79), this study examines the role of several key indicators of the second demographic transition (secularization, egalitarianism, religious affiliation, and female participation in the labor market) on fertility behavior over time (1982–2006). Analyses employ Poisson estimation, logistic regression, and cross-lagged structural equation models to observe unidirectional and bidirectional relationships over the reproductive life course. Findings lend support to the relevance of SDT theory in the U.S. but also provide evidence of "American bipolarity" which distinguishes the U.S. from the European case. Furthermore, analyses document the reciprocal nature of these relationships over time which has implications for how we understand these associations at the individual-level.
Rewarding valuable services and altruistic motives: gratitude and pay for essential workers during the Covid-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Bridger, Emma
name: Lally, Harkeeret
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Two studies examine whether a social-cognitive model of appraisal predicts gratitude toward workers deemed “essential” by the UK government during the Covid-19 response. Gratitude was predicted by appraisals of how essential work was, how costly and whether workers were contributing out of a genuine desire to help, and in turn predicted judgments of how much workers should earn. In a second experimental study support is found for the novel prediction that gratitude is systematically higher for lower-paid workers. The data extends the model and applies it to self-reported gratitude toward remote and unidentified workers during a period of crisis.
Conductance of a Finite Kitaev Chain
Creators: name: Doornenbal, Ruben
name: Skantzaris, Georgios
name: Stoof, Henk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a stochastic formulation of the Keldysh theory to calculate the conductance of a finite Kitaev chain coupled to two electron reservoirs. We study the dependence of the conductance on the number of sites in the chain and find that only for sufficiently long chains and in the regime that the chain is a topological superconducter the conductance at both ends tends to the universal value $2e^2/h$, as expected on the basis of the contact resistance of a single conducting channel provided by the Majorana zero mode. In this topologically nontrivial case we find an exponential decay of the current inside the chain and a simple analytical expression for the decay length. Finally, we also study the differential conductance at nonzero bias and the full current-voltage curves. We find a nonmonotonic behavior of the maximal current through the Kitaev chain as a function of the coupling strength with the reservoirs.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures
Global Friction of Uniform vs. Heterogeneous Sandpaper Roughness
Creators: name: Von Deyn, Lars H.
name: Stroh, Alexander
name: Gatti, Davide
name: Frohnapfel, Bettina
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: roughness
fuild mechanics
turbulence

description: Skin-friction measurements of streamwise aligned sandpaper strips are presented in Nikuradse-type di-agrams obtained in a dedicated experimental facility. These novel results shed light onto the global friction drag of heterogeneous rough surfaces. They indicate the drag-increasing presence of secondary motions known to exist over spanwise heterogeneous roughness. The Reynolds number dependency of the skin-friction coef-ficient appears to be a superposition of the smooth wall and homogeneous rough wall behavior. The results sug-gest that the present heterogeneous rough surface does not reach a fully rough behavior in which the friction co-efficient becomes independent of Reynolds number.
Foiled Aspirations: The Influence of Unauthorized Status on the Educational Expectations of Latino Immigrant Youth
Creators: name: Perreira, Krista M.
name: Spees, Lisa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Latino immigrant adolescents have the highest high school dropout rates of any race-ethnic or nativity group in the United States. One potential reason for high dropout rates among Latino immigrant youth is that many are unauthorized entrants. These unauthorized Latino immigrant youth have few opportunities to attend college, and, as they become aware of barriers to their educational progress and employment, they may lower their educational expectations. Using data from the Latino Adolescent Migration, Health, and Adaptation Project (N=275), we examine the association of unauthorized entry into the U.S. with the educational expectations of Latino immigrant youth. We find that adolescents entering the U.S. without authorization have lower educational expectations than those who enter with authorization. These differences in their expectations persist after controlling for differences in their pre-migration, migration, and post-migration experiences. Policies and programs that reduce barriers to higher education and labor market opportunities can potentially help to foster higher educational expectations among unauthorized immigrant youth and may promote their high school completion.
Additional file 1 of Professionals’ perspectives on how to address persistent oral health inequality among young children: an exploratory multi-stakeholder analysis in a disadvantaged neighbourhood of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Creators: name: Balasooriyan, Awani
name: Dedding, Christine
name: Bonifácio, Clarissa Calil
name: van der Veen, Monique H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Interview guide
The influence of three genes on whether adolescents use contraception, USA 1994–2002
Creators: name: Guo, Guang
name: Daw, Jonathan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: In a further contribution to recent investigations of the relevance of genetic processes for demographic outcomes, we investigate genetic associations with whether adolescents use contraception. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we find that variants in the dopamine transporter gene DAT1, the dopamine receptor gene DRD2, and the monoamine oxidase gene MAOA are associated with unprotected sexual intercourse. Consistent with previous analyses of these data, the genotypes DRD2*A1/A2, DRD2*A2/A2, DAT1*9R/10R, and MAOA*2R/ are associated with higher odds of unprotected sexual intercourse than other genotypes at these loci. The DRD2 associations apply to both men and women, whereas the other associations apply to women only. These results are robust to controls for population stratification by continental ancestry, do not vary by contraceptive type, and are consistent with previous research showing that these genetic variants are associated with higher rates of impulsivity.
Time for you and for me: compassionate goals predict greater psychological well-being via the perception of time as nonzero-sum resources
Creators: name: Niiya, Yu
name: Suyama, Masaki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: An experience sampling survey showed that when people seek to support others’ well-being in a given interaction, they experience greater life satisfaction, fulfillment of psychological needs, and lower time pressure through the perception that time spent on others is also time spent on themselves (i.e., nonzero-sum perception of time). In contrast, interpersonal goals to appear competent showed weaker positive indirect effects on psychological well-being, while goals to appear likable showed no significant indirect effects, and goals to avoid an undesirable self-image showed negative indirect effects. Spending time on others feels fulfilling rather than depleting when people have compassionate goals.
Additional file 1 of Knowledge, attitude, and practice of evidence-based medicine among resident physicians in hospitals of Syria: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Alabdullah, Muhammad Nour
name: Alabdullah, Hadi
name: Kamel, Sondos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire on the Knowledge, attitude, and practice of evidence-based medicine among resident physicians in hospitals of Syria.
Quasi Many-body Localization in Translation Invariant Systems
Creators: name: Yao, N. Y.
name: Laumann, C. R.
name: Cirac, J. I.
name: Lukin, M. D.
name: Moore, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is typically assumed that disorder is essential to realize Anderson localization. Recently, a number of proposals have suggested that an interacting, translation invariant system can also exhibit localization. We examine these claims in the context of a one-dimensional spin ladder. At intermediate time scales, we find slow growth of entanglement entropy consistent with the phenomenology of many-body localization. However, at longer times, all finite wavelength spin polarizations decay in a finite time, independent of system size. We identify a single length scale which parametrically controls both the eventual spin transport times and the divergence of the susceptibility to spin glass ordering. We dub this long pre-thermal dynamical behavior, intermediate between full localization and diffusion, quasi-many body localization.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Anomalous finite size corrections in random field models
Creators: name: Lucibello, Carlo
name: Morone, Flaviano
name: Parisi, Giorgio
name: Ricci-Tersenghi, Federico
name: Rizzo, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of a random magnetic field in ferromagnetic systems leads, in the broken phase, to an anomalous $O(\sqrt{1/N})$ convergence of some thermodynamic quantities to their asymptotic limits. Here we show a general method, based on the replica trick, to compute analytically the $O(\sqrt{1/N})$ finite size correction to the average free energy. We apply this method to two mean field Ising models, fully connected and random regular graphs, and compare the results to exact numerical algorithms. We argue that this behaviour is present in finite dimensional models as well.
Migrant remittances and the web of family obligations: Ongoing support among spatially extended kin in North-east Thailand, 1984–94
Creators: name: Edmeades, Jeffrey
name: Entwisle, Barbara
name: Rindfuss, Ronald R.
name: Faust, Katherine
name: Piotrowski, Martin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Exchanges of money, goods, and assistance among family/kin members are influenced by the intertwined lives of individuals and their family/kin. As people pass through the young adulthood years, acquiring obligations as spouses and parents, and migrating in search of economic opportunities, tensions can arise over existing obligations. Using rich longitudinal data from Northeast Thailand, we examined the role of family networks (origin and destination) on migrants’ exchanges with family/kin. Our approach overcame many shortcomings of earlier studies, allowing us to 'see' the family social network arrayed in a broader network. We show that intra-family exchanges are influenced by marital status, the presence of children, having parents in the origin household, and having siblings depart from it. The results are stable across sensitivity tests that systematically include or exclude various familial links. And reports provided by origin households on migrant remittances are consistent with reports from migrants themselves.
The coping strategies of individuals in multiple jeopardy settings: the case of unemployed older women
Creators: name: Ndobo, André
name: Faure, Alice
name: Galharret, Jean–Michel
name: Sarda, Elisa
name: Debont, Leslie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This research investigates the harmful consequences of discrimination on self-esteem and examines the coping options of individuals belonging to several stigmatized groups (i.e., unemployed older women) within the multiple jeopardy perspective. Our sample comprised 420 individuals selected by age, gender and professional status. We tested whether the positive and negative links between discrimination and psychological distress induced by discrimination, would vary according to the number of disadvantaged categories individuals belong to. An analysis of the mediating role of some coping options was also conducted. Overall, the results support most of our hypotheses and suggest that the assumed impact of perceived discrimination on psychological outcome increase with the cumulation of discriminations. We also found that, among the various coping options used by individuals in our sample, commitment, but not age-group identification, mediated the links between the cumulated discrimination and self-esteem. The discussion addresses issues related to workplace discrimination in light of the multiple jeopardy perspective.
Additional file 2 of Professionals’ perspectives on how to address persistent oral health inequality among young children: an exploratory multi-stakeholder analysis in a disadvantaged neighbourhood of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Creators: name: Balasooriyan, Awani
name: Dedding, Christine
name: Bonifácio, Clarissa Calil
name: van der Veen, Monique H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Final coding scheme
Perceptions of women who confront hostile and benevolent sexism
Creators: name: Schiralli, Jordana E.
name: Chasteen, Alison L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Little is known about the differences between confronting explicitly negative (hostile) vs. subjectively positive (benevolent) forms of sexism. Across three studies (N = 1315), we test a) whether confronting benevolent sexism is more costly for women than confronting hostile sexism and b) whether confronting some subtypes of benevolent sexism are more costly than others. We compared confrontations and non-confrontations of hostile sexism, benevolent sexism involving complementary gender differentiation (CGD), and benevolent sexism involving protective paternalism (PP). Surprisingly, confronting benevolent sexism was not more costly than confronting hostile sexism; a finding that replicated across studies and in two different contexts. Confronters of PP were evaluated more positively than confronters of CGD, but only when CGD embodied themes of gender essentialism (i.e., beliefs that men and women are naturally different). Confronters were mostly evaluated favorably relative to non-confronters and especially among women. Results imply that confronting benevolent sexism may have fewer consequences than anticipated.
Explaining religious differentials in family-size preference: Evidence from Nepal in 1996
Creators: name: Ji, Yingchun
name: Brauner-Otto, Sarah R.
name: Pearce, Lisa D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This paper presents an examination of how religio-ethnic identity, individual religiosity, and family members’ religiosity are related to preferred family size in Nepal. Analyses of survey data from the Chitwan Valley Family Study show that socioeconomic characteristics and individual experiences can suppress, as well as largely account for, religio-ethnic differences in fertility preferences. These religio-ethnic differentials are associated with variance in particularized religious theologies or general value orientations (like son preference) across groups. In addition, individual and family religiosity are both positively associated with preferred family size, seemingly because of their association with religious beliefs that are likely to shape fertility strategies. These findings suggest improvements in how we conceptualize and empirically measure supra-individual religious influence in a variety of settings and for a range of demographically interesting outcomes.
Perpetrators’ folk explanations of their regretted and justified aggressive behaviors
Creators: name: McCarthy, Randy J.
name: Wilson, Jared P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: When people explain why they behaved aggressively, they can refer to their thought process that led to their aggressive behavior – so-called reason explanations – or to other factors that preceded their thought process – so-called causal history of reasons explanations. People’s choice of what mode of explanation they give might be affected by whether they want to distance themselves (or not) from their past aggressive behaviors. To test these ideas, participants in the current study (N = 429) either recalled an aggressive behavior they regret or an aggressive behavior they believe was justified. Participants then explained why they behaved aggressively. Mostly, people gave reason explanations for their aggressive behaviors, which is consistent with past research on how people explain intentional behaviors. Further, and as predicted, participants who explained behaviors they believe were justified gave (relatively) more reason explanations and participants who explained behaviors they regretted gave (relatively) more causal history of reasons explanations. These findings are consistent with the idea that participants adjust their explanations to either provide a rationale for, or to distance themselves from, their past aggressive behaviors.
Antinuclear antibodies in rosacea patients
Creators: name: Sysa-Jędrzejowska, Anna
name: Salamon, Małgorzata
name: Woźniacka, Anna
name: McCauliffe, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: IntroductionRosacea is a common inflammatory disorder, characterized by a spectrum of facial manifestations. The clinical similarity to other dermatoses, like lupus erythematosus, might lead to misdiagnosis, particularly in patients with elevated antinuclear antibody titers.AimTo assess the frequency, titer and specificity of antinuclear antibodies in rosacea patients and correlate these findings with clinical features.Material and methodsThe study included 101 rosacea patients and 26 sex- and age-matched controls. Immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody testing was performed on HEp-2 substrates. Patients’ sera with ANA titers of 1 : 160 or higher were evaluated by Euroline analysis.ResultsOver a half (53.5%) of rosacea patients had an ANA titer greater than or equal to 1 : 160. Within this group 13.86% had a titer of 1 : 320, 8.91% had a titer of 1 : 640, and 6.93% had a titer of 1 : 1,280 or higher. The specificity of these antibodies could not be identified. Elevated ANA titers were present more often in women (55.8%) than in men (44.15%). Only two of 26 healthy volunteers had elevated ANA titers. One had a titer of 1 : 160 and the other of 1 : 320. During a two-year observation period, after the initial ANA testing, none of the patients with ANA titers above 1 : 640 developed an apparent autoimmune disorder.ConclusionsElevated ANA titers are commonly found in rosacea patients, what with simultaneously existing facial erythema and photosensitivity might lead to misdiagnosis of lupus erythematosus. Clinicians should beware of these findings to avoid misdiagnosing lupus erythematosus in rosacea patients with elevated ANA titers.
Implicit-explicit discrepancies regarding racial attitudes among U.S. Whites
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Frank J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology

description: Work on implicit attitude measures has become increasingly rich and nuanced, with much theoretical development emanating from investigations of the correspondence between implicit and explicit attitude measures. However, various facets of implicit-explicit discrepancies (IEDs) remain underexplored – particularly, how prevalent the potentially distinct categories of IEDs are. Existing models speak mainly to discrepancies that occur because explicit attitudes are less prejudiced than implicit attitudes and tends to assume other possible categories are trivial. Using data from two large samples, this study provides a descriptive analysis of the different ways IEDs exist regarding racial attitudes among U.S. Whites. Results suggest IEDs exist largely in line with traditional theories, but there is substantial variation yet to be understood. These results were robust across a variety of measures, although decision-making in the construction of measures can be consequential. Future research should consider this variation in theory development regarding implicit versus explicit attitude measures.
A comprehensive analysis of normal variation and disease-causing mutations in the human DSPP gene
Creators: name: Fisher, Larry W.
name: Hartsfield, James K.
name: Wilson, Anne
name: Wright, J. Timothy
name: Suzanne Hart, P.
name: McKnight, Dianalee A.
name: Hart, Thomas C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Within nine dentin dysplasia (type II) and dentinogenesis imperfecta (type II and III) patient/families, seven have one of four net −1 deletions within the ~2kb coding repeat domain of the DSPP gene while the remaining two patients had splice-site mutations. All frameshift mutations are predicted to change the highly soluble DSPP protein into proteins with long hydrophobic amino acid repeats that could interfere with processing of normal DSPP and/or other secreted matrix proteins. We propose that all previously reported missense, nonsense, and splice-site DSPP mutations (all associated with exons 2 and 3) result in dominant phenotypes due to disruption of signal peptide-processing and/or related biochemical events that also result in interference with protein processing. This would bring the currently known dominant forms of the human disease phenotype in agreement with the normal phenotype of the heterozygous null Dspp (−/+) mice. A study of 188 normal human chromosomes revealed a hypervariable DSPP repeat domain with extraordinary rates of change including 20 slip-replication indel events and 37 predominantly C-to-T transition SNPs. The most frequent transition in the primordial 9-bp DNA repeat was a sense-strand CpG site while a CpNpG (CAG) transition was the second most frequent SNP. Bisulfite-sequencing of genomic DNA showed that DSPP repeat can be methylated at both motifs. This suggests that, like plants and some animals, human methylate some CpNpG sequences. Analysis of 37 haplotypes of the highly variable DSPP gene from geographically diverse people suggests it may be a useful autosomal marker in human migration studies.
Signaling to p53: Ribosomal Proteins Find Their Way
Creators: name: Lu, Hua
name: Zhang, Yanping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Inherently disparate cell growth and division, which are intimately coupled through a delicate network of intracellular and extracellular signaling, require ribosomal biogenesis. A number of events imparting instability to ribosomal biogenesis can cause nucleolar stress. In response to this stress, several ribosomal proteins bind to MDM2 and block MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. By doing so, the ribosomal proteins play a crucial role in connecting deregulated cell growth with inhibition of cell division. The ribosomal protein-MDM2-p53 signaling pathway provides a molecular switch that may constitute a surveillance network monitoring the integrity of ribosomal biogenesis.