cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exposure duration modulates the response of Caribbean corals to global change stressors
Creators: name: Bove, C.B.
name: Nieves, O.C.
name: Castillo, K.D.
name: Davies, S.W.
name: Ries, J.B.
name: Knowlton, A.C.
name: Boulton, J.M.
name: Aichelman, H.E.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2021

description: Global change, including rising temperatures and acidification, threatens corals globally. Although bleaching events reveal fine-scale patterns of resilience, traits enabling persistence under global change remain elusive. We conducted a 95-d controlled-laboratory experiment investigating how duration of exposure to warming (~28, 31°C), acidification (pCO2 ~ 343 [present day], ~663 [end of century], ~3109 [extreme] μatm), and their combination influences physiology of reef-building corals (Siderastrea siderea, Pseudodiploria strigosa) from two reef zones on the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. Every 30 d, net calcification rate, host protein and carbohydrate, chlorophyll a, and symbiont density were quantified for the same coral individual to characterize acclimation potential under global change. Coral physiologies of the two species were differentially affected by stressors and exposure duration was found to modulate these responses. Siderastrea siderea exhibited resistance to end of century pCO2 and temperature stress, but calcification was negatively affected by extreme pCO2. However, S. siderea calcification rates remained positive after 95 d of extreme pCO2 conditions, suggesting acclimation. In contrast, P. strigosa was more negatively influenced by elevated temperatures, which reduced most physiological parameters. An exception was nearshore P. strigosa, which maintained calcification rates under elevated temperature, suggesting local adaptation to the warmer environment of their natal reef zone. This work highlights how tracking coral physiology across various exposure durations can capture acclimatory responses to global change stressors.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effects of emulsifier, betaine, and L-carnitine on growth performance, immune response, gut morphology, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens exposed to cyclic heat stress
Creators: name: Yousefi, Jalal
name: Taherpour, Kamran
name: Ghasemi, Hossein Ali
name: Gharaei, Mohammad Akbari
name: Mohammadi, Yahya
name: Rostami, Farhad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: 1. This experiment investigated the efficiency of varying doses of an emulsifier blend (EB; 0 and 1 g/kg of diet), betaine (BT; 0 and 1 g/kg of diet) and L-carnitine (CT; 0 and 0.5 g/kg of diet) in broilers subjected to circular heat stress (HS) conditions. 2. A total of 1080 one-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to nine treatment groups (six pens/treatment with 20 birds/pen) in a completely randomised design. The thermoneutral control broiler chickens were housed at a comfortable temperature and fed a standard diet (no additives). The other 8 groups were exposed to cyclic HS conditions (34°C) for 8 h (10:00-18:00). 3. There were EB × BT × CT interactions for body weight (BW) at 24 d (P=0.038) and average daily gain (ADG) during the 10-24 d period (P=0.049), with the greatest values with concurrent supplementation of all three ingredients. 4. Inclusion of EB resulted in greater (P<0.05) BW, ADG, European performance index, uniformity rate, primary antibody titres against sheep red blood cells (SRBC), duodenal villus height (VH) and villus surface area, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter, crude protein and fat, but lower (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio. 5. Dietary BT supplementation improved (P<0.05) overall performance indicators, primary antibody titres against SRBC and Newcastle disease virus, serum total antioxidant capacity, duodenal VH, Jejunal VH/crypt depth, AID of dry matter and crude protein. The effect of dietary supplementation with CT was limited to an increase (P<0.05) in ADG (d 10-24) and a decrease (P<0.05) in serum malondialdehyde concentration (42 d) and jejunal crypt depth (42 d). 6. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of either EB or BT alone or in combination can ameliorate some of the detrimental effects of HS on growth performance, immunity and intestinal health in broilers, while a minor positive effect on performance and antioxidant status was observed with CT supplementation.
Managing a Firm's Cash Flow Recovery Strategy
Creators: name: Rajkumar, Aditya V.
name: Williams, Jeffrey R.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Traditional cash flow estimation techniques focus on generating net cash flow estimates period-by-period, which are then discounted by the firm’s cost of capital. While conceptually strong, this aggregation approach can be insensitive to the fine-grained detail so important to managing project cash flows, in particular, that investment returns are always a combination of growth (renewal) and decline (convergence) forces at work over the firm’s life. As is demonstrated in this paper, the aggregation problem can be addressed by employing a cash flow recovery period (CFRP) framework, which distinguishes and quantifies the renewal and convergence forces unique to each firm’s project cash flows. The benefit of this more fine-grained approach is that it provides an additional level of detail that can be used to manage firm returns.
Probing the Higgs Boson via VBF with Single Jet Tagging at the LHC
Creators: name: Kruse, Amanda
name: Cornell, Alan S.
name: Kumar, Mukesh
name: Mellado, Bruce
name: Ruan, Xifeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The signature produced by the Standard Model Higgs boson in the Vector Boson Fusion (VBF) mechanism is usually pinpointed by requiring two well separated hadronic jets, one of which (at least) of them tends to be in the forward direction. With the increase of instantaneous luminosity at the LHC, the isolation of the Higgs boson produced with the VBF mechanism is rendered more challenging. In this paper the feasibility of single jet tagging is explored in a high-luminosity scenario. It is demonstrated that the separation in rapidity between the tagging jet and the Higgs boson can be effectively used to isolate the VBF signal. This variable is robust from the experimental and QCD stand points. Single jet tagging allows us to probe the spin-CP quantum numbers of the Higgs boson.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
A combined multiscale finite element method based on the LOD technique for the multiscale elliptic problems with singularities
Creators: name: Zhang, Kuokuo
name: Deng, Weibing
name: Wu, Haijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34E13, 65N12, 65N30

description: In this paper, we construct a combined multiscale finite element method (MsFEM) using the Local Orthogonal Decomposition (LOD) technique to solve the multiscale problems which may have singularities in some special portions of the computational domain. For example, in the simulation of steady flow transporting through highly heterogeneous porous media driven by extraction wells, the singularities lie in the near-well regions. The basic idea of the combined method is to utilize the traditional finite element method (FEM) directly on a fine mesh of the problematic part of the domain and using the LOD-based MsFEM on a coarse mesh of the other part. The key point is how to define local correctors for the basis functions of the elements near the coarse and fine mesh interface, which require meticulous treatment. The proposed method takes advantages of the traditional FEM and the LOD-based MsFEM, which uses much less DOFs than the standard FEM and may be more accurate than the LOD-based MsFEM for problems with singularities. The error analysis is carried out for highly varying coefficients, without any assumptions on scale separation or periodicity. {Numerical examples with periodic and random highly oscillating coefficients}, as well as the multiscale problems on the L-shaped domain, and multiscale problems with high-contrast channels or well-singularities are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
description: 49 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables
Two offshore coral species show greater acclimatization capacity to environmental variation than nearshore counterparts in southern Belize
Creators: name: Carne, L.
name: Gutierrez, I.
name: Baumann, J.H.
name: Bove, C.B.
name: Castillo, K.D.
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Year: 2021

description: Coral reefs are enduring decline due to the intensifying impacts of anthropogenic global change. This widespread decline has resulted in increased efforts to identify resilient coral populations and develop novel restoration strategies. Paramount in these efforts is the need to understand how environmental variation and thermal history affect coral physiology and resilience. Here, we assess the acclimatization capacity of Siderastrea siderea and Pseudodiploria strigosa corals via a 17-month reciprocal transplant experiment between nearshore and offshore reefs on the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. These nearshore reefs are more turbid, eutrophic, warm, and thermally variable than offshore reefs. All corals exhibited some evidence of acclimatization after transplantation. Corals transplanted from nearshore to offshore calcified slower than in their native habitat, especially S. siderea corals which exhibited 60% mortality and little to no net growth over the duration of the 17-month study. Corals transplanted from offshore to nearshore calcified faster than in their native habitat with 96% survival. Higher host tissue δ15N in nearshore corals indicated that increased heterotrophic opportunity or nitrogen sources between nearshore and offshore reefs likely promoted elevated calcification rates nearshore and may facilitate adaptation in nearshore populations to such conditions over time. These results demonstrate that offshore populations of S. siderea and P. strigosa possess the acclimatization capacity to survive in warmer and more turbid nearshore conditions, but that local adaptation to native nearshore conditions may hinder the plasticity of nearshore populations, thereby limiting their utility in coral restoration activities outside of their native habitat in the short term.
Differences in innate fear behaviour in native Japanese chickens
Creators: name: Terashima, M.
name: Velasco, V. V.
name: Goto, N.
name: Tsudzuki, M.
name: Ishikawa, A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy

description: 1. Comprehensive knowledge of innate fear in chickens has important implications for understanding the adaptation of native Japanese chickens in modern production and behavioural changes caused by modern breeding goals. Innate fear behaviour seen in chicks from six native Japanese chicken breeds;, Ingie (IG), Nagoya (NAG), Oh-Shamo (OSM), Tosa-Jidori (TJI), Tosa-Kukin (TKU) and Ukokkei (UK), were compared with those in two lines of White Leghorn (WL-G and WL-T) in tonic immobility (TI) and open field (OF) tests. 2. TI and OF tests were conducted for 267 chicks at 0-1 days of age in the eight breeds. Raw data for four TI traits and 13 OF traits were corrected for environmental factors. Breed differences were analysed by the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Steel Dwass post hoc test. Principal component (PC) analyses were conducted. 3. The results showed that OSM was the least sensitive to fear in both the TI and OF tests. The WL-G birds showed higher sensitivity to TI fear but lower sensitivity to OF fear. The PC analysis of OF traits classified the tested breeds into three groups: least (OSM and WL-G), moderate (IG, WL-T, NAG, TJI and TKU) and most sensitive (UK).
Managing Soil Carbon
Creators: name: Lai, Rattan
name: Griffin, Michael
name: Apt, Jerome
name: Lave, Lester B.
name: M. Granger Morgan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Restoring soil carbon is essential to enhancing soil quality, sustaining and improving food production, maintaining clean water,and reducing increases in atmospheric CO2. Short-sighted farming practices have resulted in loss of an estimated 4 + 1 gigatons (Gt) of carbon from soils of the United States, and 78 + 12 Gt from the world's soils, a large fraction of which ended up in the atmosphere( 1). Soil carbon loss has come principally from plowing that turns over the soil, making it susceptible to accelerated erosion( 2). This is exemplified by the Dust Bowl era in the United States and is a serious issue in most developing countries
Data-Driven Optimal Closures for Mean-Cluster Models: Beyond the Classical Pair Approximation
Creators: name: Ahmadi, Avesta
name: Foster, Jamie M.
name: Protas, Bartosz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study concerns the mean-clustering approach to modelling the evolution of lattice dynamics. Instead of tracking the state of individual lattice sites, this approach describes the time evolution of the concentrations of different cluster types. It leads to an infinite hierarchy of ordinary differential equations which must be closed by truncation using a so-called closure condition. This condition approximates the concentrations of higher-order clusters in terms of the concentrations of lower-order ones. The pair approximation is the most common form of closure. Here, we consider its generalization, termed the "optimal approximation", which we calibrate using a robust data-driven strategy. To fix attention, we focus on a recently proposed structured lattice model for a nickel-based oxide, similar to that used as cathode material in modern commercial Li-ion batteries. The form of the obtained optimal approximation allows us to deduce a simple sparse closure model. In addition to being more accurate than the classical pair approximation, this ``sparse approximation'' is also physically interpretable which allows us to a posteriori refine the hypotheses underlying construction of this class of closure models. Moreover, the mean-cluster model closed with this sparse approximation is linear and hence analytically solvable such that its parametrization is straightforward. On the other hand, parametrization of the mean-cluster model closed with the pair approximation is shown to lead to an ill-posed inverse problem.
description: 46 pages, 14 figures
High resolution spatiotemporal patterns of seawater temperatures across the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef
Creators: name: Castillo, K.D.
name: Fieseler, C.
name: Leichter, J.J.
name: Helmuth, B.
name: Jones, S.
name: Rotjan, R.D.
name: Choi, F.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2020

description: Coral reefs are under increasingly severe threat from climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. Anomalously high seawater temperatures in particular are known to cause coral bleaching (loss of algal symbionts in the family Symbiodiniaceae), which frequently leads to coral mortality. Remote sensing of sea surface temperature (SST) has served as an invaluable tool for monitoring physical conditions that can lead to bleaching events over relatively large scales (e.g. few kms to 100 s of kms). But, it is also well known that seawater temperatures within a site can vary significantly across depths due to the combined influence of solar heating of surface waters, water column thermal stratification, and cooling from internal waves and upwelling. We deployed small autonomous benthic temperature sensors at depths ranging from 0–40 m in fore reef, back reef, and lagoonal reef habitats on the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System from 2000–2019. These data can be used to calculate depth-specific climatologies across reef depths and sites, and emphasize the dynamic and spatially-variable nature of coral reef physical environments.
Phegea 51-3.Borkhausenia nefrax (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae: Oecophorini), nieuw voor de Belgische fauna
Creators: name: Steeman, Chris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310913
subject: Invertebrate biology

description: On 11 November 2021 in Lokeren in the province of East Flanders, the first specimen of Borkhausenia nefrax Hodges, 1974 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) for Belgium was identified on external characteristics. Its distribution, biology, and characteristics are discussed. This species is mentioned here for the first time from Belgium.
Inklusive Kindertagesstätten im Kanton Thurgau. Quantitative Befragung der Eltern von Kindern mit Beeinträchtigung nach ihrem Bedarf und ihren Qualitätsansprüchen
Creators: name: Stäheli-Engel, Daniela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit
Heilpädagogische Früherziehung
inklusive Betreuungsplätze
Kanton Thurgau

description: Bei der Arbeit in der Heilpädagogischen Früherziehung und im Austausch mit betroffenen Eltern wird deutlich, wie belastet viele Familien mit einem Vorschulkind mit Beeinträchtigung sind und dass es kaum passende Angebote für Entlastungsmöglichkeiten in der Nähe des Wohnortes gibt. Anhand einer quantitativen Befragung bei Thurgauer Eltern von Kindern im Alter von null bis sechs Jahren mit einer Beeinträchtigung werden der Bedarf an inklusiven Betreuungsplätzen im Kanton Thurgau sowie Qualitätsansprüche an Kindertagesstätten eruiert. Die Ergebnisse der Befragung zeigen, dass eine Mehrheit der Befragten ihr Kind in einer Kindertagesstätte anmelden würde, wenn diese über ein hohes qualitatives Profil verfügt. Die wichtigsten Qualitätskriterien sind gut ausgebildetes und genügend Personal sowie ein enger Elternkontakt. Zudem spielt die Finanzierbarkeit eine massgebliche Rolle.
Patterns of environmental variability influence coral-associated bacterial and algal communities on the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef
Creators: name:  Davies, S.W.
name:  Balmonte, J.P.
name:  Speare, L.
name:  Castillo, K.D.
name:  Baumann, J.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2020

description: A coral's capacity to alter its microbial symbionts may enhance its fitness in the face of climate change. Recent work predicts exposure to high environmental variability may increase coral resilience and adaptability to future climate conditions. However, how this heightened environmental variability impacts coral-associated microbial communities remains largely unexplored. Here, we examined the bacterial and algal symbionts associated with two coral species of the genus Siderastrea with distinct life history strategies from three reef sites on the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System with low or high environmental variability. Our results reveal bacterial community structure, as well as alpha- and beta-diversity patterns, vary by host species. Differences in bacterial communities between host species were partially explained by high abundance of Deltaproteobacteria and Rhodospirillales and high bacterial diversity in Siderastrea radians. Our findings also suggest Siderastrea spp. have dynamic core bacterial communities that likely drive differences observed in the entire bacterial community, which may play a critical role in rapid acclimatization to environmental change. Unlike the bacterial community, Symbiodiniaceae composition was only distinct between host species at high thermal variability sites, suggesting that different factors shape bacterial versus algal communities within the coral holobiont. Our findings shed light on how domain-specific shifts in dynamic microbiomes may allow for unique methods of enhanced host fitness.
Heterogeneity of cells may explain allometric scaling of metabolic rate
Creators: name: Takemoto, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of allometric scaling of metabolic rate is a long-standing question in biology. Several models have been proposed for explaining the origin; however, they have advantages and disadvantages. In particular, previous models only demonstrate either two important observations for the allometric scaling: the variability of scaling exponents and predominance of 3/4-power law. Thus, these models have a dispute over their validity. In this study, we propose a simple geometry model, and show that a hypothesis that total surface area of cells determines metabolic rate can reproduce these two observations by combining two concepts: the impact of cell sizes on metabolic rate and fractal-like (hierarchical) organization. The proposed model both theoretically and numerically demonstrates the approximately 3/4-power law although several different biological strategies are considered. The model validity is confirmed using empirical data. Furthermore, the model suggests the importance of heterogeneity of cell size for the emergence of the allometric scaling. The proposed model provides intuitive and unique insights into the origin of allometric scaling laws in biology, despite several limitations of the model.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
An absolute $ν$ mass measurement with the DUNE experiment
Creators: name: Pompa, Federica
name: Capozzi, Francesco
name: Mena, Olga
name: Sorel, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time of flight delay in the supernova neutrino signal offers a unique tool to set model-independent constraints on the absolute neutrino mass. The presence of a sharp time structure during a first emission phase, the so-called neutronization burst in the electron neutrino flavor time distribution, makes this channel a very powerful one. Large liquid argon underground detectors will provide precision measurements of the time dependence of the electron neutrino fluxes. We derive here a new $ν$ mass sensitivity attainable at the future DUNE far detector from a future supernova collapse in our galactic neighborhood, finding a sub-eV reach under favorable scenarios. These values are competitive with those expected for laboratory direct neutrino mass searches.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Eukaryotic plankton communities across reef environments in Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panamá
Creators: name: Wright, R.M.
name: Buie, L.K.
name: Aichelman, H.E.
name: Rodas, A.M.
name: Castillo, K.D.
name: Davies, S.W.
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Year: 2020

description: Variation in light and temperature can influence the genetic diversity and structure of marine plankton communities. While open-ocean plankton communities receive much scientific attention, little is known about how environmental variation affects plankton communities on tropical coral reefs. Here, we characterize eukaryotic plankton communities on coral reefs across the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panamá. Temperature loggers were deployed, and midday light levels were measured to quantify environmental differences across reefs at four inshore and four offshore sites (Inshore = Punta Donato, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) Point, Cristobal, Punta Laurel and Offshore = Drago Mar, Bastimentos North, Bastimentos South, and Cayo de Agua). Triplicate vertical plankton tows were collected midday, and high-throughput 18S ribosomal DNA metabarcoding was leveraged to investigate the relationship between eukaryotic plankton community structure and inshore/offshore reef environments. Plankton communities from STRI Point were additionally characterized in the morning (~ 08:00), midday (~ 12:00), and late-day (~ 16:00) to quantify temporal variation within a single site. We found that inshore reefs experienced higher average seawater temperatures, while offshore sites offered higher light levels, presumably associated with reduced water turbidity on reefs further from shore. These significant environmental differences between inshore and offshore reefs corresponded with overall plankton community differences. We also found that temporal variation played a structuring role within these plankton communities, and conclude that time of community sampling is an important consideration for future studies. Follow-up studies focusing on more intensive sampling efforts across space and time, coupled with techniques that can detect more subtle genetic differences between and within communities will more fully capture plankton dynamics in this region and beyond.
Borkhausenia nefrax (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae: Oecophorini), nieuw voor de Belgische fauna
Creators: name: Steeman, Chris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310913
subject: Invertebrate biology

description: On 11 November 2021 in Lokeren in the province of East Flanders, the first specimen of Borkhausenia nefrax Hodges, 1974 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) for Belgium was identified on external characteristics. Its distribution, biology, and characteristics are discussed. This species is mentioned here for the first time from Belgium.
Gaussian quantum estimation of the lossy parameter in a thermal environment
Creators: name: Jonsson, Robert
name: Di Candia, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lossy bosonic channels play an important role in a number of quantum information tasks, since they well approximate thermal dissipation in an experiment. Here, we characterize their metrological power in the idler-free and entanglement-assisted cases, using respectively single- and two-mode Gaussian states as probes. In the problem of estimating the lossy parameter, we study the energy-constrained quantum Fisher information (QFI) for generic temperature and lossy parameter regimes, showing qualitative behaviours of the optimal probes. We show semi-analytically that the two-mode squeezed-vacuum state optimizes the QFI for any value of the lossy parameter and temperature. We discuss the optimization of the {\it total} QFI, where the number of probes is allowed to vary by keeping the total energy-constrained. In this context, we elucidate the role of the "shadow-effect" for reaching a quantum advantage. We also consider a photon-number normalization for the environment, widely used in the analysis of quantum illumination and quantum reading protocols. With this normalization, we prove that the large bandwidth TMSV state is the optimal probe for any parameter value. Here, the quantum advantage is of at most a factor of $2$, and is reached in the bright environment case for {\it any} lossy parameter values. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for quantum illumination and quantum reading applications.
Spin-Statistics Connection for Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Bennett, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-statistics connection has been proved for nonrelativistic quantum mechanics (Jabs, A., 2010: Found. Phys., {\bf 40}, 776-792). The proof is extended here to the relativistic regime using the parametrized Dirac equation. A causality condition is not required.
description: Revised version of Found. Phys.,{\bf 45},370-381 (2015)
Managing Wind-based Electricity Generation in the Presence of Storage and Transmission Capacity
Creators: name: Yangfang  Zhou
name: Wolf, Alan
name: Secomandi, Nicola
name: Smith, Stephen
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Managing power generation from wind is conceptually straightforward: generate and sell as much electricity as possible when prices are positive, and do nothing otherwise. However, this strategy leads to curtailment when wind energy exceeds the transmission capacity or when prices are negative, and possible revenue dilution when current prices are low but are expected to increase in the future. Electricity storage provides a means to alleviate these problems, and also enables the purchase of electricity from the market for later resale. But the presence of storage and transmission capacity complicates the management of electricity generation from wind. Much is unknown about the management of such a generation plus storage and transmission system, for instance, how complex the optimal management of such a system is, how valuable storage is, and how relevant it is to include different factors—such as negative prices, the buying option, and future information. We answer these questions by developing and analyzing a Markov decision process model of this system.
Eigenmodes of trapped horizontal oscillations in accretion disks
Creators: name: Khanna, S.
name: Strzelecka, Z.
name: Mishra, B.
name: Kluzniak, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of trapped acoustic-inertial oscillations of thin accretion disks for a Schwarzschild black hole and a rapidly rotating Newtonian star (a Maclaurin spheroid). The results are derived in the formalism of Nowak and Wagoner (1991) with the assumption that the oscillatory motion is parallel to the midplane of the disk. The first four radial modes for each of five azimuthal modes $m = 0$ through $m = 4$ are presented. The frequencies and wavefunctions of the lowest modes may be accurately approximated by the Airy function.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, To appear in the Proceedings of Ragtime 14/15/16
The eccentric millisecond pulsar, PSR J0955$-$6150 I: Pulse profile analysis, mass measurements and constraints on binary evolution
Creators: name: Serylak, M.
name: Krishnan, V. Venkatraman
name: Freire, P. C. C.
name: Tauris, T. M.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Geyer, M.
name: Parthasarathy, A.
name: Bailes, M.
name: Bernadich, M. C. i
name: Buchner, S.
name: Burgay, M.
name: Camilo, F.
name: Karastergiou, A.
name: Lower, M. E.
name: Possenti, A.
name: Reardon, D. J.
name: Shannon, R. M.
name: Spiewak, R.
name: Stairs, I. H.
name: van Straten, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PSR J0955$-$6150 is a member of a class of eccentric MSP+He WD systems (eMSPs), whose binary evolution is poorly understood and believed to be different to that of traditional MSP+He WD systems. Measuring the masses of the stars in this system is important for testing hypotheses for the formation of eMSPs. We have carried out observations of this pulsar with the Parkes and MeerKAT radio telescopes. Our observations reveal a strong frequency evolution of this pulsar's intensity, with a spectral index ($α$) of $-3.13(2)$. The sensitivity of MeerKAT has resulted in a $>10$-fold improvement in the timing precision compared to older Parkes observations. Combined with the 8-year timing baseline, it has allowed precise measurements of a proper motion and three orbital "post-Keplerian" parameters: the rate of advance of periastron, $\dotω = 0.00152(1) \, {\rm deg} \, yr^{-1}$ and the orthometric Shapiro delay parameters, $h_3 = 0.89(7) \, μ$s and $ς= 0.88(2)$. Assuming general relativity, we obtain $M_{p} = 1.71(2) \, M_{\odot}$ for the mass of the pulsar and $M_{c} = 0.254(2) \, M_{\odot}$ for the mass of the companion; the orbital inclination is 83.2(4) degrees. We find that the spin axis has a misalignment relative to the orbital angular momentum of $> 4.8$ degrees at 99% CI. While the value of $M_{\rm p}$ falls within the wide range observed in eMSPs, $M_{\rm c}$ is significantly smaller than expected, allowing several formation hypotheses being ruled out. $M_{\rm c}$ is also significantly different from the expected value for an ideal low mass X-ray binary evolution scenario. The putative misalignment between the spin axis of the pulsar and the orbital angular momentum suggests that the unknown process that created the orbital eccentricity of the binary was also capable of changing its orbital orientation, an important evidence for understanding the origin of eMSPs.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication by the A&A
Social cohesion and loneliness are associated with the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination
Creators: name: GALLAGHER, STEPHEN
name: Howard, Siobhan
name: MULDOON, ORLA
name: Whittaker, Anna C.
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Background: Recent research has suggested that psychosocial factors influence the antibody response to vaccine, including SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccines. Here we investigated whether social cohesion and loneliness were predictive of antibody response to a single dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. We also tested if the association between social cohesion and antibody response was mediated by feelings of loneliness. Methods: Participants (N = 676) COVID-19 antibody data were extracted from March 2021 wave of the Understanding Society COVID-19 study from the UK. Relevant socio-demographics, health and lifestyle, loneliness, social cohesion indices were also used in a series of hierarchical linear regression to test our main hypotheses. Results: After controlling for covariates (e.g., age and chronic health conditions), lower social cohesion was associated with a lower antibody response. Further, the association between social cohesion and poorer antibody responses was mediated by loneliness; those reporting lower social cohesion also reported higher loneliness, which in turn was associated with lower antibody response. Conclusion: This study confirms that feelings of ‘being in it together’ relate to the strength of the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination, emphasising the importance of the social cohesion agenda during the pandemic.
Mastering Your 70% Zone: The Strategy of Long Term Advantage
Creators: name: Williams, Jeffrey R.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Shifting energy forward more effectively than your rivals and gaining advanced commitments to the future is the ultimate responsibility of strategy. Here are four steps that can help to identify, early on, and secure commitment to, those decisive initiatives that shape a company’s future.
Parametric exploration of zero-energy modes in three-terminal InSb-Al nanowire devices
Creators: name: Wang, Ji-Yin
name: van Loo, Nick
name: Mazur, Grzegorz P.
name: Levajac, Vukan
name: Malinowski, Filip K.
name: Lemang, Mathilde
name: Borsoi, Francesco
name: Badawy, Ghada
name: Gazibegovic, Sasa
name: Bakkers, Erik P. A. M.
name: Quintero-Perez, Marina
name: Heedt, Sebastian
name: Kouwenhoven, Leo P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically study three-terminal InSb-Al nanowire devices by using radio-frequency reflectometry. Tunneling spectroscopy measurements on both ends of the hybrid nanowires are performed while systematically varying the chemical potential, magnetic field and junction transparencies. Identifying the lowest-energy state allows for the construction of lowest- and zero-energy state diagrams, which show how the states evolve as a function of the aforementioned parameters. Importantly, comparing the diagrams taken for each end of the hybrids enables the identification of states which do not coexist simultaneously, ruling out a significant amount of the parameter space as candidates for a topological phase. Furthermore, altering junction transparencies filters out zero-energy states sensitive to a local gate potential. Such a measurement strategy significantly reduces the time necessary to identify a potential topological phase and minimizes the risk of falsely recognizing trivial bound states as Majorana zero modes.
description: Main text: 12 pages, 9 figures. SupplementaryMaterials: 12 pages, 14 figures
Markets for Financial Information
Creators: name: Spatt, Chester
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Information production and access to information play a central role in our financial markets and arguably serves as the lifeblood of the capital markets due to its key role in the pricing of financial assets. Markets for financial information underlie many functions of financial institutions as well as a diverse range of regulatory issues. Much of our securities law focuses upon the timely disclosure of information that is viewed as valuation relevant, including earnings announcements and the trades of corporate insiders.1 Indeed, a range of types of analysts focus upon interpreting and evaluating regulatory-mandated disclosures that the market views as valuation relevant. Of course, the financial market crisis, itself, has shined additional attention on a number of aspects related to information in the marketplace, and especially upon the role of credit-rating agencies. More broadly, the price declines that developed during the crisis reflect information that had not been emphasized previously by market participants and consequently, strengthened the interest in markets for financial information and related institutions.
Collisional family structure within the Nysa-Polana complex
Creators: name: Dykhuis, Melissa
name: Greenberg, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nysa-Polana complex is a group of low-inclination asteroid families in the inner main belt, bounded in semimajor axis by the Mars-crossing region and the Jupiter 3:1 mean-motion resonance. This group is important as the most likely source region for the target of the OSIRIS-REx mission, (101955) Bennu; however, family membership in the region is complicated by the presence of several dynamically overlapping families with a range of surface properties. The large S-type structure in the region appears to be associated with the parent body (135) Hertha, and displays an ($e_\text{P},a_\text{P}$) correlation consistent with a collision event near true anomaly of ~180 degrees with ejecta velocity $v_\text{ej} \sim 285$ m/s. The ejecta distribution from a collision with these orbital properties is predicted to have a maximum semimajor axis dispersion of $δa_{ej} = 0.005 \pm 0.008$ AU, which constitutes only a small fraction (7\%) of the observed semimajor axis dispersion, the rest of which is attributed to the Yarkovsky effect. The age of the family is inferred from the Yarkovsky dispersion to be $300^{+60}_{-50}$ My. Objects in a smaller cluster that overlaps the large Hertha family in proper orbital element space have reflectance properties more consistent with the X-type (135) Hertha than the surrounding S-type family. These objects form a distinct Yarkovsky "V" signature in ($a_\text{P},H$) space, consistent with a more recent collision, apparently also dynamically connected to (135) Hertha. The Nysa-Polana complex also contains a low-albedo family associated with (142) Polana (called "New Polana" by Walsh et al. 2013), and two other low-albedo families associated with (495) Eulalia. The second Eulalia family may be a high-$a_\text{P}$, low-$e_\text{P}$, low-$i_\text{P}$ component of the first Eulalia family-forming collision, possibly explained by an anisotropic ejection field.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures, accepted to Icarus
First 3D Radiation-Hydrodynamic Simulations of Wolf-Rayet Winds
Creators: name: Moens, N.
name: Poniatowski, L. G.
name: Hennicker, L.
name: Sundqvist, J. O.
name: Mellah, I. El
name: Kee, N. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical Wolf Rayet (WR) stars are direct supernova progenitors undergoing vigorous mass-loss. Understanding the dense and fast outflows of such WR stars is thus crucial for understanding advanced stages of stellar evolution, the dynamical feedback of massive stars on their environments, and characterizing the distribution of black hole masses. In this paper, we develop first time-dependent, multi-dimensional, radiation-hydrodynamical models of the extended optically thick atmospheres and wind outflows of hydrogen-free classical WR stars. A flux limiting radiation hydrodynamics approach is used on a finite volume mesh to model WR outflows. The opacities are described using a combination of tabulated Rosseland mean opacities and the enhanced line opacities expected within a supersonic flow. For high-luminosity models, a radiation-driven, dense, supersonic wind is launched from deep sub-surface regions associated with peaks in the Rosseland mean opacity. For a model with lower luminosity, on the other hand, the Rosseland mean opacity is not sufficient to sustain a net-radial outflow in the sub-surface regions. Rather, what develops in this case is a "standard" line-driven wind launched from the optically thin regions above an extended and highly turbulent atmosphere. We thus find here a natural transition from optically thick outflows of classical WR stars to optically thin winds of hot, compact sub-dwarfs; in our simulations this transition occurs approximately at a luminosity that is about 40% of the Eddington luminosity. Because of the changing character of the wind-launching mechanism, this transition is also accompanied by a large drop (on the low-luminosity end) in average mass-loss rate.
description: 22 pages, 22 figures, Accepted and in publication by A&A
Phegea 51-3.Hellula undalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Glaphyriinae), nieuw voor de Belgische fauna
Creators: name: Steeman, Chris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310913
subject: Invertebrate biology

description: On August 1, 2019, the first specimen of Hellula undalis (Fabricius, 1781) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (old world webworm) for Belgium was photographed in Muizen (Province Antwerp), leg. G. Verbeylen. Further observations were not made until 2022, when three observations were suddenly made in that year; these are discussed along with crop damage and biology. This species is mentioned here for the first time for the Belgian fauna.
Topic Level Disambiguation for Weak Queries
Creators: name: Zhang, Hui
name: Yang, Kiduk
name: Jacob, Elin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite limited success, information retrieval (IR) systems today are not intelligent or reliable. IR systems return poor search results when users formulate their information needs into incomplete or ambiguous queries (i.e., weak queries). Therefore, one of the main challenges in modern IR research is to provide consistent results across all queries by improving the performance on weak queries. However, existing IR approaches such as query expansion are not overly effective because they make little effort to analyze and exploit the meanings of the queries. Furthermore, word sense disambiguation approaches, which rely on textual context, are ineffective against weak queries that are typically short. Motivated by the demand for a robust IR system that can consistently provide highly accurate results, the proposed study implemented a novel topic detection that leveraged both the language model and structural knowledge of Wikipedia and systematically evaluated the effect of query disambiguation and topic-based retrieval approaches on TREC collections. The results not only confirm the effectiveness of the proposed topic detection and topic-based retrieval approaches but also demonstrate that query disambiguation does not improve IR as expected.
Common Caribbean corals exhibit highly variable responses to future acidification and warming
Creators: name: Davies, S.W.
name: Umbanhowar, J.
name: Westfield, I.T.
name: Castillo, K.D.
name: Ries, J.B.
name: Bove, C.B.
Publisher: name: Royal Society Publishing
Year: 2019

description: We conducted a 93-day experiment investigating the independent and combined effects of acidification (28023300 matm pCO2) and warming (288C and 318C) on calcification and linear extension rates of four key Caribbean coral species (Siderastrea siderea, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Porites astreoides, Undaria tenuifolia) from inshore and offshore reefs on the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. All species exhibited nonlinear declines in calcification rate with increasing pCO2.Warming only reduced calcification in Ps. strigosa. Of the species tested, only S. siderea maintained positive calcification in the aragonite-undersaturated treatment. Temperature and pCO2 had no effect on the linear extension of S. siderea and Po. astreoides, and natal reef environment did not impact any parameter examined. Results suggest that S. siderea is the most resilient of these corals to warming and acidification owing to its ability to maintain positive calcification in all treatments, Ps. strigosa and U. tenuifolia are the least resilient, and Po. astreoides falls in the middle. These results highlight the diversity of calcification responses of Caribbean corals to projected global change.
Nearshore coral growth declining on the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System
Creators: name: Castillo, K.D.
name: Rippe, J.P.
name: Baumann, J.H.
name: Courtney, T.A.
name: Aichelman, H.E.
name: Ries, J.B.
name: Westfield, I.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2019

description: Anthropogenic global change and local stressors are impacting coral growth and survival worldwide, altering the structure and function of coral reef ecosystems. Here, we show that skeletal extension rates of nearshore colonies of two abundant and widespread Caribbean corals (Siderastrea siderea, Pseudodiploria strigosa) declined across the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS) over the past century, while offshore coral conspecifics exhibited relatively stable extension rates over the same temporal interval. This decline has caused nearshore coral extension rates to converge with those of their historically slower growing offshore coral counterparts. For both species, individual mass coral bleaching events were correlated with low rates of skeletal extension within specific reef environments, but no single bleaching event was correlated with low skeletal extension rates across all reef environments. We postulate that the decline in skeletal extension rates for nearshore corals is driven primarily by the combined effects of long-term ocean warming and increasing exposure to higher levels of land-based anthropogenic stressors, with acute thermally induced bleaching events playing a lesser role. If these declining trends in skeletal growth of nearshore S. siderea and P. strigosa continue into the future, the structure and function of these critical nearshore MBRS coral reef systems is likely to be severely impaired.