cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Galactic LMXB Population and the Galactic Centre Region
Creators: name: Sazonov, S.
name: Paizis, A.
name: Bazzano, A.
name: Chelovekov, I.
name: Khabibullin, I.
name: Postnov, K.
name: Mereminskiy, I.
name: Fiocchi, M.
name: Bélanger, G.
name: Bird, A. J.
name: Bozzo, E.
name: Chenevez, J.
name: Del Santo, M.
name: Falanga, M.
name: Farinelli, R.
name: Ferrigno, C.
name: Grebenev, S.
name: Krivonos, R.
name: Kuulkers, E.
name: Lund, N.
name: Sanchez-Fernandez, C.
name: Tarana, A.
name: Ubertini, P.
name: Wilms, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Seventeen years of hard X-ray observations with the instruments of the INTEGRAL observatory, with a focus on the Milky Way and in particular on the Galactic Centre region, have provided a unique database for exploration of the Galactic population of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). Our understanding of the diverse energetic phenomena associated with accretion of matter onto neutron stars and black holes has greatly improved. We review the large variety of INTEGRAL based results related to LMXBs. In particular, we discuss the spatial distribution of LMXBs over the Galaxy and their X-ray luminosity function as well as various physical phenomena associated with Atoll and Z sources, bursters, symbiotic X-ray binaries, ultracompact X-ray binaries and persistent black hole LMXBs. We also present an up-to-date catalogue of confirmed LMXBs detected by INTEGRAL, which comprises 166 objects. Last but not least, the long-term monitoring of the Galactic Centre with INTEGRAL has shed light on the activity of Sgr A* in the recent past, confirming previous indications that our supermassive black hole experienced a major accretion episode just ~100 years ago. This exciting topic is covered in this review too.
description: 60 pages, 26 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in New Astronomy Reviews
Institutions and EU Decisions-Making: the 'Power' of the European Commission
Creators: name: Pokrivcak, Jan
name: Pokrivcak, Jan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Political economy
subject: European Union
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: Voting

description: I develop a two-stage political economy model that explicitly models the complexity of decision-making in the European Union on the Common Agricultural Policy, and I derive how the institutional design affects the outcome and the influence of the various agents involved, and the likelihood of political stalemate.
Engineering topological phase transition and Aharonov-Bohm caging in a flux-staggered lattice
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Amrita
name: Nandy, Atanu
name: Sil, Shreekantha
name: Chakrabarti, Arunava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A tight binding network of diamond shaped unit cells trapping a staggered magnetic flux distribution is shown to exhibit a topological phase transition under a controlled variation of the flux trapped in a cell. A simple real space decimation technique maps a binary flux staggered network into an equivalent Su-Shrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. In this way, dealing with a subspace of the full degrees of freedom, we show that a topological phase transition can be initiated by tuning the applied magnetic field that eventually simulates an engineering of the numerical values of the overlap integrals in the paradigmatic SSH model. Thus one can use an external agent, rather than monitoring the intrinsic property of a lattice to control the topological properties. This is advantageous from an experimental point of view. We also provide an in-depth description and analysis of the topologically protected edge states, and discuss how, by tuning the flux from outside one can enhance the spatial extent of the Aharonov-Bohm caging of single particle states for any arbitrary period of staggering. This feature can be useful for the study of transport of quantum information. Our results are exact.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Effect of Extended Extinction from Gold Nanopillar Arrays on the Absorbance Spectrum of a Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cell
Creators: name: Tsai, Shu-Ju
name: Ballarotto, Mihaela
name: Kan, Hung-Chih
name: Phaneuf, Raymond J.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: organic solar cells
plasmonics
nanostructures

description: We report on the effects of enhanced absorption/scattering from arrays of Au nanopillars of varied size and spacing on the spectral response of a P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cell. Nanopillar array-patterned devices do show increased optical extinction within a narrow range of wavelengths compared to control samples without such arrays. The measured external quantum efficiency and calculated absorbance, however, both show a decrease near the corresponding wavelengths. Numerical simulations indicate that for relatively narrow nanopillars, the increased optical extinction is dominated by absorption within the nanopillars, rather than scattering, and is likely dissipated by Joule heating.
Additional file 1 of Supporting countries to achieve their malaria elimination goals: the WHO E-2020 initiative
Creators: name: Lindblade, Kim A.
name: Li Xiao, Hong
name: Tiffany, Amanda
name: Galappaththy, Gawrie
name: Alonso, Pedro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix S1. Association between absolute reductions in indigenous malaria cases between 2016 and 2020 and development and health indicators among E-2020 countries. Appendix S2. Association between relative reductions in indigenous malaria cases between 2016 and 2020 and development and health indicators among E-2020 countries.
Anomalies in $B$ Decays and Muon $g-2$ from Dark Loops
Creators: name: Huang, Da
name: Morais, António P.
name: Santos, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a class of models which can provide a common origin for the recently observed evidence for lepton flavor universality violation in $b \to s l^+ l^- $ decays, the dark matter (DM) problem and the long-standing muon $(g-2)$ anomaly. In particular, both anomalies in the $B$ meson decays and the muon $(g-2)$ can be explained by the additional one-loop diagrams with DM candidates. We first classify several simple models according to the new fields' quantum numbers. We then focus on a specific promising model and perform a detailed study of both DM and flavor physics. A random scan over the relevant parameter space reveals that there is indeed a large parameter space which can explain the three new physics phenomena simultaneously, while satisfying all other flavor and DM constraints. Finally, we discuss some of the possible new physics signatures at the Large Hadron Collider.
description: 33 pages, 8 figures
Nonthermal hard X-ray excess in the cluster Abell 2256 from two epoch observations
Creators: name: Fusco-Femiano, Roberto
name: Landi, Raffaella
name: Orlandini, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After confirmation of the presence of a nonthermal hard X-ray excess with respect to the thermal emission in the Coma cluster from two independent observations, obtained using the Phoswich Detection System onboard BeppoSAX, we present in this Letter also for Abell 2256 the results of two observations performed with a time interval of about 2.5 yr. In both spectra a nonthermal excess is present at a confidence level of ~3.3sigma and ~3.7sigma, respectively. The combined spectrum obtained by adding up the two spectra allows to measure an excess at the level of ~4.8sigma in the 20-80 keV energy range. The nonthermal X-ray flux is in agreement with the published value of the first observation (Fusco-Femiano et al. 2000) and with that measured by a Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer observation (Rephaeli & Gruber 2003).
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, 1 table - ApJL, in press
Does Income Really Matter? Nonparametric and Parametric Estimates of the Demand for Calories in Tanzania
Creators: name: Abdulai, Awudu
name: Aubert, Dominique
name: Abdulai, Awudu
name: Aubert, Dominique
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: This study employs both nonparametric and parametric methods to examine the influence of household expenditure and other demographic variables on household consumption of calories in Tanzania, using recent survey data. Under each estimation strategy we employ, we find significant and positive relationship between household expenditure and calorie consumption. Even with an estimation strategy that ensures consistent estimates in the presence of measurement error, the calorie-expenditure elasticity is 0.46, a finding that is consistent with the traditional view that, increases in household income will improve calorie intake and help alleviate inadequate nutrition.
Modernisation in Agriculture: What Makes a Farmer Adopt an Innovation?
Creators: name: Diederen, Paul
name: Van Meijl, Hans
name: Wolters, Arjan
name: Diederen, Paul
name: Van Meijl, Hans
name: Wolters, Arjan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper addresses the question which factors influence a farmer in deciding to adopt an innovation. We differentiate between innovations that are new to the farmer, but already well established in the sector, innovations that are early in their process of diffusion, and innovations that are new to the farmer's sector. We use an ordered probit approach to relate adoption behaviour to variables that capture characteristics of the farm (labour and financial resources and market position), of the business environment of the farm (type of production and market, degree of regulation) and of the farmer (access to information, capabilities, preferences). We use data on 865 Dutch farms and find that innovation adoption is positively related to labour resources, market position, access to information and past adoption behaviour, and negatively to solvency and the degree of market regulation.
Crystallization in two-component Coulomb systems
Creators: name: Bonitz, M.
name: Filinov, V. S.
name: Fortov, V. E.
name: Levashov, P. R.
name: Fehske, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of Coulomb crystallization is extended from one-component to two-component plasmas. Critical parameters for the existence of Coulomb crystals are derived for both classical and quantum crystals. In the latter case, a critical mass ratio of the two charged components is found which is of the order of 80. Thus, holes in semiconductors with sufficiently flat valence bands are predicted to spontaneously order into a regular lattice. Such hole crystals are intimately related to ion Coulomb crystals in white dwarf and neutron stars as well as to ion crystals produced in the laboratory. A unified phase diagram of two-component Coulomb crystals is presented and is verified by first-principle computer simulations.
description: Presented first at the German Physical Society Meeting, March 7 2005 5 pages, 3 figures
Whither Shall We Go? The Past and Present of Black Churches and the Public Sphere
Creators: name: Barber, Kendra H.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: Black church
race/ethnicity
religion
public engagement
neoliberalism

description: In this paper, I analyze the contemporary role of the Black Church in the public sphere. Some argue that despite the historical role of the Black Church in addressing racial inequality, it should not be involved in the public sphere, as there should be a clear separation between church and state. I argue that black churches are filling a gap created by the self-help ideology of a neo-liberal era where addressing the outcomes of contemporary racial inequality is left to private sector organizations, such as churches, rather than the federal government. I assert that the Black Church should remain engaged in the public sphere for two reasons: first, black churches are operating in the absence of state welfare rather than as an alternative to it and second, black churches are among the few institutions providing race-specific remedies that have been abandoned in a colorblind era.
Regional Socioeconomic Impacts of Livestock Regulation - an Integrated Modelling Approach
Creators: name: Hasler, Berit
name: Jensen, Jorgen Dejgaard
name: Madsen, Bjarne
name: Andersen, Martin
name: Huusom, Henrik
name: Jacobsen, Lars-Bo
name: Hasler, Berit
name: Jensen, Jorgen Dejgaard
name: Madsen, Bjarne
name: Andersen, Martin
name: Huusom, Henrik
name: Jacobsen, Lars-Bo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: economic models
subject: livestock density regulation
subject: regional impacts

description: This paper addresses the combination of environmental regulation and rural development using an integrated economic modelling approach. Specifically, the regional impacts of regulating livestock density at the farm level are analysed in a projected 2010 setting. This scenario is motivated by a concern for nitrogen loads on ground and surface water. The applied model framework includes a macroeconomic CGE-model, an econometric agricultural sector model and a local economic model, and consistent links have been established between these models. The analyses show that the largest relative economic impacts occur in the western parts of Denmark. This occurs in the agricultural sector, because the highest livestock densities are found in the western regions, but also at the general economic level, because agriculture is relatively important for the regional economy in these regions. However, the maximum absolute economic impact on the regional economies in terms of regional GDP is only around one per cent in the most affected region.
Quality of service support in the backbone network of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems using DiffServ model
Creators: name: Agharebparast, Farshid
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The performance of the backbone bearer service of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), or of its 2.5G precedent General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), has a considerable impact on the end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) observed by a traffic flow. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a basic methodology for provisioning QoS in this backbone network by using Differentiated Services (DiffServ), which is an IP-based QoS technology. It focuses on two important issues. First, a basic plan for QoS mapping from one system to another is presented. Second, the structure of a DiffServ-based UMTS backbone router is studied which can provide the appropriate functionality of forwarding packets with PHB s equivalent to the original UMTS QoS. In particular, three major components of a DiffServ router, including the scheduler, the dropper, and the meter, have been addressed and novel algorithms have been proposed to make them suitable for a UMTS backbone router. This thesis proposes an efficient, fair scheduling and link sharing system called DDB - FFQ , which has the capability of assigning decoupled delay bounds and bandwidth allocations. This paper also studies the implementation of Random Early Detection (RED) on a shared-memory buffer and proposes new schemes that have improved packet loss ratios. The performance of a multiple node backbone network is then evaluated by using the OPNET simulation package. The results show that in terms of delay and allocated bandwidth, the routers are able to provide the PHBs considered for each traffic aggregate. They also illustrate the link sharing capability of the router in times of congestion.
Enhancing Soccer Camera Calibration Through Keypoint Exploitation
Creators: name: Falaleev, Nikolay S.
name: Chen, Ruilong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate camera calibration is essential for transforming 2D images from camera sensors into 3D world coordinates, enabling precise scene geometry interpretation and supporting sports analytics tasks such as player tracking, offside detection, and performance analysis. However, obtaining a sufficient number of high-quality point pairs remains a significant challenge for both traditional and deep learning-based calibration methods. This paper introduces a multi-stage pipeline that addresses this challenge by leveraging the structural features of the football pitch. Our approach significantly increases the number of usable points for calibration by exploiting line-line and line-conic intersections, points on the conics, and other geometric features. To mitigate the impact of imperfect annotations, we employ data fitting techniques. Our pipeline utilizes deep learning for keypoint and line detection and incorporates geometric constraints based on real-world pitch dimensions. A voter algorithm iteratively selects the most reliable keypoints, further enhancing calibration accuracy. We evaluated our approach on the largest football broadcast camera calibration dataset available, and secured the top position in the SoccerNet Camera Calibration Challenge 2023 [arXiv:2309.06006], which demonstrates the effectiveness of our method in real-world scenarios. The project code is available at https://github.com/NikolasEnt/soccernet-calibration-sportlight .
description: 7th ACM International Workshop on Multimedia Content Analysis in Sports
AdS interpretation of two-point correlation function of QED
Creators: name: Mamedov, Sh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have considered the two-point correlation of QED in worldline formalism. In position space it has been written in terms of heat kernel. This leads to introducing the $K_1$ function, which is related with the bulk-to-boundary propagator of massless scalar field and to reveal bulk-to-boundary propagator in the expression of photon polarization operator.
description: 4 pages, talk given in 11-th Regional Conference on Mathematical Physics, 3-6 May, 2004, Tehran (Iran), Proceedings of 11-th Regional Conference on Mathematical Physics, World Scientific 2005, pp.183-185
Additional file 1 of Supporting strategic health purchasing: a case study of annual health budgets from general tax revenue and social health insurance in Abia state, Nigeria
Creators: name: Mbachu, Chinyere
name: Okeke, Chinyere
name: Obayi, Chinonso
name: Gatome-Munyua, Agnes
name: Olalere, Nkechi
name: Ogbonna, Ikechi
name: Uzochukwu, Benjamin
name: Onwujekwe, Obinna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary file 1. List of official documents reviewed.
Landau level broadening without disorder, non-integer plateaus without interactions - an alternative model of the quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Kramer, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review some aspects of an alternative model of the quantum Hall effect, which is not based on the presence of disorder potentials. Instead, a quantization of the electronic drift current in the presence of crossed electric and magnetic fields is employed to construct a non-linear transport theory. Another important ingredient of the alternative theory is the coupling of the two-dimensional electron gas to the leads and the applied voltages. By working in a picture, where the external voltages fix the chemical potential in the 2D subsystem, the experimentally observed linear relation between the voltage and the location of the quantum Hall plateaus finds an natural explanation. Also, the classical Hall effect emerges as a natural limit of the quantum Hall effect. For low temperatures (or high currents), a non-integer substructure splits higher Landau levels into sublevels. The appearence of substructure and non-integer plateaus in the resistivity is NOT linked to electron-electron interactions, but caused by the presence of a (linear) electric field. Some of the resulting fractions correspond exactly to half-integer plateaus.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, very minor typo fixes
Institutional Analysis of Swidden: The Case of Swiddners in Orissa
Creators: name: Jyotishi, A.
name: Jyotishi, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Swidden
subject: Institution
subject: Land-use
subject: Property-rights
subject: Market-integration
subject: Orissa

description: Swidden being a widespread form of land use in the tropics comprehensively defining it become a difficult task. Its characteristics embrace different types of topography, demographic feature, ethnic and ecological diversities. It also varies in terms of cropping pattern, frequency of land use, tools and methods of practice. It is argued that the institutions governing swidden are static in nature and do not adapt to the requirements of the changing ecological and social needs. This necessitates understanding what characterise institutions in a traditional swiddening society, and hence, changes in these characteristics to appreciate whether swidden is a static form of agriculture or changing over the time and space. There are a few aspects, which underscore the institutional face of swidden. Though, population growth plays a crucial role in swiddening system, it is not a necessary condition that the changes in agricultural institutions are guided by the population factor alone. There are also other forms of institutions to understand whether the swidden system of production is static or not. These include, land -use choices vis-a-vis property right structures and labour sharing arrangements, forms of integration with market, changing technology. They depict the economic interface with institutions. Development and changes in the customs and norms are a few of the analytically complex and notable in stitutional changes in swidden. Considering these factors, we attempt to understand the institutional changes observed in the swidden system. Based on the field survey in five swiddening villages of Orissa, we find varying characteristics of changes in the above discussed institutions that call for a comprehensive understanding of the development processes.
Conformal invariance from scale invariance in non-linear sigma models
Creators: name: Nakayama, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There exists a certain argument that in even dimensions, scale invariant quantum field theories are conformal invariant. We may try to extend the argument in $2n + ε$ dimensions, but the naive extension has a small loophole, which indeed shows an obstruction in non-linear sigma models in $2+ε$ dimensions. Even though it could have failed due to the loophole, we show that scale invariance does imply conformal invariance of non-linear sigma models in $2+ε$ dimension from the seminal work by Perelman on the Ricci flow.
description: 14 pages
Structure and stability of chiral beta-tapes: a computational coarse-grained approach
Creators: name: Bellesia, G.
name: Fedorov, M. V.
name: Kuznetsov, Yu. A.
name: Timoshenko, E. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present two coarse-grained models of different levels of detail for the description of beta-sheet tapes obtained from equilibrium self-assembly of short rationally designed oligopeptides in solution. Here we only consider the case of the homopolymer oligopeptides with the identical sidegroups attached, in which the tapes have a helicoid surface with two equivalent sides. The influence of the chirality parameter on the geometrical characteristics, namely the diameter, inter-strand distance and pitch, of the tapes have been investigated. The two models are found to produceequivalent results suggesting a considerable degree of universality in conformations of the tapes.
description: 24 pages, 5 PS figures. Accepted to J. Chem. Phys
Income Sources, Poverty, and Forest Encroachment: Implications for Rural Development Policies in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Creators: name: Schwarze, Stefan
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Nuryartono, Nunung
name: Schwarze, Stefan
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Nuryartono, Nunung
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: This paper analyses the determinants of income generating activities of rural households in the vicinity of the Lore-Lindu National Park in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The focus is on activities which threaten the integrity of the national park (perennial crop production and sale of forest products) and on non-agricultural activities (wage labour and self-employment) which are able to reduce poverty without threatening the national park. The analysis allows to identify factors which are essentially for the design of policies and programmes aiming to promote rural development and to protect the national park. Perennial crop production and activities outside the agricultural sector are particularly important for the less-poor households, whereas the selling of forest products is especially important for the poorest households. The econometric analysis shows that the possession of irrigated land, the access to social capital, and the participation in formal credit markets positively influences perennial crop production, which is a major source of deforestation. The possession of irrigated land, education, and the access to road infrastructure have a negative influence on the sale of forest products which are mainly collected inside the national park. A key factor influencing income from non-agricultural wage labour is the level of education. Policy conclusions with respect to poverty alleviation and protection of the national park are drawn.
Does Natural Resource Extraction Mitigate Poverty and Inequality? Evidence from Rural Mexico
Creators: name: Lopez-Feldman, Alejandro
name: Mora, Jorge
name: Taylor, J. Edward
name: Lopez-Feldman, Alejandro
name: Mora, Jorge
name: Taylor, J. Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The potential importance of natural resources in poor rural household livelihoods has long been recognized but seldom quantified and analyzed. In this paper we examine distributional and poverty effects of natural resource extraction. To do so we use new data from a national rural household survey and a community survey implemented in Lacandona Rainforest of México. By using Gini and poverty decomposition techniques, as well as bootstrapping methods, we analyze how poverty and inequality change if income from natural resources is not considered when calculating total household income. The marginal impact that a change in price (or in availability) of resources has on inequality is also described. Finally, with information from Frontera Corozal, the community in the Selva Lacandona , the short-run poverty effects of changes in the price of a non-timber forest product (NTFP) are evaluated. Our findings highlight the importance of income from natural resource extraction in alleviating poverty and income inequality in rural México. The loss of income from resource extraction would significantly affect both poverty and inequality nationally as well as in the resource-rich South-Southeast region and in the Lacandona Rainforest community. This research takes a first step towards assessing non-timber forest products extraction as a poverty alleviating tool. Results from the simulation of NTFP price increases in Frontera Corozal show that poverty can be reduced, at least in the short-run, via this price mechanism.
Formation of dispersive shock waves in a saturable nonlinear medium
Creators: name: Ivanov, Sergey K.
name: Suchorski, Jules-Elemir
name: Kamchatnov, Anatoly M.
name: Isoard, Mathieu
name: Pavloff, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Gurevich-Pitaevskii approach based on the Whitham averaging method for studying the formation of dispersive shock waves in an intense light pulse propagating through a saturable nonlinear medium. Although the Whitham modulation equations cannot be diagonalized in this case, the main characteristics of the dispersive shock can be derived by means of an analysis of the properties of these equations at the boundaries of the shock. Our approach generalizes a previous analysis of step-like initial intensity distributions to a more realistic type of initial light pulse and makes it possible to determine, in a setting of experimental interest, the value of measurable quantities such as the wave-breaking time or the position and light intensity of the shock edges.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
Concentration in Hungarian Food Retailing and Supplier-Retailer Relationships
Creators: name: Juhasz, Aniko
name: Stauder, Marta
name: Juhasz, Aniko
name: Stauder, Marta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: food retailing
subject: concentration
subject: market structure
subject: supplier-retailer relationships

description: The paper is a summary about the Hungarian retail sector based on the results of different research projects completed in the last five years. From all of these studies and of course the wide ranging domestic and international literature we had to conclude that the retailers have become more and more the exclusive owner of the information about the consumers and with this they become the new "captains" of the food chain. Thus we always started our research with gathering information about the situation of the Hungarian retail sector because we believed if we want to help those who try to adapt (the suppliers) then we have to know much more about those who dictate (the retailers). Analysing the concentration in company and not branch level we can say that the cumulated concentration line of the CR-10 companies are very similar to that of the processing and the retail sector. But there is a very important difference in the absolute numbers. This is a further sign of the size and power difference in favour of retailing.
Hydrogen atom in phase space: The Wigner representation
Creators: name: Praxmeyer, L.
name: Mostowski, J.
name: Wodkiewicz, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have found an effective method of calculating the Wigner function, being a quantum analogue of joint probability distribution of position and momentum, for bound states of nonrelativistic hydrogen atom. The formal similarity between the eigenfunctions of nonrelativistic hydrogen atom in the momentum representation and Klein-Gordon propagators has allowed the calculation of the Wigner function for an arbitrary bound state of the hydrogen atom. These Wigner functions for some low lying states are depicted and discussed.
description: 8 pages (including figures)
Optoelectronic device simulations based on macroscopic Maxwell-Bloch equations
Creators: name: Jirauschek, Christian
name: Riesch, Michael
name: Tzenov, Petar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to their intuitiveness, flexibility and relative numerical efficiency, the macroscopic Maxwell-Bloch (MB) equations are a widely used semiclassical and semi-phenomenological model to describe optical propagation and coherent light-matter interaction in media consisting of discrete-level quantum systems. This review focuses on the application of this model to advanced optoelectronic devices, such as quantum cascade and quantum dot lasers. The Bloch equations are here treated as a density matrix model for driven quantum systems with two or multiple discrete energy levels, where dissipation is included by Lindblad terms. Furthermore, the one-dimensional MB equations for semiconductor waveguide structures and optical fibers are rigorously derived. Special analytical solutions and suitable numerical methods are presented. Due to the importance of the MB equations in computational electrodynamics, an emphasis is placed on the comparison of different numerical schemes, both with and without the rotating wave approximation. The implementation of additional effects which can become relevant in semiconductor structures, such as spatial hole burning, inhomogeneous broadening and local-field corrections, is discussed. Finally, links to microscopic models and suitable extensions of the Lindblad formalism are briefly addressed.
description: 54 pages, 23 figures
The Impact of Social Capital on Economic Performance of Agricultural Producers in the Czech Republic
Creators: name: Wolz, Axel
name: Fritzsch, Jana
name: Pencakova, Jitka
name: Wolz, Axel
name: Fritzsch, Jana
name: Pencakova, Jitka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: corporate farms
subject: private farms
subject: social capital
subject: cross sectional models
subject: Czech Republic

description: In the Czech Republic, agricultural production is still dominated by corporate farms. Private farms have been established since the change of the political regime, but their role is not that relevant as originally anticipated. Among both groups, some have been economically more successful than others. In general, a varying adoption of pr oduction factors is identified as being of influence. Whether their ability to collaborate with other farms is an additional factor which has been discussed under the concept of social capital since quite some time will be analyzed in this paper. Based on the findings of a survey among a sample of 62 farms by adopting factor and multiple regression analysis it can be deduced that social capital is indeed a significant factor determining the level of agricultural income.
Quantum law of large numbers for Banach spaces
Creators: name: Dzhenzher, S.
name: Sakbaev, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider random operators $Ω\to \mathcal{L}(\ell_p, \ell_p)$ for some $1 \leqslant p < \infty$. The law of large numbers is known in the case $p=2$ in the form of usual law of large numbers. Instead of sum of i.i.d. variables there may be considered the composition of random semigroups $e^{A_i t/n}$. We obtain the law of large numbers for the case $p \leqslant 2$.
description: 11 pages
Additional file 1 of Impact of COVID-19 on routine malaria indicators in rural Uganda: an interrupted time series analysis
Creators: name: Namuganga, Jane F.
name: Briggs, Jessica
name: Roh, Michelle E.
name: Okiring, Jaffer
name: Kisambira, Yasin
name: Sserwanga, Asadu
name: Kapisi, James A.
name: Arinaitwe, Emmanuel
name: Ebong, Chris
name: Ssewanyana, Isaac
name: Maiteki-Ssebuguzi, Catherine
name: Kamya, Moses R.
name: Staedke, Sarah G.
name: Dorsey, Grant
name: Nankabirwa, Joaniter I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Observed mean proportion of patients with suspected malaria tested with a laboratory diagnostic over the study period. Vertical red line represents the start of the COVID-19 time-period on 1 April, 2020. Vertical black dashed line represents the 6-month midpoint of the COVID-19 time period (1 October, 2020).
Estimating Economic Health Costs of Not Controlling Toxic Water Pollution
Creators: name: Easter, K. William
name: Konishi, Yoshifumi
name: Easter, K. William
name: Konishi, Yoshifumi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: welfare costs
subject: arsenic
subject: mercury
subject: Atrazine
subject: information
subject: water

description: The purpose of this paper is to determine what types of information may be important in determining the welfare benefits of preventing toxic water contamination when a given type of toxification occurs (or is likely to occur) in a given setting. It attempts to identify information and behavior issues that need to be considered when policy makers and others wish to obtain reasonable estimates of welfare benefits and weigh them against the economic costs of removing toxins. This paper also provides reasonable "scenarios" for three toxic pollutants that are found in water bodies (surface water or groundwater). We make use of two country alternatives--one in developing countries and the other in developed countries--to demonstrate, with specific examples of arsenic, mercury and atrazine, how welfare estimates may vary when a particular behavioral/informational scenario or a particular type of chemical contamination occurs.
Brane world corrections to Newton's law
Creators: name: Bronnikov, K. A.
name: Kononogov, S. A.
name: Melnikov, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss possible variations of the effective gravitational constant with length scale, predicted by most of alternative theories of gravity and unified models of physical interactions. After a brief general exposition, we review in more detail the predicted corrections to Newton's law of gravity in diverse brane world models. We consider various configurations in 5 dimensions (flat, de Sitter and AdS branes in Einstein and Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theories, with and without induced gravity and possible incomplete graviton localization), 5D multi-brane systems and some models in higher dimensions. A common feature of all models considered is the existence of corrections to Newton's law at small radii comparable with the bulk characteristic length: at such radii, gravity on the brane becomes effectively multidimensional. Many models contain superlight perturbation modes, which modify gravity at large scale and may be important for astrophysics and cosmology.
description: Brief review, 16 pages, 92 references. Some description and references added
Thermal Hall conductivity in the cuprate Mott insulators Nd$_2$CuO$_4$ and Sr$_2$CuO$_2$Cl$_2$
Creators: name: Boulanger, Marie-Eve
name: Grissonnanche, Gaël
name: Badoux, Sven
name: Allaire, Andréanne
name: Lefrançois, Étienne
name: Legros, Anaëlle
name: Gourgout, Adrien
name: Dion, Maxime
name: Wang, C. H.
name: Chen, X. H.
name: Liang, R.
name: Hardy, W. N.
name: Bonn, D. A
name: Taillefer, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heat carriers responsible for the unexpectedly large thermal Hall conductivity of the cuprate Mott insulator La$_2$CuO$_4$ were recently shown to be phonons. However, the mechanism by which phonons in cuprates acquire chirality in a magnetic field is still unknown. Here, we report a similar thermal Hall conductivity in two cuprate Mott insulators with significantly different crystal structures and magnetic orders - Nd$_2$CuO$_4$ and Sr$_2$CuO$_2$Cl$_2$ - and show that two potential mechanisms can be excluded - the scattering of phonons by rare-earth impurities and by structural domains. Our comparative study further reveals that orthorhombicity, apical oxygens, the tilting of oxygen octahedra and the canting of spins out of the CuO$_2$ planes are not essential to the mechanism of chirality. Our findings point to a chiral mechanism coming from a coupling of acoustic phonons to the intrinsic excitations of the CuO$_2$ planes.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures
The Promotion of Rural Tourism in Korea and Other East Asia Countries: Policies and Implementation
Creators: name: Lee, Jae-Ouk
name: Thomson, Kenneth J.
name: Lee, Jae-Ouk
name: Thomson, Kenneth J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: rural tourism
subject: Korea
subject: East Asia
subject: tourism policy

description: Within a context of global trade liberalisation and constrained national budgets, agriculture in many countries has proved incapable of sustaining household livelihoods an d socio-economic development in rural areas. The post-war industrial success of several Asian countries has suggested various alternatives for rural development, including tourism for domestic and possibly foreign visitors. After outlining the economic characteristics of rural tourism and its policies, this paper reviews the evolution of government policies in this area in East Asia, including the establishment of "tourist farms" and "pilot scheme" villages in Korea since the 1980s. A field survey of some 200 Korean village leaders and others, undertaken in 2004, is reported as to the attitudes of this policy clientele towards the tourist potential of their own villages, and ways of exploiting this potential. On this basis, conclusions are drawn as to future policies in this area, taking into account the capabilities of the rural population in East Asian countries, and the need for and scope of governmental action.
Additional file 1 of Keywords reflecting sepsis presentation based on mode of emergency department arrival: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Wallgren, Ulrika Margareta
name: Larsson, Eric
name: Su, Anna
name: Short, Jennifer
name: Järnbert-Pettersson, Hans
name: Kurland, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: (PDF). Definition of severe sepsis.
What Motivates Farms to Associate? The Case of Two Competing Czech Agricultural Associations
Creators: name: Bavorova, Miroslava
name: Curtiss, Jarmila
name: Bavorova, Miroslava
name: Curtiss, Jarmila
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Associations
subject: agricultural enterprises
subject: Czech agriculture
subject: selective incentives
subject: individual farms
subject: transition

description: The study investigates determinants of affiliation with the two strongest associations in Czech agriculture. These represent Agricultural Association grouping large-scale enterprises and Association of Private Farmers, respectively. Our objective is to analyze whether associations with different types of members (large-scale enterprises vs. private farmers) experience different motives for joining or lapsing. Moreover, we investigate if there are characteristics of the associations' members which positively correlate to membership. The results imply that political lobbying is the main entry incentive for both large-scale enterprises and individual farmers. Informal information exchange is a more significant motivation for private farmers than for agricultural enterprises. To the question of who affiliates, we found that the probability of association membership of individual private farms significantly increases with employment of external workers and their commercial orientation, and the probability of association membership of large-scale agricultural enterprises significantly increases with the increasing share of livestock production on the total agricultural revenues and the increasing share of employee ownership.
Dynamic Efficiency Analysis using a Directional Distance Function
Creators: name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Silva, Elvira
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Silva, Elvira
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: Input-based dynamic efficiency measures are derived from an adjustment-cost directional distance function approach. A dynamic input directional distance function can be generated from an adjustment-cost technology where the dynamics are explicitly incorporated in the form of the properties of the input requirement sets with respect to the quasi-fixed factors. The properties of the dynamic input directional distance function are inherited from the properties of the technology. The efficiency measures are then applied to a panel data set of Dutch horticulture firms over the period 1991-1995.
Standards as Barriers and Catalysts for Trade and Poverty Reduction
Creators: name: Maertens, Miet
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Maertens, Miet
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
International Relations/Trade

description: The importance of food standards in global agricultural trade has increased strongly, but the effects are uncertain. Several studies argue that these standards imposed by high-income countries diminish the export opportunities for developing countries and concentrate the benefits of trade with processing and retailing companies and large farms, thereby casting doubt on the development impact of international agricultural trade. Other argue that the standards can be catalysts for growth. In this paper we critically review the arguments and empirical evidence on the link between increasing food standards, developing country exports and welfare in those countries. We conclude that the evidence is often weaker as claimed. We also provide new insights from two recent survey-based empirical studies. We conclude that standards can be a catalyst for trade, growth and poverty reduction in developing countries.
On ideals generated by monomials and one binomial
Creators: name: Barile, Margherita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13E15; 13A10; 13A15; 14M10; 14F20

description: We determine, in a polynomial ring over a field, the arithmetical rank of certain ideals generated by a set of monomials and one binomial.