cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The action of HRT-areas as operators in semiclassical gravity
Creators: name: Kaplan, Molly
name: Marolf, Donald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the action of Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi (HRT) area operators on the covariant phase space of classical solutions. It has been previously proposed that this action generates a transformation which, roughly speaking, boosts the entanglement wedge on one side of the HRT surface relative to the entanglement wedge on the other side. We give a sharp argument for a precise result of this form in a general theory of Einstein-Hilbert gravity minimally coupled to matter, taking appropriate care with asymptotically Anti-de Sitter (AdS) boundary conditions. The result agrees with direct computations of commutators involving HRT areas in pure 2+1 dimensional Einstein-Hilbert gravity on spacetimes asymptotic to planar AdS. We also clarify the sense in which this transformation is singular in the deep UV when the HRT-surface is anchored to an asymptotically AdS boundary.
description: 28 pages, 2 figures, v2: fixed minor typos, v3: fixed minor typos
The shape of sunspots and solar activity cycles
Creators: name: Tlatov, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper presents the results of the analysis of the geometric characteristics of sunspots for the period of 19-24 cycles of activity. The shape of sunspots was studied on the basis of the method of normalization of images of sunspots to study the average profile of the spot. The deviation of the shape of sunspots from the axisymmetric configuration is investigated. It was found that the spots, as a rule, have an ellipsoid shape, and the major axis of the ellipse has a predominant inclination to the equator, opposite in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The angle of inclination of the sunspot axis corresponds to the angle of inclination of the bipoles in the activity cycles. The relationship between the shape of sunspots in the current cycle and the amplitude of the next cycle of activity is found. The greater the elongation along the longitude of the current cycle of spots, the higher the next cycle of activity will be.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Compact, Watt-class 785 nm dual-wavelength master oscillator power amplifiers
Creators: name: Müller, André
name: Maiwald, Martin
name: Sumpf, Bernd
Publisher: name: Bristol ; Philadelphia, PA : IOP Publishing Ltd.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: diode laser
subject: distributed Bragg reflector
subject: dual-wavelength
subject: master oscillator power amplifier
subject: Raman spectroscopy
subject: tapered amplifier
subject: 530

description: 785 nm micro-integrated, dual-wavelength master oscillator power amplifiers with a footprint of 5 mm × 25 mm are presented. They are based on Y-branch distributed Bragg reflector ridge waveguide diode lasers and anti-reflection coated tapered amplifiers. In order to reduce the impact of potential optical feedback, devices with master oscillator front facet reflectivities of 5% and 30% as well as with an integrated miniaturized optical isolator have been realized. A comparison up to 1 W shows narrowband dual wavelength laser emission with a spectral distance of 0.6 nm (10 cm−1) and individual spectral widths <20 pm. As expected, a higher front facet reflectivity leads to a significant reduction of feedback related mode hops. Longitudinal modes corresponding to the master oscillator resonator length remain within spectral windows <0.15 nm (3 cm−1), suitable for applications such as Raman spectroscopy and especially shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy. Integrating a compact 30 dB optical isolator completely eliminates the observed optical feedback effects. Lateral beam propagation ratios of 1.2 (1/e2) enable easy beam shaping and fiber coupling. Outside of the experimental comparison, the developed MOPAs provide up to 2.7 W of optical output power available for applications.
Three-space from quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Szabados, László B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin geometry theorem of Penrose is extended from $SU(2)$ to $E(3)$ (Euclidean) invariant elementary quantum mechanical systems. Using the natural decomposition of the total angular momentum into its spin and orbital parts, the \emph{distance} between the centre-of-mass lines of the elementary subsystems of a classical composite system can be recovered from their \emph{relative orbital angular momenta} by $E(3)$-invariant classical observables. Motivated by this observation, an expression for the `empirical distance' between the elementary subsystems of a \emph{composite quantum mechanical system}, given in terms of $E(3)$-invariant quantum observables, is suggested. It is shown that, in the classical limit, this expression reproduces the \emph{a priori} Euclidean distance between the subsystems, though at the quantum level it has a discrete character. `Empirical' angles and 3-volume elements are also considered.
description: 27 pages; v2: the whole paper rewritten, discussion improved, typos corrected, the uncertainty of the empirical distance also calculated, the key result strengthen and sharpen, references added; v3: references updated, typos corrected; v4: final version
Supplementary data 1 file from Chitinase genes from Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of whitefly in cotton
Creators: name: Anwar, Waheed
name: Javed, Muhammad Asim
name: Shahid, Ahmad Ali
name: Nawaz, Kiran
name: Akhter, Adnan
name: Rehman, Muhammad Zia Ur
name: Hameed, Usman
name: Sehrish Iftikhar
name: Haider, Muhammad Saleem
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Science

description: Nucleotides along deduced amino acids indicated below codons of Met_Chit1 gene of M. anisopliae isolate Tn-16. Substrate binding and catalytic domains are highlighted while start and stop codons are represented in bold
Chirped pulse excitation of two-atom Rydberg states
Creators: name: Kuznetsova, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze excitation of two ground state atoms to a double Rydberg state by a two-photon chirped optical pulse in the regime of adiabatic rapid passage. For intermediate Rydberg-Rydberg interaction strengths, relevant for atoms separated by $\sim$ten $μ$m, adiabatic excitation can be achieved at experimentally feasible Rabi frequencies and chirp rates of the pulses, resulting in high transfer efficiencies. We also study the adiabatic transfer between ground and Rydberg states as a means to realize a controlled phase gate between atomic qubits.
Barjols, place de la Rouguière, vendeurs de confiserie derrière leur éventaire
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Racial Disparities at Mixed-Race and Minority Hospitals: Treatment of African American Males With High-Grade Splenic Injuries
Creators: name: Tignanelli, C.J.
name: Jarosek, S.
name: Fan, Y.
name: Watarai, B.
name: Napolitano, L.
name: Petersen, A.
name: Hemmila, M.
name: Charles, A.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2020

description: INTRODUCTION: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in health access and outcomes for many conditions are well known. However, for time-sensitive high-acuity diseases such as traumatic injuries, disparities in access and outcomes should be significantly diminished. Our primary objective was to characterize racial disparities across majority, mixed-race, and minority hospitals for African American (AA) versus white males with high-grade splenic injuries. METHODS: Data from the National Trauma Data Bank was utilized from 2007 to 2015. A total of 24 855 AA or white males with high-grade splenic injuries were included. Multilevel mixed effects regression analysis was used to evaluate disparities in outcomes and resource allocation. RESULTS: Mortality was significantly higher for AA males at mixed-race (odds ratio [OR] 1.6; 95% CI 1.3-2.1; P < .001) and minority (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5-3.0; P < .001) hospitals, but not at majority hospitals. At minority hospitals, AA males were significantly less likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (OR 0.7; 95% CI 0.49-0.97; P = .04) and experienced a significantly longer time to surgery (IRR 1.5; P = .02). Minority hospitals were significantly more likely to have failures from angiographic embolization requiring operative intervention (OR 2.2; P = .009). At both types of nonmajority hospitals, AA males with penetrating injuries were more likely to be managed with angiography (mixed-race hospitals: OR 1.7; P = .046 vs minority hospitals: OR 1.6; P = .08). DISCUSSION: While multiple studies have shown that minority hospitals have increased mortality compared to majority hospitals, this study found this disparity only existed for AAs.
Participant Perspectives in an HIV Cure-Related Trial Conducted Exclusively in Women in the United States: Results from AIDS Clinical Trials Group 5366
Creators: name: Scully, E.
name: Diepstra, K.L.
name: Dubé, K.
name: Godfrey, C.
name: Brown, B.
name: Kuritzkes, D.R.
name: Hosey, L.
name: Gandhi, R.
name: Barr, L.
name: Sugarman, J.
name: Starr, K.
name: Campbell, D.M.
name: Wohl, D.A.
name: Simoni, J.
name: Hoffman, E.
name: Sauceda, J.
name: Evans, D.
Publisher: name: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Women remain underrepresented in HIV research. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 5366 study was the first HIV cure-related trial conducted exclusively in women. Our multidisciplinary team integrated participant-centered reports into the ACTG 5366 protocol to elicit their perspectives. We nested mixed-methods surveys at the enrollment and final study visits to assess ACTG 5366 participants’ perceptions and experiences. Of 31 participants enrolled in the ACTG 5366, 29 study agreed to complete the entry questionnaire and 27 completed the exit survey. The majority of study participants were nonwhite. We identified societal and personal motivators for participation, understanding of risks and benefits, and minor misconceptions among some trial participants. Stigma was pervasive for several women who joined the study, and served as a motivator for study participation. Reimbursements to defray costs of study participation were reported to facilitate involvement in the trial by about one-third of participants. Almost all respondents reported positive experiences participating in the ACTG 5366 trial. The ACTG 5366 study showed that it is possible to recruit and retain women in HIV cure-related research and to embed participant-centered outcomes at strategic time points during the study. The findings could help in the design, implementation, recruitment, and retention of women in HIV cure-related research and highlight the value of assessing psychosocial factors in HIV cure-related research participation.
Supplementary data 2 file from Chitinase genes from Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of whitefly in cotton
Creators: name: Anwar, Waheed
name: Javed, Muhammad Asim
name: Shahid, Ahmad Ali
name: Nawaz, Kiran
name: Akhter, Adnan
name: Rehman, Muhammad Zia Ur
name: Hameed, Usman
name: Sehrish Iftikhar
name: Haider, Muhammad Saleem
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Science

description: Nucleotides along deduced amino acids indicated below codons of Met_Chit1 gene of M. anisopliae isolate Tn-25. Substrate binding and catalytic domains are highlighted while start codon is represented in bold.
The Spacetime Geometry of Fixed-Area States in Gravitational Systems
Creators: name: Dong, Xi
name: Marolf, Donald
name: Rath, Pratik
name: Tajdini, Amirhossein
name: Wang, Zhencheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of fixed-area states has proven useful for recent studies of quantum gravity, especially in connection with gravitational holography. We explore the Lorentz-signature spacetime geometry intrinsic to such fixed-area states in this paper. This contrasts with previous treatments which focused instead on Euclidean-signature saddles for path integrals that prepare such states. We analyze general features of fixed-area state geometries and construct explicit examples. The spacetime metrics are real at real times and have no conical singularities. With enough symmetry the classical metrics are in fact smooth, though more generally their curvatures feature power-law divergences along null congruences launched orthogonally from the fixed-area surface. While we argue that such divergences are not problematic at the classical level, quantum fields in fixed-area states feature stronger divergences. At the quantum level we thus expect fixed-area states to be well-defined only when the fixed-area surface is appropriately smeared.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures
Traces of a Heavy Field in Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Inomata, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss gravitational waves (GWs) induced by a heavy spectator field that starts to oscillate during inflation. During the oscillation of the spectator field, its effective mass can also oscillate in some potentials. This mass oscillation can resonantly amplify the spectator field fluctuations. We show that these amplified fluctuations can induce large GWs, which could be investigated by future gravitational wave observations. This kind of induced GW can be produced even if the spectator field does not have any interaction with other fields except for gravitational interaction.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures, v2: version accepted for publication in PRD, calculation on hilltop type potential added
Study of the Kramers-Fokker-Planck quadratic operator with a constant magnetic field
Creators: name: Karaki, Zeinab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quadratic Kramers-Fokker-Planck operator with a constant magnetic field and with a quadratic potential. We describe the exact expression of the norm of the semi-group associated to the operator near the equilibrium. At this level, explicit and accurate estimates of this norm are shown in small and long times as well as uniform-in-time estimates when the magnetic parameter $b$ tends to infinity.
New magneto-polaron resonances in a monolayer of a transition metal dichalcogenide
Creators: name: Trallero-Giner, Carlos
name: Santiago-Pérez, Darío G.
name: Fomin, Vladimir M.
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Electronic properties and materials
subject: Quantum mechanics
subject: Surfaces, interfaces and thin films
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors are two-dimensional materials with great potential for the future of nano-optics and nano-optoelectronics as well as the rich and exciting development of basic research. The influence of an external magnetic field on a TMD monolayer raises a new question: to unveil the behavior of the magneto-polaron resonances (MPRs) associated with the phonon symmetry inherent in the system. It is shown that the renormalized Landau energy levels are modified by the interplay of the long-range Pekar–Fröhlich (PF) and short-range deformation potential (DP) interactions. This leads to a new series of MPRs involving the optical phonons at the center of the Brillouin zone. The coupling of the two Landau levels with the LO and A1 optical phonon modes provokes resonant splittings of double avoided-crossing levels giving rise to three excitation branches. This effect appears as bigger energy gaps at the anticrossing points in the renormalized Landau levels. To explore the interplay between the MPRs, the electron-phonon interactions (PF and DP) and the couplings between adjacent Landau levels, a full Green’s function treatment for the evaluation of the energy and its life-time broadening is developed. A generalization of the two-level approach is performed for the description of the new MPR branches. The obtained results are a guideline for the magneto-optical experiments in TMDs, where three MPR peaks should be observable.
Entangled sensor-networks for dark-matter searches
Creators: name: Brady, Anthony J.
name: Gao, Christina
name: Harnik, Roni
name: Liu, Zhen
name: Zhang, Zheshen
name: Zhuang, Quntao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hypothetical axion particle (of unknown mass) is a leading candidate for dark matter (DM). Many experiments search for axions with microwave cavities, where an axion may convert into a cavity photon, leading to a feeble excess in the output power of the cavity. Recent work [Nature 590, 238 (2021)] has demonstrated that injecting squeezed vacuum into the cavity can substantially accelerate the axion search. Here, we go beyond and provide a theoretical framework to leverage the benefits of quantum squeezing in a network setting consisting of many sensor-cavities. By forming a local sensor network, the signals among the cavities can be combined coherently to boost the axion search. Furthermore, injecting multipartite entanglement across the cavities -- generated by splitting a squeezed vacuum -- enables a global noise reduction. We explore the performance advantage of such a local, entangled sensor-network, which enjoys both coherence between the axion signals and entanglement between the sensors. Our analyses are pertinent to next-generation DM-axion searches aiming to leverage a network of sensors and quantum resources in an optimal way. Finally, we assess the possibility of using a more exotic quantum state, the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) state. Despite a constant-factor improvement in the scan-time relative to a single-mode squeezed-state in the ideal case, the advantage of employing a GKP state disappears when a practical measurement scheme is considered.
description: 17+16 pages, 14 figures
Correction: Magnetoconductance modulations due to interlayer tunneling in radial superlattices
Creators: name: Zhong, Yu-Jie
name: Huang, Angus
name: Liu, Hui
name: Huang, Xuan-Fu
name: Jeng, Horng-Tay
name: You, Jhih-Shih
name: Ortix, Carmine
name: Chang, Ching-Hao
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 540

description: Correction for ‘Magnetoconductance modulations due to interlayer tunneling in radial superlattices’ by Yu-Jie Zhong et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2022, 7, 168–173, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NH00449B.
A hidden population of massive black holes in simulated dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Sharma, Ray S.
name: Brooks, Alyson M.
name: Tremmel, Michael
name: Bellovary, Jillian
name: Ricarte, Angelo
name: Quinn, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the characteristics of actively accreting MBHs within dwarf galaxies in the \textsc{Romulus25} cosmological hydrodynamic simulation. We examine the MBH occupation fraction, x-ray active fractions, and AGN scaling relations within dwarf galaxies of stellar mass $10^{8} < M_{\rm star} < 10^{10} M_\odot$ out to redshift $z=2$. In the local universe, the MBH occupation fraction is consistent with observed constraints, dropping below unity at $M_{\rm star} < 3\times10^{10} M_{\odot}$, $M_{\rm 200} < 3\times10^{11} M_\odot$. Local dwarf AGN in \textsc{Romulus25} follow observed scaling relations between AGN x-ray luminosity, stellar mass, and star formation rate, though they exhibit slightly higher active fractions and number densities than comparable x-ray observations. Since $z=2$, the MBH occupation fraction has decreased, the population of dwarf AGN has become overall less luminous, and as a result, the overall number density of dwarf AGN has diminished. We predict the existence of a large population of MBHs in the local universe with low x-ray luminosities and high contamination from x-ray binaries and the hot interstellar medium that are undetectable by current x-ray surveys. These hidden MBHs make up $76\%$ of all MBHs in local dwarf galaxies, and include many MBHs that are undermassive relative to their host galaxy's stellar mass. Their detection relies not only on greater instrument sensitivity but on better modeling of x-ray contaminants or multi-wavelength surveys. Our results indicate dwarf AGN were substantially more active in the past despite being low-luminosity today, and indicate future deep x-ray surveys may uncover many hidden MBHs in dwarf galaxies out to at least $z=2$.
The Dose Response: Perceptions of People Living with HIV in the United States on Alternatives to Oral Daily Antiretroviral Therapy
Creators: name: Averitt, D.
name: Eskaf, S.,
name: Saberi, P.
name: Auerbach, J.D.
name: Perry, K.
name: Campbell, D.
name: Meija, M.
name: Martel, K.
name: Patel, H.
name: Sauceda, J.
name: Brown, B.
name: Evans, D.
name: Kanazawa, J.
name: Wohl, D.A.
name: Poteat, T.
name: Barr, L.
name: Luter, S.
name: Dubé, K.
Publisher: name: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.
Year: 2020

description: There are two concurrent and novel major research pathways toward strategies for HIV control: (1) long-acting antiretroviral therapy (ART) formulations and (2) research aimed at conferring sustained ART-free HIV remission, considered a step toward an HIV cure. The importance of perspectives from people living with HIV on the development of new modalities is high, but data are lacking. We administered an online survey in which respondents selected their likelihood of participation or nonparticipation in HIV cure/remission research based on potential risks and perceived benefits of these new modalities. We also tested the correlation between perceptions of potential risks and benefits with preferences of virologic control strategies and/or responses to scenario choices, while controlling for respondent characteristics. Of the 282 eligible respondents, 42% would be willing to switch from oral daily ART to long-acting ART injectables or implantables taken at 6-month intervals, and 24% to a hypothetical ART-free remission strategy. We found statistically significant gender differences in perceptions of risk and preferences of HIV control strategies, and possible psychosocial factors that could mediate willingness to switch to novel HIV treatment or remission options. Our study yielded data on possible desirable product characteristics for future HIV treatment and remission options. Findings also revealed differences in motivations and preferences across gender and other sociodemographic characteristics that may be actionable as part of research recruitment efforts. The diversity of participant perspectives reveals the need to provide a variety of therapeutic options to people living with HIV and to acknowledge their diverse experiential expertise when developing novel HIV therapies.
EFT Approach to Black Hole Scalarization and its Compatibility with Cosmic Evolution
Creators: name: Erices, Cristián
name: Riquelme, Simón
name: Zalaquett, Nicolás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the issue of black hole scalarization and its compatibility with cosmic inflation and big bang cosmology from an effective field theory (EFT) point of view. In practice, using a well-defined and healthy toy model which (in part) has been broadly considered in the literature, we consider how higher-order theories of gravity, up to cubic operators in Riemann curvature, fit within this context. Interestingly enough, we find that already at this minimal level, there is a non-trivial interplay between the Wilson coefficients which are otherwise completely independent, constraining the parameter space where scalarization may actually occur. Conclusively, we claim that the EFT does exhibit black hole scalarization, remaining compatible with the inflationary paradigm, and admitting General Relativity as a cosmological attractor.
description: 28 pages, 3 Figures
title: Le rapport au savoir de l'enseignant-e et son influence sur les apprentissages des élèves
title: Le rapport au savoir de l'enseignant-e et son influence sur les apprentissages des élèves
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Coutinho Lourenço, Sara
name: El Msatfi, Kaled Mehdi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Rapport au savoir
subject: postures d’élèves et d’enseignant-e-s
subject: émotions
subject: motivation
subject: apprentissages

description: Notre projet s’inscrit dans une analyse du lien entre le rapport au savoir de l’enseignant-e et les apprentissages des élèves. Le but de notre recherche était de déterminer en quoi les expériences, ainsi que la posture de l’enseignant-e face à certaines disciplines peuvent influencer la construction du rapport au savoir de ses élèves, ainsi que leurs apprentissages dans le domaine scolaire et sous quels aspects. Aussi, ce projet a eu pour but d’affirmer ou infirmer nos hypothèses initiales qui sous-entendaient une influence de l’enseignant-e, de son vécu, de ses expériences scolaires et de sa motivation, sur le rapport au savoir de ses élèves ainsi que sur leurs apprentissages. Ces derniers sont, comme le souligne Beillerot (2000), influencés par leur environnement et par conséquent par tout ce qui peut influencer ce dit environnement. Pour ce faire, dix moments d’observations d’enseignement-apprentissages ont pu être observés dans des classes du cycle 1, plus précisément dans une classe de 1-2P et dans une de 3P, à la suite de quoi des entretiens ont pu être menés avec les enseignantes titulaires de classe, mais également avec certains élèves. En effet, cela nous a permis de récolter des données à l’aide de notre banque de questions et de les analyser. Enfin, les recherches menées ont pu permettre d’établir une corrélation entre l’apprentissage des élèves et le rapport au savoir de l’enseignant-e, ce qui implique sa motivation, ses postures d’enseignement, les émotions ressenties lors des moments d’enseignement-apprentissages, le tout en lien avec son vécu d’élève.
Understanding African American youth and adult perspectives on sex education in rural North Carolina
Creators: name: Corbie-Smith, G.
name: Ritchwood, T.D.
name: Luque, J.S.
name: Coakley, T.M.
name: Wynn, M.
Publisher: name: Routledge
Year: 2020

description: African American youth in the US rural South are at elevated risk for poor sexual health outcomes, including sexually transmitted infections and teenage pregnancy. Historically, the southeastern USA has lagged behind in providing comprehensive sexuality-based education in secondary school, which may contribute to poor reproductive and sexual health outcomes. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of African American youth and adults on comprehensive sexuality-based education in rural North Carolina. Twenty-four individuals (12 youth and 12 adults) participated in both semi-structured interviews and small discussion groups. Data were analysed and coded using inductive and deductive approaches to thematic analysis. Results indicated that comprehensive sexuality-based education was viewed as highly desirable; however, current efforts were seen as insufficient. While both young people and adults agreed that abstinence was the most desirable path for youth, participants also acknowledged young people’s autonomy in engaging in sexual activity and suggested that comprehensive sexuality-based education was needed to protect against unintended consequences. The findings of this study have practical implications for addressing challenges associated with providing sexuality-based education to African American youth in rural communities and offers suggestions regarding directions for future research.
(984) George Benham
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Instability of solitons and collapse of acoustic waves in media with positive dispersion
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article is a brief review of the results of studying the collapse of sound waves in media with positive dispersion, which is described in terms of the three-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. The KP instability of one-dimensional solitons in the long-wavelength limit is considered using the expansion for the corresponding spectral problem. It is shown that the KP instability also takes place for two-dimensional solitons in the framework of the three-dimensional KP equation with positive dispersion. According to B.B. Kadomtsev this instability belongs to the self-focusing type. The nonlinear stage of this instability is a collapse. One of the collapse criteria is the Hamiltonian unboundedness from below for a fixed momentum projection coinciding with the $L_2$-norm. This fact follows from scaling transformations, leaving this norm constant. For this reason, collapse can be represented as the process of falling a particle to the center in a self-consistent unbounded potential. It is shown that the radiation of waves from a region with a negative Hamiltonian, due to its unboundedness from below, promotes the collapse of the waves. This scenario was confirmed by numerical experiments \cite{KuznetsovMusherShafarenko1983, KuznetsovMusher1986}. Two analytical approaches to the study of collapse are presented: using the variational method and the quasiclassical approximation. In contrast to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with a focusing nonlinearity, a feature of the quasiclassical approach to describing acoustic collapse is that this method is proposed for the three-dimensional KP equation as a system with hydrodynamic nonlinearity. Within the framework of the quasiclassical description, a family of self-similar collapses is found.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure, JETP (accepted)
title: Comment les enseignants envisagent-ils le co-enseignement comme pratique innovante qui pourrait faciliter la mise en oeuvre de la différenciation ?
title: Comment les enseignants envisagent-ils le co-enseignement comme pratique innovante qui pourrait faciliter la mise en oeuvre de la différenciation ?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Réquéna, Carine
name: Sahini, Armend
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Hétérogénéité
subject: co-enseignement
subject: différenciation
subject: Concept 360°
subject: décloisonnement

description: L'objectif de notre mémoire professionnel est de pouvoir analyser les pratiques de différenciation en classe à travers le co-enseignement de deux enseignants généralistes. Le co-enseignement restant une pratique marginale actuellement dans le canton de Vaud, nous nous interrogeons sur la plus-value de cette démarche innovante dans un contexte d’école à visée inclusive où l'hétérogénéité des salles de classe est devenue la norme. Nous n’avons pas la possibilité d’expérimenter le co-enseignement dans nos classes de stage respectives, en revanche, nous connaissons des enseignants du canton de Vaud ayant expérimenté ou étant fortement intéressés par la mise en place d’un dispositif de co-enseignement. Pour ce travail de mémoire, nous allons donc privilégier la méthode qualitative. La question centrale de notre travail est la suivante : comment les enseignants envisagent-ils le co-enseignement comme pratique innovante qui pourrait faciliter la mise en œuvre de la différenciation ? Quels sont les avantages du co-enseignement sur la mise en œuvre de la différenciation pédagogique ? Nous émettons l’hypothèse que le co-enseignement de deux enseignants généralistes favoriserait la mise en œuvre de pratiques différenciées pertinentes et efficaces, notamment aux niveau I et II du concept 360°.
Validation of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Treatment Response Criteria After Thermal Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Creators: name:  Gerber, D.A.
name:  Burke, L.M.B.
name: Cools, K.S.
name:  Moon, A.M.
name:  Strassle, P.D.
name:  McGinty, K.A.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors can be successfully eradicated with thermal ablation (TA). We assessed the validity of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Treatment Response (LR-TR) criteria with a retrospective analysis of a single-center database of patients with small HCC tumors (<3 cm in diameter) who underwent both laparoscopic TA and liver transplantation (LT) from 2004 to 2018. Postablation MRIs were assigned LR-TR categories (nonviable, equivocal, and viable) for ablated lesions and Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) categories (probable or definite HCC) for untreated lesions. Interpretations were compared with the histopathology of the post-LT explanted liver. There were 45 patients with 81 tumors (59 ablated and 22 untreated; mean size, 2.2 cm), and 23 (39%) of the ablated tumors had viable HCC on histopathology. The sensitivity/specificity of LR-TR categories (nonviable/equivocal versus viable) of ablated tumors was 30%/99%, with a positive predictive value (PPV)/negative predictive value (NPV) of 93%/69%. The sensitivity varied with residual tumor size. The sensitivity/specificity of LI-RADS 4 and 5 diagnostic criteria at detecting new HCC was 65%/94%, respectively, with a PPV/NPV of 85%/84%. The interrater reliability (IRR) was high for LR-TR categories (90% agreement, Cohen’s ĸ = 0.75) and for LI-RADS LR-4 and LR-5 diagnostic categories (91% agreement, Cohen’s ĸ = 0.80). In patients with HCC <3 cm in diameter, LR-TR criteria after TA had high IRR but low sensitivity, suggesting that the LR-TR categories are precise but inaccurate. The low sensitivity may be secondary to TA’s disruption in the local blood flow of the tissue, which could affect the arterial enhancement phase on MRI. Additional investigation and new technologies may be necessary to improve imaging after ablation.
Removing systematics-induced 21-cm foreground residuals by cross-correlating filtered data
Creators: name: Wang, Haochen
name: Mena-Parra, Juan
name: Chen, Tianyue
name: Masui, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of the redshifted 21-cm signal emitted by neutral hydrogen represent a promising probe of large-scale structure in the universe. However, cosmological 21-cm signal is challenging to observe due to astrophysical foregrounds which are several orders of magnitude brighter. Traditional linear foreground removal methods can optimally remove foregrounds for a known telescope response but are sensitive to telescope systematic errors such as antenna gain and delay errors, leaving foreground contamination in the recovered signal. Non-linear methods such as principal component analysis, on the other hand, have been used successfully for foreground removal, but they lead to signal loss that is difficult to characterize and requires careful analysis. In this paper, we present a systematics-robust foreground removal technique which combines both linear and non-linear methods. We first obtain signal and foreground estimates using a linear filter. Under the assumption that the signal estimate is contaminated by foreground residuals induced by parameterizable systematic effects, we infer the systematics-induced contamination by cross-correlating the initial signal and foreground estimates. Correcting for the inferred error, we are able to subtract foreground contamination from the linearly filtered signal up to the first order in the amplitude of the telescope systematics. In simulations of an interferometric 21-cm survey, our algorithm removes foreground leakage induced by complex gain errors by one to two orders of magnitude in the power spectrum. Our technique thus eases the requirements on telescope characterization for modern and next-generation 21-cm cosmology experiments.
Hepatitis C eradication with direct-acting anti-virals reduces the risk of variceal bleeding
Creators: name: Berry, K.
name: Rockey, D.C.
name: Moon, A.M.
name: Green, P.K.
name: Ioannou, G.N.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Background: The real-world, long-term benefits of sustained virologic response (SVR) on the risk of variceal bleeding remain unclear. Aim: To assess the association between DAA-induced SVR and post-treatment variceal bleeding. Methods: We identified patients who initiated DAA-only anti-viral treatments in the United States Veterans Affairs healthcare system from 2013 to 2015. We followed patients until 1 January 2019 for the development of gastro-oesophageal variceal bleeding defined by diagnostic codes. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the association between SVR and development of variceal bleeding, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Among 33 582 DAA-treated patients, 549 (1.6%) developed variceal bleeding after treatment (mean follow-up 3.1 years). Compared to no SVR, SVR was associated with a significantly lower incidence of variceal bleeding among all patients (0.46 vs 1.26 per 100 patient-years, adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 0.66, 95% CI 0.52-0.83), among patients with pre-treatment cirrhosis (1.55 vs 2.96 per 100 patient-years, AHR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.93) and among patients without pre-treatment cirrhosis (0.07 vs 0.29 per 100 patient-years, AHR 0.33, 95% CI 0.17-0.65). The risk of variceal bleeding after treatment was lower in those who achieved SVR vs no SVR among patients who had non-bleeding varices (3.5 vs 4.9 per 100 patient-years) or bleeding varices (12.9 vs 16.4 per 100 patient-years) diagnosed before treatment, but these differences were not statistically significant in adjusted analyses. Conclusion: DAA-induced SVR is independently associated with a lower risk of variceal bleeding during long-term follow-up in patients with and without pre-treatment cirrhosis. These findings demonstrate an important real-world benefit of DAA treatment.
(985) Susanna Gorringe
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
How do galaxies populate halos in extreme density environments? An analysis of the Halo Occupation Distribution in SDSS
Creators: name: Alfaro, Ignacio G.
name: Rodriguez, Facundo
name: Ruiz, Andrés N.
name: Luparello, Heliana E.
name: Lambas, Diego Garcia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent works have shown that the properties of galaxy populations in dark matter halos vary with large-scale environments. These results suggest a variation in the halo occupation distribution (HOD) in extreme density environments. To analyse these effects, we identify cosmic voids and future virialised structures (FVS) in the SDSS-DR12 and estimate the HOD within these superstructures using group catalogues as dark matter halo proxies. Our goal is to use observational galaxy data to characterise the HOD within voids and FVS, explore the different properties of these galaxies populations and compare them with the general results outside these superstructures. Using a galaxy group catalogue we compute the HOD within both types of superstructures. We also study the dependence on the results on the main void and FVS properties. We also analysed the mean stellar age of the galaxies inside these regions. In all cases, we compare the results with those derived from the Field sample. Inside voids, we find a strong decrease in HOD concerning the Field results. The mean number of satellites fall to 50%. Inside FVS, the HOD shows a significant increase to the Field, with a 40% excess in the mean number of satellites. In both regions, the differences with respect to the Field increases for the extreme values of the density environments. We obtain no signs of variations related to intrinsic characteristics of voids and FVS. We find that the cumulative distribution of the mean age of stars of the central galaxy also varies in these regions. Finally, we explore the HOD for the 25% youngest (oldest) galaxies. We find that for the low-mass groups the youngest galaxies are only present inside voids. On the other hand, for the high-mass groups the FVS environments show the same increase in the HOD concerning the Field. We find that cosmic voids lack of oldest galaxies.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures. First version. Sent to refereed in A&A
Supplementary figure 1 from Kin but less than kind: within-group male relatedness does not increase female fitness in seed beetles.
Creators: name: Berg, Elena C.
name: Lind, Martin I.
name: Monahan, Shannon
name: Bricout, Sophie
name: Maklakov, Alexei A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Lifetime reproductive success LRS (number of adult offspring) by treatment group, when including females that did not reproduce: brothers (blue), non-related males (red), individuals raised in group (solid symbols) or alone (open symbols). Top panel shows raw data, with the mean ± 95%CI indicated with black bars at each group. Bottom panel shows an estimation plot, where treatment levels are compared to NF, with a graded sampling distribution of bootstrapped values with a 95% CI.
title: Quels gestes professionnels mettent en oeuvre les enseignants afin de gérer l'hétérogénéité et permettre au plus grand nombre d'élèves d'atteindre les savoirs en jeu en mathématiques?
title: Quels gestes professionnels mettent en oeuvre les enseignants afin de gérer l'hétérogénéité et permettre au plus grand nombre d'élèves d'atteindre les savoirs en jeu en mathématiques?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Rochat, Aline
name: Vieira Sousa Moreira, Sandrina Daniela
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: gestion de l’hétérogénéité
subject: gestes professionnels
subject: mathématiques
subject: pilotage
subject: dispositifs pédagogiques
subject: modalités de travail

description: Dans une perspective d’école inclusive que nous connaissons actuellement, la question de la gestion de l’hétérogénéité au sein des classes est plus que jamais d’actualité. S’agissant d’un enjeu relatif à toutes les disciplines, celui-ci est souvent abordé de manière générale. Nous nous sommes donc intéressées à ce sujet dans le cadre plus spécifique de l'enseignement des mathématiques. En observant des pratiques relatives à la mise en œuvre d’une tâche de 6H en particulier (“Grand L”) et grâce à des entretiens, nous avons ainsi questionné les choix didactiques opérés par les enseignants. Grâce à la retranscription des entretiens, ces choix ont été analysés afin de rendre compte des gestes professionnels adoptés dans une visée de gestion de l’hétérogénéité. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence que peu de gestes de pilotage, comme la formation de groupes de travail ou la réalisation de mises en commun ont été utilisés afin de gérer l’hétérogénéité, contrairement à ce que nous avions postulé. Nous avons également constaté qu’il est complexe pour les enseignants d’identifier des gestes professionnels auxquels ils ont recours et d’établir un lien entre la mise en œuvre de ceux-ci et la gestion de l’hétérogénéité. Nous avons finalement relevé que les gestes adoptés par préoccupation de gestion des différences entre les élèves n’étaient que peu dirigés vers le groupe classe, mais plutôt vers un élève ou un petit groupe d’élèves présentant les mêmes caractéristiques. Ainsi, une gestion individualisée a davantage été observée, ne permettant pas d’utiliser l’hétérogénéité de la classe comme levier des apprentissages favorisant l’accès au savoir pour tous les élèves, contrairement à ce que nous avions supposé