cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A new chemotherapy strategy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with exrahepatic metastasis: predictors of long-term survival
Creators: name: Sun, Juxian
name: Liu, Chang
name: He, Dandan
name: Jiang, Dafeng
name: Cheng, Shuqun
name: Shi, Jie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with extrahepatic metastasis (EHM) is extremely poor. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors for systemic chemotherapy of HCC with EHM. Eighty-five patients who received systemic chemotherapy for HCC with EHM between May 2014 and October 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Patient demographic data and characteristics of hepatic tumors and EHM were assessed to identify factors that were significantly associated with prognosis. Of the 85 patients, 68 (80.0%) had pulmonary metastasis, 11 (12.9%) had abdominal lymph node metastasis, 7 (8.2%) had abdominal metastasis, and 4 (4.7%) had bone metastasis. The median overall survival (OS) was 17.0 months, and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.1 months. Univariate analysis of OS showed that synchronous EHM-HCC, serum albumin level<35 g/l and number of hepatic tumors>1 were significantly associated with poorer OS. The results of the multivariate analysis indicated that the serum albumin level and number of hepatic tumors were independent prognostic factors. Subgroup analysis of patients with 0, 1, or 2 of these independent prognostic factors showed that the median OS was 24.0 months, 16.2 months and 7.7 months and that the ORR was 38.3%, 22.6% and 0, respectively. Systemic chemotherapy is beneficial for well-selected HCC patients with EHM. The number of hepatic tumors and serum albumin level were independent risk factors for prognosis, and the number of risk factors significantly influenced OS. Therefore, these factors need to be considered before administering systemic chemotherapy for HCC patients with EHM.
The relation between the true and observed fractal dimensions of turbulent clouds
Creators: name: Beattie, James R.
name: Federrath, Christoph
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of interstellar gas clouds are typically limited to two-dimensional (2D) projections of the intrinsically three-dimensional (3D) structure of the clouds. In this study, we present a novel method for relating the 2D projected fractal dimension ($\mathcal{D}_{\text{p}}$) to the 3D fractal dimension ($\mathcal{D}_{\text{3D}}$) of turbulent clouds. We do this by computing the fractal dimension of clouds over two orders of magnitude in turbulent Mach number $(\mathcal{M} = 1-100)$, corresponding to seven orders of magnitude in spatial scales within the clouds. This provides us with the data to create a new empirical relation between $\mathcal{D}_{\text{p}}$ and $\mathcal{D}_{\text{3D}}$. The proposed relation is $\mathcal{D}_{\text{3D}}(\mathcal{D}_{\text{p}}) = Ω_1 erfc ( ξ_1 erfc^{-1}[ (\mathcal{D}_{\text{p}} - \mathcal{D}_{\text{p,min}})/Ω_2 ] + ξ_2 ) + \mathcal{D}_{\text{3D,min}}$, where the minimum 3D fractal dimension, $\mathcal{D}_{\text{3D,min}} = 2.06 \pm 0.35$, the minimum projected fractal dimension, $\mathcal{D}_{\text{p,min}} = 1.55 \pm 0.13$, $Ω_1 = 0.47 \pm 0.18$, $Ω_2 = 0.22 \pm 0.07$, $ξ_1 = 0.80 \pm 0.18$ and $ξ_2 = 0.26 \pm 0.19$. The minimum 3D fractal dimension, $\mathcal{D}_{\text{3D,min}} = 2.06 \pm 0.35$, indicates that in the high $\mathcal{M}$ limit the 3D clouds are dominated by planar shocks. The relation between $\mathcal{D}_{\text{p}}$ and $\mathcal{D}_{\text{3D}}$ of molecular clouds may be a useful tool for those who are seeking to understand the 3D structures of molecular clouds, purely based upon 2D projected data and shows promise for relating the physics of the turbulent clouds to the fractal dimension.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures. Accepted 2019 May 13
The Impact of Approved Anti-obesity Medications on Osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Baser, Onur
name: Rodchenko, Katarzyna
name: Vivier, Elizabeth
name: Baser, Isabel
name: Lu, Yuanqing
name: Mohamed, Munira
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Obesity has been established as a significant risk factor for osteoarthritis. Anti-obesity medications (AOMs) have demonstrated efficacy in weight management. However, potential impact on osteoarthritis risk remains uncertain. This retrospective cohort study used Kythera data from NOV2022 to JULY2024. Patients with obesity using AOMs were identified through diagnosis and prescription claims for tirzepatide, semaglutide, or liraglutide between 1NOV2023 and 31JAN2024, with a 6-month follow-up to assess OA risk. OA risk, analyzed using Cox regression and propensity score matching, controlled for comorbidities and sociodemographic factors. There were 39,394 patients living with obesity using AOM (23,933 semaglutide 12,854 tirzepatide, 2,607 liraglutide) and 72,405 without AOM use. The adjusted osteoarthritis risk was 27% % lower in AOM users than in non-users (hazard ratio (HR) = 073, 95% CI (0.67-0.79), p < 0.01). Among AOMs, tirzepatide was associated with a significantly lower osteoarthritis (OA) risk compared to semaglutide (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.50-0.65, p < 0.0001). Liraglutide was linked to a significantly higher OA risk vs tirzepatide (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.23-2.15, p = 0.0007). AOM use was associated with a significantly lower risk of OA and may be an effective obesity management intervention.
The Role of Initiation Factor Dynamics in Translation Initiation
Creators: Elvekrog, Margaret Mary
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Chemistry
Biophysics
Biochemistry

description: Like most biological polymerization reactions, ribosome-catalyzed protein synthesis, or translation, can be divided into initiation, elongation, and termination stages. Initiation is the rate-limiting stage of translation and a critical site for translational control of gene expression. Throughout all stages of protein synthesis, the ribosome is aided by essential protein co-factors known as translation factors. I have studied the role that two translation initiation factors, IF1 and IF3, play in the mechanism and regulation of translation initiation in Escherichia coli. Specifically, I have used single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) as a primary tool for investigating how the dynamics of IF1 and IF3 regulate the accuracy with which the translational machinery selects an initiator transfer RNA (tRNA) and the correct messenger RNA (mRNA) start codon during the initiation stage of protein synthesis.
The Role of Magnetic Resonance in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis, Characterization and Treatment
Creators: Kruchevsky, Natalia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Diagnostic imaging
Oncology

description: One in six men will be affected by prostate cancer in their life time. Prostate cancer can be slow or fast growing and it affects mainly men over fifty. Current options for treatments are surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy and active surveillance. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy is a non-invasive, sensitive, and non-radioactive way to detect, characterize and understand the anatomy, physiology and metabolism of a tumor. MRI provides high image resolution that depicts the zonal anatomy of the prostate and cancer in areas that may have been missed by a biopsy. The field of MRI/MRS is constantly evolving toward new emerging techniques that can provide higher accuracy and sensitivity for cancer detection as well as treatment planning.
The Role of Mental Imagery within the Practice of Spiritual Healing
Creators: Peck, Sarah Buffington
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Art--Study and teaching
Adult education
Spiritual healing
Imagery (Psychology)
Alternative medicine

description: Arguably, the practice of spiritual healing is simple in that it requires only the human body without utilizing a known physical means of intervention. Yet, it is confounding because its mechanisms, such as the belief and ability of the healer, are unable to be measured with a device. Given that, in recent years, spiritual healing has been found to be among the most prevalent practices in the field of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, and that studies measuring its efficacy show variable results, it is important to understand its underlying mechanisms. Researchers have been studying the practice of spiritual healing, finding that, although the spiritual healer is not considered an actual device, metaphorically speaking, evidence suggests that she or he appears to be the most refined “instrument” of measurement. In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the perceptions of spiritual healers, this qualitative case study asks: what is the role of the mental imagery of ten spiritual healers and their three clients over the course of three spiritual healings? To determine this, the study presents the following subquestions: 1) How do spiritual healers construct, experience, and express mental imagery during a spiritual healing treatment? 2) What kind, if any, comparability is there across different constructions, experiences, and expressions of mental imagery during a spiritual healing as described by the spiritual healers and their clients? Among other findings, this study found that the spiritual healers constructed, experienced, and expressed mental imagery in three main ways, including 1) initial perceptions, 2) meaning and interpretations, and 3) perceptions of spiritual healing. These themes existed for all of the spiritual healers across all cases. Within each of these themes, the researcher then generated a list of subthemes that were most prevalent. This study found that the subthemes and statements were overlapping and distinct to each case. Additionally, this was further confirmed by overlaps among the spiritual healers’ perceptions as they related to each of their clients’ accounts, reiterating that the spiritual healers constructed, experienced, and expressed mental imagery that was specific to each of their clients.
The Role of Mga in the Survival of Pluripotent Cells During Peri-implantation Development
Creators: Washkowitz, Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Developmental biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular biology

description: The dual specificity transcription factor Mga contains both a T-box binding domain and a basic helix-loop-helix zipper (bHLHZip) domain. Loss of Mga leads to embryonic lethality by E5.5. In vitro blastocyst culture and embryonic stem (ES) cell culture identify a lack of pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM) derived cells as the cause of embryonic lethality. Loss of Mga leads to increased apoptosis in E4.5 embryos, though there is no decrease in the amount of cell proliferation. Embryos with mutant Mga have fewer pluripotent ICM cells during delayed implantation, though the number of differentiated primitive endoderm cells remained initially stable. Despite the loss of pluripotent cells, there is no change in the pattern of expression of Nanog or Oct4, pluripotent cell markers, or Gata4, a primitive endoderm marker. Expression of Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of cellular polyamines, was identified as a possible cause of embryonic lethality based on a similar mutant phenotype as well as the presence of E-box sequences in genetic regulation loci. ODC is expressed at lower levels in the ICM of Mga mutants. Blastocyst and ES cell culture defects were rescued when cultured in the presence of exogenous putrescine, the metabolic product of ODC. These results suggest a mechanism for Mga to influence pluripotent cell survival through interactions with other bHLHZip domain proteins in the regulation of the polyamine pool in pluripotent cells of the embryo.
Non-Abelian Monopole and Dyon Solutions in a Modified Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs System
Creators: name: Cornell, A. S.
name: Joshi, G. C.
name: Rozowsky, J. S.
name: Wali, K. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied a modified Yang-Mills-Higgs system coupled to Einstein gravity. The modification of the Einstein-Hilbert action involves a direct coupling of the Higgs field to the scalar curvature. In this modified system we are able to write a Bogomol'nyi type condition in curved space and demonstrate that the positive static energy functional is bounded from below. We then investigate non-Abelian sperically symmetric static solutions in a similar fashion to the `t Hooft-Polyakov monopole. After reviewing previously studied monopole solutions of this type, we extend the formalism to included electric charge and we present dyon solutions.
description: 18 pages LaTeX, 7 eps-figures
A study and comparison of information systems for social, economic and demographic data in five United Kingdom institutions related to the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Central Library in the Philippines
Creators: name: Don, Florina G.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A study and comparison of information systems for social, economic and demographic data in five United Kingdom institutions related to the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Central Library in the Philippines
Phyllactinia himalayensis I. Zafar, Afshan & Khalid 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zafar, Irsa
name: Afshan, Najam-Ul-Sehar
name: Khalid, Abdul Nasir
name: Liu, Shu-Yan
name: Tang, Shu-Rong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Leotiomycetes
Erysiphales
Erysiphaceae
Phyllactinia
Phyllactinia himalayensis

description: Phyllactinia himalayensis I. Zafar, Afshan & Khalid sp. nov. (Figs 2, 3) MycoBank no. 843800
 Diagnosis:— Phyllactinia himalayensis is distinguished from the phylogenetically allied species Ph. betulae and Ph. linderae by its large-sized chasmothecia, up to 280 µm diam., rather shorter appendages, 68‒184 µm, small ascospores, 10‒20 × 7‒13 µm, and its distinct position in the phylogenetic analysis.
 Type:— PAKISTAN. Azad Jammu & Kashmir: Poonch, 33.76°N, 74.09°E, 1,006 m alt., on leaves of Juglans regia L., 9 Dec. 2021, I. Zafar and N. S. Afshan [AJK-07] (LAH 37119– holotype). GenBank accession number: (ON 332255).
 Etymology:— the species epithet refers to the type locality, Himalayan forest, Pakistan.
 Description:— MYCELIUM hypophyllous, external, effuse, evanescent.CHASMOTHECIA scattered to gregarious, black, globose to subglobose, 190‒280 µm diam. PERIDIUM CELLS conspicuous, regularly hexagonal, sometimes polygonal, 7‒20 µm diam. APPENDAGES equatorial, 6–12, stiff, 68‒184 µm long and 5‒12 µm wide, bulbous basal swelling 21‒27 × 33‒40 µm, apex pointed, 0.5‒1 times as long as the chasmothecial diam., thick-walled, up to 6 µm wide below. ASCI 5‒10, broad ellipsoid, obovoid, clavate, 55‒86 × 20‒38 µm, short stalked, content yellowish, wall up to 3 µm thick, 2‒3-spored. ASCOSPORES ellipsoid to ovoid, 10‒20 × 7‒13 µm, colourless, sometimes yellowish.
 Additional material examined:— PAKISTAN. Azad Jammu & Kashmir: District Bagh, 33.9735°N, 73.7918°E, 1676 m alt., on leaves of Juglans regia, 9 Oct. 2020, I. Zafar and N.S. Afshan [AJK-30] (LAH 37118). GenBank accession number: (ON 332222).
description: Published as part of Zafar, Irsa, Afshan, Najam-Ul-Sehar, Khalid, Abdul Nasir, Liu, Shu-Yan & Tang, Shu-Rong, 2022, Phyllactinia himalayensis, a new species on Juglans regia from Pakistan, pp. 267-276 in Phytotaxa 548 (2) on page 271, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.548.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/6597880
The Role of N6-methyladenosine RNA Methylation in the Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Creators: Lee, Heather
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cytology
Molecular biology
Hematopoietic stem cells
DNA--Methylation
Cell differentiation

description: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all blood cells and are characterized by their ability for life-long self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. HSC function is regulated by complex cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic pathways, but these regulatory mechanisms are not completely understood. Recent work has demonstrated that the epitranscriptional modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has important roles in the regulation of many physiologic and pathologic processes in various cell types, but it was previously unknown if and how m6A may regulate adult HSC function. In this work, I uncover the role for m6A in HSC regulation, both cell-intrinsically in regulating HSC differentiation and cell–extrinsically by regulating the formation the HSC bone marrow niche.
Why all blood donations should be tested for hepatitis E virus (HEV)
Creators: name: Denner, Joachim
name: Pischke, Sven
name: Steinmann, Eike
name: Blümel, Johannes
name: Glebe, Dieter
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Hepatitis E virus
subject: Blood donations
subject: Blood transfusion
subject: Safety
subject: Blood testing
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background Hepatitis E is a liver disease caused by a small RNA virus known as hepatitis E virus (HEV). Four major genotypes infect humans, of which genotype 1 and 2 (HEV-1, HEV-2) are endemic mainly in Asia and responsible for waterborne epidemics. HEV-3 and HEV-4 are widely distributed in pigs and can be transmitted to humans mainly by undercooked meat, and contact with pigs. HEV-3 is the main genotype in industrialised countries with moderate climate conditions and object of this debate. Main text Whereas an HEV-3 infection in healthy humans is mostly asymptomatic, HEV-3 can induce chronic infection in immunocompromised individuals and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in patients with underlying liver diseases. The number of reported cases of HEV-infections in industrialised nations increased significantly in the last years. Since HEV-3 has been transmitted by blood transfusion to other humans, testing of blood donors has been introduced or introduction is being discussed in some industrialised countries. In this article we summarise the arguments in favour of testing all blood donations for HEV-3. Conclusion The number of HEV infection in the population and the possibility of HEV transmission by blood transfusion are increasing. Transmission by blood transfusion can be dangerous for the recipients considering their immunosuppressive status, underlying disease or other circumstances requiring blood transfusion. This argues in favour of testing all blood donations for HEV-3 to prevent transmission.
On a class of dynamical systems both quasi-bi-Hamiltonian and bi-Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Morosi, C.
name: Tondo, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that a class of dynamical systems (encompassing the one recently considered by F. Calogero [J. Math. Phys. 37 (1996) 1735]) is both quasi-bi-Hamiltonian and bi-Hamiltonian. The first formulation entails the separability of these systems; the second one is obtained trough a non canonical map whose form is directly suggested by the associated Nijenhuis tensor.
description: 11 pages, AMS-LaTex 1.1
Method for solving hyperbolic systems with initial data on non-characteristic manifolds with applications to the shallow water wave equations
Creators: name: Rybkin, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58J45, 76B15, 35Q35

description: We are concerned with hyperbolic systems of order-one linear PDEs originated on non-characteristic manifolds. We put forward a simple but effective method of transforming such initial conditions to standard initial conditions (i.e. when the solution is specified at an initial moment of time). We then show how our method applies in fluid mechanics. More specifically, we present a complete solution to the problem of long waves run-up in inclined bays of arbitrary shape with nonzero initial velocity.
Ehlers symmetry in four dimensions
Creators: name: Majumdar, Sucheta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting with the light-cone Hamiltonian for gravity, we perform a field redefinition that reveals a hidden symmetry in four dimensions, namely the Ehlers $SL(2,R)$ symmetry. The field redefinition, which is non-local in space but local in time, acts as a canonical transformation in the Hamiltonian formulation keeping the Poisson bracket relations unaltered. We discuss the electro-magnetic duality symmetry of gravity in the light-cone formalism, which forms the $SO(2)$ subgroup of the Ehlers symmetry. The helicity states in the original Hamiltonian are not in a representation of the enhanced symmetry group. In order to make the symmetry manifest, we make a change of variables in the path integral from the helicity states to new fields that transform linearly under the $SO(2)$ duality symmetry.
description: 19 pages
A Bernstein type inequality for sums of selections from three dimensional arrays
Creators: name: Banerjee, Debapratim
name: Sordello, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the three dimensional array $\mathcal{A} = \{a_{i,j,k}\}_{1\le i,j,k \le n}$, with $a_{i,j,k} \in [0,1]$, and the two random statistics $T_{1}:= \sum_{i=1}^n \sum_{j=1}^n a_{i,j,σ(i)}$ and $T_{2}:= \sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i,σ(i),π(i)}$, where $σ$ and $π$ are chosen independently from the set of permutations of $\{1,2,\ldots,n \}.$ These can be viewed as natural three dimensional generalizations of the statistic $T_{3}=\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i,σ(i)}$, considered by Hoeffding \cite{Hoe51}. Here we give Bernstein type concentration inequalities for $T_{1}$ and $T_{2}$ by extending the argument for concentration of $T_{3}$ by Chatterjee \cite{Cha05}.
Futebol como ópio do povo ou ferramenta de oposição política.pdf
Creators: name: Macedo Dalcol, Pedro Luís
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 500205
subject: History and philosophy of the humanities

description: Este artigo busca analisar de que forma o futebol evidenciou um dos principais dilemas da oposição à ditadura militar brasileira
The Role of Neighborhood Space in Fostering Sense of Community In Affordable Housing Communities In Shanghai
Creators: Yu, Xinchi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Community development--Social aspects
subject: Housing
subject: Neighborhood planning
subject: City planning
subject: Land use--Planning
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The rapid economic growth in China has intensified wealth polarization and increased the amount of low- and moderate-income people in urban area. In response to people’s growing needs of housing, Chinese governments have constructed large volume of affordable housing projects. However, the insufficient and low-quality community facilities and spaces, as well as weak neighbor interaction, may insert negative impact on residents’ sense of community. This study aims to explore the connection and reciprocity between the neighborhood space and the building of residents’ sense of community. I employed empirical case study in the research, and observations, surveys and interviews are used to collect data. Based on the comparative case study and regression analysis of the data, my findings suggest that the sufficiency, accessibility and utilization of neighborhood physical space, as well as people’s familiarity of the community, perception of neighbor interaction and willingness to talk and help, have significant correlations with the degree of residents’ sense of community. Policy recommendations are provided in order to promote the community development of affordable housing communities in China.
Spatial Phase Separation of a Binary Mixture in a Ring Trimer
Creators: name: Penna, Vittorio
name: Richaud, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phase separation mechanism of bosonic binary mixtures in spatially-fragmented traps, evidencing the emergence of phases featuring a different degree of mixing. The analysis is initially carried out by means of a semiclassical approach which transparently shows the occurrence of critical phenomena. These predictions are actually corroborated by the study of genuinely quantum indicators, including, but not limited to, the energy levels' structure and the entanglement between the species. The scope of our work goes also beyond the ground state's properties, as it comprises excited states and the dynamical evolution thereof. In particular, after introducing an indicator to monitor the degree of mixing, we show that several dynamical regimes feature persistent demixing in spite of their remarkably chaotic character.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1: of Karyotype, evolution and phylogenetic reconstruction in Micronycterinae bats with implications for the ancestral karyotype of Phyllostomidae
Creators: name: T. Benathar
name: C. Nagamachi
name: L. Rodrigues
name: P. O’Brien
name: M. Ferguson-Smith
name: F. Yang
name: J. Pieczarka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Table of specimens analyzed. Species, Number of individuals/sex, locality, state of origin (SO), diploid number (2n), fundamental number (FN) and deposit of specimen vouchers analyzed in the present study. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG); Collection of Mammals Museum of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (CMUFMT); Museum of Zoology, Federal University of Western Pará (MZUFOPA); Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá (IEPA). (DOCX 22 kb)
The Role of Modified UNC-68 in Age-related Caenorhabditis elegans Muscle Function Loss
Creators: Forrester, Frances M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Caenorhabditis elegans
subject: Muscle cells

description: Age-dependent loss of body wall muscle function and locomotion has been observed in C. elegans, however its cause has yet to be elucidated. Utilizing biochemical techniques and calcium imaging, we demonstrate that aberrant calcium (Ca2+) release via the ryanodine receptor (RyR) homologue UNC-68 contributes to age-dependent muscle weakness in C. elegans. We show that UNC-68 comprises a macromolecular complex bearing FKB-2, a C. elegans immunophilin with high homology to the stabilizing subunit calstabin (calcium channel stabilizing binding protein, or FKBP12). Furthermore, we demonstrate that as the nematode ages, UNC-68 is oxidized and depleted of FKB-2, resulting in “leaky” channels, depleted SR calcium stores, and a reduction in body wall muscle Ca2+ transients at baseline.
      These perturbations resulted in a motility phenotype, where fkb-2(ok3007) worms harboring a deletion mutation that abolishes FKB-2 binding to the UNC-68 macromolecular complex suffered from poor muscle performance and exercise fatigue in swimming trials. Moreover, pharmacological interventions inducing oxidization of UNC-68 and depletion FKB-2 from the channel independently cause reduced body wall muscle Ca2+ transients, strongly suggesting that UNC-68 oxidation and FKB-2 depletion contribute to muscle function loss observed in aging. UNC-68 oxidation was found to correlate with lifespan, happening earlier in short-lived mitochondrial electron transport chain strains and later in long-lived worms. Finally, preventing FKB-2 depletion from the UNC-68 macromolecular complex in aged C. elegans using the Rycal drug S107 improved muscle Ca2+ transients. Taken together, our data implicate UNC-68 dysfunction in the underlying mechanism of muscle function loss in C. elegans, analogous to observations made of RyR1 dysfunction in aged mammalian skeletal muscle, and describes for the first time a potential role for FKB-2 in C.elegans  physiology.
MOESM4 of Exploration of carbohydrate binding behavior and anti-proliferative activities of Arisaema tortuosum lectin
Creators: name: Kshema Thakur
name: Tarnjeet Kaur
name: Manpreet Kaur
name: Hora, Rachna
name: Singh, Jatinder
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S3. Accession numbers of lectins and their full forms included in this comparison.
Indicator-based public health monitoring in old age in OECD member countries: a scoping review
Creators: name: Grube, Maike Miriam
name: Möhler, Ralph
name: Fuchs, Judith
name: Gaertner, Beate
name: Scheidt-Nave, Christa
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Public health
subject: Monitoring
subject: Old age
subject: Indicators
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background The scoping review was conducted as part of the project “Improving Health Monitoring in Old Age” (IMOA) which aims at developing a conceptual framework with key indicators for a public health monitoring of the population aged 65 years and older in Germany. We systematically identified indicator-based monitoring systems that focus on health and wellbeing of older populations in member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and analysed them with regard to structure, development and content. Methods A systematic search strategy included searching the websites of national public health institutes, an additional internet search and a MEDLINE search via PubMed. Indicator systems were included if they presented data on a national level, if they were published or updated after 01/01/2007, if they relied on more than one data source and if they were available in English or German. Data on the structure and development of the indicator sets were extracted using a standardized documentation form, and a content analysis of the indicators was conducted using a pre-defined conceptual framework with three health areas and 11 health domains that is based on the Worlds Health Organization’s “World Report on Ageing and Health” and on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Results Ten indicator-based monitoring systems met our inclusion criteria. Of these, six systems focused exclusively on older populations, and four offer a specific subset of indicators for older age. The number of indicators varied between 22 and 53 (median 32.5). Four systems were directly related to national public health or healthy ageing strategies, and two systems had been developed in consensus processes involving multiple stakeholders. The highest numbers of indicators could be assigned to the domains “health care”, “nursing and community care”, “wealth and poverty” and “physical health”. Overall, 47 different concepts could be identified in the monitoring systems. Conclusion Among indicator-based monitoring systems of health in older age identified in member countries of the OECD, there is considerable variation with regard to structure, development and content. The results will inspire the development of a public health monitoring of the older population in Germany.
The Role of Public Disclosure in Regulatory Oversight: Evidence from SEC Comment Letters
Creators: Duro Rivas, Miguel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Accounting

description: This paper examines the benefits and costs of disclosing regulatory oversight actions. Specifically, I analyze the capital-market consequences of the SEC’s decision to make firm reviews publicly available. Typically, following a review of a public company, the SEC creates a “comment letter” describing its concerns about the company’s financials. Comment letters were previously available only to the company itself, but the SEC started publishing them in 2005. Using a unique database of comment letters issued before 2005, my research design exploits the staggered disclosure of comment letters to show that the letters affect information asymmetry differently in the pre- and post-periods. While the comment letters exacerbate information asymmetry around earnings releases when they are private, they decrease it when public. This effect is stronger when the reviews are more timely. I also show that comment letters increase the information content of the associated earnings releases only when they are public. The effect is stronger for companies with higher levels of investor monitoring. However, I provide evidence that the SEC’s disclosure decision has enhanced managers’ ability to anticipate the content of the reviews, partially mitigating oversight efficacy. Despite this cost, my results suggest that the disclosure of SEC’s reviews helps to level the playing field among investors and improves the complementary oversight role played by the market.
The Role of Relatedness and Expressive Flexibility In the Prediction of Complicated Grief
Creators: Brooker, Monica
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Clinical psychology

description: The current study explores the association between expressive flexibility, attachment, interpersonal dependency, and complicated grief among a sample of middle-aged bereaved adults. A relatedness framework, which encompasses specific and more generalized relational interpersonal behaviors, was utilized to broaden the frame of inquiry. This study represents one of the first systematic efforts to examine conjointly attachment and dependency behaviors in a middle-aged bereaved population. It is also one of the first empirical explorations of the association between dependency and expressive flexibility. The Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised questionnaire (ECR-R; Fraley, Waller, and Brennan, 2000) was employed to derive anxious and avoidant attachment schemas. Adaptive and maladaptive interpersonal dependence were measured utilizing the Relationship Profile Test (RPT; Bornstein and Languirand, 2003). Participants were asked to express, suppress, or behave normally to evocative images. Observer ratings of participants' responses were used to measure expressive enhancement and suppression ability. Results indicated a significant association between expressive flexibility factors, attachment, and complicated grief, and more notably a relationship between dependency and complicated grief. Results also revealed adaptive dependence (i.e., healthy dependency) as the strongest predictor of complicated grief, above and beyond attachment related anxiety and avoidance. The data also suggested that expressive enhancement ability moderates the relationship between healthy dependency and complicated grief, such that the interaction between low expressive enhancement ability and low healthy dependence predict significantly increase the likelihood of complicated grief. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest the importance of including expressive flexibility and dependency factors in understanding complicated grief. The clinical implications of these findings are also discussed.
The Role of SGZ Neurogenesis in Hippocampal Dependent Learning and Memory
Creators: Potz, Brittany
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Advances in technology have allowed for the discovery of adult neurogenesis in the human brain. Adult neurogenesis is found only in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampal formation. There are two types of progenitors found in the SGZ and their growth is thought to be influenced by their immediate environment called the neurogenic niche. Research suggests that new neurons generated in the brain are integrated into existing brain circuitry. This paper will focus on neurogenesis in the SGZ and provide evidence supporting its influence on the hippocampal functions of learning and memory. It appears that some forms of hippocampal dependent learning influence levels of neurogenesis and that the number of adult born neurons influences learning and memory. SGZ neurogenesis is thought to be regulated by factors such as genetics, environment, and age. These factors regulate some forms of hippocampal dependent tasks in a correlative manner. Research on the function of SGZ neurogenesis in hippocampal dependent learning and memory comes to varying conclusions that are caused by differences in procedures. Research indicates that the relationship between adult neurogenesis in the SGZ and hippocampal dependent learning and memory may be dependent on: the age of the neurons, the age of the subjects and the type of learning that is occurring. More work needs to be done before a comprehensive understanding of the functionality of adult neurogenesis can be made.
Intermittency in Dynamics of Two-Dimensional Vortex-like Defects
Creators: name: Lebedev, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine high-order dynamical correlations of defects (vortices, disclinations etc) in thin films starting from the Langevin equation for the defect motion. We demonstrate that dynamical correlation functions $F_{2n}$ of vorticity and disclinicity behave as $F_{2n}\sim y^2/r^{4n}$ where $r$ is the characteristic scale and $y$ is the fugacity. As a consequence, below the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature $F_{2n}$ are characterized by anomalous scaling exponents. The behavior strongly differs from the normal law $F_{2n}\sim F_2^n$ occurring for simultaneous correlation functions, the non-simultaneous correlation functions appear to be much larger. The phenomenon resembles intermittency in turbulence.
description: 30 pages, 11 figures
Spatiotemporal self-similar fiber laser
Creators: name: Teğin, Uğur
name: Kakkava, Eirini
name: Rahmani, Babak
name: Psaltis, Demetri
name: Moser, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter, we demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, the first spatiotemporally mode-locked fiber laser with self-similar pulse evolution. The multimode fiber oscillator generates parabolic amplifier similaritons at 1030 nm with 90 mW average power, 2.3 ps duration, and 37.9 MHz repetition rate. Remarkably, we observe experimentally a near-Gaussian beam quality (M^2<1.4) at the output of the highly multimode fiber. The output pulses are compressed to 192 fs via an external grating compressor. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the cavity dynamics which confirm experimental observations of self-similar pulse propagation. The reported results open a new direction to investigate new types of pulse besides beam shaping and nonlinear dynamics in spatiotemporal mode-locked fiber lasers.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Vacuum String Field Theory ancestors of the GMS solitons
Creators: name: Bonora, L.
name: Mamone, D.
name: Salizzoni, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a sequence of VSFT D-branes whose low energy limit leads exactly to a corresponding sequence of GMS solitons. The D-branes are defined by acting on a fixed VSFT lump with operators defined by means of Laguerre polynomials whose argument is quadratic in the string creation operators. The states obtained in this way form an algebra under the SFT star product, which is isomorphic to a corresponding algebra of GMS solitons under the Moyal product. In order to obtain a regularized field theory limit we embed the theory in a constant background B field.
description: 1+16 pages; v2: typos corrected; v3: two appendices added, final version
MOESM5 of Exploration of carbohydrate binding behavior and anti-proliferative activities of Arisaema tortuosum lectin
Creators: name: Kshema Thakur
name: Tarnjeet Kaur
name: Manpreet Kaur
name: Hora, Rachna
name: Singh, Jatinder
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 5: Figure S2. (A) Cartoon representation of theoretical model of predicted ATL polypeptide as visualized by PyMol. Sheets are represented as red ribbons and loops as magenta lines. The conserved CRS are in green sticks. (B) Overall model quality and (C) Local model quality graphs for ATL model as determined by ProSAII. (D) Ramachandran plot of final ATL model as determined by PROCHECK. Blue squares represent non-glycine residues, blue triangles represent glycine residues and red squares represent residues that are not favoured in Ramachandran plot.
The Role of Racial Socialization and Ethnocentrism in the Racial Identity Development of Second-Generation Black West Indian Americans
Creators: Hall, Schekeva
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Counseling psychology

description: Scholars suggest Black West Indian Americans' ethnocentric attitudes toward Black Americans have notable effects on the racial socialization and identity of American-born West Indian children.  This study explored the associations between racial socialization, ethnocentric attitudes, and racial identity for second-generation West Indian Americans in the United States. This unique study adds to the limited racial socialization-racial identity literature for this growing ethnic population. It is also the first study of its kind to explore whether ethnocentric attitudes mediate the relationship between racial socialization experiences and racial identity attitudes. Furthermore, this study adds to the movement towards better analytic practices of measuring racial identity attitudes through the use of strength of endorsement profile analysis. Participants in this study included 151 youth and young adults, who completed a survey including a Socio-Demographic Sheet, the Teenager Experiences of Racial Socialization Scale (Stevenson, Cameron, Herrero-Taylor & Davis, 2002), the Image Scale-modified (Smith, 1990), and the Black Racial Identity Attitude Scale-long form (Parham & Helms, 1996).  A canonical correlation analysis established two unique shared variates between racial socialization and racial identity status attitudes. The first variate indicated racial pride themed socializations and a preparation for racial bias themed socialization were positively related to Internalization and Immersion-Emersion status attitudes and inversely related to Pre-encounter status attitudes.  The second variate indicated that mistrust themed socialization was positively related to Immersion/Emersion, Encounter and Pre-encounter status attitudes. Regression analyses found significant relationships between pride-themed racial socialization and ethnocentric attitudes and between ethnocentric attitudes and Pre-encounter status attitudes for this population.  However, there was no significant evidence that ethnocentric attitudes mediated the racial pride-themed socialization and Pre-encounter status attitude relation. MANOVAs with sample-generated racial identity attitude profile groups were also significant. Participants in three dominant profile groups, Pre-encounter, Immersion/Emersion, and Internalization, along with a "Flat" or Undifferentiated profile group, significantly differed in their reports of preparation for racial bias and racial pride socialization.   This study's findings suggest that racial identity development for this population is multifaceted. Furthermore, it seems that second-generation West Indian Americans can maintain ethnocentric biased attitudes about Black Americans yet be aware of and connected to the political implications of being Black in America. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
The Role of Self-Affirmation and Self-Construal Levels in Attenuating the Gender Performance Gap
Creators: Kim, Jennifer Young-Jin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Organizational behavior
subject: Social psychology
subject: Self-perception
subject: Affirmations
subject: Sex differences

description: The purpose of this study was to examine how to enhance the buffering effects of stereotype threat interventions among women. We specifically wanted to understand whether self-affirmation type and self-construal levels, an individual difference variable, interact to mitigate the gender performance gap among Masters of Business Administration (MBA) students. By examining how an individual difference variable, such as self-construal level, impacts the way people respond to a stereotype threat intervention, we hoped to elucidate factors that could help tailor interventions according to an individual’s needs. Participants were assigned to one of three self-affirmation conditions: 1) individual self-affirmation, 2) collective self-affirmation, and 3) control condition. In the individual self-affirmation condition, participants were asked to write about a value that was important to them; in the collective self-affirmation condition, participants were asked to write about a value that was important to them and a group with whom they identified; and in the control condition, participants were asked to write about a value that might be important to someone else. Study results revealed that the gender performance gap as measured by semester grades in the core quantitative courses disappeared for women who engaged in an individual self-affirmation condition, but not for women who were assigned to the collective self-affirmation or control condition. Moreover, the results also showed that when there was alignment between a woman’s self-construal level and the type of affirmation received, the buffering effects of the intervention were enhanced even more. More specifically, we saw enhanced performance for women who were high on individualism, but low on collectivism and assigned to the individual self-affirmation condition as well as for women who were high on collectivism, but low on individualism and assigned to the collective self-affirmation condition. Study significance and implications are discussed.