cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Gravity Dual of RHIC Collisions
Creators: name: Shuryak, E.
name: Sin, Sang-Jin
name: Zahed, Ismail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence we discuss the gravity dual of a heavy-ion-like collision in a variant of ${\cal N}=4$ SYM. We provide a gravity dual picture of the entire process using a model where the scattering process creates initially a holographic shower in bulk AdS. The subsequent gravitational fall leads to a moving black hole that is gravity dual to the expanding and cooling heavy-ion fireball. The front of the fireball cools at the rate of $1/τ$, while the core cools as $1/\sqrtτ$ from a cosmological-like argument. The cooling is faster than Bjorken cooling. The fireball freezes when the dual black hole background is replaced by a confining background through the Hawking-Page transition.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures, Added references, Falling picture elucidated
Multifunctional agriculture: The effect of non-public good on socially optimal policies
Creators: name: Ollikainen, Markku
name: Lankoski, Jussi E.
name: Ollikainen, Markku
name: Lankoski, Jussi E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: We develop a general framework for multifunctional agriculture, which includes not only public goods but also rural viability as a non-public good item. We contribute to the literature in two ways. First, we demonstrate how the broader definition of multifunctional agriculture differs from the agri-environmental multifunctionality, and how agri-environmental policy should be reformed to include these aspects. We show that rural viability entails adjusting fertilizer tax and buffer strip subsidy below their first-best Pigouvian levels to reflect the direct and indirect employment effects of agricultural production. Moreover, we show that when non-agricultural land use is present, an additional, non-agricultural instrument is needed to adjust the amount of land allocated to agriculture to its optimal level. In a parametric model calibrated to Finnish agricultural conditions and Finnish valuation of agri-environmental amenities and rural viability, we assess how the socially optimal provision of non-public good multifunctionality relates the socially optimal agri-environmental multifunctionality.
Abatement costs for agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus loads: a case study of South-Western Finland
Creators: name: Koikkalainen, Kauko
name: Laukkanen, Marita
name: Helin, Janne
name: Koikkalainen, Kauko
name: Laukkanen, Marita
name: Helin, Janne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Designing efficient agri-environmental policies for agricultural nutrient load reductions calls for information on the costs of emission reduction measures. This study develops an empirical framework for estimating abatement costs for nutrient loading from agricultural land. Nitrogen abatement costs and the phosphorus load reductions associated with nitrogen abatement are derived for crop farming in southern Finland. The model is used to evaluate the effect of the Common Agricultural Policy reform currently underway on nutrient abatement costs. Results indicate that an efficiently designed policy aimed at a 50 % reduction in agricultural nitrogen load would cost $25 to $28 million, or $1995 to $2197 per farm.
Numerical evaluation of iterated integrals related to elliptic Feynman integrals
Creators: name: Walden, Moritz
name: Weinzierl, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an implementation within GiNaC to evaluate iterated integrals related to elliptic Feynman integrals numerically to arbitrary precision within the region of convergence of the series expansion of the integrand. The implementation includes iterated integrals of modular forms as well as iterated integrals involving the Kronecker coefficient functions $g^{(k)}(z,τ)$. For the Kronecker coefficient functions iterated integrals in $dτ$ and $dz$ are implemented. This includes elliptic multiple polylogarithms.
description: 37 pages, v2: version to be published
Komponierte Perspektive: Fokalisierung und musikalischer Raum in den Opern von Richard Strauss
Creators: name: Lehner, Michael
Publisher: name: (:null)
Year: 2023
Subjects: BH Aesthetics
M Music
PD Germanic languages

description: «Aus dem Gesichtswinkel der Marschallin» wollten Strauss und Hofmannsthal «das ganze bunte Abenteuer» des Rosenkavaliers dem Publikum präsentieren. Sie sei – obwohl fast zwei ganze Akte nicht auf der Bühne – die eigentliche Identifikationsfigur. An dieser Denkfigur lässt sich ein Wesenszug des Musiktheaters von Strauss zeigen: Es ist das Bestreben, das Bühnengeschehen musikalisch unterschiedlich zu perspektivieren und dabei einerseits gewisse Figuren wechselnd zu Wahrnehmungsfiltern werden zu lassen, andererseits den Bühnenraum multiperspektivisch aufzufächern. Ausgehend von Theoriebildungen der Narratologie, der Dramentheorie der Film- und Musikwissenschaften wird eine eigene musiktheatrale Begriffsbestimmung musikalischer Fokalisierung und Perspektivierung vorgestellt und analytisch angewendet. Ziel ist es, wesentlich Charakteristika der «Straussischen Moderne» (Adorno) aufzuzeigen und neue Verstehenszugänge zu seiner Musik zu gewinnen.
Twistor cosmology and quantum space-time
Creators: name: Brody, Dorje C.
name: Hughston, Lane. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this paper is to present a model of a quantum space-time in which the global symmetries of space-time are unified in a coherent manner with the internal symmetries associated with the state space of quantum-mechanics. If we take into account the fact that these distinct families of symmetries should in some sense merge and become essentially indistinguishable in the unified regime, our framework may provide an approximate description of or elementary model for the structure of the universe at early times.
description: 40 pages, 12 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the XIX-th Max Born Symposium
Investment and the Dynamic Cost of Income Uncertainty: the Case of Diminishing Expectations in Agriculture
Creators: name: Heikkinen, Tiina
name: Pietola, Kyosti
name: Heikkinen, Tiina
name: Pietola, Kyosti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This paper studies optimal investment and the dynamic cost of income uncertainty, applying a stochastic programming approach. The motivation is given by a case study in Finnish agriculture. Investment decision is modelled as a Markov decision process, extended to account for risk. A numerical framework for studying the dynamic uncertainty cost is presented, modifying the classical expected value of perfect information to a dynamic setting. The uncertainty cost depends on the volatility of income; e.g. with stationary income, the dynamic uncertainty cost corresponds to a dynamic option value of postponing investment. The numerical investment model also yields the optimal investment behavior of a representative farm. The model can be applied e.g. in planning investment subsidies for maintaining target investments. In the case study, the investment decision is sensitive to risk.
Time-symmetric fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems
Creators: name: Maes, Christian
name: van Wieren, Maarten H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For nonequilibrium steady states, we identify observables whose fluctuations satisfy a general symmetry and for which a new reciprocity relation can be shown. Unlike the situation in recently discussed fluctuation theorems, these observables are time-reversal symmetric. That is essential for exploiting the fluctuation symmetry beyond linear response theory. Besides time-reversal, a crucial role is played by the reversal of the driving fields, that further resolves the space-time action. In particular, the time-symmetric part in the space-time action determines second order effects of the nonequilibrium driving.
description: 4 pages
Conclusion
Creators: name: Newbold, D.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs
Year: 2022

description: • In accordance with the recommendations of the 2020 update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the European Laboratory Directors Group has completed a year-long process to determine the status and prospects of particle accelerator R&D in five key areas, and has proposed R&D objectives for the next five-to-ten years with an outline delivery plan to achieve them. The analysis and planning have been conducted by five expert panels, with membership from the European and international field. The panels have in turn consulted with a wide cross-section of the accelerator physics and particle physics communities, and relied upon their input and views for the identification, prioritisation and organisation of the future work plan. • This report therefore represents the view of the community within the five areas considered, whilst acknowledging that the future R&D programme will exist in the context of many other activities and demands on the resources of the field. The LDG has made ten recommendations concerning the future adoption and prioritisation of the roadmap, along with observations on the implementation and governance of the programme. It is our hope that the European accelerator physics community, in concert with the international partners, will use the Roadmap as a platform to move swiftly forwards into a new era of ambitious, cooperative, fundamental and applied R&D, and follow current projects such as Hl-LHC with increasingly rapid progress towards future generations of sustainable particle accelerators. The delivery of the facilities foreseen in the European Strategy, and the potential for future scientific discoveries in the long term, depends on it.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs, Vol. 1 (2022): European Strategy for Particle Physics - Accelerator R&D Roadmap
Data Stewardship Fundamentals: Module 1, Introduction to Data
Creators: name: Barry, Nene Djenaba
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Slides used for Data Stewardship Fundamentals training held by Digital Learning Hub (DLH) on 27, 28 June 2024.

Link to training: https://dlh.lu/product/data-stewardship-fundamentals/
Morphological evolution of supermassive black hole merger hosts and multimessenger signatures
Creators: name: DeGraf, Colin
name: Sijacki, Debora
name: Di Matteo, Tiziana
name: Holley-Bockelmann, Kelly
name: Snyder, Greg
name: Springel, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With projects such as Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and Pulsar Timing Arrays expected to detect gravitational waves from supermassive black hole mergers in the near future, it is key that we understand what we expect those detections to be, and maximize what we can learn from them. To address this, we study the mergers of supermassive black holes in the Illustris simulation, the overall rate of mergers, and the correlation between merging black holes and their host galaxies. We find that these mergers occur in typical galaxies along the $M_{\rm{BH}}-M_*$ relation, and that between LISA and PTAs we expect to probe the full range of galaxy masses. As galaxy mergers can trigger increased star formation, we find that galaxies hosting low-mass black hole mergers tend to show a slight increase in star formation rates compared to a mass-matched sample. However, high-mass merger hosts have typical star formation rates, due to a combination of low gas fractions and powerful AGN feedback. Although minor black hole mergers do not correlate with disturbed morphologies, major mergers (especially at high-masses) tend to show morphological evidence of recent galaxy mergers which survives for ~500 Myr. This is on the same scale as the infall/hardening time of the merging black holes, suggesting that electromagnetic followups to gravitational wave signals may not be able to observe this correlation. We further find that incorporating a realistic timescale delay for the black hole mergers could shift the distribution of merger masses toward higher-masses, decreasing the rate of LISA detections while increasing the rate of PTA detections.
description: 14 pages, 17 figures. Published in MNRAS
On the condensed density of the generalized eigenvalues of pencils of Hankel Gaussian random matrices and applications
Creators: name: Barone, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 15A52, 44A60

description: Pencils of Hankel matrices whose elements have a joint Gaussian distribution with nonzero mean and not identical covariance are considered. An approximation to the distribution of the squared modulus of their determinant is computed which allows to get a closed form approximation of the condensed density of the generalized eigenvalues of the pencils. Implications of this result for solving several moments problems are discussed and some numerical examples are provided.
description: 30 pages, 16 figures, better approximations provided
INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Pal, Suresh
name: Mruthyunjaya
name: Joshi, P.K.
name: Saxena, Raka
name: Pal, Suresh
name: Mruthyunjaya
name: Joshi, P.K.
name: Saxena, Raka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Industrial Organization
International Development

description: Globalization, privatization and scientific advancements pose new challenges and opportunities for the development of Indian agriculture. The emerging paradigm shifts focus to creation and application of new knowledge for agricultural development and global competitiveness. To facilitate this shift and realize greater economic efficiency, a new set of responsive institutions should emerge. This volume discusses the direction of institutional change in Indian agriculture. The roles of the state, markets and collective actions are examined for evolving the knowledge-intensive agriculture. The contributed papers from a number of leading researchers cover the institutions for R&D, land and water resources, credit, marketing, trade and agro-processing.
Emission and absorption asymmetry in the quantum noise of a Josephson junction
Creators: name: Billangeon, P. -M.
name: Pierre, F.
name: Bouchiat, H.
name: Deblock, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure current fluctuations of mesoscopic devices in the quantum regime, when the frequency is of the order of or higher than the applied voltage or temperature. Detection is designed to probe separately the absorption and emission contributions of current fluctuations, i.e. the positive and negative frequencies of the Fourier transformed nonsymmetrized noise correlator. It relies on measuring the quasiparticles photon assisted tunneling current across a superconductor-insulator-superconductor junction (the detector junction) caused by the excess current fluctuations generated by quasiparticles tunneling across a Josephson junction (the source junction). We demonstrate unambiguously that the negative and positive frequency parts of the nonsymmetrized noise correlator are separately detected and that the excess current fluctuations of a voltage biased Josephson junction present a strong asymmetry between emission and absorption.
description: Revtex4, 4 figures
Dynamics and Decay of Heavy-Light Hadrons
Creators: name: Close, F. E.
name: Swanson, E. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent signals for narrow hadrons containing heavy and light flavours are compared with quark model predictions for spectroscopy, strong decays, and radiative transitions. In particular, the production and identification of excited charmed and cs states are examined with emphasis on elucidating the nature of $0^+$ and $1^+$ states. Roughly 200 strong decay amplitudes of $D$ and $D_s$ states up to 3.3 GeV are presented. Applications include determining flavour content in $η$ mesons and the mixing angle in $P$ and $D$ wave states and probes of putative molecular states. We advocate searching for radially excited $D_s^*$ states in B decays.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, revtex. A numerical error is corrected. Some strong decay rates have changed
Multidimensional Supernova Simulations with Approximative Neutrino Transport I. Neutron Star Kicks and the Anisotropy of Neutrino-Driven Explosions in Two Spatial Dimensions
Creators: name: Scheck, L.
name: Kifonidis, K.
name: Janka, H. -Th.
name: Mueller, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of two-dimensional (2D) simulations we study hydrodynamic instabilities during the first seconds of neutrino-driven supernova explosions, using a PPM hydrodynamics code, supplemented with a gray, non-equilibrium approximation of radial neutrino transport. We consider three 15 solar mass progenitors with different structures and one rotating model, in which we replace the dense core of the newly formed neutron star (NS) by a contracting inner grid boundary, and trigger neutrino-driven explosions by systematically varying the neutrino fluxes emitted at this boundary. Confirming more idealized studies as well as supernova simulations with spectral transport, we find that random seed perturbations can grow by hydrodynamic instabilities to a globally asymmetric mass distribution, leading to a dominance of dipole (l=1) and quadrupole (l=2) modes in the explosion ejecta. Anisotropic gravitational and hydrodynamic forces are found to accelerate the NS on a timescale of 2-3 seconds. Since the explosion anisotropies develop chaotically, the magnitude of the corresponding kick varies stochastically in response to small differences in the fluid flow. Our more than 70 models separate into two groups, one with high and the other with low NS velocities and accelerations after 1s of post-bounce evolution, depending on whether the l=1 mode is dominant in the ejecta or not. This leads to a bimodality of the distribution when the NS velocities are extrapolated to their terminal values. The fast group has an average velocity of about 500 km/s and peak values in excess of 1000 km/s. Establishing a link to the measured distribution of pulsar velocities, however, requires a much larger set of calculations and ultimately 3D modeling. (abridged)
description: 40 pages, 28 figures; significantly shortened and revised version according to referee's comments; accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Electron-hole and plasmon excitations in 3d transition metals: Ab initio calculations and inelastic x-ray scattering measurements
Creators: name: Gurtubay, I. G.
name: Pitarke, J. M.
name: Ku, Wei
name: Eguiluz, A. G.
name: Larson, B. C.
name: Tischler, J.
name: Zschack, P.
name: Finkelstein, K. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report extensive all-electron time-dependent density-functional calculations and nonresonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements of the dynamical structure factor of 3d transition metals. For small wave vectors, a plasmon peak is observed which is well described by our calculations. At large wave vectors, both theory and experiment exhibit characteristic low-energy electron-hole excitations of d character which correlate with the presence of d bands below and above the Fermi level. Our calculations, which have been carried out in the random-phase and adiabatic local-density approximations, are found to be in remarkable agreement with the measured dynamical structure factor of Sc and Cr at energies below the semicore onset energy (M-edge) of these materials.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. B
THE FUNDING AND ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN INDIA: EVOLUTION AND EMERGING ISSUES
Creators: name: Pal, Suresh
name: Byerlee, Derek R.
name: Pal, Suresh
name: Byerlee, Derek R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper examines trends in sourcing and allocation of public funds to providers of agricultural research in India over the past three decades. The paper also discusses the emerging policy issues for agricultural research in India in the light of the increasing role of markets, growing participation of the private sector in research, rapid advances in science, and strengthening of intellectual property rights. The need for and measures of addressing organizational rigidities, inefficiencies, and difficulties in sustaining funding are also discussed.
Sustainability considerations
Creators: name: Roser, T.
name: Seidel, M.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs
Year: 2022

description: Scarcity of resources, along with climate change originating from the excessive exploitation of fossil energy are ever growing concerns for humankind. Particularly, the total electric power consumption of scientific facility operations will become more important as the reliance on fossil fuels is being reduced, carbon-neutral energy sources are still being developed and a larger part of the energy consumption is converted from fossil fuel to electric power. In our accelerator community we need to give high priority to the realisation of sustainable concepts, particularly when the next generation of large accelerator-based facilities is considered. Indeed, the much-increased performance–higher beam energy and intensity–of proposed new facilities comes together with anticipated increased electric power consumption. In the following we classify the most important development areas for sustainability of accelerator driven research infrastructures in three categories: technologies, concepts and general aspects. We suggest investing R&D efforts in these areas and to assess energy efficiency with an equal level of relevance as the classical performance parameters of the facilities under discussion.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs, Vol. 1 (2022): European Strategy for Particle Physics - Accelerator R&D Roadmap
SUMBT+LaRL: Effective Multi-domain End-to-end Neural Task-oriented Dialog System
Creators: name: Lee, Hwaran
name: Jo, Seokhwan
name: Kim, HyungJun
name: Jung, Sangkeun
name: Kim, Tae-Yoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The recent advent of neural approaches for developing each dialog component in task-oriented dialog systems has remarkably improved, yet optimizing the overall system performance remains a challenge. Besides, previous research on modeling complicated multi-domain goal-oriented dialogs in end-to-end fashion has been limited. In this paper, we present an effective multi-domain end-to-end trainable neural dialog system SUMBT+LaRL that incorporates two previous strong models and facilitates them to be fully differentiable. Specifically, the SUMBT+ estimates user-acts as well as dialog belief states, and the LaRL models latent system action spaces and generates responses given the estimated contexts. We emphasize that the training framework of three steps significantly and stably increase dialog success rates: separately pretraining the SUMBT+ and LaRL, fine-tuning the entire system, and then reinforcement learning of dialog policy. We also introduce new reward criteria of reinforcement learning for dialog policy training. Then, we discuss experimental results depending on the reward criteria and different dialog evaluation methods. Consequently, our model achieved the new state-of-the-art success rate of 85.4% on corpus-based evaluation, and a comparable success rate of 81.40% on simulator-based evaluation provided by the DSTC8 challenge. To our best knowledge, our work is the first comprehensive study of a modularized E2E multi-domain dialog system that learning from each component to the entire dialog policy for task success.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures. This paper is accepted for publication in IEEE Access
Local Field effects on the radiative lifetime of emitters in surrounding media: virtual- or real-cavity model?
Creators: name: Duan, Chang-Kui
name: Reid, Michael F.
name: Wang, Zhongqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For emitters embedded in media of various refractive indices, different macroscopic or microscopic theoretical models predict different dependencies of the spontaneous emission lifetime on refractive index. Among those models are the two most promising models: the virtual-cavity model and the real-cavity model. It is a priori not clear which model is more relevant for a given situation. By close analysis of the available experimental results and examining the assumptions underlying the two models, we reach a consistent interpretation of the experimental results and give the criteria which model should apply for a given situation.
description: 12 pages with 4 figures
The Limits and Potentials of Local SGD for Distributed Heterogeneous Learning with Intermittent Communication
Creators: name: Patel, Kumar Kshitij
name: Glasgow, Margalit
name: Zindari, Ali
name: Wang, Lingxiao
name: Cheng, Ziheng
name: Stich, Sebastian
name: Joshi, Nirmit
name: Srebro, Nathan
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: Local SGD is a popular optimization method in distributed learning, often outperforming mini-batch SGD. Despite this practical success, proving the efficiency of local SGD has been difficult, creating a significant gap between theory and practice. We provide new lower bounds for local SGD under existing first-order data heterogeneity assumptions, showing these assumptions can not capture local SGD’s effectiveness. We also demonstrate the min-max optimality of accelerated mini-batch SGD under these assumptions. Our findings emphasize the need for improved modeling of data heterogeneity. Under higher-order assumptions, we provide new upper bounds that verify the dominance of local SGD over mini-batch SGD when data heterogeneity is low.
Shock Breakout in Dense Circumstellar Material with Application to PS1-13arp
Creators: name: Haynie, Annastasia
name: Piro, Anthony L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shock breakout (SBO), the first expected electromagnetic signature of a supernova (SN), can be an important probe of the progenitors of these explosions. Unfortunately, SBO is difficult to capture with current surveys due to its brief timescale ($\lesssim 1\,$hr). However, SBO may be lengthened when dense circumstellar material (CSM) is present. Indeed, recent photometric modeling studies of SNe, as well as early spectroscopy, suggest that such dense CSM may be present more often than previously expected. If true, this should also affect the features of SBO. We present an exploration of the impact of such CSM interaction on the SBO width and luminosity using both analytic and numerical modeling, where we parameterize the CSM as a steady-state wind. We then compare this modeling to PS1-13arp, a SN that showed an early UV excess that has been argued to be SBO in dense CSM. We find PS1-13arp is well fit with a wind of mass $\sim 0.08\, M_{\odot}$ and radius $\sim 1900\, R_{\odot}$, parameters which are similar to, if not slightly less massive than, what have been inferred for Type II SNe using photometric modeling. This similarity suggests that future SBO observations of SNe~II may be easier to obtain than previously appreciated.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ on February 22, 2021
Determining Central Black Hole Masses in Distant Active Galaxies and Quasars. II. Improved Optical and UV Scaling Relationships
Creators: name: Vestergaard, M.
name: Peterson, B. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present four improved empirical relationships useful for estimating the central black hole mass in nearby AGNs and distant luminous quasars alike using either optical or UV single-epoch spectroscopy. These mass-scaling relationships between line widths and luminosity are based on recently improved empirical relationships between the broad-line region size and luminosities in various energy bands and are calibrated to the improved mass measurements of nearby AGNs based on emission-line reverberation mapping. The mass-scaling relationship based on the Hbeta line luminosity allows mass estimates for low-redshift sources with strong contamination of the optical continuum luminosity by stellar or non-thermal emission, while that based on the C IV lambda 1549 line dispersion allows mass estimates in cases where only the line dispersion (as opposed to the FWHM) can be reliably determined. We estimate that the absolute uncertainties in masses given by these mass-scaling relationships are typically around a factor of 4. We include in an Appendix mass estimates for all the Bright Quasar Survey (PG) quasars for which direct reverberation-based mass measurements are not available.
description: 48 pages including 12 figures and 7 tables. Accepted by ApJ
"Waves"/Jeans/MS, "A. Conditions of existence. Let a physical phenomenon be described by a wave of amplitude u(x,t) propagating in the x direction… B. Condition of reality… C. Condition of causation… D. Definition of s (?) for complex ?… E. Interpretation of s (?)… F. Investigation of s (µ)…"
Creators: name: Onsager, Lars
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0

description: Tidligere referanse: 12:171
Design, integration, and dynamical model of a multi-module deployable manipulator system (MDMS)
Creators: name: Wong, Ho-Keung Kenneth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis focuses on the mechanical design, development, mathematical dynamical model formulation, and demonstration of controlled operation of a Multi-module Deployable Manipulator System (MDMS). The new robot system can be used in ground-based as well as space-based operations. The system is composed of a mobile base supporting four modules connected in a chain topology. Each module consists of two links: one free to slew while the other permitted to deploy and retrieve. It is designed for future experimental investigations aimed at dynamics and control of this variable geometry manipulator by implementing different control algorithms to regulate its performance. The manipulator design involves the selection and sizing of actuators, the design of mounting and connecting components, and the selection of hardware as well as software for real-time control. The integration of computer control system components for the MDMS is also discussed in details. The governing equations of motion for the planar dynamics of the manipulator system are obtained using an 0(N) algorithm, based on the Lagrangian approach and velocity transformations. The 0(N) character is computationally efficient permitting real-time control of the system. A dynamical simulation program is written in C language. The accuracy of the formulation and the validity of the computer code can be verified through energy conservation tests. The classical Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control strategy is implemented to illustrate satisfactory operation of the designed system.
R&D programmes oriented towards specific future facilities
Creators: name: Burrows, P.N.
name: Faus-Golfe, A.
name: Schulte, D.
name: Stapnes, S.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs
Year: 2022

description: The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-TeV high-luminosity linear e+e− collider under development by the CLIC accelerator collaboration. The CLIC accelerator has been optimised for three energy stages at centre-of-mass energies 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV. Detailed studies of the physics potential and detector for CLIC, and R&D on detector technologies, have been carried out by the CLIC detector and physics (CLICdp) collaboration. CLIC provides excellent sensitivity to Beyond Standard Model physics, through direct searches and via a broad set of precision measurements of Standard Model processes, particularly in the Higgs and top-quark sectors.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs, Vol. 1 (2022): European Strategy for Particle Physics - Accelerator R&D Roadmap
Heatmap Regression via Randomized Rounding
Creators: name: Yu, Baosheng
name: Tao, Dacheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Heatmap regression has become the mainstream methodology for deep learning-based semantic landmark localization, including in facial landmark localization and human pose estimation. Though heatmap regression is robust to large variations in pose, illumination, and occlusion in unconstrained settings, it usually suffers from a sub-pixel localization problem. Specifically, considering that the activation point indices in heatmaps are always integers, quantization error thus appears when using heatmaps as the representation of numerical coordinates. Previous methods to overcome the sub-pixel localization problem usually rely on high-resolution heatmaps. As a result, there is always a trade-off between achieving localization accuracy and computational cost, where the computational complexity of heatmap regression depends on the heatmap resolution in a quadratic manner. In this paper, we formally analyze the quantization error of vanilla heatmap regression and propose a simple yet effective quantization system to address the sub-pixel localization problem. The proposed quantization system induced by the randomized rounding operation 1) encodes the fractional part of numerical coordinates into the ground truth heatmap using a probabilistic approach during training; and 2) decodes the predicted numerical coordinates from a set of activation points during testing. We prove that the proposed quantization system for heatmap regression is unbiased and lossless. Experimental results on popular facial landmark localization datasets (WFLW, 300W, COFW, and AFLW) and human pose estimation datasets (MPII and COCO) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for efficient and accurate semantic landmark localization. Code is available at http://github.com/baoshengyu/H3R.
description: To appear in TPAMI
Highly ionized iron absorption lines from outflowing gas in the X-ray spectrum of NGC 1365
Creators: name: Risaliti, G.
name: Bianchi, S.
name: Matt, G.
name: Baldi, A.
name: Elvis, M.
name: Fabbiano, G.
name: Zezas, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of four absorption lines in the X-ray spectrum of the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1365, at energies between 6.7 and 8.3 keV. The lines are detected with high statistical confidence (from >20sigma for the strongest to \~4sigma for the weakest) in two XMM-Newton observations 60 ksec long. We also detect the same lines, with lower signal-to-noise (but still >2sigma for each line) in two previous shorter (~10 ksec) XMM observations. The spectral analysis identifies these features as FeXXV and FeXXVI Kalpha and Kbeta lines, outflowing with velocities varying between ~1000 to ~5000 km/s among the observations. These are the highest quality detections of such lines so far. The high equivalent widths (EW(Kalpha)~100 eV) and the Kalpha/Kbeta ratios imply that the lines are due to absorption of the AGN continuum by a highly ionized gas with column density N_H~5x10^23 cm^{-2}
description: 15 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Detection and Parameter Estimation of Gravitational Waves from Binary Neutron-Star Mergers in Real LIGO Data using Deep Learning
Creators: name: Krastev, Plamen G.
name: Gill, Kiranjyot
name: Villar, V. Ashley
name: Berger, Edo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the key challenges of real-time detection and parameter estimation of gravitational waves from compact binary mergers is the computational cost of conventional matched-filtering and Bayesian inference approaches. In particular, the application of these methods to the full signal parameter space available to the gravitational-wave detectors, and/or real-time parameter estimation is computationally prohibitive. On the other hand, rapid detection and inference are critical for prompt follow-up of the electromagnetic and astro-particle counterparts accompanying important transients, such as binary neutron-star and black-hole neutron-star mergers. Training deep neural networks to identify specific signals and learn a computationally efficient representation of the mapping between gravitational-wave signals and their parameters allows both detection and inference to be done quickly and reliably, with high sensitivity and accuracy. In this work we apply a deep-learning approach to rapidly identify and characterize transient gravitational-wave signals from binary neutron-star mergers in real LIGO data. We show for the first time that artificial neural networks can promptly detect and characterize binary neutron star gravitational-wave signals in real LIGO data, and distinguish them from noise and signals from coalescing black-hole binaries. We illustrate this key result by demonstrating that our deep-learning framework classifies correctly all gravitational-wave events from the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog, GWTC-1 [Phys. Rev. X 9 (2019), 031040]. These results emphasize the importance of using realistic gravitational-wave detector data in machine learning approaches, and represent a step towards achieving real-time detection and inference of gravitational waves.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Updated grant information. Published in Physics Letters B
Alkaloids solenopsins from fire ants display in vitro and in vivo activity against the yeast Candida auris
Creators: name: Honorato, Leandro
name: Bonilla, Jhon Jhamilton Artunduaga
name: da Silva, Larissa Ribeiro
name: Kornetz, Julio
name: Zamith-Miranda, Daniel
name: Valdez, Alessandro F.
name: Nosanchuk, Joshua D.
name: Fox, Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson
name: Nimrichter, Leonardo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: The urgency surrounding Candida auris as a public health threat is highlighted by both the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) that categorized this species as a priority fungal pathogen. Given the current limitations of antifungal therapy for C. auris, particularly due to its multiple resistance to the current antifungals, the identification of new drugs is of paramount importance. Some alkaloids abundant in the venom of the red invasive fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), known as solenopsins, have garnered attention as potent inhibitors of bacterial biofilms, and there are no studies demonstrating such effects against fungal pathogens. Thus, we herein investigated the antibiotic efficacy of solenopsin alkaloids against C. auris biofilms and planktonic cells. Both natural and synthetic solenopsins inhibited the growth of C. auris strains from different clades, including fluconazole and amphotericin B-resistant isolates. Such alkaloids also inhibited matrix deposition and altered cellular metabolic activity of C. auris in biofilm conditions. Mechanistically, the alkaloids compromised membrane integrity as measured by propidium iodide uptake in exposed planktonic cells. Additionally, combining the alkaloids with AMB yielded an additive antifungal effect, even against AMB-resistant strains. Finally, both extracted solenopsins and the synthetic analogues demonstrated protective effect in vivo against C. auris infection in the invertebrate model Galleria mellonella. These findings underscore the potent antifungal activities of solenopsins against C. auris and suggest their inclusion in future drug development. Furthermore, exploring derivatives of solenopsins could reveal novel compounds with therapeutic promise.
Technical design of the phase I Mu3e experiment
Creators: name: Arndt, K.
name: Augustin, H.
name: Baesso, P.
name: Berger, N.
name: Berg, F.
name: Betancourt, C.
name: Bortoletto, D.
name: Bravar, A.
name: Briggl, K.
name: Bruch, D. vom
name: Buonaura, A.
name: Cadoux, F.
name: Barajas, C. Chavez
name: Chen, H.
name: Clark, K.
name: Cooke, P.
name: Corrodi, S.
name: Damyanova, A.
name: Demets, Y.
name: Dittmeier, S.
name: Eckert, P.
name: Ehrler, F.
name: Fahrni, D.
name: Gagneur, S.
name: Gerritzen, L.
name: Goldstein, J.
name: Gottschalk, D.
name: Grab, C.
name: Gredig, R.
name: Groves, A.
name: Hammerich, J.
name: Hartenstein, U.
name: Hartmann, U.
name: Hayward, H.
name: Herkert, A.
name: Hesketh, G.
name: Hetzel, S.
name: Hildebrandt, M.
name: Hodge, Z.
name: Hofer, A.
name: Huang, Q. H.
name: Hughes, S.
name: Huth, L.
name: Immig, D. M.
name: Jones, T.
name: Jones, M.
name: Kästli, H. -C.
name: Köppel, M.
name: Kettle, P. -R.
name: Kiehn, M.
name: Kilani, S.
name: Klingenmeyer, H.
name: Knecht, A.
name: Knight, A.
name: Kotlinski, B.
name: Kozlinskiy, A.
name: Leys, R.
name: Lockwood, G.
name: Loreti, A.
name: La Marra, D.
name: Müller, M.
name: Meier, B.
name: Aeschbacher, F. Meier
name: Meneses, A.
name: Metodiev, K.
name: Mtchedlishvili, A.
name: Muley, S.
name: Munwes, Y.
name: Noehte, L. O. S.
name: Owen, P.
name: Papa, A.
name: Paraskevas, I.
name: Períc, I.
name: Perrevoort, A. -K.
name: Plackett, R.
name: Pohl, M.
name: Ritt, S.
name: Robmann, P.
name: Rompotis, N.
name: Rudzki, T.
name: Rutar, G.
name: Schöning, A.
name: Schimassek, R.
name: Schultz-Coulon, H. -C.
name: Serra, N.
name: Shen, W.
name: Shipsey, I.
name: Shrestha, S.
name: Steinkamp, O.
name: Stoykov, A.
name: Straumann, U.
name: Streuli, S.
name: Stumpf, K.
name: Tata, N.
name: Velthuis, J.
name: Vigani, L.
name: Vilella-Figueras, E.
name: Vossebeld, J.
name: Wallny, R.
name: Wasili, A.
name: Wauters, F.
name: Weber, A.
name: Wiedner, D.
name: Windelband, B.
name: Zhong, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mu3e experiment aims to find or exclude the lepton flavour violating decay $μ\rightarrow eee$ at branching fractions above $10^{-16}$. A first phase of the experiment using an existing beamline at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) is designed to reach a single event sensitivity of $2\cdot 10^{-15}$. We present an overview of all aspects of the technical design and expected performance of the phase~I Mu3e detector. The high rate of up to $10^{8}$ muon decays per second and the low momenta of the decay electrons and positrons pose a unique set of challenges, which we tackle using an ultra thin tracking detector based on high-voltage monolithic active pixel sensors combined with scintillating fibres and tiles for precise timing measurements.
description: 117 pages. Minor corrections to the author list. Replaced with published version. Editor: Frank Meier Aeschbacher
Long-term variations in the pulse emission from PSR J0737-3039B
Creators: name: Burgay, M.
name: Possenti, A.
name: Manchester, R. N.
name: Kramer, M.
name: McLaughlin, M. A.
name: Lorimer, D. R.
name: Stairs, I. H.
name: Joshi, B. C.
name: Lyne, A. G.
name: Camilo, F.
name: D'Amico, N.
name: Freire, P. C. C.
name: Sarkissian, J. M.
name: Hotan, A. W.
name: Hobbs, G. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analysis of 20 months of observations at the Parkes radio telescope shows secular changes in the pulsed emission from J0737-3039B, the 2.77 s pulsar of the double-pulsar system. Pulse profiles are becoming single-peaked in both bright phases of the orbital modulation although there is no clear variation in overall pulse width. The shape of the orbital modulation is also varying systematically, with both bright phases shrinking in longitude by ~ 7 deg/yr. However, the combined span of the two bright phases is relatively constant and together they are shifting to higher longitudes at a rate of ~ 3 deg/yr. We discuss the possible contributions of geodetic precession and periastron advance to the observed variations.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Corrected typos
Scale-free networks with an exponent less than two
Creators: name: Seyed-allaei, Hamed
name: Bianconi, Ginestra
name: Marsili, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study scale free simple graphs with an exponent of the degree distribution $γ$ less than two. Generically one expects such extremely skewed networks -- which occur very frequently in systems of virtually or logically connected units -- to have different properties than those of scale free networks with $γ>2$: The number of links grows faster than the number of nodes and they naturally posses the small world property, because the diameter increases by the logarithm of the size of the network and the clustering coefficient is finite. We discuss a simple prototype model of such networks, inspired by real world phenomena, which exhibits these properties and allows for a detailed analytical investigation.
Degenerate Configurations, Singularities and the Non-Abelian Nature of Loop Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Bojowald, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Degenerate geometrical configurations in quantum gravity are important to understand if the fate of classical singularities is to be revealed. However, not all degenerate configurations arise on an equal footing, and one must take into account dynamical aspects when interpreting results: While there are many degenerate spatial metrics, not all of them are approached along the dynamical evolution of general relativity or a candidate theory for quantum gravity. For loop quantum gravity, relevant properties and steps in an analysis are summarized and evaluated critically with the currently available information, also elucidating the role of degrees of freedom captured in the sector provided by loop quantum cosmology. This allows an outlook on how singularity removal might be analyzed in a general setting and also in the full theory. The general mechanism of loop quantum cosmology will be shown to be insensitive to recently observed unbounded behavior of inverse volume in the full theory. Moreover, significant features of this unboundedness are not a consequence of inhomogeneities but of non-Abelian effects which can also be included in homogeneous models.
description: 28 pages, 1 figure; v2: extended discussion of singularity removal and summary