cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evolution of a Web-Scale Near Duplicate Image Detection System
Creators: name: Gusev, Andrey
name: Xu, Jiajing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detecting near duplicate images is fundamental to the content ecosystem of photo sharing web applications. However, such a task is challenging when involving a web-scale image corpus containing billions of images. In this paper, we present an efficient system for detecting near duplicate images across 8 billion images. Our system consists of three stages: candidate generation, candidate selection, and clustering. We also demonstrate that this system can be used to greatly improve the quality of recommendations and search results across a number of real-world applications. In addition, we include the evolution of the system over the course of six years, bringing out experiences and lessons on how new systems are designed to accommodate organic content growth as well as the latest technology. Finally, we are releasing a human-labeled dataset of ~53,000 pairs of images introduced in this paper.
ПРАВОВЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ГЕННО-ИНЖЕНЕРНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ
Creators: name: Бессараб Н.С.
Publisher: name: Право и управление
Year: 2022
Subjects: право
генная инженерия
наука
проблемы
клонирование
мораль.

description: Статья посвящена правовым проблемам регулирования генно-инженерной деятельности. Дана правовая характеристика такой деятельности, описана история развития как генно-инженерной науки, так и законодательства ее регулирующего. В статье приводятся причины возникших, в результате деятельности ученых, этических и юридических проблем, и путей их решения правовыми способами.
Groupoid and algebra of the infinite quantum spin chain
Creators: name: Ciaglia, Florio Maria
name: Di Cosmo, Fabio
name: Facchi, Paolo
name: Ibort, Alberto
name: Konderak, Arturo
name: Marmo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that certain features of a quantum theory cannot be described in the standard picture on a Hilbert space. In particular, this happens when we try to formally frame a quantum field theory, or a thermodynamic system with finite density. This forces us to introduce different types of algebras, more general than the ones we usually encounter in a standard course of quantum mechanics. We show how these algebras naturally arise in the Schwinger description of the quantum mechanics of an infinite spin chain. In particular, we use the machinery of Dirac-Feynman-Schwinger (DFS) states developed in recent works to introduce a dynamics based on the modular theory by Tomita-Takesaki, and consequently we apply this approach to describe the Ising model.
description: 42 pages, 1 figure
ПРАВОТВОРЧЕСТВО КОНСТИТУЦИОННОГО СУДА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В СФЕРЕ СУБСИДИАРНОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ КОНТРОЛИРУЮЩИХ ЛИЦ
Creators: name: Петухов С.В.
Publisher: name: Право и управление
Year: 2022
Subjects: субсидиарная ответственность контролирующих лиц
Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации
правотворчество
позитивный законодатель
судебная практика
защита прав кредиторов.

description: Субсидиарная ответственность контролирующих лиц в настоящее время является неотъемлемым инструментом защиты прав кредиторов. Множество проблем как в законодательстве, так и на уровне правоприменения предопределяют необходимость исследования правотворчества Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации в рассматриваемой сфере. Вступившие в силу в декабре 2022 года изменения, принятые во исполнение правовой позиции Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации, выраженной в Постановлении от 16.11.2021 № 49-П, подчеркивают значимость высшего судебного органа конституционного контроля в обеспечении баланса между кредиторами и должниками. Рассмотренные в статье примеры деятельности Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации как с позиции «негативного правотворчества», так и с точки зрения «позитивного законодателя» демонстрируют приоритетность выявления конституционно-правового смысла регулирования субсидиарной ответственности контролирующих лиц. В статье обращено внимание на взаимосвязь принимаемых законов с их первоначальным обоснованием, а также сделан вывод о недопустимости изменения законодательства под предлогом исполнения Постановления Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации в части никак не связанной с обозначенными в решении проблемами.
Genome-wide analyses implicate 33 loci in heritable dog osteosarcoma, including regulatory variants near CDKN2A/B
Creators: name: Ricketts, Sally L
name: Tonomura, Noriko
name: Swofford, Ross
name: Couto, Guillermo
name: von Euler, Henrik
name: Biagi, Tara
name: London, Cheryl A
name: Wright, Jason
name: Karlsson, Elinor K
name: Youell, Lisa
name: Perloski, Michele
name: Fryc, Sarah
name: Starkey, Mike P
name: Anderson, Nathan
name: Sigurdsson, Snaevar
name: Breen, Matthew
name: Mandlebaum, Sarah
name: Kisseberth, William C
name: Thomas, Rachael
name: Howald, Cedric
name: Modiano, Jaime F
name: Lander, Eric S
name: Elvers, Ingegerd
name: Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin
name: Courtay-Cahen, Celine
name: Ivansson, Emma
name: Comstock, Kenine
name: Rivera, Patricio
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: BackgroundCanine osteosarcoma is clinically nearly identical to the human disease, but is common and highly heritable, making genetic dissection feasible.ResultsThrough genome-wide association analyses in three breeds (greyhounds, Rottweilers, and Irish wolfhounds), we identify 33 inherited risk loci explaining 55% to 85% of phenotype variance in each breed. The greyhound locus exhibiting the strongest association, located 150 kilobases upstream of the genes CDKN2A/B, is also the most rearranged locus in canine osteosarcoma tumors. The top germline candidate variant is found at a >90% frequency in Rottweilers and Irish wolfhounds, and alters an evolutionarily constrained element that we show has strong enhancer activity in human osteosarcoma cells. In all three breeds, osteosarcoma-associated loci and regions of reduced heterozygosity are enriched for genes in pathways connected to bone differentiation and growth. Several pathways, including one of genes regulated by miR124, are also enriched for somatic copy-number changes in tumors.ConclusionsMapping a complex cancer in multiple dog breeds reveals a polygenic spectrum of germline risk factors pointing to specific pathways as drivers of disease.
Holography of Little Inflation
Creators: name: McInnes, Brett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For several crucial microseconds of its early history, the Universe consisted of a Quark-Gluon Plasma. As it cooled during this era, it traced out a trajectory in the quark matter phase diagram. The form taken by this trajectory is not known with certainty, but is of great importance: it determines, for example, whether the cosmic plasma passed through a first-order phase change during the transition to the hadron era, as has recently been suggested by advocates of the "Little Inflation" model. Just before this transition, the plasma was strongly coupled and therefore can be studied by holographic techniques. We show that holography imposes a strong constraint (taking the form of a bound on the baryonic chemical potential relative to the temperature) on the domain through which the cosmic plasma could pass as it cooled, with important consequences for Little Inflation. In fact, we find that holography applied to Little Inflation implies that the cosmic plasma must have passed quite close to the quark matter critical point, and might therefore have been affected by the associated fluctuation phenomena.
description: Expanded explanation of the way holography can be applied to FRW spacetimes; 19 pages, one figure; version to appear in Nuclear Physics B
Transcriptomic classification of genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer identifies human subtype counterparts
Creators: name: Usary, Jerry
name: Pfefferle, Adam D
name: Spike, Benjamin T
name: Harrell, Joshua
name: Rosen, Jeffrey M
name: Torres-Arzayus, Maria I
name: Adams, Jessica R
name: Herschkowitz, Jason I
name: Brown, Myles
name: Egan, Sean E
name: Perou, Charles M
name: Wahl, Geoffrey M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: BackgroundHuman breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease consisting of multiple molecular subtypes. Genetically engineered mouse models are a useful resource for studying mammary cancers in vivo under genetically controlled and immune competent conditions. Identifying murine models with conserved human tumor features will facilitate etiology determinations, highlight the effects of mutations on pathway activation, and should improve preclinical drug testing.ResultsTranscriptomic profiles of 27 murine models of mammary carcinoma and normal mammary tissue were determined using gene expression microarrays. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified 17 distinct murine subtypes. Cross-species analyses using three independent human breast cancer datasets identified eight murine classes that resemble specific human breast cancer subtypes. Multiple models were associated with human basal-like tumors including TgC3(1)-Tag, TgWAP-Myc and Trp53-/-. Interestingly, the TgWAPCre-Etv6 model mimicked the HER2-enriched subtype, a group of human tumors without a murine counterpart in previous comparative studies. Gene signature analysis identified hundreds of commonly expressed pathway signatures between linked mouse and human subtypes, highlighting potentially common genetic drivers of tumorigenesis.ConclusionsThis study of murine models of breast carcinoma encompasses the largest comprehensive genomic dataset to date to identify human-to-mouse disease subtype counterparts. Our approach illustrates the value of comparisons between species to identify murine models that faithfully mimic the human condition and indicates that multiple genetically engineered mouse models are needed to represent the diversity of human breast cancers. The reported trans-species associations should guide model selection during preclinical study design to ensure appropriate representatives of human disease subtypes are used.
Rethinking Personalized Ranking at Pinterest: An End-to-End Approach
Creators: name: Xu, Jiajing
name: Zhai, Andrew
name: Rosenberg, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we present our journey to revolutionize the personalized recommendation engine through end-to-end learning from raw user actions. We encode user's long-term interest in Pinner- Former, a user embedding optimized for long-term future actions via a new dense all-action loss, and capture user's short-term intention by directly learning from the real-time action sequences. We conducted both offline and online experiments to validate the performance of the new model architecture, and also address the challenge of serving such a complex model using mixed CPU/GPU setup in production. The proposed system has been deployed in production at Pinterest and has delivered significant online gains across organic and Ads applications.
Sentiment Overflow in the Testing Stack: Analysing Software Testing Posts on Stack Overflow
Creators: name: Swillus, Mark
name: Zaidman, Andy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software testing is an integral part of modern software engineering practice. Past research has not only underlined its significance, but also revealed its multi-faceted nature. The practice of software testing and its adoption is influenced by many factors that go beyond tools or technology. This paper sets out to investigate the context of software testing from the practitioners' point of view by mining and analyzing sentimental posts on the widely used question and answer website Stack Overflow. By qualitatively analyzing sentimental expressions of practitioners, which we extract from the Stack Overflow dataset using sentiment analysis tools, we discern factors that help us to better understand the lived experience of software engineers with regards to software testing. Grounded in the data that we have analyzed, we argue that sentiments like insecurity, despair and aspiration, have an impact on practitioners' attitude towards testing. We suggest that they are connected to concrete factors like the level of complexity of projects in which software testing is practiced.
description: 42 pages, 8 figures, preprint submitted to JSS (Elsevier)
Coexistence of stable and unstable population dynamics in a nonlinear non-Hermitian mechanical dimer
Creators: name: Martello, Enrico
name: Singhal, Yaashnaa
name: Gadway, Bryce
name: Ozawa, Tomoki
name: Price, Hannah M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Hermitian two-site ``dimers'' serve as minimal models in which to explore the interplay of gain and loss in dynamical systems. In this paper, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the dynamics of non-Hermitian dimer models with non-reciprocal hoppings between the two sites. We investigate two types of non-Hermitian couplings; one is when asymmetric hoppings are externally introduced, and the other is when the non-reciprocal hoppings depend on the population imbalance between the two sites, thus introducing the non-Hermiticity in a dynamical manner. We engineer the models in our synthetic mechanical set-up comprised of two classical harmonic oscillators coupled by measurement-based feedback. For fixed non-reciprocal hoppings, we observe that, when the strength of these hoppings is increased, there is an expected transition from a $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric regime, where oscillations in the population are stable and bounded, to a $\mathcal{PT}$-broken regime, where the oscillations are unstable and the population grows/decays exponentially. However, when the non-Hermiticity is dynamically introduced, we also find a third intermediate regime in which these two behaviors coexist, meaning that we can tune from stable to unstable population dynamics by simply changing the initial phase difference between the two sites. As we explain, this behavior can be understood by theoretically exploring the emergent fixed points of a related dimer model in which the non-reciprocal hoppings depends on the normalized population imbalance. Our study opens the way for the future exploration of non-Hermitian dynamics and exotic lattice models in synthetic mechanical networks.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures -- added references
Genome-wide analysis links emerin to neuromuscular junction activity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Creators: name: Ayuso, Cristina
name: Lieb, Jason D
name: Íñiguez, María
name: Cabello, Juan
name: de Luis, Alberto
name: Ikegami, Kohta
name: Askjaer, Peter
name: González-Aguilera, Cristina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundLaminopathies are diseases characterized by defects in nuclear envelope structure. A well-known example is Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, which is caused by mutations in the human lamin A/C and emerin genes. While most nuclear envelope proteins are ubiquitously expressed, laminopathies often affect only a subset of tissues. The molecular mechanisms underlying these tissue-specific manifestations remain elusive. We hypothesize that different functional subclasses of genes might be differentially affected by defects in specific nuclear envelope components.ResultsHere we determine genome-wide DNA association profiles of two nuclear envelope components, lamin/LMN-1 and emerin/EMR-1 in adult Caenorhabditis elegans. Although both proteins bind to transcriptionally inactive regions of the genome, EMR-1 is enriched at genes involved in muscle and neuronal function. Deletion of either EMR-1 or LEM-2, another integral envelope protein, causes local changes in nuclear architecture as evidenced by altered association between DNA and LMN-1. Transcriptome analyses reveal that EMR-1 and LEM-2 are associated with gene repression, particularly of genes implicated in muscle and nervous system function. We demonstrate that emr-1, but not lem-2, mutants are sensitive to the cholinesterase inhibitor aldicarb, indicating altered activity at neuromuscular junctions.ConclusionsWe identify a class of elements that bind EMR-1 but do not associate with LMN-1, and these are enriched for muscle and neuronal genes. Our data support a redundant function of EMR-1 and LEM-2 in chromatin anchoring to the nuclear envelope and gene repression. We demonstrate a specific role of EMR-1 in neuromuscular junction activity that may contribute to Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy in humans.
Equivalence between two charged black holes in dynamics of orbits outside the event horizons
Creators: name: Zhang, Hongxing
name: Zhou, Naying
name: Liu, Wenfang
name: Wu, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the FermiDirac distribution function, Balart and Vagenas gave a charged spherically symmetric regular black hole, which is a solution of Einstein field equations coupled to a nonlinear electrodynamics. In fact, the regular black hole is a Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) black hole when a metric function is given a Taylor expansion to first order approximations. It does not have a curvature singularity at the origin,but the RN black hole does. Both black hole metrics have horizons and similar asymptotic behaviors, and satisfy the weak energy conditions everywhere. They are almost the same in photon effective potentials, photon circular orbits and photon spheres outside the event horizons. There are relatively minor differences between effective potentials, stable circular orbits and innermost stable circular orbits of charged particles outside the event horizons of the two black holes immersed in external magnetic fields. Although the twomagnetized black holes allow different construction methods of explicit symplectic integrators, they exhibit approximately consistent results in the regular and chaotic dynamics of charged particles outside the event horizons. Chaos gets strong as the magnetic field parameter or the magnitude of negative Coulomb parameter increases, but becomes weak when the black hole charge or the positive Coulomb parameter increases. A variation of dynamical properties is not sensitive dependence on an appropriate increase of the black hole charge. The basic equivalence between the two black hole gravitational systems in the dynamics of orbits outside the event horizons is due to the two metric functions having an extremely small difference. This implies that the RN black hole is reasonably replaced by the regular black hole without curvature singularity in many situations.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
ПРИЧИНЫ И УСЛОВИЯ ФИНАНСОВО-БЮДЖЕТНОЙ ПРЕСТУПНОСТИ
Creators: name: Окольнова М.Е.
Publisher: name: Право и управление
Year: 2022
Subjects: преступность
бюджет
налоги
государственные закупки
нецелевое расходования бюджетных средств
состояние преступности.

description: В данной статье анализируются причины и условия возникновения преступности в финансово-бюджетной сфере. Определяются основные социальные, юридические и психологические причины влияющие на показатель преступности в данной сфере.
Host genetics and diet, but not immunoglobulin A expression, converge to shape compositional features of the gut microbiome in an advanced intercross population of mice
Creators: name: Ma, Fangrui
name: Leamy, Larry J
name: Benson, Andrew K
name: Nietfeldt, Joseph
name: Hua, Kunjie
name: Kelly, Scott A
name: Pomp, Daniel
name: Legge, Ryan M
name: Peterson, Daniel A
name: Sinha, Rohita
name: Walter, Jens
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundIndividuality in the species composition of the vertebrate gut microbiota is driven by a combination of host and environmental factors that have largely been studied independently. We studied the convergence of these factors in a G10 mouse population generated from a cross between two strains to search for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that affect gut microbiota composition or ileal Immunoglobulin A (IgA) expression in mice fed normal or high-fat diets.ResultsWe found 42 microbiota-specific QTLs in 27 different genomic regions that affect the relative abundances of 39 taxa, including four QTL that were shared between this G10 population and the population previously studied at G4. Several of the G10 QTLs show apparent pleiotropy. Eight of these QTLs, including four at the same site on chromosome 9, show significant interaction with diet, implying that diet can modify the effects of some host loci on gut microbiome composition. Utilization patterns of IghV variable regions among IgA-specific mRNAs from ileal tissue are affected by 54 significant QTLs, most of which map to a segment of chromosome 12 spanning the Igh locus. Despite the effect of genetic variation on IghV utilization, we are unable to detect overlapping microbiota and IgA QTLs and there is no significant correlation between IgA variable pattern utilization and the abundance of any of the taxa from the fecal microbiota.ConclusionsWe conclude that host genetics and diet can converge to shape the gut microbiota, but host genetic effects are not manifested through differences in IgA production.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0552-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Colossal anomalous Hall and Nernst effect from the breaking of nodal-line symmetry in Cu2CoSn Weyl semimetal: A first-principles study
Creators: name: Shukla, Gaurav K.
name: Modanwal, Ujjawal
name: Singh, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of topological band crossings near the Fermi energy is essential for the realization of large anomalous transport properties in the materials. The topological semimetals (TSMs) host such properties owing to their unique topological band structure such as Weyl points or nodal lines (NLs), that is protected by certain symmetries of the crystal. When the NLs break out in the system due to perturbation in Hamiltonian, a large Berry curvature arises in the surrounding area of the gapped NL. In the present work, we studied anomalous transport properties of Cu2CoSn compound, which has a cubic Heusler crystal structure (space group: Fm-3m). The Cu2CoSn full Heusler compound possesses three NLs in the absence of spin-orbit coupling close to the Fermi level. These NLs gap out with the consideration of the SOC and a large Berry curvature observed along the gapped NLs. The integral of Berry curvature gives the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) about 1003 S/cm and the anomalous Nernst conductivity (ANC) of about 3.98 A/m-K at the Fermi level. These values of AHC and ANC are comparable to the largest reported values for the Co2MnGa Heusler compound. Therefore, Cu2CoSn becomes a newborn member of the family of full Heusler compounds, which possesses giant AHC and ANC that can be useful for the spintronics application.
Nematic fluctuations and their wave vector in two-dimensional metals
Creators: name: Punk, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the problem of electrons on a square lattice below half filling close to an Ising-nematic quantum critical point. For Fermi surfaces with sufficiently strong antinodal nesting, the static nematic susceptibility is maximal at the antinodal nesting wave vector within a simple RPA calculation. We present a detailed analysis of the nematic susceptibility within Eliashberg theory and show that the strong interaction between Fermions in the antinodal regions shifts the maximum of the nematic susceptibility to slightly larger wave vectors. The corresponding order is akin to the incommensurate charge-density wave with d-wave form factor found recently in some underdoped cuprate materials. At sufficiently high temperatures around $T/t \sim 0.1$ nematic fluctuations are strongest at zero wave vector.
description: revised version, updated references
RIP-seq analysis of eukaryotic Sm proteins identifies three major categories of Sm-containing ribonucleoproteins
Creators: name: Schmidt, Casey A
name: Matera, A
name: Guan, Xiaojun
name: Lu, Zhipeng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundSm proteins are multimeric RNA-binding factors, found in all three domains of life. Eukaryotic Sm proteins, together with their associated RNAs, form small ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes important in multiple aspects of gene regulation. Comprehensive knowledge of the RNA components of Sm RNPs is critical for understanding their functions.ResultsWe developed a multi-targeting RNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) strategy to reliably identify Sm-associated RNAs from Drosophila ovaries and cultured human cells. Using this method, we discovered three major categories of Sm-associated transcripts: small nuclear (sn)RNAs, small Cajal body (sca)RNAs and mRNAs. Additional RIP-PCR analysis showed both ubiquitous and tissue-specific interactions. We provide evidence that the mRNA-Sm interactions are mediated by snRNPs, and that one of the mechanisms of interaction is via base pairing. Moreover, the Sm-associated mRNAs are mature, indicating a splicing-independent function for Sm RNPs.ConclusionsThis study represents the first comprehensive analysis of eukaryotic Sm-containing RNPs, and provides a basis for additional functional analyses of Sm proteins and their associated snRNPs outside of the context of pre-mRNA splicing. Our findings expand the repertoire of eukaryotic Sm-containing RNPs and suggest new functions for snRNPs in mRNA metabolism.
Active particles in heterogeneous media display new physics: existence of optimal noise and absence of bands and long-range order
Creators: name: Chepizhko, Oleksandr
name: Peruani, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of the large-scale collective properties of self-propelled particles (SPPs) moving in two-dimensional heterogeneous space. The impact of spatial heterogeneities on the ordered, collectively moving phase is investigated. We show that for strong enough spatial heterogeneity, the well-documented high-density, high-ordered propagating bands that emerge in homogeneous space disappear. Moreover, the ordered phase does not exhibit long-range order, as occurs in homogeneous systems, but rather quasi-long range order: i.e. the SPP system becomes disordered in the thermodynamical limit. For finite size systems, we find that there is an optimal noise value that maximizes order. Interestingly, the system becomes disordered in two limits, for high noise values as well as for vanishing noise. This remarkable finding strongly suggests the existence of two critical points, instead of only one, associated to the collective motion transition. Density fluctuations are consistent with these observations, being higher and anomalously strong at the optimal noise, and decreasing and crossing over to normal for high and low noise values. Collective properties are investigated in static as well as dynamic heterogeneous environments, and by changing the symmetry of the velocity alignment mechanism of the SPPs.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, 60 references
ПРОФИЛАКТИКА МЕЖЭТНИЧЕСКИХ КОНФЛИКТОВ В УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ УГОЛОВНО-ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Creators: name: Майстренко Г.А.
Publisher: name: Право и управление
Year: 2022
Subjects: уголовно-исполнительная система
осужденный
этническая группа
этнический конфликт
межличностные отношения
коллектив.

description: В учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы отбывают уголовные наказания осуждённые, в том числе, различной этнической принадлежности, с устойчивой криминальной мотивацией, отличающаяся явно выраженной совокупностью (сочетанием) личностных свойств. В статье отмечается, что знание и учет данной категории осужденных путем проведения оперативно-режимных мероприятий является необходимым условием для организации исправительной и воспитательной работы. В связи с этим, основная задача, которая стоит перед администрацией пенитенциарных учреждений, заключается в том, чтобы своевременно выявить межэтнические противоречия, не допустить применения насилия, найти эффективные способы урегулирования спорных вопросов. Автором в плане исправительного воздействия, организационных мероприятий воспитательного, социального и психологического характера обозначены основные направления работы с представителями этнических групп, отбывающих наказание в местах лишения свободы, и предложены некоторые меры по их дальнейшей реализации.
NLO Dispersion Laws for Slow-Moving Quarks in HTL QCD
Creators: name: Abada, Abdessamad
name: Benchallal, Karima
name: Bouakaz, Karima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the next-to-leading order dispersion laws for slow-moving quarks in hard-thermal-loop perturbation of high-temperature QCD where weak coupling is assumed. Real-time formalism is used. The next-to-leading order quark self-energy is written in terms of three and four HTL-dressed vertex functions. The hard thermal loops contributing to these vertex functions are calculated ab initio and expressed using the Feynman parametrization which allows the calculation of the solid-angle integrals involved. We use a prototype of the resulting integrals to indicate how finite results are obtained in the limit of vanishing regularizer.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures. Changes made to the text. References added
High density methylation QTL analysis in human blood via next-generation sequencing of the methylated genomic DNA fraction
Creators: name: Bergen, Sarah E.
name: van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
name: Shabalin, Andrey A.
name: Dozmorov, Mikhail G.
name: Nerella, Srilaxmi
name: Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
name: Kumar, Gaurav
name: Sullivan, Patrick F.
name: Hultman, Christina M.
name: Adkins, Daniel E.
name: McClay, Joseph L.
name: Aberg, Karolina A.
name: Clark, Shaunna L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundGenetic influence on DNA methylation is potentially an important mechanism affecting individual differences in humans. We use next-generation sequencing to assay blood DNA methylation at approximately 4.5 million loci, each comprising 2.9 CpGs on average, in 697 normal subjects. Methylation measures at each locus are tested for association with approximately 4.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to exhaustively screen for methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs).ResultsUsing stringent false discovery rate control, 15% of methylation sites show genetic influence. Most meQTLs are local, where the associated SNP and methylation site are in close genomic proximity. Distant meQTLs and those spanning different chromosomes are less common. Most local meQTLs encompass common SNPs that alter CpG sites (CpG-SNPs). Local meQTLs encompassing CpG-SNPs are enriched in regions of inactive chromatin in blood cells. In contrast, local meQTLs lacking CpG-SNPs are enriched in regions of active chromatin and transcription factor binding sites. Of 393 local meQTLs that overlap disease-associated regions from genome-wide studies, a high percentage encompass common CpG-SNPs. These meQTLs overlap active enhancers, differentiating them from CpG-SNP meQTLs in inactive chromatin.ConclusionsGenetic influence on the human blood methylome is common, involves several heterogeneous processes and is predominantly dependent on local sequence context at the meQTL site. Most meQTLs involve CpG-SNPs, while sequence-dependent effects on chromatin binding are also important in regions of active chromatin. An abundance of local meQTLs resulting from methylation of CpG-SNPs in inactive chromatin suggests that many meQTLs lack functional consequence. Integrating meQTL and Roadmap Epigenomics data could assist fine-mapping efforts.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0842-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
A possible phase and dynamical transition in a three-dimensional Electron Glass
Creators: name: Bhandari, Preeti
name: Malik, Vikas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using mean-field approximations, this paper identifies a phase transition in a three-dimensional Electron Glass lattice model. The density of states of the eigenvalue distribution of the inverse susceptibility matrix is used to identify the possibility of a phase transition. In the thermodynamic limit, the eigenvalue spectrum appears to extend to zero as $T \approx T_{c}$. To determine the dynamical relaxation laws near the transition temperature, we use the eigenvalue distribution of the linear dynamical matrix. Our analysis distinguishes between the phenomenon of phase transition and slow dynamics.
description: 17 pages, 10 Figures
ПРОЦЕССЫ КОЛОНИЗАЦИИ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ МИРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ: ПРОШЛОЕ, НАСТОЯЩЕЕ И БУДУЩЕЕ
Creators: name: Кокорев А.С.
name: Забелин А.А.
Publisher: name: Право и управление
Year: 2022
Subjects: неоколониализм
мягкая сила
империализм
транснациональные корпорации
ESG-политика
санкции
коллективный Запад.

description: Научная статья посвящена изучению процессов колонизации и их влияние на экономическое развитие мировой экономики. По результатам научного исследования было установлено, что эпоха колонизации имела три хронологических периода, каждый из которых внес свой вклад в становление современной геоэкономической модели: 1) ресурсный, по результатам которого сформировалась модель агрессивных интервенций в менее развитые страны для получения факторов производства; 2) имперская модель, по итогам которого на занятых территориях других стран была сформирована инфраструктура, а они постепенно перешли в статус факторий – площадок, где осуществлялась не только добыча, но и производство материальных благ; 3) корпоративный, в результате которого была сформирована модель современных ТНК с широкими полномочиями и возможностями лоббировать свои интересы на международной арене. С переходом человечества к новому этапу развития – Индустрии 4.0 – и формирования цифровой экономики произошел ренессанс неоколониализма, т.к. растущий разрыв в знаниях и технологиях между странами вкупе с переосмыслением роли и возможностей мягкой силы в контексте геополитического и экономического влияния сделал возможным формирование новой геоэкономической модели, основанной на доминировании отраслевых ТНК, стирании границ и культурной идентичности менее развитых стран. Важно отметить опору неоколониалистических процессов на принципы международного права, декларирование демократических ценностей и финансовые институты развития, которые позволяют эффективно «маскировать» агрессивные интересы коллективного Запада под заботу о благополучии и стремлении обеспечить устойчивое развитие в других странах путем совершения прямых и скрытых интервенций во внутреннюю политику и экономические процессы.
The photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion chain: irradiation to grid impact
Creators: name: Palmer, Diane
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 91399 Mechanical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: The research presented in this thesis aims to enhance understanding of the influence of the inherent variability of solar irradiance on nationwide photovoltaic (PV) system performance. The spatial and temporal consistency of the solar resource is investigated. The case study area is the UK and the body of work presents nine publications written over four years with this objective in mind.The key research theme is to produce national solar resource maps from ground-based measurements of solar radiation. Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques are utilised to build a UK map of irradiation from geographically sparse data, requiring development of new tools to both generate and verify the map data. With an augmented understanding of the solar resource, PV system dispersal is then investigated, allowing analysis and prediction of the impact on the electrical grid. The papers describe: (1) determination of the most appropriate algorithm for interpolating ground-based irradiation measurements in the UK to countrywide coverage; (2) selection of solar irradiance component separation and translation models to obtain plane-of-array irradiation from the weather station global horizontal records; (3) justification of weather stations data as a fundamental model input; (4) statistical analysis of LiDAR data and application of GIS models to LiDAR data to obtain PV system tilts and azimuths as model inputs for (2); (5) conversion of solar irradiation to electrical output; (6) shading effects; (7) study of geographic divergence of generation; (8) aggregate grid variability; and (9) future installation scenarios.There has been no previous study which commences with obtaining irradiation values for PV and proceeds through the entire modelling chain to assess cumulative impacts on grid transformers. This study may be adapted as a guide when undertaking equivalent research in other countries. Specifically, the work presented here is more extensively validated than that of previous authors. A nationwide analysis of spatial and temporal variation of PV output is delivered and current and future impacts on the National Grid are taken into consideration.
СКРЫТЫЕ ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЯ МЕЖДУ КОНСТИТУЦИОННЫМИ ИДЕЯМИ (ПРИНЦИПАМИ) ПРАВОВОГО, ДЕМОКРАТИЧЕСКОГО И СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА
Creators: name: Фролова О.В.
name: Фролов В.В.
Publisher: name: Право и управление
Year: 2022
Subjects: Конституция
справедливость
права человека
правовое государство
культура
экономика
лоббизм
социальное государство
демократия
суверенитет
сепаратизм.

description: В статье изучаются конституционные основы (принципы, идеалы) на теоретическом и прикладном уровнях. Формулируются предложения по созданию новой Конституции России, развитию концепции правового государства, усилению демократии, повышению уровня социальной сплоченности нашей великой цивилизации перед внешними и внутренними угрозами. Необходимо провозгласить в новом Основном законе основополагающий принцип (идею) справедливости, более четко и детально закрепить обязанности граждан, общества и государства.
A Simple and Fast Approach for Computing the Fusion Reactivities with Arbitrary Ion Velocity Distributions
Creators: name: Xie, Huasheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculating fusion reactivity involves a complex six-dimensional integral of the fusion cross section and ion velocity distributions of two reactants. We demonstrate a simple Monte Carlo approach that efficiently computes this integral for arbitrary ion velocity distributions with a time complexity of $O(N)$, where $N$ is the number of samples. This approach generates random numbers that satisfy the reactant velocity distributions. In cases where these numbers are not readily available, we propose using Gaussian random numbers with weighted factors. For cases where only a small number of $N$ samples are available, a $O(N^2)$ method can be used. We benchmarked this approach against analytical results for drift bi-Maxwellian distributions and provided examples of drift ring beam and slowing down distributions. Our results show that the error can be less than 1\% with $N\sim10^4$ samples for our standard approach.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Widespread Polymorphism in the Positions of Stop Codons in Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Lee, Yuh Chwen G.
name: Reinhardt, Josephine A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The mechanisms underlying evolutionary changes in protein length are poorly understood. Protein domains are lost and gained between species and must have arisen first as within-species polymorphisms. Here, we use Drosophila melanogaster population genomic data combined with between species divergence information to understand the evolutionary forces that generate and maintain polymorphisms causing changes in protein length in D. melanogaster. Specifically, we looked for protein length variations resulting from premature termination codons (PTCs) and stop codon losses (SCLs). We discovered that 438 genes contained polymorphisms resulting in truncation of the translated region (PTCs) and 119 genes contained polymorphisms predicted to lengthen the translated region (SCLs). Stop codon polymorphisms (SCPs) (especially PTCs) appear to be more deleterious than other polymorphisms, including protein amino acid changes. Genes harboring SCPs are in general less selectively constrained, more narrowly expressed, and enriched for dispensable biological functions. However, we also observed exceptional cases such as genes that have multiple independent SCPs, alleles that are shared between D. melanogaster and Drosophila simulans, and high-frequency alleles that cause extreme changes in gene length. SCPs likely have an important role in the evolution of these genes.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ РУКОВОДИТЕЛЬ В КОНТЕКСТЕ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЦЕЛЕЙ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ
Creators: name: Осипов Е.М.
name: Манкевич Ю.В.
Publisher: name: Право и управление
Year: 2022
Subjects: устойчивое развитие
Концепция устойчивого развития
бизнес-гуру
цели устойчивого развития
экономическая культура
ESG.

description: В статье раскрывается тема внедрения и реализации целей устойчивого развития через презентацию лучших практик бизнес-гуру, чье призвание и задача вдохновить сотрудников компаний на более активное участие в реализации целей устойчивого развития. На примерах показана возможность внедрения Концепции через активное участие руководителя и (или) бизнес-гуру. Авторами так же введено понятие «гуруизм», как явление подражания идеям и экономическому поведению руководителя, ориентированному на цели устойчивого развития. В проведенном исследовании сделан вывод о готовности, в целом, российского бизнеса к сотрудничеству в сфере устойчивого развития. Ключевым фактором здесь будет являться успешная реализация управленческих технологий, выстроенных на основе экономической культуры. Это позволит вовлечь максимальное количество сотрудников в дальнейшее внедрение и реализацию общемировой Концепции устойчивого развития в российских компаниях
Observation of axisymmetric standard magnetorotational instability in the laboratory
Creators: name: Wang, Yin
name: Gilson, Erik P.
name: Ebrahimi, Fatima
name: Goodman, Jeremy
name: Ji, Hantao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first direct evidence for the axisymmetric standard magnetorotational instability (SMRI) from a combined experimental and numerical study of a magnetized liquid-metal shear flow in a Taylor-Couette cell with independently rotating and electrically conducting end caps. When a uniform vertical magnetic field $B_i$ is applied along the rotation axis, the measured radial magnetic field $B_r$ on the inner cylinder increases linearly with a small magnetic Reynolds number $Rm$ due to the magnetization of the residue Ekman circulation. Onset of the axisymmetric SMRI is identified from the nonlinear increase of $B_r$ beyond a critical $Rm$ in both experiments and nonlinear numerical simulations. The axisymmetric SMRI exists only at sufficiently large $Rm$ and intermediate $B_i$, a feature consistent with theoretical predictions. Our simulations further show that the axisymmetric SMRI causes the velocity and magnetic fields to contribute an outward flux of axial angular momentum in the bulk region, just as it should in accretion disks.
description: 10 pages; 11 figures
Decomposition of bipartite and multipartite unitary gates into the product of controlled unitary gates
Creators: name: Chen, Lin
name: Yu, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that any unitary operator on the $d_A\times d_B$ system ($d_A\ge 2$) can be decomposed into the product of at most $4d_A-5$ controlled unitary operators. The number can be reduced to $2d_A-1$ when $d_A$ is a power of two. We also prove that three controlled unitaries can implement a bipartite complex permutation operator, and discuss the connection to an analogous result on classical reversible circuits. We further show that any $n$-partite unitary on the space $\mathbb{C}^{d_1}\otimes...\otimes\mathbb{C}^{d_n}$ is the product of at most $[2\prod^{n-1}_{j=1}(2d_j-2)-1]$ controlled unitary gates, each of which is controlled from $n-1$ systems. The number can be further reduced for $n=4$. We also decompose any bipartite unitary into the product of a simple type of bipartite gates and some local unitaries. We derive dimension-independent upper bounds for the CNOT-gate cost or entanglement cost of bipartite permutation unitaries (with the help of ancillas of fixed size) as functions of the Schmidt rank of the unitary. It is shown that such costs under a simple protocol are related to the log-rank conjecture in communication complexity theory via the link of nonnegative rank.