cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
M32+/-1
Creators: name: Lauer, Tod R.
name: Faber, S. M.
name: Ajhar, Edward A.
name: Grillmair, Carl J.
name: Scowen, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: WFPC-2 images are used to study the central structure of M31, M32, and M33. The dimmer peak, P2, of the M31 double nucleus is centered on the bulge to 0.1", implying that it is the dynamical center of M31. P2 contains a compact source discovered by King et al. (1995) at 1700 A. This source is resolved, with r_{1/2} approx0.2 pc. It dominates the nucleus at 3000 A, and is consistent with late B-early A stars. This probable cluster may consist of young stars and be an older version of the cluster of hot stars at the center of the Milky Way, or it may consist of heavier stars built up from collisions in a possible cold disk of stars orbiting P2. In M32, the central cusp rises into the HST limit with gamma approx0.5, and the central density rho_0>10^7M_sol pc^-3. The V-I and U-V color profiles are flat, and there is no sign of an inner disk, dust, or any other structure. This total lack of features seems at variance with a nominal stellar collision time of 2 X 10^10 yr, which implies that a significant fraction of the light in the central pixel should come from blue stragglers. InM33, the nucleus has an extremely steep gamma=1.49 power-law profile for 0.05" 2 10^6M_sol pc^-3, and the implied relaxation time is only ~3 X 10^6 yr, indicating that the nucleus is highly relaxed. The accompanying short collision time of 7 X 10^9 yr predicts a central blue straggler component quantitatively consistent with the strong V-I and B-R color gradients seen with HST and from the ground.
description: 44 pages, 22 figures (7 as separate JPEG images), submitted to The Astronomical Journal. Full postscript image available at http://www.noao.edu/noao/staff/lauer/lauer_papers
Additional file 1: of Comparative analysis of the genetic variability within the Q-type C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factors in the economically important cabbage, canola and Chinese cabbage genomes
Creators: name: Lawrence, Susan
name: Novak, Nicole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S1-S4, Figure S1. Brassica gene names, location on genome, comparative percent identity of protein sequences. Protein sequences used in this work that have been altered from the appropriate databases. (PDF 201 kb)
Fireballs in Dense Stellar Regions as an explanation of Gamma Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Shaviv, Nir J.
name: Dar, Arnon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a cosmological scenario for gamma ray bursts (GRBs) where relativistic flows interact with dense radiation fields. It is shown that this scenario is plausible in very dense stellar regions which are known to exist in collapsed cores of globular clusters or dense nuclei of galaxies. It yields a correct quantitative description of the temporal behavior of GRBs. Several other properties of GRBs are easily explained.
description: 6 pages, uuencoded postscript file including figures, Submitted to Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc
Constraints on Upper Cutoffs in the Mass Functions of Young Star Clusters
Creators: name: Mok, Angus
name: Chandar, Rupali
name: Fall, S. Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test claims that the power-law mass functions of young star clusters (ages $\lesssim\mbox{few}\times10^8$~yr) have physical upper cutoffs at $M_*\sim10^5~M_{\odot}$. Specifically, we perform maximum-likelihood fits of the Schechter function, $ψ(M)=dN/dM\propto M^β~\mbox{exp}(-M/M_*)$, to the observed cluster masses in eight well-studied galaxies (LMC, SMC, NGC 4214, NGC 4449, M83, M51, Antennae, and NGC 3256). In most cases, we find that a wide range of cutoff mass is permitted ($10^5~M_\odot \lesssim M_* < \infty$). We find a weak detection at $M_* \sim 10^5~M_\odot$ in one case (M51) and strong evidence against this value in two cases. However, when we include realistic errors in cluster masses in our analysis, the constraints on $M_*$ become weaker and there are no significant detections (even for M51). Our data are generally consistent with much larger cutoffs, at $M_*\sim\mbox{few}\times10^6~M_{\odot}$. This is the predicted cutoff from dynamical models in which old globular clusters and young clusters observed today formed by similar physical processes with similar initial mass functions.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
title: 01_2266
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Discovery of the Central Excess Brightness in Hard X-rays in the Cluster of Galaxies Abell 1795
Creators: name: Xu, H.
name: Makishima, K.
name: Fukazawa, Y.
name: Ikebe, Y.
name: Kikuchi, K.
name: Ohashi, T.
name: Tamura, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the X-ray data from \ASCA, spectral and spatial properties of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) of the cD cluster Abell 1795 are studied, up to a radial distance of $\sim 12'$ ($\sim 1.3$ $h_{50}^{-1}$ kpc). The ICM temperature and abundance are spatially rather constant, although the cool emission component is reconfirmed in the central region. The azimuthally- averaged radial X-ray surface brightness profiles are very similar between soft (0.7--3 keV) and hard (3--10 keV) energy bands, and neither can be fitted with a single-$β$ model due to a strong data excess within $\sim5'$ of the cluster center. In contrast, double-$β$ models can successfully reproduce the overall brightness profiles both in the soft and hard energy bands, as well as that derived with the \ROSAT PSPC. Properties of the central excess brightness are very similar over the 0.2--10 keV energy range spanned by \ROSAT and \ASCA. Thus, the excess X-ray emission from the core region of this cluster is confirmed for the first time in hard X-rays above 3 keV. This indicates that the shape of the gravitational potential becomes deeper than the King-type one towards the cluster center. Radial profiles of the total gravitating matter, calculated using the double-$β$ model, reveal an excess mass of $\sim 3 \times 10^{13}~ M_{\odot}$ within $\sim 150 h^{-1}_{50}$ kpc of the cluster center. This suggests a hierarchy in the gravitational potential corresponding to the cD galaxy and the entire cluster.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures; to appear ApJ 500 (June 20, 1998)
Where are the Baryons?
Creators: name: Cen, Renyue
name: Ostriker, Jeremiah P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New, high resolution, large-scale, cosmological hydrodynamic galaxy formation simulations of a standard cold dark matter model (with a cosmological constant) are utilized to predict the distribution of baryons at the present and at moderate redshift. It is found that the average temperature of baryons is an increasing function of time, with most of the baryons at the present time having a temperature in the range 10^{5-7} K. Thus, not only is the universe dominated by dark matter, but more than one half of the normal matter is yet to be detected. Detection of this warm/hot gas poses an observational challenge, requiring sensitive EUV and X-ray satellites. Signatures include a soft, cosmic X-ray background, apparent warm components in hot clusters due to both intrinsic warm intra-cluster gas and warm inter-cluster gas projected onto clusters along the line of sight, absorption lines in X-ray and UV quasar spectra [e.g., O VI (1032,1038)A lines, OVII 574 eV line], strong emission lines (e.g., O VIII 653 eV line) and low redshift, broad, low column density $\lya$ absorption lines. We estimate that approximately 1/4 of the extragalactic soft X-ray background (SXRB) (at 0.7 keV) arises from the warm/hot gas, half of it coming from $z<0.65$ and three-quarters from $z<1.00$, so the source regions should be identifiable on deep optical images.
description: ApJ in press, revised (fig 3 is in jpg). Whole paper including fig3.ps can be obtained at "http://astro.princeton.edu/~cen/PAPERS_TO_APPEAR/64"
Evaluation of immune responses and viral fitness in HIV-1+ individuals displaying different rates of disease progression
Creators: name: Grageda, Nathali
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Despite its great success, antiretroviral therapy (ART) fails to improve HIV-1-specific T-cell responses in treated individuals, although it does restore CMV-specific immunity. Furthermore, co-infection with CMV has been associated with increased risk of non-AIDS-related morbidities. This thesis comprehensively characterises HIV-1- and CMV-specific T-cell responses in HIV-1-infected subjects, in the context of both ART and different progression rates. Proliferative responses to CMV and HIV-1 were evaluated in HIV-1-infected and uninfected healthy controls (HC). ART led to a discordant increase in CMV-specific proliferation relative to that observed for HIV-1. High proliferative responses to both viruses in elite controllers contrasted the low CMV-specific proliferation in HC. Strong induction of the suppressive cytokine IL-10 was observed in response to CMV and HIV-1 Nef, but not to Gag, and this was higher in ART-naïve individuals compared to treated patients. Still, HC exhibited the highest levels of CMV-specific IL-10, pointing to a regulatory role for IL-10 in these responses, possibly explaining the low proliferative responses in HC. Analysis of T-cell activation, differentiation and exhaustion revealed similar frequencies of HIV-1-specific CD8 effector memory (TEM) cells between ART-naïve and treated individuals, but CMV- specific CD8 TEM cells were higher in treated individuals correlating with the increased anti-CMV T-cell function observed. Higher CD8 TEM and lower naïve CD8 T-cell frequencies were significantly associated with disease progression, whilst long-term non-progressors exhibited higher levels of CD8 terminally differentiated (TEMRA) cells. Moreover, CD8 T cells with an HLA-DR+CD38- phenotype were elevated in treated individuals compared to both HC and ART-naϊve patients, and linked with cytotoxic activity in a non-progressor. Detection of replication-competent virus from HIV-1 controllers at different outgrowth rates suggests reduced replicative fitness. Overall, these results detail the complex interplay between CMV and HIV-1 co-infection, the difference between ART-mediated and spontaneous immune control and point to potential targets for immunotherapeutic interventions.
Reminiscences of Wiley A. Branton 1970
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Lawyers
Race discrimination--Law and legislation
School integration--Arkansas

description: Director, Voter Education Project, 1962; Civil Rights Act, 1964 and Voting Rights Act, 1965; discussion of voting restrictions in the South, organizations including National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; Little Rock integration crisis, 1958-59
Cooling flows, central galaxy--cluster alignments, X-ray absorption and dust
Creators: name: Allen, S. W.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Edge, A. C.
name: Bohringer, H.
name: White, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of pointed ROSAT PSPC observations of five of the most luminous, intermediate redshift ($0.1 < z < 0.15$) clusters of galaxies detected in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. The PSPC data are combined with optical CCD images and spectra to examine the relationship between clusters and their central cluster galaxies (CCGs). Abell 1068, Abell 1361 and Abell 1664 contain three of the most optically line-luminous CCGs known. The PSPC X-ray data show that these galaxies lie at the centres of massive (200 -- 400 solar masses per year) cooling flows. The alignment between CCGs and their host clusters has been investigated. For those clusters with cooling flows, the position angles of the X-ray emission from the clusters and the optical emission from the CCGs agrees within 5 degrees. For the one probable non-cooling flow cluster in the sample, Abell 2208, the alignment is significantly poorer. We examine the evidence for intrinsic X-ray absorption in the clusters. The X-ray spectra for Abell 1068 and Abell 1664 show that the cooling flows in these clusters are intrinsically absorbed by equivalent hydrogen column densities $\geq 10^{21} atom cm$^{-2}$. The optical spectra of the CCGs in these clusters exhibit substantial intrinsic reddening, at levels consistent with the X-ray absorption results if standard dust to gas ratios are assumed.
description: MNRAS accepted. 15 pages compressed, uuencoded postscript including figures and tables.
The effects of latent heat release on the climate of an aquaplanet model
Creators: name: Geen, Ruth
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: As the atmosphere warms under climate change, it will hold more moisture. Latent heat released as water vapour condenses provides an important contribution to the atmospheric heat budget, affecting stability and providing complex feedbacks. Consequently, theories for the general circulation of the atmosphere proposed based on dry dynamics may not apply in moist simulations. In order to understand the possible changes to the Earth's atmospheric circulation as the climate warms, a deeper understanding of these feedbacks is required. Changes to the atmospheric thermal structure and circulation as humidity is increased have been explored in an intermediate complexity general circulation model. To provide a reference climate more comparable with that of previous studies, and of the real world, a simple parameterisation of shortwave and longwave radiative transfer has been developed, which compares favourably with existing simple radiation schemes. Experiments have then been performed with fixed optical depths in which the moisture content of the model is varied. In the zonal mean, increasing moisture content results in an increase in static stability throughout the atmosphere. Consequent changes to the Hadley cell, zonal jets, and storm track have been analysed using simple theories, and by comparison with an experiment in which the sea surface temperature in the tropics is increased. This reveals that the majority of the effects of increased moisture content on the circulation are generated by low latitude warming. The simulations further reveal stronger midlatitude poleward transport of moist static energy as saturation vapour pressure is increased, and an unexpected increase in sensible heat transport in the cold sector of storms. A mechanism for the latter is proposed related to the environmental static stability against which the system develops. The experiments also suggest changes to the rate of conversion of available potential energy to eddy kinetic energy as moisture content increases.
Understanding the nature of mantle upwelling beneath East Africa
Creators: name: Civiero, Chiara
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Over the last decade several theories have been used to explain hotspot phenomena occurring at Earth’s surface. The most prominent is that of hot upwelling material, so called mantle plumes. To date, our understanding of these structures is limited due to seismic images of the deep upper mantle/lower mantle lacking the resolution to image these features. One of the best locations to address this is the northern East African Rift (EAR), the location of the Afar hotspot, where, due to its presence on land, many broadband seismometers have been deployed over the last 20 years. Despite this, numerous models exist about the nature of mantle upwelling beneath this region. This study uses these data to provide P- and S/SKS-wave velocity models of the structure below EAR extending from the surface to the top of the lower mantle of a higher resolution than have been available to date. Both our P- and S-wave images provide evidence of two clusters of low-velocity structures with diameter of 100-200 km that extend through the transition zone, the first beneath Afar and a second just west of the Main Ethiopian Rift. Considering seismic sensitivity to temperature, we interpret these features as predominantly thermal upwellings with excess temperatures of 100±50K. Dynamic models for realistic Earth parameters can match the geometry and spacing of these features and synthetic tests of these numerical models, accounting for resolution of the tomographic models show that the likely source of these upwellings is from a thermal boundary layer at the top of the lower mantle. Finally, our tests show that due to resolution issues tomographically imaged structures from small-scale upper-mantle plumes may look substantially more complex than the simple vertical cylinders that are often anticipated and that tomographic studies of other hotspot regions should be reanalysed with this in mind.
A NEW METHOD OF STUDYING GALAXY VELOCITY FIELD: FIRST RESULTS
Creators: name: Choloniewski, Jacek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the average magnitude - redshift diagram for a magnitude-limited sample of galaxies can be effectively used for mapping galaxy velocity field. This new approach is quantitatively introduced and applied to the CfA, ESO/LV and ZCAT samples of galaxies. Strong arguments are presented for infall velocities in the Virgo and Fornax superclusters and in the Great Wall structure.
description: MNRAS submitted, 11 pages, uuencoded compressed Postscript file, including 7 figures. Postscript also available at anonymous ftp://sirius.astrouw.edu.pl/pub/submit/jch/p1.ps.Z
Counterparty credit risk under credit risk contagion using time-homogeneous phase-type distribution
Creators: name: Nowicki, Pierre
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: With the current situation of credit spread contagion illustrated by the European sovereign bonds crisis and the chain reaction triggered by the derivatives books of Lehman Brothers, financial institutions have increasingly focused on pricing and risk management of counterparty credit risk. Recent credit contagion through financial contingent claims highlight the fact that contagion links impact the value of products when investors are exposed to counterparty risk. This thesis plan to build on reduced-form credit risk models to assess the credit risk contagion that is inherent in a obligor multivariate framework. The aim is to evaluate the requirements that are necessary in generating a mathematical framework consistent with the valuation of financial claims, credit and non-credit related, where the parties of those claims exhibit credit risk contagion. By applying a multivariate framework of credit contagion to counterparty credit risk based on a queueing theory, called phase-type distribution, we hope to highlight the benefit of bottom-up models versus top-down ones in terms of extracting information relative to dependence within an identi able obligor set. We will review the mathematical literature in addressing credit dependence modelling in dynamic and static format. This will be the opportunity to value a set of claims under our model to show that claims that contain "credit leverage" are particularly sensible to credit risk contagion and could benefit from our developed framework to gain adequate counterparty credit risk pricing.
Reminiscences of Wilbur J. Cohen, 1976
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Government executives--United States
Social security--United States

description: Eisenhower and the Compton Universal Military Training Commission; demotion under Eisenhower administration to Director of Division of Research and Statistics of Social Security Administration, 1953-1955; relations with Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare Oveta Culp Hobby, Under Secretary Nelson A. Rockefeller, and Congressman Carl Curtis
Gut microbial metabolome: regulation of host metabolism by SCFAs
Creators: name: Abdul Rahim, Mohd Badrin Hanizam Bin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: There is increasing evidence demonstrating a determinant role of gut microbiota in host health, and one underlying mechanism is via gut-microbial metabolites-host interaction in modulating host’s cellular functions. SCFAs, main fermentation products of dietary fibres by gut microbiota in GI tract, are considered to be generally beneficial to the host. It has been shown that SCFAs act as substrates for energy metabolism, receptor agonists, and as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. However, there are still gaps in the knowledge of their biological effects. It has been hypothesised that SCFAs may act as substrate for energy metabolism as well as ligand for several GPCRs, thus play roles in many cellular functions. Combining 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with multivariate statistical analysis of the effect of SCFAs on the hepatic cancer metabolic network identified a metabolic signature associated dose- and time- related SCFA exposure. TCA cycle intermediate, α-keto-β-methylvalerate was strongly correlated with the treatment of SCFAs suggesting the preferential of the cells to SCFAs for energy production. This signature further confirms that SCFAs play direct role in host energy metabolism. Having implemented a harmonised pharmacological assessment of a comprehensive SCFA panel on FFAR2, FFAR3, and GPR109A, this study is the first to reveal that isobutyrate and isovalerate are novel partial agonists for GPR109A. Furthermore, niacin, a classical agonist for GPR109A also has been shown to activate FFAR2 and FFAR3 but with much lower affinity. In another study, the effect of SCFAs on 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and adipocytes lipolysis has been characterised. Dosing the 3T3-L1 cells with isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate significantly induce the adipogenesis of the cells. In contrast, other SCFAs have no effect of the 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. Subsequent study focused on the effect of SCFAs on basal adipocyte lipolysis. Mature adipocytes were treated with 100 µM of SCFAs for 3hr and glycerol release was measured. This study revealed the anti-lipolytic property of propionate, butyrate, and valerate by significantly inhibits lipolysis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus, the role of SCFAs in regulating adipocytes functions may be particular important and beneficial in regulating plasma lipid profile and possibly aspects of metabolic syndrome. Together, these data enhance our understanding on the role of SCFAs on important metabolic tissues, which are hepatocyte and adipocyte.
Reminiscences of Wilbur Joseph Cohen, 1974
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Government executives--United States
Social security--United States
Medicare
Social security--Law and legislation

description: Work with Edwin Witte and President's Committee on Economic Security, 1934; drafting Truman health message, 1945; Hill-Burton Act, 1946; studies undertaken as Research Director, Universal Military Training Commission; roles with Commission on Social Security; Professor, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1956-61; passage of 1965 Medicare bill; Assistant Secretary, Health, Education, and Welfare, 1961-68; Secretary, Health, Education, and Welfare, 1968-69; observations of United States politics, 1930s-70s; impressions of Samuel Rosenman, Theodore Sorenson, Arthur Altmeyer, Lyndon B. Johnson
Rotala verticillaris Linnaeus 1771
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Myrtales
Lythraceae
Rotala
Rotala verticillaris

description: Rotala verticillaris Linnaeus, Mantissa Plantarum Altera: 175. 1771.
"Habitat in India orientali." RCN: 278.
Lectotype (Cook in Boissiera 29): 23. 1979): Herb. Linn. No. 52.1 (LINN).
Generitype of Rotala Linnaeus.
Current name: Rotala verticillaris L. (Lythraceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part R), pp. 785-805 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 800, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Additional file 1 of SCR-6852, an oral and highly brain-penetrating estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), effectively shrinks tumors both in intracranial and subcutaneous ER + breast cancer models
Creators: name: Zhou, Feng
name: Yang, Guimei
name: Xue, Liting
name: Liu, Yajing
name: Guo, Yao
name: Zhu, Ji
name: Yuan, Linlin
name: Gu, Peng
name: Tang, Feng
name: Shan, Jinwen
name: Tang, Renhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supporting docking figures and pharmacological data in vitro and in vivo.
Characterisation and modelling of natural fracture networks: geometry, geomechanics and fluid flow
Creators: name: Lei, Qinghua
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Natural fractures are ubiquitous in crustal rocks and often dominate the bulk properties of geological formations. The development of numerical tools to model the geometry, geomechanics and fluid flow behaviour of natural fracture networks is a challenging issue which is relevant to many rock engineering applications. The thesis first presents a study of the statistics and tectonism of a multiscale fracture system in limestone, from which the complexity of natural fractures is illustrated with respect to hierarchical topologies and underlying mechanisms. To simulate the geomechanical behaviour of rock masses embedded with natural fractures, the finite-discrete element method (FEMDEM) is integrated with a joint constitutive model (JCM) to solve the solid mechanics problems of such intricate discontinuity systems explicitly represented by discrete fracture network (DFN) models. This computational formulation can calculate the stress/strain fields of the rock matrix, capture the mechanical interactions of discrete rock blocks, characterise the non-linear deformation of rough fractures and mimic the propagation of new cracks driven by stress concentrations. The developed simulation tool is used to derive the aperture distribution of various fracture networks under different geomechanical conditions, based on which the stress-dependent fluid flow is further analysed. A novel upscaling approach to fracture network models is developed to evaluate the scaling of the equivalent permeability of fractured rocks under in-situ stresses. The combined JCM-FEMDEM model is further applied to simulate the progressive rock mass failure around an underground excavation in a crystalline rock with pre-existing discontinuities. The scope of this thesis covers the scenarios of both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) fracture networks with pre-existing natural fractures and stress-induced new cracks. The research findings demonstrate the importance of integrating explicit DFN representations and conducting geomechanical computations for more meaningful assessments of the hydromechanical behaviour of naturally fractured rocks.
Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Propagation in the Local Supercluster
Creators: name: Sigl, Guenter
name: Lemoine, Martin
name: Biermann, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present detailed numerical simulations and analytical approximations of the propagation of nucleons above 10**(19) eV in the Local Supercluster, assuming that the ambient magnetic field is turbulent, and its strength 0.01 < B_rms < 1 micro-Gauss. In such strong magnetic fields, protons in the low energy part of the spectrum, 10**(19) eV < E < E_C diffuse, while the higher energy particles, with E > E_C propagate along nearly straight lines. The magnitude of the transition energy E_C depends mainly on the strength of the magnetic field, the coherence length, and the distance to the source; for B_rms=0.1 micro-Gauss, a largest eddy of length 10 Mpc, and a distance to the source of 10 Mpc, E_C=100 EeV. Our numerical treatment substantially improves on previous analytical approximations, as it allows to treat carefully the transition between the two propagation regimes, as well as the effects due to inhomogeneities expected on scales of a few Mpc. We show that a turbulent magnetic field B_rms=0.1 micro-Gauss, close to equipartition, would allow to reproduce exactly the observed spectrum of ultra high energy cosmic rays, up to the highest energy observed, for a distance to the source below 10 Mpc, for the geometry of the Local Supercluster, i.e. a sheet of thickness 10 Mpc. Diffusion, in this case, allows to reproduce the high flux beyond the Greisen Zatsepin Kuzmin cut-off, with a soft injection spectrum proportional to E**(-2.4). Moreover, the large deflection angles at the highest energies observed, typically 10 degrees for the above values, would explain why no close-by astrophysical counterpart could be associated with these events.
description: 17 latex pages (tightened format), 9 updated postscript figures, uses revtex.sty and epsf.sty, extended discussion of numerical results, to appear in Astroparticle Physics
Reminiscences of Wiley T. Buchanan 1972
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Diplomats--United States
Diplomacy
Diplomatic etiquette

description: Minister to Luxembourg, 1953-1955; Chief of Protocol, 1957-61: reminiscences of foreign visitors to the White House, Khrushchev's visit to United States
Evidence for Steep Luminosity Functions in Clusters of Galaxies
Creators: name: De Propris, R.
name: Pritchet, C. J.
name: Harris, W. E.
name: McClure, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminosity Functions have been obtained for very faint dwarf galaxies in the cores of four rich clusters of galaxies (Abell 2052, 2107, 2199 and 2666). It is found that the luminosity function of dwarf galaxies rises very steeply in these clusters, with a power-law slope of α-2.2 (down to absolute limiting magnitudes M_I = -13 and M_B = -11 for H_0 = 75 km/s/Mpc). A steepening of the luminosity function at faint magnitudes may in fact be a common feature of both cluster and field populations. Such a result may explain the observed excess counts of faint, intermediate redshift galaxies in the Universe, without resorting to more exotic phenomena. An alternate explanation is that star formation in dwarf galaxies is less affected by gas loss in the richest clusters, because of the dense, hot intracluster medium found in such environments.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures (attached). Uuencoded compressed Postscript tarfile. Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal.
title: Εισαγωγή στη μορφολογική ανάλυση της τονικής μουσικής
title: ΜΠΑΡΟΚ, ΚΛΑΣΙΚΙΣΜΟΣ
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Vouvaris, Petros
Publisher: name: Kallipos, Open Academic Editions
Year: 2016
Subjects: ΔΟΜΗ
ΜΟΡΦΟΛΟΓΙΑ
ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ
ΤΟΝΙΚΗ ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗ
ΜΠΑΡΟΚ
ΚΛΑΣΙΚΙΣΜΟΣ
Structure
Form
Analysis
Tonal Music
Baroque
Classicism

description: Το παρόν σύγγραμμα απευθύνεται σε φοιτητές προπτυχιακού ή/και μεταπτυχιακού επιπέδου που διδάσκονται θέματα μορφολογίας της τονικής μουσικής, καθώς και σε επαγγελματίες μουσικούς ή καθηγητές μουσικής που ενδιαφέρονται να εμβαθύνουν στο σχετικό θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο και στην αντίστοιχη αναλυτική μεθοδολογία. Το βιβλίο περιέχει το απαραίτητο υλικό για την κατανόηση θεμελιωδών μουσικοθεωρητικών εννοιών και αναλυτικών πρακτικών που σχετίζονται με ιδιωματικές μορφολογικές δομές της μουσικής του μπαρόκ και του κλασικισμού. Το υλικό αυτό αφορά τη θεωρητική διαχείριση της ιστορικά συναφούς μορφολογικής τυπολογίας και την παραδειγματική αναλυτική προσέγγιση μουσικών συνθέσεων που εμπίπτουν στον στιλιστικό ορίζοντα της έντεχνης ευρωπαϊκής μουσικής από τα τέλη του 17ου έως τις πρώτες δεκαετίες του 19ου αιώνα.
MOESM2 of Development of a strictly regulated xylose-induced expression system in Streptomyces
Creators: name: Noguchi, Yuji
name: Kashiwagi, Norimasa
name: Uzura, Atsuko
name: Ogino, Chiaki
name: Kondo, Akihiko
name: Ikeda, Haruo
name: Sota, Masahiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. SDS-PAGE gels of S. avermitilis protein expression profiles for (A) cell extracts and (B) culture supernatants: 1.0% 1. Glycerol, 2. D-glucose, 3. D-xylose, 4. D-galactose, 5. D-fructose, and 6. no sugar. M: molecular weight marker. Arrows indicate Xylose isomerase (XylA) protein.
Magnetic fields in the Galactic halo restrict fountain-driven recycling and accretion
Creators: name: Grønnow, Asger
name: Tepper-García, Thor
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic halo contains a complex ecosystem of multiphase intermediate-velocity and high-velocity gas clouds whose origin has defied clear explanation. They are generally believed to be involved in a Galaxy-wide recycling process, either through an accretion flow or a large-scale fountain flow, or both. We examine the evolution of these clouds in light of recent claims that they may trigger condensation of gas from the Galactic corona as they move through it. We measure condensation along a cloud's wake, with and without the presence of an ambient magnetic field, using two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D), high-resolution simulations. We find that 3D simulations are essential to correctly capture the condensation in all cases. Magnetic fields significantly inhibit condensation in the wake of clouds at $t \gtrsim 25$ Myr, preventing the sharp upturn in cold gas mass seen in previous non-magnetic studies. The magnetic field suppresses the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability responsible for the ablation and consequent mixing of a cloud with halo gas which drives the condensation. This effect is universal across different cloud properties (density, metallicity, velocity) and magnetic field properties (strength and orientation). Simple convergence tests demonstrate that resolving the gas on progressively smaller scales leads to even less condensation. While condensation still occurs in all cases, our results show that an ambient magnetic field drastically lowers the efficiency of fountain-driven accretion and likely also accretion from condensation around high-velocity clouds. These lower specific accretion rates are in better agreement with observational constraints compared to 3D, non-magnetic simulations.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Methanol Masers as Tracers of Circumstellar Disks
Creators: name: Norris, R. P.
name: Byleveld, S. E.
name: Diamond, P. J.
name: Ellingsen, S. P.
name: Ferris, R. H.
name: Gough, R. G.
name: Kesteven, M. J.
name: McCulloch, P. M.
name: Phillips, C. J.
name: Reynolds, J. E.
name: Tzioumis, A. K.
name: Takahashi, Y.
name: Troup, E. R.
name: Wellington, K. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in many methanol maser sources the masers are located in lines, with a velocity gradient along them which suggests that the masers are situated in edge-on circumstellar, or protoplanetary, disks. We present VLBI observations of the methanol maser source G309.92+0.48, in the 12.2 GHz transition, which confirm previous observations that the masers in this source lie along a line. We show that such sources are not only linear in space but, in many cases, also have a linear velocity gradient. We then model these and other data in both the 6.7 GHz and the 12.2 GHz transition from a number of star formation regions, and show that the observed spatial and velocity distribution of methanol masers, and the derived Keplerian masses, are consistent with a circumstellar disk rotating around an OB star. We consider this and other hypotheses, and conclude that about half of these methanol masers are probably located in edge-on circumstellar disks around young stars. This is of particular significance for studies of circumstellar disks because of the detailed velocity information available from the masers.
description: 38 pages, 13 figures accepted by ApJ
Complementary-multiphase quantum search for all numbers of target items
Creators: name: Li, Tan
name: Bao, Wan-Su
name: Huang, He-Liang
name: Li, Feng-Guang
name: Fu, Xiang-Qun
name: Zhang, Shuo
name: Guo, Chu
name: Du, Yu-Tao
name: Wang, Xiang
name: Lin, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Grover's algorithm achieves a quadratic speedup over classical algorithms, but it is considered necessary to know the value of $λ$ exactly [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 150501 (2005); Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 210501 (2014)], where $λ$ is the fraction of target items in the database. In this paper, we find out that the Grover algorithm can actually apply to the case where one can identify the range that $λ$ belongs to from a given series of disjoint ranges. However, Grover's algorithm still cannot maintain high success probability when there exist multiple target items. For this problem, we proposed a complementary-multiphase quantum search algorithm, %with general iterations, in which multiple phases complement each other so that the overall high success probability can be maintained. Compared to the existing algorithms, in the case defined above, for the first time our algorithm achieves the following three goals simultaneously: (1) the success probability can be no less than any given value between 0 and 1, (2) the algorithm is applicable to the entire range of $λ$, and (3) the number of iterations is almost the same as that of Grover's algorithm. Especially compared to the optimal fixed-point algorithm [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 210501 (2014)], our algorithm uses fewer iterations to achieve success probability greater than 82.71\%, e.g., when the minimum success probability is required to be 99.25\%, the number of iterations can be reduced by 50\%.
description: Editorially approved for publication in Physical Review A. 12 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Comments are warmly welcome!
Can Parity Violation in Neutrino Transport Lead to Pulsar Kicks?
Creators: name: Arras, Phil
name: Lai, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In magnetized proto-neutron stars, neutrino cross sections depend asymmetrically on the neutrino momenta due to parity violation. However, these asymmetric opacities do not induce any asymmetric flux in the bulk interior of the star where neutrinos are nearly in thermal equilibrium. Consequently, parity violation in neutrino absorption and scattering can only give rise to asymmetric neutrino flux above the neutrino-matter decoupling layer. The kick velocity is substantially reduced from previous estimates, requiring a dipole field $B \sim 10^{16}$~G to get $v_{kick}$ of order a few hundred km~s$^{-1}$.
description: REVTEX, 4 pages, no figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Letters
Royena glabra Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Ericales
Ebenaceae
Royena
Royena glabra

description: Royena glabra, spec. nov.
 2. Royena foliis lanceolatis glabris. Roy. prodr. 441.
 Royena foliis lanceolatis. Hort. cliff. 149.
 Vitis idaea aethiopica, buxi minoris folio, floribus albis. Comm. hort.1. p.125. t.65.
 Vitis idaea aethiopica, myrti foliis, flosculis dependentibus. Pluk. alm. 391. t.321. f.4.
 Habitat ad Cap. b. Spei . ♄
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 397, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Reminiscences of Will Barnet, 1976
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Art teachers
Artists
Art, American--20th century
Art schools--United States
Art and industry
Art, American
Commercial art
Artists as teachers

description: Family background, childhood interest in art; Boston Museum Art School; relationship of fine and commercial art; official printer, instructor, Art Students League; Depression; Artist-in-Residence, Virginia; opinions on: gallery vs. museum shows, critics, dealers, graphic arts, tradition, art education, composition materials, spiritual qualities, trends; teaching experiences, Famous Artists School; portrait painting
Diospyros glabra De Winter 1961
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Ericales
Ebenaceae
Diospyros
Diospyros glabra

description: Royena glabra Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 397. 1753.
"Habitat ad Cap. b. Spei." RCN: 3130.
Type not designated.
Original material: Herb. A. van Royen No. 941.6-396 [icon] (L); Herb. Clifford: 149, Royena 2 (BM); [icon] in Commelin, Hort. Med. Amstelod. Pl. Rar. 1: 125, t. 65. 1697; [icon] in Plukenet, Phytographia: t. 321, f. 4. 1694; Almag. Bot.: 391. 1696.
Current name: Diospyros glabra (L.) De Winter (Ebenaceae).
Note: De Winter (in Dyer et al., Fl. Southern Africa 26: 63. 1963) indicated 570.3 (LINN) as lectotype, but this collection lacks the relevant Species Plantarum number (i.e. “2”) and was a post-1753 addition to the herbarium, and is not original material for the name. This was noted by Wijnands (Bot. Commelins: 94. 1983), who also suggested that there was a good specimen in the Clifford herbarium, but did not designate it as the type.
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part R), pp. 785-805 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 800, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Additional file 1: of Methods for conducting a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of three days versus five days of amoxicillin dispersible tablets for chest indrawing childhood pneumonia among children two to 59Â months of age in Lilongwe, Malawi: a study protocol
Creators: name: Ginsburg, Amy
name: May, Susanne
name: Evangelyn Nkwopara
name: Ambler, Gwen
name: McCollum, Eric
name: Tisungane Mvalo
name: Ajib Phiri
name: Lufesi, Norman
name: Sadruddin, Salim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Appendix 3. Case report forms. (PDF 518 kb)
Ancilla-assisted measurement of quantum work
Creators: name: De Chiara, Gabriele
name: Solinas, Paolo
name: Cerisola, Federico
name: Roncaglia, Augusto J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the use of an external auxiliary detector for measuring the full distribution of the work performed on or extracted from a quantum system during a unitary thermodynamic process. We first illustrate two paradigmatic schemes that allow one to measure the work distribution: a Ramsey technique to measure the characteristic function and a positive operator valued measure (POVM) scheme to directly measure the work probability distribution. Then, we show that these two ideas can be understood in a unified framework for assessing work fluctuations through a generic quantum detector and describe two protocols that are able to yield complementary information. This allows us also to highlight how quantum work is affected by the presence of coherences in the system's initial state. Finally, we describe physical implementations and experimental realisations of the first two schemes.
description: Published version. As a chapter of: F. Binder, L. A. Correa, C. Gogolin, J. Anders, and G. Adesso (eds.), "Thermodynamics in the quantum regime - Recent Progress and Outlook", (Springer International Publishing)
Reminiscences of William Adams Delano, 1950
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Architects
Architecture--History--20th century.--United States
Public buildings
Architecture--Study and teaching
Airports--New York (State)

description: Education at Yale and Columbia School of Architecture; early practical work; study abroad; notable buildings and clients; Washington experiences; Board of Design for New York World's Fair, 1936; LaGuardia and Idlewild airports; West Point; charitable work