cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Immune Cells Are Required for Cutaneous Ulceration in a Swine Model of Chancroid
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Cutaneous lesions of the human sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease chancroid are characterized by the presence of intraepidermal pustules, keratinocyte cytopathology, and epidermal and dermal erosion. These lesions are replete with neutrophils, macrophages, and CD4+ T cells and contain very low numbers of cells of Haemophilus ducreyi, the bacterial agent of chancroid. We examined lesion formation by H. ducreyi in a pig model by using cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced immune cell deficiency to distinguish between host and bacterial contributions to chancroid ulcer formation. Histologic presentation of H. ducreyi-induced lesions in CPA-treated pigs differed from ulcers that developed in immune-competent animals in that pustules did not form and surface epithelia remained intact. However, these lesions had significant suprabasal keratinocyte cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that the host immune response was required for chancroid ulceration, while bacterial products were at least partially responsible for the keratinocyte cytopathology associated with chancroid lesions in the pig. The low numbers of H. ducreyi present in lesions in humans and immune-competent pigs have prevented localization of these organisms within skin. However, H. ducreyi organisms were readily visualized in lesion biopsies from infected CPA-treated pigs by immunoelectron microscopy. These bacteria were extracellular and associated with necrotic host cells in the epidermis and dermis. The relative abundance of H. ducreyi in inoculated CPA-treated pig skin suggests control of bacterial replication by host immune cells during natural human infection.
Measuring quantumness: from theory to observability in interferometric setups
Creators: name: Ferro, Leonardo
name: Fazio, Rosario
name: Illuminati, Fabrizio
name: Marmo, Giuseppe
name: Vedral, Vlatko
name: Pascazio, Saverio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P45, 81P40, 81P16

description: We investigate the notion of quantumness based on the non-commutativity of the algebra of observables and introduce a measure of quantumness based on the mutual incompatibility of quantum states. We show that such a quantity can be experimentally measured with an interferometric setup and that, when an arbitrary bipartition of a given composite system is introduced, it detects the one-way quantum correlations restricted to one of the two subsystems. We finally show that, by combining only two projective measurements and carrying out the interference procedure, our measure becomes an efficient universal witness of quantum discord and non-classical correlations.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Gegenerklärung vom 2.7.1972 zur Erklärung des politischen Beirats des ZdK zum Wehrdienst
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 26 Nr. 9 (1972): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 26, Heft 9
Neutropenia Restores Virulence to an Attenuated Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase-Deficient Haemophilus ducreyi Strain in the Swine Model of Chancroid
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Haemophilus ducreyi causes chancroid, a sexually transmitted cutaneous genital ulcer disease associated with increased heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. H. ducreyi expresses a periplasmic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD) that protects the bacterium from killing by exogenous superoxide in vitro. We hypothesized that the Cu,Zn SOD would protect H. ducreyi from immune cell killing, enhance survival, and affect ulcer development in vivo. In order to test this hypothesis and study the role of the Cu,Zn SOD in H. ducreyi pathogenesis, we compared a Cu,Zn SOD-deficient H. ducreyi strain to its isogenic wild-type parent with respect to survival and ulcer development in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed pigs. The Cu,Zn SOD-deficient strain was recovered from significantly fewer inoculated sites and in significantly lower numbers than the wild-type parent strain or a merodiploid (sodC+ sodC) strain after infection of immunocompetent pigs. In contrast, survival of the wild-type and Cu,Zn SOD-deficient strains was not significantly different in pigs that were rendered neutropenic by treatment with cyclophosphamide. Ulcer severity in pigs was not significantly different between sites inoculated with wild type and sites inoculated with Cu,Zn SOD-deficient H. ducreyi. Our data suggest that the periplasmic Cu,Zn SOD is an important virulence determinant in H. ducreyi, protecting the bacterium from host immune cell killing and contributing to survival and persistence in the host.
Subspaces with extra invariance nearest to observed data
Creators: name: Cabrelli, Carlos
name: Mosquera, Carolina A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 94A12, Secondary 47A15, 42C15

description: Given an arbitrary finite set of data F= {f_1,..., f_m} in L2(Rd) we prove the existence and show how to construct a "small shift invariant space" that is "closest" to the data F over certain class of closed subspaces of L2(Rd). The approximating subspace is required to have extra-invariance properties, that is to be invariant under translations by a prefixed additive subgroup of Rd containing Zd. This is important for example in situations where we need to deal with jitter error of the data. Here small means that our solution subspace should be generated by the integer translates of a small number of generators. We give an expression for the error in terms of the data and construct a Parseval frame for the optimal space. We also consider the problem of approximating F from generalised Paley-Wiener spaces of Rd that are generated by the integer translates of a finite number of functions. That is finitely generated shift invariant spaces that are translation invariant. We characterise these spaces in terms of multi-tile sets of Rd, and show the connections with recent results on Riesz basis of exponentials on bounded sets of Rd. Finally we study the discrete case for our approximation problem.
description: 15 pages. Some typos corrected
Documenting as Method: Photography in Southeast Asia
Creators: name: Zhuang, Wubin
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2021

description: Documenting as method is a proposition for a way of writing photography and a way of making photographic work. The proposition unfolds through a portfolio of selected writings, centring on Photography in Southeast Asia: A Survey (2016). The portfolio also includes a journal essay, a book chapter, a profile essay and one curatorial text. As a way of writing photography, documenting entails three trajectories: (a) ethnography and oral history, (b) archiving and mapping, and (c) Asian inter-referencing. It is a method that I developed to historicise, with equal care and concern, the multitude of photographic practices in Southeast Asia. It works against the binary of art versus photography, and the prevailing tendency towards a linear historiography in order to valorise a particular practice. As a way of making work, documenting consists of three overlapping approaches: (1) documenting as looking and thinking, (2) documenting as cataloguing, and (3) documenting as world-making. It foregrounds the affect of the photographic encounter in which the photographer and the photographed person(s) meet to perform and experience their desires, which may or may not result in the making of photographs. To put the proposition of documenting to use, I attempt a revisionist account of salon photography in Southeast Asia. Documenting as method allows me to surface the agency of individual practitioners without losing sight of salon photography’s relationship with political power during the shifting processes of nationalism, decolonisation and cold war. It helps me foreground Chineseness, which intersected the nation-building process, as an additional factor in the praxis of salon photography. As a way of making work, documenting offers a method for me to unpack the spectre of Chineseness through my photographic encounter with the Chinese Muslims in Indonesia. The experience of making work also informs the proposition of documenting as method.
Thermo-mechanical tool setting mechanism for ultra-precision milling with multiple cutting edges
Creators: name: Riemer, Oltmann
name: Schönemann, Lars
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ultra precision milling
subject: Diamond machining
subject: Tool alignment
subject: Thermo
subject: mechanical actuator
subject: 620

description: Ultra-precision milling operations are particularly ineffective machining processes, due to the fact that they are typically operated with a singular cutting edge (fly-cutting). For meeting the tight tolerances of optical and high precision surfaces, a nanometer precision tool setting mechanism is mandatory when adding more cutting edges. On the basis of a theoretical assessment of the surface generation, this paper presents a novel tool setting mechanism based on a thermo-mechanical actuator that has specific advantages compared to electrical or mechanical solutions. The prototype design for a two-tool holder for diamond milling using this actuator is presented and the choice of substrate material is assessed by FEM simulations. It was found that 1.2083 type steel potentially offers a larger stroke and therefore was chosen for the prototype. Next, the requirements for the heat input are discussed and a novel device for quasi-continuous heating during spindle rotation—an IR-LED ring light—is presented. Using the ring light, it is demonstrated that the tool holder can be selectively heated and a localized expansion of up to 1 μm is achievable at a spindle speed of 240 min-1.
Combined X-ray diffraction and photothermal radiometry methods for in situ analysis of nitriding treatment
Creators: name: Dong, Juan
name: Epp, Jérémy
name: Lipinski, Robin
name: Sorg, Michael
name: Zoch, Hans-Werner
name: Fischer, Andreas
Publisher: name: EDP Sciences
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nitriding
subject: X-ray diffraction
subject: photothermal radiometry
subject: non-destructive testing
subject: in situ analysis
subject: 600

description: Monitoring the nitriding treatment by analyzing directly the components’ surface state during the nitriding treatment is particularly interesting, since it allows a process monitoring and control based on the actual nitriding result. In the present study, two measuring methods are developed and combined with the aim of a direct surface state analysis during the nitriding treatment: the in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and the photothermal radiometry. In order to validate the combined application of both methods during a nitriding treatment under controlled atmosphere, an experimental setup including a miniature nitriding furnace was developed. Two alloyed steels AISI 4140 and AISI H13 are treated with varying process atmosphere and nitriding potential leading to varying phase composition in the surface layer. As a result, the photothermal radiometry is shown to be sensitive with respect to the changing surface properties due to the growing compound layers and when porous layers are generated. It has a high potential to serve as surface sensor in industrial processes.
A game-based educational method relying on student-generated questions
Creators: name: Abad, Enrique
name: Suárez, Pilar
name: Gil, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Student-generated multiple-choice questions (MCQs) revised by the instructor were used to design an educational game and to set part of the exam in the framework of an elementary course in Photonics. An anonymous survey among the students revealed their general satisfaction with the method. The exam results of students who had been asked to author MCQs were compared to those of a control group subject to traditional teaching. The results of the former in the MCQ test of the exam were significantly better, without this being detrimental to their comparative performance in problem-solving.
description: 25 pages, 1 figure, replaces v2, new title
Severe Impairment in Early Host Defense against Candida albicans in Mice Deficient in Myeloperoxidase
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chloride ion to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is used for microbial killing by phagocytic cells. Despite the important role of MPO in host defense, however, MPO deficiency is relatively common in humans, and most of these individuals are in good health. To define the in vivo role of MPO, we have generated by gene targeting mice having no MPO activity in their neutrophils and monocytes. The mice without MPO developed normally, were fertile, and showed normal clearance of intraperitoneal Staphylococcus aureus. However, they showed increased susceptibility to pneumonia and death following intratracheal infection with Candida albicans. Furthermore, the lack of MPO significantly enhanced the dissemination of intraperitoneally injected C. albicans into various organs during the first 7 days. Thus, MPO is important for early host defense against fungal infection, and the inability to generate HOCl cannot be compensated for by other oxygen-dependent systems in vivo in mice. The mutant mice serve as a model for studying pulmonary and systemic candidiasis.
Theoretical $Σ$-$D$ Relations for Shell-Type Galactic Supernova Remnants
Creators: name: Hu, Ya-Peng
name: Zeng, Hong-An
name: Fang, Jun
name: Hou, Jun-Peng
name: Xu, Jian-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relations between radio surface brightness ($Σ$) and diameter ($D$) of supernova remnants (SNRs) are important in astronomy. In this paper, following the work Duric \& Seaquist (1986) at adiabatic phase, we carefully investigate shell-type supernova remnants at radiative phase, and obtain theoretical $Σ$-$D$ relation at radiative phase of shell-type supernova remnants at 1 GHz. By using these theoretical $Σ$-$D$ relations at adiabatic phase and radiative phase, we also roughly determine phases of some supernova remnant from observation data.
description: 12 pages, 2 tables, major revision, version accepted by Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy
Conserved quantities of vectorial magnitudes within the material media
Creators: name: Weng, Zi-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of the rotational transformations of octonion coordinate systems, the paper aims to explore the physical properties of conserved quantities relevant to the vectorial magnitudes within the material media, revealing the simultaneity of some conserved quantities in the electromagnetic and gravitational fields. J. C. Maxwell first utilized the algebra of quaternions to describe the electromagnetic theory. The subsequent scholars studied the physical properties of electromagnetic and gravitational fields simultaneously, including the octonion linear momentum, angular momentum, torque and force within the material media. According to the algebra of octonions, the scalar parts of octonion physical quantities remain unchanged, while the vectorial parts may alter, in the rotational transformations of octonion coordinate systems. From the octonion characteristics, it is able to deduce a few conserved quantities related to the vectorial magnitudes in the octonion space $\mathbb{O}$, including the magnitudes of linear momentum, angular momentum, torque and force. Similarly, it is capable of inferring several conserved quantities relevant to the vectorial magnitudes in the transformed octonion space $\mathbb{O}_u$, including the magnitudes of electric current, magnetic moment and electric moment. Through the analysis and comparison, it is concluded that some conserved quantities, relevant to the vectorial magnitudes, are unable to be established simultaneously, from the point of view of the octonion spaces. This is helpful to deepen the further understanding of some conserved quantities related to the vectorial magnitudes.
description: Latex, 18 pages
Varying-coefficient panel data models with partially observed factor structure
Creators: name: Dong, Chaohua
name: Gao, Jiti
name: Peng, Bin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: In this paper, we study a varying-coefficient panel data model with nonstationarity, wherein a factor structure is adopted to capture different effects of time invariant variables over time. The methodology employed in this paper fills a gap of dealing with the mixed I(1)/I(0) regressors and factors in the literature. For comparison purposes, we consider the scenarios where the factors are either observable or unobservable, respectively. We propose an estimation method for both the unknown coefficient functions involved and the unknown factors before we establish the corresponding theory. We then evaluate the finite-sample performance of the proposed estimation theory through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. In an empirical study, we use our newly proposed model and method to study the returns to scale of large commercial banks in the U.S.. Some overlooked modelling issues in the literature of production econometrics are addressed.
Antigenic and Sequence Diversity in Gonococcal Transferrin-Binding Protein A
Creators: name: Sparling, P. F.
name: Cornelissen, C. N.
name: Anderson, J. E.
name: Boulton, I. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative pathogen that is capable of satisfying its iron requirement with human iron-binding proteins such as transferrin and lactoferrin. Transferrin-iron utilization involves specific binding of human transferrin at the cell surface to what is believed to be a complex of two iron-regulated, transferrin-binding proteins, TbpA and TbpB. The genes encoding these proteins have been cloned and sequenced from a number of pathogenic, gram-negative bacteria. In the current study, we sequenced four additional tbpA genes from other N. gonorrhoeae strains to begin to assess the sequence diversity among gonococci. We compared these sequences to those from other pathogenic bacteria to identify conserved regions that might be important for the structure and function of these receptors. We generated polyclonal mouse sera against synthetic peptides deduced from the TbpA sequence from gonococcal strain FA19. Most of these synthetic peptides were predicted to correspond to surface-exposed regions of TbpA. We found that, while most reacted with denatured TbpA in Western blots, only one antipeptide serum reacted with native TbpA in the context of intact gonococci, consistent with surface exposure of the peptide to which this serum was raised. In addition, we evaluated a panel of gonococcal strains for antigenic diversity using these antipeptide sera.
Akademisierung der Pflegeberufe: Weg aus der Angebotsmisere?
Creators: name: Darmann-Finck, Ingrid
name: Reuschenbach, Bernd
Publisher: name: Nomos
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pflegeberufe
subject: Pflegeausbildung
subject: Akademisierung
subject: Fachkräftebedarf
subject: Pflege
subject: 610

description: Durch die Etablierung einer hochschulischen Erstausbildung als zweiten Regelzugang zur Berufszulassung wird das Qualifikationssystem in der Pflege neu konstituiert, das Verhältnis der Qualifikationsniveaus untereinander wird sich neu austarieren. Indem mit der hochschulischen Erstausbildung leistungsstarke junge Menschen an den Beruf gebunden werden und damit insgesamt eine Aufwertung des Pflegeberufs einhergeht, stellt sie einen wichtigen Baustein für die Sicherstellung des Fachkräftebedarfs in der Pflege dar.
Integrality in the Steinberg module and the top-dimensional cohomology of SL_n(O_K)
Creators: name: Church, Thomas
name: Farb, Benson
name: Putman, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a new structural result for the spherical Tits building attached to SL_n(K) for many number fields K, and more generally for the fraction fields of many Dedekind domains O: the Steinberg module St_n(K) is generated by integral apartments if and only if the ideal class group cl(O) is trivial. We deduce this integrality by proving that the complex of partial bases of O^n is Cohen-Macaulay. We apply this to prove new vanishing and nonvanishing results for H^{vcd}(SL_n(O_K); Q), where O_K is the ring of integers in a number field and vcd is the virtual cohomological dimension of SL_n(O_K). The (non)vanishing depends on the (non)triviality of the class group of O_K. We also obtain a vanishing theorem for the cohomology H^{vcd}(SL_n(O_K); V) with twisted coefficients V.
description: 36 pages; final version; to appear in Amer. J. Math
Helicobacter hepaticus Does Not Induce or Potentiate Colitis in Interleukin-10-Deficient Mice
Creators: name: Goerres, M. S.
name: Arends, A.
name: Grenther, W.
name: Dieleman, L. A.
name: Sellon, R. K.
name: Craft, D. W.
name: Sartor, R. B.
name: Balish, E.
name: Tonkonogy, S. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Helicobacter hepaticus has been reported to induce colitis, hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in several different murine models. The aim of this study was to determine if H. hepaticus will cause colitis in monoassociated mice lacking the interleukin-10 gene (IL-10−/− mice) and potentiate colitis in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) IL-10−/− mice. Germfree IL-10−/− mice on either a mixed (C57BL/6 × 129/Ola) or inbred (129/SvEv) genetic background were monoassociated with H. hepaticus ATCC 51448 by oral feeding and rectal enemas. In a second experiment, germfree IL-10−/− mice were colonized with stool from SPF mice that harbored or did not harbor endogenous H. hepaticus. After 7 to 9 weeks of colonization, weight loss and mortality were assessed, the colon was isolated for histology and IL-12 secretion, and mesenteric lymph node cells were assessed for T-cell activation markers. It was found that IL-10−/− mice monoassociated with H. hepaticus for up to 16 weeks showed almost no histologic colitis or increased IL-12 production. SPF IL-10-knockout mice had no significant difference in weight loss, mortality rate, histologic scores, colonic IL-12 secretion, or T-cell activation with or without H. hepaticus. We conclude that H. hepaticus does not induce or potentiate disease in our IL-10−/− mice and therefore is not required to induce colitis in genetically susceptible hosts.
Identification of Discrete Domains within Gonococcal Transferrin-Binding Protein A That Are Necessary for Ligand Binding and Iron Uptake Functions
Creators: name: Anderson, J. E.
name: Boulton, I. C.
name: Cornelissen, C. N.
name: Yost, M. K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: The availability of free iron in vivo is strictly limited, in part by the iron-binding protein transferrin. The pathogenic Neisseria spp. can sequester iron from this protein, dependent upon two iron-repressible, transferrin-binding proteins (TbpA and TbpB). TbpA is a TonB-dependent, integral, outer membrane protein that may form a β-barrel exposing multiple surface loops, some of which are likely to contain ligand-binding motifs. In this study we propose a topological model of gonococcal TbpA and then test some of the hypotheses set forth by the model by individually deleting three putative loops (designated loops 4, 5, and 8). Each mutant TbpA could be expressed without toxicity and was surface exposed as assessed by immunoblotting, transferrin binding, and protease accessibility. Deletion of loop 4 or loop 5 abolished transferrin binding to whole cells in solid- and liquid-phase assays, while deletion of loop 8 decreased the affinity of the receptor for transferrin without affecting the copy number. Strains expressing any of the three mutated TbpAs were incapable of growth on transferrin as a sole iron source. These data implicate putative loops 4 and 5 as critical determinants for receptor function and transferrin-iron uptake by gonococcal TbpA. The phenotype of the ΔL8TbpA mutant suggests that high-affinity ligand interaction is required for transferrin-iron internalization.
"Und es wird immer so empfohlen" : Bildungskonzepte und Pflegekompetenz
Creators: name: Darmann-Finck, Ingrid
Publisher: name: Hogrefe
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Pflege
subject: Pflegedidaktik
subject: Pflegeausbildung
subject: Pflegekompetenz
subject: Bildungskonzepte
subject: 610

description: In dem Artikel werden Ergebnisse einer unter pflegedidaktischem Fokus unternommenen qualitativen empirischen Untersuchung der Interaktion zwischen Lehrern und Schülern im Pflegeunterricht dargestellt und daraufhin überprüft, ob der Unterricht eine angemessene Vorbereitung von Berufsneulingen auf die komplexen Anforderungen professioneller Praxis gewährleistet. Die Darstellung konzentriert sich auf ein häufig vorgefundenes Bildungskonzept, die «Regelorientierung». Unter dieser Kategorie werden solche Kommunikationsmuster der Lehrer zusammengefasst, in denen allgemeine Handlungsregeln für typische Pflegesituationen aufgestellt und als Maßstab für die berufliche Praxis präsentiert werden. Begrenzungen dieses Konzepts bestehen in der mangelnden wissenschaftsbasierten Begründung der vermittelten Handlungsregeln, der Vermittlung von Standards und Rezepten anstelle von situationsspezifischer Urteilsbildung und in der einseitigen Auflösung eigentlich widersprüchlicher Anforderungen der Pflegepraxis. Drei pflegedidaktische Zieldimensionen werden als Referenzrahmen für unterrichtsbezogene Entscheidungen konkretisiert, die dazu beitragen können, Pflegeschüler besser für die professionelle Praxis zu befähigen.
Approximate Bayesian forecasting
Creators: name: Frazier, David T.
name: Maneesoonthorn, Worapree
name: Martin, Gael M.
name: McCabe, Brendan P.M.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) has become increasingly prominent as a method for conducting parameter inference in a range of challenging statistical problems, most notably those characterized by an intractable likelihood function. In this paper, we focus on the use of ABC not as a tool for parametric inference, but as a means of generating probabilistic forecasts; or for conducting what we refer to as "approximate Bayesian forecasting". The four key issues explored are: i) the link between the theoretical behavior of the ABC posterior and that of the ABC-based predictive; ii) the use of proper scoring rules to measure the (potential) loss of forecast accuracy when using an approximate rather than an exact predictive; iii) the performance of approximate Bayesian forecasting in state space models; and iv) the use of forecast accuracy to inform the selection of ABC summaries in empirical settings. The primary finding of the paper is that ABC can provide a computationally ecient means of generating probabilistic forecasts that are nearly identical to those produced by the exact predictive, and in a fraction of the time required to produce predictions via an exact method.
IR thermographic visualization of flow separation in applications with low thermal contrast
Creators: name: Dollinger, Christoph
name: Balaresque, Nicholas
name: Sorg, Michael
name: Fischer, Andreas
Publisher: name: Elsevier Science
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: IR thermography
subject: Thermographic flow visualization
subject: Thermographic boundary layer measurements
subject: Separated flow
subject: Flow separation
subject: Circular cylinder
subject: Wind turbine rotor blades
subject: wind energy
subject: 600

description: A measurement method for IR thermographic visualization of separated flow on rotor blades for wind turbines is demonstrated. Flow separation has a negative influence on the performance of airfoils, e.g., at wind turbine rotors. Thermographic flow visualization is a non-invasive measurement technique to identify different flow regimes, but the visualization of separated flow without explicit additional heating of the measured object has not been possible to date. For this reason, a measurement approach with an enhanced sensitivity is presented, which evaluates temporal temperature fluctuations from a thermographic images series by means of the standard deviation as well as the analysis of selected Fourier coefficients. The approach is validated by wind tunnel experiments with a non-heated circular cylinder as well as a 2D 6 digit NACA-airfoil. The flow and measurement conditions are chosen to be similar to wind turbines in operation. As a result, the flow regimes including the flow separation are resolved and are in agreement with reference measurements, while the sensitivity of standard thermographic flow visualization was too low. In addition, the Fourier analyses method results in an improvement of the contrast to noise ratio between turbulent and separated flow by 11.6 % compared to the evaluation of the temperature standard deviation. Further improvements are expected in future when taking the complete spatiotemporal temperature fluctuations into account.
Stability and regularity of solutions of the Monge-Ampère equation on Hermitian manifolds
Creators: name: Kolodziej, Slawomir
name: Nguyen, Ngoc Cuong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove stability of solutions of the complex Monge-Ampère equation on compact Hermitian manifolds, when the right hand side varies in a bounded set in $L^p, p>1$ and it is bounded away from zero. Such solutions are shown to be Hölder continuous. As an application we extend a recent result of Székelyhidi and Tosatti on Kähler-Einstein equation from Kähler to Hermitian manifolds.
description: v4 final version incorporated the referee report
Serum Resistance in Haemophilus ducreyi Requires Outer Membrane Protein DsrA
Creators: name: Morrow, K. J.
name: Elkins, C.
name: Olsen, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Haemophilus ducreyi is resistant to killing by normal serum antibody and complement. We discovered an H. ducreyi outer membrane protein required for expression of serum resistance and termed it DsrA (for “ducreyi serum resistance A”). The dsrA locus was cloned, sequenced, and mutagenized. An isogenic mutant (FX517) of parent strain 35000 was constructed and characterized, and it was found to no longer express dsrA. FX517 was at least 10-fold more serum susceptible than 35000. DsrA was expressed by all strains of H. ducreyi tested, except three naturally occurring, avirulent, serum-sensitive strains. FX517 and the three naturally occurring dsrA-nonexpressing strains were complemented in trans with a plasmid expressing dsrA. All four strains were converted to a serum-resistant phenotype, including two that contained truncated lipooligosaccharide (LOS). Therefore, serum resistance in H. ducreyi does not require expression of full-length LOS but does require expression of dsrA. The dsrA locus from eight additional H. ducreyi strains was sequenced, and the deduced amino acid sequences were more than 85% identical. The major difference between the DsrA proteins was due to the presence of one, two, or three copies of the heptameric amino acid repeat NTHNINK. These repeats account for the variability in apparent molecular mass of the monomeric form of DsrA (28 to 35 kDa) observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Since DsrA is present in virulent strains, is highly conserved, and is required for serum resistance, we speculate that it may be a virulence factor and a potential vaccine candidate.
Measurement uncertainty of IR thermographic flow visualization measurements for transition detection on wind turbines in operation
Creators: name: Dollinger, Christoph
name: Sorg, Michael
name: Balaresque, Nicholas
name: Fischer, Andreas
Publisher: name: Elsevier Science
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Thermographic flow visualization
subject: Laminar-turbulent transition
subject: Boundary layer transition measurements
subject: Transition detection
subject: measurement uncertainty
subject: Uncertainty propagation
subject: wind energy
subject: Wind turbine rotor blades
subject: 600

description: The application of thermographic flow visualization on wind turbines in operation differs from the well-established application in wind tunnel experiments. The necessary temperature difference between the rotor blade and the flow only relies on the absorbed solar radiation, which often leads to a low signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, a large distance of up to 400 m exists between the rotor blade and the thermographic camera for ground based measurements, mainly due to the height of the wind turbine. This results in a poor spatial resolution as well as a small numerical aperture, which means a small detectable radiant power further degrades the signal-to-noise ratio. In order to determine the limits of measurability for the localization of the laminar-turbulent transition, the fundamental effects on the measurement uncertainty are investigated. For this purpose, the measurement uncertainty budgets for three signal processing algorithms are derived and validated with wind tunnel experiments and field measurements on a 1.5 MW wind turbine under sunny and cloudy weather conditions. As a result, the achievable standard uncertainty of the laminar-turbulent transition position for a temperature difference of 2 K amounts to 0.16 pixels in this case, which corresponds to 0.17% chord length. In addition, the measurement uncertainty is currently not limited by the measurement system (detector noise and fixed pattern noise of the camera), but by flow induced temperature fluctuations and fluctuations of the laminar-turbulent transition position itself. Hence, the field measurements on wind turbines in operation are still limited by the flow characteristics, i.e., the measurement object itself. Finally, one of the presented signal processing methods allows a robust, automated flow characterization for wind turbines in operation with subpixel accuracy in all of the presented measurements.
Dynamic Named Entity Recognition
Creators: name: Luiggi, Tristan
name: Soulier, Laure
name: Guigue, Vincent
name: Jendoubi, Siwar
name: Baelde, Aurélien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a challenging and widely studied task that involves detecting and typing entities in text. So far,NER still approaches entity typing as a task of classification into universal classes (e.g. date, person, or location). Recent advances innatural language processing focus on architectures of increasing complexity that may lead to overfitting and memorization, and thus, underuse of context. Our work targets situations where the type of entities depends on the context and cannot be solved solely by memorization. We hence introduce a new task: Dynamic Named Entity Recognition (DNER), providing a framework to better evaluate the ability of algorithms to extract entities by exploiting the context. The DNER benchmark is based on two datasets, DNER-RotoWire and DNER-IMDb. We evaluate baseline models and present experiments reflecting issues and research axes related to this novel task.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, SAC 2023
Testing for common breaks in a multiple equations system
Creators: name: Oka, Tatsushi
name: Perron, Pierre
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: The issue addressed in this paper is that of testing for common breaks across or within equations of a multivariate system. Our framework is very general and allows integrated regressors and trends as well as stationary regressors. The null hypothesis is that breaks in different parameters occur at common locations and are separated by some positive fraction of the sample size unless they occur across different equations. Under the alternative hypothesis, the break dates across parameters are not the
The Sequence-Variable, Single-Copy tprK Gene of Treponema pallidum Nichols Strain UNC and Street Strain 14 Encodes Heterogeneous TprK Proteins
Creators: name: Stamm, L. V.
name: Bergen, H. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Syphilis is a chronic infection with early relapses that are hypothesized to result from the emergence of phenotypic variants of Treponema pallidum. Recent studies demonstrated that TprK, a target of protective immunity, is heterogeneous in several T. pallidum strains, but not in Nichols strain Seattle (A. Centurion-Lara, C. Godornes, C. Castro, W. C. Van Voorhis, and S. A. Lukehart, Infect. Immun. 68:824–831, 2000). Analysis of PCR-amplified tprK from Nichols strain UNC and Street strain 14 treponemes showed that TprK has seven regions of intrastrain heterogeneity resulting from amino acid substitutions, insertions, and deletions. In contrast, analysis of PCR-amplified tprJ showed little intrastrain or interstrain heterogeneity. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis demonstrated that mRNA transcripts representing unique polymorphic TprK proteins are present during syphilitic infection. Southern hybridization confirmed that Nichols strain UNC and Street strain 14 each contain a single copy of tprK, indicating that intrastrain heterogeneity is due to the presence of multiple treponemal subpopulations which contain a variant form of tprK.
Fisher information and Cramér-Rao bound for unknown systematic errors
Creators: name: Fischer, Andreas
Publisher: name: Elsevier Science
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Measurement uncertainty limit
subject: Fisher information
subject: Cramér-Rao inequality
subject: Systematic error
subject: Measurement time
subject: 600

description: In order to understand the lower bound of achievable measurement uncertainties, the Cramér-Rao inequality is known to be an utmost useful tool. However, the calculation of the Cramér-Rao bound requires a known probability density function that describes the occurring stochastic process. For this reason, the Cramér-Rao bound is applied for determining the lower limit of the measurement uncertainty due to random errors. According to the international guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM), unknown systematic errors shall be treated as random errors. This approach is adopted here to enhance the applicability of the Cramér-Rao bound for unknown systematic errors. As a key result, the concept of Fisher information and the Cramér-Rao bound is shown to be applicable also to unknown systematic errors, which is demonstrated for several examples. An unknown offset, an unknown linear drift and successive unknown linear drifts are investigated in detail as systematic errors. Each derived corresponding Fisher information shows a characteristic behavior with respect to the measurement time. In contrast to random errors with a constant variance, the Fisher information can decrease for unknown systematic errors and, thus, the Cramér-Rao bound can increase with an increasing measurement time. For the typically existing case of simultaneously occurring random and unknown systematic errors, an optimal measurement time exists for which the achievable measurement uncertainty becomes minimal. In summary, the examples demonstrate how to determine the Fisher information and the Cramér-Rao bound for unknown systematic errors.
Counting vertices in plane and $k$-ary trees with given outdegree
Creators: name: Du, Rosena R. X.
name: He, Jia
name: Yun, Xueli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15, 05C05

description: We count the number of vertices in plane trees and $k$-ary trees with given outdegree, and prove that the total number of vertices of outdegree $i$ over all plane trees with $n$ edges is ${2n-i-1 \choose n-1}$, and the total number of vertices of outdegree $i$ over all $k$-ary trees with $n$ edges is ${k\choose i}{kn\choose n-i}$. For both results we give bijective proofs as well as generating function proofs.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, deleted generating function proofs of the two main theorems, and added Theorem 3.9
Cloning, Overexpression, Purification, and Immunobiology of an 85-Kilodalton Outer Membrane Protein from Haemophilus ducreyi
Creators: name: Olsen, B.
name: Cameron, D. W.
name: Elkins, C.
name: Thomas, K. L.
name: Leduc, I.
name: Thomas, C. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: We have identified an 85-kDa outer membrane protein that is expressed by all tested strains of Haemophilus ducreyi. Studies of related proteins from other pathogenic bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae, Pasteurella multocida, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Shigella dysenteriae, suggested a role for these proteins in pathogenesis and immunity. In keeping with the first such described protein from Haemophilus influenzae type B, we termed the H. ducreyi protein D15. The gene encoding the H. ducreyi D15 protein was cloned and sequenced, and the deduced amino acid sequence was found to be most similar to sequences of the D15-related proteins from other Pasteurella spp. The arrangement of the flanking genes was similar to that of H. influenzae Rd and suggested that D15 was part of a multigene operon. Attempts to make a null mutation of the D15 gene were unsuccessful, paralleling results in other D15 gene studies. Overexpression of H. ducreyi D15 in Escherichia coli resulted in a source of recombinant D15 (rD15) from which it was readily purified. rD15 was immunogenic, and it was found that immunization of rabbits with an rD15 vaccine preparation conferred partial protection against a virulent challenge infection. Antisera to an N-terminal peptide recognized all tested strains of H. ducreyi.
Robust Transmission Network Expansion Planning under Correlated Uncertainty
Creators: name: Roldán, Cristina
name: Mínguez, Roberto
name: García-Bertrand, Raquel
name: Arroyo, José Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper addresses the transmission network expansion planning problem under uncertain demand and generation capacity. A two-stage adaptive robust optimization framework is adopted whereby the worst-case operating cost is accounted for under a given user-defined uncertainty set. This work differs from previously reported robust solutions in two respects. First, the typically disregarded correlation of uncertainty sources is explicitly considered through an ellipsoidal uncertainty set relying on their variance-covariance matrix. In addition, we describe the analogy between the corresponding second-stage problem and a certain class of mathematical programs arising in structural reliability. This analogy gives rise to a relevant probabilistic interpretation of the second stage, thereby revealing an undisclosed feature of the worst-case setting characterizing robust optimization with ellipsoidal uncertainty sets. More importantly, a novel nested decomposition approach based on results from structural reliability is devised to solve the proposed robust counterpart, which is cast as an instance of mixed-integer trilevel programming. Numerical results from several case studies demonstrate that the effect of correlated uncertainty can be captured by the proposed robust approach.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8585130
Anomaly detection in streaming nonstationary temporal data
Creators: name: Talagala, Priyanga Dilini
name: Hyndman, Rob J
name: Smith-Miles, Kate
name: Kandanaarachchi, Sevvandi
name: Munoz, Mario A
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: This article proposes a framework that provides early detection of anomalous series within a large collection of non-stationary streaming time series data. We define an anomaly as an observation that is very unlikely given the recent distribution of a given system. The proposed framework first forecasts a boundary for the system's typical behavior using extreme value theory. Then a sliding window is used to test for anomalous series within a newly arrived collection of series. The model uses time series features as inputs, and a density-based comparison to detect any significant changes in the distribution of the features. Using various synthetic and real world datasets, we demonstrate the wide applicability and usefulness of our proposed framework. We show that the proposed algorithm can work well in the presence of noisy non-stationarity data within multiple classes of time series. This framework is implemented in the open source R package oddstream. R code and data are available in the supplementary materials.