cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reducing Uncertainties of a Chained Hydrologic-hydraulic Model to Improve Flood Forecasting Using Multi-source Earth Observation Data
Creators: name: Nguyen, Thanh Huy
name: Ricci, Sophie
name: Piacentini, Andrea
name: Bonassies, Quentin
name: Suquet, Raquel Rodriguez
name: Luque, Santiago Peña
name: Marlis, Kevin
name: David, Cédric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The challenges in operational flood forecasting lie in producing reliable forecasts given constrained computational resources and within processing times that are compatible with near-real-time forecasting. Flood hydrodynamic models exploit observed data from gauge networks, e.g. water surface elevation (WSE) and/or discharge that describe the forcing time-series at the upstream and lateral boundary conditions of the model. A chained hydrologic-hydraulic model is thus interesting to allow extended lead time forecasts and overcome the limits of forecast when using only observed gauge measurements. This research work focuses on comprehensively reducing the uncertainties in the model parameters, hydraulic state and especially the forcing data in order to improve the overall flood reanalysis and forecast performance. It aims at assimilating two main complementary EO data sources, namely in-situ WSE and SAR-derived flood extent observations.
description: Copyright 2023 IEEE. Published in the IEEE 2023 International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2023), scheduled for July 16 - 21, 2023 in Pasadena, California, USA
Endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration: a hybrid method
Creators: name: Akulian, Jason
name: Wang, Ko-Pen
name: Ben, Suqin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (cTBNA) was first performed approximately 30 years ago; however TBNA was not widely adopted until the development of endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). Current EBUS-TBNA needle sizes are limited to 21- and 22-gauge. In order to determine whether a 19-gauge (19G) needle in EBUS-TBNA can further improve the diagnostic yield and simplify the methodology of EBUS-TBNA we developed a hybrid method. Here we report our initial experience in assessing the feasibility of performing EBUS-TBNA using a conventional 19G TBNA needle.
A verb-naming test accurately detects cognitive changes in ALS
Creators: name: Aiello, Edoardo Nicolò
name: Pain, Debora
name: Radici, Alice
name: Sideri, Riccardo
name: Aktipi, Kalliopi Marinou
name: Mora, Gabriele
name: Luzzatti, Claudio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Verb-naming tests were proposed for detecting cognitive impairment in ALS, although statistical evidence on their clinical usefulness is still lacking. A total of 29 ALS patients and 29 demographic-matched healthy controls (HCs) were administered the Action-Verb-Naming Test (AVNT), a standardized picture-naming task of actions. Patients were also administered the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS), and classified according to Strong et al. (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal spectrum disorder (ALS-FTSD): revised diagnostic criteria. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2017;18:153–4) criteria. The AVNT discriminated ALS patients from HCs (p = 0.026) and yielded high accuracy in detecting cognitive impairments among ALS patients (88% of accuracy; sensitivity = 1; specificity = 0.84; PPV = 0.5; NPV = 1; LR+ = 3.83; LR− = 0), as well as a below-cutoff performance on the ECAS (AUC = 0.74). The AVNT was unrelated to other clinical variables, despite being strongly associated with ECAS total, ALS-specific, Language and Executive scores (rs = 0.65–0.75). These findings show that verb naming is an accurate test to detect domain-specific cognitive changes in ALS patients, regardless of their disease phenotype.
Scaling Laws For Deep Learning Based Image Reconstruction
Creators: name: Klug, Tobit
name: Heckel, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks trained end-to-end to map a measurement of a (noisy) image to a clean image perform excellent for a variety of linear inverse problems. Current methods are only trained on a few hundreds or thousands of images as opposed to the millions of examples deep networks are trained on in other domains. In this work, we study whether major performance gains are expected from scaling up the training set size. We consider image denoising, accelerated magnetic resonance imaging, and super-resolution and empirically determine the reconstruction quality as a function of training set size, while simultaneously scaling the network size. For all three tasks we find that an initially steep power-law scaling slows significantly already at moderate training set sizes. Interpolating those scaling laws suggests that even training on millions of images would not significantly improve performance. To understand the expected behavior, we analytically characterize the performance of a linear estimator learned with early stopped gradient descent. The result formalizes the intuition that once the error induced by learning the signal model is small relative to the error floor, more training examples do not improve performance.
Most spin-1/2 transition-metal ions do have single ion anisotropy
Creators: name: Liu, Jia
name: Koo, Hyun-Joo
name: Xiang, Hongjun
name: Kremer, Reinhard K.
name: Whangbo, Myung-Hwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cause for the preferred spin orientation in magnetic systems containing spin-1/2 transition-metal ions was explored by studying the origin of the easy-plane anisotropy of the spin-1/2 Cu2+ ions in CuCl2.2H2O, LiCuVO4, CuCl2 and CuBr2 on the basis of density functional theory and magnetic dipole-dipole energy calculations as well as a perturbation theory treatment of the spin-orbit coupling. We find that the spin orientation observed for these spin-1/2 ions is not caused by their anisotropic spin exchange interactions, nor by their magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, but by the spin-orbit coupling associated with their crystal-field split d-states. Our study also predicts in-plane anisotropy for the Cu2+ ions of Bi2CuO4 and Li2CuO2. The results of our investigations dispel the mistaken belief that magnetic systems with spin-1/2 ions have no magnetic anisotropy induced by spin-orbit coupling.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures; J. Chem. Phys., in press; Typos corrected
A re-analysis of equilibrium chemistry in five hot Jupiters
Creators: name: Panek, Emilie
name: Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe
name: Drossart, Pierre
name: Venot, Olivia
name: Changeat, Quentin
name: Al-Refaie, Ahmed
name: Gressier, Amélie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studying chemistry and chemical composition is fundamental to go back to formation history of planetary systems. We propose here to have another look at five targets to better determine their composition and the chemical mechanisms that take place in their atmospheres. We present a re-analysis of five Hot Jupiters, combining multiple instruments and using Bayesian retrieval methods. We compare different combinations of molecules present in the simulated atmosphere, different chemistry types as well as different clouds parametrization. As a consequence of recent studies questioning the detection of Na and K in the atmosphere of HD 209458b as being potentially contaminated by stellar lines when present, we study the impact on other retrieval parameters of misinterpreting the presence of these alkali species. We use spatially scanned observations from the grisms G102 and G141 of the WFC3 on HST, with a wavelength coverage of $\sim$0.8 to $\sim$1.7 microns. We analyse these data with the publicly available Iraclis pipeline. We added to our datasets STIS observations to increase our wavelength coverage from $\sim$0.4 to $\sim$1.7 microns. We then performed a Bayesian retrieval analysis with the open-source TauREx using a nested sampling algorithm. We explore the influence of including Na and K on the retrieval of the molecules from the atmosphere. Our data re-analysis and Bayesian retrieval are consistent with previous studies but we find small differences in the retrieved parameters. After all, Na and K has no significant impact on the properties of the planet atmospheres. Therefore, we present here our new best-fit models, taking into account molecular abundances varying freely and equilibrium chemistry. This work is a preparation for a future addition of more sophisticated representation of chemistry taking into account disequilibrium effects such as vertical mixing and photochemistry.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures
The past, current and future of diagnosis and management of pleural disease
Creators: name: Feller-Kopman, David
name: Akulian, Jason
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Pleural disease is frequently encountered by the chest physician. Pleural effusions arise as the sequelae of underlying disease processes including pressure/volume imbalances, infection and malignancy. In addition to pleural effusions, persistent air leaks after surgery and bronchopleural fistulae remain a challenge. Our understanding of pleural disease including its diagnosis and management, have made tremendous strides. The introduction of the molecular detection of organism specific infection, risk stratification and improvements in the non-surgical treatment of patients with pleural infection are all within reach and may be the standard of care in the very near future. Malignant pleural effusion management continues to evolve with the introduction of tunneled pleural catheters and procedures combining that and chemical pleurodesis. These advances in the diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of pleural disease as well as what seems to be an increasing multidisciplinary interest in the space foretell a bright future.
Agrolandscape transformation of agricultural land Bai-Taiga district of the Tuva Republic in terms of altitudinal zonation
Creators: name: Khangaev Andrey Vasilyevich
Publisher: name: International   Agricultural   Journal
Year: 2018
Subjects: Bai-Taiga district
geography
farming
land management
land resources
altitudinal zonality

description: The article discusses the landscape structure and altitudinal zonality Bai-Taiga district of the Republic of Tyva. When the features of the local natural and geographical conditions. And in the General context, the analysis of land use in the study area.
Managed Network Services for Exascale Data Movement Across Large Global Scientific Collaborations
Creators: name: Würthwein, Frank
name: Guiang, Jonathan
name: Arora, Aashay
name: Davila, Diego
name: Graham, John
name: Mishin, Dima
name: Hutton, Thomas
name: Sfiligoi, Igor
name: Newman, Harvey
name: Balcas, Justas
name: Lehman, Tom
name: Yang, Xi
name: Guok, Chin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unique scientific instruments designed and operated by large global collaborations are expected to produce Exabyte-scale data volumes per year by 2030. These collaborations depend on globally distributed storage and compute to turn raw data into science. While all of these infrastructures have batch scheduling capabilities to share compute, Research and Education networks lack those capabilities. There is thus uncontrolled competition for bandwidth between and within collaborations. As a result, data "hogs" disk space at processing facilities for much longer than it takes to process, leading to vastly over-provisioned storage infrastructures. Integrated co-scheduling of networks as part of high-level managed workflows might reduce these storage needs by more than an order of magnitude. This paper describes such a solution, demonstrates its functionality in the context of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, and presents the next-steps towards its use in production.
description: Submitted to the proceedings of the XLOOP workshop held in conjunction with Supercomputing 22
Higher-derivative non-Abelian gauge fields via the Faddeev-Jackiw formalism
Creators: name: Bufalo, R.
name: Pimentel, B. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze two higher-derivative theories, the generalized electrodynamics and the Alekseev-Arbuzov-Baikov's effective Lagrangian from the point of view of Faddeev-Jackiw sympletic approach. It is shown that the full set of constraint is obtained directly from the zero-mode eigenvectors, and that they are in accordance with known results from Dirac's theory, a remnant and recurrent issue in the literature. The method shows to be rather economical in relation to the Dirac's one, obviating thus unnecessary classification and calculations. Afterwards, to conclude we construct the transition-amplitude of the non-Abelian theory following a constrained BRST-method.
description: 17 pages
Phase I Trial of Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel in Combination with Gemcitabine in Patients with Thoracic Malignancies
Creators: name: Dees, E Claire
name: Lee, Carrie B.
name: Goldberg, Richard M.
name: Hayes, D Neil
name: Stinchcombe, Thomas E.
name: Socinski, Mark A.
name: Moore, Dominic T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Nab-paclitaxel has a different toxicity profile than solvent-based paclitaxel including a lower rate of severe neutropenia. This trial was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose and dose limiting toxicities (DLT) of nab-paclitaxel in combination with gemcitabine.
medigan: a Python library of pretrained generative models for medical image synthesis
Creators: name: Osuala, Richard
name: Skorupko, Grzegorz
name: Lazrak, Noussair
name: Garrucho, Lidia
name: García, Eloy
name: Joshi, Smriti
name: Jouide, Socayna
name: Rutherford, Michael
name: Prior, Fred
name: Kushibar, Kaisar
name: Diaz, Oliver
name: Lekadir, Karim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.0; I.2.0; I.5.1

description: Synthetic data generated by generative models can enhance the performance and capabilities of data-hungry deep learning models in medical imaging. However, there is (1) limited availability of (synthetic) datasets and (2) generative models are complex to train, which hinders their adoption in research and clinical applications. To reduce this entry barrier, we propose medigan, a one-stop shop for pretrained generative models implemented as an open-source framework-agnostic Python library. medigan allows researchers and developers to create, increase, and domain-adapt their training data in just a few lines of code. Guided by design decisions based on gathered end-user requirements, we implement medigan based on modular components for generative model (i) execution, (ii) visualisation, (iii) search & ranking, and (iv) contribution. The library's scalability and design is demonstrated by its growing number of integrated and readily-usable pretrained generative models consisting of 21 models utilising 9 different Generative Adversarial Network architectures trained on 11 datasets from 4 domains, namely, mammography, endoscopy, x-ray, and MRI. Furthermore, 3 applications of medigan are analysed in this work, which include (a) enabling community-wide sharing of restricted data, (b) investigating generative model evaluation metrics, and (c) improving clinical downstream tasks. In (b), extending on common medical image synthesis assessment and reporting standards, we show Fréchet Inception Distance variability based on image normalisation and radiology-specific feature extraction.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures
Dynamical nuclear spin polarization in a quantum dot with an electron spin driven by electric dipole spin resonance
Creators: name: Stano, Peter
name: Nakajima, Takashi
name: Noiri, Akito
name: Tarucha, Seigo
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the polarization of nuclear spins in a quantum dot induced by a single-electron spin that is electrically driven to perform coherent Rabi oscillations. We derive the associated nuclear-spin polarization rate and analyze its dependence on the accessible control parameters, especially the detuning of the driving frequency from the electron Larmor frequency. The arising nuclear-spin polarization is related to the Hartmann-Hahn effect known from the NMR literature with two important differences. First, in quantum dots one typically uses a micro magnet, leading to a small deflection of the quantization axes of the electron and nuclear spins. Second, the electric driving wiggles the electron with respect to the atomic lattice. The two effects, absent in the traditional Hartmann-Hahn scenario, give rise to two mechanisms of nuclear-spin polarization in gated quantum dots. The arising nuclear-spin polarization is a resonance phenomenon, achieving maximal efficiency at the resonance of the electron Rabi and nuclear Larmor frequency (typically a few or a few tens of MHz). As a function of the driving frequency, the polarization rate can develop sharp peaks and reach large values at them. Since the nuclear polarization is experimentally detected as changes of the electron Larmor frequency, we often convert the former to the latter in our formulas and figures. In these units, the polarization can reach hundreds of MHz/s in GaAs quantum dots and at least tens of kHz/s in Si quantum dots. We analyze possibilities to exploit the resonant polarization effects for achieving large nuclear polarization and for stabilizing the Overhauser field through feedback.
description: 34 pages including 15 pages of appendices and 3 pages of references, 13 figures. In going from version v1 to v2, we have added Appendix J and K, and included minor changes stemming from the refereeing and proofs at Physical Review B
Mapping non-axisymmetric velocity fields of external galaxies
Creators: name: Labini, Francesco Sylos
name: Straccamore, Matteo
name: De Marzo, Giordano
name: Comerón, Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disk galaxies are typically in a stable configuration where matter moves in almost closed circular orbits. However, non-circular motions caused by distortions, warps, lopsidedness, or satellite interactions are common and leave distinct signatures on galaxy velocity maps. We develop an algorithm that uses an ordinary least square method for fitting a non-axisymmetric model to the observed two-dimensional line-of-sight velocity map of an external galaxy, which allows for anisotropic non-circular motions. The method approximates a galaxy as a flat disk, which is an appropriate assumption for spiral galaxies within the optical radius where warps are rare. In the outer parts of HI distributions, which may extend well into the warp region, we use this method in combination with a standard rotating tilted ring model to constrain the range of radii where the flat disk assumption can be conservatively considered valid. Within this range, the transversal and radial velocity profiles, averaged in rings, can be directly reconstructed from the velocity map. The novelty of the algorithm consists in using arc segments in addition to rings: in this way spatial velocity anisotropies can be measured in both components, allowing for the reconstruction of angularly resolved coarse-grained two-dimensional velocity maps. We applied this algorithm to 25 disk galaxies from the THINGS sample for which we can provide 2D maps of both velocity components.
description: 42 pages, 37 figures, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journal in the press (2023)
Optimization of the Memory Reset Rate of a Quantum Echo-State Network for Time Sequential Tasks
Creators: name: Molteni, Riccardo
name: Destri, Claudio
name: Prati, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum reservoir computing is a class of quantum machine learning algorithms involving a reservoir of an echo state network based on a register of qubits, but the dependence of its memory capacity on the hyperparameters is still rather unclear. In order to maximize its accuracy in time--series predictive tasks, we investigate the relation between the memory of the network and the reset rate of the evolution of the quantum reservoir. We benchmark the network performance by three non--linear maps with fading memory on IBM quantum hardware. The memory capacity of the quantum reservoir is maximized for central values of the memory reset rate in the interval [0,1]. As expected, the memory capacity increases approximately linearly with the number of qubits. After optimization of the memory reset rate, the mean squared errors of the predicted outputs in the tasks may decrease by a factor ~1/5 with respect to previous implementations.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Phase II Trial of Paclitaxel and Cisplatin in Patients with Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 9430
Creators: name: Mauer, Ann M.
name: Stinchcombe, Thomas E.
name: Lynch, Thomas J.
name: Green, Mark R.
name: Hodgson, Lydia D.
name: Vokes, Everett E.
name: Herndon, James E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) trial 9430 was a randomized phase II trial which investigated the safety and activity of four novel doublets in untreated extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). The results of the paclitaxel and cisplatin arm have not been reported.
Prospects for Measuring the Mass of Black Holes at High Redshifts with Resolved Kinematics Using Gravitational Lensing
Creators: name: Hezaveh, Yashar D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Application of the most robust method of measuring black hole masses, spatially resolved kinematics of gas and stars, is presently limited to nearby galaxies. The Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) and thirty meter class telescopes (the Thirty Meter Telescope, the Giant Magellan Telescope, and the European Extremely Large Telescope) with milli-arcsecond resolution are expected to extend such measurements to larger distances. Here, we study the possibility of exploiting the angular magnification provided by strong gravitational lensing to measure black hole masses at high redshifts (z~ 1-6), using resolved gas kinematics with these instruments. We show that in ~15% and ~20% of strongly lensed galaxies, the inner 25 and 50 pc could be resolved, allowing the mass of ~$10^8 M_{\odot}$ black holes to be dynamically measured with ALMA, if moderately bright molecular gas is present at these small radii. Given the large number of strong lenses discovered in current millimeter surveys and future optical surveys, this fraction could constitute a statistically significant population for studying the evolution of the M-$σ$ relation at high redshifts.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. Published in ApJ letters
Treatment Outcomes of Different Prognostic Groups of Patients on Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 39801: Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Chemoradiotherapy Compared with Chemoradiotherapy Alone for Unresectable Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Creators: name: Stinchcombe, Thomas E.
name: Herndon, James E.
name: Hodgson, Lydia
name: Ramnath, Nithya
name: Niell, Harvey B.
name: Kelley, Michael J.
name: Cicchetti, M Giulia
name: Vokes, Everett E.
name: Atkins, James N.
name: Green, Mark R.
name: Akerley, Wallace
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: In Cancer and Leukemia Group B 39801, we evaluated whether induction chemotherapy before concurrent chemoradiotherapy would result in improved survival, and demonstrated no significant benefit from the addition of induction chemotherapy. The primary objective of this analysis was to dichotomize patients into prognostic groups using factors predictive of survival, and to investigate if induction chemotherapy was beneficial in either prognostic group.
Adaptation and norming of the Edinburgh Cognitive and behavioural amyotrophic lateral sclerosis screen (ECAS) for three language groups in South Africa
Creators: name: Albertyn, Christine H.
name: Hardy, Anneli
name: Bakker, Leonhard A.
name: Hlangani, Makhaya
name: Van Der Walt, Kristien
name: Zeilinga, Braam
name: Thomas, Kevin G. F.
name: Heckmann, Jeannine M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objectives: To adapt and translate the Edinburgh Cognitive and behavioural amyotrophic lateral sclerosis screen (ECAS); to generate preliminary normative data for three language groups in South Africa (SA); to assess the convergent validity of the ECAS in SA samples. Methods: The ECAS was linguistically and culturally adapted for Afrikaans-, isiXhosa-, and English-speaking SA adults (n = 108, 100, and 53, respectively). Each language group was stratified by age and educational level. Cutoff scores for cognitive impairment were set at the group mean minus two standard deviations (SDs). A pilot sample of ALS patients and controls (n = 21 each) were administered the ECAS and an extensive neuropsychological evaluation (NPE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to assess convergent validity. Results: Across the three language groups, the total ECAS cutoff scores ranged from 68 to 97. The ECAS score correlated significantly positively with educational level (p < 0.001) and negatively with age (p < 0.005). The restricted letter fluency task demonstrated a floor effect, particularly in Afrikaans-speakers. The mean total ECAS score (±SD) was similar in ALS patients (103.52 ± 11.90) and controls (100.67 ± 20.49; p = 0.58). Three (14.3%) ALS patients scored below the cutoff for cognitive impairment. Correlations between individual ECAS subtests and analogous NPE tests ranged from weak to moderate. The MoCA score was significantly positively correlated with the ECAS total score (r = 0.59; p = < 0.001). Conclusions: The adapted ECAS and associated normative data will aid cognitive screening of African ALS patients. Larger participant numbers are needed to assess the validity of the adapted instrument.
HierarchicalEOM.jl: An efficient Julia framework for hierarchical equations of motion in open quantum systems
Creators: name: Huang, Yi-Te
name: Kuo, Po-Chen
name: Lambert, Neill
name: Cirio, Mauro
name: Cross, Simon
name: Yang, Shen-Liang
name: Nori, Franco
name: Chen, Yueh-Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) approach can describe the reduced dynamics of a system simultaneously coupled to multiple bosonic and fermionic environments. The complexity of exactly describing the system-environment interaction with the HEOM method usually results in time-consuming calculations and a large memory cost. Here, we introduce an open-source software package called HierarchicalEOM.jl: a Julia framework integrating the HEOM approach. HierarchicalEOM.jl features a collection of methods to compute bosonic and fermionic spectra, stationary states, and the full dynamics in the extended space of all auxiliary density operators (ADOs). The required handling of the ADOs multi-indexes is achieved through a user-friendly interface. We exemplify the functionalities of the package by analyzing a single impurity Anderson model, and an ultra-strongly coupled charge-cavity system interacting with bosonic and fermionic reservoirs. HierarchicalEOM.jl achieves a significant speedup with respect to the corresponding method in the Quantum Toolbox in Python (QuTiP), upon which this package is founded.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables
Intra-unit-cell Magnetic Order in Stoichiometric La$_2$CuO$_4$
Creators: name: Storchak, Vyacheslav G.
name: Brewer, Jess H.
name: Eshchenko, Dmitry G.
name: Mengyan, Patrick W.
name: Parfenov, Oleg E.
name: Tokmachev, Andrey M.
name: Dosanjh, Pinder
name: Barilo, Sergey N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Muon spin rotation measurements supported by magnetization experiments have been carried out in a stoichiometric high-$T_c$ parent compound La$_2$CuO$_4$ in %the a temperature range from 2~K to 340~K and in transverse magnetic fields up to 5~T. Along with the antiferromagnetic local field, muon spin rotation spectra indicate presence of an additional source of magnetic field on the muon. The characteristic splitting of about 45~G coming from this additional magnetic field is consistent with spontaneous circulating currents model of Varma.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 34 references
Photon emission in the graphene under the action of a quasiconstant external electric field
Creators: name: Gavrilov, S. P.
name: Gitman, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following a nonperturbative formulation of strong-field QED developed in our earlier works, and using the Dirac model of the graphene, we construct a reduced QED_{3,2} to describe one species of the Dirac fermions in the graphene interacting with an external electric field and photons. On this base, we consider the photon emission in this model and construct closed formulas for the total probabilities. Using the derived formulas, we study probabilities for the photon emission by an electron and for the photon emission accompanying the vacuum instability in the quasiconstant electric field that acts in the graphene plane during the time interval T. We study angular and polarization distribution of the emission as well as emission characteristics in a high frequency and low frequency approximations. We analyze the applicability of the presented calculations to the graphene physics in laboratory conditions. In fact, we are talking about a possible observation of the Schwinger effect in these conditions.
description: 42 pages, misprints corrected, version accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. Plus
Hybrid quantum information processing
Creators: name: Andersen, Ulrik L.
name: Neergaard-Nielsen, Jonas S.
name: van Loock, Peter
name: Furusawa, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of quantum information processing has traditionally followed two separate and not immediately connected lines of study. The main line has focused on the implementation of quantum bit (qubit) based protocols whereas the other line has been devoted to implementations based on high-dimensional Gaussian states (such as coherent and squeezed states). The separation has been driven by the experimental difficulty in interconnecting the standard technologies of the two lines. However, in recent years, there has been a significant experimental progress in refining and connecting the technologies of the two fields which has resulted in the development and experimental realization of numerous new hybrid protocols. In this Review, we summarize these recent efforts on hybridizing the two types of schemes based on discrete and continuous variables.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
A Randomized Phase II Study to Assess the Efficacy of Pemetrexed or Sunitinib or Pemetrexed Plus Sunitinib in the Second-Line Treatment of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Creators: name: Villalona-Calero, Miguel A.
name: Gandhi, Leena
name: Hodgson, Lydia
name: Vokes, Everett E.
name: Watson, Peter
name: Otterson, Gregory A.
name: Stinchcombe, Thomas E.
name: Socinski, Mark A.
name: Heist, Rebecca S.
name: Wang, Xiaofei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Second-line chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) improves survival modestly but new strategies are needed. This trial was designed to evaluate an antivascular endothelial growth factor strategy with or without standard chemotherapy in previously treated NSCLC.
Superposing compass states for asymptotic isotropic sub-Planck phase-space sensitivity
Creators: name: Shukla, Atharva
name: Sanders, Barry C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compass states deliver sub-Planck phase-space structure in the sense that sensitivity to phase-space displacement is superior to the sensitivity of displacing the vacuum state in any direction, but this sensitivity is anisotropic: better sensitivity for some directions of phase-space displacement vs others. Here we introduce generalised compass states as superpositions of $n$ compass states, with each oriented by $\fracπ{2n}$ with respect to its predecessor. Specifically, we derive Wigner functions for these generalised compass states and approximate closed-form expressions for overlaps between generalised compass states and their displaced counterparts. Furthermore, we show that generalised compass states, in the limit $n\to\infty$, display isotropic sensitivity to phase-space displacement in any direction.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Primordial black holes from stochastic tunnelling
Creators: name: Animali, Chiara
name: Vennin, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the inflaton gets trapped in a local minimum of its potential shortly before the end of inflation, it escapes by building up quantum fluctuations in a process known as stochastic tunnelling. In this work we study cosmological fluctuations produced in such a scenario, and how likely they are to form Primordial Black Holes (PBHs). This is done by using the stochastic-$δN$ formalism, which allows us to reconstruct the highly non-Gaussian tails of the distribution function of the number of $e$-folds spent in the false-vacuum state. We explore two different toy models, both analytically and numerically, in order to identify which properties do or do not depend on the details of the false-vacuum profile. We find that when the potential barrier is small enough compared to its width, $ΔV/V < Δϕ^2/M_{\text{Pl}}^2$, the potential can be approximated as being flat between its two local extrema, so results previously obtained in a "flat quantum well'' apply. Otherwise, when $ΔV/V < V/M_{\text{Pl}}^4$, the PBH abundance depends exponentially on the height of the potential barrier, and when $ΔV/V > V/M_{\text{Pl}}^4$ it depends super-exponentially ( i.e. as the exponential of an exponential) on the barrier height. In that later case PBHs are massively produced. This allows us to quantify how much flat inflection points need to be fine-tuned. In a deep false vacuum, we also find that slow-roll violations are typically encountered unless the potential is close to linear. This motivates further investigations to generalise our approach to non-slow-roll setups.
description: 25 pages without appendix ( 36 pages in total ), 13 figures. Matches the published version in JCAP
Hyperfine dependent $gf$-values of Mn I lines in the 1.49 $-$ 1.80 $μ$m H-band
Creators: name: Andersson, Martin
name: Grumer, Jon
name: Ryde, Nils
name: Blackwell-Whitehead, Richard
name: Hutton, Roger
name: Zou, Yaming
name: Jönsson, Per
name: Brage, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The three Mn I lines at 17325, 17339 and 17349 Å~are among the 25 strongest lines ($\log(gf)>0.5$) in the H-band. They are all heavily broadened due to hyperfine structure and the profiles of these lines have so far not been understood. Earlier studies of these lines even suggested that they were blended. In this work, the profiles of these three infra-red (IR) lines have been studied theoretically and compared to experimental spectra to assist in the complete understanding of the solar spectrum in the IR. It is shown that the structure of these lines can not be described in the conventional way by the diagonal $A$ and $B$ hyperfine interaction constants. The off-diagonal hyperfine interaction not only has large impact on the energies of the hyperfine levels, but also introduces a large intensity redistribution among the hyperfine lines, changing the line profiles dramatically. By performing large-scale calculations of the diagonal and off-diagonal hyperfine interaction and $gf$-values between the upper and lower hyperfine levels and using a semi-empirical fitting procedure, agreement between our synthetic and experimental spectra was achieved. Furthermore, we compare our results with observations of stellar spectra. The spectra of the Sun and the K1.5 III red giant star Arcturus were modelled in the relevant region, $1.73-1.74$ $μ$m using our theoretically predicted $gf$-values and energies for each individual hyperfine line. Satisfactory fits were obtained and clear improvements were found using our new data compared with the old available Mn I data. A complete list of energies and $gf$-values for all the $3d^54s({^7S})4d$ e$^{6}$D $-$ $3d^54s({^7S})4f$ w$^{6}$F hyperfine lines are available as supplementary material online, whereas only the stronger lines are presented and discussed in detail in this paper.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables (more data tables will be available online when published in Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series)
Functional
Creators: name: Seiser, Eric L.
name: Rzyman, Witold
name: Auman, Todd
name: Etheridge, Amy S.
name: Mirza, Osman
name: Jassem, Jacek
name: Jantus-Lewintre, Eloisa
name: Owzar, Kouros
name: Paré-Brunet, Laia
name: Innocenti, Federico
name: Jiang, Chen
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Dziadziuszko, Rafal
name: Camps, Carlos
name: Crona, Daniel
name: Hirsch, Fred R.
name: Glubb, Dylan M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BACKGROUND: We propose that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway of angiogenesis will associate with survival in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

METHODS: Fifty-three SNPs in vascular endothelial growth factor-pathway genes were genotyped in 150 European stage I-III NSCLC patients and tested for associations with patient survival. Replication was performed in an independent cohort of 142 European stage I-III patients. Reporter gene assays were used to assess the effects of SNPs on transcriptional activity.

RESULTS: In the initial cohort, five SNPs associated (q < 0.05) with relapse-free survival (RFS). The minor alleles of intronic FLT1 SNPs, rs7996030 and rs9582036, associated with reduced RFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.67 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.22-2.29] and HR = 1.51 [95% CI, 1.14-2.01], respectively) and reduced transcriptional activity. The minor alleles of intronic KRAS SNPs, rs12813551 and rs10505980, associated with increased RFS (HR = 0.64 [0.46-0.87] and HR = 0.64 [0.47-0.87], respectively), and the minor allelic variant of rs12813551 also reduced transcriptional activity. Lastly, the minor allele of the intronic KRAS SNP rs10842513 associated with reduced RFS (HR = 1.65 [95% CI, 1.16-2.37]). Analysis of the functional variants suggests they are located in transcriptional enhancer elements. The negative effect of rs9582036 on RFS was confirmed in the replication cohort (HR = 1.69 [0.99-2.89], p = 0.028), and the association was significant in pooled analysis of both cohorts (HR = 1.67 [1.21-2.30], p = 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: The functional FLT1 variant rs9582036 is a prognostic determinant of recurrence in stage I-III NSCLC. Its predictive value should be tested in the adjuvant setting of stage I-III NSCLC.
Turbo: Effective Caching in Differentially-Private Databases
Creators: name: Kostopoulou, Kelly
name: Tholoniat, Pierre
name: Cidon, Asaf
name: Geambasu, Roxana
name: Lécuyer, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Differentially-private (DP) databases allow for privacy-preserving analytics over sensitive datasets or data streams. In these systems, user privacy is a limited resource that must be conserved with each query. We propose Turbo, a novel, state-of-the-art caching layer for linear query workloads over DP databases. Turbo builds upon private multiplicative weights (PMW), a DP mechanism that is powerful in theory but ineffective in practice, and transforms it into a highly-effective caching mechanism, PMW-Bypass, that uses prior query results obtained through an external DP mechanism to train a PMW to answer arbitrary future linear queries accurately and "for free" from a privacy perspective. Our experiments on public Covid19 and CitiBike datasets show that Turbo with PMW-Bypass conserves 1.7-15.9x more budget compared to vanilla PMW and simpler cache designs, a significant improvement. Moreover, Turbo provides support for range query workloads, such as timeseries or streams, where opportunities exist to further conserve privacy budget through DP parallel composition and warm-starting of PMW state. Our work provides a theoretical foundation and general system design for effective caching in DP databases.
description: Extended version of a paper presented at the 29th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '23)
Holographic entanglement entropy probe on spontaneous symmetry breaking with vector order
Creators: name: Park, Chanyong
name: Kim, Gitae
name: Chae, Ji-seong
name: Oh, Jae-Hyuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study holographic entanglement entropy in 5-dimensional charged black brane geometry obtained from Einstein-SU(2)Yang-Mills theory defined in asymptotically AdS space. This gravity system undergoes second order phase transition near its critical point affected by a spatial component of the Yang-Mills fields, which is normalizable mode of the solution. This is known as phase transition between isotropic and anisotropic phases. We get analytic solutions of holographic entanglement entropies by utilizing the solution of bulk spacetime geometry given in arXiv:1109.4592, where we consider subsystems defined on AdS boundary of which shapes are wide and thin slabs and a cylinder. It turns out that the entanglement entropies near the critical point shows scaling behavior such that for both of the slabs and cylinder, $Δ_\varepsilon S\sim\left(1-\frac{T}{T_c}\right)^β$ and the critical exponent $β=1$, where $Δ_\varepsilon S\equiv S^{iso}-S^{aniso}$, and $S^{iso}$ denotes the entanglement entropy in isotropic phase whereas $S^{aniso}$ denotes that in anisotropic phase. We suggest a quantity $O_{12}\equiv S_1-S_2$ as a new order parameter near the critical point, where $S_1$ is entanglement entropy when the slab is perpendicular to the direction of the vector order whereas $S_2$ is that when the slab is parallel to the vector order. $O_{12}=0$ in isotropic phase but in anisotropic phase, the order parameter becomes non-zero showing the same scaling behavior. Finally, we show that even near the critical point, the first law of entanglement entropy is hold. Especially, we find that the entanglement temperature for the cylinder is $\mathcal T_{cy}=\frac{c_{ent}}{a}$, where $c_{ent}=0.163004\pm0.000001$ and $a$ is the radius of the cylinder.
description: 1+29 pages, 4 figures, typos are corrected, a few paragraphs are added in introduction and discussion section is added
Time Evolution of Typical Pure States from a Macroscopic Hilbert Subspace
Creators: name: Teufel, Stefan
name: Tumulka, Roderich
name: Vogel, Cornelia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a macroscopic quantum system with unitarily evolving pure state $ψ_t\in \mathcal{H}$ and take it for granted that different macro states correspond to mutually orthogonal, high-dimensional subspaces $\mathcal{H}_ν$ (macro spaces) of $\mathcal{H}$. Let $P_ν$ denote the projection to $\mathcal{H}_ν$. We prove two facts about the evolution of the superposition weights $\|P_νψ_t\|^2$: First, given any $T>0$, for most initial states $ψ_0$ from any particular macro space $\mathcal{H}_μ$ (possibly far from thermal equilibrium), the curve $t\mapsto \|P_νψ_t\|^2$ is approximately the same (i.e., nearly independent of $ψ_0$) on the time interval $[0,T]$. And second, for most $ψ_0$ from $\mathcal{H}_μ$ and most $t\in[0,\infty)$, $\|P_νψ_t\|^2$ is close to a value $M_{μν}$ that is independent of both $t$ and $ψ_0$. The first is an instance of the phenomenon of dynamical typicality observed by Bartsch, Gemmer, and Reimann, and the second modifies, extends, and in a way simplifies the concept, introduced by von Neumann, now known as normal typicality.
description: 28 pages LaTeX, 3 figures