Small Sites on the Santa Cruz Flats: The Results of the Investigations Along the Santa Rosa Canal in the Distribution Division of the Central Arizona Project
Creators: name: Jelinek, Lauren
Publisher: name: Northland Research, Inc.
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Greene Wash
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/76845/greene-wash
subject: Santa Rosa Wash
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/54419/santa-rosa-wash
subject: Sawtooth Mountains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/76836/sawtooth-mountains
subject: Santa Cruz River
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/76790/santa-cruz-river
subject: Picacho Mountains &amp; Reservoir
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/54344/picacho-mountains-reservoir
subject: Gila River Basin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/54537/gila-river-basin
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5728/historic
subject: Gila Butte Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/212/gila-butte-phase
subject: Santa Cruz Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/213/santa-cruz-phase
subject: Sacaton Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/214/sacaton-phase
subject: Historic Native American
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/30/historic-native-american
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/21/hohokam
subject: Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8/archaic
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Euroamerican
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/28/euroamerican
subject: AZ Z:4:9(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5716/az-z49asm
subject: AZ Z:4:10(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5717/az-z410asm
subject: AZ Z:4:11(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5718/az-z411asm
subject: AZ Z:4:12(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5719/az-z412asm
subject: Hot Tub site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5720/hot-tub-site
subject: AZ Z:4:16(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5721/az-z416asm
subject: AZ AA:1:52(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5722/az-aa152asm
subject: AZ AA:1:53(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5723/az-aa153asm
subject: AZ AA:1:54(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5724/az-aa154asm
subject: AZ AA:1:55(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5725/az-aa155asm
subject: AZ AA:1:56(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5726/az-aa156asm
subject: AZ AA:1:57(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5727/az-aa157asm
subject: AZ AA:1:58(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5728/az-aa158asm
subject: AZ AA:1:60(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5729/az-aa160asm
subject: AZ AA:1:67(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5730/az-aa167asm
subject: AZ AA:1:69(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5731/az-aa169asm
subject: AZ AA:1:71(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5732/az-aa171asm
subject: Stone Bowl site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5733/stone-bowl-site
subject: AZ AA:1:72(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5734/az-aa172asm
subject: AZ AA:2:68(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5735/az-aa268asm
subject: AZ AA:2:69(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5736/az-aa269asm
subject: Crip site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5737/crip-site
subject: AZ AA:2:70(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5738/az-aa270asm
subject: AZ AA:2:71(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5739/az-aa271asm
subject: AZ AA:2:72(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5740/az-aa272asm
subject: AZ AA:2:73(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5741/az-aa273asm
subject: AZ AA:2:74(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5742/az-aa274asm
subject: AZ AA:2:75(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5743/az-aa275asm
subject: AZ AA:2:76(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5744/az-aa276asm
subject: AZ AA:2:77(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5745/az-aa277asm
subject: AZ AA:2:78(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5746/az-aa278asm
subject: Pip (squeak) site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5747/pip-squeak-site
subject: AZ AA:2:79(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5748/az-aa279asm
subject: AZ AA:2:80(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5749/az-aa280asm
subject: AZ AA:2:81(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5750/az-aa281asm
subject: AZ AA:2:82(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5751/az-aa282asm
subject: AZ AA:2:83(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5752/az-aa283asm
subject: AZ AA:3:80(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5753/az-aa380asm
subject: Dip site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5754/dip-site
subject: AZ AA:3:81(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5755/az-aa381asm
subject: AZ AA:3:82(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5756/az-aa382asm
subject: AZ AA:3:83(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5757/az-aa383asm
subject: Drip site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5758/drip-site
subject: AZ AA:3:84(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5759/az-aa384asm
subject: AZ AA:3:85(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5760/az-aa385asm
subject: Yip site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5761/yip-site
subject: AZ AA:3:86(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5762/az-aa386asm
subject: Zip site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5763/zip-site
subject: AZ AA:3:87(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5764/az-aa387asm
subject: AZ AA:3:88(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5765/az-aa388asm
subject: AZ AA:3:89(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5766/az-aa389asm
subject: AZ AA:3:90(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5767/az-aa390asm
subject: AZ AA:3:91(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5768/az-aa391asm
subject: AZ AA:3:92(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5769/az-aa392asm
subject: AZ AA:3:93(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5770/az-aa393asm
subject: AZ AA:3:94(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5771/az-aa394asm
subject: AZ AA:3:95(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5772/az-aa395asm
subject: AZ AA:3:96(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5773/az-aa396asm
subject: AZ AA:3:97(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5774/az-aa397asm
subject: AZ AA:3:98(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5775/az-aa398asm
subject: AZ AA:3:99(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5776/az-aa399asm
subject: AZ AA:3:100(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5777/az-aa3100asm
subject: AZ AA:3:101(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5778/az-aa3101asm
subject: AZ AA:3:102(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5779/az-aa3102asm
subject: Blip site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5780/blip-site
subject: AZ AA:3:103(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5781/az-aa3103asm
subject: AZ AA:3: 104(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5782/az-aa3-104asm
subject: Encampment
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/253/encampment
subject: Sheet Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/349/sheet-midden
subject: Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/256/domestic-structures
subject: Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/272/resource-extraction-production-transportation-structure-or-features
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Refuse Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/356/refuse-pit
subject: Pit House / Earth Lodge
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/263/pit-house-earth-lodge
subject: Hearth
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/343/hearth
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/347/midden
subject: Settlements
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/252/settlements
subject: Pollen
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/13/pollen
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Dating Sample
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/3/dating-sample
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Macrobotanical
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/10/macrobotanical
subject: Seasonal Activity
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/33446/seasonal-activity
subject: Resource / Extraction Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/125817/resource-extraction-site
subject: Environment Research
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/13/environment-research
subject: Bioarchaeological Research
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/15/bioarchaeological-research
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: This report is about 58 archaeological sites located in and around an expansive desert basin known as the Santa Cruz Flats, located south of the Gila River. None of these sites are large. The biggest among them had only three, widely separated houses. Most of them had no houses, and the majority lacked material remains except for a mere scattering of artifacts now perched on the modern ground surface. Several of the sites included occupations dated to the modern, Historic, Euro-American era, while a few other sites produced chipped stone projectile points that likely date to the Archaic stage, the time of hunter-gatherers, before the advent of agriculture among the prehistoric peoples of the region. The most frequently represented material remains were those associated with the prehistoric Hohokam culture, the sedentary (at least semi-sedentary) agriculturalists who occupied the northern Sonoran Desert between A.D. 300 and 1450. The sites located within the construction corridor of the Santa Rosa Canal, a large water delivery system linked to the Central Arizona Project, are not quintessential Hohokam sites. The few Hohokam sites that contained preserved houses likely represent seasonal use only, and the vast majority of the sites include evidence of limited employment, probably for gathering wild crops; hunting; or tending, harvesting, and packing the yield away for storage and use elsewhere. Overall, these sites suggest rather heavy exploitation of resources formerly located on the Santa Cruz Flats, to a degree not previously appreciated, and at a time when it was supposed the Flats held less attraction. During the Hohokam pre-Classic period, there were few large communities outside the Tucson and Phoenix basins; the few settlements that were located in the intervening range were tightly restricted, by all outward appearances, to the bajadas of the surrounding mountains (Wilcox 1988a).