cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
New book announcement: Alcohol addiction and chronic alcoholism.
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1942

description: Promotional flyer of Volume I in the series "Effects of alcohol on the individual" published at Yale University Press, edited by E. M. Jellinek on behalf of the Scientific Committee of the Research Council on Problems on Alcohol. Contains scope, table of contents, and list of contributors.
Vacuum polarization of graphene with a supercritical Coulomb impurity: Low-energy universality and discrete scale invariance
Creators: name: Nishida, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study massless Dirac fermions in a supercritical Coulomb potential with the emphasis on that its low-energy physics is universal and parametrized by a single quantity per supercritical angular momentum channel. This low-energy parameter with the dimension of length is defined only up to multiplicative factors and thus each supercritical channel exhibits the discrete scale invariance. In particular, we show that the induced vacuum polarization has a power-law tail whose coefficient is a sum of log-periodic functions with respect to the distance from the potential center. This coefficient can also be expressed in terms of the energy and width of so-called atomic collapse resonances. Our universal predictions on the vacuum polarization and its relationship to atomic collapse resonances shed new light on the longstanding fundamental problem of quantum electrodynamics and can in principle be tested by graphene experiments with charged impurities.
description: 6 pages; published version with a comparison to the exact diagonalization on a honeycomb lattice
A model of the effect of uncertainty on the C elegans L2/L2d decision
Creators: name: Avery, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: At the end of the first larval stage, the C elegans larva chooses between two developmental pathways, an L2 committed to reproductive development and an L2d, which has the option of undergoing reproductive development or entering the dauer diapause. I develop a quantitative model of this choice using mathematical tools developed for pricing financial options. The model predicts that the optimal decision must take into account not only the expected potential for reproductive growth, but also the uncertainty in that expected potential. Because the L2d has more flexibility than the L2, it is favored in unpredictable environments. I estimate that the ability to take uncertainty into account may increase reproductive value by as much as 5%, and discuss possible experimental tests for this ability.
AN EXPLORATION OF THE ACCESSIBLE CREATION OF TWINS FOR VIRTUAL INTERACTION
Creators: name: Benton, Andrew Cavan
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Industrial electronics
Simulation, modelling, and programming of mechatronics systems
Mechatronics hardware design and architecture

description: Cyber-physical systems (CPS) and Digital Twins (DT) are increasingly used in industry to integrate physical objects into digital ecosystems, enabling applications such as adaptive automation, extended reality (XR) learning and control, and realistic simulation. These tools promise to revolutionize the relationship between fabrication and its stakeholders, providing efficiency gains, improved training, more intuitive interfacing, and additional insight into the production process. However, creating these systems requires networking, programming, 3D modeling, and video editing expertise. As a result, their advantages are inaccessible for individuals, makerspaces, and small and medium-sized enterprises central to mass personal?ization. This thesis presents two systems that democratize access to these advanced tools and their benefits through virtual environments. The first is MakerVerse, built on top of a middleware that democratizes access to the advantages of CPS for common fabrication machines by leveraging W3C’s Web of Things standards. The middleware enables a codeless workflow to create heterogeneous CPS, synchronizes key properties of the physical system with its 3D model, and generates the XR UI elements required for monitoring and control. The second is a mixed-reality skill learning system capable of capturing and transferring intention and causality information of assembly tasks from experts to novices. A 48-person user study showed this system to be a more effective learning tool with shorter learning time and deeper comprehension of the tasks.
ESM1_Text_and_figures from Branching coral morphology affects physiological performance in the absence of colony integration
Creators: name: Edmunds, Peter J.
name: Johnson, Kelly W.
name: Burgess, Scott C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary text and a figure to enhance interpretation of the main document.
High-Performance Computing for Scheduling Decision Support: A Parallel Depth-First Search Heuristic
Creators: name: Rauchecker, Gerhard
name: Schryen, Guido
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: scheduling, decision support, heuristic, high performance computing, parallel algorithms
subject: 004 Informatik

description: Many academic disciplines - including information systems, computer science, and operations management - face scheduling problems as important decision making tasks. Since many scheduling problems are NP-hard in the strong sense, there is a need for developing solution heuristics. For scheduling problems with setup times on unrelated parallel machines, there is limited research on solution methods and to the best of our knowledge, parallel computer architectures have not yet been taken advantage of. We address this gap by proposing and implementing a new solution heuristic and by testing different parallelization strategies. In our computational experiments, we show that our heuristic calculates near-optimal solutions even for large instances and that computing time can be reduced substantially by our parallelization approach.
Game-theoretic characterization of antidegradable channels
Creators: name: Buscemi, Francesco
name: Datta, Nilanjana
name: Strelchuk, Sergii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a guessing game involving a quantum channel, three parties - the sender, the receiver and an eavesdropper, Eve - and a quantum public side channel. We prove that a necessary and sufficient condition for the quantum channel to be antidegradable, is that Eve wins the game. We thus obtain a complete operational characterization of antidegradable channels in a game-theoretic framework.
description: v2: published version, 14 pages, 1 figure; v1: 13 pages, 1 figure
Nonlinear relativistic corrections to cosmological distances, redshift and gravitational lensing magnification. II - Derivation
Creators: name: Umeh, Obinna
name: Clarkson, Chris
name: Maartens, Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a derivation of the cosmological distance-redshift relation up to second order in perturbation theory. In addition, we find the observed redshift and the lensing magnification to second order. We do not require that the density contrast is small, we only that the metric potentials and peculiar velocities are small. Thus our results apply into the nonlinear regime, and can be used for most dark energy models. We present the results in a form which can be readily computed in an N-body simulation. This paper accompanies arXiv:1207.2109, where the key results are summarised in a physically transparent form and applications are discussed.
description: 25 pages, 1 figure. v2 has presentational changes and minor corrections. To appear in CQG
R-mode instability of strange stars and observations of neutron stars in LMXBs
Creators: name: PI, Chun-Mei
name: Yang, Shu-Hua
name: Zheng, Xiao-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a realistic equation of state (EOS) of strange quark matter, namely, the modified bag model, and considering the constraints to the parameters of EOS by the observational mass limit of neutron stars, we study the r-mode instability window of strange stars, and find the same result as the brief study of Haskell, Degenaar and Ho in 2012 that these instability windows are not consistent with the spin frequency and temperature observations of neutron stars in LMXBs.
description: 8 pages,4 figures
bronzezeitliche Goldhort von Gessel, Stadt Syke, Ldkr. Diepholz Beschreibung der einzelnen Goldobjekte, Beobachtungen zur Herstellungsweise und erste archäologische Einordnung
Creators: name: Haßmann, Henning
name: Heintges, Tina
name: Niemuth, Andreas
name: Rasink, Bernd
name: Wulf, Friedrich-Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2023

description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 81 (2012): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Vorgeschichte
ESM2_Matadata_for_Biology_data from Branching coral morphology affects physiological performance in the absence of colony integration
Creators: name: Edmunds, Peter J.
name: Johnson, Kelly W.
name: Burgess, Scott C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Metadata to accompany .csv file in which all biological data are provided.
ПОЭТИКА МЕТАФОРИЧЕСКОГО РОМАНА
Creators: name: Холбоева М.О.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: В данной статье мы будем рассматривать метафору в виде действенного способа, с помощью которого Чингиз Айтматов выражал свою художественную мысль, а также такие понятия как метафорика, поэтика и поэтика метафорического романа (текста).
Ключевые слова: метафора, выразительные средства, переносный смысл, аналогия, сходство, ассоциация, сопоставление, метафорика, метафорика художественного текста, поэтика, поэтика метафорического романа
Mass radius relation of compact stars in the braneworld
Creators: name: Castro, Luis B.
name: Alloy, Marcelo D.
name: Menezes, Débora P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The braneworld scenario, based on the fact that the four dimension space-time is a hyper-surface of a five dimensional manifold, was shown to deal in a satisfactory way with the hierarchy problem. In this work we study macroscopic stellar properties of compact stars from the braneworld point of view. Using neutron star equations of state, we test the possibility of extra dimensions by solving the brane Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations obtained for three kinds of possible compact objects: hadronic, hybrid and quark stars. By comparing the macroscopic solutions with observational constraints, we establish a brane tension lower limit and the value for which the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations in the braneworld converge to the usual Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, to appear in JCAP
Equidistribution of expanding degenerate manifolds in the space of lattices
Creators: name: Shah, Nimish A.
name: Yang, Pengyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 37A17, 11J83, Secondary 22E46, 14L24, 11J13

description: For the space of unimodular lattices in a Euclidean space, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for equidistribution of expanding translates of any real-analytic submanifold under a diagonal flow. This extends the earlier result of Shah in the case of non-degenerate submanifolds.
 We apply the above dynamical result to show that if the affine span of a real-analytic submanifold in a Euclidean space satisfies certain Diophantine and arithmetic conditions, then almost every point on the manifold is not Dirichlet-improvable.
description: 50 pages. Added details and fixed typos. Comments are welcome
Real-Space Visualization of Remnant Mott Gap and Magnon Excitations
Creators: name: Wang, Yao
name: Jia, Chunjing
name: Moritz, Brian
name: Devereaux, Thomas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the ability to visualize real-space dynamics of charge gap and magnon excitations in the Mott phase of the single-band Hubbard model and the remnants of these excitations with hole or electron doping. At short times, the character of magnetic and charge excitations is maintained even for large doping away from the Mott and antiferromagnetic phases. Doping influences both the real-space patterns and long timescales of these excitations with a clear carrier asymmetry attributable to particle-hole symmetry breaking in the underlying model. Further, a rapidly-oscillating charge density wave-like pattern weakens, but persists as a visible demonstration of a sub-leading instability at half-filling which remains upon doping. The results offer an approach to analyzing the behavior of systems where momentum-space is either inaccessible or poorly defined.
description: Updated 5 pages, 4 figures; supplementary material with published article
Visual analysis of density and velocity profiles in dense 3D granular gases
Creators: name: Puzyrev, Dmitry
name: Fischer, David
name: Harth, Kirsten
name: Trittel, Torsten
name: Hidalgo, Raúl Cruz
name: Falcon, Eric
name: Noirhomme, Martial
name: Opsomer, Eric
name: Vandewalle, Nicolas
name: Garrabos, Yves
name: Lecoutre, Carole
name: Palencia, Fabien
name: Stannarius, Ralf
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Visual analysis
subject: Density
subject: Velocity profiles
subject: Granular gases
subject: 530

description: Granular multiparticle ensembles are of interest from fundamental statistical viewpoints as well as for the understanding of collective processes in industry and in nature. Extraction of physical data from optical observations of three-dimensional (3D) granular ensembles poses considerable problems. Particle-based tracking is possible only at low volume fractions, not in clusters. We apply shadowbased and feature-tracking methods to analyze the dynamics of granular gases in a container with vibrating side walls under microgravity. In order to validate the reliability of these optical analysis methods, we perform numerical simulations of ensembles similar to the experiment. The simulation output is graphically rendered to mimic the experimentally obtained images. We validate the output of the optical analysis methods on the basis of this ground truth information. This approach provides insight in two interconnected problems: the confirmation of the accuracy of the simulations and the test of the applicability of the visual analysis. The proposed approach can be used for further investigations of dynamical properties of such media, including the granular Leidenfrost effect, granular cooling, and gas-clustering transitions.
Testing scenarios of primordial black holes being the seeds of supermassive black holes by ultracompact minihalos and CMB $μ$-distortions
Creators: name: Kohri, Kazunori
name: Nakama, Tomohiro
name: Suyama, Teruaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive black holes and intermediate mass black holes are believed to exist in the Universe. There is no established astrophysical explanation for their origin and considerations have been made in the literature that those massive black holes (MBHs) may be primordial black holes (PBHs), black holes which are formed in the early universe (well before the matter-radiation equality) due to the direct collapse of primordial overdensities. This paper aims at discussing the possibility of excluding the PBH scenario as the origin of the MBHs. We first revisit the constraints on PBHs obtained from the CMB distortion that the seed density perturbation causes. By adopting a recent computation of the CMB distortion sourced by the seed density perturbation and the stronger constraint on the CMB distortion set by the COBE/FIRAS experiment used in the literature, we find that PBHs in the mass range $6\times 10^4~M_\odot \sim 5 \times 10^{13}~M_\odot$ are excluded. Since PBHs lighter than $6 \times 10^4~M_\odot$ are not excluded from the non-observation of the CMB distortion, we propose a new method which can potentially exclude smaller PBHs as well. Based on the observation that large density perturbations required to create PBHs also result in the copious production of ultracompact minihalos (UCMHs), compact dark matter halos formed at around the recombination, we show that weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) as dark matter annihilate efficiently inside UCMHs to yield cosmic rays far exceeding the observed flux. Our bound gives severe restriction on the compatibility between the particle physics models for WIMPs and the PBH scenario as the explanation of MBHs.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures, Replacement to match published version
Superconductivity of lanthanum revisited: enhanced critical temperature in the clean limit
Creators: name: Löptien, P.
name: Zhou, L.
name: Khajetoorians, A. A.
name: Wiebe, J.
name: Wiesendanger, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thickness dependence of the superconducting energy gap $Δ_{\rm{La}}$ of double hexagonally close packed (dhcp) lanthanum islands grown on W(110) is studied by scanning tunneling spectroscopy, from the bulk to the thin film limit. Superconductivity is suppressed by the boundary conditions for the superconducting wavefunction at the surface and W/La interface, leading to a linear decrease of the critical temperature $T_c$ as a function of the inverse film thickness. For thick, bulk-like films, $Δ_{\rm{La}}$ and $T_c$ are 40% larger as compared to literature values of dhcp La measured by other techniques. This finding is reconciled by examining the effects of surface contamination as probed by modifications of the surface state, suggesting that the large $T_c$ originates in the superior purity of the samples investigated here.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Optimizing phase estimation algorithms for diamond spin magnetometry
Creators: name: Nusran, N. M.
name: Dutt, M. V. Gurudev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed theoretical and numerical study discussing the application and optimization of phase estimation algorithms (PEAs) to diamond spin magnetometry. We compare standard Ramsey magnetometry, the non-adaptive PEA (NAPEA) and quantum PEA (QPEA) incorporating error-checking. Our results show that the NAPEA requires lower measurement fidelity, has better dynamic range, and greater consistency in sensitivity. We elucidate the importance of dynamic range to Ramsey magnetic imaging with diamond spins, and introduce the application of PEAs to time-dependent magnetometry.
Thomas-Fermi profile of a fast rotating Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Nguyen, Dinh-Thi
name: Rougerie, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q40, 81V70, 81S05, 46N50

description: We study the minimizers of a magnetic 2D non-linear Schrödinger energy functional in a quadratic trapping potential, describing a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate. We derive an effective Thomas-Fermi-like model in the rapidly rotating limit where the centrifugal force compensates the confinement, and available states are restricted to the lowest Landau level. The coupling constant of the effective Thomas-Fermi functional is linked to the emergence of vortex lattices (the Abrikosov problem). We define it via a low density expansion of the energy of the corresponding homogeneous gas in the thermodynamic limit.
description: The previous version, submitted in August 2022, had an unphysical restriction on the allowed scaling of physical parameters of the problem. We bypass this by a kind of bootstrap argument. We also correct a mistake in the proof of the density convergence in the LLL case
A quantitative structural analysis of AR-42 derivatives as HDAC1 inhibitors for the identification of promising structural contributors
Creators: name: Kundu, R.
name: Banerjee, S.
name: Baidya, S.K.
name: Adhikari, N.
name: Jha, T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Alteration and abnormal epigenetic mechanisms can lead to the aberration of normal biological functions and the occurrence of several diseases. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) family of enzymes is one of the prime regulators of epigenetic functions modifying the histone proteins, and thus, regulating epigenetics directly. HDAC1 is one of those HDACs which have important contributions to cellular epigenetics. The abnormality of HDAC is correlated to the occurrence, progression, and poor prognosis in several disease conditions namely neurodegenerative disorders, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, and survival in various cancers. Therefore, the progress of potent and effective HDAC1 inhibitors is one of the prime approaches to combat such diseases. In this study, both regression and classification-based molecular modelling studies were conducted on some AR-42 derivatives as HDAC1 inhibitors to elucidate the crucial structural aspects that are responsible for regulating their biological responses. This study revealed that the molecular polarizability, van der Waals volume, the presence of aromatic rings as well as the higher number of hydrogen bond acceptors might affect prominently their inhibitory activity and might be responsible for proper fitting and interactions at the HDAC1 active site to pertain effective inhibition.
Search and Retrieval Strategies in the Systematic Literature Search. Terminologies and Taxonomies in Information and Library Sciences
Creators: name: Merz, Anne-Kathrin
name: Knüttel, Helge
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Evidence Based Medicine; Systematic Review; Information Behaviour; Information Retrieval
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: Background Systematic literature searches (SLS) are a core element of systematic reviews (SR) in the Evidence Based Medicine. For reasons of quality assurance, they ideally follow a strict methodology: they have not only to be comprehensive, exhaustive and error-robust, but also documented by protocol. Main sources for systematic reviews are original works, usually published in journals and referenced in bibliographic databases. Due to systematic distortions of the literary landscape (1), clinical trial registries and grey literature as sources of information are becoming increasingly relevant the recent years. This makes searching a resource-consuming process in which the development of optimal and reproduceable search strategies with a focus on optimizing recall and precision is a crucial task (2). Successful efforts were made to support individual steps of the LSP through text mining applications (3–7), but a systematic classification of those methods and tools in the context of search and retrieval processes is still missing (4, 5), as well as a complete framework of effective strategies in SLS (8). Objectives Since the 1970’s a variety of models are used to describe search processes and design information retrieval systems (9–15). Some of these were referenced in the methodology of SR’s (16, 17), but they have not yet been critically verified concerning the appropriateness to describe seeking processes in SR’s (16). Connecting the views of information and library sciences makes a sustainable contribution to the understanding of seeking and searching in systematic literature. Methods Our work bases on a comprehensive literature review on the methodology of SLS and observational studies with focus on tactics for search terms identification and the development of search strategies using bibliographic databases. It presents a comparison and classification of terminologies and taxonomies of SLS’s in both research directions and combines them into a common model. Conclusions Our future model may be useful as a theoretical base for the development of software systems that can automate and simplify single aspects of the systematic literature searches.
Low-Energy Effective Hamiltonian for Giant-Gap Quantum Spin Hall Insulators in Honeycomb X-Hydride/Halide (X=N-Bi) Monolayers
Creators: name: Liu, Cheng-Cheng
name: Guan, Shan
name: Song, Zhigang
name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
name: Yang, Jinbo
name: Yao, Yugui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the tight-binding method in combination with first-principles calculations, we systematically derive a low-energy effective Hilbert subspace and Hamiltonian with spin-orbit coupling for two-dimensional hydrogenated and halogenated group-V monolayers. These materials are proposed to be giant-gap quantum spin Hall insulators with record huge bulk band gaps opened by the spin-orbit coupling at the Dirac points, e.g., from 0.74 to 1.08 eV in Bi\textit{X} (\textit{X} = H, F, Cl, and Br) monolayers. We find that the low-energy Hilbert subspace mainly consists of $p_{x}$ and $p_{y}$ orbitals from the group-V elements, and the giant first-order effective intrinsic spin-orbit coupling is from the on-site spin-orbit interaction. These features are quite distinct from those of group-IV monolayers such as graphene and silicene. There, the relevant orbital is $p_z$ and the effective intrinsic spin-orbit coupling is from the next-nearest-neighbor spin-orbit interaction processes. These systems represent the first real 2D honeycomb lattice materials in which the low-energy physics is associated with $p_{x}$ and $p_{y}$ orbitals. A spinful lattice Hamiltonian with an on-site spin-orbit coupling term is also derived, which could facilitate further investigations of these intriguing topological materials.
description: 4 figures
Weyl fermions induced Magnon electrodynamics in Weyl semimetal
Creators: name: Hutasoit, Jimmy A.
name: Zang, Jiadong
name: Roiban, Radu
name: Liu, Chao-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weyl fermions, which are fermions with definite chiralities, can give rise to anomalous breaking of the symmetry of the physical system which they are a part of. In their (3+1)-dimensional realizations in condensed matter systems, i.e., the so-called Weyl semimetals, this anomaly gives rise to topological electromagnetic response of magnetic fluctuations, which takes the form of non-local interaction between magnetic fluctuations and electromagnetic fields. We study the physical consequences of this non-local interaction, including electric field assisted magnetization dynamics, an extra gapless magnon dispersion, and polariton behaviors that feature "sibling" bands in small magnetic fields.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Enhancing Decision Support in Multi User Service Selection
Creators: name: Heinrich, Bernd
name: Lewerenz, Lars
name: Mayer, Michael
name: Klier, Mathias
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Decision support, service-oriented systems, service selection, multiple users
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: In service-oriented systems, the execution of processes can be supported by composing a variety of different services. In this context, an important research question concerns the selection of the optimal services while taking multiple users and their individual goals into account. Existing multi user service selection approaches focus on restrictions like fixed capacity restrictions of services. However, due to inter-user relations there may also be user requests that refer to other users, like for example that some users may prefer to conduct certain services together. Such Inter-User-Requests (IUR) – have not been addressed in research yet. To address this issue, we propose a novel multi user service selection approach taking into account IUR. We evaluate our approach with respect to correctness and performance. In addition, we examine the practical applicability by means of a real-world example and show that considering IUR in multi user service selection can considerably enhance decision support.
Optical-faint, Far-infrared-bright Herschel Sources in the CANDELS Fields: Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies at z>1 and the Effect of Source Blending
Creators: name: Yan, Haojing
name: Stefanon, Mauro
name: Ma, Zhiyuan
name: Willner, Steven
name: Somerville, Rachel
name: Ashby, Matthew
name: Dave, Romeel
name: Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo G.
name: Cava, Antonio
name: Wiklind, Tommy
name: Kocevski, Dale
name: Rafelski, Marc
name: Kartaltepe, Jeyhan
name: Cooray, Asantha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Herschel very wide-field surveys have charted hundreds of square degrees in multiple far-IR (FIR) bands. While the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is currently the best resource for optical counterpart identifications over such wide areas, it does not detect a large number of Herschel FIR sources and leaves their nature undetermined. As a test case, we studied seven "SDSS-invisible", very bright 250um sources (S_{250} > 55 mJy) in the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) fields where we have a rich multi-wavelength data set. We took a new approach to decompose the FIR sources, using the near-IR or the optical images directly for position priors. This is an improvement over the previous decomposition efforts where the priors are from mid-IR data that still suffer from the source blending problem in the first place. We found that in most cases the single Herschel sources are made of multiple components that are not necessarily at the same redshifts. Our decomposition succeeded in identifying and extracting their major contributors. We show that these are all ULIRGs at z ~ 1--2 whose high L_IR is mainly due to dust-obscured star formation. Most of them would not be selected as sub-mm galaxies. They all have complicated morphologies indicative of merger or violent instability, and their stellar populations are heterogeneous in terms of stellar masses, ages and formation histories. Their current ULIRG phases are of various degrees of importance in their stellar mass assembly. Our practice provides a promising starting point to develop an automatic routine to reliably study bright Herschel sources.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJS
Photovoltaic effect in an electrically tunable van der Waals heterojunction
Creators: name: Furchi, Marco M.
name: Pospischil, Andreas
name: Libisch, Florian
name: Burgdörfer, Joachim
name: Mueller, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semiconductor heterostructures form the cornerstone of many electronic and optoelectronic devices and are traditionally fabricated using epitaxial growth techniques. More recently, heterostructures have also been obtained by vertical stacking of two-dimensional crystals, such as graphene and related two- dimensional materials. These layered designer materials are held together by van der Waals forces and contain atomically sharp interfaces. Here, we report on a type- II van der Waals heterojunction made of molybdenum disulfide and tungsten diselenide monolayers. The junction is electrically tunable and under appropriate gate bias, an atomically thin diode is realized. Upon optical illumination, charge transfer occurs across the planar interface and the device exhibits a photovoltaic effect. Advances in large-scale production of two-dimensional crystals could thus lead to a new photovoltaic solar technology.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures, Nano Letters 2014
Finding inhibitors and deciphering inhibitor-induced conformational plasticity in the Janus kinase via multiscale simulations
Creators: name: Sk, M.F.
name: Kar, P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The Janus kinase (JAK) is a master regulator of the JAK/STAT pathway. Dysregulation of this signalling cascade causes neuroinflammation and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, JAKs have been characterized as an attractive target for developing anti-inflammatory drugs. Nowadays, designing efficient, effective, and specific targeted therapeutics without being cytotoxic has gained interest. We performed the virtual screening of natural products in combination with pharmacological analyses. Subsequently, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to study the stability of the ligand-bound complexes and ligand-induced inactive conformations. Notably, inactive kinases display remarkable conformational plasticity; however, ligand-induced molecular mechanisms of these conformations are still poorly understood. Herein, we performed a free energy landscape analysis to explore the conformational plasticity of the JAK1 kinase. Leonurine, STOCK1N-68642, STOCK1N-82656, and STOCK1N-85809 bound JAK1 exhibited a smooth transition from an active (αC-in) to a completely inactive conformation (αC-out). Ligand binding induces disorders in the αC-helix. Molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) calculation suggested three phytochemicals, namely STOCK1N-68642, Epicatechin, and STOCK1N-98615, have higher binding affinity compared to other ligand molecules. The ligand-induced conformational plasticity revealed by our simulations differs significantly from the available crystal structures, which might help in designing allosteric drugs.
The Jaynes-Cummings model and its descendants
Creators: name: Larson, Jonas
name: Mavrogordatos, Th. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model has been at the forefront of quantum optics for almost six decades to date, providing one of the simplest yet intricately nonlinear formulations of light-matter interaction in modern physics. Laying most of the emphasis on the omnipresence of the model across a range of disciplines, this monograph brings up the fundamental generality of its formalism, looking at a wide gamut of applications in specific physical systems among several realms, including atomic physics, quantum optics, solid-state physics and quantum information science. When bringing the various pieces together to assemble our narrative, we have primarily targeted researchers in quantum physics and quantum optics. The monograph also comprises an accessible introduction for graduate students engaged with non-equilibrium quantum phase transitions, quantum computing and simulation, and quantum many-body physics. In that framework, we aim to reveal the common ground between physics and applications scattered across literature and different technological advancements. The exposition guides the reader through a vibrant field interlacing quantum optics and condensed-matter physics. All sections are devoted to the strong interconnection between theory and experiment, historically linked to the development of the various modern research directions stemming from JC physics. This is accompanied by a comprehensive list of references to the key publications that have shaped its evolution since the early 1960s. Finally, we have endeavored to keep the presentation of such a multi-sided material as concise as possible, interspersing continuous text with various illustrations alongside an economical use of mathematical expressions.
description: Second edition, published as part of IOP ebooks; Online ISBN: 978-0-7503-6452-2, Print ISBN: 978-0-7503-6448-5. Totaling 338 pages with 87 figures, more than 2000 references and an expanded Index. Third substantial revision, incorporating feedback from several researchers, as well as numerous references up to 2024
Triggered single-photon generation and resonance fluorescence in ultra-low loss integrated photonic circuits
Creators: name: Chanana, Ashish
name: Larocque, Hugo
name: Moreira, Renan
name: Carolan, Jacques
name: Guha, Biswarup
name: Anant, Vikas
name: Song, Jin Dong
name: Englund, Dirk
name: Blumenthal, Daniel J.
name: Srinivasan, Kartik
name: Davanco, Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A central requirement for photonic quantum information processing systems lies in the combination of nonclassical light sources and low-loss, phase-stable optical modes. While substantial progress has been made separately towards ultra-low loss, $\leq1$ dB/m, chip-scale photonic circuits and high brightness single-photon sources, integration of these technologies has remained elusive. Here, we report a significant advance towards this goal, in the hybrid integration of a quantum emitter single-photon source with a wafer-scale, ultra-low loss silicon nitride photonic integrated circuit. We demonstrate triggered and pure single-photon emission directly into a Si$_3$N$_4$ photonic circuit with $\approx1$ dB/m propagation loss at a wavelength of $\approx920$ nm. These losses are more than two orders of magnitude lower than reported to date for any photonic circuit with on-chip quantum emitter sources, and $>50$ % lower than for any prior foundry-compatible integrated quantum photonic circuit, to the best of our knowledge. Using these circuits we report the observation of resonance fluorescence in the strong drive regime, a milestone towards integrated coherent control of quantum emitters. These results constitute an important step forward towards the creation of scaled chip-integrated photonic quantum information systems.
Hyper-Scaling Relations in the Conformal Window from Dynamic AdS/QCD
Creators: name: Evans, Nick
name: Scott, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamic AdS/QCD is a holographic model of strongly coupled gauge theories with the dynamics included through the running anomalous dimension of the quark bilinear, gamma. We apply it to describe the physics of massive quarks in the conformal window of SU(N_c) gauge theories with N_f fundamental flavours, assuming the perturbative two loop running for gamma. We show that to find regular, holographic, renormalization group flows in the infra-red the decoupling of the quark flavours at the scale of the mass is important and enact it through suitable boundary conditions when the flavours become on shell. We can then compute the quark condensate and the mesonic spectrum (M_rho, M_pi, M_sigma) and decay constants. We compute their scaling dependence on the quark mass for a number of examples. The model matches perturbative expectations for large quark mass and naive dimensional analysis (including the anomalous dimensions) for small quark mass. The model allows study of the intermediate regime where there is an additional scale from the running of the coupling and we present results for the deviation of scalings from assuming only the single scale of the mass.
description: 12 pages, 26 figures, new references added
‘Lost Voices’: The targeted hostility experienced by new arrivals
Creators: name: Clarke, Amy L.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis explores the ‘everyday’ lived realities of new immigrants, asylum seekers and refugees who experience a wide range of targeted victimisation, and highlights the emotional and behavioural impacts of those experiences on victims and the wider immigrant population. The study employs the concept of ‘super-diversity’ and develops an original empirical approach to exploring the racism, discrimination and targeted hostility experienced by new arrivals through this lens. This thesis provides a platform for the ‘hidden’ voices of particularly new arrivals from socially, culturally, economically and ethnically broad backgrounds to be heard and acknowledged in all their complexity. In particular, the research focuses on the ‘everyday’ incidents of microaggressions and infrequently discussed ‘micro-crimes’ that range from being insulted and ignored to harassment and threats of violence. By moving away from dominant, decades old perceptions of ‘race’ and ‘ethnicity’ and official definitions of hate crime, this research develops scope to ensure that the everyday experiences of people targeted because of their perceived nationality, legal status or ‘foreign’ identity are also captured. The study adopts a qualitative, flexible and reflexive approach that draws from interviews with new arrivals, participant observation and the supplementary use of ‘imaginative’ and non-conventional methods of data collection. The findings of this study highlight the pervasive nature of both direct and indirect targeted victimisation of new arrivals perpetrated by both White British residents and by members of the same or different ethnic minority community. The findings also reveal the importance of perceived ‘safe’ and ‘unsafe’ space, feelings of belonging and freedom of identity in shaping new arrivals’ sense of happiness in their host society. The findings also demonstrate how structural racism, discrimination and exclusion all serve to limit and restrict the opportunities and social mobility of new arrivals which ultimately has significant implications for their chances of wider, meaningful integration.
Synthesis of new benzimidazole derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole: their in vitro antimicrobial, in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations studies
Creators: name: Çevik, U. Acar
name: Işık, A.
name: Evren, A.E.
name: Kapusız, Ö.
name: Gül, Ü.D.
name: Özkay, Y.
name: Kaplancıklı, Z.A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: A series of some new benzimidazole-1,3,4-thiadiazoles was synthesized. The structures of target substances were confirmed by using 1H-NMR and 13С-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against six bacterial strains namely Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 2942), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213)and four fungal strains namely Candida albicans (ATCC 24433), Candida krusei (ATCC 6258), Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) and Candida glabrata (ATCC 9). Antimicrobial data revealed that compounds 4f and 4i with MIC of < 0.97 µg/mL were found to be most effective against E. coli. Among the studied molecules, compounds 4f and 4i showed the best antifungal activity with MIC value of 1.95 µg/mL. Additionally, docking studies were performed towards the most promising compounds 4f and 4i, in the active site of DNA gyrase revealing strong interactions. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis was also used to investigate the dynamic nature, binding interaction, and protein–ligand stability.
ENVRI SP - Dashboard State of the Environment - Ocean Indicators
Creators: name: Krijger, Tjerk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: ENVRI-FAIR
Science Project
Dashboard State of the Environment
EOSC
EOSC-FUTURE

description: The attached .yaml file is used as input to the Dashboard State of the Environment, which is a science project of the ENVRI-FAIR science cluster within EOSC-FUTURE. The contents of the file enable the visualization of Ocean indicators on the dashboard. It is possible to download the attached file and change the contents to include indicators from different domains such as atmosphere or biodiversity.
Conformal and non Conformal Dilaton Gravity
Creators: name: Alvarez, Enrique
name: Herrero-Valea, Mario
name: Martín, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum dynamics of the gravitational field non-minimally coupled to an (also dynamical) scalar field is studied in the {\em broken phase}. For a particular value of the coupling the system is classically conformal, and can actually be understood as the group averaging of Einstein-Hilbert's action under conformal transformations. Conformal invariance implies a simple Ward identity asserting that the trace of the equation of motion for the graviton is the equation of motion of the scalar field. We perform an explicit one-loop computation to show that the DeWitt effective action is not UV divergent {\em on shell} and to find that the Weyl symmetry Ward identity is preserved {\em on shell} at that level. We also discuss the fate of this Ward identity at the two-loop level --under the assumption that the two-loop UV divergent part of the effective action can be retrieved from the Goroff-Sagnotti counterterm-- and show that its preservation in the renormalized theory requires the introduction of counterterms which exhibit a logarithmic dependence on the dilaton field.
description: LateX, 50 pages. Several points clarified; references added. New section on Weyl invariant renormalisation added