cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Photometric Method for Quantifying Asymmetries in Disk Galaxies
Creators: name: Kornreich, David A.
name: Haynes, Martha P.
name: Lovelace, Richard V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A photometric method for quantifying deviations from axisymmetry in optical images of disk galaxies is applied to a sample of 32 face-on and nearly face-on spirals. The method involves comparing the relative fluxes contained within trapezoidal sectors arranged symmetrically about the galaxy center of light, excluding the bulge and/or barred regions. Such a method has several advantages over others, especially when quantifying asymmetry in flocculent galaxies. Specifically, the averaging of large regions improves the signal-to-noise in the measurements; the method is not strongly affected by the presence of spiral arms; and it identifies the kinds of asymmetry that are likely to be dynamically important. Application of this "method of sectors" to R-band images of 32 disk galaxies indicates that about 30% of spirals show deviations from axisymmetry at the 5-sigma level.
description: 17 pages, 2 tables and 6 figures, uses psfig and AAS LaTex; to appear in AJ
On Melonic Supertensor Models
Creators: name: Chang, Chi-Ming
name: Colin-Ellerin, Sean
name: Rangamani, Mukund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a class of supersymmetric quantum mechanical theories (with two supercharges) having tensor-valued degrees of freedom which are dominated by melon diagrams in the large $N$ limit. One motivation was to examine the interplay between supersymmetry and melonic dominance and potential implications for building toy models of holography. We find a definite tension between supersymmetry (with dynamical bosons) and melonic dominance in this class of systems. More specifically, our theories attain a low energy non-supersymmetric conformal fixed point. The origin of supersymmetry breaking lies in the need to regularize bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom independently. We investigate various aspects of the low energy spectrum and also comment on related examples with different numbers of supercharges. Along the way we also derive some technical results for $SL(2,{\mathbb R})$ wavefunctions for fermionic excitations.
description: 37+19 pages; v2: references added. v3: typos fixed. published version
Beam-Column behaviour of concrete-filled elliptical hollow sections
Creators: name: Qiu, Wei
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Concrete filled elliptical hollow sections (CFEHS) are a relatively new addition to the range of composite cross-sections available to structural engineers. The European design code EN 1994-1-1 (BSI, 2004) provides design rules for composite cross-sections, including concrete filled circular hollow sections (CFCHS) and concrete filled rectangular sections (CFRHS), but CFEHS are not considered in the present design code. In order to contribute to the development of design provisions for CFEHS, a comprehensive experimental and numerical study of their column and beam-column behaviour has been carried out. The testing programme covered a range of member lengths, reinforcement ratios and loading eccentricities and consisted of 27 column and beam-column member tests, 70 concrete cylinder compression tests, 3 reinforcing bar tensile tests and 2 steel tube tensile coupon tests. Numerical models were developed using the nonlinear finite element package Abaqus and validated against the experimental results. Using the validated models, detailed numerical parametric studies of CFEHS members have been conducted addressing three different scenarios: (1) members under axial compression, (2) members under combined axial compression and uniaxial bending and (3) members under combined axial compression and biaxial bending. Based on the combined test and numerical data set, along with previous experimental results reported in the literature, new design rules for CFEHS are proposed. It is shown that the current provisions of EN 1994-1-1 (BSI, 2004) for the design of CFCHS and CFRHS are appropriate for the design of members of elliptical cross-section, using either buckling curve b or c, depending on the level of steel reinforcement for members under axial compression. Cross-section axial load-moment (N-M) interaction curves are generally employed for the design of composite members under combined loading. A numerical approach, developed in Matlab, was used to the generate the N-M interaction diagram for CFEHS, which was found to offer a suitable design basis to be used in conjunction with calculated axial forces and second-order moments. Finally, an assessment of the reliability of the design proposals for CFEHS columns and beam-columns in accordance with Annex D of EN 1990 (BSI, 2002) was carried out.
Effects of parenteral or intranasal modified-live virus respiratory vaccination and revaccination on day 14 in auction-derived feedlot heifers
Creators: name: Auchard, Erica
name: Hardee, Deana V.
name: Koers, Wally C.
name: Davis, Shane
name: Parks, Tim R.
name: Richeson, John T.
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2024
Subjects: intranasal
parenteral
vaccination
bovine respiratory

description: Auction-derived beef heifers were received in 12 arrival blocks and randomized to 4 treatment groups: 1) parenteral MLV vacci­nation on d 0 (INJ), 2) intranasal MLV vaccination on d 0 (INT), 3) parenteral MLV vaccination on d 0 and revaccination with intranasal on d 14 (INJ-R), 4) intranasal MLV vaccination on d 0 and revaccination with intranasal on d 14 (INT-R). Pen was experimental unit, with 12 pens/treatment and 65 to 76 heif­ers/pen in a randomized complete block design. Performance, health, carcass traits and BRSV and H. somni frequency of car­riage in the nasopharynx of revaccinated groups on d 0 and 60 was determined. Morbidity (P = 0.95), mortal­ity (P = 0.80), and other health variables (P > 0.74) did not dif­fer. However, an improvement in gain-to-feed (G:F) (P = 0.04), increased ribeye area (REA) (P ≤ 0.01) and percentage of edible livers (P ≤ 0.01) was observed for INJ and INJ-R. The BRSV (P = 0.09) and H. somni (P < 0.01) frequency of carriage in the naso­pharynx increased with time but no treatment effect (P ≥ 0.23) nor treatment x day interaction (P ≥ 0.29) existed. Revaccina­tion with an intranasal MLV did not impact health or growth, and arrival intranasal vaccination (INT and INT-R) resulted in less G:F and REA concomitant with increased liver absces­sation, compared to parenteral (INJ and INJ-R). Detection of H. somni in the nasopharynx was frequent on d 60, suggesting important prevalence of this bacterial pathogen in the south­ern U.S. cattle population.
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 58 No. 1 (2024): ONLINE FIRST
Scalable techniques for analysing and testing asynchronous software systems
Creators: name: Deligiannis, Pantazis
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: This thesis is about scalable analysis and testing techniques for asynchronous programs. Due to their highly-concurrent nature, the number of states that such programs can reach grows exponentially (in the worst case) with program size, leading to state-space explosion. For this reason, searching the state-space of real-world asynchronous programs to find bugs is computationally expensive, and thus it is important to develop analysis and testing techniques that can scale well. However, techniques typically scale by sacrificing precision. Detecting only true bugs - versus reporting a large number of false alarms - is crucial to increasing the productivity of developers. Alas, finding the fine balance between precision and scalability is a challenging problem. Motivated by this challenge, we focus on developing tools and techniques for analysing and testing two different kinds of real-world asynchronous programs: device drivers and distributed systems. In this thesis we make the following three original contributions: 1. A novel symbolic lockset analysis that can detect all potential data races in a device driver. Our analysis avoids reasoning about thread interleavings and thus scales well. Exploiting the race-freedom guarantees provided by our analysis, we achieve a sound partial-order reduction that significantly accelerates Corral, an industrial-strength bug-finder for concurrent programs. 2. The design and implementation of P#, a new programming language for building, analysing and testing asynchronous programs. The novelty of P# is that it is comes with a static data race analysis and controlled testing infrastructure, which makes a strong move towards building highly-reliable asynchronous programs. 3. A new approach for partially-modelling and testing production-scale asynchronous distributed systems using P#. We report our experience of applying P# on Azure Storage vNext, a cloud storage system developed inside Microsoft, and show how P# managed to detect a subtle liveness bug that had remained unresolved even after months of troubleshooting using conventional testing techniques.
IMAGING SPECTROPHOTOMETRY OF MARKARIAN 573
Creators: name: Pogge, Richard
name: De Robertis, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Narrow-band emission-line and continuum images obtained in subarcsecond seeing conditions are presented for the Seyfert~2 galaxy, Markarian 573. Images in the emission-lines of [\oi], [\oii], [\oiii], [\sii], and \halpha+[\nii] are used to measure the structure and excitation in the extended emission regions surrounding the active nucleus. The biconical region contains a variety of complex features, including two arc-like structures within $\sim 2\arcsec$ of the active nucleus that appear to be associated with the extended radio continuum emission in the sense that the radio lobes lie just inside the centroids of the emission-line arcs. These arcs probably arise from an interaction between the ISM and the radio plasma from the active nucleus. Two other emission-line features lie $\sim3-4\arcsec$ on either side of the nucleus, and appear to be elongated nearly perpendicular to the symmetry axis of the inner radio and optical structures. The existence of multiple emission-line components could be evidence for episodic ejection of radio plasma from the active nucleus.
description: Accepted by ApJ. 24 pages, uuencoded compressed PostScript. 11 Figures (compressed PostScript) available from anonymous ftp at ftp://bessel.mps.ohio-state.edu/pub/rwp/m573/prefigs.ps.Z A complete (text+figs) compressed PostScript preprint is also available at ftp://bessel.mps.ohio-state.edu/pub/rwp/m573/mrk573pre.ps.Z
Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Proboscidea
Elephantidae
Elephas
Elephas maximus

description: Elephas maximus [spec. nov.]
Elephas. Raj. quadr. 123. Syst. nat. 11. Seb. mus. 1. t. 111. f. 1.
Elephantus. Gesn. qvadr. 377. Aldr. quadr. l. 1. c. 9. Jonst. quadr. 30. t. 78. f. 9.
Habitat in Zeylonae paludosis ad Amnes, edit Ramos, Cocos, Guilandinae semina, Frumentum.
Maximum quadrupes. Oculi parvi. Dentes Laniarii superiores exserti (Ebur). Aures amplissimae, pendulae, dentatae; act. angl. 277. p. 1051. Cutis crassissima, callosa. Mammae 2 juxta pectus. Ungues in apicibus loborum pedum. Genua flexilia. Collum breve.
Proboscis longissima, extensilis, acute odorans, loco manus ipsi inserviens; ea cibum potumque haurit, hostemque pellit; ea praecisa occiditur; murem metuit sub somno ob tracheae insertionem. Retro coit & mingit. Portat domos, rectore collo insidente; in bello armatur falcibus; vulnusculo inter axin & atlantem furiosus occiditur; caeterum prudens, docilis.
Paxwax, Ligamentum album, ad Caput elevandum & Collum sustinendum, commune est quadrupedibus; at deest Homini & Simiis, cum erecti plerumque sedeant & incedant, nec eo indigeant. Rajus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 33, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
The aeitiopathogenesis of cutaneous wound failure in Crohn’s disease
Creators: name: Daulatzai, Najibullah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Crohn’s disease (CD) is a multi-system condition with multiple cutaneous manifestations. Perineal wound failure is a common complication following surgery in CD. Despite advancements of our understanding of the underlying disease process in intestinal CD, our knowledge in the aetiopathogenesis of skin involvement is still lacking. Risk factors, which contribute to the development of an unhealed perineum following surgery was assessed. The rate for an unhealed perineum at 12 months following surgery was 23%. Poorer healing took place in patients with pre-existing perineal sepsis, but no significant difference was found between patients with IBD or cancer. Subsequent studies assessed immune cell function as a potential contributor to wound failure in CD. Dendritic cells (DC) are specialised antigen-presenting cells that play a central role in intestinal CD pathogenesis. DC dictate type of T-cell immunity and T-cell homing profiles, however wound DC have yet to be characterised. DC were successfully identified from all wound tissue. Expression of skin- homing molecule (CLA) was reduced on wound DC in CD compared with controls. Wound DC were found to stimulate dose-dependent allogeneic T-cell proliferation; both wound and blood DC from CD patients were significantly less stimulatory than their control DC counterparts. Furthermore, DC from CD patients generated T-cells with enhanced expression of CLA compared to T-cells stimulated by control DC in wound tissue and blood. Aberrant expression of skin-homing marker CLA on DC and T-cells that they stimulate may contribute to alterations in immune cell migration in CD. Taken with the restricted stimulatory capacity of DC in CD wounds, it is likely that a loss of DC function occurs contributing to wound failure. Histological assessment suggested an increase in plasma cells in CD wound tissue compared to non-CD wound tissue, further highlighting an immunological aetiology for the aberrant healing in CD. Finally, a randomised control study to assess quality of life benefits and effects on wound dimensions of regular wound digitation against current standard practice of community nurse-led dressings in the management of open perineal wounds was investigated. Wound digitation had a significant reduction in pain, restriction of daily activities and degree of induration, whilst having a comparable healing rate to regular dressings.
Magyar békefenntartók afrikai tapasztalatai: Angola és Uganda
Creators: name: János, Besenyő
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160604 Defence Studies
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 210310 Middle Eastern and African History
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: Hungarian peacekeepers experinces in Angola and Uganda
Lower limit on the ultra-high-energy proton-to-helium ratio from the measurements of the tail of $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ distribution
Creators: name: Karpikov, Ivan S.
name: Rubtsov, Grigory I.
name: Zhezher, Yana V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are multiple techniques to determine the chemical composition of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. While most of the methods are primarily sensitive to the average atomic mass, it is challenging to discriminate between the two lightest elements: proton and helium. In this paper, the proton-to-helium ratio in the energy range $10^{18.0} \mbox{eV}$ to $10^{19.3} \mbox{eV}$ is estimated using the tail of the distribution of the depth of the shower maximum $X_{\mathrm{max}}$. Using the exponential decay scale $Λ$ measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array experiment we derive the 68\%\,CL constraints on the proton-to-helium ratio $\mathrm{p}/\mathrm{He} > 7.3 $ and $\mathrm{p}/\mathrm{He} > 0.43 $ for $10^{18.0} < E < 10^{18.5}$ eV and $10^{18.3} < E < 10^{19.3}$ eV correspondingly. It is shown that the result is conservative with respect to the admixture of heavier elements. We evaluate the impact of the hadronic interaction model uncertainty. The implications for the astrophysical models of the origin of cosmic rays and the safety of the future colliders are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 2 of Primo: integration of multiple GWAS and omics QTL summary statistics for elucidation of molecular mechanisms of trait-associated SNPs and detection of pleiotropy in complex traits
Creators: name: Gleason, Kevin J.
name: Yang, Fan
name: Pierce, Brandon L.
name: He, Xin
name: Chen, Lin S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2 Review history.
Calibration of a personalised model of left atrial electrophysiology
Creators: name: Ali, Rheeda
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Patient-specific computer models of the human atria have the potential to aid clinical intervention in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias if suitably validated. An anatomically accurate, patient-specific map of the electrical conductivity of the left atrial tissue is obtained using data from delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and validated against clinical electroanatomic mapping measurements. The patient-specific intensity maps from two accepted image segmentation and registration techniques are evaluated and compared, and the approach is shown to be highly sensitive to the technique used. The segmentation technique and direction of the maximum intensity projection are both critical in interpreting regions of fibrosis from the patient specific intensity maps. The clinical data suggests a linear relationship between the intensity and the local conduction velocity, which is incorporated into the atrial model through calibration of the conductivity tensor. Simulations of the resulting atrial models produce activation patterns that strongly correlate with clinical recordings. A novel semi-automated algorithm is used for landmark selection for image registration for spatially comparing the electroanatomical and MRI based images. The thesis concludes with a discussion of using the resulting computational model to interrogate the underlying structural and functional substrates of patients with atrial fibrillation.
Trichechus Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Sirenia
Trichechidae
Trichechus

description: Trichechus [gen. nov.]
Dentes Primores nulli.
Laniarii superiores solitarii.
Molares ex osse rugoso utrinque inferius duo.
Labia geminata.
Pedes posteriores coadunati in pinnam.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 34, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Catalytic conversion of fructrose, glucose and cellulose to 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF)
Creators: name: Eminov, Sanan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The current dominant raw material for the energy and chemical sectors worldwide is crude oil. Within the last few years, petroleum prices have increased, geo-political stability has decreased, and supply has been threatened, driving a renewed interest across academic, government, and corporate centres to utilise biomass as an alternative raw material. The quest to make useful chemicals and fuels, which are potentially versatile intermediates between bio-based carbohydrate chemistry and petroleum-based organic chemistry, is among the most active research areas in chemistry. Many of the most promising alternatives for the sustainable supply of fuels and valuable chemicals are biomass resources. However, this process requires both economically and environmentally efficient methods before a biorefinery platform can be built on the basis of this route. In this research, the high-yield conversion of fructose, glucose and cellulose to the versatile intermediate 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is described. The role of different transition metal salts in dithiocarbamate-based, hydrogensulfate-based and chloridebased ionic liquids in this process was investigated. Among all those investigated, the chromium(III) chloride catalyst system in hydrogensulfate-based ionic liquids was found to be the most effective method for conversion of fructose, giving an HMF yield of 96% whereas a chloride-based ionic liquid was found to be the most effective method for converting glucose to HMF, achieving a yield of 90%. Little or no side products (such as formic acid, levulinic acid, or humins) were observed, indicating the selectivity of the system. The activity of various catalysts for the conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was investigated under different conditions including lower and higher temperatures and addition of co-solvents. The most challenging of the substrates investigated was cellulose, representing the closest substrate to untreated biomass. The best yield of HMF obtained from this substrate was 58% after one hour at 150 °C, which compares well with leading values in the literature. In these studies, the effects of temperature, substrate concentration, co-solvent addition and the nature of the ionic liquid were all investigated.
Nyugat-Szahara: A „zöld menet” és az azt követő események
Creators: name: János, Besenyő
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160604 Defence Studies
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 210310 Middle Eastern and African History
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: Green March in Western Sahara
Cluster mass estimation from lens magnification
Creators: name: van Kampen, Eelco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface mass density of a cluster of galaxies, and thus its total mass, can be estimated from its lens magnification. The magnification can be determined from the variation in number counts of its background galaxies. In the weak lensing approximation the surface mass density is a linear function of the magnification. However, most observational data is concentrated in the central parts of clusters, so one needs to go beyond the weak lensing approximation, and consider the lens shear as well, which is unknown from the variation in number counts alone. We studied the lensing properties of a catalogue of numerical cluster models in order to find the best possible approximation for the shear which still allows straightforward determination of the surface mass density. We show that by using such an approximation one can fairly well reconstruct the surface mass distribution from the magnification alone. It is demonstrated that the mass estimated using the weak lens magnification approximation is usually at least twice the true mass. We illustrate our technique on existing data, and show that the resulting masses compare well to other estimates.
description: 18 pages, including 12 figures, TeX with special macros included, accepted for publication in MNRAS, also available at http://www.tac.dk/~eelco/papers/mag.ps.gz (with better looking figures !)
Predicting immunization status at arrival in Tennessee stocker calves
Creators: name: Hunkler, Claire
name: Schneider, Liesel L.
name: Strickland, Lew
name: Caldwell, Marc
name: Rowan, Troy
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2024
Subjects: bovine respiratory disease
stocker cattle
southeast
preconditioning

description: This study aimed to test if externally observed physical char­acteristics of calves on arrival at a stocker facility could be used to predict calfhood immunization status based on ob­served antibody titer levels. Knowledge of highly correlated features could allow stocker operators to mitigate the risk of bovine respiratory disease through informed buying practices and targeted management strategies, thus lowering morbidi­ty, mortality and treatment costs. Ear notches, blood and visu­al attributes were collected for 408 stocker calves at 4 farms in Tennessee. Each animal was tested for bovine viral diarrhea vi­rus-persistently infected status and titer levels for 3 viral agents that are present in most respiratory disease vaccines. Multiple visual characteristics were predictive of likely vaccination for BRD-causing agents, including the presence of a prior ear tag (1.6 times), castrated males (1.26 times), polled cattle (4.8 times), body condition score (1.46 times per full score), and being de­clared vaccinated or preconditioned (2.2 times).


Additionally, we followed 60 calves through the stocker phase to ascertain how preconditioning affected downstream health events and performance. We found that preconditioned calves had lower BRD incidence, a higher occurrence of multiple detectible viral titers, and gained more weight over 56 days than did naïve cattle. Interestingly, many calves marketed as preconditioned did not have detectible viral titers on arrival. This work identifies informed, practical solutions and man­agement decisions for stocker operations when purchasing calves. It also lays the groundwork for future work identifying ways to deliver precision management to stocker cattle.
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 58 No. 1 (2024): ONLINE FIRST
The abundance of satellite galaxies in the inner region of $Λ$CDM Milky Way sized haloes
Creators: name: Li, Ming
name: Gao, Liang
name: Wang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concordance $Λ$CDM cosmology predicts tens of satellite galaxies distributed in the inner region ($<40\ \lkpc$) of the Milky Way (MW), yet at most $12$ were discovered at present day, including 3 discovered very recently by Dark Energy Survey (DES) and 5 from other surveys (e.g. PanSTARRS, MagLiteS). We use $5$ ultra-high resolution simulations of MW sized dark matter haloes from the $\aqua$ project, combined with $\galf$ semi-analytical galaxy formation model, to investigate properties of the model satellite galaxy population inside $40\ \lkpc$ of MW sized haloes. On average, in each halo this model predicts about $20$ inner satellite galaxies, among them $5$ are comparable to the classic satellites in the luminosity, these are in stark contrast to the corresponding numbers in observations. We further investigate the survivability of these model inner satellites in the presence of a central stellar disk with a set of ideal simulations. These are done by re-evolving a quarter (30) of the whole $\aqua$ inner satellite galaxies (121) by including a static disk potential in addition to the MW halo. Our finding is that the additional disk completely disrupt 40 percents of these satellites and results in $14$ satellite galaxies within the $40\ \lkpc$ of each $\aqua$ at the end, in reasonably well agreement with observations.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Foamy virus vector integration and application in gene therapy
Creators: name: Sweeney, Nathan Paul
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Foamy viruses (FVs) are unique ancient retroviruses that infect all non-human primates, but do not cause disease. We aimed to understand the FV pre-integration complex by isolating it from infected cells and characterising its protein constituents. Using a PCR to quantify integration in infected cells, we determined that integration occurs from 10 hours post-transduction. In synchronised cells, the peak of integration correlated well with cells passing through mitosis. However, we were unable to detect in vitro strand-transfer activity to indicate that active pre-integration complexes had been isolated. We conclude that FV pre-integration complexes are likely to be inactive in the conditions tested. A further aim was to optimise FV vectors for use in mesenchymal stem cells and test this vector in mouse models of sphingolipidoses, namely metachromatic leukodystrophy and Krabbe disease. We permitted transduction of cells at a high multiplicity of infection by exchanging the envelope from the prototype FV to that of the macaque. We tested various FV vectors in mesenchymal stem cells and determined that the non-toxic macaque envelope increased transduction efficiency from under 65% to over 95% in a single round of transduction. We achieved high and sustained transgene expression using the phosphoglycerate kinase promoter. Transduced MSCs delivered to the brains of the mouse model for metachromatic leukodystrophy caused only a modest improvement in sulphatide storage, the primary biochemical output for efficacy, although results are inconclusive. In the mouse model for Krabbe disease, transduced MSCs delivered to the brain or the peritoneum had no effect on disease progression. In conclusion, FV vectors are suited to gene therapy of MSCs since they offer the highest transduction efficiency from a single round of transduction, while MSC based gene therapy strategies for Krabbe disease or metachromatic leukodystrophy are unlikely to offer clinical benefit.
PULSARS WITH STRONG MAGNETIC FIELDS: POLAR GAPS, BOUND PAIR CREATION AND NONTHERMAL LUMINOSITIES
Creators: name: Usov, V. V.
name: Melrose, D. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modifications to polar-gap models for pulsars are discussed for the case where the surface magnetic field, $B_§$, of the neutron star is strong. For $B\ga4\times10^8\rm\,T$, the curvature $γ$-quanta emitted tangentially to the curved force lines of the magnetic field are captured near the threshold of bound pair creation and are channelled along the magnetic field as bound electron-positron pairs (positronium). The stability of such bound pairs against ionization by the parallel electric field, $E_\parallel$, in the polar cap, and against photoionization is discussed. Unlike free pairs, bound pairs do not screen $E_\parallel$ near the neutron star. As a consequence, the energy flux in highly relativistic particles and high-frequency (X-ray and/or $γ$-ray) radiation from the polar gaps can be much greater than in the absence of positronium formation. We discuss this enhancement for (a) Arons-type models, in which particles flow freely from the surface, and find any enhancement to be modest, and (b) Ruderman-Sutherland-type models, in which particles are tightly bound to the surface, and find that the enhancement can be substantial. In the latter case we argue for a self-consistent, time-independent model in which partial screening of $E_\parallel$ maintains it close to the threshold value for field ionization of the bound pairs, and in which a reverse flux of accelerated particles maintains the polar cap at a temperature such that thermionic emission supplies the particles needed for this screening. This model applies only in a restricted range of periods, $P_2
description: TEX file, 47 pages. Accepted by Australian J. Phys
The application of colloidal liquid aphrons for drug delivery
Creators: name: Ward, Keeran
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Colloidal Liquid Aphrons (CLAs) have been used in a variety of applications ranging from detergency and solute extraction, to enzyme immobilisation, and have been shown to have very high mass transfer areas due to their size (5-20μm). Also, due to their structure they are very stable while also being naturally buoyant in aqueous solutions, providing natural homogeneity. Over the last few decades their use in the laboratory as an immobilisation support for enzymatic catalysis has been extensive due to their stability, and ability to promote superactivity. Due to these specific characteristics, the possibility of using CLAs as a stable formulation for drug delivery has been particularly attractive. However, in an effort to apply existing research to the area of drug delivery, a new formulation methodology was developed utilizing non-ionic surfactants, nonpolar solvents, and model proteins as active pharmaceutical ingredients with varying molecular weights and isoelectric points (pI). Insights into the chemical forces governing immobilisation showed that hydrophobic interactions were primarily responsible for binding. Adsorption was the main mechanism for immobilisation, with higher affinities being observed with increasing protein concentration and smaller particle size. Superactivity was observed with Lipase and α-chymotrypsin, while aprotinin retained 85% of its inhibitor potency. Evaluation of immobilised enzyme conditions showed that non-ionic CLAs preserved natural pH and temperature optima, while thermodynamic evaluations of activity suggested that the presence of water molecules lead to an active conformation. Characterisation studies on refractive index matched polyaphron systems showed that proteins interacted mainly with the ‘’soapy-shell’’ leading to a hydrated conformation, while calorimetric studies on nonionic surfactant binding proved that surfactant interactions were virtually non-existent. Desorbed enzymes regained their natural conformation illustrating that any small structural effects were reversible upon release. The use of sodium alginate as an additive for enhanced immobilisation proved successful due to induced electrostatic interactions when the pH was lower than the protein pI. Conformational effects upon binding with sodium alginate also proved to be reversible, with an increase in the concentration of the released protein being observed when the pH was >pI. However, the extent of electrostatic interactions on the bioactivity of released proteins was found to be non-denaturing with hydrophilic enzymes, while hydrophobic enzymes were more active upon binding. Finally, insights into proteolytic digestion suggest that electrostatic interactions lead to greater protease vulnerability due to conformational changes induced upon binding.
Additional file 4 of LOXL1 modulates the malignant progression of colorectal cancer by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of YAP
Creators: name: Hu, Lin
name: Wang, Jing
name: Wang, Yunliang
name: Wu, Linpeng
name: Wu, Chao
name: Mao, Bo
name: Maruthi Prasad, E.
name: Wang, Yuhong
name: Chin, Y. Eugene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. LOXL1 negatively regulates the YAP activity. a LOXL1 and YAP constructs alone or combined, as indicated, were transfected into HEK293T cells together with a indicated luciferase reporters. The results shown were normalized for transfection efficiency. Data are shown as the mean ± SD of triplicate independent sets of experiments; statistical significance was assessed by unpaired t-test. ns; non-significant, ***P < 0.001. b Immunofluorescence to detect the localization of endogenous YAP by overexpression of LOXL1-EGFP in HCT8 cells. Scale bar: 20 μm.
Methods of processing recycled manure solids bedding on Midwest dairy farms II: Relationships between bedding characteristics and bedding bacterial count
Creators: name: Peña Mosca, Felipe
name: Godden, Sandra
name: Royster, Erin
name: Crooker, Brian A.
name: Timmerman, Jenny
Publisher: name: The Bovine Practitioner
Year: 2024
Subjects: recycled manure solids bedding
bedding characteristics
bedding bacterial count

description: The first objective of this study was to identify bedding characteristics associated with bedding bacterial count (BBC) in ready-to-use (RTU) recycled manure solids (RMS). The second objective was to explore the association between processing method and bedding characteristics in RTU solids. A third objective was to investigate factors associated with BBC in used solids (after placed in stalls). This observational study recruited 29 premises in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Farms were visited twice, once in August of 2019 and again in January of 2020. At each visit, the herd manager/owner completed a questionnaire describing facilities, bedding and manure  management, and mastitis control practices. Additionally, pre-processed RTU and used bedding samples were collected for determination of BBC (coliforms, Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus or Streptococcus-like organisms and Staphylococcus spp.) and bedding characteristics (dry matter [DM]), organic matter [OM], water soluble carbohydrates, total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and pH). Mixed linear regression showed that increased DM, decreased OM and RMS processing method were all associated with reduced BBC in RTU RMS samples. Processing method for RMS was associated with DM, total nitrogen and soluble nitrogen, but not other characteristics in RTU RMS samples. Low BBC in RTU solids, decreased OM in RTU solids, and use of deep bedding systems were associated with lower BBC in used RMS. Implications for these findings are that producers should strive to put clean and high DM fresh (RTU) bedding into stalls. Monitoring BBC and DM in RTU solids may be of value for producers using RMS bedding.
description: The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 58 No. 1 (2024): ONLINE FIRST
Search for top squarks decaying via four-body or chargino-mediated modes in single-lepton final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the pair production of the lightest supersymmetric partner of the top quark ($\widetilde{\mathrm{t}}_1$) is presented. The search focuses on a compressed scenario where the mass difference between the top squark and the lightest supersymmetric particle, often considered to be the lightest neutralino ($\widetildeχ^0_1$), is smaller than the mass of the W boson. The proton-proton collision data were recorded by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. In this search, two decay modes of the top squark are considered: a four-body decay into a bottom quark, two additional fermions, and a $\widetildeχ^0_1$; and a decay via an intermediate chargino. Events are selected using the presence of a high-momentum jet, significant missing transverse momentum, and a low transverse momentum electron or muon. Two analysis techniques are used, targeting different decay modes of the $\widetilde{\mathrm{t}}_1$: a sequential selection and a multivariate technique. No evidence for the production of top squarks is found, and mass limits at 95% confidence level are set that reach up to 560 GeV, depending on the $m(\widetilde{\mathrm{t}}_1) - m(\widetildeχ^0_1)$ mass difference and the decay mode.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SUS-17-005 (CMS Public Pages)
A new transform approach to biharmonic boundary value problems in circular domains with applications to Stokes flows
Creators: name: Louca, Elena
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: In this thesis, we present a new transform approach for solving biharmonic boundary value problems in two-dimensional polygonal and circular domains. Our approach provides a unified general approach to finding quasi-analytical solutions to a wide range of problems in Stokes flows and plane elasticity. We have chosen to analyze various Stokes flow problems in different geometries which have been solved using other techniques and present our transform approach to solve them. Our approach adapts mathematical ideas underlying the Unified transform method, also known as the Fokas method, due to Fokas and collaborators in recent years. We first consider Stokes flow problems in polygonal domains whose boundaries consist of straight line edges. We show how to solve problems in the half-plane subject to different boundary conditions along the real axis and we are able to retrieve analytical results found using other techniques. Next, we present our transform approach to solve for a flow past a periodic array of semi-infinite plates and for a periodic array of point singularities in a channel, followed by a brief discussion on how to systematically solve problems in more complex channel geometries. Next, we show how to solve problems in circular domains whose boundaries consist of a combination of straight line and circular edges. We analyze the problems of a flow past a semicircular ridge in the half-plane, a translating and rotating cylinder above a wall and a translating and rotating cylinder in a channel.
Studies on the total synthesis of aphidicolin
Creators: name: Allen, Lewis Alexander Thomas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: In this thesis further developments on the thermal cascade reaction discovered in the Parsons group have been made. The substrate scope has been increased to include the ketone linked 1,6-diynes, which had failed to cyclise in previous studies. Furthermore, variations on the precursor molecule have led to the cyclisation of nitrogen and sulphur analogues to provide the respective annulated pyrrole and thiophene products. The synthesis of these compounds using the Parsons-Board-Waters cyclisation had not been explored during earlier studies within the group. The increased scope of the Parsons-Board-Waters cyclisation was applied to the total synthesis of the natural product (+)-aphidicolin. The development of model systems are described, with the importance of the ketone functionality being highlighted by the unsuccessful cyclisation of dioxolane protected precursors. Furthermore, the enantioselective synthesis of a key intermediate containing the required 1,3-diol functionality present in the natural product is reported. This will provide a route to future research on the application of the Parsons-Board-Waters cyclisation to (+)-aphidicolin.
Bradypus Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Pilosa
Bradypodidae
Bradypus

description: Bradypus [gen. nov.]
Dentes Laniarii obtusiusculi remotissimi.
Molares utrinque obtusi.
Corpus pilis tectum.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 34, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Diversified Late Acceptance Search
Creators: name: Namazi, Majid
name: Sanderson, Conrad
name: Newton, M. A. Hakim
name: Polash, M. M. A.
name: Sattar, Abdul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.8
subject: 68T20, 90B40, 90C59

description: The well-known Late Acceptance Hill Climbing (LAHC) search aims to overcome the main downside of traditional Hill Climbing (HC) search, which is often quickly trapped in a local optimum due to strictly accepting only non-worsening moves within each iteration. In contrast, LAHC also accepts worsening moves, by keeping a circular array of fitness values of previously visited solutions and comparing the fitness values of candidate solutions against the least recent element in the array. While this straightforward strategy has proven effective, there are nevertheless situations where LAHC can unfortunately behave in a similar manner to HC. For example, when a new local optimum is found, often the same fitness value is stored many times in the array. To address this shortcoming, we propose new acceptance and replacement strategies to take into account worsening, improving, and sideways movement scenarios with the aim to improve the diversity of values in the array. Compared to LAHC, the proposed Diversified Late Acceptance Search approach is shown to lead to better quality solutions that are obtained with a lower number of iterations on benchmark Travelling Salesman Problems and Quadratic Assignment Problems.
Staphylococcus aureus and toxic shock syndrome
Creators: name: Sharma, Hema
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) was originally described in menstruating women using high-absorbency tampons and linked to toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-1 producing Staphylococcus aureus. Few studies have investigated the pathogenesis and treatment of TSS and contemporary clinical and moleculo-epidemiological descriptions are lacking. Clinical and molecular analysis of 180 TSS referalls to the UK reference laboratory between 2008-2012 was undertaken. Average annual TSS incidence was 0.08/100,000 population. Most cases were non-menstrual (nmTSS), related to skin and soft tissue infections and caused by tst+ clonal complex (CC) 30 MSSA. tst+ CC30 MRSA rarely caused TSS. Focussing on tst+ CC30 clinical strains, MSSA isolates produced more TSST-1 and superantigenic activity than MRSA isolates in vitro. A non-synonymous mutation in a tst regulator ccpA, ILE87, was detected in 33/39 CC30 MRSA strains that was associated with reduced TSST-1 production in vitro and SCCmecII. A murine abscess model of nmTSS was developed using tst+ CC30 S. aureus in TSST-1-sensitive transgenic HLA-DQ8 mice. Bacteria were detected in abscesses, lymphoid organs and blood. TSST-1 was detected in abscesses and draining lymph nodes, with detectable serum superantigen bioactivity. Mirroring in vitro findings, CC30 MSSA strains produced more TSST-1 in abscesses, and abscess and serum superantigenicity, than CC30 MRSA strains. TSST-1 expanded T cell Vβ subsets 3 and 13 in HLA-DQ8 mice. IL-6, IFNγ, KC and MCP-1 were consistently raised during infection. Clindamycin-containing antimicrobial regimens reduced abscess size and TSST-1 production. TSS in the UK is mainly non-menstrual and caused by tst+ CC30 MSSA strains producing more TSST-1 and superantigenic activity than MRSA counterparts. MRSA-TSS is extremely rare, perhaps due to altered tst regulation and diminished TSST-1 production. Clindamycin impaired TSST-1 production, supporting lincosamide use in treatment. This new nmTSS model should provide novel insight into S. aureus pathogenesis, especially TSST-1 production in situ within local lymphoid tissue.
How Common Are Magnetars? The Consequences of Magnetic-Field Decay
Creators: name: Heyl, Jeremy S.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultramagnetized neutron stars or magnetars have been invoked to explain several astrophysical phenomena. We examine how the magnetic field of a magnetar will decay over time and how this decay affects the cooling of the object. We find that for sufficiently strong nascent fields, field decay alters the cooling evolution significantly relative to similarly magnetized neutron stars with constant fields. As a result, old magnetars can be expected to be bright in the soft X-ray band. The soft X-ray source RXJ~0720.4$-$3125 may well be the nearest such old magnetar.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Ap. J. Letters