cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Direct multiple shooting and direct collocation perform similarly in biomechanical predictive simulations
Creators: name: Puchaud, P.
name: Bailly, F.
name: Begon, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Direct multiple shooting (DMS) and direct collocation (DC) are two common transcription methods for solving optimal control problems (OCP) in biomechanics and robotics. They have rarely been compared in terms of solution and speed. Through five examples of predictive simulations solved using five transcription methods and 100 initial guesses in the Bioptim software, we showed that not a single method outperformed systematically better. All methods converged to almost the same solution (cost, states, and controls) in all but one OCP, with several local minima being found in the latter. Nevertheless, DC based on fourth-order Legendre polynomials provided overall better results, especially in terms of dynamic consistency compared to DMS based on a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Furthermore, expressing the rigid-body constraints using inverse dynamics was usually faster than forward dynamics. DC with dynamics constraints based on inverse dynamics converged to better and less variable solutions. Consequently, we recommend starting with this transcription to solve OCPs but keep testing other methods.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Noise bias in weak lensing shape measurements
Creators: name: Refregier, Alexandre
name: Kacprzak, Tomasz
name: Amara, Adam
name: Bridle, Sarah
name: Rowe, Barnaby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak lensing experiments are a powerful probe of cosmology through their measurement of the mass distribution of the universe. A challenge for this technique is to control systematic errors that occur when measuring the shapes of distant galaxies. In this paper we investigate noise bias, a systematic error that arises from second order noise terms in the shape measurement process. We first derive analytical expressions for the bias of general Maximum Likelihood Estimators (MLEs) in the presence of additive noise. We then find analytical expressions for a simplified toy model in which galaxies are modeled and fitted with a Gaussian with its size as a single free parameter. Even for this very simple case we find a significant effect. We also extend our analysis to a more realistic 6-parameter elliptical Gaussian model. We find that the noise bias is generically of the order of the inverse-squared signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the galaxies and is thus of the order of a percent for galaxies of SNR of 10, i.e. comparable to the weak lensing shear signal. This is nearly two orders of magnitude greater than the systematics requirements for future all-sky weak lensing surveys. We discuss possible ways to circumvent this effect, including a calibration method using simulations discussed in an associated paper.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Doping asymmetry in the three-band Hamiltonian for cuprate ladders: failure of the standard model of superconductivity in cuprates
Creators: name: Song, Jeong-Pil
name: Mazumdar, Sumit
name: Clay, R. Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relevance of the single-band two-dimensional Hubbard model to superconductivity in the doped cuprates has recently been questioned, based on Density matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) computations on extended t-J models that found superconductivity over unrealistically broad doping region upon electron-doping, yet complete absence of superconductivity for hole-doping. We report very similar results from DMRG calculations on Cu$_2$O$_3$ two-leg ladder within the parent three-band correlated-electron Hamiltonian. The strong asymmetry found in our calculations are in contradiction to the deep and profound symmetry between electron- and hole-doped cuprate superconductors, apart from their critical temperatures, that has been found from recent experiments.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Emitting electrons and source activity in Markarian 501
Creators: name: Mankuzhiyil, Nijil
name: Ansoldi, Stefano
name: Persic, Massimo
name: Rivers, Elizabeth
name: Rothschild, Richard
name: Tavecchio, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the variation of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) of the BL Lac object Mrk 501 as a function of source activity, from quiescent to flaring. Through chi-square-minimization we model eight simultaneous SED datasets with a one-zone Synchrotron-Self-Compton (SSC) model, and examine how model parameters vary with source activity. The emerging variability pattern of Mrk 501 is complex, with the Compton component arising from gamma-electron scatterings that sometimes are (mostly) Thomson and sometimes (mostly) extreme Klein-Nishina. This can be seen from the variation of the Compton to synchrotron peak distance according to source state. The underlying electron spectra are faint/soft in quiescent states and bright/hard in flaring states. A comparison with Mrk 421 suggests that the typical values of the SSC parameters are different in the two sources: however, in both jets the energy density is particle dominated in all states.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in ApJ
Photocatalytic Air Purification: Investigation of Design Parameters
Creators: name: Chen, Yi Fan
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: Engineering--Chemical
subject: photocatalysis

description: This environmental design Master’s Degree Project is influenced by environmental design, chemistry theories, and research and design approaches as taught by the Faculty of Environmental Design at the University of Calgary and Faculty of Engineering at university of Calgary. The project explored possible variables that may influence the performance of a photocatalytic air purifier/reactor prototype to oxidize volatile organic compounds, a key constituent in polluted air. Several experiments were conducted that examined the impact of the following variables: UV intensity and wavelengths, temperature and humidity, surface area and packing density of the quartz fibre used for the oxidizing reaction. Key findings included potential photocatalytic reactor/air purifier performance improvements, reactor design approach and reaction side effects, The findings will help future research and development of a highly effective photocatalytic air purifier.
Implication of GRB 221009A: Can TeV Emission Come from the GRB Prompt Phase?
Creators: name: Wang, Kai
name: Ma, Zhi-Peng
name: Liu, Ruo-Yu
name: Zou, Yuan-Chuan
name: Li, Zhuo
name: Dai, Zi-Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the B.O.A.T. ("brightest of all time") gamma-ray burst, dubbed GRB 221009A, was detected by various instruments. Unprecedentedly, the GRB presented very-high-energy (VHE, energy above 0.1 TeV) gamma-ray emission with energy extending above 10 TeV, as reported by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). We here demonstrate that the VHE and especially >10 TeV emission may originate from the internal hadronic dissipation of the GRB, without the need of invoking any exotic processes as suggested by some previous studies. We also discuss the constraints on the properties of the GRB ejecta from multiwavelength and multi-messenger observations, which favors a magnetically dominated GRB ejecta. The suggested Poynting-flux-dominated GRB ejecta in this work supports the Blandford & Znajek (BZ) mechanism as the possible central engine model of GRB.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, accepted version
Field test of the hybrid photodetector R9792U-40 on the MAGIC camera
Creators: name: Saito, T. Y.
name: Sun, S.
name: Orito, R.
name: Lorenz, E.
name: Mirzoyan, R.
name: Teshima, M.
name: Garczarczyk, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hybrid photodetector (HPD) R9792U-40 has very high peak quantum efficiency ($>50$% at 500 nm), excellent charge resolution and very low after-pulsing probability (500 times less than that of currently used photomultipliers (PMTs)). These features will improve the sensitivity, the energy resolution and the energy threshold of the MAGIC telescope. On the other hand, its high photocathode voltage (-8 to -6 kV), relatively short photocathode lifetime, and relatively large temperature dependence of the gain need to be taken care of. In February 2010, 6 HPDs were installed in a corner of the MAGIC-II camera for a field test. Here we report the results of the field test and our future plans.
description: Contribution to the 32nd ICRC, Beijing, China, August 2011
Investigating the Phenomenon of School Integration: The Experiences of Pre-Service Teachers Working with Newcomer Youth
Creators: name: Nathoo, Jasmine Alia
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Education--Bilingual and Multicultural
subject: Educational Psychology
subject: Education--Guidance and Counseling
subject: Immigration
subject: Youth
subject: education
subject: Newcomers
subject: Pre-service teachers
subject: Schools
subject: Teaching

description: Newcomer youth arriving in Canada face academic, cultural, and language barriers as they navigate the school system (Rossiter & Rossiter, 2009). Students have identified teachers as their main source of support throughout the process of school integration (Gallucci, 2016). However, research has demonstrated that teachers feel unprepared to meet the unique needs of newcomer students (Gándara, Maxwell-Jolly, & Driscoll, 2005). The current study explores the phenomenon of school integration, from the perspectives of pre-service teachers. Employing a descriptive phenomenological methodology, interviews were conducted with ten pre-service teachers. The research question addressed was: How do pre-service teachers perceive and describe their experiences of working with newcomers who are integrating into high school in Canada? Data analysis revealed five general structures, (a) understanding culture and background, (b) supporting language transition, (c) adapting/modifying teaching style, (d) teacher preparation, and (e) roles additional to teaching. Implications for teachers and service providers are presented, and directions for future research are explored.
title: Relocatie Sterneneiland Zeebrugge: deelrapport 1. Hydromorfologische analyse
Creators: name: De Maerschalck, Bart
name: Plancke, Yves
Publisher: name: Flanders Hydraulics
Year: 2023

description: Title : WL Rapporten. Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium: Antwerpen. Volume : 22_080_1 Issue : Pagination : VI, 13 + 20 p. bijl.
Model-based Analysis of Software Requirements for Distributed Software Systems
Creators: name: Moshirpour, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Science
subject: software engineering
subject: Distributed systems
subject: Emergent behavior
subject: Behavior modeling
subject: Multi-agent systems
subject: Scneario-based Specifications
subject: Requirement engineering
subject: Software design and architecture
subject: Sequence diagrams
subject: Message sequence charts
subject: Clustering

description: Requirement elicitation is one of the most challenging stages of the software development lifecycle. Many bugs are introduced into the system as the result of incomplete or inconsistent requirements. Literature reports that detecting and removing unwanted behaviors during the design phase of a software system is about 20 times cheaper than finding them during the deployment phase. Moreover, planning the architecture and design of the system based on the requirements is a challenging task and is usually done using ad-hoc methodologies. However manual review of the system requirements is time consuming and inefficient, particularly for larger systems. Therefore, devising automated and systematic methodologies to analyze and verify software requirements is necessary. Automating the process of software analysis is a challenging task because each software system requires its own domain knowledge. The existing approaches often require a great number of assumptions and inputs from the system engineer familiar with the domain. This research focuses on automating the process of modeling, analyzing, detecting, and resolving emergent behavior in distributed systems. We propose a framework to analyze and verify software system requirements with a substantially increased level of automation and consistency, as well as reduced human intervention. This framework employs an ontology-based methodology to analyze system requirements expressed by a set of scenarios. This methodology involves the automatic construction of a domain-specific ontology of the system, which is used in the analysis of system requirements. The data generated from this framework can be used to assist system engineers in constructing the design and architecture of the system. The devised methodologies from this research have been developed into a software analysis tool (EBD) to automate the process of fault detection. The created framework and tool in the presented research have been used to analyze various real-life systems in this thesis, such as (1) a distributed system for real-time fleet-management; (2) a semantic search engine involving social network of multi-agent systems; and (3) an elevator system. The efficiency and effectiveness of this framework has been demonstrated through case studies and experiments.
Strong Solutions of the Fuzzy Linear Systems
Creators: name: Amrahov, Şahin Emrah
name: Askerzade, Iman N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 03B52, 03E72

description: We consider a fuzzy linear system with crisp coefficient matrix and with an arbitrary fuzzy number in parametric form on the right-hand side. It is known that the well-known existence and uniqueness theorem of a strong fuzzy solution is equivalent to the following: The coefficient matrix is the product of a permutation matrix and a diagonal matrix. This means that this theorem can be applicable only for a special form of linear systems, namely, only when the system consists of equations, each of which has exactly one variable. We prove an existence and uniqueness theorem, which can be use on more general systems. The necessary and sufficient conditions of the theorem are dependent on both the coefficient matrix and the right-hand side. This theorem is a generalization of the well-known existence and uniqueness theorem for the strong solution.
description: 11 pages
Recommending Profitable Taxi Travel Routes based on Big Taxi Trajectory Data
Creators: name: Yang, Wenxin
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science
subject: Geotechnology
subject: GPS-Trajectory
subject: Route Recommendation
subject: kdS-tree
subject: MapReduce

description: Recommending potential profitable routes to reduce the cruising distance of taxis is an active research topic. This thesis first introduces a temporal probability grid network generated from taxi trajectories, where each grid has been assigned two temporal properties: probability and capacity. Two profitable route recommendation algorithms are proposed: the Shortest Expected Cruising Route (SECR) and Adaptive Shortest Expected Cruising Route (ASECR) algorithms. The ASECR algorithm is an extension of SECR that updates profitable routes constantly, and renews the temporal probability grid network dynamically. To handle large amounts of trajectory data and improve the efficiency of constantly updating the routes, a new data structure kdS-tree with a MapReduce model is proposed. Case studies compare the time and distance performances of the ASECR and SECR algorithms with two other methods, i.e. the LCP method and the baseline method. These comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the two proposed algorithms.
Micro-scale Mechanical Metamaterial with a Controllable Transition in the Poisson's Ratio and Band Gap Formation
Creators: name: Dudek, K. K.
name: Martínez, J. A. Iglesias
name: Ulliac, G.
name: Hirsinger, L.
name: Wang, L.
name: Laude, V.
name: Kadic, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to change significantly mechanical and wave propagation properties of a structure without rebuilding it has been one of the main challenges in the field of mechanical metamaterials. This stems from the enormous appeal that, especially in the case of micro-scale systems, such tunable behavior may offer from the perspective of applications ranging from biomedical to protective devices. In this work, a novel micro-scale mechanical metamaterial is proposed that can undergo a transition from one type of configuration to another, with one configuration having a very negative Poisson's ratio, corresponding to strong auxeticity, and the other having a highly positive Poisson's ratio. The formation of phononic band gaps, at the same time, can be controlled, which can be very useful in the design of vibration dampers and sensors. Finally, it is shown experimentally that reconfiguration of the system, leading to a change in its properties, can be induced and controlled remotely through application of a magnetic field, thanks to appropriately distributed magnetic inclusions.
description: This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Advanced Materials: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202210993
CMB and Lyman-$α$ constraints on dark matter decays to photons
Creators: name: Capozzi, Francesco
name: Ferreira, Ricardo Z.
name: Lopez-Honorez, Laura
name: Mena, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter energy injection in the early universe modifies both the ionization history and the temperature of the intergalactic medium. In this work, we improve the CMB bounds on sub-keV dark matter and extend previous bounds from Lyman-$α$ observations to the same mass range, resulting in new and competitive constraints on axion-like particles (ALPs) decaying into two photons. The limits depend on the underlying reionization history, here accounted self-consistently by our modified version of the publicly available {\tt DarkHistory} and {\tt CLASS} codes. Future measurements such as the ones from the CMB-S4 experiment may play a crucial, leading role in the search for this type of light dark matter candidates.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, Version to appear on JCAP. Our modified version of CLASS is available at https://github.com/llopezho/CLASS_DMdecay
Upgraded photon calorimeter with integrating readout for Hall A Compton Polarimeter at Jefferson Lab
Creators: name: Friend, M.
name: Parno, D.
name: Benmokhtar, F.
name: Camsonne, A.
name: Dalton, M.
name: Franklin, G. B.
name: Mamyan, V.
name: Michaels, R.
name: Nanda, S.
name: Nelyubin, V.
name: Paschke, K.
name: Quinn, B.
name: Rakhman, A.
name: Souder, P.
name: Tobias, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photon arm of the Compton polarimeter in Hall A of Jefferson Lab has been upgraded to allow for electron beam polarization measurements with better than 1% accuracy. The data acquisition system (DAQ) now includes an integrating mode, which eliminates several systematic uncertainties inherent in the original counting-DAQ setup. The photon calorimeter has been replaced with a Ce-doped GSO crystal, which has a bright output and fast response, and works well for measurements using the new integrating method at electron beam energies from 1 to 6 GeV.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures
Cenomanian to Eocene Stratigraphy of the Jeanne d'Arc Basin Offshore Newfoundland, Canada, with Detailed Examination of Depositional Architecture of the South Mara Member
Creators: name: Karlzen, Kyle
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geophysics
subject: Paleoecology
subject: Engineering--Petroleum
subject: Jeanne d'Arc Basin
subject: South Mara
subject: Grand Banks
subject: Hydrocarbon
subject: Offshore
subject: Delta
subject: Submarine fan
subject: East coast
subject: Stratigraphy
subject: Seismic
subject: Eocene
subject: Top seal risk
subject: Exploration
subject: Newfoundland
subject: Fox Harbour
subject: Sandstone
subject: Reservoir
subject: Petrophysics
subject: Erosion

description: The South Mara Member in the Jeanne d'Arc Basin offshore Newfoundland, Canada forms significant sand deposits within the post-rift Early Eocene basin. This thesis present through examination of seismic and well data the Cenomanian to Eocene stratigraphy and depositional environments with a detailed examination of transport conduits and depositional architecture of the South Mara Member. South Mara submarine fan deposits are found in the northern basin and deltaic deposits are found in the southern basin. This study proposes north-eastward prograding deltas and mounded pro-delta turbidites were transported through the Cormorant Canyon system onto the peneplain surface on the uplifted Morgiana Anticlinorium. The Cormorant canyons cut into top seals of Lower Cretaceous reservoir units and pose a risk to hydrocarbon exploration of older strata; however, they create hydrocarbon migration pathways between Lower Cretaceous to Eocene reservoir zones.
Roma refugees : international refugee protection and Europe's 'internal outsiders'
Creators: name: Hortsing, Zosia Mira
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The paper is concerned with the position of Roma refugees within the international refugee protection system, and how they face exclusion from asylum in an international context in which migration is represented as a threat to state sovereignty. Specifically, the paper argues that, because of their status both as Roma and as refugees, Roma refugees are represented and treated by states as a double threat to the territorial state order. As a result, they are subject to a unique logic of double exclusion that limits their ability to seek and obtain refugee protection after fleeing persecution in their home states. This exclusion operates at three distinct levels in the international system: within the European Union (EU), harmonized asylum policy among member states prevents Roma refugees from Europe from accessing refugee protection in other EU countries; in non‐European destination countries, states use interdiction measures to prevent refugees from arriving on state territory; and in the refugee determination process itself, some decisionmakers use stereotyping, racial profiling and problematic assessments of ethnicity to unnecessarily reject certain Roma claims. These three levels of exclusion operate simultaneously to limit Roma refugees’ chances of being granted refugee protection under the current system. Furthermore, these mechanisms of exclusion are often framed by a discourse that de-legitimizes Roma refugee claims and portrays these refugees as ‘bogus’ claimants or ‘illegal migrants’ out to take advantage of liberal refugee policy, rather than people potentially fleeing persecution and seeking surrogate protection under international law.
The Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Heavy Oils and Solvents
Creators: name: Ramos-Pallares, Ramon Francisco
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Petroleum
subject: Petroleum
subject: viscosity
subject: thermal conductvity
subject: Modelling
subject: heavy oil
subject: prediction

description: Viscosity and thermal conductivity are related properties and models for both are required for reservoir and process simulation. In most heavy oil processes, the viscosity must be reduced by heating and/or dilution with solvents. To design and optimize these processes, accurate viscosity models are required for both reservoir and process simulation. Current models are challenging to apply to heavy oils. Thermal conductivity is required for the simulation of heat exchange operations in refineries. Current models are either intended for liquid phases or computationally intensive. This thesis presents the development of predictive viscosity and thermal conductivity models for reservoir and process simulation. The models were developed based on an experimental dataset collected in this thesis that includes the viscosity and thermal conductivity of whole and diluted heavy oils, partially deasphalted oils, asphaltenes, distillation cuts and pure hydrocarbons. The Expanded Fluid (EF) and the Generalized Walther (GW) viscosity models were updated to predict the viscosity of whole and diluted crude oils and their fractions (such as deasphalted oils). The EF model is suitable for process simulation and is applicable across the whole phase diagram. The required inputs are a distillation assay, the oil specific gravity, experimental or predicted fluid density at the process conditions, and pressure. The GW model is suitable for reservoir simulation and is only applicable to liquids well below their critical point. The inputs are a distillation assay, the oil specific gravity, temperature, and pressure. The EF concept was also used to develop a thermal conductivity model suitable for process simulation using the same inputs as the EF viscosity model. The updated EF and GW viscosity models and the EF thermal conductvity model are applicable to crude oils over a wide range of API gravities, temperatures and pressures. They have fewer parameters than other models, the parameters have physical significance, and they are easily correlated to fluid properties. The predicted viscosities and thermal conductivities are within 50% and 3% of the experimental values, respectively. The deviations are less than obtained with other available methods. A straightforward tuning procedure allows the models to fit data to within the experimental error.
Self-Service Monitoring of HPC and Openstack Jobs for Users
Creators: name: Guilbault, Simon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Using correctly the compute capacity of an HPC or Openstack cluster is often a stumbling block for users, especially those from non-traditional domains where a cluster is only a tool and not the subject of their research.
This paper describes a web portal called TrailblazingTurtle built for HPC and Openstack Cluster to let users view the resources used and wasted by their jobs, without having to modify their workflow. The metrics are collected from various data sources on the cluster to enable monitoring at the job and VM level and are presented to the users and staff members as a simple web application. This platform makes it easy for newer users to request the correct quantity of computing resources for their work, see their impact on the shared file system, and the evolution of the priority of their group in Slurm.
L1-determined ideals in group algebras of exponential Lie groups
Creators: name: Ungermann, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 43A20, 22D10, 22D20, 22E27

description: A locally compact group $G$ is said to be $\ast$-regular if the natural map $Ψ:\Prim C^\ast(G)\to\Prim_{\ast} L^1(G)$ is a homeomorphism with respect to the Jacobson topologies on the primitive ideal spaces $\Prim C^\ast(G)$ and $\Prim_{\ast} L^1(G)$. In 1980 J. Boidol characterized the $\ast$-regular ones among all exponential Lie groups by a purely algebraic condition. In this article we introduce the notion of $L^1$-determined ideals in order to discuss the weaker property of primitive $\ast$-regularity. We give two sufficient criteria for closed ideals $I$ of $C^\ast(G)$ to be $L^1$-determined. Herefrom we deduce a strategy to prove that a given exponential Lie group is primitive $\ast$-regular. The author proved in his thesis that all exponential Lie groups of dimension $\le 7$ have this property. So far no counter-example is known. Here we discuss the example $G=B_5$, the only critical one in dimension $\le 5$.
The Impact of Giardia duodenalis on Human Intestinal Microbiota Biofilms: A Role in Chronic Post-infectious Gastrointestinal Disease Development?
Creators: name: Beatty, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Irritable Bowel Syndrome
subject: Microbiome
subject: Giardia duodenalis
subject: polymicrobial

description: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) represents a common cause of altered gastrointestinal function seen in individuals throughout the developed world. Despite its prevalence, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying IBS remain incompletely characterized. Numerous reports indicate post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS)-symptoms in upwards of 36% of patients previously subject to acute enteric infections. Distinct differences in the species distribution of the microbiota of IBS patients are well documented. On the other hand, disruptions in the microbiota structure, which normally exists as a series of biofilm communities, have yet to be analyzed in the context of IBS pathophysiology. Considering PI-IBS, it is inherently important to examine the possibility that disease pathogenesis may be determined by a pathogen-mediated disruption in the homeostatic function of the resident intestinal microbiota. Giardia duodenalis infections (giardiasis) represent a highly prevalent cause of acute diarrheal disease in symptomatic patients, worldwide. Recent outbreaks in Italy and Norway have elucidated a link between inititial Giardia infection, and subsequent development of PI-IBS symptoms in many patients. Giardia represents a novel model that can be used to study the complex polymicrobial interplay that occurs between a pathogen and the resident intestinal microbiota, while also providing insight into the mechanisms thorugh which chronic gastrointestinal disturbances, such as PI-IBS, are initiated. Additionally, much of our understanding of the role of the microbiota in PI-IBS has come from studies focusing on populations collected from fecal samples, or single species, and therefore not entirely representative of the host microbiota composition and biofilm structure. Consequently, an in vitro model system that encompasses the complex community structure, and species distribution of the mucosal mibrobiota, used in concert with an infection model through which poly-microbial interactions can be assessed, represents an important tool in understading the early initiation events underlying PI-IBS development. This work employed the use of a novel model system, representative of the human resident intestinal microbiota, to characterize the impact of G. duodenalis on intestinal microbiota biofilms. Collectively, our findings illustrate the consequences of polymicrobial interactions that occur during acute enteric infection, and offer insight into the mechanisms leading to post-infectious chronic gastrointestinal disorders, such as PI-IBS.
Effects of orbital selective dynamical correlation on the spin susceptibility and superconducting symmetries in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$
Creators: name: Moon, Chang-Youn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the connection between the local electron correlation and the momentum dependence of the spin susceptibility and the superconducting gap functions in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, using density-functional theory combined with dynamical mean-field theory. Adopting frequency-dependent twoparticle vertex moves the zero energy spin susceptibility peaks towards the Brillouin zone center, compared with random-phase approximation which basically retains the peak positions closer to the Brillouin zone boundary as determined by the Fermi-surface nesting. We find that dxy orbital plays a central role here via its enhanced correlation strength. Solving the linearized Eliashberg equation from this spin susceptibility, prime candidates of the superconducting gap symmetry are a s-wave, along with a nearly degenerate d-wave solution, all in spin singlet. Furthermore, another set of degenerate spin singlet gap functions emerges, odd with respect to k-point as well as orbital exchanges. We show that the stability of these gap functions are strongly dependent on the peak position of the spin susceptibility in the Brillouin zone.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
Analysing Temporally Annotated Corpora with CAVaT
Creators: name: Derczynski, Leon
name: Gaizauskas, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present CAVaT, a tool that performs Corpus Analysis and Validation for TimeML. CAVaT is an open source, modular checking utility for statistical analysis of features specific to temporally-annotated natural language corpora. It provides reporting, highlights salient links between a variety of general and time-specific linguistic features, and also validates a temporal annotation to ensure that it is logically consistent and sufficiently annotated. Uniquely, CAVaT provides analysis specific to TimeML-annotated temporal information. TimeML is a standard for annotating temporal information in natural language text. In this paper, we present the reporting part of CAVaT, and then its error-checking ability, including the workings of several novel TimeML document verification methods. This is followed by the execution of some example tasks using the tool to show relations between times, events, signals and links. We also demonstrate inconsistencies in a TimeML corpus (TimeBank) that have been detected with CAVaT.
Apparent dark matter as a non-local manifestation of emergent gravity
Creators: name: Jusufi, Kimet
name: Sheykhi, Ahmad
name: Capozziello, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We disclose a close correspondence between Verlinde's Emergent Gravity (VEG) theory and the non-local gravity theories. Such non-local effects can play crucial role at small distances as well as in large scale structures. In particular, we argue that the emergent gravity effectively is a manifestation of the entanglement entropy and can modify Newton's law of gravity as well as address the flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies. In the cosmological setup, we have considered three different models for the apparent dark matter density. In the first model, we have found that Friedmann equations get modified due to the presence of the apparent dark matter (DM) in such a way that Newton's constant of gravity shifts as $G\rightarrow G\left(1+ζ\right)$, where $ζ$ is a dimensionless small parameter. Using the flat rotating curves we estimate $ζ\sim 10^{-7}$. For such a model, we find out that by rescaling the radial coordinate, $r$, the curvature space constant, $k$, and the scale factor of the universe, $a$, the effect of apparent DM can change the geometry of the universe and can shift the curvature space constant as $k_{\star}=k (1-ζ)$. To this end, we study a more realistic model with evolving densities where we obtain the $Λ$CDM model in Verlinde's gravity and comment on the Hubble tension problem with evolving densities.
description: Accepted for publication in Physics of the Dark Universe
A spectroscopic survey on the multiplicity of high-mass stars
Creators: name: Chini, R.
name: Hoffmeister, V. H.
name: Nasseri, A.
name: Stahl, O.
name: Zinnecker, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of stars above about twenty solar masses and their apparently high multiplicity remain heavily debated subjects in astrophysics. We have performed a vast high-resolution radial velocity spectroscopic survey of about 250 O- and 540 B-type stars in the southern Milky Way which indicates that the majority of stars (> 82%) with masses above 16 solar masses form close binary systems while this fraction rapidly drops to 20% for stars of 3 solar masses. The binary fractions of O- type stars among different environment classes are: clusters (72 \pm 13%), associations (73 \pm 8%), field (43 \pm 13%), and runaways (69 \pm 11%). The high frequency of close pairs with components of similar mass argues in favour of a multiplicity originating from the formation process rather than from a tidal capture in a dense cluster. The high binary frequency of runaway O stars that we found in our survey (69% compared to 19-26% in previous surveys) points to the importance of ejection from young star clusters and thus supports the competitive accretion scenario.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Noctua interjecta Hubner 1803
Creators: name: Wieser, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Noctua
Noctua interjecta

description: Noctua interjecta Hübner, [1803]
Diese Noctuiden-Art wurde bisher für Kärnten nicht publiziert, obwohl es bereits seit längerem Fundmeldungen bzw. Sammlungsbelege gibt. Der erste Beleg findet sich in der Sammlung des Kärntner Landesmuseums aus dem Jahr 1968 von Villach Umgebung (19.8.1968); leg. A. Kau. Der zweite Nachweis stammt aus Klagenfurt Welzenegg vom 17.8.1996 von E. Haas. Neuere Funde werden vom Magdalensberg, Archäologischer Park 8.8.2013; (Barcodekenndaten in BOLD: KLM Lep 01586/ABOLA066-14) und vom Motschulaberg, N Weg, vom 23.7.2015 (alle leg. und det. Wieser) dokumentiert und B. Brudermann konnte am 9.7.2017 in Feistritz an der Drau ein Exemplar fotografieren .
description: Published as part of Wieser, Christian, 2017, Weitere Erstfunde und bemerkenswerte Schmetterlingsnachweise aus Kärnten (Insecta: Lepidoptera), pp. 285-291 in Rudolfinum – Jahrbuch des Landesmuseums für Kärnten 2017 on page 290, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5725317
Noise Reduction And Information Extraction Of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Images
Creators: name: Simon Maia, Rafael
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Science
subject: DECT
subject: dual
subject: Energy
subject: computed
subject: Tomography
subject: noise
subject: reduction

description: With every new generation of computed tomography machinery, big improvements in terms of image quality and acquisition speed were achieved. Nonetheless, a persistent feature of the CT remained: the single energy acquisition of images, which results in images where materials of similar density appear with similar intensity, generating an undesired degree of uncertainty that required other kinds of examinations to be solved. However, it has been known since its invention that the instantaneous acquisition of two or more energies would provide images with better tissue discrimination capabilities and reduce this problem. Nonetheless, it was only in the last 10 years that CT technology became advanced enough to simultaneously acquire images in dual-energy mode. However, it is necessary to keep the radiation dose to the patient equivalent to a single energy CT image, which results in images that are affected by noise and that need especial algorithms to improve the image quality. A particular feature that has also been know since the invention of dual energy CT is the characteristic negative correlation of its material density information discovered by Kalender et al. In this work we developed two algorithms that takes advantage of that discovery. We first created an algorithm using a joint anisotropic diffusion that reduced the amount of noise and improved image quality. Finally, we extended this first algorithm by using an adaptive Wiener filter that better approximated the true mean value of each region and drastically improved image quality even in images that were deeply affected by noise. The proposed techniques were tested in a quantitative way in simulated, real phantom and real patient images to show the improvement in image quality while preserving image information. Finally, we investigated these noise corrected images in the perspective of information extraction, using a modified multi-material decomposition algorithm to obtain a classification of pixel in term of tissue type.
The Australia Telescope Large Area Survey: 2.3 GHz observations of ELAIS-S1 and CDF-S
Creators: name: Zinn, Peter-Christian
name: Middelberg, Enno
name: Norris, Ray P.
name: Hales, Christopher A.
name: Mao, Minnie Y.
name: Randall, Kate E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) aims to image a 7 deg2 region centred on the European Large Area ISO Survey - South 1 (ELAIS-S1) field and the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S) at 1.4 GHz with high sensitivity (up to ~10 \muJy) to study the evolution of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) over a wide range of cosmic time. Aims. We present here ancillary radio observations at a frequency of 2.3 GHz obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The main goal of this is to study the radio spectra of an unprecedented large sample of sources (~2000 observed, ~600 detected in both frequencies). Methods. With this paper, we provide 2.3 GHz source catalogues for both ATLAS fields, with a detection limit of 300 \muJy. We compute spectral indices between 1.4 GHz and 2.3 GHz using matched resolution images and investigate various properties of our source sample in dependence of their spectral indices. Results. We find the entire source sample to have a median spectral index of 0.74, in good agreement with both the canonical value of 0.7 for optically thin synchrotron radiation and other spectral index studies conducted by various groups. Regarding the radio spectral index as indicator for source type, we find only marginal correlations so that flat or inverted spectrum sources are usually powered by AGN and hence conclude that at least for the faint population the spectral index is not a strong discriminator. We investigate relation between spectral index and redshift for our source sample and find no such correlation at all. We do find a significant correlation between redshift and radio to near-infrared flux ratio, making this a much stronger tracer of high-z radio sources. We also find no evidence for a dependence of the radio-IR correlation on spectral index.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication by A&A, Table 2 will be available electronically once published
m6A-ELISA, a simple method for quantifying N6-methyladenosine from mRNA populations.
Creators: name: Ensinck, Imke
name: Sideri, Theodora
name: Modic, Miha
name: Capitanchik, Charlotte
name: Vivori, Claudia
name: Toolan-Kerr, Patrick
name: van Werven, Folkert
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: Model organisms
Gene Expression
Genetics & Genomics
Cell Biology
Cell Cycle & Chromosomes

description: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a widely studied and abundant RNA modification. The m6A mark regulates the fate of RNAs in various ways, which in turn, drives changes in cell physiology, development, and disease pathology. Over the last decade, numerous methods have been developed to map and quantify m6A sites genome-wide through deep sequencing. Alternatively, m6A levels can be quantified from a population of RNAs using techniques such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or thin layer chromatography. However, many methods for quantifying m6A levels involve extensive protocols and specialized data analysis, and often only a few samples can be handled in a single experiment. Here, we developed a simple method for determining relative m6A levels in mRNA populations from various sources based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent-based assay (m6A-ELISA). We have optimized various steps of m6A-ELISA such as sample preparation and the background signal resulting from the primary antibody. We validated the method using mRNA populations from budding yeast and mouse embryonic stem cells. The full protocol takes less than a day, requiring only 25 ng of mRNA. The m6A-ELISA protocol is quick, cost-effective, and scalable, making it a valuable tool for determining relative m6A levels in samples from various sources that could be adapted to detect other mRNA modifications.
Learning Second-Order Attentive Context for Efficient Correspondence Pruning
Creators: name: Ye, Xinyi
name: Zhao, Weiyue
name: Lu, Hao
name: Cao, Zhiguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Correspondence pruning aims to search consistent correspondences (inliers) from a set of putative correspondences. It is challenging because of the disorganized spatial distribution of numerous outliers, especially when putative correspondences are largely dominated by outliers. It's more challenging to ensure effectiveness while maintaining efficiency. In this paper, we propose an effective and efficient method for correspondence pruning. Inspired by the success of attentive context in correspondence problems, we first extend the attentive context to the first-order attentive context and then introduce the idea of attention in attention (ANA) to model second-order attentive context for correspondence pruning. Compared with first-order attention that focuses on feature-consistent context, second-order attention dedicates to attention weights itself and provides an additional source to encode consistent context from the attention map. For efficiency, we derive two approximate formulations for the naive implementation of second-order attention to optimize the cubic complexity to linear complexity, such that second-order attention can be used with negligible computational overheads. We further implement our formulations in a second-order context layer and then incorporate the layer in an ANA block. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method is effective and efficient in pruning outliers, especially in high-outlier-ratio cases. Compared with the state-of-the-art correspondence pruning approach LMCNet, our method runs 14 times faster while maintaining a competitive accuracy.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures; Accepted to AAAI 2023 (Oral)