Gomphostemma parpiflorum Wall. ex 3 enth.
Creators: name: Bongcheewin, Bhanubong
name: Ingrouille, Martin J.
name: Paton, Alan J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Lamiaceae
Gomphostemma
Gomphostemma parpiflorum

description: <b> 8. Gomphostemma parpiflorum <i>Wall. ex 3enth.</i></b> (Bentham in Wallich 1830b: 12); Hooker (1883: 695); Prain (1891: 232); Mukercee (1920: 208); Keng (1969: 83, 1958: 321); Murata (1956: 190); Li &amp; Hedge (1992: 52); Phuong (2000: 102); Walsingham (2019: 203). Type: India, Sillet [Sylhet, 22.8833°, 91.83°], <i>de Siloa</i> s.n. in <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2138 (lectotype K [K000826320], selected here]. <i>Gomphostemma multiflorum</i> Benth. (Bentham 1828: 332). Type: India, Sillet, <i>Wall. Cat.</i> s.n. (holotype K [K000826321]). <i>Gomphostemma dichotomum</i> Zoll. &amp; Moritzi (Zollinger &amp; Moritzi 1826: 32). Type: Indonesia, Java, <i>Zollinger</i> 2028 (holotype P [P00686222]; isotypes A n.v., BM 2 sheets, G [G00189002, G00188982], P [P0068230]). <i>Gomphostemma bartlettii</i> Merr. (Merrill 1932b: 191). Type: Indonesia, Sumatra, Tapianoeli, between Panapparan and Pagar Batoe, Habinsaran, 15 May 1925, <i>3artlett</i> 5933 (holotype NY; isotypes L, US). <i>Gomphostemma paroiflorum</i> var. <i>farinosa</i> Prain (1891: 233). Type: India, Assam, Goalpara [26.15°, 90.62°], 22 July 1808, <i>Hamilton</i> s.n. in <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2138? [‘ a’] (lectotype CAL [CAL0000005133], selected here; isolectotype K-W [K001113326]). <i>Gomphostemma salarkhaniana</i> Khanam &amp; M.A.Hassan (2003: 63). Type: Bangladesh, Sylhet, Tamabil, 13 Oct. 1953, <i>Khan</i>, <i>Huq &amp; Hassan</i> 3296 (holotype?ACB n.v.). Perennial herb 1 – 2 m tall. <i>Stems</i> erect, obtusely quadrangular with longitudinal grooves, with dense dendroid hairs and stellate hairs. <i>Leaoes</i> petiolate, chartaceous; blades elliptic-obovate, 20 – 20 × 10 – 20 cm, apex acute, margin shallowly serrate, base attenuate, upper side dark green with stiff stellate hairs, lower side pale green tomentose with dense stellate hairs with a 1-celled or multi-celled stalk; petioles 20 – 20 mm long. <i>Inflorescence</i> axillary, with opposite cymes pedunculate, branched then lax, exceeding 20 mm wide when pressed, excluding corolla, inserted at the upper nodes at which leaves are usually present; verticils many-flowered; peduncles 3 – 13 mm long; bracts obovate, 8 – 13 × 2 – 5 mm, broader than the calyx, apex acute, margin entire. <i>Flowering calyx</i> tubular-infundibular, 8 – 12 mm long, 10-ridged, outside with dense stellate hairs, inside tomentose with adpressed shortly simple hairs; tube 3 – 5 mm long; lobes triangular, 3 – 3 mm long, apex acuminate. <i>Fruiting calyx</i> infundibular, 8 – 13 mm long; tube 3 – 5 mm long; lobes triangular, 3 – 6 mm long, apex acuminate, sometimes subulate. <i>Corolla</i> bright yellow, 20 – 33 mm long, throat narrow, not enlarged, sometimes gradually dilated towards the throat, outside with simple hairs and glandular-like simple hairs, inside glabrous; tube slender, straight, 13 – 30 mm long, exserted from the calyx; posterior lip slightly hooded, elliptic-ovate, 3 – 6 mm long; anterior lip 3-lobed, slightly longer than posterior lip; median lobe elliptic, 2 – 6 mm long; lateral lobes elliptic. <i>Staminal filaments</i> fleshy, tomentose. <i>Style</i> slender, glabrous with apex unequally lobed. <i>Nutlets</i> solitary, white when fresh, elliptic-ovate or oblong, 2 – 3 mm long, glabrous. Fig. 1C &amp; 6B, G. <b>DISTRIBUTION.</b> India (Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Assam), Nepal, Bangladesh, China, (Yunnan), Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia (Java). Map 2. <b> SPECIMENS EXAMINED. INDIA. West Bengal:?arceeling, Ryang, 300 m [1000 ft], 12 Nov. 1850, <i>Clarke</i> 13563A (BM);</b> ?arceeling, Bomunpokri Hill [25.0333°, 88.1665°], Aug. 1852, <i>Gamble</i> 3818A (K);?arceeling, Badamtam [25.0333°, 88.1665°], 600 m [2000 ft], Aug. 1881, <i>Gamble</i> 9522 (lectoparatype of <i>G. paroiflorum</i> var. <i>farinosa</i>, K); Jalpaiguri, Chapramari Forest, 25 July 2002, <i>3hattachcharya &amp; Party</i> 31165 (CAL); Jalpaiguri,?uars, Jan. – May 1893, <i>Haines</i> 316 (K); Kuntimari, Jalpaiguri, 12 Jan. 1939, <i>Parkinson</i> 3260 (GH); Sikkim: ibid., 1200 m [2000 ft], <i>Hooker</i> s.n. (K, L); Teesta Valley, 300 m [1000 ft], 20 Aug. 1852, <i>Gamble</i> s.n. (K 2 sheets); Teesta R., 300 m [1000 ft], 12 Nov. 1850, <i>Clarke</i> 13652A (lectoparatype of <i>G. paroiflorum</i> var. <i>farinosa</i>, BM); Mongpo, 300 m [1000 ft], 3?ec. 1882, <i>Clarke</i> 36152B (E); Terai, 1200 m [2000 ft], Sept. 1823, <i>Hooker</i> s.n. (K, TC?); Arunachal Pradesh: Namchik R. Valley, 23 mile mark on Ledo Road [25.2922°, 96.0908°], 11 Sept. 1923, <i>3elcher</i> 221 (K); Assam: <i>Griffith</i> 339 (K); ibid., <i>Griffith</i> s.n. (K); ibid., 1826, <i>Griffith</i> s.n. (K); ibid., July, <i>Simons</i> 26 (K); Goyalpara [Goalpara], 22 July 1808, <i>Hamilton</i> s.n. in <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2138? [‘a’] (lectotype of <i>G. paroiflorum</i> var. <i>farinosa</i>, CAL; isolectotype K-W); ibid., 23 Oct. 1808, <i>Hamilton</i> s.n. in <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2138? [‘b’] (lectoparatypes of <i>G. paroiflorum</i> var. <i>farinosa</i>, E, K-W); North Cachar, Haflong [23.1833°, 93.0333°], 530 m [2300 ft], 3 Aug. 1908, <i>Craib</i> 123 (K); Assam, Kohima, Naga Hills, 1300 m [3000 ft], 19 July 1930, <i>Koelz</i> 23306 (L); Assam, Badarpur [22.9°, 92.6°], Nov. 1905, <i>Meebold</i> 3812 (K); Assam, Shella, 22 miles from Maeosmai, K B J Hills?istr., 19?ec. 1936, <i>Panigrahi</i> 2855 (CAL); Assam, Lushai Hills, Kaidun Kawn, 600 m [2000 ft], July 1925, <i>Parry</i> 283 (K); Assam, Baligan near Naga Hills, Nov. 1898, <i>Prain's collector</i> 390 (G 3 sheets); Assam, Jabrea Juyali Bam Garden [26.12°, 91.55°], Oct. 1898, <i>Prain's collector</i> 121 (E, GH, TC?); Nagaland: Mokokchcing [26.3333°, 92.3333°], 18 Sept. 1922, <i>3or</i> 16663 (L); Naga Hills, Lumami, 1200 m [2000 ft], 1 July 1933, <i>3or</i> 3053 (K); Kala, Naga Hills, 900 – 1200 m [3000 – 2000 ft], May 1882, <i>Watt</i> 5396 (E); Meghalaya: Jaintea, <i>de Siloa</i> s.n. in <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2138.2 [‘b’] (lectoparatype of <i>G. paroiflorum</i> K-W); Khasia, Shillong [23.3665°, 91.8833°], 1290 m [2300 ft], 23 July 1886, <i>Clarke</i> 22338?, E &amp; H (BM, G); Garo Hills [23.3°, 90.3°], Rewak, 360 m [1200 ft], <i>Parry</i> 923 (K); Cherrapooncee, 1300 m [3000 ft], Sept. 1858, <i>Gallatly</i> 613 (lectoparatype of <i>G. paroiflorum</i> var. <i>farinosa</i> BM); Nongpoh, Khasi Hills, 600 m [2000 ft], 26 June 1929, <i>Koelz</i> 23029 (E); Khasia, Maodadoom, 900 m [3000 ft], 3 Feb. 1886, <i>Clarke</i> 22921A &amp; B (E, G); Khasia, 19 Oct. 1851, <i>Clarke</i> 16003 (SING); Khasia, Bor Panee [26.2165°, 92.3333°], 0 – 1200 m [0 – 2000 ft], 2 Oct. 1830, <i>Hooker &amp; Thomson</i> s.n. (K); Khasia, Churra [23.3833°, 91.6333°], [0 – 1200 m 0 – 2000 ft], 11 Aug. 1830, <i>Hooker &amp; Thomson</i> 2062 (K 2 sheets); ibid., 0 – 1200 m [0 – 2000 ft], 11 Aug. 1830, <i>Hooker &amp; Thomson</i> s.n. (K); Khasia, Terai, 0 – 1200 m [0 – 2000 ft], 11 Nov. 1830, <i>Hooker &amp; Thomson</i> s.n. (K); ibid., 0 – 1200 m [0 – 2000 ft], 16 Nov. 1830, <i>Hooker &amp; Thomson</i> s.n. (K, TC?]; Mont Khasia [23.3833°, 91.6333°], 300 – 1200 m [1000 – 2000 ft], <i>Hooker &amp; Thomson</i> s.n. (BM, E, G 3 sheets, L 2 sheets, P 2 sheets); Tamil Nadu: Medras, <i>Herb. Heyne</i> in <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2138.1 (lectoparatype of <i>G. paroiflorum</i> K-W). <b>BANGLADESH.</b> Sylhet: <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2138 (lectotype of <i>G. paroiflorum</i> K); ibid., July 1820, <i>de Siloa</i> s.n. in <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2138.2 [‘a’] (lectoparatypes of <i>G. paroiflorum</i> K-W, L, NY 2 sheets); ibid., <i>Wall. Cat.</i> s.n. (holotype of <i>G. multiflorum</i> K; isotype K); Chittagong: Matamori [Matamuhory, Matamuhari, 21.63°, 92°], 29 Sept. 1920, <i>Cowan</i> 833 (E); Maghi, Fashaba [23.6222°, 91.0561°], <i>Cowan</i> 1321 (E); Barkal, 29 Feb. 1856, <i>Lister</i> 118 (BM); ibid., 0 – 300 m [0 – 1000 ft], 9 Jan. 1831, <i>Hooker &amp; Thomson</i> 288 (K). <b>CHINA.</b> Yunnan: Szemao [22.5665°, 101.0833°], 1200 m [2000 ft], <i>Henry</i> 12233A (K); Szemao, East Mountains, 1200 m [2000 ft], <i>Henry</i> 12233 (K); Ching-tung, Hsiao-ch&amp;ang-chieh [22.2333°, 103.23°], 1100 m, 13?ec. 1939, <i>Li</i> 1291 (KUN); en route from Xima to Yingciang, 300 m, 22 Nov. 1993, <i>Santisuk et al.</i> 890 (BKF 2 sheets); Luchun, 23°22&amp;31”N 102°35&amp;23”E, 800 m, 18 Oct. 2000, <i>Shui &amp; Chen</i> 13118 (KUN); Luchun, Huanglian Shan, Qi-ma-ba [22.5665°, 102.2°], 900 – 1200 m, 1 Nov. 1993, <i>Wu et al.</i> 1026 (KUN); Man-ya, Che-li Hsien [21.9833°, 100.8165°], 830 m, Sept. 1936, <i>Wang</i> 58553 (KUN). <b>MYANMAR.</b> Sagaing: Katha, Kadu Hill [22.1833°, 96.33°], 10 July 1911, <i>Lace</i> 3328 (K); Mandalay: Maymyo Plateau [22.0333°, 96.2665°], 26 July 1912, <i>Lace</i> 3860 (E 2 sheets, K). <b>VIETNAM.</b> ?ien Bien: Muong phang [?ien Bien, 21.2231°, 103.1325°], 29 June 2003, <i>3inh &amp; Cuong</i> 1336 (HN). <b>THAILAND.</b> Mae Hong Son: Khun Yuam, toward Mae Surin Waterfall, 18°32&amp;N 98°3&amp;E, 1300 m, 22 Sept. 1993, <i>Larsen et al.</i> 26853 (AAU); Chiang Mai:?oi Chiang?ao [19.3833°, 98.9°], 20?ec. 1961, <i>3unchai</i> 82 (BKF); ibid., 1010 m, 9 May 1932, <i>3unchai</i> 230 (BKF); ibid., 1800 – 2130 m, 25 Oct. 1959, <i>Shimizu et al.</i> T-21195 (BKF); ibid., 1600 m, 15 Feb. 1938, <i>Sørensen et al.</i> 1293 (BKF, C 2 sheets);?oi Chiang?ao, at foot N of Ban Tam [19.3922°, 98.9265°], 220 m, 25 Aug. 1933, <i>Garrett</i> 995 (BKF, K 2 sheets, L, P, TC?);?oi Chiang?ao, Me Na Lao drainage, 620 m, 29?ec. 1933, <i>Garrett</i> 1223 (K, L, P);?oi Chiang?ao, E side, Pa Blawng Caves area [19.3833°, 98.9°], 600 m, 13 Jan. 1989, <i>Maxwell</i> 89-22 (L);?oi Chiang?ao Wildlife Sanctuary, N side of?oi Luang, above Sop Huay Pah?ang-Huay Nah Lao Station, 953 m, 8 Oct. 1993, <i>Maxwell</i> 93-830 (BKF, CMUB);?oi Inthanon, Mae Pan Waterfall [18.3263°, 98.2335°], 1000 – 1060 m, 29 July 1988, <i>Fukuoka</i> T-62322 (BKF); Mae Rim, Pong Yaeng [18.8902°, 98.8296°], 1000 m, 9 Sept. 2009, <i>Maxwell</i> 09-239 (CMUB, QBG);?oi Ang Khang [19.8°, 98.9833°], 3 Feb. 1992, <i>Tiptabiankarn</i> 1352 (SLR); Chiang Rai: Khun Korn Waterfall [19.8821°, 99.6169°], 653 m, 11 Oct. 1995, <i>KK</i> 398 (BCU); Khun Lao,?oi Pee Pan Nam [19.13°, 101.1833°], 1000 m, 23 Sept. 2005, <i>Watthana</i> 2262 (QBG); Nan:?oi Phu Kha, 19°10&amp;N 101°3&amp;E, 1200 m, 11 Sept. 1993, <i>Larsen et al.</i> 26333 (AAU); Nan,?oi Phu Khan National Park, c. 13 km E after past highest point, 19°23&amp;N 101°16&amp;E, 1000 m, 16 Aug. 1993, <i>Parnell et al.</i> 93-136 (K, TC?); Pua,?oi Phu Kha National Park, Tam Pha Khaw, 1000 m, 3 July 2 0 0 1, <i>Srisanga</i> 19 22 (QBG); Phitsanulok: Phu Mieng Mountain [16.83°, 101.1165°], 500 m, 29 July 1966, <i>Larsen et al.</i> 1098 (AAU, BKF); Phetchabun: Nam Nao National Park [16.5383°, 101.3698°], trail W from Visitor Centre, 23 Sept. 1992, <i>3oyce</i> 1026 (K); Loei: Na Haew, 1000 m, 30 July 1993, <i>Na Nakorn et al.</i> 2020 (QBG). <b>INDONESIA</b>. <b>JAVA</b>. <i>Zollinger</i> 2028 (holotype of <i>G. dichotomum</i>, P; isotypes BM 2 sheets, G, P). <b>HABITAT.</b> Evergreen forest; alt. 220 – 1900 m. <b>CONSERVATION STATUS.</b> Widespread; Least Concern (LC). <b>PHENOLOGY</b>. Flowering June – January. Fruiting October – May. <b>NOTES.</b> <i>Gomphostemma paroiflorum</i> is recognisable by broad bracts broader than the calyx and calyx lobes not longer than the tube. It is morphologically similar to <i>G. crinitum</i> by having a straight corolla tube and a narrow corolla throat. Although the type specimen of <i>G. salarkhaniana</i> has not been seen, this species is similar to <i>G. paroiflorum</i> based on the plant description from the protologue. Hence, <i>G. salarkhaniana</i> is reduced to a synonym of <i>G. paroiflorum.</i> The localities of <i>Gomphostemma paroiflorum</i> mentioned in the protologue included Nepal, Sillet and Penang but, based on Wallich (1829), there is no collection collected from Nepal under the catalogue number 2138. The evidence for matching <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2138 housed at K (Herb. Benthamianum sheet) with either <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2138.2 [‘a’] (K-W) or <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2138.2 [‘b’] (K-W) is not clear. Hence, no isolectotype of <i>Gomphostemma paroiflorum</i> is designated. There is one specimen labelled as <i>Zollinger</i> 2028 (P [P00686229]) but it is <i>Gomphostemma jaoanicum</i> based on the calyx character, prominently 10-ridged.
description: Published as part of <i>Bongcheewin, Bhanubong, Ingrouille, Martin J. &amp; Paton, Alan J., 2022, A revision of Gomphostemma (Lamiaceae), pp. 27-92 in Kew Bulletin 77 (1)</i> on pages 47-49, DOI: 10.1007/s12225-021-09991-y, http://zenodo.org/record/7615581
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