cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Fee Hunting Opportunities on Private Land in Utah: An Economic and Policy Analysis
Creators: name: Jordan, Lucy A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1989

description: Objectives of this research were (1) to describe fee hunting as it is currently practiced in Utah and (2) to assess the adequacy of fee hunting efforts in addressing the problems of wildlife habitat and hunter access on private land. To collect information, Utah landowners who charged for deer (Odocoileus hemionus) or elk (Cervus elaphus) hunting in 1986 were surveyed by telephone and mail.
Compared to the average Utah livestock rancher, those involved in fee hunting have larger livestock operations and have owned their property longer. They are Utah natives. Fee hunting is concentrated in northern Utah where foothill and mountain rangelands are privately owned.
There is great diversity in the way fee hunting is organized and managed. Hunting opportunities sold by lease usually include few services and require hunters to post and patrol the property. Hunts sold by permit may include more services and be personally managed by the rancher. In general, fee hunting in Utah is differentiated from public land hunting by the availability of more acres per hunter rather than by special services or trophy animals. Fee hunting serves mostly resident hunters.
Average net annual cash income is $6587, or $0.66 per acre. The most common expenses incurred are for road and facility (fence, campsite) maintenance and vehicle costs. Highest expenses are those associated with providing services.
Landowners initiated fee hunting in order to gain control over trespassing and cover the costs of having hunters on their property. Most do not buy liability insurance.
Fee hunting is expanding the number and types of hunting opportunities and is meeting the needs of landowners to minimize costs of trespassing and hunters. However, fee hunting is not stimulating investments in wildlife habitat improvement. Because of intermingling landownerships and the migratory nature of deer and elk in Utah, investments in wildlife habitat or management have an uncertain return. It is unlikely that fee hunting can provide adequate incentives for improving wildlife habitat without substantial policy changes to enhance the ability of landowners to capture a return on such investments.
The Science Case for PILOT II: the Distant Universe
Creators: name: Lawrence, J. S.
name: Ashley, M. C. B.
name: Bunker, A.
name: Bouwens, R.
name: Burgarella, D.
name: Burton, M. G.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Glazebrook, K.
name: Pimbblet, K.
name: Quimby, R.
name: Saunders, W.
name: Storey, J. W. V.
name: Wheeler, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PILOT (the Pathfinder for an International Large Optical Telescope) is a proposed 2.5 m optical/infrared telescope to be located at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau. The atmospheric conditions at Dome C deliver a high sensitivity, high photometric precision, wide-field, high spatial resolution, and high-cadence imaging capability to the PILOT telescope. These capabilities enable a unique scientific potential for PILOT, which is addressed in this series of papers. The current paper presents a series of projects dealing with the distant (redshift >) Universe, that have been identified as key science drivers for the PILOT facility. The potential for PILOT to detect the first populations of stars to form in the early Universe, via infrared projects searching for pair-instability supernovae and gamma-ray burst afterglows, is investigated. Two projects are proposed to examine the assembly and evolution of structure in the Universe: an infrared survey searching for the first evolved galaxies at high redshift, and an optical survey aimed at characterising moderate-redshift galaxy clusters. Finally, a large-area weak-lensing survey and a program to obtain supernovae infrared light-curves are proposed to examine the nature and evolution of dark energy and dark matter.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in PASA
title: Comparative Foraging Ecology of Sheep and Goats in Caatinga Woodland in Northeastern Brazil
Creators: name: Kronberg, Scott L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1990

description: Small-ruminant production is an important part of the agricultural economy of northeastern Brazil. However, mild-to-severe undernutrition of livestock is an annual occurrence. Goats can tolerate the marginal forage conditions better than sheep, but the mechanisms underlying their superior tolerance are not understood.
An analysis of animal liveweights at the end of the year-long study indicated that reproducing mixed-race goats gained nearly twice (P
In the wet season, reproducing sheep and goats gained similar (P>.05) weight, while non-reproducing sheep gained more (P~.05) than non-reproducing goats. Non-reproducing goats had greater (P.05) digestible protein intake (DPI) as sheep.
In the dry season, reproducing sheep and goats lost similarbn(P> . 05) weight but only the five better performing sheep were weighed at the end of the dry season. The five poorer performers were removed from the study and given supplemental feed to keep them alive. The non-reproducing sheep lost weight during the dry season, while the non-reproducing goats gained weight . Non-reproducing sheep and goats had similar (P>.05) OMI and DEI during the dry periods. In the late-dry period when forage quality was lowest, the animals experienced their greatest weight loss, and both species had greatly reduced DPI; the goats had 83 percent greater (P
Digestion trials were conducted with actual diet samples selected by free-ranging animals. Goats had greater (P
Viral RNA as a branched polymer
Creators: name: Vaupotič, Domen
name: Rosa, Angelo
name: Podgornik, Rudolf
name: Tubiana, Luca
name: Božič, Anže
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Myriad viruses use positive-strand RNA molecules as their genomes. Far from being only a repository of genetic material, viral RNA performs numerous other functions mediated by its physical structure and chemical properties. In this chapter, we focus on its structure and discuss how long RNA molecules can be treated as branched polymers through planar graphs. We describe the major results that can be obtained by this approach, in particular the observation that viral RNA genomes have a characteristic compactness that sets them aside from similar random RNAs. We also discuss how different parameters used in the current RNA folding software influence the resulting structures and how they can be related to experimentally observable quantities. Finally, we show how the connection to branched polymers can be extended to take advantage of known results from polymer physics and can be further moulded to include additional interactions, such as excluded volume or electrostatics.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures
title: Movement of Atrazine in Soil Under Furrow Irrigation
Creators: name: Veerabhadrappa, Jyothi
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: Movement of atrazine in response to furrow irrigations was studied using the samples of Timpanogos silt loam soil. Distribution in soil profile of surface applied herbicide was determined by drawing samples of water extracts through porous cylinders. Atrazine quantity was determined by spectrophotometer.
It was observed that the herbicide found in the water extracts was an indication of the quantity present in the soil. The herbicide moved readily with the applied water. Irreversible thermodynamic model could not be applied because of the initial and final boundary conditions. The pattern of movement was in conformity with the chromatographic theory.
A Wasserstein approach to the one-dimensional sticky particle system
Creators: name: Natile, Luca
name: Savaré, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L65, 76N15, 82C22

description: We present a simple approach to study the one-dimensional pressureless Euler system via adhesion dynamics in the Wasserstein space of probability measures with finite quadratic moments. Starting from a discrete system of a finite number of "sticky" particles, we obtain new explicit estimates of the solution in terms of the initial mass and momentum and we are able to construct an evolution semigroup in a measure-theoretic phase space, allowing mass distributions with finite quadratic moment and corresponding L^2-velocity fields. We investigate various interesting properties of this semigroup, in particular its link with the gradient flow of the (opposite) squared Wasserstein distance. Our arguments rely on an equivalent formulation of the evolution as a gradient flow in the convex cone of nondecreasing functions in the Hilbert space L^2(0,1), which corresponds to the Lagrangian system of coordinates given by the canonical monotone rearrangement of the measures.
description: Added references
Methods for systematic study of nuclear structure in high-energy collisions
Creators: name: Luzum, Matthew
name: Hippert, Mauricio
name: Ollitrault, Jean-Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is increasing interest in using high-energy collisions to probe the structure of nuclei, in particular with the high-precision data made possible by collisions performed with pairs of isobaric species. A systematic study requires a variation of parameters representing nuclear properties such as radius, skin thickness, angular deformation, and short-range correlations, to determine the sensitivity of the various observables on each of these properties. In this work we propose a method for efficiently carrying out such study, based on the shifting of positions of nucleons in Monte-Carlo samples. We show that by using this method, statistical demands can be dramatically reduced -- potentially reducing the required number of simulated events by orders of magnitude -- paving the way for systematic study of nuclear structure in high-energy collisions,
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Magnetically induced transparency of a quantum metamaterial composed of twin flux qubits
Creators: name: Shulga, Kirill
name: Il'ichev, Evgeny
name: Fistul, Mikhail V.
name: Besedin, I.S.
name: Butz, Susanne
name: Astafiev, Oleg
name: Hübner, Uwe
name: Ustinov, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: Berlin : Nature Publishing
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum theory
subject: metamaterial
subject: artificial atoms
subject: 620

description: Quantum theory is expected to govern the electromagnetic properties of a quantum metamaterial, an artificially fabricated medium composed of many quantum objects acting as artificial atoms. Propagation of electromagnetic waves through such a medium is accompanied by excitations of intrinsic quantum transitions within individual meta-atoms and modes corresponding to the interactions between them. Here we demonstrate an experiment in which an array of double-loop type superconducting flux qubits is embedded into a microwave transmission line. We observe that in a broad frequency range the transmission coefficient through the metamaterial periodically depends on externally applied magnetic field. Field-controlled switching of the ground state of the meta-atoms induces a large suppression of the transmission. Moreover, the excitation of meta-atoms in the array leads to a large resonant enhancement of the transmission. We anticipate possible applications of the observed frequency-tunable transparency in superconducting quantum networks.
Green Hydrogen Cost-Potentials for Global Trade
Creators: name: Franzmann, David
name: Heinrichs, Heidi
name: Lippkau, Felix
name: Addanki, Thushara
name: Winkler, Christoph
name: Buchenberg, Patrick
name: Hamacher, Thomas
name: Blesl, Markus
name: Linßen, Jochen
name: Stolten, Detlef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Green hydrogen is expected to be traded globally in future greenhouse gas neutral energy systems. However, there is still a lack of temporally- and spatially-explicit cost-potentials for green hydrogen considering the full process chain, which are necessary for creating effective global strategies. Therefore, this study provides such detailed cost-potential-curves for 28 selected countries worldwide until 2050, using an optimizing energy systems approach based on open-field photovoltaics (PV) and onshore wind. The results reveal huge hydrogen potentials (>1,500 PWhLHV/a) and 79 PWhLHV/a at costs below 2.30 EUR/kg in 2050, dominated by solar-rich countries in Africa and the Middle East. Decentralized PV-based hydrogen production, even in wind-rich countries, is always preferred. Supplying sustainable water for hydrogen production is needed while having minor impact on hydrogen cost. Additional costs for imports from democratic regions are only total 7% higher. Hence, such regions could boost the geostrategic security of supply for greenhouse gas neutral energy systems.
description: in press
Las palabras de Vero
Creators: name: Masiá, Octavi
Publisher: name: DARIAH-DE
Year: 2023
Subjects: Siblings
Integration
Prejudices
Down Syndrome
Family
Theatre

description: Abstract:
The film relates to the story of Vero, a young woman with trisomy 21, and her passion for theatre. While her family is trying to protect her from the “real” world, she is about to make her way as an actress.

Details:
Not only Vero’s life is determined by Down syndrome, but it also impacts the daily lives of her mother, Laura, and her brother. Laura has a difficult relationship with her daughter, whereas Marcos seems to care and knows more about Vero and her needs.
Marcos’s girlfriend Nuria works as a teacher in a theatre academy and is keen to include Vero in her group as an offer of subventions for inclusive theatre appears. Although Vero’s family is not pleased about Nuria’s idea and fears a disappointing experience, Vero gets more motivated than ever to play a role.
In the academy, Vero faces rejection from the parents of other students and especially from the director, whose only demanding objective is to receive financial benefits. Instead of supporting Vero, the director puts obstacles in her way to her first performance.
Marcos wants to be on his sister’s side, but he is committed to an organization for rescuing laboratory animals. On their last mission, Marcos lost a photo of Vero and her boyfriend, which the animal farm owners found. As revenge, they shadow Vero and her boyfriend to find Marcos. As his pursuers meet him after his shift at a dance club, Marcos gets beaten unconscious and is obligated to stay in a hospital. Vero is extremely nervous about her first performance and urgently requests her brother’s presence to say the “magic words.” Since Marcos cannot attend the academy, he begs his mother to calm Vero down. It turns out difficult for Laura to deal with the situation as Marcos has been the first person Vero has ever directed to in critical incidents like this one.
But Laura can overcome her retirement from the strained relationship with her daughter and remembers, thanks to Marcos, the habit she used to do in her kids’ childhood: She whispered a verse in her children’s ears. Affectionately, Laura whispers the “magic words” to Vero, who immediately enters the stage. Finally, Laura reconnects in this situation with her daughter and picks up their damaged relationship.
In the end, Vero’s experience at the academy serves her to become more independent: Following appearances in TV shows, she doesn’t need the “magic words” anymore.
title: Development of Leading Indicators for Housing Starts in Tremonton, Utah
Creators: name: Ward, Douglas I.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: The possibility of developing leading economic indicators of housing starts, on a localized basis, was studied in Tremonton, Utah, for the period from 1958 to 1965. Data on any economic variable which might show a leading relationship to housing starts was gathered and synthesized to ascertain any predicting tendencies.
Several of the variables researched, particularly contracts awarded to Thiokol and Thiokol employment, showed a high positive correlation to housing starts; however, none showed any consistent leading pattern.
An accelerator relationship was found to exist between the average rate of change in Thiokol employment and housing starts. This finding, though not directly applicable to the study, resulted in the most economically rational explanation for the absence of a leading indicator.
Dirac Solitons and Topological Edge States in the $β$-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou dimer lattice
Creators: name: Chaunsali, Rajesh
name: Kevrekidis, Panayotis G.
name: Frantzeskakis, Dimitri
name: Theocharis, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a dimer lattice of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT) type, where alternating linear couplings have a controllably small difference, and the cubic nonlinearity ($β$-FPUT) is the same for all interaction pairs. We use a weakly nonlinear formal reduction within the lattice bandgap to obtain a continuum, nonlinear Dirac-type system. We derive the Dirac soliton profiles and the model's conservation laws analytically. We then examine the cases of the semi-infinite and the finite domains and illustrate how the soliton solutions of the bulk problem can be ``glued'' to the boundaries for different types of boundary conditions. We thus explain the existence of various kinds of nonlinear edge states in the system, of which only one leads to the standard topological edge states observed in the linear limit. We finally examine the stability of bulk and edge states and verify them through direct numerical simulations, in which we observe a solitary wave setting into motion due to the instability.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures (Multiscale analysis is updated)
Identification and molecular analysis of interaction sites in the MtSEO-F1 protein involved in forisome assembly
Creators: name: Rose, Judith
name: Visser, Franziska
name: Müller, Boje
name: Senft, Matthias
name: Groscurth, Sira
name: Sicking, Kevin F.
name: Twyman, Richard M.
name: Prüfer, Dirk
name: Noll, Gundula A.
Publisher: name: New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Forisome
subject: Hydrophobic interaction
subject: Protein assembly
subject: 540
subject: 570

description: Forisomes are large mechanoprotein complexes found solely in legumes such as Medicago truncatula. They comprise several “sieve element occlusion by forisome” (SEO-F) subunits, with MtSEO-F1 as the major structure-forming component. SEO-F proteins possess three conserved domains –an N-terminal domain (SEO-NTD), a potential thioredoxin fold, and a C-terminal domain (SEO-CTD)– but structural and biochemical data are scarce and little is known about the contribution of these domains to forisome assembly. To identify key amino acids involved in MtSEO-F1 dimerization and complex formation, we investigated protein-protein interactions by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and the analysis of yeast two-hybrid and random mutagenesis libraries. We identified a SEO-NTD core region as the major dimerization site, with abundant hydrophobic residues and rare charged residues suggesting dimerization is driven by the hydrophobic effect. We also found that ~45% of the full-length MtSEO-F1 sequence must be conserved for higher-order protein assembly, indicating that large interaction surfaces facilitate stable interactions, contributing to the high resilience of forisome bodies. Interestingly, the removal of 62 amino acids from the C-terminus did not disrupt forisome assembly. This is the first study unraveling interaction sites and mechanisms within the MtSEO-F1 protein at the level of dimerization and complex formation. © 2018
title: An Examination of the Inorganic Nitrogen Status of a Soil of the Alaskan Coastal Tundra Plain
Creators: name: Munn, Norton R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: This experiment was designed to measure in situ concentrations of NH4+ and NO3--N in a soil of the arctic coastal tundra plain, to determine if nitrification was taking place in this soil and to determine if the vascular plants growing in this soil could assimilate NH4+-N.
The extractable NH4+-N concentration was approximately 40 μg/g in the 01 horizon and 10 μg/g in the 02 horizon. The NO3--N concentration was approximately 5 μg/g in the 01 horizon and 4 μg/g in the 02 horizon.
The presence of NO3--N in this soil indicates that nitrification is taking place but perfusion experiments indicate that it is not bacterial nitrification. Fungi may be responsible for nitrification in this soil.
Corex aquatilis, a common plant in the study area, was found to readily assimilate NH4+-N as well as NO3--N.
Radio astronomical images object detection and segmentation: A benchmark on deep learning methods
Creators: name: Sortino, Renato
name: Magro, Daniel
name: Fiameni, Giuseppe
name: Sciacca, Eva
name: Riggi, Simone
name: DeMarco, Andrea
name: Spampinato, Concetto
name: Hopkins, Andrew M.
name: Bufano, Filomena
name: Schillirò, Francesco
name: Bordiu, Cristobal
name: Pino, Carmelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, deep learning has been successfully applied in various scientific domains. Following these promising results and performances, it has recently also started being evaluated in the domain of radio astronomy. In particular, since radio astronomy is entering the Big Data era, with the advent of the largest telescope in the world - the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), the task of automatic object detection and instance segmentation is crucial for source finding and analysis. In this work, we explore the performance of the most affirmed deep learning approaches, applied to astronomical images obtained by radio interferometric instrumentation, to solve the task of automatic source detection. This is carried out by applying models designed to accomplish two different kinds of tasks: object detection and semantic segmentation. The goal is to provide an overview of existing techniques, in terms of prediction performance and computational efficiency, to scientists in the astrophysics community who would like to employ machine learning in their research.
Multiple soliton solutions and similarity reduction of a (2+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Korteweg-de Vries system
Creators: name: Liu, Yaqing
name: Peng, Linyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the novel nonlinear wave structures of a (2+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) system by its analytic solutions. Its $N$-soliton solution are obtained via Hirota's bilinear method, and in particular, the hybrid solution of lump, breather and line soliton are derived by the long wave limit method. In addition to soliton solutions, similarity reduction, including similarity solutions (also known as group-invariant solutions) and non-autonomous third-order Painlevé equations, is achieved through symmetry analysis. The analytic results, together with illustrative wave interactions, show interesting physical features, that may shed some light on the study of other variable-coefficient nonlinear systems.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures
Neutral Gas Outflows and Inflows in Infrared-Faint Seyfert Galaxies
Creators: name: Krug, Hannah B.
name: Rupke, David S. N.
name: Veilleux, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies of the Na I D interstellar absorption line doublet have shown that galactic winds occur in most galaxies with high infrared luminosities. However, in infrared-bright composite systems where a starburst coexists with an active galactic nucleus (AGN), it is unclear whether the starburst, the AGN, or both are driving the outflows. The present paper describes the results from a search for outflows in 35 infrared-faint Seyferts with 10^9.9 < L_IR/L_sun < 10^11, or, equivalently, star formation rates (SFR) of ~0.4 -- 9 solar masses per year, to attempt to isolate the source of the outflow. We find that the outflow detection rates for the infrared-faint Seyfert 1s (6%) and Seyfert 2s (18%) are lower than previously reported for infrared-luminous Seyfert 1s (50%) and Seyfert 2s (45%). The outflow kinematics of infrared-faint and infrared-bright Seyfert 2 galaxies resemble those of starburst galaxies, while the outflow velocities in Seyfert 1 galaxies are significantly larger. Taken together, these results suggest that the AGN does not play a significant role in driving the outflows in most infrared-faint and infrared-bright systems, except the high-velocity outflows seen in Seyfert 1 galaxies. Another striking result of this study is the high rate of detection of inflows in infrared-faint galaxies (39% of Seyfert 1s, 35% of Seyfert 2s), significantly larger than in infrared-luminous Seyferts (15%). This inflow may be contributing to the feeding of the AGN in these galaxies, and potentially provides more than enough material to power the observed nuclear activity over typical AGN lifetimes.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, published in ApJ (article updated 12/30/09)
COVID-19 Bibliometrics 21th – 27th December 2020
Creators: name: Www.Covid19bibliometrics.Org
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
Medicine and Health
Science and Engineering
Social Science, Humanities and Public Policy
novel Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
2019-nCoV

description: This is a compilation of COVID-19 research insights published from 21th – 27th December 2020 in these fields: Medicine and Health Science and Engineering Social Science, Humanities and Public Policy About www.covid19bibliometrics.org
 Introduction: The number of confirmed cases during the current Covid-19 pandemic is escalating exponentially. At the same time, the public are constantly being inundated with a formidable quantity of information, from innumerable sources, and containing both genuine as well as fake news. The Covid-19 “infodemic” is here. Health professionals including medical doctors and nurses are busy fighting the virus on the front line in our communities and hospitals and struggling to treat the ever-growing number of cases. Scientists and technicians at their bench-tops and computers in their research laboratories, are racing to find solutions, create new protective equipment, and ideally develop a vaccine. They all need accurate, timely and reliable information upon which they can make their decisions, find solutions, and help defeat this pandemic. This initiative aims to provide reliable and timely (initially at least twice a week) web updates on the relevant published literature. “Reliable” and “timely” means that it can be trusted and it is up to date; “relevant” and “published” means that it is focused on what health professionals and scientists need when facing both the pandemic and the infodemic, and it can be trusted as sound science. We plan to make the material succinct and accessible, and to provide key bibliometric indices such as source and citation.
 Objectives: 1. To update the global scientific community on current Covid-19 related published papers in an accessible, timely and trusted format
 2. To analyse the published papers for trends and to provide insights
 3. To identify gaps in research
 4. To promote international research collaboration with a view to overcoming Covid-19 and promoting recovery Methodology: Covid-19 related publications to be searched using the Scopus database using as a minimum the following keywords: 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, novel Coronavirus. Papers then to be categorized according to topic, research fields, institutions, countries, etc. Abstracts and papers to be reviewed for findings, trends, key insights, etc. To read previous COVID-19 research insights, please go to:
 https://zenodo.org/communities/covid19bibliometrics/
description: More information, please go to https://www.covid19bibliometrics.org/
IVIG as a Cause of Fatal Acute Ischemic Stroke: Case Report and Systematic Review
Creators: name: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institutes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Purpose— To highlight the role of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in patients with malignant acute ischemicstroke.Case Description—A 39-year-old woman developed posterior cerebral artery infarctions bilaterally withoutany large arterial occlusion identified on CT angiography after being treated with IVIG for acute inflammatorydemyelinating polyneuropathy. The patient’s neurological deficits progressed to brain death over the next 36 hours.Literature Review— A comprehensive and systematic review of the literature concerning IVIG administrationassociated with ischemic and/or embolic events was conducted, and a total of 24 articles were included for review.Thirteen (54.2%) studies described post-IVIG stroke, 6 (25.0%) cerebral infarction, 6 (25.0%) deep vein thrombosis,5 (20.8%) myocardial infarction, 3 (12.5%) pulmonary embolism, 2 (8.3%) multiple embolic events, and 4 (16.7%)other embolic events. Review of the 24 included articles revealed that IVIG may be associated with a risk of embolicand ischemic complications.Summary— This case report and literature review highlight the need for studying the mechanism of association andidentifying new strategies to reduce ischemic stroke during or after IVIG administration.
Probing molecular interaction in ionic liquids by low frequency spectroscopy: Coulomb energy, hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces
Creators: name: Fumino, K.
name: Reimann, S.
name: Ludwig, R.
Publisher: name: London [u.a.] : Royal Society of Chemistry
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: ionic liquids
subject: molecular interaction
subject: molecular solvents
subject: 540

description: Ionic liquids are defined as salts composed solely of ions with melting points below 100 °C. These remarkable liquids have unique and fascinating properties and offer new opportunities for science and technology. New combinations of ions provide changing physical properties and thus novel potential applications for this class of liquid materials. To a large extent, the structure and properties of ionic liquids are determined by the intermolecular interaction between anions and cations. In this perspective we show that far infrared and terahertz spectroscopy are suitable methods for studying the cation-anion interaction in these Coulomb fluids. The interpretation of the measured low frequency spectra is supported by density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. We present results for selected aprotic and protic ionic liquids and their mixtures with molecular solvents. In particular, we focus on the strength and type of intermolecular interaction and how both parameters are influenced by the character of the ions and their combinations. We show that the total interaction between cations and anions is a result of a subtle balance between Coulomb forces, hydrogen bonds and dispersion forces. For protic ionic liquids we could measure distinct vibrational modes in the low frequency spectra indicating clearly the cation-anion interaction characterized by linear and medium to strong hydrogen bonds. Using isotopic substitution we have been able to dissect frequency shifts related to pure interaction strength between cations and anions and to different reduced masses only. In this context we also show how these different types of interaction may influence the physical properties of ionic liquids such as the melting point, viscosity or enthalpy of vaporization. Furthermore we demonstrate that low frequency spectroscopy can also be used for studying ion speciation. Low vibrational features can be assigned to contact ion pairs and solvent separated ion pairs. In conclusion we showed how detailed knowledge of the low frequency spectra can be used to understand the change in interaction strength and structure by variation of temperature, solvent polarity and solvent concentration in ionic liquids and their mixtures with molecular solvents. In principle the used combination of methods is suitable for studying intermolecular interaction in pure molecular liquids and their solutions including additive materials such as nanoparticles.
title: Ecological Implications of Flavor Generalization by Sheep: Role of Flavor Intensity and Variation in Toxin Dose
Creators: name: Launchbaugh, Karen L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1992

description: Researchers studying diet selection of ungulate herbivores have generally considered plant palatability independent of animals' dietary history. However, more recent studies demonstrate that experiences within the life of an animal strongly influence plant selection. We are beginning to understand how food preferences and aversions are formed through gastro-intestinal feedback. My research specifically examines factors that influence the formation of conditioned flavor aversions in the generalist herbivore, sheep.
I first examined how variability of food toxicity affects the intake of those foods. I determined that sheep apparently have several mechanisms for regulating intake of toxic foods regardless of whether or not toxic variation can be detected through flavor changes. When changes in flavor correspond to changes in toxicity, animals adjusted intake based on an increase or decrease in toxin concentration. When toxic variation was not detectable through flavor, animals adopted a conservative strategy of eating an amount based on the maximum toxin dose they had experienced.'
I was also interested in how illness following the consumption of one food influences the selection of other foods. In diet selection, animals may generalize selection responses among foods with similar flavors. Generalization may be particularly important in the selection of novel foods, i.e., a new food may look, smell, or taste like a familiar food that is preferred or avoided. In several experiments on the generalization of flavor aversions I found that: 1) sheep generalize aversions from familiar to novel foods when both foods had a flavor in common; 2) the more sick an animal got after eating a food the greater the aversion formed to the food and the greater the generalization of that aversion to new foods; 3) the salience or intensity of flavor did not affect the strength of conditioned flavor aversions in sheep on the generalization of the aversion, but this may not always be the case; 4) flavor intensity strongly influenced the acceptance of a novel food. A novel food (wheat) with a strong flavor (3% added ground oregano) was more avoided than a novel food (wheat) with a mild flavor (1% oregano added).
THE UNUSUAL TAIL OF TETHYSHADROS INSULARIS (DINOSAURIA, HADROSAUROIDEA) FROM THE ADRIATIC ISLAND OF THE EUROPEAN ARCHIPELAGO
Creators: name: DALLA VECCHIA, FABIO MARCO
Publisher: name: RIVISTA ITALIANA DI PALEONTOLOGIA E STRATIGRAFIA
Year: 2020

description: The basal hadrosauroid Tethyshadros insularis from the uppermost Cretaceous of NE Italy lived on an island of the European archipelago in the Tethys Ocean. The tail of this dinosaur presents several apomorphic traits respect to the tails of other coeval hadrosauroids of the archipelago and of hadrosauroids in general. The estimated total length of the tail of the holotypic specimen shows that the tail was long, accounting for at least 56% of the total body length, relatively stiff and deep proximally, whereas it was whip-like distally. The reconstruction of the tail musculature by comparison with that of living archosaurs and other dinosaurs suggests that the posterior shift of the first haemapophysis affected the size and shape of the M.m. caudofemorales with important consequences on the locomotion of T. insularis. Somewhat peculiar stance and gait for this dinosaur are suggested also by limb features. The posterior shift of the vent and consequent longer distal tract of the intestine or a longer cloaca could increase the space for urine storage and urinary water reabsorption. The posterior shift of the vent could imply also longer oviducts and plausibly an increased number of eggs per clutch. Tail apomorphies of T. insularis may be related to the rugged and water-depleted karst landscape where the Italian dinosaur lived. The two main specimens of T. insularis differ in robustness possibly because of sexual dimorphism, ontogeny or high intraspecific variability.
description: RIVISTA ITALIANA DI PALEONTOLOGIA E STRATIGRAFIA , V. 126 N. 3 (2020)
Generalized boundary conditions in closed cosmologies
Creators: name: Brizuela, David
name: de Cesare, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considering a generalization of the Gibbons-Hawking-York covariant boundary action that depends on both the extrinsic and the intrinsic geometry of the boundary, we derive boundary conditions for the cosmological background and tensor perturbations in a closed universe with space-like boundaries. We also give a general method to reconstruct the covariant boundary action starting from a given set of boundary conditions for the cosmological background. These results may be of special relevance in the context of the path-integral formulation of quantum cosmology, where boundary terms contain essential physical information of the system.
description: 11 pages; v2: references updated; matches version accepted for publication in PRD
title: Physical Layer Key Generation in Resource Constrained Wireless Communication Networks
Creators: name: Moara-Nkwe, K
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2022

description: Secure wireless communication between resource constrained devices in dynamic deployment scenarios poses a significant challenge to cryptography. This is primarily due to the fact that the dynamic nature of the device deployment environment calls for sophisticated key management strategies which usually require a trusted third party along with either a highly complex symmetric key management scheme or a public-key scheme. This places a significant burden on the computational resources of a node. Physical layer security (or Information theoretic security) aims to reduce this efficiency burden on devices and add an additional layer of location-based security. Physical layer key generation and refreshment is concerned with techniques for establishing and refreshing cryptographic keys using wireless communication channel measurements between legitimate nodes. Computational security-based public-key schemes usually derive their security on the basis of the difficulty of solving some mathematical problem such as prime number factorisation, discrete logarithm computation and the like. Practical physical layer-based schemes often derive their security on the difficulty of estimating particular wireless channel parameters with the exact same accuracy that a localised node can estimate them when you are not localised. In this thesis, the issue of Physical Layer Secure Key Generation (PLSKG) is dis- cussed and a novel pairwise PLSKG scheme and a novel Group Physical Layer Secure Key Generation (GPLSKG) scheme for resource constrained devices are proposed. The PLSKG scheme improves on the state of the art by proposing a key generation methodology that avoids the use of iterative quantisation for the purposes of key reconciliation, which reduces the loss of key entropy during the key reconciliation process. The proposed GPLSKG scheme improves on the state of the art by i) generating keys in a way that provides a means of evaluating and bounding the entropy of the generated key with respect to an adversary and ii) reducing the number of probes that need to be used for key reconciliation in certain deployment scenarios. The proposed schemes are then implemented on off-the-shelf devices and the performance of the schemes evaluated and compared to current state-of-the-art schemes. The schemes are shown to improve the performance of existing state-of-the-art PLSKG schemes and achieve near 100% success rates at short distances. The thesis also presents results on the error bounding in PLSKG schemes and presents results showing how these bounds can be used to make the key generation process more secure. Moreover, the thesis also discusses practical considerations in the design of PLSKG schemes, focusing on areas that have only received cursory treatment in current literature.
Thermal non-Gaussianity in Near-Milne universe
Creators: name: Wu, Jian-Pin
name: Ling, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal non-Gaussianity in Near-Milne universe is investigated in this letter. Through classifying thermal fluctuations into two types, one characterized by a phase transition and the other without phase transition, we show that for fluctuations undergoing a phase transition, the non-Gaussianity depends linearly on $k$, but in non-phase transition case it is proportional to $k^{-3γ},γ>0$. Moreover, if the phase transition scenario is similar to that in holographic cosmology, we find that the non-Gaussianity $f_{NL}^{equil}$ can reach ${\cal O}(1)$ or larger than ${\cal O}(1)$ by fine tuning of the equation of state $ω_{C}$. Especially at the limit of $ω_{C}\to -5/3$, the non-Gaussianity can be very large. On the other hand, for non-phase transition case, the non-Gaussianity estimator $f_{NL}^{equil}$ is approximately $f_{NL}^{equil}\simeq 5/108$ when the energy is sub-extensive, especially when $γ\to 0^{+}$. However, when $γ\to 4$, large non-Gaussianity can be obtained.
description: 11 pages, no figure, version to be published in PLB
Self-contained Beta-with-Spikes Approximation for Inference Under a Wright-Fisher Model
Creators: name: Montero, Juan Guerrero
name: Blythe, Richard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We construct a reliable estimation of evolutionary parameters within the Wright-Fisher model, which describes changes in allele frequencies due to selection and genetic drift, from time-series data. Such data exists for biological populations, for example via artificial evolution experiments, and for the cultural evolution of behavior, such as linguistic corpora that document historical usage of different words with similar meanings. Our method of analysis builds on a Beta-with-Spikes approximation to the distribution of allele frequencies predicted by the Wright-Fisher model. We introduce a self-contained scheme for estimating the parameters in the approximation, and demonstrate its robustness with synthetic data, especially in the strong-selection and near-extinction regimes where previous approaches fail. We further apply to allele frequency data for baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), finding a significant signal of selection in cases where independent evidence supports such a conclusion. We further demonstrate the possibility of detecting time-points at which evolutionary parameters change in the context of a historical spelling reform in the Spanish language.
A non-cytotoxic resin for micro-stereolithography for cell cultures of HUVECs
Creators: name: Männel, Max J.
name: Fischer, Carolin
name: Thiele, Julian
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 3D printing
subject: Additive manufacturing
subject: Biocompatibility
subject: Cell culture
subject: Cytotoxicity
subject: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
subject: Microfluidics
subject: Resin development
subject: 620

description: Three-dimensional (3D) printing of microfluidic devices continuously replaces conventional fabrication methods. A versatile tool for achieving microscopic feature sizes and short process times is micro-stereolithography (µSL). However, common resins for µSL lack biocompatibility and are cytotoxic. This work focuses on developing new photo-curable resins as a basis for µSL fabrication of polymer materials and surfaces for cell culture. Different acrylate-and methacrylate-based compositions are screened for material characteristics including wettability, surface roughness, and swelling behavior. For further understanding, the impact of photo-absorber and photo-initiator on the cytotoxicity of 3D-printed substrates is studied. Cell culture experiments with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in standard polystyrene vessels are compared to 3D-printed parts made from our library of homemade resins. Among these, after optimizing material composition and post-processing, we identify selected mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ethyl methacrylate (PEGMEMA) as most suitable to allow for fabricating cell culture platforms that retain both the viability and proliferation of HUVECs. Next, our PEGDA/PEGMEMA resins will be further optimized regarding minimal feature size and cell adhesion to fabricate microscopic (microfluidic) cell culture platforms, e.g., for studying vascularization of HUVECs in vitro. © 2020 by the authors.