cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Customized data-driven RANS closures for bi-fidelity LES-RANS optimization
Creators: name: Zhang, Yu
name: Dwight, Richard P.
name: Schmelzer, Martin
name: Gomez, Javier F.
name: Hickel, Stefan
name: Han, Zhong-hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-fidelity optimization methods promise a high-fidelity optimum at a cost only slightly greater than a low-fidelity optimization. This promise is seldom achieved in practice, due to the requirement that low- and high-fidelity models correlate well. In this article, we propose an efficient bi-fidelity shape optimization method for turbulent fluid-flow applications with Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) as the high- and low-fidelity models within a hierarchical-Kriging surrogate modelling framework. Since the LES-RANS correlation is often poor, we use the full LES flow-field at a single point in the design space to derive a custom-tailored RANS closure model that reproduces the LES at that point. This is achieved with machine-learning techniques, specifically sparse regression to obtain high corrections of the turbulence anisotropy tensor and the production of turbulence kinetic energy as functions of the RANS mean-flow. The LES-RANS correlation is dramatically improved throughout the design-space. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method in a proof-of-concept shape optimization of the well-known periodic-hill case. Standard RANS models perform poorly in this case, whereas our method converges to the LES-optimum with only two LES samples.
Liberalizing Trade, and its Impact on Poverty and Inequality in Nicaragua
Creators: name: Sanchez, Marco V.
name: Vos, Rob
name: Sanchez, Marco V.
name: Vos, Rob
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development

description: The Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations stalled in 2008 owing in no small degree to a lack of agreement on the terms of substantially reducing trade-distorting support for agricultural products and to what extent this would be beneficial to developing countries. Nicaragua presents an interesting case in point, being one of the poorest economies in Latin America with still a relatively large agricultural sector and high degrees of rural poverty. In 2005, the country signed a free trade agreement with the United States. A previous study showed that most welfare gains of this agreement for Nicaragua would potentially come from the increased market access for textiles and clothing exported to the United States. Under the agreement, the country stands to benefit much less from reducing tariffs on agricultural imports or agro-industrial export quotas. Since the United States is Nicaragua’s main trading partner, this raises the question whether further trade liberalization with all trading partners, including full elimination of all taxes and tariffs on agricultural production and trade, would be any more beneficial. Using a CGE model and a microsimulation methodology, this study shows that small welfare gains in terms of increased output and poverty reduction may be expected for Nicaragua under various scenarios of trade opening. At best, however, there would be a static gain in aggregate output of 1.5 percent as compared with the baseline scenario. This outcome would materialize only in a scenario of worldwide liberalization of trade in agricultural and non-agricultural products as this would yield relatively strong positive terms-of-trade effects for Nicaragua. Employment and real wage growth would contribute to poverty reduction, but only very modestly in a country with still widespread poverty. Most of these small gains would accrue to the rural poor. The analysis further shows that these gains tend to be smaller when using trade elasticity estimates based on country-specific data as compared with the much higher elasticities typically assumed by global trade models, including the Global Linkage model.
Broadband and giant nonreciprocity at the subwavelength scale in magnetoplasmonic materials
Creators: name: Abdelrahman, Mohamed Ismail
name: Monticone, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We unveil a previously overlooked wave propagation regime in magnetized plasmonic (gyrotropic) materials with comparable plasma and cyclotron frequencies, which enables a giant and broadband (nondispersive) nonreciprocal response. We show that this effect is due to a natural form of dispersion compensation that ultimately originates from the subtle implications of the principle of causality for gyrotropic plasmonic media, which allows the existence of a low-loss frequency window with anomalous nonmonotonic dispersion for the extraordinary mode. This is in stark contrast with conventional nongyrotropic passive materials, for which the frequency derivative of the permittivity dispersion function is always positive in low-loss regions. These findings pave the way for superior nonreciprocal components in terms of bandwidth of operation and compactness, with orders-of-magnitude reductions in size. As a relevant example, we consider indium antimonide (InSb) to theoretically demonstrate a deeply subwavelength, broadband, THz isolator operating under moderate magnetic bias and at room temperature.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Nutritional L-Citrulline and tetrahydrobiopterin in peripheral artery disease : a phase II randomized trial (CIPER Study)
Creators: name: Sedding, Daniel
name: [Und Viele Weitere]
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major public health concern due to its high prevalence, severe impact on individuals' health and quality of life, and substantial economic burden. Pharmacological interventions are still limited with numbers needed-to-treat ranging from 6 (cilostazol) to 50 (aspirin, statins, and vorapaxar). Objectives: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover interventional trial aims to measure the effect of L-citrulline and tetrahydrobiopterin (H4Bip) on walking distance in patients with PAD, stratified by plasma levels of asymmetric dimethyl L-arginine (ADMA), the endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Methods: We measured preinterventional ADMA levels in 51 patients with PAD in Australia and Germany with mean changes in absolute claudication distance (dACD) as the primary outcome upon orally supplementing the L-arginine precursor, L-citrulline (3 g) twice daily for 12 weeks, and, in one arm, additionally H4Bip (0.45 g) once per day for a further 2 weeks. Results: Preinterventional ADMA levels were pathological (>0.4 μM) in 34 patients. Supplementation with L-citrulline significantly increased the mean plasma levels of both L-citrulline and L-arginine, from 41.8 ± 2.7 μmol/l to 246.3 ± 67.3 μmol/l (P = 0.004) and from 75.2 ± 4.2 μmol/l to 119.2 ± 6.9 μmol/l (P < 0.0001) respectively, when compared with placebo. dACD in % of control was significantly improved by L-citrulline vs placebo (20.11% ± 4.50% vs 5.73% ± 2.74%, respectively; P = 0.011). Further addition of H4Bip increased the mean percentage dACD to 28.15% ± 6.84% (P = 0.021), but only in patients with preinterventional pathological ADMA levels. Conclusions: L-citrulline and, when ADMA levels are pathological, H4Bip are effective nutritional interventions in patients with PAD warranting further confirmatory trials.
Pradel, Fritz, Griechische und süditalienische Gebete, Beschwörungen und Recepte des Mittelalters
Creators: name: Wirtz, J.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 8 (1908): Oriens christianus, Band 8
Burmapogon Dikow & Grimaldi 2014, new genus
Creators: name: Dikow, Torsten
name: Grimaldi, David A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae
Burmapogon

description: † Burmapogon, new genus
ZooBank LSID: BE54FF1B-9CD8-438B-BC61-7B3 E8672D850
(http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE54FF1B-9CD8-438B-BC61-7B3E8672 D850).
ETYMOLOGY: From Burma, the original name of the country where this amber is deposited, and Greek pogon, “beard,” a common suffix of Asilidae generic names, referring to the mystax. The generic name, to be treated as masculine, refers to the region of the amber deposit.
TYPE SPECIES: † Burmapogon bruckschi, new species., by monotypy.
DIAGNOSIS: Small asilid flies with antennal postpedicel parallel sided (same width throughout) and laterally compressed; antennal stylus composed of one element tapering distally and with distinct apical, setalike sensory element; frons markedly and suddenly diverging laterally; all wing cells open; tibiae with numerous macrosetae and in particular with a large, trowelshaped metathoracic tibial spine; absence of notopleural (npl), supraalar (spa), and postalar (pal) macrosetae; female with acanthophorite plates and spines.
description: Published as part of Dikow, Torsten & Grimaldi, David A., 2014, Robber flies in Cretaceous ambers (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-19 in American Museum Novitates 3799 on page 3, DOI: 10.1206/3799.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3990628
Convergence and Complexity Analysis of a Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm for Inverse Problems
Creators: name: Bergou, E.
name: Diouane, Y.
name: Kungurtsev, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is one of the most popular algorithms for finding the solution of nonlinear least squares problems. Across different modified variations of the basic procedure, the algorithm enjoys global convergence, a competitive worst case iteration complexity rate, and a guaranteed rate of local convergence for both zero and nonzero small residual problems, under suitable assumptions. We introduce a novel Levenberg-Marquardt method that matches, simultaneously, the state of the art in all of these convergence properties with a single seamless algorithm. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical behavior of our proposed algorithm.
Additional file 12 of Pervasive duplication, biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the PP2C family in Glycine max
Creators: name: Fan, Kai
name: Yunrui Chen
name: Zhijun Mao
name: Fang, Yao
name: Zhaowei Li
name: Weiwei Lin
name: Yongqiang Zhang
name: Jianping Liu
name: Jinwen Huang
name: Wenxiong Lin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 12. Motif distributions in the GmPP2C subfamily.
The asymptotic number of binary codes and binary matroids
Creators: name: Wild, Marcel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The asyptotic number of nonequivalent binary n-codes is determined. This is also the asymptotic number of nonisomorphic binary n-matroids. The connection to a result of Lefmann, Roedl, Phelps is explored. The latter states that almost all binary n-codes have a trivial automorphism group.
description: 12 pages
Border Price and Export Demand Shocks for Developing Countries from Rest-of-World Trade Liberalization Using the Linkage Model
Creators: name: Van Der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
name: Valenzuela, Ernesto
name: Anderson, Kym
name: Van Der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
name: Valenzuela, Ernesto
name: Anderson, Kym
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: national agricultural development

description: -
Additional file 13 of Pervasive duplication, biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the PP2C family in Glycine max
Creators: name: Fan, Kai
name: Yunrui Chen
name: Zhijun Mao
name: Fang, Yao
name: Zhaowei Li
name: Weiwei Lin
name: Yongqiang Zhang
name: Jianping Liu
name: Jinwen Huang
name: Wenxiong Lin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 13. Sequence similarity of GmPP2Cs. (A) Sequence similarity of GmPP2Cs from the same and different subfamily. (B) Sequence similarity of duplicated GmPP2Cs in each subfamily.
Lower bounds for the spinless Salpeter equation
Creators: name: Brau, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain lower bounds on the ground state energy, in one and three dimensions, for the spinless Salpeter equation (Schrödinger equation with a relativistic kinetic energy operator) applicable to potentials for which the attractive parts are in $L^p(\R^n)$ for some $p>n$ ($n=1$ or 3). An extension to confining potentials, which are not in $L^p(\R^n)$, is also presented.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to a special issue of Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics in honour of Francesco Calogero on the occasion of his seventieth birthday
Cretagaster Dikow & Grimaldi 2014, new genus
Creators: name: Dikow, Torsten
name: Grimaldi, David A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae
Cretagaster

description: † Cretagaster, new genus
ZooBank LSID: 6840A2DA-5FC9-4C47-8 FE7-33FD213862E0
(http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6840A2DA-5FC9-4C47-8FE7 -33FD213862E0).
ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin creta, “chalk” root of the word Cretaceous), and Greek gaster, “stomach, belly,” the latter a common suffix of generic names for slender Leptogastrinae. The generic name, to be treated as masculine, refers to the Cretaceous age of this currently oldest known Leptogastrinae.
TYPE SPECIES: † Cretagaster raritanensis, new species, by monotypy.
DIAGNOSIS: Small asilid flies with sparsely developed mystax (arranged in a single row); facial swelling not developed; hypopharynx with setalike spicules spaced far apart on dorsolateral surface; antennal base elevated above eye margin in lateral view; antennal stylus composed of two elements (short proximal element and longer distal element with apical setalike sensory element); supraalar (spa) and postalar (pal) setae present; alula of wing reduced in size to small lobe.
description: Published as part of Dikow, Torsten & Grimaldi, David A., 2014, Robber flies in Cretaceous ambers (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-19 in American Museum Novitates 3799 on page 11, DOI: 10.1206/3799.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3990628
Impacts of irrigation management transfer: A review of the evidence.
Creators: name: Vermillion, Douglas Lynn
name: Vermillion, Douglas Lynn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Irrigation management
subject: Irrigation systems
subject: Policy
subject: Privatization
subject: Case studies
subject: Performance evaluation
subject: Irrigated farming
subject: Economic aspects
subject: Financing
subject: Operations
subject: Environmental sustainability

description: Evaluates data from 29 different studies on irrigation management transfer to assess the impacts of transfer on various aspects of irrigation system management. Twelve guiding principles to ensure a more systematic approach to research on the impacts of management transfer are proposed. Identifies key research propositions on the conditions necessary for transfer programs to succeed.
Disminución de los riesgos de seguridad de información
Creators: name: Treviño Ceja, Arnoldo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Proyecto como prerrequisito a derecho examen para la obtención de  la certificación de Especialista Certificado en Ciberseguridad por la Asociación Latinoamericana de Profesionales en Seguridad de Información ALAPSI. AC en conjunto con la Universidad Tecmilnio
Additional file 14 of Pervasive duplication, biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the PP2C family in Glycine max
Creators: name: Fan, Kai
name: Yunrui Chen
name: Zhijun Mao
name: Fang, Yao
name: Zhaowei Li
name: Weiwei Lin
name: Yongqiang Zhang
name: Jianping Liu
name: Jinwen Huang
name: Wenxiong Lin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 14. Structural analysis of GmPP2C in this study.
A Multifactorial Optimization Paradigm for Linkage Tree Genetic Algorithm
Creators: name: Binh, Huynh Thi Thanh
name: Thanh, Pham Dinh
name: Trung, Tran Ba
name: Thanh, Le Cong
name: Phong, Le Minh Hai
name: Swami, Ananthram
name: Lam, Bui Thu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Linkage Tree Genetic Algorithm (LTGA) is an effective Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) to solve complex problems using the linkage information between problem variables. LTGA performs well in various kinds of single-task optimization and yields promising results in comparison with the canonical genetic algorithm. However, LTGA is an unsuitable method for dealing with multi-task optimization problems. On the other hand, Multifactorial Optimization (MFO) can simultaneously solve independent optimization problems, which are encoded in a unified representation to take advantage of the process of knowledge transfer. In this paper, we introduce Multifactorial Linkage Tree Genetic Algorithm (MF-LTGA) by combining the main features of both LTGA and MFO. MF-LTGA is able to tackle multiple optimization tasks at the same time, each task learns the dependency between problem variables from the shared representation. This knowledge serves to determine the high-quality partial solutions for supporting other tasks in exploring the search space. Moreover, MF-LTGA speeds up convergence because of knowledge transfer of relevant problems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on two benchmark problems: Clustered Shortest-Path Tree Problem and Deceptive Trap Function. In comparison to LTGA and existing methods, MF-LTGA outperforms in quality of the solution or in computation time.
Irrigation management transfer in Mexico: A strategy to achieve irrigation district sustainability
Creators: name: Johnson, Sam H.
name: Johnson, Sam H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Irrigation management
subject: Privatization
subject: Participatory management
subject: Agricultural production
subject: Sustainability
subject: Private sector
subject: Public sector
subject: Economic aspects
subject: Water users' associations
subject: Investment
subject: Agricultural policy
subject: Irrigated farming
subject: Water law
subject: User charges
subject: Land ownership
subject: Mexico

description: Describes the process of transfer of irrigation districts in Mexico from public ownership to joint management, where responsibility for irrigation O&M is shared between the public irrigation agency and water user associations. It evaluates the sustainability of transferred systems and discusses needed changes.
Cretagaster raritanensis Dikow & Grimaldi 2014, new species
Creators: name: Dikow, Torsten
name: Grimaldi, David A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae
Cretagaster
Cretagaster raritanensis

description: † Cretagaster raritanensis, new species
Figure 7
ZooBank LSID: 91E3654F-24EC-4432-8865-02 C5F6DC63F2
(http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:91E3654F-24EC-4432-8865-02C5 F6DC63F2).
ETYMOLOGY: The specific name refers to the Raritan Formation of the northeastern United States, from which this species has been recovered.
DESCRTPTION Grimaldi and Cumming (1999): Torax length = 2.63 mm. Head (fig. 7B): large; compound eyes with fairly large, flat, frontal surface, but no differentiation of frontal and lateral ommatidia, bare; vertex not excavated, probably bare; ocellar triangle raised only slightly; compound eyes widely separated frontally, distance between inner margin 0.28 width of head; inner margins with slight emargination just below antennal bases; face with very simple mystax, composed of only 2 stouter, light-colored setae, plus several finer, slightly shorter setae; proboscis of moderate length; hypopharynx with 3 sharp spicules on dorsal surface that are set far apart; maxillary palpus short and bare, two-segmented. Antenna (fig. 7A): pedicel cup shaped, postpedicel drop shaped, stylus two-segmented, short proximal segment (presence difficult to discern) and longer distal segment, tipped with apical “setalike” sensory element.
THORAX (fig. 7A): Pronotum fairly large; 2 fine, stiff supraalar (spa) setae; row of 3 fine, stiff postalar (pal) setae; scutum and scutellum largely bare.
WING (fig. 7A): Alula small, but base of wing folded, obscuring bases of veins M and Cu.
LEGS (fig. 7C): Prothoracic tibia with approximately six stiff, long macrosetae and numerous finer, shorter setae (legs very difficult to observe).
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Unique holotype of unknown sex (AMNH NJ-558) collected by Debra Abernathy at the White Oaks (Old Crossman’s) Clay Pits, Sayreville, New Jersey. The specimen is in a milky amber and only most of the head, thorax, portions of some legs, and the proximal quarter of the wings are preserved.
description: Published as part of Dikow, Torsten & Grimaldi, David A., 2014, Robber flies in Cretaceous ambers (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-19 in American Museum Novitates 3799 on page 11, DOI: 10.1206/3799.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3990628
Associate Higgs and Gauge Boson Production at Hadron Colliders in a Model with Vector Resonances
Creators: name: Zerwekh, Alfonso R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by new models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking that predict a light composite higgs boson, we build an effective lagrangian which describes the Standard Model (with a light Higgs) and vector resonances. We compute the cross section for the associate production of a higgs and a gauge boson. For some values of model parameters we find that the cross section is significantly enhanced with respect to the Standard Model. This enhancement is similar at the LHC and the Tevatron for the same range of resonance mass.
The coronal structure of Speedy Mic - I: A densely packed prominence system beyond co-rotation
Creators: name: Dunstone, N. J.
name: Barnes, J. R.
name: Cameron, A. Collier
name: Jardine, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new observations of the prominence system on the K3 dwarf Speedy Mic (BO Mic, HD 197890). Using an improved technique to track the absorption features in H_alpha we find a very active prominence system with approximately ten prominences on the observable hemisphere per rotation. From a total of 25 prominences we find an average axial distance of 2.85+/-0.54 R_* which is twice the co-rotation radius above the stellar surface. We discuss the consequences of these observations on the nature of the supporting magnetic structures. Two consecutive nights, with complete phase coverage, combined with a further night after a three night gap allow us to study the evolution of the prominence system on two different timescales. Several of the prominences have counterparts at similar phases on consecutive nights. During this interval many prominences show evidence for evolution in their heights and phases of observation. Five nights (13 rotation cycles) later we recover many prominences at approximately the same phases. Whilst individual prominences change axial distances or appear/re-appear from night-to-night the underlying prominence supporting structures appear to be stable over as many as 13 stellar rotations.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, (Higher resolution greyscale images can be found at http://star-www.st-and.ac.uk/~njd2/speedy/index.html)
Reasons for Remitting
Creators: name: Stark, Oded
name: Stark, Oded
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Reasons for remitting

description: This paper presents a set of reflections on what gives rise to remittances, which constitute a major part of the impact of migration on economic development in the migrants’ own countries. The collage of reasons presented serves to illustrate that remittance behavior is the outcome of an intricate interplay between the preferences and interests of migrants and their families.
Inflationary String Theory?
Creators: name: Burgess, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inflationary paradigm provides a robust description of the peculiar initial conditions which are required for the success of the Hot Big Bang model of cosmology, as well as of the recent precision measurements of temperature fluctuations within the cosmic microwave background. Furthermore, the success of this description indicates that inflation is likely to be associated with physics at energies considerably higher than the weak scale, for which string theory is arguably our most promising candidate. These observations strongly motivate a detailed search for inflation within string theory, although it has (so far) proven to be a hunt for a fairly elusive quarry. This article summarizes some of the recent efforts along these lines, and draws some speculative conclusions as to what the difficulty finding inflation might mean.
description: 15 pages, to appear in the proceedings of WHEPP8, IIT Mumbai, India, January 2004
Boys doing art : negotiating masculinities within art curriculum
Creators: name: Imms, Wesley David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A recent stream of gender discussion has focused on a better understanding of the ways in which boys construct their concepts of masculinity, and the role of schools in this process. However, what has largely escaped attention has been the ways that individual subject curricula provide boys with opportunities to develop their concepts of gender. A participant-as-observer ethnography was conducted over one academic year in a single-sex, fee-paying school for boys to examine this issue. Evidence from informal and formal observations and interviews of 40 staff and students was used to document participants' beliefs concerning the structure of masculinity, the provision of opportunities within the school and art curriculum for boys to negotiate their concepts of masculinity, and the role of art curriculum in boys' development of gender identities. Participants' responses created a four-layered model of boys' engagement of masculinity. They allowed the researcher to describe and analyse a complex hierarchy of forms of such engagement that ranged from a superficial level comprising a predictable picture of stereotypes, to an almost inaccessible layer of "individual" masculinities. This final layer, described by boys as separate from their culture and constructed of their personal values and beliefs, owned characteristics similar to those being sought by contemporary gender research. Six barriers that limited boys' access to this final layer were identified in the school. They included the dominance of cultural stereotypes, a lack of a safe forum for the exploration of gender identities and an emphasis on a school curriculum that failed to facilitate expression. Additional barriers were related to the lack of freedom within classrooms, curriculum that generally came short of accommodating boys' unique ways of learning, and very limited opportunities to develop egalitarian relationships. Participants identified the school's art curriculum as "boy-friendly", in that it assisted boys to overcome these barriers. It held personal significance for boys, mandated exploration of "the self, created a safe venue for expression and communication, and provided academic, intellectual and curricula freedom. It "levelled the playing field" between differing types of boys, allowed multiple solutions to problems, offered curriculum that was relevant to boys "real" lives, was non-competitive, and allowed teachers to focus on "the personal" with boys. These findings hold considerable significance for both art education and masculinity research. The study indicates that many boys already own the impetus to explore egalitarian masculinities. However, they require curricular support for this to happen in schools. Research presented in this thesis suggests that a discipline-oriented art curriculum owns epistemological and pedagogical qualities that can make it an exemplar of this type of curriculum.
Additional file 1 of Weight management barriers and facilitators after breast cancer in Australian women: a national survey
Creators: name: Ee, Carolyn
name: Cave, Adele Elizabeth
name: Dhevaksha Naidoo
name: Bilinski, Kellie
name: Boyages, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Evaluating probabilistic classifiers: Reliability diagrams and score decompositions revisited
Creators: name: Dimitriadis, Timo
name: Gneiting, Tilmann
name: Jordan, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A probability forecast or probabilistic classifier is reliable or calibrated if the predicted probabilities are matched by ex post observed frequencies, as examined visually in reliability diagrams. The classical binning and counting approach to plotting reliability diagrams has been hampered by a lack of stability under unavoidable, ad hoc implementation decisions. Here we introduce the CORP approach, which generates provably statistically Consistent, Optimally binned, and Reproducible reliability diagrams in an automated way. CORP is based on non-parametric isotonic regression and implemented via the Pool-adjacent-violators (PAV) algorithm - essentially, the CORP reliability diagram shows the graph of the PAV- (re)calibrated forecast probabilities. The CORP approach allows for uncertainty quantification via either resampling techniques or asymptotic theory, furnishes a new numerical measure of miscalibration, and provides a CORP based Brier score decomposition that generalizes to any proper scoring rule. We anticipate that judicious uses of the PAV algorithm yield improved tools for diagnostics and inference for a very wide range of statistical and machine learning methods.
Rural Housing: Progress and Problems
Creators: name: Bird, Ronald
name: Kampe, Ronald E.
name: Bird, Ronald
name: Kampe, Ronald E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Excerpts from the article: In 1949, over 35 percent of the housing in the United States was substandard. Such housing failed to protect against the elements and constituted a hazard to health, safety, and welfare. Conditions were much worse in rural America where 59 percent of the occupied housing was substandard. What has been accomplished since 1949? What is the current housing situation and is more effort needed? Answers to these questions are documented in a USDA research report, Agriculture Economic Report No. 373, 25 Years of Housing Progress in Rural America (1977). The report shows that housing conditions improved dramatically from 1950 to 1975, especially in rural areas.
Rural Families Pay More for Housing Credit
Creators: name: Spurlock, Hughes
name: Spurlock, Hughes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978

description: Excerpt from the article: Housing credit conditions continue to be less favorable in rural than in urban areas. Interest rates are higher, repayment periods are shorter, sizes of loans are smaller, and the ratio of purchase price to income is more conservative. Such conditions help account for the higher incidence of substandard housing in rural America.
The Mystery of Two Straight Lines in Bacterial Genome Statistics. Release 2007
Creators: name: Gorban, A. N.
name: Zinovyev, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In special coordinates (codon position--specific nucleotide frequencies) bacterial genomes form two straight lines in 9-dimensional space: one line for eubacterial genomes, another for archaeal genomes. All the 348 distinct bacterial genomes available in Genbank in April 2007, belong to these lines with high accuracy. The main challenge now is to explain the observed high accuracy. The new phenomenon of complementary symmetry for codon position--specific nucleotide frequencies is observed. The results of analysis of several codon usage models are presented. We demonstrate that the mean--field approximation, which is also known as context--free, or complete independence model, or Segre variety, can serve as a reasonable approximation to the real codon usage. The first two principal components of codon usage correlate strongly with genomic G+C content and the optimal growth temperature respectively. The variation of codon usage along the third component is related to the curvature of the mean-field approximation. First three eigenvalues in codon usage PCA explain 59.1%, 7.8% and 4.7% of variation. The eubacterial and archaeal genomes codon usage is clearly distributed along two third order curves with genomic G+C content as a parameter.
description: Significantly extended version with new data for all the 348 distinct bacterial genomes available in Genbank in April 2007
Atmospheric convection plays a key role in the climate of tidally-locked terrestrial exoplanets: insights from high-resolution simulations
Creators: name: Sergeev, Denis E.
name: Lambert, F. Hugo
name: Mayne, Nathan J.
name: Boutle, Ian A.
name: Manners, James
name: Kohary, Krisztian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a 3D general circulation model (GCM), we investigate the sensitivity of the climate of tidally-locked Earth-like exoplanets, Trappist-1e and Proxima Centauri b, to the choice of a convection parameterization. Compared to a mass-flux convection parameterization, a simplified convection adjustment parameterization leads to a $>$60% decrease of the cloud albedo, increasing the mean day-side temperature by $\approx$10 K. The representation of convection also affects the atmospheric conditions of the night side, via a change in planetary-scale wave patterns. As a result, using the convection adjustment scheme makes the night-side cold traps warmer by 17-36 K for the planets in our simulations. The day-night thermal contrast is sensitive to the representation of convection in 3D GCM simulations, so caution should be taken when interpreting emission phase curves. The choice of convection treatment, however, does not alter the simulated climate enough to result in a departure from habitable conditions, at least for the atmospheric composition and planetary parameters used in our study. The near-surface conditions both in the Trappist-1e and Proxima b cases remain temperate, allowing for an active water cycle. We further advance our analysis using high-resolution model experiments, in which atmospheric convection is simulated explicitly. Our results suggest that in a hypothetical global convection-permitting simulation the surface temperature contrast would be higher than in the coarse-resolution simulations with parameterized convection. In other words, models with parameterized convection may overestimate the inter-hemispheric heat redistribution efficiency.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables. Accepted to ApJ
Populism In Pictures_A Qualitative Study_Interpretation of pictures posted on Instagram by far-right-wing politicians through the eyes of the people on the platform.pdf
Creators: name: Klimecká, Natálie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 350604
subject: Marketing communications

description: As populism builds on the idea of being close to the people, political leaders on social media can create a direct bond with their audiences. Instagram specifically allows presenting an image of their personality and building relationships through visuals. “The politicians” can share their ideologies with information in the visual form using a more subtle way to influence attitudes of “the people” on the platform. How do people on Instagram interpret pictures involving populist traits shared by far-right-wing politicians? Is there a way to be impartial when interpreting visual information? Pictures used in this thesis are identified on an Instagram feed of a far-right-wing politician under the lens of a populist performance by Casullo. By presenting them to the people in semi-structured interviews, the findings have shown that exposure to the visual information led to an over-evaluation of these pictures, finding populist rhetoric. Furthermore, individuals read different meanings behind these pictures. In addition, the perspective on the pictures led to an insight into the persuasion of the interviewees and assumptions created about the supporters of the leader present in the pictures
Critical strength of attractive central potentials
Creators: name: Brau, Fabian
name: Lassaut, Monique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain several sequences of necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of bound states applicable to attractive (purely negative) central potentials. These conditions yields several sequences of upper and lower limits on the critical value, $g_{\rm{c}}^{(\ell)}$, of the coupling constant (strength), $g$, of the potential, $V(r)=-g v(r)$, for which a first $\ell$-wave bound state appears, which converges to the exact critical value.
description: 18 pages
Subsistence and Semi-subsistence Farming in Selected EU New Member States
Creators: name: Davidova, Sophia
name: Fredriksson, Lena
name: Bailey, Alastair
name: Davidova, Sophia
name: Fredriksson, Lena
name: Bailey, Alastair
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: agricultural households
subject: subsistence
subject: commercialisation
subject: incomes
subject: cluster analysis
subject: stepwise regression

description: Factor and cluster analysis are used to analyse the attitudes and perceptions of agricultural households in five EU New Member States towards farming, commercialisation, and barriers to and drivers for an increased integration in agricultural markets. The contribution of unsold output to the total household income is valued. A stepwise linear regression is employed to detect important variables explaining the degree of agricultural market integration of farm households. The analysis indicates that subsistence farming is of utmost importance for the rural poor, and particularly in Bulgaria and Romania. The proportion of consumption from own production, manual cultivation techniques and distance to an urban centre negatively affect output sales. Rural development policies targeted at rural physical and market infrastructure might relieve some of these constraints.
Additional file 10 of Pervasive duplication, biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the PP2C family in Glycine max
Creators: name: Fan, Kai
name: Yunrui Chen
name: Zhijun Mao
name: Fang, Yao
name: Zhaowei Li
name: Weiwei Lin
name: Yongqiang Zhang
name: Jianping Liu
name: Jinwen Huang
name: Wenxiong Lin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 10. Locations of the conserved PP2C domain in GmPP2Cs, VvPP2Cs, AtPP2Cs, AtrPP2Cs and NcPP2Cs.
Reforms, Globalization, and Endogenous Agricultural Structures
Creators: name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: In this paper I draw lessons from two quasi-natural experiments (the transition process in former Communist countries and the rapid globalization of food chains) on the optimality of farms and agricultural structures more generally. I argue that (a) the farm structures that have emerged from the transition process are much more diverse than expected ex ante; (b) this diversity is to an important extent determined by economic mechanisms which are influenced by initial conditions (eg technology) and reform policies; (c) non-traditional farm structures have played an important role during transition since they were optimal to address the specific institutional and structural constraints imposed by the transition process; (d) there is more diversity than often argued in the farms that are integrated in global food chains; (e) endogenous institutional (contracting) innovations in food chains may lock existing farm structures in a long-run institutional framework; and (f) indicators based on farm structures are not a good measure of welfare effects of the globalization of food chains.
The Deepest Supernova Search is Realized in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey
Creators: name: Strolger, Louis-Gregory
name: Riess, Adam G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey has not only provided the deepest optical and near infrared views of universe, but has enabled a search for the most distant supernovae to z~2.2. We have found four supernovae by searching spans of integrations of the Ultra Deep Field and the Ultra Deep Field Parallels taken with the Hubble Space Telescope paired with the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Near Infrared Multi Object Spectrometer. Interestingly, none of these supernovae were at z>1.4, despite the substantially increased sensitivity per unit area to such objects over the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. We present the optical photometric data for the four supernovae. We also show that the low frequency of Type Ia supernovae observed at z>1.4 is statistically consistent with current estimates of the global star formation history combined with the non-trivial assembly time of SN Ia progenitors.
description: 24 pages (6 figures), submitted to the Astronomical Journal
Additional file 11 of Pervasive duplication, biased molecular evolution and comprehensive functional analysis of the PP2C family in Glycine max
Creators: name: Fan, Kai
name: Yunrui Chen
name: Zhijun Mao
name: Fang, Yao
name: Zhaowei Li
name: Weiwei Lin
name: Yongqiang Zhang
name: Jianping Liu
name: Jinwen Huang
name: Wenxiong Lin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 11. Motif information of GmPP2Cs through the MEME tool.
Vier geistliche Gedichte in syrischer und neusyrischer Sprache
Creators: name: Vandenhoff, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 8 (1908): Oriens christianus, Band 8
An Equilibrium Displacement Model of the Australian Sheep and Wool Industries
Creators: name: Mounter, Stuart W.
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Piggott, Roley R.
name: Fleming, Euan M.
name: Zhao, Xueyan
name: Mounter, Stuart W.
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Piggott, Roley R.
name: Fleming, Euan M.
name: Zhao, Xueyan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: wool
subject: sheep meat
subject: research and development
subject: economic
subject: evaluation
subject: Australia

description: This report documents the specification of an equilibrium displacement model (EDM) of the Australian sheep and wool industries. The model is capable of estimating and comparing the potential benefits from R&D and generic promotion investments, and other policy changes, in the different sectors and markets of the Australian sheep and wool industries. Inclusive in the model are the multiple components of the Australian sheep and wool industries to account for cross-product interactions not considered in most previous studies. A high degree of industry disaggregation within the model enables estimation of the distribution of the potential benefits among the various industry sectors and across different regional environments. A number of hypothetical R&D and promotion investment scenarios were modelled as 1 per cent exogenous parallel shifts in the relevant market demand or supply curves, although only two scenarios are reported here. Changes in economic surplus were calculated as measures of welfare changes in each of the various industry sectors. In summary, the results from the simulations suggest sheep and wool producers’ gain more from on-farm research than off-farm research; export promotion than domestic promotion; and export promotion than most other R&D scenarios. Domestic consumers gain more from lamb R&D than from promotion, while they gain very little from promotion of wool in the export market. Although needing numerous prices and quantities as inputs, the model is not overtaxing on data requirements, as are econometric models. It can be updated with relative ease, as most of the necessary price and quantity data are readily available from government departments and industry organisations. The model is useful in both ex ante evaluations, as a means of assisting decisions of priority setting and resource allocations, and in ex post evaluations of actual investments or policy impacts. The inclusion of the multiple sheep and wool industry components enhances the accuracy of economic analysis, making the model a valuable tool to assist in industry policy and decision-making.