cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bihelical Magnetic Relaxation and Large Scale Magnetic Field Growth
Creators: name: Blackman, Eric G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A unified, three-scale system of equations accommodating nonlinear velocity driven helical dynamos, as well as time-dependent relaxation of magnetically dominated unihelical or bihelical systems is derived and solved herein. When opposite magnetic helicities of equal magnitude are injected on the intermediate and small scales, the large scale magnetic helicity grows kinematically (independent of the magnetic Reynolds number) to equal that on the intermediate scale. For both free and driven relaxation large scale fields are rapidly produced. Subsequently, a dissipation-limited dynamo, driven by growth of small scale kinetic helicity, further amplifies the large scale field. The results are important for astrophysical coronae fed with bihelical structures by dynamos in their host rotators. The large scale for the rotator corresponds to the intermediate scale for the corona. That bihelical magnetic relaxation can produce global scale fields may help to explain the formation of astrophysical coronal holes and magnetohydrodynamic outflows.
description: LaTeX, 29 pages including figures, version in press, Physics of Plasmas
On the Origin of Long-Lived Particles
Creators: name: Barron, Jared
name: Curtin, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MATHUSLA is a proposed large-volume displaced vertex (DV) detector, situated on the surface above CMS and designed to search for long-lived particles (LLPs) produced at the HL-LHC. We show that a discovery of LLPs at MATHUSLA would not only prove the existence of BSM physics, it would also uncover the theoretical origin of the LLPs, despite the fact that MATHUSLA gathers no energy or momentum information on the LLP decay products. Our analysis is simple and robust, making it easily generalizable to include more complex LLP scenarios, and our methods are applicable to LLP decays discovered in ATLAS, CMS, LHCb, or other external detectors. In the event of an LLP detection, MATHUSLA can act as a Level-1 trigger for the main detector, guaranteeing that the LLP production event is read out at CMS. We perform an LLP simplified model analysis to show that combining information from the MATHUSLA and CMS detectors would allow the LLP production mode topology to be determined with as few as $\sim 100$ observed LLP decays. Underlying theory parameters, like the LLP and parent particle masses, can also be measured with $\lesssim 10\%$ precision. Together with information on the LLP decay mode from the geometric properties of the observed DV, it is clear that MATHUSLA and CMS together will be able to characterize any newly discovered physics in great detail.
description: 35 pages, 14 figures plus references. v2: updated grant information
Four Core Genotypes mice harbour a 3.2MB X-Y translocation that perturbs Tlr7 dosage.
Creators: name: Panten, Jasper
name: Del Prete, Stefania
name: Cleland, James P
name: Saunders, Lauren M
name: van Riet, Job
name: Schneider, Anja
name: Ginno, Paul
name: Schneider, Nina
name: Koch, Marie-Luise
name: Chen, Xuqi
name: Gerstung, Moritz
name: Stegle, Oliver
name: Arnold, Arthur P
name: Turner, James MA
name: Heard, Edith
name: Odom, Duncan T
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: Stem Cells
subject: Stem Cells
classificationCode: Gene Expression
subject: Gene Expression
classificationCode: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Genetics & Genomics
classificationCode: Developmental Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
classificationCode: Genome Integrity & Repair
subject: Genome Integrity & Repair
classificationCode: Human Biology & Physiology
subject: Human Biology & Physiology
classificationCode: Model organisms
subject: Model organisms
classificationCode: Cell Biology
subject: Cell Biology
classificationCode: Cell Cycle & Chromosomes
subject: Cell Cycle & Chromosomes

description: The Four Core Genotypes (FCG) is a mouse model system used to disentangle the function of sex chromosomes and hormones. We report that a copy of a 3.2 MB region of the X chromosome has translocated to the YSry- chromosome and thus increased the expression of X-linked genes including the single-stranded RNA sensor and autoimmune disease mediator Tlr7. This previously-unreported X-Y translocation complicates the interpretation of studies reliant on C57BL/6J FCG mice.
Empirically evaluating multiagent reinforcement learning algorithms in repeated games
Creators: name: Lipson, Asher G.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation presents a platform for running experiments on multiagent reinforcement learning algorithms and an empirical evaluation that was conducted on the platform. The setting under consideration is game theoretic in which a single normal form game is repeatedly played. There has been a large body of work focusing on introducing new algorithms to achieve certain goals such as guaranteeing values in a game, converging to a Nash equilibrium or minimizing total regret. Currently, we have an understanding of how some of these algorithms work in limited settings, but lack a broader understanding of which algorithms perform well against each other and how they perform on a larger variety of games. We describe our development of a platform that allows large scale tests to be run, where multiple algorithms are played against one another on a variety of games. The platform has a set of builtin metrics that can be used to measure the performance of an algorithm, including convergence to a Nash equilibrium, regret, reward and number of wins. Visualising the results of the test can be automatically achieved through the platform, with all interaction taking place through graphical user interfaces. We also present the results of an empirical test that to our knowledge includes the largest combination of game instances and algorithms used in the multiagent learning literature. To demonstrate the usefulness of the platform, we provide evidence for a number of claims and hypotheses. This includes claims related to convergence to a Nash equilibrium, reward, regret and best response metrics and claims dealing with estimating an opponent's strategy. Some of our claims include that (1) no algorithm does best across all metrics and over all opponents, (2) algorithms do not often converge to an exact Nash equilibrium, but (3) do often reach a small window around a Nash equilibrium, (4) there is no apparent link between converging to a Nash equilibrium and obtaining high reward and (5) there is no linear trend between reward and the size of the game for any agent. The two major contributions of this work are a software platform for running large experimental tests and empirical results that provide insight into the performance of various algorithms.
Additional file 4 of Active and latent tuberculosis in refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Proença, Raquel
name: Souza, Fernanda Mattos
name: Mayara Lisboa Bastos
name: Rosângela Caetano
name: Braga, José Ueleres
name: Faerstein, Eduardo
name: Trajman, Anete
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. Key words used according to the bibliographic databases. Table S2. Structured search strategy according to PICOS axiom and bibliographic databases. Table S3. Studies included in the metanalyses for prevalence active tuberculosis (n = 10). Table S4. Studies included in the metanalyses for prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (n = 13). Chart S1. Prisma Checklist
Productivity in the Sheep Sector
Creators: name: Johnson, Robin
name: Johnson, Robin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Environmental Economics and Policy
Farm Management
Land Economics/Use
Livestock Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis

description: Previous papers at this conference over the years have dealt with trends in productivity in the total agricultural sector, the forestry sector and the dairy sector. Productivity indexes were developed by the Tornquist methodology that produces index numbers free of base year bias. Sources of data are the national accounts for the total agricultural and forestry sectors and designated farm surveys for the dairy and sheep sectors. The surveys are taken as representative of the whole in such calculations. In this paper we analyse the Meat and Wool Information Economic Service (MWI) survey of sheep and beef farms for the past 20 years and develop an index of whole farm productivity (total productivity) free of base year bias. Some technical comparisions are made with productivity trends in Landcorp which had a fairly similar product mix in the period concerned.
Additional file 1 of Influence of gender in monocrotaline and chronic hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension in obese rats and mice
Creators: name: Balram Neupane
name: Sydykov, Akylbek
name: Kabita Pradhan
name: Vroom, Christina
name: Herden, Christiane
name: Srikanth Karnati
name: Ghofrani, Hossein Ardeschir
name: Avdeev, Sergey
name: Ergün, Süleyman
name: Schermuly, Ralph Theo
name: Djuro Kosanovic
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Effects of obesity on echocardiographic parameters and pulmonary vascular remodeling in chronic hypoxia (HOX)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) in male B6 mice. Figure S2. Effects of obesity on echocardiographic parameters and pulmonary vascular remodeling in chronic hypoxia (HOX)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) in female B6 mice.
Is abundant A-to-I RNA editing primate-specific?
Creators: name: Eisenberg, Eli
name: Nemzer, Sergey
name: Kinar, Yaron
name: Sorek, Rotem
name: Rechavi, Gideon
name: Levanon, Erez Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A-To-I RNA editing is common to all eukaryotes, associated with various neurological functions. Recently, A-to-I editing was found to occur abundantly in the human transcriptome. Here we show that the frequency of A-to-I editing in humans is at least an order of magnitude higher as that of mouse, rat, chicken or fly. The extraordinary frequency of RNA editing in human is explained by the dominance of the primate-specific Alu element in the human transcriptome, which increases the number of double-stranded RNA substrates.
description: preprint version; final version available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2004.12.005
Projecting Livestock Numbers
Creators: name: Forbes, Rod
name: Gardiner, Peter
name: Forbes, Rod
name: Gardiner, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock numbers
subject: forecasting
subject: supply response

description: The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) undertakes forecasts and projections of livestock numbers as part of the twice yearly contribution to The Treasury’s economic and fiscal updates. MAF’s Pastoral Supply Response Model (PSRM) was recently re-developed and used for the first time in the Budget Economic and Fiscal Update round of 2004. The PSRM projects annual inventory numbers as at 30 June, births and livestock numbers for slaughter. The paper discusses the PSRM, the post-model adjustments process, and the feed through to a simplistic assessment of land use changes within pasture areas.
Quantitative test of thermal field theory for Bose-Einstein condensates II
Creators: name: Morgan, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently derived a gapless theory of the linear response of a Bose-condensed gas to external perturbations at finite temperature and used it to explain quantitatively the measurements of condensate excitations and decay rates made at JILA [D. S. Jin et.al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 764 (1997)]. The theory describes the dynamic coupling between the condensate and non-condensate via a full quasiparticle description of the time-dependent normal and anomalous averages and includes all Beliaev and Landau processes. In this paper we provide a full discussion of the numerical calculations and a detailed analysis of the theoretical results in the context of the JILA experiment. We provide unambiguous proof that the dipole modes are obtained accurately within our calculations and present quantitative results for the relative phase of the oscillations of the condensed and uncondensed atom clouds. One of the main difficulties in the implementation of the theory is obtaining results which are not sensitive to basis cutoff effects and we have therefore developed a novel asymmetric summation method which solves this problem and dramatically improves the numerical convergence. This new technique should make the implementation of the theory and its possible future extensions feasible for a wide range of condensate populations and trap geometries.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures, revtex 4. Submitted to PRA. Sequel to: S. A. Morgan et al, PRL, 91, 250403 (2003)
Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms for solving quantum chemistry in Hamiltonian-wavefunction space
Creators: name: Yuan, Zhan-Hao
name: Yin, Tao
name: Zhang, Dan-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational quantum eigensolver~(VQE) typically optimizes variational parameters in a quantum circuit to prepare eigenstates for a quantum system. Its applications to many problems may involve a group of Hamiltonians, e.g., Hamiltonian of a molecule is a function of nuclear configurations. In this paper, we incorporate derivatives of Hamiltonian into VQE and develop some hybrid quantum-classical algorithms, which explores both Hamiltonian and wavefunction spaces for optimization. Aiming for solving quantum chemistry problems more efficiently, we first propose mutual gradient descent algorithm for geometry optimization by updating parameters of Hamiltonian and wavefunction alternatively, which shows a rapid convergence towards equilibrium structures of molecules. We then establish differential equations that governs how optimized variational parameters of wavefunction change with intrinsic parameters of the Hamiltonian, which can speed up calculation of energy potential surface. Our studies suggest a direction of hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for solving quantum systems more efficiently by considering spaces of both Hamiltonian and wavefunction.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. Comments are welcome
The Influence of Rebate Programs on the Demand for Water Heaters: The Case of New South Wales
Creators: name: Wasi, Nada
name: Carson, Richard T.
name: Wasi, Nada
name: Carson, Richard T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Climate change mitigation
subject: Energy conservation programs
subject: Natural experiments
subject: Discrete choice experiments

description: In the past decade the Australian Federal government and state governments have established a wide range of programs to cut greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors. This paper examines the role of hot water system rebate programs in shifting the existing stock of electric water heaters toward more climate friendly versions using two unique data sets from New South Wales homeowners. The first data set is based on a survey of households who recently purchased a water heater and exploits a natural experiment created by the rebate program to quantify its effects. The other data set is based on a set of stated preference questions asked of households who own an older water heater and will in the reasonably near future face a replacement decision. We find that recent rebate programs significantly increased the share of solar/heat pump systems. For households without access to natural gas, this increased share comes directly from inefficient electric water heaters. For households with access to natural gas, older existing electric water heaters would likely have been replaced with gas water heaters in the absence of the rebate programs. The rebate program appears to be much less effective when water heaters are replaced on an emergency basis. Data from discrete choice experiments was analysed using several flexible choice models. A newly proposed model that combines a latent class approach with a random coefficients approach clearly dominates the other models in terms of statistical fit. Predictions based on this model estimate are reasonably consistent with actual purchase data. Results from it point to considerable heterogeneity with respect to household preferences toward different types of water heaters and with respect to the discount rates they hold.
A Faster Cryptographer's Conspiracy Santa
Creators: name: Bultel, Xavier
name: Dreier, Jannik
name: Dumas, Jean-Guillaume
name: Lafourcade, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In Conspiracy Santa, a variant of Secret Santa, a group of people offer each other Christmas gifts, where each member of the group receives a gift from the other members of the group. To that end, the members of the group form conspiracies, to decide on appropriate gifts, and usually divide the cost of each gift among all participants of that conspiracy. This requires to settle the shared expenses per conspiracy, so Conspiracy Santa can actually be seen as an aggregation of several shared expenses problems. First, we show that the problem of finding a minimal number of transaction when settling shared expenses is NP-complete. Still, there exist good greedy approximations. Second, we present a greedy distributed secure solution to Conspiracy Santa. This solution allows a group of n people to share the expenses for the gifts in such a way that no participant learns the price of his gift, but at the same time notably reduces the number of transactions to 2 $\times$ n + 1 with respect to a na{ï}ve aggregation of n $\times$ (n -- 2). Furthermore, our solution does not require a trusted third party, and can either be implemented physically (the participants are in the same room and exchange money using envelopes) or, over Internet, using a cryptocurrency.
Uncertainty Quantification and Deep Ensembles
Creators: name: Rahaman, Rahul
name: Thiery, Alexandre H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep Learning methods are known to suffer from calibration issues: they typically produce over-confident estimates. These problems are exacerbated in the low data regime. Although the calibration of probabilistic models is well studied, calibrating extremely over-parametrized models in the low-data regime presents unique challenges. We show that deep-ensembles do not necessarily lead to improved calibration properties. In fact, we show that standard ensembling methods, when used in conjunction with modern techniques such as mixup regularization, can lead to less calibrated models. This text examines the interplay between three of the most simple and commonly used approaches to leverage deep learning when data is scarce: data-augmentation, ensembling, and post-processing calibration methods. Although standard ensembling techniques certainly help boost accuracy, we demonstrate that the calibration of deep ensembles relies on subtle trade-offs. We also find that calibration methods such as temperature scaling need to be slightly tweaked when used with deep-ensembles and, crucially, need to be executed after the averaging process. Our simulations indicate that this simple strategy can halve the Expected Calibration Error (ECE) on a range of benchmark classification problems compared to standard deep-ensembles in the low data regime.
The two lowest eigenvalues of the harmonic oscillator in the presence of a Gaussian perturbation
Creators: name: Fassari, Silvestro
name: Nieto, Luis M.
name: Rinaldi, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note we consider a one-dimensional quantum mechanical particle constrained by a parabolic well perturbed by a Gaussian potential. As the related Birman-Schwinger operator is trace class, the Fredholm determinant can be exploited in order to compute the modified eigenenergies which differ from those of the harmonic oscillator due to the presence of the Gaussian perturbation. By taking advantage of Wang's results on scalar products of four eigenfunctions of the harmonic oscillator, it is possible to evaluate quite accurately the two lowest-lying eigenvalues as functions of the coupling constant $λ$.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Fractional charges and quantum phase transitions in imbalanced bilayer quantum Hall systems
Creators: name: Ye, Jinwu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the Composite Boson theory to study slightly im-balanced bi-layer Quantum Hall systems. In the global $ U(1) $ symmetry breaking excitonic superfluid side, as the imbalance increases, the system supports continuously changing fractional charges. In the translational symmetry breaking pseudo-spin density wave (PSDW) side, there are two quantum phase transitions from the commensurate PSDW to an in-commensurate PSDW and then to the excitonic superfluid state. We compare our theory with experimental data and also the previous microscopic calculations.
description: 4+ pages, 2 figures. 1 table, Final version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
How do chiral condensates affect color superconducting quark matter under charge neutrality constraints?
Creators: name: Abuki, H.
name: Kitazawa, M.
name: Kunihiro, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of the dynamical formation of the chiral condensates on color superconducting phases under the electric and color neutrality constraints at vanishing temperature. We shall show that the phase appearing next to the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase down in density depends on the strength of the diquark coupling. In particular, the gapless CFL (gCFL) phase is realized only in a weak coupling regime. We give a qualitative argument on why the gCFL phase in the weak coupling region is replaced by some other phases in the strong coupling, once the competition between dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and the Cooper pair formation is taken into account.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, Fig.3 is added for a discussion on the disappearance of the gapless CFL
Assessing national values to protect the health of the Great Barrier Reef
Creators: name: Rolfe, John
name: Windle, Jill
name: Rolfe, John
name: Windle, Jill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Distance decay
subject: Iconic resources
subject: Choice modelling experiment

description: The aim of this study was to estimate the values to protect the health of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) at the national level and to examine the effects of distance decay on valuation estimates. A split-sample choice-modelling experiment was conducted in six locations: a regional town within the GBR catchment area (Townsville); Brisbane, the state capital approximately 450 km from the southern limit of the GBR; and four other capital cities (Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth) ranging from nearly 1,000 km to over 4,000 km from Brisbane. The results suggest that the average WTP across Australian households is $21.68 per household per annum for five years. There was some evidence of distance decay in values. Most decline occurred once outside the home state, and little further decline once away from the east coast. There was no evidence to suggest any difference in patterns of use and non-use values. The values of the potential future users were most influential in determining WTP estimates.
Role-based refactoring of crosscutting concerns
Creators: name: Hannemann, Jan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Improving the structure of code can help developers work with a software system more efficiently and more consistently. Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) offers additional ways to structure software by providing explicit means to modularize crosscutting concerns (CCCs) in modularity units called aspects. With the advent of AOP, a new kind of structural improvement of software needs to be considered: the refactoring of non-modularized CCCs into aspects. Refactorings have shown to be helpful for object-oriented software development and maintenance, but their application to aspect-oriented software is not yet well understood. In particular, since refactorings of non-modularized crosscutting concerns involve multiple program elements with potentially complicated relationships, they are considerably more complex than traditional refactorings; the lack of tool support to help plan, reason about and execute CCC refactorings impedes the improvement of code modularity. The thesis of this research is that the refactoring of crosscutting concerns can be supported by a role-based concern model. In this model, crosscutting concerns are described in terms of abstract roles, and instructions for refactoring the concerns are written in terms of those roles. To apply a refactoring, a developer maps a subset of the roles to concrete program elements; a tool can then help complete the mapping of roles to the existing program. Refactoring instructions are then applied to manipulate and modularize the concrete elements corresponding to the crosscutting concern. The abstract nature of such a role-based concern model allows the definition of a refactoring description separately from concrete systems it may be applied to, and allows using a single description to refactor multiple instances of the same concern. To aid developers in restructuring the implementation of crosscutting concerns using aspect-oriented programming, we introduce in this dissertation a refactoring approach and proof-of-concept tool founded on our role-based concern model. We show that abstract descriptions of crosscutting concerns can be applied to previously existing software and we describe the potential for expressing and executing a variety of new CCC refactorings.
Continuity of the bending map
Creators: name: Lecuire, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30F40, 20H10

description: The bending map of a hyperbolic 3-manifold maps a convex cocompact hyperbolic metric on a hyperbolic 3-manifold with boundary to its bending measured geodesic lamination. In the present paper we study the extension of this map to the space of geometrically finite hyperbolic metrics. We introduce a relationship on the space of measured geodesic laminations and shows that the quotient map obtained from the bending map is continuous.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures. Available also at http://www.maths.warwicK.ac.uk/~clecuire
Galaxy formation in the brane world I: overview and first results
Creators: name: Hernández-Aguayo, César
name: Arnold, Christian
name: Li, Baojiu
name: Baugh, Carlton M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out ``full-physics'' hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation in the normal-branch Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (nDGP) braneworld model using a new modified version of the {\sc Arepo} code and the IllustrisTNG galaxy formation model. We simulate two nDGP models (N5 and N1) which represent, respectively, weak and moderate departures from GR, in boxes of sizes $62\,h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$ and $25\,h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$ using $2\times512^3$ dark matter particles and initial gas cells. This allows us to explore, for the first time, the impact of baryonic physics on galactic scales in braneworld models of modified gravity and to make predictions on the stellar content of dark matter haloes and galaxy evolution through cosmic time in these models. We find significant differences between the GR and nDGP models in the power spectra and correlation functions of gas, stars and dark matter of up to $\sim 25$ per cent on large scales. Similar to their impact in the standard cosmological model ($Λ$CDM), baryonic effects can have a significant influence over the clustering of the overall matter distribution, with a sign that depends on scale. Studying the degeneracy between modified gravity and galactic feedback in these models, we find that these two physical effects on matter clustering can be cleanly disentangled, allowing for a method to accurately predict the matter power spectrum with baryonic effects included, without having to run hydrodynamical simulations. Depending on the braneworld model, we find differences compared with GR of up to $\sim15$ per cent in galaxy properties such as the stellar-to-halo-mass ratio, galaxy stellar mass function, gas fraction and star formation rate density. The amplitude of the fifth force is reduced by the presence of baryons in the very inner part of haloes, but this reduction quickly becomes negligible above $\sim0.1$ times the halo radius.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, matches with published version
Water purchases to save the Murray-Darling Basin
Creators: name: Wittwer, Glyn
name: Wittwer, Glyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Murray-Darling Basin communities have suffered recurring and prolonged droughts over the past decade. Now that the rains have returned, these communities see the Sustainable Diversion Limits (SDLs) planned by the Commonwealth as a new threat. Modelling with TERM-H2O assumes that since the SDL process is voluntary, Commonwealth purchases will proceed slowly over the next 12 years. This gives farmers time to utilize water saving technologies as they emerge. This is in contrast to the relatively rapid purchase of 920 GL up until September 2010 that has already occurred. These relatively rapid sales reflect hardship associated with drought. If the Commonwealth is to reach the 3500 GL target, it may need to pay over $4 billion more to farmers for water (2010 dollars). The Commonwealth’s budget constraint will limit the volume purchased. Implementing (SDLs) will raise the price of water and the asset value of water held by farmers. At the same time, the value of irrigated land will fall, partly offsetting the increase in the asset value of water. This means that some irrigators may gain more than others. Those who do best will be those whose water entitlements have a high value relative to the value of their land. Under a voluntary scheme that proceeds slowly and gives time for further water savings to occur, there will be modest job losses across the basin. These might fall to 500 jobs below forecast by the year 2026. The extent to which farmers who sell water to the Commonwealth leave the region will have a moderate influence on regional outcomes. TERM-H2O is the only model which has been calibrated by using the drought of 2006-07 to 2008-09 to estimate regional impacts. In the drought scenario, over 6,000 jobs were lost in the short term relative to forecast across the basin. Therefore, SDL impacts are much smaller than drought impacts.
Additional file 1 of Spatiotemporal matching between medical resources and population ageing in China from 2008 to 2017
Creators: name: Li, Junming
name: Xinglin Chen
name: Xiulan Han
name: Gehong Zhang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: The population ageing ratio (Figure S1), number of licensed physicians per 10,000 persons (Figure S2), number of registered nurses per 10,000 persons (Figure S3), number of beds in hospital per 10,000 persons (Figure S4), in 31 provincial regions in mainland China from 2008 to 2017
A representational basis for human-computer interaction
Creators: name: Po, Barry Alan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Mental representations form a useful theoretical framework for understanding the integration, separation and mediation of visual perception and motor action from a computational perspective. In the study of human-computer interaction (HCI), knowledge of mental representations could be used to improve the design and evaluation of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and interactive systems. This thesis presents a representational approach to the study of user performance and shows how the use of mental representations for perception and action complements existing information processing frameworks in HCI. Three major representational theories are highlighted as evidence supporting this approach: (1) the phenomenon of stimulus-response compatibility is examined in relation to directional cursor cues for GUI interaction with mice, pointers, and pens; (2) the functional specialization of the upper and lower visual fields is explored with respect to mouse and touchscreen item selection; (3) the two-visual systems hypothesis is studied in the context of distal pointing and visual feedback for large-screen interaction. User interface design guidelines based on each of these representational themes are provided and the broader implications of a representational approach to HCI are discussed with reference to the design and evaluation of interfaces for time- and safety-critical systems, interaction with computer graphics, information visualization, and computer-supported cooperative work.
Racetrack inflation and assisted moduli stabilisation
Creators: name: Lalak, Zygmunt
name: Ross, Graham G.
name: Sarkar, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model of inflation based on a racetrack model without flux stabilization. The initial conditions are set automatically through topological inflation. This ensures that the dilaton is not swept to weak coupling through either thermal effects or fast roll. Including the effect of non-dilaton fields we find that moduli provide natural candidates for the inflaton. The resulting potential generates slow-roll inflation without the need to fine tune parameters. The energy scale of inflation must be near the GUT scale and the scalar density perturbation generated has a spectrum consistent with WMAP data.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures (Latex); Error in v.1 eliminated and improved example of modular inflation presented
Determining the Rationality of Marketing Strategy on Farms
Creators: name: Wright, Vic
name: Wright, Vic
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The focus of farm management, as a discipline, has reflected historically the assumption that farms are embedded in near-perfectly competitive market structures. The common validity of this assumption is plain. As open systems, farms have asymmetric relationships with their environment: they are significantly more influenced by it than influencing it. However, farmers seem often not to appreciate the implications of this for their management options. Nor, arguably, is the farm management discipline yet well equipped to analyse initiatives that farmers might contemplate to enhance their control over market outcomes, specifically, as a means of exerting greater control over business performance. In this paper a framework for the analysis of the prospects for product differentiation of farm output is presented in an attempt to fill this lacuna. Introduction As an academic discipline, historically farm management (FM) has been focused on management decision making (Charry and Parton 2002). The domain of physical agricultural production activities may have been taught within farm management qualifications, but the discipline has persistently involved analysis for decisions. Within it farms are characterised as purposeful, open, complex systems having to cope with substantial stochasticity (Dillon 1992). Economics has been the discipline used to most effect to analyse farm management decisions (Malcolm 2004).
From Intuitionism to Many-Valued Logics through Kripke Models
Creators: name: Salehi, Saeed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Intuitionistic Propositional Logic is proved to be an infinitely many valued logic by Kurt Gödel (1932), and it is proved by Stanisław Jaśkowski (1936) to be a countably many valued logic. In this paper, we provide alternative proofs for these theorems by using models of Saul Kripke (1959). Gödel's proof gave rise to an intermediate propositional logic (between intuitionistic and classical), that is known nowadays as Gödel or the Gödel-Dummet Logic, and is studied by fuzzy logicians as well. We also provide some results on the inter-definablility of propositional connectives in this logic.
description: 10 pages, to appear in: Mathematics, Logic, and their Philosophies---Essays in Honor of Mohammad Ardeshir (Springer)
Theory of Non-Coherent Spin Pumps
Creators: name: Sela, Eran
name: Oreg, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study electron pumps in the absence of interference effects paying attention to the spin degree of freedom. Electron-electron exchange interactions combined with a variation of external parameters, such as magnetic field and gate potentials, affect the compressibility-spin-tensor whose components determine the non-coherent parts of the charge and spin pumped currents. An appropriate choice of the trajectory in the parameter space generates an arbitrary ratio of spin to charge pumped currents. After showing that the addition of dephasing leads to a full quantum coherent system diminishes the interference contribution, but leaves the non-coherent (classical) contribution intact, we apply the theory of the classical term for several examples. We show that when exchange interactions are included one can construct a source of pure spin current, with a constant magnetic field and a periodic variation of gate potentials only. We discuss the possibility to observe it experimentally in GaAs heterostructures.
Ecological Afforestation in China: A Market-based Approach
Creators: name: Xu, Jintao
name: Zhang, Haipeng
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Wang, Xuehong
name: Eigenraam, Mark
name: Xu, Jintao
name: Zhang, Haipeng
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Wang, Xuehong
name: Eigenraam, Mark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This article focuses on the program of Ecological Afforestation on barren lands, degraded arable lands, harvested sites and sloped farmland in Sichuan, China. Farmers were given the opportunity to propose afforestation activities for which they would be paid an specified amount. These bids and predictions of the expected environmental benefits to be generated were used to assess the net benefit of each proposal. Most features of the bidding scheme were successfully implemented and improvements in the economic efficiency of the afforestation scheme were observed. The market-based approach is demonstrated to be a practical way forward for Ecological Afforestation in China. The bidding scheme showed savings of approximately 110,000 Yuan when compared to past grant based programs. However, the bidding scheme is shown to increase the transaction costs of achieving the policy goal, by about 30 per cent compared to the previous ‘command and control’ regime. When transaction costs are accounted for there are still cost savings when compared to the command and control approach. Finding effective methods to reduce transaction costs will be key to any future implementation of the Ecological Afforestation bidding scheme.
Consumer willingness to pay for poultry products from biosecure farms in Bali
Creators: name: Yusuf, R.P.
name: Yusuf, R.P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This study explores consumer perceptions and willingness to pay for clean and safe poultry products, particularly chicken meat and eggs, in Bali. The study also analyses the correlation between factors associated with the consumer’s purchase decision. Four high-end markets in Denpasar were chosen and 80 respondents were randomly selected in order to explore these issues. Nine attributes were used to define clean and safe poultry products, while five variables were used to explore the correlation between consumer characteristics and their purchase decision. The results show that consumers have a good understanding of clean and safe poultry products. They are aware how the product should appear physically, and they are willing to spend up to an extra Rp.5,0001 for whole chicken and Rp.10,000/kg for eggs. From the five consumer characteristic variables tested, only age and income have strong correlation with consumer purchase decisions. This information is useful for poultry producers as they seek to produce the type of product required by the supermarket consumer.
A new constrained mKP hierarchy and the generalized Darboux transformation for the mKP equation with self-consistent sources
Creators: name: Xiao, Ting
name: Zeng, Yunbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mKP equation with self-consistent sources (mKPESCS) is treated in the framework of the constrained mKP hierarchy. We introduce a new constrained mKP hierarchy which may be viewed as the stationary hierarchy of the mKP hierarchy with self-consistent sources. This offers a natural way to obtain the Lax representation for the mKPESCS. Based on the conjugate Lax pairs, we construct the generalized Darboux transformation with arbitrary functions in time $t$ for the mKPESCS which, in contrast with the Darboux transformation for the mKP equation, provides a non-auto-Bäcklund transformation between two mKPESCSs with different degrees. The formula for $n$-times repeated generalized Darboux transformation is proposed and enables us to find the rational solutions (including the lump solutions), soliton solutions and the solutions of breather type of the mKPESCS.
description: 23 pages, no figures. to appeare in Physica A
Sustainable Energy Crop Production: A Case Study for Sugarcane and Cassava Production in Yunnan, China
Creators: name: Zhang, Yu
name: Ni, Jianhong
name: Zhang, Sizhu
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Ni, Jianhong
name: Zhang, Sizhu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: International Development
Production Economics

description: The possibility of using biomass as a source of energy in reducing the greenhouse-effect imposed by carbon dioxide emission and relieving energy crisis is a matter of great interest, such as bioethanol production. Nevertheless, the cultivation of dedicated energy crops dose meet with some criticisms (conflict with food security and environmental degradation, for example). Nowadays sugarcane and cassava are regarded as the potential energy crops for bioethanol production. Endowed with natural resources and favorable weather condition, Yunnan province, China, is the major sugarcane and cassava production area in China. This paper presents production structures of these two crops in Yunnan and compares the sustainable production between the usages of sugarcane and cassava as bioethanol feedstock. Firstly, we estimated the technical efficiency for sugarcane and cassava production by adopting the production function and stochastic frontier production function. Field surveys from 61 sugarcane farmers and 50 cassava farmers were collected in June and September, 2008. Secondly, the sustainability of each crop production was evaluated. Since there is no generally accepted definition of sustainable production, a set of criteria was defined including 2 concerns (employment and food supply) from socio-economic area and 3 concerns (conversion rate to ethanol, water requirement, and fertilizer pollution) from environmental area. Empirical results demonstrated that the average production function was located below the frontier production function, 5% for sugarcane production and 7% for cassava production. These findings reflect the existence of technical inefficiency not only in the sugarcane production but also in the cassava production as well. But after considering sustainable production, cassava, which requires low agro-chemical, should be recommended as a prior energy crop in Yunnan with higher rates in ethanol conversion and dry matter.