cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the sequence $αn!$
Creators: name: Aleksenko, Alena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that there exists $α\in \mathbb{R}$ such that for any $N$ the dicrepancy $D_N$ of the sequence $\{αn !\} ,\, 1\le n \le N$ satisfies $ D_N = O(\log N)$.
Feature Selection Strategies for Classifying High Dimensional Astronomical Data Sets
Creators: name: Donalek, Ciro
name: A., Arun Kumar
name: Djorgovski, S. G.
name: Mahabal, Ashish A.
name: Graham, Matthew J.
name: Fuchs, Thomas J.
name: Turmon, Michael J.
name: Philip, N. Sajeeth
name: Yang, Michael Ting-Chang
name: Longo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The amount of collected data in many scientific fields is increasing, all of them requiring a common task: extract knowledge from massive, multi parametric data sets, as rapidly and efficiently possible. This is especially true in astronomy where synoptic sky surveys are enabling new research frontiers in the time domain astronomy and posing several new object classification challenges in multi dimensional spaces; given the high number of parameters available for each object, feature selection is quickly becoming a crucial task in analyzing astronomical data sets. Using data sets extracted from the ongoing Catalina Real-Time Transient Surveys (CRTS) and the Kepler Mission we illustrate a variety of feature selection strategies used to identify the subsets that give the most information and the results achieved applying these techniques to three major astronomical problems.
description: 7 pages, to appear in refereed proceedings of Scalable Machine Learning: Theory and Applications, IEEE BigData 2013
Regulatory limitations and global stakeholder mapping of carbon capture and storage technology – a legal and multi-level perspective analysis
Creators: name: Georgieva, Slavina Zdravelinova
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technology (CCS) is propounded as one of the key bridging technologies and temporary abatement measure in the battle against climate change. Not only is it based on well-established technology, used and improved upon for decades in the fossil fuels industry, but it also has the potential to remove vast quantities of CO2 from the atmosphere giving much needed alleviation away from climate tipping points. Despite these advantages, CCS has been slow to start and easy to stall, with financial risk and uncertainty, lack of regulatory cohesion and a disjointed policy mix all playing a part in impeding its commercialization. Systems Thinking and Transition Theory in particular have been widely adopted as methodologies which have the potential to elucidate the barriers to development in socio-technical systems of the likes of CCS. Using one such theory - Multi-Level Perspective Analysis - as an analytical framework, an in-depth investigation was performed of both the ‘Niche’ and ‘Regime’ of CCS. This was undertaken through a comprehensive legal and regulatory analysis and a global survey of 604 stakeholders involved in research and development throughout the technology chain. The combined examination of the legal and stakeholder system boundaries is used to set the ‘chessboard’ and ‘pieces’ upon which further analysis of the ‘combinations’ of moves open to CCS will be revealed. In essence, the regulatory and stakeholder configurations, which most lend themselves to CCS technology development, are explored and elucidated. This is done with the aim to address the knowledge gaps in the legal and regulatory requirements necessary for implementing CCS on a wider scale, as identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2005).
Progress in the First Five Years: An Evaluation of Achieving the Dream Colleges in Washington State
Creators: name: Jenkins, Paul Davis
name: Wachen, John
name: Kerrigan, Monica Reid
name: Mayer, Alexander K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: In 2004, Lumina Foundation for Education launched an innovative national reform initiative, Achieving the Dream (ATD), with the purpose of increasing the persistence and completion rates of community college students, especially low-income students and students of color, through evidence-based institutional change. Originally consisting of 26 partner colleges in five states, today more than 150 colleges in 30 states and the District of Columbia participate in ATD, which in 2010 became a national nonprofit organization.This report examines six community and technical colleges in Washington State that joined the initiative in 2006 (“Round 3”) and were provided with grant funding from College Spark Washington and the services of a leadership coach and data coach to facilitate their ATD efforts. The report (1) describes the progress each college made in implementing ATD’s “culture of evidence” principles for institutional improvement; (2) examines strategies implemented by the colleges to improve student outcomes, comparing them to interventions developed by the 26 “Round 1” colleges that joined ATD in 2004; and (3) charts trends in student outcomes in the period before and after the Washington colleges joined the initiative. The report also examines lessons from the experiences of the Washington ATD colleges for other colleges seeking to improve student outcomes. This study was conducted during a period of both rapid enrollment growth and sharp cuts in state funding. Making systemic changes in practice in ways that the Washington ATD colleges have begun to do and in the other ways recommended in this report requires resources — resources for new and strengthened information systems, for professional development and training, and for coordination. The Washington colleges have shown that even during a period of dramatic cuts in funding, they have been willing to make major changes in practice. The fact that they have reallocated scarce resources toward practices that have the potential to be more effective illustrates their commitment to greater student success.
Photon emission in neutral current interactions at intermediate energies
Creators: name: Wang, E.
name: Alvarez-Ruso, L.
name: Nieves, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutral current photon emission reactions with nucleons and nuclei are studied. These processes are important backgrounds for nu_mu to nu_e (bar(nu)_mu to bar(nu)_e) appearance oscillation experiments where electromagnetic showers instigated by electrons (positrons) and photons are not distinguishable. At intermediate energies, these reactions are dominated by the weak excitation of the Delta(1232) resonance and its subsequent decay into Ngamma There are also non-resonant contributions that, close to threshold, are fully determined by the effective chiral Lagrangian of strong interactions. In addition, we have also included mechanisms mediated by nucleon excitations (N*) from the second resonance region above the Delta(1232). From these states, the contribution of the D13 N*(1520) turns out to be sizable for (anti)neutrino energies above 1.5 GeV. We have extended the model to nuclear targets taking, into account Pauli blocking, Fermi motion and the in-medium Delta resonance broadening. We present our predictions for both the incoherent and coherent channels, showing the relevance of the nuclear corrections. We also discuss the target mass dependence of the cross sections. This study is important in order to reduce systematic effects in neutrino oscillation experiments.
description: 27 pages, 12 figures
One pot chemical vapor deposition of high optical quality large area monolayer Janus transition metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Gan, Ziyang
name: Paradisanos, Ioannis
name: Estrada-Real, Ana
name: Picker, Julian
name: Najafidehaghani, Emad
name: Davies, Francis
name: Neumann, Christof
name: Robert, Cedric
name: Wiecha, Peter
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Marie, Xavier
name: Krasheninnikov, Arkady V.
name: Urbaszek, Bernhard
name: George, Antony
name: Turchanin, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report one-pot chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of large-area Janus SeMoS monolayers, with the asymmetric top (Se) and bottom (S) chalcogen atomic planes with respect to the central transition metal (Mo) atoms. The formation of these two-dimensional semiconductor monolayers takes place upon the thermodynamic equilibrium-driven exchange of the bottom Se atoms of the initially grown MoSe2 single crystals on gold foils with S atoms. The growth process is characterized by complementary experimental techniques including Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the growth mechanisms are rationalized by first principle calculations. The remarkably high optical quality of the synthesized Janus monolayers is demonstrated by optical and magneto-optical measurements which reveal the strong exciton-phonon coupling and enable to obtain the exciton g-factor of -3.3.
The New Economic Development Role of the Community College
Creators: name: Dougherty, Kevin J.
name: Bakia, Marianne F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: In the past two decades, community colleges have broadened their economic development role to include contract training, small business assistance, and local economic planning. This brief summarizes this new economic role in relationship to five different industries: auto manufacturing, apparel making, construction, banking, and auto repair. The report examines the extent and form, the origins, the variation in demand and supply, and the impact of this role by analyzing the interactions between these industries and more than 20 community colleges in five states.
The Cosmic Web Crystal: Ising model for Large Scale Structures
Creators: name: Giani, Leonardo
name: Davis, Tamara M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If Dark Matter halos possess the gravitational equivalent of an intrinsic magnetic spin, a formal analogy exists between the low redshift behaviour of the Cosmic Web in a flat FLRW background, and a crystal of spins submerged in a thermal reservoir with temperature $T \propto H(t)$. We argue that, within the use of the Bianchi type IX geometry to describe the gravitational collapse of matter inhomogeneities, the spins are nothing but the heritage of its underlying $SU(2)$ symmetry. Therefore, just like electrons in quantum mechanics, these structures may have spin independently from their orbital angular momentum. We explore the phenomenological implications on cosmological scales of a possible late time phase transition of the Cosmic Web towards (the gravitational equivalent of) a ferromagnetic state, described qualitatively using the Ising model in the mean field approximation.
description: Essay written for the Gravity Research Foundation 2022 Awards for Essays on Gravitation, awarded Honorable Mention
Educational Outcomes of Occupational Postsecondary Students
Creators: name: Bailey, Thomas R.
name: Alfonso, Mariana
name: Scott, Marc
name: Leinbach, D. Timothy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: This report examines whether postsecondary occupational students, particularly at the sub-baccalaureate level, are more likely than other types of postsecondary students to achieve their educational goals. We first analyze what proportion of occupational students who set out to earn a particular certificate or degree actually complete that credential. We then compare these findings with similar findings about postsecondary students enrolled in academic programs. Section II reviews the research literature related to postsecondary persistence and completion. Section III discusses how we identified the three groups of students and briefly describes similarities and differences among the samples we used. Section IV provides a descriptive analysis of the student groups and describes retention and college completion for each group, and the variables used in our analyses. Section V specifies our empirical approach, discusses our findings and extends the analysis to focus on the effect of occupational education on special populations, such as academically and economically disadvantaged associate students. Section VI provides an analysis of one- and three-year persistence rates, with an emphasis on occupational students seeking associate degrees. It also discusses the findings and integrates them with those from the completion analyses of section V. Finally, we summarize our findings and discuss policy implications in section VII.
Biological characterization, mechanistic investigation and structure‐activity relationships of chemically stable TLR2 antagonists
Creators: name: Bermudez, Marcel
name: Grabowski, Maria
name: Murgueitio, Manuela S.
name: Tiemann, Markus
name: Varga, Péter
name: Rudolf, Thomas
name: Wolber, Gerhard
name: Weindl, Günther
name: Rademann, Jörg
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: chemical synthesis
subject: inflammation
subject: molecular modeling
subject: structure-based design
subject: TLR selectivity
subject: Toll-like receptors
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) build the first barrier in the innate immune response and therefore represent promising targets for the modulation of inflammatory processes. Recently, the pyrogallol‐containing TLR2 antagonists CU‐CPT22 and MMG‐11 were reported; however, their 1,2,3‐triphenol motif renders them highly susceptible to oxidation and excludes them from use in extended experiments under aerobic conditions. Therefore, we have developed a set of novel TLR2 antagonists (1 –9 ) based on the systematic variation of substructures, linker elements, and the hydrogen‐bonding pattern of the pyrogallol precursors by using chemically robust building blocks. The novel series of chemically stable and synthetically accessible TLR2 antagonists (1 –9 ) was pharmacologically characterized, and the potential binding modes of the active compounds were evaluated structurally. Our results provide new insights into structure‐activity relationships and allow rationalization of structural binding characteristics. Moreover, they support the hypothesis that this class of TLR ligands bind solely to TLR2 and do not directly interact with TLR1 or TLR6 of the functional heterodimer. The most active compound from this series (6 ), is chemically stable, nontoxic, TLR2‐selective, and shows a similar activity with regard to the pyrogallol starting points, thus indicating the variability of the hydrogen bonding pattern.
title: Studies on FKBP ligands and inhibitors for GS-like enzymes
Creators: name: Purder, Patrick
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2023

description: The first half of this dissertation is dedicated to the development of novel FKBP ligands, aiming to improve binding affinity, selectivity between selected members of the FKBP family, and metabolic stability. The basis of this project is the molecular 3,10-diazabicyclo[4.3.1]decan-2-one scaffold, which proved to be privileged for FKBP binding. Three attachment points were found to allow beneficial derivatization of this scaffold, which are atoms 3, 5 and 10 (Figure 1a). In this work, a structurally similar but non-binding negative control was developed to be used in biochemical and biological experiments with FKBP ligands. Next, FKBP ligands with a carboxylic acid in the R1 position and hydroxy groups in the R3 position were synthesized with the purpose of creating more water-soluble ligands for biochemical experiments. These compounds also presented an increased metabolic stability. Furthermore, the typically used phenyl sulfonamides in the R2 position were substituted with benzyl sulfonamides, a moiety that was reported to show good binding in other pipecolate-based scaffolds. However, benzyl sulfonamides are not suited in the 3,10-diazabicyclo[4.3.1]decan-2-one scaffold. As an extension of my master thesis, the R2 residue was extended in the para position. One motif was found to show a strong enhancement in FKBP12 binding and selectivity, which was further analyzed and optimized. Furthermore, the influence of the highly conserved sulfonamide in R2 was addressed. Analogous sulfenamide, sulfinamides and sulfonimidamides were synthesized to gain structure-affinity relationship information. The sulfonimidamide handle was used to expand the ligand, and this ligand series indicated a novel FKBP12 binding mode. Finally, all synthesized FKBP ligands were tested for Mip binding and selected compounds showed in vitro activity against Legionella pneumophila. The second half of this dissertation describes the design and synthesis of methionine sulfoximine analogs (Figure 2). The recently characterized glutamine synthetase-like enzyme GlnA4 could be targeted and the best inhibitor showed in vitro inhibition of GlnA4 in Streptomyces coelicolor. Lastly, the synthesis of homocysteine sulfonimidamide is described, which aimed to improve glutamine synthetase binding compared to the gold standard inhibitor MSO. Unfortunately, it showed no improved GS inhibition.
D6.1 Visual Identity & Project Website
Creators: name: VitiGEOSS Partners
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This deliverable explains how Eurecat, responsible of the SubTask 6.1.1. "Visual Identity and Website" has developed VitiGEOSS's Visual Corporative Image (VCI) and project webpage. The document includes the project's logo, Word templates for project activities, a Power Point template for presentations and a visual identity standards guidebook defining and outlining how to use identifying elements pertaining to VitiGEOSS, such as logos, colours, fonts and graphic elements. In addition, this deliverable also describes how the VitiGEOSS's project webpage has been created, summarising the structure, the content and some functionalities of the website.
description: The VitiGEOSS project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 869565
Fools gold? Developer dilemmas in a closed mobile application market platform
Creators: name: Salminen, Joni
name: Teixeira, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.6.0; K.7.4

description: In this paper, we outline some potential conflicts that platform owners and software developers face in mobile application markets. Our arguments are based on comments captured in specialized online discussion forums, in which developers gather to share knowledge and experiences. The key findings indicate conflicts of interests, including 1) intra-platform competition, 2) discriminative promotion, 3) entry prevention, 4) restricted monetization, 5) restricted knowledge sharing, 6) substitution, and 7) strategic technology selection. Opportunistic platform owners may use their power to discriminate between third-part software developers. However, there are also potential strategic solutions that developers can apply; for example diversification (multi-homing), syndication and brand building.
description: Presented at the 15th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, ICEC 2013, Turku, Finland, August 13-15, 2013
Generalizations of Berry phase and differentiation of purified state and thermal vacuum of mixed states
Creators: name: Hou, Xu-Yang
name: Huang, Zi-Wen
name: Zhou, Zheng
name: Wang, Xin
name: Guo, Hao
name: Chien, Chih-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two representations of mixed states by state-vectors, known as purified state and thermal vacuum, have been realized on quantum computers. While the two representations look similar, they differ by a partial transposition in the ancilla space. While ordinary observables cannot discern the two representations, we generalize the Berry phase of pure quantum states to mixed states and construct two geometric phases that can reflect the partial transposition. By generalizing the adiabatic condition, we construct the thermal Berry phase, whose values from the two representations can be different, However, the thermal Berry phase may contain non-geometrical contributions. Alternatively, we generalize the parallel-transport condition to include the system and ancilla and show the dynamical phase is excluded under parallel transport. The geometrical phase accumulated in parallel transport is the generalized Berry phase, which may or may not differentiate a purified state from a thermal vacuum depending on the protocol. The generalizations of the Berry phase to mixed states may be realized and measured on quantum computers via the two representations to reveal the rich physics of finite-temperature quantum systems.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
MPEC 2023-V98 : 2015 DA250
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The use of digitally collected patient-reported outcome measures for newly operated patients with total knee and hip replacements to improve post-treatment recovery: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Kuklinski, David
name: Oschmann, Laura
name: Pross, Christoph
name: Busse, Reinhard
name: Geissler, Alexander
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: health-care policy
subject: PROM
subject: quality of care
subject: TKR
subject: THR
subject: value-based health care
subject: randomized controlled trial

description: Background The number of total knee replacements (TKRs) and total hip replacements (THRs) has been increasing noticeably in high-income countries, such as Germany. In particular, the number of revisions is expected to rise because of higher life expectancy and procedures performed on younger patients, impacting the budgets of health-care systems. Quality transparency is the basis of holistic patient pathway optimization. Nevertheless, a nation-wide cross-sectoral assessment of quality from a patient perspective does not yet exist. Several studies have shown that the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is effective for measuring quality and monitoring post-treatment recovery. For the first time in Germany, we test whether early detection of critical recovery paths using PROMs after TKR/THR improves the quality of care in a cost-effective way and can be recommended for implementation into standard care. Methods/design The study is a two-arm multi-center patient-level randomized controlled trial. Patients from nine hospitals are included in the study. Patient-centered questionnaires are employed to regularly measure digitized PROMs of TKR/THR patients from the time of hospital admission until 12 months post-discharge. An expert consortium has defined PROM alert thresholds at 1, 3, and 6 months to signal critical recovery paths after TKR/THR. An algorithm alerts study assistants if patients are not recovering in line with expected recovery paths. The study assistants contact patients and their physicians to investigate and, if needed, adjust the post-treatment protocol. When sickness funds’ claims data are added, the cost-effectiveness of the intervention can be analyzed. Discussion The study is expected to deliver an important contribution to test PROMs as an intervention tool and examine the determinants of high-quality endoprosthetic care. Depending on a positive and cost-effective impact, the goal is to transfer the study design into standard care. During the trial design phase, several insights have been discovered, and there were opportunities for efficient digital monitoring limited by existing legacy care models. Digitalization in hospital processes and the implementation of digital tools still represent challenges for hospital personnel and patients. Furthermore, data privacy regulations and the separation between the in- and outpatient sector are roadblocks to effectively monitor and assess quality along the full patient pathway.
Measurement of radiative tau decays at BaBar
Creators: name: Oberhof, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study for the measurement of of radiative decays, tau -> l gamma nu nu, l=e, mu, and tau -> pi gamma nu using 500 fb-1 of electron-positron annihilations recorded by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric B-factory.
description: 2 pages, conference proceeding, ifae 2013
Computational Molecular Biophysics of Membrane Reactions
Creators: name: Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: computational biophysics
subject: membrane reactions
subject: protonation-coupled protein dynamics
subject: 500 Natural sciences and mathematics::530 Physics::530 Physics

description: Proteins are nanoscale molecules that perform functions essential for biological life. Membranes surrounding cells, for example, contain receptor proteins that mediate communication between the cell and the external milieu, membrane transporters that transport ions and larger compounds across the membranes, and enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. Likewise, soluble proteins found in interior of the cell include motor proteins that move other proteins around, enzymes that bind to and repair breaks in the DNA, and proteins that help control the cellular clock. Mutations in genes that encode proteins can cause disease, as is the case of cystic fibrosis, a disease that associates with mutation of a chloride channel called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.1 The essential functions they perform in the cell makes proteins essential drug targets for modern bio-medical applications. An important example here is the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), which is a valuable target for modern immunotherapy.2-4 Predicting how a protein responds to a drug molecule, or using the protein as inspiration for biotechnological applications, require knowledge of how that protein works. As proteins are dynamic entities and protein dynamics are essential for function,5-8 describing the mechanism of action of a protein requires knowledge about the protein motions in fluid environments. Theoretical biophysics provides valuable tools to characterize protein reaction mechanisms and protein motions at the atomic level of detail. This Habilitation Thesis presents research on using theoretical biophysics approaches to decipher how proteins work. The focus of the research is on membrane proteins and reactions that occur at lipid membrane interfaces. The central question I address is the role of dynamic hydrogen (H) bonds in protein function and membrane interactions. The methods used include quantum mechanical (QM) computations of small molecules, combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) of chemical reactions in protein environments, classical mechanical computations of large protein and membrane systems, and bridging numerical simulations to bioinformatics. In my research group we developed algorithms to identify H-bond networks in proteins and membrane environments, and to characterize the dynamics of these networks. To extend the applicability of numerical computations to bio-systems that bind drug-like compounds, we derive parameters for a potential energy function widely used in the field. The main research topics and specific questions addressed are summarized below together with a discussion of the computational approaches used.
What Explains Trends in the Labor Supply Among U.S. Undergraduates, 1970-2009?
Creators: name: Scott-Clayton, Judith E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Recent cohorts of college enrollees are more likely to work, and work substantially more, than those of the past. October CPS data reveal that average labor supply among 18 to 22-year-old full-time undergraduates nearly doubled between 1970 and 2000, rising from 6 hours to 11 hours per week. In 2000 over half of these “traditional” college students were working for pay in the reference week, and the average working student worked 22 hours per week. After 2000, labor supply leveled off and then fell abruptly in the wake of the Great Recession to an average of 8 hours per week in 2009. This paper considers several explanations for the long-term trend of rising employment—including compositional change and rising tuition costs—and considers whether the upward trend is likely to resume when economic conditions improve.
Performance gain of displacement receiver with optimized prior probability
Creators: name: Fujiwara, M.
name: Izumi, S.
name: Takeoka, M.
name: Sasaki, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically study the performance of the displacement based quantum receiver for the discrimination of weak 3- and 4-phase-shift keyed (PSK) coherent state signals. We show that due to the nontrivial asymmetry of the receiver structure, optimization of the prior probability increases the mutual information and achieves sub-shot-noise limit discrimination. Moreover, we estimate the cutoff rate for a 4-PSK signal and confirm that the prior probability optimization shortens the code length for a given decoding error criterion. Such consideration for the asymmetric channel matrix is essential in a study of the compassable quantum receiver.
Paddy Doctor: A Visual Image Dataset for Automated Paddy Disease Classification and Benchmarking
Creators: name: A, Petchiammal
name: S, Briskline Kiruba
name: Murugan, D.
name: A, Pandarasamy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the critical biotic stress factors paddy farmers face is diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and other organisms. These diseases affect plants' health severely and lead to significant crop loss. Most of these diseases can be identified by regularly observing the leaves and stems under expert supervision. In a country with vast agricultural regions and limited crop protection experts, manual identification of paddy diseases is challenging. Thus, to add a solution to this problem, it is necessary to automate the disease identification process and provide easily accessible decision support tools to enable effective crop protection measures. However, the lack of availability of public datasets with detailed disease information limits the practical implementation of accurate disease detection systems. This paper presents \emph{Paddy Doctor}, a visual image dataset for identifying paddy diseases. Our dataset contains 16,225 annotated paddy leaf images across 13 classes (12 diseases and normal leaf). We benchmarked the \emph{Paddy Doctor} dataset using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and four transfer learning based models (VGG16, MobileNet, Xception, and ResNet34). The experimental results showed that ResNet34 achieved the highest F1-score of 97.50%. We release our dataset and reproducible code in the open source for community use.
Star Formation and Substructure in Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Cohen, Seth A.
name: Hickox, Ryan C.
name: Wegner, Gary A.
name: Einasto, Maret
name: Vennik, Jaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relationship between star formation (SF) and substructure in a sample of 107 nearby galaxy clusters using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Several past studies of individual galaxy clusters have suggested that cluster mergers enhance cluster SF, while others find no such relationship. The SF fraction in multi-component clusters (0.228 +/- 0.007) is higher than that in single-component clusters (0.175 +/- 0.016) for galaxies with M^0.1_r < -20.5. In both single- and multi-component clusters, the fraction of star-forming galaxies increases with clustercentric distance and decreases with local galaxy number density, and multi-component clusters show a higher SF fraction than single-component clusters at almost all clustercentric distances and local densities. Comparing the SF fraction in individual clusters to several statistical measures of substructure, we find weak, but in most cases significant at greater than 2 sigma, correlations between substructure and SF fraction. These results could indicate that cluster mergers may cause weak but significant SF enhancement in clusters, or unrelaxed clusters exhibit slightly stronger SF due to their less evolved states relative to relaxed clusters.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Riemannian foliations on contractible manifolds
Creators: name: Florit, Luis
name: Goertsches, Oliver
name: Lytchak, Alexander
name: Toeben, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C12, 53C20

description: We prove that Riemannian foliations on complete contractible manifolds have a closed leaf, and that all leaves are closed if one closed leaf has a finitely generated fundamental group. Under additional topological or geometric assumptions we prove that the foliation is also simple.
description: 14 pages
Implications of Educational Inequality for the Future Workforce
Creators: name: Bailey, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Education is a fundamental basis of productivity growth. Not only are educated workers more productive, but technological change that generates productivity is dependent on the availability of an educated workforce, both for the scientists and engineers that directly generate those innovations, but also for the many related occupations that support innovative work and that create the economic and technical infrastructure on which innovation is based. In the past, the US education system has produced an educated workforce adequate to maintain a relatively high level of productivity growth, and at least the higher education system was considered the best in the world. Certainly the education system has always been highly inequitable in the sense that educational achievement was closely related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. I argue in this paper that economic, political, social, and demographic factors are changing in such a way that in the future, the traditional educational inequality in the United States is going to increasingly stand in the way of the ability to sustain productivity growth and to compete successfully in international markets. In the past, educational inequality was a problem primarily for those individuals who ended up with low levels of education; increasingly it will be a problem for everyone. The first section of the paper provides background on past discussions about the relationship between education and productivity. I then discuss in particular the current political and economic environment as it relates to the development and expansion of higher education. The K-12 system provides the educational foundation of the system, but the growth in productivity increasingly depends on the reach and quality of the higher education system. Next I discuss the growing racial and ethnic heterogeneity of the population and describe differences in educational attainment for different population groups. Finally, I report on forecasts of future overall educational levels based on Census Department population growth projections.
Large in-plane deformation of RuO6 octahedron and ferromagnetism of bulk SrRuO3
Creators: name: Lee, Sanghyun
name: Zhang, J. R.
name: Torii, S.
name: Choi, Seongil
name: Cho, Deok-Yong
name: Kamiyama, T.
name: Yu, Jaejun
name: McEwen, K. A.
name: Park, Je-Geun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SrRuO3 is a ferromagnetic metal with several unusual physical properties such as zero thermal expansion below Tc, so-called Invar behavior. Another anomalous feature is that the a-axis lattice constant is larger than the b-axis lattice constant, a clear deviation from the predictions of the Glazer structural description with rigid RuO6 octahedron motion. Using high resolution neutron diffraction techniques, we show how these two structural anomalies arise from the irregular in-plane deformation, i.e. plastic behavior of the RuO6 octahedron, a weak band Jahn-Teller distortion. We further demonstrate that the ferromagnetic instability of SrRuO3 is related to the temperature-induced localization of Ru 4d bands.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter (in press) & IOP Select
Climate change impacts on seabirds and waterbirds in the UK and Ireland
Creators: name: Burton, N.H.K.
name: Daunt, F.
name: Kober, K.
name: Humphreys, E.M.
name: Frost, T.M.
Publisher: name: Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP), Lowestoft, UK
Year: 2023

description: MCCIP Rolling Evidence Updates
Direct Numerical Simulation of Reionization II: Recombinations, Clumping Factors, and the Photon Budget for Reionization
Creators: name: So, Geoffrey C.
name: Norman, Michael L.
name: Reynolds, Daniel R.
name: Harkness, Robert P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this first of several application papers, we investigate the mechanics of reionization from stellar sources in high-z galaxies, the utility of various clumping factors on estimating the recombination time in the IGM, and the photon budget required to achieve reionization. We test the accuracy of the static and time-dependent models of Madau et al. as predictors of reionization completion/maintenance. We simulate a WMAP7 LCDM cosmological model in a 20 Mpc comoving cube with 800^3 uniform fluid cells and dark matter particles. By tuning our star formation to approximately match the observed star formation rate density and luminosity function, we created a fully coupled radiation-hydro realization of H reionization which begins to ionize at z~10 and completes at z~5.8. We find that roughly 2 ionizing photons per H atom are required to convert the neutral IGM to a highly ionized state, which supports the "photon starved" scenario discussed by Bolton & Haehnelt. The events during reionization that lead to this number can generally be described as inside-out, but in reality the narrative depends on the level of ionization of the gas one attributes to as ionized. We find that the formula for the UV photon production rate dN/dt_ion(z) needed to maintain the IGM in an ionized state derived by Madau et al. should not be used to predict the epoch of reionization completion because it ignores history-dependent terms in the global ionization balance which are not ignorable. We find that the time-dependent model for the ionized volume fraction Q_HII is more predictive, but overestimates the redshift of reionization completion by delta_z~1. We propose a revised formulation of the time-dependent model which agrees with our simulation to O(1%). Finally, we use our simulation to estimate a global UV escape fraction due to circumgalactic gas resolved on our mesh to be ~0.7.
Euclid: Cosmological forecasts from the void size function
Creators: name: Contarini, S.
name: Verza, G.
name: Pisani, A.
name: Hamaus, N.
name: Sahlén, M.
name: Carbone, C.
name: Dusini, S.
name: Marulli, F.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Renzi, A.
name: Sirignano, C.
name: Stanco, L.
name: Aubert, M.
name: Bonici, M.
name: Castignani, G.
name: Courtois, H. M.
name: Escoffier, S.
name: Guinet, D.
name: Kovacs, A.
name: Lavaux, G.
name: Massara, E.
name: Nadathur, S.
name: Pollina, G.
name: Ronconi, T.
name: Ruppin, F.
name: Sakr, Z.
name: Veropalumbo, A.
name: Wandelt, B. D.
name: Amara, A.
name: Auricchio, N.
name: Baldi, M.
name: Bonino, D.
name: Branchini, E.
name: Brescia, M.
name: Brinchmann, J.
name: Camera, S.
name: Capobianco, V.
name: Carretero, J.
name: Castellano, M.
name: Cavuoti, S.
name: Cledassou, R.
name: Congedo, G.
name: Conselice, C. J.
name: Conversi, L.
name: Copin, Y.
name: Corcione, L.
name: Courbin, F.
name: Cropper, M.
name: Da Silva, A.
name: Degaudenzi, H.
name: Dubath, F.
name: Duncan, C. A. J.
name: Dupac, X.
name: Ealet, A.
name: Farrens, S.
name: Ferriol, S.
name: Fosalba, P.
name: Frailis, M.
name: Franceschi, E.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Gillard, W.
name: Gillis, B.
name: Giocoli, C.
name: Grazian, A.
name: Grupp, F.
name: Guzzo, L.
name: Haugan, S.
name: Holmes, W.
name: Hormuth, F.
name: Jahnke, K.
name: Kümmel, M.
name: Kermiche, S.
name: Kiessling, A.
name: Kilbinger, M.
name: Kunz, M.
name: Kurki-Suonio, H.
name: Laureijs, R.
name: Ligori, S.
name: Lilje, P. B.
name: Lloro, I.
name: Maiorano, E.
name: Mansutti, O.
name: Marggraf, O.
name: Markovic, K.
name: Massey, R.
name: Melchior, M.
name: Meneghetti, M.
name: Meylan, G.
name: Moresco, M.
name: Munari, E.
name: Niemi, S. M.
name: Padilla, C.
name: Paltani, S.
name: Pasian, F.
name: Pedersen, K.
name: Percival, W. J.
name: Pettorino, V.
name: Pires, S.
name: Polenta, G.
name: Poncet, M.
name: Popa, L.
name: Pozzetti, L.
name: Raison, F.
name: Rhodes, J.
name: Rossetti, E.
name: Saglia, R.
name: Sartoris, B.
name: Schneider, P.
name: Secroun, A.
name: Seidel, G.
name: Sirri, G.
name: Surace, C.
name: Tallada-Crespí, P.
name: Taylor, A. N.
name: Tereno, I.
name: Toledo-Moreo, R.
name: Torradeflot, F.
name: Valentijn, E. A.
name: Valenziano, L.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Weller, J.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Zoubian, J.
name: Andreon, S.
name: Maino, D.
name: Mei, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Euclid mission $-$ with its spectroscopic galaxy survey covering a sky area over $15\,000 \ \mathrm{deg}^2$ in the redshift range $0.9
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables - published in A&A
Reversible first-order transition in Pauli percolation
Creators: name: Maksymenko, Mykola
name: Moessner, Roderich
name: Shtengel, Kirill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Percolation plays an important role in fields and phenomena as diverse as the study of social networks, the dynamics of epidemics, the robustness of electricity grids, conduction in disordered media, and geometric properties in statistical physics. We analyse a new percolation problem in which the first order nature of an equilibrium percolation transition can be established analytically and verified numerically. The rules for this site percolation model are physical and very simple, requiring only the introduction of a weight $W(n)=n+1$ for a cluster of size $n$. This establishes that a discontinuous percolation transition can occur with qualitatively more local interactions than in all currently considered examples of explosive percolation; and that, unlike these, it can be reversible. This greatly extends both the applicability of such percolation models in principle, and their reach in practice.
description: 4 pages + Supplementary Materials
D6.6 Demo videos
Creators: name: VitiGEOSS Partners
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This deliverable presents the definition and steps made towards the development of a set of demonstrative videos presenting and guiding wine makers through the different smart services developed and deployed into the VitiGEOSS Platform. The platform offers integrated services for sub-seasonal and seasonal predictions, crop management, disease warning, business operations and sustainability monitoring. The videos have been designed following a common design format to ensure consistency between them.
description: The VitiGEOSS project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 869565
Spatial models to support the management of coastal marine ecosystems: a short review of the best practices in Liguria, Italy
Creators: name: Vacchi, M.
name: Montefalcone, M.
name: Parravicini, V.
name: Rovere, Alessio
name: Vassallo, P.
name: Ferrari, M.
name: Morri, C.
name: Bianchi, C. N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Marine biology
subject: Marine ecology
subject: Environmental management
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Spatial modelling is an emerging approach to the management of coastal marine habitats, as it helps understanding and predicting the results of global change. This paper reviews critically two recent examples developed in Liguria, an administrative region of NW Italy. The first example, aiming at predicting habitat status depending on pressures, provides managers with the opportunity of envisaging different scenarios for the consequences of coastal development choices. The second example defines the status of an important Mediterranean coastal marine habitat (Posidonia oceanica meadows) under natural conditions, allowing for quantifying human impacts on regressed meadows. Both modelling approaches are useful to define the targets of coastal management, and may help choosing the best management option. Well-planned and sustained monitoring is essential to model validation and improvement.
Local amplification of Rayleigh waves in the continental United States observed on the USArray
Creators: name: Eddy, Celia L.
name: Ekstrom, Goran
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: We develop a method based on ratios of amplitudes measured at adjacent stations to determine local amplification of surface waves across an array of seismic stations. We isolate the effects of local structure from those of the earthquake and propagation by systematic averaging of ratios corresponding to many sources. We apply the method to data recorded on the USArray for the years 2006–2011 and determine amplification factors at each station of the array for Rayleigh waves at periods between 35 s and 125 s. Local amplification factors are spatially coherent and display variations of ±10% at a period of 125 s and greater variations at shorter periods. Maps of local amplification exhibit spatial correlation with topography and geologic structures in the western and central United States. At long periods, the observed amplification factors correlate well with predictions from a regional crust and mantle model of North America. At short periods, correlations are weaker, suggesting that the local amplification factors can be useful for constraining shallow structure better.