cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Angular momentum transport and turbulence in laboratory models of Keplerian flows
Creators: name: Paoletti, M. S.
name: van Gils, Dennis P. M.
name: Dubrulle, B.
name: Sun, Chao
name: Lohse, Detlef
name: Lathrop, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present angular momentum transport (torque) measurements in two recent experimental studies of the turbulent flow between independently rotating cylinders. In addition to these studies, we reanalyze prior torque measurements to expand the range of control parameters for the experimental Taylor-Couette flows. We find that the torque may be described as a product of functions that depend only on the Reynolds number, which describes the turbulent driving intensity, and the rotation number, which characterizes the effects of global rotation. For a given Reynolds number, the global angular momentum transport for Keplerian-like flow profiles is approximately 14% of the maximum achievable transport rate. We estimate that this level of transport would produce an accretion rate of $\dot{M}/\dot{M_0} \sim 10^{-3}$ in astrophysical disks. We argue that this level of transport from hydrodynamics alone could be significant.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics (2011)
t-tbar Pair production cross section measurement at the LHC
Creators: name: Kim, Tae Jeong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement of $t\bar{t}$ pair production cross sections with an integrated luminosity of around 1 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV obtained with the ATLAS and CMS detectors are reported. The inclusive cross sections in dilepton (ee, $eμ$, $μμ$ and $μτ$), lepton+jets (e, $μ$) and all hadronic decay modes are measured. In addition to inclusive cross section measurement, the study of jet multiplicity with additional jets are also presented, which is important to constrain the initial state radiation. Measurement of the charge asymmetry at the LHC is also presented. All measurements are compatible with Standard Model predictions.
description: Presented at the 2011 Hadron Collider Physics symposium (HCP-2011), Paris, France, November 14-18 2011, 5 pages, 7 figures
Exorcising Spectres with Secure Compilers
Creators: name: Vassena, Marco
name: Patrignani, Marco
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Attackers can access sensitive information of programs by exploiting the side-effects of speculatively-executed instructions using Spectre attacks. To mitigate theses attacks, popular compilers deployed a wide range of countermeasures. The security of these countermeasures, however, has not been ascertained: while some of them are believed to be secure, others are known to be insecure and result in vulnerable programs. To reason about the security guarantees of these compiler-inserted countermeasures, this paper presents a framework comprising several secure compilation criteria characterizing when compilers produce code resistant against Spectre attacks. With this framework, we perform a comprehensive security analysis of compiler-level countermeasures against Spectre attacks implemented in major compilers. This work provides sound foundations to formally reason about the security of compiler-level countermeasures against Spectre attacks as well as the first proofs of security and insecurity of said countermeasures.
"We're not in Kansas anymore": conversations about the phenomenon of non-aboriginal teachers' work in aboriginal education
Creators: name: Bishop, Kathy
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 124-130
description: This thesis attempts to explore the work of Non-Aboriginal teachers in Aboriginal communities. A hermeneutic approach was taken drawing on Gadamer's work, Truth and Method. Hermeneutics is discussed through the following ideas: listening, conversation, intentionality, play, belonging, truth, and experience. Six non-Aboriginal teachers were interviewed who had worked in Aboriginal communities. The concepts of self, other and the space in-between emerge from participant teachers' stories and conversations and as a result of my interpretations of what was said in the interviews. I organized participant teachers' narratives along the storyline of the researcher's first year teaching, and these narratives include topics such as the physical environment, students, routines, classroom management, surprises, and parental involvement. The goal of this thesis is neither to present arguments to support or to criticize the work of non-Aboriginal teachers in Aboriginal communities. Rather the goal is to present this phenomenon as it was experienced, and to open it up through story and conversation, so that new conversations might emerge.
The 4D SU(3) gauge theory with an imaginary theta term
Creators: name: Panagopoulos, Haralambos
name: Vicari, Ettore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the scaling behavior of the 4D SU(3) lattice gauge theory in the presence of a theta term, by Monte Carlo simulations computing the topological properties at imaginary theta. The numerical results provide a good evidence of scaling in the continuum limit. The imaginary theta dependence of the ground-state energy turns out to be well described by the first few terms of related expansions around theta=0, providing accurate estimates of the first few coefficients, up to O(theta^6).
description: 12 pages
FeIDo: Recoverable FIDO2 Tokens Using Electronic IDs
Creators: name: Schwarz, Fabian
name: Do, Khue
name: Heide, Gunnar
name: Hanzlik, Lucjan
name: Rossow, Christian
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Two-factor authentication (2FA) mitigates the security risks of passwords as sole authentication factor. FIDO2---the de facto standard for interoperable web authentication---leverages strong, hardware-backed second factors. However, practical challenges hinder wider FIDO2 user adoption for 2FA tokens, such as the extra costs ($20-$30 per token) or the risk of inaccessible accounts upon token loss/theft. To tackle the above challenges, we propose FeIDo, a virtual FIDO2 token that combines the security and interoperability of FIDO2 2FA authentication with the prevalence of existing eIDs (e.g., electronic passports). Our core idea is to derive FIDO2 credentials based on personally-identifying and verifiable attributes---name, date of birth, and place of birth---that we obtain from the user's eID. As these attributes do not change even for refreshed eID documents, the credentials "survive" token loss. Even though FeIDo operates on privacy-critical data, all personal data and resulting FIDO2 credentials stay unlinkable, are never leaked to third parties, and are securely managed in attestable hardware containers (e.g., SGX enclaves). In contrast to existing FIDO2 tokens, FeIDo can also derive and share verifiable meta attributes (anonymous credentials) with web services. These enable verified but pseudonymous user checks, e.g., for age verification (e.g., "is adult").
Explicit expressions for meromorphic solution of autonomous nonlinear ordinary differential equations
Creators: name: Demina, Maria V.
name: Kudryashov, Nikolay A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Meromorphic solutions of autonomous nonlinear ordinary differential equations are studied. An algorithm for constructing meromorphic solutions in explicit form is presented. General expressions for meromorphic solutions (including rational, periodic, elliptic) are found for a wide class of autonomous nonlinear ordinary differential equations.
Plastic bags for water treatment : a new approach to solar disinfection of drinking water
Creators: name: Pierik, Bradley
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Waterborne disease is the cause of death for over 1.6 million people annually, and it is contracted primarily through inadequate access to safe drinking water, inadequate sanitation facilities, and inadequate hygiene practices. Solar disinfection (SODIS) is a low-cost water treatment technology that uses resources that are commonly available in much of the developing world, the most important being plastic beverage bottles. SODIS relies on solar ultraviolet radiation to kill germs in contaminated water contained in these plastic bottles, so that water can be rendered safe for consumption. However, in remote regions plastic bottles are often unavailable, or are prohibitively expensive. For this reason there exists a need for an alternative to plastic bottles for SODIS use in remote regions of the world. In this study, real and artificial sunlight exposures, standard microbiological enumeration methods, and tensile strength and optical transmittance measurement methods, were used to evaluate whether a plastic SODIS bag is a potential alternative to SODIS bottles. SODIS bags were found to yield as much as 74% higher treatment efficiencies than SODIS bottles, which may be because the bags were able to reach the elevated temperatures that are shown to cause accelerated treatment. The physical wear of hanging SODIS was approximately half the rate (47%) of SODIS bags’ wear and this suggests that hanging SODIS bags may have a longer useful life. A curve relating water depth and the efficiency of the water treatment process in SODIS bags under certain representative treatment conditions was generated and used to predict the optimal geometry of SODIS bags. Additionally, a new method was proposed for calculating the solar UV dose, which may be more appropriate than conventional methods. These findings suggest that SODIS bags may be an appropriate alternative to SODIS bottles. The findings further provide information to guide the design and implementation of SODIS bags.
Dancing with horses: the experience of the dynamics between horse and human that facilitates psychological and/or spiritual growth
Creators: name: Aardoom, Annemieke
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 215-231
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: The purpose of this research was to look at the experience of psychological and/or spiritual growth as a result of interacting with horses. A second element of interest was to look at the underlying dynamics in the relationship between horse and human that facilitate this growth process. This research is qualitative and based on interviews with six co-creators as well as the researcher's experience. The methodology used was a combination of heuristics and a newly developed methodology based on chaos and complexity theories. It was found that the experience of growth was very much like the story of the universal and mythological hero, as described by Joseph Campbell (l 949). Participants embarked on a challenging journey with horses oflearning and connecting. The learning was how to build cooperative relationships with horses but also with others, with God and with themselves. The connecting was related to connecting with self, other, nature and God. The dynamics found in the relationship between horse and rider are mutual relationship, which incorporates communication, bonding and projection. Within this mutual relationship, the horse may take on the following roles: horse as friend, teacher, therapist, role model, healer, parent (mother and father), saviour and ally. A horse was also found to be a metaphor for self, shadow self, Divine/God, other, mirror, connector, instinct and meditation. Experience with a horse could also function as an analogy for relationships and life situations. The creative synthesis was based on the Vedic Horse Sacrifice and adapted to the findings of this research. The meaning of the Horse Sacrifice is the horse representing the universe and lower self of Brahman, which is sacrificed for renewal.
Exactly solved models of interacting dark matter and dark energy
Creators: name: Chimento, Luis P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an effective one-fluid description of the interacting dark sector in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker space-time and investigate the stability of the power-law solutions. We find the "source equation" for the total energy density and determine the energy density of each dark component. We study linear and nonlinear interactions which depend on the dark matter and dark energy densities, their first derivatives, the total energy density with its derivatives up to second order and the scale factor. We solve the evolution equations of the dark components for both interactions, examine exhaustively several examples and show cases where the problem of the coincidence is alleviated. We show that a generic nonlinear interaction gives rise to the "relaxed Chaplygin gas model" whose effective equation of state includes the variable modified Chaplygin gas model while some others nonlinear interactions yield de Sitter and power-law scenarios.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the CosmoSul conference, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 01-05 august of 2011. References added
The cellular dynamics of bone remodeling: a mathematical model
Creators: name: Ryser, Marc
name: Komarova, Svetlana V.
name: Nigam, Nilima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 35K55, 35Q80, 92B05, 92C17, 92C30

description: The mechanical properties of vertebrate bone are largely determined by a process which involves the complex interplay of three different cell types. This process is called {\it bone remodeling}, and occurs asynchronously at multiple sites in the mature skeleton. The cells involved are bone resorbing osteoclasts, bone matrix producing osteoblasts and mechanosensing osteocytes. These cells communicate with each other by means of autocrine and paracrine signaling factors and operate in complex entities, the so-called bone multicellular units (BMU). To investigate the BMU dynamics in silico, we develop a novel mathematical model resulting in a system of nonlinear partial differential equations with time delays. The model describes the osteoblast and osteoclast populations together with the dynamics of the key messenger molecule RANKL and its decoy receptor OPG. Scaling theory is used to address parameter sensitivity and predict the emergence of pathological remodeling regimes. The model is studied numerically in one and two space dimensions using finite difference schemes in space and explicit delay equation solvers in time. The computational results are in agreement with in vivo observations and provide new insights into the role of the RANKL/OPG pathway in the spatial regulation of bone remodeling.
Ge/Si(001) Heterostructures with Quantum Dots: Formation, Defects, Photo-Electromotive Force and Terahertz Conductivity
Creators: name: Yuryev, V. A.
name: Arapkina, L. V.
name: Storozhevykh, M. S.
name: Chapnin, V. A.
name: Chizh, K. V.
name: Uvarov, O. V.
name: Kalinushkin, V. P.
name: Zhukova, E. S.
name: Prokhorov, A. S.
name: Spektor, I. E.
name: Gorshunov, B. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Issues of Ge hut cluster nucleation and growth at low temperatures on the Ge/Si(001) wetting layer are discussed on the basis of explorations performed by high resolution STM and in-situ RHEED. Data of HRTEM investigations of Ge/Si heterostructures are presented with the focus on low-temperature formation of perfect multilayer films. Exploration of the photovoltaic effect in Si p--i--n-structures with Ge quantum dots allowed us to propose a new approach to designing of infrared detectors. First data on THz dynamical conductivity of Ge/Si(001) heterostructures in the temperature interval from 5 to 300 K and magnetic fields up to 6 T are reported.
description: Nanostructures: physics and technology http://http://www.ioffe.ru/NANO2012/
title: From reel to real: Harold Pinter's screenplays and the object of desire
Creators: name: Renton, L
Publisher: name: Bath Spa University
Year: 1999

description: Taking as a starting point Pinter's statement that The more acute the experience, the less articulate its expression', this thesis offers a theorisation of that essential point beyond representation, through Lacan's objet petit a, the focal point of the subject's desire. It is this small object, unarticulated in language, unrepresented in the visual field, that is most acute for the subject, and more real than external reality. It is a structure applicable to poetry, psychoanalysis and film, and it is through Pinter's screenplays that this approach is made. Using previously unpublished material from the Pinter Archive, the progress of each screenplay is charted to find Pinter working towards just such a structure of desire for the central character within the narrative, and for the spectator. Chapter one outlines the basic premise of Lacanian theory and its relevance to the most recent writing on film. A direct link is established between Pinter and the Surrealists through Pinter's unpublished poem 'August Becomes', placing vision at the centre of being, and connecting Pinter, through the Surrealists, to Lacan. The construction of an object of desire is outlined in general terms within the screenplays, and the chapter concludes by identifying three different aspects of the object. The first two aspects are those of lack, which evokes desire: the object which is eternally lost, and can only be retrieved in fantasy or dream, and the object which, aligned to a real object in the external world, will change once that real object is achieved. The third aspect emerges when instead of a lack we encounter a fullness, which destroys the relationship with desire, and causes anxiety. Chapter two is a resume of all the screenplays to date in the light of this reading, while chapters, three four and five, offer a close reading of three screenplays: The Remains of the Day, The Handmaid's Tale and Victory, each of which offers a different aspect of the object as outlined above. In chapter six this approach is offered as a reading of Pinter's stage plays. Finally, a postscript outlines Pinter's latest screenplay, The Dreaming Child, which reinforces the subject of this thesis, that it is the object of desire which is more real, more acute than external reality. Throughout the screenplays Pinter can be seen to shape narrative and structure to create just such an acute, invisible object for his spectator, placing her in a vacillating relationship with desire.
Testing Lorentz Invariance Using an Odd-Parity Asymmetric Optical Resonator
Creators: name: Baynes, Fred
name: Luiten, Andre
name: Tobar, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first experimental test of Lorentz invariance using the frequency difference between counter-propagating modes in an asymmetric odd-parity optical resonator. This type of test is $\sim10^{4}$ more sensitive to odd-parity and isotropic (scalar) violations of Lorentz invariance than equivalent conventional even-parity experiments due to the asymmetry of the optical resonator. The disadvantages of odd parity resonators have been negated by the use of counter-propagating modes, delivering a high level of immunity to environmental fluctuations. With a non-rotating experiment our result limits the isotropic Lorentz violating parameter $\tildeκ_{tr}$ to 3.4 $\pm$ 6.2 x $10^{-9}$, the best reported constraint from direct measurements. Using this technique the bounds on odd-parity and scalar violations of Lorentz invariance can be improved by many orders of magnitude.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
European Big Data Research for Industry. 3 projects. 7 sectors. 9 applications. 41 software components. Now what?
Creators: name: BigDataStack.EU
name: I-BiDaaS
name: Track&Know
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: EBDVF 2020 - European Big Data Research for Industry. 3 projects. 7 sectors. 9 applications. 41 software components. Now what? BigData research projects Track and Know (Big Data for Mobility Tracking Knowledge Extraction in Urban Areas), BigDataStack (High-performance data-centric stack for BigData applications and operations) and I-BiDaaS (Industrial-Driven Big Data as a Self-Service Solution) host a session bringing together their research highlights barriers to adoption of BigData research in different sectors as well as the current and future impact of their research. Speakers had also elaborated on the concrete business questions that had been answered in the project pilots.
Efficient and Generic Microarchitectural Hash-Function Recovery
Creators: name: Gerlach, Lukas
name: Schwarz, Simon
name: Faroß, Nicolas
name: Schwarz, Michael
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Modern CPUs use a variety of undocumented microarchitectural hash functions to efficiently distribute data within microarchitectural structures such as caches. A well-known function is the cache slice function that distributes cache lines to the slices of the last-level cache. Knowing these functions improves microarchitectural attacks, such as Prime+Probe or Rowhammer, drastically. However, while several such linear functions have been reverse-engineered, there is no generic or automated approach for reverse-engineering non-linear functions, which have become common with modern CPUs. In this paper, we introduce a novel generic approach for automatically reverse-engineering a wide range of microarchitectural hash functions. Our approach combines techniques initially used for logic-gate minimization and from computer algebra to infer the hash functions based on input-output pairs observed via side channels. With our framework, we infer 3 previously-unknown non-linear hash functions on both AMD and Intel CPUs, including the new Alder Lake hybrid-CPU architecture. We verify our approach by reproducing known hash functions and evaluating side-channel attacks that rely on these functions, resulting in success rates above 97.65%. We stress the need to design such functions with both performance and security in mind and discuss alternative designs that can be used in future CPUs.
Supplementary Material from Optimal shutdown strategies for COVID-19 with economic and mortality costs: British Columbia as a case study
Creators: name: Barlow, M. T.
name: Marshall, N. D.
name: Tyson, R. C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 10109 Ordinary Differential Equations, Difference Equations and Dynamical Systems
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10110 Partial Differential Equations
subject: 10302 Numerical Solution of Differential and Integral Equations

description: Decision makers with the responsibility of managing policy for the COVID-19 epidemic have faced difficult choices in balancing the competing claims of saving lives and the high economic cost of shutdowns. In this paper, we formulate a model with both epidemiological and economic content to assist this decision-making process. We consider two ways to handle the balance between economic costs and deaths. First, we use the statistical value of life, which in Canada is about C$7 million, to optimize over a single variable, which is the sum of the economic cost and the value of lives lost. Our second method is to calculate the Pareto optimal front when we look at the two variables—deaths and economic costs. In both cases we find that, for most parameter values, the optimal policy is to adopt an initial shutdown level which reduces the reproduction number of the epidemic to close to 1. This level is then reduced once a vaccination programme is underway. Our model also indicates that an oscillating policy of strict and mild shutdowns is less effective than a policy which maintains a moderate shutdown level.
FieldFuzz: In Situ Blackbox Fuzzing of Proprietary Industrial Automation Runtimes via the Network
Creators: name: Bytes, Andrei
name: Rajput, Prashant Hari Narayan
name: Doumanidis, Constantine
name: Tippenhauer, Nils Ole
name: Maniatakos, Michail
name: Zhou, Jianying
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Networked Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are proprietary industrial devices utilized in critical infrastructure that execute control logic applications in complex proprietary runtime environments that provide standardized access to the hardware resources in the PLC. These control applications are programmed in domain specific IEC 61131-3 languages, compiled into a proprietary binary format, and process data provided via industrial protocols. Control applications present an attack surface threatened by manipulated traffic. For example, remote code injection in a control application would directly allow to take over the PLC, threatening physical process damage and the safety of human operators. However, assessing the security of control applications is challenging due to domain-specific challenges and the limited availability of suitable methods. Network-based fuzzing is often the only way to test such devices but is inefficient without guidance from execution tracing. This work presents the FieldFuzz framework that analyzes the security risks posed by the Codesys runtime (used by over 400 devices from 80 industrial PLC vendors). FieldFuzz leverages efficient network-based fuzzing based on three main contributions: i) reverse-engineering enabled remote control of control applications and runtime components, ii) automated command discovery and status code extraction via network traffic and iii) a monitoring setup to allow on-system tracing and coverage computation. We use FieldFuzz to run fuzzing campaigns, which uncover multiple vulnerabilities, leading to three reported CVE IDs. To study the cross-platform applicability of FieldFuzz, we reproduce the findings on a diverse set of Industrial Control System (ICS) devices, showing a significant improvement over the state-of-the-art.
Viability of Moringa oleifera seeds stored at different temperatures and recent status of Moringa oleifera collections in seed banks worldwide
Creators: name: Riastiwi, Indira
name: Prawestri, Apriliana Dyah
name: Ridwan, Ridwan
name: Damayanto, I Putu Gede P.
Publisher: name: Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality
Year: 2023

description: Rapid decline in seed viability of Moringa oleifera Lam. due to storage severely reduces its capability to germinate. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of moringa seeds stored at various temperatures through seed germination on a selected medium and provide insights into its conservation in seed banks. The research consisted of two experiments. (1) Optimization of moringa seed germination using different media: A) sand 100%; B) mixed sand, soil, manure, rice husk charcoal (1:1:1:1); C) mixed sand, soil, and manure (1:1:1); D) mixed soil, manure, rice husk charcoal (2:1:1); and E) soil 100%. (2) Determination of moringa seed viability stored at various temperatures (-35, 5, 20, and 25 °C) every three months for 24 months. The information on the moringa seed banks was compiled via a literature review. Germination variables (percentage, rate, time, and index) were observed and recorded. The best germination medium for moringa seeds was medium B. Storage temperature at 5 °C was the most suitable temperature to maintain viability, indicated by the highest germination percentage, rate, and index, and the shortest germination time of only 6 days. There are moringa seed collections of 11 seed banks published online.
description: Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, Vol. 96 (2023): Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality
Spiritual yearnings: an autoethnographic inquiry
Creators: name: Johnston, Dawn
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 111-122
description: The following is an autoethnography on the story of the lived experience of renegotiating spiritual identity outside of the Catholic church. Interviews with co-researchers struggling with similar issues were conducted, and used in conjunction with relevant literature, and the author's reflexive look at her own lived experiences, to enhance the meaning of this experience for the author. A literature review, implications for counselling and theory, as well as recommendations for future research are provided. Findings spoke to the role of the Catholic discourse as new hybrid discourses are negotiated, making room for a more spiritual discourse, and voice to speak it. Conclusions drawn are specific to the lived experiences of the author and how she has navigated her own spiritual identity development in the meaning-making process. Insight is offered into some of the various cognitive and emotional processes that such a negotiation may entail.
title: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs, Vol. 10 (2020): High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC): Technical design report
title: High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC): Technical design report
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs
Year: 2020

description: Editors: I. Béjar Alonso, O. Brüning, P. Fessia, M. Lamont, L. Rossi, L. Tavian, M. Zerlauth The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 9000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its instantaneous luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total number of collisions) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require new infrastructures (underground and on surface) and over a decade to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), relies on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11–12 Tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 100 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation, all of which required several years of dedicated R&D effort on a global international level. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of the HL-LHC. ISBN 978-92-9083-586-8 (paperback), ISBN 978-92-9083-587-5 (PDF).
title: An investigation into the use of aerial digital photography for monitoring coastal sand dunes
Creators: name: Edwards, E
Publisher: name: Bath Spa University
Year: 2001

description: The coastal zone is a highly dynamic entity both spatially and temporally and when shoreline changes (and in particular retreat) occur on a hmnan time-scale, measurement of the rate of change becomes a pressing issue. This dynamism presents an excellent scenario for monitoring change using remote sensing techniques, and in the case of coastal sand dunes, where the requirement is to measure small scale changes such as erosion or accretion in the region of 10 or 20 m, aerial photography is the preferred source of remotely sensed data. The rapid developments in digital camera technology and real time satellite differential Global Positioning Systems have yielded new opportunities for mapping and monitoring environmental change when used with image processing and mapping software and state-of-the-art digital photogrammetric workstations. Despite the progress in digital technologies, however, there is still considerable lack of awareness on the part of potential users, and it is in response to this that the processing chain for data collection through to orthophoto production described here has been developed. This study explores the major issues that affect quality, mission logistics and cost and will demonstrate the methodology and application of digital techniques for producing georectified imagery and contoured orthophoto maps of coastal environments. This will be achieved through a series of case studies of dynamic dune environments in south-west England and France. Digital imagery was captured using a colour infrared Aerial Digital Photographic System and ground control was collected using differential Global Positioning Systems. This study seeks to assess the application of this imagery to coastal dune monitoring, putting these new techniques within the grasp of coastal dune managers, enabling them to make use of digital imagery captured to different specifications depending on the accuracy requirement of the end product. The results indicate that this type of imagery and the techniques used can provide the dune manager with information which would otherwise be too costly or time consuming to acquire. 2D rectification of the imagery provided maps of dune retreat and accretion with errors in the region of� 1.5m, and rectification to a higher order using 3D photogrammetric correction provided 1 :5000 contoured orthophotographs with mean xy errors in the region of 2. 5 m and mean elevation errors in the region of 1.5m.
Charged-Lepton Flavour Physics
Creators: name: Hoecker, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This writeup of a talk at the 2011 Lepton-Photon symposium in Mumbai, India, summarises recent results in the charged-lepton flavour sector. I review searches for charged-lepton flavour violation, lepton electric dipole moments and flavour-conserving CP violation. I also discuss recent progress in tau-lepton physics and in the Standard Model prediction of the muon anomalous magnetic moment.
description: Presented at Lepton-Photon 2011, Mumbai, India; 23 pages, 14 figures
PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY VERSUS CONSTITUTIONAL SUPREMACY: A PERSPECTIVE ON CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN NIGERIA.
Creators: name: Borokini, Favour
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Constitutional Law
Nigeria
Democracy

description: This study has largely explored the various forms of government in practice all over the world in general and Nigeria in particular. The aim of the study has been to measure how far Nigeria has come as a nation in her practice of the two most practiced forms of government in the world over. Included in this is the study of how government all over the world has evolved from being in the control of an individual, as was witnessed under a monarchy, to the government of a few, as was the case in an aristocracy or an oligarchy and finally to the government of many which was practiced in Athens, the cradle of representative governance.
Revisiting the Indifferentiability of the Sum of Permutations
Creators: name: Gunsing, Aldo
name: Bhaumik, Ritam
name: Jha, Ashwin
name: Mennink, Bart
name: Shen, Yaobin
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The sum of two n-bit pseudorandom permutations is known to behave like a pseudorandom function with n bits of security. A recent line of research has investigated the security of two public n-bit permutations and its degree of indifferentiability. Mandal et al. (INDOCRYPT 2010) proved 2n/3-bit security, Mennink and Preneel (ACNS 2015) pointed out a non-trivial flaw in their analysis and re-proved (2n/3-\log_2(n))-bit security. Bhattacharya and Nandi (EUROCRYPT 2018) eventually improved the result to n-bit security. Recently, Gunsing at CRYPTO 2022 already observed that a proof technique used in this line of research only holds for sequential indifferentiability. We revisit the line of research in detail, and observe that the strongest bound of n-bit security has two other serious issues in the reasoning, the first one is actually the same non-trivial flaw that was present in the work of Mandal et al., while the second one discards biases in the randomness influenced by the distinguisher. More concretely, we introduce two attacks that show limited potential of different approaches. We (i) show that the latter issue that discards biases only holds up to 2^{3n/4} queries, and (ii) perform a differentiability attack against their simulator in 2^{5n/6} queries. On the upside, we revive the result of Mennink and Preneel and show (2n/3-\log_2(n))-bit regular indifferentiability security of the sum of public permutations.
Interaction region and machine detector interface design
Creators: name: Manuela, Boscolo
name: Francesco, Fransesini
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: FCC-ee MDI

description: 3D CAD proof-of-principle engineered mechanical design of the interface between the accelerator and detector components in the interaction region.
description: {"references": ["https://doi.org/10.1140/epjti/s40485-023-00103-7", "https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC-23-MOPA091"]}
Landau levels, edge states, and strained magnetic waveguides in graphene monolayers with enhanced spin-orbit interaction
Creators: name: De Martino, A.
name: Hütten, A.
name: Egger, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic properties of a graphene monolayer in a magnetic and a strain-induced pseudo-magnetic field are studied in the presence of spin-orbit interactions (SOI) that are artificially enhanced, e.g., by suitable adatom deposition. For the homogeneous case, we provide analytical results for the Landau level eigenstates for arbitrary intrinsic and Rashba SOI, including also the Zeeman field. The edge states in a semi-infinite geometry are studied in the absence of the Rashba term. For a critical value of the magnetic field, we find a quantum phase transition separating two phases with spin-filtered helical edge states at the Dirac point. These phases have opposite spin current direction. We also discuss strained magnetic waveguides with inhomogeneous field profiles that allow for chiral snake orbits. Such waveguides are practically immune to disorder-induced backscattering, and the SOI provides non-trivial spin texture to these modes.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures; v2: minor modifications, published version
Fact-Saboteurs: A Taxonomy of Evidence Manipulation Attacks against Fact-Verification Systems
Creators: name: Abdelnabi, Sahar
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Mis- and disinformation are a substantial global threat to our security and safety. To cope with the scale of online misinformation, researchers have been working on automating fact-checking by retrieving and verifying against relevant evidence. However, despite many advances, a comprehensive evaluation of the possible attack vectors against such systems is still lacking. Particularly, the automated fact-verification process might be vulnerable to the exact disinformation campaigns it is trying to combat. In this work, we assume an adversary that automatically tampers with the online evidence in order to disrupt the fact-checking model via camouflaging the relevant evidence or planting a misleading one. We first propose an exploratory taxonomy that spans these two targets and the different threat model dimensions. Guided by this, we design and propose several potential attack methods. We show that it is possible to subtly modify claim-salient snippets in the evidence and generate diverse and claim-aligned evidence. Thus, we highly degrade the fact-checking performance under many different permutations of the taxonomy's dimensions. The attacks are also robust against post-hoc modifications of the claim. Our analysis further hints at potential limitations in models' inference when faced with contradicting evidence. We emphasize that these attacks can have harmful implications on the inspectable and human-in-the-loop usage scenarios of such models, and conclude by discussing challenges and directions for future defenses.
Implementing an innovative 'fit breaks' program with elementary school teachers in cohort and non cohort groupings: issues of attitude, adoption, creativity and engagement
Creators: name: Helm, Joanne B.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 135-144
description: Implementation of innovations for classroom use is commonplace for teachers. The objectives of this investigation were to use innovation and change theory research to develop a model of the linear nature and stages of change; to examine the effect of treatment (training and support visits by the researcher as a change agent) on the attitudes and beliefs of teachers implementing a new educational program, F.I.T. Breaks; to evaluate the F .I. T. Breaks program; and to revise the Model based on the study outcomes. First, the Helm-Katz Model was developed to address issues such as need for change, drivers of change, willingness or unwillingness to participate, and implementation, re-invention, or celebration of change. Next, 36 teachers were recruited and non-randomly assigned to either a Cohort group, which received training, support, and weekly meetings, or a No Training group, which only received materials at the beginning of the study. Data was collected via three questionnaires, logbooks, and a follow-up email. Factor analysis and calculation of composite variables (Level of Engagement and Level of Creativity) was used to reduce the data set. MANOV As followed by ANOV As were performed on the derived factors and composite variables and compared between the two treatment groups before and after the study. Comments on the questionnaires were classified and tabulated. There was a difference after implementation between the Cohort group and the No Training Group on a factor concerning belief that the program benefits students (significant at P = 0.027) and a factor concerning program use and enjoyment (trend at P = 0.123). Additionally, ANOV As identified two non-significant variables of interest. A factor concerning benefit and recommendation of the program was higher in the Cohort group, and the number of comments on the Post-Study was higher in the No Training. Evaluation of teacher comments revealed that the F.I.T. Breaks program was highly successful. The Helm-Katz model was redesigned with respect to the role of the change agent, effect of the complexity of the change on intention, and importance of both engagement and creativity in the adoption of an innovation.
Fuzztruction: Using Fault Injection-based Fuzzing to Leverage Implicit Domain Knowledge
Creators: name: Bars, Nils
name: Schloegel, Moritz
name: Scharnowski, Tobias
name: Schiller, Nico
name: Holz, Thorsten
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Today’s digital communication relies on complex protocols and specifications for exchanging structured messages and data. Communication naturally involves two endpoints: One generating data and one consuming it. Traditional fuzz testing approaches replace one endpoint, the generator, with a fuzzer and rapidly test many mutated inputs on the target program under test. While this fully automated approach works well for loosely structured formats, this does not hold for highly structured formats, especially those that go through complex transformations such as compression or encryption. In this work, we propose a novel perspective on generating inputs in highly complex formats without relying on heavy-weight program analysis techniques, coarse-grained grammar approximation, or a human domain expert. Instead of mutating the inputs for a target program, we inject faults into the data generation program so that this data is almost of the expected format. Such data bypasses the initial parsing stages in the consumer program and exercises deeper program states, where it triggers more interesting program behavior. To realize this concept, we propose a set of compile-time and run-time analyses to mutate the generator in a targeted manner, so that it remains intact and produces semi-valid outputs that satisfy the constraints of the complex format. We have implemented this approach in a prototype called Fuzztruction and show that it outperforms the state-of-the-art fuzzers AFL++, SymCC, and Weizz. Fuzztruction finds significantly more coverage than existing methods, especially on targets that use cryptographic primitives. During our evaluation, Fuzztruction uncovered 151 unique crashes (after automated deduplication). So far, we manually triaged and reported 27 bugs that have been acknowledged and 4 CVEs were assigned
Advanced electrochemical reforming of methanol for hydrogen production
Creators: name: Cloutier, Caroline R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The issue of efficient, low-cost, sustainable hydrogen (H₂) production is one of the barriers to the adoption of a H₂ economy. In this thesis, the electrochemical production of H₂ from liquid methanol (CH₃OH) in acidic aqueous media was studied in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser in the static mode at low temperatures. A baseline study showing the influence of CH₃OH concentration, catalyst, catalyst support, operating temperature and operating mode was established. A theoretical thermodynamic analysis of the system was carried out as a function of temperature, and the limiting current densities, kinetic parameters, including the Tafel slopes and current exchange density, and apparent activation energies were determined. The effect of electrochemical promotion (EP) was investigated to see if it can increase the efficiency and performance of H₂ production through electrochemical processes. The electrochemical promotion of electrocatalysis (EPOE) was investigated by carrying out the electrolysis in triode and tetrode operation. It was shown to improve the PEM electrolysis in the galvanostatic and potentiostatic modes. A decrease in electrolysis voltage or an increase in electrolysis current proportional to the current or potential imposed in the auxiliary circuit was observed when the auxiliary current or potential was opposite to the electrolyser circuit current or potential. The effect was observed using catalytic and non-catalytic non-precious electrolyser electrode materials. It was postulated that triode and tetrode operation enhanced the electro-oxidation rate through electrochemical pumping and spillover of protons. With this novel electrolysis configuration, electrolysis cost reduction may be achieved through the use of non-precious electrolyser anode materials and/or improving electrolyser performance. The electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC) was also investigated for the catalytic reforming of CH₃OH at low temperature with Pt-Ru/C and Pt-Ru/TiO₂. The synthesized Pt-Ru/TiO₂ was characterized physico-chemically and electrochemically. Powder catalytic CH₃OH reforming tests showed that both catalysts can be used to generate H₂. EPOC experiments were conducted on gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) in galvanostatic control. Under the experimental conditions, only supplying H⁺ to the catalyst working electrode surface resulted only in a Faradaic enhancement of the catalytic activity for the low temperature reforming of CH₃OH, which appears to be a purely electrophilic behaviour.