cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Entropic Lattice Boltzmann Model for Charged Leaky Dielectric Multiphase Fluids in Electrified Jets
Creators: name: Lauricella, Marco
name: Melchionna, Simone
name: Montessori, Andrea
name: Pisignano, Dario
name: Pontrelli, Giuseppe
name: Succi, Sauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37N10, 76D25, 76P05, 76T10

description: We present a lattice Boltzmann model for charged leaky dielectric multiphase fluids in the context of electrified jet simulations, which are of interest for a number of production technologies including electrospinning. The role of non-linear rheology on the dynamics of electrified jets is considered by exploiting the Carreau model for pseudoplastic fluids. We report exploratory simulations of charged droplets at rest and under a constant electric field, and we provide results for charged jet formation under electrospinning conditions.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
Cyber Attacks and Countermeasures in Transactive Energy Market-based Microgrid Systems
Creators: name: DASGUPTA, RUMPA
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460499
subject: Cybersecurity and privacy not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 460603
subject: Cyberphysical systems and internet of things

description: This thesis provides a comprehensive overview that spans from the investigation of false data injection attacks to the analysis of their impacts. It also proposes attack prevention and detection while maintaining the privacy of market participants during energy trading in transactive energy market based system.
Towards Connected Blockchains: An In-Depth Analysis and Improvement of Cross-Chain Communication Protocols
Creators: name: CHERVINSKI, JOAO OTAVIO MASSARI
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460605
subject: Distributed systems and algorithms

description: Blockchain is a transformative technology that enables the creation of databases that are decentralized, transparent and immutable. As a result, blockchains are seen as a promising way to address challenges in areas such as record keeping, product provenance tracking, identity management and finance. However, due to their design, different blockchain systems are unable to communicate directly, significantly limiting their use. My thesis investigates the problem of transferring information between different blockchains. It presents a comprehensive evaluation of existing approaches, their applications and design limitations. Furthermore, it proposes strategies to improve existing systems and provides a foundation for future research.
title: Role of sea ice as a biogeochemically active reservoir of iron and other trace metals
Creators: name: Duprat, LPADM
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2021

description: An increasing body of work has underlined the importance of Antarctic sea ice as a reservoir and source of iron (Fe) to the Southern Ocean, boosting local primary production and carbon export during spring and summer. The impact of Fe in controlling sea-ice and ocean productivity is unequivocal, but other trace metals (TMs) can also regulate productivity. Nevertheless, considerable uncertainty with respect to the pathways, fate and bioavailability of TMs in the sea-ice environment prevents us to accurately model the impact of predicted future changes in sea-ice extent and thickness on Southern Ocean ecosystems and our global climate. The aim of this PhD is to bring new evidence to our present understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of Fe and other bioactive TMs(Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn) in Antarctic coastal land-fast (i.e. sea ice fastened to the coastline, ice shelves or to grounded icebergs) and pack ice (free drifting) and their relationship with regional primary productivity. The main findings from the analyses of TM distributions in sea ice from three field campaigns (SIPEX-2, 2012; Davis, 2015 and AAV2, 2016/17) along the East Antarctic coast are as follows: 1) Primary production in coastal land-fast ice is not Fe-limited during late-spring/early summer, potentially due to the high input of Fe from suspended sediment entrapped during ice formation; 2) Windblown dust from ice-free coastal landmasses can significantly contribute to the total Fe pool in land-fast ice and could become an important source of Fe and potentially other TMs, considering the projected expansion of ice-free areas across the Antarctic landmass by the end of the century; 3) Primary production in East Antarctic (fast and pack) ice is also not Fe-limited during mid-summer. Instead, low concentrations of inorganic nitrogen sources could be the main nutrient limiting sea-ice algal growth at this time of the year; 4) The formation of Fe-rich platelet ice underneath pack ice in proximity to glacial systems with negative ice mass balance (Totten Glacier basin) indicates the potentially large contribution of glacial meltwater to Fe and TM pools in sea ice collected near the coast; and finally, 5) TMs other than Fe are enriched in sea ice relative to seawater from winter/spring to summer. However, this enrichment is not consistent across the TMs analysed. Zinc, Cu and Ni display higher enrichment than Mn, Co and Cd, potentially because of different levels of complexation with organic ligands. High concentrations of dissolved Zn and Cu in sea ice suggest both elements are unlikely to limit sea-ice algae growth. Contrary, their levels could be toxic if they are not appreciably chelated. Free Zn and Cu ion measurements are needed to confirm this hypothesis. This study shows that sea ice serves as a biogeochemically active reservoir not only for Fe but potentially for Zn as well.
Rice Plant Disease Detection and Diagnosis using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks and Multispectral Imaging
Creators: name: Alnaggar, Yara Ali
name: Sebaq, Ahmad
name: Amer, Karim
name: Naeem, ElSayed
name: Elhelw, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Rice is considered a strategic crop in Egypt as it is regularly consumed in the Egyptian people's diet. Even though Egypt is the highest rice producer in Africa with a share of 6 million tons per year, it still imports rice to satisfy its local needs due to production loss, especially due to rice disease. Rice blast disease is responsible for 30% loss in rice production worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to target limiting yield damage by detecting rice crops diseases in its early stages. This paper introduces a public multispectral and RGB images dataset and a deep learning pipeline for rice plant disease detection using multi-modal data. The collected multispectral images consist of Red, Green and Near-Infrared channels and we show that using multispectral along with RGB channels as input archives a higher F1 accuracy compared to using RGB input only.
(501650) Luke Weatherit
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Effects of Missense Mutations on Proteins and Protein-Protein Interactions "A Machine Learning Perspective"
Creators: name: IQBAL, SHAHID
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310299
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310201
subject: Bioinformatic methods development
classificationCode: 461199
subject: Machine learning not elsewhere classified

description: Proteins are fundamental molecules that are responsible for most biological functions. Mutations in these proteins can cause malfunction and affect protein-protein interactions, leading to drug resistance and diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Understanding the effects of these mutations is crucial for creating treatments and engineering drugs. While mutation’s effect can be estimated using experimental technologies such as mass spectrometry, these are often expensive and time-intensive. It is highly desirable to have computational predictors to predict mutation’s effect accurately. This dissertation presents machine-learning approaches to predict and visualize the effect of mutations on proteins and protein-protein interactions.
Completing the physical representation of quantum algorithms provides a quantitative explanation of their computational speedup
Creators: name: Castagnoli, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The usual representation of quantum algorithms, limited to the process of solving the problem, is physically incomplete. We complete it in three steps: (i) extending the representation to the process of setting the problem, (ii) relativizing the extended representation to the problem solver to whom the problem setting must be concealed, and (iii) symmetrizing the relativized representation for time reversal to represent the reversibility of the underlying physical process. The third steps projects the input state of the relativized representation, where the problem solver is completely ignorant of the setting and thus the solution of the problem, on one where she knows half solution (half of the information specifying it when the solution is an unstructured bit string). Completing the physical representation shows that the number of computation steps (oracle queries) required to solve any oracle problem in an optimal quantum way should be that of a classical algorithm endowed with the advanced knowledge of half solution. This fits the major quantum algorithms known today and would solve the quantum query complexity problem.
description: Explicitly addressed the controversial character of the work in an extended discussion,24 pages
Ensemble-based modeling abstractions for modern self-optimizing systems
Creators: name: Töpfer, Michal
name: Abdullah, Milad
name: Bureš, Tomáš
name: Hnětynka, Petr
name: Kruliš, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we extend our ensemble-based component model DEECo with the capability to use machine-learning and optimization heuristics in establishing and reconfiguration of autonomic component ensembles. We show how to capture these concepts on the model level and give an example of how such a model can be beneficially used for modeling access-control related problem in the Industry 4.0 settings. We argue that incorporating machine-learning and optimization heuristics is a key feature for modern smart systems which are to learn over the time and optimize their behavior at runtime to deal with uncertainty in their environment.
description: This is the authors' version of the paper - M. T\"opfer, M. Abdullah, T. Bure\v{s}, P. Hn\v{e}tynka, M. Kruli\v{s}: Ensemble-Based Modeling Abstractions for Modern Self-optimizing Systems, in Proceedings of ISOLA 2022, Rhodes, Greece, pp. 318-334, 2022. The final authenticated publication is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19759-8_20
title: Neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and cortical responses to heart rate variability biofeedback
Creators: name: Pagaduan, JC
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2021

description: Background Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV BFB) is a paced breathing scheme that triggers resonance in the cardiovascular system. Whilst HRV BFB approaches have been administered in performance enhancement settings, there seems to be a scarcity in systematic literature investigating performance parameters under HRV BFB. There is also no meta-analysis that examined the effects of HRV BFB on physiological indices. In addition, there has been no study that explored neuromuscular function in HRV BFB. Lastly, there have been limited underpinnings in vagal afferent pathway with HRV BFB. Aims The overarching aim of this thesis was to carry out a series of pilot studies examining various physiological indices under HRV BFB. To investigate this aim, five studies were undertaken. The purpose of the first study was to conduct a systematic review on the effect of HRV BFB on gross and fine motor performance of athletes. The objective of the second study was to administer a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of HRV BFB on heart rate variability and respiration of athletes. The third study aimed to determine the effect of acute HRV BFB on soleus motoneuron excitability using H-reflex. The fourth study aimed to investigate the effect of HRV BFB on muscle sympathetic nervous activity (MSNA). The purpose of the fifth study was to explore the effect of HRV BFB on vagal afferent pathway utilising heart evoked potentials (HEP). Results Study One: The influence of HRV BFB in fine and gross motor skills in athletes demonstrated conflicting findings. Study Two: HRV BFB reduced the respiration rate of athletes. Study Three: HRV BFB facilitated reduction in soleus motoneuron excitability. Study Four: An acute HRV BFB decreased MSNA compared to spontaneous breathing. Study Five: Significant HEP differences at fronto-parietal (Fp2), frontal (F3, Fz) central (C4), parietal (P7, Pz), occipital (O1, Oz, O2), and parieto-occipital (PO1, PO2) existed between HRV BFB and CON. Specifically, HRV BFB posted higher HEP at Fp2, F3, Fz, C4, and P7 than CON. However, HRV BFB demonstrated lower HEP at Pz, O1, Oz, O2, PO1, Pz, and PO2 compared to CON.
Quantum kinetic equations for the ultrafast spin dynamics of excitons in diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum wells after optical excitation
Creators: name: Ungar, Florian
name: Cygorek, Moritz
name: Axt, Vollrath Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum kinetic equations of motion for the description of the exciton spin dynamics in II-VI diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum wells with laser driving are derived. The model includes the magnetic as well as the nonmagnetic carrier-impurity interaction, the Coulomb interaction, Zeeman terms, and the light-matter coupling, allowing for an explicit treatment of arbitrary excitation pulses. Based on a dynamics-controlled truncation scheme, contributions to the equations of motion up to second order in the generating laser field are taken into account. The correlations between the carrier and the impurity subsystems are treated within the framework of a correlation expansion. For vanishing magnetic field, the Markov limit of the quantum kinetic equations formulated in the exciton basis agrees with existing theories based on Fermi's golden rule. For narrow quantum wells excited at the $1s$ exciton resonance, numerical quantum kinetic simulations reveal pronounced deviations from the Markovian behavior. In particular, the spin decays initially with approximately half the Markovian rate and a non-monotonic decay in the form of an overshoot of up to $10\,\%$ of the initial spin polarization is predicted.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, typographical errors corrected (Erratum published in Phys. Rev. B 96, 239904)
(501651) Alice Weatherit
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Adversarial Regularisation and Knowledge Distillation for Deep Learning Tasks.
Creators: name: VAN NGUYEN, THANH DUC
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 461103
subject: Deep learning
classificationCode: 461101
subject: Adversarial machine learning
classificationCode: 400304
subject: Biomedical imaging
classificationCode: 460304
subject: Computer vision

description: Deep learning has made remarkable progress in various applications. In this thesis, we aim to advance robust machine learning, deep semi-supervised learning, and model compression tasks. We improve these learning tasks by developing adversarial regularisation and knowledge distillation. The first objective is to gain an understanding of adversarial attacks and knowledge distillation. Through this exploration, we provide valuable interpretations and insights into both the adversarial attack mechanism and the knowledge distillation process. The second objective is to develop and enhance adversarial regularisation and knowledge distillation technique. This involves investigating the principle of adversarial regularisation and knowledge distillation to improve robust deep learning, deep semi-supervised learning and model compression tasks.
Deep Variational Information Bottleneck
Creators: name: Alemi, Alexander A.
name: Fischer, Ian
name: Dillon, Joshua V.
name: Murphy, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a variational approximation to the information bottleneck of Tishby et al. (1999). This variational approach allows us to parameterize the information bottleneck model using a neural network and leverage the reparameterization trick for efficient training. We call this method "Deep Variational Information Bottleneck", or Deep VIB. We show that models trained with the VIB objective outperform those that are trained with other forms of regularization, in terms of generalization performance and robustness to adversarial attack.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, Accepted to ICLR17
Kenya Transport-Energy Futures: building transport pathways to support climate-compatible growth in an emerging economy
Creators: name: Dixon, James
name: Pierard, Elena
name: Mwanzia, Patrick
name: Onjala, Joseph
name: Ondanje, Warren
name: Giki, Paschal
name: Brand, Christian
name: Hirmer, Stephanie
name: Dalkmann, Holger
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Proceedings of International Symposium on Transportation Data & Modelling (ISTDM) 2023
Quantum fluctuation theorems, contextuality and work quasi-probabilities
Creators: name: Lostaglio, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the role of contextuality within quantum fluctuation theorems, in the light of a recent no-go result by Perarnau \emph{et al}. We show that any fluctuation theorem reproducing the two-point-measurement scheme for classical states either admits a notion of work quasi-probability or fails to describe protocols exhibiting contextuality. Conversely, we describe a protocol that smoothly interpolates between the two-point measurement work distribution for projective measurements and Allahverdyan's work quasi-probability for weak measurements, and show that the negativity of the latter is a direct signature of contextuality.
description: 5+8 pages, close to published version
(501652) William Burnett
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Securing Graph Neural Networks in Machine Learning as a Service
Creators: name: WU, BANG
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460499
subject: Cybersecurity and privacy not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis focuses on the security issues associated with integrating Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) into Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) provided by cloud services. It explores the practical threats posed by MLaaS, revealing that prediction APIs can inadvertently disclose sensitive details like GNN model parameters and training graphs during inference. The thesis also examines the risks of serving GNNs in the cloud. To counter these threats, the thesis proposes a method for validating GNN model integrity within MLaaS. Additionally, it addresses situations where unauthorized graph data is used during local training of GNNs deployed in the cloud.
Low-Temperature Relative Reflectivity Measurements of Reflective and Scintillating Foils used in Rare Event Searches
Creators: name: Langenkämper, A.
name: Ulrich, A.
name: Defay, X.
name: Feilitzsch, F. v.
name: Lanfranchi, J. -C.
name: Mondragón, E.
name: Münster, A.
name: Oppenheimer, C.
name: Potzel, W.
name: Roth, S.
name: Schönert, S.
name: Steiger, H.
name: Thi, H. H. Trinh
name: Wawoczny, S.
name: Willers, M.
name: Zöller, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate the reflectivity of highly reflective multilayer polymer foils used in the CRESST experiment. The CRESST experiment searches directly for dark matter via operating scintillating CaWO$_4$ crystals as targets for elastic dark matter-nucleon scattering. In order to suppress background events, the experiment employs the so-called phonon-light technique which is based on the simultaneous measurement of the heat signal in the main CaWO$_4$ target crystal and of the emitted scintillation light with a separate cryogenic light detector. Both detectors are surrounded by a highly reflective and scintillating multilayer polymer foil to increase the light collection efficiency and to veto surface backgrounds. While this study is motivated by the CRESST experiment, the results are also relevant for other rare event searches using scintillating cryogenic bolometers in the field of the search of dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay ($0νββ$). In this work a dedicated experiment has been set up to determine the relative reflectivity at 300 K and 20 K of three multilayer foils ("VM2000", "VM2002", "Vikuiti") produced by the company 3M. The intensity of a light beam reflected off the foil is measured with a CCD camera. The ratio of the intensities at 300 K and 20 K corresponds to the relative reflectivity change. The measurements performed in this work show no significant change in the reflectivity with temperature for all foils studied.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
The One-Loop Correction to Heavy Dark Matter Annihilation
Creators: name: Ovanesyan, Grigory
name: Rodd, Nicholas L.
name: Slatyer, Tracy R.
name: Stewart, Iain W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the one-loop corrections to TeV scale dark matter annihilation in a model where the dark matter is described by an SU(2)$_L$ triplet of Majorana fermions, such as the wino. We use this framework to determine the high and low-scale MS-bar matching coefficients at both the dark matter and weak boson mass scales at one loop. Part of this calculation has previously been performed in the literature numerically; we find our analytic result differs from the earlier work and discuss potential origins of this disagreement. Our result is used to extend the dark matter annihilation rate to NLL' (NLL+O($α_2$) corrections) which enables a precise determination of indirect detection signatures in present and upcoming experiments.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures. Corrected counter-term contributions, fixing an issue first noted in 1805.07367. Impact on final results in plots is imperceptible, leaving the conclusions and numerical analysis unchanged
Socio-spatial Learning Analytics
Creators: name: YAN, LIXIANG
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460307
subject: Multimodal analysis and synthesis
classificationCode: 390408
subject: Learning analytics

description: Capturing socio-spatial aspects of learning is vital for classroom orchestration and collaborative learning in complex spaces. Traditional methods like surveys and observations have limitations. This thesis addresses gaps in socio-spatial learning analytics: 1) the need for theory-grounded methodologies, 2) ensuring ecological and statistical validity, and 3) considering learning design. We developed methodologies based on traces from two large-scale studies in authentic learning settings. We also created a framework for socio-spatial learning analytics, incorporating theory, learning design, and evidence-based methods. The findings impact future analytics, emphasising collaborative learning's socio-spatial facets, instructional design effects, and ecological studies. Ethical considerations are also discussed.
title: Teacher engagement and retention in rural public secondary schools in Uganda
Creators: name: Arinaitwe, G
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2021

description: Teacher turnover is persistently an international concern for policy makers, schools and communities. Globally, teacher turnover is seen more often in schools located within low socio-economic status populations, remote or rural areas and for subject specialties including science and mathematics. Teacher turnover imposes costs on education systems and disrupts continuity of students’ learning experience. While the research has been mostly conducted in Western countries, it raises the question of whether teacher retention may be understood differently in non-Western countries where the issue had been neglected. The study explored two research questions: • Why do some teachers stay while others leave Ugandan rural public secondary schools? • How does school and community engagement influence teacher retention in Ugandan rural public secondary schools? The study design was an embedded-single case of rural public secondary school teacher retention in two ‘hard to reach’ districts. The study began with a reconnaissance and mapping exercise of 22 schools, followed by intensive study of four schools and finally looked beyond these schools to a further two schools for trustworthiness of the findings. Interviews were conducted involving teachers, headteachers, and community members, selected using a combination of purposeful and opportunistic sampling techniques. The data were analysed using an iterative thematic approach. Findings show that reasons behind teacher retention are multi-factored and interrelated. Major factors were that teachers perceive rural postings as a ‘golden ticket’ for securing and maintaining a desired Government job; teachers desired rural schools with suitable location amenities, proximity to large urban centres and school pay to supplement what they received from Government; and teachers’ desire to return to home community. Findings further show that a rural teacher’s engagement extends beyond school to community and this relationship is reciprocated by the wider community’s willingness to integrate teachers into community. Rural opportunities also allow for extra income to compensate for low wages, encouraging teachers to stay. ‘Unexpected’ findings include attraction and retention of low-quality teachers who in turn impacted negatively on rural school students’ performance. Schools reciprocated local community financial support by recruiting teachers recommended by, or who fit sociocultural values of, local community and later recommended these teachers to Ministry of Education for Government employment. A pattern of a homogenous staff of shared identity emerged as an unintended consequence of the disconnect of local practice from Government policies. This research contributes to previously limited research on teacher retention in non-Western countries and provides unique insights into staffing in Ugandan rural schools and therefore may be useful to African-country policymakers, schools and rural communities.
Holographic signatures of resolved cosmological singularities
Creators: name: Bodendorfer, Norbert
name: Schäfer, Andreas
name: Schliemann, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical gravity approximation is often employed in AdS/CFT to study the dual field theory, as it allows for many computations. A drawback is however the generic presence of singularities in classical gravity, which limits the applicability of AdS/CFT to regimes where the singularities are avoided by bulk probes, or some other form of regularisation is applicable. At the same time, quantum gravity is expected to resolve those singularities and thus to extend the range of applicability of AdS/CFT also in classically singular regimes. This paper exemplifies such a computation. We use an effective quantum corrected Kasner-AdS metric inspired by results from non-perturbative canonical quantum gravity to compute the 2-point correlator in the geodesic approximation for a negative Kasner exponent. The correlator derived in the classical gravity approximation has previously been shown to contain a pole at finite distance as a signature of the singularity. Using the quantum corrected metric, we show explicitly how the pole is resolved and that a new subdominant long-distance contribution to the correlator emerges, caused by geodesics passing arbitrarily close to the resolved classical singularity. In order to compute analytically in this paper, two key simplifications in the quantum corrected metric are necessary. They are lifted in a companion paper using numerical techniques, leading to the same qualitative results.
description: 15 pages; v2: journal version, minor clarifications, references added
Liminal narratives - the storying of records creation
Creators: name: WENDELKEN, SEREN ELISABETH
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 461009
subject: Recordkeeping informatics

description: The aim of this research is to understand how records about children come to be created the way they are. I explore records creation practices from the standpoint of Learning Support Co-ordinators (LSCs). I utilise an institutional ethnographic approach to explore the centrality of records creation to the determination of everyday life experience. Records continuum thinking and concepts of narrativity act as points of reference that I use to underpin and explicate my developing understanding of records creation as a central practice in the information culture of LSCs.
(501653) Mary E Burnett
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
SkillScanner: Detecting Policy-Violating Voice Applications Through Static Analysis at the Development Phase
Creators: name: Liao, Song
name: Cheng, Long
name: Cai, Haipeng
name: Guo, Linke
name: Hu, Hongxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Amazon Alexa marketplace is the largest Voice Personal Assistant (VPA) platform with over 100,000 voice applications (i.e., skills) published to the skills store. In an effort to maintain the quality and trustworthiness of voice-apps, Amazon Alexa has implemented a set of policy requirements to be adhered to by third-party skill developers. However, recent works reveal the prevalence of policy-violating skills in the current skills store. To understand the causes of policy violations in skills, we first conduct a user study with 34 third-party skill developers focusing on whether they are aware of the various policy requirements defined by the Amazon Alexa platform. Our user study results show that there is a notable gap between VPA's policy requirements and skill developers' practices. As a result, it is inevitable that policy-violating skills will be published. To prevent the inflow of new policy-breaking skills to the skills store from the source, it is critical to identify potential policy violations at the development phase. In this work, we design and develop SkillScanner, an efficient static code analysis tool to facilitate third-party developers to detect policy violations early in the skill development lifecycle. To evaluate the performance of SkillScanner, we conducted an empirical study on 2,451 open source skills collected from GitHub. SkillScanner effectively identified 1,328 different policy violations from 786 skills. Our results suggest that 32% of these policy violations are introduced through code duplication (i.e., code copy and paste). In particular, we found that 42 skill code examples from potential Alexa's official accounts (e.g., "alexa" and "alexa-samples" on GitHub) contain policy violations, which lead to 81 policy violations in other skills due to the copy-pasted code snippets from these Alexa's code examples.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures. To appear at ACM CCS 2023
The VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey. Luminosity and stellar mass dependence of galaxy clustering at z~3
Creators: name: Durkalec, A.
name: Févre, O. Le
name: Pollo, A.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Lemaux, B. C.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Hathi, N.
name: Koekemoer, A.
name: Pforr, J.
name: Zucca, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the study of the dependence of galaxy clustering on luminosity and stellar mass in the redshift range 2$$L)=1.92+25.36(L/L$^*$)$^{7.01}$. We conclude our study with measurements of the stellar-to-halo mass ratio (SHMR).
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, A&A in press, v2. revised discussion in sec. 5.5, changed Fig. 4 and Fig. 11, added references
Deterministic phase measurements exhibiting super-sensitivity and super-resolution
Creators: name: Schäfermeier, Clemens
name: Ježek, Miroslav
name: Madsen, Lars S.
name: Gehring, Tobias
name: Andersen, Ulrik L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase super-sensitivity is obtained when the sensitivity in a phase measurement goes beyond the quantum shot noise limit, whereas super-resolution is obtained when the interference fringes in an interferometer are narrower than half the input wavelength. Here we show experimentally that these two features can be simultaneously achieved using a relatively simple setup based on Gaussian states and homodyne measurement. Using 430 photons shared between a coherent- and a squeezed vacuum state, we demonstrate a 22-fold improvement in the phase resolution while we observe a 1.7-fold improvement in the sensitivity. In contrast to previous demonstrations of super-resolution and super-sensitivity, this approach is fully deterministic.
description: v2:Published Optica version with supplemental information
Statistical and Information-Theoretic Exploration of Amino Acid Sequence Relationships with Higher-Order Levels of Protein Description
Creators: name: RAJAPAKSA, SANDUN PRASADI
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 490508
subject: Statistical data science
classificationCode: 490509
subject: Statistical theory
classificationCode: 310112
subject: Structural biology (incl. macromolecular modelling)
classificationCode: 340407
subject: Proteins and peptides
classificationCode: 310299
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310201
subject: Bioinformatic methods development
classificationCode: 461301
subject: Coding, information theory and compression

description: Understanding the relationship of amino acid sequences, their divergence in evolution and their patterns of conservation across varying structural levels (secondary, super-secondary and tertiary structures of proteins) provide useful clues about how protein shapes come about, how they function and how they evolve, with the potential to inform new directions in protein studies. This thesis is the culmination of a set of formal statistical and information theoretic explorations that aim to increase our understanding of the specific relationships and constraints imposed by the amino acid sequence of proteins when compared to their higher-order structures.
(501654) Alice Burnett
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(501655) Ann Burnett
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Zero-shot Information Retrieval
Creators: name: OU, JIANG
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 461199
subject: Machine learning not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 460508
subject: Information retrieval and web search

description: With advancements in Transformer models, Zero-shot Information Retrieval (IR) has seen remarkable progress. Document retrieval saves time for knowledge workers seeking relevant documents from a corpus. This study evaluates existing IR models in various Zero-shot scenarios, identifying limitations and potential improvements. It investigates data augmentation benefits for generative models in Zero-shot IR. The proposed retrieval system combines generative models, Bi-encoder, and hybrid search to understand knowledge transfer, develop domain-specific data augmentation, and assess BM25's impact on retrieval scores. Our contributions lie in highlighting areas for improvement and providing insights into model performance in diverse scenarios.
Architectures for quantum simulation showing a quantum speedup
Creators: name: Bermejo-Vega, J.
name: Hangleiter, D.
name: Schwarz, M.
name: Raussendorf, R.
name: Eisert, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main aims in the field of quantum simulation is to achieve a quantum speedup, often referred to as "quantum computational supremacy", referring to the experimental realization of a quantum device that computationally outperforms classical computers. In this work, we show that one can devise versatile and feasible schemes of two-dimensional dynamical quantum simulators showing such a quantum speedup, building on intermediate problems involving non-adaptive measurement-based quantum computation. In each of the schemes, an initial product state is prepared, potentially involving an element of randomness as in disordered models, followed by a short-time evolution under a basic translationally invariant Hamiltonian with simple nearest-neighbor interactions and a mere sampling measurement in a fixed basis. The correctness of the final state preparation in each scheme is fully efficiently certifiable. We discuss experimental necessities and possible physical architectures, inspired by platforms of cold atoms in optical lattices and a number of others, as well as specific assumptions that enter the complexity-theoretic arguments. This work shows that benchmark settings exhibiting a quantum speedup may require little control in contrast to universal quantum computing. Thus, our proposal puts a convincing experimental demonstration of a quantum speedup within reach in the near term.
description: 13+9 pages, 9 figures, emphasized feasibility, added material on the verification step
Enhancing Adversarial Robustness: Representation, Ensemble, and Distribution Approaches
Creators: name: BUI, TUAN ANH
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 461103
subject: Deep learning
classificationCode: 461101
subject: Adversarial machine learning

description: This thesis seeks to improve adversarial robustness of machine learning models from three important strands including representation learning, ensemble learning and distributional robustness. It offers novel adversarial training frameworks to improve the robustness, while providing a deeper understanding of adversarial vulnerability within the contexts of three aforementioned approaches. This enhanced understanding of adversarial vulnerability paves the way for the development of increasingly robust machine learning models in the future.
Distributionally-Informed Recommender System Evaluation
Creators: name: Ekstrand, Michael D.
name: Carterette, Ben
name: Diaz, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current practice for evaluating recommender systems typically focuses on point estimates of user-oriented effectiveness metrics or business metrics, sometimes combined with additional metrics for considerations such as diversity and novelty. In this paper, we argue for the need for researchers and practitioners to attend more closely to various distributions that arise from a recommender system (or other information access system) and the sources of uncertainty that lead to these distributions. One immediate implication of our argument is that both researchers and practitioners must report and examine more thoroughly the distribution of utility between and within different stakeholder groups. However, distributions of various forms arise in many more aspects of the recommender systems experimental process, and distributional thinking has substantial ramifications for how we design, evaluate, and present recommender systems evaluation and research results. Leveraging and emphasizing distributions in the evaluation of recommender systems is a necessary step to ensure that the systems provide appropriate and equitably-distributed benefit to the people they affect.
description: Accepted to ACM Transactions on Recommender Systems
Automatic Monitoring and Population Dynamics Modelling of Microscopic Insect Pest-Predator Interactions in Horticultural Crops
Creators: name: AMARATHUNGA, DON CHATHURIKA KSHANTHI
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300207
subject: Agricultural systems analysis and modelling
classificationCode: 310307
subject: Population ecology
classificationCode: 461103
subject: Deep learning
classificationCode: 300210
subject: Sustainable agricultural development
classificationCode: 460306
subject: Image processing
classificationCode: 300206
subject: Agricultural spatial analysis and modelling

description: A sustainable approach to pest management is Integrated Pest Management (IPM) which uses bio-control agents. To implement IPM strategies, it is important to accurately identify pests and bio-control predators and understand their population dynamics. This thesis improves current practices by using machine learning and computer vision, coupled with computer simulations, to estimate pest and predator numbers and to model their population dynamics. The downstream benefits of the application of these technologies will be better decisions to enable reduced pesticide use, more effective pest control, more reliable crop yields, and a reduced environmental footprint for horticultural crop production.