cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How to Get Beyond the Zero-Sum Game Mentality between State and Non-State Actors in International Environmental Governance
Creators: name: Perez, Franz Xavier
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: This paper examines the participation of stakeholders in environmental policy formulation and implementation. After a short discussion of the main functions and challenges of environmental governance the paper addresses the issue of stakeholder participation and the claim of “democratic deficits” in international environmental governance. It stresses that while non-state actor involvement does not necessarily increase democratic legitimacy, it may nevertheless increase the quality of the environmental policy processes. It will then argue that certain international processes such as the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) have led to an unsatisfactory situation of non-state actor involvement where excessive formalization and proceduralization impede active interaction and input of expertise from non-state actors. It seems that the interaction between state and non-state actors in some of today’s international processes, such as the CSD, has led to a zero-sum gamewhere no party is really benefiting from the contributions of the other. This paper will suggest several changes to get beyond this zero-sum game mentality, including de-formalization of participation, replacement of generalist non-governmental organizations with those that specialize in specific fields, and reformation of the relationship between state and non-state actors so that each might come to see the other as a partner, not as a competitor. It will conclude by arguing that neither the alleged lack of an authoritative, effective central institution addressing the main environmental problems, nor the so-called “democratic deficit” is the main challenge to today’s international environmental governance, but the lack of political will. Political will, however, is not an absolute; it can and has to be stimulated. And this may be one of the most productive contributions that non-state actors can make.
description: Consilience, No 2 (2009): Issue Two: 2009
พิษเฉียบพลันของสารสกัดจากกระดุมทองเลื้อยในหนูขาว
Creators: name: อัญชัน ไตรธิเลน
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Year: 2556
Subjects: กระดุมทองเลื้อย, พิษเฉียบพลัน, ค่าเคมีโลหิต, ค่าทางโลหิตวิทยา

description: ฉบับพิเศษ, วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
On blow up for the energy super critical defocusing {nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations
Creators: name: Raphael, Pierre
name: Merle, Frank
name: Rodnianski, Igor
name: Szeftel, Jeremie
Publisher: name: arXiv:1912.11009
Year: 2019

description: We consider the energy supercritical {\em defocusing} nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation $$i\pa_tu+\Delta u-u|u|^{p-1}=0$$ in dimension $d\ge 5$. In a suitable range of energy supercritical parameters $(d,p)$, we prove the existence of $\mathcal C^\infty$ well localized spherically symmetric initial data such that the corresponding unique strong solution blows up in finite time. Unlike other known blow up mechanisms, the singularity formation does not occur by concentration of a soliton or through a self similar solution, which are unknown in the defocusing case, but via a {\em front mechanism}. Blow up is achieved by {\em compression} for the associated hydrodynamical flow which in turn produces a highly oscillatory singularity. The front blow up profile is chosen among the countable family of {\em $\mathcal C^\infty$} spherically symmetric self similar solutions to the compressible Euler equation whose existence and properties in a suitable range of parameters are established in the companion paper \cite{MRRSprofile}.
2D Fokker-Planck models of rotating clusters
Creators: name: Fiestas, J.
name: Spurzem, R.
name: Kim, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Globular clusters rotate significantly, and with the increasing amount of detailed morphologicaland kinematical data obtained in recent years on galactic globular clusters many interesting features show up. We show how our theoretical evolutionary models of rotating clusters can be used to obtain fits, which at least properly model the overall rotation and its implied kinematics in full 2D detail (dispersions, rotation velocities). Our simplified equal mass axisymmetric rotatingmodel provides detailed two-dimensional kinematical and morphological data for star clusters. The degree of rotation is not dominant in energy, but also non-negligible for the phase space distribution function, shape and kinematics of clusters. Therefore the models are well applicable for galactic globular clusters. Since previously published papers on that matter by us made it difficult to do detailed comparisons with observations we provide a much more comprehensive and easy-to-use set of data here, which uses as entries dynamical age and flattening of observed cluster andthen offers a limited range of applicable models in full detail. The method, data structure and some exemplary comparison with observations are presented. Future work will improve modelling anddata base to take a central black hole, a mass spectrum and stellar evolution into account.
Discourse facilitation of language production by a nonfluent aphasic adult
Creators: name: Wirth, Dian Carrol
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study investigated the language production of a single nonfluent aphasic individual as it varied across a number of discourse tasks. The tasks were hypothesized to affect the performance of the aphasic individual differentially because they varied in terms of number of extralinguistic variables, although the support factors do not necessarily contribute equivalent amounts of support. The extralinguistic variables included: schematic structure, temporal structure, visual support, retelling opportunity, familiar context and graphic representation of the semantic relations that form the basis of a discourse. The tasks also varied in terms of discourse type: fairytale, procedural discourse, memorable experience, sequence picture, expository discourse and complex picture description. A theory of sentence production (Garrett, 1980,1982,1984) provided a framework for identification of a number of dependent variables that were representative of the subject's level of language impairment at the functional and positional levels of Garrett's theory. Results indicated that discourse type was a factor in the subject's differential performance, measured in terms of length of discourse (words per discourse and utterances per discourse), length of utterance, the proportion of complete sentences (in relation to total utterances), and production of verbs in relation to the production of nouns. The number of extralinguistic variables was a factor in the subject's differential performance, measured in terms of the total number of words produced per minute per discourse and complete sentences as a proportion of total utterances. Also, the subject produced a greater proportion of complete sentences and a greater proportion of sentences having three arguments in a task represented in a format that emphasized the semantic relations of a discourse than in a task that did not, when all other variables were held constant. The subject produced longer discourses (measured in total number of words), a larger number of verb tokens, and a greater proportion of complete sentences in tasks having schematic structure than in tasks that did not, when all other variables were held constant. The results suggest that certain discourse tasks facilitate certain aspects of language production better than others. Knowledge of which discourse tasks are more facilitative is important for the assessment, and potentially, the treatment of aphasia.
วิธีการสกัดและตัวทำละลายที่แตกต่างกันในการสกัดพืชวงศ์ขิง (Zingiberaceae) เพื่อการควบคุมเชื้อรา Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc.
Creators: name: วิไลลักษณ์ บุญหลาย
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Year: 2556
Subjects: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., แอนแทรคโนส, สารสกัดจากพืช

description: ฉบับพิเศษ, วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
The rare X-ray flaring activity of the Ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 4559 X7
Creators: name: Pintore, Fabio
name: Motta, S.
name: Pinto, C.
name: Bernardini, M. G.
name: Rodriguez-Castillo, G.
name: Salvaterra, R.
name: Israel, G. L.
name: Esposito, P.
name: Ambrosi, E.
name: Salvaggio, C.
name: Zampieri, L.
name: Wolter, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultraluminous X-ray sources are considered amongst the most extremely accreting objects in the local Universe. The recent discoveries of pulsating neutron stars in ULXs strengthened the scenario of highly super-Eddington accretion mechanisms on stellar mass compact objects. In this work, we present the first long-term light curve of the source NGC 4559 X7 using all the available Swift, XMM-Newton, Chandra and NuSTAR data. Thanks to the high quality 2019 XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations, we investigated in an unprecedented way the spectral and temporal properties of NGC 4559 X7. The source displayed flux variations of up to an order of magnitude and an unusual flaring activity. We modelled the spectra from NGC 4559 X7 with a combination of two thermal components, testing also the addition of a further high energy cut-off powerlaw. We observed a spectral hardening associated with a luminosity increase during the flares, and a spectral softening in the epochs far from the flares. Narrow absorption and emission lines were also found in the RGS spectra, suggesting the presence of an outflow. Furthermore, we measured hard and (weak) soft lags with magnitudes of a few hundreds of seconds whose origin is possibly be due to the accretion flow. We interpret the source properties in terms of a super-Eddington accretion scenario assuming the compact object is either a light stellar mass black hole or a neutron star.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 14 pages, 10 figures and 2 tables
Origin of Disc Lopsidedness in the Eridanus Group of Galaxies
Creators: name: Angiras, R. A.
name: Jog, C. J.
name: Omar, A.
name: Dwarakanath, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The HI surface density maps for a sample of 18 galaxies in the Eridanus group are Fourier analysed. This analysis gives the radial variation of the lopsidedness in the HI spatial distribution. The lopsidedness is quantified by the Fourier amplitude $A_1$ of the $m=1$ component normalized to the average value. It is also shown that in the radial region where the stellar disc and HI overlap, their $A_1$ coefficients are comparable. All the galaxies studied show significant lopsidedness in HI. The mean value of $A_1$ in the inner regions of the galaxies (1.5 - 2.5 scale lengths) is $\geq 0.2$. This value of $A_1$ is twice the average value seen in the field galaxies. Also, the lopsidedness is found to be smaller for late-type galaxies, this is opposite to the trend seen in the field galaxies. These two results indicate a different physical origin for disc lopsidedness in galaxies in a group environment compared to the field galaxies. Further, a large fraction ($\sim$ 30%) shows a higher degree of lopsidedness ($A_1 \geq 0.3$). It is also seen that the disk lopsidedness increases with the radius as demonstrated in earlier studies, but over a radial range that is two timeslarger than done in the previous studies. The average lopsidedness of the halo potential is estimated to be $\sim 10$%, assuming that the lopsidedness in HI disc is due to its response to the halo asymmetry.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
THE IRONY OF AFRICAN RELIGIOSITY
Creators: name: Ugwu, Anayochukwu Kingsley M.A
name: Akpa, Ejike, (Ph.D)
name: Udom, Martins Solomon (Ph.D)
Publisher: name: SADI Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: Irony
African
Religiosity
Morality
Inhuman
Authenticity

description: It could be said that no man is born without a certain level of religious consciousness; but that of the African is exceedingly made manifest in his personality and world view. This explains why the African has been identified as highly religious. The central concern of this paper is that the more religious the African becomes/claims to be, the more evil and inhuman he appears to become. In other words, his religiosity appears to offer him nothing but a refuge to hide his evil and inhuman tendencies. It is upon this that this paper asks: what does it really mean to be religious? Is religiosity the same thing with morality? What is the relevance of religiosity without morality? What is the relationship between religiosity and morality? It is from this perspective that this paper defends the thesis that African religiosity has ironically enhanced his existential in-authenticity and inhumanity. At the end, this paper shall expose the African to certain existentialist principles that will facilitate his authenticity and prove how religiosity without morality is only but a mere human participation to fulfil social obligation. It shall expose the African to the real knowledge of morality and the guiding principles to an objective concept of morality. In doing this, the paper shall adopt an expository method to critically evaluate the African religiosity
From the Global to the Local: How International Children’s Rights in Bangladesh Reach the Grassroots Level
Creators: name: Schapper, Andrea
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: The Government of Bangladesh has ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the ILO Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention. Although national legislation pertaining to children’s rights is inconsistent and the National Child Labor Policy has yet to be adopted, many activities to transport children’s rights principles to underprivileged children have already been initiated in Bangladesh. These mainly take the form of projects by International Organizations or the Bangladesh Government, implemented through local Non-Governmental Organizations or local government structures. Two programs are introduced here, the rural “Food for Education” Program and the urban project, “Prevention and Elimination of Selected Worst Forms of Child Labour in the Informal Economy in Dhaka City”. Both are analyzed in terms of what mechanisms and actor constellations were used to promote children’s rights at the grassroots level. Even though these projects reflect the principles of global norms and transport them to the local people, reaching out to a high number of underprivileged and poor children remains a challenge.
description: Consilience, No 2 (2009): Issue Two: 2009
การประยุกต์ใช้ระบบสูบน้ำเสียจากบ่อเกรอะ (STEP) เข้ากับระบบบำบัดน้ำเสียรวมระดับชุมชน
Creators: name: วิจิตรา สิงห์หิรัญนุสรณ์
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Year: 2556
Subjects: การบำบัดน้ำเสีย, ระบบบ่อเกรอะ, เครื่องสูบน้ำเสีย, อัตราการไหลของน้ำเสีย

description: ฉบับพิเศษ, วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Creation of Entanglement between Two Electron Spins Induced by Many Spin Ensemble Excitations
Creators: name: Ai, Qing
name: Li, Yong
name: Long, Guilu
name: Sun, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically explore the possibility of creating spin entanglement by simultaneously coupling two electronic spins to a nuclear ensemble. By microscopically modeling the spin ensemble with a single mode boson field, we use the time-dependent Fröhlich transformation (TDFT) method developed most recently [Yong Li, C. Bruder, and C. P. Sun, Phys. Rev. A \textbf{75}, 032302 (2007)] to calculate the effective coupling between the two spins. Our investigation shows that the total system realizes a solid state based architecture for cavity QED. Exchanging such kind effective boson in a virtual process can result in an effective interaction between two spins. It is discovered that a maximum entangled state can be obtained when the velocity of the electrons matches the initial distance between them in a suitable way. Moreover, we also study how the number of collective excitations influences the entanglement. It is shown that the larger the number of excitation is, the less the two spins entangle each other.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
คุณภาพน้ำนมจากถังรวบรวมนมของเกษตรกรรายย่อยในเขตพื้นที่จังหวัดมหาสารคาม
Creators: name: นัทธมน ตั้งจิตวัฒนาชัย
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Year: 2556
Subjects: เกษตรกรรายย่อย, คุณภาพน้ำนม, สุขศาสตร์น้ำนม

description: ฉบับพิเศษ, วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
An evaluation of user performance with inductive coupling of hearing aids and telephone receivers incorporating receiver amplification
Creators: name: Hanusaik, Linda Irene
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Previous research has shown the benefit obtained by hard of hearing people when using inductive means (T-switch) to couple their hearing aids to telephone receivers. Benefit provided by receiver amplification in the telephone handset has also been shown. Informal surveys of hard of hearing people indicate that many of them use telephones having a dual capability: magnetic coupling and receiver amplification. The objective of this investigation was to study user performance with this dual capability. In particular, the effect of receiver amplification on the speech perception ability (as measured by R-SPIN test items) of 10 hard of hearing subjects using inductive means to couple their hearing aid to a telephone receiver was examined under both good and poor telephone line conditions. The influence of the predictability of the speech material presented was also investigated by noting any difference between the subjects' performance on high predictability items and performance on low predictability items (of the R-SPIN test). Results showed that the use of receiver amplification in conjunction with inductive coupling significantly improved the subjects' speech perception scores. Not surprisingly, good telephone line conditions also significantly improved the subjects' scores. Improvement due to receiver amplification was noted, irrespective of line conditions. Similarly, improvement due to good line conditions was observed, irrespective of whether amplification was used or not. Both receiver amplification and good line conditions had significant and positive effects on both low predictability and high predictability scores. We conclude that with speech either in or out of context, receiver amplification will be of benefit to those who use inductive coupling. Clinical implications and recommendations are discussed.
Additional file 1 of The effectiveness of antibacterial therapeutic clothing based on silver or chitosan as compared with non-antibacterial therapeutic clothing in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (ABC trial): study protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ragamin, Aviël
name: Fieten, Karin B.
name: Tupker, Ron A.
name: de Wit, Jill
name: van Mierlo, Minke M. F.
name: Jansen, Marieke S.
name: Bronner, Madelon B.
name: Schappin, Renske
name: Schuren, Frank H. J.
name: Romeijn, Margreet L. E.
name: Arents, Bernd W. M.
name: Polinder, Suzanne
name: de Graaf, Marlies
name: Rustemeyer, Thomas
name: Schuttelaar, Marie L. A.
name: Pasmans, Suzanne G. M. A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
Off resonance background effects in e+e- -> t anti-t H
Creators: name: Kolodziej, Karol
name: Szczypinski, Szymon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The top quark Yukawa coupling to the intermediate mass Higgs boson can be determined in the reaction e+e- -> t anti-t H that, after taking into account decays, will be detected at the International Linear Collider through reactions with 8 particles in the final state. Such 2 -> 8 reactions receive contributions from tens thousands of Feynman diagrams, already in the lowest order of Standard Model, most of which comprise background to resonant associated production and decay of the top quark pair and Higgs boson. We illustrate the background effects by comparing cross sections of three reactions, which represent different detection channels of e+e- -> t anti-t H, calculated with the complete sets of the lowest order Feynman diagrams with the corresponding signal cross sections calculated with the diagrams of associated production and decay of off mass shell top quark pair and Higgs boson only. The comparison that is performed with different selections of cuts shows that the background effects are sizeable, but they can be reduced by appropriate choice of cuts.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, substantially revised version, accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys. B
PASQUALE PORRO, Tommaso d’Aquino. Un profilo storico-filosofico
Creators: name: FINISTRELLA, SALVATORE
Publisher: name: Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Università di Ferrara
Year: 2014
Subjects: Storia della filosofia; Filosofia medievale; Tommaso d'Aquino, Pasquale Porro

description: I castelli di Yale online, volume II, numero 2, 2014
Performance of STBC MC-CDMA systems over outdoor realistic MIMO channels
Creators: name: Portier, Fabrice
name: Baudais, Jean-Yves
name: Hélard, Jean-François
name: Collaboration, the Projet europeen IST-MATRICE
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper deals with orthogonal space-time block coded MC-CDMA systems in outdoor realistic downlink scenarios with up to two transmit and receive antennas. Assuming no channel state information at the transmitter, we compare several linear single-user detection and spreading schemes, with or without channel coding, achieving a spectral efficiency of 1-2 bits/s/Hz. The different results obtained demonstrate that spatial diversity significantly improves the performance of MC-CDMA systems, and allows different chip-mapping without notably decreasing performance. Moreover, the global system exhibits a good trade-off between complexity at mobile stations and performance. Then, Alamouti's STBC MC-CDMA schemes derive full benefit from the frequency and spatial diversities and can be considered as a very realistic and promising candidate for the air interface downlink of the 4/sup th/ generation mobile radio systems.
MICAELA LATINI E ALDO MECCARIELLO (A CURA DI), L’uomo e la (sua) fine. Saggi su Günther Anders
Creators: name: RAGNI, FRANCESCO
Publisher: name: Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Università di Ferrara
Year: 2014
Subjects: Storia della filosofia; Filosofia contemporanea; Günther Stern Anders;

description: I castelli di Yale online, volume II, numero 2, 2014
Additional file 1 of Association of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index with the survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy
Creators: name: Karayama, Masato
name: Inoue, Yusuke
name: Yasui, Hideki
name: Hozumi, Hironao
name: Suzuki, Yuzo
name: Furuhashi, Kazuki
name: Fujisawa, Tomoyuki
name: Enomoto, Noriyuki
name: Nakamura, Yutaro
name: Inui, Naoki
name: Suda, Takafumi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Figure. Progression-free and overall survival after platinum-based chemotherapy according to four levels of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI).
A new class of smoothing methods for mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints
Creators: name: Haddou, Mounir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A class of smoothing methods is proposed for solving mathematical programs with equimibrium constraints. We introduce new and very simple regularizations of the complementarity constraints. Some estimate distance to optimal solution and expansions of the optimal value function are presented. Limited numerical experiments using SNOPT algorithm are presented to verify the efficiency of our approach.
Von Neumann's expanding model on random graphs
Creators: name: De Martino, A
name: Martelli, C
name: Monasson, R
name: Castillo, I Perez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of Von Neumann's expanding model, we study the maximum growth rate r achievable by an autocatalytic reaction network in which reactions involve a finite (fixed or fluctuating) number D of reagents. r is calculated numerically using a variant of the Minover algorithm, and analytically via the cavity method for disordered systems. As the ratio between the number of reactions and that of reagents increases the system passes from a contracting (r<1) to an expanding regime (r>1). These results extend the scenario derived in the fully connected model ($D\to\infinity$), with the important difference that, generically, larger growth rates are achievable in the expanding phase for finite D and in more diluted networks. Moreover, the range of attainable values of r shrinks as the connectivity increases.
description: 20 pages
Type II superstring field theory revisited
Creators: name: Kunitomo, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconstruct a complete type II superstring field theory with L-infinity structure in a symmetric way concerning the left- and right-moving sectors. Based on the new construction, we show again that the tree-level S-matrix agrees with that obtained using the first-quantization method. Not only is this a simple and elegant reconstruction, but it also enables the action to be mapped to that in the WZW-like superstring field theory, which has not yet been constructed and fills the only gap in the WZW-like formulation.
description: 35 pages, 5 figures
Report on Third Round of Benchmarks
Creators: name: Sanz Rodrigo, Javier
name: Chávez Arroyo, Roberto Aurelio
name: Gottschall, Julia
name: Dörenkämper, Martin
name: Witha, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: wind energy
wind resource assessment
validation
benchmark

description: This report summarizes the third round of benchmarks conducted under the NEWA validation strategy [1]. The first round of microscale benchmarks [2] was directed to developing microscale models that can be driven with mesoscale input forcing, include thermal stratification of the atmospheric boundary layer and high resolution digital models of heterogeneous forest canopy characteristics based on aerial lidar-scan data. These fundamental implementations were developed around the GABLS3 diurnal-cycle and Ryningsnäs forest canopy benchmarks, both in flat terrain conditions. By model intercomparison, NEWA modelers found reasonably good consistency in the simulation of these cases, establishing common understanding of the modeling capabilities of the group before attempting more complex simulation challenges in connection to the NEWA experiments. The second round of benchmarks [3] focused on flow modeling over forested terrain based on the Rödeser Berg and Hornamossen experiments to add terrain complexity to the baseline settings used in GABLS3 and Ryningsnäs. A follow-up benchmark from GABLS3, based at the Cabauw tower, served to launch the “NEWA Meso-Micro Challenge for Wind Resource Assessment” to address the evaluation of a hierarchy of methodologies that incorporate mesoscale-to-microscale downscaling and understand the added-value compared to traditional approaches for site assessment that rely only on microscale modeling. The third round continues with the second phase of the challenge in complex terrain, starting with Rödeser Berg. Following the NEWA validation strategy the benchmarks will be directed to flow cases targeting the validation of specific phenomena, as well as case studies that integrate these models in wind resource assessment methodologies to assess the impact on relevant quantities of interest for the wind industry such as annual energy prediction, site assessment characteristics, mean profiles, etc. Additionally, the Ferry Lidar benchmark was launched to test mesoscale models predicting the wind profile along a ship track in the Southern Baltic Sea. With the NEWA project concluded, the meso-micro challenge will continue in the frame of the IEA-Wind Task 31 “Wakebench” as new benchmarks are generated from the database of experiments [4].
Towards Sustainable Wastewater Reuse in the Middle East and North Africa
Creators: name: Abu-Madi, Maher
name: Al-Sa'ed, Rashed
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: Water has a precious value, and each drop must be accounted for in water scarce regions such as the Middle East and North Africa. Therefore, wastewater has to be reclassified as a renewable water resource rather than as waste. This helps in augmenting water availability, and at the same time in preventing environmental pollution. Utilization of this resource requires collection, treatment, and use of all generated wastewater. Although reuse of wastewater is recognized in most water-scarce countries, the reuse of wastewater is still very low. This paper analyzes the major components of a sustainable wastewater reuse scheme. It also reviews the different methods that are frequently used to quantify and report progress and achievements in wastewater reuse. The paper also introduces an alternative yardstick named by the author as the Wastewater Reuse Index (WRI) that has a value between 0-100; WRI is calculated by dividing the amounts of wastewater being actually reused by the total amounts of wastewater generated at country level. WRI enables water resource managers and policymakers to put a figure on the gap between achievements at different junctures. Moreover, WRI recognizes water saving efforts such as low water consumption and reducing losses; thus, WRI highlights the way forward for improving the reuse efficiency as an integral part of water resources management. The paper highlights the major barriers to extensive reuse of the reclaimed wastewater in the MNEA countries.
description: Consilience, No 2 (2009): Issue Two: 2009
Probing the Effective Number of Neutrino Species with Cosmic Microwave Background
Creators: name: Ichikawa, Kazuhide
name: Sekiguchi, Toyokazu
name: Takahashi, Tomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how much we can probe the effective number of neutrino species N_nu with cosmic microwave background alone. Using the data of WMAP, ACBAR, CBI and BOOMERANG experiments, we obtain a constraint on the effective number of neutrino species as 0.96< N_nu <7.94 at 95% C.L. for a power-law LCDM flat universe model. The limit is improved to be 1.39 < N_nu < 6.38 at 95% C.L. if we assume that the baryon density, N_nu and the helium abundance are related by the big bang nucleosynthesis theory. We also provide a forecast for the PLANCK experiment using a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. In addition to constraining N_nu, we investigate how the big bang nucleosynthesis relation affects the estimation for these parameters and other cosmological parameters.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables; update after WMAP 5-year results; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
MARCELLA RAVENNA E GIUDITTA BRUNELLI (A CURA DI), Il giorno della memoria all’Università di Ferrara. Iniziative realizzate dal 2002 al 2014
Creators: name: PUGIOTTO, ANDREA
Publisher: name: Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Università di Ferrara
Year: 2014
Subjects: Storia delle idee; Storia contemporanea; Ebraismo italiano; Ferrara;

description: I castelli di Yale online, volume II, numero 2, 2014
SILVIA BENCIVELLI E FRANCESCO PAOLO DE CEGLIA, Comunicare la scienza
Creators: name: OPPO, DANIELE
Publisher: name: Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Università di Ferrara
Year: 2014
Subjects: Teorid della Comunicazione; Teorie dell'Informazione; Tecniche di comunicazione scientifica

description: I castelli di Yale online, volume II, numero 2, 2014
Changing Places: Las Vegas/San Francisco/New Orleans
Creators: name: Kolster, Michael
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: Dates: 2001-2007Locations: Las Vegas/San Francisco/New OrleansSupporting Institution: funding for the project has been provided by Bowdoin College These photographs come from a long-term and ongoing project concerned with how we perceive and are affected by changes in the places we inhabit. New Orleans finds itself in a precarious position relative to the “natural” demands of its geographic location. Eighty percent of the city was flooded in 2005; as many of us now realize, most of the city is located below the level of the water that borders it. Due to where it is physically located, in 50 years New Orleans will most likely look nothing like it does today.Coincident to or perhaps because of its location, New Orleans has developed an identity that represents a diversion from the cultural norms associated with mainstream America. Known as the Big Easy for the ease with which musicians could find work, it displays front and center its difference from the rest of America during its celebration of Mardi Gras.What should be an obvious truth, that a place’s physical location and features have a profound affect on the lives and outlooks of its inhabitants, is often overlooked. Saying we live “in” a place, rather than “on” or “with” it, concedes how entirely a place encompasses us physically. It acknowledges the pervasive affect the place’s external imperatives have upon our psyches, our perceptions of self and others, andthe desires we pursue.Now that popular consensus is embracing the fact that our world is growing warmer, the uncertain futures this city faces today may well be a harbinger of change facing the places we all live in. Has a sequence of events already been set in motion that will irrevocably alter how and where all of us will be able to live? And if so, how will this fact affect how we relate to each other and to the places we inhabit?These photographs describe relationships between elements in the landscape that are specific to a particular day, hour, and fraction of a second. What is important to keep in mind is that each triptych presented here comprises a series of individual and distinct photographs. Each individual “frame” within the triptych is its own point in time and each corresponds to a distinct piece of film that I exposed. Taking in the scene presented by the triptych is analogous to how each of us encounters a prospect. By pausing slightly and regularly we set into motion a mental “imagining” in order to see things more completely.I hope each piece’s particularity, its reference to a specific location in time as well as space, stimulates speculation about how different that place appears at this very moment, were you able to behold it for yourself. And more exciting is to ponder what it might look like tomorrow, next month, and 50 years hence.
description: Consilience, No 3 (2010): Issue Three: 2010
Analyse de l'impact de l'entrepreneuriat sur la réduction de la pauvreté au Mali : Cas de quelques entrepreneurs de Bamako
Creators: name: Mohamed Amadou Salia DICKO
name: Oumar Diandjo TRAORE
name: Adama KONE
name: Salia Sinaly TRAORE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Le présent article est une recherche consacrée à l’entreprenariat, nous nous intéressons à cette étude pour savoir si l'entrepreneuriat contribue effectivement à lutter contre la pauvreté au Mali en générale et à Bamako en particulier. L’objectif principal ce travail vise à montrer l'influence de l'entrepreneuriat dans la lutte contre la pauvreté à Bamako. La méthodologie utilisée pour la présente recherche est la méthode descriptive qui se base sur une analyse statistique à travers des graphiques, des tableaux croisés. Les données ont été collectées auprès de 100 entrepreneurs œuvrant dans les différents secteurs d'activités , les logiciels Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) la version 20 et le R (4.2.1) ont été utilisées pour analyser les données.

Les résultats de cette étude montrent que l'entrepreneuriat est un moyen par excellence de lutte contre la pauvreté.
Gross National Happiness – A Real Alternative or a Romantic Wish? Impressions From the Fourth International Conference on Gross National Happiness in Bhutan
Creators: name: Fishman, Ram Mukul
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: Back in the 1970s, when discussion concerning economic development was monopolized by the concept of Gross National Product (GNP), King Jigme Singye Wangchuck of Bhutan developed the term Gross National Hapiness (GNH) as an alternative approach to development. Though the last 25 years of his reign saw Bhutan’s economy grow at an average annual rate of 7% while maintaining environmental quality and social capital, the recent stepping down of the king and the transition to democracy have left Bhutanese policy with an aspiration to uphold his GNH legacy, but without his intuitive guidance on its practical pursuit. In its absence, there is a need to base the concept of GNH on a concrete, objective basis. As an effort to place the discussion on a quantitative and rigorous social scientific basis, Bhutan is inviting scholars from around the world through its annual international conference on GNH. This field note offers a discussion reflecting upon the conference and the concept of GNH.
description: Consilience, No 3 (2010): Issue Three: 2010
Donor implanted Back-gates in GaAs for MBE-grown highest mobility two-dimensional electron systems
Creators: name: Scharnetzky, Jan
name: Baumann, Philipp
name: Reichl, Christian
name: Karl, Helmut
name: Dietsche, Werner
name: Wegscheider, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three different elements, Silicon, Selenium, and Tellurium, are ion-implanted in Gallium arsenide to form a conducting layer that serves as a back-gate to a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) overgrown two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). While the heavy ion Tellurium creates too many damages in the gallium arsenide to form a conducting layer, both Silicon and Selenium show promising results combined with MBE-grown high-quality 2DEGs. Similar 2DEG mobility compared to non-implanted reference samples is achieved for both Silicon and Selenium implanted structures. Individual contacts to the back-gate are challenging. However, Silicon implanted structures, annealed before the MBE growth, result in a function back-gate, and the electron density of the 2DEG is tuned via the back-gate.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Poorest in the West: Probing Haiti’s Image in the Wake of the 2008 Hurricane Season
Creators: name: Cooke, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: In the fall of 2008, Haiti was hit by a series of tropical storms that caused widespread flooding, hundreds of deaths, and costly damage to farm fields, roads, and buildings. Although a portion of the destruction is attributable to the vagaries of nature, the extent of the devastation and the frequency of such events in Haiti lead to deeper questions about the history of environmental degradation and the failure of development efforts in the country. Internal corruption and external profiteering have each played a role in the country’s economic and environmental collapse since its independence over 200 years ago. Currently, most investors have been scared away by Haiti’s precarious political state while many non-profit organizations have adopted a narrow focus on surface issues. The failure to address the root causes of environmental destruction in Haiti has resulted in repeated disasters that destroy any development progress made during the intervening years. This report examines Haiti’s past and future in light of the author’s experiences in Gonaives during the 2008 hurricane season. It also introduces the work of two organizations—one non-profit and one for-profit—that are striving to reshape Haiti’s image through integrated economic and environmental reforms.
description: Consilience, No 3 (2010): Issue Three: 2010
Confined placental mosaicism in spontaneous abortions
Creators: name: Gärtner, Anita Brigitte
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: One hundred and eleven early spontaneous abortions were examined for the presence of confined chromosomal mosaicism. For each specimen amnion, chorionic plate, chorionic villi, and umbilical cord were sampled and processed using long term tissue culture techniques. In addition, direct preparation techniques were applied to the chorionic villi. Thus both the cytotrophoblast and the villous stroma fibroblasts of the chorionic villi were assessed. These placental tissues were representative of three developmental cell lineages: (1) trophoblast via cytotrophoblast, (2) extraembryonic mesoderm via chorionic villous stroma and chorionic plate, and (3) embryonic ectoderm via amnion and umbilical cord. Fifteen metaphases per tissue were cytogenetically analyzed. Forty spontaneous abortions yielded cytogenetic results, and consisted of 11 karyotypically normal and 29 abnormal specimens. The chromosomal anomalies observed were trisomy, triploidy, structural anomalies, monosomy X, and confined mosaicism involving trisomic and tetraploid cell lines. Ten percent of the studied specimens revealed a confined mosaic constitution suggesting that this chromosomal defect is common in the spontaneous abortion population. Segregation or cleavage errors are thought to have taken place within 3 diploid and 1 trisomic conceptus. The timing of the mitotic error can be estimated from the affected placental tissues. Although the contribution of confined chromosomal mosaicism to the etiology of pregnancy loss is not clearly understood, any alteration of the genomic content of developmental cell lineages may effect the function of the resulting tissue(s) and therefore the survival or demise of the conceptus.
GAD and Gender Mainstreaming: A Pathway to Sustainable Development?
Creators: name: Brenner, Alletta
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: In recent years there has been increased attention to the importance of gender in securing long-term development goals. Consensus has now been reached that increasing the social status and economic capacity of women is an effective way of improving outcomes. The subject of this paper is the viability of the ‘Gender and Development’ (GAD) paradigm as a means of establishing socially and politically sustainable gains for women in developing countries. The author examines the GAD paradigm using the case study of ‘Gender Mainstreaming’ in the reconstruction and development of Afghanistan since 2001. Through an analysis of some of the problems encountered so far, the author questions whether such an approach is likely to actually result in long-term, sustainable improvement in that country. Three key issues include: marginalization of ‘Gender Mainstreaming’; lack of state capacity; and failures to fully integrate programs into social and cultural contexts. Though reconstruction efforts have clearly resulted in some improvement, it is argued that it is unclear whether such an approach will lead to long-term progress. Rather, there is strong evidence that GAD can actually contribute to the further politicization of gender and result in a backlash against reforms. Ultimately, the goals that the GAD paradigm attempts to achieve are extremely difficult to translate into effective practice, especially in highly volatile and politicized situations. In conclusion, the author finds that sustainable and transformative change may be elusive if one simply applies new aims to old models of aid provision.
description: Consilience, No 2 (2009): Issue Two: 2009
An Agrarian Portrait of HIV
Creators: name: Starling, Summer
Publisher: name: Consilience
Year: 2020

description: INTRODUCTION [June – August 2008; Arusha, Tanzania; Global Service Corps] An often-unnoticed face of HIV in Tanzania is distinctly agrarian. For farming communities in the Arusha area of Tanzania, the connection between food security and HIV is hard to ignore. About 8 out of 100 people in Tanzania are living with the virus. Livelihoods claimed by the HIV epidemic are increasingly young men and women whose families depend on their labor on family-run gardens and farms. A trend toward young people migrating from their rural communities for life in urban centers has been well documented in the last ten years. This trend, combined with HIV infection rates among the young, have a crippling effect on food security in the isolated hills outside Arusha. Whole communities struggle with drops in local food production, loss of market opportunities, and high imported food costs. Women comprise the majority of Tanzanian food producers in rural settings – roughly 90% of women in Arusha district engage in subsistence farming and market activities every day. As the HIV epidemic reaches more and more rural areas, women bear newer roles as farmers, breadwinners, and caretakers to those family or community members with HIV. Global Service Corps (GSC) is a San Francisco-based non-profit that facilitates HIV education workshops and bio-intensive agriculture trainings for people in the Arusha area, making the critical connection between HIV prevention and sustainable farming. Trainings stress a multi-generational, family-centered approach to HIV prevention, and include discussions around sexual decision-making, negotiation, and condom use. Most recently, GSC has launched HIV-prevention day camps for secondary school students to help them stay HIV-free. Bio-intensive agriculture (BIA) trainings instruct on sack-gardening, crop rotation, companion planting, and other labor-saving farming techniques. These trainings also emphasize family nutrition and sustained crop yield. Numbers of people in the Arusha community receiving both BIA and HIV trainings are on the rise. Embracing an ecological perspective in the fight against HIV and food insecurity, Global Service Corps’ operations set a sustainable example for integrating disciplines on the ground for improved quality of life.
description: Consilience, No 3 (2010): Issue Three: 2010
A new chemodynamical tool to study the evolution of galaxies in the local Universe: a quick and accurate numerical technique to compute gas cooling rate for any chemical composition
Creators: name: Champavert, Nicolas
name: Wozniak, Hervé
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a quick and accurate numerical tool to compute gas cooling whichever its chemical composition.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of "Heating vs. Cooling in Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies", August 2006, Garching (Germany), Eds. Boehringer, Schuecker, Pratt, Finoguenov, Springer-Verlag series "ESO Astrophysics Symposia"