Phrurolithus subnigerus Fu, Chen & Zhang, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Fu, Lina
name: Chen, Huiming
name: Zhang, Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Phrurolithidae
Phrurolithus
Phrurolithus subnigerus

description: Phrurolithus subnigerus sp. nov.   
Figs 13A–G, 14A–E  
 Type material. Holotype ♂, Zhejiang Province, Lingnan City, Qingliang Peak, Shunxiwu (30°3.656′N, 118°56.521′E), 16 May 2012, Chi JIN leg. Paratypes: 1♂ 4♀, same data as for holotype; 1♂, Anhui Province, Huangshan City, Xiuning County, Qiyun Mountain, Fanglazhai (29°48.579′N, 118°2.319′E), 19 April 2011, Zongxu LI leg.   
 Etymology. The species name is taken from its similarity to P. nigerus Yin, 2012; noun.   
 Diagnosis. The female of the new species is similar to P. nigerus (Yin, 2012: 1078, fig. 565) in having bursae, but can be distinguished from it by: 1) CO rather half-round openings (completely round openings in the latter); 2) the distance between copulatory ducts shorter (longer in the latter). The male of the new species is similar to P. festivus (C. L. Koch, 1835) (Wang et al., 2015: 463, fig. 15) in having a similar bulb, but can be distinguished from it by: 1) with two retrolateral tibial apophyses, thin (only a single thick one in the latter); 2) BU smaller (large in the latter); 3) two CO anteriorly (with only one, posteriorly in the latter).   
 Description. Male (Fig. 13A). Total length 2.36–2.72 (n =3). Holotype: body 2.44 long; carapace 1.05 long, 0.92 wide; abdomen 1.38 long, 0.79 wide. Carapace yellowish grey, oval, abruptly narrow anteriorly, medium grey; thoracic part slightly higher than the cephalic part; fovea longitudinal, distinct. Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.05, PLE 0.07; AME–AME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.06, PME–PLE 0.04. MOA 0.17 long, front 0.15 wide, back 0.16 wide. Clypeus 0.08 high. Chelicerae light brown, with two bristles anteriorly; promargin of cheliceral furrow with three well-separated teeth and retromargin with two teeth near to each other. Labium and gnathocoxae brown. Legs and palps yellowish. Leg measurements: I 3.04 (0.79, 0.29, 0.83, 0.71, 0.42); II 2.62(0.73, 0.23, 0.63, 0.60, 0.43); III 2.27 (0.48, 0.24, 0.60, 0.54, 0.41); IV 3.68 (0.97, 0.31, 0.91, 0.94, 0.55). Leg formula: 4123. Femora I–IV with only one dorsal spine. Femur I and femur II without prolateral spines; tibia I and tibia II with six pairs of ventral spines; metatarsus I and metatarsus II with four proventral spines and three retroventral spines. Abdomen dark grey, dorsum with a small white spot posteriorly.   
Palp (Figs 13C–E, 14A–C). Femoral apophysis located ventrally. Two retrolateral tibial apophyses with the same length. Embolus long.  
 Female (Fig. 13B). Total length 2.87–3.14 (n =4). One female body 3.14 long; carapace 1.16 long, 0.98 wide; abdomen 1.75 long, 1.14 wide. Carapace dark brown, abruptly narrow anteriorly; fovea longitudinal. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.07, ALE 0.09, PME 0.05, PLE 0.06. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.06, PME–PLE 0.05. MOA 0.18 long, front 0.17 wide, back 0.17 wide. Clypeus 0.09 high. Leg measurements (one specimen): I 3.60 (0.91, 0.32, 1.01, 0.89, 0.47); II 3.14 (0.85, 0.28, 0.75, 0.76, 0.50); III 2.79 (0.76, 0.29, 0.59, 0.67, 0.48); IV 3.89 (0.96, 0.32, 0.99, 0.98, 0.64). Leg formula: 4123. Femora I–IV with one dorsal spine. Femur I and femur II without prolateral spine; tibia I–II with six pairs of ventral spines; metatarsus I and metatarsus II with four proventral spines and three retroventral spines. Abdomen dark dorsally.   
Epigyne (Figs 13F–G, 14D–E). Copulatory openings large, situated medially, located in the shallow concavities anteriorly (Figs 13F, 14D). Vulva anteriorly with a pair of small, ear-like bursae, posteriorly with a pair of spermathecae. Glandular appendage much shorter than fertilization duct.  
 Distribution. China (Anhui, Zhejiang).
description: Published as part of Fu, Lina, Chen, Huiming & Zhang, Feng, 2016, New Phrurolithus species from China (Araneae, Phrurolithidae), pp. 270-290 in Ecologica Montenegrina 7 on pages 287-290, DOI: 10.37828/em.2016.7.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13224313