cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Residual Properties of Gamma-Limit Groups
Creators: name: Solie, Brent B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let Gamma be a fixed hyperbolic group. The Gamma-limit groups of Sela are exactly the finitely generated, fully residually Gamma groups. We give a new invariant of Gamma-limit groups called Gamma-discriminating complexity and show that the Gamma-discriminating complexity of any Gamma-limit group is asymptotically dominated by a polynomial. Our proof relies on an embedding theorem of Kharlampovich-Myasnikov which states that a Gamma-limit group embeds in an iterated extension of centralizers over Gamma. The result then follows from our proof that if G is an iterated extension of centralizers over Gamma, the G-discriminating complexity of a rank n extension of a cyclic centralizer of G is asymptotically dominated by a polynomial of degree n.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Measurement of the mass difference and the binding energy of the hypertriton and antihypertriton
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: hep-ex
nucl-ex
nucl-th

description: © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. According to the CPT theorem, which states that the combined operation of charge conjugation, parity transformation and time reversal must be conserved, particles and their antiparticles should have the same mass and lifetime but opposite charge and magnetic moment. Here, we test CPT symmetry in a nucleus containing a strange quark, more specifically in the hypertriton. This hypernucleus is the lightest one yet discovered and consists of a proton, a neutron and a Λ hyperon. With data recorded by the STAR detector1–3 at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, we measure the Λ hyperon binding energy BΛ for the hypertriton, and find that it differs from the widely used value4 and from predictions5–8, where the hypertriton is treated as a weakly bound system. Our results place stringent constraints on the hyperon–nucleon interaction9,10 and have implications for understanding neutron star interiors, where strange matter may be present11. A precise comparison of the masses of the hypertriton and the antihypertriton allows us to test CPT symmetry in a nucleus with strangeness, and we observe no deviation from the expected exact symmetry.
Transformational teaching and children's involvement in physical education
Creators: name: Keith, Sharon Elaine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The World Health Organization (2003) has reported that less than a third of young people are sufficiently active to accrue the necessary physical and mental health benefits required for optimal growth and development. School-based physical education has been highlighted as a particularly influential context through which to encourage lifelong physical activity participation (Pate et al., 2006). The overall purpose of this thesis was to examine the prospective relationships between students’ perceptions of their teachers’ behaviours, as conceptualized by transformational teaching, and student self-determined motivation, self-efficacy, attitudes, and academic enabling behaviour within elementary school physical education. 533 elementary school students (aged 11-13) from 23 classes participated in this prospective observational study. Students completed an initial battery of measures mid-way through the school year that corresponded to their perceptions of their teacher’s use of transformational teaching behaviours, as well as student psychological need satisfaction, self-determined motivation, self-efficacy, attitudes towards physical education (interest/value and perceived usefulness), interpersonal skills, and engagement. Two months later students completed the same measures once more. Results indicated that transformational teaching was a positive predictor of student self-determined motivation and attitudes. The relationships between transformational teaching and both student self-determined motivation and attitudes were also found to be partially mediated by psychological need satisfaction. Finally, transformational teaching was able to account for significant variance in students’ reports of self-efficacy, interpersonal skills and engagement in physical education. The findings of this study add to a growing body of literature which suggests that transformational teaching may be able to facilitate student involvement in school-based physical education.
$\mathbf{D_s}$-Meson as Quantitative Probe of Diffusion and Hadronization in Nuclear Collisions
Creators: name: He, Min
name: Fries, Rainer J.
name: Rapp, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The modifications of $D_s$-meson spectra in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions are identified as a quantitative probe of key properties of the hot nuclear medium. This is enabled by the unique valence-quark content of the $D_s$=$c\bar{s}$ which couples the well-known strangeness enhancement with the collective-flow pattern of primordially produced charm quarks. We employ a consistent strong-coupling treatment with hydrodynamic bulk evolution and nonperturbative $T$-matrix interactions for both heavy-quark diffusion and hadronization in the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). A large enhancement of the $D_s$ nuclear modification factor ($R_{AA}$) at RHIC is predicted, with a remarkable maximum of $\sim$1.5-1.8 at transverse momenta around 2 GeV/$c$. We show this to be a direct consequence of the strong coupling of the heavy quarks to the QGP and their hadronization via coalescence with strange quarks. We furthermore introduce the effects of diffusion in the hadronic phase and suggest that an increase of the $D$-meson elliptic flow compared to the $D_s$ can disentangle the transport properties of hadronic and QGP liquids.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Radio-Optical Reference Catalog, version 1
Creators: name: Makarov, Valeri V.
name: Johnson, Megan C.
name: Secrest, Nathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fundamental celestial reference frame (CRF) is based on two catalogs of astrometric positions, the third realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3), and the much larger Gaia~CRF, built from the third data release (DR3). The objects in common between these two catalogs are mostly distant AGNs and quasars that are both sufficiently optically bright for Gaia and radio-loud for the VLBI. This limited collection of reference objects is crucially important for the mutual alignment of the two CRFs and maintenance of all the other frames and coordinate systems branching from the ICRF. In this paper, we show that the three components of ICRF3 (S/X, K, and X/Ka band catalogs) have significantly different sky-correlated vector fields of position offsets with respect to Gaia~DR3. When iteratively expanded in the vector spherical harmonics up to degree 4 on a carefully vetted set of common sources, each of these components includes several statistically significant terms. The median sky-correlated offsets from the Gaia positions are found to be 56 $μ$as for the S/X, 100 $μ$as for the K, and 324 $μ$as for the Ka catalogs. The weighted mean vector field is subtracted from the Gaia reference positions, while the deviations from that field are added to each of the ICRF3 components. The corrected positions from each of the four input catalogs are combined into a single weighted mean catalog, which we propose to be the current most accurate realization of an inertial radio-optical CRF.
description: To be published in AJ
Mapping Research Topics on Loan Loss Provision (LLP) in Sharia and Conventional Banking: VOSviewer Bibliometric Study and Literature Review
Creators: name: Budianto, Eka Wahyu Hestya
name: Dewi, Nindi Dwi Tetria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This study aims to determine the research mapping regarding the Loan Loss Provision (LLP) ratio in Islamic and Conventional Banking using a mix-method approach, namely the VOSviewer bibliometric study and literature review. Data analysis techniques include: (1) mapping the distribution of journal publications around the LLP ratio; (2) mapping the results of the VOSviewer bibliometric visualization around the LLP ratio based on the number of clusters and their items; and (3) mapping research topics around the LLP ratio using a literature review study. The results showed that: (1) based on the distribution of journal publications, there were 1 37 journal publications regarding the LLP ratio; (2) based on the mapping of the VOSviewer bibliometric study, the network visualization results around the LLP ratio are divided into 10 clusters and 52 topic items; (3) based on the mapping of literature review studies, there are 17 topics around the influence of the LLP ratio and 10 topics about the determinants of the LLP ratio. The implications and contributions of this research are to map research topics around LLP ratios in Islamic and Conventional Banking which are often or rarely researched by researchers so that they can be a reference for subsequent researchers.
Antenna-coupled spintronic terahertz emitters driven by a 1550 nm femtosecond laser oscillator
Creators: name: Nandi, U.
name: Abdelaziz, M. S.
name: Jaiswal, S.
name: Jakob, G.
name: Gueckstock, O.
name: Rouzegar, S. M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: laser oscillator
subject: terahertz emitters
subject: antenna-coupled spintronic terahertz emitters
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: We demonstrate antenna-coupled spintronic terahertz (THz) emitters excited by 1550 nm, 90 fs laser pulses. Antennas are employed to optimize THz outcoupling and frequency coverage of ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic metallic spintronic structures. We directly compare the antenna-coupled devices to those without antennas. Using a 200 μm H-dipole antenna and an ErAs:InGaAs photoconductive receiver, we obtain a 2.42-fold larger THz peak-peak signal, a bandwidth of 4.5 THz, and an increase in the peak dynamic range (DNR) from 53 dB to 65 dB. A 25 μm slotline antenna offered 5 dB larger peak DNR and a bandwidth of 5 THz. For all measurements, we use a comparatively low laser power of 45 mW from a commercial fiber-coupled system that is frequently employed in table-top THz time-domain systems. This research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) through Project Nos. 290319996/TRR173, 318612841, and 278381540/PR1413/3-1 (REPHCON) and project B02 of the SFB/TRR227 Ultrafast Spin Dynamics. We further acknowledge CST for the EM Simulation solver.
Effects of the probiotic formulation SLAB51 in in vitro and in vivo Parkinson's disease models
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: probiotics
Parkinson's disease
BDNF
tyrosine hydroxylase
6-OHDA

description: © Castelli et al. Parkinson is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, including abnormalities in the gut function, which may appear before the motor sign. To date, there are treatments that can help relieve Parkinson' disease (PD)-associated symptoms, but there is no cure to control the onset and progression of this disorder. Altered components of the gut could represent a key role in gut-brain axis, which is a bidirectional system between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Diet can alter the microbiota composition, affecting gut-brain axis function. Gut microbiome restoration through selected probiotics' administration has been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of the novel formulation SLAB51 in PD. Our findings indicate that this probiotic formulation can counteract the detrimental effect of 6-OHDA in vitro and in vivo models of PD. The results suggest that SLAB51 can be a promising candidate for the prevention or as coadjuvant treatment of PD.
Upregulation of hsa_circ_0007874 suppresses the progression of ovarian cancer by regulating the miR-760/SOCS3 pathway
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: hsa_circ_0007874
miR-760
ovarian cancer
SOCS3

description: © 2020 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Ovarian cancer (OVA) is a fatal and common malignancy in women worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) consist of a family of circular endogenous RNAs generated by selective splicing, and they are involved in many diseases. Previous studies reported that hsa_circ_0007874 is aberrantly expressed in cancer and functions in tumorigenesis. While the hsa_circ_0007874 role in OVA is unclear. Here, we detected the hsa_circ_0007874 expression in OVA cell lines using Rt-qPCR. Hsa_circ_0007874 subcellular localization was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The relationship between hsa_circ_0007874, microRNAs (miRNAs), and relative protein levels was assessed using the luciferase reporter assays. Results verified that hsa_circ_0007874 is downregulated in OVA cell lines. hsa_circ_0007874 overexpression decreased the OVA cell migration and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-760 and SOCS3 are the downstream targets of hsa_circ_0007874. Downregulation of SOCS3 or miR-760 overexpression restored the migration and proliferation ability of SKOV3 or A2780 cells overexpressing hsa_circ_0007874. Downregulation of SOCS3 restored the proliferation and migration in miR-760 knockdown SKOV3 and A2780 cells. In summary, the data suggest that hsa_circ_0007874 acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating the miR-760/SOCS3 axis, highlighting its potential as an effective therapeutic target for OVA.
Thirty years of SN 1980K: Evidence for light echoes
Creators: name: Sugerman, Ben E. K.
name: Andrews, Jennifer E.
name: Barlow, Michael J.
name: Clayton, Geoffrey C.
name: Ercolano, Barbara
name: Ghavamian, Parviz
name: Kennicutt, Robert C.
name: Krause, Oliver
name: Meixner, Margaret
name: Otsuka, Masaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report optical and mid-infrared photometry of SN 1980K between 2004 and 2010, which show slow monotonic fading consistent with previous spectroscopic and photometric observations made 8 to 17 years after outburst. The slow rate-of-change over two decades suggests that this evolution may result from scattered and thermal light echoes off of extended circumstellar material. We present a semi- analytic dust radiative-transfer model that uses an empirically corrected effective optical depth to provide a fast and robust alternative to full Monte-Carlo radiative transfer modeling for homogenous dust at low to intermediate optical depths. We find that unresolved echoes from a thin circumstellar shell 14-15 lt-yr from the progenitor, and containing about 0.02 Msun of carbon-rich dust, can explain the broadband spectral and temporal evolution. The size, mass and dust composition are in good agreement with the contact discontinuity observed in scattered echoes around SN 1987A. The origin of slowly-changing high-velocity [O I] and Halpha lines is also considered. We propose an origin in shocked high-velocity metal-rich clumps of ejecta, rather than arising in the impact of ejecta on slowly-moving circumstellar material, as is the case with hot spots in SN 1987A.
description: Accepted 2/14/12 to be published in ApJ. 15 pages, 10 figures
Relationships between vocal pitch perception and production: a developmental perspective
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Acoustic Stimulation
Adolescent
Adult
Female
Growth and Development
Humans
Male
Pitch Discrimination
Pitch Perception
Young Adult

description: © 2020, The Author(s). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between vocal pitch discrimination abilities and vocal responses to auditory pitch-shifts. Twenty children (6.6–11.7 years) and twenty adults (18–28 years) completed a listening task to determine auditory discrimination abilities to vocal fundamental frequency (fo) as well as two vocalization tasks in which their perceived fo was modulated in real-time. These pitch-shifts were either unexpected, providing information on auditory feedback control, or sustained, providing information on sensorimotor adaptation. Children were subdivided into two groups based on their auditory pitch discrimination abilities; children within two standard deviations of the adult group were classified as having adult-like discrimination abilities (N = 11), whereas children outside of this range were classified as having less sensitive discrimination abilities than adults (N = 9). Children with less sensitive auditory pitch discrimination abilities had significantly larger vocal response magnitudes to unexpected pitch-shifts and significantly smaller vocal response magnitudes to sustained pitch-shifts. Children with less sensitive auditory pitch discrimination abilities may rely more on auditory feedback and thus may be less adept at updating their stored motor programs.
On the continuum limit of the entanglement Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Eisler, Viktor
name: Tonni, Erik
name: Peschel, Ingo
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: continuum limit
subject: entanglement Hamiltonian
subject: free fermions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: We consider the entanglement Hamiltonian for an interval in a chain of free fermions in its ground state and show that the lattice expression goes over into the conformal one if one includes the hopping to distant neighbours in the continuum limit. For an infinite chain, this can be done analytically for arbitrary fillings and is shown to be the consequence of the particular structure of the entanglement Hamiltonian, while for finite rings or temperatures the result is based on numerical calculations.
JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Planetary Mass Companion TWA 27B
Creators: name: Luhman, K. L.
name: Tremblin, P.
name: Birkmann, S. M.
name: Manjavacas, E.
name: Valenti, J.
name: de Oliveira, C. Alves
name: Beck, T. L.
name: Giardino, G.
name: Lutzgendorf, N.
name: Rauscher, B. J.
name: Sirianni, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 1-5um spectroscopy of the young planetary mass companion TWA 27B (2M1207B) performed with NIRSpec on board the James Webb Space Telescope. In these data, the fundamental band of CH_4 is absent and the fundamental band of CO is weak. The nondetection of CH_4 reinforces a previously observed trend of weaker CH_4 with younger ages among L dwarfs, which has been attributed to enhanced non-equilibrium chemistry among young objects. The weakness of CO may reflect an additional atmospheric property that varies with age, such as the temperature gradient or cloud thickness. We are able to reproduce the broad shape of the spectrum with an ATMO cloudless model that has T=1300 K, non-equilibrium chemistry, and a temperature gradient reduction caused by fingering convection. However, the fundamental bands of CH_4 and CO are somewhat stronger in the model. In addition, the model temperature of 1300 K is higher than expected from evolutionary models given the luminosity and age of TWA 27B (T=1200 K). Previous models of young L-type objects suggest that the inclusion of clouds could potentially resolve these issues; it remains to be seen whether cloudy models can provide a good fit to the 1-5um data from NIRSpec. TWA 27B exhibits emission in Paschen transitions and the He I triplet at 1.083um, which are signatures of accretion that provide the first evidence of a circumstellar disk. We have used the NIRSpec data to estimate the bolometric luminosity of TWA 27B (log L/L_sun=-4.466+/-0.014), which implies a mass of 5-6 MJup according to evolutionary models.
description: Astrophysical Journal Letters, in press
First Principles Phase Diagram Calculations for the Octahedral-Interstitial System ZrO$_{X}$, $0 \leq X \leq 1/2$
Creators: name: Burton, Benjamin P.
name: van de Walle, Axel
name: Stokes, Harold T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First principles based phase diagram calculations were performed for the octahedral-interstitial solid solution system αZrOX (αZr[ ]_(1-X)OX; [ ]=Vacancy; 0 \leq X \leq 1/2). The cluster expansion method was used to do a ground state analysis, and to calculate the phase diagram. The predicted diagram has four ordered ground-states in the range 0 \leq X \leq 1/2, but one of these, at X=5/12, is predicted to disproportionate at T \approx 20K, well below the experimentally investigated range T \approx 420K. Thus, at T \succeq 420K, the first-principles based calculation predicts three ordered phases rather than the four that have been reported by experimentalists.
Perspectives of adolescents with severe obesity on social Media in Preparation for weight-loss surgery: A qualitative study
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Social media
Adolescent obesity
Bariatric surgery
Support groups

description: © 2020 The Author(s). Background: Currently the most effective treatment for severe obesity in adolescents is weight-loss surgery coupled with lifestyle behavior change. In preparation for weight-loss surgery, adolescents are required to make changes to eating and activity habits (lifestyle changes) to promote long term success. Social media support groups, which are popular among adolescents, have the potential to augment preoperative lifestyle changes. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively assess the perceived role of social media as a support tool for weight-loss, and to identify motivators and constraints to lifestyle changes and social media use in adolescents preparing for weight-loss surgery. Methods: Thematic analysis of social media comments from 13 (3 male, 10 female) adolescents aged 16 ± 1.3 years with a body mass index (BMI) 45 ± 7.3 kg/m2 enrolled in a weight-management program preparing for bariatric surgery and who participated in a 12-week pilot social media intervention was performed. Participants commented on moderator posts and videos of nutrition, physical activity, and motivation that were shared three to four times per week. Social media comments were coded using NVivo 11.0 to identify recurrent themes and subthemes. Results: 1) Social media provided accountability, emotional support, and shared behavioral strategies. 2) Motivators for lifestyle changes included family support, personal goals, and non-scale victories. 3) Challenges included negative peers, challenges with planning and tracking, and time constraints. Conclusion: Adolescents considering bariatric surgery identified social media as a tool for social support and reinforcement of strategies for successful behavior change. Important motivators and challenges to lifestyle changes were identified.
Studies on calcium storage and ATPases of cardiac sarcolemma in relation to the inotropic effect of ouabain
Creators: name: Morcos, Nabil Charles
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: QP 113.2 M65 1976 Microfiche
subject: Heart - Muscle
subject: Calcium in the body
subject: Cardiac glycosides

description: Bibliography: p. 54-58, 82-83.
SpecDiff-GAN: A Spectrally-Shaped Noise Diffusion GAN for Speech and Music Synthesis
Creators: name: Baoueb, Teysir
name: Liu, Haocheng
name: Fontaine, Mathieu
name: Roux, Jonathan Le
name: Richard, Gael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Generative adversarial network (GAN) models can synthesize highquality audio signals while ensuring fast sample generation. However, they are difficult to train and are prone to several issues including mode collapse and divergence. In this paper, we introduce SpecDiff-GAN, a neural vocoder based on HiFi-GAN, which was initially devised for speech synthesis from mel spectrogram. In our model, the training stability is enhanced by means of a forward diffusion process which consists in injecting noise from a Gaussian distribution to both real and fake samples before inputting them to the discriminator. We further improve the model by exploiting a spectrally-shaped noise distribution with the aim to make the discriminator's task more challenging. We then show the merits of our proposed model for speech and music synthesis on several datasets. Our experiments confirm that our model compares favorably in audio quality and efficiency compared to several baselines.
description: Accepted at ICASSP 2024
A 3D model for the stellar populations in the nuclei of NGC 1433,NGC 1566, and NGC 1808
Creators: name: Vermot, P.
name: Palouš, J.
name: Barna, B.
name: Ehlerová, S.
name: Morris, M. R.
name: Wünsch, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We aim to characterize the properties of the stellar populations in the central few hundred parsecs of nearby galactic nuclei; specifically their age, mass, and 3D geometry. Methods. We use spatially resolved spectroscopic observations of NGC 1433, NGC 1566, and NGC 1808 obtained with SINFONI to constrain a 3D model composed of a spherically symmetric nuclear star cluster (NSC) and an extended thick stellar disk. We computed UV to mid-infrared single stellar population (UMISSP) spectra to determine the age of the stellar populations and construct synthetic observations for our model. To overcome degeneracies between key parameters, we simultaneously fit the spatially resolved line-of-sight velocity, line-of-sight-velocity-dispersion, low-spectral-resolution NIR continuum, and high-spectral-resolution CO absorption features for each pixel. Results. For the three objects, we derive the age and mass of the young and old stellar populations in the NSC and surrounding disk, as well as their 3D geometry: radius for the NSC; thickness, inclination, and position angle for the disk. These results are consistent with published independent measurements when available. Conclusions. The proposed method allows us to derive a consistent 3D model of the stellar populations in nearby galactic centers solely based on a near-infrared IFU observation.
The γ-ray production in neutral-current neutrino oxygen interaction in the energy range above 100 MeV
Creators: name: Mori, T.
name: Yamaguchi, R.
name: Sakuda, M.
name: Ankowski, A. M.
name: Benhar, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the cross section of the gamma-ray production from neutral-current neutrino-oxygen quasi-elastic interaction, $ν+\^{16}O \rightarrow ν+p+^{15}N*$, or $ν+^{16}O \rightarrow ν+n+^{15}O*$, in which the residual nuclei (15N* or 15O*) lead to the gamma-ray emission with gamma-ray energy >6 MeV at the branching ratio of 41%. Above 200 MeV, this cross section dominates over that of gamma-ray production from the inelastic reaction, $ν+^{16}O->ν+^{16}O*$. In the present calculation, spectral function and the spectroscopic factors of $1p_{1/2}, 1p_{3/2} and 1s_{1/2}$ states are essential. The gamma-ray production is dominated by the deexcitation of $1p_{3/2}$ state of the residual nucleus.
Mid-to-Late M Dwarfs Lack Jupiter Analogs
Creators: name: Pass, Emily K
name: Winters, Jennifer G
name: Charbonneau, David
name: Irwin, Jonathan M
name: Latham, David W
name: Berlind, Perry
name: Calkins, Michael L
name: Esquerdo, Gilbert A
name: Mink, Jessica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cold Jovian planets play an important role in sculpting the dynamical environment in which inner terrestrial planets form. The core accretion model predicts that giant planets cannot form around low-mass M dwarfs, although this idea has been challenged by recent planet discoveries. Here, we investigate the occurrence rate of giant planets around low-mass (0.1-0.3M$_\odot$) M dwarfs. We monitor a volume-complete, inactive sample of 200 such stars located within 15 parsecs, collecting four high-resolution spectra of each M dwarf over six years and performing intensive follow-up monitoring of two candidate radial-velocity variables. We use TRES on the 1.5 m telescope at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and CHIRON on the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 1.5 m telescope for our primary campaign, and MAROON-X on Gemini North for high-precision follow-up. We place a 95%-confidence upper limit of 1.5% (68%-confidence limit of 0.57%) on the occurrence of $M_{\rm P}$sin$i > $1M$_{\rm J}$ giant planets out to the water snow line and provide additional constraints on the giant planet population as a function of $M_{\rm P}$sin$i$ and period. Beyond the snow line ($100$ K $< T_{\rm eq} < 150$ K), we place 95%-confidence upper limits of 1.5%, 1.7%, and 4.4% (68%-confidence limits of 0.58%, 0.66%, and 1.7%) for 3M$_{\rm J} < M_{\rm P}$sin$i < 10$M$_{\rm J}$, 0.8M$_{\rm J} < M_{\rm P}$sin$i < 3$M$_{\rm J}$, and 0.3M$_{\rm J} < M_{\rm P}$sin$i < 0.8$M$_{\rm J}$ giant planets; i.e., Jupiter analogs are rare around low-mass M dwarfs. In contrast, surveys of Sun-like stars have found that their giant planets are most common at these Jupiter-like instellations.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ; 19 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Transition Radiation Detectors
Creators: name: Andronic, A.
name: Wessels, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the basic features of transition radiation and how they are used for the design of modern Transition Radiation Detectors (TRD). The discussion will include the various realizations of radiators as well as a discussion of the detection media and aspects of detector construction. With regard to particle identification we assess the different methods for efficient discrimination of different particles and outline the methods for the quantification of this property. Since a number of comprehensive reviews already exist, we predominantly focus on the detectors currently operated at the LHC. To a lesser extent we also cover some other TRDs, which are planned or are currently being operated in balloon or space-borne astro-particle physics experiments.
description: 37 pages, 33 figures; review article to appear in Nucl. Instr. Meth. A; links to references, as well as a simulation code (used to produce Figs 5-10), available at http://www-linux.gsi.de/~andronic/physics/trds.html
Jacobi Elliptic Functions and the Complete Solution to the Bead on the Hoop Problem
Creators: name: Baker, Thomas E.
name: Bill, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jacobi elliptic functions are flexible functions that appear in a variety of problems in physics and engineering. We introduce and describe important features of these functions and present a physical example from classical mechanics where they appear: a bead on a spinning hoop. We determine the complete analytical solution for the motion of a bead on the driven hoop for arbitrary initial conditions and parameter values.
description: Accepted for publication in American Journal of Physics. 9 pages, 6 figures
Dynamical Symmetry Breaking in Models with the Yukawa Interaction
Creators: name: Ksenzov, V. G.
name: Romanov, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss models with a massless fermion and a self-interacting massive scalar field with the Yukawa interaction. The chiral condensate and the fermion mass are calculated analytically. It is shown that the models have a phase transition as a function of the squared mass of the scalar field.
description: 7 pages, no figures, in Eqs. (7) and (11) one coefficient was changed
Role of p53 in the regulation of cellular senescence
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: p53
senescence
cell cycle arrest
microenvironment
DNA damage

description: © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The p53 transcription factor plays a critical role in cellular responses to stress. Its activation in response to DNA damage leads to cell growth arrest, allowing for DNA repair, or directs cellular senescence or apoptosis, thereby maintaining genome integrity. Senescence is a permanent cell-cycle arrest that has a crucial role in aging, and it also represents a robust physiological antitumor response, which counteracts oncogenic insults. In addition, senescent cells can also negatively impact the surrounding tissue microenvironment and the neighboring cells by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, ultimately triggering tissue dysfunction and/or unfavorable outcomes. This review focuses on the characteristics of senescence and on the recent advances in the contribution of p53 to cellular senescence. Moreover, we also discuss the p53-mediated regulation of several pathophysiological microenvironments that could be associated with senescence and its development.
Power draw measurements as a method of characterization of particle aggregation
Creators: name: Genc, Ayse Merve
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Power consumption is one of the critical parameters in optimization of industrial operations. In the present work, the power draw measurements were used as a method of characterizing and optimizing particle aggregation. A series of agglomerate flotation and oil agglomeration tests were carried out to find a correlation between power draw, particle aggregation and flotation performance. The experimental program included the agglomerate flotation of a complex nickel sulfide ore with fibrous gangue minerals, oil agglomeration of a fine suspension of bituminous coal used as model systems and oil agglomeration tests on a mixed mineral system with various types of gangue minerals. The effect of the gangue properties on oil agglomeration were studied by changing the coal-to-gangue ratio and the type of the gangue. Power draw measurements were conducted with either a turn-table or an electrical method to characterize and optimize agglomeration. The results indicate that the system behavior was strongly dependent on the mineralogical composition of the ore. The presence of fibrous gangue minerals in the flotation feed produced by grinding the nickel sulfide ore had a dominating effect on the performance of the flotation process. Power draw measurements were found to be much more useful in system optimization when compared to the characterization of particle agglomeration. The small portion of nickel sulfide particles in the ore and the complex entangled structure resulting from the presence of large amounts of fibrous gangue minerals probably made the agglomeration process difficult to be followed by power draw measurements. In the case of a simple coal-oil agglomeration system, the power draw measurements were sensitive enough to follow the oil agglomeration process. Concentration (valuable-to-gangue particle ratio), size and shape of these gangue minerals were the factors which affected the system significantly.
Low-Order Model of the Impact of Combustion Inefficiencies in RDCs
Creators: name: P. Barnouin
name: E. Bach
name: C. O. Paschereit,
name: E. J. Gutmark
name: M. D. Bohon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: RDC, detonation

description: In experimental rotating detonation combustor (RDC) studies, the detonation wave often propagates at 70 − 80% of the Chapman–Jouguet (CJ) speed. This discrepancy between experiments and theory partly stems from idealized flow assumptions of Zeldovich-von Neumann-Döring (ZND) theory, which does not account for losses. It is hypothesized that the differences in detonation characteristics between experiments and theory are due to a partial heat release generated by these loss mechanisms. Injection loss mechanisms (non-ideal mixing, backflow of products into the plenum and interaction of products with fresh reactants) affect detonation characteristics and pre-detonation gas states. The objective of this study is to estimate the impact these mechanisms may have on the combustion and detonation properties
Proton form factor ratio μp GEp/GMp from double spin asymmetry
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: nucl-ex

description: © 2020 American Physical Society. The ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors of the proton, μpGEp/GMp, has been measured for elastic electron-proton scattering with polarized beam and target up to four-momentum transfer squared Q2=5.66(GeV/c)2 using double spin asymmetry for target spin orientation aligned nearly perpendicular to the beam momentum direction. This measurement of μpGEp/GMp agrees with the Q2 dependence of previous recoil polarization data and reconfirms the discrepancy at high Q2 between the Rosenbluth and the polarization-transfer method with a different measurement technique and systematic uncertainties uncorrelated to those of the recoil-polarization measurements. The form factor ratio at Q2=2.06(GeV/c)2 has been measured as μpGEp/GMp=0.720±0.176stat±0.039sys, which is in agreement with an earlier measurement using the polarized target technique at similar kinematics. The form factor ratio at Q2=5.66(GeV/c)2 has been determined as μpGEp/GMp=0.244±0.353stat±0.013sys, which represents the highest Q2 measurement reached using double spin asymmetries with polarized target to date.
Low-rank extended Kalman filtering for online learning of neural networks from streaming data
Creators: name: Chang, Peter G.
name: Durán-Martín, Gerardo
name: Shestopaloff, Alexander Y
name: Jones, Matt
name: Murphy, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose an efficient online approximate Bayesian inference algorithm for estimating the parameters of a nonlinear function from a potentially non-stationary data stream. The method is based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF), but uses a novel low-rank plus diagonal decomposition of the posterior precision matrix, which gives a cost per step which is linear in the number of model parameters. In contrast to methods based on stochastic variational inference, our method is fully deterministic, and does not require step-size tuning. We show experimentally that this results in much faster (more sample efficient) learning, which results in more rapid adaptation to changing distributions, and faster accumulation of reward when used as part of a contextual bandit algorithm.
On the Cauchy problem for Hartree equation in the Wiener algebra
Creators: name: Carles, Rémi
name: Mouzaoui, Lounes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the mass-subcritical Hartree equation with a homogeneous kernel, in the space of square integrable functions whose Fourier transform is integrable. We prove a global well-posedness result in this space. On the other hand, we show that the Cauchy problem is not even locally well-posed if we simply work in the space of functions whose Fourier transform is integrable. Similar results are proven when the kernel is not homogeneous, and is such that its Fourier transform belongs to some Lebesgue space.
description: 12 pages
Energy coupling in intense laser solid interactions: material properties of gold
Creators: name: Liu, Xu
name: Wu, Dong
name: Zhang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the double-cone ignition inertial confinement fusion scheme, high density DT fuel is rapidly heated with high-flux fast electrons, which are generated by short and intense laser pulses. Gold cone target is usually used to shorten the distance between the critical surface and the compressed high density DT core. The material properties of solid gold may affect the generation and transport of fast electrons significantly, among which the effects of ionization and collision are the main concerns. In this work, the effects of ionization, collision and blow-off plasma on laser energy absorption rate are investigated using the LAPINS code: A three-stage model is adopted to explain the mechanism of fast electron generation and the change in laser energy absorption rate. With the increase of the charge state of Au ions, the laser-plasma interaction transfers to the later stage, resulting in a decrease in laser energy absorption rate. Collision has both beneficial and harmful effects. On one hand, collision provides a thermal pressure that makes it easier for electrons to escape into the potential well in front of the target and be accelerated in the second stage. On the other hand, collision increases stopping power and suppress electron recirculation within the target in the third stage. The vacuum sheath field behind the target enhances the electron circulation inside the target and thus improves the laser energy absorption, however this effect will be suppressed when the blow-off plasma density behind the target increases or collision is considered.
description: accepted by Phys. Plasmas
Time-of-flight imaging of invisibility cloaks
Creators: name: Halimeh, Jad C.
name: Wegener, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As invisibility cloaking has recently become experimental reality, it is interesting to explore ways to reveal remaining imperfections. In essence, the idea of most invisibility cloaks is to recover the optical path lengths without an object (to be made invisible) by a suitable arrangement around that object. Optical path length is proportional to the time of flight of a light ray or to the optical phase accumulated by a light wave. Thus, time-of-flight images provide a direct and intuitive tool for probing imperfections. Indeed, recent phase-sensitive experiments on the carpet cloak have already made early steps in this direction. In the macroscopic world, time-of-flight images could be measured directly by light detection and ranging (LIDAR). Here, we show calculated time-of-flight images of the conformal Gaussian carpet cloak, the conformal grating cloak, the cylindrical free-space cloak, and of the invisible sphere. All results are obtained by using a ray-velocity equation of motion derived from Fermat's principle.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, journal paper
Sensitivity of the future $\boldsymbol{e^{-}p}$ collider to the coupling of axion-like particles with vector bosons
Creators: name: Yue, Chong-Xing
name: Wang, Han
name: Cheng, Xue-Jia
name: Wang, Yue-Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axion-like particles (ALPs) arise naturally in many extensions of the Standard Model (SM). We explore the discovery potential for ALPs of the Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) via the $W^{+}W^{-}$ fusion process. For concreteness, both cases of the ALP decaying to muon pairs and $b\overline{b}$ pairs are investigated. Our numerical results show that the LHeC with the center of mass energy of $1.3$ TeV and the integrated luminosity of $1$ ab$^{-1}$ might be more sensitive than the LHC in probing ALPs over a range of masses from a few tens of GeV to $900$ GeV, where the promising sensitivities to the coupling of ALP with $W^{\pm}$ bosons reach nearly $0.15$ TeV$^{-1}$ and $0.32$ TeV$^{-1}$ for the signal processes $e^{-}p\rightarrowν_{e}ja(a\rightarrowμ^{+}μ^{-})$ and $e^{-}p\rightarrowν_{e}ja(a\rightarrow b\overline{b})$, respectively.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
The apparent Fermi liquid concept helps to understand thermoelectric materials
Creators: name: Oleś, Andrzej M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Invited expert opinion on the article S. Kremer and R. Fresard, Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 524, 21 (2012).
description: 3 pages, 1 figure
Quasars: standard candles up to z=7.5 with the precision of Supernovae Ia
Creators: name: Dainotti, Maria Giovanna
name: Bargiacchi, Giada
name: Lenart, Aleksander Łukasz
name: Nagataki, Shigehiro
name: Capozziello, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Currently, the $Λ$ Cold Dark Matter model, which relies on the existence of cold dark matter and a cosmological constant $Λ$, best describes the Universe. However, we lack information in the high-redshift ($z$) region between Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) (up to $z=2.26$) and the Cosmic Microwave Background ($z=1100$), an interval crucial to test cosmological models and their possible evolution. We have defined a sample of 983 Quasars up to $z=7.54$ with reduced intrinsic dispersion $δ=0.007$ which determines the matter density parameter $Ω_M$ with the same precision of SNe Ia. Although previous analysis have been used Quasars as cosmological tools (e.g. Risaliti and Lusso 2019), this is the first time that high-redshift sources, in this case Quasars, as standalone cosmological probes yield such tight constraints on $Ω_M$. Our results show the importance of correcting cosmological relationships for selection biases and redshift evolution and how the choice of a golden sample reduces considerably the intrinsic scatter. This proves the reliability of Quasars as standard cosmological candles.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Curcumin as an anticancer agent in malignant mesothelioma: A review
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: curcumin
mesothelioma
piperine
phytochemical
therapy

description: © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Malignant mesothelioma is an infrequent tumor that initiates from the mesothelial cells lining of body cavities. The great majority of mesotheliomas originate in the pleural cavity, while the remaining cases initiate in the peritoneal cavity, in the pericardial cavity or on the tunica vaginalis. Usually, mesotheliomas grow in a diffuse pattern and tend to enclose and compress the organs in the various body cavities. Mesothelioma incidence is increasing worldwide and still today, the prognosis is very poor, with a reported median survival of approximately one year from presentation. Thus, the development of alternative and more effective therapies is currently an urgent requirement. The aim of this review article was to describe recent findings about the anti-cancer activity of curcumin and some of its derivatives on mesotheliomas. The potential clinical implications of these findings are discussed.