cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Vorausschauende Restreichweitenberechnung in Elektrofahrzeugen - Senkung von Unsicherheiten und Reichweitenschwankungen durch rechtzeitige Berücksichtigung prädizierbarer Antriebs- und Nebenverbrauchseinflüsse
Creators: name: Enthaler, Achim
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Reichweite
Restreichweite
Elektrofahrzeuge

description: Die Einführung von Elektrofahrzeugen hat großen Einfluss auf die Senkung der $\text{CO}_2$-Flottendurchschnittswerte von Automobilherstellern. Um Elektrofahrzeuge wirtschaftlich für die breite Masse zugänglich zu machen, sind weitere Anstrengungen zur Senkung der Herstellungskosten und der Steigerung der Reichweite notwendig. Eine Möglichkeit zur Steigerung der im Alltag nutzbaren Reichweite liegt darin, die technisch realisierbare Reichweite durch eine nachvollziehbare und zuverlässige Restreichweitenanzeige für den Fahrer besser nutzbar zu machen. Die Funktionsweise historienbasierter Reichweitenalgorithmen wird diskutiert und es wird erläutert, weshalb diese aufgrund ihrer konzeptbedingten Einschränkungen für eine zuverlässige Reichweitenanzeige, insbesondere für eine konkrete Aussage über die Erreichbarkeit von Fahrzielen, ungeeignet sind. In dieser Arbeit werden Konzepte zur vorausschauenden Berechnung der Restreichweite und der verbleibenden Energiemenge am Zielort untersucht. Dazu werden Verfahren und Algorithmen zur Berechnung des Antriebsverbrauchs vorgestellt und durch Simulationen untersucht. Die eingesetzten rekursiven Verfahren der Regressionsanalyse sind rechnerisch effizient und erlauben eine schnelle und zuverlässige Prädiktion des Antriebsverbrauchs entlang der Strecke. Aufgrund ihrer Lernfähigkeit sind sie mit minimalem Applikationsaufwand für den Einsatz in einer Vielzahl von Derivaten geeignet. Voraussichtliche Reichweitenänderungen durch die Zustandsänderung von Nebenverbrauchern können rechnerisch effizient ermittelt werden. Durch die vorausschauende Restreichweitenberechnung konnte mit dem vorgestellten Verfahren eine verbesserte Genauigkeit der Reichweitenanzeige erzielt werden, die auf Basis objektiver Bewertungskriterien quantifiziert wurde. Auch Schwankungen in der Restreichweitenanzeige während der Fahrt konnten deutlich reduziert werden.
State of the Art in the Characterization of Nano-and Atomic-Scale Catalysts
Creators: name: Laishram, Devika
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 30199 Analytical Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30201 Bioinorganic Chemistry
subject: 30601 Catalysis and Mechanisms of Reactions
subject: 30403 Characterisation of Biological Macromolecules
subject: 30401 Biologically Active Molecules

description: Nanometer and subnanometer particles and films are becoming an essential and integral part of new technologies and inventions in different areas. Some of the most common areas include the microelectronic industry, magnetic recordings, photovoltaic applications, and optical coatings. Because of the ultrasmall size at atomic levels, the effect of quantum size becomes prominent, and the sensitivity of size is defined even by a difference of a single atom. Additionally, the effect is of utmost importance as the single-atom catalysts are far more advantageous than conventional catalysts as they tend to anchor easily because of their low coordination. Also, the presence of a single-atom catalyst in reactions creates efficient charge transfer as it forms a strong interaction with the support. Furthermore, catalysts in the subnanometer regime exhibit different electronic states and adsorption capabilities compared to traditional catalysts. Therefore, to fully appreciate the subnanometer catalysis reactions, it is essential to study the means of characterizing the prepared subnano catalysts, in order to characterize the materials in their as-synthesized form, to obtain a precise and accurate analysis; these are some of the fundamental requirements for achieving an optimum performance. The physical properties of many interesting materials for advanced technological usage are highly governed by the distribution and placement of atoms. Superior techniques such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopic techniques provide electronic and geometric configurations and also reveal the transformation of the subnano catalysts on the support material. Modeling methods such as density functional theory can successfully predict the electronic structure and geometric configuration of the catalyst, which in turn influence the selectivity and activity of the catalyst. Thus, understanding the characterization techniques gives the ability to understand, identify, and measure the local environment of individual atoms and the interaction with the surface support, which will give fundamental knowledge and insights in the realms of nanoscience and technology, materials science, chemistry, and physics. Therefore, detection and enhanced measurement of individual atoms is inherently challenging and is a prerequisite to the development of new technology and better performing materials. In this chapter, we have discussed various important methods of characterization for characterizing subnanometer and atomic catalysts.
title: Detailed brood evaluation under field conditions: advantages and disadvantages
Creators: name: Becker, Roland
name: Lückmann, Johannes
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut
Year: 2018

description: Bee brood studies under semi-field conditions according to OECD GD 75 display a strong variability of the brood termination rates (BTRs) as the key endpoint. Therefore, the ICP-PR Bee Brood Group considered the performance of EPPO 170 field studies using the OECD GD 75 bee brood evaluation as one option to achieve more reliable BTR data. This approach was envisaged already some years ago and used for several years. However, broader data sets supporting the benefit of this combined methodology were still lacking.
The analysis of current field studies performed since 2012 indicate that control BTRs were approximately half the size compared to values observed under semi-field conditions. Moreover, results give a strong indication that the BTR values under field conditions are more reliable and less variabel. Therefore, the combined method is a valuable tool to investigate potential effects of a plant protection product on the bee brood to refine the risk under realistic exposure conditions.
description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv, Nr. 462 (2018): Hazards of pesticides to bees 13th International Symposium of the ICP-PR Bee Protection Group 18. - 20. October 2017, València (Spain) - Proceedings -
Hexamethylbisacetamide Remodels the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Promoter and Induces Tat-Independent HIV-1 Expression but Blunts Cell Activation
Creators: name: Margolis, D.
name: Lehrman, G.
name: Klichko, V.
name: Archin, N.
name: Kaur, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Hexamethylbisacetamide (HMBA) induces human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression in latently infected T-cell and monocytoid cell lines. We find that HMBA activation of viral expression is Tat independent but, like Tat, increases the efficiency of elongation of the HIV-1 promoter (long terminal repeat [LTR]) transcripts. Further, exposure to HMBA induces chromatin remodeling at nucleosome 1 (Nuc-1) near the start site of LTR transcription but does so without increasing histone acetylation or altering histone methylation near Nuc-1. Of note, despite enhanced proviral expression, HMBA suppressed HIV infection ex vivo in primary blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. Treatment with HMBA did not alter expression of the HIV coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, in PBMCs but down-regulated CD4. Finally, HMBA interferes with cell proliferation and activation; it suppressed expression of Ki67 and CD25 and in PBMCs exposed to mitogen. As HMBA has been tested in oncology trials, its unusual properties make it a useful reagent for future studies of HIV promoter regulation and a novel prototype molecule for therapeutics that abort the latent proviral state of chronic HIV infection.
Estimates of best $m$-term trigonometric approximation of classes of analytic functions
Creators: name: Serdyuk, A. S.
name: Stepaniuk, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In metric of spaces $L_{s}, \ 1\leq s\leq\infty$, we obtain exact in order estimates of best $m$-term trigonometric approximations of classes of convolutions of periodic functions, that belong to unit all of space $L_{p}, \ 1\leq p\leq\infty$, with generated kernel $Ψ_β(t)=\sum\limits_{k=1}^{\infty}ψ(k)\cos(kt-\frac{βπ}{2})$, $β\in \mathbb{R}$, whose coefficients $ψ(k)$ tend to zero not slower than geometric progression. Obtained estimates coincide in order with approximation by Fourier sums of the given classes of functions in $L_{s}$-metric. This fact allows to write down exact order estimates of best orthogonal trigonometric approximation and trigonometric widths of given classes.
description: 7 pages, in Ukrainian
First-principles modelling of magnetic excitations in Mn12
Creators: name: Mazurenko, V. V.
name: Kvashnin, Y. O.
name: Jin, Fengping
name: De Raedt, H. A.
name: Lichtenstein, A. I.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a fully microscopic theory of magnetic properties of the prototype molecular magnet Mn12. First, the intra-molecular magnetic properties have been studied by means of first-principles density functional-based methods, with local correlation effects being taken into account within the local density approximation plus U (LDA+U) approach. Using the magnetic force theorem, we have calculated the interatomic isotropic and anisotropic exchange interactions and full tensors of single-ion anisotropy for each Mn ion. Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction parameters turned out to be unusually large, reflecting a low symmetry of magnetic pairs in molecules, in comparison with bulk crystals. Based on these results we predict a distortion of ferrimagnetic ordering due to DM interactions. Further, we use an exact diagonalization approach allowing to work with as large Hilbert space dimension as 10^8 without any particular symmetry (the case of the constructed magnetic model). Based on the computational results for the excitation spectrum, we propose a distinct interpretation of the experimental inelastic neutron scattering spectra.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Physical Review B
Face Validity of Four Preference-Weighted Quality-of-Life Measures in Residential Aged Care: A Think-Aloud Study
Creators: name: Engel, L
name: Kosowicz, L
name: Bogatyreva, E
name: Batchelor, F
name: Devlin, N
name: Dow, B
name: Gilbert, Andrew
name: Mulhern, B
name: Peasgood, T
name: Viney, R
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems

description: Objective: There is an increased use of preference-weighted quality-of-life measures in residential aged care to guide resource allocation decisions or for quality-of-care assessments. However, little is known about their face validity (i.e., how understandable, appropriate and relevant the measures are ‘on their face’ when respondents complete them). The aim of this study was to assess the face validity of four preference-weighted measures (i.e., EQ-5D-5L, EQ-HWB, ASCOT, QOL-ACC) in older people living in residential aged care. Methods: Qualitative cognitive think-aloud interviews were conducted using both concurrent and retrospective think-aloud techniques. To reduce burden, each resident completed two measures, with the four measures randomised across participants. Audio recordings were transcribed and framework analysis was used for data analysis, based on an existing framework derived from the Tourangeau four-stage response model. Results: In total, 24 interviews were conducted with residents living across three residential aged care facilities in Melbourne, Australia. Response issues were identified across all four measures, often related to comprehension and difficulty selecting a response level due to double-barrelled and ambiguous items that have different meanings in the residential aged care context. We also identified issues related to understanding instructions, non-adherence to the recall period, and noted positive responding that requires attention when interpreting the data. Conclusions: Our findings provide further evidence on the appropriateness of existing measures, indicating numerous response issues that require further research to guide the selection process for research and practice.
Identification and Characterization of the Orf49 Protein of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus
Creators: name: Gonzalez, C. M.
name: Kenney, S.
name: Damania, B.
name: Hong, G. K.
name: Wong, E. L.
name: Bowser, B. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman's disease. Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common neoplasm among human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals. Like other herpesviruses, KSHV is able to establish a predominantly latent, life-long infection in its host. The KSHV lytic cycle can be triggered by a number of stimuli that induce the expression of the key lytic switch protein, the replication and transcription activator (RTA) encoded by Orf50. The expression of Rta is necessary and sufficient to trigger the full lytic program resulting in the ordered expression of viral proteins, release of viral progeny, and host cell death. We have characterized an unknown open reading frame, Orf49, which lies adjacent and in the opposite orientation to Orf50. Orf49 is expressed during the KSHV lytic cycle and shows early transcription kinetics. We have mapped the 5′ and 3′ ends of the unspliced Orf49 transcript, which encodes a 30-kDa protein that is localized to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Interestingly, we found that Orf49 was able to cooperate with Rta to activate several KSHV lytic promoters containing AP-1 sites. The Orf49-encoded protein was also able to induce transcriptional activation through c-Jun but not the ATF1, ATF2, or CREB transcription factor. We found that Orf49 could induce phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor c-Jun, the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. Our data suggest that Orf49 functions to activate the JNK and p38 pathways during the KSHV lytic cycle.
Infection of Human Airway Epithelium by Human and Avian Strains of Influenza A Virus
Creators: name: Barclay, W. S.
name: Zambon, M. C.
name: Pickles, R. J.
name: Thompson, C. I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: We describe the characterization of influenza A virus infection of an established in vitro model of human pseudostratified mucociliary airway epithelium (HAE). Sialic acid receptors for both human and avian viruses, α-2,6- and α-2,3-linked sialic acids, respectively, were detected on the HAE cell surface, and their distribution accurately reflected that in human tracheobronchial tissue. Nonciliated cells present a higher proportion of α-2,6-linked sialic acid, while ciliated cells possess both sialic acid linkages. Although we found that human influenza viruses infected both ciliated and nonciliated cell types in the first round of infection, recent human H3N2 viruses infected a higher proportion of nonciliated cells in HAE than a 1968 pandemic-era human virus, which infected proportionally more ciliated cells. In contrast, avian influenza viruses exclusively infected ciliated cells. Although a broad-range neuraminidase abolished infection of HAE by human parainfluenza virus type 3, this treatment did not significantly affect infection by influenza viruses. All human viruses replicated efficiently in HAE, leading to accumulation of nascent virus released from the apical surface between 6 and 24 h postinfection with a low multiplicity of infection. Avian influenza A viruses also infected HAE, but spread was limited compared to that of human viruses. The nonciliated cell tropism of recent human H3N2 viruses reflects a preference for the sialic acid linkages displayed on these cell types and suggests a drift in the receptor binding phenotype of the H3 hemagglutinin protein as it evolves in humans away from its avian virus precursor.
Gaia on-board metrology: basic angle and best focus
Creators: name: Mora, A.
name: Biermann, M.
name: Brown, A. G. A.
name: Busonero, D.
name: Carminati, L.
name: Carrasco, J. M.
name: Chassat, F.
name: Erdmann, M.
name: Gielesen, W. L. M.
name: Jordi, C.
name: Katz, D.
name: Kohley, R.
name: Lindegren, L.
name: Loeffler, W.
name: Marchal, O.
name: Panuzzo, P.
name: Seabroke, G.
name: Sahlmann, J.
name: Serpell, E.
name: Serraller, I.
name: van Leeuwen, F.
name: van Reeven, W.
name: Dool, T. C. van den
name: Vosteen, L. L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gaia payload ensures maximum passive stability using a single material, SiC, for most of its elements. Dedicated metrology instruments are, however, required to carry out two functions: monitoring the basic angle and refocusing the telescope. Two interferometers fed by the same laser are used to measure the basic angle changes at the level of $μ$as (prad, micropixel), which is the highest level ever achieved in space. Two Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors, combined with an ad-hoc analysis of the scientific data are used to define and reach the overall best-focus. In this contribution, the systems, data analysis, procedures and performance achieved during commissioning are presented
description: 18 pages, 14 figures. To appear in SPIE proceedings 9143-30. Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave
$A_N$ in inclusive lepton-proton collisions: TMD and twist-3 approaches
Creators: name: Prokudin, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the inclusive production of hadrons in lepton-nucleon scattering. For a transversely polarized nucleon this reaction shows a left-right azimuthal asymmetry, which we compute this asymmetry in both TMD and in twist-3 collinear factorization formalisms. All non-perturbative parton correlators of the calculation are fixed through information from other hard processes. Our results for the left-right asymmetry agree in sign with recent data for charged pion production from the HERMES Collaboration and from Jefferson Lab. We discuss similarities and differences of two formalisms.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the TRANSVERSITY 2014, Chia, Italy, 9-13 June, 2014
LMP1 Strain Variants: Biological and Molecular Properties
Creators: name: Raab-Traub, N.
name: Mainou, B. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The ubiquitous herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is linked to the development of several malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is considered the EBV oncogene as it is necessary for EBV-induced transformation of B lymphocytes and is able to transform Rat-1 fibroblasts. LMP1 can activate a wide array of signaling pathways, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and NF-κB. Six sequence variants of LMP1, termed Alaskan, China 1, China 2, Med+, Med−, and NC, have been identified, and individuals can be infected with multiple variants. The frequencies of detection of these variants differ for various EBV-associated malignancies from different geographic regions. In this study, the biological and signaling properties of the LMP1 variants have been characterized. All of the LMP1 variants transformed Rat-1 fibroblasts, induced increased motility of HFK cells, and induced increased homotypic adhesion of BJAB cells. While all the variants activated the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to similar extents, the Alaskan, China 1, and Med+ variants had limited binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase component homologue of Slimb and had slightly enhanced NF-κB signaling. These findings indicate that the signature amino acid changes of the LMP1 variants do not hinder or enhance their in vitro transforming potentials or affect their signaling properties.
‘It was the worst possible timing’: the response of UK Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships to Covid-19
Creators: name: Brown, Megan EL.
name: Parekh, Ravi
name: Anderson, Kevin
name: Mayat, Nabilah
name: McKeown, Andy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Covid-19 has altered medical education worldwide. Given recent events, UK Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs), which are relatively new innovations, may have changed in structure and delivery, or may have demonstrated resilience. Collating the responses and experiences of UK institutions may yield transferrable recommendations for institutions wishing to develop sustainable LICs. A mixed-methods survey concerning LIC prevalence, variety, and experiences of responses to Covid-19 was circulated to all 33 UK medical schools through academic networks. 25 survey responses were received, representing 20 institutions. 12 faculty completed follow up semi-structured interviews. 13 LICs were reported: 1 wasn’t running during 2020, 5 were running unchanged, and 7 with alterations. 2 additional LICs were planned. Thematic analysis of free-text survey and interview responses revealed that relationships between faculty and institutions were central in facilitating recent adaptations to UK LICs. Given model flexibility, an increased drive to develop LICs was also evident. Barriers to adapting programmes included uncertainty regarding progression of Covid-19 restrictions and issues with secondary care access. Investing in faculty development and support networks could increase LIC sustainability. By highlighting the relative resilience of UK LIC placements during Covid-19, these findings offer important insight for the future delivery of sustainable LICs within, and beyond, the UK.
Accretion Outbursts in Self-gravitating Protoplanetary Disks
Creators: name: Bae, Jaehan
name: Hartmann, Lee
name: Zhu, Zhaohuan
name: Nelson, Richard P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We improve on our previous treatments of long-term evolution of protostellar disks by explicitly solving disk self-gravity in two dimensions. The current model is an extension of the one-dimensional layered accretion disk model of Bae et al. We find that gravitational instability (GI)-induced spiral density waves heat disks via compressional heating (i.e. $P\rm{d}V$ work), and can trigger accretion outbursts by activating the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in the magnetically inert disk dead-zone. The GI-induced spiral waves propagate well inside of gravitationally unstable region before they trigger outbursts at $R \lesssim 1$ AU where GI cannot be sustained. This long-range propagation of waves cannot be reproduced with the previously used local $α$ treatments for GI. In our standard model where zero dead-zone residual viscosity ($α_{\rm rd}$) is assumed, the GI-induced stress measured at the onset of outbursts is locally as large as $0.01$ in terms of the generic $α$ parameter. However, as suggested in our previous one-dimensional calculations, we confirm that the presence of a small but finite $α_{\rm rd}$ triggers thermally-driven bursts of accretion instead of the GI + MRI-driven outbursts that are observed when $α_{\rm rd}=0$. The inclusion of non-zero residual viscosity in the dead-zone decreases the importance of GI soon after mass feeding from the envelope cloud ceases. During the infall phase while the central protostar is still embedded, our models stay in a quiescent accretion phase with $\dot{M}_{acc}\sim10^{-8}-10^{-7}~M_{\odot}~{\rm yr^{-1}}$ over $60~\%$ of the time and spend less than $15~\%$ of the infall phase in accretion outbursts.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures, 1 table, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Domestic abuse education in UK GP training schemes: cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Cox, Rebecca
name: Feder, Gene
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Domestic abuse (DA) is a violation of human rights that damages physical and mental health. Healthcare services is the most common agency a woman experiencing DA may present to. DA is part of the GP postgraduate training curriculum in the UK, but we do not know how this is being implemented in registrar training. To investigate the implementation of domestic abuse education in GP training schools across the UK. Cross-sectional survey of UK postgraduate GP training groups. Digital surveys were emailed to all UK postgraduate GP training groups. The survey contained quantitative and free-text questions about descriptive features of education provided and self-reported perceptions. The survey was sampled by programme directors (PDs) and trainees. Data was collected and analysed descriptively. Seventy of the 115 (52%) GP postgraduate training groups responded. 44.2% of the groups did not offer DA education. If available, DA education sessions had different lengths of teaching, facilitators, content and methods. When asked if training was adequate, 47.4% of trainees disagreed and 36.8% strongly disagreed. Throughout the questions, PDs ranked the quality of education higher than trainees. PD’s reasons for not providing DA education included lack of time and resources, but also cultural perceptions of DA being a taboo subject and not clinical. Our survey shows that the provision of DA education in UK postgraduate GP training is absent in almost half the programmes and varies in length, content and quality, with a high proportion of respondents rating it inadequate.
The Gaia payload uplink commanding system
Creators: name: Mora, A.
name: Abreu, A.
name: Cheek, N.
name: Crowley, C. M.
name: Guerra, R.
name: Hernández, J.
name: Kohley, E. Joliet. R.
name: Martín-Fleitas, J.
name: Osinde, J.
name: Siddiqui, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This document describes the uplink commanding system for the ESA Gaia mission. The need for commanding, the main actors, data flow and systems involved are described. The system architecture is explained in detail, including the different levels of configuration control, software systems and data models. A particular subsystem, the automatic interpreter of human-readable onboard activity templates, is also carefully described. Many lessons have been learned during the commissioning and are also reported, because they could be useful for future space survey missions.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures. To appear in SPIE proceedings 9149-26. Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems V
Long-Term-Infected Telomerase-Immortalized Endothelial Cells: a Model for Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latency In Vitro and In Vivo
Creators: name: Gerson, S. L.
name: Roth, J.
name: Dittmer, D. P.
name: An, F.-Q.
name: Fakhari, F. D.
name: Compitello, N.
name: Renne, R.
name: Folarin, H. M.
name: McCrae, K. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman's disease. Most KS tumor cells are latently infected with KSHV and are of endothelial origin. While PEL-derived cell lines maintain KSHV indefinitely, all KS tumor-derived cells to date have lost viral genomes upon ex vivo cultivation. To study KSHV latency and tumorigenesis in endothelial cells, we generated telomerase-immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial (TIVE) cells. TIVE cells express all KSHV latent genes 48 h postinfection, and productive lytic replication could be induced by RTA/Orf50. Similar to prior models, infected cultures gradually lost viral episomes. However, we also obtained, for the first time, two endothelial cell lines in which KSHV episomes were maintained indefinitely in the absence of selection. Long-term KSHV maintenance correlated with loss of reactivation in response to RTA/Orf50 and complete oncogenic transformation. Long-term-infected TIVE cells (LTC) grew in soft agar and proliferated under reduced-serum conditions. LTC, but not parental TIVE cells, formed tumors in nude mice. These tumors expressed high levels of the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) and expressed lymphatic endothelial specific antigens as found in KS (LYVE-1). Furthermore, host genes, like those encoding interleukin 6, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor, known to be highly expressed in KS lesions were also induced in LTC-derived tumors. KSHV-infected LTCs represent the first xenograft model for KS and should be of use to study KS pathogenesis and for the validation of anti-KS drug candidates.
Simulação da Final da Superliga Masculina de Vôlei 2023 por Cadeias de Markov: Um Estudo de Probabilidade Aplicada com Dados Reais
Creators: name: Rocha Neto, Humberto Alves da
Publisher: name: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)
Year: 2023

description: Este trabalho apresenta uma aplicação de cadeias de Markov para simular a final da Superliga Masculina de Vôlei 2023 entre Sada Cruzeiro e Minas Tênis Clube. Utilizando estatísticas reais das últimas 10 partidas de cada equipe, foram construídos vetores de distribuição inicial e matrizes de transição para modelar, com base probabilística, o desempenho esperado de cada time ao longo da partida.

A análise envolve a combinação dos modelos individuais em uma matriz conjunta de transição entre estados (vitória/derrota por set), seguida da simulação de 100.000 confrontos por meio do pacote markovchain no R. Os resultados foram comparados com as probabilidades implícitas das casas de apostas, revelando um grau notável de aproximação entre a modelagem estatística e as estimativas do mercado.

O trabalho também discute limitações do modelo e propõe caminhos para refinamentos futuros. A base de dados foi obtida por meio da BetsAPI, com apoio da equipe do Clube da Aposta, e o projeto integra os conteúdos aprendidos na disciplina de Modelagem de Dados Discretos da graduação em Estatística pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG).
Ribosomal Protein S6 Associates with Alphavirus Nonstructural Protein 2 and Mediates Expression from Alphavirus Messages
Creators: name: Beard, C. W.
name: Berglund, P.
name: Montgomery, S. A.
name: Johnston, R. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Although alphaviruses dramatically alter cellular function within hours of infection, interactions between alphaviruses and specific host cellular proteins are poorly understood. Although the alphavirus nonstructural protein 2 (nsP2) is an essential component of the viral replication complex, it also has critical auxiliary functions that determine the outcome of infection in the host. To gain a better understanding of nsP2 function, we sought to identify cellular proteins with which Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus nsP2 interacted. We demonstrate here that nsP2 associates with ribosomal protein S6 (RpS6) and that nsP2 is present in the ribosome-containing fractions of a polysome gradient, suggesting that nsP2 associates with RpS6 in the context of the whole ribosome. This result was noteworthy, since viral replicase proteins have seldom been described in direct association with components of the ribosome. The association of RpS6 with nsP2 was detected throughout the course of infection, and neither the synthesis of the viral structural proteins nor the presence of the other nonstructural proteins was required for RpS6 interaction with nsP2. nsP1 also was associated with RpS6, but other nonstructural proteins were not. RpS6 phosphorylation was dramatically diminished within hours after infection with alphaviruses. Furthermore, a reduction in the level of RpS6 protein expression led to diminished expression from alphavirus subgenomic messages, whereas no dramatic diminution in cellular translation was observed. Taken together, these data suggest that alphaviruses alter the ribosome during infection and that this alteration may contribute to differential translation of host and viral messages.
Role for 3-O-Sulfated Heparan Sulfate as the Receptor for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Entry into Primary Human Corneal Fibroblasts
Creators: name: Xu, D.
name: Clement, C.
name: Shukla, D.
name: Yue, B. Y. J. T.
name: Valyi-Nagy, T.
name: Tiwari, V.
name: Liu, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of the corneal stroma remains a major cause of blindness. Primary cultures of corneal fibroblasts (CF) were tested and found susceptible to HSV-1 entry, which was confirmed by deconvolution imaging of infected cells. Plaque assay and real-time PCR demonstrated viral replication and hence a productive infection of CF by HSV-1. A role for glycoprotein D (gD) receptors in cultured CF was determined by gD interference assay. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated expression of herpesvirus entry mediator and 3-O-sulfated (3-OS) heparan sulfate (HS)-generating enzyme 3-O sulfotransferase 3 (3-OST-3) but not nectin-1 or nectin-2. Subsequently, HS isolated from these cells was found to contain two distinct disaccharides (IdoUA2S-AnMan3S and IdoUA2S-AnMan3S6S) that are representative of 3-OST-3 activity. The following lines of evidence supported the important role of 3-OS HS as the mediator of HSV-1 entry into CF. (i) Blockage of entry was observed in CF treated with heparinases. The same enzymes had significantly less effect on HeLa cells that use nectin-1 as the entry receptor. (ii) Enzymatic removal of cell surface HS also removed the major gD-binding receptor, as evident from the reduced binding of gD to cells. (iii) Spinoculation assay demonstrated that entry blockage by heparinase treatment included the membrane fusion step. (iv) HSV-1 glycoprotein-induced cell-to-cell fusion was inhibited by either prior treatment of cells with heparinases or by HS preparations enriched in 3-OS HS. Taken together, the data in this report provide novel information on the role of 3-OS HS in mediating infection of CF, a natural target cell type.
Traveling solar-wind bulk-velocity fluctuations and their effects on electron heating in the inner heliosphere
Creators: name: Fahr, Hans J.
name: Chashei, Igor V.
name: Verscharen, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ambient plasma electrons undergo strong heating in regions associated with compressive traveling interplanetary solar-wind bulk-velocity jumps due to their specific interactions with the jump-inherent electric fields. After thermalization of this energy gain per shock passage through the operation of the Buneman instability, strong electron heating occurs that substantially influences the radial electron temperature profile. We describe the reduction of the jump amplitude due to energy expended by the traveling jump structure. We consider three effects; namely energy loss due to heating of electrons, energy loss due to work done against the pick-up-ion pressure gradient, and an energy gain due to nonlinear jump steepening. Taking these effects into account, we show that the decrease in jump amplitude with solar distance is more pronounced when the initial jump amplitude is higher in the inner solar system. Independent of the initial jump amplitude, it eventually decreases with increasing distance to a value of the order of $ΔU/U\simeq 0.1$ at the position of the heliospheric termination shock, where $ΔU$ is the jump amplitude, and $U$ is the average solar-wind bulk velocity.The electron temperature, on the other hand, is strongly correlated with the initial jump amplitude, leading to electron temperatures between 6000 K and 20 000 K at distances beyond 50 AU. We compare our results with in-situ measurements of the electron-core temperature from the Ulysses spacecraft in the plane of the ecliptic for $1.5\, \mathrm{AU}\leq r \leq 5\,\mathrm{AU}$, where $r$ is the distance from the Sun. We find a very good agreement between our results and these observations, which corroborates our extrapolated predictions beyond $r=5\,\mathrm{AU}$.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astron. Astrophys
Another reliquary vase from Wardak and consecrating fire rites in Gandhara
Creators: name: Falk, Harry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: gandhakuṭi

description: Harry Falk, "Another reliquary vase from Wardak and consecrating fire rites in Gandhara," Religion and Art: New Issues in Indian Iconography and Iconology, ed. Claudine Bautze-Picron (London: BASAS, 2008)
Quark Hadron Duality at Finite Temperature
Creators: name: Arriola, E. Ruiz
name: Salcedo, L. L.
name: Megias, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At low temperatures we expect that all QCD observables are defined in terms of hadrons. This includes the partition function as well as the Polyakov loop in all representations. We analyze the physics underlying a microscopic derivation of the hadron resonance gas.
description: 46 pages, Presented by ERA at the LIV Cracow School of Theoretical Physics on QCD meets experiment. June 12-20, 2014
Metamorphic Testing of Relation Extraction Models
Creators: name: Sun, Yuhe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80201 Analysis of Algorithms and Complexity

description: Relation extraction (RE) is a fundamental NLP task, which aims to identify relations between some entities with reference to a given text. RE forms the basis for many advanced NLP tasks, such as question answering and text summarization, and thus its quality is critical to the relevant downstream applications. However, evaluating the quality of RE models is non-trivial. On one hand, it is tedious and even difficult to obtain ground truth labels for individual test inputs. On the other hand, there is an increasing need to understand the characteristics of RE models from various aspects. To mitigate these issues, this study proposes to evaluate RE models by applying metamorphic testing (MT). A total number of 8 metamorphic relations encoding some expected properties for RE are identified, based on which three popular RE models are evaluated. Our experiments reveal a large number of prediction failures of subject RE models, confirming that MT is effective for evaluating RE models. A further analysis with respect to experimental results reveals the advantages and disadvantages of our subject models, and also uncovers some typical issues of RE models.
Multiple-Q Instability by (d-2)-dimensional Connections of Fermi Surfaces
Creators: name: Hayami, Satoru
name: Motome, Yukitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general mechanism of multiple-Q ordering with noncollinear and noncoplanar spin textures in itinerant magnets. By analyzing the fourth-order perturbation with respect to the spin-charge coupling, we find that the instability toward multiple-Q ordering is caused by (d-2)-dimensional connections of the Fermi surfaces in the extended Brillouin zone by the multiple-Q wave vectors: zero(one)-dimensional point (line) connections in the two(three)-dimensional systems. The instabilities are obtained as the "fixed points" in the two-parameter flow diagram, irrespective of lattice structures. The hidden Fermi surface instability provides a universal origin of noncollinear and noncoplanar instabilities common to frustrated and unfrustrated lattice systems.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
The remote Maxwell demon as energy down-converter
Creators: name: Hossenfelder, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is demonstrated that Maxwell's demon can be used to allow a machine to extract energy from a heat bath by use of information that is processed by the demon at a remote location. The model proposed here effectively replaces transmission of energy by transmission of information. For that we use a feedback protocol that enables a net gain by stimulating emission in selected fluctuations around thermal equilibrium. We estimate the down conversion rate and the efficiency of energy extraction from the heat bath.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Role of Invariant Thr80 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Structure, Function, and Viral Infectivity
Creators: name: Schiffer, C. A.
name: Foulkes, J. E.
name: Cooper, D.
name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Prabu-Jeyabalan, M.
name: Henderson, G. J.
name: Harris, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Sequence variability associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is useful for inferring structural and/or functional constraints at specific residues within the viral protease. Positions that are invariant even in the presence of drug selection define critically important residues for protease function. While the importance of conserved active-site residues is easily understood, the role of other invariant residues is not. This work focuses on invariant Thr80 at the apex of the P1 loop of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus protease. In a previous study, we postulated, on the basis of a molecular dynamics simulation of the unliganded protease, that Thr80 may play a role in the mobility of the flaps of protease. In the present study, both experimental and computational methods were used to study the role of Thr80 in HIV protease. Three protease variants (T80V, T80N, and T80S) were examined for changes in structure, dynamics, enzymatic activity, affinity for protease inhibitors, and viral infectivity. While all three variants were structurally similar to the wild type, only T80S was functionally similar. Both T80V and T80N had decreased the affinity for saquinavir. T80V significantly decreased the ability of the enzyme to cleave a peptide substrate but maintained infectivity, while T80N abolished both activity and viral infectivity. Additionally, T80N decreased the conformational flexibility of the flap region, as observed by simulations of molecular dynamics. Taken together, these data indicate that HIV-1 protease functions best when residue 80 is a small polar residue and that mutations to other amino acids significantly impair enzyme function, possibly by affecting the flexibility of the flap domain.
Limits on the strength of individual gravitational wave sources using high-cadence observations of PSR B1937+21
Creators: name: Yi, Shuxu
name: Stappers, Benjamin W.
name: Sanidas, Sotirios A.
name: Bassa, Cees G.
name: Janssen, Gemma H.
name: Lyne, Andrew G.
name: Kramer, Michael
name: Zhang, Shuang-Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a search for gravitational waves (GWs) from individual sources using high cadence observations of PSR B1937+21. The data were acquired from an intensive observation campaign with the Lovell telescope at Jodrell Bank, between June 2011 and May 2013. The almost daily cadence achieved, allowed us to be sensitive to GWs with frequencies up to $4.98\times10^{-6}\,\rm {Hz}$, extending the upper bound of the typical frequency range probed by Pulsar Timing Arrays. We used observations taken at three different radio frequencies with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope in order to correct for dispersion measure effects and scattering variances. The corrected timing residuals exhibited an unmodeled periodic noise with an amplitude $~150\,\rm {ns}$ and a frequency of $3.4\rm {yr}^{-1}$. As the signal is not present in the entire data set, we attributed it to the rotational behaviour of the pulsar, ruling out the possibilities of being either due to a GW or an asteroid as the cause. After removing this noise component, we placed limits on the GW strain of individual sources equaling to $h_{\rm s}=1.53\times10^{-11}$ and $h_{\rm s}=4.99\times10^{-14}$ at $10^{-7}\,\rm {Hz}$ for random and optimal sources locations respectively.
description: One typo in the abstract corrected; 8 pages, figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: La musica tra redenzione e inferno concentrazionario
Creators: name: Pellegrino , Raffaele
Publisher: name: Roma Tre-Press
Year: 2012

description: La musica era presente in numerosi campi di concentramento, compresi quelli di sterminio; in molti lager vi erano musicisti cui era concesso di suonare e tenere concerti, sebbene spesso le loro performance fossero obbligate dalle SS al fine di accompagnare i detenuti a lavoro, o per far svagare le autorità del campo. È difficile, se non imposibile, fornire con sicurezza e in maniera esaustiva tutte le motivazioni che spinsero i musicisti a esprimersi attraverso il loro talento. Ma si può dire in qualche modo che la musica salvava la vita ai prigionieri?

description: B@belonline vol. 13 Chaos/Kosmos