Zehntnerobolus rubripes Wesener &amp; Enghoff &amp; Sierwald 2009, comb. n.
Creators: name: Wesener, Thomas
name: Enghoff, Henrik
name: Sierwald, Petra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplopoda
Spirobolida
Pachybolidae
Zehntnerobolus

description: <i>Zehntnerobolus rubripes</i> (de Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1897), comb. n. <i>Spirobolus rubripes</i> de Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1897: plate XI, fig. 48, plate XII, fig. 6. <i>Spirostrophus rubripes</i>, de Saussure and Zehntner 1902: 154. NOT <i>Spirostrophus rubripes</i> Attems, 1927: 64 <i>Spirostrophus rubripes</i>, Enghoff 2003: 624 (lists species name). <b>Comments:</b> drawings of <i>Zehntnerobolus rubripes</i> were first published under the name <i>Spirobolus rubripes</i> (de Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1897). <i>Spirobolus</i> is an East Asian genus. So, when publishing the text description in 1902, de Saussure and Zehntner put <i>S. rubripes</i> in the newly erected genus <i>Spirostrophus</i>, which included a non-related assemblage of species. However, they already noted: “Le <i>S. rubripes</i> offre de caractères un peu aberrantes: il est par conséquent difficile à classer. [...]. La position de cette espèce est donc incertaine.” (de Saussure and Zehntner 1902: 158). They, unfortunately, did not put <i>S. rubripes</i> into a new genus. The description of <i>Spirostrophus rubripes</i> by de Saussure and Zehntner was obviously all but forgotten, because Attems also named a non-related species from Indonesia <i>Spirostrophus rubripes</i> Attems, 1927. The type species of the genus <i>Spirostrophus</i> is now regarded as a synonym of the type species of the East Indian genus <i>Leptogoniulus</i> Silvestri, 1897 (Hoffman 1980, Shelley and Lehtinen 1999). <i>Spirostrophus rubripes</i> (de Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1897 shares no characters with <i>Leptogoniulus</i>, therefore a new genus had to be established to incorporate this species. <b>Material examined:</b> 2 &amp;male;, 2 &amp;female; <i>Lectotype:</i> designated herewith to fix the concept of <i>Zehntnerobolus rubripes</i> (de Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1897) and to ensure the universal and consistent interpretation of the same: &amp;male; (dissected, 30 mm long), MNHN HB049. Madagascar, Province Toamasina, Forêt de Moramanga, rainforest, 18°56’20” S, 48°13’40” E, leg. Musée de Genève, det. de Saussure, 1903. <i>Paratypes:</i> 1 &amp;male;, 2 &amp;female;, MNHN HB049, same data as lectotype. <b>Additional locality data from the literature:</b> de Saussure and Zehntner 1902: Madagascar, Forêt d’Andrangoloaka, rainforest, 19°2’0.00” S, 47°55’0.12” E, leg. Franz Sikora (1886–1892). <b>Description.</b> <i>Measurements</i>: males with 38 or 39 rings, circa 32 mm long, 2.9 mm wide. Females with 39 or 40 rings, 36–37 mm long, 3.7 mm wide. <i>Coloration</i> decolorized in alcohol. Head, antennae and legs red (according to drawing and original description). Body ventrally and dorsally on meso- and metazonites pitchblack. Mesozonites dorsolaterally blood-red (see de Saussure and Zehntner 1897: plate XI, fig. 48). <i>Head</i>: each eye with circa 26–28 ocelli arranged in 6 or 7 vertical rows. Labrum with standard three irregular teeth and a single row of 10–12 stout marginal setae. Clypeus with two setiferous foveolae on each side. Antennal cavity absent. Antennae of medium length, protruding back to ring 4 in females, ring 5 in males. Relative lengths of antennomeres: 1&lt;&lt;2=3=4=5=6. Terminal antennomere with four large sensory cones located together inside a membranous area. Antennomere 5 latero-apically with five rows, antennomere 6 with four rows of sensilla basiconica. <i>Gnathochilarium</i>: of usual spirobolidan shape. Lamellae linguales each with two standard setae located behind one another. Stipites each with three apical setae. Basal parts could not be studied because a dissection was not attempted. <i>Mandible</i> not dissected. <i>Collum:</i> smooth, laterally not protruding as far as ring 2. <i>Body rings:</i> mostly smooth, with some transverse impressions on mesozona. Ozopores starting at ring 6, located closely in front of, but not touching suture between mesozona and metazona. <i>Telson</i>: anal valves with neither lips, nor micropunctation. Preanal process sharp, but not protruding above anal valves (Fig. 22A). <i>Legs</i>: coxae 1 and 2 elongated and fused with sternum, podomeres from prefemur to tarsus in both sexes each with 4–10 ventral/mesal setae. Length of midbody legs circa 0.8 times body diameter in females (Fig. 22B), circa 1.0 times body diameter in males (Fig. 22C). Each podomere ventrally with an apical seta. Coxae 3 and beyond of cylindrical shape. Tarsus with a stout dorso-apical seta and three pairs of regular ventral spines. <i>Male sexual characters</i>: tarsal pads absent (Fig. 22C). Coxae 3–5 each with a large conical coxal process, protruding posteriorly to coxa 6. <i>Anterior gonopod</i> sternite elongated into a wide, rounded lobe, apically with three very short, well-rounded tips (Fig. 22D). Mesal process of coxite absent. Telopodite on posterior side basally with a circular groove (Fig. 22E). Telopodite process slender and short, curved laterally (Fig. 23E). Lateral margin elevated (Fig. 22E). <i>Posterior gonopods</i> unique (Figs 22F, G). Gonopod pair connected by a sclerotized and visible sternite. Telopodites positioned parallel to one another, sperm canal discharging laterally (Fig. 23G). Coxite and telopodite separated by a suture; coxite with a single groove. Telopodite with torsion, tip of telopodite curved laterally, with a sharp-edged tip (Fig. 22F). Sperm canal laterally strongly projecting over telopodite margin (Fig. 22G). Basally of projection of sperm canal with a row of sclerotized nodules (Fig. 22G). Sperm canal running through coxite at mesal, through telopodite at lateral margin (Fig. 22G). <i>Female sexual characters</i>: vulva simple, bivalve-like. <b>Intraspecific variation:</b> the measurements of the type series fit in very well with those recorded in the literature (de Saussure and Zehntner 1902: 159). <b>Remark</b> The mentum is subdivided by a strong transverse ridge separating a basal, transversely striate part and an apical, smooth part, which is recessed when the gnathochilarium is viewed from below in all the following genera. Such a subdivision is unique within the whole order Spirobolida. <b>Genera with subdivided mentum</b> <i>Flagellobolus</i>, gen. n. <i>Riotintobolus</i> gen. n. <i>Pseudocentrobolus</i> gen. n. <i>Granitobolus</i> gen. n. <i>Caprobolus</i> gen. n. <i>Alluviobolus</i> gen. n. <i>Ostinobolus</i> gen. n.
description: Published as part of <i>Wesener, Thomas, Enghoff, Henrik &amp; Sierwald, Petra, 2009, Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda), pp. 1-128 in ZooKeys 19 (19)</i> on pages 38-41, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.19.221, http://zenodo.org/record/576503
description: {"references": ["de Saussure H, Zehntner L (1897) Atlas de l'histoire naturelle des Myriapodes. In: Grandidier (Ed.) Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar 27 (53): pl 1 - 12.", "de Saussure H, Zehntner, L (1902) Myriapodes de Madagascar. In: Grandidier (Ed.), Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar 27 (53): 1 - 356, pl 13 - 15.", "Enghoff H (2003) Diplopoda, Millipedes. In: Goodman SM, Benstead JP (Eds) The Natural History of Madagascar. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 617 - 627.", "Silvestri F (1897) Systema Diplopodum. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova 38: 651 - 653.", "Hoffman RL (1980) Classification of the Diplopoda. Musee d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, Geneve, Switzerland, 237 pp.", "Shelley RM, Lehtinen PT (1999) Diagnoses, synonymies and occurrences of the pantropical millipeds, Leptogoniulus sorornus (Butler) and Trigoniulus corallinus (Gervais) (Spirobolida: Pachybolidae: Trigoniulinae). Journal of Natural History 33 (9): 1379 - 1401."]}