cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Social response perspective on treatment allocation in psychiatry
Creators: name: Keeley, Kathryn Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Huge mental hospitals are being replaced by smaller psychiatric units in medium and even small community hospitals. This biomedical setting results in pressure to adopt a more biological focus for treatment. It is, therefore, imperative that hospital psychiatry develop an alternative model which retains the social context of mental illness. Social response theory is used to analyze the research findings and to emphasize the need for a social perspective in the development of hospital psychiatry, for institutional health care planning, and for society as a whole. In this study, a cohort of 108 patients admitted to a community hospital psychiatric unit were studied for a period of 2 and 1/2 months. A blend of quantitative and qualitative methods was used. It was found that patient social characteristics, the organization of work, unit norms and community resources were interactive pressures which affected treatment allocation. The study concludes that social response theory is useful in understanding the relationship between treatment allocation and social processes that center around the social characteristics of the patient institution and the community.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Microwave Intensity and Polarization Maps of the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Guan, Yilun
name: Clark, Susan E.
name: Hensley, Brandon S.
name: Gallardo, Patricio A.
name: Naess, Sigurd
name: Duell, Cody J.
name: Aiola, Simone
name: Atkins, Zachary
name: Calabrese, Erminia
name: Choi, Steve K.
name: Cothard, Nicholas F.
name: Devlin, Mark
name: Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J.
name: Dunkley, Jo
name: Dünner, Rolando
name: Ferraro, Simone
name: Hasselfield, Matthew
name: Hughes, John P.
name: Koopman, Brian J.
name: Kosowsky, Arthur B.
name: Madhavacheril, Mathew S.
name: McMahon, Jeff
name: Nati, Federico
name: Niemack, Michael D.
name: Page, Lyman A.
name: Salatino, Maria
name: Schaan, Emmanuel
name: Sehgal, Neelima
name: Sifón, Cristóbal
name: Staggs, Suzanne
name: Vavagiakis, Eve M.
name: Wollack, Edward J.
name: Xu, Zhilei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present arcminute-resolution intensity and polarization maps of the Galactic center made with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). The maps cover a 32 deg$^2$ field at 98, 150, and 224 GHz with $\vert l\vert\le4^\circ$, $\vert b\vert\le2^\circ$. We combine these data with Planck observations at similar frequencies to create coadded maps with increased sensitivity at large angular scales. With the coadded maps, we are able to resolve many known features of the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) in both total intensity and polarization. We map the orientation of the plane-of-sky component of the Galactic magnetic field inferred from the polarization angle in the CMZ, finding significant changes in morphology in the three frequency bands as the underlying dominant emission mechanism changes from synchrotron to dust emission. Selected Galactic center sources, including Sgr A*, the Brick molecular cloud (G0.253+0.016), the Mouse pulsar wind nebula (G359.23-0.82), and the Tornado supernova remnant candidate (G357.7-0.1), are examined in detail. These data illustrate the potential for leveraging ground-based Cosmic Microwave Background polarization experiments for Galactic science.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The study of $B_c^- \to X(3872)π^-(K^-)$ Decays in the Covariant Light-Front Approach
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
name: Shen, Yue-Long
name: Lu, Cai-Dian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the covariant light-front quark model, we calculate the form factors of $B_c^-\to J/ψ$ and $B_c^-\to X(3872)$. Since the factorization of the exclusive processes $B_c^- \to J/ψπ^-(K^-)$ and $B_c^- \to X(3872)π^-(K^-)$ can be proved in the soft-collinear effective theory, we can get the branching ratios for these decays easily from the form factors. Taking the uncertainties into account, our results for the branching ratio of $B_c^-\to J/ψπ^-(K^-)$ are consistent with the previous studies. By identifying X(3872) as a $1^{++}$ charmonium state, we obtain ${\cal BR}(B_c^-\to X(3872)π^-)=(1.7^{+0.7+0.1+0.4}_{-0.6-0.2-0.4}) \times 10^{-4}$ and ${\cal BR}(B_c^-\to X(3872)K^-)=(1.3^{+0.5+0.1+0.3}_{-0.5-0.2-0.3})\times 10^{-5}$. If assuming X(3872) as a $1^{--}$ state, the branching ratios will be one order magnitude larger than those of $1^{++}$ state. These results can be easily used to test the charmonium description for this mysterious meson X(3872) at LHCb experiment.
description: 14 pages, Revtex4, with 1 figure
Impact of the new solar abundances on the calibration of the PMS binary system RS Cha
Creators: name: Alecian, E.
name: Lebreton, Y.
name: Goupil, M-J.
name: Dupret, M-A.
name: Catala, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: In a recent work, we tried to obtain a calibration of the two components of the pre-main sequence binary system RS Cha by means of theoretical stellar models. We found that the only way to reproduce the observational parameters of RS Cha with standard stellar models is to decrease the initial abundances of carbon and nitrogen derived from the GN93 solar mixture of heavy elements by a few tenths of dex. Aims: In this work, we aim to reproduce the observational properties of the RS Cha stars with stellar evolution models based on the new AGS05 solar mixture recently derived from a three-dimensional solar model atmosphere. The AGS05 mixture is depleted in carbon, nitrogen and oxygen with respect to the GN93 mixture. Methods: We calculated new stellar models of the RS Cha components using the AGS05 mixture and appropriate opacity tables. We sought models that simultaneously satisfy the observations of the two components (masses, radii, luminosities, effective temperatures and metallicity). Results: We find that it is possible to reproduce the observational data of the RS Cha stars with AGS05 models based on standard input physics. From these models, the initial helium content of the system is Y~0.255 and its age is ~9.13 +- 0.12 Myr.
description: Research note accepted in A&A, 5 pages, 2 figures
The $pp\to W(\to lν)+γ$ process at next-to-next-to-leading order
Creators: name: Campbell, John M.
name: De Laurentis, Giuseppe
name: Ellis, R. Keith
name: Seth, Satyajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present details of the calculation of the $pp\to W(\to lν) γ$ process at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD, calculated using the jettiness slicing method. The calculation is based entirely on analytic amplitudes. Because of the radiation zero, the NLO QCD contribution from the $gq$ channel is as important as the contribution from the Born $q\bar{q}$ process, disrupting the normal counting of leading and sub-leading contributions. We also assess the importance of electroweak (EW) corrections, including the EW corrections to both the six-parton channel $0\to \bar{u} d νe^+γg$ and the five-parton channel $0\to \bar{u} d νe^+ γ$. Previous experimental results have been shown to agree with theoretical predictions, taking into account the large experimental errors. With the advent of run II data from the LHC, the statistical errors on the data will decrease, and will be competitive with the error on theoretical predictions for the first time. We present numerical results for $\sqrt{s}=7$ and 13 TeV. Analytic results for the one-loop six-parton QCD amplitude and the tree-level seven-parton QCD amplitude are presented in appendices.
description: 59 pages, 13 figures, published version
The effect of stellar-mass black holes on the structural evolution of massive star clusters
Creators: name: Mackey, A. D.
name: Wilkinson, M. I.
name: Davies, M. B.
name: Gilmore, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of realistic N-body modelling of massive star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds, aimed at investigating a dynamical origin for the radius-age trend observed in these systems. We find that stellar-mass black holes, formed in the supernova explosions of the most massive cluster stars, can constitute a dynamically important population. If a significant number of black holes are retained (here we assume complete retention), these objects rapidly form a dense core where interactions are common, resulting in the scattering of black holes into the cluster halo, and the ejection of black holes from the cluster. These two processes heat the stellar component, resulting in prolonged core expansion of a magnitude matching the observations. Significant core evolution is also observed in Magellanic Cloud clusters at early times. We find that this does not result from the action of black holes, but can be reproduced by the effects of mass-loss due to rapid stellar evolution in a primordially mass segregated cluster.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters; 2 figures, 1 table
Contextuality-by-Default description of Bell tests: Contextuality as the rule not as an exception
Creators: name: Kupczynski, Marian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contextuality and entanglement are valuable resources for quantum computing and quantum information. Bell inequalities are used to certify entanglement; thus, it is important to understand why and how they are violated. Quantum mechanics and behavioral sciences teach us that random variables measuring the same content (the answer to the same Yes or No question) may vary, if measured jointly with other random variables. Alice and Bob raw data confirm Einsteinian non-signaling, but setting dependent experimental protocols are used to create samples of coupled pairs of distant outcomes and to estimate correlations. Marginal expectations, estimated using these final samples, depend on distant settings. Therefore, a system of random variables measured in Bell tests is inconsistently connected and it should be analyzed using a Contextuality-by-Default approach, what is done for the first time in this paper. The violation of Bell inequalities and inconsistent connectedness may be explained using a contextual locally causal probabilistic model in which setting dependent variables describing measuring instruments are correctly incorporated. We prove that this model does not restrict experimenters freedom of choice which is a prerequisite of science. Contextuality seems to be the rule and not an exception; thus, it should be carefully tested.
description: Extended and modified published version of the initial article, two sections and several equations were added. 136 references
Angularly Selective Enhanced Vortex Screening in Extremely Layered Superconductors with Tilted Columnar Defects
Creators: name: Rumi, Gonzalo
name: Mosser, Vincent
name: Konczykowski, Marcin
name: Fasano, Yanina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on two mechanisms of angularly selective enhanced screening in the solid vortex phase of extremely layered superconductors with tilted columnar defects (CDs). We study Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ samples with different densities of CD tilted 45$^{\circ}$ from the $c$-axis, and conduct local ac Hall magnetometry measurements, probing the sustainable current of the vortex system. We reveal two types of maxima in sustainable current for particular directions, detected as dips in the magnetic transmittivity of the vortex system. First, for a smaller number of vortices than of defects, an enhancement of screening is detected at an angular location $Θ^{1}_{\rm dip}$$\sim$45$^{\circ}$ for $H$ applied close to the direction of CD. For a larger number of vortices than of CD, $Θ^{1}_{\rm dip}$ decreases towards the $ab$-plane direction upon warming. Second, a pair of additional dips in transmittivity are detected at angles $Θ^{2}_{dip}$ closer to, and quite symmetric with, the $ab$-plane. These two types of angularly selective enhanced screening reveal the effective pinning by tilted CD even for the composite vortex lattices nucleated in tilted fields in Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$.
description: 6 figures
Chemical Abundances of Luminous Cool Stars in the Galactic Center from High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Cunha, Katia
name: Sellgren, Kris
name: Smith, Verne V.
name: Ramirez, Solange V.
name: Blum, Robert D.
name: Terndrup, Donald M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present chemical abundances in a sample of luminous cool stars located within 30 pc of the Galactic Center. Abundances of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and iron were derived from high-resolution infrared spectra in the H- and K-bands. The abundance results indicate that both [O/Fe] and [Ca/Fe] are enhanced respectively by averages of +0.2 and +0.3 dex, relative to either the Sun or the Milky Way disk at near solar Fe abundances. The Galactic Center stars show a nearly uniform and nearly solar iron abundance. The mean value of A(Fe) = 7.59 +- 0.06 agrees well with previous work. The total range in Fe abundance among Galactic Center stars, 0.16 dex, is significantly narrower than the iron abundance distributions found in the literature for the older bulge population. Our snapshot of the current-day Fe abundance within 30 pc of the Galactic Center samples stars with an age less than 1 Gyr; a larger sample in time (or space) may find a wider spread in abundances.
description: ApJ, in press; 30 pages text + 9 color figures
Middleware and Web Services Security Mechanisms
Creators: name: Beznosov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: middleware security
Web services security
Engineering Security Mechanisms

description: Learning objectives:  Gain a working knowledge of the security mechanisms of current Middleware and Web Services technologies.  Overview:  Challenges of designing secure distributed applications are due to distribution, scale and object orientation. The functionalities and capabilities of the security mechanisms of today Middleware and Web Services technologies, such as EJB, COM+, and ASP.NET, are cases suited to addressing these challenges.
Covariant Effective Action for Scalar-Tensor Theories of Gravity
Creators: name: Aashish, Sandeep
name: Panda, Sukanta
name: Tinwala, Abbas Altafhussain
name: Vidyarthi, Archit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the calculation of the divergent part of one-loop covariant effective action for scalar fields minimally and non-minimally coupled to gravity using the generalized Schwinger-DeWitt technique. We derive the field-space metric using Vilkovisky's prescription and obtain new terms in the one-loop corrections which are absent in past literature with trivial choices of field-space metric. We further calculate the covariant versions of past results, obtained using the standard approach, by applying Barvinsky and Vilkovisky's extension to the ordinary Schwinger-DeWitt approach. For completeness, we study the one-loop gravitational corrections for a dilaton-extended two-field Starobinsky model and compare with known results.
description: Separate section for verifications, added on-shell verification; section 3 modified; added references; corrected typos
Dye removal using keggin polyoxometalates assisted ultraﬁ ltration: characterization and UV visible study
Creators: name: Kahloul, Malak
name: Chekir, Jalila
name: Haﬁane, Amor
Publisher: name: Polish Academy of Sciences
Year: 2019
Subjects: ultraﬁltration
polyoxometalates
dye removal
permeate ﬂux
complexation

description: Archives of Environmental Protection is the oldest Polish scientific journal of international scope that publishes articles on engineering and environmental protection. The quarterly has been published by the Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences since 1975. The journal has served as a forum for the exchange of views and ideas among scientists. It has become part of scientific life in Poland and abroad. The quarterly publishes the results of research and scientific inquiries by best specialists hereby becoming an important pillar of science. The journal facilitates better understanding of environmental risks to humans and ecosystems and it also shows the methods for their analysis as well as trends in the search of effective solutions to minimize these risks. The journal is indexed by Thomson Reuters services (Biological Abstract, BIOSIS Previews) and has an Impact Factor 2017 of 1.120
description: To improve dye retention, there is a concurrent interest in the development and optimization of an alternative and promising method for the dye recovery in aqueous solutions. In this regard, considerable attention was paid to the polyoxometalates (POMs) assisted ultraﬁ ltration (POMAUF). The aim of the present study is to eliminate toluidine blue (TB) dye by ultraﬁ ltration membrane using keggin polyoxometalates (POMs) as complexing agents. In the ﬁ rst step, the keggin polyoxometalates K3[PW12O40]∙6H2O(PW12) and K7[PW) were prepared. Then, the obtained powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopies. Afterwards, the removal of toluidine blue (TB) using polyoxometalates assisted ultraﬁ ltration (POMAUF) was studied. Factors affecting the retention of dye and permeate ﬂ ux such as transmembrane pressure, operating time, polyoxometalates concentration, ionic strength, surfactant and pH were investigated. All results of both compounds have been presented and discussed. The results reveal that the addition of POMs leads to an increase in dye retention from 11 to 95% for the PW 12 and to 98% for the PW . The results of this work have thus suggested the promising enhancement of ultraﬁ ltration membrane selectivity for the dye removal using new complexing agents such as POMs in place of polyelectrolytes and surfactants.
Object Security Attributes: Enabling Application-specific Access Control in Middleware
Creators: name: Beznosov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: middleware security
access control
authorization
CORBA
SDMM
attribute function
Engineering Security Mechanisms

description: This presentation makes two primary contributions toward establishing support for application-specific factors in middleware security mechanisms. First, it develops a simple classification framework for reasoning about the architecture of the security mechanisms in distributed applications that follow the decision-enforcement paradigm of the reference monitor. It uses the framework to demonstrate that the existing solutions lack satisfying trade-offs for a wide range of those applications that require application-specific factors to be used in security decisions while mediating access requests. Second, by introducing attribute function in addition to decision and enforcement functions, it proposes a novel scheme for clean separation among suppliers of middleware security, security decision logic, and application-logic, while supporting application-specific protection policies. To illustrate the scheme on a concrete example, we describe its mapping into CORBA Security.
Maria Schröder, Die Beinsättel des 13. bis 17. Jahrhunderts. Reitzeuge als Sinnbilder ritterlich-höfischer Ideale
Creators: name: Prochno-Schinkel, Renate
Publisher: name: 21: Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual
Year: 2025

description: 21: Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual, Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): 21: Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual. Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte und visuellen Kultur
New Interference Effects from Light Gauge Bosons in Neutrino-Electron Scattering
Creators: name: Dev, P. S. Bhupal
name: Kim, Doojin
name: Sinha, Kuver
name: Zhang, Yongchao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that light gauge boson mediators could induce new interference effects in neutrino-electron scattering that can be used to enhance the sensitivity of neutrino-flavor-selective high-intensity neutrino experiments, such as DUNE. We particularly emphasize a destructive interference effect, leading to a deficit between the Standard Model expectation and the experimental measurement of the differential cross-sections, which is prominent only in either the neutrino or the antineutrino mode, depending on the mediator couplings. Therefore, the individual neutrino (or antineutrino) mode could allow for sensitivity reaches superior to the combined analysis, and moreover, could distinguish between different types of gauge boson mediators.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, Journal version, Comments are welcome
Do all states undergo sudden death of entanglement at finite temperature?
Creators: name: Al-Qasimi, Asma
name: James, Daniel F. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the decay of quantum entanglement, quantified by the concurrence, of a pair of two-level systems each of which is interacting with a reservoir at finite temperature T. For a broad class of initially entangled states, we demonstrate that the system always becomes disentangled in a finite time i.e."entanglement sudden death" (ESD) occurs. This class includes all states which previously had been found to have long-lived entanglement in zero temperature reservoirs. Our general result is illustrated by an example.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Curvaton and quantum gravity effect on the tensor to scalar ratio of the chaotic inflation
Creators: name: Suresh, P K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expected tensor-to-scalar ratio estimate of the upcoming CMB mission probe measurements may establish a lower value of the ratio than the currently obtained value. It can be described in terms of a single field chaotic inflation model along with the curvaton or quantum gravity or their combined effect. Consequently, the role of quantum gravity or curvaton in the dynamics of the early universe may not be ruled out. The curvaton scenario and quantum gravity effect can be tested experimentally.
description: To appear in MPLA, Title changed and typoes fixed. 8 pages, 4 figures
Phase Boundary of the Boson Mott Insulator in a Rotating Optical Lattice
Creators: name: Umucalilar, R. O.
name: Oktel, M. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Bose-Hubbard model in a two dimensional rotating optical lattice and investigate the consequences of the effective magnetic field created by rotation. Using a Gutzwiller type variational wavefunction, we find an analytical expression for the Mott insulator(MI)-Superfluid(SF) transition boundary in terms of the maximum eigenvalue of the Hofstadter butterfly. The dependence of phase boundary on the effective magnetic field is complex, reflecting the self-similar properties of the single particle energy spectrum. Finally, we argue that fractional quantum Hall phases exist close to the MI-SF transition boundaries, including MI states with particle densities greater than one.
description: 5 pages,3 figures. High resolution figures available upon request
Flight speeds and energetics of seven bird species
Creators: name: Kolotylo, Rebecca Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Flight speeds of seven bird species, the Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides), White-throated Swift (Aeronautes saxatalis), European Starling (Siurnis vulgaris), Black Tern (Chlidonias nigra), Pigeon Guillemot (Ceppkus columba), and Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegna), were recorded using a Doppler radar handgun. Velocities were measured of adult birds flying to and from foraging areas while rearing young, and totalled 1178 records. Morphological measurements were also made on some of the species and were used, along with literature values, to construct curves of estimated total power required for flight versus flight velocity for each species. The mean observed flight speed, V[sub obs], for each species was then compared to the minimum power speed, V[sub mp], and the maximum range speed, V[sub mr], on the power curve. For five of the seven study species, the V0be was significantly greater than V[sub mr], and thus appeared to be independent of morphology, foraging methods and habitats. The V0bs of the other two species was found to be between V[sub mp] and V[sub mr]for the Pigeon Guillemot and less than V[sub mp] for the Red-necked Grebe. In a more detailed study of the Tree Swallow and the Mountain Bluebird, V[sub obs] was determined to be fairly constant over the recording period. Individual power curves were constructed for five female Mountain Bluebirds and three female Tree Swallows, since both morphological measurements and flight speeds were recorded for these individuals. In each case, V[sub obs]was significantly greater than V[sub mr]. For the bluebird, it was also found that the number of visits to the nest per hour per nestling did not appear to increase with the age of the nestling. The rate of feedings, however, was quite variable for both the Tree Swallow and Mountain Bluebird. By setting the observed flight speed, V0be, equal to. a predicted optimal speed, V[sub obt], the net rate of energy gain during foraging by the parents could be determined. Comparing this energy gain with estimates of nestling energy requirements for both species resulted in the conclusion that the observed speed could not be the same as the optimal speed, and that in order to meet nestling requirements, the parents may increase their feeding rate during other parts of the day not under observation.
title: A Risk Based Approach for Proactive Asset Management of Sewer Structural
Conditions in England and Wales
Creators: name: Tade, OS
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 2021

description: The aim of this research is to create a risk based framework to prioritise proactive investment for sewers in England and Wales. This research proposes a sewer deterioration model that will enhance and not replace the industry’s business as usual process and it also recommends how standard sewer assessment reports can be better utilised to inform business decisions.
The methodology used to complete this research project is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyse a total length of 24,252 km which represents 703,156 records of historic sewer structural condition inspection data. This was used to build an improved deterioration model. Proactive investment (future condition prediction) assessments have been made within Thames Water and other wastewater utilities in the UK. The approaches are reviewed, compared, limitation identified and a robust approach was defined, devising means to mitigate the limitations identified. Existing approaches within and outside the industry to assess sewer condition and model sewer deterioration for risk management was reviewed. Data analytical software such as MATLAB and Tibco Spotfire were used to create an intuitive risk framework that will aid sewer investment decision making.
An improved deterioration model and inspection frequencies for sewers were developed as a premise for proactive investment. This deterioration model and the inspection frequencies were then used to create a risk based framework to help set proactive priorities for sewer management. This would enable sewerage asset owners with large kilometres of sewers to manage the sewerage system more proactively before they reach a critical point and reduce the reliance on industry expert judgement and further surveys. The improved deterioration model and inspection frequencies provided in this research would enable sewer asset managers to determine the most cost-effective time to invest in repairs or replacement. Also, a plausible and reliable validation that was provided would give a high level of confidence in the risk based framework.
title: Das Konzept der Bürgergesellschaft - Eine Herausforderung für die Sozialarbeit?
Creators: name: Barth, Stephan
Publisher: name: Universität Siegen
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Das Konzept der Bürgergesellschaft - Eine Herausforderung für die Sozialarbeit?
Complexity growth of massive black hole with a probe string
Creators: name: Zhou, Yu-Ting
name: Kuang, Xiao-Mei
name: Wu, Jian-Pin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the computational complexity of massive gravity theory via the "Complexity = Action" conjecture. Our system contains a particle moving on the boundary of the black hole spacetime. It is dual to inserting a fundamental string in the bulk background. Then this string would contribute a Nambu-Goto term, such that the total action is composed of the Einstein-Hilbert term, Nambu-Goto term and the boundary term. We shall investigate the time development of this system, and mainly discuss the features of the Nambu-Goto term affected by the graviton mass and the horizon curvature in different dimensions. Our study could contribute interesting properties of complexity.
description: 18 pages; minor revisions, references updated; published version
title: Geschlecht im Diskurs der Fachdidaktik Sachunterricht: Eine explorative Studie
title: Interpretationen des Unterrichtsgegenstandes Geschlecht basierend auf einer Interviewstudie mit Lehrenden des Sachunterrichts und einer Dokumentenanalyse deutscher Sachunterrichtslehrpläne
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Coers, Linya
Publisher: name: Universität Vechta
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sachunterricht
subject: Geschlecht
subject: Unterrichtsgegenstand
subject: DDC Sachgruppen::300 - Sozialwissenschaften::370 - Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen
subject: DDC Sachgruppen::300 - Sozialwissenschaften::300 - Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Im Kontext von Geschlechterforschung und Sachunterrichtsdidaktik werden i.d.R. Unterschiede von Jungen und Mädchen fokussiert, die für das sachunterrichtliche Lernen relevant erscheinen, sowie daraus resultierende Förderungen für einen geschlechtergerechten Sachunterricht. In der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift wird ein anderer Fokus gesetzt, indem Geschlecht als Gegenstand des Lehrens und Lernens und nicht als Einflussfaktor auf Lernprozesse in den Blick genommen wird. Geschlecht wird dabei als soziale Konstruktion und nicht als biologische Tatsache verstanden (vgl. u.a. Gildemeister 2019, Kessler & McKenna 1978, Butler 1991, Hirschauer 1989). Die Arbeit geht der Frage nach, wie der Unterrichtsgegenstand Geschlecht in bildungsadministrativen Vorgaben des Sachunterrichts und von Sachunterrichtslehrkräften interpretiert wird. Um diese Interpretationen zu erfassen, werden in einem triangulativen Design Sachunterrichtslehrpläne qualitativ dokumentenanalytisch untersucht sowie Sachunterrichtslehrpersonen interviewt (qualitative Leitfadeninterviews). Die Analyse beider Teilstudien erfolgt qualitativ inhaltsanalytisch (vgl. Kuckartz 2014, Mayring 2015/2016). Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der Arbeit ist u.a. zu schlussfolgern, dass es im Rahmen der Lehrplanentwicklung Wege zu finden gilt, mit dynamischen, sozialen (Konstruktions- )Prozessen unterliegenden Lerngegenständen umzugehen, deren Sachklärung aufgrund falschen, dominanten Alltagswissens herausfordernd erscheint. Gleichzeitig muss bereits in der Lehrer*innenausbildung für den Sachunterricht soziologisches Fachwissen grundgelegt, der Stellenwert einer Thematisierung von Geschlecht jenseits biologisch-medizinischen Faktenwissens deutlich gemacht und ein Bewusstsein geschaffen werden, vermeintlich sicheres Fachwissen wissenschaftlich ebenso reflektierend zu hinterfragen, wie die eigene Geschlechterrolle und -biographie einer Lehrperson.
Post-bifurcation behaviour of elasto-capillary necking and bulging in soft tubes
Creators: name: Emery, Dominic
name: Fu, Yibin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous linear bifurcation analyses have evidenced that an axially stretched soft cylindrical tube may develop an infinite-wavelength (localised) instability when one or both of its lateral surfaces are under sufficient surface tension. Phase transition interpretations have also highlighted that the tube admits a final evolved "two-phase" state. How the localised instability initiates and evolves into the final "two-phase" state is still a matter of contention, and this is the focus of the current study. Through a weakly non-linear analysis conducted for a general material model, the initial sub-critical bifurcation solution is found to be localised bulging or necking depending on whether the axial stretch is greater or less than a certain threshold value. At this threshold value, an exceptionally super-critical kink-wave solution arises in place of localisation. A thorough interpretation of the anticipated post-bifurcation behaviour based on our theoretical results is also given, and this is supported by Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations.
Exponential Formulas, Normal Ordering and the Weyl-Heisenberg Algebra
Creators: name: Meljanac, Stjepan
name: Štrajn, Rina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a class of exponentials in the Weyl-Heisenberg algebra with exponents of type at most linear in coordinates and arbitrary functions of momenta. They are expressed in terms of normal ordering where coordinates stand to the left from momenta. Exponents appearing in normal ordered form satisfy differential equations with boundary conditions that could be solved perturbatively order by order. Two propositions are presented for the Weyl-Heisenberg algebra in 2 dimensions and their generalizations in higher dimensions. These results can be applied to arbitrary noncommutative spaces for construction of star products, coproducts of momenta and twist operators. They can also be related to the BCH formula.
An updated dark energy view of inflation
Creators: name: Castello, Sveva
name: Ilić, Stéphane
name: Kunz, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present epoch of accelerated cosmic expansion is supposed to be driven by an unknown constituent called dark energy, which in the standard model takes the form of a cosmological constant, characterized by a constant equation of state w=-1. An interesting perspective over the role and nature of dark energy can be achieved by drawing a parallel with a previous epoch of accelerated expansion, inflation, which we assume to be driven by a single scalar field, the inflaton. Since the Planck satellite has constrained the value of $n_s$ away from 1, the inflaton cannot be identified with a pure cosmological constant, as is also suggested by the fact that inflation ended. Thus, it is interesting to verify whether a hypothetical observer would have been able to measure the deviation of the w of the inflaton from -1. To do so, we consider a class of single-field slow-roll inflationary models dubbed HSR{i}, where the hierarchy of Hubble slow-roll parameters is truncated at the i-th order. The models are tested through a MCMC analysis based on combinations of the latest Planck and BICEP2/Keck data sets, and the resulting chains are converted into sets of allowed evolution histories of w. HSR{1} is excluded observationally since it would predict that $n_s=1$, in contrast with the recent Planck constraints, while we find that HSR{2} would prefer w>-1, but is disfavoured by the addition of the BICEP2/Keck data. The overall best description for the data is provided by HSR{3}, which yields a 68% upper bound of 1+w<0.0014. Therefore, if the current era of accelerated expansion happens to have the same equation of state as inflation during the observable epoch, then current and upcoming cosmological observations will not be able to detect that w$\neq$-1. This provides a cautionary tale for drawing conclusions about the nature of dark energy on the basis of the non-observation of a deviation from w=-1.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; updated to match published version
Assessment of microbial contamination of atmospheric air in a selected wastewater treatment plant
Creators: name: Paśmionka, Iwona B.
Publisher: name: Polish Academy of Sciences
Year: 2019
Subjects: bioaerosols
sewage treatment plant
microbial contamination
atmospheric air

description: Archives of Environmental Protection is the oldest Polish scientific journal of international scope that publishes articles on engineering and environmental protection. The quarterly has been published by the Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences since 1975. The journal has served as a forum for the exchange of views and ideas among scientists. It has become part of scientific life in Poland and abroad. The quarterly publishes the results of research and scientific inquiries by best specialists hereby becoming an important pillar of science. The journal facilitates better understanding of environmental risks to humans and ecosystems and it also shows the methods for their analysis as well as trends in the search of effective solutions to minimize these risks. The journal is indexed by Thomson Reuters services (Biological Abstract, BIOSIS Previews) and has an Impact Factor 2017 of 1.120
description: The aim of the research was to determine the microbiological quality of atmospheric air in the Tuchów Sewage Treatment Plant, based on the presence of mesophilic bacteria, α- and β-hemolytic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. Bioaerosol measurements were made at four points (raw sewage inlet, aeration chamber, puriﬁ ed sewage outlet and 150 m from the treatment plant, at the background point) in the period from January to December 2018. Bioaerosol samples were collected using Andersen’s 6-stage cascade impactor. The tested atmospheric air was characterized by a qualitatively and quantitatively diverse microﬂ ora. The highest amounts of all the studied groups of microorganisms were found at the raw sewage inlet, and in the case of actinomycetes, also twice in the place of biological puriﬁcation. However, there were analyzes in which a higher concentration of microorganisms was observed outside the treatment plant at the control point constituting the background. This applies to bacteria and fungi. The largest source of emission of microorganisms to the atmosphere was the mechanical part of the sewage treatment plant (raw sewage inlet). The tested treatment plant may therefore contribute to the deterioration of the quality of the atmospheric air.
Fréchet differentiable drift dependence of Perron–Frobenius and Koopman operators for non-deterministic dynamics
Creators: name: Koltai, Péter
name: Lie, Han Cheng
name: Plonka, Martin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: stochastic differential equations
subject: transfer operator
subject: Koopman operator
subject: Perron–Frobenius operator
subject: smooth drift dependence
subject: linear response
subject: pathwise expectations
subject: Mathematics Subject Classification numbers: 37H99, 47H30, 58C20, 60H07, 60H10
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: We prove the Fréchet differentiability with respect to the drift of Perron–Frobenius and Koopman operators associated to time-inhomogeneous ordinary stochastic differential equations. This result relies on a similar differentiability result for pathwise expectations of path functionals of the solution of the stochastic differential equation, which we establish using Girsanov's formula. We demonstrate the significance of our result in the context of dynamical systems and operator theory, by proving continuously differentiable drift dependence of the simple eigen- and singular values and the corresponding eigen- and singular functions of the stochastic Perron–Frobenius and Koopman operators.
Chiral Polarization Textures Induced by the Flexoelectric Effect in Ferroelectric Nanocylinders
Creators: name: Morozovska, Anna N.
name: Hertel, Riccardo
name: Cherifi-Hertel, Salia
name: Reshetnyak, Victor Yu.
name: Eliseev, Eugene A.
name: Evans, Dean R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polar chiral structures have recently attracted much interest within the scientific community, as they pave the way towards innovative device concepts similar to the developments achieved in nanomagnetism. Despite the growing interest, many fundamental questions related to the mechanisms controlling the appearance and stability of ferroelectric topological structures remain open. In this context, ferroelectric nanoparticles provide a flexible playground for such investigations. Here, we present a theoretical study of ferroelectric polar textures in a cylindrical core-shell nanoparticle. The calculations reveal a chiral polarization structure containing two oppositely oriented diffuse axial domains located near the cylinder ends, separated by a region with a zero-axial polarization. We name this polarization configuration "flexon" to underline the flexoelectric nature of its axial polarization. Analytical calculations and numerical simulation results show that the flexon's chirality can be switched by reversing the sign of the flexoelectric coefficient. Furthermore, the anisotropy of the flexoelectric coupling is found to critically influence the polarization texture and domain morphology. The flexon rounded shape, combined with its distinct chiral properties and the localization nature near the surface, are reminiscent of Chiral Bobber structures in magnetism. In the azimuthal plane, the flexon displays the polarization state of a vortex with an axially polarized core region, i.e., a meron. The flexoelectric effect, which couples the electric polarization and elastic strain gradients, plays a determining role in the stabilization of these chiral states. We discuss similarities between this interaction and the recently predicted ferroelectric Dyzaloshinskii-Moriya interaction leading to chiral polarization states.
description: 53 pages, 5 figures, supplementary materials on 31 pages
title: Development of an environmentally benign and optimised biodiesel production process
Creators: name: Aboelazayem, O
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 2019

description: The challenges of reducing the world’s excessive dependence on fossil fuels and atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases have led to the development of alternative sustainable biodiesel. Recently, non-catalytic biodiesel production using supercritical technology has received a significant interest due to its numerous advantages including short reaction time, high yield of biodiesel, elimination of catalyst preparation and separation costs and its applicability for various feedstock.
This study has introduced an in-depth assessment for the valorisation of both low and high acid values waste cooking oils (WCO) into biodiesel using supercritical methanolysis. The effects of different process variables have been investigated including methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio, temperature, pressure and time. Both transesterification and esterification reactions have been extensively studied. Different responses have been investigated for this study including overall biodiesel yield, glycerol yield and FFAs conversion. Response surface methodology (RSM) via Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and Central Composite Design (CCD) has been used to investigate the effect of the process variables and their interactions on the reaction responses. In addition, overall reaction kinetics for both transesterification and esterification reactions have been studied where both have been reported as pseudo-first order reactions. Thermodynamics of the reaction has been analysed to report the thermodynamic data of the reaction including Arrhenius constant and activation energy. The kinetic studies have resulted in 50.5 kJ/mol for transesterification reaction and 34.5 kJ/mol for esterification reaction.
Numerical and graphical optimisation have been employed to minimise the process conditions and to maximise the production of biodiesel where the optimal conditions of the low acidity WCO have been developed at M:O molar ratio of 37:1, reaction temperature of 253.5 oC, reaction pressure of 198.5 bar in 14.8 min reaction time for 91% biodiesel yield. However, for high acidity WCO the optimal conditions have been developed at M:O molar ratio of 25:1, reaction temperature of 265 oC and reaction pressure of 110 bar in 20 min for 98% biodiesel yield. Further, this work has developed a heat exchanger network (HEN) that has achieved the optimal process energy requirements based on Pinch method.
Trait‐based approaches reveal fungal adaptations to nutrient‐limiting conditions
Creators: name: Camenzind, Tessa
name: Lehmann, Anika
name: Ahland, Janet
name: Rumpel, Stephanie
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nutrient‐limiting conditions
subject: fungal adaptations
subject: microbial activity
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::577 Ökologie

description: The dependency of microbial activity on nutrient availability in soil is only partly understood, but highly relevant for nutrient cycling dynamics. In order to achieve more insight on microbial adaptations to nutrient limiting conditions, precise physiological knowledge is needed. Therefore, we developed an experimental system assessing traits of 16 saprobic fungal isolates in nitrogen (N) limited conditions. We tested the hypotheses that (1) fungal traits are negatively affected by N deficiency to a similar extent and (2) fungal isolates respond in a phylogenetically conserved fashion. Indeed, mycelial density, spore production and fungal activity (respiration and enzymatic activity) responded similarly to limiting conditions by an overall linear decrease. By contrast, mycelial extension and hyphal elongation peaked at lowest N supply (C:N 200), causing maximal biomass production at intermediate N contents. Optimal N supply rates differed among isolates, but only the extent of growth reduction was phylogenetically conserved. In conclusion, growth responses appeared as a switch from explorative growth in low nutrient conditions to exploitative growth in nutrient‐rich patches, as also supported by responses to phosphorus and carbon limitations. This detailed trait‐based pattern will not only improve fungal growth models, but also may facilitate interpretations of microbial responses observed in field studies.