cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
P9. Assessing the Impact of Digital POWRR Digital Preservation Institutes
Creators: name: Erdman, Stacey
name: Schumacher, Jaime
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: ipres2018
subject: Poster

description: The Digital POWRR Project began in 2012 as an Institute of Museum and Library Services(IMLS) funded study to explore the creation of pragmatic digital preservation solutions at under-funded and smaller institutions. The proposed poster will outline the third phase of the Digital POWRR project, providing an overview of the curriculum, as well as provide an interpretive analysis of all the crucial evaluative data gathered thus far. Participants completed comprehensive evaluations at Institute events, and were also contacted for follow-ups at predefined intervals following their attendance. Institute attendees also created their own self-assessment document called the POWRR Plan that allowed them to put the knowledge gained at the Institute towards planning a discrete and achievable preservation project at their place of employment. Institute instructors are able to assess progress on individual POWRR Plans as well, provided that attendees continue populating their plans.
Total synthesis of belizentrin methyl ester: the polyhydroxylated sidechain
Creators: name: Größl, Sylvester
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Naturstoffsynthese
subject: Totalsynthese
subject: Belinzentrin
subject: Naturstoff
subject: Neurotoxin
subject: Kohlenhydrate
subject: Wittig-Olefinierung
subject: Sharpless-Dihydroxylierung
subject: 540
subject: Naturstoffchemie
subject: Synthese

description: Herein, the first concise total synthesis of belizentrin methyl ester as a stable derivative of the natural product is described. Belizentrin was isolated as a structurally complex secondary metabolite from the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum belizeanum. This polyketide is a potent neurotoxin decorated with 16 stereocentres in total, comprising of a polyunsaturated macrocyclic core structure and a polyhydroxylated sugar-based sidechain. Key steps of the synthesis of the western polyhydroxylated sidechain enclosed an E-selective Wittig olefination and a Sharpless dihydroxylation aiming for the central all-syn-triol motif. The route towards its C-glucosidic core involved the preparation of a highly enolizable phosphorus ylide which could only be obtained after P-alkylation of the corresponding bromo ketone in benzene glass. The western belizentrin fragment was obtained in 17 steps (LLS) with an overall yield of 3-5% starting from the commercially available amino acid L-glutamic acid and the per-Oacetyl derivative of alpha-D-glucose. The final coupling of the western and eastern belizentrin counterparts was finally achieved via the Kocienski modification of the Julia olefination after transmetallation to zinc regarding the vulnerability of the highly base-sensitive polyene motif.
Radiation Sensitivity in a Preclinical Mouse Model of Medulloblastoma Relies on the Function of the Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
Creators: name: Fang, Fang
name: Deal, Allison M.
name: Wu, Jaclyn
name: Chang, Sha X.
name: Yuan, Hong
name: Gershon, Timothy R.
name: Meidinger, Jessica
name: Davis, Ian
name: Crowther, Andrew J.
name: Schmid, Ralf
name: Ocasio, Jennifer K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: While treatments that induce DNA damage are commonly used as anti-cancer therapies, the mechanisms through which DNA damage produces a therapeutic response are incompletely understood. Here we have tested whether medulloblastomas must be competent for apoptosis to be sensitive to radiation therapy. Whether apoptosis is required for radiation sensitivity has been controversial. Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children, is a biologically heterogeneous set of tumors typically sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy; 80% of medulloblastoma patients survive long-term after treatment. We used functional genetic studies to determine if the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is required for radiation to produce a therapeutic response in mice with primary, Shh-driven medulloblastoma. We found that cranial radiation extended the survival of medulloblastoma-bearing mice and induced widespread apoptosis. Expression analysis and conditional deletion studies showed that p53 was the predominant transcriptional regulator activated by radiation and was strictly required for treatment response. Deletion of Bax, which blocked apoptosis downstream of p53, was sufficient to render tumors radiation resistant. In apoptosis-incompetent, Bax-deleted tumors, radiation activated p53-dependent transcription without provoking cell death and caused two discrete populations to emerge. Most radiated tumor cells underwent terminal differentiation. Perivascular cells, however, quickly resumed proliferation despite p53 activation, behaved as stem cells, and rapidly drove recurrence. These data show that radiation must induce apoptosis in tumor stem cells to be effective. Mutations that disable the intrinsic apoptotic pathways are sufficient to impart radiation resistance. We suggest that medulloblastomas are typically sensitive to DNA-damaging therapies because they retain apoptosis competence.
Nonlinearity as a resource for nonclassicality in anharmonic systems
Creators: name: Albarelli, F.
name: Ferraro, A.
name: Paternostro, M.
name: Paris, M. G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonclassicality is a key ingredient for quantum enhanced technologies and experiments involving macro- scopic quantum coherence. Considering various exactly-solvable quantum-oscillator systems, we address the role played by the anharmonicity of their potential in the establishment of nonclassical features. Specifically, we show that a monotonic relation exists between the the entropic nonlinearity of the considered potentials and their ground state nonclassicality, as quantified by the negativity of the Wigner function. In addition, in order to clarify the role of squeezing--which is not captured by the negativity of the Wigner function--we focus on the Glauber-Sudarshan P-function and address the nonclassicality/nonlinearity relation using the entanglement potential. Finally, we consider the case of a generic sixth-order potential confirming the idea that nonlinearity is a resource for the generation of nonclassicality and may serve as a guideline for the engineering of quantum oscillators.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
Ubaldino Peruzzi a Pietro Thouar (25 agosto 1846)
Creators: name: Peruzzi, Ubaldino
name: Thouar, Pietro <1809-1861>
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Peruzzi, Ubaldino
Accademia dei Georgofili
Carteggio
Lettera
Thouar, Pietro
1846
Archivio storico
Correspondence
Letter

description: Lettera di Ubaldino Peruzzi a Pietro Thouar del 25 agosto 1846. Segnatura dell'unità documentale: Archivio storico dell'Accademia dei Georgofili, Carteggio, Busta 29, 2087. Natura: Manoscritto. Consistenza: cc. 2.
description: Digitalizzato come parte della Mostra virtuale: Ubaldino Peruzzi : un percorso in rete : in occasione del bicentenario della nascita. https://www.georgofili.it/contenuti/ubaldino-peruzzi-un-percorso-in-rete/17485
title: Correlation of peak skin dose with geometrical and dosimetric parameters from interventional procedures
Creators: name: Fitousi, Niki
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Angioplasty
subject: PACS
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Radiation physics
subject: Computer applications

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Interventional procedures are extensively used, nowadays, for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, these procedures involve the inherent risk of excess use of radiation. The quantity that mostly concernsresearchers lately is Peak Skin Dose...
Do People Prescribe (Over)Optimism?
Creators: name: Miller, Jane
name: Park, Inkyung
name: Smith, Andrew
name: Windschitl, Paul
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: accuracy
subject: bias
subject: estimation
subject: forecasting
subject: judgments
subject: optimism
subject: prediction

description: Past work has suggested that people prescribe optimism—believing it is better to be optimistic, instead of accurate or pessimistic, about uncertain future events. Here, we identified and addressed an important ambiguity about whether those findings reflect an endorsement of biased beliefs—i.e., whether people prescribe likelihood estimates that reflect overoptimism. In three studies, participants (total N = 663 U.S. university students) read scenarios about protagonists facing uncertain events with a desired outcome. Results replicated prescriptions of optimism when using the same solicitations as in past work. However, we found quite different prescriptions when using alternative solicitations that asked about potential bias in likelihood estimations and that did not involve vague terms like “optimistic.” Participants generally prescribed being optimistic, feeling optimistic, and even thinking optimistically about the events, but they did not prescribe overestimating the likelihood of those events.
title: Optimizing DCE-MRI parotid tumors prediction using random forest prediction models with and without deconvolution based-analysis
Creators: name: BOUSSEMART, Thomas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Ear / Nose / Throat
subject: Head and neck
subject: Oncology
subject: Experimental
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Physiological studies
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Parotid's tumors represent 3% of Ear, Nose, Throat tumors. World Health Organisation reports16 benignant types and 27 malignant types. Benignant tumors are four times more frequent than malignant tumor. Treatment depends on histologic subtypes. More...
An investigation of equilibration in small quantum systems: the example of a particle in a 1D random potential
Creators: name: Luck, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the equilibration of a small isolated quantum system by means of its matrix of asymptotic transition probabilities in a preferential basis. The trace of this matrix is shown to measure the degree of equilibration of the system launched from a typical state, from the standpoint of the chosen basis. This approach is substantiated by an in-depth study of the example of a tight-binding particle in one dimension. In the regime of free ballistic propagation, the above trace saturates to a finite limit, testifying good equilibration. In the presence of a random potential, the trace grows linearly with the system size, testifying poor equilibration in the insulating regime induced by Anderson localization. In the weak-disorder situation of most interest, a universal finite-size scaling law describes the crossover between the ballistic and localized regimes. The associated crossover exponent 2/3 is dictated by the anomalous band-edge scaling characterizing the most localized energy eigenstates.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
title: MRI BI-RADS: How to make it out?
Creators: name: Ben Ammar , Mohamed
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Cysts

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Learn how to report Breast MRI exams according to the last 2013 update of the BI-RADS lexicon Learn how to classify MRI findings using conventional and multiparametric MR imaging, based on a well-structured algorithm presented within the BI-RADS...
Rho GTPase Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Oncogenic Roles for Rho GTPase-Activating Proteins in Basal-like Breast Cancers
Creators: name: Lawson, Campbell D.
name: George, Samuel D.
name: Baker, Nicole M.
name: Perou, Charles M.
name: Burridge, Keith
name: Mitin, Natalia
name: Graham, David M.
name: Rossman, Kent L.
name: Der, Channing J.
name: Fan, Cheng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) subtype accounts for a disproportionately high percentage of overall breast cancer mortality. The current therapeutic options for BLBC need improvement; hence, elucidating signaling pathways that drive BLBC growth may identify novel targets for the development of effective therapies. Rho GTPases have previously been implicated in promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. These proteins are inactivated by Rho-selective GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs), which have generally been presumed to act as tumor suppressors. Surprisingly, RNA-Seq analysis of the Rho GTPase signaling transcriptome revealed high expression of several RhoGAP genes in BLBC tumors, raising the possibility that these genes may be oncogenic. To evaluate this, we examined the roles of two of these RhoGAPs, ArhGAP11A (also known as MP-GAP) and RacGAP1 (also known as MgcRacGAP), in promoting BLBC. Both proteins were highly expressed in human BLBC cell lines, and knockdown of either gene resulted in significant defects in the proliferation of these cells. Knockdown of ArhGAP11A caused CDKN1B/p27-mediated arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, whereas depletion of RacGAP1 inhibited growth through the combined effects of cytokinesis failure, CDKN1A/p21-mediated RB1 inhibition, and the onset of senescence. Random migration was suppressed or enhanced by the knockdown of ArhGAP11A or RacGAP1, respectively. Cell spreading and levels of GTP-bound RhoA were increased upon depletion of either GAP. We have established that, via the suppression of RhoA, ArhGAP11A and RacGAP1 are both critical drivers of BLBC growth, and propose that RhoGAPs can act as oncogenes in cancer.
title: Thoracic aorta measurements with 3D time resolved phase contrast imaging sequence: comparison with MR angiography.
Creators: name: Dubourg, Benjamin
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: MR-Angiography
subject: MR
subject: Vascular
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Cardiac
subject: Contrast agent-other
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Three-dimensional (3D) time-resolved phase contrast (PC) imaging (also named 4D Flow imaging) is a respiratory and ECG-gated 3D spatial and velocity encoding technique hybridizing conventional 2D and velocity encoding methods [1]. This technique...
Sexual Health Information on Social Media: A Systematic Scoping Review
Creators: name: Döring, Nicola
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Digital Media
subject: Facebook
subject: Instagram
subject: Media Content Analysis
subject: Pinterest
subject: Sexual Health
subject: Sexual Health Information Quality
subject: Sexual Health Information Topics
subject: Sexuality Education
subject: Sexual Rights
subject: Snapchat
subject: Social Media
subject: TikTok
subject: Twitch
subject: Twitter
subject: YouTube

description: It is the aim of this systematic scoping review to map the current state of research on sexual health information on social media with a specific focus on 1. different social media platforms, 2. different data collection methods, 3. inclusion of sexual health information quality assessment, 4. different sexual health information topics, 5. different target groups of sexual health information, and 6. different producers of sexual health information. A systematic scoping review will be conducted following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist. The following 3 electronic databases will be searched to identify published primary studies: (1) Medline, (2) PsycINFO, and (3) Scopus. The keywords to be included in the search strategy will be determined by the following 2 core concepts: (1) sexual health information and (2) social media platforms. The literature search will not be limited by year of publication and will include two languages (German, English). Both study selection and data extraction will be conducted by one reviewer and checked by an expert from the field.
RNA Sequencing Identifies Transcriptionally Viable Gene Fusions in Esophageal Adenocarcinomas
Creators: name: Chandar, Apoorva K.
name: Chak, Amitabh
name: Markowitz, Sanford D.
name: Ravi, Lakshmeswari
name: Wang, Jean S.
name: Willis, Joseph E.
name: Kieber-Emmons, Ann Marie
name: Guo, Yan
name: Canto, Marcia I.
name: Guda, Kishore
name: Shyr, Yu
name: Blum, Andrew E.
name: Iyer, Prasad G.
name: Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill S.
name: Shaheen, Nicholas J.
name: Venkitachalam, Srividya
name: Varadan, Vinay
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a deadly cancer with increasing incidence in the U.S., but mechanisms underlying pathogenesis are still mostly elusive. In addressing this question, we assessed gene-fusion landscapes by comprehensive RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of 55 pre-treatment EAC and 49 non-malignant biopsy tissues from patients undergoing endoscopy for Barrett’s esophagus. In this cohort, we identified 21 novel candidate EAC-associated fusions occurring in 3.33%-11.67% of EACs. Two candidate fusions were selected for validation by PCR and Sanger sequencing in an independent set of pre-treatment EAC (N=115) and non-malignant (N=183) biopsy tissues. In particular, we observed RPS6KB1–VMP1 gene fusion as a recurrent event occurring in ~10% of EAC cases. Notably, EAC cases harboring RPS6KB1–VMP1 fusions exhibited significantly poorer overall survival as compared to fusion-negative cases. Mechanistic investigations established that the RPS6KB1–VMP1 transcript coded for a fusion protein which significantly enhanced the growth rate of non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus cells. Compared to the wild-type VMP1 protein, which mediates normal cellular autophagy, RPS6KB1–VMP1 fusion exhibited aberrant subcellular localization and was relatively ineffective in triggering autophagy. Overall, our findings identified RPS6KB1–VMP1 as a genetic fusion that promotes EAC by modulating autophagy-related processes, offering new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinomas.
Automatic calibration of agent-based public transit assignment path choice to count data
Creators: name: Moyo Oliveros, Manuel
name: Nagel, Kai
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr
subject: transit assignment
subject: micro-simulation
subject: transit calibration
subject: multi-agent simulation

description: This work describes the calibration of a schedule-based transit assignment inside an iterative microscopic agent-based simulation. The calibration challenge implies that the behavioral rules should be modified in order to move the simulation closer to observed passenger counts. First, route choice set of agents is enriched with travel parameter utilities randomization. Secondly, the calibration interacts directly into the performance evaluation of individual daily plan of activities, so that the plan is also evaluated for its contribution to the count reproduction. In this way, appropriate plans from the calibration perspective can persist along simulation iterations. The Berlin public transport system with day-based counts is used as test scenario. The results show that the calibration approach can work with large scale scenarios, and that it is able to deal with the inter-temporal aspects implied by counts.
title: Radiological Appearances of Primary CNS Lymphoma: A Pictorial Review
Creators: name: Kafiabadi, Sina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Lymphoma
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CNS

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Pictorial review demonstrating typical and less common radiological features of primary CNS lymphoma to assist...
RPL23 Links Oncogenic RAS Signaling to p53-Mediated Tumor Suppression
Creators: name: Yang, Jing
name: Zhang, Yanping
name: Liu, Shijie
name: Tackmann, Nicole R.
name: Meng, Xuan
name: Wu, Congying
name: Dong, Jiahong
name: Cox, Adrienne D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The ribosomal protein (RP)-MDM2 interaction is a p53 response pathway critical for preventing oncogenic c-MYC-induced tumorigenesis. To investigate whether the RP-MDM2-p53 pathway is a broad anti-oncogenic mechanism, we crossed mice bearing an MDM2C305F mutation, which disrupts RPL11 binding to MDM2, with mice expressing an oncogenic HrasG12V transgene. Interestingly, the MDM2C305F mutant mice, which are hypersensitive to c-MYC-induced tumorigenesis, are not hypersensitive to oncogenic HrasG12V-induced tumorigenesis. Unlike c-MYC, which induces expression of RPL11, RAS overexpression leads to an increase in RPL23 mRNA and protein while RPL11 expression remains unchanged. The induction of RPL23 involves both MEK and PI3K signaling pathways and requires mTOR function. Increased expression of RPL23, which maintains binding to MDM2C305F mutant, correlates with increased p53 expression in MDM2C305F cells. Furthermore, RAS overexpression can induce p53 in the absence of p19ARF, and the induction can be abolished by down-regulation of RPL23. Thus, while the RPL11-MDM2-p53 pathway coordinates with the p19ARF-MDM2-p53 pathway against oncogenic c-MYC-induced tumorigenesis, the RPL23-MDM2-p53 pathway coordinates with the p19ARF-MDM2-p53 pathway against oncogenic RAS-induced tumorigenesis.
A new method to quantify the effects of baryons on the matter power spectrum
Creators: name: Schneider, Aurel
name: Teyssier, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future large-scale galaxy surveys have the potential to become leading probes for cosmology provided the influence of baryons on the total mass distribution is understood well enough. As hydrodynamical simulations strongly depend on details in the feedback implementations, no unique and robust predictions for baryonic effects currently exist. In this paper we propose a baryonic correction model that modifies the density field of dark-matter-only $N$-body simulations to mimic the effects of baryons from any underlying adopted feedback recipe. The model assumes haloes to consist of 4 components: 1- hot gas in hydrostatical equilibrium, 2- ejected gas from feedback processes, 3- central galaxy stars, and 4- adiabatically relaxed dark matter, which all modify the initial dark-matter-only density profiles. These altered profiles allow to define a displacement field for particles in $N$-body simulations and to modify the total density field accordingly. The main advantage of the baryonic correction model is to connect the total matter density field to the observable distribution of gas and stars in haloes, making it possible to parametrise baryonic effects on the matter power spectrum. We show that the most crucial quantities are the mass fraction of ejected gas and its corresponding ejection radius. The former controls how strongly baryons suppress the power spectrum, while the latter provides a measure of the scale where baryonic effects become important. A comparison with X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich cluster observations suggests that baryons suppress wave modes above $k\sim0.5$ h/Mpc with a maximum suppression of 10-25 percent around $k\sim 2$ h/Mpc. More detailed observations of the gas in the outskirts of groups and clusters are required to decrease the large uncertainties of these numbers.
description: published in JCAP
title: Интенсивное выращивание телят на мясо при снижении затрат на корма
Creators: name: Головань, Валентин Тимофеевич
name: Юрин, Денис Анатольевич
name: Кучерявенко, Алексей Викторович
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ КНЦЗВ
Year: 2022

description: Изучено выращивание бычков на мясо при замене части молочных кормов комбикор-мом-стартером. Бычки, при замене части молока комбикормом – стартером по сравнению со сверстниками в 5-месячном возрасте имели большие живую массу и среднесуточный при-рост, и меньшие затраты корма на 1 кг прироста. Телята, получавшие комбикорм–стартер, имели лучшее развитие кишечного тракта и всех отделов желудка более развитые внутрен-ние органы: почки, сердце, легкие и селезенку по сравнению со сверстниками, выращенными в основном на молоке. Замена 640 кг молока комбикормом-стартером у бычков уменьшила стоимость кормов на 37,72 % по сравнению со сверстниками в контрольной группе.
Utilization of palliative care consultation in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Delaney, Leanne
name: Englesakis, Marina
name: Fan, Eddy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Palliative Care
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Critical Care

description: This is the complete protocol for a scoping review on utilization of palliative care consultation in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. It includes background, review questions, and inclusion criteria which will outline types of participants, concept, and context. It will detail the methods that will be employed in the scoping review, including search strategy, study selection, data extraction, data analysis, and data presentation. It will include appendices that display initial Medline search strategy, and a sample data extraction form that will be used in the scoping review.
Ray mapping approach for the efficient design of continuous freeform surfaces
Creators: name: Bösel, Christoph
name: Gross, Herbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The efficient design of continuous freeform surfaces, which transform a given source into an arbitrary target intensity, remains a challenging problem. A popular approach are ray-mapping methods, where first a ray mapping between the intensities is calculated and in a subsequent step the surface is constructed. The challenging part hereby is the to find an integrable mapping ensuring a continuous surface. Based on the law of reflection/refraction and the well-known integrability condition, we derive a general condition for the surface and ray mapping for a collimated input beam. It is shown that in a small-angle approximation a proper mapping can be calculated via optimal mass transport. We show that the surface can be constructed by solving a linear advection equation with appropriate boundary conditions. The results imply that the optimal mass transport mapping is approximately integrable over a wide range of distances between the freeform and the target plane and offer an efficient way to construct the surface by solving standard integrals. The efficiency is demonstrated by applying it to two challenging design examples.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; Changes in version 2: title of the manuscript; added references in the introduction; improved examples in Fig.4; improvements of formulations in the abstract, introduction and conclusion
High resolution accessibility computations
Creators: name: Nicolai, Thomas W.
name: Nagel, Kai
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr
subject: accessibility
subject: transport network
subject: traffic congestion

description: The goals of this chapter are accordingly: to define an accessibility measure for each point of the region; to clarify how access to and egress from the transport network are handled; for grid-based computations, to clarify the effect of different spatial resolutions; to consider computational performance issues; to perform illustrative sensitivity studies in a real-world setting including the effect of traffic congestion. Section 4.2 describes in detail how this accessibility measurement is implemented. Section 4.3 describes a real-world scenario to which the approach was applied. Section 4.4 presents results of this application, in particular with respect to spatial resolution and computing times. The chapter ends with a discussion and conclusions in sections 4.5 and 4.6.
title: True low dose 18F-FDG PET of the brain
Creators: name: Fällmar, David
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear medicine
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: PET
subject: PET-CT
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Dementia

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Dosage of 18 F-FDG is adapted for achieving adequate image quality for clinical diagnostics or quantitative information. For younger patients and healthy research controls, it is highly desired to reduce the radiation dose [1]. The purpose of this...
title: Cardiological pericardium covered stent to treat extracardiac hemorrhagic emergencies
Creators: name: Corti, Riccardo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Emergency
subject: Vascular
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Stents
subject: Embolisation
subject: Acute
subject: Haemorrhage

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Percutaneous transcatheter embolization is a widely practiced method of minimally invasivetherapeutic vascular occlusion that has been successfully applied to arrest hemorrhagies. Percutaneous transcatheter embolization is defined as the...
Chemosensitivity of IDH1-Mutated Gliomas Due to an Impairment in PARP1-Mediated DNA Repair
Creators: name: Gilbert, Mark R.
name: Bautista, Wendy
name: Frady, Lauren N.
name: Yang, Chunzhang
name: Wu, Jing
name: Tech, Katherine
name: MacDonald, Jeffrey
name: Ewend, Matthew G.
name: Moon, Seog In
name: Su, Yu-Ting
name: Lu, Yanxin
name: Liu, Yang
name: Kwintkiewicz, Jakub
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) are the most prevalent genetic abnormalities in lower grade gliomas. The presence of these mutations in glioma is prognostic for better clinical outcomes with longer patient survival. In the present study, we found that defects in oxidative metabolism and 2-HG production confer chemosensitization in IDH1-mutated glioma cells. In addition, temozolomide (TMZ) treatment induced greater DNA damage and apoptotic changes in mutant glioma cells. The PARP1-associated DNA repair pathway was extensively compromised in mutant cells due to decreased NAD+ availability. Targeting the PARP DNA repair pathway extensively sensitized IDH1-mutated glioma cells to TMZ. Our findings demonstrate a novel molecular mechanism that defines chemosensitivity in IDH-mutated gliomas. Targeting PARP-associated DNA repair may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for gliomas.
How many principles does it take to change a light bulb ... into a laser?
Creators: name: Wiseman, Howard M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum optics did not, and could not, flourish without the laser. The present paper is not about the principles of laser construction, still less a history of how the laser was invented. Rather, it addresses the question: what are the fundamental features that distinguish laser light from thermal light? The obvious answer, "laser light is coherent", is, I argue, so vague that it must be put aside at the start, albeit to revisit later. A more specific, quantum theoretic, version, "laser light is in a coherent state", is simply wrong in this context: both laser light and thermal light can equally well be described by coherent states, with amplitudes that vary stochastically in space. Instead, my answer to the titular question is that four principles are needed: high directionality, monochromaticity, high brightness, and stable intensity. Combining the first three of these principles suffices to show, in a quantitative way --- involving, indeed, very large dimensionless quantities (up to $\sim10^{51}$) --- that a laser must be constructed very differently from a light bulb. This quantitative analysis is quite simple, and is easily relatable to "coherence", yet is not to be found in any text-books on quantum optics to my knowledge. The fourth principle is the most subtle and, perhaps surprisingly, is the only one related to coherent states in the quantum optics sense: it implies that the description in terms of coherent states is the only simple description of a laser beam. Interestingly, this leads to the (not, as it turns out, entirely new) prediction that narrowly filtered laser beams are indistinguishable from similarly filtered thermal beams. I hope that other educators find this material useful, it may contain surprises even for researchers who have been in the field longer than I have.
description: 20 pages, invited submission to "Focus issue on Quantum Optics in the International Year of Light" of Physica Scripta
Feels Like Home: Home Staging, Materiality, and Embodied Consumption
Creators: name: Vercel, Kelcie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cultural mediation
subject: Cultural sociology
subject: Experience economy
subject: Housing
subject: Meaning

description: Bringing together research on culture, materiality and consumption, I conceptualize home stagers as market and cultural intermediaries who do their work in the space between a home (the product) and potential homebuyers (the consumer). Using data from the content analysis of nearly 200 staging documents, as well as from interviews and observations with home stagers, I describe the strategic cultural and material work performed by home stagers as they attempt to construct the optimal purchasing experience for potential buyers. Specifically, I examine how home stagers convey a home’s livability to buyers by using material objects to influence their senses, imaginations and processes of evaluation. In so doing, I reveal a previously overlooked process that shapes the most consequential consumption decision most people will ever make (Koklic and Vida 2009), and describe how this process may act as a mechanism of exclusion. I also contribute to work on cultural intermediaries more generally by describing two new dimensions along which their practices may vary: neutrality and temporal orientation.
Scoping review of self-evaluation and synonyms in Medical Education literature
Creators: name: Yates, Natasha
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Education

description: Scoping what has been published and researched in Undergraduate Medical Education on the subject of self-evaluation since 2011. A number of similar and related concepts are included - self-assessment, self-monitoring, evaluative judgement and self-regulated learning
title: Assessment of efficacy of intravascular ovarian vein occlusion for the treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome.
Creators: name: Światłowski, Łukasz
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Pelvic floor dysfunction
subject: Dilatation
subject: Venous access
subject: Embolisation
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Pelvis
subject: Vascular
subject: Interventional vascular

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Assessment of efficiency of intravascular occlusion of ovarian veins for the treatment of pelvic congestion...
CRLX101, a Nanoparticle–Drug Conjugate Containing Camptothecin, Improves Rectal Cancer Chemoradiotherapy by Inhibiting DNA Repair and HIF1α
Creators: name: Wu, Pauline
name: Garmey, Edward G.
name: Tian, Xi
name: Wang, Andrew Z.
name: Nguyen, Minh
name: Foote, Henry P.
name: Caster, Joseph M.
name: Tepper, Joel E.
name: Eliasof, Scott
name: Jayaraman, Lata
name: Peters, Christian G.
name: Roche, Kyle C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Novel agents are needed to improve chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. In this study, we assessed the ability of CRLX101, an investigational nanoparticle-drug conjugate containing the payload camptothecin (CPT), to improve therapeutic responses as compared to standard chemotherapy. CRLX101 was evaluated as a radiosensitizer in colorectal cancer cell lines and murine xenograft models. CRLX101 was as potent as CPT in vitro in its ability to radiosensitize cancer cells. Evaluations in vivo demonstrated that the addition of CRLX101 to standard chemoradiotherapy significantly increased therapeutic efficacy by inhibiting DNA repair and HIF-1α pathway activation in tumor cells. Notably, CRLX101 was more effective than oxaliplatin at enhancing the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy, with CRLX101 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) producing the highest therapeutic efficacy. Gastrointestinal toxicity was also significantly lower for CRLX101 compared to CPT when combined with radiotherapy. Our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for CRLX101 as a modality to improve the outcome of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer treatment, in support of ongoing clinical evaluation of this agent (LCC1315 {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02010567","term_id":"NCT02010567"}}NCT02010567).
TeamSTEPPS® and interprofessional communication, in caring for people in critical situations: scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Soares, Tânia
name: Nunes, Elisabete
name: José, Helena
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: The objective of this scoping review is to map and examine in scientific evidence, the role of TeamSTEPPS® in interprofessional communication, during care for people in critical situations. This is a registration of study plans before data colletion begins.
Computation of Location Choice of Secondary Activities in Transportation Todels with Cooperative Agents
Creators: name: Marchal, Fabrice
name: Nagel, Kai
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: 380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr
subject: travel behavior
subject: social connection
subject: location choice
subject: cooperative agent
subject: secondary activity

description: Activity-based models in Transportation Science focus on the description of human trips and activities. We address the modeling of the spatial decision for so-called secondary activities: given both home and work locations, where do individuals perform activities such as shopping and leisure? The simulation of these decisions using random utility models requires a full enumeration of the possible outcomes. For large data sets, it becomes computationally unfeasible because of the combinatorial complexity. To overcome this limitation, we propose a model where agents have limited, accurate information about a small subset of the overall spatial environment. Agents are inter-connected by a social network through which they can exchange information. This approach has several advantages compared to the explicit simulation of a standard random utility model: a) it computes plausible choice sets in reasonable computing times b) it can be easily extended to integrate further empirical evidence about travel behavior and c) it provides a useful framework to study the propagation of any newly available information. The paper emphasizes the computational efficiency of the approach for real-world examples.
Reproducibility Reviews AGILE 2020
Creators: name: Nüst, Daniel
name: Ostermann, Frank
name: Sileryte, Rusne
name: Hofer, Barbara
name: Granell, Carlos
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Sciences
subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Computer Engineering
subject: Geographic Information Sciences
subject: Computer Sciences
subject: Other Computer Engineering
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Engineering
subject: Geography
subject: AGILE
subject: Geographic Information Science
subject: GIS
subject: GIScience
subject: openscience
subject: reproducibility
subject: reproducibleresearch

description: Reports and materials of reproductions conducted as part of the Reproducible AGILE initiative, reproducing accepted papers at the AGILE conference.
A Message-Based Framework for Real-World Mobility Simulations
Creators: name: Gloor, Christian
name: Cavens, Duncan
name: Nagel, Kai
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: 380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr
subject: mobility simulation
subject: Swiss Alps
subject: traffic
subject: spatial planning
subject: multi-agent simulation

description: There is considerable interest in the simulation of systems where humans move around, for example for traffic or pedestrian simulations. Any such simulation consists of two layers: the simulation of the “physical” system, which includes effects such as interaction with other agents or the environment; and the simulation of the “mental” layer, which generates strategies of the agents. The traditional way to couple the modules is to use files. The disadvantage of that approach is twofold: The computational performance is limited by I/O; and the modules can only be run sequentially.
Comparing parent and physician perspectives on the transition to palliative care in pediatric oncology
Creators: name: Nyiro, Judit
name: Zörgő, Szilvia
name: Földesi, Enikő
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: communication
subject: palliative care
subject: pediatric oncology
subject: quantitative ethnography

description: Background This project is a continuation of our previous research, in which we examined the conditions and the particularities in communication regarding the transition to palliative care from a physician and parental perspective in pediatric oncology. There is a pivotal conversation where the physician informs the parents of a child undergoing treatment for a malignancy that there are no more curative options left and they can only provide palliative care from this point onwards. We call this conversation the “palliative care discussion”, and it is one of the most difficult conversations a doctor or a parent can ever have. We investigated, from both these points of view, who should participate in the discussion and how it should be timed. There were some questions within our data that remained ambiguous and we wanted to approach these from a different angle through a secondary analysis. Objectives The aim of our current project is to gain a deeper understanding of the content of the palliative care discussion, its verbal and non-verbal properties, and specific word use in order to compare and contrast physician and parental opinions on this discussion and develop recommendations for medical communication strategies. Research questions RQ1: What are the most essential components of the palliative care discussion from a physician and parental perspective, and what are the differences between the two groups? RQ2: What do physicians and parents think about the use of the word death during this discussion? RQ3: What advantages and disadvantages can physicians and parents identify regarding the psychologist's presence at the palliative care discussion? Data preparation We employed the Reproducible Open Coding Kit (ROCK), a standard to code plain text files, designed to be both human- and machine-readable. The ROCK standard is implemented in two pieces of open-source software: the interface for ROCK (iROCK) aiding manual coding and segmentation, and the R package {rock} for processing and analyzing coded sources. We utilized this process to manually code and segment our data. Analysis Epistemic Network Analysis is a way to model co-occurrences in coded qualitative data and visualize these frequencies in a network. We employed this method of data visualization to better understand and model our data concerning our specific research questions.
title: High resolution anatomic and CSF flow sensitive MR imaging in diagnosis and management of patients with ventriculomegaly and dilated CSF spaces
Creators: name: ElShafey, Mohamed
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: CNS
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Cerebrospinal fluid

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA CSF spaces comprise all intracerebral ventricles, spinal and brain subarachnoid spaces, such as cisterns and sulci, and the central canal of the spinal cord....
Economic evaluations of scaling up strategies of evidence-based health interventions: A systematic review protocol
Creators: name: Legare, France
name: Brundisini, Francesca
name: Laberge, Maude
name: Zomahoun, Hervé
name: Gogovor, Amédé
name: Massougbodji, José
name: Rheault, Nathalie
name: Uwizeye, Claude
name: Tchoubi, Sébastien
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Health Economics
subject: Business
subject: Business Administration, Management, and Operations
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Economics
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: economic evaluations
subject: scaling

description: Scaling up strategies can help roll out evidence-based health interventions on a wide scale to benefit more individuals. Yet, little is known on how to evaluate economic aspects of these strategies. This systematic review will be the first, to the best of our knowledge, to systematically summarize approaches used for economic evaluations of scaling up strategies of evidence-based interventions in health.