Neoseiulus zwoelferi
Creators: name: Zhang, Bin
name: Ma, Min
name: Fan, Qing-Hai
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Neoseiulus
Neoseiulus zwoelferi

description: Neoseiulus zwoelferi (Dosse, 1957)
Chinese name: 兹沃尔m小ḛẹ. New distribution record for Shanxi province.
LARVA (n=5, Figs 1, 2, 12A & 13A, Table 2)
Idiosoma (Figs 1A & B, Table 2) 198 (198–219) long, 136 (129–144) wide at s4 level. DORSUM (Fig. 1A): podonotal shield weakly sclerotized (Fig. 1A), smooth, bearing nine pairs of smooth setae (j1, j3, j4, j5, j6, s4, z2, z4 and z5), s4 longest; s4> j6> j1>j3, other podonotal setae shorter than j3. Opisthonotal region bearing five pairs of smooth setae J5, S2, Z1, Z4 and Z5 (J5 and Z5 on ventral side); Z4 apically blunt and prominently longer than other dorsal setae. Lyrifissures and solenostomes not discernible. Lengths of setae: j1 22 (20–26), j3 18 (18–20), j4 9 (8–18), j5 8 (6–16), j6 31 (21–31), J5 5 (5–6), s4 55 (35–52), S2 7 (5–10), z2 12 (11–13), z4 13 (13–17), z5 11 (8–12), Z1 8 (5–8), Z4 141 (123–164), Z5 7 (6–8). VENTER (Fig. 1B): without discernible shields.
Coxisternal area (Fig. 1B) bearing three pairs of setae st1, st2 and st3, without discernible lyrifissures. Four pairs of opisthogastric setae, JV1, JV2, JV5 and ZV2 present on membranous cuticles anterior to or around anal valve, JV2 longest, nearly three times as long as JV1, other setae shorter; a pair of paranal setae (pa) and a postanal seta (Po) present around anal valve, Pa longer than Po and much longer than opisthogastric setae; without solenostomes (gv3). Lengths of setae: st1 20 (20–23), st2 20 (17–22), st3 18 (16–20), JV1 8 (7–11), JV2 18 (16–19), JV5 6 (5–7), ZV2 7 (5–9), Pa 34 (31–37), Po 19 (13–19).
Gnathosoma. CHELICERA (Fig. 1C): movable digit 17 (17–18) long, without discernible teeth; fixed digit 19 (18–20) long, with three teeth and a tiny pilus dentilis near first tooth. PALP (Fig. 12A): trochanter devoid of setae; femur with a strong and spatulate seta and three simple setae; genu bearing a thick and four simple setae; tibial setae simple; division between tibia and tarsus undiscernible; tarsal apotele 2-tined. HYPOSTOME (Fig. 13A): weakly sclerotized, with only two pairs of hypostomal setae (h1 and h2) and deutosternal groove faint, without discernible denticles.
Legs (Fig. 2). Leg I 285 (254–296) long; setal counts (coxa to basitarsus): 2, 4, 9, 8, 8, 1.
Leg II 222 (207–232) long, setal counts: 2, 4, 7, 6, 7, 4.
Leg III 230 (206–234) long, setal counts: 2, 4, 5, 6, 6, 4. genu with a macroseta, 42 (36–49) long.
L: larva; PN: protonymph; DN: deutonymph; A: adult; numbers in bold: addition of setae on leg segments.
PROTONYMPH (n=7, Figs 3, 4, 12B & 13B, Table 2)
Idiosoma (Fig. 3A, Table 2) Podonotal shield 280 (223–280) long, 140 (129–147) wide at level of s4, weakly reticulated, muscle marks between j1 and j6 discernible,with nine pairs of smooth setae and three pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2 and gd4) and three pairs of lyrifissures (id2, id4 and idla); podonotal and opisthonotal shields separated by interscutal membrane, which bears three pairs of setae (J2, S2, and Z1), four pairs of lyrifissures (idm1, idm2, idm3 and is1), two pairs of sclerites (one pair big and another pair small); r3 and R1 present on soft cuticle. Opisthonotal shield sub-rectangle, reticulated, 59 (53–65) long, 70 (50–76) wide at level of S4, with five pairs of setae (S4, S5, J5, Z4 and Z5) and six pairs of lyrifissures (idl3, idl4, idm4, idm5, idm6 and idx) and two pairs of solenostomes (gd8 and gd9), Z4 and Z5 barbed and longer than other setae; Z4 longer than distance between Z4 and Z5; setae r3 smooth and as long as R1. Lengths of setae: j1 21 (17–23), j3 25 (22–25), j4 15 (12–15), j5 14 (12–14), j6 22 (17–24), r3 24 (20–24), z2 18 (17–20), z4 19 (17–21), z5 16 (12–16), s4 36 (31–36), S2 33 (24–33), S4 34 (24–34), S5 24 (17–24), J2 23 (20–22), J5 11 (9–11), Z1 24 (21–26), Z4 61 (54–64), Z5 45 (41–46), R1 21 (17–21). VENTER (Fig. 3B): smooth, without discernible shields. Stigmata located ventrolaterally between coxae III and IV.
Peritremes extending close to level of z5.
Coxisternal area with st1, st2 and st3, without lyrifissures. Four pairs of opisthogastric setae (JV1, JV2, JV5 and ZV2) and six pairs of lyrifissures on membranous cuticle around anal valve, JV1, JV5 and ZV2 obviously longer than those in larva, JV5 smooth, a pair of paranal setae (Pa) and a postanal seta (Po) present around anal valve; solenostomes gv3 (circular) posterior to JV2, distance gv3–gv3 33 (29–33). Lengths of setae: st1 26 (20–27), st2 23 (15–22), st3 20 (19–21), JV1 18 (16–21), JV2 19 (16–21), JV5 31 (26–31), ZV2 21 (16–21), Pa 15 (14–16), Po 16 (16–18).
Gnathosoma. CHELICERA (Fig. 3C): movable digit 22 (18–22) long, without teeth, fixed digit 24 (20–26) long, bearing three to four teeth, pilus dentilis well-developed, 6 (5–9) long, near the fourth tooth. PALP (Fig. 12B): a simple seta added on trochanter; femur with a spatulate seta and three simple setae, genu with a stout seta and four simple setae; tibia with several simple setae; tarsal apotele 2-tined as in larva. HYPOSTOME (Fig. 13B): with three pairs of hypostomal setae (h1, h2 and h3) and a pair of palpcoxal setae (pc); Deutosternal groove weakly developed, with four rows of denticles.
Legs (Fig. 4). Leg I 315 (254–315), setal counts (coxa to basitarsus): 2, 4, 10, 8, 8, 1. One seta added on femur.
Leg II 256 (218–259), setal counts (coxa to basitarsus): 2, 4, 7, 6, 7, 4. Without seta added.
Leg III 257 (230–262) long; setal counts (coxa to basitarsus): 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 4. One seta added on tibia. Genu with a macroseta, 31 (25–31) long.
Leg IV 317 (305–350) long; setal counts (coxa to basitarsus): 1, 4, 4, 5, 6, 4; Genu, tibia and basitarsus each with a simple macroseta 46 (40–47), 48 (38–48), 96 (84–96).
DEUTONYMPH (n= 4♀, 4♂, Figs 5, 6, 12C & 13C, Table 2)
Idiosoma (Fig. 5A, Table 2) 335 (311–347) long, 156 (156–174) wide; Podonotal and opisthonotal shields fused. DORSUM: fully reticulated, bearing 17 pairs of smooth setae, except Z4 and Z5 barbed; ten pairs of lyrifissures (id2, idl2, idl4, idm1, idm2, idm3, idm5, idm6, idx and is1), seven pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8 and gd9); two pairs of lyrifissures (id4 and idl3) and marginal setae r3 and R1 on interscutal membrane, R1 at level of lateral incisions. Lengths of setae: j1 22 (16–22), j3 29 (26–29), j4 18 (17–18), j5 15 (15–17), j6 20 (20–21), r3 25 (25–28), z2 22 (20–24), z4 24 (24–26), z5 15 (15–18), s4 48 (33–48), S2 34 (32–35), S4 37 (33–37), S5 32 (25–32), J2 24 (24–25), J5 8 (8–10), Z1 23 (23–27), Z4 50 (40–54), Z5 54 (51–58), R1 25 (24–26). VENTER (Figs 5B & C): smooth, without discernible shields.
Peritremes distinct, extending beyond z2.
Coxisternal area bearing five pairs of setae, st4 and st5 present; three pairs of lyrifissures (iv1, iv2 and iv3), st5 on membranous cuticle. Paragential lyrifissures on soft cuticle beneath st5. Sexes distinguishable—female with seven pairs of smooth setae (JV1, JV2, JV4, JV5, ZV1, ZV2 and ZV3) and four pairs of lyrifissures on membrane around anal shield on ventrianal area (Fig. 5B); male with four pairs of setae (JV1, JV2, JV5 and ZV2) and six pairs of lyrifissures on membrane of ventrianal area, ventrianal shield weakly developed. A pair of primary metopodal shield present in both female and male. A slender transverse sclerite (sometimes broken into up to four parts) presents between genital and ventrianal shields. A pair of paranal setae (Pa) and a postanal seta (Po) of subequal length present around anal valve on anal shield (Fig. 5 B & C). Solenostomes gv3, circular, posterior to JV2, distance gv3–gv3 43 (39–43). Lengths of setae: st1 28 (26–28), st2 26 (22–63), st3 23 (22–26), st4 20 (18–21), st5 18 (18– 22), JV1 23 (22–25), JV2 22 (22–24), JV4 14 (14–19), JV5 45 (42–46), ZV1 19 (16–20), ZV2 22 (22–27), ZV3 15 (13–15), Pa 15 (15–17), Po 17 (16–22). Primary metapodal platelet 16 (13–16) long, 5 (4–5) wide
Gnathosoma. CHELICERA (Figs 5D & E): movable digit 26 (24–26) long, without teeth, fixed digit 29 (27–31) long, bearing three to four visible teeth, pilus dentilis close to the last tooth, 10 (8–10) long. PALP (Fig. 12C). Trochanter with two simple setae; one simple seta added on femur; one stout seta added on genu; tibia with several simple setae; tarsal apotele 2-tined. HYPOSTOME (Fig. 13C): with three pairs of hypostomal setae (h1, h2 and h3) and a pair of palpcoxal setae (pc); deutosternal groove weak, with seven rows of denticles; corniculi horn-like.
Legs (Fig. 6). Leg I 361 (361–390) long; setal counts (coxa to basitarsus): 2, 5, 12, 9, 10, 2. Trochanter, genu and basitarsus each with a seta added. femur added two setae, genu and tibia added two setae to each segment. Other setae same as in protonymph.
Leg II 303 (298–312) long; setal counts (coxa to basitarsus): 2, 5, 10, 8, 7, 4. A seta added on trochanter, three setae added on femur, two setae added on genu. Other setae same as in protonymph.
Leg III 302 (296–308) long; setal counts (coxa to basitarsus): 2, 4, 6, 7, 7, 4. A seta added to trochanter, femur and genu, respectively. Other segments without seta added. A macroseta on genu shorter than that of protonymph, 26 (25–27) long.
Leg IV 409 (401–4169) long; setal counts (coxa to basitarsus): 1, 5, 6, 7, 6, 4. A setae added on trochanter, two setae added on femur and genu, respectively. Genu, tibia and basitarsus each with a simple macroseta 39 (39–41), 41 (33–41), 90 (87–90).
ADULT FEMALE (n=5, Figs 7, 8A, 9, 10, 12D & 13D, Table 2)
Idiosoma (Fig. 7A) 384 (384–419) long, 219 (204–232) wide. DORSUM: ovoid with notch at R1 level, fully reticulated, muscle marks present between j1 and Z4, bearing 17 pairs of setae; seven pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8 and gd9) and 15 pairs of lyrifissures (id1, id2, id4, id1a, id6, idl2, idl3, idl4, idm1, idm2, idm3, idm4, idm5, idm6 and is1); dorsal setae short and smooth except Z4 and Z5 longer, Z5 longest and barbed; Lengths of setae: j1 18 (13–19), j3 21 (20–24), j4 17 (16–18), j5 15 (15–19), j6 18 (18–20), z2 18 (17–23), z4 16 (16–22), z5 16 (14–18), s4 28 (26–32), r3 22 (20–24), J2 18 (18–20), J5 10 (8–10), Z1 19 (19–25), Z4 33 (27–39), Z5 52 (40–54), S2 27 (20–31), S4 22 (22–27), S5 22 (22–25), R1 21 (21–24). VENTER (Fig. 7B): tritosternum with a stalk-like base and two flagellae (laciniae). Sternal shield 76 (71–84) long, 88 (81–88) wide at level of ZV2, lateral margin with several striae, anterior edge weakly sclerotized, sternal shield sclerotized and convex between st1, posterior margin straight, bearing three pairs of setae (st1, st2 and st3) and two pairs of lyrifissures (iv1 and iv2), st3 on lobes; st4 and iv3 present on a pair of metasternal shields.
Peritremes extending forward nearly to j1 level.
Genital shield smooth, 132 (125–135) long, 76 (70–77) wide. Paragenital lyrifissures located on soft cuticle between st5 and ZV1. A slender transverse sclerite present between genital and ventrianal shields. A pair of small shields near ZV1. Ventrianal shield approximate pentagon shaped, with waist at level JV2, 136 (130–143) long, 109 (99–121) wide, fully reticulated, anterior edge straight, with 3 pairs of preanal setae (JV1, JV2 and ZV2), a pair of round solenostomes gv3 posterior to JV2, distance gv3–gv3 51 (47–55). Two pairs of marginal muscle marks situated at Pa level. JV4, JV5, ZV1 and ZV3 and three pairs of lyrifissures present on membranous cuticle around anal valve; a pair of paranal setae (Pa) and a postanal seta (Po) present around anal valve. Lengths of setae: st1 31 (24–32), st2 28 (28–31), st3 25 (25–29), st4 27 (24–33), st5 26 (23–33), JV1 23 (20–24), JV2 23 (22–27), JV4 21 (18–21), JV5 40 (42–48), ZV1 21 (21–27), ZV2 21 (21–27), ZV3 16 (14–20), Pa 17 (17–20), Po 21 (18–22). Primary metapodal platelet 32 (27–35) long, 6 (6–7) wide; secondary platelet 17 (10–17) long, 2 (2–3) wide.
Spermathecal apparatus (Figs 7C & 9). Cervix of spermatheca “Y”-shaped, calyx elongate, with a long neck, 11 (11–14) long, flaring distally; atrium ovoid and connected with major duct, which is narrower than atrium, minor duct threadlike for a short distance (longer than width of atrium) and then slightly expanded to form larger cylindrical tube.
Gnathosoma. CHELICERA. (Figs 7D, E & 8A): with movable digit 32 (30–33) long, without teeth; fixed digit 37 (32–37) long, bearing four to five visible teeth, pilus dentilis 6 (6–10) long, located near third tooth. PALP (Fig. 12D): trochanter with two simple setae; femur with a spatulate seta and four simple setae; genu with two stout and four simple setae; tibia with simple setae; tarsal apotele 2-tined. HYPOSTOME (Fig. 13D): with three pairs of hypostomal setae (h1, h2 and h3) and one pair of palpcoxal setae (pc). Deutosternal groove with seven rows of denticles; corniculi horn-like.
Legs (Fig. 10). Leg I 435 (393–435) long; setal counts (coxa to basitarsus): 2, 5, 12, 10, 10, 2. Genu added a seta, other setae same as in deutonymph. Leg II 342 (310–342) long; setal counts of legs I–IV same as those in deutonymph. Leg III 347 (314–347) long; setal counts (coxa to basitarsus): 2, 5, 6, 7, 7, 4. Trochanter added a seta, other segment without seta added. Leg IV 464 (433–464) long; numbers of setae of legs I–IV same as those in deutonymph, genu, tibia and basitarsus each with a simple macroseta 33 (29–33), 30 (25–34), 75 (64–77).
ADULT MALE (n=5, Figs 11 & 8B, Table 2)
Idiosoma (Fig. 11A, Table 2). 319 (292–327) long, 199 (185–205) wide. DORSUM: strongly reticulated, ovoid, bearing 19 pairs of setae, 16 pairs of visible lyrifissures (id1, id2, id3, id4, id6, idla, idl2, idl3, idl4, idm1, idm2, idm3, idm4, idm5, idm6 and is1) and seven pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8 and gd9), muscle marks present between j1 and J2 and a pair of muscle marks in front of J5. Marginal setae r3 and R1 on dorsal shield, Lengths of setae: j1 17 (13–17), j3 23 (20–23), j4 15 (15–17), j5 15 (15–19), j6 18 (18–20), z2 18 (17–23), z4 16 (16–23), z5 16 (14–18), s4 28 (26–32), r3 22 (20–24), J2 20, J5 10 (8–10), Z1 19 (19–25), Z4 33 (27–39), Z5 52 (40–54), S2 27 (20–31), S4 22 (22–27), S5 22 (22–25), R1 21 (21–24). VENTER (Fig. 11B): sternogenital shield smooth, lateral margins and areas between st4 and st5 with several striae, 159 (145–159) long from middle of anterior margin to posterior margin, 69 (66–70) wide, middle of anterior margin convex, posterior margin of shield nearly straight, with five pairs of smooth setae (st1, st2, st3, st4 and st5) and three pairs of lyrifissures (iv1, iv2 and iv3).
Peritremes extending close to j1 level.
Ventrianal shield reticulated, approximately triangle, middle of anterior margin with median lobe, 133 (129– 134) long, 133 (129–134) wide at corner of anterior margin, with three pairs of preanal setae (JV1, JV2 and ZV2) and four pairs of lyrifissures, a pair of round solenostomes gv3, distance gv3–gv3 39 (39–42). A pair of JV5 and a pair of lyrifissure on membranous cuticles. Lengths of setae: st1 22 (19–23), st2 19 (18–19), st3 21 (19–21), st4 22 (20–23), st5 20 (17–20), JV1 19 (17–20), JV2 19 (18–20), JV5 31 (25–34), ZV2 21 (19–23).
Gnathosoma. CHELICERA (Figs 8B & 11C): movable digit 26 (24–26) long, with a tooth, fixed digit 27 (25–28) long, with five teeth; Spermatodactyl L-shaped, foot reduced. PALP: Chaetotaxy same as female. HYPOSTOME: setal counts same as adult female.
Legs. Leg setal counts same as adult female.
Addition of setae on leg segments. Most leg setae added during the postembryonic development of N. zwoelferi first appear mainly in the deutonymph, with more setae added on trochanter, femur and genu (Table 2), a few setae added in the protonymphs or adult. The numbers of setae are stable on coxae, tibia and basitarsus from protonymph to adult (Table 2).
Specimens examined: Laboratory-reared: 2 adult females, 8.VI.2020; 11 adult females, 1 adult male, 1 deutonymphal female, 1 deutonymphal male, 2 larvae, 31.VIII.2020; 1 adult female, 1adult male, 1 deutonymphal female, 1 deutonymphal male, 7 protonymphs, 1 larva, 1.IX.2020; 1 adult female, 2 adult males, 1 deutonymphal male, 1 protonymph, 3 larvae, 2.IX.2020; 1 adult female, 3.IX.2020; 1 adult female, 8.IX.2020; 1 adult male, 23.IX.2020, coll. B. Zhang and M. Ma; 3 deutonymphal females, 2.VII.2021, coll. S. Jiao.
Other specimens: Shanxi, China: 5 adult females, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, from Hemerocallis fulva, 7.X.2013, coll. Q.-H. Fan (accession no.: T13 _0009); 1 adult female, same data as T13_0009, except date: 6.VIII.2014, coll. M. Ma (T14 _0133); 3 adult females, Ningwu, Luyashan National Nature Reserve, from weed, 6.VIII.2014, coll. B. Zhang & M. Ma (T14 _0235); 1 adult female (T14 _0236), same data as T 14_0235; 2 adult females (T14 _0238), same data as T 14_0235; 3 adult females, 1 adult male, 1 protonymph (T14 _0239), same data as T 14_0235; 8 adult females, 1 adult male, same data as T 14_0238, except: coll. B.-Q. Su and M.-J. Yin (T14 _ 0262); 1 adult female, same data as T 14_0262, except host: Hippophae rhamnoides (T14 _0263); 1 adult female, 1adult male, same data as T 13_0009, except host: weed, 20.VIII.2014, coll. B.-Q. Su and M.-J. Yin (T14 _0299).
description: Published as part of Zhang, Bin, Ma, Min & Fan, Qing-Hai, 2021, Morphological ontogeny of Neoseiulus zwoelferi (Acari: Phytoseiidae), pp. 7-28 in Zootaxa 5086 (1) on pages 9-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5086.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5814411