Phanoperla hainana Li & Qin, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Li, Weihai
name: Qin, Xuefeng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Phanoperla
Phanoperla hainana

description: Phanoperla hainana Li & Qin, sp. nov.   
 ( Figs. 1–2)   
 Male. Forewing length ca. 8.2 mm. General body color brown with dark pattern (Fig. 1 a). Biocellate, ocelli brown surrounded with black rings, distance between ocelli less than diameter of the ocellus. Head pale with distinct color pattern, a large crescent brown area between ocelli and extended backward, the hind margin nearly touching anterior margin of pronotum, pigmentation along the median occipital line lighter (Fig. 1 b); M-line pale brown except for a small triangular brown marking forward of M line and two larger connecting brown ones behind M-line (Fig. 1 b); compound eyes large; antennae dark brown but scape pale brown (Fig. 1 a). Pronotum with well delimited brown rugosities on pale disc, anterior and posterior margins dark, lateral margins pale mixed with brownish flange (Fig. 1 b); wing membrane pale, veins dark brown, Rs two-branched; legs brown but hindleg paler. Abdominal segments pale but terminalia darker. Terminalia. Sternum 7 with distinct hair brush (Fig. 1 f). Tergum 8 with posterior margin slightly produced and sclerotized, medially with a shallow notch, without sensilla basiconica (Figs. 1 c–d). Tergum 9 (Figs. 1 c–1e) with median concavity lacking sensilla basiconica, two lateral humps typically with patches of many sensilla basiconica, two small spines beneath tip of hemitergal processes in dorsal aspect, far aside from the sensilla patch (Fig 1 d). Hemitergal processes of tergum 10 relatively stout, strongly sclerotized and its sharp tip curved outward. Aedeagal tube with large brown dorsal sclerite, roughly triangular in lateral view, covering most of the dorsal and lateral surfaces medially to the apex (Fig. 2 a). Aedeagal sac about as long as tube; apically with several black spines (ca. 5 thick and 2 thin ones) on the dorsal aspect of sac (Figs. 2 b, 2f); basal half mostly bare except basal ¼ with a patch of needle-like large thin spines in ventral view, the patch extended as lateral bands of small and medium-sized spines to distal ½; distal ½ with small spines and two oblique incomplete rows of large, thick spines ending at curved tip (Figs. 2 a–2e); apical ¼ completely covered by tiny spines, becoming abruptly slender and strongly curved ventrally, apex with “elephant-like trunk” process (Figs. 2 d–2e).   
 Female. Unknown.   
 Type material. Holotype: male (HIST), China: Hainan Island, Qiongzhong, Mt. Limushan, 2013. IV.3, light trap, Wang Yuyu and Jiang Yunlan, 19.17'29'' N, 109.77'02'' E. Paratype: 1 male (CAUC), same data as holotype.   
 Etymology. The patronym refers to the type locality, Hainan Island.   
 Distribution. China (Hainan Island).   
 Diagnosis and remarks. The male of the new species is distinctive by possessing a wide, bare, median depression between lateral groups of sensilla basiconica on tergum 9, and a ventrally curved proboscis-like structure on the apical aedeagal sac. Phanoperla hainana may be a member of the P. pallipennis group sensu Zwick (1982) based on the aedeagal structure but it also shares a similar bare median depression of tergum 9 and similar basal spur of dorsal sclerite of aedeagus with the P. nervosa group of Zwick (1982). Phanoperla hainana has a similar aedeagal sac with P. uchidai Sivec and Stark, 2010 described from Thailand. However, in P. uchidai, the head pattern around the M-line is indistinct and there is no dark spot present behind the ocelli. In addition, the hemitergal processes of tergum 10 have the tips curved inward unlike the new species. Additionally, the aedeagal armatures also differ. Phanoperla uchidai has ventrolateral spines near the aedeagal base and a partial ring of large spines, both are lacking in P. hainana (fig. 24–28, Sivec and Stark 2010). The new species can be easily separated from the other known Chinese species, P. pallipennis by its distinctive head pattern, tergum 9 lacking the median patch of sensilla basiconica, and the ventrally curved hook-like apex of the aedeagal sac. Phanoperla pallipennis has a large patch of sensilla basiconica in the median concavity of tergum 9 and the sac is relatively straight.
description: Published as part of Li, Weihai & Qin, Xuefeng, 2016, The second species of Phanoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China, P. hainana sp. nov., from Hainan Island, pp. 193-196 in Zootaxa 4162 (1) on pages 193-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/255328