cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF HIKING: FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF OPPORTUNITY COST OF TIME IN RECREATIONAL DEMAND MODELS
Creators: name: Casey, James F.
name: Vukina, Tomislav
name: Danielson, Leon E.
name: Casey, James F.
name: Vukina, Tomislav
name: Danielson, Leon E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Recreation demand
subject: Travel cost model
subject: Value of time

description: The paper tests two alternative specifications for the opportunity cost of time in travel cost models. The standard travel cost survey design is enriched to include a contingent valuation type question about peoples' willingness to accept compensation to forgo a precisely defined recreational experience. It is hypothesized that individually revealed value of time more appropriately reflects the opportunity costs of time associated with a particular aspect of recreation than the wage rate which measures the trade-off between work and leisure generally. The results seem to indicate a better overall fit for the models with the elicited value of individual consumer's time than for the models with the more traditional hourly earnings (wage rates). The importance of the corrected measurement of the opportunity cost time is illustrated by showing that estimated consumer surpluses based on two different value of time measurements differ significantly.
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE AND PERFORMANCE OF FOOD AND BEVERAGES MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN ENUGU STATE.
Creators: name: Ugwu, Felix, Ikechukwu Ph.D.
name: Dieke, Christopher, Chukwuemeka
Publisher: name: TOP Journal
Year: 2024
Subjects: Enterprise, Resource, Management, Practice, Performance, Food, Beverages, Manufacturing, firms.

description: The study evaluated the enterprise resource management practice and performance of food and beverages manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The specific objectives were to; examine the relationship between corporate performance and waste reduction, evaluate the relationship between customer service and output of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The area of the study was the SMEs in Enugu State. The study used the descriptive survey design approach. The primary source of data was the administration of questionnaire.  A total population of 1232 selected staff of the study organisations. The adequate sample size of two hundred and ninety-three (293) using Freund and William's statistic formula at 5 percent margin of error. Two hundred and fifty-seven (233) staff returned the questionnaire and accurately filled. The hypotheses were analyzed using Pearson correlation(r) test statistic tool. The findings indicated Corporate performance had significant positive relationship with waste reduction of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State r(95, n=.233), .593 < .892, p>.05). Customer service had significant positive relationship with output of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State, r(95, n=.233), .495 < .793, p>.05).  The study concluded that corporate performance and customer service had significant positive relationship with waste reduction and output of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Enugu State. The study recommended among others the management of food and beverage manufacturing firms should endeavour to maintain corporate performance to ensure that strategic priorities are executed and the key drivers of the business maintained to produce accurate and consistent financial information.
Comparing the immune abnormalities in MIS-C to healthy children and those with inflammatory disease reveals distinct inflammatory cytokine production and a monofunctional T cell response.
Creators: name: Butters, Claire
name: Benede, Ntombi
name: Moyo-Gwete, Thandeka
name: Richardson, Simone I
name: Rohlwink, Ursula
name: Shey, Muki
name: Ayres, Frances
name: Manamela, Nelia P
name: Makhado, Zanele
name: Balla, Sashkia R
name: Madzivhandila, Mashudu
name: Ngomti, Amkele
name: Baguma, Richard
name: Facey-Thomas, Heidi
name: Spracklen, Timothy F
name: Day, Jonathan
name: van der Ross, Hamza
name: Riou, Catherine
name: Burgers, Wendy A
name: Scott, Christiaan
name: Zühlke, Liesl
name: Moore, Penny L
name: Keeton, Roanne S
name: Webb, Kate
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: Infectious Disease
subject: Infectious Disease

description: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe, hyperinflammatory disease that occurs after exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The underlying immune pathology of MIS-C is incompletely understood, with limited data comparing MIS-C to clinically similar paediatric febrile diseases at presentation. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses have not been compared in these groups to assess whether there is a T cell profile unique to MIS-C. In this study, we measured inflammatory cytokine concentration and SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity and T cell responses in children with fever and suspected MIS-C at presentation (n = 83) where MIS-C was ultimately confirmed (n = 58) or another diagnosis was made (n = 25) and healthy children (n = 91). Children with confirmed MIS-C exhibited distinctly elevated serum IL-10, IL-6, and CRP at presentation. No differences were detected in SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG serum concentration, neutralisation capacity, antibody dependant cellular phagocytosis, antibody dependant cellular cytotoxicity or SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell frequency between the groups. Healthy SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children had a higher proportion of polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells compared to children with MIS-C and those with other inflammatory or infectious diagnoses, who both presented a largely monofunctional SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell profile. Treatment with steroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulins resulted in rapid reduction of inflammatory cytokines but did not affect the SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG or CD4+ T cell responses in MIS-C. In these data, MIS-C had a unique cytokine profile but not a unique SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral or T cell cytokine response.
TARJIMADA USLUB MASALASI
Creators: name: Yusupov, Adham
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mazkur maqolada arab  tilidagi ijtimoiy-siyosiy matnlarni o‘zbek tiliga tarjima qilishning leksik, grammatik,  sintaktik xususiyatlarini ochib berish va arab tilidagi ijtimoiy-siyosiy matnlarni  o‘zbek tiliga uslubiy jihatdan tarjima qilishdagi mavjud muammolarni tahlil qilindi.
STRUCTURAL SHIFTS IN THE TREATMENT OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL AID: THE CASE OF RURAL ROADS
Creators: name: Deller, Steven C.
name: Walzer, Norman
name: Deller, Steven C.
name: Walzer, Norman
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: Intergovernmental aid
subject: Simulative and substitutive effects
subject: Transitory and permanent effects
subject: Rural roads

description: The effects of structural shifts in the treatment of intergovernmental aid during the 1980s are tested using a sample of 1,929 rural counties with local road responsibilities. A dynamic model is used to test the hypothesis that local public officials treated intergovernmental aid differently after the Reagan/Bush policy of Fiscal Federalism was implemented. Empirical findings from the dynamic model are that federal aid was much more simulative at the end of the decade than in earlier years but the effects of state aid remained the same throughout the 1980s. These differences are attributed to a perception that federal aid is less certain and more transitory than permanent.
Quantum control with a multi-dimensional Gaussian quantum invariant
Creators: name: Simsek, Selwyn
name: Mintert, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The framework of quantum invariants is an elegant generalization of adiabatic quantum control to control fields that do not need to change slowly. Due to the unavailability of invariants for systems with more than one spatial dimension, the benefits of this framework have not yet been exploited in multi-dimensional systems. We construct a multi-dimensional Gaussian quantum invariant that permits the design of time-dependent potentials that let the ground state of an initial potential evolve towards the ground state of a final potential. The scope of this framework is demonstrated with the task of shuttling an ion around a corner which is a paradigmatic control problem in achieving scalability of trapped ion quantum information technology.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Equality connecting energy dissipation with violation of fluctuation-response relation
Creators: name: Harada, Takahiro
name: Sasa, Shin-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In systems driven away from equilibrium, the velocity correlation function and the linear response function to a small perturbation force do not satisfy the fluctuation-response relation (FRR) due to the lack of detailed balance in contrast to equilibrium systems. In this Letter, an equality between an extent of the FRR violation and the rate of energy dissipation is proved for Langevin systems under non-equilibrium conditions. This equality enables us to calculate the rate of energy dissipation by quantifying the extent of the FRR violation, which can be measured experimentally.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett, v2: major revision, v3: minor revision
Midisuperspace Supersymmetric Quantum Cosmology
Creators: name: Macias, Alfredo
name: Camacho, Abel
name: Kunz, Jutta
name: Laemmerzahl, Claus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the canonical quantization in the framework of N=1 simple supergravity for the case of a very simple gravitational midisuperspace described by Gowdy $T^3$ cosmological models. We consider supersymmetric quantum cosmology in the mentioned midisuperspace, where a matrix representation for the gravitino covector--spinor is used. The full Lorentz constraint and its implications for the wave function of the universe are analyzed in detail. We found that there are indeed physical states in the midisuperspace sector of the theory in contrast to the case of minisuperspace where there exist no physical states.
description: Accepted in Physical Review D
Finsterhölzl, Johann: Die Kirche in der Theologie Ignaz von Döllingers
Creators: name: Küppers, Werner
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 25 Nr. 1 (1976): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 25, Heft 1
Star Cluster Survival in Star Cluster Complexes under Extreme Residual Gas Expulsion
Creators: name: Fellhauer, M.
name: Kroupa, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After the stars of a new, embedded star cluster have formed they blow the remaining gas out of the cluster. Especially winds of massive stars and definitely the on-set of the first supernovae can remove the residual gas from a cluster. This leads to a very violent mass-loss and leaves the cluster out of dynamical equilibrium. Standard models predict that within the cluster volume the star formation efficiency (SFE) has to be about 33 per cent for sudden (within one crossing-time of the cluster) gas expulsion to retain some of the stars in a bound cluster. If the efficiency is lower the stars of the cluster disperse mostly. Recent observations reveal that in strong star bursts star clusters do not form in isolation but in complexes containing dozens and up to several hundred star clusters, i.e. in super-clusters. By carrying out numerical experiments for such objects placed at distances >= 10 kpc from the centre of the galaxy we demonstrate that under these conditions (i.e. the deeper potential of the star cluster complex and the merging process of the star clusters within these super-clusters) the SFEs can be as low as 20 per cent and still leave a gravitationally bound stellar population. Such an object resembles the outer Milky Way globular clusters and the faint fuzzy star clusters recently discovered in NGC 1023.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, accepted by ApJ
On the planar limit of 3d $T_ρ^σ[SU(N)]$
Creators: name: Coccia, Lorenzo
name: Uhlemann, Christoph F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a limit of 3d $T_ρ^σ[SU(N)]$ quiver gauge theories in which the number of nodes is large and the ranks scale quadratically with the length of the quiver. The sphere free energies and topologically twisted indices are obtained using supersymmetric localization. Both scale quartically with the length of the quiver and quadratically with $N$, with trilogarithm functions depending on the quiver data as coefficients. The IR SCFTs have well-behaved supergravity duals in Type IIB, and the free energies match precisely with holographic results. Previously discussed theories with $N^2\ln N$ scaling arise as limiting cases. Each balanced 3d quiver theory is linked to a 5d parent, whose matrix model is related and dominated by the same saddle point, leading to close relations between BPS observables.
description: 31 pages, 4 figures; v2: JHEP version, updated references
THE RESPONSIVENESS OF U.S. RICE ACREAGE TO PRICE AND PRODUCTION COSTS
Creators: name: Salassi, Michael E.
name: Salassi, Michael E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Rice
subject: Acreage response function
subject: Price elasticity

description: Ordinary least squares and seemingly unrelated regression procedures were used to analyze the impacts of changes in rice prices and production costs on U.S. rice planted acreage. National and regional response models were estimated over the 1970-92 period. Supply-inducing prices of rice were estimated as a function of effective rice support prices and seasonal average market prices. Expected production costs per acre were estimated using lagged actual total variable cash production expenses per acre adjusted by the previous 3-year average annual change in variable expenses. Estimated short-run price and production cost elasticities were found to be inelastic at the national level. However, the magnitude of the production cost elasticities were found to be greater than the price elasticities. Estimated long-run elasticities at the U.S. level were inelastic for changes in price but elastic for changes in production costs. Although acreage response varied across regions, similar relationships were found between price and production cost elasticities.
Sous Vide: A Novel Culinary Technique to Cook a Healthy Food
Creators: name: Tanushri Ghorai1 and Adita Sharma2
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Sous vide is a new cooking technique and nowadays getting popularised among new generation. In the early 1970s, revolution came when this technique started to apply producing foie gras with minimum loss. In this process, food is mixed with proper ingredients and then tightly wrapped in plastic packets prior to cook in water bath at predetermined temperature. The sous vide food can be consumed directly or can be lightly grilled, or broiled the food to add a crispy, golden exterior layer according to consumer taste. Here, cooking can be done by achieving the perfect taste and texture at desirable ‘core’ temperature and preserving maximum of its integrity, flavour and colour. No other cooking method but sous vide cooking can provide the most desirable product to the consumer.  So, this method can be considered as a perfect cooking method and the truth is that meat, fish, vegetables or any other food taste like never before.
Gauge invariance and the detection of gravitational radiation
Creators: name: Garfinkle, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of gravitational radiation raises some subtle issues having to do with the coordinate invariance of general relativity. This paper explains these issues and their resolution by using an analogy with the Aharonov-Bohm effect of quantum mechanics.
description: This paper is a pedagogical treatment of the role of coordinate invariance in explanations of how gravitational radiation detectors work
GENETIC ENGINEERING AND TRADE: PANACEA OR DILEMMA FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?
Creators: name: Nielsen, Chantal Pohl
name: Robinson, Sherman
name: Thierfelder, Karen
name: Nielsen, Chantal Pohl
name: Robinson, Sherman
name: Thierfelder, Karen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Advocates of the use of genetic engineering techniques in agriculture contend that this new biotechnology promises increased productivity, better use of natural resources and more nutritious foods. Opponents, on the other hand, are concerned about potentially adverse implications for the environment and food safety. In response to consumer reactions against genetically modified (GM) foods in some countries - particularly in Western Europe - crop production is being segregated into GM and non-GM varieties. This paper investigates how such changes in the maize and soybean sectors may affect international trade patterns, with particular attention given to different groups of developing countries.
ASSESSING IMPACTS OF DECLINES IN THE WORLD PRICE OF TOBACCO ON CHINA, MALAWI, TURKEY AND ZIMBABWE
Creators: name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Robinson, Sherman
name: Thomas, Marcelle
name: Wobst, Peter
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Robinson, Sherman
name: Thomas, Marcelle
name: Wobst, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This study quantitatively analyzes the general equilibrium effects of declines in world demand for tobacco products. The study finds that tobacco exports and production in the three developing countries, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Turkey, would be badly hit if world tobacco prices fall due to the decline in tobacco demand. Moreover, for a given decrease in the world tobacco price, the more important the tobacco sector is in an economy, the worse the tobacco sector is hit. Tobacco is quite important to the Malawian and Zimbabwean economies as tobacco production and trade accounted for, respectively, 17% and 43% of agricultural GDP and tobacco exports accounted for 50% and 35% of national exports in these two countries. The negative effects of a decline in world tobacco prices on the Malawian and Zimbabwean economies are much larger than that on the Turkish economy. In the case of China, tobacco production, marketing, cigarette processing, distribution, and foreign trade are strictly controlled by the government and tobacco trade accounted for a small share of production and consumption. Thus, the decline in the world tobacco prices would hardly affect China's tobacco sector. The study shows that it is highly risky for a developing country to highly depend on exports of a single agricultural commodity. To reduce such risk, a country has to create a more diversified and flexible export structure.
Edge Deep Learning for Neural Implants
Creators: name: Liu, Xilin
name: Richardson, Andrew G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Implanted devices providing real-time neural activity classification and control are increasingly used to treat neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. Classification performance is critical to identifying brain states appropriate for the therapeutic action. However, advanced algorithms that have shown promise in offline studies, in particular deep learning (DL) methods, have not been deployed on resource-restrained neural implants. Here, we designed and optimized three embedded DL models of commonly adopted architectures and evaluated their inference performance in a case study of seizure detection. A deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network were designed to classify ictal, preictal, and interictal phases from the CHB-MIT scalp EEG database. After iterative model compression and quantization, the algorithms were deployed on a general-purpose, off-the-shelf microcontroller. Inference sensitivity, false positive rate, execution time, memory size, and power consumption were quantified. For seizure event detection, the sensitivity and FPR (h-1) for the DNN, CNN, and LSTM models were 87.36%/0.169, 96.70%/0.102, and 97.61%/0.071, respectively. Predicting seizures for early warnings was also feasible. The implemented compression and quantization achieved a significant saving of power and memory with an accuracy degradation of less than 0.5%. Edge DL models achieved performance comparable to many prior implementations that had no time or computational resource limitations. Generic microcontrollers can provide the required memory and computational resources, while model designs can be migrated to ASICs for further optimization. The results suggest that edge DL inference is a feasible option for future neural implants to improve classification performance and therapeutic outcomes.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
Effective action of (massive) IIA on manifolds with SU(3) structure
Creators: name: House, Thomas
name: Palti, Eran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider compactifications of massive type IIA supergravity on manifolds with SU(3) structure. We derive the gravitino mass matrix of the effective four-dimensional N = 2 theory and show that vacuum expectation values of the scalar fields naturally induce spontaneous partial supersymmetry breaking. We go on to derive the superpotential and the Kaehler potential for the resulting N = 1 theories. As an example we consider the SU(3) structure manifold SU(3)/U(1)xU(1) and explicitly find N = 1 supersymmetric minima where all the moduli are stabilised at non-trivial values without the use of non-perturbative effects.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures. References added and typos corrected to match published version
Case Study: Sharing Personal Data
Creators: name: CAB International
name: Open Data Institute
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2021

description: This case study presents how the Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) having gathered, curated and enabled access to trial data from over 180,000 patients, and in doing so have made a significant contribution to the fight against drug resistance for one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases.
Guide: Protecting people – managing risk when handling personal data
Creators: name: CAB International
name: Open Data Institute
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2021

description: This guide can be used by grantees to identify whether their project will collect personal data, and consider techniques to maximise utility of data while protecting the rights of individuals. This guide will help grantees recognise personal data in agricultural development projects, identify where data is suitable for sharing as openly and widely as possible, comply with data protection and data rights legislation, and minimise risk by identifying relevant mitigating actions. This document is not legal advice and if you are uncertain you should seek guidance from a legal professional.
Adaptive Variational Quantum Dynamics Simulations
Creators: name: Yao, Yong-Xin
name: Gomes, Niladri
name: Zhang, Feng
name: Wang, Cai-Zhuang
name: Ho, Kai-Ming
name: Iadecola, Thomas
name: Orth, Peter P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general-purpose, self-adaptive approach to construct variational wavefunction ansätze for highly accurate quantum dynamics simulations based on McLachlan's variational principle. The key idea is to dynamically expand the variational ansatz along the time-evolution path such that the ``McLachlan distance'', which is a measure of the simulation accuracy, remains below a set threshold. We apply this adaptive variational quantum dynamics simulation (AVQDS) approach to the integrable Lieb-Schultz-Mattis spin chain and the nonintegrable mixed-field Ising model, where it captures both finite-rate and sudden post-quench dynamics with high fidelity. The AVQDS quantum circuits that prepare the time-evolved state are much shallower than those obtained from first-order Trotterization and contain up to two orders of magnitude fewer CNOT gate operations. We envision that a wide range of dynamical simulations of quantum many-body systems on near-term quantum computing devices will be made possible through the AVQDS framework.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Tidal torques, disc radius variations, and instabilities in dwarf novae and soft X-ray transients
Creators: name: Hameury, Jean-Marie
name: Lasota, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of outer disc radius variations in close binary systems is important for understanding the structure and evolution of accretion discs. These variations are predicted by models of both quasi steady and time-dependent discs, and these predictions can be confronted with observations. We consider theoretical and observational consequences of such variations in cataclysmic variables and low mass X-ray binaries. We find that the action of tidal torques, that determine the outer radius at which the disc is truncated, must be important also well inside the tidal radius. We conclude that it is doubtful that the tidal-thermal instability is responsible for the superoutburst/superhump phenomena in dwarf novae, and confirm that it cannot be the reason for the outbursts of soft X-ray transients. It is likely that tidal torques play a role during superoutbursts of very-low mass-ratio systems but they cannot be the main and only cause of superhumps.
description: 8 pages; accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Fiberwise stable bundles on elliptic threefolds with relative Picard number one
Creators: name: Caldararu, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D20, 14D22

description: We show that fiberwise stable vector bundles are preserved by relative Fourier-Mukai transforms between elliptic threefolds with relative Picard number one. Using these bundles we define new invariants of elliptic fibrations, and we relate the invariants of a space with those of a relative moduli space of stable sheaves on it. As a byproduct, we calculate the intersection form of a certain new example of an elliptic Calabi-Yau threefold.
description: 4 pages, non-standard format used
A Market-Window Analysis for Crown-Cut Broccoli Produced in Southwest Virginia
Creators: name: Dillard, John
name: Kmak, Heather
name: Russ, M.J.
name: Coale, Charles W.
name: Bratsch, Tony
name: Reaves, Dixie Watts
name: Dillard, John
name: Kmak, Heather
name: Russ, M.J.
name: Coale, Charles W.
name: Bratsch, Tony
name: Reaves, Dixie Watts
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This research determines the profitability for farmers of marketing film-wrapped Crown-Cut broccoli in Southwest Virginia. Historical price data was collected in three eastern terminal markets (Atlanta, Baltimore, and Philadelphia) for Crown-Cut and bunched broccoli from October 1998 to January 2005. Cost-of-production budgets were estimated for Crown-Cut broccoli. The economic data was entered into a market window analysis and the profitability of each market was evaluated. The profitability of Crown-Cut broccoli was illustrated by market-window graphics. Market windows were generated using an analysis platform developed by Kalo (1998). The profitability estimates were calculated by posting historical market prices by week in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and subtracting corresponding unit costs for transportation and production. Study results show that there is potential profit for producing Crown-Cut broccoli during the first weeks of October. Atlanta proved to have the most profit potential of the three markets studied. Given the frost dates in the area, these production windows favor broccoli production without weather risk. Southwestern Virginia should consider developing Crown-Cut production options: the early open market windows combined with the potential for reducing production costs by double-cropping means that a potential profit opportunity exists.
Spectra, rigidity and stability of sine-cones
Creators: name: Kroencke, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C25, 53E20, 53C24

description: We compute the spectra of the Laplace-Beltrami operator, the connection Laplacian on 1-forms and the Einstein operator on symmetric 2-tensors on the sine-cone over a positive Einstein manifold $(M, g)$. We conclude under which conditions on $(M,g)$, the sine-cone is dynamically stable under the singular Ricci-de Turck flow and rigid as a singular Einstein manifold
description: 35 pages, final version, to appear in J. Funct. Anal
C_2 in Peculiar DQ White Dwarfs
Creators: name: Hall, Patrick B.
name: Maxwell, Aaron J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: White dwarfs (WDs) with carbon absorption features in their optical spectra are known as DQ WDs. The subclass of peculiar DQ WDs are cool objects (T_eff<6000 K) which show molecular absorption bands that have centroid wavelengths ~100-300 Angstroms shortward of the bandheads of the C_2 Swan bands. These "peculiar DQ bands" have been attributed to a hydrocarbon such as C_2H. We point out that C_2H does not show strong absorption bands with wavelengths matching those of the peculiar DQ bands and neither does any other simple molecule or ion likely to be present in a cool WD atmosphere. The most straightforward explanation for the peculiar DQ bands is that they are pressure-shifted Swan bands of C_2. While current models of WD atmospheres suggest that, in general, peculiar DQ WDs do not have higher photospheric pressures than normal DQ WDs do, that finding requires confirmation by improved models of WD atmospheres and of the behavior of C_2 at high pressures and temperatures. If it is eventually shown that the peculiar DQ bands cannot be explained as pressure-shifted Swan bands, the only explanation remaining would seem to be that they arise from highly rotationally excited C_2 (J_peak>45). In either case, the absorption band profiles can in principle be used to constrain the pressure and the rotational temperature of C_2 in the line-forming regions of normal and peculiar DQ WD atmospheres, which will be useful for comparison with models. Finally, we note that progress in understanding magnetic DQ WDs may require models which simultaneously consider magnetic fields, high pressures and rotational excitation of C_2.
description: ApJ in press. 8 pages emulateapj style, 1 figure
Core Principles for Supermarket Aisle Management
Creators: name: Larson, Ronald B.
name: Larson, Ronald B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: For many years, retailers have been searching for research methods to help them identify ways to improve their merchandise presentation. Some have used sales data and the category-management process to make product-assortment and shelf-arrangement decisions. Others decided to do analysis at a larger scale, looking at an aisle of a store instead of at individual categories. While aisle management may have some advantages over category management, the two methods are not mutually exclusive. Category data could be used to decide how to arrange related items on the shelf and information on customer traffic, buyer preferences, and sales for a section of a store could be used to place the categories and allocate space to each category. This research discusses the potential benefits of aisle management and reviews some principles from aisle-management research that may help many food retailers improve their store preferences.
Conductance oscillations in zigzag platinum chains
Creators: name: Garcia-Suarez, V. M.
name: Rocha, A. R.
name: Bailey, S. W.
name: Lambert, C. J.
name: Sanvito, S.
name: Ferrer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first principles simulations we perform a detailed study of the structural, electronic and transport properties of monoatomic platinum chains, sandwiched between platinum electrodes. First we demonstrate that the most stable atomic configuration corresponds to a zigzag arrangement that gradually straightens as the chains are stretched. Secondly, we find that the conductance at equilibrium atomic spacing does not oscillate with the number of atoms $n$ in the chain, but instead decreases almost monotonically with $n$. In contrast, the conductances of chains of fixed $n$ oscillate as the end atoms are pulled apart, due to the gradual closing and opening of conductance channels as the chain straightens.
description: 4 pages. 5 Figures. Version with a new reference
Ideal triangulations of 3-manifolds II: taut and angle structures
Creators: name: Kang, Ensil
name: Rubinstein, J. Hyam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25;57N10

description: This is the second in a series of papers in which we investigate ideal triangulations of the interiors of compact 3-manifolds with tori or Klein bottle boundaries. Such triangulations have been used with great effect, following the pioneering work of Thurston. Ideal triangulations are the basis of the computer program SNAPPEA of Weeks and the program SNAP of Coulson, Goodman, Hodgson and Neumann. Casson has also written a program to find hyperbolic structures on such 3-manifolds, by solving Thurston's hyperbolic gluing equations for ideal triangulations. In this second paper, we study the question of when a taut ideal triangulation of an irreducible atoroidal 3-manifold admits a family of angle structures. We find a combinatorial obstruction, which gives a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of angle structures for taut triangulations. The hope is that this result can be further developed to give a proof of the existence of ideal triangulations admitting (complete) hyperbolic metrics. Our main result answers a question of Lackenby. We give simple examples of taut ideal triangulations which do not admit an angle structure. Also we show that for `layered' ideal triangulations of once-punctured torus bundles over the circle, that if the manodromy is pseudo Anosov, then the triangulation admits angle structures if and only if there are no edges of degree 2. Layered triangulations are generalisations of Thurston's famous triangulation of the Figure 8 knot space. Note that existence of an angle structure easily implies that the 3-manifold has a CAT(0) or relatively word hyperbolic fundamental group.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures
Revealing a peculiar supernova remnant G106.3+2.7 as a petaelectronvolt proton accelerator with X-ray observations
Creators: name: Ge, Chong
name: Liu, Ruo-Yu
name: Niu, Shu
name: Chen, Yang
name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernova remnants (SNRs) have long been considered as one of the most promising sources of Galactic cosmic rays. In the SNR paradigm, petaelectronvolt (PeV) proton acceleration may only be feasible at the early evolution stage, lasting a few hundred years, when the SNR shock speed is high. While evidence supporting the acceleration of PeV protons in young SNRs has yet to be discovered, X-ray synchrotron emission is an important indicator of fast shock. We here report the first discovery of X-ray synchrotron emission from the possibly middle-aged SNR G106.3+2.7, implying that this SNR is still an energetic particle accelerator despite its age. This discovery, along with the ambient environmental information, multiwavelength observation, and theoretical arguments, supports SNR G106.3+2.7 as a likely powerful PeV proton accelerator.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables; published in The Innovation, 2, 100118 (2021)
Quasi Anomalous Knowledge: Searching for new physics with embedded knowledge
Creators: name: Park, Sang Eon
name: Rankin, Dylan
name: Udrescu, Silviu-Marian
name: Yunus, Mikaeel
name: Harris, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discoveries of new phenomena often involve a dedicated search for a hypothetical physics signature. Recently, novel deep learning techniques have emerged for anomaly detection in the absence of a signal prior. However, by ignoring signal priors, the sensitivity of these approaches is significantly reduced. We present a new strategy dubbed Quasi Anomalous Knowledge (QUAK), whereby we introduce alternative signal priors that capture some of the salient features of new physics signatures, allowing for the recovery of sensitivity even when the alternative signal is incorrect. This approach can be applied to a broad range of physics models and neural network architectures. In this paper, we apply QUAK to anomaly detection of new physics events at the CERN Large Hadron Collider utilizing variational autoencoders with normalizing flow.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures
Interacting Chern Insulator in Infinite Spatial Dimensions
Creators: name: Krüger, David
name: Potthoff, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a generic model of a Chern insulator supplemented by a Hubbard interaction in arbitrary even dimension $D$ and demonstrate that the model remains well-defined and nontrivial in the $D \to \infty$ limit. Dynamical mean-field theory is applicable and predicts a phase diagram with a continuum of topologically different phases separating a correlated Mott insulator from the trivial band insulator. We discuss various features, such as the elusive distinction between insulating and semi-metal states, which are unconventional already in the non-interacting case. Topological phases are characterized by a non-quantized Chern density replacing the Chern number as $D\to \infty$.
description: 6+6 pages, 2+6 figures, v2 as published
5d and 4d SCFTs: Canonical Singularities, Trinions and S-Dualities
Creators: name: Closset, Cyril
name: Giacomelli, Simone
name: Schafer-Nameki, Sakura
name: Wang, Yi-Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Canonical threefold singularities in M-theory and Type IIB string theory give rise to superconformal field theories (SCFTs) in 5d and 4d, respectively. In this paper, we study canonical hypersurface singularities whose resolutions contain residual terminal singularities and/or 3-cycles. We focus on a certain class of `trinion' singularities which exhibit these properties. In Type IIB, they give rise to 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ SCFTs that we call $D_p^b(G)$-trinions, which are marginal gaugings of three SCFTs with $G$ flavor symmetry. In order to understand the 5d physics of these trinion singularities in M-theory, we reduce these 4d and 5d SCFTs to 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ theories, thus determining the electric and magnetic quivers (or, more generally, quiverines). In M-theory, residual terminal singularities give rise to free sectors of massless hypermultiplets, which often are discretely gauged. These free sectors appear as `ugly' components of the magnetic quiver of the 5d SCFT. The 3-cycles in the crepant resolution also give rise to free hypermultiplets, but their physics is more subtle, and their presence renders the magnetic quiver `bad'. We propose a way to redeem the badness of these quivers using a class $\mathcal{S}$ realization. We also discover new S-dualities between different $D_p^b(G)$-trinions. For instance, a certain $E_8$ gauging of the $E_8$ Minahan-Nemeschansky theory is S-dual to an $E_8$-shaped Lagrangian quiver SCFT.
description: 95 pages; v2: added references and corrected typos; v3&v4: added references and footnotes, JHEP version
MMT Survey for Intervening MgII Absorption
Creators: name: Nestor, Daniel B.
name: Turnshek, David A.
name: Rao, Sandhya M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from a spectroscopic survey for intervening MgII absorption in the spectra of 381 background QSOs conducted at the Multiple Mirror Telescope. This survey complements our earlier SDSS EDR MgII survey, extending our results to lower redshift ($z \simeq 0.15$) and weaker MgII $\lambda2796$ rest equivalent width ($W_0^{\lambda2796} \simeq 0.1$Å). We confirm two major results from that survey: the transition in the $W_0^{\lambda2796}$ distribution at $W_0^{\lambda2796} \approx 0.3$Å, and the $W_0^{\lambda2796}$-dependent evolution of the incidence of systems. The nature of $\partial^2N/\partial z \partial W_0^{\lambda2796}$ is consistent with the idea that multiple physically-distinct components/processes contribute to the incidence of MgII absorption systems in a $W_0$-dependent manner and evolve at different rates. A significant decrease in the total proper absorption cross section is detected in our MMT data for systems as weak as 1.0 Å$\le W_0^{\lambda2796} < 1.5$Åat $z\lesssim 0.4$. We discuss this $W_0$-dependent evolution in the context of the evolution of galaxy structures, processes including superwinds and interactions, and damped-Ly$α$ absorbers. We also consider the possibility that the observed redshift and $W_0^{\lambda2796}$ dependence of the incidence of absorption in spectroscopic surveys for low-ion/neutral gas results from the effects of dust-induced extinction.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Identification of Two categories of optically bright gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Liang, Enwei
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a systematical analysis of the intrinsic optical afterglow light curves for a complete sample of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed in the period from Feb. 1997 to Aug. 2005. These light curves are generally well-sampled, with at least four detections in the $R$ band. The redshifts of all the bursts in the sample are available. We derive the intrinsic $R$ band afterglow lightcurves (luminosity versus time within the cosmic proper rest frame) for these GRBs, and discover a fact that they essentially follow two universal tracks after 2 hours since the GRB triggers. The optical luminosities at 1 day show a clear bimodal distribution, peaking at 1.4*10^{46} ergs~s^{-1} for the luminous group and 5.3*10^{44} ergs~s^{-1} for the dim group. About 75% of the GRBs are in the luminous group, and the other 25% belong to the dim group. While the luminous group has a wide range of redshift distribution, the bursts in the dim group all appear at a redshift lower than 1.1.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, emulateapj style, accepted for publication by ApJ Letters
Updating Parameter Estimates: A Least Squares Approach with an Application to the Inventory of Beef Cows
Creators: name: Freebairn, John W.
name: Rausser, Gordon C.
name: Freebairn, John W.
name: Rausser, Gordon C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: A least squares estimator for utilizing forthcoming information to update or revise estimates of the parameters of an econometric model is derived, some properties of the updated estimates are discussed, and an illustrative application is provided. The forthcoming information includes new sample observations and a priori probabilistic information about changes, if any, occurring in the parameters of the estimated model over time. Recursive formulae for sequential updating of the parameter estimates are derived. The procedure is used to update estimates of the parameters of an equation describing annual net changes in the inventory of Australian beef cows.
High Energy Neutrinos as a Probe for New Physics and Astrophysics
Creators: name: Bugaev, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A review of the recent achievements in high energy neutrino physics and, partly, neutrino astrophysics is presented. It is argued that experiments with high energy neutrinos of natural origin can be used for a search of new physics effects beyond the electroweak scale.
description: 10 pages
The Relation Between Urban and Rural Populations: Empirics and Implications
Creators: name: Phillips, John
name: Phillips, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Policies aimed at increasing farm efficiency through amalgamation and those directed at decentralization of population require a clear understanding of the relationship, both functionally and empirically, between rural populations and the towns which they surround. In this article we show that rural towns have evolved as service centres for the surrounding population and that there is a definite numerical relationship between the population in the rural sector and that in the related urban service centres. Policy implications of these findings are then deduced.
Flat space holography in spin-2 extended dilaton-gravity
Creators: name: Afshar, Hamid
name: Esmaeili, Erfan
name: Safari, Hamid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an interacting spin-2 gauge theory coupled to the two-dimensional dilaton-gravity in flat spacetime. The asymptotic symmetry group is enhanced to the central extension of Diff$(S^1)\ltimes C^\infty(S^1)\ltimes$Vec($S^1$) when the central element of the Heisenberg subgroup is zero (vanishing $U(1)$ level). Using the BF-formulation of the model we derive the corresponding boundary coadjoint action which is the spin-2 extension of the warped Schwarzian theory at vanishing $U(1)$ level. We also discuss the thermodynamics of black holes in this model.
description: 35 pages, v2: minor corrections, text improved, citation updated, v3: introduction revised, clarification added, new subsection 7.3 added, references added