cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the potential role of RORα in Parkinson’s disease: novel evidence for neuroprotection using post-mortem human tissues and in vitro studies
Creators: name: Al-Zaid, Felwah Saad
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Current therapies aimed at replacing dopamine do not halt disease progression and long-term use is associated with reduced efficacy and debilitating side effects, hence there is an urgent need for a better understanding of disease mechanisms leading to novel therapeutic approaches. Interestingly, being male is a major risk factor after aging for developing PD, with the neuroprotective capacity of estrogens contributing to male/female differences. The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) has numerous neuronal functions, including transcriptional regulation of central aromatase, the enzyme responsible for estradiol synthesis. RORα has also been noted to have neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress, a fundamental mechanism contributing to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD. Using qRT-PCR and western blot, we have identified a higher expression of RORα in the SNpc of female human post-mortem control brains compared with males. In PD subjects RORα expression in the males, but not female, SNpc was significantly increased compared with controls. Accordingly, we hypothesized that RORα is a sex-specific neuroprotective factor in PD, with its greater innate expression in control females contributing to their relative protection, whereas its up-regulation in male PD may represent a response to combat the pathogenic process. Therefore, further studies aimed to investigate the hypothesis that RORα is a potential therapeutic target in PD. In order to investigate directly the neuroprotective potential of RORα, we developed an in vitro PD model using a dopaminergic neuron-like cell line (N27) and an astrocytic cell line (C6), which were challenged with the dopaminergic-selective neurotoxin, 6-hydroxy dopamine; cell viability after challenge was assessed using both cell survival (MTS) and cell death (LDH) assays. Pharmacological analysis using a selective RORα/γ agonist (SR1078) and antagonist (SR1001) demonstrated that RORα activation protects dopaminergic neuronal cells against oxidative stress. We further characterised the underlying mechanisms and we found that SR1078 mediates neuroprotection in our model by blocking mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Spcies (ROS) production and inhibition of apoptosis. In summary, our human and in vitro experimental studies point to a novel role for RORα in PD, which may not only contribute to mechanisms underlying sex differences in the condition, but also suggests that up-regulation of RORα offers novel therapeutic potential in PD.
Cephennium lompei Assing 2021, nov.sp.
Creators: name: Assing, Volker
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Cephennium
Cephennium lompei

description: Cephennium lompei nov.sp. (Figs 6, 44-45)
Type material: Holotype ♂: " N32°46'56 W016°54'08, Portugal Madeira, Pico das Pedras-Queimada, Lompe 17.2.2017 / Holotypus ♂ Cephennium lompei sp. n. det. V. Assing 2020" (cAss). Paratype ♂: same data as holotype (cAss).
Etymology: This species is dedicated to Arved Lompe (Nienburg), who collected the type material.
Description: Small species; body length 1.0 mm. Habitus slender (Fig. 6). Head and pronotum reddish-brown; elytra dark-brown.
Eyes composed of approximately eight ommatidia. Antennae slender, 0.45 mm long; antennomeres VI and VIII weakly transverse, IX and X barely 1.5 times as broad as long.
Pronotum approximately 1.15 times as broad as long, with dense and fine, but distinct punctation.
Elytra slender; humeral carinae fine and short, approximately as long as the combined length of the basal three antennomeres; punctation dense and distinct.
♂: protibia moderately curved and somewhat excavate subapically; metaventrite distinctly impressed; aedeagus (Figs 44-45) 0.30-0.32 mm long and slender; ventral process apically of distinctive shape in ventral view; internal structures minute; parameres parameres long, stout, and straight, apically not reaching apex of median lobe and with moderately long apical seta.
Comparative notes: In external and the male secondary sexual characters, C. lompei is practically identical to C. australe. It is, however, easily distinguished from that species by a much longer (C. australe: aedeagus approximately 0.23 mm long) and apically differently shaped aedeagus, both in lateral and in ventral view. Both C. lompei and C. australe differ from the representatives of the C. validum group from the Iberian mainland by a much more slender habitus alone.
Distribution and natural history: The type locality is situated in the north of Madeira proper, to the northeast of Pico Ruivo. The specimens were sifted together with C. australe.
description: Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2021, On the Cephennium fauna of the Iberian Peninsula and the Atlantic Islands (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae), pp. 891-931 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (2) on page 915, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5039032
A microeconomic theory of the financial firm
Creators: name: Chinloy, Diana Hancock
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This research develops a microeconomic theory of the financial firm that is empirically implementable. Financial firms such as banks and savings and loan associations produce intermediation services between borrowers and lenders. User costs per unit of service can be derived for all goods. For financial services, these include the effects of reserve requirements, capital gains or losses, deposit insurance, interest rates, and service charges. Items generating more expenditure than revenue for the firm have positive user costs, and are inputs. Those with negative user costs are outputs. Comparative statics on profits, supplies of output and demands for input are derived for interest rates and monetary regulations. Data comprise pooled time series and cross section data for eighteen banks in New York and New Jersey for the years 1973-1978. User cost and quantity data are constructed for loans, demand deposits, time deposits, cash, labour and materials. The first two are outputs and the last four inputs. A specification is derived for the variable profit function, and the testing of regularity conditions such as monotonicity and convexity described. A test for the existence of a money supply, as a subset of financial goods is developed. The test imposes no prior restriction on the form of the money supply. The empirical results indicate that convexity and monotonicity obtain, at the geometric mean of the sample. Elasticities of supply for outputs are positive, but less than unity. Elasticities of demand are negative. Bank response to any monetary policy action can be calculated, and some experiments are reported on. An alternate model is derived to permit imperfect competition in the financial firm market for outputs and inputs. The model is shown to yield testable predictions, and price taking behavior for these banks is ruled out. The results indicate that it is possible to develop and implement a model of financial firm behavior. Such a model is required to ensure accuracy in the effectiveness of monetary policy.
Deep Transfer Learning for Land Use and Land Cover Classification: A Comparative Study
Creators: name: Naushad, Raoof
name: Kaur, Tarunpreet
name: Ghaderpour, Ebrahim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Efficiently implementing remote sensing image classification with high spatial resolution imagery can provide a significant value in Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) classification. The new advances in remote sensing and deep learning technologies have facilitated the extraction of spatiotemporal information for LULC classification. Moreover, the diverse disciplines of science, including remote sensing, have utilised tremendous improvements in image classification by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with transfer learning. In this study, instead of training CNNs from scratch, the transfer learning is applied to fine-tune pre-trained networks Visual Geometry Group (VGG16) and Wide Residual Networks (WRNs), by replacing the final layer with additional layers, for LULC classification using the red-green-blue version of the EuroSAT dataset. Moreover, the performance and computational time are compared and optimised with techniques, such as early stopping, gradient clipping, adaptive learning rates, and data augmentation. The proposed approaches have addressed the limited-data problem, and very good accuracies are achieved. The results show that the proposed method based on the WRNs performs better than the previous best-stated results in terms of the computational efficiency and accuracy from 98.57% to 99.17%.
Additional file 1 of Community residents’ preferences for chronic disease management in Primary Care Facilities in China: a stated preference survey
Creators: name: Li, Xianglin
name: Jiang, Mingzhu
name: Peng, Yingying
name: Shen, Xiao
name: Jia, Erping
name: Xiong, Juyang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Energetics, Information, and self-regulation
Creators: name: McGrath, Thomas Michael
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: All living systems need to obtain energy, learn about their environments, and maintain their internal state. The complexity of these processes varies enormously across different types of life, from the simple chemotactic foraging of \textit{E. coli} to the complex behaviours of mammals. In spite of this complexity, there may be general statements we can make about the processes of learning and homeostasis that are valid across the range of complexity we see in nature and even beyond. This thesis contains a series of explorations on these themes, linked by the central importance of energetic considerations. In Part I we outline a class of stochastic models for understanding homeostatic behaviour and alleviating modelling challenges presented by conventional ethological tools. We apply this model class to understand feeding behaviour in rodents. In doing so we find that anorectic agents have different behavioural profiles compared to natural satiation, and uncover how information from the gut is integrated into feeding strategies that differ between night and day. Finally, we perform \textit{in silico} experiments and find behavioural interventions of comparable effectiveness to current anorectic agents. In Part II we use stochastic thermodynamics to investigate the energetic constraints on learning and using a model of the world. We define an analytically-tractable system in which mutual information and work can be interchanged, and investigate the dynamics, efficiency, and regimes of operation of this system. We discover a regime in which information can act as a catalyst, allowing for increased work extraction. Next we define and investigate a thermodynamic system that performs online supervised learning. We find that learning in this system is inherently nonequilibrium and investigate the energetics of supervised learning.
Generators of II_1 Factors
Creators: name: Dykema, Ken
name: Sinclair, Allan
name: Smith, Roger
name: White, Stuart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L10; 46L35

description: In 2005, Shen introduced a new invariant, $\mathcal G(N)$, of a diffuse von Neumann algebra $N$ with a fixed faithful trace, and he used this invariant to give a unified approach to showing that large classes of ${\mathrm{II}}_1$ factors $M$ are singly generated. This paper focuses on properties of this invariant. We relate $\mathcal G(M)$ to the number of self-adjoint generators of a ${\mathrm{II}}_1$ factor $M$: if $\mathcal G(M)0$. In particular, if $\mathcal G(\mathcal L\mathbb F_r)>0$ for any particular $r>1$, then the free group factors are pairwise non-isomorphic and are not singly generated for sufficiently large values of $r$. Estimates are given for forming free products and passing to finite index subfactors and the basic construction. We also examine a version of the invariant $\mathcal G_{\text{sa}}(M)$ defined only using self-adjoint operators; this is proved to satisfy $\mathcal G_{\text{sa}}(M)=2\mathcal G(M)$. Finally we give inequalities relating a quantity involved in the calculation of $\mathcal G(M)$ to the free-entropy dimension $δ_0$ of a collection of generators for $M$.
description: 36 Pages, section 8 rewritten
Cephennium asturicum REITTER 1880
Creators: name: Assing, Volker
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Cephennium
Cephennium asturicum

description: Cephennium asturicum group
This lineage includes only one Iberian species, C. asturicum, characterized by a robust and strongly convex (cross-section) body with a large and strongly transverse pronotum, eyes composed of 4-5 ommatidia, elytra with very fine supra-humeral carinae, unmodified male protibiae, and an aedeagus with a long ventral process, distinct internal structures, and short thin parameres with a very long apical seta.
description: Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2021, On the Cephennium fauna of the Iberian Peninsula and the Atlantic Islands (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae), pp. 891-931 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (2) on page 915, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5039032
Unconventional superconductivity in systems with annular Fermi surfaces: Application to rhombohedral trilayer graphene
Creators: name: Ghazaryan, Areg
name: Holder, Tobias
name: Serbyn, Maksym
name: Berg, Erez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in a two-dimensional electron gas with an annular Fermi surface, long-range Coulomb interactions can lead to unconventional superconductivity by the Kohn-Luttinger mechanism. Superconductivity is strongly enhanced when the inner and outer Fermi surfaces are close to each other. The most prevalent state has chiral $p$-wave symmetry, but $d$-wave and extended $s$-wave pairing are also possible. We discuss these results in the context of rhombohedral trilayer graphene, where superconductivity was recently discovered in regimes where the normal state has an annular Fermi surface. Using realistic parameters, our mechanism can account for the order of magnitude of $T_c$, as well as its trends as a function of electron density and perpendicular displacement field. Moreover, it naturally explains some of the outstanding puzzles in this material, that include the weak temperature dependence of the resistivity above $T_c$, and the proximity of spin singlet superconductivity to the ferromagnetic phase.
description: 6+9 pages, 3+9 figures
Dephasing in a quantum dot coupled to a quantum point contact
Creators: name: Aono, Tomosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a dephasing mechanism in a quantum dot capacitively coupled to a quantum point contact. We use a model which was proposed to explain the 0.7 structure in point contacts, based on the presence of a quasi-bound state in a point contact. The dephasing rate is examined in terms of charge fluctuations of electrons in the bound state. We address a recent experiment by Avinun-Kalish {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 92}, 156801 (2004)], where a double peak structure appears in the suppressed conductance through the quantum dot. We show that the two conducting channels induced by the bound state are responsible for the peak structure.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Mechanical Systems that are both Classical and Quantum
Creators: name: Margolus, Norman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum dynamics can be regarded as a generalization of classical finite-state dynamics. This is a familiar viewpoint for workers in quantum computation, which encompasses classical computation as a special case. Here this viewpoint is extended to mechanics, where classical dynamics has traditionally been viewed as a macroscopic approximation of quantum behavior, not as a special case. When a classical dynamics is recast as a special case of quantum dynamics, the quantum description can be interpreted classically. For example, sometimes extra information is added to the classical state in order to construct the quantum description. This extra information is then eliminated by representing it in a superposition as if it were unknown information about a classical statistical ensemble. This usage of superposition leads to the appearance of Fermions in the quantum description of classical lattice-gas dynamics and turns continuous-space descriptions of finite-state systems into illustrations of classical sampling theory. A direct mapping of classical systems onto quantum systems also allows us to determine the minimum possible energy scale for a classical dynamics, based on a localized rate of state change. We use a partitioning description of dynamics to define locality, and discuss the ideal energy of two model systems.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures. v2 fixed unclear wording and added one reference
Is it possible to check urgently the 5-loop analytical results for the $e^+e^-$-annihilation Adler function ?
Creators: name: Kataev, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considering the results of recent distinguished analytical calculations of the 5-loop single-fermion loop corrections to the QED $β$-function we emphasize that to our point of view it is important to perform their independent cross-checks. We propose one of the ways of these cross-check. It is based on the application of the original Crewther relation. We derive the new analytical expressions for the $C_F^4α_s^4$-contributions to the Bjorken polarized sum rule. If results of possible direct calculations will agree with the presented expression, then the appearance of $ζ_3$-term in the 5-loop correction to the QED $β$-function and in the $C_F^4α_s^4$ contribution into the $e^+e^-$ annihilation Adler function will get independent support and may be analysed within the framework of the recently introduced concept of "maximal transcendentality".
description: 5 pages
Effects of land use on soil biodiversity: from local to global
Creators: name: Burton, Victoria
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Human activities, particularly land-use change and habitat degradation, are driving major changes in biodiversity worldwide. However, studies of such effects have overwhelmingly focused on above-ground taxa: the effects on soil biodiversity are less well known, despite the importance of soil organisms in developing soil structure, nutrient cycling and water drainage. In my thesis I assess how soil organisms respond to land-use and soil properties across a range of spatial scales and taxonomic groups using three kinds of data: a collation of published surveys of soil biota in sites facing different land-use pressures; new sampling of soil invertebrates in different land uses; and data on earthworm functional group diversity from a citizen science project I developed. In Chapter 2 I show that the abundances of soil-dwelling and above-ground organisms do not respond the same way to land-use and soil properties and that existing models may be insufficient to safeguard soil biodiversity. In Chapter 3 I model how abundance and species richness of soil biota responds to land use and find responses differ depending on organism size and soil properties. Having ascertained there is now sufficient soil assemblage data to fit complex models of how land use affects soil biodiversity, in Chapter 4 I use an independent data set I collected in the New Forest National Park to ground-truth how well a model of soil biodiversity across land uses in the temperate biomes compares with this new dataset. Throughout my thesis modelling soil assemblages in urban land uses has been problematic due to a lack of data and high uncertainty in model estimates. In Chapter 5 I present results from my project Earthworm Watch and show how citizen science can be used to model how earthworm abundance and functional diversity responds to different land uses in urban areas.
Lattice pure gauge compact QED in the Landau gauge: the photon propagator, the phase structure and the presence of Dirac strings
Creators: name: Loveridge, Lee C.
name: Oliveira, Orlando
name: Silva, Paulo J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate the lattice Landau gauge photon propagator together with the average number of Dirac strings in the compact formulation of QED for the pure gauge version of the theory as a function of the coupling constant. Their $β$ dependence show that these two quantities can be used to identify the confinement-deconfinement transition and that the nature of this transition is first order. Our results show that in the confined phase the propagator is always finite, the theory has a mass gap and the number of Dirac strings present in the configuration is two orders of magnitude larger than in the deconfined phase. Furthermore, in the deconfined phase where $ β\ge 1.0125$ the theory becomes massless, there are essentially no Dirac strings and the photon propagator diverges when the limit $p \rightarrow 0^+$ is taken. Our results illustrate the importance of the topological structures in the dynamics of the two phases.
description: Minor changes and two new references. Version accepted for publication in PRD
Additional file 1 of Affective temperaments of Lebanese patients with schizophrenia: comparison by gender and severity of psychosis
Creators: name: Dib, Joseph E.
name: Nehme, Ilige
name: Haddad, Chadia
name: Azar, Jocelyne
name: Hallit, Souheil
name: Obeid, Sahar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Flow diagram. Table S1. Comparison of temperaments between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Table S2. Comparison of temperaments between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls by gender.
On inverse problems and finite elements in shape analysis
Creators: name: Bock, Andreas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Shapes are nonlinear, multifarious objects and it is a nontrivial task to attach meaning to statements about their comparison. A central problem in the field of shape analysis is therefore to make sense of the notion of a metric on an abstract shape space. Through the lens of infinite-dimensional Riemannian geometry one can endow such spaces with different metrics stemming from nonrigid group actions to compute so-called geodesic matchings between shapes that share diffeomorphic or homeomorphic orbits. Owing to shape analysis being a relatively new field in the history of mathematics, several open questions require answering to reconcile theoretical development with numerical approximation. This project sets out to unite the framework of diffeomorphometry with linear functional analysis amenable to finite element methods. Shapes in this project will be images, curves or even measures, and we derive and compute convergent numerical approximations to the geodesic equations related to the motion on the aforementioned groups.
Cephennium caecum SAULCY 1864
Creators: name: Assing, Volker
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Cephennium
Cephennium caecum

description: Cephennium caecum group
This lineage includes nine species recorded from the Iberian Peninsula characterized by a small, relatively slender, and weakly convex (cross-section) body of pale-reddish to reddish colouration, eyes completely reduced or with one or two ommatidia, unmodified male protibiae, and a robust aedeagus with distinct internal structures and slender parameres with a short apical seta. Species of this group have been attributed to the subgenus Geodytes.
description: Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2021, On the Cephennium fauna of the Iberian Peninsula and the Atlantic Islands (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae), pp. 891-931 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (2) on page 917, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5039032
Fahrdynamikuntersuchungen eines Elektrofahrzeugs mit Einzelrad-Hinterradantrieb
Creators: name: Kaspar, Stephan
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2019
Subjects: Torque Vectoring
Fahrdynamikregelung
batterieelektrisches Fahrzeug
Elektromobilität
Vehicle Dynamic Control
single wheel drive
battery electric vehicle

description: Fahrdynamikuntersuchungen eines batterieelektrisch betriebenen Elektrofahrzeugs mit Einzelrad-Hinterradantrieb. Es werden von einer analytischen Herleitung über Vollfahrzeugsimulationen bis zu Fahrversuchen im Funktionsprototyp durchgängige Aussagen zu fahrdynamischen Veränderungen bei Erhöhung der Hinterachslast und deren Kompensationsmöglichkeiten durch Torque Vectoring generiert.
Regimes of the lateral van der Waals force in the presence of dielectrics
Creators: name: Queiroz, Lucas
name: Nogueira, Edson C. M.
name: Alves, Danilo T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper, it was shown that, under the action of the lateral van der Waals (vdW) force due to a perfectly conducting corrugated surface, a neutral anisotropic polarizable particle in vacuum can be attracted not only to the nearest corrugation peak, but also to a valley, or an intermediate point between a peak and a valley, with such behaviors called peak, valley and intermediate regimes, respectively. In the present paper, we investigate how these regimes are affected by the consideration of two non-dispersive semi-infinite dielectrics $ε_{1}$ and $ε_{2}$, separated by a corrugated interface. Specifically, we study the vdW interaction between a neutral anisotropic polarizable particle, embedded in the dielectric $ε_{2}$, and the dielectric $ε_{1}$. We show that when $ε_{2}ε_{1}$, one might expect a mere permute between the peak and valley regimes, in comparison to the case $ε_{2}ε_{1}$ the regimes exhibit a very different and nontrivial behavior. Moreover, we show that similar regimes arise in the classical case involving a neutral polarized particle. The description of how the peak, valley and intermediate regimes are affected by the presence of dielectrics may be relevant for a better understanding of the interaction between anisotropic particles and corrugated surfaces.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Motion robust acquisition and reconstruction of quantitative T2* maps in the developing brain
Creators: name: Vasylechko, Serhiy
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: The goal of the research presented in this thesis was to develop methods for quantitative T2* mapping of the developing brain. Brain maturation in the early period of life involves complex structural and physiological changes caused by synaptogenesis, myelination and growth of cells. Molecular structures and biological processes give rise to varying levels of T2* relaxation time, which is an inherent contrast mechanism in magnetic resonance imaging. The knowledge of T2* relaxation times in the brain can thus help with evaluation of pathology by establishing its normative values in the key areas of the brain. T2* relaxation values are a valuable biomarker for myelin microstructure and iron concentration, as well as an important guide towards achievement of optimal fMRI contrast. However, fetal MR imaging is a significant step up from neonatal or adult MR imaging due to the complexity of the acquisition and reconstruction techniques that are required to provide high quality artifact-free images in the presence of maternal respiration and unpredictable fetal motion. The first contribution of this thesis, described in Chapter 4, presents a novel acquisition method for measurement of fetal brain T2* values. At the time of publication, this was the first study of fetal brain T2* values. Single shot multi-echo gradient echo EPI was proposed as a rapid method for measuring fetal T2* values by effectively freezing intra-slice motion. The study concluded that fetal T2* values are higher than those previously reported for pre-term neonates and decline with a consistent trend across gestational age. The data also suggested that longer than usual echo times or direct T2* measurement should be considered when performing fetal fMRI in order to reach optimal BOLD sensitivity. For the second contribution, described in Chapter 5, measurements were extended to a higher field strength of 3T and reported, for the first time, both for fetal and neonatal subjects at this field strength. The technical contribution of this work is a fully automatic segmentation framework that propagates brain tissue labels onto the acquired T2* maps without the need for manual intervention. The third contribution, described in Chapter 6, proposed a new method for performing 3D fetal brain reconstruction where the available data is sparse and is therefore limited in the use of current state of the art techniques for 3D brain reconstruction in the presence of motion. To enable a high resolution reconstruction, a generative adversarial network was trained to perform image to image translation between T2 weighted and T2* weighted data. Translated images could then be served as a prior for slice alignment and super resolution reconstruction of 3D brain image.
Microlensing Detections of Planets in Binary Stellar Systems
Creators: name: Lee, Dong-Wook
name: Lee, Chung-Uk
name: Park, Byeong-Gon
name: Chung, Sun-Ju
name: Kim, Young-Soo
name: Kim, Ho-Il
name: Han, Cheongho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that microlensing can be used for detecting planets in binary stellar systems. This is possible because in the geometry of planetary binary systems where the planet orbits one of the binary component and the other binary star is located at a large distance, both planet and secondary companion produce perturbations at a common region around the planet-hosting binary star and thus the signatures of both planet and binary companion can be detected in the light curves of high-magnification lensing events. We find that identifying planets in binary systems is optimized when the secondary is located in a certain range which depends on the type of the planet. The proposed method can detect planets with masses down to one tenth of the Jupiter mass in binaries with separations
description: 5 pages, two figures in JPG format
How the United States Improved Its Agriculture
Creators: name: Christensen, Raymond P.
name: Hendrix, William E.
name: Stevens, Robert D.
name: Christensen, Raymond P.
name: Hendrix, William E.
name: Stevens, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
International Development
International Relations/Trade
Labor and Human Capital
Livestock Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the Preface: In February 1963, The Economic Research Service (ERS) received through the Agency for International Development (AID) a request from the Ministry of Food and Agriculture in India for information about how the United States has improved its agricultural production. The request emphasized the need for information about price and other economic incentives, fertilizer production and distribution, and other factors important to achieving rapid increases in agricultural output. ERS provided a summarizing statement and publications on the subject. Later, AID asked ERS to prepare a more detailed report on how the United States improved its agricultural production for use in other countries by USAID Missions. This report includes the information sent to India and that from other sources. It does not attempt to comprehensively cover the whole experience of the United States in improving agricultural output and productivity. This report has been prepared under an agreement between AID, U. S. Department of State and ERS, U. S. Department of Agriculture, providing for research on factors associated with changes and differences in agricultural production in less developed countries.
VIHdas Digitales: el estigma es la enfermedad
Creators: name: Guevara, Jorge
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: VIH
Estigma
Discriminación
SIDA
Personas que viven con VIH

description: El estigma asociado con el VIH surge de la desvalorización en contra de las personas que viven con el virus, quienes recurrentemente presentan trastornos psicológicos y del estado de ánimo (Casas Gutiérrez, 2012) dada la aún persistente relación de éste con ideas de carácter moral y sexual. La reducción del estigma y la discriminación por VIH no ha resultado proporcionalmente significativa a la positiva evolución de los fármacos que no sólo alejan a los pacientes del desarrollo del SIDA, sino que les permiten vivir con un padecimiento crónico, equiparable a la diabetes y la hipertensión. Esta es una plataforma digital de contenidos clasificados (videos, artículos de investigación y podcasts) de acuerdo con el modelo VIH: el estigma es la enfermedad, que promueve la reducción del estigma en contra de las personas que viven con VIH, así como el desarrollo de terapias de acompañamiento y nuevas investigaciones alrededor del tema.
Cephennium minutissimum
Creators: name: Assing, Volker
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Cephennium
Cephennium minutissimum

description: Cephennium minutissimum (SAULCY, 1864) (Map 2)
Material from Spain examined by C. Besuchet (unpubl.): SPAIN: Cataluña: 1♂, Barcelona, Vilasar ("Mus. Barcelone"). Baleares: 1♂, 1♀, Mallorca, Felanitx, leg. Zariquiey (" Mus. Barcelone ", coll. Normand); 2♀♀, Mallorca, Beniatzar, leg. Buñola ("Mus. Barcelone", coll. Palm); 1♀, Mallorca, Son Puigdorfila (MHNG).
According to SCHÜLKE & SMETANA (2015), this widespread anophthalmous species has been reported from Switzerland, Italy, France, Spain, and Algeria. For numerous records and illustrations of the male sexual characters see OROUSSET (2018). The distribution in Spain based on Besuchet (unpubl.) is illustrated in Map 2.
description: Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2021, On the Cephennium fauna of the Iberian Peninsula and the Atlantic Islands (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae), pp. 891-931 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (2) on page 917, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5039032
Understanding how bacterial products from the microbiota enter the host and influence immune cells at systemic sites.
Creators: name: Jordan, Christine
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Humans are colonised by live microbial communities on virtually all environmentally exposed surfaces. The major reservoir resides in the gastrointestinal tract and these colonising microbes are known as our microbiota. The relationship with our microbiota is complex. They influence many aspects of intestinal physiology mainly through their regulation of the intestinal immune system. Studies have now demonstrated that the microbiota also provides systemic benefits, by regulating the innate immune system at extra-intestinal sites. These systemic influences can occur via the dissemination of immunologically active molecules from the intestine to systemic tissues. Exactly how the microbiota exerts an influence on tissues outside of the intestine, is however, poorly understood. In this thesis, I have investigated how immunologically active cell wall molecules from the microbiota gain entry into the host, where they are deposited, how they regulate lung immunity, and how the host controls their activity to prevent pathological inflammation. We demonstrated that stimulation capability of products did not significantly affect their ability to cross the epithelial barrier, but that host processing of commensal cell wall by lysozyme promoted the entry of these molecules into the host. We found cell wall peptidoglycan deposited in many host tissues, including the bone marrow and lungs. Lysozyme susceptible cell wall demonstrated a significant increase in its capability to traverse the intestinal epithelium and enter the bloodstream, with a subsequent significant increase in deposition into host tissues such as liver and spleen. The increase in cell wall peptidoglycan in circulation due to the activity of lysozyme had a protective effect for the host by promoting resistance to pulmonary infection by K. pneumoniae. We went on to find that after entry into the bloodstream, commensal-derived cell wall products had their stimulation capacity significantly diminished by serum albumin. Collectively, our data reveal the host and commensal factors which influence the entry and activity of commensal-derived bacteria on systemic immunity. These results uncover how the microbiota could be manipulated as a novel means to enhance host resistance to pulmonary infection.
Moments of Heavy Quark Current Correlators at Four-Loop Order in Perturbative QCD
Creators: name: Sturm, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the result for the first moment of the scalar and axial-vector current correlator in third order of the strong coupling constant alpha_s and give the details of a recent evaluation of the pseudo-scalar correlator. The results can be used to reduce the theoretical uncertainty due to higher order corrections for the determination of fundamental parameters of QCD in the context of lattice calculations.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Bootstrapping Bloch bands
Creators: name: Tchoumakov, Serguei
name: Florens, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bootstrap methods, initially developed for solving statistical and quantum field theories, have recently been shown to capture the discrete spectrum of quantum mechanical problems, such as the single particle Schrödinger equation with an anharmonic potential. The core of bootstrap methods builds on exact recursion relations of arbitrary moments of some quantum operator and the use of an adequate set of positivity criteria. We extend this methodology to models with continuous Bloch band spectra, by considering a single quantum particle in a periodic cosine potential. We find that the band structure can be obtained accurately provided the bootstrap uses moments involving both position and momentum variables. We also introduce several new techniques that can apply generally to other bootstrap studies. First, we devise a trick to reduce by one unit the dimensionality of the search space for the variables parametrizing the bootstrap. Second, we employ statistical techniques to reconstruct the distribution probability allowing to compute observables that are analytic functions of the canonical variables. This method is used to extract the Bloch momentum, a quantity that is not readily available from the bootstrap recursion itself.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Towards physical realisations of quantum thermodynamics
Creators: name: Holmes, Zoe
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Quantum thermodynamics seeks to extend the laws of thermodynamics to equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems on the nano-scale. Over the last decade a large body of theoretical research into quantum thermodynamics has been produced; however, experimental research is yet to catch up with the impressive lead set by theory. This is especially true of quantum information theoretic approaches which have proven an effective means of incorporating quantum effects into thermodynamics but seem resistant to experimental implementation. This thesis aims to counter this shortcoming by proposing concrete physical realisations} of quantum thermodynamics to help bridge the gap between theory and experiment. This task is approached directly in chapter 2 by constructing an experimental implementation of a fluctuation relation developed from a quantum information theoretic perspective. Our proposal involves the autonomous evolution of a trapped ion and uses a tapered laser beam to implement a position dependent AC Stark shift. In order to test the fluctuation relation we convert the abstract framework of an autonomous quantum Crooks equality into quantum Crooks equalities for coherent, squeezed and cat states. These new relations highlight the physical origins and implications of coherence induced corrections to classical fluctuation relations and prompt a discussion on the interplay between coherence and irreversibility. In chapter 3 we turn our attention to Gibbs' iconic thought experiments on the work that can be extracted from the mixing of gases. Here we argue that optomechanical setups, involving a cavity in which a membrane is inserted, provide a suitable platform both to generalise such thought experiments to the quantum regime and to explore quantum thermodynamic signatures of distinguishability. We find, in contrast to classical thermodynamics, that the work that can be extracted from the mixing of the two photon gases varies continuously with their distinguishability. Finally, we demonstrate that the bunching of photons, arising from their Bosonic character, generates an energetic footprint that does not exist in classical thermodynamics.
Effect of disorder on a Pomeranchuk instability
Creators: name: Ho, A. F.
name: Schofield, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of disorder on the order parameter equation and transition temperature of a Pomeranchuk-type Fermi-surface instability using replica mean field theory. We consider the example of a phase transition to a $d_{x^2 +y^2}$ type Fermi surface distortion, and show that, in the regime where such a transition is second order, the transition temperature is reduced by disorder in essentially the same way as that for a d-wave superconductor. We argue that observing this disorder dependence of metal-to-metal transition might be a useful indicator of a finite angular momentum Fermi surface distortion.
description: 4.1 pages, 3 figs. Version as published in EPL. Added data of Sr3Ru2O7 to theory curves of Fig.2, and some clarification of derivation of results
Initial value problem for the two-dimensional time-fractional generalized convection-reaction-diffusion-wave equation: Invariant subspaces and exact solutions
Creators: name: Prakash, P.
name: Priyendhu, K. S.
name: Anjitha, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work investigates how we can extend the invariant subspace method to two-dimensional time-fractional non-linear PDEs. More precisely, the systematic study has been provided for constructing the various dimensions of the invariant subspaces for the two-dimensional time-fractional generalized convection-reaction-diffusion-wave equation along with the initial conditions for the first time. Additionally, the special types of the above-mentioned equation are discussed through this method separately such as reaction-diffusion-wave equation, convection-diffusion-wave equation and diffusion-wave equation. Moreover, we explain how to derive variety of exact solutions for the underlying equation along with initial conditions using the obtained invariant subspaces. Finally, we extend this method to two-dimensional time-fractional non-linear PDEs with time delay. Also, the effectiveness and applicability of the method have been illustrated through the two-dimensional time-fractional cubic non-linear convection-reaction-diffusion-wave equation with time delay. In addition, we observe that the obtained exact solutions can be viewed as the combinations of Mittag-Leffler function and polynomial, exponential and trigonometric type functions.
description: 62 pages
Cephennium caecum
Creators: name: Assing, Volker
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Cephennium
Cephennium caecum

description: Cephennium caecum (SAULCY, 1864) (Map 2)
Material examined: FRANCE: 1♂, Pyrénées-Orientales, Lahorre, 4.VII.1976, leg. Meybohm (cAss).
Material from Spain examined by C. Besuchet (unpubl.): SPAIN: Cataluña: 3♂♂, 10♀♀, Gerona, Cadaques, leg. Besuchet, Zariquiey (MHNG, coll. Español); 2♂♂, 1♀, Gerona, Llança, leg. Coiffait (MNHNP); 3♂♂, Gerona, Port Bou, leg. Coiffait (MHNG, MNHNP); 1♂, Barcelona, Gualba, Mas de Xaxars ("Mus. Barcelone"); 1♂, Barcelona, Montserrat, leg. Franz (MHNG); 1♂, Barcelona, Sant Medir, leg. Comellini (MHNG).
The known distribution of this anophthalmous species is confined to the Pyrénées-Orientales and Aude (Southwest France) and to several localities in Cataluña, Northeast Spain (Map 2). For numerous records and illustrations of the male sexual characters see OROUSSET (2018).
description: Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2021, On the Cephennium fauna of the Iberian Peninsula and the Atlantic Islands (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae), pp. 891-931 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (2) on page 918, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5039032