cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Chi-square Goodness-of-Fit Test for Continuous Distributions against a known Alternative
Creators: name: Rolke, Wolfgang
name: Gongora, Cristian Gutierrez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The chi square goodness-of-fit test is among the oldest known statistical tests, first proposed by Pearson in 1900 for the multinomial distribution. It has been in use in many fields ever since. However, various studies have shown that when applied to data from a continuous distribution it is generally inferior to other methods such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Anderson-Darling tests. However, the performance, that is the power, of the chi square test depends crucially on the way the data is binned. In this paper we describe a method that automatically finds a binning that is very good against a specific alternative. We show that then the chi square test is generally competitive and sometimes even superior to other standard tests.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
Structural geometry and kinematics of deformation in the Stanley Head region, western Cornwallis Island, Nunavut
Creators: name: Henrichsen, Michael C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Stanley Head region of western Cornwallis Island, Nunavut is located southeast and along strike from the Late Devonian Zn-Pb Polaris mine. The area incorporates Middle Ordovician - Lower Devonian strata that is folded and faulted and constitutes a part of the Lower Devonian Cornwallis fold belt. 1:15000 scale mapping of the Stanley Head region led to the identification of previously unrecognized shallow level folds and thrust faults that collectively define the Stanley Head anticline. These structures exhibit some of the characteristic elements of "evaporite detachment thin-skinned contractional deformation" (Davis and Engelder, 1985), and are interpreted to represent an evaporite based fold and thrust system in which there are multiple levels of detachment. Three phases of deformation have been documented in the study area: 1) northeast and southwest verging folds and thrust faults associated with an east-west compressional D1 event, 2) strike slip faulting and folding associated with a north-south compressional D2 event, and 3) normal faulting associated with an east-west extensional D3 event. The D1 , D2, and D3 events are interpreted to correspond with the Boothia Uplift, Ellesmerian Orogeny, and Eurekan deformational event respectively. Pervasive calcite veins related to the D2 and D3 events were precipitated from meteoric fluids based on oxygen and carbons stable isotope analysis. To characterize the structural geology of the Stanley Head region six structural cross sections that transect the study area have been produced. "Balanced" cross sections were constructed using the integration of surficial data and a kinematic model of deformation for the multiple detachment, evaporite based Parry Islands fold belt (Harrison and Bally, 1988). Cross sections from the study area provide a useful analogue to construct a regional cross section across Cornwallis Island. Both the regional and Stanley Head cross sections are characterized by 1) Southwest and northeast verging folds and thrust faults, 2) a variety of fold - thrust fault interactions, and 3) a proposed structural disharmony between the surficial fold belt and an underlying fold and thrust system.
Private Decisions and Public Goods: Trade-Offs in the Conservation Programs in the New Farm Bill: Discussion
Creators: name: Davis, Todd D.
name: Davis, Todd D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: certainty equivalents
subject: conservation
subject: econometrics
subject: government payments
subject: risk
subject: simulation

description: The 2002 Farm Bill creates several opportunities for landowners to adopt management practices that protect and improve soil and water quality. Landowners considering enrollment in conservation programs must compare the monetary and nonmonetary costs and benefits from removing land from production agriculture. The overall purpose of this invited paper session was to improve the understanding of the factors affecting a landowner’s decision to enroll in conservation programs. Papers addressed the environmental benefits of conservation programs and compared the returns to enrolling in conservation programs to the returns from production agriculture.
Developing Policy Relevant Agrifood Models
Creators: name: Rude, James
name: Meilke, Karl D.
name: Rude, James
name: Meilke, Karl D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: commodity models
subject: food safety
subject: policy
subject: product attributes

description: The opportunities and challenges of incorporating accurate policy representations into institutional partial equilibrium commodity models were investigated. Six issues are raised: commodity space definition, vertical linkages, assessing market power, the changing nature of government support, trade policy, and data requirements. The importance of product attributes and different approaches to modeling product differentiation are considered. A case study of food safety is used to bring together the major issues. Although institutional commodity models still have a role to play, we advocate the use of smaller idiosyncratic models to address many of the relevant policy questions in a rapidly changing sector.
Critical points in the Bragg glass phase of a weakly pinned crystal of Ca$_3$Rh$_4$Sn$_{13}$
Creators: name: Sarkar, S.
name: Thakur, A. D.
name: Tomy, C. V.
name: Balakrishnan, G.
name: Paul, D. McK.
name: Ramakrishnan, S.
name: Grover, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New experimental data are presented on the scan rate dependence of the magnetization hysteresis width $ΔM(H)$ ($\propto$ critical current density $J_c(H)$) in isothermal $M-H$ scans in a weakly pinned single crystal of Ca$_3$Rh$_4$Sn$_{13}$, which displays second magnetization peak (SMP) anomaly as distinct from the peak effect (PE). We observe an interesting modulation in the field dependence of a parameter which purports to measure the dynamical annealing of the disordered bundles of vortices injected through the sample edges towards the destined equilibrium vortex state at a given $H$. These data, in conjunction with the earlier observations made while studying the thermomagnetic history dependence in $J_c(H)$ in the tracing of the minor hysteresis loops, imply that the partially disordered state heals towards the more ordered state between the peak field of the SMP anomaly and the onset field of the PE. The vortex phase diagram in the given crystal of Ca$_3$Rh$_4$Sn$_{13}$ has been updated in the context of the notion of the phase coexistence of the ordered and disordered regions between the onset field of the SMP anomaly and the spinodal line located just prior to the irreversibility line. A multi-critical point and a critical point in the ($H,T$) region of the Bragg glass phase have been marked in this phase diagram and the observed behaviour is discussed in the light of recent data on multi-critical point in the vortex phase diagram in a single crystal of Nb.
description: To appear in Current trends in Vortex State Studies - Pramana J. Physics
A multiscale porous--resolved methodology for efficient simulation of heat and fluid transport in complex geometries, with application to electric power transformers
Creators: name: Meyer, Ole H. H.
name: Lervåg, Karl Yngve
name: Ervik, Åsmund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The numerical simulation of fluid flow through a complex geometry with heat transfer is of strong interest for many applications, such as oil-filled power transformers. A fundamental challenge here is that high resolution is necessary to resolve the fluid flow phenomena, but this makes simulation of the full geometry very expensive in terms of computational power. In this work, we develop a simulation methodology that combines a porous-medium approach for simulating some regions of the domain, coupled with fully resolved simulations in those regions which are deemed most interesting to study in detail. As one does not resolve flow features like thermal boundary layers in the regions modeled with the porous approach, the resolution in these parts can be orders of magnitude coarser. This multiscale approach is validated against the use of fully resolved simulations in the whole domain, as well as against analytical solutions to the extended Graetz problem. We then apply the approach to the study of oil flow and heat transfer in large electric power transformers and demonstrate a significant reduction in computational cost compared to a fully resolved approach.
description: 22 pages, 15 figures
Supplementary information from Arctic coastal benthos long-term responses to perturbations under climate warming
Creators: name: Al-Habahbeh, Amalia Keck
name: Kortsch, Susanne
name: Bluhm, Bodil A.
name: Beuchel, Frank
name: Gulliksen, Bjørn
name: Ballantine, Carl
name: Cristini, Domiziana
name: Primicerio, Raul
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Figures and tables
ДИАГНОСТИКА, ЛЕЧЕНИЕ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА САХАРНОГО ДИАБЕТА 2-го ТИПА
Creators: name: Ибрагимова, Надия
name: Зулфикарова, Манзура
name: Хакимова, Асилабону
name: Дустмуродова, Хосиятхон
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Сахарный диабет – это глобальная проблема всего мира. Эта патология представляет собой реальную угрозу за счет ранней инвалидизации и высокой смертности от сосудистых катастроф. Это связано с увеличением числа людей, страдающих сахарным диабетом, хроническим характером течения заболевания, развитием различных осложнений, которые приводят к снижению качества жизни и сокращению ее продолжительности. В статье представлена информация о особенностях диагностики, лечения и профилактики данной патологии.
Siegel Disks and Periodic Rays of Entire Functions
Creators: name: Rempe, Lasse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F10, 30D05

description: Let f be an entire function whose set of singular values is bounded and suppose that f has a Siegel disk such that f restricts to a homeomorphism of the boundary. We show that the Siegel disk is bounded. Using a result of Herman, we deduce that if additionally the rotation number of the Siegel disk is Diophantine, then its boundary contains a critical point of f. Suppose furthermore that all singular values of f lie in the Julia set. We prove that, if f has a Siegel disk $U$ whose boundary contains no singular values, then the condition that f is a homeomorphism of the boundary of U is automatically satisfied. We also investigate landing properties of periodic dynamic rays by similar methods.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures. A problem with the image quality of some of the figures was fixed. Some minor corrections were also made. Final version
Sharp bounds for the valence of certain harmonic polynomials
Creators: name: Geyer, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26C10, 30C10, 37F10

description: D. Khavinson and G. Swiatek proved that harmonic polynomials p(z)+q(z), where p is holomorphic, q is antiholomorphic, and deg p = n > 1 = deg q, can have at most 3n-2 complex zeros. We show that this bound is sharp for all n by proving a conjecture of Sarason and Crofoot about the existence of holomorphic polynomials p which map all critical points to their complex conjugates. We also count the number of equivalence classes of real polynomials solving this system of equations. The methods employed rely on Thurston's characterization of post-critically finite rational maps, in particular the results on polynomials by S. Levy and A. Poirier.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Supplemental Results, Discussion, Figures and Tables, and Data Analysis Pipeline. from Riddles in the cold: Antarctic endemism and microbial succession impact methane cycling in the Southern Ocean
Creators: name: Thurber, Andrew R.
name: Seabrook, Sarah
name: Welsh, Rory M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology

description: Antarctica is estimated to contain as much as a quarter of earth's marine methane, however we have not discovered an active Antarctic methane seep limiting our understanding of the methane cycle. In 2011, an expansive (70 m × 1 m) microbial mat formed at 10 m water depth in the Ross Sea, Antarctica which we identify here to be a high latitude hydrogen sulfide and methane seep. Through 16S rRNA gene analysis on samples collected 1 year and 5 years after the methane seep formed, we identify the taxa involved in the Antarctic methane cycle and quantify the response rate of the microbial community to a novel input of methane. One year after the seep formed, ANaerobic MEthane oxidizing archaea (ANME), the dominant sink of methane globally, were absent. Five years later, ANME were found to make up to 4% of the microbial community, however the dominant member of this group observed (ANME-1) were unexpected considering the cold temperature (−1.8°C) and high sulfate concentrations (greater than 24 mM) present at this site. Additionally, the microbial community had not yet formed a sufficient filter to mitigate the release of methane from the sediment; methane flux from the sediment was still significant at 3.1 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1. We hypothesize that this 5 year time point represents an early successional stage of the microbiota in response to methane input. This study provides the first report of the evolution of a seep system from a non-seep environment, and reveals that the rate of microbial succession may have an unrealized impact on greenhouse gas emission from marine methane reservoirs.
Order allocation in purchasing management: a review of state-of-the-art studies from a supply chain perspective
Creators: name: Pasquale, Valentina Di
name: Nenni, Maria Elena
name: Riemma, Stefano
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Supplier selection (SS) and order allocation (OA) are strategic decisions that have a substantial effect on a company’s performance. However, order allocation is often neglected, since it results from supplier selection and is considered supplementary: little attention has been paid to its specific nature and complexity. Consequently, the authors conducted a systematic literature review specifically regarding order allocation methods. The research aimed to evaluate how often and when the issue has been dignified with an individual focus, independently of the supplier selection problem. This study conducted a comprehensive examination of the order allocation models and solutions, criteria for order quantity allocation, features of suppliers, items, planning periods, and demand most commonly considered in the literature. Finally, it aimed to discover whether supply chain configurations and trends have been considered in efforts to find a solution to the problem. The scientific contribution of this study is threefold: (i) to expand the review of scientific literature regarding order allocation models, (ii) to identify research gaps and highlight research opportunities, and (iii) to suggest a research agenda for the development of order allocation models according to the requirements of current trends in supply chain management.
Supplementary Information from Selective extinction against redundant species buffers functional diversity
Creators: name: Pimiento, Catalina
name: Bacon, Christine D.
name: Silvestro, Daniele
name: Hendy, Austin
name: Jaramillo, Carlos
name: Zizka, Alexander
name: Meyer, Xavier
name: Antonelli, Alexandre
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The extinction of species can destabilize ecological processes. A way to assess the ecological consequences of species loss is by examining changes in functional diversity. The preservation of functional diversity depends on the range of ecological roles performed by species, or functional richness, and the number of species per role, or functional redundancy. However, current knowledge is based on short timescales and an understanding of how functional diversity responds to long-term biodiversity dynamics has been limited by the availability of deep-time, trait-based data. Here, we compile an exceptional trait dataset of fossil molluscs from a 23-million-year interval in the Caribbean Sea (34 011 records, 4422 species) and develop a novel Bayesian model of multi-trait-dependent diversification to reconstruct mollusc (i) diversity dynamics, (ii) changes in functional diversity, and (iii) extinction selectivity over the last 23 Myr. Our results identify high diversification between 23–5 Mya, leading to increases in both functional richness and redundancy. Conversely, over the last three million years, a period of high extinction rates resulted in the loss of 49% of species but only 3% of functional richness. Extinction rates were significantly higher in small, functionally redundant species suggesting that competition mediated the response of species to environmental change. Taken together, our results identify long-term diversification and selective extinction against redundant species that allowed functional diversity to grow over time, ultimately buffering the ecological functions of biological communities against extinction.
Observational consequences of Bianchi I spacetimes in loop quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Agullo, Ivan
name: Olmedo, Javier
name: Sreenath, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anisotropies generically dominate the earliest stages of expansion of a homogeneous universe. They are particularly relevant in bouncing models, since shears grow in the contracting phase of the cosmos, making the isotropic situation unstable. This paper extends the study of cosmological perturbations in loop quantum cosmology (LQC) to anisotropic Bianchi I models that contain a bounce followed by a phase of slow-roll inflation. We show that, although the shear tensor dilutes and the universe isotropizes soon after the bounce, cosmic perturbations retain memory of this short anisotropic phase. We develop the formalism needed to describe perturbations in anisotropic, effective LQC, and apply it to make predictions for the cosmic microwave background (CMB), while respecting current observational constraints. We show that the anisotropic bounce induces: (i) anisotropic features in all angular correlation functions in the CMB, and in particular a quadrupolar modulation that can account for a similar feature observed in the temperature map by the Planck satellite, and (ii) quantum entanglement between scalar and tensor modes, that manifests itself in temperature-polarization (T-B and E-B) correlations in the CMB.
description: 37 pages, 12 figures, version matching published manuscript
ОСТРЫЙ ГЕМАТОГЕННЫЙ ОСТЕОМИЕЛИТ  ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЙ ОБЗОР
Creators: name: Бердиярова, Шохида
name: Зулфикорова, Манзура
name: Умаров, Фахриддин
name: Утаева, Наргиза
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Гематогенный остеомиелит – одно из самых тяжелых гнойно-септических заболеваний, приводящих при несвоевременной диагностике и неадекватном лечении к развитию тяжелого сепсиса с полиорганной недостаточностью, септическому шоку и летальным исходам. Совершенствование методов диагностики и лечения позволили снизить летальность при остром гематогенном остеомиелите до 0,5-2,7 % и хронизацию процесса до 3,1 %, но по-прежнему при данной патологии достаточно часто встречаются ортопедические осложнения. Диагностика острого гематогенного остеомиелита у детей в ранние сроки заболевания представляет определенныетрудности, поэтому наряду с общепринятой диагностикой очень важным является использование современных неинвазивных методов диагностики (УЗИ,КТ).
N=4 super-Schwarzian via nonlinear realizations
Creators: name: Galajinsky, Anton
name: Krivonos, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current studies of supersymmetric extensions of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model stimulate a renewed interest in super-Schwarzian derivatives. In this work, we apply the method of nonlinear realizations to the finite-dimensional superconformal group SU(1,1|2) and link its invariants to the N=4 super-Schwarzian.
description: V2: minor improvements; the version to appear in PRD
Dynamics of income, wealth and capital in Norwegian farm household accounts: A state-space model
Creators: name: Hoveid, Oyvind
name: Raknerud, A.
name: Hoveid, Oyvind
name: Raknerud, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: farm households
subject: finance
subject: investment

description: Feedbacks between on-farm and off-farm activities are analyzed with a state-space model over a panel of farm household accounts. We discover significant positive effects of farm capital both on farm income and on wage labor income. The latter effect is interpreted as wage labor partly paying the debt incurred by investments in farm capital. Significant positive effects on farm capital from wealth - indicating credit rationing or an immediate willingness to pay for farm investments - are also discovered. The wealth effect on farm income is also significantly positive. By and large - at least for the household for which the results are estimated, and for the model applied - Fishers separation theorem is rejected.
LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK FAIRY TALES
Creators: name: Khojabekova, Sarbinaz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This part of the thesis analyzes the texts of Uzbek and English fairy tales, which make it possible to determine in the world's linguistic landscape how the language units of different ethnic groups associated with the perception and verbalization of fairy tales are formed in the human mind. A comparative analysis of the texts of Uzbek and English fairy tales makes it possible to determine in the linguistic landscape of the universe how the language units of different ethnic groups associated with the perception and verbalization of fairy tales are formed in the human mind.
Globally accurate potential energy surface for PH2+ (11 A′) by using the switching function formalism
Creators: name: Y. L. Lü
name: S. J. Chai
name: H. Y. Ma
name: S. B. Gao
name: Y. Q. Li
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: As an intermediate product of phosphorus compounds in astrophysical chemistry, PH2+(11A′) has great significance in research on the PHn+ (n=0−4) systems. However, as a basis for studying its reaction mechanisms, PH2+(11A′) lacks an accurate global potential energy surface (PES) and related dynamic reports. In this investigation, based on a multi-reference configuration interaction approach with Davidson correction, an accurate global many-body expansion PES for PH2+ in its ground state was reported by fitting extensive ab initio energies, as calculated with the correlation-consistent basis set aug-cc-pVQZ. Meanwhile, the switching function formalism was adopted to explain and distinguish the transformation between P+(1D) and P+(3P) in one-body energy terms, which ensured the correct dissociation channel in the reaction process of P+(1D)+H2({X}1Σg+)→PH+(X2Π)+H(2S). The topographical characteristics of the title system PES were meticulously contrasted with those in other literature reports, which were consistent with previous experimental and theoretical values. Subsequently, the time-dependent wave packet approach was adopted to calculate the reaction probability and integral cross-section for the reaction P+(1D)+H2({X}1Σg+)(v=0,j=0)→PH+(X2Π)+H(2S) to verify the accuracy of the new PES. This dynamics study may help to further explain the thermochemical reactions of phosphorus-containing molecules in interstellar media.
Modelos dinâmicos aplicados à aprendizagem de valores em inteligência artificial
Creators: name: Corrêa, Nicholas Kluge
name: De Oliveira, Nythamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Experts in Artificial Intelligence (AI) development predict that advances in the development of intelligent systems and agents will reshape vital areas in our society. Nevertheless, if such an advance is not made prudently and critically, reflexively, it can result in negative outcomes for humanity. For this reason, several researchers in the area have developed a robust, beneficial, and safe concept of AI for the preservation of humanity and the environment. Currently, several of the open problems in the field of AI research arise from the difficulty of avoiding unwanted behaviors of intelligent agents and systems, and at the same time specifying what we really want such systems to do, especially when we look for the possibility of intelligent agents acting in several domains over the long term. It is of utmost importance that artificial intelligent agents have their values aligned with human values, given the fact that we cannot expect an AI to develop human moral values simply because of its intelligence, as discussed in the Orthogonality Thesis. Perhaps this difficulty comes from the way we are addressing the problem of expressing objectives, values, and ends, using representational cognitive methods. A solution to this problem would be the dynamic approach proposed by Dreyfus, whose phenomenological philosophy shows that the human experience of being-in-the-world in several aspects is not well represented by the symbolic or connectionist cognitive method, especially in regards to the question of learning values. A possible approach to this problem would be to use theoretical models such as SED (situated embodied dynamics) to address the values learning problem in AI.
description: in Portuguese
Molecular effects in the ionization of N$_2$, O$_2$ and F$_2$ by intense laser fields
Creators: name: Dundas, Daniel
name: Rost, Jan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the response in time of N$_2$, O$_2$ and F$_2$ to laser pulses having a wavelength of 390nm. We find single ionization suppression in O$_2$ and its absence in F$_2$, in accordance with experimental results at $λ= 800$nm. Within our framework of time-dependent density functional theory we are able to explain deviations from the predictions of Intense-Field Many-Body $S$-Matrix Theory (IMST). We confirm the connection of ionization suppression with destructive interference of outgoing electron waves from the ionized electron orbital. However, the prediction of ionization suppression, justified within the IMST approach through the symmetry of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), is not reliable since it turns out that, e.g. in the case of F$_2$, the electronic response to the laser pulse is rather complicated and does not lead to dominant depletion of the HOMO. Therefore, the symmetry of the HOMO is not sufficient to predict ionization suppression. However, at least for F$_2$, the symmetry of the dominantly ionized orbital is consistent with the non-suppression of ionization.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Arc-Like Variable Bunch Compressors
Creators: name: Williams, Peter H.
name: Pérez-Segurana, Gustavo
name: Bailey, Ian R.
name: Thorin, Sara
name: Kyle, Bill
name: Svensson, Jonas Björklund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron bunch compressors formed of achromat arcs have a natural advantage over the more commonly used chicane compressors in that linearisation of the longitudinal phase space is of the correct sign to compensate for the curvature imprinted by rf acceleration. Here we extend the utility of arc compressors to enable variation of the longitudinal compaction within a fixed footprint. We also show that this variability can be achieved independently order-by-order in momentum deviation. The technique we employ consists of additional dipoles, leading to the advantageous property that variability can be achieved without incurring significant penalty in terms of chromatic degradation. We show this by comparison to an alternative system where additional quadrupoles are utilised to enable variation of momentum compaction. Each of these alternative approaches are being considered in the context of an upgrade of the MAX IV linac, Sweden, to enable a soft X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) in addition to its existing functions.
description: 9 pages
Globally accurate potential energy surface for PH2 + (11 A′) by using the switching function formalism
Creators: name: Y. L. Lü
name: S. J. Chai
name: H. Y. Ma
name: S. B. Gao
name: Y. Q. Li
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: As an intermediate product of phosphorus compounds in astrophysical chemistry, PH2+(11A′) has great significance in research on the PHn+ (n=0−4) systems. However, as a basis for studying its reaction mechanisms, PH2+(11A′) lacks an accurate global potential energy surface (PES) and related dynamic reports. In this investigation, based on a multi-reference configuration interaction approach with Davidson correction, an accurate global many-body expansion PES for PH2+ in its ground state was reported by fitting extensive ab initio energies, as calculated with the correlation-consistent basis set aug-cc-pVQZ. Meanwhile, the switching function formalism was adopted to explain and distinguish the transformation between P+(1D) and P+(3P) in one-body energy terms, which ensured the correct dissociation channel in the reaction process of P+(1D)+H2({X}1Σg+)→PH+(X2Π)+H(2S). The topographical characteristics of the title system PES were meticulously contrasted with those in other literature reports, which were consistent with previous experimental and theoretical values. Subsequently, the time-dependent wave packet approach was adopted to calculate the reaction probability and integral cross-section for the reaction P+(1D)+H2({X}1Σg+)(v=0,j=0)→PH+(X2Π)+H(2S) to verify the accuracy of the new PES. This dynamics study may help to further explain the thermochemical reactions of phosphorus-containing molecules in interstellar media.
Testing Models of the Individual and Cosmological Evolutions of Powerful Radio Galaxies
Creators: name: Barai, Paramita
name: Wiita, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We seek to develop an essentially analytical model for the evolution of Fanaroff-Riley Class II radio galaxies as they age individually and as their numbers vary with cosmological epoch. Such modeling is required in order to probe in more detail the impact of radio galaxies on the growth of structures in the universe, which appears likely to have been quite significant at z > 1. In this first paper of a series we compare three rather sophisticated analytical models for the evolution of linear size and lobe power of FR II radio galaxies, those of Kaiser, Dennett-Thorpe & Alexander (1997), Blundell, Rawlings & Willott (1999), and Manolakou & Kirk (2002). We perform multi-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations in order to compare the predictions of each model for radio powers, sizes, redshifts and spectral indices with data. The observational samples used here are the low frequency radio surveys, 3CRR, 6CE and 7CRS, which are flux-limited and complete. We search for and describe the best parameters for each model, after doing statistical tests on them. We find that no existing model can give acceptable fits to all the properties of the surveys considered, although the Kaiser, Dennett-Thorpe & Alexander (1997) model gives better overall results than do the Manolakou & Kirk (2002) or Blundell, Rawlings & Willott (1999) models for most of the tests we performed. We suggest ways in which these models may be improved.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures; substantially improved version, with additional statistical tests; to appear in MNRAS
Determinants of agricultural cash rents in Germany: A spatial econometric analysis for farm-level data
Creators: name: Breustedt, Gunnar
name: Habermann, Hendrik
name: Breustedt, Gunnar
name: Habermann, Hendrik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Cash rent
subject: farm-level data
subject: spatial econometrics

description: We empirically analyse the determinants of cash rent levels for agricultural land in Lower Saxony, Germany. We are the first to apply a spatial econometrics approach that accounts for two types of spatial dependence simultaneously to cash rent data at the farm-level. Our empirical results underline the usefulness of such an approach. Farm characteristics which serve as a proxy for the marginal value of rented acreage for the tenant as well as variables which represent local competition on the land market are significant. Among the farm characteristics, operating revenue per hectare, share of high-value crops, soil quality, share of rented acreage, share of arable land relative to rented acreage, and animal density are significant while, ceteris paribus, neither labour nor machinery/buildings per hectare nor farm size are significant. In particular, animal density at the regional level increases the cash rent, underlining the importance of local competition on the land market. The analysis also shows that subsidies which foster competition among farmers for rented land boost landlords’ incomes. Thus, evaluation of set-aside programs or evaluation of public support for investment in pig or poultry production or renewable energies has to take such side-effects into account.
Assessment of sustainability in organic and conventional farms in Tunisia: The case of olive-growing farms in the region of Sfax
Creators: name: Laajimi, Abderraouf
name: Ben Nasr, J.
name: Guesmi, Anis
name: Laajimi, Abderraouf
name: Ben Nasr, J.
name: Guesmi, Anis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: sustainability
subject: organic farming
subject: Tunisia

description: This research has been carried out to study the sustainability of the Tunisian olive-growing farms and to compare the sustainability level of organic with conventional farms. A survey was conducted with 62 olive growers in the region of Sfax in Tunisia. First, a diagnosis of the situation of the farms was undertaken comparing between organic and conventional farms. Second, an empirical analysis was achieved to asses the sustainability of organic farms versus conventional farms following the French “IDEA” method developed by Vilain [1] 1. The “IDEA” indicators showed a greater ranking for the organic farms. The analysis indicated the sustainability of organic farming on the three scales adopted; ecological scale, through the soil fertility and reduction of pollution, socio-territorial scale through employment creation, reinforcement of the spirit of collective work and the products quality, and finally on the economic scale by enhancing profitability, responding to demand and prices allowing organic farming adopters to reach better incomes.
System-adapted correlation energy density functionals from effective pair interactions
Creators: name: Gori-Giorgi, Paola
name: Savin, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present and discuss some ideas concerning an ``average-pair-density functional theory'', in which the ground-state energy of a many-electron system is rewritten as a functional of the spherically and system-averaged pair density. These ideas are further clarified with simple physical examples. We then show that the proposed formalism can be combined with density functional theory to build system-adapted correlation energy functionals. A simple approximation for the unknown effective electron-electron interaction that enters in this combined approach is described, and results for the He series and for the uniform electron gas are briefly reviewed.
description: to appear in Phil. Mag. as part of Conference proceedings for the "Electron Correlations and Materials Properties", Kos Greece, July 5-9, 2004
Latent-space time evolution of non-intrusive reduced-order models using Gaussian process emulation
Creators: name: Maulik, Romit
name: Botsas, Themistoklis
name: Ramachandra, Nesar
name: Mason, Lachlan Robert
name: Pan, Indranil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Non-intrusive reduced-order models (ROMs) have recently generated considerable interest for constructing computationally efficient counterparts of nonlinear dynamical systems emerging from various domain sciences. They provide a low-dimensional emulation framework for systems that may be intrinsically high-dimensional. This is accomplished by utilizing a construction algorithm that is purely data-driven. It is no surprise, therefore, that the algorithmic advances of machine learning have led to non-intrusive ROMs with greater accuracy and computational gains. However, in bypassing the utilization of an equation-based evolution, it is often seen that the interpretability of the ROM framework suffers. This becomes more problematic when black-box deep learning methods are used which are notorious for lacking robustness outside the physical regime of the observed data. In this article, we propose the use of a novel latent-space interpolation algorithm based on Gaussian process regression. Notably, this reduced-order evolution of the system is parameterized by control parameters to allow for interpolation in space. The use of this procedure also allows for a continuous interpretation of time which allows for temporal interpolation. The latter aspect provides information, with quantified uncertainty, about full-state evolution at a finer resolution than that utilized for training the ROMs. We assess the viability of this algorithm for an advection-dominated system given by the inviscid shallow water equations.
STACKED
Creators: name: Graamans, Luuk
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2021

description: Expanding cities across the world rely increasingly on the global food network, but should they? Population growth, urbanisation and climate change place pressure on this network, bringing its resilience into question. For decades urban agriculture has been discussed in popular media and academia as a potential solution to improve food security, quality and sustainability. The new idol in this discussion is the plant factory: A fully closed system for crop production. Arrays of LEDs provide light and hydroponics provide water and nutrients to vertically stacked layers of crops, hence the term vertical farming. The plant factory features more extensive climate control than high-tech greenhouses. The question remains whether this level of climate control is necessary, effective and/or efficient. The scope of this research is therefore to investigate the potential and limitations of plant factories for urban food production. The STACKED method was developed to address the performance of plant factories across multiple scales, from leaf to facility to city. The role of plant processes in the total energy balance was outlined first. Performance was assessed by analysing the resource requirements, including energy, electricity, water, CO2 and land area use, for the production of fresh vegetables. The impact of façade and cooling system design was analysed in detail. Lastly, the effects of local food production on the urban energy balance were assessed for various scenarios. The results of this dissertation can serve as a foundation for future studies on the application of plant factories in both theoretical and real world applications.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 06 (2021): STACKED
Supplemental Results, Discussion, Figures and Tables, and Data Analysis Pipeline. from Riddles in the cold: Antarctic endemism and microbial succession impact methane cycling in the Southern Ocean
Creators: name: Thurber, Andrew R.
name: Seabrook, Sarah A.
name: Welsh, Rory M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology

description: Antarctica is estimated to contain as much as a quarter of earth's marine methane, however we have not discovered an active Antarctic methane seep limiting our understanding of the methane cycle. In 2011, an expansive (70 m × 1 m) microbial mat formed at 10 m water depth in the Ross Sea, Antarctica which we identify here to be a high latitude hydrogen sulfide and methane seep. Through 16S rRNA gene analysis on samples collected 1 year and 5 years after the methane seep formed, we identify the taxa involved in the Antarctic methane cycle and quantify the response rate of the microbial community to a novel input of methane. One year after the seep formed, ANaerobic MEthane oxidizing archaea (ANME), the dominant sink of methane globally, were absent. Five years later, ANME were found to make up to 4% of the microbial community, however the dominant member of this group observed (ANME-1) were unexpected considering the cold temperature (−1.8°C) and high sulphate concentrations (greater than 24 mM) present at this site. Additionally, the microbial community had not yet formed a sufficient filter to mitigate the release of methane from the sediment; methane flux from the sediment was still significant at 3.1 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1. We hypothesize that this 5 year time point represents an early successional stage of the microbiota in response to methane input. This study provides the first report of the evolution of a seep system from a non-seep environment, and reveals that the rate of microbial succession may have an unrealized impact on greenhouse gas emission from marine methane reservoirs.
Resurgent Analysis for Some 3-manifold Invariants
Creators: name: Chung, Hee-Joong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study resurgence for some 3-manifold invariants when $G_{\mathbb{C}}=SL(2, \mathbb{C})$. We discuss the case of an infinite family of Seifert manifolds for general roots of unity and the case of the torus knot complement in $S^3$. Via resurgent analysis, we see that the contribution from the abelian flat connections to the analytically continued Chern-Simons partition function contains the information of all non-abelian flat connections, so it can be regarded as a full partition function of the analytically continued Chern-Simons theory on 3-manifolds $M_3$. In particular, this directly indicates that the homological block for the torus knot complement in $S^3$ is an analytic continuation of the full $G=SU(2)$ partition function, i.e. the colored Jones polynomial.
description: 42 pages, 4 figures
An adapted filter function for density split statistics in weak lensing
Creators: name: Burger, Pierre
name: Schneider, Peter
name: Demchenko, Vasiliy
name: Harnois-Deraps, Joachim
name: Heymans, Catherine
name: Hildebrandt, Hendrik
name: Unruh, Sandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The density split statistics in weak gravitational lensing analyses probes the correlation between regions of different (foreground) galaxy number densities and their weak lensing signal, measured by the shape distortion of background galaxies. Aims. In this paper, we reconsider density split statistics, by constructing a new angular filter function that is adapted to the expected relation between galaxy number density and shear pattern, in a way that the filter weighting the galaxy number density is matched to the filter that is used to quantify the shear signal. Methods. We use the results of numerical ray-tracing simulations, specifically through Millennium Simulation supplemented by a galaxy distribution based on a semi-analytic model, to construct a matched pair of adapted filter functions for the galaxy density and the tangential shear signal. We compare the performance of our new filter to the previously used top-hat filter, applying both to a different and independent set of numerical simulations (SLICS, cosmo-SLICS). Results. We show that the adapted filter yields a better correlation between the total matter and the galaxy distribution. Furthermore, the adapted filter provides a larger signal-to-noise ratio to constrain the bias between the total matter and the galaxy distribution, and we show that it is, in general, a more sensitive discriminator between different cosmologies, with the exception of cosmologies with very large $σ_8$ values. All analyses lead to the conclusion that our adapted filter should be favored in future density split statistic works.
description: 13 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication by A&A