Crocidura caudipilosa Esselstyn 2019
Creators: name: Esselstyn, Jacob A.
name: Achmadi, Anang S.
name: Handika, Heru
name: Swanson, Mark T.
name: Giarla, Thomas C.
name: Rowe, Kevin C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Soricomorpha
Soricidae
Crocidura
Crocidura caudipilosa

description: <i>Crocidura caudipilosa</i> Esselstyn et al., 2019 <i>Crocidura caudipilosa</i> Esselstyn et al., 2019: 1718. Original description. HOLOTYPE: MZB 41456 (= LSUMZ 36945), an adult male collected 8 March 2013 by J.L. Patton. The skin, skull, skeleton, and a tissue are held at MZB, while an additional frozen tissue is curated at LSUMZ. External measurements and weight recorded from the holotype are 182 mm × 98 mm × 19 mm × 9 mm = 12 g. TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sulawesi Tengah, Toli Toli, Malangga Selatan, Mt. Dako; 1.10642° N, 120.9106° E, 512 m elevation. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Widespread on Sulawesi across most areas of endemism, with records from the west-central (Mts. Rorekatimbo and Torompupu, Central Sulawesi Province; Mt. Gandang Dewata, West Sulawesi Province; Mt. Latimojong, South Sulawesi Province), north- west (Mt. Dako, Central Sulawesi Province; Mt. Buliohuto, Gorontalo Province), north-east (Mt. Ambang, North Sulawesi Province), south-west (Mt. Bawakaraeng, South Sulawesi Province), east-central (Mt. Katopasa, Central Sulawesi Province), and south-east (Mt. Mekongga, Southeast Sulawesi Province) areas of endemism. The lack of records from the north-central area of endemism is almost certainly due to the lack of collecting effort in this region. Occurs over a wide elevational range from approximately 500 m on Mt. Buliohuto to at least 2600 m on Mt. Gandang Dewata (fig. 13; table 3). ABBREVIATED DIAGNOSIS: Esselstyn et al. (2019) made detailed comparisons to other Sulawesi species found on Mt. Dako, of the north-west area of endemism. Briefly, <i>Crocidura caudipilosa</i> is a slender grayish to brownish shrew with a hairy tail (fig. 14A) that is moderately longer than the head and body (table 2). The feet are brown in dorsal view, with paler digits. The skull is gracile, with rounded features and a weakly developed dentition (fig. 15). Summary statistics for measurements of material we refer to this species are provided in tables 2 and 5. COMPARISONS: This species is readily distinguished from all other <i>Crocidura</i> on Sulawesi by the density (combined number and length) of applied hairs on the tail (short hairs that lie close to the tail, not the longer bristles that typically project away from the tail on many species of <i>Crocidura</i>), but it is also distinguishable by various combinations of its body size, tail length relative to head-and-body length (fig. 9), gray to brown pelage, slight bicoloration (darker dorsum, paler venter), slender skull, and relatively small teeth. Its tail is shorter relative to headand-body length than in any of the Elongata Subgroup members, but longer (absolutely and relatively) than in any other congeneric species on Sulawesi (fig. 9). Body size is considerably smaller than in <i>C. elongata</i> and <i>C. quasielongata</i>, but only slightly smaller than in <i>C. microelongata</i> (fig. 9). The skull and hind feet are not particu- larly elongate, as they are in members of the Elongata Subgroup. The ratio of braincase breadth to interorbital width is greater, on aver- age, than in any other shrew species on Sulawesi, and considerably so compared to any of the Elongata Subgroup members (fig. 10). COMMENTS: Individuals of <i>Crocidura caudipi-</i> <i>losa</i> have been caught (NMV Z56802) and observed (NMV Z62413) climbing trees (Essel- styn et al., 2019). The extent of time this species spends in trees is unknown, but the possibility that some shrews on Sulawesi exploit arboreal resources is a potentially promising explanation for how so many species coexist on the island. Musser (1982: 81) reported collecting an unde- scribed species of <i>Crocidura</i> “in moss growing 8 feet above ground around a tree trunk.” How- ever, he never described this species, and it is unclear whether he was referencing a member of the Long-Tailed Group or some other species <i>Crocidura caudipilosa</i> is unusually widespread across Sulawesi, but Jukes-Cantor distances calcu- lated from mtDNA sequences were &lt;0.024 (fig. 4; supplementary data S3), suggesting recent, wide- spread movement of at least maternally inherited markers. Nuclear loci sampled from across the island show the same pattern, with variation detected at only five of 549 nucleotides among 56 sequences of apolipoprotein b, for instance. This species is sister to <i>Crocidura levicula</i> in our UCE- (figs. 7, 8) and nuclear exon-based phylogenies, although statistical support from the latter estimate was absent (supplementary data S6). Our mitochondrial estimates placed <i>C.</i> caudipilosa in an unresolved clade of several small, darkly colored species of shrew, among which <i>C. levicula</i> is included (figs. 4, 5). This clade, which was well supported by our UCE analyses, contained no other member species of the Long-Tailed Group (figs. 7, 8). SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mt. Ambang (LSUMZ 39243–39247), Mt. Bawakaraeng (MVZ 237625– 237627; NMV Z57152, Z57013, Z57043, Z57044), Mt. Buliohuto (LSUMZ 38288–38291, 38296, 38588, 38656; NMV C37746, C37815), Mt. Dako (LSUMZ 36940, 36942, 36945; NMV C37267, C37304, C37305, C37330, C37351), Mt Gandang Dewata (FMNH 218759–218762, 218768, 218983– 218986; MZB 34746, 34747, 34951, 34952), Mt. Katopasa (LSUMZ 39355–39357; MZB 39840, 39871, 39922; NMV C40186, C40219, C40220, Z61815, Z62413, Z62415), Mt. Latimojong (FMNH 213020–213028, 213427; MVZ 237612– 237615; MZB 41649; NMV C38591), Mt. Mekongga (MWFB 8158, 13512), Mt. Rorekatimbo (FMNH 213246–213248, 213441), Mt. Torom- pupu (LSUMZ 39358, 39359).
description: Published as part of <i>Esselstyn, Jacob A., Achmadi, Anang S., Handika, Heru, Swanson, Mark T., Giarla, Thomas C. &amp; Rowe, Kevin C., 2021, Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation, pp. 1-109 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (454)</i> on pages 21-23, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.454.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5788835
description: {"references": ["Esselstyn, J. A., A. S. Achmadi, H. Handika, T. C. Giarla, and K. C. Rowe. 2019. A new climbing shrew from Sulawesi highlights the tangled taxonomy of an endemic radiation. Journal of Mammalogy 100: 1713 - 1725.", "Musser, G. G. 1982. Results of the Archbold expeditions. No. 110. Crunomys and the small-bodied shrew rats native to the Philippine islands and Sulawesi (Celebes). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 174 (1): 1 - 95."]}