cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chirality Dependent Photon Transport and Helical Superradiance
Creators: name: Peter, Jonah S.
name: Ostermann, Stefan
name: Yelin, Susanne F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chirality, or handedness, is a geometrical property denoting a lack of mirror symmetry. Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and is associated with the non-reciprocal interactions observed in complex systems ranging from biomolecules to topological materials. Here, we demonstrate that chiral arrangements of dipole-coupled atoms or molecules can facilitate the unidirectional transport of helical photonic excitations without breaking time-reversal symmetry. We show that such helicity dependent transport stems from an emergent spin-orbit coupling induced by the chiral geometry, which results in nontrivial topological properties. We also examine the effects of collective dissipation and find that many-body coherences lead to helicity dependent photon emission: an effect we call helical superradiance. Our results demonstrate an intimate connection between chirality, topology, and photon helicity that may contribute to molecular photodynamics in nature and could be probed with near-term quantum simulators.
description: Revised paper, see also companion paper "Chirality-induced emergent spin-orbit coupling in topological atomic lattices"
TERGOVGA QADAR TEKSHIRUV JARAYONIDA SHAXSNI HIMOYA HUQUQI BILAN TA'MINLASH TUSHUNCHASINING VUJUDGA KELISHI VA RIVOJLANISH BOSQICHLARI
Creators: name: Sayfullayev, O'lmasjon
name: Kamolova, Sabina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur maqolada tergovga qadar tekshiruv jarayonida shaxsni himoya qilish huquqining vujudga kelishi va tarixiy shakllanishi bosqichlari yoritiladi. Qadimgi Sharq qonunchiligi, Rim huquqi, o‘rta asr sud tizimi, XVIII–XIX asrlardagi konstitutsiyaviy islohotlar hamda zamonaviy xalqaro standartlar asosida ushbu institutning rivojlanishi tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, shaxs huquqlarini himoya qilish mexanizmlarining huquqiy mohiyati, protsessual tamoyillari va ular asosidagi milliy qonunchilik bilan bog‘liqligi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada tarixiy izchillik asosida zamonaviy tergov amaliyotidagi himoya institutining huquqiy ildizlari ochib beriladi.
Graduate student action research to help fill gaps for formal engineering education for sustainable development program formation : vignettes as action
Creators: name: Jensen, Cory D.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Gaps in sustainability-focussed education at higher education institutions (HEI) provide opportunities for students to help guide academic administrations towards self-directed learning experiences that concomitantly enhance organizational change and expertise within HEIs. Sustainable development could be viewed similarly in affluent settings where, for example, technology improves efficiency or in Global South settings, where providing for equity is a focus. Action research (AR) is therefore a suitable applied research methodology, which is used appropriately can help to provide for feedback, evaluation, reflection, and ultimate improvement in a continuous fashion. AR can also support educational strategies such as ‘teaching-the-teachers’ scenarios and provide for needs in educational settings that are complimentary to forecast sustainable development needs. Outcomes from this research suggests that graduate student initiated AR efforts to promote HEI organizational change is an emerging field in ESD. In this paper the approach of AR is described generally but is highlighted as a central method illustrated by a number of diverse vignettes where it was applied. This research has also taken the approach that Boundary Objects and Boundary Work are required to promote action towards EESD curriculum re-development. Because this research was done by a graduate student who listened to peer needs, it is proposed that related endeavors could be carried forth in many global settings to support improvement of ESD and EESD degree programs. This calls for more detailed projects, collection of results-outcomes, and dissemination in the literature and implementation of the new, improved approaches in and throughout ESD and EESD degree programs.
Redox evolution of the crystallizing terrestrial magma ocean and its influence on atmosphere outgassing
Creators: name: Maurice, Maxime
name: Dasgupta, Rajdeep
name: Hassanzadeh, Pedram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magma oceans are episodes of large-scale melting of the mantle of terrestrial planets. The energy delivered by the Moon-forming impact induced a deep magma ocean on the young Earth, corresponding to the last episode of core-mantle equilibration. The crystallization of this magma ocean led to the outgassing of volatiles initially present in the Earth's mantle, resulting in the formation of a secondary atmosphere. During outgassing, the magma ocean acts as a chemical buffer for the atmosphere via the oxygen fugacity, set by the equilibrium between ferrous- and ferric-iron oxides in the silicate melts. By tracking the evolution of the oxygen fugacity during magma ocean solidification, we model the evolving composition of a C-O-H atmosphere. We use the atmosphere composition to calculate its thermal structure and radiative flux. This allows us to calculate the lifetime of the terrestrial magma ocean. We find that, upon crystallizing, the magma ocean evolves from a mildly reducing to a highly oxidized redox state, thereby transiting from a CO- and H2-dominated atmosphere to a CO2- and H2O-dominated one. We find the overall duration of the magma ocean crystallization to depend mostly on the bulk H content of the mantle, and to remain below 1.5 millions years for up to 9 Earth's water oceans' worth of H. Our model also suggests that reduced atmospheres emit lower infrared radiation than oxidized ones, despite of the lower greenhouse effect of reduced species, resulting in a longer magma ocean lifetime in the former case. Although developed for a deep magma ocean on Earth, the framework applies to all terrestrial planet and exoplanet magma oceans, depending on their volatile budgets.
description: 31 pages, 9+2 figures, accepted for publication in PSJ
Identification of a novel drug molecule for neurodegenerative disease from marine algae through in-silico analysis
Creators: name: Dhanabalan, Anantha Krishnan
name: Kumar, Praveen
name: Vasudevan, Saranya
name: Chworos, Arkadiusz
name: Velmurugan, Devadasan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Cognitive functions are lost due to the rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine including Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Marine algae-derived compounds were reported for their neuroprotective activities and hence they can be utilised for treating neurodegenerative ailments like Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease which are due to the loss of cognitive functions. Major attention is currently paid to seaweeds due to their health benefits and high nutritional values. Sea weeds are of a rich sense of natural bioactive compounds which antioxidants, pharmaceutical compounds, flavonoids and alkaloids. They also contain a high amount of vitamins A, D, E, C and Ca, K, Mg and Fe. Regular consumption of a marine algae-based diet may boost immunities. In searching for natural cholinesterase inhibitors, the present study is focussed on some marine bioactive compounds reported from brown, red and green algae. Molecular docking studies have been carried out along with molecular dynamics simulations studies and binding energy calculations resulting in three best bioactive compounds when AChE is used as the target. The results are compared with cocrystal studies. Two best compounds, namely, Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol and Phlorofucofuroeckol from the brown seaweeds are identified as the potential lead compounds for neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
Insilico screening to identify novel inhibitors targeting 30S ribosomal protein S12 in meningitis-causing organism ‘Elizabethkingia meningoseptica’
Creators: name: Girdhar, Neha
name: Yadav, Vikas
name: Kumari, Nilima
name: Subbarao, Naidu
name: Krishnamachari, Annangarachari
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The current trend in biomedical research is on prioritizing infections based on multidrug resistance. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, a nosocomial infection-causing organism emerging from Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), leads to neonatal meningitis and sepsis resulting in severe illness, and, in some cases, fatal. Finding a solution remains challenging due to limited prior work. Translational S12 ribosomal proteins play a crucial role in decoding the codon-anticodon helix, which is essential for the survival of E. meningoseptica. These proteins do not exhibit significant similarity with humans, making them potential drug targets. An in silico study aims to identify specific inhibitors for E. meningoseptica ribosomal proteins among known bioactive compounds targeting prokaryotic 30S ribosomal protein. A 3D model of the 7JIL_h protein from Flavobacterium johnsoniae, showing 90% sequence similarity with the target protein was generated using SWISS-MODEL software. The model was validated through Molprobity v4.4, VERIFY 3D, Errata, and ProSA analysis, confirming conserved residues of the target protein. Insilico screening of known bioactive compounds and their analogs identified potential ligands for the target protein. Molecular Docking and post-docking analysis assessed the stability of the protein-ligand complexes among the shortlisted compounds. The top two compounds with high Gold fitness scores and low predicted binding energy underwent MD simulation and further estimation of free binding energy using the MM_PBSA module. These computationally shortlisted compounds, namely chEMBL 1323619 and chEMBL 312490 may be considered for future in-vivo studies as potential inhibitors against the modeled 30S ribosomal protein S12 of E. meningoseptica.
In silico design, synthesis and antitubercular activity of novel 2-acylhydrazono-5-arylmethylene-4-thiazolidinones as enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitors
Creators: name: Birgül, Serap İpek Dingiş
name: Kumari, Jyothi
name: Tamhaev, Rasoul
name: Mourey, Lionel
name: Lherbet, Christian
name: Sriram, Dharmarajan
name: Akdemir, Atilla
name: Küçükgüzel, İlkay
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Mycobacteria regulate the synthesis of mycolic acid through the fatty acid synthase system type 1 (FAS I) and the fatty acid synthase system type-2 (FAS-II). Because mammalian cells exclusively utilize the FAS-I enzyme system for fatty acid production, targeting the FAS-II enzyme system could serve as a specific approach for developing selective antimycobacterial drugs. Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase enzyme (MtInhA), part of the FAS-II enzyme system, contains the NADH cofactor in its active site and reduces the intermediate. Molecular docking studies were performed on an in-house database (∼2200 compounds). For this study, five different crystal structures of MtInhA (PDB Code: 4TZK, 4BQP, 4D0S, 4BGE, 4BII) were used due to rotamer difference, mutation and the presence of cofactors. Molecular dynamics simulations (250 ns) were performed for the novel 2-acylhydrazono-5-arylmethylene-4-thiazolidinones derivatives selected by molecular docking studies. Twenty-three compounds selected by in silico methods were synthesized. Antitubercular activity and MtInhA enzyme inhibition studies were performed for compounds whose structures were elucidated by IR,1H-NMR,13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, MS and elemental analysis.
Reconfigurable quantum fluid molecules of bound states in the continuum
Creators: name: Gianfrate, Antonio
name: Sigurdsson, Helgi
name: Ardizzone, Vincenzo
name: Nguyen, Hai Chau
name: Riminucci, Fabrizio
name: Efthymiou-Tsironi, Maria
name: Baldwin, Kirk W.
name: Pfeiffer, Loren N.
name: Trypogeorgos, Dimitrios
name: De Giorgi, Milena
name: Ballarini, Dario
name: Nguyen, Hai Son
name: Sanvitto, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological bound states in the continuum are confined wave-mechanical objects that offer advantageous ways to enhance light-matter interactions in compact photonic devices. In particular, their large quality factor in the strong-coupling regime has recently enabled the demonstration of Bose-Einstein condensation of bound-state-in-the-continuum polaritons. Here, we show that condensation into a negative-mass bound state in the continuum exhibits interaction-induced state confinement, opening opportunities for optically reprogrammable molecular arrays of quantum fluids of light. We exploit this optical trapping mechanism to demonstrate that such molecular complexes show hybridization with macroscopic modes with unusual topological charge multiplicity. Additionally, we demonstrate the scalability of our technique by constructing extended mono- and diatomic chains of bound-state-in-the-continuum polariton fluids that display non-Hermitian band formation and the opening of a minigap. Our findings offer insights into large-scale, reprogrammable, driven, dissipative many-body systems in the strong-coupling regime.
Improving the Energy Efficiency of Compressed Air Systems by Use of Pressure Equalizing Modules
Creators: name: Rolland, Kai
name: Budt, Marcus
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: pressure equalizing modules
Air
Industry

description:  Fundamentals  Concept of isobaric storage on the basis of pressure equalizing modules (PEQM)
Sustainable development for engineers through a thematic restructuring of experiential learning
Creators: name: Winkelman, Paul M.
name: Penner, Jason
name: Beittoei, Ara
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Complex engineering projects often require interdisciplinary approaches and the ability to understand and navigate professional, cultural, social, and political contexts in order to find sustainable solutions. Piloted in 2011, the Faculty of Applied Science at the University of British Columbia offers APSC 461 and 462, Global Engineering Leadership, to better prepare graduates for a broader scope of engineering practice. The courses emphasize four key themes: leadership, ethical community engagement, participatory planning and understanding differences. These four themes provide a strong framework for student learning as they are intended to problematize the technical mindset of traditional engineering practice (e.g. linear and hierarchical thinking; a western, scientific worldview). In APSC 461, drawing on a pedagogy of Community-based Experiential Learning (CBEL), the four themes are explored through a series of talks (guest speakers, instructor), student-led discussions and workshops, and collaboration on a community project proposed by a local organization. Students further engage in the concepts through written reading responses and reflections. The preparation provided by the four themes becomes even more important for those who continue in the international service learning course module of APSC 462. This practicum is hosted by an agro-ecology centre in a rural community in Mexico. Anecdotal evidence suggests these themes support critical reflection and student preparedness to work with community partners. More formalized studies are required to properly assess the impact which will, in turn, inform future development of the courses.
Efficiency of membrane fusion inhibitors on different hemagglutinin subtypes: insight from a molecular dynamics simulation perspective
Creators: name: Nunthaboot, Nadtanet
name: Boonma, Thitiya
name: Rajchakom, Chananya
name: Nutho, Bodee
name: Rungrotmongkol, Thanyada
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The challenge in vaccine development, along with drug resistance issues, has encouraged the search for new anti-influenza drugs targeting different viral proteins. Hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein, crucial in the viral replication cycle, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. CBS1117 and JNJ4796 were reported to exhibit similar potencies against infectious group 1 influenza, which included H1 and H5 HAs; however, their potencies were significantly reduced against group 2 HA. This study aims to explore the molecular binding mechanisms and group specificity of these fusion inhibitors against both group 1 (H5) and group 2 (H3) HA influenza viruses using molecular dynamics simulations. CBS1117 and JNJ4796 exhibit stronger interactions with key residues within the H5 HA binding pocket compared to H3-ligand complexes. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions involving residues, such as H381, Q401, T3251 (H5-CBS1117), T3181 (H5-JNJ4796), W212, I452, V482, and V522 predominantly contribute to stabilizing H5-ligand systems. In contrast, these interactions are notably weakened in H3-inhibitor complexes. Predicted protein-ligand binding free energies align with experimental data, indicating CBS1117 and JNJ4796's preference for heterosubtypic group 1 HA binding. Understanding the detailed atomistic mechanisms behind the varying potencies of these inhibitors against the two HA groups can significantly contribute to the development and optimization of effective HA fusion inhibitors. To accomplish this, the knowledge of the transition of HA from its pre- to post-fusion states, the molecular size of ligands, and their potential binding regions, could be carefully considered.
A simulation-based approach to target Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase with marine compounds for antiviral development
Creators: name: Sharma, Pradeep
name: Moustafa, Mahmoud
name: Al-Shehri, Mohammed
name: Alotaibi, Faisal
name: Bhardwaj, Rima
name: Singh, Indrakant K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Despite significant efforts, currently, there is no particular drug available to treat Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, highlighting the urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. To identify putative inhibitors of the ZIKV RdRp protein’s RNA binding function, the present study applied an extensive in-silico drug discovery methodology. The initial phase involved virtual screening using Lipinski’s rule of five as a filter, ensuring the selection of molecules with favorable pharmacokinetic properties. This process yielded 238 compounds with promising docking scores, ranging from −6.0 to −7.48 kcal/mol, indicative of their potential binding affinity to the ZIKV RdRp. To refine the selection, these compounds underwent a re-docking process, comparing their binding energies with a reference molecule known for its inhibitory action against RdRp. Remarkably, five compounds, labeled CMNPD30598, CMNPD27464, CMNPD25971, CMNPD27444, and CMNPD16599, demonstrated superior re-docking energies compared to the reference, suggesting a stronger interaction with the RdRp allosteric site. Subsequent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provided insights into the stability of these complexes over time, reinforcing their potential as RdRp inhibitors. Additionally, the calculation of free binding energies and principal component analysis (PCA) of the free energy landscape offered a deeper understanding of the binding dynamics and energetics. This study not only highlights the utility of marine fungi compounds in antiviral drug discovery but also showcases the power of computational tools in identifying novel therapeutics. The identified compounds represent promising candidates for further experimental validation and development as ZIKV RdRp inhibitors.
title: A modification of the Beavers-Joseph condition for arbitrary flows to the fluid-porous interface
Creators: name: Strohbeck, Paula
name: Eggenweiler, Elissa
name: Rybak, Iryna
Publisher: name: Universität Stuttgart
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 510

description: Physically consistent coupling conditions at the fluid-porous interface with correctly determined effective parameters are necessary for accurate modeling and simulation of various applications. To describe single-fluid-phase flows in coupled free-flow and porous-medium systems, the Stokes/Darcy equations are typically used together with the conservation of mass across the interface, the balance of normal forces and the Beavers-Joseph condition on the tangential velocity. The latter condition is suitable for flows parallel to the interface but not applicable for arbitrary flow directions. Moreover, the value of the Beavers-Joseph slip coefficient is uncertain. In the literature, it is routinely set equal to one that is not correct for many applications, even if the flow is parallel to the porous layer. In this paper, we reformulate the generalized interface condition on the tangential velocity component, recently developed for arbitrary flows in Stokes/Darcy systems, such that it has the same analytical form as the Beavers-Joseph condition. We compute the effective coefficients appearing in this modified condition using theory of homogenization with boundary layers. We demonstrate that the modified Beavers-Joseph condition is applicable for arbitrary flow directions to the fluid-porous interface. In addition, we propose an efficient two-level numerical algorithm based on simulated annealing to compute the optimal Beavers-Joseph parameter. Article Highlights A modification of the Beavers-Joseph condition is proposed based on recently developed generalized coupling conditions. The Beavers-Joseph parameter can be found only for unidirectional flows. An efficient numerical algorithm to determine the optimal Beavers-Joseph parameter is developed.
Teaching sustainability in a six star green building
Creators: name: Best, Rick
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: The building that houses what was the School of Sustainable Development (now part of the Faculty of Society and Design) at Bond University on Queensland's Gold Coast opened in 2008 and was the first educational building in Australia to achieve the maximum six star rating under the Green Building Council of Australia's Green Star rating scheme. It serves as a living model of the potential that green building design offers as part of the push to reduce greenhouse emissions and as such has been a key element in the School's development. While it has served well as an exemplar it is not without its problems. In this reflective paper the author, an academic who has worked in the building for the past six years, looks at what has worked and what has not from the perspective of students and staff. A small number of semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives of both groups of users to ascertain opinions of those closest to the building.
From the Pitch to Linguistic Prestige: How Did Morocco’s World Cup Run Reshape Perceptions?
Creators: name: El Kourà, Safà
Publisher: name: Eurac Research
Year: 2025

description: The FIFA World Cup in Qatar was historic in many ways, but beyond the stadiums and the goals, one of the most striking linguistic and cultural moments of the tournament was the rise of Morocco’s national team—the Atlas Lions. Their journey to the semi-finals was more than just a football triumph; it was a linguistic and sociocultural phenomenon that elevated the visibility and identity of Moroccan Arabic (Darija) and Amazigh culture on a global scale.
shapefile for subzones of Singapore
Creators: name: huang, liping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 50205 Environmental Management
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 80501 Distributed and Grid Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This is the shapefile data for the subzone boundary of Singapore. It can also downloaded here: https://data.gov.sg/dataset/master-plan-2014-subzone-boundary-no-sea?resource_id=c30bfcc0-7e23-4959-b4d9-c5da5e00af54
มาตรฐานสากลในการสร้างความรับผิดชอบต่อสังคมของภาคธุรกิจกับหลักสิทธิมนุษยชนตามแนวทางของสหประชาชาติ
Creators: name: นิภาพร พุทธพงษ์
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยรังสิต
Year: 2016
Subjects: ความรับผิดชอบต่อสังคม, สิทธิมนุษยชน, เกษตรพันธะสัญญา, สหประชาชาติ

description: 2, 1, วารสารรังสิตบัณฑิตศึกษาในกลุ่มธุรกิจและสังคมศาสตร์
Curriculum Learning for ab initio Deep Learned Refractive Optics
Creators: name: Yang, Xinge
name: Fu, Qiang
name: Heidrich, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep optical optimization has recently emerged as a new paradigm for designing computational imaging systems using only the output image as the objective. However, it has been limited to either simple optical systems consisting of a single element such as a diffractive optical element (DOE) or metalens, or the fine-tuning of compound lenses from good initial designs. Here we present a DeepLens design method based on curriculum learning, which is able to learn optical designs of compound lenses ab initio from randomly initialized surfaces without human intervention, therefore overcoming the need for a good initial design. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by fully automatically designing both classical imaging lenses and a large field-of-view extended depth-of-field computational lens in a cellphone-style form factor, with highly aspheric surfaces and a short back focal length.
description: Automatically design computational lenses from scratch with differentiable ray tracing
Deciding Equations in the Time Warp Algebra
Creators: name: van Gool, Sam
name: Guatto, Adrien
name: Metcalfe, George
name: Santschi, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Join-preserving maps on the discrete time scale $ω^+$, referred to as time warps, have been proposed as graded modalities that can be used to quantify the growth of information in the course of program execution. The set of time warps forms a simple distributive involutive residuated lattice -- called the time warp algebra -- that is equipped with residual operations relevant to potential applications. In this paper, we show that although the time warp algebra generates a variety that lacks the finite model property, it nevertheless has a decidable equational theory. We also describe an implementation of a procedure for deciding equations in this algebra, written in the OCaml programming language, that makes use of the Z3 theorem prover.
Supplementary document for Phase-modulated continuous-wave coherent ranging method for optical phased array Lidar: supplementary material - 6098753.pdf
Creators: name: Zhang, Mingshi
name: Wang, Yubing
name: Zhang, Lanxuan
name: Hu, Qian
name: Zhao, Shuhua
name: Liang, Lei
name: Chen, Yongyi
name: li, Qin
name: Song, Junfeng
name: Wang, Lijun
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supplementary material 1
Die Rolle der Ösophagogastroduodenoskopie für die Vorsorge von Magen- und Duodenalkarzinomen bei Patienten mit Lynch Syndrom
Creators: name: Heydari, Zohal
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Lynch-Syndrom
subject: HNPCC
subject: Vorsorgeuntersuchung
subject: Ösophagogastroduodenoskopie
subject: Magenkarzinom
subject: Duodenalkarzinom
subject: ddc:610

description: Das Lynch-Syndrom ist ein erbliches Tumorsyndrom mit autosomal-dominanten Erbgang. Charakteristisch ist das erhöhte Lebenszeitrisiko für ein kolorektales Karzinom sowie weitere extrakolonische Tumore wie Endometrium-, Magen-, Dünndarm und andere Karzinome. Ursächlich für das Lynch-Syndrom ist eine pathogene Sequenzvariante in einem der bisher bekannten DNA-Mismatch-Reparaturgenen MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 und PMS2. Weiterhin können Deletionen in dem vor dem MSH2-Gen gelegenen EPCAM-Gen das Lynch Syndrom verursachen. In Deutschland wird von aktuell etwa 300.000 Trägern mit einer pathogenen Variante in einem DNA-Reparaturgen ausgegangen.
 Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die benignen und pathologischen Befunde der Vorsorge/Früherkennung des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts bei Lynch-Syndrom Patienten zu dokumentieren. Hierzu wurden Daten von 113 Patienten mit der molekulargenetisch gesicherten Diagnose Lynch-Syndrom in der Ambulanz für erbliche Tumorerkrankungen der Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik I des Universitätsklinikum Bonn prospektiv ausgewertet.
 Die endoskopischen Befunde des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts des Studienkollektivs lieferten eine Bestätigung der bisherigen Studien, dass vor allem die pathogene Variante MLH1- und MSH2-Gen bei Patienten mit Karzinomen im oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt auftreten. Es wurden zwei Magenkarzinome, zwei Duodenalkarzinome, vier Duodenaladenome und vier Magenadenome detektiert. Alle Adenom- und Karzinompatienten wiesen die pathogene Variante MLH1- und MSH2-Gen auf. Des Weiteren zeigten sich folgende pathologische Auffälligkeiten in unserem Patientenkollektiv ausgeprägter als in der bisherigen Literatur: Gastritiden, intestinale Metaplasie, Helicobacter Pylorie-Besiedlung und Barrett-Ösophagus.
 Es bedarf weiterer prospektiver Studien an größeren Patientenkollektiven, um risikostratifiziertere Früherkennungsstrategien zu ermitteln, die es ermöglicht, Magen- und Duodenalkarzinome zu detektieren.
title: Characterisation of polymorphic amyloid fibrils associated with disease and biological function by atomic force microscopy
Creators: name: Sanami, Sarina
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2024

description: The remarkable ability of some proteins with a single sequence to fold and assemble into b-sheet rich structures in diverse ways, a phenomenon often referred to as amyloid polymorphism, is a challenging and unresolved aspect of protein folding and assembly. Structural studies have brought insights into the structural differences in amyloid fibrils assembly and morphology, using cutting-edge imaging techniques. Although, structural polymorphism has been established for different amyloid fibrils, however, the structural polymorphism of individual amyloid fibril and the effect of polymorphism on their intrinsic stability remained unclear. Here, we characterised the degree of structural heterogeneity in α-synuclein wild type (WT) and two of its familial point mutations (A30P and A53T). We also evaluated the intrinsic stability of these morphologically different variants of α-synuclein amyloid fibril toward fragmentation. To further bring insights into our understanding about different types of amyloid fibrils, we explored polymorphism in well-studied yeast functional amyloid fibril, Sup35NM, and observed the impact of environmental factors on amyloid fibril assembly, morphology, and intrinsic stability toward fragmentation. Here, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the morphological properties of amyloid fibrils, and employed the recent advancement in AFM image analysis to quantitatively assess amyloid fibril polymorphism. Thioflavin T kinetic assay was also used to probe amyloid fibril assembly. Fibril polymorphism was observed across the different variants of α synuclein amyloid fibrils and that mutation in precursor protein can substantially affect the rate of kinetic as well as structural diversity. The data showed that amyloid formed in vitro from these A30P and A53T α-synuclein variants is more resistant towards 2 fragmentation. Furthermore, we presented structural polymorphism of Sup35NM amyloid fibril polymorphism and the activation of heat shock 104 (Hsp104) in cell extract may inhibit fibrilization and lead to formation of morphologically distinct amyloid fibril, in comparison to the fibrils assembled in buffer or cell extract, before treated with heat shock the effect of (Hsp104). In summary, this work demonstrates how physiological and environmental factors affect different amyloid fibrils morphology and their stability.
Reinforcement Learning Aided Sequential Optimization for Unsignalized Intersection Management of Robot Traffic
Creators: name: G., Nishchal Hoysal
name: Tallapragada, Pavankumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider the problem of optimal unsignalized intersection management, wherein we seek to obtain safe and optimal trajectories, for a set of robots that arrive randomly and continually. This problem involves repeatedly solving a mixed integer program (with robot acceleration trajectories as decision variables) with different parameters, for which the computation time using a naive optimization algorithm scales exponentially with the number of robots and lanes. Hence, such an approach is not suitable for real-time implementation. In this paper, we propose a solution framework that combines learning and sequential optimization. In particular, we propose an algorithm for learning a shared policy that given the traffic state information, determines the crossing order of the robots. Then, we optimize the trajectories of the robots sequentially according to that crossing order. This approach inherently guarantees safety at all times. We validate the performance of this approach using extensive simulations and compare our approach against $5$ different heuristics from the literature in $9$ different simulation settings. Our approach, on average, significantly outperforms the heuristics from the literature in various metrics like objective function, weighted average of crossing times and computation time. For example, in some scenarios, we have observed that our approach offers up to $150\%$ improvement in objective value over the first come first serve heuristic. Even on untrained scenarios, our approach shows a consistent improvement (in objective value) of more than $30\%$ over all heuristics under consideration. We also show through simulations that the computation time for our approach scales linearly with the number of robots (assuming all other factors are constant). Learnt policies are implemented on physical robots with slightly modified framework to address real-world challenges.
description: 19 pages, 35 figures
title: Der mechanische Ileus
title: Retrospektiver Vergleich der Morbidität und Mortalität zwischen geriatrischen und nicht-geriatrischen Patienten
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Paul, Christian Josef Joachim
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ileus
subject: Notfalloperation
subject: Dickdarmileus
subject: Dünndarmileus
subject: mechanischer Ileus
subject: maligner Ileus
subject: geriatrisch
subject: Triage-Schnitt-Zeit
subject: ddc:610

description: Bei der vorliegenden Dissertation handelt es sich um eine retrospektive Analyse von zwei Kohorten, die aufgrund eines mechanischen Ileus operativ versorgt wurden und die aufgrund des Alters in geriatrische Patienten (Alter ab 75 Jahren) und nicht-geriatrische Patienten (Alter 40 - 74 Jahre) eingeteilt wurden. Hierbei sollte insbesondere ein Vergleich der Mortalität zwischen den beiden Gruppen erfolgen. Außerdem wurde die Morbidität in Abhängigkeit vom Alter analysiert und es erfolgte eine weiterführende Analyse der geriatrischen Patienten. Es wurden alle Patienten, die im Universitätsklinikum Bonn zwischen 2009 und 2019 aufgrund eines mechanischen Ileus operativ versorgt wurden und den entsprechenden Altersgruppen angehörten, in die Analyse mit einbezogen. Es konnten in diesem Zeitraum 224 nicht-geriatrische und 88 geriatrische Patienten ermittelt werden.
 Es stellte sich heraus, dass die geriatrischen Patienten eine höhere Mortalität, Komplikationsrate und Liegezeit als die nicht-geriatrischen Patienten aufwiesen. Es zeigten sich keine Unterschiede bei der Rate an Re-Operationen, Darmresektionen und Stomaanlagen. Die Triage-Schnitt-Zeit unterschied sich nur bei Patienten, die an einem Dünndarmileus litten, und war hier bei den geriatrischen Patienten kürzer.
 Die Analysen unterstützen Daten aus der Literatur, die das Alter als Risikofaktor bei notfallmäßig durchgeführten Operationen bei Patienten mit mechanischem Ileus werten. Insbesondere zeigen die Daten, dass auch bei geriatrischen Patienten mit einem Alter über 75 Jahren eine initial beobachtende und supportive Strategie vor einer operativen Versorgung gerechtfertigt ist, da das Outcome der Patienten eher abhängig von Vorerkrankungen, Alter und Typ des mechanischen Ileus zu sein scheint als von der Triage-Schnitt-Zeit. Die Zeit von Symptombeginn bis Einweisung ins Krankenhaus könnte für Patienten mit mechanischem Ileus entscheidender sein als die Zeit von Triage bis Schnitt und dürfte ein interessantes Untersuchungsziel für zukünftige, prospektive Studien sein.
 Die weiterführende Analyse der geriatrischen Patienten zeigt, dass insbesondere kardial vorerkrankte Patienten präoperativ optimal eingestellt werden sollten, um längere Liegezeiten auf der Intensivstation und höhere Komplikationsraten zu verhindern. Geriatrische Patienten ab 75 Jahren, die an einem Dickdarmileus litten, wiesen eine erhöhte 30-Tage-Mortalität auf und sind somit eine Patientengruppe von besonderem Interesse. Es dürfte sinnvoll sein, diese Patienten bereits in der Notaufnahme als Hochrisikopatienten zu identifizieren, um schnellstmöglich eine adäquate Therapie zu gewährleisten.
Constructing Deterministic Parity Automata from Positive and Negative Examples
Creators: name: Bohn, León
name: Löding, Christof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a polynomial time algorithm that constructs a deterministic parity automaton (DPA) from a given set of positive and negative ultimately periodic example words. We show that this algorithm is complete for the class of $ω$-regular languages, that is, it can learn a DPA for each regular $ω$-language. For use in the algorithm, we give a definition of a DPA, that we call the precise DPA of a language, and show that it can be constructed from the syntactic family of right congruences for that language (introduced by Maler and Staiger in 1997). Depending on the structure of the language, the precise DPA can be of exponential size compared to a minimal DPA, but it can also be a minimal DPA. The upper bound that we obtain on the number of examples required for our algorithm to find a DPA for $L$ is therefore exponential in the size of a minimal DPA, in general. However we identify two parameters of regular $ω$-languages such that fixing these parameters makes the bound polynomial.
description: 47 pages, TheoretiCS article
RES4CITY Case Study: Urban Sustainability: Green Materials and Recycling in Construction (Short version)
Creators: name: University of Sassari
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: building sector
material recovery
sustainable renovation
resource efficiency
sassari
italy
case study

description: Focusing on the building sector, this case study analysed the renovation potential of a complex of abandoned urban industrial buildings in Sassari, Italy, considering embodied energy and carbon related to existing materials and their potential recovery. The results reveal a substantial material recovery potential, ranging from 25%-35% to 65%-75%. In addition, the type of insulation material used showed a relevant impact on embodied energy and carbon recovery rates, with cork having the potential to reduce overall embodied energy and carbon.
Wide-angle effects in the galaxy bispectrum
Creators: name: Pardede, Kevin
name: Di Dio, Enea
name: Castorina, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial non-Gaussianities (PNG) leave unique signatures in the bispectrum of the large-scale structure. With upcoming galaxy surveys set to improve PNG constraints by at least one order of magnitude, it is important to account for any potential contamination. In our work we show how to include wide-angle effects into the 3-dimensional observed galaxy bispectrum. We compute the leading wide-angle corrections to the monopole, finding that they could mimic local PNG with an amplitude of $f_{\rm NL} = \mathcal{O}\left( 0.1 \right)$. We also compute the dipole induced by wide-angle effects, whose amplitude is a few-percent of the flat-sky monopole. We estimate that wide-angle effects in the monopole can be safely neglected for survey volumes of the order of $8~\mathrm{Gpc}^3 h^{-3}$, while the dipole can start being detected from surveys probing volumes larger than $50~\mathrm{Gpc}^3 h^{-3}$. Our formalism can be readily adapted to realistic survey geometries and to include relativistic effects, which may become relevant at high redshifts.
description: 11+15 pages, 6 figures. v2: minor modifications to match published version
Positivity-hardness results on Markov decision processes
Creators: name: Piribauer, Jakob
name: Baier, Christel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.3

description: This paper investigates a series of optimization problems for one-counter Markov decision processes (MDPs) and integer-weighted MDPs with finite state space. Specifically, it considers problems addressing termination probabilities and expected termination times for one-counter MDPs, as well as satisfaction probabilities of energy objectives, conditional and partial expectations, satisfaction probabilities of constraints on the total accumulated weight, the computation of quantiles for the accumulated weight, and the conditional value-at-risk for accumulated weights for integer-weighted MDPs. Although algorithmic results are available for some special instances, the decidability status of the decision versions of these problems is unknown in general. The paper demonstrates that these optimization problems are inherently mathematically difficult by providing polynomial-time reductions from the Positivity problem for linear recurrence sequences. This problem is a well-known number-theoretic problem whose decidability status has been open for decades and it is known that decidability of the Positivity problem would have far-reaching consequences in analytic number theory. So, the reductions presented in the paper show that an algorithmic solution to any of the investigated problems is not possible without a major breakthrough in analytic number theory. The reductions rely on the construction of MDP-gadgets that encode the initial values and linear recurrence relations of linear recurrence sequences. These gadgets can flexibly be adjusted to prove the various Positivity-hardness results.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.11441
Isolated Suborders and their Application to Counting Closure Operators
Creators: name: Glück, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the interplay between isolated suborders and closures. Isolated suborders are a special kind of suborders and can be used to diminish the number of elements of an ordered set by means of a quotient construction. The decisive point is that there are simple formulae establishing relationships between the number of closures in the original ordered set and the quotient thereof induced by isolated suborders. We show how these connections can be used to derive a recursive algorithm for counting closures, provided the ordered set under consideration contains suitable isolated suborders.
An Analysis of Tennenbaum's Theorem in Constructive Type Theory
Creators: name: Hermes, Marc
name: Kirst, Dominik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tennenbaum's theorem states that the only countable model of Peano arithmetic (PA) with computable arithmetical operations is the standard model of natural numbers. In this paper, we use constructive type theory as a framework to revisit, analyze and generalize this result. The chosen framework allows for a synthetic approach to computability theory, exploiting that, externally, all functions definable in constructive type theory can be shown computable. We then build on this viewpoint, and furthermore internalize it by assuming a version of Church's thesis, which expresses that any function on natural numbers is representable by a formula in PA. This assumption provides for a conveniently abstract setup to carry out rigorous computability arguments, even in the theorem's mechanization. Concretely, we constructivize several classical proofs and present one inherently constructive rendering of Tennenbaum's theorem, all following arguments from the literature. Concerning the classical proofs in particular, the constructive setting allows us to highlight differences in their assumptions and conclusions which are not visible classically. All versions are accompanied by a unified mechanization in the Coq proof assistant.