Garra chindwinensis Premananda & Kosygin & Saidullah 2017, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Premananda, Nongthombam
name: Kosygin, Laishram
name: Saidullah, Bano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
Garra
Garra chindwinensis

description: Garra chindwinensis sp. nov.
(Figure 1)
Materials examined: Holotype: 120 mm SL, India, Manipur, Senapati District, Laniye River near Laii, (Chindwin basin), 25´31´20´N 93´26´13´E, 05-xi-2015, coll. N. Premananda (ZSI FF 5906). Paratype: 1 ex., 104 mm SL, data same as holotype (PCZM F 1050) Diagnosis: Garra chindwinensis is distinguished from its congeners in possessing a callous pad with a narrow, papillated transverse lobe at the anterior portion, which is demarcated posteriorly by a transverse groove. It is further, distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: a bilobed proboscis, protruding beyond vertically to transverse groove; presence of only unicuspid acanthoid tubercles on snout; 10 predorsal scales; 34 lateral line scales; 2½ transverse scale rows between lateral line and pelvic fin origin; 12 circumpeduncular scale rows; head length (25.4–26.2% SL); pectoral fin length (19.2–19.4% SL); disc length (39–41% HL); presence of anterolateral lobe and five faint longitudinal stripes on the body.
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Description: Morphometric data in Table 1.Body elongated, more or less cylindrical, compressed laterally in caudal peduncle region. Dorsal profile rising gently overhead, sharply convex up to dorsal-fin origin, then straight up to caudal fin base. Ventral profile flat up to anal fin origin. Head moderately large and depressed, with slightly convex interorbital space; height less than length; width greater than height. Snout moderately pointed with transverse lobe covered with 10-11 small to moderate unicuspid tubercles, demarcated posteriorly by deep transverse groove. Proboscis prominent, quadrate, anteriorly bilobed, forwardly protruding beyond vertically to transverse groove, each lobe with a large forwardly projecting unicuspid acanthoid tubercle on the distal end, one small tubercle present between lobes directing downwards, sharply delineated from depressed rostral surface by deep transverse groove; width smaller than internarial space; and lateral margin with or without tubercle (Figure 2). Depressed rostral surface slightly bulgy. Eye placed dorsolaterally in posterior half of head. Sublachrymal groove shallow not connected to rostral cap groove.
Barbels in two pairs; rostral barbel anterolaterally located, equal to eye diameter; maxillary barbel at corner of mouth, shorter than rostral. Rostral cap welldeveloped, highly fimbriate, papillate ventral surface moderately wide. Upper lip present as a thin band of weakly developed papillae in one row, incompletely covered by rostral cap. Disc elliptical, shorter than width and slightly narrower than head, width through roots of maxillary barbels; papillae on posteromedian region of anteromedian fold larger; papillae on inner half of whole length of lateroposterior flap larger and coarsely arranged; anterolateral lobe of lower lip present. Central callous pad with a narrow, papillated transverse lobe at anterior portion, demarcated posterioly by a shallow transverse groove, anteriorly separated from the anteromedian fold by a deep transverse groove (Figure 3).
Dorsal fin with 3(2) simple and 8½(2) branched rays; last simple ray much shorter than head length; distal margin concave; origin midway between snout tip and caudal fin base, inserted anterior to vertical from pelvic fin origin; first branched ray longest, last branched ray not extending vertically to anal fin origin. Pectoral fin with 1(2) simple and 13(1) or 14(1) branched rays, reaching midway to pelvic fin origin when adpressed; length shorter than head length; sixth branched ray longest. Pelvic fin with 1(2) simple and 7(1) or 8(1) branched rays, reaching beyond midway to anal fin origin, surpassing anus when adpressed; second branched ray longest; inserted below base of second branched dorsal fin ray; distal margin almost truncate. Anal fin short with 2(2) simple rays and 5(2) branched rays, first branched ray longest, not reaching caudal fin base; distal posterior margin slightly concave; origin closer to caudal fin base than to pelvic fin origin. Anus closer to anal fin origin than to pelvic fin origin. Caudal fin forked; lobe tips pointed; lower lobe slightly longer; tenth principal ray shortest.
Lateral line complete, with 34(2) scales. Transverse scale rows above lateral line 3½ (1) or 4½ (1); between lateral line and pelvic fin origin 2½(2); between lateral line and anal fin origin 3½(2). Circumpeduncular scale rows 12. Predorsal scales 10(2); scales regularly arranged almost same size as flank scales. Chest and belly scaled. One long axillary scale at base of pelvic fin dorsolaterally, its tip not reaching posterior end of pelvic fin base; another axillary scale present ventrally at posterior end of pelvic fin base. Preanal scales 4. Dorsal fin base scales 6, of which 4 are touching the dorsal fin; anal fin base scales 3, all touching the anal fin.
Colour: In live, head, dorsum and lateral sides yellowish brown, ventral greyish brown, distal margins of caudal fin lobes blackish. In alcohol, head, dorsum, and lateral sides dark brown. Mouth, chest and abdomen brownish to yellowish white. Ventral surface from rostral cap to anal fin origin brownish grey. Five faint longitudinal stripes present along the lateral side of the body, extending from operculum to caudal fin base, which becomes more distinct posteriorly. Posterior margins of pelvic and anal fins hyaline. Caudal fin with black markings on median rays and tips of the lobes.
Distribution: Known only from Laniye River at Laii village in Senapati District of Manipur (Chindwin River basin) (Figure 4).
Etymology: The specific name is derived after the name of the basin, Chindwin.
description: Published as part of Premananda, Nongthombam, Kosygin, Laishram & Saidullah, Bano, 2017, Garra chindwinensis, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Manipur, Northeastern India, pp. 191-197 in Records of the Zoological Survey of India 117 (3) on pages 191-194, DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v117/i3/2017/120968, http://zenodo.org/record/10956025