cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Significance of Gegu yaolun 格古要論
Creators: name: Łakomska, Bogna
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: Gegu yaolun 格古要論 or The Essential Criteria of Antiques by Cao Zhao 曹昭 (pseudonym Cao Mingzhong 曹明仲) is one of the oldest compendia regarding works of art and antiques to be created in China. The author of this book, published in 1388, was an ardent collector and researcher. The translation of Cao Zhao’s text into English was first made in 1971 by Sir Percival David who, in addition to the basic content, also included facsimiles from 1388 and comments from later editions considered lost in the European circles. The whole appeared under the title: Chinese Connoisseurship. The Ko Ku Yao Lun. The Essential Criteria of Antiquities. Sir Percival, in the Introduction to his work, described the intricate history of his own studies on Gegu yaolun, indicating at the same time the dates of subsequent editions of the mysterious book and the authors of extensions and additions. The completion of the book is very important as it tells us about the authority of the original textbook, which is the starting point for further research on collecting in China. The original text written by Cao Zhao was first published in 1387 in Nanjing. It consisted of three juans (chapters), one of which was later quoted in Siku Quanshu 四庫全書 (1773–1782) – the Complete books of the Four Storehouses. The entire text considered thirteen subjects, such as: ancient bronze vessels, painting, calligraphy, rubbings of model inscriptions engraved on stone steles, ancient musical instruments, ink stones, unusual stones (zhuqi 珍奇, or jades, agates, pearls, rhino horn and ivory), metal objects, faience and porcelain, textiles, unusual wooden items and strange stones.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 8 (2019): Art of the Orient
Negotiating Appropriation
Creators: name: Macioszek, Amelia
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: The beginnings of Chinese blue-and-white porcelain in Safavid Persia are naturally connected with trade between China and Persia, which took place during the Yongle reign (1402–1424), when Sino-Persian exchange entered a new era. It is worth remembering here that between 1406–1433 China launched seven major maritime expeditions that reached as far as the Indian Ocean, Ceylon, eastern coast of Africa, Persian Gulf, and Persia. Interestingly, all of these brave voyages were conducted by a Muslim admiral named Zheng He (1371–1433).1) It is due to these courageous actions that the Chinese gained sophisticated geographical knowledge and established important trade connections. It is worth noticing here that the vast crew taking part in these trips also included merchants. In 1433 the expeditions were stopped all of a sudden most probably because of the fact that China’s economy was not yet sufficiently developed to continue foreign trade expansion, which was a rather marginal activity for the overall economic situation of the country. As later history proved, this thoughtlessly and rather short-sightedly made decision turned out to be unfavourable for China, when trade was successfully conducted by the Europeans. [...]
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 8 (2019): Art of the Orient
Characterisation of the genetic diversity of the chestnut heritage, soil biodiversity and biofertility  Emilia-Romagna
Creators: name: Anzilotti, Solaria
name: Scotti, Carla Paola
name: Vittori Antisari, Livia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Sustainable forest management
biodiversity and nature management
soil management/functionality
genetic resources

description: Collective effort tostudy the genetic variability of chestnut germplasm and to enhance and promote the role of the chestnut grower as a 'guardian' of biodiversity and land protection.
José Luís Lopes Brandão, Da Quod Amem. Amor e amargor na poesia de Marcial
Creators: name: Graça, Isabel
Publisher: name: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate
Year: 1999

description: Sem resumo disponível.
description: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate, n.º 1 (1999)
As Musas ensinam a mentir (Hesíodo, Teogonia, 27-28)
Creators: name: Brandão, Jacyntho Lins
Publisher: name: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate
Year: 2000

description: Este estudo trata dos versos 27-28 da Teogonia de Hesíodo, explorando as possibilidades de interpretação do que declaram as Musas ao poeta e buscando entender o estatuto do pseûdos que elas reivindicam para a esfera de sua competência enquanto deusas. O trecho é aproximado das declarações homéricas relativas tanto às Musas, quanto às Sereias, bem como de variante da fórmula de Hesíodo aplicada a Ulisses (Odisséia 19. 203). Conclui-se que a questão da verdade e da mentira já se apresenta como complexa, exigindo do ouvinte/leitor o necessário discernimento.
description: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate, n.º 2 (2000)
PARACARATTEIN TO NOMISMA ou as várias faces da moeda
Creators: name: Júnior, Olimar Flores
Publisher: name: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate
Year: 2000

description: Este artigo tem por objetivo comentar o episódio da "falsificação da moeda", relatado por Diógenes Laércio (D.L. 6. 20-21) na sua exposição sobre a vida e o pensamento de Diógenes Cínico, buscando demonstrar que a diversidade das versões apresentadas exemplifica, de modo privilegiado, a constituição da tradição cínica.
description: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate, n.º 2 (2000)
Uma novela ecologista na Grécia antiga
Creators: name: Prieto, Maria Helena De Teves Costa Ureña
Publisher: name: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate
Year: 2000

description: Não foram os Gregos que inventaram a ciência da ecologia (embora a palavra tenha origem na língua grega), mas os seus filósofos levantaram o problema das relações dos seres vivos entre si e com o ambiente. É neste fundo de preocupações ecológicas que se situa uma história romanesca e rústica, intitulada Diálogo da Eubeia de Díon de Prusa (filósofo cínico-estóico do séc. I d. C.), onde o autor faz a apologia da vida no meio da natureza e de acordo com esta.
description: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate, n.º 2 (2000)
Japanese Pacifist and Ecological Posters
Creators: name: Kulpińska, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: Although Japanese designers are identified by their visually interesting and perfectly printed and invariably eye-catching advertising posters, it is worth remembering that they pay no less attention to those glorifying a “to be” instead of a “to have” attitude. In the modern consumeristic world of advanced technologies, anti-war and ecological posters remain ideologically at the other extreme of the world of advertising, although one could state defiantly that they “advertise” peace and an untainted environment. After all, Lex Drewinski, an eminent Polish designer who was also interested in this subject, once stated: “I’m advertising a dove of peace.” The Japanese manifest a pacifist and pro-ecological attitude in the poster in a mode that remains attractive and, even more importantly, understandable for all nations in the world. This feature ought to be emphasized, as Japanese posters are not always understandable for people of Western culture. Agata Szydłowska pointed out that: “Raised in the western cultural circle, we are used to dealing with posters whose meaning is an outcome of text and image (…) Therefore, it becomes even more challenging for us to accept and understand that the representation on the Japanese poster often says nothing, remaining an empty sign, and certainly cannot be interpreted employing the tools developed in contact with the European poster." The poster creators of Japanese origin often draw the recipient into the process of arranging emptiness; they offer an “empty vessel” that can be filled with meaning: “The Japanese wanting to express specific content at the same time leave the door open, so that this content can be exchanged according to the demand.” [...]
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 8 (2019): Art of the Orient
Serpens torquens: um tipo especial de hipérbato em latim
Creators: name: Mora, Carlos De Miguel
Publisher: name: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate
Year: 2000

description: Após a revisão do tratamento que a figura do hipérbato mereceu desde a Antiguidade até aos nossos dias, podemos constatar que os comentadores que abordaram a sua análise o fizeram sempre da perspectiva de três critérios diferentes: um exclusivamente retórico, outro morfossintáctico e um terceiro estilístico. Se os dois primeiros permitem uma classificação até a um certo ponto fechada dos tipos da dita figura, resulta porém claro que o terceiro só pode ser descritivo dos efeitos de estilo produzidos em cada ocorrência, e que só permitirá uma classificação enquanto esta seja aberta. No seguimento deste critério e com o apoio de algumas considerações efectuadas pelos poetólogos renascentistas a propósito da dispositio, pode-se conjecturar a existência de um tipo de hipérbato especializado que seja para esta figura o que a onomatopeia é para a aliteração, isto é, que permita a representação sensível do conteúdo por meio da forma. Alguns exemplos tirados do Culex da Appendix Vergiliana e da Pharsalia de Lucano demonstram que este tipo especializado de hipérbato existe realmente na literatura latina.
description: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate, n.º 2 (2000)
As mnemónicas no ensino do Grego em Portugal (sec.s XVIII e XIX)
Creators: name: Morais, Carlos
Publisher: name: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate
Year: 2000

description: Ao elaborar o seu Novo Epitome da Grammatica Grega de Porto-Real, composto na lingoa Portugueza, para uso das novas escolas de Portugal (Paris/Lisboa 1760), João Jacinto de Magalhães (1722-1790) recriou mais de uma centena das mnemónicas das gramáticas de Grego de Lancelot (Abregé e Méthode). Neste artigo, o autor pretende demonstrar que estas regras versejadas de Magalhães, que se enquadravam na nova metodologia de ensino instaurada pela Reforma Pombalina, foram um precioso auxiliar na aprendizagem do Grego em Portugal, durante mais de um século, quer através da sua gramática que teve duas edições (1760, 1814), quer através de outros compêndios que as adoptaram, por vezes com ligeiras adaptações, ou até recriaram.
description: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate, n.º 2 (2000)
Meiji Woodblock Prints by Utagawa Kokunimasa
Creators: name: Jankiewicz-Brzostowska, Monika
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: The Western world discovered the Japanese art of woodblock printing at the end of the 19th century. Europeans were fascinated by melancholic views of Mount Fuji or expressive and immensely decorative depictions of kabuki actors and geishas from the Edo period. Only in recent decades did prints from the Meiji era win the recognition and appreciation of researchers as well as the general public. The focus of this article is on chosen aspects of the iconography of a group of woodblock prints by Utagawa Kokunimasa from the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905 in the collection of the National Maritime Museum in Gdańsk.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 8 (2019): Art of the Orient
The Study of Yangliuqing New Year Picture
Creators: name: Jia, Zhou
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: Sounds of firecrackers beckon the first day of a new year, as the spring breeze warms the medicinal wine. Thousands of households under the brilliance of a morning sun, replacing wooden door charms of yesteryear.” Wang Anshi’s poem “Yuan Ri” depicts an uplifting scene of joy and activity, as well as the refreshed atmosphere during Chinese Lunar New Year. Since ancient times, people have been practicing the custom of replacing old with new, by attaching various New Year pictures such as “Door Gods” to refresh the outlook of one’s entrance as a sign of good blessings and fortune. The initial stage of this artistic form might date back to the 3rd century B.C. when there was a record of warriors drawn on peach boards. In the 10th century (the Song Dynasty), with the development of the engraving typography, the New Year picture became an independent category and presented colourful prints. The period from the 14th century to the early 20th century (the Ming and Qing Dynasty) were the heyday of New Year pictures. Their workshops were spread all over the country, comprising those such as Yangliuqing of Tianjin, Taohuawu in Jiangsu Province, Wuqiang in Hebei Province, Yangjiapu in Shandong province and Fengxiang in Shaanxi province. Among them, Yangliuqing’s New Year pictures are highly reputed as the “pinnacle of quality” within the art of New Year painting, renowned for their exquisite engravings, delicate colourings, rich diversity of styles as well as huge influence.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 8 (2019): Art of the Orient
title: Kosmee :
title: Richtlinien für die Durchführung der Prüfung auf Unterscheidbarkeit, Homogenität und Beständigkeit.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants,
Publisher: name: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,
Year: 0
Subjects: Plants
New Varieties of Plants
Cosmos

description: Zweck dieser Richtlinien („Prüfungsrichtlinien“) ist es, die in der Allgemeinen Einführung (Dokument TG/1/3) und deren verbundenen TGP-Dokumenten enthaltenen Grundsätze in detaillierte praktische Anleitung für die harmonisierte Prüfung der Unterscheidbarkeit, der Homogenität und der Beständigkeit (DUS) umzusetzen und insbesondere geeignete Merkmale für die DUS-Prüfung und die Erstellung harmonisierter Sortenbeschreibungen auszuweisen.
Patronato e clientelismo sob o olhar crítico de Juvenal
Creators: name: Graça, Isabel
Publisher: name: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate
Year: 2000

description: Perpassando aspectos pontuais das relações de patronato e clientelismo desde as origens de Roma ao período republicano, centra-se o presente trabalho na apresentação de algumas particularidades das vivências diárias dos clientes da Roma imperial, tendo por base o olhar crítico do poeta Juvenal. É com profunda e manifesta ironia que o autor satiriza diversos aspectos relativos às obrigações e proveitos do estatuto de cliente, a saber: por um lado, as andanças extenuantes pelas ruas de Roma, com vista à prestação da salutatio matinal, e a acérrima competição pela detenção da espórtula, disputada à porta de casa do patrono quer pelos clientes mais pobres, quer por libertos enriquecidos e até mesmo por magistrados; por outro lado, os benefícios auferidos, que consistem na atribuição da já referida espórtula e na ocasionalidade de uma refeição em casa do patrono, sempre parca em quantidade e em qualidade. São estes alguns dos aspectos que, segundo Juvenal, desencadeiam atitudes de indignação, desespero e rebelião por parte daqueles que, do ponto de vista social, se encontram na dependência de outrem.
description: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate, n.º 2 (2000)
Os prólogos de João de Barros: defesa de conceitos com tributo à antiguidade
Creators: name: Torrão, João Manuel Nunes
Publisher: name: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate
Year: 2000

description: João de Barros, óptimo conhecedor da antiguidade clássica, serve-se dos prólogos às Décadas da Ásia para defender uma série de conceitos e de posições que lhe pareciam adequadas ao seu tempo e às suas concepções históricas, mas não deixa de apresentar toda uma série de referências à literatura latina e à literatura grega que demonstram de forma clara não só que domina estas literaturas mas também que adopta, muitas vezes, conceitos que já tinham sido apresentados pelos autores clássicos.
description: Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate, n.º 2 (2000)
Pre-Islamic Art of Afghanistan and Pakistan
Creators: name: Balcerowicz, Piotr
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: Art is a part and a manifestation of culture, and, accordingly, research on the art of a given region is necessarily related to the research on its culture and history, and it cannot be separated from archaeology and history, on the one hand, that provide research material, and, on the other, from anthropology and cultural studies that reveal the ‘language’ of cultural symbols through which given objects of material culture can be ‘read’ and interpreted. The research area outlined in the title is a rather unspecified territorial patchwork, in the case of which it is impossible to talk about a uniform culture or a historical and cultural continuity. It is a vast region, which, throughout history, provided an environment in various segments of which various cultures developed and separate political entities were formed. It was an area of intense migration of various peoples, of which the two most important were associated with the nomadic Indo-Iranian, or Āryan, tribes that reached the territories of present Afghanistan and Pakistan in the middle of the third millennium BCE, and the Turkish people of the first millennium CE. The Indus River and the Sarasvatī River, no longer existent, from the east, the basin of the Amū Daryā River, including the so-called Transoxania, to the north, and the desert belt between Herat and Kandahar to the west could be accepted as the customary natural geographical boundaries of this region. The paper presents a survey highlighting certain aspects relating to the research conducted on the pre-Islamic art of Afghanistan and Pakistan. The region as such is enormous enough, both in its territorial and historicalcultural dimensions; therefore, understandably, the literature on this subject is correspondingly extensive, which in itself calls for a separate bibliographic volume, making it impossible to adequately discuss even the most important topics. Consequently, the present essay must necessarily be fragmentary and arbitrary when it comes to the choice of topics and is far from even approximating a systematic review.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 7 (2018): Art of the Orient
Some Details from the Representations of the Parinirvāṇa Cycle in the Art of Gandhara and Kucha
Creators: name: Zin, Monika
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: Buddhism began representing narratives early, albeit with one challenge which the artists faced: they were required to abstain from depicting the Buddha as a person. Prior to (at least) 100 CE, and for some areas even later, symbols were substituted for the figure of Buddha’s person, or the space where he would have been depicted was left empty, so that only the objects and accompanying individuals around that location made it possible for the viewer to determine where his figure was meant to be. Despite this hindrance, or perhaps because of it—as it was essential that the picture be legible even without the protagonist—Buddhist art rapidly created a complex and sophisticated system of pictorial rules which made it possible to illustrate narrative content. These rules are not always comprehensible to us. This is the case, for example, when a person or an animal appears twice in the same pictorial unit. The reverse is also true, where the protagonist appears only once although figures, animals, or objects nearby signalise that whatwe are seeing is not one episode taking place in one moment but instead several episodes which took place successively in different time periods, or even in different locations. Such method of representation is often called "conflated". Several episodes from the life-story of the Buddha (represented at first aniconically and later including the figure of the Buddha as a person) were likewise depicted in such a way. [...]
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 7 (2018): Art of the Orient
Pittori e scultori nel Diario di Carlo Cartari
Creators: name: Rinaldi, Simona
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cartari; XVII century painters; XVII century sculptors; Pietro da Cortona

description: Published version of "Simona Rinaldi, Pittori e scultori nel Diario di Carlo. Cartari, in Istituto Nazionale di Studi Romani, La storia o/e le storie nel Diario di Carlo Cartari, avvocato concistoriale romano, a cura di Letizia Lanzetta, LuoghInteriori, Ciità di Castello, 2019, pp. 49-63"
The Discovery of Two Stucco Heads of the Vidūṣaka in Gandharan Art
Creators: name: Hiyama, Satomi
name: Arlt, Robert
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: The vidūṣaka is a crucial character of the classic South-Asian theatre. He is often described as the buffoon (Spaßmacher, Hanswurst) of a play. His function, his social position (a brahmin), his funny looks, hairstyle, voice, suitable names, and other specific traits have been described by Bharata in the Nāṭyaśāstra. Both the textual sources and visual representations testify to the fact that this trickster of theatre pieces had been known in India much earlier than the compilation of the Nāṭyaśāstra. This short paper investigates two stucco heads excavated in the Gandharan region, which can be identified as the vidūṣaka according to the authors’ observation. This small but new finding will fill in the gap left in previous studies, that have attested to the presence of the vidūṣaka in both the theatrical and visual traditions in India and east Turkestan, yet had a large gap in the regions between.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 7 (2018): Art of the Orient
Figurative Monuments and Rock Art Traditions of the Kazakh Steppes
Creators: name: Novozhenov, Viktor
name: Bedelbayeva, Marina
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: The unique heritage of the Kazakh people includes ancient rock art—petroglyphs founded in the vast expanses of Saryarka, the steppes of Kazakhstan. They are still not very well known and virtually excluded from modern tourist routes. Within the administrative boundaries of the Karaganda region, covering most of Kazakh steppes, twenty-seven sites were found. The petroglyph sites are situated in the most notable places of the steppes—on the rocky outcrops on the tops and slopes of the hills, on the steep banks of small rivers drying up in the summer time. These points are visible from afar. As a rule, they are associated with numerous myths and legends of the locals and they are honoured as sacred places—’aulie’. Such landmarks are essential to cattlemen as important indicators for orientation in the vast ‘ocean’ of the steppes. Perhaps the ancient petroglyphs sites acted as ‘lighthouses’ in the vast steppes, pointed out the most convenient pastures and directions of movement. In the absence of written tradition, there is a limited number of communication channels between members of societies. Communication was limited to verbal and pictorial traditions that reflected the knowledge, accumulated by society, in the only one available form—mythological. [...]
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 7 (2018): Art of the Orient
Subject Compositions in Tuvan Rock Art
Creators: name: Kilunovskaya, Marina
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: Currently, we know of more than seventy locations of rock art in Tuva, with more than one thousand petroglyphs. Those sites are dispersed throughout the different districts of Tuva, but are mostly confined to the river valleys. We have managed to create a typology of petroglyphs in Tuva and arrange them in chronological sequence. The most ancient samples of rock art refer to Eneolythic (engraved or painted animal figures with massive, large bodies, disproportionate to their heads and limbs). The next layer is the Early bronze age, when the Okunevo culture was distributed across the territories of the Sayan-Altay upland. [...]
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 7 (2018): Art of the Orient
On the Interpretation of ‘Sun-Ray Head’ Figures
Creators: name: Shvets, Irina
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: This paper is about the ‘sun-ray head’ figures in the rock art of Central Asia that can be evidence for a specific form of prehistoric religion—shamanism. The latest discoveries of rock art sites in Central Asia have a considerable impact on the interpretation of some of the ‘sun-ray head’ figures as shamanic and the associated rock art scenes as illustrating shamanic rituals. [...]
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 7 (2018): Art of the Orient
Ibexes on Black Stones: New Petroglyphs in Surkhandarya
Creators: name: Augustinová, Anna
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: Rock art is not unique in the regions of Central Asia; in south Uzbekistan, this phenomenon has not been closely studied yet for the simple reason that no sites with rock art have been discovered. The discovery of the petroglyphs occurred during the Czech-Uzbekistani-French archaeological expedition in the autumn of 2015, in the Sherabad District in Surkhanddarya Province, south Uzbekistan. Several clusters with petroglyphs were discovered during two seasons of research (2015, 2016), and all of them were carefully documented and have been analysed.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 7 (2018): Art of the Orient
Reconstruction of the Archaeological Landscape
Creators: name: Farajova, Malahat
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: Archaeological findings support an assertion that, in the late Pleistocene, the southern and western shores of the Caspian Sea were inhabited by people. Until now, settlements of late Upper Paleolithic-Mesolithic periods have mostly been found in Gobustan (Azerbaijan), in the plain of Mazandaran (Iran), and in the mountainous part of Dagestan (the North Caucasus). Artefacts of the Upper Paleolithic-Mesolithic periods from the southern and western shores of the Caspian Sea have revealed a connection between them. The Mesolithic artefacts from the south-west shore of the Caspian Sea can be identified as a common culture from the Mesolithic period. As likely as not, the emergence of archaeological sites as a common culture on the shore of the Caspian Sea was influenced by environmental factors during the late Pleistocene-early Holocene.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 7 (2018): Art of the Orient
Hellenistic Phalerae from the burials of the nomads of Asian Sarmatia
Creators: name: Treister, Mikhail
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: The paper is devoted to silver phalerae from the 2nd-1st centuries BC nomadic burials in the vast territory of Eurasia: the burials concerned form an enormous arc stretching from the interfluve of the Lower Volga and the Ural River in the West to the east bank of the Irtysh in the East (Fig. 1, 1). The phalerae feature similar dimensions (ca. 23'–'25 cm in diameter), construction (three riveted loops on the rear) and manufacturing techniques and were used to disentangle the harness straps on horses’ shoulders. A characteristic feature of the phalerae in the group under discussion is the ‘mirror-image’ principle for the depiction—figures shown in profile facing left on one phalera and facing right on the other. However, the images were not mechanically mirror-reflected—that is clearly seen in the details. The composition found in two pairs of phalerae with scenes of fighting animals, originating from Hoard I in the J. Paul Getty Museum and assumed to be of Parthian workmanship is also based on the same principle.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 7 (2018): Art of the Orient
Griffins, Myths and Religion
Creators: name: Lymer, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2020

description: Classical writers have provided us with marvelous tales of strange hybrid creatures known as griffins that dwelt along the peripheries of their known world. These fabulous beasts with raptor heads and winged feline bodies have captured the Western imagination and have been referred to in literary works since medieval times. Dante Alighieri, for example, encountered a chariot being pulled by a griffin in the earthly Paradise of his 14th-century work the Divine Comedy. A few centuries later, the renowned story of griffins guarding gold stolen by Arimaspian thieves was incorporated into John Milton’s 17th-century epic poem Paradise Lost. Much attention has been devoted to the earliest mentions of griffins in Classical Greek texts that associate them with the mysterious Arimaspians. Their geographic origin has been a source of much scholarly debate and the proposal of the eastern edges of Central Asia has come to the fore with the discoveries of frozen tombs belonging to an early nomadic culture in the Altai mountains. One theory, though, which has gained prominence in recent years, argues the griffin was a legendary monster based on folkloric accounts of ancient sightings of dinosaur bones found in the Gobi desert that lies further beyond the Altai. A re-examination of griffin imagery in the art and archaeology of Archaic Greece and early nomadic Central Asia, however, presents a different picture. Moreover, as opposed to being mere creatures of folklore and myth, there is significant evidence for the griffin being embedded in the religious worldviews of the early nomads of the Altai.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 7 (2018): Art of the Orient
My inspirations from traditional Syrian architecture
Creators: name: Zabłocki, Wojciech
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2019

description: I visited Syria in 1982 in order to help local architects in the design of Sport City in Aleppo. I was already slightly acquainted with Arab architecture due to my earlier short visit to the Emirates. But this time it was different, I had big projects to discuss and to put forward my architectural propositions, and it was in the urban context of this magnificent town with a rich cultural history. So I began to take afternoon walks in the town with my sketchbook. I stopped before every building that, according to my knowledge and my feeling, could help me better understand the local traditions and I made some quick black-and-white sketches. I was fascinated by some characteristic delicate stone details, by the meandering, narrow streets and by the slender minarets. The powerful citadel of Aleppo impressed me with its ramparts and towers.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 6 (2017): Art of the Orient
Diplomats, etiquette, ceremonies - the unpublished letters of Łazarz Hordyński from the Ottoman Empire circa 1790
Creators: name: Hordyński, Piotr
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2019

description: Since 1787, Russia had been at war with the Ottoman Empire; Poland during the time of the Great Sejm (the parliament of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that was held in Warsaw between 1788 and 1792) tried to carry out internal reforms before the partition of the state by neighbouring powers and attempted to improve its international situation by diplomatic activity. This was the reason for Piotr Potocki leading a mission to Constantinople between 1789 and 1792.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 6 (2017): Art of the Orient
The 16th to the 18th century printed Turcica preserved in Polish collections
Creators: name: Tafiłowski, Piotr
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2019

description: I believe there is no need to convince anyone how important it is to identify and record the cultural heritage of past centuries. In Poland, there are several independent projects on recording foreign Polonica (library and archival collections of Polish provenance, currently outside of Poland). Unfortunately, these projects are run without cooperation between research teams and institutions, and joint coordination has not been considered. I devoted a separate paper to this matter and it is ready to be published. Equally important is the recording of foreign heritage located in our country - in Polish libraries, archives, museums and other collections. Unfortunately, this issue has not yet been met with broad sympathy, and thus far remains largely unrecognized.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 6 (2017): Art of the Orient
Jean (Jan) Lambert-Rucki’s artistic vision of the Ottoman women’s world of Selânik
Creators: name: Zagórski, Bogusław R.
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2019

description: On the 8th of November, 1912, the feast of Saint Demetrius, the city of Selânik سلانیك, regarded as the second most important city of the Ottoman Empire (together with Smyrna/İzmir), was surrendered to the Greek army by Tahsin Paşa, commander of the Turkish garrison. Several hours later, the rival Bulgarian army entered the suburbs of Selânik from another direction and, according to anecdotal evidence, TahsinPaşa could only inform the Bulgarian official envoys that: "I only had one Selânik, which I have already surrendered."
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 6 (2017): Art of the Orient
Ermüdungsverhalten von Betonstahl im Langzeitfestigkeitsbereich, bei Variation der Prüfmethodik sowie unter kombinierter Einwirkung von Korrosion
Creators: name: Rappl, Stefan
name: Osterminski, Kai
name: Gehlen, Christoph
Publisher: name: DIN Media; Berlin
Year: 2024

description: Für das Ermüdungsverhalten von Betonstahl im Langzeitfestigkeitsbereich liegen nur wenige Erkenntnisse vor. Dies liegt in den oft sehr langen Versuchszeiten und den damit verbundenen hohen Kosten begründet. In der Realität werden jedoch gerade diese hohen Lastwechselzahlen z.B. bei Windenergieanlagen (On- und Offshore) erreicht. Dabei wirkt neben einer dynamischen Belastung auch eine korrosive Beanspruchung auf Offshore sowie küstennahen Onshore Windenergieanlagen ein. Für die Untersuchung des Ermüdungsverhaltens von Betonstahl im Langzeitfestigkeitsbereich wurden insge- samt 218 Betonstähle hinsichtlich ihres dynamischen Verhaltens getestet. Die Herangehensweise erfolgte dabei anhand dreier separater Fragestellungen. In der ersten Fragestellung wurden dynamische Versuche bei vergleichsweise geringen Schwingweiten durchgeführt. Dadurch war es möglich, Lastwechselzahlen von bis zu 100 Mio. zu erzielen. Diese Ergebnisse wurden anschließend statistisch ausgewertet. Neben der Bruchart- Verteilung wurde ebenso die Oberflächengeometrie infolge des Herstellungs- und Weiterverarbeitungsprozes- ses näher untersucht. Fragestellung 2 beschäftigte sich mit den unterschiedlichen Prüfmethodiken. Dazu wur- den höhere Schwingweiten als im ersten Fall gewählt und die Versuche bei unterschiedlich fixierten Ober-, Mittel- und Unterspannungen durchgeführt. Die Dauerschwingergebnisse wurden mit ihrer jeweils geleisteten physikalischen Arbeit kombiniert und anschließend statistisch ausgewertet. Die letzte Fragestellung beschäf- tigte sich mit der dynamischen Kapazität von Betonstahl. Dies sollte eine Abschätzung des Ermüdungsverhal- tens von Betonstählen im gesamten dynamischen Spektrum ermöglichen. Dazu wurden die Probekörper bei einer fixierten Mittelspannung von 0 N/mm² dynamisch beansprucht. Um den Einfluss eines korrosiven Medi- ums abschätzen zu können, wurden weitere Versuche bei einer gleichzeitigen Einwirkung einer 1,5 M.-% NaCl- Lösung durchgeführt.
Kazimierz Pochwalski’s sketchbook of Eastern travels
Creators: name: Topalli, Elvan
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2019

description: Kazimierz Pochwalski was born into a family with a tradition of three generations of painters, a rarity in Poland. He studied painting, first under the guidance of his father, then at the Krakow Academy of Fine Arts under Władysław Łuszczkiewicz and Felix Szynalewski, and later, from 1876 to 1878, under Jan Matejko. He continued his studies at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts with Otto Seitz and Alexander Wagner. Before the Christmas of 1882, Pochwalski went to Paris, where he studied portrait painting in art galleries and museums. In Paris, his tutor was Leon Bonnat.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 6 (2017): Art of the Orient
An evaluation of the architecture, culture and history of the Polonezköy/Adampol settlement in Istanbul
Creators: name: Arli, V. Belgin Demirsar
name: Kaya, Şennur
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2019

description: The Adampol settlement, currently known as Polonezköy, is located in the Beykoz district of Istanbul (Appendix 1). The village was founded in the middle of the 19th century, as a result of historical and political relations between the Ottomans and Poland. Therefore, the historical process of the founding and development of the village should be summarized. After having started to deteriorate in the 15th century, Ottoman-Polish relations entered a process of peace with the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, primarily due to Russia’s increasing power. In 1768, the Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia on the grounds that they had intervened in Polish affairs. In spite of the Ottoman assistance, Polish lands were shared between Prussia, Russia and Austria in 1772. After the split, a number of Polish immigrants came to Istanbul.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 6 (2017): Art of the Orient
Distribution of Edith's Copper Tharsalea editha in Canada.
Creators: name: Arndt, Janice E.
Publisher: name: The International Lepidoptera Survey
Year: 2024
Subjects: Edith's Copper, Tharsalea editha

description: Edith's Copper (Tharsalea editha) is a butterfly of conservation interest in Canada. Observations from the past 20 years are summarized and new locations are documented. This species now occurs annually in southeastern British Columbia; however, its range remains restricted.
In search of diplomatic gifts - on a group of 18th century Polish porcelain in the Topkapi Palace collection
Creators: name: Adigüzel, Hatice
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2019

description: Relations between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire were quite close. Starting in the 15th century, with some mutual treaties, the relations between two countries often took on peaceful lines, despite the wars and conflicts intervening in between. It is accepted that the first Polish envoy was sent to establish diplomatic relations between the two countries during the reign of Mehmed I. (Ҫelebi Mehmed). And others followed. From the end of the 18th century until its dissolution, around 150 envoys visited the Ottoman Empire from Poland. In the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire started to send delegations of envoys to Poland. This is the manner in which the political, commercial and cultural dimension of such relations have been determined.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 6 (2017): Art of the Orient
Ottoman tent from Prince Czartoryski’s collection - a new look at an old tradition
Creators: name: Biedrońska-Słota, Beata
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2019

description: The memories of relationships between Poland and Turkey has become a source of some deeply entrenched myths. Notoriously persistent among them, was a belief in the incredibly rich spoils gained after the victorious battles of Polish warriors at Chocim in 1621 and 1673, Żurawno in 1676 and, most important of all, during the Vienna campaign and final victory. This belief was so prevalent that provenance from war trophies was attributed to nearly every piece of Turkish art in Polish collections. Undoubtedly, some exquisite specimens of Turkish art in Poland have been acquired in that way, as has been confirmed by sources and stylistic analyses. However, some other items were added to this group later, with the intent of embellishing tradition. The lack of evidence to support any alleged connection with war spoils and contradictory stylistic features was blithely concealed.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 6 (2017): Art of the Orient
Increased carbon sequestration by a boreal deciduous forest in years with a warm spring
Creators: name: Barr, Alan G.
name: Chen, W. J.
name: Black, T. Andrew
name: Hogg, Edward H.
name: Nesic, Zoran
name: Yang, P. C.
name: Neumann, H. H.
name: Chen, Z.
name: Arain, M. Altaf
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2011

description: A boreal deciduous forest in Saskatchewan, Canada, sequestered 144±65, 80±60, 116±35 and 290±50 g C m−2 y−1 in 1994, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. The increased carbon sequestration was the result of a warmer spring and earlier leaf emergence, which significantly increased ecosystem photosynthesis, but had little effect on respiration. The high carbon sequestration in 1998 was coincident with one of the strongest El Niño events of this century, and is considered a significant and unexpected benefit. An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright 2000 American Geophysical Union.
Ultraschallprüfungen zur Erfassung der Schädigungsentwicklung unter verschiedenen Umweltbedingungen und unter zyklischer Druckschwellbelastung
Creators: name: Beltrán, Raúl
name: Frei, Vivian
name: Marx, Steffen
Publisher: name: DIN Media; Berlin
Year: 2024

description: Derzeit ist die Instandhaltung von großen Betontragwerken wie Brücken oder Windenergieanlagen problemorientiert und von einem reaktiven Vorgehen geprägt. Das bedeutet, erst wenn sichtbare Schä- den vorliegen, werden diese meist unter Beeinträchtigung des Betriebs instand gesetzt. Im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung von prädiktiven Instandhaltungsstrategien, deren Fokus in der langfristigen Bauwerks- überwachung und der Vorhersage von Schädigungsentwicklungen liegt, wurde die Anwendung von Ult- raschallverfahren für die Identifizierung der Degradationsprozesse von Betontragwerken unter Ermü- dungsbeanspruchung untersucht. Hierzu fanden Arbeiten im vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK) geförderten Verbundprojekt WinConFat zum „Einfluss der Probengeometrie und -größe auf die Ermüdung von Beton“ an der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) und zu den "Methoden zur Zustandsanalyse von Windenergieanlagen“ am Institut für Massivbau (IfMa) der Leibniz Universität Hannover (LUH) statt, welches zudem vom Deutschen Beton- und Bautechnik Verein E.V. (Forschungsvorhaben DBV-311) gefördert wurde. Dabei wurden verschiedene Einflussfak- toren auf die Schädigungsentwicklung unter Ermüdungsbeanspruchung wie die Probekörpergröße, das Belastungsniveau und die Betonfestigkeit untersucht. Als Schädigungsindikator und Vergleichsparame- ter wurden die Ultraschallgeschwindigkeit und der dynamische E-Modul des Betons verwendet. Um das Potential der Schädigungserfassung im Beton mittels Ultraschallprüfung umfassender zu bewerten, wurden zusätzlich Versuche an Betonproben unter monoton steigender Belastung, Kriechversuche, Temperaturversuche und Untersuchungen an großformatigen Balken durchgeführt
European and Exotic - Jan III Sobieski’s commemorative and representative strategies towards Polish-Ottoman relations
Creators: name: Jagodzinski, Sabine
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2019

description: Żółkiew (today Zhovkva, Ukraine), near Lwów (Lviv), was one of the favourite residences of Jan III Sobieski (1629-1696). Founded by his great-grandfather, Stanisław Żółkiewski (1547-1620), great Hetman and vice-chancellor of the Polish Crown, and situated on the south-eastern borders of the Polish Commonwealth, it was always within reach of Tatar and Ottoman expansion. This is obvious, not only with regard to its geographical location, but may also be observed in the structures and decoration of the edifices. The four-winged castle in Żółkiew, with four edge towers and small windows, followed a type of palazzo in fortezza. As usual for this residence type during the time of Żółkiewski, it had a court but as yet no landscaped park. The representative rooms, especially the main hall or dining hall, were decorated with the favourite armour of the owner and family portraits.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 6 (2017): Art of the Orient
Treaties in historical studies - the 1607 trade treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Poland
Creators: name: Ustaoğlu, Züleyha
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2019

description: After the Ottoman Empire had established itself as the dominant power in the Black Sea, it started to form relationships with other states on the shores of the Black Sea. The first relations between the Ottomans and Poland began in 1414, with the request of the King of Hungary to Poland for assistance in the fight against the Ottomans. The King of Poland, Wla- dyslaw Jagiello, sent Skarbek of Góra and the Armenian Gregory to Mehmed I as ambassadors to negotiate. As a result, Mehmed I signed a six-year treaty with Hungary. On the 22nd March, 1489, Kazimierz IV Jagiellon sent two ambassadors to the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II and succeeded in signing the two-year treaty. This treaty was renewed during the reign of Jan Olbracht (Jan Albert) and articles regarding trade were included.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 6 (2017): Art of the Orient
The views of Erasmus of Rotterdam and his Polish followers on war against the Turks
Creators: name: Tafiłowski, Piotr
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2019

description: In the first three decades of the 16th century, Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536) became a “one-man-institution”, and, at the same time, despite all his love for his native Netherlands - ‘a citizen of Europe’. I am aware of the ‘ahistoricity’ of these declarations; nevertheless, I believe they provide an accurate description of the phenomenon we are dealing with in the case of this figure. It might be more accurate to say, however, that he was a citizen of the Respublica Litteraria, for whom ethnicity, nationality, political or state affiliations were of little importance, and fade into the distance, in view of his immersion in the world of classical philology and culture. In the present text, I am going, first of all, to analyse Erasmus’s opinion on ‘the Turkish issue’ and his position on the struggle against the Ottoman Empire. The other subject of interest for me, is Erasmus’s impact on Polish humanists and poets in this respect. This issue, examined from many points of view, has already been investigated by many mainly Polish (but not exclusively) historians, literary scholars and philologists. The question has been studied by Wacława Szelińska, Zofia Szmydtowa, Maria Cytowska, Janusz Tazbir, Henryk Barycz, Leszek Hajdukiewicz, Stanisław Łempicki, Claude Backvis and finally Piotr Tafiłowski. Erasmus’s influence on the anti-Trinitarian writers has been analysed by Konrad Górski.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 6 (2017): Art of the Orient
Polish and Lithuanian Tatars. One history and two stories
Creators: name: Warmińska, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: Art of the Orient
Year: 2019

description: In my paper, I would like to discuss the current status of the ethnicity of two Tatar communities - Lithuanian and Polish - which, for almost 600 years, have been part of one ethnos, separated by national borders, which therefore experienced different social and political conditions a few decades ago. I would like to take a closer look at the similarities and differences pertaining to the character of the ethnicity of Polish and Lithuanian Tatars, with special focus on the impact of the above mentioned conditions on their identity. I am particularly interested in the interpretation of ethnic history shared by each group. In that context, I am going to analyse four films to show how Polish and Lithuanian Tartars have used their cultural resources, for example history and the past, (partly shared, partly different) to describe their ethnic characteristics.
description: Art of the Orient, Bd. 6 (2017): Art of the Orient