cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Daohugoucossus Wang, Zhang & Fang, 2006, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Wang, Bo
name: Zhang, Haichun
name: Fang, Yan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Palaeontinidae
Daohugoucossus

description: Daohugoucossus gen. nov.
Type species. Daohugoucossus solutus sp. nov.; by monotypy.
Diagnosis. Hind wing elongate, and sharp apically, length/width ratio 2.0; nodal indentation about midwing; costal area long, length/width ratio about 5.6, maximal width in about basal 1/4; Sc coalesced with R just before R ramification; RA1 branching from RA at the same level of indentation, and terminating in costal margin just beyond indentation; RP fused with M1 for a considerable interval, and terminating in apex; RP, M1 and M2 straight for distal half; M3+4 long, in contact but not coalesced with CuA; CuA bifurcating at the same level of indentation; medial area very narrow; A1 terminating in anal margin.
This genus differs distinctly from all other genera with hind wings preserved within Palaeontinidae in having M3+ 4 in contact, but not coalesced, with CuA, and a very narrow medial area. Furthermore, it differs from Shurabocossus in having a long hind wing with sharp apex, stem M long, and A1 terminating in anal margin; from Plachutella in having M3+4 arising from M2+3+4 and A1 terminating in anal margin; from Fletcheriana in having RP fused with M1 and M3+4 arising from M2+3+4; and from Suljuktaja in having the hind wing comparatively long, Sc coalesced with R for a short distance and terminating in indentation, stem M long, and A1 terminating in the anal margin.
Etymology. The generic name is after the type locality, Daohugou Village.
Type locality and horizon. Middle Jurassic; Daohugou Village, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, China.
description: Published as part of Wang, Bo, Zhang, Haichun & Fang, Yan, 2006, Gansucossus, a replacement name for Yumenia Hong, 1982 (Insecta, Hemiptera, Palaeontinidae), with description of a new genus, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1268 on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173205
title: The Bank of Canada's New Quarterly Projection Model, Part 4. A Semi-Structural Method to Estimate Potential Output: Combining Economic Theory with a Time-Series Filter
Creators: name: Butler, Leo
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1996

description: The level of potential output plays a central role in the Bank of Canada's new Quarterly Projection Model (QPM). This report, the fourth in a series documenting QPM, describes a general method to measure potential output, as well as its implementation in the QPM system. The report begins with a short history of the measurement of potential output. Building on this experience, a hybrid method of measuring potential output is developed that combines economic structure with a time-series filter. The resulting filter, known as the extended multivariate (EMV) filter, exploits theoretical relationships that are embodied in QPM in an effort to identify demand-side and supply-side influences on output. These various relationships are combined in a filter that imposes a smoothness property on the dynamics of potential output. This report describes the general structure of the EMV filter, the various economic relationships that it uses, and the weights applied to these different pieces of information. The report concludes with an evaluation of the EMV filter and some suggestions for future improvements.
description: Le niveau de la production potentielle occupe une place centrale dans le nouveau Modèle trimestriel de prévision (MTP) de la Banque du Canada. La présente étude, la quatrième de la série traitant du MTP, décrit une méthode générale de mesure de la production potentielle ainsi que la manière dont elle est mise en oeuvre dans le modèle. L'auteur rappelle d'abord brièvement la genèse de la mesure de la production potentielle. Il présente ensuite une méthode hybride de mesure de la production potentielle qui est fondée sur les leçons de l'expérience et combine une structure économique et un filtre appliqué à une série chronologique. Le filtre ainsi obtenu, appelé filtre multivarié élargi, tire parti des relations théoriques que renferme le MTP pour déterminer les influences respectives de la demande et de l'offre sur la production. Ces relations sont réunies dans un filtre qui impose une contrainte de lissage à la dynamique de la production potentielle. L'auteur décrit la structure générale du filtre multivarié élargi, les diverses relations économiques que le filtre met à contribution ainsi que les pondérations appliquées à celles-ci. Il conclut en procédant à une évaluation du filtre proposé et suggère quelques pistes en vue de l'améliorer.
title: Do Mechanical Filters Provide a Good Approximation of Business Cycles?
Creators: name: Guay, Alain
name: St-Amant, Pierre
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1996

description: In this paper, the authors examine how well the Hodrick-Prescott filter (HP) and the band-pass filter recently proposed by Baxter and King (BK) extract the business-cycle component of macroeconomic time series. The authors assess these filters using two different definitions of the business-cycle component. First, they define that component to be fluctuations lasting no fewer than six and no more than thirty-two quarters; this is the definition of business-cycle frequencies used by Baxter and King. Second, they define the business-cycle component on the basis of a decomposition of the series into permanent and transitory components. In both cases the conclusions are the same. The filters perform adequately when the spectrum of the original series has a peak at business-cycle frequencies. When the spectrum is dominated by low frequencies, the filters provide a distorted business cycle. Since most macroeconomic series have the typical Granger shape, the HP and BK filters perform poorly in terms of identifying the business cycles of these series.
description: Dans la présente étude, les auteurs cherchent à évaluer l'efficacité avec laquelle le filtre de Hodrick-Prescott (HP) et le filtre passe-bande récemment proposé par Baxter et King (BK) permettent d'isoler la composante cyclique des séries macroéconomiques. Ils utilisent deux définitions du cycle économique pour comparer la performance de ces filtres. Selon la première définition (celle que retiennent Baxter et King), la composante cyclique correspond à des fluctuations d'une durée minimale de six trimestres et maximale de trente-deux trimestres. L'autre définition du cycle consiste dans la décomposition de la série en deux composantes, l'une permanente et l'autre transitoire. Les auteurs parviennent aux mêmes conclusions peu importe la définition utilisée. Les filtres donnent des résultats satisfaisants lorsque le spectre de la série initiale atteint un sommet au voisinage des fréquences comprises entre six et trente-deux trimestres. Lorsque le spectre est dominé par les basses fréquences, le cycle économique obtenu donne une image faussée de la réalité. Comme la forme spectrale de la plupart des séries macroéconomiques ressemble à celle que Granger a mise en lumière, les filtres HP et BK réussissent mal à isoler la composante cyclique de ces séries.
title: UltraSynth: Insights of a CGRA Integration into a Control Engineering Environment
Creators: name: Wolf, Dennis
name: Engel, Andreas
name: Ruschke, Tajas
name: Koch, Andreas
name: Hochberger, Christian
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2024

description: Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs) or Architectures are a concept for hardware accelerators based on the idea of distributing workload over Processing Elements. These processors exploit instruction level parallelism, while being energy efficient due to their simplistic internal structure. However, the incorporation into a complete computing system raises severe challenges at the hardware and software level. This article evaluates a CGRA integrated into a control engineering environment targeting a Xilinx Zynq System on Chip (SoC) in detail. Besides the actual application execution performance, the practicability of the configuration toolchain is validated. Challenges of the real-world integration are discussed and practical insights are highlighted.
Tokyosoma takakuwai Verhoeff 1929
Creators: name: Mikhaljova, Elena V.
name: Korsós, Zoltán
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplopoda
Chordeumatida
Diplomaragnidae
Tokyosoma
Tokyosoma takakuwai

description: Tokyosoma takakuwai Verhoeff, 1929
Tokyosoma takakuwai Verhoeff 1929: 1481; Verhoeff 1932: 515, pl. 6: figs 41–44.
Tokyosoma takakuwai— Takakuwa 1954: 129: figs 147–148; Miyosi 1958: 181; Miyosi 1959: 32, 53, 127, pl. 12: figs 175–175'; Murakami 1971: 323 –326, 325: fig. 6; Shinohara 1979: 33; Mikhaljova 2000: 178: figs 67–73. Diplopmaragna takakuwai — Shear 1990: 36; Nishikawa & Murakami 1991: 300.
Distribution. Japan (islands: Shikoku: Ehimé Prefecture; Honshu: Shimané, Yamaguchi, Hyogo, Osaka, Kyoto, Shiga, Wakayama, Nara, Mie, Fukui, Nagano, Tokyo prefectures; Kyushu: Oita Prefecture; Hokkaido: Hiyama Sub-prefecture, Shiribeshi Sub-prefecture).
Remarks. The species was originally described in Tokyosoma (Verhoeff 1929), later transferred to the genus Diplomaragna (Shear 1990), and then it was returned to Tokyosoma again (Mikhaljova 2000). Type locality of the species is in the vicinity of Imabari, Ehimé Prefecture, Japan (see Murakami 1971).
description: Published as part of Mikhaljova, Elena V. & Korsós, Zoltán, 2015, Review of the millipede family Diplomaragnidae of Japan, with description of a new species and the restoration of the combination Diplomaragna hokkaidensis (Verhoeff, 1939) (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Diplomaragnidae), pp. 569-576 in Zootaxa 3914 (5) on page 574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3914.5.5, http://zenodo.org/record/243277
title: Constraints on the Conduct of Canadian Monetary Policy in the 1990s: Dealing with Uncertainty in Financial Markets
Creators: name: Clinton, Kevin
name: Zelmer, Mark
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1997

description: Canada's economic performance in the first half of the 1990s was adversely affected by high premiums in interest rates that were brought on by political and economic uncertainties. The short-term output-inflation trade-off was worsened since these uncertainties weakened the value of the Canadian dollar at the same time as they raised domestic interest rates. In this environment, attempts by the Bank of Canada to ease monetary conditions were liable to be misinterpreted by the market as a sign of weakening commitment to inflation control. On several occasions, such fears led to sharp increases in interest rates.

The first part of this report presents a simple theoretical model that shows the qualitative impact of the increased interest rate premiums on economic performance. Some evidence is presented that suggests high Canadian interest rate premiums were an important factor explaining the general weakness of economic activity. This is followed by a discussion of the tactical conduct of monetary policy when the need to build credibility often seemed to be in conflict with the desired easing of monetary conditions. Finally, the report describes steps that the Bank has taken to reduce uncertainty about how it conducts monetary policy.
description: La tenue de l'économie canadienne au cours de la première moitié des années 90 s'est ressentie du niveau élevé des primes incorporées aux taux d'intérêt par suite de l'incertitude politique et économique. Celle-ci a entraîné un recul du dollar canadien et fait augmenter les taux d'intérêt, d'où une détérioration de la relation d'arbitrage à court terme entre la production et l'inflation. Dans ce contexte, toute tentative par la Banque du Canada d'assouplir les conditions monétaires risquait d'être interprétée par le marché, à tort, comme l'indice d'un relâchement de l'engagement des autorités envers la maîtrise de l'inflation. À plusieurs reprises, des craintes de cette nature ont donné lieu à de fortes hausses des taux d'intérêt.

Dans un premier temps, les auteurs de l'étude présentent un modèle théorique simple qui illustre l'incidence qu'a, sur le plan qualitatif, la hausse des primes incorporées aux taux d'intérêt sur la tenue de l'éco-nomie. Selon les résultats obtenus, le niveau élevé des primes incorporées aux taux d'intérêt canadiens aurait été un facteur déterminant de la fai-blesse générale de l'activité économique. Les auteurs analysent ensuite les considérations d'ordre tactique qui ont guidé la conduite de la politique monétaire depuis le début des années 90, durant lesquelles le besoin d'établir la crédibilité de cette politique a souvent semblé inconciliable avec l'assouplissement souhaité des conditions monétaires. Ils décrivent enfin les mesures que la Banque a prises afin de réduire l'incertitude entourant la conduite de la politique monétaire.
Amalda hayashii Ninomiya 1988
Creators: name: Kantor, Yuri I.
name: Castelin, Magalie
name: Fedosov, Alexander
name: Bouchet, Philippe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Olividae
Amalda
Amalda hayashii

description: Amalda hayashii Ninomiya, 1988
Figs 19 J–K, 20F–I
Amalda (Alcospira) hayashii Ninomiya, 1988: 145, pl. l figs 7–8.
Amalda hayashii – Okutani 2000: 523, pl. 260, fig. 3 (erroneously labelled as A. hilgendorfi). — Tsuchida 2017: atlas: 332, pl. 288 fig. 2, text: 995.
Type material
Holotype
SOUTHERN JAPAN • Amami-Oshima Island; Ninomiya collection [not seen].
Material examined
9 sequenced specimens (Table 1).
Description
MEASUREMENTS. Shell medium in size (SL up to 50 mm).
SHELL. Ovate-fusiform, with medium high, weakly cyrtoconoid spire. Primary spire callus thick, strongly pustulose except smooth last whorl, covering all whorls, except tip of protoconch, rendering measurements impossible. Secondary callus rather thin, with indistinct borders, microshagreened, weakly glossy, fusing with parietal callus without visible border, and reaching antepenultimate whorl and merging into primary callus. Plication plate from nearly smooth to bearing up to 5 ridges, columella smooth or with traces of plicae. Olivoid groove shallow to very shallow, labral denticle short, obtuse, rounded. Anterior band microshagreened, upper anterior band weakly convex with median or shifted more abapically, obtuse ridge, lower anterior band flat. Primary callus yellow-brownish on spire and slightly darker abapically, also bordered by almost white, medium broad, band. Secondary callus whitish, translucent. Body whorl cloak light chestnut with slight purple tint, olivoid band whitish, anterior brown, lower anterior band lighter, plication plate creamy.
RADULA (n=3, sequenced, Fig. 20 F–I). With simple, hook-shaped lateral teeth. Central teeth quite variable, from tridentate with large, smooth cusps, central smallest (Fig. 20I), with serrated cusps and lateral flaps (Fig. 20G), to multicuspid central with five smooth cusps, central three much smaller than lateral ones.
Distribution
From southern Japan to the South China Sea, in 250– 310 m.
description: Published as part of Kantor, Yuri I., Castelin, Magalie, Fedosov, Alexander & Bouchet, Philippe, 2020, The Indo-Pacific Amalda (Neogastropoda, Olivoidea, Ancillariidae) revisited with molecular data, with special emphasis on New Caledonia, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 706 on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.706, http://zenodo.org/record/4010954
Onukigallia onukii Matsumura
Creators: name: Zhang, Bin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Onukigallia
Onukigallia onukii

description: Onukigallia onukii (Matsumura)
(Figs 4–5, 9–10, 13–14, 33–40, 43–44)
Agallia onukii Matsumura, 1912; Cai & Shen, 1998: 245.
Onukigallia onukii (Matsumura): Ishihara 1955: 10, Figs 2, 3, 7–10; Anufriev & Emeljanov, 1988: 71, Figs 5–9; Viraktamath 2011: 101, Figs 496–503.
Diagnosis. Sexually dimorphic in coloration. Ground color yellowish brown with dark markings. Pronotum (Figs 4, 5) with pair of dark maculae. Large dark area on frontoclypeus and anteclypeus in most specimens, but in a few specimens on much smaller area. Forewings (Figs 4–5, 9–10) with inner anteapical cell closed behind in majority of specimens (i.e. m-cu2 vein present), but open behind in a few (i.e. m-cu2 vein absent).
Male pygofer (Fig. 33) with more or less triangular caudal lobe covered with slender setae along caudoventral margin. Dorsal margin of aedeagal shaft with tooth-like projections. Posterior margin of seventh sternite slightly convex medially.
Measurements. Male 4.3–4.5 mm long, head 1.2–1.3 mm wide across eyes, pronotum 1.1–1.2 mm wide. Female 4.8–5.2 mm long, head 1.3–1.7 mm wide across eyes, pronotum 1.2–1.3 mm wide.
Material examined. CHINA: 9 male, 6 female, Henan Prov., Mt. Baiyunshan, 1600 m, 15–18 August 2008, Zhang Bin; 1 male, 1 female, Zhejiang Prov., Mt. Wugongshan, 16 July 2008, Meng Zehong.
Host plant. Unidentified ferns.
Distribution. China (Guizhou, Henan, Zhejiang), Japan, Korea, Russia.
Remarks. Onukigallia onukii differs from the other species of Onukigallia in having a tooth-like projection on the dorsal margin of aedeagal shaft. This is the most common species of Onukigallia from the Palearctic and Oriental Regions.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Bin, 2011, Revision of the leafhopper genus Onukigallia Ishihara, 1955 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae), pp. 52-60 in Zootaxa 2915 on pages 58-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277865
Melinna Malmgren 1865
Creators: name: Gunton, Laetitia M.
name: Zhang, William
name: Kupriyanova, Elena K.
name: Hutchings, Pat A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Melinnidae
Melinna

description: Melinna Malmgren, 1865
Diagnosis (after Mackie & Pleijel, 1995). Melinnidae with 4 pairs of apinnate branchiae on segments 2–5. Single pair of postbranchial dorsal hooks on segment 3. Segments 4 to 7 forming dorsal depression, posteriorly delimited by transverse membranous fold. Eighteen pairs of thoracic chaetigers, segments 2–5 with neuropodia with slender acicular chaetae, subsequent neuropodia with uncini. Notopodia from segment 4 or 5, with capillary notochaetae. Four pairs of nephridia on segments 4–7. Abdomen with variable number of neuropodia with uncini. Pygidium lobulate, anal cirri absent.
Type species Sabellides cristata Sars, 1851 by monotypy.
Remarks. The above diagnosis is based on Mackie & Pleijel (1995), but is modified with regards to segment number, as Rouse et al. (2022) state that there is an achaetous segment (segment 1) before the first chaetiger (segment 2). While the branchiae arise from segments 2–4, they appear to arise from a dorsal ridge at the level of segments 2–3, and they exhibit varying levels of basal fusion. Nephridia are on segments 4–7. With regard to the segment on which the dorsal hooks appear we do not follow Holthe (1986), instead we follow Stiller et al. (2020) and Rouse et al. (2022) to indicate that they begin on segment 3.
Earlier descriptions of Melinna species can be quite confusing regarding the numbering of segments and chaetigers. Most authors of previous descriptions have failed to recognize or neglected the anterior achaetous segment behind the peristomium, while the anterior notopodia are small and ventrally displaced so may have been missed. While the definition of Mackie & Pleijel (1995) indicates that notopodia begin from segment 4 or 5, we cannot find any records of species with notopodia from segment 5, and the confusion in the literature about anterior segment numbering does not help. Table 3 lists the numbering of anterior segments which will facilitate the interpretation of earlier descriptions of species of Melinna as many lack the presence of an anterior achaetous segment.
We have also followed more recent papers in referring to segments by numbers and not by Roman numerals. Given the confusion of some species from northern Europe, including the type species of the genus Melinna, M. cristata, we have provided expanded descriptions and figures to supplement those provided by Mackie & Pleijel (1995).
description: Published as part of Gunton, Laetitia M., Zhang, William, Kupriyanova, Elena K. & Hutchings, Pat A., 2023, New Species of Melinna (Melinnidae, Annelida) from the Australian Abyss with Comments on M. albicincta, M. cristata and M. elisabethae, pp. 125-154 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 75 (3) on page 130, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1803, http://zenodo.org/record/10414060
Psecadioides Butler 1881
Creators: name: Huang, Guo-Hua
name: Hirowatari, Toshiya
name: Wang, Min
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tineidae
Psecadioides

description: Psecadioides Butler, 1881
Psecadioides Butler, 1881, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond., 1881: 593. Type species: Psecadioides aspersus Bulter, 1881 by original designation.
Luffiodes Matsumura, 1931, 6000 Illust. Insects Japan-Empire: 1107. Type species: Luffiodes apicaris Matsumura, 1931. (Synonymized by Moriuti, 1982: 166)
Description. Head: Vertex and frons covered roughly with dense, erect scales. Antenna about 0.5 × length of forewing; scape without pectin. Maxillary palpus short. Labial palpus with 0–2 strong lateral bristles on the second segment. Thorax: Dorsum and tegula covered with blackish or white scales. Forewing length 5.0–11.0 mm; wings with similar pattern, moderately elongate, rounded apically. Forewing with all veins present; R4 and R5 long stalked, R5 ending at the apex; chorda present; hindwing relatively elongate, rounded apically, all veins present and separate basally, crossvein M-CuA present or absent, M branched in discal cell. Abdomen: Male genitalia complex, uncus consisting of 2–4 distinct, strongly sclerotized lobes, separated from tegumen; vinculum broad; subscaphium membranous; gnathos absent; juxta indistinct; valva tapered basally, rounded apically, with raised spinules dorsally, covered with dense, long, thick bristles on inner surface, or valva strongly elongate, ventrally with a distinct projection at middle; inner side with dense, long, thick bristles on posterior half; aedeagus straight to slightly curved, inflated basally, cornuti absent. Female genitalia simple, seventh segment with hairs covering genitalia, eighth tergum with setulae, anterior margin laterally covered with long bristles; posterior margin with dense setulae; ovipositor long; corpus bursae ellipsoidal, without signum.
Host. Unknown.
Distribution. China-Himalaya Region.
Remarks. All species of Psecadioides have a similar wing pattern and a complex uncus in the male genitalia. The genus was established by Butler (1881) with Psecadioides aspersus as the type species. Previously, the genus included a single species (Robinson & Tuck, 1996; Robinson, 2008) found only in Japan (Butler 1881, Matsumura 1931, Issiki 1957, Moriuti 1982). The genus Psecadioides was once considered a synonym of Myrmecozela Zeller, 1852, but Moriuti (1982) removed it from synonymy. No Psecadioides species previously have been reported outside of Japan. We treat five species in the genus, three of which we describe as new (P. c u n e u s sp. nov., P. owadai sp. nov., and P. prominens sp. nov.) and one of which we transfer from Euplocamus (P. tanylopha (Meyrick), comb. nov.).
description: Published as part of Huang, Guo-Hua, Hirowatari, Toshiya & Wang, Min, 2010, A review of the China-Himalayan members of the subfamily Euplocaminae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Tineidae), pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 2511 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.196055
title: The Canadian Banking System
Creators: name: Freedman, Charles
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1998

description: This paper examines the major changes in the Canadian banking system since the Second World War, with special attention paid to the differences between Canadian and U.S. developments over this period. An important difference between the countries is the nationwide branch banking arrangements in Canada. Two other differences are a result of regulatory dimensions of the Canadian scene: periodic reassessment and updating of banking legislation as a legislative requirement; and the absence of any ceilings on interest rates on deposits or, since 1967, on loans. The amendments to the Bank Act from 1954 to 1997 are examined, and significant developments in the Canadian financial system, typically associated with changes to legislation governing banks and other financial institutions, are discussed. The effects of these changes are then looked at, including the market share of banks in various markets, and the developments in money market mutual funds and mortgage securitization in Canada and the United States.
description: L'auteur examine les changements majeurs subis par le système bancaire canadien depuis la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, tout en accordant une attention particulière aux différences ayant caractérisé l'évolution des secteurs bancaires au Canada et aux États-Unis durant cette période. Une différence de taille tient à l'exploitation par les banques canadiennes de réseaux de succursales couvrant tout le pays. Deux autres différences encore découlent du cadre réglementaire canadien : 1) la loi prescrit une réévaluation et mise à jour périodiques de la législation bancaire; 2) les taux d'intérêt applicables aux dépôts et, depuis 1967, aux prêts ne sont soumis à aucun plafond. L'auteur passe en revue les révisions apportées à la Loi sur les banques de 1954 à 1997 et analyse les faits marquants de l'évolution du système financier canadien, qui ont généralement été associés aux modifications apportées aux lois régissant les banques et les autres institutions financières. Il étudie l'incidence de ces modifications, notamment en ce qui concerne les parts détenues par les banques sur les divers marchés et l'évolution des fonds mutuels du marché monétaire et de la titrisation hypothécaire au Canada et aux États-Unis.
Daohugoucossus solutus Wang, Zhang & Fang, 2006, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Wang, Bo
name: Zhang, Haichun
name: Fang, Yan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Palaeontinidae
Daohugoucossus
Daohugoucossus solutus

description: Daohugoucossus solutus sp. nov.
Figs 1 c, d, 3
Diagnosis. As for genus.
Description. Hind wing, part and counterpart, almost complete with anal area folded along PCu. The wing part posterior of PCu is tucked under so that the base of A1 crosses that of PCu. Length 30 mm, width 15 mm (length/width ratio 2.0).
Hind wing elongate, sharp apically, with dots in the veins. Nodal indentation about midwing. Costal area long, length/width ratio 5.6, maximal width in about basal 1/4. Sc arising basally, running close to R and coalesced with R at basal 0.25 wing length, and then branching from stem Sc+RA, obscure and terminating in costal margin just basal of indentation. R+M forking into R and M at wing base. R a little convex, lying alongside Sc until their fusion, and then branching into Sc+RA and RP. RA1 dividing from RA at the same level of indentation, ending in costal margin just distal of indentation. RA2 slightly convex, ending in costal margin. RP coalesced with M1 at basal 0.35 wing length, and terminating in apex of wing; RP +M1 length 5 mm. M1 departing from M at wing base, curved anteriorly, and straight for distal half. M2 straight, branching from M2+3+4; stem M as long as stem M2+3+4. Stem M3+ 4 in contact but not coalesced with CuA about basal 0.20 wing length, branching into M3 and M4 at the same level of indentation; stem M3+4 about as long as its branches; M3 and M4 straight. Arculus (basal m­cua crossvein) convex, strong and longitudinal. CuA arising basally from curved stem Cu (the CuA base is a weak concave oblique brace), curved anteriorly at junction with M3+4, and then forking into CuA1 and CuA2 at about basal 0.35 wing length; CuA1 and CuA2 nearly straight. Medial area very narrow. CuP slightly convex. PCu thin, straight. A1 thick and straight, terminating in anal margin. Marginal membrane clear and wider than vein width.
Etymology. Specific epithet is from the Latin solutus, separate, in reference to the division between M3+4 and CuA.
Holotype. NIGP 141370 and NIGP 141370a, part and counterpart. Deposited in the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (NIGP), Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Age and occurrence. Middle Jurassic; Daohugou Village, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, China.
Remarks. The anal area is folded along PCu in the same way as in specimens of Gansucossus typicus, G. luanpingensis, and D. solutus, suggesting its feebleness, which probably resulted in the deformation or damage of this area in the taphonomic process.
description: Published as part of Wang, Bo, Zhang, Haichun & Fang, Yan, 2006, Gansucossus, a replacement name for Yumenia Hong, 1982 (Insecta, Hemiptera, Palaeontinidae), with description of a new genus, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1268 on pages 64-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173205
title: The Financial Services Sector: Past Changes and Future Prospects
Creators: name: Freedman, Charles
name: Goodlet, Clyde
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1998

description: The financial services industry has been undergoing significant change in recent years. This paper analyzes some key developments affecting the industry and examines some important issues facing the industry and its regulators. Changes discussed include the way services are provided, the instruments used to provide services, and the nature of the financial service providers. Factors driving these changes include technological developments, the changing role of competition, and demographically led changes in household portfolios. These changes raise challenges for the financial services industry. Among the most important are determining what services and products to offer as well as the best size for providers. With the evolution in the financial services industry, policymakers and regulators also face challenges: the relative use of disclosure and market discipline versus direct supervision; the potential role of functional regulation; the role of non-regulated financial service providers; changes in the current supervisory process; cross-border transactions; and the impact of new developments on the legislative framework governing financial service providers.
description: Le secteur des services financiers traverse depuis quelques années une période de mutation profonde. Les auteurs de l'étude analysent certains des changements clés survenus dans ce secteur ainsi que les défis qu'ont à relever les fournisseurs de services financiers et les organes de réglementation. Le mode de prestation des services financiers, la nature des fournisseurs et les instruments qu'utilisent ces derniers se sont modifiés, par suite notamment des progrès de la technologie, du rôle changeant de la concurrence et des modifications que l'évolution démographique a provoquées dans les portefeuilles des ménages. Tous ces changements posent des défis aux fournisseurs de services financiers, qui doivent en effet établir quelle gamme de services et produits offrir à la clientèle et quelle est la taille idéale pour réussir. L'évolution du secteur des services financiers recèle aussi de nouveaux défis pour les décideurs publics et les organes de réglementation. Ceux-ci doivent ainsi décider dans quelle mesure recourir à l'obligation d'information et à la discipline de marché ou à la surveillance directe des activités; ils doivent également se pencher sur la réglementation par fonction, le rôle des fournisseurs de services financiers non assujettis à la réglementation, les conséquences des mutations du secteur sur le plan de la surveillance, la question des transactions transfrontières et l'incidence des innovations sur le cadre législatif régissant les fournisseurs de services financiers.
Amalda contusa
Creators: name: Kantor, Yuri I.
name: Castelin, Magalie
name: Fedosov, Alexander
name: Bouchet, Philippe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Olividae
Amalda
Amalda contusa

description: Amalda contusa (Reeve, 1864)
Figs 19 C–D, 20C–D
Ancillaria contusa Reeve, 1864: pl. 9, species no. 31.
Amalda contusa – Gratecap 2012: 19, 27, figs 1–2 (holotype illustrated), 3–5.
Amalda cf. contusa – Gratecap 2012: figs 9–10.
Type Material
Holotype
Holotype by monotypy; locality unknown; NHMUK 197836.
Material examined
Three sequenced specimens (Table 1).
Description
MEASUREMENTS. Shell small (SL up to 25 mm).
SHELL. Broadly ovate, with narrow base and low conical spire. Primary spire callus very thick, smooth and glossy, covering all whorls, except tip of protoconch, rendering measurements impossible. Secondary callus rather thick, with distinct anterior border, smooth and glossy, fusing without visible border with parietal callus, and reaching shell apex. Plication plate smooth, separated from anterior band by broad and deep groove, columella smooth. Olivoid groove shallow but distinct, labral denticle short, obtuse. Anterior band smooth, upper and lower anterior bands weakly convex. Primary callus milky-caramel with irregularly positioned sinuous, brownish axial lines, abapically bordered by interrupted narrow spiral, brown and lighter narrow lines. Secondary callus dark brown, turning very light above aperture. Body whorl cloak background caramel with irregularly spaced, orthocline, brown axial bands of uneven width and lighter spiral colour lines, olivoid band much lighter than cloak, of same tint, anterior band very dark brown, light brown near columella, very light brownish abapically.
RADULA (n =1, sequenced, Fig. 20 C–D). With rather short, hook-shaped lateral teeth. Central tooth broad, with broad lateral flaps, and three major cusps, median more than twice shorter and narrower than lateral ones. Lateral cusps serrated at their base as well as lateral flaps. 1–4 additional, smaller, irregularly shaped cusps between median and lateral major cusps.
Remarks
Our sequenced specimens correspond to what was treated and illustrated by Gratecap (2012: figs 9–10) as A. cf. contusa. This author also provided a lengthy discussion of the complex taxonomic history of A. contusa and concluded that there may be two similar but separate species, one in Natal, and the other in Mozambique and Natal. At present, the lack of comparative material does not allow us to clarify the situation and we provisionally consider our specimens to be the true A. contusa.
Distribution
KwaZulu Natal and Mozambique, in 15– 20 m.
description: Published as part of Kantor, Yuri I., Castelin, Magalie, Fedosov, Alexander & Bouchet, Philippe, 2020, The Indo-Pacific Amalda (Neogastropoda, Olivoidea, Ancillariidae) revisited with molecular data, with special emphasis on New Caledonia, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 706 on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.706, http://zenodo.org/record/4010954
Onukigallia tenuis Matsumura
Creators: name: Zhang, Bin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Onukigallia
Onukigallia tenuis

description: Onukigallia tenuis (Matsumura)
Agallia tenuis Matsumura 1912: 315.
Onukigallia tenuis (Matsumura): Viraktamath 1973: 311; Viraktamath 2011: 101.
Measurements. Female 4.5 mm long.
Distribution. China (Taiwan).
Remarks. This species was described by Matsumura (1912) based only on the female holotype from Arisan, Taiwan. It is somewhat similar to O. arisana (Matsumura), but is readily distinguished in having the posterior margin of seventh sternite of the female slightly concave medially.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Bin, 2011, Revision of the leafhopper genus Onukigallia Ishihara, 1955 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae), pp. 52-60 in Zootaxa 2915 on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277865
title: Inflation Targeting under Uncertainty
Creators: name: Srour, Gabriel
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1999

description: This paper studies the implications of certain kinds of uncertainty for monetary policy. It first describes the optimum policy rule in a simple model of the transmission mechanism as in Ball and Svensson. It then examines how this rule ought to be modified when there is uncertainty about the parameters, about the time lags, or about the nature of shocks. The paper also discusses the case of a small open economy such as Canada's, with particular attention being given to uncertainty about the weights in a monetary conditions index.
description: L'étude examine les implications de certains types d'incertitude pour la conduite de la politique monétaire. Dans un premier temps, l'auteur décrit la règle optimale de politique dans le cadre d'un modèle simple du mécanisme de transmission analogue au modèle élaboré par Ball et Svensson. Puis il étudie de quelles façons il faut modifier cette règle lorsqu'on est incertain des paramètres, de la longueur des décalages ou de la nature des chocs. L'étude traite également du cas des petites économies ouvertes comme celle du Canada et s'attarde tout particulièrement à l'incertitude entourant le poids relatif des composantes d'un indice des conditions monétaires.
Adelius aridus
Creators: name: Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M.
name: Edmardash, Yusuf A.
name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Adelius
Adelius aridus

description: Adelius aridus (Tobias, 1967)
Figs 3A–D
Myriola arida Tobias, 1967: 392.
Acaelius arida Shenefelt, 1973: 670.
Adelius arida Tobias, 1986: 591.
Diagnosis. Body with head and thorax yellowish brown, metasoma waxy white, with the last three to four tergites dark brown (Figs 3A, B, D); legs yellowish; antenna yellowish basally, dark brown at apical half (Fig. 3A); fore wing hyaline, with slight infuscation behind pterostigma, pterostigma dark brown, colourless or very pale at extreme base and apex (Fig. 3C). Head transverse, 1.9× as wide as its length, slightly wider than mesosoma (Fig. 3B); temple rounded, 0.6× as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 3B); antenna filiform, somewhat longer than body (Fig. 3A). Mesoscutum densely finely punctate, uniformly setose throughout (Fig. 3B); scutellar sulcus crenulate (Fig. 3B); scutellum with sparse setae; propodeum areolate. With three rectangular areolae at base, and a narrow one apically; mesopleuron finely coriaceous, separated from metapleuron with a crenulate sulcus; metapleuron strigate (Fig. 3D). Wings slightly shorter than body (Fig. 3A); pterostigma enlarged, 2.4× as long as its maximum width, with vein 1–R1 reduced; veins 2–SR and 3–SR+SR1 issued from the same point; vein 3–SR+ SR1 only sclerotized at base, vein 1–SR+M nearly straight, vein 1–M slightly curved, to nearly straight (Fig. 3C). Ovipositor sheath short, rounded apically, with few long fine setae (Fig. 3A).
Material examined. 1♀, KSA: Jazan (Farasan Islands, Al-Sajid), 16. 860626N 41.932564E, 25.i. 2017, light trap, leg. Usama M. Abu El-Ghiet & Tarek M. El-Sheikh.
General distribution. Iran, Turkmenistan (Derafshan et al. 2019), Saudi Arabia (Farasan Islands, Jazan) (new record).
Remarks. This is the first record of the genus Adelius for the Arabian Peninsula. The Saudi Arabian specimen agrees with the Iranian specimens of A. aridus (see Derafshan et al. 2019). It only differs from the Iranian specimen in having the antennae slightly longer than the body (slightly shorter in the Iranian specimens. 0.9× measured from Fig. 5B of Derafshan et al. (2019)).
description: Published as part of Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M., Edmardash, Yusuf A. & Gadallah, Neveen S., 2022, New species and records of braconid wasps from Farasan Archipelago (Jazan) Saudi Arabia, with notes on Diolcogaster mayae Shestakov, pp. 49-79 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6257841
title: The Regulation of Central Securities Depositories and the Linkages between CSDs and Large-Value Payment Systems
Creators: name: Freedman, Charles
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1999

description: This paper first describes the Bank of Canada's approach to the design of large-value clearing and settlement systems. It then examines the way the Bank has operated under the Payment Clearing and Settlement Act, passed by Parliament in July 1996. Through this act, the Bank was assigned responsibility for the regulatory oversight of clearing and settlement systems that have the potential to cause systemic risk. The main section of the paper looks at how considerations of safety and costs have been balanced in the development of the Debt Clearing Services (DCS) of the Canadian Depository for Securities (CDS). The final section explores the various linkages between the DCS and the Large Value Transfer System (LVTS).
description: L'étude décrit l'approche suivie par la Banque du Canada en matière de conception des systèmes de compensation et de règlement des gros paiements. Elle examine aussi le rôle de la Banque depuis l'adoption de la Loi sur la compensation et le règlement des paiements en juillet 1996. En vertu de cette loi, la Banque est chargée de surveiller les systèmes de compensation et de règlement susceptibles de poser un risque systémique. Dans le chapitre le plus substantiel de l'étude, l'auteur analyse la manière dont les facteurs de sécurité et de coût ont été mis en balance dans la mise sur pied du Service de compensation des titres d'emprunt (SECTEM) de La Caisse canadienne de dépôt de valeurs (CDS). L'étude se termine par un examen des divers liens qui existent entre le SECTEM et le système de transfert des paiements de grande valeur (STPGV).
Amalda optima
Creators: name: Kantor, Yuri I.
name: Castelin, Magalie
name: Fedosov, Alexander
name: Bouchet, Philippe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Olividae
Amalda
Amalda optima

description: Amalda optima (G.B. Sowerby III, 1897)
Fig. 19E
Ancilla optima Sowerby III, 1897: 7, pl. 6 fig. 31.
Amalda optima – Gratecap 2012: 23, 29, fig. 23.
Type material
Possible syntype
SOUTH AFRICA • Durban; NHMUK 1899.4.14.648.
Material examined
One sequenced specimen (Table 1).
Description
MEASUREMENTS. Shell large (SL up to 55 mm).
SHELL. Broadly ovate, with narrow base and low conical spire. Primary spire callus very thick, smooth and glossy, covering all whorls, except tip of protoconch, rendering measurements impossible. Secondary callus rather thick, with distinct anterior border, smooth and glossy, fusing without visible border with parietal callus, and reaching the shell apex. Plication plate smooth, poorly separated from anterior band, columella smooth. Olivoid groove distinct, labral denticle very short, obtuse. Anterior band smooth, upper anterior band nearly flat, lower anterior band weakly convex. Primary callus milky-caramel with distinct sinuous, narrow brown axial lines, particularly pronounced on last whorl, its narrow spiral brown line bordered abapically by lighter, narrow line. Secondary callus caramel to dark brown, turning very light, nearly white, above aperture. Body whorl cloak background light caramel with irregularly spaced, orthocline, brown axial bands of uneven width, olivoid band much lighter than cloak, creamy-coloured, anterior band very dark brown.
RADULA. Not studied.
Distribution
Natal to Mozambique.
description: Published as part of Kantor, Yuri I., Castelin, Magalie, Fedosov, Alexander & Bouchet, Philippe, 2020, The Indo-Pacific Amalda (Neogastropoda, Olivoidea, Ancillariidae) revisited with molecular data, with special emphasis on New Caledonia, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 706 on pages 52-53, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.706, http://zenodo.org/record/4010954
Gnamptodon undetermined
Creators: name: Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M.
name: Edmardash, Yusuf A.
name: Gadallah, Neveen S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Gnamptodon
Gnamptodon undetermined

description: Gnamptodon sp.
Figs 4 A–D
Colour (Figs 4A–C, E): Head, mandible (except tip black), scape of antenna, two basal metasomal segments, legs, tegula clear yellowish, mesosoma and rest of metasomal tergites shiny black; antennal pedicel and basal two flagellomeres reddish brown, rest of flagellomeres black (broken); palpi whitish. Wings hyaline, pterostigma brown, veins partly pale brown (Fig. 4D).
Head (Figs 4B, C). With scattered fine, whitish, appressed setae; antenna filiform, F1 about 1.29× F2; F1 and F2 about 4.0× and 3.0× as long as wide, respectively; face convex when seen in lateral view; vertex coriaceous, rest of head smooth; malar space 1.3× as long as basal width of mandible.
Mesosoma (Fig. 4A). Length of mesosoma 1.5× as long as its maximum width; all smooth and shiny, with few scattered whitish setae; mesoscutum without median sulcus, notauli short, not reaching middle of mesoscutum; scutellar suture narrow, linear; propodeum smooth, without median longitudinal carina, with slightly roundly protruding postero-lateral corners. Fore wing (Fig. 4D) hyaline, with brownish pterostigma and pale brown veins, radial cell short, distance between fore wing apex and apex of marginal cell 2.2× length of 1R1; vein r very short, slightly shorter than vein 3–SR; vein SR1 7.0× as long as vein 3–SR; pterostigma 1.7× as long as 1R1; 1CU1:2CU1= 8: 62; vein SR1 slightly curved.
Metasoma (Figs 4A, E). Smooth and shiny, with few scattered setae; T1 smooth, widened posteriorly, apical width 2.0× basal width, 0.6× as long as its apical width; T2 with a deep, linear transverse sulcus, with a transverse elevation close to basal margin, median length of basal elevation 0.4× median length of the rest of tergite; T3 shorter than T2 (0.8×).
Material examined. 1♂, KSA: Jazan (Farasan Islands, Park 2), 16.715789N 42.080407E, 5. iii. 2017, sweep net, leg. Usama M. Abul El-Ghiet & Tarek M. El-Sheikh.
Remarks. In the present study, the subfamily Gnamptodontinae is recorded for the first time for the Arabian Peninsula from Farasan Islands (Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). The specimen does not agree with any of the Afrotropical species included in van Achterberg’s key (1983), or those of Fischer’s (1987). However, because of the bad condition of the specimen, we have refrained from allocating a species name until more specimens are collected.
description: Published as part of Abu El-Ghiet, Usama M., Edmardash, Yusuf A. & Gadallah, Neveen S., 2022, New species and records of braconid wasps from Farasan Archipelago (Jazan) Saudi Arabia, with notes on Diolcogaster mayae Shestakov, pp. 49-79 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6257841