cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Dynamical Classification of the Cosmic Web
Creators: name: Forero-Romero, J. E.
name: Hoffman, Y.
name: Gottloeber, S.
name: Klypin, A.
name: Yepes, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A dynamical classification of the cosmic web is proposed. The large scale environment is classified into four web types: voids, sheets, filaments and knots. The classification is based on the evaluation of the deformation tensor, i.e. the Hessian of the gravitational potential, on a grid. The classification is based on counting the number of eigenvalues above a certain threshold, lambda_th at each grid point, where the case of zero, one, two or three such eigenvalues corresponds to void, sheet, filament or a knot grid point. The collection of neighboring grid points, friends-of-friends, of the same web attribute constitutes voids, sheets, filaments and knots as web objects. A simple dynamical consideration suggests that lambda_th should be approximately unity, upon an appropriate scaling of the deformation tensor. The algorithm has been applied and tested against a suite of (dark matter only) cosmological N-body simulations. In particular, the dependence of the volume and mass filling fractions on lambda_th and on the resolution has been calculated for the four web types. Also, the percolation properties of voids and filaments have been studied. Our main findings are: (a) Already at lambda_th = 0.1 the resulting web classification reproduces the visual impression of the cosmic web. (b) Between 0.2 < lambda_th < 0.4, a system of percolated voids coexists with a net of interconected filaments. This suggests a reasonable choice for lambda_th as the parameter that defines the cosmic web. (c) The dynamical nature of the suggested classification provides a robust framework for incorporating environmental information into galaxy formation models, and in particular the semi-analytical ones.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Simulating Eclipsing Binary Yields of the Rubin Observatory in the Galactic Field and Star Clusters
Creators: name: Geller, Aaron M.
name: Polzin, Ava
name: Bowen, Andrew
name: Miller, Adam A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the detection and recovery efficiency of the Rubin Observatory for detached eclipsing binaries (EBs) in the galactic field, globular clusters (GCs) and open clusters (OCs), with a focus on comparing two proposed observing strategies: a standard cadence ("baseline"), and a cadence which samples the galactic plane more evenly ("colossus"). We generate realistic input binary populations in all observing fields of the Rubin Observatory, simulate the expected observations in each filter, and attempt to characterize the EBs using these simulated observations. In our models, we predict the baseline cadence will enable the Rubin Observatory to observe about three million EBs; our technique could recover and characterize nearly one million of these in the field and thousands within star clusters. If the colossus cadence is used, the number of recovered EBs would increase by an overall factor of about 1.7 in the field and in globular clusters, and a factor of about three in open clusters. Including semi-detached and contact systems could increase the number of recovered EBs by an additional factor of about 2.5 to 3. Regardless of the cadence, observations from the Rubin Observatory could reveal statistically significant physical distinctions between the distributions of EB orbital elements between the field, GCs and OCs. Simulations such as these can be used to bias correct the sample of Rubin Observatory EBs to study the intrinsic properties of the full binary populations in the field and star clusters.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Minimum cycle and homology bases of surface-embedded graphs
Creators: name: Borradaile, Glencora
name: Chambers, Erin Wolf
name: Fox, Kyle
name: Nayyeri, Amir
Publisher: name: Journal of Computational Geometry
Year: 2017

description: We study the problems of finding a minimum cycle basis (a minimum-weight set of cycles that form a basis for the cycle space) and a minimum homology basis (a minimum-weight set of cycles that generates the 1-dimensional $(\mathbb{Z}_2)$-homology classes) of an undirected graph cellularly embedded on a surface. The problems are closely related, because the minimum cycle basis of a graph contains its minimum homology basis, and the minimum homology basis of the 1-skeleton of any graph is exactly its minimum cycle basis. For the minimum cycle basis problem, we give a deterministic $O(n^ω + 2^{2g} n^2 + m)$-time algorithm for graphs cellularly embedded on an orientable surface of genus $g$. Prior to this work, the best known algorithms for surface-embedded graphs were those for general graphs: an $O(m^ω)$-time Monte Carlo algorithm and a deterministic $O(nm^2/\log n + n^2m)$-time algorithm. For the minimum homology basis problem, we give a deterministic $O((g + b)^3n\log n + m)$-time algorithm for graphs cellularly embedded on an orientable or non-orientable surface of genus $g$ with $b$ boundary components, improving on existing algorithms for many values of $g$ and $n$. The algorithm assumes that shortest paths are unique; this assumption can be avoided by either using random perturbations of the edge weights guaranteeing a high probability of success or by deterministic means at a cost of an $O(\log n)$ factor increase in running time.
description: Journal of Computational Geometry, Vol. 8 No. 2 (2017): Special Issue of Selected Papers from SoCG 2016
Theoretical Investigations on the Electronic Structure and Molecular Properties of Carbene-Stabilised Boron Heterocycles and Beryllium Complexes
Creators: name: Molino, Andrew
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 3402
subject: Inorganic chemistry

description: A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, and Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
A geometric space without conjugate points
Creators: name: Bucataru, Ioan
name: Dahl, Matias F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C22

description: From a spray space $S$ on a manifold $M$ we construct a new geometric space $P$ of larger dimension with the following properties: 1. Geodesics in $P$ are in one-to-one correspondence with parallel Jacobi fields of $M$. 2. $P$ is complete if and only if $S$ is complete. 3. If two geodesics in $P$ meet at one point, the geodesics coincide on their common domain, and $P$ has no conjugate points. 4. There exists a submersion $π\colon P \to M$ that maps geodesics in $P$ into geodesics on $M$. Space $P$ is constructed by first taking two complete lifts of spray $S$. This will give a spray $S^{cc}$ on the second iterated tangent bundle $TTM$. Then space $P$ is obtained by restricting tangent vectors of geodesics for $S^{cc}$ onto a suitable $(2\dim M+2)$-dimensional submanifold of $TTTM$. Due to the last restriction, space $P$ is not a spray space. However, the construction shows that conjugate points can be removed if we add dimensions and relax assumptions on the geometric structure.
Discovery of kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations and state transitions in the low-mass X-ray binary 1E~1724-3045 (Terzan 2)
Creators: name: Altamirano, D.
name: van der Klis, M.
name: Mendez, M.
name: Wijnands, R.
name: Markwardt, C.
name: Swank, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the rapid X-ray time variability in 99 pointed observations with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE)'s Proportional Counter Array of the low-mass X-ray binary 1E~1724--3045 which includes, for the first time, observations of this source in its island and banana states, confirming the atoll nature of this source. We report the discovery of kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs). Although we have 5 detections of the lower kHz QPO and one detection of the upper kHz QPO, in none of the observations we detect both QPOs simultaneously. By comparing the dependence of the rms amplitude with energy of kHz QPOs in different atoll sources, we conclude that this information cannot be use to unambiguously identify the kilohertz QPOs as was previously thought. We find that Terzan~2 in its different states shows timing behavior similar to that seen in other neutron-star low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). We studied the flux transitions observed between February 2004 and October 2005 and conclude that they are due to changes in the accretion rate.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Giant anomalous Nernst signal in the antiferromagnet YbMnBi2
Creators: name: Pan, Yu
name: Le, Congcong
name: He, Bin
name: Watzman, Sarah J.
name: Yao, Mengyu
name: Gooth, Johannes
name: Heremans, Joseph P.
name: Sun, Yan
name: Felser, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searching for a high anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) is crucial for thermoelectric energy conversion applications because the associated unique transverse geometry facilitates module fabrication. Topological ferromagnets with large Berry curvatures show high ANEs; however, they face drawbacks such as strong magnetic disturbances and low mobility due to high magnetization. Herein, we demonstrate that YbMnBi2, a canted antiferromagnet, has a large ANE conductivity of ~10 Am-1K-1 that surpasses the common high values (i.e. 3-5 Am-1K-1) observed so far in ferromagnets. The canted spin structure of Mn guarantees a nonzero Berry curvature but generates only a weak magnetization three orders of magnitude lower than that of general ferromagnets. The heavy Bi with a large spin-orbit coupling enables a high ANE and low thermal conductivity, whereas its highly dispersive px/y orbitals ensure low resistivity. The high anomalous transverse thermoelectric performance and extremely small magnetization makes YbMnBi2 an excellent candidate for transverse thermoelectrics.
Evidence of dark energy in different cosmological observations
Creators: name: Mazumdar, Arindam
name: Mohanty, Subhendra
name: Parashari, Priyank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The idea of a negative-pressure dark energy component in the Universe which causes an accelerated expansion in the late Universe has deep implications in models of field theory and general relativity. In this article, we survey the evidence for dark energy from cosmological observations which started from the compilation of distance-luminosity plots of Type Ia supernovae. This turned out to be consistent with the dark energy inferred from the CMB observations and large scale surveys and gave rise to the concordance $Λ$CDM model of cosmology. In this article, we discuss the observational evidence for dark energy from Type Ia supernovae, CMB, galaxy surveys, observations of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect from clusters, and lensing by clusters. We also discuss the observational discrepancy in the values of $H_0$ and $σ_8$ between CMB and large scale structures and discuss if varying dark energy models are able to resolve these tensions between different observations.
description: A mini review to apear in EPJST (18 pages, 4 figures)
Critical Tokunaga model for river networks
Creators: name: Kovchegov, Yevgeniy
name: Zaliapin, Ilya
name: Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The hierarchical organization and self-similarity in river basins have been topics of extensive research in hydrology and geomorphology starting with the pioneering work of Horton in 1945. Despite significant theoretical and applied advances however, the mathematical origin of and relation among Horton laws for different stream attributes remain unsettled. Here we capitalize on a recently developed theory of random self-similar trees to introduce a one-parametric family of self-similar critical Tokunaga trees that elucidates the origin of Horton laws, Hack's laws, basin fractal dimension, power-law distributions of link attributes, and power-law relations between distinct attributes. The proposed family includes the celebrated Shreve's random topology model and extends to trees that approximate the observed river networks with realistic exponents. The results offer tools to increase our understanding of landscape organization under different hydroclimatic forcings, and to extend scaling relationships useful for hydrologic prediction to resolutions higher that those observed.
description: 19 pages; 4 figures
The First Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope GRB Afterglow Catalog
Creators: name: Roming, P. W. A.
name: Koch, T. S.
name: Oates, S. R.
name: Porterfield, B. L.
name: Berk, D. E. Vanden
name: Boyd, P. T.
name: Holland, S. T.
name: Hoversten, E. A.
name: Immler, S.
name: Marshall, F. E.
name: Page, M. J.
name: Racusin, J. L.
name: Schneider, D. P.
name: Breeveld, A. A.
name: Brown, P. J.
name: Chester, M. M.
name: Cucchiara, A.
name: De Pasquale, M.
name: Gronwall, C.
name: Hunsberger, S. D.
name: Kuin, N. P. M.
name: Landsman, W. B.
name: Schady, P.
name: Still, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow catalog. The catalog contains data from over 64,000 independent UVOT image observations of 229 GRBs first detected by Swift, the High Energy Transient Explorer 2 (HETE2), the INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), and the Interplanetary Network (IPN). The catalog covers GRBs occurring during the period from 2005 Jan 17 to 2007 Jun 16 and includes ~86% of the bursts detected by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). The catalog provides detailed burst positional, temporal, and photometric information extracted from each of the UVOT images. Positions for bursts detected at the 3-sigma-level are provided with a nominal accuracy, relative to the USNO-B1 catalog, of ~0.25 arcseconds. Photometry for each burst is given in three UV bands, three optical bands, and a 'white' or open filter. Upper limits for magnitudes are reported for sources detected below 3-sigma. General properties of the burst sample and light curves, including the filter-dependent temporal slopes, are also provided. The majority of the UVOT light curves, for bursts detected at the 3-sigma-level, can be fit by a single power-law, with a median temporal slope (alpha) of 0.96, beginning several hundred seconds after the burst trigger and ending at ~1x10^5 s. The median UVOT v-band (~5500 Angstroms) magnitude at 2000 s for a sample of "well" detected bursts is 18.02. The UVOT flux interpolated to 2000 s after the burst, shows relatively strong correlations with both the prompt Swift BAT fluence, and the Swift X-ray flux at 11 hours after the trigger.
description: 60 pages, 17 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication by the Astrophysical Journal
A Numerical Model of Hercules A by Magnetic Tower: Jet/Lobe Transition, Wiggling, and the Magnetic Field Distribution
Creators: name: Nakamura, Masanori
name: Tregillis, Ian L.
name: Li, Hui
name: Li, Shengtai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling to the radio galaxy Hercules A for investigating the jet-driven shock, jet/lobe transition, wiggling, and magnetic field distribution associated with this source. The model consists of magnetic tower jets in a galaxy cluster environment, which has been discussed in a series of our papers. The profile of underlying ambient gas plays an important role in jet-lobe morphology. The balance between the magnetic pressure generated by axial current and the ambient gas pressure can determine the lobe radius. The jet body is confined jointly by the external pressure and gravity inside the cluster core radius R_c, while outside R_c it expands radially to form fat lobes in a steeply decreasing ambient thermal pressure gradient. The current-carrying jets are responsible for generating a strong, tightly wound helical magnetic field. This magnetic configuration will be unstable against the current-driven kink mode and it visibly grows beyond R_c where a separation between the jet forward and return currents occurs. The reversed pinch profile of global magnetic field associated with the jet and lobes produces projected B-vector distributions aligned with the jet flow and the lobe edge. AGN-driven shock powered by the expanding magnetic tower jet surrounds the jet/lobe structure and heats the ambient ICM. The lobes expand subsonically; no obvious hot spots are produced at the heads of lobes. Several key features in our MHD modeling may be qualitatively supported by the observations of Hercules A.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for Publication in ApJ
Additional file 1 of The impact of disinvestment on alcohol and drug treatment delivery and outcomes: a systematic review
Creators: name: Roscoe, Suzie
name: Boyd, Jennifer
name: Buykx, Penny
name: Gavens, Lucy
name: Pryce, Robert
name: Meier, Petra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1.
PID-GAN: A GAN Framework based on a Physics-informed Discriminator for Uncertainty Quantification with Physics
Creators: name: Daw, Arka
name: Maruf, M.
name: Karpatne, Anuj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As applications of deep learning (DL) continue to seep into critical scientific use-cases, the importance of performing uncertainty quantification (UQ) with DL has become more pressing than ever before. In scientific applications, it is also important to inform the learning of DL models with knowledge of physics of the problem to produce physically consistent and generalized solutions. This is referred to as the emerging field of physics-informed deep learning (PIDL). We consider the problem of developing PIDL formulations that can also perform UQ. To this end, we propose a novel physics-informed GAN architecture, termed PID-GAN, where the knowledge of physics is used to inform the learning of both the generator and discriminator models, making ample use of unlabeled data instances. We show that our proposed PID-GAN framework does not suffer from imbalance of generator gradients from multiple loss terms as compared to state-of-the-art. We also empirically demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed framework on a variety of case studies involving benchmark physics-based PDEs as well as imperfect physics. All the code and datasets used in this study have been made available on this link : https://github.com/arkadaw9/PID-GAN.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, Published at KDD 2021
Calibration of shielded microwave probes using bulk dielectrics
Creators: name: Lai, K.
name: Kundhikanjana, W.
name: Kelly, M. A.
name: Shen, Z. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A stripline-type near-field microwave probe is microfabricated for microwave impedance microscopy. Unlike the poorly shielded coplanar probe that senses the sample tens of microns away, the stripline structure removes the stray fields from the cantilever body and localizes the interaction only around the focused-ion beam deposited Pt tip. The approaching curve of an oscillating tip toward bulk dielectrics can be quantitatively simulated and fitted to the finite-element analysis result. The peak signal of the approaching curve is a measure of the sample dielectric constant and can be used to study unknown bulk materials.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Toward Interlanguage Parallel Scripting for Distributed-Memory Scientific Computing
Creators: name: Wozniak, Justin M.
name: Armstrong, Timothy G.
name: Maheshwari, Ketan C.
name: Katz, Daniel S.
name: Wilde, Michael
name: Foster, Ian T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scripting languages such as Python and R have been widely adopted as tools for the productive development of scientific software because of the power and expressiveness of the languages and available libraries. However, deploying scripted applications on large-scale parallel computer systems such as the IBM Blue Gene/Q or Cray XE6 is a challenge because of issues including operating system limitations, interoperability challenges, parallel filesystem overheads due to the small file system accesses common in scripted approaches, and other issues. We present here a new approach to these problems in which the Swift scripting system is used to integrate high-level scripts written in Python, R, and Tcl, with native code developed in C, C++, and Fortran, by linking Swift to the library interfaces to the script interpreters. In this approach, Swift handles data management, movement, and marshaling among distributed-memory processes without direct user manipulation of low-level communication libraries such as MPI. We present a technique to efficiently launch scripted applications on large-scale supercomputers using a hierarchical programming model.
description: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing
Searching for modifications to the exponential radioactive decay law with the Cassini spacecraft
Creators: name: Cooper, Peter S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data from the power output of the radioisotope thermoelectric generators aboard the Cassini spacecraft are used to test the conjecture that small deviations observed in terrestrial measurements of the exponential radioactive decay law are correlated with the Earth-Sun distance. No significant deviations from exponential decay are observed over a range of 0.7 - 1.6 A.U. A 90% Cl upper limit of 0.84 x 10^-4 is set on a term in the decay rate of Pu-238 proportional to 1/R^2 and 0.99 x 10^-4 for a term proportional to 1/R.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, Latex
Additional file 1 of Adolescents’ perceived barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health services in California: a cross-sectional survey
Creators: name: Decker, Martha J.
name: Atyam, Tara V.
name: Zárate, Catherine Gilmore
name: Bayer, Angela M.
name: Bautista, Consuelo
name: Saphir, Melissa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Predictors of perceiving other barriers to SRH services
Establishing $α$ Oph as a Prototype Rotator: Precision Orbit with new Keck, CHARA, and RV Observations
Creators: name: Gardner, Tyler
name: Monnier, John D.
name: Fekel, Francis C.
name: Williamson, Michael
name: Baron, Fabien
name: Hinkley, Sasha
name: Ireland, Michael
name: Kraus, Adam L.
name: Kraus, Stefan
name: Roettenbacher, Rachael M.
name: Schaefer, Gail
name: Sturmann, Judit
name: Sturmann, Laszlo
name: Brummelaar, Theo Ten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alpha Ophiuchi (Rasalhague) is a nearby rapidly rotating A5IV star which has been imaged by infrared interferometry. $α$ Oph is also part of a known binary system, with a companion semi-major axis of $\sim$430 milli-arcseconds and high eccentricity of 0.92. The binary companion provides the unique opportunity to measure the dynamical mass to compare with the results of rapid rotator evolution models. The lack of data near periastron passage limited the precision of mass measurements in previous work. We add new interferometric data from the MIRC combiner at the CHARA Array as well as new Keck adaptive optics imaging data with NIRC2, including epochs taken near periastron passage. We also obtained new radial velocities of both components at Fairborn Observatory. Our updated combined orbit for the system drastically reduces the errors of the orbital elements, and allows for precise measurement of the primary star mass at the few percent level. Our resulting primary star mass of $2.20\pm0.06$ M$_{\odot}$ agrees well with predictions from imaging results, and matches evolution models with rotation when plotting on an HR diagram. However, to truly distinguish between non-rotating and rotating evolution models for this system we need $\sim$1\% errors on mass, which might be achieved once the distance is known to higher precision in future Gaia releases. We find that the secondary mass of $0.824\pm0.023$ M$_{\odot}$ is slightly under-luminous when compared to stellar evolution models. We show that $α$ Oph is a useful reference source for programs that need $\pm$1 milli-arcsecond astrometry.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
About Digital Communication Methods for Visible Light Communication
Creators: name: Uemura, Wataru
name: Fukumori, Yasuhiro
name: Hayama, Takato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The visible light communication (VLC) by LED is one of the important communication methods because LED can work as high speed and VLC sends the information by high flushing LED. We use the pulse wave modulation for the VLC with LED because LED can be controlled easily by the microcontroller, which has the digital output pins. At the pulse wave modulation, deciding the high and low voltage by the middle voltage when the receiving signal level is amplified is equal to deciding it by the threshold voltage without amplification. In this paper, we proposed two methods that adjust the threshold value using counting the slot number and measuring the signal level. The number of signal slots is constant per one symbol when we use Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). If the number of received signal slots per one symbol time is less than the theoretical value, that means the threshold value is higher than the optimal value. If it is more than the theoretical value, that means the threshold value is lower. So, we can adjust the threshold value using the number of received signal slots. At the second proposed method, the average received signal level is not equal to the signal level because there is a ratio between the number of high slots and low slots. So, we can calculate the threshold value from the average received signal level and the slot ratio. We show these performances as real experiments.
Structural studies on Klebsiella capsular polysaccharides
Creators: name: Paulin, Marcel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The genus KIebsiella is divisible into approximately eighty different strains characterized on the basis of immunochemical tests. These Gram-negative bacteria produce large capsular polysaccharides which are their antigenic determinants. In order to understand the chemical basis of serological differentiation, the structural investigation of all 80 strains is taking place. Until now about fifty structures have been elucidated. The capsular antigens isolated from Klebsiella serotypes K53 and K74 are presented here and were determined using many different techniques. Methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and uronic acid degradation were used to study the sequential arrangement of the sugar constituents in the polysaccharide. Extensive use was made of ¹H-and ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine anomeric linkages within isolated oligosaccharides and the native polysaccharide. Methods such as gas liquid chromatography, gas liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry, paper chromatography, and polarimetry have been used to isolate and characterize products obtained from different degradative techniques. The capsular polysaccharides from Klebsiella serotypes K53 and K74 are found to consist of repeating units of the following structures: [diagram omitted].
Semiclassical states for weakly coupled nonlinear Schrödinger systems
Creators: name: Montefusco, Eugenio
name: Pellacci, Benedetta
name: Squassina, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34B18; 34G20; 35Q55

description: We consider systems of weakly coupled Schrödinger equations with nonconstant potentials and we investigate the existence of nontrivial nonnegative solutions which concentrate around local minima of the potentials. We obtain sufficient and necessary conditions for a sequence of least energy solutions to concentrate.
description: 23 pages, no figures
Finite energy scattering for the Lorentz-Maxwell equation
Creators: name: Germain, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q51 ; 35Q60

description: In the case where the charge of the particle is small compared to its mass, we describe the asymptotics of the Lorentz-Maxwell equation for any finite-energy data. As time goes to infinity, we prove that the speed of the particle converges to a certain limit, whereas the electromagnetic field can be decomposed into a soliton plus a free solution of the Maxwell equation. It is the first instance of a scattering result for general finite energy data in a field-particle equation.
Luscher Term for k-string Potential from Holographic One Loop Corrections
Creators: name: Zayas, Leopoldo A. Pando
name: Rodgers, Vincent G. J.
name: Stiffler, Kory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a systematic analysis of k-strings in the framework of the gauge/gravity correspondence. We discuss the Klebanov-Strassler supergravity background which is known to be dual to a confining supersymmetric gauge theory with chiral symmetry breaking. We obtain the k-string tension in agreement with expectations of field theory. Our main new result is the study of one-loop corrections on the string theoretic side. We explicitly find the frequency spectrum for both the bosons and the fermions for quadratic fluctuations about the classical supergravity solution. Further we use the massless modes to compute 1/L contributions to the one loop corrections to the k-string energy. This corresponds to the Luscher term contribution to the k-string potential on the gauge theoretic side of the correspondence.
description: 39 pages, 3 figures. New Calculation showing explicit k -> M - k symmetry of Energy utilizing the new figure. Discussion of non-k-dependence of Luscher term at end of last section right before Conclusion. Same version to be published in JHEP
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Creators: name: Völp, Marcus
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization
subject: Computer systems organization → Embedded and cyber-physical systems
subject: Computer systems organization → Real-time systems
subject: Software and its engineering → Real-time systems software
subject: Software and its engineering → Real-time schedulability

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 165, 32nd Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2020), pages 0:i-0:xiv
Small-x single-particle distributions in jets from the coherent branching formalism
Creators: name: Sapeta, Sebastian
name: Wiedemann, Urs Achim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate single parton distributions inside quark and gluon jets within the coherent branching formalism, which resums leading and next-to-leading logarithmic contributions. This formalism is at the basis of the modified leading logarithmic approximation (MLLA), and it conserves energy exactly. For a wide preasymptotic range of the evolution variable Y=ln[Eθ/Q_0], we find marked differences in the shape and norm of single parton distributions calculated in the MLLA or in the coherent branching formalism, respectively. For asymptotically large values Y>5-10, the difference in norm persists, while differences in shape disappear. In this way, our numerical study delineates the jet energy scale needed for a reliable application of both approaches. We also study the dependence of the single parton distributions on the hadronization scale Q_0 and on Λ_QCD, and we calculate within the coherent branching formalism the identified quark and gluon distributions inside quark and gluon jets.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures
Modality and Negation in Event Extraction
Creators: name: de Vroe, Sander Bijl
name: Guillou, Liane
name: Stanojević, Miloš
name: McKenna, Nick
name: Steedman, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Language provides speakers with a rich system of modality for expressing thoughts about events, without being committed to their actual occurrence. Modality is commonly used in the political news domain, where both actual and possible courses of events are discussed. NLP systems struggle with these semantic phenomena, often incorrectly extracting events which did not happen, which can lead to issues in downstream applications. We present an open-domain, lexicon-based event extraction system that captures various types of modality. This information is valuable for Question Answering, Knowledge Graph construction and Fact-checking tasks, and our evaluation shows that the system is sufficiently strong to be used in downstream applications.
description: S. Bijl de Vroe, L. Guillou, M. Stanojevi\'c, N. McKenna, and M. Steedman. 2021. Modality and Negation in Event Extraction. In Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Challenges and Applications of Automated Extraction of Socio-political Events from Text (CASE 2021), pages 31-42, online. Association for Computational Linguistics
Multilayer Representation and Multiscale Analysis on Data Networks
Creators: name: Q, Luz Angela Aristizábal
name: G, Nicolás Toro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The constant increase in the complexity of data networks motivates the search for strategies that make it possible to reduce current monitoring times. This paper shows the way in which multilayer network representation and the application of multiscale analysis techniques, as applied to software-defined networks, allows for the visualization of anomalies from "coarse views of the network topology". This implies the analysis of fewer data, and consequently the reduction of the time that a process takes to monitor the network. The fact that software-defined networks allow for the obtention of a global view of network behavior facilitates detail recovery from affected zones detected in monitoring processes. The method is evaluated by calculating the reduction factor of nodes, checked during anomaly detection, with respect to the total number of nodes in the network.
description: 15 pages
Solar Cycle Dependence of ICME Composition
Creators: name: Song, Hongqiang
name: Li, Leping
name: Sun, Yanyan
name: Lv, Qi
name: Zheng, Ruisheng
name: Chen, Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are one of the most energetic explosions in the solar atmosphere, and their occurrence rates exhibit obvious solar cycle dependence with more events taking place around solar maximum. Composition of interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs), referring to the charge states and elemental abundances of ions, opens an important avenue to investigate CMEs. In this paper, we conduct a statistical study on the charge states of five elements (Mg, Fe, Si, C, and O) and the relative abundances of six elements (Mg/O, Fe/O, Si/O, C/O, Ne/O, and He/O) within ICMEs from 1998 to 2011, and find that all the ICME compositions possess the solar cycle dependence. All of the ionic charge states and most of the relative elemental abundances are positively correlated with sunspot numbers (SSNs), and only the C/O ratios are inversely correlated with the SSNs. The compositions (except the C/O) increase with the SSNs during the ascending phase (1998--2000 and 2009--2011) and remain elevated during solar maximum and descending phase (2000--2005) compared to solar minimum (2007--2009). The charge states of low-FIP (first ionization potential) elements (Mg, Fe, and Si) and their relative abundances are correlated well, while no clear correlation is observed between the C$^{6+}$/C$^{5+}$ or C$^{6+}$/C$^{4+}$ and C/O. Most interestingly, we find that the Ne/O ratios of ICMEs and slow solar wind have the opposite solar cycle dependence.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures and 1 table. Accepted by Solar Physics
KAM quasi-periodic tori for the dissipative spin-orbit problem
Creators: name: Calleja, Renato
name: Celletti, Alessandra
name: Gimeno, Joan
name: de la Llave, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide evidence of the existence of KAM quasi-periodic attractors for a dissipative model in Celestial Mechanics. We compute the attractors extremely close to the breakdown threshold. We consider the spin-orbit problem describing the motion of a triaxial satellite around a central planet under the simplifying assumption that the center of mass of the satellite moves on a Keplerian orbit, the spin-axis is perpendicular to the orbit plane and coincides with the shortest physical axis. We also assume that the satellite is non-rigid; as a consequence, the problem is affected by a dissipative tidal torque that can be modeled as a time-dependent friction, which depends linearly upon the velocity. Our goal is to fix a frequency and compute the embedding of a smooth attractor with this frequency. This task requires to adjust a drift parameter. The goal of this paper is to provide numerical calculations of the condition numbers and verify that, when they are applied to the numerical solutions, they will lead to the existence of the torus for values of the parameters extremely close to the parameters of breakdown. Computing reliably close to the breakdown allows to discover several interesting phenomena, which we will report in [CCGdlL20a]. The numerical calculations of the condition numbers presented here are not completely rigorous, since we do not use interval arithmetic to estimate the round off error and we do not estimate rigorously the truncation error, but we implement the usual standards in numerical analysis (using extended precision, checking that the results are not affected by the level of precision, truncation, etc.). Hence, we do not claim a computer-assisted proof, but the verification is more convincing that standard numerics. We hope that our work could stimulate a computer-assisted proof.
description: 33 pages, 1 figure
The Unusual Object IC 2144/MWC 778
Creators: name: Herbig, G. H.
name: Vacca, William D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IC 2144 is a small reflection nebula located in the zone of avoidance near the Galactic anticenter. It has been investigated here largely on the basis of Keck/HIRES optical spectroscopy (R ~ 48,000) and a SpeX spectrogram in the near-IR (R = 2000) obtained at the NASA IRTF. The only star in the nebula that is obvious in the optical or near-IR is the peculiar emission-line object MWC 778 (V = 12.8), which resembles a T Tauri star in some respects. What appear to be F- or G-type absorption features are detectable in its optical region under the very complex emission line spectrum; their radial velocity agrees with the CO velocity of the larger cloud in which IC 2144 is embedded. There are significant differences between the spectrum of the brightest area of the nebula and of MWC 778, the presumed illuminator, an issue discussed in some detail. The distance of IC 2144 is inferred to be about 1.0 kpc by reference to other star-forming regions in the vicinity. The extinction is large, as demonstrated by [Fe II] emission line ratios in the near-IR and by the strength of the diffuse interstellar band spectrum; a provisional value of A_V of 3.0 mag was assumed. The SED of MWC 778 rises steeply beyond about 1 $μ$m, with a slope characteristic of a Class I source. Integration of the flux distribution leads to an IR luminosity of about 510 L_solar. If MWC 778 is indeed a F- or G-type pre--main-sequence star several magnitudes above the ZAMS, a population of faint emission Halpha stars would be expected in the vicinity. Such a search, like other investigations that are recommended in this paper, has yet to be carried out.
description: 36 pages, 13 figures, accepted by AJ
Derived terms without derivation a shifted perspective on the derived-term automaton
Creators: name: Lombardy, Sylvain
name: Sakarovitch, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present here a construction for the derived term automaton (aka partial derivative, or Antimirov, automaton) of a rational (or regular) expression based on a sole induction on the depth of the expression and without making reference to an operation of derivation of the expression. It is particularly well-suited to the case of weighted rational expressions.
Travelling Wakefield Tube: THz Source Powered by Nonrelativistic Electron Beam
Creators: name: Schneider, Mitchell E.
name: Jevarjian, Emily
name: Sims, Ben
name: Altmark, Alexander
name: van der Geer, Bas
name: Baryshev, Sergey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High peak power, tunable, narrowband terahertz emitters are becoming sought after given their portability, efficiency, and ability to be deployed in the field for industrial, medical, and military applications. The use of accelerator systems producing THz frequencies via Cherenkov radiation, generated by passing an electron beam through a slow-wave wakefield structure, is a promising method to meet future THz requirements. To date, efforts have been dedicated to analysis and design of sources utilizing laser seeded bunched electron beam drivers with relativistic energies beyond 5 MeV. Presented here is a wakefield THz generation scheme based on passing a long quasi-dc nonrelativistic beam (200 keV) through a dielectric loaded travelling wave structure. Reduced energy allows for compactness and portability of the accelerator as the size and weight of the dielectric slow wave structure is vanishingly small compared to the accelerator unit. The presented scheme can serve as a tunable high peak power THz source operated between 0.4-1.6 THz and produces power gain by a factor of five with an average efficiency of 6.8\%.
Global Properties of Topological String Amplitudes and Orbifold Invariants
Creators: name: Alim, M.
name: Laenge, J. D.
name: Mayr, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We derive topological string amplitudes on local Calabi-Yau manifolds in terms of polynomials in finitely many generators of special functions. These objects are defined globally in the moduli space and lead to a description of mirror symmetry at any point in the moduli space. Holomorphic ambiguities of the anomaly equations are fixed by global information obtained from boundary conditions at few special divisors in the moduli space. As an illustration we compute higher genus orbifold Gromov-Witten invariants for C^3/Z_3 and C^3/Z_4.
description: 34 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of The frequency of rare and monogenic diseases in pediatric organ transplant recipients in Italy
Creators: name: Vaisitti, Tiziana
name: Peritore, Daniela
name: Magistroni, Paola
name: Ricci, Andrea
name: Lombardini, Letizia
name: Gringeri, Enrico
name: Catalano, Silvia
name: Spada, Marco
name: Sciveres, Marco
name: Di Giorgio, Angelo
name: Limongelli, Giuseppe
name: Varrenti, Marisa
name: Gerosa, Gino
name: Terzi, Amedeo
name: Pace Napoleone, Carlo
name: Amodeo, Antonio
name: Ragni, Luca
name: Dello Strologo, Luca
name: Benetti, Elisa
name: Fontana, Iris
name: Testa, Sara
name: Peruzzi, Licia
name: Mitrotti, Adele
name: Abbate, Serena
name: Comai, Giorgia
name: Gotti, Eliana
name: Schiavon, Marco
name: Boffini, Massimo
name: De Angelis, Daniele
name: Bertani, Alessandro
name: Pinelli, Domenico
name: Torre, Massimo
name: Poggi, Camilla
name: Deaglio, Silvia
name: Cardillo, Massimo
name: Amoroso, Antonio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Additionale file 1 includes Supplementary Table 1 showing combined transplants in the pediatricand adult cohorts included in the study and a Supplementary Table 2 listing Transplant Centers that enrolledpediatric and adult patients included in the study and present in the Transplant Registry.