Paravelia
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Higor D. D.
name: Moreira, Felipe F. F.
name: Nieser, Nico
name: Chen, Ping Ping
name: Melo, Alan L.
name: Dias-Silva, Karina
name: Giehl, Nubia F. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Paravelia

description: Key to the species of Paravelia recorded from Brazil
Specimens of part of these species were not examined, and only the characters mentioned in the original descriptions have been considered, which makes the key somewhat preliminary. However, because literature on Paravelia is scattered over several, sometimes rather old, small papers dealing with descriptions of one or a few species only, a comprehensive key to the genus is urgently needed.
1. Humeral angle with spinose projection (Fig. 19 B).................................................... P. spinifera
- Humeral angle without spinose projection.................................................................. 2
2. Intersegmental region between head and pronotum and ventrally below acetabulae with a wide stripe of white cuticle (Fig. 5 B)................................................................................... P. bipunctata sp. nov.
- Intersegmental region of these areas without stripe of white cuticle...............................................3
3. Body length less than 3.40 mm ........................................................................... 4
- Body length equal to or more than 3.40 mm ................................................................. 5
4. Head, pronotum, legs, and abdomen covered by small black denticles; anterior lobe of pronotum with a pair of pruinose areas laterally (Figs 18 C–D)......................................................................... P. splendoris
- Body and legs without black denticles, covered by very long setae; anterior lobe of pronotum without pruinosity (Figs 14 C–D)............................................................................................ P. capixaba
5. Forewings with bubble-like structures on basal region near humeral angles (Fig. 14 A)..................... .. P. bullialata
- Forewings without bubble-like structures................................................................... 6
6. Pronotum with a distinct conical projection between humeral angles (Fig. 15 A).............................. P. c on at a
- Pronotum without dorsal conical projection.................................................................7
7. Venter of abdomen covered by rounded or oval punctations (as in Fig. 6 D)......................................... 8
- Venter of abdomen not covered by punctations.............................................................. 12
8. Male with pronotum distinctly widened anteriorly (Fig. 15 B); female without widened pronotum; body length equal to or more than 5.30 mm .................................................................................. P. dilatata
- Pronotum not widened anteriorly; body length less than 5.30 mm ................................................9
9. Basal macula of forewing narrowed on posterior half; a small rounded white macula present on side of basal macula (Fig. 17 A)............................................................................................. P. foveata
– Basal macula of forewing with parallel margins; additional rounded maculae absent on base of wing................... 10
10. Distance between basal and apical maculae of forewings smaller than length of basal macula; apical macula slightly con- stricted medially (Mazzucconi 2000: Fig. 1)..................................................... P. hungerfordi
- Distance between basal and apical maculae of forewings distinctly greater than length of basal macula; apical macula distinctly constricted medially (as in Fig. 1 A)...................................................................... 11
11. Apical macula of forewing strongly constricted medially, sometimes disconnected in median region (Figs 4 A–B); posterior margin of male abdominal sternite VII with two small lobes (Fig. 6 D); male proctiger with a pair of bilobed projections (Fig. 6 –F)................................................................................. P. bilobata sp. nov.
- Apical macula of forewing less constricted medially (Fig. 1 A); posterior margin of male abdominal sternite VII without lobes, almost straight (Fig. 1 B); projections of male proctiger not bilobed (Fig. 3 A–B)................... P. amapaensis sp. nov.
12. Forewing with white tear-like basal macula, starting from humeral angle and passing posterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 7 A)..................................................................................... P. lacrymosa sp. nov.
- Forewing macula not as above..........................................................................13
13. Forewing with a small elongated narrow macula below the posterior margin of pronotum; at apex another pair of laterally placed rounded maculae; all maculae whitish (as in Fig. 14 B).................................................. 14
- Forewing maculae not as above......................................................................... 15
14. Body length 4.20–4.95 mm; tibiae armed with denticles on inner margin (Fig. 14 B)......................... P. capillata
- Body length 5.50 mm; tibiae unarmed.............................................................. P. cognata
15. Forewing with basal and apical maculae very small, of similar size, and rounded (Fig. 8 A)....... P. micromaculata sp. nov.
- Forewing with basal and apical maculae of different size and shape............................................. 16
16. Forewing with a subtriangular white basal macula along costal margin; at apex an oval area and a pair of irregular maculae on margin..................................................................................... P. cupariana
- Forewing maculae not as above.......................................................................... 17
17. Head, thorax, and connexives covered by small black denticles; pronotum orange or yellowish orange; forewing with an addi- tional white stripe in front of the basal macula; one macula present on cubital vein and a whitish line surrounding the wing; at apex another white macula (as in Figs 10 A, 18B)............................................................18
- Black denticles, if covering body, not distributed as above; forewing at most with basal and apical maculae.............. 20
18. General body color yellowish orange; body length 5.00 mm; male abdominal sternite VII with a pair of distinct projections (Hungerford 1930a: Fig. 9)....................................................................... P. confusa
- General body color orange to orange brown; body length 3.80–4.25 mm; male abdominal sternite VII without projections (as in Fig. 10 C)......................................................................................... 19
19. Antennomere IV whitish, with small brown areas on base and apex (Fig. 18 B); male proctiger with a distinct horn-like expan- sion on basal region, and small black denticles on apex (Fig. 20 D); posterior angle of last connexival segment of female not developed.............................................................................. P. rotundanotata
- Antennomere IV entirely orange brown (Fig. 10 A); male proctiger only with a basal elevation, without small black denticles on apex (Fig. 12 B); posterior angle of last connexival segment of female developed, acute (Fig. 12 D)...... P. or n at a sp. nov.
20. Forewing with basal macula distinctly yellow (Figs 11 A, 13A–B).............................................. 21
- Forewing with basal macula white, yellowish white or orange yellow (the last color can occur in some specimens of P. ita- tiayana)............................................................................................ 22
21. Thorax and abdomen dark brown to black; basal macula of forewing starting from humeral angle; male with a pair of projec- tions on abdominal sternite VII; apical macula of forewings, when present, narrow and elongated (Figs 13 A–B); hind femur without spines................................................................................. P. basalis
- Thorax dark brown, abdomen ventrally light brown to brown; basal macula of forewing starting close to humeral angle; apical macula of forewings rounded (Fig. 11 A); female hind femur with 5–7 spines (Fig. 12 F) (male unknown)...................................................................................................... P. p ol h e m us i sp. nov.
22. Body with small black denticles, distributed on dorsum and venter of head, on abdominal sternites, connexives and/or genital segments........................................................................................... 23
- Body without small black denticles...................................................................... 29
23. Posterior angle of pronotum acuminated (as in Fig. 17 D); male abdominal sternite VII with a pair of acute projections (Moreira & Barbosa 2012: Fig. 13).............................................................................. 24
- Posterior angle of pronotum rounded (as in Fig. 17 B) to slightly acute (as in Fig. 13 C), not acuminated; male abdominal stern- ite VII without projections.............................................................................. 25
24. Pronotum orange, with anterior lobe, humeral angles, and wide median stripe brownish; base of paramere with dorsal surface slightly widened (Polhemus & Polhemus 1985: Fig. 2); female hind femur with about seven black denticles on ventral surface, larger towards apex.............................................................................. P. truxali
- Pronotum dark brown to black, with margins of posterior lobe orange (Fig. 17 D); paramere with a small basal notch on dorsal surface (Fig. 20 A); female hind femur with 4–6 small spines on distal half................................ .. P. nieseri
25. Small black denticles present on connexives; body length 3.54–4.00 mm......................................... 26
- Small black denticles absent on connexives; body length 4.58–5.10 mm ......................................... 28
26. Body length 3.54 mm; first genital segment of male without small black denticles; paramere curved inward, becoming darker and narrower towards apex........................................................................ .. P. ne x a
- Body length 4.00 mm; first genital segment of male with small black denticles laterally; paramere not as above.......... 27
27. Paramere curved, constricted near base and after middle, with wide apex..................................... P. kahli
- Paramere with apex strongly curved and acute......................................................... P. parilis
28. Anterior lobe of pronotum laterally with a pair of silvery pubescent areas (Figs 2 A–B); abdominal sternites covered by rounded small black denticles.............................................................. P. bahiana sp. nov.
- Anterior lobe of pronotum without silvery pubescence (Fig. 17 B); central region of abdominal sternites II-VII and posterolat- eral margins of abdominal segment VII covered by conical small black denticles........................... P. lanemeloi
29. Body length equal to or more than 4.90 mm ................................................................ 30
- Body length less than 4.90 mm (bromeliadicolous species).................................................... 33
30. Posterior angle of pronotum terminating in a small process (as in Fig. 3 F) or acuminated; femora and tibiae dark brown; male abdominal sternite VII without projections or lobes on posterior margin......................................... 31
- Posterior angle of pronotum rounded (as in Figs 19 A,C); male abdominal sternite VII with a pair of projections (Fig. 19 C) or with two small lobes medially on posterior margin (Hungerford 1930a: Fig. 4)..................................... 32
31. Posterior angle of pronotum acuminated; body length equal to or less than 6.00 mm; paramere slightly narrowed on base, with- out dorsal notch (Polhemus & Polhemus 1984b: Fig. 5)................................................ P. j u r ua na
- Posterior angle of pronotum terminating in a small process (as in Fig. 3 F); body length more than 6.00 mm; paramere with a dorsal notch near base, slightly curved (Spangler 1989: Fig. 6)............................................. P. biae
32. Femora yellowish on basal half, remaining of legs brownish (Fig. 19 C); male with a pair of distinct projections on posterior margin of abdominal sternite VII (Fig. 19 D); body length 5.80–6.00 mm.................................. P. williamsi
- Legs dark brown (Fig. 19 A); posterior margin of male abdominal sternite VII medially extended, forming two small lobes on sides of a central concavity (Hungerford 1930a: Fig. 4); body length 5.03 mm ............................. P. platensis
33. Apical macula of forewings rounded, not touching or nearly reaching the posterior margin of wings (Fig.18 A)...... P. re c e ns
- Apical macula of forewings, when present, elongated and narrow, touching or nearly reaching the posterior margin of wings (as in Figs 15 C, 17C).................................................................................. 34
34. Anterior lobe of pronotum with a pair of pubescent areas (as in Fig. 17 C)........................................ 35
- Anterior lobe of pronotum without pubescence (Figs 15 C–D).......................................... P. itatiayana
35. Silvery pubescence on anterior lobe of pronotum longitudinal and narrow slightly bowed outward; paramere narrowed on pos- terior half (Moreira & Barbosa 2011: Figs 12, 13).................................................. .. P. gabrielae
- Whitish pubescence on anterior lobe of pronotum subrectangular and wide (Fig. 17 C); paramere not narrowed on posterior half (Polhemus & Polhemus 1991: Fig. 3)............................................................ P. manausana
description: Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Moreira, Felipe F. F., Nieser, Nico, Chen, Ping Ping, Melo, Alan L., Dias-Silva, Karina & Giehl, Nubia F. S., 2014, The genus Paravelia Breddin, 1898 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in Brazil, with descriptions of eight new species, pp. 1-47 in Zootaxa 3784 (1) on pages 40-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3784.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/285781