cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two refreshing views of Fluctuation Theorems through Kinematics Elements and Exponential Martingale
Creators: name: Chetrite, Raphael
name: Gupta, Shamik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of Markov evolution, we present two original approaches to obtain Generalized Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorems (GFDT), by using the language of stochastic derivatives and by using a family of exponential martingales functionals. We show that GFDT are perturbative versions of relations verified by these exponential martingales. Along the way, we prove GFDT and Fluctuation Relations (FR) for general Markov processes, beyond the usual proof for diffusion and pure jump processes. Finally, we relate the FR to a family of backward and forward exponential martingales.
description: 41 pages, 7 figures; version2: 45 pages, 7 figures, minor revisions, new results in Section 6
Fine structure constant variation or spacetime anisotropy?
Creators: name: Chang, Zhe
name: Wang, Sai
name: Li, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations on the quasar absorption spectra supply evidence for the variation of the fine structure constant $α$. In this paper, we propose another interpretation of the observational data on the quasar absorption spectra: a scenario with spacetime inhomogeneity and anisotropy. Maybe the spacetime is characterized by the Finsler geometry instead of the Riemann one. The Finsler geometry admits fewer symmetries than the Riemann geometry does. We investigate the Finslerian geodesic equations in the Randers spacetime (a special Finsler spacetime). It is found that the cosmological redshift in this spacetime deviates from the one in general relativity. The modification term to the redshift could be generally revealed as a monopole plus dipole function of spacetime locations and directions. We suggest that this modification corresponds to the spatial monopole and dipole of $α$ variation in the quasar absorption spectra.
description: 13 pages. To publish in EPJC
WMAP7 and future CMB constraints on annihilating dark matter: implications for GeV-scale WIMPs
Creators: name: Hütsi, Gert
name: Chluba, Jens
name: Hektor, Andi
name: Raidal, Martti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Context) We calculate constraints from current and future cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements on annihilating dark matter (DM) with masses below the electroweak scale: m_{DM}=5-100 GeV. In particular, we focus our attention on the lower end of this mass range, as DM particles with masses m_{DM} ~ 10 GeV have been recently claimed to be consistent with the CoGeNT and DAMA/LIBRA results, while also providing viable DM candidates to explain the measurements of Fermi and WMAP haze. (Aims) We study the model (in)dependence of CMB spectrum on particle physics DM models, large scale structure formation and cosmological uncertainties. We attempt to find a simple and practical recipe for estimating current and future CMB bounds on a broad class of DM annihilation models. (Results) We show that in the studied DM mass range the CMB signal of DM annihilations is independent of the details of large scale structure formation, distribution and profile of DM halos and other cosmological uncertainties. All particle physics models of DM annihilation can be described with only one parameter, the fraction of energy carried away by neutrinos in DM annihilation. As the main result we provide a simple and rather generic fitting formula for calculating CMB constraints on the annihilation cross section of light WIMPs. We show that thermal relic DM in the CoGeNT, DAMA favoured mass range is in a serious conflict with present CMB data for the annihilation channels with few neutrinos, and will definitely be tested by the Planck mission for all possible DM annihilation channels. Also, our findings strongly disfavor the claim that thermal relic DM annihilations with m_{DM} ~ 10 GeV and $ ~ 9x10^{-25} cm^{3}s^{-1} could be a cause for Fermi and WMAP haze.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, A&A accepted
Photon rockets moving arbitrarily in any dimension
Creators: name: Podolsky, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A family of explicit exact solutions of Einstein's equations in four and higher dimensions is studied which describes photon rockets accelerating due to an anisotropic emission of photons. It is possible to prescribe an arbitrary motion, so that the acceleration of the rocket need not be uniform - both its magnitude and direction may vary with time. Except at location of the point-like rocket the spacetimes have no curvature singularities, and topological defects like cosmic strings are also absent. Any value of a cosmological constant is allowed. We investigate some particular examples of motion, namely a straight flight and a circular trajectory, and we derive the corresponding radiation patterns and the mass loss of the rockets. We also demonstrate the absence of "gravitational aberration" in such spacetimes. This interesting member of the higher-dimensional Robinson-Trautman class of pure radiation spacetimes of algebraic type D generalises the class of Kinnersley's solutions that has long been known in four-dimensional general relativity.
description: Text and figures modified (22 pages, 8 figures). To appear in the International Journal of Modern Physics D, Vol. 20, No.. 3
Nuclear Excitation by a Zeptosecond Multi--MeV Laser Pulse
Creators: name: Weidenmueller, Hans A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A zeptosecond multi--MeV laser pulse may either excite a "plasma" of strongly interacting nucleons or a collective mode. We derive the conditions on laser energy and photon number such that either of these scenarios is realized. We use the nuclear Giant Dipole Resonance as a representative example, and a random--matrix description of the fine--structure states and perturbation theory as tools.
description: 4 pages
The Impact of the 2018 Trade War on U.S. Prices and Welfare
Creators: name: Amiti, Mary
name: Redding, Stephen J.
name: Weinstein, David E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: International trade
Commercial policy
Tariff
Prices
Economics

description: This paper explores the impacts of the Trump administration’s trade policy on prices and welfare. Over the course of 2018, the U.S. experienced substantial increases in the prices of intermediates and final goods, dramatic changes to its supply-chain network, reductions in availability of imported varieties, and complete passthrough of the tariffs into domestic prices of imported goods. Overall, using standard economic methods, we find that the full incidence of the tariff falls on domestic consumers, with a reduction in U.S. real income of $1.4 billion per month by the end of 2018. We also see similar patterns for foreign countries who have retaliated against the U.S., which indicates that the trade war also reduced real income for other countries.
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) paraevectus Moraes & McMurtry 1983
Creators: name: Argolo, Poliane Sá
name: Vital Santos, Renata M.
name: Leão Bittencourt, Maria A.
name: Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C.
name: De Moraes, Gilberto J.
name: Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus paraevectus

description: Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) paraevectus Moraes & McMurtry, 1983
 Typhlodromus paraevectus Moraes & McMurtry, 1983: 142.
 Typhlodromus paraevectus.–– Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 155.
 Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) paraevectus.––Moraes et al., 2004: 341. Record in Bahia: Typhlodromus paraevectus.–– Fiaboe et al., 2007: 7.
description: Published as part of Argolo, Poliane Sá, Vital Santos, Renata M., Leão Bittencourt, Maria A., Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C., De Moraes, Gilberto J. & Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan, 2017, Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with tropical ornamental plants, with a checklist and a key to the species of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 345-364 in Zootaxa 4258 (4) on page 356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/570106
Kähler groups, real hyperbolic spaces and the Cremona group
Creators: name: Delzant, Thomas
name: Py, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32Q15, 14E07, 22E40

description: Generalizing a classical theorem of Carlson and Toledo, we prove that any Zariski dense isometric action of a Kähler group on the real hyperbolic space of dimension at least 3 factors through a homomorphism onto a cocompact discrete subgroup of PSL(2,R). We also study actions of Kähler groups on infinite dimensional real hyperbolic spaces, describe some exotic actions of PSL(2,R) on these spaces, and give an application to the study of the Cremona group.
description: Referee's comments and minor corrections included. With an appendix by Serge Cantat
Genetic variants influence on the placenta regulatory landscape
Creators: name: Delahaye, Fabien
name: Do, Catherine
name: Kong, Yu
name: Ashkar, Remi
name: Salas, Martha
name: Tycko, Benjamin
name: Wapner, Ronald J.
name: Hughes, Francine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Placenta
subject: Human genetics--Variation
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: DNA--Methylation

description: From genomic association studies, quantitative trait loci analysis, and epigenomic mapping, it is evident that significant efforts are necessary to define genetic-epigenetic interactions and understand their role in disease susceptibility and progression. For this reason, an analysis of the effects of genetic variation on gene expression and DNA methylation in human placentas at high resolution and whole-genome coverage will have multiple mechanistic and practical implications. By producing and analyzing DNA sequence variation (n = 303), DNA methylation (n = 303) and mRNA expression data (n = 80) from placentas from healthy women, we investigate the regulatory landscape of the human placenta and offer analytical approaches to integrate different types of genomic data and address some potential limitations of current platforms. We distinguish two profiles of interaction between expression and DNA methylation, revealing linear or bimodal effects, reflecting differences in genomic context, transcription factor recruitment, and possibly cell subpopulations. These findings help to clarify the interactions of genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in normal human placentas. They also provide strong evidence for genotype-driven modifications of transcription and DNA methylation in normal placentas. In addition to these mechanistic implications, the data and analytical methods presented here will improve the interpretability of genome-wide and epigenome-wide association studies for human traits and diseases that involve placental functions.
Latent human traits in the language of social media: An open-vocabulary approach
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Vivek
name: Kern, Margaret L.
name: Stillwell, David J.
name: Kosinski, Michal
name: Matz, Sandra C.
name: Ungar, Lyle
name: Skiena, Steven
name: Schwartz, H. Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Social media
Personality
Language and languages
Computer science
Business

description: Over the past century, personality theory and research has successfully identified core sets of characteristics that consistently describe and explain fundamental differences in the way people think, feel and behave. Such characteristics were derived through theory, dictionary analyses, and survey research using explicit self-reports. The availability of social media data spanning millions of users now makes it possible to automatically derive characteristics from behavioral data—language use—at large scale. Taking advantage of linguistic information available through Facebook, we study the process of inferring a new set of potential human traits based on unprompted language use. We subject these new traits to a comprehensive set of evaluations and compare them with a popular five factor model of personality. We find that our language-based trait construct is often more generalizable in that it often predicts non-questionnaire-based outcomes better than questionnaire-based traits (e.g. entities someone likes, income and intelligence quotient), while the factors remain nearly as stable as traditional factors. Our approach suggests a value in new constructs of personality derived from everyday human language use.
Combination interventions for Hepatitis C and Cirrhosis reduction among people who inject drugs: An agent-based, networked population simulation experiment
Creators: name: Khan, Bilal
name: Duncan, Ian
name: Saad, Mohamad
name: Schaefer, Daniel
name: Jordan, Ashly
name: Smith, Daniel
name: Neaigus, Alan
name: Des Jarlais, Don
name: Hagan, Holly
name: Dombrowski, Kirk
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Intravenous drug abusers
Hepatitis C--Treatment
Liver--Cirrhosis--Treatment
Public health

description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is endemic in people who inject drugs (PWID), with prevalence estimates above 60% for PWID in the United States. Previous modeling studies suggest that direct acting antiviral (DAA) treatment can lower overall prevalence in this population, but treatment is often delayed until the onset of advanced liver disease (fibrosis stage 3 or later) due to cost. Lower cost interventions featuring syringe access (SA) and medically assisted treatment (MAT) have shown mixed results in lowering HCV rates below current levels. However. little is known about the potential cumulative effects of combining DAA and MAT treatment. While simulation experiments can reveal likely long-term effects, most prior simulations have been performed on closed populations of model agents—a scenario quite different from the open, mobile populations known to most health agencies. This paper uses data from the Centers for Disease Control’s National HIV Behavioral Surveillance project, IDU round 3, collected in New York City in 2012 to parameterize simulations of open populations. To test the effect of combining DAA treatment with SA/MAT participation, multiple, scaled implementations of the two intervention strategies were simulated. Our results show that, in an open population, SA/MAT by itself has only small effects on HCV prevalence, while DAA treatment by itself can lower both HCV and HCV-related advanced liver disease prevalence. More importantly, the simulation experiments suggest that combinations of the two strategies can, when implemented together and at sufficient levels, dramatically reduce HCV incidence. We conclude that adopting SA/MAT implementations alongside DAA interventions can play a critical role in reducing the long-term consequences of ongoing HCV infection.
Quantum tests for the linearity and permutation invariance of Boolean functions
Creators: name: Hillery, Mark
name: Andersson, Erika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The goal in function property testing is to determine whether a black-box Boolean function has a certain property or is epsilon-far from having that property. The performance of the algorithm is judged by how many calls need to be made to the black box in order to determine, with high probability, which of the two alternatives is the case. Here we present two quantum algorithms, the first to determine whether the function is linear and the second to determine whether it is symmetric (invariant under permutations of the arguments). Both require O(epsilon^{-2/3}) calls to the oracle, which is better than known classical algorithms. In addition, in the case of linearity testing, if the function is linear, the quantum algorithm identifies which linear function it is. The linearity test combines the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm and amplitude amplification, while the test to determine whether a function is symmetric uses projective measurements and amplitude amplification.
description: Replaced with published version
Association between number of children and carotid intima-media thickness in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Chat, Vylyny
name: Wu, Fen
name: Demmer, Ryan T.
name: Parvez, Faruque
name: Ahmed, Alauddin
name: Eunus, Mahbub
name: Hasan, Rabiul
name: Nahar, Jabun
name: Shaheen, Ishrat
name: Sarwar, Golam
name: Desvarieux, Moïse
name: Ahsan, Habibul
name: Chen, Yu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Epidemiology
Public health
Cardiovascular system--Diseases--Risk factors
Pregnancy
Children--Health risk assessment
Atherosclerosis--Risk factors
Environmental health

description: Previous studies on the association between number of children and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were limited to Western populations. Pregnancy in women is associated with physiologic changes that may influence the risk of cardiovascular disease. Comparing the association between number of children and cIMT in men and women can provide insights on whether the association may be due to pregnancy. We investigated the association between number of children and cIMT among 718 female (mean age 37.5 years) and 417 male participants (mean age 41.3 years), randomly selected from the Health Effect of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS), a population-based cohort study in Bangladesh. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the association and to control for education attainment, history of diabetes, age, smoking, betel use, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The average number of children was 4.43 for women and 3.74 for men. There were no nulliparous women. We observed a positive association between number of children and cIMT in women. Mean cIMT increased by 4.5 μm (95% CI, 0.8–8.1) per increment of one birth (P = 0.02). Compared to women with two children, cIMT in women with 4 children and ≥5 children was 23.6μm (95%CI, 2.6–44.7; P = 0.03) and 25.1 μm (95%CI, 3.5–46.6; P = 0.02) greater, respectively. The association was not modified by BMI, SBP, betel use or age. Data in men showed no evidence of association (P = 0.4). The finding suggests a role of high parity in atherosclerosis in women of a low-income, high parity population.
Journalists and Safety Training: Experiences and Opinions
Creators: name: Shapiro, Bruce A.
name: Newman, Elana
name: Slaughter, Autumn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Journalism
Journalists
Journalists--Training of
Journalists--Protection

description: Over the last generation, safety trainings (sometimes known as Hostile Environment and First Aid Training or HEFAT) have been widely embraced by the news industry as a means of preparing journalists to cover conflict, crisis and other potentially dangerous assignments. Yet the effectiveness, relevance and usefulness of such trainings – both generally and in terms of specific content and approaches – have not been independently assessed.

For this reason, the Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma, a project of the Graduate School of Journalism at Columbia University, surveyed a wide range of journalists around the world about the safety trainings they attended, the skills they acquired and the gaps between these trainings and their professional needs on the ground. From October 2016 to February 2017, 247 journalists completed the survey, which was conducted by the Dart Center’s research lab housed at The University of Tulsa Department of Psychology.

This report, prepared by an interdisciplinary team of researchers in psychology, occupational safety and journalism practice, details the survey results. We make no attempt to evaluate particular commercial or nonprofit safety training providers. Instead, this report examines the various approaches to journalism safety training; how journalists assess their training experiences; and the systematic gaps and other issues suggested by their assessments.
The Selective Fossilization Hypothesis, Focus on Form, and the Second Language Classroom: Future Possibilities
Creators: name: Combs, Charles Homer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Fossilization (Linguistics)
Second language acquisition--Research

description: The questions of how and when (if at all) to treat the potentially fossilizable linguistic features in the second language (L2) classroom have occupied second language researchers and practitioners since Selinker (1972) brought the concept of fossilization to the fore.
Four-Photon (In)Distinguishability Transition
Creators: name: Tichy, Malte C.
name: Lim, Hyang-Tag
name: Ra, Young-Sik
name: Mintert, Florian
name: Kim, Yoon-Ho
name: Buchleitner, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the conspiration of many-particle interferences of different degree to determine the transmission of four photons of tunable indistinguishability through a four-port beam splitter array. The probability of certain output events depends non-monotonically on the degree of distinguishability, due to distinct multi-particle interference contributions to the transmission signal.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, text improved
The Selective Fossilization Hypothesis and its Putative Implications for Second Language Teaching
Creators: name: Qi, Shaoyan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Second language acquisition--Research
Applied linguistics
Fossilization (Linguistics)
English language--Study and teaching

description: Issues of learnability and teachability of linguistic features have long been a core interest in instructed second language acquisition (SLA) research. Following Lyster and Ranta (1998), a great deal of empirical work has approached second language (L2) teachability by investigating the efficacy of all types of corrective feedback (e.g., oral recasts, elicitation, repetition) vis-à-vis the acquisition of L2 English structures such as third-person singular -s, past tense ending -ed, and the use of first mention a/an. That said, the choice of these linguistic targets appears to be quite arbitrary. In other words, they were chosen because they were “thought” to be somewhat unlearnable, often without further explanation as to how the estimated level of learnability was determined. In this light, Han’s (2009) Selective Fossilization Hypothesis (SFH) seems promising in informing L2 teaching practices, as it approaches the learnability issue – generally believed to be the flipside of the phenomenon of fossilization – both a priori and a posteriori.
Estimating parameters of coalescing compact binaries with a detector network including LIGO Australia
Creators: name: Aylott, Benjamin
name: Farr, Benjamin
name: Kalogera, Vassiliki
name: Mandel, Ilya
name: Raymond, Vivien
name: Rodriguez, Carl
name: van der Sluys, Marc
name: Vecchio, Alberto
name: Veitch, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the goals of gravitational-wave astronomy is simultaneous detection of gravitational-wave signals from merging compact-object binaries and the electromagnetic transients from these mergers. With the next generation of advanced ground-based gravitational wave detectors under construction, we examine the benefits of the proposed extension of the detector network to include a fourth site in Australia in addition to the network of Hanford, Livingston and Cascina sites. Using Bayesian parameter-estimation analyses of simulated gravitational-wave signals from a range of coalescing-binary locations and orientations, we study the improvement in parameter estimation. We find that an Australian detector can break degeneracies in several parameters; in particular, the localization of the source on the sky is improved by a factor of ~4, with more modest improvements in distance and binary inclination estimates. This enhanced ability to localize sources on the sky will be crucial in any search for electromagnetic counterparts to detected gravitational-wave signals.
description: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors due to very extensive changes from the original version. Please see the paper "Estimating parameters of coalescing compact binaries with proposed advanced detector networks"
Rethinking Residual Confounding Bias Reduction: Why Vanilla hdPS Alone is No Longer Enough
Creators: name: Karim, Mohammad Ehsanul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: hdPS
TMLE
Superlearner

description: Health studies that use administrative databases often lack complete information on confounders. On the other hand, a large number of additional diagnoses, procedures, and medication codes that are regularly recorded in healthcare encounters, are not used in epidemiological studies, due to their perceived lack of relevance to the study question. To address this residual confounding problem, researchers have developed the high-dimensional propensity score (hdPS) algorithm. This algorithm allows researchers to leverage this additional information as proxies for unmeasured and mis-measured covariates, which can help reduce residual confounding bias in the estimation of treatment effects. Since the hdPS algorithm deals with massive amounts of information, machine learning variable selection methods are proposed as an alternative. These methods have been shown to be effective in reducing bias, but it remains a challenge to estimate variance correctly in this context. Even doubly robust or targeted maximum likelihood estimators (TMLE) can struggle with this issue. To address this problem, we designed a simulation study to compare the performance of methods of the following categories: (1) vanilla hdPS, (2) machine learning and hybrid alternatives proposed in the literature, and (3) TMLE versions with two sets of candidate learners for super learning. We will evaluate these methods in terms of bias, variance (both model-based and empirical), and coverage. We will present a nationally representative analysis as a motivating example, explain how this study fits into the literature so far, and provide practical recommendations for practitioners based on our findings.
Time-resolved imaging of magnetoelectric domain switching in multiferroic MnWO4
Creators: name: Hoffmann, T.
name: Thielen, P.
name: Becker, P.
name: Bohaty, L.
name: Fiebig, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By an electrical-pump--optical-probe technique we show that the electric-field-induced reversal of the magnetic order parameter in multiferroic MnWO$_4$ occurs on the time scale of milliseconds and maintains a rigid coupling of the magnetization to the magnetically induced electric polarization. The temporal progression of the spatially resolved domain structure was imaged with nanosecond resolution by optical second harmonic generation and compared to the quasi-static domain reversal. A qualitative model gives an estimate of why the magnetoelectric order-parameter reversal in the magnetically induced ferroelectrics is not inherently ultrafast.
The Fossilization-Formula Interface
Creators: name: Hall, Timothy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Fossilization (Linguistics)
Second language acquisition--Research
Interlanguage (Language learning)

description: The construct of fossilization has enjoyed considerable scrutiny over nearly four decades of second language acquisition (SLA) research. In contrast, the phenomena of formulaic expressions (FEs), which are multi-word language chunks processed as a whole, have historically attracted only marginal interest in the field of SLA especially given the long-standing influence of the generative-nativist paradigm and its focus on discrete morphosyntactic constituents. Recently, FEs have been reevaluated with regard to interlanguage use and potential for contributing to interlanguage development (N. Ellis, 2002; Van Lancker Sidtis, 2009; Wray, 2000). This resurgence in interest auspiciously coincides with Han’s (2009) publication of Interlanguage and fossilization: Towards an analytic model with potentially fruitful repercussions. It is suggested here that cultivating an SLA perspective on FEs in tandem with Han’s analytic model on fossilization may prove useful in two ways: (1) FEs may provide a useful testing ground for the scope and predictions about fossilizable structures made by the analytic model, and (2) the model might provide a clearer understanding of how various types of FEs are used by L2 learners and develop in the interlanguage.
Entropy Production and Thermal Conductivity of A Dilute Gas
Creators: name: Zhang, Yong-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that the thermal conductivity of a dilute gas can be derived by using kinetic theory. We present here a new derivation by starting with two known entropy production principles: the steepest entropy ascent (SEA) principle and the maximum entropy production (MEP) principle. A remarkable feature of the new derivation is that it does not require the specification of the existence of the temperature gradient. The known result is reproduced in a similar form.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Constructing the earth as Sanctuary : priesthood and temple in the Apocalypse of John
Creators: name: Tse, Timothy B.
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: Revelation
Apocalypse
John
Temple
Bible
New Testament
Priest
Priesthood
Sanctuary
Tabernacle
Thirdspace
Apocalyptic literature
Critical space theory
Relevance theory
Resistance theory
Conceptual metaphor theory
Holy war
Visionary world

description: Although it has long been noted that John uses language drawn from the Hebrew Bible’s descriptions of YHWH’s dwelling place (namely the Tabernacle and various iterations of the Temple, hereafter collectively referred to as the “Sanctuary”) and its priests, scholars have overlooked the importance of his spatial transformation of that language. I fill this lacuna by using Relevance Theory, Resistance Theory, Critical Space Theory, and Conceptual Metaphor Theory, to demonstrate that a significant part of John’s apocalyptic strategy of resistance is to re-present his vision to his audience spatially, so that they can experience a divinely ordained alternative to the world in which they live. In doing so, John attempts to relegate their experience of space to his revelation of space. Specifically, John’s description of the visionary world creates the metaphors “the earth is a Sanctuary” and “the Saints are its priests.” Under this view, life on earth must be evaluated according to the concerns of the Sanctuary, which by definition requires the removal of everything impure (i.e., Satan, Babylon, and their followers). In the same way, the Saints (namely all Christians in both the historic and visionary worlds) must take priestly responsibility for the earth. Therefore, John portrays the Saints joining in the removal of all impurity upon the earth by fighting, as priests, in God and the Lamb’s war against Satan, Babylon, and all her impurities. After all, ancient priests do not join the battleline, but by maintaining purity and through their prayers, they effect victory in battle and conquer their enemies. Overall, John means to realign the church’s experience of space, so that they understand themselves as priests of the Sanctuary, and to live according to that reality.
First Language Influence and Fossilization in Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition
Creators: name: Chen, Cheng-Ling
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Second language acquisition--Research
Fossilization (Linguistics)

description: While a considerable amount of second language acquisition (SLA) research has focused on the acquisition process itself, another strand of research has specialized in investigating the fossilization of specific linguistic features. Han’s (2009) Selective Fossilization Hypothesis (SFH), an analytic model that seeks to account for both the acquisitional and fossilizable potential of linguistic features, is a unique attempt to make sense of fossilizable forms by probing into factors purportedly promoting fossilization in the acquisition process.
Pac-bayesian bounds for sparse regression estimation with exponential weights
Creators: name: Alquier, Pierre
name: Lounici, Karim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Primary: 62J07, Secondary: 62J05, 62G08, 62F15, 62B10, 68T05

description: We consider the sparse regression model where the number of parameters $p$ is larger than the sample size $n$. The difficulty when considering high-dimensional problems is to propose estimators achieving a good compromise between statistical and computational performances. The BIC estimator for instance performs well from the statistical point of view \cite{BTW07} but can only be computed for values of $p$ of at most a few tens. The Lasso estimator is solution of a convex minimization problem, hence computable for large value of $p$. However stringent conditions on the design are required to establish fast rates of convergence for this estimator. Dalalyan and Tsybakov \cite{arnak} propose a method achieving a good compromise between the statistical and computational aspects of the problem. Their estimator can be computed for reasonably large $p$ and satisfies nice statistical properties under weak assumptions on the design. However, \cite{arnak} proposes sparsity oracle inequalities in expectation for the empirical excess risk only. In this paper, we propose an aggregation procedure similar to that of \cite{arnak} but with improved statistical performances. Our main theoretical result is a sparsity oracle inequality in probability for the true excess risk for a version of exponential weight estimator. We also propose a MCMC method to compute our estimator for reasonably large values of $p$.
description: 19 pages
MPEC 2023-H237 : COMET C/2020 H11 (PANSTARRS-Lemmon)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: COMET C/2020 H11 (PANSTARRS-Lemmon)

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) transvaalensis Nesbitt 1951
Creators: name: Argolo, Poliane Sá
name: Vital Santos, Renata M.
name: Leão Bittencourt, Maria A.
name: Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C.
name: De Moraes, Gilberto J.
name: Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus transvaalensis

description: Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) transvaalensis (Nesbitt, 1951)
 Kampimodromus transvaalensis Nesbitt, 1951: 55.
 Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) transvaalensis.––Moraes et al., 2004: 355; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 169. Records in Bahia: Typhlodromus transvaalensis.–– Souza et al., 2012: 225, 2015: 104.
description: Published as part of Argolo, Poliane Sá, Vital Santos, Renata M., Leão Bittencourt, Maria A., Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C., De Moraes, Gilberto J. & Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan, 2017, Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with tropical ornamental plants, with a checklist and a key to the species of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 345-364 in Zootaxa 4258 (4) on page 356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/570106
Written Corrective Feedback as a Means to Validate the Selective Fossilization Hypothesis: Issues to Consider
Creators: name: Shin, Hye Won
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Fossilization (Linguistics)
Second language acquisition

description: Since Selinker (1972) coined the term fossilization to characterize the phenomenon in which second language (L2) learners cease to progress in the acquisition process, much effort (e.g., Bates & MacWhinney, 1981; Krashen, 1981, cited in Han & Odlin, 2006) has been made to research instances of such premature stabilization of deviant L2 forms both within and across learners. Nonetheless, as Birdsong (2003, cited in Han & Odlin, 2006) aptly points out, the term has been (mis)used by many simply as a “catch-all” term, i.e., a handy metaphor for describing any lack of progress in L2 learning, regardless of its nature. It is therefore not surprising that little has been achieved as far as the development of a comprehensive analytic model throughout almost forty years of fossilization research. Against this background, Han (2009) proposes the Selective Fossilization Hypothesis (SFH), seeking to account for the fossilizability of target L2 structures through establishing: (1) empirically operationalizable variables (i.e., first language (L1) markedness and L2 input robustness) and subvariables (i.e., frequency and variability); (2) a first-of-its-kind analytiical model of fossilization, whose “boundary conditions” still require further investigation.
Impurity seeding for radiative power exhaust in the W7-X island divertor
Creators: name: Effenberg, Florian
name: Brezinsek, Sebastijan
name: Feng, Yühe
name: Jakubowski, Marcin
name: König, Ralf
name: Krychowiak, Maciej
name: Niemann, Holger
name: Reimold, Felix
name: Schmitz, Oliver
name: Zhang, Daihong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: stellarator
island divertor
divertor
detachment
impurity seeding
w7-x
detachment control
scrape-off layer
emc3-eirene
power exhaust
heat flux
nuclear fusion
fusion energy
plasma physics

description: The impact of intrinsic and actively injected impurities on plasma edge conditions is crucial for optimizing fusion devices like Wendelstein 7-X. The 3D magnetic structure of the scrape-off layer (SOL) plays an essential role in determining the effect of impurities on the plasma edge. It is significant to align active gas injection with the island divertor geometry to improve effectiveness, as injected gases can manipulate neutral fueling behavior and steer heat flux, thereby facilitating improved fueling in fusion devices. Numerical analysis with EMC3-EIRENE and experiments were employed to investigate the impact of radiative edge cooling by impurities on transport in the plasma SOL and at the core-edge interface. Injection of nitrogen and neon in the plasma edge caused a reduction in edge temperature and enhanced radiation, with nitrogen demonstrating a faster response compared to neon. Initial experiments with island divertors highlighted the importance of gas injection location with respect to the island geometry, a finding confirmed by simulations. [F. Effenberg et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion 59 106020DOI 10.1088/1741-4326/ab32c4]
description: 19th Coordinated Working Group Meeting, Berlin 03/12/2019; https://www.ipp.mpg.de/cwgm2019 https://www.ipp.mpg.de/4612574/19thCWGM_Agenda_ver_11_a.pdf
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion, and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Response, for the Lower Clear Creek Floodplain and Stream Channel Restoration project, Phase 3C
title: Lower Clear Creek Floodplain and Stream Channel Restoration Project, Phase 3C Redding
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Year: 2019

description: ESA Section 7 Consultation; WCRO-2019-01994
Attention, Awareness, and Noticing: The Role of Consciousness and the Selective Fossilization Hypothesis
Creators: name: Jung, Ji-Yung
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Second language acquisition--Research
Interlanguage (Language learning)
Fossilization (Linguistics)

description: Learning a second language (L2) is a complex and variable process. Unlike first language (L1) acquisition, second language acquisition (SLA) is often marked by an interlanguage (IL) consisting of fragmentary, incomplete knowledge to varying degrees in different linguistic domains (e.g., morphosyntax, phonology, and semantics), with only occasional, piecemeal success as far as complete acquisition is concerned. Selinker (1972) was the first one in the field of SLA to use the term fossilization to refer to such premature stabilization of L2 deviant forms. Since then, fossilization research has remained a cornerstone of the field, constantly shedding light on and/or fueling the advances in related subareas, such as L2 learnability and teachability.
Total-Variation-Diminishing Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta Methods for the Simulation of Double-Diffusive Convection in Astrophysics
Creators: name: Kupka, Friedrich
name: Happenhofer, Natalie
name: Higueras, Inmaculada
name: Koch, Othmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M06, 65M08, 65M20, 65L05, 76F65

description: We put forward the use of total-variation-diminishing (or more generally, strong stability preserving) implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta methods for the time integration of the equations of motion associated with the semiconvection problem in the simulation of stellar convection. The fully compressible Navier-Stokes equation, augmented by continuity and total energy equations, and an equation of state describing the relation between the thermodynamic quantities, is semi-discretized in space by essentially non-oscillatory schemes and dissipative finite difference methods. It is subsequently integrated in time by Runge-Kutta methods which are constructed such as to preserve the total variation diminishing (or strong stability) property satisfied by the spatial discretization coupled with the forward Euler method. We analyse the stability, accuracy and dissipativity of the time integrators and demonstrate that the most successful methods yield a substantial gain in computational efficiency as compared to classical explicit Runge-Kutta methods.
description: 45 pages, 17 figures, 12 tables, accepted for publication in Journal of Computational Physics
Are Grammatical Morphemes Hard or Soft?
Creators: name: Jung, Jookyoung
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Second language acquisition--Research
Morphemics

description: For the past few decades, one of the most persistent criticisms against second language acquisition (SLA) research has been the derivative nature of its origin in establishing its theoretical and methodological foundation. That being the case, the phenomenon of fossilization, i.e., the cessation of learning in a second language (L2), has been a central interest of study unique to the field of SLA, to which most, if not all, hypotheses and research on adult L2 learning are ultimately linked. In this connection, the Selective Fossilization Hypothesis (SFH) proposed by Han (2009) demonstrates its potential to account for a wide spectrum of issues related to fossilization, thus deepening our understanding of SLA in general and fossilization in particular. Simply put, the SFH is promising in that it not only accounts for the previous research findings a posteriori, but also predicts selectively fossilizable features a priori on the basis of the interaction of first language (L1) markedness and L2 input robustness.
Filling In the Missing Piece in Research on Lexicalization Patterns
Creators: name: Noguchi, Hiromi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Second language acquisition--Research
Interlanguage (Language learning)
Lexicology

description: For more than a decade, studies on second language (L2) lexicalization patterns of motion events have examined crosslinguistic differences in encoding semantic elements (e.g., motions, paths, manners) into surface forms (e.g., verbs, prepositions, adverbial clauses). Ultimately, these studies examine the transferability of the L1 form-meaning relationships to interlangauge (IL), claiming that there is an underlying influence of first language (L1) based cognition on L2 acquisition (for a review of previous studies, see Slobin, 2004). This claim of L1 cognitive influence arose from the perspective of linguistic relativity, specifically from Slobin’s (1996) thinking for speaking hypothesis, which asserts that linguistic demands influence how speakers conceptualize motion events.
Stability of Boolean and continuous dynamics
Creators: name: Ghanbarnejad, Fakhteh
name: Klemm, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Regulatory dynamics in biology is often described by continuous rate equations for continuously varying chemical concentrations. Binary discretization of state space and time leads to Boolean dynamics. In the latter, the dynamics has been called unstable if flip perturbations lead to damage spreading. Here we find that this stability classification strongly differs from the stability properties of the original continuous dynamics under small perturbations of the state vector. In particular, random networks of nodes with large sensitivity yield stable dynamics under small perturbations.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
The phase diagram of 2D polar condensates in a magnetic field
Creators: name: James, A. J. A.
name: Lamacraft, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin one condensates in the polar (antiferromagnetic) phase in two dimensions are shown to undergo a transition of the Ising type, in addition to the expected Kosterlitz--Thouless (KT) transition of half vortices, due to the quadratic Zeeman effect. We establish the phase diagram in terms of temperature and the strength of the Zeeman effect using Monte Carlo simulations. When the Zeeman effect is sufficiently strong the Ising and KT transitions merge. For very strong Zeeman field the remaining transition is of the familiar integer KT type.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures