cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of gapless excitations and commensurate charge-density wave in the 2H-transition metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Barnett, Ryan
name: Polkovnikov, Anatoli
name: Demler, Eugene
name: Yin, Wei-Guo
name: Ku, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An unexpected feature common to 2H-transition metal dichalcogenides (2H-TMDs) is revealed with first-principles Wannier functions analysis of the electronic structure of the prototype 2H-TaSe2: The low-energy Ta \red{``$5d_{z^2}$''} bands governing the physics of charge-density wave (CDW) is dominated by hopping between next-nearest neighbors. With this motivation we develop a minimal effective model for the CDW formation, in which the unusual form of the hopping leads to an approximate decoupling of the three sublattices. In the CDW phase one sublattice remains undistorted, leaving the bands associated with it ungapped everywhere in the Fermi surface, resolving the long-standing puzzle of coexistence of gapless excitations and commensurate CDW in the 2H-TMDs.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
[Kawaiisu Photographs 1982-1983]
Creators: name: Barneche, Rose
name: Greene, Della
name: Klein, Sheldon
name: Peebles, Carmen
name: Peebles, George
name: Peltier, Anne
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: xaw
subject: Kawaiisu language

description: Digital copies of 31 photographs depicting Kawaiisu people and culturally relevant places and objects. Scanned from 31 original prints.
How to Train Your Differentiable Filter
Creators: name: Kloss, Alina
name: Martius, Georg
name: Bohg, Jeannette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many robotic applications, it is crucial to maintain a belief about the state of a system, which serves as input for planning and decision making and provides feedback during task execution. Bayesian Filtering algorithms address this state estimation problem, but they require models of process dynamics and sensory observations and the respective noise characteristics of these models. Recently, multiple works have demonstrated that these models can be learned by end-to-end training through differentiable versions of recursive filtering algorithms. In this work, we investigate the advantages of differentiable filters (DFs) over both unstructured learning approaches and manually-tuned filtering algorithms, and provide practical guidance to researchers interested in applying such differentiable filters. For this, we implement DFs with four different underlying filtering algorithms and compare them in extensive experiments. Specifically, we (i) evaluate different implementation choices and training approaches, (ii) investigate how well complex models of uncertainty can be learned in DFs, (iii) evaluate the effect of end-to-end training through DFs and (iv) compare the DFs among each other and to unstructured LSTM models.
description: Autonomous Robots (2021)
Large-scale magnetic field of the G8 dwarf xi Bootis A
Creators: name: Petit, P.
name: Donati, J. -F.
name: Auriere, M.
name: Landstreet, J. D.
name: Lignieres, F.
name: Marsden, S.
name: Mouillet, D.
name: Paletou, F.
name: Toque, N.
name: Wade, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the magnetic geometry of the active G8 dwarf xi Bootis A, from spectropolarimetric observations obtained in 2003 with the MuSiCoS echelle spectropolarimeter at the Telescope Bernard Lyot (Observatoire du Pic du Midi, France). We repeatedly detect a photospheric magnetic field, with periodic variations consistent with rotational modulation. Circularly polarized (Stokes V) line profiles present a systematic asymmetry, showing up as an excess in amplitude and area of the blue lobe of the profiles. A direct modeling of Stokes V profiles suggests that the global magnetic field is composed of two main components, with an inclined dipole and a large-scale toroidal field. We derive a dipole intensity of about 40 G, with an inclination of 35 degrees of the dipole with respect to the rotation axis. The toroidal field strength is of order of 120 G. A noticeable evolution of the field geometry is observed over the 40 nights of our observing window and results in an increase of the field strength and of the dipole inclination. This study is the first step of a long-term monitoring of xi Bootis A and other active solar-type stars, with the aim to investigate secular fluctuations of stellar magnetic geometries induced by activity cycles.
description: accepted by MNRAS
The Ten-Year Rule: Allocation of Emission Allowances in the EU Emission Trading System
Creators: name: Ahman, Markus
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Kruger, Joseph
name: Zetterberg, Lars
name: Ahman, Markus
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Kruger, Joseph
name: Zetterberg, Lars
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: emission trading
subject: allowance allocations
subject: closures
subject: new entrants
subject: tradable permits
subject: air pollution
subject: cost-effectiveness
subject: greenhouse gases
subject: climate change
subject: global warming
subject: carbon dioxide

description: In its guidance on National Allocation Plans (NAPs), the European Commission has discouraged Member States from adopting allocation methodologies that would provide incentives to firms affecting their compliance behavior. The purpose is to promote economic efficiency and to prevent strategic behavior that deviates from individual and collective cost-minimization. For example, some methodologies would reward one type of compliance investment over another. To discourage such actions, the EU Emission Trading System guidelines prohibit ex post redistribution of emission allowances within an allocation period based on behavior in that period. Similarly, the Commission has indicated that decisions about the initial distribution of allowances in the second phase (2008-2012) must depend on measures prior to 2005 so as not to give companies an incentive to adjust their behavior to receive a larger allowance allocation. However, two other aspects of the NAPs- the treatment of closures and new entrants -may also affect firm behavior. An undercurrent in these guidelines is the question of whether Member States should allow incumbent emitters to hold infinitely lived, once-and-for-all property rights to a share of the emission allowances in the future. This paper develops an approach for balancing efficiency considerations with perceived issues of fairness. We propose a ten-year rule to guide policy regarding closure of existing sources and the status of new sources and to guide the initial distribution of emission allowances in general. A ten-year rule would address issues of fairness and capture an important part of the potential gains that could be achieved through an efficient initial distribution of allowances.
Asymmetric induction and reaction selectivity in solid state organic photochemistry
Creators: name: Netherton, Matthew Russell
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A number of aromatic ketones were synthesized, and their type II photochemistry studied in solution and in the solid state. The purpose of these investigations was to elucidate the geometric parameters responsible for partitioning of the intermediate 1,4- hydroxybiradicals among the possible cleavage, cyclization, and reverse hydrogen transfer pathways. The four ketones studied proved to be very sensitive to changes in the disposition of the carbonyl chromophore, the position of which dictates the anticipated geometry of the biradical intermediate. In particular, it was found that cleavage was only efficient when reasonable overlap between the radical centres and the a-bond undergoing scission was present. Parameters governing the efficiency of the Yang photocyclization were also established. In addition, γ-hydrogen/deuterium exchange was observed on photolysis of an unreactive aromatic ketone using tert-butanol as solvent. This reaction is unprecedented in ketones that undergo γ-hydrogen abstraction, and is indicative of the high efficiency of reverse hydrogen transfer relative to other reaction pathways in this system. The ionic chiral auxiliary method of asymmetric induction was investigated in the solid state photochemistry of a series of macrocyclic aminoketones. Salts were formed between the achiral aminoketones (ring sizes of twelve, fourteen, and sixteen) and optically pure acids. The resulting chiral crystals were irradiated in the solid state, and the photoproducts analyzed for enantiomeric purity. Enantioselectivities ranging from poor to excellent were obtained, and X-ray crystallographic data from a number of these compounds provide insight on the origin of the observed stereoselectivities. The same technique for asymmetric induction was also studied in a benzocyclohexadienone system which undergoes photochemical rearrangement to form a chiral benzobicyclo[3.1.0]hexanone derivative. The planarity of this system was expected to limit conformational bias in product enantiodetermination, and thus allow the anisotropic directing effects of the chiral cavity to be studied. The enantioselectivities observed for these salts was generally low, although one derivative displayed possible synthetic utility (ee ca. 80%). Two reactant crystal structures were obtained, one of which contained a unique arrangement in which two photoreactive benzocyclohexadienone moieties were present in the optically active crystal as conformational enantiomers. The net result of the analysis is that the enantioselectivity observed on photolysis of this substrate is independent of conformational bias. Further computational studies are required to garner a complete understanding of this reaction
Environmental and Trade Policies: Some Methodological Lessons
Creators: name: Smith, V. Kerry
name: Espinosa, Juan Andres
name: Smith, V. Kerry
name: Espinosa, Juan Andres
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: trade and environmental policy
subject: CGE models

description: This paper describes the results of using a new computable general equilibrium model for the European Union that incorporates local and transboundary externalities to evaluate the effects of trade policy reform. In contrast to all past theoretical and empirical research, this model includes the morbidity effects of three criteria air pollutants as nonseparable arguments of household preferences. The model is based on the Harrison-Rutherford Wooton model that identifies 11 regions, six aggregate commodities and three factor inputs. Three modifications were made to the model: (a) Stone Geary utility functions were used to characterize preferences for each consumer; (b) nine morbidity effects due to the three air pollutants were introduced as translating effects; and (c) pollution generation and dispersion models were introduced and calibrated to the model's base solution. General equilibrium welfare effects are evaluated with a balance of trade function. Overall, the evaluations of policy suggest that incorporating environmental effects as nonseparable influences on preferences can have a marked impact on the evaluation of trade policy reforms.
Phenomenological analysis of quantum collapse as source of the seeds of cosmic structure
Creators: name: De Unánue, Adolfo
name: Sudarsky, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard inflationary version of the origin of the cosmic structure as the result of the quantum fluctuations during the early universe is less than fully satisfactory as has been argued in [A. Perez, H. Sahlmann, and D. Sudarsky, Class. Quantum Grav., 23, 2317, (2006)]. A proposal is made there of a way to address the shortcomings by invoking a process similar to the collapse of the quantum mechanical wave function of the various modes of the inflaton field. This in turn was inspired on the ideas of R. Penrose about the role that quantum gravity might play in bringing about such breakdown of the standard unitary evolution of quantum mechanics. In this paper we study in some detail the two schemes of collapse considered in the original work together with an alternative scheme, which can be considered as "more natural" than the former two. The new scheme, assumes that the collapse follows the correlations indicated in the Wigner functional of the initial state. We end with considerations regarding the degree to which the various schemes can be expected to produce a spectrum that resembles the observed one.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Asset Pricing in Created Markets for Fishing Quotas
Creators: name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Papps, Kerry L.
name: Sanchirico, James N.
name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Papps, Kerry L.
name: Sanchirico, James N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: tradable permits
subject: individual transferable fishing quota
subject: asset pricing
subject: fisheries
subject: policy

description: We investigate the applicability of the present-value asset pricing model to fishing quota markets by applying instrumental variable panel data estimation techniques to 15 years of market transactions from New Zealand's individual fishing quota market. In addition to the influence of current fishing rents (as measured by lease prices), we explore the effect of market interest rates, risk, and expected changes in future rents on quota asset prices. Controlling for these other factors, the results support a fairly simple relationship between quota asset and contemporaneous lease prices. Consistent with theoretical expectations, the results indicate that quota asset prices are positively related to declines in interest rates, lower levels of risk, expected increases in future fish prices, and expected cost reductions from rationalization under the quota system. However, the magnitude of some interrelationships is muted relative to what theory suggests, possibly due to measurement error.
The Next Generation of Market-Based Environment Policies
Creators: name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Whitehead, Bradley W.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Whitehead, Bradley W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: We examine what will be required if market-based environmental policy instruments are to become a major force in U.S. environmental policy. We define market-based instruments, and specify five categories: pollution charges; tradable permits; deposit refund systems; reducing market barriers; and eliminating government subsidies. We review major U.S. applications, including: EPA's emissions trading program; the leaded gasoline phasedown; water quality permit trading; CFC trading; SO2 allowance trading; and the RECLAIM program. We assess the U.S. experience in terms of the relatively limited use of these instruments and in terms of the mixed record of performance of implemented instruments. We ask how the next generation of market-based instruments can be advanced, focusing on four sets of approaches: improving program design; applying market-based instruments on the state level; implementing new Federal programs; and addressing long-term issues. We conclude with a brief prognosis of the likely future role of market-based instruments in U.S. environmental policy.
Decay of the Loschmidt echo in a time-dependent environment
Creators: name: Cucchietti, Fernando M.
name: Lewenkopf, Caio H.
name: Pastawski, Horacio M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the decay rate of the Loschmidt echo or fidelity in a chaotic system under a time-dependent perturbation $V(q,t)$ with typical strength $\hbar/τ_{V}$. The perturbation represents the action of an uncontrolled environment interacting with the system, and is characterized by a correlation length $ξ_0$ and a correlation time $τ_0$. For small perturbation strengths or rapid fluctuating perturbations, the Loschmidt echo decays exponentially with a rate predicted by the Fermi Golden Rule, $1/\tildeτ= τ_{c}/τ_{V}^2$, where typically $τ_{c} \sim \min[τ_{0},ξ_0/v]$ with $v$ the particle velocity. Whenever the rate $1/\tildeτ$ is larger than the Lyapunov exponent of the system, a perturbation independent Lyapunov decay regime arises. We also find that by speeding up the fluctuations (while keeping the perturbation strength fixed) the fidelity decay becomes slower, and hence, one can protect the system against decoherence.
title: Essays on moral emotions, personality traits, and the determinants of socially responsible investment decisions of retail investors
Creators: name: Gevorkova, Victoria
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2024

description: This thesis contributes to the body of research exploring the factors that influence the Socially 
Responsible Investment (SRI) decision-making of retail investors. In the three main chapters of this 
thesis, I empirically investigate how emotions, personality traits, and individual values influence these 
decisions. First, I explore the effect of incidental guilt on ethical investing. I provide evidence that 
when presented with a trade-off between sustainability, risk, and return characteristics of the funds, 
guilty investors are willing to sacrifice more returns for sustainability than non-guilty participants. I 
show that this effect, albeit moderate in magnitude, cannot be solely attributed to differences in retail 
investors’ moral reasoning, attitudes toward social responsibility, risk tolerance, and demographic 
factors. 
Next, I investigate the impact of personality on ethical investing. I provide evidence that personality 
traits are relevant factors in the decision-making process of retail investors that drive but also prevent 
SRI choices. I show that individuals with higher openness to experience, conscientiousness, 
agreeableness, honesty-humility, guilt-proneness, and stronger altruistic values make more SRI 
choices and are more willing to sacrifice returns for sustainability. I also provide evidence that greed 
and neuroticism negatively impact the number of green investment choices made, whereas less greedy 
and more emotionally stable retail investors are willing to forego more expected returns for an ethical 
allocation.
Finally, I explore the joint effect of warm glow and altruistic values on individuals’ willingness to 
invest in sustainable funds. My findings reveal that, at an individual level, both stronger altruistic 
values and a greater tendency to experience warm glow result in more ethical allocations. However, 
framing investments in an altruistic light leads to a higher willingness to allocate funds to SRI 
compared to warm glow framing. This implies that motivations rooted in prosocial values tend to be 
more effective in driving SRI decisions.
Hubble Space Telescope STIS Spectroscopy of Long Period Dwarf Novae in Quiescence
Creators: name: Sion, E. M.
name: Gaensicke, B. T.
name: Long, K. S.
name: Szkody, P.
name: Knigge, C.
name: Hubeny, I.
name: de Martino, D.
name: Godon, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a synthetic spectral analysis of HST STIS spectra of five long period dwarf novae obtained during their quiescence to determine the properties of their white dwarfs which are little known for systems above the CV period gap. The five systems, TU Men, BD Pav, SS Aur, TT Crt, and V442 Cen were observed as part of an HST Snapshot project. The spectra are described and fitted with combinations of white dwarf photospheres and accretion disks. We provide evidence that the white dwarfs in all five systems are at least partially exposed. We discuss the evolutionary implications of our model fitting results and compare these dwarf novae to previously analyzed FUV spectra of other dwarf novae above the period gap. The dispersion in CV WD temperatures above the period gap is substantially greater than one finds below the period gap where there is a surprisingly narrow dispersion in temperatures around 15,000K. There appears to be a larger spread of surface temperatures in dwarf novae above the period than is seen below the gap.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Part 1, 2008, in press
Three-City Air Study
Creators: name: Powell, Mark R.
name: Powell, Mark R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This study analyzes the local regulatory and non-regulatory determinants of ambient air quality in Allegheny, Baltimore, and Cuyahoga Counties over the period 1972-1992. Mandated pollution control investments appear to have often had a statistically significant effect in reducing maximum concentrations of suspended particulates and tropospheric ozone in these areas. The effects of regulatory air quality controls, however, generally have been overshadowed by the impacts of non-regulatory factors. In general, local regulatory and nonregulatory factors failed to account for a majority of the variation in local air quality. This underscores the importance of regional or national factors in determining local air quality.
Masked Proxy Loss For Text-Independent Speaker Verification
Creators: name: Lian, Jiachen
name: Kumar, Aiswarya Vinod
name: Dhamyal, Hira
name: Raj, Bhiksha
name: Singh, Rita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Open-set speaker recognition can be regarded as a metric learning problem, which is to maximize inter-class variance and minimize intra-class variance. Supervised metric learning can be categorized into entity-based learning and proxy-based learning. Most of the existing metric learning objectives like Contrastive, Triplet, Prototypical, GE2E, etc all belong to the former division, the performance of which is either highly dependent on sample mining strategy or restricted by insufficient label information in the mini-batch. Proxy-based losses mitigate both shortcomings, however, fine-grained connections among entities are either not or indirectly leveraged. This paper proposes a Masked Proxy (MP) loss which directly incorporates both proxy-based relationships and pair-based relationships. We further propose Multinomial Masked Proxy (MMP) loss to leverage the hardness of speaker pairs. These methods have been applied to evaluate on VoxCeleb test set and reach state-of-the-art Equal Error Rate(EER).
description: Accepted at Interspeech 2021
A statistical mechanism for operator growth
Creators: name: Cao, Xiangyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently conjectured that in generic quantum many-body systems, the spectral density of local operators has the slowest high-frequency decay as permitted by locality. We show that the infinite-temperature version of this "universal operator growth hypothesis" holds for the quantum Ising spin model in $d \ge 2$ dimensions, and for the chaotic Ising chain (with longitudinal and transverse fields) in one dimension. Moreover, the disordered chaotic Ising chain that exhibits many-body localization can have the same high-frequency spectral density decay as thermalizing models. Our argument is statistical in nature, and is based on the observation that the moments of the spectral density can be written as a sign-problem-free sum over paths of Pauli string operators.
description: 9 pages, 0 figures; v2: accepted version, minor revisions
Beckmann, Joachim (hrsg.): Kirchliches Jahrbuch für die Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland 1972
Creators: name: Kg.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 24 Nr. 1 (1975): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 24, Heft 1
Recent Searches for the Radio Lines of NH_3 in Comets
Creators: name: Hatchell, J.
name: Bird, M. K.
name: van der Tak, F. F. S.
name: Sherwood, W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio observations in the ammonia inversion lines of four comets, C/2001 A2 (LINEAR), 153P/Ikeya-Zhang, C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) and C/2002 T7 (LINEAR), were performed at the Effelsberg 100-m Radio Telescope during their respective close approaches to Earth. None of the four lowest energy metastable lines (J,K=J),J=1--4, could be detected in these comets. We derive the following 3 sigma upper bounds on the NH_3 production rate, and c omparing to the corresponding water production rates, percentage NH_3 abundances relative to H_2O: Q(NH_3) < 1.9x10^26 s^-1 (0.63%) for C/2001 A2 (LINEAR), Q(NH_3) < 2.7x10^26 s^-1 (0.13%) for C/2001 Q4 (NEAT), Q(NH_3) < 2.3x10^27 s^-1 (0.74%) for C/2002 T7 (LINEAR) and Q(NH_3) <= 6.3x10^26 s^-1 (0.63%) for Comet 153P/Ikeya-Zhang. At 0.74% or less, the ammonia-to-water ratios are factors of 2 below the value for C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) and 1P/Halley, suggesting chemical diversity between comets. The 18-cm lines of OH were clearly detected in the two comets observed during the 2004 campaign, thereby validating the cometary ephemerides.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Probing Effective Field Theory Approach in the CP Violating Minimal Linear $σ$ Model
Creators: name: Alonso-Gonzalez, J.
name: Lizana, J. M.
name: Martinez-Fernandez, V.
name: Merlo, L.
name: Pokorski, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Minimal Linear $σ$ Model is a useful theoretical laboratory. One can investigate in a perturbative renormalisable model the properties of the Higgs boson as a pseudo-Goldstone boson, the phenomenological effects of the radial mode of the field $\mathtt{s}$ which spontaneously breaks the global $SO(5)$ symmetry and the validity of conclusions based on the Effective Field Theory approach with the field $\mathtt{s}$ in the spectrum, after the decoupling of heavy degrees of freedom. In this paper all those issues are discussed in the framework of the Minimal Linear $σ$ Model with CP violating phases leading to pseudoscalar components in the effective Standard Model Yukawa couplings. Also the character of the electroweak phase transition in the presence of the field $\mathtt{s}$ is investigated.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures, V2: improved discussion on the EFT treatment and on first order phase transition; references added; main results unchanged; version accepted for publication on EPJC
Getting on the Map: The Political Economy of State-Level Electricity Restructuring
Creators: name: Ando, Amy Whritenour
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Ando, Amy Whritenour
name: Palmer, Karen L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: electricity restructuring
subject: deregulation
subject: political economy

description: Retail competition in electricity markets is expected to lead to more efficient electricity supply, lower electricity prices, more innovation by suppliers and a greater variety of electric power service packages. However, only a handful of states have currently gone so far as to pass legislation and/or make regulatory decisions to establish retail wheeling. This paper analyzes a variety of factors that may influence the rate at which legislators and regulators move towards establishing retail competition. In general, we find that where one interest group dominates others in the struggle for influence over the decision makers, the net effect seems to push a state forward more quickly when retail wheeling is expected to yield large efficiency gains.
On particle acceleration and trapping by Poynting flux dominated flows
Creators: name: Paesold, Gunnar
name: Blackman, Eric G.
name: Messmer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we study the evolution of a strongly magnetized plasma slab propagating into a finite density ambient medium. Like previous work, we find that the slab breaks into discrete magnetic pulses. The subsequent evolution is consistent with diamagnetic relativistic pulse acceleration of \cite{liangetal2003}. Unlike previous work, we use the actual electron to proton mass ratio and focus on understanding trapping vs. transmission of the ambient plasma by the pulses and on the particle acceleration spectra. We find that the accelerated electron distribution internal to the slab develops a double-power law. We predict that emission from reflected/trapped external electrons will peak after that of the internal electrons. We also find that the thin discrete pulses trap ambient electrons but allow protons to pass through, resulting in less drag on the pulse than in the case of trapping of both species. Poynting flux dominated scenarios have been proposed as the driver of relativistic outflows and particle acceleration in the most powerful astrophysical jets.
description: 25 pages, Accepted by Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
Robust shadow estimation
Creators: name: Chen, Senrui
name: Yu, Wenjun
name: Zeng, Pei
name: Flammia, Steven T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficiently estimating properties of large and strongly coupled quantum systems is a central focus in many-body physics and quantum information theory. While quantum computers promise speedups for many such tasks, near-term devices are prone to noise that will generally reduce the accuracy of such estimates. Here we show how to mitigate errors in the shadow estimation protocol recently proposed by Huang, Kueng, and Preskill. By adding an experimentally friendly calibration stage to the standard shadow estimation scheme, our robust shadow estimation algorithm can obtain an unbiased estimate of the classical shadow of a quantum system and hence extract many useful properties in a sample-efficient and noise-resilient manner given only minimal assumptions on the experimental conditions. We give rigorous bounds on the sample complexity of our protocol and demonstrate its performance with several numerical experiments.
description: 39 pages, 10 figures. We add numerical experiments with practical gate-dependent noise models to justify the wide application of our robust protocol
Excerpt from The Kawaiisu Book of the Horse
Creators: name: Girado, Lida
name: Klein, Carol
name: Klein, Sheldon
name: Peebles, Carmen
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: xaw
subject: Kawaiisu language

description: Interlinear text about obtaining horses. Handwritten Kawaiisu text with typed interlinear translation. Text from Lida Girado with interlinear translation by Carmen Peebles.
The Costs of U.S. Oil Dependency
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Darmstadter, Joel
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Darmstadter, Joel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: energy security
subject: oil imports
subject: oil premium
subject: macroeconomic disruptions

description: This paper first describes trends and future predictions of factors that determine U.S. dependence on oil and oil imports. We then review evidence on the oil premium, that is, the extent to which the costs to the United States as a whole from extra oil consumption may exceed the private costs to individual oil users. The premium has two main components: one reflects the risk of macroeconomic disruptions from oil price shocks, while the other stems from U.S. market power in the world oil market. Our best assessment of the oil premium is $5/barrel (equivalent to 12 cents per gallon of gasoline), which would warrant a broad, though moderately scaled, tax on all uses of oil.
Collisionless drag for a one-dimensional two-component Bose-Hubbard model
Creators: name: Contessi, Daniele
name: Romito, Donato
name: Rizzi, Matteo
name: Recati, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the elusive Andreev-Bashkin collisionless drag for a two-component onedimensional Bose-Hubbard model on a ring. By means of tensor network algorithms, we calculate the superfluid stiffness matrix as a function of intra- and interspecies interactions and of the lattice filling. We then focus on the most promising region close to the so-called pair-superfluid phase, where we observe that the drag can become comparable with the total superfluid density. We elucidate the importance of the drag in determining the long-range behavior of the correlation functions and the spin speed of sound. In this way, we are able to provide an expression for the spin Luttinger parameter $K_S$ in terms of drag and the spin susceptibility. Our results are promising in view of implementing the system by using ultracold Bose mixtures trapped in deep optical lattices, where the size of the sample is of the same order of the number of particles we simulate. Importantly, the mesoscopicity of the system, far from being detrimental, appears to favor a large drag, avoiding the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless jump at the transition to the pair-superfluid phase which would reduce the region where a large drag can be observed.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures. Final version published as Letter in PRR
Partial Wave Analysis of $χ_{c0}\toπ^+π^-K^+K^-$
Creators: name: Ablikim, M.
name: Collaboration, BES
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A partial wave analysis of $χ_{c0}\toπ^+π^-K^+K^-$ in $ψ(2S)\toγχ_{c0}$ decay is presented using a sample of 14 million $ψ(2S)$ events accumulated by the BES II detector. The data are fitted to the sum of relativistic covariant tensor amplitudes for intermediate resonant decay modes. From the fit, significant contributions to $χ_{c0}$ decays from the channels $f_0(980)f_0(980)$, $f_0(980)f_0(2200)$, $f_0(1370)f_0(1710)$, $K^*(892)^0\bar K^*(892)^0$, $K^*_0(1430)\bar K^*_0(1430)$, $K^*_0(1430)\bar K^*_2(1430) + c.c.$, and $K_1(1270)K$ are found. Flavor-SU(3)-violating $K_1(1270)-K_1(1400)$ asymmetry is observed. Values obtained for the masses and widths of the resonances $f_0(1710)$, $f_0(2200)$, $f_0(1370)$, and $K^*_0(1430)$ are presented.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, and 4 tables
The Evolution of NOx Control Policy for Coal-Fired Power Plants in the United States
Creators: name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Evans, David A.
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Evans, David A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: emissions trading
subject: cap and trade
subject: air pollution
subject: cost-benefit analysis
subject: electricity
subject: particulates
subject: ozone
subject: nitrogen oxides
subject: acid rain

description: Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx ) contribute to formation of particulate matter and ozone, and also to acidification of the environment. The electricity sector is responsible for about 20% of NOx emissions in the United States, and the sector has been the target of both prescriptive (command-and-control) and flexible (cap-and-trade) approaches to regulation. We summarize the major NOx control policies affecting this sector, and provide some perspectives as to their effectiveness. While both prescriptive and flexible approaches continue to play an important role, significant new proposals have wholly embraced a cap-and-trade approach.
Isorthoceras undefined-D
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Orthocerida
Proteoceratidae
Isorthoceras
Isorthoceras undefined-D

description: Isorthoceras sp. D
Fig. 11I
Material examined
ESTONIA • 2 specs; Moe trench; Kõrgessaare Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage; GIT 878-114, GIT 878-125 • 1 spec.; Paluküla quarry; Kõrgessaare Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage; GIT 426-433 • 2 specs; Vormsi Island, Saxby shore; Kõrgessaare Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage; GIT 878-44, GIT 878-83 • 2 specs; same data as for preceding; TUG 939-3, TUG 939-4.
Description
Specimen GIT 878-114 (Fig. 11I) is a fragment of a body chamber and one chamber of the phragmocone. The body chamber is slightly deformed and does not permit measurement of the angle of expansion. The conch cross section at the base of the body chamber is circular with a diameter of 10 mm. The preserved two septa are 1.8 mm apart (RCL = 0.18) and the septal foramen is nearly centrally positioned (RSP = 0.46) with a diameter of ca 1 mm. The outer shell is not preserved. Specimen TUG 939-4 is a fragment of a body chamber and seven chambers of the phragmocone with a circular conch cross section. The septal distance varies between 2.5–3.5 mm (RCL = 0.23–0.39) and is most distant at smaller diameters (9 mm) and decreases toward the base of the body chamber at the base of the body chamber 11 mm. The angle of expansion of the specimen is ca 3°. The siphuncle is nearly central (RSP = 0.45), its shape is nearly tubular, and the septal necks are very short suborthochoanitic to orthochoanitic. The largest specimen is a fragment of a 28 mm long body chamber with a maximum diameter of ca 13 mm (GIT 878-83).
Remarks
The adult size of this species is indicated by mature septal crowding occurring in specimens TUG 939- 4, and GIT 878-114 at conch diameters of ca 10–11 mm. The maximum adult diameter at the aperture was probably not much more than 13 mm. These specimens are assigned to Isorthoceras based on their similarity with other small orthocerids known from the Late Ordovician of Baltoscandia, and because of their short suborthochoanitic septal necks. They differ from I. sp. E in having a central siphuncle. Better preserved material is needed for a species level determination.
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2025, The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia, pp. 1-169 in European Journal of Taxonomy 978 on page 52, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.978.2801, http://zenodo.org/record/14988376
Welfare Measurement and Representative Consumer Theory
Creators: name: Smith, V. Kerry
name: Von Haefen, Roger H.
name: Smith, V. Kerry
name: Von Haefen, Roger H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: willingness to pay
subject: RUM
subject: aggregation

description: This paper generalizes results from Anderson, De Palma, and Thisse [1992] linking individual random utility and aggregate representative individual demand models, to consider a comparable relation for the willingness to pay functions for quality attributes of marketed goods. It also suggests how the logic can be used to describe links between choice occasion and aggregate models (across occasions) for an individual.
Potential Supply and Demand for Apple and Cherry-Apple Hard Cider Markets in Michigan, and Constraints to Market Development
Creators: name: Mainville, Denise Y.
name: Peterson, H. Christopher
name: Mainville, Denise Y.
name: Peterson, H. Christopher
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The current research explores the potential to develop a cherry-apple hard cider market as a potential means to increase demand for and the value of Michigan fruit grower's product. Factors affecting both the development of hard cider markets in Michigan and cherry-apple hard cider were explored. Research results show that the potential value of Michigan hard cider market is relatively small but significant, estimated at ranging between $580,000 and $2,900,000 per year. Microbrews would be primary actors to promote HC market. They are willing and able to dabble in it, promote it. But they are constrained by need for license and this impedes participation of many who would be otherwise interested. Some microbrews uninterested in state-wide push because they feel it will focus on sweet product that they are uninterested in producing. This position is reflective of a seeming contraction inherent in current enthusiasm over the potential of the market, as figures recent market growth is largely fueled by the current trendiness of "malternatives" as a beverage category, while the maintenance of the market, and the interests of some microbrewers and other purveyors is primarily derived from the traditional image of hard cider, with "traditional" vs. "trendy" hard cider products reflecting significant taste differences. Hard cider is also potentially an important product for wineries. There is a high sales potential for a Michigan-brewed hard cider product, however producing a hard cider that is produced exclusively from Michigan-grown fruit could be more difficult due to supply limitations, logistical constraints, and cost. Constraints to growth of hard cider industry include licensing requirements, taxation issues, primary ingredient sourcing and transport, and fluctuating prices, particularly for cherry juice. The research showed high potential for hard cider that blends cherries (and many other fruits) with apple, however such a product would be rotated with current hard cider, not added as a new product in most cases. Its demand increasing potential still exists, however, even if offered as a substitute to hard cider, due to its novelty and variety.
Symmetric reggeon interaction in perturbative QCD
Creators: name: Kirschner, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integral kernels describing the pair interaction of reggeized gluons and quarks are reconstructed in terms of conformal symmetric 4-point functions in the transverse plane of impact parameters.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
SOYBEAN OUTLOOK/DISCUSSION PRESENTED FOR THE 2004 MIDWEST/GREAT PLAINS & WESTERN OUTLOOK CONFERENCE, KANSAS CITY, MO, AUGUST 16-17, 2004
Creators: name: Hilker, James H.
name: Hilker, James H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: We should expect 2004-05 soybean prices to be much lower than 2003-04, but near the historically average. On the other hand, while the numbers shown are my best analysis, I feel there is a lot of price risk in both directions as we go from now through the 2004-05 marketing year. While looking good now, the crop was planted late, and some disease problems are showing up. On the demand side, exports will be the key.
Improving axial resolution in SIM using deep learning - Supplementary materials
Creators: name: Boland, Miguel A.
name: Cohen, Edward A. K.
name: Flaxman, Seth R.
name: Neil, Mark A. A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: 80106 Image Processing

description: Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) is a widespread methodology to image live and fixed biological structures smaller than the diffraction limits of conventional optical microscopy. Using recent advances in image up-scaling through deep learning models, we demonstrate a method to reconstruct 3D-SIM image stacks with twice the axial resolution attainable through conventional SIM reconstructions. We further demonstrate our method is robust to noise and evaluate it against two point cases and axial gratings. Finally, we discuss potential adaptions of the method to further improve resolution.‘This article is part of the theme issue ‘SIMposium (part 1)’.’
COST OF ASPARAGUS PRODUCTION IN WESTERN MICHIGAN
Creators: name: Dartt, Barbara
name: Myers, Norm
name: Black, J. Roy
name: Bakker, John
name: Dartt, Barbara
name: Myers, Norm
name: Black, J. Roy
name: Bakker, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This bulletin was developed to help producers as well as educators and agribusinesses working with producers to estimate costs of production and expected profit based on "typical" asparagus management strategies found in northwestern Michigan. The budget included in this bulletin will allow users to revise inputs based on their management strategies and calculate their expected cost and profit. This flexibility provides a decision aid to search for systems that generate higher net returns to the farm's resource base. The brief outline of cultural and pest management practices included in this publication should be supplemented with publications from Michigan State University or from other Universities. See the References section for resources. Many are available on-line.
CONSUMER DEMAND FOR ECOLABELED APPLES: SURVEY METHODS AND DESCRIPTIVE RESULTS
Creators: name: Blend, Jeffrey R.
name: Van Ravenswaay, Eileen O.
name: Blend, Jeffrey R.
name: Van Ravenswaay, Eileen O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper examines potential consumer demand for ecolabeled apples. Since apples are purchased by 90% of U.S. households, we are able to investigate the choices of a large and diverse cross section of consumers. Focusing on a single agricultural product such as apples enables us to investigate more specific and realistic consumer choices. This paper also examines how different types of ecolabel claims might affect consumer demand. Ecolabels may vary in terms of the comprehensiveness of their environmental claims and the amount of proof substantiating claims. Ecolabels might claim to reduce only a single environmental impact or they might claim to reduce multiple environmental impacts. There may be no proof for the claims other than seller reputation or the claims might be documented and verified by a highly reputable third party (e.g. government agency, private firm, non-profit environmental group). Each unique combination of claim comprehensiveness and proof represents a different ecolabel and thus a different good. This paper examines how two levels of claim comprehensiveness and two forms of proof affect consumer demand. Finally, this paper examines factors affecting consumer demand for ecolabels. These factors include prices, income, household size and education. They also include familiarity with the claim and personal motivations such as improved health and environmental concerns. Both the purchase location of apples and whether or not an individual normally buys organic are also examined.