cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Leptostylum itaquaquecetubae
Creators: name: Gudin, Filipe Macedo
name: Messas, Yuri Fanchini
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tachinidae
Leptostylum
Leptostylum itaquaquecetubae

description: Leptostylum itaquaquecetubae (Townsend, 1929)
(Figures 2, 3)
 Leptostylum itaquaquecetubae (Townsend), 1929: 375 (Argyreomyia). Syntypes, nine males (USNM) and two females (USNM and MZSP). Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Itaquaquecetuba.
 Argyreomyia itaquaquecetubae; Townsend 1941: 278 (new combination to Leptostylum); Toma and Nihei 2006: 245 (comments on type material deposited at MZSP).
 Leptostylum itaquaquecetubae, Guimarães 1971: 137 (catalogue); Wood 1985: 49 (comparison to L. leuconotum and L. pulchellum).
 Remarks
 The type material of L. itaquaquecetubae is a series of 11 syntypes. Two specimens determined to be L. itaquaquecetubae are labeled as types in the MZSP collection (Figures 2, 3). One syntype is very damaged (Figure 2), lacking many important structures, as already pointed out by Toma and Nihei (2006). According to label data, this specimen corresponds to a female (Figure 2d). The second female specimen labeled as type (Figure 3), though, is not from the original series used in the description of Argyreomyia itaquaquecetubae (Townsend 1916a). This claim is also based on label data, whose date of collection (Figure 3c) does not match those from the original description. Additionally, although it clearly belongs to Leptostylum, the specimen is determined to be Muscinothelaira lutzi Townsend, whose holotype is deposited at USNM collection (Townsend 1916b). Therefore, only one syntype of L. itaquaquecetubae is deposited at the MZSP collection.
description: Published as part of Gudin, Filipe Macedo & Messas, Yuri Fanchini, 2018, On taxonomy and hosts of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Blondeliini), with description of a new species and a new host record, pp. 1395-1415 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (21 - 22) on pages 1400-1401, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405, http://zenodo.org/record/4747119
The emergent properties of a dolphin social network
Creators: name: Lusseau, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Many complex networks, including human societies, the Internet, the World Wide Web and power grids, have surprising properties that allow vertices (individuals, nodes, Web pages, etc.) to be in close contact and information to be transferred quickly between them. Nothing is known of the emerging properties of animal societies, but it would be expected that similar trends would emerge from the topology of animal social networks. Despite its small size (64 individuals), the Doubtful Sound community of bottlenose dolphins has the same characteristics. The connectivity of individuals follows a complex distribution that has a scale-free power-law distribution for large k. In addition, the ability for two individuals to be in contact is unaffected by the random removal of individuals. The removal of individuals with many links to others does affect the length of the information path between two individuals, but, unlike other scale-free networks, it does not fragment the cohesion of the social network. These self-organizing phenomena allow the network to remain united, even in the case of catastrophic death events.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Available online from the journal's web-site (See http://www.pubs.royalsoc.ac.uk/biol_lett/biol_lett.html) as well. To be printed this year
Lattice QCD and baryon-baryon interactions: HAL QCD method
Creators: name: Aoki, Sinya
name: Doi, Takumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we review the HAL QCD method to investigate baryon-baryon interactions such as nuclear forces in lattice QCD. We first explain our strategy in detail to investigate baryon-baryon interactions by defining potentials in field theories such as QCD. We introduce the Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter (NBS) wave functions in QCD for two baryons below the inelastic threshold. We then define the potential from NBS wave functions in terms of the derivative expansion, which is shown to reproduce the scattering phase shifts correctly below the inelastic threshold. Using this definition, we formulate a method to extract the potential in lattice QCD. Secondly, we discuss pros and cons of the HAL QCD method, by comparing it with the conventional method, where one directly extracts the scattering phase shifts from the finite volume energies through the Lüscher's formula. We give several theoretical and numerical evidences that the conventional method combined with the naive plateau fitting for the finite volume energies in the literature so far fails to work on baryon-baryon interactions due to contaminations of elastic excited states. On the other hand, we show that such a serious problem can be avoided in the HAL QCD method by defining the potential in an energy-independent way. We also discuss systematics of the HAL QCD method, in particular errors associated with a truncation of the derivative expansion. Thirdly, we present several results obtained from the HAL QCD method, which include (central) nuclear force, tensor force, spin-orbital force, and three nucleon force. We finally show the latest results calculated at the nearly physical pion mass, $m_π\simeq 146$ MeV, including hyperon forces which lead to form $ΩΩ$ and $NΩ$ dibaryons.
description: 39 pages, 20 figures, Contribution to Frontiers in Physics (Research topic) "The Long-Lasting Quest for Nuclear Interactions: The Past, the Present and the Future", Published version
ARTROSCOPIA DE LIMPIEZA EN OSTEOARTRITIS
Creators: name: JESUS FERNANDEZ DIAZ
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110499 Complementary and Alternative Medicine not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: La osteoartritis (OA) de rodilla es un proceso degenerativo, afecta a personas mayores de 50 años y es una causa importante de discapacidad. Dentro de las opciones de tratamiento existen el tratamiento conservador y el quirúrgico. El desbridamiento artroscópico ha sido utilizado en pacientes con osteoartritis temprana de entre 55 y 75 años.
Leptostylum leuconotum
Creators: name: Gudin, Filipe Macedo
name: Messas, Yuri Fanchini
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tachinidae
Leptostylum
Leptostylum leuconotum

description: Leptostylum leuconotum (Wulp, 1892)
(Figure 4)
 Leptostylum leuconotum (Wulp), 1892: 195 (Exorista). Holotype male (described as female, see Wood 1985) (BMNH). Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Amula.
 Exorista leuconota, Wulp 1900: 482 [redescription of species, comparison to Exorista flavirostris Wulp, 1890 (included in Carcelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, teste Sellers 1943: 60)]; Guimarães 1971: 137 (catalogue, new combination to Leptostylum); Papavero and Ibáñez-Bernal 2003: 212 (catalogue, as Leptostylum).
 Argyreomyia busckii Townsend 1915: 426. Holotype male (USNM). Type locality: Panama, Porto Bello; Townsend 1931: 179 (in synonymy with L. pulchellum); Townsend 1941: 278 (new combination to Leptostylum); Wood 1985: 49 (catalogue), 50 (in synonymy with L. leuconotum); Evenhuis et al. 2015: 52 (catalogue of Townsend’ s genera).
 Leptostylum busckii, Guimarães 1971: 137 (catalogue).
 Leptostylum leuconotum, Guimarães 1971: 137 (catalogue); Wood 1985: 49 (comparison to L. itaquaquecetubae and L. pulchellum), 50 (included species); 116 (illustration of male abdomen exhibiting sexual patches, ventral view); Papavero and Ibáñez-Bernal 2003: 212 (catalogue); Wood and Zumbado 2010: 1388 (illustration of male abdomen exhibiting sexual patches, ventral view), 1407 (distribution).
 Remarks
 Wood (1985) suggested that L. leuconotum and L. itaquaquecetubae are synonymous with L. pulchellum. Indeed, L. leuconotum shares with these two species a sex patch only on tergite 4, and densely haired eyes. However, it exhibits strikingly differences among Leptostylum species, such as head and body entirely covered by whitish pruinosity and constricted frontal vitta (Figure 4a–d). There are four male specimens in MZSP that probably are L. leuconotum. Specimens are from Nova Friburgo and Tijuca Forest (city of Rio de Janeiro), state of Rio de Janeiro. One additional male (Figure 4) was collected by the authors from Serra da Cantareira, city of São Paulo, state of São Paulo. Leptostylum leuconotum is registered in Mexico and Panama (Guimarães 1971; Wood 1985). Additional studies of male terminalia could confirm the identity of these specimens as L. leuconotum or as a new species of Leptostylum, with affinities to this species. About nomenclatural acts made for A. busckii, see remarks section for L. pulchellum below.
description: Published as part of Gudin, Filipe Macedo & Messas, Yuri Fanchini, 2018, On taxonomy and hosts of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Blondeliini), with description of a new species and a new host record, pp. 1395-1415 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (21 - 22) on pages 1401-1403, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405, http://zenodo.org/record/4747119
CONTEMPORARY MEDICAL MISSIONS AND IATROGENIC VIOLENCE IN HONDURAS
Creators: name: Gilchrest, Laura S.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The goal of this dissertation is to assess the health and broader social effects of contemporary medical missions in Honduras. Though medical missions are a popular phenomenon that has garnered the attention of researchers across disciplines, existing literature has not provided a framework for evaluating how medical missions are filling gaps in local services, if at all. Nor does existing scholarship evaluate for potential or actual harms that may result from medical mission activities. I conducted participant observation among 11 medical missions and a Honduran health center in the Department of Colón on the northeastern coast of Honduras. This study considers the medical mission encounter through assessments of local health resources and consecutive medical mission clinics and interviews and participant observation with local healthcare workers, residents and mission volunteers. I demonstrate that contemporary medical missions are a revival of missionary medicine and the iatrogenic violence they engage in is directly related to the colonial roots of biomedical healing. I frame the mission encounter as a dialectic of self- and Other making and identify dominant discourses medical mission volunteers circulate to establish moral and intellectual authority and rationalize ongoing interventions, even when they are acknowledged to be ineffective. The mission organization and its volunteers engage in actions that are frequently misaligned with the needs, identified structural factors that complicate health and well-being, and the national priorities for improving access to healthcare identified by local healthcare providers and residents. As a result, the medical mission encounter leads to various forms of clinical, social, and cultural harm. By undermining or discursively erasing local healthcare resources contemporary medical missions contribute to the provoked crises in the Honduran public health system. I apply recent innovations in anthropological approaches to examine the missionary medicine encounter in Honduras as a dialectic and mutually constitutive process – putting the experiences and narratives of local communities at the same level of analysis as that of mission volunteers. This study contributes a much-needed framework for evaluating and analyzing the iatrogenic violence of medical mission encounters and may inform rubrics for monitoring and managing medical mission encounters in host countries.
CONTEMPORARY MEDICAL MISSIONS AND IATROGENIC VIOLENCE IN HONDURAS
Creators: name: Gilchrest, Laura S.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4401
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The goal of this dissertation is to assess the health and broader social effects of contemporary medical missions in Honduras. Though medical missions are a popular phenomenon that has garnered the attention of researchers across disciplines, existing literature has not provided a framework for evaluating how medical missions are filling gaps in local services, if at all. Nor does existing scholarship evaluate for potential or actual harms that may result from medical mission activities. I conducted participant observation among 11 medical missions and a Honduran health center in the Department of Colón on the northeastern coast of Honduras. This study considers the medical mission encounter through assessments of local health resources and consecutive medical mission clinics and interviews and participant observation with local healthcare workers, residents and mission volunteers. I demonstrate that contemporary medical missions are a revival of missionary medicine and the iatrogenic violence they engage in is directly related to the colonial roots of biomedical healing. I frame the mission encounter as a dialectic of self- and Other making and identify dominant discourses medical mission volunteers circulate to establish moral and intellectual authority and rationalize ongoing interventions, even when they are acknowledged to be ineffective. The mission organization and its volunteers engage in actions that are frequently misaligned with the needs, identified structural factors that complicate health and well-being, and the national priorities for improving access to healthcare identified by local healthcare providers and residents. As a result, the medical mission encounter leads to various forms of clinical, social, and cultural harm. By undermining or discursively erasing local healthcare resources contemporary medical missions contribute to the provoked crises in the Honduran public health system. I apply recent innovations in anthropological approaches to examine the missionary medicine encounter in Honduras as a dialectic and mutually constitutive process – putting the experiences and narratives of local communities at the same level of analysis as that of mission volunteers. This study contributes a much-needed framework for evaluating and analyzing the iatrogenic violence of medical mission encounters and may inform rubrics for monitoring and managing medical mission encounters in host countries.
Injury Prevention Strategies for Pre-professional and Professional Ballet Dancers
Creators: name: Burnett, Malik
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 36
subject: Creative arts and writing
classificationCode: 3604
subject: Performing arts

description: A dancer's performance career is often short-lived due to a universal factor in the field: injuries. A dance-related injury can range in severity and scope based on extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms. Studies surrounding injury occurrences in ballet dancers note the consequences of this fatality—leading to permanent damages if not treated. In the ballet world, dancers risk moving through injuries due to the systemic pressures within the field. Historically, sports medicine experts and dance medical professionals categorize dance-related injuries according to age, gender, injury type, and body location. For purposes of this study, this thesis will focus on injuries reported in ballet dancers. To accurately assess injuries among these groups, case studies have distinguished specific types of injuries, the cause of injuries, and prevention strategies for this dance genre. Classical ballet training involves repetitive and rigorous movements, which can be physically taxing on dancers. In this profession, it is easy to be susceptible to injury occurrences due to executing improper technique, such as misalignment of the body during balletic movements and positions. When leading or managing a dance organization, including dance companies, studios, or institutions, there are essential components that leaders understand and implement. Evaluating the factors that expose professional ballet dancers to injury occurrences are not only defined by the mechanisms of the injury but also the organizational structures that are administered.
Additional file 5 of Episodes of gene flow and selection during the evolutionary history of domesticated barley
Creators: name: Civáň, Peter
name: Drosou, Konstantina
name: Armisen-Gimenez, David
name: Duchemin, Wandrille
name: Salse, Jérôme
name: Brown, Terence A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Figure S4. Nucleotide diversity harboured in the wild populations.
Injury Prevention Strategies for Pre-professional and Professional Ballet Dancers
Creators: name: Burnett, Malik
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: A dancer's performance career is often short-lived due to a universal factor in the field: injuries. A dance-related injury can range in severity and scope based on extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms. Studies surrounding injury occurrences in ballet dancers note the consequences of this fatality—leading to permanent damages if not treated. In the ballet world, dancers risk moving through injuries due to the systemic pressures within the field. Historically, sports medicine experts and dance medical professionals categorize dance-related injuries according to age, gender, injury type, and body location. For purposes of this study, this thesis will focus on injuries reported in ballet dancers. To accurately assess injuries among these groups, case studies have distinguished specific types of injuries, the cause of injuries, and prevention strategies for this dance genre. Classical ballet training involves repetitive and rigorous movements, which can be physically taxing on dancers. In this profession, it is easy to be susceptible to injury occurrences due to executing improper technique, such as misalignment of the body during balletic movements and positions. When leading or managing a dance organization, including dance companies, studios, or institutions, there are essential components that leaders understand and implement. Evaluating the factors that expose professional ballet dancers to injury occurrences are not only defined by the mechanisms of the injury but also the organizational structures that are administered.
Study of pure annihilation type decays $B \to D_s^{*} K$
Creators: name: Li, Ying
name: Lu, Cai-Dian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we calculate the rare decays $B^0 \to D_s^{*-} K^+$ and $B^+ \to D_s^{*+} \bar{K}^0$ in perturbative QCD approach with Sudakov resummation. We give the branching ratio of $10^{-5}$ for $B^0 \to D_s^{*-}K^+$, which will be tested soon in $B$ factories. The decay $B^+ \to D_s^{*+} \bar{K}^0$ has a very small branching ratio at ${\cal O}(10^{-8})$, due to the suppression from CKM matrix elements $|V_{ub}^* V_{cd}|$. It may be sensitive to new physics contributions.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
THREE ESSAYS ON THE DISTRIBUTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF BUREAUCRATIC REPRESENTATION
Creators: name: McCrea, Austin M.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The theory of representative bureaucracy argues that a workforce reflective of the population will better produce processes, outputs, and outcomes that reflect the interests of the public it serves. While recent work pushes the theory towards the micro-foundations of representative bureaucracy, little work explores the questions of “who represents” and “who receives representation” at the individual-level. In other words, these questions push the theory towards the distributional consequences of representation by identifying the types of encounters where representation is likely to occur. Drawing on work from street-level bureaucracy theory, this dissertation situates bureaucratic behavior and discretion within an institutional context and explores how organizational constraints such as market-based incentives, workload, and rural resource constraints help us understand the who questions of representation. Drawing on 11 years of Florida emergency department data, this dissertation finds that, consistent with representative bureaucracy, physician-patient gender matching can improve women’s outcomes. However, the evidence suggests that the benefits of representation may disproportionately impact women who are insured, women treated during times of manageable workload, and women treated in urban ERs. Together, these findings show that representation is not a panacea, but rather a process informed by the bureaucratic work environment.
Aechmella Canu and Bassler 1917
Creators: name: Taylor, Paul D.
name: Martha, Silviu O.
name: Gordon, Dennis P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Cheilostomatida
Onychocellidae
Aechmella

description: Genus Aechmella Canu and Bassler, 1917
(Figure 2)
 Type species
 Aechmella filimargo, 1917, by original designation. Eocene, late Jacksonian (= Priabonian), Sepulga River west bank, Escambia County, Alabama, USA.
 Diagnosis
Colony encrusting. Autozooids subhexagonal (Figure 2 (a–b)), rounded distally; zooidal boundaries raised with a medial groove. Cryptocyst extensive, seemingly granular. Gymnocyst lacking. Opesia terminal, occupying about one-third of frontal surface; bell shaped with lateral constrictions at approximately mid-length, lacking opesiular indentations, proximal edge concave. Ovicell hyperstomial, ooecium?cryptocyst-like (Figure 2 (d)). Avicularia interzooidal, symmetrical, about half the width of an autozooid; opesia pear shaped; rostrum acutely triangular (Figure 2 (a)). Ancestrula similar in morphology to budded autozooids but smaller (Figure 2 (c)).
 Remarks
 The type species of Aechmella, A. filimargo, was described as rare by Canu and Bassler (1917, p. 30), who gave the range of the genus as Cenomanian to Miocene. Scanning electron micrographs of the type material of this species were kindly prepared for us by JoAnn Sanner of the USNM. The genus was named for the lance-like shape of the avicularia which, in contrast to the type and most other species of Onychocella, is symmetrical. Subsequently, Canu and Bassler (1920, p. 233) redescribed A. filimargo, introduced another species from the Eocene – A. crassimargo Canu and Bassler, 1920 – and referred a further nine existing species to Aechmella, the majority of which were originally described from the Late Cretaceous of Europe. Indeed, many of the species subsequently assigned to Aechmella are of Cretaceous or Paleocene age. There has been a tendency to use the genus for encrusting onychocellids with relatively small opesiae, wider than long, often almost crescent-shaped and sometimes with opesiular indentations but no lateral constrictions, and possessing small, symmetrical avicularia (e.g. Voigt 1959; Berthelsen 1962; Taylor and McKinney 2006; Taylor 2008). Based on the morphology of the type species, the generic identities of these species must be revised and we introduce the new genus Aechmellina below to accommodate them.
 Range
Eocene to Miocene.
description: Published as part of Taylor, Paul D., Martha, Silviu O. & Gordon, Dennis P., 2018, Synopsis of ' onychocellid' cheilostome bryozoan genera, pp. 1657-1721 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (25 - 26) on pages 1665-1667, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1481235, http://zenodo.org/record/4747141
Additional file 6 of Episodes of gene flow and selection during the evolutionary history of domesticated barley
Creators: name: Civáň, Peter
name: Drosou, Konstantina
name: Armisen-Gimenez, David
name: Duchemin, Wandrille
name: Salse, Jérôme
name: Brown, Terence A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Supplementary Note. Detection of selective sweeps.
Continuous, non-invasive monitoring of oxygen consumption in a parallelized microfluidic in vitro system provides novel insight into the response to nutrients and drugs of primary human hepatocytes
Creators: name: Busche, Marius
name: Rabl, Dominik
name: Fischer, Jan
name: Schmees, Christian
name: Mayr, Torsten
name: Gebhardt, Rolf
name: Stelzle, Martin
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: liver
organ-on-chip
perfusion
oxygen
sensors
in vitro
model
toxicity
metabolism

description: Oxygen plays a fundamental role in cellular energy metabolism, differentiation and cell biology in general. Consequently, in vitro oxygen sensing can be used to assess cell vitality and detect specific mechanisms of toxicity. In 2D in vitro models currently used, the oxygen supply provided by diffusion is generally too low, especially for cells having a high oxygen demand. In organ-on-chip systems, a more physiologic oxygen supply can be generated by establishing unidirectional perfusion. We established oxygen sensors in an easy-to-use and parallelized organ-on-chip system. We demonstrated the applicability of this system by analyzing the influence of fructose (40 mM, 80 mM), ammonium chloride (100 mM) and Na-diclofenac (50 µM, 150 µM, 450 µM, 1500 µM) on primary human hepatocytes (PHH). Fructose treatment for two hours showed an immediate drop of oxygen consumption (OC) with subsequent increase to nearly initial levels. Treatment with 80 mM glucose, 20 mM lactate or 20 mM glycerol did not result in any changes in OC which demonstrates a specific effect of fructose. Application of ammonium chloride for two hours did not show any immediate effects on OC, but qualitatively changed the cellular response to FCCP treatment. Na-diclofenac treatment for 24 hours led to a decrease of the maximal respiration and reserve capacity. We also demonstrated the stability of our system by repeatedly treating cells with 40 mM fructose, which led to similar cell responses on the same day as well as on subsequent days. In conclusion, our system enables in depth analysis of cellular respiration after substrate treatment in an unidirectional perfused organ-on-chip system.
description: EXCLI Journal; 21:Doc144; ISSN 1611-2156
Observation of gauge invariance in a 71-site Bose-Hubbard quantum simulator
Creators: name: Yang, Bing
name: Sun, Hui
name: Ott, Robert
name: Wang, Han-Yi
name: Zache, Torsten V.
name: Halimeh, Jad C.
name: Yuan, Zhen-Sheng
name: Hauke, Philipp
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The modern description of elementary particles, as formulated in the Standard Model of particle physics, is built on gauge theories. Gauge theories implement fundamental laws of physics by local symmetry constraints. For example, in quantum electrodynamics, Gauss's law introduces an intrinsic local relation between charged matter and electromagnetic fields, which protects many salient physical properties including massless photons and a long-ranged Coulomb law. Solving gauge theories by classical computers is an extremely arduous task, which has stimulated a vigorous effort to simulate gauge-theory dynamics in microscopically engineered quantum devices. Previous achievements implemented density-dependent Peierls phases without defining a local symmetry, realized mappings onto effective models to integrate out either matter or electric fields, or were limited to very small systems. The essential gauge symmetry has not been observed experimentally. Here, we report the quantum simulation of an extended U(1) lattice gauge theory, and experimentally quantify the gauge invariance in a many-body system comprising matter and gauge fields. These are realized in defect-free arrays of bosonic atoms in an optical superlattice of 71 sites. We demonstrate full tunability of the model parameters and benchmark the matter--gauge interactions by sweeping across a quantum phase transition. Enabled by high-fidelity manipulation techniques, we measure the degree to which Gauss's law is violated by extracting probabilities of locally gauge-invariant states from correlated atom occupations. Our work provides a way to explore gauge symmetry in the interplay of fundamental particles using controllable large-scale quantum simulators.
Additional file 7 of Episodes of gene flow and selection during the evolutionary history of domesticated barley
Creators: name: Civáň, Peter
name: Drosou, Konstantina
name: Armisen-Gimenez, David
name: Duchemin, Wandrille
name: Salse, Jérôme
name: Brown, Terence A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Figure S5. Lack of universal selection targets during barley domestication.
Accuracy in prediction of long-term functional outcome in patients with traumatic axonal injury: a comparison of MRI scales
Creators: name: Eijck, Marleen Maria Van
name: Herklots, Martin Willy
name: Peluso, Jo
name: Schoonman, Guus Geurt
name: Oldenbeuving, Annemarie Wilhelma
name: Vries, Jolanda De
name: Naalt, Joukje Van Der
name: Roks, Gerwin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Purpose: Functional outcome prediction for patients with traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is not highly related to the MRI classifications. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy in predicting functional outcome in patients with TAI with several MRI scoring methods and to define the most accurate method. Methods: Patients with TAI (2008–2014) confirmed on MRI <6 months after injury were included in this retrospective study. Long-term functional outcome was prospectively assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Score Extended. The Gentry classification is most used in clinical practice. This method was compared to methods that score lesion load, lesion locations, and to modified Gentry classifications. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for the scoring methods. Results: A total of 124 patients with TAI were included, medium follow-up 52 months. The AUC for the Gentry classification was 0.64. All tested methods were poor predictors for functional outcome, except for the 6-location score (area under the curve: 0.71). No method was significantly better than the Gentry classification. Conclusion: The Gentry classification for TAI correlates with functional outcome, but is a poor predictor for the long-term functional outcome. None of the other tested methods was significantly better.
Computationally efficient transfinite patches with fullness control
Creators: name: Salvi, Péter
name: Kovács, István
name: Várady, Tamás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Transfinite patches provide a simple and elegant solution to the problem of representing non-four-sided continuous surfaces, which are useful in a variety of applications, such as curve network based design. Real-time responsiveness is essential in this context, and thus reducing the computation cost is an important concern. The Midpoint Coons (MC) patch presented in this paper is a fusion of two previous transfinite schemes, combining the speed of one with the superior control mechanism of the other. This is achieved using a new constrained parameterization based on generalized barycentric coordinates and transfinite blending functions.
Is Well-being U-Shaped over the Life Cycle?
Creators: name: Blanchflower, David G.
name: Oswald, Andrew J.
name: Blanchflower, David G.
name: Oswald, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Happiness
subject: aging
subject: well-being
subject: GHQ
subject: cohorts
subject: mental-health
subject: depression
subject: life-course

description: We present evidence that psychological well-being is U-shaped through life. A difficulty with research on this issue is that there are likely to be omitted cohort effects (earlier generations may have been born in, say, particularly good or bad times). First, using data on 500,000 randomly sampled Americans and West Europeans, the paper designs a test that can control for cohort effects. Holding other factors constant, we show that a typical individual’s happiness reaches its minimum -- on both sides of the Atlantic and for both males and females -- in middle age. Second, evidence is provided for the existence of a similar U-shape through the life-course in East European, Latin American and Asian nations. Third, a U-shape in age is found in separate well-being regression equations in 72 developed and developing nations. Fourth, using measures that are closer to psychiatric scores, we document a comparable well-being curve across the life cycle in two other data sets: (i) in GHQ-N6 mental health levels among a sample of 16,000 Europeans, and (ii) in reported depression and anxiety levels among 1 million U.K. citizens. Fifth, we discuss some apparent exceptions, particularly in developing nations, to the U-shape. Sixth, we note that American male birth-cohorts seem to have become progressively less content with their lives. Our paper’s results are based on regression equations in which other influences, such as demographic variables and income, are held constant.
THREE ESSAYS ON THE DISTRIBUTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF BUREAUCRATIC REPRESENTATION
Creators: name: McCrea, Austin M.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration

description: The theory of representative bureaucracy argues that a workforce reflective of the population will better produce processes, outputs, and outcomes that reflect the interests of the public it serves. While recent work pushes the theory towards the micro-foundations of representative bureaucracy, little work explores the questions of “who represents” and “who receives representation” at the individual-level. In other words, these questions push the theory towards the distributional consequences of representation by identifying the types of encounters where representation is likely to occur. Drawing on work from street-level bureaucracy theory, this dissertation situates bureaucratic behavior and discretion within an institutional context and explores how organizational constraints such as market-based incentives, workload, and rural resource constraints help us understand the who questions of representation. Drawing on 11 years of Florida emergency department data, this dissertation finds that, consistent with representative bureaucracy, physician-patient gender matching can improve women’s outcomes. However, the evidence suggests that the benefits of representation may disproportionately impact women who are insured, women treated during times of manageable workload, and women treated in urban ERs. Together, these findings show that representation is not a panacea, but rather a process informed by the bureaucratic work environment.
Death, Happiness, and the Calculation of Compensatory Damages
Creators: name: Oswald, Andrew J.
name: Powdthavee, Nattavudh
name: Oswald, Andrew J.
name: Powdthavee, Nattavudh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Bereavement
subject: damages
subject: happiness
subject: compensation
subject: well-being
subject: GHQ scores

description: This paper studies the mental distress caused by bereavement. The largest emotional losses are from the death of a spouse; the second-worst in severity are the losses from the death of a child; the third-worst is the death of a parent. The paper explores how happiness regression equations might be used in tort cases to calculate compensatory damages for emotional harm and pain-and-suffering. We examine alternative well-being variables, discuss adaptation, consider the possibility that bereavement affects someone’s marginal utility of income, and suggest a procedure for correcting for the endogeneity of income. Although the paper’s contribution is methodological, and further research is needed, some illustrative compensation amounts are discussed.
Cheethamia Shaw 1967
Creators: name: Taylor, Paul D.
name: Martha, Silviu O.
name: Gordon, Dennis P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Cheilostomatida
Onychocellidae
Cheethamia

description: Genus Cheethamia Shaw, 1967
(Figure 4)
 Type species
 Cheethamia howei, 1967, by original designation. Cretaceous, Campanian, Saratoga Chalk, Howard County, Arkansas, USA.
 Diagnosis
 Colony encrusting. Autozooids hexagonal (Figure 4 (b)); zooidal boundaries grooved or with a raised edge. Cryptocyst convex, extensive, granular. Gymnocyst lacking. Opesia terminal, occupying about one-third of frontal surface, semielliptical, arch-shaped with small opesiular indentations, proximal edge more or less straight, shelf-like occlusor lamina distally; a pair of closely spaced oral spine bases in non-ovicellate zooids (Figure 4 (c)), four spine bases in zooids budded directly from the ancestrula. Ovicell hyperstomial (Figure 4 (d)), small, ooecium interior-walled, a convex transverse wall visible within the opesia separating the ovicell from the rest of the zooid. Avicularia vicarious, normally slightly asymmetrical (Figure 4 (e)), sometimes symmetrical (Figure 4 (a)), dagger-like, about the same length as an autozooid but half the width; opesia longitudinally elliptical; rostrum long, acutely triangular, straight or slightly curved. Ancestrula similar in size and morphology to budded autozooids (Figure 4 (f)). Remarks
 Unlike Onychocella, the ovicell of Cheethamia is hyperstomial, albeit small in the type species C. howei (Taylor and McKinney 2006). The oral spine bases are another feature of C. howei that are lacking in the type species of Onychocella, although oral spines are present in a few Cretaceous species that have been referred to Onychocella (see above). Shaw (1967) transferred Onychocella pinguis Voigt, 1962 from the Maastrichtian of Crimea to Cheethamia, an action supported by Koromyslova (2014) who rediagnosed the genus and added two further Maastrichtian species from eastern Ukraine and Kazakhstan to the genus: Cheethamia subpinguis Koromyslova, 2014 and C. arcuata Koromyslova, 2014. All of these species share with C. howei one or a pair of oral spine bases but C. pinguis and C. subpinguis differ from the type species in having erect bifoliate colonies.
 Range
Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian).
description: Published as part of Taylor, Paul D., Martha, Silviu O. & Gordon, Dennis P., 2018, Synopsis of ' onychocellid' cheilostome bryozoan genera, pp. 1657-1721 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (25 - 26) on pages 1669-1670, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1481235, http://zenodo.org/record/4747141
The locality of the fourth root of staggered fermion determinant in the interacting case
Creators: name: Bernard, C.
name: DeTar, C.
name: Gottlieb, Steven
name: Heller, U.
name: Hetrick, J. E.
name: Levkova, L.
name: Maresca, F.
name: Renner, D.
name: Sugar, R.
name: Toussaint, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fourth root approximation in LQCD simulations with dynamical staggered fermions requires justification. We test its validity numerically in the interacting theory in a renormalization group framework.
description: 6 pages, Talk presented at Lattice 2005 (Machines and Algorithms)
Supernovae and Light Neutralinos: SN1987A Bounds on Supersymmetry Revisited
Creators: name: Dreiner, H. K.
name: Hanhart, C.
name: Langenfeld, U.
name: Phillips, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For non-universal gaugino masses, collider experiments do not provide any lower bound on the mass of the lightest neutralino. We review the supersymmetric parameter space which leads to light neutralinos, $M_\lsp \lsim {\cal O}(1\gev)$, and find that such neutralinos are almost pure bino. In light of this, we examine the neutralino lower mass bound obtained from supernova 1987A (SN1987A). We consider the production of binos in both electron-positron annihilation and nucleon-nucleon binostrahlung. For electron-positron annihilation, we take into account the radial and temporal dependence of the temperature and degeneracy of the supernova core. We also separately consider the Raffelt criterion and show that the two lead to consistent results. For the case of bino production in $NN$ collisions, we use the Raffelt criterion and incorporate recent advances in the understanding of the strong-interaction part of the calculation in order to estimate the impact of bino radiation on the SN1987A neutrino signal. Considering these two bino production channels allows us to determine separate and combined limits on the neutralino mass as a function of the selectron and squark masses. For $M_\lsp \sim 100 \mev$ values of the selectron mass between 300 and 900 GeV are inconsistent with the supernova neutrino signal. On the other hand, in contrast to previous works, we find that SN1987A provides almost no bound on the squark masses: only a small window of values around 300 GeV can be excluded, and even then this window closes once $M_\lsp \gsim 20 \mev$.
description: 29 pages, Latex, 9 figures, axodraw.sty
Agreement of Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) for Detecting Metastatic Brain Lesions Compared to Gadolinium-Enhanced THRIVE MRI Technique
Creators: name: Siri-On Tritrakarn
Publisher: name: Thammasat Printing House
Year: 2021
Subjects: Agreement of Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging
Gadolinium-Enhanced THRIVE MRI Technique

description: Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine, 21, 3, 262-270
Hypertension and Happiness across Nations
Creators: name: Blanchflower, David G.
name: Oswald, Andrew J.
name: Blanchflower, David G.
name: Oswald, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Health
subject: hypertension
subject: Gross National Happiness
subject: GNH index
subject: GWB index
subject: ghq
subject: blood pressure
subject: national well-being index

description: In surveys of well-being, countries such as Denmark and the Netherlands emerge as particularly happy while nations like Germany and Italy report lower levels of happiness. But are these kinds of findings credible? This paper provides some evidence that the answer is yes. Using data on 16 countries, it shows that happier nations report systematically lower levels of hypertension. As well as potentially validating the differences in measured happiness across nations, this suggests that blood-pressure readings might be valuable as part of a national well-being index. A new ranking of European nations’ GHQ N6 mental-health scores is also given.
How Much Control is Enough? Monitoring and Enforcement under Stalin.
Creators: name: Markevich, Andrei
name: Markevich, Andrei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Political Economy
subject: asymmetric information
subject: principal-agent problem
subject: transaction costs
subject: hierarchy
subject: USSR

description: In hierarchies, agents’ hidden actions increase principals' transactions costs and give rise to a demand for monitoring and enforcement. The fact that the latter are costly raises questions about their scope, organisation, and type. How much control is enough? The paper uses historical records to examine Stalin’s answers to this question. We find that Stalin's behaviour was consistent with his aiming to maximise the efficiency of the Soviet system of control subject to the loyalty of his inspectors and the risk of a “chaos of orders” arising from parallel centres of power.
Partial sums and optimal shifts in shifted large-L perturbation expansions for quasi-exact potentials
Creators: name: Znojil, Miloslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact solvability (typically, of harmonic oscillators) in quantum mechanics usually implies an elementary form of the spectrum while in all the "next-to-solvable" models, the energies E are only available in an implicit form (typically, as eigenvalues of an N-dimensional matrix). We demonstrate here that certain echoes of the unattainable harmonic-oscillator ideal may still survive in the latter (often called quasi-exact) cases exemplified here by the popular sextic anharmonic oscillator. In particular we show that whenever the spatial dimension D (or, equivalently, angular momentum L) happens to be "sufficiently" large, the surprisingly compact semi-explicit energies E remain available. In detail, using the Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory in its appropriate "shifted-L" version we observe that: (1) all the k-th order approximants $E_k$ remain defined in integer arithmetics (i.e., without any errors); (2) an optimal auxiliary N-dependent shift $β(N)$ of L exists and is unique; (3) the resulting perturbative E degenerates to the series in powers of $1/[L+β(N)]^2$; (4) a certain optimal Pade re-summation formulae exist and possess a generic branched-continued-fraction structure.
description: 26 pages
Global Majority E-Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, June 2021
Creators: name: Casamassa, Sofia
name: Huang, Shihui
name: Novick, Brandon
name: Weinstein, Asher
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.). Department of Economics
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: Description to be added