cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analysing The Performance Of Two Export-Oriented Spice Chains In Nepal: Taking The Smallholder Perspective
Creators: name: Bhattari, Salil
name: Lyne, Michael
name: Martin, Sandra
name: Bhattari, Salil
name: Lyne, Michael
name: Martin, Sandra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Large cardamom
subject: ginger
subject: transaction cost
subject: collective marketing
subject: case study

description: This study assesses the performance of supply chains for two major export crops produced in Nepal (ginger and large cardamom) from a smallholder perspective. It aims to identify factors that constrain marketing choices available to smallholders, limiting the chain’s robustness from their perspective. A qualitative case study method was used to gather and analyse data on farmer-buyer dyads in the ginger and cardamom chains. These case studies were informed by a conceptual model based on Transaction Cost Economics. The analysis included a cross-case comparison to identify the effects of exogenous chain attributes on the channels available to smallholders. Informal market trading was the only form of smallholder engagement observed in both chains. However, there was evidence that smallholders had previously engaged in relational contracts in the ginger chain, and in ‘captive’ relational contracts in the cardamom chain. There was no evidence that smallholders had ever engaged in either spot markets or conventional contracts in these chains. Although the informal market channel continues to operate, the ginger and cardamom chains are not robust from a smallholder perspective as producers are unable to select channels that better match their risk-reward preferences. The analysis suggests that access to other channels is constrained mainly by underinvestment in value-adding assets. Government should give more attention to the cooperative model that it supports to promote collective marketing. Traditional cooperatives can and do help to resolve problems of asymmetric information and high unit transaction costs, but more innovative cooperative models are required to encourage the investment needed to finance value-adding assets and activities.
Hyperparameter Optimization for Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Felten, Florian
name: Gareev, Daniel
name: Talbi, El-Ghazali
name: Danoy, Grégoire
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning

description: Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful approach for tackling complex problems. The recent introduction of multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) has further expanded the scope of RL by enabling agents to make trade-offs among multiple objectives. This advancement not only has broadened the range of problems that can be tackled but also created numerous opportunities for exploration and advancement. Yet, the effectiveness of RL agents heavily relies on appropriately setting their hyperparameters. In practice, this task often proves to be challenging, leading to unsuccessful deployments of these techniques in various instances. Hence, prior research has explored hyperparameter optimization in RL to address this concern. This paper presents an initial investigation into the challenge of hyperparameter optimization specifically for MORL. We formalize the problem, highlight its distinctive challenges, and propose a systematic methodology to address it. The proposed methodology is applied to a well-known environment using a state-of-the-art MORL algorithm, and preliminary results are reported. Our findings indicate that the proposed methodology can effectively provide hyperparameter configurations that significantly enhance the performance of MORL agents. Furthermore, this study identifies various future research opportunities to further advance the field of hyperparameter optimization for MORL.
description: arXiv
title: Atlas des DOM. - La Réunion - Planche 34 : Équipements bancaires : notice, page 1 "I. Historique de l'implantation bancaire" et "II. Répartition géographique et fonctionnement des différents établissements actuels"
Creators: name: Lefèvre, Daniel
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2017
Subjects: banque
activité financière
histoire économique et sociale
finance
caisse d'épargne
établissement financier

description: Présente l'historique de l'implantation bancaire : la mise en place de l'ancienne structure et la nouvelle organisation résultant de la départementalisation. Présente la répartition géographique et le fonctionnement des différents établissements bancaires : les deux banques de dépôts, le Crédit Agricole et les organismes d'épargne. Deux tableaux appuient ces propos : un tableau donne les taux d'accroissement des services bancaires proposés par le Crédit Agricole, un tableau donne le total des prêts effectués par bureau dans différentes communes.
description: Relation: http://www.nakala.fr/data/11280/aea392bb
description: Relation: http://www.nakala.fr/data/11280/367ffcee
description: Coverage: La Réunion
description: Temporal: start=1972; end=1975;
Semi-classical calculations of the two-point correlation form factor for diffractive systems
Creators: name: Bogomolny, E.
name: Giraud, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The computation of the two-point correlation form factor K(t) is performed for a rectangular billiard with a small size impurity inside for both periodic or Dirichlet boundary conditions. It is demonstrated that all terms of perturbation expansion of this form factor in powers of t can be computed directly by semiclassical trace formula. The main part of the calculation is the summation of non-diagonal terms in the cross product of classical orbits. When the diffraction coefficient is a constant our results coincide with expansion of exact expressions ontained by a different method.
description: 42 pages, 10 figures, Latex
Indarctos Pilgrim 1913
Creators: name: Peigné, Stéphane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Ursidae
Indarctos

description: Genus Indarctos Pilgrim, 1913
 TYPE SPECIES. — Indarctos salmontanus Pilgrim, 1913, by original designation.
description: Published as part of Peigné, Stéphane, 2016, Carnivora, pp. 197-224 in Geodiversitas 38 (2) on page 199, DOI: 10.5252/g2016n2a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5207887
The dynamical history of the evaporating or disrupted ice giant planet around white dwarf WD J0914+1914
Creators: name: Veras, Dimitri
name: Fuller, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Robust evidence of an ice giant planet shedding its atmosphere around the white dwarf WD J0914+1914 represents a milestone in exoplanetary science, allowing us to finally supplement our knowledge of white dwarf metal pollution, debris discs and minor planets with the presence of a major planet. Here, we discuss the possible dynamical origins of this planet, WD J0914+1914 b. The very young cooling age of the host white dwarf (13 Myr) combined with the currently estimated planet-star separation of about 0.07 au imposes particularly intriguing and restrictive coupled constraints on its current orbit and its tidal dissipation characteristics. The planet must have been scattered from a distance of at least a few au to its current location, requiring the current or former presence of at least one more major planet in the system in the absence of a hidden binary companion. We show that WD J0914+1914 b could not have subsequently shrunk its orbit through chaotic f-mode tidal excitation (characteristic of such highly eccentric orbits) unless the planet was or is highly inflated and possibly had partially thermally self-disrupted from mode-based energy release. We also demonstrate that if the planet is currently assumed to reside on a near-circular orbit at 0.07 au, then non-chaotic equilibrium tides impose unrealistic values for the planet's tidal quality factor. We conclude that WD~J0914+1914~b either (i) actually resides interior to 0.07 au, (ii) resembles a disrupted "Super-Puff" whose remains reside on a circular orbit, or (iii) resembles a larger or denser ice giant on a currently eccentric orbit. Distinguishing these three possibilities strongly motivates follow-up observations.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Productivity of heli-logging with the Sikorsky S-61F, S-64E and S-64F in Sarawak
Creators: name: Bigsby, Hugh R.
name: Ling, Ling
name: Bigsby, Hugh R.
name: Ling, Ling
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: reduced impact logging
subject: helicopter logging
subject: productivity

description: Selection logging in the tropics is increasingly moving to systems that reduce the impact of harvesting operations on forests and soils. While much of the focus has been on modifying the tractor logging system using RIL principles, alternative harvesting systems have also been introduced. One of the alternative systems is the use of helicopters, which eliminates the need for skid trails and reduces the number of roads required. WTK pioneered helicopter logging in Malaysia when it started using the helicopter logging system in Sarawak in the early 1990’s. Beginning in 2002, the company started using Sikorsky helicopters and since then has used three different models, including the Sikorsky 61F, 64E and 64F. While the use of helicopters creates a significant improvement in environmental impact of logging, the operating cost of helicopters is also significantly higher. Given the cost of using helicopters, a key element of harvest planning is understanding the factors that influence productivity. This paper provides an analysis of logging productivity in the tropics for the Sikorsky helicopters using daily production data collected by WTK on three different timber licenses between 2002 and 2009. The regression results show that average hourly volume produced is a function of the average distance flown per turn, the weighted average number of logs carried per turn, and the type of helicopter. The results also show the importance of pre-harvest inventory and planning that ensures that helicopters are used productively.
BLOG: ORCID DE - Milestones and Key Figures
Creators: name: Vierkant, Paul
Publisher: name: ORCID
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learn more about the activities and achievements of the ORCID German consortium in this guest blog by Paul Vierkant (Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft).
Quantum data hiding with spontaneous parameter down-conversion
Creators: name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Guo, Guo-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we analyze the practical implication of the existing quantum data hiding protocol with Bell states produced with optical downconverter. We show that the uncertainty for the producing of the Bell states with spontaneous parameter down-conversion should be taken into account, because it will cause serious trouble to the hider encoding procedure. A set of extended Bell states and a generalized Bell states analyzer are proposed to describe and analyze the possible states of two photons distributing in two paths. Then we present a method to integrate the above uncertainty of Bell states preparation into the dating hiding procedure, when we encode the secret with the set of extended Bell states. These modifications greatly simplify the hider's encoding operations, and thus paves the way for the implementation of quantum data hiding with present-day quantum optics.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, adding some analyse for security proof, to be appear in Phys. Rev. A
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in Gaussian weighted graph states
Creators: name: Wang, Meihong
name: Deng, Xiaowei
name: Qin, Zhongzhong
name: Su, Xiaolong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, as one of the most intriguing phenomenon of quantum mechanics, is a useful quantum resource for quantum communication. Understanding the type of EPR steering in a graph state is the basis for application of it in a quantum network. In this paper, we present EPR steering in a Gaussian weighted graph state, including a linear tripartite and a four-mode square weighted graph state. The dependence of EPR steering on weight factor in the weighted graph state is analyzed. Gaussian EPR steering between two modes of a weighted graph state is presented, which does not exist in the Gaussian cluster state (where the weight factor is unit). For the four-mode square Gaussian weighted graph state, EPR steering between one and its two nearest modes is also presented, which is absent in the four-mode square Gaussian cluster state. We also show that Gaussian EPR steering in a weighted graph state is also bounded by the Coffman-Kundu-Wootters monogamy relation. The presented results are useful for exploiting EPR steering in a Gaussian weighted graph state as a valuable resource in multiparty quantum communication tasks.
Search for correlation between GRB's detected by BeppoSAX and gravitational wave detectors EXPLORER and NAUTILUS
Creators: name: Astone, P.
name: Bassan, M.
name: Bonifazi, P.
name: Carelli, P.
name: Castellano, G.
name: Coccia, E.
name: Cosmelli, C.
name: D'Agostini, G.
name: D'Antonio, S.
name: Fafone, V.
name: Federici, G.
name: Frontera, F.
name: Guidorzi, C.
name: Marini, A.
name: Minenkov, Y.
name: Modena, I.
name: Modestino, G.
name: Moleti, A.
name: Montanari, E.
name: Pallottino, G. V.
name: Pizzella, G.
name: Quintieri, L.
name: Rocchi, A.
name: Ronga, F.
name: Rocchi, A.
name: Terenzi, R.
name: Torrioli, G.
name: Visco, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data obtained during five months of 2001 with the gravitational wave (GW) detectors EXPLORER and NAUTILUS were studied in correlation with the gamma ray burst data (GRB) obtained with the BeppoSAX satellite. During this period BeppoSAX was the only GRB satellite in operation, while EXPLORER and NAUTILUS were the only GW detectors in operation. No correlation between the GW data and the GRB bursts was found. The analysis, performed over 47 GRB's, excludes the presence of signals of amplitude h >=1.2 * 10^{-18}, with 95 % probability, if we allow a time delay between GW bursts and GRB within +-400 s, and h >= 6.5 * 10^{-19}, if the time delay is within +- 5 s. The result is also provided in form of scaled likelihood for unbiased interpretation and easier use for further analysis.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures. Latex file, compiled with cernik.cls (provided in the package)
Internal structure of Skyrme black hole
Creators: name: Tamaki, Takashi
name: Maeda, Kei-ichi
name: Torii, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the internal structure of the Skyrme black hole under a static and spherically symmetric ansatz. $@u8(Be concentrate on solutions with the node number one and with the "winding" number zero, where there exist two solutions for each horizon radius; one solution is stable and the other is unstable against linear perturbation. We find that a generic solution exhibits an oscillating behavior near the sigularity, as similar to a solution in the Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM) system, independently to stability of the solution. Comparing it with that in the EYM system, this oscillation becomes mild because of the mass term of the Skyrme field. We also find Schwarzschild-like exceptional solutions where no oscillating behavior is seen. Contrary to the EYM system where there is one such solution branch if the node number is fixed, there are two branches corresponding to the stable and the unstable ones.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, some contents added
Relativistic gravitational collapse in non-comoving coordinates: The post-quasistatic approximation
Creators: name: Herrera, L.
name: Barreto, W.
name: Di Prisco, A.
name: Santos, N. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general, iterative, method for the description of evolving self-gravitating relativistic spheres is presented. Modeling is achieved by the introduction of an ansatz, whose rationale becomes intelligible and finds full justification within the context of a suitable definition of the post--quasistatic approximation. As examples of application of the method we discuss three models, in the adiabatic case.
description: 23 pages Latex, plus 12 ps. figures. To appear in Phys.Rev.D
Changing Rural Land Use In New Zealand 1997 To 2008
Creators: name: Dorner, Zach
name: Dorner, Zach
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: LANDUSE
subject: AGRICULTURE
subject: LAND SALES

description: This paper is a current draft of my Honours research project, and looks into whether changing economic variables have any predictive power on changing rural land use in recent years. To do this I attempt to answer three questions: 1. Do recent commodity prices have any predictive power on land use conversions? 2. Is recently sold land more likely to change use? 3. Does land which is marginal between uses have identifiable characteristics? I present my preliminary findings, which suggest land sales as a good indicator of land use change.
Questionnaires
Creators: name: Porras, Maria Lazo
name: Miranda, J. Jaime
name: Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Questionnaires in English and Spanish.1. Screening (Tamizaje)2. Baseline visit (Visita basal)3. Follow-up visits (Visitas de seguimiento)4. Process Evaluation (Evaluación de Procesos)
Predictions for nonleptonic Lambda_b and Theta_b decays
Creators: name: Leibovich, Adam K.
name: Ligeti, Zoltan
name: Stewart, Iain W.
name: Wise, Mark B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study nonleptonic Lambda_b -> Lambda_c pi, Sigma_c pi and Sigma_c^* pi decays in the limit m_b, m_c, E_pi >> Lambda_{QCD} using the soft-collinear effective theory. Here Sigma_c = Sigma_c(2455) and Sigma_c^* = Sigma_c(2520). At leading order the Lambda_b -> Sigma_c^{(*)} pi rates vanish, while the Lambda_b -> Lambda_c pi rate is related to Lambda_b -> Lambda_c\ell\barν, and is expected to be larger than Gamma(B -> D^{(*)} pi). The dominant contributions to the Lambda_b -> Sigma_c^{(*)} pi rates are suppressed by Lambda_{QCD}^2/E_pi^2. We predict Gamma(Lambda_b -> Sigma_c^* pi) / Gamma(Lambda_b -> Sigma_c pi) = 2 + O[Lambda_{QCD}/m_Q, alpha_s(m_Q)], and the same ratio for Lambda_b -> Sigma_c^{(*)} rho and for Lambda_b -> Xi_c^{(',*)}K. ``Bow tie'' diagrams are shown to be suppressed. We comment on possible discovery channels for weakly decaying pentaquarks, Theta_{b,c} and their nearby heavy quark spin symmetry partners, Theta_{b,c}^*.
description: 12 pages, added references, corrected typos
Additional file 1 of Anatomically induced changes in rice leaf mesophyll conductance explain the variation in photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency under contrasting nitrogen supply
Creators: name: Gao, Limin
name: Lu, Zhifeng
name: Ding, Lei
name: Xie, Kailiu
name: Wang, Min
name: Ling, Ning
name: Guo, Shiwei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Representative light micrographs (A ~ F; scale bar = 200 μm) and transmission electron micrographs (G ~ L; scale bar = 5 μm; M ~ R, scale bar = 1 μm) of rice leaves supplied with NH4+ (AN) or NO3− (NN) under 3 different amounts, low N (0.71 mM, LAN and LNN), intermediate N (2.86 mM, MAN and MNN), and high N (7.14 mM, HAN and HNN). UEP, upper epidermis; LEP, lower epidermis; V, vascular bundle; CP, chloroplast; CW, cell wall; SG, starch grain; OG, osmiophilic globule. Figure S2. The relationship between mesophyll diffusion conductance (gm) measured with the Harley et al. method and gm modeled with anatomical parameters (Eq. 13–16). Values are means ± SD of four replicates. The data were fitted by linear regression. Broken lines correspond to the 1:1 relationship. Figure S3. Differential interference contrast image of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells separated from leaves. Leaves were cut into small pieces and fixed with 3.5% glutaraldehyde, and the mesophyll cells were individually dispersed on the glass plate and observed by microscopy. The red circles in the figure indicate individual mesophyll cells, and the chloroplast numbers therein were counted; the arrows indicate that the mesophyll cells did not separate efficiently. Bars = 20 μm.
title: 03_0832
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Stable synchronised states of coupled Tchebyscheff maps
Creators: name: Dettmann, Carl P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupled Tchebyscheff maps have recently been introduced to explain parameters in the standard model of particle physics, using the stochastic quantisation of Parisi and Wu. This paper studies dynamical properties of these maps, finding analytic expressions for a number of periodic states and determining their linear stability. Numerical evidence is given for nonlinear stability of these states, and also the presence of exponentially slow dynamics for some ranges of the parameter. These results indicate that a theory of particle physics based on coupled map lattices must specify strong physical arguments for any choice of initial conditions, and explain how stochastic quantisation is obtained in the many stable parameter regions.
description: 18 pages, postscript figures incorporated into the text; acknowledgements added
Wachstum und Strukturwandel in der Schweizer Landwirtschaft - Eine Analyse historischer Wachstumstreiber und aktueller Agrarsubventionen
Creators: name: Christl, Celine
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Strukturwandel
Wachstumskritik
Degrowth
Landwirtschaft
Schweizer Landwirtschaft
Subventionen
Subventionssystem
Agrarsektor
Wachstumszwang
Wachstumsdrang
Wachstumstreiber
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: Die ökologischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Probleme der Schweizer Landwirtschaft sind eng mit historischen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen verknüpft. Ziel dieser Masterarbeit ist es, historisch entwickelte Wachstumstreiber und -dynamiken von Mitte des 20. bis Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts sowie den Einfluss gegenwärtiger Agrarsubventionen auf das Wachstum in der Landwirtschaft zu analysieren. Dies erfolgte mittels einer systematischen Literaturanalyse, wobei Daten durch Literaturrecherche und Schneeballmethode erhoben und anschliessend durch qualitative Inhaltsanalyse und Clusteringmethode analysiert wurden.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Schweizer Landwirtschaft seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts durch verschiedene Wachstumstreiber erhebliche Produktivitäts-, Produktions- und Effizienzsteigerungen erfahren hat. Dadurch entwickelte sie sich zu einem wachstumsgebundenen, intensiv wirtschaftenden Sektor, der Wachstumszwänge, Massen- und Überproduktion sowie einen Strukturwandel hervorbrachte. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auch, dass durch aktuelle Agrarsubventionen, historisch gewachsene Dynamiken und Strukturen aufrechterhalten und fortgeführt werden, indem grössere Betriebe stärker von den Subventionen profitieren. Dies führt zu einem «Wachstumszwang» bei kleineren Betrieben bzw. «Wachstumsdrang» bei grösseren Betrieben, was wesentlich zu den aktuellen sozialen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Problemen beiträgt.
Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, das Subventionssystem zu reformieren, das den Wachstumsdruck auf Betriebe verringert, die Ernährungs- und Versorgungssicherheit gewährleistet und die negativen Begleiterscheinungen des Strukturwandels mindert. Massnahmen könnten die Streichung der Standardarbeitskraft als Mindestgrösse, die Verschärfung des Ökologischen Leistungsnachweises sowie die Förderung ertragsreicher und ressourcenschonender agrarökologischer Praktiken umfassen. Zukünftige Forschungen sollten eingehender untersuchen, wie das Subventionssystem reformiert werden könnte, um den Wachstumsdruck zu reduzieren.
Liberalized World Trade and Food Import Under Foreign Exchange Constraints in the CFA's Franc Zone of Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: SENE, Mr.  SEYDINA OUSMANE
name: SAGHAIAN, Dr. SAYED H.
name: SENE, Mr.  SEYDINA OUSMANE
name: SAGHAIAN, Dr. SAYED H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: International Trade
subject: CFA Zone in West Africa
subject: Food Imports
subject: Food Prices
subject: Cointegration
subject: Food Security
subject: Foreign exchange reserve and Exchange Rate
subject: VECM
subject: Sub Saharan Africa.

description: This paper finds a long-run relationship between food imports, commodities prices, exchange rates, food production, GDP, and trade openness in the CFA zone of Sub-Saharan Africa. We use a panel Vector Error Correction Model with exogenous prices expanded beyond the Hemphill’ approach (1974) on rice, wheat, maize, and sugar under fixed exchange rate constraint.
Solving the quantum master equation of coupled harmonic oscillators with Lie algebra methods
Creators: name: Teuber, Lucas
name: Scheel, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a Liouville-space formulation of open systems, we present two methods to solve the quantum dynamics of coupled harmonic oscillators experiencing Markovian loss. Starting point is the quantum master equation in Liouville space which is generated by a Liouvillian that induces a Lie algebra. We show how this Lie algebra allows to define ladder operators that construct Fock-like eigenstates of the Liouvillian. These eigenstates are used to decompose the time-evolved density matrix and, together with the accompanying eigenvalues, provide insight into the transport properties of the lossy system. Additionally, a Wei-Norman expansion of the generated time evolution can be found by a structure analysis of the algebra. This structure analysis yields a construction principle to implement effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in lossy systems.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
title: Monte-carlo simulation of the primary spectrometer on the proposed FIRES instrument
Creators: name: Pelley, C
Publisher: name: STFC
Year: 2009

description: Optimization of guide design for the proposed neutron backscattering instrument FIRES is discussed in the report, concluding that elliptic non-symmetric geometry being the most suitable for maximizing transmission. Comparison with the OSIRIS and IRIS instrument at ISIS is made. Significant gain is shown in the optimization of a simple linearly tapered curved guide with a gain of x2.3 over (2x3)cm squared sample area compared to the IRIS instrument. However, further gain is shown with elliptic tapering with x3.9 over (2x3)cm squared sample area. Yet further gain is also achieved with taking elliptic geometry to the full length of the guide from the biological shielding in the vertical while keeping curvature in the horizontal, with a gain of x4.1. Further investigation however is required in the non-symmetric elliptic from moderate option, with modification of the biological shielding due to an indicated gain in excess of x12 (increase 0f> x3 compared to the best set-up without biological shielding modification).
Topologically flat embedded 2-spheres in specific simply connected 4-manifolds
Creators: name: Kasprowski, Daniel
name: Lambert-Cole, Peter
name: Land, Markus
name: Lecuona, Ana G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we study whether specific elements in the second homology of specific simply connected closed $4$-manifolds can be represented by smooth or topologically flat embedded spheres.
description: 5 pages
Introducing the Modern Ocean Sedimentary Inventory and Archive of Carbon (MOSAIC v.2.0) database and its initial applications
Creators: name: Paradis, Sarah
name: Eglinton, Timothy Ian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Marine sediments play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle by acting as the gateway from short- to long-term reservoirs of both terrestrial and marine organic carbon (OC). To understand the spatiotemporal variability, sources, composition and reactivity of OC in marine sediments, a curated and harmonized database of OC content and associated parameters is needed, especially considering the logistical challenges and costs of retrieving samples at sea. This has prompted the development of the Modern Ocean Sediment Archive and Inventory of Carbon (MOSAIC) database. Here we present an updated version, MOSAIC v.2.0, which stores variables such as OC content, its isotopic composition (δ13C, Δ14C), sedimentological parameters (e.g., grain size, mineral surface area), and associated molecular signatures (e.g., lignin, fatty acid, alkane biomarkers). MOSAIC v.2.0 offers a broad spatiotemporal coverage, with data from more than 21’000 individual sediment cores collected since the 1950s, providing a key tool to assess the role of coastal and marine sedimentary organic carbon in the global carbon cycle. A new and interactive open-access web-interface to the database will be presented, along with Python and R packages that allow users to integrate MOSAIC in their data processing workflows. Finally, initial applications of MOSAIC (v.2.0) to understand spatial patterns in the geochemical composition of marine sediment on regional and global scales will also be illustrated.
description: EGUsphere
Questionnaires
Creators: name: Porras, Maria Lazo
name: Miranda, J. Jaime
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Questionnaires in English and Spanish.1. Screening (Tamizaje)2. Baseline visit (Visita basal)3. Follow-up visits (Visitas de seguimiento)4. Process Evaluation (Evaluación de Procesos)
Additional file 1 of Knowledge of iatrogenic premature ovarian insufficiency among Chinese obstetricians and gynaecologists: a national questionnaire survey
Creators: name: Wang, Yanfang
name: Zou, Ying
name: Wang, Wei
name: Zheng, Qingmei
name: Feng, Ying
name: Dong, Han
name: Tan, Zhangyun
name: Zeng, Xiaoqin
name: Zhao, Yinqing
name: Peng, Danhong
name: Yang, Xiaomin
name: Sun, Aijun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire.
DNS of Near Wall Dynamics of Premixed CH$_4$/Air Flames
Creators: name: Zhang, Feichi
name: Zirwes, Thorsten
name: Häber, Thomas
name: Bockhorn, Henning
name: Trimis, Dimosthenis
name: Suntz, Rainer
Publisher: name: Scipedia S.L.
Year: 2021
Subjects: Flame-wall interactions (FWI)
Side-wall quenching (SWQ)
Flame Dynamics
Markstein effect
Direct numerical simulation
OpenFOAM

description: This work presents a numerical study on the effect of flame-wall interaction (FWI) from the viewpoint of flame dynamics. For that purpose, direct numerical simulations (DNS) employing detailed calculations of reaction rates and transport coefficients have been applied to a 2D premixed methane/air flame under atmospheric condition. Free flame (FF) and side-wall quenching (SWQ) configurations are realized by defining one lateral boundary as either a symmetry plane for the FF or a cold wall with fixed temperature at 20 oC for the SWQ case. Different components of flame stretch and Markstein number regarding tangential, normal (due to curvature) and total stretch, Ka$_s$ , Ka$_c$ and Ka$_tot$ = Ka$_s$ + Ka$_c$, as well as their correlations with respect to the local flame consumption speed SL have been evaluated. It has been shown that the FWI zone is dominated by negative flame stretch. In addition, S$_L$ decreases with decreasing normal stretch due to curvature Ka$_c$ while approaching the cold wall. However, S$_L$ increases with decreasing Ka$_c$ while approaching the symmetry boundary for the free flame case, leading to an inversion of the Markstein number Ma$_tot$ based on Ka$_tot$ from positive in the free flame case to negative in the SWQ case. The quenching distance evaluated based on wall-normal profiles of S$_L$ has been found to be approximately equal to the unstretched laminar flame thickness, which compares quantitatively well with measured data from literature. The flame speed has been confirmed to scale quasi-linearly with the stretch in the FWI zone. The results reveal a distinct correlation during transition between FWI and FF regarding flame dynamics, which brings a new perspective for modeling FWI phenomena by means of flame stretch and Markstein number. To do this, the quenching effect of the wall may be reproduced by a reversed sign of the Markstein number from positive to negative in the FWI zone and by applying the general linear Markstein correlation (S$_L$/S$_{L,0}$ = 1− Ma · Ka), leading to a decrease of the flame speed or the reaction rate in the near-wall region.
Determining and Evaluating the Profitability Of Multi-Species Livestock Enterprises within West-Central Texas
Creators: name: Butler, Molly
name: Howry, Sierra
name: Monroe, A. Dean
name: Barnett, Lucas
name: Butler, Molly
name: Howry, Sierra
name: Monroe, A. Dean
name: Barnett, Lucas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Enterprise Budgets
subject: Multiple Species
subject: Sheep
subject: Goats
subject: Cow-Calf
subject: Profitability

description: Enterprise budgets are effective tools to estimate profits for various livestock operation scenarios. This study found that multi-species livestock enterprises are more profitable, even under moderate market variability, for west-central Texas operations. Furthermore, a survey of industry producers showed that, estimated enterprise budgets tended to underestimate actual profits.
Constraining atmosphere-terrestrial-aquatic carbon cycle processes at national and ecoregional scales with radiocarbon data: Introducing the Radiocarbon Inventories of Switzerland (RICH) project
Creators: name: Eglinton, Timothy Ian
name: Graven, Heather
name: Hagedorn, Frank
name: Szidat, Soenke
name: Brunmayr, Alexander
name: Duborgel, Margaux
name: Geissbuehler, Dylan
name: Laemmel, Thomas
name: Minich, Luisa
name: Mittelbach, Benedict V.A.
name: Rhyner, Timo
name: White, Margot Elizabeth
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: New constraints on carbon exchanges between atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic systems are needed to reduce uncertainty in future predictions of the global carbon cycle and climate change. Radiocarbon is a powerful tool for studying the carbon cycle due to its to its ~5700-year half-life that sheds light on processes occuring on centennial to millenial timescales, as well as the 14C “bomb spike” resulting from above-ground nuclear weapons testing in the mid-20th Century that serves as a tracer of carbon flow among more rapidly cycling pools. The “Radiocarbon Inventories of Switzerland” (“RICH”) project is a collaborative initiative that involves undertaking a first-of-its-kind, national-scale 14C survey spanning all major carbon pools and encompassing the five different Swiss ecoregions. The project is acquiring a comprehensive “snapshot” of 14C measurements for carbon species in the atmosphere, soils and the hydrophere (e.g. 14C in atmospheric and soil-derived gas samples, 14C in bulk samples and different sub-fractions of soil, water and sediment samples), and developing historical context through 14C analysis of natural archives and of archived samples spanning the pre-bomb era to the present. The measurements are being used to study various carbon cycle processes, including turnover rates of different soil carbon fractions, budgets of riverine carbon, and anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and CH4. New, integrated atmospheric-terrestrial-aquatic carbon cycle models are being developed and calibrated, and existing models are being evaluated. This presentation will outline the goals and scope of the RICH project, and provide illustrations of the information that is now flowing from this collaborative undertaking. The project structure is envisioned to serve as template that can be  adapted in carbon cycle studies on regional to global scales, and the scientific outcomes will be relevant not only to Switzerland but also to the broader understanding of carbon cycle processes.
description: EGUsphere
14C Bomb Spike Signal Constrains Microbial Mat Growth Rates
Creators: name: Blattmann, Franziska R.
name: Bontognali, Tomaso R.R.
name: Haghipour, Negar
name: Rouwendaal, Simon E.
name: Eglinton, Timothy Ian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Microbial mats are considered among the earliest forms of life to have inhabited our planet and occur in early Archean sedimentary sequences. Living mats consist of a coherent network of metabolically diverse microorganisms that produce extracellular polymeric substances, which allows them to thrive in harsh environments. Despite their importance for the study of early life on Earth and their relevance in the search for life on Mars, growth rates as well as carbon cycling of microbial mats remain unclear. Past radiocarbon (14C) studies of microbial mats show the presence of allochthonous organic particles trapped within the autochthonous biomass which complicate reconstruction of the mat growth rates (Bahniuk Rumbelsperger, 2013). In this study, millimeter-scale sampling and radiocarbon analysis was conducted on vertical profiles of microbial mats and lagoon water samples from two modern coastal sabkhas located on the Northwest and South coast of Qatar, respectively. The 14C measurements of mats from both studied sabkhas show increasing Δ14C values from the surface downwards, from an average of -25 ‰ up to a maximum 180 ‰. At the base of the mat there is an abrupt ~150 ‰ decrease in Δ14C values. This clear and shared trend between different sites and profiles shows that in both sites organic matter is predominantly being produced in situ via photosynthesis. Moreover, this 14C trend correlates with the global bomb spike carbon signal (Graven, 2015) and implies that these 45-55 mm thick mats are relatively modern structures and cannot be more than 60 - 70 years old. Therefore, the microbial mat growth rate is higher than previously estimated, suggesting that stromatolites, possibly those from earlier in Earth history, may have formed in a relatively short time. The trend also shows that most organic bound carbon is not extensively recycled within the mat. Instead, the primary source of in-situ produced organic carbon is the dissolved inorganic carbon of the lagoon water. These findings shed new light on the development of one of the earliest life forms on our planet.

REFERENCES
Bahniuk Rumbelsperger A.M., 2013. Coupling organic and inorganic methods to study growth and diagenesis of modern microbial carbonates, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: Implications for interpreting ancient microbialite facies development, PhD Thesis ETH Zurich, ETH No. 20984.
Graven, H.D., 2015. Impact of fossil fuel emissions on atmospheric radiocarbon and various applications of radiocarbon over this century. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(31): 9542-9545.
description: EGUsphere
Sivaonyx Pilgrim 1931
Creators: name: Peigné, Stéphane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mustelidae
Sivaonyx

description: Genus Sivaonyx Pilgrim, 1931
 TYPE SPECIES. — Sivaonyx bathygnathus (Lydekker, 1884) by original designation.
description: Published as part of Peigné, Stéphane, 2016, Carnivora, pp. 197-224 in Geodiversitas 38 (2) on page 200, DOI: 10.5252/g2016n2a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5207887
Gauge Invariance with Mass: Higher Spins in Cosmological Spaces
Creators: name: Deser, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review recent work on massive higher (s>1) spins in constant curvature (deSitter) spaces. Some of the novel properties that emerge are: partial masslessness and new local gauge invariances, unitarily forbidden ranges of mass, correlation between fermions/bosons and nagative/positive cosmological constant Lambda and finally the consistency requirement that in the limit of infinite spin towers, Lambda must tend to zero.
description: 30 pages, 1 Fig, Expanded version, invited lecture, Francqui Conference, "Strings and Gravity: Tying the Forces Together", Brussels, October 2001
Debating on scientific and technical choices: The experiment of an “interactive technology assessment” On GMO vine research at INRA
Creators: name: Joly, Pierre-Benoit
name: Marris, Claire
name: Bertrand, Anne
name: Joly, Pierre-Benoit
name: Marris, Claire
name: Bertrand, Anne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: As a source of innovation, INRA research has not only economic but also social, political and ethical implications. It may actually contribute to providing profits but also comprises risks. Controversies surrounding innovations have caused INRA to implement systems, which allow deliberations on research programmes by associating actors with varying degrees of involvement in the applications of this research. It is within this context that in 2001 a pilot-experiment started on GMO-vines.
Scalar induced gravitational waves in inflation with gravitationally enhanced friction
Creators: name: Fu, Chengjie
name: Wu, Puxun
name: Yu, Hongwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the scalar induced gravitational wave (GW) background in inflation with gravitationally enhanced friction (GEF). The GEF mechanism, which is realized by assuming a nonminimal derivative coupling between the inflaton field and gravity, is used to amplify the small-scale curvature perturbations to generate a sizable amount of primordial black holes. We find that the GW energy spectra can reach the detectable scopes of the future GW projects, and the power spectrum of curvature perturbations has a power-law form in the vicinity of the peak. The scaling of the GW spectrum in the ultraviolet regions is two times that of the power spectrum slope, and has a lower bound. In the infrared regions, the slope of the GW spectrum can be described roughly by a log-dependent form. These features of the GW spectrum may be used to check the GEF mechanism if the scalar induced GWs are detected in the future.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
A measurement of the effect of delegation on the price of drinking water in France
Creators: name: Carpentier, Alain
name: Nauges, Céline
name: Reynaud, Arnaud
name: Thomas, Alban
name: Carpentier, Alain
name: Nauges, Céline
name: Reynaud, Arnaud
name: Thomas, Alban
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Public Economics

description: Nowadays, a little more than half of French municipalities delegate the management of water services to private companies. The effect of the management system on the service cost and the differences observed between private and public management are topical questions. Our assessment of the impact of the delegation system on the prices of drinking water services in France shows that the operating conditions of these services help explain the existing differences between the average prices charged by private and public services in 1998. Our results demonstrate that municipalities facing difficult operating conditions are more likely to choose a private management.