Peribalus Mulsant et Rey 1866
Creators: name: Belousova, E. N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pentatomidae
Peribalus

description: Genus PERIBALUS Mulsant et Rey, 1866
Peribalus Mulsant et Rey, 1866: 262. Type species Cimex vernalis Wolff, 1804 (Kirkaldy, 1909: XXIX).
Diagnosis. The genus is most closely related to Holcostethus but differs in the following characters: clypeus closed; sclerotized median plates of aedeagus wide, connected at base; outgrowths of spermathecal bulb short, forming no process.
Composition. The species of the genus are classi-fied into three subgenera, two of which are described as new based on the number of conjunctive processes of the aedeagus, shape of the inner surface of the pa-ramere, and structure of the spermatheca.
The range of the genus covers nearly entire Palae-arctic Region from Mediterranean to the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The ten species occur in the plains and high mountains, reaching a height of 3600 m.
A KEY TO SPECIES OF THE GENUS PERIBALUS MULSANT ET REY, 1866
1(4). Aedeagus with one pair of curved conjunctive processes with sclerotized apices (Figs. 18–20). Theca without lateral processes. Parameres with smoothened sensory lobe and with wrinkled area rounded at base (Figs. 54–56). Spermatheca with elongate (occasionally strongly elongate) bulb and with sclerotized duct spherically widened at base (Figs. 1–3) ......................... Peribalus s. str.
2(3). Sides of pronotum distinctly emarginate; lateral angle narrowly rounded, length of its part projecting beyond elytral base subequal to width of eye (Fig. 93). Apex of scutellum without pale spot. Mediterranean subspecies .......................... ............ P. (P.) strictus strictus (Fabricius, 1803).
3(2). Sides of pronotum straight or weakly emarginate; lateral angle rounded, length of its part projecting beyond elytral base less than half width of eye (Fig. 91). Apex of scutellum pale.
a(b). Body larger, 8.7–10.5 (9.61) mm long, dark brownish, with black coarse punctation; distance between punctures subequal to puncture diameter; surface smooth. Euro-Siberian subspecies ...................................................................... .... P. (P.) strictus vernalis (Wolff, 1804), stat. n.
b(a). Body smaller, 7.8–10.8 (9.06) mm long, sandyred, with very dense, fine, usually concolorous, occasionally brown punctation; distance between punctures less than their diameter; surface not smooth. Typical of Fore and Central Asia .......... P. (P.) strictus capitatus Jakovlev, 1889, stat. n.
4(1). Aedeagus forming more than 1 pair of conjunctive processes with unsclerotized apices (Figs. 23–34). Theca with small lateral processes. Paramere usually (except for that of P. hoberlandti) with noticeable sensory lobe; uneven area of inner surface of paramere pointed at base (Figs. 57, 59–62). Spermathecal bulb rather weakly, if at all, elongate; sclerotized duct not widened at base (Figs. 6–9); occasionally with bulb spherical and sclerotized duct widened at base to varying extent (Figs. 10, 11, 15, 17).
5(16). Aedeagus with 2 pairs of conjunctive processes; vesica strongly curved at apex (Figs. 29, 31, 32), except for that weakly curved in P. congenitus (Fig. 30). Inner surface of paramere subparallelsided (Figs. 57–60). Ventral surface of pygofer with medially interrupted carina along apical margin; apices rounded or slightly pointed (Figs. 77–80). Spermatheca with weakly elongate bulb and sclerotized duct narrowed at base (Figs. 6–9), or bulb spherical and sclerotized duct narrowed (as that of P. przewalskii sp. n., Fig. 10, and P. classeyi, Fig. 11) or slightly widened (as that of P. hoberlandti, Fig. 17) at base .. ..................................... Asioperibalus subgen. n.
6(15). Lateral margin of pronotum straight, slightly concave, rarely slightly convex (Figs. 86–89).
7(14). Parandria situated below horizontal level of lateral angles of pygofer (Figs. 77–80). Laterotergite IX small, not widened toward base (Fig. 103).
8(13). Head medium-sized, trapeziform (Fig. 98); 3rd antennal segment distinctly shorter than 2nd (index 0.88–0.96). Spermathecal bulb weakly elongate (Figs. 6–9).
9(12). Pygofer wide, with attenuate apical angles and narrowly rounded median emargination (Figs. 77, 78). Sclerotized median plates slightly widened, vesica sharply curved.
10(11). Pronotum with indistinct pale edging, sparsely, rather coarsely punctate; distance between punctures several times exceeding their diameter. Jugae swollen. Asian species .................................. ....................... P. (A.) nitidus Kiritshenko, 1914.
11(10). Pronotum with pale distinct marginal costa, rather densely punctate. Jugae flat. Euro-Siberian species .......................................... ........................... P. (A.) inclusus (Dohrn, 1860).
12(9). Pygofer narrow, with weakly attenuate apical angles and widely rounded median emargination (Fig. 79). Sclerotized median plates strongly widened, vesica smoothly curved (Figs. 24, 30). Transcaucasia, Iran .............................................. .................. P. (A.) congenitus (Putshkov, 1965).
13(8). Head large, subrectangular (Fig. 99); 3rd anten-nal segment always longer than 2nd (1.2 times as long, on average). Spermatheca with spherical bulb (Fig. 10). Closely related to P. inclusus. Northern China, Mongolia .................................. ...................................... P. (A.) przewalskii sp. n.
14(7). Parandria situated clearly above horizontal level of lateral angles of pygofer (Fig. 66). Lateroter-gite IX very large, strongly widened toward base (Figs. 106). Eastern Afghanistan ........................ .................... P. (A.) classeyi (Hoberlandt, 1984).
15(6). Pronotum with distinctly convex lateral margins (Fig. 90). Turkey ................................................. ........ P. (A.) hoberlandti (Lodos et Önder, 1980).
16(5). Aedeagus at least with rudiment of 3rd pair of conjunctive processes (Figs. 33, 34). Ventral sur-face of pygofer with entire carina repeating sinu-ate bend of its apical margin; apices pointed and distinctly bent inwards (Fig. 82). Paramere with arcuately curved inner surface (Figs. 61, 62). Spermathecal bulb spherical, sclerotized duct clearly widened at base (Fig. 15). Vesica weakly curved ............................... Tianocoris subgen. n.
17(18). Aedeagus with 2 pairs of conjunctive proc-esses and with rudiment of 3rd pair (Figs. 27, 33). Sclerotized median plates strongly widened. Pamiro-Alai ......................................................... ............... P. (T.) manifestus (Kiritshenko, 1952).
18(17). Aedeagus with 3 pairs of conjunctive proc-esses (Figs. 28, 34). Sclerotized median plates weakly widened. Tien Shan ................................ ................................... P. (T.) tianshanicus sp. n.
description: Published as part of Belousova, E. N., 2007, Revision of the shield-bug genera Holcostethus Fieber and Peribalus Mulsant et Rey (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) of the Palaearctic Region, pp. 701-739 in Entomological Review 87 (6) on pages 702-704, DOI: 10.1134/s0013873807060085, http://zenodo.org/record/15003141