Philonthus
Creators: name: Chani-Posse, Mariana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Philonthus

description: Key to southern South American species of Philonthus   
1 Distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons less than twice distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures (Fig. 3)............................................................................................................................................. 21  
- Distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons twice or more as large as distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures (Figs. 1, 6)........................................................................................................................2  
2 Pronotum moderately to distinctly narrowed anteriad (Figs. 9, 10)........................................................................... 6  
- Pronotum parallel-sided (Fig. 11)................................................................................................................................. 3  
 3 Eyes distinctly shorter than temples seen from above; transverse distance between punctures on elytra distinctly larger than diameters of punctures (Fig. 13) .......................................................................... P. quadraticeps Boheman   
- Eyes distinctly longer than temples seen from above (Figs. 1, 4, 5); transverse distance between punctures on elytra about as large as to distinctly smaller than diameters of punctures (Fig. 12)............................................................... 4  
 4 Antennal segment 4 distinctly quadrate; distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons more than three times distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures; terga 2 and 3 with posterior basal line straight medially .............................................................................................................................. P. discoideus (Gravenhorst)   
- Antennal segment 4 elongate (Figs. 10, 11); distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons twice to three times as large as distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures; terga 2 and 3 with posterior basal line acutely extended medially (Fig. 15).............................................................................................................................. 5  
 5 Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with four punctures; paramere of aedeagus entire, not divided (Fig. 103) ..................................................................................................................................................... P. politus (Linné)   
 - Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with five punctures, rarely with four (if so, only in one row); paramere of aedeagus divided into two branches (Fig. 112)........................................................................ P. rectangulus Sharp   
6 Eyes about as long as or shorter than temples seen from above................................................................................. 10  
- Eyes distinctly longer than temples seen from above................................................................................................... 7  
7 Distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons more than three times distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures; first segment of hind tarsus longer than last segment.................................................... 9  
- Distance separating medial interocular punctures on frons twice to three times as large as distance separating medial punctures from lateral punctures; first segment of hind tarsus as long as or shorter than last segment....................... 8  
 8 Antennal segment 10 quadrate; last segment of both labial and maxillary palpus fusiform (Fig. 1); styli of tergum 9 with basal portion testaceous and apical portion black................................................... P. bicoloristylus Chani-Posse   
 - Antennal segment 10 elongate; last segment of labial palpus gradually narrowed to acute apex; last segment of maxillary palpus acicular (Fig. 4); styli of tergum 9 uniformly dark................................................ P. pallipes Blanchard   
 9 Male sternum 8 deeply emarginate medio-apically.......................................................................... P.figulus Erichson   
 - Male sternum 8 moderately emarginate medio-apically ....................................................... P. aeruginosus Nordmann   
10 Head about as wide as long........................................................................................................................................ 13  
- Head moderately to distinctly wider than long..........................................................................................................11  
 11 Antennal segments 8–10 elongate; pronotum slightly narrowed anteriad to parallel-sided...... P. bruchianus sp. nov.   
- Antennal segments 8–10 not elongate; pronotum distinctly narrowed anteriad.........................................................12  
 12 Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with four punctures; first segment of hind tarsus longer than last segment .......................................................................................................................................... P. ruficauda Bernhauer   
 - Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with six punctures; first segment of hind tarsus about as long as last segment................................................................................................................................ P. sericans (Gravenhorst)   
13 Antennal segments 8–10 elongate.............................................................................................................................. 17  
- Antennal segments 8–10 not elongate........................................................................................................................ 14  
 14 Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with five punctures, rarely with four (if so, only at one row); first segment of hind tarsus distinctly longer than last segment ........................................................ P. flavolimbatus Erichson   
- Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with four punctures; first segment of hind tarsus as long as or shorter than last segment........................................................................................................................................................ 15  
 15 Antennal segment 8 quadrate; last segment of labial palpus about 1.5 times as long as the preceding segment..................................................................................................................................................................... P. pauxillus Solsky   
- Antennal segment 8 transverse; last segment of labial palpus twice as long as the preceding segment................... 16  
 16 Antennal segment 5 subquadrate (Fig. 9); male sternum 8 deeply emarginate medio- apically; apex of paramere reaching about two thirds of median lobe length, with sensory peg setae (Figs. 33–35).... P. bonariensis Bernhauer   
 - Antennal segment 5 elongate; male sternum 8 moderately emarginate medio-apically; apex of paramere almost reaching apex of median lobe, without sensory peg setae (Figs. 77, 78) ...................................... P. hepaticus Erichson   
17 Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with five punctures; apex of male tergum 10 not emarginate medioapically........................................................................................................................................................................19  
- Pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with four punctures; apex of male tergum 10 emarginate medio-apically............................................................................................................................................................................. 18  
 18 Antennal segments 2 and 3 subequal in length; second segment of maxillary palpus no more than twice as long as its maximum width; mentum and submentum subequal in length ........................................ P. stenocephalus Scheerpeltz   
 - Antennal segment 2 shorter than segment 3; second segment of maxillary palpus more than twice as long as its maximum width; submentum about 1.5 times as long as mentum ............................................................. P. argus Herman   
 19 Last segment of labial palpus twice as long as preceding segment; mid tarsus longer than mid tibia; male sternum 8 moderately emarginate apically ................................................................................................. P. longicornis Stephens   
- Last segment of labial palpus 1.5 times as long as preceding segment; mid tarsus as long as mid tibia; male sternum 8 deeply emarginate apically...................................................................................................................................... 20  
 20 Antennal segments 2 and 3 subequal in length; male tergum 10 subacute apically (Fig. 139); apex of median lobe subtruncate (Fig. 143) ..................................................................................................................... P. varians (Paykull)   
 - Antennal segment 2 shorter than segment 3; male tergum 10 arcuate apically (Fig. 44); apex of median lobe subacute (Fig. 45).................................................................................................................. P. convexicollis Lynch-Arribálzaga   
 21 Eyes distinctly longer than temples seen from above (Fig. 11); front tarsus shorter than front tibia................................................................................................................................................................ P. lynchi Bernhauer and Schubert   
- Eyes about as long as or shorter than temples seen from above; front tarsus as long as front tibia...........................22  
 22 Antennal segment 8 transverse; pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with four punctures; transverse distance between punctures on elytra distinctly larger than diameters of punctures; paramere elongate with sensory peg setae.................................................................................................................................................... P. floresi sp. nov.   
- Antennal segment 8 quadrate or elongate; pronotum with dorsal rows of punctures each with five to six punctures; transverse distance between punctures on elytra about as large as to distinctly smaller than diameters of punctures; paramere reduced without sensory peg setae.............................................................................................................. 23  
 23 Antennal segment 10 transverse; first segment of hind tarsus longer than last segment..... P. cribriventris Bernhauer   
- Antennal segment 10 quadrate or elongate; first segment of hind tarsus as long as last segment..............................24  
 24 Antennal segment 8 quadrate; pronotum distinctly narrowed anteriad........................................ P. jenseni Bernhauer   
 - Antennal segment 8 elongate; pronotum slightly narrowed anteriad to parallel-sided... P. rubromaculatus Bernhauer
description: Published as part of Chani-Posse, Mariana, 2010, Revision of the southern South American species of Philonthus Stephens (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) 2595, pp. 1-70 in Zootaxa 2595 on pages 9-11