cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Waveform analysis of human retinal and choroidal blood flow with laser Doppler holography
Creators: name: Puyo, Léo
name: Paques, Michel
name: Fink, Mathias
name: Sahel, José-Alain
name: Atlan, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser Doppler holography was introduced as a full-field imaging technique to measure blood flow in the retina and choroid with an as yet unrivaled temporal resolution. We here investigate separating the different contributions to the power Doppler signal in order to isolate the flow waveforms of vessels in the posterior pole of the human eye. Distinct flow behaviors are found in retinal arteries and veins with seemingly interrelated waveforms. We demonstrate a full field mapping of the local resistivity index, and the possibility to perform unambiguous identification of retinal arteries and veins on the basis of their systolodiastolic variations. Finally we investigate the arterial flow waveforms in the retina and choroid and find synchronous and similar waveforms, although with a lower pulsatility in choroidal vessels. This work demonstrates the potential held by laser Doppler holography to study ocular hemodynamics in healthy and diseased eyes.
Mock observations with the Millennium simulation: Cosmological downsizing and intermediate redshift observations
Creators: name: Stringer, M. J.
name: Benson, A. J.
name: Bundy, K.
name: Ellis, R. S.
name: Quetin, E. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Only by incorporating various forms of feedback can theories of galaxy formation reproduce the present-day luminosity function of galaxies. It has also been argued that such feedback processes might explain the counter-intuitive behaviour of "downsizing" witnessed since redshifts z=1-2. To examine this question, observations spanning 0.4 < z < 1.4 from the DEEP2/Palomar survey are compared with a suite of equivalent mock observations derived from the Millennium Simulation, populated with galaxies using the Galform code. Although the model successfully reproduces the observed total mass function and the general trend of downsizing, it fails to accurately reproduce the colour distribution and type-dependent mass functions at all redshifts probed. This failure is shared by other semi-analytical models which collectively appear to "over-quench" star formation in intermediate-mass systems. These mock lightcones are also a valuable tool for investigating the reliability of the observational results in terms of cosmic variance. Using variance estimates derived from the lightcones we confirm the significance of the decline since z=1 in the observed number density of massive blue galaxies which, we argue, provides the bulk of the associated growth in the red sequence. We also assess the limitations arising from cosmic variance in terms of our ability to observe mass-dependent growth since z=1.
description: 15 pages, 14 Figures
Cumulene carbenes in TMC-1: Astronomical discovery of $l$-H$_2$C$_5$
Creators: name: Cabezas, C.
name: Tercero, B.
name: Agúndez, M.
name: Marcelino, N.
name: Pardo, J. R.
name: de Vicente, P.
name: Cernicharo, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first detection in space of the cumulene carbon chain $l$-H$_2$C$_5$. A total of eleven rotational transitions, with $J_{up}$ = 7-10 and $K_a$ = 0 and 1, were detected in TMC-1 in the 31.0-50.4 GHz range using the Yebes 40m radio telescope. We derive a column density of (1.8$\pm$0.5)$\times$10$^{10}$ cm$^{-2}$. In addition, we report observations of other cumulene carbenes detected previously in TMC-1, to compare their abundances with the newly detected cumulene carbene chain. We find that $l$-H$_2$C$_5$ is $\sim$4.0 times less abundant than the larger cumulene carbene $l$-H$_2$C$_6$, while it is $\sim$300 and $\sim$500 times less abundant than the shorter chains $l$-H$_2$C$_3$ and $l$-H$_2$C$_4$. We discuss the most likely gas-phase chemical routes to these cumulenes in TMC-1 and stress that chemical kinetics studies able to distinguish between different isomers are needed to shed light on the chemistry of C$_n$H$_2$ isomers with $n$\,$>$\,3.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Additional file 1 of Evaluating implementation outcomes (acceptability, adoption, and feasibility) of two initiatives to improve the medication prior authorization process
Creators: name: Jones, Laney K.
name: Ladd, Ilene G.
name: Gregor, Christina
name: Evans, Michael A.
name: Graham, Jove
name: Gionfriddo, Michael R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Resource Letter BH-2: Black Holes
Creators: name: Gallo, Elena
name: Marolf, Don
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This resource letter is designed to guide students, educators, and researchers through (some of) the literature on black holes. Both the physics and astrophysics of black holes are discussed. Breadth has been emphasized over depth, and review articles over primary sources. We include resources ranging from non-technical discussions appropriate for broad audiences to technical reviews of current research. Topics addressed include classification of stationary solutions, perturbations and stability of black holes, numerical simulations, collisions, the production of gravity waves, black hole thermodynamics and Hawking radiation, quantum treatments of black holes, black holes in both higher and lower dimensions, and connections to nuclear and condensed matter physics. On the astronomical end, we also cover the physics of gas accretion onto black holes, relativistic jets, gravitationally red-shifted emission lines, evidence for stellar-mass black holes in binary systems and super-massive black holes at the centers of galaxies, the quest for intermediate mass black holes, the assembly and merging history of super-massive black holes through cosmic time, and their affects on the evolution of galaxies.
description: Accepted by the American Journal of Physics. References added
Magnetic-field assisted laser ablation of silicon
Creators: name: Schäfer, M.
name: Terekhin, P. N.
name: Kang, Y.
name: Torosyan, G.
name: Fargas, X. del Arco
name: Hirtle, S.
name: Rethfeld, B.
name: L'huillier, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding and manipulation of the laser processing quality during the ablation of solids have crucial importance from fundamental and industrial perspectives. Here we have studied the effect of external magnetic field on the micro-material processing of silicon by ultrashort laser pulses. It was found experimentally that such a field directed along the laser beam improves the quality and efficiency of the material removal. Additionally, we observe that the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) in a multi-pulse regime is affected by the external magnetic field. Our results open a route towards efficient and controllable ultrafast laser micromachining.
Coherent and incoherent metamaterials and the order-disorder transitions
Creators: name: Papasimakis, Nikitas
name: Fedotov, Vassili A.
name: Fu, Yuan Hsing
name: Tsai, Din Ping
name: Zheludev, Nikolay I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a new class of "coherent" metamaterials, where a regular ensemble of meta-molecules shows a collective, i.e. coherent, narrow band resonant response, while disordering the ensemble leads to broadening and eventually disappearance of the resonance. We draw parallels between the observed collective behavior of meta-molecules and the Mossbauer effect and notice certain remarkable similarities with the phase transitions of ferromagnetic systems.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Fluorosulfates of silver, ruthenium, and osium
Creators: name: Leung, Patrick Cheung Shing
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A number of synthetic routes to silver(II) fluorosulfate, Ag(SO₃F)₂, were systematically explored. The most suitable and versatile route was found to be the oxidation of silver metal by a solution of bisfluorosulfuryl peroxide, S₂0₆F₂, in fluorosulfuric acid, HSO₃F, according to: [chemical reaction] Additional methods which were found to be suitable involved the oxidation of a wide variety of silver(I) compounds such as Ag₂0 or AgSO₃F by S₂O₆F₂' or the insertion of S0₃ into AgF₂. Structural conclusions on Ag(S0₃F)₂ and the other compounds synthesized subsequently were based on the vibrational, electronic and electron spin resonance spectra, as well as on magnetic susceptibility measurements made between 300 and 77 K. Ag(S0₃F) ₂was found to be a true compound of divalent silver, with the Ag²⁺ ions in either square planar or tetragonally elongated octahedral environment. The only other example of a binary silver(II) compound is AgF₂. and characterized. The reactions of bromine(I) fluorosulfate with metallic silver and other silver(I) substrates resulted in a mixed valence complex Ag[sup I]Ag[sup II](SO₃F)₄ . Its potassium analogue K₂AgCSO₃F)₄, as well as two hexakisfluorosulfato- metallate (IV) complexes AgPt[sup= IV] (SO₃F)₆ , and AgSn[sup= IV] (SO₃F)₆, and the N-donor ligand complex [Ag(bipy)₂l (SO₃F)₂ (i-n which bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine) were also synthesized. The attempt to synthesize a silver(III) fluorosulfato complex by direct insertion of SO₃ into CsAgF₄ resulted in the fluorination of SO₃, to give S₂O₆F₂ and CsAg(SO₃F)₃. Finally, the solvolysi of Ag(SO₃F)₂ in trifluoromethylsulfuric acid, HSO₃CF₃, allowed its conversion into Ag(SO₃F₃). The principal synthetic route, the oxidation of metal by S₂O₆F₂ solutions in HSO₃F, was found to be useful in the preparation of Ru(SO₃F)₃. Ruthenium was also found to form a number of anionic derivatives with the metal in the +3 or +4 oxidation state, as in M[Ru(SO₃F)₄] with M = Cs⁺, ClO₂⁺ ; M₂[Ru(SO₃F)₆ with M = Cs⁺, K⁺; and Cs[Ru(SO₃F)₅]. Two different forms of Os(SO₃F)₃ were found. Initial oxidation of osmium metal with S₂O₆F₂ yielded the bright green a-Os(SO₃F)₃, which was converted to the light green β-form on long standing in S₂O₆F₂.
title: Material Depositing Mobile Robots for Application to Cementitious Additive Manufacturing
Creators: name: Burns, Alec
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2020

description: Productivity within the construction sector is stagnating, as the current techniques are time-consuming, labour intensive, and hence costly. A step-change in the processes used for construction is urgently needed. Robotics systems have the potential to revolutionise the current construction practices to allow far superior fabrication at a fraction of the cost and time. To address this, the work reported in this thesis was set out to investigate the applications of material depositing mobile robots for construction, resulting in the following developments. Firstly, a novel low-cost localisation system based on ultrasonic sensing and time of flight measurements was developed for the tracking of a mobile robot. The system was validated against a state-of-the-art Optitrack motion capture system. It was shown that the localisation system can cover a 4.3×3.1m arena with a mean localisation error of 1.57cm and an average standard deviation of 1.39cm throughout the arena. The second major contribution of this thesis was the development of two mobile cementitious deposition systems. The first was a 330ml syringe-based actuation system, coupled with a visual-servoing system that allowed controlled multi-layer depositions. An off-shoot of this system was that it could be re-tuned to detect contrast for crack and damage identification in the ground, allowing the robotic platform to remediate simulated damage. The second mobile deposition system was a 10L Archimedes screw-style pump system, which allowed high volume output (>5L/min), for much more substantial cementitious deposits. The third contribution was a proposed support material mechanism to allow a mobile system to increase its height, ensuring flexibility not currently available in mobile Additive Manufacturing (AM) systems. The novel Polyurethane (PU) Foam depositing system allowed expansion ratios of over 33× its constituent parts and final compressive strengths exceeding 2MPa, thus allowing a mobile platform to significantly increase its height. The system resulted in an optimised mix solution that, combined with the anti-blockage procedure, meant that the system could be used as an independent module to allow terrestrial systems to overcome significant obstacles reliably. The final contribution considered the fully integrated platform, which demonstrated capabilities I path following, accurate material deposition, altitude increase and finally ability to produce multi-layer cementitious deposits, thus proving the concept and the original research aim and laying the foundation for system scaling.
Cloud Motion and magnetic fields: Four clouds in the Cepheus Flare region
Creators: name: Sharma, Ekta
name: G., Maheswar
name: Dib, Sami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cepheus Flare region consists of a group of dark cloud complexes that are currently active in star formation. The aim of this work is to estimate the motion of four clouds, L1147/1158, L1172/1174, L1228 and L1251 located at relatively high Galactic latitude (b $\gt$ 14$^{\circ}$) in the Cepheus Flare region. We study the relationship between the motion of the cloud with respect to the magnetic field and the clump orientations with respect to both the magnetic field and the motion. We estimated the motion of the molecular clouds using the proper motion and the distance estimates of the young stellar objects (YSOs) associated with them using the Gaia EDR3 data. By assuming that the YSOs are associated with the clouds and share the same velocity, the projected direction of motion of the clouds are estimated. We estimated a distance of 371$\pm$22 pc for L1228 and 340$\pm$ 7 pc for L1251 implying that all four complexes are located at almost the same distance. Assuming that both the clouds and YSOs are kinematically coupled, we estimated the projected direction of motion of the clouds using the proper motions of the YSOs. All the clouds in motion are making an offset of $\sim$ 30$^{\circ}$ with respect to the ambient magnetic fields except in L1172/1174 where the offset is $\sim$ 45$^{\circ}$. In L1147/1158, the starless clumps are found to be oriented predominantly parallel to the magnetic fields while prestellar clumps show random distribution. In L1172/1174, L1228 and L1251,the clumps are oriented randomly with respect to magnetic field. With respect to the motion of the clouds, there is a marginal trend that the starless clumps are oriented more parallel in L1147/1158 and L1172/1174. In L1228, the clumps major axis are oriented more randomly. In L1251, we find a bimodal trend in case of starless clumps.
description: 13 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in A&A, Abstract has been shortened up due to word limit
Coherent control of nanomagnet dynamics via ultrafast spin torque pulses
Creators: name: Garzon, Samir
name: Ye, Longfei
name: Webb, Richard A.
name: Crawford, Thomas M.
name: Covington, Mark
name: Kaka, Shehzaad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetization orientation of a nanoscale ferromagnet can be manipulated using an electric current via the spin transfer effect. Time domain measurements of nanopillar devices at low temperatures have directly shown that magnetization dynamics and reversal occur coherently over a timescale of nanoseconds. By adjusting the shape of a spin torque waveform over a timescale comparable to the free precession period (100-400 ps), control of the magnetization dynamics in nanopillar devices should be possible. Here we report coherent control of the free layer magnetization in nanopillar devices using a pair of current pulses as narrow as 30 ps with adjustable amplitudes and delay. We show that the switching probability can be tuned over a broad range by timing the current pulses with the underlying free-precession orbits, and that the magnetization evolution remains coherent for more than 1 ns even at room temperature. Furthermore, we can selectively induce transitions along free-precession orbits and thereby manipulate the free magnetic moment motion. We expect this technique will be adopted for further elucidating the dynamics and dissipation processes in nanomagnets, and will provide an alternative for spin torque driven spintronic devices, such as resonantly pumping microwave oscillators, and ultimately, for efficient reversal of memory bits in magnetic random access memory (MRAM).
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Nature Physics
APOGEE: The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
Creators: name: Prieto, C. Allende
name: Majewski, S. R.
name: Schiavon, R.
name: Cunha, K.
name: Frinchaboy, P.
name: Holtzman, J.
name: Johnston, K.
name: Shetrone, M.
name: Skrutskie, M.
name: Smith, V.
name: Wilson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: APOGEE is a large-scale, NIR, high-resolution (R~20,000) spectroscopic survey of Galactic stars. It is one of the four experiments in SDSS-III. Because APOGEE will observe in the H band, it will be the first survey to pierce through Galactic dust and provide a vast, uniform database of chemical abundances and radial velocities for stars across all Galactic populations (bulge, disk, and halo). The survey will be conducted with a dedicated, 300-fiber, cryogenic, spectrograph that is being built at the University of Virginia, coupled to the ARC 2.5m telescope at Apache Point Observatory. APOGEE will use a significant fraction of the SDSS-III bright time during a three-year period to observe, at high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N>100), about 100,000 giant stars selected directly from 2MASS down to a typical flux limit of H<13. The main scientific objectives of APOGEE are: (1) measuring unbiased metallicity distributions and abundance patterns for the different Galactic stellar populations, (2) studying the processes of star formation, feedback, and chemical mixing in the Milky Way, (3) surveying the dynamics of the bulge and disk, placing constraints on the nature and influence of the Galactic bar and spiral arms, and (4) using extensive chemodynamical data, particularly in the inner Galaxy, to unravel its formation and evolution.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; proceedings of the conference on Galactic & Stellar Dynamics in Strasbourg 16-20 March 2008
The first spectroscopically confirmed brown dwarfs in NGC 2264
Creators: name: Pearson, Samuel
name: Scholz, Aleks
name: Teixeira, Paula S
name: Mužić, Koraljka
name: Almendros-Abad, Víctor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectroscopic follow-up observations of 68 red, faint candidates from our multi-epoch, multi-wavelength, previously published survey of NGC 2264. Using near-infrared spectra from VLT/KMOS, we measure spectral types and extinction for 32 young low-mass sources. We confirm 13 as brown dwarfs in NGC 2264, with spectral types between M6 and M8, corresponding to masses between 0.02 and 0.08$M_{\odot}$. These are the first spectroscopically confirmed brown dwarfs in this benchmark cluster. 19 more objects are found to be young M-type stars of NGC 2264 with masses of 0.08 to 0.3$\,M_{\odot}$. 7 of the confirmed brown dwarfs as well as 15 of the M-stars have IR excess caused by a disc. Comparing with isochrones, the typical age of the confirmed brown dwarfs is $
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 12 pages, 13 figures
PERIOPERATIVE HAND OFF: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
Creators: name: Roberson, Bernadette Brawner
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: The peri-operative arena is a complex environment where multiple tasks occur such as preparing patients for surgery, monitoring patients for complications, and ensuring patient safety during transition of care. This management process requires continuous communication between providers to promote safe and effective care. Studies suggest that a standardized process of communicating specific information and data may optimize patient care during transition (De Vries et al., 2010). A quality improvement (QI) project was conducted in an outpatient surgery setting. Its focus was to develop, implement, and evaluate a handoff tool that would serve as a checklist for the pre-operative and intra-operative nurses during transition of care. A 3-phase design was used. First, pre-data collection of errors was identified from occurrence reports. Second, a Pre-operative Checklist Tool (POCT) was developed and its content validity established. Third, the POCT was evaluated for reliability, effectiveness, compliance, and ease of use. Results reflected that 76% of nurses surveyed reported that the POCT contained appropriate safety components. Most participants (78%) believed that the POCT would improve communication. Prior to POCT use, 14 monthly occurrence reports revealed that 1 to 3 negative clinical events occurred monthly. During the 1-month pilot and four months afterwards, there were no reported negative clinical events. This QI project supported the benefits of using a standardized communication process during care perioperative transitions.
Additional file 1 of Sinoacutine inhibits inflammatory responses to attenuates acute lung injury by regulating NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways
Creators: name: Zhao, Yuancui
name: Cui, Lili
name: Yang, Xing Xin
name: Sun, Xingqian
name: Liu, Yunkuan
name: Yang, Zixian
name: Zhu, Liyuan
name: Peng, Chaorui
name: Li, Danye
name: Cai, Junfei
name: Ma, Yunshu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1.
Quantifying Predictive Uncertainty in Medical Image Analysis with Deep Kernel Learning
Creators: name: Wu, Zhiliang
name: Yang, Yinchong
name: Gu, Jindong
name: Tresp, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks are increasingly being used for the analysis of medical images. However, most works neglect the uncertainty in the model's prediction. We propose an uncertainty-aware deep kernel learning model which permits the estimation of the uncertainty in the prediction by a pipeline of a Convolutional Neural Network and a sparse Gaussian Process. Furthermore, we adapt different pre-training methods to investigate their impacts on the proposed model. We apply our approach to Bone Age Prediction and Lesion Localization. In most cases, the proposed model shows better performance compared to common architectures. More importantly, our model expresses systematically higher confidence in more accurate predictions and less confidence in less accurate ones. Our model can also be used to detect challenging and controversial test samples. Compared to related methods such as Monte-Carlo Dropout, our approach derives the uncertainty information in a purely analytical fashion and is thus computationally more efficient.
IRAS04325+2402C: A very low mass object with an edge-on disk
Creators: name: Scholz, Alexander
name: Jayawardhana, Ray
name: Wood, Kenneth
name: Lafreniere, David
name: Schreyer, Katharina
name: Doyon, Rene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IRAS04325+2402C is a low luminosity object located near a protostar in Taurus. We present new spatially-resolved mm observations, near-infrared spectroscopy, and Spitzer photometry that improve the constraints on the nature of this source. The object is clearly detected in our 1.3 mm interferometry map, allowing us to estimate the mass in a localized disk+envelope around it to be in the range of 0.001 to 0.01Ms. Thus IRAS04325C is unlikely to accrete significantly more mass. The near-infrared spectrum cannot be explained with an extincted photosphere alone, but is consistent with a 0.03-0.1Ms central source plus moderate veiling, seen in scattered light, confirming the edge-on nature of the disk. Based on K-band flux and spectral slope we conclude that a central object mass >~0.1Ms is unlikely. Our comparison of the full spectral energy distribution, including new Spitzer photometry, with radiative transfer models confirms the high inclination of the disk (>~80deg), the very low mass of the central source, and the small amount of circumstellar material. IRAS04325C is one of the lowest mass objects with a resolved edge-on disk known to date, possibly a young brown dwarf, and a likely wide companion to a more massive star. With these combined properties, it represents a unique case to study the formation and early evolution of very low mass objects.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Astrophysical Journal Letters, in press
Quantum nanofriction in trapped ion chains with a topological defect
Creators: name: Timm, L.
name: Rüffert, L. A.
name: Weimer, H.
name: Santos, L.
name: Mehlstäubler, T. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trapped ion systems constitute a well controllable scenario for the study and emulation of nanofriction, and in particular of Frenkel-Kontorova-like models. This is in particular the case when a topological defect is created in a zigzag ion Coulomb crystal, which results in an Aubry transition from free sliding to pinned phase as a function of the trap aspect ratio. We explore the quantum effects of the Aubry transition by means of an effective simplified model, in which the defect is treated like a single quantum particle that experiences an effective Peierls-Nabarro potential and a position-dependent mass. We demonstrate the relevance of quantum tunneling in a finite range of aspect ratios close the critical point, showing that the quantum effects may be observed in the kink dynamics for sufficiently low temperatures. Finally, we discuss the requirements to reveal quantum effects at the Aubry transition in future experiments on trapped ions.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Continuous-Time vs. Discrete-Time Vision-based SLAM: A Comparative Study
Creators: name: Cioffi, Giovanni
name: Cieslewski, Titus
name: Scaramuzza, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robotic practitioners generally approach the vision-based SLAM problem through discrete-time formulations. This has the advantage of a consolidated theory and very good understanding of success and failure cases. However, discrete-time SLAM needs tailored algorithms and simplifying assumptions when high-rate and/or asynchronous measurements, coming from different sensors, are present in the estimation process. Conversely, continuous-time SLAM, often overlooked by practitioners, does not suffer from these limitations. Indeed, it allows integrating new sensor data asynchronously without adding a new optimization variable for each new measurement. In this way, the integration of asynchronous or continuous high-rate streams of sensor data does not require tailored and highly-engineered algorithms, enabling the fusion of multiple sensor modalities in an intuitive fashion. On the down side, continuous time introduces a prior that could worsen the trajectory estimates in some unfavorable situations. In this work, we aim at systematically comparing the advantages and limitations of the two formulations in vision-based SLAM. To do so, we perform an extensive experimental analysis, varying robot type, speed of motion, and sensor modalities. Our experimental analysis suggests that, independently of the trajectory type, continuous-time SLAM is superior to its discrete counterpart whenever the sensors are not time-synchronized. In the context of this work, we developed, and open source, a modular and efficient software architecture containing state-of-the-art algorithms to solve the SLAM problem in discrete and continuous time.
description: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L), 2022
A Comprehensive Diagnosis And Treatment Application For Autism Spectrum Disorder
Creators: name: Bhansali, Rohan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80104 Computer Vision
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autism is among the most prevalent and concerning mental disorders, with approximately 1 in 54 children having been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Diagnosing autism at an early age is imperative for treating the disease as early as possible but is made difficult by the high degree of subjectivity in its diagnosis. A cloud-based application to diagnose, prevent, and treat autism is proposed. This application will be able to diagnose autism from eye movement patterns in new-born babies. Subsequently, the application will guide the child and their parents through treating the disorder while also providing daily lifestyle guidance.
Tied & Reduced RNN-T Decoder
Creators: name: Botros, Rami
name: Sainath, Tara N.
name: David, Robert
name: Guzman, Emmanuel
name: Li, Wei
name: He, Yanzhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Previous works on the Recurrent Neural Network-Transducer (RNN-T) models have shown that, under some conditions, it is possible to simplify its prediction network with little or no loss in recognition accuracy (arXiv:2003.07705 [eess.AS], [2], arXiv:2012.06749 [cs.CL]). This is done by limiting the context size of previous labels and/or using a simpler architecture for its layers instead of LSTMs. The benefits of such changes include reduction in model size, faster inference and power savings, which are all useful for on-device applications. In this work, we study ways to make the RNN-T decoder (prediction network + joint network) smaller and faster without degradation in recognition performance. Our prediction network performs a simple weighted averaging of the input embeddings, and shares its embedding matrix weights with the joint network's output layer (a.k.a. weight tying, commonly used in language modeling arXiv:1611.01462 [cs.LG]). This simple design, when used in conjunction with additional Edit-based Minimum Bayes Risk (EMBR) training, reduces the RNN-T Decoder from 23M parameters to just 2M, without affecting word-error rate (WER).
Quantum-enhanced interferometry by entanglement-assisted rejection of environmental noise
Creators: name: Davis, Alex O. C.
name: Sorelli, Giacomo
name: Thiel, Valerian
name: Smith, Brian J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sensing and measurement tasks in severely adverse conditions such as loss, noise and dephasing can be improved by illumination with quantum states of light. Previous results have shown a modest reduction in the number of measurements necessary to achieve a given precision. Here, we compare three illumination strategies for estimating the relative phase in a noisy, lossy interferometer. When including a common phase fluctuation in the noise processes, we show that using an entangled probe achieves an advantage in parameter estimation precision that scales with the number of entangled modes. This work provides a theoretical foundation for the use of highly multimode entangled states of light for practical measurement tasks in experimentally challenging conditions.
description: 2 figures 3 appendices
A survey of machine learning-based physics event generation
Creators: name: Alanazi, Yasir
name: Sato, N.
name: Ambrozewicz, Pawel
name: Blin, Astrid N. Hiller
name: Melnitchouk, W.
name: Battaglieri, Marco
name: Liu, Tianbo
name: Li, Yaohang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Event generators in high-energy nuclear and particle physics play an important role in facilitating studies of particle reactions. We survey the state-of-the-art of machine learning (ML) efforts at building physics event generators. We review ML generative models used in ML-based event generators and their specific challenges, and discuss various approaches of incorporating physics into the ML model designs to overcome these challenges. Finally, we explore some open questions related to super-resolution, fidelity, and extrapolation for physics event generation based on ML technology.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, paper accepted for publication in IJCAI2021
Chemical Abundances from the Continuum
Creators: name: Prieto, C. Allende
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The calculation of solar absolute fluxes in the near-UV is revisited, discussing in some detail recent updates in theoretical calculations of bound-free opacity from metals. Modest changes in the abundances of elements such as Mg and the iron-peak elements have a significant impact on the atmospheric structure, and therefore self-consistent calculations are necessary. With small adjustments to the solar photospheric composition, we are able to reproduce fairly well the observed solar fluxes between 200 and 270 nm, and between 300 and 420 nm, but find too much absorption in the 270-290 nm window. A comparison between our reference 1D model and a 3D time-dependent hydrodynamical simulation indicates that the continuum flux is only weakly sensitive to 3D effects, with corrections reaching <10% in the near-UV, and <2% in the optical.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the conference A Stellar Journey, a symposium in celebration of Bengt Gustafsson's 65th birthday, June 23-27, 2008, Uppsala
RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF VISCEROPTOSIS USING TRADITIONAL APPROACHES
Creators: name: Khusanov, S.M.
name: Botirov, A.K.
name: Mamajonova, D.M.
name: Botirov, J.A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Visceroptosis (Glenard’s syndrome, splanchnoptosis, enteroptosis) is a condition in which the intestinal loops are positioned below their normal anatomical location. This disorder develops due to the prolapse of internal organs caused by weakness of the reticuloendothelial system, rapid weight loss, and abdominal wall stretching [2].
Additional file 1 of Behaviours that prompt primary school teachers to adopt and implement physically active learning: a meta synthesis of qualitative evidence
Creators: name: Daly-Smith, Andrew
name: Morris, Jade L.
name: Norris, Emma
name: Williams, Toni L.
name: Archbold, Victoria
name: Kallio, Jouni
name: Tammelin, Tuija H.
name: Singh, Amika
name: Mota, Jorge
name: von Seelen, Jesper
name: Pesce, Caterina
name: Salmon, Jo
name: McKay, Heather
name: Bartholomew, John
name: Resaland, Geir Kare
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Evidence of Klein tunneling in graphene p-n junctions
Creators: name: Stander, N.
name: Huard, B.
name: Goldhaber-Gordon, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport through potential barriers in graphene is investigated using a set of metallic gates capacitively coupled to graphene to modulate the potential landscape. When a gate-induced potential step is steep enough, disorder becomes less important and the resistance across the step is in quantitative agreement with predictions of Klein tunneling of Dirac fermions up to a small correction. We also perform magnetoresistance measurements at low magnetic fields and compare them to recent predictions.
description: Major changes made: 1) Taking into account properly the contribution of the resistance of monopolar junctions to the odd part of the resistance. To better present the results we use a fitting parameter for the amplitude of screening in graphene. 2) Wrong data for the diffusive model in figures 3, 9 and 10 was plotted in former version. 3) Figure 5 moved to EPAPS
Revealing the properties of dark matter in the merging cluster MACSJ0025.4-1222
Creators: name: Bradač, Maruša
name: Allen, Steven W.
name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Ebeling, Harald
name: Massey, Richard
name: Morris, R. Glenn
name: von der Linden, Anja
name: Applegate, Douglas
name: ;
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constrain the physical nature of dark matter using the newly identified massive merging galaxy cluster MACSJ0025.4-1222. As was previously shown by the example of the Bullet Cluster (1E0657-56), such systems are ideal laboratories for detecting isolated dark matter, and distinguishing between cold dark matter (CDM) and other scenarios (e.g. self-interacting dark matter, alternative gravity theories). MACSJ0025.4-1222 consists of two merging subclusters of similar richness at z=0.586. We measure the distribution of X-ray emitting gas from Chandra X-ray data and find it to be clearly displaced from the distribution of galaxies. A strong (information from highly distorted arcs) and weak (using weakly distorted background galaxies) gravitational lensing analysis based on Hubble Space Telescope observations and Keck arc spectroscopy confirms that the subclusters have near-equal mass. The total mass distribution in each of the subclusters is clearly offset (at >4sigma significance) from the peak of the hot X-ray emitting gas (the main baryonic component), but aligned with the distribution of galaxies. We measure the fractions of mass in hot gas (0.09^{+0.07}_{-0.03}) and stars (0.010^{+0.007}_{-0.004}), consistent with those of typical clusters, finding that dark matter is the dominant contributor to the gravitational field. Under the assumption that the subclusters experienced a head-on collision in the plane of the sky, we obtain an order-of-magnitude estimate of the dark matter self-interaction cross-section of sigma/m < 4cm^2/g, re-affirming the results from the Bullet Cluster on the collisionless nature of dark matter.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ, no revision
title: Cyclic degradation of Co49Ni21Ga30 high-temperature shape memory alloy - On the roles of dislocation activity and chemical order
Creators: name: Krooß, Philipp
name: Kadletz, Peter M.
name: Somsen, Christoph
name: Gutmann, Matthias Josef
name: Chumlyakov, Yuriy I.
name: Schmahl, Wolfgang Wilhelm
name: Maier, Hans Jürgen
name: Niendorf, Thomas
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: shape memory alloy (SMA)
subject: martensitic phase transformation
subject: functional degradation
subject: martensite stabilization
subject: superelasticity
subject: 620
subject: 660
subject: Memory-Legierung
subject: Hochtemperaturverhalten
subject: Martensitumwandlung
subject: Degradation
subject: Pseudoelastizität

description: This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections.
Hyperspectral Band Selection for Multispectral Image Classification with Convolutional Networks
Creators: name: Morales, Giorgio
name: Sheppard, John
name: Logan, Riley
name: Shaw, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) has become a powerful source for reliable data in applications such as remote sensing, agriculture, and biomedicine. However, hyperspectral images are highly data-dense and often benefit from methods to reduce the number of spectral bands while retaining the most useful information for a specific application. We propose a novel band selection method to select a reduced set of wavelengths, obtained from an HSI system in the context of image classification. Our approach consists of two main steps: the first utilizes a filter-based approach to find relevant spectral bands based on a collinearity analysis between a band and its neighbors. This analysis helps to remove redundant bands and dramatically reduces the search space. The second step applies a wrapper-based approach to select bands from the reduced set based on their information entropy values, and trains a compact Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to evaluate the performance of the current selection. We present classification results obtained from our method and compare them to other feature selection methods on two hyperspectral image datasets. Additionally, we use the original hyperspectral data cube to simulate the process of using actual filters in a multispectral imager. We show that our method produces more suitable results for a multispectral sensor design.
description: Accepted to appear in the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 2021
Muon decay in a laser field
Creators: name: Dicus, Duane A.
name: Farzinnia, Arsham
name: Repko, Wayne W.
name: Tinsley, Todd M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the change in the decay rate of a muon caused by embedding it in the field of a laser. A previous paper found that the change could be large, as much as an order of magnitude. We find the more intuitive result that the change is small and give analytic expressions for the small corrections.
description: 7 pages, LaTeX v2: modified introduction, typos corrected
Additional file 1 of Change in exposure of children to second-hand smoke with impact on children’s health and change in parental smoking habits after smoking ban in Bavaria – a multiple cross-sectional study
Creators: name: El Sharkawy, Mohammed
name: Heinze, Stefanie
name: Hendrowarsito, Lana
name: Weinberger, Alisa
name: Huß, Jonas
name: Nennstiel, Uta
name: Herr, Caroline
name: Kutzora, Susanne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
title: Adoption and Efficacy of Tiered Water Pricing: Evidence From Utah
Creators: name: Craig, Savanna
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2024

description: Drought conditions and a rising population in Utah have created significant demand for urban water conservation. Senate Bill 28 (SB28) passed in 2016 by the Utah State Legislature reflects an effort put forth by the state to address urban culinary water consumption by requiring an increasing block rate pricing structure for retail culinary water providers in Utah. Recent and historical literature suggest that tiered water prices, though potentially more effective than non-price tools, need to be aggressive to achieve conservation. In this paper, I aim to understand the adoption of tiered pricing in Utah, it’s role in conserving water, and whether adoption of tiered pricing influences urban water consumption. I use econometric tools to observe the change in residential water consumption before and after a municipality adopts a tiered water pricing structure. My results suggest that adoption of tiered pricing has little to no effect on residential culinary water consumption and I consequently make recommendations for policy improvements.
A magnetic accretion disk-outflow model for changing look active galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Feng, Junjie
name: Cao, Xinwu
name: Li, Jia-wen
name: Gu, Wei-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time-scales of the variabilities in changing look (CL) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are usually at the order of years to tens of years (some of them are even shorter than one year), which are much shorter than the viscous timescale of a standard thin accretion disk. It implies that the variabilities of CL AGNs cannot be reproduced by varying the mass accretion rate of the thin disk. In this work, we employ a magnetic accretion disk-outflow model to calculate the inflow time of the disk predominantly driven by magnetic outflows. In this model, most angular momentum of the gas in the disk is carried away by the outflows, and therefore its radial velocity can be substantially higher than that of a conventional viscous disk. Our calculations show that the inflow time of such a disk with outflows can be around several years to tens years. The calculated spectra of the disk with outflows can fit the observed spectra of a CL AGN Mrk 1018 quite well both in the low and high states. The derived inflow time of such a disk with outflows is around 5 years in the high state, while it becomes $\sim 20$ years in the low state, which is roughly consistent with the observations of the variabilities in Mrk 1018.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 2 of Behaviours that prompt primary school teachers to adopt and implement physically active learning: a meta synthesis of qualitative evidence
Creators: name: Daly-Smith, Andrew
name: Morris, Jade L.
name: Norris, Emma
name: Williams, Toni L.
name: Archbold, Victoria
name: Kallio, Jouni
name: Tammelin, Tuija H.
name: Singh, Amika
name: Mota, Jorge
name: von Seelen, Jesper
name: Pesce, Caterina
name: Salmon, Jo
name: McKay, Heather
name: Bartholomew, John
name: Resaland, Geir Kare
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.