cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in patients with severe mental illness: a cross-sectional survey in an integrated outpatient health care model
Creators: name: Berghöfer, Anne
name: Martin, Luise
name: Hense, Sabrina
name: Weinmann, Stefan
name: Roll, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quality of life
subject: Severe mental disorder
subject: Determinants
subject: Integrated care
subject: WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire
subject: Clinical global impression scale
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Purpose: This study (a) assessed quality of life (QoL) in a patient sample with severe mental illness in an integrated psychiatric care (IC) programme in selected regions in Germany, (b) compared QoL among diagnostic groups and (c) identified socio-demographic, psychiatric anamnestic and clinical characteristics associated with QoL. Methods: This cross-sectional study included severely mentally ill outpatients with substantial impairments in social functioning. Separate dimensions of QoL were assessed with the World Health Organisation’s generic 26-item quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument. Descriptive analyses and analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted for the overall sample as well as for diagnostic group. Results: A total of 953 patients fully completed the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. QoL in this sample was lower than in the general population (mean 34.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 32.8 to 35.5), with the lowest QoL in unipolar depression patients (mean 30.5; 95% CI 28.9 to 32.2) and the highest in dementia patients (mean 53.0; 95% CI 47.5 to 58.5). Main psychiatric diagnosis, living situation (alone, partner/relatives, assisted), number of disease episodes, source of income, age and clinical global impression (CGI) scores were identified as potential predictors of QoL, but explained only a small part of the variation. Conclusion: Aspects of health care that increase QoL despite the presence of a mental disorder are essential for severely mentally ill patients, as complete freedom from the disorder cannot be expected. QoL as a patient-centred outcome should be used as only one component among the recovery measures evaluating treatment outcomes in mental health care.
YOUNG "dIPPER" STARS in UPPER SCO and OPH OBSERVED by K2
Creators: name: Gaidos, E.
name: Ansdell, M.
name: Kennedy, G.
name: Williams, J.P.
name: Lacourse, D.M.
name: Boyajian, T.S.
name: Rappaport, S.A.
name: Jek, K.J.
name: Jacobs, T.L.
name: Wyatt, M.C.
name: Mann, A.W.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2016

description: We present ten young (≲10 Myr) late-K and M dwarf stars observed in K2 Campaign 2 that host protoplanetary disks and exhibit quasi-periodic or aperiodic dimming events. Their optical light curves show ∼10-20 dips in flux over the 80-day observing campaign with durations of ∼0.5-2 days and depths of up to ∼40%. These stars are all members of the ρ Ophiuchus (∼1 Myr) or Upper Scorpius (∼10 Myr) star-forming regions. To investigate the nature of these "dippers" we obtained: optical and near-infrared spectra to determine stellar properties and identify accretion signatures; adaptive optics imaging to search for close companions that could cause optical variations and/or influence disk evolution; and millimeter-wavelength observations to constrain disk dust and gas masses. The spectra reveal Li i absorption and Hα emission consistent with stellar youth (<50 Myr), but also accretion rates spanning those of classical and weak-line T Tauri stars. Infrared excesses are consistent with protoplanetary disks extending to within ∼10 stellar radii in most cases; however, the sub-millimeter observations imply disk masses that are an order of magnitude below those of typical protoplanetary disks. We find a positive correlation between dip depth and WISE-2 (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer-2) excess, which we interpret as evidence that the dipper phenomenon is related to occulting structures in the inner disk, although this is difficult to reconcile with the weakly accreting aperiodic dippers. We consider three mechanisms to explain the dipper phenomenon: inner disk warps near the co-rotation radius related to accretion; vortices at the inner disk edge produced by the Rossby Wave Instability; and clumps of circumstellar material related to planetesimal formation.
Towards a complete picture of the Sco-Cen outflow
Creators: name: Piecka, M.
name: Hutschenreuter, S.
name: Alves, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies have shown strong evidence that the Sun is crossing an outflow originating from the Sco-Cen OB association. Understanding this outflow's origin and structure illuminates how massive star formation shapes the interstellar medium (ISM) and helps predict future Galactic conditions affecting our Solar System. We analysed H I emission and optical ISM absorption lines towards 47 early-type stars around the Upper Sco region to refine the map of the Sco-Cen outflow. Combined with data for nearby stars, we find that the outflow has at least two components: a faster, low-density component traced by Ca II, and a slower, possibly lower-density component traced by Mg II and Fe II in the UV that is passing through the Earth. A constant flow model successfully describes both components with $(l,b,|\vec{v}|) = (335.4^{\circ}, -6.8^{\circ}, 14.0 \,\,\textrm{km}\,\textrm{s}^{-1})$ and $(305.5^{\circ}, +17.6^{\circ}, 21.2\,\,\textrm{km}\,\textrm{s}^{-1})$, respectively. The origin of the faster component points towards the Sco-Cen 15 Myr population, which is consistent with the origin of the slower component within 2 $σ$. A simple model comparison indicates that a constant flow is favoured over a spherical flow geometry, implying an extended distribution of feedback sources within Sco-Cen. We also found that a poorly studied 25 pc long H I cloud at a distance of 107 pc belongs to the established Sco-Cen flow.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
A comparative study of Type II-P and II-L supernova rise times as exemplified by the case of LSQ13cuw
Creators: name: Gall, E. E. E.
name: Polshaw, J.
name: Kotak, R.
name: Jerkstrand, A.
name: Leibundgut, B.
name: Rabinowitz, D.
name: Sollerman, J.
name: Sullivan, M.
name: Smartt, S. J.
name: Anderson, J. P.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Baltay, C.
name: Feindt, U.
name: Fraser, M.
name: González-Gaitán, S.
name: Inserra, C.
name: Maguire, K.
name: McKinnon, R.
name: Valenti, S.
name: Young, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on our findings based on the analysis of observations of the Type II-L supernova LSQ13cuw within the framework of currently accepted physical predictions of core-collapse supernova explosions. LSQ13cuw was discovered within a day of explosion, hitherto unprecedented for Type II-L supernovae. This motivated a comparative study of Type II-P and II-L supernovae with relatively well-constrained explosion epochs and rise times to maximum (optical) light. From our sample of twenty such events, we find evidence of a positive correlation between the duration of the rise and the peak brightness. On average, SNe II-L tend to have brighter peak magnitudes and longer rise times than SNe II-P. However, this difference is clearest only at the extreme ends of the rise time versus peak brightness relation. Using two different analytical models, we performed a parameter study to investigate the physical parameters that control the rise time behaviour. In general, the models qualitatively reproduce aspects of the observed trends. We find that the brightness of the optical peak increases for larger progenitor radii and explosion energies, and decreases for larger masses. The dependence of the rise time on mass and explosion energy is smaller than the dependence on the progenitor radius. We find no evidence that the progenitors of SNe II-L have significantly smaller radii than those of SNe II-P.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, accepted by A&A
They are small worlds after all: Revised properties of Kepler M dwarf stars and their planets
Creators: name: Gaidos, E.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Ireland, M.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2016

description: We classified the reddest (r - J > 2.2) stars observed by the NASA Kepler mission into main-sequence dwarf or evolved giant stars and determined the properties of 4216 M dwarfs based on a comparison of available photometry with that of nearby calibrator stars, as well as available proper motions and spectra. We revised the properties of candidate transiting planets using the stellar parameters, high-resolution imaging to identify companion stars, and, in the case of binaries, fitting light curves to identify the likely planet host. In 49 of 54 systems, we validated the primary as the host star. We inferred the intrinsic distribution of M dwarf planets using the method of iterative Monte Carlo simulation. We compared several models of planet orbital geometry and clustering and found that one where planets are exponentially distributed and almost precisely coplanar best describes the distribution of multiplanet systems.We determined that KeplerMdwarfs host an average of 2.2 ± 0.3 planets with radii of 1-4 R⊕ and orbital periods of 1.5-180 d. The radius distribution peaks at~1.2 R⊕ and is essentially zero at 4R⊕, although we identify three giant planet candidates other than the previously confirmed Kepler-45b. There is suggestive but not significant evidence that the radius distribution varies with orbital period. The distribution with logarithmic orbital period is flat except for a decline for orbits less than a few days. 12 candidate planets, including two Jupiter-size objects, experience an irradiance below the threshold level for a runaway greenhouse on an Earth-like planet and are thus in a 'habitable zone'.
Cooperative Truck Platooning Trials on Canadian Public Roads under a Commercial Operation in Winter Driving Conditions
Creators: Jiang, Luo
Kheyrollahi, Javad
Koch, Charles Robert
Shahbakhti, Mahdi
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Conference Abstract. Part of the Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress 2022.
Optimizing BAO measurements with non-linear transformations of Lyman-alpha forest
Creators: name: Wang, Xinkang
name: Font-Ribera, Andreu
name: Seljak, Uros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the effect of applying a non-linear transformation to the Lyman-$α$ forest transmitted flux $F=e^{-τ}$ and the ability of analytic models to predict the resulting clustering amplitude. Both the large-scale bias of the transformed field (signal) and the amplitude of small scale fluctuations (noise) can be arbitrarily modified, but we were unable to find a transformation that increases significantly the signal-to-noise ratio on large scales using Taylor expansion up to third order. In particular, however, we achieve a 33% improvement in signal to noise for Gaussianized field in transverse direction. On the other hand, we explore an analytic model for the large-scale biasing of the Ly$α$ forest, and present an extension of this model to describe the biasing of the transformed fields. Using hydrodynamic simulations we show that the model works best to describe the biasing with respect to velocity gradients, but is less successful in predicting the biasing with respect to large-scale density fluctuations, especially for very nonlinear transformations.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, accepted by JCAP
Experiments and modelling of surge in turbocharger compressors
Creators: name: Gharaibeh, Karim
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Surge is a mode of flow instability in compressors that has plagued turbomachinery for almost a century. It is a system-level effect excited by the compressor and characterised by oscillations in mass flow and pressure in the through-flow direction. Currently, the lack of confidence in surge modelling accuracy forces engine designers to avoid large areas of the compressor map, potentially inhibiting engine performance. Indeed, industry’s need to better understand and model surge in turbocharger compressors led to the present investigation. A dedicated test rig was built to experimentally study two different production turbocharger compressors of equal nominal dimensions: the ‘C288’ and ‘C117’, as used in the CAT C9.3 ACERT™ industrial engine. These compressors were tested under steady conditions – providing a performance map extending beyond the supplier surge line, and transient conditions – providing measurements of the compression system undergoing surge. The shape of the steady speed lines was found to be much flatter in the C117 compressor, which drives a more gradual transition from mild to deep surge than the C288 compressor. The compressors also exhibited contrasting frequencies of mild surge (9.6 Hz and 5.1 Hz for the C288 and C117, respectively). A surge model was developed in the Dynasty simulation tool. Alterations to existing code extrapolated compressor performance to the stalled and reverse flow regions, and implemented a more accurate representation of energy flow and use of upstream conditions for map correction during reverse flow. These improvements allowed the simulation to match the measured frequencies and amplitudes of data from literature and the present experimental campaign. For example, mild surge simulations in Dynasty predicted a frequency of 9.7Hz, very close to the measured value of 9.6Hz. Deep surge periods were simulated within 0.4% and mass flow amplitude within 9.2%, of their measured values, demonstrating excellent agreement and proving the model’s predictive capabilities. A novel compressor shaft torque sensor was developed to address the lack of knowledge of how compressor torque varies during surge events, in literature and industry. The sensor was used to measure torque during mild and deep surge transients, providing data that is the first of its kind. The experimental results and numerical methodologies reported herein provide improvements to the understanding and prediction of surge behaviour, and pave the way for additional research in this field.
A Pan-STARRS 1 study of the relationship between wide binarity and planet occurrence in the Kepler field
Creators: name: Flewelling, H.
name: Chambers, K.C.
name: Wainscoat, R.J.
name: Hodapp, K.W.
name: Burgett, W.S.
name: Tonry, J.L.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Deacon, N.R.
name: Kaiser, N.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Magnier, E.A.
name: Waters, C.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2016

description: The NASA Kepler mission has revolutionized time-domain astronomy and has massively expanded the number of known extrasolar planets. However, the effect of wide multiplicity on exoplanet occurrence has not been tested with this data set. We present a sample of 401 wide multiple systems containing at least one Kepler target star. Our method uses Pan- STARRS 1 and archival data to produce an accurate proper motion catalogue of the Kepler field. Combined with Pan-STARRS 1 SED fits and archival proper motions for bright stars, we use a newly developed probabilistic algorithm to identify likely wide binary pairs which are not chance associations. As byproducts of this we present stellar SED templates in the Pan-STARRS 1 photometric system and conversions from this system to Kepler magnitudes. We find that Kepler target stars in our binary sample with separations above 6 arcsec are no more or less likely to be identified as confirmed or candidate planet hosts than a weighted comparison sample of Kepler targets of similar brightness and spectral type. Therefore we find no evidence that binaries with projected separations greater than 3000 au affect the occurrence rate of planets with P < 300 d around FGK stars.
Cosmology on a cosmic ring
Creators: name: Niedermann, Florian
name: Schneider, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the modified Friedmann equations for a generalization of the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) model in which the brane has one additional compact dimension. The main new feature is the emission of gravitational waves into the bulk. We study two classes of solutions: First, if the compact dimension is stabilized, the waves vanish and one exactly recovers DGP cosmology. However, a stabilization by means of physical matter is not possible for a tension-dominated brane, thus implying a late time modification of 4D cosmology different from DGP. Second, for a freely expanding compact direction, we find exact attractor solutions with zero 4D Hubble parameter despite the presence of a 4D cosmological constant. The model hence constitutes an explicit example of dynamical degravitation at the full non-linear level. Without stabilization, however, there is no 4D regime and the model is ruled out observationally, as we demonstrate explicitly by comparing to supernova data.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures; v2: matches version published in JCAP
Principles for impact assessment of PILOTING against SoEL requirements
Creators: name: PILOTING Project
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This deliverable constitutes an update of the deliverable D9.1 and concerns the PILOTING project's social, ethical, and legal (SoEL) aspects. The deliverable D9.1 identified, at the time of writing (June of 2020), the SoEL principles which applied to the PILOTING project, to set the requirements that constituted a benchmark against which project activities and outcomes were assessed, the "PILOTING Impact Assessment Framework". The deliverable D9.3 aims to update the SoEL principles with any updates to legislation that have occurred in the last two years. Furthermore, currently, the third year of the project is underway, and the first development phase has been completed. The PILOTING consortium is now working on the integration and validation part of the PILOTING solution. In this stage of the project, the PILOTING consortium has a best knowledge of the final PILOTING solution and is able to analyse better the SoEL requirements that can be applied to the project. Then, the "PILOTING Impact Assessment Framework" (guidelines for the impact assessment, which apply to each "PILOTING Impact scenario") defined in the D9.1 has been updated taking into account the new requirements identified. Finally, this deliverable maintains the impact assessment methodology, which will occur in three phases: the initial phase consisting in setting the framework (the deliverables D9.1 and D9.3); performing the impact assessment during each iteration of the PILOTING project: each one corresponding to Deliverable 9.2 and 9.4 respectively; and the continuous monitoring of the impacts upon SoEL requirements.
K2-97b: A (RE-?)INFLATED PLANET ORBITING A RED GIANT STAR
Creators: name: Howard, A.W.
name: Petigura, E.
name: Sinukoff, E.J.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Fulton, B.J.
name: Huber, D.
name: Lopez, E.D.
name: Gaidos, E.
name: Barclay, T.
name: Aguirre, V.S.
name: Grunblatt, S.K.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Fortney, J.J.
name: Isaacson, H.T.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2016

description: Strongly irradiated giant planets are observed to have radii larger than thermal evolution models predict. Although these inflated planets have been known for over 15 years, it is unclear whether their inflation is caused by the deposition of energy from the host star or the inhibited cooling of the planet. These processes can be distinguished if the planet becomes highly irradiated only when the host star evolves onto the red giant branch. We report the discovery of K2-97b, a 1.31 ±0.11 R J, 1.10 ±0.11 M J planet orbiting a 4.20 ±0.14 R o, 1.16 ±0.12 M o red giant star with an orbital period of 8.4 days. We precisely constrained stellar and planetary parameters by combining asteroseismology, spectroscopy, and granulation noise modeling along with transit and radial velocity measurements. The uncertainty in planet radius is dominated by systematic differences in transit depth, which we measure to be up to 30% between different light-curve reduction methods. Our calculations indicate the incident flux on this planet was 170+140 -60 times the incident flux on Earth, while the star was on the main sequence. Previous studies suggest that this incident flux is insufficient to delay planetary cooling enough to explain the present planet radius. This system thus provides the first evidence that planets may be inflated directly by incident stellar radiation rather than by delayed loss of heat from formation. Further studies of planets around red giant branch stars will confirm or contradict this hypothesis and may reveal a new class of re-inflated planets.
MPEC 2023-F214 : 2023 FM7
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 FM7

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Development of high vorticity structures in incompressible 3D Euler equations
Creators: name: Agafontsev, D. S.
name: Kuznetsov, E. A.
name: Mailybaev, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the systematic numerical study of high vorticity structures that develop in the 3D incompressible Euler equations from generic large-scale initial conditions. We observe that a multitude of high vorticity structures appear in the form of thin vorticity sheets (pancakes). Our analysis reveals the self-similarity of the pancakes evolution, which is governed by two different exponents $e^{-t/T_{\ell}}$ and $e^{t/T_ω}$ describing compression in the transverse direction and the vorticity growth respectively, with the universal ratio $T_{\ell}/T_ω \approx 2/3$. We relate development of these structures to the gradual formation of the Kolmogorov energy spectrum $E_{k}\propto\, k^{-5/3}$, which we observe in a fully inviscid system. With the spectral analysis we demonstrate that the energy transfer to small scales is performed through the pancake structures, which accumulate in the Kolmogorov interval of scales and evolve according to the scaling law $ω_{\max} \propto \ell^{-2/3}$ for the local vorticity maximums $ω_{\max}$ and the transverse pancake scales $\ell$.
description: 31 pages, 18 figures
ZODIACAL EXOPLANETS in TIME (ZEIT). III. A SHORT-PERIOD PLANET ORBITING A PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE STAR in the UPPER SCORPIUS OB ASSOCIATION
Creators: name: Jaffe, D.T.
name: Kidder, B.
name: Irwin, J.
name: Gaidos, E.
name: Charbonneau, D.
name: Johnson, M.C.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Mace, G.N.
name: Covey, K.R.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Ireland, M.J.
name: Newton, E.R.
name: Rizzuto, A.C.
name: Ansdell, M.
name: Feiden, G.A.
name: James, D.J.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2016

description: We confirm and characterize a close-in (Porb = 5.425 days), super-Neptune sized (5.04-0.37 +0.34 R⊕) planet transiting K2-33 (2MASS J16101473-1919095), a late-type (M3) pre-main-sequence (11 Myr old) star in the Upper Scorpius subgroup of the ScorpiusCentaurus OB association. The host star has the kinematics of a member of the Upper Scorpius OB association, and its spectrum contains lithium absorption, an unambiguous sign of youth (<20 Myr) in late-type dwarfs. We combine photometry from K2 and the ground-based MEarth project to refine the planet's properties and constrain the host star's density. We determine K2-33's bolometric flux and effective temperature from moderate-resolution spectra. By utilizing isochrones that include the effects of magnetic fields, we derive a precise radius (6%-7%) and mass (16%) for the host star, and a stellar age consistent with the established value for Upper Scorpius. Follow-up high-resolution imaging and Doppler spectroscopy confirm that the transiting object is not a stellar companion or a background eclipsing binary blended with the target. The shape of the transit, the constancy of the transit depth and periodicity over 1.5 yr, and the independence with wavelength rule out stellar variability or a dust cloud or debris disk partially occulting the star as the source of the signal; we conclude that it must instead be planetary in origin. The existence of K2-33b suggests that close-in planets can form in situ or migrate within ∼10 Myr, e.g., via interactions with a disk, and that long-timescale dynamical migration such as by Lidov-Kozai or planetplanet scattering is not responsible for all short-period planets.
Star Formation in Extreme Environments: A 200 pc High Velocity Gas Stream in the Galactic Centre
Creators: name: Veena, V. S.
name: Kim, W. -J.
name: Sanchez-Monge, Alvaro
name: Schilke, P.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Fuller, G. A.
name: Sormani, M. C.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Banda-Barragan, W. E.
name: Riquelme, D.
name: Tarrio, P.
name: de Vicente, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expanding molecular ring (EMR) manifests itself as a parallelogram in the position-velocity diagram of spectral line emission from the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) surrounding the Galacic centre (GC). Using multiwavelength data, we investigate the gas kinematics, star formation activity, and the presence of shocked gas in a 200 pc long high velocity gas stream (V~ +150 km/s) with a double helix morphology named the helix stream, that is located 15-55 pc above the CMZ and is kinematically associated with the EMR/parallelogram. We carried out molecular line observations using the IRAM 30m, Yebes 40m, and APEX 12m telescopes. The detection of four rotational transitions of the SiO molecule indicate the presence of shocks. We derived the SiO column densities and abundances in different regions of the helix stream. The presence of protostellar clumps and a candidate HII region signify the ongoing star formation activity within the helix stream. The cloud is massive (2.5x10^6 M_sun) and highly turbulent. We find evidence of cloud-cloud collisions towards the eastern edge (l~1.3°), suggesting a dynamic interaction with the CMZ. An expanding shell is detected within the cloud with radius of 6.7 pc and an expansion velocity of 35 km/s. The shell might be powered by several supernovae or a single hypernova. The SiO abundance within the helix stream implies extensive shock processes occurring on large scales. The helical or cork-screw velocity structure of the helix stream indicates twisting and turning motions within the cloud. We propose that the helix stream is the continuation of the near side bar lane, that is overshooting after brushing the CMZ. Our findings carry profound implications for understanding star formation in extreme conditions and elucidate the intricate properties of gas and dust associated with nuclear inflows in barred spiral galaxies.
description: 20 pages, 20 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Shallow Cavities in Multiple-Planet Systems
Creators: name: Duffell, Paul C.
name: Dong, Ruobing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large cavities are often observed in protoplanetary disks, which might suggest the presence of planets opening gaps in the disk. Multiple planets are necessary to produce a wide cavity in the gas. However, multiple planets may also be a burden to the carving out of very deep gaps. When additional planets are added to the system, the time-dependent perturbations from these additional satellites can stir up gas in the gap, suppressing cavity opening. In this study, we perform two-dimensional numerical hydro calculations of gap opening for single and multiple planets, showing the effect that additional planets have on the gap depths. We show that multiple planets produce much shallower cavities than single planets, so that more massive planets are needed in the multiple-planet case to produce an equivalent gap depth as in the single-planet case. To deplete a gap by a factor of 100 for the parameters chosen in this study, one only requires $M_p \approx 3.5M_J$ in the single-planet case, but much more massive planets, $M_p \approx 7M_J$ are required in the multiple-planet case. This requirement of high-mass planets implies that such planets may be detectable in the next generation of direct imaging projects, in gaps whose depths are constrained to be sufficiently deep by ALMA.
description: ApJ Accepted
Additional file 2: of Study protocol for a randomized, blinded, controlled trial of ketamine for acute painful crisis of sickle cell disease
Creators: name: Alshahrani, Mohammed
name: Asonto, Laila
name: Tahan, Mohamed
name: Sulaibikh, Amal
name: Sukayna Faraj
name: Mulhim, Abdullah
name: Abbad, Murad
name: Nahhash, Samar
name: Moath Aldarweesh
name: Mahmoud, Alaa
name: Nisreen Almaghraby
name: Jumaan, Mohammed
name: Thamir Junaid
name: Hawaj, Faisal
name: AlKenany, Samar
name: ElSayed, Omaima
name: Abdelwahab, Haitham
name: Moussa, Mohamed
name: Bader Alossaimi
name: Shaikah Alotaibi
name: AlMutairi, Talal
name: Duaa AlSulaiman
name: Shahrani, Saad
name: Alfaraj, Donia
name: Alhazzani, Waleed
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Ketamine for acute painful crisis in sickle cell disease patientsâ  recognition pathway. (DOCX 115 kb)
Athermal package for OH suppression filters in astronomy part 1: design
Creators: name: Alvarez, Carlos Enrique Rordriguez
name: Rahman, Aashia
name: Önel, Hakan
name: Dionies, Frank
name: Paschke, Jens
name: Bauer, Svend-Marian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the design of an athermal package for fiber Bragg grating (FBG)filters fabricated at our Institute for use in ground-based near-infrared (NIR) telescopes. Aperiodic multichannel FBG filters combined with photonic lanterns can effectively filter out extremely bright atmospheric hydroxyl (OH) emission lines that severely hinder ground-based NIR observations. While FBGs have the capability of filtering specific wavelengths with high precision, due to their sensitivity to temperature variations, the success in their performance as OH suppression filters depends on a suitable athermal package that can maintain the deviations of the FBG wavelengths from that of the OH emission lines within sub-picometer accuracy over a temperature range of about 40 K. (i.e. 263 K to 303 K). We aim to develop an athermal package over the aforementioned temperature range for an optical fiber consisting of multichannel FBGs for a maximum filter length of 110 mm. In this work, we demonstrate the complete design methodology of such a package. First, we developed a custom-built test rig to study a wide range of critical physical properties of the fiber, such as strain and temperature sensitivities, elastic modulus, optimum fiber pre-tension, and adhesion performance.Next, we used these data to confirm the athermal response of an FBG bonded on the test rig from room temperature to 313 K. Based on this study, we developed a computer-aided design (CAD) model of the package and analyzed its athermal characteristics with a suitable selection of materials and their nominal dimensions using finite element analysis (FEA). We finally discuss the novel aspects of the design to achieve high-precision thermal stabilization of these filters in the temperature range of interest.
description: 13 Pages, 6 figures, 2 Tables, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation
Design and evaluation of organic semiconductors for spintronic, singlet fission and bioelectronic device applications
Creators: name: Marks, Adam
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Organic semiconductors combine the attractive properties of common plastics with electrical conductivities typical of metals, enabling their use across a wide range of emerging technologies. The synthetic utility of these materials allows the optoelectronics to be manipulated towards a diverse set of applications, ranging from photovoltaics to biological sensors. As such this thesis spans across four unique disciplines with organic semiconductors acting as the underlying motif throughout. Chapter 2 focuses on singlet fission, a third-generation photovoltaic technology, aiming to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of solar cell efficiency. The synthesis of an original series of indenofluorene dimers, separated by a phenyl bridging unit, is presented herein. The complex optoelectronics of this system were then investigated using transient absorption spectroscopy to elucidate the feasibility for singlet fission. The indenofluorene backbone is further investigated in Chapter 3 as a spin sink material, demonstrating the versatility of this backbone. The quinoidal nature of this unit, alongside the corresponding thiophene-containing analogue of indacenodithiophene and a series of higher biradical character materials are synthesised and probed within a unique spintronic device, specifically the ferromagnetic linewidth broadening experiment. Chapter 4 moves towards the area of organic semiconducting polymers, presenting the effects of sidechain manipulation on the mode of operation for a series of novel n-type polymers containing a fused aromatic backbone and ethylene glycol solubilising chains. These fused systems, synthesised using a metal catalyst free Aldol polycondensation, show excellent ambient stability and promise as semiconductor materials in both thermoelectric devices and organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). Complementary to the n-type OECT channel materials in Chapter 4, a series of p-type materials is showcased in Chapter 5, investigating the effect of hybrid polarity (alkyl and ethylene glycol based) sidechains on OECT device performance. The four disciplines detailed herein are just a sampling of the versatility of organic semiconducting materials.
THE IMPACT of STELLAR MULTIPLICITY on PLANETARY SYSTEMS. I. the RUINOUS INFLUENCE of CLOSE BINARY COMPANIONS
Creators: name: Mann, A.W.
name: Dupuy, T.J.
name: Kraus, A.L.
name: Ireland, M.J.
name: Huber, D.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2016

description: The dynamical influence of binary companions is expected to profoundly influence planetary systems. However, the difficulty of identifying planets in binary systems has left the magnitude of this effect uncertain; despite numerous theoretical hurdles to their formation and survival, at least some binary systems clearly host planets. We present high-resolution imaging of 382 Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) obtained using adaptive-optics imaging and nonredundant aperture-mask interferometry on the Keck II telescope. Among the full sample of 506 candidate binary companions to KOIs, we super-resolve some binary systems to projected separations of <5 au, showing that planets might form in these dynamically active environments. However, the full distribution of projected separations for our planet-host sample more broadly reveals a deep paucity of binary companions at solar-system scales. For a field binary population, we should have found 58 binary companions with projected separation ρ < 50 au and mass ratio q > 0.4; we instead only found 23 companions (a 4.6σ deficit), many of which must be wider pairs that are only close in projection. When the binary population is parametrized with a semimajor axis cutoff a cut and a suppression factor inside that cutoff S bin, we find with correlated uncertainties that inside au, the planet occurrence rate in binary systems is only times that of wider binaries or single stars. Our results demonstrate that a fifth of all solar-type stars in the Milky Way are disallowed from hosting planetary systems due to the influence of a binary companion.
Numerical modelling of thermo-active retaining walls
Creators: name: Sailer, Eleonora
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: The exploitation of the energy stored in the ground through geotechnical structures poses new challenges to geotechnical engineers due to effects related to temperature changes that have to be considered in the design of these structures. Underground structures, such as piles, retaining walls or tunnel linings, can be equipped with heat exchanger pipes through which thermal energy is exchanged with the ground to provide low-carbon space heating and cooling. The exchange of energy imposes temperature changes to the structure and the ground, which can induce additional stresses and strains within the structures, as well as leading to thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) interactions within the ground. The research presented in this thesis focuses on the analysis of these phenomena in relation to the utilisation of retaining walls as heat exchangers, also termed thermo-active retaining walls. The aim of this research is to assess the impact of temperature variations on the behaviour of thermo-active retaining walls and the surrounding soil and to provide efficient modelling approaches for their design. In recent years, the Imperial College Finite Element Program (ICEFP) has been upgraded to include a fully coupled THM formulation for saturated soils as well as special types of elements for the simulation of the heat exchanger pipes, allowing the simulation of complex boundary value problems including thermo-active structures. Firstly, the phenomena taking place within the soil when temperature changes are applied are analysed in detail to provide the basis for the assessment and interpretation of the performance of thermo-active retaining walls. Subsequently, modelling approaches for the accurate simulation of the pipe-structure-soil interaction within three-dimensional analyses of thermo-active retaining walls are established and validated against field data. The findings are employed to develop simple and computationally efficient modelling approaches to simulate thermo-active walls in two-dimensional analyses, focussing both on their energy efficiency and structural behaviour.
Multiwavelength Achromatic Metasurfaces by Dispersive Phase Compensation
Creators: name: Aieta, Francesco
name: Kats, Mikhail A.
name: Genevet, Patrice
name: Capasso, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The replacement of bulk refractive optical elements with diffractive planar components enables the miniaturization of optical systems. However, diffractive optics suffers from large chromatic aberrations due to the dispersion of the phase accumulated by light during propagation. We show that this limitation can be overcome with an engineered wavelength-dependent phase shift imparted by a metasurface and demonstrate a design that deflects three wavelengths without dispersion. A planar lens without chromatic aberrations at three wavelengths is also presented. Our design is based on low-loss dielectric resonators which introduce a dense spectrum of optical modes to enable dispersive phase compensation. The suppression of chromatic aberrations in metasurface-based planar photonics will find applications in lightweight collimators for displays, and chromatically-corrected imaging systems.
Schulinseln in der Deutschschweiz. Ein diskursanalytischer Annäherungsversuch
Creators: name: Bruppacher, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit
Schulinsel
alternativer Lernort

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Phänomen "Schulinseln" oder "alternative Lernorte", welches in der Deutschschweiz seit einigen Jahren beobachtet werden kann. Anhand eines an die wissenssoziologische Diskursanalyse nach Reiner Keller angelehnten Forschungsverfahrens wurde untersucht, wie die Merkmale dieses Phänomens durch die beteiligten Akteure diskursiv konstituiert und strukturiert werden. Die Studie ergab, dass Schulinseln als Orte des schulischen Lernens dargestellt werden, welche Ruhe und Entlastung, sowie eine enge Betreuung und Förderung bieten, insbesondere in den Bereichen Selbstreflexion und Erarbeitung alternativer Verhaltensweisen. Die Akteure konstituieren Schulinseln als betont integratives Angebot und als erfolgreiche pädagogische Innovation, welche vielfältige positive Effekte erzielt. Die Reichweite des untersuchten (Spezial-)diskurses ist als eher gering zu bezeichnen.
MARVEL D6.3: Demonstrator execution - final version
Creators: name: Festi, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: smart cities
demonstrator
multimodal
use case

description: This deliverable provides a detailed description of the experiments’ realisation following the line of D1.2 and D6.1, taking into consideration the progress of the work done from month 19 (July 2022) to month 30 (June 2023) concerning the experimental protocol alignment of Task 6.1 and the configuration of the framework and execution of real-life societal use cases of Task 6.2. The implementation of the use cases planned for the second part of the project (R2) and the variations made to the use cases implemented in the first part of the project (R1) are reported. Each use case is described in terms of framework and data flows configuration, applied multimodal and privacy-aware intelligence, execution of real social experiments, as well as demonstration of operation by reporting the experimental indicators and associated metrics for all experiments (Task 6.3).
Magnetic fields in mixed neutron-star-plus-wormhole systems
Creators: name: Aringazin, Ascar
name: Dzhunushaliev, Vladimir
name: Folomeev, Vladimir
name: Kleihaus, Burkhard
name: Kunz, Jutta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider mixed configurations consisting of a wormhole filled by a strongly magnetized isotropic or anisotropic neutron fluid. The nontrivial topology of the spacetime is allowed by the presence of exotic matter. By comparing these configurations with ordinary magnetized neutron stars, we clarify the question of how the presence of the nontrivial topology influences the magnetic field distribution inside the fluid. In the case of an anisotropic fluid, we find new solutions describing configurations, where the maximum of the fluid density is shifted from the center. A linear stability analysis shows that these mixed configurations are unstable.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, minor corrections to content, version published in JCAP
The K2-esprint project. I. Discovery of the disintegrating rocky planet k2-22b with a cometary head and leading tail
Creators: name: Delrez, L.
name: Gillon, M.
name: Howard, A.W.
name: Onitsuka, M.
name: Miles-Páez, P.A.
name: Jehin, E.
name: Kuzuhara, M.
name: Stassun, K.G.
name: Nowak, G.
name: Devore, J.
name: Hirano, T.
name: Gandolfi, D.
name: Marcy, G.W.
name: Winn, J.N.
name: Narita, N.
name: Holman, M.
name: Fukui, A.
name: Isaacson, H.
name: Paegert, M.
name: Dai, F.
name: Sanchis-Ojeda, R.
name: Albrecht, S.
name: Gaidos, E.
name: Rappaport, S.
name: Montañés-Rodríguez, P.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Yu, L.
name: Pallé, E.
name: Ribas, I.
name: Eylen, V.V.
name: Murgas, F.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2015

description: We present the discovery of a transiting exoplanet candidate in the K2 Field-1 with an orbital period of 9.1457 hr: K2-22b. The highly variable transit depths, ranging from ∼0% to 1.3%, are suggestive of a planet that is disintegrating via the emission of dusty effluents. We characterize the host star as an M-dwarf with Teff ≃ 3800 K. We have obtained ground-based transit measurements with several 1-m class telescopes and with the GTC. These observations (1) improve the transit ephemeris; (2) confirm the variable nature of the transit depths; (3) indicate variations in the transit shapes; and (4) demonstrate clearly that at least on one occasion the transit depths were significantly wavelength dependent. The latter three effects tend to indicate extinction of starlight by dust rather than by any combination of solid bodies. The K2 observations yield a folded light curve with lower time resolution but with substantially better statistical precision compared with the ground-based observations. We detect a significant "bump" just after the transit egress, and a less significant bump just prior to transit ingress. We interpret these bumps in the context of a planet that is not only likely streaming a dust tail behind it, but also has a more prominent leading dust trail that precedes it. This effect is modeled in terms of dust grains that can escape to beyond the planet's Hill sphere and effectively undergo "Roche lobe overflow," even though the planet's surface is likely underfilling its Roche lobe by a factor of 2.
Finding unstable periodic orbits for nonlinear dynamical systems using polynomial optimisation
Creators: name: Lakshmi, Mayur Venkatram
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Computing unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) for systems governed by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is a fundamental problem in the study of nonlinear dynamical systems that exhibit chaotic dynamics. Success of any existing method to compute UPOs relies on the availability of very good initial guesses for both the UPO and its time period. This thesis presents a computational framework for computing UPOs that are extremal, in the sense that they optimise the infinite-time average of a certain observable. Constituting this framework are two novel techniques. The first is a method to localise extremal UPOs for polynomial ODE systems that does not rely on numerical integration. The UPO search procedure relies on polynomial optimisation to construct nonnegative polynomials whose sublevel sets approximately localise parts of the extremal periodic orbit. Points inside the relevant sublevel sets can then be computed efficiently through direct nonlinear optimisation. Such points provide good initial conditions for UPO computations with existing algorithms. The second technique involves the addition of a control term to the original polynomial ODE system to reduce the instability of the extremal UPO, and, in some cases, to provably stabilise it. This control methodology produces a family of controlled systems parametrised by a control amplitude, to which existing UPO-finding algorithms are often more easily applied. The practical potential of these techniques is demonstrated by applying them to find extremal UPOs for a nine-dimensional model of sinusoidally forced shear ﬂow, an extended version of the Lorenz system, and two different three-dimensional chaotic ODE systems. Extensions of the framework to non-polynomial and Hamiltonian ODE systems are also discussed.