cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
VLBA Imaging Polarimetry of Active Galactic Nuclei - An Automated Approach
Creators: name: Taylor, G. B.
name: Fassnacht, C. D.
name: Sjouwerman, L. O.
name: Myers, S. T.
name: Ulvestad, J. S.
name: Walker, R. C.
name: Fomalont, E. B.
name: Pearson, T. J.
name: Readhead, A. C. S.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Michelson, P. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present full polarization Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations at 5 GHz and 15 GHz of 24 compact active galactic nuclei (AGN). These sources were observed as part of a pilot project to demonstrate the feasibility of conducting a large VLBI survey to further our understanding of the physical properties and temporal evolution of AGN jets. The sample is drawn from the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey (CLASS) where it overlaps with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at declinations north of 15 degrees. There are 2100 CLASS sources brighter than 50 mJy at 8.4 GHz, of which we have chosen 24 for this pilot study. All 24 sources were detected and imaged at 5 GHz with a typical dynamic range of 500:1, and 21 of 24 sources were detected and imaged at 15 GHz. Linear polarization was detected in 8 sources at both 5 and 15 GHz, allowing for the creation of Faraday rotation measure (RM) images. The core RMs for the sample were found to have an average absolute value of 390 +/- 100 rad/m^2. We also present the discovery of a new Compact Symmetric Object, J08553+5751. All data were processed automatically using pipelines created or adapted for the survey.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables, accepted to the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Full resolution figures and more available from http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/~gtaylor/VIPS
Prohibiting commercial surrogacy in Ireland
Creators: name: Bracken, Lydia
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 48
subject: Law and legal studies

description: The Health (Assisted Human Reproduction) Act 2024 regulates surrogacy for the first time in Ireland. The Act is based on a model of altruistic surrogacy, which applies to both domestic and international arrangements undertaken by Irish intending parents. The definition and prohibition on ‘commercial’ surrogacy in the legislation are broad, covering virtually all payments connected with surrogacy. Certain exceptions to the prohibition on commercial surrogacy apply in respect of international surrogacy, but not domestic surrogacy. Most notably, intending parents are permitted to make payments to surrogacy intermediaries in international surrogacy, but no such payments can be made domestically. In fact, the prohibition on commercial surrogacy appears to prohibit all payments other than the payment of legal fees and the surrogate’s reasonable expenses in the domestic context. As a result, this article argues that the definition and prohibition on commercial surrogacy under the 2024 Act will stymie domestic surrogacy in practice and create a two-tier approach to the prohibition on commercial surrogacy. At the same time, notwithstanding the exceptions that apply in respect of payments in international surrogacy, it is suggested that the 2024 Act will also restrict attempts by Irish intending parents to engage in surrogacy outside of the State due to the unworkable nature of the relevant provisions.
What do people bring into the game : experiments in the field about cooperation in the commons
Creators: name: Cardenas, Juan-Camilo
name: Ostrom, Elinor
name: Cardenas, Juan-Camilo
name: Ostrom, Elinor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Collective Action
subject: Cooperation
subject: Field Experiments
subject: Local Ecosystems
subject: Experimental Economics

description: The study of collective action requires an understanding of the individual incentives and of the institutional constraints that guide people in making choices about cooperating or defecting on the group facing the dilemma. The use of local ecosystems by groups of individuals is just one example where individual extraction increases well-being, but aggregate extraction decreases it. The use of economic experiments has enhanced the already diverse knowledge from theoretical and field sources of when and how groups can solve the problem through self-governing mechanisms. These studies have identified several factors that promote and limit collective action, associated with the nature of the production system that allows groups to benefit from a joint-access local ecosystem, and associated with the institutional incentives and constraints from both self-governed and externally imposed rules. In general, there is widespread agreement that cooperation can happen and be chosen by individuals as a rational strategy, beyond the “tragedy of the commons” prediction. A first step in this paper is to propose a set of layers of information that the individuals might be using to decide over their level of cooperation. The layers range from the material incentives that the specific production function imposes, to the dynamics of the game, to the composition of the group and the individual characteristics of the player. We next expand the experimental literature by analyzing data from a set of experiments conducted in the field with actual ecosystem users in three rural villages of Colombia using this framework. We find that repetition brings reciprocity motives into the decision making. Further, prior experience of the participants, their perception of external regulation, or the composition of the group in terms of their wealth and social position in the village, influence decisions to cooperate or defect in the experiment. The results suggest that understanding the multiple levels of the game, in terms of the incentives, the group and individual characteristics or the context, can help understand and therefore explore the potentials for solving the collective-action dilemma.
Twenty years of SpeX: Accuracy limits of spectral slope measurements in asteroid spectroscopy
Creators: name: Marsset, Michael
name: DeMeo, Francesca E.
name: Binzel, Richard P.
name: Bus, Schelte J.
name: Burbine, Thomas H.
name: Burt, Brian
name: Moskovitz, Nicholas
name: Polishook, David
name: Rivkin, Andrew S.
name: Slivan, Stephen M.
name: Thomas, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examined two decades of SpeX/NASA Infrared Telescope Facility observations from the Small Main-Belt Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey (SMASS) and the MIT-Hawaii Near-Earth Object Spectroscopic Survey (MITHNEOS) to investigate uncertainties and systematic errors in reflectance spectral slope measurements of asteroids. From 628 spectra of 11 solar analogs used for calibration of the asteroid spectra, we derived an uncertainty of 4.2%/micron on slope measurements over 0.8 to 2.4 micron. Air mass contributes to -0.92%/micron per 0.1 unit air mass difference between the asteroid and the solar analog, and therefore for an overall 2.8%/micron slope variability in SMASS and MITHNEOS designed to operate within 1.0 to 1.3 air mass. No additional observing conditions (including parallactic angle, seeing and humidity) were found to contribute systematically to slope change. We discuss implications for asteroid taxonomic classification works. Uncertainties provided in this study should be accounted for in future compositional investigation of small bodies to distinguish intrinsic heterogeneities from possible instrumental effects.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS
The contribution of IFPRI research and the impact of the Food for Education Program in Bangladesh on schooling outcomes and earnings
Creators: name: Ryan, James G.
name: Meng, Xin
name: Ryan, James G.
name: Meng, Xin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: "This paper evaluates the influence and impact that IFPRI research and related activities had on the initiation, evolution, and impact of the food for education (FFE) program in Bangladesh. It reviews the outputs from the IFPRI program and summarizes the perceptions of various stakeholders about the value and influence of these on the FFE program. A novel experimental evaluation methodology is used on household sample survey data to analyze the effects of FFE on schooling outcomes. Earnings functions are then estimated using national household income and expenditure survey data to assess the effect of schooling on earnings. Combining the two, the effects of the increased participation and duration of schooling (due to the FFE program) on lifetime earnings of children are derived. Using these incremental earnings figures, the internal rates of return for both national and private investments in the FFE program are estimated. From these, a conservative assessment of the economic value of IFPRI's contribution to the generation of the national benefits is made.... We conclude that a very conservative assessment of the economic value of IFPRI's contribution to the generation of the national benefits estimated above is that the FFE program began one year earlier than it might have without the IFPRI input. Based upon the total cost of the IFPRI-FFE research program of US$151,000, the internal rate of return on this research investment ranges from 64-96 percent. of all the other benefits are added to this, clearly the IFPRI contribution has been an outstanding economic investment. These benefits might have been even greater had IFPRI had an explicit communications strategy with more timely and available publications, along with appropriate advocacy based upon a more thorough knowledge of the dynamic political economy of government decision making in Bangladesh." -- from Authors' Abstract
Model Calculation of Effective Three-Body Forces
Creators: name: Ellis, P. J.
name: Engeland, T.
name: Hjorth-Jensen, M.
name: Kartamyshev, M. P.
name: Osnes, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for extracting an effective three-body interaction originating from a two-nucleon interaction. This is based on the Q-box method of Kuo and collaborators, where folded diagrams are obtained by differentiating a sum of non-folded diagrams with respect to the starting energy. To gain insight we have studied several examples using the Lipkin model where the perturbative approach can be compared with exact results. Numerically the three-body interactions can be significant and in a matrix example good accuracy was not obtained simultaneously for both eigenvalues with two-body interactions alone.
description: 9 pages, Revtex4, 7 figs, submitted to PRC
Why African governments under-invest in agriculture: results from an expert survey
Creators: name: Headey, Derek D.
name: Benson, Todd
name: Kolavalli, Shashidhara
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Headey, Derek D.
name: Benson, Todd
name: Kolavalli, Shashidhara
name: Fan, Shenggen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Political Economy
subject: Agricultural development
subject: urban bias
subject: public expenditure
subject: expert surveys.

description: Agricultural productivity growth is widely seen as an essential instrument of poverty reduction, food security and broader economic growth. Paradoxically, however, the agricultural sector is often neglected by African governments in what is often termed ‘urban bias’. This paper explores what appears to be a very contemporary form of urban bias: that despite open acknowledgement of the importance of agriculture, public expenditure allocations to the agricultural sector remain very low in Africa. An innovation of the paper is to go beyond the broad cross-country picture about why this might be the case to instead examine more complex country stories through the use of expert surveys. Specifically, we interview senior policymakers in ministries of agriculture, ministries of finance, planning authorities, and donor agencies, for two sub-Saharan African countries - Uganda and Ghana - in which agricultural expenditure shares have been very low since the structural adjustments of the 1980s. Expert opinions on this issue belie simplistic explanations of the neglect of agriculture, in that under-investment is attributed to a range of institutions and processes, including weak and inconsistent political leadership, ineffectual and organizationally dysfunctional ministries of agriculture, and budgetary processes that disadvantage both short term spending and long term planning in agriculture. The paper concludes with some novel policy implications from these results.
Correlation strength and orbital differentiation across the phase diagram of plutonium metal
Creators: name: Brito, W. H.
name: Kotliar, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the trends on the strength of electronic correlations across the different phases of elemental Pu focusing on its site and orbital dependence, using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) calculations within the vertex corrected one crossing approximation. We find that Pu-5$f$ states are more correlated in $δ$-Pu, followed by some crystallographic sites in $α$ and $β$ phases. In addition, we observe that Pu-5$f_{5/2}$ and Pu-5$f_{7/2}$ orbital differentiation is a general feature of this material, as is site differentiation in the low symmetry phases. The Pu-5$f_{5/2}$ states show Fermi liquid like behavior whereas the Pu-5$f_{7/2}$ states remaining incoherent down to very low temperatures. We correlate the correlation strength in the different phases to their structure and the Pu-5$f$ occupancy of their crystallographic sites.
High momentum particle and jet production in photon-photon collisions
Creators: name: Wengler, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jet and particle production have been studied in collisions of quasi-real photons collected during the LEP2 program. OPAL and DELPHI report good agreement of NLO perturbative QCD with the measured differential di-jet cross sections, which reach a mean transverse energy of the di-jet system of 25 GeV. L3, on the other hand, finds drastic disagreement of the same calculation with single jet production for transverse jet momenta larger than about 25 GeV. L3 observes similar disagreement between data and NLO QCD in their measurements of charged and neutral particle production at high transverse momenta of the particles. A recent measurement performed by DELPHI of the same quantities does not confirm this observation.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of PHOTON2005
Impact assessment of IFPRI's research and related activities based on economywide modeling
Creators: name: Anderson, Kym
name: Anderson, Kym
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: "Why is an economywide approach helpful for analyzing food policies, and what has been the impact of that part of IFPRI's activities over the past decade? This paper (the 21st in a series of studies commissioned by IFPRI to evaluate the impact of its research and related activities) attempts to assess the worth of those activities as part of a wider process aimed at improving the effectiveness of IFPRI's work and documenting for donors the wisdom of investing in it.... The report begins by laying out the utility of an economywide framework (Section 2), before summarizing the inputs into TMD's economywide modeling and other activities since 1994 (Section 3). It then catalogs the various outputs and tries to measure their outcomes in terms of such things as publication citations and website downloads of papers (Sections 4 and 5). The impact of those products is much more difficult to gauge (the standard attribution problem in assessing methodological and policy research), but two approaches are used in Section 6. One is to draw on responses to a questionnaire sent to a range of stakeholders in developing-country governments, policy think tanks, policy modelers, and other food and trade policy researchers at universities and international donor agencies. The other is to draw on narratives provided by current IFPRI staff and others. The final section summarizes what has been found in this assessment." -- from Author's Abstract"
Measurement of the $t\bar{t}$ production cross-section in the lepton+jets channel at $\sqrt{s}=13\;$TeV with the ATLAS experiment
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $t\bar{t}$ production cross-section is measured in the lepton+jets channel using proton$-$proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. Events with exactly one charged lepton and four or more jets in the final state, with at least one jet containing $b$-hadrons, are used to determine the $t\bar{t}$ production cross-section through a profile-likelihood fit. The inclusive cross-section is measured to be ${σ_{\text{inc}} = 830 \pm 0.4~ \text{(stat.)}\pm 36~\text{(syst.)}\pm 14~\text{(lumi.)}~\mathrm{pb}}$ with a relative uncertainty of 4.6 %. The result is consistent with theoretical calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. The fiducial $t\bar{t}$ cross-section within the experimental acceptance is also measured.
description: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 3 figures, 3 tables, submitted to PLB. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2020-02/
O'ZBEKISTON VA FRANSIYA O'RTASIDAGI DIPLOMATIK MUNOSABATLARNING TARIXI VA YANGI DAVRI
Creators: name: Pardayev, Qobiljon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqola O‘zbekiston va Fransiya o‘rtasidagi diplomatik aloqalarning boshlanish tarixi va ahamiyati hamda 2022-yil 21-22-noyabr kunlari O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyevning Fransiyaga rasmiy tashrifi va uning natijalari hamda Fransiya prezidenti Emmanuel Makronni 2023-yil  1-noyabr kuni O‘zbekistonga tashrifi haqida yozilgan.
Supplying Improved Seed to Farmers in Rural Kenya: The Case of Freshco Kenya Ltd.
Creators: name: Mabaya, Edward T.
name: Cramer, Laura K.
name: Mahiga, Veronica K.
name: Pham, Huong Q.
name: Simpson, Tara M.
name: Tang, Xiaowei C.
name: Mabaya, Edward T.
name: Cramer, Laura K.
name: Mahiga, Veronica K.
name: Pham, Huong Q.
name: Simpson, Tara M.
name: Tang, Xiaowei C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Kenya
subject: seed industry
subject: smallholder farmers
subject: scenario planning

description: Freshco, a small producer and distributor of hybrid maize seed and macadamia seedlings, was one of the first private companies to enter the Kenya seed market after its liberalization. Currently, the company produces and markets six high yielding maize varieties that are suited for diverse agro-ecological conditions. Despite the company’s encouraging growth in the local maize seed market, Freshco’s executives recognize the need to scale up operations to stay competitive. The company’s challenge is to recognize business opportunities and customer needs in an environment susceptible to ecological, political, and socioeconomic change.
Competitive Analysis and Market Power of China’s Soybean Import Market
Creators: name: Song, Baohui
name: Marchant, Mary A.
name: Reed, Michael R.
name: Xu, Shuang
name: Song, Baohui
name: Marchant, Mary A.
name: Reed, Michael R.
name: Xu, Shuang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Chinese soybean import market
subject: competitive structure analysis
subject: market power
subject: two-country partial equilibrium trade model

description: This research conducts a competitive structure analysis of the Chinese soybean import market which leads to the hypothesis that China’s soybean importers may have stronger market power in China’s soybean import market. Then, this research develops and simultaneously estimates a two-country partial equilibrium trade model to test U.S.-China market power of soybean trade. The empirical result supports our hypothesis that Chinese soybean importers have stronger market power relative to U.S. soybean exporters. This Chinese market power can be countered by U.S. and South American companies through developing new and expanding existing markets for soybeans throughout the world and investing in Chinese soybean storage and crushing capacity.
Efficiency and Productivity Changes in the Indian Food Processing Industry: Determinants and Policy Implications
Creators: name: Ali, Jabir
name: Singh, Surendra P.
name: Ekanem, Enefiok P.
name: Ali, Jabir
name: Singh, Surendra P.
name: Ekanem, Enefiok P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Technical Efficiency
subject: Total Factor Productivity (TFP)
subject: Food Processing
subject: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
subject: India

description: This paper analyses efficiency and productivity changes in 12 broad segments of food manufacturing industries during pre and post liberalisation periods, covering a period of two decades, from 1980-1981 to 2001-2002. The nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach is used to compute the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity (TFP) change, which has been further decomposed into efficiency and technical change. This paper also evaluates the performance of major inputs used in the food processing industry and identifies the causes of inefficiency across various segments. Based on the findings, the paper gives suggestions that can be used by policy makers and food processors in making decisions regarding various technical and managerial aspects to improve productivity and efficiency.
New limit on fundamental weak-interaction parameters from superallowed beta decay
Creators: name: Hardy, J. C.
name: Towner, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new critical survey of all world data on superallowed beta decays provides demanding tests of, and tight constraints on, the weak interaction. In confirmation of the conserved vector current (CVC) hypothesis, the vector coupling coupling constant is demonstrated to be constant to better than 3 parts in 10^4, and any induced scalar current is limited to fs \leq 0.0013 in electron rest-mass units. The possible existence of a fundamental scalar current is similarly limited to |Cs/Cv| \leq 0.0013. The superallowed data also determine the CKM matrix element to be Vud = 0.9738(4). With PDG values for Vus and Vub, the top-row test of CKM unitarity yields Vud^2 + Vus^2 + Vub^2 = 0.9966(14); although, if a recent result on Ke3 decay is used exclusively to obtain Vus, this sum becomes 0.9999(16). Limits on possible right-hand currents are given.
description: 4 pages, one postscript file
Market Segmentation Practices of Retail Crop Input Firms
Creators: name: Reimer, Aaron
name: Downey, W. Scott
name: Akridge, Jay T.
name: Reimer, Aaron
name: Downey, W. Scott
name: Akridge, Jay T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: market segmentation
subject: target marketing
subject: crop inputs
subject: distribution channel
subject: retailer

description: The farmers targeted by crop input retailers may be divided into distinct groups or segments, but retail crop input firms vary in their ability to implement strategies to serve individual segments. In this study, segmentation practices among cooperatives and independently owned crop input retailers were explored. Addressing gaps between Best’s seven-step market segmentation framework and retailer practices will help practitioners serve evolving farmer-customers.
Certified variational quantum algorithms for eigenstate preparation
Creators: name: Kardashin, Andrey
name: Uvarov, Alexey
name: Yudin, Dmitry
name: Biamonte, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Solutions to many-body problem instances often involve an intractable number of degrees of freedom and admit no known approximations in general form. In practice, representing quantum-mechanical states of a given Hamiltonian using available numerical methods, in particular those based on variational Monte Carlo simulations, become exponentially more challenging with increasing system size. Recently quantum algorithms implemented as variational models have been proposed to accelerate such simulations. The variational ansatz states are characterized by a polynomial number of parameters devised in a way to minimize the expectation value of a given Hamiltonian, which is emulated by local measurements. In this study, we develop a means to certify the termination of variational algorithms. We demonstrate our approach by applying it to three models: the transverse field Ising model, the model of one-dimensional spinless fermions with competing interactions, and the Schwinger model of quantum electrodynamics. By means of comparison, we observe that our approach shows better performance near critical points in these models. We hence take a further step to improve the applicability and to certify the results of variational quantum simulators.
description: 9 pages; 6 figures; REVTeX4-1
Greene Gardens
Creators: name: Baker, Gregory A.
name: Hanson, Kirk O.
name: Baker, Gregory A.
name: Hanson, Kirk O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: business ethics
subject: communication
subject: crisis management
subject: spinach

description: The case describes the 2006 E. coli outbreak in the California spinach industry. The case unfolds over a period of about one month, with four separate eventful days described in detail. At the end of the narrative for each day, the reader is asked to decide how he or she would respond to the events and justify his or her decision.
Reaction-diffusion processes on correlated and uncorrelated scale-free networks
Creators: name: Gallos, Lazaros K.
name: Argyrakis, Panos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare reaction-diffusion processes of the $A+A\to 0$ type on scale-free networks created with either the configuration model or the uncorrelated configuration model. We show via simulations that except for the difference in the behavior of the two models, different results are observed within the same model when the minimum number of connections for a node varies from $k_{\rm min}=1$ to $k_{\rm min}=2$. This difference is attributed to the varying local properties of the two systems. In all cases we are able to identify a power law behavior of the density decay with time with an exponent $f>1$, considerably larger than its lattice counterpart.
The Revolution In Database System Architecture
Creators: name: Gray, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.4

description: Database system architectures are undergoing revolutionary changes. Algorithms and data are being unified by integrating programming languages with the database system. This gives an extensible object-relational system where non-procedural relational operators manipulate object sets. Coupled with this, each DBMS is now a web service. This has huge implications for how we structure applications. DBMSs are now object containers. Queues are the first objects to be added. These queues are the basis for transaction processing and workflow applica-tions. Future workflow systems are likely to be built on this core. Data cubes and online analytic processing are now baked into most DBMSs. Beyond that, DBMSs have a framework for data mining and machine learning algorithms. Decision trees, Bayes nets, clustering, and time series analysis are built in; new algorithms can be added. Text, temporal, and spatial data access methods, along with their probabilistic reasoning have been added to database systems. Allowing approximate and probabilistic answers is essential for many applications. Many believe that XML and xQuery will be the main data structure and access pattern. Database systems must accommodate that perspective.These changes mandate a much more dynamic query optimization strategy. Intelligence is moving to the periphery of the network. Each disk and each sensor will be a competent database machine. Relational algebra is a convenient way to program these systems. Database systems are now expected to be self-managing, self-healing, and always-up.
description: Original at http://research.microsoft.com/research/pubs/view.aspx?tr_id=735
Changes, States, and Events: The Thread from Staticity to Dynamism in the Conceptual Modeling of Systems
Creators: name: Al-Fedaghi, Sabah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper examines the concept of change in conceptual modeling. Change is inherent in the nature of things and has increasingly become a focus of much interest and investigation. Change can be modeled as a transition between two states of a finite state machine (FSM). This change represents an exploratory starting point in this paper. Accordingly, a sample FSM that models a car s transmission system is re-expressed in terms of a new modeling methodology called thinging machine (TM) modeling. Recasting the car-transmission model involves developing (1) an S model that captures the static aspects, (2) a D model that identifies states, and (3) a B model that specifies the behavior. The analysis progresses as follows. - S represents an atemporal diagrammatic description that embeds underlying compositions (static changes) from which the roots of system behavior can be traced. - S is broken down into multiple subsystems that correspond to static states (ordered constitutive components). - Introducing time into static states converts these states into events, and the behavior (B) model is constructed based on the chronology of these events. The analysis shows that FSM states are static (atemporal) changes that introduce temporal events as carriers of behavior. This result enhances the semantics of the concepts of change, states, and events in modeling and shows how to specify a system s behavior through its static description.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures
Concept Mapping as an Instrument for Evaluating an Instruction Unit on Holography (Concept Maps als Evaluierungsinstrumente einer Unterrichtseinheit zur Holographie)
Creators: name: Horn, Martin Erik
name: Mikelskis, Helmut F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to its amazing three-dimensional effects, holography is a very motivating, yet very demanding subject for physics classes at the upper level in school. For this reason an instruction unit on holography that supplement holographic experiments with computer-supported work sessions and a simulation program was developed. The effects of the lessons on holography were determined by a pre-post-test design. In addition to videotaping the lessons, knowledge and motivational tests as well as student interviews, students were asked to prepare concept maps, which were used to track processes of model construction. The way this knowledge was applied largely depends on the students' understanding of models. In particular it was shown that the participating students' demonstrated capacity for distinguishing between the different models of light is of great importance. Only students with a developed capacity for distinguishing between models are able to reason in an problem-oriented manner. They recognize the limits of models and are not only able to specifically designate changes from models and levels of models, but also to apply these in a physically correct manner.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, in English and German
Additional file 1 of Recovery of ovarian function by human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells in cisplatin-induced premature ovarian failure in mice
Creators: name: Yoon, Sook Young
name: Yoon, Jung Ah
name: Park, Mira
name: Shin, Eun-Young
name: Sookyung Jung
name: Jeoung Eun Lee
name: Eum, Jin Hee
name: Haengseok Song
name: Lee, Dong Ryul
name: Lee, Woo Sik
name: Lyu, Sang Woo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary materials and methods
Lessons from the Canadian Cattle Industry for Developing the National Animal Identification System
Creators: name: Murphy, Ryan G.L.
name: Pendell, Dustin L.
name: Smith, Gary C.
name: Murphy, Ryan G.L.
name: Pendell, Dustin L.
name: Smith, Gary C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Animal Identification
subject: Canadian Cattle Identification Agency
subject: National Animal Identification System

description: The primary focus of animal identification programs, which are rapidly developing throughout the world, is to effectively respond to animal health emergencies that have the potential to cause devastating consequences to animal and public health. Additional benefits of an animal identification program include maintaining or expanding international trade, increased consumer confidence, and improved supply chain management. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a series of recommendations for the U.S. to consider as it continues to develop the National Animal Identification System. The secondary objective is to explain how some progressive operations, spanning all sectors of the live cattle and beef industry supply chain complex in Canada, have utilized the technology of the mandatory cattle identification program to improve management intensity.
An Energy Stable Linear Diffusive Crank-Nicolson Scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard Gradient Flow
Creators: name: Wang, Lin
name: Yu, Haijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose and analyze a linearly stabilized semi-implicit diffusive Crank--Nicolson scheme for the Cahn--Hilliard gradient flow. In this scheme, the nonlinear bulk force is treated explicitly with two second-order stabilization terms. This treatment leads to linear elliptic system with constant coefficients and provable discrete energy dissipation. Rigorous error analysis is carried out for the fully discrete scheme. When the time step-size and the space step-size are small enough, second order accuracy in time is obtained with a prefactor controlled by some lower degree polynomial of $1/\varepsilon$. {Here $\varepsilon$ is the thickness of the interface}. Numerical results together with an adaptive time stepping are presented to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1710.03604, arXiv:1708.09763
Drivers of Demand for Imported Horticultural Commodities: A Cross-Country Comparison
Creators: name: Rickard, Bradley J.
name: St. Pierre, Christine M.
name: Becker, Gabriel M.
name: Rickard, Bradley J.
name: St. Pierre, Christine M.
name: Becker, Gabriel M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Emerging markets
subject: Horticultural commodities
subject: Import demand
subject: International trade

description: International trade of horticultural commodities is increasingly important in many regions of the world, yet relatively little research has studied import patterns of key horticultural crops. Using data between 1991 and 2005, we find that import demand for horticultural commodities in developed countries has been driven primarily by prices and the level of trade openness while income and diet considerations were more important in emerging countries. Furthermore, our results show that the determinants of import demand differed across the selected crops, and therefore information can be lost if data for horticultural commodities are aggregated.
Accurate bulk properties of nuclei from $A = 2$ to $\infty$ from potentials with $Δ$ isobars
Creators: name: Jiang, W. G.
name: Ekström, A.
name: Forssén, C.
name: Hagen, G.
name: Jansen, G. R.
name: Papenbrock, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We optimize $Δ$-full nuclear interactions from chiral effective field theory. The low-energy constants of the contact potentials are constrained by two-body scattering phase shifts, and by properties of bound-state of $A=2$ to $4$ nucleon systems and nuclear matter. The pion-nucleon couplings are taken from a Roy-Steiner analysis. The resulting interactions yield accurate binding energies and radii for a range of nuclei from $A=16$ to $A=132$, and provide accurate equations of state for nuclear matter and realistic symmetry energies. Selected excited states are also in agreement with data.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Comparison of methods for handling covariate missingness in propensity score estimation with a binary exposure
Creators: name: Coffman, Donna L.
name: Jiangxiu Zhou
name: Xizhen Cai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Simulation results for scenario A, n = 500, 50%missing. Table S2. Simulation results for scenario G, n = 500, 50%missing. Table S3. Simulation results for scenario A, n = 1000, 25%missing. Table S4. Simulation results for scenario G, n = 1000, 25%missing. Table S5. Simulation results for scenario A, n = 1000, 50%missing. Table S6. Simulation results for scenario G, n = 1000, 50%missing. Table S7. Simulation results for scenario A, n = 5000, 25%missing. Table S8. Simulation results for scenario G, n = 5000, 25%missing. Table S9. Simulation results for scenario A, n = 5000, 50%missing. Table S10. Simulation results for scenario G, n = 5000, 50%missing. Table S11. Simulation results for scenario G with the correct logistic model (50%missing).
Opportunities for Producing Table Grapes in Egypt for the Export Market: A Decision Case Study
Creators: name: Diab, Yaser A.A.
name: Mousa, Magdi A.A.
name: Warnock, Daniel F.
name: Hahn, David E.
name: Diab, Yaser A.A.
name: Mousa, Magdi A.A.
name: Warnock, Daniel F.
name: Hahn, David E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Decision case
subject: horticulture
subject: agriculture economics
subject: grape production

description: The Barakat Fruit Farm desires to increase their share of the exportable grape market in Egypt. Unfortunately, the grape cultivars currently cultivated by the farm bear fruit after the early market window to the European Union when prices are high. An analysis of the company, competition, consumer, market channel, and conditions, provides insight into possible solutions to the challenges faced by the farm management. Designed for undergraduate classroom use, this case encourages students to think outside of traditional production techniques to arrive at solutions that are viable from both crop culture and financial standpoints.
Cosmic Gamma Ray Constraints on the Indirect Effects of Dark Matter
Creators: name: Belotsky, Konstantin M.
name: Kamaletdinov, Airat Kh.
name: Shlepkina, Ekaterina S.
name: Solovyov, Maxim L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed anomalous excess of high-energy cosmic ray (CR) positrons is widely discussed as possible indirect evidence for dark matter (DM). However, any source of cosmic positrons is inevitably the source of gamma radiation. The least model dependent test of CR anomalies interpretation via DM particles decays (or annihilation) is connected with gamma-ray background due to gamma overproduction in such processes. In this work, we impose an observational constraint on gamma ray production from DM. Then, we study the possible suppression of gamma yield in the DM decays into identical final fermions. Such DM particles arise in the multi-component dark atom model. The influence of the interaction vertices on the gamma suppression was also considered. No essential gamma suppression effects are found. However, some minor ones are revealed.
description: The article was published in MDPI "Particle". The authors used to the article structure suggested by the journal (MDPI "Particles")
Additional file 2 of Dietary inflammatory index, risk of incident hypertension, and effect modification from BMI
Creators: name: Conor-James MacDonald
name: Laouali, Nasser
name: Anne-Laure Madika
name: Mancini, Francesca Romana
name: Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Two-neutrino double-beta decay in pionless effective field theory from a Euclidean finite-volume correlation function
Creators: name: Davoudi, Zohreh
name: Kadam, Saurabh V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-neutrino double-beta decay of certain nuclear isotopes is one of the rarest Standard Model processes observed in nature. Its neutrinoless counterpart is an exotic lepton-number nonconserving process that is widely searched for to determine if the neutrinos are Majorana fermions. In order to connect the rate of these processes to the Standard Model and beyond the Standard Model interactions, it is essential that the corresponding nuclear matrix elements are constrained reliably from theory. Lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) and low-energy effective field theories (EFTs) are expected to play an essential role in constraining the matrix element of the two-nucleon subprocess, which could in turn provide the input into ab initio nuclear-structure calculations in larger isotopes. Focusing on the two-neutrino process $nn \to pp \, (ee \barν_e\barν_e)$, the amplitude is constructed in this work in pionless EFT at next-to-leading order, demonstrating the emergence of a renormalization-scale independent amplitude and the absence of any new low-energy constant at this order beyond those present in the single-weak process. Most importantly, it is shown how a LQCD four-point correlation function in Euclidean and finite-volume spacetime can be used to constrain the Minkowski infinite-volume amplitude in the EFT. The same formalism is provided for the related single-weak process, which is an input to the double-$β$ decay formalism. The LQCD-EFT matching procedure outlined for the double-weak amplitude paves the road toward constraining the two-nucleon matrix element entering the neutrinoless double-beta decay amplitude with a light Majorana neutrino.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures. v2 matches the published version in which typos are corrected, a reference and a clarifying footnote are added
Tunable difference equations for the time-domain simulation of power system operating states
Creators: name: Calviño-Fraga, Jesús
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This report presents the development of a new family of difference equations for the numerical solution of systems of differential equations arising in electric power circuits. The main advantage of these difference equations is their adjustability, which allows for the tuning of the resulting formulas while using large time steps. The tuned formulas have been used successfully in the time-domain simulation of 50/60-Hz solutions of electric power circuits for linear and non-linear problems. The linear steady state and the non-linear power flow problems can be solved, with no error either in magnitude or in phase, at a comparable computational cost to traditional techniques such as the well-known phasor analysis and Newton-Raphson iterations. Additionally, the techniques developed do not use complex numbers, resulting in a faster matrix factorization for linear systems, or a smaller Jacobian matrix for non-linear systems. The main advantage of the proposed techniques is that due to the time-domain nature of the simulation, where the transition from one time solution to the next represents a small transition between states, the technique is able to closely follow the trajectory of the system even for ill-conditioned power flow problems where traditional Newton-Raphson iterations fail to converge, such as when the system buses are beyond or near the point of voltage collapse. With the proposed novel formulas, the computational cost of generating PV curves across all busses of the power system network is greatly reduced, and the resulting curves clearly show the point of voltage collapse as well as any unstable voltage/power combination thereafter. The ability to quickly obtain PV curves makes the proposed techniques particularly well suited for online power system monitoring of operating states. Also, since these new difference equations introduce very little error for frequencies lower than the tuned frequency, they are also well suited for the solution of dynamic power flow problems such as those resulting from loads variation, transformers tap change, and outages.