Oedignatha Thorell
Creators: name: Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2001
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Corinnidae
Oedignatha

description: Genus <i>Oedignatha</i> Thorell <i>Oedignatha Thorell.</i> 1881. Type species: 0. <i>scrobiculata</i> Thorell, 1881: 209, no figures, &amp;female;, Penang. <i>Aepygnatha</i> Thorell 1897. Type species: <i>A. ferox.</i> <i>Described species</i>.— <i>Oedignatha scrobiculata</i> Thorell. 1881, <i>&amp;male;</i> &amp;female;, Penang; <i>O</i>. <i>radiata</i> Thorell, 1881, &amp;female;. New Guinea (this latter species is moved to <i>Koppe</i> because of the undulating carapace, the type has been described without abdomen); <i>O</i>. <i>sima</i> Simon, 1886, <i>&amp;male;</i>, Thailand (figs in Simon. 1897 HNA: 188); <i>O</i>. <i>bucculenta</i> Thorell, 1897, &amp;female;, Myanmar (Burma); <i>O.ferox</i> (Thorell, 1897),juvenile, Myanmar (Burma); <i>O</i>. <i>rugulosa</i> Thorell, 1897, &amp;female;. Myanmar (Burma); <i>O</i>. <i>procerula</i> Simon. 1897, <i>&amp;male;</i>, India; <i>O</i>. <i>albofasciata</i> Strand, 1907, <i>&amp;male;</i>, India; <i>O</i>. <i>carli</i> Reimoser, 1934, <i>&amp;male;</i>, S India; <i>O</i>. <i>uncata</i> Reimoser, 1934, <i>&amp;male;</i>, S India; <i>O</i>. <i>t ricuspidata</i> Reimoser, 1934. <i>&amp;male;</i>, S India; <i>O</i>. <i>microscutata</i> Reimoser, 1934, &amp;female;, S India; <i>O</i>. <i>dentifera</i> Reimoser, 1934. <i>&amp;male;</i>. S India; <i>O</i>. <i>escheri</i> Reimoser, 1934, &amp;female;, S India; <i>O</i>. <i>lesserti</i> Reimoser, 1934, &amp;female;, S India; <i>O</i>. <i>canaca</i> Berland, 1938: 139, <i>&amp;male;</i> &amp;female;, New Hebrides; <i>O</i>. <i>mogamoga</i> Marples 1955, <i>&amp;male;</i>, Samoa; <i>O</i>. <i>poonaensis</i> Majunder and Tikader, 1991, &amp;female;, India; <i>O</i>. <i>binoyii</i> Reddy and Patel, 1993, <i>&amp;male;</i> &amp;female;, India; <i>O</i>. <i>indica</i> Reddy and Patel, 1993, <i>&amp;male;</i> &amp;female;, India; <i>O</i>. <i>platnicki</i> Song and Zhu, 1998, <i>&amp;male;</i>. Hong Kong; <i>O</i>. <i>jocquei</i> sp. <i>n</i>., <i>&amp;male;</i> &amp;female;, Thailand, this volume; <i>O</i>. <i>barbata</i> sp. n., <i>&amp;male;</i> &amp;female;, Thailand. this volume; <i>O</i>. <i>spadix,</i> sp. <i>n</i>. <i>&amp;male;</i> &amp;female;. E Indonesia, this volume and many species from Sri Lanka described by Simon. The specimens described as <i>O</i>. <i>decorata</i> Simon. 1897. female. Philippines. are identical with &amp;female; of <i>O</i>. <i>scro biculata.</i> In Sri Lanka the genus is abundant: Simon (1896a, 1897, descibed the following species from that island: <i>O</i>. <i>major</i> Simon. 1896a. &amp;female;, 10 mm. Nuwara Elyia; <i>O</i>. <i>bicolor</i> Simon. 1896a. &amp;female;. 5 mm. Nuara Elyia: <i>O</i>. <i>gulosa</i> Simon, 1897. &amp;female;, 6 mm. Maturata; <i>O</i>. <i>affinis</i> Simon 1897. &amp;female;, Maturata; <i>O</i>. <i>retusa</i> Simon, 1897, <i>&amp;male;</i> &amp;female;, 7-8 mm, Kandy; <i>O</i>. <i>striata</i> Simon. 1897, &amp;female;, 31/ 2-4 mm, Galle; <i>O</i>. <i>coriacea</i> Simon, 1897, &amp;female;. 3 mm. Kandy; <i>O. flavipes</i> Simon, 1897. &amp;female;, 31/ 2 mm. Kandy; <i>O</i>. <i>montigena.</i> Simon, 1897, &amp;female;, 31/ 2 mm, Maturata. <i>Species described in other genera</i>.— <i>Corinna proboscidea</i> Strand 1913, &amp;female;, Sri Lanka, Kandy may be identical with one of the <i>Oedignatha</i> species described by Simon from the island; the female holotype (but not the male paratype) of <i>Castianeira indica</i> Tikader, 1981 from India belongs <i>in Oedignatha. Amaurobius andamanensis Tikader, 1977</i>, <i>&amp;male;</i> &amp;female;. from the Andaman islands is a <i>Oedignatha.</i> related to <i>O</i>. <i>spadix.</i> <i>Unidentified specimens</i> (map 20): Loc. 1: N Thailand, Doi Inthanon, 2000m. 1 jv. 2.i.1981, Deharveng, unidentifiable, abdomen without pattern. Loc. 2: prope <i>O. jocquei,</i> W Thailand, 2 &amp;female;, Sai Yok, 100 m, 27.vii.1987, P. Schwendinger, MHNG. Loc. a (not on map): Nepal. Modi Khola below bamboo Lodge. 2400-2600 m, 4.10.1987, 1 <i>&amp;male;</i>, 1 <i>&amp;female;,</i> P. <i>Beron</i> (<i>NMNHS</i>). <i>Old material studied</i>.— The type of <i>O</i>. <i>scrobiculata</i> was not available in the collection in Genoa; <i>O</i>. <i>bucculenta</i> Thorell, &amp;female;, <i>O</i>. <i>rigulosa</i> Thorell, &amp;female;, and <i>O</i>. <i>ferox</i> Thorell. immature (all MCSNG), each of these three species have massive chelicerae. suitable for digging (see behaviour, <i>retusa); O. <i>decorata. &amp;male;</i> &amp;female;, Manila, Antipolo, Coll. Simon 13748), Paris.</i> <i>Fresh material studied</i>.— Apart from the material described below. <i>O</i>. <i>retusa</i> Simon and related species from Sri Lanka. <i>Diagnosis</i>.— Distinguished from all other corinnids by the presence of a brush of dark hair close to the median base of the PL spinnerets in both sexes. A further distinguishing character is the conical hump on the clypeus in front of AME. The massive chelicerae are geniculate anteriorly, in side view almost as high as long and with a spine or stiff seta medially on the frontal surface; such a seta is shared with <i>Koppe. Oedignatha</i> is distinct from <i>Koppe</i> by the deep chestnut brown to black, granulated or pitted carapace surface without pattern. The first femur bears a strong prolateral spine. The palpal embolus is thread-like, the base widened " embolar plate") and there is a chitinized conductor and a small lanceolate membranous tegular apophysis. In the epigyne. a posterior window is present in most species, (not in 0. <i>scrobiculata),</i> in or adjacent to which are the spermstorage organs. composed of an anterior, relatively thin-walled part (bursa) and a <b>posterior</b>, thick-walled part (spermatheca); ducts short or absent. <i>Description.</i> — Medium-sized (4-8 mm) species, thoracic groove distinct. Both eye rows procurvcd, eyes equally spaced, head not much wider than carapace, convex, AME often the largest. Clypeus with a rebordered, rounded or angular projection in the middle replacing the chilum (fig. 351). Chelicerae with 2-3 strong teeth on the promargin and a row of 5-8 smaller on the retromargin. Anterior tibiae and metatarsi with pairs of ventral spines. A flat round intercoxal disc between coxae I and II and one between II and III. Retrocoxal window present (checked in <i>scrobiculata</i> and <i>mogamoga).</i> Femora with I or more spines, anterior tibiae and metatarsi with 3-8 pairs of ventral spines, posterior legs with some spines. Palpal femur in both sexes with a row of equally spaced ventral spines or setae. Tarsi with claw tufts. those on anterior legs less dense than in posterior legs; claws with 6-8 ventral teeth in anterior legs. 4 of diminishing size in the posterior legs. Abdomen with dorsal scutum in both sexes, and ventral epigastric and postgenital scutum in males, epigastric scutum in females. PM spinnerets in female triangular in diameter, with truncate tip bearing 2 or 3 relatively small cylindrical gland spigots which are difficult to see. In males, posterior spinnerets reduced in size and flattened, with pointed tip and only bearing small aciniform gland spigots, which cannot easily be seen with a stereomicroscope. Male palp with I or more tibial apophyses. accommodated in adjacent “pocket" on cymbium; conductor well sclerotized. membranous tegular apophysis, if present, aligned with conductor; filiform embolus arising proximally-prolaterally from broad base, curving in half circle or less around tegulum, clockwise in left palp. Epigyne with membranous area ("window”), in which copulatory openings, adjacent to anterior border of epigastric fold. Vulva heavily sclerotized, compact, openings anterorly or laterally in window, ducts short or non-existent, sperm-storing organ compartimented, anterior part lighter and thinner-walled than posterior part, the former corresponding to bursae as defined in other groups. the posterior corresponding with spermathecae; cavity of spermatheca-bursa compact, round and simple in <i>scrobiculata.</i> On either side a pit on surface of tegument, apparently unconnected with vulva, but continuous with a small tubular projection on inner side which serves as apodeme (figs 364, 369, 374). <i>Habitat.</i> — Leaf litter in secondary forests; in holes in the earth. In the southern Himalayas an <i>Oedignatha</i> species was found at 2600 m altitude. <i>Behaviour</i>.— <i>Oedignatha retusa</i> Simon, one of the Sri Lankan species having very massive chelicerae lives in burrows dug in vertical earthen walls. The species described below all were found on flat ground in leaf litter. <i>Oedignatha</i> species are tolerant towards other, congeneric species: on several occasions two similar sized species were found in mixed colonies. <i>Distribution.</i> — Oriental region, from the Seychelles and Sri Lanka to the Philippines, eastward to New Guinea and Samoa. A recorded species from Brazil probably represents either an introduced species or a misidentification. <i>Taxonomic remark</i>.— <i>Oedignatha scrobiculata</i> and <i>O. mogamoga</i> occur syntopically over a wide range; both species have similar spots on the abdomen and can be distinguished only by genital organs. The type of <i>O.scrobiculata</i> first was described in 1881. This preliminary description was based on a female with abolished abdomen (Thorell 1890: 349) rom Penang and no mention was made of the characteristic markings on the abdomen. Abdominal light markings are mentioned in the emended description by the same author in 1890 after another female specimen with unknown provenance. presumably Java. In absence of the type. which of these two matches the original female that stood model for <i>scrobiculata?</i> Thorell's original as well as his emended description apply to both species. However, the epigyne in Thorell's 1890 emended description is recorded as “maculas duas parvas distinctissimas nigras ad marginem...”. which description applies best to the species described below as <i>scrobiculata.</i>
description: Published as part of <i>Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa, 2001, Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanteriidae)., pp. 261-276 in Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders- Family Liocranidae (Oedignatha), Leiden, Netherlands :Brill Leiden; Boston; Köln</i> on pages 261-264, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2600448