cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Magnetic phases evolution in the LaMn1-xFexO3+y system
Creators: name: de Lima, O. F.
name: Coaquira, J. A. H.
name: de Almeida, R. L.
name: de Carvalho, L. B.
name: Malik, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the crystal structure and magnetic properties for polycrystalline samples of LaMn1-xFexO3+y, in the whole range x=0.0 to x=1.0, prepared by solid state reaction in air. All samples show the ORT-2 orthorhombic structure that suppresses the Jahn-Teller distortion, thus favoring a ferromagnetic (FM) superexchange (SE) interaction between Mn^{3+}-O-Mn^{3+}. For x=0.0 the oxygen excess (y ~ 0.09) produces vacancies in the La and Mn sites and generates a fraction around 18% of Mn^{4+} ions and 82% of the usual Mn^{3+} ions, with possible double exchange interaction between them. The Fe doping in this system is known to produce only stable Fe^{3+} ions. We find an evolution from a fairly strong FM phase with a Curie temperature T_{C} ~ 160 K, for x=0.0, to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase with T_{N} = 790 K, for x=1.0, accompanied by clear signatures of a cluster-glass behavior. For intermediate Fe contents a mixed-phase state occurs, with a gradual decrease (increase) of the FM (AFM) phase, accompanied by a systematic transition broadening for 0.2 < x < 0.7. A model based on the expected exchange interaction among the various magnetic-ion types, accounts very well for the saturation-magnetization dependence on Fe doping.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures
Generating User-Centred Explanations via Illocutionary Question Answering: From Philosophy to Interfaces
Creators: name: Sovrano, Francesco
name: Vitali, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new method for generating explanations with AI and a tool to test its expressive power within a user interface. In order to bridge the gap between philosophy and human-computer interfaces, we show a new approach for the generation of interactive explanations based on a sophisticated pipeline of AI algorithms for structuring natural language documents into knowledge graphs, answering questions effectively and satisfactorily. With this work we aim to prove that the philosophical theory of explanations presented by Achinstein can be actually adapted for being implemented into a concrete software application, as an interactive and illocutionary process of answering questions. Specifically, our contribution is an approach to frame illocution in a computer-friendly way, to achieve user-centrality with statistical question answering. Indeed, we frame the illocution of an explanatory process as that mechanism responsible for anticipating the needs of the explainee in the form of unposed, implicit, archetypal questions, hence improving the user-centrality of the underlying explanatory process. Therefore, we hypothesise that if an explanatory process is an illocutionary act of providing content-giving answers to questions, and illocution is as we defined it, the more explicit and implicit questions can be answered by an explanatory tool, the more usable its explanations. We tested our hypothesis with a user-study involving more than 60 participants, on two XAI-based systems, one for credit approval and one for heart disease prediction. The results showed that increasing the illocutionary power of an explanatory tool can produce statistically significant improvements on effectiveness. This, combined with a visible alignment between the increments in effectiveness and satisfaction, suggests that our understanding of illocution can be correct, giving evidence in favour of our theory.
description: Extended version of arXiv:2109.04171. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2109.04171; text overlap with arXiv:2109.05327
Additional file 12 of Disentangling the mechanisms shaping the surface ocean microbiota
Creators: name: Logares, Ramiro
name: Deutschmann, Ina M.
name: Junger, Pedro C.
name: Giner, Caterina R.
name: Krabberød, Anders K.
name: Schmidt, Thomas S. B.
name: Rubinat-Ripoll, Laura
name: Mestre, Mireia
name: Salazar, Guillem
name: Ruiz-González, Clara
name: Sebastián, Marta
name: de Vargas, Colomban
name: Acinas, Silvia G.
name: Duarte, Carlos M.
name: Gasol, Josep M.
name: Massana, Ramon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 12: Table S5. Summary of significant OTUs-99% associations  for the TARA Oceans dataset based on MIC.
Large statistics study of the topological charge distribution in the SU(3) gauge theory
Creators: name: Giusti, Leonardo
name: Petrarca, Silvano
name: Taglienti, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present preliminary results for a high statistics study of the topological charge distribution in the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory obtained by using the definition of the charge suggested by Neuberger fermions. We find statistical evidence for deviations from a gaussian distribution. The large statistics required has been obtained by using PCs of the INFN-GRID.
description: Talk given at the 24th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2006), Tucson, Arizona, 23-28 Jul 2006
Irradiance and Operation Point Dependence of c-Si Cell Series Resistance
Creators: name: Kuurne, J.
name: Tolvanen, A.
name: Hyvärinen, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1255-1257
description: Series resistance is a valuable measurement parameter for production lines as well as laboratories. It is
usually described with a single lumped resistance number that is derived from the equivalent circuit for a solar cell.
However, due to the distributed nature of current flow in the cell, lumped resistance is not constant over the operating
region of the cell. The aim of this work is twofold: To study the behavior of lumped resistance under different
operating conditions by varying irradiance intensities and cell operation point, and on the other hand, analyze the
available measurement methods. The work is performed by measuring IV-curves and a Suns-Voc curves of 28
industrial 156mm c-Si solar cells under irradiance intensities ranging from 400 to 1200 W/m2 and determining series
resistance values for different cell currents. The applied methods are the comparison of IV and Suns-Voc curve
(Suns) and the comparison of IV curves under different intensity levels (IEC). For lumped resistances of less than 0.7
Ohm-cm2, found to be typical for most of the measured cells, the intensity dependence of resistance is negligible and
does not contribute to the accuracy of the methods used. Therefore, IEC method performs better when using larger
rather than smaller intensity variations. The operating current dependence of lumped resistance is more pronounced
even with low resistance cells, being on average over 30% higher near maximum power point than at Voc.
Comparison of the data from Suns and IEC methods showed that both methods result in similar values, typically
within +/-10%, for cells with low Rs. In cells with higher Rs, the IEC method will begin to deviate from Suns
method. This follows directly from the intensity dependence that starts to show up at larger series resistance values.
An exploratory study examining intra-site advertising and its effect on the online user experience
Creators: name: Bright, Laura Frances
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2004
Subjects: Intra-site advertising
Online consumer behavior

description: For the purposes of this research, interactivity is defined as the degree to which a given website element can communicate quickly, effectively, and synchronously with its users (Steuer, 1992). The website element that is the focus of this research is intra-site advertising, a persuasion tool used by digital designers to advertise a company's offerings within its own website, hoping to increase information flow therein. Although considerable research attention has been paid to the construct of interactivity, most of this has focused on specific interactive advertisements and websites and how those affect consumer attitudes and behaviors. So far, little attention has been paid to how websites can improve information flow within themselves using advertising persuasion as a tool. Using a survey research design, this research will investigate if intra-site advertising can be used to increase information flow, specifically on travel destination websites. A total of 300 University of Texas students participated in this survey research. For those study participants who indicated viewing the intra-site advertising (41.4% / n=109) during the website navigation procedure, the majority found it to be worthwhile in terms of helping find website information in a non-intrusive manner. Building on these results, future research in this area should investigate the effects of interactivity, location, and congruency of intra-site advertising on online consumer behavior.
Additional file 1 of Three-dimensional vascular microenvironment landscape in human glioblastoma
Creators: name: Cribaro, George P.
name: Saavedra-López, Elena
name: Romarate, Leire
name: Mitxitorena, Izaskun
name: Díaz, Laura R.
name: Casanova, Paola V.
name: Meritxell Roig-Martínez
name: Gallego, José M.
name: Perez-Vallés, Ana
name: Barcia, Carlos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1, Table S2. Neuropathological data of the GBM patients and antibodies used in the methodology.
Rescaled weighted random balls models and stable self-similar random fields
Creators: name: Breton, Jean-Christophe
name: Dombry, Clément
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G60 (Primary), 60F05, 60G52 (Secondary)

description: We consider weighted random balls in $\real^d$ distributed according to a random Poisson measure with heavy-tailed intensity and study the asymptotic behaviour of the total weight of some configurations in $\real^d$. This procedure amounts to be very rich and several regimes appear in the limit, depending on the intensity of the balls, the zooming factor, the tail parameters of the radii and of the weights. Statistical properties of the limit fields are also evidenced, such as isotropy, self-similarity or dependence. One regime is of particular interest and yields $α$-stable stationary isotropic self-similar generalized random fields which recovers Takenaka fields, Telecom process or fractional Brownian motion.
description: 25 pages This is a version of an original paper to be published in Stochastic Processes and Their Applications which only differs from the published paper by typographical changes
Electrically tunable and reversible magnetoelectric coupling in strained bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Schaefer, Brian T.
name: Nowack, Katja C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The valleys in hexagonal two-dimensional systems with broken inversion symmetry carry an intrinsic orbital magnetic moment. Despite this, such systems possess zero net magnetization unless additional symmetries are broken, since the contributions from both valleys cancel. A nonzero net magnetization can be induced through applying both uniaxial strain to break the rotational symmetry of the lattice and an in-plane electric field to break time-reversal symmetry owing to the resulting current. This creates a magnetoelectric effect whose strength is characterized by a magnetoelectric susceptibility, which describes the induced magnetization per unit applied in-plane electric field. Here, we predict the strength of this magnetoelectric susceptibility for Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene as a function of the magnitude and direction of strain, the chemical potential, and the interlayer electric field. We estimate that an orbital magnetization of ~5400 $μ_{\text{B}}/μ\text{m}^2$ can be achieved for 1% uniaxial strain and a 10 $μ\text{A}$ bias current, which is almost three orders of magnitude larger than previously probed experimentally in strained monolayer MoS$_2$. We also identify regimes in which the magnetoelectric susceptibility not only switches sign upon reversal of the interlayer electric field but also in response to small changes in the carrier density. Taking advantage of this reversibility, we further show that it is experimentally feasible to probe the effect using scanning magnetometry.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Robust exceptional point of arbitrary order in coupled spinning cylinders
Creators: name: Shi, Hongkang
name: Yang, Zheng
name: Zhang, Chengzhi
name: Cheng, Yuqiong
name: Chen, Yuntian
name: Wang, Shubo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exceptional points (EPs), i.e., non-Hermitian degeneracies at which eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, can be realized by tuning the gain/loss contrast of different modes in non-Hermitian systems or by engineering the asymmetric coupling of modes. Here we demonstrate a mechanism that can achieve EPs of arbitrary order by employing the non-reciprocal coupling of spinning cylinders sitting on a dielectric waveguide. The spinning motion breaks the time-reversal symmetry and removes the degeneracy of opposite chiral modes of the cylinders. Under the excitation of a linearly polarized plane wave, the chiral mode of one cylinder can unidirectionally couple to the same mode of the other cylinder via the spin-orbit interaction associated with the evanescent wave of the waveguide. The structure can give rise to arbitrary-order EPs that are robust against spin-flipping perturbations, in contrast to conventional systems relying on spin-selective excitations. In addition, we show that higher-order EPs in the proposed system are accompanied by enhanced optical isolation, which may find applications in designing novel optical isolators, nonreciprocal optical devices, and topological photonics.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Detailed Analysis of Thin Film Module Performance Based on Indoor and Outdoor Tests
Creators: name: Friesen, G.
name: Marzoli, M.
name: Pravettoni, M.
name: Pavanello, D.
name: Serrano, F.
name: Strepparava, D.
name: Meoli, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3027-3032
description: A new measurement campaign which focuses only on thin film module performance was started at SUPSI
at the beginning of 2011. A selection of 11 different thin film module technologies (a-Si, a-Si/a-Si, a-Si/μc-Si, CdTe,
CIS, CIGS, CIGSS) have been exposed outdoors together with some crystalline silicon modules. This paper presents
some results about the initial degradation of thin film modules, the stability of the efficiency curves (G) and maximum
power temperature coefficient  over time, the kWh/Wp inter-comparison with the modeling of the thin film module
performance respect to the crystalline silicon module, and the accuracy achieved by the introduction of average photon
energy (APE) for the description of spectral effects. The approach to extracting APE dependencies from outdoor data, as
well as some of the main open issues to the further improvement of the energy prediction accuracy of thin film modules,
are presented.
Coronavirus: A challenge that influenced nearly all fields of science
Creators: name: Kadam, Aditya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110899 Medical Microbiology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110803 Medical Parasitology
subject: 110804 Medical Virology
subject: 119999 Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: While the world was busy in fighting over toilet papers, scrolling the memes down the social media, binge watching TV all day long and getting beaten up by police for getting outdoors, there were some people in white coats out there who were working for day and night in the laboratories all around the globe. It was first used in print in the year 1968 by an informal group of virologists in the journal Nature to designate a new family of viruses. The name refers to the characteristic appearance of virions (which is the infective form of the virus) by electron microscopy, which have a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections which make the structure of virus resemble the structure of solar corona or halo. This morphology in coronavirus is created by the viral spike peplomers, which are proteins on the surface of the virus. Out of the wide range of coronaviruses the one causing COVID-19 in humans and which also is the biggest challenge for science is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 or better said SARS-CoV-2. We are unaware of the reason, but the spikes on the surface of coronavirus are just the right shape to lock onto these ACE2 enzymes and bind tightly. Scientists of many fields have jumped in the race to defeat the coronavirus. But what is the use of this in the fight against coronavirus? The whole world is in the midst of a COVID-19 pandemic. When a safe and effective vaccine is found, COVAX have decided to facilitate the equitable access and distribution of these vaccines to protect people in all countries.
Chaotic Advection and the Emergence of Tori in the Küppers-Lortz State
Creators: name: Mullowney, Paul
name: Julien, Keith
name: Meiss, James D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the roll-switching behavior observed in rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection, we define a Küppers-Lortz (K-L) state as a volume-preserving flow with periodic roll switching. For an individual roll state, the Lagrangian particle trajectories are periodic. In a system with roll-switching, the particles can exhibit three-dimensional, chaotic motion. We study a simple phenomenological map that models the Lagrangian dynamics in a K-L state. When the roll axes differ by $120^{\circ}$ in the plane of rotation, we show that the phase space is dominated by invariant tori if the ratio of switching time to roll turnover time is small. When this parameter approaches zero these tori limit onto the classical hexagonal convection patterns, and, as it gets large, the dynamics becomes fully chaotic and well-mixed. For intermediate values, there are interlinked toroidal and poloidal structures separated by chaotic regions. We also compute the exit time distributions and show that the unbounded chaotic orbits are normally diffusive. Although the map presumes instantaneous switching between roll states, we show that the qualitative features of the flow persist when the model has smooth, overlapping time-dependence for the roll amplitudes (the Busse-Heikes model).
description: laTeX, 23 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 20 of Disentangling the mechanisms shaping the surface ocean microbiota
Creators: name: Logares, Ramiro
name: Deutschmann, Ina M.
name: Junger, Pedro C.
name: Giner, Caterina R.
name: Krabberød, Anders K.
name: Schmidt, Thomas S. B.
name: Rubinat-Ripoll, Laura
name: Mestre, Mireia
name: Salazar, Guillem
name: Ruiz-González, Clara
name: Sebastián, Marta
name: de Vargas, Colomban
name: Acinas, Silvia G.
name: Duarte, Carlos M.
name: Gasol, Josep M.
name: Massana, Ramon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 20: Figure S11. Same as Figure S10, Additional file 19 but using OTUs-ASVs. Solid and open squares indicate significant and nonsignificant (using p=0.05) correlations respectively between environmental similarity (in terms of temperature and fluorescence) and phylogenetic relatedness. Correlations that are significantly positive indicate that the phylogenetic distance between OTUs-ASVs increases as environmental similarity decreases for the phylogenetic range being analysed. Phylogenetic distances were measured as abundance-weighted β-Mean Nearest Taxon Distances (βMNTD).
EIGHTY-SEVEN
Creators: name: Polek, Nicolette
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Creative writing

description: EIGHTY-SEVEN is a collection of stories that captures desire through compression and brevity. It draws the curtains on small windows that look into enormous, shifting houses. Characters are caught in moments where they are stuck. EIGHTY-SEVEN is about willfulness and escapes.
Thermalization of a Trapped Single Atom with an Atomic Thermal Bath
Creators: name: Sawant, Rahul
name: Maffei, Anna
name: Barontini, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied a single atom trapped in an optical tweezer interacting with a thermal bath of ultracold atoms of a different species. Because of the collisions between the trapped atom and the bath atoms, the trapped atom undergoes changes in its vibrational states occupation to reach thermal equilibrium with the bath. By using Monte Carlo simulations, we characterized the single atom's thermalization process, and we studied how this can be used for cooling. Our simulations demonstrate that, within known experimental limitations, it is feasible to cool a trapped single atom with a thermal bath.
Additional file 3 of Disentangling the mechanisms shaping the surface ocean microbiota
Creators: name: Logares, Ramiro
name: Deutschmann, Ina M.
name: Junger, Pedro C.
name: Giner, Caterina R.
name: Krabberød, Anders K.
name: Schmidt, Thomas S. B.
name: Rubinat-Ripoll, Laura
name: Mestre, Mireia
name: Salazar, Guillem
name: Ruiz-González, Clara
name: Sebastián, Marta
name: de Vargas, Colomban
name: Acinas, Silvia G.
name: Duarte, Carlos M.
name: Gasol, Josep M.
name: Massana, Ramon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Regionally abundant or rare prokaryotic and picoeukaryotic OTUs-99% from the Malaspina dataset.
An image processing analysis of skin textures
Creators: name: Sparavigna, A.
name: Marazzato, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Colour and coarseness of skin are visually different. When image processing is involved in the skin analysis, it is important to quantitatively evaluate such differences using texture features. In this paper, we discuss a texture analysis and measurements based on a statistical approach to the pattern recognition. Grain size and anisotropy are evaluated with proper diagrams. The possibility to determine the presence of pattern defects is also discussed.
Charge, strangeness and radius of strangelets
Creators: name: Wen, X. J.
name: Peng, G. X.
name: Chen, Y. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate, at both zero and finite temperature, the properties of strangelets versus the electric charge Z and strangeness S. The strangelet radius is not a monotonic function of either charge or strangeness, and a minimum is reached in the (Z, S) plane. However, the thermodynamically stable strangelets do not correspond to the radius minimum. The minimum radius always appears at positive strangeness, while the stable radius may appear at negative strangeness for very small baryon numbers. For large baryon numbers, the stable radius is proportional to the cubic root of baryon numbers, but inversely proportional to the square root of the confinement parameter in the present model. If bulk strange quark matter is absolutely stable, the reduced size of strangelets is about 1 fm, which may be relevant for the analysis of the strangelet production and detection.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
The Development and Validation of the Costs of United States Corporate Capitalism Scale
Creators: name: Sharma, Rajni
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Counseling psychology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social psychology
subject: attributions
subject: belief in a just world
subject: capitalism
subject: economic system
subject: social dominance orientation
subject: social inequality

description: Within the field of counseling psychology, which promotes values of social justice, the discussion of United States corporate capitalism (USCC) is limited. I provide evidence for the development and validation of the Costs of USCC Scale (CCC), a 24-item, self-report measure assessing the degree to which an individual attributes the cause of social problems in the U.S. to be structural (i.e. USCC) or individualistic (i.e. individual failure regarding work ethic, lack of motivation, effort, or ability). 1,010 individuals completed the CCC scale through an online survey distributed through MTurk. A three-factor structure emerged: a) USCC as Structural Cause of Costs, b) Individual Failure as Cause of Costs, c) Disagreement with Temporary Solutions to Costs. The CCC has acceptable criterion and discriminant validity, and reliability estimates for the full scale. Findings from this project may help inform future research on attitudes regarding USCC and their relationship with economic policy change.
Investigation into the Influence of Process Parameters on the Passivation on Commercial Grade Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Eadie, M.
name: Hallam, B.
name: Kunz, O.
name: Wenham, S.R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1574-1578
description: The influence of the wafer pre-cleaning process and deposition conditions on the passivation quality of
commercial grade Czochralski (CZ) silicon solar cells is investigated. It has been shown that recently developed UNSW
passivation methods are compatible to permit the use of less stringent, low cost and therefore industry relevant processing
procedures. Alternative cleaning methods (e.g. Piranha clean, HF/HCl mixture) to the traditionally favoured full RCA
clean are introduced and do not appear to degrade the performance of the implied voltages after a two-stage temperature
treatment. Along with the cleaning step, the effect of the base pressure in the PECVD chamber prior to the dielectric
layer deposition on the passivation quality is investigated and shown not to detrimentally impact the passivation quality
over the range of pressures investigated. Finally, the optimised combination of the Piranha clean and optimised pump
down pressure is compared to the traditional processing procedures; highlighting negligible degradation in the quality of
passivation, faster processing times, reduced number of cleaning steps, and lack of temperature requirements during
cleaning. These are all important factors that the solar industry are looking for to simplify the fabrication process whilst
maintaining high solar cell efficiencies.
Entanglement generation for uniformly accelerated atoms assisted by environment-induced interatomic interaction and the loss of the anti-Unruh effect
Creators: name: Chen, Ying
name: Hu, Jiawei
name: Yu, Hongwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of the environment-induced interatomic interaction, which is usually neglected, on the entanglement dynamics of two uniformly accelerated atoms coupled with fluctuating massless scalar fields in the Minkowski vacuum. When the two-atom system is initially prepared in a separable state such that the two atoms are in the ground and excited states respectively, the environment-induced interatomic interaction assists entanglement generation, in the sense that the parameter space of acceleration and interatomic separation that allows entanglement generation is enlarged, the rate of entanglement generation at the initial time is enhanced, and the maximum of concurrence generated during evolution is increased compared with when the environment-induced interaction is neglected. Remarkably, the rate of entanglement generation at the initial time and the maximal concurrence generated during evolution decrease monotonically with the acceleration, in contrast to that they exhibit a nonmonotonic behavior as the acceleration varies when the environment-induced interatomic interaction is neglected. In other words, the anti-Unruh phenomenon in terms of the entanglement generation is deprived of by the consideration of the environment-induced interatomic interaction.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, published version
Low Cost PECVD of Anti-Reflection Coatings on Module Glass
Creators: name: Van Wezep, D.A.
name: Van Der Velden, M.H.L.
name: Borsa, D.M.
name: Bosch, R.C.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3424-3428
description: Current output power loss from solar cells to modules is to a large extent due to reflection losses of
light from the cover-glass of the PV modules. This issue can be addressed by improving the transmission through
deposition of Anti Reflection Coatings (ARCs) with a refractive index between that of air and glass, e.g. with porous
SiO2. Due to this porosity such ARCs usually have a relatively open surface and attract water and dirt in outdoor
conditions, with detrimental effects on the module performance as a result of subsequent transmission loss. In the
present work this difficulty has been addressed by adding a thin capping layer of dense SiO2 on top of the porous
SiO2 layer. Deposition of porous SiO2 is achieved by fast PECVD at room temperature using expanding thermal
plasma technique (300 nm*m/min); the dense capping layer similarly but at elevated temperature (> 300 ˚C).
Transmission measurements of the deposited stacks were performed in conjunction with model calculations. The
optimal stack gave rise to a 6% transmission increase for a double-sided coated soda-lime glass in comparison to the
untreated material, integrated over the AM 1.5 solar spectrum between 300 – 1200 nm. These results are in close
agreement with the predictions from the model calculations. A specific stack of porous and dense SiO2 was applied to
a set of mini-modules and shown to exhibit a near 2% gain in Isc and output power Pmp in comparison to an untreated
set of mini-modules.
CHORVACHILIK SOHASIDA KICHIK BIZNESNI TASHKIL ETISHNING IQTISODIY – IJTIMOIY MOHIYATI VA O'ZIGA XOS JIHATLARI
Creators: name: Sattorqulov, Obidqul
name: Eshqulova, Hilola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mamlakatda oziq – ovqat xavfsizligi haqida so‘z borganida chorvachilik tarmog‘i va uning ahamiyatini chetlab o‘tish imkonsizdir. Sababi insonlar iste’mol ratsioni tarkigiga kiruvchi asosiy mahsulotlar aynan mana shu tarmoqda yetishtiriladi. Va bunda yirik ishlab chiqaruvchilarga nisbatan mayda tovar ishlab chiqaruvchi korxonalar va uy xo‘jaliklarining ulushi ancha yuqoridir. Shu sababdan chorvachilikda kichik biznesni samarali tashkil etish ham iste’molchilar uchun ham ishlab chiqaruvchilar uchun muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.
New, Non-Pyrophoric Aluminium Precursor for the ALD of Al2O3: Influence of Purity Grade (Fe Content) on Silicon Surface Passivation
Creators: name: Potts, S.E.
name: Lachaud, C.
name: Lahootun, V.
name: Hong, J.
name: Madec, A.
name: Kessels, W.M.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1128-1132
description: We present here the use of dimethylaluminium isopropoxide (DMAI) as the Al precursor to test the significance of
precursor purity on Al2O3 passivation layers. High-purity DMAI was compared with Fe-spiked batches (5 and 500
ppm). 30 nm Al2O3 was deposited onto n- and p-type crystalline silicon (c-Si) floatzone wafers using plasmaenhanced
and thermal ALD at 200 °C. Effective carrier lifetimes were measured for as-deposited films, after
annealing, and after high temperature annealing designed to mimic the contact “firing” process. The lifetimes
afforded by Al2O3 deposited by plasma-enhanced ALD were more affected than those by thermal ALD, particularly
at high Fe concentrations. Firing also affected the plasma-enhanced ALD films more compared with thermal ALD.
The highest lifetimes (~1 ms) were obtained with the plasma-enhanced ALD films after annealing, whereas good
lifetimes (100 μs) were afforded by the thermal ALD films already in the as-deposited state, compared with the very
low lifetimes of the as-deposited plasma-enhanced ALD films. In general, n-type c-Si wafers were more sensitive to
the Fe in the passivation layers than p-type. For thermal ALD, Fe-related lifetime degradation was only noticeable
after firing, whereas for plasma-enhanced ALD, the degradation was observed after annealing.
Hamilton form of Maxwell equations and its generalized solutions
Creators: name: Alexeyeva, Lyudmila A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 83C22

description: The complex form of Maxwell equations has been constructed as one equation for 3-dimensional complex A-vector. The real and imaginary parts of this vector are described with use of electric and magnetic tensions accordingly. With using a theory of generalized functions for new equations, the strong shock electro-magnetic waves with the gap of tensions on fronts are considered. The conditions on wave fronts have been received. It's shown that gap of the tensions is tangent to the front of a wave, i.e. shock electromagnetic waves are transverse and charges on the front of wave are absent. Generalized laws of conservation of energy and charges have been received including ones on the fronts of shock waves. The generalized solutions of this equations and solution of Caushy problem have been constructed and the theorems of their uniqueness have been proved including the shock waves.
description: 11 pages, in Russian
Perception, Space, Movement: Illusionistic Ceilings in Seventeenth-Century Rome
Creators: name: Newman, Vianna
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Art history

description: The seventeenth century marked the emergence in Italy of a novel type of painted illusion: quadratura. Its practitioners created a new genre of art, with ceilings as its domain, which relied upon linear perspective and the real setting of the illusion to produce a sense of wonder in beholders and to persuade them of a rhetorical message. This thesis focuses on three illusionistic ceilings: the Apotheosis of Saint Clement, the Allegory of Divine Providence, and the Glorification of Saint Ignatius. In treating these works as varied manifestations of the same artistic and cultural milieu, this investigation produces a model, or foundational set of tools, with which to analyze the creation and reception of illusionistic ceilings of seventeenth-century Rome.
Optical trapping of nanoparticles in superfluid helium
Creators: name: Minowa, Yosuke
name: Geng, Xi
name: Kokado, Keisuke
name: Sato, Kentaro
name: Kameyama, Tatsuya
name: Torimoto, Tsukasa
name: Ashida, Masaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical tweezers, the three-dimensional confinement of a nanoparticle by a strongly focused beam of light, have been widely employed in investigating biomaterial nanomechanics, nanoscopic fluid properties, and ultrasensitive detections in various environments such as inside living cells, at gigapascal pressure, and under high vacuum. However, the cryogenic operation of solid-state-particle optical tweezers is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate the optical trapping of metallic and dielectric nanoparticles in superfluid helium below 2 K, which is two orders of magnitude lower than in the previous experiments. We prepare the nanoparticles via in-situ laser ablation. The nanoparticles are stably trapped with a single laser beam tightly focused in the superfluid helium. Our method provides a new approach for studying nanoscopic quantum hydrodynamic effects and interactions between quantum fluids and classical objects.
Low Recombination n+ Regions Created by n+ c-Si Epitaxial Layers and Laser Processing of Phosphorus-Doped SiCx Films
Creators: name: Martín, I.
name: Colina Brito, M.
name: Orpella, A.
name: Voz Sánchez, C.
name: De Vecchi, S.
name: Desrues, T.
name: Abolmasov, S.
name: Roca I Cabarrocas, P.
name: Alcubilla González, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1519-1523
description: Solar cells with locally contacted rear surface exhibit a trade off between surface passivation and ohmic
losses. In order to reduce the penalty in Fill Factor (FF) when long distances between contacts are used, we explore the
use of a low temperature epitaxially grown n+ c-Si layer at the rear surface of n-type c-Si solar cells. Additionally, the
passivation and contact formation are also developed at low temperature using phosphorus-doped silicon carbide films
(SiCx) and laser processing. Firstly, we obtain an effective surface recombination velocity (Seff) on 3.5 Ω cm n-type c-Si
surface as low as 3 cm/s for SiCx films deposited at 225 ºC. Next, we determine laser parameters that yield good quality
n++ regions ready to be contacted. These regions exhibit a surface recombination velocity of 1500 cm/s that results in a
final Seff value well below 100 cm/s even for short pitches. Regarding the epitaxial silicon layer (epi-Si), an electrically
active donor density of 1.2x1020 cm-3 is determined. The combination of the epi-Si layer with the SiCx film leads to Seff of
~300 cm/s. This relatively high Seff value can be attributed to the high donor density that increases bulk recombination
within the epi-Si layer. Finally, we compare c-Si heterojunction solar cells with and without the epi-Si layer. The
introduction of an epi-Si layer improves FF from 72.5 % to 77.3 % with the same distance between contacts. However,
open-circuit voltage significantly decreases due to a higher rear surface recombination velocity.
The Assembly of Supermassive Black Holes at High Redshifts
Creators: name: Tanaka, Takamitsu
name: Haiman, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supermassive black holes (SMBHs) massive enough to power the bright redshift ~6 quasars observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) are thought to have assembled by mergers and/or gas accretion from less massive "seed" BHs. If the seeds are the ~100 Msol remnant BHs from the first generation of stars, they must be in place well before redshift z=6, and must avoid being ejected from their parent proto-galaxies by the large (few hundred km/s) kicks they suffer from gravitational-radiation induced recoil during mergers with other BHs. We simulate the SMBH mass function at redshift z=6 using dark matter (DM) halo merger trees, coupled with a prescription for the halo occupation fraction, accretion histories, and radial recoil trajectories of the growing BHs. Our purpose is (i) to map out plausible scenarios for successful assembly of the z~6 quasar BHs by exploring a wide region of parameter space, and (ii) to predict the rate of low-frequency gravitational wave events detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) for each such scenario. Our main findings are as follows: (1) ~100 Msol seed BHs can grow into the SDSS quasar BHs without super--Eddington accretion, but only if they form in minihalos by z~30 and subsequently accrete ~60% of the time; (2) the scenarios with optimistic assumptions required to explain the SDSS quasar BHs overproduce the mass density in lower--mass (10^5 to 10^7 Msol) SMBHs by a factor of 100-1000, unless seeds stop forming, or accrete at a severely diminished rates or duty cycles (e.g. due to feedback), at z < 20-30. We also present several successful assembly models and their LISA detection rates, including a "maximal" model that gives the highest rate (~30/yr at z~6) without overproducing the total SMBH density.
description: 60 preprint pages with 15 figures, ApJ accepted version
Additional file 1 of Targeted deletion of Ruvbl1 results in severe defects of epidermal development and perinatal mortality
Creators: name: Dafinger, Claudia
name: Benzing, Thomas
name: Dötsch, Jörg
name: Schermer, Bernhard
name: Liebau, Max C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure 1.. HE and Ruvbl1 immunohistochemistry staining of heterozygous mice: Ruvbl1fl/wtK14:Cretg mice show remaining expression of Ruvbl1 in immunohistochemistry staining.
Accumulation Versus Inversion Layer Passivation on +19% Screenprinted Industrial Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Duerinckx, F.
name: Moors, M.
name: Caremans, T.
name: Baert, K.
name: Cacciato, A.
name: Leys, G.
name: Mrcarica, M.
name: Picard, E.
name: Szlufcik, J.
name: Prajapati, V.
name: Choulat, P.
name: Uruena, A.
name: Horzel, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1630-1633
description: This paper describes the progress in transferring a PERC type cell structure based on Al2O3/SiNx or
SiO2/Al2O3/SiNx passivation into an industrial environment. Al2O3-layers deposited in an industrial type spatial ALD
system are characterized using C-V, ellipsometry and lifetime measurements. A negative charge density above 1012
cm-2 was measured for a 6 nm thick layer. The Al2O3-layers are successfully incorporated in a PERC process
sequence for monocrystalline Cz-Si solar cells. This process is based on a production type homogeneous POCl3-
diffused emitter, rear surface polishing and screenprinted contacts. Average efficiencies above 19% have been
obtained with a thin dielectric stack of Al2O3 and SiNx relying on accumulation layer passivation on the rear surface.
A thin thermally grown oxide further improves the Voc due to a lower emitter dark saturation current density. On the
rear surface this thin oxide, with Al2O3 and SiNx on top, results in inversion layer passivation. Care is taken to avoid
inversion layer shunting by improving the Back Surface Field around the local contacts using the Extended Laser
Ablation (ELA) process. This resulted in an average efficiency of 19.46% for a batch of 140 Cz-Si cells with a top
efficiency of 19.7%.
On the Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics of Space and the Notion of Luminiferous Medium
Creators: name: Christov, C. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that, when linearized, the governing equations of an incompressible elastic continuum yield Maxwell's equations as corollaries. Through judicious distinction between the referential and local descriptions, the principle of material invariance is established and shown to be a true covariance principle, unlike the Lorentz covariance, which is valid only for non-deforming frames in rectilinear relative motion. Thus, this paper establishes that electrodynamics can be fully explained if one assumes that it is the manifestation of the internal forces of an underlying elastic material which we term the metacontinuum. The new frame-indifferent formulation of electrodynamics is shown to incorporate the Lorentz force as an integral part of Faraday's law, rather than as an additional empirical variable. Respectively, if the upper-convected derivative is added in Maxwell's displacement current it can explain Biot-Savart's and Oersted-Ampere's laws. An immediate corollary of the material invariance is the Galilean invariance of the model. The possible detection of the absolute continuum is also discussed. First, the famous experiment of Ives and Stilwell is reexamined with a modified Bohr-Rydberg formula for the emitted frequencies from a moving atom, and it is shown that the results are fully compatible with the presence of an absolute medium. Second, a new interferometry experiment is proposed in which the first-order Doppler effect can be measured, and thus the presence of a medium at rest can be unequivocally established.
Active tail flexion in concert with passive hydrodynamic forces improves swimming speed and efficiency
Creators: name: Hang, Haotian
name: Heydari, Sina
name: Costello, John H.
name: Kanso, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fish typically swim by periodic bending of their bodies. Bending seems to follow a universal rule; it occurs at about one-third from the posterior end of the fish body with a maximum bending angle of about $30^o$. However, the hydrodynamic mechanisms that shaped this convergent design and its potential benefit to fish in terms of swimming speed and efficiency are not well understood. It is also unclear to what extent this bending is active or follows passively from the interaction of a flexible posterior with the fluid environment. Here, we use a self-propelled two-link model, with fluid-structure interactions described in the context of the vortex sheet method, to analyze the effects of both active and passive body bending on the swimming performance. We find that passive bending is more efficient but could reduce swimming speed compared to rigid flapping, but the addition of active bending could enhance both speed and efficiency. Importantly, we find that the phase difference between the posterior and anterior sections of the body is an important kinematic factor that influences performance, and that active antiphase flexion, consistent with the passive flexion phase, can simultaneously enhance speed and efficiency in a region of the design space that overlaps with biological observations. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that fish that actively bend their bodies in a fashion that exploits passive hydrodynamics can at once improve speed and efficiency.