cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Computational analysis of an electrostatic separator design for removal of volatile organic compounds from indoor air
Creators: name: Anttalainen, Osmo
name: Lattouf, Elie
name: Vanninen, Paula
name: Hakulinen, Hanna
name: Kotiaho, Tapio
name: Eiceman, Gary
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air can be reduced in electrostatic separators where VOCs are ionized using ion-molecule reactions, extracted using electric fields, and eliminated in a waste flow. Embodiments for such separator technology have been explored in only a few studies, despite the possible advantage of purification without adsorbent filters. In one design, based on ionization of VOCs in positive polarity with hydrated protons as reactant ions, efficiencies for removal were measured as 30–40% . The results were fitted to a one-dimensional convective diffusion model requiring an unexpectedly high production rate of reactant ions to match both the model and data. A realistic rate of reactant ion production was used in finite element method simulations (COMSOL) and demonstrated that low removal efficiency could be attributed to non-uniform patterns of sample flow and to incomplete mixing of VOCs with reactant ions. In analysis of complex systems, such as this model, even limited computational modeling can outperform a pure analytical approach and bring insights into limiting factors or system bottlenecks. Implications: In this work, we applied modern computational methods to understand the performance of an air purifier based on electrostatics and ionized volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These were described in the publication early 2000s. The model presented was one-dimensional and did not account for the effects of flow. In our multiphysics finite element models, the efficiency and operation of the filter is better explained by the patterns of flow and flow influences on ion distributions in electric fields. In general, this work helps using and applying computational modelling to understand and improve the performance bottlenecks in air purification system designs.
title: Balanced-Viscosity Solutions to Infinite-Dimensional Multi-Rate Systems
Creators: name: Mielke, Alexander
name: Rossi, Riccarda
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik

description: We consider generalized gradient systems with rate-independent and rate-dependent dissipation potentials. We provide a general framework for performing a vanishing-viscosity limit leading to the notion of parametrized and true Balanced-Viscosity solutions that include a precise description of the jump behavior developing in this limit. Distinguishing an elastic variable u having a viscous damping with relaxation time εαand an internal variable z with relaxation time εwe obtain different limits for the three cases α∈(0,1), α=1and α>1. An application to a delamination problem shows that the theory is general enough to treat nontrivial models in continuum mechanics.
ZZ production in e+e- interactions at sqrt(s) = 183 - 209 GeV
Creators: name: The DELPHI Collaboration
name: Abdallah, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of on-shell ZZ production are described, using data from the DELPHI experiment at LEP in e+e- collisions at centre-of-mass energies between 183 and 209 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 665 pb^{-1}. Results obtained in each of the final states q anti-q q anti-q, nu anti-nu q anti-q, mu+ mu- q anti-q, e+ e- q anti-q, tau+ tau- q anti-q, l+ l- l+ l-, and nu anti-nu l+ l- (with l=e,mu) are presented. The measured production cross-sections are consistent with the Standard Model expectations. These results update and supersede those already published at 183 and 189 GeV.
description: 35 pages, 12 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. J. C
K+ -> pi+ nu nu(bar) and FCNC from non-universal Z' bosons
Creators: name: He, Xiao-Gang
name: Valencia, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the E787 and E949 result for K+ -> pi+ nu nu(bar) we examine the effects of a new non-universal right-handed Z' boson on flavor changing processes. We place bounds on the tree-level FCNC from K-K(bar) and B-B(bar) mixing as well as from the observed CP violation in kaon decay. We discuss the implications for K -> pi nu nu(bar), B -> X nu nu(bar) and B -> tau+ tau-. We find that existing bounds allow substantial enhancements in the K+ -> pi+ nu nu(bar) rate, particularly through a new one-loop Z' penguin operator.
description: Typos corrected, references added, version to appear in PRD
Vector Properties of Entanglement in a Three-Qubit System
Creators: name: Uskov, Dmitry B.
name: Alsing, Paul M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a dynamical vector model of entanglement in a three qubit system based on isomorphism between $su(4)$ and $so(6)$ Lie algebras. Generalizing Plücker-type description of three-qubit local invariants we introduce three pairs of real-valued $3D$ vector (denoted here as $A_{R,I}$ , $B_{R,I}$ and $C_{R,I}$). Magnitudes of these vectors determine two- and three-qubit entanglement parameters of the system. We show that evolution of vectors $A$, $B$ , $C$ under local $SU(2)$ operations is identical to $SO(3)$ evolution of single-qubit Bloch vectors of qubits $a$, $b$ and $c$ correspondingly. At the same time, general two-qubit $su(4)$ Hamiltonians incorporating $a-b$, $a-c$ and $b-c$ two-qubit coupling terms generate $SO(6)$ coupling between vectors $A$ and $B$, $A$ and $C$, and $B$ and $C$, correspondingly. It turns out that dynamics of entanglement induced by different two-qubit coupling terms is entirely determined by mutual orientation of vectors $A$, $B$, $C$ which can be controlled by single-qubit transformations. We illustrate the power of this vector description of entanglement by solving quantum control problems involving transformations between $W$, Greenberg-Horne-Zeilinger ($GHZ$ ) and biseparable states.
description: 26 pages, no figures; Accepted Phys. Rev. A 29Jul2020
title: On Two Coupled Degenerate Parabolic Equations Motivated by Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Mielke, Alexander
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Degenerate parabolic system
subject: Free-boundary problem
subject: Convergence into thermal equilibrium
subject: Gradient structure
subject: Mass and momentum conservation
subject: Energy-dissipation estimates
subject: 35K65
subject: 35K40
subject: 80M30
subject: 49S05
subject: 510 Mathematik

description: We discuss a system of two coupled parabolic equations that have degenerate diffusion constants depending on the energy-like variable. The dissipation of the velocity-like variable is fed as a source term into the energy equation leading to conservation of the total energy. The motivation of studying this system comes from Prandtl’s and Kolmogorov’s one- and two-equation models for turbulence, where the energy-like variable is the mean turbulent kinetic energy. Because of the degeneracies, there are solutions with time-dependent support like in the porous medium equation, which is contained in our system as a special case. The motion of the free boundary may be driven by either self-diffusion of the energy-like variable or by dissipation of the velocity-like variable. The crossover of these two phenomena is exemplified for the associated planar traveling fronts. We provide existence of suitably defined weak and very weak solutions. After providing a thermodynamically motivated gradient structure, we also establish convergence into steady state for bounded domains and provide a conjecture on the asymptotically self-similar behavior of the solutions in Rdfor large times.
Additional file 3 of Reduction of circulating innate lymphoid cell progenitors results in impaired cytokine production by innate lymphoid cells in patients with lupus nephritis
Creators: name: Seungwon Ryu
name: Lee, Eun Young
name: Kim, Dong Ki
name: Kim, Yon Su
name: Chung, Doo Hyun
name: Kim, Ji Hyung
name: Hajeong Lee
name: Kim, Hye Young
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Correlation between the percentage of urine ILCs ((a) CD117+ ILCs and (b) CRTH2+ ILCs) and clinical parameters including serum BUN and creatinine, activity and chronicity index. *P<0.05 (Pearson correlation).
Electroweak symmetry breaking in TeV-scale string models
Creators: name: Kitazawa, Noriaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scenario of the electroweak symmetry breaking by one-loop radiative corrections in a class of string models with D3-branes at non-supersymmetric orbifold singularities with the string scale in TeV region. As a test example, we consider a simple model based on a D3-brane at locally C^3/Z_6 orbifold singularity, and the electroweak Higgs doublet fields are identified with the massless bosonic modes of the open string on that D3-brane. They have Yukawa couplings with three generations of left-handed quarks and right-handed up-type quarks which are identified with the massless fermionic modes of the open string on the D3-brane. We calculate the one-loop correction to the Higgs mass due to the non-supersymmetric string spectrum and interactions, and qualitatively suggest that the negative mass squared can be generated. The problems which must be solved to proceed quantitative calculations are pointed out.
description: 9 pages, Talk given at 2nd Cairo International Conference on High Energy Physics (CICHEP II), Cairo, Egypt, 14-17 Jan 2006
The evolving role of public health in medical education
Creators: name: Rao, Ravi
name: Hawkins, Melissa
name: Ulrich, Trina
name: Gatlin, Greta
name: Mabry, Guadalupe
name: Mishra, Chaitanya
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Medical education in the twentieth century was largely influenced by the Flexner Report, with significant proportions of instruction dedicated to the molecular underpinnings of the pathologic pathways and minimal mention of the socio-ecological determinants of health. When examining the predominant diseases of the twenty first century landscape, widening health disparities, and significant changes in the United States healthcare system, it is imperative to view wellness and sickness in a broader public health context rather than a singular focus of the biomedical model. While undergraduate opportunities to study public health are on the rise in the United States, there is a parallel urgency for medical curricula to recognize the importance of the complex interrelated socio-ecological root causes of health, well-being, and illness. In order to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases and increase health equity, it is necessary for medical education to integrate core public health knowledge and competencies. Contemporary health challenges require a public health approach, in addition to clinical skills, for physicians to provide equitable care. The COVID-19 pandemic further underscores the necessity to mitigate the effects of socio-ecological determinants of health. Seven key recommendations are presented from a training to practice timeline emphasizing the important linkages between medical education, socio-ecological influences on health, and public health. As the health challenges in society and communities shift, so too must training of future physicians. There is a need and an opportunity for medicine and public health to address the shared health challenges of our global society.
Computational analysis of an electrostatic separator design for removal of volatile organic compounds from indoor air.
Creators: name: Anttalainen, Osmo
name: Lattouf, Elie
name: Vanninen, Paula
name: Hakulinen, Hanna
name: Kotiaho, Tapio
name: Eiceman, Gary
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air can be reduced in electrostatic separators where VOCs are ionized using ion-molecule reactions, extracted using electric fields, and eliminated in a waste flow. Embodiments for such separator technology have been explored in only a few studies, despite the possible advantage of purification without adsorbent filters. In one design, based on ionization of VOCs in positive polarity with hydrated protons as reactant ions, efficiencies for removal were measured as 30 to 40% . The results were fitted to a one dimensional convective diffusion model requiring an unexpectedly high production rate of reactant ions to match both the model and data. A realistic rate of reactant ion production was used in finite element method simulations (COMSOL) and demonstrated that low removal efficiency could be attributed to non-uniform patterns of sample flow and to incomplete mixing of VOCs with reactant ions. In analysis of complex systems, such as this model, even limited computational modeling can outperform a pure analytical approach and bring insights into limiting factors or system bottlenecks. Implications: In this work, we applied modern computational methods to understand the performance of an air purifier based on electrostatics and ionized volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These were described by Ito, et al. in the early 2000s.35-37 The model presented by Ito, et al. was one dimensional and did not account the effects of flow. The model was fitted with experimental data using unexpectedly high production rate of reactant ions. In our multi-physics finite element models, the efficiency and operation of the filter is better explained by the patterns of flow and flow influences on ion distributions in electric fields. Critically, we have no new experimental data on technology and only bring new understandings to existing data sets. Based on the findings, we also present a computational model for improved purification method. The findings from our modeling studies should be interesting, we believe, to those working in air purification technologies vis-à-vis VOC removal (a growing interest in indoor air quality). Others may be interested in how we applied COMSOL modeling of gases at atmospheric pressure ionization and ions in electric fields. In general, this work helps using and applying computational modeling to understand and improve the performance bottlenecks in air purification system designs.
Exponential volume dependence of entropy-current fluctuations at first-order phase transitions in chemical reaction networks
Creators: name: Nguyen, Basile
name: Seifert, Udo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In chemical reaction networks, bistability can only occur far from equilibrium. It is associated with a first-order phase transition where the control parameter is the thermodynamic force. At the bistable point, the entropy production is known to be discontinuous with respect to the thermodynamic force.We show that the fluctuations of the entropy production have an exponential volume-dependence when the system is bistable. At the phase transition, the exponential prefactor is the height of the effective potential barrier between the two fixed-points. Our results obtained for Schlögl's model can be extended to any chemical network.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Searching for Winograd-aware Quantized Networks
Creators: name: Fernandez-Marques, Javier
name: Whatmough, Paul N.
name: Mundy, Andrew
name: Mattina, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Lightweight architectural designs of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) together with quantization have paved the way for the deployment of demanding computer vision applications on mobile devices. Parallel to this, alternative formulations to the convolution operation such as FFT, Strassen and Winograd, have been adapted for use in CNNs offering further speedups. Winograd convolutions are the fastest known algorithm for spatially small convolutions, but exploiting their full potential comes with the burden of numerical error, rendering them unusable in quantized contexts. In this work we propose a Winograd-aware formulation of convolution layers which exposes the numerical inaccuracies introduced by the Winograd transformations to the learning of the model parameters, enabling the design of competitive quantized models without impacting model size. We also address the source of the numerical error and propose a relaxation on the form of the transformation matrices, resulting in up to 10% higher classification accuracy on CIFAR-10. Finally, we propose wiNAS, a neural architecture search (NAS) framework that jointly optimizes a given macro-architecture for accuracy and latency leveraging Winograd-aware layers. A Winograd-aware ResNet-18 optimized with wiNAS for CIFAR-10 results in 2.66x speedup compared to im2row, one of the most widely used optimized convolution implementations, with no loss in accuracy.
description: Published as a conference paper at MLSys 2020
On the Differential equations of the characters for the Renormalization group
Creators: name: Sakakibara, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Owing to the analogy between the Connes-Kreimer theory of the renormalization and the integrable systems, we derive the differential equations of the unit mass for the renormalized character $ϕ_+$ and the counter term $ϕ_-$. We give another proof for the scattering type formula of $ϕ_-$. The differential equation of the counter term of coordinate on ${\mathbb P}^1$ is also given. The hierarchy of the renormalization groups is defined as the integrable systems.
description: 5 pages, no figures, AMS-LaTeX, minor corrections
Muon-spin-relaxation and magnetic-susceptibility studies of effects of the magnetic impurity Ni on the Cu-spin dynamics and superconductivity in La_2-x_Sr_x_Cu_1-y_Ni_y_O_4_ with x = 0.13
Creators: name: Adachi, T.
name: Yairi, S.
name: Koike, Y.
name: Watanabe, I.
name: Nagamine, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effects of the magnetic impurity Ni on the Cu-spin dynamics and superconductivity have been studied in La_2-x_Sr_x_Cu_1-y_Ni_y_O_4_ with x = 0.13 changing y finely up to 0.10. Compared with the case of the nonmagnetic impurity Zn, it has been found from the muon-spin-relaxation measurements that a large amount of Ni is required to stabilize a magnetic order of Cu spins. However, the evolution toward the stabilization of the magnetic order with increasing impurity concentration is qualitatively similar to each other. The area of the non-superconducting and slowly fluctuating or static region of Cu spins around Ni has been found to be smaller than that around Zn, suggesting that the pinning of rather long-ranged dynamical spin correlation such as the so-called dynamical stripe by Ni is weaker than that by Zn. This may be the reason why Zn destroys the superconductivity in the hole-doped high-T_c_ cuprates more markedly than Ni.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
An investigation into alternatives to PVC flooring at the University of British Columbia
Creators: name: Wittstock, Peter
name: Major, Bryan
name: Lee, Frederick
name: Hussain, Ibnul
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The University of British Columbia (UBC) is well known for its commitment to innovation and environmental stewardship. UBC has consistently been one of the most sustainable Universities in Canada over the last 5 years, lacking only in the shareholder engagement category (The Sustainable Endowments Institute). The UBC Social, Ecological, Economic, and Development Studies program (SEEDS) is part of UBCs plan to address this issue and continue to lead sustainability initiatives on other fronts. This report addresses the possibility of using flooring materials that do not contain Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) within UBC buildings. PVC has been a common choice for flooring material around North America because it has a low initial cost as was originally believed to be a safe option. Over the years it has become more apparent that PVC is not the miracle material it was hailed as. We now know that the production and disposal of PVC releases a large amount of Green House Gasses (GHG) into the atmosphere, along with many other harmful chemicals such as NO2, and SO2. The epoxies used to install PVC flooring in buildings is also a source of carcinogens. This report focused on alternative flooring types that are both more sustainable than PVC, and practical for use in UBC’s public buildings. All the alternative flooring options were compared using a Triple Bottom Line analysis. The options of cork and polished concrete were determined to be the most sustainable, although each of the two options are better in certain circumstances. In new buildings that are constructed with minimal concrete, cork flooring would be ideal. Buildings that contain concrete sub floors should use polished concrete as their finishing option. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Additional file 1 of The CpG island methylator phenotype increases the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer
Creators: name: Loaeza-Loaeza, Jaqueline
name: Illades-Aguiar, Berenice
name: del Moral-Hernández, Oscar
name: Castro-Coronel, Yaneth
name: Leyva-Vázquez, Marco A.
name: Dircio-Maldonado, Roberto
name: Ortiz-Ortiz, Julio
name: Hernández-Sotelo, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Prevalence of genotypes HPV in single, multiple and mix HPV infection in normal cervix, precancerous lesions and cervical cancer; Table S2. Methylation status of CDH1 and risk of cervical lesion; Table S3. Methylation status of AJAP1 and risk of cervical lesion; Table S4. Methylation status of MAGI2 and risk of cervical lesion; Table S5. Methylation status of MYOD1 and risk of cervical lesion; Table S6. Methylation status of SOX17 and risk of cervical lesion; Table S7. Methylation status of MGMT and risk of cervical lesion; Table S8. Methylation status of RASSF1A and risk of cervical lesion; Table S9. Methylation status of CDH13 and risk of cervical lesion.
Experimental realization of diffusion with stochastic resetting
Creators: name: Tal-Friedman, Ofir
name: Pal, Arnab
name: Sekhon, Amandeep
name: Reuveni, Shlomi
name: Roichman, Yael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stochastic resetting is prevalent in natural and man-made systems giving rise to a long series of non-equilibrium phenomena. Diffusion with stochastic resetting serves as a paradigmatic model to study these phenomena, but the lack of a well-controlled platform by which this process can be studied experimentally has been a major impediment to research in the field. Here, we report the experimental realization of colloidal particle diffusion and resetting via holographic optical tweezers. We provide the first experimental corroboration of central theoretical results, and go on to measure the energetic cost of resetting in steady-state and first-passage scenarios. In both cases, we show that this cost cannot be made arbitrarily small due to fundamental constraints on realistic resetting protocols. The methods developed herein open the door to future experimental study of resetting phenomena beyond diffusion.
description: 20 pages 5 figures
Numerical schemes for continuum models of reaction-diffusion systems subject to internal noise
Creators: name: Moro, Esteban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new numerical schemes to integrate stochastic partial differential equations which describe the spatio-temporal dynamics of reaction-diffusion (RD) problems under the effect of internal fluctuations. The schemes conserve the nonnegativity of the solutions and incorporate the Poissonian nature of internal fluctuations at small densities, their performance being limited by the level of approximation of density fluctuations at small scales. We apply the new schemes to two different aspects of the Reggeon model namely, the study of its non-equilibrium phase transition and the dynamics of fluctuating pulled fronts. In the latter case, our approach allows to reproduce quantitatively for the first time microscopic properties within the continuum model.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in Physical Review E as a Rapid Communication
Photoproduction of massive gauge bosons in $pp$, $pPb$ and $PbPb$ collisions
Creators: name: Coelho, R. O.
name: Goncalves, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we present, for the first time, the results for the photoproduction of massive gauge bosons in proton -- proton, proton -- Lead and Lead -- Lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), High -- Energy LHC (HE -- LHC) and Future Circular Collider (FCC). Predictions for the rapidity distributions and total cross sections are presented. We predict a large number of events in the rapidity range probed by the LHC detectors, which implies that this process can be used to probe the photoproduction of massive gauge bosons as well to perform the search of Beyond Standard Model physics.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables
Topological phases arising from attractive interaction and pair hopping in the Extended Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Rausch, Roman
name: Peschke, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extended Hubbard model with an attractive density-density interaction, positive pair hopping, or both, is shown to host topological phases, with a doubly degenerate entanglement spectrum and interacting edge spins. This constitutes a novel instance of topological order which emerges from interactions. When the interaction terms combine in a charge-SU(2) symmetric fashion, a novel partially polarized pseudospin phase appears, in which the topological features of the spin degrees of freedom coexist with long-range $η$-wave superconductivity. Thus, our system provides an example of an interplay between spontaneous symmetry breaking and symmetry-protected topological order that leads to novel and unexpected properties.
Central limit theorem for stationary linear processes
Creators: name: Peligrad, Magda
name: Utev, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05, 60G10, 60G42, 60G48 (Primary)

description: We establish the central limit theorem for linear processes with dependent innovations including martingales and mixingale type of assumptions as defined in McLeish [Ann. Probab. 5 (1977) 616--621] and motivated by Gordin [Soviet Math. Dokl. 10 (1969) 1174--1176]. In doing so we shall preserve the generality of the coefficients, including the long range dependence case, and we shall express the variance of partial sums in a form easy to apply. Ergodicity is not required.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117906000000179 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
The Brouwer invariance theorems in reverse mathematics
Creators: name: Kihara, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In his book, John Stillwell wrote "finding the exact strength of the Brouwer invariance theorems seems to me one of the most interesting open problems in reverse mathematics." In this article, we solve Stillwell's problem by showing that (some forms of) the Brouwer invariance theorems are equivalent to weak König's lemma over the base system ${\sf RCA}_0$. In particular, there exists an explicit algorithm which, whenever weak König's lemma is false, constructs a topological embedding of $\mathbb{R}^4$ into $\mathbb{R}^3$.
Additional file 2 of Reduction of circulating innate lymphoid cell progenitors results in impaired cytokine production by innate lymphoid cells in patients with lupus nephritis
Creators: name: Seungwon Ryu
name: Lee, Eun Young
name: Kim, Dong Ki
name: Kim, Yon Su
name: Chung, Doo Hyun
name: Kim, Ji Hyung
name: Hajeong Lee
name: Kim, Hye Young
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Immunofluorescence staining of CD117+ ILCs (c, d; found as CD3- CD117+) in renal tissue showed that they were decreased in renal tissue of (b) LN, compared to that of (a) HC. (c) DAPI (blue), CD3 (green), and CD117 (red), and merged image. (d) The number of CD3-CD117+ cells within the same area in renal tissue of HC and LN. Pink arrow: CD3+ T cells, white arrow: CD117+ ILCs, orange arrow: CD3+ CD117+ T cells. *P<0.05 (Student’s t test).
New Covert Channels in HTTP
Creators: name: Bauer, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.0; K.4.1

description: This paper presents new methods enabling anonymous communication on the Internet. We describe a new protocol that allows us to create an anonymous overlay network by exploiting the web browsing activities of regular users. We show that the overlay network provides an anonymity set greater than the set of senders and receivers in a realistic threat model. In particular, the protocol provides unobservability in our threat model.
description: 7 pages
Cosmic Censorship of Trans-Planckian Field Ranges in Gravitational Collapse
Creators: name: Chaudhary, Himanshu
name: Krishnan, Chethan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A classical solution where the (scalar) field value moves by an ${\cal O}(1)$ range in Planck units is believed to signal the breakdown of Effective Field Theory (EFT). One heuristic argument for this is that such a field will have enough energy to be inside its own Schwarzschild radius, and will result in collapse. In this paper, we consider an inverse problem: what kind of field ranges arise during the gravitational collapse of a classical field? Despite the fact that collapse has been studied for almost a hundred years, most of the discussion is phrased in terms of fluid stress tensors, and not fields. An exception is the scalar collapse made famous by Choptuik. We re-consider Choptuik-like systems, but with the emphasis now on the evolution of the scalar. We give strong evidence that generic spherically symmetric collapse of a massless scalar field leads to super-Planckian field movement. But we also note that in every such supercritical collapse scenario, the large field range is hidden behind an apparent horizon. We also discuss how the familiar perfect fluid models for collapse like Oppenheimer-Snyder and Vaidya should be viewed in light of our results.
description: v3: references and minor improvements
A Definition of Metastability for Markov Processes with Detailed Balance
Creators: name: Leyvraz, Francois
name: Larralde, Hernan
name: Sanders, David P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A definition of metastable states applicable to arbitrary finite state Markov processes satisfying detailed balance is discussed. In particular, we identify a crucial condition that distinguishes genuine metastable states from other types of slowly decaying modes and which leads to properties similar to those postulated in the restricted ensemble approach \cite{pen71}. The intuitive physical meaning of this condition is simply that the total equilibrium probability of finding the system in the metastable state is negligible. As a concrete application of our formalism we present preliminary results on a 2D kinetic Ising model.
description: 5 pp. 1 Figure, presented in News, Expectations and Trends in Statistical Physics-3rd International Conference, 13-18 August 2005, Kolymbari Crete
The evolving role of public health in medical education
Creators: name: Rao, Ravi
name: Hawkins, Melissa
name: Ulrich, Trina
name: Gatlin, Greta
name: Mabry, Guadalupe
name: Mishra, Chaitanya
Publisher: name: Frontiers in Public Health
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: Medical education in the twentieth century was largely influenced by the Flexner Report, with significant proportions of instruction dedicated to the molecular underpinnings of the pathologic pathways and minimal mention of the socio-ecological determinants of health. When examining the predominant diseases of the twenty first century landscape, widening health disparities, and significant changes in the United States healthcare system, it is imperative to view wellness and sickness in a broader public health context rather than a singular focus of the biomedical model. While undergraduate opportunities to study public health are on the rise in the United States, there is a parallel urgency for medical curricula to recognize the importance of the complex interrelated socio-ecological root causes of health, well-being, and illness. In order to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases and increase health equity, it is necessary for medical education to integrate core public health knowledge and competencies. Contemporary health challenges require a public health approach, in addition to clinical skills, for physicians to provide equitable care. The COVID-19 pandemic further underscores the necessity to mitigate the effects of socio-ecological determinants of health. Seven key recommendations are presented from a training to practice timeline emphasizing the important linkages between medical education, socio-ecological influences on health, and public health. As the health challenges in society and communities shift, so too must training of future physicians. There is a need and an opportunity for medicine and public health to address the shared health challenges of our global society.
Onset of Perturbative Color Opacity at Small x and Upsilon Coherent Photoproduction off heavy nuclei at LHC
Creators: name: Frankfurt, L.
name: Guzey, V.
name: Strikman, M.
name: Zhalov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study photon-induced coherent production of Upsilon in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions at LHC and demonstrate that the counting rates will be sufficient to measure nuclear shadowing of generalized gluon distributions. This will establish the transition from the regime of color transparency to the regime of perturbative color opacity in an unambiguous way. We argue that such measurements will provide the possibility to investigate the interaction of ultra-small color dipoles with nuclei in QCD at large energies, which are beyond the reach of the electron-nucleon (nucleus) colliders, and will unambiguously discriminate between the leading twist and higher twist scenarios of gluon nuclear shadowing.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Effect of geometric sharpness on translucent material perception
Creators: name: Xiao, Bei
name: Zhao, Shuang
name: Gkioulekas, Ioannis
name: Bi, Wenyan
name: Bala, Kavita
Publisher: name: Journal of Vision
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: When judging the optical properties of a translucent object, humans often look at sharp geometric features such as edges and thin parts. An analysis of the physics of light transport shows that these sharp geometries are necessary for scientific imaging systems to be able to accurately measure the underlying material optical properties. In this article, we examine whether human perception of translucency is likewise affected by the presence of sharp geometry, by confounding our perceptual inferences about an object's optical properties. We use physically accurate simulations to create visual stimuli of translucent materials with varying shapes and optical properties under different illuminations. We then use these stimuli in psychophysical experiments, where human observers are asked to match an image of a target object by adjusting the material parameters of a match object with different geometric sharpness, lighting, and three-dimensional geometry. We find that the level of geometric sharpness significantly affects perceived translucency by observers. These findings generalize across a few illumination conditions and object shapes. Our results suggest that the perceived translucency of an object depends on both the underlying material's optical parameters and the three-dimensional shape of the object. We also find that models based on image contrast cannot fully predict the perceptual results.
Deviation of Atmospheric Mixing from Maximal and Structure in the Leptonic Flavor Sector
Creators: name: de Gouvea, Andre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I attempt to quantify how far from maximal one should expect the atmospheric mixing angle to be given a neutrino mass-matrix that leads, at zeroth order, to a nu_3 mass-eigenstate that is 0% nu_e, 50% nu_mu, and 50% nu_tau. This is done by assuming that the solar mass-squared difference is induced by an "anarchical" first order perturbation, an approach than can naturally lead to experimentally allowed values for all oscillation parameters. In particular, both |cos 2theta_atm| (the measure for the deviation of atmospheric mixing from maximal) and |U_e3| are of order sqrt(Delta m^2_sol/Delta m^2_atm) in the case of a normal neutrino mass-hierarchy, or of order Delta m^2_sol/Delta m^2_atm in the case of an inverted one. Hence, if any of the textures analyzed here has anything to do with reality, next-generation neutrino experiments can see a nonzero cos 2theta_atm in the case of a normal mass-hierarchy, while in the case of an inverted mass-hierarchy only neutrino factories should be able to see a deviation of sin^2 2theta_atm from 1.
description: 12 pages, no figures, references and acknowledgments added
Abiotic community constraints in extreme environments : epikarst copepods as a model system
Creators: name: Pipan, Tanja
name: Christman, Mary C.
name: Culver, David C.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The general hypothesis that the overall presence or absence of one or more species in an extreme habitat is determined by physico-chemical factors was investigated using epikarst copepod communities as a model system, an example of an extreme environment with specialized, often rare species. The relationship between the presence or absence of epikarst copepods from drips in six Slovenian caves and 12 physico-chemical factors (temperature, conductivity, pH, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, NH4+, and Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, and SO42-) was explored. Statistical analyses included principal components analysis, logistic mixed models, stepwise logistic multivariate regression, classification trees, and random forests. Parametric statistical analyses demonstrated the overall importance of two variables-temperature and conductivity. The more flexible statistical approaches, namely categorical trees and random forests, indicate that temperature and concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were important. This may be because they are essential nutrients or, at least in the case of Ca2+, its importance in molting. The correlation of Cl- and NO3- with copepod abundance may be due to unmeasured variables that vary at the scale of individual cave, but in any case, the values have an anthropogenic component. This contrasts with factors important in individual species' niche separation, which overlap with the community parameters only for NO3-.
Multiwavelength View of SDSS Galaxies
Creators: name: Obric, M.
name: Ivezic, Z.
name: Kauffmann, G.
name: Lupton, R. H.
name: Tremonti, C.
name: Brinchmann, J.
name: Charlot, S.
name: Knapp, G. R.
name: Gunn, J. E.
name: Rockosi, C. M.
name: Schlegel, D.
name: Strauss, M. A.
name: Gacesa, M.
name: Smolcic, V.
name: Anderson, S.
name: Voges, W.
name: Blanton, M. R.
name: Eisenstein, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize the detection rates at wavelengths other than optical for \~99,000 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 1 ``main'' spectroscopic sample. The analysis is based on positional cross-correlation with source catalogs from ROSAT, 2MASS, IRAS, GB6, FIRST, NVSS and WENSS surveys. We find that the rest-frame UV-IR broad-band galaxy SEDs form a remarkably uniform, nearly one parameter, family. As an example, the SDSS u and r band data, supplemented with redshift, can be used to predict K band magnitudes measured by 2MASS with an rms scatter of only 0.2 mag; when measurement uncertainties are taken into account, the astrophysical scatter appears not larger than ~0.1 mag.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure. To appear in "The Interplay among Black Holes, Stars and ISM in Galactic Nuclei", Proc. IAU 222 (Gramado, Brazil), eds. Th. Storchi Bergmann, L.C. Ho, H.R. Schmitt
IMPROVING THE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY: PROMOTING COMPLEMENTARITIES BETWEEN MICRO AND MACRO DATA
Creators: name: Kelly, Valerie
name: Hopkins, Jane
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Crawford, Eric
name: Kelly, Valerie
name: Hopkins, Jane
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Crawford, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Security and Poverty
International Development

description: BACKGROUND : During the last 30 years, the physical, cultural, and socioeconomic environment in which cropping is carried out has changed in much of Africa. Population densities and population growth rates have increased; arable land per capita, soil quality, and tree cover have declined; input and credit markets have changed; and (2) argue that better coordination of macro and the relative importance of non-farm income has risen. African governments and donors have devoted much time, effort, and money to identify constraints, to develop new technologies, and to change the policy environment so that farmers can better cope with their evolving environment, thus raising farm output and productivity. As governments implement new agricultural policies and programs, it is imperative that they accurately monitor their effect on productivity. Poor agricultural data and inappropriate analyses can lead to misallocation of scarce resources and policy formulation that fails to resolve critical development and productivity problems.
Abiotic community constraints in extreme environments : epikarst copepods as a model system
Creators: name: Pipan, Tanja
name: Christman, Mary C.
name: Culver, David C.
Publisher: name: Diversity
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences

description: The general hypothesis that the overall presence or absence of one or more species in an extreme habitat is determined by physico-chemical factors was investigated using epikarst copepod communities as a model system, an example of an extreme environment with specialized, often rare species. The relationship between the presence or absence of epikarst copepods from drips in six Slovenian caves and 12 physico-chemical factors (temperature, conductivity, pH, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, NH4+, and Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, and SO42-) was explored. Statistical analyses included principal components analysis, logistic mixed models, stepwise logistic multivariate regression, classification trees, and random forests. Parametric statistical analyses demonstrated the overall importance of two variables-temperature and conductivity. The more flexible statistical approaches, namely categorical trees and random forests, indicate that temperature and concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were important. This may be because they are essential nutrients or, at least in the case of Ca2+, its importance in molting. The correlation of Cl- and NO3- with copepod abundance may be due to unmeasured variables that vary at the scale of individual cave, but in any case, the values have an anthropogenic component. This contrasts with factors important in individual species' niche separation, which overlap with the community parameters only for NO3-.