cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Coupled-Oscillators Model to Analyze the Interaction between a Quartz Resonator and Trapped Ions
Creators: name: Altozano, Emilio
name: Berrocal, Joaquín
name: Lohse, Steffen
name: Domínguez, Francisco
name: Block, Michael
name: García-Ripoll, Juan José
name: Rodríguez, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The novel application of a piezoelectric quartz resonator for the detection of trapped ions has developed in the observation of the quartz-ions interaction under non-equilibrium conditions, opening new perspectives for high-sensitive motional frequency measurements of radioactive particles. Energized quartz crystals have (long) constant-decay times in the order of milliseconds, permitting the coherent detection of charged particles within short times. In this publication we develop in detail a model governing the interaction between trapped $^{40}$Ca$^+$ ions and a quartz resonator connected to a low-noise amplifier. We apply this model to experimental data and extract relevant information like the coupling constant $g=2π\times 1.449(2)$~Hz and the ions' modified-cyclotron frequency in our 7-tesla Penning trap. The study on the latter is specially important for the use of this resonator in precision Penning-trap mass spectrometry. The improvement in sensitivity can be accomplished by increasing the coupling constant through the quality factor of the resonator. This can develop in the use of the hybrid quartz-ion system for other applications.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Poorest in the West: Probing Haiti’s Image in the Wake of the 2008 Hurricane Season
Creators: name: Cooke, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Hurricane damage
Biomass energy
Sustainable development
Environmental economics
Sustainability
Natural resources—Management

description: In the fall of 2008, Haiti was hit by a series of tropical storms that caused widespread flooding, hundreds of deaths, and costly damage to farm fields, roads, and buildings. Although a portion of the destruction is attributable to the vagaries of nature, the extent of the devastation and the frequency of such events in Haiti lead to deeper questions about the history of environmental degradation and the failure of development efforts in the country. Internal corruption and external profiteering have each played a role in the country’s economic and environmental collapse since its independence over 200 years ago. Currently, most investors have been scared away by Haiti’s precarious political state while many non-profit organizations have adopted a narrow focus on surface issues. The failure to address the root causes of environmental destruction in Haiti has resulted in repeated disasters that destroy any development progress made during the intervening years. This report examines Haiti’s past and future in light of the author’s experiences in Gonaives during the 2008 hurricane season. It also introduces the work of two organizations—one non-profit and one for-profit—that are striving to reshape Haiti’s image through integrated economic and environmental reforms.
Additional file 1 of Factors influencing specialty choice and the effect of recall bias on findings from Irish medical graduates: a cross-sectional, longitudinal study
Creators: name: Cronin, Frances M.
name: Clarke, Nicholas
name: Hendrick, Louise
name: Conroy, Ronan
name: Brugha, Ruairi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. All specialty categories collapsed into HSE NDTP specialty categories.
Food Deserts: A Global Crisis in New York City
Creators: name: Segal, Adi Y.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Food security
Nutrition
Public health
Social sciences--Research

description: This paper discusses the global issue of inner city food deserts. These are areas in which healthy and affordable food options are not available. Research has shown that a lack of nutrition leads to further health problems, cognitive gaps, and unpromising trajectories. Here, past research is analyzed and current programs are evaluated. This article focuses on food deserts in New York City, specifically in Harlem. Some field research is also included. Following a detailed review of the situation, practical recommendations are made to alleviate this crisis.
Mahonian and Euler-Mahonian statistics for set partitions
Creators: name: Liu, Shao-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A18, 05A05, 05A19

description: A partition of the set $[n]:=\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ is a collection of disjoint nonempty subsets (or blocks) of $[n]$, whose union is $[n]$. In this paper we consider the following rarely used representation for set partitions: given a partition of $[n]$ with blocks $B_{1},B_{2},\ldots,B_{m}$ satisfying $\max B_{1}<\max B_{2}<\cdots<\max B_{m}$, we represent it by a word $w=w_{1}w_{2}\ldots w_{n}$ such that $i\in B_{w_{i}}$, $1\leq i\leq n$. We prove that the Mahonian statistics INV, MAJ, MAJ$_{d}$, $r$-MAJ, Z, DEN, MAK, MAD are all equidistributed on set partitions via this representation, and that the Euler-Mahonian statistics (des, MAJ), (mstc, INV), (exc, DEN), (des, MAK) are all equidistributed on set partitions via this representation.
OHS practitioners’ role in implementation of national OHS programmes
Creators: name: OLSEN, Kirsten
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: This paper examines occupational health and safety (OHS) practitioners’ role in implementation of national OHS programmes using an insurance incentive scheme based on levy reduction for organisations that meet an audit standard for OHS management system. Two hundred and three OHS practitioners responded to an internet based questionnaire about their tasks related to implementation of the scheme and the reasons for their organisations to join. OHS policies and procedures and influencing stakeholders to engage in OHS were a big part of their role. One of the main reasons for the organisations to join the scheme was the levy reduction.
Water Management in Seasonal Floodplains of the Mekong Delta: A case study from four villages in Cambodia and Vietnam
Creators: name: Werthmann, Christine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Right of property
Legal polycentricity
Water resources development--Management
Regional planning
Social sciences--Research

description: This paper will focus on issues that arise in the Lower Mekong region. Poverty is extremely high in the rural areas of Cambodia and Vietnam and access to natural resources and their sustainable management play a significant role in poverty reduction in both countries.

Institutional arrangements in four villages in the Lower Mekong area (2 in Vietnam, 2 in Cambodia) will be described. The region is characterized through various forms of institutions and different overlapping and changing property rights not only with historical, political and social-economical differences in Cambodia and Vietnam, but as well as with differences through seasonal changes. Furthermore, various groups have access to the resources and use them in various ways at different times, which give the water resource system a multiple use character. Although the four villages do face quite similar natural settings and in all villages people derive their livelihoods from fishing and rice farming, institutional arrangements differ between Vietnam and Cambodia as well between the villages with each having its own history of collective action and property rights settings.

This paper presents a situation analysis of the complex water management institutions in four villages, describing various factors that are crucial when examining local governance arrangements and their sustainability. Using Action Research in the field now helps to outline factors that make local institutions in each of the four villages unique as well as to attempt to generalize findings.

Conclusions will be that blue-print approaches to development can not be sustainable and successful, because local governance schemes differ, even in similar natural settings.
Defining the Middle Corona
Creators: name: West, Matthew J.
name: Seaton, Daniel B.
name: Wexler, David B.
name: Raymond, John C.
name: Del Zanna, Giulio
name: Rivera, Yeimy J.
name: Kobelski, Adam R.
name: DeForest, Craig
name: Golub, Leon
name: Caspi, Amir
name: Gilly, Chris R.
name: Kooi, Jason E.
name: Alterman, Benjamin L.
name: Alzate, Nathalia
name: Banerjee, Dipankar
name: Berghmans, David
name: Chen, Bin
name: Chitta, Lakshmi Pradeep
name: Downs, Cooper
name: Giordano, Silvio
name: Higginson, Aleida
name: Howard, Russel A.
name: Mason, Emily
name: Mason, James P.
name: Meyer, Karen A.
name: Nykyri, Katariina
name: Rachmeler, Laurel
name: Reardon, Kevin P.
name: Reeves, Katharine K.
name: Savage, Sabrina
name: Thompson, Barbara J.
name: Van Kooten, Samuel J.
name: Viall, Nicholeen M.
name: Vourlidas, Angelos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The middle corona, the region roughly spanning heliocentric altitudes from $1.5$ to $6\,R_\odot$, encompasses almost all of the influential physical transitions and processes that govern the behavior of coronal outflow into the heliosphere. Eruptions that could disrupt the near-Earth environment propagate through it. Importantly, it modulates inflow from above that can drive dynamic changes at lower heights in the inner corona. Consequently, this region is essential for comprehensively connecting the corona to the heliosphere and for developing corresponding global models. Nonetheless, because it is challenging to observe, the middle corona has been poorly studied by major solar remote sensing missions and instruments, extending back to the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO) era. Thanks to recent advances in instrumentation, observational processing techniques, and a realization of the importance of the region, interest in the middle corona has increased. Although the region cannot be intrinsically separated from other regions of the solar atmosphere, there has emerged a need to define the region in terms of its location and extension in the solar atmosphere, its composition, the physical transitions it covers, and the underlying physics believed to be encapsulated by the region. This paper aims to define the middle corona and give an overview of the processes that occur there.
description: Working draft prepared by the middle corona heliophysics working group
title: Jugend und Nachhaltigkeit
titleType: Other
title: Was die Next Generation mit Nachhaltigkeit  verbindet und wie sie sich engagiert
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Schneekloth, Ulrich
name: Rysina, Anna
name: Wolfert, Sabine
name: Langness, Anja
name: von Görtz, Regina
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Year: 2022
Subjects: Jugendliche
Nachhaltigkeit
Befragung
Soziales Engagement

description: Was verbinden junge Menschen mit dem Thema Nachhaltigkeit genau und inwieweit sind sie bereit, sich für dieses Thema persönlich als auch gesellschaftlich zu engagieren? Unsere repräsentative Befragung unter 16- bis 30-Jährigen gibt die Antwort.
Multipartite Nonlocality in Clifford Networks
Creators: name: Lamas, Amanda Gatto
name: Chitambar, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We adopt a resource-theoretic framework to classify different types of quantum network nonlocality in terms of operational constraints placed on the network. One type of constraint limits the parties to perform local Clifford gates on pure stabilizer states, and we show that quantum network nonlocality cannot emerge in this setting. Yet, if the constraint is relaxed to allow for mixed stabilizer states, then network nonlocality can indeed be obtained. We additionally show that bipartite entanglement is sufficient for generating all forms of quantum network nonlocality when allowing for post-selection, a property analogous to the universality of bipartite entanglement for generating all forms of multipartite entangled states.
description: 5+6 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; discussion about a unifying framework for the study of network nonlocality was added; updated version to match journal publication
Additional file 2 of Retrospective analysis of factors influencing the implementation of a program to address unprofessional behaviour and improve culture in Australian hospitals
Creators: name: Churruca, Kate
name: Westbrook, Johanna
name: Bagot, Kathleen L
name: McMullan, Ryan D
name: Urwin, Rachel
name: Cunningham, Neil
name: Mitchell, Rebecca
name: Hibbert, Peter
name: Sunderland, Neroli
name: Loh, Erwin
name: Taylor, Natalie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2.
The Plight of Green GDP in China
Creators: name: Chi, Ying F.
name: Rauch, Jason N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental responsibility
subject: National income--Accounting
subject: Environmental economics
subject: Economics
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: China’s decision in 2004 to implement and use “Green GDP (Gross Domestic Product)” to measure societal development created a fury of debate. Although endorsing the adoption of a national Green GDP at the Communist Party plenum reflected a political shift in priority towards a more environmentally sustainable economic model, Green GDP faced many challenges - challenges that other countries had discovered in their own pilot studies - that ultimately lead to the official demise of Green GDP accounting in China in 2009. This paper explores the challenges inherent in Green GDP implementation as illustrated by China’s experience in trying to implement this metric. Our analysis of the implications of such a framework results in recommendations for increasing the robustness of sustainability accounting systems. Though experiencing an initial aborted attempt, China can yet revive its development of Green GDP and/or other environmental accounting, as evidence mounts that it is nowhere more needed than in China for her pursuit of a more harmonious society.
Symmetric Volume Maps: Order-Invariant Volumetric Mesh Correspondence with Free Boundary
Creators: name: Abulnaga, S. Mazdak
name: Stein, Oded
name: Golland, Polina
name: Solomon, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although shape correspondence is a central problem in geometry processing, most methods for this task apply only to two-dimensional surfaces. The neglected task of volumetric correspondence--a natural extension relevant to shapes extracted from simulation, medical imaging, and volume rendering--presents unique challenges that do not appear in the two-dimensional case. In this work, we propose a method for mapping between volumes represented as tetrahedral meshes. Our formulation minimizes a distortion energy designed to extract maps symmetrically, i.e., without dependence on the ordering of the source and target domains. We accompany our method with theoretical discussion describing the consequences of this symmetry assumption, leading us to select a symmetrized ARAP energy that favors isometric correspondences. Our final formulation optimizes for near-isometry while matching the boundary. We demonstrate our method on a diverse geometric dataset, producing low-distortion matchings that align closely to the boundary.
description: Accepted to ACM Transactions on Graphics. Our code is available at https://github.com/mabulnaga/symmetric-volume-maps
A collective approach to reducing carbon dioxide emission: A case study of four University of Lagos Halls of residence
Creators: name: Abolarin, S. M.
name: Gbadegesin, A. O.
name: Shitta, M. B.
name: Yussuff, Abdulmutalib
name: Eguma, C. A.
name: Ehwerhemuepha, L.
name: Adegbenro, O.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Buildings--Energy conservation
Electric utilities--Energy conservation
Carbon dioxide mitigation
Climatic changes
Power resources
Sustainability

description: A major focus of existing literature on energy conservation is the modelling and quantification of energy savings and the corresponding carbon dioxide emissions from lightings. While many studies have established theoretical frameworks concerning these issues, very little documentation exists relating to energy savings and emission levels in students’ hostels. This paper considers the lighting efficiency improvement of four University of Lagos halls of residence for the purpose of quantifying energy saving and the minimization of carbon dioxide that can be made. Compact fluorescent lamps are considered alternatives to the current primary usage of conventional fluorescent and incandescent bulbs. The existing electricity consumption data obtained from energy audit are used in combination with conversion factors to estimate the annual CO2 contributed to the atmosphere by lighting in each of the buildings. The result of the study shows that over 45% reduction in carbon dioxide emission can be achieved. There is a lot individuals can do to reduce the emissions, for example, using energy saving appliances, turning off appliances when not in use, less use of fossil fuels, are simple measures that can be adopted to reduce annual carbon footprint, improve economic growth, enhance environment, health and save the planet.
Quantum Simulation of the Haldane Phase Using Trapped Ions
Creators: name: Cohen, Itsik
name: Retzker, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A proposal to use trapped ions to simulate spin-one XXZ antiferromagnetic (AFM) chains as an experimental tool to explore the Haldane phase is presented. We explain how to reach the Haldane phase adiabatically, demonstrate the robustness of the ground states to noise in the magnetic field and Rabi frequencies, and propose a way to detect them using their characterizations: an excitation gap and exponentially decaying correlations, a nonvanishing nonlocal string order and a double degenerate entanglement spectrum. Scaling up to higher dimensions and more frustrated lattices, we obtain richer phase diagrams, and we can reach spin liquid phase, which can be detected by its entanglement entropy which obeys the boundary law.
Additional file 1 of Choice across 10 pharmacologic combination strategies for type 2 diabetes: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Creators: name: Shuyan Gu
name: Lizheng Shi
name: Shao, Hui
name: Xiaoyong Wang
name: Xiaoqian Hu
name: Yuxuan Gu
name: Dong, Hengjin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Eligibility criteria. Table S2. Full electronic search strategy for PubMed. Table S3. Baseline characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis and indirect treatment comparison. Table S4. Framework for estimation of absolute treatment effects of glucose-lowering treatments based on meta-analysis and indirect treatment comparison. Table S5. Retail prices of the glucose-lowering drugs collected from government medicine purchase platform. Table S6. Treatment effects of glucose-lowering treatments and nonpharmacologic treatment in the scenario analyses. Table S7. Base-case results: cost-effectiveness of ten pharmacologic combination strategies and strategy ranking process based on the ICERs (per patient). Table S8. Detailed results for the ten pharmacologic combination strategies: base-case analysis. Fig. S1. PRISMA flow diagram of study selection. Fig. S2. Risk of bias graph. Fig. S3. The trajectories of HbA1c in ten pharmacologic combination strategies over time: base-case analysis. Fig. S4. The trajectories of cholesterol in ten pharmacologic combination strategies over time: base-case analysis. Fig. S5. The trajectories of weight in ten pharmacologic combination strategies over time: base-case analysis. Fig. S6. The trajectories of SBP in ten pharmacologic combination strategies over time: base-case analysis.
Additional file 3 of Retrospective analysis of factors influencing the implementation of a program to address unprofessional behaviour and improve culture in Australian hospitals
Creators: name: Churruca, Kate
name: Westbrook, Johanna
name: Bagot, Kathleen L
name: McMullan, Ryan D
name: Urwin, Rachel
name: Cunningham, Neil
name: Mitchell, Rebecca
name: Hibbert, Peter
name: Sunderland, Neroli
name: Loh, Erwin
name: Taylor, Natalie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3.
Perturbative evaluation of circular 1/2 BPS Wilson loops in N = 6 Super Chern-Simons theories
Creators: name: Griguolo, Luca
name: Martelloni, Gabriele
name: Poggi, Matteo
name: Seminara, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complete two-loop analysis of the quantum expectation value for circular BPS Wilson loops in ABJ(M) theories. We examine in details the 1/2 BPS case, that requires non-trivial fermionic couplings with the contour, finding perfect agreement with the exact matrix model answer at zero framing. The result is obtained through a careful application of DRED regularization scheme, combined with a judicious rearrangement of the relevant perturbative contributions that reduces the computation to simple integrals. We carefully analyze the contribution of fermions that is crucial for the consistency with the localization procedure and point out the arising of pivotal evanescent terms, discussing their meaning in relation to Ward identities.
description: 32 pages, 5 figures, Referemces added
Stochastic polynomial chaos expansions to emulate stochastic simulators
Creators: name: Zhu, X.
name: Sudret, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the context of uncertainty quantification, computational models are required to be repeatedly evaluated. This task is intractable for costly numerical models. Such a problem turns out to be even more severe for stochastic simulators, the output of which is a random variable for a given set of input parameters. To alleviate the computational burden, surrogate models are usually constructed and evaluated instead. However, due to the random nature of the model response, classical surrogate models cannot be applied directly to the emulation of stochastic simulators. To efficiently represent the probability distribution of the model output for any given input values, we develop a new stochastic surrogate model called stochastic polynomial chaos expansions. To this aim, we introduce a latent variable and an additional noise variable, on top of the well-defined input variables, to reproduce the stochasticity. As a result, for a given set of input parameters, the model output is given by a function of the latent variable with an additive noise, thus a random variable. In this paper, we propose an adaptive algorithm which does not require repeated runs of the simulator for the same input parameters. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the generalized lambda model and a state-of-the-art kernel estimator on two case studies in mathematical finance and epidemiology and on an analytical example whose response distribution is bimodal. The results show that the proposed method is able to accurately represent general response distributions, i.e., not only normal or unimodal ones. In terms of accuracy, it generally outperforms both the generalized lambda model and the kernel density estimator.
Innovation and Sustainable Development in Refugee Camps: Concrete Action: Twin-pit VIP latrine and large ferro-cement water tank
Creators: name: Kreuzer, Fabian Maximilian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Sanitation
Sustainable development
Refugee camps--Design and construction
Regional planning
Water resources development--Management

description: This paper researches the possibility to increase sustainable development in long-term protracted refugee situations and the work of UNHCR in applying technological innovations. As a case study, examples from the lessons learned in the Nepalese camps are given. The paper therefore refers to the comprehension of sustainable development by the Brundtland commission (NOT the meaning of durable solutions in UNHCR-terms). The areas of research are sanitation and water supply / storage where two innovations are examined, the twin-pit VIP latrine and the large ferro-cement water tank. In sum the researched innovations contributed through: (1) Economizing scarce (donor) resources as twin-pit VIP latrines may decrease costs up to ¼ of alternative options and ferro-cement water tanks can be constructed with low cost local material whereas plastic tanks need to be imported. (2) Improving social quality in the camps through lavatory facilities to be constructed for each family rather than a community to decrease sexual violence and increase dignity as well as water tanks involving the community in construction and maintenance thus providing employment rather than providing pre-constructed ones. Facilitating environmental protection as 1/10 less land is occupied with decomposition of latrine waste and ferro-cement water tanks can be used up to three times longer than other models.
Thus, the article intends to encourage scholars to make use of its findings and checklist in other areas with the same conditions. Findings may therefore be relevant for urban planning in slums and other extreme situations with heavy limited resources, but also engineers and other technical innovators who should consider the impact of their work concerning sustainable development.
Additional file 4 of Retrospective analysis of factors influencing the implementation of a program to address unprofessional behaviour and improve culture in Australian hospitals
Creators: name: Churruca, Kate
name: Westbrook, Johanna
name: Bagot, Kathleen L
name: McMullan, Ryan D
name: Urwin, Rachel
name: Cunningham, Neil
name: Mitchell, Rebecca
name: Hibbert, Peter
name: Sunderland, Neroli
name: Loh, Erwin
name: Taylor, Natalie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 4.
Drivers for leaders to achieve sustainable benefits from ergonomics interventions
Creators: name: Caple, David
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: Leaders of industry assess the outcomes of risk assessments from a holistic
perspective. Compliance with legislation is only one driver and the sustainable
interventions are those that bring productivity and quality benefits. A review of 10 Case studies where supply chains have successfully implemented sustainable risk reduction interventions found that reduction of OHS risk was a minor driver for success. The primary drivers related to the impact on process productivity and quality of the system. These case studies were undertaken in agriculture, construction and transport industry sectors. A further study involved consultations with 18 CEOs of multinational companies. They indicated that legislation played a minor consideration for addressing OHS risks. The primary drivers for the CEOs to allocate resources to safety were a fundamental concern for the safety of their people and a broader concern for the reputation of their company to be seen as a leader in safety. Another series of case studies with managers and worker representatives in the health sector indicated that sustainable implementation of risk reductions were problematic where clinical performance was perceived to be more important for feedback from medical managers than utilization of safety risk controls. The future challenges for ergonomists involve their understanding of the big picture of the industry sector and the drivers for their leaders to resource investment.
Tax Incentives and Foreign Direct Investment in South Africa
Creators: name: Kransdorff, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Tax incentives
Economic development
Investments, Foreign
Economics
International relations
Commerce

description: The disparity between rich and poor in South Africa is among the largest in the world. In response to these daunting development challenges, the government has adopted a locally and globally praised macro economic policy known as the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been identified as one of the key components required to stimulate economic growth—so much more so in a country like South Africa with sparse savings. Generous tax incentives are one of the most common policy instruments employed by governments, particularly those in the developing world, to attract much needed FDI. This report considers the importance of tax incentives as a determinant of FDI and their relevance for South Africa. An examination of the numerous studies (both qualitative and quantitative) on the effects of fiscal incentives on FDI reveals that although their influence is generally weak, they can under certain circumstances be a decisive factor in international investment decisions. When the investment fundamental of competing FDI locations are similar, the extent of the tax relief offered becomes an important consideration. Thus, given the uncompetitiveness of South Africa’s fiscal policies in comparison to those of similar emerging markets, tax incentives could be a possible remedy for the country’s FDI dearth.
Comparative analysis of direct and "step-by-step" Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation methods
Creators: name: Silenko, Alexander J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81-XX

description: Relativistic methods for the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation of the ``step-by-step'' type already at the first step give an expression for the Hamilton operator not coinciding with the exact result determined by the Eriksen method. The methods agree for the zeroth and first orders in the Planck constant terms but do not agree for the second and higher-order terms. We analyze the benefits and drawbacks of various methods and establish their applicability boundaries.
description: 20 pages
Promoting Social Dialogue in the Mining Sector in the State of Pará, Brazil
Creators: name: Cornejo, Noelia
name: Kells, Claire
name: De Zuñiga, Tania Ortiz
name: Roen, Stacey
name: Thompson, Brandon
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Aluminum mines and mining--Social aspects
subject: Social responsibility of business
subject: Industrial relations
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Social structure

description: In 2006 Instituto Observatório Social (IOS) and Centro de Estudos das Negociações Internacionais (CAENI) embarked on a research and field project to study the labor situation as well as the environmental impact of five aluminum companies in the north of Brazil. While preliminary findings indicated that companies adhered to labor laws and regulations and invested in technological improvements in order to tackle environmental issues, there remained significant resource inequalities across stakeholders in the aluminum value chain. Nevertheless, both local government and civil society often remained acquiescent to the status quo established by companies. IOS and CAENI identified a need for further research on the impact of mining and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices on local development and sustainability issues, as well as Brazil’s role in the global aluminum value chain. They invited a team of students from Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) to research the feasibility of a multi-stakeholder engagement or social dialogue, by studying and analyzing the aluminum value chain and performing a stakeholder mapping in the affected areas.
IOS/CAENI can act as a monitor of a social dialogue across the aluminum value chain in Brazil, and as such, help stakeholders to identify opportunities to maximize positive externalities across the aluminum value chain, while ensuring sustainable development. IOS/CAENI will be essential in bridging the informational gap existing between local and global networks, taking full advantage of the international projection of the aluminum value chain. Finally, the team hopes the different stakeholders will use this report as a strategy for building stakeholder engagement into their own analysis.
Automatically Extracting Instances of Code Change Patterns with AST Analysis
Creators: name: Martinez, Matias
name: Duchien, Laurence
name: Monperrus, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A code change pattern represents a kind of recurrent modification in software. For instance, a known code change pattern consists of the change of the conditional expression of an if statement. Previous work has identified different change patterns. Complementary to the identification and definition of change patterns, the automatic extraction of pattern instances is essential to measure their empirical importance. For example, it enables one to count and compare the number of conditional expression changes in the history of different projects. In this paper we present a novel approach for search patterns instances from software history. Our technique is based on the analysis of Abstract Syntax Trees (AST) files within a given commit. We validate our approach by counting instances of 18 change patterns in 6 open-source Java projects.
description: ICSM - 29th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (2013)
Detecting transcriptionally active regions using genomic tiling arrays
Creators: name: Halasz, Gabor
name: Van Batenburg, Marinus F.
name: Perusse, Joelle
name: Hua, Sujun
name: Lu, Xiang-Jun
name: White, Kevin P.
name: Bussemaker, Harmen J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Genetic transcription
subject: DNA probes
subject: Genomics
subject: DNA microarrays
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We have developed a method for interpreting genomic tiling array data, implemented as the program TranscriptionDetector. Probed loci expressed above background are identified by combining replicates in a way that makes minimal assumptions about the data. We performed medium-resolution Anopheles gambiae tiling array experiments and found extensive transcription of both coding and non-coding regions. Our method also showed improved detection of transcriptional units when applied to high-density tiling array data for ten human chromosomes.
Notes from the Millennium Villages Project
Creators: name: Bonds, Matt
name: Fraden, Max
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Sustainable development--International cooperation
Economic development projects
Economic development projects--International cooperation
Economic development projects--Case studies
Rural development projects
Sustainable development
Sustainability

description: Matt Bonds and Max Fraden document their experience unrolling a health insurance subsidization scheme in the Millennium Village in Mayenge, Rwanda. The Millennium Villages Project aims to achieve the eight Millennium Development Goals. These goals outline a global partnership to reduce extreme poverty with specific focuses on hunger, education, gender equality, health, and environmental sustainability. Matt and Max comment on critical lessons learned and observations on the field of sustainable development from their work in Rwanda.
Crystal structures of LaO1-xFxBiS2 (x~0.23, 0.46): effect of F doping on distortion of Bi-S plane
Creators: name: Miura, Akira
name: Nagao, Masanori
name: Takei, Takahiro
name: Watauchi, Satoshi
name: Tanaka, Isao
name: Kumada, Nobuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crystal structures of superconducting LaO1-xFxBiS2 (x ~ 0.23, 0.46) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Their space group was P4/nmm. Distortion of the Bi-S plane changed when the F content was increased from 0.23 to 0.46, and a nearly flat Bi-S plane was formed at x ~ 0.46. Computational calculations supported this effect of F doping on distortion of Bi-S plane. LaO1-xFxBiS2 with higher F contents were computationally predicted to be thermodynamically more unstable under ambient pressure. We discussed the bonding, conductivities, and synthetic routes of LaO1-xFxBiS2.
description: Journal of Solid State Chemistry
The Race for Sustainable Development
Creators: name: Yeow, Daniel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economic development
Sustainable development
Sustainable development--Environmental aspects
Climatic changes
Globalization
Sustainability

description: The world has changed a great deal in recent times and the challenges which present themselves are unlike any that we have faced before. Foremost among these are climate change, world poverty, and the many forces which are inextricably linked to these such as population growth, economic development, and the spread of technology. In this article, the convergence of these pressures is examined in light of the challenges and opportunities offered by globalization. The role of information will be examined with the view to shedding new perspective on some of the more pervasive problems that accompany globalization and economic growth.
The Ethics of Physician Migration and Their Implications for the United States
Creators: name: Bohl, Daniel D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Foreign workers--Employment
Physicians, Foreign--U.S. states
Medically underserved areas
World health
Medical personnel--Training of
Physicians--Employment
Health services administration
Medical care
Sustainability

description: Currently, the United States trains only three quarters of the physicians it requires to fill its entry-level residency positions. The other quarter of residents employed by its hospitals is composed of immigrants who have been trained in other countries. This reliance of our healthcare system on foreign physicians puts a tremendous strain on the healthcare systems of developing nations. At the same time, by replacing American medical school graduates with graduates of foreign schools, the policy prevents a significant number of Americans who desire to practice medicine from doing so. An alarming shortage of physicians by the year 2020 has been forecasted. Discussion of how this shortage will be addressed is long overdue. The options are clear: either the United States can increase its dependence on foreign medical training programs or it can expand its own. It should choose the latter.
A generalization of the Kantor-Koecher-Tits construction
Creators: name: Palmkvist, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kantor-Koecher-Tits construction associates a Lie algebra to any Jordan algebra. We generalize this construction to include also extensions of the associated Lie algebra. In particular, the conformal realization of so(p+1,q+1) generalizes to so(p+n,q+n), for arbitrary n, with a linearly realized subalgebra so(p,q). We also show that the construction applied to 3x3 matrices over the division algebras R, C, H, O gives rise to the exceptional Lie algebras f4, e6, e7, e8, as well as to their affine, hyperbolic and further extensions.
description: 6 pages. Talk presented at the Baltic-Nordic Workshop "Algebra, Geometry, and Mathematical Physics", Gothenburg, Sweden, October 11-13, 2007. Submitted to the archive for completeness
Seasonal variation in frog predation by black lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysopygus, Primates)
Creators: name: Garbino, Guilherme S. T.
name: Rezende, Gabriela Cabral
name: Antônio, Daphne Chiara
name: Bufalo, Felipe
name: Amaral, Rodrigo Gonçalves
name: de Almeida e Silva, Anne-Sophie
name: Kaisin, Olivier
name: Culot, Laurence
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Although lion tamarins (Leontopithecus spp.) are known to prey upon frogs, no study has attempted to document the frequency and seasonal patterns of such events. In this study, we compiled data on frog predation by black lion tamarins, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, in south-eastern Brazil between 2014 and 2020. We investigated the effects of seasonality on predation rate and described the behaviour of the lion tamarins. In 1972 observation hours, we recorded 49 frog predation events. Predation was more intense in the beginning (April and May) and the end (August and September) of the dry season, suggesting seasonal variation. The observed pattern may be related to a combination of increased fruit availability in the rainy season and decreased frog activity in the height of the dry season. Compared to Saguinus mystax, the only other tamarin species for which there is available data, predation rate of anurans by black lion tamarins is five times higher. We suggest that frogs are an important item in the diet of black lion tamarins and reinforce the idea that vertebrate predation in some primates is seasonal.
Monte Carlo studies of skyrmion stabilization under geometric confinement and uniaxial strain
Creators: name: Diguet, G.
name: Ducharne, B.
name: Hog, S. El
name: Kato, F.
name: Koibuchi, H.
name: Uchimoto, T.
name: Diep, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geometric confinement (GC) of skyrmions in nanodomains plays a crucial role in skyrmion stabilization. This confinement effect decreases the magnetic field necessary for skyrmion formation and is closely related to the applied mechanical stresses. However, the mechanism of GC is unclear and remains controversial. Here, we numerically study the effect of GC on skyrmion stabilization and find that zero Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) coupling constants imposed on the boundary surfaces of small thin plates cause confinement effects, stabilizing skyrmions in the low-field region. Moreover, the confined skyrmions are further stabilized by tensile strains parallel to the plate, and the skyrmion phase extends to the low-temperature region. This stabilization occurs due to the bulk anisotropic DMI coupling constant caused by lattice deformations. Our simulation data are qualitatively consistent with reported experimental data on skyrmion stabilization induced by tensile strains applied to a thin plate of the chiral magnet ${\rm Cu_2OSeO_3}$.
description: 33 pages, 16 figures
Thirsty for Change: Considering Water Privatization in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Foshee, Jack
name: Ghosh, Anirban
name: Graham, Christopher
name: Murray, William Thomas
name: Ruben Salama, Celine S.
name: Siegfried, Tobias
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Privatization
Water--Distribution--Management
Water--Distribution--Economic aspects
Water--Purification--Economic aspects
Sustainability
City planning
Water resources development--Management

description: Access, maintenance, and distribution of clean water are daunting tasks for developing nations. Efforts to provide clean drinking water have often fallen short, which has prompted the World Bank to advocate for privatization. From a theoretical perspective, privatization blends the advantages of corporate efficiency with responsible management on behalf of the national government. Analysis of attempts to privatize water in the Philippines, with the establishment of the Metropolitan Waterworks Sewerage System (MWSS), shows mixed results. Between 1997 and 2003, citizens with access to water increased from 58 percent to 84 percent, yet water became five times costlier due to privatization. Advocates may applaud the efficiency of the model, but developing nations must emphasize accessibility and affordability of the resource. Privatization, as a model for water distribution, remains contentious.
Additional file 5 of Retrospective analysis of factors influencing the implementation of a program to address unprofessional behaviour and improve culture in Australian hospitals
Creators: name: Churruca, Kate
name: Westbrook, Johanna
name: Bagot, Kathleen L
name: McMullan, Ryan D
name: Urwin, Rachel
name: Cunningham, Neil
name: Mitchell, Rebecca
name: Hibbert, Peter
name: Sunderland, Neroli
name: Loh, Erwin
name: Taylor, Natalie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 5.