cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Population differentiation of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Creators: name: Black, E. A. (Edward Adam)
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The three general body armour forms of Gasterosteus aculeatus (Linnaeus), high, intermediate and low plate count forms, are found in nonbreeding marine populations. In breeding season initially the population in the nontidal portion of Bonsall Creek consisted of the low and intermediate plate count forms. Later when the tidal zone was occupied by breeding sticklebacks all three body armour forms were present and from the limit of the tidal influence the low and intermediate forms became less frequent seaward. In Chase Creek there exists an anadromous breeding population but there was no adjoining freshwater population. In Chase Creek however there did exist a zone where all three body armour form were present. Therefore, the development of the pattern of plate variation in the creek's tidal zone does not appear to be dependent upon the presence of both freshwater and marine population tyrjes. In Bonsall Creek where both a freshwater and a marine population bred, low plate count individuals from the freshwater zone and high plate count individuals from the adjoining tidal zone were reciprocally transferred in wire baskets. Mortalities of transferred fish were shown to be significantly higher than those of the controls indicating a possible barrier to gene exchange between the two populations. However, the presence of the intermediate plate count form in the freshwater zone of Bonsall creek strongly implicates gene flow between these two groups of fishes. all three forms collected from the tidal zone of Chase Creek. Showed the same mortality rate when placed in freshwater. This suggests that the low and intermediate plate count fish breeding in the tidal portion of Chase Creek were of marine origin. Ten morphological characters were combined in a discriminant function and used to classify breeding individuals from Bonsall Creek. The discriminant function showed a gradual change in morphology of the fish distributed from marine to freshwater. It is concluded that while there was considerable differentiation between adjoining freshwater and anadromous breeding populations of Gasterosteus aculeatus, no evidence of a morphological discontinuity as would be expected of separate species. However, the presences of the hybrid form in the freshwater zone of Bonsall Creek strongly implicates gene flow between those freshwater and marine groups of fish. Eleven populations ranging geographically from the Alaska Peninsula to Chehalis Biver in Washington State were similarly subject to discriminant function analysis. These samples did not show clinal variation in their scores, though the scores of the populations were significantly different suggesting local adaptation and possible restriction of gene flow within the marine environment.
CiT-Net: Convolutional Neural Networks Hand in Hand with Vision Transformers for Medical Image Segmentation
Creators: name: Lei, Tao
name: Sun, Rui
name: Wang, Xuan
name: Wang, Yingbo
name: He, Xi
name: Nandi, Asoke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The hybrid architecture of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Transformer are very popular for medical image segmentation. However, it suffers from two challenges. First, although a CNNs branch can capture the local image features using vanilla convolution, it cannot achieve adaptive feature learning. Second, although a Transformer branch can capture the global features, it ignores the channel and cross-dimensional self-attention, resulting in a low segmentation accuracy on complex-content images. To address these challenges, we propose a novel hybrid architecture of convolutional neural networks hand in hand with vision Transformers (CiT-Net) for medical image segmentation. Our network has two advantages. First, we design a dynamic deformable convolution and apply it to the CNNs branch, which overcomes the weak feature extraction ability due to fixed-size convolution kernels and the stiff design of sharing kernel parameters among different inputs. Second, we design a shifted-window adaptive complementary attention module and a compact convolutional projection. We apply them to the Transformer branch to learn the cross-dimensional long-term dependency for medical images. Experimental results show that our CiT-Net provides better medical image segmentation results than popular SOTA methods. Besides, our CiT-Net requires lower parameters and less computational costs and does not rely on pre-training. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/SR0920/CiT-Net.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables
title: Don Daley - Pacific Coast Pensioners Association Oral History Project - Oral History Transcript
Creators: name: Labor Archives of Washington
Publisher: name: Labor Archives of Washington
Year: 2014

description: Oral History interview with Don Daley of ILWU Local 34, collected by the Pacific Coast Pensioners Association Oral History Committee. Completed on September 16, 2014. This interview is part of the Pacific Coast Pensioners Association Oral History Project by the International Longshore and Warehouse Union and the Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries. Laborarchives.org

This item contains three parts: oral history audio/video file (.mp4), full text transcription (.pdf), and caption track (.srt).
Early search for supersymmetric dark matter models at the LHC without missing energy
Creators: name: Edsjo, Joakim
name: Lundstrom, Erik
name: Rydbeck, Sara
name: Sjolin, Jorgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate early discovery signals for supersymmetry at the Large Hadron Collider without using information about missing transverse energy. Instead we use cuts on the number of jets and isolated leptons (electrons and/or muons). We work with minimal supersymmetric extensions of the standard model, and focus on phenomenological models that give a relic density of dark matter compatible with the WMAP measurements. An important model property for early discovery is the presence of light sleptons, and we find that for an integrated luminosity of only 200--300 pb$^{-1}$ at a center-of-mass energy of 10 TeV models with gluino masses up to $\sim 700$ GeV can be tested.
description: 28 pages, 12 figures; published version
The role of antigen-competitive dynamics in regulating the immune response
Creators: name: Pooladvand, Pantea
name: Kim, Peter S.
name: Groth, Barbara Fazekas de St
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 92-10

description: The clonal expansion of T cells during an infection is tightly regulated to ensure an appropriate immune response against invading pathogens. Although experiments have mapped the trajectory from expansion to contraction, the interplay between mechanisms that control this response are not fully understood. Based on experimental data, we propose a model in which the dynamics of CD4+ T cell expansion is controlled through the interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells, where T cell stimulation is proportional to antigen availability and antigen availability is regulated through downregulation of antigen by T cells. This antigen-dependent-feedback mechanism operates alongside an intrinsic reduction in cell proliferation rate that may also be responsible for slowing expansion. Our model can successfully predict T cell recruitment rates into division, expansion and clonal burst size per cell when initial precursors are varied or when T cells are introduced late into an ongoing immune response. Importantly, the findings demonstrate that a feedback mechanism between T cells and antigen presenting cells, along with a reduction in cell proliferation rate, can explain the ability of the immune system to adapt its response to variations in initial conditions or changes that occur later in the response, ensuring a robust yet controlled line of defence against pathogens.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures, 1 table
A review of the attributes of successful agriphotovoltaic projects
Creators: name: Yeongseo Yu
name: Yekang Ko
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90605 Photodetectors, Optical Sensors and Solar Cells
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 91305 Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 70199 Agriculture, Land and Farm Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences

description: This item is part of: Boarin, P., Haarhoff, E., Manfredini, M., Mohammadzadeh, M., Premier, A., (2021). Rethinking Sustainable Pacific Rim Territories. Proceedings of the 2020 APRU Sustainable Cities and Landscapes Hub PhD Symposium, Future Cities Research Hub, School of Architecture and Planning of the University of Auckland. ISBN: 978-0-473-53616-9
ABSTRACTClimate change is causing massive environmental disasters, which increasingly damage human civilization. To cope with climate risk, the world is progressively converting its energy dependence from the fossil fuel base to renewable energy such as photovoltaic solar farms. Successful photovoltaic (PV) projects have demonstrated various benefits and positive effects in all environmental, economic, and social aspects. However, conventional photovoltaic projects tend to have a serious land-use conflict issue with agricultural farmlands in that solar farms require huge land areas to install PV panels. Responsively, the concept of Agrivoltaic (APV), a mixed system that deploys photovoltaic panels over farmlands, emerged and have been implemented. Although numerous studies demonstrate the multiple benefits of APV, there is a lack of studies analyzing the influential attributes that may lead to the success or failure of the APV project. Thus, this paper aims to review and analyze the influential attributes of APV that may be relevant to its success or failure, based on the triple bottom lines-economic-environmental-social aspects. This paper also aim to review the opportunities and challenges that may arise when implementing APV into the urban environment.
Piloting a Game Jam in Nigeria to Support Empathy and Compassion
Creators: name: Schrier, Karen
name: Ohu, Eugene
name: Bodunde, Ikeola
name: Alugo, Morenike
name: Emami, Cynthia
name: Babatunde, Adeola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While games may help to support skills practice and attitudinal change, the game creation process itself may also be effective in enhancing empathy and compassion for other people. Nigeria has over 250 ethnic groups and 500 languages amid its 200 million people. We aim to enhance perspective-taking, empathy, and compassion across different ethnic groups using game jams in public schools in Nigeria. In 2021, we piloted a game jam focused on identity exploration and perspective-taking for students ages 12 to 20. Initial results and next steps are shared.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Fair and Robust Estimation of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects for Policy Learning
Creators: name: Kim, Kwangho
name: Zubizarreta, José R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a simple and general framework for nonparametric estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects under fairness constraints. Under standard regularity conditions, we show that the resulting estimators possess the double robustness property. We use this framework to characterize the trade-off between fairness and the maximum welfare achievable by the optimal policy. We evaluate the methods in a simulation study and illustrate them in a real-world case study.
Multi-mode lasing in supercell plasmonic nanoparticle arrays
Creators: name: Heilmann, Rebecca
name: Arjas, Kristian
name: Hakala, Tommi K.
name: Törmä, Päivi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multicolour light sources can be used in applications such as lighting and multiplexing signals. In photonic and plasmonic systems, one way to achieve multicolour light is via multi-mode lasing. To achieve this, plasmonic nanoparticle arrays are typically arranged in superlattices that lead to multiple dispersions of the single arrays coupled via the superlattice Bragg modes. Here, we show an alternative way to enable multi-mode lasing in plasmonic nanoparticle arrays. We design a supercell in a square lattice by leaving part of the lattice sites empty. This results in multiple dispersive branches caused by the supercell period and hence creates additional band edges that can support lasing. We experimentally demonstrate multi-mode lasing in such a supercell array. Furthermore, we identify the lasing modes by calculating the dispersion by combining the structure factor of the array design with an empty lattice approximation. We conclude that the lasing modes are the 74th $Γ$- and 106th $X$-point of the supercell. By tuning the square lattice period with respect to the gain emission we can control the modes that lase. Finally, we show that the lasing modes exhibit a combination of transverse electric and transverse magnetic mode characteristics in polarization resolved measurements.
A Survey on Multi-AP Coordination Approaches over Emerging WLANs: Future Directions and Open Challenges
Creators: name: Verma, Shikhar
name: Rodrigues, Tiago Koketsu
name: Kawamoto, Yuichi
name: Fouda, Mostafa M.
name: Kato, Nei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advancements in wireless local area network (WLAN) technology include IEEE 802.11be and 802.11ay, often known as Wi-Fi 7 and WiGig, respectively. The goal of these developments is to provide Extremely High Throughput (EHT) and low latency to meet the demands of future applications like as 8K videos, augmented and virtual reality, the Internet of Things, telesurgery, and other developing technologies. IEEE 802.11be includes new features such as 320 MHz bandwidth, multi-link operation, Multi-user Multi-Input Multi-Output, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access, and Multiple-Access Point (multi-AP) coordination (MAP-Co) to achieve EHT. With the increase in the number of overlapping APs and inter-AP interference, researchers have focused on studying MAP-Co approaches for coordinated transmission in IEEE 802.11be, making MAP-Co a key feature of future WLANs. Moreover, similar issues may arise in EHF bands WLAN, particularly for standards beyond IEEE 802.11ay. This has prompted researchers to investigate the implementation of MAP-Co over future 802.11ay WLANs. Thus, in this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art MAP-Co features and their shortcomings concerning emerging WLAN. Finally, we discuss several novel future directions and open challenges for MAP-Co.
description: The reason for the replacement of the previous version of the paper is due to a change in the author's list. As a result, a new version has been created, which serves as the final draft version before acceptance. This updated version contains all the latest changes and improvements made to the paper
Soft X-ray emission from warm gas in IllustrisTNG circum-cluster environments
Creators: name: Gouin, Celine
name: Bonamente, Massimiliano
name: Galarraga-Espinosa, Daniela
name: Walker, Stephen
name: Mirakhor, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Whereas X-ray clusters are extensively used for cosmology, their idealistic modelling, through the hypotheses of spherical symmetry and hydrostatic equilibrium, are more and more being questioned. Along these lines, the soft X-ray emission detected in tens of clusters with ROSAT was found to be higher than what expected from the idealistic hot gas modelling, pointing to our incomplete understanding of these objects. Aims. Given that cluster environments are at the interface between the hot intra-cluster medium (ICM), warm circum-galactic medium (WCGM) and warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), we aim to explore the relative soft X-ray emission of different gas phases in circum-cluster environments. Method. By using the most massive halos in IllustrisTNG at z=0, we have predicted the hydrodynamical properties of the gas from cluster centers to their outskirts (5 R200), and modelled their X-ray radiation for various plasma phases. Results. First, we found that the radial profile of temperature, density, metallicity and clumpiness of the ICM are in good agreement with recent X-ray observations of clusters. Secondly, we have developed a method to predict the radial profile of soft X-ray emission in different bands, the column density of ions and the X-ray absorption lines (O VIII, O VII, Ne IX, and Ne IX) of warm-hot gas inside and around clusters. Conclusion. The warm gas (in the form of both WCGM and WHIM gas) is a strong emitter in soft X-ray bands, and is qualitatively consistent with the observational measurements. Our results suggest that the cluster soft excess is induced by the thermal emission of warm gas in the circum-cluster environments.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures, submitted to A&A, comments are welcome
An empirical assessment of deep learning approaches to task-oriented dialog management
Creators: name: Matějů, Lukáš
name: Griol, David
name: Callejas, Zoraida
name: Molina, José Manuel
name: Sanchis, Araceli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning is providing very positive results in areas related to conversational interfaces, such as speech recognition, but its potential benefit for dialog management has still not been fully studied. In this paper, we perform an assessment of different configurations for deep-learned dialog management with three dialog corpora from different application domains and varying in size, dimensionality and possible system responses. Our results have allowed us to identify several aspects that can have an impact on accuracy, including the approaches used for feature extraction, input representation, context consideration and the hyper-parameters of the deep neural networks employed.
Forming Molecular States with Hadronic Rescattering
Creators: name: Ilten, Philip
name: Utheim, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method for modelling the prompt production of molecular states using the hadronic rescattering framework of the general-purpose Pythia event generator is introduced. Production cross sections of possible exotic hadronic molecules via hadronic rescattering at the LHC are calculated for the $χ_{c1}(3872)$ resonance, a possible tetraquark state, as well as three possible pentaquark states, $P_c^+(4312)$, $P_c^+(4440)$, and $P_c^+(4457)$. For the $P_c^+$ states, the expected cross section from $Λ_b$ decays is compared to the hadronic-rescattering production. The $χ_{c1}(3872)$ cross section is compared to the fiducial $χ_{c1}(3872)$ cross-section measurement by LHCb and found to contribute at a level of O(1%). Finally, the expected yields of $P_c^+$ production from hadronic rescattering during Run 3 of LHCb are estimated. The prompt background is found to be significantly larger than the prompt $P_c^+$ signal from hadronic rescattering.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Dynamic strain modulation of a nanowire quantum dot compatible with a thin-film lithium niobate photonic platform
Creators: name: Descamps, Thomas
name: Schetelat, Tanguy
name: Gao, Jun
name: Poole, Philip J.
name: Dalacu, Dan
name: Elshaari, Ali W.
name: Zwiller, Val
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The integration of on-demand single photon sources in photonic circuits is a major prerequisite for on-chip quantum applications. Among the various high-quality sources, nanowire quantum dots can be efficiently coupled to optical waveguides because of their preferred emission direction along their growth direction. However, local tuning of the emission properties remains challenging. In this work, we transfer a nanowire quantum dot on a bulk lithium niobate substrate and show that its emission can be dynamically tuned by acousto-optical coupling with surface acoustic waves. The purity of the single photon source is preserved during the strain modulation. We further demonstrate that the transduction is maintained even with a SiO2 encapsulation layer deposited on top of the nanowire acting as the cladding of a photonic circuit. Based on these experimental findings and numerical simulations, we introduce a device architecture consisting of a nanowire quantum dot efficiently coupled to a thin film lithium niobate rib waveguide and strain-tunable by surface acoustic waves.
Quantum contextuality of complementary photon polarizations explored by adaptive input state control
Creators: name: Matsuyama, Kengo
name: Ji, Ming
name: Hofmann, Holger F.
name: Iinuma, Masataka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally investigate non-local contextual relations between complementary photon polarizations by adapting the entanglement and the local polarizations of a two-photon state to satisfy three deterministic conditions demonstrating both quantum contextuality and non-locality. The key component of this adaptive input state control is the variable degree of entanglement of the photon source. Local polarization rotations can optimize two of the three correlations, and the variation of the entanglement optimizes the third correlation. Our results demonstrate that quantum contextuality is based on a non-trivial trade-off between local complementarity and quantum correlations.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
A conjecture on the origin of dark energy
Creators: name: Gao, Shan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical origin of holographic dark energy (HDE) is investigated. The main existing explanations, namely the UV/IR connection argument of Cohen et al, Thomas' bulk holography argument, and Ng's spacetime foam argument, are shown to be not satisfactory. A new explanation of the HDE model is then proposed based on the ideas of Thomas and Ng. It is suggested that the dark energy might originate from the quantum fluctuations of spacetime limited by the event horizon of the universe. Several potential problems of the explanation are also discussed.
description: 11 pages, no figures
Isadelphus inimicus
Creators: name: Riedel
name: Pénigot
name: Schwarz
name: Diller
name: Johansson
name: Japoshvili, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Isadelphus
Isadelphus inimicus

description: Isadelphus inimicus (GRAVENHORST, 1829)
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Trap 4: 1♀ 20.iv.-5.v., 1♀ 5-20.v.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Transpalaearctic, known from Georgia (RIEDEL & JAPOSHVILI 2021).
description: Published as part of Riedel, Pénigot, Schwarz, Diller, Johansson & Japoshvili, G., 2023, Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species, pp. 61-153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10415120
Neutrino mass spectrum from gravitational waves generated by double neutrino spin-flip in supernovae
Creators: name: Cuesta, Herman J. Mosquera
name: Lambiase, Gaetano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supernova (SN) neutronization phase produces mainly electron ($ν_e$) neutrinos, the oscillations of which must take place within a few mean-free-paths of their resonance surface located nearby their neutrinosphere. The state-of-the-art on the SN dynamics suggests that a significant part of these $ν_e$ can convert into right-handed neutrinos in virtue of the interaction of the electrons and the protons flowing with the SN outgoing plasma, whenever the Dirac neutrino magnetic moment be of strength $μ_ν< 10^{-11} μ_{\rm B}$, with $μ_{\rm B}$ being the Bohr magneton. In the supernova envelope, part of these neutrinos can flip back to the left-handed flavors due to the interaction of the neutrino magnetic moment with the magnetic field in the SN expanding plasma (Kuznetsov & Mikheev 2007; Kuznetsov, Mikheev & Okrugin 2008), a region where the field strength is currently accepted to be $B \gtrsim 10^{13}$ ~G. This type of $ν$ oscillations were shown to generate powerful gravitational wave (GW) bursts (Mosquera Cuesta 2000, Mosquera Cuesta 2002, Mosquera Cuesta & Fiuza 2004, Loveridge 2004). If such double spin-flip mechanism does run into action inside the SN core, then the release of both the oscillation-produced $ν_μ$s, $ν_τ$s and the GW pulse generated by the coherent $ν$ spin-flips provides a unique emission offset $ΔT^{emission}_{\rm GW} \leftrightarrow ν= 0$ for measuring the $ν$ travel time to Earth. As massive $ν$s get noticeably delayed on its journey to Earth with respect to the Einstein GW they generated during the reconversion transient, then the accurate measurement of this time-of-flight delay by SNEWS + LIGO, VIRGO, BBO, DECIGO, etc., might readily assess the absolute $ν$ mass spectrum.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, ApJ aastex.cls style. In press by The Astrophysical Journal
Emergent Nonlocal Combinatorial Design Rules for Multimodal Metamaterials
Creators: name: van Mastrigt, Ryan
name: Coulais, Corentin
name: van Hecke, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combinatorial mechanical metamaterials feature spatially textured soft modes that yield exotic and useful mechanical properties. While a single soft mode often can be rationally designed by following a set of tiling rules for the building blocks of the metamaterial, it is an open question what design rules are required to realize multiple soft modes. Multimodal metamaterials would allow for advanced mechanical functionalities that can be selected on the fly. Here we introduce a transfer matrix-like framework to design multiple soft modes in combinatorial metamaterials composed of aperiodic tilings of building blocks. We use this framework to derive rules for multimodal designs for a specific family of building blocks. We show that such designs require a large number of degeneracies between constraints, and find precise rules on the real space configuration that allow such degeneracies. These rules are significantly more complex than the simple tiling rules that emerge for single-mode metamaterials. For the specific example studied here, they can be expressed as local rules for tiles composed of pairs of building blocks in combination with a nonlocal rule in the form of a global constraint on the type of tiles that are allowed to appear together anywhere in the configuration. This nonlocal rule is exclusive to multimodal metamaterials and exemplifies the complexity of rational design of multimode metamaterials. Our framework is a first step towards a systematic design strategy of multimodal metamaterials with spatially textured soft modes.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures
A review of the attributes of successful agriphotovoltaic projects
Creators: name: Premier, Alessandro
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 120105 Architecture Management
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 120199 Architecture not elsewhere classified

description: This item was presented in Auckland at the: Rethinking Sustainable Pacific Rim Territories. Proceedings of the 2020 APRU Sustainable Cities and Landscapes Hub PhD SymposiumDate: 14-18/12/20Editors: Paola Boarin, Errol Haarhoff, Manfredo Manfredini, Mohsen Mohammadzadeh, Alessandro Premier

ISBN: 978-0-473-53616-9
ABSTRACTClimate change is causing massive environmental disasters, which increasingly damage human civilization. To cope with climate risk, the world is progressively converting its energy dependence from the fossil fuel base to renewable energy such as photovoltaic solar farms. Successful photovoltaic (PV) projects have demonstrated various benefits and positive effects in all environmental, economic, and social aspects. However, conventional photovoltaic projects tend to have a serious land-use conflict issue with agricultural farmlands in that solar farms require huge land areas to install PV panels. Responsively, the concept of Agrivoltaic (APV), a mixed system that deploys photovoltaic panels over farmlands, emerged and have been implemented. Although numerous studies demonstrate the multiple benefits of APV, there is a lack of studies analyzing the influential attributes that may lead to the success or failure of the APV project. Thus, this paper aims to review and analyze the influential attributes of APV that may be relevant to its success or failure, based on the triple bottom lines-economic-environmental-social aspects. This paper also aim to review the opportunities and challenges that may arise when implementing APV into the urban environment.
The HD 98800 quadruple pre-main sequence system. Towards full orbital characterisation using long-baseline infrared interferometry
Creators: name: Zúñiga-Fernández, S.
name: Olofsson, J.
name: Bayo, A.
name: Haubois, X.
name: Corral-Santana, J. M.
name: Lopera-Mejía, A.
name: Ronco, M. P.
name: Tokovinin, A.
name: Gallenne, A.
name: Kennedy, G. M.
name: Berger, J. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HD 98800 is a young ($\sim10$ Myr old) and nearby ($\sim45$ pc) quadruple system, composed of two spectroscopic binaries orbiting around each other (AaAb and BaBb), with a gas-rich disk in polar configuration around BaBb. While the orbital parameters of BaBb and AB are relatively well constrained, this is not the case for AaAb. A full characterisation of this quadruple system can provide insights on the formation of such a complex system. The goal of this work is to determine the orbit of the AaAb subsystem and refine the orbital solution of BaBb using multi-epoch interferometric observations with the VLTI/PIONIER and radial velocities. The PIONIER observations provide relative astrometric positions and flux ratios for both AaAa and BaBb subsystems. Combining the astrometric points with radial velocity measurements, we determine the orbital parameters of both subsystems. We refined the orbital solution of BaBb and derived, for the first time, the full orbital solution of AaAb. We confirmed the polar configuration of the circumbinary disk around BaBb. From our solutions, we also inferred the dynamical masses of AaAb ($M_{Aa} = 0.93 \pm 0.09$ and $M_{Ab} = 0.29 \pm 0.02$ M$_{\odot}$). We also revisited the parameters of the AB outer orbit. Using the N-body simulation, we show that the system should be dynamically stable over thousands of orbital periods and that it made preliminary predictions for the transit of the disk in front of AaAb which is estimated to start around 2026. We discuss the lack of a disk around AaAb, which can be explained by the larger X-ray luminosity of AaAb, promoting faster photo-evaporation of the disk. High-resolution infrared spectroscopic observations would provide radial velocities of Aa and Ab (blended lines in contemporary observations), which would allow us to calculate the dynamical masses of Aa and Ab independently of the parallax of BaBb.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy \& Astrophysiscs journal (01/09/2021)
Predicted mobility edges in one-dimensional incommensurate optical lattices: An exactly solvable model of Anderson localization
Creators: name: Biddle, J.
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Localization properties of non-interacting quantum particles in one-dimensional incommensurate lattices are investigated with an exponential short-range hopping that is beyond the minimal nearest-neighbor tight-binding model. Energy dependent mobility edges are analytically predicted in this model and verified with numerical calculations. The results are then mapped to the continuum Schrodinger equation, and an approximate analytical expression for the localization phase diagram and the energy dependent mobility edges in the ground band obtained.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Preparation of salidroside with n-butyl β-D-glucoside as the glycone donor via a two-step enzymatic synthesis catalyzed by immobilized β-glucosidase from bitter almonds
Creators: name: Wang, Feng
name: Huang, Dengfa
name: Ma, Yong
name: Zhang, Fuming
name: Linhardt, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: β-Glucosidase from bitter almonds was immobilized on epoxy group-functionalized beads for catalyzing salidroside synthesis in a two-step process with n-butyl-β-D-glucoside (BG) as the glucosyl donor. The formation of salidroside ((0.59 ± 0.02) M) at a yield of 39.04%±1.25% was accomplished in 8 h by the transglucosylation of immobilized β-glucosidase at pH 8.0 and 50 °C when the ratio of BG to tyrosol was 1:2 (mol/mol). A study on the influence of different glycosyl acceptors demonstrated that the yield of the glucosylation reaction of phenylmethanol and cyclohexanol was higher than that of either phenol or cyclohexanol. This may account for the selectivity of the immobilized enzyme towards the alcoholic hydroxyl group of tyrosol in the salidroside synthesis reaction. A study on the synthesis of BG via the reverse hydrolysis of immobilized β-glucosidase showed that a yield of 78.04%±2.2% BG can be obtained with a product concentration of (0.23 ± 0.015) M.
Defining semantics with attribute grammars
Creators: name: Rushworth, Thomas Bryan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis examines the semantic definition of a programming language by a form of attribute grammar for ease of understanding. The attributes are expressed in a simple macro language and when evaluated produce code for an abstract machine. Part of an actual definition is looked at and found to be too obscure to be useful. The reasons for the obscurity are identified and suggestions are made for eliminating them.
Are Farmers an Endangered Species?: New and Beginning Farmers Forging New Communities of Support between Rural and Urban Consumers
Creators: name: Kondo, Chika
name: Suzuki, Atsushi
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90805 Food Processing
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 120599 Urban and Regional Planning not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography
subject: 160404 Urban and Regional Studies (excl. Planning)
subject: 70199 Agriculture, Land and Farm Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences

description: This item is part of: Boarin, P., Haarhoff, E., Manfredini, M., Mohammadzadeh, M., Premier, A., (2021). Rethinking Sustainable Pacific Rim Territories. Proceedings of the 2020 APRU Sustainable Cities and Landscapes Hub PhD Symposium, Future Cities Research Hub, School of Architecture and Planning of the University of Auckland. ISBN: 978-0-473-53616-9
ABSTRACTJapan’s aging and declining farming population continues to exacerbate the decline of rural regions. As a response, there have been strong efforts from governments and local organizations to provide avenues of support for new and beginning farmers via a certification process which provides access to funding and subsidized loans. While the Ministry of Fisheries, Forests, and Agriculture (MAFF) promotes SDG Goal 2 under the premise of sustainable agriculture through Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) certification and grants for environmentally friendly farming, this does not directly extend to supporting new farmers who hold strong interest in farming sustainably. Based on semi-structured interviews with farmers and government officials in Shiga Prefecture, we observe strong trends of new entry farmer collaborations and community building such as hosting unique opportunities for urban consumers to participate in agricultural activities, engaging with their surrounding rural residents to help uplift their region’s rural revitalization efforts, and building organizations and spaces for mutual support. The spaces of connection and relationship building that this current generation of new farmers is bridging between rural and urban areas provides insights on how best to support the future of rural areas and more holistically promote sustainable agriculture. New and beginning farmers especially those who promote sustainable agriculture serve critical roles in reshaping rural communities as they build capacity for solidarity between rural and urban areas.
Limits on scalar-induced gravitational waves from the stochastic background by pulsar timing array observations
Creators: name: Cai, Yi-Fu
name: He, Xin-Chen
name: Ma, Xiao-Han
name: Yan, Sheng-Feng
name: Yuan, Guan-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the NANOGrav, PPTA, EPTA, and CPTA collaborations independently reported their evidence of the Stochastic Gravitational Waves Background (SGWB). While the inferred gravitational-wave background amplitude and spectrum are consistent with astrophysical expectations for a signal from the population of supermassive black-hole binaries (SMBHBs), the search for new physics remains plausible in this observational window. In this work, we explore the possibility of explaining such a signal by the scalar-induced gravitational waves (IGWs) in the very early universe. We use a parameterized broken power-law function as a general description of the energy spectrum of the SGWB and fit it to the new results of NANOGrav, PPTA and EPTA. We find that this approach can put constraints on the parameters of IGW energy spectrum and further yield restrictions on various inflation models that may produce primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early universe, which is also expected to be examined by the forthcoming space-based GW experiments.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, update some references
Role of interfacial energy and liquid diffusivities on pattern formation during thin-film three-phase eutectic growth
Creators: name: Khanna, Sumeet
name: Choudhury, Abhik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate three-phase eutectic growth during thin-film directional solidification of a model symmetric ternary eutectic alloy. In contrast to two-phase eutectics that have only a single possibility, $αβαβ$..., as the growth pattern, during three-phase eutectic growth infinite possibilities exist. Here, we explore the possible existence of pattern selection influenced by the change in the solid-solid interfacial energies and the diffusivities. We begin the study by estimating the undercooling vs. spacing variation for the simplest possible configurations of pattern lengths 3 and 4, where phase-field simulations are utilized to quantify the influence of the solid-solid interfacial energy and the contrast in the component diffusivities. Subsequently, extended simulations consisting of multiple periods of $αβδ$... as well as $αβδβ$... are carried out for assessing the stability of the configurations to long-wavelength perturbations in spacing. Thereafter, growth competition among the simplest patterns is investigated through phase-field simulations of coupled growth of configurations of the type [$αβδ]_m[αβδβ]_n$, (m,n) being the respective number of periods. Finally, pattern selection is studied by initializing with random initial configurations and classifying the emerging patterns based on the phase sequences. The principal finding is that, while there is no strong phase selection, between the solid-solid interfacial energies and the contrast in the component diffusivities, we find the latter to strongly influence pattern morphology.
description: 33 pages, 15 figures
Re-discovery of the top quark at the LHC and first measurements
Creators: name: Acharya, Bobby S.
name: Cavallari, Francesca
name: Corcella, Gennaro
name: Di Sipio, Riccardo
name: Petrucciani, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the top quark physics measurements that can be performed with the first LHC data in the ATLAS and CMS experiments.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. Talk given at `V Workshop Italiano sulla Fisica pp a LHC', Perugia, Italy, 30 January - 2 February 2008
Are Farmers an Endangered Species?: New and Beginning Farmers Forging New Communities of Support between Rural and Urban Consumers
Creators: name: Premier, Alessandro
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 120105 Architecture Management
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 120199 Architecture not elsewhere classified

description: This item was presented in Auckland at the: Rethinking Sustainable Pacific Rim Territories. Proceedings of the 2020 APRU Sustainable Cities and Landscapes Hub PhD SymposiumDate: 14-18/12/20Editors: Paola Boarin, Errol Haarhoff, Manfredo Manfredini, Mohsen Mohammadzadeh, Alessandro Premier
ISBN: 978-0-473-53616-9

ABSTRACTJapan’s aging and declining farming population continues to exacerbate the decline of rural regions. As a response, there have been strong efforts from governments and local organizations to provide avenues of support for new and beginning farmers via a certification process which provides access to funding and subsidized loans. While the Ministry of Fisheries, Forests, and Agriculture (MAFF) promotes SDG Goal 2 under the premise of sustainable agriculture through Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) certification and grants for environmentally friendly farming, this does not directly extend to supporting new farmers who hold strong interest in farming sustainably. Based on semi-structured interviews with farmers and government officials in Shiga Prefecture, we observe strong trends of new entry farmer collaborations and community building such as hosting unique opportunities for urban consumers to participate in agricultural activities, engaging with their surrounding rural residents to help uplift their region’s rural revitalization efforts, and building organizations and spaces for mutual support. The spaces of connection and relationship building that this current generation of new farmers is bridging between rural and urban areas provides insights on how best to support the future of rural areas and more holistically promote sustainable agriculture. New and beginning farmers especially those who promote sustainable agriculture serve critical roles in reshaping rural communities as they build capacity for solidarity between rural and urban areas.
Hadron Interactions for Arbitrary Energies and Species, with Applications to Cosmic rays
Creators: name: Sjöstrand, Torbjörn
name: Utheim, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Pythia event generator is used in several contexts to study hadron and lepton interactions, notably $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ collisions. In this article we extend the hadronic modelling to encompass the collision of a wide range of hadrons $h$ with either a proton or a neutron, or with a simplified model of nuclear matter. To this end we model $hp$ total and partial cross sections as a function of energy, and introduce new parton distribution functions for a wide range of hadrons, as required for a proper modelling of multiparton interactions. The potential usefulness of the framework is illustrated by a simple study of the evolution of cosmic rays in the atmosphere, and by an even simpler one of shower evolution in a solid detector material. The new code will be made available for future applications.
description: 45 pages, 15 figures