cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
First day of type IIP supernova SN 2013fs: H$α$ from preshock accelerated gas
Creators: name: Chugai, Nikolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I explore the origin of an asymmetry of the H$α$ emission from a circumstellar (CS) shell around type IIP supernova SN 2013fs in the spectrum taken 10.3\,h after the shock breakout. A spherical model of the H$α$ emission from the CS shell that takes into account a preshock gas acceleration by the supernova radiation permits us to successfully reproduce the \ha H$α$ profile. Principal factors responsible for the H$α$ asymmetry are the high velocity of the accelerated CS preshock gas ($\sim 3000$\,km s$^{-1}$) and a low H$α$ Sobolev optical depth in a combination with an occultation of the H$α$ emission by the photosphere.
description: accepted by Astronomy Letters
أحكام القتل الخطأ الناتج عن حوادث المرور في الفقه الإسلامي İslam Hukukunda Hataen Yapılan ve Öölüm ile Sonuçlanan Trafik Kazalarının Hükümleri
Creators: name: ALJASEM, Baha Eddin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 220403 Islamic Studies
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Nefsin korunması ilkesi Mekasıd-ı Şeri’a’nın önemli gördüğü değerlerden birisi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bundan dolayı hataen yapılsa dahi nefsin ölümüne veya zararına
sebep olmak, İslam Hukukunda çeşitli sorumlulukları ve neticeleri olan suçlardandır. İlk
dönem fıkıh alimleri kendi zamanlarına uygun olarak ölümle sonuçlanan trafik kazalarının hükümlerinden bahsetmişlerdir. Fakat günümüzde kitle iletişim araçlarının daha
da gelişmesi çok çeşitli ölümlerin de meydana gelmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu durum
asrımıza uygun olarak bu meselelerin hükümlerini ortaya koymamızı zaruri kılmaktadır.
Trafik kazalarının çoğu bilmeden yapıldığından, çalışmamızda hataen öldürme ve hü-
kümlerini işlemeye çalıştık. Çalışmamızın başında özet olarak her türlü ölüm çeşitlerini
ele almaya gayret ettik. Akabinde şoförün sorumluluğunu, hataen adam öldürme ve diyet hükümlerini arz etmeye, Daha sonra Uluslararası Fıkıh Akademisinin farklı üç toplantısında ele alınan fakat henüz bir karara varılamayan kefaretin hükümlerini ve miktarını
ele almaya çalıştık
Adaptive Scheduling Algorithms for Planet Searches
Creators: name: Ford, Eric B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-precision radial velocity planet searches have surveyed over ~2000 nearby stars and detected over ~200 planets. While these same stars likely harbor many additional planets, they will become increasingly challenging to detect, as they tend to have relatively small masses and/or relatively long orbital periods. Therefore, observers are increasing the precision of their observations, continuing to monitor stars over decade timescales, and also preparing to survey thousands more stars. Given the considerable amounts of telescope time required for such observing programs, it is important use the available resources as efficiently as possible. Previous studies have found that a wide range of predetermined scheduling algorithms result in planet searches with similar sensitivities. We have developed adaptive scheduling algorithms which have a solid basis in Bayesian inference and information theory and also are computationally feasible for modern planet searches. We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of plausible planet searches to test the power of adaptive scheduling algorithms. Our simulations demonstrate that planet searches performed with adaptive scheduling algorithms can simultaneously detect more planets, detect less massive planets, and measure orbital parameters more accurately than comparable surveys using a non-adaptive scheduling algorithm. We expect that these techniques will be particularly valuable for the N2K radial velocity planet search for short-period planets as well as future astrometric planet searches with the Space Interferometry Mission which aim to detect terrestrial mass planets.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, accepted to AJ
Irrigation decision-making processes and conditions: a case study of Sri Lanka's Kirindi Oya Irrigation Settlement Project
Creators: name: Nijman, Charles
name: Nijman, Charles
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Irrigation management
subject: Decision making
subject: Farmer-agency interactions
subject: Accountability
subject: Case studies
subject: Sustainability
subject: River basin development
subject: Water allocation
subject: Water requirements
subject: Project appraisal
subject: Indicators

description: Detailed study of decision-making processes and managerial conditions of the Kirindi Oya Irrigation and Settlement Project in Sri Lanka, adopting a management perspective in the analysis of the performance of this major irrigation system in Sri Lanka. This paper is a companion document to "Irrigation management processes and conditions" by the same author.
Psychosocial and other working conditions in relation to employment arrangements in a representative sample of working Australians
Creators: name: Louie, Amber Maureen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Objective: To understand empirically-derived employment categories in relation to job strain, effort/reward ratio, job hazards and other working conditions. Method: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted by telephone from a random sample of White Pages listings in the state of Victoria, Australia (n = 1,101). I defined current employment arrangements in terms of work characteristics, and then compared eight employment categories in terms of socio-demographics, self-reported job insecurity and other working conditions. Using logistic regression I determined job strain and effort/reward ratio across these categories. Results: Eight mutually exclusive employment status categories showed significant and consistent differences in work characteristics, socio-demographics and perceived job insecurity. Using the "other self-employed" (not working alone) as the reference category and adjusting for age and education, job strain was positively associated with permanent fulltime (Odds Ratio [OR] = 4.11), permanent part-time (OR = 4.95), and casual part-time employment (OR = 4.08) in women but not in men. Job strain was positively associated with casual full-time (OR - 4.66) and labour hire (OR = 4.36) employment in men but not women. Men who were employed permanent full-time demonstrated the only significant odds for high effort/reward ratio (OR=3.92). Significant differences were also found between proportions across employment categories in terms of job hazards, shift work, excessive working hours and multiple job holding. Discussion/Conclusions: Overall, this study revealed an association between precarious employment and unhealthy working conditions. While other studies tend to oversimplify non-permanent categories of employment, I found prominent differences in working conditions between casual, fixed term contract and labour hire employees. The empirically-derived and mutually exclusive categories provide greater discriminatory power than previously used classifications and may be of use to government agengies, policy makers and researchers. The use of multiple measures of occupational stress and hazard exposure also revealed a complex picture within particular job categories, demonstrating concentrations of exposures in certain groups. Further, more refined analysis that considers the gendered patterns revealed in this study would help us understand the differential impact of policies, programs and modern production organisation on workers in relation to employment arrangements and social context.
A Principled Approach to Design Using High Fidelity Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations
Creators: name: Wu, Wensi
name: Bonneville, Christophe
name: Earls, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high fidelity fluid-structure interaction simulation may require many days to run, on hundreds of cores. This poses a serious burden, both in terms of time and economic considerations, when repetitions of such simulations may be required (e.g. for the purpose of design optimization). In this paper we present strategies based on (constrained) Bayesian optimization (BO) to alleviate this burden. BO is a numerical optimization technique based on Gaussian processes (GP) that is able to efficiently (with minimal calls to the expensive FSI models) converge towards some globally optimal design, as gauged using a black box objective function. In this study we present a principled design evolution that moves from FSI model verification, through a series of Bridge Simulations (bringing the verification case incrementally closer to the application), in order that we may identify material properties for an underwater, unmanned, autonomous vehicle (UUAV) sail plane. We are able to achieve fast convergence towards an optimal design, using a small number of FSI simulations (a dozen at most), even when selecting over several design parameters, and while respecting optimization constraints.
title: Mechanical Properties of INCONEL 740H at 725°C
Creators: name: Poputa, Mircea Cristian
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2023

description: Worldwide, demand for electricity usage is increasing. The temperature at which conventional fossil fuel Power Plants currently operate is insufficient to increase their efficiency and reduce their CO2 emissions. The typical operational temperature of fossil fuel power plants in Europe is around 560°C. Increased efficiency and decreased CO2 emissions can only be achieved by increasing steam temperature above 700°C and pressures in the region of 35MPa. New alloys, including INCONEL 740H were developed to meet the new requirements, in the late 1990’s under the European Thermie project.


INCONEL 740H, is an age-hardened nickel-based superalloy with a gamma prime strengthening phase and a melting range of 1288-1362°C, similar to Nimonic 263, but with optimised chemical composition for creep strength, microstructure stability, hot corrosion, and heavy section weldability in order to withstand harsher environment conditions.


Allowable stresses for pressure containing components made of this new alloy UNS (N07740) have been established in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessels Code Case 2702. At present INCONEL 740H is mostly used for thin-wall elements of superheaters and thick-walled chambers and pipelines of Ultra-supercritical steam boilers.


This thesis focuses on characterising and understanding the interactions between chemistry, microstructure stability, creep, and fatigue behaviour of parent material (as manufactured) and after stress-free long-term ageing at 725°C for up to 20,000 hours. The temperature of 725°C was selected based on the literature review, and discussion with the material provider. At the time of the study there was very sporadic date points at 725°C for the material. Also another reason was that in Europe the aim of the material used was to be operated around 700°C, so testing the material at 25°C higher would bring confidence on the current data for creep and fatigue.


The observed behaviours are quantified and assessed to establish how INCONEL 740H can be utilized in high temperature power plant within and beyond a design service life of 100,000 hours (11,4 years). The effect of long-term stress-free ageing at 725°C on the mechanical properties is of particular interest as few studies have been conducted at this temperature. The reported experimental work will contribute to the definition of a creep-fatigue interaction diagram for this material condition of use for future design life and integrity assessment purposes. The research has demonstrated the microstructure of the alloy is stable after long term stress-free aging of the alloy at 725°C, with a main strengthening phase ɣ’ (Ni3Ti) homogenously distributed within the matrix. The creep-fatigue model analysis for 1h and 16h dwell times shown that the main dominant failure mode is creep rather than fatigue.
بنوك الحليب وحكمها في الشريعة الإسلامية İslam Hukukunda Süt Bankaları ve Hükümleri
Creators: name: ALJASEM, Baha Eddin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 220403 Islamic Studies
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Anne sütü insan hayatının ilk günlerinde önemli ve temel bir beslenme kaynağı olarak
öne çıkmaktadır. İslam öz anneyle çocuğu arasında ilişki oluşturduğu gibi emziren ve bebek
arasında da ilişki var etmiştir.
İlim ve teknolojinin ilerlemesile beraber çok sayıda insani tıp bankaları kurulmuştur. Bu
bankalardan biri de birçok ülkede kurulmuş olan süt bankalarıdır. Çağdaş alimler bu süt
bankalarından alınan sütlerin hükmi sonuçları üzerinde ihtilaf etmişlerdir. Bu ihtilafların
tarafları arasında en fazla öne çıkan kurumlar, bu süt bankalarından istifadenin haram olduğu ve haramlığın sabit olduğu gürüşünde olan Uluslararası İslami Fıkıh Akademisi ile; bu süt
bankalarından istifade etmenin caiz olduğu ve haramlığın sabit olmadığı gürüşünü savunan
Avrupa Fetva ve Araştırma Konseyi’dir.
Dolayısıyla bu araştırmada her grubun bu mesele hakkında gürüşü ve delilleri sunulacaktır.
Ayrıca bu tartışmalar neticesinde ulaşılıp tercih edilen gürüş takdim edilecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Süt Bankaları, Emzirmenin Sonucu, Birden Fazla Anneye Ait Sütlerin
Karıştırılması, Uluslararası İslami Fıkıh Akademisi, Avrupa Fetva ve Araştırma Konseyi
Toward Quantifying Ambiguities in Artistic Images
Creators: name: Wang, Xi
name: Bylinskii, Zoya
name: Hertzmann, Aaron
name: Pepperell, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.0; I.3.8

description: It has long been hypothesized that perceptual ambiguities play an important role in aesthetic experience: a work with some ambiguity engages a viewer more than one that does not. However, current frameworks for testing this theory are limited by the availability of stimuli and data collection methods. This paper presents an approach to measuring the perceptual ambiguity of a collection of images. Crowdworkers are asked to describe image content, after different viewing durations. Experiments are performed using images created with Generative Adversarial Networks, using the Artbreeder website. We show that text processing of viewer responses can provide a fine-grained way to measure and describe image ambiguities.
"It's Great Because It's Ran By Us": Empowering Teen Volunteer Discord Moderators to Design Healthy and Engaging Youth-Led Online Communities
Creators: name: Yoon, Jina
name: Zhang, Amy X.
name: Seering, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online communities can offer many benefits for youth including peer learning, cultural expression, and skill development. However, most HCI research on youth-focused online communities has centered communities developed by adults for youth rather than by the youth themselves. In this work, we interviewed 11 teenagers (ages 13-17) who moderate online Discord communities created by youth, for youth. Participants were identified by Discord platform staff as leaders of well-moderated servers through an intensive exam and application-based process. We also interviewed 2 young adults who volunteered as mentors of some of our teen participants. We present our findings about the benefits, motivations, and risks of teen-led online communities, as well as the role of external stakeholders of these youth spaces. We contextualize our work within the broader teen online safety landscape to provide recommendations to better support, encourage, and protect teen moderators and their online communities. This empirical work contributes one of the first studies to date with teen Discord moderators and aims to empower safe youth-led online communities.
Strategies for improving farmer living conditions for sustainable cacao production in Côte d'Ivoire
Creators: name: TOKOU, B. A.
name: CORAL, C.
name: ADOU YAO, C. Y.
name: SIEBER, S.
name: LÖHR, K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ivorian cocoa farming faces multiple economic, ecological and societal challenges, raising concerns about its sustainability and resilience to shocks and constraints. In 2010, the Ivorian government adopted policies to promote agroforestry, zero deforestation and crop diversification. Indeed, agricultural diversification is a strategy to add functional diversity to cropping systems, focusing on the production of range plants, animals and their products. The lack of data on diversification models on cocoa farms makes it difficult to assess ecological and economic effects. In the frame of our study, we focused on internal and external agricultural diversification, that is diversification from crop and non-crop diversification (livestock diversity, off-farm income). While the potential of crop diversification to contribute to the livelihoods of cocoa farmers is well recognized, insights on patterns of diversification on cocoa farms, their incomes, and the motivations for adopting one type of degree to another are still scarce. This information is crucial for choosing the best strategy for growing cocoa while preserving biodiversity and improving the income of farming households. Moreover, we quantified the yields of cocoa production and products from diversification crops, their contribution to the net income of producers, and the benefits of each type of diversification. Finally, we established a typology of the most profitable diversification model. Insights of this study are crucial to deepen public agricultural research in diversification models that suit regional differences, market and food security interests.
Keywords: Crop diversification, Cocoa, Household, Income, Côte d'Ivoire.
The Ramsey property for Operator spaces and noncommutative Choquet simplices
Creators: name: Bartošová, Dana
name: Lopez-Abad, Jordi
name: Lupini, Martino
name: Mbombo, Brice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 05D10, 46L07, Secondary 37B05, 46L05

description: The noncommutative Gurarij space $\mathbb{\mathbb{\mathbb{NG}}}$, initially defined by Oikhberg, is a canonical object in the theory of operator spaces. As the Fra\"ıssé limit of the class of finite-dimensional nuclear operator spaces, it can be seen as the noncommutative analogue of the classical Gurarij Banach space. In this paper, we prove that the automorphism group of $\mathbb{\mathbb{NG}}$ is extremely amenable, i.e.\ any of its actions on compact spaces has a fixed point. The proof relies on the Dual Ramsey Theorem, and a version of the Kechris--Pestov--Todorcevic correspondence in the setting of operator spaces. Recent work of Davidson and Kennedy, building on previous work of Arveson, Effros, Farenick, Webster, and Winkler, among others, shows that nuclear operator systems can be seen as the noncommutative analogue of Choquet simplices. The analogue of the Poulsen simplex in this context is the matrix state space $\mathbb{NP}$ of the Fra\"ıssé limit $A(\mathbb{NP})$ of the class of finite-dimensional nuclear operator systems. We show that the canonical action of the automorphism group of $\mathbb{NP}$ on the compact set $\mathbb{NP}_1$ of unital linear functionals on $A(\mathbb{NP})$ is minimal and it factors onto any minimal action, whence providing a description of the universal minimal flow of \textrm{Aut}$\left( \mathbb{NP}% \right) $.
description: 32 pages. This preprint is partially based on a part of our preprint arXiv:1708.01317, version1
Magnetic Vortex Resonance in Patterned Ferromagnetic Dots
Creators: name: Novosad, V.
name: Fradin, F. Y.
name: Roy, P. E.
name: Buchanan, K.
name: Guslienko, K. Yu.
name: Bader, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a high-resolution experimental detection of the resonant behavior of magnetic vortices confined in small disk-shaped ferromagnetic dots. The samples are magnetically soft Fe-Ni disks of diameter 1.1 and 2.2 um, and thickness 20 and 40 nm patterned via electron beam lithography onto microwave co-planar waveguides. The vortex excitation spectra were probed by a vector network analyzer operating in reflection mode, which records the derivative of the real and the imaginary impedance as a function of frequency. The spectra show well-defined resonance peaks in magnetic fields smaller than the characteristic vortex annihilation field. Resonances at 162 and 272 MHz were detected for 2.2 and 1.1 um disks with thickness 40 nm, respectively. A resonance peak at 83 MHz was detected for 20-nm thick, 2-um diameter disks. The resonance frequencies exhibit weak field dependence, and scale as a function of the dot geometrical aspect ratio. The measured frequencies are well described by micromagnetic and analytical calculations that rely only on known properties of the dots (such as the dot diameter, thickness, saturation magnetization, and exchange stiffness constant) without any adjustable parameters. We find that the observed resonance originates from the translational motion of the magnetic vortex core.
description: submitted to PRB, 17 pages, 5 Figs
الأحكام القضائية الصادرة خلال النزاعات المسلحة غير الدولية ( دراسة في الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الدولي) Judicial Resolutions Issued during non-International Armed Conflicts In Islamic law and international law.
Creators: name: ALJASEM, Baha Eddin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 220403 Islamic Studies
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: The judicial institution is considered one of the basic institutions the state and the
society depend on, but some disorders a country goes through make the operation
of this establishment unstable and in cases of conflicts and international and noninternational wars also. In ancient times, jurists talked about judicial judgments
issued in such circumstances entitled (Rebels Judge) or (Kharijites Judgment) .The
international law tackled this through the second index of Geneva Convention
1949, protocol released in 1977. The research most important findings are that the
Jurisprudence and the law gave general judgments in this issue. The researcher
sees the importance of differentiating between the cases by differentiating between
cases of people involved in the conflict and the disagreements among normal
people and also with resolutions related to civil cases and those related to the
criminal ones.
Influence of the signal light on the transient optical properties of a four-level EIT medium
Creators: name: Shen, Jian-Qi
name: Ruan, Zhi-Chao
name: He, Sailing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General formulae for the transient evolution of the susceptibility (absorption) induced by the quantum interference effect in a four-level N-type EIT medium is presented. The influence of the signal light on the transient susceptibility for the probe beam is studied for two typical cases when the strength of the coupling beam is much greater or less than that of the signal field. An interesting level reciprocity relationship between these two cases is found.
description: 8 pages+3 figures, Latex
The Intersection between Dual Potential and SL(2) Algebraic Spectral Problems
Creators: name: Pannell, William H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relation between certain Hamiltonians, known as dual, or partner Hamiltonians, under the transformation $x{\rightarrow}\bar{x}^{\barα}$ has long been used as a method of simplifying spectral problems in quantum mechanics. This paper seeks to examine this further by expressing such Hamiltonians in terms of the generators of SL(2) algebra, which provides another method of solving spectral problems. It appears that doing so greatly restricts the set of allowable potentials, with the only non-trivial potentials allowed being the Coulomb $\frac{1}{r}$ potential and the Harmonic Oscillator $r^2$ potential, for both of which the SL(2) expression is already known. It also appears that, by utilizing both the partner potential transformation and the formalism of the Lie-algebraic construction of quantum mechanics, it may be possible to construct part of a Hamiltonian's spectrum from the quasi-solvability of its partner Hamiltonian.
description: 11 pages, 0 figures
Financing irrigation services: a literature review and selected case studies from Asia
Creators: name: Small, Leslie E.
name: Adriano, Marietta S.
name: Martin, Edward D.
name: Bhatia, Ramesh
name: Shim, Young K.
name: Pradhan, Prachanda
name: Small, Leslie E.
name: Adriano, Marietta S.
name: Martin, Edward D.
name: Bhatia, Ramesh
name: Shim, Young K.
name: Pradhan, Prachanda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Irrigation management
subject: Irrigation operation
subject: Financing
subject: Resource management
subject: Rehabilitation
subject: User charges
subject: Maintenance costs
subject: Operating costs

description: This study results from a two years' intensive research into a hitherto unexplored area of irrigation management - the aspect of financing irrigation in some Asian countries. The authors have analyzed the relationship between investment costs, level of irrigation fees, cropping intensity, type of crop, and secondary income. The studies conclude that the quality of irrigation system operations and maintenance is affected not only by the amount of resources made available to operate and maintain systems, but also by the institutional arrangements under which they are provided.
Complementary Constraints on Brane Cosmology
Creators: name: Alcaniz, J. S.
name: Zhu, Zong-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The acceleration of the expansion of the universe represents one of the major challenges to our current understanding of fundamental physics. In principle, to explain this phenomenon, at least two different routes may be followed: either adjusting the energy content of the Universe -- by introducing a negative-pressure dark energy -- or modifying gravity at very large scales -- by introducing new spatial dimensions, an idea also required by unification theories. In the cosmological context, the role of such extra dimensions as the source of the dark pressure responsable for the acceleration of our Universe is translated into the so-called brane world (BW) cosmologies. Here we study complementary constraints on a particular class of BW scenarios in which the modification of gravity arises due to a gravitational \emph{leakage} into extra dimensions. To this end, we use the most recent Chandra measurements of the X-ray gas mass fraction in galaxy clusters, the WMAP determinations of the baryon density parameter, measurements of the Hubble parameter from the \emph{HST}, and the current supernova data. In agreement with other recent results, it is shown that these models provide a good description for these complementary data, although a closed scenario is always favored in the joint analysis. We emphasize that observational tests of BW scenarios constitute a natural verification of the role of possible extra dimensions in both fundamental physics and cosmology.
description: 6 Pages, 4 Figures, LaTeX
Vortex dynamics in the region of charge imbalance
Creators: name: Sivakov, A. G.
name: Volotskaya, V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of vortex flows in the nonequilibrium region arising in the vicinity of phase-slip lines at the S-N boundary are investigated experimentally. It is shown that vortices continue to move when charge imbalance appears in a film that is in a dynamic mixed state. The vortex dynamics in this case is determined by the interaction of the vortices with only the superconducting component of the current. This statement is supported by a study of the dynamic mixed state in the nonequilibrium region near the S-N boundary.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, postprint of Short Note published in Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. (now AIP Low Temp. Phys.), see Preface therein
Brownstein's Whole-Partial Derivatives: The Case of the Lorentz Gauge
Creators: name: Chubykalo, A.
name: Espinoza, A.
name: Flores-Alvarado, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this brief note we show that the usual Lorentz gauge is not satisfied by the Lienard-Wiechert potentials, then, using Brownstein's concept of "whole-partial" derivatives we introduce the generalized expression for the Lorentz gauge showing that it is satisfied by the LW-potentials.
description: 18 pages
PHA4GE infrastructure working group: Framework for compute infrastructure for pathogen genomics labs
Creators: name: Van Heusden, Peter
name: Park, Daniel
name: Alikhan, Nabil
name: Sevinsky, Joel
name: Soyean Kim
name: Underwood, Anthony
name: Florek, Kelsey
name: Lagesen, Karin
name: Maslamoney, Suresh
name: PHA4GE Infrastructure Working Group
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2022

description: In the past decade pathogen genomics has matured from its origins in research into a tool for diagnostics and public health. As an increasing number of public health and veterinary laboratories embrace pathogen sequencing, sequence analysis and bioinformatics they find themselves needed IT infrastructure that many institutions are not familiar with. Understanding the IT requirements and available infrastructure options is paramount to effectively and timely deployment of these news methods. The PHA4GE Infrastructure Working Group was formed in December 2019 to provide recommendations on available and appropriate infrastructure choices for pathogen genomic labs. We present here a framework that can assist emerging pathogen genomics labs in their IT infrastructure decision making.
Quantum Phase Transitions and Bipartite Entanglement
Creators: name: Wu, Lian-Ao
name: Sarandy, Marcelo S.
name: Lidar, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a general theory of the relation between quantum phase transitions (QPTs) characterized by nonanalyticities in the energy and bipartite entanglement. We derive a functional relation between the matrix elements of two-particle reduced density matrices and the eigenvalues of general two-body Hamiltonians of $d$-level systems. The ground state energy eigenvalue and its derivatives, whose non-analyticity characterizes a QPT, are directly tied to bipartite entanglement measures. We show that first-order QPTs are signalled by density matrix elements themselves and second-order QPTs by the first derivative of density matrix elements. Our general conclusions are illustrated via several quantum spin models.
description: 5 pages, incl. 2 figures. v3: The version published in PRL, including a few extra comments and clarifications for which there was no space in the PRL
On some properties of the fourth-rank hadronic vacuum polarization tensor and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon
Creators: name: Knecht, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some short-distance properties of the fourth-rank hadronic vacuum polarization tensor are re-examined.Their consequences are critically discussed in the context of the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.
description: Latex2e, 19 pages
title: Reducing Embodied Carbon in the Built Environment: The Role of Environmental Product Declarations
Creators: name: Anderson, Jane
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2023

description: The embodied carbon of construction, caused by the production, transport, installation, maintenance and disposal of construction products, accounts for 12% of global CO2 emissions. However concerns about the availability and variation of embodied carbon data have been cited as barriers to the widespread adoption of embodied carbon assessment and regulation.


This thesis examines these concerns through an analysis of embodied carbon data, including Environmental Product Declarations (EPD), for construction products. It describes the use and value of embodied carbon data and EPD by experienced UK embodied carbon practitioners. It addresses the availability of EPD globally, finding exponential growth in the number of EPD and considering the causes driving this growth. It provides an overview of EPD and embodied carbon data for the UK and finds similar availability as other countries when embodied carbon regulation was introduced. The increasing number of EPD has itself the potential to offer further insights. Using a quantitative meta-analysis of impacts from cement and concrete, steel, brick, and timber EPD, aleatory variability is found to explain the wide variation, and a typology of causes is proposed. The concept of EPD Landscapes is developed to visualise this variability within materials, providing a new approach to EPD analysis and an essential resource for stakeholders. The role of renewable energy in EPD is also explored, developing EPD Energy Arrays to identify products which have reduced both fossil and total primary energy demand, but raising concern of correlation between increasing the proportion of renewable energy and increased primary energy.


As the construction industry starts on its journey towards net zero, this thesis combines the previously poorly connected knowledge of EPD in industry and academia, with a major and innovative analysis, providing new knowledge of direct relevance for multiple stakeholders looking to reduce the embodied carbon of the built environment.
Free-To-Use, Open access microscopy for biomedical research: the Africa Microscopy Initiative (AMI)
Creators: name: Teng-Leong Chew
name: Jacobs, Caron
name: Mizrahi, Valerie
name: Reiche, Michael
name: Digby Warner
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2022

description: The Africa Microscopy Initiative (AMI) aims to promote the utilization of microscopy as fundamental tool in biomedical and life sciences research by enabling free access to advanced imaging technology and expertise, as well as providing training and networking opportunities for scientists in Africa. Designed according to the SOAR principle – Scalability, Opportunity, Accessibility and Resources – AMI comprises five key pillars: First, the AMI Imaging Center, a purpose-built laboratory that serves as both a free-to-use, open-access microscopy resource and an incubator of next-generation imaging technologies, while also providing a platform for imaging education and training. Consistent with this mandate, the AMI Imaging Center contains a sophisticated suite of advanced microscopy equipment supported by technical and scientific expertise, with facilitated access ensured for all projects selected. Second, the Program for Equipment Exchange and Reutilization (PEER) constitutes the lynchpin in the plan to develop microscopy infrastructure across the continent and is informed by the potential to locate pre-owned and/or demonstration instruments in qualifying laboratories. Third, Imaging Africa, an innovative bootcamp course in optical microscopy theory and image analysis developed exclusively for life scientists from Africa, is an established highlight of AMI’s centralized educational program. Fourth, Partners in Teaching (PiTCH) will pair an early-career core facility manager in the USA or Europe with a counterpart in Africa and provide the team an opportunity to plan and host an optical microscopy workshop in the home institution of the African partner, thereby ensuring the elements critical for sustainability and impact. Finally, the Microscopy Matters website will provide online resources including webinars developed by Imaging Africa and PiTCH alumni, entrenching the sense of shared community resources which underpins AMI’s distributed educational program. In summary, by complementing instrument access with expertise and training, it is envisaged that AMI will serve as crucible for the development of a sustainable, vibrant community of microscopy and imaging experts across the continent, while also serving as catalyst for additional, related initiatives aimed at ensuring barriers to microscopy awareness and utilization are eroded.
Land settlement planning for improved irrigation management: a case study of the Kirindi Oya Irrigation and Settlement Project
Creators: name: Stanbury, Pamela
name: Stanbury, Pamela
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land use
subject: Settlement patterns
subject: Irrigation management
subject: Irrigated farming
subject: Farmer-agency interactions
subject: Farmers associations
subject: Economic aspects
subject: Irrigation programs
subject: Irrigable land
subject: Farmer participation

description: This paper analyzes the impact of settlement policies on irrigation management in a new irrigated settlement scheme in southern Sri Lanka based on field research in 1988. It provides policy recommendations for improvements on this scheme and in future schemes.
The spin-temperature dependence of the 21cm -- LAE cross-correlation
Creators: name: Heneka, Caroline
name: Mesinger, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cross-correlating 21cm with known cosmic signals will be invaluable proof of the cosmic origin of the first 21cm detections. As some of the widest fields available, comprising thousands of sources with reasonably known redshifts, narrow-band Lyman alpha emitter (LAE) surveys are an obvious choice for such cross-correlation. Here we revisit the 21cm -- LAE cross-correlation, relaxing the common assumption of reionization occurring in a pre-heated intergalactic medium (IGM). Using specifications from the Square Kilometre Array and the Subary Hyper Supreme-Cam, we present new forecasts of the 21cm -- LAE cross-correlation function at $z\sim7$. We sample a broad parameter space of the mean IGM neutral fraction and spin temperature, ($\bar{x}_{\rm{HI}}$, $\bar{T}_{\rm S}$). The sign of the cross-correlation roughly follows the sign of the 21cm signal: ionized regions which surround LAEs correspond to relative hot spots in the 21cm signal when the neutral IGM is colder than the CMB, and relative cold spots when the neutral IGM is hotter than the CMB. The amplitude of the cross-correlation function generally increases with increasing $\bar{x}_{\rm{HI}}$, following the increasing bias of the cosmic HII regions. As is the case for 21cm, the strongest cross signal occurs when the IGM is colder than the CMB, providing a large contrast between the neutral regions and the ionized regions which host LAEs. We also vary the topology of reionization and the epoch of X-ray heating. The cross-correlation during the first half of reionization is sensitive to these topologies, and could thus be used to constrain them.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
SPIN Physics at GSI
Creators: name: Rathmann, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarized antiprotons produced by spin filtering with an internal polarized gas target provide access to a wealth of single-- and double--spin observables, thereby opening a window to physics uniquely accessible with the HESR at FAIR. This includes a first measurement of the transversity distribution of the valence quarks in the proton, a test of the predicted opposite sign of the Sivers--function, related to the quark distribution inside a transversely polarized nucleon, in Drell--Yan (DY) as compared to semi--inclusive DIS, and a first measurement of the moduli and the relative phase of the time--like electric and magnetic form factors G_{E,M} of the proton. In polarized and unpolarized proton--antiproton elastic scattering open questions like the contribution from the odd charge--symmetry Landshoff--mechanism at large |t| and spin--effects in the extraction of the forward scattering amplitude at low |t| can be addressed.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. Contribution to the Proceedings of the 16th International Spin Physics Symposium, Spin 2004, October 10-16, 2004, Trieste, Italy. This replacement takes into account a request of the conference organizers that for invited talks only a single author is allowed. Also upon request of the conference organizers, a footnote (c) was added, which explains that some of the material presented was developed only after the oral presentation at the conference
Quantum Fidelity Decay of Quasi-Integrable Systems
Creators: name: Weinstein, Yaakov S.
name: Hellberg, C. Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show, via numerical simulations, that the fidelity decay behavior of quasi-integrable systems is strongly dependent on the location of the initial coherent state with respect to the underlying classical phase space. In parallel to classical fidelity, the quantum fidelity generally exhibits Gaussian decay when the perturbation affects the frequency of periodic phase space orbits and power-law decay when the perturbation changes the shape of the orbits. For both behaviors the decay rate also depends on initial state location. The spectrum of the initial states in the eigenbasis of the system reflects the different fidelity decay behaviors. In addition, states with initial Gaussian decay exhibit a stage of exponential decay for strong perturbations. This elicits a surprising phenomenon: a strong perturbation can induce a higher fidelity than a weak perturbation of the same type.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, to be published Phys. Rev. E
On the vorticity of the Universe
Creators: name: Palle, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent analyses of the first-year WMAP data claim large-scale asymmetry and anisotropy of the CMBR fluctuations. We argue that the covariant and gauge invariant treatment of density fluctuations formulated by Ellis and Bruni can explain the asymmetric and anisotropic WMAP data by including the vorticity of the Universe. It appears that the spatial gradients of the density contrast are proportional to the vorticity of the Universe, thus allowing measurements and quantifications of the magnitude and axis of the possible cosmological rotation.
description: 7 pages, published version
Contested credibility of fibromyalgia within medical, legal, and insurance contexts
Creators: name: Le Page, Judy Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a controversial diagnosis that has been associated with considerable personal and occupational disability. The difficulty in determining the credibility of reported pain and disability in FM has perplexed the various disciplines involved in this process. The purpose of this dissertation was to take a multidisciplinary approach and examine the complexities of FM as faced by patients, the medical and legal system, and the insurance industry. Two independent, yet related, studies comprise this dissertation, each examining aspects of the various perspectives involved in disability claims for FM. Study 1 was more exploratory in nature and involved a systematic review of every trial-by-judge litigated FM claim in Canada (N=194) up to 2003. The cases were examined in relation to demographic, insurance, and credibility factors. The demographic factors revealed a gender disparity of women (84%) plaintiffs, and a disproportionate number of FM cases litigated in British Columbia (61%). Insurance related factors indicated that although surveillance information played a role in disability determinations for FM, the credibility of that information was central to the amount of award granted. Plaintiff credibility played a similar role, indicating that plaintiffs perceived as more credible were typically granted greater awards. An examination of medical expert credibility revealed that judges appear to perceive experts as more credible overall than plaintiffs, regardless of the expert's familiarity level with the plaintiff. The purpose of Study 2 was to examine the phenomenology of exaggeration and the deliberate portrayal of excessive disability in patients with FM. Fifty-four patients with FM completed a variety of psychological, physical, functional, and symptom validity measures twice. In one session, patients were instructed to complete the tests and measures in a manner that was "normal" for them, while patients were instructed to "exaggerate" pain and disability associated with FM in the other session. There were medium to large differences associated with exaggeration on some of the self-report measures of physical, functional, and psychological status. The subjects did not, however, exaggerate on the symptom validity tests. Although multiple cutoff scores exceeded single test scores in the identification of exaggerators in most cases, the false negative rate remained moderate to high. These findings suggest that patients with FM can exaggerate their disability on self-report measures in a plausible manner.
Integral flow and cycle chip-firing on graphs
Creators: name: Dochtermann, Anton
name: Meyers, Eli
name: Samavedan, Raghav
name: Yi, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C50, 15B35, 05C10, 05C05

description: Motivated by the notion of chip-firing on the dual graph of a planar graph, we consider `integral flow chip-firing' on an arbitrary graph $G$. The chip-firing rule is governed by ${\mathcal L}^*(G)$, the dual Laplacian of $G$ determined by choosing a basis for the lattice of integral flows on $G$. We show that any graph admits such a basis so that ${\mathcal L}^*(G)$ is an $M$-matrix, leading to a firing rule on these basis elements that is avalanche finite. This follows from a more general result on bases of integral lattices that may be of independent interest. Our results provide a notion of $z$-superstable flow configurations that are in bijection with the set of spanning trees of $G$. We show that for planar graphs, as well as for the graphs $K_5$ and $K_{3,3}$, one can find such a flow M-basis that consists of cycles of the underlying graph. We consider the question for arbitrary graphs and address some open questions.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures; v2: typos fixed, other minor changes; v3: title change, author name corrected, some changes in terminology, other corrections and minor revisions incorporating comments from referees