cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Untitled Item
Creators: name: Vassiliou, Marius
name: Agre, Jonathan
name: Davis, Stan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90602 Control Systems, Robotics and Automation
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 150301 Business Information Management (incl. Records, Knowledge and Information Management, and Intelligence)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150302 Business Information Systems
subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: 150304 Entrepreneurship
subject: 150307 Innovation and Technology Management

description: (2011) In a world of rapidly advancing commercial technology, the U.S. military often still struggles to deliver state-of-the art information technologies for C2 to warfighters and commanders. Some recent success stories include the Tactical Ground Reporting (TIGR) system, the Command Post of the Future (CPOF), and the Combined Information Data Network Exchange (CIDNE). These cases can be characterized using a Kline chain- linked model of innovation, with very strong iterative links between R&D and “markets” (military end users in this context). These initiatives also made effective use of available commercial technology, and displayed “edge innovation” by end users. The initiatives identified pressing needs with a minimum of process formalism, and then filled those needs quickly, with dedicated development teams for continual refinement. They often temporarily bypassed normal procurement channels. Initial deployments were often limited, with “at-risk” adoption by commanders, allowing crucial in-theater experimentation and feedback loops in the development process. As the technologies proved useful, deployment expanded. Despite potential problems in interoperability and security, and conflicts with the military bureaucracy, such “Kline-like” innovation shows promise for some C2 technologies.
Schema mapping and query translation in heterogeneous peer-to-peer XML databases
Creators: name: Chang, Elaine Qing
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In a peer-to-peer data management system, the peers may have heterogeneous schemas, and no mediated global schema. To' facilitate data exchange, we assume each entering peer provides correspondences between its schema and a small number of other peer schemas. We study the problem of schema mapping and query translation in the context of heterogeneous XML schemas, featuring data/schema conflict. We develop an algorithm for inferring precise mapping rules from informal schema correspondences. We define the semantics of query answering in this setting and develop an algorithm for query translation. Our translation can work both along and against the direction of mapping rules and can handle an expressive fragment of XQuery. We have developed the HePToX heterogeneous P2P XML data management system on top of the Emulab, a large scale P2P network emulation testbed, incorporating our ideas and results. We describe our implementation strategy and report the results of an extensive set of experiments on HePToX on both synthetic and real data sets, demonstrating its utility and scalability.
The Impact of Catfish Imports on the U.S. Wholesale and Farm Sectors
Creators: name: Muhammad, Andrew
name: Neal, Sammy J.
name: Hanson, Terrill R.
name: Jones, Keithly G.
name: Muhammad, Andrew
name: Neal, Sammy J.
name: Hanson, Terrill R.
name: Jones, Keithly G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: catfish imports
subject: simultaneous equations
subject: supply
subject: demand
subject: tariffs

description: The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of catfish imports and tariffs on the U.S. catfish industry, with particular focus on the U.S. International Trade Commission ruling on Vietnam in 2003. Given the importance of Vietnam to the U.S. catfish market, it was assumed that catfish import prices would increase by 35 percent if the maximum tariff was imposed on catfish from Vietnam. With the tariff, domestic catfish prices at the wholesale level would increase by $0.06 per lb, and farm prices by $0.03 per lb. Processor sales would increase by 1.66 percent. Total welfare at the wholesale level would increase from $69.2 million to $71.7 million, an increase of about 3.63 percent, and processor and farm revenue would increase by 4.4 percent and 5.8 percent, respectively. These results represent the greatest possible benefit and suggest modest gains for the U.S. catfish industry.
The Evolution Towards Decentralized C2
Creators: name: Vassiliou, Marius
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90602 Control Systems, Robotics and Automation
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 150302 Business Information Systems
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 80703 Human Information Behaviour
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: (2010)
We examine: (1) The degree to which the United States military is planning to move towards a more decentralized C2 paradigm; (2) the adoption of such a paradigm by adversaries; (3) the degree to which the U.S. is actually making the transition; and (4) the factors enabling and impeding the shift. We find that many adversaries of the west, including terrorist organizations and “hybrid enemies,” are already operating in an agile, decentralized manner. Meanwhile, top-level strategic plans of the U.S. Department of Defense are consistent with a transition to net-enabled decentralized C2 for the U.S. military where appropriate, and the shift is supported by stated mission command doctrine. The transition is already occurring to some degree. In Afghanistan, for example, small Marine units operate with significant autonomy and edge-like behavior. The Department of Defense has also made progress in the use of web-enabled collaborative systems. These systems have broadened information distribution and stimulated new interaction patterns, although they have not changed the allocation of decision rights. Technologies enabling the shift to net-enabled decentralized C2 must be coupled with appropriate policies and procedures, and occasionally must overcome mid- level institutional cultural resistance.
Forage Outsourcing in the Dairy Sector: The Extent of Use and Impact on Farm Profitability
Creators: name: Gillespie, Jeffrey M.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Sandretto, Carmen L.
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
name: Gillespie, Jeffrey M.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Sandretto, Carmen L.
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: forage
subject: input purchasing
subject: outsourcing
subject: contracting
subject: milk production

description: The extent of forage purchasing behavior in milk production and its impact on profitability are analyzed using data from the 2000 and 2005 dairy versions of the Agricultural Resource Management Survey. Forage outsourcing is more common with hay than with silage and haylage, and is more prevalent in the western United States. Though silage and haylage outsourcing is found to impact profitability, the major profitability drivers appear to be farm size and efficiency. Evidence of significant forage contracting is found in the western United States.
Dark matter from non-relativistic embedding gravity
Creators: name: Paston, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility to explain the mystery of the dark matter through the transition from General Relativity to embedding gravity. This modification of gravity, which was proposed by Regge and Teitelboim, is based on a simple string-inspired geometrical principle: our spacetime is considered here as a 4-dimensional surface in a flat bulk. We show that among the solutions of embedding gravity, there is a class of solutions equivalent to solutions of GR with an additional contribution of non-relativistic embedding matter, which can serve as cold dark matter. We prove the stability of such type of solutions and obtain an explicit form of the equations of motion of embedding matter in the non-relativistic limit. According to them, embedding matter turns out to have a certain self-interaction, which could be useful in the context of solving the core-cusp problem that appears in the LambdaCDM model.
description: LaTeX, 11 pages. This version corresponds to the published one
Distributions of Galaxy Spectral Types in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Yip, Ching-Wa
name: Connolly, Andrew
name: Szalay, Alex
name: Budavari, Tamas
name: SubbaRao, Mark
name: Frieman, Joshua
name: Nichol, Robert
name: Hopkins, Andrew
name: York, Donald
name: Okamura, Sadanori
name: Brinkmann, Jonathan
name: Csabai, Istvan
name: Thakar, Aniruddha
name: Fukugita, Masataka
name: Ivezic, Zeljko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform an objective classification of 170,000 galaxy spectra in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) using the Karhunen-Loève (KL) transform. With about one-sixth of the total set of galaxy spectra which will be obtained by the survey, we are able to carry out the most extensive analysis of its kind to date. The formalism proposed by Connolly and Szalay is adopted to correct for gappy regions in the spectra, and to derive eigenspectra and eigencoefficients. From this analysis, we show that this gap-correction formalism leads to a converging set of eigenspectra and KL-repaired spectra. Furthermore, KL eigenspectra of galaxies are found to be convergent not only as a function of iteration, but also as a function of the number of randomly selected galaxy spectra used in the analysis. From these data a set of ten eigenspectra of galaxy spectra are constructed, with rest-wavelength coverage 3450-8350 angstrom. The eigencoefficients describing these galaxies naturally place the spectra into several classes defined by the plane formed by the first three eigencoefficients of each spectrum. Spectral types, corresponding to different Hubble-types and galaxies with extreme emission lines, are identified for the 170,000 spectra and are shown to be complementary to existing spectral classifications. From a non-parametric classification technique, we find that the population of galaxies can be divided into three classes which correspond to early late- through to intermediate late-types galaxies. (Abridged)
description: AJ in press (August 2004 issue) 25 pages, 24 figures (lowered resolutions). Eigenspectra and mean spectra are available in: http://www.sdss.org/dr2/products/value_added/
title: Высокие технологии в современной англоязычной литературе. Часть IV
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Московский технический университет связи и информатики
Year: 2014

description: Методические указания «Высокие технологии в современной англоязычной литературе» ч. IV (приложение) являются продолжением цикла учебных материалов, направленных на развитие умений и навыков всех видов чтения на английском языке (ознакомительного, изучающего, просмотрового, поискового). Они служат дополнением к «Учебнику английского языка для университетов и институтов связи» (автор Кожевникова Т.В., изд. 6-е, 2012г.) и «Аудиокурсу английского языка для университетов и институтов связи» (автор Кожевникова Т.В., изд. 2-е, 2010г.), предназначены для бакалавров и специалистов 1-2 курсов всех отделений и направлений подготовки в МТУСИ, а также могут быть использованы на занятиях с магистрами, аспирантами, слушателями дополнительной квалификации «Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации» и курсов английского языка продвинутого уровня.
Exploring the Role of Managerial Ability in Influencing Dairy Farm Efficiency
Creators: name: Byma, Justin P.
name: Tauer, Loren W.
name: Byma, Justin P.
name: Tauer, Loren W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: dairy farms
subject: distance function
subject: management and efficiency
subject: stochastic frontier analysis

description: This paper explores the role of managerial ability in determining efficiency in New York dairy farms. Using an unbalanced panel of farm data from 1993 through 2004, we estimate output-oriented technical efficiencies using stochastic distance frontier functions. We find that both lagged net farm income and farmers’ own estimates of the value of their labor and management as proxies for managerial ability impact measured efficiency. Efficiency increases with operator education, farm size, and extended participation in a farm management program, but decreases with operator age.
Wild Animal Restraining
Creators: name: 1Jitendra Kumar Bairwa* 2Dileep Singh Meena, 3Vipin Chand Bairwa and 4Pradeep Makwana
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Restrain of wild animals is indicated for minor manipulation or close observation, tuberculin testing administration of injections or anaesthetics, collection of blood samples, trimming malformed claws or overgrown hooves, application of topical medications and transportation.
Hint for Quintessence-like Scalars from Holographic Dark Energy
Creators: name: Guberina, B.
name: Horvat, R.
name: Stefancic, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the generalized holographic dark energy model, in which both the cosmological constant (CC) and Newton's constant G_N are scale-dependent, to set constraints on the renormalization-group (RG) evolution of both quantities phrased within quantum field theory (QFT) in a curved background. Considering the case in which the energy-momentum tensor of ordinary matter stays individually conserved, we show from the holographic dark energy requirement that the RG laws for the CC and G_N are completely determined in terms of the lowest part of the particle spectrum of an underlying QFT. From simple arguments one can then infer that the lowest-mass fields should have a Compton wavelength comparable with the size of the current Hubble horizon. Hence, although the models with the variable CC (or with both the CC and the G_N varying) are known tolead to successful cosmologies without introducing a new light degree of freedom, we nonetheless find that holography actually brings us back to the quintessence proposal. An advantage of having two different components of the vacuum energy in the cosmological setting is also briefly mentioned.
description: 9 pages, two references added, to appear in JCAP
The Revenue Program Option in the 2008 U.S. Farm Bill: Evaluating Performance Characteristics of the ACRE Program
Creators: name: Zulauf, Carl R.
name: Orden, David
name: Zulauf, Carl R.
name: Orden, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: farm policy
subject: Food Conservation and Energy Act of 2008
subject: Average Crop Revenue Election Program (ACRE)
subject: WTO domestic support commitments

description: Had only a farm program like the new ACRE state revenue program existed instead of the authorized 1996–2008 programs for corn, soybeans, and wheat, farm support expenditures would have occurred earlier but totaled less. In contrast, at the higher prices forecast for the three crops over the 2009–2012 crop years, spending per acre is expected to be higher for acres enrolled in the ACRE program than for acres enrolled in the traditional programs. These results reflect the different design features of the two programs: revenue versus price assistance and assistance levels that adjust with lagged market revenue versus fixed nominal support triggers. The design issues and policy questions raised for both domestic policy considerations and WTO compliance are discussed.
Measurement of real contact area for rough metal surfaces and the distinction of contribution from elasticity and plasticity
Creators: name: Li, Lei-Tao
name: Liang, Xuan-Ming
name: Xing, Yu-Zhe
name: Yan, Duo
name: Wang, Gang-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of real contact area between rough surfaces is one of most challenge problems in contact mechanics and is of importance to understand some physical mechanisms in tribology. Based on the frustrated total internal reflection, a new apparatus is designed to measure the real contact area. For brass samples with various surface topographies, the relation between normal load and real contact area is measured. Our experiments verify the linear relationship between load and real contact area during loading process. More importantly, the unloading process is firstly considered to distinguish the contribution of elasticity and plasticity in contact of rough surfaces. It is found that both elasticity and plasticity are involved throughout the continuous loading process, different from some present understanding and assumptions that they play at different loading stages. A quantitative parameter is proposed to indicate the contribution of plasticity. The present work not only provides an experimental method to measure real contact area but figure out how elastic and plastic deformation works in contact of rough surfaces.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures
Effects of Impurities in Quasi-One-Dimensional S=1 Antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Munehisa
name: Takayama, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the weakly coupled S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains on a simple cubic lattice, the effects of magnetic impurities are investigated by the quantum Monte Carlo method with the continuous-time loop algorithm. The transition temperatures of the impurity-induced phase transitions for magnetic impurities with S=1/2, 3/2, and 2 are determined and compared with the transition temperature induced by the non-magnetic impurities. Implications on the experimental results are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, manuscript for the proceedings of the International Symposium on Qnautum Spin Systems (QSS04) held in Hayama, Japan, from Nov. 30 to Dec. 3, 2004
Bargaining, Search, and Price Dispersion: Evidence from the Live Hogs Market
Creators: name: Vukina, Tomislav
name: Zheng, Xiaoyong
name: Vukina, Tomislav
name: Zheng, Xiaoyong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: intra-day price dispersion
subject: bargaining theory
subject: search cost
subject: asymmetric information

description: Using unique panel data on individual transactions between buyers and sellers in the spot market for live hogs, we found a large degree of intra-day price dispersion. Motivated by this empirical puzzle, we offer an explanation which is rooted in the bargaining with search theory. We formulate three hypotheses involving the role of farmers’ search cost, bargaining parties’ patience, and asymmetric information that we believe can explain the observed phenomenon. Empirical analysis shows strong support for all three of the stated theoretical predictions, indicating that the bargaining with search theory explains at least 31 percent of the observed intra-day price variation in this market.
Hawking radiation from acoustic black holes in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Das, Arpan
name: Dave, Shreyansh S.
name: Ganguly, Oindrila
name: Srivastava, Ajit M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new analogue model of gravity - the evolving quark gluon plasma (QGP) produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions. This quark gluon plasma is the "most inviscid" fluid known. Such low kinematic viscosity is believed to reflect strongly correlated nature for QGP in these experiments. Hence, it may provide a good example of a quantum fluid naturally suited to studies of acoustic Hawking radiation. Due to rapid longitudinal expansion, presence of a sonic horizon is also naturally guaranteed here, though, in general, this horizon is not static. Using Ultra relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) simulations, we show that, under certain conditions, the longitudinal velocity of the plasma, near the sonic horizon, can become time independent for a short span during the evolution of the system. During this period, we can have a conformally static acoustic metric with a (conformal) Killing horizon coinciding with the apparent horizon. An asymptotic observer will then see a thermal flux of phonons, constituting the Hawking radiation, coming from the horizon. For the relatively low energy collision considered here, where the resulting QCD system is governed by non-relativistic hydrodynamics, we estimate the Hawking temperature to be about 4-5 MeV (with the temperature of the QCD fluid being about 135 MeV). We discuss the experimental signatures of this Hawking radiation in terms of a thermal component in the rapidity dependence of the transverse momentum distribution of detected particles. We also discuss extension to ultra-relativistic case which should lead to a higher Hawking temperature, along with the effects of dynamical horizon leading to blue/red shift of the temperature.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures: Text modified or clarified in places, new references added
Transport and Magnetism in p-type cubic (Ga,Mn)N
Creators: name: Edmonds, KW
name: Novikov, SV
name: Sawicki, M
name: Campion, RP
name: Staddon, C. R.
name: Giddings, AD
name: Zhao, LX
name: Wang, KY
name: Dietl, T
name: Foxon, CT
name: Gallagher, BL
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrical and magnetic properties of p-type cubic (Ga,Mn)N thin films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy are reported. Hole concentrations in excess of 1018 cm-3 at room temperature are observed. Activated behaviour is observed down to around 150K, characterised by an acceptor ionisation energy of around 45-60meV. The dependence of hole concentration and ionisation energy on Mn concentration indicates that the shallow acceptor level is not simply due to unintentional co-doping. Thermopower measurements on freestanding films, CV profilometry, and the dependence of conductivity on thickness and growth temperature, all show that the conduction is not due to diffusion into the substrate. We therefore associate the p-type conductivity with the presence of the Mn in the cubic GaN films. Magnetometry measurements indicate a small room temperature ferromagnetic phase, and a significantly larger magnetic coupling at low temperatures.
description: 14 pages
Constrained pursuit-evasion problems in the plane
Creators: name: Cheung, Warren A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In pursuit-evasion problems, we are presented with one or more pursuers attempting to capture one or more evaders. We consider pursuers and evaders limited by a maximum speed moving in the two-dimensional plane with obstacles. We then investigate two problems in this domain. In the first, where we are given the starting configuration of pursuers and evaders, we identify all possible paths by the evaders that are not intercepted by pursuers, and the points reachable by the evaders before the pursuers by following these paths. In the second problem, we consider a pursuer forced to maintain visibility with an evader. We construct an example that demonstrates there exists, in addition to the two standard outcomes of the pursuer capturing the evader and the evader losing sight of the pursuer, a third tie outcome, where the pursuer never loses sight of the evader, but the evader can also avoid capture indefinitely. We give the conditions under which each of these three outcomes occur for our specific situation.
One Hundred and Eight Rosary Beads in Landscape and Architecture Design
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Archaeoastronomy
Numerology

description: A study about monuments containing 108 architectonic and decorative elements,
 is here proposed in the framework of their environments and cultural landscapes.
 The number is related to Lord Buddha and to the beads of the Japamala that here
we call as “rosary”. Number 108 is highly relevant in Hinduism too. In the proposed
discussion we will illustrate some examples regarding the presence of 108 elements
 (shrines, stupas, statues) in Buddhist and Hinduist architectures. Among the
monumental sites here considered, the reader can find the well-known Angkor Thom,
Angkor Wat and Candi Borobudur. For this last site, we will also refer to a publication
 regarding the temples of Pawon, Mendut and Ngawen, the archaeologists found
linked to Borobudur. We will consider in detail the zenith passage of the sun at
Angkor (Cambogia) and Java.

.
OptChain: Optimal Transactions Placement for Scalable Blockchain Sharding
Creators: name: Nguyen, Lan N.
name: Nguyen, Truc
name: Dinh, Thang N.
name: Thai, My T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A major challenge in blockchain sharding protocols is that more than 95% transactions are cross-shard. Not only those cross-shard transactions degrade the system throughput but also double the confirmation time, and exhaust an already scarce network bandwidth. Are cross-shard transactions imminent for sharding schemes? In this paper, we propose a new sharding paradigm, called OptChain, in which cross-shard transactions are minimized, resulting in almost twice faster confirmation time and throughput. By treating transactions as a stream of nodes in an online graph, OptChain utilizes a lightweight and on-the-fly transaction placement method to group both related and soon-related transactions into the same shards. At the same time, OptChain maintains a temporal balance among shards to guarantee the high parallelism. Our comprehensive and large-scale simulation using Oversim P2P library confirms a significant boost in performance with up to 10 folds reduction in cross-shard transactions, more than twice reduction in confirmation time, and 50% increase in throughput. When combined with Omniledger sharding protocol, OptChain delivers a 6000 transactions per second throughput with 10.5s confirmation time.
Carbon monoxide in the solar atmosphere I. Numerical method and two-dimensional models
Creators: name: Wedemeyer-Boehm, S.
name: Kamp, I.
name: Bruls, J.
name: Freytag, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radiation hydrodynamic code CO5BOLD has been supplemented with the time-dependent treatment of chemical reaction networks. Advection of particle densities due to the hydrodynamic flow field is also included. The radiative transfer is treated frequency-independently, i.e. grey, so far. The upgraded code has been applied to two-dimensional simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) in the non-magnetic solar photosphere and low chromosphere. For this purpose a reaction network has been constructed, taking into account the reactions which are most important for the formation and dissociation of CO under the physical conditions of the solar atmosphere. The network has been strongly reduced to 27 reactions, involving the chemical species H, H2, C, O, CO, CH, OH, and a representative metal. The resulting CO number density is highest in the cool regions of the reversed granulation pattern at mid-photospheric heights and decreases strongly above. There, the CO abundance stays close to a value of 8.3 on the usual logarithmic abundance scale with [H]=12 but is reduced in hot shock waves which are a ubiquitous phenomenon of the model atmosphere. For comparison, the corresponding equilibrium densities have been calculated, based on the reaction network but also under assumption of instantaneous chemical equilibrium by applying the Rybicki & Hummer (RH) code by Uitenbroek (2001). Owing to the short chemical timescales, the assumption holds for a large fraction of the atmosphere, in particular the photosphere. In contrast, the CO number density deviates strongly from the corresponding equilibrium value in the vicinity of chromospheric shock waves. Simulations with altered reaction network clearly show that the formation channel via hydroxide (OH) is the most important one under the conditions of the solar atmosphere.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, final version will contain online material
Numerical data and further representations on descriptors correlation from Biomass hydrodeoxygenation catalysts innovation from atomistic activity predictors
Creators: name: Morteo-Flores, Fabian
name: Engel, Julien
name: Roldan, Alberto
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30203 Inorganic Green Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30399 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 30699 Physical Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30799 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: Circular economy emphasizes the idea of transforming products involving economic growth and improving the ecological system to reduce the negative consequences caused by the excessive use of raw materials. This can be achieved with the use of second-generation biomass that converts industrial and agricultural wastes into bulk chemicals. The use of catalytic processes is essential to achieve a viable upgrade of biofuels from the lignocellulosic biomass. We carried out density functional theory calculations to explore the relationship between 12 transition metals (TMs) properties, as catalysts, and their affinity for hydrogen and oxygen, as key species in the valourization of biomass. The relation of these parameters will define the trends of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process on biomass-derived compounds. We found the hydrogen and oxygen adsorption energies in the most stable site have a linear relation with electronic properties of these metals that will rationalize the surfaces ability to bind the biomass-derived compounds and break the C–O bonds. This will accelerate the catalyst innovation for low temperature and efficient HDO processes on biomass derivates, e.g. guaiacol and anisole, among others. Among the monometallic catalysts explored, the scaling relationship pointed out that Ni has a promising balance between hydrogen and oxygen affinities according to the d-band centre and d-band width models. The comparison of the calculated descriptors to the adsorption strength of guaiacol on the investigated surfaces indicates that the d-band properties alone are not best suited to describe the trend. Instead, we found that a linear combination of work function and d-band properties gives significantly better correlation.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Science to enable the circular economy’.
The Effect of the Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act on Market Transparency and Grid Price Dispersion
Creators: name: Fausti, Scott W.
name: Qasmi, Bashir A.
name: Li, Jing
name: Diersen, Matthew A.
name: Fausti, Scott W.
name: Qasmi, Bashir A.
name: Li, Jing
name: Diersen, Matthew A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: fed cattle
subject: grid pricing
subject: market transparency
subject: price dispersion
subject: price volatility
subject: mandatory livestock price reporting

description: The Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act (MPR) of 1999 was implemented in April 2001. Empirical evidence indicates a significant change in intra-week price dispersion associated with publicly reported fed cattle grid premiums and discounts occurring after MPR implementation. The research objective is to evaluate the effect of increased market transparency resulting from implementation of MPR, on grid intra-week premium and discount dispersion levels. Empirical results suggest that increased transparency is compatible with intra-week dispersion levels increasing. Increased dispersion suggests that during the pre-MPR period weekly premium and discount data may have been drawn from a non-representative sample. From the empirical evidence, it is concluded that reform of the livestock price-reporting system appears to have been necessary in the case of publically reported grid premiums and discounts.
Towards adaptive rendering of smooth primitives on GPUs
Creators: name: Fung, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Higher order surface primitives enable artists to create smooth, complex objects by manipulating only a few control points and allow for the generation of smooth surfaces from a very compact representation. The implementation of higher order primitives on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) has the potential to significantly reduce the bandwidth requirements across the graphics bus. Unfortunately, the GPU support for higher order primitives is still rudimentary. We present an adaptive, depth-first tessellation algorithm for smooth surfaces. The algorithm takes a set of Bezier control points and tessellates them according to criteria such as screen-space edge length. Other representations, such as subdivision surfaces, can be handled through preprocessing. The algorithm is designed to provide consistent, hole-free tessellations of adjacent patches. In addition, the polygons generated by the tessellator reside on a space filling curve on the 2D manifold of the surface. This guarantees the good memory coherence for both framebuffer and texture memory access. While the current implementation of the method is purely CPU-based, we believe it is suitable for hardware implementation on future generations of GPUs.
Do CVM Welfare Estimates Suffer from On-Site Sampling Bias? A Comparison of On-Site and Household Visitor Surveys
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Sepulveda, Juan Marcos
name: Loomis, John B.
name: Gonzalez-Sepulveda, Juan Marcos
name: Loomis, John B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: contingent valuation method
subject: endogenous stratification
subject: on-site sampling bias

description: The problem of endogenous stratification associated with on-site sampling has been overlooked in the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). We find that using on-site samples of visitors overstates visitor willingness to pay (WTP) estimates relative to a household sample of visitors, and substantially overstates the unconditional population values. We provide two methods of correcting WTP of on-site samples. The uncorrected on-site sample CVM yields WTP of $132 per trip, while visitor WTP obtained from a random sample of households had a value of $66 per trip. Adaptation of choice-based sampling correction estimator to the on-site CVM data yields $73 per trip, not statistically different from the visitor value from the household survey, but significantly different from the uncorrected on-site sample value.
Vassiliou-2010-TheEvolutionTowardsDecentralizedC2.pdf
Creators: name: Vassiliou, Marius
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90602 Control Systems, Robotics and Automation
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 150302 Business Information Systems
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 80703 Human Information Behaviour
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: We examine: (1) The degree to which the United States military is planning to move towards a more decentralized C2 paradigm; (2) the adoption of such a paradigm by adversaries; (3) the degree to which the U.S. is actually making the transition; and (4) the factors enabling and impeding the shift. We find that many adversaries of the west, including terrorist organizations and “hybrid enemies,” are already operating in an agile, decentralized manner. Meanwhile, top-level strategic plans of the U.S. Department of Defense are consistent with a transition to net-enabled decentralized C2 for the U.S. military where appropriate, and the shift is supported by stated mission command doctrine. The transition is already occurring to some degree. In Afghanistan, for example, small Marine units operate with significant autonomy and edge-like behavior. The Department of Defense has also made progress in the use of web-enabled collaborative systems. These systems have broadened information distribution and stimulated new interaction patterns, although they have not changed the allocation of decision rights. Technologies enabling the shift to net-enabled decentralized C2 must be coupled with appropriate policies and procedures, and occasionally must overcome mid- level institutional cultural resistance.
Willkommen in München: a HyperCard database for use in teaching German
Creators: name: Torlot, Belinda J.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Willkommen in München: a HyperCard database for use in teaching German
Improving Robustness using Joint Attention Network For Detecting Retinal Degeneration From Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Creators: name: Kamran, Sharif Amit
name: Tavakkoli, Alireza
name: Zuckerbrod, Stewart Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Noisy data and the similarity in the ocular appearances caused by different ophthalmic pathologies pose significant challenges for an automated expert system to accurately detect retinal diseases. In addition, the lack of knowledge transferability and the need for unreasonably large datasets limit clinical application of current machine learning systems. To increase robustness, a better understanding of how the retinal subspace deformations lead to various levels of disease severity needs to be utilized for prioritizing disease-specific model details. In this paper we propose the use of disease-specific feature representation as a novel architecture comprised of two joint networks -- one for supervised encoding of disease model and the other for producing attention maps in an unsupervised manner to retain disease specific spatial information. Our experimental results on publicly available datasets show the proposed joint-network significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of state-of-the-art retinal disease classification networks on unseen datasets.
description: \c{opyright} 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
The First Year at LHC: Diffractive Physics
Creators: name: Deile, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the LHC, diffractive physics will be explored by the dedicated experiment TOTEM whose Technical Design Report has been approved in Summer 2004. The experimental programme will be carried out partly in TOTEM standalone mode for purely forward phenomena like elastic scattering, and partly in collaboration with CMS for processes requiring a full rapidity coverage. ATLAS and ALICE are interested in diffraction for a later stage. This article presents the TOTEM/CMS running scenario for diffractive physics in the first year of LHC. We discuss which processes are within reach and with which statistics they can be measured.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures; proceedings of "Physics at LHC", July 2004, Vienna; to be published in a supplement of the Czechoslovak Journal of Physics
Are Travelers Willing to Pay a Premium to Stay at a “Green” Hotel? Evidence from an Internal Meta-Analysis of Hedonic Price Premia
Creators: name: Kuminoff, Nicolai V.
name: Zhang, Congwen
name: Rudi, Jeta
name: Kuminoff, Nicolai V.
name: Zhang, Congwen
name: Rudi, Jeta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: green lodging
subject: hedonic
subject: hotel
subject: internal meta-analysis

description: A growing number of hotels provide “green” lodging for travelers with strong environmental preferences. Twelve states have developed certification programs to regulate these claims. After describing the new market for green lodging, we use data on prices and amenities of “green” and “brown” hotels in Virginia to estimate a hedonic model of hotel room pricing. We find that travelers can expect to pay a significant premium for a standard room in a green hotel. An internal meta-analysis is used to evaluate the robustness of this result to subjective econometric modeling decisions. Our results indicate a premium between $9 and $26.
Observation of an Isotriplet of Excited Charmed Baryons Decaying to $Λ_c^+ π$
Creators: name: Mizuk, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of an isotriplet of excited charmed baryons, decaying into Lambda_c+ pi-, Lambda_c+ pi0 and Lambda_c+ pi+. We measure the mass differences M(Lambda_c+ pi)-M(Lambda_c+) and widths to be 515.4 +3.2-3.1 +2.1-6.0 MeV/c^2, 61 +18-13 +22-13 MeV for the neutral state; 505.4 +5.8-4.6 +12.4-2.0 MeV/c^2, 62 +37-23 +52-38 MeV for the charged state and 514.5 +3.4-3.1 +2.8-4.9 MeV/c^2, 75 +18-13 +12-11 MeV for the doubly charged state, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. These results are obtained from a 281 /fb data sample collected with the Belle detector near the Upsilon(4S) resonance, at the KEKB asymmetric energy e+e- collider.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of $Υ$(1S) and $Υ$(2S) mesons in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 5.02 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second-order Fourier coefficients ($v_2$) characterizing the azimuthal distribution of $Υ$(1S) and $Υ$(2S) mesons arising from PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 5.02 TeV are studied. The $Υ$ mesons are reconstructed in their dimuon decay channel, as measured by the CMS detector. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb$^{-1}$. The scalar product method is used to extract the $v_2$ coefficients of the azimuthal distribution. Results are reported for the rapidity range $|y|$ $\lt$ 2.4, with the transverse momentum 0 $\lt$ $p_\mathrm{T}$ $\lt$ 50 GeV/$c$, and in three centrality ranges of 10-30%, 30-50% and 50-90%. In contrast to the J/$ψ$ mesons, the measured $v_2$ values for the $Υ$ mesons are found to be consistent with zero.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-19-002 (CMS Public Pages)
A modified Balitsky-Kovchegov equation
Creators: name: Gotsman, E.
name: Levin, E.
name: Maor, U.
name: Naftali, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a modified version of the Balitsky-Kovchegov (B-K) evolution equation, which includes the main NLO corrections. We use the result that the main NLO corrections to the BFKL kernel are the LO DGLAP corrections. We present a numerical solution of the modified nonlinear equation, and compare with the solution of the unmodified B-K equation. We show that the saturation momentum has a sharp increase in the LHC energy range. Our numerical solution indicates that the influence of the pre-asymptotic corrections, related to the full anomolous dimensions of the DGLAP equation, are rather large. These corrections moderate the energy behaviour of the amplitude, as well as the value of the saturation scale. All our calculations are made with a fixed value of $α_{s}$.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Role of biologically important imidazole moiety on the antimicrobial and anticancer activity of Fe(III) and Mn(II) complexes
Creators: name: M. Shahnawaz Khan
name: Mohd Umar Hayat
name: Madiha Khanam
name: Saeed, Haris
name: Owais, Mohammad
name: Mohd Khalid
name: M. Shahid
name: Musheer Ahmad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Currently, most pathogens influencing a number of epidemics outline a notable warning to human health. It has pushed researchers to design new antimicrobial drugs using transition metals that are studied in proceeding fewer years for their antimicrobial properties. Henceforth, in this work, two mononuclear complexes [Imz-H][Fe(pda)2]⋅1⋅3H2O (1) and [Mn(Imz)6]⋅2Cl-⋅2H2O (2) [Imz = imidazole and H2pda = 2,6 pyridine dicarboxylic acid] are isolated and characterized systematically by various spectral and single-crystal XRD studies. The antimicrobial activity of the present hexadentate complexes of Fe(III) and Mn(II) against Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria is also assessed. Augmented activity against standard isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is observed. Similar activity was also observed toward Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes. 1 and 2 have excellent bactericidal activity, and no resistant mutant for S. aureus was seen. The compound also unveiled antibiofilm activity and was capable to disrupt significantly the pre-formed biofilms and this property was confirmed by XTT assay experiment. The MTT assay data indicate that 1 and 2 can be used as anticancer agents toward the RAW 64.7 (human macrophage/monocyte) cell line. Further, the molecular docking study reveals that the role of imidazole is very important in the biological activity of these complexes. Moreover, our results suggest that 1 and 2 with its effective anti-microbial, anti-biofilm and cytotoxicity activity can be used to treat bacterial and fungal infections and could be appraised clinically for further applications. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma