Cionus longicollis C. N. F. Brisout de Barneville 1863
Creators: name: Košťál, Michael
name: Caldara, Roberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Cionus
Cionus longicollis

description: 48. Cionus longicollis C. N. F. Brisout de Barneville, 1863
Figs 48 a–f.
Cionus longicollis C. N. F. Brisout de Barneville, 1863:114. Reitter, 1904: 55. Wingelmüller, 1914: 194; 1921: 112; 1937: 175. Hustache, 1932: 342. A. Hoffmann, 1958: 1220. Caldara, 2013: 123. Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2017: 185.
Type locality. Vernet Valley (eastern Pyrenees, France).
Type series. This species was described based on more specimens collected in Vernet valley, Eastern Pyrenees. In coll. C. N. F. Brisout (MNHN), there are a couple on a single pin and two males on another pinned card. A 4.75 mm long, well-preserved male from the card with a couple labeled “ longicollis Vernet / Muséum Paris S. E. F. Coll. Ch. Brisout” was designated as the lectotype by adding the label “ LECTOTYPUS Cionus longicollis C. Brisout ♂ Michael Košťál des. 2014 [printed red label]”. Two males and one female with the same labels were labeled as paralectotypes accordingly.
Synonyms. None.
Redescription. Male. Body stout, subparallel. Head: rostrum moderately stout, medium long (l/ w 5.0, Rl/Pl 1.30), black except very apical part brown; in lateral view slightly curved, indistinctly enlarged at antennal insertion, of approximately same width from base to shortly before apex, at apex dorsal side in same line evenly curved to apex, ventral side abruptly beveled upwards to apex; in dorsal view of same width from base to apex, in basal part round in cross-section, in apical part slightly dorsoventrally flattened; in basal and proximal apical part very densely, moderately longitudinally punctured, at apex punctures sparser, well separated, with small shiny area; basal part with up- and backwardly oriented, subrecumbent, elongate whitish and light brown intermixed scales, apical part with subrecumbent to suberect, forwardly oriented, yellowish, long seta-like scales. Head between eyes narrow, of 0.4 rostrum width at base. Eyes large, moderately rounded, not protruding from head outline. Antennae reddishbrown except moderately darkened club, inserted between 0.6 and 0.7 of rostrum length; funicle of 3/4 scape length, segment 1 wider than segment 2, segment 1 twice, segment 2 about 2.5 × as long as wide, segments 3–5 as long as wide; club spindle-shaped, 2.7 × as long as wide, of funicle length, completely covered with recumbent brownish and yellowish thin hairs and sparse erect, relatively short light brown sensilla. Pronotum: black, moderately wider than long (Pl/Pw 0.73), densely evenly punctured, punctures medium-sized, subrotund, approximately of equal size, spaces between punctures smaller than puncture diameter; covered with somewhat unevenly distributed, variously oriented, recumbent and subrecumbent, elongate (l/w 5–8), yellowish and on anterior margin very sparse blackish scales; widest at base, subparallel to indistinctly convergent in basal half, then slightly rounded and conically narrowed to anterior margin, without constriction, in lateral view flat in basal half, then abruptly strongly falling to anterior margin. Prosternum: anterior margin with relatively shallow, semicircular, sharply incised emargination, anteriorly bounded by shiny tubercles, separated from coxae by very narrow strip of prosternum. Scutellum: subtriangular with rounded apex, covered with backwardly oriented, subrecumbent to suberect scales, very densely punctured to rugulose. Elytra: black to brown, in basal 2/3 subparallel, in apical third moderately rounded, then broadly rounded at apex, moderately elongate (El/Ew 1.25), widest at about half of their length, at base moderately wider than pronotum (Ew/Pw 1.53), humeri subrotund, moderately prominent, with only indistinct posthumeral impression; almost flat on disc; interstria 1 from approximately 1/4 to more than 1/2 of medial length and in preapical area very strongly broadened, interstria 2 at same lengths very strongly narrowed to concealed, constricted laterally, interstria 3 at same lengths moderately constricted laterally encompassing very large round black tomentous maculae with narrow border formed by gingery scales; interstriae except perimacular areas of approximately equal width; odd interstriae with unevenly distributed, on dorsum indistinct, on sides clearly visible patches of whitish scales, patches of black scales very sparse, indistinct; striae very shallow, formed by even rows of large shallow round, very densely arranged punctures; entire surface covered with slightly unevenly, densely distributed, recumbent and subrecumbent, elongate (l/w 4–8) whitish and sparsely intermixed gingery scales of unequal width almost fully concealing integument. Venter: semidensely covered on sides with broader scales, in median part with very thin to hair-like elongate scales, only indistinctly denser on metepisternum and margins of ventrites 3–4; mesosternal process flat, subquadrate, blunt at posterior margin, with hairs, very densely punctured; metasternum very slightly concave to flat, transversally ribbed; ventrites 1 and 2 with relatively deep and broad impression, in proximal part rugulose, in distal part punctured; ventrite 1 1.5 × as long as ventrite 2, ventrites 1–2 combined 5.3 × as long as ventrites 3–4 combined, ventrites 3–4 combined of 0.7 length of ventrite 5. Legs: brown to dark brown, tarsi lighter, profemora thick, with small teeth emphasized by erect scales, meso- and metafemora with large subtriangular sharp teeth; femora covered with recumbent to subrecumbent whitish and scattered gingery scales, tibiae covered with subrecumbent to suberect, whitish and sparse black elongate scales, tarsi covered with suberect whitish hair-like scales, onychia with recumbent, long, thin whitish hairs, on femora scales clustered into indistinct transverse bands; protarsal onychia of normal length, as long as tarsomeres 1–3 combined, protarsal tarsomere 3 wider than long; protarsal lateral, meso- and metatarsal medial claws of about 0.6 length of their pair-claws, clearly thinner. Penis: Figs 48 d–f, its body long, parallel-sided, broadly tapered to rounded at apex.
Female. Rostrum considerably longer (Rl/Pl 1.52), apical part subparallel to very slightly concave in its midlength, antennae inserted at half of rostrum length. Ventrites 1 and 2 without impression, convex. Claws of approximately equal length.
Variability. Length ♂♂ 3.89–4.78 mm, ♀♀ 4.30–5.25 mm. This species shows no special degree of variability except for the body size. In some specimens, the dorsal elytral macula can be slightly longitudinally elongate.
Diagnosis. This species is recognizable by almost concealed elytral integument, subparallel elytra, very large dorsal and large preapical elytral maculae with border of gingery scales, relatively stout rostrum, in lateral view of same width from base to shortly before apex, and relatively deep and broad impression on ventrites 1 and 2 in males.
Comparative notes. Cionus longicollis is most closely related to C. montanus and C. atlanticus. It differs from former by the presence of a border of gingery scales around both elytral maculae, and from latter by larger body size and large round dorsal elytral macula.
Biological notes. The first author collected this species in Spain (Castilla-León, Besande) in series on a large Verbascum sp. resembling V. densiflorum. Hoffmann (1958) reported V. lychnitis as the host plant which is unlikely due to the first author´s observations.
Distribution. This species is widespread in the European part of West Mediterranean from southern France (Alps, Provence, Garonne, Pyrenées) to Spain (Cataluña, Castilla y León, Navarra, Aragon, Andalucía: Puerto de la Ragua). We did not examine specimens from Portugal, and know only one record from southern Spain. Countries and areas of distribution like western Siberia, Finland, Germany etc. (Caldara, 2013) as well as record from Great Britain by Morris (2012) are surely based on data concerning C. montanus, which was previously regarded as a subspecies of C. longicollis.
Non-type specimens examined. We examined 105 specimens from the above mentioned regions. FRANCE: Abries, Ariege, Eastern Pyrenees, Embrun, Hospice de France, Vernet; SPAIN: Andalusia, Aragon, Cantabria, Castilla-León (Besande), Catalunya, Girona (La Molina), Huesca (Torla), Lerida, Navarra.
description: Published as part of Košťál, Michael & Caldara, Roberto, 2019, Revision of Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 4631 (1) on pages 81-83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4631.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3294117