cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic lens sizing
Creators: name: LINDECKER Patrick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Particles beam
Fusion
Plasmas
Beam focusing

description: The goal of this presentation is to give some information about the sizing of electrostatic lenses, mainly the focal length. These lenses are used to focus particles beams. It Is proposed a small program and formulas taking account different parameters (voltages and configuration) in a relative simple way.
 This presentation relies on a personal simulator. A physical explanation of the focusing principle is proposed. It is afterwards explained why a negative potential will also focus a ions beam, even it seems counter-intuitive. Moreover, it is described the expected behavior of lenses in presence of a strong space charge, or in presence of two different types of plasma (hot ions/cold electrons plasma and fusion neutral plasma).
Towards more precise determinations of the CKM phase $β$
Creators: name: Ligeti, Zoltan
name: Robinson, Dean J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a new flavor symmetry relation for the determination of the weak phase $β=ϕ_1$ from time-dependent CP asymmetries and $B \to J/ψP$ decay rates. In this relation, the contributions to $\sin2β$ proportional to $V_{ub}$ are parametrically suppressed compared to the contributions in the $B \to J/ψK^0$ time-dependent CP asymmetry alone. This relation uses only $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry, and does not require further diagrammatic assumptions. The current data either fluctuate at the $2σ$ level from expectations, or may hint at effects of unexpected magnitude from contributions proportional to $V_{ub}$ or from isospin breaking.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, published version
Electrostatic lens sizing
Creators: name: LINDECKER Patrick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Particles beam
Fusion
Plasmas
Beam focusing

description: The goal of this presentation is to give some information about the sizing of electrostatic lenses, mainly the focal length. These lenses are used to focus particles beams. It is proposed a small program and formulas taking account different parameters (voltages and configuration) in a relative simple way. A “freeware” program can, possibly, help the reader to more precisely design lenses. This presentation relies on a personal simulator. A physical explanation of the focusing principle is proposed. It is afterwards explained why a negative potential will also focus an ions beam, even it seems counter-intuitive. It is also shown that the quality of convergence increases with the thickness of the lens. Moreover, it is described the expected behavior of lenses in presence of a strong space charge, or in presence of two different types of plasma (hot ions/cold electrons plasma and fusion neutral plasma).
The Formation of IRIS diagnostics. IV. The Mg II triplet lines as a new diagnostic for lower chromospheric heating
Creators: name: Pereira, Tiago M. D.
name: Carlsson, Mats
name: De Pontieu, Bart
name: Hansteen, Viggo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A triplet of subordinate lines of Mg II exists in the region around the h&k lines. In solar spectra these lines are seen mostly in absorption, but in some cases can become emission lines. The aim of this work is to study the formation of this triplet, and investigate any diagnostic value they can bring. Using 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of quiet Sun and flaring flux emergence, we synthesize spectra and investigate how spectral features respond to the underlying atmosphere. We find that emission in the lines is rare and is typically caused by a steep temperature increase in the lower chromosphere (above 1500 K, with electron densities above 10$^{18}$ m$^{-3}$). In both simulations the lines are sensitive to temperature increases taking place at column masses >= 5e-4 g cm$^{-2}$. Additional information can also be inferred from the peak-to-wing ratio and shape of the line profiles. Using observations from NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph we find both absorption and emission line profiles with similar shapes to the synthetic spectra, which suggests that these lines represent a useful diagnostic that complements the MgII h&k lines.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Exome sequencing of (KHV) Kinh in Ho Chi minh City, Vietnam HapMap population. DNA for sequencing was extracted from whole blood
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2012
Subjects: exome
Multiisolate

description: The purpose of the project is to support the discovery and understanding of genetic variants that influence human disease. DNA for sequencing was extracted from whole blood
Effect of source tampering in the security of quantum cryptography
Creators: name: Sun, Shi-Hai
name: Xu, Feihu
name: Jiang, Mu-Sheng
name: Ma, Xiang-Chun
name: Lo, Hoi-Kwong
name: Liang, Lin-Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The security of source has become an increasingly important issue in quantum cryptography. Based on the framework of measurement-device-independent quantum-key-distribution (MDI-QKD), the source becomes the only region exploitable by a potential eavesdropper (Eve). Phase randomization is a cornerstone assumption in most discrete-variable (DV-) quantum communication protocols (e.g., QKD, quantum coin tossing, weak coherent state blind quantum computing, and so on), and the violation of such an assumption is thus fatal to the security of those protocols. In this paper, we show a simple quantum hacking strategy, with commercial and homemade pulsed lasers, by Eve that allows her to actively tamper with the source and violate such an assumption, without leaving a trace afterwards. Furthermore, our attack may also be valid for continuous-variable (CV-) QKD, which is another main class of QKD protocol, since, excepting the phase random assumption, other parameters (e.g., intensity) could also be changed, which directly determine the security of CV-QKD.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
L'E-learning in carcere: esperienze, riflessioni e proposte
Creators: name: Diana, Paolo
Publisher: name: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali
Year: 2016

description: The goal of this paper is to analyze the current situation of e- learning in Italian prisons. The paper introduces some considerations on this topic starting from the experiences and experimentations developed in Italy and in Europe. These experiences put in evidence the need of developing a collaborative e-learning approach within the educational paths, because it is able to make prisoners more responsible and autonomous. In order to put in practice the collaborative e-learning in prisons, it is necessary to start from the prisoners’ needs, not just educational, and assume less general guidelines during the education management. Moreover, the surveyed experiences, often generously financed, underline the need of a more extensive use of ethnographic methods within the research paths and in the evaluation of the didactic and training projects developed in prisons. The introduction, the application and the development of e-learning in prisons is, in this case, a very interesting field of observation for social research.
description: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali, Vol. 3 No. 6 (2013)
La danza dei caffè. L'interazione faccia a faccia in tre luoghi pubblici, di M. Cerulo
Creators: name: Bianchi, Francesca
Publisher: name: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali
Year: 2016

description: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali, Vol. 3 No. 6 (2013)
Modelling the high-energy emission from gamma-ray binaries using numerical relativistic hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Dubus, Guillaume
name: Lamberts, Astrid
name: Fromang, Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed modeling of the high-energy emission from gamma-ray binaries has been propounded as a path to pulsar wind physics. Fulfilling this ambition requires a coherent model of the flow and its emission in the region where the pulsar wind interacts with the stellar wind of its companion. We developed a code that follows the evolution and emission of electrons in the shocked pulsar wind based on inputs from a relativistic hydrodynamical simulation. The code is used to model the well-documented spectral energy distribution and orbital modulations from LS 5039. The pulsar wind is fully confined by a bow shock and a back shock. The particles are distributed into a narrow Maxwellian, emitting mostly GeV photons, and a power law radiating very efficiently over a broad energy range from X-rays to TeV gamma rays. Most of the emission arises from the apex of the bow shock. Doppler boosting shapes the X-ray and VHE lightcurves, constraining the system inclination to $i\approx 35^{\rm o}$. There is a tension between the hard VHE spectrum and the level of X-ray to MeV emission, which requires differing magnetic field intensities that are hard to achieve with a constant magnetisation $σ$ and Lorentz factor $Γ_{p}$ of the pulsar wind. Our best compromise implies $σ\approx 1$ and $Γ_{p}\approx 5\times 10^{3}$, respectively higher and lower than the typical values in pulsar wind nebulae. The high value of $σ$ derived here, where the wind is confined close to the pulsar, supports the classical picture that has pulsar winds highly magnetised at launch. However, such magnetisations will require further investigations to be based on relativistic MHD simulations.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, under review with A&A (appendix with movies could not be uploaded to ArXiV)
MPEC 2024-R148 : 2024 RX4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 RX4

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
ADAM10 Cell Surface Expression but Not Activity Is Critical for Staphylococcus aureus α-Hemolysin-Mediated Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Monocytes
Creators: name: Weng, Chengyu
name: Duncan, Joseph A.
name: Ezekwe, Ejiofor A.D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The Staphylococcus aureus toxin, α-hemolysin, is an important and well-studied virulence factor in staphylococcal infection. It is a soluble monomeric protein that, once secreted by the bacterium, forms a heptameric pore in the membrane of a broad range of host cell types. Hemolysin was recently discovered to bind and activate a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10). In epithelial and endothelial cells, ADAM10 activation is required for the toxin’s activity against these cells. In host monocytic cells, α-hemolysin activates the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing gene family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome leading to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell death. We now show that ADAM10 is critical for α-hemolysin-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes as siRNA knockdown or chemical blockade of ADAM10-α-hemolysin interaction leads to diminished inflammasome activation and cell death by reducing the available ADAM10 on the cell surface. Unlike epithelial cell and endothelial cell damage, which requires α-hemolysin induced ADAM10 activation, ADAM10 protease activity was not required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This work confirms the importance of ADAM10 in immune activation by α-hemolysin, but indicates that host cell signal induction by the toxin is different between host cell types.
Theoretically palatable flavor combinations of astrophysical neutrinos
Creators: name: Bustamante, Mauricio
name: Beacom, John F.
name: Winter, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flavor composition of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos can reveal the physics governing their production, propagation, and interaction. The IceCube Collaboration has published the first experimental determination of the ratio of the flux in each flavor to the total. We present, as a theoretical counterpart, new results for the allowed ranges of flavor ratios at Earth for arbitrary flavor ratios in the sources. Our results will allow IceCube to more quickly identify when their data imply standard physics, a general class of new physics with arbitrary (incoherent) combinations of mass eigenstates, or new physics that goes beyond that, e.g., with terms that dominate the Hamiltonian at high energy.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures. Matches published version
UmeTrack: Unified multi-view end-to-end hand tracking for VR
Creators: name: Han, Shangchen
name: Wu, Po-chen
name: Zhang, Yubo
name: Liu, Beibei
name: Zhang, Linguang
name: Wang, Zheng
name: Si, Weiguang
name: Zhang, Peizhao
name: Cai, Yujun
name: Hodan, Tomas
name: Cabezas, Randi
name: Tran, Luan
name: Akbay, Muzaffer
name: Yu, Tsz-Ho
name: Keskin, Cem
name: Wang, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Real-time tracking of 3D hand pose in world space is a challenging problem and plays an important role in VR interaction. Existing work in this space are limited to either producing root-relative (versus world space) 3D pose or rely on multiple stages such as generating heatmaps and kinematic optimization to obtain 3D pose. Moreover, the typical VR scenario, which involves multi-view tracking from wide \ac{fov} cameras is seldom addressed by these methods. In this paper, we present a unified end-to-end differentiable framework for multi-view, multi-frame hand tracking that directly predicts 3D hand pose in world space. We demonstrate the benefits of end-to-end differentiabilty by extending our framework with downstream tasks such as jitter reduction and pinch prediction. To demonstrate the efficacy of our model, we further present a new large-scale egocentric hand pose dataset that consists of both real and synthetic data. Experiments show that our system trained on this dataset handles various challenging interactive motions, and has been successfully applied to real-time VR applications.
description: SIGGRAPH Asia 2022 Conference Papers, 8 pages
Modification of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol Using Microorganisms Isolated from Environmental Samples
Creators: name: Wilson, Nina M.
name: Schmale, David G.
name: Senger, Ryan S.
name: Knott, Ken
name: Soyars, Cara
name: McMaster, Nicole
name: Gantulga, Dash
name: McCormick, Susan P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common contaminant of wheat, barley, and maize. New strategies are needed to reduce or eliminate DON in feed and food products. Microorganisms from plant and soil samples collected in Blacksburg, VA, USA, were screened by incubation in a mineral salt media containing 100 μg/mL DON and analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Two mixed cultures derived from soil samples consistently decreased DON levels in assays using DON as the sole carbon source. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicated that 3-keto-4-deoxynivalenol was the major by-product of DON. Via 16S rRNA sequencing, these mixed cultures, including mostly members of the genera Acinetobacter, Leadbetterella, and Gemmata, were revealed. Incubation of one of these mixed cultures with wheat samples naturally contaminated with 7.1 μg/mL DON indicated nearly complete conversion of DON to the less toxic 3-epimer-DON (3-epi-DON). Our work extends previous studies that have demonstrated the potential for bioprospecting for microorganisms from the environment to remediate or modify mycotoxins for commercial applications, such as the reduction of mycotoxins in fuel ethanol co-products.
Probing cosmology and gravity with redshift-space distortions around voids
Creators: name: Hamaus, Nico
name: Sutter, P. M.
name: Lavaux, Guilhem
name: Wandelt, Benjamin D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic voids in the large-scale structure of the Universe affect the peculiar motions of objects in their vicinity. Although these motions are difficult to observe directly, the clustering pattern of their surrounding tracers in redshift space is influenced in a unique way. This allows to investigate the interplay between densities and velocities around voids, which is solely dictated by the laws of gravity. With the help of $N$-body simulations and derived mock-galaxy catalogs we calculate the average density fluctuations around voids identified with a watershed algorithm in redshift space and compare the results with the expectation from general relativity and the $Λ$CDM model. We find linear theory to work remarkably well in describing the dynamics of voids. Adopting a Bayesian inference framework, we explore the full posterior of our model parameters and forecast the achievable accuracy on measurements of the growth rate of structure and the geometric distortion through the Alcock-Paczynski effect. Systematic errors in the latter are reduced from $\sim15\%$ to $\sim5\%$ when peculiar velocities are taken into account. The relative parameter uncertainties in galaxy surveys with number densities comparable to the SDSS MAIN (CMASS) sample probing a volume of $1h^{-3}{\rm Gpc}^3$ yield $σ_{f/b}\left/(f/b)\right.\sim2\%$ ($20\%$) and $σ_{D_AH}/D_AH\sim0.2\%$ ($2\%$), respectively. At this level of precision the linear-theory model becomes systematics dominated, with parameter biases that fall beyond these values. Nevertheless, the presented method is highly model independent; its viability lies in the underlying assumption of statistical isotropy of the Universe.
description: 38 pages, 14 figures. Published in JCAP. Referee comments incorporated, typos corrected, references added. Considerably improved results thanks to consideration of full covariance matrix in the MCMC analysis
Development and Quality Control of PMT Modules for the Large-Sized Telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory
Creators: name: Saito, T.
name: Takahashi, M.
name: Inome, Y.
name: Abe, H.
name: Artero, M.
name: Blanch, O.
name: González, J. Becerra
name: Fukami, S.
name: Hadasch, D.
name: Hanabata, Y.
name: Hattori, Y.
name: Llorente, J. Herrera
name: Ishio, K.
name: Iwasaki, H.
name: Katagiri, H.
name: Kawamura, K.
name: Kerszberg, D.
name: Kimura, S.
name: Kiyomoto, T.
name: Kojima, T.
name: Konno, Y.
name: Kobayashi, Y.
name: Koyama, S.
name: Kubo, H.
name: Kushida, J.
name: López-Oramas, A.
name: Masuda, S.
name: Matsuoka, S.
name: Mazin, D.
name: Nakajima, D.
name: Nakamori, T.
name: Nagayoshi, T.
name: Ninci, D.
name: Nishijima, K.
name: Nishiyama, G.
name: Nogami, Y.
name: Nozaki, S.
name: Ogino, M.
name: Ohoka, H.
name: Oka, T.
name: Ono, S.
name: Okumura, A.
name: Orito, R.
name: Rugliancich, A.
name: Sakurai, S.
name: Sasaki, N.
name: Sunada, Y.
name: Suzuki, M.
name: Tamura, K.
name: Takeda, J.
name: Terada, Y.
name: Teshima, M.
name: Tokanai, F.
name: Tomono, Y.
name: Tsujimoto, S.
name: Tsukamoto, Y.
name: Umetsu, Y.
name: Yamamoto, T.
name: Yoshida, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The camera of the Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) consists of 1855 pixels that are grouped into 265 high-performance photomultiplier tube (PMT) modules. Each module comprises a seven-light-guide plate, seven PMT units, a slow control board, and a readout board with a trigger board. %In this paper we describe The requirements for the PMT modules include various aspects, such as photon detection efficiency, dynamic range, buffer depth, and test pulse functionality. We have developed a high-performance PMT module that fulfills all these requirements. Mass-production and quality control (QC) of modules for all four LSTs of the northern CTAO have been completed. Here we report on the technical details of each element of the module and its performance, together with the methods and results of QC measurements.
description: Published in NIM A
Famiglie in affanno: una ricerca sui processi di impoverimento nel Comune di Senigallia
Creators: name: Bronzini, Micol
Publisher: name: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali
Year: 2016

description: In recent years in Italy economic hardship has afflicted an increasing range of the population: single-parent families, single-earner couples, elderly persons living alone, families in which a wage-earner has lost his/her job. To better understand the biographies and experiences of these “families in distress”, a partnership has been set up between the Interdepartmental Research Center of the Polytechnic University of Marche, the Municipality of Senigallia, Caritas and an important company, which has financed a three-year research program on these issues. The research project, entitled Corporate Social Responsibility in an Integrated Perspective:families at risk of poverty in Senigallia, focuses on how the phenomenon of poverty is changing in the local context. In particular, it analyses families at risk of hardships, that is those families that cannot be defined as poor in a traditional way but that risk, for a variety of factors, being dragged into poverty. The article presents the main results of this empirical research.
description: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali, Vol. 3 No. 5 (2013)
Evolution of Mass Functions of Coeval Stars through Wind Mass Loss and Binary Interactions
Creators: name: Schneider, F. R. N.
name: Izzard, R. G.
name: Langer, N.
name: de Mink, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate determinations of stellar mass functions and ages of stellar populations are crucial to much of astrophysics. We analyse the evolution of stellar mass functions of coeval main sequence stars including all relevant aspects of single- and binary-star evolution. We show that the slope of the upper part of the mass function in a stellar cluster can be quite different to the slope of the initial mass function. Wind mass loss from massive stars leads to an accumulation of stars which is visible as a peak at the high mass end of mass functions, thereby flattening the mass function slope. Mass accretion and mergers in close binary systems create a tail of rejuvenated binary products. These blue straggler stars extend the single star mass function by up to a factor of two in mass and can appear up to ten times younger than their parent stellar cluster. Cluster ages derived from their most massive stars that are close to the turn-off may thus be significantly biased. To overcome such difficulties, we propose the use of the binary tail of stellar mass functions as an unambiguous clock to derive the cluster age because the location of the onset of the binary tail identifies the cluster turn-off mass. It is indicated by a pronounced jump in the mass function of old stellar populations and by the wind mass loss peak in young stellar populations. We further characterise the binary induced blue straggler population in star clusters in terms of their frequency, binary fraction and apparent age.
description: 21 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Electronic spin susceptibilities and superconductivity in HgBa$_{2}$CuO$_{4+δ}$ from nuclear magnetic resonance
Creators: name: Rybicki, Damian
name: Kohlrautz, Jonas
name: Haase, Jürgen
name: Greven, Martin
name: Zhao, Xudong
name: Chan, Mun K.
name: Dorow, Chelsey J.
name: Veit, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on single crystals of HgBa$_{2}$CuO$_{4+δ}$ are presented that identify two distinct temperature-dependent spin susceptibilities: one is due to a spin component that is temperature-dependent above the critical temperature for superconductivity ($T_{\rm c}$) and reflects pseudogap behavior; the other is Fermi-liquid-like in that it is temperature independent above $T_{\rm c}$ and vanishes rapidly below $T_{\rm c}$. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of a third, hitherto undetected spin susceptibility: it is temperature independent at higher temperatures, vanishes at lower temperatures (below $T_0\neq T_{\rm c}$), and changes sign near optimal doping. This susceptibility either arises from the coupling between the two spin components, or it could be given by a distinct third spin component.
Exome sequencing of (PUR) Puerto Rican in Puerto Rico HapMap population. DNA for sequencing was extracted from whole blood
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2013
Subjects: Exome
Monoisolate

description: Exome sequencing of (PUR) Puerto Rican in Puerto Rico HapMap population. DNA for sequencing was extracted from whole blood
Policy to practice: impact of GeneXpert MTB/RIF implementation on the TB spectrum of care in Lilongwe, Malawi
Creators: name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Ngoma, Jonathan
name: Kanyama, Cecilia
name: Chawla, Kashmira S.
name: Hoffman, Irving
name: Mbewe, Abineli
name: Matoga, Mitch
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: While previous research has provided evidence of the diagnostic accuracy of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF (GeneXpert), further information is needed about implementation in the real-world. This study evaluated the impact of the introduction of GeneXpert testing in a tertiary medical center according to the testing algorithm proposed by the National TB Control Program (NTP) guidelines.
Deconstructing interventions: approaches to studying behavior change techniques across obesity interventions
Creators: name: Belle, Steven H.
name: Tate, Deborah F.
name: Pratt, Charlotte
name: Lytle, Leslie A.
name: Haire-Joshu, Debra
name: Loria, Catherine M.
name: Moore, Shirley M.
name: Ward, Dianne S.
name: Michie, Susan
name: Sherwood, Nancy E.
name: Matheson, Donna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Deconstructing interventions into the specific techniques that are used to change behavior represents a new frontier in behavioral intervention research. This paper considers opportunities and challenges in employing the Behavior Change Techniques Taxonomy (BCTTv1) developed by Michie and colleagues, to code the behavior change techniques (BCTs) across multiple interventions addressing obesity and capture dose received at the technique level. Numerous advantages were recognized for using a shared framework for intervention description. Coding interventions at levels of the social ecological framework beyond the individual level, separate coding for behavior change initiation vs. maintenance, fidelity of BCT delivery, accounting for BCTs mode of delivery, and tailoring BCTs, present both challenges and opportunities. Deconstructing interventions and identifying the dose required to positively impact health-related outcomes could enable important gains in intervention science.
title: The Fluid City: A Cinematic Urban Tectonic Study on the (Re)Production of Publicness in Contemporary Hong Kong
Creators: name: Li, Zhuozhang
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2525

description: This study explores the cinematic representation of socio-spatial practices by ordinary people in contemporary Hong Kong, to investigate the (re)production of publicness in everyday urban space and the historical changes of the appropriation. Situated in an Asian city that has been predominantly planned and built in pursuit of economic gains under global capitalism, this study questions the dominant conception of urban space (i.e., the dichotomy of public and private), which is largely based on a Western-centric model. With such domination, the neglect and misapprehension of the everyday discourse of the locale, being elusive per se, can be found not merely in the construction of the city but also the discussion in the discipline of urban studies. The aim here is, therefore, to first articulate the overlooked and fragmented everyday practices and to reveal their relationship with the urban built environment and established social order. By highlighting Hong Kong urban cinema as a remarkable archive of descriptions of how the city is being lived and practised, a cinematic urban tectonic study is developed in this thesis to discover a hidden thread fabricated by multiple pieces that all relate to the production of everyday urban space. This novel perspective, with a set of interdisciplinary research methods such as mapping and film analysis woven tight together, examines both the historical development of urban environments and the transformation of everyday lived spaces in Hong Kong. The investigation of the former illustrates deliberate layers of the city in terms of physical, social and psychological factors. It is followed by a series of detailed analysis of the informal everyday practices depicted in 28 local films at multiple levels (namely rooftops, elevated passages and ground-level urban spaces) and in different periods of time (from 1979 to 2018), which conducts a longitudinal study of everyday urban space in Hong Kong city and cinema. Drawing from traditional Chinese literary and philosophical ideals, this study exposes a fluid, alternative social structure (and its spatialisation) as the space of jianghu that defy, appropriate, coexist with or are diminished by the hegemonic order of the city. At the same time, the study demonstrates the capacity of cinema as an analytic and complement tool to expand our understanding of the everyday urban space within specific social, geographical and cultural context, thus overcoming the taken-for-granted and reductive discussions in urban studies.
Time evolution of open quantum many-body systems
Creators: name: Overbeck, Vincent R.
name: Weimer, Hendrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a generic method to analyze the time evolution of open quantum many-body systems. Our approach is based on a variational integration of the quantum master equation describing the dynamics and naturally connects to a variational principle for its nonequilibrium steady state. We successfully apply our variational method to study dissipative Rydberg gases, finding excellent quantitative agreement with small-scale simulations of the full quantum master equation. We observe that correlations related to non-Markovian behavior play a significant role during the relaxation dynamics towards the steady state. We further quantify this non-Markovianity and find it to be closely connected to an information-theoretical measure of quantum and classical correlations.
description: 5+3 pages, 8 figures
Homogeneous abundance analysis of dwarf, subgiant and giant FGK stars with and without giant planets
Creators: name: da Silva, R.
name: Milone, A. C.
name: Rocha-Pinto, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio optical spectra of nearby FGK stars with and without detected giant planets in order to homogeneously measure their photospheric parameters, mass, age, and the abundances of volatile (C, N, and O) and refractory (Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Ba) elements. Our sample contains 309 stars from the solar neighborhood (up to the distance of 100 pc), out of which 140 are dwarfs, 29 are subgiants, and 140 are giants. The photospheric parameters are derived from the equivalent widths of Fe I and Fe II lines. Masses and ages come from the interpolation in evolutionary tracks and isochrones on the HR diagram. The abundance determination is based on the equivalent widths of selected atomic lines of the refractory elements and on the spectral synthesis of C_2, CN, C I, O I, and Na I features. We apply a set of statistical methods to analyze the abundances derived for the three subsamples. Our results show that: i) giant stars systematically exhibit underabundance in [C/Fe] and overabundance in [N/Fe] and [Na/Fe] in comparison with dwarfs, a result that is normally attributed to evolution-induced mixing processes in the envelope of evolved stars; ii) for solar analogs only, the abundance trends with the condensation temperature of the elements are correlated with age and anticorrelated with the surface gravity, which is in agreement with recent studies; iii) as in the case of [Fe/H], dwarf stars with giant planets are systematically enriched in [X/H] for all the analyzed elements, except for O and Ba (the former due to limitations of statistics), confirming previous findings in the literature that not only iron has an important relation with the planetary formation; and iv) giant planet hosts are also significantly overabundant for the same metallicity when the elements from Mg to Cu are combined together.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures, 8 tables
Dall'Europa alle città. Cittadinanza globalizzata a confini variabili
Creators: name: Vianello, Francesca Alice
Publisher: name: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali
Year: 2016

description: The meanings and the practices of citizenship are changing owing to globalization processes and the birth of supranational political and economic organizations, such as the European Union. The political supranational, national and sub-national institutions define – through distinctions, separations and segmentations of rights – the recognition of citizenship rights. This article proposes some results concerning a broad research carried out on the cultural and social processes inherent in the construction of European citizenship. In particular, the paper focuses on the freedom of movement definition in order to grasp the processes of European citizenship construction, because it structures both the inclusion patterns and the borders of citizenship. The paper is based on the analysis of discourses of three different kinds of text: an European directive, two oral communication at the Italian Parliament and a municipal bylaw. The analysis will show the variations of the dominant discourse on free movement and the cultural construction of two ideal types of internal migrants through citizenship segmentation based on work and income.
description: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali, Vol. 2 No. 4 (2012)
Intervention leads to improvements in the nutrient profile of snacks served in afterschool programs: a group randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Moore, Justin B.
name: Huberty, Jennifer
name: Ward, Dianne S.
name: Freedman, Darcy A.
name: Beets, Michael W.
name: Weaver, R. Glenn
name: Turner-McGrievy, Brie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Widely adopted nutrition policies for afterschool programs (ASPs) focus on serving a fruit/vegetable daily and eliminating sugar-sweetened foods/beverages. The impact of these policies on the nutrient profile of snacks served is unclear. Evaluate changes in macro/micronutrient content of snacks served in ASPs. A 1-year group randomized controlled trial was conducted in 20 ASPs serving over 1700 elementary-age children. Intervention ASPs received a multistep adaptive framework intervention. Direct observation of snack served was collected and nutrient information determined using the USDA Nutrient Database, standardized to nutrients/100 kcal. By post-assessment, intervention ASPs reduced total kcal/snack served by 66 kcal (95CI -114 to -19 kcal) compared to control ASPs. Total fiber (+1.7 g/100 kcal), protein (+1.4 g/100 kcal), polyunsaturated fat (+1.2 g/100 kcal), phosphorous (+49.0 mg/100 kcal), potassium (+201.8 mg/100 kcal), and vitamin K (+21.5 μg/100 kcal) increased in intervention ASPs, while added sugars decreased (-5.0 g/100 kcal). Nutrition policies can lead to modest daily caloric reductions and improve select macro/micronutrients in snacks served. Long-term, these nutritional changes may contribute to healthy dietary habits.
How Far Have European Political Parties Followed the Americans in the Later Post-war Period? A Textual Analysis
Creators: name: Budge, Ian
name: Homola, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali
Year: 2016

description: Before answering the general question posed in the title this article first considers the different types of analysis which can be applied to texts, and the procedures followed in quantitative content analysis – with particular reference to the Comparative Manifestos Project, now MARPOR, from which our data are drawn. These show that the considerable Rightwards movement of the US parties in the later post-war period is not matched in Western Europe nor in Europe generally. As many countries drift Leftwards as Rightwards and some, like Germany, remain largely stable. We conclude by considering the practical policy consequences of changing party commitments and how the analysis of covert meanings in texts might be synthesised with the study of overt meanings reported here.
description: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali, Vol. 2 No. 4 (2012)
title: Torix Rickettsia: aspects of diversity, host range and symbiont-host interaction.
Creators: name: Thongprem, Panupong
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2021

description: Rickettsia bacteria have traditionally been considered as the aetiologic agent of deadly arthropod-borne diseases in humans and livestock. However, more recent studies have discovered Rickettsia as non-vertebrate pathogens that are actually important to invertebrate evolution as symbionts. Recently, Rickettsia in the ‘torix’ clade were described from glossiphoniid leeches. This clade has since been observed to infect a wide range of invertebrate species and is thought to be most common in host species associated with freshwater habitats. This leads to a general hypothesis that torix Rickettsia are a common endosymbiont of freshwater taxa. However, this hypothesis is yet to be formally tested. To assess this hypothesis, I firstly investigated in-depth a freshwater-associated insect order, the Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies), in which torix Rickettsia had not been previously recorded. This study revealed the first incidence of torix Rickettsia in odonates, present in roughly 10% of the screened species. Maternal transmission of this endosymbiont was observed in a damselfly (Coenagrion puella), and this strain has likely driven mtDNA introgression between the insect and its sister species (C. pulchellum). Then, I expanded the screen to test for torix Rickettsia in other invertebrate taxa and compared the infection frequency between freshwater and terrestrial communities. Fisher’s exact test indicated that the proportions of infected species from freshwater community is significantly higher than the terrestrial group in three representative insect orders. In addition to this broad screen, torix Rickettsia in a few blood-feeding insects are recorded for the first time, including mosquitos (Anopheles plumbeus), black flies (Simulium aureum) and the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius). Bed bugs were then established as a model system to study biological impacts of torix Rickettsia carriage. Symbionts in the bed bug were transmitted via matrilines only. There were no signs of reproductive parasitism, sex ratio distortion or cytoplasmic incompatibility phenotypes. Torix Rickettsia only express mild parasitic impacts on C. lectularius biology by slowing development time and reducing fecundity. Finally, this thesis raises three questions for onward study; i) why torix Rickettsia are abundant in freshwater biomes, ii) how do torix strains transition into terrestrial species and iii) how torix Rickettsia are associated with broad spectrum of eukaryotic hosts. Possible scenarios for these three questions are discussed for future study.
2D quantum gravity at three loops: a counterterm investigation
Creators: name: Leduc, Laetitia
name: Bilal, Adel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the divergences of the three-loop partition function at fixed area in 2D quantum gravity. Considering the Liouville action in the Kahler formalism, we extract the coefficient of the leading divergence in $\sim AΛ^2 (\ln AΛ^2)^2$. This coefficient is non-vanishing. We discuss the counterterms one can and must add and compute their precise contribution to the partition function. This allows us to conclude that every local and non-local divergence in the partition function can be balanced by local counterterms, with the only exception of the maximally non-local divergence $(\ln AΛ^2)^3$. Yet, this latter is computed and does cancel between the different three-loop diagrams. Thus, requiring locality of the counterterms is enough to renormalize the partition function. Finally, the structure of the new counterterms strongly suggests that they can be understood as a renormalization of the measure action.
description: 31 pages
The unexpected long period of elevated CH4 emissions from an inundated fen meadow ended only with the occurrence of cattail (Typha latifolia)
Creators: name: Antonijevic, Danica
name: Hoffmann, Mathias
name: Prochnow, Annette
name: Krabbe, Karoline
name: Weituschat, Mirjam
name: Couwenberg, John
name: Ehlert, Sigrid
name: Zak, Dominik
name: Augustin, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: cattail
subject: fen
subject: long‐term data
subject: methane emissions
subject: peatland rewetting
subject: wetland
subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: Drainage and agricultural use transform natural peatlands from a net carbon (C) sink to a net C source. Rewetting of peatlands, despite of high methane (CH4) emissions, holds the potential to mitigate climate change by greatly reducing CO2 emissions. However, the time span for this transition is unknown because most studies are limited to a few years. Especially, nonpermanent open water areas often created after rewetting, are highly productive. Here, we present 14 consecutive years of CH4 flux measurements following rewetting of a formerly long‐term drained peatland in the Peene valley. Measurements were made at two rewetted sites (non‐inundated vs. inundated) using manual chambers. During the study period, significant differences in measured CH4 emissions occurred. In general, these differences overlapped with stages of ecosystem transition from a cultivated grassland to a polytrophic lake dominated by emergent helophytes, but could also be additionally explained by other variables. This transition started with a rapid vegetation shift from dying cultivated grasses to open water floating and submerged hydrophytes and significantly increased CH4 emissions. Since 2008, helophytes have gradually spread from the shoreline into the open water area, especially in drier years. This process was periodically delayed by exceptional inundation and eventually resulted in the inundated site being covered by emergent helophytes. While the period between 2009 and 2015 showed exceptionally high CH4 emissions, these decreased significantly after cattail and other emergent helophytes became dominant at the inundated site. Therefore, CH4 emissions declined only after 10 years of transition following rewetting, potentially reaching a new steady state. Overall, this study highlights the importance of an integrative approach to understand the shallow lakes CH4 biogeochemistry, encompassing the entire area with its mosaic of different vegetation forms. This should be ideally done through a study design including proper measurement site allocation as well as long‐term measurements.
Overview of the obesity intervention taxonomy and pooled analysis working group
Creators: name: Thom, Elizabeth
name: Cella, David
name: Czajkowski, Susan M.
name: Loria, Catherine M.
name: Belle, Steven H.
name: Foltz, Jennifer L.
name: Arteaga, S. Sonia
name: Pratt, Charlotte A.
name: Stevens, June
name: Murray, David M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institutes of Health Office of Disease Prevention convened a meeting on August 29-30, 2013 entitled "Obesity Intervention Taxonomy and Pooled Analysis." The overarching goals of the meeting were to understand how to decompose interventions targeting behavior change, and in particular, those that focus on obesity and to combine data from groups of related intervention studies to supplement what can be learned from the individual studies. This paper summarizes the workshop recommendations and provides an overview of the two other papers that originated from the workshop and that address decomposition of behavioral change interventions and pooling of data across diverse studies within a consortium.
Transcriptome of Aspergillus oryzae following ER stress
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2010
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: The Aspergillus oryzae, an important filamentous fungus used in food fermentation and enzyme industry, has been revealed to own prominent features in its genomic compositions by genome sequencing and various other tools. However, the functional complexity of the A. oryzae transcriptome has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we applied direct high-throughput paired-end RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to the transcriptome of A. oryzae under four different culture conditions and confirmed most of the annotated genes. Moreover, with high resolution and sensitivity afforded by RNA-Seq, we were able to identify a substantial number of novel transcripts, new exons, untranslated regions, alternative upstream initiation codons (uATGs) and upstream open reading frames (uORFs), which serves a remarkable insight into the A. oryzae transcriptome. We also were able to assess the alternative mRNA isoforms in A. oryzae and found a large number of genes undergoing alternative splicing. Many genes or pathways that might involve in higher levels of protein production in solid-state culture than in liquid culture were identified by comparing gene expression levels between different cultures. Our analysis indicated that the transcriptome of A. oryzae was much more complex than previously anticipated and the results might provide a blueprint for further study of A. oryzae transcriptome.Overall design: mRNA expression of Aspergillus oryzae in 4 different culture conditions was determined by method of RNA-Seq using short reads from high throughput sequencing technology.