Horismenus Walker 1843
Creators: name: Hansson, Christer
name: Kenyon, Sarah G.
name: Benrey, Betty
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eulophidae
Horismenus

description: Key to Horismenus species associated with bruchid beetles   
1 Scutellum flat, partly to predominantly smooth (Figs 2, 6, 75).................................................. 2  
 - Scutellum distinctly convex, usually predominantly to completely reticulate (e.g. Fig. 20) (in H. distinguendus scutellum is smooth, but distinctly convex—see below)................................................................. 4   
 2 Female gaster very long, MM/LG = 0.6–0.7 (Fig. 74), posterior part of tergite I reticulate (Fig. 74); male scape inflated and dark in colour (Fig. 77).........  H. gabrielae sp. nov.  (♀, ♂) (Mexico, from unidentified bruchids in seeds of Leucaena sp.)   
- Female gaster shorter, MM/LG = 1.0–1.1 (Figs 15–16), posterior part of tergite I with punctures (Figs 15–16); male scape more slender and predominantly pale in colour (4, 8)......................................................... 3  
 3 Female gaster with apex pointed (Fig. 16); mesoscutum and scutellum dull golden-green (Fig. 2).............................................  H. depressus Gahan  (♀, ♂) (USA (Arizona & Texas (new records), California, from Stator spp.)   
 - Female gaster with apex more blunt (Fig. 15); mesoscutum and scutellum bright metallic bluish-green (Fig. 6), sometimes also with purple tinges......................  H. depressoides sp. nov.  (♀, ♂) (Honduras, Mexico, from Acanthoscelides sp.)   
4 Femora dark brown or metallic........................................................................... 5  
- Femora yellowish-white or yellowish-brown................................................................ 6  
 5 Scutellum smooth and shiny (Fig. 70); propodeum with median carina wide and expanding towards posterior part (Fig. 70)…..........................................................................  H. distinguendus Blanchard  (♀) (Argentina, Brazil, from an unidentified bruchid – morphologically this species is different from most other species associated with bruchids and also has several other host records (see Hansson 2009); it is possibly a hyperparasitoid)   
 - Scutellum with strong reticulation (Fig. 71); propodeum with median carina narrow and with sides more or less parallel (Fig. 71)............................  H. puniceus Hansson  (♀, ♂) (Chile, Uruguay, from Pseudopachymeria spinipes (Er.))   
 6 Frons lateral to anterior ocellus with strong engraved reticulation (Fig. 69)....................  H. erasmus Hansson  (♂) (Ecuador, from an unidentified bruchid)   
- Frons lateral to anterior ocellus with strong raised reticulation (e.g. Fig. 25)....................................... 7  
 7 Antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately (Fig. 68)......................................  H. perus Hansson  (♀) (Peru, host unknown but possibly bruchids as the species is similar to H. missouriensis)   
- Antennal scrobes join below frontal suture (as in e.g. Fig. 25) (in some specimens, especially males, scrobes join on frontal suture).............................................................................................. 8  
 8 Gaster with 1 st tergite with medioposterior part with reticulation.......................  H. productus (Ashmead)  (♀, ♂) (USA (New Mexico), from Bruchus amicus Horn)   
 - Gaster with 1 st tergite with medioposterior part with punctures (in some specimens almost smooth)..................... 9   
 9 Head and mesosoma black with metallic tinges.....................................  H. bruchophagus Burks  (♀, ♂) (USA (Texas), from Mimosestes sallaei (Sharp))   
- Head and mesosoma bright metallic bluish-green to golden-green.............................................. 10  
 10 Female flagellum short (Figs 50, 54, 62, 66), e.g. 1 st flagellomere 1.8-2.1× as long as wide; male scape inflated (Figs 51, 55), 2.8× as long as wide.................................................................................. 11   
 - Female flagellum long (Figs 18, 24, 46), e.g. 1 st flagellomere 2.8-3.5× as long as wide; male scape narrow (Figs 19, 47), 4.1– 4.5× as long as wide (male unknown in H. multistriatus)...................................................... 12   
 11 Head stout (Fig. 64), in dorsal view 2.0× as wide as long; flagellum short (Figs 54, 55, 66), 1.6× as long as scape in female, 1.7× in male; male scape predominantly dark with at most basal ¼ pale (Fig. 55)................  H. stator sp. nov.  (♀, ♂) (USA (Arizona), from Stator spp.)   
 - Head less stout (Fig. 60), in dorsal view 2.3× as wide as long; flagellum long (Figs 50, 51, 62), 1.9× as long as scape in female, 2.3× in male; male scape with apical ¼ dark and basal ½ pale (Fig. 51)..............  H. missouriensis (Ashmead)  (♀, ♂) (with large distribution, recorded from the USA (New York) southwards to Argentina (Hansson 2009), many hosts - see Hansson (2009)).   
 12 Propodeum with anterolateral foveae predominantly smooth (Fig. 39); gaster with 1 st tergite with medioposterior part with elongate punctures (Fig. 42).........................  H. multistriatus sp. nov.  (♀) (Mexico, from Acanthoscelides sp.)   
 - Propodeum with anterolateral foveae predominantly reticulate (Figs 37, 38); gaster with 1 st tergite with medioposterior part with round punctures (Figs 40, 41)....................................................................... 13   
 13 Propodeum with anterolateral foveae with lateral margin rounded (Fig. 37); female 1 st flagellomere longer (3.1× as long as wide) (Fig. 34); male thoracic dorsum and vertex metallic bluish-green (Fig. 45)......  H. butcheri Hansson & Aebi  (♀, ♂) (Mexico, USA (New Mexico), from Acanthoscelides sp. and Bruchus amicus)   
 - Propodeum with anterolateral foveae with lateral margin straight (Fig. 38); female 1 st flagellomere shorter (2.2× as long as wide) (Fig. 35); male thoracic dorsum and vertex golden-red (Fig. 21)........................  H. dennoi sp. nov.  (♀, ♂) (Mexico, from Acanthoscelides sp.)
description: Published as part of Hansson, Christer, Kenyon, Sarah G. & Benrey, Betty, 2019, Species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with bruchid beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), including five new species, pp. 168-188 in Zootaxa 4585 (1) on pages 169-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/2636143