cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chasing Tails: Active Asteroid, Centaur, and Quasi-Hilda Discovery with Astroinformatics and Citizen Science
Creators: name: Chandler, Colin Orion
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 1950 discovery of activity emanating from asteroid (4015) Wilson-Harrington prompted astronomers to realize comet-like activity is not limited to comets. Since then < 30 active asteroids have been discovered, yet they hold clues about fundamental physical and chemical processes in the solar system. Around half of the activity is attributed to sublimation, highlighting asteroids as a "volatile reservoir" - a dynamical group of minor planets that harbor volatiles. Centaurs, found between the orbits of Jupiter and Neptune, were first recognized in 1977 and represent another reservoir. Active Centaurs are also rare, with < 20 known. Understanding the solar system volatile distribution has broad implications, from informing space exploration programs to illuminating how planetary systems form with volatiles prerequisite to life as we know it. We set out to increase the number of known active objects to enable their study as populations. In this dissertation I present (1) our pipeline that extracts images of known minor planets for presentation to Citizen Scientists, (2) our proof-of-concept demonstrating Dark Energy Camera images are ideal for activity detection (Chandler et al. 2018), (3) how we identified a potential new recurrent activity mechanism (Chandler et al. 2019), (4) a Centaur activity discovery, plus a novel technique to estimate which species are sublimating (Chandler et al. 2020), (5) how our project enabled us to classify an object as a member of the main-belt comets (Chandler et al. 2021), a rare (<10) active asteroid subset known for sublimation-driven activity, (6) the identification of a Quasi-Hilda comet and a dynamical pathway that may explain the presence of some active asteroids (Chandler et al. 2022), and (7) our NASA Partner Citizen Science project Active Asteroids (http://activeasteroids.net), including initial results.
description: 242 page dissertation
Additional file 3 of Tumor co-expression of progranulin and sortilin as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer
Creators: name: Berger, Karoline
name: Rhost, Sara
name: Svanheiður Rafnsdóttir
name: Éamon Hughes
name: Magnusson, Ylva
name: Ekholm, Maria
name: Stål, Olle
name: Rydén, Lisa
name: Landberg, Göran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3:. Sortilin antibody validation. Validation of the sortilin antibody (ab16640, Abcam) using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Weak or no staining was seen in MCF10a and CAL-120, while strong positive staining was seen in T47D and MCF7 (A). Correspondingly, protein extracts from T47D and MCF7 gave an intense band at ~ 95 kDa using Western blotting and protein extracts from MCF10a and CAL-120 produced only faint bands (B). Knockdown experiments using either (C) Scr. Control or siSORT1, as well as (D) treating cells with a sortilin degrader, MPEP (M; 1–1[2-(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenoxy)-ethyl-3-methylpiperidine; Lee, Almeida et al. 2014) confirmed sortilin antibody specificity in T47D. Representative images of three independent experiments. Scale bar represents 100 μm.
Synthetic RGB photometry of bright stars: definition of the standard photometric system and UCM library of spectrophotometric spectra
Creators: name: Cardiel, Nicolás
name: Zamorano, Jaime
name: Bará, Salvador
name: de Miguel, Alejandro Sánchez
name: Cabello, Cristina
name: Gallego, Jesús
name: García, Lucía
name: González, Rafael
name: Izquierdo, Jaime
name: Pascual, Sergio
name: Robles, José
name: Sánchez, Ainhoa
name: Tapia, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the use of RGB photometry has exploded in the last decades due to the advent of high-quality and inexpensive digital cameras equipped with Bayer-like color filter systems, there is surprisingly no catalogue of bright stars that can be used for calibration purposes. Since due to their excessive brightness, accurate enough spectrophotometric measurements of bright stars typically cannot be performed with modern large telescopes, we have employed historical 13-color medium-narrow-band photometric data, gathered with quite reliable photomultipliers, to fit the spectrum of 1346 bright stars using stellar atmosphere models. This not only constitutes a useful compilation of bright spectrophotometric standards well spread in the celestial sphere, the UCM library of spectrophotometric spectra, but allows the generation of a catalogue of reference RGB magnitudes, with typical random uncertainties $\sim 0.01$ mag. For that purpose, we have defined a new set of spectral sensitivity curves, computed as the median of 28 sets of empirical sensitivity curves from the literature, that can be used to establish a standard RGB photometric system. Conversions between RGB magnitudes computed with any of these sets of empirical RGB curves and those determined with the new standard photometric system are provided. Even though particular RGB measurements from single cameras are not expected to provide extremely accurate photometric data, the repeatability and multiplicity of observations will allow access to a large amount of exploitable data in many astronomical fields, such as the detailed monitoring of light pollution and its impact on the night sky brightness, or the study of meteors, solar system bodies, variable stars, and transient objects. In addition, the RGB magnitudes presented here make the sky an accessible and free laboratory for the calibration of the cameras themselves.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Charges and Mass Spectrum in the Pisano-Pleitez-Frampton 3-3-1 Gauge Model
Creators: name: Cotaescu, Ion I.
name: Palcu, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Pisano-Pleitez-Frampton 3-3-1 model is revisited here within the framework of the general method for solving gauge models with high symmetries. This exact algebraical approach - proposed several years ago by one of us - was designed to include a minimal Higgs mechanism that spontaneously breaks the gauge symmetry up to the universal $U(1)_{em}$ electromagnetic one and, consequently, to supply the mass spectrum and the couplings of the currents for all the particles in the model. We prove in this paper that this powerful tool, when is applied to the PPF 3-3-1 model, naturally recovers the whole Standard Model phenomenology and, in addition, predicts - since a proper parametrization is employed - viable results such as: (i) the exact expressions for the boson and fermion masses, (ii) the couplings of the charged and neutral currents and (iii) a plausible neutrino mass pattern. A generalized Weinberg transformation is implemented, while the mixing between the neutral bosons $Z$ and $Z^{\prime}$ is performed as a necessary step by the method itself. Some phenomenological consequences are also sketched, including the strange possibility that simultaneously $m(Z)=m(Z^{\prime})$ and $m(W)=m(V)$ hold.
description: 20 pages, 1 Table, no figures
Μελέτη απενεργοποίησης καταλυτών καταλυτικής πυρόλυσης λόγω εναπόθεσης βαρέων μετάλλων
Creators: name: Ψαρράς, Αντώνιος Χ.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2009
Subjects: Καταλύτες καταλυτικής πυρόλυσης
Απενεργοποίηση
Δηλητηριώδη (βαρέα) μέταλλα
Προσβασιμότητα
Οξύτητα
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst
Deactivation
Contaminant (heavy) metals
Accessibility
Acidity

description: Τόσο η παγκόσμια ενεργειακή κρίση, όσο και η μεγάλη αύξηση στη ζήτηση των ελαφριών προϊόντων διυλιστηρίου, όπως η βενζίνη και το ντίζελ, υποδεικνύουν την αναβάθμιση βαρέων κλασμάτων πετρελαίου προς ελαφρύτερα κλάσματα υψηλότερης αξίας μέσω της διεργασίας καταλυτικής πυρόλυσης (FCC: Fluid Catalytic Cracking). Ωστόσο η επεξεργασία τέτοιων τροφοδοσιών δημιουργεί λειτουργικά προβλήματα τόσο στη μονάδα όσο και στον χρησιμοποιούμενο καταλύτη FCC λόγω της αυξημένης συγκέντρωσης ετεροατόμων και δηλητηριωδών μετάλλων (Ni, V). Σε συνθήκες καταλυτικής πυρόλυσης Βαρέων Τροφοδοσιών (RFCC: Residuum Fluid Catalytic Cracking) σχεδόν 100% των δηλητηριωδών μετάλλων εναποτίθενται στον καταλύτη, ελαττώνοντας σημαντικά τη σταθερότητα, την ενεργότητα και την εκλεκτικότητα του. Λόγω της πολυπλοκότητας του μηχανισμού απενεργοποίησης, η πρόβλεψη της απόδοσης εμπορικών καταλυτών από μονάδες εργαστηριακής κλίμακας εξακολουθεί να παρουσιάζει μεγάλο ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον. Βασικό στόχο της παρούσας διατριβής αποτέλεσε η διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την απενεργοποίηση του καταλύτη FCC από τα δηλητηριώδη μέταλλα (Ni, V), ώστε να βελτιστοποιηθεί η προσομοιωτική ικανότητα των εργαστηριακών μεθόδων απενεργοποίησης
description: Taking into account both the worldwide energy crisis and the drastic increase in the demand for lighter hydrocarbon fractions such as gasoline and diesel, the refineries are forced to upgrade more and more of heavier or resid fractions into lighter products via catalytic cracking. However, the residual cracking poses numerous problems for the oil companies and the catalyst manufacturers. Theincreasing portion of large molecules containing hetero-atoms and metal contaminants in fractions of increasing boiling point mainly accounts for the difficulties in processing heavy oils. With the residuum fluid catalytic cracking (RFCC) operating conditions, almost 100% of these metals deposit on the catalyst surface, consequently decreasing catalyst’s stability, activity and selectivity, thus demanding new FCC catalyst technologies. Due to the complexity of the deactivation mechanisms, the prediction of the commercial FCC catalyst performance is one of the most important research activities in the oil refining industry. The main scope of the present study was to investigate the factors that affect the metal related deactivation of the FCC catalysts in order to optimize the simulation of the real deactivation by the laboratory deactivation methods
The role of local bond-order at crystallization in a simple supercooled liquid
Creators: name: Toxvaerd, Søren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large scale Molecular Dynamics simulations of sixty-five systems with N=80000 Lennard-Jones particles at two different supercooled liquid state points reveals, that the supercooled states contain spatially heterogeneous distributed subdomains of particles with significant higher bond-order than the mean bond-order in the supercooled liquid. The onset of crystallization starts in such an area with relative high six-ford bond-order for a supercooled state, but low bond-order for a fcc crystal. The critical nucleus of N \approx 70 particles is surrounded by many hundred of particles with relative high supercooled liquid bond-order and many of these particles are aligned with the crystal ordered particles in the critical nucleus. The crystallizations are very fast and supported by a fast growth of the supercooled areas with relative high liquid bond-order. The crystallization are to fcc crystals, but with significant part of the crystallizations exhibit five fold arrangements of polycrystalline subdomains mainly with fcc crystal order and sign of hcp crystallites.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
Relativistic effects on the observed AGN luminosity distribution
Creators: name: Liu, Yuan
name: Zhang, Shuang Nan
name: Zhang, Xiao Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently Zhang (2005) has proposed a model to account for the well established effect that the fraction of type-II AGNs is anti-correlated with the observed X-ray luminosity; the model consists of an X-ray emitting accretion disk coaligned to the dusty torus within the standard AGN unification model. In this paper the model is refined by including relativistic effects of the observed X-ray radiations from the vicinity of the supermassive black hole in an AGN. The relativistic corrections improve the combined fitting results of the observed luminosity distribution and the type-II AGN fraction, though the improvement is not significant. The type-II AGN fraction prefers non- or mildly spinning black hole cases and rules out the extremely spinning case.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
Additional file 4 of Tumor co-expression of progranulin and sortilin as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer
Creators: name: Berger, Karoline
name: Rhost, Sara
name: Svanheiður Rafnsdóttir
name: Éamon Hughes
name: Magnusson, Ylva
name: Ekholm, Maria
name: Stål, Olle
name: Rydén, Lisa
name: Landberg, Göran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4: GRN and SORT1 gene expression in various cell lines. (A) mRNA expression of progranulin (GRN) and sortilin (SORT1) were analyzed by qPCR. Primers used were as follows: 5′-CCAAAGATCAGGTAACAACTCCG-3′ (forward strand) and 5’CATCGACCATAACACAGCACG − 3′ (reverse strand) for GRN and 5′-ATGGGAAGAAATCCACAAAGCAG − 3′ (forward strand) and 5′-ATTCCAGAGCCCCAAGGTCAG-3′ (reverse strand) for SORT1 and 5′- GATGCGTGCCCAAGGAC − 3′ (forward strand) and 5′-CAGGTCTAAATCGGGGTGG-3′ (reverse strand) for gene ribosomal protein S26 (RPS26). The results were analyzed using GenEx Software (GenEx 7.0, MultiD Analysis AB) and normalized to those of the housekeeping gene RPS26 (reference gene). Result are shown as mean ±SEM from at least three independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated using one-way ANOVA adjusted for multiple comparison, where *P
Loss of acinar cell VMP1 triggers spontaneous pancreatitis in mice
Creators: name: Wang, Shaogui
name: Chao, Xiaojuan
name: Jiang, Xiaoxiao
name: Wang, Tiantian
name: Rodriguez, Yssa
name: Yang, Ling
name: Pacher, Pal
name: Ni, Hong-Min
name: Ding, Wen-Xing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Plant Biology

description: The pathogenesis of pancreatitis has been linked to disruption of organelle homeostasis including macroautophagy/autophagy dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the direct impact of aberrant organelle function on pancreatitis initiation and progression is largely unknown. Recently an ER membrane protein, VMP1 (vacuole membrane protein 1), has been reported to play a crucial role in autophagosome formation. Notably, we found that VMP1 is downregulated in both human chronic pancreatitis (CP) and experimental mouse acute pancreatitis (AP). Pancreatic acinar cell-specific vmp1 deletion promotes inflammation, acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, and fibrosis in mice, sharing histological similarities with human CP. Mechanistically, loss of pancreatic VMP1 leads to defective autophagic degradation and ER stress as well as activation of the NFE2L2/Nrf2 pathway. Genetic ablation of NFE2L2 attenuated pancreatitis in VMP1-deficient mice. Our data highlight the importance of VMP1 in modulating an integrated organelle stress response and its functional role in maintaining pancreas homeostasis in the context of CP. Abbreviations: AMY: amylase; ADM: acinar-to-ductal metaplasia; AP: acute pancreatitis; CASP3: caspase 3; CP: chronic pancreatitis; DDIT3/CHOP: DNA damage inducible transcript 3; DKO, double knockout; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GCLC: glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; GCLM: glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit; HSPA5/BIP: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5; KO: knockout; KRT19/CK19: keratin 19; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MPO: myeloperoxidase; NFE2L2/NRF2: nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2; ND: normal donor; NQO1: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; RIPA: radio-immunoprecipitation; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SOX9: SRY-box transcription factor 9; TAP: trypsinogen activation peptide; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; UB: ubiquitin; VMP1: vacuole membrane protein 1; XBP1: X-box binding protein 1; YAP1, Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator; ZG: zymogen granule.
Additional file 1 of Tumor co-expression of progranulin and sortilin as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer
Creators: name: Berger, Karoline
name: Rhost, Sara
name: Svanheiður Rafnsdóttir
name: Éamon Hughes
name: Magnusson, Ylva
name: Ekholm, Maria
name: Stål, Olle
name: Rydén, Lisa
name: Landberg, Göran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1:. REMARK guidelines. Checklist with REporting recommendations for tumor MARKer prognostic studies
Microvascular exchange in human tissue
Creators: name: Gates, Ian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: A transient, spatially distributed mathematical model is developed describing the exchange of materials (fluid and solute) across the capillary membrane into the interstitial space. The formulation includes a lymphatic sink which drains both fluid and solute from the tissue. This can be located anywhere within the tissue. The model is constructed in cylindrical coordinates and consist of the capillary lying along the z axis and the tissue envelope surrounding the capillary. The driving force for fluid motion is the fluid chemical potential. This is equal to the difference between the local fluid hydrostatic pressure and the local colloid osmotic pressure. Starling’s hypothesis governs fluid flow across the capillary wall. This states that the amount of fluid that crosses the capillary membrane is due to the transmembrane potential difference. The fact that solute may leak across the membrane promotes the use of a capillary membrane reflection coefficient. In the tissue, the fluid motion is found from a modified Darcy's law which makes use of the gradient in the fluid potential rather than the hydrostatic pressure. In addition, a tissue reflection coefficient is used. The study consists of an evaluation of the effect the physiological parameters have on the system. This is presented in the form of a sensitivity analysis for steady state results only. It is shown that the strength of the lymphatic sink is important in promoting fluid reabsorption back into the capillary and negative hydrostatic pressures (subatmospheric) throughout the tissue. Transient test are performed to evaluate the regulating mechanisms for capillary-tissue fluid balance. The capillary membrane, the colloid osmotic pressure, and the lymphatic sink are examined for their roles in maintaining fluid balance. It is found that the colloid osmotic pressure acts as a negative feedback signal regulating the cycle of solute concentrations and fluid hydrostatic pressures throughout the tissue. The lymphatic sink is important as it provides a mechanism for lowering tissue pressures and removing solute from the interstitial space, thus lowering the tissue colloid osmotic pressure. The trends indicated in the results compare well with results from Manning et al. (1983) and Taylor et al. (1973).
Design of a prototypical platform for autonomous and connected vehicles
Creators: name: Arrigoni, Stefano
name: Mentasti, Simone
name: Cheli, Federico
name: Matteucci, Matteo
name: Braghin, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Self-driving technology is expected to revolutionize different sectors and is seen as the natural evolution of road vehicles. In the last years, real-world validation of designed and virtually tested solutions is growing in importance since simulated environments will never fully replicate all the aspects that can affect results in the real world. To this end, this paper presents our prototype platform for experimental research on connected and autonomous driving projects. In detail, the paper presents the overall architecture of the vehicle focusing both on mechanical aspects related to remote actuation and sensors set-up and software aspects by means of a comprehensive description of the main algorithms required for autonomous driving as ego-localization, environment perception, motion planning, and actuation. Finally, experimental tests conducted in an urban-like environment are reported to validate and assess the performances of the overall system.
Collisional excitation of OH(6049 MHz) masers in supernova remnant - molecular cloud interactions
Creators: name: Wardle, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: OH (1720 MHz) masers serve as indicators of SNR - molecular cloud interaction sites. These masers are collisionally excited in warm (50-100K) shocked gas with densities of order 1e5 cm^-3 when the OH column density is in the range 1e16-1e17 cm^-2. Here I present excitation calculations which show that when the OH column density exceeds 1e17 cm^-2 at similar densities and temperatures, the inversion of the 1720 MHz line switches off and instead the 6049 MHz transition in the first excited rotational state of OH becomes inverted. This line may serve as a complementary signal of warm, shocked gas when the OH column density is large.
description: 2 pages, 2 figs, iaus.cls. To appear in IAU 242, Astrophysical Masers and Their Environments, eds. J. Chapman & W. Baan. Addition of two references and minor changes to wording
Soliton Solutions of the Toda Hierarchy on Quasi-Periodic Backgrounds Revisited
Creators: name: Egorova, Iryna
name: Michor, Johanna
name: Teschl, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate soliton solutions of the Toda hierarchy on a quasi-periodic finite-gap background by means of the double commutation method and the inverse scattering transform. In particular, we compute the phase shift caused by a soliton on a quasi-periodic finite-gap background. Furthermore, we consider short range perturbations via scattering theory. We give a full description of the effect of the double commutation method on the scattering data and establish the inverse scattering transform in this setting.
description: 16 pages
Constraining the environment of GRB 990712 through emission line fluxes
Creators: name: Yoldas, Aybuke Kupcu
name: Greiner, Jochen
name: Perna, Rosalba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy output in the gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission and afterglow phase is expected to photoionize the surrounding medium out to large radii. Cooling of this gas produces line emission, particularly strong in the optical, whose variability is a strong diagnostics of the gas density and geometry in the close environment of the burst. We present the results of a spectral time series analysis of the host galaxy of GRB 990712 observed up to ~6 years after the burst. We analyze the emission line fluxes together with those of the previous observations of the same GRB, in search for photoionization signatures. We find that the emission line fluxes show no variation within the uncertainities up to 6 years after the burst, and we use the measured line intensities to set a limit on the density of the gas within a few parsecs of the burst location. This is the first time that emission from cooling GRB remnants is probed on years time scales.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Redshift drift as a model independent probe of dark energy
Creators: name: Heinesen, Asta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that positive values of redshift drift is a signature of dark energy within the conventionally studied Friedmann-Lema\^ıtre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe models. Here we show -- without making assumptions on the metric tensor of the Universe -- that redshift drift is a promising direct probe of violation of the strong energy condition within the theory of general relativity.
description: 5 pages
The missing metals problem. III How many metals are expelled from galaxies?
Creators: name: Bouche, Nicolas
name: Lehnert, Matthew D.
name: Aguirre, Anthony
name: Peroux, Celine
name: Bergeron, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] We revisit the metal budget at z~2. In the first two papers of this series, we already showed that ~30% (to <60% if extrapolating the LF) of the metals are observed in all z~2.5 galaxies detected in current surveys. Here, we extend our analysis to the metals outside galaxies, i.e. in intergalactic medium (IGM), using observational data and analytical calculations. Our results for the two are strikingly similar: (1) Observationally, we find that, besides the small (5%) contribution of DLAs, the forest and sub-DLAs contribute subtantially to make <30--45% of the metal budget, but neither of these appear to be sufficient to close the metal budget. The forest accounts for 15--30% depending on the UV background, and sub-DLAs for >2% to <17% depending on the ionization fraction. Together, the `missing metals' problem is substantially eased. (2) We perform analytical calculations based on the effective yield--mass relation. At z=2, we find that the method predicts that 2$--50% of the metals have been ejected from galaxies into the IGM, consistent with the observations. The metal ejection is predominantly by L<1/3L_B^*(z=2) galaxies, which are responsible for 90% the metal enrichment, while the 50 percentile is at L~1/10L^*_B(z=2). As a consequence, if indeed 50% of the metals have been ejected from galaxies, 3--5 bursts of star formation are required per galaxy prior to z=2. The ratio between the mass of metals outside galaxies to those in stars has changed from z=2 to z=0: it was 2:1 or 1:1 and is now 1:8 or 1:9. This evolution implies that a significant fraction of the IGM metals will cool and fall back into galaxies.
description: 18pages, MNRAS, in press; small changes to match proofs; extended version with summary table
Managing smartphone crowdsensing campaigns through the Organicity smart city platform
Creators: name: Amaxilatis, Dimitrios
name: Lagoudianakis, Evangelos
name: Mylonas, Georgios
name: Theodoridis, Evangelos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We briefly present the design and architecture of a system that aims to simplify the process of organizing, executing and administering crowdsensing campaigns in a smart city context over smartphones volunteered by citizens. We built our system on top of an Android app substrate on the end-user level, which enables us to utilize smartphone resources. Our system allows researchers and other developers to manage and distribute their "mini" smart city applications, gather data and publish their results through the Organicity smart city platform. We believe this is the first time such a tool is paired with a large scale IoT infrastructure, to enable truly city-scale IoT and smart city experimentation.
description: Preprint submitted to UbiComp/ISWC '16 Adjunct, September 12-16, 2016, Heidelberg, Germany
Additional file 6 of Tumor co-expression of progranulin and sortilin as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer
Creators: name: Berger, Karoline
name: Rhost, Sara
name: Svanheiður Rafnsdóttir
name: Éamon Hughes
name: Magnusson, Ylva
name: Ekholm, Maria
name: Stål, Olle
name: Rydén, Lisa
name: Landberg, Göran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6. Sortilin tumor expression on its own shows no difference in survival. Kaplan-Meier curves illustrating breast cancer-specific survival according to high or low sortilin expression.
ДАҒАЛ ЖУН ТОЛАЛАРИ АСОСИДА ОЛИНГАН (АВТОМОБИЛ, АВИЯТСИЯ, КЕМАСОЗЛИК) САНОАТИ УЧУН ҚЎЛЛАНИЛГАН НОТЎҚИМА МАТО ТАЙЁРЛАШ
Creators: name: Тошбеков, Одил
name: Рахимқулова, Сарвинос
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Тўқимачилик саноатида ишлаб чиқариладиган матоларнинг турлари жуда кўп бўлиб, тўқимачилик технологияси- нотўқима матолар ишлаб чиқариш ва саноатда фойдаланиш кўлами ортиб бормоқда. Нотўқима маҳсулотлар ишлаб чиқариш тўқимачилик, автомобил, авиятсия, кемасозлик саноатида қўлланиши саноатининг нисбатан янги соҳаси ҳисобланиб, бу турдаги маҳсулотлар арзонлиги, сифатининг ўзига хослиги, ишлаб чиқариш усулларининг хилма хиллиги билан ажралиб туради.
An O(n^3)-Time Algorithm for Tree Edit Distance
Creators: name: Demaine, Erik D.
name: Mozes, Shay
name: Rossman, Benjamin
name: Weimann, Oren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The {\em edit distance} between two ordered trees with vertex labels is the minimum cost of transforming one tree into the other by a sequence of elementary operations consisting of deleting and relabeling existing nodes, as well as inserting new nodes. In this paper, we present a worst-case $O(n^3)$-time algorithm for this problem, improving the previous best $O(n^3\log n)$-time algorithm~\cite{Klein}. Our result requires a novel adaptive strategy for deciding how a dynamic program divides into subproblems (which is interesting in its own right), together with a deeper understanding of the previous algorithms for the problem. We also prove the optimality of our algorithm among the family of \emph{decomposition strategy} algorithms--which also includes the previous fastest algorithms--by tightening the known lower bound of $Ω(n^2\log^2 n)$~\cite{Touzet} to $Ω(n^3)$, matching our algorithm's running time. Furthermore, we obtain matching upper and lower bounds of $Θ(n m^2 (1 + \log \frac{n}{m}))$ when the two trees have different sizes $m$ and~$n$, where $m < n$.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 5 .tex files where TED.tex is the main one
A volume-weighted measure for eternal inflation
Creators: name: Winitzki, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I propose a new volume-weighted probability measure for cosmological "multiverse" scenarios involving eternal inflation. The "reheating-volume (RV) cutoff" calculates the distribution of observable quantities on a portion of the reheating hypersurface that is conditioned to be finite. The RV measure is gauge-invariant, does not suffer from the "youngness paradox," and is independent of initial conditions at the beginning of inflation. In slow-roll inflationary models with a scalar inflaton, the RV-regulated probability distributions can be obtained by solving nonlinear diffusion equations. I discuss possible applications of the new measure to "landscape" scenarios with bubble nucleation. As an illustration, I compute the predictions of the RV measure in a simple toy landscape.
description: Version accepted for publication in Phys.Rev
Turbulence modulations and drag reduction by inertialess spheroids in turbulent channel flow
Creators: name: Wang, Ze
name: Xu, Chun-Xiao
name: Zhao, Lihao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies on nonspherical particle-fluid interaction were mostly confined to elongated fiber-like particles, which were observed to induce turbulence drag reduction. However, with the presence of tiny disk-like particles how wall turbulence is modulated and whether drag reduction occurs are still unknown. Motivated by those open questions, we performed two-way coupled direct numerical simulations of inertialess spheroids in turbulent channel flow by an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The additional stress accounts for the feedback from inertialess spheroids on the fluid phase. The results demonstrate that both rigid elongated fibers (prolate spheroids) and thin disks (oblate spheroids) can lead to significant turbulence modulations and drag reduction. However, the disk-induced drag reduction is less pronounced than that of rigid fibers with the same volume fraction. Typical features of drag-reduced flows by additives are observed in both flow statistics and turbulence coherent structures. Moreover, in contrast to one-way simulations, the two-way coupled results of spheroidal particles exhibit stronger preferential alignments and lower rotation rates. At the end we propose a drag reduction mechanism by inertialess spheroids and explain the different performance for drag reduction by fibers and disks. We find that the spheroidal particles weaken the quasistreamwise vortices through negative work and, therefore, the Reynolds shear stress is reduced. However, the mean shear stress generated by particles, which is shape-dependent, partly compensates for the reduction of Reynolds shear stress and thus affects the efficiency of drag reduction. The present study implies that tiny disk-like particles can be an alternative drag reduction agent in wall turbulence.
Unitary Fermi Gas in a Harmonic Trap
Creators: name: Chang, S. Y.
name: Bertsch, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an {\it ab initio} calculation of small numbers of trapped, strongly interacting fermions using the Green's Function Monte Carlo method (GFMC). The ground state energy, density profile and pairing gap are calculated for particle numbers $N = 2 \sim 22$ using the parameter-free "unitary" interaction. Trial wave functions are taken of the form of correlated pairs in a harmonic oscillator basis. We find that the lowest energies are obtained with a minimum explicit pair correlation beyond that needed to exploit the degeneracy of oscillator states. We find that energies can be well fitted by the expression $a_{TF} E_{TF} + Δ{\rm mod}(N,2)$ where $E_{TF}$ is the Thomas-Fermi energy of a noninteracting gas in the trap and $Δ$ is a pairing gap. There is no evidence of a shell correction energy in the systematics, but the density distributions show pronounced shell effects. We find the value $Δ= 0.7\pm 0.2ω$ for the pairing gap. This is smaller than the value found for the uniform gas at a density corresponding to the central density of the trapped gas.
description: 2 figures, 2 tables
Blow-up phenomena for the Liouville equation with a singular source of integer multiplicity
Creators: name: D'Aprile, Teresa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J20, 35J57, 35J61

description: We are concerned with the existence of blowing-up solutions to the following boundary value problem $$-Δu= \la a(x) e^u-4πN δ_0\;\hbox{ in } Ω,\quad u=0 \;\hbox{ on }\partial Ω,$$ where $Ω$ is a smooth and bounded domain in $\R^2$ such that $0\inΩ$, $a(x)$ is a positive smooth function, $N$ is a positive integer and $\la>0$ is a small parameter. Here $δ_0$ defines the Dirac measure with pole at $0$. We find conditions on the function $a$ and on the domain $Ω$ under which there exists a solution $u_\la$ blowing up at $0$ and satisfying $\la\into a(x)e^{u_\la} \to 8π(N+1)$ as $\la\to 0^+$.
Circumstellar Emission from Type Ib and Ic Supernovae
Creators: name: Chevalier, Roger A.
name: Fransson, Claes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presumed Wolf-Rayet star progenitors of Type Ib/c supernovae have fast, low density winds and the shock waves generated by the supernova interaction with the wind are not expected to be radiative at typical times of observation. The injected energy spectrum of radio emitting electrons typically has an observed index p=3, which is suggestive of acceleration in cosmic ray dominated shocks. The early, absorbed part of the radio light curves can be attributed to synchrotron self-absorption, which leads to constraints on the magnetic field in the emitting region and on the circumstellar density. The range of circumstellar densities inferred from the radio emission is somewhat broader than that for Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars, if similar efficiencies of synchrotron emission are assumed in the extragalactic supernovae. For the observed and expected ranges of circumstellar densities to roughly overlap, a high efficiency of magnetic field production in the shocked region is required (epsilon_B ~ 0.1). For the expected densities around a Wolf-Rayet star, a nonthermal mechanism is generally required to explain the observed X-ray luminosities of Type Ib/c supernovae. Although the inverse Compton mechanism can explain the observed X-ray emission from SN 2002ap if the wind parameters are taken from the radio model, the mechanism is not promising for other supernovae unless the postshock magnetic energy density is much smaller than the electron energy density. In some cases another mechanism is definitely needed and we suggest that it is X-ray synchrotron emission in a case where the shock wave is cosmic ray dominated so that the electron energy spectrum flattens at high energy. More comprehensive X-ray observations of a Type Ib/c supernova are needed to determine whether this suggestion is correct.
description: 31 pages, 2 figures, ApJ, accepted, corrected typo
Limb polarization of Uranus and Neptune. II Spectropolarimetric observations
Creators: name: Joos, F.
name: Schmid, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have detected a strong limb polarization for Uranus and Neptune. With spectropolarimetric observations we characterize the spectral dependence of this limb polarization and explore the diagnostic potential for investigating the distribution and properties of the scattering particles. We present disk resolved spectropolarimetry of Uranus and Neptune covering the wavelength range from 530nm to 930nm and compare the spectropolarimetric signal for different limb sections and the center of the planetary disk. As an additional benefit we obtained center-to-limb disk profiles for the intensity and polarization for various wavelengths.
description: Accepted by A&A 24.11.2006
Kinematics of AGN and Quasar Jets
Creators: name: Kellermann, K. I.
name: Lister, M. L.
name: Homan, D. C.
name: Kovalev, Y. Y.
name: Kadler, M.
name: Cohen, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The major multi-epoch VLBA programs are described and discussed in terms of relativistic beaming models. Broadly speaking the observed kinematics are consistent with models having a parent population which is only mildly relativistic but with Lorentz factors extending up to about 30. While the collimation and acceleration appears to mainly occur close to the central engine, there is evidence of accelerations up to 1 kpc downstream. Generally the motion appears to be linear, but in some sources the motion follows a curved trajectory. In other sources, successive features appear to be ejected in different directions possibly the result of a precessing nozzle. The launch of GLAST in 2008 will offer new opportunities to study the relation between radio and gamma-ray activity, and possibly to locate the source of the gamma-ray emission. VSOP-2 will give enhanced resolution and will facilitate the study of the two-dimensional structure of relativistic jets, while RadioAstron will provide unprecedented resolution to study the fine scale structure of the jet base.
description: 6 pages; to be published in ASP Conf. Ser. 'Approaching Micro-Arcsecond Resolution with VSOP-2: Astrophysics and Technology', eds. Y. Hagiwara, E. Fomalont, M. Tsuboi, and Y. Murata
Η επίπτωση των υψηλών δόσεων μεθοτρεξάτης στη νεφρική λειτουργία παιδιών με οξεία λεμφοβλαστική λευχαιμία
Creators: name: Θεοδωρίδου, Αγγελική Π.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2009
Subjects: Μεθοτρεξάτη
Υψηλές δόσης μεθοτρεξάτης
Νεφροτοξικότητα
Σπειραματική δυσλειτουργία
Σωληναριακή δυσλειτουργία
Οξεία λεμφοβλαστική λευχαιμία

description: Σκοπός της μελέτης ήταν να καταγραφεί η συχνότητα και βαρύτητα της νεφροτοξικής δράσης της μεθοτρεξάτης σε παιδιά με οξεία λεμφοβλαστική λευχαιμία (ΟΛΛ) και να διευκρινισθεί η συμμετοχή της σπειραματικής και σωληναριακής νεφρικής βλάβης. Σε 38 ασθενείς με ΟΛΛ προσδιορίσθηκαν η γλυκόζη, η ουρία, η κρεατινίνη, το Κ, το Να, το Ca, ο P και το Mg στον ορό, η β2-MG, η TRP, ο GFR, η πρωτεϊνη, το pH, η α1-MG και το NAG στα ούρα και τα επίπεδα του φαρμάκου στον ορό στις 24, 42 και 48 ώρες (κατά τη διάγνωση, πριν τις συνεδρίες και μετά από 4 συνεδρίες μεθοτρεξάτης και 6 μήνες μετά τη διάγνωση). Οι ίδιες παράμετροι προσδιορίσθηκαν και σε 40 υγιείς μάρτυρες. Νεφροτοξικότητα 2ου βαθμού παρατηρήθηκε σε ποσοστό 0,66% των ασθενών ενώ νεφροτοξική βλάβη απειλητική για τη ζωή δε σημειώθηκε. Στη νεφρική δυσλειτουργία συμμετέχουν τόσο σπειραματικές όσο και σωληναριακές παράμετροι, με προεξάρχουσες τις πρώτες. Η τήρηση της ενυδάτωσης, της αλκαλοποίησης των ούρων και η συστηματική παρακολούθηση αποτρέπουν την εκδήλωση νεφροτοξικότητας.
description: MTX is a folic acid antimetabolite which is used for decades as an antineoplastic agent. The induction of high dose MTX in many chemotherapeutic protocols of children with ALL has been associated with an important reduction in CNS relapses and an increase of overall survival in those patients. One of the most important side effects of HDMTX is nephrotoxicity, which may be severe or even life-threatening. Tubular obstruction by crystal deposits of MTX and its main metabolite, 7-OH-MTX, is assumed to be the significant mechanism of serious MTX excretion disturbance. Additionally, a disturbance in preglomerular vascular resistance, direct damage to the glomeruli or direct tubular toxicity are considered further nephrotoxic mechanisms. In recent literature, we mainly find only case reports of renal impairment due to HDMTX and there is a lack of many prospective studies related to the incidence of nephrotoxicity of HDMTX in children with ALL. Aim of the present study was to report the incidence and severity of renal dysfunction in children with ALL and to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms of glomerular and tubular renal dysfunction
Fluorescein, acrylodan and pyrene conjugates of horse plasma gelsolin : responses to calcium, actin and tropomyosin
Creators: name: Koepf, Edward Kurt
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: Gelsolin, a protein involved in the regulation of actin filament length, was isolated from horse plasma and modified with the amine-selective reagent fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC). The extent of FITC incorporation per gelsolin molecule was 4.8 ± 0.6, based upon 4 labelling trials. FITC-gelsolin analysed by SDS-PAGE revealed a single fluorescent band under UV light prior to staining, and then a single Coomassie Blue stained band. Viscosity studies showed that gelsolin’s F-actin severing activity was not impaired upon reaction with FITC, but incorporation of the fluorophores did increase the the temperature at which the onset of irreversible precipitation occurred. Under physiological ionic conditions, fluorescence studies failed to detect a C2a effect on FITC-gelsolin’s spectroscopic characteristics, but in low ionic strength solutions, C2a increased the fluorescence intensity by approximately 25%. A calcium effect was also evident in bimolecular fluorescence quenching studies with KI, which showed that C2a rendered the fluorescence more susceptible to quenching. Subsequent protein denaturation with guanidine-HC1 resulted in further exposure of the fluorescein chromophores to iodide in solvent. An investigation of reactivity with the thiol selective reagents acrylodan (ACR) and pyrene iodoacetamide (HA) revealed that native gelsolin exposes 1 to 2 cysteine groups for reaction. Under denaturing conditions, the extent of reaction increased to approximately 3 with ACR and 4 with PTA. In comparison, the average number of thiol groups available for reaction with 5,5’-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) was approximately 1, and 3 to 4 in native and denaturing conditions, respectively. Actin-gelsolin complexation was revealed by fluorescence titrations and fluorescence polarization measurements. Addition of actin to FITC-labelled gelsolin increased the fluorescence intensity of the sample in a Ca2 specific manner, while binding of actin to ACR-gelsolin resulted in a fluorescence decrease. Fluorescence polarization values increased on addition of actin to both FITC- and ACR-labelled gelsolin solutions only in the presence of Ca2, establishing the calcium requirement for actin binding. Tropomyosin binding to gelsolin was evident from an increase in the fluorescence intensity of FITC-labelled gelsolin, and from retention of labelled gelsolins on a tropomyosin-agarose affinity column. Quantitative assessment of a direct titration of FI’l’C-labelled gelsolin with tropomyosin yielded two independent tropomyosin binding sites on gelsolin, with a dissociation constant of approximately 0.6 IIM. Both of these effects required the presence of micromolar Ca2. Photoactivation of solutions of benzophenone-4-isothiocyanate labelled gelsolin and tropomyosin resulted in the appearance of high molecular weight bands on SDS-PAGE, indicative of intermolecular crosslinking.