cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Negative permittivity in bubble and stripe phases
Creators: name: Friess, B.
name: Peng, Y.
name: Rosenow, B.
name: Oppen, Felix Von
name: Umansky, V.
name: Von Klitzing, K.
name: Smet, J. H.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: electronic properties
subject: electronic materials
subject: phase transitions
subject: critical phenomena
subject: Quantum Hall
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: The physics of itinerant electrons in condensed matter is by and large governed by repulsive Coulomb forces. However, attractive interactions may emerge and prevail in determining the ground state despite the pervasive Coulomb repulsion. A notable example is electron pairing and superconductivity. The interplay of attractive and repulsive interactions may also instigate spontaneous symmetry lowering and clustering of charges in geometric patterns even without net attraction. Both types of attractive interaction triggered physics—pairing and charge ordering—are at play in two-dimensional electron systems exposed to a quantizing magnetic field. The charge ordering has been concluded indirectly from transport behaviour. Here we report the observation of negative permittivity present solely when bubble and stripe phases form. In conjunction with a theoretical model, the negative permittivity provides evidence for the underlying attractive exchange-correlation energy which sufficiently countervails Coulomb repulsion at small distances to enable and mediate charge clustering.
Disentangling the solar activity-solar wind predictive causality at Space Climate scales
Creators: name: Reda, Raffaele
name: Stumpo, Mirko
name: Giovannelli, Luca
name: Alberti, Tommaso
name: Consolini, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The variability in the magnetic activity of the Sun is the main source of the observed changes in the plasma and electromagnetic environments within the heliosphere. The primary way in which solar activity affects the Earth's environment is via the solar wind and its transients. However, the relationship between solar activity and solar wind is not the same at the Space Weather and Space Climate time scales. In this work, we investigate this relationship exploiting five solar cycles data of Ca II K index and solar wind parameters, by taking advantage of the Hilbert-Huang Transform, which allows to separate the contribution at the different time scales. By filtering out the high frequency components and looking at decennial time scales, we confirm the presence of a delayed response of solar wind to Ca II K index variations, with a time lag of ~ 3.1-year for the speed and ~ 3.4-year for the dynamic pressure. To assess the results in a stronger framework, we make use of a Transfer Entropy approach to investigate the information flow between the quantities and to test the causality of the relation. The time lag results from the latter are consistent with the cross-correlation ones, pointing out the presence of a statistical significant information flow from Ca II K index to solar wind dynamic pressure that peaks at time lag of 3.6-year. Such a result could be of relevance to build up a predictive model in a Space Climate context.
title: The Kwangsi Clique in Kuomintang politics, 1921-1936.
Creators: name: Lary, Diana
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1968

description: This thesis examines the question of regional independence in China under the Kuomintang rule and takes as a case study the Kwangsi Clique, which ruled the province of Kwangsi from 1925 to 1949, and whose leaders periodically played important roles in Kuomintang politics. The Introduction describes the development of regionalism and militarism in the late 19th century and their further growth in the early years of the Republic. Chapter I gives a historical account of the province of Kwangsi gind sets out the career of Lu Yung-t'ing, who ruled the province from 1911 to 1921. Chapter II deals with the background, education and early careers of the men who were to lead the Kwangsi Clique. Chapter III describes the rise of these men within Kwangsi during the long period of civil war which racked the province after 1921 and ended with the alliance of Kwangsi with the Kwangtung of the Kuomintang in 1926. Chapter IV is an account of the activities of the Kwangsi leaders in 1926 and 1927 and of the evolution of the Kwangsi Clique as a force in Kuomintang politics. Chapter V describes events within Kwangsi between 1926 and 1929, when a strong regional base was consolidated for the Clique. Chapter VI examines the role of the Clique in national politics in 1928 and 1929, when its great regional power holding threatened the authority of the Kuomintang government at Nanking, and relates the Clique's defeat by the National Government in 1929. Chapter VII gives an account of the Clique's reduced independence, within one province, between 1930 and 1936 and of its Reconstruction Movement, which attempted to develop an alternative form of government to that practised from Nanking. The Conclusion attempts to assess the effect of independent regional power holding on the fortunes of the Kuomintang; it also gives a brief description of the careers of the leaders of the Kwangsi Cliuqe after 1936, when its autonomy was finally shattered.
A PSICOLOGIA DA VERDADE Entre a Conformidade e a Crítica: O Verdadeiro Papel do Psicólogo na Sociedade Atual
Creators: name: Pacheco HArley
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The text presents a critique of the current economic and social system, where monetary manipulation through increasing the money supply perpetuates a vicious cycle of dissatisfaction and economic enslavement. It argues that professionals, especially psychologists, play an essential role in maintaining this system by helping people adapt and survive in a world that is inherently unjust and unsustainable. The text suggests that the true cause of people's suffering is not their personal inadequacy but rather the manipulated economic system and the social pressure resulting from this manipulation. The present argument is based on the idea that increasing the money supply—i.e., printing money without backing—devalues the currency and creates a cycle of dissatisfaction and a constant need to seek more money. This need is perpetuated by social pressure and the very nature of the economic system. The critique extends to the psychology profession, suggesting that instead of challenging the system, psychologists help reinforce compliance and acceptance of this oppressive context.
title: Sentences in Swahili: A study of their internal relationships.
Creators: name: Maw, Joan
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1968

description: This thesis is a description of the structure of the units Sentence, Clause and Group in Swahili, and of their interrelationships. It is derivative in that the theory and method used are those of Professor M.A.K. Halliday. It is original in that the application is to a language of which previous descriptions deal mainly with word-morphology and only incidentally with a few relationships between words or higher units. So far as I know this is the first attempt to deal systematically with the language from the point of view of units larger than Word, and the first to do so at all syntactically rather than morphologically. One of the results of attempting an overall description has been that many areas have been exposed where there is uncertainty as to possibilities. Such areas require further investigation, but at least their outlines have been mapped by this work. Some of these new areas have been explored; namely the element R (Referent) in clause structure, one which seems necessary for the description of Swahili and the existence of which has previously been unsuspected; the problem of sequence of clauses, of groups and of words, which has previously scarcely been touched on; and work on intonation patterns and their interrelation with the sequence of grammatical units, which is quite new so far as I am aware. A number of small points have also arisen which contradict the generally accepted views of existing grammars, e.g. the tonic need not be on the penultimate syllable; the tenses -nge- and -ngali- can exist in related clauses; the -ki- tense need not be followed by the -ta-; the -nge- tense can be used alone. Finally, the reason for the emergence of some other small new points, such as the frequency of 'adverbial' forms in qualifying groups, may be because, so far as I am aware, this is the first work to be based entirely on spontaneous spoken material.
title: The historiography of the political culture of the Afghan period (1451-1557) in Northern India: A critical analysis of its logical and empirical status.
Creators: name: Milo, Alexander
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1979

description: The aim of this thesis is to formalize and to analyze critically the historiography of the "Afghan period" in northern India. We have attempted to examine whether interpretative frameworks offered by historians since the 16th century can be corroborated by the historical remains extant. We have differentiated between two sets of historiographical assumptions put forward by two distinct groups of historians - the "medieval" and the "modern". Medieval historians - who composed their works in the 16th and 17th centuries - interpreted the Afghan period by reference to a network of mutual obligations among different sections of the society, which interrelationships were regulared in harmony with traditional Muslim precepts of government. An additional element determined the course of events, namely God's direct intervention within the field of history. We have found the explanatory principles of medieval historians to be logically self-contradictory, and empirically irrelevant for the understanding of the political culture of our period. Modern historians - who have been publishing their works in and since the 19th century - believe that the political dynamics of the Afghan period could be perceived within a framework of an intermittent struggle between exponents of two political programmes; tribally-oriented individuals,who struggled against supporters of a plan to erect a secular state governed by an impartial centralized bureaucracy headed by an autocrat. It seems to us that modern historians' interpretative scheme cannot be corroborated by the extant historical evidence; it also fails to explain the political instability of the Afghan period. Our historians appear to have been more interested in their own ideas about the period, than in the understanding of its political features. Owing to the peculiar nature of the historical evidence surviving from the Afghan period, the latter's political system and its political dynamics remain obscure.
title: The woman as portrayed in modern Hebrew literature in Mapu and Mendele.
Creators: name: Dausari, Abdullah M.A.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1980

description: This thesis is intended to examine the state of women within the Jewish Pale of Settlement during the nineteenth century. The mode of analysis is strictly a literary one, though considerable space is given both to the relevant religious sind historical backgrounds. Chapter One examines the place of women in the traditional Jewish literary sources, both Biblical and Rabbinic, Attention is drawn to the increasingly confined social atmosphere in which Jewish women lived their lives, which explains their apparent subjugation within the kehillot of Eastern Europe. Chapter Two deals with the historical framework germane to the issues that have to be dealt with. It is the main contention of this chapter that the forces of the Enlightenment provided a firm challenge to the hegemony of the male within the community; women sought a certain amount of liberation from traditional constraints and education provided the main impetus for greater individualism. Chapters Three and Four take a look at the way in which two leading 19th century Hebrew novelists treated women in their works: Abraham Mapu and Mendele Mokher Sefarim. The whole spectrum of the social tensions that women faced are to be found via the vivid characterisation of both authors. The conclusion points to the contrasting approach of both these authors and the extent to which their portrayal of women is both a valid and valuable contribution to our knowledge of women in 19th century Eastern Europe.
Supplementary document for Deep-learning-assisted optical endoscopy for accurately measuring 3D profiles and surface roughness on groove sidewalls of precision components - 7125553.pdf
Creators: name: Zhao, Xiangyu
name: Zhang, Jinsong
name: zhu, renlong
name: Die, Yijun
name: Dong, Zhengqiong
name: Nie, Lei
name: Liu, Shiyuan
name: Zhu, Jinlong
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental document
A Systems Perspective of How Community-Engaged Public Health Addresses Social Determinants of Health: A Case Study of a Population-Based COVID-19 Testing Program.
Creators: name: Frerichs, Leah
name: Dave, Gaurav
name: Hassmiller Lich, Kristen
name: Lucas, Valerie
name: Akiwumi, Ann-Marie
name: Kaz, Lia
name: Farrar, Brandy
name: Layer, Marcus
name: Florick, Laura
name: Kim, Doyoung
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2025

description:
CONTEXT: Despite the recognition that social determinants of health (SDOH) are key to improving the health of all communities, the causality and specific mechanisms through which SDOH impacts health behaviors and outcomes are often ambiguous. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to use systems thinking to document pathways through which SDOH affected health-seeking behaviors and identify how community engagement strategies intervened to address SDOH barriers. DESIGN: We leveraged the case context of a large federal initiative (Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations [RADx-UP]) designed to improve COVID-19 testing for underserved populations through community-engaged and participatory approaches. First, we used structured sessions with RADx-UP partners to create causal maps that documented relationships between factors relevant to SDOH, a health-seeking behavior (COVID-19 testing), and community engagement strategies. Second, we searched, reviewed, and tied evidence from RADx-UP peer-reviewed literature to contextualize the causal maps. RESULTS: We identified 17 unique pathways that linked SDOH to COVID-19 testing. The map also highlighted 3 mechanisms through which the community engagement addressed SDOH: (1) improving access to testing, (2) addressing health and digital literacy, and (3) conducting social needs screening and assistance. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlighted the complexity of public health issues such as COVID-19 and how community engagement is critical to addressing SDOH and health equity. Importantly, dedicating resources to community engagement created positive reinforcing dynamics to improve the health of communities; however, as COVID-19 became better managed, funding also diminished and decreased the capacity for community-engaged efforts. Research in public health needs to focus on understanding and reshaping systems that better support community-engaged efforts.
title: Kuang Pau in transition: A study of a community and its entertainment.
Creators: name: Lancaster, Diana M.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1979

description: The fieldwork material for this thesis was carried out between November 1970 and May 1972 in Kuang Pau, a suburb of a small town in northern Thailand. The community was in transition between a settled pattern of agricultural self-sufficiency and a more progressive industrialising phase encouraiged by government policy initiated in Bangkok. Traditional forms of entertainment were also adjusting to the new pressures find to the challenge of radio, television, recording eind mass literacy. The main traditional forms of entertainment were embedded in occasions such as times of festival when the community attended fairs and sermons, listened to stories and songs and watched performances of drama (like) and instruction songs (sq). The aim of the thesis is to describe the transformations that have taken place in forms of entertainment as a result of the different social milieu in which they are performed and to show that entertainments themselves can play a critical role in the process of adaptation to social change.
title: Sijobang: Sung narrative poetry of West Sumatra.
Creators: name: Phillips, Nigel
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1979

description: In the sphere of Malay and Indonesian literature, it is only recently that students of oral narratives have paid attention to their character as oral performances, and this thesis is the first study of a West Sumatran metrical narrative to take that aspect of it into account. Versions of the story of Anggun Nan Tungga exist in manuscript and printed form, and are performed as dramas and sung narratives in two parts of West Sumatra: the coastal region of Tiku and Pariaman and the inland area around Payakumbuh. Sijobang is the sung narrative form heard in the Payakumbuh area. It is performed on festive occasions by paid story-tellers called tukang sijobang, who learn the story mainly from oral sources. The story is usually sung in part, not in full. However, a recital of the complete story by one tukang sijobang was recorded, and a full summary, about 40,000 words in length, is given in chapter II. The plot differs somewhat from one story-teller to another, the greatest differences being in the least-performed parts. Chapter III contains transcriptions, about 1200 lines in length, of two sung performances of sijobang, with translations and notes. This is preceded by a discussion of the various tunes and their uses; metre; phonetic differences between the Payakumbuh dialect and standard Minangkabau; literary features such as formulae, themes, parallelism and repetition; and the forms and uses of pantun in sijobang. Chapter IV examines the ways in which a tukang sijobang's performance of a scene varies from one occasion to another. An outline comparison of three pairs of scenes shows that a scene remains largely stable in structure (i.e. number and order of speeches and sections) and in content from one performance to another. A more detailed analysis of two pairs of transscriptions (about 360 lines) shows that speeches, like scenes, are basically stable in structure and content, but that details of expression are fluid. The evidence also suggests that, compared with a novice, an experienced tukang sijobang relies less on the repetition of stock phrases and more on substitution within formulaic patterns. Being in some respects exploratory rather than exhaustive, the thesis points the way to a number of potentially fruitful fields for further research.
OrgaMapper: a robust and easy-to-use workflow for analyzing organelle positioning
Creators: name: Schmied, Christopher
name: Ebner, Michael
name: Samsó, Paula
name: Veen, Rozemarijn Van Der
name: Haucke, Volker
name: Lehmann, Martin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: ImageJ
subject: Fiji
subject: Segmentation
subject: Image analysis
subject: Data analysis
subject: R
subject: Shiny
subject: Organelle position
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Background Eukaryotic cells are highly compartmentalized by a variety of organelles that carry out specific cellular processes. The position of these organelles within the cell is elaborately regulated and vital for their function. For instance, the position of lysosomes relative to the nucleus controls their degradative capacity and is altered in pathophysiological conditions. The molecular components orchestrating the precise localization of organelles remain incompletely understood. A confounding factor in these studies is the fact that organelle positioning is surprisingly non-trivial to address e.g., perturbations that affect the localization of organelles often lead to secondary phenotypes such as changes in cell or organelle size. These phenotypes could potentially mask effects or lead to the identification of false positive hits. To uncover and test potential molecular components at scale, accurate and easy-to-use analysis tools are required that allow robust measurements of organelle positioning. Results Here, we present an analysis workflow for the faithful, robust, and quantitative analysis of organelle positioning phenotypes. Our workflow consists of an easy-to-use Fiji plugin and an R Shiny App. These tools enable users without background in image or data analysis to (1) segment single cells and nuclei and to detect organelles, (2) to measure cell size and the distance between detected organelles and the nucleus, (3) to measure intensities in the organelle channel plus one additional channel, (4) to measure radial intensity profiles of organellar markers, and (5) to plot the results in informative graphs. Using simulated data and immunofluorescent images of cells in which the function of known factors for lysosome positioning has been perturbed, we show that the workflow is robust against common problems for the accurate assessment of organelle positioning such as changes of cell shape and size, organelle size and background. Conclusions OrgaMapper is a versatile, robust, and easy-to-use automated image analysis workflow that can be utilized in microscopy-based hypothesis testing and screens. It effectively allows for the mapping of the intracellular space and enables the discovery of novel regulators of organelle positioning.
title: The history of the Isma'iliyya Tariqa in the Sudan, 1792-1914.
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Mahmoud A.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1980

description: This study hopes to shed some light on the history of a holy family and a Sufi tariqa which developed in Kordofan. It traces the origin of the family of Sh. Isma'il al-Wali, follows its progress through the Turco-Egyptian, the Mahdia and the Condominium periods, and sees its impact on the society of Kordofan in particular, and on Sudanese society in general. The progress of the tariqa and its structure show that, although it borrowed from the Khatmiyya and the Qadiriyya, it developed into a distinct order. The main emphasis here is on the historical and structural development of the order. The sources may be divided into two main categories: oral and written. Although a number of people have been interviewed, we have depended primarily on the written sources. Most of these are manuscripts in the Sudan Government Archives, Khartoum. In addition to these we have made use of other archival materials dealing with other tariqas and other relevant topics in the Sudan Government Archives, Khartoum and in the Sudan Archives of the University of Durham Library. The work has been divided into five chapters. The first deals with the environment in which Sh. Isma'il, his family and his tariqa grew, and explains their geographical, historical and religious background. The second chapter deals with the founder of the family and the tariqa, Sh. Isma'il, his genealogy, his educational background, his ideas and his writings. The third chapter follows the progress of the Isma'il iliyya during the Mahdia, and deals with their relationship with that movement. It traces some elements of schism which led to the emergence of a branch of the family under the new name of al-Azhari. The fourth chapter deals with the Isma'il iliyya after the establishment of the Condominixm rule. During this period the Isma'il iliyya, both tariqa and family, were exposed to new political and economic changes and were brought in touch with new social forces and experiences. The chapter deals with the impact of these new conditions on the Isma'iliyya. The fifth chapter is devoted mainly to the distinctive organization and rituals of the tariqa.
Unravelling the structural complexity of glycolipids with cryogenic infrared spectroscopy
Creators: name: Kirschbaum, Carla
name: Greis, Kim
name: Mucha, Eike
name: Kain, Lisa
name: Deng, Shenglou
name: Zappe, Andreas
name: Gewinner, Sandy
name: Schöllkopf, Wieland
name: Helden, Gert Von
name: Pagel, Kevin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Glycobiology
subject: Glycolipids
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Infrared spectroscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Glycolipids are complex glycoconjugates composed of a glycan headgroup and a lipid moiety. Their modular biosynthesis creates a vast amount of diverse and often isomeric structures, which fulfill highly specific biological functions. To date, no gold-standard analytical technique can provide a comprehensive structural elucidation of complex glycolipids, and insufficient tools for isomer distinction can lead to wrong assignments. Herein we use cryogenic gas-phase infrared spectroscopy to systematically investigate different kinds of isomerism in immunologically relevant glycolipids. We show that all structural features, including isomeric glycan headgroups, anomeric configurations and different lipid moieties, can be unambiguously resolved by diagnostic spectroscopic fingerprints in a narrow spectral range. The results allow for the characterization of isomeric glycolipid mixtures and biological applications.
Towards an integrative understanding of soil biodiversity
Creators: name: Thakur, Madhav P.
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
name: Phillips, Helen R. P.
name: Brose, Ulrich
name: Vries, Franciska T. De
name: Lavelle, Patrick
name: Loreau, Michel
name: Mathieu, Jerome
name: Mulder, Christian
name: Putten, Wim H. Van Der
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: biodiversity theory
subject: alpha diversity
subject: beta diversity
subject: spatial scale
subject: species–energy relationship
subject: theory of island biogeography
subject: metacommunity theory
subject: niche theory
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::577 Ökologie

description: Soil is one of the most biodiverse terrestrial habitats. Yet, we lack an integrative conceptual framework for understanding the patterns and mechanisms driving soil biodiversity. One of the underlying reasons for our poor understanding of soil biodiversity patterns relates to whether key biodiversity theories (historically developed for aboveground and aquatic organisms) are applicable to patterns of soil biodiversity. Here, we present a systematic literature review to investigate whether and how key biodiversity theories (species–energy relationship, theory of island biogeography, metacommunity theory, niche theory and neutral theory) can explain observed patterns of soil biodiversity. We then discuss two spatial compartments nested within soil at which biodiversity theories can be applied to acknowledge the scale‐dependent nature of soil biodiversity.
title: Aspects of the verbal construction in Kurdish.
Creators: name: Amin, Waria O.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1980

description: The aim of this thesis is to give a systematic description of some aspects of Kurdish verbal construction. It is also an attempt to define the nature of the different sets of personal suffixes, characterizing their functions according to their deep structures. The introduction states the purpose for writing the thesis, and outlines some relevant principles of the theoretical framework used. Chapter 1 describes the phonemic transcription used in this work. Chapter 2 specifies some of the typological characteristics of Kurdish, and deals mainly with the order of the main elements of the sentence. Chapter 3 outlines the system of the phrase structure rules by which simple Kurdish sentences are generated. Chapter 4 describes the morphology of the Kurdish verb. Chapter 5 deals with the concept of cliticization. It specifies the rules by which a non-subject element can be replaced by a personal suffix. Some problems concerning the syntactic functions of the personal suffixes are discussed. It concludes that the different sets of personal suffixes have the same syntactic and semantic functions, but that the function of each suffix in any particular sentence is governed by the tense of the verb and the structure of the sentence. Chapter 6 deals with the copula. It discusses also some of the semantic areas that the copula covers in Kurdish. The main conclusion is that the copula in Kurdish has an overt form only in the 3rd person singular of the present tense and in the past tense. Chapter 7 deals with the Modals. Chapter 8 deals with the passive. It concludes that Kurdish has only a truncated (agentless) passive. Chapter 9 deals with the two different types of causative construction, synthetic and analytic. It discusses the question whether these two types have different deep structiores. This thesis ends with a bibliography.
IFNs Modify the Proteome of Legionella-Containing Vacuoles and Restrict Infection Via IRG1-Derived Itaconic Acid
Creators: name: Naujoks, Jan
name: Tabeling, Christoph
name: Dill, Brian D.
name: Hoffmann, Christine
name: Brown, Andrew S.
name: Kunze, Mareike
name: Kempa, Stefan
name: Peter, Andrea
name: Mollenkopf, Hans-Joachim
name: Dorhoi, Anca
name: Kershaw, Olivia
name: Gruber, Achim D.
name: Sander, Leif E.
name: Witzenrath, Martin
name: Herold, Susanne
name: Nerlich, Andreas
name: Hocke, Andreas C.
name: Driel, Ian Van
name: Suttorp, Norbert
name: Bedoui, Sammy
name: Hilbi, Hubert
name: Trost, Matthias
name: Opitz, Bastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft

description: Macrophages can be niches for bacterial pathogens or antibacterial effector cells depending on the pathogen and signals from the immune system. Here we show that type I and II IFNs are master regulators of gene expression during Legionella pneumophila infection, and activators of an alveolar macrophage- intrinsic immune response that restricts bacterial growth during pneumonia. Quantitative mass spectrometry revealed that both IFNs substantially modify Legionella-containing vacuoles, and comparative analyses reveal distinct subsets of transcriptionally and spatially IFN-regulated proteins. Immune- responsive gene (IRG)1 is induced by IFNs in mitochondria that closely associate with Legionella-containing vacuoles, and mediates production of itaconic acid. This metabolite is bactericidal against intravacuolar L. pneumophila as well as extracellular multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Our study explores the overall role IFNs play in inducing substantial remodeling of bacterial vacuoles and in stimulating production of IRG1-derived itaconic acid which targets intravacuolar pathogens. IRG1 or its product itaconic acid might be therapeutically targetable to fight intracellular and drug-resistant bacteria.
Inertial Torsion Noise in Matter-Wave Interferometers for Gravity Experiments
Creators: name: Wu, Meng-Zhi
name: Toroš, Marko
name: Bose, Sougato
name: Mazumdar, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Matter-wave interferometry is susceptible to non-inertial noise sources, which can induce dephasing and a resulting loss of interferometric visibility. Here, we focus on inertial torsion noise (ITN), which arises from the rotational motion of the experimental apparatus suspended by a thin wire and subject to random external torques. We provide analytical expressions for the ITN noise starting from generalized Langevin equations describing the experimental box which can then be used together with the transfer function to obtain the dephasing factor. We verify the theoretical modelling and the validity of the approximations using Monte Carlo simulations, obtaining good agreement between theory and numerics. As an application, we estimate the size of the effects for the next generation of interferometry experiments with femtogram particles, which could be used as the building block for entanglement-based tests of the quantum nature of gravity. We find that the ambient gas is a weak source of ITN, posing mild restrictions on the ambient pressure and temperature. We discuss the general ITN constraints by assuming a Langevin equation parameterized by three phenomenological parameters.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Non-covalent double bond sensors for gas-phase infrared spectroscopy of unsaturated fatty acids
Creators: name: Kirschbaum, Carla
name: Greis, Kim
name: Lettow, Maike
name: Gewinner, Sandy
name: Schöllkopf, Wieland
name: Meijer, Gerard
name: Helden, Gert Von
name: Pagel, Kevin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: IR spectroscopy
subject: Ion mobility
subject: Mass spectrometry
subject: Fatty acids
subject: Double bond isomers
subject: Non-covalent interactions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The position and configuration of carbon-carbon double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids is crucial for their biological functions and influences health and disease. However, double bond isomers are not routinely distinguished by classical mass spectrometry workflows. Instead, they require sophisticated analytical approaches usually based on chemical derivatization and/or instrument modification. In this work, a novel strategy to investigate fatty acid double bond isomers (18:1) without prior chemical treatment or modification of the ion source was implemented by non-covalent adduct formation in the gas phase. Fatty acid adducts with sodium, pyridinium, trimethylammonium, dimethylammonium, and ammonium cations were characterized by a combination of cryogenic gas-phase infrared spectroscopy, ion mobility-mass spectrometry, and computational modeling. The results reveal subtle differences between double bond isomers and confirm three-dimensional geometries constrained by non-covalent ion-molecule interactions. Overall, this study on fatty acid adducts in the gas phase explores new avenues for the distinction of lipid double bond isomers and paves the way for further investigations of coordinating cations to increase resolution.
title: The Individual and the Group in an Athletic Club: A Study of Aspiration and Social Interaction In a Voluntary Institution in Southampton.
Creators: name: Jackson, Michael P.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1980

description: The thesis studies the internal structure of an athletic club - Southampton and Eastleigh A.C. in both its training and competitive environment. The most important sociological field occurs in the training situation. From an individual point of view consideration is given to aspiration and dedication and also athletical career profiles. The role of the physical being is also considered in its sociological as well as sporting context. After analysis of the individual athlete, interaction patterns with others are studied; with the coach and training partners especially. This introduces the notion of the training 'squad'. The squad is probably the most important sub-grouping studied at the Club. Its structure does not necessarily cater for the different event types within Track and Field Athletics. It is a non-corporate entity and can cross club boundaries. In most cases it has a 'leader' who is the coach. By using network theory, interaction levels within squads can be determined and from this can be ascertained the structure of the sub-group. I used Bott's terms of 'loose' and 'close' knit to classify the particular training systems. Like her I found that norms helped determine the strength of knit. Norm organisation and observation within small groups was a central study of Homans and I utilised some of his theories when categorising the squads at S.E.A.C. The role of the coach as 'leader' became another central issue and I argued that his influence was very relevant to close-knit typologies. As well as the internal workings of squads consideration was also given to political relationships which often governed the interaction between these entities. The theme of 'quasi-factionalism' was introduced here. Aspects more directly associated with the corporate group itself were also analysed: The 'Team' - as a regularly changing sub-group (unlike the squad), the 'Meeting', competitive cycles of the Club, the 'Track' and other training environments.
title: The tripartite countries (Iran, Pakistan and Turkey) of the Regional Cooperation for Development: A geographical study of a regional grouping.
Creators: name: Kureshi, Durray S.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1971

description: The objective of this study is to analyse the possible economic development in the countries working together for the Regional Cooperation for Development (SCD), It embodies the study of the resource pattern, which would further the economic development of the participating countries. The investigation has been mainly directed towards the possible ways of exploiting to a maximum the various resources of the region, on a joint basis. It has for example been found during the course of study that the deficiencies of certain resources in one country could be made up by the other member countries. This possibility of mutual exchange makes the region as a whole appear much richer in resources than the individual countries. In order to comprehend the magnitude of the task involved, and to visualise ways and means of implementing further development of the countries and the region consistent with the geographical and economic factors which affect such development, the main features of the geography and economy of the regions have been examined. The first four chapters treat the geography of the three countries regarding their area, climate and cultural affinities as well as the stages of economic development reached by the participants, their industri.al set up and the historical and political setting. All these aspects have been analytically studied in the following pages, by using secondary sources. The remaining chapters deal with the degree of cooperation achieved in the first seven years of the Regional Cooperation for Development, outlining the projects implemented and approved and their impression upon to the respective participants. The study also treats the function of the R.C.D. countries with respect to military alliances to which the member countries were party and which is an assessment of the future role and significance of the Regional Cooperation for Development.
Current correlations in a Majorana beam splitter
Creators: name: Haim, Arbel
name: Berg, Erez
name: Oppen, Felix Von
name: Oreg, Yuval
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik

description: We study current correlations in a T-junction composed of a grounded topological superconductor and of two normal-metal leads which are biased at a voltage V. We show that the existence of an isolated Majorana zero mode in the junction dictates a universal behavior for the cross correlation of the currents through the two normal-metal leads of the junction. The cross correlation is negative and approaches zero at high bias voltages as -1/V. This behavior is robust in the presence of disorder and multiple transverse channels, and persists at finite temperatures. In contrast, an accidental low- energy Andreev bound state gives rise to nonuniversal behavior of the cross correlation. We employ numerical transport simulations to corroborate our conclusions.
A comparison of Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster techniques in detecting gastrointestinal parasites in West Africa Dwarf sheep and goats and crossbreed rabbits
Creators: name: Alowanou, Géorcelin G.
name: Adenilé, Adam D.
name: Akouèdegni, Guénolé C.
name: Bossou, Arsène C.
name: Zinsou, Fréjus T.
name: Akakpo, Gilles-Christ A.
name: Kifouly, Habirou A.
name: Rinaldi, Laura
name: Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg Von
name: Cringoli, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Faecal egg count
subject: gastrointestinal parasites
subject: McMaster
subject: Mini-FLOTAC
subject: rabbits
subject: small ruminants
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: McMaster (McM) method is one of the most widely used techniques for the assessment of faecal parasites shedding in veterinary practices because of its simplicity. However, due to its light sensitivity, recently, the Mini-FLOTAC (MF) has been introduced as a possible alternative for faecal worm egg counts. This study aims to compare the diagnosis performance of MF to McM technique. Faecal samples from 40 animals randomly selected in sheep, goats and rabbits' farms were collected and examined individually using MF and McM techniques. A statistical difference (p < 0.001) in strongylida egg counts in small ruminants and oocyst of Eimeria spp counts in rabbits using both techniques was observed. However, strongylida eggs per gram of feces in sheep (MF: 202.01 vs McM: 174.75) goat (MF: 147.36 vs McM: 143.75) and oocysts of Eimeria spp per gram of feces in rabbits (MF: 130.75 vs McM: 130.5) revealed no significant difference (p > 0.05). MF showed better diagnostic performance in term of the prevalence (MF: 32.5-100% vs McM: 7.5-70%) and the precision values (MF: 85.52-90.44% vs McM: 49.52-63.07%). This study demonstrated that MF appears to be the more reliable alternative technique for veterinary practices.
Toward a porcinein vivomodel to analyze the pathogenesis of TLR5-dependent enteropathies
Creators: name: Pieper, Robert
name: Best, Niels Van
name: Vorst, Kira Van
name: Ebner, Friederike
name: Reissmann, Monika
name: Hornef, Mathias W.
name: Fulde, Marcus
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Toll-like receptor 5
subject: metabolic syndrome
subject: inflammatory bowel disease
subject: microbiota
subject: pig model
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Non-communicable diseases, such as the metabolic syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, constitute serious public health threats in developed countries. Besides environmental factors, genetic predispositions contribute to the onset and progression of the disease.State-of-the-artmouse models recently highlight the involvement of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-driven microbiota composition in the development of metabolic disorders. Here, we discuss the causes and consequences of an altered enteric microbiota and provide information on a similar mechanism in another species, the pig. We show for the first time that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the porcineTLR5gene conferring impaired functionality is associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota in adult sows and neonatal piglets. Changes in the developing adaptive cellular immune response support the concept of TLR5-driven changes of the microbe-host interplay also in the pig. Together, these findings suggest that pigs with impaired TLR-functionality might represent a model for TLR5-driven diseases in humans.
Diversification dynamics of freshwater bivalves (Unionidae: Parreysiinae: Coelaturini) indicate historic hydrographic connections throughout the East African Rift System
Creators: name: Ortiz-Sepulveda, Claudia M.
name: Stelbrink, Björn
name: Vekemans, Xavier
name: Albrecht, Christian
name: Riedel, Frank
name: Todd, Jonathan A.
name: Bocxlaer, Bert Van
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Freshwater mussels
subject: Coelatura
subject: Africa
subject: Systematics
subject: Phylogeography
subject: Biogeographic modeling
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::560 Fossilien, Paläontologie::560 Paläontologie, Paläozoologie

description: Invertebrates are exceptionally diverse, but many are in decline because of anthropogenic changes to their habitat. This situation is particularly problematic for taxa that are not well monitored or taxonomically poorly understood, because the lack of knowledge hampers conservation. Despite their important functional role in freshwater ecosystems, African bivalves of the family Unionidae remain poorly studied compared to their highly threatened relatives in Europe, the U.S.A. and Canada. To resolve relationships and to study diversification dynamics in space and time, we performed time-calibrated phylogenetic studies and biogeographical modeling on the unionids from the East African Rift System and surroundings, including representatives of all currently recognized Afrotropical genera except for Brazzaea (and Unio from southern Africa). Our analyses indicate that all sampled Afrotropical unionids belong to the tribe Coelaturini (subfamily Parreysiinae), as does the genus Moncetia from Lake Tanganyika, which is currently attributed to the family Iridinidae. Colonization of Africa from Eurasia by Parreysiinae occurred similar to 17 Ma ago, and the subsequent diversification of Coelaturini in Africa continued at a steady pace, although net diversification decreased over time as more niches and ecoregions became occupied. Clades in Coelaturini largely reflect drainage basins, with the oldest lineages and highest regional diversity occurring in Lake Tanganyika, followed by the Congo Basin watershed in general. The species assemblage of Lake Tanganyika reflects multiple independent events of colonization and intralacustrine diversification since the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene. The clades of other regions, including that containing the species from Lake Malawi, are comparatively young. Biogeographical analyses indicate that the colonization history was mainly driven by cladogenesis in sympatry, whereas few anagenetic events contributed to the modern distribution of Coelaturini. Ancestral range estimations demonstrate that Coelaturini originated in the Victoria and/or Tanganyika ecoregions, and that the Congo Basin played an essential role in the colonization of Africa by Coelaturini.