cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A method for preserving nominally-resolved flow patterns in low-resolution ocean simulations: Constrained dynamics
Creators: name: Shevchenko, Igor
name: Berloff, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inability of low-resolution ocean models to simulate many important aspects of the large-scale general circulation is a common problem. In the view of physics, the main reason for this failure are the missed dynamical effects of the unresolved small scales of motion on the explicitly resolved large scale motions. Complimentary to this mainstream physics-based perspective, we propose to address this failure from the dynamical systems point of view, namely, as the persistent tendency of phase space trajectories representing the low-resolution solution to escape the right region of the corresponding phase space, which is occupied by the reference eddy-resolving solution. Based on this concept, we propose to use methods of constrained optimization to confine the low-resolution solution to remain within the correct phase space region, without attempting to amend the eddy physics by introducing a process-based parameterisation. This approach is advocated as a novel framework for data-driven hyper-parameterisation of mesoscale oceanic eddies in non-eddy-resolving models. We tested the idea in the context of classical, baroclinic beta-plane turbulence model and showed that non-eddy-resolving solution can be substantially improved towards the reference eddy-resolving benchmark.
Consistency of the light-front quark model with chiral symmetry in the pseudoscalar meson analysis
Creators: name: Choi, Ho-Meoyng
name: Ji, Chueng-Ryong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the link between the chiral symmetry of QCD and the numerical results of the light-front quark model (LFQM), analyzing both the two-point and three-point functions of a pseudoscalar meson from the perspective of the vacuum fluctuation consistent with the chiral symmetry of QCD. The two-point and three-point functions are exemplified in this work by the twist-2 and twist-3 distribution amplitudes of a pseudoscalar meson and the pion elastic form factor, respectively. The present analysis of the pseudoscalar meson commensurates with the previous analysis of the vector meson two-point function and fortifies our observation that the light-front quark model with effective degrees of freedom represented by the constituent quark and antiquark may provide the view of effective zero-mode cloud around the quark and antiquark inside the meson. Consequently, the constituents dressed by the zero-mode cloud may be expected to satisfy the chiral symmetry of QCD. Our results appear consistent with this expectation and effectively indicate that the constituent quark and antiquark in the LFQM may be considered as the dressed constituents including the zero-mode quantum fluctuations from the vacuum.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures. slight change in the title and a few typo corrections
Additional file 3 of Biomarker discovery in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: RNA sequencing of whole blood in discordant twin and case-controlled cohorts
Creators: name: McCaffrey, Timothy A.
name: Laurent, Georges St.
name: Shtokalo, Dmitry
name: Antonets, Denis
name: Vyatkin, Yuri
name: Jones, Daniel
name: Battison, Eleanor
name: Nigg, Joel T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Transcript IDs by 9 DEG methods for discordant twin study.
Das Naturrecht - bleibendes Thema der Theologischen Ethik
Creators: name: Schlögel, Herbert
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 39 Nr. 2 (2010): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 39, Heft 2
Europäischer Kulturrelativismus und amerikanisches Naturrechtsvertrauen
Creators: name: Mey, Katrin
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 39 Nr. 2 (2010): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 39, Heft 2
The evolution of HIV-1 entry phenotypes as a guide to changing target cells
Creators: name: Joseph, S.B.
name: Swanstrom, R.
Publisher: name: Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2018

description: Through a twist of fate the most common form of HIV-1, as defined by entry phenotype, was not appreciated until recently. The entry phenotype is closely linked to the target cell and thus to virus–host interactions and pathogenesis. The most abundant form of HIV-1 uses CCR5 as the coreceptor and requires a high density of CD4 for efficient entry, defining its target cell as the CD4+ memory T cell. This is the transmitted form of the virus, the form that is found in the blood, and the form that rebounds from the latent reservoir. When CD4+/CCR5+ T cells become limiting the virus evolves to use alternative target cells to support viral replication. In the CNS, the virus can evolve to use a cell that displays only a low density of CD4, while maintaining the use of CCR5 as the coreceptor. When this evolutionary variant evolves, it must be sustaining its replication in either macrophages or microglial cells, which display only a low density of CD4 relative to that on T cells. In the blood and lymphoid system, the major switch late in disease is from T cells expressing CD4 and CCR5 to T cells expressing CD4 and CXCR4, with a change in coreceptor specificity. Thus the virus responds in two different ways to different environments when its preferred target cell becomes limiting. ©2018 The Authors. Society for Leukocyte Biology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Air des Joies, appartenant au répertoire de la bravade de Saint-Tropez, joué aux fifres de roseau par Fabre père et fils
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Platform for controllable Majorana zero modes using superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures
Creators: name: Livanas, Giorgos
name: Vanas, Nikos
name: Sigrist, Manfred
name: Varelogiannis, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel platform for the creation and manipulation of Majorana zero modes consisting of a ferromagnetic metallic wire placed between conventional superconductors which are in proximity to ferromagnetic insulators. Our device relies on the interplay of applied supercurrents and exchange fields emerging from the ferromagnetic insulators. We assert that the proposed superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures exhibit enhanced controllability, since topological superconductivity can be tuned apart from gate voltages applied on the ferromagnetic wire, also by manipulating the applied supercurrents and/or the magnetisation of the ferromagnetic insulators.
Footprints of Supersymmetry on Higgs Decay
Creators: name: Endo, Motoi
name: Moroi, Takeo
name: Nojiri, Mihoko M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by future collider proposals that aim to measure the Higgs properties precisely, we study the partial decay widths of the lightest Higgs boson in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with an emphasis on the parameter region where all superparticles and heavy Higgs bosons are not accessible at the LHC. Taking account of phenomenological constraints such as the Higgs mass, flavor constraints, vacuum stability, and perturbativity of coupling constants up to the grand unification scale, we discuss how large the deviations of the partial decay widths from the standard model predictions can be. These constraints exclude large fraction of the parameter region where the Higgs widths show significant deviation from the standard model predictions. Nevertheless, even if superparticles and the heavy Higgses are out of the reach of 14TeV LHC, the deviation may be large enough to be observed at future $e^+e^-$ collider experiments.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures, version accepted in JHEP
Additional file 1 of Biomarker discovery in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: RNA sequencing of whole blood in discordant twin and case-controlled cohorts
Creators: name: McCaffrey, Timothy A.
name: Laurent, Georges St.
name: Shtokalo, Dmitry
name: Antonets, Denis
name: Vyatkin, Yuri
name: Jones, Daniel
name: Battison, Eleanor
name: Nigg, Joel T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Enrollment details.
Characterization of the transmitted virus in an ongoing HIV-1 epidemic driven by injecting drug use
Creators: name: Vasileva, A.
name: Zhou, S.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Kozlov, A.P.
name: Labranche, C.
name: Toussova, O.
name: Verevochkin, S.
name: Frishman, D.
name: Miller, W.
name: Swanstrom, R.
name: Akulova, E.
name: Masharsky, A.
name: Hoffman, I.
name: Montefiori, D.
name: Porrello, A.
name: Dukhovlinova, E.
Publisher: name: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.
Year: 2018

description: Understanding features of the HIV-1 transmission process has the potential to inform biological interventions for prevention. We have examined the transmitted virus in a cohort of people who inject drugs and who are at risk of HIV-1 infection through blood contamination when injecting in a group. This study focused on seven newly infected participants in St. Petersburg, Russia, who were in acute or early infection. We used end-point dilution polymerase chain reaction to amplify single viral genomes to assess the complexity of the transmitted virus. We also used deep sequencing to further assess the complexity of the virus. We interpret the results as indicating that a single viral variant was transmitted in each case, consistent with a model where the exposure to virus during transmission was limited. We also looked at phenotypic properties of the viral Env protein in isolates from acute and chronic infection. Although differences were noted, there was no consistent pattern that distinguished the transmitted variants. Similarly, despite the reduced genetic heterogeneity of the more recent subtype A HIV-1 epidemic in St. Petersburg, we did not see reduced variance in the neutralization properties compared to isolates from the more mature subtype C HIV-1 epidemic. Finally, in looking at members of injecting groups related to the acute HIV-1 infection/early subjects, we found examples of sequence linkage consistent with ongoing and rapid spread of HIV-1 in these groups. These studies emphasize the dynamic nature of this epidemic and reinforce the idea that improved prevention methods are needed. © Copyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.
A bifurcation threshold for contact-induced language change
Creators: name: Kauhanen, Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One proposed mechanism of language change concerns the role played by second-language (L2) learners in situations of language contact. If sufficiently many L2 speakers are present in a speech community in relation to the number of first-language (L1) speakers, then those features which present a difficulty in L2 acquisition may be prone to disappearing from the language. This paper presents a mathematical account of such contact situations based on a stochastic model of learning and nonlinear population dynamics. The equilibria of a deterministic reduction of the model, describing a mixed population of L1 and L2 speakers, are fully characterized. Whether or not the language changes in response to the introduction of L2 learners turns out to depend on three factors: the overall proportion of L2 learners in the population, the strength of the difficulty speakers face in acquiring the language as an L2, and the language-internal utilities of the competing linguistic variants. These factors are related by a mathematical formula describing a phase transition from retention of the L2-difficult feature to its loss from both speaker populations. This supplies predictions that can be tested against empirical data. Here, the model is evaluated with the help of two case studies, morphological levelling in Afrikaans and the erosion of null subjects in Afro-Peruvian Spanish; the model is found to be broadly in agreement with the historical development in both cases.
description: 35 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables
Air de l'Assemblée, appartenant au répertoire de la bravade de Saint-Tropez, joué aux fifres de roseau par Fabre père et fils
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Spatially Extended NaI D Resonant Emission and Absorption in the Galactic Wind of the Nearby Infrared-Luminous Quasar F05189-2524
Creators: name: Rupke, David
name: Veilleux, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emission from metal resonant lines has recently emerged as a potentially powerful probe of the structure of galactic winds at low and high redshift. In this work, we present only the second example of spatially resolved observations of NaI D emission from a galactic wind in a nearby galaxy (and the first 3D observations at any redshift). F05189-2524, a nearby (z=0.043) ultra luminous infrared galaxy powered by a quasar, was observed with the integral field unit on the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) at Gemini North. NaI D absorption in the system traces dusty filaments on the near side of an extended, AGN-driven galactic wind (with projected velocities up to 2000 km/s). These filaments (A_V < 4) and N(H) < 10^22 cm^-2) simultaneously obscure the stellar continuum and NaI D emission lines. The NaI D emission lines serve as a complementary probe of the wind; they are strongest in regions of low foreground obscuration and extend up to the limits of the field of view (galactocentric radii of 4 kpc). An azimuthally symmetric Sersic model extincted by the same foreground screen as the stellar continuum reproduces the NaI D emission line surface brightness distribution except in the inner regions of the wind, where some emission-line filling of absorption lines may occur. The presence of detectable NaI D emission in F05189-2524 may be due to its high continuum surface brightness at the rest wavelength of NaI D. These data uniquely constrain current models of cool gas in galactic winds and serve as a benchmark for future observations and models.
description: ApJ, in press
American security, global disability: a postcolonial disability studies analysis of American security projects
Creators: name: Gambino, Rosalia
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2024

description: This dissertation aims to reconceptualize the idea of security by first focusing on the extensive debilitation left in the aftermath of its pursuit. It assesses how we can understand the persistent production of debilitation across different modes of security - national, economic, energy, and environmental – from the mid-20th century to the present. I focus on three U.S. security projects that represent these different modes: nuclear testing in the Marshall Islands, Texaco's oil operations in the Ecuadorian Amazon, and cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which supplies U.S.-based multinational corporations. I demonstrate that security functions according to a colonial and biopolitical logic in which value is extracted from the mass impairment of racialized and Indigenous populations and their ecologies.
Additional file 4 of Biomarker discovery in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: RNA sequencing of whole blood in discordant twin and case-controlled cohorts
Creators: name: McCaffrey, Timothy A.
name: Laurent, Georges St.
name: Shtokalo, Dmitry
name: Antonets, Denis
name: Vyatkin, Yuri
name: Jones, Daniel
name: Battison, Eleanor
name: Nigg, Joel T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4. Case control T-test 524 transcripts.
Additional file 1 of Longitudinal trajectory of disability in community-dwelling older adults: An observational cohort study in South Korea
Creators: name: Kim, Hae Reong
name: Heayon Lee
name: Yoonje Seong
name: Eunju Lee
name: Hee-Won Jung
name: Park, Yu Rang
name: Jang, Il-Young
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Tabulated BIC’s and 2 Δ BIC. Supplementary Table 2. Result of poisson regression for home time. Supplementary Table 3. Result of sub-group analysis of poisson regression for home time. Supplementary Figure 1. Trajectory grouping in under 74-years old and over 75-years old. Supplementary Figure 2. Trajectory grouping in male and female
Prevalence of drug-resistant minority variants in untreated HIV-1-infected individuals with and those without transmitted drug resistance detected by sanger sequencing
Creators: name:  Zhou, S.
name:  Pinsky, B.A.
name:  Varghese, V.
name:  Hurley, L.B.
name:  Fessel, W.J.
name:  Shafer, R.W.
name:  Holmes, S.P.
name:  Rhee, S.-Y.
name: Clutter, D.S.
name:  Silverberg, M.J.
name:  Swanstrom, R.
name:  Spielvogel, E.
name:  Klein, D.B.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2017

description: Minority variant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance mutations are associated with an increased risk of virological failure during treatment with NNRTI-containing regimens. To determine whether individuals to whom variants with isolated NNRTI-associated drug resistance were transmitted are at increased risk of virological failure during treatment with a non-NNRTI-containing regimen, we identified minority variant resistance mutations in 33 individuals with isolated NNRTI-associated transmitted drug resistance and 49 matched controls. We found similar proportions of overall and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-associated minority variant resistance mutations in both groups, suggesting that isolated NNRTI-associated transmitted drug resistance may not be a risk factor for virological failure during treatment with a non-NNRTI-containing regimen. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
Transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution functions beyond leading twist in quark models
Creators: name: Lorcé, C.
name: Pasquini, B.
name: Schweitzer, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher-twist transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) are a valuable probe of the quark-gluon dynamics in the nucleon, and play a vital role for the explanation of sizable azimuthal asymmetries in hadron production from unpolarized and polarized deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering observed in experiments at CERN, DESY and Jefferson Lab. The associated observables are challenging to interpret, and still await a complete theoretical explanation, which makes guidance from models valuable. In this work we establish the formalism to describe unpolarized higher-twist TMDs in the light-front framework based on a Fock-space expansion of the nucleon state in terms of free on-shell parton states. We derive general expressions and present numerical results in a practical realization of this picture provided by the light-front constituent quark model. We review several other popular quark model approaches including free quark ensemble, bag, spectator and chiral quark-soliton model. We discuss how higher-twist TMDs are described in these models, and obtain results for several TMDs not discussed previously in literature. This study contributes to the understanding of non-perturbative properties of subleading twist TMDs. The results from the light-front constituent quark model are also compared to available phenomenological information, showing a satisfactory agreement.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; misprints corrected. Close to published version, except for Eq.(65) (c.f. footnote 3) which could not be fixed in time during proof-reading
Harvesting Excitons Through Plasmonic Strong Coupling
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Ballestero, Carlos
name: Feist, Johannes
name: Moreno, Esteban
name: Garcia-Vidal, Francisco J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exciton harvesting is demonstrated in an ensemble of quantum emitters coupled to localized surface plasmons. When the interaction between emitters and the dipole mode of a metallic nanosphere reaches the strong coupling regime, the exciton conductance is greatly increased. The spatial map of the conductance matches the plasmon field intensity profile, which indicates that transport properties can be tuned by adequately tailoring the field of the plasmonic resonance. Under strong coupling, we find that pure dephasing can have detrimental or beneficial effects on the conductance, depending on the effective number of participating emitters. Finally, we show that the exciton transport in the strong coupling regime occurs on an ultrafast timescale given by the inverse Rabi splitting ($\sim10~$fs), orders of magnitude faster than transport through direct hopping between the emitters.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Soft-clamped silicon nitride string resonators at millikelvin temperatures
Creators: name: Gisler, Thomas
name: Helal, Mohamed
name: Sabonis, Deividas
name: Grob, Urs
name: Héritier, Martin
name: Degen, Christian L.
name: Ghadimi, Amir H.
name: Eichler, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that soft-clamped silicon nitride strings with large aspect ratio can be operated at \si{\milli\kelvin} temperatures. The quality factors ($Q$) of two measured devices show consistent dependency on the cryostat temperature, with soft-clamped mechanical modes reaching $Q > 10^9$ at $46~\mathrm{mK}$. For low optical readout power, $Q$ is found to saturate, indicating good thermalization between the sample and the stage it is mounted on. Our best device exhibits a force sensitivity of $9.6~\mathrm{zN}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ and a thermal decoherence time of $0.38~\mathrm{s}$ which bode well for future applications such as nanomechanical force sensing and beyond.
Additional file 1 of Use of digital periodontal data to compare periodontal treatment outcomes in a practice-based research network (PBRN): a proof of concept
Creators: name: Peikert, Stefanie Anna
name: Mittelhamm, Felix
name: Frisch, Eberhard
name: Vach, Kirstin
name: Ratka-Krüger, Petra
name: Woelber, Johan Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Collected data of the first visit of the patients regarding tooth mobility. Table S2. Collected data of the last visit of the patients regarding tooth mobility. Table S3. Average Bleeding on probing (BOP) of each tooth.
Unsupervised spectral decomposition of X-ray binaries with application to GX 339-4
Creators: name: Koljonen, Karri I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we explore unsupervised spectral decomposition methods for distinguishing the effect of different spectral components for a set of consecutive spectra from an X-ray binary. We use well-established linear methods for the decomposition, namely principal component analysis, independent component analysis and non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF). Applying these methods to a simulated dataset consisting of a variable multicolour disc black body and a cutoff power law, we find that NMF outperforms the other two methods in distinguishing the spectral components. In addition, due the non-negative nature of NMF, the resulting components may be fitted separately, revealing the evolution of individual parameters. To test the NMF method on a real source, we analyse data from the low-mass X-ray binary GX 339-4 and found the results to match those of previous studies. In addition, we found the inner radius of the accretion disc to be located at the innermost stable circular orbit in the intermediate state right after the outburst peak. This study shows that using unsupervised spectral decomposition methods results in detecting the separate component fluxes down to low flux levels. Also, these methods provide an alternative way of detecting the spectral components without performing actual spectral fitting, which may prove to be practical when dealing with large datasets.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures
Was fehlt in der Inkulturationsdebatte?
Creators: name: Buckenmaier, Achim
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 39 Nr. 1 (2010): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 39, Heft 1
Age Problem in Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi Void Models
Creators: name: Yan, Xiao-Peng
name: Liu, De-Zi
name: Wei, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As is well known, one can explain the current cosmic acceleration by considering an inhomogeneous and/or anisotropic universe (which violates the cosmological principle), without invoking dark energy or modified gravity. The well-known one of this kind of models is the so-called Lema\^ıtre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) void model, in which the universe is spherically symmetric and radially inhomogeneous, and we are living in a locally underdense void centered nearby our location. In the present work, we test various LTB void models with some old high redshift objects (OHROs). Obviously, the universe cannot be younger than its constituents. We find that an unusually large $r_0$ (characterizing the size of the void) is required to accommodate these OHROs in LTB void models. There is a serious tension between this unusually large $r_0$ and the much smaller $r_0$ inferred from other observations (e.g. SNIa, CMB and so on). However, if we instead consider the lowest limit 1.7\,Gyr for the quasar APM 08279+5255 at redshift $z=3.91$, this tension could be greatly alleviated.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, revtex4; v2: discussions added, Phys. Lett. B in press; v3: published version
Refined Commonsense Knowledge from Large-Scale Web Contents
Creators: name: Nguyen, Tuan-Phong
name: Razniewski, Simon
name: Romero, Julien
name: Weikum, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Commonsense knowledge (CSK) about concepts and their properties is helpful for AI applications. Prior works, such as ConceptNet, have compiled large CSK collections. However, they are restricted in their expressiveness to subject-predicate-object (SPO) triples with simple concepts for S and strings for P and O. This paper presents a method called ASCENT++ to automatically build a large-scale knowledge base (KB) of CSK assertions, with refined expressiveness and both better precision and recall than prior works. ASCENT++ goes beyond SPO triples by capturing composite concepts with subgroups and aspects, and by refining assertions with semantic facets. The latter is essential to express the temporal and spatial validity of assertions and further qualifiers. Furthermore, ASCENT++ combines open information extraction (OpenIE) with judicious cleaning and ranking by typicality and saliency scores. For high coverage, our method taps into the large-scale crawl C4 with broad web contents. The evaluation with human judgments shows the superior quality of the ASCENT++ KB, and an extrinsic evaluation for QA-support tasks underlines the benefits of ASCENT++. A web interface, data, and code can be accessed at https://ascentpp.mpi-inf.mpg.de/.
description: This is a substantial extension of the previous WWW paper: arXiv:2011.00905
Low-loss high-impedance circuit for quantum transduction between optical and microwave photons
Creators: name: Tsuchimoto, Yuta
name: Kroner, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum transducers between microwave and optical photons are essential for long-distance quantum networks based on superconducting qubits. An optically active self-assembled quantum dot molecule (QDM) is an attractive platform for the implementation of a quantum transducer because an exciton in a QDM can be efficiently coupled to both optical and microwave fields at the single-photon level. Recently, the transduction between microwave and optical photons has been demonstrated with a QDM integrated with a superconducting resonator. In this paper, we present a design of a QD-high impedance resonator device with a low microwave loss and an expected large single-microwave photon coupling strength of 100s of MHz. We integrate self-assembled QDs onto a high-impedance superconducting resonator using a transfer printing technique and demonstrate a low-microwave loss rate of 1.8 MHz and gate tunability of the QDs. The microwave loss rate is much lower than the expected QDM-resonator coupling strength as well as the typical transmon-resonator coupling strength. This feature will facilitate efficient quantum transduction between an optical and microwave qubit.
description: 24 pages, 15 figures
Can nano-particle melt below the melting temperature of its free surface partner?
Creators: name: Sui, Xiao-Hong
name: Wang, Zongguo
name: Kang, Kai
name: Qin, Shaojing
name: Wang, Chuilin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phonon thermal contribution to the melting temperature of nano-particles is inspected. The discrete summation of phonon states and its corresponding integration form as an approximation for a nano-particle or for a bulk system have been analyzed. The discrete phonon energy levels of pure size effect and the wave-vector shifts of boundary conditions were investigated in detail. Unlike in macroscopic thermodynamics, the integration volume of zero-mode of phonon for a nano-particle is not zero, and it plays an important role in pure size effect and boundary condition effect. We found that a nano-particle will have a rising melting temperature due to purely finite size effect; a lower melting temperature bound exists for a nano-particle in various environments, and the melting temperature of a nano-particle with free boundary condition reaches this lower bound. We suggest an easy procedure to estimation the melting temperature, in which the zero-mode contribution will be excluded, and only several bulk quantities will be used as input. We would like to emphasize that the quantum effect of discrete energy levels in nano-particles, which was not present in early thermodynamic studies on finite size corrections to melting temperature in small systems, should be included in future researches.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Black holes and their horizons in semiclassical and modified theories of gravity
Creators: name: Mann, Robert B.
name: Murk, Sebastian
name: Terno, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For distant observers black holes are trapped spacetime domains bounded by apparent horizons. We review properties of the near-horizon geometry emphasizing the consequences of two common implicit assumptions of semiclassical physics. The first is a consequence of the cosmic censorship conjecture, namely that curvature scalars are finite at apparent horizons. The second is that horizons form in finite asymptotic time (i.e. according to distant observers), a property implicitly assumed in conventional descriptions of black hole formation and evaporation. Taking these as the only requirements within the semiclassical framework, we find that in spherical symmetry only two classes of dynamic solutions are admissible, both describing evaporating black holes and expanding white holes. We review their properties and present the implications. The null energy condition is violated in the vicinity of the outer horizon and satisfied in the vicinity of the inner apparent/anti-trapping horizon. Apparent and anti-trapping horizons are timelike surfaces of intermediately singular behavior, which manifests itself in negative energy density firewalls. These and other properties are also present in axially symmetric solutions. Different generalizations of surface gravity to dynamic spacetimes are discordant and do not match the semiclassical results. We conclude by discussing signatures of these models and implications for the identification of observed ultra-compact objects.
description: 89 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Invited review published in International Journal of Modern Physics D (World Scientific). Fixed typo in the second term of Eq. (C.5). Comments welcome!
Elucidating the Interdependence of Drug Resistance from Combinations of Mutations
Creators: name: Ragland, D.A.
name: Lee, S.-K.
name: Zeldovich, K.B.
name: Whitfield, T.W.
name: Schiffer, C.A.
name: Kurt-Yilmaz, N.
name: Swanstrom, R.
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society
Year: 2017

description: HIV-1 protease is responsible for the cleavage of 12 nonhomologous sites within the Gag and Gag-Pro-Pol polyproteins in the viral genome. Under the selective pressure of protease inhibition, the virus evolves mutations within (primary) and outside of (secondary) the active site, allowing the protease to process substrates while simultaneously countering inhibition. The primary protease mutations impede inhibitor binding directly, while the secondary mutations are considered accessory mutations that compensate for a loss in fitness. However, the role of secondary mutations in conferring drug resistance remains a largely unresolved topic. We have shown previously that mutations distal to the active site are able to perturb binding of darunavir (DRV) via the protein's internal hydrogen-bonding network. In this study, we show that mutations distal to the active site, regardless of context, can play an interdependent role in drug resistance. Applying eigenvalue decomposition to collections of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions from a series of molecular dynamics simulations of 15 diverse HIV-1 protease variants, we identify sites in the protease where amino acid substitutions lead to perturbations in nonbonded interactions with DRV and/or the hydrogen-bonding network of the protease itself. While primary mutations are known to drive resistance in HIV-1 protease, these findings delineate the significant contributions of accessory mutations to resistance. Identifying the variable positions in the protease that have the greatest impact on drug resistance may aid in future structure-based design of inhibitors. © 2017 American Chemical Society.
Awareness of Between-ness: Photographic investigations of an intercultural experience of time, space and memory
Creators: name: Watanabe, Miho
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2023

description: This practice-led research focuses on Awareness of Between-ness, the name of a concept I use to reference the space between a subject, camera and artist. Between-ness in my practice is also philosophical. As a Japanese-Australian artist, through photography, drawing and painting, Between-ness explores the real and non-real, reconnecting my heritage and culture, as well as Japanese aesthetics and philosophy. My research investigates and theorises Awareness of Between-ness in the context of the Japanese aesthetic of ma. It asks, how can this concept deepen and support the visualisation of the invisible, the subject of in-between and Between-ness, and what methodology can be discovered raise Between-ness as a full protagonist. The conceptualisation and theorisation of Between-ness and its practice reveals the importance of creating place, translucency, visibility and invisibility, and a balance between an accidental and determined mark-making. The methodology behind my research extends art practice into a philosophical realm that creates spectator space. Using my own in-between cultural aesthetic of ma, different cultural aesthetics could be equally applied by other artists who are also in between cultures and seek ways of communicating space. The final project, Awareness of Between-ness: Memory and Time, uses the technical, methodological, theoretical and conceptual findings of my research, and photographic based artworks, to create "place" to display the invisible subject, Between-ness, in a space where spectators would experience entering into Between-ness
Polarizable embedding complex polarization propagator in four- and two-component frameworks
Creators: name: Creutzberg, Joel
name: Hedegård, Erik D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Explicit embedding methods combined with the complex polarization propagator (CPP) enable modeling of spectroscopy for increasingly complex systems with a high density of states. We present the first derivation and implementation of the CPP in four- and exact two-component (X2C) polarizable embedding (PE) frameworks. We denote the developed methods PE-4c-CPP and PE-X2C-CPP, respectively. We illustrate the methods by estimating the solvent effect on UV-vis and X-ray atomic absorption (XAS) spectra of [Rh(H2O)6]3+ and [Ir(H2O)6]3+ immersed in aqueous solution. We moreover estimate solvent effects on UV-vis spectra of a platinum complex that can be photo-chemically activated (in water) to kill cancer cells. Our results clearly show that inclusion of the environment is required: UV-vis and (to a lesser degree) XAS spectra can become qualitatively different from vacuum calculations. Comparison of PE-4c-CPP and PE-X2C-CPP methods shows that X2C essentially reproduces the solvent effect obtained with the 4c methods.
description: Revised version
String-Inspired Infinite-Derivative Theories of Gravity: A Brief Overview
Creators: name: Biswas, Tirthabir
name: Talaganis, Spyridon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In String Theory there often appears a rather interesting class of higher derivative theories containing an infinite set of derivatives in the form of an exponential. These theories may provide a way to tame ultraviolet divergences without introducing ghost-like states. In this invited article we provide a brief overview on the progress that has been made over the last decade to construct such infinite derivative theories of gravity which may be able to address the singularity problems in gravity. In the process we will also be able to present some general results that applies to covariant torsion-free metric theories of gravity.
description: 22 pages. Accepted review article in "New trends in theory of gravity," Mod. Phys. Lett. A, v2: very minor changes
САХАРНЫЙ ДИАБЕТ
Creators: name: Номозова, Севинч
name: Халилова, Севинч
name: Мусаев, Обид
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Сахарный диабет является одним из самых распространенных заболеваний в мире. Ниже мы расскажем о происхождении, методах диагностики, профилактики и причинах болезни.
Vertheia quadrisetosa Jałoszyński & Perkovsky, 2016, sp. n.
Creators: name: Jałoszyński, Paweł
name: Perkovsky, Evgeny
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Vertheia
Vertheia quadrisetosa

description: † Vertheia quadrisetosa sp. n.
(Figs 2, 49–55)
Type material. Holotype: Late Eocene of Europe, Rovno amber: sex unknown; inclusion in elongate, dropshaped piece of amber 14 mm long (Fig. 2), collection number K-243 (SIZK).
Diagnosis. As for genus; additionally pronotum with two pairs of long lateral setae and EI nearly 1.3. Description. Body (Figs 49–55) elongate and flatten, brown; BL 0.98 mm.
Head (Figs 49–54) broadest at large eyes, HL 0.15 mm, HW 0.25 mm; vertex and frons together nearly subquadrate; supraantennal tubercles indistinct. Punctures on head fine and unremarkable, setae only partly visible (Fig. 54), sparse, short and suberect, except for pair of remarkably long setae, each inserted near posteromesal margin of compound eye (Fig. 54). Antennae (Figs 49–54) about 0.4 × as long as body, AnL 0.40 mm, scape and pedicel strongly elongate, antennomeres III–X slightly to strongly transverse, XI about as long as IX–X together, about as broad as X, with blunt apex.
Pronotum (Figs 49–50, 52, 53–54) subrectangular; PL 0.28 mm, PW 0.30 mm; pronotal disc broadest near anterior third, sides near posterior third indistinctly concave; transverse antebasal groove (Fig. 53; abg) seems not connected to lateral antebasal impressions (Fig. 53; abi). Each lateral pronotal margin with two long setae located in median region; pronotum with shallow but distinct punctures separated by spaces subequal to two diameters of punctures; setae sparse, moderately long, nearly recumbent (Fig. 54).
Elytra (Figs 49–50, 53–54) elongate oval, flattened, EL 0.55 mm, EW 0.43 mm, EI 1.29; punctures slightly denser than those on pronotal disc; setae similar to those on pronotum (Fig. 54).
Legs (Fig. 55) moderately long, slender, unmodified.
Etymology. The name quadrisetosa refers to the long paired setae on sides of the pronotum.
description: Published as part of Jałoszyński, Paweł & Perkovsky, Evgeny, 2016, Diversity of Scydmaeninae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Upper Eocene Rovno amber, pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 4157 (1) on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4157.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/262413
Quantum Polarimetry
Creators: name: Goldberg, Aaron Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarization is one of light's most versatile degrees of freedom for both classical and quantum applications. The ability to measure light's state of polarization and changes therein is thus essential; this is the science of polarimetry. It has become ever more apparent in recent years that the quantum nature of light's polarization properties is crucial, from explaining experiments with single or few photons to understanding the implications of quantum theory on classical polarization properties. We present a self-contained overview of quantum polarimetry, including discussions of classical and quantum polarization, their transformations, and measurements thereof. We use this platform to elucidate key concepts that are neglected when polarization and polarimetry are considered only from classical perspectives.
description: 50 pages; similar to published version
Magnetic phase diagram of an Fe monolayer on W(110) and Ta(110) surfaces based on ab initio calculations
Creators: name: Rózsa, Levente
name: Udvardi, László
name: Szunyogh, László
name: Szabó, István A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present detailed investigations of the magnetic properties of an Fe monolayer on W and Ta (110) surfaces based on the ab initio screened Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method. By calculating tensorial exchange coupling coefficients, the ground states of the systems are determined using atomistic spin dynamics simulations. Different types of ground states are found in the systems as a function of relaxation of the Fe layer. In case of W(110) substrate this is reflected in a reorientation of the easy axis from in-plane to out-of-plane. For Ta(110) a switching appears from the ferromagnetic state to a cycloidal spin spiral state, then to another spin spiral state with a larger wave vector and, for large relaxations, a rotation of the normal vector of the spin spiral is found. Classical Monte Carlo simulations indicate temperature-induced transitions between the different magnetic phases observed in the Fe/Ta(110) system. These phase transitions are analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively by finite-temperature spin wave theory.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
Circulating Genuine Multiparty Entanglement in Quantum Network
Creators: name: Halder, Pritam
name: Banerjee, Ratul
name: Ghosh, Srijon
name: Pal, Amit Kumar
name: De, Aditi Sen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a deterministic scheme of generating genuine multiparty entangled states in quantum networks of arbitrary size having various geometric structures -- we refer to it as entanglement circulation. The procedure involves optimization over a set of two-qubit arbitrary unitary operators and the entanglement of the initial resource state. We report that the set of unitary operators that maximize the genuine multipartite entanglement quantified via generalized geometric measure (GGM) is not unique. We prove that the GGM of the resulting state of arbitrary qubits coincides with the minimum GGM of the initial resource states. By fixing the output state as the six-qubit one, we find the optimal way to create such states according to the available resource. Moreover, we show that the method proposed here can be implemented by using logic gates, or by using the time dynamics of realizable spin Hamiltonians. In case of an ordered system, GGM varies periodically with time while the evolution via disordered models lead to a low but constant multipartite entanglement in outputs at a critical time, which decreases exponentially with the increase of the strength of the disorder.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, v2: Close to the published version