Acakyra sinuata Vlasak & Santos-Silva 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Vlasak, Josef
name: Santos-Silva, Antonio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Acakyra
Acakyra sinuata

description: Acakyra sinuata sp. nov.
(Figs 6–11)
Description. Holotype female. Integument mostly black; anteclypeus dark brown posteriorly, orangish brown anteriorly; labrum dark brown posteriorly, reddish brown anteriorly; ventral mouthparts mostly pale reddish brown centrally, except maxillary palpomeres I–III and labial palpomeres I–II dark brown with apex yellowish or reddish, and maxillary palpomere IV and labial palpomere III dark brown basally and gradually reddish brown toward apex; gulamentum mostly brown; scape dark brown; pedicel dark reddish brown basally, dark brown on remaining surface; antennomere III reddish brown on anterior half, black on posterior half; antennomere IV orangish brown on anterior 2/3, dark brown on posterior third; antennomeres V–XI dark reddish brown, lighter on apex of XI. Femoral peduncles slightly lighter than femoral clubs; protibiae dark reddish brown about middle; meso- and metatibiae somewhat dark reddish-brown on basal ring, dark orangish-brown on central ring, dark brown between two light rings, and blackish apically; tarsi orangish brown, except reddish-brown apex of tarsomere V and claws.
Head. Frons abundantly, minutely punctate, with sparse, coarse punctures interspersed; with abundant yellowishbrown pubescence almost obscuring integument, and brownish pubescent maculae interspersed, except small tuft of yellowish-white pubescence on central area between eyes, and glabrous central area close to postclypeus. Frontal area of antennal tubercles with abundant dark-brown pubescence, remaining surface with abundant yellowishbrown pubescence. Area between antennal tubercles sparsely, coarsely punctate; with abundant, both dark-brown and yellowish-brown pubescence, except arched posterior band with sparse dark-brown pubescence. Remaining surface of vertex with dense yellowish-brown pubescence, except one irregular, subglabrous oblique band near each eye, and one large, subrounded blackish pubescent macula on each side close to prothorax; with a few long, erect dark setae close to eyes. Area behind upper eye lobes with dense yellowish-brown pubescence; area between eye lobes and lower eye lobes with dense yellowish-brown pubescence, yellower close to eye, except glabrous area close to prothorax, subglabrous macula interspersed on yellowish-brown pubescence between apex of area between eye lobes and superior area of lower eye lobe, and transverse, somewhat zig-zagged subglabrous area interspersed on yellowish-brown pubescence between inferior area of lower eye lobe and gena. Genae with dense yellow pubescence, and glabrous, irregular areas interspersed; with a few long, erect dark setae interspersed toward ventral surface. Wide central area of postclypeus glabrous centrally, with bristly yellowish-brown setae on remaining surface, yellower and longer close to glabrous central area, shorter and somewhat paler laterally; with a few long, erect reddish-brown setae interspersed laterally. Sides of postclypeus glabrous. Labrum glabrous on posterocentral area, with abundant yellowish-white pubescence on sides of posterior 2/3, pubescence yellower close to margins, and somewhat sparse, both short and long dark yellowish-brown setae on anterior third, except dense fringe of setae of same color on anterior margin. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous, except intermaxillary process minutely punctate, with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument. Eyes united by thin and low carina without ommatidia. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.49 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.65 times distance between outer margins of eyes. Antennae slightly longer than elytral length, reaching base of posterior third of elytra. Scape elongate-piriform; with abundant yellow pubescence on dorsal and lateral basal half, somewhat abundant, both yellow and yellowish-brown pubescence on posterior half of dorsal surface, except dense fringe of yellow pubescence apically, with both brownish and yellowish pubescence on sides of posterior half, except dense fringe of yellow pubescence apically, and both brownish and yellowish-white pubescence ventrally. Pedicel with dense, both yellow and yellowish-white pubescence, except brown pubescence on inner area of dorsal surface and superior area of inner surface.Antennomere III cylindrical on basal half, gradually widened on apical half; apical half slightly flattened laterally; anterior half with abundant pale-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument; posterior half with dense black pubescence, forming dense fringe of setae ventrally, except outer surface with abundant brownish pubescence not obscuring integument. Antennomere IV cylindrical, with abundant pale-yellow pubescence on basal 2/3, and dark-brown pubescence on apical third. Antennomeres V–XI short, cylindrical; with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument, and minute, erect yellowish setae interspersed. Antennal formula based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.86; pedicel = 0.28; IV = 0.58; V = 0.25; VI = 0.40; VII = 0.18; VIII = 0.18; IX = 0.16; X = 0.14; XI = 0.18.
Thorax. Prothorax transverse; with large, conical tubercle located centrally. Pronotum sparsely, coarsely punctate, punctures slightly more abundant and coarser anteriorly and posteriorly; with large, oblique, elevated tubercle on each side of central region, with apex slightly concave, and slightly elevated, subtriangular gibbosity centrally on posterior half, extended, carina-shaped, toward anterior margin; with abundant, dense yellowish-brown pubescence, irregularly interspersed with blackish pubescent maculae, except brownish pubescence on central gibbosity, dense, oblique yellowish-white pubescent band on each side of posterior half, from near posterior margin to lateral tubercles of prothorax, irregular, yellowish pubescent macula on each side of anterior third, and yellowish pubescent band centrally close to anterior and posterior margins; with a few long, erect brownish setae on sides of posterior third. Sides of prothorax sparsely, coarsely punctate, punctures more abundant close to posterior margin; with dense yellowish-brown pubescence, and abundant, irregular glabrous areas interspersed. Prosternum with yellowish pubescence laterally, sparser and yellowish white centrally, except subglabrous area close to anterior margin. Prosternal process wide, narrowest area 1.1 times procoxal width; posterior margin (Fig. 11) subvertical, strongly emarginate centrally; with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, sparser toward apex. Mesoventrite with somewhat sparse, short, decumbent yellowish-brown setae centrally, and dense yellowish-brown pubescence laterally. Mesanepisternum and mesepimeron with dense yellow pubescence, except wide, irregular brownish pubescent macula anterocentrally on mesanepisternum. Mesoventral process strongly wide, apical width 1.5 times mesocoxal width; with distinct tubercle on each side of anterior half; apex widely concave; with yellowishwhite pubescence not obscuring integument, yellower laterally on basal third, sparser centrally toward apex, and absent on sides of posterior region. Metanepisternum and sides of metaventrite with dense yellow pubescence, and abundant, irregular glabrous areas interspersed; central region of metaventrite with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous posterocentral area. Scutellum with dense black pubescence, and a few short yellowish-brown setae on center of posterior margin. Elytra. Humerus rounded, projected forward; centrobasal crest elevated; with slight carina from apex of centrobasal crest to posterior third; with distinct carina close to suture, from middle to apex; somewhat sparsely, coarsely punctate; apex truncate; surface mostly with dense yellowishbrown pubescence, except: black pubescent macula on inclined anterior area close to humerus; somewhat small, transverse, irregular black pubescent macula near suture on apex of anterior quarter; subtriangular black pubescent macula on center of elytra near previous black macula; large, transverse, sinuous black pubescent macula dorsally after middle; somewhat small, irregular black pubescent macula dorsally on posterior quarter; small, circular black pubescent spots close to suture from before middle to apex; black pubescent macula laterally, close to the transverse sinuous black macula; large, irregular black pubescent macula laterally, at the level of subtriangular black pubescent macula, with transverse, sinuous, dense yellowish-white pubescent band inside it; large, irregular black pubescent macula laterally on posterior quarter, with large, dense yellowish-white pubescent macula inside its anterior region; irregular yellowish-white pubescent macula on dorsal surface of centrobasal crest; somewhat arched yellowish-white pubescent band between subtriangular black pubescent band and suture; oblique yellowish-white pubescent band on dorsal surface of middle, ascending toward anterior region, then fragmented, obliquely descending to suture; irregular yellowish-white pubescent macula surrounded by black pubescence, located dorsally on beginning of posterior quarter; yellowish pubescence between black pubescent spots close to suture; and glabrous or subglabrous small spots surrounding nearly all punctures, part of them fused. Legs. Femora with abundant pale-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument on peduncle, and abundant yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument on club, pubescence denser on apex. Tibiae with two pale-yellow pubescent rings, one basally, another about middle, brownish pubescence, with sparse, short, decumbent yellowish setae interspersed between two rings, and dense black pubescence on remaining surface, black pubescence bristly ventrally on pro- and metatibiae, dorsally and ventrally on mesotibiae; protibiae with a few long, erect dark setae interspersed dorsally. Tarsi with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument.
Abdomen. Ventrites 1–4 smooth, with dense, irregular yellow pubescence laterally, sparser, yellowish white centrally, almost absent on center of ventrite 4. Ventrite 5 finely, sparsely punctate, except somewhat abundant, coarse punctures on posterior quarter; with dense pale-yellow pubescence on sides of posterior half; remaining surface with sparse, minute, decumbent yellowish-white setae, with a few short, decumbent pale-yellow setae interspersed, both more abundant on posterior third, and a few long, erect dark setae interspersed laterally; apex subrounded.
Dimensions (mm). Total length, 11.00; prothoracic length, 2.25; anterior prothoracic width, 2.70; posterior prothoracic width, 3.20; maximum prothoracic width, 4.25; humeral width, 5.05; elytral length, 7.30.
Type material. Holotype female from ECUADOR, Pichincha: 1000 m, Milpe [San Jorge de Milpe Eco-Lodge Orchid & Bird Reserve], Mindo, 19.VI.2021, J. Vlasak leg. (MZSP).
Etymology. The specific epithet “sinuata” (Latin, meaning bent or curved) refers to the sinuous yellowishwhite pubescent band on basal third of elytra.
Remarks. Acakyra sinuata sp. nov. has the antennomere III (Fig. 8) less strongly flattened laterally and less strongly pedunculate-clavate than in some other species of the genus. Even so, the shape of the antennomere III together with the elytral carina slightly marked allow us to include the new species in Acakyra.
Acakyra sinuata sp. nov. is similar to A. ocellata ocellata Chemsak & Hovore, 2002 (see photographs on Bezark 2022 and in the original description) but differs as follows: vertex without longitudinal dark pubescent band; lateral tubercles of prothorax acute apically; pronotum without three isolated yellowish-white pubescent maculae on each side; pronotum without wide, longitudinal dark pubescent bands; and elytra without circular yellowishwhite pubescent maculae on basal half. In A. ocellata ocellata, the vertex has longitudinal dark pubescent band, pronotum with three dense yellowish-white pubescent maculae on each side, lateral tubercles of the prothorax with rounded apex, pronotum with three wide and longitudinal dark pubescent bands, sometimes fragmented, and the elytra with circular yellowish-white pubescent macula on basal half. It differs from A. ocellata onca Chemsak & Hovore, 2002 (see photographs on Bezark 2022 and in the original description), especially by the lateral tubercles of the prothorax acute apically (rounded in A. ocellata onca), and different pronotal and elytral pubescent pattern (in A. ocellata onca, both more similar to those in A. ocellata ocellata). It is also somewhat similar to A. iaguara Martins & Galileo, 1996 (see photographs on Bezark 2022 and in the original description) but differs by the lateral tubercles of the prothorax acute apically (rounded in A. iaguara), pronotum without longitudinal dark pubescent bands (present in A. iaguara), and elytra without two very large dark pubescent maculae, one on basal half, another on posterior half (present in A. iaguara).
description: Published as part of Vlasak, Josef & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2022, New species and new geographical records in Ecuadorian Lamiinae (Coleoptera Cerambycidae), pp. 247-259 in Zootaxa 5200 (3) on pages 251-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7260396