cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficient fault-tolerant implementations of non-Clifford gates with reconfigurable atom arrays
Creators: name: Wang, Yi-Fei
name: Wang, Yixu
name: Chen, Yu-An
name: Zhang, Wenjun
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Hu, Jiazhong
name: Chen, Wenlan
name: Gu, Yingfei
name: Liu, Zi-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To achieve scalable universal quantum computing, we need to implement a universal set of logical gates fault-tolerantly, for which the main difficulty lies with non-Clifford gates. We demonstrate that several characteristic features of the reconfigurable atom array platform are inherently well-suited for addressing this key challenge, potentially leading to significant advantages in fidelity and efficiency. Specifically, we consider a series of different strategies including magic state distillation, concatenated code array, and fault-tolerant logical multi-controlled-$Z$ gates, leveraging key platform features such as non-local connectivity, parallel gate action, collective mobility, and native multi-controlled-$Z$ gates. Our analysis provides valuable insights into the efficient experimental realization of logical gates, serving as a guide for the full-cycle demonstration of fault-tolerant quantum computation with reconfigurable atom arrays.
title: Zu den Städtebautheorien von R. Unwin bis E. May : Anmerkungen zum geschichtlichen Hintergrund
Creators: name: Hanna, John
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Städtebau
subject: Stadtplanung
subject: Architekturtheorie
subject: 720

description: Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1989 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung. Sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Auswirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit. Zum 100. Geburtstag von Hannes Meyer'
description: Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung, sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Wirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit: 5. Internationales Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar 1989, vol. 36, 1990, no. 1-3, p. 59
description: Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen Weimar, vol. 36, 1990, no. 1-3, p. 59
Statistical hierarchy of varying speed of light cosmologies
Creators: name: Salzano, Vincenzo
name: Dabrowski, Mariusz P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variation of the speed of light is quite a debated issue in cosmology with some benefits, but also with some controversial concerns. Many approaches to develop a consistent varying speed of light (VSL) theory have been developed recently. Although a lot of theoretical debate has sprout out about their feasibility and reliability, the most obvious and straightforward way to discriminate and check if such theories are really workable has been missed out or not fully employed. What is meant here is the comparison of these theories with observational data in a fully comprehensive way. In this paper we try to address this point i.e., by using the most updated cosmological probes, we test three different candidates for a VSL theory (Barrow \& Magueijo, Avelino \& Martins, and Moffat) signal. We consider many different ansätze for both the functional form of $c(z)$ (which cannot be fixed by theoretical motivations) and for the dark energy dynamics, in order to have a clear global picture from which we extract the results. We compare these results using a reliable statistical tool such as the Bayesian Evidence. We find that the present cosmological data is perfectly compatible with any of these VSL scenarios, but in one case (Moffat model) we have a higher Bayesian Evidence ratio in favour of VSL than in the standard $c=$ constant $Λ$CDM scenario. Moreover, in such a scenario, the VSL signal can help to strengthen constraints on the spatial curvature (with indication toward an open universe), to clarify some properties of dark energy (exclusion of a cosmological constant at $2σ$ level) and is also falsifiable in the nearest future due to some peculiar issues which differentiate this model from the standard model. Finally, we have applied some priors which come from cosmology and, in particular, from information theory and gravitational thermodynamics.
description: 16 pages, 7 tables. New section about priors has been added. Comments are welcome
LLT polynomials, chromatic quasisymmetric functions and graphs with cycles
Creators: name: Alexandersson, Per
name: Panova, Greta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E05, 05A19

description: We use a Dyck path model for unit-interval graphs to study the chromatic quasisymmetric functions introduced by Shareshian and Wachs, as well as vertical strip --- in particular, unicellular LLT polynomials. We show that there are parallel phenomena regarding $e$-positivity of these two families of polynomials. In particular, we give several examples where the LLT polynomials behave like a "mirror image" of the chromatic quasisymmetric counterpart. The Dyck path model is also extended to circular arc digraphs to obtain larger families of polynomials. This circular extensions of LLT polynomials has not been studied before. A lot of the combinatorics regarding unit interval graphs carries over to this more general setting, and we prove several statements regarding the $e$-coefficients of chromatic quasisymmetric functions and LLT polynomials. In particular, we believe that certain $e$-positivity conjectures hold in all these families above. Furthermore, we study vertical-strip LLT polynomials, for which there is no natural chromatic quasisymmetric counterpart. These polynomials are essentially modified Hall--Littlewood polynomials, and are therefore of special interest. In this more general framework, we are able to give a natural combinatorial interpretation for the $e$-coefficients for the line graph and the cycle graph, in both the chromatic and the LLT setting.
description: 39 pages
title: Fordismus und Städtebau um 1930 - "Auflösung" oder "Auflockerung" der Großstadt?
Creators: name: Fehl, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Städtebau
subject: Fordismus
subject: 720

description: Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 27. bis 30. Juni 1989 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: ‚Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung. Sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Auswirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit. Zum 100. Geburtstag von Hannes Meyer'
description: Produktivkraftentwicklung und Umweltgestaltung, sozialer und wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt in ihren Wirkungen auf Architektur und industrielle Formgestaltung in unserer Zeit: 5. Internationales Bauhaus-Kolloquium Weimar 1989, vol. 36, 1990, no. 1-3, p. 61
description: Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen Weimar, vol. 36, 1990, no. 1-3, p. 61
Four-Dimensional N=2 Supersymmetric Theory with Boundary as a Two-Dimensional Complex Toda Theory
Creators: name: Luo, Yuan
name: Tan, Meng-Chwan
name: Vasko, Petr
name: Zhao, Qin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a series of dimensional reductions of the 6d, $\mathcal{N}=(2,0)$ SCFT on $S^2\timesΣ\times I\times S^1$ down to 2d on $Σ$. The reductions are performed in three steps: (i) a reduction on $S^1$ (accompanied by a topological twist along $Σ$) leading to a supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on $S^2\timesΣ\times I$, (ii) a further reduction on $S^2$ resulting in a complex Chern--Simons theory defined on $Σ\times I$, with the real part of the complex Chern-Simons level being zero, and the imaginary part being proportional to the ratio of the radii of $S^2$ and $S^1$, and (iii) a final reduction to the boundary modes of complex Chern--Simons theory with the Nahm pole boundary condition at both ends of the interval $I$, which gives rise to a complex Toda CFT on the Riemann surface $Σ$. As the reduction of the 6d theory on $Σ$ would give rise to an $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric theory on $S^2\times I\times S^1$, our results imply a 4d-2d duality between four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric theory with boundary and two-dimensional complex Toda theory.
description: 29 pages, minor changes, published version
A Monte Carlo wavefunction description of losses in a 1D Bose gas and cooling to the ground state by quantum feedback
Creators: name: Schemmer, Maximilian
name: Johnson, Aisling
name: Photopoulos, Raphael
name: Bouchoule, Isabelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of atom losses on a homogeneous one-dimensional Bose gas lying within the quasi-condensate regime is investigated using a Monte Carlo wavefunction approach. The evolution of the system is calculated, conditioned by the loss sequence, namely the times of individual losses and the position of the removed atoms. We describe the gas within the linearized Bogoliubov approach. For each mode, we find that, for a given quantum trajectory, the state of the system converges towards a coherent state, i.e. the ground state, displaced in phase space. Provided losses are recorded with a temporal and spatially resolved detector, we show that quantum feedback can be implemented and cooling to the ground state of one or several modes can be realized.
On nearsightedness in metallic systems for $\mathcal{O}(N)$ Density Functional Theory calculations: A case study on Aluminum
Creators: name: Suryanarayana, Phanish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the locality of electronic interactions in aluminum as a function of smearing/electronic temperature in the context of $\mathcal{O}(N)$ Density Functional Theory calculations. Specifically, we determine the convergence in energy and atomic forces with truncation region size for smearing of $0.001-0.15$ Ha. We find exponential convergence accompanied by a rate that increases sub-linearly with smearing, with truncation region sizes of $48-64$ Bohr required to achieve chemical accuracy for typical smearing values of $0.001-0.01$ Ha. This translates to $\mathcal{O}(N)$ scaling for systems larger than $\mathcal{O}(1000)$ atoms.
description: 12 pages, 5 Figures, 1 Table
Line Operators in the Standard Model
Creators: name: Tong, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is an ambiguity in the gauge group of the Standard Model. The group is $G = SU(3) \times SU(2) \times U(1)/Γ$, where $Γ$ is a subgroup of ${\bf Z}_6$ which cannot be determined by current experiments. We describe how the electric, magnetic and dyonic line operators of the theory depend on the choice of $Γ$. We also explain how the periodicity of the theta angles, associated to each factor of $G$, differ.
description: 17 pages. 5 figures. v2: typos corrected
Tidal disruptions by rotating black holes: relativistic hydrodynamics with Newtonian codes
Creators: name: Tejeda, Emilio
name: Gafton, Emanuel
name: Rosswog, Stephan
name: Miller, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an approximate approach for studying the relativistic regime of stellar tidal disruptions by rotating massive black holes. It combines an exact relativistic description of the hydrodynamical evolution of a test fluid in a fixed curved spacetime with a Newtonian treatment of the fluid's self-gravity. Explicit expressions for the equations of motion are derived for Kerr spacetime using two different coordinate systems. We implement the new methodology within an existing Newtonian Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics code and show that including the additional physics involves very little extra computational cost. We carefully explore the validity of the novel approach by first testing its ability to recover geodesic motion, and then by comparing the outcome of tidal disruption simulations against previous relativistic studies. We further compare simulations in Boyer--Lindquist and Kerr--Schild coordinates and conclude that our approach allows accurate simulation even of tidal disruption events where the star penetrates deeply inside the tidal radius of a rotating black hole. Finally, we use the new method to study the effect of the black hole spin on the morphology and fallback rate of the debris streams resulting from tidal disruptions, finding that while the spin has little effect on the fallback rate, it does imprint heavily on the stream morphology, and can even be a determining factor in the survival or disruption of the star itself. Our methodology is discussed in detail as a reference for future astrophysical applications.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2017
Nonequilibrium steady states and transient dynamics of conventional superconductors under phonon driving
Creators: name: Murakami, Yuta
name: Tsuji, Naoto
name: Eckstein, Martin
name: Werner, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a systematic analysis of the influence of phonon driving on the superconducting Holstein model coupled to heat baths by studying both the transient dynamics and the nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) in the weak and strong electron-phonon coupling regimes. Our study is based on the nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory, and for the NESS we present a Floquet formulation adapted to electron-phonon systems. The analysis of the phonon propagator suggests that the effective attractive interaction can be strongly enhanced in a parametric resonant regime because of the Floquet side bands of phonons. While this may be expected to enhance the superconductivity (SC), our fully self-consistent calculations, which include the effects of heating and nonthermal distributions, show that the parametric phonon driving generically results in a suppression or complete melting of the SC order. In the strong coupling regime, the NESS always shows a suppression of the SC gap, the SC order parameter and the superfluid density as a result of the driving, and this tendency is most prominent at the parametric resonance. Using the real-time nonequilibrium DMFT formalism, we also study the dynamics towards the NESS, which shows that the heating effect dominates the transient dynamics, and SC is weakened by the external modulations, in particular at the parametric resonance. In the weak coupling regime, we find that the SC fluctuations above the transition temperature are generally weakened under the driving. The strongest suppression occurs again around the parametric resonances because of the efficient energy absorption.
description: 21 pages, 20 figures
Constraints on Two Higgs Doublet Model Parameters in the light of rare $B$-Decays
Creators: name: Hussain, Mureed
name: Usman, Muhammad
name: Paracha, Muhammad Ali
name: Aslam, Muhammad Jamil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We established the allowed parameters of two-Higgs doublet model(2HDM) from flavor physics observables, precisely from rare $B$ meson decays. In our analysis most formidable constraints on the 2HDM parameters arise from the branching ratio of rare radiative $B$ meson decay i.e., $B\to X_{s}γ$. However, the constraints arising from the branching ratio of $B_{s}\toμ^{+}μ^{-}$ decay in $m_{H^{\pm}}-\tanβ$ plane give $m_{H^{\pm}} >$ 80 GeV for the value of $\tanβ\sim 2$, that is in agreement with large electron-positron collider (LEP) data. Furthermore, we also investigate the bounds on the $CP$-even $m_{H}$ and $CP$-odd $m_{A^{0}}$ Higgs boson not only from above mentioned physical observables, but also from the zero crossing of the forward-backward asymmetry of $B\to K^{\ast}μ^{+}μ^{-}$ decay. Therefore, these bounds on parameters of the 2HDM will provides a fertile ground to test the 2HDM at current and future $B$-physics experiments.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, added some references
Driven Bose-Hubbard Model with a Parametrically Modulated Harmonic Trap
Creators: name: Mann, N.
name: Bakhtiari, M. Reza
name: Massel, F.
name: Pelster, A.
name: Thorwart, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model in a parametrically driven global harmonic trap. The delicate interplay of both the local atom interaction and the global driving allows to control the dynamical stability of the trapped quantum many-body state. The mechanism is illustrated for weak interaction by a discretized Gross-Pitaevskii equation within a Gaussian variational ansatz, yielding to a Mathieu equation for the condensate width. The parametric resonance condition can be tuned by the atom interaction strength. For stronger interaction, this mechanism is confirmed by results of the numerically exact time-evolving block decimation scheme. The global modulation also induces an effective time-independent inhomogeneous hopping strength for the atoms.
title: Abadie's Kappa and Weighting Estimators of the Local Average Treatment Effect
Creators: name: Sloczynski, Tymon
name: Uysal, Derya
name: Wooldridge, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2023

description: In this paper we study the finite sample and asymptotic properties of various weighting estimators of the local average treatment effect (LATE), several of which are based on Abadie's (2003) kappa theorem. Our framework presumes a binary treatment and a binary instrument, which may only be valid after conditioning on additional covariates. We argue that one of the Abadie estimators, which is weight normalized, is preferable in many contexts. Several other estimators, which are unnormalized, do not generally satisfy the properties of scale invariance with respect to the natural logarithm and translation invariance, thereby exhibiting sensitivity to the units of measurement when estimating the LATE in logs and the centering of the outcome variable more generally. On the other hand, when noncompliance is one-sided, certain unnormalized estimators have the advantage of being based on a denominator that is bounded away from zero. To reconcile these findings, we demonstrate that when the instrument propensity score is estimated using an appropriate covariate balancing approach, the resulting normalized estimator also shares this advantage. We use a simulation study and three empirical applications to illustrate our findings. In two cases, the unnormalized estimates are clearly unreasonable, with ``incorrect'' signs, magnitudes, or both.
Design Criteria to Architect Continuous Experimentation for Self-Driving Vehicles
Creators: name: Giaimo, Federico
name: Berger, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The software powering today's vehicles surpasses mechatronics as the dominating engineering challenge due to its fast evolving and innovative nature. In addition, the software and system architecture for upcoming vehicles with automated driving functionality is already processing ~750MB/s - corresponding to over 180 simultaneous 4K-video streams from popular video-on-demand services. Hence, self-driving cars will run so much software to resemble "small data centers on wheels" rather than just transportation vehicles. Continuous Integration, Deployment, and Experimentation have been successfully adopted for software-only products as enabling methodology for feedback-based software development. For example, a popular search engine conducts ~250 experiments each day to improve the software based on its users' behavior. This work investigates design criteria for the software architecture and the corresponding software development and deployment process for complex cyber-physical systems, with the goal of enabling Continuous Experimentation as a way to achieve continuous software evolution. Our research involved reviewing related literature on the topic to extract relevant design requirements. The study is concluded by describing the software development and deployment process and software architecture adopted by our self-driving vehicle laboratory, both based on the extracted criteria.
description: Copyright 2017 IEEE. Paper submitted and accepted at the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture. 8 pages, 2 figures. Published in IEEE Xplore Digital Library, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7930218/
An accelerated splitting algorithm for radio-interferometric imaging: when natural and uniform weighting meet
Creators: name: Onose, Alexandru
name: Dabbech, Arwa
name: Wiaux, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Next generation radio-interferometers, like the Square Kilometre Array, will acquire tremendous amounts of data with the goal of improving the size and sensitivity of the reconstructed images by orders of magnitude. The efficient processing of large-scale data sets is of great importance. We propose an acceleration strategy for a recently proposed primal-dual distributed algorithm. A preconditioning approach can incorporate into the algorithmic structure both the sampling density of the measured visibilities and the noise statistics. Using the sampling density information greatly accelerates the convergence speed, especially for highly non-uniform sampling patterns, while relying on the correct noise statistics optimises the sensitivity of the reconstruction. In connection to CLEAN, our approach can be seen as including in the same algorithmic structure both natural and uniform weighting, thereby simultaneously optimising both the resolution and the sensitivity. The method relies on a new non-Euclidean proximity operator for the data fidelity term, that generalises the projection onto the $\ell_2$ ball where the noise lives for naturally weighted data, to the projection onto a generalised ellipsoid incorporating sampling density information through uniform weighting. Importantly, this non-Euclidean modification is only an acceleration strategy to solve the convex imaging problem with data fidelity dictated only by noise statistics. We showcase through simulations with realistic sampling patterns the acceleration obtained using the preconditioning. We also investigate the algorithm performance for the reconstruction of the 3C129 radio galaxy from real visibilities and compare with multi-scale CLEAN, showing better sensitivity and resolution. Our MATLAB code is available online on GitHub.
On Generalized Gibbs Ensembles with an infinite set of conserved charges
Creators: name: Pozsgay, B.
name: Vernier, E.
name: Werner, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the question of whether and how the steady states arising after non-equilibrium time evolution in integrable models (and in particular in the XXZ spin chain) can be described by the so-called Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE). It is known that the micro-canonical ensemble built on a complete set of charges correctly describes the long-time limit of local observables, and recently a canonical ensemble was built by Ilievski et. al. using particle occupation number operators. Here we provide an alternative construction by considering truncated GGE's (tGGE's) that only include a finite number of well localized conserved operators. It is shown that the tGGE's can approximate the steady states with arbitrary precision, i.e. all physical observables are exactly reproduced in the infinite truncation limit. In addition, we show that a complete canonical ensemble can in fact be built in terms of a new (discrete) set of charges built as linear combinations of the standard ones. Our general arguments are applied to concrete quench situations in the XXZ chain, where the initial states are simple two-site or four-site product states. Depending on the quench we find that numerical results for the local correlators can be obtained with remarkable precision using truncated GGE's with only 10-100 charges.
description: 31 pages
Detection of the atmosphere of the 1.6 Earth mass exoplanet GJ 1132b
Creators: name: Southworth, John
name: Mancini, Luigi
name: Madhusudhan, Nikku
name: Molliere, Paul
name: Ciceri, Simona
name: Henning, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detecting the atmospheres of low-mass low-temperature exoplanets is a high-priority goal on the path to ultimately detect biosignatures in the atmospheres of habitable exoplanets. High-precision HST observations of several super-Earths with equilibrium temperatures below 1000K have to date all resulted in featureless transmission spectra, which have been suggested to be due to high-altitude clouds. We report the detection of an atmospheric feature in the atmosphere of a 1.6 Mearth transiting exoplanet, GJ 1132b, with an equilibrium temperature of ~600K and orbiting a nearby M dwarf. We present observations of nine transits of the planet obtained simultaneously in the griz and JHK passbands. We find an average radius of 1.43 +/- 0.16 Rearth for the planet, averaged over all the passbands, and a radius of 0.255 +/- 0.023 Rsun for the star, both of which are significantly greater than previously found. The planet radius can be decomposed into a "surface radius" at ~1.375 Rearth overlaid by atmospheric features which increase the observed radius in the z and K bands. The z-band radius is 4sigma higher than the continuum, suggesting a strong detection of an atmosphere. We deploy a suite of tests to verify the reliability of the transmission spectrum, which are greatly helped by the existence of repeat observations. The large z-band transit depth indicates strong opacity from H2O and/or CH4 or a hitherto unconsidered opacity. A surface radius of 1.375 +/- 0.16 Rearth allows for a wide range of interior compositions ranging from a nearly Earth-like rocky interior, with ~70% silicate and ~30% Fe, to a substantially H2O-rich water world.
description: 13 pages, 10 colour figures, 5 tables. Submitted on 2016/12/05. Version 2 is the version accepted for publication by AJ on 2017/02/28
Fulk, Brandon - Masters Thesis.pdf
Creators: name: Fulk, Brandon M.
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Construction engineering
Engineering education

description: The thesis aims to evaluate (ground) and influence (inform) the intersection of the Construction Engineering Education (CEE) field with Engineering Education (ENE) by evaluating three research objectives: Does literature indicate that CEE (Construction Engineering Education) in the US higher education system actively integrate established ENE (Engineering Education) Recommended Practices (RP) pedagogically? Does Purdue’s Division of Construction Engineering and Management (CEM) incorporate Engineering Education Recommended Practices? Can Engineering Education Recommended Practices be applied to CEM courses? The framework developed to evaluate the research objectives established a mixed-method research approach that employed systematic literature review and action research. The author is motivated to provide students with authentic and centered experiences allowing students to attempt complex activities and fail with a controlled environment before entering the AEC profession. The volume of literature discovered in the research indicates an opportunity to implement and promote ENE RP. The deployment of the CEE-accepted ENE RP demonstrates the agility and impact of the RP options. As a result, the author’s work contributes to the growth of the CEE field, the development of CEM courses implementing ENE RP, and the engagement of the construction student.
Evidence for a Field-induced Quantum Spin Liquid in $α$-RuCl$_3$
Creators: name: Baek, S. -H.
name: Do, S. -H.
name: Choi, K. -Y.
name: Kwon, Y. S.
name: Wolter, A. U. B.
name: Nishimoto, S.
name: Brink, Jeroen van den
name: Büchner, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a $^{35}$Cl nuclear magnetic resonance study in the honeycomb lattice, $α$-RuCl$_3$, a material that has been suggested to potentially realize a Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL) ground state. Our results provide direct evidence that $α$-RuCl$_3$ exhibits a magnetic field-induced QSL. For fields larger than $\sim 10$ T a spin-gap opens up while resonance lines remain sharp, evidencing that spins are quantum disordered and locally fluctuating. The spin gap increases linearly with increasing magnetic field, reaching $\sim50$ K at 15 T, and is nearly isotropic with respect to the field direction. The unusual rapid increase of the spin gap with increasing field and its isotropic nature are incompatible with conventional magnetic ordering and in particular exclude that the ground state is a fully polarized ferromagnet. The presence of such a field-induced, gapped QSL phase has indeed been predicted in the Kitaev model.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures ; published in PRL
Using stacking to average Bayesian predictive distributions
Creators: name: Yao, Yuling
name: Vehtari, Aki
name: Simpson, Daniel
name: Gelman, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The widely recommended procedure of Bayesian model averaging is flawed in the M-open setting in which the true data-generating process is not one of the candidate models being fit. We take the idea of stacking from the point estimation literature and generalize to the combination of predictive distributions, extending the utility function to any proper scoring rule, using Pareto smoothed importance sampling to efficiently compute the required leave-one-out posterior distributions and regularization to get more stability. We compare stacking of predictive distributions to several alternatives: stacking of means, Bayesian model averaging (BMA), pseudo-BMA using AIC-type weighting, and a variant of pseudo-BMA that is stabilized using the Bayesian bootstrap. Based on simulations and real-data applications, we recommend stacking of predictive distributions, with BB-pseudo-BMA as an approximate alternative when computation cost is an issue.
title: Kalman filter based ranging and clock synchronization for ultra wide band sensor networks
Creators: name: Senevirathna, Nushen M.
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2020

description: This Thesis presents the design, implementation, and validation of a Kalman filterbased range estimation technique to precisely calculate the inter-node ranges of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) modules. In addition to that the development and validation of an improved global clock synchronization framework is presented. Noise characteristics of relative time measurements of a stationary UWB anchor pair are first analyzed using an Allan deviation plot. To track the propagation of the imprecise clocks on low cost UWB transceiver platforms, Kalman filters are used in between every anchor pair. These filters track the variation of a remote anchor’s hardware clock relative to it’s own hardware clock, while estimating the time of flight between the anchor pair as a filter state. While adhering to a simple round robin transmission schedule, both inbound and outbound message timestamp data are used to update the filter. These measurements have made the time of flight observable in the chosen state space. A faster relative clock filter convergence has been achieved with the inclusion of the clock offset ratio as a measurement additional to the timestamps. Furthermore, a modified gradient clock synchronization algorithm is used to achieve global clock synchronization throughout the network. A correction term is used in the gradient clock synchronization algorithm to enforce the global clock rate to converge at the average of individual clock rates while achieving asymptotic stability in clock rate error state. Stability of the original and modified methods for time invariant hardware clocks are compared using eigenvalue tests. Experiments are conducted to evaluate synchronization and ranging accuracy of the proposed range estimation approach.
The influence of contrarians in the dynamics of opinion formation
Creators: name: Gambaro, Joao Paulo
name: Crokidakis, Nuno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we consider the presence of contrarian agents in discrete 3-state kinetic exchange opinion models. The contrarians are individuals that adopt the choice opposite to the prevailing choice of their contacts, whatever this choice is. We consider binary as well as three-agent interactions, with stochastic parameters, in a fully-connected population. Our numerical results suggest that the presence of contrarians destroys the absorbing state of the original model, changing the transition to the para-ferromagnetic type. In this case, the consequence for the society is that the three opinions coexist in the population, in both phases (ordered and disordered). Furthermore, the order-disorder transition is suppressed for a sufficient large fraction of contrarians. In some cases the transition is discontinuous, and it changes to continuous before it is suppressed. Some of our results are complemented by analytical calculations based on the master equation.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Physica A
Electron efficiency measurements with the ATLAS detector using 2012 LHC proton-proton collision data
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the algorithms for the reconstruction and identification of electrons in the central region of the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These algorithms were used for all ATLAS results with electrons in the final state that are based on the 2012 pp collision data produced by the LHC at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}$ = 8 TeV. The efficiency of these algorithms, together with the charge misidentification rate, is measured in data and evaluated in simulated samples using electrons from $Z\rightarrow ee$, $Z\rightarrow eeγ$ and $J/ψ\rightarrow ee$ decays. For these efficiency measurements, the full recorded data set, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{-1}$, is used. Based on a new reconstruction algorithm used in 2012, the electron reconstruction efficiency is 97% for electrons with $E_\mathrm{T}=15$ GeV and 99% at $E_\mathrm{T} = 50$ GeV. Combining this with the efficiency of additional selection criteria to reject electrons from background processes or misidentified hadrons, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify electrons at the ATLAS experiment varies from 65% to 95%, depending on the transverse momentum of the electron and background rejection.
description: 65 pages in total, author list starting page 49, 24 figures, 3 tables. Published in EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/PERF-2016-01
title: Voluntary recruitment in Scotland, 1914-1916
Creators: name: Young, Derek Rutherford
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2001

description: The belief that Scotland showed undue patriotism by providing a high proportion of volunteers in 1914-16 needs to be looked at in a new light. While the New Armies of 1914-16 may have been volunteer in concept, they were not volunteer in actuality, and, while there was no doubt a proportion of men in Scotland, as elsewhere in the British Empire, who were prepared to come forward for purely altruistic or 'patriotic' ideals, the majority enlisted for more practical or realistic reasons. External forces either pushed or pulled those men and enticed or forced them to enlist. Previous analyses have been primarily top down. We know how many men served, and with what units, but not why. This thesis is an investigation of Scottish recruitment from the bottom up, to determine whether or not those who enlisted came from any particular section of Scottish society. This investigates and explains the driving forces behind voluntary recruitment in Scotland, August 1914 - December 1915, its methods, course taken, and its impact on the country as a whole.
Four-center bubbled BPS solutions with a Gibbons-Hawking base
Creators: name: Heidmann, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct four-center bubbled BPS solutions with a Gibbons-Hawking base space. We give a systematic procedure to build scaling solutions: starting from three-supertube configurations and using generalized spectral flows and gauge transformations to extend to solutions with four Gibbons-Hawking centers. This allows us to construct very large families of smooth horizonless solutions that have the same charges and angular momentum as supersymmetric black holes with a macroscopically large horizon area. Our construction reveals that all scaling solutions with four Gibbons Hawking centers have an angular momentum at around 99% of the cosmic censorship bound. We give both an analytical and a numerical explanation for this unexpected feature.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures; v2: minor corrections
Anisotropic skyrmion and multi-$q$ spin dynamics in centrosymmetric Gd$_2$PdSi$_3$
Creators: name: Gomilšek, M.
name: Hicken, T. J.
name: Wilson, M. N.
name: Franke, K. J. A.
name: Huddart, B. M.
name: Štefančič, A.
name: Holt, S. J. R.
name: Balakrishnan, G.
name: Mayoh, D. A.
name: Birch, M. T.
name: Moody, S. H.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Guguchia, Z.
name: Telling, M. T. F.
name: Baker, P. J.
name: Clark, S. J.
name: Lancaster, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Skyrmions are particle-like vortices of magnetization with non-trivial topology, which are usually stabilized by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMI) in noncentrosymmetric bulk materials. Exceptions are centrosymmetric Gd- and Eu-based skyrmion-lattice (SkL) hosts with zero DMI, where both the SkL stabilization mechanisms and magnetic ground states remain controversial. We address these here by investigating both the static and dynamical spin properties of the centrosymmetric SkL host Gd$_2$PdSi$_3$ using muon spectroscopy ($μ$SR). We find that spin fluctuations in the non-coplanar SkL phase are highly anisotropic, implying that spin anisotropy plays a prominent role in stabilizing this phase. We also observe strongly-anisotropic spin dynamics in the ground-state (IC-1) incommensurate magnetic phase of the material, indicating that it hosts a meron-like multi-$q$ structure. In contrast, the higher-field, coplanar IC-2 phase is found to be single-$q$ with nearly-isotropic spin dynamics.
description: Main text: 8 pages, 3 figures. Supplemental Material: 7 pages, 8 figures. Data and code available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28024910
Species tree estimation using ASTRAL: how many genes are enough?
Creators: name: Shekhar, Shubhanshu
name: Roch, Sebastien
name: Mirarab, Siavash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Species tree reconstruction from genomic data is increasingly performed using methods that account for sources of gene tree discordance such as incomplete lineage sorting. One popular method for reconstructing species trees from unrooted gene tree topologies is ASTRAL. In this paper, we derive theoretical sample complexity results for the number of genes required by ASTRAL to guarantee reconstruction of the correct species tree with high probability. We also validate those theoretical bounds in a simulation study. Our results indicate that ASTRAL requires $\mathcal{O}(f^{-2} \log n)$ gene trees to reconstruct the species tree correctly with high probability where n is the number of species and f is the length of the shortest branch in the species tree. Our simulations, which are the first to test ASTRAL explicitly under the anomaly zone, show trends consistent with the theoretical bounds and also provide some practical insights on the conditions where ASTRAL works well.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for oral presentation at RECOMB 2017; Under review at IEEE TCBB
The fluctuation-dissipation relation holds for a macroscopic tracer in an active bath
Creators: name: Boriskovsky, Dima
name: Lindner, Benjamin
name: Roichman, Yael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR) links thermal fluctuations and dissipation at thermal equilibrium through temperature. Extending it beyond equilibrium conditions in pursuit of broadening thermodynamics is often feasible, albeit with system-dependent specific conditions. We demonstrate experimentally that a generalized FDR holds for a harmonically trapped tracer colliding with self-propelled walkers. The generalized FDR remains valid across a large spectrum of active fluctuation frequencies, extending from underdamped to critically damped dynamics, which we attribute to a single primary channel for energy input and dissipation in our system.
description: 6 pages 5 figures
Cheap Complex Limit Cycles
Creators: name: Goncharuk, Nataliya
name: Kudryashov, Yury
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F75, 32M25

description: Consider a holomorphic foliation with singularities of a 2-dimensional complex manifold. In this article we prove a new sufficient condition for this foliation to have countably many homologically independent complex limit cycles. In particular, if all leaves of a foliation are dense in the phase space, and it has a complex hyperbolic singular point, then it has infinitely many homologically independent complex limit cycles.
Can Large Language Models Beat Wall Street? Unveiling the Potential of AI in Stock Selection
Creators: name: Fatouros, Georgios
name: Metaxas, Konstantinos
name: Soldatos, John
name: Kyriazis, Dimosthenis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.1; I.2.7; J.4
subject: 68T07, 68T50, 91G10, 91G15

description: This paper introduces MarketSenseAI, an innovative framework leveraging GPT-4's advanced reasoning for selecting stocks in financial markets. By integrating Chain of Thought and In-Context Learning, MarketSenseAI analyzes diverse data sources, including market trends, news, fundamentals, and macroeconomic factors, to emulate expert investment decision-making. The development, implementation, and validation of the framework are elaborately discussed, underscoring its capability to generate actionable and interpretable investment signals. A notable feature of this work is employing GPT-4 both as a predictive mechanism and signal evaluator, revealing the significant impact of the AI-generated explanations on signal accuracy, reliability and acceptance. Through empirical testing on the competitive S&P 100 stocks over a 15-month period, MarketSenseAI demonstrated exceptional performance, delivering excess alpha of 10% to 30% and achieving a cumulative return of up to 72% over the period, while maintaining a risk profile comparable to the broader market. Our findings highlight the transformative potential of Large Language Models in financial decision-making, marking a significant leap in integrating generative AI into financial analytics and investment strategies.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, 12 tables
SVD-based Kalman Filter Derivative Computation
Creators: name: Tsyganova, Julia V.
name: Kulikova, Maria V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recursive adaptive filtering methods are often used for solving the problem of simultaneous state and parameters estimation arising in many areas of research. The gradient-based schemes for adaptive Kalman filtering (KF) require the corresponding filter sensitivity computations. The standard approach is based on the direct differentiation of the KF equations. The shortcoming of this strategy is a numerical instability of the conventional KF (and its derivatives) with respect to roundoff errors. For decades, special attention has been paid in the KF community for designing efficient filter implementations that improve robustness of the estimator against roundoff. The most popular and beneficial techniques are found in the class of square-root (SR) or UD factorization-based methods. They imply the Cholesky decomposition of the corresponding error covariance matrix. Another important matrix factorization method is the singular value decomposition (SVD) and, hence, further encouraging KF algorithms might be found under this approach. Meanwhile, the filter sensitivity computation heavily relies on the use of matrix differential calculus. Previous works on the robust KF derivative computation have produced the SR- and UD-based methodologies. Alternatively, in this paper we design the SVD-based approach. The solution is expressed in terms of the SVD-based KF covariance quantities and their derivatives (with respect to unknown system parameters). The results of numerical experiments illustrate that although the newly-developed SDV-based method is algebraically equivalent to the conventional approach and the previously derived SR- and UD-based strategies, it outperforms the mentioned techniques for estimation accuracy in ill-conditioned situations.
description: 6 pages, 2 tables. Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control