cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Attenuation law of normal disc galaxies with clumpy distributions of stars and dust
Creators: name: Inoue, Akio K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the attenuation law seen through an interstellar medium (ISM) with clumpy spatial distributions of stars and dust. The clumpiness of the dust distribution is introduced by a multi-phase ISM model. We solve a set of radiative transfer equations with multiple anisotropic scatterings through the clumpy ISM in a 1-D plane-parallel geometry by using the mega-grain approximation, in which dusty clumps are regarded as very large particles (i.e. mega-grains). The clumpiness of the stellar distribution is introduced by the youngest stars embedded in the clumps. We assume a smooth spatial distribution for older stars. The youngest stars are surrounded by denser dusty gas and suffer stronger attenuation than diffuse older stars (i.e. age-selective attenuation). The apparent attenuation law is a composite of the attenuation laws for the clumpy younger stars and for the diffuse older stars with a luminosity weight. In general, the stellar population dominating the luminosity changes from older stars to younger stars as the wavelength decreases. This makes the attenuation law steep; the composite attenuation rapidly increases from small attenuation for older stars at a long wavelength to large attenuation for younger stars at a short wavelength. The resultant attenuation law of normal disc galaxies is expected to be much steeper than that of starburst galaxies observed by Calzetti et al. Finally, the Calzetti's attenuation law is regarded as a special case with a large density in our framework.
description: MNRAS accepted, 13 pages, 14 figures
Federated Learning for distribution skewed data using sample weights
Creators: name: Nguyen, Hung
name: Wu, Peiyuan
name: Chang, Morris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the most challenging issues in federated learning is that the data is often not independent and identically distributed (nonIID). Clients are expected to contribute the same type of data and drawn from one global distribution. However, data are often collected in different ways from different resources. Thus, the data distributions among clients might be different from the underlying global distribution. This creates a weight divergence issue and reduces federated learning performance. This work focuses on improving federated learning performance for skewed data distribution across clients. The main idea is to adjust the client distribution closer to the global distribution using sample weights. Thus, the machine learning model converges faster with higher accuracy. We start from the fundamental concept of empirical risk minimization and theoretically derive a solution for adjusting the distribution skewness using sample weights. To determine sample weights, we implicitly exchange density information by leveraging a neural network-based density estimation model, MADE. The clients data distribution can then be adjusted without exposing their raw data. Our experiment results on three real-world datasets show that the proposed method not only improves federated learning accuracy but also significantly reduces communication costs compared to the other experimental methods.
description: Accepted to IEEE Transaction on Artificial Intelligence
Fast Rossi-alpha Measurements of Plutonium using Organic Scintillators
Creators: name: Hua, M. Y.
name: Bravo, C. A.
name: MacDonald, A. T.
name: Hutchinson, J. D.
name: McKenzie, G. E.
name: Grove, T. J.
name: Goda, J. M.
name: McSpaden, A. T.
name: Clarke, S. D.
name: Pozzi, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, Rossi-alpha measurements were simultaneously performed with a $^3$He-based detection system and an organic scintillator-based detection system. The assembly is 15 kg of plutonium (93 wt$\%$ $^{239}$Pu) reflected by copper and moderated by lead. The goal of Rossi-alpha measurements is to estimate the prompt neutron decay constant, alpha. Simulations estimate $k_\text{eff}$ = 0.624 and $α$ = 52.3 $\pm$ 2.5 ns for the measured assembly. The organic scintillator system estimated $α$ = 47.4 $\pm$ 2.0 ns, having a 9.37$\%$ error (though the 1.09 standard deviation confidence intervals overlapped). The $^3$He system estimated $α$ = 37 $μ$s. The known slowing down time of the $^3$He system is 35-40 $μ$s, which means the slowing down time dominates and obscures the prompt neutron decay constant. Subsequently, the organic scintillator system should be used for assemblies with alpha much less than 35 $μ$s.
description: PHYSOR 2020: Transition to a Scalable Nuclear Future Cambridge, United Kingdom, March 29th-April 2nd, 2020
An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output
Creators: name: Hirsch, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I propose the index $h$, defined as the number of papers with citation number higher or equal to $h$, as a useful index to characterize the scientific output of a researcher.
description: Small changes, some caveats added. Submitted to PNAS on 9/1, Pending Final Recommendation
Herzog, Frederick, Groscurth, Reinhard: Kirchengemeinschaft im Schmelztiegel - Anfang einer neuen Ökumene?
Creators: name: Koslowsky, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 40 Nr. 4 (1991): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 40, Heft 4
Time-resolved spectroscopy and photometry of an M dwarf flare star YZ Canis Minoris with OISTER and TESS: Blue asymmetry in H$α$ line during the non-white light flare
Creators: name: Maehara, Hiroyuki
name: Notsu, Yuta
name: Namekata, Kousuke
name: Honda, Satoshi
name: Kowalski, Adam F.
name: Katoh, Noriyuki
name: Ohshima, Tomohito
name: Iida, Kota
name: Oeda, Motoki
name: Murata, Katsuhiro L.
name: Yamanaka, Masayuki
name: Takagi, Kengo
name: Sasada, Mahito
name: Akitaya, Hiroshi
name: Ikuta, Kai
name: Okamoto, Soshi
name: Nogami, Daisaku
name: Shibata, Kazunari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present the results from spectroscopic and photometric observations of the M-type flare star YZ CMi in the framework of the Optical and Infrared Synergetic Telescopes for Education and Research (OISTER) collaborations during the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observation period. We detected 145 white-light flares from the TESS light curve and 4 H$α$ flares from the OISTER observations performed between 2019-01-16 and 2019-01-18. Among them, 3 H$α$ flares were associated with white-light flares. However, one of them did not show clear brightening in continuum; during this flare, the H$α$ line exhibited blue-asymmetry which has lasted for $\sim 60$ min. The line of sight velocity of the blue-shifted component is $-80$ - $-100$ km s$^{-1}$. This suggests that there can be upward flows of chromospheric cool plasma even without detectable red/NIR continuum brightening. By assuming that the blue-asymmetry in H$α$ line was caused by a prominence eruption on YZ CMi, we estimated the mass and kinetic energy of the upward-moving material to be $10^{16}$ - $10^{18}$ g and $10^{29.5}$ - $10^{31.5}$ erg, respectively. The estimated mass is comparable to expectations from the empirical relation between the flare X-ray energy and mass of upward-moving material for stellar flares and solar CMEs. In contrast, the estimated kinetic energy for the non-white-light flare on YZ CMi is roughly $2$ orders of magnitude smaller than that expected from the relation between flare X-ray energy and kinetic energy for solar CMEs. This could be understood by the difference in the velocity between CMEs and prominence eruptions.
description: 39 pages, 15 figures, supplementary table (CSV format); accepted for publication in PASJ
The effectiveness of position- and composition-specific gap costs for protein similarity searches
Creators: name: Stojmirović, Aleksandar
name: Gertz, E. Michael
name: Altschul, Stephen F.
name: Yu, Yi-Kuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The flexibility in gap cost enjoyed by Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) is expected to afford them better retrieval accuracy than position-specific scoring matrices (PSSMs). We attempt to quantify the effect of more general gap parameters by separately examining the influence of position- and composition-specific gap scores, as well as by comparing the retrieval accuracy of the PSSMs constructed using an iterative procedure to that of the HMMs provided by Pfam and SUPERFAMILY, curated ensembles of multiple alignments. We found that position-specific gap penalties have an advantage over uniform gap costs. We did not explore optimizing distinct uniform gap costs for each query. For Pfam, PSSMs iteratively constructed from seeds based on HMM consensus sequences perform equivalently to HMMs that were adjusted to have constant gap transition probabilities, albeit with much greater variance. We observed no effect of composition-specific gap costs on retrieval performance.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 1 of R.ROSETTA: an interpretable machine learning framework
Creators: name: Garbulowski, Mateusz
name: Klev Diamanti
name: Smolińska, Karolina
name: Baltzer, Nicholas
name: Stoll, Patricia
name: Bornelöv, Susanne
name: Øhrn, Aleksander
name: Feuk, Lars
name: Komorowski, Jan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Notes, Supplementary Figures S1–S8, Supplementary Tables S1–S8, Supplementary References
Prominence activation, optical flare, and post-flare loops on the RS Canum Venaticorum star SZ Piscium
Creators: name: Cao, Dongtao
name: Gu, Shenghong
name: Ge, Jian
name: Wang, Tinggui
name: Zhou, Jilin
name: Chang, Liang
name: Wolter, U.
name: Mittag, M.
name: Schmitt, J. H. M. M.
name: Perdelwitz, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of time-resolved high-resolution spectroscopic observations of the very active RS Canum Venaticorum (RS CVn) star SZ Piscium (SZ Psc), obtained during two consecutive observing nights on October 24 and 25, 2011. Several optical chromospheric activity indicators are analyzed using the spectral subtraction technique, which show the remarkably different behavior between two nights. Gradually blue-shifted and strengthened excess absorption features presented in the series of the subtracted spectra (especially for the H$_α$, He I D$_{3}$ and H$_β$ lines), as a result of active stellar prominence that is rising its height along the line of our sight, was detected in the observations on October 24. This prominence activation event was probably associated with the subsequently occurred optical flare, and part of that flare decay phase was hunted in the observations on October 25. The flare was characterized by the prominent He I D$_{3}$ line emission, as well as stronger chromospheric emission in the H$_α$, H$_β$ and other active lines. The gradual decay of flare was accompanied by an obviously developmental absorption feature in the blue wing of the H$_α$ and other active lines, which could be explained as cool post-flare loops which projected against the bright flare background. Therefore, a series of possibly associated magnetic activity phenomena, including flare-related prominence activation, optical flare and post-flare loops, were detected during our observations.
Studies of the Bc Meson at CDF
Creators: name: Spezziga, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the latest measurements of the Bc meson properties using 360 pb-1 of data collected by the CDF detector in RUN II. The results include the Bc mass and the ratio of branching fraction Bc->J/psi+l with respect to B->J/psi+K.
description: For the CDF collaboration. Contribution to proceedings of the 12th international QCD conference "QCD '05", July 4th-9th, Montpellier, France
Acanthopharynx dormitata Leduc & Zhao 2016
Creators: name: Leduc, Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Desmodorida
Desmodoridae
Acanthopharynx
Acanthopharynx dormitata

description: Acanthopharynx dormitata Leduc & Zhao, 2016
Fig. 13, Table 4
Diagnosis
Acanthopharynx dormitata characterised by cephalic capsule with crown of 14 setae (four cephalic and ten subcephalic setae) and 24 additional subcephalic setae arranged in eight longitudinal rows, unspiral amphidial fovea, buccal cavity with crown of denticles, female reproductive system with spermatheca, male with nine precloacal and two postcloacal supplements, and gubernaculum surrounding spicules distally.
Material examined
NEW ZEALAND • 1 ♂; Kermadec Islands, Raoul Island (Homestead); 29.23660° S, 177.92683° W; depth 19 m; 22 Nov. 2021; coarse sand and gravel sediments, voyage TMOR2021, station 84; NIWA 154953.
Type habitat and locality
Red seaweed partially covered in sediments and growing on boulders of the lower intertidal zone, Greta Point, Wellington, New Zealand (174.80489° E, 41.30356° S).
Remarks
The male Raoul Island specimen agrees well with the description of the species based on the Wellington specimens by Leduc & Zhao (2016) with respect to cuticle ornamentation, arrangement and size of anterior sensilla, buccal cavity armature, amphid shape, pharynx structure, shape of copulatory structures, shape and number of precloacal and postcloacal supplements, and tail morphology. The Raoul Island specimen, however, has a longer body (2954 vs 1809–2311 µm in the Wellington specimens), higher ratio of a (62 vs 38–50 in Wellington specimens) and c (35 vs 22–29 in Wellington specimens), slightly larger amphid (36 vs 25–30% cbd in Wellington specimens) and shorter spicules (49 vs 59–62 µm in Wellington specimens) and gubernaculum (24 vs 27–29 µm in Wellington specimens) (Table 4). It could be argued that the latter discrepancies justify the erection of a new species; however, more specimens need to be observed and molecular data need to be obtained before to inform this decision. For the time being, the Raoul specimen is considered to belong to Acanthopharynx dormitata.
description: Published as part of Leduc, Daniel, 2024, Four new free-living marine nematode species (Plectida: Ceramonematidae) and two new species records (Desmodorida: Desmodorinae) from Rangitāhua / Kermadec Islands, Aotearoa / New Zealand, pp. 138-174 in European Journal of Taxonomy 970 on page 168, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2755, http://zenodo.org/record/14276273
Current Approaches to the Treatment of Acute Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma
Creators: name: Pradtana Hirunpatravong
name: Tharnsook Kasemsup
Publisher: name: Text and Journal Publication
Year: 2018
Subjects: Acute primary angle closure
acute attack glaucoma
laser iridotomy
primary angle closure glaucoma
goniosynechialysis

description: Vajira Medical Journal, 62, 6, 483-8
Comparison of Three Methods of Pavement Design for Lexington-Fayette County
Creators: name: Allen, David L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: It is imperative in an era of limited budgets for construction and maintenance of streets and highways that a rational approach be followed for managing these funds. One of the first steps of this management process is the adequate and proper design of new streets and roads. In the interest of having a more rational system of design, representatives of the Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government requested the Kentucky Transportation Center to assist in the development of a new pavement design system that more clearly reflects differences in soils, traffic streams, environmental conditions, and materials. In fulfillment of that request, this. brief report compares three available methods of pavement design for flexible pavement and one method of design for rigid pavement. Comments and recommendations based upon pavement design experience and field performance of pavements are also included.
Machine-learning accelerated geometry optimization in molecular simulation
Creators: name: Yang, Yilin
name: Jimenez-Negron, Omar A.
name: Kitchin, John R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geometry optimization is an important part of both computational materials and surface science because it is the path to finding ground state atomic structures and reaction pathways. These properties are used in the estimation of thermodynamic and kinetic properties of molecular and crystal structures. This process is slow at the quantum level of theory because it involves an iterative calculation of forces using quantum chemical codes such as density functional theory (DFT), which are computationally expensive, and which limit the speed of the optimization algorithms. It would be highly advantageous to accelerate this process because then one could either do the same amount of work in less time, or more work in the same time. In this work, we provide a neural network (NN) ensemble based active learning method to accelerate the local geometry optimization for multiple configurations simultaneously. We illustrate the acceleration on several case studies including bare metal surfaces, surfaces with adsorbates, and nudged elastic band (NEB) for two reactions. In all cases the accelerated method requires fewer DFT calculations than the standard method. In addition, we provide an ASE-optimizer Python package to make the usage of the NN ensemble active learning for geometry optimization easier.
Physics-based analysis of Affymetrix microarray data
Creators: name: Heim, T.
name: Tranchevent, L. -C.
name: Carlon, E.
name: Barkema, G. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze publicly available data on Affymetrix microarrays spike-in experiments on the human HGU133 chipset in which sequences are added in solution at known concentrations. The spike-in set contains sequences of bacterial, human and artificial origin. Our analysis is based on a recently introduced molecular-based model [E. Carlon and T. Heim, Physica A 362, 433 (2006)] which takes into account both probe-target hybridization and target-target partial hybridization in solution. The hybridization free energies are obtained from the nearest-neighbor model with experimentally determined parameters. The molecular-based model suggests a rescaling that should result in a "collapse" of the data at different concentrations into a single universal curve. We indeed find such a collapse, with the same parameters as obtained before for the older HGU95 chip set. The quality of the collapse varies according to the probe set considered. Artificial sequences, chosen by Affymetrix to be as different as possible from any other human genome sequence, generally show a much better collapse and thus a better agreement with the model than all other sequences. This suggests that the observed deviations from the predicted collapse are related to the choice of probes or have a biological origin, rather than being a problem with the proposed model.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
The Development Powerful and Efficiency of Mahidolia Underwater Drone of Thailand
Creators: name: Supakrit Solpikul
name: Chonticha Kaewanuchit
name: Sathit Kurathong
name: Worrapoj Oonanant
name: Busaba Supawattanabodee
name: Chamnong Thongprasert
Publisher: name: Text and Journal Publication
Year: 2018
Subjects: Development
Powerful
Efficiency
Underwater drone
Mahidolia

description: Vajira Medical Journal, 62, 6, 489-500
Stability of Asphaltic Concrete Mixtures
Creators: name: Allen, David L.
name: Roghani, Hossien
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This study was initiated with the general objective of quantifying some of the parameters that govern the stability and rutting characteristics of asphalt-bound materials. Aggregate type and gradation, loading magnitudes and patterns asphalt types and viscosity, are known to affect the stability of an asphalt mixture.  The study was conducted in three phases. The first phase was a study of the effects of large stone gradations on the rutting and fatigue characteristics of an asphalt base mixture. The second phase was an in-depth study of the mastic portion (smaller than 3/8-inch) of an asphalt mixture. The third phase was a laboratory analysts of field cores obtained from in-service pavements, and rutting measurements on a number of in-service pavements.  It can be concluded tnat large stone base mixtures are less susceptible to rutting than base mixture with finer gradations. Also, large stone base mixture having a polymer modified asphalt cement appeared to have less rutting potential (based on laboratory rutting tests) than an equivalent mixture without a modified asphalt cement.  Mastic mixtures that contain manufactured limestone sands have less rutting potential than mixtures that contain natural sands. It is recommended that the percentage of natural sands be limited in the mastic portion of a mixture.  From this study, there appears to be no correlation between Marshall stability and resilient modulus when testing field cores. It is concluded that the Marshall test is not a good indicator of rutting behavior or resilient strength.