cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the MSSM with hierarchical squark masses and a heavier Higgs boson
Creators: name: Bertuzzo, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the contest of supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, we consider a spectrum in which the lightest Higgs boson has mass between 200 and 300 GeV and the first two generations of squarks have masses above 20 TeV, considering the Higgs boson mass and the Supersymmetric Flavour Problem as related naturalness problems. After the analysis of some models in which the previous spectrum can be naturally realised, we consider the phenomenological consequences for the LHC and for Dark Matter.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, proceedings of the LC10 workshop
Classical relativistic ideal gas in thermodynamic equilibrium in a uniformly accelerated reference frame
Creators: name: Louis-Martinez, Domingo J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A classical (non-quantum-mechanical) relativistic ideal gas in thermodynamic equilibrium in a uniformly accelerated frame of reference is studied using Gibbs's microcanonical and grand canonical formulations of statistical mechanics. Using these methods explicit expressions for the particle, energy and entropy density distributions are obtained, which are found to be in agreement with the well known results of the relativistic formulation of Boltzmann's kinetic theory. Explicit expressions for the total entropy, total energy and rest mass of the gas are obtained. The position of the center of mass of the gas in equilibrium is found. The non-relativistic and ultrarelativistic approximations are also considered. The phase space volume of the system is calculated explicitly in the ultrarelativistic approximation.
Additional file 2 of Urogenital Microbiota:Potentially Important Determinant of PD-L1 Expression in Male Patients with Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Creators: name: Chen, Chunxiao
name: Huang, Zehai
name: Huang, Pengcheng
name: Li, Kun
name: Zeng, Jiarong
name: Wen, Yuehui
name: Li, Biao
name: Zhao, Jie
name: Wu, Peng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table S2. The information of Metadata.
Extensions of Noether's Second Theorem: from continuous to discrete systems
Creators: name: Hydon, Peter E.
name: Mansfield, Elizabeth L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple local proof of Noether's Second Theorem is given. This proof immediately leads to a generalization of the theorem, yielding conservation laws and/or explicit relationships between the Euler--Lagrange equations of any variational problem whose symmetries depend upon a set of free or partly-constrained functions. Our approach extends further to deal with finite difference systems. The results are easy to apply; several well-known continuous and discrete systems are used as illustrations.
Spectral Geometric Verification: Re-Ranking Point Cloud Retrieval for Metric Localization
Creators: name: Vidanapathirana, Kavisha
name: Moghadam, Peyman
name: Sridharan, Sridha
name: Fookes, Clinton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In large-scale metric localization, an incorrect result during retrieval will lead to an incorrect pose estimate or loop closure. Re-ranking methods propose to take into account all the top retrieval candidates and re-order them to increase the likelihood of the top candidate being correct. However, state-of-the-art re-ranking methods are inefficient when re-ranking many potential candidates due to their need for resource intensive point cloud registration between the query and each candidate. In this work, we propose an efficient spectral method for geometric verification (named SpectralGV) that does not require registration. We demonstrate how the optimal inter-cluster score of the correspondence compatibility graph of two point clouds represents a robust fitness score measuring their spatial consistency. This score takes into account the subtle geometric differences between structurally similar point clouds and therefore can be used to identify the correct candidate among potential matches retrieved by global similarity search. SpectralGV is deterministic, robust to outlier correspondences, and can be computed in parallel for all potential candidates. We conduct extensive experiments on 5 large-scale datasets to demonstrate that SpectralGV outperforms other state-of-the-art re-ranking methods and show that it consistently improves the recall and pose estimation of 3 state-of-the-art metric localization architectures while having a negligible effect on their runtime. The open-source implementation and trained models are available at: https://github.com/csiro-robotics/SpectralGV.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE RA-L (2023)
Additional file 3 of Urogenital Microbiota:Potentially Important Determinant of PD-L1 Expression in Male Patients with Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Creators: name: Chen, Chunxiao
name: Huang, Zehai
name: Huang, Pengcheng
name: Li, Kun
name: Zeng, Jiarong
name: Wen, Yuehui
name: Li, Biao
name: Zhao, Jie
name: Wu, Peng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Figure S1. Alpha Diversity for group C (with mild PD-L1 expression) and group D (with moderate or severe PD-L1 expression).observed species (A), Chao1 index (B), Ace index (C), Shannon index (D) and Simpson index (E) were used for the assessment of alpha diversity between group C and group D. We found that as the expression intensity of PD-L1 increased, the bacterial richness increased as well. Ns, not significant (based on P < 0.05).
title: MANAGEMENT OF STINK BUGS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) ON SOYBEAN IN KENTUCKY
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Yaziri
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: Entomology

description: Phytophagous stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are pests of significant importance to soybean, Glycine max (L.), because they can cause severe losses in seed quality, ultimately affecting yield. Damage to soybean is caused through a process called extra-oral digestion. This occurs when the adults and nymphs of stink bugs pierce plant tissues with their mandibular and maxillary stylets, insert digestive enzymes, break down tissue, and extract the digested plant fluid. Three endemic stink bug species of North America are present in Kentucky: green stink bug (Chinavia hilaris), brown stink bugs (Euschistus species complex), and red-shouldered stink bug (Thyanta custator). In addition, the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, has become a more serious soybean pest in the last two decades in certain regions of the country including Kentucky. Soybean is the most valuable commodity crop in Kentucky, bringing in over $700 million in revenue. Given that stink bugs can be detrimental to yield, understanding the effects that particular integrated pest management tactics have on stink bug densities is crucial. The objectives of this thesis are to 1) compare sampling methods used to assess stink bug population size and distribution, 2) evaluate the effects of stink bug populations between full and double-crop season soybean, and 3) compare control tactics for the management of stink bugs. These studies were conducted in several commercial fields located in western and central Kentucky counties and field plots at the UKREC in Princeton, KY. The results of these studies showed that: 1) beat-bucket sampling method produced similar density estimates of stink bugs compared with sweep net and may be a promising method to assess stink bug densities in the field as a replacement for the beat sheet technique, but an economic threshold needs to be established for this method; 2) stink bug species composition changed from western to central counties, where H. halys was the predominant species in the central region 3) seasonal stink bugs densities varied based on the physiological stage of soybean in both full and double-crop soybean in 2018; Similar trends in stink bug densities in 2019 full season soybean was documented, where densities in the field were based on food availability and developmental stage 4) the use of calendar sprays resulted in greater insecticide usage without gains in yield to justify their use when compared to a scout and spray if needed approach. Overall, proper pest management strategies should be incorporated to soybean production to assure sustainable suppression of stink bug insect pests.
description: © 2020 Yaziri Gonzalez
Extraction Energy From Charged Vaidya Black Hole Via Penrose Process
Creators: name: Vertogradov, Vitalii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the analogy of the Penrose process in Charged Vaidya spacetime. We calculate the border of the generalized ergosphere, in which the charged particles with negative energy might exist, and show that it is temporary. We show that there are no closed orbits for particles with negative energy inside the generalized ergosphere. We investigate the question about the efficiency of the Penrose process and show that one can't extract large energies from a black hole.
description: 10 pages, submitted to Chinese Physics C
The GeV to TeV connection in the environment of SNR IC 443
Creators: name: Torres, Diego F.
name: Marrero, Ana Y. Rodriguez
name: del Pozo, Elsa de Cea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently interpreted the source MAGIC J0616+225 as a result of delayed TeV emission of cosmic-rays diffusing from IC 443 and interacting with a cloud in the foreground of the remnant. This model was used to make predictions for future observations, especially those to be made with the Fermi satellite. Just recently, AGILE, Fermi, and VERITAS have released new results of their observations of IC 443. In this work, we compare them with the predictions of our model, exploring the GeV to TeV connection in this region of space. We use Fermi data to consider the possibility of constraining the cosmic-ray diffusion features of the environment. We analyze the cosmic-ray distributions, their interactions, and a possible detection of the SNR environment in the neutrino channel.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 20 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
Vanilla Technicolor at Linear Colliders
Creators: name: Frandsen, Mads T.
name: Jarvinen, Matti
name: Sannino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the reach of Linear Colliders (LC)s for models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking. We show that LCs can efficiently test the compositeness scale, identified with the mass of the new spin-one resonances, till the maximum energy in the center-of-mass of the colliding leptons. In particular we analyze the Drell-Yan processes involving spin-one intermediate heavy bosons decaying either leptonically or into two Standard Model (SM) gauge bosons. We also analyze the light Higgs production in association with a SM gauge boson stemming also from an intermediate spin-one heavy vector.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures
Higgs boson origin from a gauge symmetric theory of massive composite particles and massless $W^\pm$ and $Z^0$ bosons at the TeV scale
Creators: name: Xue, She-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ultraviolet completion is the Standard Model (SM) gauge-symmetric four-fermion couplings at the high-energy cutoff. Composite particles appear in the gauge symmetric phase in contrast with SM particles in the spontaneous symmetry-breaking phase. The critical point between the two phases is a weak first-order transition. It relates to an ultraviolet fixed point for an SM gauge symmetric theory of composite particles in the strong coupling regime. The low-energy SM realizes at an infrared fixed point in the weak coupling regime. Composite bosons dissolve into SM particles at the phase transition, and in the top-quark channel, they become a composite SM Higgs boson and three Goldstone bosons. Extrapolation of SM renormalization-group solutions to high energies implies that the gauge-symmetric theory of composite particles has a characteristic scale of about $5.1$ TeV. We discuss the phenomenological implications of composite SM Higgs boson in the gauge symmetry-breaking phase and massive composite bosons coupling to massless $W^\pm$ and $Z^0$ gauge bosons in the gauge symmetric phase.
description: The final version to appear on Nuclear Physics B, 24 pages, 5 figures
Guiding of vortices and ratchet effect in superconducting films with asymmetric pinning potential
Creators: name: Shklovskij, Valerij A.
name: Sosedkin, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional vortex dynamics in a ratchet washboard planar pinning potential (PPP) in the presence of thermal fluctuations is considered on the basis of a Fokker-Planck equation. Explicit expressions for two new nonlinear anisotropic voltages (longitudinal and transverse with respect to the current direction) are derived and analyzed. The physical origin of these odd (with respect to magnetic field or transport current direction reversal) voltages is caused by the interplay between the even effect of vortex guiding and the ratchet asymmetry. Both new voltages are going to zero in the linear regimes of the vortex motion (i.e. in the thermally activated flux flow (TAFF) and ohmic flux flow (FF) regimes) and have a bump-like current or temperature dependence in the vicinity of the highly nonlinear resistive transition from the TAFF to the FF.
description: 15 pages, 18 figures
Research Data Management and You
Creators: name: Böhmer, Jasmin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: research data management
data exposure
FAIR data
research data policy
genetic research
data support

description: Presentation given to members of the Center for Molecular Medicine of the UMC Utrecht Genetics research division on March 8th 2019. Includes short introduction to data stewardship and research data management (rdm), 4 ways to improve ones rdm, 4 ways to improve data exposure, and a brief introduction the new rdm policy of the UMC Utrecht.
description: CMM_RDM-Slides_V7_190308.pptx is the original version
CMM_RDM-Slides_V7_190308.odp is the open document version
CMM_RDM-Slides_V7.1_190311.pdf is the PDF of the original version without animation elements
Computationally-efficient initialisation of GPs: The generalised variogram method
Creators: name: Tobar, Felipe
name: Cazelles, Elsa
name: de Wolff, Taco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We present a computationally-efficient strategy to initialise the hyperparameters of a Gaussian process (GP) avoiding the computation of the likelihood function. Our strategy can be used as a pretraining stage to find initial conditions for maximum-likelihood (ML) training, or as a standalone method to compute hyperparameters values to be plugged in directly into the GP model. Motivated by the fact that training a GP via ML is equivalent (on average) to minimising the KL-divergence between the true and learnt model, we set to explore different metrics/divergences among GPs that are computationally inexpensive and provide hyperparameter values that are close to those found via ML. In practice, we identify the GP hyperparameters by projecting the empirical covariance or (Fourier) power spectrum onto a parametric family, thus proposing and studying various measures of discrepancy operating on the temporal and frequency domains. Our contribution extends the variogram method developed by the geostatistics literature and, accordingly, it is referred to as the generalised variogram method (GVM). In addition to the theoretical presentation of GVM, we provide experimental validation in terms of accuracy, consistency with ML and computational complexity for different kernels using synthetic and real-world data.
Domain-guided data augmentation for deep learning on medical imaging
Creators: name: Athalye, Chinmayee
name: Arnaout, Rima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While domain-specific data augmentation can be useful in training neural networks for medical imaging tasks, such techniques have not been widely used to date. Here, we test whether domain-specific data augmentation is useful for medical imaging using a well-benchmarked task: view classification on fetal ultrasound FETAL-125 and OB-125 datasets. We found that using a context-preserving cut-paste strategy, we could create valid training data as measured by performance of the resulting trained model on the benchmark test dataset. When used in an online fashion, models trained on this data performed similarly to those trained using traditional data augmentation (FETAL-125 F-score 85.33+/-0.24 vs 86.89+/-0.60, p-value 0.0139; OB-125 F-score 74.60+/-0.11 vs 72.43+/-0.62, p-value 0.0039). Furthermore, the ability to perform augmentations during training time, as well as the ability to apply chosen augmentations equally across data classes, are important considerations in designing a bespoke data augmentation. Finally, we provide open-source code to facilitate running bespoke data augmentations in an online fashion. Taken together, this work expands the ability to design and apply domain-guided data augmentations for medical imaging tasks.
description: 18 pages, 6 Tables, 3 Figures
The targum (1962:May 1 - 1962:May 18)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1962

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
How To Light It Up: Simulating Ram-Pressure Stripped X-ray Bright Tails
Creators: name: Tonnesen, Stephanie
name: Bryan, Greg L.
name: Chen, Rena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some tails of ram-pressure stripped galaxies are detected in HI, some in Halpha, and some in X-ray (but never all three so far). We use numerical simulations to probe the conditions for the production of X-ray bright tails, demonstrating that the primary requirement is a high pressure intracluster medium (ICM). This is because the stripped tail is mostly in pressure equilibrium with the ICM, but mixing leaves it with densities and temperatures intermediate between the cold gas in the disk and the hot ICM. Given a high enough ICM pressure, this mixed gas lies in the X-ray bright region of the phase diagram. We compare the simulations to observations of the ram pressure stripped tail of ESO 137-001, showing excellent agreement in the total measured X-ray and Halpha emission and non-flaring morphology of the tail, and consistent HI measurements. Using these comparisons we constrain the level of mixing and efficiency of heat conduction in the intracluster medium (ICM)
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, to be published in ApJ (April 10, 2011, v731)
Additional file 4 of Urogenital Microbiota:Potentially Important Determinant of PD-L1 Expression in Male Patients with Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Creators: name: Chen, Chunxiao
name: Huang, Zehai
name: Huang, Pengcheng
name: Li, Kun
name: Zeng, Jiarong
name: Wen, Yuehui
name: Li, Biao
name: Zhao, Jie
name: Wu, Peng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4: Figure S2. Alpha Diversity for group F (with ≥5%tumor cells membrane staining) and group O (with < 5% tumor cells membrane staining). observed species(A),Chao1 index (B),Ace index(C),Shannon index (D) and Simpson index (E) were used for the assessment of alpha diversity between group F and group O. Urogenital microbiota of group F had higher richness than that of group O. Ns, not significant (based on P < 0.05).
Implications of Clinical Target Distribution Weighted Radiotherapy Optimization
Creators: name: Bengtsson, Ivar
name: Forsgren, Anders
name: Fredriksson, Albin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Delineating and planning with respect to regions suspected to contain microscopic tumor cells is an inherently uncertain task in radiotherapy. The recently proposed \textit{clinical target distribution} (CTD) is an alternative to the conventional \textit{clinical target volume} (CTV), with initial promise. Previously, using the CTD in planning has primarily been evaluated in comparison to a conventionally defined CTV. We propose to compare the CTD approach against CTV margins of various sizes, dependent on the threshold at which the tumor infiltration probability is considered relevant. First, a theoretical framework is presented, concerned with optimizing the trade-off between the probability of sufficient target coverage and the penalties associated with high dose. From this framework we derive conventional CTV-based planning and contrast it with the CTD approach. The approaches are contextualized further by comparison with established methods for managing geometric uncertainties. Second, for both a one- and a three-dimensional phantom, we compare a set of CTD plans created by varying the target objective function weight against a set of plans created by varying both the target weight and the CTV margin size. The results show that CTD-based planning gives slightly inefficient trade-offs between the evaluation criteria for a case in which near-minimum target dose is the highest priority. However, in a case when sparing a proximal organ at risk is critical, the CTD is better at maintaining sufficiently high dose toward the center of the target. We conclude that CTD-based planning is a computationally efficient method for planning with respect to delineation uncertainties, but that the inevitable effects on the dose distribution should not be disregarded.
Environmental and physiological influences on the behaviour and survival of adult sockeye salmon during their coastal migration
Creators: name: Drenner, Stephen Matthew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The reproductive migration of anadromous salmon through coastal waters is among the most challenging phases of their life cycle, yet our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this migration is limited. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to develop a better understanding of how environmental conditions and fish physiologic state influence behaviour and survival of homing anadromous salmon in coastal waters. Using a literature synthesis, I identified consistent behaviours across anadromous salmon species and life stages in marine waters including diel patterns and consistent swimming speeds. I further identified critical knowledge gaps, including a need for synchronized study of both environmental and physiological conditions. In field studies, I combined thermal data loggers, biotelemetry and physiological sampling and found that homing sockeye salmon exhibited diel and variable thermal experiences (8.4 °C to 20.5 °C) in coastal waters, potentially related to gaining cues for navigation. Sockeye salmon tended to follow coastlines and migration rate was related to wind patterns, salinity and fish physiological state. I propose that wind-induced currents exposed sockeye salmon entering the estuary to stronger olfactory cues associated with freshwater, which resulted in faster migration rates due to increased navigation ability or advanced reproductive maturity through a neuroendocrine response. Once migration neared freshwater, sockeye salmon used wind-induced currents to aid in movements, which may be associated with energy conservation. I further identified a genomic signature related to marine survival, which was associated with stress, immune response, metabolic processes, protein biosynthesis and osmoregulation. This genomic signature was similar to that identified in a previous study examining freshwater survival, but with an opposite relationship with survival, which I attribute to the attenuation of disease resistance of fish upon exposure to elevated river temperatures. Through the use of multiple research approaches, this thesis advances the biological understanding of the marine homing migration of sockeye salmon by empirically establishing novel relationships between environmental conditions, physiological state and sockeye salmon behaviour and survival in marine waters. In addition, this thesis is broadly applicable to other anadromous salmon, as well as to studies invoking a similar approach of physiological biotelemetry for studying animal movements.
In the wake of the dhow : historical changes in the marine ecology and fisheries of the Persian Gulf
Creators: name: Al-Abdulrazzak, Dalal
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Marine ecosystems have been altered by human activities over millenia, but ecological and fisheries data used to measure these changes are typically only available over the last few decades. Moreover, recent databases, such as the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) FishStat, do not reflect the true catch of seafood. The misreporting of catches, coupled with a lack of historical reflection can lead to mismanagement and poor policy decisions that jeopardize food security. While these issues are prevalent worldwide, they are especially problematic in places such as the Persian Gulf, where a rich seafaring history is at odds with recent mega-development projects. Developing methods to integrate a diversity of data types is essential for better quantifying changes in the distribution and abundance of marine organisms, as well as for clarifying underlying causes of ecological change. Within the field of historical marine ecology, studies have relied on anecdotal evidence, such as written accounts by explorers and interviews of different generations of resource users, to demonstrate the former abundance of certain species and the extent of their ranges. Intercoder reliability tests show that people's perceptions of historical anecdotes are generally consistent and speak to the reliability of using people's perceptions to acquire quantitative data. In the Persian Gulf, anecdotes can be used to examine changes in dugong abundance and distribution and assessing the efficacy of current management targets. Fishery catch reconstructions for the Persian Gulf from 1950-2010 show that officially reported catches potentially underestimate capture fisheries by a factor of 2, and that countries have primarily reported their artisanal and industrial catches, and substantially underreported their discards, recreational, subsistence, and illegal fishing sectors. In addition, recent advances in remote-sensing technology allow us to view stationary fishing gear such as weirs from space and mitigate gaps in catch reporting. This dissertation provides context to marine ecosystem management decisions in the Gulf. Because no empirical studies on the region have incorporated historical data, studies on the present ecosystems are based on distorted historical trends and impair our understanding of the management and policy prescriptions necessary for fisheries sustainability in the region.
Study of $B_{(s)}$ meson decays to $D_{0}^{\ast}(2300) ,D_{s0}^{\ast}(2317) , D_{s1}(2460)$ and $D_{s1}(2536)$ within the covariant light-front approach
Creators: name: Yang, You-Ya
name: Zhang, Zhi-Qing
name: Yang, Hao
name: Sun, Zhi-Jie
name: Xie, Ming-Xuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the form factors of the transitions $B_{(s)} \to D_{0}^{\ast}(2300),D_{s0}^{\ast}(2317),$ $ D_{s1}(2460) $ and $ D_{s1}(2536)$ in the covariant light-front quark model (CLFQM), where these final states are considered as P-wave excited charmed mesons. In order to obtain the form factors for the physical transition processes, we need to extend these form factors from the space-like region to the time-like region. The $q^{2}$-dependence for each transition form factor is also plotted. Then, combined with those form factors, the branching ratios of the two-body nonleptonic decays $B_{(s)}\to D^*_{(s)0}(2300,2317)M, D_{s1}(2460,2536)M$ with $M$ being a light pseudoscalar (vector) meson or a charmed meson are calculated by considering the QCD radiative corrections to the hadronic matrix elements with the QCD factorization approach. Most of our predictions are comparable to the results given by other theoretical approaches and the present available data.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures
Reverse Monte Carlo neutron scattering study of the "ordered-ice" oxide pyrochlore Pb2Ru2O6.5
Creators: name: Shoemaker, Daniel P.
name: Llobet, Anna
name: Tachibana, Makoto
name: Seshadri, Ram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ high-resolution total neutron scattering in conjunction with reverse Monte Carlo simulations to examine, in a detailed and unbiased manner, the crystal structure of the vacancy-ordered oxide pyrochlore Pb2Ru2O6.5 in light of its structural analogy with proton-ordering in the structures of ice. We find that the vacancy and the O' ion are completely ordered, and that the average structure in the F43m space group describes the vacancy ordering precisely. We complement these results with an examination of the Pb2+ lone pair network using density functional electronic structure calculations, and a comparison of the low-temperature lattice-only heat capacity of Pb2Ru2O6.5 with that of other related pyrochlores.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Quantum Modified Gravity at Low Energy in the Ricci Flow of Quantum Spacetime
Creators: name: Luo, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum treatment of physical reference frame leads to the Ricci flow of quantum spacetime, which is a quite rigid framework to quantum and renormalization effect of gravity. The theory has a low characteristic energy scale described by a unique constant: the critical density of the universe. At low energy long distance (cosmic or galactic) scale, the theory modifies Einstein's gravity which naturally gives rise to a cosmological constant as a counter term of the Ricci flow at leading order and an effective scale dependent Einstein-Hilbert action. In the weak and static gravity limit, the framework gives rise to a transition trend away from Newtonian gravity and similar to the MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) around the characteristic scale. When local curvature is large, Newtonian gravity is recovered. When local curvature is low enough to be comparable with the asymptotic background curvature corresponding to the characteristic energy scale, the transition trend produces the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation. For intermediate general curvature around the background curvature, the interpolating Lagrangian function yields a similar transition trend to the observed radial acceleration relation of galaxies. When the baryonic matter density is much lower than the critical density at the outskirt of a galaxy, there may be a universal "acceleration floor" corresponding to the acceleration expansion of the universe, which differs from MOND at its deep-MOND limit. The critical acceleration constant $a_0$ introduced in MOND is related to the low characteristic energy scale of the theory. The cosmological constant gives a universal leading order contribution to it and the flow effect gives the next order scale dependent contribution, which equivalently induces the "cold dark matter" to the theory. $a_0$ is consistent with galaxian data when the "dark matter" is about 5 times the baryonic matter.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures. Version to appear in International Journal of Theoretical Physics
Schulungs- und Beratungsbedarf von Promovierenden der Ingenieurwissenschaften an Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften
Creators: name: Grahl, Tina
Publisher: name: Informationspraxis
Year: 2021

description: In einer Befragung der Bibliothek der TH Aschaffenburg wurde das Informations-, Publikations- und Forschungsverhalten von Promovierenden der Ingenieurwissenschaften erfasst. Ebenso wurde ihr Bedarf an Schulungs- und Beratungsangeboten erfragt. Der folgende Artikel stellt die Ergebnisse wie auch die Konsequenzen für die Konzeption von Schulungs- und Beratungsangeboten vor.
description: Informationspraxis, Bd. 7 Nr. 2 (2021)
Top Quark Polarization As A Probe of Models with Extra Gauge Bosons
Creators: name: Berger, Edmond L.
name: Cao, Qing-Hong
name: Chen, Chuan-Ren
name: Zhang, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New heavy gauge bosons exist in many models of new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. Discovery of these W^\prime and Z^\prime resonances and the establishment of their spins, couplings, and other quantum numbers would shed light on the gauge structure of the new physics. The measurement of the polarization of the SM fermions from the gauge boson decays would decipher the handedness of the coupling of the new states, an important relic of the primordial new physics symmetry. Since the top quark decays promptly, its decay preserves spin information. We show how decays of new gauge bosons into third generation fermions (W^\prime \to tb, Z^\prime\to t\bar{t}) can be used to determine the handedness of the couplings of the new states and to discriminate among various new physics models.
Structural and Financial Characteristics of U.S. Sugar Beet Farms
Creators: name: Clauson, Annette L.
name: Hoff, Frederic L.
name: Clauson, Annette L.
name: Hoff, Frederic L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Production Economics
subject: Sugar beets
subject: income
subject: costs
subject: assets
subject: debt
subject: net worth

description: Sugar beet farmers’ 1984 average of $12,810 in total cash income was substantially below the $22,918 for all U.S. farms, primarily because sugar beet farmers received only $2,524 in nonfarm income compared with $16,054 for all U.S. farms. Because sugar beets are a high-value crop, more than 20 percent of all sugar beet producers had farm sales of $250,000 or more, compared with only 6 percent of all U.S. farms. Sugar beet farms tend to be more indebted than most farms, but the sugar beet farms' average net worth, $281,547, Is slightly higher than the U.S. average, $251,845. Most production is concentrated In three regions: Minnesota and eastern North Dakota (35.2 percent of all production); California (18.8 percent); and Colorado, Nebraska, and southeastern Wyoming (12.8 percent). Sugar beets tend to be produced on farms which also produce livestock, mostly cattle, or other cash crops, mostly wheat, corn, barley, or soybeans. This report analyzes production and financial characteristics of sugar beet producers in seven regions.
Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit szientometrischen Daten und Visualisierungen
Creators: name: Fraumann, Grischa
name: Hauschke, Christian
name: Lilienthal, Svantje
name: Heller, Lambert
Publisher: name: Informationspraxis
Year: 2021

description: Wir beschreiben 10 Empfehlungen für die Entwicklung szientometrischer Visualisierungen und richten uns dabei vor allem an Betreibende szientometrischer Dienste. Die Grundlage dazu bilden Nutzerstudien mit Forschenden verschiedener Disziplinen in Deutschland, welche in einen iterativen Softwareentwicklungsprozess zur Entwicklung einer szientometrischen Visualisierung im Projekt ROSI eingebunden waren.
description: Informationspraxis, Bd. 7 Nr. 2 (2021)
Multi-messenger constraints on Abelian-Higgs cosmic string networks
Creators: name: Hindmarsh, Mark
name: Kume, Jun'ya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nielsen-Olesen vortices in the Abelian-Higgs (AH) model are the simplest realisations of cosmic strings in a gauge field theory. Large-scale numerical solutions show that the dominant decay channel of a network of AH strings produced from random initial conditions is classical field radiation. However, they also show that with special initial conditions, loops of string can be created for which classical field radiation is suppressed, and which behave like Nambu-Goto (NG) strings with a dominant decay channel into gravitational radiation. This indicates that cosmic strings are generically sources of both high-energy particles and gravitational waves. Here we adopt a simple parametrisation of the AH string network allowing for both particle and gravitational wave production. With a reference to a specific model for NG-like loop distribution, this sets the basis for a ``multi-messenger'' investigation of this model. We find that, in order to explain the NANOGrav detection of a possible gravitational wave background, while satisfying the constraint on NG-like loop production from simulations and bounds from the cosmic microwave background, the tension of the AH string in Planck units $Gμ$ and the fraction of the NG-like loops $f_{\rm NG}$ should satisfy $Gμf_{\rm NG}^{2.6} \gtrsim 3.2\times 10^{-13}$ at 95$\%$ confidence. On the other hand, for such string tensions, constraints from the diffuse gamma-ray background (DGRB) indicate that more than 97$\%$ of the total network energy should be converted to dark matter (DM) or dark radiation. We also consider joint constraints on the annihilation cross-section, the mass, and the relic abundance of DM produced by decays of strings. For example, for a DM mass of 500 GeV, the observed relic abundance can be explained by decaying AH strings that also account for the NANOGrav signal.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures; v3: references are added, assumptions are clarified
A dual-mask coronagraph for observing faint companions to binary stars
Creators: name: Cady, Eric
name: McElwain, Michael
name: Kasdin, N. Jeremy
name: Thalmann, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of binary stars for faint companions with conventional coronagraphic methods are challenging, as both targets will be bright enough to obscure any nearby faint companions if their scattered light is not suppressed. We propose coronagraphic examination of binary stars using an apodized pupil Lyot coronagraph and a pair of actively-controlled image plane masks to suppress both stars simultaneously. The performance is compared to imaging with a band-limited mask, a dual-mask Lyot coronagraph and with no coronagraph at all. An imaging procedure and control system for the masks are also described.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Super-Fermi Acceleration in Multiscale MHD Reconnection
Creators: name: Majeski, Stephen
name: Ji, Hantao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Fermi acceleration of charged particles in 2D MHD anti-parallel plasmoid reconnection, finding a drastic enhancement in energization rate $\dot{\varepsilon}$ over a standard Fermi model of $\dot{\varepsilon} \sim \varepsilon$. The shrinking particle orbit width around a magnetic island due to $\vec{E}\times\vec{B}$ drift produces a $\dot{\varepsilon}_\parallel \sim \varepsilon_\parallel^{1+1/2χ}$ power law with $χ\sim 0.75$. The increase in the maximum possible energy gain of a particle within a plasmoid due to the enhanced efficiency increases with the plasmoid size, and is by multiple factors of 10 in the case of solar flares and much more for larger plasmas. Including effects of the non-constant $\vec{E}\times\vec{B}$ drift rates leads to further variation of power law indices from $\gtrsim 2$ to $\lesssim 1$, decreasing with plasmoid size at the time of injection.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
The limiting Kac random polynomial and truncated random orthogonal matrices
Creators: name: Forrester, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact calculation of the eigenvalue statistics of truncated random Haar distributed real orthogonal matrices has recently been carried out by Khoruzhenko, Sommers and Zyczkowski. We further develop this calculation, and use it to deduce a Pfaffian form of the correlations for the zeros of the limiting Kac random polynomial. This contrasts with the forms known from previous studies of the real zeros (a multidimensional Gaussian integral with the integrand multiplied by the absolute values of the variables) and the complex zeros (a Hafnian).
description: 12 pages, no figures
Prediction and visualization of Mergers and Acquisitions using Economic Complexity
Creators: name: Arsini, Lorenzo
name: Straccamore, Matteo
name: Zaccaria, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mergers and Acquisitions represent important forms of business deals, both because of the volumes involved in the transactions and because of the role of the innovation activity of companies. Nevertheless, Economic Complexity methods have not been applied to the study of this field. By considering the patent activity of about one thousand companies, we develop a method to predict future acquisitions by assuming that companies deal more frequently with technologically related ones. We address both the problem of predicting a pair of companies for a future deal and that of finding a target company given an acquirer. We compare different forecasting methodologies, including machine learning and network-based algorithms, showing that a simple angular distance with the addition of the industry sector information outperforms the other approaches. Finally, we present the Continuous Company Space, a two-dimensional representation of firms to visualize their technological proximity and possible deals. Companies and policymakers can use this approach to identify companies most likely to pursue deals or to explore possible innovation strategies.
Near-field heat transfer in a scanning thermal microscope
Creators: name: Kittel, Achim
name: Müller-Hirsch, Wolfgang
name: Parisi, Jürgen
name: Biehs, Svend-Age
name: Reddig, Daniel
name: Holthaus, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the near-field heat transfer between the tip of a thermal profiler and planar material surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. For tip-sample distances below 10-8 m our results differ markedly from the prediction of fluctuating electrodynamics. We argue that these differences are due to the existence of a material-dependent small length scale below which the macroscopic description of the dielectric properties fails, and discuss a corresponding model which yields fair agreement with the available data. These results are of importance for the quantitative interpretation of signals obtained by scanning thermal microscopes capable of detecting local temperature variations on surfaces.
On the topological entropy of (a,b)-continued fraction transformations
Creators: name: Abrams, Adam
name: Katok, Svetlana
name: Ugarcovici, Ilie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E05, 37B40

description: We study the topological entropy of a two-parameter family of maps related to (a,b)-continued fraction algorithms and prove that it is constant on a square within the parameter space (two vertices of this square correspond to well-studied continued fraction algorithms). The proof uses conjugation to maps of constant slope. We also present experimental evidence that the topological entropy is flexible (i.e., takes any value in a range) on the whole parameter space.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures