cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraining Snyder and GUP models with low-mass stars
Creators: name: Pachoł, Anna
name: Wojnar, Aneta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the application of an equation of state that incorporates corrections derived from the Snyder model (and the Generalized Uncertainty Principle) to describe the behavior of matter in a low-mass star. Remarkably, the resulting equations exhibit striking similarities to those arising from modified Einstein gravity theories. By modeling matter with realistic considerations, we are able to more effectively constrain the theory parameters, surpassing the limitations of existing astrophysical bounds. The bound we obtain is $β_0 \leq 1.36 \times 10^{48}$. We underline the significance of realistic matter modeling in order to enhance our understanding of effects arising in quantum gravity phenomenology and implications of quantum gravitational corrections in astrophysical systems.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, version compatible with Eur.Phys.J.C
Additional file 1 of Engaging citizens living in vulnerable circumstances in research: a narrative review using a systematic search
Creators: name: Goedhart, N. S.
name: Pittens, C. A. C. M.
name: Tončinić, S.
name: Zuiderent-Jerak, T.
name: Dedding, C.
name: Broerse, J. E. W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Search syntax.
The correspondence between rotating black holes and fundamental strings
Creators: name: Čeplak, Nejc
name: Emparan, Roberto
name: Puhm, Andrea
name: Tomašević, Marija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The correspondence principle between strings and black holes is a general framework for matching black holes and massive states of fundamental strings at a point where their physical properties (such as mass, entropy and temperature) smoothly agree with each other. This correspondence becomes puzzling when attempting to include rotation: At large enough spins, there exist degenerate string states that seemingly cannot be matched to any black hole. Conversely, there exist black holes with arbitrarily large spins that cannot correspond to any single-string state. We discuss in detail the properties of both types of objects and find that a correspondence that resolves the puzzles is possible by adding dynamical features and non-stationary configurations to the picture. Our scheme incorporates all black hole and string phases as part of the correspondence, save for one outlier which remains enigmatic: the near-extremal Kerr black hole. Along the way, we elaborate on general aspects of the correspondence that have not been emphasized before.
description: 48 pages, 11 figures. v2: 50 pages, 11 figures. Added discussion of ensembles in the correspondence and other smaller improvements. v3: published version
On the non-evolution of the dependence of black hole masses on bolometric luminosities for QSOs
Creators: name: Lopez-Corredoira, M.
name: Gutierrez, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are extremely luminous quasi stellar objects (QSOs) at high redshift which are absent at low redshift. The lower luminosities at low redshifts can be understood as the external manifestation of either a lower Eddington ratio or a lower mass. To distinguish between both effects, we determine the possible dependence of masses and Eddington ratios of QSOs with a fixed luminosity as a function of redshifts; this avoids the Malmquist bias or any other selection effect. For the masses and Eddington ratios derived for a sample of QSOs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we model their evolution by a double linear fit separating the dependence on redshifts and luminosities. The validity of the fits and possible systematic effects were tested by the use of different estimators of masses or bolometric luminosities, and possible intergalactic extinction effects. The results do not show any significant evolution of black hole masses or Eddington ratios for equal luminosity QSOs. The black hole mass only depends on the bolometric luminosity without significant dependence on the redshift as M_{BH}(10^9 M_sun) = 3.4[L_{bol}(10^{47} erg/s})]^{0.65} on average for z<5. This must not be confused with the possible evolution in the formation of black holes in QSOs. The variations of environment might influence the formation of the black holes but not its subsequent accretion. It also leaves a question to be solved: Why are there not QSOs with very high mass at low redshift? A brief discussion of the possible reasons for this is tentatively pointed out.
description: Accepted to be published in RAA
Psychosocial Variables and Recovery from Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Men and Women
Creators: name: Young, Sandra Nicole
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Psychology--Clinical
subject: coronary artery bypass graft surgery
subject: functional impairment
subject: Mortality
subject: Morbidity
subject: psychosocial
subject: Depression
subject: social support
subject: coronary artery disease
subject: sex differences

description: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is performed to improve impairing coronary artery disease (CAD). Although there is interest in how psychosocial factors impact CABG surgery recovery, little research has investigated psychological and social variables in combination in predicting long-term outcomes following CABG surgery. This dissertation examines the association of depression symptoms and social variables with long-term post-CABG outcomes: life function impairment in social and occupational areas (FI), mortality and morbidity. We hypothesize perceived social support will buffer the association between depression symptoms and outcome and associations may differ for men and women. This prospective, observational, single site study recruited 296 (42% female) post-CABG patients of whom 241 (81%; 44% female) participated at one-year follow-up. Depression symptoms, perceived social support, marital status, household responsibility and life function were assessed by self-report questionnaires in-hospital post-CABG and again one-year later. Mortality and CAD procedures were collected over 12 – 15 year follow-up. In adjusted models, greater baseline depression symptoms, lower perceived social support, lower household responsibilities, and not being married predicted greater one-year FI (R2=.20, p<.001). Baseline social support buffered the association between depression and FI in women (b=.14; 95%CI [.04, .23]) and more strongly predicted one-year FI for women (b=.29; 95%CI [.06, .52]). Long-term survival was also associated with one-year psychosocial measures. A one SD increase in depression symptoms led to greater hazard of mortality only at mean (HR = 1.67; 95% CI [1.21, 2.26]) and high social support (HR = 2.23; 95% CI [1.46, 3.40]). Additively, over the five years after follow-up, being married, greater household responsibility and better life functioning were also associated with improved survival. Regarding CAD procedures, only one-year depression symptoms and life function impairment were associated with greater odds of CAD procedure. Overall, this dissertation supports associations of depression symptoms, social variables and life function with long-term outcomes from CABG surgery. Results suggest perceived social support may be more important for women’s functional outcomes, while depression symptoms and being married with more household responsibilities may be important for men and women. Further, results suggest research should investigate timing of interventions for depressed mood and poor social support.
Additional file 2 of Engaging citizens living in vulnerable circumstances in research: a narrative review using a systematic search
Creators: name: Goedhart, N. S.
name: Pittens, C. A. C. M.
name: Tončinić, S.
name: Zuiderent-Jerak, T.
name: Dedding, C.
name: Broerse, J. E. W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Flow diagram.
Real-Time Simulation of Open Quantum Spin Chains with Inchworm Method
Creators: name: Wang, Geshuo
name: Cai, Zhenning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the real-time simulation of open quantum systems, where the system is modeled by a spin chain, with each spin associated with its own harmonic bath. Our method couples the inchworm method for the spin-boson model and the modular path integral methodology for spin systems. In particular, the introduction of the inchworm method can significantly suppress the numerical sign problem. Both methods are tweaked to make them work seamlessly with each other. We represent our approach in the language of diagrammatic methods, and analyze the asymptotic behavior of the computational cost. Extensive numerical experiments are done to validate our method.
title: Ð­Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ³Ð»ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ðº
title: Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´
titleType: Subtitle
title: Emission and photoelectric properties of nanostructured carbon films
Creators: name: ÐÑÑÐºÐ¸Ð½, ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐµÐ¹
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2020
Subjects: Ð¤Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
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ÑÐ³Ð»ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½ÑÐµ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµ ÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¸
Ð½Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð²
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ÑÑÐ½Ð½ÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ
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ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð°
carbon quantum dots
low-threshold field emission of electrons
electronic structure
tunneling spectroscopy
STM
AFM
photoelectric properties

description: Ð Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½ Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ ÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ "Ñ Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¹" Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð½ÐºÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÐ³Ð»ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¸, Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÑÐºÐ¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÑÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ðº Ð½Ð° ÐºÑÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¸ÐµÐ²ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÐ¾ ÑÐ»Ð¾ÐµÐ¼ ÐµÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾ÐºÐ¸ÑÐ»Ð°, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹. Ð¢ÐµÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð»Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ° ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð½ÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ³Ð»ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ðº Ð½Ð° ÐºÑÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¸Ð¸.
description: In this work, the mechanism of the phenomenon of low-voltage "cold" field emission of electrons by thin carbon films, which is most pronounced for films on silicon substrates with a layer of natural oxide, is investigated, as well as the establishment of regularities of photoelectric phenomena. The local electronic structure of various regions of thin carbon films on silicon has been determined theoretically.
The role of NGOs in development initiatives: an analysis of effective participation and representation in Ghana
Creators: name: Weger, Kimberly
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: NGOs
subject: Ghana
subject: Representation
subject: participation
subject: Development

description: This thesis is concerned with the factors that affect grassroots participation in development initiatives and the ability of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to act as effective grassroots representatives. This research finds that NGOs with ‘social movement’ roots demonstrate superior abilities to act as effective grassroots representatives and promote more effective participation in development initiatives. These NGOs display higher capacities and willingness to access and gain input from grassroots actors compared to international or elite initiated NGOs. The latter are more likely to view themselves as ‘experts’ and have greater physical and social distance to grassroots actors. These results are illustrated through field observations and interviews with NGO staffs, donors, and community members in Ghana, as well as NGO literature and reports, and an extensive review of the relevant academic literature. This research seeks to address a gap within development literature that fails to consider NGOs’ roles as grassroots representatives in development.
The role of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor in stroke
Creators: name: Zis, Odysseas Takis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a 12kDa cytokine with pro-inflammatory properties. Initially characterized as a lymphocyte-secreted factor which inhibits macrophage migration in vitro, MIF has emerged as a multi-faceted cytokine involved in many processes, including cellular responses to ischemia/reperfusion injury in the heart. The main objective of this thesis was to determine whether human MIF expression is induced following cerebral ischemia, the underlying mechanism by which MIF expression is regulated under stroke conditions and its role therein. Previous studies have shown that MIF expression and release from cells is induced during hypoxia. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear. To examine whether the induction of MIF gene expression was mediated by its transcriptional upregulation, the human MIF gene promoter was cloned and a luciferase assay was used to determine the presence of a hypoxia responsive region in the human MIF promoter. The presence of a functional HIF-1α binding site was demonstrated using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The results showed that upregulation of MIF gene expression under stroke is mediated by the effect of hypoxia on an HRE in MIF gene promoter. MIF has been shown to protect cells from ischemia and oxidative stress-induced cell death. To determine whether MIF has a similar protective effect on neurons, rat primary cortical neurons were cultured and subjected to either oxygen-glucose deprivation or treatment with hydrogen peroxide. MIF significantly reduced both OGD and H2O2-induced cell death. The expression of MIF in human brain has not been characterized. To determine whether the expression of MIF in human brain is altered following ischemia, brain sections from 10 stroke patients were immunostained with an antibody against MIF. Blood vessel endothelial cells in the peri-infarct region of ischemic brain displayed strong MIF immunoreactivity. Normal brain endothelium showed no MIF immunoreactivity. To understand the consequence of increased MIF expression by endothelial cells following stroke, the adhesion of human monocytes to human brain endothelial cells exposed to MIF was evaluated in vitro. MIF suppressed the monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. The findings presented here are the first to suggest a role for MIF in cerebral ischemia.
On a zero speed sensitive cellular automaton
Creators: name: Bressaud, Xavier
name: Tisseur, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using an unusual, yet natural invariant measure we show that there exists a sensitive cellular automaton whose perturbations propagate at asymptotically null speed for almost all configurations. More specifically, we prove that Lyapunov Exponents measuring pointwise or average linear speeds of the faster perturbations are equal to zero. We show that this implies the nullity of the measurable entropy. The measure m we consider gives the m-expansiveness property to the automaton. It is constructed with respect to a factor dynamical system based on simple "counter dynamics". As a counterpart, we prove that in the case of positively expansive automata, the perturbations move at positive linear speed over all the configurations.
Additional file 3 of Engaging citizens living in vulnerable circumstances in research: a narrative review using a systematic search
Creators: name: Goedhart, N. S.
name: Pittens, C. A. C. M.
name: Tončinić, S.
name: Zuiderent-Jerak, T.
name: Dedding, C.
name: Broerse, J. E. W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Demographics of the included articles.
Detection of 3.3 Micron Aromatic Feature in the Supernova Remnant N49 with AKARI
Creators: name: Seok, Ji Yeon
name: Koo, Bon-Chul
name: Onaka, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an infrared study of the supernova remnant (SNR) N49 in the Large Magellanic Cloud with the near-infrared (NIR; 2.5 - 5 μm) spectroscopic observations performed by AKARI. The observations were performed as a coarse spectral mapping to cover most of the bright region in the east, which enables us to compare the distribution of various line emission and to examine their correlation. We detect the 3.3 μm aromatic feature in the remnant, which is for the first time to report the presence of the 3.3 μm aromatic feature related to a SNR. In the line maps of H2 1-0 O(3), 3.3 μm feature, and Brα, the distribution of the aromatic feature shows overall correlation with those of other emissions together with regional differences reflecting the local physical conditions. By comparison with other archival imaging data at different wavelengths, the association of the aromatic emission to other ionic/molecular emission is clarified. We examine archival Spitzer IRS data of N49 and find signatures of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features at 6.2, 7.7, and 11.3 μm corresponding to the 3.3 μm aromatic feature. Based on the band ratios of PAHs, we find that PAHs in N49 are not only dominantly neutral but also small in size. We discuss the origin of the PAH emission in N49 and conclude that the emission is either from PAHs that have survived the shock or PAHs in the preshock gas heated by radiative precursor.
description: 32 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted by the ApJ
Unitarity breaking in self-averaging spectral form factors
Creators: name: Matsoukas-Roubeas, Apollonas S.
name: Beau, Mathieu
name: Santos, Lea F.
name: del Campo, Adolfo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complex Fourier transform of the two-point correlator of the energy spectrum of a quantum system is known as the spectral form factor (SFF). It constitutes an essential diagnostic tool for phases of matter and quantum chaos. In black hole physics, it describes the survival probability (fidelity) of a thermofield double state under unitary time evolution. However, detailed properties of the SFF of isolated quantum systems with generic spectra are smeared out by large temporal fluctuations, whose minimization requires disorder or time averages. This requirement holds for any system size, that is, the SFF is non-self averaging. Exploiting the fidelity-based interpretation of this quantity, we prove that using filters, disorder and time averages of the SFF involve unitarity breaking, i.e., open quantum dynamics described by a quantum channel that suppresses quantum noise. Specifically, averaging over Hamiltonian ensembles, time averaging, and frequency filters can be described by the class of mixed-unitary quantum channels in which information loss can be recovered. Frequency filters are associated with a time-continuous master equation generalizing energy dephasing. We also discuss the use of eigenvalue filters. They are linked to non-Hermitian Hamiltonian evolution without quantum jumps, whose long-time behavior is described by a Hamiltonian deformation. We show that frequency and energy filters make the SFF self-averaging at long times.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Development of an In‐Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratio for Emergency Department Sensitive Conditions
Creators: name: Berthelot, Simon
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Health Care Management
subject: hospital standardized mortality ratio
subject: emergency-sensitive conditions
subject: healthcare performance
subject: Emergency Department
subject: Quality of Care
subject: inhospital mortality

description: Healthcare systems in developed countries are grappling with emergency department (ED) overcrowding. Although a prominent issue yielding many related metrics, accessibility is only one dimension by which to measure ED performance. To gain a broader understanding of healthcare performance and to adequately measure it in the ED setting, a more comprehensive approach is required. If valuable process and timeline indicators have to be closely linked with patients’ outcomes, the outcomes themselves must also be measured. In direct response to this challenge, this thesis project aimed to develop and validate an in-hospital standardized mortality ratio specific to emergency sensitive conditions as one tool for measuring ED care performance.
Additional file 1 of The prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Ai, Yaqin
name: Xu, Ruoxin
name: Liu, Lingping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines_2020_checklist.
Visualization for Multivariate Gaussian Anomaly Detection in Images
Creators: name: Bertoldo, Joao P C
name: Arrustico, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces a simplified variation of the PaDiM (Pixel-Wise Anomaly Detection through Instance Modeling) method for anomaly detection in images, fitting a single multivariate Gaussian (MVG) distribution to the feature vectors extracted from a backbone convolutional neural network (CNN) and using their Mahalanobis distance as the anomaly score. We introduce an intermediate step in this framework by applying a whitening transformation to the feature vectors, which enables the generation of heatmaps capable of visually explaining the features learned by the MVG. The proposed technique is evaluated on the MVTec-AD dataset, and the results show the importance of visual model validation, providing insights into issues in this framework that were otherwise invisible. The visualizations generated for this paper are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7937978.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, accepted to 2023 Twelfth International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA)
Convergent Validity and Test Re-Test Reliability of Two Accelerometers for Measuring Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in a Healthy Population of Older Women
Creators: name: Pfister, Ted
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: Accelerometry

description: A central aspect of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) research is accurate assessment in the context of disease outcomes. The primary objectives were to evaluate the convergent validity and test-retest reliability of the ActiGraph® GT3X+ (AG) and ActivPAL3® (AP) accelerometers. Participants were from the Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta (n=225) and wore both monitors concurrently during waking hours for seven days. When comparing AG Vector Magnitude (VM) and Vertical axis (VT) with AP, all measures of PA were statistically significantly different with the exception of moderate activity between AG (VM) and AP (p=0.15). No statistically significant difference occurred between AP and AG (VM) or (VT) for time in SB with p=0.48 and p=0.27, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranged from 0.66 to 0.93 for moderate and sedentary time by AG (VT), respectively. Despite small mean differences at the group level, limits of agreement suggest these devices cannot be used interchangeably.
The effects of antihypertensive drugs in different clinical settings : lessons learned from two systematic reviews and a clinical trial
Creators: name: Perez Garcia, Marco Antonio I.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Context: The ultimate goal when using anti-hypertensive drugs is to reduce adverse health outcomes. In acute clinical settings, total all-cause mortality is the best measure of net health effect (benefit minus harm). Objectives: a) To determine the effects of anti-hypertensive drugs on all-cause mortality compared to a control in hypertensive emergencies and acute cardiovascular events b) To learn randomized controlled trial (RCT) methodology. Methods: Two systematic reviews were conducted of published RCTs evaluating blood pressure (BP) lowering drugs. The first review was limited to patients with a hypertensive emergency. The second was limited to patients treated within 24 hours of an acute cardiovascular event. A parallel RCT was conducted in hypertensive outpatients comparing the blood pressure lowering effect of hydrochlorothiazide with two psychological interventions. Results: In hypertensive emergency patients, 15 RCTs (N=869) studying nitrates, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists, diuretics, and direct vasodilators were analyzed. There was no evidence for an effect on mortality with any of these drug classes. In the acute cardiovascular event review, sixty-five RCTs (N=166,206) were analyzed, involving four classes of anti-hypertensive drugs. Acute stroke was studied in 6 RCTs and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 59 RCTs. Immediate treatment with nitrates in patients with AMI significantly reduced all-cause mortality at 2 days (RR 0.81, 95%CI [0.74, 0.89], p<0.0001, ARR 0.4 %). Immediate treatment with ACE-inhibitors significantly reduced mortality only when continued for 10 days (RR 0.93, 95%CI [0.87, 0.98] p=0.01, ARR 0.4%). The other classes did not reduce all-cause mortality. Conducting the RCT assisted with and improved the critical appraisal of RCTs analyzed in the systematic reviews and prepared me to design and conduct a large high-quality RCT. Conclusion: In patients with suspected or definite acute myocardial infarction nitrates administered immediately and continued for 2 days reduce all-cause mortality at 2 days. In the same clinical setting ACE inhibitors started within 24 hours and continued for 10 days reduce mortality at 10 days. There is no RCT evidence that anti-hypertensive drugs reduce mortality in hypertensive emergencies.
Universal Sequence Replication, Reversible Polymerization and Early Functional Biopolymers: A Model for the Initiation of Prebiotic Sequence Evolution
Creators: name: Walker, Sara Imari
name: Grover, Martha A.
name: Hud, Nicholas V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Many models for the origin of life have focused on understanding how evolution can drive the refinement of a preexisting enzyme, such as the evolution of efficient replicase activity. Here we present a model for what was, arguably, an even earlier stage of chemical evolution, when polymer sequence diversity was generated and sustained before, and during, the onset of functional selection. The model includes regular environmental cycles (e.g. hydration-dehydration cycles) that drive polymers between times of replication and functional activity, which coincide with times of different monomer and polymer diffusivity. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that this proposed prebiotic scenario provides a robust mechanism for the exploration of sequence space. Introduction of a polymer sequence with monomer synthetase activity illustrates that functional sequences can become established in a preexisting pool of otherwise non-functional sequences. Functional selection does not dominate system dynamics and sequence diversity remains high, permitting the emergence and spread of more than one functional sequence. It is also observed that polymers spontaneously form clusters in simulations where polymers diffuse more slowly than monomers, a feature that is reminiscent of a previous proposal that the earliest stages of life could have been defined by the collective evolution of a system-wide cooperation of polymer aggregates. Overall, the results presented demonstrate the merits of considering plausible prebiotic polymer chemistries and environments that would have allowed for the rapid turnover of monomer resources and for regularly varying monomer/polymer diffusivities.
description: 21 pages, 6 Figures, Additional 7 page Supplement and 6 Supplementary Figures (movie files not included), In press PLoS ONE
Depression in Epilepsy
Creators: name: Fiest, Kirsten
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Depression
subject: Epilepsy
subject: Epidemiology

description: A relationship between depression and epilepsy has been consistently reported in the literature. Most of this research has estimated the proportion of people with depression in epilepsy. More recently, research has focused on determining fast and accurate methods of diagnosing depression in clinical samples. In contrast, there is a relative dearth of research into the treatment of depression in epilepsy using both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Despite this research, there are still gaps in the knowledge base of this association. The literature on depression in epilepsy has not been reviewed and summarized. Screening tools for identifying depression in epilepsy have either not been validated, or have not been validated with a gold standard tool. Finally, patterns of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of depression in epilepsy have not been well characterized. The work reported in this dissertation addresses each of these three knowledge gaps. Based on a systematic review, the overall pooled prevalence of active depression in persons with epilepsy was found to be 23.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 20.6%-28.3%), and the overall odds ratio of active depression in those with epilepsy, relative to those without, was 2.77 (95% CI: 2.09-3.67). Three depression screening tools, one of which was previously not validated, and new cut-points for scoring were explored in a group of 185 persons with epilepsy. Compared to a gold-standard diagnostic interview, the tools with the best overall balance of sensitivity and specificity were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at a cut-point of seven and the Patient Health Questionnaire with a cut-point of nine. Newly suggested cut-points for scoring performed better than those cut-points recommended for use in the general population. Considering both pharmacological and non- pharmacological treatments for depression in persons with epilepsy, the majority of persons (70.3%) with current depression were not receiving depression-related therapy. Of those treated, ii most were receiving non-pharmacological treatments for depression. More persons with a past history of depression (37.2%) were receiving treatment, of which the majority was by pharmacological management. The results of these studies characterize the identification and management of depression, addressing knowledge gaps and providing direction for future research.
Reconstruction of 3-Axis Seismocardiogram from Right-to-left and Head-to-foot Components Using A Long Short-Term Memory Network
Creators: name: Rahman, Mohammad Muntasir
name: Taebi, Amirtahà
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This pilot study aims to develop a deep learning model for predicting seismocardiogram (SCG) signals in the dorsoventral direction from the SCG signals in the right-to-left and head-to-foot directions ($\textrm{SCG}_x$ and $\textrm{SCG}_y$). The dataset used for the training and validation of the model was obtained from 15 healthy adult subjects. The SCG signals were recorded using tri-axial accelerometers placed on the chest of each subject. The signals were then segmented using electrocardiogram R waves, and the segments were downsampled, normalized, and centered around zero. The resulting dataset was used to train and validate a long short-term memory (LSTM) network with two layers and a dropout layer to prevent overfitting. The network took as input 100-time steps of $\textrm{SCG}_x$ and $\textrm{SCG}_y$, representing one cardiac cycle, and outputted a vector that mapped to the target variable being predicted. The results showed that the LSTM model had a mean square error of 0.09 between the predicted and actual SCG segments in the dorsoventral direction. The study demonstrates the potential of deep learning models for reconstructing 3-axis SCG signals using the data obtained from dual-axis accelerometers.
Additional file 2 of The prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Ai, Yaqin
name: Xu, Ruoxin
name: Liu, Lingping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Subgroup analysis of prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Interplay of composition, structure, magnetism, and superconductivity in SmFeAs1-xPxO1-y
Creators: name: Zhigadlo, N. D.
name: Katrych, S.
name: Bendele, M.
name: Moll, P. J. W.
name: Tortello, M.
name: Weyeneth, S.
name: Pomjakushin, V. Yu.
name: Kanter, J.
name: Puzniak, R.
name: Bukowski, Z.
name: Keller, H.
name: Gonnelli, R. S.
name: Khasanov, R.
name: Karpinski, J.
name: Batlogg, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polycrystalline samples and single crystals of SmFeAs1-xPxO1-y were synthesized and grown employing different synthesis methods and annealing conditions. Depending on the phosphorus and oxygen content, the samples are either magnetic or superconducting. In the fully oxygenated compounds the main impact of phosphorus substitution is to suppress the Néel temperature TN of the spin density wave (SDW) state, and to strongly reduce the local magnetic field in the SDW state, as deduced from muon spin rotation measurements. On the other hand the superconducting state is observed in the oxygen deficient samples only after heat treatment under high pressure. Oxygen deficiency as a result of synthesis at high pressure brings the Sm-O layer closer to the superconducting As/P-Fe-As/P block and provides additional electron transfer. Interestingly, the structural modifications in response to this variation of the electron count are significantly different when phosphorus is partly substituting arsenic. Point contact spectra are well described with two superconducting gaps. Magnetic and resistance measurements on single crystals indicate an in-plane magnetic penetration depth of 200 nm and an anisotropy of the upper critical field slope of 4-5. PACS number(s): 74.70.Xa, 74.62.Bf, 74.25.-q, 81.20.-n
description: 36 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 3 of The prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Ai, Yaqin
name: Xu, Ruoxin
name: Liu, Lingping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Meta-analysis of risk factors for sarcopenia in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Controlling periodic Fano resonances of quantum acoustic waves with a giant atom coupled to microwave waveguide
Creators: name: Kuo, Po-Chen
name: Lin, Jhen-Dong
name: Huang, Yin-Chun
name: Chen, Yueh-Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanoscale Fano resonances, with applications from telecommunications to ultra-sensitive biosensing, have prompted extensive research. We demonstrate that a superconducting qubit, jointly coupled to microwave waveguides and an inter-digital transducer composite device, can exhibit acoustic Fano resonances. Our analytical framework, leveraging the Taylor series approximation, elucidates the origins of these quantum acoustic resonances with periodic Fano-like interference. By analyzing the analytical Fano parameter, we demonstrate that the Fano resonances and their corresponding Fano widths near the resonance frequency of a giant atom can be precisely controlled and manipulated by adjusting the time delay. Moreover, not just the near-resonant Fano profiles, but the entire periodic Fano resonance features can be precisely modulated from Lorentz, Fano to quasi-Lorentz shapes by tuning the coupling strength of the microwave waveguide. Our analytical framework offers insights into the control and manipulation of periodic Fano resonances in quantum acoustic waves, thereby presenting significant potential for applications such as quantum information processing, sensing, and communication.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Soft Session Types
Creators: name: Lago, Ugo Dal
name: Di Giamberardino, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.2; F.4.1

description: We show how systems of session types can enforce interactions to be bounded for all typable processes. The type system we propose is based on Lafont's soft linear logic and is strongly inspired by recent works about session types as intuitionistic linear logic formulas. Our main result is the existence, for every typable process, of a polynomial bound on the length of any reduction sequence starting from it and on the size of any of its reducts.
description: In Proceedings EXPRESS 2011, arXiv:1108.4077
Superfluidity and collective properties of excitonic polaritons in gapped graphene in a microcavity
Creators: name: Berman, Oleg L.
name: Kezerashvili, Roman Ya.
name: Ziegler, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict the formation and superfluidity of polaritons in an optical microcavity formed by excitons in gapped graphene embedded there and microcavity photons. The Rabi splitting related to the creation of an exciton in a graphene layer in the presence of the band gap is obtained. The analysis of collective excitations as well as the sound velocity is presented. We show that the superfluid density and temperature of the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition are decreasing functions of the energy gap.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
The Place of Planners in Tourism-Development-Planning: A Case Study of San Blas, Mexico
Creators: name: Gonzalez De Aguinaga, Ximena Maria
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geography
subject: Social Structure and Development
subject: Urban and Regional Planning
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography
subject: Tourism Development Planning
subject: Urban Planning
subject: Mexico
subject: Urban Planning Policy
subject: Tourism
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Currently, Mexico relies on a neoliberal strategy for development and the improvement of life conditions. As part of this strategy, the state has guided urban planning towards the creation of tourist enclaves. However, the anticipated positive effects of tourism on the residents’ quality of life have been called into question. Given the economic character of the spaces produced, subjective components of space and their influence on wellbeing are neglected in the state’s development model. To support a qualitative shift in the urban planning framework in the context of tourism development, this work proposes a thorough identification of the features of place that, existing at the site prior to tourism development, are key for any discussion of wellbeing.
Interfacial Hot Carrier Collection Controls Plasmonic Chemistry
Creators: name: Kiani, Fatemeh
name: Bowman, Alan R.
name: Sabzehparvar, Milad
name: Karaman, Can O.
name: Sundararaman, Ravishankar
name: Tagliabue, Giulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Harnessing non-equilibrium hot carriers from plasmonic metal nanostructures constitutes a vibrant research field. It promises to enable control of activity and selectivity of photochemical reactions, especially for solar fuel generation. However, a comprehensive understanding of the interplay of plasmonic hot carrier-driven processes in metal/semiconducting heterostructures has remained elusive. In this work, we reveal the complex interdependence between plasmon excitation, hot carrier generation, transport and interfacial collection in plasmonic photocatalytic devices, uniquely determining the charge injection efficiencies at the solid/solid and solid/liquid interfaces. Interestingly, by measuring the internal quantum efficiency of ultrathin (14 to 33 nm) single-crystalline plasmonic gold (Au) nanoantenna arrays on titanium dioxide substrates, we find that the performance of the device is governed by hot hole collection at the metal/electrolyte interface. In particular, by combining a solid- and liquid-state experimental approach with ab initio simulations, we show a more efficient collection of high-energy d-band holes traveling in [111] orientation, resulting in a stronger oxidation reaction at the {111} surfaces of the nanoantenna. These results thus establish new guidelines for the design and optimization of plasmonic photocatalytic systems and optoelectronic devices.
Towards a novel minimally invasive three dimensional ultrasound imaging based computer assisted orthopaedic surgery system for bone fracture reduction
Creators: name: Hacihaliloglu, Ilker
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Current practice in orthopaedic surgery relies on intra-operative two dimensional (2D) fluoroscopy as the main imaging modality for localization and visualization of bone tissue, fractures, implants, and surgical tool positions. However, with such projection imaging, surgeons typically face considerable difficulties in accurately localizing bone fragments in three dimensional (3D) space and assessing the adequacy and accuracy of reduced fractures. Furthermore, fluoroscopy involves significant radiation exposure. Ultrasound (US) has recently emerged as a potential non-ionizing imaging alternative that promises safer operation while remaining relatively cheap and widely available. US image data, however, is typically characterized by high levels of speckle noise, reverberation, anisotropy and signal dropout which introduce significant difficulties in interpretation of captured data, automatic detection and segmentation of image features and accurate localization of imaged bone surfaces. In this thesis we propose a novel technique for automatic bone surface and surgical tool localization in US that employs local phase image information to derive symmetry-based features corresponding to tissue/bone or tissue/surgical tool interfaces through the use of 2D Log-Gabor filters. We extend the proposed method to 3D in order to take advantage of correlations between adjacent images. We validate the performance of the proposed approach quantitatively using realistic phantom and in-vitro experiments as well as qualitatively on in-vivo and ex-vivo data. Furthermore, we evaluate the ability of the proposed method in detecting gaps between fractured bone fragments. The current study is therefore the first to show that bone surfaces, surgical tools and fractures can be accurately localized using local phase features computed directly from 3D ultrasound image volumes. Log-Gabor filters have a strong dependence on the chosen filter parameters, the values of which significantly affect the outcome of the features being extracted. We present a novel method for contextual parameter selection that is autonomously adaptive to image content. Finally, we investigate the hypothesis that 3D US can be used to detect fractures reliably in the emergency room with three clinical studies. We believe that the results presented in this work will be invaluable for all future imaging studies with US in orthopaedics.
Astrophysical Explosions: From Solar Flares to Cosmic Gamma-ray Bursts
Creators: name: Wheeler, J. Craig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astrophysical explosions result from the release of magnetic, gravitational, or thermonuclear energy on dynamical timescales, typically the sound-crossing time for the system. These explosions include solar and stellar flares, eruptive phenomena in accretion disks, thermonuclear combustion on the surfaces of white dwarfs and neutron stars, violent magnetic reconnection in neutron stars, thermonuclear and gravitational collapse supernovae and cosmic gamma-ray bursts, each representing a different type and amount of energy release. This paper summarizes the properties of these explosions and describes new research on thermonuclear explosions and explosions in extended circumstellar media. Parallels are drawn between studies of terrestrial and astrophysical explosions, especially the physics of the transition from deflagration to detonation. Keywords: neutron stars, black holes, supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, deflagration, detonation.
description: 26 pages, 11 Figures. To be published in the Special Issue on Physics, Chemistry and Dynamics of Explosions of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society