cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Angular Power Spectrum in Modular Invariant Inflation Model
Creators: name: Hayashi, Mitsuo J.
name: Hirai, Shiro
name: Takami, Tomoyuki
name: Okame, Yusuke
name: Takagi, Kenji
name: Watanabe, Tomoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scalar potential of inflation, motivated by modular invariant supergravity, and compute the angular power spectra of the adiabatic density perturbations that result from this model. The potential consists of three scalar fields, S, Y and T, together with two free parameters. By fitting the parameters to cosmological data at the fixed point T=1, we find that the potential behaves like the single-field potential of S, which slowly rolls down along the minimized trajectory in Y. We further show that the inflation predictions corresponding to this potential provide a good fit to the recent three-year WMAP data, e.g. the spectral index n_s = 0.951. The TT and TE angular power spectra obtained from our model almost completely coincide with the corresponding results obtained from the \LambdaCDM model. We conclude that our model is considered to be an adequate theory of inflation that explains the present data, although the theoretical basis of this model should be further explicated.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures and 1 table
Additional file 3 of MRI-assessed diaphragmatic function can predict frequent acute exacerbation of COPD: a prospective observational study based on telehealth-based monitoring system
Creators: name: Wei, Shuoshuo
name: Lu, Rong
name: Zhang, Zhengping
name: Wang, Faxuan
name: Tan, Hai
name: Wang, Xiaohong
name: Ma, Jinlan
name: Zhang, Yating
name: Deng, Ning
name: Chen, Juan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Receiver operating characteristic curves of diaphragm function indices predicting the frequency of AECOPD
Development and testing of an idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patient reported outcome measure (PROM)
Creators: name: Russell, Anne-Marie
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) experience debilitating symptoms which impact their health-related-quality-of-life (HQOL). Treatment options are limited but new approaches are being explored; a robust endpoint model that includes a patient reported outcome measure (PROM) to determine the impact of new treatments on patients’ symptom experience and HQOL in IPF populations is needed. The IPF-PROM study employed a mixed-methods approach, incorporating qualitative and consensus methodologies, embedding patient-centredness throughout. This enabled a robust approach to the generation of candidate items for the IPF-PROM. Twenty-nine patients (60% male, mean age 70 years) participated in focus groups at recruiting centres. IPF clinical experts (n=12) rank-ordered potential IPF-PROM domains in a Nominal Group exercise. Four hundred and twenty-five patients, nineteen caregivers and twenty-nine clinicians completed a Delphi Survey. The application of a psychometric model further reduced the items, resulting in a four domain, twelve-item IPF-PROM. Internal reliability and test-retest reliability were assessed. Eighty-five patients (82% male, mean age 75 years) completed the IPF-PROM twice, approximately three weeks apart. IPF-PROM domains (D) and overall score achieved the following intra-class correlation co-efficient: D1 0.835 (p=0.209); D2 0.895 (p=0.150); D3 0.813 (p=0.786) D4 0.863 (p=0.761); total 0.92 (p 0.784) indicating high test-retest reliability. Sixty patients completed a twelve month validation study; the IPF-PROM correlated strongly with SQRQ; mMRC; EQ-5D-5L and moderately with forced vital capacity. The validation study confirmed that the IPF-PROM is reliable and valid for use in this well characterised IPF population. Longitudinal follow-up of patients with IPF is challenging due to the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition; further studies will explore the validity and sensitivity of the IPF-PROM in different IPF populations.
Ensemble averaged coherent state path integral for disordered bosons with a repulsive interaction (Derivation of mean field equations)
Creators: name: Mieck, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider bosonic atoms with a repulsive contact interaction in a trap potential for a Bose-Einstein condensation and additionally include a random potential. The ensemble averages for two models of static and dynamic disorder are performed and investigated in parallel. The bosonic many body systems of the two disorder models are represented by coherent state path integrals on the Keldysh time contour which allow exact ensemble averages for zero and finite temperatures. These ensemble averages of coherent state path integrals therefore present alternatives to replica field theories or supersymmetric averaging techniques.
The biology and roles of lipid droplets in regulating pluripotent stem cell biology and metabolism
Creators: name: Karimlou, Donja
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles, which have long been ignored as passive aggregates of lipids. However, recent research firmly established LDs as dynamic structures, actively regulating energy storage and generating signalling molecules. Concomitant with unfolding the regulatory mechanisms of LDs, including the identification of LD-associated proteins, their functional importance is increasingly being recognised in various pathologies such as metabolic diseases and cancer. Early embryogenesis is a tightly orchestrated process, often investigated through in vitro models, such as pluripotent stem cells. Interestingly, dynamic LD enlargement and lipid storage was found to operate in in vivo and blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The overall objective of this PhD research project is to specifically investigate the biology and roles of LDs in regulating pluripotent stem cell biology and metabolism. Here, we demonstrate an essential role for LD-associated protein Cidea in promoting LD enlargement in ESCs using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. In vivo, we observe that Cidea expression peaks at the morula-blastocyst transition consistent with the formation of enlarged LDs throughout the embryo. Yet these are mobilised in the pluripotent (epiblast) compartment at the onset of implantation, pointing to enhanced, tissue-specific lipid usage during this key developmental step. Using ESC models, we recognize a possible role for Cidea during the morphogenesis events accompanying epiblast maturation post-implantation. From a metabolic perspective, we find that enforced Cidea expression and LD enlargement correlate with enhanced oxygen consumption and TCA cycle activity with unchanged anaerobic glycolytic capacity. The functional significance of these alterations is further investigated using self-renewing, ESC clonal populations that harbour different LD morphologies, gene expression patterns and metabolic capacities. Integrating RNA-sequencing data, GC-MS and Seahorse-based experiments, we propose that ESCs might transiently enhance their oxidative status to sustain the energy-demanding process of lipid synthesis taking place at the exit of ESC pluripotency.
Additional file 3 of Comparative analyses of three complete Primula mitogenomes with insights into mitogenome size variation in Ericales
Creators: name: Wei, Lei
name: Liu, Tong-Jian
name: Hao, Gang
name: Ge, Xue-Jun
name: Yan, Hai-Fei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: FigureS3. The inferred secondary structure of the ccmFc gene among the Ericales mitogenomes. Primula contains three Primula mitogenomes; Actinidia contains two kiwifruit mitogenomes.
Clustering of solutions in hard satisfiability problems
Creators: name: Ardelius, John
name: Aurell, Erik
name: Krishnamurthy, Supriya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure of the solution space and behavior of local search methods on random 3-SAT problems close to the SAT/UNSAT transition. Using the overlap measure of similarity between different solutions found on the same problem instance we show that the solution space is shrinking as a function of alpha. We consider chains of satisfiability problems, where clauses are added sequentially. In each such chain, the overlap distribution is first smooth, and then develops a tiered structure, indicating that the solutions are found in well separated clusters. On chains of not too large instances, all solutions are eventually observed to be in only one small cluster before vanishing. This condensation transition point is estimated to be alpha_c = 4.26. The transition approximately obeys finite-size scaling with an apparent critical exponent of about 1.7. We compare the solutions found by a local heuristic, ASAT, and the Survey Propagation algorithm up to alpha_c.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Enhanced dispersion interaction between quasi-one dimensional conducting collinear structures
Creators: name: White, Angela
name: Dobson, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent investigations have highlighted the failure of a sum of $R^{-6}$ terms to represent the dispersion interaction in parallel metallic, anisotropic, linear or planar nanostructures [J. F. Dobson, A. White, and A. Rubio, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 073201 (2006) and references therein]. By applying a simple coupled plasmon approach and using electron hydrodynamics, we numerically evaluate the dispersion (non-contact van der Waals) interaction between two conducting wires in a collinear pointing configuration. This case is compared to that of two insulating wires in an identical geometry, where the dispersion interaction is modelled both within a pairwise summation framework, and by adding a pinning potential to our theory leading to a standard oscillator-type model of insulating dielectric behavior. Our results provide a further example of enhanced dispersion interaction between two conducting nanosystems compared to the case of two insulating ones. Unlike our previous work, this calculation explores a region of relatively close coupling where, although the electronic clouds do not overlap, we are still far from the asymptotic region where a single power law describes the dispersion energy. We find that strong differences in dispersion attraction between metallic and semiconducting / insulating cases persist into this non-asymptotic region. While our theory will need to be supplemented with additional short-ranged terms when the electronic clouds overlap, it does not suffer from the short-distance divergence exhibited by purely asymptotic theories, and gives a natural saturation of the dispersion energy as the wires come into contact.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Added new extended numerical calculations, new figures, extra references and heavily revised text
Multiplicity Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
Creators: name: Wozniak, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the PHOBOS experiment, charged particles are measured in almost the full solid angle. This enables the study of fluctuations and correlations in the particle production over a very wide kinematic range. In this paper, we show results of a direct search for fluctuations identified by an unusual shape of the pseudorapidity distribution. In addition, we use analysis of correlations of the multiplicity in similar pseudorapidity bins, placed symmetrically in the forward and backward hemispheres, to test the hypothesis of production of particles in clusters.
description: presented as a poster at the Quark Matter 2006 conference
Ecological differences between the isomorphic phases of Mazzaella lilacina (Rhodophyta, Gigartinaceae)
Creators: name: Phillips, Brent
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Some of the potential factors responsible for the observed increase in the proportion of tetrasporophytes in wave exposed populations of Mazzaella lilacina (Postels et Ruprecht) Leister have been examined. By counting the number of spores per reproductive structure tetrasporophytes were found to hold significantly more spores than gametophytes in August, 1990. Only slightly more tetraspores than carposspores were found at other sampling time (p=0.127 and 0.637). As expected, based on the production of spores, the proportion of gametophytes among recruits into intertidal clearings was high , although not as high in the exposed site as was expected based on the proportion of reproductive tetrasporophytes in the population at the time the clearings were made suggesting that tetrasporophyte recruitment is somehow favoured. The opposite was observed in the sheltered site suggesting that gametophyte recruitment is favoured in that site. Monitoring of blades following recruitment showed a slight trend towards a decreasing proportion of gametophytes in the exposed site and an increasing proportion of gametophytes in the sheltered site, suggesting that the mortality of on phase was higher than the other in each site. Finally, thalli of M^ lilacina were pulled and broken in the field . Force to break and surface area data was used to generate curves showing the proportion of each phase which would be broken with water moving at velocities from 0 to 20 m/s. Gametophyte blades longer than 15cm in the exposed site were significantly more susceptible to removal by moving water than were tetrasporophyte blades.
Scaling up DNA digital data storage by efficiently predicting DNA hybridisation using deep learning
Creators: name: Buterez, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has shown great promise in enabling computational applications, most notably in the fields of DNA digital data storage and DNA computing. Information is encoded as DNA strands, which will naturally bind in solution, thus enabling search and pattern-matching capabilities. Being able to control and predict the process of DNA hybridisation is crucial for the ambitious future of Hybrid Molecular-Electronic Computing. Current tools are, however, limited in terms of throughput and applicability to large-scale problems. We present the first comprehensive study of machine learning methods applied to the task of predicting DNA hybridisation. For this purpose, we introduce an in silico-generated hybridisation dataset of over 2.5 million data points, enabling the use of deep learning. Depending on hardware, we achieve a reduction in inference time ranging from one to over two orders of magnitude compared to the state-of-the-art, while retaining high fidelity. We then discuss the integration of our methods in modern, scalable workflows.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures (including 13 pages of supplementary information and 2 supplementary figures)
On the space of metrics with invertible Dirac operator
Creators: name: Dahl, Mattias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C27, 57R65, 58J05, 58J50

description: On a compact spin manifold we study the space of Riemannian metrics for which the Dirac operator is invertible. The first main result is a surgery theorem stating that such a metric can be extended over the trace of a surgery of codimension at least three. We then prove that if non-empty the space of metrics with invertible Dirac operators is disconnected in dimensions $n \equiv 0,1,3,7 \mod 8$, $n \geq 5$. As a corollary follows results on the existence of metrics with harmonic spinors by Hitchin and Bär. Finally we use computations of the eta invariant by Botvinnik and Gilkey to find metrics with harmonic spinors on simply connected manifolds with a cyclic group action. In particular this applies to spheres of all dimensions $n \geq 5$.
Additional file 1 of MRI-assessed diaphragmatic function can predict frequent acute exacerbation of COPD: a prospective observational study based on telehealth-based monitoring system
Creators: name: Wei, Shuoshuo
name: Lu, Rong
name: Zhang, Zhengping
name: Wang, Faxuan
name: Tan, Hai
name: Wang, Xiaohong
name: Ma, Jinlan
name: Zhang, Yating
name: Deng, Ning
name: Chen, Juan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. COPD patients clinical and diaphragm function parameters
Το Ωραίο, το κριτήριο του Ωραίου και η Τέχνη στον David Hume: συνθετική και κριτική προσέγγιση μιας πολύπτυχης Αισθητικής:
Creators: name: Χρυσικάκη, Δάφνη Παναγιώτη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: Χιουμ
Ωραίο
Τέχνη
Hume
Beauty
Art

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας μεταπτυχιακής διατριβής ήταν η ανάδειξη του πολυδιάστατου χαρακτήρα της Αισθητικής του Βρετανού εμπειριστή φιλοσόφου David Hume, με εστίαση σε τρεις θεματικούς άξονες : Ωραίο, Γούστο, Τέχνη. Πρώτιστα εκθέσαμε το γνωσιοθεωρητικό υπόβαθρο της θεώρησης του Ωραίου και καταδείξαμε τους συνδετικούς κρίκους ανάμεσα στη Γνωσιολογία και την Αισθητική του φιλοσόφου. Κατόπιν παρουσιάσαμε το ιστορικό πλαίσιο στο οποίο γεννήθηκε και παγιώθηκε η θεωρία του για το Ωραίο και την Τέχνη. Ακολούθως, εξετάσαμε την έννοια του Ωραίου μέσα από τα σχετικά κείμενα του ίδιου του Hume, αλλά και υπό το πρίσμα της κριτικής προσέγγισης των διαφόρων μελετητών του. Κατά τον ίδιο τρόπο εξετάσαμε το ζήτημα της κρίσης (αξιολόγησης) και του κριτηρίου του Ωραίου (Γούστο). Ακόμη, παρουσιάσαμε συνοπτικά τη θεωρία του Hume για τη γένεση και εξέλιξη της Τέχνης. Τέλος, αναφερθήκαμε στις αρχές και στη μέθοδο που ο φιλόσοφος υιοθετεί κατά την εξέταση των αισθητικών θεμάτων.
description: The aim of the present thesis was the presentation of the multidimensional character of Aesthetics of the British empiricist philosopher David Hume, by focusing on three thematic pivots: Beauty, Taste, Art. In the first place we exposed the cognitive background of the consideration of Beauty and we showed the connective links between Theory of Knowledge and Aesthetics of the philosopher. Then we presented the historical context where his theory was born and consolidated. Afterwards, we examined the concept of Beauty through the related scripts of Hume himself and also through the critical judgement of his various researches. In the same way, we examined the topic of judgement (evaluation) and standard of Beauty (Taste). Furthermore, we presented compendiously Hume’s theory about origin and evolution of Art. Finally, we referred to the principles and method which the philosopher adopts at the examination of aesthetic topics.
Spherically Symmetric Accretion Flows: Minimal Model with MHD Turbulence
Creators: name: Shcherbakov, Roman V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first spherical accretion model was developed 55 years ago, but the theory is yet far from being complete. The real accretion flow was found to be time-dependent and turbulent. This paper presents the minimal MHD spherical accretion model that separately deals with turbulence. Treatment of turbulence is based on simulations of several regimes of collisional MHD. The effects of freezing-in amplification, dissipation, dynamo action, isotropization, and constant magnetic helicity are self-consistently included. The assumptions of equipartition and magnetic field isotropy are released. Correct dynamics of magnetized flow is calculated. Diffusion, convection, and radiation are not accounted for. Two different types of Radiatively Inefficient accretion flows are found: a transonic non-rotating flow (I), a flow with effective transport of angular momentum outward (II). Non-rotating flow has an accretion rate several times smaller than Bondi rate, because turbulence inhibits accretion. Flow with angular momentum transport has accretion rate about 10-100 times smaller than Bondi rate. The effects of highly helical turbulence, states of outer magnetization, and different equations of state are discussed. The flows were found to be convectively stable on average, despite gas entropy increases inward. The proposed model has a small number of free parameters and the following attractive property. Inner density in the non-rotating magnetized flow was found to be several times lower than density in a non-magnetized accretion. Still several times lower density is required to explain the observed low IR luminosity and low Faraday rotation measure of accretion onto Sgr A*.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJS. 52 pages, 7 figures
Measurement of the surface energy of raw and lubricated lactose powders by inverse gas chromatography
Creators: name: Xu, Jiteng
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2019

description: Engineers and pharmacists have shown that in particle processing operations such as milling, granulation, crystallization and powder mixing, the surface energy of the starting, intermediate or final products is a key factor to understand the outcome of the operation and the final product performance. Since its establishment in the 1940s, inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is a powerful, sensitive and relatively fast technique for characterizing the surface properties of pharmaceutical powders. The feasibility of using IGC to investigate changes in surface energy of pharmaceutical powders depending on particle size of the powder and on the magnitude of shear strain applied to a pharmaceutical blend is considered in this thesis. Two powder materials, an excipient and a lubricant, are used. The excipient is lactose monohydrate powder sieved to obtain particles in the following size ranges: 38-45, 45-53, 53-63, 63-75, 75-90, and 90-106µm. The lubricant is magnesium stearate (MgSt). The blends were mixed using a V-blender and a controlled amount of mechanical shear strain was applied to the blend by using an ad-hoc modified Couette shear cell. It was found that the surface energy of lactose has no significant dependence on particle size. We also show that there is a measurable reduction in the dispersive energy of lactose-MgSt blends.
Measurement of EPR-type flavour entanglement in Upsilon(4S)->B0 B0bar decays
Creators: name: Go, A.
name: Bay, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutral B-meson pair produced at the Upsilon(4S) should exhibit a non-local correlation of the type discussed by Einstein, Podolski, and Rosen (EPR). We measure this correlation using the time-dependent flavour asymmetry of semileptonic B0 decays, which we compare with predictions from quantum mechanics and two local realistic models. The data are consistent with quantum mechanics, and inconsistent with the other models. Assuming that some B pairs disentangle to produce B0 and B0bar with definite flavour, we find a decoherent fraction of 0.029+-057, consistent with no decoherence.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Pseudogap isotope effect as a probe of bipolaron mechanism in high temperature superconductors
Creators: name: Lakhno, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory of a pseudogap phase of high-temperature superconductors where current carriers are translation invariant bipolarons is developed. A temperature T* of a transition from a pseudogap phase to a normal one is calculated. For the temperature of a transition to the pseudogap phase, the isotope coefficient is found. It is shown that the results obtained, in particular, the possibility of negative values of the isotope coefficient are consistent with the experiment. New experiments on the influence of the magnetic field on the isotope coefficient are proposed.
description: Slightly edited and enhanced version. Published in Materials. 8 pages, 2 figures
Dynamics of active membranes with internal noise
Creators: name: Lacoste, D.
name: Lau, A. W. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the time-dependent height fluctuations of an active membrane containing energy-dissipating pumps that drive the membrane out of equilibrium. Unlike previous investigations based on models that neglect either curvature couplings or random fluctuations in pump activities, our formulation explores two new models that take both of these effects into account. In the first model, the magnitude of the nonequilibrium forces generated by the pumps is allowed to fluctuate temporally. In the second model, the pumps are allowed to switch between "on" and "off" states. We compute the mean squared displacement of a membrane point for both models, and show that they exhibit distinct dynamical behaviors from previous models, and in particular, a superdiffusive regime specifically arising from the shot noise.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
title: Comprehensive Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7T
title: Comprehensive Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetresonanztomographie Bildgebung bei 7T
Creators: name: Fabian, Moritz
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: MRI
subject: CEST
subject: brain tumor
subject: multiple sclerosis

description: Purpose: Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a MR imaging method providing molecular image contrasts based on indirect detection of low concentrated solutes. Previous CEST studies focus predominantly on the imaging of single CEST exchange regimes, e.g. slow, intermediate or fast exchanging groups. In this work, the aim is to establish a so called comprehensive CEST protocol for 7T, covering the different exchange regimes by three saturation B1 amplitude regimes. Methods: Results of previous publications and own simulations in pulseq-CEST were used to come up with a 7T CEST protocol, that has sensitivity to these three B1 regimes. With post-processing optimization (WASABI B0-fitting, MIMOSA B1 correction), neural network employment (deepCEST) and analytic input feature reduction, the initial 40 minutes protocol was shortened to 15 minutes. It generates 6 CEST contrast maps simultaneously. With this protocol, healthy subjects as well as patients with cerebral diseases were measured after written informed consent and approval of the local ethics comittee. Results: A comprehensive CEST protocol for clinical 7T MRI, covering three different B1 amplitude regimes, was established and applied in a clinical setting. The acquisition time was significantly by more than 50% reduced, while still maintaining decent image quality and contrast in healthy subjects and patients. Data of different high-grade tumor patients showed CEST signal changes beyond areas, where clinical imaging would outline the tumor area. Conclusion: Comprehensive 7T CEST paves the way for comprehensive CEST studies in clinical scan times for hypothesis generation regarding molecular properties of certain pathologies, e.g. ischemic stroke, relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis or high-grade brain tumors.
Experimental verification of minima in excited long-range Rydberg states of Rb_2
Creators: name: Greene, Chris H.
name: Hamilton, Edward L.
name: Crowell, Heather
name: Vadla, Cedomil
name: Niemax, Kay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent theoretical studies with alkali atoms A$^{\ast}$ excited to high Rydberg states predicted the existence of ultra long-range molecular bound states. Such excited dimers have large electric dipole moments which, in combination with their long radiative lifetimes, make them excellent candidates for manipulation in applications. This letter reports on experimental investigations of the self-broadening of Rb principal series lines, which revealed multiple satellites in the line wings. The positions of the satellites agree quantitatively with theoretically-predicted minima in the excited long-range Rydberg states of Rb$_2$.
description: 3 figures, 5 pages in two-column format
An Improved and Physically-Motivated Scheme for Matching Galaxies with Dark Matter Halos
Creators: name: Tonnesen, Stephanie
name: Ostriker, Jeremiah P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simplest scheme for predicting real galaxy properties after performing a dark matter simulation is to rank order the real systems by stellar mass and the simulated systems by halo mass and then simply assume monotonicity - that the more massive halos host the more massive galaxies. This has had some success, but we study here if a better motivated and more accurate matching scheme is easily constructed by looking carefully at how well one could predict the simulated IllustrisTNG galaxy sample from its dark matter computations. We find that using the dark matter rotation curve peak velocity, $v_{max}$, for normal galaxies reduces the error of the prediction by 30% (18% for central galaxies and 60% for satellite systems) - following expectations from the physics of monolithic collapse. For massive systems with halo mass $>$ 10$^{12.5}$ M$_{\odot}$ hierarchical merger driven formation is the better model and dark matter halo mass remains the best single metric. Using a new single variable that combines these effects, $ϕ$ $=$ $v_{max}$/$v_{max,12.7}$ + M$_{peak}$/(10$^{12.7}$ M$_{\odot}$) allows further improvement and reduces the error, as compared to ranking by dark matter mass at $z=0$ by another 6% from $v_{max}$ ranking. Two parameter fits -- including environmental effects produce only minimal further impact.
Metal-free dipolar cycloaddition reactions for sustainable nitrogen-containing heterocycles
Creators: name: Sebest, Filip
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: 1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions are invaluable reactions that offer a convenient synthetic route for the preparation of a large variety of heterocycles. Their main advantages include convergence, high atom economy and great versatility. While the formation of triazoles via the azide–alkyne cycloaddition has been extensively studied, an analogous azide–alkene cycloaddition that produces triazolines has received relatively little attention. This phenomenon can be explained by the typically high thermal instability of the latter class of compounds under the reaction conditions that they are generated in. However, triazolines are promising biologically active heterocycles that serve as useful synthons in organic chemistry and developing an accessible methodology for their formation would be highly desirable. Cleaner, safer and more sustainable processes are becoming very important and therefore we investigated the use of deep eutectic solvents for this transformation. Such solvents are made of two or three inexpensive components that produce benign mixtures with interesting physico-chemical properties. In addition, they are water-soluble, biodegradable and recyclable which is making their use in organic synthesis increasingly popular. This thesis describes the multi-gram preparation of a wide range of triazolines via the azide–alkene cycloaddition in a deep eutectic solvent. Moreover, formation of other useful heterocyclic motifs such as aziridines, pyrazolines, pyrrolines and triazoles is also reported. Chapter 1 is an introductory chapter and provides a general overview of 1,3-dipolar cyclo-additions and traditional methods for the preparation of triazolines and aziridines. It also discusses the reactivity of triazolines and characteristic properties of deep eutectic solvents. Chapter 2 then focuses on the optimisation of reaction conditions of the azide–alkene cycloaddition in a deep eutectic solvent and explores the scope with a range of azides, alkenes and dienes. Later sections of this chapter outline how triazolines can be employed as synthons to generate 1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted triazoles, and the synthesis and reactivity of 1,4-disubstituted triazolines to form pyrazolines and aziridines is also described. While Chapter 3 investigates the use of a deep eutectic solvent in nitrile ylide– and nitrilimine–alkene cycloadditions, Chapter 4 includes the copper(I)-mediated azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction promoted by ring-expanded N-heterocyclic carbene ligands to generate 1,4-regioisomeric triazoles. The final parts of the thesis contain general conclusions, future work, experimental procedures as well as characterisation and X-ray crystallographic data.
Optimal factorial designs for cDNA microarray experiments
Creators: name: Banerjee, Tathagata
name: Mukerjee, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider cDNA microarray experiments when the cell populations have a factorial structure, and investigate the problem of their optimal designing under a baseline parametrization where the objects of interest differ from those under the more common orthogonal parametrization. First, analytical results are given for the $2\times 2$ factorial. Since practical applications often involve a more complex factorial structure, we next explore general factorials and obtain a collection of optimal designs in the saturated, that is, most economic, case. This, in turn, is seen to yield an approach for finding optimal or efficient designs in the practically more important nearly saturated cases. Thereafter, the findings are extended to the more intricate situation where the underlying model incorporates dye-coloring effects, and the role of dye-swapping is critically examined.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOAS144 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
XXII Международная научно-практическая конференция «Вызовы современности и стратегии развития общества в условиях новой реальности»
Creators: name: ООО "Институт развития образования и консалтинга"
Publisher: name: ООО "Институт развития образования и консалтинга"
Year: 2024

description: XXII Международная научно-практическая конференция «Вызовы современности и стратегии развития общества в условиях новой реальности»
title: The Role of Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 in Osteocyte Death during Serum Induced Arthritis
Creators: name: Zhang, Fulin
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Year: 2024

description: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder that causes chronic joint symptoms leading to pain and disability in millions of people worldwide. The inflammation seen in RA includes a complex interaction between immune system and skeletal system. Key to this interaction are immune cells, cytokines, and bone cells, including osteocytes. Osteocytes, which are the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone tissue, play crucial roles in sensing mechanical stimuli, regulating bone remodeling, and maintaining mineral balance. The maintenance of osteocyte viability, encompassing mechanisms of cell survival and pathways to cell death, is vital for preserving bone health and function. However, the importance of osteocyte survival in arthritis remains unknown. Within the intricate network of cell signaling pathways, Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3) emerges as a key regulatory molecule, particularly in cell death and inflammation processes. RIPK3 is central to necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death associated with inflammation. Through interactions with proteins like Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1) and Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain Like Pseudokinase (MLKL), RIPK3 triggers cell death in various diseases progression. Studies on the role of RIPK3 in inflammatory bone disorders such as RA have highlighted its functions in regulating bone cell survival and inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of the RIPK3-mediated necroptosis pathway has been linked to the pathophysiology of various human diseases. Research has shown that the use of RIPK3 inhibitors can significantly alleviate symptoms in inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis. Our study revealed a notable increase in osteocyte death in both collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and K/BxN serum induced arthritis (SIA) mouse models, correlated with bone loss. Specifically, we observed a significant upregulation of RIPK3 and MLKL expression in the bone of SIA model, indicating increased necroptotic activity. In contrast, there were no changes in RIPK3 and MLKL gene expressions in the the bone of CIA model, suggesting distinct regulatory mechanisms of osteocyte death pathway in these two models. Furthermore, knocking down or inhibiting the RIPK3 gene in C57BL/6 mice resulted in symptom reduction in SIA. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated the beneficial effect of RIPK3 inhibitor GSK-872 in reducing cell death in osteocyte cell line IDG-SW3. These findings underscore the critical role of RIPK3 in SIA and emphasize the potential of targeting RIPK3 as a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bone disorders.
Extension of Lorentz Reciprocity and Poynting Theorems for Spatially Dispersive Media with Quadrupolar Responses
Creators: name: Achouri, Karim
name: Martin, Olivier J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a self-consistent extension of the Lorentz reciprocity theorem and the Poynting theorem for media possessing electric and magnetic dipolar and quadrupolar responses related to electric and magnetic fields and field gradients. Using these two theorems, we respectively deduce the conditions of reciprocity and gainlessness and losslessness that apply to the various tensors mediating the interactions of these multipole moments and the associated fields and field gradients. We expect that these conditions will play an essential role in developing advanced metamaterial modeling techniques that include quadrupolar and spatially dispersive responses.
Renormalizable Adjoint SU(5)
Creators: name: Perez, Pavel Fileviez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility to find the simplest renormalizable grand unified theory based on the SU(5) gauge symmetry. We find that it is possible to generate all fermion masses with only two Higgs bosons, 5_H and 45_H. In this context the neutrino masses are generated through the type III and type I seesaw mechanisms. The predictions coming from the unification of gauge couplings and the stability of the proton are discussed in detail. In this theory the leptogenesis mechanism can be realized through the out of equilibrium decays of the fermions in the adjoint representation.
description: 6 pages, minor corrections, to appear in Physics Letters B
title: How Risky is my AI System? A Method for Transparent Classification of AI System Descriptions by Regulated AI Risk Categories
Creators: name: Weinzierl, Sven
name: Zilker, Sandra
name: Zschech, Patrick
name: Kraus, Mathias
name: Matzner, Martin
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial intelligence regularization
subject: EU AI Act
subject: large language model
subject: explainable AI
subject: risk assessment

description: Risk-based artificial intelligence (AI) regulations define risk categories for AI-enabled systems. The operators of such systems must determine the risk category applicable to their AI systems. This requires detailed knowledge of the classification rules defined in the regulations. Only a few supporting tools have been developed to facilitate the task of risk classification. This paper presents a novel method that describes all the necessary steps to develop such a tool. To demonstrate and evaluate the method, it is instantiated for the European Union’s AI Act. The evaluation shows i) that the classification model achieves promising performance in predicting the risk categories for AI systems, ii) that users can effectively use the web application to carry out a risk classification, and iii) that users find SHAP text plots integrated into the web application helpful for understanding the reasons of a classification prediction.
Three-Dimensional Nanotransmission Lines at Optical Frequencies: A Recipe for Broadband Negative-Refraction Optical Metamaterials
Creators: name: Alu, Andrea
name: Engheta, Nader
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we apply the optical nanocircuit concepts to design and analyze in detail a three-dimensional (3-D) plasmonic nanotransmission line network that may act as a negative-refraction broadband metamaterial at infrared and optical frequencies. After discussing the heuristic concepts at the basis of our theory, we show full-wave analytical results of the expected behavior of such materials, which show increased bandwidth and relative robustness to losses. The possibility and constraints of getting a 3-D fully isotropic response is also explored and conditions for minimal losses and increased bandwidth are discussed. Full-wave analytical results for some design examples employing realistic plasmonic materials at infrared and optical frequencies are also presented, and a case of sub-wavelength imaging system using a slab of this material is numerically investigated.
description: 70 pages, 15 figures
Renormalization group approach to anisotropic superconductivity
Creators: name: Roldan, Rafael
name: Tsai, Shan-Wen
name: Lopez-Sancho, M. Pilar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superconducting instability of the Fermi liquid state is investigated by considering anisotropic electron-boson couplings. Both electron-electron interactions and anisotropic electron-boson couplings are treated with a renormalization-group method that takes into account retardation effects. Considering a non-interacting circular Fermi surface, we find analytical solutions for the flow equations and derive a set of generalized Eliashberg equations. Electron-boson couplings with different momentum dependences are studied, and we find superconducting instabilities of the metallic state with competition between order parameters of different symmetries. Numerical solutions for some couplings are given to illustrate the frequency dependence of the vertices at different coupling regimes.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. Final version as published in Phys. Rev. B
Determination of dynamical ages of open clusters through the A$^+$ parameter -- I
Creators: name: Rao, Khushboo K.
name: Vaidya, Kaushar
name: Agarwal, Manan
name: Bhattacharya, Souradeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sedimentation level of blue straggler stars (BSS) has been shown to be a great tool to investigate the dynamical states of globular clusters (GCs). The area enclosed between the cumulative radial distributions of BSS and a reference population up to the half-mass radius of the clusters, $A^+_{\mathrm{rh}}$, is known to be a measure of the sedimentation of BSS in GCs. In this work, we calculate $A^+_{\mathrm{rh}}$ for 11 open clusters (OCs) using a combined list of main-sequence turn-off stars, sub-giant branch stars, and red-giant branch stars as reference population. The BSS, the reference populations, and the cluster members are identified using the proper motions and parallaxes from the Gaia DR2 data. In a subset of clusters, the BSS are confirmed cluster members on the basis of radial velocity information available in the literature. Using the Pearson and Spearman rank correlation coefficients, we find weak correlations between the estimated values of $A^+_{\mathrm{rh}}$ and other markers of dynamical ages of the clusters, i.e., the number of central relaxations a cluster has experienced since its formation, and the structural parameters of the clusters. Based on statistical tests, we find that these correlations are similar to the corresponding correlations among the less evolved GCs, albeit within large errors.
The degree of the variety of rational ruled surfaces and Gromov-Witten invariants
Creators: name: Ramirez, Cristina Martinez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 14N35, 14N10; Secondary 14C05, 14C15

description: We compute the degree of the variety parametrizing rational ruled surfaces of degree d in the projective space by relating the problem to Gromov-Witten invariants and Quantum cohomology.
description: 14 pages
Transport properties of a Luttinger liquid in the presence of several time-dependent impurities
Creators: name: Makogon, D.
name: Juricic, V.
name: Smith, C. Morais
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transport properties of a Luttinger liquid in the presence of several time-dependent weak point-like impurities. Our starting point is the bosonized form of the Luttinger liquid Hamiltonian with a potential introduced by the impurities. We find the correction to the total current due to the backscattering of the electrons by the impurities in first order of perturbation theory for a general time-dependent impurity potential. We then apply this result to a single time-dependent impurity, and show that it reproduces the result obtained by Feldman and Gefen in Ref. [7], in particular that the current enhancement occurs only for strong repulsive electron-electron interactions. For the case of two impurities oscillating with the same frequency, we find a novel effect, namely, that the dc-component of the backscattering current is positive {\it even for weak repulsive interactions}, due to the presence of the interference term induced by spatial correlations in the Luttinger liquid. We show that the impurity frequencies at which the enhancement takes place form a band-like structure. In the case of several impurities, the bands become broader, because of interference effects.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures