cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary ecology in-silico: Does mathematical modelling help in understanding the "generic" trends?
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Debashish
name: Stauffer, Dietrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the results of recent laboratory experiments (Yoshida et al. Nature, 424, 303-306 (2003)) as well as many earlier field observations that evolutionary changes can take place in ecosystems over relatively short ecological time scales, several ``unified'' mathematical models of evolutionary ecology have been developed over the last few years with the aim of describing the statistical properties of data related to the evolution of ecosystems. Moreover, because of the availability of sufficiently fast computers, it has become possible to carry out detailed computer simulations of these models. For the sake of completeness and to put these recent developments in the proper perspective, we begin with a brief summary of some older models of ecological phenomena and evolutionary processes. However, the main aim of this article is to review critically these ``unified'' models, particularly those published in the physics literature, in simple language that makes the new theories accessible to wider audience.
description: 28 pages, LATEX, 4 eps figures
Additional file 1 of Medical ethics: knowledge, attitude and practice among doctors in three teaching hospitals in Sri Lanka
Creators: name: A. W. I. P. Ranasinghe
name: Buddhika Fernando
name: Athula Sumathipala
name: Wasantha Gunathunga
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
The Nutrition Transition in High and Low-Income Countries: What are the Policy Lessons?
Creators: name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Ng, Shu Wen
name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Ng, Shu Wen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: diet composition
subject: price policy
subject: economic growth
subject: health effects

description: The world has seen a remarkable shift from a period when diets, activity patterns and body composition were characterized by the period termed the receding famine pattern to one dominated by nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NR-NCDs). This presentation first examines the speed of these changes, summarizes dietary changes, and provides some sense of the way the burden of obesity is shifting from the rich to the poor not only in urban but also rural areas throughout the world. The focus is on the lower- and middle- income countries of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America but some examples will come from the United States, Australia, and the UK. After showing that changes are occurring at great speed and at earlier stages of countries' economic and social development, the presentation shifts to some of the critical policy opportunities and some example of options. Few policy lessons exist at a macro level outside of selected countries such as South Korea and Finland. Examples of ways price policy and other options might work, using Chinese longitudinal case studies, are presented. The challenge is for the agricultural economics profession to focus on this major global issue-one which challenges some of the earlier paradigms of food policy an agricultural development.
Additional file 1 of Age differences in demographic, social and health-related factors associated with loneliness across the adult life span (19–65 years): a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands
Creators: name: Franssen, Thanée
name: Stijnen, Mandy
name: Hamers, Femke
name: Schneider, Francine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Demographic, social and health-related factors associated with loneliness for the three age groups (crude and adjusted odds ratios). This table shows the results of step 3 of the multivariate analysis. It presents the associations between factors within a set and loneliness.
Grocery Retailer Pricing Behavior for California Avocados with Implications for Industry Promotion Strategies
Creators: name: Li, Lan
name: Carman, Hoy F.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Li, Lan
name: Carman, Hoy F.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: F13
subject: L1
subject: L81
subject: Q1
subject: Q13

description: Rising concentration and consolidation of sales among large supermarket chains in the U.S. and other countries, due in part to a recent wave of mergers in food retailing, have made retailers' role in the food industry a topical issue. Using a unique micro dataset, this paper investigates retailer pricing issues for avocados, a key California specialty commodity, and analyzes the implications of retailer pricing behavior for the effectiveness of avocado industry advertising programs. The methodologies developed and the results achieved in this study should have broad applications across the produce sector, the food industry, and the grocery retail market. We find that retail prices for avocados are highly dispersed both spatially and temporarily. The analysis also illustrates the existence of a "regular" retail price for avocados. Downward deviations from the "regular" price dominated changes in retail prices, in particular, temporary price reductions accounted for 27 percent of retail price variations. The study examines the effects of fundamental cost and demand factors on determination of retail prices. We conclude that costs are not a primary factor in setting retail prices for avocados. Retailers' sales strategies, which reflect decreases in retail margins rather than decreases in costs, explained much of the observed temporary price reductions for avocados. Retail prices for avocados also exhibited countercyclical movements over seasonal demand cycles. The findings provide support for Lal and Matutes' (1994) hypothesis that retailers reduce prices or margins during a product's high-demand periods. We investigate how retailers respond to industry promotions and, in turn, how retailer response enhances or vitiates the effectiveness of industry promotions. The approach of "Difference-in-Difference" is employed to evaluate the effects of the California Avocado Commission's (CAC) promotion programs on retail pricing and sales. The analysis demonstrates that the radio campaign and outdoor advertisements were successful in raising avocado sales. There is no evidence that retailers charged higher prices during the CAC's promotions. Nonetheless, the CAC's promotion programs could be enhanced if retailers were better informed about the advertising campaigns. Other noteworthy results include the fact that retail margins increased significantly as shipment volumes increased, indicating the presence of retailer oligopsony power. Also notable was the rather strong evidence that retail prices were significantly lower as a function of the amount of avocados imported from Chile and Mexico, meaning that consumers have benefited from trade liberalization for avocados.
Stabilization of AgI's polar surfaces by the aqueous environment, and its implications for ice formation
Creators: name: Sayer, Thomas
name: Cox, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silver iodide is one of the most potent inorganic ice nucleating particles known, a feature generally attributed to the excellent lattice match between its basal Ag-(0001) and I-(000-1) surfaces, and ice. This crystal termination, however, is a type-III polar surface, and its surface energy therefore diverges with crystal size unless a polarity compensation mechanism prevails. In this simulation study, we investigate to what extent the surrounding aqueous environment is able to provide such polarity compensation. On its own, we find that pure water is unable to stabilize the AgI crystal in a physically reasonable manner, and that mobile charge carriers such as dissolved ions, are essential. In other words, proximate dissolved ions must be considered an integral part of the heterogeneous ice formation mechanism. The simulations we perform utilize recent advances in simulation methodology in which appropriate electric and electric displacement fields are imposed. A useful by-product of this study is the direct comparison to the commonly used Yeh-Berkowitz method that this enables. Here we find that naive application of the latter leads to physically unreasonable results, and greatly influences the structure of water in the contact layer. We therefore expect these results to be of general importance to those studying polar/charged surfaces in aqueous environments.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures. Supporting Information: http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/c9/cp/c9cp02193k/c9cp02193k1.pdf
Using Auctions for Conservation Contracts to Protect Queensland's Vegetation: Lessons from the Vegetation Incentives Program
Creators: name: Comerford, Emma
name: Binney, Jim
name: Comerford, Emma
name: Binney, Jim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Auctions for conservation contracts are experiencing great popularity in Australia due to their perceived cost effectiveness. However, there is still much to be learned about this economic instrument. Queensland's state government recently decided to use an auction mechanism to allocate a $12 million incentives program. This was called the Queensland Vegetation Incentives Package (VIP), and was aimed at encouraging better protection and management of high value non-remnant vegetation. The PhD work of the presenting author is using the VIP as a case study to explore the use of auctions for conservation contracts in Queensland. In particular, observing the VIP gives insight into participant behaviour and the impact of the policy formation process on an auction for conservation contracts. The VIP is particularly interesting as this is the first time a tender mechanism is being used in Australia to distribute funds on a state-wide level. A preliminary analysis of the first two rounds has been undertaken and key lessons have been identified.
Smallholder Dairy Farmer Access to Alternative Milk Market Channels in Gujarat, India
Creators: name: Kariuki, E.
name: Staal, Steven J.
name: Baltenweck, Isabelle
name: Njoroge, L.
name: Patil, B.R.
name: Ibrahim, Mohammed Nawaz Mohammed
name: Kariuki, E.
name: Staal, Steven J.
name: Baltenweck, Isabelle
name: Njoroge, L.
name: Patil, B.R.
name: Ibrahim, Mohammed Nawaz Mohammed
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Smallholder dairy
subject: conditional logit
subject: McFaddens
subject: milk markets

description: Although India is already the worlds largest milk producer, dairy production particularly among smallholder and even landless farmers continues to grow with growing demand. Currently over 80% of that milk marketed passes through traditional channels handling raw milk and traditionally processed products, in spite of the high profile given to cooperative dairy development through the Operation Flood programs. However, the growing middle class is likely to increase the demand for the more formal processed and pasteurized products, which the traditional market generally cannot deliver. This may shift opportunities for market participation and development away from smallholder dairy producers towards larger farmers who can deliver larger daily quantities of milk, and may be better able to manage milk quality. This study addresses the links between smallholder dairy farmers and alternative traditional, private and cooperative sector milk markets, using data collected in the traditional Indian dairy heartland, the State of Gujarat, based on a random survey of over 700 rural geo - referenced households. The analyses combine household survey and GIS -derived data that allow a rigorous differentiation of the effects of individual household characteristics from those related to location. A two-step analysis is conducted to explain milk market participation and conditioned on that, milk outlet choice, and their determinants, including a simple probit, followed by McFaddens choice model, using a conditional logit. The results suggest that smallholders are not limited by scale, access to land resources, or social group, from participating in the growing formal milk market channels.
Is Obesity a Result of Faulty Economic Policies? The Case of the United States and Japan
Creators: name: Senauer, Benjamin
name: Gemma, Masahiko
name: Senauer, Benjamin
name: Gemma, Masahiko
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: obesity
subject: food consumption
subject: food prices
subject: physical activity
subject: walking
subject: automobile costs

description: More than one billion adults are overweight worldwide, and more than 300 million of them clinically obese, raising the risk of many serious diseases. Only 3.6 percent of Japanese have a body mass index (BMI) over 30, which is the international standard for obesity, whereas 32.0 percent of Americans do. A total of 66.5 percent of Americans have a BMI over 25, making them overweight, but only 24.7 percent of Japanese. This paper examines the reasons Japan has one of the lowest rates of obesity in the world and the United States one of the highest, giving particular attention to underlying economic factors that might be influenced by policy changes. The average person in Japan consumes over 200 fewer calories per day than the average American. Food prices are substantially higher in Japan, but the traditional Japanese dietary habits, although changing, are also healthier. The Japanese are also far more physically active tha n Americans, but not because they do more planned physical exercise. They walk more as part of their daily lives. They walk more because the cost of driving an automobile is far higher in Japan, whereas public transportation is typically very convenient, but normally requires more walking than the use of a car. In terms of policy solutions, economic incentives could be structured to encourage Americans to drive less and use public transportation more, which would typically also mean walking more.
[Letter from Jean-Baptiste Edouard Bornet]
Creators: name: Bornet, Jean-Baptiste Edouard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1899
Subjects: Bouvier, Eugène Louis
Gomont, Maurice Augustin

description: Bouvier will send for identification Lithothamnion collected on the Cape Verde Islands. Says he thinks the decision to write a monograph on the Lithothamnia is good for algology. Gomont will certainly send specimens for this purpose.
The Implicit Midpoint Procedures for Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings
Creators: name: Aibinu, M. O.
name: Thakur, S. C.
name: Moyo, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The concept of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings is an important generalization of the class of nonexpansive mappings. Implicit midpoint procedures are extremely fundamental for solving equations involving nonlinear operators. This paper studies the convergence analysis of the class of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings by the implicit midpoint iterative procedures. The necessary conditions for the convergence of the class of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings are established, by using a well-known iterative algorithm which plays important roles in the computation of fixed points of nonlinear mappings. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the convergence result. Under relaxed conditions on the parameters, some algorithms and strong convergence results were derived to obtain some results in the literature as corollaries.
description: 12 pages
Chrysostome, Jean: Sur L'Égalité du Père et du fils
Creators: name: Gessel, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 83 (1999): Oriens christianus, Band 83
Absence of Spin Hall Magnetoresistance in Pt/(CoNi)n multilayers
Creators: name: Cui, Yongwei
name: Feng, Xiaoyu
name: Zhang, Qihan
name: Zhou, Hengan
name: Jiang, Wanjun
name: Cao, Jiangwei
name: Xue, Desheng
name: Fan, Xiaolong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically studied the magnetoresistance effect in a Pt/(CoNi)n multilayer system with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the fcc (111) texture. The angular dependence of magnetoresistance, including high-order cosine terms, was observed in a plane perpendicular to the electrical current; this was attributed to the geometrical-size effects caused by crystal symmetry, the ordered arrangement of grains, and the anisotropic interface magnetoresistance effect caused by the breaking of the symmetry at interfaces. Based on the accuracy of our experimental results, the magnitude of spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) in Pt/(CoNi)n was expected to be below $1\times10^{-4}$. However, on evaluating the spin Hall angle of $\geq$ 0.07 for Pt using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements, the theoretical magnitude of SMR in our samples was estimated to exceed $7\times10^{-4}$. This absence of SMR in the experimental results can be explained by the Elliott-Yafet spin relaxation of itinerant electrons in the ferromagnetic metal, which indicates that the boundary conditions of the spin current in the heavy metal/ferromagnetic insulator may not be applicable to all-metallic heterostructures.
description: 16 pages,5 figures
Additional file 9 of Genetic Dissection of Seed Dormancy in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Using Two Mapping Populations Derived from Common Parents
Creators: name: Chaopu Zhang
name: Zhiyang Yuan
name: Yuntong Wang
name: Wenqiang Sun
name: Xinxin Tang
name: Yongjian Sun
name: Yu, Sibin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 9: Table S7. Epistatic interaction of qSD3.1 and qSD3.2 in the NY61-derived population.
XMM-Newton EPIC background modeling for extended sources
Creators: name: Nevalainen, J.
name: Markevitch, M.
name: Lumb, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use XMM-Newton blank-sky and closed-cover background data to explore the background subtraction methods for large extended sources filling the EPIC field of view, such as nearby galaxy clusters, for which local background estimation is difficult. We find that to keep the 0.8-7.0 keV band background modeling uncertainty tolerable, one has to use a much more restrictive filter than that commonly applied. In particular, because flares have highly variable spectra, not all of them are identified by filtering the E>10 keV light curve. We tried using the outer part of the EPIC FOV for monitoring the background in a softer band (1-5 keV). We find that one needs to discard the time periods when either the hard-band or the soft-band rate exceeds the nominal value by more than 20% in order to limit the 90% CL background uncertainty to between 5% at E=4-7 keV and 20% at E=0.8-1 keV, for both MOS and PN. This compares to a 10-30% respective PN uncertainty when only the hard-band light curve is used for filtering, and to a 15-45% PN uncertainty when applying the commonly used 2-3 sigma filtering method. We illustrate our method on a nearby cluster A1795. The above background uncertainties convert into the systematic temperature uncertainties between 1% at r=3-4 arcmin and 20--25% (~1 keV for A1795) at r=10-15 arcmin. For comparison, the commonly applied 2-3 sigma clipping of the hard-band light curve misses a significant amount of flares, rendering the temperatures beyond r=10 arcmin unconstrained. Thus, the background uncertainties do not prohibit the EPIC temperature profile analysis of low-brightness regions, like outer regions of galaxy clusters, provided a conservative flare filtering such as the double filtering method with 20% limits is used.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures, the presented data available at http://www.astro.helsinki.fi/~jnevalai/XMMbkg/ corrected a mistake in text structure
Additional file 1 of Cultivation of microalgae for biofuel production: coupling with sugarcane-processing factories
Creators: name: Deribew Tefera Zewdie
name: Abubeker Yimam Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1:. Appendices
The universe as a closed anisotropic universe born in a black hole
Creators: name: Popławski, Nikodem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a universe formed in a black hole in the Einstein--Cartan theory of gravity. The interior of a Schwarzschild black hole can be represented by the Kantowski--Sachs metric that describes a closed anisotropic universe. We use this metric to derive the field equations with a relativistic spin fluid as a source. We show that torsion may prevent a singularity and replace it with a nonsingular bounce if particle production dominates over shear. Particle production after the last bounce can generate a finite period of inflation, during which the universe expands and isotropizes to the currently observed state. Our universe might have therefore originated from a black hole.
description: 6 pages
Proton radii of 4,6,8He isotopes from high-precision nucleon-nucleon interactions
Creators: name: Caurier, E.
name: Navratil, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, precision laser spectroscopy on 6He atoms determined accurately the isotope shift between 4He and 6He and, consequently, the charge radius of 6He. A similar experiment for 8He is under way. We have performed large-scale ab initio calculations for 4,6,8He isotopes using high-precision nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions within the no-core shell model (NCSM) approach. With the CD-Bonn 2000 NN potential we found point-proton root-mean-square (rms) radii of 4He and 6He 1.45(1) fm and 1.89(4), respectively, in agreement with experiment and predict the 8He point proton rms radius to be 1.88(6) fm. At the same time, our calculations show that the recently developed nonlocal INOY NN potential gives binding energies closer to experiment, but underestimates the charge radii.
description: 5 pages, 9 figures
[Letter from Ralph Erwin Gibbs]
Creators: name: Gibbs, Ralph Erwin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1899
Subjects: Setchell, William Albert

description: Expresses the gratitude for the papers on Lithothamnia. Information about change of study topic from the Melobesias of California to the crustaceous Corallines of California. Is doing a small investigation on the dissemination and germination of Phyllospadix.
Additional file 7 of Genetic Dissection of Seed Dormancy in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Using Two Mapping Populations Derived from Common Parents
Creators: name: Chaopu Zhang
name: Zhiyang Yuan
name: Yuntong Wang
name: Wenqiang Sun
name: Xinxin Tang
name: Yongjian Sun
name: Yu, Sibin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 7: Table S5. QTLs detected for four seed dormancy parameters in CSSLs and BILs derived from the common parents of Nipponbare and 9311.
Additional file 8 of Genetic Dissection of Seed Dormancy in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Using Two Mapping Populations Derived from Common Parents
Creators: name: Chaopu Zhang
name: Zhiyang Yuan
name: Yuntong Wang
name: Wenqiang Sun
name: Xinxin Tang
name: Yongjian Sun
name: Yu, Sibin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 8: Table S6. QTLs detected in the same or overlapping regions for seed dormancy in CSSLs and BILs.
The German Wind Energy Lobby: How to Successfully Promote Costly Technological Change
Creators: name: Michaelowa, Axel
name: Michaelowa, Axel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Wind power
subject: interest groups
subject: technological change

description: German wind power development is a technological success story but has involved very high subsidies. Germany was a latecomer in wind power but specific political conditions in the late 1980s and early 1990s allowed the implementation of the feed in tariff regime which has characterised Germany ever since. The wind lobby managed to constitute itself at an early stage and to develop stable alliances with farmers and regional policymakers. The concentration of the wind industry in structurally weak regions reinforced these links. With an increased visibility of the subsidies and saturation of onshore sites in the early 2000s, the lobby has been less successful in retaining support. The current attempt to develop offshore projects may suffer from less favourable interest constellations.
A Fast, 2D Gaussian Process Method Based on Celerite: Applications to Transiting Exoplanet Discovery and Characterization
Creators: name: Gordon, Tyler
name: Agol, Eric
name: Foreman-Mackey, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gaussian processes (GPs) are commonly used as a model of stochastic variability in astrophysical time series. In particular, GPs are frequently employed to account for correlated stellar variability in planetary transit light curves. The efficient application of GPs to light curves containing thousands to tens of thousands of datapoints has been made possible by recent advances in GP methods, including the celerite method. Here we present an extension of the celerite method to two input dimensions, where, typically, the second dimension is small. This method scales linearly with the total number of datapoints when the noise in each large dimension is proportional to the same celerite kernel and only the amplitude of the correlated noise varies in the second dimension. We demonstrate the application of this method to the problem of measuring precise transit parameters from multiwavelength light curves and show that it has the potential to improve transit parameters measurements by orders of magnitude. Applications of this method include transit spectroscopy and exomoon detection, as well a broader set of astronomical problems.
description: Submitted to AAS Journals Updated 7/22/20 to include links to code
Towards skyrmion-superconductor hybrid systems
Creators: name: Kubetzka, André
name: Bürger, Jan M.
name: Wiesendanger, Roland
name: von Bergmann, Kirsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy is used to identify the magnetic state of different thin films on a Re(0001) substrate, which becomes superconducting below 1.7 K. All magnetic films contain an Fe/Ir interface, which is known to facilitate the emergence of non-collinear magnetic order. For Fe monolayers on ultra-thin Ir films of different thickness we find several different atomic-scale magnetic states. For Pd/Fe bilayers we find nano-scale spin spirals as magnetic ground states for Ir thicknesses of three and four atomic layers. In applied magnetic fields skyrmions emerge, and in remanence non-trivial magnetic textures survive. This demonstrates the possibility to prepare skryrmion-hosting magnetic films on superconducting substrates.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Divergence - Is it Geography?
Creators: name: Straubhaar, Thomas
name: Suhrcke, Marc
name: Urban, Dieter
name: Straubhaar, Thomas
name: Suhrcke, Marc
name: Urban, Dieter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: threshold estimation
subject: new economic geography
subject: regional income
subject: growth
subject: poverty trap
subject: regime shifts
subject: bootstrap

description: This paper tests a geography and growth model using regional data for Europe, the US, and Japan. We set up a standard geography and growth model with a poverty trap and derive a log-linearized growth equation that corresponds directly to a threshold regression technique in econometrics. In particular, we test whether regions with high population density (centers) grow faster and have a permanently higher per capita income than regions with low population density (peripheries). We find geography driven divergence for US states and European regions after 1980. Population density is superior in explaining divergence compared to initial income which the most important official EU eligibility criterium for regional aid is built on. Divergence is stronger on smaller regional units (NUTS3) than on larger ones (NUTS2). Human capital and R&D are likely candidates for transmission channels of divergence processes.
Boltzmann entropy and chaos in a large assembly of weakly interacting systems
Creators: name: Falcioni, Massimo
name: Palatella, Luigi
name: Pigolotti, Simone
name: Rondoni, Lamberto
name: Vulpiani, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a high dimensional symplectic map, modeling a large system consisting of weakly interacting chaotic subsystems, as a toy model to analyze the interplay between single-particle chaotic dynamics and particles interactions in thermodynamic systems. We study the growth with time of the Boltzmann entropy, S_B, in this system as a function of the coarse graining resolution. We show that a characteristic scale emerges, and that the behavior of S_B vs t, at variance with the Gibbs entropy, does not depend on the coarse graining resolution, as far as it is finer than this scale. The interaction among particles is crucial to achieve this result, while the rate of entropy growth depends essentially on the single-particle chaotic dynamics (for t not too small). It is possible to interpret the basic features of the dynamics in terms of a suitable Markov approximation.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Journal of Statistical Physics
Bovon, François und Geoltrain, Pierre (Hrsg.): Bibliothèque de la Pléiade
Creators: name: Müller, Caspar Detlef G.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 83 (1999): Oriens christianus, Band 83
Additional file 4 of Genetic Dissection of Seed Dormancy in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Using Two Mapping Populations Derived from Common Parents
Creators: name: Chaopu Zhang
name: Zhiyang Yuan
name: Yuntong Wang
name: Wenqiang Sun
name: Xinxin Tang
name: Yongjian Sun
name: Yu, Sibin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S2. Correlation coefficients among G3d, AUC, T50 and G7d in CSSLs (a) and BILs (b). G3d, germination rate at 72 h after imbibition; G7d, maximum germination rate at 168 h after imbibition; T50, germination speed, which is the time to reach 50% germination of seeds; and AUC, the area under the curve up to 168 h after imbibition. The upper panel contains the correlation coefficients and the lower panel contains the frequency distribution of the assayed parameters. The diagonal represents the histogram of the traits. Double asterisks represent significance at P
Proton-transfer dynamics in ionized water chains using real-time Time Dependent Density Functional Theory
Creators: name: Sharma, Vidushi
name: Fernández-Serra, Marivi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In density functional-theoretic studies of photoionized water-based systems, the role of charge localization in proton-transfer dynamics is not well understood. This is due to the inherent complexity in extracting the contributions of coupled electron-nuclear non-adiabatic dynamics in the presence of exchange and correlation functional errors. In this work, we address this problem by simulating a model system of ionized linear H-bonded water clusters using real-time Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (rt-TDDFT)-based Ehrenfest dynamics. Our aim is to understand how self-interaction error in semilocal exchange and correlation functionals affects the probability of proton transfer. In particular, we show that for H-bonded (H$_2$O)$_n^+$ chains (with $n>3$), the proton-transfer probability attains a maximum, becoming comparable to that predicted by hybrid functionals. This is because the formation of hemibonded-type geometries is largely suppressed in extended H-bonded structures. We also show how the degree of localization of the initial photo-hole is connected to the probability of a proton-transfer reaction, as well as to the separation between electronic and nuclear charge. These results are compared to those obtained with adiabatic dynamics where the initial wavefunction is allowed to relax to the ground state of the ion cluster, explaining why different functionals and dynamical approaches lead to quantitatively different results.
description: 14 + 7 pages; 12 + 8 figures
ATMO-ACCESS D1.2 Consolidation of access policies and legal framework for atmospheric research infrastructures
Creators: name: Ródenas García, Milagros
name: Amalia, Muñoz Cintas
Publisher: name: CEAM
Year: 2024

description: This document has been prepared within the ATMO-ACCESS project and, in particular, in the framework of Work package 1 (WP1): “Developing the concept and guidelines for access to distributed atmospheric Research Infrastructures”. The main objective of WP1 is to define a synergistic framework with guidelines and cost scheme for access to atmospheric Research Infrastructures (RI) to enhance user-friendly and easy access to services provided by atmospheric research facilities in ATMO-ACCESS.Developing a unified legal framework is essential for establishing fair and effective access conditions for the whole atmospheric research community. This Deliverable aims to give recommendations on “Consolidation of access policies and legal framework for atmospheric research infrastructures”, named Task 1.2.A review of access policies from different RIs has been used as the foundation to elaborate a common policy and legal framework for accesses. That review was carried out in ATMO-ACCESS Milestone 2: Analysis of Access policies and legal framework regulating the Access provision, where the policy on access and data policies from a total of 19 RIs was examined, It was observed that some RIs present an advanced legal maturity and have developed extensive regulation in their internal policies, while regulation is scarce in others, As one of the RIs with the most developed access policy, ACTRIS has provided substantial input to this document. Additionally, policies from other RIs (IAGOS, ICOS, NFFA-Europe, INTERACT, ENVRI, etc) have also been incorporated in thisdocument.
Designing game-based interactive mathematics learning environments for children
Creators: name: Song, Zhenyu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: With the tremendous growth of the use of computers in schools, sound research is needed on how to design interactive learning environments that effectively help children by promoting reflective cognition and better learning. The research described in this thesis addresses the following questions in designing interactive mathematics learning environments for children: a) How should a learning environment motivate children to explore the underlying mathematical concepts? b) How should the user interface be designed to support children's learning of mathematical concepts? c) What are some design features that are effective in promoting reflective cognition and better learning? d) How should a learning environment meet children's affective needs? What are some design features that can make children's learning of mathematics more enjoyable? Bubble Puzzle, a game-based interactive learning activity aimed at assisting elementary school children in understanding fractions was developed. Techniques such as visual feedback and scaffolding were used in the design to promote reflective cognition. Two studies with 47 elementary school children were conducted to evaluate the educational effectiveness and the design features of Bubble Puzzle. It was found that playing the game helped children gain a better understanding of the underlying mathematical concepts, and led to statistically significant improvements on test scores. The results suggest that Bubble Puzzle provided a motivating learning environment, and that the entertainment features of the game matched children's interests and were conducive to children's enjoyment of the learning activity.
Superglass Phase of Helium-four
Creators: name: Boninsegni, M.
name: Prokof'ev, N.
name: Svistunov, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study different solid phases of Helium-four, by means of Path Integral Monte Carlo simulations based on a recently developed "worm" algorithm. Our study includes simulations that start off from a high-T gas phase, which is then "quenched" down to T=0.2 K. The low-T properties of the system crucially depend on the initial state. While an ideal hcp crystal is a clear-cut insulator, the disordered system freezes into a "superglass", i.e., a metastable amorphous solid featuring off-diagonal long-range order and superfluidity.
Non-Gaussianity in KKLMMT model
Creators: name: Huang, Qing-Guo
name: Ke, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the non-Gaussianity of the brane inflation which happens in the same throat in the framework of the generalized KKLMMT model. When we take the constraints from non-Gaussianity into account, various consequences are discussed including the bound on the string coupling, such as the string coupling is larger than 0.08 and the effective string scale on the brane is larger than $1.3 \times 10^{-4} M_p$ in KKLMMT model.
description: 13 pages, 2 figuers, harvmac; references added
Complex Sequential Data Analysis: A Systematic Literature Review of Existing Algorithms
Creators: name: Dandajena, Kudakwashe
name: Venter, Isabella M.
name: Ghaziasgar, Mehrdad
name: Dodds, Reg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6

description: This paper provides a review of past approaches to the use of deep-learning frameworks for the analysis of discrete irregular-patterned complex sequential datasets. A typical example of such a dataset is financial data where specific events trigger sudden irregular changes in the sequence of the data. Traditional deep-learning methods perform poorly or even fail when trying to analyse these datasets. The results of a systematic literature review reveal the dominance of frameworks based on recurrent neural networks. The performance of deep-learning frameworks was found to be evaluated mainly using mean absolute error and root mean square error accuracy metrics. Underlying challenges that were identified are: lack of performance robustness, non-transparency of the methodology, internal and external architectural design and configuration issues. These challenges provide an opportunity to improve the framework for complex irregular-patterned sequential datasets.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, Saicsit 20, Cape Town, South Africa
The Toda lattice is super-integrable
Creators: name: Agrotis, M.
name: Damianou, P. A.
name: Sophocleous, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K10, 37J35, 70H06

description: We prove that the classical, non-periodic Toda lattice is super-integrable. In other words, we show that it possesses 2N-1 independent constants of motion, where N is the number of degrees of freedom. The main ingredient of the proof is the use of some special action--angle coordinates introduced by Moser to solve the equations of motion.
description: 8 pages
Convergence and the Effects of Spatial Interaction
Creators: name: Niebuhr, Annekatrin
name: Niebuhr, Annekatrin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Regional convergence
subject: Spatial interaction
subject: Spatial econometrics

description: Since the beginning of the 1990s, the issue of income convergence has received considerable attention in economic research. Although a vast number of empirical studies has emerged, evidence on the role of spatial interaction is still rather scarce. The present paper is an attempt to provide additional information on the spatial aspect of convergence. Spatial econometric methods are used to investigate regional convergence in West Germany. The results indicate that spatial interaction is an important element of regional growth. However, considering spatial effects does not alter the general conclusion that regional income growth is characterised by a process of convergence.
Additional file 1 of Genetic Dissection of Seed Dormancy in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Using Two Mapping Populations Derived from Common Parents
Creators: name: Chaopu Zhang
name: Zhiyang Yuan
name: Yuntong Wang
name: Wenqiang Sun
name: Xinxin Tang
name: Yongjian Sun
name: Yu, Sibin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Flowchart of the development of CSSLs and BILs derived from the common parents Nipponbare (NIP) and 9311. CSSLs, chromosome segment substitution lines; BILs, backcross inbred lines.
The Development and Implementation of IMF and World Bank Conditionality
Creators: name: Dreher, Axel
name: Dreher, Axel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: IMF
subject: World Bank
subject: Conditionality
subject: Compliance
subject: Program Interruption

description: The paper presents a detailed description of IMF and World Bank conditionality and tries to explain changes in this conditionality over time as well as differences between the two institutions. Using panel data it is shown that the number of Fund conditions seem to be influenced by contemporaneous World Bank activity. Moreover, the paper tries to explain compliance with World Bank conditionality as well as interruptions of IMF programs in the recipient countries. Compliance with World Bank conditionality is lower in election years and pre-election years. Breakdowns of IMF programs are less likely in election years. However, no other political factors seem to influence interruptions and compliance systematically. The paper describes the institutions' reaction to recent criticism and concludes with implications for reform. Die mit den Krediten von IWF und Weltbank verknüpften Auflagen haben sich seit der Gründung der beiden internationalen Organisationen stark verändert. Während die Kreditvergabe zunächst nur an wenige Bedingungen geknüpft war, müssen heute eine Vielzahl von zum Teil sehr detaillierten Auflagen erfüllt werden. Diese Auflagen warden zunächst ausführlich beschrieben. Im Anschluss wird aus politisch-ökonomischer Sicht analysiert, welche Faktoren für deren Veränderung sowie Unterschiede in der Auflagenpolitik von Währungsfonds und Weltbank verantwortlich sind. Es wird außerdem versucht, die Zahl der in IWF-Programmen enthaltenen Auflagen ökonometrisch zu erklären. Dabei zeigt sich, dass diese Zahl mit dem gleichzeitigen Engagement der Weltbank in den kreditnehmenden Ländern steigt. Nachdem dargestellt wurde, inwieweit Weltbank- und IWF-Konditionen in der Vergangenheit befolgt wurden und welche Faktoren dafür verantwortlich sein könnten, wird eine weitere ökonometrische Analyse präsentiert. Es zeigt sich, dass die Auflagen der Weltbank vor Wahlen signifikant weniger häufig implementiert werden und dass Zusammenbrüche von IWF-Abkommen in Wahljahren weniger wahrscheinlich sind. Abschließend wird die Reaktion der beiden Institutionen auf die in den letzten Jahren zunehmende Kritik an ihrer Auflagenpolitik dargestellt. Außerdem werden Reformvorschläge unterbreitet.
Aspects of incremental programming
Creators: name: De Alwis, Brian S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis presents the design and implementation of Apostle, an extension to the Smalltalk programming language providing Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) functionality. Smalltalk is more than simply a language, it also encompasses a dynamic and incremental environment. Any extension to Smalltalk must preserve the properties expected of these environments, such as their immediate, incremental, and seamless natures. As such, the design process of Apostle entails more than proposing new language constructs and their implementation. We examine three parts of the system: • the design of the language extensions; • the implementation; • applying the language extensions to some real-world problems to evaluate their usefulness.