cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Crystal Indentation Hardness
Creators: name: Armstrong, Ronald W.
name: Walley, Stephen M.
name: Elban, Wayne L.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: crystal hardness
nanoindentations
dislocations
contact mechanics
indentation plasticity
plastic anisotropy
stress-strain characterizations
indentation fracture mechanics

description: There is expanded interest in the long-standing subject of the hardness properties of materials. A major part of such interest is due to the advent of nanoindentation hardness testing systems which have made available orders of magnitude increases in load and displacement measuring capabilities achieved in a continuously recorded test procedure. The new results have been smoothly merged with other advances in conventional hardness testing and with parallel developments in improved model descriptions of both elastic contact mechanics and dislocation mechanisms operative in the understanding of crystal plasticity and fracturing behaviors. No crystal is either too soft or too hard to prevent the determination of its elastic, plastic and cracking properties under a suitable probing indenter. A sampling of the wealth of measurements and reported analyses associated with the topic on a wide variety of materials are presented in the current Special Issue.
Achmonia submontana Bordoni, 2013, nov.sp.
Creators: name: Bordoni, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Achmonia
Achmonia submontana

description: Achmonia submontana nov.sp.
M a t e r i a l s t u d i e d: Holotype: Jianxi, Jinggangshan city, Ciping town, 850 m, Peng, Zhai & Zhu 21.X.2010 (SNUC).
D e s c r i p t i o n: Length of body about 18 mm; from anterior margin of head to posterior margin of elytra: 9 mm. Head and pronotum black, elytra and abdomen brown black; genital segment reddish; antennae and legs brown dark. Head and pronotum shiny. Head proportionally small, with very numerous punctures with setae. Head and pronotum and related puncturation as in Fig. 35. Labrum as in Fig. 36. Elytra sub-quadrangular, proportionally short, a little shorter and wider than pronotum, with sub-rectilinear sides and scarcely marked humeral angles. Surface with wide, more or less deep, dense puncturation, arranged in some series; the median serie oblique. Abdomen with traces of transverse micro-striation and more or less fine and deep, very dense puncturation, arranged in very numerous series, especially on the 5°-6° visible segments.
Male unknown.
 E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet refers to the Latin sub-montanus- a- um (submontane)..
G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: The species is known only from the type locality, in Jianxi.
N o t e: This species differs from the congeners by size, colouration, puncturation of head and elytra.
description: Published as part of Bordoni, A., 2013, New data on the Xantholinini from China. 24. New genus, new species and new records of the Shanghai Normal University collection (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) 244 ° contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae, pp. 1745-1797 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 45 (2) on page 1752, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10273196
English Medium Instruction in Higher Education in the Arab Gulf: Faculty Beliefs and Practices
Creators: name: Waigand, Angela Unger
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: English Medium Instruction
subject: linguistically responsive instruction
subject: content instructors
subject: multilingual learners
subject: higher education
subject: Education--Adult and Continuing
subject: Education--Bilingual and Multicultural
subject: Education--Higher
subject: Education--Teacher Training

description: In higher education throughout the world, English as the medium of instruction has become increasingly common. Within some countries in the Arab Gulf region, English is now the primary mode of instruction in tertiary education. However, in the region, students’ lack of proficiency in English may hinder comprehension of their course materials and ultimately affect their academic performance. Although instructional practices may facilitate the learning of content for second language learners, content instructors may lack an awareness of the role of language in learning content or experience challenges in finding appropriate teaching methodologies that address the students’ needs. The purpose of this mixed methods research study was to examine the beliefs, knowledge, and teaching practices of content faculty teaching second language students in higher education institutions in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. This study used a convergent mixed methods design in which quantitative data was collected through 37 surveys and qualitative data through six semi-structured interviews. Results suggest that instructors have generally favourable views of English medium instruction and second language students, have a foundation of knowledge related to second language learning principles, and use some effective teaching strategies. Although the findings were generally positive, there were some gaps in their knowledge and practices. The findings also suggested that a relationship may exist between instructors’ beliefs, knowledge, and practices, with those more positively oriented toward teaching second language learners more likely to enact effective instructional practices. Instructors’ years of experience and diverse informal and formal learning experiences may also impact beliefs, knowledge, and practices, as may contextual factors related to the teaching environment. The results of this study may help inform the development of faculty orientations and professional development in institutions in the Arab Gulf region with the aim of assisting instructors in teaching second language students more effectively.
Association of spring-summer hydrology and meteorology with human West Nile virus infection in West Texas, USA, 2002–2016
Creators: name: Ukawuba, Israel
name: Shaman, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: West Nile virus
West Nile fever
Soil moisture
Hydrology
Meteorology

description: Background: The emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) in the Western Hemisphere has motivated research into the processes contributing to the incidence and persistence of the disease in the region. Meteorology and hydrology are fundamental determinants of vector-borne disease transmission dynamics of a region. The availability of water influences the population dynamics of vector and host, while temperature impacts vector growth rates, feeding habits, and disease transmission potential. Characterization of the temporal pattern of environmental factors influencing WNV risk is crucial to broaden our understanding of local transmission dynamics and to inform efforts of control and surveillance. Methods: We used hydrologic, meteorological and WNV data from west Texas (2002–2016) to analyze the relationship between environmental conditions and annual human WNV infection. A Bayesian model averaging framework was used to evaluate the association of monthly environmental conditions with WNV infection. Results: Findings indicate that wet conditions in the spring combined with dry and cool conditions in the summer are associated with increased annual WNV cases. Bayesian multi-model inference reveals monthly means of soil moisture, specific humidity and temperature to be the most important variables among predictors tested. Environmental conditions in March, June, July and August were the leading predictors in the best-fitting models. Conclusions: The results significantly link soil moisture and temperature in the spring and summer to WNV transmission risk. Wet spring in association with dry and cool summer was the temporal pattern best-describing WNV, regardless of year. Our findings also highlight that soil moisture may be a stronger predictor of annual WNV transmission than rainfall.
Nonparametric Bayesian Estimation of Periodic Functions
Creators: name: Wang, Yuyang
name: Khardon, Roni
name: Protopapas, Pavlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many real world problems exhibit patterns that have periodic behavior. For example, in astrophysics, periodic variable stars play a pivotal role in understanding our universe. An important step when analyzing data from such processes is the problem of identifying the period: estimating the period of a periodic function based on noisy observations made at irregularly spaced time points. This problem is still a difficult challenge despite extensive study in different disciplines. The paper makes several contributions toward solving this problem. First, we present a nonparametric Bayesian model for period finding, based on Gaussian Processes (GP), that does not make strong assumptions on the shape of the periodic function. As our experiments demonstrate, the new model leads to significantly better results in period estimation when the target function is non-sinusoidal. Second, we develop a new algorithm for parameter optimization for GP which is useful when the likelihood function is very sensitive to the setting of the hyper-parameters with numerous local minima, as in the case of period estimation. The algorithm combines gradient optimization with grid search and incorporates several mechanisms to overcome the high complexity of inference with GP. Third, we develop a novel approach for using domain knowledge, in the form of a probabilistic generative model, and incorporate it into the period estimation algorithm. Experimental results on astrophysics data validate our approach showing significant improvement over the state of the art in this domain.
Artifact removal in Quantum Optical Coherence Tomography
Creators: name: Li Gomez, Mayte Yinghua
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum
subject: OCT
subject: Metrology
subject: Quantum sensing
subject: Quantum tomography
subject: Optics

description: Current research aims to exploit the quantum properties of light for the improvement of classical imaging techniques. Quantum Optical Coherence Tomography (QOCT) is a promising non-invasive technology that leverages quantum entanglement to enhance the resolving power of classical Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) by a factor of two. This technique offers immunity to chromatic dispersion and the capability to deliver high-resolution images even under ultra-low light intensities. Despite these advantages, QOCT faces challenges in terms of long acquisition times during measurements, and the presence of artifacts—spurious structures that corrupt the signal and disrupt the extraction of information. Our research focuses on addressing the latter challenge. We propose two experimental methods, both based on the manipulation of the pump and state of entangled photons, to eliminate artifacts from the signal. The first method involves tuning the pump laser wavelength to manipulate the visibility of artifacts and the overall profile of the resulting interferograms. Additionally, we introduce a novel and comprehensive theoretical model that describes the appearance and behavior of artifacts, along with newly discovered features referred to as ”echoes.” The second method suggests introducing an external phase into the entangled source to influence the state of the biphotons and further manipulate the shape of the artifacts. Our methods are both experimentally simple and effective, positioning QOCT as a commercially viable and practical imaging device.
Spectrum of Higher Derivative 6D Chiral Supergravity
Creators: name: Pang, Y.
name: Pope, C. N.
name: Sezgin, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gauged off-shell Maxwell-Einstein supergravity in six dimensions with N=(1,0) supersymmetry has a higher derivative extension afforded by a supersymmetrized Riemann squared term. This theory admits a supersymmetric Minkowski x S^2 compactification with a U(1) monopole of unit charge on S^2. We determine the full spectrum of the theory on this background. We also determine the spectrum on a non-supersymmetric version of this compactification in which the monopole charge is different from unity, and we find the peculiar feature that there are massless gravitini in a representation of the S^2 isometry group determined by the monopole charge.
description: typos corrected
title: “มอง” หลักการปกครองท้องถิ่นในรัฐธรรมนูญฉบับ 2550 “ย้อน” แนวพระราชดำริการจัดตั้ง “การประชาภิบาล”
Creators: name: นพพล อัคฮาด
Publisher: name: สาขารัฐประศาสนศาสตร์ คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยกาฬสินธุ์
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2012
Subjects: การประชาภิบาล
การปกครองท้องถิ่น
การกระจายอำนาจ
พระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว
Civil Governance
Local Administration
Power Distribution
King Rama VII

description: วารสารรัฐศาสตร์และนิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏกาฬสินธุ์, 1, 1, 24-60
Refining the Onset Timing and Slip History Along the Northern Part of the Teton Fault
Creators: name: Hoar, Rachel Montague
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Abstract:
A new apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) dataset from subvertical transects collected in the Teton and Gallatin Ranges in the Teton-Yellowstone region provides insight for the slip history and length of the Teton fault. Along the northernmost segment of the Teton fault, inverse thermal history modeling of AHe data from Eagles Rest Peak yield a ~9 Ma age for onset of fault slip. This age supports previous interpretations that Mount Moran may be the true center of the Teton fault. This refined interpretation coupled with lengthdisplacement fault scaling analysis and previous estimates of total fault displacement (~6 km) indicates that the Teton fault may extend 50-90 km north of Mount Moran. However, this new data precludes the possibility that the Teton and East Gallatin faults represent the same structure. Yet, because these systems share a similar structure trend and initial slip ages (13 Ma and 16 Ma, respectively), they may still be related at a larger scale. To the south, the Teewinot transect yields the oldest onset age of ~32 Ma, however a >500 m vertical data gap in this transect leads us to cautiously interpret the results of this model, particularly as this age conflicts with four other transects along-strike.
Copyright: © 2018 Rachel Montague Hoar
Funding information: 1. Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant; 2. University of Kentucky, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences Brown McFarland and Ferm Research Funds; 3. University of Kentucky, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences Pirtle Scholarship
Experimental and Computational Study of the Archimedes Screw Turbine
Creators: name: Phillips, Temitope Enitan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Mechanical
subject: Energy

description: The Archimedes Screw hydrokinetic turbine (AST) is garnering considerable interest because of its potential applicability in harvesting wave and tidal energy. The turbine is well suited to bi-directional flows, low-velocity flows, and shallow watercourses. Understanding its performance characteristics and energy conversion mechanisms will be fundamental in determining the optimal geometric properties, which will, in turn, expedite its use in onshore and offshore renewable energy systems. Because the AST is a reasonably new hydro-technology, very little literature is available on its design and performance optimization. This study experimentally and computationally investigates the torque and power generation of the AST. Laboratory scale turbine models with one, two, and three flights (blades) were tested in a water channel to measure torque and angular velocity at different flow velocities and varying inclination angles (β) of the turbine. From experimental results, a maximum coefficient of performance (CP ) of 0.41 was obtained at a tip speed ratio (λ) of 0.52 at a flow velocity (U∞) of 0.45 m/s for a turbine with two flights. In the case of the 3-flight turbine, the highest value of CP was also obtained at 30° (0.40 at λ = 0.53). For the 1-flight turbine, a maximum CP of 0.23 was obtained at a β of 28° and λ of 0.30. The results also showed a time-varying fluctuation in the torque, which reduced in magnitude with an increase in number of flights. The ripple was found to occur once-per-revolution and not once-per-flight, irrespective of the number of flights. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) results showed no evidence of a strong frequency component in the flow and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analysis showed that the contributions of the low-order modes to the turbulent kinetic energy were low (less than 60% for the first six modes). The CFD study showed that the torque generation on the turbine is dominantly pressure-driven, and the viscous component of the torque is small compared to the pressure component. It also suggested that free-surface effects are important in the turbine’s operation and have appreciable implications for added mass effects on the turbine.
Additional file 2 of Preventing within household transmission of Covid-19: is the provision of accommodation to support self-isolation feasible and acceptable?
Creators: name: Denford, Sarah
name: Morton, Kate
name: Horwood, Jeremy
name: de Garang, Rachel
name: Yardley, Lucy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. .
Exploring the Impact of Bovine Leukemia Virus Proviral Load on Production, and its Potential Use for Control
Creators: name: Shrestha, Sulav
Publisher: name: Veterinary Medicine
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: bovine leukemia virus
subject: proviral load
subject: control
subject: impact
subject: threshold
subject: Veterinary Science
subject: Virology

description: The main aim of this dissertation was to evaluate the efficacy of a bovine leukemia virus (BLV) control program by selective removal of high proviral load (HPL) BLV-infected subsets. Six chapters are included. 1) To be acquainted with the current understanding on BLV infection, transmission routes, diagnosis, control, and most importantly, BLV proviral load, a literature review was conducted. This review explored the applicability of BLV proviral load in disease diagnosis, BLV transmission risk assessment, and BLV control. 2) We implemented a cross-sectional study to evaluate the impact of BLV proviral load on milk production of dairy cows. Data obtained from nine dairy herds in Alberta, Canada demonstrated a significant reduction in milk, fat, and protein production of HPL cows when compared with the BLV-negative counterparts. 3) The effectiveness of HPL-cow focused BLV control program in reducing BLV prevalence and seroconversions within the herd was evaluated by conducting a 3-year study among ten dairy herds. The BLV prevalence decreased in four herds whereas the BLV incidence was reduced in nine herds, which supported the notion that removal of HPL cows can offer a feasible and economical option for BLV control. 4) A 1.5-year longitudinal study was designed by enrolling subset of cows from BLV-seropositive (further classified into various proviral load categories) and BLV-seronegative group to monitor the dynamics of various parameters such as BLV proviral load, lymphocyte, white blood cell (WBC) count, antibody titer, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD21+, and WC1+ cell proportions. A relatively stable pattern of BLV proviral load, WBC, CD3+, and CD4+ cell proportion was observed, indicating frequent testing might not be required for these parameters in monitoring BLV infection. 5) A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the hematological and immunological impact of BLV infection which suggested a simpler categorization of HPL and LPL as an appropriate approach. Additionally, a lower proviral load cut-off was identified as an accurate threshold for identifying HPL cows. 6) Lastly, all the results and findings were thoroughly discussed, and future directions for using HPL-focused strategies as a potential tool for BLV control and management were elaborated.
Shuyo Nella
Creators: name: Caner, Kayra
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: composition
subject: paper
subject: symphony
subject: music
subject: Music

description: Shuyo Nella is a five-movement symphony with a duration of sixteen minutes and instrumentation of double winds, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion, harp, and strings. It is inspired by the archetypes of family relationships as well as by aspects of my Turkish heritage. The archetypes are presented as the thematic material of this character piece. Research on various twentieth-century approaches to a symphonic composition that includes programmatic/character elements and cultural synthesis influenced the musical ideas. The thesis comprises an essay that explains the research, thematic materials, harmony, rhythm, form, texture, and timbre, as well as a bibliography and a complete score.
Anomalous suppression of the superfluid density in the CuxBi2Se3 superconductor upon progressive Cu intercalation
Creators: name: Kriener, M.
name: Segawa, Kouji
name: Sasaki, Satoshi
name: Ando, Yoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CuxBi2Se3 was recently found to be likely the first example of a time-reversal-invariant topological superconductor accompanied by helical Majorana fermions on the surface. Here we present that progressive Cu intercalation into this system introduces significant disorder and leads to an anomalous suppression of the superfluid density which was obtained from the measurements of the lower critical field. At the same time, the transition temperature T_c is only moderately suppressed, which agrees with a recent prediction for the impurity effect in this class of topological superconductors bearing strong spin-orbit coupling. Those unusual disorder effects give support to the possible odd-parity pairing state in CuxBi2Se3.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; title has been changed; final version published in Phys. Rev. B, Rapid Communications
On Quantum Collapse as a Basis for the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Kastner, Ruth E.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: Second Law of Thermodynamics
irreversibility
entropy
H-Theorem
transactional interpretation
wave function collapse
non-unitarity

description: It was first suggested by David Z. Albert that the existence of a real, physical non-unitary process (i.e., “collapse”) at the quantum level would yield a complete explanation for the Second Law of Thermodynamics (i.e., the increase in entropy over time). The contribution of such a process would be to provide a physical basis for the ontological indeterminacy needed to derive the irreversible Second Law against a backdrop of otherwise reversible, deterministic physical laws. An alternative understanding of the source of this possible quantum “collapse” or non-unitarity is presented herein, in terms of the Transactional Interpretation (TI). The present model provides a specific physical justification for Boltzmann’s often-criticized assumption of molecular randomness (Stosszahlansatz), thereby changing its status from an ad hoc postulate to a theoretically grounded result, without requiring any change to the basic quantum theory. In addition, it is argued that TI provides an elegant way of reconciling, via indeterministic collapse, the time-reversible Liouville evolution with the time-irreversible evolution inherent in so-called “master equations” that specify the changes in occupation of the various possible states in terms of the transition rates between them. The present model is contrasted with the Ghirardi–Rimini–Weber (GRW) “spontaneous collapse” theory previously suggested for this purpose by Albert.
Exploring Stories of Reciprocity in Intergenerational Programming
Creators: name: Dukart, Amber
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: intergenerational program
subject: reciprocity
subject: older adults
subject: youth
subject: narrative inquiry
subject: participatory video
subject: social work
subject: Social Work
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Individual and Family Studies
subject: Sociology--Organizational
subject: Recreation
subject: Gerontology

description: Ageism, individualism, and the dominance of nuclear families through capitalist and settler colonial policies have contributed to an age-segregated society with fewer connections between generations in dominant Canadian society. In response to our current social context, intergenerational programs (IGPs) that facilitate the development of reciprocal, non-familial relationships between generations have become increasingly popular. Despite a growing body of research on IGPs, contextualized and in-depth knowledge of the experiences of older adults and youth are largely missing. Additionally, very few studies explicitly center reciprocity within intergenerational relations, and instead focus on the impacts of these relationships for only one generation. I used narrative inquiry methodology to explore in depth the experiences of reciprocity of four youth and four older adults involved in an IGP in Calgary, Alberta. I used individual narrative interviews and participatory video methods to elicit stories about the intergenerational friendships that participants formed in the IGP and the impacts of these relationships. Through narrative analysis, I identified four resonant threads across individual interview transcripts and videos. These resonant threads offer a deeper understanding of youth and older adults’ experiences of reciprocity within their intergenerational friendships and speak to the complexities of reciprocity within these relations. I conclude by reflecting on how these stories can change the way we think about, conduct research on, and facilitate IGPs and make recommendations for research, social work practice, and policy. Keywords: intergenerational program, reciprocity, older adults, youth, narrative inquiry, participatory video, social work
The darkening of the Greenland ice sheet: trends, drivers, and projections (1981–2100)
Creators: name: Tedesco, Marco
name: Doherty, Sarah
name: Fettweis, X.
name: Alexander, Patrick
name: Jeyaratnam, Jeyavinoth
name: Stroeve, Julienne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Cryosphere
Ice sheets
Albedo
Albedo--Measurement

description: The surface energy balance and meltwater production of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) are modulated by snow and ice albedo through the amount of absorbed solar radiation. Here we show, using space-borne multispectral data collected during the 3 decades from 1981 to 2012, that summertime surface albedo over the GrIS decreased at a statistically significant (99 %) rate of 0.02 decade−1 between 1996 and 2012. Over the same period, albedo modelled by the Modèle Atmosphérique Régionale (MAR) also shows a decrease, though at a lower rate ( ∼ −0.01 decade−1) than that obtained from space-borne data. We suggest that the discrepancy between modelled and measured albedo trends can be explained by the absence in the model of processes associated with the presence of light-absorbing impurities. The negative trend in observed albedo is confined to the regions of the GrIS that undergo melting in summer, with the dry-snow zone showing no trend. The period 1981–1996 also showed no statistically significant trend over the whole GrIS. Analysis of MAR outputs indicates that the observed albedo decrease is attributable to the combined effects of increased near-surface air temperatures, which enhanced melt and promoted growth in snow grain size and the expansion of bare ice areas, and to trends in light-absorbing impurities (LAI) on the snow and ice surfaces. Neither aerosol models nor in situ and remote sensing observations indicate increasing trends in LAI in the atmosphere over Greenland. Similarly, an analysis of the number of fires and BC emissions from fires points to the absence of trends for such quantities. This suggests that the apparent increase of LAI in snow and ice might be related to the exposure of a "dark band" of dirty ice and to increased consolidation of LAI at the surface with melt, not to increased aerosol deposition. Albedo projections through to the end of the century under different warming scenarios consistently point to continued darkening, with albedo anomalies averaged over the whole ice sheet lower by 0.08 in 2100 than in 2000, driven solely by a warming climate. Future darkening is likely underestimated because of known underestimates in modelled melting (as seen in hindcasts) and because the model albedo scheme does not currently include the effects of LAI, which have a positive feedback on albedo decline through increased melting, grain growth, and darkening.
The flip-graph of the 4-dimensional cube is connected
Creators: name: Pournin, Lionel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Flip-graph connectedness is established here for the vertex set of the 4-dimensional cube. It is found as a consequence that this vertex set has 92 487 256 triangulations, partitioned into 247 451 symmetry classes.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, revised proofs and notations
Dual-stream modulation failure, cognitive biases and delusions in schizophrenia
Creators: name: Speechley, William Jonathan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Recent cognitive research has made important contributions to our understanding of delusions, but there have been few attempts to generate a general model that address both delusion formation and maintenance, with a focus on the mechanisms that may underlie the cognitive characteristics of delusions. This thesis describes studies replicating and extending our understanding of two previously identified cognitive biases, and then outlines the development and initial testing of a new model of delusions. The Dual-Stream Modulation Failure (DSMF) model suggests that delusions are the result of an imbalance between two streams of reasoning: Stream 1, which is automatic and intuitive, and Stream 2, which is slower and more deliberative. The degree to which each stream is favoured in a given situation may depend on two modulators: conflict and emotion. Cognitive conflict may cause an individual to consider the available evidence more carefully, while emotional salience may favour reflexive, non-deliberative processing. In schizophrenia, conflict modulation failure (CMF) and/or accentuated emotional modulation (AEM) may result in an under-recruitment of Stream 2 processing and over-reliance on Stream 1, increasing the likelihood that erroneous interpretations will form and be maintained. The first study employs a variation of a classic probabilistic reasoning paradigm to provide new insights into to the jumping-to-conclusions and over-adjustment biases. The second study describes the first multivariate analysis of bias against disconfirmatory evidence (BADE) data using all available information from the task to aid interpretation of the cognitive underpinnings of the evidence integration necessary in the BADE task. The third and fourth studies investigate the DSMF model of delusions using a conditional reasoning paradigm that places content believability in conflict with logical validity. Support is provided for CMF, with the schizophrenia group showing a greater drop in performance and a significantly smaller increase in activity in areas of the brain associated with conflict and deliberative processing for conflict compared to non-conflict stimuli. No evidence was found for AEM, suggesting that future DSMF research may either need to make adjustments to the experimental paradigm or to the model itself.
Characterizing Clinical Presentations following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms of Injury and Dizziness Subtypes
Creators: name: Holte, Kirsten Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Dizziness
subject: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
subject: Sport-Related Concussion
subject: Vestibulo-ocular reflex
subject: Cervical spine
subject: Post-traumatic dizziness
subject: Rehabilitation and Therapy

description: This MSc thesis explores clinical presentations following mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) and includes two studies. The first study evaluates the association between symptom severity score, Vestibular Ocular Motor Screen, vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), oculomotor, and cervical spine function and 1) mTBI mechanism and 2) sport type in 98 youth (6-17 years) presenting to acute mTBI clinics (Calgary and Montreal sites). Forty-six males and 55 females sustained a non-sport related concussion (nSRC; n= 18) or sport-related concussion (SRC; n= 80), in contact sport (n=62), or non-contact sport (n=18). No statistically significant differences were found in any outcome by mTBI mechanism. Athletes injured in non-contact sport had a 12.69 (95% CI: 2.38-78.79) times higher odds of abnormal VOR gain compared to those in contact sport. Future research is warranted, including comparison to pre-injury status, to better understand the mechanism driving the differences in VOR by sport type. The second study examines concurrent validity of dizziness subtype classification between a physiotherapist and physician specialist, and test-retest reliability by a physiotherapist in 21 youth and adults diagnosed with SRC. Dizziness subtypes included Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, Unilateral Peripheral Vestibular Hypofunction, cervicogenic dizziness, centrally mediated dizziness, vestibular migraine, and other. Substantial agreement (k= 0.67, 95% CI 0.35-1.00) was found between the physiotherapist and physician specialist and almost perfect agreement between physiotherapist classifications at the initial and 7-day assessments (k= 1.00, 95% CI 0.56-1.00). At the initial assessment, 71.43% and 35.71% of participants had at least one dizziness subtype categorized as “other” by the physiotherapist and physician specialist, respectively, and multiple dizziness subtypes were selected by both raters for 42.86% of participants. This work will inform the refinement of subtype classification processes, including the addition of potential subtypes to enable further classification. Future research is needed to evaluate a refined version of the subtype classification system in a larger prospective cohort study to further inform dizziness subtype management.
Lower bounds of characteristic scale of topological modification of the Newtonian gravitation
Creators: name: Iorio, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically work out the long-term orbital perturbations induced by the first term of the expansion of the perturbing potential arising from the local modification of the Newton's inverse square law due to a topology R^2 x S^1 with a compactified dimension of radius R recently proposed by Floratos and Leontaris. We neither restrict to any specific spatial direction for the asymmetry axis nor to particular orbital configurations of the test particle. Thus, our results are quite general. Non-vanishing long-term variations occur for all the usual osculating Keplerian orbital elements, apart from the semimajor axis which is left unaffected. By using recent improvements in the determination of the orbital motion of Saturn from Cassini data, we preliminarily inferred R >= 4-6 kau. As a complementary approach, the putative topological effects should be explicitly modeled and solved-for with a modified version of the ephemerides dynamical models with which the same data sets should be reprocessed.
description: Latex, 6 pages, no tables, 1 figure, 3 references. Accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics D (IJMPD)
Additional file 1 of Development and testing of relative risk-based health messages for electronic cigarette products
Creators: name: Kimber, Catherine
name: Cox, Sharon
name: Frings, Daniel
name: Albery, Ian P.
name: Dawkins, Lynne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Mean (SE) ratings for understandability for dual users, smokers, non-smokers and the overall sample.
Engineering Cell Surfaces with Polyelectrolyte Materials for Translational Applications
Creators: name: Zhang, Peipei
name: Bookstaver, Michelle L.
name: Jewell, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: polyelectrolyte
multilayer
cell modification
sensing and signaling
drug delivery
vaccine and immunotherapy
surface protein
tissue engineering
regenerative medicine

description: Engineering cell surfaces with natural or synthetic materials is a unique and powerful strategy for biomedical applications. Cells exhibit more sophisticated migration, control, and functional capabilities compared to nanoparticles, scaffolds, viruses, and other engineered materials or agents commonly used in the biomedical field. Over the past decade, modification of cell surfaces with natural or synthetic materials has been studied to exploit this complexity for both fundamental and translational goals. In this review we present the existing biomedical technologies for engineering cell surfaces with one important class of materials, polyelectrolytes. We begin by introducing the challenges facing the cell surface engineering field. We then discuss the features of polyelectrolytes and how these properties can be harnessed to solve challenges in cell therapy, tissue engineering, cell-based drug delivery, sensing and tracking, and immune modulation. Throughout the review, we highlight opportunities to drive the field forward by bridging new knowledge of polyelectrolytes with existing translational challenges.
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Followed by CRIPSR/Cas9 Microinjection Results in Highly Efficient Genome Editing in Cloned Pigs
Creators: name: Sheets, Timothy P.
name: Park, Chi-Hun
name: Park, Ki-Eun
name: Powell, Anne
name: Donovan, David M.
name: Telugu, Bhanu P.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2016
Subjects: CRISPR/Cas
SCNT
pig
knockout
microinjection

description: The domestic pig is an ideal “dual purpose” animal model for agricultural and biomedical research. With the availability of genome editing tools such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and associated nuclease Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9), it is now possible to perform site-specific alterations with relative ease, and will likely help realize the potential of this valuable model. In this article, we investigated for the first time a combination of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and direct injection of CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoprotein complex targeting GRB10 into the reconstituted oocytes to generate GRB10 ablated Ossabaw fetuses. This strategy resulted in highly efficient (100%) generation of biallelic modifications in cloned fetuses. By combining SCNT with CRISPR/Cas9 microinjection, genome edited animals can now be produced without the need to manage a founder herd, while simultaneously eliminating the need for laborious in vitro culture and screening. Our approach utilizes standard cloning techniques while simultaneously performing genome editing in the cloned zygotes of a large animal model for agriculture and biomedical applications.
Using Image Translation To Synthesize Amyloid Beta From Structural MRI
Creators: name: Vega Lara, Fernando
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: MRI
subject: PET
subject: Generative Adversarial Networks
subject: Engineering--Biomedical
subject: Artificial Intelligence

description: Amyloid-beta and brain atrophy are known hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and can be quantified with positron emission tomography (PET) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively. PET uses radiotracers that bind to amyloid-beta, whereas MRI can measure brain morphology. PET scans have limitations including cost, invasiveness (involve injections and ionizing radiation exposure), and have limited accessibility, making PET not practical for screening early-onset AD. Conversely, MRI is a cheaper, less-invasive (free from ionizing radiation), and is more widely available, however, it cannot provide the necessary molecular information. There is a known relationship between amyloid-beta and brain atrophy. This thesis aims to synthesize amyloid-beta PET images from structural MRI using image translation, an advanced form of machine learning. The developed models have reported high-similarity metrics between the real and synthetic PET images and high-degree of accuracy in radiotracer quantification. The results are highly impactful as it enables amyloid-beta measurements form every MRI, for free!
Exploring the Computational Explanatory Gap
Creators: name: Reggia, James A.
name: Huang, Di-Wei
name: Katz, Garrett
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2017
Subjects: machine consciousness
artificial consciousness
cyberphenomenology
computational explanatory gap
cognitive phenomenology
phenomenal consciousness
executive functions
gated neural networks

description: While substantial progress has been made in the field known as artificial consciousness, at the present time there is no generally accepted phenomenally conscious machine, nor even a clear route to how one might be produced should we decide to try. Here, we take the position that, from our computer science perspective, a major reason for this is a computational explanatory gap: our inability to understand/explain the implementation of high-level cognitive algorithms in terms of neurocomputational processing. We explain how addressing the computational explanatory gap can identify computational correlates of consciousness. We suggest that bridging this gap is not only critical to further progress in the area of machine consciousness, but would also inform the search for neurobiological correlates of consciousness and would, with high probability, contribute to demystifying the “hard problem” of understanding the mind–brain relationship. We compile a listing of previously proposed computational correlates of consciousness and, based on the results of recent computational modeling, suggest that the gating mechanisms associated with top-down cognitive control of working memory should be added to this list. We conclude that developing neurocognitive architectures that contribute to bridging the computational explanatory gap provides a credible and achievable roadmap to understanding the ultimate prospects for a conscious machine, and to a better understanding of the mind–brain problem in general.
Oculolabrus qiqi Bordoni, 2013, nov.sp.
Creators: name: Bordoni, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Oculolabrus
Oculolabrus qiqi

description: Oculolabrus qiqi nov.sp.
M a t e r i a l s t u d i e d: Holotype: Yunnan, Gongshan coun., Qiqi, 1900 m, L. Tang 2.VII.2010 (SNUC).
D e s c r i p t i o n: Length of body about 13 mm; from anterior margin of head to posterior margin of elytra: 7 mm. Entirely black; antennae brown black, legs brown black with yellowish tarsi. Head, pronotum and elytra as in Fig. 37. Puncturation of head very deep. Puncturation of elytra very fine. Pubescence of the body long and yellowish. Labrum as in Fig. 38. Abdomen with traces of polygonal micro-reticulation and fine, sparse puncturation, arranged in few series.
Male unknown.
E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet refers to the type locality, as a noun in apposition.
G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: The species is known only from the type locality, in Yunnan.
 N o t e Oculolabrus STEEL 1946 are very rare Xantholinini. There are currently six known species collected in southern India, Laos, Sumatra, Fujian (O. chinensis BORDONI 2002), and Sabah, for a total of 17 specimens!
The new species differs from the congeners by the very large size and by the puncturation.
description: Published as part of Bordoni, A., 2013, New data on the Xantholinini from China. 24. New genus, new species and new records of the Shanghai Normal University collection (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) 244 ° contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae, pp. 1745-1797 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 45 (2) on pages 1752-1753, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10273196
Contrasting features of anisotropic loop quantum cosmologies: the role of spatial curvature
Creators: name: Gupt, Brajesh
name: Singh, Parampreet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A characteristic feature of loop quantization of the isotropic and Bianchi-I spacetimes is the existence of universal bounds on the energy density and the expansion and shear scalars, independent of the matter content. We investigate the properties of these physical quantities in Bianchi-II and Bianchi-IX spacetimes, which have been recently loop quantized using the connection operator approach. Using the effective Hamiltonian approach, we show that for Bianchi-II spacetime, energy density and the expansion and shear scalars turn out to be bounded, albeit not by universal values. In Bianchi-IX spacetime, when the approach to the classical singularity is isotropic, above physical quantities are bounded. In addition, for all other cases, where the approach to singularities is not isotropic and effective dynamics can be trusted, these quantities turn out to be finite. These results stand in sharp distinction to general relativity, where above physical quantities are generically unbounded, leading to the break down of geodesic equations. In contrast to the isotropic and Bianchi-I models, we find the role of energy conditions for Bianchi-II model and the inverse triad modifications for Bianchi-IX to be significant to obtain above bounds. These results bring out subtle physical distinctions between the quantization using holonomies over closed loops performed for isotropic and Bianchi-I models, and the connection operator approach. We find that qualitative differences in physics exist for these quantization methods even for the isotropic models in the presence of spatial curvature. We highlight these important differences in the behavior of the expansion scalar in the holonomy based quantization and connection operator approach for isotropic spatially closed and open models.
description: Minor clarifications added. To match published version in PRD