cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Axisymmetric, stationary collisionless gas configurations surrounding black holes
Creators: name: Gabarrete, Carlos
name: Sarbach, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of a stationary gas cloud surrounding a black hole are discussed, assuming that the gas consists of collisionless, identical massive particles that follow spatially bound geodesic orbits in the Schwarzschild spacetime. Several models for the one-particle distribution function are considered, and the essential formulae that describe the relevant macroscopic observables, like the current density four-vector and the stress-energy-momentum tensor are derived. This is achieved by rewriting these observables as integrals over the constants of motion and by a careful analysis of the range of integration. In particular, we provide configurations with finite total mass and angular momentum. Differences between these configurations and their nonrelativistic counterparts in a Newtonian potential are analyzed. Finally, our configurations are compared to their hydrodynamic analogues, the "polish doughnuts".
description: 28 pages, 19 figures, 1 table
Lamb-Dicke spectroscopy of atoms in a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre
Creators: name: Okaba, Shoichi
name: Takano, Tetsushi
name: Benabid, Fetah
name: Bradley, Tom
name: Vincetti, Luca
name: Maizelis, Zakhar
name: Yampol'skii, Valery
name: Nori, Franco
name: Katori, Hidetoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unlike photons, which are conveniently handled by mirrors and optical fibres without loss of coherence, atoms lose their coherence via atom-atom and atom-wall interactions. This decoherence of atoms deteriorates the performance of atomic clocks and magnetometers, and also hinders their miniaturisation. Here we report a novel platform for precision spectroscopy. Ultracold strontium atoms inside a kKagome-lattice hollow-core photonic crystal fibre (HC-PCF) are transversely confined by an optical lattice to prevent atoms from interacting with the fibre wall. By confining at most one atom in each lattice site, to avoid atom-atom interactions and Doppler effect, a 7.8-kHz-wide spectrum is observed for the $^1 S_0-{}^3P_1$ (m=0) transition. Atoms singly trapped in a magic lattice in hollow-core photonic crystal fibresHC-PCFs improve the optical depth while preserving atomic coherence time.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures
Superradiant Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Ruimy, Ron
name: Gorlach, Alexey
name: Baranes, Gefen
name: Kaminer, Ido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the interaction between a free electron and an ensemble of identical optical emitters. The mutual coherence and correlations between the emitters can enhance the interaction with each electron and become imprinted on its energy spectrum. We present schemes by which such collective interactions can be realized. As a possible application, we investigate free-electron interactions with superradiant systems, showing how electrons can probe the ultrafast population dynamics of superradiance.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Avenues to new-physics searches in cosmic ray air showers
Creators: name: Fischer, Oliver
name: Reininghaus, Maximilian
name: Ulrich, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic Rays (CR) impinging on the terrestrial atmosphere provide a viable opportunity to study new physics in hadron-nucleus collisions at energies covering many orders of magnitude, including a regime well beyond LHC energies. The permanent flux of primary CR can be used to estimate event rates for a given type of new physics scenario. As a step to estimate the potential for new-physics searches in CR-induced Extensive Air Showers (EAS), we here determine the total luminosity, including the contribution stemming from the cascade of secondaries in hadron-air interactions using Monte Carlo simulations of the hadronic shower component with CORSIKA~8. We show results obtained for single showers and discuss the interplay with the CR spectrum. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility to study BSM phenomenology in EAS, focusing on so-called large-multiplicity Higgs production as an explicit example and its impact on EAS observables.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; submitted to PoS(ICHEP2020)
Factor XSanto Domingo. Evidence that the severe clinical phenotype arises from a mutation blocking secretion.
Creators: name: Stafford, D W
name: Wallmark, A
name: Hamaguchi, N
name: High, K A
name: Watzke, H H
name: Giardina, P
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: Factor X (FX) is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein required for the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. FXSanto Domingo is a hereditary FX deficiency which is characterized clinically by a severe bleeding diathesis. The proposita has a FX activity of less than 1% and a FX antigen of less than 5%. We have determined the molecular basis of the defect in the FXSanto Domingo gene by amplification of all eight exons with polymerase chain reaction and subsequent sequence analysis. The patient is homozygous for a G----A transition in exon I at codon -20 (numbering the alanine at the NH2 terminus of the mature protein as +1), resulting in the substitution of arginine for glycine in the carboxy-terminal part of the signal peptide. This amino acid change occurs near the presumed cleavage site of the signal peptidase. We hypothesized that the mutation might prevent cleavage by the signal peptidase which in turn would impair proper secretion of the FX protein. To test this hypothesis, we compared the expression of wild type and mutant FX cDNA in a human kidney cell line. Wild type and mutant constructs in the expression vector pCMV4 were introduced into the human embryonic kidney cell line 293 by calcium phosphate transfection. FX antigen levels in the supernatant of the cells harboring the wild type construct were 2.4 micrograms/10(7) cells per 24 h, whereas antigen levels in media from cells containing the FXSanto Domingo construct were undetectable. No FX antigen was detected in the cell lysates of cells transfected with the mutant construct. To insure that the difference in protein levels was not due to a difference in steady state levels of mRNA, Northern analysis was performed on RNA from the cell lysates of both constructs. The results showed a transcript of the same size, present in roughly equal amounts, in both cases. Thus, the defect in the signal sequence of FXSanto Domingo exerts its effect posttranscriptionally. FXSanto Domingo is the first described example of a bleeding diathesis due to a mutation in the signal sequence.
Self-Supervised Clustering on Image-Subtracted Data with Deep-Embedded Self-Organizing Map
Creators: name: Mong, Y. -L.
name: Ackley, K.
name: Killestein, T. L.
name: Galloway, D. K.
name: Dyer, M.
name: Cutter, R.
name: Brown, M. J. I.
name: Lyman, J.
name: Ulaczyk, K.
name: Steeghs, D.
name: Dhillon, V.
name: O'Brien, P.
name: Ramsay, G.
name: Noysena, K.
name: Kotak, R.
name: Breton, R.
name: Nuttall, L.
name: Palle, E.
name: Pollacco, D.
name: Thrane, E.
name: Awiphan, S.
name: Burhanudin, U.
name: Chote, P.
name: Chrimes, A.
name: Daw, E.
name: Duffy, C.
name: Eyles-Ferris, R.
name: Gompertz, B. P.
name: Heikkila, T.
name: Irawati, P.
name: Kennedy, M.
name: Levan, A.
name: Littlefair, S.
name: Makrygianni, L.
name: Marsh, T.
name: Sanchez, D. Mata
name: Mattila, S.
name: Maund, J. R.
name: McCormac, J.
name: Mkrtichian, D.
name: Mullaney, J.
name: Rol, E.
name: Sawangwit, U.
name: Stanway, E.
name: Starling, R.
name: Strom, P.
name: Tooke, S.
name: Wiersema, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Developing an effective automatic classifier to separate genuine sources from artifacts is essential for transient follow-ups in wide-field optical surveys. The identification of transient detections from the subtraction artifacts after the image differencing process is a key step in such classifiers, known as real-bogus classification problem. We apply a self-supervised machine learning model, the deep-embedded self-organizing map (DESOM) to this "real-bogus" classification problem. DESOM combines an autoencoder and a self-organizing map to perform clustering in order to distinguish between real and bogus detections, based on their dimensionality-reduced representations. We use 32x32 normalized detection thumbnails as the input of DESOM. We demonstrate different model training approaches, and find that our best DESOM classifier shows a missed detection rate of 6.6% with a false positive rate of 1.5%. DESOM offers a more nuanced way to fine-tune the decision boundary identifying likely real detections when used in combination with other types of classifiers, for example built on neural networks or decision trees. We also discuss other potential usages of DESOM and its limitations.
Topological to magnetically ordered quantum phase transition in antiferromagnetic spin ladders with long-range interactions
Creators: name: Yang, Luhang
name: Weinberg, Phillip
name: Feiguin, Adrian E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a generalized quantum spin ladder with staggered long range interactions that decay as a power-law with exponent $α$. Using large scale quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulations, we show that this model undergoes a transition from a rung-dimer phase characterized by a non-local string order parameter, to a symmetry broken Néel phase. We find evidence that the transition is second order. In the magnetically ordered phase, the spectrum exhibits gapless modes, while excitations in the gapped phase are well described in terms of triplons -- bound states of spinons across the legs. We obtain the momentum resolved spin dynamic structure factor numerically and find a well defined triplon band that evolves into a gapless magnon dispersion across the transition. We further discuss the possibility of deconfined criticality in this model.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
ILMIY USLUBNING LEKSIK-GRAMMATIK XUSUSIYATLARI
Creators: name: Xamdamova, Oygul
name: Husaynova, Mahliyo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada ilmiy uslubning o'ziga xususiyatlari haqida olimlarning fikrlari, namunalar, dalillar, leksik-grammatik xususiyatlari haqida fikr yuritilgan.
Dynamics of a vortex dipole across a magnetic phase boundary in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Kaneda, Tomoya
name: Saito, Hiroki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of a vortex dipole in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate in which magnetic phases are spatially distributed is investigated. When a vortex dipole travels from the ferromagnetic phase to the polar phase, or vice versa, it penetrates the phase boundary and transforms into one of the various spin vortex dipoles, such as a leapfrogging ferromagnetic-core vortex dipole and a half-quantum vortex dipole. Topological connections of spin wave functions across the phase boundary are discussed.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 7 movies
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 4 (47)]
Creators: name: Danixius
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1311
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Danixius, genannt Bellus, Sohn des verstorbenen Ugo Cataneus de Cosonrezo, aus Samarate, verkauft ad libellum dem Anzerus Boxius, Sohn des verstorbenen Protaxius aus dem Stadtviertel Porta Nova, ein Stück Land mit Gebäuden in Mailand, gelegen in der parochia St. Spitianini porte Horientalis.
Topological magnons in Kitaev magnets with finite Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at high field
Creators: name: Li, Kangkang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There have been intensive studies on Kitaev materials for the sake of the realization of exotic states such as quantum spin liquid and topological orders. In realistic materials, the Kitaev interaction may coexist with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), and it is a challenge to distinguish their magnitudes separately. Here, we study the topological magnon excitations and related thermal Hall conductivity of kagome magnet exhibiting Heisenberg, Kitaev and DM interactions exposed to a magnetic field. In a strong magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the lattice ([111] direction) that bring the system into the fully polarized paramagnetic phase, we find that the magnon bands carry nontrivial Chern numbers in the full region of the phase diagram. Furthermore, there are phase transitions relate two topological phases with opposite Chern numbers, which lead to the sign changes of the thermal Hall conductivity. In the phase with negative thermal conductivity, the Kitaev interaction is relatively large and the width of the phase increases with the strength of DMI. Hence the study here will contribute to the understanding of related compounds.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2209.04133
Degradation of endogenous bacterial cell wall polymers by the muralytic enzyme mutanolysin prevents hepatobiliary injury in genetically susceptible rats with experimental intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
Creators: name: Sartor, R B
name: Keku, J
name: Okoruwa, E E
name: Schwab, J H
name: Lichtman, S N
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: Jejunal self-filling blind loops with subsequent small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO) induce hepatobiliary injury in genetically susceptible Lewis rats. Lesions consist of portal tract inflammation, bile duct proliferation, and destruction. To determine the pathogenesis of SBBO-induced hepatobiliary injury, we treated Lewis rats with SBBO by using several agents with different mechanisms of activity. Buffer treatment, ursodeoxycholic acid, prednisone, methotrexate, and cyclosporin A failed to prevent SBBO-induced injury as demonstrated by increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and elevated histology scores. However, hepatic injury was prevented by mutanolysin, a muralytic enzyme whose only known activity is to split the beta 1-4 N-acetylmuramyl-N-acetylglucosamine linkage of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS), a bacterial cell wall polymer with potent inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. Mutanolysin therapy started on the day blind loops were surgically created and continued for 8 wk significantly diminished AST (101 +/- 37 U/liter) and liver histology scores (2.2 +/- 2.7) compared to buffer-treated rats (228 +/- 146 U/liter, P < 0.05, 8.2 +/- 1.9, P < 0.001 respectively). Mutanolysin treatment started during the early phase of hepatic injury, 16-21 d after surgery, decreased AST in 7 of 11 rats from 142 +/- 80 to 103 +/- 24 U/liter contrasted to increased AST in 9 of 11 buffer-treated rats from 108 +/- 52 to 247 +/- 142 U/liter, P < 0.05. Mutanolysin did not change total bacterial numbers within the loop, eliminate Bacteroides sp., have in vitro antibiotic effects, or diminish mucosal PG-PS transport. However, mutanolysin treatment prevented elevation of plasma anti-PG antibodies and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) levels which occurred in buffer treated rats with SBBO and decreased TNF alpha production in isolated Kupffer cells stimulated in vitro with PG-PS. Based on the preventive and therapeutic activity of this highly specific muralytic enzyme, we conclude that systemic uptake of PG-PS derived from endogenous enteric bacteria contributes to hepatobiliary injury induced by SBBO in susceptible rat strains.
Epiligrin, the major human keratinocyte integrin ligand, is a target in both an acquired autoimmune and an inherited subepidermal blistering skin disease.
Creators: name: Carter, W G
name: Briggaman, R A
name: Gil, S G
name: Domloge-Hultsch, N
name: Gammon, W R
name: Yancey, K B
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: Epiligrin, the major component of human keratinocyte extracellular matrix, serves as the preferred integrin ligand for alpha 3 beta 1 in plasma membranes and focal adhesions, and colocalizes with alpha 6 beta 4 in hemidesmosomes. In human skin, epiligrin is found in the lamina lucida subregion of epidermal basement membrane, where it is thought to be associated with anchoring filaments. We have identified three patients with an acquired mucosal predominant subepidermal blistering disease who have IgG anti-basement membrane autoantibodies that bind the lamina lucida/lamina densa interface of epidermal basement membrane, stain cultured human keratinocyte extracellular matrix, and immunoprecipitate disulfide linked polypeptides of 170, 145, 125, and 95 kD in human keratinocyte culture media in a pattern identical to that of P1E1, a murine monoclonal antiepiligrin antibody. Comparative immunoprecipitation studies of patient sera, P1E1, and GB3 monoclonal antibody show that epiligrin is identical to the antigen (i.e., BM600 or GB3 antigen) previously reported to be absent from the skin of patients with lethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa, an inherited subepidermal blistering disease. Moreover, skin from a fetus with this disease shows no evidence of reactivity to patient antiepiligrin autoantibodies or P1E1. These studies show that antiepiligrin autoantibodies are a specific marker for a novel autoimmune blistering disease and that the epidermal basement membrane antigen absent in patients with lethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa is epiligrin.
Results and Prospects of Radiative and Electroweak Penguin Decays at Belle II
Creators: name: Sato, Yo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiative and electroweak penguin mediated decays of $B$ mesons are a great probe for physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Furthermore, recently anomalies on exclusive $b \rightarrow s \ell^{+} \ell^{-}$ processes, which may imply lepton flavor universality violation, have been observed. Belle II experiment sheds light on the anomalies with the measurement of an inclusive analysis in this mode. Thanks to smaller hadronic uncertainties compared with exclusive modes, complementary information can be provided. Belle II is also a unique experiment to search for processes involving neutrinos such as $B \rightarrow K^{(*)} ν\overlineν$. We report the results and prospects of an inclusive $B \rightarrow X_s \ell^{+} \ell^{-}$ analysis and a search for $B \to K^{(*)} ν\overlineν$.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings of the ICHEP 2020 conference
Fibroblasts modulate intestinal secretory responses to inflammatory mediators.
Creators: name: Berschneider, H M
name: Powell, D W
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: Cultured colonic epithelial cells and fibroblasts were used to examine the interaction between these cell types during intestinal secretion. Secretory responses of T84 colonic epithelial cells, measured as changes in the short-circuit current in modified Ussing chambers to bradykinin, serotonin, hydrogen peroxide, and histamine, were enhanced in the presence of fibroblasts, either in cocultures or when separate cultures of fibroblasts were acutely juxtaposed with the T84 cultures. This effect was abolished by pretreatment with indomethacin and the fibroblasts were found to release prostaglandin E2 in response to these inflammatory mediators. Fibroblasts may exert a paracrine regulation on the secretory response of intestinal epithelial cells via the generation and release of cyclooxygenase products in response to inflammatory mediators. These studies suggest a novel function for the intestinal fibroblastic sheath: that of amplification of the inflammatory response through mesenchymal/epithelial interaction.
Ordinary differential equations described by their Lie symmetry algebra
Creators: name: Manno, Gianni
name: Oliveri, Francesco
name: Saccomandi, Giuseppe
name: Vitolo, Raffaele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J70

description: The theory of Lie remarkable equations, i.e. differential equations characterized by their Lie point symmetries, is reviewed and applied to ordinary differential equations. In particular, we consider some relevant Lie algebras of vector fields on $\mathbb{R}^k$ and characterize Lie remarkable equations admitted by the considered Lie algebras.
description: 17 pages
Explicit Dirichlet-neumann Operator For Water Waves
Creators: name: Clamond, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An explicit expression for the Dirichlet-Neumann operator for surface water waves is presented. For non-overturning waves, but without assuming small amplitudes, the formula is first derived in two dimensions, subsequently extrapolated in higher dimensions and with a moving bottom. Although described here for water waves, this elementary approach could be adapted to many other problems having similar mathematical formulations.
Big Bang Singularity Resolution In Quantum Cosmology
Creators: name: Thebault, Karim P. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the physical viability and logical strength of an array of putative criteria for big bang singularity resolution in quantum cosmology. Based on this analysis, we propose a mutually consistent set of constitutive conditions, which we argue should be taken to jointly define `global' and `local' big bang singularity resolution in this context. Whilst the present article will focus exclusively on evaluating resolution criteria for big bang singularities in the context of finite dimensional models of quantum cosmology, it is also hoped that the core features of our analysis will be extendable to a more general analysis of criteria for quantum singularity resolution in cosmology and black hole physics.
description: forthcoming in Classical and Quantum Gravity
HLX-1 may be an SS433 system
Creators: name: King, Andrew
name: Lasota, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the hyperluminous source HLX--1 may be a stellar--mass binary system like SS433, but seen along its X--ray beams. The precession of these beams gives the $\sim 1$~yr characteristic timescale of the light curve, while the significant X--ray duty cycle means that the precession angle must be comparable with the beam opening angle, which is of order $1.6^{\circ}$. The X--ray light curve appears to result from geometric collimation and scattering as the beam moves through the line of sight. Encouragingly, the distance $\sim 95$~Mpc suggested for HLX--1 is only a few times larger than the minimum distance at which we can expect to view such a highly--beamed system along its axis. This picture allows a simple interpretation of HLX--1 as the most extreme known member of the ULX population.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS
New results on inclusive $B\to X_{u} \ell ν$ decay from the Belle experiment
Creators: name: Cao, Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the measurement of inclusive charmless semileptonic B decays $B \to X_{u} \ell ν$. The analysis makes use of hadronic tagging and is performed on the full data set of the Belle experiment comprising 772 million $B\bar{B}$ pairs. In the proceedings, the preliminary results of measurements of partial branching fractions and the CKM matrix element $|V_{ub}|$ are presented.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables, presented at the ICHEP 2020 (Prague, Virtual Conference)
Prominence fine structures in weakly twisted and highly twisted magnetic flux ropes
Creators: name: Guo, J. H.
name: Ni, Y. W.
name: Zhou, Y. H.
name: Guo, Y.
name: Schmieder, B.
name: Chen, P. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many prominences are supported by magnetic flux ropes. One important question is how we can determine whether the flux rope is weakly-twisted or strongly-twisted. In this paper, we attempted to check whether prominences supported by weakly-twisted and strongly-twisted flux ropes can manifest different features so that we might distinguish the two types of magnetic structures by their appearance. We performed pseudo three-dimensional simulations of two magnetic flux ropes with different twists. We found that the resulting two prominences differ in many aspects. The prominence supported by a weakly-twisted flux rope is composed mainly of transient threads, forming high-speed flows inside the prominence. Its horns are evident. Conversely, the one supported by a highly-twisted flux rope consists mainly of stable quasi-stationary threads, including longer independently trapped threads and shorter magnetically connected threads. It is also revealed that the prominence spine deviates from the flux rope axis in the vertical direction and from the photospheric polarity inversion line projected on the solar surface, especially for the weakly-twisted magnetic flux rope. The two types of prominences differ significantly in appearance. It is also suggested that a piling-up of short threads in highly-twisted flux ropes might account for the vertical-like threads in some prominences.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Clustering structure of nuclei in deep inelastic processes
Creators: name: Hirai, M.
name: Kumano, S.
name: Saito, K.
name: Watanabe, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A clustering aspect is explained for the $^9$Be nucleus in charged-lepton deep inelastic scattering. Nuclear modifications of the structure function $F_2$ are studied by the ratio $R_{\rm EMC} = F_2^A /F_2^D$, where $A$ and $D$ are a nucleus and the deuteron, respectively. In a JLab experiment, an unexpectedly large nuclear modification slope $|dR_{\rm EMC}/dx|$ was found for $^9$Be, which could be related to its clustering structure. We investigated a mean conventional part of a nuclear structure function $F_2^A$ by a convolution description with nucleon momentum distributions calculated by antisymmetrized (or fermionic) molecular dynamics (AMD) and also by a simple shell model. We found that clustering effects are small in the conventional part, so that the JLab result could be associated with an internal nucleon modification or a short-range nuclear correlation which is caused by high densities due to cluster formation.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Proceedings of IOP Conference Series, 3rd International Workshop on State of the Art in Nuclear Cluster Physics, Kanto Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan, May 26-30, 2014
LATIFALAR MATNLARIDA FONOSTILISTIK VOSITALARNING IFODALANISHI
Creators: name: Husaynova, Mahliyo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada o'zbek milliy latifalari va so'z o'yinlarining fonostilistik xususiyatlari va o'ziga xos jihatlari haqida so'z boradi. Latifalarning matnini hosil qilishda tovushlarning ahamiyati va fonetik hodisalarga e'tibor qaratiladi. Latifalarning bosh qahramoni bo'lmish afandi obrazi bilan bog'liq fonostilistik hodisalar yordamida hosil qilingan  misollar tahlil qilinadi va xulosalar beriladi.
Temperature tuned Fermi surface topology and segmentation in non-centrosymmetric superconductors
Creators: name: Karmakar, Madhuparna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first comprehensive microscopic description of the thermal fluctuations tuned Fermi surface characteristics in a non-centrosymmetric superconductor, in presence of an in-plane Zeeman field. Using a non perturbative approach we demonstrate that short range fluctuating superconducting pair correlations give rise to segmentation of the Fermi surface with direction dependent pair breaking and hotspots for quasiparticle scattering. Further, a fluctuation driven change in the Fermi surface topology is realized, characterized by a shift of the corresponding Dirac point from the trivial ${\bf k}=0$ to the non trivial ${\bf k} \neq 0$. Our results provide key benchmarks for the thermal scales and regimes of thermal stability of the properties of these systems, that are important from the applied perspective to spintronic devices. Our theoretical estimates are in remarkable qualitative agreement with the recent differential conductance and quasiparticle interference measurements on Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$/NbSe$_{2}$ hybrid. A generic theoretical framework for the finite momentum scattering of quasiparticles and the associated spectroscopic features is proposed, which is expected to be applicable to a wide class of superconducting materials.
description: 8 pages with 5 figures; supplementary materials with 3 figures
Rigidity estimates for isometric and conformal maps from $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ to $\mathbb{R}^n$
Creators: name: Luckhaus, Stephan
name: Zemas, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26D10, 30C70, 49Q20

description: We investigate both linear and nonlinear stability aspects of rigid motions (resp. Möbius transformations) of $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ among Sobolev maps from $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ into $\mathbb{R}^n$. Unlike similar in flavour results for maps defined on domains of $\mathbb{R}^n$ and mapping into $\mathbb{R}^n$, not only an isometric (resp. conformal) deficit is necessary in this more flexible setting, but also a deficit measuring the distortion of $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ under the maps in consideration. The latter is defined as an associated isoperimetric type of deficit. We mostly focus on the case $n=3$, where we also explain why the estimates are optimal in their corresponding settings. In the isometric case the estimate holds true also when $n=2$ and generalizes in dimensions $n\geq 4$ as well, if one requires apriori boundedness in a certain higher Sobolev norm. We also obtain linear stability estimates for both cases in all dimensions. These can be regarded as Korn-type inequalities for the combination of the quadratic form associated with the isometric (resp. conformal) deficit on $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ and the isoperimetric one.
description: 61 pages, final version after reviewing process. Accepted in Inventiones Mathematicae
ScaTE: A Scalable Framework for Self-Supervised Traversability Estimation in Unstructured Environments
Creators: name: Seo, Junwon
name: Kim, Taekyung
name: Kwak, Kiho
name: Min, Jihong
name: Shim, Inwook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For the safe and successful navigation of autonomous vehicles in unstructured environments, the traversability of terrain should vary based on the driving capabilities of the vehicles. Actual driving experience can be utilized in a self-supervised fashion to learn vehicle-specific traversability. However, existing methods for learning self-supervised traversability are not highly scalable for learning the traversability of various vehicles. In this work, we introduce a scalable framework for learning self-supervised traversability, which can learn the traversability directly from vehicle-terrain interaction without any human supervision. We train a neural network that predicts the proprioceptive experience that a vehicle would undergo from 3D point clouds. Using a novel PU learning method, the network simultaneously identifies non-traversable regions where estimations can be overconfident. With driving data of various vehicles gathered from simulation and the real world, we show that our framework is capable of learning the self-supervised traversability of various vehicles. By integrating our framework with a model predictive controller, we demonstrate that estimated traversability results in effective navigation that enables distinct maneuvers based on the driving characteristics of the vehicles. In addition, experimental results validate the ability of our method to identify and avoid non-traversable regions.
description: Accepted to IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (and IROS 2023). Our video can be found at https://youtu.be/ZZHfD-8OpBg
Data classification using the Dempster-Shafer method
Creators: name: Chen, Qi
name: Whitbrook, Amanda
name: Aickelin, Uwe
name: Roadknight, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, the Dempster-Shafer method is employed as the theoretical basis for creating data classification systems. Testing is carried out using three popular (multiple attribute) benchmark datasets that have two, three and four classes. In each case, a subset of the available data is used for training to establish thresholds, limits or likelihoods of class membership for each attribute, and hence create mass functions that establish probability of class membership for each attribute of the test data. Classification of each data item is achieved by combination of these probabilities via Dempster's Rule of Combination. Results for the first two datasets show extremely high classification accuracy that is competitive with other popular methods. The third dataset is non-numerical and difficult to classify, but good results can be achieved provided the system and mass functions are designed carefully and the right attributes are chosen for combination. In all cases the Dempster-Shafer method provides comparable performance to other more popular algorithms, but the overhead of generating accurate mass functions increases the complexity with the addition of new attributes. Overall, the results suggest that the D-S approach provides a suitable framework for the design of classification systems and that automating the mass function design and calculation would increase the viability of the algorithm for complex classification problems.
description: Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, ahead-of-print, 2014
Accretion disks, quasars and cosmology: meandering towards understanding
Creators: name: Czerny, Bozena
name: Cao, Shulei
name: Jaiswal, Vikram Kumar
name: Karas, Vladimír
name: Khadka, Narayan
name: Martínez-Aldama, Mary Loli
name: Naddaf, Mohammad Hassan
name: Panda, Swayamtrupta
name: Nuñez, Francisco Pozo
name: Prince, Raj
name: Ratra, Bharat
name: Sniegowska, Marzena
name: Yu, Zhefu
name: Zajaček, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As Setti & Woltjer noted back in 1973, quasars could be used to construct the Hubble diagram but the actual application was not that straightforward. It took years to implement the idea successfully. Most of the ways to use quasars for cosmology now require an advanced understanding of their structure, step by step. We briefly review this progress, with unavoidable personal bias, and concentrate on bright unobscured sources. We will mention the problem of the gas flow character close to the innermost stable circular orbit close to the black hole, discussed 50 years ago, which later led to the development of the slim disk scenario, but was recently revived in the context of Magnetically Arrested Disks (MAD) and Standard and Normal Evolution (SANE) disk models. We also discuss the hot/warm corona issue, which is still under discussion and complicates the analysis of the X-ray reflection. We present the scenario of the formation of the low ionization part of the Broad Line Region as a mostly failed wind powered by radiation pressure acting on dust (FRADO - Failed Radiatively Driven Dusty Outflow model). Next, we discuss the cosmological constraints that are currently achievable with quasars, mostly concentrating on light echo methods (continuum time delays and spectral line time delays with respect to the continuum) which are (or should be) incorporating the progress mentioned above. Finally, we briefly mention future prospects in this direction.
description: Astrophysics and Space Science (in press)
Human autoantibodies against desmoplakins in paraneoplastic pemphigus.
Creators: name: O'Keefe, E J
name: Labib, R S
name: Ariss-Abdo, L
name: Anhalt, G J
name: Burke, T
name: Oursler, J R
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: Recently, a previously unrecognized autoantibody mediated blistering disease, paraneoplastic pemphigus has been described. Paraneoplastic pemphigus is associated with lymphoid malignancies, thymomas, and poorly differentiated sarcomas. Serum of affected patients contain pathogenic autoantibodies that immunoprecipitate from normal keratinocytes a characteristic complex of four polypeptides with M(r) of 250, 230, 210, and 190 kD. As our preliminary studies indicated that the 250-kD and the 210-kD antigens comigrated with desmoplakins I and II, we investigated the possibility that autoantibodies against the desmoplakins were a component of this autoimmune syndrome. 11 sera from affected patients were tested by indirect immunofluorescence against desmosome containing tissues, immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled keratinocytes, and Western immunoblotting of desmoplakins I and II that had been purified to homogeneity from pig tongue epithelium. By indirect immunofluorescence, 9 of 11 sera showed strong binding to epithelial and nonepithelial desmosomes, and 2 were weakly reactive. All 11 immunoprecipitated 250- and 210-kD bands of variable intensity that comigrated with bands identified by a murine monoclonal antidesmoplakin antibody, and immunoblotting confirmed binding of the serum autoantibodies to purified desmoplakins. This demonstrates that paraneoplastic pemphigus is the first human autoimmune syndrome in which autoantibodies against the desmoplakins are a prominent component of the humoral autoimmune response.
Biological scarification: Biological method for increasing the germination of seeds of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Creators: name: Smirnova, Irina
name: Sadanov, Amankeldi
name: Baimakhanova, Gul
name: Faizulina, Elmira
name: Tatarkina, Larisa
Publisher: name: Journal of Biological Research - Thessaloniki
Year: 2023
Subjects: cellulolytic bacteria; cellulases; Αlfalfa; hard seed; germination; biological scarification

description: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most common commercial crops and the world’s main source of fodder production. However, fields that are sown with Alfalfa often remain 1/4 empty since only 30 - 40% of sown seeds germinate, resulting in sparse crops and considerably reduced green mass yield. Alfalfa cultivation does not reach its full potential due to its hard seed coat that prevents germination. Mechanical scarification helps to break the integrity of the hard seed coat and thereby increases their germination, but this method often damages the embryo. This study aims to increase the germination of Alfalfa seeds using a new biological method: biological scarification. A strain of aerobic cellulolytic bacteria 21N2 was isolated and selected from cellulose-containing substrates. Its main characteristics of strain were studied. Identification of the strain using the molecular genetic method was carried out and it was found that the strain belongs to the genus Bacillus. The strain Bacillus sp. 21N2 has high cellulase activity, fixed atmospheric nitrogen, and synthesized B vitamins. Inoculated seeds with bacteria increased their germination by 28 - 34%. The strain has high PGP-activity (plant growth promotion activity), increasing stem length by 3.2 - 3.6 times, root length by 2.0 - 2.7 times. The bacteria changed the hard coat of seeds: the fibrillary structure was destroyed, microcracks were formed, and a pronounced layering of the coat appeared. Degradation of the integrity of the hard coat makes it more accessible to seed germination. Therefore, biological scarification contributes to the transport of water and nutrients to the seed germ, which stimulates seedling growth.
description: Journal of Biological Research - Thessaloniki, Vol 30 (2023)
Optimal linear response for Markov Hilbert-Schmidt integral operators and stochastic dynamical systems
Creators: name: Antown, Fadi
name: Froyland, Gary
name: Galatolo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37H30, 37M25, 49J50, 49N05

description: We consider optimal control problems for discrete-time random dynamical systems, finding unique perturbations that provoke maximal responses of statistical properties of the system. We treat systems whose transfer operator has an $L^2$ kernel, and we consider the problems of finding (i) the infinitesimal perturbation maximising the expectation of a given observable and (ii) the infinitesimal perturbation maximising the spectral gap, and hence the exponential mixing rate of the system. Our perturbations are either (a) perturbations of the kernel or (b) perturbations of a deterministic map subjected to additive noise. We develop a general setting in which these optimisation problems have a unique solution and construct explicit formulae for the unique optimal perturbations. We apply our results to a Pomeau-Manneville map and an interval exchange map, both subjected to additive noise, to explicitly compute the perturbations provoking maximal responses.
QCD effects in lepton angular distributions of Drell-Yan/$Z$ production and jet discrimination
Creators: name: Chang, Wen-Chen
name: McClellan, Randall Evan
name: Peng, Jen-Chieh
name: Teryaev, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comparison of data of lepton angular distributions of Drell-Yan/$Z$ production with the fixed-order pQCD calculations by which the baseline of pQCD effects is illustrated. As for the $Z$ production, we predict that $A_0$ and $A_2$ for $Z$ plus single gluon-jet events are very different from that of $Z$ plus single quark-jet events, allowing a new experimental tool for checking various algorithms which attempt to discriminate quark jets from gluon jets. Using an intuitive geometric approach, we show that the violation of the Lam-Tung relation, appearing at large transverse-momentum region, is attributed to the presence of a non-coplanarity effect. This interpretation is consistent with the appearance of violation beyond LO-QCD effect.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures; contribution to the proceedings of 40th International Conference on High Energy physics (ICHEP2020), 28 July - 6 August 2020, Prague, Czech. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.11356
Spectroscopic r-Process Abundance Retrieval for Kilonovae I: The Inferred Abundance Pattern of Early Emission from GW170817
Creators: name: Vieira, Nicholas
name: Ruan, John J.
name: Haggard, Daryl
name: Ford, Nicole
name: Drout, Maria R.
name: Fernández, Rodrigo
name: Badnell, N. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Freshly-synthesized r-process elements in kilonovae ejecta imprint absorption features on optical spectra, as observed in the GW170817 binary neutron star merger. These spectral features encode insights into the physical conditions of the r-process and the origins of the ejected material, but associating features with particular elements and inferring the resultant abundance pattern is computationally challenging. We introduce Spectroscopic r-Process Abundance Retrieval for Kilonovae (SPARK), a modular framework to perform Bayesian inference on kilonova spectra with the goals of inferring elemental abundance patterns and identifying absorption features at early times. SPARK inputs an atomic line list and abundance patterns from reaction network calculations into the TARDIS radiative transfer code. It then performs fast Bayesian inference on observed kilonova spectra by training a Gaussian process surrogate for the approximate posteriors of kilonova ejecta parameters, via active learning. We use the spectrum of GW170817 at 1.4 days to perform the first inference on a kilonova spectrum, and recover a complete abundance pattern. Our inference shows that this ejecta was generated by an r-process with either (1) high electron fraction Y_e ~ 0.35 and high entropy s/k_B ~ 25, or, (2) a more moderate Y_e ~ 0.30 and s/k_B ~ 14. These parameters are consistent with a shocked, polar dynamical component, and a viscously-driven outflow from a remnant accretion disk, respectively. We also recover previous identifications of strontium absorption at ~8000 AA, and tentatively identify yttrium and/or zirconium at < 4500 AA. Our approach will enable computationally-tractable inference on the spectra of future kilonovae discovered through multi-messenger observations.
description: Accepted to ApJ; 34 pages, 13 figures