cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Megachile agustini Cockerell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile agustini

description: agustini Cockerell, new comb.
Megachile agustini Cockerell 1905a: 82 ­83. Male. Type locality: Pecos, New Mexico [U.S.A.]. Type repository: AMNH. Examined.
Megachile (Phaenosarus) agustini Mitchell 1936: 141 ­143.
Megachile (Phaenosarus) subfortis Mitchell 1936: 145 ­147. Male. Type locality: Douglas, Arizona [U.S.A.]. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2061.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Competition, Games and Evolution
Creators: name: Georgiou, Harris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine learning
subject: Data Analytics
subject: Data science
subject: Artificial intelligence
subject: Robotics

description: There are multiple ways to approach Artificial Intelligence in relation to human or "natural" intelligence. At the center, the core aspect of behaviour characterizes the level of efficiency and adaptiveness to the environment, or how "intelligent" this behaviour looks like, regardless if it refers to human, animal or machine.In this lecture, Natural Intelligence is explored under the fundamentals of Game Theory and Conflict Resolution. When resources are scarce and agents have to compete or cooperate in order to achive optimal outcomes, zero-sum and non-zero-sum games provide the mathematical tools to model the conflict situation and, sometimes, predict its evolution in the future. Simple setups like the "Chicken" or "Prisoner's Dilemma" games lead to extremely complex theory, involving the discovery of Evolutionary Stable Strategies like "T4T". Nevertheless, these are the bases for designing much simpler and practical applications in the scope of Swarm AI, like the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and similar optimization algorithms.

Keywords: Machine Learning, Data Analytics, AI, Artificial Intelligence, Game Theory, lectureVideo: https://youtu.be/6SDnjucD08E
Hypselostoma khaochongpran
Creators: name: Gojšina, Vukašin
name: Hunyadi, András
name: Sutcharit, Chirasak
name: Tongkerd, Piyoros
name: Auffenberg, Kurt
name: Grego, Jozef
name: Vermeulen, Jaap J.
name: Reischütz, Alexander
name: Páll-Gergely, Barna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Hypselostomatidae
Hypselostoma
Hypselostoma khaochongpran

description: Hypselostoma khaochongpran (Panha & J. B. Burch, 2002)
Anauchen khaochongpran Panha & Burch, 2002 e: 22, fig. 3.
Hypselostoma khaochongpran — Panha and Burch 2008: 94, fig. 80; Dumrongrojwattana and Wongkamhaeng 2024: 324, fig. 8.
Type material examined.
Thailand • holotype; 1999; S. Panha leg; CUMZ 4022.
Type locality.
“ Khaochongpran, Ratchaburi province, 13°35′38″N, 99°40′0″E, 60 meters elevation ” (Thailand).
Differential diagnosis.
This species is strikingly similar to H. cucumense but differs by the much weaker apertural barriers and less distinctly ascending last whorl.
Distribution.
This species is known only from the type locality.
description: Published as part of Gojšina, Vukašin, Hunyadi, András, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Auffenberg, Kurt, Grego, Jozef, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Reischütz, Alexander & Páll-Gergely, Barna, 2025, A new start? Revision of the genera Anauchen, Bensonella, Gyliotrachela and Hypselostoma (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Hypselostomatidae) of Southeast Asia with description of 46 new species, pp. 1-338 in ZooKeys 1235 on pages 1-338, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1235.145281
Hydraulic aspects of environmental flood management in boreal conditions
Creators: name: Helmiö, T.
name: Järvelä, J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2004

description: In environmental flood management, an essential task is to improve channel conveyance using environmentally preferable methods, which aim to preserve natural morphological and hydraulic characteristics of a river. This requires a reliable channel design method that accounts for complex hydraulics, i.e. two-stage channel or considerable bank vegetation. Hydraulic field measurements were carried out in two rivers to find out how different factors affected flow resistance. In one of the study reaches, the effects of bioengineering on channel hydraulics were investigated under boreal climatic conditions. The Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, the Manning coefficient and the roughness height were related to the characteristics of channel geometry and flow. Comparison between the field data and the investigated channel design methods gave accurate results only in reaches having simple hydraulic properties. In reaches with complex hydraulics the results were poor.
Characterisation of humic acids in boreal mires depending on a peat type
Creators: name: Krumins, J.
name: Klavins, M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2022

description: The main question addressed in this study was the ongoing discussion about the humification of organic matter in different environments. We aimed at demonstrating the relation between organic matter transformation in boreal fens and raised bogs and related humic acid properties, depending on the precursor biota and environmental conditions. To highlight the differences between humic acids in different peat types, the main methods applied were based on the elemental and spectroscopic analysis and the comparison of the data obtained. The main findings pointed to differences in the concentration of aromatic compounds in humic acids, depending on peat type, i.e., the aromaticity of humic acids in fen peat was comparatively higher than that of humic acids in raised bog peat, which appeared to be related to fen peat formation from lignin-rich higher vegetation that provided aromatic macromolecules. While raised bog peat-forming bryophytes did contain molecules rich in phenols, the aliphatic compounds prevailed in the composition of humic acids. We found that fen peat humic acids were also more affected by carbohydrate degradation over time, leading to apparent functional differences between boreal fen and raised bog peat humic acids. The humification process itself seems to be initialized similarly in boreal fens and raised bogs, while comparatively higher aromaticity of fen peat humic acids appears to be related to high lignin content, which joins the humification process at a later stage of peat formation due to slow decomposition rate and thus it per se does not indicate a humification processes being different from raised bog peat. Albeit lignin involvement changes the microbial pathways to degrade the organic material in fens at a later stage, and in raised bogs due to uniform lower vegetation cover, the microbial pathways do not change significantly over time.
title: Формирование культурной идентичности обучающихся: историко-педагогический подход и дидактические решения
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2024

description: Монография посвящена проблемам формирования культурной идентичности учащейся молодёжи. В монографии исследуется историко-педагогическое наследие Великого Новгорода как источник развития культурной идентичности молодых людей. Раскрываются концептуальные основы подготовки в университете педагогов к формированию культурной идентичности обучающихся. Описываются цифровые инструменты развития у молодежи национальной идентичности, раскрываются механизмы формирования социально-профессиональной идентичности у будущих учителей в системе непрерывного педагогического образования. Монография предназначена для научного сообщества, специалистов и студентов, обучающихся по укрупненной группе специальностей и направлений подготовки «Образование и педагогические науки». Монография рекомендована для использования в процессе изучения этнопедагогики, этнопсихологии, общей педагогики, истории педагогики, семейной педагогики, социальной педагогики и урбанистики.
Formal Mechanised Semantics of CHERI C: Capabilities, Undefined Behaviour, and Provenance.
Creators: name: Zaliva, Vadim
name: Memarian, Kayvan
name: Almeida, Ricardo
name: Clarke, Jessica
name: Davis, Brooks
name: Richardson, Alexander
name: Chisnall, David
name: Campbell, Brian
name: Stark, Ian
name: Watson, Robert NM
name: Sewell, Peter
Publisher: name: ACM
Year: 2024

description: Memory safety issues are a persistent source of security vulnerabilities, with conventional architectures and the C codebase chronically prone to exploitable errors. The CHERI research project has shown how one can provide radically improved security for that existing codebase with minimal modification, using unforgeable hardware capabilities in place of machine-word pointers in CHERI dialects of C, implemented as adaptions of Clang/LLVM and GCC. CHERI was first prototyped as extensions of MIPS and RISC-V; it is currently being evaluated by Arm and others with the Arm Morello experimental architecture, processor, and platform, to explore its potential for mass-market adoption, and by Microsoft in their CHERIoT design for embedded cores. There is thus considerable practical experience with CHERI C implementation and use, but exactly what CHERI C's semantics is (or should be) remains an open question. In this paper, we present the first attempt to rigorously and comprehensively define CHERI C semantics, discuss key semantics design questions relating to capabilities, provenance, and undefined behaviour, and clarify them with semantics in multiple complementary forms: in prose, as an executable semantics adapting the Cerberus C semantics, and mechanised in Coq. This establishes a solid foundation for CHERI C, for those porting code to it, for compiler implementers, and for future semantics and verification.
Effects of a dispersal barrier on freshwater migration of the vimba bream (Vimba vimba)
Creators: name: Tambets, M.
name: Kärgenberg, E.
name: Thorstad, E.B.
name: Sandlund, O.T.
name: Økland, F.
name: Thalfeldt, M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2018

description: To study the effects of a dispersal barrier on migration of the semi-anadromous vimba bream in the Pärnu River, Estonia, we tagged thirty fish with acoustic transmitters and released above the barrier. Tagged fish showed variation in behaviour, and 16 different spawning movement patterns were identified. Several fish moved > 25 km upstream. Batch spawning was suggested by stops in up to four different spawning areas. The fish descended to the sea after spawning in spring; females earlier than males. After spending on average 137 days in the sea, they returned to the river during autumn and stayed in the river on average 174 days until the next spawning. The fish were most active during sunrise and sunset. In conclusion, the study shows that the dam prevents a diversification of migration behaviour and the associated expansion of spawning areas. A more efficient fishway could promote population growth and improve stock status.
The capability of harvestable slot-length limit regulation in conserving large and old northern pike (Esox lucius)
Creators: name: Tiainen, J.
name: Olin, M.
name: Lehtonen, H.
name: Nyberg, K.
name: Ruuhijärvi, J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2017

description: In this experimental fisheries regulation study, we compared the effects of size-selective fishing according to minimum length limit (MLL, 40 cm) or harvestable slot-length limit (HSL, 40–64.9 cm) on population density, biomass, size and age structures, and sex ratio of the northern pike (Esox lucius). Data were collected during the years 2006–2013 in four 2.1–13.8 ha pristine forest lakes in southern Finland. In lakes where MLL fishing was carried out, pike density, biomass and size structure showed greater negative responses than in lakes where HSL fishing was carried out: mean length and age decreased, and large pike (≥ 65 cm) disappeared in just four years. HSL fishing affected the pike to a lesser extent, and large pike remained in the lakes, which is considered an essential feature of sustainable fishing. However, the results suggest that the number of large pike may decrease even under the HSL fishing strategy if the growth rate is slow and fishing is intensive, due to the high possibility of fish being caught before reaching the length beyond the upper HSL limit.
FINSKEN: a framework for developing consistent global change scenarios for Finland in the 21st century
Creators: name: Carter, T. R.
name: Fronzek, S.
name: Bärlund, I.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2004

description: This paper presents the rationale, methodology and results of the three-year FINSKEN project to develop global change scenarios for Finland in the 21st century. Scenario consistency was pursued by relating all scenarios to the same global driving factors of environmental change specified by the IPCC. Scenarios were constructed of socio-economic development, climate, sea level, surface ozone exposure, and sulphur and nitrogen deposition. Both empirical and modelling approaches were used to develop scenarios. Linkages between scenario types were examined to improve scenario integration. Stakeholder dialogue was encouraged through a questionnaire survey, two project seminars, and face-to-face interviews. Two types of future world are described: a consumer-driven \A-world\ and a community-minded \B-world\. In the A-world there is strong economic growth in Finland accompanied by rapid increases in CO2 concentration, increased ozone pollution and nitrogen deposition, rapid climate warming, increased precipitation and a possible reversal from falling to rising sea levels. The B-world shows lower economic growth than the A-world, and less rapid increases in CO2 concentration, temperature and precipitation. After initial increases, ozone pollution and deposition are unlikely to exceed present levels and will probably be much lower by the end of the century. Sea levels in southern Finland either stabilise or continue to fall.
Revisiting Neural Program Smoothing for Fuzzing
Creators: name: Nicolae, Maria-Irina
name: Eisele, Max
name: Zeller, Andreas
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: Testing with randomly generated inputs (fuzzing) has gained significant traction due to its capacity to expose program vulnerabilities automatically. Fuzz testing campaigns generate large amounts of data, making them ideal for the application of machine learning (ML). Neural program smoothing, a specific family of ML-guided fuzzers, aims to use a neural network as a smooth approximation of the program target for new test case generation. In this paper, we conduct the most extensive evaluation of neural program smoothing (NPS) fuzzers against standard gray-box fuzzers (>11 CPU years and >5.5 GPU years), and make the following contributions: (1) We find that the original performance claims for NPS fuzzers do not hold; a gap we relate to fundamental, implementation, and experimental limitations of prior works. (2) We contribute the first in-depth analysis of the contribution of machine learning and gradient-based mutations in NPS . (3) We implement Neuzz++, which shows that addressing the practical limitations of NPS fuzzers improves performance, but standard gray-box fuzzers almost always surpass NPS-based fuzzers. (4) As a consequence, we propose new guidelines targeted at benchmarking fuzzing based
on machine learning, and present a platform, MLFuzz, with GPU access for easy and reproducible evaluation of ML -based fuzzers. Neuzz++, MLFuzz, and all our data are public.
Higher-level large-eddy filtering strategy for general relativistic fluid simulations
Creators: name: Celora, Thomas
name: Andersson, Nils
name: Hawke, Ian
name: Comer, Greg L.
name: Hatton, Marcus J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear simulations of neutron star mergers are complicated by the need to represent turbulent dynamics. As we cannot (yet) perform simulations that resolve accurately both the gravitational-wave scale and the smallest scales at which magneto/hydrodynamic turbulence plays a role, we need to rely on approximations. Addressing this problem in the context of large-eddy models, we outline a coherent Lagrangian filtering framework that allows us to explore the many issues that arise, linking conceptual problems to practical implementations and the interpretation of the results. We develop understanding crucial for quantifying unavoidable uncertainties in current and future numerical relativity simulations and consider the implications for neutron-star parameter estimation and constraints on the equation of state of matter under extreme conditions.
description: 15 pages, as published in Phys. Rev. D
Effect of Reducing Imaging Time Points in Lutetium-177 Vipivotide Tetraxetan Dosimetry
Creators: name: Dodson, Evan
Publisher: name: Oregon Health and Science University
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography
subject: Radiopharmaceuticals
subject: Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted
subject: Radiometry
subject: SPECT
subject: Nuclear Medicine
subject: Radiometry
subject: Pluvicto

description: Lutetium-177 vipivotide tetraxetan (Lu-177 PSMA-617) therapy is an effective treatment for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, although with potential adverse effects to the kidneys, salivary glands, and bone marrow. As a preventative measure for atrisk patients, dosimetry using four SPECT/CT scans is performed with the first cycle of Lu177 therapy. In this work, seven Lu-177 PSMA-617 dosimetry cases from patients treated at Oregon Health & Science University with SPECT scans taken at 4 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours post-injection were retrospectively analyzed for how omitting each of the scans in performing dosimetry would affect reported absorbed doses to the kidneys, liver, lungs, parotid glands, and tumor.
Megachile gemula Cresson, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile gemula

description: gemula Cresson, new comb.
Megachile gemula Cresson 1878: 118. Male (not female). Type locality: Georgia [U.S.A.].
Megachile carbonaria Cresson 1879: 208. Female. Type locality: Nevada [U.S. A]. (Not M. carbonaria Smith 1853: 179 [Northern India]. Synonymy of Friese 1911: 236.
Megachile Vancouverensis Provancher 1888: 424. Male. Type locality: Vancouver [Canada]. Synonymy of Mitchell 1962: 135.
Megachile avara Cresson 1878: 123. Male. Type locality: Georgia [U.S.A.]. Synonymy of Mitchell 1935b: 181.
Megachile cressonii Dalla Torre 1896: 427. New name for Megachile carbonaria Cresson.
Megachile albula Lovell and Cockerell 1907: 18 ­19. Male. Type locality: Southern Maine [U.S.A.]. Synonymy of Mitchell 1962: 135.
Megachile gemula albula Cockerell 1913a: 531. New status.
Megachile vancouverensis Cockerell 1913a: 531. Emendation.
Megachile vandykei Cockerell 1925a: 205. Female. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2059.
Megachile (Delomegachile) gemula Mitchell 1935b: 181 ­185.
Megachile (Delomegachile) gemula var. cressonii Mitchell 1935b: 185.
Megachile gemula var. fulvogemula Mitchell 1935b: 185 ­186. Female. Type locality: Cloudcroft, New Mexico [U.S.A.]. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2060.
Megachile avaria Hurd 1979: 2060 (Misspelling).
Megachile (Delomegachile) gemula cressonii Hurd 1979: 2059.
Megachile (Delomegachile) gemula gemula Hurd 1979: 2060.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Megachile giliae Cockerell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile giliae

description: giliae Cockerell, new comb.
Megachile giliae Cockerell 1906c: 452. Male. Type locality: Florissant, Colorado [U.S.A.]. Type repository: AMNH. Examined.
Megachile (Delomegachile) giliae Mitchell 1935b: 186 ­188.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Certifiers Make Neural Networks Vulnerable to Availability Attacks
Creators: name: Lorenz, Tobias
name: Kwiatkowska, Marta
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: To achieve reliable, robust, and safe AI systems, it is vital to implement fallback strategies when AI predictions cannot be trusted. Certifiers for neural networks are a reliable way to check the robustness of these predictions. They guarantee for some predictions that a certain class of manipulations or attacks could not have changed the outcome. For the remaining predictions without guarantees, the method abstains from making a prediction, and a fallback strategy needs to be invoked, which typically incurs additional costs, can require a human operator, or even fail to provide any prediction. While this is a key concept towards safe and secure AI, we show for the first time that this approach comes with its own security risks, as such fallback strategies can be deliberately triggered by an adversary. In addition to naturally occurring abstains for some inputs and perturbations, the adversary can use training-time attacks to deliberately trigger the fallback with high probability. This transfers the main system load onto the fallback, reducing the overall system's integrity and/or availability. We design two novel availability attacks, which show the practical relevance of these threats. For example, adding 1% poisoned data during training is sufficient to trigger the fallback and hence make the model unavailable for up to 100% of all inputs by inserting the trigger. Our extensive experiments across multiple datasets, model architectures, and certifiers demonstrate the broad applicability of these attacks. An initial investigation into potential defenses shows that current approaches are insufficient to mitigate the issue, highlighting the need for new, specific solutions.
Channel Estimation for Movable-Antenna MIMO Systems Via Tensor Decomposition
Creators: name: Zhang, Ruoyu
name: Cheng, Lei
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Guan, Xinrong
name: Cai, Yueming
name: Wu, Wen
name: Zhang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this letter, we investigate the channel estimation problem for MIMO wireless communication systems with movable antennas (MAs) at both the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). To achieve high channel estimation accuracy with low pilot training overhead, we propose a tensor decomposition-based method for estimating the parameters of multi-path channel components, including their azimuth and elevation angles, as well as complex gain coefficients, thereby reconstructing the wireless channel between any pair of Tx and Rx MA positions in the Tx and Rx regions. First, we introduce a two-stage Tx-Rx successive antenna movement pattern for pilot training, such that the received pilot signals in both stages can be expressed as a third-order tensor. Then, we obtain the factor matrices of the tensor via the canonical polyadic decomposition, and thereby estimate the angle/gain parameters for enabling the channel reconstruction between arbitrary Tx/Rx MA positions. In addition, we analyze the uniqueness condition of the tensor decomposition, which ensures the complete channel reconstruction between the whole Tx and Rx regions based on the channel measurements at only a finite number of Tx/Rx MA positions. Finally, simulation results are presented to evaluate the proposed tensor decomposition-based method as compared to existing methods, in terms of channel estimation accuracy and pilot overhead.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Tissue-specific and whole-fish accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls by juvenile Baltic salmon (Salmo salar L.) after oral gavage exposure
Creators: name: Karjalainen, A.
name: Pääkkönen, J.-P. J.
name: Karjalainen, J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2006

description: The bioaccumulation and accumulation efficiencies of four different polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB-18, PCB-44, PCB-137, PCB-169) were measured in short-term (14-42-d) bioaccumulation tests performed on juvenile Baltic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The PCBs were administered to the fish through oral gavage implantation of gelatine capsules once a week. The given dosages were similar to the concentrations found in the main prey of Baltic salmon in the Gulf of Finland. The accumulation efficiencies of the four PCB congeners occurred in the order: PCB-44 > PCB-18 ~ PCB-137 > PCB-169. All the four PCB congeners accumulated to higher concentrations in lipid-rich intestines as compared with PCB bioaccumulation in liver, muscle sample and carcass remaining after those tissue removals. While the relative accumulation efficiency of the salmon intestine was 21.3% (SD = 10.1%), as much as 74.0% (SD = 12.7%) of the PCBs was assimilated in a salmon carcass. Average total accumulation efficiency of total PCB was 71%.
The Fireball of November 24, 1970, as the Most Probable Source of the Ischgl Meteorite
Creators: name: Gritsevich, Maria
name: Moilanen, Jarmo
name: Visuri, Jaakko
name: Meier, Matthias M. M.
name: Maden, Colin
name: Oberst, Jürgen
name: Heinlein, Dieter
name: Flohrer, Joachim
name: Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.
name: Delgado-García, Jorge
name: Koeberl, Christian
name: Ferrière, Ludovic
name: Brandstätter, Franz
name: Povinec, Pavel P.
name: Sýkora, Ivan
name: Schweidler, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In June 1976, a pristine meteorite stone weighing approximately 1 kg, fully covered with a fresh black fusion crust, was collected on a mountain road in the high-altitude Alpine environment. The recovery took place while clearing the remnants of a snow avalanche, 2 km northwest of Ischgl in Austria. Subsequent to its retrieval, the specimen remained in the finder's private residence without undergoing any scientific examination or identification until 2008, when it was brought to the University of Innsbruck. The sample was classified as a well-preserved LL6 chondrite, with a W0 weathering grade, implying a relatively short time between the meteorite fall and its retrieval. To investigate the potential connection between the Ischgl meteorite and a recorded fireball event, we have reviewed all documented fireballs ever photographed by German fireball camera stations. This examination led us to identify the fireball EN241170 observed in Germany by ten different European Network stations on the night of November 23/24, 1970, as the most likely candidate. We employed state-of-the-art techniques to reconstruct the fireball's trajectory, and to reproduce both its luminous and dark flight phases in detail. We find that the determined strewn field and the generated heat map closely align with the recovery location of the Ischgl meteorite. Furthermore, the measured radionuclide data reported here indicate that the pre-atmospheric size of the Ischgl meteoroid is consistent with the mass estimate inferred from our deceleration analysis along the trajectory. Our findings strongly support the conclusion that the Ischgl meteorite originated from the EN241170 fireball, effectively establishing it as a confirmed meteorite fall. This discovery enables to determine, along with the physical properties, also the heliocentric orbit and cosmic history of the Ischgl meteorite.
description: Accepted for publication in Meteoritics & Planetary Science
TESS Experiments: Linked Fate, Context Effects, and Group Comparisons
Creators: name: Gay, Claudine
name: Hochschild, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2024

description: Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS) offers researchers the opportunity to capture the internal validity of experiments. Investigators submit proposals, and TESS fields successful proposals for free on a representative sample of adults in the United States. This experiment was conducted to comparatively examine Americans’ views of linked fate simultaneously across racial/ethnic groups and across social categories. Respondents were stratified by self-reported race/ethnicity and randomly assigned to one of three conditions. Treatments 1 and 2 asked respondents to self-identify their social class and then presented the standard racial linked fate question before or after one of three non-racial linked fate items (gender, religion, or subjective social class). Treatment 3 presented racial group priming items followed by the standard racial linked fate item. A total of 2,767 respondents participated. This allowed for comparison of feelings of racial/ethnic, gendered, religious, and social class linked fate across treatments and respondent demographics.
Megachile ingenua Cresson, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile ingenua

description: ingenua Cresson, new comb.
Megachile ingenua Cresson 1878: 122 ­123. Male. Type locality: Georgia [U.S.A.].
Megachile tephrosiana Mitchell 1927c: 179 ­181. Female. Type locality: Tarboro, North Carolina [U.S.A.]. Type repository: NCSU. Synonymy of Mitchell 1962: 137­138.
Megachile (Delomegachile) ingenua Mitchell 1935b: 188 ­190.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
CarbonSink+ — Accounting for multiple climate feedbacks from forests
Creators: name: Kulmala, M.
name: Ezhova, E.
name: Kalliokoski, T.
name: Noe, S.
name: Vesala, T.
name: Lohila, A.
name: Liski, J.
name: Makkonen, R.
name: Bäck, J.
name: Petäjä, T.
name: Kerminen, V.-M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2020

description: Forests cool the climate system by acting as a sink for carbon dioxide (CO2) and by enhancing the atmospheric aerosol load, whereas the simultaneous decrease of the surface albedo tends to have a warming effect. Here, we present the concept of CarbonSink+, which considers these combined effects. Using the boreal forest environment as an illustrative example, we estimated that accounting for the CarbonSink+ enhances the forest CO2 uptake by 10–50% due to the combined effects of CO2 fertilization and aerosol-induced diffuse radiation enhancement on photosynthesis. We further estimated that with afforestation or reforestation, i.e., replacing grasslands with forests in a boreal environment, the radiative cooling due to forest aerosols cancels most of the radiative warming due to decreased surface albedos. These two forcing components have, however, relatively large uncertainty ranges, resulting in large uncertainties in the overall effect of CarbonSink+. We discuss shortly the potential future changes in the strength of CarbonSink+ in the boreal region, resulting from changes in atmospheric composition and climate.
Megachile mucida Cresson, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile mucida

description: mucida Cresson, new comb.
Megachile mucida Cresson 1878: 118. Male. Type locality: Georgia [U.S.A.]. (Not M. mucida Pérez 1895: 23 [North Africa] = M. albipila Friese 1911: 219 New name).
Megachile (Delomegachile) mucida Mitchell 1935b: 197.
Megachile mucida semimucida Cockerell 1909a: 26 ­27. Female. Type locality: Fedor, Lee County, Texas [U.S.A.]. Synonymy of Mitchell 1927c: 178.
Megachile audax Mitchell 1924: 161. Male. Synonymy of Mitchell 1926a: 118.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Zonomegachile (Zonomegachile) Mitchell
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Zonomegachile

description: Subgenus Zonomegachile Mitchell
Chrysosarus (Zonomegachile) Mitchell 1980: 72. Type species Megachile mariannae Dalla Torre 1896. Original designation and monotypy.
Megachile (Zonomegachile) Michener 2000: 568.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Female genital cutting in Asia: the case of Malaysia
Creators: name: Rashid, Abdul
name: Iguchi, Yufu
name: Afiqah, Siti Nur
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 321502
subject: Obstetrics and gynaecology
classificationCode: 500405
subject: Religion, society and culture

description: The practice of female genital cutting is commonly associated with communities living in parts of the African continent. Most research and intervention focus on these communities. However, many communities living in South East Asia also practice female genital cutting, yet there is a lack of information concerning its practice in these communities and the motivations and influences surrounding it. This chapter discusses the practice of female genital cutting in Malaysia, incorporating the authors’ experiences in their interactions with the stakeholders, and the work they have published related to this practice in Malaysia. The authors try to fill in the gaps of knowledge related to female genital cutting in Malaysia and to indicate the major differences between the practice in Malaysia and that in Africa.
Hybrid Skyrmions in Magnetic Multilayer Thin Films are Half-Integer Hopfions
Creators: name: Parker, William S.
name: Reddinger, Jacques A.
name: McMorran, Benjamin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic skyrmions are chiral spin textures which have attracted intense research for their fundamentally novel physics and potential applications as spintronic information carriers. The stability which makes them so potentially useful is a result of their underlying non-trivial topology. While skyrmions were originally predicted and observed in crystalline materials lacking inversion symmetry, some of the most promising host systems for skyrmions are multilayer thin films, where skyrmions have been stabilized at ambient conditions, which is critical for their use in real world devices. The skyrmions found in multilayer thin films have additional three-dimensional structure, with their domain wall helicities twisting through the thickness of the film to create a hybrid skyrmion composed of a Bloch-type core with Néel-type caps of opposite chiralities at the surfaces. In this work, we show that this three-dimensional variation creates additional knotted topological structure, providing an explanation for their exceptional stability in ambient conditions. We show that hybrid skyrmions can be described as half-integer Hopfions, and that their field lines have the knotted structure of the Hopf fibration. Furthermore, we show that the topological charge of partially twisted hybrid skyrmions can be related to the domain wall helicity at the surfaces, providing a straightforward way to connect experimental measurements to underlying topology.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II)
Creators: name: Hari, P.
name: Kulmala, M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2005

description: Here we present the ongoing SMEAR (Station for Measuring Forest Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations) research program and also related future views. The main idea of SMEAR-type infrastructures is continuous, comprehensive measurements of fluxes, storages and concentrations in the land ecosystem–atmosphere continuum. The major coupling mechanisms between atmosphere and land surface are the fluxes of energy, momentum, water, carbon dioxide, atmospheric trace gases and atmospheric aerosols. Understanding of couplings and feedbacks is the basis for the prediction of changes in the system formed by atmosphere, vegetation and soil. A better quantification of the agents that cause climate change, as well as the emissions and removals of species, will provide more accurate projections of future atmospheric composition and hence climate.
Megachile moderata Smith
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile moderata

description: moderata Smith, new name.
Megachile moderata Smith 1879: 74. Female. Type locality: Ega [= Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil]. Type repository: BNHM 17a2430. Examined.
Megachile mariannae Dalla Torre 1896: 438. New name proposed in error.
Chrysosarus (Zonomegachile) mariannae Mitchell 1980: 72.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Assessment of aerial photography as a method for monitoring aquatic vegetation in lakes of varying trophic status
Creators: name: Valta-Hulkkonen, K.
name: Kanninen, A.
name: Ilvonen, R.
name: Leka, J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2005

description: Implementation of the EU Framework Directive for Water Policy requires assessment of the ecological quality of surface waters using reliable, repeatable, quantitative and cost-effective monitoring methods. Digital colour infrared (CIR) aerial photographs representing 16 lakes of varying trophic status in the Vuoksi drainage basin, Finland, were used here to study the usefulness of remote sensing as a method for monitoring aquatic vegetation. The accuracy of the photo-interpretation method was assessed, and its ability to detect differences in the abundance of aquatic vegetation in lakes of varying trophic status was studied. Two measures of vegetation abundance based on the interpretation of aerial photographs, a colonization degree and a relative long-term change in the area of helophytes and nymphaeids, were used. The results indicated that CIR aerial photographs were suitable for mapping helophytic and nymphaeid vegetation and that the colonization degree of helophytes and nymphaeids was consistent with the nutrient content (total phosphorus and total nitrogen) of the lakes as well as with a measure of abundance based on field data.
(Mitte)religioossuse kvantitatiivsest uurimisest postkristlikus kultuurimiljöös
Creators: name: Remmel, Atko
Publisher: name: Usuteaduslik Ajakiri
Year: 2024

description: On the quantitative study of (non-)religion in the post-Christian cultural landscape


The article discusses Christocentrism in the quantitative sociology of religion. The attention on ideal congregation-centered Christianity falls short in describing contemporary Estonian society since the share of people whom this focus would describe is increasingly marginal, even among Christians. This argument is supported by the analysis of the most interesting part of the EUU 2020 database, the qualitative explanations of picking certain identity labels and justifying attitudes towards different religious traditions. On the basis of the findings, it can be argued that when measuring „religion”, Christians are a relatively isolated group and that much of the descriptive statistics that, on superficial examination, seem to prove the still important position ofChristianity in society, in fact, do not do so. Therefore, in the post-Christian cultural context, the focus solely on „religion” alone is not justified as the aspects of the existential sphere and interpretations of „religion” outside Christianity are increasingly important in measuring and making sense of the data. The article concludes with a discussion on the possible focus of future EUU studies.
description: Usuteaduslik Ajakiri, Vol. 86 No. 2 (2024): Eesti elanike maailmapilt uuringu „Elust, usust ja usuelust 2020“ valguses
Bunyavirus SFTSV NSs utilizes autophagy to escape the antiviral innate immune response
Creators: name: Li, Ze-Min
name: Duan, Shu-Hui
name: Yu, Tian-Mei
name: Li, Bang
name: Zhang, Wen-Kang
name: Zhou, Chuan-Min
name: Yu, Xue-Jie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) nonstructural protein (NSs) is an important viral virulence factor that sequesters multiple antiviral proteins into inclusion bodies to escape the antiviral innate immune response. However, the mechanism of the NSs restricting host innate immunity remains largely elusive. Here, we found that the NSs induced complete macroautophagy/autophagy by interacting with the CCD domain of BECN1, thereby promoting the formation of a BECN1-dependent autophagy initiation complex. Importantly, our data showed that the NSs sequestered antiviral proteins such as TBK1 into autophagic vesicles, and therefore promoted the degradation of TBK1 and other antiviral proteins. In addition, the 8A mutant of NSs reduced the induction of BECN1-dependent autophagy flux and degradation of antiviral immune proteins. In conclusion, our results indicated that SFTSV NSs sequesters antiviral proteins into autophagic vesicles for degradation and to escape antiviral immune responses.
Graded colour Lie superalgebras for solving Lévy-Leblond equations
Creators: name: Ryan, Mitchell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B75 (Primary) 17B70, 81Q05 (Secondary)

description: The Lévy-Leblond equation with free potential admits a symmetry algebra that is a $ \mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2 $-graded colour Lie superalgebra (see arXiv:1609.08224). We extend this result in two directions by considering a time-independent version of the Lévy-Leblond equation. First, we construct a $ \mathbb{Z}_2^3 $-graded colour Lie superalgebra containing operators that leave the eigenspaces invariant and demonstrate the utility of this algebra in constructing general solutions for the free equation. Second, we find that the ladder operators for the harmonic oscillator generate a $ \mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2 $-graded colour Lie superalgebra and we use the operators from this algebra to compute the spectrum. These results illustrate two points: the Lévy-Leblond equation admits colour Lie superalgebras with gradings higher than $ \mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2 $ and colour Lie superalgebras appear for potentials besides the free potential.
description: 22 pages
Eesti elanike meediatarbimine ja võimalikud seosed usuliste ning moraalsete tõekspidamistega uuringu „Elust, usust ja usuelust 2020“ põhjal
Creators: name: Kangro, Hele-Maria
name: Lilleoja, Laur
Publisher: name: Usuteaduslik Ajakiri
Year: 2024

description: Media Consumption Among Estonian Residents and Its Connection to Religious and Moral Beliefs: Insights from the 'On Life, Faith, and Religious Life 2020' Study
The focus of this article is analyzing whether there could be any associations between media consumption and personal moral and religious beliefs among Estonian residents. The analyses are based on data from survey „Elust, usust ja usuelust 2020“. Empirical part of this paper included two steps. In the first step most common media consumption patterns are identified, resulting in 5 distinct classes. Second step focuses on relationships. Reveled associations were most pronounced among consumers of Christian media, who had a distinctly more conservative stance on the moral permissibility of divorce, abortion, euthanasia, human cloning, etc. Another group which was relatively more open for religiosity, included respondents who avoided news.
description: Usuteaduslik Ajakiri, Vol. 86 No. 2 (2024): Eesti elanike maailmapilt uuringu „Elust, usust ja usuelust 2020“ valguses
Megachile nigribarbis Vachal, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile nigribarbis

description: nigribarbis Vachal, new comb.
Megachile nigribarbis Vachal 1909: 6. Male. Type locality: Matto Grosso, Brésil. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. This may prove to be the male of M. moderata Smith.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Scaling of contraction costs for entanglement renormalization algorithms including tensor Trotterization and variational Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Barthel, Thomas
name: Miao, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) is a hierarchical class of tensor network states motivated by the real-space renormalization group. It is used to simulate strongly correlated quantum many-body systems. For prominent MERA structures in one and two spatial dimensions and different optimization strategies, we determine the optimal scaling of contraction costs as well as corresponding contraction sequences and algorithmic phase diagrams. This is motivated by recent efforts to employ MERA in hybrid quantum-classical algorithms, where the MERA tensors are Trotterized, i.e., chosen as circuits of quantum gates, and observables as well as energy gradients are evaluated by sampling causal-cone states. We investigate whether tensor Trotterization and/or variational Monte Carlo (VMC) sampling can lead to quantum-inspired classical MERA algorithms that perform better than the traditional optimization of full MERA based on the exact evaluation of energy gradients. Algorithmic phase diagrams indicate the best MERA method depending on the scaling of the energy accuracy and the optimal number of Trotter steps with the bond dimension. The results suggest substantial gains due to VMC for two-dimensional systems.
description: 13 pages main text, 7 pages appendix, 9 figures, 4 tables; bigger revision: dedicated section on eigenstate measurement bases for VMC, corresponding optimal contraction sequences, some corrected contraction costs, further improvements; published version