cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reducing Uncertainty in Outdoors PV Module Characterisation
Creators: name: Rossa, C.H.
name: Martinez-Moreno, F.
name: Lorenzo, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1196-1200
description: Quality control of PV modules in large grid-connected PV plants is typically accomplished by means
of indoors testing at qualified laboratories which use solar-simulators. Nevertheless, outdoors on-site measurement of
PV modules has several advantages: the devices required to measure the PV modules are much cheaper than solar
simulators; the costs and effort related to disassemble and to transport the PV modules to the laboratories are entirely
avoided; and the safety of the modules against undesirable cracks and/or module breakage during their manipulation
is drastically improved (manipulation is just reduced to unplug and to plug the connectors). Besides, the uncertainties
related to outdoors PV module measurements are also strongly reduced when reference devices to measure effective
incident irradiance and solar cell temperature are properly selected. These uncertainties are even lower when
considering the different response of each PV module to the same real weather conditions is taken into account,
especially those related to cell temperature. So uncertainties of outdoors measurements can be reduced close to those
ones obtained with the indoors characterisation. This works deals with the temperature dispersion inside PV modules
and between different PV modules, as well as how to manage this dispersion when the PV modules are characterised
outdoors to obtain accurate results with a reduced uncertainty.
Angular reconstruction of high energy air showers using the radio signal spectrum
Creators: name: Nonis, S.
name: Leisos, A.
name: Tsirigotis, A.
name: Bourlis, G.
name: Papageorgiou, K.
name: Gkialas, I.
name: Manthos, I.
name: Tzamarias, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hellenic Open University extensive air shower array (also known as Astroneu array) is a small scale hybrid detection system operating in an area with high levels of electromagnetic noise from anthropogenic activity. In the present study we report the latest results of the data analysis concerning the estimation of the shower direction using the spectrum of the RF system. In a recent layout of the array, 4 RF antennas were operating receiving a common trigger from an autonomous detection station of 3 particle detectors. The directions estimated with the RF system are in very good agreement with the corresponding estimations using the particle detectors demonstrating that a single antenna has the potential for reconstructing the shower axis angular direction.
Performance Simulations of a 72-Cell, a-Si HET Module with Different Tab-Interconnection Geometries
Creators: name: Eymard, J.
name: Commault, B.
name: Gérenton, F.
name: Guérin, T.
name: Clerc, R.
name: Hebert, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1218-1222
description: The use of half-cells is known to be an effective way to increase cell-to-module (CTM) ratio, thanks to lower resistive losses. Multi-wire interconnection allows reducing silver paste consumption; offering better effective shading compared to flat ribbons. The number and the diameter of wires influence the series resistance and photo-generated current values in opposite ways, leading to an optimal value in CTM. In this paper, the impact of grid resistance and effective shading of wires on the optimum number and diameter of wires is evaluated. Two module architectures are considered, half- and full-cells. Decreasing grid resistance by a factor two, even if it allows using fewer wires, has only a small impact on CTM gain (+ 0.3 %). A large range of possible values of effective shading is found in the literature. The sensitivity analysis shows that it has a major impact on CTM (± 1.3 %), at constant consumption in amount of wires. The use of half-cells allows to employ less wires with a smaller diameter than in full-cell modules. It is a double gain, in CTM performance (+ 2.2 %) and in consumption of raw material (- 40 %).
Pate, C. Marvin; Duvall, J. Scott; Hays, J. Daniel; Richards, E. Randolph; Tucker Jr., W. Dennis and Vang, Preben: The story of Israel
Creators: name: Sprinkle, Preston M.
Publisher: name: European journal of theology
Year: 2024

description: European journal of theology, V. 15 N. 1 (2006): European Journal of Theology, Band 15, Heft 1
Aethopyga gouldiae subsp. melittae Koelz
Creators: name: Pachycephalidae
name: Aegithalidae
name: Remizidae
name: Paridae
name: Sittidae
name: Neosittidae
name: Certhiidae
name: Rhabdornithidae
name: Climacteridae
name: Dicaeidae
name: Pardalotidae
name: Nectariniidae, And
name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Nectariniidae
Aethopyga

description: Aethopyga gouldiae melittae Koelz Aethopyga gouldiae melittae Koelz, 1954: 21 (Mt. Victoria, 1400 m.). Now Aethopyga gouldiae isolata Stuart Baker, 1925. See Rand, 1967: 274, and Cheke and Mann, 2008a: 309. HOLOTYPE: AMNH 306280, adult male, collected on Mt. Victoria, 1400 m, 21.12N, 93.55E (Times Atlas), Chin Hills, Myanmar, on 18 March 1938, by Gerd Heinrich on the Burma Expedition of 1937/38 (no. 2129). COMMENTS: In the original description, Koelz cited the AMNH number of the holotype and listed seven males and nine females in AMNH and MCZ. The following are paratypes in AMNH: AMNH 306281– 306285, three males and two females from Mt. Victoria. Heinrich’s Mt. Victoria collection was reported on by Stresemann and Heinrich (1939) with specimens deposited in ZMB and American museums (Stresemann and Heinrich (1939: 151), including MCZ and AMNH (although not specifically mentioned) where Koelz studied specimens.
description: Published as part of Pachycephalidae, Aegithalidae, Remizidae, Paridae, Sittidae, Neosittidae, Certhiidae, Rhabdornithidae, Climacteridae, Dicaeidae, Pardalotidae, Nectariniidae, And & Lecroy, Mary, 2010, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 8. Passeriformes:, pp. 1-178 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2010 (333) on page 149
description: {"references": ["Koelz, W. 1954. Ornithological studies. 1. New birds from Iran, Afghanistan, and India. Contributions from the Institute for Regional Exploration 1: 1 - 32.", "Cheke, R. A., and C. F. Mann. 2008 a. Family Nectariniidae (sunbirds). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. Christie (editors), Handbook of birds of the world, volume 13: 196 - 320. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 880 pp., 60 pls., 536 photographs.", "Stresemann, E., and G. Heinrich. 1939. Die Vogel des Mount Victoria. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 24: 151 - 264."]}
Random walks and induced Dirichlet forms on self-similar sets
Creators: name: Kong, Shi-Lei
name: Lau, Ka-Sing
name: Wong, Ting-Kam Leonard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80, 60J10 (Primary), 60J50 (Secondary)

description: Let $K$ be a self-similar set satisfying the open set condition. Following Kaimanovich's elegant idea, it has been proved that on the symbolic space $X$ of $K$ a natural augmented tree structure ${\mathfrak E}$ exists; it is hyperbolic, and the hyperbolic boundary $\partial_HX$ with the Gromov metric is Hölder equivalent to $K$. In this paper we consider certain reversible random walks with return ratio $0< λ<1$ on $(X, {\mathfrak E})$. We show that the Martin boundary ${\mathcal M}$ can be identified with $\partial_H X$ and $K$. With this setup and a device of Silverstein, we obtain precise estimates of the Martin kernel and the Naïm kernel in terms of the Gromov product. Moreover, the Naïm kernel turns out to be a jump kernel satisfying the estimate $Θ(ξ, η) \asymp |ξ-η|^{-(α+ β)}$, where $α$ is the Hausdorff dimension of $K$ and $β$ depends on $λ$. For suitable $β$, the kernel defines a regular non-local Dirichlet form on $K$. This extends the results of Kigami concerning random walks on certain trees with Cantor-type sets as boundaries.
description: 33 pages with 2 figures
Annual Degradation Rates of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules in Different Climatic Zones in China
Creators: name: Song, H.
name: Xu, P.
name: Wu, Z.
name: Xia, Y.
name: Yun, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1189-1191
description: Module degradation rates in different climatic zones are investigated in this work. Three outdoor PV systems are installed in different places in China. Modules are uninstalled and moved to a local laboratory to do the STC I-V measurements every three months. Degradation rates differ due to the different climatic features, and also the module types. The environment factors affect degradation rate in varying degrees. Glass-backsheet module is sensitive to UV, while dual-glass module is sensitive to a damp heat environment. Dual-glass module has a minor degradation rate than glass-backsheet module in the three sites. Energy output of module is affected by the power degradation. Electricity/power gain is related to the less degradation rate.
Importance of Power Stabilization of Crystalline PV Modules
Creators: name: Ebner, R.
name: Újvári, G.
name: Mühleisen, W.
name: Hirschl, Ch.
name: Eder, G.C.
name: Voronko, Y.
name: Vollmaier, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1161-1164
description: Power output results of module measurements performed in independent laboratories often appear lower than those indicated on the label. The reason for this effect is that several factors that may affect a PV module power output are not taken into account. PV modules made of crystalline silicon solar cells suffer an initial slight loss in peak power upon irradiation, an effect known as “light induced power stabilization” [1,2]. As many module producers know this effect, this light induced degradation (LID) is included in their labeled output power value and, as a consequence also in the product guarantee. When modules are subject to IEC reliability testing, the modules need to show a stable output before starting the tests, thus, they must be exposed to natural sunlight or an artificial light source in a solar simulator over 20kWh/m2. This power stabilization procedure is compulsory according to the standard IEC 61215 for certifications of PV modules [3]. When different combinations of module materials are tested for durability in e.g. damp heat (DH) or thermal cycle (TC) testing, a stable condition of the solar cells is needed as reference state. This allows distinguishing between the various ageing effects caused by physical or chemical changes of the polymeric materials and/or solar cells. In the performed experiments, durability testing results with and without light soaking (40kWh) were compared.
Asymptotically mean value harmonic functions in doubling metric measure spaces
Creators: name: Adamowicz, Tomasz
name: Kijowski, Antoni
name: Soultanis, Elefterios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 31E05, Secondary: 53C23, 35R03

description: We consider functions with an asymptotic mean value property, known to characterize harmonicity in Riemannian manifolds, in doubling metric measure spaces. We show that the strongly amv-harmonic functions are Hölder continuous for any exponent below one. More generally, we define the class of functions with finite amv-norm and show that functions in this class belong to a fractional Hajlasz-Sobolev space and their blow-ups satisfy the mean-value property. Furthermore, in the weighted Euclidean setting we find an elliptic PDE satisfied by amv-harmonic functions.
description: 28 pg
Effect of lensing magnification on the apparent distribution of black hole mergers
Creators: name: Dai, Liang
name: Venumadhav, Tejaswi
name: Sigurdson, Kris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent detection of gravitational waves indicates that stellar-mass black hole binaries are likely to be a key population of sources for forthcoming observations. With future upgrades, ground-based detectors could detect merging black hole binaries out to cosmological distances. Gravitational wave bursts from high redshifts ($z \gtrsim 1$) can be strongly magnified by gravitational lensing due to intervening galaxies along the line of sight. In the absence of electromagnetic counterparts, the mergers' intrinsic mass scale and redshift are degenerate with the unknown magnification factor $μ$. Hence, strongly magnified low-mass mergers from high redshifts appear as higher-mass mergers from lower redshifts. We assess the impact of this degeneracy on the mass-redshift distribution of observable events for generic models of binary black hole formation from normal stellar evolution, Pop III star remnants, or a primordial black hole population. We find that strong magnification ($μ\gtrsim 3$) generally creates a heavy tail of apparently massive mergers in the event distribution from a given detector. For LIGO and its future upgrades, this tail may dominate the population of intrinsically massive, but unlensed mergers in binary black hole formation models involving normal stellar evolution or primordial black holes. Modeling the statistics of lensing magnification can help account for this magnification bias when testing astrophysical scenarios of black hole binary formation and evolution.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, discussion on the validity of ray optics added; PRD published version
PV Module and Solar Glass Trickling Sand Testing
Creators: name: Mathiak, G.
name: Grimm, D.
name: Rimmelspacher, L.
name: Herrmann, W.
name: Reil, F.
name: Althaus, J.
name: Morlier, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1092-1096
description: More and more PV systems are installed in deserts with hot and dry climates. Higher module
temperatures, ultraviolet radiation, sand storms and dust soiling are the main challenges for special PV module
designs and the module test requirements. In this work the abrasion effect of blown sand is investigated. Sand
trickling tests according to DIN 52348 [1] and ASTM D968-05 [2] were performed. The test setup includes a funnel
for the sand and a tube to guide the falling sand to the sample. Parameters as sand particle speed, test duration and the
sand type were varied. For comparison blowing sand tests according to IEC 60068-2-68 method Lc2 [3] were
conducted with modules and glass samples.
Life Cycle Assessment of CIGS PV Modules: Update of Current Production Conditions in Germany and Investigation of a Planned Factory in China
Creators: name: Briem, A.-K.
name: Held, M.
name: Dimmler, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
Sustainability and Recycling

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1131-1139
description: This study investigates the potential environmental impacts of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) PV modules using life cycle assessment (LCA). Detailed manufacturer data provided by NICE Solar Energy GmbH for an existing production line in Germany and for a factory under construction in China were available. The results show that the environmental impacts from CIGS module production in China are higher compared to the German reference production. The sensitivities related to the regional conditions of the production location (electricity generation mix and climate-dependent electricity demand) are investigated for the Chinese production. Regarding CIGS electricity generation, irradiance values of 1,100 kWh/(m²a) and 1,700 kWh/(m²a), module efficiencies of 14.6%, 16.0% and prospective 18.0%, a lifetime of 30 years, a performance ratio of 0.75 and a degradation rate of 0.5% per year are taken into account for all installation scenarios. The results show that the higher impacts from a production in China compared to a production in Germany can be compensated during the use phase by an ideal site selection. For a German production, the GWP100 results range from 15.2 to 30.0 g CO2-eq./kWh for the investigated installation scenarios and for a Chinese production this range is 19.0 to 37.3 g CO2-eq./kWh.
A Unified Single-loop Alternating Gradient Projection Algorithm for Nonconvex-Concave and Convex-Nonconcave Minimax Problems
Creators: name: Xu, Zi
name: Zhang, Huiling
name: Xu, Yang
name: Lan, Guanghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 90C47, 90C26, 90C30

description: Much recent research effort has been directed to the development of efficient algorithms for solving minimax problems with theoretical convergence guarantees due to the relevance of these problems to a few emergent applications. In this paper, we propose a unified single-loop alternating gradient projection (AGP) algorithm for solving smooth nonconvex-(strongly) concave and (strongly) convex-nonconcave minimax problems. AGP employs simple gradient projection steps for updating the primal and dual variables alternatively at each iteration. We show that it can find an $\varepsilon$-stationary point of the objective function in $\mathcal{O}\left( \varepsilon ^{-2} \right)$ (resp. $\mathcal{O}\left( \varepsilon ^{-4} \right)$) iterations under nonconvex-strongly concave (resp. nonconvex-concave) setting. Moreover, its gradient complexity to obtain an $\varepsilon$-stationary point of the objective function is bounded by $\mathcal{O}\left( \varepsilon ^{-2} \right)$ (resp., $\mathcal{O}\left( \varepsilon ^{-4} \right)$) under the strongly convex-nonconcave (resp., convex-nonconcave) setting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a simple and unified single-loop algorithm is developed for solving both nonconvex-(strongly) concave and (strongly) convex-nonconcave minimax problems. Moreover, the complexity results for solving the latter (strongly) convex-nonconcave minimax problems have never been obtained before in the literature. Numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed AGP algorithm. Furthermore, we extend the AGP algorithm by presenting a block alternating proximal gradient (BAPG) algorithm for solving more general multi-block nonsmooth nonconvex-(strongly) concave and (strongly) convex-nonconcave minimax problems. We can similarly establish the gradient complexity of the proposed algorithm under these four different settings.
Practical Assessment of Power Rating Uncertainties for Industrial Silicon Modules
Creators: name: Wilterdink, H.W.
name: Blum, A.L.
name: Sainsbury, C.L.
name: Sinton, R.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1044-1048
description: Measurement uncertainties in industrial module power ratings are often treated as a topic of mindnumbing
scope and complexity, effectively leading to a lack of uncertainty reporting in actual practice. For typical
commercial silicon modules in production line settings, we show that power rating uncertainty is primarily due to the
reference module(s) and procedure(s) used to calibrate the solar simulator (flash tester) irradiance. The uncertainty
“added” at the production line flash test step is only the test reproducibility, which can be quite small (e.g., ± 0.2 %,
k = 1) and can be assessed by straightforward methods described here.
Aethopyga seheriae subsp. owstoni Rothschild
Creators: name: Pachycephalidae
name: Aegithalidae
name: Remizidae
name: Paridae
name: Sittidae
name: Neosittidae
name: Certhiidae
name: Rhabdornithidae
name: Climacteridae
name: Dicaeidae
name: Pardalotidae
name: Nectariniidae, And
name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Nectariniidae
Aethopyga

description: Aethopyga seheriae owstoni Rothschild Aethopyga seheriae owstoni Rothschild, 1910: 32 (Nauchau Island, off Kwangtung Peninsula, S. China). Now Aethopyga siparaja owstoni Rothschild, 1910. See Dickinson, 2003: 713, and Cheke and Mann, 2008a: 313–314. HOLOTYPE: AMNH 686477, adult male, collected on Nao Chou Tao (5 Nauchau Island), 20.56N, 110.33E (Times Atlas), Guangdong (5 Kwangtung) Province, China, on 6 January 1907, by collectors for Alan Owston (no. N. 10). From the Rothschild Collection. COMMENTS: Rothschild gave the above data for his type, the date of 6 January 1907 being unique for the specimen that is now AMNH 686477, and noted that he had 17 male specimens. The holotype bears in addition to the Owston label, Rothschild Collection and type labels and was confirmed as the type by Hartert (1920a: 425). Fourteen of the 16 paratypes (all of which bear the number ‘‘N. 10’’) came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection: AMNH 686469– 686476 and 686478–686483, all collected on Nao Chou Tao between 1 and 10 January 1907 by Owston’s collectors.
description: Published as part of Pachycephalidae, Aegithalidae, Remizidae, Paridae, Sittidae, Neosittidae, Certhiidae, Rhabdornithidae, Climacteridae, Dicaeidae, Pardalotidae, Nectariniidae, And & Lecroy, Mary, 2010, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 8. Passeriformes:, pp. 1-178 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2010 (333) on page 150
description: {"references": ["Rothschild, W. 1910. [The Hon. Walter Rothschild exhibited an example of a new sunbird, which he described as follows: -]. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 25: 32.", "Dickinson, E. C. (editor). 2003. The Howard & Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world. 3 rd ed. London: Christopher Helm, 1039 pp.", "Cheke, R. A., and C. F. Mann. 2008 a. Family Nectariniidae (sunbirds). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. Christie (editors), Handbook of birds of the world, volume 13: 196 - 320. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 880 pp., 60 pls., 536 photographs.", "Hartert, E. 1920 a. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection (contd.). Novitates Zoologicae 27: 425 - 505."]}
Dimension of harmonic measures in hyperbolic spaces
Creators: name: Tanaka, Ryokichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show exact dimensionality of harmonic measures associated with random walks on groups acting on a hyperbolic space under finite first moment condition, and establish the dimension formula by the entropy over the drift. We also treat the case when a group acts on a non-proper hyperbolic space acylindrically. Applications of this formula include continuity of the Hausdorff dimension with respect to driving measures and Brownian motions on regular coverings of a finite volume Riemannian manifold.
description: Final version, to appear in Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems
Robust multigrid for high-order discontinuous Galerkin methods: A fast Poisson solver suitable for high-aspect ratio Cartesian grids
Creators: name: Stiller, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a polynomial multigrid method for nodal interior penalty and local discontinuous Galerkin formulations of the Poisson equation on Cartesian grids. For smoothing we propose two classes of overlapping Schwarz methods. The first class comprises element-centered and the second face-centered methods. Within both classes we identify methods that achieve superior convergence rates, prove robust with respect to the mesh spacing and the polynomial order, at least up to ${P=32}$. Consequent structure exploitation yields a computational complexity of $O(PN)$, where $N$ is the number of unknowns. Further we demonstrate the suitability of the face-centered method for element aspect ratios up to 32.
Uncertainty quantification for nonconvex tensor completion: Confidence intervals, heteroscedasticity and optimality
Creators: name: Cai, Changxiao
name: Poor, H. Vincent
name: Chen, Yuxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the distribution and uncertainty of nonconvex optimization for noisy tensor completion -- the problem of estimating a low-rank tensor given incomplete and corrupted observations of its entries. Focusing on a two-stage estimation algorithm proposed by Cai et al. (2019), we characterize the distribution of this nonconvex estimator down to fine scales. This distributional theory in turn allows one to construct valid and short confidence intervals for both the unseen tensor entries and the unknown tensor factors. The proposed inferential procedure enjoys several important features: (1) it is fully adaptive to noise heteroscedasticity, and (2) it is data-driven and automatically adapts to unknown noise distributions. Furthermore, our findings unveil the statistical optimality of nonconvex tensor completion: it attains un-improvable $\ell_{2}$ accuracy -- including both the rates and the pre-constants -- when estimating both the unknown tensor and the underlying tensor factors.
description: Accepted in part to ICML 2020
Backsheet Chalking - Theoretical Background and Relation to Backsheet Cracking and Insulation Failures
Creators: name: Gebhardt, P.
name: Pitta Bauermann, L.
name: Philipp, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1097-1100
description: This paper assesses the phenomenon of PV backsheet chalking and its effect on solar module reliability.
We review the current state of literature on the chalking effect in general and discuss the commonly accepted
photocatalytic mechanism of polymer degradation in paints and coatings. We then apply this general knowledge to
solar backsheets and discuss its relevance for solar modules reliability and performance, including the experience we
have gained from investigations on field-exposed modules. After a physical and chemical analysis identifying the
powder as titanium dioxide (TiO2), the important factors for the occurrence of backsheet chalking are determined as
(a) the type of polymer layers, (b) the polymer formulation, and (c) the amount and location of TiO2 in the backsheet.
Finally, two cases of field-aged modules exemplify different degradation pathways, that both originate from the same
degradation mechanism. Although backsheet chalking can, in some cases, be an indication for further degradation, an
analytical investigation of the backsheet is necessary to determine the actually associated risk.
Constraining the density dependence of the symmetry energy using the multiplicity and average $p_T$ ratios of charged pions
Creators: name: Cozma, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charged pion multiplicity ratio in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions, a probe of the density dependence of symmetry energy above the saturation point, has been proven in a previous study to be extremely sensitive to the strength of the isovector $Δ$(1232) potential in nuclear matter. As there is no knowledge, either from theory or experiment, about the magnitude of this quantity, the extraction of constraints on the slope of the symmetry energy at saturation by using exclusively the mentioned observable is hindered at present. It is shown that, by including the ratio of average $p_T$ of charged pions $\langle p_T^{(π^+)}\rangle/\langle p_T^{(π^-)}\rangle$ in the list of fitted observables, the noted problem can be circumvented. A realistic description of this observable requires accounting for the interaction of pions with the dense nuclear matter environment by the incorporation of the so called $S$-wave and $P$-wave pion optical potentials. This is performed within the framework of a quantum molecular dynamics transport model that enforces the conservation of the total energy of the system. It is shown that constraints on the slope of the symmetry energy at saturation density and the strength of the $Δ$(1232) potential can be simultaneously extracted. A symmetry energy with a value of the slope parameter $L>$ 50 MeV is favored, at 1$σ$ confidence level, from a comparison with published FOPI experimental data. A precise constraint will require experimental data more accurate than presently available, particularly for the charged pion multiplicity ratio, and better knowledge of the density and momentum dependence of the pion potential for the whole range of these two variables probed in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions.
description: 22 pages, 17 figures
Infomap Bioregions: Interactive mapping of biogeographical regions from species distributions
Creators: name: Edler, Daniel
name: Guedes, Thaís
name: Zizka, Alexander
name: Rosvall, Martin
name: Antonelli, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Biogeographical regions (bioregions) reveal how different sets of species are spatially grouped and therefore are important units for conservation, historical biogeography, ecology and evolution. Several methods have been developed to identify bioregions based on species distribution data rather than expert opinion. One approach successfully applies network theory to simplify and highlight the underlying structure in species distributions. However, this method lacks tools for simple and efficient analysis. Here we present Infomap Bioregions, an interactive web application that inputs species distribution data and generates bioregion maps. Species distributions may be provided as georeferenced point occurrences or range maps, and can be of local, regional or global scale. The application uses a novel adaptive resolution method to make best use of often incomplete species distribution data. The results can be downloaded as vector graphics, shapefiles or in table format. We validate the tool by processing large datasets of publicly available species distribution data of the world's amphibians using species ranges, and mammals using point occurrences. We then calculate the fit between the inferred bioregions and WWF ecoregions. As examples of applications, researchers can reconstruct ancestral ranges in historical biogeography or identify indicator species for targeted conservation.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 2, tables, for interactive application, http://bioregions.mapequation.org
Magnetic Field Imaging (MFI) of Solar Modules
Creators: name: Lausch, D.
name: Patzold, M.
name: Rudolph, M.
name: Lin, C.-M.
name: Fröbel, J.
name: Kaufmann, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1060-1064
description: Solar energy has become increasingly economical, especially in recent years. Defects in solar systems can endanger this economic efficiency. In solar modules electric currents generated by electrical or light induced injection flow distributed over the module area. Each flowing current generates a magnetic field depending on the strength and direction of the electric current. Defects limiting the conversion efficiency of solar modules are changing the quite specific current distribution of a working solar module and hence also the magnetic field distribution. Therefore, by analyzing the magnetic field distribution one can trace back to electrical defects within the solar module. In this work, a novel approach to analyze the direction and strength of the electrical currents by analyzing the magnetic fields is shown by using a new sensor capable of measuring all three spatial directions (x, y and z). The magnetic field is recorded as a function of the position by stroking over the solar module. The method was applied to different electrical defects such as broken cross and inter connectors, defective junction boxes, cracks, solder flux variations and to investigate single solder joints. The influence of the lamination process and thermal cycling on broken connectors is analyzed.
CPT, CP, and C transformations of fermions, and their consequences, in theories with B-L violation
Creators: name: Gardner, Susan
name: Yan, Xinshuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the transformation properties of fermions under the discrete symmetries CPT, CP, and C in the presence of B-L violation. We thus generalize the analysis of the known properties of Majorana neutrinos, probed via neutrinoless double beta decay, to include the case of Dirac fermions with B-L violation, which can be probed via neutron-antineutron oscillations. We show that the resulting CPT phase has implications for the interplay of neutron-antineutron oscillations with external fields and sources and consider the differences in the Majorana dynamics of neutrinos and neutrons in the context of theories with self-conjugate isospin I=0 and I=1/2 fields.
description: 23 pages; refs. and acknowledgement added with minor changes; published version
Temporal-Logic-Based Reward Shaping for Continuing Reinforcement Learning Tasks
Creators: name: Jiang, Yuqian
name: Bharadwaj, Sudarshanan
name: Wu, Bo
name: Shah, Rishi
name: Topcu, Ufuk
name: Stone, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In continuing tasks, average-reward reinforcement learning may be a more appropriate problem formulation than the more common discounted reward formulation. As usual, learning an optimal policy in this setting typically requires a large amount of training experiences. Reward shaping is a common approach for incorporating domain knowledge into reinforcement learning in order to speed up convergence to an optimal policy. However, to the best of our knowledge, the theoretical properties of reward shaping have thus far only been established in the discounted setting. This paper presents the first reward shaping framework for average-reward learning and proves that, under standard assumptions, the optimal policy under the original reward function can be recovered. In order to avoid the need for manual construction of the shaping function, we introduce a method for utilizing domain knowledge expressed as a temporal logic formula. The formula is automatically translated to a shaping function that provides additional reward throughout the learning process. We evaluate the proposed method on three continuing tasks. In all cases, shaping speeds up the average-reward learning rate without any reduction in the performance of the learned policy compared to relevant baselines.
Student Wants, Needs, Preferences, and Engagement with Learning in Social Informal Learning Spaces on Higher Education Institution Campuses
Creators: name: Mcdonald, Damian
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Social Informal Learning Spaces, SILS, Social Learning Spaces, SLS, Informal Learning Spaces, ILS, Learning Spaces, Informal Learning, Technology Enhanced Learning, Pedagogy Space Technology Framework, PST Framework.

description: This PhD thesis uses mixed methods research methodologies to examine the
 wants, needs, and preferences of students with regards to Social Informal
 Learning Spaces, and the ways in which students engage with learning
 whilst studying within Social Informal Learning Spaces on UK Higher
 Education Institution campuses.

 The researcher combines observations with questionnaires and interviews to
 collect quantitative and qualitative data from students to build up a
 holistic picture of their use of Social Informal Learning Spaces to find
 out who uses Social Informal Learning Spaces, what student wants, needs
 and preferences are when choosing Social Informal Learning Spaces

 The study also examines why students choose to study in Social Informal
 Learning Spaces, where on campus they choose to study, where Social
 Informal Learning Spaces should be located, when students choose to study
 in Social Informal Learning Spaces, and how students engage with learning
 whilst studying within Social Informal Learning Spaces.

 This research suggests that students seek out conveniently located,
 comfortable, and naturally lit Social Informal Learning Spaces on campus
 where they can study before, between, or after formal learning sessions,
 where they are free to consume their own food and drink, and which provide
 access to multiple power outlets and wi-fi.

 Students prefer Social Informal Learning Spaces where they are relatively
 free from rules and supervision, utilising internet connected personal
 devices to engage with learning platforms and online resources either on
 their own, or with one or two friends, surrounded by like-minded
 individuals engaged in similar tasks, and where they are free to both
 study and engage in interactions with other students when they feel they
 wish to do so.

 The research proposes a hierarchy of students wants, needs and preferences
 with regards to Social Informal Learning Spaces, which will be useful to
 future researchers and Social Informal Learning Space designers.
Evaluation of Technology-Dependent Maximum Power Point Current and Voltage Degradation in a Temperate Climate
Creators: name: Lindig, S.
name: Ingenhoven, P.
name: Belluardo, G.
name: Moser, D.
name: Topic, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Photovoltaic Modules and BoS Components
PV Module Design, Manufacture, Performance and Reliability

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1081-1086
description: In this paper the maximum power point current and voltage degradation of eight different photovoltaic technologies (27 systems) installed in a temperate climate is studied. The plant was installed in 2010 and seven years of production are considered. A performance loss over time has been observed for all systems. Most systems show a stronger relative decrease in current compared to voltage. The connection between performance losses broken down into these two parameters can lead to findings of which degradation modes appear in the PV system. Depending on the predominant performance loss parameter, specific degradation modes were suspected and several PV plant inspections, including IV curve measurements and electroluminescence as well as infrared imagery, took place to confirm these hypotheses. Degradation in current was detected in all systems and can be connected to hot cells, fractured cells, soiling as well as other root causes. A decrease in voltage was not observed for crystalline systems but is severe for copper indium (gallium) selenide as well as amorphous silicon systems and is suspected to be caused by a reduction in the conductivity of the metal contacts and a decreasing ability of the photovoltaic active material to separate the charge carriers. The outcomes of this study might contribute to O&M related improvements of failure detection.
Decision by U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia di Washington | Case: Thaler vs US Copyright Office | 18 Aug 2023
Creators: name: U.S. District Court For The District Of Columbia Di Washington
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: artificial intelligence
intellectual property
copyright

description: Decision by U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia di Washington for the case "Thaler vs US Copyright Office" about intellectual property over a creation made by artificial intelligence (filed on18 August 2023)
An instability theorem for nonlinear fractional differential systems
Creators: name: Cong, N. D.
name: Doan, T. S.
name: Siegmund, S.
name: Tuan, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A30, 26A33

description: In this paper, we give a criterion on instability of an equilibrium of nonlinear Caputo fractional differential systems. More precisely, we prove that if the spectrum of the linearization has at least one eigenvalue in the sector $$\left\{λ\in\C\setminus\{0\}:|\arg{(λ)}|
description: 18 pages
Optimal Witnessing of Healthcare IoT Data Using Blockchain Logging Contract
Creators: name: Chinaei, Mohammad Hossein
name: Gharakheili, Hassan Habibi
name: Sivaraman, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Verification of data generated by wearable sensors is increasingly becoming of concern to health service providers and insurance companies. There is a need for a verification framework that various authorities can request a verification service for the local network data of a target IoT device. In this paper, we leverage blockchain as a distributed platform to realize an on-demand verification scheme. This allows authorities to automatically transact with connected devices for witnessing services. A public request is made for witness statements on the data of a target IoT that is transmitted on its local network, and subsequently, devices (in close vicinity of the target IoT) offer witnessing service. Our contributions are threefold: (1) We develop a system architecture based on blockchain and smart contract that enables authorities to dynamically avail a verification service for data of a subject device from a distributed set of witnesses which are willing to provide (in a privacy-preserving manner) their local wireless measurement in exchange of monetary return; (2) We then develop a method to optimally select witnesses in such a way that the verification error is minimized subject to monetary cost constraints; (3) Lastly, we evaluate the efficacy of our scheme using real Wi-Fi session traces collected from a five-storeyed building with more than thirty access points, representative of a hospital. According to the current pricing schedule of the Ethereum public blockchain, our scheme enables healthcare authorities to verify data transmitted from a typical wearable device with the verification error of the order 0.01% at cost of less than two dollars for one-hour witnessing service.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
Relativistic stars in Starobinsky gravity with the matched asymptotic expansions method
Creators: name: Arapoğlu, Savaş
name: Çıkıntoğlu, Sercan
name: Ekşi, K. Yavuz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure of relativistic stars in $\mathcal{R}+α\mathcal{R}^{2}$ theory using the method of matched asymptotic expansion to handle the higher order derivatives in field equations arising from the higher order curvature term. We find solutions, parametrized by $α$, for uniform density stars. We obtain the mass-radius relations and study the dependence of maximum mass on $α$. We find that $M_{\max}$ is almost linearly proportional to $α$. For each $α$ the maximum mass configuration has the biggest compactness parameter ($η= GM/Rc^2$), and we argue that the general relativistic stellar configuration corresponding to $α=0$ is the least compact among these.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, matches the published version in PRD
Arachnothera longirostris subsp. prillwitzi Hartert
Creators: name: Pachycephalidae
name: Aegithalidae
name: Remizidae
name: Paridae
name: Sittidae
name: Neosittidae
name: Certhiidae
name: Rhabdornithidae
name: Climacteridae
name: Dicaeidae
name: Pardalotidae
name: Nectariniidae, And
name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Nectariniidae
Arachnothera

description: Arachnothera longirostris prillwitzi Hartert Arachnothera longirostris prillwitzi Hartert, 1901c: 51 (Mount Gedeh, Java). Now Aracnothera longirostra prillwitzi Hartert, 1901. See Dickinson, 2003: 714, and Cheke and Mann, 2008a: 317. LECTOTYPE: AMNH 685331, adult female, collected on Mt. Gede (5 Gedeh), 3000 ft, 06.47S, 106.59E (Mees, 1996: 105), Java Island, Indonesia, on 10 July 1898, by Ernst Prillwitz (no. 14). From the Rothschild Collection. COMMENTS: In the original description, Hartert said that he had six specimens from Java; five of which came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection, all from Prillwitz. The sixth specimen may have been exchanged by Rothschild before the collection came to AMNH. Two additional specimens from Java were collected for Prillwitz in May 1901, after the February publication of the name. Hartert’s (1901c: 51) type was only said to be from Mt. Gede and from the Prillwitz Collection. Later, he (Hartert, 1920a: 427) listed as the type Prillwitz’s specimen no. 14, thereby designating as lectotype the specimen that is now AMNH 685331. The four paralectotypes in AMNH, all from Mt. Gede are: AMNH 685332, female, 10 July 1898 (Prillwitz no. 15); AMNH 685333, female, October 1897 – January 1898 (no. 41); AMNH 685334, female, October 1897 – January 1898 (no. 63); AMNH 685335, unsexed, April 1898 (no. 49).
description: Published as part of Pachycephalidae, Aegithalidae, Remizidae, Paridae, Sittidae, Neosittidae, Certhiidae, Rhabdornithidae, Climacteridae, Dicaeidae, Pardalotidae, Nectariniidae, And & Lecroy, Mary, 2010, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 8. Passeriformes:, pp. 1-178 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2010 (333) on page 151
description: {"references": ["Hartert, E. 1901 c. Some notes on Java birds. Novitates Zoologicae 8: 49 - 53.", "Dickinson, E. C. (editor). 2003. The Howard & Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world. 3 rd ed. London: Christopher Helm, 1039 pp.", "Cheke, R. A., and C. F. Mann. 2008 a. Family Nectariniidae (sunbirds). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. Christie (editors), Handbook of birds of the world, volume 13: 196 - 320. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 880 pp., 60 pls., 536 photographs.", "Mees, G. F. 1996. Geographical variation in birds of Java. Cambridge, MA: Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club no. 26, viii + 119 pp.", "Hartert, E. 1920 a. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection (contd.). Novitates Zoologicae 27: 425 - 505."]}