Miconia angustidentata Almeda & Penneys 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Almeda, Frank
name: Penneys, Darin S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Myrtales
Melastomataceae
Miconia
Miconia angustidentata

description: Miconia angustidentata Almeda & Penneys, sp. nov. (Figure 1)   
Diagnosis: Distinguished by its 3–5-basally nerved entire leaves; axillary clusters of 3–5 sessile, mostly 5-merous flowers; sparse cover of minute stellate trichomes on abaxial foliar surfaces, hypanthia, and calyx lobes; conspicuous narrowly oblong calyx teeth that greatly exceed and obscure calyx lobes at anthesis and in fruit; white oblong apically acute petals that lack a subapical mucro on the abaxial surface; white stamens with ventrally inclined apical pores; and (4–) 5-locular superior ovary.  
 Type:— GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni region: Paruima, 5 km W; near camp on trail to Ararata savanna, 5°48’N, 61°06’W, 685 m elevation, 2 July 1997, fl., D. Clarke, T. Hollowell, K. David, C. Chin & C. Perry 5181 (holotype: CAS!; isotypes: BRG!, NY!, US!).   
Laxly branched shrub 1–2 m tall, cauline nodes of upper branchlets somewhat swollen, the internodes rounded-quadrate and somewhat canaliculate on the wider side, glabrous throughout. Leaves of a pair equal to markedly unequal in size, the smaller leaf often 1/3 the length of the larger but commonly deciduous; petioles 0.5–2 cm long; blades 4–10 × 1.3–4.7 cm, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, base acute to obtuse or broadly rounded, margin entire, 3–5-basally nerved with a midvein and 1–2 pairs of secondary veins, adaxially glabrous, abaxially glabrous to sparingly beset with sessile stellate trichomes. Inflorescence an axillary, sessile, subsessile or short-pedunculate (1.5 mm) cluster of 3–5 sessile flowers on one side of each node. Bracts and bracteoles 1 × 0.7–1.5 mm, persistent or tardily deciduous, broadly triangular to ovate or oblong-ovate, glabrous adaxially but minutely short-ciliate apically, abaxial surface glabrous to sparsely covered with sessile stellate trichomes that are sometimes intermixed with somewhat elongate barbed trichomes. Flowers (4–) 5-merous, perfect; hypanthia oblong-subcylindric, 2.5 mm long from the base to the glandular-ciliate torus (vascular ring); calyx tube 0.5 mm long, the calyx lobes 1 × 1.5 mm, triangular, sparsely covered with minute stellate trichomes on both surfaces like those on the hypanthia, and with a few minute glandular trichomes on the margins; calyx teeth green flushed with pink apically, sparingly covered with stellate trichomes, oblong and ± terete, the free distal portions 3 mm long, the basal portion completely fused to the calyx lobes; petals 3–4 × 0.5–0.75 mm, white, glabrous, oblong, apically acute and lacking a subapical mucro on the abaxial side. Stamens (8) 10 (–11), isomorphic, filaments 2–2.5 mm long, glabrous, white and conspicuously geniculate distally below the thecae at the filament insertion; anthers 2–3 mm long, oblong-subulate, arcuate with the distal portion curved outward and away from the style, white but drying yellow, the thecae conspicuously undulate (when dry), the apical pores ventrally inclined; connective somewhat thickened and prolonged just below the thecae for ca. 0.5 mm but unappendaged. Ovary (4–) 5- locular, completely superior, apex vaguely and inconspicuously elevated into a sparsely stellulate-puberulent lobulate collar 0.5 mm high. Style 5–6 mm long, white, straight and glabrous; stigma truncate to subcapitate. Berry 7–9 × 6–7 mm when dry, gray-blue to gray-purple or pale purple when ripe. Seeds ovoid to pyramidal and somewhat angulate on the antiraphal side, dark brown, 0.18–0.23 mm long and 0.01–0.07 mm wide, lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point typically toward the ± truncate chalazal side, raphal zone oblong to ovate, ca. 50% the length of the seed, testa vaguely rugulate and sometimes inconspicuously papillate along the chalazal side.  
 Phenology:— Miconia angustidentata has been collected in flower in March and July and in fruit in May, July, October, and November.   
 Habitat and distribution:— Miconia angustidentata is known only from the Cuyuni-Mazaruni region of northwestern Guyana where it grows in dense rain forest on brown sand or lateritic to clayey soils at 500–1200 m elevation (Figure 2).   
 Conservation status:— Miconia angustidentata is known from a limited area in upland rainforest west of the Mazaruni river with populations east and west of the Kamarang river as it flows in a north-south direction in northwestern Guyana. Miconia angustidentata has not been collected in adjacent regions of Venezuela, Suriname, or Brazil. The EOO is 20 km ² and the AOO is 20 km ². None of the collections of this species grow within a protected area. Because of its limited range, highly concentrated population structure in what amounts to fewer than five localities, and possible threat of habitat degradation or destruction in the future, we recommend a classification of Endangered (EN): B2ab(v).   
 Etymology:—The epithet for this species, angustidentata, draws attention to the narrow oblong calyx teeth that are fused to and largely obscure the abaxial surfaces of the inconspicuous calyx lobes at anthesis and in fruit.   
 Additional specimens examined:— GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni region: Paruima, 5 km W; near camp on trail to Ararata savanna, 5°48’N, 61°06’W, 685 m elevation, 2 July 1997, fl., Clarke et al. 5171 (BRG!, CAS!, MO!, NY!, US!); Cuyuni-Mazaruni region, Paruima, 9 km W, 0.5–1 km E of Ararata scrub area, 5°49’N, 61°08’W, 780 m elevation, 6 July 1997, fl., Clarke et al. 5430 (BRG!, CAS!, US!); Cuyuni-Mazaruni region, Paruima, 1.5 km S, summit of Konuktipu, 5°48’N, 61°03’W, 600 m elevation, 22 July 1997, fr., Clarke et al. 5959 (BRG!, CAS!, NY!, US!); Tamakay landing, Mazaruni river, Morabukea forest, 4 March 1949, fl., Forest Dept. of British Guiana F2855 (K!); Pakaraima mountains, Paruima Mission, 5°48’N, 61°01’W, 550 m elevation, 12 October 1981, fr., Maas et al. 5593 (U, US-00615248!, US-00615249!); Kamarang river-Wenamu trail, Moruka Creek, Morabukea forest, 1200 m elevation, 9 November 1951, fr., Maguire & Fanshawe 32465 (NY-03166002, digital image!, US!); Farm of Lloyd Anselmo, across Kamarang river from Paruima village, 5°49’N, 61°02’W, 500 m elevation, 28 May 1990, fr., McDowell & Gopaul 2928 (US!).   
 Discussion:— Miconia angustidentata is readily recognized by its 3–5-nerved entire leaves; axillary, sessile, subsessile, or short-pedunculate cluster of 3–5 sessile flowers with persistent or tardily deciduous, broadly triangular to ovate or oblong-ovate bracts and bracteoles; oblong-subcylindric hypanthia with a glandular-ciliate torus; triangular calyx lobes covered with minute stellate trichomes on both surfaces; oblong and ± terete calyx teeth that conceal the calyx lobes; ventrally inclined apical anther pores; superior ovary; and gray-blue to gray-purple or pale purple mature berries. The flowers are typically 5-merous and the ovaries are mostly 5-locular but a few flowers on the specimens available for study are 4-merous and at least a couple of ovaries are 4-locular in 4-merous flowers. The significance of this variation is difficult to gauge in view of the limited number of flowers and fruits on specimens studied. The specimen label on one collection (Maas et al. 5593) describes the leaves as green adaxially and wine-colored abaxially. We were unable to determine the consistency of this color difference on opposing leaf surfaces because all of the collections that were available for study turned dark upon drying.   
 Miconia angustidentata does not key satisfactorily to any of the species of Clidemia, Ossaea, or Miconia in the most recent accounts of Melastomataceae for the Guianas (Wurdack et al. 1993). It also does not match any of the described species of these genera included in other regional accounts for northern South America (Macbride 1941; Wurdack 1973, 1980; Berry 2001; Holst 2001) or the Mesoamerican region (Almeda 2009). Miconia angustidentata most closely resembles Clidemia sessiliflora (Naudin 1851: 311) Cogniaux (1888: 505) based on overall leaf shape and the congested axillary inflorescences. Clidemia sessiliflora differs most notably from M. angustidentata by it 5-plinerved leaf blades (vs. 3–5-basally nerved), uniformly 4-merous flowers (vs. modally 5-merous), ovate to semicircular calyx lobes (vs. triangular), shorter (0.75–1 mm long) calyx teeth (vs. 3 mm long) that do not obscure the calyx lobes, petals with a subapical mucro on the abaxial surface (vs. no mucro), dorsally inclined anther pores (vs. ventrally inclined), and a 2/3 inferior ovary that is 3-locular (vs. superior ovary that is modally 5-locular). Clidemia sessiliflora is also unlike M. angustidentata in its wider geographic range (Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela to Bolivia). Another species that is only superficially similar to M. angustidentata in overall leaf shape, venation, and the clustered axillary flowers is Clidemia minutiflora (Triana 1872: 137) Cogniaux (1888: 507). Based on DNA sequence data the latter is actually a Graffenrieda DC. (1828: 105) (fide F. A. Michelangeli, pers. comm.). It differs in having consistently 4- merous flowers, anthers with a short pedoconnective and dorso-basal staminal appendages, diminutive external calyx teeth, a 3-locular ovary that is ½ inferior, and a dry capsular fruit unlike other axillary-flowered species of Miconia.
description: Published as part of Almeda, Frank & Penneys, Darin S., 2018, A new Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) from upland rain forest of northwestern Guyana, pp. 115-120 in Phytotaxa 369 (2) on pages 116-119, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.369.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13704440