Acuaria attenuata Railliet, Henry &amp; Sisoff 1912
Creators: name: Mutafchiev, Yasen
name: Mariaux, Jean
name: Georgiev, Boyko B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Secernentea
Spirurida
Acuariidae
Acuaria
Acuaria attenuata

description: <b> <i>Acuaria attenuata</i> (Rudolphi, 1819) Railliet, Henry &amp; Sisoff, 1912</b> <i>Type-host</i>: <i>Delichon urbicum</i> (L.) (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae). <i>Type-locality</i>: No data. <i>Material studied</i>: ZMB ‘‘Vermes’’ 178, syntypes (1 male and 1 female). Redescription (Figs. 4, 5) <i>General</i>. Delicate acuariid nematodes. Anterior end with 2 triangular pseudolabia, each bearing single amphid and one pair of papillae. Cordons arise dorsally and ventrally between pseudolabia, extend posteriorly in longitudinal direction beyond oesophago-intestinal junction (Fig. 4A); each cordon consists of 2 rows of rectangular plates, two to three times wider than long; distance between cuticular annulations two times as long as length of plates. <i>Male</i>. Fragment of body without anterior extremity 4.6 mm long. Length of body posterior to oesophagointestinal junction 4.4 mm. Maximum body width 150. Cordons extending to 30 posterior to oesophagointestinal junction. Testis reflection at level of oesophago-intestinal junction. Body width at level of cloaca 80. Tail 171 long. Caudal alae 447 long. Precloacal papillae 4 subventral pairs and single ventral precloacal papilla. Postcloacal papillae 6 subventral pairs in two groups of three pairs (Fig. 4B). Spicules similar in shape and length, 140 long (Fig. 4C, D). <i>Female</i>. Body length 9.4 mm. Maximum body width 164, at region anterior to vulva. Body width at vulva 118. Posterior extremity in poor condition (morphological features not distinct). Cordons 2,710 long, <i>c</i>.10 wide. Deirids and excretory pore at 224 and 397, respectively, from anterior extremity. Cuticle 3 thick; cuticular annulations <i>c.</i> 5–6 apart. Buccal cavity 160 long and 14 wide. Muscular oesophagus 416 long, maximum width 52, at posterior part. Glandular oesophagus 1,119 long, maximum width 78 at midlength. Nerve-ring 213 from anterior extremity. Vulva 5.1 mm from anterior extremity. Ovejector posteriorly directed, 589 long (Fig. 4E). Didelphic, amphidelphic. Eggs oval, 31–35 9 15–18 (33 9 16) (n = 10), containing developing embryo (Fig. 4F). Remarks <i>Acuaria attenuata (Rudolphi, 1819)</i> was described from <i>Delichon urbicum</i> (L.) (Hirundinidae: Passeriformes) (see Rudolphi, 1819). In the same work, Rudolphi (1819) mentioned that the same species had been registered in the Helminthological Catalogue of the Vienna Museum from two other hosts, <i>Hirundo rustica</i> (L.) and <i>Riparia riparia</i> (L.). According to Dujardin (1845), the type-series of <i>A. attenuata</i> consisted of one male 6.8 mm long and one female 11.3 mm long. Subsequently, this species has been reported in various small passerine birds of the families Alaudidae, Hirundinidae, Muscicapidae, Acrocephalidae, Motacillidae and Sylviidae in Europe (for survey, see Jögis, 1971; Smogorzhevskaya, 1990). Jögis (1971, 1977) considered <i>A. tenuis</i> (Dujardin, 1845), <i>A. muscicapae</i>, <i>A. papillifera</i>, <i>A. dollfusi</i> Chabaud &amp; Petter, 1961 and <i>A. paragalliardi</i> Chabaud &amp; Petter, 1961 as junior synonyms of <i>A. attenuata</i> based on material collected from <i>Delichon urbicum</i> (L.), <i>Muscicapa striata</i> (Pallas) (Muscicapidae), <i>Saxicola rubetra</i> (L.), <i>Acrocephalus arundinaceus</i> (L.), <i>Acrocephalus palustris</i> (Bechstein), <i>Motacilla alba</i> L. and <i>Anthus trivialis</i> (L.) in Kaliningradskaya Oblast’ (Russia). However, these specimens were characterised b <i>y</i> short cordons (not extending posteriorly beyond the midlength of the muscular oesophagus) and dissimilar left and the right spicule having lengths in the range of 134–140 lm and 92–101 lm, respectively (Jögis, 1971). The other few records of <i>A. attenuata</i> accompanied by morphological descriptions, i.e. from <i>D. urbicum</i> in Germany (von Linstow, 1877) (reported as <i>A. tuberculata</i>, see below), from <i>H. rustica</i>, <i>R. riparia</i> and <i>D. urbicum</i> in Poland (Jaro&amp;nacute;, 1969), and <i>H. rustica</i> and <i>R. riparia</i> in the Ukraine (Smogorzhevskaya, 1990), were also characterised by short cordons and dissimilar spicules. Therefore, we could not confirm any of the subsequent records of <i>A. attenuata</i> as conspecific with the type-material of the species. Williams (1929) described <i>Acuaria minuta</i> Williams, 1929, <i>Acuaria minor</i> Williams, 1929 and <i>Acuaria pattoni</i> Williams, 1929 from hosts of the family Icteridae in the USA, which, similarly to <i>A. attenuata</i>, have a delicate body, long cordons and spicules similar in size and shape. <i>Acuaria coloradensis</i> Sherwin &amp; Schmidt, 1988, from <i>Tachycineta thalassina</i> (Swainson) (Hirundinidae) in Colorado, USA, as described by Sherwin &amp; Schmidt (1988), has cordons extending beyond the oesophago-intestinal junction and spicules dissimilar in length (left 140 lm; right 125 lm) but resembling by shape those of <i>A. attenuata.</i>
description: Published as part of <i>Yasen Mutafchiev, Jean Mariaux &amp; Boyko B. Georgiev, 2017, Description of Acuaria europaea n. sp. (Spirurida: Acuariidae) from Dendrocopos syriacus (Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg) and Oriolus oriolus (L.) (Aves) in Europe, with results of re-examination of related European species of Acuaria Bremser, 1811, pp. 201-214 in Systematic Parasitology 94</i> on pages 208-211, DOI: 10.1007/s11230-016-9695-z, http://zenodo.org/record/1039390
description: {"references": ["Rudolphi, C. A. (1819). Entozoorum synopsis cui accedunt mantissa duplex et indices locupletissimi. Berlin: Sumtibus Augusti Rucker, 811 pp.", "Dujardin, F. (1845). Histoire naturelle des helminthes ou vers intestinaux. Paris: Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, 654 pp.", "Jogis, V. A. (1971). On the taxonomy of the genus Acuaria Bremser, 1811. Parazitologiya, 5, 83 - 87 (in Russian).", "Smogorzhevskaya, L. A. (1990). [Nematodes. Part 3. Acuarioidea]. In: Sharpilo, V. P. (Ed.) Fauna Ukrainy. Vol. 32. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 189 pp (In Russian).", "Jogis, V. A. (1977). Nematodes from birds of the Kaliningrad district and Estonian SSR. Parazitologicheskiy Sbornik, 5, 81 - 113 (in Russian).", "Chabaud, A. G., &amp; Petter, A. (1961). Nematodes du genre Acuaria de la Faune de France. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 36, 409 - 424.", "von Linstow, O. (1877). Helminthologica. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 43, 1 - 18.", "Jaron, W. (1969). The helminth parasites of Hirundinidae of the neighbourhood of Warszawa and Olsztyn. Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 16, 137 - 152.", "Williams, O. L. (1929). A critical analysis of the specific characters of the genus Acuaria nematodes of birds, with description of new American species. University of California Publication in Zooology, 33, 69 - 107.", "Sherwin, F. J., &amp; Schmidt, G. D. (1988). Helminths of swallows of the mountains of Colorado, including Acuaria coloradensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Spirurata). Journal of Parasitology, 74, 336 - 338."]}