Larinioides folium Schrank 1803
Creators: name: Šestáková, Anna
name: Marusik, Yuri M.
name: Omelko, Mikhail M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Araneidae
Larinioides
Larinioides folium

description: Larinioides folium (Schrank, 1803)
Figs 7, 8 G, 9G, 10G, 15, 16, 25B, 31
Epeira folium Schrank 1803: 240 (D♀).
Epeira apoclysa Audouin 1826: 341, pl. 3, fig. 1 (♂, misidentified). Epeira cornuta lurida Thorell 1875: 9 (D♀; nomen oblitum).
Epeira suspicax O. Pickard-Cambridge 1876: 577 (D♀).
Araneus cornutus orientalis Fage 1921: 176, figs. 4B–C (D♂♀). Larinioides dernae Caporiacco 1934: 14, fig. 5 (D♀).
Araneus cungei Bakhvalov 1974: 110, figs 59, 61 (D♀). Syn. n. Araneus folium: Thaler 1974: 257, figs 1–2, 5, 7, 10 (♂♀).
Nuctenea cornuta: Levi 1974: 306, figs. 63–66 (♀, misidentified). Larinioides suspicax: Levy 1998: 347, figs 144–150 (removed ♂♀ from synonymy of L. folium). Larinioides folium: Mikhailov 2013a: 265 (name reinstated).
For a complete list of references see Platnick (2014).
Misidentifications:
L. suspicax Trotta, 2005: 162, fig. 231. The figure refers to L. cornutus. Trotta (2005) used copies of figures published by other authors and partly confused L. cornutus with L. folium.
Material examined: SLOVAKIA: 1♂ (6 October 2008): Bratislava, Devínska Nová Ves, meadow near river Morava, 48°12’N 16°58’E, 138 m, A. Šestáková (AS); 2♀♀ 1juv (10 June 2012): Leles, riparian forest near river, 48°28’N 22°E, 99 m, M. Holecová (AS); 1♂ 0 8 (20 June 2008): Ipeľ, near river, Z. Krumpálová (AS); 1♂ 2♀♀ (31 July 2006): Spišská Nová Ves, near water, 48°55’N 22°33’E, 498 m, A. Šestáková (AS); 1♀ (1 August 2010): Rapovce, 48°16’N 19°41’E, 176 m, Ľ. Černecká (LC); 1♂ (15 September 2010): Malý Kiarov, wetland, 48°6’N 19°26’E, 147 m, Ľ. Černecká (LC). TURKEY: 1♀ (23 May 2005): Taskesigi, wetland, J. Dolanský (AS). UKRAINE: 1♂ 2♀ (4 June 1982): Razdol’nenski District, Portovoye, Lebyazh’i islands, V. Bragina (IBPN); 1♂ (17 August 1970), Kherson Province, Zheleznyi Port, V.Y. Fet (IBPN). RUSSIA: 2♂ (1982), Kuibyshev (=Samara) Province, Zhiguli Reserve, Yu.Krasnobaev (IBPN); 2♀ (13 June 1909), Tomsk Area, Zelenogorsk, Novinskoye Vil., Lavrov (ZISP); 1♀ (July 1897), Krasnoyarsk Province, Minusinsk District, Shiro Lake, Yu. Wagner (ZISP). ISRAEL: 1♂ (6 September 2011): Be'er Masha'bim, near pond, 31°1’N 34°45’E, 326 m, M. Forman (AS). GEORGIA: 1♂ (16 June 1909), Kobuleti, coll. unknown (ZISP). ARMENIA: 2♂ 2♀ (3 August 1983), Sevan Lake, 2060 m, D.V. Logunov (IBPN). IRAN: 12♂ 5♀ (September 2005): Tehran, Karaj, H. Ghahari (IBPN). KAZAKHSTAN: 2♂ 3♀ (16 June 1982): Uralsk Area, Sorkul Lake shore, 54°05'45"N 63°28'36"E, K.G. Mikhailov (ZMMU); 1♀ (Summer 1982), Kustanai Province, Kustri, S. Udalov (IBPN); 1♀ (23 May 1982), Barsakelmes Island, D.D. Piryulin (IBPN); 2♀ (2 May 1983), Dzhambul Area, Georgiyevka, V.I. Ovtsharenko (IBPN). UZBEKISTAN: 1♂ 1♀ (17 August 1873), Golodnaya Steppe, Ansher, O.O. Gorbatovski (ZISP). KYRGYZSTAN: 2♀ (21 June 1983), Issyk-Kul’ Province, Kungei-Alatoo, Chon-Uryukty Gorge, 2000–2500 m, V. Ovtsharenko (IBPN); 1♀ (17 June 1979), Frunze City, S.L. Zonstein (IBPN).
Diagnosis. The species is similar to L. chabarovi and very similar to L. cornutus. From the L. chabarovi it can be distinguished by the copulatory organs. From sibling L. cornutus it differs by a square-shaped epigyne (rounded in L. cornutus) (Fig. 31) and by the toothed subterminal apophysis 2 (Figs 15, 16, blue).
Description. Carapace, chelicerae and sternum uniformly brown. Dorsum of abdomen with brown folium and pale cross (Figs 7 A, C). Legs yellow, dark annulated.
Male. Total length 5.8–7.4. Carapace 3.4–4.0 long, 2.8–3.2 wide. Length of the first patella + tibia 5.4–8.0. Tibia II unmodified (Fig. 8 G). Palp as in Figs 9 G, 10G, 15, 16, 25B; bulbus with tapered terminal apophysis; blunt subterminal apophysis 1; toothed subterminal apophysis 2; and embolus with a flat shield; median apophysis with flat rounded lower part and narrow upper one with a pointed tip; conductor rounded.
Female. Total length 7.4–10.6. Carapace 3.0–4.7 long, 2.6–3.6 wide. Length of the first patella + tibia 3.2–5.8. Epigyne as Fig. 31, scapus short and straight; median plate anteriorly squared; surrounded by lateral lamellae, anteriorly folded into triangular lobes covering copulatory openings; basal lamellae well developed.
Distribution. This species is known from Europe to Tuva (Marusik et al. 2000).
Comments. The species was known for a long time as L. folium Schrank, 1803. Levy (1998) considered this name a nomen dubium, and instead of introducing a neotype (to keep stability), he revalidated the name L. suspicax. In this paper, we follow Mikhailov (2013a) who reinstated Epeira folium.
The figures of Araneus cungei Bakhvalov, 1974 (cf. Bakhvalov 1974, 1981a) show a trapezoidal shape of the epigyne, which undoubtedly indicates its conspecificity with L. folium, and two names are synonymised here.
description: Published as part of Šestáková, Anna, Marusik, Yuri M. & Omelko, Mikhail M., 2014, A revision of the Holarctic genus Larinioides Caporiacco, 1934 (Araneae: Araneidae), pp. 61-82 in Zootaxa 3894 (1) on pages 78-79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/287594