cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Modelling the thermal regime of a regulated coastal British Columbia river and assessing the potential of warming mitigation strategies
Creators: name: West, David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The objective of this study was to (1) identify the dominant processes affecting stream temperature and (2) develop and apply a process-based stream temperature model to assess the potential for managing the thermal regime of a regulated river in coastal BC through bank re-forestation and changes to release regime. The study spanned June to September 2013, when temperatures are highest and multiple salmonid species begin their spawning runs. Following June 14, a steady discharge of approximately 2.7 m³/s was released from the reservoir through a low level outlet. The reservoir developed two-layer stratification and an internal seiche that caused oscillating withdrawal of epilimnetic and hypolimnetic water that was observed to propagate at least 14 km downstream using wavelet analysis. The stream temperature model was developed with field measurements of hydrological, meteorological, and geomorphic variables that govern stream heat fluxes. A Lagrangian model was employed to model a 14 km reach of Alouette River beginning at the dam. Using a 10-min time step, an accuracy of 0.54 °C RMSE was achieved over all predictions, and 0.50 °C RMSE for daily peaks. Water parcels arriving at the downstream extent near sunset gained most heat through direct and diffuse shortwave radiation, with the greatest cooling effect associated with evaporation, tributary inflows, and bed heat conduction. Parcels arriving near sunrise gained most heat through bed heat conduction, with the greatest cooling effect associated with longwave radiation and tributary inflows. Modelling a bank re-forestation scenario resulted in study reach temperature reductions of less than 0.5 °C for mean and daily peak temperatures. A lower reservoir outlet withdrawing from the cool hypolimnion resulted in mean daily peak reductions of 4.6 °C, while raising the outlet into the epilimnion resulted in mean daily peak increases of 0.5 °C. Increased reservoir discharge caused minor increases of mean and daily peak temperatures of less than 0.15 °C. When combined, increased discharge amplified the effect of modified release depth. The results of this study stress the importance of basing warming mitigation efforts on a detailed understanding of stream heat fluxes and reservoir stratification regime in regulated systems.
Reconstruction of a function from its spherical (circular) means with the centers lying on the surface of certain polygons and polyhedra
Creators: name: Kunyansky, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 44A12, 92C55, 65R32

description: We present explicit filtration/backprojection-type formulae for the inversion of the spherical (circular) mean transform with the centers lying on the boundary of some polyhedra (or polygons, in 2D). The formulae are derived using the double layer potentials for the wave equation, for the domains with certain symmetries. The formulae are valid for a rectangle and certain triangles in 2D, and for a cuboid, certain right prisms and a certain pyramid in 3D. All the present inversion formulae yield exact reconstruction within the domain surrounded by the acquisition surface even in the presence of exterior sources.
description: 9 figures
Phase Structure of Confining Theories on R^3 x S^1
Creators: name: Nishimura, Hiromichi
name: Ogilvie, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work on QCD-like theories on R^3 x S^1 has revealed that a confined phase can exist when the circumference L of S^1 is sufficiently small. Adjoint QCD and double-trace deformation theories with certain conditions are such theories, and we present some new results for their phase diagrams. First we show the connection between the large-L and small-L confined regions in the phase diagram of SU(3) adjoint QCD using Polyakov-Nambu-Jona Lasinio models. Then we consider an SU(2) double-trace deformation theory with adjoint scalars and study conflicts between the Higgs and small-L confined phase.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures. Talk given at the IX International Conference on Quark Confinement and Hadron Spectrum - Madrid, Spain, 30 Aug 2010 - 03 Sep 2010
Electron Evaporation from an Ultracold Plasma in a Uniform Electric Field
Creators: name: Twedt, K. A.
name: Rolston, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrons in an expanding ultracold plasma are expected to be in quasi-equilibrium, since the collision times are short compared to the plasma lifetime, yet we observe electrons evaporating out as the ion density decreases during expansion. We observe that a small electric field that shifts the electron cloud with respect to the ions increases the evaporation rate. We have calculated the spatial distribution of a zero-temperature electron cloud as a function of applied field and ion density, which is assumed to be Gaussian at all times. This calculation allows us to predict the flux of cold electrons from the plasma at all times, and is in good agreement with our observed electron signal.
Death of soliton trains in attractive Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Streltsov, Alexej I.
name: Alon, Ofir. E.
name: Cederbaum, Lorenz S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments on ultra-cold attractive Bose-Einstein Condensates (BECs) have demonstrated that at low dimensions atomic clouds can form localized objects, propagating for long times without significant changes in their shapes and attributed to bright matter-wave solitons, which are coherent objects. We consider the dynamics of bright soliton trains from the perspective of many-boson physics. The fate of matter-wave soliton trains is actually to quickly loose their coherence and become macroscopically fragmented BECs. The death of the coherent matter-wave soliton trains gives birth to fragmented objects, whose quantum properties and experimental signatures differ substantially from what is currently assumed.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures + supplemental material
OnabotulinumtoxinA treatment for neurogenic detrusor overactivity and the prevention of autonomic dysreflexia following spinal cord injury
Creators: name: Fougere, Renée Julia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Individuals with high-level (>T₆) spinal cord injury (SCI) are prone to the development of a dangerous episodic hypertensive condition called autonomic dysreflexia (AD). The urinary bladder is the number one trigger of AD and is attributed to a condition called neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). Intravesical injections of OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) into the detrusor muscle of the bladder in a dose of 200 Units (U) provides effective treatment for NDO. Following Botox, a few studies observed a reduction in AD during urodynamic studies (UDS). In this dissertation, I quantitatively assessed the efficacy of 200 U of intravesical injected Botox into 20 sites of the detrusor muscle on reducing AD severity, frequency and impact on AD-related quality of life (QoL) and bladder-related QoL. A total of 14 individuals (11 male; 3 female), mean age 45 ± 11 years, injury duration of 21 ± 12 years with a traumatic, chronic (> 1 year) SCI at ≥T₆ level underwent arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) monitoring according to an AD cut-off criteria of an increase in systolic BP (SBP) by ≥20 mm Hg above baseline SBP during UDS and 24-hr ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Visit #1 consisted of a UDS pre-screening assessment with BP and HR monitoring. Participants who met the AD cut-off criteria were enrolled and completed 24-hr ABPM, the AD questionnaire, and bladder questionnaire. During Visit #2 (one week later), participants received the Botox injections by the urologist. During Visit #3 (one month later), participants repeated all components of Visit #1. During post-Botox UDS #2, there was a significant reduction in AD severity as per average SBP change (∆) (P = <0.001) and maximum SBP (P = <0.001). There was a significant reduction in bladder-related AD severity SBP∆ (P = 0.001) and frequency (P< 0.001) as well as overall AD severity (P = 0.005) and frequency (P = 0.001) during post-Botox 24-hr ABPM. Significant improvements were found in AD-related QoL (P = 0.0015) and bladder-related QoL (P = 0.0005). AD was abolished in 8/14 (57%). Botox may prove a viable treatment option to reduce AD severity and frequency due to NDO.
Geometry of the X-ray source 1H0707–495
Creators: name: Szanecki, Michał
name: Niedźwiecki, Andrzej
name: Done, Chris
name: Łukasz Klepczarek
name: Lubiński, Piotr
name: Mizumoto, Misaki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: accretion
accretion disks
black hole physics
X-rays: individuals: 1H 0707–495

description: We present constraints for the size and location of the X-ray source in 1H0707–495 determined from the shape of the relativistically smeared reflection from the accretion disc, using a new model for an extended X-ray source. We apply it to all archival XMM observations of 1H0707–495. In contrast to earlier works we find that the relativistic reflection in this source is not consistent with an extended uniform corona. Instead, we find that the X-ray source must be very compact, with the size of at most a gravitational radius, and located at most at a few gravitational radii from the black hole horizon. A uniform extended corona does indeed produce an emissivity which is like a twice broken power law, but the inner emissivity is fixed by the source geometry rather than being a free parameter. In 1H0707–495, reflection from the inner disc is much stronger than expected for a uniformly extended source.
description: based on A&A 641 (2020)
Compaction and tensile forces determine the accuracy of folding landscape parameters from single molecule pulling experiments
Creators: name: Morrison, Greg
name: Hyeon, Changbong
name: Hinczewski, Michael
name: Thirumalai, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We establish a framework for assessing whether the transition state location of a biopolymer, which can be inferred from single molecule pulling experiments, corresponds to the ensemble of structures that have equal probability of reaching either the folded or unfolded states (Pfold = 0.5). Using results for the forced-unfolding of a RNA hairpin, an exactly soluble model and an analytic theory, we show that Pfold is solely determined by s, an experimentally measurable molecular tensegrity parameter, which is a ratio of the tensile force and a compaction force that stabilizes the folded state. Applications to folding landscapes of DNA hairpins and leucine zipper with two barriers provide a structural interpretation of single molecule experimental data. Our theory can be used to assess whether molecular extension is a good reaction coordinate using measured free energy profiles.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett. (in press)
A search for gravitationally lensed water masers in dusty quasars and star-forming galaxies
Creators: name: McKean, J. P.
name: Impellizzeri, C. M. V.
name: Roy, A. L.
name: Castangia, P.
name: Samuel, F.
name: Brunthaler, A.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Wucknitz, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminous extragalactic water masers are known to be associated with AGN and have provided accurate estimates for the mass of the central supermassive black hole and the size and structure of the accretion disk in nearby galaxies. To find water masers at much higher redshifts, we have begun a survey of known gravitationally lensed quasars and star-forming galaxies. In this paper, we present a search for 22 GHz (rest frame) water masers toward five dusty, gravitationally lensed quasars and star-forming galaxies at redshifts 2.3--2.9 with the Effelsberg telescope and the EVLA. Our observations do not find any new definite examples of high redshift water maser galaxies, suggesting that large reservoirs of dust and gas are not a sufficient condition for powerful water maser emission. However, we do find the tentative detection of a water maser system in the active galaxy IRAS 10214+4724 at redshift 2.285. Our survey has now doubled the number of lensed galaxies and quasars that have been searched for high redshift water masers. We present an analysis of the high redshift water maser luminosity function that is based on the results presented here and from the only cosmologically distant (z > 1) water maser galaxy found thus far, MG J0414+0534 at redshift 2.64. By comparing with the luminosity function locally and at moderate redshifts, we find that there must be some evolution in the luminosity function of water maser galaxies at high redshifts. By assuming a moderate evolution [(1 + z )^4] in the luminosity function, we find that blind surveys for water maser galaxies are only worthwhile with extremely high sensitivity like that of the planned Square Kilometre Array. However, instruments like the EVLA and MeerKAT will be capable of detecting water maser systems similar to the one found from MG J0414+0534 through targeted observations.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Flux variability from ejecta in structured relativistic jets
Creators: name: Zakaria, Meliani
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: We investigate the light curves of a variable stratified relativistic jet by means of relativistic magneto-hydrodynamics simulations. Indeed, astrophysical jets in active galactic nuclei seem to be transversely stratified, with a fast inner jet and a slower outer jet. As it is likely that the launching mechanism for each component is different. In the other hand, the steady and moving knots properties are observed along these jets. Results: With the proposed model, we were able to explain the observed asymmetry flares in radio resulting from interaction between moving and standing shock. This asymmetry results from remnant emission of the shocked standing shocks.
Additional file 3 of Jasmonate signaling drives defense responses against Alternaria alternata in chrysanthemum
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuhuan
name: Miao, Weihao
name: Liu, Ye
name: Jiang, Jiafu
name: Chen, Sumei
name: Chen, Fadi
name: Guan, Zhiyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S3. Visualization of the changes in the secondary metabolic gene expression following JA treatment and A. alternate infection. (a) Significant upregulation of secondary metabolic genes in the JA-treated group compared to MOCK. (b) Significant upregulation of secondary metabolic genes in the JA-I group compared to JA-treated group. The log2 (fold change) values of differentially expressed genes are represented by red squares.
Spectral and polarization properties of black hole accretion disc emission: including absorption effects
Creators: name: Marra, Lorenzo
name: Taverna, Roberto
name: Bianchi, Stefano
name: Bursa, Michal
name: Karas, Vladimir
name: Dovčiak, Michal
name: Goosmann, René
name: Marin, Frederic
name: Matt, Giorgio
name: Mikusincova, Romana
name: Zhang, Wenda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: stars: black holes
X-rays: binaries
accretion discs
abundances
polarization

description: The study of radiation emitted from black hole accretion discs represents a crucial way to understand the main physical properties of these sources, and in particular the black hole spin. Beside spectral analysis, polarimetry is becoming more and more important, motivated by the development of new techniques which will soon allow to perform measurements also in the X- and γ-rays. Photons emitted from black hole accretion discs in the soft state are indeed expected to be polarized, with an energy dependence which can provide an estimate of the black hole spin. Calculations performed so far, however, considered scattering as the only process to determine the polarization state of the emitted radiation, implicitly assuming that the temperatures involved are such that material in the disc is entirely ionized. In this work we generalize the problem by calculating the ionization structure of a surface layer of the disc with the public code CLOUDY, and then by determining the polarization properties of the emerging radiation using the Monte Carlo code STOKES. This allows us to account for absorption effects alongside scattering ones. We show that including absorption can deeply modify the polarization properties of the emerging radiation with respect to what is obtained in the pure-scattering limit. As a general rule, we find that the polarization degree is larger when absorption is more important, which occurs e.g. for low accretion rates and/or spins when the ionization of the matter in the innermost accretion disc regions is far from complete.
description: {"references": ["Chandrasekhar S., 1960, Radiative transfer, Dover, New York", "Comp\u00e8re G., Oliveri R., 2017, MNRAS, 468, 4351", "Ferland G. J. et al., 2017, The 2017 Release Cloudy. Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica, 53, 385", "Goosmann R. W., Gaskell C. M., 2007, A&A, 465, 129", "Marin F., 2018, A&A, 615, 171", "Novikov I. D. , Thorne K. S. , 1973, in Black Holes (Les Astres Occlus), C. Dewitt, and B. S. Dewitt, 343", "Shakura N. I., Sunyaev R. A., 1973, A&A, 24, 337", "Taverna R., Zhang W., Dovc\u02c7iak M., Bianchi S., Bursa M., Karas V., 2020, MNRAS, 493, 4960", "Taverna R., Marra L., Bianchi S., Dovc\u02c7iak M., Goosmann R., Marin F., Matt G., Zhang W., 2021, MNRAS, 501, 3393", "Weisskopf, M. C., Ramsey, B., O'Dell, S., et al. 2016, in Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series, Vol. 9905, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, ed. J.-W. A. den Herder, T. Takahashi, & M. Bautz, 990517"]}
Essays on empirical likelihood
Creators: name: Ma, Jun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: This thesis consists of three research chapters on the theory of empirical likelihood (EL), which is a class of inferential methods widely used in econometrics. In Chapter 2, we focus on estimation and testing of moment restriction models with weakly dependent stationary time series data using blockwise empirical likelihood method. Empirical likelihood based methods often encounters the finite sample problem that the constraint set of the profiling step becomes empty. This issue undermines the validity of EL-based methods in empirical applications. We first show first-order validity of Chen, Variyath and Abraham (2008)'s pseudo observation adjustment, which is used to overcome this shortcoming. Under regularity conditions, key higher-order properties are found. The first property is that blockwise EL ratio statistics admit higher-order refinement and this refinement can be implemented via either mean adjustment to the EL ratio statistic or creating a pseudo observation with specific level of adjustment. By the latter approach, we address both the empty-constraint-set issue and low precision of chi-square approximation. We also find that for testing problems, the optimal block length choice that minimizes the higher-order approximation error has an order of magnitude the sample size to the power of 2/5. In Chapter 3, we focus on parameter hypothesis testing problems for moment restriction models using EL ratio tests. We substantially extend existing theorems on Bartlet correctability of EL ratio tests for parameter testing problems in Chen and Cui (2007) and Chen and Cui (2006.a). We consider tests of general nonlinear restrictions on the parameter under the null hypothesis. We show Bartlett correctability of EL ratio tests of such a large family of testing problems, which are potentially useful in many empirical applications. In Chapter 4, we focus on estimation and testing of conditional moment restrictions with i.i.d. data. Following the approach of adjusted empirical likelihood (AEL) proposed by Chen, Variyath and Abraham (2008), this paper develops AEL-based methods for conditional moment restrictions, and establishes that new methods produce semiparametrically efficient estimators and consistent specification tests. This new method shows improved computational efficiency and accuracy in finite samples, as compared to some existing alternatives.
The Urbach tail in silica glass from first principles
Creators: name: Sadigh, Babak
name: Erhart, Paul
name: Åberg, Daniel
name: Trave, Andrea
name: Schwegler, Eric
name: Bude, Jeff
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present density-functional theory calculations of the optical absorption spectra of silica glass for temperatures up to 2400 K. The calculated spectra exhibit exponential tails near the fundamental absorption edge that follow the Urbach rule, in good agreement with experiments. We also discuss the accuracy of our results by comparing to hybrid exchange correlation functionals. By deriving a simple relationship between the exponential tails of the absorption coefficient and the electronic density-of-states, we establish a direct link between the photoemission and the absorption spectra near the absorption edge. This relationship is subsequently employed to determine the lower bound to the Urbach frequency regime. Most interestingly, in this frequency interval, the optical absorption is Poisson distributed with very large statistical fluctuations. Finally, We determine the upper bound to the Urbach frequency regime by identifying the frequency at which transition to Poisson distribution takes place.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Non-Gaussian velocity distributions - The effect on virial mass estimates of galaxy groups
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Andre L. B.
name: Lopes, Paulo A. A.
name: Trevisan, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of 9 galaxy groups with evidence for non-Gaussianity in their velocity distributions out to 4R200. This sample is taken from 57 groups selected from the 2PIGG catalog of galaxy groups. Statistical analysis indicates that non-Gaussian groups have masses significantly higher than Gaussian groups. We also have found that all non-Gaussian systems seem to be composed of multiple velocity modes. Besides, our results indicate that multimodal groups should be considered as a set of individual units with their own properties. In particular, we have found that the mass distribution of such units are similar to that of Gaussian groups. Our results reinforce the idea of non-Gaussian systems as complex structures in the phase space, likely corresponding to secondary infall aggregations at a stage before virialization. The understanding of these objects is relevant for cosmological studies using groups and clusters through the mass function evolution.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in the MNRAS
Additional file 4 of Jasmonate signaling drives defense responses against Alternaria alternata in chrysanthemum
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuhuan
name: Miao, Weihao
name: Liu, Ye
name: Jiang, Jiafu
name: Chen, Sumei
name: Chen, Fadi
name: Guan, Zhiyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4: Fig. S4. Visualization of the changes in metabolic and regulatory gene expression following A. alternate infection. (a) Exclusively upregulated metabolic genes in MOCK-I vs. MOCK. (b) Exclusively upregulated regulatory genes in MOCK-I vs. MOCK. (c) Exclusively downregulated metabolic genes in JA-I vs. JA. (d) Exclusively upregulated regulatory genes in JA-I vs. JA. The log2 (fold change) values of differentially expressed genes are represented by red squares. Not all differentially expressed genes are presented in the map, only the genes related to metabolic pathways and regulation are displayed. CHO, carbohydrates; OPP, oxidative pentose phosphate pathway; and TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Ionization Equilibrium Timescales in Collisional Plasmas
Creators: name: Smith, Randall K.
name: Hughes, John P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astrophysical shocks or bursts from a photoionizing source can disturb the typical collisional plasma found in galactic interstellar media or the intergalactic medium. The spectrum emitted by this plasma contains diagnostics that have been used to determine the time since the disturbing event, although this determination becomes uncertain as the elements in the plasma return to ionization equilibrium. A general solution for the equilibrium timescale for each element arises from the elegant eigenvector method of solution to the problem of a non-equilibrium plasma described by Masai (1984) and Hughes & Helfand (1985). In general the ionization evolution of an element Z in a constant electron temperature plasma is given by a coupled set of Z+1 first order differential equations. However, they can be recast as Z uncoupled first order differential equations using an eigenvector basis for the system. The solution is then Z separate exponential functions, with the time constants given by the eigenvalues of the rate matrix. The smallest of these eigenvalues gives the scale of slowest return to equilibrium independent of the initial conditions, while conversely the largest eigenvalue is the scale of the fastest change in the ion population. These results hold for an ionizing plasma, a recombining plasma, or even a plasma with random initial conditions, and will allow users of these diagnostics to determine directly if their best-fit result significantly limits the timescale since a disturbance or is so close to equilibrium as to include an arbitrarily-long time.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication by the Astrophysical Journal
Endpoint Estimates for N-dimensional Hardy Operators and Their Commutators
Creators: name: Zhao, Fayou
name: Fu, Zunwei
name: Lu, Shanzhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B20, 42B30 (Primary), 47B47 (Secondary)

description: In this paper, it is proved that the higher dimensional Hardy operator is bounded from Hardy space to Lebesgue space. The endpoint estimate for the commutator generated by Hardy operator and (central) BMO function is also discussed.
description: 8 pages
Saving fourth generation and baryon number by living long
Creators: name: Murayama, Hitoshi
name: Rentala, Vikram
name: Shu, Jing
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies of precision electroweak observables have led to the conclusion that a fourth generation is highly constrained. However, we point out that a long-lived fourth generation can reopen a large portion of the parameter space. In addition, it preserves baryon and lepton asymmetries against sphaleron erasure even if $B-L=0$. It opens up the possibility of exact $B-L$ symmetry and hence Dirac neutrinos. The fourth generation can be observed at the LHC with unique signatures of long-lived particles in the near future.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Signatures of electronic polarons in La$_{1-x}$Sr$_{1+x}$MnO$_4$ observed by electron energy-loss spectroscopy
Creators: name: Kraus, R.
name: Schrade, M.
name: Schuster, R.
name: Knupfer, M.
name: Revcolevschi, A.
name: Büchner, B.
name: Geck, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dielectric properties of La$_{1-x}$Sr$_{1+x}$MnO$_4$ single crystals with x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 were studied by means of electron energy-loss spectroscopy as a function of temperature and momentum transfer. A clear signature of the doped holes is observed around 1.65 eV energy loss, where spectral weight emerges with increasing x. For all $x \neq 0$, this doping-induced excitation can propagate within the ab-plane, as revealed by a clear upward dispersion of the corresponding loss peak with increasing momentum transfer. The hole-induced excitation also shifts to higher energies with the onset of magnetic correlations for x = 0.5, implying a strong coupling of charge and spin dynamics. We conclude that (i) the loss feature at 1.65 eV is a signature of electronic polarons, which are created around doped holes, and that (ii) this low-energy excitation involves the charge transfer between manganese and oxygen. The finite dispersion of these excitations further indicates significant polaron-polaron interactions.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
A Goldstone Theorem in Thermal Relativistic Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Jaekel, Christian D.
name: Wreszinski, Walter F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove a Goldstone Theorem in thermal relativistic quantum field theory, which relates spontaneous symmetry breaking to the rate of space-like decay of the two-point function. The critical rate of fall-off coincides with that of the massless free scalar field theory. Related results and open problems are briefly discussed.
Appearance of fluctuating stripes at the onset of the pseudogap in the high-Tc Superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x
Creators: name: Parker, Colin V.
name: Aynajian, Pegor
name: Neto, Eduardo H. da Silva
name: Pushp, Aakash
name: Ono, Shimpei
name: Wen, Jinsheng
name: Xu, Zhijun
name: Gu, Genda
name: Yazdani, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doped Mott insulators have been shown to have a strong propensity to form patterns of holes and spins often referred to as stripes. In copper-oxides, doping also gives rise to the pseudogap state, which transforms into a high temperature superconductor with sufficient doping or by reducing the temperature. A long standing question has been the interplay between pseudogap, which is generic to all hole-doped cuprates, and stripes, whose static form occurs in only one family of cuprates over a narrow range of the phase diagram. Here we examine the spatial reorganization of electronic states with the onset of the pseudogap state at T* in the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x using spectroscopic mapping with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). We find that the onset of the pseudogap phase coincides with the appearance of electronic patterns that have the predicted characteristics of fluctuating stripes. As expected, the stripe patterns are strongest when the hole concentration in the CuO2 planes is close to 1/8 (per Cu). While demonstrating that the fluctuating stripes emerge with the onset of the pseudogap state and occur over a large part of the cuprate phase diagram, our experiments indicate that they are a consequence of pseudogap behavior rather than its cause.
description: preprint version, 25 pages including supplementary information
Additional file 5 of Jasmonate signaling drives defense responses against Alternaria alternata in chrysanthemum
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuhuan
name: Miao, Weihao
name: Liu, Ye
name: Jiang, Jiafu
name: Chen, Sumei
name: Chen, Fadi
name: Guan, Zhiyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5: Fig. S5. Changes in secondary metabolite levels in chrysanthemum leaves after JA treatment and A. alternate infection. (a) Changes in monolignol levels in Chrysanthemum leaves in MOCK, MOCK-I, JA, JA-I groups. (b) Changes in anthocyanin levels in Chrysanthemum leaves in MOCK, MOCK-I, JA, JA-I groups. Changes in the levels of metabolites were analyzed by GC/LC-MS. Values represent the means of three biological replicates ± standard error. Green bars indicate metabolite levels in non-infected leaves, while orange bars are the metabolite levels after infection. MOCK, control; MOCK-I, control infected group; JA-I, MeJA pre-treated and infected group; JA, MeJA-pre-treated group.
Quasi-Particle Theory of Shear and Bulk Viscosities of Hadronic Matter
Creators: name: Chakraborty, P.
name: Kapusta, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical framework for the calculation of shear and bulk viscosities of hadronic matter at finite temperature is presented. The framework is based on the quasi-particle picture. It allows for an arbitrary number of hadron species with point-like interactions, and allows for both elastic and inelastic collisions. Detailed balance is ensured. The particles have temperature dependent masses arising from mean field or potential effects, which maintains self-consistency between the equation of state and the transport coefficients. As an example, we calculate the shear and bulk viscosity in the linear $σ$ model. The ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density shows a minimum in the vicinity of a rapid crossover transition, while the ratio of bulk viscosity to entropy density shows a maximum.
description: 45 pages
Grain and Fruit Values
Creators: name: Ortiz, Blanca
name: Christianson, Megan
name: Hendrickson, Ashley
name: Adegoye, Grace A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Dairy, fruits, nutrition benefits, immersive learning, nutrition education

description: Grain and fruit value is a nutrition education material and part of the Immersive Learning Project deliverables. The infographic was developed by senior Nutrition and Dietetic students, Nutrition and Dietetic Program at the Department of Nutrition and Health Science, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. The aim of developing this material is to provide nutrition education to community members and promote healthy eating. This project was implemented in collaboration with the Ross Community Center, Muncie, Indiana.
description: The infographic was designed by the senior Nutrition and Dietetic students of the Nutrition and Dietetic Program at the Department of Nutrition and Health Science, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. All authors have equal contributions.
A three-dimensional (3D) defocusing-based particle tracking method and applications to inertial focusing in microfluidic devices
Creators: name: Winer, Michael Hubert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Three-dimensional analysis of particles in flows within microfluidic devices is a necessary technique in the majority of current microfluidics research. One method that allows for accurate determination of particle positions in channels is defocusing-based optical detection. This thesis investigates the use of the defocusing method for particles ranging in size from 2-18 μm without the use of a three-hole aperture. Using a calibration-based analysis motivated by previous work, we were able to relate the particle position in space to its apparent size in an image. This defocusing method was then employed in several studies in order to validate its effectiveness in a wide range of particle/flow profiles. An initial study of gravitational effects on particles in low Reynolds number flows was conducted, showing that the method is accurate for particles with sizes equal to or greater than approximately 2 μm. We also found that the resolution of particle position accuracy was within 1 μm of expected theoretical results. Further studies were conducted in inertial focusing conditions, where viscous drag and inertial lift forces balance to create unique particle focusing positions in straight channels. Steady-state inertial studies in both rectangular and cylindrical channel geometries showed focusing of particles to positions similar to previous work, further verifying the defocusing method. A new regime of inertial focusing, coined transient flow, was also investigated with the use of the 3D defocusing method. This study established new regimes of particle focusing due to the effects of a transient flow on inertial forces. Within the transient study, the effects of fluid and particle density on particle focusing positions were also investigated. Finally, we provide recommendations for future work on the defocusing method and transient flows, including potential applications.
Additional file 6 of Jasmonate signaling drives defense responses against Alternaria alternata in chrysanthemum
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuhuan
name: Miao, Weihao
name: Liu, Ye
name: Jiang, Jiafu
name: Chen, Sumei
name: Chen, Fadi
name: Guan, Zhiyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6: Fig. S6. Changes in shared defense-related gene expression levels in response to JA treatment and A. alternate infection. Heat map presenting normalized Log2 (FPKM+1) expression of genes that are more up-regulated in JA-I vs. JA compared to MOCK-I vs. MOCK. Rows are centered based on the average FPKM. MOCK, control; MOCK-I, control infected group; JA-I, MeJA pre-treated and infected group; JA, MeJA-pre-treated group.
CP-violation in SUSY cascades at the LHC
Creators: name: Tattersall, Jamie
name: Moortgat-Pick, Gudrid
name: Rolbiecki, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the potential to observe CP-violating effects in SUSY cascade decay chains at the LHC. Asymmetries composed by triple products of momenta of the final state particles are sensitive to CP-violating effects. Due to large boosts that dilute the asymmetries, these can be difficult to observe. Extending the methods of momentum reconstruction we show that the original size of these asymmetries may be measurable. A study is done at the hadronic level with backgrounds to estimate the expected sensitivity at the LHC.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures; to appear in the proceedings of Physics at the LHC 2010 (PLHC 2010), Hamburg, Germany, 7-12 June 2010
Nominalization and voice in Kwak'wala
Creators: name: Sherer, Laura
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Kwak̓wala appears to give privileged status to the syntactic position of subject in the formation of several clause types that rely on extraction; that is to say, the subject is the only element which can be A'-extracted to form relative clauses, WH-questions, and cleft sentences. For this reason, it has been claimed that any constituent which is not the subject must first become the subject in order to be extracted. This is achieved by marking the predicate of the clause with one of several suffixes which have variously been termed passive markers, focus markers, and nominalizers. This thesis argues that the supposedly unique behaviour of the subject is a result of restrictions against extraction of case-marked DPs, and shows that non-subject constituents which are not case-marked can extract without first being promoted to subject position. Furthermore, I argue that nominalization is the most satisfactory analysis of the suffixes which allow DPs that would otherwise be case-marked to surface as subjects. This account is particularly useful in accounting for the behaviour and distribution of the suffix -nukw, which has what appear to be two different functions (indicating possession and indefinite objects), and which defies explanation according to both of the predominant theories of passive formation (Baker, Johnson & Roberts 1989; Collins 2005). I further argue that, of the eight suffixes I consider, only seven display sufficient syntactic similarities to be considered a single class of affixes. The eighth is not only distinct in its behaviour, but is also the only one which targets non-subjects that are not case-marked. Finally, I consider how my proposed structure for Kwak̓wala compares to analyses for Austronesian languages, and particularly Tagalog, which has been observed to have similar patterns of extraction.
Additional file 7 of Jasmonate signaling drives defense responses against Alternaria alternata in chrysanthemum
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuhuan
name: Miao, Weihao
name: Liu, Ye
name: Jiang, Jiafu
name: Chen, Sumei
name: Chen, Fadi
name: Guan, Zhiyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 7: Fig S7. Changes in shared TF expression levels due to JA treatment and A. alternate infection. Heat map presenting normalized Log2 fold change of WRKY TFs that are more up-regulated in JA-I vs JA when compared to MOCK-I vs. MOCK groups. MOCK-I, log2 (MOCK-I/MOCK) and JA-I, log2 (JA-I/JA).
Associated b-Quark Higgs Boson Production at the LHC
Creators: name: Dawson, S.
name: Jackson, C. B.
name: Jaiswal, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The associated production of a Higgs boson with a b quark is a discovery mode for an MSSM Higgs boson at large tan beta. We present updates on the production rate at the LHC, along with a discussion of the importance of the SQCD corrections from squark and gluino loops. We also discuss the purely electroweak contributions.
description: 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics - ICHEP2010, July 22-28, 2010, Paris France
The role of attractive forces in viscous liquids
Creators: name: Berthier, Ludovic
name: Tarjus, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence from computer simulation that the slowdown of relaxation of a standard Lennard-Jones glass-forming liquid and that of its reduction to a model with truncated pair potentials without attractive tails is quantitatively and qualitatively different in the viscous regime. The pair structure of the two models is however very similar. This finding, which appears to contradict the common view that the physics of dense liquids is dominated by the steep repulsive forces between atoms, is characterized in detail, and its consequences are explored. Beyond the role of attractive forces themselves, a key aspect in explaining the differences in the dynamical behavior of the two models is the truncation of the interaction potentials beyond a cutoff at typical interatomic distance. This leads us to question the ability of the jamming scenario to describe the physics of glass-forming liquids and polymers.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
The second quandle homology of the Takasaki quandle of an odd abelian group is an exterior square of the group
Creators: name: Niebrzydowski, Maciej
name: Przytycki, Jozef H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 55N35, Secondary: 18G60, 57M25

description: We prove that if G is an abelian group of odd order then there is an isomorphism from the second quandle homology of the Takasaki quandle of G to the exterior square of G. In particular, for G=Z_k^n, k odd, we obtain Z_k^{n(n-1)/2}. Nontrivial second homology allows us to use 2-cocycles to construct new quandles from T(G), and to construct link invariants.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Modeling mass independent of anisotropy
Creators: name: Wolf, Joe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By manipulating the spherical Jeans equation, Wolf et al. (2010) show that the mass enclosed within the 3D deprojected half-light radius r_1/2 can be determined with only mild assumptions about the spatial variation of the stellar velocity dispersion anisotropy as long as the projected velocity dispersion profile is fairly flat near the half-light radius, as is typically observed. They find M_1/2 = 3 σ_los^2 r_1/2 / G ~ 4 σ_los^2 R_eff / G, where σ_los^2 is the luminosity-weighted square of the line-of-sight velocity dispersion and R_eff is the 2D projected half-light radius. This finding can be used to show that all of the Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies (MW dSphs) are consistent with having formed within a halo of mass approximately 3 x 10^9 M_sun assuming a LCDM cosmology. In addition, the dynamical I-band mass-to-light ratio (M/L) vs. M_1/2 relation for dispersion-supported galaxies follows a U-shape, with a broad minimum near M/L ~ 3 that spans dwarf elliptical galaxies to normal ellipticals, a steep rise to M/L ~ 3,200 for ultra-faint dSphs, and a more shallow rise to M/L ~ 800 for galaxy cluster spheroids.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. IAU Symposium 271: Astrophysical Dynamics: From Stars to Galaxies
Toroidal ferroelectricity in PbTiO3 nanoparticles
Creators: name: Stachiotti, M. G.
name: Sepliarsky, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report from first-principles-based atomistic simulations that ferroelectricity can be sustained in PbTiO3 nanoparticles of only a few lattice constants in size as a result of a toroidal ordering. We found that size-induced topological transformations lead to the stabilization of a ferroelectric bubble by the alignment of vortex cores along a closed path. These transformations, which are driven by the aspect ratio of the nanostructure, change the topology of the polarization field, producing a rich variety of polar configurations. For sufficiently flat nanostructures, a multi-bubble state bridges the gap between 0D nanodots and 2D ultra-thin films. The thermal properties of the ferroelectric bubbles indicate that this state is suitable for the development of nanometric devices.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures. Accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett
Reply to Comment on "Quantum phase transition in the four-spin exchange antiferromagnet"
Creators: name: Kotov, Valeri N.
name: Yao, D. X.
name: Neto, A. H. Castro
name: Campbell, D. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that our analysis of the J-Q model, presented in Phys. Rev. B 80, 174403 (2009), and based on a field-theory description of coupled dimers, captures properly the strong quantum fluctuations tendencies, and the objections outlined by L. Isaev, G. Ortiz, and J. Dukelsky, arXiv:1003.5205, are misplaced.