cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Renormalons as a Bridge between Perturbative and Nonperturbative Physics
Creators: name: Zakharov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In two lectures, we overview the renormalon and renormalon-related techniques and their phenomenological applications. We begin with a single renormalon chain which is a well defined and systematic way to specify the character of corrections in inverse powers of the total energy to observables directly in Minkowski space. Renormalons demonstrate also presence of nonperturbative contributions. We proceed then to multirenormalon chains and argue that they are in fact not suppressed compared to a single chain. On one hand, this phenomenon might be a mechanism for enhancement of power corrections. On the other hand, the derivation of relations between power corrections to various observables becomes a formidable task and asks for introduction of models. In the concluding, third part we consider dynamical models for nonperturbative effects, both in infrared and ultraviolet regions, inspired by renormalons.
description: 31 pages, LaTeX file. Talk presented at YKIS97, Kyoto, December, 1997
Strong coupling constant and heavy quark masses in 2+1 flavor QCD
Creators: name: Petreczky, P.
name: Weber, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a determination of the strong coupling constant and heavy quark masses in (2+1)-flavor QCD using lattice calculations of the moments of the pseudo-scalar quarkonium correlators at several values of the heavy valence quark mass with Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ) action. We determine the strong coupling constant in the $\overline{MS}$ scheme at four low-energy scales corresponding to $m_c$, $1.5m_c$, $2m_c$, and $3m_c$, with $m_c$ being the charm quark mass. The novel feature of our analysis that up to eleven lattice spacings are used in the continuum extrapolations, with the smallest lattice spacing being $0.025$ fm. We obtain $Λ_{\overline{MS}}^{n_f=3}=298 \pm 16$ MeV, which is equivalent to $α_s(μ=M_Z,n_f=5)=0.1159(12)$. For the charm and bottom quark masses in the $\overline{MS}$ scheme, we obtain: $m_c(μ=m_c,n_f=4)=1.265(10)$ GeV and $m_b(μ=m_b,n_f=5)=4.188(37)$ GeV.
description: 32 pages, 10 figures, 18 Tables
title: Letter: C. Harrison Mann, Jr. to Prince B. Woodward, November 23, 1965
Creators: name: Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Woodward, Prince B.
subject: George Mason College
subject: Legislation
subject: Higher education

description: Letter: typescript unsigned, 11" x 8.5" (29.7 cm x 21.6 cm)
description: Letter from C. Harrison Mann, Jr. to Prince B. Woodward, Director of the State Council for Higher Education, questioning Woodward if legislation would be needed to turn George Mason College from a two-year to four-year institution. He also asks if legislation is necessary to convert a teacher's college (i.e. women only) into a co-educational institution. C. Harrison Mann, Jr. Collection 1.16
Understanding Superstar firms, market dynamics and intangibles
Creators: name: Solorzano Mosquera, Jenniffer
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: This thesis adds to the debate whether superstar firms, defined as top-income distribution firms (e.g., Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Facebook (Meta)) are good for economies. Rather than attributing market power to observed trends in reduced business dynamics and increased concentration, I propose a more optimistic explanation stemming from an economic model transformation due to a more intangible economy, technological advancements, and globalization. The first chapter describes U.K. business dynamics (e.g., entry and exit of firms) and its connection with intangible investments (e.g., brands, management practices, corporate culture). It builds on an original longitudinal database using business register data and the application, for the first time in the U.K. in decades, of the OECD’s DynEmp3 software routine to obtain comparable and matchable business dynamics indicators with intangibles’ data. Findings expose a negative relationship between employment growth rates and intangible investments, likely arising from frictions generated by a more intangible economy; skilled over unskilled labor is preferred. The second chapter addresses market power increasing concerns. Evidence of increasing measured markups, especially for Superstars, is debunked by the chapter, demonstrating it highly depends on the estimation approach used. After correcting some estimation inconsistencies, measured markups in the U.S. and Europe remained stable since the Great Recession. Findings support notions of rising industry concentration resulting from technological changes rather than lax regulation permitting market power. In the third chapter, we introduce unexplored innovation and intangible asset measurements for empirical research connecting markups and business dynamics. We find that in the U.K. and some Latin American countries, social media data can serve as proxies for these concepts at the firm level. We create measurements Twitnovation, representing a firm’s innovation drivers, and Aboutnovation, representing a firm’s investment in customer engagement. They explain a substantial portion of labor productivity variation and correlate strongly with marketing expenses. Social media data can offer a more cost-effective and immediate alternative to traditional firm innovation surveys. 1
Quantum entanglement and transport in non-equilibrium interacting double-dot setup: The curious role of degeneracy
Creators: name: Dey, Anirban
name: Bhakuni, Devendra Singh
name: Agarwalla, Bijay Kumar
name: Sharma, Auditya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum entanglement and its relation to transport in a non-equilibrium interacting double dot system connected to electronic baths. The dynamical properties in the non-interacting regime are studied using an exact numerical approach whereas the steady state properties are obtained following the well-known non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) approach. By means of mutual information and concurrence we explore the connection between the quantum correlations in the system and the current flowing through the dots. It is observed that entanglement between the dots is heavily influenced by the degeneracy or the lack thereof, of the dot levels. In the non-degenerate case, the concurrence falls sharply when the applied bias crosses a certain critical value. In contrast when the dot energy levels are degenerate, the concurrence reaches a very high asymptotic value of 1/2. When interactions are switched on, the degeneracy is lifted, and once again concurrence falls to zero beyond a critical value of the applied bias. Lastly it is observed that the concurrence can be made to reach almost the value of 1.0 if the chemical potential in both baths is made very large (while keeping the sign the same) provided the dot levels are kept degenerate within the non-interacting limit. A combination of NEGF method, brute-force numerics and asymptotics are employed to corroborate our findings.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Selective quantum evolution of a qubit state due to continuous measurement
Creators: name: Korotkov, Alexander N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a two-level quantum system (qubit) which is continuously measured by a detector. The information provided by the detector is taken into account to describe the evolution during a particular realization of measurement process. We discuss the Bayesian formalism for such ``selective'' evolution of an individual qubit and apply it to several solid-state setups. In particular, we show how to suppress the qubit decoherence using continuous measurement and the feedback loop.
description: 15 pages (including 9 figures)
Additional file 1: of Clinical outcomes of hemodialysis patients in a public-private partnership care framework in Italy: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: L. Pedrini
name: A. Winter
name: F. Cerino
name: A. Zawada
name: M. Garbelli
name: A. Feuersenger
name: A. Feliciani
name: P. Ruggiero
name: S. Civardi
name: C. Amato
name: B. Canaud
name: S. Stuard
name: A. Karch
name: A. Gauly
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Figure S1. Study design and definition of prevalent and incident patients. This figure illustrates the design of the study and visualizes how prevalent and incident patients were defined. The renal-replacement therapy initiation date was before 1 October, 2011 for prevalent patients and between 1 October, 2011 and 31 December, 2016 for incident patients. The study index date was the study start date (1 January, 2012) for prevalent patients and the date of first treatment in the Seriate dialysis unit (i.e., any time between 1 January, 2012 and 31 December, 2016) for incident patients. (PDF 8 kb)
Joint cluster reconstructions: Combining free-form lensing and X-rays
Creators: name: Huber, Korbinian
name: Tchernin, Celine
name: Merten, Julian
name: Hilbert, Stefan
name: Bartelmann, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters provide a multitude of observational data across wavelengths and their structure and morphology are of considerable interest in cosmology as well as astrophysics. We develop a framework that allows the combination of lensing and non-lensing observations in a free-form and mesh-free approach to infer the projected mass distribution of individual galaxy clusters. This method can be used to test common assumptions on the morphology of clusters in parametric models. We make use of the lensing reconstruction code SaWLens2 and expand its capabilities by incorporating an estimate of the projected gravitational potential based on X-ray data that are deprojected using the local Richardson-Lucy method and used to infer the Newtonian potential of the cluster and we discuss how potentially arising numerical artefacts can be treated. We demonstrate the feasibility of our method on a simplified mock NFW halo and on a cluster from a realistic hydrodynamical simulation and show how the combination of X-ray and weak lensing data can affect a free-form reconstruction, improving the accuracy in the central region in some cases by a factor of two.
description: 14 pages, 19 figures, submitted to A&A; revised to match the accepted version
title: Calculating the Minimal Free Resolution of the Stanley-Reisner Ideal of a Self-dual Simplicial Complex
Creators: name: Dang, Phuong T
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Free resolution
subject: Simplicial complex
subject: Stanley-Reisner ideal
subject: Gröbner basis

description: Combinatorial Commutative Algebra is a popular subject for investigation and for application. It has various types of benefits widely acknowledged in some other branches of Mathematics and other Sciences. One of those is calculating the minimal free resolution of a Stanley-Reisner ring, the main purpose for this project. To be convenient for readers, this thesis is divided into two parts, the theory part and the example part. In the theory, we concentrate building the process in two ways, the Gröb nerbasis way and the Hochster's theorem way. However, to understand both of them, we need to cover the basic knowledge about abstract simplicial complex, minimal non-faces, Stanley-Reisner ring and etc. After defining these, the two ways can be accessed. For the Gröbner basis way, we assume that the readers know the concepts of an ideal over a polynomial ring, especially in this case the Noetherian domain (because, the polynomial ring is over a field), and have some intuition for divisibility from Number theory. Then we have a foundation to comprehend the definitions of syzygy, Gröbner basis, S-polynomial etc. From those, the algorithm is displayed effectively. Schreyer's theorem and the Macaulay matrix help a lot for doing the computation. However, the second way is more direct. Observing instead directly the bases of the modules, we can go through the computation of Betti numbers by using the reduced homology. This is acomplished through several concepts of upper Koszul complex and link to determine the Betti number of the grade that we are looking at. Then, gradually, both are enough to detect the resolution. Gaining these theories is sufficient for the second part. In this, we process some problems for self-dual simplicial complexes to identify their minimal free resolutions, using the two ways above. With the solution I for the Gröbner basis way and solution II for Hochster's theorem way, we can distinguish and analyze the interaction between them. This is a good thing to better understand and obtain a good orientation for the new application in computer science and maybe in the real life. In conclusion, this topic is very useful and realistic for several new approaches. Hence, this thesis is written to clarify the computation and serve as material for advanced investigations. I hope through this work, we can obtain enough ingredients to continue on the research and to develop the skills for interesting areas like this, especially Combinatorial Commutative Algebra and Computational Algebra.
MOESM7 of Measles case, immunization coverage and its determinant factors among 12–23 month children, in Bassona Worena Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018
Creators: name: Ayele Abebe
name: Tamiru Mengistu
name: Abinet Mekuria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: Table S4. Binary logistic regression analysis of factors associated with measles immunization, Bassona worena woreda, Ethiopia 2017 (n = 575).
Universal Crossover between Efros-Shklovskii and Mott Variable-Range-Hopping Regimes
Creators: name: Meir, Yigal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A universal scaling function, describing the crossover between the Mott and the Efros-Shklovskii hopping regimes, is derived, using the percolation picture of transport in strongly localized systems. This function is agrees very well with experimental data. Quantitative comparison with experiment allows for the possible determination of the role played by polarons in the transport.
description: 7 pages + 1 figure, Revtex
Novel additive manufacture and hot forging technique for titanium alloy
Creators: name: Hopper, Christopher Dixon
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Hot forging is investigated as a method of improving the mechanical behaviour of additive manufactured (AM) titanium alloy Ti64. An initial study using AM 316L stainless steel is used to show that the hot forging of the additive material can reduce, and in some cases eliminate, porosities and defects within the material. Testing shows that the mechanical properties such as strength and ductility can be improved by this method. Initial tests were then made on AM Ti64 through the isothermal compression of cone shaped specimens. This geometry enabled a single sample to display the effects of forging over a wide range of plastic strain. This work identified a suitable range of temperature and deformation for use in the hot forging of AM Ti64. A series of AM Ti64 samples were then built to a dog-bone geometry and hot forged between flat anvils. This open die forging allowed the determination of the changes in structure and behaviour over the range of conditions. Following the series of tests to determine tensile strength and ductility, a further study was undertaken to evaluate the fatigue behaviour of the forged material against that of un-forged AM Ti64 and commercial Ti64 wrought sheet. The result results indicate that the forging operation has the capacity to bring the fatigue performance of the AM material up to that of standard (non-AM) Ti64, indicating commercial possibilities. As an illustrative test of the practical application of AM + hot forging, a representative component was made from an AM Ti64 blank using a closed die forging technique. Analysis of the strength and structure of the resulting forging indicated that the properties were compatible with the standards requirement for commercial forgings. The conclusion is that hot forging is a viable method of improving mechanical performance in AM metals.
title: Party Time? A Temporal and Partisan Mixed Methods Exploration of Changes in American Lawmaking
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2021

description: In this dissertation, I argue that a nuanced examination of a random selection of public laws based on how power is used to enact the laws may enable scholars to identify durable shifts in governing authority in Congress, consistent with American political development research. Specifically, by examining 557 laws enacted between 1951 and 2011, I find support for the argument that America has moved away from Congress-centered decision making to a more plebiscitary government. In addition, my findings suggest changes in the norms of partisan lawmaking and an enduring commitment on behalf of the Democratic party to expert lawmaking.
Additional file 1: of Are they there yet? Linkage of patients with tuberculosis to services for tobacco cessation and alcohol abuse â a mixed methods study from Karnataka, India
Creators: name: Nagendra Navya
name: Kathiresan Jeyashree
name: Akshaya Madhukeshwar
name: Tanu Anand
name: Nirgude, Abhay
name: Badarudeen Nayarmoole
name: Isaakidis, Petros
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Interview guide. The Additional file 1 contains the interview guide which was used to collect qualitative data by patient interviews and key informant interviews of health care providers. (DOCX 17 kb)
Ferromagnetic Epitaxial μ-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ on β-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$: A New Monoclinic form of Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$
Creators: name: Jamison, John S.
name: May, Brelon J.
name: Deitz, Julia I.
name: Chien, Szu-Chia
name: McComb, David W.
name: Grassman, Tyler J.
name: Windl, Wolfgang
name: Myers, Roberto C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we demonstrate a new monoclinic iron oxide phase (μ-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$), epitaxially stabilized by growth on (010) β-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations find that the lattice parameters of freestanding μ-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ are within ~1% of those of β-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ and that its energy of formation is comparable to that of naturally abundant Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ polytypes. A superlattice of μ-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$/β-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ is grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy, with resulting high-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicating that the μ-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ layers are lattice-matched to the substrate. The measured out-of-plane (b) lattice parameter of 3.12 $\pm$ 0.4 Å is in agreement with the predicted lattice constants and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images confirm complete registry of the μ-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ layers with β-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$. Finally, DFT modeling predicts that bulk μ-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ is antiferromagnetic, while the interface region between μ-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ and β-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ leads to ferromagnetic coupling between interface Fe$^{3+}$ cations selectively occupying tetrahedral positions. Magnetic hysteresis persisting to room temperature is observed via SQUID measurements, consistent with the computationally predicted interface magnetism.
description: 19 pages and 7 figures
Construction of size-consistent effective Hamiltonians for systems with arbitrary Hilbert space
Creators: name: Huebsch, Arnd
name: Vojta, Matthias
name: Becker, Klaus W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effective Hamiltonians are usually constructed by using canonical transformations or projection techniques. In contrast to this, we present a method for systems with arbitrary Hilbert space based on the introduction of cumulants. Cumulants guarantee size consistency, a property that is not always evident in other treatments. As a nontrivial example of use the derived method is applied to the strong-coupling limit of the half-filled Hubbard model on a general lattice in arbitrary spatial dimension for which the fourth-order expansion in t/U of the effective Hamiltonian is derived.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures included; accepted for publication in J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
Simulating Turbulence-aided Neutrino-driven Core-collapse Supernova Explosions in One Dimension
Creators: name: Couch, Sean M.
name: Warren, MacKenzie L.
name: O'Connor, Evan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The core-collapse supernova (CCSN) mechanism is fundamentally three-dimensional with instabilities, convection, and turbulence playing crucial roles in aiding neutrino-driven explosions. Simulations of CCNSe including accurate treatments of neutrino transport and sufficient resolution to capture key instabilities remain amongst the most expensive numerical simulations in astrophysics, prohibiting large parameter studies in 2D and 3D. Studies spanning a large swath of the incredibly varied initial conditions of CCSNe are possible in 1D, though such simulations must be artificially driven to explode. We present a new method for including the most important effects of convection and turbulence in 1D simulations of neutrino-driven CCSNe, called Supernova Turbulence In Reduced-dimensionality, or STIR. Our new approach includes crucial terms resulting from the turbulent and convective motions of the flow. We estimate the strength of convection and turbulence using a modified mixing length theory (MLT) approach introducing a few free parameters to the model which are fit to the results of 3D simulations. For sufficiently large values of the mixing length parameter, turbulence-aided neutrino-driven explosions are obtained. We compare the results of STIR to high-fidelity 3D simulations and perform a parameter study of CCSN explosion using 200 solar-metallicity progenitor models from 9 to 120 $M_\odot$. We find that STIR is a better predictor of which models will explode in multidimensional simulations than other methods of driving explosions in 1D. We also present a preliminary investigation of predicted observable characteristics of the CCSN population from STIR, such as the distributions of explosion energies and remnant masses.
description: 30 pages, 17 figures. Substantially updated following referee report and resubmitted to AAS Journals
Onset of double-diffusive convection in near-critical gas mixtures
Creators: name: Hu, Zhan-Chao
name: Davis, Stephen H.
name: Zhang, Xin-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near the thermodynamic critical point, the physical properties of binary fluids exhibit large variations in response to small temperature and concentration differences, whose effects on the onset of double-diffusive convection are reported here. The vertical symmetry is broken, irregular penetrative instability occurs, and cat's eye patterns are identified in the fingering regime and oscillatory regime, respectively. A new parameter Θ is defined which indicates how the variations of physical properties influence flow fields. It is seen through numerical simulations that the Boussinesq approximation with constant physical properties has limited applicability, and that the Boussinesq equations with variable properties and density will describe all features seen. This conclusion is based on comparisons with the fully compressible, variable-property system.
description: 23 pages, 19 figures
Development of nuclear emergency consequence assessment models for estuaries and coastal seas
Creators: name: Little, Andrew Samuel Barnabas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: This work presents the coupled development of hydrodynamic, dispersion and dose assessment models to support nuclear emergency response consequence assessment. High resolution 2D depth averaged hydrodynamic models incorporating wetting and drying were developed for the Tamar estuary and Upper Firth of Clyde using the Thetis coastal ocean model and validation against available tidal elevation and velocity data showed very good agreement. To facilitate their use in emergencies, harmonic analysis was conducted to enable the rapid reconstruction of velocity and elevation fields. It was determined by sensitivity analysis that the loss of certain high frequency flow features in the reconstructed flow was significant to particle dispersion predictions. The novel application of Dynamic Mode Decomposition techniques was trialled to resolve these issues; however, training stability and the loss of temporal awareness using this technique were found to be limiting in its application. A 3D Lagrangian particle model has been developed over a base particle trajectory solver to enable the assessment of radioactive transport, including wind forcing, management of radioactive decay and kinetic exchange of radioactivity between water and sediment phases. A number of validation cases for the dispersion model are presented compared against a tracer study. A proof of concept directly coupled atmospheric and marine dispersion model was developed and demonstrated. Testing identified that such an approach may not be suitable for small domains due to the numerical limitations of Lagrangian simulations and representative exchange lengths between phases. Dose assessment tools have been developed, including the novel development of a full-field gamma shine assessment tool incorporating buildup and air attenuation. Some considerations for the best interpretation and communication of dose results in emergencies have also been provided. Sensitivity analysis of the combined model system has resulted in novel insights including the insensitivity of immediate response phase models to sediment dynamics.
Early fasting is long lasting: Differences in early nutritional conditions reappear under stressful conditions in adult female zebra finches
Creators: name: Krause, E. Tobias
name: Honarmand, Mariam
name: Wetzel, Jennifer
name: Naguib, Marc
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: zebra finch
subject: nutritional conditions
subject: provisioning
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::576 Genetik und Evolution

description: Conditions experienced during early life can have profound effects on individual development and condition in adulthood. Differences in nutritional provisioning in birds during the first month of life can lead to differences in growth, reproductive success and survival. Yet, under natural conditions shorter periods of nutritional stress will be more prevalent. Individuals may respond differently, depending on the period of development during which nutritional stress was experienced. Such differences may surface specifically when poor environmental conditions challenge individuals again as adults. Here, we investigated long term consequences of differences in nutritional conditions experienced during different periods of early development by female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) on measures of management and acquisition of body reserves. As nestlings or fledglings, subjects were raised under different nutritional conditions, a low or high quality diet. After subjects reached sexual maturity, we measured their sensitivity to periods of food restriction, their exploration and foraging behaviour as well as adult resting metabolic rate (RMR). During a short period of food restriction, subjects from the poor nutritional conditions had a higher body mass loss than those raised under qualitatively superior nutritional conditions. Moreover, subjects that were raised under poor nutritional conditions were faster to engage in exploratory and foraging behaviour. But RMR did not differ among treatments. These results reveal that early nutritional conditions affect adult exploratory behaviour, a representative personality trait, foraging and adult's physiological condition. As early nutritional conditions are reflected in adult phenotypic plasticity specifically when stressful situations reappear, the results suggest that costs for poor developmental conditions are paid when environmental conditions deteriorate.
Supplemental Tables Molecular developments in parasellar tumors and potential therapeutic implications..odt
Creators: name: Xekouki, Paraskevi
name: Venetsanaki, Vasiliki
name: Kyriakopoulos, Georgios
name: Angelousi, Anna
name: Kaltsas, Gregory
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 429999
subject: Other health sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental Table 1. Classification of gliomas of the parasellar region (WHO CNS5 2021)Supplemental Table 2. Classification of meningiomas (WHO CNS5 2021)
title: An Agent Based Distributed Control for Networked SIR Epidemics
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimal control
subject: Spreading process
subject: Network science
subject: Epidemic modeling and control

description: This paper revisits a longstanding problem of interest concerning the distributed control of an epidemic process on human contact networks. Due to the stochastic nature and combinatorial complexity of the problem, Finding optimal policies are intractable even for small networks. Even if a solution could be found efficiently enough, a potentially larger problem is such policies are notoriously brittle when confronted with small disturbances or uncooperative agents in the network. Unlike the vast majority of related works in this area, we circumvent the goal of directly solving the intractable and instead seek simple control strategies to address this problem. More specifically, based on the locally available information to a particular person, how should that person make use of this information to better protect their self? How can that person socialize as much as possible while ensuring some desired level of safety? More formally, the solution to this problem requires a rigorous understanding of the trade-off between socializing with potentially infected individuals and the increased risk of infection. We set this up as a finite time optimal control problem using a well known exact Markov chain compartmental Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model. Unfortunately, the problem set up is intractable and requires a relaxation. Leveraging results from the literature, we employ a commonly used mean-field approximation (MFA) technique to relax the problem. However, the main contribution distinguishing our work from the myriad works which study networked MFA models is that we verify the effectiveness of our solutions on the original stochastic problem, rather than the relaxed problem. We find that the optimal solution of the problem to be a form of threshold on the chance of infection of the neighbors of that person. Simulations illustrate our results.
MOESM6 of Measles case, immunization coverage and its determinant factors among 12â 23Â month children, in Bassona Worena Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018
Creators: name: Ayele Abebe
name: Tamiru Mengistu
name: Abinet Mekuria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6: Figure S2. Reasons for not immunizing child among respondents, Bassona Worena woreda, Ethiopia, 2017.
Fermi Surface, Surface States, and Surface Reconstruction in Sr2RuO4
Creators: name: Damascelli, A.
name: Lu, D. H.
name: Shen, K. M.
name: Armitage, N. P.
name: Ronning, F.
name: Feng, D. L.
name: Kim, C.
name: Shen, Z. -X.
name: Kimura, T.
name: Tokura, Y.
name: Mao, Z. Q.
name: Maeno, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure of Sr2RuO4 is investigated by high angular resolution ARPES at several incident photon energies. We address the controversial issues of the Fermi surface (FS) topology and of the van Hove singularity at the M point, showing that a surface state and the replica of the primary FS due to (sqrt2 x sqrt2) surface reconstruction are responsible for previous conflicting interpretations. The FS thus determined by ARPES is consistent with the de Haas-van Alphen results, and it provides additional information on the detailed shape of the alpha, beta and gamma sheets.
description: Final version for Physical Review Letters. Revtex, 4 pages, 4 postscript pictures embedded in the text
Genoarchitecture of the extended amygdala in zebra finch, and expression of FoxP2 in cell corridors of different genetic profile
Creators: name: Vicario, Alba
name: Mendoza, Ezequiel
name: Abellán, Antonio
name: Scharff, Constance
name: Medina, Loreta
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: amygdalar cells
subject: mesotocin
subject: FoxP2
subject: social behavior
subject: enkephalin
subject: somatostatin
subject: striatal
subject: pallidal
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::576 Genetik und Evolution

description: We used a battery of genes encoding transcription factors (Pax6, Islet1, Nkx2.1, Lhx6, Lhx5, Lhx9, FoxP2) and neuropeptides to study the extended amygdala in developing zebra finches. We identified different components of the central extended amygdala comparable to those found in mice and chickens, including the intercalated amygdalar cells, the central amygdala, and the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Many cells likely originate in the dorsal striatal domain, ventral striatal domain, or the pallidal domain, as is the case in mice and chickens. Moreover, a cell subpopulation of the central extended amygdala appears to originate in the prethalamic eminence. As a general principle, these different cells with specific genetic profiles and embryonic origin form separate or partially intermingled cell corridors along the extended amygdala, which may be involved in different functional pathways. In addition, we identified the medial amygdala of the zebra finch. Like in the chickens and mice, it is located in the subpallium and is rich in cells of pallido-preoptic origin, containing minor subpopulations of immigrant cells from the ventral pallium, alar hypothalamus and prethalamic eminence. We also proposed that the medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is composed of several parallel cell corridors with different genetic profile and embryonic origin: preoptic, pallidal, hypothalamic, and prethalamic. Several of these cell corridors with distinct origin express FoxP2, a transcription factor implicated in synaptic plasticity. Our results pave the way for studies using zebra finches to understand the neural basis of social behavior, in which the extended amygdala is involved.
Early formation of supermassive black holes via dark matter self-interactions
Creators: name: Choquette, Jeremie
name: Cline, James M.
name: Cornell, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of supermassive black holes at high redshifts ($z\sim7$) is difficult to accommodate in standard astrophysical scenarios. It has been shown that dark matter models with a subdominant self-interacting component are able to produce early seeds for supermassive black holes through the gravothermal catastrophe. Previous studies used a fluid equation approach, requiring some limiting assumptions. Here we reconsider the problem using $N$-body gravitational simulations starting from the formation of the initial dark matter halo. We consider both elastic and dissipative scattering, and elucidate the interplay between the dark matter microphysics and subsequent accretion of the black hole needed to match the properties of observed high redshift supermassive black holes. We find a region of parameter space in which a small component of self-interacting dark matter can produce the observed high redshift supermassive black holes.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures v2: added references, fixed typo in eq. (7) and discussion in section 4.1; conclusions unchanged v3: clarified several sections, added histogram of galaxies at high redshifts; conclusions unchanged
Superfast encodings for fermionic quantum simulation
Creators: name: Setia, Kanav
name: Bravyi, Sergey
name: Mezzacapo, Antonio
name: Whitfield, James D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulation of fermionic many-body systems on a quantum computer requires a suitable encoding of fermionic degrees of freedom into qubits. Here we revisit the Superfast Encoding introduced by Kitaev and one of the authors. This encoding maps a target fermionic Hamiltonian with two-body interactions on a graph of degree $d$ to a qubit simulator Hamiltonian composed of Pauli operators of weight $O(d)$. A system of $m$ fermi modes gets mapped to $n=O(md)$ qubits. We propose Generalized Superfast Encodings (GSE) which require the same number of qubits as the original one but have more favorable properties. First, we describe a GSE such that the corresponding quantum code corrects any single-qubit error provided that the interaction graph has degree $d\ge 6$. In contrast, we prove that the original Superfast Encoding lacks the error correction property for $d\le 6$. Secondly, we describe a GSE that reduces the Pauli weight of the simulator Hamiltonian from $O(d)$ to $O(\log{d})$. The robustness against errors and a simplified structure of the simulator Hamiltonian offered by GSEs can make simulation of fermionic systems within the reach of near-term quantum devices. As an example, we apply the new encoding to the fermionic Hubbard model on a 2D lattice.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Bayesian uncertainty quantification for PDE models: new perspectives on inference and dimension reduction
Creators: name: Papandreou, Yanni
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Mathematical models based on partial differential equations (PDEs) play a central role in science and engineering. This thesis aims to present some new perspectives on two different topics regarding such models. The first issue is concerned with how mismatch between the model and the real system can often manifest itself. One way of dealing with such mismatch is to introduce stochasticity to model any uncertainty present. Concurrently, the increasing prevalence of instrumentation within modern engineering systems has driven the need for tools to combine sensor data with model predictions to help mitigate any model misspecification. This has led to an increased interest in uncertainty quantification (UQ). In the first part of this thesis we provide a review of the statistical finite element method (StatFEM) which is an emerging probabilistic method that allows observations of a physical system to be synthesised with the numerical solution of a PDE. We present a new theoretical analysis of StatFEM demonstrating that it has similar convergence properties to the finite element method on which it is based. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate our theory, including an example which tests the robustness of StatFEM when extended to nonlinear quantities of interest. The second issue is concerned with the fact that PDE models often involve a large number of parameters increasing the computational burden. Thus, the study of methods to perform dimension reduction are of vital importance. In the second part of this thesis we motivate the idea of localised active subspaces for dimension reduction, where the dimension reducing subspace varies smoothly as a function of the input parameters. To estimate localised active subspaces we then present a fully Bayesian model based on Gaussian Processes, called GrassGP, which can be used to interpolate a field of subspace-valued response-variables. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate this.
Subnanosecond Fluctuations in Low-Barrier Nanomagnets
Creators: name: Kaiser, Jan
name: Rustagi, Avinash
name: Camsari, Kerem Y.
name: Sun, Jonathan Z.
name: Datta, Supriyo
name: Upadhyaya, Pramey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast magnetic fluctuations due to thermal torques have useful technological functionality ranging from cryptography to probabilistic computing. The characteristic time of fluctuations in typical uniaxial anisotropy magnets studied so far is bounded from below by the well-known energy relaxation mechanism. This time scales as $α^{-1}$, where $α$ parameterizes the strength of dissipative processes. Here, we theoretically analyze the fluctuating dynamics in easy-plane and antiferromagnetically coupled nanomagnets. We find in such magnets, the dynamics are strongly influenced by fluctuating intrinsic fields, which give rise to an additional dephasing-type mechanism for washing out correlations. In particular, we establish two time scales for characterizing fluctuations (i) the average time for a nanomagnet to reverse|which for the experimentally relevant regime of low damping is governed primarily by dephasing and becomes independent of $α$, (ii) the time scale for memory loss of a single nanomagnet|which scales as $α^{-1/3}$ and is governed by a combination of energy dissipation and dephasing mechanism. For typical experimentally accessible values of intrinsic fields, the resultant thermal-fluctuation rate is increased by multiple orders of magnitude when compared with the bound set solely by the energy relaxation mechanism in uniaxial magnets. This could lead to higher operating speeds of emerging devices exploiting magnetic fluctuations.
MOESM5 of Measles case, immunization coverage and its determinant factors among 12â 23Â month children, in Bassona Worena Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018
Creators: name: Ayele Abebe
name: Tamiru Mengistu
name: Abinet Mekuria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Figure S1. Measles immunization among 12 to 23 months old child, Bassona Worena woreda, Ethiopia, 2017.
ANDIJON VILOYATI: MUQADDAS QADAMJOLAR VA  ZIYORAT MASKANLARI.
Creators: name: Mirzakarimov, Mirzamaxmud
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur maqolada Andijon viloyatining ziyorat turizmi salohiyati, muqaddas qadamjolari va ziyorat maskanlari haqida batafsil ma’lumot berilgan. Qutayba ibn Muslim maqbarasi, Yakkatut azizlari, Solih hoji masjidi, Muhammad Siddiq eshon maqbarasi va boshqa muqaddas joylarning tarixi va hozirgi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Shuningdek, viloyatda ziyorat turizmini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar,  infratuzilmani yaxshilash bo‘yicha rejalar ham bayon qilingan. Ushbu maqola ziyoratchilar, tadqiqotchilar va turizm sohasi vakillari uchun foydali bo‘lishi mumkin..
Enhanced Local Moment Formation in a Chiral Luttinger Liquid
Creators: name: Phillips, Philip
name: Sandler, Nancy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive here a stability condition for a local moment in the presence of an interacting sea of conduction electrons. The conduction electrons are modeled as a Luttinger liquid in which chirality and spin are coupled. We show that an Anderson-U defect in such an interacting system can be transformed onto a nearly-Fermi liquid problem. We find that correlations among the conduction electrons stabilize the local moment phase. A Schrieffer-Wolff transformation is then performed which results in an anisotropic exchange interaction indicative of the Kondo effect in a Luttinger liquid. The ground-state properties of this model are then equivalent to those of the Kondo model in a Luttinger liquid.
description: 11 pages, no figures