cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Velocity and displacement statistics in a stochastic model of nonlinear friction showing bounded particle speed
Creators: name: Menzel, Andreas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffusion of colloidal particles in a complex environment such as polymer networks or biological cells is a topic of high complexity with significant biological and medical relevance. In such situations, the interaction between the surroundings and the particle motion has to be taken into account. We analyze a simplified diffusion model that includes some aspects of a complex environment in the framework of a nonlinear friction process: at low particle speeds, friction grows linearly with the particle velocity as for regular viscous friction; it grows more than linearly at higher particle velocities; finally, at a maximum of the possible particle speed the friction diverges. In addition to bare diffusion, we study the influence of a constant drift force acting on the diffusing particle. While the corresponding stationary velocity distributions can be derived analytically, the displacement statistics generally must be determined numerically. However, as a benefit of our model, analytical progress can be made in one case of a special maximum particle speed. The effect of a drift force in this case is analytically determined by perturbation theory. It will be interesting in the future to compare our results to real experimental systems. One realization could be magnetic colloidal particles diffusing through a shear-thickening environment such as starch suspensions, possibly exposed to an external magnetic field gradient.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures
A radiation hydrodynamics scheme on adaptive meshes using the Variable Eddington Tensor (VET) closure
Creators: name: Menon, Shyam H.
name: Federrath, Christoph
name: Krumholz, Mark R.
name: Kuiper, Rolf
name: Wibking, Benjamin D.
name: Jung, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new algorithm to solve the equations of radiation hydrodynamics (RHD) in a frequency-integrated, two-moment formulation. Novel features of the algorithm include i) the adoption of a non-local Variable Eddington Tensor (VET) closure for the radiation moment equations, computed with a ray-tracing method, ii) support for adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), iii) use of a time-implicit Godunov method for the hyperbolic transport of radiation, and iv) a fixed-point Picard iteration scheme to accurately handle the stiff nonlinear gas-radiation energy exchange. Tests demonstrate that our scheme works correctly, yields accurate rates of energy and momentum transfer between gas and radiation, and obtains the correct radiation field distribution even in situations where more commonly used -- but less accurate -- closure relations like the Flux-limited Diffusion and Moment-1 approximations fail. Our scheme presents an important step towards performing RHD simulations with increasing spatial and directional accuracy, effectively improving their predictive capabilities.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of IAUS362: The predictive power of computational astrophysics as discovery tool (D. Bisikalo, T. Hanawa, C. Boily, J. Stone, eds.). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2202.08778
2020 Presidential Election Tetlockian Prediction Tournament
Creators: name: Klein, Jordan
name: Zhao, Dorothy
name: Gandlur, Shreyas
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: election

description: We seek to compare the accuracy of three groups of election forecasters in the 2020 Presidential Election on the state level- quantitative modelers, experts, and prediction markets, and to compare how these forecasters’ accuracy changed over time.
A CPG Is Born: A case study of Clinical Practice Guideline Development at a community hospital
Creators: name: Beasley, Bethany E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: This case study follows the development and codification of a Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) by the OB/GYN department of a community hospital. The study discusses the history and purpose of CPGs as well as the standards for CPGs in different environments. In this case, the CPG was designed to provide evidence-based rules for the assessment of a number of “soft” risk factors in deciding whether and when to induce labor during the period of 35-38 weeks gestation. The process used to create the CPG diverged from the “gold standard” process in several ways, including the use of a narrative review of the literature, rather than a systematic review. The case study examines whether a systematic review of published research would have led to a different CPG. We found that a systematic review did not produce different guidelines from those resulting from the narrative review.
The complex evolution of supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations
Creators: name: Johansson, Peter H.
name: Mannerkoski, Matias
name: Rantala, Antti
name: Liao, Shihong
name: Rawlings, Alexander
name: Irodotou, Dimitrios
name: Rizzuto, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here self-consistent zoom-in simulations of massive galaxies forming in a full cosmological setting. The simulations are run with an updated version of the KETJU code, which is able to resolve the gravitational dynamics of their supermassive black holes, while simultaneously modelling the large-scale astrophysical processes in the surrounding galaxies, such as gas cooling, star formation and stellar and AGN feedback. The KETJU code is able to accurately model the complex behaviour of multiple SMBHs, including dynamical friction, stellar scattering and gravitational wave emission, and also to resolve Lidov-Kozai oscillations that naturally occur in hierarchical triplet SMBH systems. In general most of the SMBH binaries form at moderately high eccentricities, with typical values in the range of e =0.6-0.95, meaning that the circular binary models that are commonly used in the literature are insufficient for capturing the typical binary evolution.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 362: "Predictive power of computational astrophysics as a discovery tool"
Access Now: Improving Access to Specialty Healthcare for the Low-income Uninsured
Creators: name: Bestawros, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Seventeen percent of non-elderly Americans were uninsured in 2007. Sixty-five percent of the uninsured have a family income below 200 percent of the federal poverty level. The uninsured receive less preventive care, fewer diagnostic services, less therapeutic care, and are usually more severely ill at presentation. The uninsured have poorer disease-specific and general mortality and morbidity, which is partially explained by decreased access to care and medical care use. Thus, the physical and emotional health of the uninsured suffers due to decreased use of and access to medical services. Lack of insurance affects also burdens families and communities. Families without health insurance are twice as likely to spend over five percent of their income on out-of-pocket health care. In 2005, approximately $43 billion was spent on uncompensated medical care for the uninsured. An estimated $65 to $130 billion is lost annually due to the uninsured's poorer health and reduced lifespans. Thus, the health consequences of uninsurance present a significant burden to patients, family, and communities. The burden of care for the uninsured further falls disproportionately on primary care providers. In minority populations, 45.6 percent of low-income uninsured physician visits are with family physicians. In comparison, 30.1 percent of insured physician visits are with family physicians. Since the uninsured present more severely ill and advanced disease, family physicians are caring for sicker patients that often would be better served by more specialized care. In a study of children with a chronic condition or disability, Kuhlthau and colleagues found that 16.9 percent of the uninsured saw a specialist while 28.3 percent of the privately insured saw a specialist. Szilagyi and colleagues found a 5-fold increase in specialty visits after patient enrollment in an insurance program. Uninsured dialysis patients are three times more likely to be referred late to nephrologists than their insured counterparts. The uninsured's decreased access to specialists leads to worse outcomes for patients with hypertension, heart attacks, cancer, trauma, ruptured appendices, liver disease, and patients on ventilator support. Many communities have safety nets that are intended to provide care for their low-income uninsured. Generally, this includes some combination of emergency departments, health departments, free clinics, and charity care from other private providers. Safety nets are mainly composed of primary care providers and lack specialty care providers. While the specialty needs of the uninsured are known, few models to address this problem are described in the medical literature. In this program plan and evaluation paper, I first explore what models exist to address the lack of specialty care for the uninsured. I then describe a recently begun program in Richmond, Virginia and outline a plan for its growth and evaluation.
System management and compensatory parenting: Educational involvement after maternal incarceration
Creators: name: Branigan, Amelia R.
name: Ellis, Rachel
name: Jacobsen, Wade C.
name: Haskins, Anna R.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: children
education
incarceration
mothers

description: Research has demonstrated that paternal incarceration is associated with lower levels of educational involvement among fathers and primary caregivers, but little is known regarding caregiver educational involvement when mothers have been incarcerated. In this study, we present the first analysis of variation in school- and home-based educational involvement by maternal incarceration history, pairing survey and interview data to connect macro-level group differences with micro-level narratives of mothers’ involvement in their children's education. Our survey data demonstrate that children of ever-incarcerated mothers experience increased school-based educational involvement by their primary caregivers, regardless of whether the caregiver is the mother herself. Our interview data point to compensatory parenting as a key motivating factor in educational involvement, wherein a caregiver endeavors to “make up for” the child's history of maternal incarceration. Findings add to the literature demonstrating maternal incarceration as a distinct experience from both paternal incarceration and material disadvantage alone, and they suggest the need to explore the role of schools as potential points of productive institutional involvement for mothers with an incarceration history.
title: 3D Digital application to learn shoulder ultrasound scanning and to show anatomic representation of ultrasound images of rotator cuff pathology.
Creators: name: Bueno Horcajadas, Ángel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Image registration
subject: Education and training
subject: Perception image
subject: Education
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: PACS
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Extremities
subject: Anatomy

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Tolearnthe proper ultrasound scanning of shoulder by means of an interactive 3D digital application. Better understanding the rotator cuff pathology ultrasound images through faithfully correlated high quality anatomic 3D...
On the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model of electron transport: Low-temperature optical conductivity by the Mellin transform
Creators: name: Margetis, Dionisios
name: Watson, Alexander B.
name: Luskin, Mitchell
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: interband conductivity
Kubo formula
Mellin transform
Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model
tight-binding Hamiltonian
topological insulator

description: We describe the low-temperature optical conductivity as a function of frequency for a quantum-mechanical system of electrons that hop along a polymer chain. To this end, we invoke the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger tight-binding Hamiltonian for noninteracting spinless electrons on a one-dimensional (1D) lattice. Our goal is to show via asymptotics how the interband conductivity of this system behaves as the smallest energy bandgap tends to close. Our analytical approach includes: (i) the Kubo-type formulation for the optical conductivity with a nonzero damping due to microscopic collisions, (ii) reduction of this formulation to a 1D momentum integral over the Brillouin zone, and (iii) evaluation of this integral in terms of elementary functions via the three-dimensional Mellin transform with respect to key physical parameters and subsequent inversion in a region of the respective complex space. Our approach reveals an intimate connection of the behavior of the conductivity to particular singularities of its Mellin transform. The analytical results are found in good agreement with direct numerical computations.
British Gallup Poll CQ 597
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2014

description: Most admired man (1); most admired woman (1); government approval (1); James Callaghan performance (1); Margaret Thatcher performance (1); Daniel Steel performance (1); party support (1); last general election (2); 1978 predictions (10); power of various countries (4); energy shortage (4); nationalizing industries and oil (9); oil companies (16) headlight use (2); saving money (12); building societies (12); life assurance companies (12); banks (12); family games (45); brand knowledge (48); sporting equipment (22); small appliances (195); laundry (16).
Data-driven kinematics-consistent model order reduction of fluid-structure interaction problems: application to deformable microcapsules in a Stokes flow
Creators: name: Dupont, Claire
name: De Vuyst, Florian
name: Salsac, Anne-Virginie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70-XX, 92-XX, 65-XX

description: In this paper, we present a generic approach of a dynamical data-driven model order reduction technique for three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction problems. A low-order continuous linear differential system is identified from snapshot solutions of a high-fidelity solver. The reduced order model (ROM) uses different ingredients like proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and Tikhonov-based robust identification techniques. An interpolation method is used to predict the capsule dynamics for any value of the governing non-dimensional parameters that are not in the training database. Then a dynamical system is built from the predicted solution. Numerical evidence shows the ability of the reduced model to predict the time-evolution of the capsule deformation from its initial state, whatever the parameter values. Accuracy and stability properties of the resulting low-order dynamical system are analyzed numerically. The numerical experiments show a very good agreement, measured in terms of modified Hausdorff distance between capsule solutions of the full-order and low-order models both in the case of confined and unconfined flows. This work is a first milestone to move towards real time simulation of fluid-structure problems, which can be extended to non-linear low-order systems to account for strong material and flow non-linearities. It is a valuable innovation tool for rapid design and for the development of innovative devices.
British Gallup Poll CQ 597A
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2014

description: Government approval (1); James Callaghan performance (1); Margaret Thatcher performance (1); Daniel Steel performance (1); party support (1); last general election (2); pay raises various professions (7); move with work (2); terror status of various groups (3); jewelry (11); carpeting (2); candles (6); food packaging (7); non-stick cookware (13); grocery groups (22); department stores (84); tissues (96).
Subgroup Variation in Diagnostic Tests: Sources and Solutions
Creators: name: Nissman, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Diagnostic tests are an essential component of clinical medicine today. Like any other clinical study, the results of studies evaluating new diagnostic tests must be interpreted in the context of underlying methodological problems and generalizability. Subgroup variation in diagnostic test accuracy, the focus of this paper, can arise in two ways: the test truly performs differently in the two subgroups or it is an artifact. Real subgroup variation affects the generalizability of the results. Artifacts, however, arise from biased measurement (e.g. an imperfect reference standard) and affect the believability of the results. The question is whether real subgroup variation can be separated from artifact. Sources of subgroup variation and examples are presented with the specific focus on true subgroup variation and spurious variation due to the use of . imperfect reference standards. Both true variation and the use of imperfect reference standards are shown to be quite common. Frequently used tests, such as the urine dipstick for urinary tract infection, exhibit true subgroup variation. Observed test characteristics derived from comparison to an imperfect reference are shown to be prevalence-dependent. The effect of measurement reliability is discussed as a third source of potential subgroup variation. Two basic approaches for managing imperfect reference standards are reviewed: estimation techniques and methods for augmenting imperfect references. The emphasis is on the method ofHui and Walter, which provides a closed form expression for identifYing the unknown characteristics of the new test and the reference test in two populations. An alternate derivation is also provided that may be more accessible to the non-statistician. Methods for identifying true subgroup variation, simple stratification and regression analysis, as well as methods for incorporating subgroup variation into clinical decision making are presented to round out the general discussion of subgroup variation. IdentifYing subgroup variation and accounting for covariates in diagnostic test parameters is not significantly different from similar analyses in studies of interventions. The use of likelihood ratios to measure the impact of subgroup variation on decision making as well as a means for mitigating poor generalizability (spectrum bias) of a test when used in a population with a different severity of disease completes the discussion. The paper is concluded with a methodology for distinguishing true subgroup variation from spurious subgroup variation due to an imperfect reference standard.
British Gallup Poll CQ 900
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: Approval of government's record (1); satisfaction with Mrs. Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister (1); Mr. Neil Kinnock as leader of the Labor party (1); Mr. David Steel as leader of the Liberal party (1); Dr. David Owen as leader of the Social Democratic Party (1); voting in General Election (4); price controls (1); opinion on rise in prices (1); economic policies (2); wage increase over the past year (1); food prices compare to a year ago (1); wages compare to prices (1); finance (1).
Exciton-polaritons in 2D dichalcogenide layers placed in a planar microcavity: tuneable interaction between two Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Vasilevskiy, Mikhail I.
name: Santiago-Pérez, Darío G.
name: Trallero-Giner, Carlos
name: Peres, Nuno M. R.
name: Kavokin, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exciton-polariton modes arising from interaction between bound excitons in monolayer thin semiconductor sheets and photons in a Fabry-Perot microcavity are considered theoretically. We calculate the dispersion curves, mode lifetimes, Rabi splitting, and Hopfield coefficients of these structures for two nearly 2D semiconductor materials, MoS2 and WS2, and suggest that they are interesting for studying the rich physics associated with the Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton-polaritons. The large exciton binding energy and dipole allowed exciton transitions, in addition to the relatively easily controllable distance between the semiconductor sheets are the advantages of this system in comparison with traditional GaAs or CdTe based semiconductor microcavities. In particular, in order to mimic the rich physical properties of the quantum degenerate mixture of two bosonic species of dilute atomic gases with tunable inter-species interaction , we put forward a structure containing two semiconductor sheets separated by some atomic-scale distance (l) using a nearly 2D dielectric (e.g. h-BN), which offers the possibility of tuning the interaction between two exciton-polariton Bose-Enstein condensates. We show that the dynamics of this novel structure are ruled by two coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations with the coupling parameter proportional to 1/l.
Emotional processing and positive affect after acute exercise in healthy older adults
Creators: name: Kommula, Yash
name: Purcell, Jeremy J.
name: Callow, Daniel D.
name: Won, Junyeon
name: Pena, Gabriel S.
name: Smith, J. Carson
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: cognitive aging
emotion
fMRI
international affectice picture system
mood
physical activity

description: The well-elucidated improvement of mood immediately after exercise in older adults presumably involves adaptations in emotion-processing brain networks. However, little is known about effects of acute exercise on appetitive and aversive emotion-related network recruitment in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute exercise, compared to a seated rest control condition, on pleasant and unpleasant emotion-related regional activation in healthy older adults. Functional MRI data were acquired from 32 active older adults during blocked presentations of pleasant, neutral and unpleasant images from the International Affective Pictures System. fMRI data were collected after participants completed 30 min of moderate to vigorous intensity cycling or seated rest, performed in a counterbalanced order across separate days in a within-subject design. The findings suggest three ways that emotional processing in the brain may be different immediately after exercise (relative to immediately after rest): First, reduced demands on emotional regulation during pleasant emotional processing as indicated by lower precuneus activation for pleasant stimuli; second, reduced processing of negative emotional stimuli in visual association areas as indicated by lower activation for unpleasant stimuli in the bilateral fusiform and ITG; third, an increased recruitment in activation associated with regulating/inhibiting unpleasant emotional processing in the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex), angular gyri, supramarginal gyri, left cerebellar crus I/II and a portion of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Overall, these findings support that acute exercise in active older adults alters activation in key emotional processing and regulating brain regions.
Modeling Compact Binary Merger Waveforms Beyond General Relativity
Creators: name: Bonilla, Gabriel S.
name: Kumar, Prayush
name: Teukolsky, Saul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The parameterized post-Einsteinian framework modifies inspiral waveform models to incorporate effects beyond General Relativity. We extend the existing model into the merger-ringdown regime. The modification introduced here adds a single degree of freedom that corresponds to a change in the binary coalescence time. Other merger properties remain as predicted by GR. We discuss parameter estimation with this model, and how it can be used to extract information from beyond-GR waveforms.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
Adequacy of Postoperative Pain Control During and After Continuous Epidural Infusion
Creators: name: Rusak, Karen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Background/Aims: To evaluate rates of epidural failure, reasons why epidurals fail, and how well pain at rest and with motion is controlled during epidural infusion and for 48 hours after the epidural catheter has been removed in a prospective observational cohort study following postoperative patients with epidurals at UNC Hospitals. Methods: Patient-generated pain assessment was obtained on all postoperative days with the epidural, and at 8-12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after epidural removal, for pain at rest and with motion using the numerical rating scale (NRS) (0= no pain; 1 0= worst possible pain imaginable). When an epidural failed, the care team noted the cause of failure from a standard list. Data were also obtained about preoperative narcotic use, preoperative pain scores, type of operation, epidural catheter placement and all narcotic medications received postoperatively. Results Epidural failure rates were approximately 24 -31%. The three most common reasons for epidural failure were hypotension, pain occurring outside of the area of intended coverage, and unknown reasons why pain is not relieved despite appropriate epidural management. Failure rates were significantly higher among patients whose preoperative pain score was ≥ 5 and among patients who were using narcotics preoperatively. After removal of the epidural, pain scores increased and remained elevated for at least 48 hours. The increase was seen only in patients having lower extremity or abdominal epidurals, patients not taking preoperative narcotics, patients without severe preoperative pain, and patients who did not experience a failure in epidural analgesia. Patients with thoracic epidurals, on preoperative narcotics, with high preoperative pain scores and with epidural failure did not show an increase in pain scores after removal of the epidural catheter, but instead had higher pain scores at baseline that remained elevated. Conclusion: This study identified groups of patients with specific characteristics that are more likely to experience severe pain with an epidural, epidural failure, and significant increases in pain scores after removal of the epidural during the postoperative period. The reason(s) why pain scores increased after catheter removal in specific groups of patients is unclear; however since patients are transferred to another service immediately after the epidural is removed, the increase in pain scores may reflect a problem with communication between teams during transfer from the Acute Pain Service to the Surgical Service, ultimately leading to an analgesic gap.
Quiver Yangians and Crystal Melting: A Concise Summary
Creators: name: Yamazaki, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The goal of this short article is to summarize some of the recent developments in the quiver Yangians and crystal meltings. This article is based on a lecture delivered by the author at International Congress on Mathematical Physics (ICMP), Geneva, 2021.
description: v2: typos corrected; 8 pages, 7 figures, lecture at ICMP 2021
Pew Research Center Poll: Global Attitudes Project Fall 2009
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2011

description: Day description (1); Barack Obama job performance (2); life quality evaluations (3); country direction satisfaction (1); economic situation (1); Obama personality rating (10); favorability of various countries (11); international news (1); health care proposals (3); country leaders job performances (13); Vladimir Putin job performance (1); European Union membership (1); country problems (10); European economic integration (1); German reunification (4); multiparty system (3); market economy (3); post-communist economy (1); benefitting from political changes (3); country influence (5); favorability toward various groups (49); Czechoslovakia division (1); churches influencing politics (3); preferred government roles (2); most reliable countries (3); most threatening countries (3); agreement with various statements (12); important government attributes (7); democracy vs. economy (1); democracy satisfaction (1); national identity (1); European Union admittance (6); NATO (3); international concerns (3); Russian energy dependence (1); Afghanistan progress (5).
title: Persistent occipital sinus: The anatomical variant
Creators: name: Maravi, Poornima
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Vascular
subject: MR
subject: Education and training
subject: Anatomy and Functional Imaging

description: Clinical History: The 54-year female was referred for an MRI brain for the persistent headache for three months. Physical examination was unremarkable.

description: 54 years, female
title: Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of brachial plexopathy
Creators: name: Stosic-Opincal, Tatjana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Neuroradiology peripheral nerve
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Inflammation
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Trauma

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: In this presentation the possibilities of MRI in the evaluation of the brachial plexus pathology will be exposed, based on a review of 18 cases of patients presenting with...
Positive tree diversity effects on arboreal spider abundance are tied to canopy cover in a forest experiment
Creators: name: Butz, Elizabeth M.
name: Schmitt, Lauren M.
name: Parker, John D.
name: Burghardt, Karin T.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: arthropods
biodiversity-ecosystem functioning
predator
tree architecture
tree diversity
trophic interactions

description: Human actions are decreasing the diversity and complexity of forests, and a mechanistic understanding of how these changes affect predators is needed to maintain ecosystem services, including pest regulation. Using a large-scale tree diversity experiment, we investigate how spiders respond to trees growing in plots of single or mixed species combinations (4 or 12) by repeatedly sampling 540 trees spanning 15 species. In 2019 (6 years post-establishment), spider responses to tree diversity varied by tree species. By 2021, diversity had a more consistently positive effect, with trees in 4- or 12-species plots supporting 23% or 50% more spiders, respectively, compared to conspecifics in monocultures. Spiders showed stronger tree species preferences in late summer, and the positive impact of plot diversity doubled. In early summer, the positive diversity effect was tied to higher canopy cover in diverse plots, leading to higher spider densities. This indirect path strengthened in late summer, with an additional direct effect of plot diversity on spiders. Prey availability was higher in diverse plots but was not tied to spider density. Overall, diverse plots supported more predators, partly by increasing available habitat. Adopting planting strategies focused on species mixtures may better maintain higher trophic levels and ecosystem functions.
Goals and Reality in the Compacting of the Cherokee Indian Hospital: Evaluating the Process of Change
Creators: name: Sanders, C. Blythe
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Objective: (1) To describe and analyze the process of compacting, or moving control of health systems from the Indian Health Service to American Indian and Alaska Native (AlAN) tribes, and the stimuli that drove it; (2) To evaluate the obstacles and advantages to compacting; (3) To determine whether compacting has the capacity to contribute to improved quality of care and better health outcomes of AlAN people; (4) To illustrate these processes via a preliminary case study of the compacting of the Cherokee Indian Hospital of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians, in Cherokee, North Carolina. Design: Primary analysis of legislation and other primary source documents and in·depth interviews with key informants. Source of Study Data: Public documents in the form of legislation, regulation, and administrative policies; key informant interviews of health policymakers in the Cherokee Indian Hospital conducted by the author Findings: Successful compacting requires an intricate, multistage process of preparation and high levels of assistance and cooperation. The goal of compacting is not accompanied by the level of resources necessary to make compacting a straightforward matter of transfer of federal funds to tribes. Successful compacting, at present, is probably only possible for wealthier tribes with independent revenue streams that can be diverted to tribal health system support, such as gaming revenues. Conclusions: Tribal health care likely cannot escape the challenges of existing in a public·private hybrid that dominate the larger U.S. health care system, despite the clear federal treaty obligation to provide for AlAN health. Compacting, as an important part of the larger trend to tribal self-governance, is the best strategy for improving the quality of care and health outcomes for AIANs, since tribes know their members' needs best. Compacting in the absence of adequate resources, including money and administrative capacity, is likely doomed to failure. With such resources, however, compacting will improve the health and health care of AIANs.
Phase Transitions in a kinetic flocking model of Cucker-Smale type
Creators: name: Barbaro, Alethea B. T.
name: Cañizo, José A.
name: Carrillo, José A.
name: Degond, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a collective behavior model in which individuals try to imitate each others' velocity and have a preferred speed. We show that a phase change phenomenon takes place as diffusion decreases, bringing the system from a "disordered" to an "ordered" state. This effect is related to recently noticed phenomena for the diffusive Vicsek model. We also carry out numerical simulations of the system and give further details on the phase transition.
title: CT-imaging of post-inflammatory strictures of esophagus (corrosive, peptic and anastomotic) using contrast-enhanced CT
Creators: name: Vishnevskaia, Anna
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Contrast agent-oral
subject: Image verification
subject: Inflammation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this presentation isto describe and to illustrate the CT-signs of post-inflammatory strictures of esophagus (corrosive, peptic andanastomotic) using contrast-enhanced...
Overview of Substance Abuse Treatment
Creators: name: Peay, Andrea
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Drug abuse is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes an individual to seek out and use drugs despite the negative consequences. In 2006, an estimated 20.4 million Americans aged 12 or older were current illicit drug users (NIDA, 2008). Drug addiction is a major public health problem that impacts all of society including the medical, social, criminal, and economic aspects. Annually, abuse and addiction to alcohol, nicotine, and illegal substances costs Americans a half trillion dollars and contributes to the death of more than 100,000 Americans. Tobacco alone causes an estimated 440,000 deaths per year (NIDA, 2008). Drug addiction is a costly public health problem that often requires intervention and treatment in order to help affected individuals break their ties to addiction. This paper explores the various causes of drug abuse and compares the effectiveness of treatment options that are available to addicts. Studies of treatment options are also examined, most of which indicate that programs that address all of the aspects of drug abuse, mental, social and economic problems, will result in the best chance of recovery.
Defects and Frustration in the Packing of Soft Balls
Creators: name: Jao, Kenneth
name: Promislow, Keith
name: Sottile, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37L30 (primary) 37L60 82D30

description: This work introduces the Hookean-Voronoi energy, a minimal model for the packing of soft, deformable balls. This is motivated by recent studies of quasi-periodic equilibria arising from dense packings of diblock and star polymers. Restricting to the planar case, we investigate the equilibrium packings of identical, deformable objects whose shapes are determined by an $N$-site Voronoi tessellation of a periodic rectangle. We derive a reduced formulation of the system showing at equilibria each site must reside at the ``max-center'' of its associated Voronoi region and construct a family of ordered ``single-string'' minimizers whose cardinality is $O(N^2)$. We identify sharp conditions under which the system admits a regular hexagonal tessellation and establish that in all cases the average energy per site is bounded below by that of a regular hexagon of unit size. However, numerical investigation of gradient flow of random initial data, reveals that for modest values of $N$ the system preponderantly equilibrates to quasi-ordered states with low energy and large basins of attraction. For larger $N$ the distribution of equilibria energies appears to approach a $δ$-function limit, whose energy is significantly higher than the ground state hexagon. This limit is possibly shaped by two mechanisms: a proliferation of moderate-energy disordered equilibria that block access of the gradient flow to lower energy quasi-ordered states and a rigid threshold on the maximum energy of stable states.
Agenator: An open source computer-controlled dry aging system for beef
Creators: name: Lau, Soon Kiat
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agenator
subject: air velocity
subject: Arduino
subject: beef
subject: beef aging
subject: C#
subject: control
subject: fan rotational speed
subject: meat science
subject: open source
subject: PID
subject: relative humidity
subject: temperature
subject: weight

description: An open source system with control and/or recording capabilities for relative humidity, fan speed, weight, and air velocity. Designed for dry aging of beef, but is readily adaptable for other applications involving relative humidity.
title: Respiratory motion impact on liver tumor target volume definition in radiation therapy.
Creators: name: Nemiro, Ineta
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Liver
subject: MR
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Metastases

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the liver tumor movement depending on the patient's respiratory and liver segment, in which the tumor is located. This objective was put to task to compare the liver tumor target volume, obtained by CT and...
HST hot-Jupiter transmission spectral survey: Clear skies for cool Saturn WASP-39b
Creators: name: Fischer, Patrick D.
name: Knutson, Heather A.
name: Sing, David K.
name: Henry, Gregory W.
name: Williamson, Michael W.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Burrows, Adam S.
name: Kataria, Tiffany
name: Nikolov, Nikolay
name: Showman, Adam P.
name: Ballester, Gilda E.
name: Désert, Jean-Michel
name: Aigrain, Suzanne
name: Deming, Drake
name: Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des
name: Vidal-Madjar, Alfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present HST STIS optical transmission spectroscopy of the cool Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b from 0.29-1.025 micron, along with complementary transit observations from Spitzer IRAC at 3.6 and 4.5 micron. The low density and large atmospheric pressure scale height ofWASP-39b make it particularly amenable to atmospheric characterization using this technique. We detect a Rayleigh scattering slope as well as sodium and potassium absorption features; this is the first exoplanet in which both alkali features are clearly detected with the extended wings predicted by cloud-free atmosphere models. The full transmission spectrum is well matched by a clear, H2-dominated atmosphere or one containing a weak contribution from haze, in good agreement with the preliminary reduction of these data presented in Sing et al. (2016). WASP-39b is predicted to have a pressure-temperature profile comparable to that of HD 189733b and WASP-6b, making it one of the coolest transiting gas giants observed in our HST STIS survey. Despite this similarity, WASP-39b appears to be largely cloud-free while the transmission spectra of HD 189733b and WASP-6b both indicate the presence of high altitude clouds or hazes. These observations further emphasize the surprising diversity of cloudy and cloud-free gas giant planets in short-period orbits and the corresponding challenges associated with developing predictive cloud models for these atmospheres.
Automated Leaf Disease Recognition System: A Hybrid Approach Using Vit-ResNet Architecture and Flask Framework
Creators: name: Tejaswini, Bairi
name: Bhagya Sree, Bali
name: Pradeep, Bonu
name: Babu, Dasari Lokesh
name: Venkatesh, Gidijala
name: Babu, G Stalin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Agriculture is a sector that is gaining and gaining prominence because food demands have close linkages with each industry. The growing need for proper crop management to meet food requirement of people is what is making this growing importance happen. Therefore, early plant disease detection and control have emerged as imperative while considering biodiversity, agricultural loss, and environmental sustainability. The procedure for multi-leaf disease detectionutilized in this paper employs Vision Transformers (ViT) together with ResNet-50. Bottleneck layers are employed for extracting the model's features and then the Flask Python framework is employed to incorporate them into a web interface. High resolution photos are utilized in the first phase of the project, and the model performs preprocessing for segmentation, normalization, and noise reduction. ViT model is given the input image initially, then ResNet-50 model. To identify notable features of the leaf, the data obtained by these two models are merged through a bottleneck layer. Through the incorporation of the model with the web, this project not only determine diseases but also provide appropriate cures for every one of them. Cost-savings, real-time processing, and correct solutions are some of the advantages of this proposed automatic leaf disease diagnosis system. It also reduces crop deficit and enhances agricultural output.
Versatile Production of Multivariate, Hyperdimensional End Group and Main Chain Functionalized Polyolefins
Creators: name: Fischbach, Danyon M.
name: Krstic, Katharina A.
name: Sita, Lawrence R.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023
Subjects: functional
living polymerization
polyolefin

description: The (stereoselective) living coordinative copolymerization of 1-alkenes with 4-aryl-1,6-heptadienes, in both the absence and presence of multiple equivalents of a reversible chain transfer agent, is established as a highly versatile strategy for production of multivariate hyperdimensional functionalized semi-crystalline or amorphous polyolefins that optionally possess either mono- or difunctionalized (telechelic) end-groups in combination with a programmable level of incorporation of orthogonal functional groups within the main-chain. The non-conjugated diene comonomers are readily obtained from a diverse range of aryl carboxaldehyde precursors through a one-step bis-allylation process. These results serve to provide a new platform for exploring the science and technology of a vast new landscape of functionalized classes of polyolefins that are now accessible in practical and scalable quantities.