cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Einstein-Horndeski gravity and the ultra slowly evaporating black hole
Creators: name: Liang, Xiao
name: An, Yu-Sen
name: Wu, Chen-Hao
name: Hu, Ya-Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the evaporation behaviors of asymptotically flat charged black holes in the Einstein-Horndeski gravity theory. Based on the thermodynamics of the Horndeski black hole, we present a physical understanding of the scalar charge of the Horndeski black hole and also clarify its connection to the Einstein vector theory. As the presence of non-minimal coupling, the evaporating behaviors of the Horndeski black hole are vastly different from the Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) black hole case. Due to the different spacetime and electric field structures, the evaporation rate of the Horndeski black hole will slow down at the late stage of evaporation and thus gain a lifetime much longer than the RN black hole. These results illuminate the effect of non-minimally coupled matters on the black hole evaporation and provide clues to search for these matter fields in future observations.
description: 9 pages 3 figures
Diptilomiopus languasi
Creators: name: Xue, Xiao-Feng
name: Zhang, Zhi-Qiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Diptilomiopidae
Diptilomiopus
Diptilomiopus languasi

description: Diptilomiopus languasi (Boczek, 1991)
 Vilaia languasi Boczek in Chandrapatya & Boczek, 1991b: 437–438, plate 2.
 Diptilomiopus languasi; Hong & Zhang, 1997: 323.
 Host. Languas galanga (Zingiberaceae).
 Habit. Vagrant.
 Distribution. Thailand (Bangkok).
description: Published as part of Xue, Xiao-Feng & Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, 2009, 2257, pp. 1-128 in Zootaxa 2257 on page 95
Froissart bound for/from CFT Mellin amplitudes
Creators: name: Haldar, Parthiv
name: Sinha, Aninda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive bounds analogous to the Froissart bound for the absorptive part of CFT$_d$ Mellin amplitudes. Invoking the AdS/CFT correspondence, these amplitudes correspond to scattering in AdS$_{d+1}$. We can take a flat space limit of the corresponding bound. We find the standard Froissart-Martin bound, including the coefficient in front for $d+1=4$ being $π/μ^2$, $μ$ being the mass of the lightest exchange. For $d>4$, the form is different. We show that while for $CFT_{d\leq 6}$, the number of subtractions needed to write a dispersion relation for the Mellin amplitude is equal to 2, for $CFT_{d>6}$ the number of subtractions needed is greater than 2 and goes to infinity as $d$ goes to infinity.
description: v4:31 pages, 1 figure, typos fixed and more clarifications added, prepared for submission to Scipost
title: Introdution
Creators: name: Ellison, Maria
name: Morgado, Margarida
name: Coelho, Margarida
Publisher: name: CETAPS, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
Year: 2024

description: Introduction
description: Coelho, Margarida, Morgado, Margarida, Ellison, Maria (2024) “Introduction” e-TEALS, 16, pp. 3-4. ISSN 1647-721X
Hyōkaku kidan
漂客奇談
Creators: name: Yoshida, Bunji
Publisher: name: [place of publication unknown : publisher not identified]
Year: 2021

description: Cover attached; cover title same as map. Contents: 萬治郎所製全圖略寫 Manjiō shosei zenzu ryakusha (Rough copy of general map depicted by Manjirō). -- 18.7 x 15 cm. -- Outline map of North and South America showing Manjirō’s route, on p. 68. Manjirō and three other sailors were rescued by an American whaler in 1841 and taken to the United States where they remained until 1852.
Breaking of Josephson junction oscillations and onset of quantum turbulence in Bose--Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Griffin, Adam
name: Nazarenko, Sergey
name: Proment, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the formation and the dynamics of quantum turbulence in a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate with a Josephson junction barrier modelled using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We show that a sufficiently high initial superfluid density imbalance leads to randomisation of the dynamics and generation of turbulence, namely, the formation of a quasi-1D dispersive shock consisting of a train of grey solitons that eventually breakup into chains of distinct quantised vortices of alternating vorticity followed by random turbulent flow. The Josephson junction barrier allows us to create two turbulent regimes: acoustic turbulence on one side and vortex turbulence on the other. Throughout the dynamics, a key mechanism for mixing these two regimes is the transmission of vortex dipoles through the barrier: we analyse this scattering process in terms of the barrier parameters, sound emission and vortex annihilation. Finally, we discuss how the vortex turbulence evolves for long times, presenting the optimal configurations for the density imbalance and barrier height in order to create the desired turbulent regimes which last as long as possible.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures
OMONIM VA POLISEMANTIK SO'ZLAR
Creators: name: Nurmatova, Zubayda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Polisemantik so'zlar va omonimlar o'zbek tilida ham muhim leksik hodisalar hisoblanadi. Polisemantik so'zlar bir so'zning turli, ammo o'zaro bog'liq ma'nolarini ifodalaydi. Masalan, "bosh" so'zi insonning bosh qismini, shuningdek rahbar yoki yetakchi ma'nolarini anglatishi mumkin. Bu ma'nolar o'rtasida mantiqiy bog'liqlik mavjud. Omonimlar esa bir xil talaffuz va yozilishga ega bo'lgan, ammo ma'nolari o'rtasida bog'liqlik bo'lmagan so'zlardir. Misol uchun, "ot" so'zi hayvonni ham, fe'l turkumidagi so'zni ham anglatishi mumkin. O'zbek tilshunosligida bu ikki hodisa o'rtasidagi farqlarni aniqlash va ularning til tizimidagi o'rnini belgilash muhim tadqiqot yo'nalishlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Bu hodisalar tilning lug'at boyligini oshirish va ifoda imkoniyatlarini kengaytirishda muhim rol o'ynaydi.
MOESM3 of Agreement of antenatal care indicators from self-reported questionnaire and the antenatal care card of women in the 2015 Pelotas birth cohort, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Creators: name: Morón-Duarte, Lina
name: Varela, Andrea Ramirez
name: Bassani, Diego
name: Bertoldi, Andrea
name: Marlos Domingues
name: Wehrmeister, Fernando
name: Silveira, Mariangela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Questionnaire items and the antenatal care card variables.
Regularization of a three-body problem with zero-range potentials
Creators: name: Fedorov, D. V.
name: Jensen, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a coordinate-space regularization of the three-body problem with zero-range potentials. We include the effective range and the shape parameter in the boundary condition of the zero-range potential. The proposed extended zero-range model is tested against atomic helium trimers and is shown to provide an adequate quantitative description of these systems.
Relating surface and bed properties of Antarctic ice streams
Creators: name: De Rydt, Jan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2011

description: Theoretical models predict that fast-flowing ice streams transmit information about their bedrock topography most efficiently to the surface for two distinct windows of length-scales. Previous studies have shown a good transfer for basal undulations with wavelengths longer than 103 ice thicknesses. In addition, a local maximum in the theoretical transfer function appears for intermediate wavelengths between 1 and 20 ice thicknesses. So far, however, no experimental evidence for this important transfer at intermediate wavelengths has been obtained. In our work we use recently acquired radar data for the Rutford Ice Stream and Evans Ice Stream to provide the first experimental confirmation for this theoretical prediction, and show that fast-flowing ice is highly transparent to bedrock irregularities with wavelengths between 1 and 20 ice thicknesses. The amplitude of this local maximum depends on various flow parameters such as Glen's flow law exponent and the slip ratio, i.e., the ratio between mean basal sliding velocity and mean deformational velocity. We find that higher values of the slip ratio generally lead to a more efficient transfer. Our results underline the importance of bedrock topography for ice stream dynamics, and exclude basal slipperiness as the only determining factor for variations in the flow regime and surface topography. In the second part of this work, we address the role of the basal sliding law in statistical inversion methods that use surface data (topography and velocity) to obtain information about the basal slipperiness distribution and bed topography. We show that different sliding laws generally lead to the retrieval of different but equally realistic basal conditions. Since the correct form of the sliding law is still disputed, the use of inversion methods to obtain unambiguous information about the bed therefore remains problematic.
Diptilomiopus melastomae
Creators: name: Xue, Xiao-Feng
name: Zhang, Zhi-Qiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Diptilomiopidae
Diptilomiopus
Diptilomiopus melastomae

description: Diptilomiopus melastomae (Boczek & Chandrapatya, 2002)
 Vilaia melastomae Boczek & Chandrapatya, 2002: 31, 32–33.
 Diptilomiopus melastomae; Craemer et al., 2005: 135.
 Host. Melastoma normale (Melastomaceae).
 Habit. Vagrant.
 Distribution. Thailand (Chiang Mai).
description: Published as part of Xue, Xiao-Feng & Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, 2009, 2257, pp. 1-128 in Zootaxa 2257 on page 95
Theoretical studies of compressed xenon oxides, tin selenide thermoelectrics, and defects in graphene
Creators: name: Worth, Nicholas Gower
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Structure prediction
vibrational properties
anharmonic
physics
condensed matter
solid state
high pressure
geochemistry
xenon oxides
xenon
structure
thermoelectrics
graphene
defects
tin selenide
VSCF
AIRSS

description: Enormous advances in computing power in recent decades have made it possible to perform accurate numerical simulations of a wide range of systems in condensed matter physics. At the forefront of this progress has been density functional theory (DFT), a very popular approach to tackling the complexity of quantum-mechanical systems that very often strikes a good balance between accuracy and tractability in light of the finite computational resources available to researchers. This thesis describes work utilising DFT methods to tackle two distinct problems. Firstly, the theoretical prediction of stable and metastable periodic structures under specified conditions using the ab initio random structure searching (AIRSS) method, which involves a large scale exploration of the Born-Oppenheimer energy surface, and secondly the use of a vibrational self-consistent field (VSCF) approach to investigate the effects of nuclear motion and anharmonicity in crystal systems, which involves a local exploration of the Born-Oppenheimer energy surface. The AIRSS crystal structure prediction method is here applied to a study of defect structures in graphene. It is also applied to a study of the xenon-oxygen binary system under a range of geological pressures (83–200 GPa). Novel xenon oxide structures are predicted and characterised theoretically. This work was carried out in collaboration with an experimental study of the system at the lower end of the pressure range. The VSCF approach to investigating anharmonicity is here applied to the study of tin selenide (SnSe), a material that has recently been shown to demonstrate consider- able promise as a thermoelectric material. In this thesis, the effects of the anharmonic nuclear motion on the vibrational and electronic properties of SnSe are investigated quantitatively.
description: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) studentship
Fundamental Decompositions and Multistationarity of Power-Law Kinetic Systems
Creators: name: Hernandez, Bryan S.
name: Mendoza, Eduardo R.
name: Reyes, Aurelio A. de los
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The fundamental decomposition of a chemical reaction network (also called its "$\mathscr{F}$-decomposition") is the set of subnetworks generated by the partition of its set of reactions into the "fundamental classes" introduced by Ji and Feinberg in 2011 as the basis of their "higher deficiency algorithm" for mass action systems. The first part of this paper studies the properties of the $\mathscr{F}$-decomposition, in particular, its independence (i.e., the network's stoichiometric subspace is the direct sum of the subnetworks' stoichiometric subspaces) and its incidence-independence (i.e., the image of the network's incidence map is the direct sum of the incidence maps' images of the subnetworks). We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for these properties and identify network classes where the $\mathscr{F}$-decomposition coincides with other known decompositions. The second part of the paper applies the above-mentioned results to improve the Multistationarity Algorithm for power-law kinetic systems (MSA), a general computational approach that we introduced in previous work. We show that for systems with non-reactant determined interactions but with an independent $\mathscr{F}$-decomposition, the transformation to a dynamically equivalent system with reactant-determined interactions -- required in the original MSA -- is not necessary. We illustrate this improvement with the subnetwork of Schmitz's carbon cycle model recently analyzed by Fortun et al.
EDM: An Ultra-Low Latency Ethernet Fabric for Memory Disaggregation
Creators: name: Su, Weigao
name: Shrivastav, Vishal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Operating Systems (cs.OS)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Achieving low remote memory access latency remains the primary challenge in realizing memory disaggregation over Ethernet within the datacenters. We present EDM that attempts to overcome this challenge using two key ideas. First, while existing network protocols for remote memory access over the Ethernet, such as TCP/IP and RDMA, are implemented on top of the MAC layer, EDM takes a radical approach by implementing the entire network protocol stack for remote memory access within the Physical layer (PHY) of the Ethernet. This overcomes fundamental latency and bandwidth overheads imposed by the MAC layer, especially for small memory messages. Second, EDM implements a centralized, fast, in-network scheduler for memory traffic within the PHY of the Ethernet switch. Inspired by the classic Parallel Iterative Matching (PIM) algorithm, the scheduler dynamically reserves bandwidth between compute and memory nodes by creating virtual circuits in the PHY, thus eliminating queuing delay and layer 2 packet processing delay at the switch for memory traffic, while maintaining high bandwidth utilization. Our FPGA testbed demonstrates that EDM's network fabric incurs a latency of only $\sim$300 ns for remote memory access in an unloaded network, which is an order of magnitude lower than state-of-the-art Ethernet-based solutions such as RoCEv2 and comparable to emerging PCIe-based solutions such as CXL. Larger-scale network simulations indicate that even at high network loads, EDM's average latency remains within 1.3$\times$ its unloaded latency.
description: Accepted to ASPLOS 2025
Experimental study on the bifurcation of a density oscillator depending on density difference
Creators: name: Ito, Hiroaki
name: Itasaka, Taisuke
name: Takeda, Nana
name: Kitahata, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrodynamic instabilities often cause spatio-temporal pattern formations and transitions between them. We investigate a model experimental system, a density oscillator, where the bifurcation from a resting state to an oscillatory state is triggered by the increase in the density difference of the two fluids. Our results show that the oscillation amplitude increases from zero and the period decreases above a critical density difference. The detailed data close to the bifurcation point provide a critical exponent consistent with the supercritical Hopf bifurcation.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
The HELLAS2XMM survey: II. Multiwavelength observations of P3: an X-ray bright, optically inactive galaxy
Creators: name: Comastri, A.
name: Mignoli, M.
name: Ciliegi, P.
name: Severgnini, P.
name: Maiolino, R.
name: Brusa, M.
name: Fiore, F.
name: Baldi, A.
name: Molendi, S.
name: Morganti, R.
name: Vignali, C.
name: La Franca, F.
name: Matt, G.
name: Perola, G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent X-ray surveys have clearly demonstrated that a population of optically dull, X-ray bright galaxies is emerging at 2-10 keV fluxes of the order of 10^{-14} erg cm^{-2} s^{-1}. Although they might constitute an important fraction of the sources responsible for the hard X-ray background, their nature is still unknown. With the aim to better understand the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed properties, we have started an extensive program of multiwavelength follow-up observations of hard X-ray, optically quiet galaxies discovered with XMM-Newton. Here we report the results of what can be considered the first example of this class of objects: CXOUJ031238.9-765134, originally discovered by Chandra, and optically identified by Fiore et al. (2000) with an apparently normal early-type galaxy at z=0.159, usually known as "FIORE P3". The analysis of the broad-band energy distribution suggests the presence of a heavily obscured active nucleus.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures included, LaTeX emulateapj5.sty, accepted for publication by The Astrophysical Journal
MOESM1 of Comparative risk of malignancies and infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis initiating abatacept versus other biologics: a multi-database real-world study
Creators: name: Simon, Teresa
name: Boers, Maarten
name: Hochberg, Marc
name: Baker, Nicole
name: Skovron, Mary
name: Nitesh Ray
name: Sanket Singhal
name: Suissa, Samy
name: Gomez-Caminero, Andres
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1:. Statistical analyses: variable selection for models. Supplementary tables. (DOCX 39 kb)
Beyond mean-field corrections to the quasiparticle spectrum of superfluid Fermi gases
Creators: name: Van Loon, Senne
name: Tempere, Jacques
name: Kurkjian, Hadrien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the fermionic quasiparticle branch of superfluid Fermi gases in the BCS-BEC crossover and calculate the quasiparticle lifetime and energy shift due to its coupling with the collective mode. The only close-to-resonance process that low-energy quasiparticles can undergo at zero temperature is the emission of a bosonic excitation from the phononic branch. Close to the minimum of the branch we find that the quasiparticles remain undamped, allowing us to compute corrections to experimentally relevant quantities such as the energy gap, location of the minimum, effective mass, and Landau critical velocity.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Localized states in monitored quantum walks
Creators: name: Ziegler, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study localized states in a monitored evolution on a finite graph and how they are distinguished from the delocalized states in terms of the transition probabilities and the mean transition times. Monitoring is performed by repeated projective measurements with respect to a single quantum state. Our constructive approach is based on a mapping from a set of energy levels and an eigenvector basis onto the monitored evolution matrix. The eigenvalues of the latter are distributed over the complex unit disk and the corresponding transition probabilities decay quickly in the quantum Zeno regime at frequent measurements. A localized basis favors the return to the initial state, while a delocalized basis favors transitions between different states. This provides a practical criterion to identify localized states by measuring the mean transition time.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Constructing spherically symmetric Einstein-Dirac systems with multiple spinors: Ansatz, wormholes and other analytical solutions
Creators: name: Blázquez-Salcedo, Jose Luis
name: Knoll, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a detailed calculation of an Ansatz that allows to obtain spherically symmetric Einstein-Dirac configurations in $d$-dimensions. We show that this is possible by combining $2^{\lfloor \frac{d-2}{2} \rfloor}$ Dirac fields, making use of the properties of the angular dependence of the spinors in a spherical background. By applying this Ansatz, we investigate some simple analytical solutions. One of them is a regular wormhole supported by the Dirac fields. Other solutions include a pathological black hole and a naked singularity. We analyze the domain of existence and properties of all these solutions.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures; v2 matches published version
Odd triplet superconductivity in superconductor/ferromagnet multilayered structures
Creators: name: Volkov, A. F.
name: Bergeret, F. S.
name: Efetov, K. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that in multilayered superconductor-ferromagnet structures a non-collinear alignment of the magnetizations of different ferromagnetic layers generates a triplet superconducting condensate which is odd in frequency. This triplet condensate coexists in the superconductors with the conventional singlet one but decays very slowly in the ferromagnet, which should lead to a large Josephson effect between the superconductors separated by the ferromagnet. Depending on the mutual direction of the ferromagnetic moments the Josephson coupling can be both of 0 and $π$ type.
description: 4 pages;replaced with revised version
Probing dark sectors with long-lived particles at BELLE II
Creators: name: Filimonova, Anastasiia
name: Schäfer, Ruth
name: Westhoff, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new search for light scalar singlets in rare meson decays. For tiny interactions, the scalar is long-lived at detector scales and decays into displaced pairs of leptons or light mesons. We show that Belle II has a remarkable potential to probe scalars in the GeV range with couplings as small as $10^{-5}$. The predicted sensitivity is higher than at the long-baseline experiments FASER and NA62. We also investigate signatures of invisibly decaying scalars in rare meson decays with missing energy.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; matches the version published in Physical Review D
Novel processes for preparing high-purity anhydrous YCl3 and Mg-Y alloys
Creators: name: Pan, Binfeng
name: Liu, Jie
name: Zhang, Zhimin
name: Lu, Xuchen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The process for preparing high-purity anhydrous yttrium chloride was investigated using a complex salt containing an excess of yttrium oxychloride. By studying the conversion of yttrium oxychloride, it was determined that the key to preparing high-purity anhydrous yttrium chloride lay in the synergistic actions of gas-solid and solid-solid reactions. On this basis, a purity control strategy involving the adjustment of the height-diameter ratio of the sample was proposed to inhibit hydrolysis and enhance the conversion rate. By adopting the purity control strategy, high-purity anhydrous yttrium chloride with a yttrium oxychloride content below 0.1 wt.% was obtained at 600°C when the height-diameter ratio of the samples exceeded 1.42. Finally, the experiments on preparing Mg-Y alloys through molten salt electrolysis validated the impact of the YCl3 purity on the electrolysis process. When the high-purity anhydrous yttrium chloride obtained by this strategy was utilized, the current efficiency could reach 83.7%.
Development and application of correlative STED and AFM to investigate neuronal cells
Creators: name: Curry, Nathan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Super-resolution
superresolution
Microscopy
STED
Stimulated emission depletion microscopy
RESOLFT
AFM
Atomic force microscopy
Correlative imaging
Fluorescence
astrocytes
connexin 30
astroglia
alpha-synuclein
neurodegeneration

description: Over the past three decades in cellular neuroscience there has been a shift towards the view of the ``tripartite synapse'', where, astrocytes -- as well as the pre-synapse and post-synapse -- are involved in synaptic signalling. The migration of astrocytes to form branched networks in the brain is, therefore, of great interest in understanding brain development and neuronal function. Migration is a complex interplay between cytoskeletal reorganisation and cell mechanical stiffness. In order to improve understanding of this process, correlative measurements of cytoskeletal organisation and mechanical stiffness are required. To investigate astrocyte migration a technique combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) with stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy was developed. First a custom STED microscope was developed. To facilitate the design of this system the theoretical performance of a range of STED techniques (cw-STED, time-gated STED, pulsed STED and RESOLFT) were compared, identifying that pulsed STED theoretically has the highest photon efficiency. A pulsed STED microscope, which uses adaptive optics, was then designed, developed and characterised. The microscope was found to achieve resolutions below 50 nm. The STED microscope was combined with a commercial AFM to study live cells. Using the recently developed SiR-actin and SiR-tubulin dyes and AFM probes optimised for live cell mechanical property studies, images of the actin and tubulin cytoskeleton were correlated with AFM topography and mechanical stiffness measurements. It was found that, in astrocytes, actin contributes significantly both to astrocyte stiffness and topography. Investigations of migrating cells showed differences in actin organisation and mechanical stiffness between the basis and leading edge of migration. A further study was performed, investigating the effects of the gap-junction protein connexin30, which is expressed during the early stages of brain development, on migration. This protein was found to inhibit the actin reorganisation and mechanical stiffness changes observed in basal conditions. Overall the combination of mechanosensitive AFM measurements with advanced microscopy, such as super-resolution, on live cells is a promising approach which will enable a range of investigations, for instance when studying cell structural remodeling during brain development or tumorigenesis.
description: Centre for doctoral training in photonic systems development
Diptilomiopus meliae
Creators: name: Xue, Xiao-Feng
name: Zhang, Zhi-Qiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Diptilomiopidae
Diptilomiopus
Diptilomiopus meliae

description: Diptilomiopus meliae (Boczek, 1998)
 Vilaia meliae Boczek in Boczek & Chandrapatya, 1998b: 35–36, 38.
 Diptilomiopus meliae; Craemer et al., 2005: 135.
 Host. Melia azadirach (Meliaceae).
 Habit. Vagrant.
 Distribution. Thailand (Phichit).
description: Published as part of Xue, Xiao-Feng & Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, 2009, 2257, pp. 1-128 in Zootaxa 2257 on page 95
Coordination Cages for the Separation and Transportation of Molecular Cargo
Creators: name: Grommet, Angela B.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: coordination cages
supramolecular chemistry
host-guest chemistry
phase transfer
ionic liquids
molecular separations

description: The first chapter of this thesis introduces the fundamental concepts governing the design and synthesis of supramolecular complexes. By illustrating the synthesis of several coordination cages reported in the literature, the principles underlying the construction of coordination cages by subcomponent self-assembly are elucidated. Ionic liquids are then proposed as solvents for cage systems; general methods for the preparation and synthesis of these solvents are described. The second chapter explores the use of ionic liquids as solvents for existing coordination cages. Potential methods of characterising these cages in ionic liquids are discussed; cages are demonstrated to be stable and capable of encapsulating guests in these ionic environments; and systems in which cages have good solubility in ionic liquids are designed. Building upon these observations, a triphasic sorting system is presented such that each of three different host-guest complexes are soluble in only one of three immiscible liquid phases. In contrast to the static triphasic system described in the second chapter, the third chapter explores directed phase transfer of coordination cages and their cargos from water, across a phase interface, and into an ionic liquid phase. The host-guest complex can then be recycled from the ionic liquid layer back into water after several additional steps. Furthermore, phase transfer of cationic cages is used to separate a mixture of cationic and anionic host-guest complexes. In the fourth chapter, fully reversible phase transfer of coordination cages is developed. Using anion exchange to modulate the solubility of three different cationic cages, reversible transport between water and ethyl acetate is demonstrated. Sequential phase transfer can also be achieved such that, from a mixture of cubic (+16) and tetrahedral (+8) cages, the cubic cage transfers from water to ethyl acetate before the tetrahedral cage. This process is fully reversible; upon the addition of a hydrophilic anion, the tetrahedral cage returns from ethyl acetate to water before the cubic cage.
description: This work was supported by the European Research Council (259352 and 695009). A.B.G. also acknowledges the Cambridge Trusts for PhD funding.
Diptilomiopus musae Chandrapatya 1998
Creators: name: Xue, Xiao-Feng
name: Zhang, Zhi-Qiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Diptilomiopidae
Diptilomiopus
Diptilomiopus musae

description: Diptilomiopus musae Chandrapatya, 1998
 Diptilomiopus musae Chandrapatya in Chandrapatya & Boczek, 1998: 45-46.
 Host. Musa sapientum (Musaceae).
 Habit. Vagrant.
 Distribution. Thailand (Kamphaeng Phet).
description: Published as part of Xue, Xiao-Feng & Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, 2009, 2257, pp. 1-128 in Zootaxa 2257 on page 95
INTENSIFIED LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA
Creators: name: Shapiro, Barry
name: Shapiro, Barry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Security and Poverty
Livestock Production/Industries

description: If the viability and sustainability of smallholder agriculture is to be maintained and food security is to be enhanced in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), intensified, market-oriented livestock production needs to be promoted. This paper presents empirical evidence to support this contention. Twenty-five years ago there were half as many people in SSA as there are today and population is projected to increase by 2.6 times to 1,294 million in 2050. Growing population pressure on land in combination with traditional methods of farming (little use of modern inputs and low yielding crop varieties and low productivity breeds of livestock) lead to unsustainable practices that degrade land resources. Such practices result in low per capita food output and inadequate income to acquire sufficient food to ensure food security for many small-scale farmers. Shifting cultivation and nomadic pastoralism were appropriate responses to ample land and scarce capital. Growing competition for land between crop and livestock farmers, limited access to technology and inputs, and absence of properly functioning markets then led to mixed crop-livestock farming systems as efficient and sustainable methods of food production. These traditional practices, however, are not sustainable in the face of increasing population pressure and do not make sufficient impact on food security. Major changes in the methods of production, including genetic improvement, are required. Crop improvement leads to higher yields making more food available, but does not improve farmers' access to food much since it has little impact on incomes. When yields are up, prices usually decline due to the low-income elasticity for cereals. Attention has to be shifted from food production to an emphasis on improving the purchasing power of families at risk of malnutrition. This can be accomplished through intensification of livestock activities, which increase cash incomes. More than half the population is expected to live in urban areas of SSA in 2050. Urbanisation increases demand for food of animal origin and provides an impetus for intensified, marketoriented livestock production such as using crossbreeding goats or cattle for dairy and/or meat production. Theory distinguishes two types of food insecurity - chronic and transitory. Market-oriented livestock activities have potential to improve both chronic and transitory food insecurity by providing more food, by raising purchasing power (via higher incomes from sales of livestock products) and by improving the stability of both production and income to ensure availability and access to food.
Constraints on the physical properties of Type Ia supernovae from photometry
Creators: name: Konyves-Toth, R.
name: Vinko, J.
name: Ordasi, A.
name: Sarneczky, K.
name: Bodi, A.
name: Cseh, B.
name: Csornyei, G.
name: Dencs, Z.
name: Hanyecz, O.
name: Ignacz, B.
name: Kalup, Cs.
name: Kriskovics, L.
name: Pal, A.
name: Seli, B.
name: Sodor, A.
name: Szakats, R.
name: Szekely, P.
name: Varga-Verebelyi, E.
name: Vida, K.
name: Zsidi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a photometric study of 17 Type Ia supernovae (SNe) based on multi-color (Bessell BVRI) data taken at Piszkesteto mountain station of Konkoly Observatory, Hungary between 2016 and 2018. We analyze the light curves (LCs) using the publicly available LC-fitter SNooPy2 to derive distance and reddening information. The bolometric LCs are fit with a radiation-diffusion Arnett-model to get constraints on the physical parameters of the ejecta: the optical opacity, the ejected mass and the expansion velocity in particular. We also study the pre-maximum (B-V) color evolution by comparing our data with standard delayed detonation and pulsational delayed detonation models, and show that the Ni56 masses of the models that fit the (B-V) colors are consistent with those derived from the bolometric LC fitting. We find similar correlations between the ejecta parameters (e.g. ejecta mass, or Ni56 mass vs decline rate) as published recently by Scalzo et al. (2019).
description: 28 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Break-Junction Tunneling on MgB_2
Creators: name: Schmidt, H.
name: Zasadzinski, J. F.
name: Gray, K. E.
name: Hinks, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunneling data on magnesium diboride, MgB_2, are reviewed with a particular focus on superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) junctions formed by a break-junction method. The collective tunneling literature reveals two distinct energy scales, a large gap, Delta_L~7.2 meV, close to the expected BCS value, and a small gap, Delta_S~2.4 meV. The SIS break junctions show clearly that the small gap closes near the bulk critical temperature, T_c=39 K. The SIS spectra allow proximity effects to be ruled out as the cause for the small gap and therefore make a strong case that MgB_2 is a coupled, two-band superconductor. While the break junctions sometimes reveal parallel contributions to the conductance from both bands, it is more often found that Delta_S dominates the spectra. In these cases, a subtle feature is observed near Delta_S+Delta_L that is reminiscent of strong-coupling effects. This feature is consistent with quasiparticle scattering contributions to the interband coupling which provides an important insight into the nature of two-band superconductivity in MgB_2.
description: 9 pages, 10 pictures, accepted for publication in a special issue of Physica C on MgB2, minor changes
Competition between Kondo and Kitaev Physics in Kitaev clusters coupled to a fermionic bath
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Tathagata
name: Rosch, Achim
name: Bulla, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geometrically frustrated quantum impurities coupled to metallic leads have been shown to exhibit rich behavior with a quantum phase transition separating Kondo screened and local moment phases. Frustration in the quantum impurity can alternatively be introduced via Kitaev-couplings between different spins of the impurity cluster. We use the Numerical Renormalization Group (NRG) to study a range of systems where the quantum impurity comprising a Kitaev cluster is coupled to a bath of non-interacting fermions. The models exhibits a competition between Kitaev and Kondo dominated physics depending on whether the Kitaev couplings are greater or less than the Kondo temperature. We characterize the ground state properties of the system and determine the temperature dependence of the crossover scale for the emergence of fractionalized degrees of freedom in the model. We also demonstrate qualitatively as well as quantitatively that in the Kondo limit, the complex impurity can be mapped to an effective two-impurity system, where the emergent spin $1/2$ comprises of both Majorana and flux degrees of freedom. For a tetrahedral-shaped Kitaev cluster, an extra orbital degree of freedom closely related to a flux degree of freedom remains unscreened even in the presence of both Heisenberg and Kondo interactions.
SUSTAINABLE USE OF EXISTING IRRIGATION WATER BODIES BY MEANS OF AQUACULTURE IN SOUTH AFRICA: A CASE STUDY
Creators: name: Salie, K.
name: Van Roey, L.
name: Hoffman, L.C.
name: Brink, D.
name: Salie, K.
name: Van Roey, L.
name: Hoffman, L.C.
name: Brink, D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: There are numerous water bodies in South Africa that have the potential to be utilised for aquaculture practices without an additional load being placed on water consumption. For example, the Western Cape has over 2 000 irrigation dams each with a water volume in excess of 500 000 m3 which are suitable for aquacultural activities and have the potential to produce an estimated 5 800t of freshwater fish per annum. The question that arises is whether the fish enrich or pollute the water relative to the primary function of that water, e.g. irrigation of high value crops such as table grapes and deciduous fruits destined for export. One of the major chemical compounds derived from an aquaculture industry causes an increase in the nitrogen content of the water, which is caused by both excess feed decomposition and fish metabolism. An intensive investigation of an integrated agricultureaquaculture project in the Western Cape showed no negative impact of the aquaculture activity on the water quality in terms of nitrogen, pH, turbidity, conductivity or total dissolved and suspended solids content. The aquaculture project delivered 4 500 kg of trout over a seven month growth period in a cage system which realised a return of 17.2% on the investment.
SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURE: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE WITH RESEARCH AND EXTENSION SERVICE AGENCIES
Creators: name: Akanji, O.O.
name: Balogun, E.D.
name: Akanji, O.O.
name: Balogun, E.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This study reviews the prospect of fostering sustainable agrarian growth through the activities of present research and extension service agencies. The analysis shows that very limited achievements stand to their credit in terms of attainment of set targets, capacity building, incentive administration, institutional viability and the relationship of their operations to the performance of the agricultural sector. Among the problems which undermine their efficiency and sustainability are weak human, institutional and management capacity. This' is coupled with undue government interference and lack of sustainable /14nding; propagation of modernisation technologies which tended to undermine traditional ,\ystems; and weak interrelationships and interactions between research and extension ~·ervice efforts and the dominant farming systems. The study concludes by charting a credible course for sustainability of these institutions as well as agrarian growth.
MOESM2 of Agreement of antenatal care indicators from self-reported questionnaire and the antenatal care card of women in the 2015 Pelotas birth cohort, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Creators: name: Morón-Duarte, Lina
name: Varela, Andrea Ramirez
name: Bassani, Diego
name: Bertoldi, Andrea
name: Marlos Domingues
name: Wehrmeister, Fernando
name: Silveira, Mariangela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Questionnaire contents and data collection tools, Pelotas 2015.
Large Momentum bounds from Flow Equations
Creators: name: Kopper, Christoph
name: Meunier, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the large momentum behaviour of 4-dimensional massive euclidean Phi-4-theory using the flow equations of Wilson's renormalization group. The flow equations give access to a simple inductive proof of perturbative renormalizability. By sharpening the induction hypothesis we prove new and, as it seems, close to optimal bounds on the large momentum behaviour of the correlation functions. The bounds are related to what is generally called Weinberg's theorem.
description: 14 pages
MOESM1 of Agreement of antenatal care indicators from self-reported questionnaire and the antenatal care card of women in the 2015 Pelotas birth cohort, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Creators: name: Morón-Duarte, Lina
name: Varela, Andrea Ramirez
name: Bassani, Diego
name: Bertoldi, Andrea
name: Marlos Domingues
name: Wehrmeister, Fernando
name: Silveira, Mariangela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Flowchart sample.
Chandra Observations of the QSO Pair Q2345+007: Binary Quasar or Massive Dark Lens?
Creators: name: Green, Paul J.
name: Kochanek, Chris
name: Siemiginowska, Aneta
name: Kim, Dong-Woo
name: Markevitch, Maxim
name: Silverman, John
name: Dosaj, Anil
name: Jannuzi, Buell T.
name: Smith, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The components of the wide (7.3") separation quasar pair Q2345+007A,B (z=2.15) have the most strikingly similar optical spectra seen to date (Steidel & Sargent 1991) yet no detected lensing mass, making this system the best candidate known for a massive (1e14 Msun) dark matter lens system. Here we present results from a 65ksec Chandra observation designed to investigate whether it is a binary quasar or a gravitational lens. We find no X-ray evidence for a lensing cluster to a (0.5-2keV) flux limit of 2e-15 cgs, which is consistent with lensing only for a reduced baryon fraction. Using the Chandra X-ray observations of the quasars themselves, together with new and published optical measurements, we use the observed emission properties of the quasars for further tests between the lens and binary hypotheses. Assuming similar line-of-sight absorption to the images, we find that their X-ray continuum slopes are inconsistent (Gamma_A=2.30 and Gamma_B=0.83) as are their X-ray to optical flux ratios. The probability that B suffers absorption sufficient to account for these spectral differences is negligible. We present new optical evidence that the flux ratio of the pair is variable, so the time-delay in a lens scenario could cause some of the discrepancies. However, adequately large variations in overall spectral energy distribution are rare in individual QSOs. All new evidence here weighs strongly toward the binary interpretation. Q2345+007 thus may represent the highest redshift example known of interaction-triggered but as-yet unmerged luminous AGN.
description: 15 pages, Latex, emulateapj style, including 3 tables and 5 figures. Accepted Feb 1, 2002 for publication in ApJ Main Journal. See also http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~pgreen/Papers.html