cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Local intermolecular structure, hydrogen bonding and related dynamics in the liquid cis/trans N-methylformamide mixture: A density functional theory based Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics study
Creators: name: Skarmoutsos, Ioannis
name: Mancera, Ricardo L.
name: Mossa, Stefano
name: Samios, Jannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The local intermolecular structure and related dynamics in the liquid cis-trans N-methylformamide mixture at ambient temperature and density conditions have been systematically studied by employing Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulation techniques. Particular attention has been paid to the local structure around the cis- and trans- conformers and the formation and dynamics of hydrogen bonds with their closest neighbors. The calculated atom-atom radial distribution functions are in very good agreement with available experimental data and reveal the existence of different types of hydrogen bonding intermolecular interactions. The average number of hydrogen bonds formed by the cis-conformers is higher in comparison with the one corresponding to the trans-conformers. Moreover, the lifetimes of the hydrogen bonds formed in the liquid are longer when the cis-conformers participate in the bond formation, either as donors or acceptors. These findings clearly indicate that the local structural network around the cis-conformers in the liquid is more cohesive. The latter finding is also reflected in the slower reorientational dynamics of the cis-conformers and the low- and high-frequency region of the spectral densities of the atomic velocity time correlation functions. Finally, the calculated average dipole moments of the trans- and cis- conformers are significantly higher than their corresponding gas-phase values, signifying the importance of polarization effects in this particular polar liquid solvent.
The Future Classroom Lab. Educational considerations from a systematic review
Creators: name: DÚO-TERRÓN (Spain), PABLO
Publisher: name: Review of Science, Mathematics and ICT Education
Year: 2024
Subjects: Future Classroom Lab, spaces, innovation, ICT, active methodologies

description: The irruption of technological tools and digital applications pose a challenge for educational centres that must adapt their methodologies, spaces and teacher training to meet the demands of the development of student competences in the 21st century. This research focuses on the transformation of educational spaces, specifically on the Future Classroom Lab (FCL) project, which since its inception in 2012 by the European Schoolnet has not had a systematic review process of the scientific literature. The study method is based on a systematic review from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The statistical programme Vosviewer was used to make the network map of terms. The results found were 19 manuscripts from 2012 to 2023, where Spain is the country with the most research on FCL. Technology is the most prominent term, after education and Future Classroom. The conclusions from the results obtained were that there is little scientific evidence on FCL in the 12 years analysed, although these spaces generate motivation among teachers and students, but there are also criticisms for this type of spaces that serve as a reflection and are discussed.
description: Review of Science, Mathematics and ICT Education, Forthcoming papers
The Cost of Economic Literacy: How Well Does a Literacy-Targeted Principles of Economics Course Prepare Students for Intermediate Theory Courses?
Creators: name: Salemi, Michael
name: Gilleskie, Donna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: In a typical economics principles course, students encounter a large number of concepts. In a literacy-targeted course, students study a “short list” of concepts that they can use for the rest of their lives. While a literacy-targeted principles course provides better education for non-majors, it may place economic majors at a disadvantage in post-principles courses. In this paper, we test whether students who completed a literacy targeted principles course earned intermediate theory grades as high as students who completed a traditional principles course. Our findings indicate that students who complete a literacy targeted principles course perform no worse in intermediate theory courses than students who complete a traditional principles course.
(102296) Thomas Hirst
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Milky Way system in LCDM cosmological simulations
Creators: name: Guo, Qi
name: Cooper, Andrew
name: Frenk, Carlos
name: Helly, John
name: Hellwing, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a semi-analytic galaxy formation model to two high resolution cosmological N-body simulations to investigate analogues of the Milky Way system. We select these according to observed properties of the Milky Way rather than by halo mass as in most previous work. For disk-dominated central galaxies with stellar mass (5--7) x 10d10Msun, the median host halo mass is 1.4 x 10d12Msun, with 1 sigma dispersion in the range [0.86, 3.1] x 10d12Msun, consistent with dynamical measurements of the Milky Way halo mass. For any given halo mass, the probability of hosting a Milky Way system is low, with a maximum of ~20% in haloes of mass ~10d12Msun. The model reproduces the V-band luminosity function and radial profile of the bright (MV < -9) Milky Way satellites. Galaxy formation in low mass haloes is found to be highly stochastic, resulting in an extremely large scatter in the relation between MV (or stellar mass) for satellites and the depth of the subhalo potential well in which they live, as measured by the maximum of the rotation curve, Vmax. We conclude that the "too big to fail" problem is an artifact of selecting satellites in N-body simulations according to subhalo properties: in 10% of cases we find that three or fewer of the brightest (or most massive) satellites have Vmax > 30 km/s. Our model predicts that around half of the dark matter subhaloes with Vmax > 20 km/s host satellites fainter than MV = -9 and so may be missing from existing surveys.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures; submitted to MNRAS
NGC 3147: a prototypical low-luminosity active galactic nucleus with double-peaked optical and ultraviolet lines
Creators: name: Bianchi, Stefano
name: Chiaberge, Marco
name: Laor, Ari
name: Antonucci, Robert
name: Bagul, Atharva
name: Capetti, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A previous narrow-slit ($0.1$ arcsec) Hubble Space Telescope observation unveiled a broad relativistic H$α$ profile in NGC3147, a low-luminosity ($\mathrm{L_{bol}}\sim10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$), low-Eddington ratio ($\mathrm{L_{bol}/L_{Edd}}\sim10^{-4}$) active galactic nucleus (AGN), formerly believed to be a candidate true type 2 AGN intrinsically lacking the broad-line region. The new observations presented here confirm the double-peaked profile of the H$α$ line, which further shows variability both in flux and in the inner radius of the emitting disc with respect to the previous epoch. Similar disc line profiles are also found in prominent ultraviolet (UV) lines, in particular Ly$α$ and C IV. The new data also allow us to build a simultaneous subarcsec optical-to-X-ray spectral energy distribution of NGC3147, which is characterized by the absence of a thermal UV bump, and an emission peak in the X-rays. The resulting very flat $α_{ox}=-0.82$ is typical of low-luminosity AGN, and is in good agreement with the extrapolation to low luminosities of the well-known trend with luminosity observed in standard AGN. Indeed, we are possibly observing the accretion disc emission in NGC3147 in the optical, close to the expected peak. On the other hand, the steep -2 UV power law may be Comptonization of that cold disc by a warm corona, what is instead generally observed as a `soft excess' in more luminous AGN.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Fiscal Challenge: An Experiential Exercise in Policy Making
Creators: name: Soques, Daniel
name: Aguilar, Mike
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: In this article we introduce a pedagogical innovation that is designed to enhance our students' understanding of fiscal policy, in general, and the national debt and deficit, in particular. The innovation leverages the educational advantages offered through a competitive environment by pitting teams of students against one another with the goal of devising the best plan to put the U.S. on a sustainable fiscal path. The current incarnation of the competition, which is referred to as the Fiscal Challenge (FC), confronts the students with the specific task of stabilizing the U.S. Federal Debt to GDP ratio. This specific task may change from one competition season to the next, potentially adjusting with the economic climate and interests of the participants. The FC currently is being implemented as a nationwide, inter-university, extracurricular activity; however, it can easily be customized to fit within a traditional classroom setting.
Observation and Analysis of Anomalous Terrestrial Diffraction as a Mechanism of Electromagnetic Precursors of Earthquakes
Creators: name: FUJII, MASAFUMI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Here we present the detection of electromagnetic anomalous signals before large earthquakes using an observation network of very high frequency (VHF) radio wave receivers close to major tectonic lines in Japan. The files include:

1. Preprint manuscript accepted in Radio Science in Aug. 2024.2. Supporting Information for the manuscript with various additional data of anomalous radio wave signals.3. Supporting Data Set - 1 for the long-term observation data set of the radio wave received at the Toyama and Yatsuo observation stations in Japan.4. Supporting Data Set - 2 for the long-term observation data set of the radio wave received at the Iwata and Sakai observation stations in Japan.
An Exploratory Study on the Predominant Programming Paradigms in Python Code
Creators: name: Dyer, Robert
name: Chauhan, Jigyasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.2

description: Python is a multi-paradigm programming language that fully supports object-oriented (OO) programming. The language allows writing code in a non-procedural imperative manner, using procedures, using classes, or in a functional style. To date, no one has studied what paradigm(s), if any, are predominant in Python code and projects. In this work, we first define a technique to classify Python files into predominant paradigm(s). We then automate our approach and evaluate it against human judgements, showing over 80% agreement. We then analyze over 100k open-source Python projects, automatically classifying each source file and investigating the paradigm distributions. The results indicate Python developers tend to heavily favor OO features. We also observed a positive correlation between OO and procedural paradigms and the size of the project. And despite few files or projects being predominantly functional, we still found many functional feature uses.
description: Accepted to the ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2022)
(102287) Florence Enid Truran
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
When Is Bad News Really Bad News?
Creators: name: Conrad, Jennifer
name: Landsman, Wayne
name: Cornell, Bradford
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: We examine whether the asymmetrical price response to bad and good earnings shocks changes as the relative level of the market changes. The study is based on a sample of 24,108 announcements of firms’ annual earnings during the period 1988 to 1998. The level of the market is a relative measure based on the difference between the market P/E at the end of the announcement month and the average market P/E over the prior 12 months. Predictions based on behavioral finance models and extended regime-shifting models suggest that stock prices should respond more strongly to negative news as the relative market level rises. Similarly, prices should respond more strongly to good news in bad times, although the effect should be somewhat attenuated if the regime-shifting models are descriptively valid. The findings generally support these predictions.
High-efficiency quantum state transfer and quantum memory using a mechanical oscillator
Creators: name: Sete, Eyob A.
name: Eleuch, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze an optomechanical system that can be used to efficiently transfer a quantum state between an optical cavity and a distant mechanical oscillator coupled to a second optical cavity. We show that for a moderate mechanical Q-factor it is possible to achieve a transfer efficiency of $99.4\%$ by using adjustable cavity damping rates and destructive interference. We also show that the quantum mechanical oscillator can be used as a quantum memory device with an efficiency of $96\%$ employing a pulsed optomechanical coupling. Although the mechanical dissipation slightly decreases the efficiency, its effect can be significantly reduced by designing a high-Q mechanical oscillator.
description: 7 pages and 5 figures; Published version
(102289) John Jones
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Some properties of YBamCu1+mOy (m = 2,3,4,5) superconductors
Creators: name: Chainok, Piyamas
name: Khuntak, Thanarat
name: Sujinnapram, Supphadate
name: Tiyasri, Somporn
name: Wongphakdee, Wirat
name: Kruaehong, Thitipong
name: Nilkamjon, Tunyanop
name: Ratreng, Sermsuk
name: Udomsamuthirun, Pongkaew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We synthesized the YBamCu1+mOy superconductors; m = 2,3,4,5 that were Y123 (YBa2Cu3O7-x), Y134 (YBa3Cu4O9-x), Y145 (YBa4Cu5O11-x), Y156 (YBa5Cu6O13-x), by solid state reaction with the Y2O3, BaCO3 and CuO as the beginning materials. The calcination temperature was 950 C and varied the sintering temperature to be 950 C and 980 C. The resistivity measurement by four-point-probe technique showed that the Tconset of Y123, Y134, Y145, Y156 were at 97 K, 93 K, 91K, 85 K, respectively. The XRD and Rietveld full-profile analysis method were used and found that the crystal structure was in the orthorhombic with Pmmm space group with the ratio c/a were 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 for Y123, Y134, Y145 and Y156, respectively. The oxygen content was characterized by Iodometric titration. The (Cu3+/Cu2+and Oxygen content) were (0.28, 6.83), (0.19, 8.81), (0.13, 10.79), (0.16, 12.92) of Y123, Y134, Y145, Y156 respectively. We also found that the increasing of sintering temperature has reduced the oxygen content and the critical temperature of all samples.
description: 12 pages, International Journal of Modern Physics B (2015) (accept)
Did Structured Credit Fuel the LBO Boom?
Creators: name: SHIVDASANI, ANIL
name: WANG, YIHUI
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We demonstrate a link between the twin storms underlying the current financial crisis – the market for collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and the market for leveraged loans. We show that structural changes in credit markets that led to the explosion in CDOs created an increased supply of bank loans for funding LBOs. This structured lending supported by CDOs led to cheaper credit, looser covenants, and more aggressive use of bank loans in financing LBOs. However, in sharp contrast to the LBO boom in the late 1980s, this easy credit did not lead to riskier LBO deals or deal structures. Our findings point to the effects of disintermediation of banks as they switched from an originate-and-hold to an originate-to-distribute lending model.
Hamiltonian formulation of the extended Green-Naghdi equations
Creators: name: Matsuno, Yoshimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel method is developed for extending the Green-Naghdi (GN) shallow-water model equation to the general system which incorporates the arbitrary higher-order dispersive effects. As an illustrative example, we derive a model equation which is accurate to the fourth power of the shallowness parameter while preserving the full nonlinearity of the GN equation, and obtain its solitary wave solutions by means of a singular perturbation analysis. We show that the extended GN equations have the same Hamiltonian structure as that of the GN equation. We also demonstrate that Zakharov's Hamiltonian formulation of surface gravity waves is equivalent to that of the extended GN system by rewriting the former system in terms of the momentum density instead of the velocity potential at the free surface.
description: 21 pages
Correlation-induced coherence and its use in detecting quantum phase transitions
Creators: name: Du, Ming-Ming
name: Khan, Abdul Sattar
name: Zhou, Zhao-Yi
name: Zhang, Da-Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The past two decades have witnessed a surge of interest in exploring correlation and coherence measures to investigate quantum phase transitions (QPTs). Here, motivated by the continued push along this direction, we propose a measure which is built upon the so-called degree of coherence, and advocate using the susceptibility of our measure to detect QPTs. We show that our measure can capture both the notions of coherence and correlations exhibited in bipartite states and therefore represents a hybrid of these two notions. Through examining the XXZ model and the Kitaev honeycomb model, we demonstrate that our measure is favorable for detecting QPTs in comparison to many previous proposals.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
(102290) Margery Jones
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Dynamical Evolution of Anisotropic Response in Black Phosphorus under Ultrafast Photoexcitation
Creators: name: Ge, Shaofeng
name: Li, Chaokai
name: Zhang, Zhimin
name: Zhang, Chenlong
name: Zhang, Yudao
name: Qiu, Jun
name: Wang, Qinsheng
name: Liu, Junku
name: Jia, Shuang
name: Feng, Ji
name: Sun, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black phosphorus has recently emerged as a promising material for high performance electronic and optoelectronic device for its high mobility, tunable mid-infrared bandgap and anisotropic electronic properties. Dynamical evolution of photo excited carriers and its induced change of transient electronic properties are critical for materials' high field performance, but remains to be explored for black phosphorus. In this work, we perform angle resolved transient reflection spectroscopy to study the dynamical evolution of anisotropic properties of black phosphorus under photo excitation. We find that the anisotropy of reflectivity is enhanced in the pump induced quasi-equilibrium state, suggesting an extraordinary enhancement of the anisotropy in dynamical conductivity in hot carrier dominated regime. These results raise enormous possibilities of creating high field, angle sensitive electronic, optoelectronic and remote sensing devices exploiting the dynamical electronic anisotropic with black phosphorus.
description: 22 pages,10 figures
The Causal Impact of Media in Financial Markets
Creators: name: PARSONS, CHRISTOPHER
name: ENGELBERG, JOSEPH
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: It is challenging to disentangle the causal impact of media reporting from the impact of the events being reported. We solve this problem by comparing the behaviors of investors with access to different media coverage of the same information event. We use zip codes to identify 19 mutually exclusive trading regions, corresponding to 19 large U.S. cities and local newspapers (e.g., the Houston Chronicle). For all earnings announcements of S&P 500 Index firms, we find that local media coverage strongly predicts local trading, after controlling for characteristics of the earnings surprise, firm, local investors, and reporting newspaper(s). Moreover, the local trading-local coverage effect: 1) depends precisely on the specific timing of local reporting (e.g., one day after the earnings announcement, two days afterward, etc.) and 2) disappears entirely during extreme weather events, which leaves media content unchanged, but disrupts transmission to investors.
(102288) Daniel Robert Jones
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Asset Fire Sales and Purchases and the International Transmission of Funding Shocks
Creators: name: JOTIKASTHIRA, CHOTIBHAK
name: LUNDBLAD, CHRISTIAN
name: RAMADORAI, TARUN
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We provide new evidence on the channels through which financial shocks are transmitted across international borders. Employing monthly data from 1996 to 2008 on over 1,000 developed country-domiciled mutual and hedge funds, we show that inflows and outflows experienced by these funds translate into significant changes in their portfolio allocations in 25 emerging markets. Despite funds' efforts to ameliorate the price impact of these portfolio allocation shifts, they substantially impact emerging market equity returns, and are associated with increases in co-movement between emerging and developed markets.
Macroscopic quantum mechanics in gravitational-wave observatories and beyond
Creators: name: Schnabel, Roman
name: Korobko, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of quantum correlations affects both microscopic and macroscopic systems. On macroscopic systems they are difficult to observe and usually irrelevant for the system's evolution due to the frequent energy exchange with the environment. The world-wide network of gravitational-wave (GW) observatories exploits optical as well as mechanical systems that are highly macroscopic and largely decoupled from the environment. The quasi-monochromatic light fields in the kilometre-scale arm resonators have photon excitation numbers larger than $10^{19}$, and the mirrors that are quasi-free falling in propagation direction of the light fields have masses of around 40 kg. Recent observations on the GW observatories LIGO and Virgo clearly showed that the quantum uncertainty of one system affected the uncertainty of the other. Here, we review these observations and provide links to research goals targeted with mesoscopic optomechanical systems in other fields of fundamental physical research. These may have Gaussian quantum uncertainties as the ones in GW observatories or even non-Gaussian ones, such as Schrödinger cat states.
Generalized Remote Preparation of Arbitrary $m$-qubit Entangled States via Genuine Entanglements
Creators: name: Wang, Dong
name: Hoehn, Ross D.
name: Ye, Liu
name: Kais, Sabre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Herein, we present a feasible, general protocol for quantum communication within a network via generalized remote preparation of an arbitrary $m$-qubit entangled state designed with genuine tripartite Greenberger--Horne--Zeilinger-type entangled resources. During the implementations, we construct novel collective unitary operations; these operations are tasked with performing the necessary phase transfers during remote state preparations. We have distilled our implementation methods into a five-step procedure, which can be used to faithfully recover the desired state during transfer. Compared to previous existing schemes, our methodology features a greatly increased success probability. After the consumption of auxiliary qubits and the performance of collective unitary operations, the probability of successful state transfer is increased four-fold and eight-fold for arbitrary two- and three-qubit entanglements when compared to other methods within the literature, respectively. We conclude this paper with a discussion of the presented scheme for state preparation, including: success probabilities, reducibility and generalizability.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, Accepted to Entropy
Which structure of academic articles do referees pay more attention to?: perspective of peer review and full-text of academic articles
Creators: name: Qin, Chenglei
name: Zhang, Chengzhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore which structures of academic articles referees would pay more attention to, what specific content referees focus on, and whether the distribution of PRC is related to the citations. Design/methodology/approach Firstly, utilizing the feature words of section title and hierarchical attention network model (HAN) to identify the academic article structures. Secondly, analyzing the distribution of PRC in different structures according to the position information extracted by rules in PRC. Thirdly, analyzing the distribution of feature words of PRC extracted by the Chi-square test and TF-IDF in different structures. Finally, four correlation analysis methods are used to analyze whether the distribution of PRC in different structures is correlated to the citations. Findings The count of PRC distributed in Materials and Methods and Results section is significantly more than that in the structure of Introduction and Discussion, indicating that referees pay more attention to the Material and Methods and Results. The distribution of feature words of PRC in different structures is obviously different, which can reflect the content of referees' concern. There is no correlation between the distribution of PRC in different structures and the citations. Research limitations/implications Due to the differences in the way referees write peer review reports, the rules used to extract position information cannot cover all PRC. Originality/value The paper finds a pattern in the distribution of PRC in different academic article structures proving the long-term empirical understanding. It also provides insight into academic article writing: researchers should ensure the scientificity of methods and the reliability of results when writing academic article to obtain a high degree of recognition from referees.
(102284) Annie Victoria Truran
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Heat diffusion with frozen boundary
Creators: name: Florescu, Laura
name: Ganguly, Shirshendu
name: Peres, Yuval
name: Spencer, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consider "Frozen Random Walk" on $\mathbb{Z}$: $n$ particles start at the origin. At any discrete time, the leftmost and rightmost $\lfloor{\frac{n}{4}}\rfloor$ particles are "frozen" and do not move. The rest of the particles in the "bulk" independently jump to the left and right uniformly. The goal of this note is to understand the limit of this process under scaling of mass and time. To this end we study the following deterministic mass splitting process: start with mass $1$ at the origin. At each step the extreme quarter mass on each side is "frozen". The remaining "free" mass in the center evolves according to the discrete heat equation. We establish diffusive behavior of this mass evolution and identify the scaling limit under the assumption of its existence. It is natural to expect the limit to be a truncated Gaussian. A naive guess for the truncation point might be the $1/4$ quantile points on either side of the origin. We show that this is not the case and it is in fact determined by the evolution of the second moment of the mass distribution.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Ex Ante Skewness and Expected Stock Returns
Creators: name: DITTMAR, ROBERT
name: CONRAD, JENNIFER
name: GHYSELS, ERIC
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: We use a sample of option prices, and the method of Bakshi, Kapadia and Madan (2003), to estimate the ex ante higher moments of the underlying individual securities’ risk-neutral returns distribution. We find that individual securities’ volatility, skewness and kurtosis are strongly related to subsequent returns. Specifically, we find a negative relation between volatility and returns in the cross-section. We also find a significant relation between skewness and returns, with more negatively (positively) skewed returns associated with subsequent higher (lower) returns, while kurtosis is positively related to subsequent returns. To analyze the extent to which these returns relations represent compensation for risk, we use data on index options and the underlying index to estimate the stochastic discount factor over the 1996-2005 sample period, and allow the stochastic discount factor to include higher moments. We find evidence that, even after controlling for differences in co-moments, individual securities’ skewness matters. However, when we combine information in the risk-neutral distribution and the stochastic discount factor to estimate the implied physical distribution of industry returns, we find little evidence that the distribution of technology stocks was positively skewed during the bubble period–in fact, these stocks have the lowest skew, and the highest estimated Sharpe ratio, of all stocks in our sample.
(102285) Alice Mary Truran
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Dynamics of Fourier Modes in Torus Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: González-Prieto, Ángel
name: Mozo, Alberto
name: Talavera, Edgar
name: Gómez-Canaval, Sandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.7; I.2.6
subject: Primary: 37N99, Secondary: 68T07

description: Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are powerful Machine Learning models capable of generating fully synthetic samples of a desired phenomenon with a high resolution. Despite their success, the training process of a GAN is highly unstable and typically it is necessary to implement several accessory heuristics to the networks to reach an acceptable convergence of the model. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to analyze the convergence and stability in the training of Generative Adversarial Networks. For this purpose, we propose to decompose the objective function of the adversary min-max game defining a periodic GAN into its Fourier series. By studying the dynamics of the truncated Fourier series for the continuous Alternating Gradient Descend algorithm, we are able to approximate the real flow and to identify the main features of the convergence of the GAN. This approach is confirmed empirically by studying the training flow in a $2$-parametric GAN aiming to generate an unknown exponential distribution. As byproduct, we show that convergent orbits in GANs are small perturbations of periodic orbits so the Nash equillibria are spiral attractors. This theoretically justifies the slow and unstable training observed in GANs.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Minor typos corrected from the published version
Magnetized relativistic stellar models in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity
Creators: name: Sotani, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the structure of the magnetic fields inside the neutron stars in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld (EiBI) gravity. In order to construct the magnetic fields, we derive the relativistic Grad-Shafranov equation in EiBI, and numerically determine the magnetic distribution in such a way that the interior magnetic fields should be connected to the exterior distribution. Then, we find that the magnetic distribution inside the neutron stars in EiBI is qualitatively similar to that in general relativity, where the deviation of magnetic distribution in EiBI from that in general relativity is almost comparable to uncertainty due to the equation of state (EOS) for the neutron star matter. However, we also find that the magnetic fields in the crust region are almost independent of the coupling constant in EiBI, which suggests a possibility to obtain the information about the crust EOS independently of the gravitational theory via the observations of the phenomena associated with the crust region. In any case, since the imprint of EiBI gravity on the magnetic fields is weak, the magnetic fields could be a poor probe of gravitational theories, considering many magnetic uncertainties.
description: accepted for publication in PRD
Characterizing Invisible Electroweak Particles through Single-Photon Processes at High Energy $e^+e^-$ Colliders
Creators: name: Choi, Seong Youl
name: Han, Tao
name: Kalinowski, Jan
name: Rolbiecki, Krzysztof
name: Wang, Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the scenarios where the only accessible new states at the electroweak scale consist of a pair of color-singlet electroweak particles, whose masses are degenerate at the tree level and split only by electroweak symmetry breaking at the loop level. For the sake of illustration, we consider a supersymmetric model and study the following three representative cases with the lower-lying states as (a) two spin-1/2 Higgsino SU(2)$_L$ doublets, (b) a spin-1/2 wino SU(2)$_L$ triplet and (c) a spin-0 left-handed slepton SU(2)$_L$ doublet. Due to the mass-degeneracy, those lower-lying electroweak states are difficult to observe at the LHC and rather challenging to detect at the $e^+ e^-$ collider as well. We exploit the pair production in association with a hard photon radiation in high energy $e^+ e^-$ collisions. If kinematically accessible, such single-photon processes at $e^+e^-$ colliders with polarized beams enable us to characterize each scenario by measuring the energy and scattering angle of the associated hard photon, and to determine the spin of the nearly invisible particles unambiguously through the threshold behavior in the photon energy distribution.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Temporal Prediction of Coastal Water Quality Based on Environmental Factors with Machine Learning
Creators: name: Lin, Junan
name: Liu, Qianqian
name: Liu, Jiting
name: Hall, Nathan S.
name: Song, Yang
name: Yin, Yixue
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description:
The accurate forecast of algal blooms can provide helpful information for water resource management. However, the complex relationship between environmental variables and blooms makes the forecast challenging. In this study, we build a pipeline incorporating four commonly used machine learning models, Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest Regression (RFR), Wavelet Analysis (WA)-Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and WA-Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), to predict chlorophyll-a in coastal waters. Two areas with distinct environmental features, the Neuse River Estuary, NC, USA—where machine learning models are applied for short-term algal bloom forecast at single stations for the first time—and the Scripps Pier, CA, USA, are selected. Applying the pipeline, we can easily switch from the NRE forecast to the Scripps Pier forecast with minimum model tuning. The pipeline successfully predicts the occurrence of algal blooms in both regions, with more robustness using WA-LSTM and WA-BPNN than SVR and RFR. The pipeline allows us to find the best results by trying different numbers of neuron hidden layers. The pipeline is easily adaptable to other coastal areas. Experience with the two study regions demonstrated that enrichment of the dataset by including dominant physical processes is necessary to improve chlorophyll prediction when applying it to other aquatic systems.
(102286) William Truran
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Solar Dynamics, Rotation, Convection and Overshoot
Creators: name: Hanasoge, S.
name: Miesch, M. S.
name: Roth, M.
name: Schou, J.
name: Schuessler, M.
name: Thompson, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss recent observational, theoretical and modeling progress made in understanding the Sun's internal dynamics, including its rotation, meridional flow, convection and overshoot. Over the past few decades, substantial theoretical and observational effort has gone into appreciating these aspects of solar dynamics. A review of these observations, related helioseismic methodology and inference and computational results in relation to these problems is undertaken here.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures, Space Science Reviews
A Brief History of Recommender Systems
Creators: name: Dong, Zhenhua
name: Wang, Zhe
name: Xu, Jun
name: Tang, Ruiming
name: Wen, Jirong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.3

description: Soon after the invention of the Internet, the recommender system emerged and related technologies have been extensively studied and applied by both academia and industry. Currently, recommender system has become one of the most successful web applications, serving billions of people in each day through recommending different kinds of contents, including news feeds, videos, e-commerce products, music, movies, books, games, friends, jobs etc. These successful stories have proved that recommender system can transfer big data to high values. This article briefly reviews the history of web recommender systems, mainly from two aspects: (1) recommendation models, (2) architectures of typical recommender systems. We hope the brief review can help us to know the dots about the progress of web recommender systems, and the dots will somehow connect in the future, which inspires us to build more advanced recommendation services for changing the world better.
(102279) Isabella Susannah Arnold
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(102283) William Harries
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Taking the Long Way Home: U.S. Tax Evasion and Offshore Investments in U.S. Equity and Debt Markets
Creators: name: THORNOCK, JACOB
name: MAYDEW, EDWARD
name: HANLON, MICHELLE
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: We empirically investigate one form of illegal investor-level tax evasion and its effect on foreign portfolio investment. In particular, we examine a form of round-tripping tax evasion in which U.S. individuals hide funds in entities located in offshore tax havens and then invest those funds in U.S. securities markets. Employing Becker’s (1968) economic theory of crime, we identify the tax evasion component in foreign portfolio investment data by examining how foreign portfolio investment varies with changes in the incentives to evade and the risks of detection. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical evidence of investor-level tax evasion affecting cross-border investment in equity and debt markets.