cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Cumulative Depression Along the HIV Care Continuum in Women Living with HIV during the Era of Universal Antiretroviral Treatment
Creators: name: Adedimeji, A
name: Pence, B.W.
name: Neigh, G.
name: Kassaye, S.
name: Cohen, M.H.
name: Kempf, M.-C.
name: Edmonds, A.
name: Mills, J.C.
name: Schwartz, R.M.
name: Adimora, A.A.
name: Cocohoba, J.
name: Fischl, M.A.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2019

description: Background: Data are limited on cumulative impacts of depression on engagement in care and HIV outcomes in women living with HIV (WLWH) during the era of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART). Understanding the relationship of accumulated depression with HIV disease management may help identify benefits of interventions to reduce severity and duration of depressive episodes. Setting: A cohort of WLWH (N = 1491) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study at 9 sites across the US.Methods:This longitudinal observational cohort study (2013-2017) followed WLWH for a maximum of 9 semiannual visits. Depression was quantified as a time-updated measure of percent of days depressed (PDD) created from repeated assessments using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Marginal structural Poisson regression models were used to estimate the effects of PDD on the risks of missing an HIV care appointment, <95% ART adherence, and virological failure (≥200 copies/mL). Results: The risk of missing an HIV care appointment [risk ratio (RR) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval = 0.93 to 1.45; risk difference (RD) = 0.01, -0.01 to 0.03], being <95% ART adherent (RR = 1.27, 1.06-1.52; RD = 0.04, -0.01 to 0.07), and virological failure (RR = 1.09, 1.01-1.18; RD = 0.01, -0.01 to 0.03) increased monotonically with increasing PDD (comparing those with 25 to those with 0 PDD). The total effect of PDD on virological failure was fully (%100) mediated by being <95% ART adherent. Conclusions: Time spent depressed increases the risk of virological failure through ART adherence, even in the era of universal ART regimes forgiving of imperfect adherence.
Timing of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation is not associated with stillbirth among HIV-infected pregnant women in Malawi
Creators: name: Davies, M.-A.
name: Manjomo, R.
name: Estill, J.
name: Msukwa, M.T.
name: Keiser, O.
name: Phiri, N.
name: Edmonds, A.
name: Jahn, A.
name: van Oosterhout, J.J.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2019

description: Objective: To assess the association between timing of maternal combination ART (cART) initiation and stillbirth among HIV-infected pregnant women in Malawi's Option B+ programme. Methods: Cohort study of HIV-infected pregnant women delivering singleton live or stillborn babies at ≥28 weeks of gestation using routine data from maternity registers between 1 January 2012 and 30 June 2015. We defined stillbirth as death of a foetus at ≥28 weeks of gestation. We report proportions of stillbirth according to timing of maternal cART initiation (before pregnancy, 1st or 2nd trimester, or 3rd trimester or labour). We used logistic regression, with robust standard errors to account for clustering of women within health facilities, to investigate the association between timing of cART initiation and stillbirth. Results: Of 10 558 mother–infant pairs abstracted from registers, 8380 (79.4%) met inclusion criteria. The overall rate of stillbirth was 25 per 1000 deliveries (95% confidence interval 22–29). We found no significant association between timing of maternal cART initiation and stillbirth. In multivariable models, older maternal age, male sex of the infant, breech vaginal delivery, delivery at < 34 weeks of gestation and experience of any maternal obstetric complication were associated with higher odds of stillbirth. Deliveries managed by a mission hospital or health centre were associated with lower odds of stillbirth. Conclusion: Pregnant women's exposure to cART, regardless of time of its initiation, was not associated with increased odds of stillbirth.
Satirical Deepfakes, Surreal Dreamscapes & Nostalgic Pixels: The Rapid Evolution and Cultural Commentary of AI-Aesthetics
Creators: name: Andrew Smith
name: James Hutson*
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: AI aesthetics, surrealism, nostalgia, digital media, creative ownership.

description: Abstract: The rapid evolution of visual aesthetics driven by AI, shared globally through the internet and social media, has dramatically accelerated what once took centuries to develop. This article explores the unique visual tropes emerging from AI-generated content, characterized by surreal, uncanny, and often unsettling imagery. Examples range from the Dor Brothers' stylized narrative videos to horrifying depictions of transformations, such as people morphing into motorcycles. The article contextualizes this aesthetic within historical developments in creative experimentation, drawing parallels with David Bowie's unconventional approach to sound creation in the 1970s. It also considers how AI-driven art, free from copyright constraints in places like China, is expanding creative possibilities, challenging conventional media, and even fueling new forms of nostalgia. The mainstream adoption of AI aesthetics in pop culture, as seen in Kendrick Lamar’s AI-generated music samples and the unsettling visual style of Secret Invasion, is contrasted with the deeper implications of AI as both a tool and a creative collaborator. With AI-generated content transitioning from raw, uncanny outputs to more refined, nostalgic forms, this article argues that AI aesthetics will continue to shape how we define creativity and artistic ownership, reflecting broader societal anxieties and shifting cultural norms.
title: 250-year records of mercury and trace element deposition in two lakes from Cajas National Park, SW Ecuadorian Andes
Creators: name: Schneider, Tobias
name: Musa Bandowe, Benjamin A.
name: Bigalke, Moritz
name: Mestrot, Adrien
name: Hampel, Henrietta
name: Mosquera, Pablo V.
name: Fränkl, Lea
name: Wienhues, Giulia
name: Vogel, Hendrik
name: Tylmann, Wojciech
name: Grosjean, Martin
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2022

description: Historical records of trace elements in lake sediments provide source-to-sink information about potentially toxic pollutants across space and time. We investigated two lakes located at different elevations in the Ecuadorian Andes to understand how trace element fluxes are related to (i) geology, (ii) erosion in the watersheds, and (iii) local point sources and atmospheric loads. In remote Lake Fondococha (4150 m a.s.l.), total Hg fluxes stay constant between ca. 1760 and 1950 and show an approximately 4.4-fold increase between pre-1950 and post-1950 values. The post-1950 increase in fluxes of other trace elements (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) is lower (2.1–3.0-fold) than for Hg. Mostly lithogenic sources and enhanced soil erosion contribute to their post-1950 increase (lithogenic contribution: > 85%, Hg: ~ 58%). Average post-1950 Hg fluxes are approximately 4.3 times higher in peri-urban Lake Llaviucu (3150 m a.s.l.) than in the remote Lake Fondococha. Post-1950 fluxes of the other trace elements showed larger differences between Lakes Fondococha and Llaviucu (5.2 < 25– 29.5-fold increase; Ni < Pb–Cd). The comparison of the post-1950 average trace element fluxes that are derived from point and airborne sources revealed 5–687 (Hg–Pb) times higher values in Lake Llaviucu than in Lake Fondococha suggesting that Lake Llaviucu’s proximity to the city of Cuenca strongly influences its deposition record (industrial emissions, traffic, caged fishery). Both lakes responded with temporary drops in trace element accumulations to park regulations in the 1970s and 1990s, but show again increasing trends in recent times, most likely caused by increase in vehicular traffic and openings of copper and gold mines around Cajas National Park.
A census of tetrahedral hyperbolic manifolds
Creators: name: Fominykh, Evgeny
name: Garoufalidis, Stavros
name: Goerner, Matthias
name: Tarkaev, Vladimir
name: Vesnin, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 57N10, Secondary 57M25

description: We call a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold tetrahedral if it can be decomposed into regular ideal tetrahedra. Following an earlier publication by three of the authors, we give a census of all tetrahedral manifolds and all of their combinatorial tetrahedral tessellations with at most 25 (orientable case) and 21 (non-orientable case) tetrahedra. Our isometry classification uses certified canonical cell decompositions (based on work by Dunfield, Hoffman, Licata) and isomorphism signatures (an improvement of dehydration sequences by Burton). The tetrahedral census comes in Regina as well as SnapPy format, and we illustrate its features.
description: 26 pages, 5 Figures, 2 Tables; version 2 addresses referee's comments, in particular a rewrite of section 5
Discrimination, Medical Distrust, Stigma, Depressive Symptoms, Antiretroviral Medication Adherence, Engagement in Care, and Quality of Life among Women Living with HIV in North Carolina: A Mediated Structural Equation Model
Creators: name: Pan, W.
name: Ramirez, C.
name: Edmonds, A.
name: Amarasekara, S.
name: Adimora, A.A.
name: Relf, M.V.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2019

description: Background:Women represent 23% of all Americans living with HIV. By 2020, more than 70% of Americans living with HIV are expected to be 50 years and older.Setting:This study was conducted in the Southern United States - a geographic region with the highest number of new HIV infections and deaths.Objective:To explore the moderating effect of age on everyday discrimination (EVD); group-based medical (GBM) distrust; enacted, anticipated, internalized HIV stigma; depressive symptoms; HIV disclosure; engagement in care; antiretroviral medication adherence quality of life (QOL) among women living with HIV.Methods:We used multigroup structural equation modeling to analyze baseline data from 123 participants enrolled at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study during October 2013-May 2015.Results:Although age did not moderate the pathways hypothesized, age had a direct effect on internalized stigma and QOL. EVD had a direct effect on anticipated stigma and depressive symptoms. GBM distrust had a direct effect on depressive symptoms and a mediated effect through internalized stigma. Internalized stigma was the only form of stigma directly related to disclosure. Depressive symptoms were a significant mediator between GBM, EVD, and internalized stigma reducing antiretroviral therapy medication adherence, engagement in care, and QOL.Conclusions:EVD, GBM, and internalized stigma adversely affect depressive symptoms, antiretroviral therapy medication adherence, and engagement in care, which collectively influence the QOL of women living with HIV.
A Galois Connection for Weighted (Relational) Clones of Infinite Size
Creators: name: Fulla, Peter
name: Zivny, Stanislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.0

description: A Galois connection between clones and relational clones on a fixed finite domain is one of the cornerstones of the so-called algebraic approach to the computational complexity of non-uniform Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs). Cohen et al. established a Galois connection between finitely-generated weighted clones and finitely-generated weighted relational clones [SICOMP'13], and asked whether this connection holds in general. We answer this question in the affirmative for weighted (relational) clones with real weights and show that the complexity of the corresponding valued CSPs is preserved.
Additional file 2 of Newspaper framing of food and beverage corporations’ sponsorship of sport: a content analysis
Creators: name: Carters-White, L. E.
name: Patterson, C.
name: Nimegeer, A.
name: Hilton, S.
name: Chambers, S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Qualitative Coding Framework.
StarSRGAN: Improving Real-World Blind Super-Resolution
Creators: name: Vo, Khoa D.
name: Bui, Len T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The aim of blind super-resolution (SR) in computer vision is to improve the resolution of an image without prior knowledge of the degradation process that caused the image to be low-resolution. The State of the Art (SOTA) model Real-ESRGAN has advanced perceptual loss and produced visually compelling outcomes using more complex degradation models to simulate real-world degradations. However, there is still room to improve the super-resolved quality of Real-ESRGAN by implementing recent techniques. This research paper introduces StarSRGAN, a novel GAN model designed for blind super-resolution tasks that utilize 5 various architectures. Our model provides new SOTA performance with roughly 10% better on the MANIQA and AHIQ measures, as demonstrated by experimental comparisons with Real-ESRGAN. In addition, as a compact version, StarSRGAN Lite provides approximately 7.5 times faster reconstruction speed (real-time upsampling from 540p to 4K) but can still keep nearly 90% of image quality, thereby facilitating the development of a real-time SR experience for future research. Our codes are released at https://github.com/kynthesis/StarSRGAN.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted for oral presentation at WSCG 2023
Vertical dipole above a dielectric or metallic half-space - energy flow considerations
Creators: name: Berman, P. R.
name: Zandbergen, S.
name: Khitrova, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emission pattern from a classical dipole located above and oriented perpendicular to a metallic or dielectric half space is calculated for a dipole driven at constant amplitude. This is a problem considered originally by Sommerfeld and analyzed subsequently by numerous authors. In contrast to most previous treatments, however, we focus on the energy flow in the metal or dielectric. It is shown that the radial Poynting vector in the metal points inwards when the frequency of the dipole is below the surface plasmon resonance frequency. In this case, energy actually flows of the interface at small radii. The Joule heating in the metal is also calculated and it is shown explicitly that Poynting's theorem holds for a cylindrical surface in the metal. When the metal is replaced by a dielectric having permittivity less than that of the medium in which the dipole is immersed, it is found that energy flows out of the interface for sufficiently large radii. In all cases it is assumed that the imaginary part of the permittivity of the metal or dielectric is much less than unity.
description: 33 pages, 14 figures
Single top quark production in heavy ion collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: Baskakov, A. V.
name: Boos, E. E.
name: Dudko, L. V.
name: Lokhtin, I. P.
name: Snigirev, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper presents analysis of the single top quark production in PbPb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at center-of-mass energy 5.5 TeV per nucleon pair. The analysis is performed with CompHEP and PYQUEN event generators. The neutron and proton content in the nuclei is taken into account. NLO precision has been implemented to simulate kinematic properties and rate of single top production. The modification of different characteristics of single top quark decay products due to interactions of jet partons in quark-gluon medium, and the specific charge asymmetry of top/anti-top quark yields due to the isospin effect are evaluated.
description: 6 pages, 11 figures in pdf format
title: Matilda of Flanders in Normandy : a study of eleventh-century female power
Creators: name: Cartwright, Charlotte
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Matilda of Flanders, as she is commonly known, was the wife of William II, count/duke of Normandy and, from 1066, king of the English. This thesis is a study of her, and specifically of her power and authority, with a focus on her activity in Normandy rather than in England. It is thus neither a biography nor a contribution to the study of queenship, though it does aim to contribute to the studv of countesses, if not 'countess-ship'. The existing historiography of early medieval elite women has mostly neglected both countesses and women in the eleventh century. This is especially so for Normandy, where little study has been done on Matilda and her predecessors. However, the potential for this type of study has been shown by previous work on Matilda, as well as on queens and queenship. This work builds on the existing historiography to examine Matilda in Normandy as a countess, and in comparison as a queen after 1066. The focus throughout is on contemporary sources, especially the writings of Dudo of Saint Quentin, William of Jurnieges, William of Poitiers and the more than five hundred surviving Norman and Anglo- Norman charters from the period 996-1086. The issue of legitimate marriage, which made a woman a wife and gave her access to power and authority through her family role, was critical, and Matilda's marriage can be established as legitimate and secure. The bulk of this thesis considers the activity of the comital/ducal women recorded within the Norman charters, focusing on the actions which reveal power, and the descriptions which suggest the way in which they, and their authority, were perceived. Throughout, Matilda is compared with her predecessors, but also with contemporary men, especially the male members ofthe family. Close study of the source material reveals a Norman court in the tenth and eleventh century where family women, especially the legitimate wives of the count/dukes, were important actors. Matilda, however, was distinct from her predecessors: her power and authority greater than theirs. During her lifetime, there are hints at the development of an office of countess, and she appears to have acted as both a regent and a deputy in Normandy after the Conquest of England. Her activity as a queen, and the comparison with her as a countess, sheds light on both roles, suggesting that countesses could exercise a quasi- queenly power, but also that coronation and inauguration set queens apart. However, even after Matilda's coronation, the role of 'wife' was still important, as was family power. This work thus increases our understanding of tenth- and eleventh-century Normandy, as well as contributing to the wider study of the ducal family, eleventh-century countesses and the development of the role of the queen in the Anglo-Norman realm.
D5.4 Piping, auxiliary equipment and cable connections
Creators: name: Ferriere, Alain
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This document is the deliverable D5.4 of the project POLYPHEM. It is planned in the framework of the Work Package 5 (Manufacturing and installation of the prototype plant). The deliverable D5.4 is a demonstrator. It reports the installation of the piping for the circulation of air and of the heat transfer fluid from the heat source (burner) to the ORC and the thermal energy storage. CNRS was responsible for the design and the construction of the piping. The auxiliary equipment is composed of the electrical cabinets and the power supply of the actuators.
Holographic Entanglement Entropy for the Most General Higher Derivative Gravity
Creators: name: Miao, Rong-Xin
name: Guo, Wu-zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The holographic entanglement entropy for the most general higher derivative gravity is investigated. We find a new type of Wald entropy, which appears on entangling surface without the rotational symmetry and reduces to usual Wald entropy on Killing horizon. Furthermore, we obtain a formal formula of HEE for the most general higher derivative gravity and work it out exactly for some squashed cones. As an important application, we derive HEE for gravitational action with one derivative of the curvature when the extrinsic curvature vanishes. We also study some toy models with non-zero extrinsic curvature. We prove that our formula yields the correct universal term of entanglement entropy for 4d CFTs. Furthermore, we solve the puzzle raised by Hung, Myers and Smolkin that the logarithmic term of entanglement entropy derived from Weyl anomaly of CFTs does not match the holographic result even if the extrinsic curvature vanishes. We find that such mismatch comes from the `anomaly of entropy' of the derivative of curvature. After considering such contributions carefully, we resolve the puzzle successfully. In general, we need to fix the splitting problem for the conical metrics in order to derive the holographic entanglement entropy. We find that, at least for Einstein gravity, the splitting problem can be fixed by using equations of motion. How to derive the splittings for higher derivative gravity is a non-trivial and open question. For simplicity, we ignore the splitting problem in this paper and find that it does not affect our main results.
description: 28 pages, no figures, published in JHEP
ГРАДУАЛ ПАРАЛЛЕЛИЗМ
Creators: name: Ширинова, Нилуфар
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ушбу мақолада флексия усули орқали кўплик маъносини бериш инглиз тили морфологик тизимининг ўзига хос имкониятларидан бири бўлиб, кўплаб лисоний маъно ва категорияларни воқелантириш ва бу ҳодисага оид муаммолар батафсил ёритилган.
A note on the newly observed Y(4220) resonance
Creators: name: Faccini, R.
name: Filaci, G.
name: Guerrieri, A. L.
name: Pilloni, A.
name: Polosa, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BES III Collaboration has recently observed a vector resonance in the chi_{c0} omega channel, at a mass of about 4220 MeV, named Y(4220). Hints of a similar structure appear in the h_c pi+ pi- channel. We find that the two observations are likely due to the same state, which we identify with one of the expected diquark-antidiquark resonances with orbital quantum number L = 1. This assignment fulfills heavy quark spin conservation. The measured branching fractions ratio into chi_{c0} omega and h_c pi+ pi- is compatible with the prediction for such a tetraquark state.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Version accepted on Phys.Rev.D
CMB Polarization by the Asymmetric Template of Scalar Perturbations
Creators: name: Khodagholizadeh, Jafar
name: Mohammadi, Rohoollah
name: Movahed, S. M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by a dipole asymmetric template for the CMB temperature map in the primordial scalar fluctuations observed by Planck at a large scale, we examine the contribution of a similar template for power asymmetry in modifying the linear polarization pattern of CMB. Replacing un-modulated temperature fluctuation with dipolar modulated one in time evolution equations somehow breaks linear perturbation in the various components of the CMB map. This non-linearity allows deflecting CMB polarization in patterns that contain divergence-free components. The explicit expressions for the angular power spectra of the electric and magnetic-type parities of linear polarization are derived in the form of the line of sight integral solutions. Our results demonstrate that the electric-type polarization is modified and the magnetic-type polarization would be produced. Such imprints depend on the linear and square of the asymmetric amplitude for $E$- and $B$-modes power spectra, respectively. For the observed dipole template, the value of $B$ polarization spectrum at the large scale ($\ell\lesssim 10$) is almost equivalent to the power spectrum obtained from Compton scattering in the presence of tensor perturbation with tensor to scalar ratio about $r\simeq0.005$.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures
Recognizing Fine-Grained and Composite Activities using Hand-Centric Features and Script Data
Creators: name: Rohrbach, Marcus
name: Rohrbach, Anna
name: Regneri, Michaela
name: Amin, Sikandar
name: Andriluka, Mykhaylo
name: Pinkal, Manfred
name: Schiele, Bernt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Activity recognition has shown impressive progress in recent years. However, the challenges of detecting fine-grained activities and understanding how they are combined into composite activities have been largely overlooked. In this work we approach both tasks and present a dataset which provides detailed annotations to address them. The first challenge is to detect fine-grained activities, which are defined by low inter-class variability and are typically characterized by fine-grained body motions. We explore how human pose and hands can help to approach this challenge by comparing two pose-based and two hand-centric features with state-of-the-art holistic features. To attack the second challenge, recognizing composite activities, we leverage the fact that these activities are compositional and that the essential components of the activities can be obtained from textual descriptions or scripts. We show the benefits of our hand-centric approach for fine-grained activity classification and detection. For composite activity recognition we find that decomposition into attributes allows sharing information across composites and is essential to attack this hard task. Using script data we can recognize novel composites without having training data for them.
description: in International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV) 2015
Optimal Control of Majorana Zero Modes
Creators: name: Karzig, Torsten
name: Rahmani, Armin
name: von Oppen, Felix
name: Refael, Gil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Braiding of Majorana zero modes provides a promising platform for quantum information processing, which is topologically protected against errors. Strictly speaking, however, the scheme relies on infinite braiding times as it utilizes the adiabatic limit. Here we show how to minimize nonadiabatic errors for finite braiding times by finding an optimal protocol for the Majorana movement. Interestingly, these protocols are characterized by sharp transitions between Majorana motion at maximal and minimal velocities. We find that these so-called bang-bang protocols can minimize the nonadiabatic transitions of the system by orders of magnitude in comparison with naive protocols.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 4 pages of supplemental material
Neighborhood Racial Diversity, Socioeconomic Status, and Perceptions of HIV-Related Discrimination and Internalized HIV Stigma among Women Living with HIV in the United States
Creators: name: Neilands, T.B.
name: Parish, C.
name: Sosanya, O.
name: Weiser, S.D.
name: Turan, J.M.
name: Golub, E.
name: Plankey, M.
name: Wingood, G.
name: Adimora, A.A.
name: Cohen, M.
name: Konkle-Parker, D.
name: Wilson, T.E.
name: Edmonds, A.
name: Logie, C.H.
name: Kempf, M.-C.
name: Johnson, M.O.
name: Turan, B.
name: Crockett, K.B.
name: Tien, P.C.
Publisher: name: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Relationships that traverse sociodemographic categories may improve community attitudes toward marginalized groups and potentially protect members of those groups from stigma and discrimination. The present study evaluated whether internalized HIV stigma and perceived HIV-related discrimination in health care settings differ based on individual-and neighborhood-level characteristics of women living with HIV (WLHIV). We also sought to extend previous conceptual and empirical work to explore whether perceived HIV-related discrimination mediated the association between neighborhood racial diversity and internalized HIV stigma. A total of 1256 WLHIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) attending 10 sites in metropolitan areas across the United States completed measures of internalized HIV stigma and perceived HIV-related discrimination in health care settings. Participants also provided residential information that was geocoded into Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) codes and linked with census-tract level indicators. In cross-sectional analyses, greater neighborhood racial diversity was associated with less internalized HIV stigma and less perceived HIV-related discrimination regardless of individual race. Neighborhood median income was positively associated with internalized HIV stigma and perceived discrimination, while individual income was negatively associated with perceptions of stigma and discrimination. In an exploratory mediation analysis, neighborhood racial diversity had a significant indirect effect on internalized HIV stigma through perceived HIV-related discrimination. An indirect effect between neighborhood income and internalized stigma was not supported. These findings suggest that greater neighborhood racial diversity may lessen HIV stigma processes at the individual level and that HIV stigma-reduction interventions may be most needed in communities that lack racial diversity.
Atomic level understanding of site-specific interactions in Polyaniline/TiO2 composite
Creators: name: Chabungbam, Satyananda
name: Loh, G. C.
name: Sahariah, Munima B.
name: Pal, Arup Ratan
name: Pandey, Ravindra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of spin-polarized density functional theory calculations find that band gap engineering can be achieved by site-specific interactions in a composite consisting of polyaniline and TiO2 nanoparticles. Interactions in the composite matrix are found to be mediated by Ti atoms inducing dependency of location of the conduction band minimum on the polyaniline site which is being probed by TiO2. This dependency is due to subtle changes in the nature of valance or conduction states near Fermi level introduced by the interacting matrix sites. The results therefore suggest that optimization of the synthesis parameters at atomic level can be an effective way to improve performance of a photovoltaic device based on PAni- TiO2 composite.
Mesh Density Adaptation for Template-based Shape Reconstruction
Creators: name: Jung, Yucheol
name: Kim, Hyomin
name: Hwang, Gyeongha
name: Baek, Seung-Hwan
name: Lee, Seungyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.5; I.3.5

description: In 3D shape reconstruction based on template mesh deformation, a regularization, such as smoothness energy, is employed to guide the reconstruction into a desirable direction. In this paper, we highlight an often overlooked property in the regularization: the vertex density in the mesh. Without careful control on the density, the reconstruction may suffer from under-sampling of vertices near shape details. We propose a novel mesh density adaptation method to resolve the under-sampling problem. Our mesh density adaptation energy increases the density of vertices near complex structures via deformation to help reconstruction of shape details. We demonstrate the usability and performance of mesh density adaptation with two tasks, inverse rendering and non-rigid surface registration. Our method produces more accurate reconstruction results compared to the cases without mesh density adaptation.
description: To appear at SIGGRAPH 2023. Jung and Kim shares equal contribution. For codes, see https://github.com/ycjungSubhuman/density-adaptation/
New redshift z ~ 9 galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields: Implications for early evolution of the UV luminosity density
Creators: name: McLeod, Derek J.
name: McLure, Ross J.
name: Dunlop, James S.
name: Robertson, Brant E.
name: Ellis, Richard S.
name: Targett, Thomas T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a new search for galaxies at redshift z ~ 9 in the first two Hubble Frontier Fields with completed HST WFC3/IR and ACS imaging. To ensure robust photometric redshift solutions, and to minimize incompleteness, we confine our search to objects with H_{160} < 28.6 (AB mag), consider only image regions with an rms noise sigma_{160} > 30 mag (within a 0.5-arcsec diameter aperture), and insist on detections in both H_{160} and J_{140}. The result is a survey covering an effective area (after accounting for magnification) of 10.9 sq. arcmin, which yields 12 galaxies at 8.4 < z < 9.5. Within the Abell-2744 cluster and parallel fields we confirm the three brightest objects reported by Ishigaki et al. (2014), but recover only one of the four z > 8.4 sources reported by Zheng et al. (2014). In the MACSJ0416.1-240 cluster field we report five objects, and explain why each of these eluded detection or classification as z ~ 9 galaxies in the published searches of the shallower CLASH data. Finally, we uncover four z ~ 9 galaxies from the previously unsearched MACSJ0416.1-240 parallel field. Based on the published magnification maps we find that only one of these 12 galaxies is likely boosted by more than a factor of two by gravitational lensing. Consequently we are able to perform a fairly straightforward reanalysis of the normalization of the z ~ 9 UV galaxy luminosity function as explored previously in the HUDF12 programme. We conclude that the new data strengthen the evidence for a continued smooth decline in UV luminosity density (and hence star-formation rate density) from z ~ 8 to z ~ 9, contrary to recent reports of a marked drop-off at these redshifts. This provides further support for the scenario in which early galaxy evolution is sufficiently extended to explain cosmic reionization.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, updated to match accepted version in MNRAS
Associations between county-level voter turnout, county-level felony voter disenfranchisement, and sexually transmitted infections among women in the Southern United States
Creators: name: Wingood, G.M.
name: Adimora, A.A.
name: Schoenbach, V.J.
name: Edmonds, A.
name: Haley, D.F.
name: Bolivar, H.
name: Hickson, D.A.
name: Ramirez, C.
name: Golub, E.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Purpose: Voting may play a critical role in the allocation of social and structural resources to communities, which in turn shapes neighborhood environments, and ultimately, an individual's sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk. We assessed relationships among county-level voter turnout and felony voter disenfranchisement, and STIs. Methods: This cross-sectional multilevel analysis included 666 women in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and North Carolina enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study between 2013 and 2015. Having a baseline bacterial STI (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, or early syphilis) was determined by laboratory testing. We used generalized estimating equations to test relationships between county-level voter turnout in the 2012 general election, county-level percentage of felony disenfranchised voters, and STI prevalence. Results: Eleven percent of participants had an STI. Higher voter turnout corresponded to lower STI prevalence (prevalence ratio = 0.84, 95% confidence interval = 0.73–0.96 per 4 percentage point higher turnout). Greater felony voter disenfranchisement corresponded to higher STI prevalence (prevalence ratio = 1.89, 95% confidence interval = 1.10–3.24 per 4 percentage point higher disenfranchisement). Conclusions: STI prevalence was inversely associated with voter turnout and positively associated with felony voter disenfranchisement. Research should assess causality and mechanisms through which civic engagement shapes sexual health. Expanding political participation, including eliminating discriminatory voting laws, could influence sexual health.
Traversing the cascade: Urgent research priorities for implementing the 'treat all' strategy for children and adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Davies, M.-A.
name: Vreeman, R.C.
name: Adedimeji, A.
name: Leroy, V.
name: Apondi, E.
name: Edmonds, A.
name: Enane, L.A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa experience significant morbidity and alarmingly high mortality rates due to critical gaps in the HIV care cascade, including late diagnosis and initiation of treatment, as well as poor retention in care and adherence to treatment. Interventions to strengthen the adult HIV care cascade may not be as effective in improving the cascade for CALHIV, for whom specific strategies are needed. Particular attention needs to be paid to the contexts of sub-Saharan Africa, where more than 85% of the world's CALHIV live. Implementing the 'treat all' strategy in sub-Saharan Africa requires dedicated efforts to address the unique diagnosis and care needs of CALHIV, in order to improve paediatric and adolescent outcomes, prevent viral resistance and reduce the number of new HIV infections. We consider the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets from the perspective of infants, children and adolescents, and discuss the key challenges, knowledge gaps and urgent research priorities for CALHIV in implementation of the 'treat all' strategy in sub-Saharan Africa.
Synthesizing Event-centric Knowledge Graphs of Daily Activities Using Virtual Space
Creators: name: Egami, Shusaku
name: Ugai, Takanori
name: Oono, Mikiko
name: Kitamura, Koji
name: Fukuda, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4; H.4.2; H.3.3; H.3.1

description: Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to be embodied in software agents, robots, and cyber-physical systems that can understand the various contextual information of daily life in the home environment to support human behavior and decision making in various situations. Scene graph and knowledge graph (KG) construction technologies have attracted much attention for knowledge-based embodied question answering meeting this expectation. However, collecting and managing real data on daily activities under various experimental conditions in a physical space are quite costly, and developing AI that understands the intentions and contexts is difficult. In the future, data from both virtual spaces, where conditions can be easily modified, and physical spaces, where conditions are difficult to change, are expected to be combined to analyze daily living activities. However, studies on the KG construction of daily activities using virtual space and their application have yet to progress. The potential and challenges must still be clarified to facilitate AI development for human daily life. Thus, this study proposes the VirtualHome2KG framework to generate synthetic KGs of daily life activities in virtual space. This framework augments both the synthetic video data of daily activities and the contextual semantic data corresponding to the video contents based on the proposed event-centric schema and virtual space simulation results. Therefore, context-aware data can be analyzed, and various applications that have conventionally been difficult to develop due to the insufficient availability of relevant data and semantic information can be developed. We also demonstrate herein the utility and potential of the proposed VirtualHome2KG framework through several use cases, including the analysis of daily activities by querying, embedding, and clustering, and fall risk detection among ...
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, and this paper has been accepted by IEEE Access
Pulse-controlled quantum gate sequences on a strongly coupled qubit chain
Creators: name: Frydrych, Holger
name: Marthaler, Michael
name: Alber, Gernot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a selective dynamical decoupling scheme on a chain of permanently coupled qubits with XX type interactions, which is capable of dynamically suppressing any coupling in the chain by applying sequences of local pulses to the individual qubits. We demonstrate that high-fidelity single- and two-qubit gates can be achieved by this procedure and that sequences of gates can be implemented by this pulse control alone. We discuss the applicability and physical limitations of our model specifically for strongly coupled superconducting flux qubits. Since dynamically modifying the couplings between flux qubits is challenging, they are a natural candidate for our approach.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 8 of Xeno-free induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells for in vivo applications
Creators: name: Rust, Ruslan
name: Weber, Rebecca Z.
name: Generali, Melanie
name: Kehl, Debora
name: Bodenmann, Chantal
name: Uhr, Daniela
name: Wanner, Debora
name: Zürcher, Kathrin J.
name: Saito, Hirohide
name: Hoerstrup, Simon P.
name: Nitsch, Roger M.
name: Tackenberg, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 8: Table S1. Detailed list of cell culture media and substances.
Bridging Disciplines with AI-Powered Coding: Empowering Non-STEM Students to Build Advanced APIs in the Humanities
Creators: name: Daniel Plate
name: James Hutson*
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: AI-powered coding, non-STEM education, humanities, API development, digital methodologies.

description: Abstract: The integration of AI-powered coding assistants, such as Cursor AI, GitHub Copilot, and Replit’s Ghostwriter AI, represents a transformative shift in programming education, particularly for non-STEM students. These tools democratize coding by enabling natural language code generation, intelligent error correction, and context-aware assistance within familiar coding environments. This article explores how these technologies empower educators across disciplines to introduce basic and advanced coding concepts to humanities students, a demographic traditionally underserved in programming education. By leveraging AI, instructors can teach non-STEM students the foundational principles of coding and guide them through the development of sophisticated projects, such as building APIs for literary analysis or creative world-building. These endeavors, once reserved for advanced digital humanities research, now become accessible within the framework of undergraduate humanities courses. The article examines the practical applications of AI-assisted coding in humanities education, demonstrating how these tools facilitate a deeper engagement with digital methodologies, thus expanding the horizons of what is possible in these fields. Additionally, it discusses the potential for AI-powered assistants to address the unique needs of non-STEM learners, offering a tailored educational experience that aligns with their academic and creative pursuits. This approach not only enriches the humanities curriculum but also fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, preparing students for a future where coding literacy is an essential skill across all domains.
Around the GLOBE: Numerical Aggregation Question-Answering on Heterogeneous Genealogical Knowledge Graphs with Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Suissa, Omri
name: Zhitomirsky-Geffet, Maayan
name: Elmalech, Avshalom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the key AI tools for textual corpora exploration is natural language question-answering (QA). Unlike keyword-based search engines, QA algorithms receive and process natural language questions and produce precise answers to these questions, rather than long lists of documents that need to be manually scanned by the users. State-of-the-art QA algorithms based on DNNs were successfully employed in various domains. However, QA in the genealogical domain is still underexplored, while researchers in this field (and other fields in humanities and social sciences) can highly benefit from the ability to ask questions in natural language, receive concrete answers and gain insights hidden within large corpora. While some research has been recently conducted for factual QA in the genealogical domain, to the best of our knowledge, there is no previous research on the more challenging task of numerical aggregation QA (i.e., answering questions combining aggregation functions, e.g., count, average, max). Numerical aggregation QA is critical for distant reading and analysis for researchers (and the general public) interested in investigating cultural heritage domains. Therefore, in this study, we present a new end-to-end methodology for numerical aggregation QA for genealogical trees that includes: 1) an automatic method for training dataset generation; 2) a transformer-based table selection method, and 3) an optimized transformer-based numerical aggregation QA model. The findings indicate that the proposed architecture, GLOBE, outperforms the state-of-the-art models and pipelines by achieving 87% accuracy for this task compared to only 21% by current state-of-the-art models. This study may have practical implications for genealogical information centers and museums, making genealogical data research easy and scalable for experts as well as the general public.
description: ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage (2023)