cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Multi-Phase Medium in the Interstellar Complex N44
Creators: name: Kim, Sungeun
name: Chu, You-Hua
name: Staveley-Smith, Lister
name: Smith, R. Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained high-resolution HI observations of N44, one of the largest HII complexes in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The distribution and internal motions of the HI gas show dynamic effects of fast stellar winds and supernova blasts. Numerous HI holes are detected, with the most prominent two corresponding to the optically identified superbubbles Shell 1 and Shell 2. The HI gas associated with Shell 1 shows an expansion pattern similar to that of the ionized gas shell, but the mass and kinetic energy of the HI shell are 3--7 times those of the ionized gas shell. The total kinetic energy of the neutral and ionized gas of Shell 1 is still more than a factor of 5 lower than expected in a pressure-driven superbubble. It is possible that the central OB association was formed in a molecular cloud and a visible superbubble was not fully developed until the ambient molecular gas had been dissociated and cleared away. This hypothesis is supported by the existence of a molecular cloud toward N44 and the fact that the apparent dynamic age of the superbubble Shell 1 is much shorter than the age of its OB association LH47. Accelerated HI gas is detected at the supernova remnant 0523-679. The mass and kinetic energy in the associated HI gas are also much higher than those in the ionized gas of 0523-679. Studies of interstellar gas dynamics using ionized gas alone are clearly inadequate; neutral gas components must be included.
description: 18 pages,5 figures; for "figures", see at "http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~sek/N44.html" (4.9 MB postscript.gz) ; Appear to ApJ, 503, 729 (Aug 20)
A Database of Belyi Maps
Creators: name: Musty, Michael
name: Schiavone, Sam
name: Sijsling, Jeroen
name: Voight, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We use a numerical method to compute a database of three-point branched covers of the complex projective line of small degree. We report on some interesting features of this data set, including issues of descent.
description: ANTS final revision
Voices from the Fill: Conversations with the Ghosts of Deep Time
Creators: name: Fraillon, Alexandra
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 360201
subject: Creative writing (incl. scriptwriting)

description: A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Humanities and Social Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
The SpinBus Architecture: Scaling Spin Qubits with Electron Shuttling
Creators: name: Künne, Matthias
name: Willmes, Alexander
name: Oberländer, Max
name: Gorjaew, Christian
name: Teske, Julian D.
name: Bhardwaj, Harsh
name: Beer, Max
name: Kammerloher, Eugen
name: Otten, René
name: Seidler, Inga
name: Xue, Ran
name: Schreiber, Lars R.
name: Bluhm, Hendrik
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: arXiv (2023). doi:10.48550/ARXIV.2306.16348
description: Quantum processor architectures must enable scaling to large qubit numbers while providing two-dimensional qubit connectivity and exquisite operation fidelities. For microwave-controlled semiconductor spin qubits, dense arrays have made considerable progress, but are still limited in size by wiring fan-out and exhibit significant crosstalk between qubits. To overcome these limitations, we introduce the SpinBus architecture, which uses electron shuttling to connect qubits and features low operating frequencies and enhanced qubit coherence. Device simulations for all relevant operations in the Si/SiGe platform validate the feasibility with established semiconductor patterning technology and operation fidelities exceeding 99.9 %. Control using room temperature instruments can plausibly support at least 144 qubits, but much larger numbers are conceivable with cryogenic control circuits. Building on the theoretical feasibility of high-fidelity spin-coherent electron shuttling as key enabling factor, the SpinBus architecture may be the basis for a spin-based quantum processor that meets the scalability requirements for practical quantum computing.
description: Published by arXiv
Genetic analysis of extreme obesity
Creators: name: Alsters, Sanne
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Obesity is an increasing health problem worldwide as a result of the changing environment, with calorie-dense food and a sedentary lifestyle. However, numerous twin studies indicate that genetics plays a significant role in determining which individuals become obese or stay lean while sharing the same ‘obesogenic’ environment. Genetic research in obesity has two major goals: the first being to elucidate the pathophysiological basis of obesity, and the second is to provide an evidential foundation for personalised medicine. An obesity cohort was established, consisting of over a thousand severely-obese individuals (mean BMI 48.1 kg/m2 [± 8.67 SD]) undergoing bariatric surgery, as the basis for genetic and phenotypic analysis of the severely obese. The relatively high proportion of metabolically-healthy, but severely-obese individuals in this cohort illustrated some of the many unknown pathophysiological mechanisms, while a consistent increase of public distress among the more severely obese confirmed the ongoing stigmatisation of the obese in UK society. Screening for the most common form of Mendelian obesity, MC4R deficiency identified a lower than anticipated prevalence (0.77%) in the bariatric cohort, but analysis of treatment outcomes indicated that bariatric surgery both (RYGB and VSG) is effective for the individuals affected. Lifestyle intervention for children with MC4R deficiency, on the other hand, appeared to have less beneficial outcomes long term. Using whole exome sequencing on 40 super-obese bariatric participants, a higher than anticipated prevalence of putative Mendelian obesity (20.5%) was found, including several novel disruptive variants in known obesity genes. Finally, a novel Mendelian obesity and diabetes syndrome was detected, in a consanguineous family with a complex obesity phenotype, caused by a homozygous truncating mutation of the CPE gene (c.76_98del; p.Glu26ArgfsX68).
S1-5: Main electronic supplementaries from Carrying a selfish genetic element predicts increased migration propensity in free-living wild house mice
Creators: name: Jan-Niklas Runge
name: Lindholm, Anna K.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Full model outputs, extended model comparisons, and additional controlling variables.
Investigation of the nucleation of aluminium by atomic simulation
Creators: name: Wearing, David
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The aim of this project is to investigate the nucleation of aluminium off the substrate titanium diboride, by using surface and interfacial energies derived from Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, and bulk energies derived from thermodynamic data & theory, to calculate the total Gibbs energy change according to classical nucleation theory. It has been known for a long time that TiB2 particles are essential for the nucleation of aluminium in industry. However, the detailed mechanism of how TiB2 aids nucleation is still not known. In particular, it is not known why there needs to be excess dissolved Ti in the melt. Ground state DFT calculations are performed to calculate the interfacial energies of four different systems at 0K: TiB2(0001)//Al(111) and TiB2(0001)//Al3Ti(112), for both Ti and B terminations of TiB2. The DFT calculations for the TiB2//Al interfacial energies are improved over the existing literature results, due to the consideration of strain at the interface, while the TiB2//Al3Ti interfacial energies have not been calculated anywhere else. The DFT results are augmented with thermodynamic data and classical nucleation theory to compare the Gibbs energy of formation of solid on the TiB2 substrate occurring via each of these 4 systems, as a function of titanium concentration in the melt. Thus an evaluation of the comparative likelihoods of the four candidate mechanisms for the nucleation of aluminium is made. Finally, the surface and interfacial energies of the TiB2(0001)//Al(111) systems are investigated at finite temperature, using Density Functional Perturbation Theory under the harmonic approximation, to take account of the vibrational phonon energies occurring at finite temperature. The temperature dependent interfacial energies of TiB2(0001)//Al(111) are estimated, and used to refine the evaluation of the nucleation mechanism of aluminium.
A portable muon telescope based on small and gas-tight Resistive Plate Chambers
Creators: name: Wuyckens, Sophie
name: Giammanco, Andrea
name: Demin, Pavel
name: Gil, Eduardo Cortina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first steps in the development of a small-size muon telescope based on glass Resistive Plate Chambers with small active area ($16\times 16~{\rm cm}^2$). The long-term goal of this project is to focus on applications of muography where the telescope may have to be operated underground and/or inside small rooms, and in challenging logistic situations. Driving principles in our design are therefore compact size, light weight, gas tightness, and robustness. The first data-taking experiences have been encouraging, and we elaborate on the lessons learnt and future directions for development.
description: Proceedings of the "Cosmic-Ray Muography" meeting of the Royal Society, 14-15 May 2018 at the Kavli Royal Society Centre, Chicheley Hall, Newport Pagnell (UK)
Microfluidic biosensor systems for real-time in vivo clinical bioanalysis
Creators: name: Gowers, Sally
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The aim of this thesis was to develop online biosensing systems for dialysate tissue metabo- lite detection in real time, to provide an insight into the health of tissue in various in vivo applications. An autocalibration system was developed using LabSmith programmable components to improve the accuracy of results obtained over long monitoring times. A method of col- lecting dialysate into storage tubes for online analysis while retaining temporal resolution was developed and validated. Microfluidic biosensor systems were developed for online measurement of glucose and lactate. One approach employed the use of biosensors, using a combined needle electrode with enzyme encapsulated in a hydrogel layer. The dynamic range of the biosensors was extended by adding an outer polyurethane layer. An alternative approach used automated syringe pumps and valves to develop a microfluidic system for in-flow enzyme addition to the dialysate stream. The existing rsMD system was applied for detection of tissue ischaemia during and after free flap surgery, by measuring dialysate glucose and lactate levels in real time. The system was able to detect flap failure, both during surgery and afterwards in the intensive therapy unit (ITU), much earlier than traditional methods. The rsMD system was adapted to enable monitoring of lactate levels in two dialysate streams and was applied for monitoring isolated porcine kidneys during two methods of cold preservation and subsequent re-warming. Significant differences in the lactate concentrations were observed between the two techniques. The system was extended for use with human transplant kidneys and with both porcine and human pancreases. A novel 3D printed wearable biosensor system was developed for direct integration with a clinical microdialysis probe. The system considerably improved the lag time and dispersional smearing compared with the existing rsMD system. The device was used in a proof-of-concept study with wireless potentiostats to monitor cyclists during exercise.
Foreword
Creators: name: Westgeest, Nora
name: Kors, Isolde
Publisher: name: Self-Published
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Marginality, Social, in art

description: In the foreword to this issue, editors-in-chief Nora Westgeest and Isolde Kors discuss the importance of listening to marginalized voices and reading between the lines, while also introducing the articles making up this issue.
Die Russische Freiwillige Westarmee in Kurland 1919. Regionale Besatzungspraxis im Spannungsfeld zwischen Imperialismus und Selbstbestimmung
Creators: name: Rettig, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2024

description: .
description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 73 Nr. 1 (2024)
Carex brehmeri Boeckeler, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst.
Creators: name: Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro
name: Alegría-Olivera, J. José
name: Beltrán, Hamilton W.
name: Cano, Asunción
name: Granda-Paucar, Arturo
name: Maldonado Fonkén, Mónica S.
name: Riva-Regalado, Sebastián
name: Ruthsatz, Barbara
name: Escudero, Marcial
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Cyperaceae
Carex
Carex brehmeri

description: Carex brehmeri Boeckeler, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 2: 190. 1896.
Lectotype (designated by Jiménez-Mejías et al. 2016a): BOLIVIA. Larecaja, vicinis Sorata, Cochipata, 3200 m, Dec 1884, G. Mandon 1427 (NY barcode 00011459!; isolectotypes: MICH barcode 1109115!, NY barcode 00011460!).
Material studied. PERU. Cajamarca: Cajamarca, Quebrada Pampa Larga, al Norte de las Minas Yanacocha, 4950 m, 5 Mar 1994, I. Sánchez & M. Cabanillas 6829 (CPUN-12486).
Notes: Specimens cited here, belonging to section Phacocystis, are dwarf sedges with stems much shorter than the leaves. Carex sect. Phacocystis was previously unrecorded from Peru and has a quite confusing taxonomy in South America that has often led to wrong taxonomic determinations and misapplication of names, e.g. see the cases of C. azuayae Steyerm. and C. enneastachya C.B. Clarke in Wheeler (1998), and C. decidua Boott and C. brehmeri in Dragon and Barrington (2009). While more biosystematic data is available, we consider that the application of the name C. brehmeri to these dwarf plants is the best possible solution (see also the record of C. brehmeri in Jiménez-Mejías et al. 2016a).
There is a discrepancy between the altitude indicated in the protologue (“3100”) by Boeckeler (1896) and that provided on the type collection labels (“3200”). Beyond that, the specimens selected as types are certainly original materials of C. brehmeri.
description: Published as part of Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro, Alegría-Olivera, J. José, Beltrán, Hamilton W., Cano, Asunción, Granda-Paucar, Arturo, Maldonado Fonkén, Mónica S., Riva-Regalado, Sebastián, Ruthsatz, Barbara & Escudero, Marcial, 2020, Chorological and nomenclatural notes on Peruvian Carex (Cyperaceae), pp. 63-69 in Caldasia 42 (1) on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v42n1.76771, http://zenodo.org/record/15265307
Chaos, Diffusivity, and Spreading of Entanglement in Magnetic Branes, and the Strengthening of the Internal Interaction
Creators: name: Ávila, Daniel
name: Jahnke, Viktor
name: Patiño, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use holographic methods to study several chaotic properties of a super Yang-Mills theory at temperature $T$ in the presence of a background magnetic field of constant strength $\mathcal{B}$. The field theory we work on has a renormalization flow between a fixed point in the ultraviolet and another in the infrared, occurring in such a way that the energy at which the crossover takes place is a monotonically increasing function of the dimensionless ratio $\mathcal{B}/T^2$. By considering shock waves in the bulk of the dual gravitational theory, and varying $\mathcal{B}/T^2$, we study how several chaos-related properties of the system behave while the theory they live in follows the renormalization flow. In particular, we show that the entanglement and butterfly velocities generically increase in the infrared theory, violating the previously suggested upper bounds but never surpassing the speed of light. We also investigate the recent proposal relating the butterfly velocity with diffusion coefficients. We find that electric diffusion constants respect the lower bound proposed by Blake. All our results seam to consistently indicate that the global effect of the magnetic field is to strengthen the internal interaction of the system.
description: 49 pages, 17 figures
Gravitational Lensing and Anisotropies of CBR on the Small Angular Scales
Creators: name: Liu, J. M.
name: Gao, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of gravitational lensing, produced by linear density perturbations, for anisotropies of the Cosmic Background Radiation (CBR) on scales of arcminutes. In calculations, a flat universe ($Ω=1$) and the Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum ($n=1$) are assumed. The numerical results show that on scales of a few arcminutes, gravitational lensing produces only negligible anisotropies in the temperature of the CBR. Our conclusion disagrees with that of Cayón {\it et al.} who argue that the amplification of $ΔT/T$ on scales $\le 3'$ may even be larger than 100\%.
description: Accepted by MNRAS. 16 pages, 2 figures, tarred, compressed and uuencoded Postscript files
randomized equivalence study evaluating the efficacy of two commercially available teat sealants in dairy cows
Creators: name: Buckley, Michelle P.
name: Bayne, Jenna
name: Tomazi, Tiago
name: Miller, Brian E.
name: Godden, Sandra M.
name: Silva, Gustavo S.
name: Gorden, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2023
Subjects: dry cow therapy
intramammary infections
bovine mastitis
teat sealant

description: Use of internal teat sealants is common in the U.S. to prevent new intramammary infections during the dry period. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a new internal teat sealant containing bismuth subnitrate (SOa) to the first product introduced to the U.S. dairy industry (ORBb). The hypothesis was completed using a multi-site randomized, positively controlled equivalence evaluation of new intramammary infection risk difference over the dry period. At dry-off, milk samples were collected for culture and then cloxacillin benzathinec was administered, followed by the randomly assigned internal teat sealant (SO = 404 cows; ORB = 418 cows). After calving, repeat milk samples were collected. The effect of treatment on quarter-level new intramammary infection risk, cured intramammary infection risk, and risk of presence of intramammary infection post-calving was determined using generalized linear mixed models. The effects of treatment on cow-level outcomes, including incidence of clinical mastitis, culling and death, and performance in early lactation based on test-day milk production and somatic cell count, were also evaluated. The dry period new intramammary infection adjusted risk difference (SO minus ORB) was -1.60% (95% CI -5.62, 2.42). Final models demonstrated that there was no difference in risk rates of quarter-level outcomes between treatment groups. Analysis of cow-level factors, including clinical mastitis, culling and death rate within the first 120 DIM, also revealed no differences. Results of this study indicate that SO was equivalent to ORB for dry period new intramammary infection risk when utilizing blanket dry cow therapy.
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 57 No. 2 (2023)
Characterisation of self-guided laser wakefield accelerators to multi-GeV energies
Creators: name: Poder, Kristjan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: This thesis details experimental and theoretical work in the field of self-guided laser wakefield accelerators, characterising various aspects of the machine related to the driver laser and electron beam generation. The spectral changes to the laser pulse driving a laser wakefield accelerator were characterised. It was found that the spectral blueshift is directly correlated to the length of the plasma cavity. Spectral phase changes of the driver pulse were measured to dramatically alter the interaction. Positive second order spectral phase was measured to increase electron beam energy, its charge and the spectral blueshifting undergone by the driver pulse. The suppression of self-injection in laser wakefield accelerators operating in the highly non-linear bubble regime was observed. The use of ionisation impurity to pre-inject electrons into the plasma cavity was measured to alter the fundamental properties of the electron beam. Through particle-in-cell simulations it was shown that this effect arises from the repulsive electrostatic force from the beam load, preventing sufficient transverse momentum gain of sheath electrons. Record electron beam energies of nearly 3 GeV were measured in the self-injecting, self-guiding regime of laser wakefield accelerators. These results were obtained at higher than expected plasma densities and are thought to be a direct result of increased energy coupling due to the use of a much longer main focussing optic. Very stable injection in the self-injection regime was observed allowing for experimental measurements of peak accelerating field within the bubble. The field E = (590 ± 180) GV/m is the highest value of the electric field reported. The efficacy and long-term stability of self-guided, self-injecting laser wakefield electron acceleration was evaluated. Highest sustained laser energy to electron beam energy conversion efficiency of nearly 3% was measured. It was also shown the self-injection yields higher overall efficiencies than ionisation induced injection. Stability of injection and acceleration over more than half a thousand consecutive shots was studied and found to be directly dependent on the stability of the driving laser.
Dense gas kinematics and a narrow filament in the Orion A OMC1 region using NH3
Creators: name: Monsch, Kristina
name: Pineda, Jaime E.
name: Liu, Hauyu Baobab
name: Zucker, Catherine
name: Chen, Hope How-Huan
name: Pattle, Kate
name: Offner, Stella S. R.
name: Di Francesco, James
name: Ginsburg, Adam
name: Ercolano, Barbara
name: Arce, Héctor G.
name: Friesen, Rachel
name: Kirk, Helen
name: Caselli, Paola
name: Goodman, Alyssa A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present combined observations of the NH3 (J,K) = (1,1) and (2,2) inversion transitions towards OMC1 in Orion A obtained by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and the 100 m Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT). With an angular resolution of 6" (0.01 pc), these observations reveal with unprecedented detail the complex filamentary structure extending north of the active Orion BN/KL region in a field covering 6' x 7'. We find a 0.012 pc wide filament within OMC1, with an aspect ratio of ~37:1, that was missed in previous studies. Its orientation is directly compared to the relative orientation of the magnetic field from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope BISTRO survey in Orion A. We find a small deviation of ~11 deg between the mean orientation of the filament and the magnetic field, suggesting that they are almost parallel to one another. The filament's column density is estimated to be 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than the filaments studied with Herschel and is possibly self-gravitating given the low values of turbulence found. We further produce maps of the gas kinematics by forward modeling the hyperfine structure of the NH3 (J,K) = (1,1) and (2,2) lines. The resulting distribution of velocity dispersions peaks at ~0.5 km/s, close to the subsonic regime of the gas. This value is about 0.2 km/s smaller than previously measured in single-dish observations of the same region, suggesting that higher angular and spectral resolution observations will identify even lower velocity dispersions that might reach the subsonic turbulence regime in dense gas filaments.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. The combined data cubes of the NH3 (1,1) and (2,2) transitions as well as the resulting parameter maps are provided as FITS-files on Harvard Dataverse (https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/QLD7TC); updated references
Evaluation of the treatment efficacy of generic enrofloxacin compared to pioneer enrofloxacin for first treatment of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease in a commercial feedlot
Creators: name: Theurer, Miles E.
name: Fox, Trent
name: Newberry, Jessica R.
name: Payot, Fabrice
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2023
Subjects: BRD
dairy-beef cross
enrofloxacin
generic

description: The primary objective of this study was to compare the treatment effectiveness of generic enrofloxacin (Tenotryl™ (enrofloxacin) injectable solution; TEN) to pioneer enrofloxacin (Baytril® 100; BAY) for first treatment of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease (BRD) on subsequent health outcomes in a commercial feedlot. Five hundred cattle identified with BRD by pen riders with rectal temperature ≥ 104.0°F (40°C) were randomized to TEN or the BAY in a 1:1 ratio within each lot. Cattle treated for BRD were returned to their home pen and monitored for 60 days to observe subsequent health outcomes. Cattle were categorized by type (dairy-beef cross or traditional beef breed). General and generalized linear mixed models were used for statistical analyses. There were no differences in first treatment success (64.29% vs 58.16%; P = 0.19) or case fatality risk (10.97% vs 10.65%; P = 0.91) comparing the TEN group to the BAY group respectively. Traditional beef breed cattle had greater body weight at time of enrollment (890.3 lb vs 749.1 lb; P < 0.01) and greater third treatment success (84.44% vs 41.67%; P < 0.01) compared to the dairy-beef cross cattle. There were no differences in health outcomes in cattle administered Tenotryl compared to Baytril 100 for first treatment of BRD in commercial feedlot cattle. From an efficacy perspective, practitioners should be able to use these products interchangeably based upon the results of the study. Additional research on general animal health outcomes of dairy-beef crosses is needed for the industry.
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 57 No. 2 (2023)
Biomimetic nanoscale systems for pH-triggered intracellular drug delivery
Creators: name: Chen, Siyuan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Efficient intracellular delivery remains a major challenge for non-viral delivery systems. Insufficient endosomal escape leads to enzymatic degradation of bioactive compounds in lysosomes. This thesis presents the work involving the development of a series of biomimetic nanoscale systems for pH-triggered intracellular drug delivery. A novel multifunctional liposomal delivery platform has been developed to resemble the structural and functional traits of an influenza virus via surface modification of cholesterol-containing liposomes with L-phenylalanine grafted poly(L-lysine isophthalamide) (PLP). Desirable pH-triggered liposomal release behavior was achieved by controlling key parameters. The pH-triggered, reversible liposomal size change was observed and the release mechanism was elucidated. The endosomal-escape ability, intracellular delivery efficiency and cytotoxicity of this system loaded with an anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), were further evaluated and compared to conventional liposomes and free drugs. A library of novel, pH-responsive, comb-like polymers were synthesized by grafting PLP with different lengthed alkyl chains which act as membrane anchors. The effects of the hydrophobic alkyl side chains on pH-responsive aqueous solution properties, cell membrane destabilization activity and in vitro cytotoxicity were investigated. The optimal polymer was almost non-hemolytic at pH 7.4, but induced nearly complete destabilization of red blood cell membrane at endosomal pH. The mechanism of membrane destabilization was investigated. The optimal comb-like pseudopeptidic polymer displayed a superior endosomal-escape ability to release endocytosed materials into the cytoplasm of various cell lines compared to its parent polymer PLP. When the extracellular environment was mildly acidic, the intracellular delivery was considerably enhanced. The effect of side chain length, polymer concentration, treatment time, extracellular pH, serum and payload size on the delivery efficiency were systemically investigated. A variety of cell types, including stem cells and multidrug resistant cell line, were employed to explore its wide applicability in drug delivery. The optimal membrane-anchoring, comb-like polymer was further employed to develop a novel multifunctional liposomal delivery platform. The pH-responsive hybrid liposomes were characterized and their pH-dependent drug release profiles were examined. The intracellular delivery of DOX-loaded multifunctional liposomes and their cytotoxic effects toward four different cancer cell lines were evaluated.
The Metallicity Dependence of the CO-to-H$_2$ Conversion Factor from Observations of Local Group Galaxies
Creators: name: Wilson, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution CO maps of 9 molecular clouds in IC 10 are combined with the new measurement of the distance to this nearby metal poor galaxy to measure accurately the CO-to-H2 conversion factor. The result for IC 10 is combined with published data for four other Local Group galaxies (M31, M33, NGC 6822, the SMC) to trace the dependence of the CO-to-H2 conversion factor on oxygen abundance. These data show conclusively that the CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor increases as the metallicity of the host galaxy decreases, with the conversion factor increasing by a factor of 4.6 for a factor of 10 decrease in metallicity.
description: 16 pages (including 2 figures), uuencoded compressed postscript file. Accepted in ApJ Letters
Canis hyaena Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis hyaena

description: Canis hyaena [spec. nov.]
C. cauda recta annulata, pilis cervicis erectis, auriculis nudis. Syst. nat. 5.
Lupus marinus. Bellon. aquat. 33. t. 34. Jonst. quadr. t. 57. Gesn. quadr. 674.
Taxus porcinus s. Hyaena veterum. Kaemph. amoen. 411. t. 407. f. 4.
Habitat in India.
Magnitudo Suis, Pili dorsi subspithamaei, erecti, apicibus nigris. Oculi rostro propinquiores. Auriculae nudae. Cauda annulis nigricantibus verticillata; crura annulis nigris variegata. Striae corporis fuscae & nigrae, transversales, a dorso ad ventrem ductae.
Excavat terram degitque in antris, diutius sine cibo vivit, in humana cadavera saevit, quae e tumulis effodit, coemiteriis infesta.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 40, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Side of chute and handedness does not affect the sensitivity of Tritrichomonas foetus sample collection in bulls
Creators: name: Koziol, Jennifer H.
name: Gibbons, Pippa M.S.
name: Fritzler, Jason M.
name: Boggan, SaraBeth
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2023
Subjects: bull
Tritrichomonas foetus
trich
sampling
bovine

description: Tritrichomonas foetus, a sexually transmitted pathogen of cattle, continues to plague the cattle industry despite control efforts. Pre-analytical diagnostic considerations such as sample collection and sample handling continue to be a shortcoming in the diagnosis of T. foetus in bulls. Preputial scraping is the most common means of sample collection. Previous studies have shown an effect of handedness of the sample collector and the side of the chute that collection was made from as factors that affected the diagnostic sensitivity of the test. The aim of our study was to determine if being right or left-handed and the side of the chute the collection occurred on impacted the diagnostic sensitivity or specificity. Eleven sexually mature bulls naturally infected with T. foetus were enrolled in a 2-factor cross-over study design. Samples were taken once a week for 8 weeks by either a right-handed or left-handed veterinarian from either the left then the right side of the chute or right then left side of the chute, only using their dominant hand to make the scraping motion used to obtain the sample. Utilizing a 2-way ANOVA, we found no significant difference in the chance of acquiring a positive sample per bull (P = 0.8708) regardless of whether the sample was taken from the right or left side of the chute and regardless of dominant hand. In conclusion, using current RT-qPCR methods, the authors found no effect of handedness or side of chute on diagnostic sensitivity.


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 57 No. 2 (2023)
Canis lagopus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis lagopus

description: Canis lagopus [spec. nov.]
C. cauda recta: apice concolore. Syst. nat. 5.
Vulpes alba. Kalm. bahus. 236.
Vulpes caerulescens. Faun. Suec. 14.
Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Sibiria.
Pedes densissime pilosi ut in Lepore.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 40, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Analysis of published and clinical sample data to develop new ranges of liver and blood concentrations of vitamin A for diagnosis of vitamin A deficiency in cattle
Creators: name: Villar, David
name: Schaeffer, David J.
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2023
Subjects: vitamin A deficiency
cattle
guidelines
regression models

description: In cattle, liver stores of vitamin A (VA) maintain blood VA concentrations until liver supplies are nearly exhausted, pro­viding VA to tissues during insufficient dietary intake. There­fore, normal blood levels do not indicate adequate VA, but low blood levels indicate a deficiency. We hypothesized that previous diagnostic criteria for VA deficiency needed updating and that blood levels of VA could be used as indicators of liver VA deficiency. We performed multiple regressions of paired blood and liver sample data from published experimental and field case reports of VA deficiency in cattle to demonstrate this. We fitted various models using data from unpaired clini­cal samples submitted to the Iowa State University Diagnostic Laboratory by comparing fractiles of liver and plasma/serum samples. Using these relationships, we propose new ranges for severely deficient, deficient, marginal and adequate, and we also propose that blood samples alone can be used to di­agnose deficiency in the presence of clinical signs of VA defi­ciency. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories can use this infor­mation to better estimate serum and liver VA concentrations for unpaired data and recommend to cattle practitioners the status of VA in their herds.
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 57 No. 2 (2023)
Can precessing jets explain the light curves of Gamma-ray Bursts?
Creators: name: Zwart, Simon Portegies
name: Lee, Chang-Hwan
name: Lee, Hyun Kyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a phenomenological model to explain the light curves of gamma-ray bursts. In the model a black hole is orbited by a precessing accretion disc which is fed by a neutron star. Gamma-rays are produced in a highly collimated beam via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. The gamma-ray beam sweeps through space due to the precession of the slaved accretion disc. The light curve expected from such a precessing luminosity cone can explain the complex temporal behavior of observed bright gamma-ray bursts.
description: Apj in press: 25 pages, 16 figures
Landverteilung und lokale Volksherrschaft als Staatsräson. Die Republika Tarnobrzeska 1918–1919
Creators: name: Buchen, Tim
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2024

description: .
description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 73 Nr. 1 (2024)
The Star Formation Histories and Efficiencies of Two Giant HII Regions in M33
Creators: name: Wilson, C. D.
name: Matthews, B. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $UBV$ photometry is used to re-identify the OB associations which power the two most luminous HII regions in M33, NGC 604 and NGC 595. There is a significant difference (2-3 Myr) in the ages of the most recent star formation episode in these two regions, while NGC 595 also has undergone a prior episode of star formation (10-15 Myr ago). These data, combined with the presence of molecular clouds in the heart of NGC 604, suggest that molecular clouds may survive at least one intense episode of massive star formation. The star formation efficiencies (mass of stars per mass of gas) of these two HII regions are up to a factor of 3 larger than the average efficiency in the inner disk of M33 or in Galactic molecular clouds, but are still only 2-5\%.
description: 26 pages including 2 figures, uuencoded compressed postscript file (Figure 1 not available electronically). Accepted to ApJ
Exploring allostery in proteins with graph theory
Creators: name: Amor, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Allostery is the regulation of a protein's activity through a perturbation at a location distant from its active site. Such regulation is central to many biochemical processes. Targeting allosteric sites with drugs promises to allow fine-tuning of protein activity. However, proteins are complex systems composed of thousands of atoms interacting over multiple temporal and spatial scales. Direct observation of the non-equilibrium response of proteins to allosteric perturbations is still a major challenge. This limits our understanding of how the signal induced by the perturbation propagates across the protein and hampers our ability to predict the location of novel allosteric sites. Graph theory provides a way of representing proteins in a reduced form that still captures the full complexity of their underlying physico-chemical interactions. In this thesis, we develop a number of novel graph-theoretic methods for analysing allosteric behaviour. We start by constructing an atomistic, energy-weighted graph representation of a protein. We then use the behaviour of dynamic processes on this graph to explore how signals propagate within the protein. We use three distinct, but related methods. Markov stability identifies hierarchical community structure in the graph; Markov transients identifies anisotropic pathways of flow; and our bond-bond propensity measure quantifies the effect of instantaneous bond fluctuations propagating through the protein. These methods are applied to a number of biologically important allosteric proteins. Markov stability identifies dynamic coupling between the active and allosteric sites in caspase-1. The pathways involved in this coupling are revealed by combining a Markov transients analysis with computational mutagenesis. In caspase-1, CheY and h-Ras, the bond-bond propensity correctly predicts the location of the allosteric site and identifies key allosteric interactions. Evaluating the Markov transients and bond-bond propensity methods against a larger set of allosteric proteins, we demonstrate that these measures are good predictors of a site's allosteric propensity.
Planning rehabilitation after orthopaedic surgery for cerebral palsy
Creators: name: Kerr, Claire
Publisher: name: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
Year: 2018
Subjects: Health Sciences

description: Who is the booklet for? This booklet is for children with CP and their families for whom a decision to undertake lower limb orthopaedic surgery has been confirmed.

What is the booklet about? The booklet addresses some of the questions that children and families may have about rehabilitation after their surgery. It covers five key areas: (1) you and your body, (2) getting home, (3) school, (4) recovery and rehabilitation and, (5) what happens when things don’t go to plan? It also has space for families to note the names and contact details of their healthcare teams and support services, and space for notes, questions and information about rehabilitation.
Why was the booklet written? People with CP and their families told us that they often feel under-prepared for rehabilitation and recovery following surgery. They felt that highlighting and planning for potential changes in day-to-day activities and therapy after their surgery would result in a better experience of surgery and rehabilitation.
What is the aim of the booklet? The booklet aims to help children and families prepare for rehabilitation after surgery. It is intended as a resource to help children and families discuss what happens after they have lower limb orthopaedic surgery and what their needs are likely to be – both within their family, but also with their healthcare teams in the hospital and community. When should it be provided? The booklet should be provided after a decision to operate has been made, and the goals of surgery discussed with the family.
Who should provide the booklet? The booklet can be provided by any member of the child’s healthcare team. We anticipate that the majority of families will receive the booklet from their hospital surgical/therapy team.
How might the booklet be used? Families may find it useful to take the booklet with them to hospital and therapy appointments to help remind them of specific questions that they might wish to discuss with their child’s team. Families may also find it useful to note information specific to their child in the booklet for reflection and discussion within the family outside of hospital and therapy appointments.
The booklet is not a patient-held medical record or rehabilitation plan. It is important to note that the booklet does not constitute individualised medical advice – it is a generic resource that broadly addresses questions raised by people with CP and their families. We hope that it will prompt discussion between families and their healthcare teams and facilitate successful rehabilitation planning.
Semiclassical trace formula for truncated spherical well potentials: Toward the analyses of shell structures in nuclear fission processes
Creators: name: Arita, Ken-ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trace formulas for the contributions of degenerate periodic-orbit families to the semiclassical level density in truncated spherical hard-wall potentials are derived. In addition to the portion of the continuous periodic-orbit family contribution which persists after truncation, end-point corrections to the truncated family should be taken into account. I propose a formula to evaluate these end-point corrections as separate contributions of what I call marginal orbits. Applications to the two-dimensional billiard and three-dimensional cavity systems with the three-quadratic-surfaces shape parametrization, initiated to describe the nuclear fission processes, reveal unexpectedly large effects of the marginal orbits.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures, published version
Comparison of electronic nose and conventional cow-side diagnostic tools for detection of ketosis in early lactation dairy cows
Creators: name: Schelkopf, Conrad S.
name: Apley, Michael D.
name: Lubbers, Brian V.
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2023
Subjects: ketosis
dairy cattle
diagnostic test
electronic nose

description: Rapid diagnosis of ketosis in dairy cows is imperative for treatment and managing economic losses. Cow-side ketosis diagnostic tools are greatly needed. The objective of this study was to compare three tools for the detection of ketosis, using serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) as the gold standard. The di­agnostic tools tested were: (1) Precision Xtra® handheld blood ketone meter, (2) ReliOn® urine ketone test strip, and (3) Cyra­nose 320® electronic nose (eNose) for use on milk and urine. Dairy cows (n = 60) were sampled immediately post-calving. Whole blood, serum, milk, and urine were collected and ana­lyzed on the same day. Each modality was compared to BHB to determine sensitivity and specificity. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated across a range of ketosis, consistent with reported prevalence (10-35%) in U.S. dairy operations. Urine ketone strips provided the highest specificity (99.2%), yet low sensitivity (58.6%). The Precision Xtra demonstrated adequate sensitivity (93.8%) and specificity (92.9%). The eNose had substandard sensitivity and specificity when used on milk (Sn: 58.8%; Sp: 44.3%) and urine (Sn: 18.8%%; Sp: 80.6%) compared to the other modalities. Al­though the actual predictive values change with prevalence, urine ketone test strips had the highest PPV (89.5-97.6%) and Precision Xtra had the highest NPV (99.3-96.5%) across all simulated ketosis prevalences. Both urine ketone test strips and the Precision Xtra are adequate cow-side ketosis detection tools. Further optimization of the eNose is needed before de­ployment as a field diagnostic tool.
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 57 No. 2 (2023)