cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: A preliminary study on synthetic MRI for evaluation of pathological and molecular indexes in invasive ductual carcinoma of breast cancer
Creators: name: Zhang, Lina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: Thorax
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: Chemotherapy
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Cancer
subject: Outcomes
subject: Pathology

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Synthetic MRI technology provides the possibility of achieving rapid quantification ofvarious relaxation time at the same time by adding multi-dynamic, multi-echo(MDME)sequences. Due to the heterogeneity of breast cancer, we hypothesized that all...
Wake angle for surface gravity waves on a finite depth fluid
Creators: name: Pethiyagoda, Ravindra
name: McCue, Scott W.
name: Moroney, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear water wave theory suggests that wave patterns caused by a steadily moving disturbance are contained within a wedge whose half-angle depends on the depth-based Froude number $F_H$. For the problem of flow past an axisymmetric pressure distribution in a finite-depth channel, we report on the apparent angle of the wake, which is the angle of maximum peaks. For moderately deep channels, the dependence of the apparent wake angle on the Froude number is very different to the wedge angle, and varies smoothly as $F_H$ passes through the critical value $F_H=1$. For shallow water, the two angles tend to follow each other more closely, which leads to very large apparent wake angles for certain regimes.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication by Physics of Fluids
Extended Schur functions and bases related by involutions
Creators: name: Daugherty, Spencer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E05

description: We introduce two new bases of QSym, the flipped extended Schur functions and the backward extended Schur functions, as well as their duals in NSym, the flipped shin functions and the backward shin functions. These bases are the images of the extended Schur basis and shin basis under the involutions $ρ$ and $ω$ on the quasisymmetric and noncommutative symmetric functions, which generalize the classical involution $ω$ on the symmetric functions. In addition, we prove a Jacobi-Trudi rule for certain shin functions using creation operators. We define skew extended Schur functions and skew-II extended Schur functions based on left and right actions of NSym and QSym respectively. We then use the involutions $ρ$ and $ω$ to translate these and other known results to our flipped and backward bases.
description: 28 pages
Novel Methylated Biomarkers and a Robust Assay to Detect Circulating Tumor DNA in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Creators: name: Umbricht, Christopher
name: Zhang, Zhe
name: Wang, Chenguang
name: Wolff, Antonio C.
name: Bujanda, Zoila Lopez
name: Fackler, Mary Jo
name: Cope, Leslie
name: Lyman, Jaclyn P.
name: Carey, Lisa A.
name: Argani, Pedram
name: Cho, Soonweng
name: De Brot, Marina
name: Boughey, Judy
name: King, Tari A.
name: Visvanathan, Kala
name: Teo, Wei Wen
name: Ingle, James N.
name: Jeter, Stacie
name: McGuire, Kandace
name: Sukumar, Saraswati
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The ability to consistently detect cell-free tumor-specific DNA in peripheral blood of patients with metastatic breast cancer provides the opportunity to detect changes in tumor burden and to monitor response to treatment. We developed cMethDNA, a quantitative multiplexed methylation-specific PCR assay for a panel of ten genes, consisting of novel and known breast cancer hypermethylated markers identified by mining our previously reported study of DNA methylation patterns in breast tissue (103 cancer, 21 normal on the Illumina HumanMethylation27 Beadchip) and then validating the 10-gene panel in a TCGA breast cancer methylome database. For cMethDNA, a fixed physiological level (50 copies) of artificially constructed, standard non-human reference DNA specific for each gene is introduced into in a constant volume of serum (300 μl) prior to purification of the DNA, facilitating a sensitive, specific, robust and quantitative assay of tumor DNA, with broad dynamic range. Cancer-specific methylated DNA was detected in Training (28 normal, 24 cancer) and Test (27 normal, 33 cancer) sets of recurrent Stage 4 patient sera with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 96% in the test set. In a pilot study, cMethDNA assay faithfully reflected patient response to chemotherapy (N = 29). A core methylation signature present in the primary breast cancer was retained in serum and metastatic tissues collected at autopsy 2–11 years after diagnosis of the disease. Together, our data suggest that the cMethDNA assay can detect advanced breast cancer, and monitor tumor burden and treatment response in women with metastatic breast cancer.
(401761) William Mackison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Oxidative Stress Activates SIRT2 to Deacetylate and Stimulate Phosphoglycerate Mutase
Creators: name: Xiong, Yue
name: Li, Fulong
name: Deng, Chu Xia
name: Lei, Qun Ying Lei
name: Zhou, Xin
name: Xu, Yanping
name: Lv, Lei
name: Guan, Kun Liang
name: Li, Tingting
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) plays an important role in coordinating energy production with generation of reducing power and the biosynthesis of nucleotide precursors and amino acids. Inhibition of PGAM by small RNAi or small molecule attenuates cell proliferation and tumor growth. PGAM activity is commonly upregulated in tumor cells, but how PGAM activity is regulated in vivo remains poorly understood. Here we report that PGAM is acetylated at lysine 100 (K100), an active site residue that is invariably conserved from bacteria, to yeast, plant, and mammals. K100 acetylation is detected in fly, mouse, and human cells and in multiple tissues and decreases PGAM2 activity. The cytosolic protein deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) deacetylates and activates PGAM2. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species stimulate PGAM2 deacetylation and activity by promoting its interaction with SIRT2. Substitution of endogenous PGAM2 with an acetylation mimetic mutant K100Q reduces cellular NADPH production and inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth. These results reveal a mechanism of PGAM2 regulation and NADPH homeostasis in response to oxidative stress that impacts cell proliferation and tumor growth.
Femtosecond response time measurements of a Cs2Te photocathode
Creators: name: Aryshev, A.
name: Shevelev, M.
name: Honda, Y.
name: Terunuma, N.
name: Urakawa, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the response time measurements of a Cs2Te photocathode illuminated with two 100 fs duration, variable time separation laser pulses at 266 nm wavelength. The response time was confirmed in dispersive region downstream of a 12-cell standing wave S-band acceleration structure using a well-known RF zero-crossing technique. At the same time it was also measured by changing mechanical path-length difference between two micro-bunches. Both methods agree that Cs2Te photocathode time response is of the order of 250 fs and thereby it is possible to generate and control a THz sequence of relativistic electron bunches by a conventional S-band RF gun. This result further opens a possibility to construct wide-range tunable THz FEL.
title: Utilitisation of 3D whole heart magnetic resonance imaging in clinical practice for delineation of arrhythmic substate
Creators: name: Jathanna, Nikesh
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: MR
subject: CAD
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Accurate scar delineation and quantification carries importance for cardiac procedural guidance, diagnostic decision making and prognostication 1,2 . Free-breathing 3D Whole heart imaging (3D WHI) MRI sequences can provide greater scar spatial...
Distributional Topological Complexity and LS-category
Creators: name: Dranishnikov, Alexander
name: Jauhari, Ekansh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define a new version of Topological Complexity (TC) of a space, denoted as $\text{dTC}$, which, we think, fits better for motion planning for some autonomous systems. Like Topological complexity, \text{dTC} is also a homotopy invariant. Also, $\text{dTC}$ has a corresponding analog, denoted as $\text{dcat}$, to the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category (cat). In this paper, we do computations and estimates for both $\text{dTC(X)}$ and $\text{dcat(X)}$ for some spaces $X$ as well as a comparison with $\text{TC(X)}$ and $\text{cat(X)}$.
title: Periportal Halo Sign. Imaging findings
Creators: name: Isusi Fontan, Maria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Acute

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the periportal halo sign and the spectrum of diseases in which it can be...
title: Evaluation of bronchial valve treatment success in patients with destructive forms of tuberculosis using decision trees
Creators: name: Veselsky, Artem
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Respiratory system
subject: Thorax
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Infection

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Lung tuberculosis remains one of the serious diseases, resulting in the formation of cavities where the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis can survive for a long time ( Figure 1 ). In such cases, conventional drug therapy has no effect which...
PD-1 and Tim-3 Regulate the Expansion of Tumor Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells Induced by Melanoma Vaccines
Creators: name: Fourcade, Julien
name: Tarhini, Ahmad A.
name: Chauvin, Joe Marc
name: Moschos, Stergios
name: Pagliano, Ornella
name: Sander, Cindy
name: Janjic, Bratislav
name: Sun, Zhaojun
name: Wang, Hong
name: Zarour, Hassane M.
name: Krieg, Arthur
name: Guillaume, Philippe
name: Luescher, Immanuel F.
name: Anderson, Ana C.
name: Kirkwood, John M.
name: Tawbi, Hussein A.
name: Kuchroo, Vijay K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Although melanoma vaccines stimulate tumor antigen (TA)-specific CD8+ T cells, objective clinical responses are rarely observed. To investigate this discrepancy, we evaluated the character of vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells with regard to the inhibitory T cell co-receptors PD-1 and Tim-3 in metastatic melanoma patients who were administered tumor vaccines. The vaccines included incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG) and the HLA-A2-restricted analog peptide NY-ESO-1 157-165V, either by itself or in combination with the pan-DR epitope NY-ESO-1 119-143. Both vaccines stimulated rapid TA-specific CD8+ T-cell responses detected ex vivo, however, TA-specific CD8+ T cells produced more IFN-γ and exhibited higher lytic function upon immunization with MHC class I and class II epitopes. Notably, the vast majority of vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells upregulated PD-1 and a minority also upregulated Tim-3. Levels of PD-1 and Tim-3 expression by vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells at the time of vaccine administration correlated inversely with their expansion in vivo. Dual blockade of PD-1 and Tim-3 enhanced the expansion and cytokine production of vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells in vitro. Collectively, our findings support the use of PD-1 and Tim-3 blockades with cancer vaccines to stimulate potent antitumor T cell responses and increase the likelihood of clinical responses in advanced melanoma patients.
Screening mechanisms in magnetic nanostructures
Creators: name: Schwabe, Andrej
name: Hänsel, Mirek
name: Potthoff, Michael
name: Mitchell, Andrew K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical concept is presented for the screening of several magnetic moments locally exchange coupled to conduction electrons in a metallic nanostructure. We consider a quantum confined multi-impurity Kondo model which exhibits the competition between finite-size effects, RKKY interactions, and Kondo physics. In the limit of weak coupling, Kondo correlations are cut by the finite system size; perturbation theory can then be used to derive the low-energy effective model, which is of generalized central-spin form. The theory successfully predicts the degeneracy, total spin, and spin correlations of the ground state, and allows the number of screening channels to be identified. This is demonstrated for a two-impurity model on a finite one-dimensional ring. Density-matrix renormalization-group calculations confirm the physical picture at weak coupling. The non-trivial crossovers to RKKY and strong-coupling regimes are also studied. The numerical renormalization group, tailored to treat finite systems, is used to examine the crossover to the thermodynamic limit.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, v2 with minor corrections
title: Deep learning-based air trapping quantification in children with cystic fibrosis using paired inspiratory-expiratory ultra-low dose CT
Creators: name: Muller, Sarah
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: Segmentation
subject: Genetic defects

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease with promising new treatments addressing underlying progressive lung disease. One of the frequent findings in early CF is the pathological retention of air in the lungs after exhalation commonly denoted as...
Abstract P4-04-16: Obesity-associated systemic interleukin-6 promotes pre-adipocyte aromatase expression via increased breast cancer cell prostaglandin E2 production
Creators: name: Tekmal, Rajeshwar R.
name: Brenner, Andrew J.
name: Hursting, Stephen D.
name: deGraffenried, Linda A.
name: Bowers, Laura W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Obesity is associated with a worse breast cancer prognosis, particularly in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive, postmenopausal patients. We hypothesized that this is mediated in part by an elevation in breast cancer cell cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production that results in greater local pre-adipocyte aromatase expression. We utilized an in vitro model of the obese patient's tumor microenvironment in which cultured MCF-7 breast cancer cells and pre-adipocytes were exposed to pooled serum from obese (OB; BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) or normal weight (N; BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) postmenopausal women. Exposure to OB versus N sera significantly increased MCF-7 cell COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. Pre-adipocyte aromatase expression was 89 % greater following culture in conditioned media (CM) from MCF-7 cells exposed to OB versus N sera (OB-CM and N-CM, respectively), a difference nullified by MCF-7 cell treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. Previous analysis of the sera revealed significantly higher interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in the OB versus N samples. Depletion of IL-6 from the sera neutralized the difference in pre-adipocyte aromatase expression stimulated by OB-CM versus N-CM. Finally, CM from pre-adipocyte/MCF-7 cell co-cultures exposed to OB sera stimulated greater MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell ERα activity and proliferation in comparison to N sera. This study indicates that obesity-associated systemic IL-6 indirectly enhances pre-adipocyte aromatase expression via increased breast cancer cell PGE2 production. Investigation regarding the efficacy of a COX-2 inhibitor/aromatase inhibitor combination therapy in the obese postmenopausal patient population is warranted.
Fluorophore-NanoLuc BRET Reporters Enable Sensitive In Vivo Optical Imaging and Flow Cytometry for Monitoring Tumorigenesis
Creators: name: Li, Weimin
name: Cleveland, John L.
name: Reza, Md Shamim
name: Hoxha, Sany
name: Schaub, Franz X.
name: Amelio, Antonio L.
name: Musicant, Adele M.
name: Guo, Min
name: Flaveny, Colin A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Fluorescent proteins are widely used to study molecular and cellular events, yet this traditionally relies on delivery of excitation light, which can trigger autofluorescence, photoxicity, and photobleaching, impairing their use in vivo. Accordingly, chemiluminescent light sources such as those generated by luciferases have emerged, as they do not require excitation light. However, current luciferase reporters lack the brightness needed to visualize events in deep tissues. We report the creation of chimeric eGFP-NanoLuc (GpNLuc) and LSSmOrange-NanoLuc (OgNLuc) fusion reporter proteins coined LumiFluors, which combine the benefits of eGFP or LSSmOrange fluorescent proteins with the bright, glow-type bioluminescent light generated by an enhanced small luciferase subunit (NanoLuc) of the deep sea shrimp Oplophorus gracilirostris. The intramolecular bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) that occurs between NanoLuc and the fused fluorophore generates the brightest bioluminescent signal known to date, including improved intensity, sensitivity and durable spectral properties, thereby dramatically reducing image acquisition times and permitting highly sensitive in vivo imaging. Notably, the self-illuminating and bi-functional nature of these LumiFluor reporters enables greatly improved spatio-temporal monitoring of very small numbers of tumor cells via in vivo optical imaging and also allows the isolation and analyses of single cells by flow cytometry. Thus, LumiFluor reporters are inexpensive, robust, non-invasive tools that allow for markedly improved in vivo optical imaging of tumorigenic processes.
title: Entropy Balancing for Continuous Treatments
Creators: name: Tübbicke, Stefan
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2020

description: Interest in evaluating the effects of continuous treatments has been on the rise recently. To facilitate the estimation of causal effects in this setting, the present paper introduces entropy balancing for continuous treatments (EBCT) by extending the original entropy balancing methodology of Hainmüller (2012). In order to estimate balancing weights, the proposed approach solves a globally convex constrained optimization problem, allowing for much more computationally efficient implementation compared to other available methods. EBCT weights reliably eradicate Pearson correlations between covariates and the continuous treatment variable. This is the case even when other methods based on the generalized propensity score tend to yield in- sufficient balance due to strong selection into different treatment intensities. Moreover, the optimization procedure is more successful in avoiding extreme weights attached to a single unit. Extensive Monte-Carlo simulations show that treatment effect estimates using EBCT display similar or lower bias and uniformly lower root mean squared error. These properties make EBCT an attractive method for the evaluation of continuous treatments. Software implementation is available for Stata and R.
(401763) Peter Mackie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Polynomials in Asymptotically Free Random Matrices
Creators: name: Speicher, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recent work of Belinschi, Mai and Speicher resulted in a general algorithm to calculate the distribution of any selfadjoint polynomial in free variables. Since many classes of independent random matrices become asymptotically free if the size of the matrices goes to infinity, this algorithm allows then also the calculation of the asymptotic eigenvalue distribution of polynomials in such independent random matrices. We will recall the main ideas of this approach and then also present its extension to the case of the Brown measure of non-selfadjoint polynomials.
description: Talk given at the conference "Random Matrix Theory: Foundations and Applications" in Krakow, Poland 2014
A Survey on Efficient Federated Learning Methods for Foundation Model Training
Creators: name: Woisetschläger, Herbert
name: Isenko, Alexander
name: Wang, Shiqiang
name: Mayer, Ruben
name: Jacobsen, Hans-Arno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.11; C.2

description: Federated Learning (FL) has become an established technique to facilitate privacy-preserving collaborative training across a multitude of clients. However, new approaches to FL often discuss their contributions involving small deep-learning models only and focus on training full models on clients. In the wake of Foundation Models (FM), the reality is different for many deep learning applications. Typically, FMs have already been pre-trained across a wide variety of tasks and can be fine-tuned to specific downstream tasks over significantly smaller datasets than required for full model training. However, access to such datasets is often challenging. By its design, FL can help to open data silos. With this survey, we introduce a novel taxonomy focused on computational and communication efficiency, the vital elements to make use of FMs in FL systems. We discuss the benefits and drawbacks of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) for FL applications, elaborate on the readiness of FL frameworks to work with FMs, and provide future research opportunities on how to evaluate generative models in FL as well as the interplay of privacy and PEFT.
description: Accepted for publication at IJCAI 2024. Please cite the published paper via https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/919
title: Hippocampal Volume and Shape Analysis among Elderly Filipinos with Common Dementia Subtypes
Creators: name: Pardo, Lyndon Aries
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Segmentation
subject: Dementia

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The most common causes of dementia, in descending order of prevalence, are Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Vascular Dementia (VaD), and Mixed Dementia (MD), which is a coexistence of AD and VaD findings [1, 2]. Hippocampal volume is a widely known...
title: Microwave Ablation of Lung Malignancies: The Role of Diffusion-weighted MRI and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC)-Values in Predicting Therapy Success
Creators: name: Vogl, Thomas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Cancer
subject: Outcomes

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate CT-guided microwave ablation (MWA) of pulmonary lesions regarding therapy response using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)...
(401758) Margaret Duff
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Enhancement of low-frequency fluctuations and superconductivity breakdown in Mn-doped La$_{1-y}$Y$_{y}$FeAsO$_{0.89}$F$_{0.11}$ superconductors
Creators: name: Hammerath, F.
name: Moroni, M.
name: Bossoni, L.
name: Sanna, S.
name: Kappenberger, R.
name: Wurmehl, S.
name: Wolter, A. U. B.
name: Afrassa, M. A.
name: Kobayashi, Y.
name: Sato, M.
name: Büchner, B.
name: Carretta, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $^{19}$F NMR measurements in optimally electron-doped La$_{1-y}$Y$_{y}$Fe$_{1-x}$Mn$_{x}$AsO$_{0.89}$F$_{0.11}$ superconductors are presented. In these materials the effect of Mn doping on the superconducting phase is studied for two series of compounds ($y= 0$ and $y= 0.2$) where the chemical pressure is varied by substituting La with Y. In the $y=0.2$ series superconductivity is suppressed for Mn contents an order of magnitude larger than for the $y=0$ series. For both series a peak in the $^{19}$F NMR nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1$ emerges upon Mn doping and gets significantly enhanced on approaching the quantum phase transition between the superconducting and magnetic phases. $^{19}$F NMR linewidth measurements show that for similar Mn contents magnetic correlations are more pronounced in the $y=0$ series, at variance with what one would expect for $\vec Q=(π/a,0)$ spin correlations. These observations suggest that Mn doping tends to reduce fluctuations at $\vec Q=(π/a,0)$ and to enhance other low-frequency modes. The effect of this transfer of spectral weight on the superconducting pairing is discussed along with the charge localization induced by Mn.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Non-collinear vs collinear description of the Ir-based one-$t_{2g}$ -hole perovskite-related compounds: SrIrO$_3$ and Sr$_2$IrO$_4$
Creators: name: Lado, J. L.
name: Pardo, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the electronic structure of perovskite-related iridates, 5d electron compounds where a subtle interplay between spin-orbit coupling, tetragonal distortions and electron correlations determines the electronic structure properties. We suggest via electronic structure calculations that a non-collinear calculation is required to obtain solutions close to the usually quoted $j_{eff}$ = 1/2 state to describe the $t_{2g}$ hole in the $Ir^{4+} :d^5$ cation, while a collinear calculation yields a different solution, the hole is in a simpler xz/yz complex combination with a smaller $L_z /S_z$ ratio. We describe what the implications of this are in terms of the electronic structure; surprisingly, both solutions barely differ in terms of their band structure, and are similar to the one obtained by a tight binding model involving $t_{2g}$ orbitals with mean field interactions. We also analyze how the electronic structure and magnetism evolve with strain, with the spin-orbit coupling strength and with the on-site Coulomb repulsion, suggest the way the band structure gets modified and draw some comparisons with available experimental observations.
description: 10 pages 10 figures
Implication of a Chromosome 15q15.2 Locus in Regulating UBR1 and Predisposing Smokers to MGMT Methylation in Lung
Creators: name: Liu, Yushi
name: Gilliland, Frank D.
name: Amin, Shantu G.
name: Desai, Dhimant
name: Collins, Leonard B.
name: Leng, Shuguang
name: Juri, Daniel E.
name: Tellez, Carmen S.
name: Swenberg, James A.
name: Jauregui, Andrew R.
name: Belinsky, Steven A.
name: Crowell, Richard E.
name: Stidley, Christine A.
name: Wathelet, Marc G.
name: Zhang, Xiequn
name: Picchi, Maria A.
name: Lin, Yong
name: Thomas, Cynthia L.
name: Wu, Guodong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA repair enzyme that protects cells from carcinogenic effects of alkylating agents; however, MGMT is silenced by promoter hypermethylation during carcinogenesis. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in an enhancer in the MGMT promoter was previously identified to be highly significantly associated with risk for MGMT methylation in lung cancer and sputum from smokers. To further genetic investigations, a genome-wide association and replication study was conducted in two smoker cohorts to identify novel loci for MGMT methylation in sputum that were independent of the MGMT enhancer polymorphism. Two novel trans-acting loci (15q15.2 and 17q24.3) that were identified acted together with the enhancer SNP to empower risk prediction for MGMT methylation. We found that the predisposition to MGMT methylation arising from the 15q15.2 locus involved regulation of the ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component UBR1. UBR1 attenuation reduced turnover of MGMT protein and increased repair of O6-methylguanine in nitrosomethylurea-treated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC), while also reducing MGMT promoter activity and abolishing MGMT induction. Overall, our results substantiate reduced gene transcription as a major mechanism for predisposition to MGMT methylation in the lungs of smokers, and support the importance of UBR1 in regulating MGMT homeostasis and DNA repair of alkylated DNA adducts in cells.
title: Inspiratory and expiratory bronchial images by ultra-high resolution CT
Creators: name: Moriya, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Physiological studies
subject: Atelectasis
subject: Cancer
subject: Chronic obstructive airways disease

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Advances in CT technology and computer processing technology have made it easier to perform precise morphological disassembly and automatic extraction and volume measurement of anatomical structures. In the diagnosis post-lobectomy, morphological...
title: Utility of the performance of ultrasound in the follow-up of mastectomized patients
Creators: name: García Barón, Carlota
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Neoplasia

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. The increase in the incidence due to different factors and the improvement in treatments have turned this pathology into a high prevalence...
The point scatterer approximation for wave dynamics
Creators: name: Mantile, Andrea
name: Posilicano, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given an open, bounded and connected set $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^{3}$ and its rescaling $Ω_{\varepsilon}$ of size $\varepsilon\ll 1$, we consider the solutions of the Cauchy problem for the inhomogeneous wave equation $$ (\varepsilon^{-2}χ_{Ω_{\varepsilon}}+χ_{\mathbb{R}^{3}\backslashΩ_{\varepsilon}})\partial_{tt}u=Δu+f $$ with initial data and source supported outside $Ω_{\varepsilon}$; here, $χ_{S}$ denotes the characteristic function of a set $S$. We provide the first-order $\varepsilon$-corrections with respect to the solutions of the inhomogeneous free wave equation and give space-time estimates on the remainders in the $L^{\infty}((0,1/\varepsilon^τ),L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{3})) $-norm. Such corrections are explicitly expressed in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Newton potential operator in $L^{2}(Ω)$ and provide an effective dynamics describing a legitimate point scatterer approximation in the time domain.
description: final version, some typos fixed
Lie n-algebras of BPS charges
Creators: name: Sati, Hisham
name: Schreiber, Urs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We uncover higher algebraic structures on Noether currents and BPS charges. It is known that equivalence classes of conserved currents form a Lie algebra. We show that at least for target space symmetries of higher parameterized WZW-type sigma-models this naturally lifts to a Lie (p+1)-algebra structure on the Noether currents themselves. Applied to the Green-Schwarz-type action functionals for super p-brane sigma-models this yields super Lie (p+1)-algebra refinements of the traditional BPS brane charge extensions of supersymmetry algebras. We discuss this in the generality of higher differential geometry, where it applies also to branes with (higher) gauge fields on their worldvolume. Applied to the M5-brane sigma-model we recover and properly globalize the M-theory super Lie algebra extension of 11-dimensional superisometries by 2-brane and 5-brane charges. Passing beyond the infinitesimal Lie theory we find cohomological corrections to these charges in higher analogy to the familiar corrections for D-brane charges as they are lifted from ordinary cohomology to twisted K-theory. This supports the proposal that M-brane charges live in a twisted cohomology theory.
description: 19 pages, v2: references added, details of the main computation spelled out
title: Imaging of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis – A case series and review of the current literature
Creators: name: Croucher, Maria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Surgery
subject: Education and training
subject: Inflammation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To outline the multi-modality imaging features of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, and correlate these with histopathological findings. To highlight clinical and radiological features of relevant differential diagnosis, including conventional...
Tumor Endothelial Cells with Distinct Patterns of TGF -Driven Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Creators: name: Burridge, Keith
name: Xiao, Lin
name: Davis, Clayton L.
name: Xu, Xia
name: Dunleavey, James M.
name: Monaghan-Benson, Elizabeth
name: Dudley, Andrew C.
name: Xu, Nuo
name: Frye, Stephen V.
name: Kim, Dae Joong
name: Pattenden, Samantha G.
name: Onaitis, Mark
name: Vanderlinden, Alissa K.
name: McCann, James V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) occurs during development and underlies the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. In tumors, unscheduled EndMT generates cancer-associated myofibroblasts that fuel inflammation and fibrosis, and may contribute to vascular dysfunction that promotes tumor progression. We report that freshly isolated subpopulations of tumor-specific endothelial cells (TEC) from a spontaneous mammary tumor model undergo distinct forms of EndMT in response to TGFβ stimulation. Whereas some TEC strikingly up-regulate alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA), a principal marker of EndMT and activated myofibroblasts, counterpart normal mammary gland endothelial cells (NEC) showed little change in SMA expression after TGFβ treatment. Compared with NEC, SMA+ TEC were 40 % less motile in wound healing assays and formed more stable vascular-like networks in vitro when challenged with TGFβ. Lineage tracing using ZsGreenCdh5-Cre reporter mice confirmed that only a fraction of vessels in breast tumors contain SMA+ TEC, suggesting that not all endothelial cells (EC) respond identically to TGFβ in vivo. Indeed, examination of 84 TGFβ-regulated target genes revealed entirely different genetic signatures in TGFβ-stimulated NEC and TEC cultures. Finally, we found that basic FGF (bFGF) exerts potent inhibitory effects on many TGFβ-regulated genes but operates in tandem with TGFβ to up-regulate others. EC challenged with TGFβ secrete bFGF which blocks SMA expression in secondary cultures suggesting a cell-autonomous or lateral-inhibitory mechanism for impeding mesenchymal differentiation. Together, our results suggest that TGFβ-driven EndMT produces a spectrum of EC phenotypes with different functions that could underlie the plasticity and heterogeneity of the tumor vasculature.
(401760) Mary Low
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Human BK Polyomavirus—The Potential for Head and Neck Malignancy and Disease
Creators: name: Webster-Cyriaque, Jennifer
name: Burger-Calderon, Raquel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Members of the human Polyomaviridae family are ubiquitous and pathogenic among immune-compromised individuals. While only Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has conclusively been linked to human cancer, all members of the polyomavirus (PyV) family encode the oncoprotein T antigen and may be potentially carcinogenic. Studies focusing on PyV pathogenesis in humans have become more abundant as the number of PyV family members and the list of associated diseases has expanded. BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) in particular has emerged as a new opportunistic pathogen among HIV positive individuals, carrying harmful implications. Increasing evidence links BKPyV to HIV-associated salivary gland disease (HIVSGD). HIVSGD is associated with elevated risk of lymphoma formation and its prevalence has increased among HIV/AIDS patients. Determining the relationship between BKPyV, disease and tumorigenesis among immunosuppressed individuals is necessary and will allow for expanding effective anti-viral treatment and prevention options in the future.
MPEC 2023-T234 : 2008 VA110
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2008 VA110

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
title: Paget disease of the skull and temporal bone: A narrative and pictorial review.
Creators: name: Ventura Díaz, Sofía
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Nuclear medicine conventional
subject: Education
subject: Pathology

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review the basic anatomic architecture of the skull and temporal bone To recognize the radiologic spectrum through different imaging modalities of cranial and temporal Paget disease To know the differential diagnosis To revise the possible...
Searching for cosmological variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio using a single $H_2$ system
Creators: name: Le, T. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploring physics beyond General Relativity and the Standard Model of Particle Physics involves investigating spacetime variations in natural constants. This study employs an $H_2$-single of QSO 0347-383 observational spectrum to propose a unique approach for detecting potential changes in the proton-to-electron mass ratio. By comparing the ratio from observational and laboratory data in the Lyman-Alpha transition line, we derive a cosmological variation of $Δμ/ μ= (0.120 \pm 0.144) \times 10^{-8}$ at $z_{abs}=3.025$. This approach not only advances fundamental physics understanding but also introduces innovative techniques for analyzing high-redshift QSO systems.
Fermi liquid behavior of the in-plane resistivity in the pseudogap state of YBa_2Cu_4O_8
Creators: name: Proust, Cyril
name: Vignolle, B.
name: Levallois, J.
name: Adachi, S.
name: Hussey, N. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our knowledge of the ground state of underdoped hole-doped cuprates has evolved considerably over the last few years. There is now compelling evidence that inside the pseudogap phase, charge order breaks translational symmetry leading to a reconstructed Fermi surface made of small pockets. Quantum oscillations, [Doiron-Leyraud N, et al. (2007) Nature 447:564-568], optical conductivity [Mirzaei SI, et al. (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:5774-5778] and the validity of Wiedemann-Franz law [Grissonnache G, et al. (2016) Phys. Rev. B 93:064513] point to a Fermi liquid regime at low temperature in the underdoped regime. However, the observation of a quadratic temperature dependence in the electrical resistivity at low temperatures, the hallmark of a Fermi liquid regime, is still missing. Here, we report magnetoresistance measurements in the magnetic-field-induced normal state of underdoped YBa_2Cu_4O_8 which are consistent with a T^2 resistivity extending down to 1.5 K. The magnitude of the T^2 coefficient, however, is much smaller than expected for a single pocket of the mass and size observed in quantum oscillations, implying that the reconstructed Fermi surface must consist of at least one additional pocket.
description: Main + SI : published version
title: MRI evaluation in patients with rectal neoplasia with neoadjuvant treatment following the "Watch and Wait" strategy.
Creators: name: Rafart Martínez, Gerard
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: MR
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To analyze our results in patients with rectal neoplasia (stage II-III) who followed a Watch-and-Wait (WW) strategy. To review and describe the MRI findings of false positives who, after surgery, were shown to be in complete clinical...