cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of fatigue on the intra-cycle acceleration in front crawl swimming: A time-frequency analysis
Creators: name: Tella, V.
name: Toca-Herrera, J. L.
name: Gallach, J. E.
name: Benavent, J.
name: Gonzalez, L. M.
name: Arellano, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present study analyzes the changes in acceleration produced by swimmers before and after fatiguing effort. The subjects (n=15) performed a 25-meter crawl series at maximum speed without fatigue, and a second series with fatigue. The data were registered with a synchronized system that consisted in a position transducer (1 kHz) and a video photogrametry (50Hz). The acceleration (ms-2) was obtained by the derivative analysis of the variation of the position with time. The amplitude in the time domain was calculated with the root mean square (RMS); while the peak power (PP), the peak power frequency (PPF) and the spectrum area (SA) was calculated in the frequency domain with Fourier analysis. On one hand, the results of the temporal domain show that the RMS change percentage between series was 67.5% (p<0.001). On the other hand, PP, PPF, and SA show significant changes (p<0.001). PP and SA were reduced by 63.1% and 59.5%, respectively. Our results show that the acceleration analysis of the swimmer with Fourier analysis permits a more precise understanding of which propulsive forces contribute to the swimmer performance before and after fatigue appears.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables
Gerechtigkeit, Frieden und die Integrität der Weihnachtsbäume
Creators: name: Tinker, George E.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 38 Nr. 2 (1989): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 38, Heft 2
From Jena to Mainz (and back again) - "The Odyssey of 41 Glassmakers" began fifty years ago
Creators: name: Steiner, Jürger
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: A half century ago, World War II came to an end. Germany had been reduced to rubble. It was then, in June 1945, that an adventurous journey began for 41 employees of the Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen., located in Jena, Thuringia, which did not end until seven years later in Mainz when a new main plant went into operation. This journey has gone down in history as the Odyssey of 41 Glassmakers". It was the most striking turning point in Schott's corporate history and in the personal histories of the people involved. The development, which took its start at the beginning of "the Odyssey of 41 Glassmakers", reflects in an exemplary manner the history of Germany in the past 50 years. For more than four decades, two rival Schott companies existed, one in the West and one in the East. Not until Germany ceased to be a divided country was it possible to reunite Schott in Mainz and Schott in Jena. Exactly 50 years after the start of "the Odyssey of 41 Glassmakers", the glassworks in Jena has now been fully integrated into the Schott Group.
The Demographics of Exoplanets
Creators: name: Gaudi, B. Scott
name: Christiansen, Jessie L.
name: Meyer, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the broadest sense, the primary goal of exoplanet demographic surveys is to determine the frequency and distribution of planets as a function of as many of the physical parameters that may influence planet formation and evolution as possible, over as broad of a range of these parameters as possible. Empirically-determined exoplanet demographics provide the ground truth that all planet formation and evolution theories must reproduce. By comparing these planet distributions to the predictions of planet formation theories, we can begin to both test and refine these theories. In this chapter, we review the major results on exoplanet demographics to date. In this context, we identify a set of important open questions that remain to be answered. We outline the challenges of measuring the demographics of exoplanets using the variety of detection methods at our disposal. Finally, we summarize some of the future opportunities for refining and expanding our understanding of exoplanet demographics.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures. To appear as a book chapter in "ExoFrontiers: Big questions in exoplanetary science", Ed. N Madhusudhan (Bristol: IOP Publishing Ltd) AAS-IOP ebooks, https://iopscience.iop.org/bookListInfo/aas-iop-astronomy
AdS/CFT v.s. String Loops
Creators: name: Grignani, Gianluca
name: Orselli, Marta
name: Ramadanovic, Bojan
name: Semenoff, Gordon W.
name: Young, Donovan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one string-loop correction to the energies of two impurity BMN states are computed using IIB light-cone string field theory with an improved 3-string vertex that has been proposed by Dobashi and Yoneya. As in previous published computations, the string vertices are truncated to the 2-impurity channel. The result is compared with the prediction from non-planar corrections in the BMN limit of $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. It is found to agree at leading order -- one-loop in Yang-Mills theory -- and is close but not quite in agreement at order two Yang-Mills loops. Furthermore, in addition to the leading 1/2 power in the t'Hooft coupling, which is generic in string field theory, and which we have previously argued cancels, we find that the 3/2 and 5/2 powers are also miraculously absent.
description: 13 pages
3D chemical structure of diffuse turbulent ISM. I. Statistics of the HI-to-H$_2$ transition
Creators: name: Bellomi, Elena
name: Godard, Benjamin
name: Hennebelle, Patrick
name: Valdivia, Valeska
name: Forêts, Guillaume Pineau des
name: Lesaffre, Pierre
name: Pérault, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the statistical properties of the HI-to-H$_2$ transition observed in absorption in the local diffuse and multiphase ISM to identify the physical processes controlling the probability of occurrence of any line of sight. The turbulent diffuse ISM is modeled using the RAMSES code, which includes detailed treatments of the magnetohydrodynamics, the thermal evolution of the gas, and the chemistry of H$_2$. The impacts of the UV radiation field, the mean density, the turbulent forcing, the integral scale, the magnetic field, and the gravity on the molecular content of the gas are explored through a parametric study covering a wide range of physical conditions. The statistics of the HI-to-H$_2$ transition are interpreted through analytical prescriptions and compared with the observations using a modified and robust version of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results of one simulation, convolved with the distribution of distances of the observational sample, are able to explain most of the statistical properties of the HI-to-H$_2$ transition observed in the local ISM. The tightest agreement is obtained for a neutral diffuse gas modeled over ~200 pc, with a mean density of $1-2$ cm$^{-3}$, illuminated by the standard interstellar UV radiation field, and stirred up by a large-scale compressive turbulent forcing. Within this configuration, the 2D probability histogram of the column densities of H and H$_2$ is remarkably stable and is almost unaltered by gravity, the strength of the turbulent forcing, the resolution of the simulation, or the strength of the magnetic field $B_x$. The weak effect of the resolution and our analytical prescription suggest that the column densities of HI are likely built up in large-scale WNM and CNM structures correlated in density over ~20 pc and ~10 pc, respectively, while those of H$_2$ are built up in CNM structures between ~3 pc and ~10 pc.
Quivers, Tilings, Branes and Rhombi
Creators: name: Hanany, Amihay
name: Vegh, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a simple algorithm that computes the recently discovered brane tilings for a given generic toric singular Calabi-Yau threefold. This therefore gives AdS/CFT dual quiver gauge theories for D3-branes probing the given non-compact manifold. The algorithm solves a longstanding problem by computing superpotentials for these theories directly from the toric diagram of the singularity. We study the parameter space of a-maximization; this study is made possible by identifying the R-charges of bifundamental fields as angles in the brane tiling. We also study Seiberg duality from a new perspective.
description: 36 pages, 40 figures, JHEP3
Men’s Perceptions of the Value of Women Leaders in Higher Education
Creators: name: Jones, Stephanie J.
name: Ryan Pal, Patricia
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2021

description: This qualitative research study, framed by social role theory, explored the perceptions of 20 men faculty and academic administrators at doctoral-granting highest research-intensive universities located in the Southwestern region of the U.S. The focus of the study was their perceptions of the value of women leaders, the differences between how men and women are valued in higher education, and the stereotypes and challenges that contribute to how women are valued as leaders. Findings from this study show that men faculty and administrators do not always value women as leaders; differences between academia and industry may exist surrounding how women are valued as leaders; institutional leadership may perpetuate the devaluation of women as leaders; and the value of women in higher education leadership remains a reflection of how women are valued in society. Differences between how men and women are valued were also explored, finding that men faculty and administrators may not see the differences in value based on gender; gender differences exist in regards to standards for evaluation and reward in higher education; and women are perceived to devalue themselves. Challenges that contribute to how women are valued were identified, including the continuation of homosociality that promotes men supporting other men, and the existence of stereotypes and biases that give men an advantage and undermine women in leadership roles. Keywords: social value, women’s leadership, gender
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 40 No. 1 (2021): Advancing Women in Leadership
Security of two quantum cryptography protocols using the same four qubit states
Creators: name: Branciard, Cyril
name: Gisin, Nicolas
name: Kraus, Barbara
name: Scarani, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first quantum cryptography protocol, proposed by Bennett and Brassard in 1984 (BB84), has been widely studied in the last years. This protocol uses four states (more precisely, two complementary bases) for the encoding of the classical bit. Recently, it has been noticed that by using the same four states, but a different encoding of information, one can define a new protocol which is more robust in practical implementations, specifically when attenuated laser pulses are used instead of single-photon sources [V. Scarani et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 92}, 057901 (2004); referred to as SARG04]. We present a detailed study of SARG04 in two different regimes. In the first part, we consider an implementation with a single-photon source: we derive bounds on the error rate $Q$ for security against all possible attacks by the eavesdropper. The lower and the upper bound obtained for SARG04 ($Q\lesssim 10.95%$ and $Q\gtrsim 14.9%$ respectively) are close to those obtained for BB84 ($Q\lesssim 12.4%$ and $Q\gtrsim 14.6%$ respectively). In the second part, we consider the realistic source consisting of an attenuated laser and improve on previous analysis by allowing Alice to optimize the mean number of photons as a function of the distance. SARG04 is found to perform better than BB84, both in secret key rate and in maximal achievable distance, for a wide class of Eve's attacks.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, published version
Women Perceive Barriers to Corporate Advancement as Self-imposed
Creators: name: DeSimone, Kimberly
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2021

description: The purpose of this study is to address a disconnect between women’s perceptions of their advancement potential / barriers to success in upper echelon corporate roles and their actual level of representation within such roles in companies in the S&P 500. This study involves the use of semi-structured phone interviews with 13 women in an organization in the S&P 500, who have been identified by organizational leadership as having high advancement potential. The results are evaluated using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to ensure an understanding of respondents’ experiences and perceptions in connection with their own process of meaning-making. In the findings, the participants’ responses indicate a disconnect between primarily positive perceptions on advancement opportunities for women, low levels of gender bias, and diversity initiatives and the actual outcomes regarding numbers of women in top leadership roles. Further, participants consistently espouse a strong sense of personal responsibility and a perception that barriers they encounter are self-imposed. This is consistent with an overall institutional narrative that organizational initiatives have mitigated the problem of women’s barriers to advancement in the corporate pipeline, which serves to reinforce the illusion of an equitable and effective meritocracy. By drawing on a phenomenological research design and prioritizing the experiences and perceptions of women on the edge of advancement into upper echelon corporate roles, it becomes evident that corporate narratives and diversity initiatives may be serving to reinforce, rather than ameliorate, the status quo of gender disparity in Corporate America. Both scholars and institutional stakeholders can build on the results of this study to move toward improving the corporate pipeline for women’s advancement to executive-level roles. Keywords: gender, women’s advancement, corporate pipeline, stereotypic attribution bias
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 40 No. 1 (2021): Advancing Women in Leadership
Experimentally accessible bounds on distillable entanglement from entropic uncertainty relations
Creators: name: Bergh, Bjarne
name: Gärttner, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is not only the resource that fuels many quantum technologies but also plays a key role for some of the most profound open questions of fundamental physics. Experiments controlling quantum systems at the single quantum level may shed light on these puzzles. However, measuring, or even bounding, entanglement experimentally has proven to be an outstanding challenge, especially when the prepared quantum states are mixed. We use entropic uncertainty relations for bipartite systems to derive measurable lower bounds on distillable entanglement. We showcase these bounds by applying them to physical models realizable in cold-atom experiments. The derived entanglement bounds rely on measurements in only two different bases and are generically applicable to any quantum simulation platform.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; v2: accepted version; see also the companion paper arXiv:2101.08848 [Phys. Rev. A 103, 052412 (2021)]
The relationship between marine survival rates of Robertson Creek chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and their first marine year lengths and growth rates
Creators: name: Tovey, Christine Phyllis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The importance of smolt size and early ocean growth to the marine survival of chinook salmon was investigated over a 10 year period for Robertson Creek hatchery Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Comparisons of marine survival were made with smolt lengths and growth rates back-calculated from the scales of age 0.3 female chinook entering the ocean between 1982 and 1991. Marine survival was not correlated with smolt length (r* = 0.29; P = 0.139). Marine survival was significantly positively correlated with growth rates estimated for the first 12 marine circuli (r2: 0.88 to 0.93; P < 0.01). These circuli formed in July and August as estimated from the number of days taken for marine scale growth to begin following hatchery release (34 d) and the rate of deposition of marine circuli (6.8 d per circulus). During this time the majority of juvenile chinook were found to reside in Barkley Sound adjacent to the northernmost portion of the temporally dynamic Coastal Upwelling Domain. The period of high correlation was found to occur within the summer upwelling season, when predominantly north-westerly winds result in the upwelling of nutrient-rich waters and a peak in zooplankton biomass. Marine growth rates are suggested to be a linear function of the summer plankton productivity -- a dome-shaped relationship was found between July-August growth rates and the magnitude of summer upwelling (Bakun Index averaged over June, July and August; r2 = 0.68; P = 0.06) and Cury and Roy (1989) found that the productivity of Ekman-type upwelling systems is a dome-shaped function of the magnitude of the upwelling favourable winds. The strong relationship between growth and survival is suggested to result from the benefits of fast growth to survival as well as from changes in predation intensity varying concurrently with oceanographic conditions indicative of productivity. In years when large numbers of Pacific mackerel {Scomber japonicus) migrated into the upwelling region, marine survival was low independent of the conditions for growth.
Indentation fatigue of soda-lime-silica glass
Creators: name: Banerjee, Rajat
name: Sarkar, Bijit Kumar
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: Experiments were conducted to initiate cracks on soda-lime-silica glass by repeated indentation at a single point with different subcritical loads (0.1, 0.15, 0.25, 0.5 N) and a critical load of 1 N, similar to metal fatigue. It was observed that the diagonal length of the impression after each indentation cycle at different subcritical loads increased to a limit until hair-line radial cracks were initiated leading to eventual cracking. This phenomenon was analyzed based on cumulative residual stress and plastic deformation at the vicinity of the indentation causing eventual cracking.
Exploration of Women's Leadership Development Challenges and Transformational Learning: A Positional Paper
Creators: name: Andreas, Sarah
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2021

description: My review of the positions that involving decision-making roles shows that women still hold less than 26% of the decision-making roles within Fortune Magazine’s list of Top 500 companies, higher education, and politics. Fortune 500 boards of directors and entrepreneurs show increasing rates of women in decision-making roles. Surveys related to the division of labor in households show that women are still responsible for the majority of the work needed to keep the household running. These factors, along with challenges such as a lack of positive social feedback for aspiring women leaders, gender stereotypes, educational methods, and a lack of prominent role models, can affect women’s development as leaders and the number of women in leadership roles. This paper explores social feedback, gender stereotypes, conditional teaching, and lack of role models as affecting women’s potential and development as leaders. This review also explores applying lessons from the transformational learning literature to women’s leadership development process. Keywords: transformational learning, leadership development, identity development, women's leadership development, gender stereotypes, social constructs
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 40 No. 1 (2021): Advancing Women in Leadership
Damping of vortex waves in a superfluid
Creators: name: Cataldo, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The damping of vortex cyclotron modes is investigated within a generalized quantum theory of vortex waves. Similarly to the case of Kelvin modes, the friction coefficient turns out to be essentially unchanged under such oscillations, but it is shown to be affected by appreciable memory corrections. On the other hand, the nonequilibrium energetics of the vortex, which is investigated within the framework of linear response theory, shows that its memory corrections are negligible. The vortex response is found to be of the Debye type, with a relaxation frequency whose dependence on temperature and impurity concentration reflects the complexity of the heat bath and its interaction with the vortex.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures. To be published in J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. For related references see http://www.df.uba.ar/users/cataldo/
Cable Loop Calibration System for Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuanyuan
name: Hui, Jiaqi
name: Liu, Jianglai
name: Xiao, Mengjiao
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Zhang, Feiyang
name: Meng, Yue
name: Xu, Donglian
name: Ye, Ziping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A cable loop source calibration system is developed for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory, a 20 kton spherical liquid scintillator neutrino experiment. This system is capable of deploying radioactive sources into different positions of the detector in a vertical plane with a few-cm position accuracy. The design and the performance of the prototype are reported in this paper.
description: 19 pages and 17 figures
Phase transitions induced by variation of invasion rates in spatial cyclic predator-prey models with four or six species
Creators: name: Szabo, Gyorgy
name: Szolnoki, Attila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cyclic predator-prey models with four or six species are studied on a square lattice when the invasion rates are varied. It is found that the cyclic invasions maintain a self-organizing pattern as long as the deviation of the invasion rate(s) from a uniform value does not exceed a threshold value. For larger deviations the system exhibits a continuous phase transition into a frozen distribution of odd (or even) label species.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Evaluation of a Full-Depth Asphaltic Concrete Pavement
Creators: name: Southgate, Herbert F.
name: Sharpe, Gary W.
name: Anderson, Mark
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This study was initiated to verify a newly-developed set of design curves for full-depth asphaltic concrete pavements. Quality control during construction was checked using nuclear density testers, Benkelman beams, and a Road Rater. During the course of this study, an analysis system (predicated upon the elastic theory model) was developed to interpret the dynamic deflections as measured by the Road Rater. The thickness design curves were verified by elastic theory and deflection testing within the accuracy of construction variations.  Measured rut depths were analyzed in terms of potential rut depth resulting from consolidation under traffic due to lack of obtaining 100-percent of Marshall density during compaction.  Traffic was monitored using automatic traffic counters, manual classification/volume counts, and weigh-in-motion scales installed in the pavement.
Entanglement detection in quantum many-body systems using entropic uncertainty relations
Creators: name: Bergh, Bjarne
name: Gärttner, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study experimentally accessible lower bounds on entanglement measures based on entropic uncertainty relations. Experimentally quantifying entanglement is highly desired for applications of quantum simulation experiments to fundamental questions, e.g., in quantum statistical mechanics and condensed-matter physics. At the same time it poses a significant challenge because the evaluation of entanglement measures typically requires the full reconstruction of the quantum state, which is extremely costly in terms of measurement statistics. We derive an improved entanglement bound for bipartite systems, which requires measuring joint probability distributions in only two different measurement settings per subsystem, and demonstrate its power by applying it to currently operational experimental setups for quantum simulation with cold atoms. Examining the tightness of the derived entanglement bound, we find that the set of pure states for which our relation is tight is strongly restricted. We show that for measurements in mutually unbiased bases the only pure states that saturate the bound are maximally entangled states on a subspace of the bipartite Hilbert space (this includes product states). We further show that our relation can also be employed for entanglement detection using generalized measurements, i.e., when not all measurement outcomes can be resolved individually by the detector. In addition, the impact of local conserved quantities on the detectable entanglement is discussed.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures; v2: accepted version; see also the companion paper arXiv:2101.08847 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 190503 (2021)]
Quantum key distribution system clocked at 2 GHz
Creators: name: Gordon, K. J.
name: Fernandez, V.
name: Buller, G. S.
name: Rech, I.
name: Cova, S. D.
name: Townsend, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An improved quantum key distribution test system operating at clock rates of up to 2GHz using a specially adapted commercially available silicon single photon avalanche diode is presented. The use of improved detectors has improved the fibre-based test system performance in terms of transmission distance and quantum bit error rate.
Corrections to: Involutions fixing $\Bbb{RP}^{\text{odd}}\sqcup P(h,i)$, II
Creators: name: Chen, Bo
name: Lü, Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R85, 57S17, 55N22, 57R20

description: The purpose of this note is to correct statements of some assertions in \cite{l}.
Method for determining in-vitro dissolution rates of man-made vitreous fibres
Creators: name: Guldberg, Marianne
name: Christensen, Vermund R.
name: Krøis, Winni
name: Sebastian, Klaus
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: A "state-of-the-art" method for determining the in-vitro dissolution rate of man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) is described. The dissolution rate is determined using an artificial lung fluid, adjusted to pH values of 7.5 or of 4.5, reflecting that the dissolution in vivo takes place both in the near-neutral lung fluid and in the acidic environment of the macrophages. The method is based on flow-through equipment and prescribes well-defined conditions using a ratio of the flow rate to surface area of 0.03 µm/s. The results obtained with this method correlate to results from in-vivo tests, and thus the method provides a tool for a comparative evaluation of the biodurability of different fibre types. The described method seems suitable to be estabhshed as a provisional standard test, until further investigations allow the definition of a final standard test. The empirically derived carcinogenicity index (KI) extrapolates the in-vitro results obtained for some fibre types at the neutral pH value to other very different fibre types. The proposed in-vitro method avoids these uncertain generalizations, as it is based on actually measured dissolution rates at pH values 7.5 and 4.5, respectively.
Women of Color in Community Colleges: Leadership Development
Creators: name: Gutierrez Keeton, Rebecca
name: Currie, Ding-Jo
name: Pizano, Netasha
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2021

description: This quantitative study assessed the impact of the Kaleidoscope Leadership Institute (KLI) model of professional development on KLI on 140 participants’ personal and professional lives. The model was designed for community college women of color and led by female presidents/chancellors. Participants report gains in career and educational advancements, new networks, and mentorships across races/ethnicities and higher education positions. Researchers conclude that cross-cultural networking, mentoring, and identity development are beneficial and recommend that professional associations and institutions expand the KLI model to increase institutional leadership diversity. Keywords: Community college, leadership development, women of color, identity-based leadership development, female college presidents, female leaders, mentoring, networking, identity development, institutional racism
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 40 No. 1 (2021): Advancing Women in Leadership
Adiabatically Induced Orbital Magnetization
Creators: name: Xiao, Cong
name: Ren, Yafei
name: Xiong, Bangguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A semiclassical theory for the orbital magnetization due to adiabatic evolutions of Bloch electronic states is proposed. It renders a unified theory for the periodic-evolution pumped orbital magnetization and the orbital magnetoelectric response in insulators by revealing that these two phenomena are the only instances where the induced magnetization is gauge invariant. This theory also accounts for the electric-field induced intrinsic orbital magnetization in two-dimensional metals and Chern insulators. We illustrate the orbital magnetization pumped by microscopic local rotations of atoms, which correspond to phonon modes with angular momentum, in toy models based on honeycomb lattice, and the results are comparable to the pumped spin magnetization via strong Rashba spin orbit coupling. We also show the vital role of the orbital magnetoelectricity in validating the Mott relation between the intrinsic nonlinear anomalous Hall and Ettingshausen effects.
description: refined version
On the generation of density perturbations at the end of inflation
Creators: name: Salem, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a mechanism was proposed whereby the primordial density perturbations are generated at the end of inflation. We continue the analysis of the proposed model of this mechanism and calculate the maximum extent to which the density perturbations produced via this model can dominate over those of the standard inflationary paradigm. In addition, we provide a straightforward variation of this model which allows for greater amplification of the density perturbations. Finally, we show that a variation in the implementation of the original model results in significant non-gaussianities in the resulting spectrum of density perturbations. The level of non-gaussianities can be made to saturate the current observational bound.
description: 7 pages, no figures. v2: significant revisions to section IV, other comments clarified, references added. v3: typo corrected, version that appears in PRD. v4: some misstatements in the background section corrected, no change in results. v5: erratum added to correct the predictions of section V.B, reference added
Effects of Load Distributions and Axle and Tire Configurations on Pavement Fatigue
Creators: name: Southgate, Herbert F.
name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Damage factor relationships for axle and tire configurations are presented. Adjustment factors are provided to account for variations in load distributions within axle groups, distances between axles of a tandem, and variations in tire pressure for both dual and flotation tires.  Properly accounting for accumulated fatigue of a pavement requires a traffic volume, proportions of vehicle styles (classifications) within the of service, estimate of the average damage factor for each classification, reasonable measure of traffic stream, dates and estimates of tire contact pressures.  All adjustment factors presented are based on analyses of a limited number of structures and should be used with caution. The accuracy of these analyses is not in question, but the range of structures investigated was limited. They are intended to indicate the trend, shape, and sensitivity of various inter-relationships and their relative magnitudes. Modifications may have to be made upon the analyses of additional pavement structures. Kentucky traffic may differ from that in other areas, both in types of vehicles in the traffic stream and the type and direction that cargo is being transported.
Distributions of Strain Components and Work Within Flexible Pavement Structures
Creators: name: Southgate, Herbert F.
name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: An investigation was made to determine the location along the centerline of the axle of the maximum strain energy density, or work, in the pavement as defined by classical physics. The location is under the inside edge of either dual tire. The most influential strain was the shear component. The distribution of shear strains and stresses with depth through the full-depth asphaltic concrete and into the subgrade was investigated. Using Simpson's rule for an even number of increments, or using the trapezoidal rule, allows the summation of strain energy density calculated at various depths. This sum multiplied by a unit volume converts the strain energy density to work as defined by classical physics. The sum of work throughout the pavement structure provides a greater insight to the behavior of the pavement because all components of strain, or stress, are considered and the variation throughout the depth may be large according to the location within the tire print. The sum of strain energy density is much greater under the edge of the dual tire compared to that under the center of the dual tire, yet the magnitude of the strain energy density at the bottom of the asphaltic concrete may be nearly identical. For an 18-kip (80-kN) four-tired single axleload, the depth of maximum shear is approximately 35 to 40 percent of the thickness from the surface downward for a maximum pavement thickness of approximately 8 inches (203 mm); thereafter the depth of maximum shear moves toward the surface as the thickness increases. An investigation of shear stress indicated the maximum value was approximately 67 psi (0.46 GPa) due to an 18-kip (80-kN) single axleload and tire contact pressure of 80 psi (0.63 GPa). For an 80-kip (36-kN) tandem axleload and tire contact pressures of 100 psi (0.69 GPa), the shear stress increased o approximately 133 psi (0.92 GPa). As the tire contact pressures of 100 psi (o.69 GPa), the shear stress increased to approximately 133 psi (0.92 GPa). As the tire contact pressure increases, the shear stress may approach 200 psi (1.38 GPa).  Recommendations include eliminating any construction plane between the 1- to 4-inch (25– to 102–mm) depth from the surface and determining the shear resistance of the asphaltic concrete mix to insure that the mix can withstand a higher shear stress that is currently being obtained. Target values of shear stress have not been recommended for adoption because a limiting value has not been found in the literature.
Transition to parenthood : evolution of a relationship
Creators: name: Galbraith, Wendy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to explore couples' successful transitions to parenthood. Little research has addressed the benefits of parenthood and no research has examined the transition in terms of success. The aim of this study was to contribute to a contextual understanding of the influences that may determine a couple's success with regards to the transition. It was further intended to provide both couples and health service workers with information with which to help partners prepare for this transition. Hopes were that couples, after becoming parents, are able to derive increased marital satisfaction as a result not singularly of their love for their children, but also for their partners. This study used interview and multiple case methodology. Four couples were interviewed individually, all having determined that they had successfully managed the transition to parenthood. Interviews were then transcribed, from which individual narratives were created based upon the unique story of each participant. Factors that contributed to the couples' success were extracted from the narratives and transcripts and then analyzed for commonalities. The participants then validated these commonalities.
Primordial Black Holes in the Excursion Set Theory
Creators: name: Erfani, Encieh
name: Kameli, Hamed
name: Baghram, Shant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study primordial black holes (PBHs) formation in the excursion set theory (EST) in a vast range of PBHs masses with and without confirmed constraints on their abundance. In this work, we introduce a new concept of the first touch in the context of EST for PBHs formation. This new framework takes into account the earlier horizon reentry of smaller masses. Our study shows that in the EST, it is possible to produce PBHs in different mass range, with enhanced power spectrum, which could make up all dark matter. We also show that in a broad blue-tilted power spectrum, the production of PBHs is dominated by smaller masses. Our analysis put an upper limit $\sim\,$0.1 on the amplitude of the curvature power spectrum at length scales relevant for PBHs formation.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Mechanical properties and microstructure of In-Ceram, a ceramic-glass composite for dental crowns
Creators: name: Hornberger, Helga
name: Marquis, Peter M.
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: The mechanical properties and microstructure of In-Ceram have been investigated. In-Ceram is an alumina-glass composite used for the core of dental crowns produced by infiltrating a glass through a porous alumina skeleton framework. A key property of dental cores besides aesthetic is mechanical strength. The factors affecting strength and microstructure of In-Ceram are discussed in comparison with conventional dental core porcelain. The mean strength of In-Ceram has been found to exceed 600 MPa (ballon- ring tests), but the variance of the measurements is high, demonstrating the importance of the precise preparation of the composite. The influence of aqueous and acidic environment on strength was also studied. The results indicate that In-Ceram, although sensitive to acetic and aqueous environments, combines a level of strength and toughness which should result in an improved clinical performance. EDX-analysis and dilatometry showed that the composition and thermal expansion of the composite phases, glass phase and alumina particles, contribute to the fracture resistance and strength of the composite.
Integrable Models of 1+1 Dimensional Dilaton Gravity Coupled to Scalar Matter
Creators: name: Filippov, A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A class of explicitly integrable models of 1+1 dimensional dilaton gravity coupled to scalar fields is described in some detail. The equations of motion of these models reduce to systems of the Liouville equations endowed with energy and momentum constraints. The general solution of the equations and constraints in terms of chiral moduli fields is explicitly constructed and some extensions of the basic integrable model are briefly discussed. These models may be related to high dimensional supergravity theories but here they are mostly considered independently of such interpretations. A brief review of other integrable models of two-dimensional dilaton gravity is also given.
description: 14 pages. In Section 2, 1.5 pages and 8 references were added to make the review of other integrable models more complete. In the rest of the paper 4 footnotes were added, several misprints corrected and a few potentially misleading comments clarified or deleted
One more time - the making of the diatreta cups
Creators: name: Lierke, Rosemarie
Publisher: name: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 660

description: It is usually assumed that the Roman cage or diatreta cups are cut from a thick-walled blank. This theory is not in accordance with typical features of the ancient originals. It will be shown that the diatreta cups were cut from a double shell blank which was made hot on a turning wheel. The diatreta cups are evidence for a revival of the turning wheel production of glass in Late Roman time.
Women in Computer Science and Engineering: A Transformational Leadership Approach to Gender Equity
Creators: name: Ryan, Lindy
name: D­Az, Eduardo R
name: Grow, Arron P.
Publisher: name: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
Year: 2021

description: The underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is a phenomenon that needs to be addressed from an educational perspective. Within the domains of computer science and engineering (CS&E) the gender imbalance is even more acute as the underrepresentation of women not only persists but has increased over the past few decades (Corbett & Hill, 2015; Master et al., 2016). In this paper a discussion of the current situation of women’s underrepresentation across broad CS&E domains is presented. This will be demonstrated through a review of research into the historical factors and institutional practices that have been ongoing barriers to the inclusion of women in CS&E. Then, a discussion of how transformational leadership theory can serve as a tool for change to help scholars better understand the present situation, and then guide practitioners in overcoming it, is presented. To this end, the paper concludes with a discussion of how diversity and inclusion ideas, based on a transformational leadership approach, can improve gender equity in CS&E. Keywords: underrepresented, women, gender, transformational, leadership
description: Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, Vol. 40 No. 1 (2021): Advancing Women in Leadership
Exploring Lightweight Interventions at Posting Time to Reduce the Sharing of Misinformation on Social Media
Creators: name: Jahanbakhsh, Farnaz
name: Zhang, Amy X.
name: Berinsky, Adam J.
name: Pennycook, Gordon
name: Rand, David G.
name: Karger, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.3; J.4

description: When users on social media share content without considering its veracity, they may unwittingly be spreading misinformation. In this work, we investigate the design of lightweight interventions that nudge users to assess the accuracy of information as they share it. Such assessment may deter users from posting misinformation in the first place, and their assessments may also provide useful guidance to friends aiming to assess those posts themselves. In support of lightweight assessment, we first develop a taxonomy of the reasons why people believe a news claim is or is not true; this taxonomy yields a checklist that can be used at posting time. We conduct evaluations to demonstrate that the checklist is an accurate and comprehensive encapsulation of people's free-response rationales. In a second experiment, we study the effects of three behavioral nudges -- 1) checkboxes indicating whether headings are accurate, 2) tagging reasons (from our taxonomy) that a post is accurate via a checklist and 3) providing free-text rationales for why a headline is or is not accurate -- on people's intention of sharing the headline on social media. From an experiment with 1668 participants, we find that both providing accuracy assessment and rationale reduce the sharing of false content. They also reduce the sharing of true content, but to a lesser degree that yields an overall decrease in the fraction of shared content that is false. Our findings have implications for designing social media and news sharing platforms that draw from richer signals of content credibility contributed by users. In addition, our validated taxonomy can be used by platforms and researchers as a way to gather rationales in an easier fashion than free-response.
description: In CSCW'21
Infrared fixed point of the top Yukawa coupling in split supersymmetry
Creators: name: Huitu, Katri
name: Laamanen, Jari
name: Roy, Probir
name: Roy, Sourov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The severe constraints imposed on the parameter space of the minimal split supersymmetry model by the infrared fixed point solution of the top Yukawa coupling $Y_t$ are studied in detail in terms of the value of the top quark mass measured at the Tevatron together with the lower bound on the lightest Higgs mass established by LEP. The sensitive dependence of the higgsino mass parameter $μ$ and of the gaugino coupling strengths ${\tilde g}_{u,d}$, ${\tilde g}^\prime_{u,d}$ on the value of $Y_t$ in the vicinity of the Landau pole is a remarkable consequence. A few other interesting features emerge, though the model is found to be disfavored within the infrared fixed point scenario because of the need to have several fine tunings at work on account of the requirement of a low upper bound on $\tanβ$.
description: Revtex4, 16 pages including EPS figures. A few references added and the relationship between the upper bound on tan_\beta and fine tuning amplified. Typos in the RGEs given in the appendix corrected. Version to be published in Phys. Rev. D