cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum chemical calculations on hf and some related molecules
Creators: name: Bruce, Robert Emerson
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis reports some quantum chemical calculations directed at elucidating principles useful for refining calculations of electron distribution and other properties for complex molecules. In this work calculations have been made with the valence bond and molecular orbital methods using minimum basis sets of Slater-type orbitals on the ground states of the molecules HF and HO, and on states of HF⁺ corresponding to the ionization of either a 1s electron or a 2pπ electron from fluorine in HF. Calculations have been made for molecular energies, bond lengths, force constants, dipole moments, and electron distributions as given by Mulliken population analysis. For HF, the perfect pairing model with molecule-optimized exponents yields molecular energies about 6 kcal./mole lower than the comparable molecular orbital calculations; the dipole moment calculated by the perfect pairing method is 0.3 D. closer to the experimental value (1.82 D.) than that calculated by the molecular orbital method. The HF equilibrium bond length and force constants are calculated to a reasonable degree of accuracy with the two methods, although the first ionization potentials seem to be better calculated by the molecular orbital method either by Koopman's Theorem or by taking the difference between the energies of the two states. The calculations reported in this thesis show clearly that in general free atom exponents are not reliable for calculating molecular properties, and this is important for calculations on larger molecules which most frequently use basis functions appropriate to free atoms. As part of a programme for finding ways of optimizing exponents relatively inexpensively, for use with more complex molecules, an approximation due to Lowdin, for overlap charge distributions in electron repulsion integrals, was tested. The results reported in this thesis show that the method has promise in providing a way of initially optimizing exponents prior to the actual calculation wherein all integrals are evaluated exactly.
Monte Carlo Markov Chain Parameter Estimation in Semi-Analytic Models of Galaxy Formation
Creators: name: Henriques, Bruno
name: Thomas, Peter
name: Oliver, Seb
name: Roseboom, Isaac
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [abridged] We present a statistical exploration of the parameter space of the De Lucia and Blaizot version of the Munich semi-analytic model built upon the millennium dark matter simulation. This is achieved by applying a Monte Carlo Markov Chain method to constrain the 6 free parameters that define the stellar and black-hole mass functions at redshift zero. The model is tested against three different observational data sets, including the galaxy K-band luminosity function, B-V colours, and the black hole-bulge mass relation, separately and combined, to obtain mean values, confidence limits and likelihood contours for the best fit model. Using each observational data set independently, we discuss how the SA model parameters affect each galaxy property and to what extent the correlations between them can lead to improved understandings of the physics of galaxy formation. When all the observations are combined, we find reasonable agreement between the majority of the previously published parameter values and our confidence limits. However, the need to suppress dwarf galaxy formation requires the strength of the supernova feedback to be significantly higher in our best-fit solution than in previous work. To balance this, we require the feedback to become ineffective in halos of lower circular velocity than before, so as to permit the formation of sufficient high-luminosity galaxies: unfortunately, this leads to an excess of galaxies around L*. Although the best-fit is formally consistent with the data, there is no region of parameter space that reproduces the shape of galaxy luminosity function across the whole magnitude-range. We discuss modifications to the semi-analytic model that might simultaneously improve the fit to the observed luminosity function and reduce the reliance on excessive supernova feedback in small halos.
description: accepted by MNRAS
Generalized Octonion Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Chanyal, B. C.
name: Bisht, P. S.
name: Negi, O. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have made an attempt to reformulate the generalized field equation of dyons in terms of octonion variables. Octonion forms of generalized potential and current equations are discussed in consistent manner. It has been shown that due to the non associativity of octonion variables it is necessary to impose certain constraints to describe generalized octonion electrodynamics in manifestly covariant and consistent manner.
Conical Correlations, Bragg Peaks, and Transverse Flow Deflections in Jet Tomography
Creators: name: Betz, Barbara
name: Noronha, Jorge
name: Torrieri, Giorgio
name: Gyulassy, Miklos
name: Rischke, Dirk H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use (3+1)-dimensional ideal hydrodynamics to describe a variety of different jet energy loss scenarios for a jet propagating through an opaque medium. The conical correlations obtained for fully stopped jets, revealing a Bragg peak, are discussed as well as results from pQCD and AdS/CFT. Moreover, we investigate transverse flow deflection. It is demonstrated that a double-peaked away-side structure can be formed due to the different contributions of several possible jet trajectories through an expanding medium.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures - To appear in the conference proceedings for Quark Matter 2009, March 30 - April 4, Knoxville, Tennessee, revised version
Multifractal Analysis of Polyalanines Time Series
Creators: name: Figueirêdo, P. H.
name: Nogueira, E.
name: Moret, M. A.
name: Coutinho, Sérgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multifractal properties of the energy time series of short $α$-helix structures, specifically from a polyalanine family, are investigated through the MF-DFA technique ({\it{multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis}}). Estimates for the generalized Hurst exponent $h(q)$ and its associated multifractal exponents $τ(q)$ are obtained for several series generated by numerical simulations of molecular dynamics in different systems from distinct initial conformations. All simulations were performed using the GROMOS force field, implemented in the program THOR. The main results have shown that all series exhibit multifractal behavior depending on the number of residues and temperature. Moreover, the multifractal spectra reveal important aspects on the time evolution of the system and suggest that the nucleation process of the secondary structures during the visits on the energy hyper-surface is an essential feature of the folding process.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Interface coupling properties and reflection of bulk spin waves from biaxial multilayer ferromagnetic media
Creators: name: Reshetnyak, Sergey A
name: Homenko, Tat'yana A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reflection coefficient of bulk spin waves from multilayer ferromagnetic structure with periodically modulated parameters of exchange interaction, uniaxial and rhombic magnetic anisotropy and saturation magnetization is calculated with a non-ideal coupling between layers. The strong dependence of spin-wave reflection coefficient on frequency, magnetic field and parameter of interfacial coupling is revealed. It allows changing the reflection intensity from 0 to 1 by changing either only external magnetic field value or frequency. The proposed model of boundary conditions gives the opportunity to take into account the quality of interfaces when studying the reflection processes of spin waves in multilayer structures.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
The Effects of Radiative Transfer on Low-Mass Star Formation
Creators: name: Offner, S. S. R.
name: Klein, R. I.
name: McKee, C. F.
name: Krumholz, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Forming stars emit a substantial amount of radiation into their natal environment. We use ORION, an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) three-dimensional gravito-radiation-hydrodynamics code, to simulate low-mass star formation in a turbulent molecular cloud. We compare the distribution of stellar masses, accretion rates, and temperatures in the cases with and without radiative transfer, and we demonstrate that radiative feedback has a profound effect on accretion, multiplicity, and mass by reducing the number of stars formed and the total rate at which gas turns into stars. We also show, that once star formation reaches a steady state, protostellar radiation is by far the dominant source of energy in the simulation, exceeding viscous dissipation and compressional heating by at least an order of magnitude. Calculations that omit radiative feedback from protstars significantly underestimate the gas temperature and the strength of this effect. Although heating from protostars is mainly confined to the protostellar cores, we find that it is sufficient to suppress disk fragmentation that would otherwise result in very low-mass companions or brown dwarfs. We demonstrate that the mean protostellar accretion rate increases with the final stellar mass so that the star formation time is only a weak function of mass.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures, 2 tables, emulateapj, accepted to ApJ
f(R) cosmology with torsion
Creators: name: Capozziello, S.
name: Cianci, R.
name: Stornaiolo, C.
name: Vignolo, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: f(R)-gravity with geometric torsion (not related to any spin fluid) is considered in a cosmological context. We derive the field equations in vacuum and in presence of perfect-fluid matter and discuss the related cosmological models. Torsion vanishes in vacuum for almost all arbitrary functions f(R) leading to standard General Relativity. Only for f(R)=R^{2}, torsion gives contribution in the vacuum leading to an accelerated behavior . When material sources are considered, we find that the torsion tensor is different from zero even with spinless material sources. This tensor is related to the logarithmic derivative of f'(R), which can be expressed also as a nonlinear function of the trace of the matter energy-momentum tensor. We show that the resulting equations for the metric can always be arranged to yield effective Einstein equations. When the homogeneous and isotropic cosmological models are considered, terms originated by torsion can lead to accelerated expansion. This means that, in f(R) gravity, torsion can be a geometric source for acceleration.
description: 13 pages
Acoustic characterization of Hofstadter butterfly with resonant scatterers
Creators: name: Richoux, Olivier
name: Pagneux, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are interested in the experimental characterization of the Hofstadter butterfly by means of acoustical waves. The transmission of an acoustic pulse through an array of 60 variable and resonant scatterers periodically distribued along a waveguide is studied. An arbitrary scattering arrangement is realized by using the variable length of each resonator cavity. For a periodic modulation, the structures of forbidden bands of the transmission reproduce the Hofstadter butterfly. We compare experimental, analytical, and computational realizations of the Hofstadter butterfly and we show the influence of the resonances of the scatterers on the structure of the butterfly.
Simulating linear covariant gauges on the lattice: a new approach
Creators: name: Cucchieri, Attilio
name: Mendes, Tereza
name: Santos, Elton M. da S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a new lattice implementation of the linear covariant gauge, recently introduced in [1]. In particular, we present details of the numerical procedure for fixing the gauge. We also report on preliminary results for the transverse and longitudinal gluon propagators for the SU(2) gauge group in four space-time dimensions.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures (8 plots), 2 tables
Hydrodynamics from the D1-brane
Creators: name: David, Justin R.
name: Mahato, Manavendra
name: Wadia, Spenta R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hydrodynamic properties of strongly coupled SU(N) Yang-Mills theory of the D1-brane at finite temperature in the framework of gauge/gravity duality. The only non-trivial viscous transport coefficient in 1+1 dimensions is the bulk viscosity. We evaluate the bulk viscosity by isolating the quasi-normal mode corresponding to the sound channel for the gravitational background of the D1-brane. We find that the ratio of the bulk viscosity to the entropy density to be 1/4π. This ratio continues to be $1/4π$ also in the regime when the D1-brane Yang-Mills theory is dual to the gravitational background of the fundamental string. Our analysis shows that this ratio is equal to 1/4πfor a class of gravitational backgrounds dual to field theories in 1+1 dimensions obtained by considering D1-branes at cones over Sasaki-Einstein 7-manifolds.
description: 34 pages
Executive functioning in adolescents born preterm and at term
Creators: name: McBain, KL
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Executive functioning (EF) refers to a set of higher-order cognitive skills including inhibition, switching, and working memory. Previous studies have indicated that young children born preterm perform more poorly on EF tasks than those born at term, but little is known about whether these EF deficits persist into adolescence. This study aimed to identity if EF deficits were present in adolescents born preterm compared to those born at term, and to identify some potential risk factors for poorer EF performance in preterm adolescents. A total of 37 participants aged 10-17 years participated in the study, with 18 born preterm (<37 weeks' completed gestation) and 19 born at term (>38 weeks' gestation). Participants completed subtests of the Weschler Intelligence Scales, the Trail Making Test, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. No significant differences were found between adolescents born preterm or at term on any intelligence or EF measures. Neither EF nor intelligence test performance could be predicted by gestational age, sex, or social risk in the preterm group. These preliminary findings indicate that adolescents born preterm and at term perform at similar levels on EF and intelligence tasks, and suggest that no interventions are needed to target EF by this age.
Hiding the Higgs Boson with Multiple Scalars
Creators: name: Dawson, Sally
name: Yan, Wenbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider models with multiple Higgs scalar gauge singlets and the resulting restrictions on the parameters from precision electroweak measurements. In these models, the scalar singlets mix with the SU(2) Higgs doublet, potentially leading to reduced couplings of the scalars to fermions and gauge bosons relative to the Standard Model Higgs boson couplings. Such models can make the Higgs sector difficult to explore at the LHC. We emphasize the new physics resulting from the addition of at least two scalar Higgs singlets.
description: 13 pages
Figure S1 from Earth and life evolve together from something ancestral—reply to Britz et al.
Creators: name: Yamahira, Kazunori
name: Fujimoto, Shingo
name: Takami, Yasuoki
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Bayesian chronogram of adrianichthyid taxa based on mitochondrial (11233 bp) and nuclear (4204 bp) sequences. Bars represent 95% high posterior density. Numbers on branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP); branches with no number represent BPP = 1. Arrows indicate calibration points; CP1: †Mahengechromis for the node between the two cichlids, CP2: †Rhamphexocoetus volans for the branch leading to the flyingfish, and CP4: the opening of the Makassar Strait. We followed [1] except that CP3: †Lithopoecilus brouweri for the node between Oryzias sarasinorum and O. eversi was not used for calibration.
Impulsivity does not moderate the relationship between attentional bias and stimulus control
Creators: name: McCrae, AE
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Researchers have been increasingly interested in the role that attentional bias to food cues plays in obesity. While some researchers have documented a positive association between attentional bias to food cues and obesity, other studies have failed to find such a relationship. Theory suggests that attentional bias and stimulus control are linked but recent work by our lab failed to observe the theorised positive association between these variables during real-world eating. This may have been because executive functions such as levels of impulsivity were not accounted for. This research investigated the role of impulsivity as a moderator for the relationship between attentional bias and stimulus control. After completing the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale to assess impulsivity levels, and a visual probe task to assess attentional bias, participants (N = 70) monitored their eating for 14 days as they went about their daily lives. Results did not support impulsivity as a moderator for the relationship between attentional bias and stimulus control. Nor was there a correlation between attentional bias and stimulus control. Study outcomes may have been limited by the measurements employed, particularly in relation to attentional bias. Future research should focus on standardising measures for and definitions of, attentional bias.
The localization effect for eigenfunctions of the mixed boundary value problem in a thin cylinder with distorted ends
Creators: name: Cardone, G.
name: Durante, T.
name: Nazarov, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35P05, 47A75, 74K10

description: A simple sufficient condition on curved end of a straight cylinder is found that provides a localization of the principal eigenfunction of the mixed boundary value for the Laplace operator with the Dirichlet conditions on the lateral side. Namely, the eigenfunction concentrates in the vicinity of the ends and decays exponentially in the interior. Similar effects are observed in the Dirichlet and Neumann problems, too.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures
Freedom and democracy :a study of their enemies. by Fulton J. Sheen.
Creators: name: Sheen, Fulton John
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description:
 Six addresses delivered in the Catholic Hour ... (On Sundays from January 3 to February 7, 1937).
 The Church and the state -- Freedom -- The spirit and unity -- Opportunity -- Responsibility -- Spirituality.
Discovery of Compton-thick quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Vignali, C.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Gilli, R.
name: Pozzi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new and archival Chandra snapshot (10 ks each) observations of 15 optically identified (from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, SDSS) Type 2 quasars at z=0.40-0.73. When combined with existing X-ray data, this work provides complete X-ray coverage for all 25 radio-quiet Type 2 quasars with logL_[OIII]>9.28 L_sun from Zakamska et al. (2003). Two targets out of 15 were not detected by Chandra and most of the remaining sources are X-ray weak, with nine having less than 10 counts in the 0.5-8keV band. Low-to-moderate quality spectral analysis was limited to three sources, whose properties are consistent with the presence of column densities in the range NH~10^22-10^23 cm^-2 in the source rest frame. If the [OIII] luminosity is a reliable proxy for the intrinsic X-ray luminosity, the current X-ray data indicate that Compton-thick quasars may hide among ~65 per cent of the SDSS Type 2 quasar population (L_{X, meas}/L_{X, [OIII]}<0.01); however, since the Type 2 quasar sample is selected on [OIII] luminosity, the estimated Compton-thick quasar fraction may be overestimated. Using archival Spitzer observations, we find that ~50 per cent of SDSS Type 2 quasars appear to be obscured by Compton-thick material based on both the L_{X, meas}/L_{X, mid-IR} (where mid-IR corresponds to rest-frame 12.3 micron) and L_{X, meas}/L_{X, [OIII]} ratios. We use this information to provide an estimate of the Compton-thick quasar number density at z=0.3-0.8, which we find is in broad agreement with the expectations from X-ray background models.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Table S2 from Earth and life evolve together from something ancestral—reply to Britz et al.
Creators: name: Yamahira, Kazunori
name: Fujimoto, Shingo
name: Takami, Yasuoki
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Parameters and likelihoods under the DEC and DEC+J models estimated by BioGeoBEARS (v. 1.1.2) [4–6] using the tree file including the whole of Beloniformes and Cyprinodontiformes.
Working Paper: Modeling Infection Risk in Local Public Transport
Creators: name: Fouckhardt, Lea
name: Laufer, Sophie
name: Sauer, Jochen
name: Koch, Johanna
name: Schneider, Natalie
name: Sommer, Carsten
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: infection risk
subject: contact time in LPT
subject: contact number in LPT
subject: local public transport
subject: 620
subject: Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr
subject: Infektionsrisiko
subject: Kontakt
subject: Dauer
subject: Modell

description: Deutscher Titel: "Modellierung der Infektionsgefahr im ÖPNV - Kontaktanzahl und Kontaktzeit"
description: Projekt is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Digitalization and Traffic.
Investigation of fast Lewis acid-base reactions between copper (II) bis (diethyldithiocarbamate) and heterocyclic bases using EPR spectrometry
Creators: name: Tapping, Robert Laurence
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Fast Lewis acid-base reactions occur between square planar copper(II) complexes and weak organic bases in non-coordinating solvents. An example of such a reaction is that between copper(Il)bis-(diethyl-dithiocarbamate), CuDDC, and a series of pyridines: (1) CuDDC + pyridine ⇄ CuDDC•pyridine to form a five-coordinate adduct. Such an equilibrium can be treated as a two site exchange process using electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectrometry, with CuDDC the paramagnetic probe. The situation described by (1) is within the fast exchange approximation for epr. In order to analyse line position epr data for reaction (1) the stoichiometry of the adduct must be established. Using plots of epr line position shift it was shown that CuDDC forms only 1:1 adducts with pyridine and the methyl-substituted pyridines studied. Knowing this stoichiometry the line position data was analysed using a least squares procedure to obtain the equilibrium, or binding, constant, K. Linewidths were analysed as a function of base concentration to obtain the reverse rate constants, k[sub r] , which were related to the forward rate constants using k[sub f] = Kk[sub r]. Both equilibrium and rate constants were studied as a function of temperature using Arrhenius plots in order to obtain thermodynamic parameters. Temperature varitions in the epr parameters were included in the analysis of the linewidth and line position data. Reaction (1) was studied with pyridine as the base in benzene, toluene, and chloroform. Enthalpies of reaction in the reverse direction increased in the solvent order given, and in the forward direction negative activation energies were observed, also increasing in the solvent order shown. Studies of several methyl-substituted pyridines in benzene showed a similar behaviour. An isokinetic relationship between ΔH[sup ≠] and ΔS[sup ≠] was observed both for variation of solvent and of base. Such plots emphasise the dominant role solvent interactions play in reaction between neutral species in non-coordinating solvents. The results obtained can be consistently and qualitatively interpreted in terms of a dynamic solvent structure reorganisation model proposed by Bennetto and Caldin, and are not adequately interpreted in terms of more traditional ideas.
The Mona effect : regeneration in the dark
Creators: name: McGarry, MF
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Since the opening of the Museum of Old and New Art (Mona) in Tasmania, the museum's impact has been compared with the Bilbao Effect, a culture-led urban regeneration project. By exploring the museum's evolving relationship with an already strong cultural economy in Hobart, this thesis reconsiders and destabilises Mona's association to the iconic flagship regeneration model. After establishing how the policy-led Bilbao Effect model differs from the privately initiated 'Mona Effect', I then develop an account of how Mona became embedded and entangled in the cultural economy of Hobart. The annual Dark Mofo mid-winter festivals serve as primary case studies for examining the museum's impact. Through qualitative, ethnographic and place-based methods, this thesis examines how the mid-winter festivals translate the Mona brand from the museum, and inscribe Mona's ethos across the city during a fortnight of 'large-scale public art, food, music, film, light and noise' (Dark Mofo, 2013a: n.p.). Standard policy analysis in the field of culture-led urban regeneration has largely evaluated success through an economic paradigm, and been concerned with top-down policy interventions. Here, I interrogate the festival's explicit city activation agenda, and examine how the co-constitutive relationship between festival and city is enabled through the multiple actors who are active participants in supporting and facilitating the impact of Dark Mofo. Through an increasing interaction with the spatial and social landscape of the city, I demonstrate how Mona has become aligned with policy and governance. Finally, I explore the relationship between Mona and the Macquarie Point brownfield development, and the extent to which it veers towards the Bilbao model. In this thesis I contribute to existing literatures and knowledge by expanding methodological approaches for measuring impacts of urban cultural activity. I also promote a more nuanced approach to 'Effect' based research, informed by place specificity and ethnographic engagement. I argue that research methodologies which extend beyond econometric measures can account for cultural impacts, and furthermore, can promote the development of sustainable urban regeneration projects and cultural policy in the future. I find that while Mona does not align with the policy-transfer model of arts-led urban regeneration, the museum's evolving presence in the city and relationships with governance bodies has shifted towards a GLAMUR (Plaza, 2008) model of operating. However, I argue that Mona's embedded and place-specific engagement with the city presents an opportunity to re-imagine what a cultural economy in Hobart could look like into the future, beyond the limitations of the Bilbao Effect model.
Chiral symmetry breaking of magnetic vortices by sample roughness
Creators: name: Vansteenkiste, A.
name: Weigand, M.
name: Curcic, M.
name: Stoll, H.
name: Schütz, G.
name: Van Waeyenberge, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finite-element micromagnetic simulations are employed to study the chiral symmetry breaking of magnetic vortices, caused by the surface roughness of thin-film magnetic structures. An asymmetry between vortices with different core polarizations has been experimentally observed for square-shaped platelets. E.g., the threshold fields for vortex core switching were found to differ for core up and down. This asymmetry was however not expected for these symmetrically-shaped structures, where both core polarizations should behave symmetrically. Three-dimensional finite element simulations are employed to show that a small surface roughness can break the symmetry between vortex cores pointing up and down. A relatively small sample roughness is found sufficient to reproduce the experimentally observed asymmetries. It arises from the lack of mirror-symmetry of the rough thin-film structures, which causes vortices with different handedness to exhibit asymmetric dynamics.
title: In Favor of Capital Punishment: A Blending of Philosophical Perspectives
Creators: name: Donnelly, James Charles
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1983

description: There has been little intellectual support for the average American's view of the proper relationship between L' crime and punishment. This text is an effort to philosophically define and defend this view. Chapters one and two deal with teleological theories and justification for systems and rules of practices. I first discuss the historical relationship of man to the state, showing the necessity of and providing a basis for civil authority and law and showing both to be based on social utility. This accomplished, a teleological justification of a system of punishment is presented. Chapter three discusses retribution as the deontological justification of particular actions. I argue that the only just system is a retributive one. Chapters four and five show that a retributive system of punishment is unable to conform to justice without the inclusion of the death penalty.
Emergence of stability in a stochastically driven pendulum: beyond the Kapitsa effect
Creators: name: Simons, Yuval B.
name: Meerson, Baruch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a prototypical nonlinear system which can be stabilized by multiplicative noise: an underdamped non-linear pendulum with a stochastically vibrating pivot. A numerical solution of the pertinent Fokker-Planck equation shows that the upper equilibrium point of the pendulum can become stable even when the noise is white, and the "Kapitsa pendulum" effect is not at work. The stabilization occurs in a strong-noise regime where WKB approximation does not hold.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
Table S1 from Earth and life evolve together from something ancestral—reply to Britz et al.
Creators: name: Yamahira, Kazunori
name: Fujimoto, Shingo
name: Takami, Yasuoki
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Parameters and likelihoods under the DEC and DEC+J models estimated by the BioGeoBEARS function implemented in RASP (v. 4.2) [3] using the tree file from [2] (a) without scaling branch lengths and (b) with scaling up branch lengths (and ages at which constraint matrices are replaced as well) by a factor of 100. All settings followed Yamahira et al. [2]. Note that the estimated parameters and likelihoods are completely identical between the two models without scaling branch lengths. (c) Parameters and likelihoods estimated by the original BioGeoBEARS (v. 1.1.2) [4–6] without scaling branch lengths. This re-analysis estimates that the MRCA of Adrianichthyidae was distributed both in India (area B) and Southeast Asia (area C); the probability of area B+C at node 65 was 56.2% under the DEC+J model.
Every BCG with a strong radio AGN has an X-ray cool core: is the cool core - noncool core dichotomy too simple?
Creators: name: Sun, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio AGN feedback in X-ray cool cores has been proposed as a crucial ingredient in the evolution of baryonic structures. However, it has long been known that strong radio AGN also exist in "noncool core" clusters, which brings up the question whether an X-ray cool core is always required for radio feedback. In this work, we present a systematic analysis of BCGs and strong radio AGN in 152 groups and clusters from the Chandra archive. All 69 BCGs with radio AGN more luminous than 2x10^23 W Hz^-1 at 1.4 GHz are found to have X-ray cool cores. The BCG cool cores can be divided into two classes, the large-cool-core (LCC) class and the corona class. Small coronae, easily overlooked at z>0.1, can trigger strong heating episodes in groups and clusters, long before large cool cores are formed. Strong radio outbursts triggered by coronae may destroy embryonic large cool cores and thus provide another mechanism to prevent formation of large cool cores. However, it is unclear whether coronae are decoupled from the radio feedback cycles as they have to be largely immune to strong radio outbursts. Our sample study also shows the absence of groups with a luminous cool core while hosting a strong radio AGN, which is not observed in clusters. This points to a greater impact of radio heating on low-mass systems than clusters. As examples of the corona class, we also present detailed analyses of a BCG corona associated with a strong radio AGN (ESO 137-006 in A3627) and one of the faintest coronae known (NGC 4709 in the Centaurus cluster). Our results suggest that the traditional cool core / noncool core dichotomy is too simple. A better alternative is the cool core distribution function, with the enclosed X-ray luminosity or gas mass.
description: To appear in ApJ, Nov. 2009, emulateapj5.sty, 22 pages, 11 figures and 4 tables. The abstract has been abbreviated slightly. New changes include: adding seven systems (including AWM4), updating most figures and tables, expanding discussions. Conclusions are unchanged. A high-resolution PDF is available from http://www.astro.virginia.edu/~ms4ar/corona_RG.pdf
New Complexities in the Low-State line profiles of AM Herculis
Creators: name: Kafka, S.
name: Ribeiro, T.
name: Baptista, R.
name: Honeycutt, R. K.
name: Robertson, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When accretion temporarily ceases in the polar AM Her, the emission line profiles are known to develop several distinct components, whose origin remains poorly understood. The new low-state spectra reported here have a more favorable combination of spectral resolution (R~4500), time resolution (~3-min exposures), and S/N than earlier work, revealing additional details of the orbital dependence of the line profiles. The central strong feature of H-alpha is found to be composed of two components of similar strength, one having K~100 km/sec and phased with the motion of the secondary star, the other having little or no detectable radial velocity variations. We attribute the central line component to gas near the coupling region, perhaps with a contribution from irradiation of the secondary star. The two satellite components have RV offsets of ~+/-250 km/sec on either side of the central strong H-alpha peak. These satellites most likely arise in large loops of magnetically confined gas near the secondary star due to magnetic activity on the donor star and/or interactions of the magnetic fields of the two stars. Doppler maps show that these two satellite features have concentrations at velocities that match the velocity locations of L4 and L5 in the system.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables, ApJ in press
Statistical modeling of the time course of tantrum anger
Creators: name: Qiu, Peihua
name: Yang, Rong
name: Potegal, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although anger is an important emotion that underlies much overt aggression at great social cost, little is known about how to quantify anger or to specify the relationship between anger and the overt behaviors that express it. This paper proposes a novel statistical model which provides both a metric for the intensity of anger and an approach to determining the quantitative relationship between anger intensity and the specific behaviors that it controls. From observed angry behaviors, we reconstruct the time course of the latent anger intensity and the linkage between anger intensity and the probability of each angry behavior. The data on which this analysis is based consist of observed tantrums had by 296 children in the Madison WI area during the period 1994--1996. For each tantrum, eight angry behaviors were recorded as occurring or not within each consecutive 30-second unit. So, the data can be characterized as a multivariate, binary, longitudinal (MBL) dataset with a latent variable (anger intensity) involved. Data such as these are common in biomedical, psychological and other areas of the medical and social sciences. Thus, the proposed modeling approach has broad applications.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOAS242 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Evaluation of mechanisms for the formation of cyclopropanes from pyrazolines and the interconversion of cyclopropyl ketones and dihydrofurans
Creators: name: McKinley, James William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A series of 3-methyl-3-acetyl-l-pyrazolines were prepared and their product distributions were determined. Part of this series included tetrasubstituted 1-pyrazolines uniquely substituted at all three ring carbons. These pyrazolines have the advantage in that they can decompose to four isomeric cyclopropanes, and thus information about the degree of retention or inversion at both C-3 and C-5 of the starting pyrazoline was obtained. The product distributions from the direct and sensitized photolysis of these pyrazolines were explained by invoking diradicals which retain the integrity of the pyrazoline precursor. The formation of dihydrofurans from cyclopropyl ketones was approached by using cyclopropanes uniquely substituted at all three ring carbons and thus information was derived about the stereochemical pathway for this conversion. The reaction was investigated both thermally and photochemically and therefore complementary results were obtained for the two modes of reaction. A step-wise mechanism for the reaction was favoured in which diradicals that retain the integrity of the cyclopropane precursor were used to explain the product distributions. In addition, the conversion of a cyclopropyl ketone to a dihydro-furan was investigated by a kinetic study and was found to proceed with a high activation energy of 48.1 Kcal/mole (log A = 14.9). These activation parameters are consistent with a step-wise mechanism involving diradicals that retain the integrity of the cyclopropane precursor.
The targum (1943:Mar. 2 - 1943:Mar. 19)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1943

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Table S3 from Earth and life evolve together from something ancestral—reply to Britz et al.
Creators: name: Yamahira, Kazunori
name: Fujimoto, Shingo
name: Takami, Yasuoki
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Number of abdominal and caudal vertebrae in 37 adrianichthyid species. Median is used when vertebral numbers were reported as a range.
VUV kinetic spectroscopy of ClO₂ and vibrational energy distributions in O₂ produced from NO₂ and ClO₂ by flash photolysis
Creators: name: Morse, Robert Donald
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A flash photolysis apparatus suitable for kinetic spectroscopy in the vacuum ultraviolet is described. Four new Rydberg transitions of ClO₂ have been observed and their measurements given. Molar extinction coefficients of the previously reported bands of ClO₂ have been measured. Two of these electronic transitions (and possibly a third) have been assigned to a Rydberg series converging to the first ionization potential (10.36 eV). The flash photolysis of ClO₂ followed by kinetic spectroscopy in the vacuum ultraviolet has yielded a new spectrum of ClO. Six electronic transitions have been assigned; all are Rydberg in nature. The first four of these transitions are thought to be ²Σ ← X²π[sub i] from which a spin orbit coupling constant, A=-318 ± 5 cm⁻¹ is obtained for the ground state. Hot bands in three of the above systems of ClO have been observed in absorption. This has enabled the direct measurement of the ground state vibrational constant (ω[sub e]= 859 ± 6 cm⁻¹) for the first time. Extinction coefficients for a number of the ClO transitions have been measured. A kinetic study of ClO recombination by kinetic spectroscopy of these very strong and well resolved vibrational bands of ClO and ClO₂ has been initiated. This preliminary study showed that ClO decay is second order over its first two half lives, in agreement with previous results; at longer times, however, a deviation was noted. Initial vibrational energy distributions in O₂ produced from the flash photolysis of NO₂ and ClO₂ have been measured. Absolute populations of the levels ν"= 1 to 7 have been combined with previously measured relative populations of the levels 6 to 13 for the O₂ distribution from ClO₂ to give a complete initial vibrational energy distribution. Populations of the levels ν"= 4 to 13 of O₂ from NO₂ have been measured. Both distributions show that the initial energy content in O₂ is a significant portion of the heat of reaction. Extensions of the NO₂ distribution to include all of the levels observed, but not measured due to experimental difficulties, are discussed.
Improvising for solo jazz guitar : a whole-instrument approach to integrating single-line and polyphonic concepts
Creators: name: Sherlock, JM
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Historically within the jazz idiom, the guitar has predominantly functioned within ensembles of various sizes. A focus of this study is an investigation into the guitarist's potential to improvise completely unaccompanied, without the rhythmic security of drums or the harmonic and structural security of bass or piano. This requires not only a solid grounding in harmony, rhythm, and melody but also should incorporate integration of the melodic and accompaniment roles. This integration of roles is the key focus of this study. In jazz, the piano is the instrument most well-known for solo performance due to the obvious advantages of being able to play left and right hands independently. The guitar by comparison initially appears to have limited possibilities when played solo. This work seeks to find solutions for this problem as developed in my own practice through performance and reflective and investigative analysis; solutions that take advantage of the guitar's unique characteristics. The outcomes of this research will be documented in a folio of three recorded solo performance recitals and an accompanying exegesis outlining the key findings based on analysis of these performances. The findings will outline solutions to the problems associated with solo guitar performance and address the integration of chordal and melodic playing as well as vital rhythmic, melodic, harmonic and textural concepts.
Mean sheared flow and parallel ion motion effects on zonal flow generation in ion-temperature-gradient mode turbulence
Creators: name: Anderson, J.
name: Kishimoto, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work investigates the direct interaction of sheared mean flow with zonal flows (ZF) and the effect of parallel ion motion on ZF generation in ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) background turbulence. An analytical model for the direct interaction of sheared mean flows with zonal flows is constructed. The model used for the toroidal ITG driven mode is based on the equations for ion continuity, ion temperature and parallel ion motion whereas the ZF evolution is described by the vorticity equation. The behavior of the ZF growth rate and real frequency is examined for typical tokamak parameters. It is shown that in general the zonal flow growth rate is suppressed by the presence of a sheared mean flow. In addition, with parallel ion motion effects the ZFs become more oscillatory for increasing $η_i (= L_n/L_{Ti})$ value.
description: 22 pages and 6 figures
The relation between F(R) gravity and Einstein-conformally invariant Maxwell source
Creators: name: Hendi, S. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the special case of $F(R)$ gravity, in which $F(R)= R^{N}$ and obtain its topological black hole solutions in higher dimensions. We show that, the same as higher dimensional charged black hole, these solutions may be interpreted as black hole solutions with two event horizons, extreme black hole and naked singularity provided the parameters of the solutions are chosen suitably. But, the presented black hole is different from the standard higher-dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom solutions. Next, we focus on the conformally invariant Maxwell field coupled to Einstein gravity and discuss about its black hole solutions. Comparing these two class of solutions, shows that there is a correspondence between the Einstein-conformally invariant Maxwell solutions and the solutions of $F(R)$ gravity without matter field in arbitrary dimensions.
description: 9 pages, one figures, references added