cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Design of a Tourist Trip to Somewhere in Space. Mixing Knowledge With Fantasy
Creators: name: Mendez, Cuauhtemoc
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Astronomy Education

description: Title: Design of a Tourist Trip to Somewhere in Space. Mixing Knowledge With Fantasy

Presenters: Cuauhtemoc Mendez (Tec de Monterrey / TRIBU Cultura Astronómica, Mexico)

 

This was a poster presented at the 5th Shaw-IAU Workshop on Astronomy for Education, organised by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE, http//astro4edu.org).

The final work of the Tec de Monterrey Astronomy course has been the elaboration of a fantasy trip tos pace. The students show what could be tourist attractions of places in space seen in the course, and also use their knowledge of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Astronomy, to produce unreal situations base don their learnings, be it the appearance of posible inhabitants, or the typical food of the place. Student´s presentations are regularly beyond what is necessary for the course, which is a sample of the engagement achieved in it, according to the bibliography consulted for the evaluation of engagement in the course.

About the 5th Shaw-IAU Workshop on Astronomy for Education:This year’s Shaw-IAU Workshop on Astronomy for Education focuses on two themes: one special practical astronomy education topic and one scientific topic. The special topic is astronomy education outside the classroom, looking at how astronomy can be taught in a diverse range of environments such as science centers, planetaria and youth clubs. The scientific topic is planetary atmospheres, both in the solar system and exoplanets as well as our own Earth. The workshop was organised by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (http://astro4edu.org). More details can be found on: https://astro4edu.org/shaw-iau/5th-shaw-iau-workshop/schedule/

Keep up to date with future Shaw-IAU Workshops and other opportunities at the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education by joining our mailing list https://astro4edu.org/mailing-list/

Follow the IAU OAE on X and Facebook under @astro4edu
Reverse vaccinology in Plasmodium falciparum 3D7
Creators: name: Isea, Raul
name: Mayo-Garcia, Rafael
name: Restrepo, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A timely immunization can be effective against certain diseases and can save thousands of lives. However, for some diseases it has been difficult, so far, to develop an efficient vaccine. Malaria, a tropical disease caused by a parasite of the genus Plasmodium, is one example. Bioinformatics has opened the way to new lines of experimental investigation One example is reverse vaccinology that aims to identify antigens that are capable of generating an immune response in a given organism using in silico studies. In this study we applied a reverse vaccinology methodology using a bioinformatics pipeline. We obtained 45 potential linear B cells consensus epitopes from the whole genome of P. falciparum 3D7 that can be used as candidates for malaria vaccines. The direct implication of the results obtained is to open the way to experimentally validate more epitopes to increase the efficiency of the available treatments against malaria and to explore the methodology in other diseases.
description: 7 pages, 2 tables
The Starry Night Defenders: Integrative Astronomy Curriculum About Dark-Sky Social Innovation
Creators: name: Chun-Long Sit, Exodus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Astronomy Education

description: Title: The Starry Night Defenders: Integrative Astronomy Curriculum About Dark-Sky Social Innovation

Presenters: Exodus Chun-Long Sit (Starrix, Hong Kong)

 

This was a poster presented at the 5th Shaw-IAU Workshop on Astronomy for Education, organised by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE, http//astro4edu.org).

Light pollution has always been advocated and promoted by astronomers and science communicators. However, artificial light at night (ALAN), as a crucial topic of environmental issues, has rarely been mentioned in the science curriculum in formal education. Beside motivating students through self-learning educational resources, how can we apply dark-sky education in general science learning? ASTROx is an interdisciplinary project that aims to solve real-life problems related to astronomy. The contribution will showcase a student-led social innovation project “The Starry Night Defenders”. Through a holistic design thinking process, students will explore different methods to redesign dark-sky-friendly light shields and ways for dark-sky advocacy.

About the 5th Shaw-IAU Workshop on Astronomy for Education:This year’s Shaw-IAU Workshop on Astronomy for Education focuses on two themes: one special practical astronomy education topic and one scientific topic. The special topic is astronomy education outside the classroom, looking at how astronomy can be taught in a diverse range of environments such as science centers, planetaria and youth clubs. The scientific topic is planetary atmospheres, both in the solar system and exoplanets as well as our own Earth. The workshop was organised by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (http://astro4edu.org). More details can be found on: https://astro4edu.org/shaw-iau/5th-shaw-iau-workshop/schedule/

Keep up to date with future Shaw-IAU Workshops and other opportunities at the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education by joining our mailing list https://astro4edu.org/mailing-list/

Follow the IAU OAE on X and Facebook under @astro4edu
Chiral charge pumping in graphene deposited on a magnetic insulator
Creators: name: Evelt, Michael
name: Ochoa, Hector
name: Dzyapko, Oleksandr
name: Demidov, Vladislav E.
name: Yurgens, Avgust
name: Sun, Jie
name: Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav
name: Bessonov, Vladimir
name: Rinkevich, Anatoliy B.
name: Demokritov, Sergej O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that a sizable chiral charge pumping can be achieved at room temperature in graphene/Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) bilayer systems. The effect, which cannot be attributed to the ordinary spin pumping, reveals itself in the creation of a dc electric field/voltage in graphene as a response to the dynamic magnetic excitations (spin waves) in an adjacent out-of-plane magnetized YIG film. We show that the induced voltage changes its sign when the orientation of the static magnetization is reversed, clearly indicating the broken spatial inversion symmetry in the studied system. The strength of effect shows a non-monotonous dependence on the spin-wave frequency, in agreement with the proposed theoretical model.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Closed-Field Coronal Heating Driven by Wave Turbulence
Creators: name: Downs, Cooper
name: Lionello, Roberto
name: Mikić, Zoran
name: Linker, Jon A.
name: Velli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To simulate the energy balance of coronal plasmas on macroscopic scales, we often require the specification of the coronal heating mechanism in some functional form. To go beyond empirical formulations and to build a more physically motivated heating function, we investigate the wave-turbulence-driven (WTD) phenomenology for the heating of closed coronal loops. Our implementation is designed to capture the large-scale propagation, reflection, and dissipation of wave turbulence along a loop. The parameter space of this model is explored by solving the coupled WTD and hydrodynamic evolution in 1D for an idealized loop. The relevance to a range of solar conditions is also established by computing solutions for over one hundred loops extracted from a realistic 3D coronal field. Due to the implicit dependence of the WTD heating model on loop geometry and plasma properties along the loop and at the footpoints, we find that this model can significantly reduce the number of free parameters when compared to traditional empirical heating models, and still robustly describe a broad range of quiet-sun and active region conditions. The importance of the self-reflection term in producing relatively short heating scale heights and thermal nonequilibrium cycles is also discussed.
description: Accepted to ApJ, September 30, 2016
Gravity as embedding theory and the distribution of matter in galaxies
Creators: name: Paston, S. A.
name: Kapustin, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The description of gravity in the form of an embedding theory is based on the hypothesis that our space-time is a four-dimensional surface in a flat ten-dimensional space. The choice of standard Einstein-Hilbert action leads in this case to more general field equations than Einstein's equations. By writing them in the form of Einstein's equations with the contribution of additional fictitious matter, one can try to interpret this matter as dark matter. In order to study the behavior of this fictitious matter near the centers of real galaxies, we discuss an analytical method of obtaining corresponding matter density profiles. This method is based on the consideration of the distribution function of particles over all possible trajectories and allows us to estimate the type (core or cusp) of the emerging density profile.
description: LaTeX, 8 pages, based on a talk given at the International Conference on Quantum Field Theory, High-Energy Physics, and Cosmology, Dubna, Russia, 18-21 July 2022
Intrinsic charm content of the nucleon and charmness-nucleon sigma term
Creators: name: Duan, Shaorong
name: An, C. S.
name: Saghai, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the extended chiral constituent quark model, the intrinsic $c \bar{c}$ content of the nucleon is investigated. The probabilities of the quark-antiquark components in the nucleon wave functions are calculated by taking the nucleon to be admixtures of three- and five-quark components, with the relevant transitions handled {\it via} the $^{3}$P$_{0}$ mechanism. Predictions for the probability of the $c \bar{c}$ in the nucleon wave function and the charmness-nucleon sigma term are presented. Our numerical results turn out to be consistent with the predictions from various other approaches reported in the literature.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Autonomous Vehicles for All?
Creators: name: Khan, Sakib Mahmud
name: Salek, M Sabbir
name: Harris, Vareva
name: Comert, Gurcan
name: Morris, Eric
name: Chowdhury, Mashrur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The traditional build-and-expand approach is not a viable solution to keep roadway traffic rolling safely, so technological solutions, such as Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), are favored. AVs have considerable potential to increase the carrying capacity of roads, ameliorate the chore of driving, improve safety, provide mobility for those who cannot drive, and help the environment. However, they also raise concerns over whether they are socially responsible, accounting for issues such as fairness, equity, and transparency. Regulatory bodies have focused on AV safety, cybersecurity, privacy, and legal liability issues, but have failed to adequately address social responsibility. Thus, existing AV developers do not have to embed social responsibility factors in their proprietary technology. Adverse bias may therefore occur in the development and deployment of AV technology. For instance, an artificial intelligence-based pedestrian detection application used in an AV may, in limited lighting conditions, be biased to detect pedestrians who belong to a particular racial demographic more efficiently compared to pedestrians from other racial demographics. Also, AV technologies tend to be costly, with a unique hardware and software setup which may be beyond the reach of lower-income people. In addition, data generated by AVs about their users may be misused by third parties such as corporations, criminals, or even foreign governments. AVs promise to dramatically impact labor markets, as many jobs that involve driving will be made redundant. We argue that the academic institutions, industry, and government agencies overseeing AV development and deployment must act proactively to ensure that AVs serve all and do not increase the digital divide in our society.
Supporting Information for: Visible Wealth in Past Societies: A Case Study of Domestic Architecture from the Hawaiian Islands
Creators: name: McCoy, Mark
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Hawaii (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2027/hawaii-state-territory

description: Supporting Information for: Title: Visible Wealth in Past Societies: A Case Study of Domestic Architecture from the Hawaiian Islands Authors: Mark D. McCoy, Joseph L. Panuska
Deciphering chemical order/disorder and material properties at the single-atom level
Creators: name: Yang, Yongsoo
name: Chen, Chien-Chun
name: Scott, M. C.
name: Ophus, Colin
name: Xu, Rui
name: Pryor, Alan
name: Wu, Li
name: Sun, Fan
name: Theis, W.
name: Zhou, Jihan
name: Eisenbach, Markus
name: Kent, Paul R. C.
name: Sabirianov, Renat F.
name: Zeng, Hao
name: Ercius, Peter
name: Miao, Jianwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Correlating 3D arrangements of atoms and defects with material properties and functionality forms the core of several scientific disciplines. Here, we determined the 3D coordinates of 6,569 iron and 16,627 platinum atoms in a model iron-platinum nanoparticle system to correlate 3D atomic arrangements and chemical order/disorder with material properties at the single-atom level. We identified rich structural variety and chemical order/disorder including 3D atomic composition, grain boundaries, anti-phase boundaries, anti-site point defects and swap defects. We show for the first time that experimentally measured 3D atomic coordinates and chemical species with 22 pm precision can be used as direct input for first-principles calculations of material properties such as atomic magnetic moments and local magnetocrystalline anisotropy. This work not only opens the door to determining 3D atomic arrangements and chemical order/disorder of a wide range of nanostructured materials with high precision, but also will transform our understanding of structure-property relationships at the most fundamental level.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Economic Complexity and Innovation
Creators: name: Erbas, Bihter
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: The classical complexity index doesn't explicitly measure the technological diversity and innovation intensity of countries. To fill the gap in the complexity measure regarding the link it makes between innovation and growth, I propose a new innovation-adjusted economic complexity index, namely i-ECI+. This paper contributes to economic literature in two ways: i) My index accounts for the value-added exports through innovation and does not arbitrarily assign a scaling parameter unlike the previous papers, which enables me to derive a more accurate complexity measure, ii) I explore the differential effect of the innovation-adjusted complexity through the institutional quality index. The main findings are as follows: Although the classical ECI and i-ECI+ are highly correlated, the panel regression outputs show that using i-ECI+ is a robust measure that increases the regressions R-squared by 8 percentage points. The effect of the newly-created index is through more complex and innovative countries which probably have better quality institutions. The impact of the innovation-adjusted complexity measure on growth increases with increasing levels of institutional quality.
Wilson loops in 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ SQCD from Fermi gas
Creators: name: Okuyama, Kazumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study 1/2 BPS Wilson loops in 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ $U(N)$ Yang-Mills theory with one adjoint and $N_f$ fundamental hypermultiplets from the Fermi gas approach. By numerical fitting, we find the first few worldsheet instanton corrections to the Wilson loops with winding numbers 1, 2 and 3. We verify that our Fermi gas results are consistent with the matrix model results in the planar limit.
description: 34 pages, 8 figures
The Birth and Death of a Universe
Creators: name: Fried, H. M.
name: Gabellini, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This letter is meant to be a brief survey of several recent publications providing a simple, sequential explanation of Dark Energy, Inflation and Dark Matter, which leads to a simple picture of the why and the how of the Big Bang, and thence to a possible understanding of the birth and death of a Universe.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
A Formulation of a Matrix Sparsity Approach for the Quantum Ordered Search Algorithm
Creators: name: Parmar, Jupinder
name: Rahman, Saarim
name: Thiara, Jesse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One specific subset of quantum algorithms is Grovers Ordered Search Problem (OSP), the quantum counterpart of the classical binary search algorithm, which utilizes oracle functions to produce a specified value within an ordered database. Classically, the optimal algorithm is known to have a $\log_2 N$ complexity; however, Grovers algorithm has been found to have an optimal complexity between the lower bound of $((\ln N-1)/π\approx 0.221\log_2 N)$ and the upper bound of $0 .433\log_2 N$. We sought to lower the known upper bound of the OSP. With [E. Farhi et al, arXiv:quant-ph/9901059], we see that the OSP can be resolved into a translational invariant algorithm to create quantum query algorithm restraints. With these restraints, one can find Laurent polynomials for various $k$ -- queries -- and $N$ -- database sizes -- thus finding larger recursive sets to solve the OSP and effectively reducing the upper bound. These polynomials are found to be convex functions, allowing one to make use of convex optimization to find an improvement on the known bounds. According to [A. Childs et al, arXiv:quant-ph/0608161v1], semidefinite programming, a subset of convex optimization, can solve the particular problem represented by the constraints . We were able to implement a program abiding to their formulation of a semidefinite program (SDP), leading us to find that it takes an immense amount of storage and time to compute. To combat this setback, we then formulated an approach to improve results of the SDP using matrix sparsity. Through the development of this approach, along with an implementation of a rudimentary solver, we demonstrate how matrix sparsity reduces the amount of time and storage required to compute the SDP -- overall ensuring further improvements will likely be made to reach the theorized lower bound
description: 19 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:quant-ph/0608161 by other authors
Peak of spectral energy distribution play an important role in intra-day variability of Blazars?
Creators: name: Gupta, Alok C.
name: Kalita, Nibedita
name: Gaur, Haritma
name: Duorah, Kalpana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blazars can be divided into two sub-classes namely high energy and low energy peaked blazars. In spectral energy distribution, the first synchrotron hump of the former class peaks in UV/X-rays and in IR/optical bands for the latter class. The peak of the spectral energy distribution seems to be responsible for variability properties of these classes of blazars in X-ray and optical bands. Since, in low energy peaked blazars, the X-ray bands lies well below the synchrotron hump, one expects that the highest energy electrons available for the synchrotron emission would have slower effect of variability on X-ray intra-day timescale. In this paper, by taking the advantage of a sample of 12 low energy peaked blazars with total 50 observations from XMM$-$Newton since its launch, we confirm that this class is less variable in X-ray bands. We found that out of 50 observational light curves, genuine intra-day variability is present in only two of light curves i.e 4%. Similar results we obtained from our earlier optical intra-day variability studies of high energy peaked blazars where out of 144 light curves, only genuine intra-day variability was detected in 6 light curves i.e ~ 4%. Since, X-ray bands lie below the peak of the spectral energy distribution of LSPs where inverse Compton mechanism is dominating rather than synchrotron radiation at the peak of the optical band, leads to slower variability in the X-ray bands. Hence, reducing their intra-day variability in X-ray bands as compared to the variability in optical bands.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Applying advanced geospatial technologies to capture variation in soil health variables in hill country landscapes
Creators: name: Tran, Duy
name: Schon, Nicole
name: Dominati, Estelle
name: Mackay, Alec
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2023
Subjects: Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
Agriculture, land and farm management

description: This study aims to quantify the spatial variation in soil health variables in a complex agroecological landscape using modern geospatial analysis tools and technologies. A wide range of soil attributes (soil organic carbon concentration, soil nutrient fertility, bulk density, and earthworm abundance), underlying factors describing the topographical characteristics of the land surface biophysical pattern, along with land use management practices, were utilised to model the spatially explicit pattern of each soil health component. Machine learning techniques were applied to predict soil attributes at a pixel-level across the whole landscape from a limited number of soil samples collected from specific locations. Soil health was quantified using a Composite Soil Health Index (CSHI), calculated from the mean value of the standardized individual soil health indicator which is obtained from the scoring functions for each grid cell. The approach was applied across farmlets that make up the long-term phosphorus (P) fertiliser and sheep grazing experiment at Ballantrae located near Woodville (Southern Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand). Results from our study reveal that the variables contributing to soil health varied both across the landscape and between soil health indicators. The study demonstrates that advanced spatial statistical analytics and remote sensing can be effective tools to address the challenge posed by the modelling of biophysical processes in complex agroecological landscapes. Applying such an approach provides a more complete picture on soil health and therefore, can advance the environmental planning and management of farms in New Zealand. NZBIDA
Dreierlei Kategorienbildung zu Schülervorstellungen im Sachunterricht? Text, Theorie und Variation – Ein Versuch, methodische Parallelen und Herausforderungen bei der Erschließung von Schülervorstellungen aus Interviewdaten zu erfassen
Creators: name: Murmann, Lydia
Publisher: name: Widerstreit Sachunterricht
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Die Erschließung von Schülervorstellungen hat zwar längst Geschichte, über geeignete Methoden dazu besteht jedoch wenig Einigkeit. Das bezieht sich besonders auf die Datenerhebung. In diesem Artikel wird die Frage der Datenerhebung nicht vertieft, sondern stattdessen kontrastiert und diskutiert, welche methodischen Elemente die Grounded Theory, die Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse und die Phänomenographie zur Rekonstruktion typischer Vorstellungen aus Interviewdaten einsetzen. Im Fokus steht dabei die Kategorienbildung als Mittel der Verallgemeinerung und Unterscheidung.
Spin blockade as a probe of Zeeman interactions in hole quantum dots
Creators: name: Hung, Jo-Tzu
name: Marcellina, Elizabeth
name: Wang, Bin
name: Hamilton, Alexander R.
name: Culcer, Dimitrie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-orbit coupling is key to all-electrical control of quantum-dot spin qubits, and is frequently stronger for holes than for electrons. Here we investigate Pauli spin blockade for two heavy holes in a gated double quantum dot in an in-plane magnetic field. The interplay of the complex Zeeman and spin-orbit couplings causes a blockade leakage current anisotropic in the field direction. The period of the anisotropic leakage is critically dependent on the relative magnitude of Zeeman interaction terms linear and cubic in the magnetic field. The current and singlet-triplet exchange splitting can be effectively adjusted by an appropriate choice of field direction, providing a simple control variable for quantum information processing and a way of tailoring magnetic interactions in hole spin qubits.
description: 8 pages including 5 figures and the appendix
Design and load testing of full-width partial-depth precast concrete bridge deck panels with embedded wire trusses
Creators: name: Gentry, Dylan Austin
name: 0000-0002-1048-9992
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: PCP
Deck
Wire truss
Partial-depth

description: Research was performed to develop and test a new type of full-width partial-depth precast concrete panel (PCP) deck system for Texas bridge decks that can be implemented at the bridge overhangs. Twenty-four full-scale PCP specimens with embedded wire trusses were load tested. Test variables included specimen geometry, reinforcement detailing, and fabrication technique for the welded wire trusses. Results showed that the design generally performed in a ductile and relatively well-predicted manner using static analysis techniques. Specimens tended to reach a load plateau before failure. Some specimens with longer unbraced truss lengths tended to buckle after reaching a load plateau. Specimens with lower-strength trusses tended to avoid buckling-type failures altogether. Bundling additional reinforcing bars to the bottom chord also completely prevented buckling.
Transport mechanisms underlying ionic conductivity in nanoparticle-based single-ion electrolytes
Creators: name: Kadulkar, Sanket
name: Milliron, Delia J.
name: Truskett, Thomas M.
name: Ganesan, Venkat
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: electrolytes

description: Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of nanoparticle-based single-ion conductors as battery electrolytes. In this work, we introduce a coarse-grained multiscale simulation approach to identify the mechanisms underlying the ion mobilities in such systems and to clarify the influence of key design parameters on conductivity. Our results suggest that for the experimentally studied electrolyte systems, the dominant pathway for cation transport is along the surface of nanoparticles, in the vicinity of nanoparticle-tethered anions. At low nanoparticle concentrations, the connectivity of cationic surface transport pathways and conductivity increase with nanoparticle loading. However, cation mobilities are reduced when nanoparticles are in close vicinity, causing conductivity to decrease for sufficiently high particle loadings. We discuss the impacts of cation and anion choice as well as solvent polarity within this picture and suggest means to enhance ionic conductivities in single-ion conducting electrolytes based on nanoparticle salts.
Universal Gelation of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals via Depletion Attractions
Creators: name: Saez Cabezas, Camila A.
name: Sherman, Zachary M.
name: Howard, Michael P.
name: Dominguez, Manuel N.
name: Cho, Shin Hum
name: Ong, Gary K.
name: Green, Allison
name: Truskett, Thomas M.
name: Milliron, Delia J.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: colloidal gel
depletion attractions
self-assembly
small-angle X-ray scattering

description: Nanocrystal gelation provides a powerful framework to translate nanoscale properties into bulk materials and to engineer emergent properties through the assembled microstructure. However, many established gelation strategies rely on chemical reactions and specific interactions, e.g., stabilizing ligands or ions on the nanocrystals’ surfaces, and are therefore not easily transferrable. Here, we report a general gelation strategy via non-specific and purely entropic depletion attractions applied to three types of metal oxide nanocrystals. The gelation thresholds of two compositionally distinct spherical nanocrystals agree quantitatively, demonstrating the adaptability of the approach for different chemistries. Consistent with theoretical phase behavior predictions, nanocrystal cubes form gels at a lower polymer concentration than nanocrystal spheres, allowing shape to serve as a handle to control gelation. These results suggest that the fundamental underpinnings of depletion-driven assembly, traditionally associated with larger colloidal particles, are also applicable at the nanoscale.
[OIII] emission line as a tracer of star-forming galaxies at high redshifts: Comparison between H$α$ and [OIII] emitters at $z$=2.23 in HiZELS
Creators: name: Suzuki, T. L.
name: Kodama, T.
name: Sobral, D.
name: Khostovan, A. A.
name: Hayashi, M.
name: Shimakawa, R.
name: Koyama, Y.
name: Tadaki, K. -i.
name: Tanaka, I.
name: Minowa, Y.
name: Yamamoto, M.
name: Smail, I.
name: Best, P. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of $z$=2.23 H$α$ and [OIII]$λ$5007 emitters using the narrow-band-selected samples obtained from the High-$z$ Emission Line Survey (HiZELS: Sobral et al. 2013). We construct two samples of the H$α$ and [OIII] emitters and compare their integrated physical properties. We find that the distribution of stellar masses, dust extinction, star formation rates (SFRs), and specific SFRs, is not statistically different between the two samples. When we separate the full galaxy sample into three subsamples according to the detections of the H$α$ and/or [OIII] emission lines, most of the sources detected with both H$α$ and [OIII] show ${\rm log(sSFR_{UV})}$$\gtrsim$-9.5. The comparison of the three subsamples suggests that sources with strong [OIII] line emission tend to have the highest star-forming activity out all galaxies that we study. We argue that the [OIII] emission line can be used as a tracer of star-forming galaxies at high redshift, and that it is especially useful to investigate star-forming galaxies at $z$$>$3, for which H$α$ emission is no longer observable from the ground.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables; accepted for publication in MNRAS
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 3 (61)]
Creators: name: Johannesbonus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1256
Subjects: subject: Sonstige geistliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Johannesbonus de Ghiroldis, Archidiaconus der Kathedrale von Cremona, genehmigt Johannesbellus de Bellis, nachdem er von diesem einen Geldbetrag erhalten hat, dem Egidius de Milio aus der Nachbarschaft von St. Baxiani Land bei Marasco zu verkaufen, mit dem eine jährliche Abgabe an das Kapitel verbunden ist.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 3 (42)]
Creators: name: Julianus De Sesso
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1254
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Julianus de Sesso genehmigt im Namen des Ubertus Marchio Pellauetus, Podestà von Cremona, dass Jacopinus de Trezo dem Johannes, Praepositus der Kirche St. Cataldi [in Cremona] auf beider Bitte hin Land im Gebiet von Casanova del Morbasco verkauft.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 3 (57)]
Creators: name: , Johannes
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1257
Subjects: subject: Sonstige geistliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Johannes, Praepositus der Kirche St. Cataldi in Cremona, belehnt Lafrancus de Crotis aus Polesine Parmense mit einem Stück Land, gelegen an einem Ort, genannt Scardoaria.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 7 (159)]
Creators: name: De Landriano, Antonius
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1496
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Quittung
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Unter dem Text befinden sich die Unterschriften des Antonius de Landriano sowie des Jacobus de Marliano.
Predation pressure by arthropods, birds, and rodents is interactively shaped by tree species richness, vegetation structure, and season
Creators: name: Anttonen, Perttu
name: Perles-Garcia, Maria
name: Kunz, Matthias
name: Oheimb, Goddert
name: Li, Yi
name: Bruelheide, Helge
name: Ma, Keping
name: Zhu, Chao-Dong
name: Schuldt, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 570

description: Tree species richness, forest structure, and seasonal fluctuations between rainy and dry seasons can strongly affect trophic interactions in forest ecosystems, but the inter- and scale dependence of these variables remains unclear. Using artificial caterpillars (~18,000 replicates), we analyzed predation pressure by arthropods, birds, and rodents along a tree species richness gradient across seasons in a subtropical tree diversity experiment (BEF-China). The aim of the study was to test if forest structure, in addition to tree species richness, has an effect on predation pressure and to further specify which structural variables are important in driving predation. We assessed the effects of tree species richness and forest structure at the plot and local neighborhood levels. We also included fine-scale placement covariates, plot size, and topographical covariates of the study site. Forest structure and tree species richness independently and interactively affected predation pressure. The spatial scale was an important determinant for tree species richness and structural effects, extending from within plot scales to the overall heterogeneity of the plots’ surrounding environment. For example, the effect of branch density in the local neighborhood depended on both surrounding tree species richness and plot-level vegetation density. Similarly, visibility-enhancing factors increased attacks by arthropods (lack of branches in close surroundings) and by birds (open area), depending on the surrounding vegetation. A comparison of structural measures showed that predation pressure can be addressed in much greater detail with multiple specific structural features than with overall forest complexity. Seasonal change also affected predation pressure, with foliage being a stronger attractant in spring, but also by presumable topography-driven study plot differences in sun exposure and humidity between rainy and dry seasons. Our study demonstrates that predation pressure is not simply a function of tree species richness or structure but is shaped by the interplay of structural elements, spatial scale, and seasonal dynamics along gradients of tree species richness and forest structure. The structural and seasonal effects are important to take into account when addressing how current and future biodiversity loss may change top‐down control of herbivory and overall ecosystem functioning.
Toward an accurate equation of state and B1-B2 phase boundary for magnesium oxide to TPa pressures and eV temperatures
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuai
name: Paul, Reetam
name: Hu, S. X.
name: Morales, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By applying auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo, we calculate the equation of state (EOS) and B1-B2 phase transition of magnesium oxide (MgO) up to 1 TPa. The results agree with available experimental data at low pressures and are used to benchmark the performance of various exchange-correlation functionals in density functional theory calculations. We determine PBEsol is an optimal choice for the exchange-correlation functional and perform extensive phonon and quantum molecular-dynamics calculations to obtain the thermal EOS. Our results provide a preliminary reference for the EOS and B1-B2 phase boundary of MgO from zero up to 10,500 K.
description: 41 pages (single column), 16 figures, 4 tables
Comparison between in-hospital and out-of-hospital acute myocardial infarctions : results from the Regional MyocardialInfarction Registry of Saxony-Anhalt (RHESA) Study
Creators: name: Assaf, Mohamad
name: Costa, Daniela
name: Massag, Janka
name: Weber, Christoph
name: Mikolajczyk, Rafael
name: Lückmann, Sara Lena
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Aims: Risk factors and outcomes of in-hospital ST elevation myocardial infraction (STEMI) are well explored. Recent findings show that non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) accounts for the majority of in-hospital infarctions (IHMIs). Our aim was to identify differences between IHMI and out-of-hospital myocardial infraction (OHMI) in terms of risk factors, treatment and outcomes, including both STEMI and NSTEMI. Methods: We analyzed the Regional Myocardial Infarction Registry of Saxony-Anhalt dataset. Patient characteristics, treatments and outcomes were compared between IHMI and OHMI. The association between clinical outcomes and myocardial infarction type was assessed using generalized additive models. Results: Overall, 11.4% of the included myocardial infractions were IHMI, and the majority were NSTEMI. Patients with IHMI were older and had more comorbidities than those with OHMI. Compared to OHMI, in-hospital myocardial infarction was associated with higher odds of 30-day mortality (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.32–2.59) and complications (OR = 2.36, 95 % CI 1.84–3.01). Conclusions: We provided insights on the full spectrum of IHMI, in both of its classifications. The proportion of IHMI was one ninth of all AMI cases treated in the hospital. Previously reported differences in the baseline characteristics and treatments, as well as worse clinical outcomes, in in-hospital STEMI compared to out-of-hospital STEMI persist even when including NSTEMI cases.
Landscape homogenisation and simplified butterfly community structure go on par across Northern Austria
Creators: name: Habel, Jan Christian
name: Schmitt, Thomas
name: Ulrich, Werner
name: Gros, Patrick
name: Salcher, Bernhard
name: Teucher, Mike
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 590

description: Context: Agricultural intensification has led to strong homogenization of landscapes. Field copses have become larger, the boundaries between habitats became sharper, and land plots have been cultivated more intensively. In parallel, most field copses, ruderal areas and hedgerows were removed. As a result, ecotones and rarely used microhabitats largely disappeared. In consequence, many suitable habitats for species such as butterflies vanished and the permeability of the landscape decreased, with negative effects on biodiversity. Objective: In this study we analyse land-use and habitat configuration, and butterfly diversity for the years 1953 and 2018 for northern Austria. Methods: We assessed land cover and landscape configuration for the years 1953 and 2018 on a field-by-field basis across northern Austria, based on aerial and satellite images. We studied butterfly diversity for these two identical periods of time. Results: Our data show a decrease of the number of field copses over the past decades and a reduction in landscape complexity. The expected number of butterflies per sample unit of an assumed species decreased significantly. Particularly sedentary specialists decreased, while the proportion of mobile generalists increased. Conclusions: Our study underlines the general trend of landscape and faunal homogenization, which specifically leads to the vanishing of extensively used micro-habitats and the loss of sedentary specialist species.
TDP-43 pathology is associated with increased tau burdens and seeding
Creators: name: Tomé, Sandra O.
name: Tsaka, Grigoria
name: Ronisz, Alicja
name: Ospitalieri, Simona
name: Gawor, Klara
name: Aragão Gomes, Luis
name: Otto, Markus
name: Arnim, Christine
name: Damme, Philip
name: Bosch, Ludo
name: Estifanos Ghebremedhin
name: Laureyssen, Celeste
name: Sleegers, Kristel
name: Vandenberghe, Rik
name: Rousseau, Frederic
name: Schymkowitz, Joost
name: Thal, Dietmar
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Most Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) cases also exhibit limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathological changes (LATE-NC), besides amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) containing hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau). LATE-NC is characterized by cytoplasmic aggregates positive for pathological TDP-43 and is associated with more severe clinical outcomes in AD, compared to AD cases lacking TDP-43 pathology TDP-43: AD(LATE-NC-). Accumulating evidence suggests that TDP-43 and p-tau interact and exhibit pathological synergy during AD pathogenesis. However, it is not yet fully understood how the presence of TDP-43 affects p-tau aggregation in symptomatic AD. Methods: In this study, we investigated the impact of TDP-43 proteinopathy on p-tau pathology with different approaches: histologically, in a human post-mortem cohort (n = 98), as well as functionally using a tau biosensor cell line and TDP-43A315T transgenic mice. Results: We found that AD cases with comorbid LATE-NC, AD(LATE-NC+), have increased burdens of pretangles and/or NFTs as well as increased brain levels of p-tau199, compared to AD(LATE-NC-) cases and controls. The burden of TDP-43 pathology was also correlated with the Braak NFT stages. A tau biosensor cell line treated with sarkosyl-insoluble, brain-derived homogenates from AD(LATE-NC+) cases displayed exacerbated p-tau seeding, compared to control and AD(LATE-NC-)-treated cells. Consistently, TDP-43A315T mice injected with AD(LATE-NC+)-derived extracts also exhibited a more severe hippocampal seeding, compared to the remaining experimental groups, albeit no TDP-43 aggregation was observed. Conclusions: Our findings extend the current knowledge by supporting a functional synergy between TDP-43 and p-tau. We further demonstrate that TDP-43 pathology worsens p-tau aggregation in an indirect manner and increases its seeding potential, probably by increasing p-tau levels. This may ultimately contribute to tau-driven neurotoxicity and cell death. Because most AD cases present with comorbid LATE-NC, this study has an impact on the understanding of TDP-43 and tau pathogenesis in AD and LATE, which account for the majority of dementia cases worldwide. Moreover, it highlights the need for the development of a biomarker that detects TDP-43 during life, in order to properly stratify AD and LATE patients.
Mechanochemical activation of a metal-organic framework embedded within a thermoplastic polyurethane matrix : probing fluorogenic stress-sensing
Creators: name: Shinde, Kshitij Sanjay
name: Michael, Philipp
name: Binder, Wolfgang H.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 540

description: Here, a mechanochemically triggered Cu(I) bis(N-heterocyclic carbene [NHC))-based metal–organic framwork (MOF) embedded into a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-matrix is reported. The induced fluorogenic copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reveals the stressed parts within the thermoplastic PU via a simple optical detection. As determined via oscillating tensile rheology on dumbbell-shaped samples of TPU, a MOF, containing 4.66% copper, catalyzes the fluorogenic CuAAC between the nonfluorescent precursor dyes, 8-azidonaphthalen-2-ol, and 3-hydroxyphenylacetylene. After mechanical activation of the MOF situated inside the TPU, the fluorescent 8-(4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)naphthalen-2-ol dye is formed. Monitoring the formation of the dye inside the TPU via fluorescence spectrometry at λex = 458 nm shows an increase of the fluorescence intensity up to 60–70%. It is demonstrated that a dumbbell-shaped TPU, subjected to higher stress, displays higher fluorescence than the surrounding other areas, thus effectively functioning as a three-in-one stress-sensor system.
YOLO object detection models can locate and classify broad groups of flower-visiting arthropods in images
Creators: name: Stark, Thomas
name: Ştefan, Valentin
name: Wurm, Michael
name: Spanier, Robin
name: Taubenböck, Hannes
name: Knight, Tiffany M.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 570

description: Develoment of image recognition AI algorithms for flower-visiting arthropods has the potential to revolutionize the way we monitor pollinators. Ecologists need light-weight models that can be deployed in a field setting and can classify with high accuracy. We tested the performance of three deep learning light-weight models, YOLOv5nano, YOLOv5small, and YOLOv7tiny, at object recognition and classification in real time on eight groups of flower-visiting arthropods using open-source image data. These eight groups contained four orders of insects that are known to perform the majority of pollination services in Europe (Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera) as well as other arthropod groups that can be seen on flowers but are not typically considered pollinators (e.g., spiders-Araneae). All three models had high accuracy, ranging from 93 to 97%. Intersection over union (IoU) depended on the relative area of the bounding box, and the models performed best when a single arthropod comprised a large portion of the image and worst when multiple small arthropods were together in a single image. The model could accurately distinguish flies in the family Syrphidae from the Hymenoptera that they are known to mimic. These results reveal the capability of existing YOLO models to contribute to pollination monitoring.
The role of silicate enrichment on the discharge duration of Silicon‐air batteries
Creators: name: Schalinski, Richard
name: Schweizer, Stefan L.
name: Wehrspohn, Ralf B.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Silicon-air batteries are candidates for next generation batteries from non-critical raw materials. However, current silicon-air batteries with alkaline electrolytes suffer from premature termination of the discharge process. To understand this process, we investigated the correlation of dissolved silicon in the electrolyte and the discharge duration until passivation. The air- and Si-electrode could be excluded as the source of the voltage drop, while the concentration of silicates in the electrolyte was identified as the decisive factor. A low silicate concentration in the electrolyte was found to be crucial for a sustained discharge of silicon-air batteries with alkaline electrolytes and full consumption of the silicon electrode used in these conditions was shown.