cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Zone prioritisation for transit improvement using potential demand estimated from smartcard data
Creators: name: Hussain, Etikaf
name: Bhaskar, Ashish
name: Chung, Edward
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: It is of utmost importance to understand the networkwide transit service needs for future planning and effective funding allocations. For this purpose, this study proposes a methodology that uses a zone’s transit potential demand as an indicator to prioritise them for public transport-related improvements. This study utilises observed demand (referred to as served demand) from smartcard data to estimate the potential demand. The smartcard data is used to estimate the observed demand of a zone, based upon which high and low trip zones are segregated. An ensemble tree-based Gradient Boosting model is trained and validated using observed trips by employing demographics, socio-economic, and geographic variables. From the analysis, zones with high and low potential demand are identified. Based on the estimated potential demand per unit area, all the zones are clustered into four groups identifying the areas with the lowest, low, medium, and high transit improvement requirements.
Evaluating the impact of waiting time reliability on route choice using smart card data
Creators: name: Shelat, Sanmay
name: Cats, Oded
name: van Oort, Niels
name: van Lint, J. W. C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Unreliable waiting times may cause frustration and anxiety amongst public transport travellers. Although the effect of travel time reliability has been studied extensively, most studies have used stated preferences which have disadvantages, such as an inherent hypothetical bias, or have analysed revealed preferences for road traffic. Here, we derive revealed preferences from passively collected smart card data to analyse the role of waiting time reliability in public transport route choice. We study waiting time reliability as regular and irregular deviations from scheduled values, examining a number of indicators for the latter. Behaviour in morning peak and off-peak hours is contrasted and differences in reliability coefficients for different modes in the network, and for origin and transfer stops are reported. Results from The Hague indicate relatively low reliability ratios with travellers perceiving a 5-minute standard deviation in realised waiting times as an extra 1–5.6 min of planned waiting time.
Interspecific and intraspecific relationships in vision and action.
Creators: name: Dodman, Martin
name: Affifi, Ramsey
name: Aillon, Jean-Louis
name: Arrobbio, Osman
name: Barbiero, Giuseppe
name: Camino, Elena
name: Colucci-Gray, Laura
name: Ferrara, Enzo
name: Folco, Silvano
Publisher: name: Visions for Sustainability
Year: 2023

description: Visions for Sustainability, No 19 (2023)
Experimentelle Untersuchung des Wärmeüberganges bei kryogener Abkühlung einer Ti-6Al-4V-Probe für eine Prallstrahlanordnung
Creators: name: Lettner, Noah
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2020

description: Die kryogene Kühlung ist als solche insbesondere für Anwendungsbereiche, in denen eine hohe thermische Belastung anfällt, von großem Interesse. Dies liegt darin begründet, dass bei der kryogenen Kühlung im Vergleich zu anderen Kühlverfahren wesentlich höhere spezifische Wärmeströme erzielt werden werden können. So kommt die kryogene Kühlung unter anderem in der Computertechnik und bei der Bearbeitung schwer zerspanbarer Werkstoffe, wie beispielsweise Ti-6Al-4V, zum Einsatz. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein Experiment durchgeführt und ausgewertet, mit welchem der Wärmeübergang bei der kryogenen Kühlung von Ti-6Al-4V im bei der kryogenen Zerspanung relevanten Temperaturbereich bestimmt werden kann. Die Genauigkeit der Messdaten wird dabei überprüft um Rückschlüsse auf die Qualität der Ergebnisse zu ermöglichen. Zudem wurde ein Vergleichsexperiment entwickelt, um die Auswirkungen weiterer möglicherweise relevanter Einflussfaktoren zu ermitteln. Die Durchführung dieses Vergleichsexperimentes steht allerdings noch aus. Zur Auswertung der Messdaten wurde eine neue Methode entwickelt, welche für die vorliegenden Messdaten eine höhere Ergebnisgenauigkeit verspricht, als die bisher bekannten und angewandten Methoden. Diese Methode wird hergeleitet und in ihrer Funktionsweise beschrieben. Die dabei erreichbare Genauigkeit wird mit verschiedenen Ansätzen überprüft und mit jener der bisher eingesetzten Methode verglichen. Somit können die im Rahmen einer Parametervariation am Versuchsaufbau ermittelten Messdaten analysiert werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Parametervariation werden vorgestellt und untersucht. Damit können die Auswirkungen verschiedener den Wärmeübergang bei der kryogenen Kühlung beeinflussender Faktoren, wie beispielsweise Massenstrom, Anströmwinkel und Grenzflächentemperatur, ermittelt und aufgezeigt werden. Basierend auf den ermittelten Abhängigkeiten werden Ansatzpunkte für die weitergehende Untersuchung des Wärmeüberganges bei der kryogenen Kühlung aufgezeigt und Ansätze für die Steigerung der Kühleffizienz in der praktischen Anwendung genannt.
Gaudin models for gl(m|n)
Creators: name: Mukhin, Evgeny
name: Vicedo, Benoit
name: Young, Charles A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish the basics of the Bethe ansatz for the Gaudin model associated to the Lie superalgebra gl(m|n). In particular, we prove the completeness of the Bethe ansatz in the case of tensor products of fundamental representations.
description: 36 pages, latex
Additional file 1 of Unveiling the hidden connections: network analysis of depressive symptoms, internet addiction, and attachment in Chinese children and adolescents
Creators: name: Ai, Xianying
name: Wang, Shiheng
name: Xu, Peiru
name: Zhang, Wenyan
name: Wei, Chunxiang
name: Peng, Lili
name: Liu, Chao
name: Ding, Ning
name: Zhu, Yanhui
name: Wang, Xianbin
name: Qiao, Dongdong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
Excitation of a nonradial mode in a millisecond X-ray pulsar XTE J1751-305
Creators: name: Lee, Umin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss candidates for non-radial modes excited in a mass accreting and rapidly rotating neutron star to explain the coherent frequency identified in the light curves of a millisecond X-ray pulsar XTE J1751-305. The spin frequency of the pulsar is $ν_{\rm spin}\cong435$Hz and the identified coherent frequency is $ν_{\rm osc}=0.5727595\timesν_{\rm spin}$. Assuming the frequency identified is that observed in the corotating frame of the neutron star, we find that the surface $r$-modes of $l^\prime=m=1$ and 2 excited by $ε$-mechanism due to helium burning in the thin shell can give the frequency ratio $κ=ν_{\rm osc}/ν_{\rm spin}\simeq0.57$ at $ν_{\rm spin}=435$Hz. As another candidate for the observed ratio $κ$, we also suggest a toroidal crustal mode that has penetrating amplitudes in the fluid core and is destabilized by gravitational wave emission. Since the surface fluid layer is separated from the fluid core by a solid crust, the amplitudes of an $r$-mode in the core, which is destabilized by emitting gravitational waves, can be by a large factor different from those in the fluid ocean. We find that the amplification factor defined as $f_{\rm amp}=α_{\rm surface}/α_{\rm core}$ is as large as $f_{\rm amp}\sim 10^2$ for the $l^\prime=m=2$ $r$-mode at $ν_{\rm spin}=435$Hz for a $M=1.4M_\odot$ neutron star model. Because of this significant amplification of the $r$-mode amplitudes in the surface fluid layer, we suggest that, when proper corrections to the $r$-mode frequency such as due to the general relativistic effects are taken into consideration, the core $r$-mode of $l^\prime=m=2$ can be a candidate for the detected frequency, without leading to serious contradictions to, for example, the spin evolution of the underlying neutron star.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Particle acceleration at collisionless shocks hybrid simulations in the era of high-precision cosmic ray observations
Creators: name: Hanusch, Adrian
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 520 Astronomy & allied sciences
subject: 530 Physics

description: Recent precise measurements of cosmic ray (CR) spectra reveal features that challenge the hypothesis of CR origin. The results of hybrid simulations focused on the injection phase of the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) and analytic modeling provide an explanation for an "anomaly" in the measured CR rigidity spectra. Moreover, the simulations have captured a new phenomenon in the DSA: the spectrum steepening associated with the variation of shock obliquity along its face. Both results make a step forward to reconcile the DSA with high-precision observations.
Thalamic stimulation improves postictal cortical arousal and behavior
Creators: name: Xu, Jingwen
name: Galardi, Maria Milagros
name: Pok, Brian
name: Patel, Kishan K.
name: Zhao, Charlie W.
name: Andrews, John P.
name: Singla, Shobhit
name: McCafferty, Cian P.
name: Feng, Li
name: Musonza, Eric T.
name: Kundishora, Adam J.
name: Gummadavelli, Abhijeet
name: Gerrard, Jason L.
name: Laubach, Mark
name: Schiff, Nicholas D.
name: Blumenfeld, Hal
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The postictal state following seizures is characterized by impaired consciousness and has a major negative impact on individuals with epilepsy. Previous work in disorders of consciousness including the postictal state suggests that bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic intralaminar central lateral nucleus (CL) may improve level of arousal. We tested the effects of postictal thalamic CL DBS in a rat model of secondarily generalized seizures elicited by electrical hippocampal stimulation. Thalamic CL DBS was delivered at 100 Hz during the postictal period in 21 female rats while measuring cortical electrophysiology and behavior. The postictal period was characterized by frontal cortical slow waves, like other states of depressed consciousness. In addition, rats exhibited severely impaired responses on two different behavioral tasks in the postictal state. Thalamic CL stimulation prevented postictal cortical slow wave activity but produced only modest behavioral improvement on a spontaneous licking sucrose reward task. We therefore also tested responses using a lever-press shock escape/avoidance (E/A) task. Rats achieved high success rates responding to the sound warning on the E/A task even during natural slow wave sleep but were severely impaired in the postictal state. Unlike the spontaneous licking task, thalamic CL DBS during the E/A task produced a marked improvement in behavior, with significant increases in lever-press shock avoidance with DBS compared with sham controls. These findings support the idea that DBS of subcortical arousal structures may be a novel therapeutic strategy benefitting patients with medically and surgically refractory epilepsy.
A Linear Logic Programming Language for Concurrent Programming over Graph Structures
Creators: name: Cruz, Flavio
name: Rocha, Ricardo
name: Goldstein, Seth Copen
name: Pfenning, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We have designed a new logic programming language called LM (Linear Meld) for programming graph-based algorithms in a declarative fashion. Our language is based on linear logic, an expressive logical system where logical facts can be consumed. Because LM integrates both classical and linear logic, LM tends to be more expressive than other logic programming languages. LM programs are naturally concurrent because facts are partitioned by nodes of a graph data structure. Computation is performed at the node level while communication happens between connected nodes. In this paper, we present the syntax and operational semantics of our language and illustrate its use through a number of examples.
description: ICLP 2014, TPLP 2014
Direct observation of a superconducting vortex diode.
Creators: name: Gutfreund, Alon
name: Matsuki, Hisakazu
name: Plastovets, Vadim
name: Noah, Avia
name: Gorzawski, Laura
name: Fridman, Nofar
name: Yang, Guang
name: Buzdin, Alexander
name: Millo, Oded
name: Robinson, Jason WA
name: Anahory, Yonathan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Article
/639/301/119/1003
/639/301/119/2793
/639/925/927/1064
/639/766/119/544
/639/766/119/995
article

description: Acknowledgements: We thank O. Agam, D. Orgad, E. Zeldov, and A. Kamra for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) Foundation Grant No. 802952 (Y.A.), the EPSRC through the Core-to-Core International Network “Oxide Superspin” (Grant No. EP/P026311/1) (J.W.A.R.), the French National Agency for Research, Idex Bordeaux (Research Program GPR Light) and the EUR Light S&T (V.P. and A.B.). The international collaboration on this work was fostered by the EU-COST Action Nanocohybri CA16218 and Superqumap CA21144.
description: Funder: European Research Council (ERC) Foundation Grant No. 802952 EU-COST Action nanocohybri CA16218 EU-COST Action superqumap CA21144.
description: The interplay between magnetism and superconductivity can lead to unconventional proximity and Josephson effects. A related phenomenon that has recently attracted considerable attention is the superconducting diode effect, in which a nonreciprocal critical current emerges. Although superconducting diodes based on superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) bilayers were demonstrated more than a decade ago, the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear. While not formally linked to this effect, the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinikov (FFLO) state is a plausible mechanism due to the twofold rotational symmetry breaking caused by the finite center-of-mass-momentum of the Cooper pairs. Here, we directly observe asymmetric vortex dynamics that uncover the mechanism behind the superconducting vortex diode effect in Nb/EuS (S/F) bilayers. Based on our nanoscale SQUID-on-tip (SOT) microscope and supported by in-situ transport measurements, we propose a theoretical model that captures our key results. The key conclusion of our model is that screening currents induced by the stray fields from the F layer are responsible for the measured nonreciprocal critical current. Thus, we determine the origin of the vortex diode effect, which builds a foundation for new device concepts.
Additional file 1 of Ongoing transmission of onchocerciasis in the Pru District of Ghana after two decades of mass drug administration with ivermectin and comparative identification of members of the Simulium damnosum complex using cytological and morphological techniques
Creators: name: Chikezie, Friday Maduka
name: Veriegh, Francis Balunnaa Dhari
name: Armoo, Samuel
name: Boakye, Daniel Adjei
name: Taylor, Mark
name: Osei-Atweneboana, Mike Yaw
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Chromosome II showing IIS-st/st, IIL-C.8.3/C.8.3 and IS/st inversions typical of S. sirbanum. C = centromere, B = balbiani ring, db = double bubble. Figure S2. Chromosome II showing IIL-C.8/C.8 homozygous inversion typical of S. sirbanum. C = centromere, B = balbiani ring, db = double bubble. Figure S3. Chromosome II showing IIL-C/C homozygous inversion typical of S. damnosum s.s. C = centromere, B = balbiani ring, db = double bubble. Figure S4. Chromosome I showing IS-3 heterozygous inversion and IS-2 homozygous inversions typical of S. damnosum s.s./S. sirbanum. C = centromere, NO = nuclear organizer. Figure S5. Short arm of chromosome I of S. sirbanum. C = centromere, NO = nuclear organizer. Figure S6. Chromosome III showing IIIL-2/2 and IIL-27 homozygous inversions typical of S. damnosum s.s./S. sirbanum/S. dieguerense. C = centromere. Figure S7. Chromosome III showing IIIL-2/2 & IIL-27 homozygous inversions typical of S. damnosum s.s./S. sirbanum/S. dieguerense. C = centromere. Figure S8. Chromosome III showing IIIL-2/2.7 homozygous inversions typical of S. damnosum s.s./S. sirbanum C = centromere. Figure S9. Chromosome II showing IIL-4 homozygous inversion typical of members of the S. sanctipauli s.l. C = centromere, B = balbiani ring, db = double bubble. Figure S10. Chromosome II showing IIL-C.8/C.8.64 and IS/st inversions typical of S. sirbanum C = centromere, B = balbiani ring, db = double bubble.
New source for ultracold neutrons at the Institut Laue-Langevin
Creators: name: Piegsa, F. M.
name: Fertl, M.
name: Ivanov, S. N.
name: Kreuz, M.
name: Leung, K. K. H.
name: Schmidt-Wellenburg, P.
name: Soldner, T.
name: Zimmer, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new intense superthermal source for ultracold neutrons (UCN) has been installed at a dedicated beam line at the Institut Laue-Langevin. Incident neutrons with a wavelength of 0.89 nm are converted to UCN in a five liter volume filled with superfluid $^4$He at a temperature of about 0.7 K. The UCN can be extracted to room temperature experiments. We present the cryogenic setup of the source, a characterization of the cold neutron beam, and UCN production measurements, where a UCN density in the production volume of at least 55 per cm$^3$ was determined.
Modulatory mechanisms of TARP γ8-selective AMPA receptor therapeutics.
Creators: name: Zhang, Danyang
name: Lape, Remigijus
name: Shaikh, Saher A
name: Kohegyi, Bianka K
name: Watson, Jake F
name: Cais, Ondrej
name: Nakagawa, Terunaga
name: Greger, Ingo H
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Receptors, AMPA
Ligands
Calcium Channels
Synaptic Transmission

description: Acknowledgements: We thank James Krieger for generating the ‘proDy’ interaction maps in Fig. 5B and S7C, and Jan-Niklas Dohrke for critically reading the manuscript. We thank members of the Greger lab for insightful comments during this study. We acknowledge Trevor Rutherford for confirming ligand integrity by NMR. We are also grateful to LMB scientific computing and the EM facility for their support. This research was funded in part by the Wellcome Trust (223194/Z/21/Z) to I.H.G. For the purpose of Open Access, the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission. Further funding came from the Medical Research Council (MRU105174197) to I.H.G, and NIH grant (R56/R01MH123474) to T.N.
description: AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate excitatory neurotransmission throughout the brain. Their signalling is uniquely diversified by brain region-specific auxiliary subunits, providing an opportunity for the development of selective therapeutics. AMPARs associated with TARP γ8 are enriched in the hippocampus, and are targets of emerging anti-epileptic drugs. To understand their therapeutic activity, we determined cryo-EM structures of the GluA1/2-γ8 receptor associated with three potent, chemically diverse ligands. We find that despite sharing a lipid-exposed and water-accessible binding pocket, drug action is differentially affected by binding-site mutants. Together with patch-clamp recordings and MD simulations we also demonstrate that ligand-triggered reorganisation of the AMPAR-TARP interface contributes to modulation. Unexpectedly, one ligand (JNJ-61432059) acts bifunctionally, negatively affecting GluA1 but exerting positive modulatory action on GluA2-containing AMPARs, in a TARP stoichiometry-dependent manner. These results further illuminate the action of TARPs, demonstrate the sensitive balance between positive and negative modulatory action, and provide a mechanistic platform for development of both positive and negative selective AMPAR modulators.
Tidal-induced lopsidedness in Magellanic-type galaxies
Creators: name: Yozin, Cameron
name: Bekki, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the tidally-induced conversion of barred late-type spirals to Magellanic-type discs with numerical simulations, to establish how the lifetime of lopsidedness (asymmetry) varies with numerical parametrizations. Using a reference model based on observed properties of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), we show that its off-centre bar, one-arm spiral and one-sided star formation can be induced by a brief tidal interaction. We thereafter perform a detailed parameter study, and find that at the dynamical mass of LMC-type discs ($\sim$10$^{\rm 10}$ \md{}), stellar lopsidedness (as quantified by the m$=$1 Fourier mode) and bar off-centredness can vary widely in amplitude, but are generally short-lived ($\sim$Gyr). Tidal interactions induce more persistent lopsidedness in lower mass galaxies (several Gyr), in particular those with large halo-to-disc mass ratios as implied by recent halo occupation models. We suggest that the tidal interactions play a larger role in the observed ubiquity of lopsidedness than the presently favoured gas accretion mechanism for lower mass galaxies. Other characteristics of Magellanic-type galaxies, such as one-sided star formation, are quantified and tend to arise more prominently in discs with later-type spiral structure (more halo dominated inner disc, weaker bars) following retrograde orbital encounters.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, accepted by MNRAS
Determinants of QuantiFERON Plus-diagnosed tuberculosis infection in adult Ugandan TB contacts: A cross-sectional study.
Creators: name: Mayito, Jonathan
name: Martineau, Adrian R
name: Tiwari, Divya
name: Nakiyingi, Lydia
name: Kateete, David P
name: Reece, Stephen T
name: Biraro, Irene Andia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Humans
Adult
Female
Male
Latent Tuberculosis
Cross-Sectional Studies
Uganda
Tuberculosis
Interferon-gamma Release Tests
Tuberculin Test
HIV Infections

description: BACKGROUND: The tuberculin skin test is commonly used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in resource-limited settings, but its specificity is limited by factors including cross-reactivity with BCG vaccine and environmental mycobacteria. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) overcome this problem by detecting M. tuberculosis complex-specific responses, but studies to determine risk factors for IGRA-positivity in high TB burden settings are lacking. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine factors associated with a positive IGRA by employing the QuantiFERON-TB® Gold-plus (QFT Plus) assay in a cohort of asymptomatic adult TB contacts in Kampala, Uganda. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with forward stepwise logit function was employed to identify independent correlates of QFT Plus-positivity. RESULTS: Of the 202 participants enrolled, 129/202 (64%) were female, 173/202 (86%) had a BCG scar, and 67/202 (33%) were HIV-infected. Overall, 105/192 (54%, 95% CI 0.48-0.62) participants had a positive QFT Plus result. Increased risk of QFT-Plus positivity was independently associated with casual employment/unemployment vs. non-casual employment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.18, 95% CI 1.01-4.72), a family vs. non-family relation to the index patient (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.33-6.18), living in the same vs. a different house as the index (aOR 3.05, 95% CI 1.28-7.29), a higher body mass index (BMI) (aOR per additional kg/m2 1.09, 95% CI 1.00-1.18) and tobacco smoking vs. not (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.00-8.60). HIV infection was not associated with QFT-Plus positivity (aOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.42-1.96). CONCLUSION: Interferon Gamma Release Assay positivity in this study population was lower than previously estimated. Tobacco smoking and BMI were determinants of IGRA positivity that were previously unappreciated.
The Interestingness Tool for Search in the Web
Creators: name: Exman, Iaakov
name: Amar, Gilad
name: Shaltiel, Ran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.3

description: Interestingness,as the composition of Relevance and Unexpectedness, has been tested by means of Web search cases studies and led to promising results. But for thorough investigation and routine practical application one needs a flexible and robust tool. This work describes such an Interestingness based search tool, its software architecture and actual implementation. One of its flexibility traits is the choice of Interestingness functions: it may work with Match-Mismatch and Tf-Idf, among other functions. The tool has been experimentally verified by application to various domains of interest. It has been validated by comparison of results with those of commercial search engines and results from differing Interestingness functions.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, 3rd SKY'2012 International Workshop on Software Knowledge, Barcelona, Spain, October 2012, SciTePress, Portugal
Particle size distributions for cellulose nanocrystals measured by transmission electron microscopy : An interlaboratory comparison
Creators: name: Meija, Juris
name: Bushnell, Michael
name: Couillard, Martin
name: Beck, Stephanie
name: Bonevich, John
name: Cui, Kai
name: Foster, John
name: Will, John
name: Fox, Douglas
name: Cho, Whirang
name: Heidelmann, Markus
name: Park, Byong Chon
name: Park, Yun Chang
name: Ren, Lingling
name: Xu, Li
name: Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.
name: Knepp, Alycia K.
name: Theissmann, Ralf
name: Purwin, Horst
name: Wang, Ziqiu
name: Val, Natalia de
name: Johnston, Linda J.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Particle size is a key parameter that must be measured to ensure reproducible production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and to achieve reliable performance metrics for specific CNC applications. Nevertheless, size measurements for CNCs are challenging due to their broad size distribution, irregular rod-shaped particles, and propensity to aggregate and agglomerate. We report an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) that tests transmission electron microscopy (TEM) protocols for image acquisition and analysis. Samples of CNCs were prepared on TEM grids in a single laboratory, and detailed data acquisition and analysis protocols were provided to participants. CNCs were imaged and the size of individual particles was analyzed in 10 participating laboratories that represent a cross section of academic, industrial, and government laboratories with varying levels of experience with imaging CNCs. The data for each laboratory were fit to a skew normal distribution that accommodates the variability in central location and distribution width and asymmetries for the various datasets. Consensus values were obtained by modeling the variation between laboratories using a skew normal distribution. This approach gave consensus distributions with values for mean, standard deviation, and shape factor of 95.8, 38.2, and 6.3 nm for length and 7.7, 2.2, and 2.9 nm for width, respectively. Comparison of the degree of overlap between distributions for individual laboratories indicates that differences in imaging resolution contribute to the variation in measured widths. We conclude that the selection of individual CNCs for analysis and the variability in CNC agglomeration and staining are the main factors that lead to variations in measured length and width between laboratories.
Open Quantum Random Walks
Creators: name: Attal, S.
name: Petruccione, F.
name: Sabot, C.
name: Sinayskiy, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new model of quantum random walks is introduced, on lattices as well as on finite graphs. These quantum random walks take into account the behavior of open quantum systems. They are the exact quantum analogues of classical Markov chains. We explore the "quantum trajectory" point of view on these quantum random walks, that is, we show that measuring the position of the particle after each time- step gives rise to a classical Markov chain, on the lattice times the state space of the particle. This quantum trajectory is a simulation of the master equation of the quantum random walk. The physical pertinence of such quantum random walks and the way they can be concretely realized is discussed. Differences and connections with the already well-known quantum random walks, such as the Hadamard random walk, are established.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures
Genomics-informed outbreak investigations of SARS-CoV-2 using civet.
Creators: name: O'Toole, Áine
name: Hill, Verity
name: Jackson, Ben
name: Dewar, Rebecca
name: Sahadeo, Nikita
name: Colquhoun, Rachel
name: Rooke, Stefan
name: McCrone, JT
name: Duggan, Kate
name: McHugh, Martin P
name: Nicholls, Samuel M
name: Poplawski, Radoslaw
name: COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium
name: COVID-19 Impact Project (Trinidad & Tobago Group)
name: Aanensen, David
name: Holden, Matt
name: Connor, Tom
name: Loman, Nick
name: Goodfellow, Ian
name: Carrington, Christine VF
name: Templeton, Kate
name: Rambaut, Andrew
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium
COVID-19 Impact Project (Trinidad & Tobago Group)

description: Funder: Trinidad and Tobago - UWI Research Development Impact Fund
description: The scale of data produced during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been unprecedented, with more than 13 million sequences shared publicly at the time of writing. This wealth of sequence data provides important context for interpreting local outbreaks. However, placing sequences of interest into national and international context is difficult given the size of the global dataset. Often outbreak investigations and genomic surveillance efforts require running similar analyses again and again on the latest dataset and producing reports. We developed civet (cluster investigation and virus epidemiology tool) to aid these routine analyses and facilitate virus outbreak investigation and surveillance. Civet can place sequences of interest in the local context of background diversity, resolving the query into different 'catchments' and presenting the phylogenetic results alongside metadata in an interactive, distributable report. Civet can be used on a fine scale for clinical outbreak investigation, for local surveillance and cluster discovery, and to routinely summarise the virus diversity circulating on a national level. Civet reports have helped researchers and public health bodies feedback genomic information in the appropriate context within a timeframe that is useful for public health.
Additional file 1 of Predicting newborn birth outcomes with prenatal maternal health features and correlates in the United States: a machine learning approach using archival data
Creators: name: Henry, Robert D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
A Magnetohydrodynamic Model of The M87 Jet. II. Self-consistent Quad-shock Jet Model for Optical Relativistic Motions and Particle Acceleration
Creators: name: Nakamura, Masanori
name: Meier, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new paradigm for understanding both relativistic motions and particle acceleration in the M87 jet: a magnetically dominated relativistic flow that naturally produces four relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shocks (forward/reverse fast and slow modes). We apply this model to a set of optical super- and subluminal motions discovered by Biretta and coworkers with the {\em Hubble Space Telescope} during 1994 -- 1998. The model concept consists of ejection of a {\em single} relativistic Poynting jet, which possesses a coherent helical (poloidal + toroidal) magnetic component, at the remarkably flaring point HST-1. We are able to reproduce quantitatively proper motions of components seen in the {\em optical} observations of HST-1 with the same model we used previously to describe similar features in radio VLBI observations in 2005 -- 2006. This indicates that the quad relativistic MHD shock model can be applied generally to recurring pairs of super/subluminal knots ejected from the upstream edge of the HST-1 complex as observed from radio to optical wavelengths, with forward/reverse fast-mode MHD shocks then responsible for observed moving features. Moreover, we identify such intrinsic properties as the shock compression ratio, degree of magnetization, and magnetic obliquity and show that they are suitable to mediate diffusive shock acceleration of relativistic particles via the first-order Fermi process. We suggest that relativistic MHD shocks in Poynting-flux dominated helical jets may play a role in explaining observed emission and proper motions in many AGNs.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ
Measurement of the mobility edge for 3D Anderson localization
Creators: name: Semeghini, Giulia
name: Landini, Manuele
name: Castilho, Patricia
name: Roy, Sanjukta
name: Spagnolli, Giacomo
name: Trenkwalder, Andreas
name: Fattori, Marco
name: Inguscio, Massimo
name: Modugno, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anderson localization is a universal phenomenon affecting non-interacting quantum particles in disorder. In three spatial dimensions it becomes particularly interesting to study because of the presence of a quantum phase transition from localized to extended states, predicted by P.W. Anderson in his seminal work, taking place at a critical energy, the so-called mobility edge. The possible relation of the Anderson transition to the metal-insulator transitions observed in materials has originated a flurry of theoretical studies during the past 50 years, and it is now possible to predict very accurately the mobility edge starting from models of the microscopic disorder. However, the experiments performed so far with photons, ultrasound and ultracold atoms, while giving evidence of the transition, could not provide a precise measurement of the mobility edge. In this work we are able to obtain such a measurement using an ultracold atomic system in a disordered speckle potential, thanks to a precise control of the system energy. We find that the mobility edge is close to the mean disorder energy at small disorder strengths, while a clear effect of the spatial correlation of the disorder appears at larger strengths. The precise knowledge of the disorder properties in our system offers now the opportunity for an unprecedented experiment-theory comparison for 3D Anderson localization, which is also a necessary step to start the exploration of novel regimes for many-body disordered systems.
description: 13 pages
Are smart home devices abandoning IPV victims?
Creators: name: Alshehri, Ahmed
name: Salem, Malek Ben
name: Ding, Lei
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Smart home devices have brought us many benefits such as advanced security, convenience, and entertainment. However, these devices also have made unintended consequences like giving ultimate power for devices' owners over their intimate partners in the same household which might lead to tech-facilitated domestic abuse (tech-abuse) as recent research has shown. In this paper, we systematize findings on tech-abuse in smart homes. We show that domestic abuse and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in smart homes is more effective and less risky for abusers. Victims find it more harmful and more challenging to protect themselves from. We articulate a comprehensive analysis of all the phases of abuse in smart homes and categorize risks and needs in each phase by designing a unified analytical framework. Technical analysis of current smart home technologies is conducted to shed light upon their limitations. We also summarize recent recommendations to combat tech-abuse in smart homes and focus on their potentials and shortcomings. Unsurprisingly, we find that many recommendations conflict with each other due to a lack of understanding of phases of abuse in smart homes. Desirable properties to design abuse-resistant smart home devices are proposed for all the phases of abuse. The research community benefits from our analysis and recommendations to move forward with a focus on filling the blind spots of existing smart home devices' safety measures and building appropriate safety measures that consider tech-abuse threats in smart homes.
100 anos de Leonel Brizola: entrevista com João Pedro Stédile
Creators: name: Albertin de Moraes, Isaías
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Economic history
Political theory and political philosophy
Political economy and social change
Latin and South American history

description: 100 anos de Leonel Brizola: entrevista com João Pedro Stédile
Do innovative firms communicate more? evidence from the relation between patenting and management guidance
Creators: name: Huang, Sterling
name: Ng, Jeffrey
name: Ranasinghe, Tharindra
name: Zhang, Mingyue
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Successful innovations could induce more disclosure if the information asymmetry between the firm and its investors about post-innovation outcomes leads investors to demand more information. However, such innovations also likely entail greater proprietary cost concerns, which deter disclosure. This paper uses patent grants to examine the effect of innovation success on management guidance behavior. We find that more management guidance follows patent grants, suggesting that despite disclosure cost concerns, firms with successful innovations do respond to information demand. This association is stronger after enactment of Regulation Fair Disclosure and for firms with greater institutional investor ownership, further highlighting the role of information demand. The association is weaker for firms with more competition, consistent with proprietary cost concerns having a moderating impact. Overall, our findings suggest that innovation creates demand for more voluntary disclosure, and firms’ disclosure decisions following innovation outcomes vary in ways that disclosure theory and economic intuition predict.
A message-passing approach for threshold models of behavior in networks
Creators: name: Shrestha, Munik
name: Moore, Cristopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study a simple model of how social behaviors, like trends and opinions, propagate in networks where individuals adopt the trend when they are informed by threshold $T$ neighbors who are adopters. Using a dynamic message-passing algorithm, we develop a tractable and computationally efficient method that provides complete time evolution of each individual's probability of adopting the trend or of the frequency of adopters and non-adopters in any arbitrary networks. We validate the method by comparing it with Monte Carlo based agent simulation in real and synthetic networks and provide an exact analytic scheme for large random networks, where simulation results match well. Our approach is general enough to incorporate non-Markovian processes and to include heterogeneous thresholds and thus can be applied to explore rich sets of complex heterogeneous agent-based models.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of A latent profile analysis on adolescents' Non-Suicidal Self-Injury related to intrapersonal and interpersonal factors
Creators: name: Lee, Jong-Sun
name: Kim, Sojung
name: Lee, Ji-Hyun
name: Kim, Jae-Won
name: Yoo, Jae Hyun
name: Han, Doug Hyun
name: Hwang, Hyunchan
name: Choi, Chi-Hyun
name: Seo, Dong-Gi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file1
Interaction between modified Chaplygin gas and ghost dark energy in presence of extra dimensions
Creators: name: Khurshudyan, M.
name: Sadeghi, J.
name: Hakobyan, M.
name: Farahani, H.
name: Myrzakulov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider three different models of dark energy in higher dimensional space-time and discuss about some cosmological parameters numerically. The first model is a single component universe including viscous varying modified Chaplygin gas. In the second model, we consider two-component universe including viscous varying modified Chaplygin gas and ghost dark energy. In the third model, we consider another two-component universe including viscous modified cosmic Chaplygin gas and ghost dark energy. In the cases of two-component fluids we also consider possibility of interaction between components.
Non-linear response to electric field in extended Hubbard models
Creators: name: Esfahani, D. Nasr
name: Covaci, L.
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electric-field response of a one-dimensional ring of interacting fermions, where the interactions are described by the extended Hubbard model, is investigated. By using an accurate real-time propagation scheme based on the Chebyshev expansion of the evolution operator, we uncover various non-linear regimes for a range of interaction parameters that allows modeling of metallic and insulating (either charge density wave or spin density wave insulators) rings. The metallic regime appears at the phase boundary between the two insulating phases and provides the opportunity to describe either weakly or strongly correlated metals. We find that the {\it fidelity susceptibility} of the ground state as a function of magnetic flux piercing the ring provides a very good measure of the short-time response. Even completely different interacting regimes behave in a similar manner at short time-scales as long as the fidelity susceptibility is the same. Depending on the strength of the electric field we find various types of responses: persistent currents in the insulating regime, dissipative regime or damped Bloch-like oscillations with varying frequencies or even irregular in nature. Furthermore, we also consider the dimerization of the ring and describe the response of a correlated band insulator. In this case the distribution of the energy levels is more clustered and the Bloch-like oscillations become even more irregular.
Empirical properties of inter-cancellation durations in the Chinese stock market
Creators: name: Gu, Gao-Feng
name: Xiong, Xiong
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Zhang, Yong-Jie
name: Zhou, Wei-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Order cancellation process plays a crucial role in the dynamics of price formation in order-driven stock markets and is important in the construction and validation of computational finance models. Based on the order flow data of 18 liquid stocks traded on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2003, we investigate the empirical statistical properties of inter-cancellation durations in units of events defined as the waiting times between two consecutive cancellations. The inter-cancellation durations for both buy and sell orders of all the stocks favor a $q$-exponential distribution when the maximum likelihood estimation method is adopted; In contrast, both cancelled buy orders of 6 stocks and cancelled sell orders of 3 stocks prefer Weibull distribution when the nonlinear least-square estimation is used. Applying detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), centered detrending moving average (CDMA) and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) methods, we unveil that the inter-cancellation duration time series process long memory and multifractal nature for both buy and sell cancellations of all the stocks. Our findings show that order cancellation processes exhibit long-range correlated bursty behaviors and are thus not Poissonian.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures and 5 tables
A comparative study on transportation problem in fuzzy environment
Creators: name: Kumar, Dr. P. Senthil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Operations research

description: In this paper, transportation problem in fuzzy environment using trapezoidal fuzzy number is discussed. A new algorithm called the fuzzy zero point method for finding a fuzzy optimal solution of fuzzy transportation problem in single stage with the multiplication used by Stephen Dinegar.D & Palanivel.K [5] is discussed. The solution procedure is illustrated with the existing Stephen Dinegar.D & Palanivel.K [5] algorithm with numerical example. Finally the comparative result is given.