cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Recycling Technologies to Close the Loop for PV Materials
Creators: name: Meskers, C.E.M.
name: Vandenbroeck, K.
name: Vliegen, J.
name: De Ruijter, I.
name: Dalle, T.
name: Rigby, P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3683-3687
description: The present and future growth of the photovoltaic industry will place strong demands on certain PV metals
or “critical” materials, which has led to a debate on their future availability. Typical for the PV metals silver, indium,
selenium, tellurium, germanium, gallium and cadmium is that their primary supply mostly depends on the mining of
major metals such as copper, lead or zinc. This coupled production affects metal supply. Effective recycling becomes a
key issue in reducing the risk of potential supply shortages. A significant source of material is the waste created during
cell and module manufacturing. The often complex nature of the material requires new technological solutions. Umicore
has developed and operates an efficient and environmentally sound recycling process to recover Cu, In, Ga and Se from
CIGS production scraps in addition to its existing spent ITO target recycling process. The processes close the metal loop
by making material again available for manufacturing, and reduce the impact of price fluctuations as the supplier may
remain owner of the metals during the recycling process. Lastly, being more cost and energy efficient than primary
production recycling further enhances the green nature of PV technology.
Lebensdauer von LED-Baugruppen
Creators: name: Stöger, Fabian
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2022
Subjects: LED
Lebensdauer
Temperatur
Materialalterung
Beschleunigte Alterung
light-emitting-diode
lifetime
temperature
material degradation
accelerated testing

description: Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen der Degradation, der in der LED eingesetzten Packagematerialien auf die Gesamtalterung von LED-Bauteilen. Dazu werden die im Bauteil vorkommenden Fehlermechanismen anhand der Alterung der verwendeten Packagematerialien beschrieben, vorhergesagt und miteinander in Verbindung gesetzt. Aus den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen werden Ansätze zur Verbesserung der Langzeitstabilität von LED-Baugruppen abgeleitet.
Space charge and screening in bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Kolomeisky, Eugene B.
name: Straley, Joseph P.
name: Abrams, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Undoped bilayer graphene is a two-dimensional semimetal with a low-energy excitation spectrum that is parabolic in the momentum. As a result, the screening of an arbitrary external charge $Ze$ is accompanied by a reconstruction of the ground state: valence band electrons (for $Z>0$) are promoted to form a space charge around the charge while the holes leave the physical picture. The outcome is flat neutral object resembling the regular atom except that for $Z \gg 1$ it is described by a strictly linear Thomas-Fermi theory. This theory also predicts that the bilayer's static dielectric constant is the same as that of a two-dimensional electron gas in the long-wavelength limit.
description: 4+0 pages, 1 figure, minor changes, version to be published as a Letter in JPCM
An experiment in access
Creators: name: MacDonald, Sally
Publisher: name: International Committee for University Museums and Collections (UMAC)
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 060 Organisationen, Museumswissenschaft

description: The Petrie Museum has conducted significant quantitative and qualitative research with academic audiences and with the general public, and is experimenting with new ways of presenting its collections to address a broader audience. 'Ancient Egypt: Digging for Dreams' is one such experiment - a travelling exhibition of objects from the collection showing at public galleries in London and Glasgow. This paper looks at public and academic responses to the exhibition and some of the issues these raise for the university museum.
description: O Museu Petrie do University College, em Londres, tern desenvolvido de forma intensa os estudos de pûblicos, quer do ponto de- vista qualitativo quer quantitativo. O principal objectivo dos estudos realizados prende-se com as novas formas de apresentaçâo das colecçôes a pûblicos sucessivamente mais alargados. A exposiçâo itinerante 'Ancient Egypt: Digging for Dreams', aqui descrita, constitui urna dessas experiências. Apresentada em Londres e em-Glasgow, esta singular exposiçâo desencadeou reacçôes intéressantes, quer por parte do publico em geral quer por parte da academia. Este artigo reflecte sobre essas reacçôes e suas implicaçôes no contexto de um museu universitario.
Metallization of Rear-Side Passivated Cells: Improving Quality of Local Contacts and Thermal Stability of Dielectric Films
Creators: name: Fang, T.
name: Lin, C.-M.
name: Li, K.-J.
name: Wang, L.-T.
name: Tang, W.-C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2220-2222
description: Metallization quality is an issue for screen-printed PERC cells. Cavities are easily formed on local contacts and lead to high resistance and low Voc owing to thinner BSF layer. In this paper, three different methods were adopted for reducing the ratio of local contacts with cavities: preventing surface damage caused by opening, adjusting printing of Al pastes, and tuning the firing profiles. It’s revealed that lower surface damage, printing line-patterned Al with less pastes, and adopting broaden firing profiles are effective for preventing formation of cavities on local contacts of PERC cells.
The Galactic Center: A PeV Cosmic Ray Acceleration Factory
Creators: name: Guo, Yi-Qing
name: Tian, Zhen
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Li, Hai-Jin
name: Chen, Tian-Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multi-TeV $γ$-rays from the Galactic Center (GC) have a cutoff at tens of TeV, whereas the diffuse emission has no such cutoff, which is regarded as an indication of PeV proton acceleration by the HESS experiment. It is important to understand the inconsistency and study the possibility that PeV cosmic-ray acceleration could account for the apparently contradictory point and diffuse $γ$-ray spectra. In this work, we propose that the cosmic rays are accelerated up to $>$PeV in GC. The interaction between cosmic rays and molecular clouds is responsible for the multi-TeV $γ$-ray emissions from both the point source and diffuse sources today. Enhanced by the small volume filling factor (VFF) of the clumpy structure, the absorption of the $γ$-rays leads to a sharp cutoff spectrum at tens of TeV produced in the GC. Away from galactic center, the VFF grows and the absorption enhancement becomes negligible. As a result, the spectra of $γ$-ray emissions for both point source and diffuse sources can be successfully reproduced under such self-consistent picture. In addition, a "surviving-tail" at $\sim$100 TeV is expected from the point source, which can be observed by future projects CTA and LHAASO. Neutrinos are simultaneously produced during proton-proton (PP) collision. With 5-10 years observations, the KM3Net experiment will be able to detect the PeV source according to our calculation.
Probing a slepton Higgs on all frontiers
Creators: name: Biggio, Carla
name: Dror, Jeff Asaf
name: Grossman, Yuval
name: Ng, Wee Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study several aspects of supersymmetric models with a $U(1)_R$ symmetry where the Higgs doublet is identified with the superpartner of a lepton. We derive new, stronger bounds on the gaugino masses based on current measurements, and also propose ways to probe the model up to scales of $\mathcal{O}(10\, \textrm{TeV})$ at future $e^+e^-$ colliders. Since the $U(1)_R$ symmetry cannot be exact, we analyze the effects of $R$-symmetry breaking on neutrino masses and proton decay. In particular, we find that getting the neutrino mixing angles to agree with experiments in a minimal model requires a UV cutoff for the theory at around $ 10 \text{ TeV} $.
description: 33 pages, 5 figures; v2: added reference. Matches version published in JHEP
Terminal-Pairability in Complete Graphs
Creators: name: Györi, Ervin
name: Mezei, Tamás Róbert
name: Mészáros, Gábor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate terminal-pairability properties of complete graphs and improve the known bounds in two open problems. We prove that the complete graph $K_n$ on $n$ vertices is terminal-pairable if the maximum degree $Δ$ of the corresponding demand graph $D$ is at most $2\lfloor\frac{n}{6}\rfloor-2$. We also verify the terminal-pairability property when the number of edges in $D$ does not exceed $2n-5$ and $Δ\leq n-1$ holds.
description: 11 pages, 4 figure
The GMRT 150 MHz All-sky Radio Survey: First Alternative Data Release TGSS ADR1
Creators: name: Intema, H. T.
name: Jagannathan, P.
name: Mooley, K. P.
name: Frail, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first full release of a survey of the 150 MHz radio sky, observed with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope between April 2010 and March 2012 as part of the TGSS project. Aimed at producing a reliable compact source survey, our automated data reduction pipeline efficiently processed more than 2000 hours of observations with minimal human interaction. Through application of innovative techniques such as image-based flagging, direction-dependent calibration of ionospheric phase errors, correcting for systematic offsets in antenna pointing, and improving the primary beam model, we created good quality images for over 95 percent of the 5336 pointings. Our data release covers 36,900 square degrees (or 3.6 pi steradians) of the sky between -53 deg and +90 deg DEC, which is 90 percent of the total sky. The majority of pointing images have a background RMS noise below 5 mJy/beam with an approximate resolution of 25" x 25" (or 25" x 25" / cos (DEC - 19 deg) for pointings south of 19 deg DEC). We have produced a catalog of 0.62 Million radio sources derived from an initial, high reliability source extraction at the 7 sigma level. For the bulk of the survey, the measured overall astrometric accuracy is better than 2" in RA and DEC, while the flux density accuracy is estimated at ~10 percent. Within the scope of the TGSS ADR project, the source catalog as well as 5336 mosaic images (5 deg x 5 deg) and an image cutout service, are made publicly available online as a service to the astronomical community. Next to enabling a wide range of different scientific investigations, we anticipate that these survey products provide a solid reference for various new low-frequency radio aperture array telescopes (LOFAR, LWA, MWA, SKA-low), and can play an important role in characterizing the EoR foreground. The TGSS ADR project aims at continuously improving the quality of the survey data products.
description: 29 pages, 27 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Data products available via http://tgssadr.strw.leidenuniv.nl/
The Partial Visibility Representation Extension Problem
Creators: name: Chaplick, Steven
name: Guśpiel, Grzegorz
name: Gutowski, Grzegorz
name: Krawczyk, Tomasz
name: Liotta, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.3.5
subject: 68U05

description: For a graph $G$, a function $ψ$ is called a \emph{bar visibility representation} of $G$ when for each vertex $v \in V(G)$, $ψ(v)$ is a horizontal line segment (\emph{bar}) and $uv \in E(G)$ iff there is an unobstructed, vertical, $\varepsilon$-wide line of sight between $ψ(u)$ and $ψ(v)$. Graphs admitting such representations are well understood (via simple characterizations) and recognizable in linear time. For a directed graph $G$, a bar visibility representation $ψ$ of $G$, additionally, puts the bar $ψ(u)$ strictly below the bar $ψ(v)$ for each directed edge $(u,v)$ of $G$. We study a generalization of the recognition problem where a function $ψ'$ defined on a subset $V'$ of $V(G)$ is given and the question is whether there is a bar visibility representation $ψ$ of $G$ with $ψ(v) = ψ'(v)$ for every $v \in V'$. We show that for undirected graphs this problem together with closely related problems are \NP-complete, but for certain cases involving directed graphs it is solvable in polynomial time.
description: Appears in the Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2016)
Criteria for guaranteed breakdown in two-phase inhomogeneous bodies
Creators: name: Bardsley, Patrick
name: Primrose, Michael S.
name: Zhao, Michael
name: Boyle, Jonathan
name: Briggs, Nathan
name: Koch, Zoe
name: Milton, Graeme W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Lower bounds are obtained on the maximum field strength in one or both phases in a body containing two-phases. These bounds only incorporate boundary data that can be obtained from measurements at the surface of the body, and thus may be useful for determining if breakdown has necessarily occurred in one of the phases, or that some other nonlinearities have occurred. It is assumed the response of the phases is linear up to the point of electric, dielectric, or elastic breakdown, or up to the point of the onset of nonlinearities. These bounds are calculated for conductivity, with one or two sets of boundary conditions, for complex conductivity (as appropriate at fixed frequency when the wavelength is much larger than the body, i.e., for quasistatics), and for two-dimensional elasticity. Sometimes the bounds are optimal when the field is constant in one of the phases, and using the algorithm of Kang, Kim, and Milton (2012) a wide variety of inclusion shapes having this property, for appropriately chosen bodies and appropriate boundary conditions, are numerically constructed. Such inclusions are known as $E_Ω$-inclusions.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures
Enhanced Rates for Diphoton Resonances in the MSSM
Creators: name: Djouadi, Abdelhak
name: Pilaftsis, Apostolos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple mechanism for copiously producing heavy Higgs bosons with enhanced decay rates to two photons at the LHC, within the context of the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM). In the CP-conserving limit of the theory, such a diphoton resonance may be identified with the heavier CP-even $H$ boson, whose gluon-fusion production and decay into two photons are enhanced by loops of the lightest supersymmetric partner of the top quark $\tilde{t}_1$ when its mass $m_{\tilde{t}_1}$ happens to be near the $\tilde{t}^*_1\tilde{t}_1$ threshold, i.e.~for $m_{\tilde{t}_1}\!\simeq \!\frac12 M_H$. The scenario requires a relatively low supersymmetry-breaking scale $M_S\stackrel{}{{}_\sim} 1$ TeV, that lead to a strong $H \tilde{t}^*_1 \tilde{t}_1$ coupling. Such parameters can accommodate the observed mass and standard-like couplings of the 125 GeV $h$ boson in the MSSM, while satisfying all other constraints from the LHC and dark matter searches. Additional enhancement to the diphoton rate could be provided by Coulombic QCD corrections and, to a lesser extent, by resonant contributions due to $\tilde{t}_1^* \tilde{t}_1$ bound states. To discuss the characteristic features of such a scenario, we consider as an illustrative example the case of a diphoton resonance with a mass of approximately 750 GeV, for which an excess was observed in the early LHC 13 TeV data and which later turned out to be simply a statistical fluctuation.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, title changed and content revised in light of the current LHC results, to appear in Physics Letters B
Neurally-Guided Procedural Models: Amortized Inference for Procedural Graphics Programs using Neural Networks
Creators: name: Ritchie, Daniel
name: Thomas, Anna
name: Hanrahan, Pat
name: Goodman, Noah D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Probabilistic inference algorithms such as Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) provide powerful tools for constraining procedural models in computer graphics, but they require many samples to produce desirable results. In this paper, we show how to create procedural models which learn how to satisfy constraints. We augment procedural models with neural networks which control how the model makes random choices based on the output it has generated thus far. We call such models neurally-guided procedural models. As a pre-computation, we train these models to maximize the likelihood of example outputs generated via SMC. They are then used as efficient SMC importance samplers, generating high-quality results with very few samples. We evaluate our method on L-system-like models with image-based constraints. Given a desired quality threshold, neurally-guided models can generate satisfactory results up to 10x faster than unguided models.
QuickProbs 2: towards rapid construction of high-quality alignments of large protein families
Creators: name: Gudys, Adam
name: Deorowicz, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Increasing size of sequence databases caused by the development of high throughput sequencing, poses multiple alignment algorithms to face one of the greatest challenges yet. As we show, well-established techniques employed for increasing alignment quality, i.e., refinement and consistency, are ineffective when large protein families are of interest. We present QuickProbs 2, an algorithm for multiple sequence alignment. Based on probabilistic models, equipped with novel column-oriented refinement and selective consistency, it offers outstanding accuracy. When analysing hundreds of sequences, QuickProbs 2 is significantly better than Clustal Omega, the previous leader for processing numerous protein families. In the case of smaller sets, for which consistency-based methods are the best performing, QuickProbs 2 is also superior to the competitors. Due to computational scalability of selective consistency and utilisation of massively parallel architectures, presented algorithm is comparable to Clustal Omega in terms of execution time, and orders of magnitude faster than full consistency approaches, like MSAProbs or PicXAA. All these make QuickProbs 2 a useful tool for aligning families ranging from few, to hundreds of proteins. QuickProbs 2 is available at https://github.com/refresh-bio/QuickProbs.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Si Powder Based Substrates and Wafer Equivalent Based Solar Cells: Results of the European Project ThinSi
Creators: name: Ulyashin, A.
name: Vardavoulias, M.
name: Kamnis, S.
name: Gløckner, R.
name: Emamifard, B.
name: Reber, S.
name: Hampel, J.
name: Drießen, M.
name: Van Hoeymissen, J.
name: Kuzma-Filipek, I.
name: Stange, M.
name: Syvertsen, M.
name: Cooke, M.
name: Xu, C.
name: Beekmann, K.
name: Proudfoot, G.
name: Bailey, L.
name: Choy, K.-L.
name: Sytchkova, A.
name: Kozodaev, D.
name: Tian, M.
name: Vazquez, M.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2202-2205
description: ThinSi is a medium-scale focused research project founded by the European Commission, which aims
to develop a solar cell processing chain for high throughput, cost-effective manufacturing of thin film silicon based
solar cells on low-cost silicon supporting substrates. The substrates are made from the low-cost Si powder on the
basis of innovative powder-to-substrate concepts using (i) spark plasma sintering, (ii) thermal spay, (iii) any other
alternative method. Moreover, casting of a multi-Si ingot followed by sawing of wafers is used as a reference
approach to prepare wafer equivalent based solar cells. Essential part of the ThinSi activity was concentrated so far
on fabrication of Si powder with the desired purity, crystallinity and particle size. Experience from the partners using
the Si powder for thermal spraying and tape casting followed by a spark plasma sintering (SPS), showed that a
special refinement and adjustment of the Si powder quality was needed for each Si wafer sintering method, both with
regard to conductivity and particle size distribution. It was established that a spark plasma sintering (SPS) of silicon
powder with and without doping elements is a promising method to produce Si wafers with the desirable properties
(dense structure and conductivity < 0.01 Ωcm) with diameters up to 200 mm2. Free standing ~300-500 μm thick
50x65 mm2 as well as 156x156 mm2 Si wafers have been produced from a low-cost and solar grade Si powders by
the thermal spray method. These wafers exhibit all necessary properties (mechanical stability, ~0.01 Ωcm
conductivity), Cost effective processes for the formation of a thin film silicon base on top of the low-cost supporting
substrate based on: (i) high-temperature CVD, (ii) high temperature magnetron sputtering, (iii) thermal spray are
under the development in this project. An advanced approach for the optical confinement based on incorporation of a
porous Si Bragg reflector in the thin Si solar cell structure is applied for the solar cell processing. First solar cells on
Si powder based substrates prepared via wafering of an ingot made of re-melted B-doped low purity silicon powder
have been processed. The conversion efficiency for the best solar cell processed so far reached 11.9%.
Theory of spin loss at metallic interfaces
Creators: name: Belashchenko, K. D.
name: Kovalev, Alexey A.
name: van Schilfgaarde, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interfacial spin-flip scattering plays an important role in magnetoelectronic devices. Spin loss at metallic interfaces is usually quantified by matching the magnetoresistance data for multilayers to the Valet-Fert model, while treating each interface as a fictitious bulk layer whose thickness is $δ$ times the spin-diffusion length. By employing the properly generalized circuit theory and the scattering matrix approaches, we derive the relation of the parameter $δ$ to the spin-flip transmission and reflection probabilities at an individual interface. It is found that $δ$ is proportional to the square root of the probability of spin-flip scattering. We calculate the spin-flip transmission probability for flat and rough Cu/Pd interfaces using the Landauer-Büttiker method based on the first-principles electronic structure and find $δ$ in reasonable agreement with experiment.
description: 5 pages + supplementary material, 3 figures, version accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett
Development Towards Pilot Line Efficiency Improvements of >19% Industrially Viable IBC Solar Cells
Creators: name: Cascant, M.
name: Morecroft, D.
name: Yuste, H.
name: Lamers, M.W.P.E.
name: Mewe, A.A.
name: Romijn, I.G.
name: Bende, E.E.
name: Komatsu, Y.
name: Weeber, A.W.
name: Cesar, I.
name: Castano, F.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2223-2226
description: Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) solar cells with >19% efficiencies have been fabricated using ntype
silicon wafers and well-demonstrated high-volume solar cell process technologies alone. An optimized Front
Surface Field (FSF) allows excellent current collection with Jsc values as high as 41.5 mA/cm2. High Pseudo Fill
Factors (PFF) of above 81% and reduced Fill Factors (FF) of below 72%, have been obtained. Modelling of
series resistance indicates a major contribution of the lateral transport of the carriers, mainly limited by low FSF
and bulk conductivities. The process flow described is currently being transferred to a pilot production line and
further possible process improvements are discussed.
The burden and trend of diseases and their risk factors in Australia, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Creators: name: Collaborators, GBD 2019 Australia
name: Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
name: Ansar, Adnan
name: Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz
name: Edvardsson, David
name: Efendi, Ferry
name: Islam, M Mofizul
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: BACKGROUND: A comprehensive understanding of temporal trends in the disease burden in Australia is lacking, and these trends are required to inform health service planning and improve population health. We explored the burden and trends of diseases and their risk factors in Australia from 1990 to 2019 through a comprehensive analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. METHODS: In this systematic analysis for GBD 2019, we estimated all-cause mortality using the standardised GBD methodology. Data sources included primarily vital registration systems with additional data from sample registrations, censuses, surveys, surveillance, registries, and verbal autopsies. A composite measure of health loss caused by fatal and non-fatal disease burden (disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs]) was calculated as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs). Comparisons between Australia and 14 other high-income countries were made. FINDINGS: Life expectancy at birth in Australia improved from 77·0 years (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 76·9-77·1) in 1990 to 82·9 years (82·7-83·1) in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, the age-standardised death rate decreased from 637·7 deaths (95% UI 634·1-641·3) to 389·2 deaths (381·4-397·6) per 100 000 population. In 2019, non-communicable diseases remained the major cause of mortality in Australia, accounting for 90·9% (95% UI 90·4-91·9) of total deaths, followed by injuries (5·7%, 5·3-6·1) and communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (3·3%, 2·9-3·7). Ischaemic heart disease, self-harm, tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer, stroke, and colorectal cancer were the leading causes of YLLs. The leading causes of YLDs were low back pain, depressive disorders, other musculoskeletal diseases, falls, and anxiety disorders. The leading risk factors for DALYs were high BMI, smoking, high blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose, and drug use. Between 1990 and 2019, all-cause DALYs decreased by 24·6% (95% UI 21·5-28·1). Relative to similar countries, Australia's ranking improved for age-standardised death rates and life expectancy at birth but not for YLDs and YLLs between 1990 and 2019. INTERPRETATION: An important challenge for Australia is to address the health needs of people with non-communicable diseases. The health systems must be prepared to address the increasing demands of non-communicable diseases and ageing. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
A comparison of online and live training of livestock farmers for an on-farm self-assessment of animal welfare
Creators: name: Michaelis, Sarina
name: Schubbert, Antje
name: Gieseke, Daniel
name: Cimer, Kornel
name: Zapf, Rita
name: Lühken, Sally
name: March, Solveig
name: Brinkmann, Jan
name: Schultheiß, Ute
name: Knierim, Ute
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: animal welfare
subject: training
subject: animal-based indicators
subject: self-assessment
subject: reliability
subject: feasibility
subject: 570
subject: 590
subject: Selbsteinschätzung
subject: Tierschutz
subject: Landwirt
subject: Schulung

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Bifacial n-Type c-Si Solar Cells with Screen-Printed Aluminium-Alloyed p+ Emitters
Creators: name: Untila, G.
name: Kost, T.
name: Chebotareva, A.
name: Poroykov, A.
name: Vlasenko, M.
name: Mikhitaryan, V.
name: Garanzha, S.
name: Vityuk, S.
name: Zaks, M.
name: Sitnikov, A.
name: Solodukha, O.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2170-2173
description: The objective of this work was to develop a bifacial version of (p+nn+)Cz-Si solar cell with aluminiumalloyed
p+ emitter, at that, based on the Laminated Grid Cell (LGCell) design, i.e. with the current collecting system
made of copper wire attached to transparent conducting oxide layer, which acts as a transparent electrode as well as an
antireflection and passivation coating; at that Indium-Fluorine-Oxide (IFO) film is used on n+-Si diffused layer and Indium-
Tin-Oxide (ITO) film – on p+-Si layer. In reference monofacial version, based on IFO/(n+np+)Cz-Si/Al structure
with a full-area non-passivated Al-p+ side, the wires make contact to screen-printed aluminium paste. For the reference
monofacial cell, we demonstrate performance with rear efficiency of 17.3%. To obtain bifacial solar cells, aluminium
paste matrix was removed and p+ layer was thinned by etch-back from 13 Ω/ to 18 Ω/ (cell #A18), 26 Ω/ (cell #A26)
and 38 Ω/ (cell #A38). It was revealed that the rear efficiency of bifacial ITO/(p+nn+)Cz-Si/IFO solar cells is considerably
lower than of the reference monofacial cell: 14.5% (#A18), 14.7% (#A26) and 14.8% (#A38). This great drop in
efficiency is caused mainly by the reduction of the photocurrent (from 33.4 mA/cm2 down to 29 mA/cm2 for cell #A18).
However, thinning of the emitter slightly restored the photocurrent (up to 29.8 mA/cm2 for cell #A38) and, correspondingly,
the efficiency. Front efficiency of bifacial cells considerably increased with the p+ emitter thinning from 11.4%
(#A18) up to 14% (#A38) mainly due to the increase in photocurrent from 22.8 mA/cm2 up to 28.5 mA/cm2 (+25%). It
was also revealed that an additional annealing of the (p+nn+)Cz-Si structure after aluminium matrix removal considerably
improves the rear efficiency of the bifacial cell up to 16.5% mainly due to the restore of the photocurrent (up to
34.5 mA/cm2), which is even higher as compared with the reference cell.
Conformal embeddings of affine vertex algebras in minimal $W$-algebras II: decompositions
Creators: name: Adamovic, Drazen
name: Kac, Victor G.
name: Frajria, Pierluigi Moseneder
name: Papi, Paolo
name: Perse, Ozren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present methods for computing the explicit decomposition of the minimal simple affine $W$-algebra $W_k(\mathfrak g, θ)$ at a conformal level $k$ as a module for its maximal affine subalgebra $\mathcal V_k(\mathfrak g^{\natural})$. A particular emphasis is given on the application of affine fusion rules to the determination of branching rules. In almost all cases when $\mathfrak g^{\natural}$ is a semisimple Lie algebra, we show that, for a suitable conformal level $k$, $W_k(\mathfrak g, θ)$ is isomorphic to an extension of $\mathcal V_k(\mathfrak g^{\natural})$ by its simple module. We are able to prove that in certain cases $W_k(\mathfrak g, θ)$ is a simple current extension of $\mathcal V_k(\mathfrak g^{\natural})$. In order to analyze more complicated non simple current extensions at conformal levels, we present an explicit realization of the simple $W$-algebra $W_{k}(sl(4), θ)$ at $k=-8/3$. We prove, as conjectured in arXiv:1407.1527, that $W_{k}(sl(4), θ)$ is isomorphic to the vertex algebra $\mathcal R^{(3)}$, and construct infinitely many singular vectors using screening operators. We also construct a new family of simple current modules for the vertex algebra $V_k (sl(n))$ at certain admissible levels and for $V_k (sl(m | n)), m\ne n, m,n\geq 1$ at arbitrary levels.
description: 48 pages, latex file. Final version, to appear in Japanese Mathematical Journal
Crop Diversification and Soil Biodiversity
Creators: name: Zornoza, Raúl
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Crop diversification
crop rotation,
agroforestry
soil
biodiversity

description: Adoption of new management practices to increase crop production and quality (Crop Diversification and Soil Biodiversity) This work was funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project SoildiverAgro [grant agreement 817819].
Direct measurement of excited-state dipole matrix elements using electromagnetically induced transparency in the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime
Creators: name: Whiting, Daniel J
name: Keaveney, James
name: Adams, Charles S
name: Hughes, Ifan G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying large magnetic fields to gain access to the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime can isolate three-level systems in a hot alkali metal vapors, thereby simplifying usually complex atom-light interactions. We use this method to make the first direct measurement of the $\vert\langle 5P\vert\vert er\vert\vert 5D\rangle\vert$ matrix element in $^{87}$Rb. An analytic model with only three levels accurately models the experimental electromagnetically induced transparency spectra and extracted Rabi frequencies are used to determine the dipole matrix element. We measure $\vert\langle 5P_{3/2}\vert\vert er\vert\vert 5D_{5/2}\rangle\vert = (2.290\pm0.002_{\rm stat}\pm0.04_{\rm syst})~ea_{0}$ which is in excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations of Safronova, Williams, and Clark [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{69}, 022509 (2004)].
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Single-Step Diffusion Selective Emitter for Metal-Wrap-Through (MWT) Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Chen, B.-C.
name: Chen, S.-Y.
name: Du, C.-H.
name: Lu, W.-H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2191-2193
description: In this study, we apply a process for the formation of the low cost selective-emitter MWT solar cell.
Selective-emitter was achieved by opening diffusion barrier with screen-printed etching-paste and by making
different doping concentration emitters through POCl3 diffusion. Compares with conventional solar cell, selectiveemitter
MWT solar cell efficiency improves more than 0.7%. The average efficiency of the fabricated 5” ×5”
multicrystalline silicon selective-emitter MWT cells is 16.73%.
Development and implementation of an automatic system for verification, validation and delivery of laboratory test results
Creators: name: Guidi, Gian Cesare
name: Poli, Giovanni
name: Bassi, Antonella
name: Giobelli, Luca
name: Benetollo, Pier Paolo
name: Lippi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Kooperation de Gruyter
Year: 2009

description: Background: The verification/validation of laboratory test results is one of the most critical aspects of the total testing process, which may produce conflicts between competencies and duties at the point of professional crossroads. This process has centered for decades on the human component, with positive effects as well as potential adverse consequences (postanalytical errors). Manual validation of data is a time-consuming activity, is inherently subjective and arbitrary, and requires the constant presence of postgraduate physicians or biologists within the laboratory with adverse economical and organizational impacts. To overcome these inherent limitations, we have developed and implemented in our stat department an automatic system for verification, validation and delivery of laboratory results. Methods: The procedure is based on automatic validation of test results by an expert system, coupled with remote wireless connection, which allows the laboratory professional “on call” to access, visualize, analyze, validate and deliver alert values (suspect, erroneous or critical) using a small laptop. This system also provides five phases where preanalytical and analytical errors can be identified and handled. Results and conclusions: Six months following implementation of this innovative system, which can be customized to facilitate a wide variety of laboratory workflow models, the reporting efficiency of our stat laboratory has greatly improved, reducing manual data entry, and increasing the timeliness and utility of test results. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:1355–60.
Age-specific survival trends and life-years lost in women with breast cancer 1990–2016: the NORDCAN survival studies
Creators: name: Lundberg, Frida E.
name: Kroman, Niels
name: Lambe, Mats
name: Andersson, Therese M.-L.
name: Engholm, Gerda
name: Johannesen, Tom Børge
name: Virtanen, Anni
name: Pettersson, David
name: Ólafsdóttir, Elínborg J.
name: Birgisson, Helgi
name: Lambert, Paul C.
name: Mørch, Lina Steinrud
name: Johansson, Anna L. V.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: A recent overview of cancer survival trends 1990–2016 in the Nordic countries reported continued improvements in age-standardized breast cancer survival among women. The aim was to estimate age-specific survival trends over calendar time, including life-years lost, to evaluate if improvements have benefited patients across all ages in the Nordic countries. Data on breast cancers diagnosed 1990–2016 in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden were obtained from the NORDCAN database. Age-standardized and age-specific relative survival (RS) was estimated using flexible parametric models, as was reference-adjusted crude probabilities of death and life-years lost. Age-standardized period estimates of 5-year RS in women diagnosed with breast cancer ranged from 87% to 90% and 10-year RS from 74% to 85%. Ten-year RS increased with 15–18 percentage points from 1990 to 2016, except in Sweden (+9 percentage points) which had the highest survival in 1990. The largest improvements were observed in Denmark, where a previous survival disadvantage diminished. Most recent 5-year crude probabilities of cancer death ranged from 9% (Finland, Sweden) to 12% (Denmark, Iceland), and life-years lost from 3.3 years (Finland) to 4.6 years (Denmark). Although survival improvements were consistent across different ages, women aged ≥70 years had the lowest RS in all countries. Period estimates of 5-year RS were 94–95% in age 55 years and 84–89% in age 75 years, while 10-year RS were 88–91% in age 55 years and 69–84% in age 75 years. Women aged 40 years lost on average 11.0–13.8 years, while women lost 3.8–6.0 years if aged 55 and 1.9–3.5 years if aged 75 years. Survival for Nordic women with breast cancer improved from 1990 to 2016 in all age groups, albeit with larger country variation among older women where survival was also lower. Women over 70 years of age have not had the same survival improvement as women of younger age.
Atomic quantum simulation of a three-dimensional U(1) gauge-Higgs model
Creators: name: Kuno, Yoshihito
name: Sakane, Shinya
name: Kasamatsu, Kenichi
name: Ichinose, Ikuo
name: Matsui, Tetsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study theoretically atomic quantum simulations of a U(1) gauge-Higgs model on a three-dimensional (3D) spatial lattice by using an extended Bose-Hubbard model with intersite repulsions on a 3D optical lattice. Here, the phase and density fluctuations of the boson variable on each site of the optical lattice describe the vector potential and the electric field on each link of the gauge-model lattice, respectively. The target gauge model is different from the standard Wilson-type U(1) gauge-Higgs model because it has plaquette and Higgs interactions with asymmetric couplings in the space-time directions. Nevertheless, the corresponding quantum simulation is still important as it provides us with a platform to study unexplored time-dependent phenomena characteristic of each phase in the general gauge-Higgs models. To determine the phase diagram of the gauge-Higgs model at zero temperature, we perform Monte-Carlo simulations of the corresponding 3+1-dimensional U(1) gauge-Higgs model, and obtain the confinement and Higgs phases. To investigate the dynamical properties of the gauge-Higgs model, we apply the Gross-Pitaevskii equations to the extended Bose-Hubbard model. We simulate the time-evolution of an electric flux that initially is put on a straight line connecting two external point charges. We also calculate the potential energy between this pair of charges and obtain the string tension in the confinement phase. Finally, we propose a feasible experimental setup for the atomic simulations of this quantum gauge-Higgs model on the 3D optical lattice. These results may serve as theoretical guides for future experiments.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables, accepted version to appear in PRA
Nickel hyperaccumulation, elemental profiles and agromining potential of three species of Odontarrhena from the ultramafics of Western Iran
Creators: name: Ghafoori, Mohammad
name: Shariati, Mansour
name: van der Ent, Antony
name: Baker, Alan J. M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The profiles of trace and major elements in three Odontarrhena species from the ultramafics of Western Iran (O. callichroa, O. penjwinensis and O. inflata) were evaluated to provide detailed information on their soil-plant relationships and potentials for agromining. The mean concentrations of Ni in leaf dry matter of these three species were 877, 3,270 and 2,720 mg kg−1, respectively. The mean concentrations of total soil Ni at sites Mazi Ban, Kamyaran and Ghala Ga were 1,470, 2,480, 1,030 mg kg−1, respectively. The Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) for Ni was >1 in O. penjwinensis and O. inflata, but not in O. callichroa. A positive relationship between shoot Ni and soil pH was found for all three species. They display Ni hyperaccumulation in the leaves, but with pronounced variation in the Ni concentrations attained. Odontarrhena penjwinensis emerged as the most promising potential candidate for future Ni agromining. The progress made in this study will enable further consideration of the three Odontarrhena species, especially O. penjwinensis, for any future commercial Ni agromining of the serpentinic ultramafic soils in Western Iran. This pioneering study in a remote part of Western Iran is the first to evaluate nickel hyperaccumulating species of Odontarrhena (Alyssum) in relation to their soil-plant relationships and potential for agromining.
Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Recrystallized Sintered Silicon
Creators: name: Grau, M.
name: Bellanger, P.
name: Sow, A.
name: Blangis, D.
name: Lemiti, M.
name: Straboni, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3642-3645
description: Crystalline Silicon Thin-Films (CSiTF) solar cells are considered by some as a roadmap that is very likely
to achieve the cost reduction which the photovoltaics industry is longing for. A bottleneck of this technology is the need
for a suitable low-cost substrate. Sintered Silicon Powders is very promising since it reduces significantly the silicon
consumption and allows the production of large area wafers. To obtain these substrates, the french company S’TILE has
designed a process in two steps: the first one is to press at high temperature some micrometric grain size silicon powder
in order to obtain a sintered wafer with dimensions of up to 200 x 200 mm². The second one is to recrystallize these
wafers. These p+-doped multicrystalline silicon wafers have been used to make CSiTF solar cells. An epitaxial layer is
grown on the substrate, with an in-situ emitter. A good cristallinity, a low resistivity and a low quantity of impurities
were found in the recrystallized substrates. Complete characterization of solar cells is detailed.
SoildiverAgro - Improving the stability and resilience of European agroecosystems by boosting the soil biodiversity
Creators: name: Waeyenberge, Lieven
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Soil, socio-economic, biodiversity, management, systems, crops, pedoclimatic, case studies, production, agrifood

description: Adoption of new management practices to increase crop production and quality This work was funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project SoildiverAgro [grant agreement 817819].