cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Testing risk and protective factor assumptions in the Icelandic model of adolescent substance use prevention
Creators: name: Allegrante, John P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Teenagers--Substance use
Teenagers--Substance use--Prevention
Substance abuse--Prevention
Public health
Epidemiology

description: Iceland has witnessed a dramatic decline in adolescent substance use that may be partly the result of efforts related to the Icelandic prevention model (IPM). We sought to test risk and protective factor assumptions of the IPM using a prospective cohort study with 12 months separating baseline from follow-up. Participants were students in grades 8 and 9 in the national Icelandic school system enrolled in the spring of 2018 and 2019 (N=2165). Participants self-reported their experiences of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and cannabis use and seven risk and protective factors. Analyses were conducted with generalized linear modeling with extension to general estimating equations with correlated outcomes data. Both individual main-effects models and collective models including all main-effects were tested. Out of 28 individual main-effects models, 23 produced findings consistent with study premises (P<0.05). Multiple main-effects models largely sustained the findings of the individual main-effects models. Findings support the assumption that the risk and protective factors commonly emphasized in the IPM are associated with the four different substance use outcomes in the hypothesized direction. Communities that plan to implement the IPM among adolescents might consider these factors in their work.
Nicola Gardini: Viva il Latino. Storie e bellezza di una lingua inutile
Creators: name: Schmitzer, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Forum Classicum
Year: 2017

description: Rezension zu: Nicola Gardini: Viva il Latino. Storie e bellezza di una lingua inutile. Milano: Garzanti, 3. Auflage, 2016. 240 S.
description: Forum Classicum, Nr. 4 (2016): Forum Classicum
Nonsymmetric multigrid preconditioning for conjugate gradient methods
Creators: name: Bouwmeester, Henricus
name: Dougherty, Andrew
name: Knyazev, Andrew V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We numerically analyze the possibility of turning off post-smoothing (relaxation) in geometric multigrid when used as a preconditioner in conjugate gradient linear and eigenvalue solvers for the 3D Laplacian. The geometric Semicoarsening Multigrid (SMG) method is provided by the hypre parallel software package. We solve linear systems using two variants (standard and flexible) of the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) and preconditioned steepest descent (PSD) methods. The eigenvalue problems are solved using the locally optimal block preconditioned conjugate gradient (LOBPCG) method available in hypre through BLOPEX software. We observe that turning off the post-smoothing in SMG dramatically slows down the standard PCG-SMG. For flexible PCG and LOBPCG, our numerical results show that post-smoothing can be avoided, resulting in overall acceleration, due to the high costs of smoothing and relatively insignificant decrease in convergence speed. We numerically demonstrate for linear systems that PSD-SMG and flexible PCG-SMG converge similarly if SMG post-smoothing is off. We experimentally show that the effect of acceleration is independent of memory interconnection. A theoretical justification is provided.
description: 7 pages
Cursus, Texte und Übungen, Ausgabe A
Creators: name: Schmitz, Dietmar
Publisher: name: Forum Classicum
Year: 2017

description: Rezension zu: Cursus, Texte und Übungen, Ausgabe A. Hrsg. von M. Hotz und F. Maier. C.C. Buchner/Lindauer/ Oldenbourg: München 2016. (ISBN 978-3-661-40100-3)
description: Forum Classicum, Nr. 4 (2016): Forum Classicum
The effect of phenotypic selection on stochastic gene expression
Creators: name: Mora, Thierry
name: Walczak, Aleksandra M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Genetically identical cells in the same population can take on phenotypically variable states, leading to differentiated responses to external signals, such as nutrients and drug-induced stress. Many models and experiments have focused on a description based on discrete phenotypic states. Here we consider the effects of selection acting on a single trait, which we explicitly link to the variable number of proteins expressed by a gene. Considering different regulatory models for the gene under selection, we calculate the steady-state distribution of expression levels and show how the population adapts its expression to enhance its fitness. We quantitatively relate the overall fitness of the population to the heritability of expression levels, and their diversity within the population. We show how selection can increase or decrease the variability in the population, alter the stability of bimodal states, and impact the switching rates between metastable attractors.
title: Hypervelocity Impacts onto Spherical Ice Targets with a Liquid Core
Creators: name: Landers, Karl
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2017

description: There has always been interest in icy bodies in the solar system. During the last 10 years there has been focus on icy moons such as Europa and the possible liquid layer underneath its ice shell. This thesis is a starting point for research into hypervelocity impacts impacting a spherical ice shell with a liquid core. It also compares the results to other hypervelocity impacts onto ice, for example Leliwa-Kopystynski (2005) et al. and Burchell et al. (1997). The research in this thesis finds the catastrophic energy density of ice-water core spheres. The conclusion of the data shows the catastrophic energy density is between 14.8±1.6 and 17.6±2.3 J kg?1, whereas solid ice spheres have a catastrophic energy density of 18.0±0.7 J kg?1. The thesis also presents data relating to the impact events, this includes: crater depth, spall diameter, pit diameter, volume of the crater and variation in fragmentation. All these parameters of the impacts were analysed and compared with other data from similar studies that carried out experiment on solid spheres. Other interesting qualitative data was gathered such as slow-motion videos of the impacts. The videos were divided into still images and then analysed. This couldn't be compared to other data as there are no similar videos in the scientific literature.
Resonantly damped oscillations of elliptically shaped stratified emerging coronal loops
Creators: name: Karami, K.
name: Amiri, S.
name: Bahari, K.
name: Ebrahimi, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of both elliptical shape and stage of emergence of the coronal loop on the resonant absorption of standing kink oscillations are studied. To do so, a typical coronal loop is modeled as a zero-beta longitudinally stratified cylindrical magnetic flux tube. We developed the connection formulae for the resonant absorption of standing transversal oscillations of a coronal loop with an elliptical shape, at various stages of its emergence. Using the connection formulae, the dispersion relation is derived and solved numerically to obtain the frequencies and damping rates of the fundamental and first-overtone kink modes. Our numerical results show that both the elliptical shape and stage of emergence of the loop alter the frequencies and damping rates of the tube as well as the ratio of frequencies of the fundamental and its first-overtone modes. However, the ratio of the oscillation frequency to the damping rate is not affected by the tube shape and stage of its emergence and also is independent of the density stratification parameter.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures
Projective lines over Jordan systems and geometry of Hermitian matrices
Creators: name: Blunck, Andrea
name: Havlicek, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51B05 15A57 51A50

description: Any set of $σ$-Hermitian matrices of size $n \times n$ over a field with involution $σ$ gives rise to a projective line in the sense of ring geometry and a projective space in the sense of matrix geometry. It is shown that the two concepts are based upon the same set of points, up to some notational differences.
Investing in Public Health Infrastructure to Address the Complexities of Homelessness
Creators: name: Allegrante, John P.
name: Sleet, David A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Homelessness
Public health
Health--Social aspects
Infrastructure (Economics)
Poverty

description: Homelessness is now recognized as a significant public health problem in North America and throughout advanced economies of the world. The causes of homelessness are complex but the lack of affordable housing, unemployment, poverty, addiction, and mental illness all contribute to the risk for homelessness. We argue that homelessness is increasingly exacerbated by system-wide infrastructure failures occurring at the municipal, state, and federal government levels and whose catastrophic impacts on population health and the response to the COVID-19 pandemic are the consequence of the decades-long devolution of government and neglect to invest in public infrastructure, including a modern public health system.
Adolescent well-being amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Are girls struggling more than boys?
Creators: name: Halldorsdottir, Thorhildur
name: Thorisdottir, Ingibjorg E.
name: Meyers, Caine C. A.
name: Asgeirsdottir, Bryndis Bjork
name: Kristjansson, Alfgeir L.
name: Valdimarsdottir, Heiddis
name: Allegrante, John P.
name: Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease)--Social aspects
Adolescence
Teenage girls--Mental health
Social media
Depression, Mental

description: Background: Differential effects of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated public restrictions on adolescent girls and boys are emerging but have not been elucidated. This study examined gender differences across broad indicators of adolescent well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland, and explored potential explanations for these differences. Methods: In total, 523 youth (56.5% girls) born in Iceland in 2004 completed measures on mental health problems (depressive symptoms, anger and suicide attempts) and measures designed for this study to assess broad indicators of adolescent well-being (e.g., day-to-day life, academic performance, family and peer relationships, and mental and physical health) and behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health problems during the pandemic were compared to expected scores based on nationwide ratings of same-aged peers in 2018. Results: Although both boys and girls appeared affected, girls reported a greater negative impact across all the broad indicators of well-being and behavioral change during COVID-19 than boys, and their depressive symptoms were above and beyond the expected nationwide scores (t(1514) = 4.80, p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.315). Higher depressive symptoms were associated with increased passive social media use and decreased connecting with family members via telephone or social media among girls, and decreased sleeping and increased online gaming alone among boys. Concern about others contracting COVID-19, changes in daily and school routines, and not seeing friends in person were among the primary contributors to poor mental health identified by youth, particularly girls. Conclusions: Adolescents were broadly negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying restrictions; however, this negative impact was more pronounced in girls. The findings suggest that a steady routine and remaining socially connected may help youth cope with the uncertainty and social restrictions associated with a pandemic. Moreover, healthcare providers, teachers, and other professionals should pay close attention to depressive symptoms among girls during a pandemic.
Fuselage and nacelle effects on airplanes as determined by a statistical study of data from the GALCIT 10-foot tunnel
Creators: name: Williams, Edgar Purell
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1942
Subjects: Aeronautics
Aeronautical Engineering

description: NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.

An attempt to base fuselage drag upon wetted area showed no less scatter than [...] as a function of fineness ratio. For average values of [...] for fuselages and flying boat hulls see Figure 12.

The destabilizing effect of fuselages and flying boat hulls based on the volume of a circumscribed cylinder is given in figure 22 as a function of the c.g. position. The fuselage body appears to act somewhat analogous to an airfoil with an aerodynamic center at a point somewhere between the 0.2 and 0.3 body position.

The effect of fuselages and flying boat hulls on [...] is given by figures 23 through 29. One set of figures gives [...] as a function of the destabilizing effect and the other set as a function of the c.g. position.

No successful means of correlating nacelle data was found. Figures 30 through 33 show the magnitude of nacelle drag and moment effects.
Fixing the Business of Food: Aligning Food Company Practices with the SDGs
Creators: name: Agarwal, Urvi
name: Espinosa, Gaëlle
name: Mardirossian, Nora
name: Marrero, Abrania
name: O’Dwyer, Erin
name: Plekenpol, Regan
name: Rincón, Rico
name: Marcela, Diana
name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
name: Sachs, Lisa E.
name: Al Khatib, Maher
name: Busco, Cristiano
name: Cresti, Simone
name: Cupertino, Sebastiano
name: Errera, Giorgio
name: Giovannoni, Elena
name: Perrella, Valerio
name: Riccaboni, Angelo
name: Tozzi, Cristiana
name: Vitale, Gianluca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Agriculture
Food

description: This report is part of an ongoing annual series of reports on Fixing the Business of Food initiated and actively supported by the Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition (BCFN). The report is the product of a team including BCFN, the Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment (CCSI) at Columbia University, the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (UN SDSN), and the Santa Chiara Lab (SCL) of the University of Siena. CCSI and UN SDSN are responsible for Section 1 of the report, on the Four Pillar Framework. Santa Chiara Lab is responsible for Section 2 of the report, on applying the Four Pillar Framework to a selection of major food companies. The BCFN has generously and actively supported the entire project and has been involved in all aspects of this work. We emphasize that Fixing the Business of Food is an annual report and very much a work in progress. The challenges that we are describing and aiming to address are deep, complex, and still very much under-addressed. Food companies are just becoming aware of the magnitude of the crisis, and many governments remain wholly unaware. The UN Food System Summit aims to change this reality, with all due urgency. We recognize that we are just at the start of a longterm transformation of the food system, and other parts of society (energy, infrastructure, health, education, and others) to achieve the SDGs, fulfill the Paris Climate Agreement, and ultimately, to build the future we want. Companies are just now becoming aware of the Four Pillar Framework. We intend to continue to develop, deepen, and expand our work in the years ahead, and therefore welcome comments, feedback, and opportunities for exchanging viewpoints and information.
An Interactive Graph-Based Automation Assistant: A Case Study to Manage the GIPSY's Distributed Multi-tier Run-Time System
Creators: name: Rabah, Sleiman
name: Mokhov, Serguei A.
name: Paquet, Joey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The GIPSY system provides a framework for a distributed multi-tier demand-driven evaluation of heterogeneous programs, in which certain tiers can generate demands, while others can respond to demands to work on them. They are connected through a virtual network that can be flexibly reconfigured at run-time. Although the demand generator components were originally designed specifically for the eductive (demand-driven) evaluation of Lucid intensional programs, the GIPSY's run-time's flexible framework design enables it to perform the execution of various kinds of programs that can be evaluated using the demand-driven computational model. Management of the GISPY networks has become a tedious (although scripted) task that took manual command-line console to do, which does not scale for large experiments. Therefore a new component has been designed and developed to allow users to represent, visualize, and interactively create, configure and seamlessly manage such a network as a graph. Consequently, this work presents a Graphical GMT Manager, an interactive graph-based assistant component for the GIPSY network creation and configuration management. Besides allowing the management of the nodes and tiers (mapped to hosts where store, workers, and generators reside), it lets the user to visually control the network parameters and the interconnection between computational nodes at run-time. In this paper we motivate and present the key features of this newly implemented graph-based component. We give the graph representation details, mapping of the graph nodes to tiers, tier groups, and specific commands. We provide the requirements and design specification of the tool and its implementation. Then we detail and discuss some experimental results.
description: Submitted for publication to RACS
Structure of the Northwestern Puente Hills, Los Angeles County, California
Creators: name: Allen, Charles W.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1949
Subjects: subject: Whittier Fault
subject: Puente Formation
subject: Repetto Formation
subject: Puente Hills
subject: Topanga Formation
subject: Rowland Fault
subject: Sycamore Canyon Formation
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The structure of a part of the northwestern Puente Hills, about four miles east of Whittier, California, is characterized by north dipping marine sandstone, conglomerate, and shale of Upper Miocene and Lower Pliocene ages. These sediments form the north limb of a broad regional anticline that has been faulted by the high-angle Whittier thrust fault which is located just south of the mapped area. The compressive forces that formed the Whittier fault are responsible for additional minor faulting and folding of the area covered in this report.

There are two main fault systems in the area, the Rowland fault system and the English fault system. The Rowland fault system consists of a main high-angle thrust fault with two spur faults. This system has produced some minor folding, some of which Shoes overturning, and some just reversal in dips. Many of the folds have been due wholly to the drag effects of the faults, others due to compressional forces, while still others represent a combination of the two forces. The English fault system marks a change in the general strike of the formations. To the east of this system the formations trend east-northeast, and to the west of the system the trend is west-northwest.

The only flexure that is not apparently connected with faulting is a broad plunging nose or anticline called the Repetto nose. Small anticlinal folds in the southern part of the area may reflect buckling north of theWhittier fault.
Numerical analysis of topological characteristics of three-dimensional geological models of oil and gas fields
Creators: name: Bazaikin, Ya. V.
name: Baikov, V. A.
name: Taimanov, I. A.
name: Yakovlev, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss the study of topological characteristics of random fields that are used for numerical simulation of oil and gas reservoirs and numerical algorithms (see arXiv:1302.3669), for computing such characteristics, for which we demonstrate results of their applications.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Definition of specifications and data requirements for waste heat recovery analysis
Creators: name: Jaio Manzanedo
name: Arroyo, Jorge
name: Lara, Yolanda
name: Gonzalo, Cristina
name: Pierri, Erika
name: Nikolopoulos, Aristeidis
name: Edwards, Margaret
name: Solís, Irene
name: Cuervo, Víctor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Energy and materials flexibility
Energy management
Sustainable planning
Energy efficiency
Waste heat recovery
Monitoring systems
Energy intensive industry
Energy and resource flexibility in highly energy intensive industries

description: The main purpose of this document is to present the analysis done for selected demo-sites in relation with the waste heat recovery approach chosen for each of them. This analysis has been done by considering the implications of the integration of the selected technology (ORC or HTHP) and the impact of the change in process parameters due to this integration. The main conclusions show that a significant energy saving potential can be achieved by means of those waste heat recovery approaches. For each demo-site, a general description of their facilities is provided, together with the identification of the boundary conditions to be applied and the relevant processes to be analysed according to the different routes of flexibility management applicable.
Distributional Ergodicity in Stored-Energy-Driven Lévy Flights
Creators: name: Akimoto, Takuma
name: Miyaguchi, Tomoshige
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a class of random walk, the stored-energy-driven Lévy flight (SEDLF), whose jump length is determined by a stored energy during a trapped state. The SEDLF is a continuous-time random walk with jump lengths being coupled with the trapping times. It is analytically shown that the ensemble-averaged mean square displacements exhibit subdiffusion as well as superdiffusion, depending on the coupling parameter. We find that time-averaged mean square displacements increase linearly with time and the diffusion coefficients are intrinsically random, a manifestation of {\it distributional ergodicity}. The diffusion coefficient shows aging in subdiffusive regime, whereas it increases with the measurement time in superdiffusive regime.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Random Matrices and Subexponential Operator Spaces
Creators: name: Pisier, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and study a generalization of the notion of exact operator space that we call subexponential. Using Random Matrices we show that the factorization results of Grothendieck type that are known in the exact case all extend to the subexponential case, but we exhibit (a continuum of distinct) examples of non-exact subexponential operator spaces, as well as a $C^*$-algebra that is subexponential with constant 1 but not exact. We also show that $OH$, $R+C$ and $\max(\ell_2)$ (or any other maximal operator space) are not subexponential.
description: This paper is extracted from an older version of "Quantum expanders and geometry of operator spaces". v2: Some corrections. A notable addition is Theorem 7.13, due to Mikael de la Salle, showing that the C* algebra generated by the block direct sum of unitary random matrices is a.s. subexponential with constant 1, in analogy with what we proved in the Gaussian case. v3: minor corrections
The time-evolution of DCIS size distributions with applications to breast cancer growth and progression
Creators: name: Dowty, James G.
name: Byrnes, Graham B.
name: Gertig, Dorota M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Ductal carcinoma {\em in situ} (DCIS) lesions are non-invasive tumours of the breast which are thought to precede most invasive breast cancers (IBC). As individual DCIS lesions are initiated, grow and invade (i.e. become IBC) the size distribution of the DCIS lesions present in a given human population will evolve. We derive a differential equation governing this evolution and show, for given assumptions about growth and invasion, that there is a unique distribution which does not vary with time. Further, we show that any initial distribution converges to this stationary distribution exponentially quickly. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the stationary distribution is equal to the true DCIS size distribution, at least for human populations which are relatively stable with respect to the determinants of breast cancer. Based on this assumption and the size data of 110 DCIS lesions detected in a mammographic screening program between 1993 and 2000, we produce maximum likelihood estimates for certain growth and invasion parameters. Assuming that DCIS size is proportional to a positive power $p$ of the time since tumour initiation we estimate $p$ to be 0.50 with a 95% confidence interval of $(0.35, 0.71)$. Therefore we estimate that DCIS lesions follow a square-root growth law and hence that they grow rapidly when small and relatively slowly when large. Our approach and results should be useful for other mathematical studies of cancer, especially those investigating biological mechanisms of invasion.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures and 1 table. To appear in Mathematical Medicine and Biology
Symbolic powers: Simis and weighted monomial ideals
Creators: name: Méndez, Fernando O.
name: Pinto, Maria Vaz
name: Villarreal, Rafael H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13C70, 13A70, 05E40

description: The aim of this work is to compare symbolic and ordinary powers of monomial ideals using commutative algebra and combinatorics. Monomial ideals whose symbolic and ordinary powers coincide are called Simis ideals. Weighted monomial ideals are defined by assigning linear weights to monomials. We examine Simis and normally torsion-free ideals, relate some of the properties of monomial ideals and weighted monomial ideals, and present a structure theorem for edge ideals of $d$-uniform clutters whose ideal of covers is Simis in degree $d$. One of our main results is a combinatorial classification of when the dual of the edge ideal of a weighted oriented graph is Simis in degree $2$.
description: 22 pages
When metal organic frameworks turn into linear magnets
Creators: name: Canepa, Pieremanuele
name: Chabal, Yves J.
name: Thonhauser, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the existence of linear magnetism in the metal organic framework materials MOF-74-Fe, MOF-74-Co, and MOF-74-Ni, using first-principles density functional theory. MOF-74 displays regular quasi-linear chains of open-shell transition metal atoms, which are well separated. Our results show that within these chains-for all three materials-ferromagnetic coupling of significant strength occurs. In addition, the coupling in-between chains is at least one order of magnitude smaller, making these materials almost perfect 1D magnets at low temperature. The inter-chain coupling is found to be anti-ferromagnetic, in agreement with experiments. While some quasi-1D materials exist that exhibit linear magnetism-mostly complex oxides, polymers, and a few other rare material-they are typically very difficult to synthesize. The significance of our finding is that MOF-74 is very easy to synthesize and it is likely the simplest realization of the 1D Ising model in nature. MOF-74 could thus be used in future experiments to study 1D magnetism at low temperature.
In Search of Jenkins: Taste, Style, and Credibility in Gilded-Age Journalism
Creators: name: Tucher, Andrea Jean
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Journalism
Journalists
History

description: In the 1860s to the 1880s, the term "Jenkins," borrowed from a British expressin for a windy and obsequious society reporter, was widely used in the U.S. as a derisive term for journalists whose prose was over-rich and whose prying was viewed as excessive. A study of the use of the "Jenkins" label offers firm clues for evaluating how readers and reporters engaged with their newspapers. And it suggests that readers had a clear understanding about relationships between style and topic in journalistic prose, violations of which opened the offender to criticism.
Robotic Exploration using Generalized Behavioral Entropy
Creators: name: Suresh, Aamodh
name: Nieto-Granda, Carlos
name: Martinez, Sonia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work presents and evaluates a novel strategy for robotic exploration that leverages human models of uncertainty perception. To do this, we introduce a measure of uncertainty that we term "Behavioral entropy", which builds on Prelec's probability weighting from Behavioral Economics. We show that the new operator is an admissible generalized entropy, analyze its theoretical properties and compare it with other common formulations such as Shannon's and Renyi's. In particular, we discuss how the new formulation is more expressive in the sense of measures of sensitivity and perceptiveness to uncertainty introduced here. Then we use Behavioral entropy to define a new type of utility function that can guide a frontier-based environment exploration process. The approach's benefits are illustrated and compared in a Proof-of-Concept and ROS-Unity simulation environment with a Clearpath Warthog robot. We show that the robot equipped with Behavioral entropy explores faster than Shannon and Renyi entropies.
description: \c{opyright} 2024 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
Universal scaling laws of Kerr frequency combs
Creators: name: Coen, Stephane
name: Erkintalo, Miro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the known solutions of the Lugiato-Lefever equation, we derive universal trends of Kerr frequency combs. In particular, normalized properties of temporal cavity soliton solutions lead us to a simple analytic estimate of the maximum attainable bandwidth for given pump-resonator parameters. The result is validated via comparison with past experiments encompassing a diverse range of resonator configurations and parameters.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Optics Letters on 28 March 2013
Community perceptions of the impact of war on unintended pregnancy and induced abortion in Protection of Civilian sites in Juba, South Sudan
Creators: name: Casey, Sara E.
name: Isa, Guma Patrick
name: Isumbisho Mazambi, Earvin
name: Giuffrida, Monica M.
name: Kulkarni, Meghana Jayne
name: Perera, Shiromi M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Unwanted pregnancy
Internally displaced persons
Abortion
War--Protection of civilians
War

description: Conflict and mass displacement into Protection of Civilian (POCs) sites in South Sudan led to the breakdown of community and family structures, increasing women and girls’ vulnerability to gender-based violence and exacerbating already poor sexual and reproductive health outcomes. As one component of a study on post-abortion care, this study explores community perceptions of unintended pregnancy and abortion in a POC in Juba. Four focus group discussions were conducted with 36 women and married men aged 18-45 living in the POC. Although initial reactions to induced abortion were generally negative, participants discussed that unintended pregnancy and induced abortion appeared to have increased during the current conflict. Their discussion of abortion became less condemnatory as they described changes in people’s situation due to war, including instability and poverty, transactional sex, disruption of marital norms, rape, and low contraceptive use. This is one of the first studies to investigate community perceptions and practices related to unintended pregnancy and abortion in South Sudan. Despite beliefs that these are taboo topics, the discussions provide an opening to reduce abortion stigma. To ensure lasting stigma reduction, investment in women and girls to improve gender equity is needed.
Constraining the Galactic potential via action-based distribution functions for mono-abundance stellar populations
Creators: name: Ting, Yuan-Sen
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Bovy, Jo
name: van de Ven, Glenn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a rigorous and practical way of constraining the Galactic potential based on the phase-space information for many individual stars. Such an approach is needed to dynamically model the data from ongoing spectroscopic surveys of the Galaxy and in the future Gaia. This approach describes the orbit distribution of stars by a family of parametrized distribution function (DF) proposed by McMillan and Binney, which are based on actions. We find that these parametrized DFs are flexible enough to capture well the observed phase-space distributions of individual abundance-selected Galactic subpopulations of stars (`mono-abundance populations') for a disc-like gravitational potential, which enables independent dynamical constraints from each of the Galactic mono-abundance populations. We lay out a statistically rigorous way to constrain the Galactic potential parameters by constructing the joint likelihood of potential and DF parameters, and subsequently marginalizing over the DF parameters. This approach explicitly incorporates the spatial selection function inherent to all Galactic surveys, and can account for the uncertainties of the individual position--velocity observations. On that basis, we study the precision of the parameters of the Galactic potential that can be reached with various sample sizes and realistic spatial selection functions. By creating mock samples from the DF, we show that, even under a restrictive and realistic spatial selection function, given a two-parameter gravitational potential, one can recover the true potential parameters to a few per cent with sample sizes of a few thousands. The assumptions of axisymmetry, of DFs that are smooth in the actions and of no time variation remain important limitations in our current study.
description: Comments: 10 pages, 6 figures, 1 tables, MNRAS (Accepted for publication- 2013 June 11)
BINGO innovative assembly for background reduction in bolometric $0νββ$ experiments
Creators: name: Armatol, A.
name: Augier, C.
name: Bandac, I. C.
name: Baudin, D.
name: Benato, G.
name: Berest, V.
name: Bergé, L.
name: Billard, J.
name: Calvo-Mozota, J. M.
name: Carniti, P.
name: Chapellier, M.
name: Danevich, F. A.
name: De Jesus, M.
name: Dixon, T.
name: Dumoulin, L.
name: Ferri, F.
name: Gascon, J.
name: Giuliani, A.
name: Gomez, H.
name: Gotti, C.
name: Gras, Ph.
name: Gros, M.
name: Juillard, A.
name: Khalife, H.
name: Kobychev, V. V.
name: Lefevre, M.
name: Loaiza, P.
name: de Marcillac, P.
name: Marnieros, S.
name: Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A.
name: Martinez, M.
name: Mas, Ph.
name: Mazzucato, E.
name: Millot, J. F.
name: Nones, C.
name: Olivieri, E.
name: de Solórzano, A. Ortiz
name: Pessina, G.
name: Poda, D. V.
name: Rojas, A.
name: Scarpaci, J. A.
name: Schmidt, B.
name: Tellier, O.
name: Tretyak, V. I.
name: Warot, G.
name: Zampieri, Th.
name: Zarytskyy, M. M.
name: Zolotarova, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BINGO is a project aiming to set the grounds for large-scale bolometric neutrinoless double-beta-decay experiments capable of investigating the effective Majorana neutrino mass at a few meV level. It focuses on developing innovative technologies (a detector assembly, cryogenic photodetectors and active veto) to achieve a very low background index, of the order of $10^{-5}$ counts/(keV kg yr) in the region of interest. The BINGO demonstrator, called MINI-BINGO, is designed to investigate the promising double-beta-decay isotopes $^{100}$Mo and $^{130}$Te and it will be composed of Li$_2$MoO$_4$ and TeO$_2$ crystals coupled to bolometric light detectors and surrounded by a Bi$_4$Ge$_3$O$_{12}$-based veto. This will allow us to reject a significant background in bolometers caused by surface contamination from $α$-active radionuclides by means of light yield selection and to mitigate other sources of background, such as surface contamination from $β$-active radionuclides, external $γ$ radioactivity, and pile-up due to random coincidence of background events. This paper describes an R\&D program towards the BINGO goals, particularly focusing on the development of an innovative assembly designed to reduce the passive materials within the line of sight of the detectors, which is expected to be a dominant source of background in next-generation bolometric experiments. We present the performance of two prototype modules -- housing four cubic (4.5-cm side) Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals in total -- operated in the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain within a facility developed for the CROSS double-beta-decay experiment.
description: Submitted to Nucl. Instr. Meth. A; 28 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables
Gauge Mediation beyond Minimal Flavor Violation
Creators: name: Calibbi, Lorenzo
name: Paradisi, Paride
name: Ziegler, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a minimal modification of Gauge Mediation in which the messenger sector couples directly to the MSSM matter fields. These couplings are controlled by the same dynamics that explain the flavor hierarchies, and therefore are parametrically as small as the Yukawas. This setup gives rise to an interesting SUSY spectrum that is calculable in terms of a single new parameter. Due to large A-terms, the model can easily accommodate a 126 GeV Higgs with a relatively light SUSY spectrum. The flavor structure depends on the particular underlying flavor model, but flavor-violating effects arise dominantly in the up-sector and are strongly suppressed in Delta F =2 observables. This strong suppression is reminiscent of what happens in the case of wave function renormalization or Partial Compositeness, despite the underlying flavor model can be a simple U(1) flavor model (which in the context of Gravity Mediation suffers from strong Delta F =2 constraints). This structure allows to account for the recent observation of direct CP violation in D-meson decays.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures. V2: discussion improved, references added, typos corrected. V3: minor corrections, published version
Boundary layer temperature recovery factor on a cone at nominal mach number six
Creators: name: Mackay, Douglas S.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1953
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: NOTE:  Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...].  Abstract is included in .pdf document.

An investigation was conducted to determine the temperature recovery factors for laminar boundary layer on a cone at free stream Mach numbers from 5.6 to 5.9. The investigation was conducted in the GALCIT 5" x 5? continuous-flow, closed-circuit wind tunnel (Leg No. 1). Two twenty degree cone models about three inches in length were used. One model was composed of a ceramic core with a thin (0.010? to 0.015?) steel surface, and the second was a hollow copper shell of 0.005? thickness.

One-phase and two-phase (condensation) flow conditions were investigated. Temperature recovery factors were determined from the data obtained from the tests conducted with one-phase airflows. The ratios of the temperatures recovered on the cone surface to the respective stagnation temperatures were computed from the data obtained in the two-phase airflow investigations and were compared with these ratios for the one-phase airflows.

The local temperature recovery factors for the laminar boundary layer were determined to be 0.844 ? 0.008 for Reynolds numbers from 2.1 x  10[superscript 4] to 5.4 x 10[superscript 5] . For this range of Reynolds numbers the recovery factor was found to be independent of the Reynolds number. The independence of the recovery factor on the Mach number was substantiated (by comparison with results of previous investigations at lower Mach numbers) for Mach numbers up to 5.9. The ratios of the temperature recovered on the cone to the stagnation temperature were found to be the same for one and two-phase airflows.

The square root of the Prandtl number evaluated at the mean of the temperatures of the cone surface for the various flow conditions investigated was found to be less than one per cent lower than the mean of the experimental temperature recovery factors.

The results of this investigation are in agreement with those of previous investigations at lower Mach numbers and, within the limits of experimental accuracy, verify theoretical solutions.
title: 'Swinging the Lamp': The Watch Manager's Career, Role and Occupational Identity within the Modernising Agenda of the UK Fire and Rescue Service
Creators: name: O'Connor, Sarah Jane
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2017

description: This research focuses on the career and work identity of watch managers in the Fire and Rescue Service (FRS). Their role is to manage firefighters who are infamously known in political circles to possess grass root cultures that remain resistant to forms of change and modernisation. Watch managers are not only tasked with leading emergency teams at incidents but they are also at the receiving end of a relentless stream of political pressure to achieve change. This research draws on qualitative data collected within two fire services consisting of thirty-nine face-to-face interviews, four focus groups and field observations, which in combination highlight various ways the watch manager becomes an important construct in relation to the momentum of organisational change. Previous FRS research has explored the creation and enactment of masculinities in the watch and 'how' and 'why' the watch sustains highly masculinised images (Salaman 1986, Baigent 2001, Ward and Winstanley 2006). Despite Woodfield (2016) and Perrott's (2016) recent contributions focusing on women inhabiting FRS managerial and leadership roles, there has been limited emphasis in broader FRS research on how managerial work identities develop against watch cultures resistant to change, or in relation to male dominated 'informal' hierarchies in the watch. In order to manage their team successfully, watch managers show themselves to possess differing forms of managerial masculinities, and in so doing, draw on various combinations of charismatic, traditional and rational-legal authority. These phenomena highlight new understandings of the invisible and hidden processes by which watch managers attend to power tensions between them, the watch, and senior management. My findings suggest these power dynamics impact on the shaping of the watch manager's own sense of work identity and in reverse, the ways these tensions are handled also influence the way they are socially constructed as managers by firefighters and senior managers. Particularly revealing are the ways transformations of work identity develop as watch managers move from new to time-served firefighter, then upward to the watch manager role, and how differing identity-enabling resources are drawn from to manage and keep an equilibrium between firefighters and the watch they manage.
title: Midrasch
Creators: name: Langer, Gerhard
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220 Bible
subject: 296 Judaism
subject: 340 Law

description: Midrasch leitet sich vom hebräischen Wort darasch ab. Dieses bedeutet soviel wie (nach)forschen, in weiterer Folge auch auslegen, interpretieren oder auch predigen. Midrasch ist ein Genre, das – ursprünglich ausgehend von einer (rechtlichen) Belehrung – in direkter Beziehung zu einem religiös autoritativen Text steht, in dem dieser explizit zitiert oder auf ihn klar erkennbar angespielt und er in der Folge ausgelegt wird. Midrasch basiert auf einem Verständnis der Einheit, Widerspruchslosigkeit, Klarheit und Vollkommenheit der Schrift und wendet hermeneutische Methoden (Ausdeutung intertextueller Bezüge, Auslegungsregeln etc.) an, um die Lücken (gaps) des Textes zu füllen und die Welt der Schrift mit der aktuellen Welt der lesenden/hörenden und auslegenden Menschen zu verbinden.
description: Midrash stems from the Hebrew word darasch. This means as much as (re)searching, and subsequently also interpreting or preaching. Midrasch is a genre that – initially originating from a (legal) caution – stands in direct relation to a religiously authoritative text, by way of explicitly quoting from or alluding to it in a clearly discernible way and subsequently interpreting it. Midrasch is based on an understanding of the Scripture’s unity, disambiguity, clarity and perfection and it uses hermeneutical methods (the interpretation of intertextual references, rules of interpretation, etc.) to fill the gaps of the texts and connect the world of the Scripture with the present world of the people reading/listening and interpreting.
On the Functional Renormalization Group approach for Yang-Mills fields
Creators: name: Lavrov, Peter M.
name: Shapiro, Ilya L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the gauge dependence of the effective average action within the functional renormalization group (FRG) approach. It is shown that in the framework of standard definitions of FRG for the Yang-Mills theory, the effective average action remains gauge-dependent on-shell, independent on the use of truncation scheme. Furthermore, we propose a new formulation of the FRG, based on the use of composite operators. In this case one can provide on-shell gauge-invariance for the effective average action and universality of $S$-matrix.
description: 1+31 pages, no figures, the final version to appear in JHEP