cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optical signatures of multifold fermions in the chiral topological semimetal CoSi
Creators: name: Xu, B.
name: Fang, Z.
name: Sánchez-Martínez, M. A.
name: Venderbos, J. W. F.
name: Ni, Z.
name: Qiu, T.
name: Manna, K.
name: Wang, K.
name: Paglione, J.
name: Bernhard, C.
name: Felser, C.
name: Mele, E. J.
name: Grushin, A. G.
name: Rappe, A. M.
name: Wu, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the optical conductivity in high-quality crystals of the chiral topological semimetal CoSi, which hosts exotic quasiparticles known as multifold fermions. We find that the optical response is separated into several distinct regions as a function of frequency, each dominated by different types of quasiparticles. The low-frequency intraband response is captured by a narrow Drude peak from a high-mobility electron pocket of double Weyl quasi-particles, and the temperature dependence of the spectral weight is consistent with its Fermi velocity. By subtracting the low-frequency sharp Drude and phonon peaks at low temperatures, we reveal two intermediate quasi-linear inter-band contributions separated by a kink at 0.2 eV. Using Wannier tight-binding models based on first-principle calculations, we link the optical conductivity above and below 0.2 eV to interband transitions near the double Weyl fermion and a threefold fermion, respectively. We analyze and determine the chemical potential relative to the energy of the threefold fermion, revealing the importance of transitions between a linearly dispersing band and a flat band. More strikingly, below 0.1 eV our data are best explained if spin-orbit coupling is included, suggesting that at these energies the optical response is governed by transitions between a previously unobserved four-fold spin-3/2 node and a Weyl node. Our comprehensive combined experimental and theoretical study provides a way to resolve different types of multifold fermions in CoSi at different energy. More broadly our results provide the necessary basis to interpret the burgeoning set of optical and transport experiments in chiral topological semimetals.
Platyxanion seyrigi Madl & Achterberg 2014, new combination
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Platyxanion
Platyxanion seyrigi

description: Platyxanion seyrigi (GRANGER 1949) new combination
 Amicrocentrum seyrigi n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 373 (key), 374 (descr. ♂ ♀), 374 (fig. 380).
 Amicrocentrum seyrigi GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1969: 141 (cat.).
 Amicrocentrum (Platyxanion) seyrigi GRANGER 1949: VAN ACHTERBERG 1979: 4 (tax.), 6 (tax.), 10 (key), 11 (typ. subgen., tax., descr. ♂ ♀, Madagascar), 19 (figs 6-12), 20 (figs 13-17).
D i s t r i b u t i o n Madagascar: Prov. Antsiranana: Iharana (Vohemar) – Prov.
Toamasina: Analandravaka – Prov. Toliara: Bekily, Fort Dauphin, Ranomafana (leg.
Seyrig).
Endemic.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
Adversarial EXEmples: A Survey and Experimental Evaluation of Practical Attacks on Machine Learning for Windows Malware Detection
Creators: name: Demetrio, Luca
name: Coull, Scott E.
name: Biggio, Battista
name: Lagorio, Giovanni
name: Armando, Alessandro
name: Roli, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent work has shown that adversarial Windows malware samples - referred to as adversarial EXEmples in this paper - can bypass machine learning-based detection relying on static code analysis by perturbing relatively few input bytes. To preserve malicious functionality, previous attacks either add bytes to existing non-functional areas of the file, potentially limiting their effectiveness, or require running computationally-demanding validation steps to discard malware variants that do not correctly execute in sandbox environments. In this work, we overcome these limitations by developing a unifying framework that does not only encompass and generalize previous attacks against machine-learning models, but also includes three novel attacks based on practical, functionality-preserving manipulations to the Windows Portable Executable (PE) file format. These attacks, named Full DOS, Extend and Shift, inject the adversarial payload by respectively manipulating the DOS header, extending it, and shifting the content of the first section. Our experimental results show that these attacks outperform existing ones in both white-box and black-box scenarios, achieving a better trade-off in terms of evasion rate and size of the injected payload, while also enabling evasion of models that have been shown to be robust to previous attacks. To facilitate reproducibility of our findings, we open source our framework and all the corresponding attack implementations as part of the secml-malware Python library. We conclude this work by discussing the limitations of current machine learning-based malware detectors, along with potential mitigation strategies based on embedding domain knowledge coming from subject-matter experts directly into the learning process.
Monetary arrangements in the European Common Market
Creators: name: BALASSA, B.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Exchange rate system, financial arrangements, EEC, European integration, trade, adjustment rules
subject: E42, F36, F33

description: The Jamaica Agreement essentially grants every country the freedom to determine its own exchange rate system, thus confirming a situation characterised by a wide variety of national arrangements. This situation has given rise to considerable uncertainty as regards trade and capital movements. The present work argues that greater stability in financial arrangements among the EEC countries would reduce uncertainty and contribute to harmonious economic development in the European area. Specifically, the author makes proposals for the adoption of a three-pronged approach to lessening uncertainty in trade and payments and to strengthening the European integration process. The proposals include establishing rules for exchange rate adjustments, harmonising national economic policies and creating a parallel currency, the Europa. JEL: E42, F36, F33
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 29, N. 119 (1976)
Compensation and its systematics in spin-1/2 Ising trilayered triangular ferrimagnet
Creators: name: Chandra, Soham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trilayered, Ising, spin-1/2, ferrimagnets are an interesting subject for simulational studies for they show compensation effect. A Monte Carlo study on such a system with sublayers on triangular lattice is performed in the current work. Three layers, making up the bulk, is formed completely by either A or B type of atoms. The interactions between like atoms (A-A; B-B) are ferromagnetic and between unlike ones (A-B) are anti-ferromagnetic. Thus the system has three coupling constants and manifests into two distinct trilayer compositions: AAB and ABA. Metropolis single spin flip algorithm is employed for the simulation and the location of the critical points (sublattice magnetisations vanish, leading to zero bulk magnetisation) and the compensation points (bulk magnetisation vanishes but nonzero sublattice magnetisations exist) are estimated. Close range simulations with variable lattice sizes for compensation point and Binder's cumulant crossing technique for critical points are employed for analysis and conditions for the existence of compensation points are determined. Comprehensive phase diagrams are obtained in the Hamiltonian parameter space and morphological studies at critical and compensation temperatures for both the configurations are also reported. The alternative description in terms of Inverse absolute of reduced residual magnetisation and Temperature interval between Critical and Compensation temperatures is also proposed and compared with traditional simulational results. Such simulational studies and the proposed systematics of compensation effect are useful in designing materials for specific technological applications.
description: Regular article. 17 pages, 17 Colour figures. Comments are welcome via e-mail
Aphidius (Aphidius) seyrigi GRANGER 1949
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Aphidius
Aphidius seyrigi

description: Aphidius (Aphidius) seyrigi GRANGER 1949
 Aphidius seyrigi n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 410 (descr. ♂ ♀, Madagascar), 411 (fig. 425).
 Aphidius seyrigi GRANGER 1949: BENOIT 1957: 316 (Réunion).
 Aphidius seyrigi GRANGER 1949: NARAYANAN, SUBBAO Rao & SHARMA 1960: 565 (cat.). Aphidius seyrigi GRANGER 1949: MACKAUER & STARÝ 1967: 79 (cat.).
 Aphidius seyrigi GRANGER 1949: MACKAUER 1968: 55 (cat.).
 Aphidius seyrigi GRANGER 1949: STARÝ 2005: 1712 (tax., cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n Madagascar: Prov. Antananarivo: near Antananarivo – Prov. Toliara: Bekily – Réunion: Réunion.
Endemic to the Malagasy subregion.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
Blacus decaryi GRANGER 1949
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Blacus
Blacus decaryi

description: Blacus decaryi GRANGER 1949
 Blacus decaryi n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 331 (descr. ♂, fig. 342, Madagascar).
 Blacus decaryi GRANGER 1949: DOCAVO ALBERTI 1960: pl. 20 (fig. 18).
 Blacus decaryi GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1969: 18 (cat.).
 Blacus (Tapheion) decaryi GRANGER 1949: VAN ACHTERBERG 1976: 187 (key), 191 (tax., descr. ♂, Madagascar), 265 (figs 102-107).
 Blacus decaryi GRANGER 1949: VAN ACHTERBERG 1988: 147 (key), 159 (cat.), 313 (figs 1197- 1202).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina: Amparafaravola.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
Eubazus (Calyptus) gaullei GRANGER 1949, new combination
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Eubazus
Eubazus gaullei

description: Eubazus (Calyptus) gaullei GRANGER 1949 new combination
 Calyptus gaullei n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 332 (figs 343, 344), 333 (descr. ♀, Madagascar).
 Calyptus gaulleri (!) GRANGER 1949: DOCAVO ALBERTI 1960: pl. 20 (fig. 115).
 Eubadizon gaullei (GRANGER 1949): SHENEFELT 1970: 237 (tax., cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: without locality.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
The impact of massive neutrinos on halo assembly bias
Creators: name: Lazeyras, Titouan
name: Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco
name: Viel, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the publicly available Quijote simulations, we present the first measurements of the assembly bias of dark matter halos in N-body simulations which include massive neutrinos. We focus on the dependence of the linear bias $b_1$ on three halo properties: 1) concentration $c$, 2) spin $λ$, and 3) ellipticity $s$. Although these simulations cover a large volume, superior to any future surveys, we do not detect any effect of neutrinos on the relations $b_1(c)$, $b_1(λ)$ and $b_1(s)$ at fixed halo mass. We further study the dependence of halo properties and environment on neutrinos, finding these quantities to be impacted by neutrino masses at the same level as assembly bias. We find that the effect of neutrinos on spin and shape can be largely attributed to the change in the cold dark matter $σ_8$ in neutrinos simulations, which is not the case for concentration.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, v2: minor modifications through the paper. Version accepted by JCAP
World inflation, the developing countries, and “an integrated programme for commodities”
Creators: name: JOHNSON, H.G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: World inflation, developing countries, economic growth, international monetary system
subject: E31, E42

description: The paper looks at world inflation, the problems it poses for developing countries and what they can do to facilitate a return to conditions of stable world economic growth. The author first reviews the concept of world inflation and its evolution, noting that it was well under way before the collapse of the international monetary system in 1973. The issues facing developing countries are then dealt with, and in particular the special problems that have resulted from world inflation. Finally, the New International Economic Order and the “Integrated Programme for Commodities” are analysed. JEL: E31, E42
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 29, N. 119 (1976)
Paddling against the current : a history of women's competitive international rowing between 1954 and 2003
Creators: name: Schweinbenz, Amanda Nicole
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In 1954, the Fédération International Sociétés d'Aviron (FISA) hosted the first Women's European Rowing Championships in Maçon, France. Although FISA had never before formally recognized women's competitive international rowing, oarswomen around the world had been active participants for years, competing not only in local and national regattas, but international as well. Despite the historical evidence that women could indeed race at an international level, FISA delegates, all of whom were men, saw fit to curtail women's international participation by shortening the women's racing distance to half of that required of the men and restricting the number and types of events in which women raced. While international oarswomen were limited, these constraints were not completely restrictive. Rather, the introduction of women's races at the European championships created opportunities for oarswomen to display publicly their physical and athletic capabilities while challenging social and historical discourses regarding appropriate female appearance and athletic participation. Since this inaugural event in 1954, female athletes, coaches, and administrators have sought to achieve gender equity in a sport typically associated with men and masculinity. Female rowing enthusiasts pressed to increase opportunities for all oarswomen by negotiating with male sporting administrators to have women's competitive international rowing recognized on the same level as men's rowing. By 2003, their combined efforts, aided by some supportive male coaches and rowing administrators, culminated in the admission of oarswomen to the European championships, the world championships, and the Olympic Games, the change of women's racing distance from 1000 metres to 2000 metres, and the introduction of lightweight women's events at the world championships and Olympic Games. This dissertation examines the complex negotiations that have taken place since 1954 and the context in which they occurred through the use of data collected from archival material and in-depth interviews with current and former female administrators, athletes, and coaches, to document and examine the history of women's competitive international rowing between 1954 and 2003.
title: Rural industrialisation, urbanisation and infant mortality in Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire, 1879-1910 : a vaccination register study
Creators: name: James, Tricia
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2007

description: In this study the experience of infants born between 1879 and 1910 is examined to determine whether the urban-rural effect seen in larger, more industrial settings was also present in a small town set in a rural community. The area researched is the Higham Ferrers registration sub-district in Northamptonshire where industrialisation of shoemaking took place from the 1870s with consequent urbanisation of Rushden:the main manufacturing centre. Urbanisation brought with it a surge in population that overwhelmed local resources and caused deterioration of the physical environment.

The central data source used was the hitherto largely unknown smallpox vaccination birth and infant death registers which were available for the Higham Ferrers district sub-district from 1879 to 1910. These, together with a range of contemporaneous local information, provided a rich source of social and biographical information and permitted a rare opportunity to situate the infants within their family context.

The study has explored the well-documented urban-rural differences in infant mortality and shown that these were present in the Higham Ferrers despite the sizes of the parishes involved. The situation was far from straight forward however and the influences on the infant experience were found to be numerous and to have operated in a variety of different but interconnected levels: community, family and individual infant.
A note on inflation, unemployment and economic growth
Creators: name: MAGNIFICO, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Inflation, monetary, fiscal, growth, employment, policy
subject: E31, E24, E52, E62

description: Although even before the end of World War II the world was preparing itself to fight a relapse into stagnation, the harrowing role inflation was to have as a constant in the post-war economic scene was scarcely perceived. This resulted in several countries’ policy makers being caught off guard, with inflation proving to be a most intractable problem. The present article argues for a shift in emphasis in economic policy from monetary and fiscal issues towards growth, its determinants and its relationship to anti-inflation policies. The evolution of thinking on the problem of inflation is first considered. Employment and growth are then analysed in relation to inflation and economic policy. The author points out that full-employment and growth are neither synonymous nor interchangeable. JEL: E31, E24, E52, E62
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 29, N. 119 (1976)
Universal relations for hybridized $s$- and $p$-wave interactions from spin-orbital coupling
Creators: name: Qin, Fang
name: Zhang, Pengfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the universal relations for one-dimensional spin-orbital-coupled fermions near both $s$- and $p$-wave resonances using effective field theory. Since the spin-orbital coupling mixes different partial waves, a contact matrix is introduced to capture the non-trivial correlation between dimers. We find the signature of the spin-orbital coupling appears at the leading order for the off-diagonal components of the momentum distribution matrix, which is proportional to $1/q^{3}$ ($q$ is the relative momentum). We further derive the large frequency behavior of the Raman spectroscopy, which serves as an independent measurable quantity for contacts. Finally, we give an explicit example of contacts by considering a two-body problem.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, update references, published version
Spre un tratat de convergență cu Republica Moldova. Provocarea României pentru o relație coerentă dincolo de Prut
Creators: name: Blidaru, Madalin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science

description: România este un actor care a acționat în ultimii 30 de ani sub potențial pentru îmbunătățirea nivelului de trai din Republica Moldova, în timp ce Rusia și Ucraina au renunțat la oferirea unui sprijin real. Cooperarea României cu Republica Moldova are nevoie de un nou impuls. Dincolo de declarații și strategii, semnarea și ratificarea unui tratat de convergență între România și Republica Moldova, înscris în limitele integrării europene, poate contribui la sporirea coerenței și aprofundării cooperării dintre cele două state într-un mod predictibil, rațional și executoriu, cu beneficii pentru populațiile din ambele părți ale Prutului. Este un pas dincolo de cadrul strategic bilateral bazat pe acordul dintre Republica Moldova și Uniunea Europeană, dar mergând pe un sprijin susținut din partea României. Dezvoltarea acestui instrument de cooperare pe termen lung trebuie să fie bazată pe includerea tuturor factorilor politici. Considerații privind necesitatea, alternativele politice și pașii pentru concretizarea eficientă și inclusivă a unui astfel de instrument sunt dezvoltate în acest material.
Förderung der simultanen und quasi-simultanen Anzahlerfassung mit Regelspielen
Creators: name: Schwitter, Monika
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Schulische Heilpädagogik
Mathematikunterricht
Spiel
Zählen
Masterarbeit

description: Diese Masterarbeit hat zum Ziel, aufzuzeigen, inwiefern sich durch eine Spielbegleitung die Fähigkeiten der Kinder bezüglich der simultanen und quasi-simultanen Anzahlerfassung verändern. Die Intervention fand mit Kindern im zweiten Kindergartenjahr statt. Im Projekt wurden drei Fokuskinder während ihrer Spieltätigkeit durch die Pädagogin begleitet. Diese Spiel- und Lernbegleitung umfasste das Aufgreifen mathematischer Inhalte im Spiel und das Hinführen der Kinder zu zielfördernden Strategien. Die Dokumentation der Veränderungen erfolgte mittels einer teilnehmenden Beobachtung. Das Projekt beinhaltete zwei unterschiedliche Rollen der Lehrperson: Als Forscherin führte sie gleichzeitig die Intervention durch. Dies entspricht dem Konzept der Aktionsforschung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass durch das Spielen von Regelspielen mathematische Fortschritte in der Anzahlerfassung gemacht werden können.
Model Agnostic Multilevel Explanations
Creators: name: Ramamurthy, Karthikeyan Natesan
name: Vinzamuri, Bhanukiran
name: Zhang, Yunfeng
name: Dhurandhar, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, post-hoc local instance-level and global dataset-level explainability of black-box models has received a lot of attention. Much less attention has been given to obtaining insights at intermediate or group levels, which is a need outlined in recent works that study the challenges in realizing the guidelines in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In this paper, we propose a meta-method that, given a typical local explainability method, can build a multilevel explanation tree. The leaves of this tree correspond to the local explanations, the root corresponds to the global explanation, and intermediate levels correspond to explanations for groups of data points that it automatically clusters. The method can also leverage side information, where users can specify points for which they may want the explanations to be similar. We argue that such a multilevel structure can also be an effective form of communication, where one could obtain few explanations that characterize the entire dataset by considering an appropriate level in our explanation tree. Explanations for novel test points can be cost-efficiently obtained by associating them with the closest training points. When the local explainability technique is generalized additive (viz. LIME, GAMs), we develop a fast approximate algorithm for building the multilevel tree and study its convergence behavior. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique based on two human studies -- one with experts and the other with non-expert users -- on real world datasets, and show that we produce high fidelity sparse explanations on several other public datasets.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Eubazus (Eubazus) testaceipes GRANGER 1949, new combination
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Eubazus
Eubazus testaceipes

description: Eubazus (Eubazus) testaceipes GRANGER 1949 new combination
 Eubazus testaceipes n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 332 (fig. 345), 334 (descr. ♂ ♀, Madagascar). Eubadizon testaceipes (GRANGER 1949): SHENEFELT 1970: 248 (tax., cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina: Andekaleka (Rogez).
Endemic.
 Eubazus (Eubadizon) testaceipes GRANGER 1949 is a junior homonym of Eubazus (Calyptus) testaceipes (GRESE 1928). We do not propose a new name, because the subfamily is in need of revision.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
பண்டைய இலக்கியங்களில் அறிவியல் சிந்தனைகள்.pdf
Creators: name: D, Maheswari
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200520 Indian Literature
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200315 Indian Languages
subject: 200202 Asian Cultural Studies
subject: FOS: Other humanities
subject: 200599 Literary Studies not elsewhere classified

description: இக்கட்டுரை பண்டைய இலக்கியங்களில் அறிவியல் சிந்தனையை வெளிப்படுத்துகின்றது.
How do Farm Households Cope with Aggregate Shocks? Evidence from the Great Depression in Prewar Japan
Creators: name: Fujie, Takeshi
name: Senda, Tetsuji
name: Fujie, Takeshi
name: Senda, Tetsuji
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: coping behavior
subject: aggregate shock
subject: the Great Depression
subject: prewar Japan

description: This paper employs panel data for farm households from prewar Japan to examine how they coped with shortfalls in farm income and farm assets after the Great Depression, which encompasses the financial crisis of 1930. The depression caused two significant shocks in rural Japan: (i) a decrease in farm income due to a rapid decrease in the prices of farm products (farm income shock); and (ii) a decrease in farm assets (farm asset shock). We examined the coping strategies, which included changes in non-farm labor supply, farmland use, hired labor demand, and input use. Although the Great Depression greatly impacted farm households in Japan, so far few studies have quantitatively made an economic evaluation of its impacts, especially by econometric analysis. We used panel data for farm households during the Great Depression in prewar Japan to investigate whether covariate shocks induced by the depression affected farmland use, the non-farm labor supply, hired labor demand, and the input use of farm households. Estimation results show that farm households maintained the amount of arable land, increased the non-farm labor supply, and decreased the use of fertilizer to cope with farm income shock and farm asset shock. This indicates that the aggregate shocks from the Great Depression led to the stagnation of agricultural growth in Japan. We also found that small or medium landlords expanded the amount of arable land. This implicitly supports the results of previous studies asserting that small or medium landlords claimed restored tenanted land from peasants after the Great Depression.
Recent developments in the Italian banking system
Creators: name: CONIGLIANI, C.
name: PADOA-SCHIOPPA, T.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italy, finance, financial intermediaries, monetary policy, Italian banking system, capital market
subject: E52, G21, G28

description: Finance in Italy over the past two decades is characterised by the contrast between the relative stability of the institutional structure of financial intermediaries on the one hand and the far-reaching changes in the instruments of monetary policy and even composition of credit flows, on the other. The present work examines certain aspects of the recent activities of financial intermediaries in Italy and takes stock of the present situation. The authors consider the increasing need for credit transformation, the institutional constraints, direct and indirect transformation, and other links between financial intermediaries. It is suggested that the disequilibria to be observed in the structure of the Italian capital market and credit institutions may simply reflect disequilibria in the non-financial institutions. JEL: E52, G21, G28
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 29, N. 119 (1976)
A mismatch between self-efficacy and performance: Undergraduate women in engineering tend to have lower self-efficacy despite earning higher grades than men
Creators: name: Whitcomb, Kyle M.
name: Kalender, Z. Yasemin
name: Nokes-Malach, Timothy J.
name: Schunn, Christian D.
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a significant underrepresentation of women in many Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) majors and careers. Prior research has shown that self-efficacy can be a critical factor in student learning, and that there is a tendency for women to have lower self-efficacy than men in STEM disciplines. This study investigates gender differences in the relationship between engineering students' self-efficacy and course grades in foundational courses. By focusing on engineering students, we examined these gender differences simultaneously in four STEM disciplines (mathematics, engineering, physics, and chemistry) among the same population. Using survey data collected longitudinally at three time points and course grade data from five cohorts of engineering students at a large US-based research university, effect sizes of gender differences are calculated using Cohen's d on two measures: responses to survey items on discipline-specific self-efficacy and course grades in all first-year foundational courses and second-year mathematics courses. In engineering, physics, and mathematics courses, we find sizeable discrepancies between self-efficacy and performance, with men appearing significantly more confident than women despite small or reverse direction differences in grades. In chemistry, women earn higher grades and have higher self-efficacy. The patterns are consistent across courses within each discipline. All self-efficacy gender differences close by the fourth year except physics self-efficacy. The disconnect between self-efficacy and course grades across subjects provides useful clues for targeted interventions to promote equitable learning environments. The most extreme disconnect occurs in physics and may help explain the severe underrepresentation of women in "physics-heavy" engineering disciplines, highlighting the importance of such interventions.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Spre un tratat de convergență cu Republica Moldova.pdf
Creators: name: Blidaru, Madalin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science

description: România este un actor care a acționat în ultimii 30 de ani sub potențial pentru îmbunătățirea nivelului de trai din Republica Moldova, în timp ce Rusia și Ucraina au renunțat la oferirea unui sprijin real. Cooperarea României cu Republica Moldova are nevoie de un nou impuls. Dincolo de declarații și strategii, semnarea și ratificarea unui tratat de convergență între România și Republica Moldova, înscris în limitele integrării europene, poate contribui la sporirea coerenței și aprofundării cooperării dintre cele două state într-un mod predictibil, rațional și executoriu, cu beneficii pentru populațiile din ambele părți ale Prutului. Este un pas dincolo de cadrul strategic bilateral bazat pe acordul dintre Republica Moldova și Uniunea Europeană, dar mergând pe un sprijin susținut din partea României. Dezvoltarea acestui instrument de cooperare pe termen lung trebuie să fie bazată pe includerea tuturor factorilor politici. Considerații privind necesitatea, alternativele politice și pașii pentru concretizarea eficientă și inclusivă a unui astfel de instrument sunt dezvoltate în acest material.
Periodic optimal control of nonlinear constrained systems using economic model predictive control
Creators: name: Köhler, Johannes
name: Müller, Matthias A.
name: Allgöwer, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider the problem of periodic optimal control of nonlinear systems subject to online changing and periodically time-varying economic performance measures using model predictive control (MPC). The proposed economic MPC scheme uses an online optimized artificial periodic orbit to ensure recursive feasibility and constraint satisfaction despite unpredictable changes in the economic performance index. We demonstrate that the direct extension of existing methods to periodic orbits does not necessarily yield the desirable closed-loop economic performance. Instead, we carefully revise the constraints on the artificial trajectory, which ensures that the closed-loop average performance is no worse than a locally optimal periodic orbit. In the special case that the prediction horizon is set to zero, the proposed scheme is a modified version of recent publications using periodicity constraints, with the important difference that the resulting closed loop has more degrees of freedom which are vital to ensure convergence to an optimal periodic orbit. In addition, we detail a tailored offline computation of suitable terminal ingredients, which are both theoretically and practically beneficial for closed-loop performance improvement. Finally, we demonstrate the practicality and performance improvements of the proposed approach on benchmark examples.
description: This is the accepted version of the paper in Journal of Process Control, 2020. This version contains additional details in the appendix regarding the numerical example
Wage indexing and inflation in Italy
Creators: name: FAUSTINI, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Inflation, Italy, wage indexing
subject: E31, E24, J31

description: The automatic adjustment of earnings to the cost of living usually had two objectives, to protect wages in whole or in part from the effects of inflation and to avoid a spate of destabilising wage claims. Recently, however, in Italy a third aim has been added, that of reducing the differences in remuneration. The present article looks at the experience and prospects of wage indexing in Italy, limiting the analysis to the sliding-scale in industry. The author first considers how wage indexing works in Italian industry. The average effectiveness of wage indexing is then examined. Finally, the specific effectiveness of the method of indexing related to the unified value of the point is analysed. JEL: E31, E24, J31
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 29, N. 119 (1976)
K-dynamics: well-posed 1+1 evolutions in K-essence
Creators: name: Bezares, Miguel
name: Crisostomi, Marco
name: Palenzuela, Carlos
name: Barausse, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the vacuum Cauchy problem for K-essence, i.e. cosmologically relevant scalar-tensor theories that involve first-order derivative self-interactions, and which pass all existing gravitational wave bounds. We restrict to spherical symmetry and show that there exists a large class of theories for which no breakdown of the Cauchy problem occurs outside apparent black hole horizons, even in the presence of scalar shocks/caustics, except for a small set of initial data sufficiently close to critical black hole collapse. We characterise these problematic initial data, and show that they lead to large or even diverging (coordinate) speeds for the characteristic curves. We discuss the physical relevance of this problem and propose ways to overcome it.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, references added, published version
Die sonderpädagogische Arbeit mit Schülerinnen und Schülern des Förderschwerpunktes "Emotionale und Soziale Entwicklung" – Ein Vergleich ausgewählter Institutionen in Hamburg und im Kanton Zürich
Creators: name: de Sluca, Angelina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Affektive Entwicklung
Förderunterricht
Vergleich
Masterarbeit

description: Schülerinnen und Schüler mit dem Förderbedarf «Emotionale und Soziale Entwicklung» fallen häufig durch ihr abweichendes Verhalten in Form von externalisierenden und/oder internalisierenden Verhaltensweisen auf. Sonderpädagogische Institutionen in Deutschland und der Schweiz haben sich auf diesen Förderschwerpunkt spezialisiert und möchten den damit verbundenen Schwierigkeiten Rechnung tragen. Die vorliegende qualitative Arbeit stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten bei der sonderpädagogischen Arbeit an sonderschulischen Institutionen mit verhaltensauffälligen Schülerinnen und Schülern zwischen Deutschland und der Schweiz bestehen. Hierfür wurden insgesamt sechs Interviews mit Sonderpädagoginnen und Sonderpädagogen im Bundesstaat Hamburg und im Kanton Zürich geführt. Das Klären gesamtschulischer Konzepte, individueller Handlungsoptionen und Grundhaltungen der Lehrpersonen stehen dabei im Zentrum.
Recomendaciones de epidemiología para pacientes que requieren atención quirúrgica de emergencia en el Hospital Adolfo Guevara Velasco.pdf
Creators: name: Unidad De Epidemiología HNAGV
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Epidemiology recommendations for patients requiring emergency surgical care in centers with difficult access for timely tests in the COVID-19 pandemic
Optimal Behavior of Rice Farmers in the Imperfectly Competitive Land Lease Market in Japan: With a Focus on Transaction Costs andUncertain Returns on Land Lease Investment
Creators: name: Kusakari, Hitoshi
name: Nakagawa, Satoshi
name: Kusakari, Hitoshi
name: Nakagawa, Satoshi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: farmland lease contract
subject: transaction cost
subject: uncertain return
subject: real option theory

description: In the process of drawing up contracts, farmers must pay some transaction costs, including the cost for searching for appropriate farmlands. In addition, farmers tend to postpone making the contracts from their anxiety about uncertain returns on land lease investment in spite of present profitability. The objective of this study is to judge whether transaction costs and uncertain returns work as restrictions on the number of land lease contracts in Japan. This study assumes that the previous papers associated with this context overestimated the number of the contracts because of ignoring the effects of the two obstacles resulting from their precondition of the competitive market framework. The originality of this study is to prove the previous overestimation from the theoretical and empirical viewpoints, and to estimate the transaction costs and the option value coefficients as an index of uncertain returns by applying real option theory. The main outcomes of this study are as follows. First, the study makes it clear theoretically that the perfectly competitive land lease market assumption adopted by the previous papers leads to the overvaluation of the number of land lease contracts when the market competitiveness is imperfect. Second, the study proved empirically that the land lease markets of rice farming are imperfectly competitive according to the significant estimation results of the transaction costs and the option value coefficients. Third, from the estimation results of the study, the estimate of transaction cost in the former period of 1981 to 1992 was relatively larger than the estimate in the latter period of 1995 to 2002; on the contrary, the estimate of option value coefficient in the former period was relatively smaller than the estimate in the latter period. These results imply that each of the two obstacles restricts the number of land lease contracts at different periods. The empirical results of this study strongly suggest that the government policy to mitigate both transaction costs and a degree of the uncertainty of returns on land lease investment is effective in accelerating farmland lease contracts in rice farming in Japan.
Perspective of Agricultural Finance Study in Japan
Creators: name: Mori, Yoshiko
name: Mori, Yoshiko
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: government programmed loans for agriculture
subject: financing of agriculture by Japan Agricultural Cooperatives
subject: private financial institution

description: This paper presents a review and clarification of the goals of agricultural finance study in Japan, and thereby aims to promote a perspective on the future direction of that study within the country while also taking into account research trends abroad. In the paper, agricultural finance is regarded as one of the most important means of developing farm management, and thus financing to farm management is the focus of the review. The key topics discussed are: (i) government programmed loans for agriculture; (ii) financing of agriculture by JA (Japan Agricultural Cooperatives); and (iii) the latest research trends in agricultural finance. Most studies on this subject in Japan employ the case analysis method based on field surveys, with hardly any econometric empirical analysis that inspects hypotheses statistically based on detailed data of both lenders (financial institutions) and borrowers (farm management). The research uncovered the importance of conducting both case analysis and econometric analysis in a complementary manner in the future and the necessity of preparing and disclosing data to enable econometric analysis.
From money illusion to money disillusion
Creators: name: ASCHHEIM, J.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Money illusion, unemployment, Keynes, money disillusion, General Theory
subject: E12, E24, E31

description: Even after several decades since its publication, Keynes’ General Theory continues to provoke debate and controversy regarding the interpretation of some essential issues. The present work examines the relationship of money illusion to involuntary unemployment within the framework of the modelling methodology of the General Theory. The author argues that Keynes’s rational for distinguishing between involuntary and voluntary unemployment is consistent with the absence of money illusion. Such an absence implies the notion of money disillusion. JEL: E12, E24, E31
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 30, N. 123 (1977)
Magnetic catalysis and the chiral condensate in holographic QCD
Creators: name: Ballon-Bayona, Alfonso
name: Shock, Jonathan P.
name: Zoakos, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of a non-zero magnetic field on the chiral condensate using a holographic QCD approach. We extend the model proposed by Iatrakis, Kiritsis and Paredes in arXiv:1010.1364 that realises chiral symmetry breaking dynamically from 5d tachyon condensation. We calculate the chiral condensate, magnetisation and susceptibilities for the confined and deconfined phases. The model leads, in the probe approximation, to magnetic catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking in both confined and deconfined phases. In the chiral limit, $m_q=0$, we find that in the deconfined phase a sufficiently strong magnetic field leads to a second order phase transition from the chirally restored phase to a chirally broken phase. The transition becomes a crossover as the quark mass increases. Due to a scaling in the temperature, the chiral transition will also be interpreted as a transition in the temperature for fixed magnetic field. We elaborate on the relationship between the chiral condensate, magnetisation and the (magnetic) free energy density. We compare our results at low and moderate temperatures temperatures with lattice QCD results.
description: 55 pages, 19 figures; v3: Comparison with lattice data is enriched and promoted to a new section. New subsection on the comparison with the Sakai-Sugimoto. To appear in JHEP
Monetary policy in Italy: the limited role of monetarism
Creators: name: VACIAGO, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italy, monetary policy, monetarism, Bank of Italy, financial system
subject: E52, E58, E44

description: The work assesses the role of monetary policy in Italy. An overall definition of the operational indications arising out of monetarism is provided before they are compared with the objectives and strategies of Italian monetary policy. It is shown that, despite the diffusion of the monetarist theses, the Bank of Italy’s analysis and strategy in recent years have been moving in the opposite direction, with the role of the stock of money being significantly reduced. The author examines how far this evolution is justified by the corresponding evolution of the financial system. JEL: E52, E58, E44
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 30, N. 123 (1977)