cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Resolved Molecular Gas Disk around the Nearby A Star 49 Ceti
Creators: name: Hughes, A. M.
name: Wilner, D. J.
name: Kamp, I.
name: Hogerheijde, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The A star 49 Ceti, at a distance of 61 pc, is unusual in retaining a substantial quantity of molecular gas while exhibiting dust properties similar to those of a debris disk. We present resolved observations of the disk around 49 Ceti from the Submillimeter Array in the J=2-1 rotational transition of CO with a resolution of 1.0x1.2 arcsec. The observed emission reveals an extended rotating structure viewed approximately edge-on and clear of detectable CO emission out to a distance of ~90 AU from the star. No 1.3 millimeter continuum emission is detected at a 3-sigma sensitivity of 2.1 mJy/beam. Models of disk structure and chemistry indicate that the inner disk is devoid of molecular gas, while the outer gas disk between 40 and 200 AU from the star is dominated by photochemistry from stellar and interstellar radiation. We determine parameters for a model that reproduces the basic features of the spatially resolved CO J=2-1 emission, the spectral energy distribution, and the unresolved CO J=3-2 spectrum. We investigate variations in disk chemistry and observable properties for a range of structural parameters. 49 Ceti appears to be a rare example of a system in a late stage of transition between a gas-rich protoplanetary disk and a tenuous, virtually gas-free debris disk.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
REPRODUCTIVE AND HORMONAL FACTORS IN RELATION TO LUNG CANCER AMONG NEPALI WOMEN
Creators: name: Vohra, Sanah
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: Public health
subject: Age at Menopause
subject: Lung Cancer
subject: Menstrual Duration
subject: Nepali Women
subject: Reproductive and Hormonal Factors
subject: Tobacco Smoking

description: Over 50% of global lung cancer incidence occurs in less developed regions (LDRs).  Despite this, little is known regarding lung cancer risk factors in LDRs such as Nepal. Using data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted in B. P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital (Nepal, 2009-2012), relationships between reproductive and hormonal factors and lung cancer were examined among women aged 23-85 years. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. Among postmenopausal women, those with a younger age at menopause (<45years; 45-49years) had an increased odds of lung cancer compared to those with an older (¡Ý50years) age at menopause (OR=2.14, 95%CI=1.09, 4.17; OR=1.93, 95%CI=1.07, 3.51, respectively), after adjusting for age and cumulative active smoking. This is the first study to characterize these relationships among Nepali women. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of age at menopause in lung cancer within this understudied population.
High-α-Metal-Rich stars in the LAMOST-MRS survey and its connection with the galactic bulge
Creators: name: Zhang, Haopeng
name: Chen, Yuqin
name: Zhao, Gang
name: Zhao, Jingkun
name: Liang, Xilong
name: Li, Haining
name: Wu, Yaqian
name: Luo, Ali
name: Wang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of a large sample of high-$α$-metal-rich stars on the low giant branch with $2.60.2$ than the comparison group. These properties strongly indicate its connection with the outer bar/bulge region at $R=3-5$ kpc. A tentative interpretation of this special group is that its stars were formed in the X-shaped bar/bulge region, close to its corotation radius, where radial migration is the most intense, and brings them to present locations at 9 kpc and beyond. Low eccentricities and slightly outward radial excursions of its stars are consistent with this scenario. Its kinematics (cold) and chemistry ($[α/Fe]$ $\sim 0.1$) further support the formation of the instability-driven X-shaped bar/bulge from the thin disk.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Exact Markovian kinetic equation for a quantum Brownian oscillator
Creators: name: Tay, B. A.
name: Ordonez, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an exact Markovian kinetic equation for an oscillator linearly coupled to a heat bath, describing quantum Brownian motion. Our work is based on the subdynamics formulation developed by Prigogine and collaborators. The space of distribution functions is decomposed into independent subspaces that remain invariant under Liouville dynamics. For integrable systems in Poincaré's sense the invariant subspaces follow the dynamics of uncoupled, renormalized particles. In contrast for non-integrable systems, the invariant subspaces follow a dynamics with broken-time symmetry, involving generalized functions. This result indicates that irreversibility and stochasticity are exact properties of dynamics in generalized function spaces. We comment on the relation between our Markovian kinetic equation and the Hu-Paz-Zhang equation.
description: A few typos in the published version are corrected
The Effect of Metabolic Substrate on ROS Production During Muscle Contraction
Creators: name: Amorese, Adam James
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cellular biology
subject: Kinesiology

description: Many different disease states are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, which results in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In contrast muscle contraction induces ROS generation suggesting there is an optimal range of ROS production necessary for proper cell function. It is unclear if ROS production is influenced by metabolic substrate flux as a result of the energetic demand of contraction. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate and source of ROS production in contracting single muscle fibers (SMF) cultured with different metabolic substrates. ROS production was assessed in SMF isolated from adult male mice exposed to different stimulation conditions and/or different sources of metabolic substrate. Mitochondrial membrane potential was also assessed in SMF under similar conditions. The results of this study demonstrate ROS generation is significantly influenced by metabolic substrate and larges increases in ROS do not affect mitochondrial membrane potential in intact SMF.
Ζητήματα προστασίας προσωπικών δεδομένων και δικαιούχων πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας
Creators: name: Μουράτη, Ξανθίππη Γεωργίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: πνευματική ιδιοκτησία
προσωπικά δεδομένα
σύγκρουση συνταγματικών δικαιωμάτων
intellectual property
personal data
conflict of constitutional rights

description: Η παρούσα εργασία στόχο έχει να παρουσιάσει τη σχέση της πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας και των προσωπικών δεδομένων στο Διαδίκτυο, να διαφωτίσει τα αίτια της σύγκρουσης και να καταδείξει τις προσφορές λύσεις. Το πρώτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζει συνοπτικά και επιγραμματικά τις διατάξεις εκείνες του Δικαίου Πνευματικής Ιδιοκτησίας που παρουσιάζουν ενδιαφέρον για την παρούσα εργασία. Το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζει με ευσύνοπτο τρόπο τις διατάξεις που προστατεύουν τα προσωπικά δεδομένα, με κύριο σημείο αναφοράς τον Γενικό Κανονισμό Προστασίας Προσωπικών Δεδομένων (Κανονισμός 2016/679). Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται το πεδίο σύγκρουσης πνευματικών δικαιωμάτων και προσωπικών δεδομένων και με νομολογιακά παραδείγματα και προτείνεται λύση. Ακολουθεί στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο τα συμπεράσματα της παρούσας εργασίας ως επίλογος αυτής
description: The goal of this thesis is to present the relation between copyright law and personal data on the internet, to illuminate the source of the conflict and to demonstrate the appropriate solutions. In the first chapter the Copyright Law Provisions, which are relevant for this work, are presented briefly and sententiously. The second chapter concisely introduces the provisions that protect the personal data, based mainly on the General Regulation for the Protection of Personal Data (Regulation 2016/17). The third chapter presents the conflict field between copyright law and personal data based on judicially cases and offers a solution. The following fourth chapter includes the conclusions of this thesis
Influence of Ion-Neutral Damping on the Cosmic-Ray Streaming Instability: Magnetohydrodynamic Particle-in-cell Simulations
Creators: name: Plotnikov, Illya
name: Ostriker, Eve C.
name: Bai, Xue-Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the physics of the gyro-resonant cosmic ray streaming instability (CRSI) including the effects of ion-neutral (IN) damping. This is the main damping mechanism in (partially-ionized) atomic and molecular gas, which are the primary components of the interstellar medium (ISM) by mass. Limitation of CRSI by IN damping is important in setting the amplitude of Alfvén waves that scatter cosmic rays and control galactic-scale transport. Our study employs the MHD-PIC hybrid fluid-kinetic numerical technique to follow linear growth as well as post-linear and saturation phases. During the linear phase of the instability -- where simulations and analytical theory are in good agreement -- IN damping prevents wave growth at small and large wavelengths, with the unstable bandwidth lower for higher ion-neutral collision rate $ν_{\rm in}$. Purely MHD effects during the post-linear phase extend the wave spectrum towards larger $k$. In the saturated state, the cosmic ray distribution evolves toward greater isotropy (lower streaming velocity) by scattering off of Alvén waves excited by the instability. In the absence of low-$k$ waves, CRs with sufficiently high momentum are not isotropized. The maximum wave amplitude and rate of isotropization of the distribution function decreases at higher $ν_{\rm in}$. When the IN damping rate approaches the maximum growth rate of CSRI, wave growth and isotropization is suppressed. Implications of our results for CR transport in partially ionized ISM phases are discussed.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Hydrogen and muonium in diamond: A path-integral molecular dynamics simulation
Creators: name: Herrero, Carlos P.
name: Ramirez, Rafael
name: Hernandez, Eduardo R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isolated hydrogen, deuterium, and muonium in diamond have been studied by path-integral molecular dynamics simulations in the canonical ensemble. Finite-temperature properties of these point defects were analyzed in the range from 100 to 800 K. Interatomic interactions were modeled by a tight-binding potential fitted to density-functional calculations. The most stable position for these hydrogenic impurities is found at the C-C bond center. Vibrational frequencies have been obtained from a linear-response approach, based on correlations of atom displacements at finite temperatures. The results show a large anharmonic effect in impurity vibrations at the bond center site, which hardens the vibrational modes with respect to a harmonic approximation. Zero-point motion causes an appreciable shift of the defect level in the electronic gap, as a consequence of electron-phonon interaction. This defect level goes down by 70 meV when replacing hydrogen by muonium.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Sex as information processing: optimality and evolution
Creators: name: Zadorin, Anton S
name: Rivoire, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The long-term growth rate of populations in varying environments quantifies the evolutionary value of processing the information that biological individuals inherit from their ancestors and acquire from their environment. Previous models were limited to asexual reproduction with inherited information coming from a single parent with no recombination. We present a general extension to sexual reproduction and an analytical solution for a particular but important case, the infinitesimal model of quantitative genetics which assumes traits to be normally distributed. We study with this model the conditions under which sexual reproduction is advantageous and can evolve in the context of autocorrelated or directionally varying environments, mutational biases, spatial heterogeneities and phenotypic plasticity. Our results generalize and unify previous analyses. We also examine the proposal made by Geodakyan that the presence of two phenotypically distinct sexes permits an optimal adaptation to varying environments. We verify that conditions exists where sexual dimorphism is adaptive but find that its evolutionary value does not generally compensate for the two-fold cost of males.
Ο καθορισμός του εφαρμοστέου δικαίου στις συμβάσεις ασφάλισης κατά τον κανονισμό Ρώμη Ι
Creators: name: Παπαδοπούλου, Μαρία Αννα Ιωάννη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Εφαρμοστέο δίκαιο
Συμβάσεις ασφάλισης
Κανονισμός Ρώμη Ι
Applicable law
Insurance contracts
Rome I Regulation

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η παρουσίαση του νομικού καθεστώτος που ίσχυσε αρχικά στις ασφαλίσεις ζημιών και ζωής, πριν την θέση σε ισχύ του νέου Κανονισμού “Ρώμη Ι” καθώς και των ελλείψεων που υπήρχαν στα προϊσχύσαντα νομοθετικά κείμενα που επέφεραν την ανάγκη θέσπισής του. Στη συνέχεια, παρουσιάζεται μία συστηματική ανάλυση του πεδίου εφαρμογής του Κανονισμού “Ρώμη Ι” στον τομέα των συμβάσεων ασφάλισης, με παρουσίαση των ειδικών ρυθμίσεων που περιλαμβάνονται σε αυτόν όσον αφορά τον καθορισμό του εφαρμοστέου δικαίου, τις σχετικές επιφυλάξεις που τίθενται καθώς και την κριτική θεώρηση αυτού. Δυστυχώς και οι νέες ρυθμίσεις για τις συμβάσεις ασφάλισης που περιλήφθηκαν στον κανονισμό δεν είναι απαλλαγμένες προβλημάτων διότι αφενός υπήρξε προχειρότητα στη μετάφραση καίριων σημείων που οδήγησε σε αντιστρόφως ανάλογα νοήματα στις ρυθμίσεις που θεσμοθετήθηκαν αφετέρου δε η δυαδική ρύθμιση βασιζόμενη στον χωρικό διαχωρισμό των κινδύνων, επέφερε δυσχέρειες στη λειτουργία του Κανονισμού
description: The purpose of this study is to present the legal regime that originally applied to non-life and life insurances before the new Rome I Regulation is put into effect and to the deficiencies in the previous legislative texts that led to the need to establish it. Afterwards, a systematic analysis of the scope of the Rome I Regulation in the field of insurance contracts is presented, with a presentation of the specific regulations included in it, in relation to the determination of the applicable law, the related reservations made and the critical view of it. Unfortunately, the new regulations for the insurance contracts included in the regulation are not without complications because on the one hand there was a slowness in the translation of key points that led to inversely analogous meanings in the regulations that were established and on the other hand the binary regulation based on spatial segregation of risks, caused difficulties in the implementation of the Regulation
Visual analytics methods for retinal layers in optical coherence tomography data
Creators: name: Röhlig, Martin
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 004 Data processing Computer sciences

description: Optical coherence tomography is an important imaging technology for the early detection of ocular diseases. Yet, identifying substructural defects in the 3D retinal images is challenging. We therefore present novel visual analytics methods for the exploration of small and localized retinal alterations. Our methods reduce the data complexity and ensure the visibility of relevant information. The results of two cross-sectional studies show that our methods improve the detection of retinal defects, contributing to a deeper understanding of the retinal condition at an early stage of disease.
The Deuteron Spin-dependent Structure Function g1d and its First Moment
Creators: name: The COMPASS Collaboration
name: Alexakhin, V. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the deuteron spin-dependent structure function g1d based on the data collected by the COMPASS experiment at CERN during the years 2002-2004. The data provide an accurate evaluation for Gamma_1^d, the first moment of g1d(x), and for the matrix element of the singlet axial current, a0. The results of QCD fits in the next to leading order (NLO) on all g1 deep inelastic scattering data are also presented. They provide two solutions with the gluon spin distribution function Delta G positive or negative, which describe the data equally well. In both cases, at Q^2 = 3 (GeV/c)^2 the first moment of Delta G is found to be of the order of 0.2 - 0.3 in absolute value.
description: fits redone using MRST2004 instead of MRSV1998 for G(x), correlation matrix added
Diversity of Online Community Activities
Creators: name: Hogg, Tad
name: Szabo, Gabor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Web sites where users create and rate content as well as form networks with other users display long-tailed distributions in many aspects of behavior. Using behavior on one such community site, Essembly, we propose and evaluate plausible mechanisms to explain these behaviors. Unlike purely descriptive models, these mechanisms rely on user behaviors based on information available locally to each user. For Essembly, we find the long-tails arise from large differences among user activity rates and qualities of the rated content, as well as the extensive variability in the time users devote to the site. We show that the models not only explain overall behavior but also allow estimating the quality of content from their early behaviors.
description: 14 pages
Το Ζήτημα της Γνώσης στα Πλατωνικά Έργα: Μένων, Πολιτεία Στ΄ –Ζ΄, Θεαίτητος
Creators: name: Ρακοβαλή, Θεοδότη Αθανασίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Το ζήτημα της γνώσης
Πλάτων
Πολιτεία
The question of knowledge
Plato
Politeia

description: Το ζήτημα της γνώσης στην εποχή του Πλάτωνα είχε ξεπεράσει πλέον τις αρχικές απλοϊκές παραστάσεις και αντιλήψεις για τον κόσμο. Ο σκεπτόμενος άνθρωπος της εποχής αναζητούσε την αλήθεια των όντων πέρα από τις αισθητηριακές παραστάσεις, παρ’ όλο που αυτές είχαν αποτυπωθεί από την γλώσσα και είχαν εγκαθιδρυθεί στο νου των περισσότερων ανθρώπων με τη λειτουργία των συνειρμών. Την σχέση της εμπειρίας με τη νόηση είναι που εξετάζει διεξοδικά ο Πλάτων σε διάφορα έργα του, κάποια από τα οποία μελετιούνται στη παρούσα εργασία. Σύμφωνα λοιπόν με τον Πλάτωνα, μόνο με τη νόηση που επεξεργάζεται την εμπειρία ανακαλύπτεται η αλήθεια ενώ οι αισθήσεις από μόνες τους μπορεί να εξαπατήσουν τους ανθρώπους. Στον διάλογο Μένωνα, κυριαρχούν δύο θεματικές. Η μία αφορά τα ζητήματα που εντάσσονται στο πλαίσιο της ηθικής και της φιλοσοφίας της εκπαίδευσης, ενώ η άλλη είναι ξεκάθαρα γνωσιοθεωρητική και πραγματεύεται το αν είναι διδακτή η αρετή και αν είναι, με ποιον τρόπο. H Πολιτεία σημαδεύεται από την πραγμάτωση της θεωρίας των Ιδεών, μία διεργασία που έχει ξεκινήσει από τα προηγούμενα έργα του Πλάτωνα. Το πιο ουσιώδες κομμάτι της θεωρίας αυτής είναι το γνωσιοθεωρητικό, το οποίο αναλύεται διεξοδικά αλλά τελικά μένει ουσιαστικά άλυτο. Στον Θεαίτητο αναζητά τον ορισμό της γνώσης και ταυτόχρονα ερευνά διάφορους προβληματισμούς που τακτικά περιβάλλανε τις απόψεις του Πλάτωνα και που εκφράστηκαν σε προγενέστερα και μετέπειτα έργα του.
description: The question of knowledge in Plato's era had already surpassed the original simplistic representations and perceptions of the world. The thinking man of the time sought the truth of the beings beyond the sensory representations, even though they had been imprinted by language and established in the minds of most people by the function of associations. The relationship of experience with intellect is that Plato examines extensively in his various works, some of which are studied in this paper. Thus, according to Plato, only with the mind that processes the experience is discovered the truth, while the senses on their own can deceive the people. Two themes dominate in the Menon dialogue. One concerns issues that are part of the ethics and philosophy of education, while the other is clearly knowledge-theoretical and deals with the question of whether the virtue is taught and, if so, how. The Politeia dialogue is marked by the realization of the theory of Ideas, a process that has begun with Plato's previous works. The most essential part of this theory is the knowledge theory, which is thoroughly analyzed but ultimately remains essentially unresolved. In Theaetetus he seeks the definition of knowledge and at the same time he explores various reflections that regularly surround Plato's views expressed in his earlier and subsequent works.
On the Least Common Multiple of Polynomial Sequences at Prime Arguments
Creators: name: Nath, Ayan
name: Jha, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11N32 (Primary) 11A41 (Secondary)

description: Cilleruelo conjectured that if $f\in\mathbb{Z}[x]$ is an irreducible polynomial of degree $d\ge 2$ then, $\log \operatorname{lcm} \{f(n)\mid n
description: 10 pages, 1 table; to appear in Int. J. Number Theory
On the spectral relations for multitime correlation functions
Creators: name: Shvaika, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general approach for derivation of the spectral relations for the multitime correlation functions is presented. A special attention is paid to the consideration of the non-ergodic (conserving) contributions and it is shown that such contributions can be treated in a rigorous way using multitime temperature Green functions. Representation of the multitime Green functions in terms of the spectral densities and solution of the reverse problem -- finding of the spectral densities from the known Green functions are given for the case of the three-time correlation functions.
description: 12 pages, submitted to the special issue of the Condensed Matter Physics journal devoted to the Green's functions method
Η Λογική του Κεφαλαίου στον 21ο αιώνα: Συσσώρευση, Κέρδος και Ανισότητα
Creators: name: Βαρθολομαίος, Ιωάννης Θωμά
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Κεφάλαιο-Μάρξ
Συσσώρευση
Καπιταλισμός
Capital-Marx
Accumulation
Capitalism

description: Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία εξετάζει και αναλύει τη διαδικασία παραγωγής του κεφαλαίου, όπως αποτυπώνεται σε συνθήκες απαλλοτριωτικής συσσώρευσης με επίκεντρο την κρίση του καπιταλισμού στον 21o αιώνα. Έχοντας ως εφαλτήριο τη θεωρία του Μαρξ για την πρωταρχική συσσώρευση και το καπιταλιστικό κέρδος, προσεγγίζονται σύγχρονες θεωρήσεις πάνω στην ανάπτυξη και την εσωτερική λογική του κεφαλαίου στην εποχή του νεοφιλελευθερισμού. Ακολουθώντας την ανάλυση του David Harvey πάνω στην άνιση γεωγραφική ανάπτυξη και την παραγωγή του χώρου καθώς και τη θεωρία του Thomas Piketty για τη δομή των ανισοτήτων εισοδήματος και πλούτου, προκύπτουν ερευνητικά ερωτήματα γύρω από τη φύση της καπιταλιστικής κρίσης, την όξυνση των αντιθέσεων και την ένταση της εκμετάλλευσης στις σύγχρονες δυτικές καπιταλιστικές κοινωνίες. Υπό αυτό το πρίσμα η διπλωματική θα επιχειρήσει να αναδείξει τις κύριες πλευρές γύρω από την προβληματική της ατέρμονης συσσώρευσης, της ανάπτυξης του κεφαλαίου και των δομικών του αντιφάσεων
description: This thesis examines and analyzes the process of capital production as reflected in expropriator accumulation conditions focusing on the capitalist crisis in the 21st century. Having as a starting point Marx's theory of primitive accumulation and capitalist gain, modern views are approached on the development and internal logic of capital in the era of neoliberalism. Following David Harvey's analysis of the uneven geographical growth and production of space as well as the theory of Thomas Piketty on the structure of income and wealth inequalities, research questions arise about the nature of the capitalist crisis, sharpening of contradictions and tension of exploitation in modern Western capitalist societies. From this perspective, the thesis will attempt to highlight the main aspects surrounding the problem of endless accumulation, the development of capital and its structural contradictions
Attoscience in Phase Space
Creators: name: Chomet, H.
name: Faria, C. Figueira de Morisson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a brief review of how phase space techniques are explored within strong-field and attosecond science. This includes a broad overview of the existing landscape, with focus on strong-field ionisation and rescattering, high-order harmonic generation, stabilisation and free-electron lasers. Furthermore, using our work on the subject, which deals with ionisation dynamics in atoms and diatomic molecules as well as high-order harmonic generation in inhomogeneous fields, we exemplify how such tools can be employed. One may for instance determine qualitatively different phase space dynamics, explore how bifurcations influence ionisation and high-harmonic generation, establish for which regimes classical and quantum correspondence works or fails, and what role different time scales play. Finally, we conclude the review highlighting the importance of the tools available in quantum optics, quantum information and physical chemistry to strong-field laser-matter interaction.
description: 38 pages, 12 figures, submitted to EPJ D
Functional Renormalization for Disordered Systems, Basic Recipes and Gourmet Dishes
Creators: name: Wiese, Kay Joerg
name: Doussal, Pierre Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a pedagogical introduction into the functional renormalization group treatment of disordered systems. After a review of its phenomenology, we show why in the context of disordered systems a functional renormalization group treatment is necessary, contrary to pure systems, where renormalization of a single coupling constant is sufficient. This leads to a disorder distribution, which after a finite renormalization becomes non-analytic, thus overcoming the predictions of the seemingly exact dimensional reduction. We discuss, how the non-analyticity can be measured in a simulation or experiment. We then construct a renormalizable field theory beyond leading order. We discuss an elastic manifold embedded in N dimensions, and give the exact solution for N to infinity. This is compared to predictions of the Gaussian replica variational ansatz, using replica symmetry breaking. We further consider random field magnets, and supersymmetry. We finally discuss depinning, both isotropic and anisotropic, and universal scaling function.
description: 29 pages
Application of KaryoLite BACs on Beads assay for prenatal diagnosis to detect chromosome aneuploidy in amniotic fluid cells
Creators: name: Watcharapa Jaranasaksakul
name: Takol Chareonsirisuthigul
name: Prapatsorn Areesirisuk
name: Rachanee Parinayok
name: Budsaba Rerkamnuaychoke
Publisher: name: Genetics Society of Thailand
Year: 2015
Subjects: prenatal diagnosis, KaryoLite BACs on Beads, conventional karyotyping, amniotic fluid cell

description: 1, 8, Thai Journal of Genetics
On the electroweak symmetry breaking in the Littlest Higgs model
Creators: name: Dobado, Antonio
name: Tabares, Lourdes
name: Penaranda, Siannah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the SU(5)/SO(5) little Higgs models radiative corrections give rise to the SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y symmetry breaking. In this work we start a program for a detailed determination of the relevant terms of the Higgs effective potential by computing the contribution of the b, t and T quarks at the one-loop level, as an starting point for higher-loops computation. In spite of the fact that some two-loop level contributions are well known to be important, we use our preliminary one-loop result to illustrate that, by demanding the effective potential to reproduce exactly the Standard Model Higgs potential, and in particular the relation m_H^2= 2 lambda v^2= 2 mu^2, it will be possible to set new constraints on the parameter space of the Littlest Higgs model when the computation of all the relevant contributions to the Higgs effective potential is completed.
description: LaTex, 20 pages, 3 figures. Comments added. Published version in Eur.Phys.J.C
Intragranular Strain Estimation in Far-Field Scanning X-ray Diffraction using a Gaussian Processes
Creators: name: Henningsson, Axel
name: Hendriks, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method for estimation of intragranular strain fields in polycrystalline materials based on scanning three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data (scanning-3DXRD) is presented and evaluated. Given an apriori known anisotropic compliance, the regression method enforces the balance of linear and angular momentum in the linear elastic strain field reconstruction. By using a Gaussian Process (GP), the presented method can yield a spatial estimate of the uncertainty of the reconstructed strain field. Furthermore, constraints on spatial smoothness can be optimised with respect to measurements through hyperparameter estimation. These three features address weaknesses discussed for previously existing scanning-3DXRD reconstruction methods and, thus, offers a more robust strain field estimation. The method is twofold validated; firstly by reconstruction from synthetic diffraction data and, secondly, by reconstruction of previously studied tin (Sn) grain embedded in a polycrystalline specimen. Comparison against reconstructions achieved by a recently proposed algebraic inversion technique is also presented. It is found that the GP regression consistently produces reconstructions with lower root mean squared errors, mean absolute errors and maximum absolute errors across all six components of strain.
ต้นกำเนิดของสุนัขบ้าน หลักฐานทางโบราณคดีและพันธุศาสตร์
Creators: name: วิภู กุตะนันท์
Publisher: name: Genetics Society of Thailand
Year: 2015
Subjects: สุนัขบ้าน (Canis familiaris), สุนัขป่า (Canis lupus), ดีเอ็นเอไมโทคอนเดรีย, แฮโพลกรุ๊ป, ประวัติการสืบเชื้อสาย, domestic dog (Canis familiaris), wolf (Canis lupus), mitochondrial DNA, haplogroup, genetic history

description: 1, 8, Thai Journal of Genetics
Accidental cloning of a single-photon qubit in two-channel continuous-variable quantum teleportation
Creators: name: Ide, Toshiki
name: Hofmann, Holger F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The information encoded in the polarization of a single photon can be transferred to a remote location by two-channel continuous-variable quantum teleportation. However, the finite entanglement used in the teleportation causes random changes in photon number. If more than one photon appears in the output, the continuous-variable teleportation accidentally produces clones of the original input photon. In this paper, we derive the polarization statistics of the $N$-photon output components and show that they can be decomposed into an optimal cloning term and completely unpolarized noise. We find that the accidental cloning of the input photon is nearly optimal at experimentally feasible squeezing levels, indicating that the loss of polarization information is partially compensated by the availability of clones.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, improved explanation of cloning fidelity
Cases for Research Integrity: Generative AI: Moral Reasoning in Research Integrity Classes
Creators: name: Paschke, Melanie
name: Mihálka, Réka
name: Sudau, Manuel
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Generative Artificial Intelligence
Research integrity
Moral reasoning

description: Generative AI in research has triggered an ethical debate on how it uses might challenge long established codes and practices of research integrity. For example, a survey by Nature (Van Noorden and Perkel, 2023) of 1600 researchers highlighted among others the following topic of concern: Generative AI in research has the potential to introduce mistakes or inaccuracies into research texts, make the detection of fabrication or falsification of research more difficult or make plagiarism easier. It can bring biases into literature searches or embed bias or inequities into research texts. Other challenges when working with AI-based tools is the originality and the credits that can be given to the humans in the process, the accountability they have and the breach of IPR and copyright that is lurking in the shadows when using AI-based tools for creating content. Additionally, who owns the content done by AI? The creators that interact with the generative AI or the tech companies behind the algorithm? Confidentiality and privacy might be at stake when sensible research data is used in new AI-assisted workflows and training on the correct workflows for any personal, private, or sensible information becomes even more necessary.

For sure, research processes as analyzing and publishing research data will change and generative AI will become embedded in the workflows. This raises questions around the energy consumption and carbon footprint of research.

There is increasing need for students to discuss and practice research integrity with generative AI embedded and used in different research situations. In this collection, we provide case studies for moral reasoning and complementary material that can be easily adapted by lecturers to their research integrity classes.
Quantum phase transition of light in the dissipative Rabi-Hubbard lattice: A dressed-master-equation perspective
Creators: name: Ye, Tian
name: Wang, Chen
name: Chen, Qing-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the quantum phase transition of light in the dissipative Rabi-Hubbard lattice under the framework of the mean-field theory and quantum dressed master equation. The order parameter of photons in strong qubit-photon coupling regime is derived analytically both at zero and low temperatures. Interestingly, we can locate the localization and delocalization phase transition very well in a wide parameter region. {In particular for the zero-temperature limit, the critical tunneling strength approaches zero generally in the deep-strong qubit-photon coupling regime, regardless of the quantum dissipation. This is contrary to the previous results with the finite minimal critical tunneling strength based on the standard Lindblad master equation. Moreover, a significant improvement of the critical tunneling is also observed at finite temperature, compared with the counterpart under the Lindblad description. We hope these results may deepen the understanding of the phase transition of photons in the Rabi-Hubbard model.
description: 7 pages, 1 figures
A DEMONSTRATION OF GLASS BONDING USING PATTERNED NANOCOMPOSITE THERMITES DEPOSITED FROM FLUID
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Juan Carlos
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Materials Science
subject: Bonding
subject: Direct Write
subject: Glass
subject: Nanoaluminum
subject: Nanothermite
subject: Tungsten Oxide

description: Ceramics and other nonmetals are widely used in industrial and research applications. Although these materials provide many advantages, they often pose unique challenges during bonding. This work aims to expand on current processes, which have much narrower applications, to find a more universal method for nonmetal bonding. We utilize inks comprised of aluminum-based nanoenergetics (a heat source) and tin (a bonding agent). Requirements for successful bonding are explored and four key criteria are established. Through statistical simulation and thermochemical equilibrium calculations, we conclude that the presence of a diluent in large percentages negatively impacts reaction kinetics. Conversely, we show small percentages of added tin enhance gas generation and drive faster reaction rates. The bulk bonding material, thermite plus tin, forms a continuous structure during reaction, adhering well to the substrate surface. In some cases, these bonds failed above 1200 kPa.
CoV-Spectrum: Analysis of globally shared SARS-CoV-2 data to Identify and Characterize New Variants
Creators: name: Chen, Chaoran
name: Nadeau, Sarah
name: Yared, Michael
name: Voinov, Philippe
name: Xie, Ning
name: Roemer, Cornelius
name: Stadler, Tanja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Summary: The CoV-Spectrum website supports the identification of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and the tracking of known variants. Its flexible amino acid and nucleotide mutation search allows querying of variants before they are designated by a lineage nomenclature system. The platform brings together SARS-CoV-2 data from different sources and applies analyses. Results include the proportion of different variants over time, their demographic and geographic distributions, common mutations, hospitalization and mortality probabilities, estimates for transmission fitness advantage and insights obtained from wastewater samples. Availability and Implementation: CoV-Spectrum is available at https://cov-spectrum.ethz.ch. The code is released under the GPL-3.0 license at https://github.com/cevo-public/cov-spectrum-website
Computing Accurate Probabilistic Estimates of One-D Entropy from Equiprobable Random Samples
Creators: name: Gupta, Hoshin V
name: Ehsani, Mohammed Reza
name: Roy, Tirthankar
name: Sans-Fuentes, Maria A
name: Ehret, Uwe
name: Behrangi, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94A15

description: We develop a simple Quantile Spacing (QS) method for accurate probabilistic estimation of one-dimensional entropy from equiprobable random samples, and compare it with the popular Bin-Counting (BC) method. In contrast to BC, which uses equal-width bins with varying probability mass, the QS method uses estimates of the quantiles that divide the support of the data generating probability density function (pdf) into equal-probability-mass intervals. Whereas BC requires optimal tuning of a bin-width hyper-parameter whose value varies with sample size and shape of the pdf, QS requires specification of the number of quantiles to be used. Results indicate, for the class of distributions tested, that the optimal number of quantile-spacings is a fixed fraction of the sample size (empirically determined to be ~0.25-0.35), and that this value is relatively insensitive to distributional form or sample size, providing a clear advantage over BC since hyperparameter tuning is not required. Bootstrapping is used to approximate the sampling variability distribution of the resulting entropy estimate, and is shown to accurately reflect the true uncertainty. For the four distributional forms studied (Gaussian, Log-Normal, Exponential and Bimodal Gaussian Mixture), expected estimation bias is less than 1% and uncertainty is relatively low even for very small sample sizes. We speculate that estimating quantile locations, rather than bin-probabilities, results in more efficient use of the information in the data to approximate the underlying shape of an unknown data generating pdf.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures
Colorful horizons with charge in anti-de Sitter space
Creators: name: Gubser, Steven S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An abelian gauge symmetry can be spontaneously broken near a black hole horizon in anti-de Sitter space using a condensate of non-abelian gauge fields. There is a second order phase transition between Reissner-Nordstrom-anti-de Sitter solutions, which are preferred at high temperatures, and symmetry breaking solutions, which are preferred at low temperatures.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Amplification of Quantum Meson Modes in the Late Time of the Chiral Phase Transition
Creators: name: Watanabe, K.
name: Tsue, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the time evolution of the quantum meson modes in the late time of chiral phase transition. In particular, it is shown that there exists a possible solution to the equation of motion for the quantum meson modes, which reveals a parametric resonance and/or resonance through forced oscillation induced by the small oscillation of the chiral condensate. After that, we demonstrate the unstable regions for the quantum meson modes in both the cases of a uniform and spatially expanding system.
description: 6 pages 4 figures, to appear in a special issue of Int. J. of Mod. Phys. E (the proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: Quark Matter 2006 (QM 2006), Shanghai, China, 14-20 Nov 2006)
Long-term variation in distribution of sunspot groups
Creators: name: Forgacs-Dajka, E.
name: Major, B.
name: Borkovits, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the relation between the distribution of sunspot groups and the Gleissberg cycle. As the magnetic field is related to the area of the sunspot groups, we used area-weighted sunspot group data. On the one hand, we confirm the previously reported long-term cyclic behaviour of the sum of the northern and southern sunspot group mean latitudes, although we found a somewhat longer period (P~104 years). We introduced the difference between the ensemble average area of sunspot groups for the two hemispheres, which turns out to show similar behaviour. We also investigated a further aspect of the Gleissberg cycle where while in the 19th century the consecutive Schwabe cycles are sharply separated from each other, one century later the cycles overlap each other more and more.
description: 4 pages
Existence and topological stability of Fermi points in multilayered graphene
Creators: name: Mañes, Juan L.
name: Guinea, Francisco
name: Vozmediano, María A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the existence and topological stability of Fermi points in a graphene layer and stacks with many layers. We show that the discrete symmetries (spacetime inversion) stabilize the Fermi points in monolayer, bilayer and multilayer graphene with orthorhombic stacking. The bands near $k=0$ and $ε=0$ in multilayers with the Bernal stacking depend on the parity of the number of layers, and Fermi points are unstable when the number of layers is odd. The low energy changes in the electronic structure induced by commensurate perturbations which mix the two Dirac points are also investigated.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures. Expanded version as will appear in PRB
Verification, Validation and Integrity of Distributed and Interchanged Rule Based Policies and Contracts in the Semantic Web
Creators: name: Paschke, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.6.3; I.2; I.2.4

description: Rule-based policy and contract systems have rarely been studied in terms of their software engineering properties. This is a serious omission, because in rule-based policy or contract representation languages rules are being used as a declarative programming language to formalize real-world decision logic and create IS production systems upon. This paper adopts an SE methodology from extreme programming, namely test driven development, and discusses how it can be adapted to verification, validation and integrity testing (V&V&I) of policy and contract specifications. Since, the test-driven approach focuses on the behavioral aspects and the drawn conclusions instead of the structure of the rule base and the causes of faults, it is independent of the complexity of the rule language and the system under test and thus much easier to use and understand for the rule engineer and the user.
description: A.Paschke: Verification, Validation, Integrity of Rule Based Policies and Contracts in the Semantic Web, 2nd International Semantic Web Policy Workshop (SWPW'06), Nov. 5-9, 2006, Athens, GA, USA
Tree automata and separable sets of input variables
Creators: name: Shtrakov, Slavcho
name: Shtrakov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.1; F.1.3

description: We consider the computational complexity of tree transducers, depending on their separable sets of input variables.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
OPTIMIZATION OF THE INFRARED ASPHALT REPAIR PROCESS
Creators: name: Leininger, Christopher William
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Geotechnology
subject: Asphalt
subject: Infrared
subject: Pavement
subject: Quality Assurance
subject: Quality Control
subject: Repair

description: Infrared asphalt repair is an alternative technology that potentially allows for year round pavement patching that can be more durable, less expensive, and longer lasting than conventional techniques. Although infrared repair has been used for over 10 years by state and local agencies and commercial property owners in several areas of the country, some continuing resistance to this technique still remains. The principal reasons for this resistance are the largely unknown engineering properties of the patch material as compared to the native in situ pavement and the lack of standardized methods, specifications and quality assurance procedures. The following is a preliminary assessment of these engineering properties and current QA/QC procedures. A proposed specification for adoption is included in addition to recommendations for improving current practice.