cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Getting started: How a supersonic stellar wind is initiated from a hydrostatic surface
Creators: name: Owocki, Stan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most of a star's mass is bound in a hydrostatic equilibrium in which pressure balances gravity. But if at some near-surface layer additional outward forces overcome gravity, this can transition to a supersonic, outflowing wind, with the sonic point, where the outward force cancels gravity, marking the division between hydrostatic atmosphere and wind outflow. This talk will review general issues with such transonic initiation of a stellar wind outflow, and how this helps set the wind mass loss rate. The main discussion contrasts the flow initiation in four prominent classes of steady-state winds: (1) the pressure-driven coronal wind of the sun and other cool stars; (2) line-driven winds from OB stars; (3) a two-stage initiation model for the much denser winds from Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars; and (4) the slow "overflow" mass loss from highly evolved giant stars. A follow on discussion briefly reviews eruptive mass loss, with particular focus on the giant eruption of eta Carinae.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures; to appear in proceedings of IAUS 366, "The Origin of Outflows from Evolved Stars", Leen Decin and Clio Gielen, editors
title: Χωρικοί περιορισμοί για την ανάδειξη ανεξάρτητων συνιστωσών σε ηλεκτροεγκεφαλογράφημα
Creators: name: Γιαννικάκη Ειρήνη
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2011

description: Μη διαθέσιμο
Learning High-Dimensional Parametric Maps via Reduced Basis Adaptive Residual Networks
Creators: name: O'Leary-Roseberry, Thomas
name: Du, Xiaosong
name: Chaudhuri, Anirban
name: Martins, Joaquim R. R. A.
name: Willcox, Karen
name: Ghattas, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a scalable framework for the learning of high-dimensional parametric maps via adaptively constructed residual network (ResNet) maps between reduced bases of the inputs and outputs. When just few training data are available, it is beneficial to have a compact parametrization in order to ameliorate the ill-posedness of the neural network training problem. By linearly restricting high-dimensional maps to informed reduced bases of the inputs, one can compress high-dimensional maps in a constructive way that can be used to detect appropriate basis ranks, equipped with rigorous error estimates. A scalable neural network learning framework is thus to learn the nonlinear compressed reduced basis mapping. Unlike the reduced basis construction, however, neural network constructions are not guaranteed to reduce errors by adding representation power, making it difficult to achieve good practical performance. Inspired by recent approximation theory that connects ResNets to sequential minimizing flows, we present an adaptive ResNet construction algorithm. This algorithm allows for depth-wise enrichment of the neural network approximation, in a manner that can achieve good practical performance by first training a shallow network and then adapting. We prove universal approximation of the associated neural network class for $L^2_ν$ functions on compact sets. Our overall framework allows for constructive means to detect appropriate breadth and depth, and related compact parametrizations of neural networks, significantly reducing the need for architectural hyperparameter tuning. Numerical experiments for parametric PDE problems and a 3D CFD wing design optimization parametric map demonstrate that the proposed methodology can achieve remarkably high accuracy for limited training data, and outperformed other neural network strategies we compared against.
Radial-recombination for rigid rotational alignment of images and volumes
Creators: name: Rangan, Aaditya V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.3; G.1.10

description: A common task in single particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) is the rigid alignment of images and/or volumes. In the context of images, a rigid alignment involves estimating the inner-product between one image of $N\times N$ pixels and another image that has been translated by some displacement and rotated by some angle $γ$. In many situations the number of rotations $γ$ considered is large (e.g., $\mathcal{O}(N)$), while the number of translations considered is much smaller (e.g., $\mathcal{O}(1)$). In these scenarios a naive algorithm requires $\mathcal{O}(N^{3})$ operations to calculate the array of inner-products for each image-pair. This computation can be accelerated by using a fourier-bessel basis and the fast-fourier-transform (FFT), requiring only $\mathcal{O}(N^2)$ operations per image-pair. We propose a simple data-driven compression algorithm to further accelerate this computation, which we refer to as the `radial-SVD'. Our approach involves linearly-recombining the different rings of the original images (expressed in polar-coordinates), taking advantage of the singular-value-decomposition (SVD) to choose a low-rank combination which both compresses the images and optimizes a certain measure of angular discriminability. When aligning multiple images to multiple targets, the complexity of our approach is $\mathcal{O}(N(\log(N)+H))$ per image-pair, where $H$ is the rank of the SVD used in the compression above. The advantage gained by this approach depends on the ratio between $H$ and $N$; the smaller $H$ is the better. In many applications $H$ can be quite a bit smaller than $N$ while still maintaining accuracy. We present numerical results in a cryo-EM application demonstrating that the radial- and degree-SVD can help save a factor of $5$--$10$ for both image- and volume-alignment.
description: 36 pages, 12 figures
Nano-scale simulation of neuronal damage by galactic cosmic rays
Creators: name: Peter, Jonah S.
name: Schuemann, Jan
name: Held, Kathryn D.
name: McNamara, Aimee L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The effects of complex, mixed-ion radiation fields on neuronal function remain largely unexplored. Here, we present a complete analysis of the nano-scale physics associated with broad-spectrum galactic cosmic ray (GCR) irradiation in a realistic cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) pyramidal neuron geometry. We simulate the entire 33 ion-energy beam fluence distribution currently in use at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory galactic cosmic ray simulator (GCRSim). We use the TOol for PArticle Simulation (TOPAS) and TOPAS-nBio Monte Carlo-based track structure simulation toolkits to assess the dosimetry, physics processes, and fluence statistics of different neuronal compartments at the nanometer scale. We also make comparisons between the full GCRSim distribution and a simplified 6 ion-energy spectrum (SimGCRSim). We show that across all physics processes, ionizations mediate the majority of the energy deposition $(68 \pm 1\%)$, though vibrational excitations are the most abundant ($70 \pm 2\%$ of all energy deposition events). We report that neuronal energy deposition by proton and $α$-particle tracks declines approximately hyperbolically with increasing primary particle energy at mission-relevant energies. We also demonstrate an inverted exponential relationship between dendritic segment irradiation probability and neuronal absorbed dose. Finally, we find that there are no significant differences in the average physical responses between the GCRSim and SimGCRSim fluence distributions. To our knowledge, this is the first nano-scale simulation study of a realistic neuron geometry using the GCRSim and SimGCRSim fluence distributions. The results presented here are expected to aid in the interpretation of future experimental results and help guide future study designs.
description: 37 pages, 16 figures
Self-consistent Description of Bose-Bose Droplets: Modified Gapless Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Method
Creators: name: Zin, Paweł
name: Pylak, Maciej
name: Idziaszek, Zbigniew
name: Gajda, Mariusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a formalism of a self-consistent description of the ground state of a weakly interacting Bose system, accounting for higher order terms in expansion of energy in the diluteness parameter. The approach is designed to be applied to a Bose-Bose mixture in a regime of weak collapse where quantum fluctuations lead to stabilization of the system and formation of quantum liquid droplets. The approach is based on the Generalized Gross -- Pitaevskii equation accounting for quantum depletion and anomalous density terms. The equation is self-consistently coupled to modified Bogoliubov equations. The modification we introduce resolves the longstanding issue of missing phonon-branch excitations when higher order terms are included. Our method ensures a gapless phononic low-energy excitation spectrum, crucial to correctly account for quantum fluctuations. We pay particular attention to the case of droplets harmonically confined in some directions. The method allows to determine the Lee-Huang-Yang-type contribution to the chemical potential of inhomogeneous droplets when the local density approximation fails.
title: Ανάπτυξη μεθοδολογίας και συστήματος υποστήριξης αποφάσεων συγκριτικής αξιολόγησης ιστοσελίδων
Creators: name: Μπούτσης Παναγιώτης
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2011

description: Μη διαθέσιμο
title: Βέλτιστος σχεδιασμός φωτοβολταϊκών συστημάτων σε ένα χώρο με βάση οικονομικά και περιβαλλοντικά κριτήρια
Creators: name: Παπασταύρου Χαράλαμπος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2011

description: Μη διαθέσιμο
Approximate Model Counting: Is SAT Oracle More Powerful than NP Oracle?
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Diptarka
name: Chakraborty, Sourav
name: Kumar, Gunjan
name: Meel, Kuldeep S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Given a Boolean formula $ϕ$ over $n$ variables, the problem of model counting is to compute the number of solutions of $ϕ$. Model counting is a fundamental problem in computer science with wide-ranging applications. Owing to the \#P-hardness of the problems, Stockmeyer initiated the study of the complexity of approximate counting. Stockmeyer showed that $\log n$ calls to an NP oracle are necessary and sufficient to achieve $(\varepsilon,δ)$ guarantees. The hashing-based framework proposed by Stockmeyer has been very influential in designing practical counters over the past decade, wherein the SAT solver substitutes the NP oracle calls in practice. It is well known that an NP oracle does not fully capture the behavior of SAT solvers, as SAT solvers are also designed to provide satisfying assignments when a formula is satisfiable, without additional overhead. Accordingly, the notion of SAT oracle has been proposed to capture the behavior of SAT solver wherein given a Boolean formula, an SAT oracle returns a satisfying assignment if the formula is satisfiable or returns unsatisfiable otherwise. Since the practical state-of-the-art approximate counting techniques use SAT solvers, a natural question is whether an SAT oracle is more powerful than an NP oracle in the context of approximate model counting. The primary contribution of this work is to study the relative power of the NP oracle and SAT oracle in the context of approximate model counting. The previous techniques proposed in the context of an NP oracle are weak to provide strong bounds in the context of SAT oracle since, in contrast to an NP oracle that provides only one bit of information, a SAT oracle can provide $n$ bits of information. We therefore develop a new methodology to achieve the main result: a SAT oracle is no more powerful than an NP oracle in the context of approximate model counting.
Functional Renormalisation for $f(R_{μνρσ})$ Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Kluth, Yannick
name: Litim, Daniel F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive new functional renormalisation group flows for quantum gravity, in any dimension. The key new achievement is that the equations apply for any theory of gravity whose underlying Lagrangian $\sim f(R_{μνρσ})$ is a function of the Riemann tensor and the inverse metric. The results centrally exploit the benefits of maximally symmetric spaces for the evaluation of operator traces. The framework is highly versatile and offers a wide range of new applications to study quantum gravitational effects in extensions of Einstein gravity, many of which have hitherto been out of reach. The phase diagram and sample flows for Einstein-Hilbert gravity, Gauss-Bonnet, and selected higher-order theories of gravity are given. We also provide an algorithm to find the flow for general polynomial Riemann curvature interactions. The setup vastly enhances the reach of fixed point searches, enabling novel types of search strategies including across the operator space spanned by polynomial curvature invariants, and in extensions of general relativity relevant for cosmology. Further implications, and links with unimodular versions of gravity are indicated.
description: 49 pages, 3 figures, v2: clarifications added, typos removed, to appear with PRD
Constraints on New Neutrino Interactions via Light Abelian Vector Bosons
Creators: name: Laha, Ranjan
name: Dasgupta, Basudeb
name: Beacom, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate new constraints on extra neutrino interactions via light Abelian vector bosons, where the boson mass arises from Stuckelberg mechanism. We use the requirement that $Z$, $W$, and kaon decays, as well as electron-neutrino scattering, are not altered by the new interactions beyond what is allowed by experimental uncertainties. These constraints are strong and apply to neutrinophilic dark matter, where interactions of neutrinos and dark matter via a new gauge boson are important. In particular, we show that models where neutrino interactions are needed to solve the small-scale structure problems in the $Λ$CDM cosmology are constrained.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Changes made as per referee requests. Published version
Government Briefing: Incorporating Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) into Investment Approval Processes
Creators: name: Dudine, Kelly
name: Szoke-Burke, Sam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Investments--Government policy
Community development
Land use--Planning--Citizen participation

description: Investment approval processes are the gateway through which governments set the agenda for their country’s investment environment. Yet too often these processes fail to incorporate meaningful requirements regarding participation in decision-making by Indigenous and other affected communities, increasing the risk of under-performing and conflict-ridden investments. Enabling meaningful participation by rights holders and obtaining and maintaining their Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) throughout different investment approval processes can help governments to fulfill their legal obligations, mitigate financial and political risk, and, ultimately, attract more sustainable land-based investments. Featuring concrete guidance and drawing on case studies from Kenya, Liberia, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, and Sierra Leone, this briefing explains how governments can incorporate FPIC and meaningful consultation into each stage of the investment, namely: 1. Creating an enabling environment and attracting the right investors 2. Registration of intent and screening 3. Community consultations and impact assessments 4. Permits, contract negotiation, and approval 5. Throughout the life of the project For further information on incorporating FPIC into contract negotiations, see our working paper on Mechanisms for Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent in the Negotiation of Investment Contracts.
Canonical quantization of modified non-gauge invariant Einstein-Maxwell gravity and stability of spherically symmetric electrostatic stars
Creators: name: Ghaffarnejad, Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a non-minimally coupled Einstein-Maxwell gravity with no $U(1)$ symmetry property to study stability of an electrostatic star via canonical quantization approach and obtain that the stability is free of gauge field effects. By calculating the Hamiltonian density of the stellar system we show that the corresponding Wheeler-DeWitt wave functional is similar to a simple harmonic quantum Oscillator for which a non zero ADM mass of the system causes a quantization condition on the metric fields. Probability wave packets are described by the Hermit polynomials. Our mathematical calculations show that in this approach of quantum gravity the metric fields are regular for all values of the electric potential and so the quantized spacetime has not both of event and apparent horizons. The most probability of the quantized line element is for ground state of the system. To check validation of the model we use Bohr`s correspondence principal and generate directly semi classical approach of the quantized metric states at large quantum numbers where they reach to Schwarzschild like metric according to the Birkhoff's theorem. Also we check that the generated semi classical solutions are satisfied exact classical metric solutions which are obtained from Euler Lagrange equations. We show that `charge to mass ratio` of the electrostatic star is a constant defined by the coupling constant of the model and it is in accord to other alternative approaches.
Standard Model prediction for paramagnetic EDMs
Creators: name: Ema, Yohei
name: Gao, Ting
name: Pospelov, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard Model $CP$ violation associated with the phase of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix is known to give small answers for the EDM observables. Moreover, predictions for the EDMs of neutrons and diamagnetic atoms suffer from considerable uncertainties. We point out that the $CP$-violating observables associated with the electron spin (paramagnetic EDMs) are dominated by the combination of the electroweak penguin diagrams and $ΔI =1/2$ weak transitions in the baryon sector, and are calculable within chiral perturbation theory. The predicted size of the semileptonic operator $C_S$ is $7\times 10^{-16}$ which corresponds to the equivalent electron EDM $d_e^{\rm eq} = 1.0 \times 10^{-35}e\,{\rm cm}$. While still far from the current observational limits, this result is three orders of magnitude larger than previously believed.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. v2: an overall sign error fixed and references added
Graviton Corrections to Vacuum Polarization during Inflation
Creators: name: Leonard, Katie E.
name: Woodard, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use dimensional regularization to compute the one loop quantum gravitational contribution to the vacuum polarization on de Sitter background. Adding the appropriate BPHZ counterterms gives a fully renormalized result which can be used to quantum correct Maxwell's equations. We use the Hartree approximation to argue that the electric field strengths of photons experience a secular suppression during inflation.
description: 36 pages, 1 figure, uses LaTeX 2e, version 2 corrects a number of significant errors, version 3 corrects a number of typos and presents the (unchanged) final result in a more compact form
title: Examining the Impact of Home Purchase Restrictions on China’s Housing Market
Creators: name: Lu, Zhentong
name: Zhang, Sisi
name: Hong, Jian
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2021

description: How do “cooling measures” in the housing market—policies aimed to stabilize prices—affect the market? We use a structural model of housing demand and price competition among developers to evaluate China’s home purchase restriction policies implemented in 2010–11.

description: Comment le marché de l’habitation réagit-il aux mesures destinées à stabiliser les prix des logements? Nous utilisons un modèle structurel de la demande de logement et de la concurrence des prix entre promoteurs immobiliers pour évaluer les effets des restrictions sur l’achat de logements instaurées en 2010-2011 en Chine.
Returns from Marketing Cottonseed and Soybean Oils in Margarine
Creators: name: Farnworth, Virginia M.
name: Farnworth, Virginia M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1961
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts from the report: Widely held interest in spreads between the price of farm products and the price of consumer goods produced from farm products led Congress to designate certain marketing research funds for studies of marketing margins. This study of price spreads for margarine is one of several similar studies of important food products undertaken by the Economic Research Service in this area of research. The objective of this study is to provide information on the margins covering payments for services provided by marketing agencies in transforming soybean and cottonseed oils into margarine and distributing margarine to consumers. Margarine is retailed over a wide range of selling prices reflecting different brands, location of consuming areas, and various other factors. Therefore, average marketing margins summarize payments to manufacturing and marketing agencies functioning under diverse market situations. This analysis examines margins associated with brands, retail outlets, and regions that are not usually covered in other margin reports published by the Department of Agriculture.
Rank One Perturbations Supported by Hybrid Geometries and Their Deformations
Creators: name: Erman, Fatih
name: Seymen, Sema
name: Turgut, Osman Teoman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hybrid type of rank one perturbations in $\mathbb{R}^2$ and $\mathbb{R}^3$, where the perturbation supported by a circle/sphere is considered together with the delta potential supported by a point outside of the circle/sphere. The construction of the self-adjoint Hamiltonian operator associated with the formal expressions for the rank one perturbation supported by a circle and by a point is explicitly given. The bound state energies and scattering properties for each problem are also studied. Finally, we consider the rank one perturbation supported by a deformed circle/sphere and show that the first order change in the bound state energies under small deformations of the circle/sphere has a simple geometric interpretation. Finally, we consider the delta potentials supported by deformed circle/sphere and show that the first order change in the bound state energies under small deformations of circle/sphere has a simple geometric interpretation.
description: 31 pages, 14 figures, typos corrected, new references added, title changed due to the suggestion of the referee, published version
Singular superspaces
Creators: name: Alldridge, Alexander
name: Hilgert, Joachim
name: Wurzbacher, Tilmann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a wide category of superspaces, called locally finitely generated, which properly includes supermanifolds but enjoys much stronger permanence properties, as are prompted by applications. Namely, it is closed under taking finite fibre products (i.e. is finitely complete) and thickenings by spectra of Weil superalgebras. Nevertheless, in this category, morphisms with values in a supermanifold are still given in terms of coordinates. This framework gives a natural notion of relative supermanifolds over a locally finitely generated base. Moreover, the existence of inner homs, whose source is the spectrum of a Weil superalgebra, is established; they are generalisations of the Weil functors defined for smooth manifolds.
description: v3: final version prior to publication, examples added, corrections, numbering adapted, 47 pages, Math. Z. (2014)
Automated and Secure Onboarding for System of Systems
Creators: name: Maksuti, Silia
name: Bicaku, Ani
name: Zsilak, Mario
name: Ivkić, Igor
name: Péceli, Bálint
name: Singler, Gábor
name: Kovács, Kristóf
name: Tauber, Markus
name: Delsing, Jerger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly changing the number of connected devices and the way they interact with each other. This increases the need for an automated and secure onboarding procedure for IoT devices, systems and services. Device manufacturers are entering the market with internet connected devices, ranging from small sensors to production devices, which are subject of security threats specific to IoT. The onboarding procedure is required to introduce a new device in a System of Systems (SoS) without compromising the already onboarded devices and the underlying infrastructure. Onboarding is the process of providing access to the network and registering the components for the first time in an IoT/SoS framework, thus creating a chain of trust from the hardware device to its hosted software systems and their provided services. The large number and diversity of device hardware, software systems and running services raises the challenge to establish a generic onboarding procedure. In this paper, we present an automated and secure onboarding procedure for SoS. We have implemented the onboarding procedure in the Eclipse Arrowhead framework. However, it can be easily adapted for other IoT/SoS frameworks that are based on Service-oriented Architecture (SoA) principles. The automated onboarding procedure ensures a secure and trusted communication between the new IoT devices and the Eclipse Arrowhead framework. We show its application in a smart charging use case and perform a security assessment.
description: IEEE Access
Non-integer OAM beam shifts of Hermite-Laguerre-Gaussian beams
Creators: name: Nugrowati, A. M.
name: Woerdman, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the effect of non-integer Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) on OAM enhanced beam shifts, for in-plane (Goos-Hanchen) and out-of-plane (Imbert-Fedorov) shifts, using Hermite-Laguerre-Gaussian beams. Contrary to naive expectation we find, theoretically and experimentally, that the noninteger OAM beam shifts do not interpolate linearly between the integer OAM beam shifts.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
How to Build Quantum Models of Consciousness
Creators: name: Venter, Gary
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Consciousness
subject: Quantum theory
subject: Neurology
subject: Dualism
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Science is learning more about the brain activity necessary for consciousness, but has not identified any mechanisms for how it could actually arise through neural processes. Here I present ways to build consciousness into the mathematics of quantum mechanics for use in the growing area of quantum neurology. Quantum waves are not physical in the sense of forces acting on particles through cause and effect, and they are expressed using mathematical placeholders that do not have agreed-upon real-world representations. These can be used to represent consciousness. Quantum mechanics has shown how the traditional aspects of the physical world emerge from non-physical quantum information through a combination of mathematical, not causal, determinism, and stochastic interactions. The modeling methods here could help account for how the mental world could also emerge from information fields. Neural interactions for mental experiences are complex, so it is reasonable to expect that consciousness is an emergent property of neural networks. But emergent properties are not magic – they work through procedural mechanisms – in this case for how neural processes generate experiences. No steps for how consciousness could be manufactured in this way are apparent, and philosophers have strong arguments for such not being possible. An alternative is to model consciousness as part of quantum waves, so it is accessed, not created, by the brain. This is a form of neutral monism – the idea that the physical and mental worlds both come from a single underlying source – in this case quantum waves. The classical physical picture of particles and forces acting under cause and effect has developed into a belief system, not just a theory, and this has created difficulties in taking quantum mechanics itself at face value. The result has been the creation of numerous “interpretations” of quantum mechanics that seek to frame it within these philosophical presuppositions. The conceptual framework of Cartesian dualism provides a platform for analysis of the related philosophical issues of consciousness and of quantum mechanics itself.
Thermal control of nucleation and propagation transition stresses in discrete lattices with non-local interactions and non-convex energy
Creators: name: Cannizzo, Andrea
name: Bellino, Luca
name: Florio, Giuseppe
name: Puglisi, Giuseppe
name: Giordano, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-local and non-convex energies represent fundamental interacting effects regulating the complex behavior of many systems in biophysics and materials science. We study one dimensional, prototypical schemes able to represent the behavior of several biomacromolecules and the phase transformation phenomena in solid mechanics. To elucidate the effects of thermal fluctuations on the non-convex non-local behavior of such systems, we consider three models of different complexity relying on thermodynamics and statistical mechanics: (i) an Ising-type scheme with an arbitrary temperature dependent number of interfaces between different domains, (ii) a zipper model with a single interface between two evolving domains, and (iii) an approximation based on the stationary phase method. In all three cases, we study the system under both isometric condition (prescribed extension, matching with the Helmholtz ensemble of the statistical mechanics) and isotensional condition (applied force, matching with the Gibbs ensemble). Interestingly, in the Helmholtz ensemble the analysis shows the possibility of interpreting the experimentally observed thermal effects with the theoretical force-extension relation characterized by a temperature dependent force plateau (Maxwell stress) and a force peak (nucleation stress). We obtain explicit relations for the configurational properties of the system as well (expected values of the phase fractions and number of interfaces). Moreover, we are able to prove the equivalence of the two thermodynamic ensembles in the thermodynamic limit. We finally discuss the comparison with data from the literature showing the efficiency of the proposed model in describing known experimental effects.
Constrains for non-standard statistical models of particle creations by identified hadron multiplicity results at LHC energies
Creators: name: Wibig, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analysed the identified hadron multiplicity predictions of the modified thermodynamical model of the multiparticle production processes with non-extensive statistic. The replacement of the standard Boltzmann exponential factor by the eventually much slower falling Tsallis one is suggested by the analysis of the transverse momentum distributions measured at high energies. The increase of high transverse momenta should accord with the abundance of heavy secondary particles, in particular multistrange barions. The introduction to the thermodynamical model of suppression factors similar to the ones in a quark jet fragmentation models is discussed.
title: Επαναπροσδιορισμός της σχέσης δημόσιου χώρου & κατοικίας, με αφορμή το σχεδιασμό μιας "Σύγχρονης Αγοράς" στο κέντρο των Σερρών
Creators: name: Μπιμπίσης Αθανάσιος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2011

description: Μη διαθέσιμο
Virial Expansion Bounds
Creators: name: Tate, Stephen James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B21, 82B26, 05C99

description: In the 1960s, the technique of using cluster expansion bounds in order to achieve bounds on the virial expansion was developed by Lebowitz and Penrose (1964) and Ruelle (1969). This technique is generalised to more recent cluster expansion bounds by Poghosyan and Ueltschi (2009), which are related to the work of Procacci (2007) and the tree-graph identity, detailed by Brydges (1986). The bounds achieved by Lebowitz and Penrose can also be sharpened by doing the actual optimisation and achieving expressions in terms of the Lambert W-function. The different bound from the cluster expansion shows some improvements for bounds on the convergence of the virial expansion in the case of positive potentials, which are allowed to have a hard core.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Towards a general framework of Randomized Benchmarking incorporating non-Markovian Noise
Creators: name: Figueroa-Romero, Pedro
name: Modi, Kavan
name: Hsieh, Min-Hsiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapid progress in the development of quantum devices is in large part due to the availability of a wide range of characterization techniques allowing to probe, test and adjust them. Nevertheless, these methods often make use of approximations that hold in rather simplistic circumstances. In particular, assuming that error mechanisms stay constant in time and have no dependence in the past, is something that will be impossible to do as quantum processors continue scaling up in depth and size. We establish a theoretical framework for the Randomized Benchmarking protocol encompassing temporally-correlated, so-called non-Markovian noise, at the gate level, for any gate set belonging to a wide class of finite groups. We obtain a general expression for the Average Sequence Fidelity (ASF) and propose a way to obtain average gate fidelities of full non-Markovian noise processes. Moreover, we obtain conditions that are fulfilled when an ASF displays authentic non-Markovian deviations. Finally, we show that even though gate-dependence does not translate into a perturbative term within the ASF, as in the Markovian case, the non-Markovian sequence fidelity nevertheless remains stable under small gate-dependent perturbations.
description: 12 + 24 pages, no figures. Journal version (acceptance date corrected)
Usage History of Scientific Literature: Nature Metrics and Metrics of Nature Publications
Creators: name: Wang, Xianwen
name: Mao, Wenli
name: Xu, Shenmeng
name: Zhang, Chunbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this study, we analyze the dynamic usage history of Nature publications over time using Nature metrics data. We conduct analysis from two perspectives. On the one hand, we examine how long it takes before the articles' downloads reach 50%/80% of the total; on the other hand, we compare the percentage of total downloads in 7 days, 30 days, and 100 days after publication. In general, papers are downloaded most frequently within a short time period right after their publication. And we find that compared with Non-Open Access papers, readers' attention on Open Access publications are more enduring. Based on the usage data of a newly published paper, regression analysis could predict the future expected total usage counts.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures and 4 tables
Leadership Development for Managers & Trainers - Best Practices for Addressing Power, Privilege and Oppression when Teaching Topics of Diversity & Increasing the Intersectional Lens in the Classroom
Creators: name: Marquart, Matthea S.
name: Counselman Carpenter, Beth
name: Shedrick, Dawn E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Social work education
Social justice and education
Classroom environment
Multicultural education
Teachers--Training of

description: Panel presentation for the August 19, 2020 Leading Social Justice session of the 2020-2021 virtual Management and Social Justice Conversation Series, hosted by The New School's Milano School of Policy, Management, and Environment and Prof Latha Poonamallee, and moderated by Anthony D. Meyers. The session webpage: https://event.newschool.edu/leading-for-social-justice The series webpage: https://event.newschool.edu/msj-conversation-2020-20211
Ancient Egyptian exceptionalism: fragility, flexibility, and the art of not collapsing
Creators: name: Morris, Ellen F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Egyptology
Civilization, Ancient
Pharaohs

description: Scholars such as Norman Yoffee, James Scott, and Guy Middleton have recently argued that the stable state—at any point in history, but especially in early civilizations—was both rare and fragile. In comparative studies of early states, then, Egypt is an anomaly. From its First Dynasty until the end of its Sixth, pharaoh followed pharaoh without interstices of any appreciable length. This essay focuses on points of crisis in Egypt’s early history that stemmed not from climate change but rather from abuses of power and from factional disputes. It argues that one of the main reasons that the state survived the (in all likelihood) bitter ends of its First, Second, and Fourth Dynasties was because the rulers of the succeeding administrations moved quickly to enact policies specifically designed as correctives. The resiliency of the pharaonic state no doubt owed much to its ideology and geography, but decisive actions intended to placate aggrieved elements of society seem to have restored stability at a number of critical junctures.
Spin alignment around TNG300-1 voids
Creators: name: Dávila-Kurbán, F.
name: Lares, M.
name: Lambas, D. Garcia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a new statistical approach we study the alignment signal of galactic spins with respect to the center of voids identified in the TNG-300 simulation. We explore this signal in different samples of galaxies, varying their distance from the void center, mass, spin norm, local density, and velocity. We find a strong tendency (>9 sigma) of massive, high-spin, and low radial velocity galaxies to be aligned perpendicularly to the void-centric direction in a wide range of distances corresponding to 0.9 to 1.4 void radii. Furthermore, we find that in these subdense environments, local density is irrelevant in the amplitude of spin alignment, while the largest impact is associated to the galaxy void-centric radial velocity in the sense that those at the lowest expansion rate are more strongly aligned perpendicularly to the center of the void. Our results suggest that further analysis at understanding intrinsic alignments and their relation to large scale structures may probe key for weak lensing studies in upcoming large surveys such as Euclid and LSST.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Updated to match published version in MNRAS
Large-Angle CMB Suppression and Polarization Predictions
Creators: name: Copi, C. J.
name: Huterer, D.
name: Schwarz, D. J.
name: Starkman, G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous lack of large angle temperature correlations has been a surprising feature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) since first observed by COBE-DMR and subsequently confirmed and strengthened by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. This anomaly may point to the need for modifications of the standard model of cosmology or may indicate that our Universe is a rare statistical fluctuation within that model. Further observations of the temperature auto-correlation function will not elucidate the issue; sufficiently high precision statistical observations already exist. Instead, alternative probes are required. In this work we explore the expectations for forthcoming polarization observations. We define a prescription to test the hypothesis that the large-angle CMB temperature perturbations in our Universe represent a rare statistical fluctuation within the standard cosmological model. These tests are based on the temperature-$Q$ Stokes parameter correlation. Unfortunately these tests cannot be expected to be definitive. However, we do show that if this $TQ$-correlation is observed to be sufficiently large over an appropriately chosen angular range, then the hypothesis can be rejected at a high confidence level. We quantify these statements and optimize the statistics we have constructed to apply to the anticipated polarization data. We find that we can construct a statistic that has a 25 per cent chance of excluding the hypothesis that we live in a rare realization of LCDM at the 99.9 per cent confidence level.
description: 7 pages; 6 figures Updated to be consistent with accepted version. Main change is improved discussion of how the constrained realizations are generated
Momia PSA: Come to Court
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019

description: Recorded music: Unidentified song (Mint Julep), "Lily, Rosemary and the Jack of Hearts' by Joan Baez, "Midnight Blues' (?), "Lonesome and a Long Way From Home" by Delaney and Bonnie, "City of New Orleans' by Judy Collins (record keeps skipping). Bob speaks, referencing the skipping record. Unidentified saxophone and drums song plays
title: Αστικές γεννήτριες ενίσχυσης χωρικής εμπειρίας
Creators: name: Αθαναηλίδη Παναγιώτα
name: Τομαρά Αύρα
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2011

description: Μη διαθέσιμο
P-adic integration on ray class groups and non-ordinary p-adic L-functions
Creators: name: Loeffler, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11S40, 11F67

description: We study the theory of finite-order p-adic functions and distributions on ray class groups of number fields, and apply this to the construction of (possibly unbounded) p-adic L-functions for automorphic forms on GL(2) which may be non-ordinary at the primes above p. As a consequence, we obtain a "plus-minus" decomposition of the p-adic L-functions of automorphic forms for GL(2) over an imaginary quadratic field with p split and Hecke eigenvalues 0 at the primes above p, confirming a conjecture of B.D. Kim.
description: Revised version correcting some errors in the interpolation formulae
Determining wave equations in holographic QCD from Wilsonian renormalization group
Creators: name: Gao, Fei
name: Yamada, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show a possible way to build the AdS/CFT correspondence starting from the quantum field theory side based on renormalization group approach. An extra dimension is naturally introduced in our scheme as the renomalization scale. The holographic wave equations are derived, with the potential term being determined by the QFT properties. We discover that only around the fixed point, i.e. the conformal limit, the potential in the bulk equations can be fully constrained, and upon this foundation, the correspondence is build. We demonstrate this fact using a 3D scalar theory in which, besides the trivial fixed point, there exists the Wilson-Fisher fixed point. From the energy scalings around those fixed points, we determine the behavior of the potential in the bulk equations.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, version published in Phys. Rev. D
On a linear Gromov-Wasserstein distance
Creators: name: Beier, Florian
name: Beinert, Robert
name: Steidl, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65K10, 28A33, 28A50, 68W25

description: Gromov-Wasserstein distances are generalization of Wasserstein distances, which are invariant under distance preserving transformations. Although a simplified version of optimal transport in Wasserstein spaces, called linear optimal transport (LOT), was successfully used in practice, there does not exist a notion of linear Gromov-Wasserstein distances so far. In this paper, we propose a definition of linear Gromov-Wasserstein distances. We motivate our approach by a generalized LOT model, which is based on barycentric projection maps of transport plans. Numerical examples illustrate that the linear Gromov-Wasserstein distances, similarly as LOT, can replace the expensive computation of pairwise Gromov-Wasserstein distances in applications like shape classification.
Photon-mediated electron transport in hybrid circuit-QED
Creators: name: Lambert, Neill
name: Flindt, Christian
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate photon-mediated transport processes in a hybrid circuit-QED structure consisting of two double quantum dots coupled to a common microwave cavity. Under suitable resonance conditions, electron transport in one double quantum dot is facilitated by the transport in the other dot via photon-mediated processes through the cavity. We calculate the average current in the quantum dots, the mean cavity photon occupation, and the current cross-correlations with both a full numerical simulation and a recursive perturbation scheme that allows us to include the influence of the cavity order-by-order in the couplings between the cavity and the quantum dot systems. We can then clearly identify the photon-mediated transport processes.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, final version