cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Accumulation de mucus - Le point de départ de la pathogenèse pulmonaire chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose
Creators: name: Ehre, C.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2019

description: La mucoviscidose (en anglais, cystic fibrosis ou CF) est une maladie génétique grave affectant principalement la population caucasienne dans une proportion d’une naissance sur 4 000. Des mutations du gène codant la protéine CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) entraînent des changements de flux ioniques à travers la membrane plasmique de cellules épithéliales, qui altèrent le réseau de mucines dans plusieurs organes comme les poumons et l’intestin [1-3]. Les mucines polymériques sont de grandes glycoprotéines qui organisent la couche de mucus et assurent la lubrification et la protection des muqueuses contre l’invasion d’agents infectieux. Chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose, le dysfonctionnement du canal ionique CFTR modifie le mucus, qui devient visqueux et adhère aux parois des bronches et du tube digestif. Dans les poumons, l’obstruction des voies aériennes est propice aux infections bactériennes [4]. De plus, les propriétés antibactériennes de la couche de mucus sont diminuées chez des animaux modèles développant certains symptômes de la maladie [5]. Une infection précède généralement le développement d’une inflammation, il est tentant de penser qu’une infection précoce puisse déclencher la pathogénèse pulmonaire et provoquer une réaction inflammatoire chronique chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose. A l’appui de cette hypothèse, des lésions pulmonaires causées par l’inflammation peuvent être détectées très tôt par imagerie médicale fondée sur la tomodensitométrie (en anglais, computed tomography ou CT). En effet, 22 % des patients atteints de mucoviscidose présentent des lésions dès l’âge de 1 an [6]. Les descriptions de la progression de la maladie font donc souvent référence au cercle vicieux « obstruction-infection-inflammation » (dans cet ordre), car l’inflammation est fréquemment associée à la présence de microorganismes pathogènes. Cependant, notre étude récemment publiée dans le journal Science Translational Medicine démontre que l’inflammation précède l’infection bactérienne et que le mucus pourrait être à l’origine de cette réponse inflammatoire [7]. L’accumulation de mucus est, de plus, détectée avant les premiers signes de lésions pulmonaires, suggérant, là encore, que les propriétés anormales du mucus chez ces patients déclenchent une réponse immunitaire et constituent ainsi le point de départ de la maladie de la mucoviscidose.
Resistance minimum and electrical conduction mechanism in polycrystalline CoFeB thin films
Creators: name: Swamy, G. Venkat
name: Rout, P. K.
name: Singh, Manju
name: Rakshit, R. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependent resistance $R$($T$) of polycrystalline ferromagnetic CoFeB thin films of varying thickness are analyzed considering various electrical scattering processes. We observe a resistance minimum in $R$($T$) curves below $\simeq$ 29 K, which can be explained as an effect of intergranular Coulomb interaction in a granular system. The structural and Coulomb interaction related scattering processes contribute more as the film thickness decreases implying the role of disorder and granularity. Although the magnetic contribution to the resistance is the weakest compared to these two, it is the only thickness independent process. On the contrary, the negative coefficient of resistance can be explained by electron interaction effect in disordered amorphous films.
(970) Charlotte Robinson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(972) Jane Elizabeth Milburn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Sensitivity to Dark Sector Scales from Gravitational Wave Signatures
Creators: name: Dent, James B.
name: Dutta, Bhaskar
name: Ghosh, Sumit
name: Kumar, Jason
name: Runburg, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider gravitational wave signals produced by a first-order phase transition in a theory with a generic renormalizable thermal effective potential of power law form. We find the frequency and amplitude of the gravitational wave signal can be related in a straightforward manner to the parameters of the thermal effective potential. This leads to a general conclusion; if the mass of the dark Higgs is less than 1% of the dark Higgs vacuum expectation value, then the gravitational wave signal will be unobservable at all upcoming and planned gravitational wave observatories.
description: Matches the journal version. Minor updates in text
On the support of neutrals against gravity in solar prominences
Creators: name: Terradas, J.
name: Soler, R.
name: Oliver, R.
name: Ballester, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cool and dense prominences found in the solar atmosphere are known to be partially ionized because of their relative low temperature. In this Letter, we address the long-standing problem of how the neutral component of the plasma in prominences is supported against gravity. Using the multiple fluid approach we solve the time-dependent equations in two dimensions considering the frictional coupling between the neutral and ionized components of the magnetized plasma representative of a solar prominence embedded in a hot coronal environment. We demonstrate that given an initial density enhancement in the two fluids, representing the body of the prominence, the system is able to relax in the vicinity of magnetic dips to a stationary state in which both neutrals and ionized species are dynamically suspended above the photosphere. Two different coupling processes are considered in this study, collisions between ions and neutrals and charge exchange interactions. We find that for realistic conditions ions are essentially static while neutrals have a very small downflow velocity. The coupling between ions and neutrals is so strong at the prominence body that the behavior is similar to that of a single fluid with an effective density equal to the sum of the ion and neutral species. We also find that the charge exchange mechanism is about three times more efficient sustaining neutrals than elastic scattering of ions with neutrals.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Scale interactions between the meso- and synoptic scales and the impact of diabatic heating
Creators: name: Hirt, Mirjam
name: Craig, George C.
name: Klein, Rupert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: asymptotics
subject: atmospheric dynamics
subject: mesoscale
subject: multiscale scale interactions
subject: quasigeostrophic
subject: synoptic scale
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: For both the meso- and synoptic scales, reduced mathematical models give insight into their dynamical behaviour. For the mesoscale, the weak temperature gradient approximation is one of several approaches, while for the synoptic scale the quasigeostrophic theory is well established. However, the way these two scales interact with each other is usually not included in such reduced models, thereby limiting our current perception of flow-dependent predictability and upscale error growth. Here, we address the scale interactions explicitly by developing a two-scale asymptotic model for the meso- and synoptic scales with two coupled sets of equations for the meso- and synoptic scales respectively. The mesoscale equations follow a weak temperature gradient balance and the synoptic-scale equations align with quasigeostrophic theory. Importantly, the equation sets are coupled via scale-interaction terms: eddy correlations of mesoscale variables impact the synoptic potential vorticity tendency and synoptic variables force the mesoscale vorticity (for instance due to tilting of synoptic-scale wind shear). Furthermore, different diabatic heating rates-representing the effect of precipitation-define different flow characteristics. With weak mesoscale heating relatable to precipitation rates of (sic)(6mm center dot h-1), the mesoscale dynamics resembles two-dimensional incompressible vorticity dynamics and the upscale impact of the mesoscale on the synoptic scale is only of a dynamical nature. With a strong mesosocale heating relatable to precipitation rates of O (60mm center dot h(-1)), divergent motions and three-dimensional effects become relevant for the mesoscale dynamics and the upscale impact also includes thermodynamical effects.
A new approach to the analysis of the phase space of f(R)-gravity
Creators: name: Carloni, Sante
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new dynamical system formalism for the analysis of f(R) cosmologies. The new approach eliminates the need for cumbersome inversions to close the dynamical system and allows the analysis of the phase space of f(R)-gravity models which cannot be investigated using the standard technique. Differently form previously proposed similar techniques, the new method is constructed in such a way to associate to the fixed points scale factors, which contain four integration constants (i.e. solutions of fourth order differential equations). In this way a new light is shed on the physical meaning of the fixed points. We apply this technique to some f(R) Lagrangians relevant for inflationary and dark energy models.
description: 32 pages, 13 figures, typos corrected, updated bibliography
Bootstrapping Pions at Large $N$
Creators: name: Albert, Jan
name: Rastelli, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit from a modern bootstrap perspective the longstanding problem of solving QCD in the large $N$ limit. We derive universal bounds on the effective field theory of massless pions by imposing the full set of positivity constraints that follow from $2 \to 2$ scattering. Some features of our exclusion plots have intriguing connections with hadronic phenomenology. The exclusion boundary exhibits a sharp kink, raising the tantalizing scenario that large $N$ QCD may sit at this kink. We critically examine this possibility, developing in the process a partial analytic understanding of the geometry of the bounds.
description: 52+12 pages; 23 figures, v2: minor edits, references added
Dynamic flexoelectric effect in perovskites from first principles calculations
Creators: name: Kvasov, Alexander
name: Tagantsev, Alexander K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the dynamical matrix of a crystal obtained from ab initio calculations, we have evaluated for the first time the strength of the dynamic flexoelectric effect and found it comparable to that of the static bulk flexoelectric effect, in agreement with earlier order-of-magnitude estimates. We also proposed a method of evaluation of these effects directly from the simulated phonon spectra. This method can also be applied to the analysis of the experimental phonon spectra, being currently the only one enabling experimental characterization of the static bulk flexoelectric effect.
Ruthenium Complexes of Polyfluorocarbon Substituted Terpyridine and Mesoionic Carbene Ligands: An Interplay in CO2 Reduction
Creators: name: Stein, Felix
name: Nößler, Maite
name: Hazari, Arijit Singha
name: Böser, Lisa
name: Walter, Robert
name: Liu, Hang
name: Klemm, Elias
name: Sarkar, Biprajit
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: CO2 reduction
subject: mesoionic carbenes
subject: ruthenium
subject: spectroelectrochemistry
subject: terpyridine
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: In recent years terpyridines (tpy) and mesoionic carbenes (MIC) have been widely used in metal complexes. With the right combination with a metal center, both of these ligands are individually known to generate excellent catalysts for CO2 reduction. In this study, we combine the potentials of PFC (PFC=polyfluorocarbon) substituted tpy and MIC ligands within the same platform to obtain a new class of complexes, which we investigated with respect to their structural, electrochemical and UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemical properties. We further show that the resulting metal complexes are potent electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction in which CO is exclusively formed with a faradaic efficiency of 92 %. A preliminary mechanistic study, including the isolation and characterization of a key intermediate is also reported.
Relaxometry and dephasing imaging of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles using a single qubit
Creators: name: Schmid-Lorch, Dominik
name: Häberle, Thomas
name: Reinhard, Friedemann
name: Zappe, Andrea
name: Slota, Michael
name: Bogani, Lapo
name: Finkler, Amit
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To study the magnetic dynamics of superparamagnetic nanoparticles we use scanning probe relaxometry and dephasing of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, characterizing the spin-noise of a single 10-nm magnetite particle. Additionally, we show the anisotropy of the NV sensitivity's dependence on the applied decoherence measurement method. By comparing the change in relaxation (T 1 ) and dephasing (T 2 ) time in the NV center when scanning a nanoparticle over it, we are able to extract the nanoparticle's diameter and distance from the NV center using an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model for the nanoparticle's fluctuations. This scanning-probe technique can be used in the future to characterize different spin label substitutes for both medical applications and basic magnetic nanoparticle behavior.
Supplemental figures from The cleaner shrimp Lysmata amboinensis adjusts its behaviour towards predatory versus non-predatory clients
Creators: name: Caves, Eleanor M.
name: Chen, Catherine
name: Johnsen, Sönke
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplemental Figures S1-3
(974) Samuel Grayshon
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Large and Small Corrections to the JLMS Formula from Replica Wormholes
Creators: name: Kudler-Flam, Jonah
name: Rath, Pratik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The JLMS formula relates the bulk and boundary relative entropies and is fundamental to the holographic dictionary, providing justification for entanglement wedge reconstruction. We revisit the replica trick for relative entropy and find corrections of the JLMS formula in a variety of scenarios, even after accounting for effects of quantum extremality. We analyze the problem in the PSSY model, a model of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled to end-of-the-world branes. We find non-perturbative (in $G$) corrections that are always present, arising from subdominant replica wormhole gravitational saddles that indicate the approximate error-correcting nature of AdS/CFT. Near entanglement phase transitions, these saddles can get enhanced to large corrections. We find $O\left(G^{-1/2}\right)$ corrections arising from area fluctuations and $O\left(G^{-1}\right)$ corrections from incompressible bulk quantum states. Lastly, we find our most surprising result, an infinite violation of the JLMS formula after the Page time arising from a rank deficiency in the bulk entanglement spectrum. We discuss similar calculations in tensor networks and comment on the implications for bulk reconstruction.
description: v1: 23 pages, 6 figures, lots of mini-figures; v2: minor clarifications, references added
Incidence and risk factors of non-device-associated urinary tract infections in an acute-care hospital
Creators: name: Sickbert-Bennett, E.E.
name: Marx, A.H.
name: Dibiase, L.M.
name: Stewart, P.W.
name: Strassle, P.D.
name: Weber, D.J.
name: Klompas, M.
name: Lund, J.L.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2019

description: Objective: To update current estimates of non-device-associated pneumonia (ND pneumonia) rates and their frequency relative to ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and identify risk factors for ND pneumonia.Design: Cohort study.Setting: Academic teaching hospital.Patients: All adult hospitalizations between 2013 and 2017 were included. Pneumonia (device associated and non-device associated) were captured through comprehensive, hospital-wide active surveillance using CDC definitions and methodology.Results: From 2013 to 2017, there were 163,386 hospitalizations (97,485 unique patients) and 771 pneumonia cases (520 ND pneumonia and 191 VAP). The rate of ND pneumonia remained stable, with 4.15 and 4.54 ND pneumonia cases per 10,000 hospitalization days in 2013 and 2017 respectively (P =.65). In 2017, 74% of pneumonia cases were ND pneumonia. Male sex and increasing age we both associated with increased risk of ND pneumonia. Additionally, patients with chronic bronchitis or emphysema (hazard ratio [HR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-3.06), congestive heart failure (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.07-2.05), or paralysis (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09-2.73) were also at increased risk, as were those who were immunosuppressed (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.18-2.00) or in the ICU (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.06-2.09). We did not detect a change in ND pneumonia risk with use of chlorhexidine mouthwash, total parenteral nutrition, all medications of interest, and prior ventilation.Conclusion: The incidence rate of ND pneumonia did not change from 2013 to 2017, and 3 of 4 nosocomial pneumonia cases were non-device associated. Hospital infection prevention programs should consider expanding the scope of surveillance to include non-ventilated patients. Future research should continue to look for modifiable risk factors and should assess potential prevention strategies.
Improved Gradual Resistive Switching Range and 1000x On/Off Ratio in HfOx RRAM Achieved with a $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ Thermal Barrier
Creators: name: Islam, Raisul
name: Qin, Shengjun
name: Deshmukh, Sanchit
name: Yu, Zhouchangwan
name: Koroglu, Cagil
name: Khan, Asir Intisar
name: Schauble, Kirstin
name: Saraswat, Krishna C.
name: Pop, Eric
name: Wong, H. -S. Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gradual switching between multiple resistance levels is desirable for analog in-memory computing using resistive random-access memory (RRAM). However, the filamentary switching of $HfO_x$-based conventional RRAM often yields only two stable memory states instead of gradual switching between multiple resistance states. Here, we demonstrate that a thermal barrier of $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ (GST) between $HfO_x$ and the bottom electrode (TiN) enables wider and weaker filaments, by promoting heat spreading laterally inside the $HfO_x$. Scanning thermal microscopy suggests that $HfO_x+GST$ devices have a wider heating region than control devices with only $HfO_x$, indicating the formation of a wider filament. Such wider filaments can have multiple stable conduction paths, resulting in a memory device with more gradual and linear switching. The thermally-enhanced $HfO_x+GST$ devices also have higher on/off ratio ($>10^3$) than control devices ($<10^2$), and a median set voltage lower by approximately 1 V (~35%), with a corresponding reduction of the switching power. Our $HfO_x+GST$ RRAM shows 2x gradual switching range using fast (~ns) identical pulse trains with amplitude less than 2 V.
Quantum Corrections to Unimodular Gravity
Creators: name: Álvarez, Enrique
name: González-Martín, Sergio
name: Herrero-Valea, Mario
name: Martín, Carmelo P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of the cosmological constant appears in a new light in Unimodular Gravity. In particular, the zero momentum piece of the potential (that is, the constant piece independent of the matter fields) does not automatically produce a cosmological constant proportional to it. The aim of this paper is to give some details on a calculation showing that quantum corrections do not renormalize the classical value of this observable.
description: 34 pages
The effects of a cash transfer intervention on sexual partnerships and HIV in the HPTN 068 study in South Africa
Creators: name: Hill, L.M.
name: Twine, R.
name: Kilburn, K.
name: Kimaru, L.
name: Hove, J.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Khoza, N.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Selin, A.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: Stoner, M.C.D.
Publisher: name: Routledge
Year: 2019

description: Evidence on cash transfer interventions for HIV prevention in adolescent girls and young women is unclear and indicates that they may not work uniformly in all settings. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 girls and young women post-intervention to determine how a cash transfer study (HPTN 068) in South Africa was perceived to influence sexual behaviours and to explore mechanisms for these changes. Participants described how the intervention motivated them to increase condom use, have fewer partners, end risky relationships and access HIV testing services at local primary health clinics. Changes were attributed to receipt of the cash transfer, in addition to HIV testing and sexual health information. Processes of change included improved communication with partners and increased negotiation power in sexual decision-making. Economic empowerment interventions increase confidence in negotiating behaviours with sexual partners and are complementary to sexual health information and health services that provide young women with a foundation on which to make informed decisions about how to protect themselves.
Biomass Alginate Derived Oxygen-Enriched Carbonaceous Materials with Partially Graphitic Nanolayers for High Performance Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Creators: name: Sun, Xiaolei
name: Chen, Yao
name: Li, Yang
name: Luo, Feng
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: hierarchically porous structure
subject: high-rate capability
subject: lithium storage
subject: long cycle life
subject: oxygen-enriched carbon
subject: 570
subject: 540

description: Lithium-ion batteries with high reversible capacity, high-rate capability, and extended cycle life are vital for future consumer electronics and renewable energy storage. There is a great deal of interest in developing novel types of carbonaceous materials to boost lithium storage properties due to the inadequate properties of conventional graphite anodes. In this study, we describe a facile and low-cost approach for the synthesis of oxygen-doped hierarchically porous carbons with partially graphitic nanolayers (Alg-C) from pyrolyzed Na-alginate biopolymers without resorting to any kind of activation step. The obtained Alg-C samples were analyzed using various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope, to determine their structure and morphology. When serving as lithium storage anodes, the as-prepared Alg-C electrodes have outstanding electrochemical features, such as a high-rate capability (120 mAh g−1 at 3000 mA g−1) and extended cycling lifetimes over 5000 cycles. The post-cycle morphologies ultimately provide evidence of the distinct structural characteristics of the Alg-C electrodes. These preliminary findings suggest that alginate-derived carbonaceous materials may have intensive potential for next-generation energy storage and other related applications.
Second-order accurate numerical scheme with graded meshes for the nonlinear partial integrodifferential equation arising from viscoelasticity
Creators: name: Qiu, Wenlin
name: Xiao, Xu
name: Li, Kexin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33, 45K05, 65M12, 65M22, 65M60

description: This paper establishes and analyzes a second-order accurate numerical scheme for the nonlinear partial integrodifferential equation with a weakly singular kernel. In the time direction, we apply the Crank-Nicolson method for the time derivative, and the product-integration (PI) rule is employed to deal with Riemann-Liouville fractional integral. From which, the non-uniform meshes are utilized to compensate for the singular behavior of the exact solution at $t=0$ so that our method can reach second-order convergence for time. In order to formulate a fully discrete implicit difference scheme, we employ a standard centered difference formula for the second-order spatial derivative, and the Galerkin method based on piecewise linear test functions is used to approximate the nonlinear convection term. Then we derive the existence and uniqueness of numerical solutions for the proposed implicit difference scheme. Meanwhile, stability and convergence are proved by means of the discrete energy method. Furthermore, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we utilize a fixed point iterative algorithm to calculate the discrete scheme. Finally, numerical experiments illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed scheme, in which numerical results are consistent with our theoretical analysis.
Interaction between the components in Tm-Cr-Ge system at 1070 K
Creators: name: Romaka, L.
name: Stadnyk, Y.
name: Romaka, V.V.
name: Konyk, M.
Publisher: name: Ivano-Frankivsʹk : Fizyko-chimičnyj instytut DVNZ "Prykarpatsʹkyj nacionalʹnyj universytet imeni Vasylja Stefanyka"
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: crystal structure
subject: intermetallics
subject: phase equilibria
subject: ternary system
subject: 530
subject: 540

description: The phase equilibrium diagram of the Tm-Cr-Ge ternary system was constructed at a temperature 1070 K based on the results of X-ray phase, microstructural analyzes and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in the whole concentration range. At the temperature of investigation, two new ternary compounds are realized in the system: TmCr6Ge6 (SmMn6Sn6 structure type, space group P6/mmm, a=0.51506(1), c=0.82645(2) nm) and Tm4Cr4Ge7 (Zr4Co4Ge7 structure type, space group I4/mmm, а=1.39005(9), с=0.54441(1) nm). Inclusion of Cr atoms in the structure of the binary germanide TmGe2 (structure type ZrSi2) up to 10 at. % Cr leads to the formation of a solid solution TmCrxGe2 (x = 0-0.33).
Spinning correlators in large-charge CFTs
Creators: name: Dondi, Nicola
name: Kalogerakis, Ioannis
name: Moser, Rafael
name: Orlando, Domenico
name: Reffert, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically study correlators of a generic conformal field theory with a global O(2) symmetry in a sector of large global charge. We focus in particular on three- and four-point correlators with conserved current insertions sandwiched between spinful excited states corresponding to phonons over the large-charge vacuum. We also discuss loop corrections to the scaling dimensions and observe multiple logarithms in even dimensions.
description: 50 pages
MeV femtosecond electron pulses from direct-field acceleration in low density atomic gases
Creators: name: Varin, Charles
name: Marceau, Vincent
name: Hogan-Lamarre, Pascal
name: Fennel, Thomas
name: Piché, Michel
name: Brabec, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we show that few-MeV electrons can be produced by focusing tightly few-cycle radially-polarized laser pulses in a low-density atomic gas. In particular, it is observed that for the few-TW laser power needed to reach relativistic electron energies, longitudinal attosecond microbunching occurs naturally, resulting in femtosecond structures with high-contrast attosecond density modulations. The three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that in the relativistic regime the leading pulse of these attosecond substructures survives to propagation over extended distances, suggesting that it could be delivered to a distant target, with the help of a properly designed transport beamline.
description: 11 pages, accepted for publication in J. Phys. B
Ellerman Bombs with Jets: Cause and Effect
Creators: name: Reid, A.
name: Mathioudakis, M.
name: Scullion, E.
name: Doyle, J. G.
name: Shelyag, S.
name: Gallagher, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ellerman Bombs (EBs) are thought to arise as a result of photospheric magnetic reconnection. We use data from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST), to study EB events on the solar disk and at the limb. Both datasets show that EBs are connected to the foot-points of forming chromospheric jets. The limb observations show that a bright structure in the H$α$ blue wing connects to the EB initially fuelling it, leading to the ejection of material upwards. The material moves along a loop structure where a newly formed jet is subsequently observed in the red wing of H$α$. In the disk dataset, an EB initiates a jet which propagates away from the apparent reconnection site within the EB flame. The EB then splits into two, with associated brightenings in the inter-granular lanes (IGLs). Micro-jets are then observed, extending to 500 km with a lifetime of a few minutes. Observed velocities of the micro-jets are approximately 5-10 km s$^{-1}$, while their chromospheric counterparts range from 50-80 km s$^{-1}$. MURaM simulations of quiet Sun reconnection show that micro-jets with similar properties to that of the observations follow the line of reconnection in the photosphere, with associated H$α$ brightening at the location of increased temperature.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, 2 supplementary movies. Accepted to ApJ
String correlators on $\text{AdS}_3$: Analytic structure and dual CFT
Creators: name: Dei, Andrea
name: Eberhardt, Lorenz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue our study of string correlators on Euclidean $\text{AdS}_3$ with pure NS-NS flux. The worldsheet and spacetime correlators have a rich analytic structure, which we analyse completely for genus 0 four-point functions. We show that correlators exhibit a simple behaviour near their singularities. The spacetime correlators are meromorphic functions in the $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$-spins, whose pole structure is shown to agree with the prediction of a recent proposal for the dual $\text{CFT}_2$. Moreover, we also compute the residues of the spacetime correlators for some of the poles exactly and find again a perfect match with the proposal for the dual $\text{CFT}_2$, thereby checking the duality for some non-trivial four-point functions exactly. Our computations simplify drastically in the tensionless limit of $\mathrm{AdS}_3 \times \mathrm{S}^3 \times \mathbb{T}^4$ where the behaviour near the poles gives in fact the exact answer. This paper is the third in a series with several installments.
description: 33 pages
HST/WFC3 transmission spectroscopy of the cold rocky planet TRAPPIST-1h
Creators: name: Garcia, L. J.
name: Moran, S. E.
name: Rackham, B. V.
name: Wakeford, H. R.
name: Gillon, M.
name: de Wit, J.
name: Lewis, N. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: TRAPPIST-1 is a nearby ultra-cool dwarf star transited by seven rocky planets. We observed three transits of its outermost planet, TRAPPIST-1h, using the G141 grism of the Wide Field Camera 3 instrument aboard the Hubble Space Telescope to place constraints on its potentially cold atmosphere. In order to deal with the effect of stellar contamination, we model TRAPPIST-1 active regions as portions of a cooler and a hotter photosphere, and generate multi-temperature models that we compare to the out-of-transit spectrum of the star. Using the inferred spot parameters, we produce corrected transmission spectra for planet h under five transit configurations and compare these data to planetary atmospheric transmission models using the forward model CHIMERA. Our analysis reveals that TRAPPIST-1h is unlikely to host an aerosol-free H/He-dominated atmosphere. While the current data precision limits the constraints we can put on the planetary atmosphere, we find that the likeliest scenario is that of a flat, featureless transmission spectrum in the WFC3/G141 bandpass due to a high mean molecular weight atmosphere (>1000x solar), no atmosphere, or an opaque aerosol layer, all in absence of stellar contamination. This work outlines the limitations of modeling active photospheric regions with theoretical stellar spectra, and those brought by our lack of knowledge of the photospheric structure of ultracool dwarf stars. Further characterization of the planetary atmosphere of TRAPPIST-1h would require higher precision measurements over wider wavelengths, which will be possible with the James Webb Space Telescope.
(973) Mary Strickland
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Parameter inference in a computational model of hemodynamics in pulmonary hypertension: Supplemental Material
Creators: name: Colunga, Amanda L.
name: Colebank, Mitchel J.
name: Program, Reu
name: Olufsen, Mette S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) greater than
X-Ray Redshifts of Obscured Chandra Source Catalog AGN
Creators: name: Sicilian, Dominic
name: Civano, Francesca
name: Cappelluti, Nico
name: Buchner, Johannes
name: Peca, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have computed obscured AGN redshifts using the XZ method, adopting a broad treatment in which we employed a wide-ranging data set and worked primarily at the XZ counts sensitivity threshold, culminating with a redshift catalog containing 121 sources that lack documented redshifts. We considered 363 obscured AGN from the Chandra Source Catalog Release 2.0, 59 of which were selected using multiwavelength criteria while 304 were X-ray selected. One-third of the data set had cross-matched spectroscopic or photometric redshifts. These sources, dominated by low-$z$ and low-$N_H$ AGN, were supplemented by 1000 simulations to form a data set for testing the XZ method. We used a multi-layer perceptron neural network to examine and predict cases in which XZ fails to reproduce the known redshift, yielding a classifier that can identify and discard poor redshift estimates. This classifier demonstrated a statistically significant $\sim$3$σ$ improvement over the existing XZ redshift information gain filter. We applied the machine learning model to sources with no documented redshifts, resulting in the 121-source new redshift catalog, all of which were X-ray selected. Our neural network's performance suggests that nearly 90% of these redshift estimates are consistent with hypothetical spectroscopic or photometric measurements, strengthening the notion that redshifts can be reliably estimated using only X-rays, which is valuable to current and future missions such as Athena. We have also identified a possible Compton-thick candidate that warrants further investigation.
description: 34 pages, 20 figures, accepted by ApJ
Event Index - an LHCb Event Search System
Creators: name: Ustyuzhanin, Andrey
name: Artemov, Alexey
name: Kazeev, Nikita
name: Redkin, Artem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: During LHC Run 1, the LHCb experiment recorded around $10^{11}$ collision events. This paper describes Event Index - an event search system. Its primary function is to quickly select subsets of events from a combination of conditions, such as the estimated decay channel or number of hits in a subdetector. Event Index is essentially Apache Lucene optimized for read-only indexes distributed over independent shards on independent nodes.
description: Report for the proceedings of the CHEP-2015 conference
Patterns of efavirenz use as first-line antiretroviral therapy in the United States: 1999-2015
Creators: name: Mathews, W.C.
name: Mugavero, M.J.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Eaton, E.F.
name: O'Cleirigh, C.
name: Mollan, K.
name: Moore, R.D.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Bengtson, A.M.
name: Geng, E.
name: Pence, B.W.
Publisher: name: International Medical Press Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Background: Efavirenz has been a mainstay of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for over 15 years in the US. Its association with neuropsychiatric side effects may influence clinical prescribing and management. Methods: We included HIV-infected adults enrolled in care at seven sites across the US, who initiated combination ART between 1999 and 2015. We examined the proportion initiating and continuing on efavirenz, overall and by mental health status. Log binomial and Cox models were used to estimate associations between mental health, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and initiating or switching from efavirenz as first-line ART. Results: Of the 8,230 participants included, 3,710 (45%) initiated efavirenz. In multivariable analyses, prior mono- or dual-ART, ART initiation after 2006, being female, intravenous drug use, antidepressant prescription, previous mental health diagnosis and baseline CD4+ T-cell count >350 cells/mm3 were inversely associated with initiating efavirenz. Participants initiating efavirenz had a faster time to a regimen switch, compared with those initiating an efavirenz-free regimen (P-value <0.01). Among efavirenz initiators, starting efavirenz in more recent time periods and a previous mental health diagnosis were associated with faster time to switching from efavirenz. Despite this, 40-50% of participants with a previous mental health diagnosis initiated and continued on efavirenz for much of the follow-up period. Conclusions: Multiple clinical factors, including mental health diagnoses, appeared to influence efavirenz use. While mental health diagnosis status and more recent treatment starts were associated with shorter duration of efavirenz therapy, a previous mental health diagnosis did not preclude efavirenz initiation or continuation in many participants.
(966) Elizabeth [Craig]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Reconstructing cosmic evolution with a density parametrization
Creators: name: Nagpal, Ritika
name: Pacif, Shibesh Kumar Jas
name: Parida, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current paper provides a comprehensive examination of a dark energy cosmological model in the classical regime, in which a generic scalar field is regarded as a dark energy source. Einstein's field equations are solved in model independent way i.e. using a scheme of cosmological parametrization. A parametrization of the density parameter as a function of the cosmic scale factor has been investigated in this line. The result is noteworthy because it shows a smooth transition from a decelerating to an accelerating phase in the recent past. The model parameters involved in the functional form of the parametrization approach utilized here were constrained using certain external datasets. The updated Hubble datasets containing 57 datapoints, 1048 points of recently compiled Pantheon datasets, and also the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) datasets are used here to determine the best-fitting model parameter values. The expressions of several significant cosmological parameters are represented as a function of redshift `$z$' and illustrated visually for the best fit values of the model parameters to better comprehend cosmic evolution. The obtained model is also compared with the $ΛCDM$ model. Our model has a distinct behavior in future and shown a big crunch type collapse. The best fit values of the model parameters are also used to compute the current values of several physical and geometrical parameters, as well as phase transition redshift. To examine the nature of dark energy, certain cosmological tests and diagnostic analyses are done on the derived model.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures with sub figures
Supplemental File 1 from Placental genotype affects early postpartum maternal behaviour.
Creators: name: Gardner, Sarah
name: Grindstaff, Jennifer L.
name: Campbell, Polly
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplemental Figure and AICc Tables
(968) Elizabeth [Strickland]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Microwave-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a Bose-Einstein condensate on an atom chip
Creators: name: Dupont-Nivet, Matthieu
name: Casiulis, Mathias
name: Laudat, Théo
name: Westbrook, Christoph I.
name: Schwartz, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the achievement of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in the microwave frequency range between internal states of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) magnetically trapped in the vicinity of an atom chip. The STIRAP protocol used in this experiment is robust to external perturbations as it is an adiabatic transfer, and power-efficient as it involves only resonant (or quasi-resonant) processes. Taking into account the effect of losses and collisions in a non-linear Bloch equations model, we show that the maximum transfer efficiency is obtained for non-zero values of the one- and two-photon detunings, which is confirmed quantitatively by our experimental measurements.