Neorhinotora mutica Schiner 1868
Creators: name: Almeida, Júlia C.
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Heleomyzidae
Neorhinotora
Neorhinotora mutica

description: Neorhinotora mutica (Schiner 1868)
(Figs. 1 d, 3a, 5b–c, 6c, 7)
Rhinotora mutica Schiner 1868: 234; Kertész 1901: 416; Lindner 1930: 126; Hendel 1931: 16; Fischer 1932: 446, Figs. 5, 6, 21 (illustrations of antenna, scutellum, and wing).
Neorhinotora mutica; Lopes 1934: 517; 1935: 25, Figs. 2, 11–12, 17 (illustrations of egg and male genitalia); Guimarães & Papavero 1966: 261, Fig. 11 (illustration of the head); Papavero 1967: 2 (catalog).
Diagnosis. Occiput dark brown on superior half. Arista with fine short pubescence. Wing with spots on dm-cu and on distal extremity of R4+5 and M, linked to each other. Surstylus robust, not too dorsoventrally elongated.
Redescription. FEMALE (Holotype).
Body: 5.38 mm. Wing: 6.0 mm
Head. Frons mostly brown; yellowish in a median fine stripe, around the compound eyes, and on the bor- der between the lunula and the ocellar triangle; pruinescence golden. Vertex brown, shiny. Ocellar triangle dark brown. Median occipital sclerite pale yellow; pruinescence fine, silver on basal third. Occiput dark brown on superior half and yellow close to eye margin. Gena concave on anterior half, pale brown, yellow on the limit to the face and occiput. Postgena yellow; setulae brown. Face wide, strongly concave in lateral view; dark brown, with two lateral paler protuberances; pruinescence fine, colored with variations of silver, golden and copper, forming a central triangle, extending laterally and below lateral protuberances, and on a small spot between antennae. Subcranial margin prominent, dark brown. Antenna dark yellow; flagellomere 1 paler than scape and pedicel; scape with a strong dorsal seta; arista brown, paler beyond the first half of flagellomere 1, pubescence fine and short on two proximal thirds. Clypeus prominent, shiny, dark brown; pruinescence on a narrow lateral stripe on lower edge. Mouthparts dark brown; proboscis prolonged.
Thorax. Scutum dark brown with reddish regions; pruinescence fine, sparse, colored with variations of silver, golden, copper and brown, denser on the base of postpronotal lobe and on a dorsal spot; one extra seta close to right intra-alar presutural seta. Scutellum dilated laterally apically, longitudinally excavated, directed upward obliquely; mainly yellow, darker distally; pruinescence silver on lateral spots close to lateral setae. Pleura mostly brown, shiny, with paler and darker regions; pruinescence silver to golden. Propleura with 2 inconspicuous setae; pruinescence dense. Anepisternum shiny; pruinescence dense, varying from silver to golden, on posterior region of the upper third, extending as an oblique irregular stripe toward the inferior edge of proepimeron, in addition to two inferior spots. Anepimeron with spots of fine and silver pruinescence superiorly and adjacent to katatergite. Katepisternum dark brown, setulae fine mainly on ventral surface; pruinescence silver forming a spot on posterosuperior edge and on inferior margin. Metapleura shiny with irregular spots of fine silver pruinescence.
Legs. Mostly brown; covering setae pale brown, golden shiny. Fore coxa dark brown, dilated; setulae fine and pale on anterior and anterodorsal surfaces; pruinescence pale on posterior and anterior surfaces, and on the base of dorsal surface. Fore trochanter shiny, pale brown; pruinescence silver forming a stripe on anterior surface. Fore femur brown, paler distally, dilated; fine, long and spaced setae in a row on posteroventral surface; one fine more conspicuous seta on the base of anteroventral surface; covering setae pale brown, golden shiny. Fore tibia brown. Fore tarsus dark brown. Mid coxa brown; setulae pale on anterior surface. Mid trochanter yellow; setulae pale on ventral surface; pruinescence fine, silver. Mid femur brown, paler on distal third of the anterior surface and on the posterior surface. Mid tibia brown. Mid tarsus yellow, tarsomere 5 slightly darker. Hind coxa brown, with an acute projection on superior edge; setulae pale on anterior surface. Hind trochanter yellow; setulae pale on ventral surface; pruinescence fine, silver, sparse. Hind femur pale brown and shiny posteriorly, paler on distal third of anterior surface and on posterior surface; setae fine and conspicuous on the anteroventral surface, distal setae shorter and stronger, and one long fine seta on the base. Hind tibia pale brown. Hind tarsus similar to mid tarsus.
Wing (Fig. 1 d). Membrane slightly smoky; well defined spots on dm-cu, r-m, bm-cu, h, R fork, base of M, distal extremity of c, r1, r2+3, r4+5 and distal extremity of R4+5 and M; r-m broken in the middle; supernumerary veins absent.
Abdomen. Tergites dark brown, paler distally; laterally with fine pale setulae; pruinescence fine, silver to golden. Sternites 1 and 5 dark brown, sternites 2–4 pale brown to yellow. Female terminalia: tergite 7 (Fig. 5 c) more pigmented in a basal stripe linked to a median trapezoid area. Sternite 8 (Fig. 5 b) with one row of setulae. Egg (Fig. 6 c), illustrated by Lopes (1935: Fig. 2, p. 21): external surface of chorion with inconspicuous veins, restricted to anterior region (near micropyle).
MALE. Similar to female, except for having more robust legs, particularly the fore- and hind femora, the last one having stronger and more numerous spines. Male genitalia (Fig. 7): edge of epandrium rounded around anus (not evenly rounded anteriorly). Surstylus robust, inner surface with setulae stronger than on inner surface. Cerci fused together forming a triangle in dorsal view. Phallapodeme wide.
Variation. Body length varying from 4.14 to 6.67 mm; wing varying from 4.14 mm to 5.81 mm (wing generally shorter than body). Coloration varying from pale brown to dark brown, from reddish brown to yellowish brown. Dark lateral spots on ocellar triangle sometimes missing. Gena predominantly yellow or brown. Extra seta close to presutural seta present only on holotype. Scutum sometimes with reddish spots as well as two reddish longitudinal bands; pruinescence varied from silver to golden or copper. Scutellum predominantly yellow or brown, sometimes with lateral spots of fine, silver pruinescence. Coxal setulae varying from weaker to stronger; two or three setulae distinctly more conspicuous than remainder sometimes present. Mid- and hind tarsi dark or pale yellow, tarsomeres 4–5 sometimes darker than remaining tarsomeres. Rudimentary supernumerary vein sometimes present between R2+3 and C, between CuA1 and M2+3 and between M2+3 and R4+5, in both wings, in just one of them, or can be absent. Ejaculatory apodeme of male genitalia sometimes with membranous digitiform projections.
Comments. N. mutica, N. amapaensis, and N. aristalis are morphologically similar, but can be distinguished by the male genitalia, mainly by the shape of the surstylus. N. mutica also differs from these other two species by the longer body, pubescent arista, occiput dark brown without a yellow region, wing with darker spots, dm-cu spot linked to R4+5 and M spots. Lateral protuberances of the face are less prominent in N. mutica, pruinescence is denser and setae are stronger than in N. amapaensis and N. aristalis. Surstylus of the male genitalia not as dorsoventrally elongated as in N. amapaensis. Cerci wider than in N. amapaensis and in N. aristalis. Phallapodeme similar to that in N. aristalis. Phallus similar to that in N. amapaensis. Ejaculatory apodeme with more dilated base than in N. amapaensis and in N. aristalis. Female terminalia is similar to those of N. amapaensis and N. aristalis, but differs from N. fonsecai mainly by the single row of setulae in sternite 8 (one instead of the two bands of N. fonsecai). N. mutica is the only species of the genus to have the pigmentation pattern on tergite 7 described above. Eggs of N. mutica are similar to those of N. aristalis, but different from the egg of N. fonsecai.
Examined type material. Holotype Ψ [MNH-Wien], labeled: “Novara R.\ Brasilia ”; “ mutica [hand written]\ Alte Sammlung”; “ Type ”(red label).
Holotype condition: well preserved, although dust covered; hind femur-tibia articulation with a kind of dust agglomeration; scutum and right hind coxa damaged by entomological pin.
Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: Barbacena, ii.1962, M. Alvarenga, 2 ɗ, Ψ [DZUP]; Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, 10.xi.1943, J. F. Zikan, Ψ [MNRJ]; São Paulo: São Paulo, 15.xi.1938, L. Travassos, 2 Ψ [MNRJ]; x.1929, 2 ɗ [IBSP]; 01.x.1929, 2 ɗ [IBSP]; v.1929, ɗ [IBSP]; (Serra da Cantareira, Horto Florestal), iii.1935, L. Travassos, ɗ, Ψ (same pin) [MNRJ]; (800 m altitude), 12.vii.1962, R. Barth, 1ɗ [MZSP]; Santo Amaro, J. Lane, 2 ɗ [MZSP]; v.1951, Ψ [MZSP]; vi.1952, 3 Ψ [MZSP]; v.1955, 2 ɗ, Ψ [MZSP]; ix.1956, 2 Ψ [MZSP]; 2.x.1960, ɗ [MZSP]; Paraná: Curitiba, xii.1937, ɗ [MZSP]; Santa Catarina: Blumenau, ɗ [MNRJ]; xii.1924, 2 ɗ [MZSP]; Rio Grande do Sul: ɗ, Ψ [MHN].
Geographic distribution. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais (Barbacena), Rio de Janeiro (Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro), São Paulo (Barueri, Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Piracicaba, Silveira), Santa Catarina (Blumenau), Paraná (Curitiba), Rio Grande do Sul (Morungava).
description: Published as part of Almeida, Júlia C. & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2008, Taxonomic review of Neorhinotora Lopes 1934 (Diptera, Heleomyzidae), pp. 40-58 in Zootaxa 1936 on pages 53-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184942