cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Jump processes as Generalized Gradient Flows
Creators: name: Peletier, Mark A.
name: Rossi, Riccarda
name: Savaré, Giuseppe
name: Tse, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We have created a functional framework for a class of non-metric gradient systems. The state space is a space of nonnegative measures, and the class of systems includes the Forward Kolmogorov equations for the laws of Markov jump processes on Polish spaces. This framework comprises a definition of a notion of solutions, a method to prove existence, and an archetype uniqueness result. We do this by using only the structure that is provided directly by the dissipation functional, which need not be homogeneous, and we do not appeal to any metric structure.
Supplementary document for Self-powered waveguide-integrated photodetector based on defect-engineered WSe2/Graphene heterojunction - 5964947.pdf
Creators: name: Chen, Ruichang
name: liu, Guolei
name: Qiu, Feng
name: Tan, Yang
name: Chen, Feng
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary
On functors between categories of modules over trusses
Creators: name: Brzeziński, Tomasz
name: Rybołowicz, Bernard
name: Saracco, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16Y99, 08A99

description: Categorical aspects of the theory of modules over trusses are studied. Tensor product of modules over trusses is defined and its existence established. In particular, it is shown that bimodules over trusses form a monoidal category. Truss versions of the Eilenberg-Watts theorem and Morita equivalence are formulated. Projective and small-projective modules over trusses are defined and their properties studied.
description: Authors' Accepted Manuscript
Stability analysis of f(Q) gravity models using dynamical systems
Creators: name: Vishwakarma, Pooja
name: Shah, Parth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, the modified theory of gravity known as $f(Q)$ gravity has drawn interest as a potential alternative to general relativity. According to this theory, the gravitational force is determined by a function of the so-called ``non-metricity" tensor $Q$, which expresses how far a particle space-time is from the metric geometry. In contrast to general relativity, which describes the gravitational field using the curvature tensor, $f(Q)$ gravity builds a theory of gravity using the non-metricity tensor. For this class of theories, dynamical system analysis of the background and perturbation equations has been carried out in this work to determine how various models behave cosmologically. Here, the critical points are determined for two $f(Q)$ models from the literature: the power law, $ f(Q)=Q+mQ^{n} $, and the logarithmic, $ f(Q)=α+βlog Q $ models. The stability behaviour and corresponding cosmology are displayed for each critical point. For the power law model, we achieve a matter-dominated saddle point with the right matter perturbation growth rate. For the logarithmic model, we get a saddle point dominated by the geometric component of the $ f(Q)$ model with perturbations in the decomposition of matter. For both models, we later achieved a stable and accelerating Universe with constant matter perturbations.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
From climate change to pandemics: decision science can help scientists have impact
Creators: name: Baker, Christopher M.
name: Campbell, Patricia T.
name: Chades, Iadine
name: Dean, Angela J.
name: Hester, Susan M.
name: Holden, Matthew H.
name: McCaw, James M.
name: McVernon, Jodie
name: Moss, Robert
name: Shearer, Freya M.
name: Possingham, Hugh P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 00A69 (Primary), 92B05 (Secondary)

description: Scientific knowledge and advances are a cornerstone of modern society. They improve our understanding of the world we live in and help us navigate global challenges including emerging infectious diseases, climate change and the biodiversity crisis. For any scientist, whether they work primarily in fundamental knowledge generation or in the applied sciences, it is important to understand how science fits into a decision-making framework. Decision science is a field that aims to pinpoint evidence-based management strategies. It provides a framework for scientists to directly impact decisions or to understand how their work will fit into a decision process. Decision science is more than undertaking targeted and relevant scientific research or providing tools to assist policy makers; it is an approach to problem formulation, bringing together mathematical modelling, stakeholder values and logistical constraints to support decision making. In this paper we describe decision science, its use in different contexts, and highlight current gaps in methodology and application. The COVID-19 pandemic has thrust mathematical models into the public spotlight, but it is one of innumerable examples in which modelling informs decision making. Other examples include models of storm systems (eg. cyclones, hurricanes) and climate change. Although the decision timescale in these examples differs enormously (from hours to decades), the underlying decision science approach is common across all problems. Bridging communication gaps between different groups is one of the greatest challenges for scientists. However, by better understanding and engaging with the decision-making processes, scientists will have greater impact and make stronger contributions to important societal problems.
Predicting Risk of Developing Diabetic Retinopathy using Deep Learning
Creators: name: Bora, Ashish
name: Balasubramanian, Siva
name: Babenko, Boris
name: Virmani, Sunny
name: Venugopalan, Subhashini
name: Mitani, Akinori
name: Marinho, Guilherme de Oliveira
name: Cuadros, Jorge
name: Ruamviboonsuk, Paisan
name: Corrado, Greg S
name: Peng, Lily
name: Webster, Dale R
name: Varadarajan, Avinash V
name: Hammel, Naama
name: Liu, Yun
name: Bavishi, Pinal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening is instrumental in preventing blindness, but faces a scaling challenge as the number of diabetic patients rises. Risk stratification for the development of DR may help optimize screening intervals to reduce costs while improving vision-related outcomes. We created and validated two versions of a deep learning system (DLS) to predict the development of mild-or-worse ("Mild+") DR in diabetic patients undergoing DR screening. The two versions used either three-fields or a single field of color fundus photographs (CFPs) as input. The training set was derived from 575,431 eyes, of which 28,899 had known 2-year outcome, and the remaining were used to augment the training process via multi-task learning. Validation was performed on both an internal validation set (set A; 7,976 eyes; 3,678 with known outcome) and an external validation set (set B; 4,762 eyes; 2,345 with known outcome). For predicting 2-year development of DR, the 3-field DLS had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95%CI, 0.78-0.81) on validation set A. On validation set B (which contained only a single field), the 1-field DLS's AUC was 0.70 (95%CI, 0.67-0.74). The DLS was prognostic even after adjusting for available risk factors (p<0.001). When added to the risk factors, the 3-field DLS improved the AUC from 0.72 (95%CI, 0.68-0.76) to 0.81 (95%CI, 0.77-0.84) in validation set A, and the 1-field DLS improved the AUC from 0.62 (95%CI, 0.58-0.66) to 0.71 (95%CI, 0.68-0.75) in validation set B. The DLSs in this study identified prognostic information for DR development from CFPs. This information is independent of and more informative than the available risk factors.
Methodological Support
Creators: name: Klonova, Alina
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2021

description: Methodological support of Smart Tele-training is a set of virtual courses and home-based physical activity programs designed for the educational process of individuals. In order to analyze the features of applying the technologies for Smart tele-training, as well as the use of various approaches to the development of methodological support of Smart tele-training, an analysis of special scientific literature was carried out, technical and didactic possibilities for Smart tele-training were identified, safety recommendations were developed. Methods: Systematic review was carried out in February 2021. A literature search of studies published between 2010 and 2020 was conducted in the following databases: PUBMED, SCOPUS, and SOCIAL. Only original articles written in English accepted for publication in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Studies were selected according to the PICOS framework, as follows: P (population): adults, older adults, adults with chronic health conditions, prisoners; I (intervention): technology-based distance intervention for promoting physical activity; C (comparison) similar distance intervention without technology; O (outcomes) physical activity; S (study design) Physical activity outcomes were extracted and quality was assessed.
Magic square and half-hypermultiplets in F-theory
Creators: name: Kuramochi, Rinto
name: Mizoguchi, Shun'ya
name: Tani, Taro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In six-dimensional F-theory/heterotic string theory, half-hypermultiplets arise only when they correspond to particular quaternionic Kähler symmetric spaces, which are mostly associated with the Freudenthal-Tits magic square. Motivated by the intriguing singularity structure previously found in such F-theory models with a gauge group $SU(6)$,$SO(12)$ or $E_7$, we investigate, as the final magical example, an F-theory on an elliptic fibration over a Hirzebruch surface of the non-split $I_6$ type, in which the unbroken gauge symmetry is supposed to be $Sp(3)$. We find significant qualitative differences between the previous F-theory models associated with the magic square and the present case. We argue that the relevant half-hypermultiplets arise at the $E_6$ points, where half-hypermultiplets ${\bf 20}$ of $SU(6)$ would have appeared in the split model. We also consider the problem on the non-local matter generation near the $D_6$ point. After stating what the problem is, we explain why this is so by using the recent result that a split/non-split transition can be regarded as a conifold transition.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
Accurate Excitation Energies of Point Defects from Fast Particle-Particle Random Approximation Calculations
Creators: name: Li, Jiachen
name: Jin, Yu
name: Yu, Jincheng
name: Yang, Weitao
name: Zhu, Tianyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an efficient particle-particle random phase approximation (ppRPA) approach that predicts accurate excitation energies of point defects, including the nitrogen-vacancy (NV$^-$) and the silicon-vacancy (SiV$^0$) centers in diamond and the divacancy center (VV$^0$) in 4H silicon carbide, with errors within 0.2 eV compared with experimental values. Starting from the ($N+2$)-electron ground state calculated with the density functional theory (DFT), the ppRPA excitation energies of the $N$-electron system are calculated as the differences between the two-electron removal energies of the ($N+2$)-electron system. We demonstrate that the ppRPA excitation energies converge rapidly with a few hundred of canonical active-space orbitals. We also show that active-space ppRPA has weak DFT starting-point dependence and is significantly cheaper than the corresponding ground-state DFT calculation. This work establishes ppRPA as an accurate and low-cost tool for investigating excited-state properties of point defects and opens up new opportunities for applications of ppRPA to periodic bulk materials.
Age differences in vocal emotion perception: on the role of speaker age and listener sex
Creators: name: Antarika Sen
name: Isaacowitz, Derek
name: Schirmer, Annett
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Older adults have greater difficulty than younger adults perceiving vocal emotions. To better characterise this effect, we explored its relation to age differences in sensory, cognitive and emotional functioning. Additionally, we examined the role of speaker age and listener sex. Participants (N = 163) aged 19–34 years and 60–85 years categorised neutral sentences spoken by ten younger and ten older speakers with a happy, neutral, sad, or angry voice. Acoustic analyses indicated that expressions from younger and older speakers denoted the intended emotion with similar accuracy. As expected, younger participants outperformed older participants and this effect was statistically mediated by an age-related decline in both optimism and working-memory. Additionally, age differences in emotion perception were larger for younger as compared to older speakers and a better perception of younger as compared to older speakers was greater in younger as compared to older participants. Last, a female perception benefit was less pervasive in the older than the younger group. Together, these findings suggest that the role of age for emotion perception is multi-faceted. It is linked to emotional and cognitive change, to processing biases that benefit young and own-age expressions, and to the different aptitudes of women and men.
Biochemical and molecular mechanisms associated with Zn deficiency tolerance and signaling in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Creators: name: Kabir, Ahmad Humayan
name: Hossain, Mohammad Monayem
name: Most Amena Khatun
name: Mamunur Rashid Sarkar
name: Haider, Syed Ali
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: In this study, zinc (Zn) deficiency caused a significant reduction in growth parameters and tissue Zn concentrations in BRRI 33 (sensitive) but not in Pokkali (tolerant). The increase of proton extrusion in both genotypes under high pH suggests that it gets triggered as a common consequence of reducing pH and solubilization of Zn. Real-time PCR showed pronounced upregulation of OsZIP4, OsDMAS1, OsNAS2 and OsPCS1 in Zn-deficient roots of Pokkali, and to a lesser extent in BRRI 33 only for OsZIP4 and OsPCS1. This suggests that OsDMAS1, OsNAS2 and OsPCS1 functions as secondary consequences leading to higher chelation and uptake of Zn under Zn deficiency in Pokkali. Further, a major increase in CAT, POD, SOD, GR and key metabolites suggests that high antioxidant defense plays a critical role in Zn deficiency tolerance in Pokkali. Further, Pokkali self-grafts and plants having Pokkali rootstock combined with BRRI 33 scion showed no significant decline in plant height, root dry matter and Zn concentration along with upregulation of Zn transporters (OsZIP4 and OsIRT1) under Zn deficiency, suggesting that signal driving mechanisms for Zn deficiency tolerance mechanisms are generated in the root and Zn-inefficient BRRI 33 is not capable of producing signals or sensing them.
On the properties of fibotomic polynomials
Creators: name: Byer, Cameron
name: Dvorachek, Tyler
name: Eckard, Emily
name: Harrington, Joshua
name: Wise, Lindsey
name: Wong, Tony W. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B39, 12E10

description: Define the $n$-th fibotomic polynomial to be the product of the monic irredicible factors of the $n$-th Fibonacci polynomial which are not factors of any Fibonacci polynomial of smaller degree. In this paper, we prove a number of properties of the fibotomic polynomials. This includes determining the discriminant of the fibotomic polynomials and the resultant of pairs of fibotomic polynomials. Furthermore, we completely determine the factorization form of the fibotomic polynomials in prime fields. Results are also generalized for the bivariate homogenous fibotomic polynomials.
Astrophysical Axion Bounds: The 2024 Edition
Creators: name: Caputo, Andrea
name: Raffelt, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the current status of astrophysical bounds on QCD axions, primarily based on the observational effects of nonstandard energy losses on stars, including black-hole superradiance. Over the past few years, many of the traditional arguments have been reexamined both theoretically and using modern data and new ideas have been put forth. This compact review updates similar Lecture Notes written by one of us in 2006 [Lect. Notes Phys. 741 (2008) 51-71].
description: Contribution to 1st Training School of the COST Action COSMIC WISPers (CA21106). Matches published version
Negative probabilities: What they are and what they are for
Creators: name: Blass, Andreas
name: Gurevich, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An observation space $\mathcal S$ is a family of probability distributions $\langle P_i: i\in I \rangle$ sharing a common sample space $Ω$ in a consistent way. A \emph{grounding} for $\mathcal S$ is a signed probability distribution $\mathcal P$ on $Ω$ yielding the correct marginal distribution $P_i$ for every $i$. A wide variety of quantum scenarios can be formalized as observation spaces. We describe all groundings for a number of quantum observation spaces. Our main technical result is a rigorous proof that Wigner's distribution is the unique signed probability distribution yielding the correct marginal distributions for position and momentum and all their linear combinations.
description: This article supersedes arXiv:1502.00666 and arXiv:1807.10382
Two-term expansion of the ground state one-body density matrix of a mean-field Bose gas
Creators: name: Nam, Phan Thành
name: Napiórkowski, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the homogeneous Bose gas on a unit torus in the mean-field regime when the interaction strength is proportional to the inverse of the particle number. In the limit when the number of particles becomes large, we derive a two-term expansion of the one-body density matrix of the ground state. The proof is based on a cubic correction to Bogoliubov's approximation of the ground state energy and the ground state.
description: 30 pages, revised version, to appear in Calc. Var. PDE
Grey Level Texture Features for Segmentation of Chromogenic Dye RNAscope From Breast Cancer Tissue
Creators: name: Davidson, Andrew
name: Morley-Bunker, Arthur
name: Wiggins, George
name: Walker, Logan
name: Harris, Gavin
name: Mukundan, Ramakrishnan
name: Investigators, kConFab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chromogenic RNAscope dye and haematoxylin staining of cancer tissue facilitates diagnosis of the cancer type and subsequent treatment, and fits well into existing pathology workflows. However, manual quantification of the RNAscope transcripts (dots), which signify gene expression, is prohibitively time consuming. In addition, there is a lack of verified supporting methods for quantification and analysis. This paper investigates the usefulness of grey level texture features for automatically segmenting and classifying the positions of RNAscope transcripts from breast cancer tissue. Feature analysis showed that a small set of grey level features, including Grey Level Dependence Matrix and Neighbouring Grey Tone Difference Matrix features, were well suited for the task. The automated method performed similarly to expert annotators at identifying the positions of RNAscope transcripts, with an F1-score of 0.571 compared to the expert inter-rater F1-score of 0.596. These results demonstrate the potential of grey level texture features for automated quantification of RNAscope in the pathology workflow.
description: This preprint has not undergone peer review (when applicable) or any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this contribution is published in Proceedings of 2023 International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Aided Diagnosis (MICAD 2023), and is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1335-6_7
Age differences in vocal emotion perception: on the role of speaker age and listener sex
Creators: name: Antarika Sen
name: Isaacowitz, Derek
name: Schirmer, Annett
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Older adults have greater difficulty than younger adults perceiving vocal emotions. To better characterise this effect, we explored its relation to age differences in sensory, cognitive and emotional functioning. Additionally, we examined the role of speaker age and listener sex. Participants (N = 163) aged 19–34 years and 60–85 years categorised neutral sentences spoken by ten younger and ten older speakers with a happy, neutral, sad, or angry voice. Acoustic analyses indicated that expressions from younger and older speakers denoted the intended emotion with similar accuracy. As expected, younger participants outperformed older participants and this effect was statistically mediated by an age-related decline in both optimism and working-memory. Additionally, age differences in emotion perception were larger for younger as compared to older speakers and a better perception of younger as compared to older speakers was greater in younger as compared to older participants. Last, a female perception benefit was less pervasive in the older than the younger group. Together, these findings suggest that the role of age for emotion perception is multi-faceted. It is linked to emotional and cognitive change, to processing biases that benefit young and own-age expressions, and to the different aptitudes of women and men.
Additional file 1 of Identification of key genes in calcific aortic valve disease via weighted gene co-expression network analysis
Creators: name: Sun, Jin-Yu
name: Hua, Yang
name: Shen, Hui
name: Qu, Qiang
name: Kan, Jun-Yan
name: Kong, Xiang-Qing
name: Sun, Wei
name: Shen, Yue-Yun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. 55 overlapped genes and their corresponding module color.
Critical behavior and Joule-Thomson expansion of charged AdS black holes surrounded by exotic fluid with modified Chaplygin equation of state
Creators: name: Zhang, Meng-Yao
name: Chen, Hao
name: Hassanabadi, Hassan
name: Long, Zheng-Wen
name: Yang, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By considering the concept of a unified single fluid model, referred to as the modified Chaplygin gas (MCG), which amalgamates dark energy and dark matter. In this study, we explore the thermodynamic characteristics of charged anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes existing in an unconventional fluid accompanied by MCG. To accomplish this objective, we derive the equations of state by regarding the charge $Q^{2}$ as a thermodynamic variable. The impact of MCG parameters on the critical thermodynamic quantities ($ψ_{c}$, $T_{c}$, $Q_{c}^{2}$) are examined, followed by a detailed analysis of the $Q^{2}-ψ$ diagram. To provide a clearer explanation of the phase transition, we present an analysis of the Gibbs free energy. It is important to note that if the Hawking temperature exceeds the critical temperature, there is a distinct pattern observed known as swallowtail behavior. This indicates that the system undergoes a first-order phase transition from a smaller black hole to a larger one. The critical exponent of the system is found to be in complete agreement with that of the van der Waals fluid system. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of MCG parameters and black hole charge on the Joule-Thomson (J-T) expansion in the extended phase space. The J-T coefficient is examined to pinpoint the exact region experiencing cooling or heating, the observation reveals that the presence of negative heat capacity results in the occurrence of a cooling process. In addition, it is worth noting that the certain parameters exert a significant influence on the ratio $\frac{T_{min}}{T_{c}}$. The parameters $γ$ and $β$ have a non-negligible effect on the isenthalpy curve.
description: 11 pages,8 figures
BMC Research in Progress Annual Report 2017
Creators: name: BioMed Central
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This ‘Research in Progress’ report aims to showcase what BMC represents. By celebrating our successes of the past yearand informing you of our future plans, we want to show you that BMC shares the same spirit and ambition as the researchers we partner with, and that we are committed to being as forward thinking, fast paced and progressive as the communities we serve.
Learning Parameter Distributions to Detect Concept Drift in Data Streams
Creators: name: Haug, Johannes
name: Kasneci, Gjergji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data distributions in streaming environments are usually not stationary. In order to maintain a high predictive quality at all times, online learning models need to adapt to distributional changes, which are known as concept drift. The timely and robust identification of concept drift can be difficult, as we never have access to the true distribution of streaming data. In this work, we propose a novel framework for the detection of real concept drift, called ERICS. By treating the parameters of a predictive model as random variables, we show that concept drift corresponds to a change in the distribution of optimal parameters. To this end, we adopt common measures from information theory. The proposed framework is completely model-agnostic. By choosing an appropriate base model, ERICS is also capable to detect concept drift at the input level, which is a significant advantage over existing approaches. An evaluation on several synthetic and real-world data sets suggests that the proposed framework identifies concept drift more effectively and precisely than various existing works.
description: To be published in the proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2020)
Additional file 2 of A systematic scoping review of approaches to teaching and assessing empathy in medicine
Creators: name: Zhou, Yi Cheng
name: Tan, Shien Ru
name: Tan, Chester Guan Hao
name: Ng, Matthew Song Peng
name: Lim, Kia Hui
name: Tan, Lorraine Hui En
name: Ong, Yun Ting
name: Cheong, Clarissa Wei Shuen
name: Chin, Annelissa Mien Chew
name: Chiam, Min
name: Chia, Elisha Wan Ying
name: Lim, Crystal
name: Wijaya, Limin
name: Chowdhury, Anupama Roy
name: Kwek, Jin Wei
name: Fong, Warren
name: Somasundaram, Nagavalli
name: Ong, Eng Koon
name: Mason, Stephen
name: Krishna, Lalit Kumar Radha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Tabulated Summaries.
Topological phase transition induced by band structure modulation in a Chern insulator
Creators: name: Mondal, Sayan
name: Kapri, Priyadarshini
name: Dey, Bashab
name: Ghosh, Tarun Kanti
name: Basu, Saurabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we study the systematic evolution of the topological properties of a Chern insulator in presence of an electronic dispersion that can be tuned smoothly from being Dirac-like till a semi-Dirac one and beyond. The band structure under such controlled deformation shows that the two Dirac points approach each other, merge at an intermediate point (the ${\mathbf{M}}$ point), where the low energy spectrum turns gapless, shows anisotropic Dirac features in the $k$-space and is denoted as the semi-Dirac limit, however a gap eventually opens up again in the spectrum. The Chern number phase diagram obtained via integrating the Berry curvature over the Brillouin zone (BZ) shows a gradual shrinking of the 'topological' lobes, and vanishes just beyond the semi-Dirac limit of the electronic dispersion. Thus there is a phase transition from a topological phase to a trivial phase across the semi-Dirac point. The vanishing of the anomalous Hall conductivity plateau and the merger of the chiral edge states with the bulk bands near the ${\mathbf{M}}$ point provide robust support of the observed phase transition.
AutoGCN -- Towards Generic Human Activity Recognition with Neural Architecture Search
Creators: name: Tempel, Felix
name: Strümke, Inga
name: Ihlen, Espen Alexander F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces AutoGCN, a generic Neural Architecture Search (NAS) algorithm for Human Activity Recognition (HAR) using Graph Convolution Networks (GCNs). HAR has gained attention due to advances in deep learning, increased data availability, and enhanced computational capabilities. At the same time, GCNs have shown promising results in modeling relationships between body key points in a skeletal graph. While domain experts often craft dataset-specific GCN-based methods, their applicability beyond this specific context is severely limited. AutoGCN seeks to address this limitation by simultaneously searching for the ideal hyperparameters and architecture combination within a versatile search space using a reinforcement controller while balancing optimal exploration and exploitation behavior with a knowledge reservoir during the search process. We conduct extensive experiments on two large-scale datasets focused on skeleton-based action recognition to assess the proposed algorithm's performance. Our experimental results underscore the effectiveness of AutoGCN in constructing optimal GCN architectures for HAR, outperforming conventional NAS and GCN methods, as well as random search. These findings highlight the significance of a diverse search space and an expressive input representation to enhance the network performance and generalizability.
EFFECTS OF METACOGNITIVE STRATEGY INSTRUCTION ON THE READING COMPREHENSION OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS THROUGH COGNITIVE ACADEMIC LANGUAGE LEARNING APPROACH (CALLA)
Creators: name: Mahmoodi-Shahrebabaki, Masoud
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 200401 Applied Linguistics and Educational Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: In order to meet the reading needs of English as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) learners, educators are urged to develop effective instructional means for teaching reading comprehension and reading strategy use. Although studies on foreign language reading strategies are burgeoning in the realm of language acquisition research, recent interest has
spotlighted learners’ metacognitive awareness of strategies. This study investigated the effect of metacognitive strategy training on the reading comprehension of 111 intermediate
EFL learners. The participants received five sessions of instruction on metacognitive strategies guided by the blueprints of Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA). The results of t-test, and two-ways analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there
was a significant positive relationship between the students' metacognitive reading strategy use and their reading comprehension performance. There was also a significant positive relationship between the use of CALLA and the students' reading comprehension performance
On the Understated and Avant-garde Language Teaching Methods and Theories
Creators: name: Mahmoodi-Shahrebabaki, Masoud
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 200401 Applied Linguistics and Educational Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Linguistics
subject: 200499 Linguistics not elsewhere classified
subject: 200405 Language in Culture and Society (Sociolinguistics)

description: Language teachers have always been concerned about the paucity of efficient methods of language
instruction in education systems. Consequently, the language teaching pendulum is swinging from methods to post-method era. Post-method is not a new language approach; rather, it is a theory pursuing reforms in
language teaching praxis. The aim of the present paper is twofold: to present some of the emerging language teaching methods and techniques plus reviewing some of the less attended language teaching approaches and theories. The paper is drawn to a close by the discussion of Principled Eclecticism, which is considered to be at the heart of Post-methods debate
Some notes on the classification of shift spaces: Shifts of Finite Type; Sofic Shifts; and Finitely Defined Shifts
Creators: name: Sobottka, Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B10, 37B15

description: The aim of this article is to find appropriate definitions for shifts of finite type and sofic shifts in a general context of symbolic dynamics. We start showing that the classical definitions of shifts of finite type and sofic shifts, as they are given in the context of finite-alphabet shift spaces on the one-dimensional monoid $\mathbb{N}$ or $\mathbb{Z}$ with the usual sum, do not fit for shift spaces over infinite alphabet or on other monoids. Therefore, by examining the core features in the classical definitions of shifts of finite type and sofic shifts, we propose general definitions that can be used in any context. The alternative definition given for shifts of finite type inspires the definition of a new class of shift spaces which intersects with the class of sofic shifts and includes shifts of finite type. This new class is named finitely defined shifts, and the non-finite-type shifts in it are named shifts of variable length. For the specific case of infinite-alphabet shifts on the lattice $\mathbb{N}$ or $\mathbb{Z}$ with the usual sum, shifts of variable length can be interpreted as the topological version of variable length Markov chains.
Teachers’ and Learners’ Attitudes towards Critical Thinking Skills: A Case Study in the Iranian EFL Context
Creators: name: Mahmoodi-Shahrebabaki, Masoud
name: Yaghoubi-Notash, Masoud
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 200401 Applied Linguistics and Educational Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Modern and forward-looking approaches to education and learning no longer treat learners as passive recipients of knowledge. Rather, they claim to nurture self-monitored and self-disciplined thinkers who are shown to be academically successful and promising. This qualitative case study aimed at exploring the teachers’ and learners’ attitudes towards
critical thinking within the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context of Iran. To this end, the attitudes of eighty Iranian EFL learners and their teacher towards inclusion of critical thinking exercises into their regular syllabus were gauged. The results obtained from 18 unstructured interviews indicated that teacher’s and learners’ responses were diametrically opposed; while learners’ performance improved and they became more motivated, the teacher reported distress and dissatisfaction with the new approach to the syllabus. Thematic Content Analyses (TCA) and language skills tests also revealed that the L2 reading
comprehension ability of learners benefited more than other skills. Other context-based factors and implications are discussed
Deep Learning for Distinguishing Normal versus Abnormal Chest Radiographs and Generalization to Unseen Diseases
Creators: name: Nabulsi, Zaid
name: Sellergren, Andrew
name: Jamshy, Shahar
name: Lau, Charles
name: Santos, Edward
name: Kiraly, Atilla P.
name: Ye, Wenxing
name: Yang, Jie
name: Pilgrim, Rory
name: Kazemzadeh, Sahar
name: Yu, Jin
name: Kalidindi, Sreenivasa Raju
name: Etemadi, Mozziyar
name: Garcia-Vicente, Florencia
name: Melnick, David
name: Corrado, Greg S.
name: Peng, Lily
name: Eswaran, Krish
name: Tse, Daniel
name: Beladia, Neeral
name: Liu, Yun
name: Chen, Po-Hsuan Cameron
name: Shetty, Shravya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chest radiography (CXR) is the most widely-used thoracic clinical imaging modality and is crucial for guiding the management of cardiothoracic conditions. The detection of specific CXR findings has been the main focus of several artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, the wide range of possible CXR abnormalities makes it impractical to build specific systems to detect every possible condition. In this work, we developed and evaluated an AI system to classify CXRs as normal or abnormal. For development, we used a de-identified dataset of 248,445 patients from a multi-city hospital network in India. To assess generalizability, we evaluated our system using 6 international datasets from India, China, and the United States. Of these datasets, 4 focused on diseases that the AI was not trained to detect: 2 datasets with tuberculosis and 2 datasets with coronavirus disease 2019. Our results suggest that the AI system generalizes to new patient populations and abnormalities. In a simulated workflow where the AI system prioritized abnormal cases, the turnaround time for abnormal cases reduced by 7-28%. These results represent an important step towards evaluating whether AI can be safely used to flag cases in a general setting where previously unseen abnormalities exist.
PRISMA Flow Diagram
Creators: name: Klonova, Alina
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2021

description: The initial search revealed 153 results of which 128 remained after removing duplicates. After screening titles and abstracts, 104 articles were excluded. After a careful review of the 12 full text articles, six were included. An additional search using Google Scholar added one final article, for a total of 7 included reports.
What You Teach Impacts on How You Feel: A Study on Teachers` Emotionality across Disciplines
Creators: name: Mahmoodi-Shahrebabaki, Masoud
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 170103 Educational Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 130313 Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: The growing attention to teachers` emotion has been in line with the new necessities of modern life and has been
considered as a leading exponent of fast-changing educational settings through the clarification of the new personal accountabilities. This unique study endeavored to compare levels of anxiety, depression, life satisfaction, job
satisfaction and life pleasure between teachers in humanities, formal sciences and natural sciences. More than 720 teachers across 14 different academic disciplines were compared and contrasted based upon the result of the
following standard psychological tests: Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Diener`s
Satisfaction with Life Scale, Brayfield-Rothe Index of Job Satisfaction and Goldberg Depression Scale. The results
were enlightening as the humanist teachers` psychological well-being was conspicuously superior to their counterparts in natural and formal sciences. Being that said, the result can broaden the horizon of educational researchers whose work revolves around emotionality of teachers as well as educational planners and programmers to consider the implications in their teacher training programs.
Evidence in favour of density wave theory through star formation history maps and spatially resolved stellar clusters
Creators: name: Abdeen, Shameer
name: Kennefick, Daniel
name: Kennefick, Julia
name: Eufrasio, Rafael
name: Davis, Benjamin L.
name: Miller, Ryan
name: Shields, Douglas W.
name: Monson, Erik B.
name: Bassett, Calla
name: O'Mara, Harry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stationary Density Wave Theory predicts the existence of an age gradient across the spiral arms with a phase crossing at the co-rotation radius. Using star formation history (SFH) maps of 12 nearby spiral galaxies derived from \textsc{LIGHTNING} \citep{Eufracio:2017}, a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting procedure, and by using \textsc{Spirality} \citep{Shield:2015} a \textsc{MATLAB}-based code which plots synthetic spiral arms over \textsc{FITS} images, we have found a gradual decrement in pitch angles with increasing age, thus providing us with evidence in favour of the Stationary Density Wave Theory. We have also used azimuthal offsets of spatially resolved stellar clusters in 3 LEGUS galaxies to observe age trends.
Additional file 1 of A systematic scoping review of approaches to teaching and assessing empathy in medicine
Creators: name: Zhou, Yi Cheng
name: Tan, Shien Ru
name: Tan, Chester Guan Hao
name: Ng, Matthew Song Peng
name: Lim, Kia Hui
name: Tan, Lorraine Hui En
name: Ong, Yun Ting
name: Cheong, Clarissa Wei Shuen
name: Chin, Annelissa Mien Chew
name: Chiam, Min
name: Chia, Elisha Wan Ying
name: Lim, Crystal
name: Wijaya, Limin
name: Chowdhury, Anupama Roy
name: Kwek, Jin Wei
name: Fong, Warren
name: Somasundaram, Nagavalli
name: Ong, Eng Koon
name: Mason, Stephen
name: Krishna, Lalit Kumar Radha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. PubMed Search Strategy.
Multiplicity and Diversity: Analyzing the Optimal Solution Space of the Correlation Clustering Problem on Complete Signed Graphs
Creators: name: Arinik, Nejat
name: Figueiredo, Rosa
name: Labatut, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In order to study real-world systems, many applied works model them through signed graphs, i.e. graphs whose edges are labeled as either positive or negative. Such a graph is considered as structurally balanced when it can be partitioned into a number of modules, such that positive (resp. negative) edges are located inside (resp. in-between) the modules. When it is not the case, authors look for the closest partition to such balance, a problem called Correlation Clustering (CC). Due to the complexity of the CC problem, the standard approach is to find a single optimal partition and stick to it, even if other optimal or high scoring solutions possibly exist. In this work, we study the space of optimal solutions of the CC problem, on a collection of synthetic complete graphs. We show empirically that under certain conditions, there can be many optimal partitions of a signed graph. Some of these are very different and thus provide distinct perspectives on the system, as illustrated on a small real-world graph. This is an important result, as it implies that one may have to find several, if not all, optimal solutions of the CC problem, in order to properly study the considered system.
Privacy-Preserving Distributed Learning for Residential Short-Term Load Forecasting
Creators: name: Dong, Yi
name: Wang, Yingjie
name: Gama, Mariana
name: Mustafa, Mustafa A.
name: Deconinck, Geert
name: Huang, Xiaowei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In the realm of power systems, the increasing involvement of residential users in load forecasting applications has heightened concerns about data privacy. Specifically, the load data can inadvertently reveal the daily routines of residential users, thereby posing a risk to their property security. While federated learning (FL) has been employed to safeguard user privacy by enabling model training without the exchange of raw data, these FL models have shown vulnerabilities to emerging attack techniques, such as Deep Leakage from Gradients and poisoning attacks. To counteract these, we initially employ a Secure-Aggregation (SecAgg) algorithm that leverages multiparty computation cryptographic techniques to mitigate the risk of gradient leakage. However, the introduction of SecAgg necessitates the deployment of additional sub-center servers for executing the multiparty computation protocol, thereby escalating computational complexity and reducing system robustness, especially in scenarios where one or more sub-centers are unavailable. To address these challenges, we introduce a Markovian Switching-based distributed training framework, the convergence of which is substantiated through rigorous theoretical analysis. The Distributed Markovian Switching (DMS) topology shows strong robustness towards the poisoning attacks as well. Case studies employing real-world power system load data validate the efficacy of our proposed algorithm. It not only significantly minimizes communication complexity but also maintains accuracy levels comparable to traditional FL methods, thereby enhancing the scalability of our load forecasting algorithm.