cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dust-free starburst galaxies at redshifts $z>10$
Creators: name: Nath, Biman B.
name: Vasiliev, Evgenii O.
name: Drozdov, Sergey A.
name: Shchekinov, Yuri A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most distant galaxies GN-z11 was formed when the Universe was $\le$ 400 Myr old, and it displays a burst-like star formation rate $\sim 25~M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ with a metallicity $Z\sim 0.2\pm 0.1Z_\odot$. It resembles $z=2-3$ galaxies (at ``cosmic noon") except for the fact that the measured reddening $E(B-V)=0.01\pm 0.01$ indicates the presence of little or no dust. This marked absence of dust hints towards violent dynamical events that destroy or evacuate dust along with gas out of the galaxy on a relatively short time scale and make it transparent. We apply a 3D numerical model to infer possible physical characteristics of these events. We demonstrate that the energetics of the observed star formation rate is sufficient to tear apart the dusty veil on time scales of $20-25$ Myr. This can explain the apparent lack of evolution of UV luminosity function of galaxies between and $z\ge 10$ and $z\sim 7$, by compensating for the lower galaxy masses at higher redshift by the absence of dust. We show, however, that this is a temporary phenomenon and soon after the last of the supernovae explosions have taken place, the expanding shell shrinks and obscures the galaxy on time scales of $\approx 5-8$ Myr.
description: accepted to MNRAS, 6 pages, 3 figures
Unfolded Fierz-Pauli Equations in Three-Dimensional Asymptotically Flat Spacetimes
Creators: name: Ammon, Martin
name: Pannier, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We utilise a quotient of the universal enveloping algebra of the Poincaré algebra in three spacetime dimensions, on which we formulate a covariant constancy condition. The equations so obtained contain the Fierz-Pauli equations for non-interacting, massive higher-spin fields, and can thus be regarded as an unfolding of the Fierz-Pauli system. All fundamental fields completely decouple from each other. In the non-truncated case, the field content includes infinitely many copies of each field at fixed spin.
Unless: an experimental approach
Creators: name: Nadathur, Prerna
name: Lassiter, Daniel
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: The semantics of unless has posed a challenge for compositional theories of semantics, and its role as a restrictor of quantifiers is a source of empirical as well as theoretical controversy. We report on an experiment which tests the predictions of the prominent “exceptive” account of unless, in particular with respect to how it differs from if not. Our results reveal categorical as well as graded patterns of difference between the two conditionals. These patterns falsify previous accounts and motivate a new theoretical picture in which the compositionality issue does not arise, and presupposition and implicature play a central role.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 19 (2015): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 19
On the morphosyntactic representation of dependent quantification: distance distributivity, dependent indefinites, and Skolemization
Creators: name: Milačić, Dejan
name: Singh, Raj
name: Toivonen, Ida
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: It is commonly assumed that distance distributive elements like binominal each are operators that may or may not be related to other instances of the word each (e.g., floated each). We propose instead that binominal each is a bound variable in the Skolem term denoted by the indefinite noun phrase that each appears adjacent to. We argue that this approach captures various generalizations about the distribution of distance distributive elements within and across languages, and in particular it unifies distance distributivity with dependent indefinites as instances of the more general idea that languages sometimes morphologically mark ‘dependent quantification.’
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 19 (2015): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 19
Nonlocal Models of Cosmic Acceleration
Creators: name: Woodard, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review a class of nonlocally modified gravity models which were proposed to explain the current phase of cosmic acceleration without dark energy. Among the topics considered are deriving causal and conserved field equations, adjusting the model to make it support a given expansion history, why these models do not require an elaborate screening mechanism to evade solar system tests, degrees of freedom and kinetic stability, and the negative verdict of structure formation. Although these simple models are not consistent with data on the growth of cosmic structures many of their features are likely to carry over to more complicated models which are in better agreement with the data.
description: 20 pages, one figure, review article written at the request of Foundations of Physics
A Swing of the Pendulum: The Chemodynamics of the Local Stellar Halo Indicate Contributions from Several Radial Merger Events
Creators: name: Donlon, Thomas
name: Newberg, Heidi Jo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that the chemical abundances and dynamics of APOGEE and GALAH stars in the local stellar halo are inconsistent with a scenario in which the inner halo is primarily composed of debris from a single, massive, ancient merger event, as has been proposed to explain the Gaia-Enceladus/Gaia Sausage (GSE) structure. The data contains trends of chemical composition with energy which are opposite to expectations for a single massive, ancient merger event, and multiple chemical evolution paths with distinct dynamics are present. We use a Bayesian Gaussian mixture model regression algorithm to characterize the local stellar halo, and find that the data is best fit by a model with four components. We interpret these components as the VRM, Cronus, Nereus, and Thamnos; however, Nereus and Thamnos likely represent more than one accretion event because the chemical abundance distributions of their member stars contain many peaks. Although the Cronus and Thamnos components have different dynamics, their chemical abundances suggest they may be related. We show that the distinct low and high alpha halo populations from Nissen & Schuster (2010) are explained by VRM and Cronus stars, as well as some in-situ stars. Because the local stellar halo contains multiple substructures, different popular methods of selecting GSE stars will actually select different mixtures of these substructures, which may change the apparent chemodynamic properties of the selected stars. We also find that the Splash stars in the solar region are shifted to higher v_phi and slightly lower [Fe/H] than previously reported.
A single-event analysis for German eventive mit-modifiers
Creators: name: Lukassek, Julia
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: German adverbial modifiers headed by the preposition mit ‘with’ can have eventive internal arguments. The combinatorics of these modifiers with their verbal target raises the question whether the modifying and the modified event description are to be considered as referring to one or to two events. I argue that eventive mit-modifiers and their targets refer to one event, but they conceptualize this event in two ways. Furthermore, the interpretation of the modified verbal projection depends on the position at which the modifier is integrated. More precisely, eventive mit-modifiers can target either the event kind contributed by the matrix predicate or the full-fledged event particular. This is implemented in an analysis in terms of accommodation of a dual aspect event within the framework of Type Composition Logic.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 19 (2015): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 19
Energy Redistribution Signatures in Transmission Microscopy of Rayleigh- and Mie-particles
Creators: name: Selmke, Markus
name: Cichos, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transmission characteristics of a spherical (possibly multilayered) particle of arbitrary size under focused illumination are discussed within the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. Expressions generalizing the total extinction and scattering cross-sections to their fractional counterparts are presented which allow for a convenient modeling of transmission signals, both on-axis and off-axis. The strong dependence of the signal on the collection angle and the complex polarizability are readily included in this minimal, yet accurate model. The precise signature of the energy redistribution and absorption are found for particles of arbitrary complex-valued polarizability. For perfect dielectrics, a transition from sensitive extinction to insensitive scattering signals is observed and quantified for apertures including angles larger than twice the beam's angle of divergence. Implications for positioning, temperature control, spectroscopy and optimized extinction measurements are discussed.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
On Supersymmetric Multipole Ratios
Creators: name: Ganchev, Bogdan
name: Mayerson, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Four-dimensional supersymmetric black holes are static and so have all vanishing multipoles. Nevertheless, it is possible to define finite multipole ratios for these black holes, by taking the ratio of (finite) multipoles of supersymmetric multicentered geometries and then taking the black hole scaling limit of the multipole ratios within these geometries. An alternative way to calculate these multipole ratios is to deform the supersymmetric black hole slightly into a non-extremal, rotating black hole, calculate the multipole ratios of this altered black hole, and then take the supersymmetric limit of the ratios. Bena and Mayerson observed that for a class of microstate geometries, these two a priori completely different methods give spectacular agreement for the resulting supersymmetric black hole multipole ratios. They conjectured that this agreement is due to the smallness of the entropy parameter for these black holes. We correct this conjecture and give strong evidence supporting a more refined conjecture, which is that the agreement of multipole ratios as calculated with these two different methods is due to both the microstate geometry and its corresponding black hole having a property we call "large dipole", which can be interpreted as their center of mass being far away from its apparent center.
description: 23 pages + 3 pages appendix, 4 figures
Biscuits and provisos: Providing unconditional information by conditional means
Creators: name: Lauer, Sven
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Independence-based accounts of biscuit conditionals and the proviso problem are attractive due to their parsimony. This paper spells out the semantic and pragmatic background assumptions underlying such accounts, and raises the issue whether they can be adopted for both phenomena jointly. At first blush, the answer is clearly negative, but there is hope for reconciliation, once an independent Gricean factor is taken into account.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 19 (2015): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 19
Recent Star Formation in the Leading Arm of the Magellanic Stream
Creators: name: Casetti-Dinescu, Dana I.
name: Bidin, Christian Moni
name: Girard, Terrence M.
name: Mendez, Rene A.
name: Vieira, Katherine
name: Korchagin, Vladimir I.
name: van Altena, William F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly interacting galaxies undergo a short-lived but dramatic phase of evolution characterized by enhanced star formation, tidal tails, bridges and other morphological peculiarities. The nearest example of a pair of interacting galaxies is the Magellanic Clouds, whose dynamical interaction produced the gaseous features known as the Magellanic Stream trailing the pair's orbit about the Galaxy, the Bridge between the Clouds, and the Leading Arm, a wide and irregular feature leading the orbit. Young, newly formed stars in the Bridge are known to exist, giving witness to the recent interaction between the Clouds. However, the interaction of the Clouds with the Milky Way is less well understood. In particular, the Leading Arm must have a tidal origin, however no purely gravitational model is able to reproduce its morphology and kinematics. A hydrodynamical interaction with the gaseous hot halo and disk of the Galaxy is plausible as suggested by some models and supporting neutral hydrogen observations. Here we show for the first time that young, recently formed stars exist in the Leading Arm, indicating that the interaction between the Clouds and our Galaxy is strong enough to trigger star formation in certain regions of the Leading Arm --- regions in the outskirts of the Milky Way disk (R ~ 18 kpc), far away from the Clouds and the Bridge.
description: accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Watch the attitude: Embedding and role-shift in ASL
Creators: name: Koulidobrova, Helen
name: Davidson, Kathryn
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Much of the work on attitude predicates, spawned by Hintikka (1962), treats them as a uniform class – quantifiers over possible worlds. However, recently a number of suggestions have been made that highlight different subclasses. Here we present novel data from American Sign Language (ASL) that support a differentiation made by Anand and Hacquard (2008) concerning the objectivity and subjectivity of their complements, while also bringing into focus a special property of Sign Languages – role shift.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 19 (2015): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 19
Connecting the one-band and three-band Hubbard models of cuprates via spectroscopy and scattering experiments
Creators: name: Sheshadri, K.
name: Malterre, D.
name: Fujimori, A.
name: Chainani, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one-band and three-band Hubbard models which describe the electronic structure of cuprates indicate very different values of effective electronic parameters, such as the on-site Coulomb energy and the hybridization strength. In contrast, a comparison of electronic parameters of several cuprates with corresponding values from spectroscopy and scattering experiments indicates similar values in the three-band model and cluster model calculations used to simulate experimental results. The Heisenberg exchange coupling $J$ obtained by a downfolding method in terms of the three band parameters is used to carry out an optimization analysis consistent with $J$ from neutron scattering experiments for a series of cuprates. In addition, the effective one-band parameters $\tilde{U}$ and $\tilde{t}$ are described using the three band parameters, thus revealing the hidden equivalence of the one-band and three-band models. The ground-state singlet weights obtained from an exact diagonalization elucidates the role of Zhang-Rice singlets in the equivalence. The results provide a consistent method to connect electronic parameters obtained from spectroscopy and the three-band model with values of $J$ obtained from scattering experiments, band dispersion measurements and the effective one-band Hubbard model.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure (submitted to Physical Review B)
A model for self-organization of sensorimotor function: the spinal monosynaptic loop
Creators: name: Enander, Jonas
name: Jörntell, Henrik
name: Loeb, Gerald E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Neuroscience

description: Recent spinal cord literature abounds with descriptions of genetic preprogramming and the molecular control of circuit
 formation. In this paper, we explore to what extent circuit formation based on learning rather than preprogramming could
 explain the selective formation of the monosynaptic projections between muscle spindle primary afferents and homony-
 mous motoneurons. We adjusted the initially randomized gains in the neural network according to a Hebbian plasticity
 rule while exercising the model system with spontaneous muscle activity patterns similar to those observed during early
 fetal development. Normal connectivity patterns developed only when we modeled b motoneurons, which are known to
 innervate both intrafusal and extrafusal muscle fibers in vertebrate muscles but were not considered in previous literature
 regarding selective formation of these synapses in animals with paralyzed muscles. It was also helpful to correctly model
 the greatly reduced contractility of extrafusal muscle fibers during early development. Stronger and more coordinated
 muscle activity patterns such as observed later during neonatal locomotion impaired projection selectivity. These findings
 imply a generic functionality of a musculoskeletal system to imprint important aspects of its mechanical dynamics onto a
 neural network, without specific preprogramming other than setting a critical period for the formation and maturation of
 this general pattern of connectivity. Such functionality would facilitate the successful evolution of new species with
 altered musculoskeletal anatomy, and it may help to explain patterns of connectivity and associated reflexes that appear
 during abnormal development.
Evidentials in attitudes: do’s and don’ts
Creators: name: Korotkova, Natalia
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper is devoted to evidentials in attitudinal complements. I start with two empirical observations. A. Some logically possible interpretations are systematically not attested for evidentials-in-attitudes. This new observation has no straightforward account in the current literature. B. Languages vary with respect to whether or not evidentials-in-attitudes shift, i.e. whether they are speaker-oriented (as in root declaratives) or not. The variation has been previously attributed to the semantic non-uniformity of evidentials. I argue against this view. To account for A, I propose that evidentials are self-ascriptions, which is additionally motivated by their behavior in matrix clauses. To account for B, I propose that evidential shift is an instance of indexical shift driven by a monster operator à la Anand and Nevins (2004), which explains previously unnoticed similarities in restrictions on both kinds of shift. Understanding what happens in attitude reports has often been key to the semantics of many phenomena, e.g. pronouns and modals. Offering the first systematic examination of evidentials-in-attitudes across languages, the paper makes a case for evidentials and broadens our understanding of perspective-sensitivity in general.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 19 (2015): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 19
Some rigidity results on critical metrics for quadratic functionals
Creators: name: Catino, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we prove rigidity results on critical metrics for quadratic curvature functionals, involving the Ricci and the scalar curvature, on the space of Riemannian metrics with unit volume. It is well-known that Einstein metrics are always critical points. The purpose of this article is to show that, under some curvature conditions, a partial converse is true. In particular, for a class of quadratic curvature functionals, we prove that every critical metric with non-negative sectional curvature must be Einstein.
Electromagnetic draping of merging neutron stars
Creators: name: Lyutikov, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We first derive a set of equations describing general stationary configurations of relativistic force-free plasma, without assuming any geometric symmetries. We then demonstrate that electromagnetic interaction of merging neutron stars is necessarily dissipative due to the effect of electromagnetic draping - creation of dissipative regions near the star (in the single-magnetized case) or at the magnetospheric boundary (in the double-magnetized case). Our results indicate that even in the single magnetized case we expect that relativistic jets (or ``tongues'') are produced, with correspondingly beamed emission pattern.
A Physics-informed Diffusion Model for High-fidelity Flow Field Reconstruction
Creators: name: Shu, Dule
name: Li, Zijie
name: Farimani, Amir Barati
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning models are gaining increasing popularity in the domain of fluid dynamics for their potential to accelerate the production of high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics data. However, many recently proposed machine learning models for high-fidelity data reconstruction require low-fidelity data for model training. Such requirement restrains the application performance of these models, since their data reconstruction accuracy would drop significantly if the low-fidelity input data used in model test has a large deviation from the training data. To overcome this restraint, we propose a diffusion model which only uses high-fidelity data at training. With different configurations, our model is able to reconstruct high-fidelity data from either a regular low-fidelity sample or a sparsely measured sample, and is also able to gain an accuracy increase by using physics-informed conditioning information from a known partial differential equation when that is available. Experimental results demonstrate that our model can produce accurate reconstruction results for 2d turbulent flows based on different input sources without retraining.
Economy of structure and information: Oddness, questions, and answers
Creators: name: Katzir, Roni
name: Singh, Raj
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: We examine two conflicting perspectives on oddness: Magri (2009, 2011)’s theory, which derives oddness from blind inferences that clash with common knowledge, and Spector (2014)’s theory that derives oddness from trivial alternatives. Building on these works, we offer a third alternative, one that relies on a discourse condition that says that a good assertion is one that provides a good answer to a good question. A remaining difficulty is the persistence of oddness when the relevant sentences are embedded in environments that are predicted to satisfy the proposed appropriateness conditions.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 19 (2015): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 19
Noise activated dissociation of soft elastic contacts
Creators: name: Chaudhury, M. K.
name: Goohpattader, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adhesive forces are capable of deforming a soft elastic object when it comes in contact with a flat rigid substrate. The contact is in stable equilibrium if the total energy of the system arising from the elastic and surface forces exhibits a minimum at a zero or at a slightly negative load. However, as the system is continually unloaded, the energy barrier decreases and it eventually disappears, thus leading to a ballistic separation of the contact. While this type of contact splitting has received wide recognition, what has not been much appreciated with these types of soft adhesion problems is that rupture of a contact can also occur at any finite sub critical load in the presence of a noise. The soft contact problems are unique in that the noise can be a-thermal, whereas the metastable and stable states of the thermodynamic potential can arise from the competition of the elastic and the inter-facial energies of the system. Analysis based on activated rate theory and simulations based on stochastic dynamics show that the contact rupture dynamics is amenable to a force and noise induced escape of a particle from a potential well that is generic to various types of colloidal and macromolecular processes. These ideas are useful in understanding the results of a recent experiment involving the noise activated rolling dynamics of a rigid sphere on a surface, where it is pinned by soft micro-fibrils.
1.5D NLTE spectral synthesis of a 3D filament/prominence simulation
Creators: name: Jenkins, J. M.
name: Osborne, C. M. J.
name: Keppens, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We here demonstrate how the recently developed Lightweaver framework makes non-LTE (NLTE) spectral synthesis feasible on a new 3D ab-initio magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) filament/prominence simulation, in a post-processing step. Methods. We clarify the need to introduce filament/prominent-specific Lightweaver boundary conditions that accurately model incident chromospheric radiation, and include a self-consistent and smoothly varying limb darkening function. Results. Progressing from isothermal/isobaric models to the self-consistently generated stratifications within a fully 3D MHD filament/prominence simulation, we find excellent agreement between our 1.5D non local thermodynamic equilibrium Lightweaver synthesis and a popular Hydrogen Hα proxy. We compute additional lines including Ca~\textsc{ii} 8542 alongside the more optically-thick Ca~\textsc{ii} H&K & Mg~\textsc{ii} h&k lines, for which no comparable proxy exists, and explore their formation properties within filament/prominence atmospheres. Conclusions. The versatility of the Lightweaver framework is demonstrated with this extension to 1.5D filament/prominence models, where each vertical column of the instantaneous 3D MHD state is spectrally analysed separately, without accounting for (important) multi-dimensional radiative effects. The general agreement found in the line core contrast of both observations and the Lightweaver-synthesised simulation further validates the current generation of solar filaments/prominences models constructed numerically with MPI-AMRVAC.
description: 16+2 pages with appendix, 12+1 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
title: First Report of a Methicillin-Resistant, High-Level Mupirocin-Resistant 'Staphylococcus' argenteus
Creators: name: Shittu, Adebayo Osagie
name: Layer, Franziska
name: Strommenger, Birgit
name: Nguyen, Minh Thu
name: Bletz, Stefan
name: Mellmann, Alexander
name: Schaumburg, Frieder
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: We describe the identification of a methicillin-resistant, high-level mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus argenteus. The isolate (1801221) was characterized as t6675-ST2250-SCCmecIVc, and whole-genome sequencing revealed that the isolate possessed two plasmids. One plasmid (34,870 bp), designated p1_1801221 with rep23, harboured the mupirocin resistance (mupA) gene. The second plasmid (20,644 bp), assigned as p2_1801221 with rep5a and rep16, carried the resistance determinants for penicillin (blaZ) and cadmium (cadD). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate clustered with the European ST2250 lineage. The overall high similarity of both plasmids in S. argenteus with published DNA sequences of Staphylococcus aureus plasmids strongly suggests an interspecies transfer. The pathogenic potential, community and nosocomial spread, and acquisition of antibiotic resistance gene determinants, including the mupA gene by S. argenteus, highlight its clinical significance and the need for its correct identification.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU Münster).
Only if: If only we understood it
Creators: name: Herburger, Elena
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: I argue that the puzzle that only if conditionals continue to pose is solved if their bare conditional prejacents are analyzed as having existential force. The existential conditional I propose is also argued to help shed light on the semantic behavior of conditionals under negative quantifiers and to explain why we often feel that the negation of an entire conditional is equivalent to the negation of its consequent.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 19 (2015): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 19
Expressive, much?
Creators: name: Gutzmann, Daniel
name: Henderson, Robert
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper investigates a novel use of much in a construction that has not yet been recognized in the literature—Angry, much?—which we dub “expressive much”. Our primary proposal is that expressive much is a shunting operator in the sense of McCready 2010, which targets a gradable predicate and adds a speaker’s evaluative attitude about the degree to which an individual stands out on the relevant scale. In particular, we argue that it does so in a way that allows it to perform an “expressive question”, which can be understood as a counterpart to a polar question, but in the expressive meaning dimension.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 19 (2015): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 19
A Typology of Collaboration Platform Users
Creators: name: Bezzubtseva, Anastasia
name: Ignatov, Dmitry I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.4.3
subject: 68U35, 91D30

description: In this paper we present a review of the existing typologies of Internet service users. We zoom in on social networking services including blogs and crowdsourcing websites. Based on the results of the analysis of the considered typologies obtained by means of FCA we developed a new user typology of a certain class of Internet services, namely a collaboration innovation platform. Cluster analysis of data extracted from the collaboration platform Witology was used to divide more than 500 participants into six groups based on three activity indicators: idea generation, commenting, and evaluation (assigning marks) The obtained groups and their percentages appear to follow the "90 - 9 - 1" rule.
A model for self-organization of sensorimotor function: spinal interneuronal integration
Creators: name: Enander, Jonas
name: Jörntell, Henrik
name: Loeb, Gerald E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Neuroscience

description: Control of musculoskeletal systems depends on integration of voluntary commands and somatosensory feedback in the complex
 neural circuits of the spinal cord. It has been suggested that the various connectivity patterns that have been identified experi-
 mentally may result from the many transcriptional types that have been observed in spinal interneurons. We ask instead whether
 the muscle-specific details of observed connectivity patterns can arise as a consequence of Hebbian adaptation during early de-
 velopment, rather than being genetically ordained. We constructed an anatomically simplified model musculoskeletal system
 with realistic muscles and sensors and connected it to a recurrent, random neuronal network consisting of both excitatory and
 inhibitory neurons endowed with Hebbian learning rules. We then generated a wide set of randomized muscle twitches typical
 of those described during fetal development and allowed the network to learn. Multiple simulations consistently resulted in
 diverse and stable patterns of activity and connectivity that included subsets of the interneurons that were similar to “archetypi-
 cal” interneurons described in the literature. We also found that such learning led to an increased degree of cooperativity
 between interneurons when performing larger limb movements on which it had not been trained. Hebbian learning gives rise to
 rich sets of diverse interneurons whose connectivity reflects the mechanical properties of the system. At least some of the tran-
 scriptomic diversity may reflect the effects of this process rather than the cause of the connectivity. Such a learning process
 seems better suited to respond to the musculoskeletal mutations that underlie the evolution of new species.
Singular count pseudo-partitives
Creators: name: Grove, Julian
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Inversion-constructions, like too tasty of a cake and a disaster of a conference, have generally been treated separately from superficially similar-looking pseudo-partitives, like three gallons of water. I argue for an analysis that unifies the syntax and semantics of the two constructions through a proposal about the head of that appears in both. Both constructions involve the composition of two properties: one is contributed by the head noun; the other is contributed by the modifier, i.e., the measure-phrase in pseudo-partitives and the noun phrase or degree phrase in inversion-constructions. Moreover, while pseudo-partitives involve the composition of two properties of individuals, inversion-constructions involve the composition of two properties of states. A single semantic constraint—non-divisiveness of the property denoted by the modifier—is seen to play a role in both types of constructions, and, in particular, to predict both the monotonicity of modifiers in pseudo-partitives and the gradability of modifiers in inversion-constructions.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 19 (2015): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 19
Deontic and Epistemic Modals in Suppositional [Inquisitive] Semantics
Creators: name: Aher, Martin
name: Groenendijk, Jeroen
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: In Groenendijk and Roelofsen (2015) a suppositional semantics for implication is proposed within the general framework of inquisitive semantics. Our aim is to extend this semantic approach to epistemic and deontic modals, but, for the purposes of this short paper, we bracketed off inquisitive aspects of meaning. To illustrate the semantics we discuss a semantic solution to a Jackson inspired puzzle which involves the interaction of implication and both types of modals.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 19 (2015): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 19
Temporal noch/still and further-to readings of German noch
Creators: name: Beck, Sigrid
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: In this paper I propose an analysis of temporal still and its German counterpart noch. The proposal unifies earlier analyses e.g. of 'it is still raining', 'it is still 8am'. It is then applied to so-called further-to noch in German as in 'Ich gehe noch einkaufen' (lit.: 'I still go shopping' = 'I will just quickly go shopping'). The proposal highlights the interesting interaction of syntactic structure, presupposition, implicature and focus in such sentences.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 20 (2016): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 20
A comment on the arguments about the reliability and convergence of chaotic simulations
Creators: name: Liao, Shijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Yao and Hughes commented (Tellus-A, 60: 803 - 805, 2008) that "all chaotic responses are simply numerical noise and have nothing to do with the solutions of differential equations". However, using 1200 CPUs of the National Supercomputer TH-A1 and a parallel integral algorithm of the so-called "Clean Numerical Simulation" (CNS) based on the 3500th-order Taylor expansion and data in 4180-digit multiple precision, one can gain reliable, convergent chaotic solution of Lorenz equation in a rather long interval [0,10000]. This supports Lorenz's optimistic viewpoint (Tellus-A, 60: 806 - 807, 2008): "numerical approximations can converge to a chaotic true solution throughout any finite range of time".
description: 2 pages
Obligatory Triggers under Negation
Creators: name: Bade, Nadine
name: Tiemann, Sonja
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: In this paper, we present two experimental studies which test the different predictions of two theories for the obligatory occurrence of the presupposition triggers ”again” and ”too” (German ”auch” and ”wieder”) under negation. One theory assumes that ”again” and ”too” are inserted to avoid a mandatory exhaustivity implicature that contradicts the context. A second theory assumes that the insertion of ”again” and ”too” follows from a principle Maximize Presupposition (Heim 1991). We provide experimental evidence that shows that both triggers are not obligatory under negation. This supports an approach which works with obligatory exhaustivity implicatures and speaks against an analysis using Maximize Presupposition.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 20 (2016): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 20
Modified numerals revisited: The cases of fewer than 4 and between 4 and 8
Creators: name: Zhang, Linmin
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: There seems an interplay between (i) the interpretation of sentences containing non-increasing modified numerals (e.g., fewer than 4, between 4 and 8) and (ii) the type of predicates in those sentences. For example, (i) fewer than 4 boys smiled, where the predicate is distributive, has no existential entailment, but an upper-bound reading; while (ii) fewer than 4 boys lifted the piano together, where the predicate is collective, has an existential entailment, but no upper-bound reading. Following Brasoveanu (2013)’s post-supposition-style account for modified numerals, here I propose that (I) the semantic contribution of non-increasing modified numerals is twofold: (i) introducing a maximal referent as at-issue meaning in the derivation, and (ii) adding a cardinality constraint as a secondary dimension of meaning, and that (II) it is the type of predicates (distributive vs. collective) that determines the scope of maximization and where to evaluate this secondary dimension of meaning – at the sentential level or within a group-denoting DP.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 21 No 2 (2018): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 21
Japanese alternative questions and a unified in-situ semantics for ka
Creators: name: Uegaki, Wataru
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: In Japanese, the interpretation of a clause involving a wh-item and the Q-particle ka is conditioned by the syntactic position of ka. In a parallel fashion, we observe that the syntactic position of ka conditions the interpretation of a disjunctive construction of the form α-ka β-ka. We propose a two-tier alternative semantics for wh+ka and ka-disjunction that accounts for the parallel syntactic conditioning effect in a unified fashion.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 21 No 2 (2018): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 21
Avalanches mediate crystallization in a hard-sphere glass
Creators: name: Sanz, Eduardo
name: Valeriani, Chantal
name: Zaccarelli, Emanuela
name: Poon, Wilson C K
name: Cates, Michael E
name: Pusey, Peter N
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By molecular-dynamics simulations, we have studied the devitrification (or crystallization) of aged hard-sphere glasses. First, we find that the dynamics of the particles are intermittent: Quiescent periods, when the particles simply "rattle" in their nearest-neighbor cages, are interrupted by abrupt "avalanches," where a subset of particles undergo large rearrangements. Second, we find that crystallization is associated with these avalanches but that the connection is not straightforward. The amount of crystal in the system increases during an avalanche, but most of the particles that become crystalline are different from those involved in the avalanche. Third, the occurrence of the avalanches is a largely stochastic process. Randomizing the velocities of the particles at any time during the simulation leads to a different subsequent series of avalanches. The spatial distribution of avalanching particles appears random, although correlations are found among avalanche initiation events. By contrast, we find that crystallization tends to take place in regions that already show incipient local order.
title: When the little guy wins
Creators: name: Kalita, Jacek Marek
Year: 2023

description: Der Underdog-Effekt, bei dem Unternehmen, die als weniger erfolgsversprechend gelten, mehr Unterstützung erhalten, ist eine weit verbreitete Strategie im Sport, in der Politik und in der Wirtschaft. Diese Studie untersucht den Einfluss verschiedener Konsumdomänen, hedonistischer und utilitaristischer Art, auf den Underdog-Effekt. Unter Verwendung eines Mikrowellenherds als utilitaristischem und eines Restaurants als hedonistischem Ansatz demonstriert dieser Artikel eine moderierende Wirkung des Konsumbereichs. Die Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter 187 Teilnehmern zeigen, dass Verbraucher den Underdog für hedonistischen Konsum und den Top Dog für Gebrauchsprodukte bevorzugen. Das Verständnis dieser Dynamik ist entscheidend, um den Underdog-Effekt effektiv nutzen zu können
description: The underdog effect, whereby entities perceived as less likely to succeed attract greater support, is a widely used strategy in sports, politics, and business. This study examines the impact of different consumption domains, hedonic and utilitarian, on the underdog effect. Using a microwave oven as utilitarian and a restaurant as hedonic, this paper demonstrates a moderating effect of the consumption domain. The results, derived from a survey of 187 participants, show that consumers prefer the underdog for hedonic consumption and the top dog for utilitarian products. Understanding this comparison is crucial for effectively exploiting the underdog effect.
Conjoining imperatives and declaratives
Creators: name: Starr, William B.
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper investigates conjoined imperatives and declaratives (IaDs). It argues that some IaDs are best explained in terms of true conjunction and anaphora between conjuncts, despite challenges posed by von Fintel and Iatridou (2017). The key to addressing these challenges is a dynamic, non-modal analysis of imperatives building on Starr (to appear). The other IaDs are explained by appeal to a semantically related use of and, e.g. ‘left-subordinating and (LSand)’ (Culicover and Jackendoff 1997). These other IaDs neutralize the directive meaning of the imperative, and this paper offers a new account of this building on ‘parameter-change conjunction’ (Klinedinst and Rothschild 2012). New data is presented that helps distinguish between the varieties of IaD, and it is shown that the proposed analysis captures it.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 21 No 2 (2018): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 21
An overview of neV probes of PeV scale physics --- and of what's in between
Creators: name: Gardner, Susan
name: Plaster, Brad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-energy experiments which would identify departures from the Standard Model (SM) rely either on the unexpected observation of symmetry breaking, such as of CP or B, or on an observed significant deviation from a precise SM prediction. We discuss examples of each search strategy, and show that low-energy experiments can open windows on physics far beyond accessible collider energies. We consider how the use of a frequentist analysis framework can redress the impact of theoretical uncertainties in such searches --- and how lattice QCD can help control them.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, prepared for the proceedings of MENU 2013, the 13th International Conference on Meson-Nucleon Physics and the Structure of the Nucleon, Rome, Sept. 30 - Oct. 4, 2013
VERTICO III: The Kennicutt-Schmidt relation in Virgo cluster galaxies
Creators: name: Jiménez-Donaire, M. J.
name: Brown, T.
name: Wilson, C. D.
name: Roberts, I. D.
name: Zabel, N.
name: Ellison, S. L.
name: Thorp, M.
name: Villanueva, V.
name: Chown, R.
name: Bisaria, D.
name: Bolatto, A. D.
name: Boselli, A.
name: Catinella, B.
name: Chung, A.
name: Cortese, L.
name: Davis, T. A.
name: Lagos, C. D. P.
name: Lee, B.
name: Parker, L. C.
name: Spekkens, K.
name: Stevens, A. R. H.
name: Sun, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this VERTICO science paper we aim to study how the star formation process depends on galactic environment and gravitational interactions in the context of galaxy evolution. We explore the scaling relation between the star formation rate (SFR) surface density and the molecular gas surface density, also known as the Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation, in a subsample of Virgo cluster spiral galaxies. We use new ACA and TP observations from the VERTICO-ALMA Large Program at 720pc resolution to resolve the molecular gas content, as traced by the 12CO(2-1) transition, across the disks of 37 spiral galaxies in the Virgo cluster. In combination with archival observations, we estimate the parameters of the KS relation for the entire ensemble of galaxies, and within individual galaxies. We find the KS slope for the entire population to be N=0.97+/-0.07, with a characteristic molecular gas depletion time of 1.86Gyr for our full sample, in agreement with previous work in isolated star-forming galaxies. In individual galaxies, we find KS slopes ranging between 0.69 and 1.40, and typical star formation efficiencies (SFE) that can vary from galaxy to galaxy by a factor of ~4. These galaxy-to-galaxy variations account for ~0.20dex in scatter in the ensemble KS relation, which is characterized by a 0.42dex scatter. We find that the HI-deficient galaxies in the Virgo cluster show a steeper resolved KS relation and lower molecular gas efficiencies than HI-normal cluster galaxies. While the molecular gas content in Virgo cluster galaxies appears to behave similarly to that in isolated galaxies, our VERTICO sample shows that cluster environments play a key role in regulating star formation. The environmental mechanisms affecting the HI galaxy content also have a direct impact in the SFE of molecular gas in cluster galaxies, leading to longer depletion times in HI-deficient members.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics