cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Factors affecting Urban-to-Rural Migrants’ Intention and Behavior to Re-migrate to Urban Areas
Creators: name: Choi, Wonsil
name: Choi, Wonsil
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: urban-to-rural migrants' returning to urban areas
subject: motivation factors
subject: intention and behavior

description: This study analyzes the effect of motivation types on urban-to-rural migrants’ intention and behavior to re-migrate to urban areas. The motivation types are classified into economical and non-economical factors. By using the ordered logit model, we analyze the effect of economical and non-economical factors on the intention to re-migrate from rural to urban areas. The effect of economical and non-economical factors on the actual decision to re-migrate to urban areas is estimated based on the multinomial logit model. According to the estimation results, urban-to-rural migrants who put economical reasons first are more likely to choose to re-migrate to urban ares. On the other hand, it is estimated that urban-to-rural migrants who took prior education before migration or moved with their families are less likely to decide to return to urban areas.
Water Engineering II (Hydraulics II) WEH22P1
Creators: name: Baloyi, Bongani
Publisher: name: Walter Sisulu University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Civil engineering not elsewhere classified
Civil geotechnical engineering
Construction materials
Structural engineering
Timber engineering
Transport engineering
Water resources engineering

description: Subject : Water Engineering II (Hydraulics II) Subject code : WEH22P1 Qualification : National Diploma Engineering: Civil Examiners : Mr. BB Baloyi Moderator : Mr W Dicks Date : June 2019
Hybrid cavity mechanics with doped systems
Creators: name: Dantan, Aurelien
name: Nair, Bhagya
name: Pupillo, Guido
name: Genes, Claudiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of a mechanical resonator in which is embedded an ensemble of two-level systems interacting with an optical cavity field. We show that this hybrid approach to optomechanics allows for enhanced effective interactions between the mechanics and the cavity field, leading for instance to ground state cooling of the mechanics, even in regimes, like the unresolved sideband regime, in which standard radiation pressure cooling would be inefficient.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Using Process Data to Improve Classification Accuracy of Cognitive Diagnosis Model
Creators: name: Liang, Kangjun
name: Tu, Dongbo
name: Cai, Yan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: With the advance of computer-based assessments, many process data, such as response times (RTs), action sequences, Eye-tracking data, the log data for collaborative problem-solving (CPS) and mouse click/drag becomes readily available. Findings from previous studies (e.g., Peng et al., Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1–20, 2021; Xu, The British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 73(3), 474–505, 2020; He & von Davier, Handbook of research on technology tools for real-world skill development (pp. 750–777). IGI Global, 2016; Man & Harring, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 81(3), 441–465, 2021) suggest a substantial relationship between this human–computer interactive process information and proficiency, which means these process data were potentially useful variables for psychological and educational measurement. To make full use of the process data, this paper aims to combine two useful and easily available types of process data, including the mouse click/drag traces and the response times, to the conventional cognitive diagnostic model (CDM) to better understand individual’s response behavior and improve the classification accuracy of existing CDM. Then the full Bayesian analysis using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) was employed to estimate the proposed model parameters. The viability of the proposed model was investigated by an empirical data and two simulation studies. Results indicated the proposed model combing both types of process data could not only improve the attribute classification reliability in real data analysis, but also provide an improvement on item parameters recovery and person classification accuracy.
Disentangling Different Aspects of Change in Tests with the D-Diffusion Model
Creators: name: Ranger, Jochen
name: Wolgast, Anett
name: Much, Sören
name: Mutak, Augustin
name: Krause, Robert
name: Pohl, Steffi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Diffusion-based item response theory models are measurement models that link parameters of the diffusion model (drift rate, boundary separation) to latent traits of test takers. Similar to standard latent trait models, they assume the invariance of the test takers’ latent traits during a test. Previous research, however, suggests that traits change as test takers learn or decrease their effort. In this paper, we combine the diffusion-based item response theory model with a latent growth curve model. In the model, the latent traits of each test taker are allowed to change during the test until a stable level is reached. As different change processes are assumed for different traits, different aspects of change can be separated. We discuss different versions of the model that make different assumptions about the form (linear versus quadratic) and rate (fixed versus individual-specific) of change. In order to fit the model to data, we propose a Bayes estimator. Parameter recovery is investigated in a simulation study. The study suggests that parameter recovery is good under certain conditions. We illustrate the application of the model to data measuring visuo-spatial perspective-taking.
title: Editorial
Creators: name: Connelly, Graham
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2017

description: Welcome to the September 2017 (Vol 16, No 2) issue of the Scottish Journal of Residential Child Care (SJRCC). In the last issue, we reported that our publisher, CELCIS (Centre for Excellence for Looked After Children in Scotland), would be launching a MOOC (Massive Open Online Course), 'Getting Care Right for All Children: Implementing the UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children.' This free course ran for six weeks in May with more than 5,000 people taking part, including this Editor. The course was truly global in nature: as you can see from this interactive map people from 172 of all 195 countries in the world took part. And together they posted 15,290 comments, and viewed the course's 47 videos 34,845 times! The course will be repeated, so if you were unable to take part this time, you can register your interest by signing up to hear about CELCIS training and events.
cis -Diammine(pyridine)chloroplatinum(II), a monofunctional platinum(II) antitumor agent: Uptake, structure, function, and prospects
Creators: name: McCormick, Michael S.
name: Giacomini, Kathleen M.
name: Sancar, Aziz
name: D'Aquino, J. Alejandro
name: Zhang, Shuzhong
name: Lippard, Stephen J.
name: Lovejoy, Katherine S.
name: Reardon, Joyce T.
name: Todd, Ryan C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: We have identified unique chemical and biological properties of a cationic monofunctional platinum(II) complex, cis-diammine(pyridine)chloroplatinum(II), cis-[Pt(NH3)2(py)Cl]+ or cDPCP, a coordination compound previously identified to have significant anticancer activity in a mouse tumor model. This compound is an excellent substrate for organic cation transporters 1 and 2, also designated SLC22A1 and SLC22A2, respectively. These transporters are abundantly expressed in human colorectal cancers, where they mediate uptake of oxaliplatin, cis-[Pt(DACH)(oxalate)] (DACH = trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane), an FDA-approved first-line therapy for colorectal cancer. Unlike oxaliplatin, however, cDPCP binds DNA monofunctionally, as revealed by an x-ray crystal structure of cis-{Pt(NH3)2(py)}2+ bound to the N7 atom of a single guanosine residue in a DNA dodecamer duplex. Although the quaternary structure resembles that of B-form DNA, there is a base-pair step to the 5′ side of the Pt adduct with abnormally large shift and slide values, features characteristic of cisplatin intrastrand cross-links. cDPCP effectively blocks transcription from DNA templates carrying adducts of the complex, unlike DNA lesions of other monofunctional platinum(II) compounds like {Pt(dien)}2+. cDPCP–DNA adducts are removed by the nucleotide excision repair apparatus, albeit much less efficiently than bifunctional platinum–DNA intrastrand cross-links. These exceptional characteristics indicate that cDPCP and related complexes merit consideration as therapeutic options for treating colorectal and other cancers bearing appropriate cation transporters.
Optical absorption of twisted bilayer graphene with interlayer potential asymmetry
Creators: name: Moon, Pilkyung
name: Son, Young-Woo
name: Koshino, Mikito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the band structure and the optical absorption spectrum of twisted bilayer graphenes with changing interlayer bias and Fermi energy simultaneously. We show that the interlayer bias lifts the degeneracy of the superlattice Dirac point, while the amount of the Dirac point shift is significantly suppressed in small rotation angles, and even becomes opposite to the applied bias. We calculate the optical absorption spectrum in various asymmetric potentials and Fermi energies, and associate the characteristic spectral features with the band structure. The spectroscopic features are highly sensitive to the interlayer bias and the Fermi energy, and widely tunable by the external field effect.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Estimation of Hanwoo Farms’ Willingness to Pay for Livestock Disease Insurance
Creators: name: Ji, Yeongu
name: Ji, Yeongu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: livestock disease insurance
subject: Dichotomous Choice
subject: Contingent Valuation Method

description: This study estimates Korean livestock owners’ willingness to pay (WTP) for livestock disease insurance using the contingent valuation method (CVM). According to the results, livestock owners who bought first or second had higher WTP than the insurance premium they had to pay, and small livestock farmers who did not purchase insurance were also willing to pay more than the insurance premium. However, big livestock farmers who did not buy the insurance had lower WTP than the insurance premium. These results imply that policymakers should endeavor to advertise the economic advantages of livestock disease insurance to encourage small livestock farmers to buy insurance coverage for their livestock. Policymakers also need to devise another insurance premium program suitable for large-scale livestock farmers.
R-matrix and Mickelsson algebras for orthosymplectic quantum groups
Creators: name: Ashton, Thomas
name: Mudrov, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\g$ be a complex orthogonal or symplectic Lie algebra and $\g'\subset \g$ the Lie subalgebra of rank $\rk \g'=\rk \g-1$ of the same type. We give an explicit construction of generators of the Mickelsson algebra $Z_q(\g,\g')$ in terms of Chevalley generators via the R-matrix of $U_q(\g)$.
description: 12 pages, no figures; a minor correction on p.7
A Realistic Evaluation of Methods for Handling Missing Data When There is a Mixture of MCAR, MAR, and MNAR Mechanisms in the Same Dataset
Creators: name: Gomer, Brenna
name: Yuan, Ke-Hai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The impact of missing data on statistical inference varies depending on several factors such as the proportion of missingness, missing-data mechanism, and method employed to handle missing values. While these topics have been extensively studied, most recommendations have been made assuming that all missing values are from the same missing-data mechanism. In reality, it is very likely that a mixture of missing-data mechanisms is responsible for missing values in a dataset and even within the same pattern of missingness. Although a mixture of missing-data mechanisms and causes within a dataset is a likely scenario, the performance of popular missing-data methods under these circumstances is unknown. This study provides a realistic evaluation of methods for handling missing data in this setting using Monte Carlo simulation in the context of regression. This study also seeks to identify acceptable proportions of missing values that violate the missing-data mechanism assumed by the method used to handle missing values. Results indicate that multiple imputation (MI) performs better than other principled or ad-hoc methods. Different missing-data methods are also compared via the analysis of a real dataset in which mixtures of missingness mechanisms are created. Recommendations are provided for the use of different methods in practice.
Water Engineering II Water & Wastewater treatment WWTT22P1; WWT22B1; EWT22B1
Creators: name: Ikudayisi, Akinola
name: Jafta, Malakhiwe
Publisher: name: Walter Sisulu University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Civil engineering not elsewhere classified
Civil geotechnical engineering
Construction materials
Structural engineering
Timber engineering
Transport engineering
Water resources engineering

description: Subject : Water Engineering II Water & Wastewater Treatment Subject code : WWTT22P1; WWT22B1; EWT22B1 Qualification : National Diploma Engineering: Civil Examiners : Dr. AM Ikudayisi & Mr M Jafta Moderator : Mr B Valentyn Date : June 2019
Correction of a splice-site mutation in the beta-globin gene stimulated by triplex-forming peptide nucleic acids
Creators: name: Chin, J. Y.
name: Nielsen, P. E.
name: Glazer, P. M.
name: Seidman, M. M.
name: Kuan, J. Y.
name: Lonkar, P. S.
name: Krause, D. S.
name: Kole, R.
name: Peterson, K. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Splice-site mutations in the beta-globin gene can lead to aberrant transcripts and decreased functional beta-globin, causing beta-thalassemia. Triplex-forming DNA oligonucleotides (TFOs) and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have been shown to stimulate recombination in reporter gene loci in mammalian cells via site-specific binding and creation of altered helical structures that provoke DNA repair. We have designed a series of triplex-forming PNAs that can specifically bind to sequences in the human beta-globin gene. We demonstrate here that these PNAs, when cotransfected with recombinatory donor DNA fragments, can promote single base-pair modification at the start of the second intron of the beta-globin gene, the site of a common thalassemia-associated mutation. This single base pair change was detected by the restoration of proper splicing of transcripts produced from a green fluorescent protein-beta-globin fusion gene. The ability of these PNAs to induce recombination was dependent on dose, sequence, cell-cycle stage, and the presence of a homologous donor DNA molecule. Enhanced recombination, with frequencies up to 0.4%, was observed with use of the lysomotropic agent chloroquine. Finally, we demonstrate that these PNAs were effective in stimulating the modification of the endogenous beta-globin locus in human cells, including primary hematopoietic progenitor cells. This work suggests that PNAs can be effective tools to induce heritable, site-specific modification of disease-related genes in human cells.
A note on Higgs decays into $Z$ boson and $J/Ψ(Υ)$
Creators: name: Gao, Dao-Neng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rare decays $h\to Z V$ with $V$ denoting the narrow $c\bar{c}$ or $b\bar{b}$ resonances, such as $J/Ψ$ or $Υ$ states, have been analyzed. Within the standard model, these channels may proceed through the tree-level transition $h\to ZZ^*$ with the virtual $Z^*\to V$, and also loop-induced process $h\to Zγ^*$, followed by $γ^*\to V$. Our analysis shows that, for the bottomonium final states, the decay rate of $h\to Z Υ$ from the loop-induced process is small and the former transition gives the dominant contribution; while, for the charmonium final states, $Γ(h\to Z J/Ψ)$ and $Γ(h\to ZΨ(2S))$ induced by $h\to Zγ^* \to Z V$ could be comparable to the contribution given by the tree-level $h\to ZZ^*\to Z V$ transition.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Analysis of HPAI Incidence Factors in Duck Farms Using a Negative Binomial Regression Model
Creators: name: An, Meilan
name: An, Meilan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: HPAI
subject: duck farm
subject: number of incidence

description: Duck farms are getting attention as the primary propagation medium of HPAI. Therefore, this study analyzes the effect of duck farms’ characteristics on the occurrence of HPAI. We classified duck farms’ characteristics into farm management method, facility status, and location type, and selected 25 variables related to them. We used survey data from 715 duck farms for our research. We conducted an overdispersion test to choose a proper model. The test result showed that a negative binomial regression model was more appropriate than a Poisson regression model. The simulation of the negative binomial regression model showed that the incidence of HPAI was higher in farms with a high gross margin, large breeding scale, and increasedmortality. In farms where shipment and manure vehiclesentered their premises, the occurrence of HPAI increased. In addition, the occurrence of HPAI rose in areas where many farms were clustered and in farms where roads and feed manufactures were closer.
Discordant on/off switching of gene expression in myocytes during cardiac hypertrophy in vivo
Creators: name: Rockman, H. A.
name: Rojas, M.
name: Smithies, O.
name: Mao, L.
name: Hagaman, J.
name: Kim, H. S.
name: Brackhan, J.
name: Maeda, N.
name: Cowhig, J.
name: Pandya, K.
name: Carter, C. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: To determine whether the expression of cardiac genes changes in a graded manner or by on/off switching when cardiac myocytes change genetic programs in living animals, we have studied two indicator genes that change their expression oppositely in mouse binucleate ventricular cardiomyocytes during development and in response to cardiac hypertrophy. One is a single-copy transgene controlled by an α-myosin heavy chain (aMHC) promoter and coding for CFP. The other is the endogenous β-myosin heavy chain (bMHC) gene modified to code for a YFP–bMHC fusion protein. Using high-resolution confocal microscopy, we determined the expression of the two indicator genes in individual cardiomyocytes perinatally and after inducing cardiac hypertrophy by transverse aortic constriction. Our results provide strong evidence that the cardiac genes respond by switching their expression in an on/off rather than graded manner, and that responding genes within a single cell and within the two nuclei of cardiomyocytes do not necessarily switch concordantly.
Dynamic changes in accumbens dopamine correlate with learning during intracranial self-stimulation
Creators: name: Carelli, R. M.
name: Beyene, M.
name: Cheer, J. F.
name: Owesson-White, C. A.
name: Wightman, R. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is an important neurotransmitter for reward-seeking behaviors such as intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), although its precise role remains unclear. Here, dynamic fluctuations in extracellular dopamine were measured during ICSS in the rat NAc shell with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes. Rats were trained to press a lever to deliver electrical stimulation to the substantia nigra (SNc)/ventral tegmental area (VTA) after the random onset of a cue that predicted reward availability. Latency to respond after cue onset significantly declined across trials, indicative of learning. Dopamine release was evoked by the stimulation but also developed across trials in a time-locked fashion to the cue. Once established, the cue-evoked dopamine transients continued to grow in amplitude, although they were variable from trial to trial. The emergence of cue-evoked dopamine correlated with a decline in electrically evoked dopamine release. Extinction of ICSS resulted in a significant decline in goal-directed behavior coupled to a significant decrease in cue-evoked phasic dopamine across trials. Subsequent reinstatement of ICSS was correlated with a return to preextinction transient amplitudes in response to the cue and reestablishment of ICSS behavior. The results show the dynamic nature of chemical signaling in the NAc during ICSS and provide new insight into the role of NAc dopamine in reward-related behaviors.
Spin Relaxation in Materials Lacking Coherent Charge Transport
Creators: name: Harmon, Nicholas J.
name: Flatté, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a broadly-applicable theory of spin relaxation in materials with incoherent charge transport; examples include amorphous inorganic semiconductors, organic semiconductors, quantum dot arrays, and systems displaying trap-controlled transport or transport within an impurity band. The theory can incorporate many different relaxation mechanisms, so long as electron-electron correlations can be neglected. We focus primarily on spin relaxation caused by spin-orbit effects, which manifest through inhomogeneities in the $g$-factor and non-spin-conserving carrier hops, scattering, trapping, or detrapping. Analytic and numerical results from the theory are compared in various regimes with Monte Carlo simulations. Our results should assist in evaluating the suitability of various disordered materials for spintronic devices.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
title: An immersive VR test tool for multimodal human robot interaction
Creators: name: Milde, Sven
name:  Friesen, Stefan
name:  Runzheimer, Tabea
name:  Milde, Jan-Torsten
name:  Blum, Rainer
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2024

description: Multimodal interaction concepts for robotics are getting more so- phisticated by the day and need in depth testing and evaluation, of- ten with prototypes that are not ready to be tested by humans in the real world because of security concerns and low production numbers. As an alternative, this paper describes a virtual reality (VR) application of a multimodal Human-Robot-Interaction (HRI/HCI) interface, designed to work with standalone VR headsets, that is able to track gesture and speech input in order to control an autonomous robot vehicle. The data collected from the VR tests is evaluated and compared to the results from tests with the real vehicle and show no serious differences between the results.
Reinforced concrete & masonry design III RCM33P1
Creators: name: Gangerdine, Angelo
Publisher: name: Walter Sisulu University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Civil engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Subject: Reinforced concrete & masonry design III Subject code: RCM33P1 Course: ND Engineering: Civil Examiner: Mr A Gangerdine Moderator: Mr G Hoosen Date: June 2019
OGC Disaster Pilot: Provider Readiness Guide
Creators: name: Lavender, Andrew
name: Lavender, Dr Samantha
name: Open Geospatial Consortium
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: Disasters
Natural Hazards
Landslides
Flood
Emergency Response
Health
Pandemic
Analysis Ready Data
ARD

description:  
This Provider Guide supports data providers in preparing and coordinating with others to leverage standards-based cloud computing and real-time data sharing & collaboration platforms OPEN GEOSPATIAL CONSORTIUM 21-074 vii in support of disaster management and response efforts. It showcases what was developed and tested in the Pilot, alongside describing the standards that have been explored and integrated.
When a disaster strikes, disaster relief drives the need to quickly integrate and analyze realtime data streams from multiple sources to plan responses and monitor the evolving situation. Scalable cloud-based systems can bring sizable resources, but components need to be linked through pre-agreed standards. The OGC is at the center of the geospatial marketplace that allows the exploration and testing of state-of-the-art technologies. Therefore, it can uncover market capacities and capabilities and serve as an accelerator for market research activity while at the same time demonstrating the integration potential native to OGC Innovation Program activities. The web-based publication of "structured data" can link well-known content with up-to-theminute situation observations, enabling search engines to raise the importance of disasterrelevant information in search results and help the public stay aware of fast-moving events. Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and download-and-go GeoPackages can bring Decision Ready Information and indicators (DRI) directly to field workers' mobile devices even in resource-constrained, low-connectivity areas. The generation of DRIs is supported by data transformation and preparation technologies, geospatial standards, and data sharing arrangements that bring the correct information at the right time to the right people in the right place. The inputs include Analysis Ready Data and datasets (ARD), which is data in a format that can immediately be integrated with other geospatial data, and applied to recipes that convert these diverse sources into actionable and decision ready information necessary to support disaster managers and responders in their demanding and time sensitive roles. Within the OGC Disaster Pilot 2021 (termed Pilot), differing technologies were brought together through multiple participants, allowing the future development of a robust solution with no single-point weaknesses. These community activities become ever more important as the ability of technology to provide disaster responders with invaluable information improves.
Dynamical roles of metal ions and the disulfide bond in Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase folding and aggregation
Creators: name: Ding, F.
name: Dokholyan, N. V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Misfolding and aggregation of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is implicated in neuronal death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Each SOD1 monomer binds to 1 copper and 1 zinc ion and maintains its disulfide bond (Cys-57–Cys-146) in the reducing cytoplasm of cell. Mounting experimental evidence suggests that metal loss and/or disulfide reduction are important for initiating misfolding and aggregation of SOD1. To uncover the role of metals and the disulfide bond in the SOD1 folding, we systemically study the folding thermodynamics and structural dynamics of SOD1 monomer and dimer with and without metal binding and under disulfide-intact or disulfide-reduced environments in computational simulations. We use all-atom discrete molecular dynamics for sampling. Our simulation results provide dynamical evidence to the stabilizing role of metal ions in both dimer and monomer SOD1. The disulfide bond anchors a loop (Glu-49 to Asn-53) that contributes to the dimer interface. The reduction of the disulfide bond in SOD1 with metal ions depleted results in a flexible Glu-49–Asn-53 loop, which, in turn, disrupts dimer formation. Interestingly, the disulfide bond reduction does not affect the thermostability of monomer SOD1 as significantly as the metal ions do. We further study the structural dynamics of metal-free SOD1 monomers, the precursor for aggregation, in simulations and find inhomogeneous local unfolding of β-strands. The strands protected by the metal-binding and electrostatic loops are found to unfold first after metal loss, leading to a partially unfolded β-sheet prone to aggregation. Our simulation study sheds light on the critical role of metals and disulfide bond in SOD1 folding and aggregation.
Stationary states in 2D systems driven by bi-variate Lévy noises
Creators: name: Szczepaniec, Krzysztof
name: Dybiec, Bartlomiej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systems driven by $α$-stable noises could be very different from their Gaussian counterparts. Stationary states in single-well potentials can be multimodal. Moreover, a potential well needs to be steep enough in order to produce stationary states. Here, it is demonstrated that 2D systems driven by bi-variate $α$-stable noises are even more surprising than their 1D analogs. In 2D systems, intriguing properties of stationary states originate not only due to heavy tails of noise pulses, which are distributed according to $α$-stable densities, but also because of properties of spectral measures. Consequently, 2D systems are described by a whole family of Langevin and fractional diffusion equations. Solutions of these equations bear some common properties but also can be very different. It is demonstrated that also for 2D systems potential wells need to be steep enough in order to produce bounded states. Moreover, stationary states can have local minima at the origin. The shape of stationary states reflects symmetries of the underlying noise, i.e. its spectral measure. Finally, marginal densities in power-law potentials also have power-law asymptotics.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
title: Parallel Newton-Krylov-Schwarz Solvers for the Full Potential Flow Equation
Creators: name: Zhang, Jie
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Newton-Krylov-Schwarz methods are increasingly applied in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). We develop a parallel analysis code based on this method for the full potential flow model. The full potential model consists of a single nonlinear second-order partial differential equation of mixed type (elliptic/hyperbolic), which we solve as a steady boundary-value problem.

We use a nine-point finite-difference stencil to discretize the equation. A Newtonlike linearization and correction method is used to solve the resulting set of nonlinear algebraic equations. To solve the inner linear equations, we employ a Krylov space method. Preconditioners are used to improve the convergence rate. In order to preserve the parallelism intrinsic to the Newton-Krylov methods, we use the domain decomposition-based additive Schwarz method as a preconditioner. We compare the performances of various subdomain preconditioners such as Jacobi, SOR, LU, ILU(0), ILU(l), and ILU(2) against each other and against their global counterparts. From the view point of convergence rate and elapsed time, a domain-blocked ILU(n) is a good preconditioner.

We apply these methods in three parallel environments: SUN workstations on Ethernet network, an Intel Paragon (with a 2D interconnected mesh), and an IBM SP2 (with a high-performance multistage switch). Experimental data on sixteen SUN workstations and sixty-four Paragon nodes shows good efficiency for an implicit method.
Van der Waals epitaxial growth of topological insulator Bi$_{2-x}$Sb$_x$Te$_{3-y}$Se$_y$ ultrathin nanoplate on electrically insulating fluorophlogopite mica
Creators: name: Tu, Ngoc Han
name: Tanabe, Yoichi
name: Huynh, Khuong Kim
name: Sato, Yohei
name: Oguro, Hidetoshi
name: Heguri, Satoshi
name: Tsuda, Kenji
name: Terauchi, Masami
name: Watanabe, Kazuo
name: Tanigaki, Katsumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the growth of high quality Bi$_{2-x}$Sb$_x$Te$_{3-y}$Se$_y$ ultrathin nanoplates (BSTS-NPs) on an electrically insulating fluorophlogopite mica substrate using a catalyst-free vapor solid method. Under an optimized pressure and suitable Ar gas flow rate, we control the thickness, the size and the composition of BSTS-NPs. Raman spectra showing systematic change indicate that the thicknesses and compositions of BSTS-NPs are indeed accurately controlled. Electrical transport demonstrates that a robust Dirac cone carrier transport in BSTS-NPs. Since BSTS-NPs provide superior dominant surface transport of the tunable Dirac cone surface states with negligible contribution of the conduction of the bulk states, BSTS-NPs provide an ideal platform to explore intrinsic physical phenomena as well as technological applications of 3-dimensional topological insulators in the future.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, To be published in APL
P.Oxy. LXXVII 5105. Apotheosis in Hexameters
Creators: name: Papyri, Oxyrhynchus
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 200305 Latin and Classical Greek Languages
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Reproduction requests: https://www.ees.ac.uk/reproduction-requests-and-fees
Effective rescue of dystrophin improves cardiac function in dystrophin-deficient mice by a modified morpholino oligomer
Creators: name: Lu, P.
name: Jiang, J.
name: Sali, A.
name: Guerron, A. D.
name: Doran, T.
name: Xiao, X.
name: Nagaraju, K.
name: Li, J.
name: Spurney, C. F.
name: Wu, B.
name: Moulton, H. M.
name: Lu, Q. L.
name: Iversen, P. L.
name: Li, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping is able to correct out-of-frame mutations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and restore truncated yet functional dystrophins. However, its application is limited by low potency and inefficiency in systemic delivery, especially failure to restore dystrophin in heart. Here, we conjugate a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer with a designed cell-penetrating peptide (PPMO) targeting a mutated dystrophin exon. Systemic delivery of the novel PPMO restores dystrophin to almost normal levels in the cardiac and skeletal muscles in dystrophic mdx mouse. This leads to increase in muscle strength and prevents cardiac pump failure induced by dobutamine stress in vivo. Muscle pathology and function continue to improve during the 12-week course of biweekly treatment, with significant reduction in levels of serum creatine kinase. The high degree of potency of the oligomer in targeting all muscles and the lack of detectable toxicity and immune response support the feasibility of testing the novel oligomer in treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.
Thermally induced subgap features in the cotunneling spectroscopy of a carbon nanotube
Creators: name: Ratz, S.
name: Donarini, A.
name: Steininger, D.
name: Geiger, T.
name: Kumar, A.
name: Hüttel, A. K.
name: Strunk, Ch.
name: Grifoni, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on nonlinear cotunneling spectroscopy of a carbon nanotube quantum dot coupled to Nb superconducting contacts. Our measurements show rich subgap features in the stability diagram which become more pronounced as the temperature is increased. Applying a transport theory based on the Liouville-von Neumann equation for the density matrix, we show that the transport properties can be attributed to processes involving sequential as well as elastic and inelastic cotunneling of quasiparticles thermally excited across the gap. In particular, we predict thermal replicas of the elastic and inelastic cotunneling peaks, in agreement with our experimental results.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, submitted to New Journal of Physics
Geomagnetic imprinting: A unifying hypothesis of long-distance natal homing in salmon and sea turtles
Creators: name: Putman, N. F.
name: Lohmann, K. J.
name: Lohmann, C. M. F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Several marine animals, including salmon and sea turtles, disperse across vast expanses of ocean before returning as adults to their natal areas to reproduce. How animals accomplish such feats of natal homing has remained an enduring mystery. Salmon are known to use chemical cues to identify their home rivers at the end of spawning migrations. Such cues, however, do not extend far enough into the ocean to guide migratory movements that begin in open-sea locations hundreds or thousands of kilometers away. Similarly, how sea turtles reach their nesting areas from distant sites is unknown. However, both salmon and sea turtles detect the magnetic field of the Earth and use it as a directional cue. In addition, sea turtles derive positional information from two magnetic elements (inclination angle and intensity) that vary predictably across the globe and endow different geographic areas with unique magnetic signatures. Here we propose that salmon and sea turtles imprint on the magnetic field of their natal areas and later use this information to direct natal homing. This novel hypothesis provides the first plausible explanation for how marine animals can navigate to natal areas from distant oceanic locations. The hypothesis appears to be compatible with present and recent rates of field change (secular variation); one implication, however, is that unusually rapid changes in the Earth's field, as occasionally occur during geomagnetic polarity reversals, may affect ecological processes by disrupting natal homing, resulting in widespread colonization events and changes in population structure.
Growth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black and white women
Creators: name: Semelka, R. C.
name: Miner, K.
name: Laughlin, S. K.
name: Baird, D. D.
name: Peddada, S. D.
name: Vahdat, H. L.
name: Davis, B.
name: Kowalik, A.
name: Armao, D.
name: Haneke, K.
name: Guyon, J.-P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Uterine leiomyomata (fibroids) are the leading cause of hysterectomy in the United States. Black women have a greater fibroid burden than whites, yet no study has systematically evaluated the growth of fibroids in blacks and whites. We prospectively tracked growth for 262 fibroids (size range: 1–13 cm in diameter) from 72 premenopausal participants (38 blacks and 34 whites). Fibroid volume was measured by computerized analysis of up to four MRI scans over 12 months. We used mixed effects models to identify factors that are associated with growth, and results were converted to percent change per 6 months for clinical relevance. The median growth rate was 9% (range: −89% to +138%). Seven percent of fibroids regressed (>20% shrinkage). Tumors from the same woman grew at different rates (within-woman component of variation was twice the component among women; both were significant, P < 0.001). Black and white women less than 35 years of age had similar fibroid growth rates. However, growth rates declined with age for whites but not for blacks (P = 0.05). The odds of a tumor growing more than 20% in 6 months also decreased with age for whites but not for blacks (P < 0.01). Growth rates were not influenced by tumor size, location, body mass index, or parity. We conclude that (i) spontaneous regression of fibroids occurs; (ii) fibroids from the same woman grow at different rates, despite a uniform hormonal milieu; (iii) fibroid size does not predict growth rate; and (iv) age-related differences in fibroid growth between blacks and whites may contribute to the higher symptom burden for black women.
Structural steel & timber design III SDE32P1 / SDE32B1
Creators: name: Pfende, Hatitye
name: Sibanda, Hlanganani
Publisher: name: Walter Sisulu University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Civil engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Subject: Structural steel & timber design III Subject code: SDE32P1 / SDE32B1 Course: ND Engineering: Civil Examiner: Mr H Pfende & Mr H Sibanda Moderator: Mr GM Hoosen Date: July 2019
Testing scalar-tensor theories and PPN parameters in Earth orbit
Creators: name: Schärer, Andreas
name: Angélil, Raymond
name: Bondarescu, Ruxandra
name: Jetzer, Philippe
name: Lundgren, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the PPN parameters $γ$ and $β$ for general scalar-tensor theories in the Einstein frame, which we compare to the existing PPN formulation in the Jordan frame for alternative theories of gravity. This computation is important for scalar-tensor theories that are expressed in the Einstein frame, such as chameleon and symmetron theories, which can incorporate hiding mechanisms that predict environment-dependent PPN parameters. We introduce a general formalism for scalar-tensor theories and constrain it using the limit on $γ$ given by the Cassini experiment. In particular we discuss massive Brans-Dicke scalar fields for extended sources. Next, using a recently proposed Earth satellite experiment, in which atomic clocks are used for spacecraft tracking, we compute the observable perturbations in the redshift induced by PPN parameters deviating from their general relativistic values. Our estimates suggest that $|γ- 1| \sim |β-1| \sim 10^{-6}$ may be detectable by a satellite that carries a clock with fractional frequency uncertainty $Δf/f \sim 10^{-16}$ in an eccentric orbit around the Earth. Such space experiments are within reach of existing atomic clock technology. We discuss further the requirements necessary for such a mission to detect deviations from Einstein relativity.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Hierarchical organization of eglin c native state dynamics is shaped by competing direct and water-mediated interactions
Creators: name: Goldmon, C. C.
name: Papoian, G. A.
name: Materese, C. K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The native state dynamics of the small globular serine protease inhibitor eglin c has been studied in a long 336 ns computer simulation in explicit solvent. We have elucidated the energy landscape explored during the course of the simulation by using Principal Component Analysis. We observe several basins in the energy landscape in which the system lingers for extended periods. Through an iterative process we have generated a tree-like hierarchy of states describing the observed dynamics. We observe a range of divergent contact types including salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, hydrophilic interactions, and hydrophobic interactions, pointing to the frustration between competing interactions. Additionally, we find evidence of competing water-mediated interactions. Divergence in water-mediated interactions may be found to supplement existing direct contacts, but they are also found to be independent of such changes. Water-mediated contacts facilitate interactions between residues of like charge as observed in the simulation. Our results provide insight into the complexity of the dynamic native state of a globular protein and directly probe the residual frustration in the native state.
Photon mean free paths, scattering, and ever-increasing telescope resolution
Creators: name: Judge, Philip
name: Kleint, Lucia
name: Uitenbroek, Han
name: Rempel, Matthias
name: Suematsu, Yoshinori
name: Tsuneta, Saku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit an old question: what are the effects of observing stratified atmospheres on scales below a photon mean free path? The mean free path of photons emerging from the solar photosphere and chromosphere is near 100 km. Using current 1m-class telescopes, the mean free path is on the order of the angular resolution. But the Daniel K. Inoue Solar Telescope will have a diffraction limit of 0.020'' near the atmospheric cutoff at 310nm, corresponding to 14 km at the solar surface. Even a small amount of scattering in the source function leads to physical smearing due to this solar 'fog', with effects similar to a degradation of the telescope PSF. We discuss a unified picture that depends simply on the nature and amount of scattering in the source function. Scalings are derived from which the scattering in the solar atmosphere can be transcribed into an effective Strehl ratio, a quantity useful to observers. Observations in both permitted (e.g., Fe I 630.2 nm) and forbidden (Fe I 525.0 nm) lines will shed light on both instrumental performance as well as on small scale structures in the solar atmosphere.
description: Solar Physics, in press
EUREKAMAZZ: Centro de investigación escolar.
Creators: name: Franco Gallego, Darwin Valmore
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: La experiencia de EUREKAMAZZ se centra en la investigación escolar, promoviendo el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y la curiosidad en los estudiantes a través de la formulación de preguntas y la búsqueda de soluciones a problemáticas específicas. Se caracteriza por la estructuración de un cronograma de actividades que incluye la consolidación del centro de investigación, la conformación de líneas de investigación y la socialización de proyectos durante eventos como la Semana de la Investigación. El público objetivo abarca a estudiantes, quienes participan activamente en los procesos investigativos; docentes, que guían y acompañan a los estudiantes; y la comunidad educativa en general, que se beneficia de los conocimientos y productos generados, fomentando así una cultura científica y un aprendizaje significativo.