cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analysis of fluid transients in large distribution networks
Creators: name: Karney, Bryan William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: It is well known that the pressures generated during transient conditions should be an important consideration when pipeline systems are being designed or constructed. If the size and strength of the required pipe is to be rationally selected, if the surge suppression equipment is to be logically sized and if system operating rules are to be intelligently specified, reliable transient analysis is essential. The aim of this research has been to develop a general, efficient and reliable algorithm for computing the response of large distribution systems to rapid transient conditions. Although further refinement and verification work is still required, it is considered that this goal has been achieved. Significantly, the algorithm is general, since a wider class of networks can be analyzed than was previously possible. The program is also efficient, since the solution of many of the network boundary conditions is made explicit for the first time and because computer storage is conserved in the program implementation. Finally, the program is reliable, since a number of numerical experiments have proven its correctness. Specifically, the solution procedure for obtaining the transient response of large networks includes the following new features: a coupling of the steady and unsteady parts of the analysis avoids duplication and improves program efficiency; a general network and boundary condition classification system which permits networks with any reasonable topology to be analyzed; solution procedures for many common network boundary conditions are made explicit or put in a form which allows efficient numerical calculation; and, finally an automatic algorithm for selecting the time step and dividing the network pipes into an integer number of reaches. All of these elements combine to produce efficient and accurate transient analysis of large distribution systems. In summary, the developed algorithm allows comprehensive transient analysis of networks having arbitrary geometry to be performed. The networks may include any general combinations of hydraulic devices and no restriction is placed on either the number of boundary conditions or pipes that connect to a given node or the number of sections found in any pipe in the network. Procedures have been utilized which keep data requirements to a minimum despite the general nature of the problem being solved. Finally, the program has been carefully tested and compared with known solutions for simple pipelines with very good agreement being observed.
Possible Magnetic Structure with a Tilted Helical Plane in SmBe13 Probed by 9Be-NMR Study
Creators: name: Hidaka, Hiroyuki
name: Ihara, Yoshihiko
name: Yanagisawa, Tatsuya
name: Amitsuka, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 9Be-NMR measurements were performed using single crystalline SmBe13 in order to investigate a magnetic structure of a low-temperature ordering state microscopically. We observed a spectral broadening in the ordered state, and the broadened spectral shape depends on the magnetic field directions. By comparing the experimentally obtained and simulated NMR spectra for magnetic fields along the cubic [001] and [011] directions, we argue a helical structure with a basal plane tilted from the (001) plane in low-field ordering region under the assumption of a helical with a propagation vector of (0, 0, 1/3) found in other RBe13 compounds (R = rare earths). Such a tilted helical structure is explained by a combination of an ellipse helical in the (001) plane and a longitudinal magnetic density wave along the [001] direction. Considering a magnetic easy axis parallel to [001] revealed by the magnetization measurements, the peculiar helical structure in SmBe13 may be built on delicate balance among exchange interactions, dipole-dipole interaction, and single-ion magnetic anisotropy due to the crystalline electric field.
Invariants of the nilpotent and solvable triangular Lie algebras
Creators: name: Tremblay, Sébastien
name: Winternitz, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Invariants of the coadjoint representation of two classes of Lie algebras are calculated. The first class consists of the nilpotent Lie algebras $T(M)$, isomorphic to the algebras of upper triangular $M\times M$ matrices. The Lie algebra $T(M)$ is shown to have $[M/2]$ functionally independent invariants. They can all be chosen to be polynomials and they are presented explicitly. The second class consists of the solvable Lie algebras $L(M,f)$ with $T(M)$ as their nilradical and $f$ additional linearly nilindependent elements. Some general results on the invariants of $L(M,f)$ are given and the cases M=4 for all $f$ and $f=1$, or $f=M-1$ for all $M$ are treated in detail.
Spatiotemporal Texture Reconstruction for Dynamic Objects Using a Single RGB-D Camera
Creators: name: Kim, Hyomin
name: Kim, Jungeon
name: Nam, Hyeonseo
name: Park, Jaesik
name: Lee, Seungyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents an effective method for generating a spatiotemporal (time-varying) texture map for a dynamic object using a single RGB-D camera. The input of our framework is a 3D template model and an RGB-D image sequence. Since there are invisible areas of the object at a frame in a single-camera setup, textures of such areas need to be borrowed from other frames. We formulate the problem as an MRF optimization and define cost functions to reconstruct a plausible spatiotemporal texture for a dynamic object. Experimental results demonstrate that our spatiotemporal textures can reproduce the active appearances of captured objects better than approaches using a single texture map.
Stark units and main conjectures for totally real fields
Creators: name: Buyukboduk, Kazim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R23, 11R27, 11R42, 11R80 (Primary) 11F80, 11R34 (Secondary)

description: Main theorem of [Buyukboduk, arXiv:0706.0377v1] suggests that it should be possible to lift the Kolyvagin systems of Stark units constructed in [Buyukboduk, arXiv:math/0703426v1] to a Kolyvagin system over the cyclotomic Iwasawa algebra. This is what we prove in this paper. This construction gives the first example towards a more systematic study of Kolyvagin system theory over an Iwasawa algebra when the core Selmer rank is greater than one. As a result of this construction, we reduce the main conjectures of Iwasawa theory for totally real fields to a statement of local Iwasawa theory. This statement, however, turns out to be interesting in its own right as it suggests a relation between solutions to $p$-adic and complex Stark conjectures.
description: 33 pages
title: A passive acoustic drifter for radiated noise measurements of NOAA Fisheries survey vessels
Creators: name: Bassett, C.
name: De Robertis, A.
name: Gallagher, M.
Publisher: name: NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01h7fye62
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: NOAA technical memorandum NMFS-AFSC ; 490
description: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Fisheries Survey Vessel (FSV) fleet, beginning with the NOAA ship Oscar Dyson, was constructed to meet radiated noise recommendations for research vessels described by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (hereafter ICES recommendation, Mitson 1995). These recommendations apply over a broad frequency range to limit fish avoidance of vessels and reduce interference with active acoustic instrumentation commonly used in fisheries surveys.
Consistent boundary conditions for cosmological topologically massive gravity at the chiral point
Creators: name: Grumiller, Daniel
name: Johansson, Niklas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that cosmological topologically massive gravity at the chiral point allows not only Brown-Henneaux boundary conditions as consistent boundary conditions, but slightly more general ones which encompass the logarithmic primary found in 0805.2610 as well as all its descendants.
description: 6 pages, v4: included consequences of erratum 0910.1706 in (14), (16) and added new Refs, v5: corrected e-print number in Ref. [18] v6: Corrected, again, typos in Eqs. (10) and (11) that were removed in v3, but mysteriously reappeared in v4 and v5
Random Walks on Discrete Cylinders and Random Interlacements
Creators: name: Sznitman, Alain-Sol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60G50, 60K35, 82C41

description: We explore some of the connections between the local picture left by the trace of simple random walk on a discrete cylinder with base a d-dimensional torus, d at least 2, of side-length N running for times of order N^{2d} and the model of random interlacements recently introduced in arXiv:0704.2560. In particular we show that when the base becomes large, in the neighborhood of a point of the cylinder with a vertical component of order N^d, the complement of the set of points visited by the walk up to times of order N^{2d}, is close in distribution to the law of the vacant set of random interlacements at a level which is determined by an independent Brownian local time. The limit of the local pictures in the neighborhood of finitely many points is also derived.
description: 27 pages, accepted for publication in Probability Theory and Related Fields
Statistics of Partial Minima
Creators: name: Ben-Naim, E.
name: Hastings, M. B.
name: Izraelevitz, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by multi-objective optimization, we study extrema of a set of N points independently distributed inside the d-dimensional hypercube. A point in this set is k-dominated by another point when at least k of its coordinates are larger, and is a k-minimum if it is not k-dominated by any other point. We obtain statistical properties of these partial minima using exact probabilistic methods and heuristic scaling techniques. The average number of partial minima, A, decays algebraically with the total number of points, A ~ N^{-(d-k)/k}, when 1<=k
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Quantum and thermal fluctuations in a two-dimensional correlated band ferromagnet -- Goldstone-mode preserving investigation with self-energy and vertex corrections
Creators: name: Pandey, Sudhakar
name: Singh, Avinash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferromagnetism in the t-t' Hubbard model is investigated on a square lattice. Correlation effects in the form of self-energy and vertex corrections are systematically incorporated within a spin-rotationally-symmetric scheme which explicitly preserves the Goldstone mode and is therefore in accord with the Mermin-Wagner theorem. Interplay of band dispersion and correlation effects on ferromagnetic-state stability are highlighted with respect to both long- and short-wavelength fluctuations, which are shown to have substantially different behaviour. Our approach provides a novel understanding of the enhancement of ferromagnetism near van Hove filling for t'~0.5 in terms of strongly suppressed saddle-point contribution to the destabilizing exchange part of spin stiffness. Finite-temperature electron spin dynamics is investigated directly in terms of spectral-weight transfer across the Fermi energy due to electron-magnon coupling. Relevant in the context of recent magnetization measurements on ultrathin films, the role of strong thermal spin fluctuations in low dimensions is highlighted, in the anisotropy-stabilized ordered state, by determining the thermal decay of magnetization and T_c within a renormalized spin-fluctuation theory.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
A two-dimensional non-linear static and dynamic response analysis of soil structures
Creators: name: Siddharthan, Rajaratnam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A method of analysis in two-dimensions to predict static and dynamic response of soil structures, including soil-structure interaction has been presented herein. The static and dynamic analyses can be performed in either effective or total stress mode or a combination of both modes. Non-linear stress-strain behaviour of soil has been modelled by using an incrementally elastic approach in which tangent shear modulus and tangent bulk modulus were taken as the two "elastic" parameters. The material response in shear was assumed to be hyperbolic coupled with Masing behaviour during unloading and reloading. Responses to changes in mean normal stress was assumed to be non-linear, elastic and stress dependent. Slip or contact elements have been incorporated in the analysis to represent the interface characteristics between soil and structural elements. The properties of the slip elements were assumed to be elastic, perfectly plastic, with failure at the Interface given by the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. In the static analysis proposed here, gravity may be switched on at once for the completed soil structure or the construction sequence can be modelled by layer analysis. The stress-strain conditions determined by the static analysis give the in-situ stress condition before the dynamic analysis. In the dynamic effective stress analysis, the residual porewater pressures are calculated using a modification of the model proposed by Martin, et al. (1975). The parameters, G[sub max] and[sub max] are modified for the effects of residual porewater pressure. The dynamic response study includes the prediction of post earthquake deformations. The predictive capability of the new method of analysis has been verified by comparing the recorded porewater pressure and accelerations of two centrifuged models subjected to simulated earthquakes, to those computed by the new method. This method has also been used to compute response of an offshore drilling island supporting a tanker mounted drilling rig. Results suggest that the common practice of neglecting soil-structure interaction may not be appropriate for islands which support heavy tanker type of structures. At present one-dimensional methods are used for computing the response of these islands. Comparative studies are also reported to asses the validity of this procedure.
The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP). V. Radial and Rotational Velocities of T Dwarfs from Keck/NIRSPEC High-Resolution Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Hsu, Chih-Chun
name: Burgasser, Adam J.
name: Theissen, Christopher A.
name: Gelino, Christopher R.
name: Birky, Jessica L.
name: Diamant, Sharon J. M.
name: Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez
name: Aganze, Christian
name: Blake, Cullen H.
name: Faherty, Jacqueline K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report multi-epoch radial velocities, rotational velocities, and atmospheric parameters for 37 T-type brown dwarfs observed with Keck/NIRSPEC. Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo forward-modeling method, we achieve median precisions of 0.5 km s$^{-1}$ and 0.9 km s$^{-1}$ for radial and rotational velocities, respectively. All of the T dwarfs in our sample are thin disk brown dwarfs. We confirm previously reported moving group associations for four T dwarfs. However, the lack of spectral indicators of youth in two of these sources suggests that these are chance alignments. We confirm two previously un-resolved binary candidates, the T0+T4.5 2MASS J11061197+2754225 and the L7+T3.5 2MASS J21265916+7617440, with orbital periods of 4 yr and 12 yr, respectively. We find a kinematic age of 3.5$\pm$0.3 Gyr for local T dwarfs, consistent with nearby late-M dwarfs (4.1$\pm$0.3 Gyr). Removal of thick disk L dwarfs in the local ultracool dwarf sample gives a similar age for L dwarfs (4.2$\pm$0.3 Gyr), largely resolving the local L dwarf age anomaly. The kinematic ages of local late-M, L, and T dwarfs can be accurately reproduced with population simulations incorporating standard assumptions of the mass function, star formation rate, and brown dwarf evolutionary models. A kinematic dispersion break is found at the L4$-$L6 subtypes, likely reflecting the terminus of the stellar Main Sequence. We provide a compilation of precise radial velocities for 172 late-M, L, and T dwarfs within $\sim$20 pc of the Sun.
description: 84 pages, 33 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS
title: GOES-R and JPSS Proving Ground Demonstration at the Hazardous Weather Testbed 2024 Spring Experiment Final Evaluation
Creators: name: Thiel, Kevin
Publisher: name: NOAA Storm Prediction Center
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/0454wth52
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: This report summarizes the activities and results from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-Series (GOES-R) and Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Ground demonstration at the 2023 Spring Experiment, which took place in-person and virtually at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) in Norman, Oklahoma from 13 May to 7 June 2023.
Mathematical Structure of Quantum Decision Theory
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Sornette, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most complex systems is the human brain whose formalized functioning is characterized by decision theory. We present a "Quantum Decision Theory" of decision making, based on the mathematical theory of separable Hilbert spaces. This mathematical structure captures the effect of superposition of composite prospects, including many incorporated intentions, which allows us to explain a variety of interesting fallacies and anomalies that have been reported to particularize the decision making of real human beings. The theory describes entangled decision making, non-commutativity of subsequent decisions, and intention interference of composite prospects. We demonstrate how the violation of the Savage's sure-thing principle (disjunction effect) can be explained as a result of the interference of intentions, when making decisions under uncertainty. The conjunction fallacy is also explained by the presence of the interference terms. We demonstrate that all known anomalies and paradoxes, documented in the context of classical decision theory, are reducible to just a few mathematical archetypes, all of which finding straightforward explanations in the frame of the developed quantum approach.
description: 40 pages
Strafvollzug in Baden-Württemberg 2006
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strafvollzug , Baden-Württemberg
subject: 360

description: Strafgefangene und Sicherungsverwahrte in Baden-Württemberg 2006 – Ergebnisse der Strafvollzugsstatistik – Die seit 1961 bundeseinheitlich durchgeführte Strafvollzugsstatistik erfasst die Gefangenen und Verwahrten in den Justizvollzugsanstalten. Gefangenenbestand und Gefangenenbewegung (Zu- und Abgänge) werden dabei nach Art des Vollzugs nachgewiesen. Darüber hinaus werden zum 31. März eines jeden Jahres (Stichtagserhebung) kriminologische und demografische Strukturdaten der einsitzenden Strafgefangenen und Sicherungsverwahrten dargestellt.
MARS: Nano-Power Battery-free Wireless Interfaces for Touch, Swipe and Speech Input
Creators: name: Arora, Nivedita
name: Mirzazadeh, Ali
name: Moon, Injoo
name: Ramey, Charles
name: Zhao, Yuhui
name: Rodriguez, Daniela C.
name: Abowd, Gregory D.
name: Starner, Thad E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Augmenting everyday surfaces with interaction sensing capability that is maintenance-free, low-cost (about $1), and in an appropriate form factor is a challenge with current technologies. MARS (Multi-channel Ambiently-powered Realtime Sensing) enables battery-free sensing and wireless communication of touch, swipe, and speech interactions by combining a nanowatt programmable oscillator with frequency-shifted analog backscatter communication. A zero-threshold voltage field-effect transistor (FET) is used to create an oscillator with a low startup voltage (about 500 mV) and current (< 2uA), whose frequency can be affected through changes in inductance or capacitance from the user interactions. Multiple MARS systems can operate in the same environment by tuning each oscillator circuit to a different frequency range. The nanowatt power budget allows the system to be powered directly through ambient energy sources like photodiodes or thermoelectric generators. We differentiate MARS from previous systems based on power requirements, cost, and part count and explore different interaction and activity sensing scenarios suitable for indoor environments.
description: Video: https://youtu.be/CcCqZPBUenc Conference: The 34th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST 21)
Strafvollzug in Baden-Württemberg 2007
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strafvollzug , Baden-Württemberg
subject: 360

description: Strafgefangene und Sicherungsverwahrte in Baden-Württemberg 2007 – Ergebnisse der Strafvollzugsstatistik – Die seit 1961 bundeseinheitlich durchgeführte Strafvollzugsstatistik erfasst die Gefangenen und Verwahrten in den Justizvollzugsanstalten. Gefangenenbestand und Gefangenenbewegung (Zu- und Abgänge) werden dabei nach Art des Vollzugs nachgewiesen. Darüber hinaus werden zum 31. März eines jeden Jahres (Stichtagserhebung) kriminologische und demografische Strukturdaten der einsitzenden Strafgefangenen und Sicherungsverwahrten dargestellt.
A catalog of chromospherically active binary stars (third edition)
Creators: name: Eker, Z.
name: Ak, N. Filiz
name: Bilir, S.
name: Dogru, D.
name: Tuysuz, M.
name: Soydugan, E.
name: Bakis, H.
name: Ugras, B.
name: Soydugan, F.
name: Erdem, A.
name: Demircan, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chromospherically Active Binaries (CAB) catalogue have been revised and updated. With 203 new identifications, the number of CAB stars is increased to 409. Catalogue is available in electronic format where each system has various number of lines (sub-orders) with a unique order number. Columns contain data of limited number of selected cross references, comments to explain peculiarities and position of the binarity in case it belongs to a multiple system, classical identifications (RS CVn, BY Dra), brightness and colours, photometric and spectroscopic data, description of emission features (Ca II H&K, $H_α$, UV, IR), X-Ray luminosity, radio flux, physical quantities and orbital information, where each basic entry are referenced so users can go original sources.
description: 5 pages, including 2 figures and 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Strafvollzug in Baden-Württemberg 2013
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strafvollzug , Baden-Württemberg
subject: 360

description: Strafgefangene und Sicherungsverwahrte in Baden-Württemberg 2013 – Ergebnisse der Strafvollzugsstatistik – Die seit 1961 bundeseinheitlich durchgeführte Strafvollzugsstatistik erfasst die Gefangenen und Verwahrten in den Justizvollzugsanstalten. Gefangenenbestand und Gefangenenbewegung (Zu- und Abgänge) werden dabei nach Art des Vollzugs nachgewiesen. Darüber hinaus werden zum 31. März eines jeden Jahres (Stichtagserhebung) kriminologische und demografische Strukturdaten der einsitzenden Strafgefangenen und Sicherungsverwahrten dargestellt.
Strafvollzug in Baden-Württemberg 2015
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strafvollzug , Baden-Württemberg
subject: 360

description: Strafgefangene und Sicherungsverwahrte in Baden-Württemberg 2015 – Ergebnisse der Strafvollzugsstatistik – Die seit 1961 bundeseinheitlich durchgeführte Strafvollzugsstatistik erfasst die Gefangenen und Verwahrten in den Justizvollzugsanstalten. Gefangenenbestand und Gefangenenbewegung (Zu- und Abgänge) werden dabei nach Art des Vollzugs nachgewiesen. Darüber hinaus werden zum 31. März eines jeden Jahres (Stichtagserhebung) kriminologische und demografische Strukturdaten der einsitzenden Strafgefangenen und Sicherungsverwahrten dargestellt.
Can Chandra resolve the remaining cosmic X-ray background?
Creators: name: Hickox, Ryan C.
name: Markevitch, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The deepest extragalactic X-ray observation, the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field North (CDF-N), resolves ~80% of the total extragalactic cosmic X-ray background (CXB) in the 1-2 keV band. Recent work has shown that 70% of the remaining CXB flux is associated with sources detected by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). This paper uses the existing CDF-N data to constrain the X-ray flux distribution of these X-ray undetected HST sources, by comparing the number of 0.5-2 keV X-ray counts at the HST positions to those expected for model flux distributions. In the simple case where all the undetected HST X-ray sources have the same 0.5-2 keV flux, the data are best fit by 1.5-3 counts per source in 2 Ms, compared to a detection limit (at 10% completeness) of 9 counts. Assuming a more realistic power-law logN-logS distribution [N(>S) S^-alpha], the data favor a relatively steep flux distribution, with alpha=1.1^+0.5_-0.3 (limits are 99% confidence). This slope is very similar to that previously found for faint normal and starburst galaxies in the CDF-N. These results suggest deeper Chandra observations will detect a new population of faint X-ray sources, but extremely deep exposures are needed to resolve the remainder of the soft CXB. In the most optimistic scenario, when the HST sources have the flattest allowed flux distribution and all the sources without HST counterparts are detected, observations 5 times more sensitive than the existing ones would resolve at most ~60% of the remaining soft CXB.
description: 9 emulateapj pages, 8 figures, v3: matches version to appear in ApJ (note correction to approximation of Poisson errors)
Efficient tests for equivalence of hidden Markov processes and quantum random walks
Creators: name: Faigle, Ulrich
name: Schönhuth, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While two hidden Markov process (HMP) resp. quantum random walk (QRW) parametrizations can differ from one another, the stochastic processes arising from them can be equivalent. Here a polynomial-time algorithm is presented which can determine equivalence of two HMP parametrizations $\cM_1,\cM_2$ resp. two QRW parametrizations $\cQ_1,\cQ_2$ in time $O(|§|\max(N_1,N_2)^{4})$, where $N_1,N_2$ are the number of hidden states in $\cM_1,\cM_2$ resp. the dimension of the state spaces associated with $\cQ_1,\cQ_2$, and $§$ is the set of output symbols. Previously available algorithms for testing equivalence of HMPs were exponential in the number of hidden states. In case of QRWs, algorithms for testing equivalence had not yet been presented. The core subroutines of this algorithm can also be used to efficiently test hidden Markov processes and quantum random walks for ergodicity.
description: 16 pages, requires llncs.cls
Additional file 2 of SEAseq: a portable and cloud-based chromatin occupancy analysis suite
Creators: name: Adetunji, Modupeore O.
name: Abraham, Brian J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. SEAseq pipeline steps and parameters. Detailed description of SEAseq pipeline steps and parameters.
An experimental study of the small strain response of sand
Creators: name: Negussey, Dawit
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Fundamental behaviour of Ottawa sand, in the strain range of 1 x 10⁻² to 1 x 10⁻⁵, is investigated by direct measurement of deformations in a load controlled conventional triaxial system. Experiments are aimed at examining common concepts and previous experimental justifications for incremental elastic, elasto-plastic and particulate frameworks for characterizing sand behaviour. From fundamental interpretation of test data, an alternative stress-strain relationship is proposed for proportional loading with relative density represented as a separate parameter. Maximum Young's moduli evaluated from resonant column tests are found to be approximately equal to initial unloading moduli from conventional triaxial tests and initial moduli from virgin loading and subsequent reloadings are much less. Initial unloading moduli are relatively unaffected by the cycle of loading and deviator stress level from which unloading is initiated. The value of Young's modulus at a stress state Is not unique but depends on the stress path and strain history. Nonrecovered strain directions, at small strain, depend on stress direction as opposed to the generally accepted dependence on stress state at large strain. Proportional loading paths are uniquely related to linear strain increment directions and maintain parallel mean normal stress equipotentials in strain space. Energy density increments in two proportional loading paths having identical mean normal stress histories remain proportional. Parallel nonproportional loadings result in a unique strain increment direction, relatively independent of hydrostatic stress level, with linear stress ratio equipotentials in strain space. In small strain response, shear strains result mainly from shear stress increments and not from changes in stress ratio. Shear volume response is contractant for both an increasing and decreasing shear stress increment, whereas the sense of shear strain increment alternates with the sense of shear stress increment. When the sense of strain state is opposite to the sense of an applied stress increment, the resulting stress-strain response is softer than when both are of the same sense. Strain paths for compression side shear loading are identical to paths of extension side shear unloading and vice versa. More shear and volumetric strains develop on extension side shear loadings and the ratio of volumetric to shear strain is also higher as opposed to comparable compression side shear loadings. At higher stress ratio states, decreasing mean normal stress at constant shear and increasing stress ratio conditions; extension side volumetric strain responses are associated with contraction following initial swelling and prior to dilation. This contraction phase is not present on the compression side.
Υ(5S) decays into BB and BBπ
Creators: name: Simonov, Yu. A.
name: Veselov, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two- and three-body decays of $Υ(5S)$ into $BB, $$ BB^*, $ $ B^*B^*,$ $ B_sB_s, $ $B_sB_s^*, $ $B_s^* B_s^*$ and $BB^*π, B^*B^*π$ are evaluated using the theory, developed earlier for dipion bottomonium transitions. The theory contains only two parameters, vertex masses $M_{br}$ and $M_ω$, known from dipion spectra and width. Predicted values of $Γ_{tot}(5S)$ and six partial widths $Γ_k(5S), k=BB, BB^*,...$ are in agreement with experiment. The decay widths $Γ_{5S}(πBB^*)$ and $Γ_{5S}(πB^*B^*)$ are also calculated and found to be of the order of 10 keV.
description: 6 pages
Flexible-to-semiflexible chain crossover on the pressure-area isotherm of lipid bilayer
Creators: name: Krivonos, I. N.
name: Mukhin, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We found theoretically that competition between ~Kq^4 and ~Qq^2 terms in the Fourier transformed conformational energy of a single lipid chain, in combination with inter-chain entropic repulsion in the hydrophobic part of the lipid (bi)layer, may cause a crossover on the bilayer pressure-area isotherm P(A)~(A-A_0)^{-n}. The crossover manifests itself in the transition from n=5/3 to n=3. Our microscopic model represents a single lipid molecule as a worm-like chain with finite irreducible cross-section area A_0, flexural rigidity K and stretching modulus Q in a parabolic potential with self-consistent curvature B(A) formed by entropic interactions between hydrocarbon chains in the lipid layer. The crossover area per lipid A* obeys relation Q^2/(KB(A*))~1 . We predict a peculiar possibility to deduce effective elastic moduli K and Q of the individual hydrocarbon chain from the analysis of the isotherm possessing such crossover. Also calculated is crossover-related behavior of the area compressibility modulus K_a, equilibrium area per lipid A_t, and chain order parameter S.
description: 31 pages; 7 figures; submitted to JETP
Evidence Based Design e progettazione inclusiva. Quali prospettive?
Creators: name: Maltinti, Carla
Publisher: name: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete
Year: 2013
Subjects: edilizia scolastica; progettazione inclusiva; Evidence Based Design

description: L’attuale spinta verso l’inclusione coinvolge non solo i docenti e i dirigenti degli istituti scolatici, ma le autorità locali, i decisori politici e, non ultimi, i progettisti che sono chiamati a confrontarsi con gli standard di accessibilità e di sicurezza al fine di proteggere la salute e il benessere di tutti coloro che utilizzano ed abitano gli edifici scolastici. Le ricerche effettuate in questi anni, qui presentate, mostrano che l’ambiente fisico può influenzare in maniera diretta il rendimento scolastico e condizionare indirettamente gli atteggiamenti e il comportamento di allievi e insegnanti: il come fare un uso efficace di tutte le risorse disponibili, orientare nuove ricerche, consentire flessibilità e adattabilità alle mutevoli esigenze delle future generazioni è questione ancora aperta.
description: Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete, Vol 13, N° 3: Evidence Based Education, special needs e inclusione
Additional file 4 of SEAseq: a portable and cloud-based chromatin occupancy analysis suite
Creators: name: Adetunji, Modupeore O.
name: Abraham, Brian J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4. SEAseq inputs and outputs. Input files used for SEAseq analysis and detailed descriptions of the Output directories and files generated using SEAseq.
Additional file 5 of SEAseq: a portable and cloud-based chromatin occupancy analysis suite
Creators: name: Adetunji, Modupeore O.
name: Abraham, Brian J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5. Case study datasets. Case Study Datasets and Genome Files information.
Conditional Directed Graph Convolution for 3D Human Pose Estimation
Creators: name: Hu, Wenbo
name: Zhang, Changgong
name: Zhan, Fangneng
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Wong, Tien-Tsin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph convolutional networks have significantly improved 3D human pose estimation by representing the human skeleton as an undirected graph. However, this representation fails to reflect the articulated characteristic of human skeletons as the hierarchical orders among the joints are not explicitly presented. In this paper, we propose to represent the human skeleton as a directed graph with the joints as nodes and bones as edges that are directed from parent joints to child joints. By so doing, the directions of edges can explicitly reflect the hierarchical relationships among the nodes. Based on this representation, we further propose a spatial-temporal conditional directed graph convolution to leverage varying non-local dependence for different poses by conditioning the graph topology on input poses. Altogether, we form a U-shaped network, named U-shaped Conditional Directed Graph Convolutional Network, for 3D human pose estimation from monocular videos. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we conducted extensive experiments on two challenging large-scale benchmarks: Human3.6M and MPI-INF-3DHP. Both quantitative and qualitative results show that our method achieves top performance. Also, ablation studies show that directed graphs can better exploit the hierarchy of articulated human skeletons than undirected graphs, and the conditional connections can yield adaptive graph topologies for different poses.
A contribution to computer aided design evaluation of steel structures
Creators: name: Leung, Y. C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The engineer mostly uses in his work scientific knowledge, which is described in codified observations and abstractions from reality, and he may occasionally discover and research such knowledge. Other knowledge is largely uncodified, such as experimental patterns, e.g. technologies (physical procedures), and methodologies (mental procedures). These experimental patterns will become in future more and more accessible to the engineer, as they will be increasingly codified and scientifically described. One of the objectives of the reported research is to contribute towards this goal. In the first part of this thesis general considerations to the design and fabrication of steel structures are presented. Reasons for the decline of growth rates in Western industrialized countries are briefly discussed and the transition from Machine Age to Systems Age is being explained. A shift of emphasis in the engineering field is noted from the area of analysis to synthesis. The needs for more tools and computerized aids for the structural engineer for synthesis is pointed out. The main objective of this thesis is to develop an efficient and realistic method to evaluate a particular structural steel design by means of the fabrication and erection costs. The cost is broken down into cost of material and cost of labour. Emphasis is placed on the evaluation of the latter. For the time being, the cost of material is estimated based on the total weight of the structure and a current unit cost. Realizing that the estimation of the labour cost of a steelstructure based on weight is not satisfactory, the construction works are broken down into basic activities. The labour time required for each activity is summed and with the current labour rate, the cost of labour is obtained. The method which is proposed in this thesis is intended to be used either by the steel fabricator to evaluate a particular design, or by the engineering consultants to guide him to an economic solution. A structural data file containing the fabrication and erection details of the structure is setup and a program is written to calculate the fabrication/erection cost of the structure based on the information in this data file and the cost data base of the fabricator. Due to the variation in facilities and setup of the fabricators, each one will have his own cost data base. Changes in the design of a structure can be made by altering the structural data file and the fabrication/erection cost of the structure will be calculated automatically by the computer. This would allow interactive optimization of a design to be carried out in a short time which is often what a fabricator has in preparing a tender. The fabricator will then be able to propose alterations to the design of the structure with reduction of costs. Due to the time limitations, the portion of work on erection costs has not been completed.
An Unbiased CO Survey Toward the Northern Region of the Small Magellanic Cloud with the Atacama Compact Array. I. Overview: CO Cloud Distributions
Creators: name: Tokuda, Kazuki
name: Kondo, Hiroshi
name: Ohno, Takahiro
name: Konishi, Ayu
name: Sano, Hidetoshi
name: Tsuge, Kisetsu
name: Zahorecz, Sarolta
name: Goto, Nao
name: Neelamkodan, Naslim
name: Wong, Tony
name: Sewiło, Marta
name: Fukushima, Hajime
name: Takekoshi, Tatsuya
name: Muraoka, Kazuyuki
name: Kawamura, Akiko
name: Tachihara, Kengo
name: Fukui, Yasuo
name: Onishi, Toshikazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed the data from a large-scale CO survey toward the northern region of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) obtained with the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) stand-alone mode of ALMA. The primary aim of this study is to comprehensively understand the behavior of CO as an H$_2$ tracer in a low-metallicity environment ($Z\sim0.2~Z_{\odot}$). The total number of mosaic fields is $\sim$8000, which results in a field coverage of 0.26$~$degree$^{2}$ ($\sim$2.9 $\times$10$^{5}$$~$pc$^2$), corresponding to $\sim$10$\%$ area of the galaxy. The sensitive $\sim$2$~$pc resolution observations reveal the detailed structure of the molecular clouds previously detected in the single-dish NANTEN survey. We have detected a number of compact CO clouds within lower H$_2$ column density ($\sim$10$^{20}$$~$cm$^{-2}$) regions whose angular scale is similar to the ACA beam size. Most of the clouds in this survey also show peak brightness temperature as low as $
description: 20 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables (including appendix). Accepted for publication in ApJ
Jamming I: A volume function for jammed matter
Creators: name: Song, Chaoming
name: Wang, Ping
name: Jin, Yuliang
name: Makse, Hernan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a "Hamiltonian"-like function, called the volume function, indispensable to describe the ensemble of jammed matter such as granular materials and emulsions from a geometrical point of view. The volume function represents the available volume of each particle in the jammed systems. At the microscopic level, we show that the volume function is the Voronoi volume associated to each particle and in turn we provide an analytical formula for the Voronoi volume in terms of the contact network, valid for any dimension. We then develop a statistical theory for the probability distribution of the volumes in 3d to calculate an average volume function coarse-grained at a mesoscopic level. The salient result is the discovery of a mesoscopic volume function inversely proportional to the coordination number. Our analysis is the first step toward the calculation of macroscopic observables and equations of state using the statistical mechanics of jammed matter, when supplemented by the condition of mechanical equilibrium of jamming that properly defines jammed matter at the ensemble level.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
title: Pyrrole acetic acid derivatives in Lewis base catalyzed enantioselective formal [4+2] cycloadditions
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuyue
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2020

description: This thesis describes the use of C(1) ammonium enolate chemistry with Lewis base isothiourea catalysis in Michael addition-lactonization/lactamization between 2-pyrrolyl acetic acid derivatives and various Michael acceptors. Chapter 2 proved the principle that amino esters protected as benzophenone Schiff base could be α-functionalized using Lewis base catalysis. Chapter 3 described the use of 2-pyrrolyl acetic acid in enantioselective Michael addition-lactonization with CCl3 enone. After in situ ring-opening, a range of 30 diesters and diamides in up to 98% yield, >95:5 dr and >99:1 er. Further demonstration of the synthetic utility of these ring-opening derivatives was achieved with an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation utilizing the electron-rich nature of pyrrole to afforded dihydroindolizinone derivatives in up to 90% yield with no erosion in stereoselectivity. Chapter 4 described the use of either α,β-unsaturated trifluoromethyl ketones or α-keto-β,γ-unsaturated esters with 2-pyrrolyl acetic acid to synthesize tetrahydroindolizine derivatives in one-pot, with up to 98% yield, >95:5 dr and >99:1 er. Chapter 5 described the synthesis of dihydropyridinones from chalcone-derived N-Ts ketimine and unsaturated cyclic sulfonamide derived from saccharin in up to 97% yield, >95:5 dr and >99:1 er. Chapter 6 described the synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyridines using a variety of unsaturated ketimines bearing esters with DHPB catalyst in up to 66% yield. Further derivatization was demonstrated via transforming 2-pivaloyloxy group into 2-OTs group in a two-step process, enabling the Pd-catalyzed cross coupling and reduction.