cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Autoantibodies to selenoprotein P in chronic fatigue syndrome suggest selenium transport impairment and acquired resistance to thyroid hormone
Creators: name: Sun, Qian
name: Oltra, Elisa
name: Dijck-Brouwer, D.A. Janneke
name: Chillon, Thilo Samson
name: Seemann, Petra
name: Asaad, Sabrina
name: Demircan, Kamil
name: Espejo-Oltra, José Andrés
name: Sánchez-Fito, Teresa
name: Martín-Martínez, Eva
name: Minich, Waldemar B.
name: Muskiet, Frits A.J.
name: Schomburg, Lutz
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: SELENOP
subject: Trace element
subject: Redox
subject: COVID
subject: Autoimmunity
subject: Glutathione peroxidase
subject: Spurenelemente
subject: Autoimmunität
subject: Glutathion-Peroxidase
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) presents with symptoms of hypothyroidism, including mental and physical fatigue, poor sleep, depression, and anxiety. However, thyroid hormone (TH) profiles of elevated thyrotropin and low thyroxine (T4) are not consistently observed. Recently, autoantibodies to the Se transporter SELENOP (SELENOP-aAb) have been identified in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and shown to impair selenoprotein expression. We hypothesized that SELENOP-aAb are prevalent in CFS, and associate with reduced selenoprotein expression and impaired TH deiodination. Se status and SELENOP-aAb prevalence was compared by combining European CFS patients (n = 167) and healthy controls (n = 545) from different sources. The biomarkers total Se, glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) and SELENOP showed linear correlations across the samples without reaching saturation, indicative of Se deficiency. SELENOP-aAb prevalence was 9.6-15.6% in CFS versus 0.9-2.0% in controls, depending on cut-off for positivity. The linear correlation between Se and GPx3 activity was absent in SELENOP-aAb positive patients, suggesting impaired Se supply of kidney. A subgroup of paired control (n = 119) and CSF (n = 111) patients had been characterized for TH and biochemical parameters before. Within this subgroup, SELENOP-aAb positive patients displayed particularly low deiodinase activity (SPINA-GD index), free T3 levels, total T3 to total T4 (TT3/TT4) and free T3 to free T4 (FT3/FT4) ratios. In 24 h urine, iodine concentrations were significantly lower in SELENOP-aAb positive than in SELENOP-aAb negative patients or controls (median (IQR); 43.2 (16.0) vs. 58.9 (45.2) vs. 89.0 (54.9) & mu;g/L). The data indicate that SELENOP-aAb associate with low deiodination rate and reduced activation of TH to active T3. We conclude that a subset of CFS patients express SELENOP-aAb that disturb Se transport and reduce sele-noprotein expression in target tissues. Hereby, TH activation decreases as an acquired condition not reflected by thyrotropin and T4 in blood. This hypothesis opens new diagnostic and therapeutic options for SELENOP-aAb positive CFS, but requires clinical evidence from intervention trials.
Translation of Experimental Findings from Animal to Human Biology: Identification of Neuronal Mineralocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptors in a Sectioned Main Nerve Trunk of the Leg
Creators: name: Tafelski, Sascha
name: Wandrey, Jan D.
name: Shaqura, Mohammed
name: Hong, Xueqi
name: Beyer, Antje
name: Schäfer, Michael
name: Mousa, Shaaban A.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: mineralocorticoid receptor
subject: glucocorticoid receptor
subject: human peripheral nerve
subject: nociception
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The activation of the mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors on peripheral sensory neurons seems to modify pain perception through both direct non-genomic and indirect genomic pathways. These distinct subpopulations of sensory neurons are not known for peripheral human nerves. Therefore, we examined MR and GR on subpopulations of sensory neurons in sectioned human and rat peripheral nerves. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and double immunofluorescence confocal analysis of MR and GR with the neuronal markers PGP9.5, neurofilament 200 (NF200), and the potential pain signaling molecules CGRP, Nav1.8, and TRPV1 were performed in human and rat nerve tissue. We evaluated mechanical hyperalgesia after intrathecal administration of GR and MR agonists. We isolated MR- and GR-specific mRNA from human peripheral nerves using RT-PCR. Our double immunofluorescence analysis showed that the majority of GR colocalized with NF200 positive, myelinated, mechanoreceptive A-fibers and, to a lesser extent, with peripheral peptidergic CGRP-immunoreactive sensory nerve fibers in humans and rats. However, the majority of MR colocalized with CGRP in rat as well as human nerve tissue. Importantly, there was an abundant colocalization of MR with the pain signaling molecules TRPV1, CGRP, and Nav1.8 in human as well as rat nerve tissue. The intrathecal application of the GR agonist reduced, and intrathecal administration of an MR agonist increased, mechanical hyperalgesia in rats. Altogether, these findings support a translational approach in mammals that aims to explain the modulation of sensory information through MR and GR activation. Our findings show a significant overlap between humans and rats in MR and GR expression in peripheral sensory neurons.
Affine Yangian of $\mathfrak{gl}(2)$ and integrable structures of superconformal field theory
Creators: name: Chistyakova, Elizaveta
name: Litvinov, Alexey
name: Orlov, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to study of integrable structures in superconformal field theory and more general coset CFT's related to the affine Yangian $\textrm{Y}\big(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}(2)\big)$. We derive the relation between the RLL and current realizations and prove Bethe anzatz equations for the spectrum of Integrals of Motion.
Macromolecule Translocation across the Intestinal Mucosa of HIV-Infected Patients by Transcytosis and through Apoptotic Leaks
Creators: name: Krug, Susanne M.
name: Grünhagen, Carolin
name: Allers, Kristina
name: Bojarski, Christian
name: Seybold, Joachim
name: Schneider, Thomas
name: Schulzke, Jörg-Dieter
name: Epple, Hans-Jörg
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: HIV
subject: intestine
subject: transcytosis
subject: apoptosis
subject: macromolecule passage
subject: tight junction
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Based on indirect evidence, increased mucosal translocation of gut-derived microbial macromolecules has been proposed as an important pathomechanism in HIV infection. Here, we quantified macromolecule translocation across intestinal mucosa from treatment-naive HIV-infected patients, HIV-infected patients treated by combination antiretroviral therapy, and HIV-negative controls and analyzed the translocation pathways involved. Macromolecule permeability was quantified by FITC-Dextran 4000 (FD4) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) flux measurements. Translocation pathways were addressed using cold inhibition experiments. Tight junction proteins were characterized by immunoblotting. Epithelial apoptosis was quantified and translocation pathways were further characterized by flux studies in T84 cell monolayers using inducers and inhibitors of apoptosis and endocytosis. In duodenal mucosa of untreated but not treated HIV-infected patients, FD4 and HRP permeabilities were more than a 4-fold increase compared to the HIV-negative controls. Duodenal macromolecule permeability was partially temperature-dependent and associated with epithelial apoptosis without altered expression of the analyzed tight junction proteins. In T84 monolayers, apoptosis induction increased, and both apoptosis and endocytosis inhibitors reduced macromolecule permeability. Using quantitative analysis, we demonstrate the increased macromolecule permeability of the intestinal mucosa in untreated HIV-infected patients. Combining structural and mechanistic studies, we identified two pathways of increased macromolecule translocation in HIV infection: transcytosis and passage through apoptotic leaks.
2nd Retinal Fundus Glaucoma Challenge 2020
Creators: name: Huazhu Fu
name: Yanwu Xu
name: Orlando, José Ignacio
name: Bogunovi, Hrvoje
name: Li, Fei
name: Xiulan Zhang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: MICCAI Challenges
Biomedical Challenges
MICCAI
Fundus image
Glaucoma detection
Optic disc
Optic cup

description: This is the challenge design document for the "2nd Retinal Fundus Glaucoma Challenge 2020", accepted for MICCAI 2020. Glaucoma is currently the leading reason of irreversible blindness in the world. This challenge brings together the medical image analysis community to develop novel automated classification and segmentation methods and to evaluate and compare them for glaucoma detection and optic disc/cup segmentation on a large dataset of retinal fundus images. 1st REFUGE was organized successfully in MICCAI 2018, where 28 teams registered out of which 11 submitted the test set results and participated in. In this year, our REFUGE-2 challenge will utilize a larger dataset (2000 images with glaucoma labels and disc/cup annotations) with more camera modalities (four fundus cameras), which are collected from multiple medical centers. The additional 800 images are captured using two new camera modalities. The REFUGE-2 challenge will consist of three tasks: 1) Classification of clinical Glaucoma; 2) Segmentation of Optic Disc and Cup; 3) Localization of Fovea, which gives attention to the clinical application and technical research.
An extended analysis for a generalized Chaplygin gas model
Creators: name: Mamon, Abdulla Al
name: Paliathanasis, Andronikos
name: Saha, Subhajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we have extended the analysis on the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) model as the unification of dark energy and dark matter. Specifically, we have shown that the model of our consideration known as the new generalized Chaplygin gas (NGCG) model, admits a scalar field description, which means that there exist a minimally coupled scalar field for a given scalar field potential where the equation of state is that of the NGCG. With the use of the later property we can construct the slow-roll parameters and derive the corresponding values for the spectral indices for the tensor to scalar perturbation and for the density perturbations. We have also studied the growth rate of matter perturbations in the NGCG scenario. Finally, we have studied the viability of the generalized second law of thermodynamics by assuming that the dynamical apparent horizon in a NGCG universe is endowed with Hawking temperature and Bekenstein entropy.
description: v2: 20 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in EPJC
Atmospheric retrievals of terrestrial planets with future space missions
Creators: name: Alei, Eleonora
name: Konrad, Björn
name: Angerhausen, Daniel
name: Quanz, Sascha Patrick
name: LIFE Collaboration
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: From the White Paper series within the ESA “Voyage 2050” process [1] and the US Astro 2020 Decadal [2], it is clear that the astronomical community is going to focus on investigating temperate, terrestrial exoplanets to understand their potential habitability and search for atmospheric signatures of biospheres. 

Various concepts for future space missions have been proposed, from a large IR/O/UV (LUVOIR/HabEx-like) space mission for studies in reflected light [3, 4], to the mid-infrared nulling interferometer LIFE (Large Interferometer for Exoplanets), to characterize the thermal portion of the planetary spectrum [5, 6]. Their goal is to constrain the bulk parameters, atmospheric structure and composition, and the surface conditions of dozens of terrestrial exoplanets. Atmospheric retrieval studies are essential to define the potential of future missions, determine the technical requirements, as well as to validate the analysis pipelines. It is also relevant at this stage to quantify any synergy among the various instruments, in order to identify compelling science cases whose characterization would be enhanced by observation in multiple wavelength ranges.

Bayesian retrieval routines are the key to a statistically robust analysis of a measured atmospheric spectrum. The Bayesian retrieval method builds on iteratively fitting a parametric model for the planet spectrum to the observed spectrum to get estimates on the composition of the planet’s atmosphere and its structure. Such a method can be useful to quantify the amount of information that can be extracted from an observed spectrum, depending on its quality (in terms of resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, observing time, and wavelength range).

Retrieval studies are currently being performed in order to determine the requirements for the upcoming missions. In this talk, I will summarize the main results of the latest atmospheric retrieval studies that were performed during the studies of some future space mission concepts.
description: EPSC Abstracts, 16
Random batch particle methods for the homogeneous Landau equation
Creators: name: Carrillo, José Antonio
name: Jin, Shi
name: Tang, Yijia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider in this paper random batch particle methods for efficiently solving the homogeneous Landau equation in plasma physics. The methods are stochastic variations of the particle methods proposed by Carrillo et al. [J. Comput. Phys.: X 7: 100066, 2020] using the random batch strategy. The collisions only take place inside the small but randomly selected batches so that the computational cost is reduced to $O(N)$ per time step. Meanwhile, our methods can preserve the conservation of mass, momentum, energy and the decay of entropy. Several numerical examples are performed to validate our methods.
Status and progress of the Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) mission
Creators: name: Angerhausen, Daniel
name: Alei, Eleonora
name: Quanz, Sascha Patrick
name: The LIFE Initiative
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: The ESA Voyage 2050 Senior Committee [0] recommends that “launching a large mission enabling the characterisation of the atmosphere of temperate exoplanets in the mid-infrared should be a top priority for ESA within the Voyage 2050 timeframe.”  The Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) mission concept is a project that addresses this science question. LIFE was initiated in Europe with the goal to consolidate all necessary efforts and define a realistic roadmap that will lead to the launch of a large, space-based MIR nulling interferometer. This mission should be able to investigate the atmospheric properties of a large sample of (primarily) terrestrial, temperate exoplanets. In this contribution we present a status report and new results from the LIFE Mission initiative.
description: EPSC Abstracts, 16
Sex-specific associations of serum selenium and selenoprotein P with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the Berlin Aging Study II
Creators: name: Demircan, Kamil
name: Hybsier, Sandra
name: Chillon, Thilo Samson
name: Vetter, Valentin Max
name: Rijntjes, Eddy
name: Demuth, Ilja
name: Schomburg, Lutz
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Berlin aging study II
subject: SELENOP
subject: Glucose
subject: Insulin
subject: Trace elements
subject: Berliner Alterungsstudie II
subject: Glukose
subject: Spurenelemente
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Selenium is essential for expression and proper function of a set of redox active selenoproteins implicated in aging-relevant diseases, e.g. type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and hypertension. However, data in cohorts of older adults, particularly with respect to different Se biomarkers and sex-specific analyses are sparse. Objective: To assess associations of serum Se and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) concentrations with T2D and hypertension in a cohort of older females and males. Methods: This study included 1500 participants from the Berlin Aging Study II. Diagnosis of T2D was made in case of antidiabetic medication, self-reported T2D, or laboratory parameters. Diagnosis of hypertension was based on self-report, blood pressure measurement, or anti-hypertensive medication. Se was measured by spectroscopy, and SELENOP by ELISA. Multiple adjusted regression models quantified dose-dependent associations. Results: Participants had a median(IQR) age of 68 (65,71) years, and 767 (51%) were women. 191 (13%) participants had T2D and 1126 (75%) had hypertension. Se and SELENOP correlated significantly (r = 0.59, p < 0.001), and were elevated in those with self-reported Se supplementation. Serum Se and SELENOP were not associated with T2D in the whole cohort. In men, SELENOP was positively associated with T2D, OR (95%CI) for one mg/L increase in SELENOP was 1.22 (1.00,1.48). Se was non-linearly associated with hypertension, comparing to the lowest quartile (Q1), and participants with higher Se levels (Q3) had a lower OR (95%CI) of 0.66 (0.45,0.96), which was specific for men. SELENOP positively associated with hypertension, and OR (95%CI) per one mg/L increase was 1.15 (1.01,1.32). Conclusions: The data suggest a sex-specific interrelationship of Se status with T2D and hypertension, with apparent biomarker-specific associations.
An urban morphology clustering analysis to identify local heat hotspots in cities
Creators: name: Sützl, Birgit
name: Strebel, Dominik André
name: Rubin, Andreas
name: Kubilay, Aytaç
name: Zhao, Yongling
name: Carmeliet, Jan
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: EGUsphere
New playground for diamond quantum optics: 446nm ODMR-active center of unknown origin
Creators: name: Kolesov, Roman
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Presentation on progress in cavity QED with rare-earth ions and on new ODMR active defects in diamond. Presented at Frontiers of Nonlinear Physics FNP-2019, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Imaging Predictors of Left Ventricular Functional Recovery after Reperfusion Therapy of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Creators: name: Virbickiene, Agneta
name: Lapinskas, Tomas
name: Garlichs, Christoph D.
name: Mattecka, Stephan
name: Tanacli, Radu
name: Ries, Wolfgang
name: Torzewski, Jan
name: Heigl, Franz
name: Pfluecke, Christian
name: Darius, Harald
name: Ince, Hueseyin
name: Nordbeck, Peter
name: Butter, Christian
name: Schuster, Andreas
name: Mitzner, Steffen
name: Dobiliene, Olivija
name: Sheriff, Ahmed
name: Kelle, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: acute myocardial infarction
subject: myocardial area-at-risk
subject: feature tracking
subject: infarct size
subject: myocardial salvage index
subject: left ventricular recovery
subject: strain
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) is a superior predictor of adverse cardiac events in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure. We investigated the ability of morphological features of infarcted myocardium to detect acute left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and predict LV functional recovery after three months in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: Sixty-six STEMI patients were included in the C-reactive protein (CRP) apheresis in Acute Myocardial Infarction Study (CAMI-1). LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LV GLS, LV global circumferential strain (LV GCS), infarct size (IS), area-at-risk (AAR), and myocardial salvage index (MSI) were assessed by CMR 5 ± 3 days (baseline) and 12 ± 2 weeks after (follow-up) the diagnosis of first acute STEMI. Results: Significant changes in myocardial injury parameters were identified after 12 weeks of STEMI diagnosis. IS decreased from 23.59 ± 11.69% at baseline to 18.29 ± 8.32% at follow-up (p < 0.001). AAR and MVO also significantly reduced after 12 weeks. At baseline, there were reasonably moderate correlations between IS and LVEF (r = −0.479, p < 0.001), LV GLS (r = 0.441, p < 0.001) and LV GCS (r = 0.396, p = 0.001) as well as between AAR and LVEF (r = −0.430, p = 0.003), LV GLS (r = 0.501, p < 0.001) and weak with LV GCS (r = 0.342, p = 0.020). At follow-up, only MSI and change in LV GCS over time showed a weak but significant correlation (r = −0.347, p = 0.021). Patients with larger AAR at baseline improved more in LVEF (p = 0.019) and LV GLS (p = 0.020) but not in LV GCS. Conclusion: The CMR tissue characteristics of myocardial injury correlate with the magnitude of LV dysfunction during the acute stage of STEMI. AAR predicts improvement in LVEF and LV GLS, while MSI is a sensitive marker of LV GCS recovery at three months follow-up after STEMI.
Origin of interface limitation in CuInS$_2$ based solar cells
Creators: name: Sood, Mohit
name: Bombsch, Jakob
name: Lomuscio, Alberto
name: Shukla, Sudhanshu
name: Lomuscio, Alberto
name: Hartmann, Claudia
name: Frisch, Johannes
name: Bremsteller, Wolfgang
name: Ueda, Shigenori
name: Wilks, Regan G.
name: Bär, Marcus
name: Siebentritt, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Copper indium disulfide (CuInS$_2$) grown under Cu-rich conditions exhibits high optical quality but suffers predominantly from charge carrier interface recombination resulting in poor solar cell performance. An unfavorable cliff like conduction band alignment at the buffer/CuInS$_2$ interface could be a possible cause of enhanced interface recombination in the device. In this work, we exploit direct and inverse photoelectron spectroscopy together with electrical characterization to investigate the cause of interface recombination in Zn(O,S)/CuInS$_2$ devices. Temperature-dependent current-voltage analysis indeed reveal an activation energy of the dominant charge carrier recombination path, considerably smaller than the absorber bandgap, confirming the dominant recombination channel to be present at the Zn(O,S)/CuInS2 interface. However, photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate a small spike like conduction band offset of 0.1 eV at the Zn(O,S) CuInS$_2$ interface, excluding an unfavorable energy level alignment to be the prominent cause for strong interface recombination. The observed band bending upon interface formation also rules out Fermi level pinning as the main reason, leaving near-interface defects (as recently observed in Cu-rich CuInSe2)1 as the likely reason for the performance limiting interface recombination.
Diagnostic potential of the mid-infrared space interferometer LIFE for studying Earth analogs
Creators: name: Alei, Eleonora
name: Konrad, Björn
name: Rugheimer, Sarah
name: Mollière, Paul
name: Angerhausen, Daniel
name: Quanz, Sascha Patrick
name: LIFE Collaboration
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 54 (5)
description: ISSN:0002-7537
description: AASTCS 9: Exoplanets IV Abstracts
Safety and Healthcare Resource Utilization in Patients Undergoing Left Atrial Appendage Closure—A Nationwide Analysis
Creators: name: Thevathasan, Tharusan
name: Degbeon, Sêhnou
name: Paul, Julia
name: Wendelburg, Darius-Konstantin
name: Füreder, Lisa
name: Gaul, Anna Leonie
name: Scheitz, Jan F.
name: Stadler, Gertraud
name: Rroku, Andi
name: Lech, Sonia
name: Buspavanich, Pichit
name: Huemer, Martin
name: Attanasio, Philipp
name: Nagel, Patrick
name: Reinthaler, Markus
name: Landmesser, Ulf
name: Skurk, Carsten
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: left atrial appendage closure
subject: atrial fibrillation
subject: stroke
subject: bleeding
subject: sex difference
subject: epidemiology
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has emerged as a non-pharmacological alternative for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) not suitable for anticoagulation therapy. Real-world data on peri-procedural outcomes are limited. The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes of peri-procedural safety and healthcare resource utilization in 11,240 adult patients undergoing LAAC in the United States between 2016 and 2019. Primary outcomes (safety) were in-hospital ischemic stroke or systemic embolism (SE), pericardial effusion (PE), major bleeding, device embolization and mortality. Secondary outcomes (resource utilization) were adverse discharge disposition, hospital length of stay (LOS) and costs. Logistic and Poisson regression models were used to analyze outcomes by adjusting for 10 confounders. SE decreased by 97% between 2016 and 2019 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0-0.24] (p = 0.003), while a trend to lower numbers of other peri-procedural complications was determined. In-hospital mortality (0.14%) remained stable. Hospital LOS decreased by 17% (0.78-0.87, p < 0.001) and adverse discharge rate by 41% (95% CI 0.41-0.86, p = 0.005) between 2016 and 2019, while hospital costs did not significantly change (p = 0.2). Female patients had a higher risk of PE (OR 2.86 [95% CI 2.41-6.39]) and SE (OR 5.0 [95% CI 1.28-43.6]) while multi-morbid patients had higher risks of major bleeding (p < 0.001) and mortality (p = 0.031), longer hospital LOS (p < 0.001) and increased treatment costs (p = 0.073). Significant differences in all outcomes were observed between male and female patients across US regions. In conclusion, LAAC has become a safer and more efficient procedure. Significant sex differences existed across US regions. Careful considerations should be taken when performing LAAC in female and comorbid patients.
Maximal Regularity for Compressible Two-Fluid System
Creators: name: Piasecki, Tomasz
name: Zatorska, Ewelina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q30, 76N10

description: We investigate a compressible two-fluid Navier-Stokes type system with a single velocity field and algebraic closure for the pressure law. The constitutive relation involves densities of both fluids through an implicit function. We are interested in regular solutions in a $L_p-L_q$ maximal regularity setting. We show that such solutions exists locally in time and, under additional smallness assumptions on the initial data, also globally. Our proof rely on appropriate transformation of the original problem, application of Lagrangian coordinates and maximal regularity estimates for associated linear problem.
Aspergchromones A and B, two new polyketides from the marine sponge-associated fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO XWS03F03
Creators: name: Wang, Ying
name: Lin, Xiu-Ping
name: Zhi-Ran Ju
name: Liao, Xiao-Jian
name: Huang, Xiao-Jun
name: Zhang, Chen
name: Zhao, Bing-Xin
name: Xu, Shi-Hai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Two new polyketides, aspergchromones A (1) and B (2), together with five known compounds, secalonic acid D (3), noreugenin (4), (3S)-5-hydroxymellein (5), (4S)-6-hydroxyisosclerone (6), and (-)-regiolone (7), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of marine sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO XWS03F03. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic techniques (1D and 2D NMR, MS, UV, and IR). The absolute configurations of the new compounds were established by ECD calculations. Compound 3 showed moderate antimicrobial activity.
Combined copper and zinc deficiency is associated with reduced SARS-CoV-2 immunization response to BNT162b2 vaccination
Creators: name: Chillon, Thilo Samson
name: Demircan, Kamil
name: Hackler, Julian
name: Heller, Raban A.
name: Kaghazian, Peyman
name: Moghaddam, Arash
name: Schomburg, Lutz
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Trace elements
subject: Selenium
subject: COVID-19
subject: Ceruloplasmin
subject: Micronutrients
subject: Spurenelemente
subject: Selen
subject: Coeruloplasmin
subject: Mikronährstoffe
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The essential trace elements copper, selenium and zinc are of relevance for immunity and immune response to vaccination. In this longitudinal study, adult healthcare workers (n = 126) received two doses of an mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2), and longitudinal serum samples were prepared. Vaccine-induced antibodies and their neutralizing activity were analyzed, and the trace elements copper, zinc, and selenium along with the copper transporter ceruloplasmin were measured. Subjects with combined deficiency of copper and zinc, i.e. both in the lowest tertiles at baseline, displayed particularly low antibody titers at three (Double Q1: 13 AU/mL vs. not double Q1: 29 AU/mL) and six (Double Q1: 200 AU/mL vs. not double Q1: 425 AU/mL) weeks after vaccination (p < 0.05). The results indicate the potential importance of an adequate trace element status of copper and zinc for raising a strong vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, and highlights the importance of considering combined micronutrient insufficiencies, as single deficiencies may synergize.
Revisiting Coulomb diamond signatures in quantum Hall interferometers
Creators: name: Moreau, N.
name: Faniel, S.
name: Martins, F.
name: Desplanque, L.
name: Wallart, X.
name: Melinte, S.
name: Bayot, V.
name: Hackens, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coulomb diamonds are the archetypal signatures of Coulomb blockade, a well-known charging effect mainly observed in nanometer-sized "electronic islands" tunnel-coupled with charge reservoirs. Here, we identify apparent Coulomb diamond features in the scanning gate spectroscopy of a quantum point contact carved out of a semiconductor heterostructure, in the quantum Hall regime. Varying the scanning gate parameters and the magnetic field, the diamonds are found to smoothly evolve to checkerboard patterns. To explain this surprising behavior, we put forward a model which relies on the presence of a nanometer-sized Fabry-Pérot quantum Hall interferometer at the center of the constriction with tunable tunneling paths coupling the central part of the interferometer to the quantum Hall channels running along the device edges. Both types of signatures, diamonds and checkerboards, and the observed transition, are reproduced by simply varying the interferometer size and the transmission probabilities at the tunneling paths. The new proposed interpretation of diamond phenomenology will likely lead to revisit previous data, and opens the way towards engineering more complex interferometric devices with nanoscale dimensions.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Phase field models for thermal fracturing and their variational structures
Creators: name: Alfat, S.
name: Kimura, M.
name: M, Alifian. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is often observed that thermal stress enhances crack propagation in materials, and conversely, crack propagation can contribute to temperature shifts in materials. In this study, we first consider the thermoelasticity model proposed by M. A. Biot (1956) and study its energy dissipation property. The Biot thermoelasticity model takes into account the following effects. Thermal expansion and contraction are caused by temperature changes, and conversely, temperatures decrease in expanding areas but increase in contracting areas. In addition, we examine its thermomechanical properties through several numerical examples and observe that the stress near a singular point is enhanced by the thermoelastic effect. In the second part, we propose two crack propagation models under thermal stress by coupling a phase field model for crack propagation and the Biot thermoelasticity model and show their variational structures. In our numerical experiments, we investigate how thermal coupling affects the crack speed and shape. In particular, we observe that the lowest temperature appears near the crack tip, and the crack propagation is accelerated by the enhanced thermal stress.
Graph-Theoretic Approach to Quantum Error Correction
Creators: name: Vandermolen, Robert
name: Wright, Duncan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate a novel class of quantum error correcting codes to correct errors on both qubits and higher-state quantum systems represented as qudits. These codes arise from an original graph-theoretic representation of sets of quantum errors. In this new framework, we represent the algebraic conditions for error correction in terms of edge avoidance between graphs providing a visual representation of the interplay between errors and error correcting codes. Most importantly, this framework supports the development of quantum codes that correct against a predetermined set of errors, in contrast to current methods. A heuristic algorithm is presented, providing steps to develop codes that correct against an arbitrary noisy channel. We benchmark the correction capability of reflexive stabilizer codes for the case of single qubit errors by comparison to existing stabilizer codes that are widely used. In addition, we present two instances of optimal encodings: an optimal encoding for fully correlated noise which achieves a higher encoding rate than previously known, and a minimal encoding for single qudit errors on a four-state system.
description: 11 pages
The JWST Early Release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems II: A 1 to 20 Micron Spectrum of the Planetary-Mass Companion VHS 1256-1257 b
Creators: name: Miles, Brittany
name: Biller, Beth A.
name: Patapis, Polychronis
name: Rickman, Emily
name: Hoch, Kielan K.W.
name: Skemer, Andrew
name: Perrin, Marshall D.
name: Whiteford, Niall
name: Chen, Christine H.
name: Mukherjee, Sagnick
name: Morley, Caroline V.
name: Moran, Sarah E.
name: Bonnefoy, Mickaël
name: Petrus, Simon
name: Carter, Aarynn L.
name: Choquet, Élodie
name: Hinkley, Sasha
name: Ward-Duong, Kimberly
name: Leisenring, Jarron M.
name: Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: Bulletin of the AAS, 55 (2)
description: AAS241 Abstracts
Zero-order-free complex beam shaping
Creators: name: Liang, Yansheng
name: Yun, Xue
name: He, Minru
name: Wang, Zhaojun
name: Lei, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unwanted zero-order diffraction is still an issue in beam shaping using pixelated spatial light modulators. In this paper, we report a new approach for zero-order free beam shaping by designing an asymmetric triangle reflector and introducing a digital blazed grating and a digital lens to the phase hologram addressed onto the spatial light modulator. By adding the digital lens phase to the previously reported complex-amplitude coding algorithms, we realized the generation of complex beams without the burden of zero-order diffraction. We comparatively investigated the produced complex light fields using the modified complex-amplitude coding algorithms to validate the proposed method.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Gravitational wave surrogates through automated machine learning
Creators: name: Barsotti, Damián
name: Cerino, Franco
name: Tiglio, Manuel
name: Villanueva, Aarón
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We analyze a prospect for predicting gravitational waveforms from compact binaries based on automated machine learning (AutoML) from around a hundred different possible regression models, without having to resort to tedious and manual case-by-case analyses and fine-tuning. The particular study of this article is within the context of the gravitational waves emitted by the collision of two spinless black holes in initial quasi-circular orbit. We find, for example, that approaches such as Gaussian process regression with radial bases as kernels do provide a sufficiently accurate solution, an approach which is generalizable to multiple dimensions with low computational evaluation cost. The results here presented suggest that AutoML might provide a framework for regression in the field of surrogates for gravitational waveforms. Our study is within the context of surrogates of numerical relativity simulations based on Reduced Basis and the Empirical Interpolation Method, where we find that for the particular case analyzed AutoML can produce surrogates which are essentially indistinguishable from the NR simulations themselves.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
The interior diversity of terrestrial-type exoplanets: constrained with devolatilized stellar abundances and mass-radius measurements
Creators: name: Wang, Haiyang
name: Quanz, Sascha Patrick
name: Yong, David
name: Liu, Fan
name: Seidler, Fabian
name: Acuna, Lorena
name: Mojzsis, Stephen
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: A major goal in the discovery and characterization of exoplanets is to identify terrestrial-type worlds that are similar to (or otherwise distinct from) our Earth. The combination of mass-radius measurements and host stellar abundances has been proposed to constrain the interiors of small (rocky) exoplanets. In this work, we advocate the importance of using devolatilized stellar abundances, instead of uncorrected stellar abundances, to further reduce degeneracies in modelling the interiors of rocky exoplanets. We apply an empirical devolatilization model to a selected sample of 13 planet-hosting Sun-like stars, for which high-precision photospheric abundances have been available. With the resultant devolatilized stellar composition (i.e. the model planetary bulk composition), as well as other constraints including mass and radius, we model the detailed mineralogy and interior structure of hypothetical, habitable-zone terrestrial planets (‘exo-Earths’) around these stars. Model output shows that most of these exo-Earths are expected to have broadly Earth-like composition and interior structure, consistent with conclusions derived independently from analysis of polluted white dwarfs. Investigating the empirical devolatilization model at its extremes as well as varying planetary mass and radius (within the terrestrial regime) reveals potential diversities in the interiors of terrestrial planets. By considering (i) high-precision stellar abundances, (ii) devolatilization, and (iii) planetary mass and radius holistically, this work represents essential steps to explore the detailed mineralogy and interior structure of terrestrial-type exoplanets, which in turn are fundamental for a quantitative understanding of planetary long-term evolution including the interior-atmosphere interactions.
description: EPSC Abstracts, 16
Comparison of machine-learning-based predictions of Earth orientation parameters using different input data
Creators: name: Soja, Benedikt
name: Kiani Shahvandi, Mostafa
name: Schartner, Matthias
name: Gou, Junyang
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: Earth orientation parameters (EOP) are needed for precise navigation on Earth and in space and to connect the terrestrial to the celestial reference frame, and for several real-time applications. EOP are typically determined from the observations of different space-geodetic techniques. In order to overcome latencies in the processing and combination of these observations, accurate predictions of EOP are essential. To improve the modeling and prediction of EOP, effective angular momentum (EAM) functions, covering the domains of the atmosphere, ocean, and land hydrology, are typically incorporated to achieve the best performance. 

The Space Geodesy group at ETH Zurich provides operational predictions of EOP and EAM via its Geodetic Prediction Center (GPC; https://gpc.ethz.ch). We have developed machine learning approaches to predict EOP over different time horizons based on existing EOP and EAM times series provided by other institutions. 

In this contribution, we analyze the quality of our operational predictions with a focus on comparing the results based on different input time series. In particular, we use different rapid EOP products (IERS, SYRTE, and JPL) and EAM forecasts (GFZ and ETH). In terms of EAM, we study the impact of using only atmospheric angular momentum compared to the sum of all different EAM components. Preliminary findings indicate that rapid EOP data from SYRTE or JPL in combination with a full set of EAM functions leads to the best accuracy when considering IERS final products as reference.
Prospects of Nanoparticle-based Radioenhancement for Radiotherapy
Creators: name: Gerken, Lukas
name: Gerdes, Maren
name: Pruschy, Martin
name: Herrmann, Inge
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Radiosensitization
Ionizing radiation
Nanomedicine
Nanoparticles
Mechanisms

description: Radiotherapy is a key pillar of solid cancer treatment. Despite high level of conformal dose deposition, radiotherapy is limited due to co-irradiation of organs-at risk and subsequent normal tissue toxicities. Nanotechnology offers an attractive opportunity for increasing the efficacy and safety of cancer radiotherapy. Leveraging the freedom of design and the growing synthetic capabilities of the nanomaterial-community, a variety of engineered nanomaterials have been designed and investigated as radiosensitizers or radioenhancers. While research so far has been primarily focused on gold nanoparticles and other high atomic number materials to increase the absorption cross section of tumor tissue, recent studies are challenging the traditional concept of high-Z nanoparticle radioenhancers and highlight the importance of catalytic activity. This review provides a concise overview on the fundamental knowledge of nanoparticle radioenhancement mechanisms and their quantification. It critically discusses potential radioenhancer candidate materials and general design criteria for different radiation therapy modalities, and concludes with research priorities in order to advance the development of nanomaterials, to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy and to increase at the same time the therapeutic window.
description: ChemRxiv
description: ISSN:2573-2293
Metabolic investigation of nitrogen fixation in the free-living plant associative bacteria, Klebsiella oxytoca
Creators: name: Carey, Matthew Robert
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Biologically available nitrogen is among the most limiting factors to crop growth. Currently this is overcome by the widespread use of inorganic fertilisers supplemented with ammonium, which comes at a great environmental cost. Biological nitrogen fixation, the conversion of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonium by specialist microorganisms, can reduce reliance on this fertiliser and the impact on the climate. Here, the nitrogen fixing bacteria Klebsiella oxytoca is used as a model organism to investigate nitrogen fixation and its effect on global cell metabolism. In the third chapter of this thesis, a series of sampling and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods were tested to investigate how to accurately assess the metabolic state of K. oxytoca under nitrogen fixing conditions. In Chapter 4 K. oxytoca were cultured under fixing and non-fixing conditions and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis was carried out on the supernatant. The results showed butan-2-3-diol, a metabolite known to improve draught resistance in plants, was released by cells fixing nitrogen. In Chapter 5, analysis of K. oxytoca batch cultures using the methods developed in Chapter 3 revealed distinct intracellular metabolic profiles for nitrogen fixing and non-fixing cells. Recent work has shown that some species of nitrogen fixing bacteria can form biofilms and fix nitrogen in air. To the best of the authors knowledge, the work in Chapter 6 is the first reporting of K. oxytoca biofilms fixing nitrogen in air. Targeted LC-MS analysis found the metabolic profiles of these biofilms varied over time and between nitrogen fixing and non-fixing biofilms. Collectively, the results presented in this thesis provide insights into the profound impact nitrogen fixation has on global cell metabolism in K. oxytoca. The results can be utilised to improve biotechnological solutions to the nitrogen crisis, helping to reduce the environmental impact of agricultural practices as we expand food production.
Predicting Indian Supreme Court Judgments, Decisions, Or Appeals
Creators: name: Sharma, Sugam
name: Shandilya, Ritu
name: Sharma, Swadesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Legal predictive models are of enormous interest and value to legal community. The stakeholders, specially, the judges and attorneys can take the best advantages of these models to predict the case outcomes to further augment their future course of actions, for example speeding up the decision making, support the arguments, strengthening the defense, etc. However, accurately predicting the legal decisions and case outcomes is an arduous process, which involves several complex steps -- finding suitable bulk case documents, data extracting, cleansing and engineering, etc. Additionally, the legal complexity further adds to its intricacies. In this paper, we introduce our newly developed ML-enabled legal prediction model and its operational prototype, eLegPredict; which successfully predicts the Indian supreme court decisions. The eLegPredict is trained and tested over 3072 supreme court cases and has achieved 76% accuracy (F1-score). The eLegPredict is equipped with a mechanism to aid end users, where as soon as a document with new case description is dropped into a designated directory, the system quickly reads through its content and generates prediction. To our best understanding, eLegPredict is the first legal prediction model to predict Indian supreme court decisions.