cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lighthouse in the Dust: Infrared Echoes of Periodic Emission from Massive Black Hole Binaries
Creators: name: D'Orazio, Daniel J.
name: Haiman, Zoltan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical and UV emission from sub-parsec massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is believed to vary periodically, on timescales comparable to the binary's orbital time. If driven by accretion rate fluctuations, the variability could be isotropic. If dominated by relativistic Doppler modulation, the variability should instead be anisotropic, resembling a rotating forward-beamed lighthouse. We consider the infrared (IR) reverberation of either type of periodic emission by pc-scale circumbinary dust tori. We predict the phase and amplitude of IR variability as a function of the ratio of dust light crossing time to the source variability period, and of the torus inclination and opening angle. We enumerate several differences between the isotropic and anisotropic cases. Interestingly, for a nearly face-on binary with an inclined dust torus, the Doppler boost can produce IR variability without any observable optical/UV variability. Such orphan-IR variability would have been missed in optical searches for periodic AGN. We apply our models to time-domain WISE IR data from the MBHB candidate PG 1302-102 and find consistency with dust reverberation by both isotropically emitting and Doppler-boosted sources in the shorter wavelength W1-W2 (2.8-5.3 micrometer) bands. We constrain the dust torus to be thin (aspect ratio ~0.1), with an inner radius at 1-5 pc. More generally, our dust echo models will aid in identifying new MBHB candidates, determining their nature, and constraining the physical properties of MBHBs and their dust tori.
description: We dedicate this work to the memory of Arlin Crotts, an expert on supernova light echoes who passed away on November 19, 2015
A Detailed Study of the Association Task in Tracking-by-Detection-based Multi-Person Tracking
Creators: name: Stadler, Daniel
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2023

description: Many multi-person trackers follow the tracking-by-detection paradigm applying a person detector in each frame and linking detections of the same target to form tracks in the association task. While the basic concept is the same among these methods, various motion models, distance metrics to measure the similarity of targets, and matching strategies are used. This makes it difficult to compare different methods and also to assess the influence of single tracking components on the final performance. For these reasons, all parts of the association task are thoroughly investigated in this study. Starting with a simple baseline which is consequently improved with the help of experimental results, a strong tracking-by-detection-based framework is developed that achieves state-of-the-art performance on two multi-person tracking benchmarks.
Asynchronous Load Balancing and Auto-scaling: Mean-Field Limit and Optimal Design
Creators: name: Anselmi, Jonatha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Primary: 68M20, secondary: 90B22

description: We develop a Markovian framework for load balancing that combines classical algorithms such as Power-of-$d$ with auto-scaling mechanisms that allow the net service capacity to scale up or down in response to the current load on the same timescale as job dynamics. Our framework is inspired by serverless platforms, such as Knative, where servers are software functions that can be flexibly instantiated in milliseconds according to scaling rules defined by the users of the serverless platform. The main question is how to design such scaling rules to minimize user-perceived delay performance while ensuring low energy consumption. For the first time, we investigate this problem when the auto-scaling and load balancing processes operate asynchronously (or proactively), as in Knative. In contrast to the synchronous (or reactive) paradigm, asynchronism brings the advantage that jobs do not necessarily need to wait any time a scale-up decision is taken.
 In our main result, we find a general condition on the structure of scaling rules able to drive mean-field dynamics to delay and relative energy optimality, i.e., a situation where both the user-perceived delay and the relative energy waste induced by idle servers vanish in the limit where the network demand grows to infinity in proportion to the nominal service capacity. The identified condition suggests to scale up the current net capacity if and only if the mean demand exceeds the rate at which servers become idle and active. Finally, we propose a family of scaling rules that satisfy our optimality condition. Numerical simulations demonstrate that these rules provide better delay performance than existing synchronous auto-scaling schemes while inducing almost the same power consumption.
Observation of the Korteweg-de Vries soliton in molecular dynamics simulations of a dusty plasma medium
Creators: name: Kumar, Sandeep
name: Tiwari, Sanat Kumar
name: Das, Amita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The excitation and evolution of Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) solitons in a dusty plasma medium are studied using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The dusty plasma medium is modelled as a collection of dust particles interacting through Yukawa potential, which takes into account dust charge screening due to the lighter electron and ion species. The collective response of such screened dust particles to an applied electric field impulse is studied here. An excitation of a perturbed positive density pulse propagating in one direction along with a train of negative perturbed rarefactive density oscillations in the opposite direction is observed. These observations are in accordance with evolution governed by the KdV equation. Detailed studies of (a) amplitude vs. width variation of the observed pulse, (b) the emergence of intact separate pulses with an associated phase shift after collisional interaction amidst them, etc., conclusively qualify the positive pulses observed in the simulations as KdV solitons. It is also observed that by increasing the strength of the electric field impulse, multiple solitonic structures get excited. The excitations of the multiple solitons are similar to the experimental observations reported recently by Boruah et al. [Phys. Plasmas 23, 093704 (2016)] for dusty plasmas. The role of coupling parameter has also been investigated here, which shows that with increasing coupling parameter, the amplitude of the solitonic pulse increases whereas its width decreases.
Electronic bandstructure of ReS2 by high resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Creators: name: Webb, James L.
name: Hart, Lewis S.
name: Wolverson, Daniel
name: Chen, Chaoyu
name: Avila, Jose
name: Asensio, Maria C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rhenium-based transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are atypical of the TMD family due to their highly anisotropic crystalline structure and are recognized as promising materials for two dimensional heterostructure devices. The nature of the band gap (direct or indirect) for bulk, few and single layer forms of ReS$_2$ is of particular interest, due to its comparatively weak inter-planar interaction. However, the degree of inter-layer interaction and the question of whether a transition from indirect to direct gap is observed on reducing thickness (as in other TMDs) are controversial. We present a direct determination of the valence band structure of bulk ReS$_2$ using high resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). We find a clear in-plane anisotropy due to the presence of chains of Re atoms, with a strongly directional effective mass which is larger in the direction orthogonal to the Re chains (2.2 $m_e$) than along them (1.6 $m_e$), in good agreement with density functional theory calculations. An appreciable inter-plane interaction results in an experimentally-measured difference of ~100-200 meV between the valence band maxima at the Z point (0,0,1/2) and the $Γ$ point (0,0,0) of the three-dimensional Brillouin zone. This leads to a direct gap at Z and a close-lying but larger gap at $Γ$, implying that bulk ReS2 is marginally indirect. This may account for recent conflicting transport and photoluminescence measurements and the resulting uncertainty about the direct or indirect gap nature of this material.
Exploring surface abundance of lithium from MS to RGB phase with the constraints of angular momentum transport
Creators: name: Dumont, Thibaut
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Robust modelling of low-mass stars is key to understand their structure and their evolution. So far, no clear consensus appears for which physics is required to reproduce the main observables: the evolution of chemicals (e.g. lithium, beryllium), the evolution of surface rotation with time, and the state of the internal rotation constrained by asteroseismology. In order to improve stellar modelling, we need to understand these observations that bring constraints during the different stellar evolutionary phases, and better characterise internal transport processes in stars.
 Using the stellar evolution code STAREVOL, we compute the surface and internal rotation evolution rates, as well as the surface lithium (Li) abundance from models of rotating stars from main-sequence (MS) to red-giant phase. These models include atomic diffusion and additional transport for both chemicals and angular momentum (Dumont et al. 2021). We constrain the transport of angular momentum in our models with the asteroseismic observations and explore the impact on chemicals along evolution.
 We confirm the need for a varying efficiency of angular momentum transport along evolution of evolved giant stars for which we have in particular strong constraints on core rotation rates from sub-giant to red-giant stars thanks to asteroseismology. We succeed to reproduce the observational constraints for Li at different masses during evolution but highlight a discrepancy reaching the giant phases of solar-type stars. We show that reproducing MS surface Li abundances for solar-type stars lead to an under abundance when reaching the giant phases of evolution, challenging the identification of transport processes at the transition between MS and giant stars (Dumont et al. 2023, submitted).
Are the Dyson rings around pulsars detectable?
Creators: name: Osmanov, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the previous paper (Osmanov 2016) (henceforth Paper-I) we have extended the idea of Freeman Dyson and have shown that a supercivilization has to use ring-like megastructures around pulsars instead of a spherical shell. In this work we reexamine the same problem in the observational context and we show that facilities of modern IR telescopes (VLTI and WISE) might efficiently monitor the nearby zone of the solar system and search for the IR Dyson-rings up to distances of the order of $0.2$kpc, corresponding to the current highest achievable angular resolution, $0.001$mas. In this case the total number of pulsars in the observationally reachable area is about $64\pm 21$. We show that pulsars from the distance of the order of $\sim 1$kpc are still visible for WISE as point-like sources but in order to confirm that the object is the neutron star, one has to use the UV telescopes, which at this moment cannot provide enough sensitivity.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Real-world charging behavior and preferences of electric vehicles users in Germany
Creators: name: Anderson, John E.
name: Bergfeld, Moritz
name: Nguyen, Do Minh
name: Steck, Felix
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: As energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector have increased continuously in recent years, electric vehicles have become a potential solution to achieve environmental goals in this sector. The uptake of electric vehicle is strongly dependent on sufficient charging infrastructure. While much research has been conducted on electric vehicle charging simulations and projections, there is a research gap on real-world charging by actual users. Therefore, we conducted a survey on charging behavior and preferences in Germany in 2020 with around 4,000 electric vehicle users. The survey included a stated choice experiment and a willingness-to-pay-analysis. We found that participants’ charging behavior is dominated by home charging and that public infrastructure is perceived to be insufficient. Next to charging prices, measures of comfort through the occupancy rate of charging infrastructure and additional waiting time are driving factors when making the decision to charge. Participants specified an acceptable time for additional walking distances when parking at charging facilities between 5 and 10 minutes. High abstention rates in answering some questions indicate the need for sufficient education strategies considering existing and new charging technologies. Drivers with high annual mileage and battery electric vehicle users are willing to pay more for additional charging power. Users are open to smart charging, as long as flexibility for spontaneous trips is maintained. This research offers timely insights into real-world charging behavior and preferences, while providing recommendations for the future roll out of charging infrastructure in Germany.
Categorising In-text Citations
Creators: name: Butt, Bilal Hayal
name: Fatima, Aiman
name: Khuzema, Hatim
name: Umer, Muhammad Azmi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: bibliometrics

description: The use of citation as a metric for research evaluation without considering its context can be a problem. Normally, citations present neutral, supporting, or contrasting evidence to a paper. Therefore, treating them equally can affect the quality of research evaluation. The authors of this poster have proposed a categorization method for in-text citations. The proposed method uses syntactic, semantic, and IMRaD / zone analysis of citations.
Coupling derivation of optimal-order central moment bounds in exponential last-passage percolation
Creators: name: Emrah, Elnur
name: Georgiou, Nicos
name: Ortmann, Janosch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 60K37

description: We introduce new probabilistic arguments to derive optimal-order central moment bounds in planar directed last-passage percolation. Our technique is based on couplings with the increment-stationary variants of the model, and is presented in the context of i.i.d. exponential weights for both zero and near-stationary boundary conditions. A main technical novelty in our approach is a new proof of the left-tail fluctuation upper bound with exponent 3/2 for the last-passage times.
description: 48 pages, 1 figure. Improved exposition. The first two sections rewritten. The results and the proofs are the same but their presentation has changed. Previous Propositions 4.1, 4.5 and B.1 are now Theorems 2.6, 2.3 and 2.7, respectively. Omitted Appendix C and some minor extensions/variations of the results. Shortened the bibliography but also added some new references
Nonlinear shallow-water waves with vertical odd viscosity
Creators: name: Doak, Alex
name: Baardink, Guido
name: Milewski, Paul A
name: Souslov, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The breaking of detailed balance in fluids through Coriolis forces or odd-viscous stresses has profound effects on the dynamics of surface waves. Here we explore both weakly and strongly non-linear waves in a three-dimensional fluid with vertical odd viscosity with and without the Coriolis effect. Our model describes the free surface of a shallow fluid composed of nearly vertical vortex filaments, which all stand perpendicular to the surface. We find that the odd viscosity in this configuration induces previously unexplored non-linear effects in shallow-water waves, arising from both stresses on the surface and stress gradients in the bulk. By assuming weak nonlinearity, we find reduced equations including Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), Ostrovsky, and Kadomtsev-Petviashvilli (KP) equations with modified coefficients. At sufficiently large odd viscosity, the dispersion changes sign, allowing for compact two-dimensional solitary waves. We show that odd viscosity and surface tension have the same effect on the free surface, but distinct signatures in the fluid flow. Our results describe the collective dynamics of many-vortex systems, which can also occur in oceanic and atmospheric geophysics.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures
PLATO Science Calibration and Validation Input Catalog
Creators: name: Gaulme, Patrick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Slides presented at the PLATO science meeting. Abstract: The science calibration and validation catalog of the PLATO mission (scvPIC) is one of the four components of the PLATO input catalog (PIC). The general idea of the scvPIC is to support the success of the PLATO mission by ensuring that crucial targets will be observed by the mission independently of the prime sample or guest-observer programs. Its scientific objectives and technical requirements are still in progress. Typically, science calibration stars allow for the discovery and inclusion of new input physics in stellar models, whereas validation stars serve to get optimal values of free parameters for chosen input physics. Currently, the expected catalog includes: red giants and gamma Doradus oscillators, known exoplanets or detached eclipsing binaries, Ap/Bp stars, Kepler/TESS legacy stars, and stars with known radii from interferometry. The goal of this presentation is to discuss the content of the scvPIC before the requirements are finalized, and discuss open issues.
L'ouverture des données de la recherche en sciences de l'information
Creators: name: AKDOGAN, Meriç
name: ARENES, Cécile
name: MOISAN, Aurélien
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: open data
ouverture des données
research data
données de la recherche
données publiques
science ouverte
open science

description: Présentation de trois heures à destination des doctorants en sciences de l'information
Field theoretical approach to gravitational waves
Creators: name: de Cesare, Marco
name: Oliveri, R.
name: van Holten, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of these notes is to give an accessible and self-contained introduction to the theory of gravitational waves as the theory of a relativistic symmetric tensor field in a Minkowski background spacetime. This is the approach of a particle physicist: the graviton is identified with a particular irreducible representation of the Poincaré group, corresponding to vanishing mass and spin two. It is shown how to construct an action functional giving the linear dynamics of gravitons, and how General Relativity can be obtained from it. The Hamiltonian formulation of the linear theory is examined in detail. We study the emission of gravitational waves and apply the results to the simplest case of a binary Newtonian system.
description: 47 pages, 3 figures, v2 matches the published version
Submonoids of groups, and group-representability of restricted relation algebras
Creators: name: Bergman, George M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03G15, 20M20 (Primary), 06A06 (Secondary)

description: Marek Kuczma asked in 1980 whether for every positive integer $n,$ there exists a subsemigroup $M$ of a group $G,$ such that $G$ is equal to the $n$-fold product $M\,M^{-1} M\,M^{-1} \dots\,M^{(-1)^{n-1}},$ but not to any proper initial subproduct of this product. We answer his question affirmatively, and prove a more general result on representing a certain sort of relation algebra by subsets of a group. We also sketch several variants of the latter result.
description: 15pp. Change from previous version: example added in which $M$ is finitely generated (new section 7.2)
A benchmark database for PLATO
Creators: name: Maxted, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: PLATO aims to obtain high quality stellar parameters for solar-type stars from asteroseismology during the nominal mission. To reach the required accuracy, stellar models, pipelines and techniques need to be tested and calibrated using stars with existing, high-accuracy fundamental parameters. The benchmark stars WP125500 has been working to gather and satisfy the requirements from other WPs, with a comprehensive benchmark stars database currently in progress. I will discuss the background and motivation behind the work so far, the types of benchmark stars being collated, and present a preliminary look at the database.
D-IA.2.2.OH-Harmony-Cap.5.3 and 5.4
Creators: name: Tosini, Fabio
name: Tozzoli, Rosangela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Harmony-CAP, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium.

description: Harmony-CAP: Training programs for the application of the harmonised protocols and E-learning modules on the application of the harmonised protocols
description: Harmony-CAP deliverable.
Comment on "AdS nonlinear instability: moving beyond spherical symmetry" [Class. Quantum Grav. 33 23LT01 (2016)]
Creators: name: Rostworowski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that if the degeneracy of the spectrum of linear perturbations of AdS is properly taken into account, there are globally regular, time-periodic, asymptotically AdS solutions (geons) bifurcating from each linear eigenfrequency of AdS.
description: 1 page, v2: missing $\theta$ dependence in eqs. (3,4) added
Renormalization schemes for the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model and applications to h -> WW/ZZ -> 4fermions
Creators: name: Altenkamp, Lukas
name: Dittmaier, Stefan
name: Rzehak, Heidi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the renormalization of different types of Two-Higgs-Doublet Models for the calculation of observables at next-to-leading order. In detail, we suggest four different renormalization schemes based on on-shell renormalization conditions as far as possible and on MSbar prescriptions for the remaining field-mixing parameters where no distinguished on-shell condition exists and make contact to existing schemes in the literature. In particular, we treat the tadpole diagrams in different ways and discuss issues of gauge independence and perturbative stability in the considered schemes. The renormalization group equations for the MSbar parameters are solved in each scheme, so that a consistent renormalization scale variation can be performed. We have implemented all Feynman rules including counterterms and the renormalization conditions into a FeynArts model file, so that amplitudes and squared matrix elements can be generated automatically. As an application we compute the decay of the light, CP-even Higgs boson of the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model into four fermions at next-to-leading order. The comparison of different schemes and the investigation of the renormalization scale dependence allows us to test the perturbative consistency in each of the renormalization schemes, and to get a better estimate of the theoretical uncertainty that arises due to the truncation of the perturbation series.
description: 44 pages, 8 figures, revised version, to appear in JHEP
Benchmark stars in the PLATO LOP fields
Creators: name: Maxted, Pierre F. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Stars that have precise, accurate and independent measurements of their fundamental properties will be essential to quantify the precision and accuracy of stellar parameters in the PLATO data products. The benchmark stars work package WP125500 have identified several types of star that will be useful for benchmarking PLATO data products, e.g., eclipsing binaries, transiting hot Jupiter systems, nearby stars with directly measured angular diameters, etc. In this talk, I will review the different types of benchmark star and give some preliminary results for the number and properties of benchmark stars in the LOPN1 and LOPS2 fields.
The influence of spin in black hole triplets
Creators: name: Chitan, Ariel
name: Mylläri, Aleksandr
name: Valtonen, Mauri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin can influence the dynamics of the already chaotic black hole triplet system. We follow this problem in two sets of simulations: first, the Agekian-Anosova region (or region D), and second, using Pythagorean triangles. We use ARCcode, an N-body code that performs numerical integration of orbits. This code includes post-Newtonian corrections, which we include up to the 2.5th order. In set one of our simulations, we fix the masses of the black holes at 10$^{6}$ M$_{\odot}$. Then we run the simulations first without any spin added and after by initialising spin on one of the black holes. We find that after including spin into the system, 12.9% of the simulations changed outcomes. Either the systems went from having all black holes merging to having a black hole escaping the system, or vice versa. In the second set of simulations, we expanded into Pythagorean triangles as initial positions of black holes, stemming from Burrau's three-body problem. We varied the masses of the black holes from 10$^{0}$ M$_{\odot}$ to 10$^{12}$ M$_{\odot}$. Black holes in these systems were given spin in normalised units ranging from 0 to 0.95. We find that intermediate mass black holes in the range of 10$^{4}$ M$_{\odot}$-10$^{5}$ M$_{\odot}$, were influenced the most by spin, particularly in their lifetimes. We also find that simulations, initialised as 2D, become 3D.
Discrete spectrum of the quantum Reissner - Nordström geometry
Creators: name: Dimakis, N.
name: Karagiorgos, A.
name: Pailas, T.
name: Terzis, Petros A.
name: Christodoulakis, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We start from a static, spherically symmetric space-time in the presence of an electrostatic field and construct the mini-superspace Lagrangian that reproduces the well known Reissner - Nordström solution. We identify the classical integrals of motion that are to be mapped to quantum observables and which are associated with the mass and charge. Their eigenvalue equations are used as supplementary conditions to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and a link is provided between the existence of an horizon and to whether the spectrum of the observables is fully discrete or not. For each case we provide an orthonormal basis of states as emerges through the process of canonical quantization.
description: 20 pages, no figures
Localizing High-Lying Rydberg Wave Packets with Two-Color Laser Fields
Creators: name: Larimian, Seyedreza
name: Geng, Ji-Wei
name: Roither, Stefan
name: Kartashov, Daniil
name: Zhang, Li
name: Wang, Mu-Xue
name: Gong, Qihuang
name: Peng, Liang-You
name: Lemell, Christoph
name: Yoshida, Shuhei
name: Burgdörfer, Joachim
name: Baltuška, Andrius
name: Kitzler, Markus
name: Xie, Xinhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate control over the localization of high-lying Rydberg wave packets in argon atoms with phase-locked orthogonally polarized two-color (OTC) laser fields. With a reaction microscope, we measured ionization signals of high-lying Rydberg states induced by a weak dc field and black-body radiation as a function of the relative phase between the two-color fields. We find that the dc-field ionization yields of high-lying Rydberg argon atoms oscillate with the relative two-color phase with a period of $2π$ while the photoionization signal by black-body radiation shows a period of $π$. These observations are a clear signature of the asymmetric localization of electrons recaptured into high-lying Rydberg states after conclusion of the laser pulse and are supported by a semiclassical simulation of argon-OTC laser interaction. Our findings thus open an effective pathway to control the localization of high-lying Rydberg wave packets.
Measurement error of tracer-based velocimetry in single-phase turbulent flows with inhomogeneous refractive indices
Creators: name: Li, Huixin
name: Fischer, Andreas
name: Avila, Marc
name: Xu, Duo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inhomogeneous refractive index fields lead to errors in optical flow velocity measurements. Former respective studies are mostly in quasi two-dimensional flows, and attribute the measurement errors to spatial gradients in the refractive index field, while less attention has been paid to flows with three-dimensional refractive index fields which usually change in space and in time. In this study, ray tracing simulations were carried out in a three-dimensional flow, which is from a direct numerical simulation of single-phase turbulent mixing of two fluids. Given the data of the numerical simulation as reference, the ray tracing simulation is used to quantify the measurement errors of the flow velocity and flow acceleration for tracer-based velocimetry, i.e. particle tracking velocimetry in this study. The errors of both flow velocity and flow acceleration are attributed to the spatial and the spatio-temporal gradients of the refractive indices, respectively, which are closely inherited from flow characteristics. While the dominant type of error depends on the studied flow, the main measurement error for the considered turbulent mixing flow is caused by the random error. When the maximum spatial difference of the refractive indices is about 10 to the power of -6, the relative random measurement error is about 1 % in velocity and about 200 % in acceleration, respectively. When the maximum index difference is about 0.01 (water), the relative random measurement errors of velocity and acceleration are 2000 % and 100,000%, respectively, for the flow considered in this study.
Non-perturbative static 3D modelling of close binaries and its impact on the observations of low-mass and RGB binaries
Creators: name: Fellay, Loïc
name: Dupret, Marc-Antoine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In close binary systems, tidal interactions and rotational effects can strongly influence stellar evolution and observations. Current models of binary stars are relying either on the so-called ” Roche model ” or the perturbative approach that in each case results on several assumptions concerning the gravitational, tidal and centrifugal potentials. To study the consequences of these assumptions we developed a new non-perturbative method to compute precise structural deformation of binary system in three dimensions that is even valid in the most distorted cases. In this talk we are going to show that in the most distorted cases both Roche and perturbative models are significantly underestimating the deformation of binaries. In particular for low-mass and RGB stars we respectively found a 80% and 35% deformation increase compared to the Roche model. For the observations of close eclipsing binaries, these corrections are important as both stellar contours and gravity darkening are noticeably modified. In addition, basic astrophysical laws are impacted by the redistribution of mass in the bodies resulting from the deformations. We saw a deviation from the 3rd Kepler’s law of a few percent adding uncertainties on the determination of the orbital and stellar parameters from observations. Asteroseismic studies of such bodies would also be importantly impacted by the deformations discrepancies found as their whole structural depiction is modified.
Single-molecule techniques in biophysics: a review of the progress in methods and applications
Creators: name: Miller, Helen
name: Zhou, Zhaokun
name: Shepherd, Jack
name: Wollman, Adam J. M.
name: Leake, Mark C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-molecule biophysics has transformed our understanding of the fundamental molecular processes involved in living biological systems, but also of the fascinating physics of life. Far more exotic than a collection of exemplars of soft matter behaviour, active biological matter lives far from thermal equilibrium, and typically covers multiple length scales from the nanometre level of single molecules up several orders of magnitude to longer length scales in emergent structures of cells, tissues and organisms. Biological molecules are often characterized by an underlying instability, in that multiple metastable free energy states exist which are separated by energy levels of typically just a few multiples of the thermal energy scale of kBT, where kB is the Boltzmann constant and T the absolute temperature, implying complex, dynamic inter-conversion kinetics across this bumpy free energy landscape in the relatively hot, wet environment of real, living biological matter. The key utility of single-molecule biophysics lies in its ability to probe the underlying heterogeneity of free energy states across a population of molecules, which in general is too challenging for conventional ensemble level approaches which measure mean average properties. Parallel developments in both experimental and theoretical techniques have been key to the latest insights and are enabling the development of highly-multiplexed, correlative techniques to tackle previously intractable biological problems. Experimentally, technological developments in the sensitivity and speed of biomolecular detectors, the stability and efficiency of light sources, probes and microfluidics, have enabled and driven the study of heterogeneous behaviours both in vitro and in vivo that were previously undetectable by ensemble methods...
Super-Gaussian Decay of Exponentials: A Sufficient Condition
Creators: name: Hinrichs, Benjamin
name: Janssen, Daan Willem
name: Ziebell, Jobst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, we present a sufficient condition for the exponential $\exp({-f})$ to have a tail decay stronger than any Gaussian, where $f$ is defined on a locally convex space $X$ and grows faster than a squared seminorm on $X$. In particular, our result proves that $\exp({-p(x)^{2+\varepsilon}+αq(x)^2})$ is integrable for all $α,\varepsilon>0$ w.r.t. a Radon Gaussian measure on a nuclear space $X$, if $p$ and $q$ are continuous seminorms on $X$ with compatible kernels. This can be viewed as an adaptation of Fernique's theorem and, for example, has applications in quantum field theory.
description: 19 pages, shortened and improved proofs, added examples, version accepted for publication in J. Math. Anal. Appl
The formula of Melzak for arbitrary polynomials
Creators: name: Boyadzhiev, Khristo N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We extend the well-known Melzak binomial transform formula to polynomials of any degree and show some applications.
description: This is a slightly extended version of the paper published in Utilitas Mathematica
Interplay between the Inverse Scattering Method and Fokas's Unified Transform with an Application
Creators: name: Caudrelier, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is known that the initial-boundary value problem for certain integrable partial differential equations (PDEs) on the half-line with integrable boundary conditions can be mapped to a special case of the Inverse Scattering Method (ISM) on the full-line. This can also be established within the so-called Unified Transform (UT) for initial-boundary value problems with linearizable boundary conditions. In this paper, we show a converse to this statement within the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) scheme: the ISM on the full-line can be mapped to an initial-boundary value problem with linearizable boundary conditions. To achieve this, we need a matrix version of the UT that was introduced by the author to study integrable PDEs on star-graphs. As an application of the result, we show that the new, nonlocal reduction of the AKNS scheme introduced by Ablowitz and Musslimani to obtain the nonlocal Nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation can be recast as an old, local reduction, thus putting the nonlocal NLS and the NLS equations on equal footing from the point of view of the reduction group theory of Mikhailov.
description: 19 pages, title modified, references updated and some typos removed. Justification of our use of linearizable boundary conditions and clearer interpretation of the meaning of the results. Author version of the article to appear in Stud. Appl. Math
title: LinkedIn als Barometer: Wissenstransfer zwischen ziviler und militärischer F&E
Creators: name: Riebe, Thea
name: Schmid, Stefka
name: Reuter, Christian
Publisher: name: BdWi-Verlag
Year: 2023

description: Gibt es Wissenstransfers zwischen militärischer und ziviler Forschung? Wenn ja, in welchem Umfang? Um die Art und Weise zu untersuchen, wie Unternehmen durch sogenannte »Spillover«-Effekte von den Aktivitäten in den Bereichen »Forschung und Entwicklung« (F&E) eines anderen Unternehmens profitieren, existieren bereits Methoden, die die Mobilität von Arbeitskräften als Initiator von Wissenstransfers untersuchen. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen ergänzenden Ansatz vor, der auf »Social Media Analytics« (SMA) beruht. Er soll helfen, die »Spillover«-Effekte vom Verteidigungsbereich in die zivile F&E quantifizieren zu können und beruht auf der Analyse von Angaben zum Beschäftigungswechsel aus dem sozialen Netzwerk »LinkedIn«.
Weak Localisation Driven by Pseudospin-Spin Entanglement: Code and Data
Creators: name: Sousa, Frederico
name: Perkins, David T. S.
name: Ferreira, Aires
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Graphene
Quantum corrections
Linear response
Electronic transport

description: This repository contains the Mathematica notebooks used to generate the data associated to the main results presented in the paper "Weak Localisation Driven by Pseudospin-Spin Entanglement", Communications Physics 5, 291 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-022-01066-z Specifically, the notebooks provided here calculate the quantum corrections to the electrical conductivity in disordered Rashba-coupled graphene systems, providing control over the strength of disorder and the Rashba spin-orbit coupling strength. The file of merit is the "WLsimulation.nb" Mathematica notebook, which produces the data shown in Fig. 4 of the paper. All other files acting as supporting files to this notebook. The README file contained here acts as a brief contents for the files used in this project.
Turbulent transport in radiative zones : recent theoretical and numerical developments
Creators: name: Francois Lignieres
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Many physical processes can potentially generate turbulence in stellar radiative zones, but limited observational constraints and uncertainties in the modelling of turbulent transport make it difficult to identify the most relevant processes. Renewed interest in this field has been sparked by the inability of existing hydrodynamical models to explain seismic measurements of rotation rates in the cores of red giants and intermediate mass stars. In this talk, I shall review recent theoretical and numerical work aimed at advancing our understanding of turbulent transport in radiative zones.
Better Higgs Measurements Through Information Geometry
Creators: name: Brehmer, Johann
name: Cranmer, Kyle
name: Kling, Felix
name: Plehn, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Information geometry can be used to understand and optimize Higgs measurements at the LHC. The Fisher information encodes the maximum sensitivity of observables to model parameters for a given experiment. Applied to higher-dimensional operators, it defines the new physics reach of any LHC signature. We calculate the Fisher information for Higgs production in weak boson fusion with decays into tau pairs and four leptons, and for Higgs production in association with a single top quark. In a next step we analyze how the differential information is distributed over phase space, which defines optimal event selections. Conversely, we consider the information in the distribution of a subset of the kinematic variables, showing which production and decay observables are the most powerful and how much information is lost in traditional histogram-based analysis methods compared to fully multivariate ones.
description: v2: expanded discussion of information in WBF distributions, references added; v3: corrected typos, matches published version
Global Core Biodata Resource Selection: Data Required for Expression of Interest
Creators: name: Global Biodata Coalition
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This document is one of two supplementary data files that accompany the Global Biodata Coalition’s article: “Global Core Biodata Resources: Concept and Selection Process” (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5845116). Its purpose is to detail the information that will be required to submit an Expression of Interest to the Global Core Biodata Resource selection process.  
The Molecular Structures of Local Arm and Perseus Arm in the Galactic Region of l=[139.75,149.75]$^\circ$, b=[-5.25,5.25]$^\circ$
Creators: name: Du, Xinyu
name: Xu, Ye
name: Yang, Ji
name: Sun, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Purple Mountain Observatory Delingha (PMODLH) 13.7 m telescope, we report a 96-square-degree 12CO/13CO/C18O mapping observation toward the Galactic region of l = [139.75, 149.75]$^\circ$, b = [-5.25, 5.25]$^\circ$. The molecular structure of the Local Arm and Perseus Arm are presented. Combining HI data and part of the Outer Arm results, we obtain that the warp structure of both atomic and molecular gas is obvious, while the flare structure only exists in atomic gas in this observing region. In addition, five filamentary giant molecular clouds on the Perseus Arm are identified. Among them, four are newly identified. Their relations with the Milky Way large-scale structure are discussed.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures. published in ApJS
Global Core Biodata Resource Selection: Data Required for Full Application
Creators: name: Global Biodata Coalition
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This document is one of two supplementary data files that accompany the Global Biodata Coalition’s article: “Global Core Biodata Resources: Concept and Selection Process” (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5845116). Its purpose is to detail the information that will be required from those biodata resources invited to submit a Full Application for selection as a Global Core Biodata Resource.
Suppression vs enhancement of heavy quarkonia in pA collisions
Creators: name: Kopeliovich, B. Z.
name: Schmidt, Ivan
name: Siddikov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe production of heavy quarkonia in pA collisions within the dipole approach, assuming dominance of the perturbative color-singlet mechanism (CSM) in the $p_T$-integrated cross section. Although accounting for a nonzero heavy $Q$-$\bar Q$ separation is a higher twist correction, usually neglected, we found it to be the dominant source of nuclear effects, significantly exceeding the effects of leading twist gluon shadowing and energy loss. Moreover, this contribution turns out to be the most reliably predicted, relying on the precise measurements of the dipole cross section at HERA. The nuclear suppression of quarkonia has been anticipated to become stronger with energy, because the dipole cross section steeply rises. However, the measured nuclear effects remain essentially unchanged within the energy range from RHIC to the LHC. A novel production mechanism is proposed, which enhances the charmonium yield. Nuclear effects for the production of $J/ψ$, $ψ(2S)$, $Υ(1S)$ and $Υ(2S)$ are calculated, in agreement with data from RHIC and LHC. The dipole description offers a unique explanation for the observed significant nuclear suppression of $ψ(2S)$ to $J/ψ$ ratio, related to the nontrivial features of the $ψ(2S)$ wave function.
description: 22 pages, 22 figures. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. C
Ground-based contribution of average-sized telescopes to characterisation of PLATO targets
Creators: name: Mikolaitis, Šarūnas
name: Tautvaišienė, Gražina
name: Drazdauskas, Arnas
name: Minkevičiūtė, Renata
name: Stonkutė, Edita
name: Pakštienė, Erika
name: Viscasillas Vazquez, Carlos
name: Janulis, Rimvydas
name: Ambrosch, Markus
name: Bagdonas, Vilius
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: A spectroscopic characterization is available for less than 30% of the bright stars in the Solar neighborhood. This missing information about the Galactic environment in this region of space is very important for asteroseismic and planetary studies and space missions (e.g., ESA PLATO or NASA TESS) that are designed to perform an in-depth analysis of large fields of the sky-sphere and searching for exoplanets around bright stars. Accurate atmospheric parameters and chemical composition of stars play a vital role in characterizing physical parameters of exoplanetary systems and understanding their formation. A full asteroseismic characterization of a star is also possible if its main atmospheric parameters are known. We present the ongoing spectroscopic survey SPFOT that employs Vilnius University Echelle Spectrograph (VUES) mounted on the 1.65 m telescope of the Molėtai Astronomical Observatory in Lithuania. Using the high resolution (up to R=68000) and long wavelength coverage (400 - 900 nm) VU ES spectra we are able to provide the detailed spectroscopic characterization for bright stars. We have already observed about 2000 brightest stars in fields covering the PLATO LOPN and TESS continuous viewing zone. Most of LOPN P2 targets are already observed. Results for a part of the sample were already published in a number of contributions where we presented detailed atmospheric parameters and abundances of up to 34 chemical elements.