cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Marine Hydrokinetic Energy from Western Boundary Currents
Creators: name: Lowcher, C.F.
name: He, R.
name: Bane, J.M.
name: Muglia, M.
name: Gong, Y.
name: Haines, S.M.
Publisher: name: Annual Reviews Inc.
Year: 2017

description: The kinetic energy in ocean currents, or marine hydrokinetic (MHK) energy, is a renewable energy resource that can help meet global energy requirements. An ocean circulation model-based census shows that subtropical surface western boundary currents (WBCs) are the only nearshore, large-scale currents swift enough to drive large electricity-generating ocean turbines envisioned for future use. We review several WBCs in the context of kinetic energy extraction. The power density in the Gulf Stream off North Carolina at times reaches several thousand watts per square meter at 75 m below the surface, and the annual average power is approximately 500-1,000 W m-2. Significant fluctuations occur with periods of 3-20 days (Gulf Stream meanders) and weeks to months (Gulf Stream path shifts). Interannual variations in annual average power occur because of year-to-year changes in these WBC motions. No large-scale turbines presently exist, and the road to establishing MHK facilities in WBCs will encounter challenges that are similar in many aspects to those associated with the development of offshore wind power.
Additional file 1 of Neuronal dysfunction caused by FUSR521G promotes ALS-associated phenotypes that are attenuated by NF-κB inhibition
Creators: name: Pelaez, Mari Carmen
name: Desmeules, Antoine
name: Gelon, Pauline A.
name: Glasson, Bastien
name: Marcadet, Laetitia
name: Rodgers, Alicia
name: Phaneuf, Daniel
name: Pozzi, Silvia
name: Dutchak, Paul A.
name: Julien, Jean-Pierre
name: Sephton, Chantelle F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary methods and figures: Methods. Material and methods for supplemental data. Figure legends. Figure legends for supplemental figures. Fig. S1. hFUS co-staining with markers for astrocytes or microglia. Fig. S2. Excision and expression analysis of hFUS in the brain and spinal cord of hFUSR521/Syn1 mice. Fig. S3. hFUSR521/Syn1 mice present persistent cognitive impairment, along with progressive, age-dependent motor dysfunction. Fig. S4. No sex-dependent differences are observed in hFUShFUSR521/Syn1 mice. Fig. S5. Progressive loss of motor neurons and NMJ denervation in aged hFUSR521/Syn1 mice. Fig. S6. No defects in spinal motor neurons and NMJ in 6-month-old hFUSR521/Syn1 mice. Fig. S7. IMS-088 treatment attenuates glial activation in the cortex of hFUSR521/Syn1 mice.
Breaking down hurdles of current data citation practices: use cases and benefits of persistent identifiers for dataset elements.
Creators: name: Saldanha Bach, Janete
name: Klas, Claus-Peter
name: Mutschke, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Persistent Identifiers - PIDs
Research data citation
Research data - Social Sciences
Variables - Social Sciences
Granularity level identification
Research data services - technical infrastructure.

description: This session introduces the output of the NFDI-funded consortium KonsortSWD, Measure TA.5-M.1 "Enhancing PID services as a base for a FAIR data infrastructure," a service to assign PIDs on the level of the inline data objects, such as survey variables. This technical solution aims to make data findability and accessibility on the lower granularity level of studies more efficient. Particularly in the Social Sciences, PIDs are commonly available on the study level, which is insufficient to unambiguously identify the information used and ensure an accurate data citation. By assigning PIDs to the fine-grained level of attributes, individual elements can be referenced and retrieved with the required metadata. Referencing research data and their inherited entities by Persistent Identifiers (PIDs) supports FAIR data usage. Textual data citations without a unique identifier are non-standard practices that lead to consequences such as making it inefficient to identify critical variables and reuse them. From the technical perspective, it also hinders automated access to variables, making harmonisation very expensive since it is costly and time-consuming. The PIDs for variables registration service simplify FAIR data management and benefit both researchers and research data repositories (RDCs), fostering credibility results and ensuring the sustainable reusability of data. RDCs directly benefit from PIDs regarding data governance activities and the services they provide. PIDs as data identifiers have far advantages in terms of machine-actionable features: enabling citation tracking and aggregating, scientific production combination; empowering authority; promoting digital connections among researchers, organisations, and research outputs. Explicit relations between those elements are possible and favour the formation of a network into a knowledge graph representation. Since PIDs are machine-actionable, they are the technical bridges to the FAIR principles that can increase the traceability of research results in the Social and Economic Sciences.
description: KonsortSWD is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the framework of the NFDI – project number: 442494171.
The economics of electricity generation from Gulf Stream currents
Creators: name: Bane, J.
name: de Queiroz, A.R.
name: Neary, V.S.
name: DeCarolis, J.F.
name: Li, B.
name: Keeler, A.G.
name: He, R.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2017

description: Hydrokinetic turbines harnessing energy from ocean currents represent a potential low carbon electricity source. This study provides a detailed techno-economic assessment of ocean turbines operating in the Gulf Stream off the North Carolina coast. Using hindcast data from a high-resolution ocean circulation model in conjunction with the US Department of Energy's reference model 4 (RM4) for ocean turbines, we examine resource quality and apply portfolio optimization to identify the best candidate sites for ocean turbine deployment. We find that the lowest average levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) from a single site can reach 400 $/MWh. By optimally selecting geographically dispersed sites and taking advantage of economies of scale, the variations in total energy output can be reduced by an order of magnitude while keeping the LCOE below 300 $/MWh. Power take-off and transmission infrastructure are the largest cost drivers, and variation in resource quality can have a significant influence on the project LCOE. While this study focuses on a limited spatial domain, it provides a framework to assess the techno-economic feasibility of ocean current energy in other western boundary currents.
The Proton Radius Puzzle
Creators: name: Carlson, Carl E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proton size, specifically its charge radius, was thought known to about 1% accuracy. Now a new method probing the proton with muons instead of electrons finds a radius about 4% smaller, and to boot gives an uncertainty limit of about 0.1%. We review the different measurements, some of the calculations that underlie them, some of the suggestions that have been made to resolve the conflict, and give a brief overview new related experimental initiatives. At present, however, the resolution to the problem remains unknown.
description: Accepted invited review for Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. 28 pages, 15 figures
Additional file 1 of PKCδ regulates the vascular biology in diabetic atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Qin, Peiliang
name: He, Changhuai
name: Ye, Pin
name: Li, Qin
name: Cai, Chuanqi
name: Li, Yiqing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary table 1. PKCδ regulates cellular functions under non-DM and DM conditions.
Diagnosing the warming of the Northeastern U.S. Coastal Ocean in 2012: A linkage between the atmospheric jet stream variability and ocean response
Creators: name: Gawarkiewicz, G.G.
name: Lentz, S.J.
name: Bane, J.M.
name: Chen, K.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2014

description: The temperature in the coastal ocean off the northeastern U.S. during the first half of 2012 was anomalously warm, and this resulted in major impacts on the marine ecosystem and commercial fisheries. Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of the warming and its underlying dynamical processes is important for improving ecosystem management. Here, we show that the warming in the first half of 2012 was systematic from the Gulf of Maine to Cape Hatteras. Moreover, the warm anomalies extended through the water column, and the local temperature change of shelf water in the Middle Atlantic Bight was largely balanced by the atmospheric heat flux. The anomalous atmospheric jet stream position induced smaller heat loss from the ocean and caused a much slower cooling rate in late autumn and early winter of 2011-2012. Strong jet stream intraseasonal oscillations in the first half of 2012 systematically increased the warm anomalies over the continental shelf. Despite the importance of advection in prior northeastern U.S. continental shelf interannual temperature anomalies, our analyses show that much of the 2012 warming event was attributed to local warming from the atmosphere.
Additional file 1 of Functional training improves peak oxygen consumption and quality of life of individuals with heart failure: a randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: do Nascimento, Daniela Meirelles
name: Machado, Karina Costa
name: Bock, Patrícia Martins
name: Saffi, Marco Aurélio Lumertz
name: Goldraich, Livia Adams
name: Silveira, Anderson Donelli
name: Clausell, Nadine
name: Schaan, Beatriz D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Values of outcomes in each group, within groups, and between groups.
UNOLS establishes SCOAR to promote research aircraft facilities for U.S. ocean sciences
Creators: name: Riemer, D.
name: Jonsson, H.
name: Flagg, C.
name: Prince, M.
name: Bane, J.M.
name: Bluth, R.
name: Melville, W.K.
name: Friehe, C.A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: The ocean sciences community is currently engaged in the process of defining new facilities that will support oceanographic research, education, and monitoring efforts for the next several decades. New research vessels, drilling ships, coastal and deep-ocean observing systems, satellites, and submersibles will be designed to increase ocean access in terms of geographical coverage, depth, temporal continuity, and resolution of events. Aircraft may be largely overlooked facilities that are capable of providing observations and data in ways that satisfy many research goals, and they should be considered an important component in the future mix of oceanographic facilities.
Prognosis and Treatment Prediction of Type-2 Diabetes Using Deep Neural Network and Machine Learning Classifiers
Creators: name: Kowsher, Md.
name: Turaba, Mahbuba Yesmin
name: Sajed, Tanvir
name: Rahman, M M Mahabubur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Type 2 Diabetes is a fast-growing, chronic metabolic disorder due to imbalanced insulin activity.The motion of this research is a comparative study of seven machine learning classifiers and an artificial neural network method to prognosticate the detection and treatment of diabetes with high accuracy,in order to identify and treat diabetes patients at an early age.Our training and test dataset is an accumulation of 9483 diabetes patients information.The training dataset is large enough to negate overfitting and provide for highly accurate test performance.We use performance measures such as accuracy and precision to find out the best algorithm deep ANN which outperforms with 95.14% accuracy among all other tested machine learning classifiers.We hope our high-performing model can be used by hospitals to predict diabetes and drive research into more accurate prediction models.
Air-sea interactions during the passage of a winter storm over the Gulf Stream: A three-dimensional coupled atmosphere-ocean model study
Creators: name: Li, Y.
name: Bane, J.M.
name: Xue, H.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2002

description: A three-dimensional, regional coupled atmosphere-ocean model with full physics is developed to study air-sea interactions during winter storms off the U. S. east coast. Because of the scarcity of open ocean observations, models such as this offer valuable opportunities to investigate how oceanic forcing drives atmospheric circulation and vice versa. The study presented here considers conditions of strong atmospheric forcing (high wind speeds) and strong oceanic forcing (significant sea surface temperature (SST) gradients). A simulated atmospheric cyclone evolves in a manner consistent with Eta reanalysis, and the simulated air-sea heat and momentum exchanges strongly affect the circulations in both the atmosphere and the ocean. For the simulated cyclone of 19-20 January 1998, maximum ocean-to-atmosphere heat fluxes first appear over the Gulf Stream in the South Atlantic Bight, and this results in rapid deepening of the cyclone off the Carolina coast. As the cyclone moves eastward, the heat flux maximum shifts into the region near Cape Hatteras and later northeast of Hatteras, where it enhances the wind locally. The oceanic response to the atmospheric forcing is closely related to the wind direction. Southerly and southwesterly winds tend to strengthen surface currents in the Gulf Stream, whereas northeasterly winds weaken the surface currents in the Gulf Stream and generate southwestward flows on the shelf. The oceanic feedback to the atmosphere moderates the cyclone strength. Compared with a simulation in which the oceanic model always passes the initial SST to the atmospheric model, the coupled simulation in which the oceanic model passes the evolving SST to the atmospheric model produces higher ocean-to-atmosphere heat flux near Gulf Stream meander troughs. This is due to wind-driven lateral shifts of the stream, which in turn enhance the local northeasterly winds. Away from the Gulf Stream the coupled simulation produces surface winds that are 5 ∼ 10% weaker. Differences in the surface ocean currents between these two experiments are significant on the shelf and in the open ocean.
Parity lifetime of bound states in a proximitized semiconductor nanowire
Creators: name: Higginbotham, A. P.
name: Albrecht, S. M.
name: Kirsanskas, G.
name: Chang, W.
name: Kuemmeth, F.
name: Krogstrup, P.
name: Jespersen, T. S.
name: Nygard, J.
name: Flensberg, K.
name: Marcus, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasiparticle excitations can compromise the performance of superconducting devices, causing high frequency dissipation, decoherence in Josephson qubits, and braiding errors in proposed Majorana-based topological quantum computers. Quasiparticle dynamics have been studied in detail in metallic superconductors but remain relatively unexplored in semiconductor-superconductor structures, which are now being intensely pursued in the context of topological superconductivity. To this end, we introduce a new physical system comprised of a gate-confined semiconductor nanowire with an epitaxially grown superconductor layer, yielding an isolated, proximitized nanowire segment. We identify Andreev-like bound states in the semiconductor via bias spectroscopy, determine the characteristic temperatures and magnetic fields for quasiparticle excitations, and extract a parity lifetime (poisoning time) of the bound state in the semiconductor exceeding 10 ms.
description: text and supplementary information combined
Additional file 1 of Assessing the barriers and enablers to the implementation of the diagnostic radiographer musculoskeletal X-ray reporting service within the NHS in England: a systematic literature review
Creators: name: Lockwood, P.
name: Burton, C.
name: Woznitza, N.
name: Shaw, T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA_2020_abstract checklist. Completed PRISMA checklist for abstract.
Wind and Gulf Stream influences on along-shelf transport and off-shelf export at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina
Creators: name: Bane Jr., J.M.
name: Savidge, D.K.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2001

description: Along-shelf transports across three cross-shelf lines on the continental shelf near Cape Hatteras have been calculated from moored current meter data over a continuous 24 month period in 1992-1994. The along-shelf convergence has been used to infer off-shelf export. Transport and transport convergence have been related to wind and Gulf Stream forcing and to variability in sea level at the coast. The along-shelf transport variability is primarily wind-driven and highly correlated with sea level fluctuations at the coast. Both winds and along-shelf transport exhibit a near-annual period variability. Along-shelf transport is not well correlated with Gulf Stream offshore position. Along-shelf transport convergence is highly correlated with Gulf Stream position offshore, with a more shoreward Gulf Stream position leading increased along-shelf convergence by hours to a few days. Long-period variability of 14-16 months and 1-3 months is apparent in both Gulf Stream position and transport convergence. Variability in along-shelf convergence is poorly correlated with wind, wind convergence, or coastal sea level. A likely hypothesis accounting for the observed relationship between Gulf Stream position and along-shelf transport convergence is that the Gulf Stream is directly influencing cross-shelf export processes along the outer boundary of the study site. Despite predominantly convergent flow on the shelf at Cape Hatteras, brief periods of along-shelf divergence and shoreward cross-shelf transport exist (∼10% of the time just north of Cape Hatteras and ∼34% of the time just south of Cape Hatteras during episodes of up to 3-8 days duration). Implied onshore flows of a few cm s-1 are tentatively identified in the moored current meter data for these periods. Satellite imagery for an extended along-shelf divergent period clearly suggests that shelf edge parcels could be advected a significant fraction of the way across the shelf.
Can we build a conscious machine?
Creators: name: Aur, Dorian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The underlying physiological mechanisms of generating conscious states are still unknown. To make progress on the problem of consciousness, we will need to experimentally design a system that evolves in a similar way our brains do. Recent experimental data show that the multiscale nature of the evolving human brain can be implemented by reprogramming human cells. A hybrid system can be designed to include an evolving brain equipped with digital computers that maintain homeostasis and provide the right amount of nutrients and oxygen for the brain growth. Shaping the structure of the evolving brain will be progressively achieved by controlling spatial organization of various types of cells. Following a specific program, the evolving brain can be trained using substitutional reality to learn and experience live scenes. We already know from neuroelectrodynamics that meaningful information in the brain is electrically (wirelessly) read out and written fast in neurons and synapses at the molecular (protein) level during the generation of action potentials and synaptic activities. Since with training, meaningful information accumulates and is electrically integrated in the brain, one can predict, that this gradual process of training will trigger a tipping point for conscious experience to emerge in the hybrid system.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of Protocol for a systematic literature review of smartphone apps to support the self-management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: development strategies, theoretical underpinnings and barriers to engagement
Creators: name: Barnett, Rosemarie
name: Clarke, Christopher
name: Sengupta, Raj
name: Rouse, Peter C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) 2015 checklist: recommended items to address in a systematic review protocol*.
Comprehensive Mapping of Continuous/Switching Circuits in CCM and DCM to Machine Learning Domain using Homogeneous Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Khamis, Ahmed K.
name: Agamy, Mohammed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper proposes a method of transferring physical continuous and switching/converter circuits working in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) to graph representation, independent of the connection or the number of circuit components, so that machine learning (ML) algorithms and applications can be easily applied. Such methodology is generalized and is applicable to circuits with any number of switches, components, sources and loads, and can be useful in applications such as artificial intelligence (AI) based circuit design automation, layout optimization, circuit synthesis and performance monitoring and control. The proposed circuit representation and feature extraction methodology is applied to seven types of continuous circuits, ranging from second to fourth order and it is also applied to three of the most common converters (Buck, Boost, and Buck-boost) operating in CCM or DCM. A classifier ML task can easily differentiate between circuit types as well as their mode of operation, showing classification accuracy of 97.37% in continuous circuits and 100% in switching circuits
Massive MIMO and NOMA Bits-per-Antenna Efficiency under Power Allocation Policies
Creators: name: Alves, Thiago Alves Bruza
name: Abrão, Taufik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A comparative resource allocation analysis in terms of received bits-per-antenna spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) in downlink (DL) single-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems considering a BS equipped with many ($M$) antennas, while $K$ devices {operate} with a single-antenna, and {the loading of devices} $ρ= \frac{K}{M}$ ranging in $0<ρ\leq 2$ is carried out under three different \ac{PA} strategies: the inverse of the channel power allocation (PICPA), a modified water-filling ($Δ$-WF) allocation method, and the equal power allocation (EPA) reference method. Since the two devices per cluster are overlapped in the power domain in the NOMA system, the channel matrix requires transformation to perform the zero-forcing (ZF) precoding adopted in mMIMO. Hence, NOMA operating under many antennas can favor a group of devices with higher array gain, overcoming the mMIMO and operating conveniently in the higher loading range $0.6<ρ<2.0$. In such a scenario, a more realistic and helpful metric consists of {evaluating} the area under SE and EE curves, by measuring the bit-per-antenna and bit-per-antenna-per-watt efficiency, respectively. Our numerical results confirm a superiority of NOMA w.r.t. mMIMO of an order of 3x for the SE-area and 2x for the EE-area metric.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, 5, 4 tables
Symmetry Breaking Indication for Supergravity Inflation in Light of the Planck 2015
Creators: name: Li, Tianjun
name: Li, Zhijin
name: Nanopoulos, Dimitri V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supergravity (SUGRA) theories with exact global $U(1)$ symmetry or shift symmetry in Kähler potential provide the natural frameworks for inflation. However, the quadratic inflation is disfavoured by the new results on primordial tensor fluctuations from the Planck Collaboration. To be consistent with the new Planck data, we point out that the explicit symmetry breaking is needed, and study these two SUGRA inflation in details. For the SUGRA inflation with global $U(1)$ symmetry, the symmetry breaking term leads to a trigonometric modulation on inflaton potential. The coefficient of the $U(1)$ symmetry breaking term is of the order $10^{-2}$, which is sufficient large to improve the inflationary predictions while its higher order corrections are negligible. Such models predict sizeable tensor fluctuations and highly agree with the Planck results. In particular, the model with a linear $U(1)$ symmetry breaking term predicts the tensor-to-scalar ratio around $\textbf{r}\sim0.01$ and running spectral index $α_s\sim-0.004$, which comfortably fit with the Planck observations. For the SUGRA inflation with breaking shift symmetry, the inflaton potential is modulated by an exponential factor. The modulated linear and quadratic models are consistent with the Planck observations. In both kinds of models the tensor-to-scalar ratio can be of the order $10^{-2}$, which will be tested by the near future observations.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, references added
Additional file 2 of Assessing the barriers and enablers to the implementation of the diagnostic radiographer musculoskeletal X-ray reporting service within the NHS in England: a systematic literature review
Creators: name: Lockwood, P.
name: Burton, C.
name: Woznitza, N.
name: Shaw, T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 2. PRISMA_2020_checklist. Completed PRISMA checklist for systematic review’s.
Kelvin waves and internal bores in the marine boundary layer inversion and their relationship to coastally trapped wind reversals
Creators: name: Persson, P.O.G.
name: Wilczak, J.M.
name: Bane, J.M.
name: Cancillo, M.L.
name: Neiman, P.J.
name: Nuss, W.
name: Ralph, F.M.
Publisher: name: American Meteorological Society
Year: 2000

description: Detailed observations of a coastally trapped disturbance, or wind reversal, on 10-11 June 1994 along the California coast provide comprehensive documentation of its structure, based on aircraft, wind profiler, radio acoustic sounding system, and buoy measurements. Unlike the expectations from earlier studies based on limited data, which concluded that the deepening of the marine boundary layer (MBL) was a key factor, the 1994 data show that the perturbation was better characterized as an upward thickening of the inversion capping the MBL. As the event propagated over a site, the reversal in the alongshore wind direction occurred first within the inversion and then 3-4 h later at the surface. A node in the vertical structure (defined here as the altitude of zero vertical displacement) is found just above the inversion base, with up to 200-m upward displacements of isentropic surfaces above the node, and 70-m downward displacements below. Although this is a single event, it is shown that the vertical structure observed is representative of most other coastally trapped wind reversals. This is determined by comparing a composite of the 10-11 June 1994 event, based on measurements at seven buoys, with surface pressure perturbations calculated from aircraft data. These results are compared to the composite of many events. In each case a weak pressure trough occurred between 2.4 and 4.0 h ahead of the surface wind reversal, and the pressure rose by 0.32-0.48 mb between the trough and the wind reversal. The pressure rise results from the cooling caused by the inversion's upward expansion. The propagation and structure of the event are shown to be best characterized as a mixed Kelvin wave-bore propagating within the inversion above the MBL, with the MBL acting as a quasi-rigid lower boundary. If the MBL is instead assumed to respond in unison with the inversion, then the theoretically predicted intrinsic phase speeds significantly exceed the observed intrinsic phase speed. The hybrid nature of the event is indicated by two primary characteristics: 1) the disturbance had a much shallower slope than expected for an internal bore, while at the same time the upward perturbation within the inversion was quasi-permanent rather than sinusoidal, which more closely resembles a bore; and 2) the predicted phase speeds for the "solitary" form of nonlinear Kelvin wave and for an internal bore are both close to the observed intrinsic phase speed.
Gap generation and phase diagram in strained graphene in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Rybalka, D. O.
name: Gorbar, E. V.
name: Gusynin, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gap equation for Dirac quasiparticles in monolayer graphene in constant magnetic and pseudomagnetic fields, where the latter is due to strain, is studied in a low-energy effective model with contact interactions. Analyzing solutions of the gap equation, the phase diagram of the system in the plane of pseudomagnetic and parallel magnetic fields is obtained in the approximation of the lowest Landau level. The three quantum Hall states, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and canted antiferromagnetic, are realized in different regions of the phase diagram. It is found that the structure of the phase diagram is sensitive to signs and values of certain four-fermion interaction couplings which break the approximate spin-value SU(4) symmetry of the model.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
Cyclogenesis in the deep ocean beneath the Gulf Stream 2. Dynamics
Creators: name: Savidge, D.K.
name: Bane Jr., J.M.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 1999

description: Strong cyclones in the deep ocean beneath the Gulf Stream have been observed during the period June 13, 1988, to August 7, 1990, near 68°W, 37°N in data from the Synoptic Ocean Prediction (SYNOP) Experiment. These cyclones developed in association with the evolution of large amplitude, quasi-stationary meander troughs in the Gulf Stream. It is likely that baroclinic instability is responsible for cyclone spin-up. The dynamical analysis of these cyclones indicates the process is analogous with atmospheric cyclogenesis from the perspectives of divergence and conservation of potential vorticity, but not in terms of the density field evolution. Large positive vertical velocities in the thermocline over developing low pressure centers at 3500 m are consistent with convergence at depth and divergence in the upper ocean, and with stretching of the lower water column and shortening of the upper water column. The stretching of the lower water column accounts for the generation of positive relative vorticity there. However, the evolution of the density field in the oceanic case does not resemble the atmospheric case. In the atmosphere, density field adjustments in the air column above the low pressure center at the Earth's surface are in the correct sense to account for decreasing pressure there. In the ocean, density field adjustments in the water column fail to account for the developing low pressure centers, so sea surface height depressions must be responsible. These depressions must have an approximate magnitude of 0.5 m depth over a 250 km horizontal extent (the cyclone's diameter).
Additional file 1 of An agent-based model of binge drinking, inequitable gender norms and their contribution to HIV transmission, with application to South Africa
Creators: name: Johnson, Leigh F.
name: Kubjane, Mmamapudi
name: de Voux, Alex
name: Ohrnberger, Julius
name: Tlali, Mpho
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary materials. Table S1. Multivariable analysis of factors associated with men’s acceptance of wife beating. Figure S1. Modelled trend in average gender-inequitable norm scores. Table S2. Predictors of the numbers of days on which alcohol was consumed in the last week (on a log scale). Table S3. Predictors of the average number of drinks per drinking day, among adults who consumed alcohol in the last week (on a log scale). Table S4. Variation in numbers of days on which alcohol is consumed and numbers of drinks per drinking day. Figure S2. Average drinks per day, for individuals aged 15 and older. Figure S3. Proportion of adults aged 15 and older who consume alcohol at least monthly. Figure S4. Proportion of high school students (grades 8-11) who have had 5 or more drinks on a single day in the last month. Table S5.1. Model assumptions about heterosexual rates of entry into the casual sex state. Table S5.2. Heterosexual casual sex model outputs in 2005. Figure S5. Changes in the relationship between educational attainment and condom use over time. Table S6. Prior distributions for alcohol and gender norm parameters. Table S7. Randomized controlled trial data included in model calibration. Table S8. Best-fitting parameter combinations. Figure S6. Calibration to alcohol and gender norm outcome data. Figure S7. Calibration to sexual risk behaviour outcome data. Figure S8. Calibration to biological outcome data. Figure S9. Modelled associations (on log(OR) scale) between binge drinking, inequitable gender norms and sexual risk behaviours, compared against associations measured in national surveys. Table S9. Changes in condom parameters. Figure S10. HIV prevalence in adults aged 15-49. Figure S11. Annual AIDS deaths.
Online placement test based on Item Response Theory and IMS Global standards
Creators: name: Merrouch, Farid
name: Hnida, Meriem
name: Idrissi, Mohammed Khalidi
name: Bennani, Samir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper aims to present an online placement test. It is based on the Item Response Theory to provide relevant estimates of learner competences. The proposed test is the entry point of our e-Learning system. It gathers the learner response to a set of questions and uses a specific developed algorithm to estimate its level. This algorithm identifies learning gaps, which allows tutors to conceive sequence of courses and remediation adapted to each case of learner, in order to achieve a competence.
Additional file 1 of Sex difference of pre- and post-natal exposure to six developmental neurotoxicants on intellectual abilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies
Creators: name: Goodman, Carly V.
name: Green, Rivka
name: DaCosta, Allya
name: Flora, David
name: Lanphear, Bruce
name: Till, Christine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Appendices Appendix A. Risk of Bias Instructions. Appendix B. Effect Size Transformation.
Additional file 1 of Anti-cancer effect of nano-encapsulated boswellic acids, curcumin and naringenin against HepG-2 cell line
Creators: name: Elnawasany, Sally
name: Haggag, Yusuf A.
name: Shalaby, Shahinaz M.
name: Soliman, Nema A.
name: EL Saadany, Amira A.
name: Ibrahim, Marwa A. A.
name: Badria, Farid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Predicting Soil Organic Matter Content using Machine Learning Models based on Sentinel-2 Imagery
Creators: name: Ćirić, Vladimir
name: Brdar, Sanja
name: Lugonja, Predrag
name: Marko, Oskar
name: Crnojević, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Sentinel 2
Soil Organic Matter
Machine Learning

description: We used machine learning to process Sentinel 2 multispectral images and infer the amount of soil organic matter using satellite soil indices.
Cyclogenesis in the deep ocean beneath the Gulf Stream 1. Description
Creators: name: Bane Jr., J.M.
name: Savidge, D.K.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 1999

description: One of the primary scientific results of the Synoptic Ocean Prediction (SYNOP) observational program was the discovery of strong cyclones in the deep ocean beneath the large amplitude Gulf Stream meander troughs that routinely form at about 68°W. These strong well-organized cyclones extend to at least 3500 m below the sea surface and are an important component of the overall dynamical variability of the Gulf Stream and adjacent deep waters. Typically, a small amplitude Gulf Stream meander "stalls" near 68°W and begins to amplify. As the amplitude of troughs in the Gulf Stream jet increases, the currents at 3500 m strengthen and turn, forming a cyclonic circulation pattern. During SYNOP, six well-defined instances of meander trough amplification and deep cyclogenesis occurred. The cyclones were characterized by strong swirl speeds (up to 0.5 m s-1) and were long-lived (typically lasting 6-9 weeks) frequent occurrences (present 35% of the time during the 25 month deployment period). The structure of the cyclones at 3500 m is characterized by increasing velocity from the cyclone center out to some radius of maximum velocity and decreasing velocity beyond that radius. This structure was robust over the lifetime of an event and from event to event. Cyclone radius and the radius to maximum velocity were consistently ≃ 130 km and ≃ 55 km, respectively. Evidence of cyclones at upper measurement levels and the low vertical shear values apparent in the deep water below the thermocline indicate that the cyclones extended throughout the entire water column; from the benthic boundary layer, through the thermocline, and to the ocean's surface.
Preparing ground states and squeezed states of nanomechanical cantilevers by fast dissipation
Creators: name: Wang, Xin
name: Li, Hong-rong
name: Li, Peng-bo
name: Jiang, Chen-wei
name: Gao, Hong
name: Li, Fu-li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a protocol that enables strong coupling between a flux qubit and the quantized motion of a magnetized nanomechanical cantilever. The flux qubit is driven by microwave fields with suitable parameters to induce sidebands, which will lead to the desired coupling. We show that the nanomechanical modes can be cooled to the ground states and the single-mode squeezed vacuum states can be generated via fast dissipation of the flux qubit. In our scheme, the qubit decay plays a positive role and can help drive the system to the target states.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Evidence of high-mass star formation through multi-scale mass accretion in hub-filament-system clouds
Creators: name: Liu, Hong-Li
name: Tej, Anandmayee
name: Liu, Tie
name: Sanhueza, Patricio
name: Qin, Shengli
name: He, Jinhua
name: Goldsmith, Paul F.
name: Garay, Guido
name: Pan, Sirong
name: Morii, Kaho
name: Li, Shanghuo
name: Stutz, Amelia
name: Tatematsu, Keníchi
name: Xu, Feng-Wei
name: Bronfman, Leonardo
name: Saha, Anindya
name: Issac, Namitha
name: Baug, Tapas
name: Toth, L. Viktor
name: Dewangan, Lokesh
name: Wang, Ke
name: Zhou, Jianwen
name: Lee, Chang Won
name: Yang, Dongting
name: Luo, Anxu
name: Shen, Xianjin
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Wu, Yue-Fang
name: Ren, Zhiyuan
name: Liu, Xun-Chuan
name: Soam, Archana
name: Zhang, Siju
name: Luo, Qiu-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a statistical study of a sample of 17 hub-filament-system (HFS) clouds of high-mass star formation using high-angular resolution ($\sim$1-2 arcsecond) ALMA 1.3mm and 3mm continuum data. The sample includes 8 infrared (IR)-dark and 9 IR-bright types, which correspond to an evolutionary sequence from the IR-dark to IR-bright stage. The central massive clumps and their associated most massive cores are observed to follow a trend of increasing mass ($M$) and mass surface density ($Σ$) with evolution from IR-dark to IR-bright stage. In addition, a mass-segregated cluster of young stellar objects (YSOs) are revealed in both IR-dark and IR-bright HFSs with massive YSOs located in the hub and the population of low-mass YSOs distributed over larger areas. Moreover, outflow feedback in all HFSs are found to escape preferentially through the inter-filamentary diffuse cavities, suggesting that outflows would render a limited effect on the disruption of the HFSs and ongoing high-mass star formation therein. From the above observations, we suggest that high-mass star formation in the HFSs can be described by a multi-scale mass accretion/transfer scenario, from hub-composing filaments through clumps down to cores, that can naturally lead to a mass-segregated cluster of stars.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 16 pages, 8 figures, and 3 tables
Additional file 2 of Sex difference of pre- and post-natal exposure to six developmental neurotoxicants on intellectual abilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies
Creators: name: Goodman, Carly V.
name: Green, Rivka
name: DaCosta, Allya
name: Flora, David
name: Lanphear, Bruce
name: Till, Christine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 2: Certainty of Evidence Table 1. Prenatal Exposure and General IQ in Males. Table 2. Prenatal Exposure and Nonverbal IQ in Males. Table 2. Prenatal Exposure and Nonverbal IQ in Males. Table 4. Postnatal Lead Exposure and General IQ in Males. Table 5. Prenatal Exposure and General IQ in Females. Table 6. Prenatal Exposure and Nonverbal IQ in Females. Table 7. Prenatal Exposure and Verbal IQ in Females. Table 8. Postnatal Lead Exposure and General IQ in Females.
Sea surface mixed layer during the 10-11 June 1994 California coastally trapped event
Creators: name: Armi, L.
name: Rogers, D.P.
name: Bane, J.M.
name: Dorman, C.E.
Publisher: name: American Meteorological Society
Year: 1998

description: A midlevel, coastally trapped atmospheric event occurred along the California coast 10-11 June 1994. This feature reversed the surface wind field along the coast in a northerly phase progression. Along the central California coast, the winds at the coastal stations reverse before the corresponding coastal buoy offshore, then followed hours later by passage of the leading edge of an overcast stratus cloud. The sea surface temperature was much colder in the narrow strip along the coast. The cloud characteristics may be accounted for by a sea surface mixed layer (SSML) model beginning with the wind reversal and growing with the square root of time. Heat is lost from the SSML to the sea surface. A cloud forms when the air temperature at the top of the SSML is equal to the dewpoint. It is suggested that a bore develops on the top of the SSML, increasing the thickness of the SSML and the progression speed of the cloud to 8 m s-1. There is evidence that an undular bore with a leading cloud develops in the thinner inshore SSML. Advancing beyond Monterey Bay, horizontal density contrast is believed to have caused the bore to change character to a gravity current with a narrower cloud that passed a point inshore before the winds reversed at the buoys. The last trace of a disturbed boundary layer ended at Point Arena where strong northerly winds prevented any further northerly progression and contributed to a cyclonic eddy that was formed in the lee of the point. Caution is suggested in the interpretation of stratus cloud phase progression without coastal wind measurements.
A study of the impact of the application of digital technology-integrated entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial performance
Creators: name: Hsieh, Hsin-Ming
name: Maritz, Alex
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: Under the condition of a perfect digital technology environment, teachers receive richer teaching resources to enhance their teaching ability, improve their teaching quality, and enrich their teaching content. Teachers teaching with computers could enhance students’ learning motivation, reinforce peer cooperation, train students’ autonomy, and enhance students’ subject learning ability. Delivering vivid sounds and pictures through multimedia- assisted teaching could induce students’ learning interests and further promote learning effectiveness. Using an experimental design model for the experimental research, 206 college students in Taiwan Province, as the experimental objects, are preceded by the 16-week (total 48 hours) digital technology-integrated entrepreneurship education experiment. Research findings show the following: 1. Teachers, according to students’ learning satisfaction, check students’ learning effectiveness to ensure teaching quality and timely modify teaching styles to better match students’ learning needs. The benign interaction could largely assist in the improvement of the entire educational environment. 2. The application of digital technology in integrated entrepreneurship education reveals significantly positive effects on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial performance. According to the results of the proposed discussions, it is expected to acquire more information about entrepreneurship education and its relevance in order to provide entrepreneurship education and the related promotion units and people with practice directions and suggestions for practicable and proper entrepreneurship education in order to effectively implement the ideal and objective of entrepreneurship education.