Helorus Latreille 1802
Creators: name: Zhang, Ruo-Nan
name: Achterberg, Cornelis Van
name: Tian, Xiao-Xia
name: He, Cheng-Yi
name: Tan, Jiang-Li
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Heloridae
Helorus

description: Key to Old World species of the genus Helorus Latreille (except Australian region)
1 Temple, face, vertex, mesopleuron ventrally and mesoscutum medially coarsely reticulate-rugose; first metasomal tergite comparatively robust (Fig. 3 in van Achterberg 2006), but slender in H. suwai; hind tibia of ♂ dark brown............ 2
- Temple, face, vertex, mesopleuron ventrally and mesoscutum medially smooth to moderately punctate; first tergite variable, often slenderer (Figs 6, 34); hind tibia of ♂ largely blackish, dark brown or yellowish brown..................... 5
2 Basal half of first tergite parallel-sided and tergite about 3.0 × as long as its maximum width in dorsal view; vein 2-SR of fore wing curved posteriorly; [scutellum with medio-longitudinal carina; second tergite finely punctulate; pterostigma about 3.3 × as long as wide]; Japan ............................................................ H. suwai Kusigemati, 1987
- Basal half of first tergite distinctly widened anteriorly and tergite 1.7–2.0 × as long as its maximum width in dorsal view; vein 2-SR of fore wing straight posteriorly..................................................................... 3
3 Lamellae between antennal sockets wide reversed W-shaped; basal width of hypopygium of ♀ twice longer than its median length and remotely punctate; [only known from ♀ holotype from Jilin (NE China)]................................................................................... H. jilinensis He & Xu, 2015
- Lamellae between antennal sockets narrower and M-shaped; basal width of hypopygium of ♀ about 1.5 × longer than its median length and densely punctate (interspaces 0.3–0.6 × diameter of punctures)..................... 4
4 First tergite distinctly narrowed apically in lateral view; posterior part of vein r widened, 2–3 × wider than anterior part of vein r; posterior margin of pterostigma nearly straight; China (Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan)...................................................................... H. chinensis He, 1992
- First tergite hardly or not narrowed apically in lateral view (Fig. 3 in van Achterberg 2006); apical part of vein r not or slightly widened, similar to anterior part of vein r; posterior margin of pterostigma curved; Europe............................................................................... H. nigripes Foerster, 1856
5 Pterostigma robust, 2.1–2.6 × as long as wide (Figs. 11, 23); first tergite less elevated subbasally and slender in lateral view (Figs. 6, 17); antenna (except basally) yellowish brown or brown ventrally (Fig. 2); metasoma of ♂ smooth or punctulate latero-ventrally; temple above malar suture depressed (Fig. 10)........................................ 6
- Pterostigma slender, 2.9–3.8 × as long as wide (Figs. 36, 43, 49); first tergite distinctly elevated subbasally and usually robust in lateral view (Figs 34, 41, 49, 52); antenna (except basally) usually largely dark brown or black ventrally (Fig. 55); metasoma of ♂ distinctly finely punctate latero-ventrally; temple above malar space flat or slightly impressed (Fig. 55).......... 8
6 First flagellomere 4.7–7.7 × as long as wide (Figs. 2, 14); apical half of hind femur partly or entirely yellow; first tergite slender in lateral view (Figs. 1, 6, 17); hind coxa and apical half of hind tibia blackish (contrasting with apical yellow part of hind femur) and remainder of leg pale yellowish (Figs. 1, 12, 24); vein cu-a of fore wing often antefurcal (Figs. 11, 23); [vein r of fore wing short]; China (Sichuan, Shaanxi, Ningxia).............................. H. antefurcalis He & Xu, 2015
- First flagellomere 2.8–3.6 × as long as wide; apical half of hind femur black; first tergite less slender in lateral view (Fig. 5); hind coxa and apical half of hind tibia yellowish brown to dark brown and remainder of hind leg yellowish brown; vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial.................................................................................. 7
7 Hind trochanter, trochantellus and tarsus pale yellow; first flagellomere about 3.6 × longer than wide; hind tibia (except basally) and tarsus apically dark brown; first tergite comparatively slender in lateral view; China (Hebei)........................................................................................................ H. reni He & Xu, 2015
- Hind trochanter, trochantellus and tarsus yellowish brown; first flagellomere about 2.8 × longer than wide; hind tibia and tarsus brownish yellow; first tergite less slender in lateral view (Fig. 5 in van Achterberg, 2006); [colour of middle trochanter and femur varies from yellowish brown to dark brown]; China (Henan, Shaanxi); Holarctic, Afrotropical................................................................................................. H. ruficornis Foerster, 1856
8 Scutellum with transverse subposterior carina in front of transverse crenulated groove (Fig. 56), at most narrowly interrupted; lamellae between antennal sockets with some coarse punctures (Fig. 50); metanotum with distinct transverse carina subposteriorly (Fig. 8 in van Achterberg 2006; Fig. 56), and rather acute dorsally (Figs. 6, l.c.); first metasomal tergite of both sexes swollen subbasally and 1.8–2.4 × as long as its maximum width, in lateral view comparatively wide (Figs 49, 52, 53, 57); face rather coarsely (rugose-) punctate medio-dorsally (Fig. 55); antenna of both sexes black ventrally (Fig. 55); propodeum usually steep posteriorly (Figs 49, 51, 57).................................................. 9
- Scutellum without distinctly transverse subposterior carina, absent or widely interrupted (Fig. 28); lamellae between antennal sockets smooth or punctulate; metanotum without distinct transverse carina subposteriorly (Fig. 28), and rounded dorsally (Fig. 33); first tergite slender subbasally and of ♀ 2.7–3.0 (♂: 2.3–2.6) × as long as its maximum width, in lateral view slender (Fig 30); face smooth or finely punctate medio-dorsally, similar to sublateral sculpture or weaker; ventrally antenna of ♀ brown to dark brown and of ♂ black to dark brown; propodeum gradually rounded posteriorly (Fig. 34).................... 11
9 First tergite strongly constricted subapically in dorsal view, its maximum width twice its minimum width; pterostigma 3.6–3.8 × as long as wide; [palpi infuscate; only ♂ known]; Japan ............................. H. yezoensis Kusigemati, 1987
- First tergite less constricted apically in dorsal view, its maximum width 1.5–1.7 × its minimum width; pterostigma 2.9–3.6 × as long as wide........................................................................................ 10
10 Hypopygium of ♀ punctate-reticulate (especially basally); scutellum moderately convex in lateral view; first metasomal tergite only coarsely punctate dorsally; wing membrane hyaline; [only known from ♀ holotype]; NE China (Heilongjiang)........................................................................ H. heilongjiangensis He & Xu, 2015
- Hypopygium of ♀ only punctate (Fig. 49); scutellum less convex in lateral view (Figs 49, 51); first tergite more or less rugose dorsally (Fig. 53); wing membrane slightly infuscated (Figs 49, 57); China ((Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Zhejiang), Holarctic, NE Oriental............ H. anomalipes (Panzer, 1798)
11 Hind coxa (as femur, trochanter and trochantellus) pale yellowish (Figs 25, 31, 37); vein 2-SR of fore wing slender and straight, and base of SR1 not widened (Figs 25, 36, 37, 43); [first tergite 3.0–3.6 × longer than high in lateral view (Figs 34, 41); pterostigma 3.4–3.8 × as long as wide (Figs 36, 43)]......................................................... 12
- Hind coxa (as most of femur, trochanter and trochantellus) black; vein 2-SR of fore wing widened and slightly curved (but straight in H. alborzicus) and base of SR1 widened; [first tergite 2.3–3.5 × longer than high in lateral view (Fig. 12 in van Achterberg 2006)].................................................................................... 13
12 Pterostigma of ♀ (Figs 25, 36) much paler than that of ♂ (Figs 37, 43); apex of pterostigma of ♀ much paler than vein 1-R1 (Figs 25, 36); East Palaearctic: NW China (Shaanxi)....................................... H. caii He & Xu, 2015
Pterostigma of both sexes entirely brown; apex of pterostigma of ♀ and vein 1-R1 similarly coloured; Oriental: Indonesia (Sulawesi)............................................................... H. celebensis van Achterberg, 2006
13 First tergite robust in lateral view and 2.3–2.7 × as long as wide; frons laterally more or less densely punctate; middle lobe of mesoscutum and vertex moderately shiny; Palaearctic (but not recorded from China), North Oriental................................................................................................. H. striolatus Cameron, 1906
- First tergite slender and 3.1–3.5 × as long as wide in lateral view (similar to tergite of H. caii); frons laterally largely smooth; middle lobe of mesoscutum and vertex smooth............................................................. 14
14 First metasomal tergite subparallel-sided in lateral view; hind trochanter, trochantellus and tarsus yellow; middle lobe of mesoscutum and vertex moderately shiny; Afrotropical............................... H. elgoni Risbec, 1950 re-instated
- First metasomal tergite narrowed posteriorly in lateral view; hind trochanter, trochantellus and tarsus black or dark brown; middle lobe of mesoscutum and vertex very shiny; [= H. xinjiangensis He & Xu, [June] 2015, syn. n.]; Palaearctic: Iran, NW China (Xinjiang)................................... H. alborzicus Izadizadeh, van Achterberg & Talebi, [April] 2015
description: Published as part of Zhang, Ruo-Nan, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tian, Xiao-Xia, He, Cheng-Yi & Tan, Jiang-Li, 2020, Sexual variation in two species of Helorus Latreille (Hymenoptera, Heloridae) from NW China, with description of female of Helorus caii He & Xu, pp. 570-584 in Zootaxa 4821 (3) on pages 571-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4821.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4401118