Mass Testing and Characterization of 20-inch PMTs for JUNO
Creators: name: Abusleme, Angel
name: Adam, Thomas
name: Ahmad, Shakeel
name: Ahmed, Rizwan
name: Aiello, Sebastiano
name: Akram, Muhammad
name: Aleem, Abid
name: Alexandros, Tsagkarakis
name: An, Fengpeng
name: An, Qi
name: Andronico, Giuseppe
name: Anfimov, Nikolay
name: Antonelli, Vito
name: Antoshkina, Tatiana
name: Asavapibhop, Burin
name: de Andre, Joao Pedro Athayde Marcondes
name: Auguste, Didier
name: Bai, Weidong
name: Balashov, Nikita
name: Baldini, Wander
name: Barresi, Andrea
name: Basilico, Davide
name: Baussan, Eric
name: Bellato, Marco
name: Bergnoli, Antonio
name: Birkenfeld, Thilo
name: Blin, Sylvie
name: Blum, David
name: Blyth, Simon
name: Bolshakova, Anastasia
name: Bongrand, Mathieu
name: Bordereau, Clement
name: Breton, Dominique
name: Brigatti, Augusto
name: Brugnera, Riccardo
name: Bruno, Riccardo
name: Budano, Antonio
name: Busto, Jose
name: Butorov, Ilya
name: Cabrera, Anatael
name: Caccianiga, Barbara
name: Cai, Hao
name: Cai, Xiao
name: Cai, Yanke
name: Cai, Zhiyan
name: Callegari, Riccardo
name: Cammi, Antonio
name: Campeny, Agustin
name: Cao, Chuanya
name: Cao, Guofu
name: Cao, Jun
name: Caruso, Rossella
name: Cerna, Cedric
name: Chan, Chi
name: Chang, Jinfan
name: Chang, Yun
name: Chen, Guoming
name: Chen, Pingping
name: Chen, Po-An
name: Chen, Shaomin
name: Chen, Xurong
name: Chen, Yixue
name: Chen, Yu
name: Chen, Zhiyuan
name: Chen, Zikang
name: Cheng, Jie
name: Cheng, Yaping
name: Cheng, Yu Chin
name: Chetverikov, Alexey
name: Chiesa, Davide
name: Chimenti, Pietro
name: Chukanov, Artem
name: Claverie, Gerard
name: Clementi, Catia
name: Clerbaux, Barbara
name: Molla, Marta Colomer
name: Di Lorenzo, Selma Conforti
name: Corti, Daniele
name: Corso, Flavio Dal
name: Dalager, Olivia
name: De La Taille, Christophe
name: Deng, Zhi
name: Deng, Ziyan
name: Depnering, Wilfried
name: Diaz, Marco
name: Ding, Xuefeng
name: Ding, Yayun
name: Dirgantara, Bayu
name: Dmitrievsky, Sergey
name: Dohnal, Tadeas
name: Dolzhikov, Dmitry
name: Donchenko, Georgy
name: Dong, Jianmeng
name: Doroshkevich, Evgeny
name: Dracos, Marcos
name: Druillole, Frederic
name: Du, Ran
name: Du, Shuxian
name: Dusini, Stefano
name: Dvorak, Martin
name: Enqvist, Timo
name: Enzmann, Heike
name: Fabbri, Andrea
name: Fan, Donghua
name: Fan, Lei
name: Fang, Jian
name: Fang, Wenxing
name: Fargetta, Marco
name: Fedoseev, Dmitry
name: Fei, Zhengyong
name: Feng, Li-Cheng
name: Feng, Qichun
name: Ford, Richard
name: Fournier, Amelie
name: Gan, Haonan
name: Gao, Feng
name: Garfagnini, Alberto
name: Gavrikov, Arsenii
name: Giammarchi, Marco
name: Giudice, Nunzio
name: Gonchar, Maxim
name: Gong, Guanghua
name: Gong, Hui
name: Gornushkin, Yuri
name: Gottel, Alexandre
name: Grassi, Marco
name: Gromov, Vasily
name: Gu, Minghao
name: Gu, Xiaofei
name: Gu, Yu
name: Guan, Mengyun
name: Guan, Yuduo
name: Guardone, Nunzio
name: Guo, Cong
name: Guo, Jingyuan
name: Guo, Wanlei
name: Guo, Xinheng
name: Guo, Yuhang
name: Hackspacher, Paul
name: Hagner, Caren
name: Han, Ran
name: Han, Yang
name: He, Miao
name: He, Wei
name: Heinz, Tobias
name: Hellmuth, Patrick
name: Heng, Yuekun
name: Herrera, Rafael
name: Hor, YuenKeung
name: Hou, Shaojing
name: Hsiung, Yee
name: Hu, Bei-Zhen
name: Hu, Hang
name: Hu, Jianrun
name: Hu, Jun
name: Hu, Shouyang
name: Hu, Tao
name: Hu, Yuxiang
name: Hu, Zhuojun
name: Huang, Guihong
name: Huang, Hanxiong
name: Huang, Kaixuan
name: Huang, Wenhao
name: Huang, Xin
name: Huang, Xingtao
name: Huang, Yongbo
name: Hui, Jiaqi
name: Huo, Lei
name: Huo, Wenju
name: Huss, Cedric
name: Hussain, Safeer
name: Ioannisian, Ara
name: Isocrate, Roberto
name: Jelmini, Beatrice
name: Jeria, Ignacio
name: Ji, Xiaolu
name: Jia, Huihui
name: Jia, Junji
name: Jian, Siyu
name: Jiang, Di
name: Jiang, Wei
name: Jiang, Xiaoshan
name: Jing, Xiaoping
name: Jollet, Cecile
name: Joutsenvaara, Jari
name: Kalousis, Leonidas
name: Kampmann, Philipp
name: Kang, Li
name: Karaparambil, Rebin
name: Kazarian, Narine
name: Khatun, Amina
name: Khosonthongkee, Khanchai
name: Korablev, Denis
name: Kouzakov, Konstantin
name: Krasnoperov, Alexey
name: Kutovskiy, Nikolay
name: Kuusiniemi, Pasi
name: Lachenmaier, Tobias
name: Landini, Cecilia
name: Leblanc, Sebastien
name: Lebrin, Victor
name: Lefevre, Frederic
name: Lei, Ruiting
name: Leitner, Rupert
name: Leung, Jason
name: Li, Daozheng
name: Li, Demin
name: Li, Fei
name: Li, Fule
name: Li, Gaosong
name: Li, Huiling
name: Li, Mengzhao
name: Li, Min
name: Li, Nan
name: Li, Nan
name: Li, Qingjiang
name: Li, Ruhui
name: Li, Rui
name: Li, Shanfeng
name: Li, Tao
name: Li, Teng
name: Li, Weidong
name: Li, Weiguo
name: Li, Xiaomei
name: Li, Xiaonan
name: Li, Xinglong
name: Li, Yi
name: Li, Yichen
name: Li, Yufeng
name: Li, Zepeng
name: Li, Zhaohan
name: Li, Zhibing
name: Li, Ziyuan
name: Li, Zonghai
name: Liang, Hao
name: Liang, Hao
name: Liao, Jiajun
name: Limphirat, Ayut
name: Lin, Guey-Lin
name: Lin, Shengxin
name: Lin, Tao
name: Ling, Jiajie
name: Lippi, Ivano
name: Liu, Fang
name: Liu, Haidong
name: Liu, Haotian
name: Liu, Hongbang
name: Liu, Hongjuan
name: Liu, Hongtao
name: Liu, Hui
name: Liu, Jianglai
name: Liu, Jinchang
name: Liu, Min
name: Liu, Qian
name: Liu, Qin
name: Liu, Runxuan
name: Liu, Shubin
name: Liu, Shulin
name: Liu, Xiaowei
name: Liu, Xiwen
name: Liu, Yan
name: Liu, Yunzhe
name: Lokhov, Alexey
name: Lombardi, Paolo
name: Lombardo, Claudio
name: Loo, Kai
name: Lu, Chuan
name: Lu, Haoqi
name: Lu, Jingbin
name: Lu, Junguang
name: Lu, Shuxiang
name: Lubsandorzhiev, Bayarto
name: Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim
name: Ludhova, Livia
name: Lukanov, Arslan
name: Luo, Daibin
name: Luo, Fengjiao
name: Luo, Guang
name: Luo, Shu
name: Luo, Wuming
name: Luo, Xiaojie
name: Lyashuk, Vladimir
name: Ma, Bangzheng
name: Ma, Bing
name: Ma, Qiumei
name: Ma, Si
name: Ma, Xiaoyan
name: Ma, Xubo
name: Maalmi, Jihane
name: Mai, Jingyu
name: Malyshkin, Yury
name: Mandujano, Roberto Carlos
name: Mantovani, Fabio
name: Manzali, Francesco
name: Mao, Xin
name: Mao, Yajun
name: Mari, Stefano M.
name: Marini, Filippo
name: Martellini, Cristina
name: Chassard, Gisele Martin-
name: Martini, Agnese
name: Mayer, Matthias
name: Mayilyan, Davit
name: Mednieks, Ints
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name: Meroni, Emanuela
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name: Mezzetto, Mauro
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name: Miramonti, Lino
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name: Naumov, Dmitry V.
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name: Thi, Minh Thuan Nguyen
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name: Rico, Luis Felipe Pineres
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name: Wang, Meifen
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name: Wang, Meng
name: Wang, Ruiguang
name: Wang, Siguang
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name: Wang, Wei
name: Wang, Wenshuai
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name: Wang, Xiangyue
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name: Wang, Yaoguang
name: Wang, Yi
name: Wang, Yi
name: Wang, Yifang
name: Wang, Yuanqing
name: Wang, Yuman
name: Wang, Zhe
name: Wang, Zheng
name: Wang, Zhimin
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name: Watcharangkool, Apimook
name: Wei, Wei
name: Wei, Wei
name: Wei, Wenlu
name: Wei, Yadong
name: Wen, Kaile
name: Wen, Liangjian
name: Wiebusch, Christopher
name: Wong, Steven Chan-Fai
name: Wonsak, Bjoern
name: Wu, Diru
name: Wu, Qun
name: Wu, Zhi
name: Wurm, Michael
name: Wurtz, Jacques
name: Wysotzki, Christian
name: Xi, Yufei
name: Xia, Dongmei
name: Xiao, Xiang
name: Xie, Xiaochuan
name: Xie, Yuguang
name: Xie, Zhangquan
name: Xin, Zhao
name: Xing, Zhizhong
name: Xu, Benda
name: Xu, Cheng
name: Xu, Donglian
name: Xu, Fanrong
name: Xu, Hangkun
name: Xu, Jilei
name: Xu, Jing
name: Xu, Meihang
name: Xu, Yin
name: Xu, Yu
name: Yan, Baojun
name: Yan, Taylor
name: Yan, Wenqi
name: Yan, Xiongbo
name: Yan, Yupeng
name: Yang, Changgen
name: Yang, Chengfeng
name: Yang, Huan
name: Yang, Jie
name: Yang, Lei
name: Yang, Xiaoyu
name: Yang, Yifan
name: Yang, Yifan
name: Yao, Haifeng
name: Ye, Jiaxuan
name: Ye, Mei
name: Ye, Ziping
name: Yermia, Frederic
name: Yin, Na
name: You, Zhengyun
name: Yu, Boxiang
name: Yu, Chiye
name: Yu, Chunxu
name: Yu, Hongzhao
name: Yu, Miao
name: Yu, Xianghui
name: Yu, Zeyuan
name: Yu, Zezhong
name: Yuan, Cenxi
name: Yuan, Chengzhuo
name: Yuan, Ying
name: Yuan, Zhenxiong
name: Yue, Baobiao
name: Zafar, Noman
name: Zavadskyi, Vitalii
name: Zeng, Shan
name: Zeng, Tingxuan
name: Zeng, Yuda
name: Zhan, Liang
name: Zhang, Aiqiang
name: Zhang, Bin
name: Zhang, Binting
name: Zhang, Feiyang
name: Zhang, Guoqing
name: Zhang, Honghao
name: Zhang, Jialiang
name: Zhang, Jiawen
name: Zhang, Jie
name: Zhang, Jin
name: Zhang, Jingbo
name: Zhang, Jinnan
name: Zhang, Mohan
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Zhang, Qingmin
name: Zhang, Shiqi
name: Zha, Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3 % at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a certain quality and thus have to be fully characterized. More than 20,000 20-inch PMTs have been received and assessed by JUNO after a detailed testing program which began in 2017 and elapsed for about four years. Based on this mass characterization and a set of specific requirements, a good quality of all accepted PMTs could be ascertained. This paper presents the performed testing procedure with the designed testing systems as well as the statistical characteristics of all 20-inch PMTs intended to be used in the JUNO experiment, covering more than fifteen performance parameters including the photocathode uniformity. This constitutes the largest sample of 20-inch PMTs ever produced and studied in detail to date, i.e. 15,000 of the newly developed 20-inch MCP-PMTs from Northern Night Vision Technology Co. (NNVT) and 5,000 of dynode PMTs from Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.(HPK).