Multiwavelength study of the gravitationally lensed blazar QSO B0218+357 between 2016 and 2020
Creators: name: MAGIC Collaboration
name: Acciari, V. A.
name: Ansoldi, S.
name: Antonelli, L. A.
name: Engels, A. Arbet
name: Artero, M.
name: Asano, K.
name: Baack, D.
name: Babić, A.
name: Baquero, A.
name: de Almeida, U. Barres
name: Barrio, J. A.
name: Batković, I.
name: González, J. Becerra
name: Bednarek, W.
name: Bellizzi, L.
name: Bernardini, E.
name: Bernardos, M.
name: Berti, A.
name: Besenrieder, J.
name: Bhattacharyya, W.
name: Bigongiari, C.
name: Biland, A.
name: Blanch, O.
name: Bonnoli, G.
name: Bošnjak, Ž.
name: Busetto, G.
name: Carosi, R.
name: Ceribella, G.
name: Cerruti, M.
name: Chai, Y.
name: Chilingarian, A.
name: Cikota, S.
name: Colak, S. M.
name: Colombo, E.
name: Contreras, J. L.
name: Cortina, J.
name: Covino, S.
name: D'Amico, G.
name: D'Elia, V.
name: Da Vela, P.
name: Dazzi, F.
name: De Angelis, A.
name: De Lotto, B.
name: Delfino, M.
name: Delgado, J.
name: Mendez, C. Delgado
name: Depaoli, D.
name: Di Pierro, F.
name: Di Venere, L.
name: Espiñeira, E. Do Souto
name: Prester, D. Dominis
name: Donini, A.
name: Dorner, D.
name: Doro, M.
name: Elsaesser, D.
name: Ramazani, V. Fallah
name: Fattorini, A.
name: Ferrara, G.
name: Fonseca, M. V.
name: Font, L.
name: Fruck, C.
name: Fukami, S.
name: López, R. J. García
name: Garczarczyk, M.
name: Gasparyan, S.
name: Gaug, M.
name: Giglietto, N.
name: Giordano, F.
name: Gliwny, P.
name: Godinović, N.
name: Green, J. G.
name: Green, D.
name: Hadasch, D.
name: Hahn, A.
name: Heckmann, L.
name: Herrera, J.
name: Hoang, J.
name: Hrupec, D.
name: Hütten, M.
name: Inada, T.
name: Inoue, S.
name: Ishio, K.
name: Iwamura, Y.
name: Jiménez, I.
name: Jormanainen, J.
name: Jouvin, L.
name: Kajiwara, Y.
name: Karjalainen, M.
name: Kerszberg, D.
name: Kobayashi, Y.
name: Kubo, H.
name: Kushida, J.
name: Lamastra, A.
name: Lelas, D.
name: Leone, F.
name: Lindfors, E.
name: Lombardi, S.
name: Longo, F.
name: López-Coto, R.
name: López-Moya, M.
name: López-Oramas, A.
name: Loporchio, S.
name: Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira
name: Maggio, C.
name: Majumdar, P.
name: Makariev, M.
name: Mallamaci, M.
name: Maneva, G.
name: Manganaro, M.
name: Mannheim, K.
name: Maraschi, L.
name: Mariotti, M.
name: Martínez, M.
name: Mazin, D.
name: Menchiari, S.
name: Mender, S.
name: Mićanović, S.
name: Miceli, D.
name: Miener, T.
name: Minev, M.
name: Miranda, J. M.
name: Mirzoyan, R.
name: Molina, E.
name: Moralejo, A.
name: Morcuende, D.
name: Moreno, V.
name: Moretti, E.
name: Neustroev, V.
name: Nigro, C.
name: Nilsson, K.
name: Nishijima, K.
name: Noda, K.
name: Nozaki, S.
name: Ohtani, Y.
name: Oka, T.
name: Otero-Santos, J.
name: Paiano, S.
name: Palatiello, M.
name: Paneque, D.
name: Paoletti, R.
name: Paredes, J. M.
name: Pavletić, L.
name: Peñil, P.
name: Perennes, C.
name: Persic, M.
name: Moroni, P. G. Prada
name: Prandini, E.
name: Priyadarshi, C.
name: Puljak, I.
name: Rhode, W.
name: Ribó, M.
name: Rico, J.
name: Righi, C.
name: Rugliancich, A.
name: Saha, L.
name: Sahakyan, N.
name: Saito, T.
name: Sakurai, S.
name: Satalecka, K.
name: Saturni, F. G.
name: Schleicher, B.
name: Schmidt, K.
name: Schweizer, T.
name: Sitarek, J.
name: Šnidarić, I.
name: Sobczynska, D.
name: Spolon, A.
name: Stamerra, A.
name: Strom, D.
name: Strzys, M.
name: Suda, Y.
name: Surić, T.
name: Takahashi, M.
name: Tavecchio, F.
name: Temnikov, P.
name: Terzić, T.
name: Teshima, M.
name: Tosti, L.
name: Truzzi, S.
name: Tutone, A.
name: Ubach, S.
name: van Scherpenberg, J.
name: Vanzo, G.
name: Acosta, M. Vazquez
name: Ventura, S.
name: Verguilov, V.
name: Vigorito, C. F.
name: Vitale, V.
name: Vovk, I.
name: Will, M.
name: Wunderlich, C.
name: Zarić, D.
name: de Palma, F.
name: D'Ammando, F.
name: Barnacka, A.
name: Sahu, D. K.
name: Hodges, M.
name: Hovatta, T.
name: Kiehlmann, S.
name: Max-Moerbeck, W.
name: Readhead, A. C. S.
name: Reeves, R.
name: Pearson, T. J.
name: Lähteenmäki, A.
name: Björklund, I.
name: Tornikoski, M.
name: Tammi, J.
name: Suutarinen, S.
name: Hada, K.
name: Niinuma, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report multiwavelength observations of the gravitationally lensed blazar QSO B0218+357 in 2016-2020. Optical, X-ray and GeV flares were detected. The contemporaneous MAGIC observations do not show significant very-high-energy (VHE, &gt;= 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission. The lack of enhancement in radio emission measured by OVRO indicates the multi-zone nature of the emission from this object. We constrain the VHE duty cycle of the source to be &lt; 16 2014-like flares per year (95% confidence). For the first time for this source, a broadband low-state SED is constructed with a deep exposure up to the VHE range. A flux upper limit on the low-state VHE gamma-ray emission of an order of magnitude below that of the 2014 flare is determined. The X-ray data are used to fit the column density of (8.10 +- 0.93 stat ) x 10^21 cm^-2 of the dust in the lensing galaxy. VLBI observations show a clear radio core and jet components in both lensed images, yet no significant movement of the components is seen. The radio measurements are used to model the source-lens-observer geometry and determine the magnifications and time delays for both components. The quiescent emission is modeled with the high-energy bump explained as a combination of synchrotron-self-Compton and external Compton emission from a region located outside of the broad line region. The bulk of the low-energy emission is explained as originating from a tens-of-parsecs scale jet.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS