cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Magnetic properties of a mixed spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 Ising model with an uniaxial and biaxial crystal-field potential
Creators: name: Jascur, Michal
name: Strecka, Jozef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic properties of a mixed spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 Ising model on honeycomb lattice are investigated within the framework of an exact star-triangle mapping transformation. The particular attention is focused on the effect of uniaxial and biaxial crystal-field potentials that basically influence the magnetic behaviour of the spin-3/2 atoms. Our results for the basic thermodynamic quantities, as well as the dynamical time-dependent autocorrelation function indicate the spin tunneling between the $| \pm \frac32>$ and $| \mp \frac12>$ states in two different magnetically ordered phases OP$_1$ and OP$_2$, respectively.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
ZASOBY LEŚNE – BAZA SUROWCOWA I ZNACZENIE W AGROBIZNESIE
Creators: name: Piwowar, Arkadiusz
name: Piwowar, Arkadiusz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: forest fruit
subject: forest mushroom
subject: forest herbs
subject: agribusiness

description: The main aim of this paper was to present the possibilities of usage of wood and non-wood forest resources in agribusiness. For the purposes of this paper a broad research on the literature of the subject in natural, medical and agrarian scien ces related to the potential of usage of forest resources has been conducted. This article presents also analyses on the amount and worth of purchase of selected elements of forest ecosystem in Poland. As the research shows, the value of purchase of forest fruit between 2008 and 2012 in Poland increased more than three times and the purchase of mushrooms increased almost two times. Altogether between 2008 and 2012 56,212 tons of forest fruits and 24,507 of mushrooms were purchased. The amount of purchase of forestry products in Poland is characterized by a signifi cant spatial differentiation. Analyses of spatial differentiation of the purchase of mushroom purchase in Poland between 2008 and 2012 showed that the majority of volume in this period came from suppliers located in Wielkopolskie voivodeship.
KONDYCJA FINANSOWA GMIN W WARUNKACH ZMIENNEJ KONIUNKTURY GOSPODARCZEJ
Creators: name: Satoła, Łukasz
name: Satoła, Łukasz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: financial condition
subject: municipality
subject: ratio analysis
subject: economic conditions
subject: local government

description: The aim of the study was to asses the fi nancial situation of municipalities in the terms of variable macroeconomic conditions. Ratio analysis and correlation analysis of variables (budget indicators) were used. Deterioration in the fi nancial situation of the municipalities in the period 2008-2012 related to the slowdown of the GDP growth has been shown. The analysis of indicators proved that the fi nancial crisis affected most negatively the fi nances of local governments in 2009-2010, subsequently adjustment measures took place. The fi nancial independence of municipalities and their propensity to invest decreased signifi - cantly. The crisis at the earliest and most substantially affected the biggest cities due to the high dependence of their budgets on tax revenue. Confi rmation of this relationship was also correlation analysis between current income and operating surplus of local governments. The deteriorating fi nancial condition and growing debt can cause an increase in the level of the fi nancial risk assumed by the municipalities.
Microstructure and continuous phase transition of a regular Hayward black hole in anti-de Sitter spacetime
Creators: name: Kumara, A. Naveena
name: Rizwan, C. L. Ahmed
name: Hegde, Kartheek
name: M., Ajith K.
name: Ali, Md Sabir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase transition of a regular Hayward-AdS black hole by introducing a new order parameter, the potential conjugate to the magnetic charge due to the non-linearly coupled electromagnetic field. We use Landau continuous phase transition theory to discuss the van der Waals like critical phenomena of the black hole. The popular interpretation of the AdS black hole phase transition as between a large and a small black hole is reinterpreted as the transition between a high potential phase and a low potential phase. The underlying microstructure for this phase transition is probed using the Ruppeiner geometry. By investigating the behaviour of the Ruppeiner scalar curvature, we find that the charged and uncharged (effective) molecules of the black hole have distinct microstructures analogous to fermion and boson gas.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
title: Integration of renewable energy systems in the future built environment
Creators: name: Karabagli, Kaan
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Integration
subject: Renewable Energy Systems
subject: Future Built Environment

description: Since the last century, technology has evolved like never before and entered to our lives. It has become more than a tool but a mechanism for survival of humankind. Renewable Energy Systems is one of the best examples for the technologies that play such a curtail role. With technology, human life span has extended and populations have increased faster and more, like ever before in the history of humankind. With the increasing high levels of population, the demand for energy increased more than ever and the consumption of natural energy resources have came to a level where a new source of energy has become crucial for the survival of humankind. With the renewable energy systems, the solution for that new energy resource have been found These are new technologies that sustain the way we consume energy and also help us produce energy for our needs. There are variety of different renewable energy systems. As the technology evolves, new and more evolved systems enter our lives, which enable more efficiency, less consumption and less investment. Though renewable energy energy is not a new term, the technology of renewable energy systems has stated gaining popularity since the last two decades. One of the largest problems of this technology is its integration to our lives. While it started as a more independent technology, today it is becoming more smart and generalized. The impacts of its integration to the built environment is gaining more importance with the bureaucratic and commercial impacts are brought up to the grid systems. This thesis opens up the possibilities of Renewable Energy Systems, its impacts in our lives and its future, by examining the integration of Renewable Energy Systems in the Built Environment.
REGIONALNE ZRÓŻNICOWANIE ROZWOJU ROLNICTWA EKOLOGICZNEGO W POLSCE
Creators: name: Szarek, Stanisław
name: Nowogródzka, Teresa
name: Szarek, Stanisław
name: Nowogródzka, Teresa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: organic farming
subject: sustainable development
subject: environmental function
subject: economic function
subject: social function

description: The aim of the study was to assess the degree of development of organic farming in the regions NUTS 1, applying the environmental, social and economic functions. Based on bibliographic and survey data, were constructed indicators of develop ment of those functions in the NUTS regions. It was found that the most developed organic farming was the most developed in north-west region, and the region north. Least developed organic farming was observed in the north-western and northern regions, while the least developed one in the southern region. Signifi cant differences existed in the area of the state of various functions realised by organic farming in the regions in focus.
Cool stars in the Galactic Center as seen by APOGEE: M giants, AGB stars and supergiant stars/candidates
Creators: name: Schultheis, M.
name: Rojas-Arriagada, A.
name: Cunha, K.
name: Zoccali, M.
name: Chiappini, C.
name: Queiroz, A. B. A.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Fritz, T.
name: García-Hernández, D. A.
name: Nitschelm, C.
name: Zamora, O.
name: Hasselquist, S.
name: Fernández-Trincado, J. G.
name: Munoz, R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic Center region, including the nuclear disk, has until recently been largely avoided in chemical census studies because of extreme extinction and stellar crowding. Making use of the latest APOGEE data release (DR16), we are able for the first time to study cool AGB stars and supergiants in this region. The stellar parameters of five known AGB stars and one supergiant star (VR 5-7) show that their location is well above the tip of the RGB.We study metallicities of 157 M giants situated within 150 pc of the Galactic center from observations obtained by the APOGEE survey with reliable stellar parameters from the APOGEE/ASPCAP pipeline making use of the cool star grid down to 3200 K. Distances, interstellar extinction values, and radial velocities were checked to confirm that these stars are indeed situated in the Galactic Center region. We detect a clear bimodal structure in the metallicity distribution function, with a dominant metal-rich peak of [Fe/H] ~ +0.3 dex and a metal-poor peak around [Fe/H]= -0.5 dex, which is 0.2 dex poorer than Baade's Window. The alpha-elements Mg, Si, Ca, and O show a similar trend to the Galactic Bulge. The metal-poor component is enhanced in the alpha-elements, suggesting that this population could be associated with the classical bulge and a fast formation scenario. We find a clear signature of a rotating nuclear stellar disk and a significant fraction of high velocity stars with $\rm v_{gal} > 300\,km/s$; the metal-rich stars show a much higher rotation velocity ($\rm \sim 200\,km/s$) with respect to the metal-poor stars ($\rm \sim 140\,km/s$). The chemical abundances as well as the metallicity distribution function suggest that the nuclear stellar disc and the nuclear star cluster show distinct chemical signatures and might be formed differently.
description: 12 pages, accepted for Astronomy&Astrophysics
Accretion disks around Black Holes with Advection and Optical Depth Transition
Creators: name: Artemova, Yu. V.
name: Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S.
name: Igumenshchev, I. V.
name: Novikov, I. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effects of advection and radial gradients of pressure and radial drift velocity on the structure of accretion disks around black holes with proper description of optically thick/thin transitions. We concentrated our efforts on the models with large accretion rate. Contrary to disk models neglecting advection, we find that continuous solutions extending from the outer disk regions to the inner edge exist for all accretion rates we have considered. We show that the sonic point moves outward with increasing accretion rate, and that in the innermost disk region advection acts as a heating process that may even dominate over dissipative heating. Despite the importance of advection on it's structure, the disk remains geometrically thin. Global solutions of advective accretion disks, which describe continuously the transition between optically thick outer region and optically thin inner region are constructed and analyzed.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, to be published in Proceedings of the Gamov Memorial International Conference, Odessa, Ukraine, August 8-14, 2004, Cambridge Scientific Publications
Hints of new physics in bottomonium decays and spectroscopy
Creators: name: Sanchis-Lozano, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-standard light CP-odd Higgs boson could induce a slight (but observable) lepton universality breakdown in Upsilon leptonic decays. Moreover, the mixing between such a pseudoscalar Higgs and $η_b$ states might shift the mass levels of the latter, thereby changing the values of the $m_{Υ(nS)}-m_{η_b(nS)}$ splittings predicted in the standard model. Besides, also the $η_b$ width could be broader than expected, with potentially negative consequences for its discovery in both $e^+e^-$ and hadron colliders.
description: 4 pages, 3 EPS figures, Talk given at BEACH 2004, 27/6/04 - 3/7/04 IIT Chicago
title: Characterization of narrowband microelectromechanical systems based detectors for integrated mid-infrared gas sensing
Creators: name: Rauter, Lukas
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: sensor
subject: detector
subject: photonic crystal
subject: mid-IR
subject: Bragg mirror

description: The underlying project of this work is performed in cooperation with Infineon Technologies Austria AG and the Johannes Kepler University of Linz. Work is done on the development, characterization and optimization of an optical carbon dioxide sensor, based on mid infrared absorption by the gaseous CO2 molecules. The construction of such a sensing system requires the integration of a mid-IR sensitive detector, attached to a waveguide, a radiation source and a wavelength selective filter structure. In this master thesis the experimental characterization of three different detectors will be presented. In addition to a simple bolometer and a P-N diode, a newer concept, a so-called vertical cavity enhanced detector is examined more closely. A big advantage of this detector is that it has an directly integrated wavelength selective filter, in the form of a Bragg mirror, tailored for 4.26 microns, according to the absorption spectrum of CO2. At the end it is demonstrated that the vertical cavity enhanced detector outperforms the other two and the cavity induces an increase in responsivity by a factor 7.1. As such this design can be easily optimized and integrated to specifically enhance the detector response around the design wavelength.
EKONOMICZNE I HYDRAULICZNE KRYTERIA UTRZYMANIA DOBREGO STANU ROWÓW MELIORACYJNYCH
Creators: name: Walczak, Natalia
name: Hämmerling, Mateusz
name: Bykowski, Jerzy
name: Walczak, Zbigniew
name: Walczak, Natalia
name: Hämmerling, Mateusz
name: Bykowski, Jerzy
name: Walczak, Zbigniew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The article analysed increased risk of local flooding as a result of reducing the fl ow capacity of ditches. The subject matter is important because of the possibility of reducing the effi ciency of agricultural crops as a result of malfunctioning of midfi eld ditches. The methodology was based on the fundamental equations describing the hydraulic parameters of water fl ow in the river. In order to reduce undesirable phenomenon the authors propose to perform regular maintenance, pointing to the economic justifi cation of the costs incurred related to improving the fl ow capacity of flume.
Typy zachowań oszczędnościowych osób młodych w Gruzji na przykładzie mieszkańców Tbilisi
Creators: name: Anioła-Mikołajczak, Paulina
name: Chudzian, Joanna
name: Pataraia, Larisa
name: Anioła-Mikołajczak, Paulina
name: Chudzian, Joanna
name: Pataraia, Larisa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: saving
subject: saving behaviour
subject: cluster analysis

description: The aim of this study is to distinguish the types of saving behaviour of young Georgians – residents of the capital Tbilisi. The objective was achieved using primary survey data and cluster analysis. Three types of saving behaviour strategies were distinguished: with cash, valuing safety and diversifying saving portfolio. Research indicates that among young residents of Georgia dominates the type of valuing safety. People belonging to this group place their savings in products with a low degree of risk, such as bank deposits in the national currency, cash and insurance policies.
Long-range/short-range separation of the electron-electron interaction in density functional theory
Creators: name: Toulouse, Julien
name: Colonna, Francois
name: Savin, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By splitting the Coulomb interaction into long-range and short-range components, we decompose the energy of a quantum electronic system into long-range and short-range contributions. We show that the long-range part of the energy can be efficiently calculated by traditional wave function methods, while the short-range part can be handled by a density functional. The analysis of this functional with respect to the range of the associated interaction reveals that, in the limit of a very short-range interaction, the short-range exchange-correlation energy can be expressed as a simple local functional of the on-top pair density and its first derivatives. This provides an explanation for the accuracy of the local density approximation (LDA) for the short-range functional. Moreover, this analysis leads also to new simple approximations for the short-range exchange and correlation energies improving the LDA.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. A
FeynGame
Creators: name: Harlander, R. V.
name: Klein, S. Y.
name: Lipp, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A java-based graphical tool for drawing Feynman diagrams is presented. It differs from similar existing tools in various respects. For example, it is based on models, consisting of particles (lines) and (optionally) vertices, each of which can be given their individual properties (line style, color, arrows, label, etc.). The diagrams can be exported in any standard image format, or as PDF. Aside from its plain graphical aspect, the goal of FeynGame is also educative, as it can check a Feynman diagrams validity. This provides the basis to play games with diagrams, for example. Here we describe on such game where a given set of initial and final states must be connected through a Feynman diagram within a given interaction model.
description: 26 pages, several figures and screenshots. FeynGame is available from https://gitlab.com/feyngame/FeynGame
title: 01_2106
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Application of finite element reliability analysis and decision tree analysis in seismic retrofit strategy selection
Creators: name: Matin, Imran
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Earthquakes were taking place from the very beginning of the earth’s creation. However, with the expansion of the human population and the civilization, the destructive nature of earthquakes is felt more frequently and vibrantly at the present time than before. With time, building codes for the earthquake resistant design are changing. Building owners are facing the pressure from themselves (morally, financially) and from the government, municipalities etc. to upgrade their structures to meet the present code standard. But to upgrade a structure, the owner is often required to make a considerable investment. Before making a decision to invest, an owner looks at how much the loss can be reduced due to the upgrade of his/her structure. Hence, it is the responsibility of the engineer to provide necessary information to the owners regarding different retrofit options and what benefit these retrofit options will yield, so that owners can make a comparison between different options prior to making a decision. There are uncertainties associated with the occurrence of future earthquakes and with the degree of damage of the structure given an earthquake. Therefore, with each outcome, there is probability associated. In NBCC 2005 (National Building Code of Canada 2005), earthquake hazard data is provided for the earthquakes that have 2% chance of occurrence in 50 years for major cities of Canada. Utilizing this information with finite element reliability analysis, it is then possible to determine the probability of failure of the structure for a defined damage state. In this thesis, finite element reliability analysis is used in conjunction with decision tree analysis, in order to provide a framework for presenting information to the owners. The damage state is defined by the cost of damage. From finite element reliability analysis, the failure probabilities of the structure with and without different retrofit options are determined. The probabilities of occurrence of different events considered in the decision tree are thereby determined. All information (probability and cost) are presented in a decision tree, so that owners can make their decision by comparing of the expected cost of different retrofit options as well as the "do nothing" option. A comprehensive numerical example is provided in this thesis to explain the proposed methodology.
Coexisting charge modulation and ferromagnetism produces long period phases in manganites: new example of electronic soft matter
Creators: name: Milward, G. C.
name: Calderon, M. J.
name: Littlewood, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenon of colossal magnetoresistance in manganites is generally agreed to be a result of competition between crystal phases with different electronic, magnetic, and structural order; a competition which can be strong enough to cause phase separation between metallic ferromagnet and insulating charge modulated states. Nevertheless, closer inspection of phase diagrams in many manganites reveals complex phases where the two order parameters of magnetism and charge modulation unexpectedly coexist. Here we show that such experiments can be naturally explained within a phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau theory. In contrast to models where phase separation originates from disorder or as a strain induced kinetic phenomenon, we argue that magnetic and charge modulation coexist in new thermodynamic phases. This leads to a rich diagram of equilibrium phases, qualitatively similar to those seen in experiment. The success of this model argues for a fundamental reinterpretation of the nature of charge modulation in these materials from a localised to a more extended "charge density wave" picture. The same symmetry considerations that favour textured coexistance of charge and magnetic order may apply to many electronic systems with competing phases. The resulting "Electronically soft" phases of matter with incommensurate, inhomogeneous and mixed order may be general phenomena in correlated systems.
description: 13 pages 4 figures
The cusp properties of High Harmonic Loops
Creators: name: Pazouli, Despoina
name: Avgoustidis, Anastasios
name: Copeland, Edmund J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In determining the gravitational signal of cusps from a network of cosmic strings loops, a number of key parameters have to be assumed. These include the typical number of cusps per period of string oscillation and the typical values of the sharpness parameters of left and right moving waves on the string, evaluated at the cusp event. Both of these are important, as the power stored in the gravitational waves emitted from the loops of string is proportional to the number of cusps per period, and inversely proportional to the product of the sharpness parameters associated with the left and right moving modes on the string. In suitable units both of these quantities are usually thought to be of order unity. In order to try and place these parameters on a more robust footing, we analyse in detail a large number of randomly chosen loops of string that can have high harmonics associated with them, such as one might expect to form by chopping off an infinite string in the early universe. This allows us to analyse tens of thousands of loops and obtain detailed statistics on these crucial parameters. While we find in general the sharpness parameters are indeed close to unity, as assumed in previous work (with occasional exceptions where they can become $O(10^{-2})$), the cusp number per period scales directly with the number of harmonics on the loop and can be significantly larger than unity. This opens up the possibility of larger signals than would have otherwise been expected, potentially leading to tighter bounds on the dimensionless cosmic string tension $Gμ$.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Super-hard Superconductivity
Creators: name: Young, D. P.
name: Modovan, M.
name: Prozorov, R.
name: Adams, P. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the magnetic response of Type-II superconductivity in the extreme pinning limit, where screening currents within an order of magnitude of the Ginzburg-Landau depairing critical current density develop upon the application of a magnetic field. We show that this "super-hard" limit is well approximated in highly disordered, cold drawn, Nb and V wires whose magnetization response is characterized by a cascade of Meissner-like phases, each terminated by a catastrophic collapse of the magnetization. Direct magneto-optic measurements of the flux penetration depth in the virgin magnetization branch are in excellent agreement with the exponential model in which J_c(B)=J_co exp(-B/B_o), where J_co~5x10^6 A/cm^2 for Nb. The implications for the fundamental limiting hardness of a superconductor are discussed.
description: corrected Fig. 1
title: A Software platform design approach for knowledge sharing and self-organization among crowd workers
Creators: name: Filler, Julia
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: crowd work
subject: software design
subject: software architecture
subject: collective intelligence system
subject: knowledge sharing
subject: design principles

description: Crowd work is a popular form of digital work. Anyone can work on crowd work platforms and it is a great way for companies to outsource tasks externally. This new form of work has developed strongly over the last few years, so that crowd workers and politics are now faced with grave grievances. This results in three problems: 1. There is no way to communicate with each other on a crowd work platform. 2. There are too many forums and chats where crowd workers can communicate with each other. This leads to a dissemination of knowledge. 3. Members of interest groups (e.g. Chamber of Labor in Vienna, ÖGB, IG Metall) have no possibility to get in direct contact with the crowd workers. In addition, there is a lack of opportunity to regularly collect the working conditions of the crowd worker. Our goal is to develop a central solution that addresses all these problems. Based on our research questions we first identified the needs of crowd workers, platform operators, employers and other stakeholders (e.g. chamber of labor in Vienna, ÖGB, IG Metall). Then we elaborated seven design principles and an architectural system design. These are intended to highlight key features to meet the needs of crowd workers and other stakeholders and to map identified business processes. The proposed approach follows an architectural design of a collective intelligence system (CIS). A CIS allows indirect communication among the users. This type of communication animates the system and leads to a lively exchange among users. To determine the correctness and usefulness of the design principles and the architectural design, a prototype has been implemented. In a case study, stakeholders were invited to evaluate the prototype. The results show a very good match between the design principles and the CIS approach for the crowd work domain. Therefore, it is concluded that the goal of the work has been achieved through the determined design principles and system design which optimally support crowd workers and stakeholders through a central platform.
Non-Minimal Coupling to a Lorentz-Violating Background and Topological Implications
Creators: name: Belich, H.
name: Costa-Soares, T.
name: Ferreira, M. M.
name: Helayel-Neto, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-minimal coupling of fermions to a background responsible for the breaking of Lorentz symmetry is introduced in Dirac's equation; the non-relativistic regime is contemplated, and the Pauli's equation is used to show how an Aharonov-Casher phase may appear as a natural consequence of the Lorentz violation, once the particle is placed in a region where there is an electric field. Different ways of implementing the Lorentz breaking are presented and, in each case, we show how to relate the Aharonov-Casher phase to the particular components of the background vector or tensor that realises the violation of Lorentz symmetry.
description: 8 pages, added references, no figures
On noncommutative isotropic harmonic oscillator
Creators: name: Kijanka, Agnieszka
name: Kosinski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy spectrum of isotropic oscillator as a function of noncommutativity parameter theta is studied. It is shown that for a dense set of values of theta the spectrum is degenerated and the algebra responsible for degeneracy can be always chosen to be sU(2). The generators of the algebra are constructed explicitely.
description: 8 pages, no figures
Beating the PNS attack in practical quantum cryptography
Creators: name: Wang, Xiang-Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In practical quantum key distribution, weak coherent state is often used and the channel transmittance can be very small therefore the protocol could be totally insecure under the photon-number-splitting attack. We propose an efficient method to verify the upper bound of the fraction of counts caused by multi-photon pluses transmitted from Alice to Bob, given whatever type of Eve's action. The protocol simply uses two coherent states for the signal pulses and vacuum for decoy pulse. Our verified upper bound is sufficiently tight for QKD with very lossy channel, in both asymptotic case and non-asymptotic case. The coherent states with mean photon number from 0.2 to 0.5 can be used in practical quantum cryptography. We show that so far our protocol is the $only$ decoy-state protocol that really works for currently existing set-ups.
description: So far this is the unique decoy-state protocol which really works efficiently in practice. Prior art results are commented in both main context and the Appendix
Edge plasmon-polaritons on isotropic semi-infinite conducting sheets
Creators: name: Margetis, Dionisios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 78A40 (Primary), 45E10

description: From a three-dimensional boundary value problem for the time harmonic classical Maxwell equations, we derive the dispersion relation for a surface wave, the edge plasmon-polariton (EP), that is localized near and propagates along the straight edge of a planar, semi-infinite sheet with a spatially homogeneous, scalar conductivity. The sheet lies in a uniform and isotropic medium; and serves as a model for some two-dimensional (2D) conducting materials such as the doped monolayer graphene. We formulate a homogeneous system of integral equations for the electric field tangential to the plane of the sheet. By the Wiener-Hopf method, we convert this system to coupled functional equations on the real line for the Fourier transforms of the fields in the surface coordinate normal to the edge, and solve these equations exactly. The derived EP dispersion relation smoothly connects two regimes: a low-frequency regime, where the EP wave number, $q$, can be comparable to the propagation constant, $k_0$, of the ambient medium; and the nonretarded frequency regime in which $|q|\gg |k_0|$. Our analysis indicates two types of 2D surface plasmon-polaritons on the sheet away from the edge. We extend the formalism to the geometry of two coplanar sheets.
description: 42 pages, 1 figure
Rotational invariance as an additional constraint on local realism
Creators: name: Nagata, Koji
name: Laskowski, Wieslaw
name: Wiesniak, Marcin
name: Zukowski, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rotational invariance of physical laws is a generally accepted principle. We show that it leads to an additional external constraint on local realistic models of physical phenomena involving measurements of multiparticle spin 1/2 correlations. This new constraint rules out such models even in some situations in which standard Bell inequalities allow for explicit construction of such models. The whole analysis is performed without any additional assumptions on the form of local realistic models.
description: 4 pages
The Full Color Two-Loop Six-Gluon All-Plus Helicity Amplitude
Creators: name: Dalgleish, Adam R.
name: Dunbar, David C.
name: Perkins, Warren B.
name: Strong, Joseph M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the full color two-loop six-point all-plus Yang-Mills amplitude in compact analytic form. The computation uses four dimensional unitarity and augmented recursion.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1911.06547
Valley pseudospin relaxation of charged excitons in monolayer MoTe$_2$
Creators: name: Smoleński, Tomasz
name: Kazimierczuk, Tomasz
name: Goryca, Mateusz
name: Nogajewski, Karol
name: Potemski, Marek
name: Kossacki, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zeeman effect induced by the magnetic field introduces a splitting between the two valleys at K$^+$ and K$^-$ points of the Brillouin zone in monolayer semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides. In consequence, the photoluminescence signal exhibits a field dependent degree of circular polarization. We present a comprehensive study of this effect in the case of a trion in monolayer MoTe$_2$, showing that although time integrated data allows us to deduce a g-factor of the trion state, such an analysis cannot be substantiated by the timescales revealed in the time-resolved experiments.
Classical/quantum integrability in non-compact sector of AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Kazakov, V. A.
name: Zarembo, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss non-compact SL(2,R) sectors in N=4 SYM and in AdS string theory and compare their integrable structures. We formulate and solve the Riemann-Hilbert problem for the finite gap solutions of the classical sigma model and show that at one loop it is identical to the classical limit of Bethe equations of the spin (-1/2) chain for the dilatation operator of SYM.
description: 27 pages, 1 figure; v2: unphysical windings around the time direction eliminated; v3: dicsussion of finite-size corrections removed
N=2 Supersymmetric Planar Particles and Magnetic Interaction from Noncommutativity
Creators: name: Lukierski, J.
name: Stichel, P. C.
name: Zakrzewski, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a N=2 supersymmetric extension of the nonrelativistic (2+1)-dimensional model describing particles on the noncommutative plane with scalar (electric) and vector (magnetic) interactions. First, we employ the N=2 superfield technique and show that in the presence of a scalar N=2 superpotential the magnetic interaction is implied by the presence of noncommutativity of position variables. Further, by expressing the supersymmetric Hamiltonian as a bilinear in N=2 supercharges we obtain two supersymmetric models with electromagnetic interactions and two different noncanonical symplectic structures describing noncommutativity. We show that both models are related by a map of the Seiberg-Witten type.
description: LaTeX,12 pages.Minor corrections; version appears in PLB
Transmission Estimation at the Cramér-Rao Bound for Squeezed States of Light in the Presence of Loss and Imperfect Detection
Creators: name: Woodworth, Timothy S.
name: Chan, Kam Wai Clifford
name: Hermann-Avigliano, Carla
name: Marino, Alberto M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Enhancing the precision of a measurement requires maximizing the information that can be gained about the quantity of interest from probing a system. For optical based measurements, such an enhancement can be achieved through two approaches, increasing the number of photons used to interrogate the system and using quantum states of light to increase the amount of quantum Fisher information gained per photon. Here we consider the use of quantum states of light with a large number of photons, namely the bright single-mode and two-mode squeezed states, that take advantage of both of these approaches for the problem of transmission estimation. We show that, in the limit of large squeezing, these states approach the maximum possible quantum Fisher information per photon for transmission estimation that is achieved with the Fock state and the vacuum two-mode squeezed state. Since the bright states we consider can be generated at much higher powers than the quantum states that achieve the maximum quantum Fisher information per photon, they can achieve an much higher absolute precision as quantified by the quantum Cramér-Rao bound. We discuss the effects of losses external to the system on the precision of transmission estimation and identify simple measurements techniques that can saturate the quantum Cramér-Rao bound for the bright squeezed states even in the presence of such external losses.
Time fractional Schrodinger equation
Creators: name: Naber, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33; 81Q05

description: The Schrodinger equation is considered with the first order time derivative changed to a Caputo fractional derivative, the time fractional Schrodinger equation. The resulting Hamiltonian is found to be non-Hermitian and non-local in time. The resulting wave functions are thus not invariant under time reversal. The time fractional Schrodinger equation is solved for a free particle and for a potential well. Probability and the resulting energy levels are found to increase over time to a limiting value depending on the order of the time derivative. New identities for the Mittag-Leffler function are also found and presented in an appendix.
description: 23 pages
Supplementary Information from Sensitivity of collective outcomes identifies pivotal components
Creators: name: Lee, Edward D.
name: Katz, Daniel M.
name: Bommarito, Michael J.
name: Ginsparg, Paul H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A social system is susceptible to perturbation when its collective properties depend sensitively on a few pivotal components. Using the information geometry of minimal models from statistical physics, we develop an approach to identify pivotal components to which coarse-grained, or aggregate, properties are sensitive. As an example, we introduce our approach on a reduced toy model with a median voter who always votes in the majority. The sensitivity of majority–minority divisions to changing voter behaviour pinpoints the unique role of the median. More generally, the sensitivity identifies pivotal components that precisely determine collective outcomes generated by a complex network of interactions. Using perturbations to target pivotal components in the models, we analyse datasets from political voting, finance and Twitter. Across these systems, we find remarkable variety, from systems dominated by a median-like component to those whose components behave more equally. In the context of political institutions such as courts or legislatures, our methodology can help describe how changes in voters map to new collective voting outcomes. For economic indices, differing system response reflects varying fiscal conditions across time. Thus, our information-geometric approach provides a principled, quantitative framework that may help assess the robustness of collective outcomes to targeted perturbation and compare social institutions, or even biological networks, with one another and across time.
Influence of grain growth on the thermal structure of protoplanetary discs
Creators: name: Savvidou, Sofia
name: Bitsch, Bertram
name: Lambrechts, Michiel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal structure of a protoplanetary disc is regulated by the opacity that dust grains provide. However, previous works have often considered simplified prescriptions for the dust opacity in hydrodynamical disc simulations, e.g. by considering only a single particle size. In the present work we perform 2D hydrodynamical simulations of protoplanetary discs where the opacity is self-consistently calculated for the dust population, taking into account the particle size, composition and abundance. We first compare simulations using single grain sizes to two different multi-grain size distributions at different levels of turbulence strengths, parameterized through the $α$-viscosity, and different gas surface densities. Assuming a single dust size leads to inaccurate calculations of the thermal structure of discs, because the grain size dominating the opacity increases with orbital radius. Overall the two grain size distributions, one limited by fragmentation only and the other determined from a more complete fragmentation-coagulation equilibrium, give similar results for the thermal structure. We find that both grain size distributions give less steep opacity gradients that result in less steep aspect ratio gradients, in comparison to discs with only micrometer sized dust. Moreover, in the discs with a grain size distribution, the innermost outward migration region is removed and planets embedded is such discs experience lower migration rates. We also investigate the dependency of the water iceline position on the alpha-viscosity, the initial gas surface density at 1 AU and the dust-to-gas ratio and find $r_{ice} \propto α^{0.61} Σ_{g,0}^{0.8} f_{DG}^{0.37}$ independently of the distribution used. The inclusion of the feedback loop between grain growth, opacities and disc thermodynamics allows for more self-consistent simulations of accretion discs and planet formation.
description: Accepted by A&A, 27 pages, 19 figures
Supplementary information from Condition dependence of phenotypic integration and the evolvability of genitalic traits in a neriid fly
Creators: name: Wylde, Zachariah
name: Bonduriansky, Russell
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: This file contains further details on methodology, background data and some additional discussion
Learning to See: You Are What You See
Creators: name: Akten, Memo
name: Fiebrink, Rebecca
name: Grierson, Mick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The authors present a visual instrument developed as part of the creation of the artwork Learning to See. The artwork explores bias in artificial neural networks and provides mechanisms for the manipulation of specifically trained for real-world representations. The exploration of these representations acts as a metaphor for the process of developing a visual understanding and/or visual vocabulary of the world. These representations can be explored and manipulated in real time, and have been produced in such a way so as to reflect specific creative perspectives that call into question the relationship between how both artificial neural networks and humans may construct meaning.
description: Presented as an Art Paper at SIGGRAPH 2019