cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Second Best Theory of a Fiscal Federal System
Creators: name: Sato, Motohiro
name: Sato, Motohiro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: tax externality
subject: equalization of MCPFs
subject: matching grants
subject: optimal fiscal gap

description: This paper investigates properties of the second best allocation in a scal federal system in which both federal tax and intergovernmental grants are involved and the taxation is distortionary We extend the analysis of Boadway and Keen and Dahlby and Wilson by introducing both imperfect mobility and heterogeneous regions In contrast to the outcomes in the existing works we nd i the second best does not require the equalization of the conventional MCPFs between regions ii in order to replicate the second best matching grants based on either the local tax rates or tax revenues should be introduced to internalize the tax externality and iii federal tax policy is redundant once the intergovernmental grants are optimized The irrelevancy of the federal tax implies that optimal scal gap is indeterminate Therefore it will be argued that the standard framework of scal federal model in the literature does not provide a rationale for either decentralization or centralization of the tax system once the federal government is allowed to use sucient instruments of inter regional transfers
On the origin of H2CO abundance enhancements in low-mass protostars
Creators: name: Schoeier, F. L.
name: Jorgensen, J. K.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
name: Blake, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High angular resolution H2CO 218 GHz line observations have been carried out toward the low-mass protostars IRAS 16293-2422 and L1448-C using the Owens Valley Millimeter Array at ~2" resolution. Simultaneous 1.37 mm continuum data reveal extended emission which is compared with that predicted by model envelopes constrained from single-dish data. For L1448-C the model density structure works well down to the 400 AU scale to which the interferometer is sensitive. For IRAS 16293-2422, a known proto-binary object, the interferometer observations indicate that the binary has cleared much of the material in the inner part of the envelope, out to the binary separation of ~800 AU. The morphology and velocity structure of the H2CO array data have been used to investigate whether the abundance enhancements inferred from single-dish modelling are due to thermal evaporation of ices or due to liberation of the ice mantles by shocks in the inner envelope. A scenario in which the H2CO abundance drops in the cold dense part of the envelope where CO is frozen out but is undepleted in the outermost region provides good fits to the single-dish and interferometer data on short baselines for both sources. Emission on the longer baselines is best reproduced if the H2CO abundance is increased by about an order of magnitude from ~1E-10 to ~1E-9 in the inner parts of the envelope due to thermal evaporation when the temperature exceeds ~50K. Other scenarios, including weak outflow-envelope interactions and photon heating of the envelope, are discussed and predictions for future generation interferometers are presented, illustrating their potential in distinguishing these competing scenarios.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 18 pages, 18 figures
Bootstrap Testing in Nonlinear Models
Creators: name: Davidson, Russell
name: MacKinnon, James G.
name: Davidson, Russell
name: MacKinnon, James G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Farm Management

description: When a model is nonlinear bootstrap testing can be expensive because of the need to perform at least one nonlinear estimation for every bootstrap sample We show that it may be possible to reduce computational costs by performing only a xed small number of articial regressions or Newton steps for each bootstrap sample The number of iterations needed is smaller for likelihood ratio tests than for other types of classical tests The suggested procedures are applied to tests of slope coe cients in the tobit model where asymptotic procedures often work surprisingly poorly In contrast bootstrap tests work remarkably well and very few iterations are needed to compute them
Stochastic dynamics and the dynamic phase transition in thin ferromagnetic films
Creators: name: Jang, Hyunbum
name: Grimson, Malcolm J.
name: Woolf, Thomas B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamic phase behavior of a classical Heisenberg spin system with a bilinear exchange anisotropy in a planar thin film geometry has been investigated by Monte Carlo simulations using different forms for the stochastic dynamics. In simulations of the dynamic phase transition (DPT) in films subject to a pulsed oscillatory external field with competing surface fields, both Glauber and Metropolis dynamics show a continuous DPT. Furthermore the field amplitude dependence of the DPT is qualitatively similar for both Glauber and Metropolis dynamics. However, the temperature dependence of the DPT is markedly different with the DPT being much sharper for Glauber dynamics. The difference arises from a decoupling of the surface and bulk responses of the film near the dynamic phase transition with Metropolis dynamics that is not evident for Glauber dynamics.
description: Six pages in PDF format
Islam and modern international relations: The contribution and influence of Shia
Creators: name: Mafi, Rezagholi Nezam
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The Islamic Republic of Iran has remained a puzzle in the West. Highly ideological, yet non-Western, the Republic has made a full-scale challenge to the international order. This challenge has been shaped by its Shia Islamic ideology. This dissertation considers the potential of this challenge and whether it is likely to bring about a new agenda on the international scene. Islam has its own ideology, which is more like a way of life. Shiism subscribes to Islamic ideology, yet has some unique characteristics that make it politically both militant and efficient. This dissertation is an attempt to provide a foundation for international relations as conceptualized through Shiism. It tries to present a perspective of the origin, process, and modes of thinking regarding international relations in Shiism. The Islamic tradition is explored. In this tradition sources and philosophical determinants of this conceptualization are identified. From an Islamic point of view, the divinity of the source, the existence of religiously binding rules and regulations based on a divine model, the inseparability of ethics and politics, and the relevance of theory and practice in this tradition help Islam to survive and to pursue its moral goals. These elements are, therefore, the most vital of the sources of the Shia conceptualization. Islam holds that there are some absolute truths that should be followed in one's belief and action. It has, thus, designated some permanent institutions to administer those human needs associated with its view of man's primordial nature. According to Shia belief, the only way to continue human efficiency and thus keep people's unity and faith is to constantly mold new sociopolitical realities. This belief, which is crystallized in the doctrine of Ejtehad, has enabled the institution of Shia to show the dynamism of Islam in a secular era. In this context of concepts basic to Shia, the dissertation proceeds to examine how international relations is conceived from this intellectual orientation.
A Sequential Game Model of Sports Championship Series: Theory and Estimation
Creators: name: Ferrall, Christopher
name: Smith, Anthony A.
name: Ferrall, Christopher
name: Smith, Anthony A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: Using data from the championship series in three professional sports basketball baseball and hockey we estimate the parameters of a sequential game model for the best of n games championship series The unique subgame perfect equilibrium determines performance levels based on exogenous home eld advantage and abilities of the two players teams The model provides a robust computational framework for studying strategic incentives in any sports based on identical stages for example single elimination tournaments and individual tennis matches We control for measured and unobserved di erences in team strength and we improve the small sample properties of our estimates using a bootstrap on the maximum likelihood estimates We nd negligible strategic e ects in all three sports teams in each sport play as well as possible in each game regardless of the games importance in the series We also estimate negligible unobserved heterogeneity after controlling for regular season records and past appearance in the championship series teams are estimated to be exactly as strong as they appear on paper
The VMC survey -- XXXVI. Young stellar variability in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Zivkov, Viktor
name: Oliveira, Joana M.
name: Petr-Gotzens, Monika G.
name: Rubele, Stefano
name: Cioni, Maria-Rosa L.
name: van Loon, Jacco Th.
name: de Grijs, Richard
name: Emerson, Jim
name: Ivanov, Valentin D.
name: Marconi, Marcella
name: Moretti, Maria Ida
name: Ripepi, Vincenzo
name: Niederhofer, Florian
name: Sun, Ning-Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies of young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Galaxy have found that a significant fraction exhibit photometric variability. However, no systematic investigation has been conducted on the variability of extragalactic YSOs. Here we present the first variability study of massive YSOs in a $\sim 1.5\,\mathrm{deg^2}$ region of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The aim is to investigate whether the different environmental conditions in the metal-poor LMC ($\sim$ 0.4-0.5 Z_sun) have an impact on the variability characteristics. Multi-epoch near-infrared (NIR) photometry was obtained from the VISTA Survey of the Magellanic Clouds (VMC) and our own monitoring campaign using the VISTA telescope. By applying a reduced $χ^2$-analysis, stellar variability was identified. We found 3062 candidate variable stars from a population of 362 425 stars detected. Based on several Spitzer studies, we compiled a sample of high-reliability massive YSOs: a total of 173 massive YSOs have NIR counterparts ($K_{\mathrm{s}}\sim 18.5\,$mag) in the VMC catalogue, of which 39 display significant ($>3σ$) variability. They have been classified as eruptive, fader, dipper, short-term variable and long-period variable YSOs based mostly on the appearance of their $K_{\mathrm{s}}$ band light curves. The majority of YSOs are aperiodic, only five YSOs exhibit periodic lightcurves. The observed amplitudes are comparable or smaller than those for Galactic YSOs (only two Magellanic YSOs exhibit $ΔK_{\mathrm{s}}>1\,$mag), not what would have been expected from the typically larger mass accretion rates observed in the Magellanic Clouds.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 32 pages, 24 figures
Islam and modern international relations: The contribution and influence of Shia
Creators: name: Mafi, Rezagholi Nezam
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The Islamic Republic of Iran has remained a puzzle in the West. Highly ideological, yet non-Western, the Republic has made a full-scale challenge to the international order. This challenge has been shaped by its Shia Islamic ideology. This dissertation considers the potential of this challenge and whether it is likely to bring about a new agenda on the international scene. Islam has its own ideology, which is more like a way of life. Shiism subscribes to Islamic ideology, yet has some unique characteristics that make it politically both militant and efficient. This dissertation is an attempt to provide a foundation for international relations as conceptualized through Shiism. It tries to present a perspective of the origin, process, and modes of thinking regarding international relations in Shiism. The Islamic tradition is explored. In this tradition sources and philosophical determinants of this conceptualization are identified. From an Islamic point of view, the divinity of the source, the existence of religiously binding rules and regulations based on a divine model, the inseparability of ethics and politics, and the relevance of theory and practice in this tradition help Islam to survive and to pursue its moral goals. These elements are, therefore, the most vital of the sources of the Shia conceptualization. Islam holds that there are some absolute truths that should be followed in one's belief and action. It has, thus, designated some permanent institutions to administer those human needs associated with its view of man's primordial nature. According to Shia belief, the only way to continue human efficiency and thus keep people's unity and faith is to constantly mold new sociopolitical realities. This belief, which is crystallized in the doctrine of Ejtehad, has enabled the institution of Shia to show the dynamism of Islam in a secular era. In this context of concepts basic to Shia, the dissertation proceeds to examine how international relations is conceived from this intellectual orientation.
The Buddhist Sangha: Paradigm of the ideal human society
Creators: name: Putuwar, Sunanda
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study endeavors to show the Buddhist Sangha as a model of an ideal society, applying ethics to its politics. The moral and philosophical teachings of the Buddha provide historical evidence to support such an effort. A moral philosophy articulates the legitimate criteria of a moral standard. Its focus is on the sphere of ethical, social and political thought in Buddhist scriptures. This philosophy concentrates upon practical and altruistic values rather than abstract dialectical interests. The important issue of inequality amongst human beings is discussed here. The purpose of ethical practice is to engender order and peace on earth. This practice helps to formulate the concept of an ideal society in which there would be no inequality. The Buddha himself formulated a religio-political constitution which is still valid and adaptable to the constitutions of the world. His moral philosophy transcends the boundary of a class or caste system and views all human beings as equal from the same moral basis, regardless of this status. Greed, hatred and delusion are regarded as the causes of all evil in the world. The primary governmental aspects within the Sangha, conflict and its resolution, are discussed in light of ethical principles. The Buddha's democratic principles show the necessity of decentralization of power for a viable society. Ethics is imperative in a political or governmental regime, according to Buddhism. The Sangha, governed by advanced discipline, represents an ideal society in the democratic manner. Vinaya acts as the constitutional law, connecting the Sangha with the laity. By adhering to the vinaya rules the Sangha is systematic and democratic in determining and administering its affairs. All disciplinary rules are intended to organize the behavior of the Sangha members. The distribution of products, power and positions is similarly systematized by the vinaya rules. By pointing to its democratic nature, its emphasis on moral administration and understanding, and its harmonious interaction with kings and general public alike, this work proves the Sangha to be a unique model for an ideal society.
Dynamics of radiation due to vacuum nonlinearities
Creators: name: Marklund, Mattias
name: Brodin, Gert
name: Stenflo, Lennart
name: Shukla, Padma K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum electrodynamics, photon-photon scattering can be the result of the exchange of virtual electron-positron pairs. This gives rise to a non-trivial dispersion relation for a single photon moving on a background of electromagnetic fields. Knowledge of the dispersion relation can be transferred, using standard methods, into new insights in the dynamical equations for the photons. Effectively, those equations will contain different types of self-interaction terms, depending on whether the photons are coherent or not. It is shown that coherent photons are governed by a nonlinear Schroedinger type equation, such that the self-interaction terms vanish in the limit of parallel propagating waves. For incoherent photons, a set of fluid equations can determine the evolution of the corresponding radiation gas. In the case of a self-interacting radiation fluid, it is shown that Landau damping can occur.
description: 5 pages, uses revtex4; presented at ITCPP03, Santorini, Greece (2003)
On Imputing for Financial Services in the National Accounts Commercial Banking in General Equilibrium
Creators: name: Hartwick, John M.
name: Hartwick, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: national accounting
subject: imputations
subject: commercial banks
subject: general equilibrium

description: We combine the income and capital accounts of nancial intermediaries commercial banks and of nonnancial rms and households to obtain a full accounting of the value of services provided by commercial banks to both depositors and borrowers We track the payments for such services and nd no missing items that need to be imputed for Socalled imputation turns out to be integration of the accounts of nancial institutions with their borrowers and depositors We also nd that a large fraction of banking services are purely intermediate and thus that the net valueadded after integration of the commercial banking sector in the total valueadded of the economy is small We also isolate terms that should be in the national accounts to represent the burden of riskbearing by equity holders an entry for apparent prots of rms Deposits as a stock of money in our economy is analyzed
The Most Common Habitable Planets II -- Salty Oceans in Low Mass Habitable Planets and Global Climate Evolution
Creators: name: Pinotti, R.
name: de Mello, G. F. Porto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global climate evolution models for habitable earthlike planets do not consider the effect of ocean salinity on land ice formation through the hydrological cycle. We consider two categories of such planets: planets with deep oceans, but intrinsically high salinities due to the weaker salt removal process by hydrothermal vents; and planets with shallow oceans, where the increase in salt content and decrease in ocean area during the onset of glaciation cause a negative feedback, helping delay the spread of land ice. We developed a toy climate model of a habitable planet on the verge of an ice age, using a range of initial salt concentrations. Planets with deep oceans and high salinity show considerable increase in the time necessary to fill arctic land with ice sheets, up to 23% considering the maximum salinity range. For planets with shallow oceans, the effect of intrinsic high salinity is reinforced by the negative feedback, counteracting positive feedbacks like the ice-albedo and Croll-Milankovitch perturbations, to the point of effectively terminating land ice sheet growth rate during the simulated timescale. We also apply this model to the putative ocean of early Mars, finding intermediate results: salinity probably did not play a role in the evolution of Mars' climate, considering the timescale of its ice ages. We conclude that this phenomenon is essentially an abiotic self-regulation mechanism against ice ages and should be regarded in the context of habitable planets smaller and drier than the Earth, which may well represent the bulk of habitable planets.
description: 19 pages. Accepted for publication by MNRAS in october 15, 2020
Performance requirements, challenges and existing solutions of PCM in massive concrete for temperature control
Creators: name: Kheradmand, Mohammad
name: Aguiar, José Luís Barroso De
name: Vicente, Romeu
name: Azenha, Miguel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90503 Construction Materials
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: The development of new solutions and techniques targeted towards better control of the temperature rise in massive concrete at early ages aiming at the reduction of thermal cracking risk, is of paramount importance, namely in respect to durability. To mitigate this issue, one of the most researched solutions that has attracted most interest is the incorporation of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) into massive concrete. PCMs have the capacity to store and release energy in the form of heat within a specific temperature range. The application of PCM in massive concrete, with a melting temperature point/range in between the casting temperature of concrete and the expectable peak temperature (had PCM not been added in the mixture), has the potential to reduce the internal temperature rise, and associated temperature gradients. Therefore, the internal thermal stresses are reduced, and consequently the inherent thermal cracking risk. This paper carries out a critical review on requirements and challenges of different applications of PCMs into massive concrete structures.
Creating quantum many-body scars through topological pumping of a 1D dipolar gas
Creators: name: Kao, Wil
name: Li, Kuan-Yu
name: Lin, Kuan-Yu
name: Gopalakrishnan, Sarang
name: Lev, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum many-body scars, long-lived excited states of correlated quantum chaotic systems that evade thermalization, are of great fundamental and technological interest. We create novel scar states in a bosonic 1D quantum gas of dysprosium by stabilizing a super-Tonks-Girardeau gas against collapse and thermalization with repulsive long-range dipolar interactions. Stiffness and energy density measurements show that the system is dynamically stable regardless of contact interaction strength. This enables us to cycle contact interactions from weakly to strongly repulsive, then strongly attractive, and finally weakly attractive. We show that this cycle is an energy-space topological pump (due to a quantum holonomy). Iterating this cycle offers an unexplored topological pumping method to create a hierarchy of quantum many-body scar states.
description: main text 6 pages, 4 figures; supplement 11 pages, 8 figures
The String Light Cone in the pp-wave Background
Creators: name: Chu, Chong-Sun
name: Kyritsis, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we determine the particle and the string light cone in the pp-wave background. The result is a deformed version of the flat one. We point out the light cone exhibits an intriguing periodicity in the light cone time direction x^+ with a period \sim 1/ μ. Our results also suggest that a quantum theory in the pp-wave background can be formulated consistently only if the background is periodic in the light cone time x^+.
description: 10 pages. v2: references and comments added
The Buddhist Sangha: Paradigm of the ideal human society
Creators: name: Putuwar, Sunanda
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 50
subject: Philosophy and religious studies
classificationCode: 5003
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: This study endeavors to show the Buddhist Sangha as a model of an ideal society, applying ethics to its politics. The moral and philosophical teachings of the Buddha provide historical evidence to support such an effort. A moral philosophy articulates the legitimate criteria of a moral standard. Its focus is on the sphere of ethical, social and political thought in Buddhist scriptures. This philosophy concentrates upon practical and altruistic values rather than abstract dialectical interests. The important issue of inequality amongst human beings is discussed here. The purpose of ethical practice is to engender order and peace on earth. This practice helps to formulate the concept of an ideal society in which there would be no inequality. The Buddha himself formulated a religio-political constitution which is still valid and adaptable to the constitutions of the world. His moral philosophy transcends the boundary of a class or caste system and views all human beings as equal from the same moral basis, regardless of this status. Greed, hatred and delusion are regarded as the causes of all evil in the world. The primary governmental aspects within the Sangha, conflict and its resolution, are discussed in light of ethical principles. The Buddha's democratic principles show the necessity of decentralization of power for a viable society. Ethics is imperative in a political or governmental regime, according to Buddhism. The Sangha, governed by advanced discipline, represents an ideal society in the democratic manner. Vinaya acts as the constitutional law, connecting the Sangha with the laity. By adhering to the vinaya rules the Sangha is systematic and democratic in determining and administering its affairs. All disciplinary rules are intended to organize the behavior of the Sangha members. The distribution of products, power and positions is similarly systematized by the vinaya rules. By pointing to its democratic nature, its emphasis on moral administration and understanding, and its harmonious interaction with kings and general public alike, this work proves the Sangha to be a unique model for an ideal society.
Spectrophotometry of galaxies in the Virgo cluster.II: The data
Creators: name: Gavazzi, Giuseppe
name: Zaccardo, Antonio
name: Sanvito, Gerry
name: Boselli, Alessandro
name: Bonfanti, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Drift-scan mode (3600-6800 A) spectra with 500
description: 17 Pages, 19 Figures, 9 Tables. Accepted for pubblication in A&A. Full tables and figures available at http://goldmine.mib.infn.it/papers/vccspec_2.html
Changing attitudes of nonhandicapped elementary students toward their handicapped peers
Creators: name: Zucker, Connie Susan
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: This study was conducted in response to PL94-142's mandate for mainstreaming of handicapped students. One available mainstreaming strategy, known as Kids on the Block (KOTB), was the focus of this study. KOTB consists of a troupe of life-sized puppets, each with a different handicapping condition. The presentation included demonstrations and discussions about typical problems facing these handicapped puppets, including the modeling of more appropriate behaviors toward them. The intent of KOTB was to improve the attitudes of nonhandicapped students toward their handicapped peers. A quasi-experimental design was employed, consisting of 213 fourth-grade students from 12 intact classrooms. The subjects, all from suburban public schools, were split into one of three groups: (a) the treatment group, which viewed the Kids on the Block presentation; (b) control group I, which received a lecture on the handicapped; and (c) control group II, which was exposed to neither the presentation nor the lecture. The PATHS--Peer Attitudes Toward the Handicapped Scale--was administered at a pretest, then again following the performance (posttest I), and a third time at a six-week interval (posttest II). The primary hypothesis was that KOTB, when compared to control groups, would produce attitude change of nonhandicapped students toward their handicapped peers. Analysis of the data provided little support for the use of Kids on the Block as a primary strategy for promoting attitude change. Contrary to stated hypotheses, Kids on the Block adjusted mean scores different significantly only from control group II, but not from the group exposed to the lecture, at posttest I. At posttest II, no significant differences between any of the three groups existed, as the treatment group mean regressed to a point approximating the other groups. This study raises serious questions about the cost-effectiveness of Kids on the Block, especially since Kids on the Block did not appear any more effective than a lecture insofar as attitude change was concerned. The need for a more integrated curriculum is suggested, including follow-up reinforcement activities that provide direct exposure to the handicapped. Recommendations for future research are presented.
Volumetric landmark detection with a multi-scale shift equivariant neural network
Creators: name: Ma, Tianyu
name: Gupta, Ajay
name: Sabuncu, Mert R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep neural networks yield promising results in a wide range of computer vision applications, including landmark detection. A major challenge for accurate anatomical landmark detection in volumetric images such as clinical CT scans is that large-scale data often constrain the capacity of the employed neural network architecture due to GPU memory limitations, which in turn can limit the precision of the output. We propose a multi-scale, end-to-end deep learning method that achieves fast and memory-efficient landmark detection in 3D images. Our architecture consists of blocks of shift-equivariant networks, each of which performs landmark detection at a different spatial scale. These blocks are connected from coarse to fine-scale, with differentiable resampling layers, so that all levels can be trained together. We also present a noise injection strategy that increases the robustness of the model and allows us to quantify uncertainty at test time. We evaluate our method for carotid artery bifurcations detection on 263 CT volumes and achieve a better than state-of-the-art accuracy with mean Euclidean distance error of 2.81mm.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Report describing communication plan and governance (D5.2)
Creators: name: Oliver, Alison
name: Stephens, Sally
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The deliverable focuses on outlining a general messaging approach through ConcePTION channels (amplified by partner local channels) to promote pharmacovigilance (PV) systems and the breastmilk biobank, as well as to raise awareness of ConcePTION resources that are in development (Knowledge Bank). This will be paired with two pilot campaigns with targeted messaging to run in parallel using local channels to promote two specific systems participating in WP2 of ConcePTION (UKTIS BUMPS, Lareb pREGnant).
Collective oscillations of a trapped Fermi gas near the unitary limit
Creators: name: Bulgac, Aurel
name: Bertsch, George F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the oscillation frequencies of trapped Fermi condensate with particular emphasis on the equation of state of the interacting Fermi system. We confirm Stringari's finding that the frequencies are independent of the interaction in the unitary limit, and we extend the theory away from that limit, where the interaction does affect the frequencies of the compressional modes only.
description: 4 pages, corrected a couple of trivial mistakes in table II and the related text and added references
Non-Anderson critical scaling of the Thouless conductance in 1D
Creators: name: Sbierski, Björn
name: Syzranov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and investigate numerically a one-dimensional model which exhibits a non-Anderson disorder-driven transition. Such transitions have recently been attracting a great deal of attention in the context of Weyl semimetals, one-dimensional systems with long-range hopping and high-dimensional semiconductors. Our model hosts quasiparticles with the dispersion $\pm |k|^α\mathrm{sign} k$ with $α<1/2$ near two points (nodes) in momentum space and includes short-range-correlated random potential which allows for scattering between the nodes and near each node. In contrast with the previously studied models in dimensions $d<3$, the model considered here exhibits a critical scaling of the Thouless conductance which allows for {an accurate} determination of the critical properties of the non-Anderson transition, with a precision significantly exceeding the results obtained from the critical scaling of the density of states, usually simulated at such transitions. We find that in the limit of the vanishing parameter $\varepsilon=2α-1$ the correlation-length exponent $ν=2/(3|\varepsilon|)$ at the transition is inconsistent with the prediction $ν_{RG}=1/|\varepsilon|$ of the perturbative renormalisation-group analysis. Our results allow for a numerical verification of the convergence of $\varepsilon$-expansions for non-Anderson disorder-driven transitions and, in general, interacting field theories near critical dimensions.
description: 12 pages
Glossogobius giuris
Creators: name: Hoese, Douglass F.
name: Hammer, Michael P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Gobiidae
Glossogobius
Glossogobius giuris

description: Glossogobius giuris complex
 The Glossogobius giuris complex is defined here as species which have two or more rows of papillae in some cheek papilla lines and the inner preopercular mandibular papilla line and an indistinct truncate mental fraenum without elevated lateral lobes. The group includes the two species treated here, G. giuris and G. laticeps. Other species include Glossogobius matanensis, G. intermedius, G. flavipinnis and G. mahalonensis from Sulawesi and G. obscuripinnis from the Philippines to Sulawesi and G. olivaceus from China and Japan and a number of undescribed species from the western Indian Ocean and Sulawesi. In species from the Malili lakes in Sulawesi the cheek papilla rows expand over the whole cheek and the individual papilla lines are often indistinguishable from one another (Hoese et al. 2015). Glossogobius kokius from Mauritius, G. callidus and G. tenuiformis are similar in general appearance to species in the complex, but these species lack multiple rows of sensory papillae in the cheek lines. The “giuris” complex is also similar in general morphology to the Pacific species Glossogobius aureus and G. koragensis, which have papilla lines composed of a single row of papillae. Large G. aureus may have a few extra papillae along one or two of the cheek lines, but these do not form distinct rows along the whole line. Also G. circumspectus is similar in having an indistinct mental frenum, but differs in having several vertical rows of papillae on the cheek. That species is also the only species confined to mangrove environments. Other species are typically found in freshwaters as adults.
description: Published as part of Hoese, Douglass F. & Hammer, Michael P., 2021, A review of the Glossogobius giuris complex in Australia, with wider discussion on nomenclature and possible synonymies, pp. 79-115 in Zootaxa 4974 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4772138
Changing attitudes of nonhandicapped elementary students toward their handicapped peers
Creators: name: Zucker, Connie Susan
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study was conducted in response to PL94-142's mandate for mainstreaming of handicapped students. One available mainstreaming strategy, known as Kids on the Block (KOTB), was the focus of this study. KOTB consists of a troupe of life-sized puppets, each with a different handicapping condition. The presentation included demonstrations and discussions about typical problems facing these handicapped puppets, including the modeling of more appropriate behaviors toward them. The intent of KOTB was to improve the attitudes of nonhandicapped students toward their handicapped peers. A quasi-experimental design was employed, consisting of 213 fourth-grade students from 12 intact classrooms. The subjects, all from suburban public schools, were split into one of three groups: (a) the treatment group, which viewed the Kids on the Block presentation; (b) control group I, which received a lecture on the handicapped; and (c) control group II, which was exposed to neither the presentation nor the lecture. The PATHS--Peer Attitudes Toward the Handicapped Scale--was administered at a pretest, then again following the performance (posttest I), and a third time at a six-week interval (posttest II). The primary hypothesis was that KOTB, when compared to control groups, would produce attitude change of nonhandicapped students toward their handicapped peers. Analysis of the data provided little support for the use of Kids on the Block as a primary strategy for promoting attitude change. Contrary to stated hypotheses, Kids on the Block adjusted mean scores different significantly only from control group II, but not from the group exposed to the lecture, at posttest I. At posttest II, no significant differences between any of the three groups existed, as the treatment group mean regressed to a point approximating the other groups. This study raises serious questions about the cost-effectiveness of Kids on the Block, especially since Kids on the Block did not appear any more effective than a lecture insofar as attitude change was concerned. The need for a more integrated curriculum is suggested, including follow-up reinforcement activities that provide direct exposure to the handicapped. Recommendations for future research are presented.
Epidemics in small world networks
Creators: name: da Gama, M. M. Telo
name: Nunes, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: For many infectious diseases, a small-world network on an underlying regular lattice is a suitable simplified model for the contact structure of the host population. It is well known that the contact network, described in this setting by a single parameter, the small-world parameter $p$, plays an important role both in the short term and in the long term dynamics of epidemic spread. We have studied the effect of the network structure on models of immune for life diseases and found that in addition to the reduction of the effective transmission rate, through the screening of infectives, spatial correlations may strongly enhance the stochastic fluctuations. As a consequence, time series of unforced Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) models provide patterns of recurrent epidemics with realistic amplitudes, suggesting that these models together with complex networks of contacts are the key ingredients to describe the prevaccination dynamical patterns of diseases such as measles and pertussis. We have also studied the role of the host contact strucuture in pathogen antigenic variation, through its effect on the final outcome of an invasion by a viral strain of a population where a very similar virus is endemic. Similar viral strains are modelled by the same infection and reinfection parameters, and by a given degree of cross immunity that represents the antigenic distance between the competing strains. We have found, somewhat surprisingly, that clustering on the network decreases the potential to sustain pathogen diversity.
Deep inelastic electron scattering from nuclei
Creators: name: Gomez, Javier
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The deep inelastic electron scattering cross sections for d, He, Be, C, Al, Ca, Fe, Ag and Au were measured at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center using electrons with energies ranging from 8 to 24.5 GeV. These data cover a range in the Bjorken variable x from 0.09 and 0.9 and in momentum transfer $Q\sp2$ from 2 to 15 (GeV/c)$\sp2$. The ratios of cross sections per nucleon $\sigma\sp{A}/\sigma\sp{d}$ have been extracted from the data. These ratios are consistent with unity in the range 0.1 $< x <$ 0.3 while for 0.3 $< x <$ 0.8 they are less than unity and decrease logarithmically with atomic weight A, or linearly with average nuclear density. No $Q\sp2$ dependence in the ratios was observed over the kinematic range of the data. These results are compared to predictions of some recent models.
Deep inelastic electron scattering from nuclei
Creators: name: Gomez, Javier
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 5107
subject: Particle and high energy physics

description: The deep inelastic electron scattering cross sections for d, He, Be, C, Al, Ca, Fe, Ag and Au were measured at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center using electrons with energies ranging from 8 to 24.5 GeV. These data cover a range in the Bjorken variable x from 0.09 and 0.9 and in momentum transfer $Q\sp2$ from 2 to 15 (GeV/c)$\sp2$. The ratios of cross sections per nucleon $\sigma\sp{A}/\sigma\sp{d}$ have been extracted from the data. These ratios are consistent with unity in the range 0.1 $< x <$ 0.3 while for 0.3 $< x <$ 0.8 they are less than unity and decrease logarithmically with atomic weight A, or linearly with average nuclear density. No $Q\sp2$ dependence in the ratios was observed over the kinematic range of the data. These results are compared to predictions of some recent models.
The Contextual Quantization and the Principle of Complementarity of Probabilities
Creators: name: Khrennikov, Andrei
name: Kozyrev, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Principle of Complementarity of Probabilities based on of noncommutative probability is introduced.
description: In the first version we used a formulation of the principle of complementarity which is rather common, but it does not correspond to the original Bohr's formulation (Prof. A. Plotnitsky paid our attention to this problem and presented to us the original Bohr's formulation). We wrote about "full information" and N. Bohr wrote about "possible information." Our formulation is natural for a realists interpretation of quantum mechanics (e.g. Vaxjo interpretation) and not for the orthodox Copenhagen interpretation. In this version we use the original Bohr's formulation
The informal sector in Kingston, Jamaica: A description of literacy, educational attainment, and occupational skills
Creators: name: Jalloul, Janet Terrell
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration

description: The purpose of this study was to describe the degree of functional literacy, educational attainment levels, and the variety of occupational skills of a sample population working in the informal sector in Kingston, Jamaica. The study provided an educational/skills profile of the sample population and an examination of related policy issues. The methodology used was non-intrusive and designed specifically for persons engaged in informal sector economic activities. An interview guide, functional literacy tests, and observations of occupational skills were used to gather quantitative and qualitative information from two hundred participants in four informal sector activities: street foods, handicrafts, fruits and vegetables, and small-scale services. Twenty-five men and twenty-five women were interviewed in each of the four economic groups. The researcher contacted participants while they were working at their business sites. A survey instrument developed by the researcher was administered through personal interviews. To test functional literacy participants responded to information or questions written on a card about their particular economic activity. Each participant in the study was contacted a minimum of two times and a maximum of three times. The findings showed that ninety percent of those in the sample were functionally literate, and all but 35 had completed at least through the primary school level. The majority of those in the sample had three or more occupational skills. Forty-five percent of the sample kept written records or ledgers of business activities, and had formulated plans for expansion of their businesses. Data were also collected through ten interviews with government officicals, Agency for International Development staff, and voluntary organization staff, focusing on policies toward and attitudes about the informal sector population in Kingston. Results of the research suggest that those in the Kingston informal sector are not expecting to enter the formal economy, nor are they seeking additional training. The most often expressed need was for small-scale loans to expand stock and enlarge the businesses; none of those in the study was able to meet that need. New directions in government policies to promote the development of the informal sector have been suggested by the researcher.
Epidemiological study of congenital malformations of the vertebral column in French bulldogs, English bulldogs and pugs
Creators: name: Lackmann, Felix
name: Forterre, Franck
name: Brunnberg, Leo
name: Loderstedt, Shenja
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: neurology
subject: neuroradiology
subject: radiography
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Background Congenital vertebral body malformations (CVBMs) have retrospectively been investigated in British and American canine populations. This study prospectively evaluates occurrence, localization, type and characteristic of CVBM along the entire vertebral column in a cohort of French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs and Pug dogs from Germany. Methods Prospective clinical and radiological screenings for CVBM were performed in brachycephalic dogs presented for reasons unrelated to neurological problems. Neurological and orthopaedic examinations as well as radiographs in two orthogonal planes of the entire vertebral column including the tail were performed in all dogs. Cobb angle and vertebral step were determined. Associations between CVBM, tail malformation, neurological deficits and occurrence of concurrent orthopaedic diseases were investigated. Results A total of 707 VBMs were identified in the whole vertebral column of 169 of 265 brachycephalic dogs. The most common types of CVBMs were ventral wedge shape (48%), dorsal wedge shape (14%) and shortened vertebral body (14%). A new type of malformation was investigated: dorsal wedge shape vertebrae. There was significant association between severe tail malformations with CVBM. Neurological deficits were significantly associated with ventrolateral wedge shape, dorso lateral hemivertebrae, Cobb angle > 30% and vertebral step ≥1.75 mm. Orthopaedic conditions were not significantly associated with CVBM. Conclusion Kyphotic Cobb angle and vertebral step are radiological findings associated with neurological deficits. We propose severe tail malformation as an easy and accurate selection factor for determining breeding dogs.