Caieiria allocaudata Silva Junior &amp; Martinelli &amp; Marinho &amp; da Silva &amp; Langer 2022, gen. et sp. nov.
Creators: name: Silva Junior, Julian C. G.
name: Martinelli, Agustín G.
name: Marinho, Thiago S.
name: da Silva, João Ismael
name: Langer, Max C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Caieiria
Caieiria allocaudata

description: <i>Caieiria allocaudata</i> gen. et sp. nov. <i>Etymology:</i> The generic name derives from “Caieira”, the site where the type-specimen was unearthed. The specific name employs the word <i>allos</i> (Greek for strange) and cauda (Latin for tail), in reference to the unique anatomy of the animal’ s tail vertebrae. <i>Holotype:</i> MCT 1719-R, 10 anterior to middle caudal vertebrae. <i>Type-locality and horizon:</i> MCT 1719-R was collected in the site known as “Caieira”, or “Quarry 1”, Serra do Veadinho area, near Peirópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil (<i>Campos &amp; Kellner, 1999</i>). The bearing sandstones belong to the Serra da Galga Formation, Bauru Group (<i>Martinelli et al., 2019</i>; <i>Soares et al., 2020</i>, <i>2021</i>). <i>Diagnosis</i>: <i>Caieiria allocaudata</i> can be distinguished from <i>Baurutitan britoi, Uberabatitan ribeiroi</i>, and <i>Gondwanatitan faustoi</i> by the presence of caudal vertebrae with robust and dorsoventrally expanded transverse processes, almost half the centrum height (modified from <i>Campos et al., 2005</i>), and anterior caudal vertebrae with a deep postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa (newly proposed here). Phylogenetic analysis For the first iteration we added the BR-262 specimens, plus the holotypes of <i>Ba. britoi</i>, <i>T. pricei</i>, and <i>C. allocaudata</i> to the matrix. This resulted in 1,620 most parsimonious trees (MPTs) of 1,504 steps. The strict consensus tree (Fig. 23B) shows <i>Gondwanatitan faustoi</i>, the BR-262 specimens, plus the holotypes of <i>Ba. britoi</i> and <i>T. pricei</i>, within a polytomy along with a clade including <i>C. allocaudata</i> and <i>Bravasaurus arrierosorum</i>. In the entire set of MPTs, four possible arrangements for this polytomy were found, as seen in Fig. 23C. <i>Caieira allocaudata</i> and <i>Br. arrierosorum</i> form a minimal clade in all alternative arrangements, sister to either <i>G. faustoi</i> or to a clade congregating the other Serra da Galga Formation titanosaurs. Alternatively, <i>G. faustoi</i> was recovered either within or as sister-taxon to the specimens assigned here to <i>Ba. britoi</i>. The second iteration was performed with the coding of the BR-262 specimens and the holotypes of <i>Ba. britoi</i> and <i>T. pricei</i> combined. This resulted in 1,500 MPTs of 1,502 steps. The strict consensus tree (Fig. 23A) shows <i>Ba. britoi</i> in a polytomy with <i>G. faustoi</i> and a clade including <i>C. allocaudata</i> and <i>Br. arrierosorum</i>. The clade congregating these four taxa is supported by a single synapomorphy: middle to posterior trunk vertebrae with pneumatic fossae located on the dorsal margin of the centra (Ch. 189), as seen in <i>Ba. britoi</i> and <i>Br. arrierosorum</i>. The clade composed of <i>C. allocaudata</i> and <i>Br. arrierosorum</i> is also united by a single synapomorphy: posteriormost anterior and middle caudal vertebrae with vertical neural spines (Ch. 257). With additional specimens (MCT 1488-R and BR-262), the phylogenetic results confirm the position of <i>Ba. britoi</i> as an <i>Aeolosaurini</i>, as proposed by <i>Hechenleitner et al. (2020)</i> and <i>Silva Junior et al. (2022)</i>. Previously, <i>Ba. britoi</i> was recovered either as a <i>Lithostrostia</i> indet. (<i>Carballido et al., 2017</i>; <i>Filippi, Salgado &amp; Garrido, 2019</i>) or as a Saltasaurinae-like taxon (<i>e.g</i>., <i>Santucci &amp; Arruda-Campos, 2011</i>; <i>França et al., 2016</i>; <i>Gorscak et al., 2017</i>; <i>Carballido et al., 2020</i>). As for the now defunct <i>T. pricei</i>, besides its recent association to <i>Aeolosaurini</i> (<i>Hechenleitner et al., 2020</i>; <i>Silva Junior et al., 2022</i>), it has been previously recovered in disparate positions within <i>Lithostrotia</i> (<i>e.g</i>., <i>Bandeira et al., 2016</i>; <i>Martínez et al., 2016</i>; <i>Gorscak &amp; O’ Connor, 2019</i>). The affinity of <i>C. allocaudata</i> also to <i>Aeolosaurini</i> reinforces that this clade dominated the Late Cretaceous sauropod fauna of the Bauru Basin. This is the case not only of the Serra da Galga Formation, with <i>Ba. britoi</i>, <i>U. ribeiroi</i>, and <i>C. allocaudata</i>, but also of the Adamantina Formation, with <i>Ar. maximus</i> and <i>G. faustoi</i> (<i>Santucci &amp; Arruda-Campos, 2011</i>; <i>Silva Junior et al., 2022</i>).
description: Published as part of <i>Silva Junior, Julian C. G., Martinelli, Agustín G., Marinho, Thiago S., da Silva, João Ismael &amp; Langer, Max C., 2022, New specimens of Baurutitan britoi and a taxonomic reassessment of the titanosaur dinosaur fauna (Sauropoda) from the Serra da Galga Formation (Late Cretaceous) of Brazil, pp. 1-44 in PeerJ (e 14333) (e 14333) 10</i> on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14333, http://zenodo.org/record/7437091
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