cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
WSRT Faraday tomography of the Galactic ISM at λ~ 0.86 m
Creators: name: Schnitzeler, D. H. F. M.
name: Katgert, P.
name: de Bruyn, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of the Galactic ISM by applying Faraday tomography to a radio polarization data set in the direction of the Galactic anti-centre. We address the problem of missing large-scale structure in our data, and show that this does not play an important role for the results we present. The main peak of the Faraday depth spectra in our data set is not measurably resolved for about 8% of the lines of sight. An unresolved peak indicates a separation between the regions with Faraday rotation and synchrotron emission. However, cosmic rays pervade the ISM, and synchrotron emission would therefore also be produced where there is Faraday rotation. We suggest that the orientation of the magnetic field can separate the two effects. By modelling the thermal electron contribution to the Faraday depth, we map the strength of the magnetic field component along the line of sight. Polarized point sources in our data set have rotation measures that are comparable to the Faraday depths of the diffuse emission in our data. Our Faraday depth maps show narrow canals of low polarized intensity. We conclude that depolarization over the telescope beam produces at least some of these canals. Finally, we investigate the properties of one conspicuous region in this data set and argue that it is created by a decrease in line-of-sight depolarization compared to its surroundings.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A
Garland to God: A Multimedia Format
Creators: name: Gordiychuk, Nikolai
Publisher: name: Rivista di Studi Sudasiatici
Year: 2010

description: Digital Devaram. Kaṇiṉit Tēvāram. Ed by V. M. Subramanya Aiyar, Jean-Luc Chevillard and S. A. S. Sarma. (Collection Indologie 103). Pondicherry: IFP / EFEO, 2007. [CD-ROM].
description: Rivista di Studi Sudasiatici, IV (2009)
Constraints on the phase transition of Early Dark Energy with the CMB anisotropies
Creators: name: Hayashi, Shintaro
name: Minoda, Teppei
name: Ichiki, Kiyotomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Early dark energy (EDE) models have attracted attention in the context of the recent problem of the Hubble tension. Here we extend these models by taking into account the new density fluctuations generated by the EDE which decays around the recombination phase. We solve the evolution of the density perturbations in dark energy fluid generated at the phase transition of EDE as isocurvature perturbations. Assuming that the isocurvature mode is characterized by a power-law power spectrum and is uncorrelated with the standard adiabatic mode, we calculate the CMB angular power spectra. By comparing them to the Planck data using the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo method, we obtained zero-consistent values of the EDE parameters and $H_0=67.56^{+0.65}_{-0.66}~\mathrm{km} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ at $68 \%$ CL. This $H_0$ value is almost the same as the Planck value in the $Λ$CDM model, $H_0=67.36 \pm 0.54~\mathrm{km} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$, and there is still a $\sim 3.5 σ$ tension between the CMB and Type Ia supernovae observations. Including CMB lensing, BAO, supernovae and SH0ES data sets, we find $H_0=68.94^{+0.47}_{-0.57}~\mathrm{km} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1} \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ at $68 \%$ CL. The amplitude of the fluctuations induced by the phase transition of the EDE is constrained to be less than $1$--$2$ percent of the amplitude of the adiabatic mode. This is so small that such non-standard fluctuations cannot appear in the CMB angular spectra. In conclusion, the isocurvature fluctuations induced by our simplest EDE phase transition model do not explain the Hubble tension well.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Learning Maps as Cognitive Models for Instruction and Assessment
Creators: name: Swinburne Romine, Russell
name: Thompson, W. Jake
name: Karvonen, Meagan
name: Erickson, Karen
name: Bechard, Sue
name: Schuster, Jonathan
name: Simmering, Vanessa
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2025

description:
This paper describes large, fine-grained, intentionally inclusive, research-based cognitive models called learning maps. Learning maps are the product of an intensive research synthesis process to develop formal learning models that better reflect the diversity of how learners can learn and be assessed on academic content. Students begin at different places and learn at different rates, and they may have cognitive disabilities or may face a variety of barriers that pose challenges when learning content. Learning maps provide numerous starting points and pathways by which students can acquire and demonstrate knowledge, skills, and understandings. Our work in developing learning maps relies on principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL), which provides a foundation of flexibility and inclusivity to accommodate students with a wide range of cognitive, linguistic, physical, and sensory profiles. In this paper, we describe learning map design, development, and both qualitative and quantitative methods for the evaluation of map structure. In addition, we offer reflections on our experiences with implementing learning maps as the cognitive architecture for assessments and educational interventions through our work on a variety of projects. With examples from these projects, we describe evidence that shows how learning maps can be useful tools for improving instruction and assessment for all learners. We identify areas where further research and inquiry could prove fruitful and conclude with a discussion of potential areas of extension and offer suggestions for the ongoing refinement of learning maps.
The politics of relationships : an examination of Margaret Atwood’s the Edible Woman, Surfacing and Survival
Creators: name: Robertson, Esther Mary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In her poetry and novels, Margaret Atwood explores political realities in the relationships " between women and men, and to a significant degree her insights into power-patterns are shaped by an awareness of the ways in which people are trained by their society from childhood to hold one set of attitudes toward women and another toward men. Her portraits of women and men, and of the relationships between them, demonstrate how this double standard has destructive consequences for both sexes, among them the suppression, denial and eventual atrophy of feeling, resulting in relationships governed not by love but by subtle power-games which are characterized by insensitivity and ruthlessness and in which men hold the advantage. In "Survival", Atwood offers a "map" of Canadian Literature, and emphasizes the number of victims to be found therein and the extent to which survival is a preoccupation with Canadian writers. An inconsistency is apparent here, for, although she touches upon sexism, she does not explore the ways in which sex-role conditioning encourages women to play victim roles. Atwood's own analysis of politics in woman-man relationships in the novels and poetry is inconsistent with this omission in "Survival"; the failure in that book to deal with the realities of sexism in Canadian literature indicates that Atwood's analysis of sexism is incomplete.
CSSR: A Context-Aware Sequential Software Service Recommendation Model
Creators: name: Zhang, Mingwei
name: Liu, Jiayuan
name: Zhang, Weipu
name: Deng, Ke
name: Dong, Hai
name: Liu, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.8; D.2.6

description: We propose a novel software service recommendation model to help users find their suitable repositories in GitHub. Our model first designs a novel context-induced repository graph embedding method to leverage rich contextual information of repositories to alleviate the difficulties caused by the data sparsity issue. It then leverages sequence information of user-repository interactions for the first time in the software service recommendation field. Specifically, a deep-learning based sequential recommendation technique is adopted to capture the dynamics of user preferences. Comprehensive experiments have been conducted on a large dataset collected from GitHub against a list of existing methods. The results illustrate the superiority of our method in various aspects.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, The long version of the paper with the same title in ICSoC 2021
Axion isocurvature fluctuations with extremely blue spectrum
Creators: name: Kasuya, Shinta
name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an axion model for generating isocurvature fluctuations with blue spectrum, n_{iso}=2-4, which is suggested by recent analyses of admixture of adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations with independent spectral indices, n_{ad} \ne n_{iso}. The distinctive feature of the model is that the spectrum is blue at large scales while scale invariant at small scales. This is naturally realized by the dynamics of the Peccei-Quinn scalar field.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, published version
Do discurso da Ciência do Turismo para a Ciência do Turismo
Creators: name: Beni, Mario Carlos
name: Moesch, Marutscka
Publisher: name: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento
Year: 2016

description: O artigo pretende avaliar a pertinência da ciência do turismo, através da apropriação dos conceitos, das teorias, dos métodos e modelos. A visão tradicional do estudo do turismo, influenciada pela propositura epistemológica, constitui um objeto interdisciplinar, pelo conjunto de fatores culturais, sociais, econômicos, políticos e antropológicos. O artigo apresenta três eixos primordiais. O primeiro eixo centra-se numa discussão sobre a possibilidade de o turismo ser uma disciplina tecida nos anos 1980, e os modelos explicativos pela teoria sistêmica como o SISTUR. O segundo aborda a teoria da complexidade, com a concepção epistêmica da interdisciplinaridade e transdisciplinaridade pelas mãos de Edgar Morin (2000) e E. Jantsch (1980). O objetivo deste eixo é mostrar que o saber de turismo não é linear, que o turismo é inter e transdisciplinar e o princípio de auto-eco-organização tem valor hologramático, a fim de libertar o turismo das amarras disciplinares. Isso explica o terceiro eixo, que incide sobre os esforços feitos sob a teoria da complexidade como o sistema orgânico do turismo: ecossistema turístico e a reconstrução das categorias do objeto do turismo cuja totalidade se expressa como fenômeno humano.
description: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, n.º 25 (2016)
3D Hopkinson bar: new experiments for dynamic testing on soils
Creators: name: Semblat, J. F.
name: Luong, M. P.
name: Gary, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct analysis of the dynamic response of materials is possible using Split Hopkinson pressure bar method. For soils, it has to be adapted since the specimen has generally poor mechanical properties. An original experimental arrangement called "Three-Dimensional Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar" (3D SHPB) is proposed. It allows the measurement of the complete three-dimensional dynamic response of soils. Different types of confinement systems are used. The results on different loading paths are compared with other works on sand and clay. The analysis at grain-size level gives further elements on the comminution process.
Editorial
Creators: name: Costa, Rui Augusto
Publisher: name: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento
Year: 2016

description: O setor do turismo encontra-se numa fase de grande crescimento e desenvolvimento, e segundo as previsões da OMT, irá manter esta tendência de crescimento para os próximos anos. O turismo está em constante mutação, e dada a sua especificidade e características, tem vindo a registar alterações significativas na forma como continuará a operar, quer na melhoria da qualidade e diversificação da oferta, quer numa maior aposta na diferenciação e conceito de ‘uniqueness’, para além das alterações do perfil dos próprios turistas, cada vez mais exigentes, interessados e informados. (...)
description: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, n.º 25 (2016)
Additional file 1 of Use of latent profile analysis and k-means clustering to identify student anxiety profiles
Creators: name: Liu, Fang
name: Yang, Dan
name: Liu, Yueguang
name: Zhang, Qin
name: Chen, Shiyu
name: Li, Wanxia
name: Ren, Jidong
name: Tian, Xiaobin
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. English version and Chinese version of Chinese Adolescent Physical and Mental Health Questionnaire.
Linear systems, Hankel products and the sinh-Gordon equation
Creators: name: Blower, Gordon
name: Doust, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 47B35, 47A48, 34M55

description: Let $(-A,B,C)$ be a linear system in continuous time $t>0$ with input and output space ${\mathbb C}^2$ and state space $H$. The scattering functions $ϕ_{(x)}(t)=Ce^{-(t+2x)A}B$ determines a Hankel integral operator $Γ_{ϕ_{(x)}}$; if $Γ_{ϕ_{(x)}}$ is trace class, then the Fredholm determinant $τ(x)=\det (I+Γ_{ϕ_{(x)}})$ determines the tau function of $(-A,B,C)$. The paper establishes properties of algebras including $R_x=\int_x^\infty e^{-tA}BCe^{-tA}dt$ on $H$. Thus the paper obtains solutions of the sinh-Gordon PDE. The tau function for sinh-Gordon satisfies a particular Painléve $\mathrm{III}'$ nonlinear ODE and describes a random matrix model, with asymptotic distribution found by the Coulomb fluid method to be the solution of an electrostatic variational problem on an interval.
Spin nematic state for a spin S=3/2 isotropic non-Heisenberg magnet
Creators: name: Fridman, Yu. A.
name: Kosmachev, O. A.
name: Ivanov, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $S=3/2$ system with general isotropic nearest-neighbor exchange within a mean-field approximation possesses a magnetically ordered ferromagnetic state and antiferromagnetic state, and two different spin nematic states, with zero spin expectation values. Both spin nematic phases display complicated symmetry break, including standard rotational break described by the vector-director $\vec {u}$ and specific symmetry break with respect to the time reversal. The break of time reversal is determined by non-trivial quantum averages cubic over the spin components and can be described by unit "pseudospin" vector $\vec σ$. The vectors $\vec σ$ on different sites are parallel for a nematic state, and $\vec σ$'s are antiparallel for different sublattices for an antinematic phase.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Friendship Bench intervention to address depression and improve HIV care engagement among adolescents living with HIV in Malawi: Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.
Creators: name: Bhushan, Nivedita L
name: Mortensen, Hillary
name: Kulisewa, Kazione
name: Stockton, Melissa A
name: Udedi, Michael
name: Kramer, Jack
name: Faidas, Maria
name: Waddell, Katherine Grace
name: Mphonda, Steven M
name: Gaynes, Bradley N
name: Pence, Brian W
name: Dao, Thuy Thi Dieu
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Year: 2025

description:
BACKGROUND: Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. Comorbid depression is prevalent among adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) and poses numerous challenges to HIV care engagement and retainment. We present a pilot trial designed to investigate feasibility, fidelity, and acceptability of an adapted and an enhanced Friendship Bench intervention (henceforth: AFB and EFB) in reducing depression and improving engagement in HIV care among ALWH in Malawi. METHODS: Design: Participants will be randomized to one of three conditions: the Friendship Bench intervention adapted for ALWH (AFB, n = 35), the Friendship Bench intervention enhanced with peer support (EFB, n = 35), or standard of care (SOC, n = 35). Recruitment is planned for early 2024 in four clinics in Malawi. Participants: Eligibility criteria (1) aged 13-19; (2) diagnosed with HIV (vertically or horizontally); (3) scored ≥  13 on the self-reported Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II); (4) living in the clinic's catchment area with intention to remain for at least 1 year; and (5) willing to provide informed consent. Interventions: AFB includes 6 counseling sessions facilitated by young, trained non-professional counselors. EFB consists of AFB plus integration of peer support group sessions to facilitate engagement in HIV care. SOC for mental health in public facilities in Malawi includes options for basic supportive counseling, medication, referral to mental health clinics or psychiatric units at tertiary care hospitals for more severe cases. Outcomes: The primary outcomes are feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of the AFB and EFB assessed at 6 months and 12 months and compared across 3 arms. The secondary outcome is to assess preliminary effectiveness of the interventions in reducing depressive symptoms and improving HIV viral suppression at 6 months and 12 months. DISCUSSION: This pilot study will provide insights into youth-friendly adaptations of the Friendship Bench model for ALWH in Malawi and the value of adding group peer support for HIV care engagement. The information gathered in this study will lead to a R01 application to test our adapted intervention in a large-scale cluster randomized controlled trial to improve depression and engagement in HIV care among ALWH. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06173544).
Article Reranking by Memory-Enhanced Key Sentence Matching for Detecting Previously Fact-Checked Claims
Creators: name: Sheng, Qiang
name: Cao, Juan
name: Zhang, Xueyao
name: Li, Xirong
name: Zhong, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: False claims that have been previously fact-checked can still spread on social media. To mitigate their continual spread, detecting previously fact-checked claims is indispensable. Given a claim, existing works focus on providing evidence for detection by reranking candidate fact-checking articles (FC-articles) retrieved by BM25. However, these performances may be limited because they ignore the following characteristics of FC-articles: (1) claims are often quoted to describe the checked events, providing lexical information besides semantics; (2) sentence templates to introduce or debunk claims are common across articles, providing pattern information. Models that ignore the two aspects only leverage semantic relevance and may be misled by sentences that describe similar but irrelevant events. In this paper, we propose a novel reranker, MTM (Memory-enhanced Transformers for Matching) to rank FC-articles using key sentences selected with event (lexical and semantic) and pattern information. For event information, we propose a ROUGE-guided Transformer which is finetuned with regression of ROUGE. For pattern information, we generate pattern vectors for matching with sentences. By fusing event and pattern information, we select key sentences to represent an article and then predict if the article fact-checks the given claim using the claim, key sentences, and patterns. Experiments on two real-world datasets show that MTM outperforms existing methods. Human evaluation proves that MTM can capture key sentences for explanations. The code and the dataset are at https://github.com/ICTMCG/MTM.
description: ACL-IJCNLP 2021 Main Conference Long Paper
Le più antiche carte della chiesa e ospedale di S. Giacomo de Redere di Amelia (1145-1199)
Creators: name: Voltaggio, Mattia
Publisher: name: Scrineum Rivista
Year: 2013

description: This paper’s purpose consists in the critical edition of the oldest documents on parchment (1145-1199) of S. Giacomo de Redere, stored in the historical archives of S. Paul’s outside the Walls Abbey. Excepted a pseudo-original, documents give evidence of several contractual typologies: we find 29 deeds of gift, 13 bills of sale, 1 security, 1 emphyteusis; furthermore, 13 exchanges of real properties, 7 restitutions of unlawfully owned properties, 1 promissio and 1 assignment of a claim. The introduction explains historical events of S. Giacomo and its archives, examining common forms of Amelia’s private deeds and comparing them with common forms used in the area of Rome and in east Umbria in the second half of XII century. Tables (rectores and priores; financial officers; Amelia’s bishops) and indexes (documents; names and place-names; scribes and judges) accompany the text.
description: Scrineum Rivista, 5 (2008)
A Nonparametric Statistical Method for Two Crossing Survival Curves
Creators: name: Huang, Xinghui
name: Lyu, Jingjing
name: Hou, Yawen
name: Chen, Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In comparative research on time-to-event data for two groups, when two survival curves cross each other, it may be difficult to use the log-rank test and hazard ratio (HR) to properly assess the treatment benefit. Our aim was to identify a method for evaluating the treatment benefits for two groups in the above situation. We quantified treatment benefits based on an intuitive measure called the area between two survival curves (ABS), which is a robust measure of treatment benefits in clinical trials regardless of whether the proportional hazards assumption is violated or two survival curves cross each other. Additionally, we propose a permutation test based on the ABS, and we evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of this test with simulated data. The ABS permutation test is a robust statistical inference method with an acceptable type I error rate and superior power to detect differences in treatment effects, especially when the proportional hazards assumption is violated. The ABS can be used to intuitively quantify treatment differences over time and provide reliable conclusions in complicated situations, such as crossing survival curves. The R Package "ComparisonSurv" contains the proposed methods and is available from https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ComparisonSurv. Keywords: Survival analysis; Area between two survival curves; Crossing survival curves; Treatment benefit
description: The R Package "ComparisonSurv" is available from https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ComparisonSurv
The Effects of Individual Components of E-Cigarettes on Ion Transport and Airway Surface Liquid Height in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Ozmerdivenli, Recep
name: Tarran, Robert
name: Beyazcicek, Ersin
name: Beyazcicek, Ozge
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2025

description:
Background and Objectives: The rising popularity of new-generation electronic cigarettes (e-cig) like JUUL necessitates a better understanding of their impact on respiratory and other body systems, as the effects of JUUL’s components remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of JUUL components on ion channels and airway surface liquid (ASL) height in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of these components were investigated in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells. Materials and Methods: The components tested included nicotine salt (NicSalt), benzoic acid (BA), sodium hydrogen tartrate (NaTar), propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin (PG/VG), freebase nicotine (FBNic) and nicotine salt+benzoic acid (NicSalt+BA). Each component was prepared at 100 µM, and HBECs were exposed for 24 h to measure ASL height, short-circuit current (Isc), and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Results: Initial exposure (0 h) to these substances did not significantly alter ASL height. However, after 2 h, FBNic-treated HBECs exhibited a significant reduction in ASL height compared to NicSalt and other tested substances, with the most pronounced decrease observed at the 6th hour. This effect persisted over prolonged exposure, suggesting a cumulative impact on airway hydration and epithelial function. Additionally, adenosine administration did not induce a significant increase in ASL height. NicSalt, BA, and FBNic were found to disrupt ion balance in HBECs, affecting ion channels and ASL homeostasis while significantly decreasing TEER. In terms of cytotoxicity, NicSalt, and benzoic acid demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity at low concentrations, whereas FBNic showed significantly higher cytotoxicity at moderate levels. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study highlights that e-cigarette components can disrupt airway surface liquid homeostasis by affecting ion channel activity, compromise epithelial barrier integrity by reducing transepithelial electrical resistance, and emphasize the importance of their cytotoxic effects.
Radiolysis of ammonia-containing ices by energetic, heavy and highly charged ions inside dense astrophysical environments
Creators: name: Pilling, S.
name: Duarte, E. Seperuelo
name: da Silveira, E. F.
name: Balanzat, E.
name: Rothard, H.
name: Domaracka, A.
name: Boduch, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deeply inside dense molecular clouds and protostellar disks, the interstellar ices are protected from stellar energetic UV photons. However, X-rays and energetic cosmic rays can penetrate inside these regions triggering chemical reactions, molecular dissociation and evaporation processes. We present experimental studies on the interaction of heavy, highly charged and energetic ions (46 MeV Ni^13+) with ammonia-containing ices in an attempt to simulate the physical chemistry induced by heavy ion cosmic rays inside dense astrophysical environments. The measurements were performed inside a high vacuum chamber coupled to the heavy ion accelerator GANIL (Grand Accelerateur National d'Ions Lourds) in Caen, France.\textit{In-situ} analysis is performed by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) at different fluences. The averaged values for the dissociation cross section of water, ammonia and carbon monoxide due to heavy cosmic ray ion analogs are ~2x10^{-13}, 1.4x10^{-13} and 1.9x10^{-13} cm$^2$, respectively. In the presence of a typical heavy cosmic ray field, the estimated half life for the studied species is 2-3x10^6 years. The ice compaction (micropore collapse) due to heavy cosmic rays seems to be at least 3 orders of magnitude higher than the one promoted by (0.8 MeV) protons . In the case of the irradiated H2O:NH3:CO ice, the infrared spectrum at room temperature reveals five bands that were tentatively assigned to vibration modes of the zwitterionic glycine (+NH3CH2COO-).
description: Accepted to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics; Number of pages: 12; Number of Figures: 7; Number of Tables: 5
Comparison of histochemical methods for the analysis of eosinophils and mast cells using a porcine model of eosinophilic esophagitis
Creators: name: Meyerholz, David K.
name: Snider, Douglas B.
name: Karri, Akash
name: Cruse, Glenn
name: Käser, Tobias
name: Dellon, Evan S.
name: Blikslager, Anthony T.
name: Cortes, Lizette M.
name: Laster, Scott
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2025

description:
Accurate identification of eosinophils in tissue sections is required for diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis in humans and the assessment of severity of disease in allergy models. The pig may be a good model for sensitization and allergy models due to anatomical, physiological, and immunological similarities to humans. However, comparative studies on histochemical detection of eosinophils in fixed porcine tissue are lacking. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons were performed for six histochemical methods previously reported for eosinophil and mast cell detection in other species. Astra Blue/Vital New Red, Congo Red, Luna, Sirius Red, Toluidine Blue, and modified regressive Hematoxylin & Eosin were applied to formalin-fixed paraffin embedded full-thickness sections of porcine esophagus. Specimens were collected from young, crossbred pigs sensitized to ovalbumin with or without subsequent oral exposure to ovalbumin to produce eosinophilic esophagitis lesions for comparison to non-allergic controls. Ease of eosinophil quantitation was analyzed, and varied by histochemical stain, to determine whether stain selection increased accuracy and efficiency of evaluation. Noticeable differences in color contrast between intracytoplasmic granules, surrounding tissue, and cellular components aided detection and identification of eosinophils and mast cells with Astra Blue/New Vital Red and Toluidine Blue, respectively. For eosinophils, Congo Red and H&E were adequate, while Luna and Sirius Red presented challenges for quantitation. In this case, rapid and reliable characterization of porcine esophageal allergy models was made possible by using Astra Blue/New Vital Red for eosinophils and Toluidine Blue for mast cells.
Composition dependence of magnetocaloric effect in Sm1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.3-0.5)
Creators: name: Rebello, A.
name: Mahendiran, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in Sm1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.30-0.5). We report a magnetic field driven first-order metamagnetic transition in the paramagnetic state in x = 0.4 and 0.5 and a second-order transition in x = 0.3. The highest magnetic entropy (-Sm = 6.2 J/kgK for H = 5 T at T = 125 K) that occurs in x = 0.4 is associated with the metamagnetic transition resulting from the field-induced growth and coalescence of ferromagnetic nano clusters preexisting in the paramagnetic state. Our results suggest that manganites with intrinsic nanoscale phase separation can be exploited for magnetic refrigeration.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Flat bands for electrons in rhombohedral graphene multilayers with a twin boundary
Creators: name: Garcia-Ruiz, Aitor
name: Slizovskiy, Sergey
name: Fal'ko, Vladimir I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topologically protected flat surface bands make thin films of rhombohedral graphite an appealing platform for searching for strongly correlated states of 2D electrons. In this work, we study rhombohedral graphite with a twin boundary stacking fault and analyse the semimetallic and topological properties of low-energy bands localised at the surfaces and at the twinned interface. We derive an effective 4-band low energy model, where we implement the full set of Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure (SWMcC) parameters, and find the conditions for the bands to be localised at the twin boundary, protected from the environment-induced disorder. This protection together with a high density of states at the charge neutrality point, in some cases -- due to a Lifshitz transition, makes this system a promising candidate for hosting strongly-correlated effects.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Lean Body Mass with and Without Resistance Training
Creators: name: Pandit, Anurag
name: Simar, David
name: Desai, Imtiaz
name: Kaakoush, Nadeem O.
name: Smith-Ryan, Abbie E.
name: Candow, Darren G.
name: Hagstrom, Amanda D.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2025

description:
Background/Objectives: Creatine monohydrate (CrM) is considered to be one of the most effective supplements for enhancing lean body mass during resistance training. However, CrM may influence body water content, potentially confounding lean body mass measurements. Therefore, this randomised controlled trial assessed the effect of CrM alone on lean body mass following a supplement wash-in, and when combined with a resistance training program. Methods: Sixty-three (34 females, 29 males, 31 ± 8 years) participants were randomised to supplement with CrM (5 g/day for 13 weeks: wash-in + 12-week resistance training) or serve as a control (received no creatine or placebo). Lean body mass was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, post 7-day wash-in, and post 12 weeks of resistance training. Both groups began the same training program post CrM wash-in. Results: After the 7-day wash-in, the supplement group gained 0.51 ± 1.79 kg more lean body mass than the control group (p = 0.03). Following the wash-in, both groups gained 2 kg after resistance training (p < 0.0001), with no between-group difference in lean body mass growth (p = 0.71). Sex-disaggregated analysis showed that the supplement group, only in females, gained 0.59 ± 1.61 kg more lean body mass than the controls (p = 0.04). There were no group differences in lean body mass growth following resistance training in females (p = 0.10) or males (p = 0.35). Conclusions: A 7-day CrM wash-in increased lean body mass, particularly in females. Thereafter, CrM did not enhance lean body mass growth when combined with resistance training, likely due to its short-term effects on lean body mass measurements. A maintenance dose of higher than 5 g/day may be necessary to augment lean body mass growth.
Development of a virulent O'nyong'nyong challenge model to determine heterologous protection mediated by a hydrogen peroxide-inactivated chikungunya virus vaccine.
Creators: name: Raué, Hans-Peter
name: Streblow, Magdalene M
name: Denton, Michael
name: Sulgey, Gauthami
name: Heise, Mark T
name: Slifka, Dawn K
name: Slifka, Mark K
name: Weber, Whitney C
name: Streblow, Daniel N
name: Streblow, Zachary J
name: Kreklywich, Craig N
name: Andoh, Takeshi F
name: Amanna, Ian J
name: Arduino, Irene
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Year: 2025

description:
O'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus identified in Uganda in 1959. The virus has potential for enzootic and urban transmission cycles, and in humans, ONNV infection manifests as fever, rash, and joint/muscle pain that can persist. There are currently no specific vaccines or antiviral treatments for ONNV. Since highly passaged alphaviruses often lose pathogenic features, we constructed an infectious clone for ONNV-UVRI0804 (ONNV0804), a 2017 isolate from a febrile patient in Uganda. Viral replication for ONNV0804 was compared to the highly passaged strain, ONNVUgMP30, and ONNVUgMP30 replicated to higher levels in human dermal fibroblasts and Vero cells, but both viruses replicated similarly in C6/36 and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. We performed a head-to-head comparison of in vivo virulence in both immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice and interferon deficient AG129 mice. In both mouse strains, ONNV0804 was substantially more pathogenic than ONNVUgMP30. Unlike ONNVUgMP30, ONNV0804 caused significant footpad swelling and broader tissue distribution with higher vRNA loads at both 5- and 43-days post-infection (dpi) relative to ONNVUgMP30. This finding indicates that ONNV can persist in joint and muscle tissues for long periods of time, which has been associated with chronic arthritogenic human disease. In AG129 mice, ONNV0804 caused a more rapid onset of disease, higher viremia, and a >800-fold increase in virulence. Previous studies have shown that CHIKV infection or vaccination can provide cross-reactive immunity to ONNV. To determine if a CHIKV vaccine can protect against the more virulent ONNV0804 strain, we vaccinated mice with a hydrogen peroxide-inactivated CHIKV vaccine, HydroVax-CHIKV. Neutralizing antibody titers were determined against ONNV0804 and CHIKV and animals were challenged with ONNV0804. An optimized two-dose vaccination regimen of HydroVax-CHIKV protected against lethal infection and reduced virus-associated arthritogenic disease. These data indicate that we have developed new and robust models for studying severe ONNV disease and that HydroVax-CHIKV vaccination can protect against infection with a highly pathogenic contemporary strain of ONNV.
On the Exact Eigenstates and the Ground States Based on the Boson Realization for Many-Quark Model with su(4) Algebraic Structure
Creators: name: Tsue, Y.
name: Providencia, C.
name: da Providencia, J.
name: Yamamura, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the boson realization, the ground state and phase structure are investigated in a many-quark model with algebraic structure developed in our previous paper, in which the two-body pairing and particle-hole type interactions are active. The physical interpretation of the exact eigenstates obtained in the boson realization in our previous paper is given in a many-quark model with su(4) algebraic structure.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, using PTPTeX.cls
Detoxification of rapeseed protein isolates by an activated carbon treatment
Creators: name: Woyewoda, Andrew Dennis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Rapeseed protein isolate from pH 10 NaOH extraction was analyzed by gas chromatography (isothiocyanates) and UV absorption (goitrin) (Youngs and Wetter, 1967) and found to contain glucosinolates at levels equivalent to 0.75 mg 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, 0.57 mg 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate, and 0.51 mg oxazolidinethione (goitrin) per g isolate. A two-stage process was developed to decrease the levels of these toxins. Isolate slurry was incubated at pH 7.2 with crude myrosinase extracted from white mustard seed (to convert glucosinolates to isothiocyanates and goitrin), adjusted to pH 10, and passed through a granular activated carbon column. Subsequent analysis revealed only 0.006 mg 4- pentenyl isothiocyanate per g isolate. Goitrin was not detectable. Infrared analysis confirmed that the column was also partially effective in nitrile removal. To eliminate the need for myrosinase purification, the process was modified to include ground white mustard seed addition directly to rapeseed meal slurry. After incubation, the protein was extracted, purified by isoelectric precipitation, re-dissolved, and treated by the activated carbon column. This modification was included in the "recommended detoxification procedure". Subsequent experiments on protein extracts prepared and carbon treated at pH's from 3 to 12, inclusive, revealed that all treatments in the range of pH 3 to 10 were at least 93% effective in isothiocyanate removal. A lower efficiency was observed above pH 10. Storage tests (24 hours) on aglycone containing protein solutions showed increased loss of isothiocyanates with increasing pH from 5 to 10. This could be due to their interaction with protein (Bjorkman, 1973). The column completely removed chromatographically purified glucosinolates from aqueous solution. However, the results could not be duplicated for solutions containing rapeseed protein. Glucosinolate content was determined by trimethylsilation and gas chromatography (modified method of Underhill and Kirkland, 1971).
The Neurology and Neurosurgery Interest Group (NANSIG)-ten years of cultivating interest in clinical neurosciences.
Creators: name: Park, Jay J
name: Ooi, Setthasorn Zhi Yang
name: Gillespie, Conor S
name: Bandyopadhyay, Soham
name: Chowdhury, Yasir A
name: Solomou, Georgios
name: Gough, Melissa
name: Kanmounye, Ulrick Sidney
name: Yanez Touzet, Alvaro
name: Poon, Michael TC
name: Demetriades, Andreas K
name: Jenkinson, Michael D
name: Jenkins, Alistair
name: Neurology And Neurosurgery Interest Group (NANSIG)
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Neurosurgery
Education
Mentorship
Collaboration
Clinical Neuroscience
Nansig

description: Collaboration and successful teamworking are important components of clinical practise, and these skills should be cultivated early in medical school. The breadth of current medical school curricula means that students often have limited exposure to clinical neurosciences. Since its inception in 2009, the Neurology and Neurosurgery Interest Group (NANSIG) has become a national (UK and Republic of Ireland) example of student and junior doctor synergistic collaboration to deliver educational materials, research, conferences, seminars and workshops, as well as advocating for diversity in this field. Recently, it has expanded to incorporate an international audience and cater for a larger group of young medical professionals. The organisation has overcome numerous challenges and is constantly innovating new approaches to harness the necessary knowledge, skills and network to succeed in a career in neurosciences, neurology and neurosurgery. This article summarises the initiatives undertaken by the group over its first 10 years of existence and its organisational structure, as well as its future plans.
Advancing Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Innovations
Creators: name: Eslami, Sajad
name: Soleimani, Mohammad
name: Sadeghi, Reza
name: Dashtkoohi, Mohammad
name: Hayati, Alireza
name: Asadigandomani, Hassan
name: Abdol Homayuni, Mohammad Reza
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2025

description:
Background/Objectives: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a leading cause of preventable blindness, with its global prevalence projected to rise sharply as diabetes incidence increases. Early detection and timely management are critical to reducing DR-related vision loss. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) now enables non-invasive, layer-specific visualization of the retinal vasculature, facilitating more precise identification of early microvascular changes. Concurrently, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL) architectures such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), attention-based models, and Vision Transformers (ViTs), have revolutionized image analysis. These AI-driven tools substantially enhance the sensitivity, specificity, and interpretability of DR screening. Methods: A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, WOS, and Embase databases, including quality assessment of published studies, investigating the result of different AI algorithms with OCTA parameters in DR patients was conducted. The variables of interest comprised training databases, type of image, imaging modality, number of images, outcomes, algorithm/model used, and performance metrics. Results: A total of 32 studies were included in this systematic review. In comparison to conventional ML techniques, our results indicated that DL algorithms significantly improve the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of DR screening. Multi-branch CNNs, ensemble architectures, and ViTs were among the sophisticated models with remarkable performance metrics. Several studies reported that accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) values were higher than 99%. Conclusions: This systematic review underscores the transformative potential of integrating advanced DL and machine learning (ML) algorithms with OCTA imaging for DR screening. By synthesizing evidence from 32 studies, we highlight the unique capabilities of AI-OCTA systems in improving diagnostic accuracy, enabling early detection, and streamlining clinical workflows. These advancements promise to enhance patient management by facilitating timely interventions and reducing the burden of DR-related vision loss. Furthermore, this review provides critical recommendations for clinical practice, emphasizing the need for robust validation, ethical considerations, and equitable implementation to ensure the widespread adoption of AI-OCTA technologies. Future research should focus on multicenter studies, multimodal integration, and real-world validation to maximize the clinical impact of these innovative tools.
Rheological Interpretation of Rayleigh Damping
Creators: name: Semblat, Jean-François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Damping is defined through various terms such as energy loss per cycle (for cyclic tests), logarithmic decrement (for vibration tests), complex modulus, rise-time or spectrum ratio (for wave propagation analysis), etc. For numerical modeling purposes, another type of damping is frequently used : it is called Rayleigh damping. It is a very convenient way of accounting for damping in numerical models, although the physical or rheological meaning of this approach is not clear. A rheological model is proposed to be related to classical Rayleigh damping : it is a generalized Maxwell model with three parameters. For moderate damping (<25%), this model perfectly coincide with Rayleigh damping approach since internal friction has the same expression in both cases and dispersive phenomena are negligible. This is illustrated by finite element (Rayleigh damping) and analytical (generalized Maxwell model) results in a simple one-dimensional case.
A Decade of Progress in Wearable Sensors for Fall Detection (2015–2024): A Network-Based Visualization Review
Creators: name: Jing, Fengshi
name: Ren, Hao
name: Fang, Yan
name: Xu, Zhongzhi
name: Xie, Yewei
name: Liu, Pei
name: Li, Yifei
name: Wu, Xiangyuan
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2025

description: Over the past decade, wearable sensors for fall detection have gained significant attention due to their potential in improving the safety of elderly users and reducing fall-related injuries. This review employs a network-based visualization approach to analyze research trends, key technologies, and collaborative networks. Using studies from SCI- and SSCI-indexed journals from 2015 to 2024, we analyzed 582 articles and 65 reviews with CiteSpace, revealing a significant rise in research on wearable sensors for fall detection. Additionally, we reviewed various datasets and machine learning techniques, from traditional methods to advanced deep learning frameworks, which demonstrate high accuracies, F1 scores, sensitivities, and specificities in controlled settings. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress and emerging trends, offering a foundation for future advancements in wearable fall detection systems.