cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Condensation of Lattice Defects and Melting Transitions in Quantum Hall phases
Creators: name: Cho, Gil Young
name: Parrikar, Onkar
name: You, Yizhi
name: Leigh, Robert G.
name: Hughes, Taylor L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent progress in understanding the interplay between lattice and electronic topological phases, we consider quantum-melting transitions of {\it weak} quantum liquid crystals, a crystal and a nematic phase, in which electrons form a quantum Hall state. In certain classes of Chern band insulators and quantum Hall phases, it has been previously demonstrated that there are topological Chern-Simons terms such as a Hall viscosity term and a gravitational Chern-Simons term for local lattice deformations. The Chern-Simons terms can induce anyonic statistics for the topological lattice defects and furthermore dress the defects with certain symmetry quantum numbers. On the other hand, the melting transitions of such liquid-crystalline orders are driven by the condensation of lattice defects. Based on these observations, we show how the topological terms can change the nature of the proximate disordered phases of the quantum liquid crystalline phases. We derive and study the effective dual field theories for the liquid crystalline phases with the geometric Chern-Simons terms, and carefully examine the symmetry quantum numbers and statistics of defects. We show that a crystal may go through a continuous phase transition into another crystal with the new discrete translational symmetries because the dislocation, the topological defect in the crystal, carries non-zero crystal momentum due to the Hall viscosity term. For the nematic phase, the disclination will condense at the phase transition to the isotropic phase, and we show that the isotropic phase may support a deconfined fractionally charged excitation due to the Wen-Zee term, and thus the isotropic phase and the nematic phase have different electromagnetic Hall responses.
description: minor changes, updated acknowledgement, 11 pages, 2 figures,
Vibration Isolation Performance of an Adaptive Magnetorheological Elastomer-Based Dynamic Vibration Absorber
Creators: name: Choi, Young
name: Wereley, Norman M.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: adaptive vibration isolation
magnetorheological elastomer (MRE)
dynamic vibration absorber (DVA)
high frequency vibration

description: This study evaluates the vibration isolation performance of an adaptive magnetorheological elastomer (MRE)-based dynamic vibration absorber (MRE-DVA) for mitigating the high frequency vibrations (100–250 Hz) of target devices. A simple and effective MRE-DVA design was presented and its vibration isolation performance was experimentally measured. A cylindrical shaped MRE pad was configured to be operated in shear mode and also worked as a semi-actively tunable spring for achieving adaptive DVA. A complex stiffness analysis for the damper force cycle was conducted and it was experimentally observed that the controllable dynamic stiffness range of the MRE-DVA was greater than two over the tested frequency range. The transmissibility of a target system was measured and used as a performance index to evaluate its vibration isolation performance. It was also experimentally demonstrated that a better vibration isolation performance of the target device exposed to the high frequency vibrations could be achieved by using the adaptive MRE-DVA.
Sustainability assessment of product lifetime extension through increased repair and reuse
Creators: name: Bracquené, Ellen
name: Dewulf, Wim
name: Duflou, Joost
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
subject: 600 Technik, Technologie
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: LCA
subject: laptops
subject: repair

description: The concept of circular economy is characterized as an economy that aims to keep products, components and materials at their highest utility and value at all times. Based on data collected by reuse initiatives, computers are often considered for self-repair by consumers willing to repair their devices. In order to increase the number of successful repairs and reduce the required time, current European policy aims to improve the repairability of products. The potential environmental benefits of reuse after repair is investigated in this paper by considering a baseline, recycling and reuse scenario. The results indicate that repair of laptops should be considered before discarding for material recycling. The potential benefits of material recycling for high-end or closed loop applications remain limited. If the extended life is at least 2 years, the number of components to be replaced does not influence the decision-making. The results also show that increased energy efficiency of new laptops has a limited impact on the overall results.
Code and data for: Fishery catch is affected by geographic expansion, fishing down food webs and climate change in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Creators: name: Lavin, Charles P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Please find the R script and data utilised for the manuscript: Fishery catch is affected by geographic expansion, fishing down food webs and climate change in Aotearoa, New Zealand. From Charles P. Lavin, Daniel Pauly, Donna Dimarchopoulou, Cui Liang, Mark John Costello Corresponding author: Charles P. Lavin, charles.p.lavin@nord.no Included is the main R script to complete analyses and re-create figures (file: 'Lavin_et_al_NZ_MTC_MTL_code_final.R'), As well as data files required to run the R script, including: Sea surface temperature anomaly data (file: 'NZ_EEZ_SSTA_1950_2020.csv') extracted from https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.kaplan_sst.html The Sea Around Us fisheries catch data for New Zealand's EEZ (accessed 01 May 2022) (files: 'SAU EEZ 554 v50-0.csv' & 'SAU EEZ 555 v50-0.csv'). This data is available open-access at https://www.seaaroundus.org/ FAO fisheries catch data for New Zealand's EEZ (accessed 01 June 203) (files: 'NZ_FAO_catch_data.csv'). This data is available open-access via the FAO's FishStatJ software (https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/topic/166235) Species milieu classifications derived from individual species' FishBase pages (file: 'SAU_spp_milieu.csv'), see https://www.fishbase.se/search.php The list of species contained in sensitivity analyses (file: 'spp_list_Durante.csv'), derived from those species analysed in Durante et al. (2020). Durante LM, Beentjes MP, Wing SR (2020) Shifting trophic architecture of marine fisheries in New Zealand: Implications for guiding effective ecosystem-based management. Fish and Fisheries 21:813-830. Values calculated for the adjusted Mean Trophic Level (aMTL, files: 'Full_SAU_aMTL.csv', 'Reduced_SAU_aMTL.csv', 'FAO_aMTL.csv'). aMTL analyses were adapted from the region-based Marine Trophic Index (RMTI) completed by Liang & Pauly (2017). Liang C, Pauly D (2017) Fisheries impacts on China’s coastal ecosystems: Unmasking a pervasive ‘fishing down’ effect. PLoS One 12:e0173296. An online tool for computing the RMTI is available at: http://www.seaaroundus.org/regional-mti-tools/
Программа создания научной школы «Научно-инженерная школа Института психологии РАН» (НИШИП или НИШИПРАН)
Creators: name: Царев, Владимир Петрович
name: ChatGPT Bot
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Программа разработана В.П.Царевым с использованием бота ChatGPT https://t.me/chatsgpts_bot
Code and data for: Distinguishing the effects of fisheries and a warming climate on fish populations in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Creators: name: Lavin, Charles P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Please find the R script and data utilised for the manuscript: Distinguishing the effects of fisheries and a warming climate on fish populations in Aotearoa, New Zealand. From Charles P. Lavin, Daniel Pauly, Donna Dimarchopoulou, Cui Liang, Mark John Costello Corresponding author: Charles P. Lavin, charles.p.lavin@nord.no Included is the main R script to complete analyses and re-create figures (file: 'Lavin_et_al_NZ_MTC_MTL_code.R'), As well as data files required to run the R script, including: Sea surface temperature anomaly data (file: 'NZ_EEZ_SSTA_1950_2020.csv') extracted from https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.kaplan_sst.html The Sea Around Us fisheries catch data for New Zealand's EEZ (accessed 01 May 2022) (files: 'SAU EEZ 554 v50-0.csv' & 'SAU EEZ 555 v50-0.csv') This data is available open-access at https://www.seaaroundus.org/ Species milieu classifications (Excel document), with classifications derived from individual species' FishBase pages (file: 'SAU_spp_milieu.csv') see https://www.fishbase.se/search.php Values calculated for the adjusted Mean Trophic Level (aMTL) (file: 'aMTL_values.csv') aMTL analysis was adapted from the region-based Marine Trophic Index (RMTI) completed by Liang & Pauly (2017) Liang C, Pauly D (2017) Fisheries impacts on China’s coastal ecosystems: Unmasking a pervasive ‘fishing down’ effect. PLoS One 12:e0173296 An online tool for completing the RMTI is available at: http://www.seaaroundus.org/regional-mti-tools/
Relationship between Receipt of a Social Protection Grant for a Child and Second Pregnancy Rates among South African Women: A Cohort Study
Creators: name: Westreich, Daniel
name: Bor, Jacob
name: Twine, Rhian
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Nguyen, Nadia
name: Rosenberg, Molly
name: Bärnighausen, Till
name: Kahn, Kathleen
name: Tollman, Stephen
name: Mee, Paul
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundSocial protection programs issuing cash grants to caregivers of young children may influence fertility. Grant-related income could foster economic independence and/or increase access to job prospects, education, and health services, resulting in lower pregnancy rates. In the other direction, these programs may motivate family expansion in order to receive larger grants. Here, we estimate the net effect of these countervailing mechanisms among rural South African women.MethodsWe constructed a retrospective cohort of 4845 women who first became eligible for the Child Support Grant with the birth of their first child between 1998 and 2008, with data originally collected by the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. We fit Cox regression models to estimate the hazard of second pregnancy in women who reported grant receipt after birth of first child, relative to non-recipients. As a secondary analysis to explore the potential for grant loss to incentivize second pregnancy, we exploited a natural experiment created by a 2003 expansion of the program’s age eligibility criterion from age seven to nine. We compared second pregnancy rates between (i) women with children age seven or eight in 2002 (recently aged out of grant eligibility) to (ii) women with children age seven or eight in 2003 (remained grant-eligible).ResultsThe adjusted hazard ratio for the association between grant exposure and second pregnancy was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.75). Women with first children who aged out of grant eligibility in 2002 had similar second pregnancy rates to women with first children who remained grant-eligible in 2003 [IRR (95% CI): 0.9 (0.5, 1.4)].ConclusionsAcross both primary and secondary analyses, we found no evidence that the Child Support Grant incentivizes pregnancy. In harmony with South African population policy, receipt of the Child Support Grant may result in longer spacing between pregnancies.
The Combined Real-Time Global Ionospheric Maps for Precise GNSS Applications
Creators: name: Wang, Ningbo
name: Li, Zishen
name: Li, Ang
name: Liu, Ang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Benefiting from the global multi-frequency and multi-constellation GNSS measurements provided by the International GNSS Real-Time Service (IGS-RTS), real-time global ionospheric maps (RT-GIMs) have been provided by several ionospheric analysis centers of the International GNSS Service (IGS) since 2017. Considering the potential unstable ionospheric streams from individual analysis centers in real applications, we propose a sliding window based differential slant total electron content (dSTEC) weighting technique for the combination of Real-Time Global Ionospheric Maps (RT-GIMs). The combined RT-GIMs are generated using real-time ionospheric streams from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) and Wuhan University (WHU). The performance of combined RT-GIMs is validated in both ionospheric correction and positioning domains. The evaluation in the ionospheric correction domain is performed by comparison with the IGS final combined GIM, i.e. the IGS-GIM, as well as the independent ionospheric TEC observables derived from the Jason-3 altimetry and near-real-time DORIS observation data. The positioning performance of combined RT-GIMs is also evaluated in ionospheric corrected single-frequency standard point positioning (SF-SPP) and ionospheric constricted single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP), by analyzing the 95% quantile of positioning residuals. Compared to IGS-GIM corrected results, the positioning accuracy of our combined RT-GIMs decreases by 5.1% and 6.8% in SF-SPP and SF-PPP analysis, respectively. When compared to BDGIM (the BDS-3 global broadcast ionospheric model) corrected results, the positioning accuracy of combined RT-GIMs increases by 17.2% in SF-SPP and 9.8% in SF-PPP, respectively. CAS combined RT-GIM streams are transmitted in both RTCM-SSR (IONO01IGS0) and IGS-SSR (IONO01IGS1) standards, which are accessible from the IGS (products.igs-ip.net:2101) casters since January 2022.
A Machine Learning Model for Food Source Attribution of Listeria monocytogenes
Creators: name: Tanui, Collins K.
name: Benefo, Edmund O.
name: Karanth, Shraddha
name: Pradhan, Abani K.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: Listeria monocytogenes
food source attribution
whole-genome sequencing
machine learning
predictive modeling

description: Despite its low morbidity, listeriosis has a high mortality rate due to the severity of its clinical manifestations. The source of human listeriosis is often unclear. In this study, we investigate the ability of machine learning to predict the food source from which clinical Listeria monocytogenes isolates originated. Four machine learning classification algorithms were trained on core genome multilocus sequence typing data of 1212 L. monocytogenes isolates from various food sources. The average accuracies of random forest, support vector machine radial kernel, stochastic gradient boosting, and logit boost were found to be 0.72, 0.61, 0.7, and 0.73, respectively. Logit boost showed the best performance and was used in model testing on 154 L. monocytogenes clinical isolates. The model attributed 17.5 % of human clinical cases to dairy, 32.5% to fruits, 14.3% to leafy greens, 9.7% to meat, 4.6% to poultry, and 18.8% to vegetables. The final model also provided us with genetic features that were predictive of specific sources. Thus, this combination of genomic data and machine learning-based models can greatly enhance our ability to track L. monocytogenes from different food sources.
Relatively Small Contribution of Methylation and Genomic Copy Number Aberration to the Aberrant Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Creators: name: Lin, Dongxin
name: Tan, Wen
name: Zhang, Guosheng
name: Bi, Xinyu
name: Qiao, Yan
name: Zhao, Hong
name: Chang, Jiang
name: Li, Yun
name: Huang, Xudong
name: Yu, Dianke
name: Wu, Chen
name: Cai, Jianqiang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundIt is well known that chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the causes behind aberrant expression of inflammation-related genes occurred in HCC remain unclear.MethodsWe performed array-based analyses to comprehensively investigate the contributions of DNA methylation and somatic copy number aberration (SCNA) to the aberrant expression of 1,027 inflammation-related genes in 30 HCCs and paired non-tumor tissues. The results were validated in public datasets and an additional sample set of 47 paired HCCs and non-tumor tissues.ResultsWe identified 252 differentially expressed, 125 aberrantly methylated and 287 copy number changed inflammation-related genes. Despite reasonable statistical power, among them, only 11 genes and 56 genes whose aberrant expression was associated with DNA methylation or SCNA, respectively. DNA methylation and SCNA together contributed to less than 30% aberrant expression of inflammation-related genes.ConclusionThese results suggest that molecular mechanisms other than DNA methylation and SCNA might play major role in the regulation of aberrant expression of inflammation-related gene in HBV-related HCCs.
Ribavirin Contributes to Hepatitis C Virus Suppression by Augmenting pDC Activation and Type 1 IFN Production
Creators: name: Li, Guangming
name: Lemon, Stanley M
name: Niu, Junqi
name: McGivern, David R
name: Su, Lishan
name: Reszka-Blanco, Natalia J
name: Wang, Yang
name: Cheng, Liang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Ribavirin is used as a component of combination therapies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection together with pegylated interferon and/or direct-acting antiviral drugs. Its mechanism of action, however, is not clear. Direct antiviral activity and immunomodulatory functions have been implicated. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the principal source of type 1 interferon during viral infection. The interaction of pDCs with HCV-infected hepatocytes is the subject of intense recent investigation, but the effect of ribavirin on pDC activation has not been evaluated. In this study we showed that ribavirin augments toll-like receptors 7 and 9-mediated IFNα/β expression from pDCs and up-regulated numerous interferon-stimulated genes. Using the H77S.3 HCV infection and replication system, we showed that ribavirin enhanced the ability of activated pDCs to inhibit HCV replication, correlated with elevated induction of IFNα. Our findings provide novel evidence that ribavirin contributes to HCV inhibition by augmenting pDCs-derived type 1 IFN production.
Flexible Modeling of Epidemics with an Empirical Bayes Framework
Creators: name: Brooks, Logan C.
name: Farrow, David C.
name: Hyun, Sangwon
name: Tibshirani, Ryan J.
name: Rosenfeld, Roni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Seasonal influenza epidemics cause consistent, considerable, widespread loss annually in terms of economic burden, morbidity, and mortality. With access to accurate and reliable forecasts of a current or upcoming influenza epidemic's behavior, policy makers can design and implement more effective countermeasures. We developed a framework for in-season forecasts of epidemics using a semiparametric Empirical Bayes framework, and applied it to predict the weekly percentage of outpatient doctors visits for influenza-like illness, as well as the season onset, duration, peak time, and peak height, with and without additional data from Google Flu Trends, as part of the CDC's 2013--2014 "Predict the Influenza Season Challenge". Previous work on epidemic modeling has focused on developing mechanistic models of disease behavior and applying time series tools to explain historical data. However, these models may not accurately capture the range of possible behaviors that we may see in the future. Our approach instead produces possibilities for the epidemic curve of the season of interest using modified versions of data from previous seasons, allowing for reasonable variations in the timing, pace, and intensity of the seasonal epidemics, as well as noise in observations. Since the framework does not make strict domain-specific assumptions, it can easily be applied to other diseases as well. Another important advantage of this method is that it produces a complete posterior distribution for any desired forecasting target, rather than mere point predictions. We report prospective influenza-like-illness forecasts that were made for the 2013--2014 U.S. influenza season, and compare the framework's cross-validated prediction error on historical data to that of a variety of simpler baseline predictors.
description: 52 pages
Impaired LEF1 Activation Accelerates iPSC-Derived Keratinocytes Differentiation in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome
Creators: name: Mao, Xiaojing
name: Xiong, Zheng-Mei
name: Xue, Huijing
name: Brown, Markus A.
name: Gete, Yantenew G.
name: Yu, Reynold
name: Sun, Linlin
name: Cao, Kan
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: HGPS
progeria
lamin A
WNT signaling
LEF1
epidermal development
keratins

description: Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a detrimental premature aging disease caused by a point mutation in the human LMNA gene. This mutation results in the abnormal accumulation of a truncated pre-lamin A protein called progerin. Among the drastically accelerated signs of aging in HGPS patients, severe skin phenotypes such as alopecia and sclerotic skins always develop with the disease progression. Here, we studied the HGPS molecular mechanisms focusing on early skin development by differentiating patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to a keratinocyte lineage. Interestingly, HGPS iPSCs showed an accelerated commitment to the keratinocyte lineage than the normal control. To study potential signaling pathways that accelerated skin development in HGPS, we investigated the WNT pathway components during HGPS iPSCs-keratinocytes induction. Surprisingly, despite the unaffected β-catenin activity, the expression of a critical WNT transcription factor LEF1 was diminished from an early stage in HGPS iPSCs-keratinocytes differentiation. A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiment further revealed strong bindings of LEF1 to the early-stage epithelial developmental markers K8 and K18 and that the LEF1 silencing by siRNA down-regulates the K8/K18 transcription. During the iPSCs-keratinocytes differentiation, correction of HGPS mutation by Adenine base editing (ABE), while in a partial level, rescued the phenotypes for accelerated keratinocyte lineage-commitment. ABE also reduced the cell death in HGPS iPSCs-derived keratinocytes. These findings brought new insight into the molecular basis and therapeutic application for the skin abnormalities in HGPS.
Stop and Sbottom LSP with R-parity Violation
Creators: name: Chun, Eung Jin
name: Jung, Sunghoon
name: Lee, Hyun Min
name: Park, Seong Chan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considering a third-generation squark as the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), we investigate R-parity violating collider signatures with bilinear LH or trilinear LQD operators that may contribute to observed neutrino masses and mixings. Reinterpreting the LHC 7+8 TeV results of SUSY and leptoquark searches, we find that third-generation squark LSPs decaying to first- or second-generation leptons are generally excluded up to at least about 660 GeV at 95%C.L.. One notable feature of many models is that sbottoms can decay to top quarks and charged leptons that lead to a broader invariant mass spectrum and weaker collider constraints. More dedicated searches with $b$-taggings or top reconstructions are thus encouraged. Finally, we discuss that the recently observed excesses in the CMS leptoquark search can be accommodated by the decay of sbottom LSPs in the LQD$_{113+131}$ model.
description: 17 pages, v2: figure 5 is corrected and more references are cited
Risk Behaviours among Female Sex Workers in China: A Systematic Review and Data Synthesis
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaohu
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Sun, Peng
name: Chow, Eric P. F.
name: Tucker, Joseph D.
name: Zhao, Rui
name: Jing, Jun
name: Sun, Xiaoshu
name: Yuan, Lei
name: Wang, Yanjie
name: Muessig, Kathryn E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundCommercial sex is one of the major modes of HIV transmission in China. Understanding HIV risk behaviours in female sex workers (FSW) is of great importance for prevention. This study aims to assess the magnitude and temporal changes of risk behaviours in Chinese FSW.MethodFive electronic databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed English and Chinese language articles published between January 2000 and December 2012 that reported risk behaviours among FSW in China, including condom use, HIV testing, and drug use. Linear regression and Spearman's rank correlation were used to examine temporal trends in these risk factors. The study followed PRISMA guidelines for meta-analyses and was registered in the PROSPERO database for systematic reviews.ResultsA total of 583 articles (44 English, 539 Chinese) investigating 594,583 Chinese FSW were included in this review. At last sex, condom use was highest with commercial partners (clients), increasing from 53.7% in 2000 to 84.9% in 2011. During this same time period, condom use increased with regular partners from 15.2% to 40.4% and with unspecified partners from 38.6% to 82.5%. Increasing trends were also found in the proportion of sampled FSW who reported testing for HIV in the past 12 months (from 3.2% in 2000 to 48.0% in 2011), while drug use behaviours decreased significantly from 10.9% to 2.6%.ConclusionDuring the first decade of 2000, Chinese FSWs’ self-reported risk behaviours have decreased significantly while HIV testing has increased. Further outreach and intervention efforts are needed to encourage condom use with regular partners, continue promotion of HIV testing, and provide resources for the most vulnerable FSW, particularly low tier FSW, who may have limited access to sexual health and prevention programs.
title: مضمون المصادر المحلية لتاريخ الكويت ومنهجيتها/ عبد الرحمن محمد ناصر الإبراهيم.
Creators: name: الإبراهيم، عبد الرحمن محمد ناصر.
Publisher: name: الأرشيف والمكتبة الوطنية
Year: 2015
Subjects: الكويت - تاريخ - مصادر.

 الدافع إلى كتابة هذا الموضوع هو عدم تبني الباحثون في تاريخ الكويت مشروعاً للكتابة في تاريخ الكويت بأسلوب علمي أكاديمي منهجي، مع وجود محاولات من غير المتخصصين أو محاولة بعض الأكاديميين كتابة جزء انتقائي من تاريخ الكويت. وهذا البحث لتوثيق القصور في مصادر تاريخ الكويت؛ والإشارة الى الخلل في المضمون والمنهجية؛ إذ سيناقش ثلاث جوانب رئيسية: أولها التعريف بالمؤرخين الخمسة وذكر محتويات المصادر التي كتبوها، والثاني مناقشة منهجية هذه المصادر من ثلاث محاور: أوجه الشبه والاختلاف فيما بينها، والنقل الشفوي كأداة لكتابة التاريخ، وأخيراً المصادر الكتابية وكيفية استفادة الكاتبين منها. أما الجانب الثالث فهو نقد مضمون هذه الكتب التاريخية ببحث أسباب إغفالها أحداثاً مهمة على الصعيد الداخلي، منها مجلس عام 1921، وعدم ذكرها أحداثاً خارجية كان لها صدى في الكويت مثل القضية الفلسطينية. ويختتم البحث بالتوصيات والنتائج.
Identification of jump Markov linear models using particle filters
Creators: name: Svensson, Andreas
name: Schön, Thomas B.
name: Lindsten, Fredrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Jump Markov linear models consists of a finite number of linear state space models and a discrete variable encoding the jumps (or switches) between the different linear models. Identifying jump Markov linear models makes for a challenging problem lacking an analytical solution. We derive a new expectation maximization (EM) type algorithm that produce maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters. Our development hinges upon recent progress in combining particle filters with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in solving the nonlinear state smoothing problem inherent in the EM formulation. Key to our development is that we exploit a conditionally linear Gaussian substructure in the model, allowing for an efficient algorithm.
description: Accepted to 53rd IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), 2014 (Los Angeles, CA, USA)
A Verified Decision Procedure for Univariate Real Arithmetic with the BKR Algorithm
Creators: name: Cordwell, Katherine
name: Tan, Yong Kiam
name: Platzer, André
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (LZI)
Year: 2021
Subjects: quantifier elimination
matrix
theorem proving
real arithmetic
Theory of computation → Logic and verification

description: We formalize the univariate fragment of Ben-Or, Kozen, and Reif’s (BKR) decision procedure for first-order real arithmetic in Isabelle/HOL. BKR’s algorithm has good potential for parallelism and was designed to be used in practice. Its key insight is a clever recursive procedure that computes the set of all consistent sign assignments for an input set of univariate polynomials while carefully managing intermediate steps to avoid exponential blowup from naively enumerating all possible sign assignments (this insight is fundamental for both the univariate case and the general case). Our proof combines ideas from BKR and a follow-up work by Renegar that are well-suited for formalization. The resulting proof outline allows us to build substantially on Isabelle/HOL’s libraries for algebra, analysis, and matrices. Our main extensions to existing libraries are also detailed.
Risk Factors for Hemorrhoids on Screening Colonoscopy
Creators: name: Galanko, Joseph A.
name: Peery, Anne F.
name: Baron, John A.
name: Ahnen, Dennis J.
name: Barry, Elizabeth L.
name: Sandler, Robert S.
name: Figueiredo, Jane C.
name: Bresalier, Robert S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundConstipation, a low fiber diet, sedentary lifestyle and gravidity are commonly assumed to increase the risk of hemorrhoids. However, evidence regarding these factors is limited. We examined the association between commonly cited risk factors and the prevalence of hemorrhoids.MethodsWe performed a cross sectional study of participants who underwent a colonoscopy in a colorectal adenoma prevention trial and who had a detailed assessment of bowel habits, diet and activity. The presence of hemorrhoids was extracted from the subjects’ colonoscopy reports. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals while adjusting for age and sex.ResultsThe study included 2,813 participants. Of these, 1,074 had hemorrhoids recorded. Constipation was associated with an increased prevalence of hemorrhoids (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.11, 1.86). Of the fiber subtypes, high grain fiber intake was associated with a reduced risk (OR for quartile 4 versus quartile 1 = 0.78, 95% CI 0.62, 0.98). We found no association when comparing gravid and nulligravida women (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.62–1.40). Sedentary behavior was associated with a reduced risk (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65–0.98), but not physical activity (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.66–1.03). Neither being overweight nor obese was associated with the presence of hemorrhoids (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.72–1.09 and OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.70–1.06).ConclusionsConstipation is associated with an increased risk of hemorrhoids. Gravidity and physical activity do not appear to be associated. High grain fiber intake and sedentary behavior are associated with a decreased risk of hemorrhoids.
Risk Factors for Men’s Lifetime Perpetration of Physical Violence against Intimate Partners: Results from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) in Eight Countries
Creators: name: Barker, Gary
name: Fleming, Paul J.
name: Heilman, Brian
name: McCleary-Sills, Jennifer
name: Levtov, Ruti
name: Morton, Matthew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This paper examines men’s lifetime physical intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration across eight low- and middle-income countries to better understand key risk factors that interventions can target in order to promote gender equality and reduce IPV. We use data from men (n = 7806) that were collected as part of the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Chile, Croatia, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), India, Mexico, and Rwanda. Results show that there is wide variation across countries for lifetime self-reported physical violence perpetration (range: 17% in Mexico to 45% in DRC), men’s support for equal roles for men and women, and acceptability of violence against women. Across the sample, 31% of men report having perpetrated physical violence against a partner in their lifetime. In multivariate analyses examining risk factors for men ever perpetrating physical violence against a partner, witnessing parental violence was the strongest risk factor, reinforcing previous research suggesting the inter-generational transmission of violence. Additionally, having been involved in fights not specifically with an intimate partner, permissive attitudes towards violence against women, having inequitable gender attitudes, and older age were associated with a higher likelihood of ever perpetrating physical IPV. In separate analyses for each country, we found different patterns of risk factors in countries with high perpetration compared to countries with low perpetration. Findings are interpreted to identify key knowledge gaps and directions for future research, public policies, evaluation, and programming.
Short Message Service (SMS)-Based Intervention to Improve Treatment Adherence among HIV-Positive Youth in Uganda: Focus Group Findings
Creators: name: Kambugu, Andrew
name: Mukasa, Barbara
name: Wagner, Glenn J.
name: Huang, Haijing
name: Rana, Yashodhara
name: Thirumurthy, Harsha
name: Linnemayr, Sebastian
name: Wabukala, Peter
name: Haberer, Jessica
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This paper presents one of the first qualitative studies to discuss programmatic barriers to SMS-based interventions for HIV-positive youth and discusses pathways through which youth perceive them to work. We conducted six focus groups with 20 male and 19 female HIV-positive youths in two clinics in Kampala, Uganda. We find that youth commonly use SMS as over 90% of this study’s youths knew how to read, write and send messages and almost three-fourths of them had phones. Youth strongly felt that the success of this intervention hinged on ensuring confidentiality about their HIV-positive status. Key programmatic challenges discussed where restrictions on phone use and phone sharing that could exclude some youth. Participants felt that the intervention would improve their adherence by providing them with needed reminders and social support. Youths’ suggestions about intervention logistics related to content, frequency, timing and two-way messages will be helpful to practitioners in the field.
Emotions, Strategies, and Health: Examining the Impact of an Educational Program on Tanzanian Preschool Children
Creators: name: Kauffman, Lauren E.
name: Dura, Elizabeth A.
name: Borzekowski, Dina L. G.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: media
children
socio-emotional development
food preferences
receptivity
television
video
Tanzania

description: Around the world, well-produced television programming can engage vulnerable, hard-to-reach audiences by offering informal education and enrichment. Akili and Me is an animated children’s educational program available in Sub-Saharan Africa that provides age and culturally appropriate lessons. In 2018, the producers created socio-emotional and health content. This study examines the relationship between children’s exposure to the new Akili and Me content and socio-emotional and health outcomes. Participants included low-income school children (mean age 5.32 years, SD = 0.82) from Arusha, Tanzania. Researchers conducted one-on-one baseline and post-intervention surveys with each participant. Over 12 weeks, the children attended afterschool sessions with screenings of Akili and Me, with distinct content screened on different days. The research team recorded children’s attendance and assessed children’s receptivity to the program through character identification. Using MLM regression models with data from 411 participants from 10 public schools, the analyses showed that a greater exposure and receptivity to Akili and Me predicted improved outcomes scores on the socio-emotional and health outcomes, controlling for sex, age, baseline scores, and general media receptivity (non-Akili and Me characters). Contributing to the literature on educational media, this study shows that exposure to an animated program can teach vulnerable preschool children socio-emotional and health content.
Small Heat-Shock Proteins, IbpAB, Protect Non-Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Killing by Macrophage-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species
Creators: name: Sartor, R. Balfour
name: Hansen, Jonathan J.
name: Tchaptchet, Sandrine
name: Goldman, William E.
name: Stasulli, Nikolas
name: Fan, Ting-Jia
name: Goeser, Laura
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Many intracellular bacterial pathogens possess virulence factors that prevent detection and killing by macrophages. However, similar virulence factors in non-pathogenic bacteria are less well-characterized and may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory conditions such as Crohn’s disease. We hypothesize that the small heat shock proteins IbpAB, which have previously been shown to reduce oxidative damage to proteins in vitro and be upregulated in luminal non-pathogenic Escherichia strain NC101 during experimental colitis in vivo, protect commensal E. coli from killing by macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using real-time PCR, we measured ibpAB expression in commensal E. coli NC101 within wild-type (wt) and ROS-deficient (gp91phox-/-) macrophages and in NC101 treated with the ROS generator paraquat. We also quantified survival of NC101 and isogenic mutants in wt and gp91phox-/- macrophages using gentamicin protection assays. Similar assays were performed using a pathogenic E. coli strain O157:H7. We show that non-pathogenic E. coli NC101inside macrophages upregulate ibpAB within 2 hrs of phagocytosis in a ROS-dependent manner and that ibpAB protect E. coli from killing by macrophage-derived ROS. Moreover, we demonstrate that ROS-induced ibpAB expression is mediated by the small E. coli regulatory RNA, oxyS. IbpAB are not upregulated in pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 and do not affect its survival within macrophages. Together, these findings indicate that ibpAB may be novel virulence factors for certain non-pathogenic E. coli strains.
METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS IN FUTURE MUSIC TEACHERS
Creators: name: Tursunaliyeva, Mukhlisakhan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this thesis, the importance of communicative skills in the professional activity of future music teachers, their place in the educational process and development strategies are considered. Modern pedagogical methods, innovative technologies and practical training are discussed for the effective development of communication skills in future teachers. The thesis also presents the influence of communicative skills in the field of music education, the improvement of interaction between the teacher and the student, and the necessary measures and recommendations to increase the effectiveness of the educational process.
Introduction to the Painlevé property, test and analysis
Creators: name: Conte, Robert
name: Musette, Micheline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This short survey presents the essential features of what is called Painlevé analysis, i.e. the set of methods based on the singularities of differential equations in order to perform their explicit integration. Full details can be found in \textit{The Painlevé handbook} or in various lecture notes posted on arXiv.
description: 9 pages, Tampa conference, 9-11 March 2013
Distributed Inference in Tree Networks using Coding Theory
Creators: name: Kailkhura, Bhavya
name: Vempaty, Aditya
name: Varshney, Pramod K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the problem of distributed inference in tree based networks. In the framework considered in this paper, distributed nodes make a 1-bit local decision regarding a phenomenon before sending it to the fusion center (FC) via intermediate nodes. We propose the use of coding theory based techniques to solve this distributed inference problem in such structures. Data is progressively compressed as it moves towards the FC. The FC makes the global inference after receiving data from intermediate nodes. Data fusion at nodes as well as at the FC is implemented via error correcting codes. In this context, we analyze the performance for a given code matrix and also design the optimal code matrices at every level of the tree. We address the problems of distributed classification and distributed estimation separately and develop schemes to perform these tasks in tree networks. The proposed schemes are of practical significance due to their simple structure. We study the asymptotic inference performance of our schemes for two different classes of tree networks: fixed height tree networks, and fixed degree tree networks. We show that the proposed schemes are asymptotically optimal under certain conditions.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
The Contribution of Core-fragmentation on protostellar multiplicity
Creators: name: Kuruwita, R.
name: Haugbølle, T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Star formation, multiplicity, simulation

description: Context. Observations of young multiple star systems find a bimodal distribution in companion frequency and separation. The origin
 of these peaks have often been attributed to binary formation via core and disc-fragmentation. However, theory and simulations
 suggests that young stellar systems that form via core-fragmentation undergo significant orbital evolution.
 Aims. Using simulations of star formation in giant molecular clouds we investigate the influence of environment on multiple star
 formation pathways and the contribution of core-fragmentation is on the formation of close (< 100 AU) binaries.
 Methods. Simulations are run with the adaptive mesh refinement code RAMSES with sufficient resolution to resolve core-fragmentation
 beyond 400 AU and dynamical evolution down to 16 AU, but without the possibility of resolving disc-fragmentation. The evolution
 of the resulting stellar systems is followed over millions of years.
 Results. We find that star formation in lower gas density environments is more clustered, but despite this, the fractions of systems
 that form via dynamical capture and core-fragmentation are broadly consistent at ∼40% and ∼60% respectively. In all gas density
 environments, we find the typical scale at which systems form via core-fragmentation is 103−3.5 AU. After formation, we find that
 systems that form via core-fragmentation have slightly lower inspiral rates (∼ 10−1.75 AU/yr measured over first 10000 yr) compared
 to dynamical capture (∼ 10−1.25 AU/yr). We then compared the simulation with conditions most similar to the Perseus star forming
 region to determine whether the bimodal distribution observed by Tobin et al. (2016b) can be replicated. We find that it can be
 replicated, but it is sensitive to the evolutionary state of the simulation.
 Conclusions. Our results indicate that a significant number of binary star systems with separations < 100 AU can be produced via
 non-disc-fragmentation pathways due to efficient inspiral, suggesting disc-fragmentation is not the dominant formation pathway for
 low-mass close binaries in nature.
Space Environmental Factor Impacts upon Murine Colon Microbiota and Mucosal Homeostasis
Creators: name: Azcarate-Peril, M. Andrea
name: Weeks, Brad R.
name: Turner, Nancy D.
name: Taddeo, Stella S.
name: Zwart, Sara R.
name: Ritchie, Lauren E.
name: Lima, Florence
name: Smith, Scott M.
name: Bloomfield, Susan A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Astronaut intestinal health may be impacted by microgravity, radiation, and diet. The aim of this study was to characterize how high and low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, microgravity, and elevated dietary iron affect colon microbiota (determined by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing) and colon function. Three independent experiments were conducted to achieve these goals: 1) fractionated low LET γ radiation (137Cs, 3 Gy, RAD), high Fe diet (IRON) (650 mg/kg diet), and a combination of low LET γ radiation and high Fe diet (IRON+RAD) in male Sprague-Dawley rats; 2) high LET 38Si particle exposure (0.050 Gy), 1/6 G partial weight bearing (PWB), and a combination of high LET38Si particle exposure and PWB in female BalbC/ByJ mice; and 3) 13 d spaceflight in female C57BL/6 mice. Low LET radiation, IRON and spaceflight increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes. RAD and IRON+RAD increased Lactobacillales and lowered Clostridiales compared to the control (CON) and IRON treatments. Low LET radiation, IRON, and spaceflight did not significantly affect diversity or richness, or elevate pathogenic genera. Spaceflight increased Clostridiales and decreased Lactobacillales, and similar trends were observed in the experiment using a ground-based model of microgravity, suggesting altered gravity may affect colonic microbiota. Although we noted no differences in colon epithelial injury or inflammation, spaceflight elevated TGFβ gene expression. Microbiota and mucosal characterization in these models is a first step in understanding the impact of the space environment on intestinal health.
Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Rac1 Mobility by Actin Islands
Creators: name: Lakhani, Vinal V.
name: Hinde, Elizabeth
name: Elston, Timothy C.
name: Gratton, Enrico
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Rho GTPases play important roles in many aspects of cell migration, including polarity establishment and organizing actin cytoskeleton. In particular, the Rho GTPase Rac1 has been associated with the generation of protrusions at leading edge of migrating cells. Previously we showed the mobility of Rac1 molecules is not uniform throughout a migrating cell (Hinde E et. al. PNAS 2013). Specifically, the closer a Rac1 molecule is to the leading edge, the slower the molecule diffuses. Because actin-bound Rac1 diffuses slower than unbound Rac1, we hypothesized that regions of high actin concentration, called “actin islands”, act as diffusive traps and are responsible for the non-uniform diffusion observed in vivo. Here, in silico model simulations demonstrate that equally spaced actin islands can regulate the time scale for Rac1 diffusion in a manner consistent with data from live-cell imaging experiments. Additionally, we find this mechanism is robust; different patterns of Rac1 mobility can be achieved by changing the actin islands’ positions or their affinity for Rac1.