cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ab Initio Cycloidal and Chiral Magnetoelectric Responses in Cr$_{2}$O$_{3}$
Creators: name: Tillack, Natalie
name: Yates, Jonathan R
name: Radaelli, Paolo G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a thorough density functional theory study of the magneto-electric (ME) effect in Cr$_{2}$O$_{3}$. The spin-lattice ME tensor $α$ was determined in the low-field and spin flop (SF) phases, using the method of dynamical magnetic charges, and found to be the sum of three distinct components. Two of them, a large relativistic "cycloidal" term and a small longitudinal term, are independent on the spin orientation. The third, only active in the SF phases is also of relativistic origin and arises from magnetic-field-induced chirality, leading to a non-toroidal ME response.
description: 5 pages with 2 figures, 2 pages supplementary material
The Museum Collections of Craft Teacher Training. Cultural heritage serving education and research
Creators: name: Tegelberg, Jaana
Publisher: name: International Committee for University Museums and Collections (UMAC)
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: craft science
subject: textile collections
subject: woman handicraft
subject: textile history
subject: 060 Organisationen, Museumswissenschaft

description: Craft science only got its name in the early 1990s. Its field of research combines science, art and technology. The Collections of Craft Teacher Training in the Helsinki University Museum present the link between tradition and modern science. The first school of women’s handicraft in Finland was opened in Helsinki 1881, and four years later the teacher training was started at the school. In 1975 the school was integrated with the University of Helsinki, and today the section of craft science and textiles teacher education has two professorships. The teachers in the school collected and donated textile objects for teaching demonstrations and research. Today the collections comprise some 6,000 objects ranging from adults’ and children’s clothing accessories to textiles made by using various techniques. The oldest of these textiles date from the mid-1800s. In 2003 the Museum Collections of Craft Science were transferred to the Helsinki University Museum. The collections are now taken care of by professional museum staff in close cooperation with craft science lecturers. The lecturers still use the collections in their teaching and research, and theses have been made about museum textiles. The collections are used in teaching designing and making of textiles, costume and textile history, and object-based research to examine crafts skills in different periods, the relationship of such skills to art and fashion as well as the relationship between hand-made and machine-made objects. This collection is, in fact, one of the rare museum collections in the Helsinki University, which still are in educational and scientific use.
Additional file 1 of Developmental trajectories of tobacco use and risk factors from adolescence to emerging young adulthood: a population-based panel study
Creators: name: Kim, Seong Yeon
name: Cho, Sung-il
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. KCYPS questionnaires on school adjustment and mobile phone dependency. Table S2. General characteristics of the complete cases (Model 1, n = 1,540). Table S3. General characteristics of the complete cases (Model 2, n = 1,618). Table S4. Weighted odds ratios between smoking trajectories and covariates using multinomial logistic regression analyses for complete case data.
A preliminary survey of university art museums in Southeast Asia
Creators: name: Li-Jen, Tan
Publisher: name: International Committee for University Museums and Collections (UMAC)
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Southeast Asia
subject: University museums
subject: NUS Museum
subject: National University of Singapore
subject: 060 Organisationen, Museumswissenschaft

description: This paper presents a preliminary survey of the university museums landscape in Southeast Asia, some of the challenges confronting each of these institutions, and the different curatorial strategies employed in relation to specific needs of each university museum. These issues have not been well documented or discussed. Recent efforts by a group of university museums in Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia to initiate a regional platform where discussions and practices can be exchanged will be discussed in this article. Considering the dramatic growth of museums and their exhibitions in Asia, this initiative acknowledges the need for a network that encourages innovative and sustainable strategies in mobilizing university museum collections and curatorial collaborations.
Valid population inference for information-based imaging: From the second-level $t$-test to prevalence inference
Creators: name: Allefeld, Carsten
name: Görgen, Kai
name: Haynes, John-Dylan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In multivariate pattern analysis of neuroimaging data, 'second-level' inference is often performed by entering classification accuracies into a $t$-test vs chance level across subjects. We argue that while the random-effects analysis implemented by the $t$-test does provide population inference if applied to activation differences, it fails to do so in the case of classification accuracy or other 'information-like' measures, because the true value of such measures can never be below chance level. This constraint changes the meaning of the population-level null hypothesis being tested, which becomes equivalent to the global null hypothesis that there is no effect in any subject in the population. Consequently, rejecting it only allows to infer that there are some subjects in which there is an information effect, but not that it generalizes, rendering it effectively equivalent to fixed-effects analysis. This statement is supported by theoretical arguments as well as simulations. We review possible alternative approaches to population inference for information-based imaging, converging on the idea that it should not target the mean, but the prevalence of the effect in the population. One method to do so, 'permutation-based information prevalence inference using the minimum statistic', is described in detail and applied to empirical data.
description: manuscript accepted by NeuroImage, plus minor fixes and a note added after publication
UV (in)sensitivity of Higgs inflation
Creators: name: Fumagalli, Jacopo
name: Postma, Marieke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The predictions of Standard Model Higgs inflation are in excellent agreement with the Planck data, without the need for new fields. However, consistency of the theory requires the presence of (unknown) threshold corrections. These modify the running of the couplings, and thereby change the shape of the inflationary potential. This raises the question how sensitive the CMB parameters are to the UV completion. We show that, due to a precise cancellation, the inflationary predictions are almost unaffected. This implies in general that one cannot relate the spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio to the precise top and Higgs mass measurements at the LHC, nor can one probe effects of UV physics on the running.
description: 30 pages, 3 figures
title: Understanding chemokines in the oral mucosa
Creators: name: Reilly, Robert James Rees
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2023

description: Introduction: The gingiva is a unique barrier tissue exposed to masticatory forces, microbial insult, and food and airborne antigens. A bespoke immune network is essential to maintain homeostasis in this dynamic environment. Leukocytes, including CD4+ T cells, are central to maintaining oral health and are pivotal in oral disease pathogenesis. There is currently limited insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate cellular recruitment to the gingival barrier. Chemokines, the main in vivo regulator of leukocyte recruitment, are likely to orchestrate cellular recruitment to the gingiva as they are crucial to maintaining homeostasis at other barrier tissues. This thesis sought to define the chemokine landscape in healthy gingiva, compare chemokine expression between health and periodontitis and characterise the chemokine receptor repertoire of CD4+ T cells in the gingiva. Results: The chemokine landscape in the gingiva differed from the skin and small intestine. In gingival tissues, the CXCL12/CXCL14/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis was highly expressed and conserved between mammalian species. The chemokine landscape was similar in health and periodontitis, except for neutrophil chemoattractants and CXCL14, which were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in periodontitis. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 was highly expressed on gingival CD4+ T cells and upregulated compared to lymph node CD4+ T cells. Chemokine receptors responsible for skin and small intestine homing were minimally expressed on gingival CD4+ T cells. Conclusions: The gingival chemokine landscape is unique compared to other barrier tissues. The mechanisms regulating CD4+ T cells migration to gingiva are likely distinct from the skin and small intestine. The similarity in chemokine expression between health and periodontitis may reflect the need for constant immunosurveillance at the gingival barrier. These findings, in the context of previously published data, suggest a prominent role for CXCL12/CXCL14/CXCR4 and ACKR3 in regulating homeostasis at the oral barrier. Further investigation is warranted to understand the precise role of this axis in more detail, and this may identify novel therapeutic targets to treat immune-mediated oral disease.
On the generalized Approximate Weak Chebyshev Greedy Algorithm
Creators: name: Dereventsov, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study greedy approximation in Banach spaces. We discuss a modification of the Weak Chebyshev Greedy Algorithm, in which steps of the algorithm can be executed imprecisely. Such inaccuracies are represented by both absolute and relative errors, which provides more flexibility for numerical applications. We obtain the conditions on the error parameters that guarantee convergence of the algorithm in all uniformly smooth Banach spaces and prove that these conditions are sharp. Additionally, we discuss the conditions that need to be imposed on a Banach space to guarantee convergence of the Chebyshev Greedy Algorithm, and construct a smooth Banach space in which the algorithm diverges.
Spectra of linear fractional composition operators on the Hardy and weighted Bergman spaces of the half-plane
Creators: name: Schroderus, Riikka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47B33

description: We compute the spectra and the essential spectra of bounded linear fractional composition operators acting on the Hardy and weighted Bergman spaces of the upper half-plane. We are also able to extend the results to weighted Dirichlet spaces of the upper half-plane.
description: 14 pages
Why Responsible Innovation
Creators: name: Schomberg, Von
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: responsible innovation
open science
science and technology policy
societal challenges

description: Responsible Innovation as institutional change to address the 6 Deficits of the Global Research and Innovation sytem1. 1 Need for governance mechanisms for outcomes of Science, Technology and Innovation Address market failures in order to deliver on societally desirable innovations Align Science. Technology and innovation policy with broadly shared public values. Shift focus from technological potentials to societally desirable objectives Shift to open scholarship in order to make science better by improved reproduceabilty, efficiency and more responsiveness to societal challenges Implement anticipatory governance mechanisms in the policy making process by using a combination of Foresight, technology assessment and normative (participatory) design.
Measurement of the Average Energy per Ion-Pair with Monoenergetic Electrons of Energy Less than 5keV
Creators: name: Waker, Anthony John
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 1974

description: The detailed measurement of the integral W-value, that is the mean energy required to form: an ion-pair, has been carried out for monoenergetic electrons in methane and the tissue-equivalent gas of Rossi and Failla (R.1). Measurements have been made over the electron energy range of 16eV to 5keV. The principle of the determination of W is the measurement of the ionization produced by the complete absorption of a monoenergetic electron beam of known intensity in the gas under investigation. The apparatus designed and developed to carry out this measurement is fully described as are its experimental characteristics. An analytical estimation of the influence of the ionization chamber collecting field on the energy of the primary electrons is also described. W has been evaluated from both positive and negative ionization current data. It was seen that below 200eV,; when an ionization chamber gas pressure of around 0.1 Torr. was used, only positive data could be used for the evaluation of W due to the effects of diffusion and the applied collecting field on negative charges. The results of the measurements show for both gases that above primary electron energies of 2keV the W-value can be considered to be constant. These high energy values of W of 27.2eV and 29.4eV for methane and tissue-equivalent gas respectively agree well with other high energy values found in literature. Below 2keV the variation of W with energy was found to be complex. Apart from a general increase in VY and an even sharper increase within a few electron volts of the ionization potential for each gas there was found a relative maximum of the W-value (40eV) in the region of the K-shell binding energies of the various atoms comprising the gas molecules. Although no theoretical explanation exists at the present time for the position of the relative maxima in W (E), that there is some connection with the K-shell binding energies is further suggested by peaks in the differential W-value,®, which was evaluated from the measurements of W. Finally, the results show a clear difference between measurements of W using low energy electrons and low energy photons and a qualitative explanation is offered for this.
Exceptionally simple PDE
Creators: name: The, Dennis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J70 (Primary), 22E46, 53D10 (Secondary)

description: We give local descriptions of parabolic contact structures and show how their flat models yield explicit PDE having symmetry algebras isomorphic to all complex simple Lie algebras except $\mathfrak{sl}_2$. This yields a remarkably uniform generalization of the Cartan-Engel models from 1893 in the $G_2$ case. We give a formula for the harmonic curvature of a $G_2$-contact structure and describe submaximally symmetric models for general $G$-contact structures.
description: Abstract and introduction revised; exposition improved and text reorganized; Section 4.1 on G2-contact structures is new
Solving discrete logarithms on a 170-bit MNT curve by pairing reduction
Creators: name: Guillevic, Aurore
name: Morain, François
name: Thomé, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Pairing based cryptography is in a dangerous position following the breakthroughs on discrete logarithms computations in finite fields of small characteristic. Remaining instances are built over finite fields of large characteristic and their security relies on the fact that the embedding field of the underlying curve is relatively large. How large is debatable. The aim of our work is to sustain the claim that the combination of degree 3 embedding and too small finite fields obviously does not provide enough security. As a computational example, we solve the DLP on a 170-bit MNT curve, by exploiting the pairing embedding to a 508-bit, degree-3 extension of the base field.
description: to appear in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
title: Pre-election communication in public good games with endogenous leaders
Creators: name: Bruttel, Lisa Verena
name: Eisenkopf, Gerald
name: Nithammer, Juri
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: Leadership plays an important role for the efficient and fair solution of social dilemmas but the effectiveness of a leader can vary substantially. Two main factors of leadership impact are the ability to induce high contributions by all group members and the (expected) fair use of power. Participants in our experiment decide about contributions to a public good. After all contributions are made, the leader can choose how much of the joint earnings to assign to herself; the remainder is distributed equally among the followers. Using machine learning techniques, we study whether the content of initial open statements by the group members predicts their behavior as a leader and whether groups are able to identify such clues and endogenously appoint a “good” leader to solve the dilemma. We find that leaders who promise fairness are more likely to behave fairly, and that followers appoint as leaders those who write more explicitly about fairness and efficiency. However, in their contribution decision, followers focus on the leader’s first-move contribution and place less importance on the content of the leader’s statements.
description: CEPA Discussion Papers; 73
Possible "Magnéli" phases and self-alloying in the superconducting sulfur hydride
Creators: name: Akashi, Ryosuke
name: Sano, Wataru
name: Arita, Ryotaro
name: Tsuneyuki, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically give an infinite number of metastable crystal structures for the superconducting sulfur hydride H$_{x}$S under pressure. It has been thought that theoretically predicted structures of H$_{2}$S and H$_{3}$S exhibit low and high $T_{\rm c}$ in the experiment, respectively. The newly found structures are long-period modulated crystals where slab-like H$_{2}$S and H$_{3}$S regions intergrow in a microscopic scale. The extremely small formation enthalpy for the H$_{2}$S--H$_{3}$S boundary indicated with the first-principles calculations suggests possible alloying of these phases through formation of local H$_{3}$S regions. The modulated structures and gradual alloying transformations between them not only explain the peculiar pressure dependence of $T_{\rm c}$ in sulfur hydride observed experimentally, but also could prevail in the experimental samples under various compression schemes.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures. ver2: Tc calculation and Xray simulation added
Drinking during social isolation: investigating associations between stress, inhibitory control, boredom, drinking motives, and alcohol use
Creators: name: Clay, James M.
name: Fontana, Barbara D.
name: Proserpio, Cristina
name: Fernandez, Eduardo J.
name: Pagliarini, Ella
name: Lopes, Fernando
name: López-Moreno, José Antonio
name: Canales, Juan J.
name: Loyant, Louise
name: Doron, Ravid
name: Stafford, Lorenzo D.
name: Parker, Matthew O.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: We aimed to assess whether stress, boredom, drinking motives, and/or inhibitory control were related to alcohol use during a period of social isolation. Method: Analyses were carried out on questionnaire data (N = 337) collected during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (7 April–3 May 2020). We first assessed changes in drinking behavior, stress and boredom. We then regressed drinking behavior on drinking motives, inhibitory control, stress, and boredom. We also investigated interactions between change in stress/boredom and inhibitory control. Results: A minority of respondents reported increased alcohol use (units = 23.52%, drinking days = 20.73%, heavy days = 7.06%), alcohol-related problems (9.67%), and stress (36.63%). Meanwhile, most respondents reported increased boredom (67.42%). Similarly, boredom significantly increased (B = 21.22, p < .001), on average, while alcohol-related problems decreased (B = −1.43 p < .001). Regarding drinking motives, decreased alcohol-related problems were associated with social drinking motives (B = −0.09, p = .005). Surprisingly, risk-taking was associated with decreased alcohol-related problems (B = −0.02, p = .008) and neither stress nor boredom independently predicted changes in alcohol use. Finally, several significant interactions suggested that those who were more impulsive and less bored were more likely to report increased alcohol use and vice versa. Conclusions: These data provide a nuanced overview of changes in drinking-related behavior during the COVID-19-induced period of social isolation. While most people reduced their drinking, there was evidence of complex interactions between impulsivity and boredom that may be explored in future studies.
Increasing support for alternatives to incarceration for drug use: is the brain disease model of addiction effective?
Creators: name: Ricardo, Mia M.
name: Henderson, Craig E.
name: Reed, Krystia
name: Salami, Temilola
name: Drislane, Laura
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The National Institute of Drug Addiction has promoted the Brain Disease Model of Addiction (BDMA) for several decades, believing it will have a positive impact on drug-related social policies. Per research, neither understanding nor accepting the BDMA positively influences social behavior and decision making related to decreased stigma or increased support for treatment and funding for substance use disorders. An alternative model, the Malleability Model, focuses on the changeability of psychopathology associated with psychiatric disorders, and is associated with decreased hopelessness and increased prognostic optimism. The Moral Weakness Model focuses on moral character as the reason for addiction and is associated with punitive responses to use disorders. The current study sought to identify whether Malleability values were more predictive of willingness to vote for harm reduction (HR) policies than BDMA and Moral values (H1); and if agreement with Malleability values were more predictive of willingness to fund such policies than agreement with BDMA and Moral values (H2). Contrary to hypotheses, results indicated the Malleability Model failed to predict votes and donations, while agreement with the Moral Weakness Model and conservative political affiliation was predictive of lower HR donations. Agreement with the BDMA did not reliably predict votes and donations to policies; the associations reflected were tenuous and should be interpreted with caution. Overall, results indicated the Malleability Model did not increase votes and donations to HR policies, while agreement with Moral Weakness Model and conservative affiliation consistently predicted votes and donations.
Examining within- and between-person facets of negative affect and associations with daily craving among young adults in substance use disorder recovery
Creators: name: Chiang, Shou-Chun
name: Knapp, Kyler S.
name: Bai, Sunhye
name: Cleveland, H. Harrington
name: Harris, Kitty S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The role of negative affect in precipitating drug craving and relapse among young adults in recovery from substance use disorder (SUD) is well documented. However, most studies focus on negative affect as a trait-level congregate of multiple negative emotion states. The present study examined the associations between specific facets of negative affect, college stressors, and craving among young adult college students in SUD recovery. Data were drawn from a three-week daily diary study of 50 students participating in a collegiate recovery community at a U.S. university (Mage = 21.42, 76% males). At the within-person level, craving was higher on days when young adults experienced higher than usual anger, fear, and sadness, but not guilt. At the between-person level, individuals higher in agitation reported greater levels of craving on average. Moderation analyses further showed that college stressors heightened the within-person association between anger and craving. Findings demonstrate that negative affect is not monolithic and that its different aspects are uniquely associated with craving at both between- and within-person levels. Findings from this study could guide collegiate SUD recovery programs that wish to provide greater support to their members by helping them identify both individual- and time-specific relapse risks, such as generally high levels of agitation or days when anger, fear, or sadness are higher than usual for a particular individual. Our findings also suggest that future research should consider distinct features and implications of affective structures at between- and within-person levels, and how these may be uniquely associated with craving.
Strandbad Wollishofen - Wollishofer Blog
Creators: name: Brändli, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 797 Wasser- und Luftsport
subject: 949 Geschichte anderer Teile Europas
subject: Zürich-Wollishofen
subject: Freibad

description: Ein Blog zu Geschichte und Quartierleben des Zürcher Stadtquartiers Wollishofen auf wollipedia.ch. Mit Texten von Sebastian Brändli (SB) und Ansichtskarten aus der Sammlung von Markus Zimmermann (MZ).
Additional file 2 of Membrane transporters control cerebrospinal fluid formation independently of conventional osmosis to modulate intracranial pressure
Creators: name: Oernbo, Eva K.
name: Steffensen, Annette B.
name: Razzaghi Khamesi, Pooya
name: Toft-Bertelsen, Trine L.
name: Barbuskaite, Dagne
name: Vilhardt, Frederik
name: Gerkau, Niklas J.
name: Tritsaris, Katerina
name: Simonsen, Anja H.
name: Lolansen, Sara D.
name: Andreassen, Søren N.
name: Hasselbalch, Steen G.
name: Zeuthen, Thomas
name: Rose, Christine R.
name: Kurtcuoglu, Vartan
name: MacAulay, Nanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary data for mathematical modelling.
Gapped triplet $p$-wave superconductivity in strong spin-orbit-coupled semiconductor quantum wells in proximity to $s$-wave superconductor
Creators: name: Yu, T.
name: Wu, M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the {\it gapped} triplet superconductivity, i.e., a triplet superconductor with triplet order parameter, can be realized in strong spin-orbit-coupled quantum wells in proximity to $s$-wave superconductor. It is revealed that with the singlet order parameter induced from the superconducting proximity effect, in quantum wells, not only can the triplet pairings arise due to the spin-orbit coupling, but also the triplet order parameter can be induced due to the repulsive effective electron-electron interaction, including the electron-electron Coulomb and electron-phonon interactions. This is a natural extension of the work of de Gennes, in which the repulsive-interaction-induced singlet order parameter arises in the normal metal in proximity to $s$-wave superconductor [Rev. Mod. Phys. {\bf 36}, 225 (1964)]. Specifically, we derive the effective Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation, in which the self-energies due to the effective electron-electron interactions contribute to the singlet and triplet order parameters. It is further shown that for the singlet order parameter, it is efficiently suppressed due to this self-energy renormalization; whereas for the triplet order parameter, it is the $p$-wave ($p_x\pm ip_y$) one with the ${\bf d}$-vector parallel to the effective magnetic field due to the spin-orbit coupling. Finally, we perform the numerical calculation in InSb (100) quantum wells. Specifically, we reveal that the Coulomb interaction is much more important than the electron-phonon interaction at low temperature. Moreover, it shows that with proper electron density, the minimum of the renormalized singlet and the maximum of the induced triplet order parameters are comparable, and hence can be experimentally distinguished.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, PRB in press
Lower and upper bounds on the mass of light quark-antiquark scalar resonance in the SVZ sum rules
Creators: name: Afonin, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The calculation of the mass of light scalar isosinglet meson within the Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (SVZ) sum rules is revisited. We develop simple analytical methods for estimation of hadron masses in the SVZ approach and try to reveal the origin of their numerical values. The calculations of hadron parameters in the SVZ sum rules are known to be heavily based on a choice of the perturbative threshold. This choice requires some important ad hoc information. We show analytically that the scalar mass under consideration has a lower and upper bound which are independent of this choice: $0.78\lesssim m_s\lesssim1.28$ GeV.
description: Matches the published version
Additional file 1 of Membrane transporters control cerebrospinal fluid formation independently of conventional osmosis to modulate intracranial pressure
Creators: name: Oernbo, Eva K.
name: Steffensen, Annette B.
name: Razzaghi Khamesi, Pooya
name: Toft-Bertelsen, Trine L.
name: Barbuskaite, Dagne
name: Vilhardt, Frederik
name: Gerkau, Niklas J.
name: Tritsaris, Katerina
name: Simonsen, Anja H.
name: Lolansen, Sara D.
name: Andreassen, Søren N.
name: Hasselbalch, Steen G.
name: Zeuthen, Thomas
name: Rose, Christine R.
name: Kurtcuoglu, Vartan
name: MacAulay, Nanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary experimental data.
Isolation and biological evaluation of demethylcassiarin B from Senna siamea Lam.
Creators: name: Verm, Rohini
name: Jachale, S.M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: In search of potential natural products for the amelioration of obesity, phytochemical investigation of leaves of Senna siamea Lam. was carried out. It led to the isolation of demethycassiarin B (1), 6,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H isochromenone (2), and 6-hydroxymellein (3). The structures were elucidated by a detailed analysis of spectral data. Compound 1 was found to possess a similar structural skeleton as that of cassiarin B except for a methoxyl substitution. Detailed HPLC and HPTLC analysis of methanolic extract for the presence of compound 1 and cassiarin B were performed. Cassiarin B was not detected in extract. Compounds 2 and 3 have been reported for the first time from the genus Senna. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiadipogenic activity in murine 3T3L1 cells.
The impact of board financial expertise on earnings quality in Nigerian listed companies
Creators: name: Yahaya, Onipe Adabenege
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: board size
board diversity
board independence
earnings quality
firm size
leverage
profitability

description: This study explores the impact of board financial expertise on the earnings quality of Nigerian listed companies, a critical area of interest given the pervasive concerns about the reliability of financial reporting in emerging markets. Earnings quality, reflecting the accuracy and transparency of reported financial performance, is essential for maintaining investor confidence, supporting effective corporate governance, and ensuring efficient capital market functioning. However, Nigerian firms often grapple with challenges such as weak regulatory enforcement, economic volatility, and corporate governance deficiencies, all of which contribute to low earnings quality. This research investigates whether the presence of financially knowledgeable board members, particularly those with expertise in accounting and finance, can enhance earnings quality in this context. The study employs a robust empirical approach, utilizing data from a sample of Nigerian companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) over a specified period. The analysis focuses on key metrics of earnings quality, including earnings management practices, accruals quality, and the persistence and predictability of earnings. The findings reveal that board financial expertise is positively associated with higher earnings quality, suggesting that boards with members who possess strong financial acumen are better equipped to oversee financial reporting processes and curb earnings manipulation. This positive relationship is particularly pronounced in firms with larger board sizes and those operating in more regulated industries, where the complexity of financial transactions and reporting demands more rigorous oversight. The study contributes to the growing literature on corporate governance in emerging markets by highlighting the importance of board composition in enhancing financial reporting quality. It offers practical implications for policymakers, regulators, and corporate stakeholders in Nigeria and similar contexts, emphasizing the need for stringent requirements regarding board financial expertise to safeguard earnings quality. Furthermore, the research provides valuable insights for investors, indicating that companies with financially savvy boards may present lower risks of earnings misstatement, thereby improving investment decisions and market confidence. In conclusion, this study underscores the critical role of board financial expertise in promoting high-quality earnings among Nigerian listed companies, advocating for stronger governance structures that prioritize financial competence at the board level to ensure transparency and protect stakeholder interests.
Topological Phase Transitions and Thouless Pumping of Light in Photonic Waveguide Arrays
Creators: name: Ke, Yongguan
name: Qin, Xizhou
name: Mei, Feng
name: Zhong, Honghua
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
name: Lee, Chaohong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic waveguide arrays provide an excellent platform for simulating conventional topological systems, and they can also be employed for the study of novel topological phases in photonics systems. However, a direct measurement of bulk topological invariants remains a great challenge. Here we study topological features of generalized commensurate Aubry-André-Harper (AAH) photonic waveguide arrays and construct a topological phase diagram by calculating all bulk Chern numbers, and then explore the bulk-edge correspondence by analyzing the topological edge states and their winding numbers. In contrast to incommensurate AAH models, diagonal and off-diagonal commensurate AAH models are not topologically equivalent. In particular, there appear nontrivial topological phases with large Chern numbers and topological phase transitions. By implementing Thouless pumping of light in photonic waveguide arrays, we propose a simple scheme to measure the bulk Chern numbers.
description: accepted for publication in Laser & Photonics Reviews
Entropy Production and Effective Viscosity in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Ivanov, Yu. B.
name: Soldatov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entropy production and an effective viscosity in central Au+Au collisions are estimated in a wide range of incident energies 3.3 GeV $\le \sqrt{s_{NN}}\le$ 39 GeV. The simulations are performed within a three-fluid model employing three different equations of state with and without deconfinement transition, which are equally good in reproduction of the momentum-integrated elliptic flow of charged particles in the considered energy range. It is found that more that 80\% entropy is prodused during a short early collision stage which lasts $\sim$1 fm/c at highest considered energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\ge$ 20 GeV. The estimated values of the viscosity-to-entropy ratio ($η/s$) are approximately the same in all considered scenarios. At final stages of the system expansion they range from $\sim$0.05 at highest considered energies to $\sim$0.5 lowest ones. It is found that the $η/s$ ratio decreases with the temperature ($T$) rise approximately as $\sim 1/T^4$ and exhibits a rather weak dependence on the net-baryon density.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures. Version accepted for publication in the European Physical Journal A
Nursing Graduates’ Preparedness for Practice: Substantiating the Call for Competency-Evaluated Nursing Education
Creators: name: McGarity, Tammy
name: Monahan, Laura
name: Acker, Katelijne
name: Pollock, Wendi
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cognitive and computational psychology
subject: Clinical and health psychology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Biological psychology
subject: Clinical sciences

description: Practice readiness continues to be a challenge in healthcare. This was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. This focused descriptive–correlational study examined nurses’ perceived preparedness for practice during the pandemic. One hundred and eighty-four registered nurses (RN) responded to Qualtrics survey questions addressing the competencies they perceived they had and the competencies they felt they needed that would have better prepared them to care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results demonstrated that although these nurses felt competent in certain areas, they perceived that they needed more education in those same areas to feel better prepared. Bivariate correlations and linear regression analysis indicated that institutional competency development, education, and work experience influenced perceived competency.
Five transiting hot Jupiters discovered using WASP-South, Euler and TRAPPIST: WASP-119 b, WASP-124 b, WASP-126 b, WASP-129 b and WASP-133 b
Creators: name: Maxted, P. F. L.
name: Anderson, D. R.
name: Cameron, A. Collier
name: Delrez, L.
name: Gillon, M.
name: Hellier, C.
name: Jehin, E.
name: Lendl, M.
name: Neveu-VanMalle, M.
name: Pepe, F.
name: Pollacco, D.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Ségransan, D.
name: Smalley, B.
name: Smith, A. M. S.
name: Southworth, J.
name: Triaud, A. H. M. J.
name: Udry, S.
name: Wagg, T.
name: West, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used photometry from the WASP-South instrument to identify 5 stars showing planet-like transits in their light curves. The planetary nature of the companions to these stars has been confirmed using photometry from the EulerCam instrument on the Swiss Euler 1.2-m telescope and the TRAPPIST telescope, and spectroscopy obtained with the CORALIE spectrograph. The planets discovered are hot Jupiter systems with orbital periods in the range 2.17 to 5.75 days, masses from 0.3M$_{\rm Jup}$ to 1.2M$_{\rm Jup}$ and with radii from 1R$_{\rm Jup}$ to 1.5R$_{\rm Jup}$. These planets orbit bright stars (V = 11-13) with spectral types in the range F9 to G4. WASP-126 is the brightest planetary system in this sample and hosts a low-mass planet with a large radius (0.3 M$_{\rm Jup}$ , 0.95R$_{\rm Jup}$), making it a good target for transmission spectroscopy. The high density of WASP-129 A suggests that it is a helium-rich star similar to HAT-P-11 A. WASP-133 has an enhanced surface lithium abundance compared to other old G-type stars, particularly other planet host stars. These planetary systems are good targets for follow-up observations with ground-based and space-based facilities to study their atmospheric and dynamical properties.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Phase transition and entropy inequality of noncommutative black holes in a new extended phase space
Creators: name: Miao, Yan-Gang
name: Xu, Zhen-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the thermodynamics of the noncommutative high-dimensional Schwarzschild-Tangherlini AdS black hole with the non-Gaussian smeared matter distribution by regarding a noncommutative parameter as an independent thermodynamic variable named as the noncommutative pressure. In the new extended phase space that includes this noncommutative pressure and its conjugate variable, we reveal that the noncommutative pressure and the original thermodynamic pressure related to the negative cosmological constant make the opposite effects in the phase transition of the noncommutative black hole, i.e. the former dominates the UV regime while the latter does the IR regime, respectively. In addition, by means of the reverse isoperimetric inequality, we indicate that only the black hole with the Gaussian smeared matter distribution holds the maximum entropy for a given thermodynamic volume among the noncommutative black holes with various matter distributions.
description: v1: 13 pages, 2 figures; v2: 14 pages, clarifications and references added; v3: 16 pages, more clarifications and references added, the final version to appear in JCAP
Constraining SN feedback: a tug of war between reionization and the Milky Way satellites
Creators: name: Hou, Jun
name: Frenk, Carlos. S.
name: Lacey, Cedric G.
name: Bose, Sownak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical models of galaxy formation based on the cold dark matter cosmogony typically require strong feedback from supernova (SN) explosions in order to reproduce the Milky Way satellite galaxy luminosity function and the faint end of the field galaxy luminosity function. However, too strong a SN feedback also leads to the universe reionizing too late, and the metallicities of Milky Way satellites being too low. The combination of these four observations therefore places tight constraints on SN feedback. We investigate these constraints using the semi-analytical galaxy formation model galform. We find that these observations favour a SN feedback model in which the feedback strength evolves with redshift. We find that, for our best fit model, half of the ionizing photons are emitted by galaxies with rest-frame far-UV absolute magnitudes $M_{\rm AB}(1500{\rm Å})10^{10}\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$ and preferentially inhabit halos with mass $M_{\rm halo}>10^{13}\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication on MNRAS
Turing learning: a metric-free approach to inferring behavior and its application to swarms
Creators: name: Li, Wei
name: Gauci, Melvin
name: Gross, Roderich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4; I.2.6; I.2.9; I.2.11; I.5.1

description: We propose Turing Learning, a novel system identification method for inferring the behavior of natural or artificial systems. Turing Learning simultaneously optimizes two populations of computer programs, one representing models of the behavior of the system under investigation, and the other representing classifiers. By observing the behavior of the system as well as the behaviors produced by the models, two sets of data samples are obtained. The classifiers are rewarded for discriminating between these two sets, that is, for correctly categorizing data samples as either genuine or counterfeit. Conversely, the models are rewarded for 'tricking' the classifiers into categorizing their data samples as genuine. Unlike other methods for system identification, Turing Learning does not require predefined metrics to quantify the difference between the system and its models. We present two case studies with swarms of simulated robots and prove that the underlying behaviors cannot be inferred by a metric-based system identification method. By contrast, Turing Learning infers the behaviors with high accuracy. It also produces a useful by-product - the classifiers - that can be used to detect abnormal behavior in the swarm. Moreover, we show that Turing Learning also successfully infers the behavior of physical robot swarms. The results show that collective behaviors can be directly inferred from motion trajectories of individuals in the swarm, which may have significant implications for the study of animal collectives. Furthermore, Turing Learning could prove useful whenever a behavior is not easily characterizable using metrics, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.
description: camera-ready version