cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Design of ternary alkaline-earth metal Sn(II) oxides with potential good p-type conductivity
Creators: name: Li, Yuwei
name: Singh, David J.
name: Du, Mao-Hua
name: Xu, Qiaoling
name: Zhang, Lijun
name: Zhengd, Weitao
name: Ma, Yanming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oxides with good p-type conductivity have been long sought after to achieve high performance all-oxide optoelectronic devices. Divalent Sn(II) based oxides are promising candidates because of their rather dispersive upper valence bands caused by the Sn-5s/O-2p anti-bonding hybridization. There are so far few known Sn(II) oxides being p-type conductive suitable for device applications. Here, we present via first-principles global optimization structure searches a material design study for a hitherto unexplored Sn(II)-based system, ternary alkaline-earth metal Sn(II) oxides in the stoichiometry of MSn2O3 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba). We identify two stable compounds of SrSn2O3 and BaSn2O3, which can be stabilized by Sn-rich conditions in phase stability diagrams. Their structures follow the Zintl behaviour and consist of basic structural motifs of SnO3 tetrahedra. Unexpectedly they show distinct electronic properties with band gaps ranging from 1.90 (BaSn2O3) to 3.15 (SrSn2O3) eV, and hole effective masses ranging from 0.87 (BaSn2O3) to above 6.0 (SrSn2O3) m0. Further exploration of metastable phases indicates a wide tunability of electronic properties controlled by the details of the bonding between the basic structural motifs. This suggests further exploration of alkaline-earth metal Sn(II) oxides for potential applications requiring good p-type conductivity such as transparent conductors and photovoltaic absorbers.
description: new Sn(II) oxides with potential good p-type conductivity
Preclinical Efficacy and Toxicity Analysis of the Pan-Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Gossypol for the Therapy of Colorectal Cancer or Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Creators: name: Mayer, Mascha
name: Berger, Alexander
name: Leischner, Christian
name: Renner, Olga
name: Burkard, Markus
name: Böcker, Alexander
name: Noor, Seema
name: Weiland, Timo
name: Weiss, Thomas S.
name: Busch, Christian
name: Lauer, Ulrich M.
name: Bischoff, Stephan C.
name: Venturelli, Sascha
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: gossypol; histone deacetylase; epigenetics; AT-101; colon cancer; liver cancer
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Abstract
Gossypol, a sesquiterpenoid found in cotton seeds, exerts anticancer effects on several tumor entities due to inhibition of DNA synthesis and other mechanisms. In clinical oncology, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are applied as anticancer compounds. In this study, we examined whether gossypol harbors HDAC inhibiting activity. In vitro analyses showed that gossypol inhibited class I, II, and IV HDAC, displaying the capability to laterally interact with the respective catalytic center and is, therefore, classified as a pan-HDAC inhibitor. Next, we studied the effects of gossypol on human-derived hepatoma (HepG2) and colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cell lines and found that gossypol induced hyperacetylation of histone protein H3 and/or tubulin within 6 h. Furthermore, incubation with different concentrations of gossypol (5–50 µM) over a time period of 96 h led to a prominent reduction in cellular viability and proliferation of hepatoma (HepG2, Hep3B) and colon carcinoma (HCT-116, HT-29) cells. In-depth analysis of underlying mechanisms showed that gossypol induced apoptosis via caspase activation. For pre-clinical evaluation, toxicity analyses showed toxic effects of gossypol in vitro toward non-malignant primary hepatocytes (PHH), the colon-derived fibroblast cell line CCD-18Co, and the intestinal epithelial cell line CCD 841 CoN at concentrations of ≥5 µM, and embryotoxicity in chicken embryos at ≥2.5 µM. In conclusion, the pronounced inhibitory capacity of gossypol on cancer cells was characterized, and pan-HDACi activity was detected in silico, in vitro, by inhibiting individual HDAC isoenzymes, and on protein level by determining histone acetylation. However, for clinical application, further chemical optimization is required to decrease cellular toxicity.
An approximate diffusion process for environmental stochasticity in infectious disease transmission modelling
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sanmitra
name: Birrell, Paul J.
name: De Angelis, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modelling the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease is a complex task. Not only it is difficult to accurately model the inherent non-stationarity and heterogeneity of transmission, but it is nearly impossible to describe, mechanistically, changes in extrinsic environmental factors including public behaviour and seasonal fluctuations. An elegant approach to capturing environmental stochasticity is to model the force of infection as a stochastic process. However, inference in this context requires solving a computationally expensive ``missing data" problem, using data-augmentation techniques. We propose to model the time-varying transmission-potential as an approximate diffusion process using a path-wise series expansion of Brownian motion. This approximation replaces the ``missing data" imputation step with the inference of the expansion coefficients: a simpler and computationally cheaper task. We illustrate the merit of this approach through two examples: modelling influenza using a canonical SIR model, and the modelling of COVID-19 pandemic using a multi-type SEIR model.
Role of spatial averaging in multicellular gradient sensing
Creators: name: Smith, Tyler
name: Fancher, Sean
name: Levchenko, Andre
name: Nemenman, Ilya
name: Mugler, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gradient sensing underlies important biological processes including morphogenesis, polarization, and cell migration. The precision of gradient sensing increases with the length of a detector (a cell or group of cells) in the gradient direction, since a longer detector spans a larger range of concentration values. Intuition from analyses of concentration sensing suggests that precision should also increase with detector length in the direction transverse to the gradient, since then spatial averaging should reduce the noise. However, here we show that, unlike for concentration sensing, the precision of gradient sensing decreases with transverse length for the simplest gradient sensing model, local excitation--global inhibition (LEGI). The reason is that gradient sensing ultimately relies on a subtraction of measured concentration values. While spatial averaging indeed reduces the noise in these measurements, which increases precision, it also reduces the covariance between the measurements, which results in the net decrease in precision. We demonstrate how a recently introduced gradient sensing mechanism, regional excitation--global inhibition (REGI), overcomes this effect and recovers the benefit of transverse averaging. Using a REGI-based model, we compute the optimal two- and three-dimensional detector shapes, and argue that they are consistent with the shapes of naturally occurring gradient-sensing cell populations.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 95.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 24.04.2006, 12:15, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Tunable Interband Transitions in Twisted h-BN/Graphene Heterostructures
Creators: name: Liu, Bingyao
name: Zhang, Yu-Tian
name: Qiao, Ruixi
name: Shi, Ruochen
name: Li, Yuehui
name: Guo, Quanlin
name: Li, Jiade
name: Li, Xiaomei
name: Wang, Li
name: Qi, Jiajie
name: Du, Shixuan
name: Ren, Xinguo
name: Liu, Kaihui
name: Gao, Peng
name: Zhang, Yu-Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In twisted h-BN/graphene heterostructures, the complex electronic properties of the fast-traveling electron gas in graphene are usually considered to be fully revealed. However, the randomly twisted heterostructures may also have unexpected transition behaviors, which may influence the device performance. Here, we study the twist angle-dependent coupling effects of h-BN/graphene heterostructures using monochromatic electron energy loss spectroscopy. We find that the moiré potentials alter the band structure of graphene, resulting in a redshift of the intralayer transition at the M-point, which becomes more pronounced up to 0.25 eV with increasing twist angle. Furthermore, the twisting of the Brillouin zone of h-BN relative to the graphene M-point leads to tunable vertical transition energies in the range of 5.1-5.6 eV. Our findings indicate that twist-coupling effects of van der Waals heterostructures should be carefully considered in device fabrications, and the continuously tunable interband transitions through the twist angle can serve as a new degree of freedom to design optoelectrical devices.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 233.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 19.09.2006, 06:30, erstellt von Michele Bianda
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 2.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Faraday wave lattice as an elastic metamaterial
Creators: name: Domino, L
name: Tarpin, M
name: Patinet, Sylvain
name: Eddi, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metamaterials enable the emergence of novel physical properties due to the existence of an underlying sub-wavelength structure. Here, we use the Faraday instability to shape the fluid-air interface with a regular pattern. This pattern undergoes an oscillating secondary instability and exhibits spontaneous vibrations that are analogous to transverse elastic waves. By locally forcing these waves, we fully characterize their dispersion relation and show that a Faraday pattern presents an effective shear elasticity. We propose a physical mechanism combining surface tension with the Faraday structured interface that quantitatively predicts the elastic wave phase speed, revealing that the liquid interface behaves as an elastic metamaterial.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 62.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 14.03.2006, 08:45, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 2.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Surface hopping from the perspective of quantum-classical Liouville dynamics
Creators: name: Kapral, Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fewest-switches surface hopping is studied in the context of quantum-classical Liouville dynamics. Both approaches are mixed quantum-classical theories that provide a way to describe and simulate the nonadiabatic quantum dynamics of many-body systems. Starting from a surface-hopping solution of the quantum-classical Liouville equation, it is shown how fewest-switches dynamics can be obtained by dropping terms that are responsible for decoherence and restricting the nuclear momentum changes that accompany electronic transitions to those events that occur between population states. The analysis provides information on some of the elements that are essential for the construction of accurate and computationally tractable algorithms for nonadiabatic processes.
Interaction solutions for (1+1)-dimensional higher-order Broer Kaup system
Creators: name: Xin, Xiangpeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The (1+1)-dimensional higher-order Broer-Kaup (HBK) system is studied by consistent tanh expansion (CTE) method in this paper.It is proved that the HBK system is CTE solvable. Some exact interaction solutions among different nonlinear excitations such as solitons, rational waves, periodic waves and corresponding images are explicitly given.
description: 5
Extinction by plasmonic nanoparticles in dispersive and dissipative media
Creators: name: Zhang, Shangyu
name: Dong, Jian
name: Zhang, Wenjie
name: Luo, Minggang
name: Liu, Linhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extinction of small metallic spheres has been well understood through the classical Mie theory when the host medium is dispersive and transparent. However, the role of host dissipation on the particulate extinction remains a competition between the enhancing and reducing effects on the localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR). Here, using a generalized Mie theory, we elaborate on the specific influence mechanisms of host dissipation on the extinction efficiency factors of a plasmonic nanosphere. To this end, we isolate the dissipative effects by comparing the dispersive and dissipative host with its transparent counterpart. As a result, we identify the damping effects of host dissipation on the LSPR including the resonance widening and amplitude reducing. The resonance positions are shifted by host dissipation, which cannot be predicted by the classical Fröhlich condition. Finally, we demonstrate that a wide-band extinction enhancement due to host dissipation can be realized away from the positions of LSPR.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 117.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 20.05.2006, 07:00, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Heterozygosity in autoimmunity and ageing
Creators: name: Ingledow, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Loss of immune tolerance to autoantigens is a common feature of autoimmune diseases. Though these diseases share similar pathophysiology, and both genetic and environmental risk factors, no common mechanism for loss of tolerance has been robustly established. We begin this thesis by suggesting a new mechanism for loss of tolerance: via autoantigen loss of heterozygosity in the thymus. We then test a series of predictions from this theory. For proof of concept, we show that genetic variants which are overdominant (heterozygotes have higher disease risk than homozygotes) can be discovered in “major” autoantigen genes of four autoimmune diseases. Then, using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of multiple sclerosis and set of its known autoantigen genes, we discover interactions between overdominant autoantigen variants. These interactions are consistent with a model where loss of tolerance to only one heterozygous autoantigen is necessary for disease. Loss of heterozygosity is the commonest form of somatic mutation and its rate increases with distance from a centromere: we find that mean overdominance among the multiple sclerosis autoantigen genes strongly correlates with this distance. We successfully replicate the interaction result using a held-out ulcerative colitis GWAS, and find a similar relationship between mean overdominance and genomic position. Finally, we model autoantigen loss of heterozygosity in the thymus and find it consistent with age of onset distributions for six diseases.
Multiple-choice test of energy and momentum concepts
Creators: name: Singh, Chandralekha
name: Rosengrant, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate student understanding of energy and momentum concepts at the level of introductory physics by designing and administering a 25-item multiple choice test and conducting individual interviews. We find that most students have difficulty in qualitatively interpreting basic principles related to energy and momentum and in applying them in physical situations.
description: 11 pages, PACS: 01.40Fk,01.40.gb,01.40G-,1.30.Rr, Keywords: physics education research, teaching, learning, pedagogy, assessment, multiple-choice test, energy, momentum
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 313.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 31.12.2006, 10:45, erstellt von Andrea Manna
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Flexible transition probability model for assessing cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening
Creators: name: Shafik, Nourhan
name: Ilmonen, Pauliina
name: Viitasaari, Lauri
name: Sarkeala, Tytti
name: Heinävaara, Sirpa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Western women. Fortunately, organized screening has reduced breast cancer mortality and, consequently, the European Union has recommended screening with mammography for 50-69-year-old women. This recommendation is followed well in Europe. Widening the screening target age further is supported by conditional recommendations for 45-49- and 70-74-year-old women. However, before extending screening to new age groups, it's essential to carefully consider the benefits and costs locally as circumstances vary between different regions and/or countries. We propose a new approach to assess cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening for a long-ongoing program with incomplete historical screening data. The new model is called flexible stage distribution model. It is based on estimating the stage distributions of breast cancer cases under different screening strategies. In the model, an ongoing screening strategy may be used as a baseline and other screening strategies may be incorporated by changes in the incidence rates. The model is flexible, as it enables to apply different approaches for estimating the altered stage distributions. Thus, if randomized data is available, one may rely on that. On the other hand, if randomized data is not available, altered stage distributions may be estimated by extrapolating the stage distributions of the youngest and oldest screened/non-screened age groups. We apply the proposed flexible stage distribution model for assessing incremental cost of extending the current biennial breast cancer screening to younger and older target ages in Finland.
Involving high school students in computational physics university research: Theory calculations of toluene adsorbed on graphene
Creators: name: Ericsson, Jonas
name: Husmark, Teodor
name: Mathiesen, Christoffer
name: Sepahvand, Benjamin
name: Borck, Øyvind
name: Gunnarsson, Linda
name: Lydmark, Pär
name: Schröder, Elsebeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To increase public awareness of theoretical materials physics, a small group of high school students is invited to participate actively in a current research projects at Chalmers University of Technology. The Chalmers research group explores methods for filtrating hazardous and otherwise unwanted molecules from drinking water, for example by adsorption in active carbon filters. In this project, the students use graphene as an idealized model for active carbon, and estimate the energy of adsorption of the methylbenzene toluene on graphene with the help of the atomic-scale calculational method density functional theory. In this process the students develop an insight into applied quantum physics, a topic usually not taught at this educational level, and gain some experience with a couple of state-of-the-art calculational tools in materials research.
Widely-sweeping magnetic field-temperature phase diagrams for skyrmion-hosting centrosymmetric tetragonal magnets
Creators: name: Hayami, Satoru
name: Kato, Yasuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically investigate the stabilization mechanisms of skyrmion crystals under thermal fluctuations and external magnetic field in itinerant centrosymmetric tetragonal magnets. By adopting an efficient steepest descent method with a small computational cost, we systematically construct the magnetic field-temperature phase diagrams of the effective spin model derived from the itinerant electron model on a two-dimensional square lattice. As a result, we find that a square-type skyrmion crystal is stabilized by either or both of the high-harmonic wave-vector interaction and the biquadratic interaction under an external magnetic field. Especially, we discover that the former high-harmonic wave-vector interaction can stabilize the skyrmion crystal only at finite temperatures when its magnitude is small. In addition to the skyrmion crystal, we also find other stable multiple-$Q$ states in the phase diagram. Lastly, we discuss the correspondence of the phase diagrams between the effective spin model and the skyrmion-hosting material GdRu$_2$Si$_2$. The present results suggest a variety of multiple-$Q$ states could be driven by thermal fluctuations and external magnetic fields in centrosymmetric itinerant magnets.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 171.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 15.07.2006, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Electrically driven compact hybrid lithium niobate microring laser
Creators: name: Zhou, Junxia
name: Huang, Ting
name: Fang, Zhiwei
name: Wu, Rongbo
name: Zhou, Yuan
name: Liu, Jian
name: Zhang, Haisu
name: Wang, Zhenhua
name: Wang, Min
name: Cheng, Ya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate an electrically driven compact hybrid lithium niobate microring laser by butt coupling a commercial 980-nm pump laser diode chip with a high quality Er3+-doped lithium niobate microring chip. Single mode lasing emission at 1531 nm wavelength from the Er3+-doped lithium niobate microring can be observed with the integrated 980-nm laser pumping. The compact hybrid lithium niobate microring laser occupies the chip size of 3 mmx4mmx0.5 mm. The threshold pumping laser power is 6 mW and the threshold current is 0.5 A (operating voltage 1.64 V) in the atmospheric temperature. The spectrum featuring single mode lasing with small linewidth of 0.05 nm is observed. This work explores a robust hybrid lithium niobate microring laser source which has potential applications in coherent optical communication and precision metrology.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Prediction of Electronic Properties of Radical-Containing Polymers at Coarse-Grained Resolutions
Creators: name: Alessandri, Riccardo
name: de Pablo, Juan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of soft electronic materials depend on the coupling of electronic and conformational degrees of freedom over a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. Description of such properties requires multiscale approaches capable of, at the same time, accessing electronic properties and sampling the conformational space of soft materials. This could in principle be realized by connecting the coarse-grained (CG) methodologies required for adequate conformational sampling to conformationally-averaged electronic property distributions via backmapping to atomistic-resolution level models and repeated quantum-chemical calculations. Computational demands of such approaches, however, have hindered their application in high-throughput computer-aided soft materials discovery. Here, we present a method that, combining machine learning and CG techniques, can replace traditional backmapping-based approaches without sacrificing accuracy. We illustrate the method for an emerging class of soft electronic materials, namely non-conjugated, radical-containing polymers, promising materials for all-organic energy storage. Supervised machine learning models are trained to learn the dependence of electronic properties on polymer conformation at CG resolutions. We then parametrize CG models that retain electronic structure information, simulate CG condensed phases, and predict the electronic properties of such phases solely from the CG degrees of freedom. We validate our method by comparing it against a full backmapping-based approach, and find good agreement between both methods. This work demonstrates the potential of the proposed method to accelerate multiscale workflows, and provides a framework for the development of CG models that retain electronic structure information.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 19.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 20.01.2006, 08:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 2006

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Alleviating $H_0$ Tension with New Gravitational Scalar Tensor Theories
Creators: name: Banerjee, Shreya
name: Petronikolou, Maria
name: Saridakis, Emmanuel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the cosmological applications of new gravitational scalar-tensor theories and we analyze them in the light of $H_0$ tension. In these theories the Lagrangian contains the Ricci scalar and its first and second derivatives in a specific combination that makes them free of ghosts, thus corresponding to healthy bi-scalar extensions of general relativity. We examine two specific models, and for particular choices of the model parameters we find that the effect of the additional terms is negligible at high redshifts, obtaining a coincidence with $Λ$CDM cosmology, however as time passes the deviation increases and thus at low redshifts the Hubble parameter acquires increased values ($H_0\approx 74 km/s/Mpc$) in a controlled way. The mechanism behind this behavior is the fact that the effective dark-energy equation-of-state parameter exhibits phantom behavior, which implies faster expansion, which is one of the theoretical requirements that are capable of alleviating the $H_0$ tension. Lastly, we confront the models with Cosmic Chronometer (CC) data showing full agreement within 1$σ$ confidence level.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, version to appear in Phys.Rev.D
Inversion of Time-Lapse Surface Gravity Data for Detection of 3D CO$_2$ Plumes via Deep Learning
Creators: name: Celaya, Adrian
name: Denel, Bertrand
name: Sun, Yen
name: Araya-Polo, Mauricio
name: Price, Antony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce three algorithms that invert simulated gravity data to 3D subsurface rock/flow properties. The first algorithm is a data-driven, deep learning-based approach, the second mixes a deep learning approach with physical modeling into a single workflow, and the third considers the time dependence of surface gravity monitoring. The target application of these proposed algorithms is the prediction of subsurface CO$_2$ plumes as a complementary tool for monitoring CO$_2$ sequestration deployments. Each proposed algorithm outperforms traditional inversion methods and produces high-resolution, 3D subsurface reconstructions in near real-time. Our proposed methods achieve Dice scores of up to 0.8 for predicted plume geometry and near perfect data misfit in terms of $μ$Gals. These results indicate that combining 4D surface gravity monitoring with deep learning techniques represents a low-cost, rapid, and non-intrusive method for monitoring CO$_2$ storage sites.
Reweighting Parton Showers
Creators: name: Bellm, Johannes
name: Plätzer, Simon
name: Richardson, Peter
name: Siódmok, Andrzej
name: Webster, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the possibility of reweighting parton-shower Monte Carlo predictions for scale variations in the parton-shower algorithm. The method is based on a generalization of the Sudakov veto algorithm. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach using example physical distributions. Implementations are available for both the parton-shower modules in the Herwig 7 event generator.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Social Media Engagement and Cryptocurrency Performance
Creators: name: Qureshi, Khizar
name: Zaman, Tauhid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the problem of predicting the future performance of cryptocurrencies using social media data. We propose a new model to measure the engagement of users with topics discussed on social media based on interactions with social media posts. This model overcomes the limitations of previous volume and sentiment based approaches. We use this model to estimate engagement coefficients for 48 cryptocurrencies created between 2019 and 2021 using data from Twitter from the first month of the cryptocurrencies' existence. We find that the future returns of the cryptocurrencies are dependent on the engagement coefficients. Cryptocurrencies whose engagement coefficients are too low or too high have lower returns. Low engagement coefficients signal a lack of interest, while high engagement coefficients signal artificial activity which is likely from automated accounts known as bots. We measure the amount of bot posts for the cryptocurrencies and find that generally, cryptocurrencies with more bot posts have lower future returns. While future returns are dependent on both the bot activity and engagement coefficient, the dependence is strongest for the engagement coefficient, especially for short-term returns. We show that simple investment strategies which select cryptocurrencies with engagement coefficients exceeding a fixed threshold perform well for holding times of a few months.
title: Lehren und Lernen mit Zeugnissen Holocaust-Überlebender in XR
title: Eine Handreichung für die schulische und außerschulische Bildungsarbeit
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ballis, Anja
name: Schwendemann, Lisa
name: Gloe, Markus
Publisher: name: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
Year: 2023

description: Im Projekt LediZ (Lernen mit digitalen Zeugnissen) arbeitet ein interdisziplinäres Team daran, wie mit Medien im digitalen Zeitalter gelernt werden kann. Dabei werden Zeugnisse von Holocaust-Überlebenden mit innovativer Technologie für zukunftsweisende Lernprozesse aufbereitet und erschlossen. In der Handreichung werden die einzelnen Medienformate - interaktive digitale Zeugnisse, XR-Hubs und VR-Experiences - vorgestellt und ihr didaktisches Potenzial im Kontext der Holocaust Education erläutert. Unterrichtsmaterialien stehen als Download zur Verfügung und können an die Bedarfe der jeweiligen Lerner:innengruppe angepasst werden. Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit XR-Medien und ein Literatur- und Medienverzeichnis beschließen die Handreichung. Die Zielgruppe der Handreichung sind Lehrkräfte der Sekundarstufe/n sowie Vermittler:innen der außerschulischen Bildungsarbeit.
Probing Supersymmetry Breaking Scale with Atomic Clocks
Creators: name: Flambaum, Victor V.
name: Liu, Xuewen
name: Samsonov, Igor
name: Wu, Lei
name: Zhu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking mechanism generally predicts the existence of the sgoldstinos, which can play the role of wave-like dark matter. Due to the ubiquitous coupling to the electromagnetic fields, the light scalar sgoldstino dark matter can lead to the variance of the fine-structure constant. With the precise atomic clock data, we find the SUSY breaking scale $\sqrt{F}$ can be probed up to the GUT scale in the sgoldstino mass range of $10^{-22}$ eV $
description: 5 pages
Directly Coupled Observers for Quantum Harmonic Oscillators with Discounted Mean Square Cost Functionals and Penalized Back-action
Creators: name: Vladimirov, Igor G.
name: Petersen, Ian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q93, 93E11, 49K15, 49N10

description: This paper is concerned with quantum harmonic oscillators consisting of a quantum plant and a directly coupled coherent quantum observer. We employ discounted quadratic performance criteria in the form of exponentially weighted time averages of second-order moments of the system variables. A coherent quantum filtering (CQF) problem is formulated as the minimization of the discounted mean square of an estimation error, with which the dynamic variables of the observer approximate those of the plant. The cost functional also involves a quadratic penalty on the plant-observer coupling matrix in order to mitigate the back-action of the observer on the covariance dynamics of the plant. For the discounted mean square optimal CQF problem with penalized back-action, we establish first-order necessary conditions of optimality in the form of algebraic matrix equations. By using the Hamiltonian structure of the Heisenberg dynamics and related Lie-algebraic techniques, we represent this set of equations in a more explicit form in the case of equally dimensioned plant and observer.
description: 11 pages, a brief version to be submitted to the IEEE 2016 Conference on Norbert Wiener in the 21st Century, 13-15 July, Melbourne, Australia
A GMRT Study of Seyfert Galaxies NGC4235 & NGC4594: Evidence of Episodic Activity ?
Creators: name: Kharb, P.
name: Srivastava, S.
name: Singh, V.
name: Gallimore, J. F.
name: Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
name: Hota, Ananda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low frequency observations at 325 and 610 MHz have been carried out for two "radio-loud" Seyfert galaxies, NGC4235 and NGC4594 (Sombrero galaxy), using the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT). The 610 MHz total intensity and 325-610 MHz spectral index images of NGC4235 tentatively suggest the presence of a "relic" radio lobe, most likely from a previous episode of AGN activity. This makes NGC4235 only the second known Seyfert galaxy after Mrk6 to show signatures of episodic activity. Spitzer and Herschel infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling using the clumpyDREAM code predicts star formation rates (SFR) that are an order of magnitude lower than those required to power the radio lobes in these Seyferts (~0.13-0.23 M_sun/yr compared to the required SFR of ~2.0-2.7 M_sun/yr in NGC4594 and NGC4235, respectively). This finding along with the detection of parsec and sub-kpc radio jets in both Seyfert galaxies, that are roughly along the same position angles as the radio lobes, strongly support the suggestion that Seyfert lobes are AGN-powered. SED modelling supports the "true" type 2 classification of NGC4594: this galaxy lacks significant dust obscuration as well as a prominent broad-line region. Between the two Seyfert galaxies, there is an inverse relation between their radio-loudness and Eddington ratio and a direct relation between their Eddington-scaled jet power and bolometric power.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures, MNRAS, accepted
Time-inconsistent mean-field optimal stopping: A limit approach
Creators: name: Djehiche, Boualem
name: Martini, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide a characterization of an optimal stopping time for a class of finite horizon time-inconsistent optimal stopping problems (OSPs) of mean-field type, adapted to the Brownian filtration, including those related to mean-field diffusion processes and recursive utility functions. Despite the time-inconsistency of the OSP, we show that it is optimal to stop when the value-process hits the reward process for the first time, as is the case for the standard time-consistent OSP. We solve the problem by approximating the corresponding value-process with a sequence of Snell envelopes of processes, for which a sequence of optimal stopping times is constituted of the hitting times of each of the reward processes by the associated value-process. Then, under mild assumptions, we show that this sequence of hitting times converges in probability to the hitting time for the mean-field OSP and that the limit is optimal.
description: Further comments and details have been added, and some misprints have been corrected
PATRIOTISM AND THE BEING INTEGRITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL
Creators: name: Elkhova, Oxana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Philosophical psychology (incl. moral psychology and philosophy of action)
Philosophy of specific cultures (incl. comparative philosophy)

description: Artificial planting in the Russian national self-consciousness of Western values of the consumer society has turned the life of an ordinary Russian person into the service of material goods. The unrestrained desire for money takes on a perverted and sophisticated character, almost completely seizes the emotional and motivational sphere of the individual's consciousness. In a consumer society, a feature of which is the «material» nature of social ties brought to an extreme degree, the assertion of hedonistic orientations in interpersonal relations naturally leads to the alienation of a person from his generic essence. The main value orientation becomes the orientation towards wealth as the main, highest goal of the individual's life. Wealth and unbridled consumption are the highest value, both in general moral and social terms. A person no longer acts as a whole, but slides down to the level of a «partial» individual, depersonalized and devalued. Ghostly ideas about a rich and luxurious life are imposed on a person, which, of course, he deserves. Thus, an individual becomes a «toy» of the demonic desire machine, seized with a passion for personal enrichment, losing internal stability, trying to grab the greatest amount of benefits in life here and now, delighting himself with the illusion of maximizing the use of favorable moments. The essence of human life activity, reduced to mere existence, leads to the impoverishment of the spiritual sphere of the life of society, to the primitivization of value orientations. Overcoming the existing existence, turning to one's true being expands the horizons of life, gives it fullness and existential meanings, awareness of the harmonious unity of the surrounding world. Conditions and opportunities for various creative forms are created; intrapersonal moral experience, activity and independence of a person are enriched. Patriotism most fully expresses the essence of national self-consciousness, the basis of which is an appeal to oneself as a socially active moral personality. Patriotism manifests itself in such moral phenomena as the command of duty, self-esteem, pride in one's people and fatherland.
An Analytical Study of the Primordial Gravitational-Wave-Induced Contribution to the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
Creators: name: Bari, Pritha
name: Bertacca, Daniele
name: Bartolo, Nicola
name: Ricciardone, Angelo
name: Giardiello, Serena
name: Matarrese, Sabino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The imprint of gravitational waves (GWs) on large-scale structures (LSS) is a useful and promising way to detect or to constrain them. Tensor fossils have been largely studied in the literature as an indirect way to detect primordial GWs. In this paper we analyze a new effect induced by primordial GWs: a correction to the density contrast of the underlying matter distribution of LSS, as well as its radiation counterpart, induced by the energy density fluctuation of the gravitational radiation. We perform our derivation of the full analytical solution of the density contrast for waves entering the horizon during radiation dominance. We account for two phases in the radiation era, depending on the main contributor to the perturbed energy density of the Universe. By comparing the density contrast of cold dark matter and radiation -- sourced by linear gravitational waves only -- we conclude that the former overcomes the latter at some time in the radiation era, a behaviour analogous to their linear counterpart. Then we conclude by discussing the case of density perturbations produced by GWs entering the Hubble radius during the matter era as well as their evolution in the late dark-energy dominated phase.
description: 50 pages, 1 figure, version accepted for publication in JCAP
Exponential system-size dependence of the lifetime of transient spiral chaos in excitable and oscillatory media
Creators: name: Sugimura, Kaori
name: Kori, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excitable media can develop spiral chaos, in which the number of spirals changes chaotically with time. Depending on parameter values in dynamical equations, spiral chaos may permanently persist or spontaneously arrive at a steady state after a transient time, referred to as the lifetime. Previous numerical studies have demonstrated that the lifetime of transient spiral chaos increases exponentially with system size to a good approximation. In this study, using the fact that the number of spirals obeys a Gaussian distribution, we provide a general expression for the system size dependence of the lifetime for large system sizes, which is indeed exponential. We confirm that the expression is in good agreement with numerically obtained lifetimes for both excitable and oscillatory media with parameter sets near the onset of transient chaos. The expression we develop for the lifetime is expected to be useful for predicting lifetimes in large systems.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures