cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Beyond the disk: EUV coronagraphic observations of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board Solar Orbiter
Creators: name: Auchère
name: F.
name: Berghmans
name: D.
name: Dumesnil
name: C.
name: Halain
name: -P., J.
name: Mercier
name: R.
name: Rochus
name: P.
name: Delmotte
name: F.
name: François
name: S.
name: Hermans
name: A.
name: Hervier
name: V.
name: Kraaikamp
name: E.
name: Meltchakov
name: E.
name: Morinaud
name: G.
name: Philippon
name: A.
name: Smith
name: J., P.
name: Stegen
name: K.
name: Verbeeck
name: C.
name: Zhang
name: Y., X.
name: Andretta
name: V.
name: Abbo
name: L.
name: Buchlin
name: E.
name: Frassati
name: F.
name: Gissot
name: S.
name: Gyo
name: M.
name: Harra
name: L.
name: Jerse
name: G.
name: Landini
name: F.
name: Mierla
name: M.
name: Nicula
name: B.
name: Parenti
name: S.
name: Renotte
name: E.
name: Romoli
name: M.
name: Russano
name: G.
name: Sasso
name: C.
name: Schühle
name: U.
name: Schmutz
name: W.
name: Soubrié
name: E.
name: Susino
name: R.
name: Teriaca
name: L.
name: West
name: M.
name: Zhukov
name: N, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most observations of the solar corona beyond 2 Rs consist of broadband visible light imagery from coronagraphs. The associated diagnostics mainly consist of kinematics and derivations of the electron number density. While the measurement of the properties of emission lines can provide crucial additional diagnostics of the coronal plasma (temperatures, velocities, abundances, etc.), these observations are comparatively rare. In visible wavelengths, observations at these heights are limited to total eclipses. In the VUV range, very few additional observations have been achieved since the pioneering results of UVCS. One of the objectives of the Full Sun Imager (FSI) channel of the EUI telescope on board the Solar Orbiter mission has been to provide very wide field-of-view EUV diagnostics of the morphology and dynamics of the solar atmosphere in temperature regimes that are typical of the lower transition region and of the corona. FSI carries out observations in two narrowbands of the EUV spectrum centered on 17.4 nm and 30.4 nm that are dominated, respectively, by lines of Fe IX/X (formed in the corona around 1 MK) and by the resonance line of He II (formed around 80 kK in the lower transition region). Unlike previous EUV imagers, FSI includes a moveable occulting disk that can be inserted in the optical path to reduce the amount of instrumental stray light to a minimum. FSI detects signals at 17.4 nm up to the edge of its FOV (7~Rs), which is about twice further than was previously possible. Comparisons with observations by the LASCO and Metis coronagraphs confirm the presence of morphological similarities and differences between the broadband visible light and EUV emissions, as documented on the basis of prior eclipse and space-based observations. The very-wide-field observations of FSI are paving the way for future dedicated instruments.
Nonlinear Model Reduction to Fractional and Mixed-Mode Spectral Submanifolds
Creators: name: Haller, George
name: Kaszás, Bálint
name: Liu, Aihui
name: Axås, Joar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A primary spectral submanifold (SSM) is the unique smoothest nonlinear continuation of a nonresonant spectral subspace $E$ of a dynamical system linearized at a fixed point. Passing from the full nonlinear dynamics to the flow on an attracting primary SSM provides a mathematically precise reduction of the full system dynamics to a very low-dimensional, smooth model in polynomial form. A limitation of this model reduction approach has been, however, that the spectral subspace yielding the SSM must be spanned by eigenvectors of the same stability type. A further limitation has been that in some problems, the nonlinear behavior of interest may be far away from the smoothest nonlinear continuation of the invariant subspace $E$. Here we remove both of these limitations by constructing a significantly extended class of SSMs that also contains invariant manifolds with mixed internal stability types and of lower smoothness class arising from fractional powers in their parametrization. We show on examples how fractional and mixed-mode SSMs extend the power of data-driven SSM reduction to transitions in shear flows, dynamic buckling of beams and periodically forced nonlinear oscillatory systems. More generally, our results reveal the general function library that should be used beyond integer-powered polynomials in fitting nonlinear reduced-order models to data.
description: To appear in Chaos
Phenomenology of Irreversible Processes from Gravity
Creators: name: Iyer, Ramakrishnan
name: Mukhopadhyay, Ayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that the space-time evolution of strongly coupled matter formed by ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions can be modelled by phenomenological equations involving the energy-momentum tensor and conserved currents alone. These equations can describe the late stage of local chemical and thermal equilibration of the matter formed after collisions, and its subsequent transition to hydrodynamic expansion in an unified framework. The full set of equations include local energy, momentum and charge conservation; but also additional equations for evolution of non-equilibrium variables. These equations with precisely determined phenomenological parameters can be obtained by the AdS/CFT correspondence. On the gravity side of this correspondence, for vanishing chemical potentials, these phenomenological equations give all solutions of pure gravity in AdS which have regular future horizons. We also discuss field-theoretic grounds for validity of these phenomenological equations.
description: 4 pages; Proceedings of the EPS-HEP Conference, 21-27 July 2011, Grenoble; Proceedings of "XXIst International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics"
Optimal, minimax and admissible two-stage design for phase II oncology clinical trials
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Optimal design
Minimax design
Admissible design

description: © 2020 The Author(s). Background: The article aims to compare the efficiency of minimax, optimal and admissible criteria in Simon's and Fleming's two-stage design. Methods: Three parameter settings (p 1-p 0 = 0.25-0.05, 0.30-0.10, 0.50-0.30) are designed to compare the maximum sample size, the critical values and the expected sample size for minimax, optimal and admissible designs. Type I & II error constraints (α, β) vary across (0.10, 0.10), (0.05, 0.20) and (0.05, 0.10), respectively. Results: In both Simon's and Fleming's two-stage designs, the maximum sample size of admissible design is smaller than optimal design but larger than minimax design. Meanwhile, the expected samples size of admissible design is smaller than minimax design but larger than optimal design. Mostly, the maximum sample size and expected sample size in Fleming's designs are considerably smaller than that of Simon's designs. Conclusions: Whenever (p 0, p 1) is pre-specified, it is better to explore in the range of probability q, based on relative importance between maximum sample size and expected sample size, and determine which design to choose. When q is unknown, optimal design may be more favorable for drugs with limited efficacy. Contrarily, minimax design is recommended if treatment demonstrates impressive efficacy.
Caregiver Influences on Eating Behaviors in Young Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: AHA Scientific Statements
appetite regulation
caregivers
child
preschool
pediatric obesity
satiation

description: A substantial body of research suggests that efforts to prevent pediatric obesity may benefit from targeting not just what a child eats, but how they eat. Specifically, child obesity prevention should include a component that addresses reasons why children have differing abilities to start and stop eating in response to internal cues of hunger and satiety, a construct known as eating self-regulation. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding how caregivers can be an important influence on children's eating self-regulation during early childhood. First, we discuss the evidence supporting an association between caregiver feeding and child eating self-regulation. Second, we discuss what implications the current evidence has for actions caregivers may be able to take to support children's eating self-regulation. Finally, we consider the broader social, economic, and cultural context around the feeding environment relationship and how this intersects with the implementation of any actions. As far as we are aware, this is the first American Heart Association (AHA) scientific statement to focus on a psychobehavioral approach to reducing obesity risk in young children. It is anticipated that the timely information provided in this review can be used not only by caregivers within the immediate and extended family but also by a broad range of community-based care providers.
A Fully Flexible Valve Actuation System for internal combustion engines
Creators: name: Zhao, Junfeng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Air pollution, global warming, and rising gasoline prices have lead governments, environmental organizations, and consumers to pressure the automotive industry to improve the fuel efficiency of cars. Since alternative fuels such as hydrogen are still quite far from being commercially viable, improving the existing internal combustion engine is still an important priority. Traditional internal combustion engines use a camshaft to control valve timing. Since the camshaft is rigidly linked to the crankshaft, engineers can optimize the camshaft only for one particular speed torque combination. All other engine operating points will suffer from a suboptimal compromise of torque output, fuel efficiency, and emissions. In an engine with a camless valve actuation system, valve events are controlled independently of crankshaft rotation. As a result, fuel consumption and emissions may be reduced by 15%~20% and torque output is enhanced in a wide range of engine speeds. The Fully Flexible Valve Actuation (FFVA) system is our approach to construct a camless valve actuation system. Within the limits of the dynamic bandwidth of the system, it allows for fully user definable valve trajectories that can be adapted to any need of the combustion process. The system is able to achieve 8mm valve lift in 3.4ms, which is suitable for an engine operating at 6000RPM. The valve seating velocity is similar to conventional valve trains that achieve 0.2m/s at high engine speeds and 0.05m/s at engine idle conditions. Finally, the energy consumption measured in an experimental test bed matches the friction losses of conventional valve trains and it can further be improved by using an optimized motor. This thesis describes the progress that has been made towards designing this technology. A design methodology is derived and important operation features of the mechanism are explained. Modeling and simulation results show significant advantages of the FFVA over previously designed electromagnetic engine valve drives.
Quantum version of transport coefficients in Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model at finite temperature and strong magnetic field
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Aritra
name: Ghosh, Snigdha
name: Farias, Ricardo L. S.
name: Ghosh, Sabyasachi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have estimated parallel and perpendicular components of electrical conductivity and shear viscosity of quark matter at finite magnetic field and temperature by using their one-loop Kubo expressions in the framework of Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. At finite magnetic field, a non-trivial medium dependence of those quantities can be found. Previously these NJL-profiles have been addressed in relaxation time approximation, where cyclotron motion of quarks with medium dependent mass plays the key role. With respect to the earlier estimations, the present work provides further enriched profiles via Kubo framework, where field theoretical descriptions of quark transport with medium dependent mass and (Landau) quantized energy have been identified as the key ingredients. Hence the present study can be considered as the complete quantum field theoretical description of the transport coefficients in the framework of NJL model at finite temperature and magnetic field.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
On the Density profile slope of Clusters of Galaxies
Creators: name: Del Popolo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present paper extends to clusters of galaxies the study of Del Popolo (2012), concerning how the baryon-dark matter (DM) interplay shapes the density profile of dwarf galaxies. Cluster density profiles are determined taking into account dynamical friction, random and ordered angular momentum and the response of dark matter halos to condensation of baryons. We find that halos containing only DM are characterized by Einasto's profiles, and that the profile flattens with increasing content of baryons, and increasing values of random angular momentum. The analytical results obtained in the first part of the paper were applied to well studied clusters whose inner profiles have slopes flatter than NFW predictions (A611, A383) or are characterized by profiles in agreement with the NFW model (MACS J1423.8+2404, RXJ1133). By using independently-measured baryonic fraction, a typical spin parameter value $λ\simeq 0.03$, and adjusting the random angular momentum, we re-obtain the mass and density profiles of the quoted clusters. Finally, we show that the baryonic mass inside $\simeq 10$ kpc, $M_{b,in}$ is correlated with the total mass of the clusters, %finding a correlation among the two quantities, as $M_{b,in} \propto M_{500}^{0.4}$.
description: 16 pages; 4 figures; MNRAS, accepted
Calculation of multiplet and bond energies by the HFS- method
Creators: name: Ziegler, Tom
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: TN 693 T7 Z52 1978 Microfiche
subject: Transition metal compounds
subject: Chemical bonds

description: Bibliography: p. 7, 27-28, 70-72, 90-91, 126, 151.
Catalytic prior distributions with application to generalized linear models
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Bayesian priors
synthetic data
stable estimation
predictive distribution
regularization

description: © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. A catalytic prior distribution is designed to stabilize a high-dimensional “working model” by shrinking it toward a “simplified model.” The shrinkage is achieved by supplementing the observed data with a small amount of “synthetic data” generated from a predictive distribution under the simpler model. We apply this framework to generalized linear models, where we propose various strategies for the specification of a tuning parameter governing the degree of shrinkage and study resultant theoretical properties. In simulations, the resulting posterior estimation using such a catalytic prior outperforms maximum likelihood estimation from the working model and is generally comparable with or superior to existing competitive methods in terms of frequentist prediction accuracy of point estimation and coverage accuracy of interval estimation. The catalytic priors have simple interpretations and are easy to formulate.
A relativistic two-stream instability in an extremely low-density plasma
Creators: name: Koide, Shinji
name: Takahashi, Masaaki
name: Takahashi, Rohta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A linear analysis based on two-fluid equations in the approximation of a cold plasma, wherein the plasma temperature is assumed to be zero, demonstrates that a two-stream instability occurs in all cases. However, if this were true, the drift motion of electrons in an electric current over a wire would become unstable, inducing an oscillation in an electric circuit with ions bounded around specific positions. To avoid this peculiar outcome, we must assume a warm plasma with a finite temperature when discussing the criterion of instability. The two-stream instability in warm plasmas has typically been analyzed using kinetic theory to provide a general formula for the instability criterion from the distribution function of the plasma. However, the criteria based on kinetic theory do not have an easily applicable form. Here, we provide an easily applicable criterion for the instability based on the two-fluid model at finite temperatures, extensionally in the framework of special relativity. This criterion is relevant for analyzing two-stream instabilities in low-density plasmas in the universe and in Earth-based experimental devices.
description: 18pages, 4 figures, accepted for pubblication on PoP
Awesome SOSS: Transmission Spectroscopy of WASP-96b with NIRISS/SOSS
Creators: name: Radica, Michael
name: Welbanks, Luis
name: Espinoza, Néstor
name: Taylor, Jake
name: Coulombe, Louis-Philippe
name: Feinstein, Adina D.
name: Goyal, Jayesh
name: Scarsdale, Nicholas
name: Albert, Loic
name: Baghel, Priyanka
name: Bean, Jacob L.
name: Blecic, Jasmina
name: Lafrenière, David
name: MacDonald, Ryan J.
name: Zamyatina, Maria
name: Allart, Romain
name: Artigau, Étienne
name: Batalha, Natasha E.
name: Cook, Neil James
name: Cowan, Nicolas B.
name: Dang, Lisa
name: Doyon, René
name: Fournier-Tondreau, Marylou
name: Johnstone, Doug
name: Line, Michael R.
name: Moran, Sarah E.
name: Mukherjee, Sagnick
name: Pelletier, Stefan
name: Roy, Pierre-Alexis
name: Talens, Geert Jan
name: Filippazzo, Joseph
name: Pontoppidan, Klaus
name: Volk, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The future is now - after its long-awaited launch in December 2021, JWST began science operations in July 2022 and is already revolutionizing exoplanet astronomy. The Early Release Observations (ERO) program was designed to provide the first images and spectra from JWST, covering a multitude of science cases and using multiple modes of each on-board instrument. Here, we present transmission spectroscopy observations of the hot-Saturn WASP-96b with the Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph, observed as part of the ERO program. As the SOSS mode presents some unique data reduction challenges, we provide an in-depth walk-through of the major steps necessary for the reduction of SOSS data: including background subtraction, correction of 1/f noise, and treatment of the trace order overlap. We furthermore offer potential routes to correct for field star contamination, which can occur due to the SOSS mode's slitless nature. By comparing our extracted transmission spectrum with grids of atmosphere models, we find an atmosphere metallicity between 1x and 5x solar, and a solar carbon-to-oxygen ratio. Moreover, our models indicate that no grey cloud deck is required to fit WASP-96b's transmission spectrum, but find evidence for a slope shortward of 0.9$μ$m, which could either be caused by enhanced Rayleigh scattering or the red wing of a pressure-broadened Na feature. Our work demonstrates the unique capabilities of the SOSS mode for exoplanet transmission spectroscopy and presents a step-by-step reduction guide for this new and exciting instrument.
description: MNRAS, in press. Updated to reflect published version
Ultrafast surface carrier dynamics in the topological insulator Bi2Te3
Creators: name: Hajlaoui, M.
name: Papalazarou, E.
name: Mauchain, J.
name: Lantz, G.
name: Moisan, N.
name: Boschetto, D.
name: Jiang, Z.
name: Miotkowski, I.
name: Chen, Y. P.
name: Taleb-Ibrahimi, A.
name: Perfetti, L.
name: Marsi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the ultrafast evolution of the surface electronic structure of the topological insulator Bi$_2$Te$_3$ following a femtosecond laser excitation. Using time and angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, we provide a direct real-time visualisation of the transient carrier population of both the surface states and the bulk conduction band. We find that the thermalization of the surface states is initially determined by interband scattering from the bulk conduction band, lasting for about 0.5 ps; subsequently, few ps are necessary for the Dirac cone non-equilibrium electrons to recover a Fermi-Dirac distribution, while their relaxation extends over more than 10 ps. The surface sensitivity of our measurements makes it possible to estimate the range of the bulk-surface interband scattering channel, indicating that the process is effective over a distance of 5 nm or less. This establishes a correlation between the nanoscale thickness of the bulk charge reservoir and the evolution of the ultrafast carrier dynamics in the surface Dirac cone.
Amygdala subnuclei volume in bipolar spectrum disorders: Insights from diffusion-based subsegmentation and a high-risk design
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: amygdala
bipolar disorder
diffusion-based subsegmentation
gray matter volume
high-risk design
morphometry

description: © 2020 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Amygdala abnormalities are widely documented in bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD). Amygdala volume typically is measured after BSD onset; thus, it is not known whether amygdala abnormalities predict BSD risk or relate to the disorder. Additionally, past literature often treated the amygdala as a homogeneous structure, and did not consider its distinct subnuclei and their differential connectivity to other brain regions. To address these issues, we used a behavioral high-risk design and diffusion-based subsegmentation to examine amygdala subnuclei among medication-free individuals with, and at risk for, BSD. The behavioral high-risk design (N = 114) included low-risk (N = 37), high-risk (N = 47), and BSD groups (N = 30). Diffusion-based subsegmentation of the amygdala was conducted to determine whether amygdala volume differences related to particular subnuclei. Individuals with a BSD diagnosis showed greater whole, bilateral amygdala volume compared to Low-Risk individuals. Examination of subnuclei revealed that the BSD group had larger volumes compared to the High-Risk group in both the left medial and central subnuclei, and showed larger volume in the right lateral subnucleus compared to the Low-Risk group. Within the BSD group, specific amygdala subnuclei volumes related to time since first episode onset and number of lifetime episodes. Taken together, whole amygdala volume analyses replicated past findings of enlargement in BSD, but did not detect abnormalities in the high-risk group. Examination of subnuclei volumes detected differences in volume between the high-risk and BSD groups that were missed in the whole amygdala volume. Results have implications for understanding amygdala abnormalities among individuals with, and at risk for, a BSD.
Assessing the Veterans Health Administration's response to intimate partner violence among women: Protocol for a randomized hybrid type 2 implementation-effectiveness trial
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Intimate partner violence
Primary care
Screening
Stepped wedge
Women Veterans

description: © 2020 The Author(s). Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in the United States (US) remains a complex public health crisis. Women who experience IPV are among the most vulnerable patients seen in primary care. Screening increases the detection of IPV and, when paired with appropriate response interventions, can mitigate the health effects of IPV. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has encouraged evidence-based IPV screening programs since 2014, yet adoption is modest and questions remain regarding the optimal ways to implement these practices, which are not yet available within the majority of VA primary care clinics. Methods/design: This paper describes the planned evaluation of VA's nationwide implementation of IPV screening programs in primary care clinics through a randomized implementation-effectiveness hybrid type 2 trial. With the support of our VA operational partners, we propose a stepped wedge design to compare the impact of two implementation strategies of differing intensities (toolkit + implementation as usual vs. toolkit + implementation facilitation) and investigate the clinical effectiveness of IPV screening programs. Using balanced randomization, 16-20 VA Medical Centers will be assigned to receive implementation facilitation in one of three waves, with implementation support lasting 6 months. Implementation facilitation in this effort consists of the coordinated efforts of the two types of facilitators, external and internal. Implementation facilitation is compared to dissemination of a toolkit plus implementation as usual. We propose a mixed methods approach to collect quantitative (clinical records data) and qualitative (key informant interviews) implementation outcomes, as well as quantitative (clinical records data) clinical effectiveness outcomes. We will supplement these data collection methods with provider surveys to assess discrete implementation strategies used before, during, and following implementation facilitation. The integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework will guide the qualitative data collection and analysis. Summative data will be analyzed using the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Discussion: This research will advance national VHA efforts by identifying the practices and strategies useful for enhancing the implementation of IPV screening programs, thereby ultimately improving services for and health of women seen in primary care. Trial registration: NCT04106193. Registered on 23 September 2019.
Early Dark Energy with Power-law F(R) Gravity
Creators: name: Odintsov, Sergei D.
name: Oikonomou, V. K.
name: Sharov, German S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a power-law $F(R)$ gravity with an early dark energy term, that can describe both the early-time and the late-time acceleration of the Universe. We confront this scenario with recent observational data including the Pantheon Type Ia supernovae, measurements of the Hubble parameter $H(z)$ (Cosmic Chronometers), data from Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and standard rulers data from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. The model demonstrates some achievements in confronting with these observations and can be compared with the $Λ$-Cold-Dark-Matter model. In particular, in both models we obtain very close estimates for the Hubble constant $H_0$, but it is not true for $Ω_m^0$. The early dark energy term supports viability of the considered $F(R)$ gravity model.
description: PLB Accepted
3DG: A Framework for Using Generative AI for Handling Sparse Learner Performance Data From Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Creators: name: Zhang, Liang
name: Lin, Jionghao
name: Borchers, Conrad
name: Cao, Meng
name: Hu, Xiangen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning performance data (e.g., quiz scores and attempts) is significant for understanding learner engagement and knowledge mastery level. However, the learning performance data collected from Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) often suffers from sparsity, impacting the accuracy of learner modeling and knowledge assessments. To address this, we introduce the 3DG framework (3-Dimensional tensor for Densification and Generation), a novel approach combining tensor factorization with advanced generative models, including Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT), for enhanced data imputation and augmentation. The framework operates by first representing the data as a three-dimensional tensor, capturing dimensions of learners, questions, and attempts. It then densifies the data through tensor factorization and augments it using Generative AI models, tailored to individual learning patterns identified via clustering. Applied to data from an AutoTutor lesson by the Center for the Study of Adult Literacy (CSAL), the 3DG framework effectively generated scalable, personalized simulations of learning performance. Comparative analysis revealed GAN's superior reliability over GPT-4 in this context, underscoring its potential in addressing data sparsity challenges in ITSs and contributing to the advancement of personalized educational technology.
Bogoliubov space of a Bose--Einstein condensate and quantum spacetime fluctuations
Creators: name: Rivas, J. I.
name: Camacho, A.
name: Goeklue, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work we consider the role that metric fluctuations could have upon the properties of a Bose--Einstein condensate. In particular we consider the Bogoliubov space associated to it and show that there are, at least, two independent ways in which the average size of these metric fluctuations could be, experimentally, determined. Indeed, we prove that the pressure and the speed of sound of the ground state define an expression allowing us to determine the average size of these fluctuations. Afterwards, an interferometric experiment involving Bogoliubov excitations of the condensate and the pressure (or the speed of sound of the ground state) provides a second and independent way in which this average size could be determined, experimentally.
Efficient targeted integration directed by short homology in zebrafish and mammalian cells
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: CRISPR/Cas9
developmental biology
end joining
genetics
genomics
human
knock-in
pig fibroblasts
targeted integration
zebrafish

description: © Wierson et al. Efficient precision genome engineering requires high frequency and specificity of integration at the genomic target site. Here, we describe a set of resources to streamline reporter gene knock-ins in zebrafish and demonstrate the broader utility of the method in mammalian cells. Our approach uses short homology of 24–48 bp to drive targeted integration of DNA reporter cassettes by homology-mediated end joining (HMEJ) at high frequency at a double strand break in the targeted gene. Our vector series, pGTag (plasmids for Gene Tagging), contains reporters flanked by a universal CRISPR sgRNA sequence which enables in vivo liberation of the homology arms. We observed high rates of germline transmission (22–100%) for targeted knock-ins at eight zebrafish loci and efficient integration at safe harbor loci in porcine and human cells. Our system provides a straightforward and cost-effective approach for high efficiency gene targeting applications in CRISPR and TALEN compatible systems.
Yellow Wattle Public School's Case Study: Leading research use in a school
Creators: name: Gleeson, Jo
name: Cutler, Blake
name: Hall, Genevieve
name: Rickinson, Mark
name: Walsh, Lucas
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Teacher education and professional development of educators
Professional education and training
Educational administration, management and leadership

description: This practitioner case study shares the journey of Yellow Wattle Public School (YWPS) and how the executive leaders collectively supported the quality use of research across their school.
 YWPS’s case study was developed by the Monash Q Project (2019-2023) and published as part of the resources for the Quality Use of Research Evidence (QURE) Assessment Tool – a confidential online questionnaire enabling educators and education system leaders, as individuals or as a group, to reflect upon and assess their use of research in their practice.
Existence and Uniqueness of Weak Solutions to Frictionless-Antiplane Contact Problems
Creators: name: Fadlia, Besma
name: Dalah, Mohamed
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 74F15, 74M10, 74M15, 49J40

description: We investigate a quasi-static-antiplane contact problem, examining a thermo-electro-visco-elastic material with a friction law dependent on the slip rate, assuming that the foundation is electrically conductive. The mechanical problem is represented by a system of partial differential equations, and establishing its solution involves several key steps. Initially, we obtain a variational formulation of the model, which comprises three systems: a hemivariational inequality, an elliptic equation, and a parabolic equation. Subsequently, we demonstrate the existence of a unique weak solution to the model. The proof relies on various arguments, including those related to evolutionary inequalities, techniques for decoupling unknowns, and certain results from differential equations.
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is published Open Access in 'Mathematics', at [https://doi.org/10.3390/math12030434]. Cite this paper as: Fadlia, B.; Dalah, M.; Torres, D.F.M. Existence and Uniqueness of Weak Solutions to Frictionless-Antiplane Contact Problems. Mathematics 12 (2024), no. 3, Art. 434
Unique individualism of Marcel Duchamp as illustrated in his life and art
Creators: name: Liske, Neil James
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: ND 553 D774 L55 1970
subject: Duchamp, Marcel, 1887-1968
subject: Art, modern - 20th Century

description: Bibliography: p. 51-55.
description: The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate that the life-style and art of Marcel Duchamp is unique in his development in relation to modern society. Trends that were set in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are important background to Marcel Duchamp's work. Writings in literature, politics, philosophy, and the natural sciences contributed important discoveries and insights into the way man was living and developing because of industrialization. The arts, however, lagged behind in fully comprehending and utilizing the new elements within this rapidly changing process. By the turn of the twentieth century artistic reactions were developing against limited areas of society, but the majority of this work was still done in a traditional framework. Marcel Duchamp was among the few who made a very dominant and radical break with tradition by analyzing elements within society and then illustrating that they did have a significance outside the conventional level of acceptance. His approach was unique in that he objectively contradicted the obvious, and applied an element of doubt to even the most secure and rational elements of science. His approach was intellectual, his major concern individualism, and humour was his most effective tool in uncovering the high seriousness that is so prevalent in modern society. To Marcel Duchamp, art became a way of life. In conclusion, it is hoped that some of his philosophy and attitudes in this regard can be validated to the degree that they may serve as useful guide lines as long as they can be applied to contemporary times.
Complete flavor decomposition of the spin and momentum fraction of the proton using lattice QCD simulations at physical pion mass
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: hep-lat
hep-ex
hep-ph
nucl-ex
nucl-th

description: © 2020 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP 3 We evaluate the gluon and quark contributions to the spin of the proton using an ensemble of gauge configurations generated at physical pion mass. We compute all valence and sea quark contributions to high accuracy. We perform a nonperturbative renormalization for both quark and gluon matrix elements. We find that the contribution of the up, down, strange, and charm quarks to the proton intrinsic spin is 12q=u,d,s,cΔςq+=0.191(15) and to the total spin q=u,d,s,cJq+=0.285(45)(10). The gluon contribution to the spin is Jg=0.187(46)(10) yielding J=Jq+Jg=0.473(71)(14) confirming the spin sum. The momentum fraction carried by quarks in the proton is found to be 0.618(60) and by gluons 0.427(92), the sum of which gives 1.045(118) confirming the momentum sum rule. All scale and scheme dependent quantities are given in the MS¯ scheme at 2 GeV.
Methanotrophic bacterial symbionts fuel dense populations of deep-sea feather duster worms (Sabellida, Annelida) and extend the spatial influence of methane seepage
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020

description: Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Deep-sea cold seeps are dynamic sources of methane release and unique habitats supporting ocean biodiversity and productivity. Here, we describe newly discovered animal-bacterial symbioses fueled by methane, between two species of annelid (a serpulid Laminatubus and sabellid Bispira) and distinct aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the Methylococcales, localized to the host respiratory crown. Worm tissue δ13C of −44 to −58% are consistent with methane-fueled nutrition for both species, and shipboard stable isotope labeling experiments revealed active assimilation of 13C-labeled methane into animal biomass, which occurs via the engulfment of methanotrophic bacteria across the crown epidermal surface. These worms represent a new addition to the few animals known to intimately associate with methane-oxidizing bacteria and may further explain their enigmatic mass occurrence at 150–million year–old fossil seeps. High-resolution seafloor surveys document significant coverage by these symbioses, beyond typical obligate seep fauna. These findings uncover novel consumers of methane in the deep sea and, by expanding the known spatial extent of methane seeps, may have important implications for deep-sea conservation.
Shearless curve breakup in the biquadratic nontwist map
Creators: name: Grime, Gabriel C.
name: Roberto, Marisa
name: Viana, Ricardo L.
name: Elskens, Yves
name: Caldas, Iberê L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Nontwist area-preserving maps violate the twist condition along shearless invariant curves, which act as transport barriers in phase space. Recently, some plasma models have presented multiple shearless curves in phase space and these curves can break up independently. In this paper, we describe the different shearless curve breakup scenarios of the so-called biquadratic nontwist map, a recently proposed area-preserving map derived from a plasma model, that captures the essential behavior of systems with multiple shearless curves. Three different scenarios are found and their dependence on the system parameters is analyzed. The results indicate a relation between shearless curve breakup and periodic orbit reconnection-collision sequences. In addition, even after a shearless curve breakup, the remaining curves inhibit global transport.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
The Structure of Chromatic Polynomials of Planar Triangulation Graphs and Implications for Chromatic Zeros and Asymptotic Limiting Quantities
Creators: name: Shrock, Robert
name: Xu, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 05C15, 05C31, 82B20

description: We present an analysis of the structure and properties of chromatic polynomials $P(G_{pt,\vec m},q)$ of one-parameter and multi-parameter families of planar triangulation graphs $G_{pt,\vec m}$, where ${\vec m} = (m_1,...,m_p)$ is a vector of integer parameters. We use these to study the ratio of $|P(G_{pt,\vec m},τ+1)|$ to the Tutte upper bound $(τ-1)^{n-5}$, where $τ=(1+\sqrt{5} \ )/2$ and $n$ is the number of vertices in $G_{pt,\vec m}$. In particular, we calculate limiting values of this ratio as $n \to \infty$ for various families of planar triangulations. We also use our calculations to study zeros of these chromatic polynomials. We study a large class of families $G_{pt,\vec m}$ with $p=1$ and $p=2$ and show that these have a structure of the form $P(G_{pt,m},q) = c_{_{G_{pt}},1}λ_1^m + c_{_{G_{pt}},2}λ_2^m + c_{_{G_{pt}},3}λ_3^m$ for $p=1$, where $λ_1=q-2$, $λ_2=q-3$, and $λ_3=-1$, and $P(G_{pt,\vec m},q) = \sum_{i_1=1}^3 \sum_{i_2=1}^3 c_{_{G_{pt}},i_1 i_2} λ_{i_1}^{m_1}λ_{i_2}^{m_2}$ for $p=2$. We derive properties of the coefficients $c_{_{G_{pt}},\vec i}$ and show that $P(G_{pt,\vec m},q)$ has a real chromatic zero that approaches $(1/2)(3+\sqrt{5} \ )$ as one or more of the $m_i \to \infty$. The generalization to $p \ge 3$ is given. Further, we present a one-parameter family of planar triangulations with real zeros that approach 3 from below as $m \to \infty$. Implications for the ground-state entropy of the Potts antiferromagnet are discussed.
description: 57 pages, latex, 15 figures
Structural Competency: Curriculum for Medical Students, Residents, and Interprofessional Teams on the Structural Factors That Produce Health Disparities
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cultural Competency
Cultural Humility
Diversity
Health Disparities
Health Equity
Inclusion
Racism
Social Determinants of Health
Structural Competency
Structural Determinants of Health
Structural Violence

description: Copyright © 2020 Neff et al. Introduction: Research on disparities in health and health care has demonstrated that social, economic, and political factors are key drivers of poor health outcomes. Yet the role of such structural forces on health and health care has been incorporated unevenly into medical training. The framework of structural competency offers a paradigm for training health professionals to recognize and respond to the impact of upstream, structural factors on patient health and health care. Methods: We report on a brief, interprofessional structural competency curriculum implemented in 32 distinct instances between 2015 and 2017 throughout the San Francisco Bay Area. In consultation with medical and interprofessional education experts, we developed open-ended, written-response surveys to qualitatively evaluate this curriculum's impact on participants. Qualitative data from 15 iterations were analyzed via directed thematic analysis, coding language, and concepts to identify key themes. Results: Three core themes emerged from analysis of participants' comments. First, participants valued the curriculum's focus on the application of the structural competency framework in real-world clinical, community, and policy contexts. Second, participants with clinical experience (residents, fellows, and faculty) reported that the curriculum helped them reframe how they thought about patients. Third, participants reported feeling reconnected to their original motivations for entering the health professions. Discussion: This structural competency curriculum fills a gap in health professional education by equipping learners to understand and respond to the role that social, economic, and political structural factors play in patient and community health.
Cluster model of 12C in density functional theory framework
Creators: name: Umar, A. S.
name: Godbey, K.
name: Simenel, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ the constrained density functional theory to investigate cluster phenomena for the $^{12}$C nucleus. The proton and neutron densities are generated from the placement of three $^{4}$He nuclei (alpha particles) geometrically. These densities are then used in a density constrained Hartree-Fock calculation that produces an antisymmetrized state with the same densities through energy minimization. In the calculations no \textit{a priori} analytic form for the single-particle states is assumed and the full energy density functional is utilized. The geometrical scan of the energy landscape provides the ground state of $^{12}$C as an equilateral triangular configuration of three alphas with molecular bond like structures. The use of the nucleon localization function provides further insight to these configurations. One can conclude that these configurations are a hybrid between a pure mean-field and a pure alpha particle condensate. This development could facilitate DFT based fusion calculations with a more realistic $^{12}$C ground state.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. C
Divalent triazole‐linked carbohydrate mimetics: Synthesis by click chemistry and evaluation as selectin ligands
Creators: name: Salta, Joana
name: Reissig, Hans‐Ulrich
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: alkynes
subject: azides
subject: carbohydrate mimetics
subject: click chemistry
subject: selectin inhibitors
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::547 Organische Chemie

description: Starting from an enantiopure 3‐amino‐substituted pyran derivative, the synthesis of a series of divalent 1,2,3‐triazole‐linked carbohydrate mimetics is described. The preparation of the required 3‐azido‐substituted pyran proceeds smoothly by copper‐catalyzed diazo transfer. Using different conditions for the Huisgen‐Meldal‐Sharpless cycloaddition, this azide reacts with several diynes to furnish the desired divalent carbohydrate mimetics bearing rigid or flexible linker units. The in situ generation of the 3‐azidopyran in the presence of Cu/C as catalyst followed by the reaction with the alkyne allows a direct one‐pot transformation from the 3‐aminopyran to the desired click products. We also examined the Sakai‐Westermann method that transfers primary amines with the aid of α,α‐dichlorotosylhydrazones into 1,2,3‐triazoles. These copper‐free click conditions were applied for the first time to the preparation of a divalent compound. The O‐sulfation of the carbohydrate mimetics was achieved using the SO3‐DMF complex under careful 1H‐NMR control. Five polysulfated compounds could be obtained in pure form and these were tested by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy as inhibitors of L‐selectin giving IC50 values between 45 nm and 50 µm .