cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The brave new world: imperfect information, segregation costs, and genetically modified organisms
Creators: name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Schmitz, Troy G.
name: Schmitz, Andrew
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Schmitz, Troy G.
name: Schmitz, Andrew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: genetically modified (GM) crops
subject: compensation principle
subject: segregation costs
subject: Pareto principle
subject: immiserizing growth

description: The introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops in the mid 1990s appeared to be the latest in a string of technological innovations in agriculture. However, consumer resistance, particularly in Europe has limited the sector’s enthusiasm. One response to the limited enthusiasm has been the emergence of segregated markets for GM and non-GM products. These separated markets reduce economic welfare because they require additional costs in the marketing system. Offsetting these segregation costs, however, the introduction of GM technologies offers increased economic welfare through reduced commodity prices for consumers who are indifferent to the presence of GM traits and increased profits to producers who adopt GM technologies. This study develops the combinations of segregation costs and increased supplies that leave societal surplus unchanged. Any GM technology that yields a larger increase in supply for any segregation cost depicted in this relationship meets the compensation principle and, thus, improves societal welfare. In this case, market based adoption of these technologies improve economic surplus. On the other hand, technologies that yields less increase in supply for any segregation cost reduces societal welfare. Under this scenario, market based adoption will not be welfare improving and, hence, government regulation may be required.
Estimating the demand for risk reduction from foodborne pathogens through food irradiation
Creators: name: Hartl, Jochen
name: Fox, John A.
name: Hartl, Jochen
name: Fox, John A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: food safety
subject: irradiation
subject: Willingness to Pay (WTP)
subject: Contingent Valuation (CV)

description: In this study the response of US consumers to irradiation in meat processing is examined. Despite scientific evidence of the effectiveness and safety of irradiation, meat processors and retailers have been slow to market irradiated beef products due to uncertainty about consumer acceptance. The objective of this study was therefore to examine the factors influencing consumer demand for irradiation using data from a contingent valuation (CV) survey with 819 households in eight midwestern US states. The analysis focused on the value of reduced risk from Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in ground beef consumption. Respondents were on average willing to pay a price premium of 22 cents/lb. for safer ground beef. Willingness to Pay (WTP) amounts were influenced by protective actions at home and varied partly with the scope of the risk reduction.
Trust and attitude in consumer food choices under risk
Creators: name: Graffeo, Michele
name: Savadori, Lucia
name: Lombardi, Luigi
name: Tentori, Katya
name: Bonini, Nicolao
name: Rumiati, Rino
name: Graffeo, Michele
name: Savadori, Lucia
name: Lombardi, Luigi
name: Tentori, Katya
name: Bonini, Nicolao
name: Rumiati, Rino
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: trust
subject: trust antecedents
subject: attitude
subject: food scare
subject: purchase intention

description: In this paper, attitude and trust are studied in the context of a food scare (dioxin) with the aim of identifying the components of attitude and trust that significantly affect how purchases are determined. A revised version of the model by MAYER et al. (1995) was tested for two types of food: salmon and chicken. The final model for salmon shows that trust is significantly determined by perceived competence, perceived shared values, truthfulness of information and the experiential attitude (the feeling that consuming salmon is positive), but trust has no impact on behavioural intentions. Consumer preferences seem to be determined by a positive experiential attitude and the perception that breeders, sellers and institutions have values similar to those of the consumer. The model for chicken gave very similar results.
Additional file 3 of Linker histone epitopes are hidden by in situ higher-order chromatin structure
Creators: name: Teif, Vladimir B.
name: Gould, Travis J.
name: Clarkson, Christopher T.
name: Boyd, Logan
name: Antwi, Enoch B.
name: Ishaque, Naveed
name: Olins, Ada L.
name: Olins, Donald E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3: Additional Table S2.
Chandra-LETGS observation of Mrk 279: modeling the AGN internal structure
Creators: name: Costantini, E.
name: Kaastra, J. S.
name: Steenbrugge, K. C.
name: Arav, N.
name: Gabel, J. R.
name: Kriss, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the Chandra-LETGS analysis of Mrk 279, a bright Seyfert 1 galaxy. The spectrum shows a variety of features arising from different physical environments in the vicinity of the black hole. We detect three absorption components, located at the redshift of the source. One of them is likely to arise from the host galaxy. An additional component due to absorption by a collisionally ionized gas at z=0 is also observed. Such an absorption can be produced in the outskirts of our Galaxy or in the local group. The emission spectrum is rich in narrow and broad emission features. We tested the hypothesis that the broad emission lines originate in the Broad Line Region (BLR), as studied in the UV band. We find that at least 2 components with different ionization parameters are necessary to simultaneously interpret the broad emission line measured in the UV (by HST-STIS and FUSE) and in the X-rays.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of X-ray Diagnostics for Astrophysical Plasmas: Theory, Experiment, and Observation, ed. R. K. Smith (Melville: AIP)
IMPACT ON FOOD SECURITY AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF REALLOCATING WATER FROM AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Ringler, Claudia
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Ringler, Claudia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Water transfers
subject: Water scarcity
subject: Agricultural production
subject: Projections of food supply and demand
subject: Demand management

description: The competition for limited water resources between agriculture and more highly valued domestic and industrial water uses is rapidly increasing and will likely require the transfer of water out of agriculture. This paper reviews and synthesizes the available evidence of the effects of water transfers from agricultural to urban and industrial areas on local and regional rural economies; and analyzes the potential impacts of a large reallocation on global food supply and demand. It concludes with a discussion on the potential for water policy reform and demand management to minimize adverse impacts when water is reallocated from agriculture. It is argued that comprehensive reforms are required to mitigate the potentially adverse impacts of water transfers for local communities and to sustain crop yield and output growth to meet rising food demands at the global level. Key policy reforms include the establishment of secure water rights to users; the decentralization and privatization of water management functions to appropriate levels; the use of incentives including pricing reform, especially in urban contexts, and markets in tradable property rights; and the introduction of appropriate water-saving technologies.
description: "August 1999". Includes bibliographical references (p.42-48).
Relating diet, demographics and lifestyle to increasing US obesity rates
Creators: name: Schroeter, Christiane
name: Schroeter, Christiane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: obesity
subject: food source
subject: fast food
subject: diet
subject: lifestyle

description: Changes in the American lifestyle are putting more individuals at risk due to the declining quality of their diets. In the last 20 years, the readily available high-fat foods (e.g., "fast foods") combined with the decreased caloric requirements due to lower physical activity levels is assumed to be the major factor in the sharp rise in the prevalence of obesity. The typical away-from-home meal is less healthy than food at home, since it tends to contain more total fat and saturated fat, less calcium, fiber, and iron, and fewer servings of fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, due to the super-sizing trend that is sweeping the market, when Americans eat out, they eat more. Thus, a rising away-from-home consumption appears to establish a significant barrier to improve American dietary habits and health status. The continuously increasing trend towards obesity is affecting the public health system tremendously, since four of the ten leading causes of death in the US, including heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes, are strongly associated with poor diet and physical inactivity. In terms of lost productivity and medical expenses, it leads to an estimated cost of $200 billion each year. Despite the considerable change in demographics and lifestyles, little research has documented the impact of changes in these factors on the rising US obesity. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of food source, diet, demographic, and lifestyle on the prevalence of obesity and overweight. This study will be based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2000), which, among many other variables, includes measured weight and height and hence provides the best opportunity to track trends in weight in the US NHANES, administered by the US Department of Health and Human Services. The NHANES provides nationally representative information on the health and nutritional status of the US population. While controlling for demographics, lifestyle and diet information, the main goal is to determine whether the source from which food is obtained also contributes to the increased overweight. Linear regression is applied to estimate the effect of food source, particularly fast-food outlets and restaurants, on the body mass index (BMI). BMI expressed as weight/height2 (i.e. kg/m2), is commonly used to classify overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9) and obesity (BMI: ≥ 30.0) among adults (age 18 years and over). Previous studies have found gender-specific differences in the effect of different factors on the BMI. This is tested empirically in this study. Quantifying the effects of demographic and lifestyle determinants on BMI will provide a better understanding of the impact of different factors on obesity.
Industry-mandated testing to improve food safety: the new US marketing order for pistachios
Creators: name: Brunke, Henrich
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Gray, Richard S.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
name: Brunke, Henrich
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Gray, Richard S.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food safety
subject: food scare
subject: collective action
subject: marketing orders
subject: pistachios
subject: public good
subject: food regulations
subject: cost-benefit analysis

description: Food safety shocks can threaten the health of consumers, create havoc within an industry and result in severe losses to producers. Governments often attempt to aid food safety by mandating standards and inspection of food products to supplement the efforts by private firms and industries. This article assesses a form of collective action that falls between typical government mandates and purely private action. The California pistachio industry recently established a U.S. federal marketing order, which sets quality standards and inspection to reduce the likelihood of dangerous or poor quality pistachios. Simulation results indicate that, across the full range of parameters used in the analysis, the benefit-cost analysis was always favorable to the new policy. In the case of California pistachios, collective action is likely to be a helpful tool to ensure a safe product and increase benefits to producers and consumers.
Adversarial Immunization for Certifiable Robustness on Graphs
Creators: name: Tao, Shuchang
name: Shen, Huawei
name: Cao, Qi
name: Hou, Liang
name: Cheng, Xueqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite achieving strong performance in semi-supervised node classification task, graph neural networks (GNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, similar to other deep learning models. Existing researches focus on developing either robust GNN models or attack detection methods against adversarial attacks on graphs. However, little research attention is paid to the potential and practice of immunization to adversarial attacks on graphs. In this paper, we propose and formulate the graph adversarial immunization problem, i.e., vaccinating an affordable fraction of node pairs, connected or unconnected, to improve the certifiable robustness of graph against any admissible adversarial attack. We further propose an effective algorithm, called AdvImmune, which optimizes with meta-gradient in a discrete way to circumvent the computationally expensive combinatorial optimization when solving the adversarial immunization problem. Experiments are conducted on two citation networks and one social network. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AdvImmune method remarkably improves the ratio of robust nodes by 12%, 42%, 65%, with an affordable immune budget of only 5% edges.
description: Accepted by the WSDM 2021; Code: https://github.com/TaoShuchang/AdvImmune
Identification and characterization of novel kinetochore components in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Creators: name: Pot, Isabelle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: To maintain a high fidelity of chromosome transmission during mitosis, the genetic material must be segregated accurately to daughter cells. Failures in this process lead to aneuploidy and may contribute to the development of cancer. The multiprotein kinetochore complex contributes to faithful chromosome segregation by mediating the attachment of a specialized chromosomal region, the centromere, to the mitotic spindle. The goal of this project was to identify and characterize novel components of the budding yeast kinetochore. A subset of kinetochore proteins, referred to as the central kinetochore, provides a link between centromere DNA-binding proteins of the inner kinetochore and microtubule-binding proteins of the outer kinetochore. A combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation, in vivo localization and protein co-immunoprecipitation was used here to establish that yeast Chl4p and Iml3p are central kinetochore proteins, by demonstrating that they localize to the kinetochore and interact with known central kinetochore proteins; kinetochore components needed for these proteins to interact with centromere DNA were also identified. Chl4p is proposed to be an important structural component of the central kinetochore, as it is required for protein-protein interactions of several members of the Ctfl9 central kinetochore complex. These physical interaction dependencies provide insights into the molecular architecture and centromere DNA loading requirements of the kinetochore complex. Proper chromosome segregation is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint that delays anaphase if defects in kinetochore-microtubule attachments occur. Amelp is an essential component of the Ctfl9 complex. Here conditional amel mutants were used to probe the molecular localization of Amelp and investigate its function, amel mutants are defective in chromosome segregation, and Amelp likely participates in kinetochoremicrotubule attachment through its interaction with Ctfl9p. amel mutants are also sensitive to overexpression of a microtubule-associated protein, Biklp. In addition, amel mutants break through an initial spindle assembly checkpoint-dependent delay in cell cycle progression; this defect is restored by overexpression of another essential component of the Ctf 19 complex, Okplp. Finally, amel mutants seem to exhibit premature spindle elongation, even in the presence of a microtubule-depolymerizing drug, which frequently occurs in the mother cell and appears to be uncoupled from sister chromatid separation. Together these results indicate that Amelp functions in kinetochore-microtubule attachment and may contribute to the maintenance of the spindle checkpoint signal.
Evolution of pairwise entanglement in a coupled n-body system
Creators: name: Pineda, Carlos
name: Seligman, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the exact evolution of two non-interacting qubits, initially in a Bell state, in the presence of an environment, modeled by a kicked Ising spin chain. Dynamics of this model range from integrable to chaotic and we can handle numerics for a large number of qubits. We find that the entanglement (as measured by concurrence) of the two qubits has a close relation to the purity of the pair, and follows an analytic relation derived for Werner states. As a collateral result we find that an integrable environment causes quadratic decay of concurrence, while a chaotic environment causes linear decay.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; RevTex4, Fixed typo in Eq. 3 and in concurrence definition
Evolutionary-Based Sparse Regression for the Experimental Identification of Duffing Oscillator
Creators: name: Goharoodi, Saeideh Khatiry
name: Dekemele, Kevin
name: Loccufier, Mia
name: Dupre, Luc
name: Crevecoeur, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, an evolutionary-based sparse regression algorithm is proposed and applied onto experimental data collected from a Duffing oscillator setup and numerical simulation data. Our purpose is to identify the Coulomb friction terms as part of the ordinary differential equation of the system. Correct identification of this nonlinear system using sparse identification is hugely dependent on selecting the correct form of nonlinearity included in the function library. Consequently, in this work, the evolutionary-based sparse identification is replacing the need for user knowledge when constructing the library in sparse identification. Constructing the library based on the data-driven evolutionary approach is an effective way to extend the space of nonlinear functions, allowing for the sparse regression to be applied on an extensive space of functions. ,e results show that the method provides an effective algorithm for the purpose of unveiling the physical nature of the Duffing oscillator. In addition, the robustness of the identification algorithm is investigated for various levels of noise in simulation. ,e proposed method has possible applications to other nonlinear dynamic systems in mechatronics, robotics, and electronics.
Additional file 4 of Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019
Creators: name: Karshima, Solomon Ngutor
name: Karshima, Magdalene Nguvan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Results for Egger regression analysis.
ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM CENTRAL HONDURAS
Creators: name: Pender, John L.
name: Scherr, Sara J.
name: Pender, John L.
name: Scherr, Sara J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Honduras
subject: Natural resources -- Management
subject: Collective behavior
subject: Government
subject: Land management

description: The determinants of local organizational density and the impacts of local and external organizations on collective and private natural resource management decisions are investigated based on a survey of 48 villages in central Honduras. Factors positively associated with local organizational development include the presence of external organizations, population level, moderate population growth, lower population density, the presence of immigrants, distance from the urban market, literacy and coffee production. Local organizations are found to contribute to collective action to conserve resources, while government organizations appear to displace it, though not in all cases. The findings suggest that external organizations can play a catalytic role in fostering development of local organizations and emphasize the importance of improved understanding of the roles of local organizations, in order to enhance complementarity and minimize competition between these different agents in promoting sustainable development.
description: "November 1999". Includes bibliographical references (p.47-49). Published as.
Evaluating the Labor-Market Effects of the COVID-19 Medicaid Continuous Enrollment Provision
Creators: name: Humphries, Dustin
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2025
Subjects: Medicaid, Labor Market, Pandemic, COVID-19, Medicaid Notch, Employment, Current Population Survey

description: With the goal of maintaining insurance coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic, lawmakers allowed Medicaid beneficiaries to be continually eligible for coverage, even if they would normally become disqualified. The policy constituted a major transition in Medicaid policy and changed the budget constraint faced by beneficiaries. In this thesis, I outline the modifications that this policy has to the budget constraint under the static labor model. I then use the Current Population Survey to assess the effects of the beginning of the terminations process on beneficiaries’ labor behavior. I find that the beginning of the terminations process from continuous eligibility increased the number of hours worked for non-parent beneficiaries from between 4.988 and 6.122 hours. These results suggest that non-parent adults respond in a way that counters the static economic model. In contrast, I find no labor effect of terminations on parents, which may result from continued coverage under the Transitional Medical Assistance (TMA) program.
Blockchain Education & Standardisation: Navigating (beyond) the European Landscape
Creators: name: Blind, Knut
name: Caporali, Stèphane
name: Forbes, Raymond
name: Schwalm, Steffen
name: Matulevicius, Raimundas
name: Dell'Agli, Serena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: DLT Standardisation
Blockchain
Seeblocks.eu
Europe

description: Slides presented during the SEEBLOCKS.eu webinar entitled 'Blockchain Education & Standardisation: Navigating (beyond) the European Landscape' held on November 10, 2023.
Hadronic vacuum polarization using gradient flow
Creators: name: Harlander, Robert V.
name: Lange, Fabian
name: Neumann, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gradient-flow operator product expansion for QCD current correlators including operators up to mass dimension four is calculated through NNLO. This paves an alternative way for efficient lattice evaluations of hadronic vacuum polarization functions. In addition, flow-time evolution equations for flowed composite operators are derived. Their explicit form for the non-trivial dimension-four operators of QCD is given through order $α_s^3$.
description: 30 pages, 1 ancillary file. v2: Added minor clarifications and references; fixed some typos, most notably in Eq. (4.12)
Demand for quality-differentiated beef in Japan
Creators: name: Saghaian, Sayed H.
name: Reed, Michael R.
name: Saghaian, Sayed H.
name: Reed, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: vertical quality differentiation
subject: consumer demand
subject: beef
subject: Japan

description: In this article, we apply a model of vertical product differentiation to the Japanese beef market. We theoretically derive a system of consumer demand functions for quality-differentiated beef in Japan. We choose a particular utility function which is nonlinear in the consumption of the quality-differentiated product and linear in the consumption of all other goods. We employ a seemingly unrelated econometric model to estimate Japanese consumer demand functions for four beef types from the four origins. The empirical results show Japanese consumers prefer domestically produced beef to imported US and Australian. We also find seventeen substitution and two complementary effects among the various origins.
Unlocking Smarter Urban Mobility - Guatemala
Creators: name: Bianchi, Ricardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 330409
subject: Transport planning
classificationCode: 330411
subject: Urban design

description: This article explores the transformative potential of AI-driven predictive analytics and big data in revolutionizing traffic management in Guatemala City. By developing an intelligent traffic management system that utilizes realtime data and advanced predictive modeling, we aim to optimize traffic flow and significantly reduce congestion, particularly during peak hours.
Subdiffusion and cage effect in a sheared granular material
Creators: name: Marty, G.
name: Dauchot, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate experimentally the diffusion properties of a bidimensional bidisperse dry granular material under quasistatic cyclic shear.The comparison of these properties with results obtained both in computer simulations of hard spheres systems and Lenard-Jones liquids and experiments on colloidal systems near the glass transition demonstrates a strong analogy between the behaviour of granular matter and these systems. More specifically, we study in detail the cage dynamics responsible for the subdiffusion in the slow relaxation regime, and obtain the values of relevant time and length scales.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PRL
Value Sharing and Food System Dynamics for Milk, Tomato, and Cereals Food Chains
Creators: name: Bertazzoli, Aldo
name: Ghelfi, Rino
name: Rivaroli, Sergio
name: Samoggia, Antonella
name: Bertazzoli, Aldo
name: Ghelfi, Rino
name: Rivaroli, Sergio
name: Samoggia, Antonella
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: food chain
subject: value system
subject: economic performance
subject: potato
subject: fruit
subject: cheese

description: The aim of the paper is to analyse value sharing and food system dynamics of milk, tomato, and cereals food chains, so to explore the agro‐food enterprises capacity to be competitive and sustainable. The paper is based on the functionalist approach of Malassis and the notion of the system of the General Systems Theory. The methodology is aimed at creating a consolidated financial statement for each food chain so to re‐create the chain value and identify how this is shared among the different food chain stages. The analysis is carried out on primary and secondary data: around 2400 financial statements concerning 480 enterprises from 2003 to 2007 and stakeholders’ interviews. Results show that value is usually created in the processing and distribution stages, to the detriment of the primary sector, and that the retail managing practices tend to impose damaging structural changes on farms whose profitability is at times becoming sustainable only thanks to European subsidies. To conclude, there is evidence of inadequate definition of strategic and network alliance along the chain. Competitiveness is still a concept achieved by single food chain stages against others and food chain internal competition entails a declining sustainability of small farms and enterprises.
Catastrophizing, fear and avoidance in the development of chronic pain
Creators: name: McMurtry, Bruce Wiliam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A self-perpetuating cycle of catastrophizing, pain related fear (PRF), and avoidance following tissue stress or damage has been proposed to underlie the development of chronic pain in some individuals (Vlaeyen, Kole-Snijders, Rotteveel, et al., 1995; Vlaeyen & Linton, 2000). A number of instruments have been designed to measure aspects of PRF and catastrophizing, and research utilizing them has provided support for many aspects of the pain related fear/avoidance cycle (Vlaeyen & Linton, 2000). However, there has been relatively little research on PRF or catastrophizing early in the transition to chronic pain and disability. The current study examined the structure of PRF and catastrophizing early in the course of a low-back pain episode, and the prediction of three-month outcome from those variables. Work disabled individuals with lowback pain completed questionnaires, including measures of PRF (i.e.. Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (McCracken, Zayfert & Gross, 1992), Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, (Waddell, Newton, Henderson, Somerville & Main, 1993), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (Vlaeyen, Kole- Snijders, Boeren & van Eek, 1995)) and catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan, Bishop & Pivik, 1995)), by mail at less than seven weeks post-pain onset and a second set of questionnaires, including measures of pain, perceived disability, depressive symptoms, and return to work at 3 months post-onset. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that in this sample, all of the instruments except the TSK conformed to the factor structure intended by the scale designers. Structural Equation Modeling provided support for the relationships between pain level, PRF, catastrophizing and avoidance proposed by Vlaeyen and Linton to characterize fear-avoidance cycle. Regression analyses demonstrated that at least some aspects of PRF and/or catastrophizing contributed significantly to the prediction of all aspects of three-month outcome after controlling for demographics and initial pain level. These results provide support for the role of catastrophizing and PRF in the development of chronic pain and for the mechanisms proposed by Vlaeyen and Linton (2000) to underlie that effect, but suggest there may be utility further refinement of PRF measures. Limitations to the study and broader theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Additional file 1 of Linker histone epitopes are hidden by in situ higher-order chromatin structure
Creators: name: Teif, Vladimir B.
name: Gould, Travis J.
name: Clarkson, Christopher T.
name: Boyd, Logan
name: Antwi, Enoch B.
name: Ishaque, Naveed
name: Olins, Ada L.
name: Olins, Donald E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Additional Figures.
Advancing Bioeconomy Skills Development in Central Macedonia and Beyond | Greek Policy Brief
Creators: name: FVA New Media Research (Italy)
name: Q PLAN International (Greece)
name: LOBA - Customer Experience Design
name: University of Bologna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Dive into this policy brief where we outline the key outcomes and recommendations from the Greek CoP’s Regional Policy Workshop, held under the BioGov.net project, focusing on strategies to enhance bioeconomy skills development.
Extraspecial 2-groups and images of braid group representations
Creators: name: Franko, Jennifer
name: Rowell, Eric C.
name: Wang, Zhenghan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 20F36; Secondary 20D15, 57M25

description: We investigate a family of (reducible) representations of Artin's braid groups corresponding to a specific solution to the Yang-Baxter equation. The images of the braid groups under these representations are finite groups, and we identify them precisely as extensions of extra-special 2-groups. The decompositions of the representations into their irreducible constituents are determined, which allows us to relate them to the well-known Jones representations of the braid groups factoring over Temperley-Lieb algebras and the corresponding link invariants.
description: 14 Pages, updated references
Additional file 3 of Oleic acid and derivatives affect human endothelial cell mitochondrial function and vasoactive mediator production
Creators: name: Bass, Virginia L.
name: Soukup, Joleen M.
name: Ghio, Andrew J.
name: Madden, Michael C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3: Supplement 3. OA cellular association differs with vehicle utilized.
Additional file 3 of Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019
Creators: name: Karshima, Solomon Ngutor
name: Karshima, Magdalene Nguvan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Quality assessment scores for eligible studies.
title: Dealing with Sexual Discrimination and Violence in German Universities : An Inventory
Creators: name: Schüz, Hannah-Sophie
name: Pantelmann, Heike
name: Wälty, Tanja
name: Lawrenz, Nina
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Gender equality polic
subject: Gender relations
subject: Institutionalization
subject: Sexual discrimination
subject: Sexual violence
subject: University
subject: ddc:300

description: Sexual discrimination and violence can be found in all areas of society, and universities are not the exception. Often regarded as safe institutional spaces, universities are far from rid of these problems. This article shows how sexual violence has long been tabooed and normalized in the German university context, and how this is reflected in the ambivalent approach German universities have adopted on this issue. Based on an evaluation of the way universities address the problem on their websites, as well as on telephone interviews with university internal experts, we show and discuss the way these institutions handle the problem and their legal anchoring. The results help to identify relevant actors and practices, providing a starting point for the development of strategies for action so as to better address and combat sexual violence in universities.
Additional file 2 of Linker histone epitopes are hidden by in situ higher-order chromatin structure
Creators: name: Teif, Vladimir B.
name: Gould, Travis J.
name: Clarkson, Christopher T.
name: Boyd, Logan
name: Antwi, Enoch B.
name: Ishaque, Naveed
name: Olins, Ada L.
name: Olins, Donald E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2: Additional Table S1.
Economic Development, Rural Zones and Farms in China
Creators: name: Fanfani, Roberto
name: Fanfani, Roberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Production Economics

description: Because of the growing influence of China, the rapid economic development and the transformation of Chinese society have attracted the attention of analysts, politicians and mass media. There are, however, many aspects of these changes that are less well known. This is not only because of the sheer size of China ‐ with a population of more than 1.3 billion – but also because of the lack of information on the enormously large and varied rural areas, where still now more than 55% of the Chinese population lives. The great reform of the Chinese economy began 30 years ago in 1978. The basic change was liberalization of foreign trade, the so‐called “Open Door Policy”. This involved a deep reform of the economy and in particular of agriculture, which entailed the dismantling of the collectives and the establishment of a family‐based farming structure, the so‐called “Household Responsibility System”. The rapid development of the Chinese economy in recent decades is the result of the combined effect of these reforms. However the role that reforms in agriculture and rural areas have played in this transformation have often been overlooked, and in particular the effect of reliable food supplies on a continually growing population, such as the Chinese one. The great reduction in hunger and malnutrition, which in the past affected millions of Chinese citizens, has had a decisive impact on the reduction of poverty, thus increasing the social stability of the whole country.
Anti-clustering in the national SARS-CoV-2 daily infection counts
Creators: name: Roukema, Boudewijn F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The noise in daily infection counts of an epidemic should be super-Poissonian due to intrinsic epidemiological and administrative clustering. Here, we use this clustering to classify the official national SARS-CoV-2 daily infection counts and check for infection counts that are unusually anti-clustered. We adopt a one-parameter model of $ϕ'_i$ infections per cluster, dividing any daily count $n_i$ into $n_i/ϕ'_i$ 'clusters', for 'country' $i$. We assume that $n_i/ϕ'_i$ on a given day $j$ is drawn from a Poisson distribution whose mean is robustly estimated from the four neighbouring days, and calculate the inferred Poisson probability $P'_{ij}$ of the observation. The $P'_{ij}$ values should be uniformly distributed. We find the value $ϕ_i$ that minimises the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance from a uniform distribution. We investigate the $(ϕ_i, N_i)$ distribution, for total infection count $N_i$. We find that most of the daily infection count sequences are inconsistent with a Poissonian model. Most are found to be consistent with the $ϕ_i$ model. The 28-, 14- and 7-day least noisy sequences for several countries are best modelled as sub-Poissonian, suggesting a distinct epidemiological family. The 28-day least noisy sequence of Algeria has a preferred model that is strongly sub-Poissonian, with $ϕ_i^{28} < 0.1$. TJ, TR, RU, BY, AL, AE, and NI have preferred models that are also sub-Poissonian, with $ϕ_i^{28} < 0.5$. A statistically significant ($P^τ < 0.05$) correlation was found between the lack of media freedom in a country, as represented by a high Reporters sans frontieres Press Freedom Index (PFI$^{2020}$), and the lack of statistical noise in the country's daily counts. The $ϕ_i$ model appears to be an effective detector of suspiciously low statistical noise in the national SARS-CoV-2 daily infection counts.
description: 30 pages, 17 figures, 12 tables; zenodo.5262698 at https://zenodo.org/record/5262698, live git at https://codeberg.org/boud/subpoisson, archived git at https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:rev:086b14906401f8484258cead5bc7152439a686ee ; v2: comparison with alternative methods and correlation with PFI, data updated to May 2021; v3: refs added, version accepted in PeerJ
X-ray microanalysis in STEM of short-term physico-chemical reactions at bioactive glass particles / biological fluids interface. Determination of O/Si atomic ratios
Creators: name: Blanchet, V.
name: Jallot, E.
name: Michel, J.
name: Wortham, L.
name: Laurent-Maquin, D.
name: Balossier, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Short-term physico-chemical reactions at the interface between bioactive glass particles and biological fluids are studied and we focus our attention on the measurements of O/Si atomic ratio. The studied bioactive glass is in the SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5-K2O-Al2O3-MgO system. The elemental analysis is performed at the submicrometer scale by STEM associated with EDXS and EELS. We previously developed an EDXS quantification method based on the ratio method and taking into account local absorption corrections. In this way, we use EELS data to determine, by an iterative process, the local mass thickness which is an essential parameter to correct absorption in EDXS spectra. After different delays of immersion of bioactive glass particles in a simulated biological solution, results show the formation of different surface layers at the bioactive glass periphery. Before one day of immersion, we observe the presence of an already shown (Si,O,Al) rich layer at the periphery. In this paper, we demonstrate that a thin electron dense (Si,O) layer is formed on top of the (Si,O,Al) layer. In this (Si,O) layer, depleted in aluminium, we point out an increase of oxygen weight concentration which can be interpreted by the presence of Si(OH)4 groups, that permit the formation of a (Ca,P) layer. Aluminium plays a role in the glass solubility and may inhibit apatite nucleation. After the beginning of the (Ca,P) layer formation, the size of the electron dense (Si,O) layer decreases and tends to disappear. After two days of immersion, the (Ca,P) layer grows in thickness and leads to apatite precipitation
Gravitational-Wave Signature of an Inspiral into a Supermassive Horizonless Object
Creators: name: Kesden, Michael
name: Gair, Jonathan
name: Kamionkowski, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Event horizons are among the most intriguing of general relativity's predictions. Although on firm theoretical footing, direct indications of their existence have yet to be observed. With this motivation in mind, we explore here the possibility of finding a signature for event horizons in the gravitational waves (GWs) produced during the inspiral of stellar-mass compact objects (COs) into the supermassive ($\sim 10^6 M_\odot$) objects that lie at the center of most galaxies. Such inspirals will be a major source for LISA, the future space-based GW observatory. We contrast supermassive black holes with models in which the central object is a supermassive boson star (SMBS). Provided the COs interact only gravitationally with the SMBS, stable orbits exist not just outside the Schwarzschild radius but also inside the surface of the SMBS as well. The absence of an event horizon allows GWs from these orbits to be observed. Here we solve for the metric in the interior of a fairly generic class of SMBS and evolve the trajectory of an inspiraling CO from the Schwarzschild exterior through the plunge into the exotic SMBS interior. We calculate the approximate waveforms for GWs emitted during this inspiral. Geodesics within the SMBS surface will exhibit extreme pericenter precession and other features making the emitted GWs readily distinguishable from those emitted during an inspiral into a black hole.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, submitted to PRD
Retirement Plans and Expectations of TIAA-CREF Policyholders
Creators: name: Teachers' Insurance And Annuity Association/College Retirement Equities Fund (TIAA/CREF)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Work(3); retirement age(6); reasons to retire(18); plans for retirement (36); retirement income/finances(18); mandatory retirement(3); savings (7).
Quasinormal modes, quasiperiodic oscillations and shadow of rotating regular black holes in non-minimally coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Jusufi, Kimet
name: Azreg-Aïnou, Mustapha
name: Jamil, Mubasher
name: Wei, Shao-Wen
name: Wu, Qiang
name: Wang, Anzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we obtain an effective metric describing a regular and rotating magnetic black hole (BH) solution with a Yang-Mills electromagnetic source in Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM) theory using the Newman--Janis algorithm via the non-complexification radial coordinate procedure. We then study the BH shadow and the quasinormal modes (QNMs) for massless scalar and electromagnetic fields and the quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs). To this end, we also study the embedding diagram for the rotating EYM BH. The energy conditions, shadow curvature radius, topology and the dynamical evolution of scalar and electromagnetic perturbations using the time domain integration method are investigated. We show that the shadow radius decreases by increasing the magnetic charge, while the real part of QNMs of scalar and electromagnetic fields increases by increasing the magnetic charge. This result is consistent with the inverse relation between the shadow radius and the real part of QNMs. In addition, we have studied observational constraints on the EYM parameter $λ$ via frequency analysis of QPOs and the EHT data of shadow cast by the M87 central black hole. We also find that the decaying rate of the EYM BH is slower than that of the neutral and ends up with a tail. We argue that the rotating EYM black hole can be distinguished from the Kerr-Newman black hole with a magnetic charge based on the difference between the angular diameters of their shadows.
description: 25 pages, 17 figures, 7 tables