cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Heat Transport by Coherent Rayleigh-Bénard Convection
Creators: name: Waleffe, Fabian
name: Boonkasame, Anakewit
name: Smith, Leslie M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Steady but generally unstable solutions of the 2D Boussinesq equations are obtained for no-slip boundary conditions and Prandtl number 7. The primary solution that bifurcates from the conduction state at Rayleigh number $Ra \approx 1708$ has been calculated up to $Ra\approx 5. 10^6$ and shows heat flux $Nu \sim 0.143\, Ra^{0.28}$ with a delicate spiral structure in the temperature field. Another solution that maximizes $Nu$ over the horizontal wavenumber has been calculated up to $Ra=10^9$ and its heat flux scales as $Nu \sim 0.115\, Ra^{0.31}$ for $10^7 < Ra \le 10^9$, quite similar to 3D turbulent data. The latter is a simple yet multi-scale coherent solution whose horizontal wavenumber scales as $0.133 \, Ra^{0.217}$ in that range. That optimum solution is unstable to larger scale perturbations and in particular to mean shear flows, yet it appears to be relevant as a backbone for turbulent solutions, possibly setting the scale, strength and spacing of elemental plumes.
description: 7 pages, one column, 5 figures, Revtex 4-1. Added discussion and references for `ultimate regime' and Grossmann-Lohse scaling theory. Updated best upper bound results
Glaube und Unglaube in psychoanalytischer Sicht
Creators: name: Görres, Albert
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 2 Nr. 6 (1973): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 2, Heft 6
Detection of intended and unintended emissions from Starlink satellites in the SKA-Low frequency range, at the SKA-Low site, with an SKA-Low station analog
Creators: name: Grigg, Dylan
name: Tingay, Steven
name: Sokolowski, Marcin
name: Wayth, Randall
name: Indermuehle, Balthasar
name: Prabu, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intended and unintended radio emissions from satellites can interfere with sensitive radio telescopes in the frequency ranges of key experiments in astrophysics and cosmology. We detect strong intended and unintended electromagnetic radiation from Starlink satellites at the site of the future SKA-Low facility in Western Australia, using an SKA-low prototype station known as the Engineering Development Array version 2 (EDA2). We aim to show that Starlink satellites are easily detectable utilising a configuration of low frequency radio antennas representative of an SKA-Low 'station' and that our results complement similar findings with the LOFAR telescope. Utilising the EDA2 at frequencies of 137.5 MHz and 159.4 MHz, we detect trains of Starlink satellites on 2023-03-17/18 and 2021-11-16/17, respectively, via the formation of all-sky images with a frequency resolution of 0.926 MHz and a time resolution of 2 s. Time differencing techniques are utilised to isolate and characterise the transmissions from Starlink and other satellites. We observe Starlink satellites reaching intensities of $10^6$ Jy/beam, with the detected transmissions exhibiting a range of behaviours, from periodic bursts to steady transmission. The results are notable because they demonstrate that Starlink satellites are detected in the SKA-Low frequency range, transmitting both intentionally and unintentionally. Follow-up work and discussion are needed to identify the cause of this unintentional radiation as it has the potential to interfere with SKA-Low science. Our results indicate that both intended and unintended radiation from Starlink satellites will be detrimental to key SKA science goals without mitigation. Continued conversation with SpaceX could potentially result in future mitigations which the EDA2 instrument could efficiently monitor and characterise at the SKA-Low site.
Photospheric Flow Field Related to the Evolution of the Sun's Polar Magnetic Patches Observed by Hinode SOT
Creators: name: Kaithakkal, Anjali John
name: Suematsu, Y.
name: Kubo, M.
name: Iida, Y.
name: Shiota, D.
name: Tsuneta, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the role of photospheric plasma motions in the formation and evolution of polar magnetic patches using time-sequence observations with high spatial resolution. The observations were obtained with the spectropolarimeter on board the Hinode satellite. From the statistical analysis using 75 magnetic patches, we found that they are surrounded by strong converging, supergranulation associated flows during their apparent life time and that the converging flow around the patch boundary is better observed in the Doppler velocity profile in the deeper photosphere. Based on our analysis we suggest that the like-polarity magnetic fragments in the polar region are advected and clustered by photospheric converging flows thereby resulting in the formation of polar magnetic patches. Our observations show that, in addition to direct cancellation magnetic patches decay by fragmentation followed by unipolar disappearance or unipolar disappearance without fragmentation. It is possible that the magnetic patches of existing polarity fragment or diffuse away into smaller elements and eventually cancel out with opposite polarity fragments that reach the polar region around solar cycle maximum. This could be one of the possible mechanisms by which the existing polarity decay during the reversal of the polar magnetic field.
description: 13 pages, 21 figures, Accepted for Publication in ApJ
Die Offenbarung der Sünde im Mysterium Christi
Creators: name: Ligier, Louis
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 2 Nr. 6 (1973): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 2, Heft 6
End-to-end numerical modeling of the Roman Space Telescope coronagraph
Creators: name: Krist, John E.
name: Steeves, John B.
name: Dube, Brandon D.
name: Riggs, A. J. Eldorado
name: Kern, Brian D.
name: Marx, David S.
name: Cady, Eric J.
name: Zhou, Hanying
name: Poberezhskiy, Ilya Y.
name: Baker, Caleb W.
name: McGuire, James P.
name: Nemati, Bijan
name: Kuan, Gary M.
name: Mennesson, Bertrand
name: Trauger, John T.
name: Saini, Navtej S.
name: Rafels, Sergi Hildebrandt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Roman Space Telescope will have the first advanced coronagraph in space, with deformable mirrors for wavefront control, low-order wavefront sensing and maintenance, and a photon-counting detector. It is expected to be able to detect and characterize mature, giant exoplanets in reflected visible light. Over the past decade the performance of the coronagraph in its flight environment has been simulated with increasingly detailed diffraction and structural/thermal finite element modeling. With the instrument now being integrated in preparation for launch within the next few years, the present state of the end-to-end modeling is described, including the measured flight components such as deformable mirrors. The coronagraphic modes are thoroughly described, including characteristics most readily derived from modeling. The methods for diffraction propagation, wavefront control, and structural and thermal finite-element modeling are detailed. The techniques and procedures developed for the instrument will serve as a foundation for future coronagraphic missions such as the Habitable Worlds Observatory.
description: 113 pages, 85 figures, to be published in SPIE Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems
Orientational disorder and normal-state electronic-transport properties of A3C60
Creators: name: Gelfand, M.P.
name: Lu, J.P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: A model proposed for the conduction band of alkali-metal-doped C60, which allows for experimentally relevant orientational disorder, is further analyzed. Transport properties are calculated by evaluation of Kubo-Greenwood formulas on finite systems. The residual resistivity is close to 400 μΩ cm; the thermal conductivity satisifes the Weidemann-Franz law; and the thermopower varies as the inverse of the conduction bandwidth with a known coefficient, making possible quantitative estimates of the density of states. The comparison with experimental results appears favorable.
How Electronic Dynamics with Pauli Exclusion Produces Fermi-Dirac Statistics
Creators: name: Nguyen, Triet
name: Nanguneri, Ravindra
name: Parkhill, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is important that any dynamics method approaches the correct population distribution at long times. In this paper, we derive a one-body reduced density matrix dynamics for electrons in energetic contact with a bath. We obtain a remarkable equation of motion which shows that in order to reach equilibrium properly, rates of electron transitions depend on the density matrix. Even though the bath drives the electrons towards a Boltzmann distribution, hole blocking factors in our equation of motion cause the electronic populations to relax to a Fermi-Dirac distribution. These factors are an old concept, but we show how they can be derived with a combination of time-dependent perturbation theory, and the extended normal ordering of Mukherjee and Kutzelnigg. The resulting non-equilibrium kinetic equations generalize the usual Redfield theory to many-electron systems, while ensuring that the orbital occupations remain between zero and one. In numerical applications of our equations, we show that relaxation rates of molecules are not constant because of the blocking effect. Other applications to model atomic chains are also presented which highlight the importance of treating both dephasing and relaxation. Finally we show how the bath localizes the electron density matrix.
description: Revision #1: 18 pages, 4 figures. Theory sections are revised to include derivation steps
Reformanregungen aus dem sowjetischen Bildungswesen?
Creators: name: Anweiler, Oskar
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 2 Nr. 5 (1973): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 2, Heft 5
Calibrating the effective magnitudes of type Ia supernovae with a model-independent method
Creators: name: Hu, Jian
name: Hu, Jian-Ping
name: Li, Zhongmu
name: Zhao, Wenchang
name: Chen, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This research explores the correlation between the absolute magnitude and the redshift of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with a model-independent approach. The Pantheon sample of SNe Ia and strong gravitational lensing systems (SGLS) are used. With the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR), the evolution parameter of the magnitude, the light curve parameters of SNe Ia, and the parameters of the SGLS geometric model are constrained simultaneously. Considering the consistency of the redshifts, we selected a subsample of SNe Ia in which the redshift of each SNe Ia is close to the corresponding redshift of the SGLS sample. Two parametric models are used to describe this evolution, which can be written as $δ_M=\varepsilon z$ and $δ_M=\varepsilon\log(1+z)$, respectively. Our analysis reveals that $\varepsilon=-0.036^{+0.357}_{-0.339}$ in the first parametric model and $\varepsilon=-0.014^{+0.588}_{-0.630}$ in the second model, indicating that no significant evolution ($\varepsilon=0$) is supported at the 1$σ$ confidence level in this study. These results represent a significant advancement in our understanding of the intrinsic properties of SNe Ia and provide important constraints for future SNe Ia study.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, Accepted by Physical Review D
Die Debatte um Küngs »Unfehlbar?« und der römische Einspruch
Creators: name: Lehmann, Karl
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 2 Nr. 5 (1973): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 2, Heft 5
Magnetotransport properties of magnetic granular solids: The role of unfilled d bands
Creators: name: Xing, L.
name: Salamon, M.B.
name: Shi, J.
name: Lu, J.P.
name: Chang, Y.C.
name: Frenkel, D.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: We calculate the magnetoresistance and magnetothermopower of magnetic granular solids. Contrary to previous theories of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR), we demonstrate that the unfilled d bands of magnetic grains play an essential role in the transport properties of these systems. Our results relate GMR and magnetothermopower to microscopic and geometric quantities, and provide a natural explanation for many experimentally observed features, such as the (M/Ms)2 dependence of the GMR, the giant magnetothermopower and its 1/ρ scaling behavior, and the absence of negative GMR in rare-earth-nonmagnetic structures.
Addressing legal and ethical dimensions of the processing of personal data in research contexts: The DARIAH ELDAH Consent Form Wizard
Creators: name: Hannesschläger, Vanessa
name: Kuzman-Šlogar, Koraljka
name: Scholger, Walter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Data Protection
GDPR
Research Ethics
DARIAH-EU
Informed Consent

description: One of the core concerns of research in the 21st century is to open up knowledge and science itself. This idea, at the heart of the Open Science movement, encompasses not only the idea of enabling democratic access to research results, but also a careful, responsible and transparent handling of the research process and the research objects themselves, especially when these objects are actually subjects (i.e. people). The ELDAH Consent Wizard project, co-funded through the DARIAH-EU Working Group funding scheme and the Austrian national CLARIAH-AT funding scheme, set out to develop a “consent form wizard” which enables digital scholars and the wider research infrastructure community to quickly and easily obtain a standardized, GDPR-compliant consent form that is legally valid in all of the European Union, and also sets a best practice for transparency and ethical conduct towards research (and hence data) subjects. Depending on the context for which consent is obtained (e.g. use of images of people, processing of information shared in surveys, collection/processing of personal data), wizard users receive a consent form tailored to their specific needs after answering a series of questions.
244. Prediction of Vascular Complications in Takayasu Arteritis by Machine Learning: A Cohort-Based Proof-Of-Concept Study
Creators: name: Xiaomin Dai1
name: Yike Li2
name: Sun1, Ying
name: Yujiao Wang1
name: Sifan Wu1
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Vasculitis
ANCA
Abstracts
Giant Cell Arthritis
MPA
GPA
EGPA
Takayasu
IgA vasculitis

description: Objectives: Vascular complications are common poor prognosis in Takayasu arteritis (TAK). We aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models for prediction of vascular complications in TAK based on prospective data from the East China Takayasu Arteritis (ECTA) cohort. Methods: Data were collected from the ECTA cohort in which patients were enrolled from January 2009 to August 2020 and followed till February 2021 (n = 517). Predictor variables included 53 baseline features and outcome of interest was incident vascular complications. Data were randomly split into a training (85%) and test (15%) set. Logistic regression (LR), support vector machine, random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors, XGBoost (XGB), and light gradient boosting machine models were trained using five-fold cross validation, and evaluated on the test set for recall, specificity, precision and area under ROC (AU-ROC) and precision-recall curves (AU-PRC). Permutation score was applied to assess feature importance to the outcome. Results: Over a median follow-up of 30 (15–44) months, incident vascular complications were observed in 29.0% (150/517) patients. The RF model demonstrated the best overall predictive performance (AU-ROC = 0.84, AU-PRC = 0.63). Both the RF and LR models had the highest specificity (0.98), and the XGB model had the highest recall (0.87). Progressive clinical course was an important feature significantly associated with the outcome for all models. Conclusions: It demonstrated the feasibility of developing ML models for prediction of vascular complications in TAK. The XGB model could help for early identification of high-risk patients, and RF and LR models could further confirm. Disclosures: All the authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Ground-state structural and dynamical properties of solid C60 from an empirical intermolecular potential
Creators: name: Li, X.-P.
name: Martin, R.M.
name: Lu, J.P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: A simple intermolecular potential is constructed to describe solid C60. The structural and elastic properties are calculated and show good agreement with available experimental results. Phonon-dispersion curves and density of states are predicted. The librational modes are found to be between 10 and 20 cm-1 and the highest vibrational mode is at 45 cm-1. The phonon density of states is used to calculate the specific heat, which agrees reasonably well with experiment.
Neutrons from projectile fragmentation at 600 MeV/nucleon
Creators: name: Pawłowski, P.
name: Brzychczyk, J.
name: Buyukcizmeci, N.
name: Johansson, H. T.
name: Trautmann, W.
name: Wieloch, A.
name: Adrich, P.
name: Aumann, T.
name: Barczyk, T.
name: Bianchin, S.
name: Boretzky, K.
name: Botvina, A. S.
name: Chbihi, A.
name: Cibor, J.
name: Czech, B.
name: Emling, H.
name: Frankland, J. D.
name: Heil, M.
name: Fèvre, A. Le
name: Leifels, Y.
name: Lühning, J.
name: Łukasik, J.
name: Lynen, U.
name: Majka, Z.
name: Mishustin, I. N.
name: Müller, W. F. J.
name: Ogul, R.
name: Orth, H.
name: Palit, R.
name: Rossi, D.
name: Schwarz, C.
name: Sfienti, C.
name: Simon, H.
name: Sümmerer, K.
name: Weick, H.
name: Zwiegliński, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutron emission in projectile fragmentation at relativistic energies was studied with the Large-Area-Neutron-Detector LAND coupled to the ALADIN forward spectrometer at the GSI Schwerionen-Synchrotron (SIS). Stable 124Sn and radioactive 107Sn and 124La beams with an incident energy of 600 MeV/nucleon were used to explore the N/Z dependence of the identified neutron source. A cluster-recognition algorithm is applied for identifying individual particles within the hit distributions registered with LAND. The obtained momentum distributions are extrapolated over the full phase space occupied by the neutrons from the projectile-spectator source. The mean multiplicities of spectator neutrons reach values of up to about 11 and depend strongly on the isotopic composition of the projectile. An effective source temperature of T \approx 2-5 MeV, monotonically increasing with decreasing impact parameter, is deduced from the transverse momentum distributions. For the interpretation of the data, calculations with the statistical multifragmentation model were performed. The variety of excited projectile spectators assumed to decay statistically is represented by an ensemble of excited sources with parameters determined previously from the fragment production observed in the same experiments. The obtained agreement is very satisfactory for more peripheral collisions where, according to the model, neutrons are mainly emitted during the secondary decays of excited fragments. The neutron multiplicity in more central collisions is underestimated, indicating that other sources besides the modeled statistical breakup contribute to the observed neutron yield. The choice made for the symmetry-term coefficient of the liquid-drop description of produced fragments has a weak effect on the predicted neutron multiplicities.
description: 22 pages, 24 figures, to appear in Physical Review C
Die lateinamerikanische Theologie der Befreiung (II)
Creators: name: Vekemans, Roger
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 2 Nr. 5 (1973): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 2, Heft 5
Where do the 3.5 keV photons come from? A morphological study of the Galactic Center and of Perseus
Creators: name: Carlson, Eric
name: Jeltema, Tesla
name: Profumo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test the origin of the 3.5 keV line photons by analyzing the morphology of the emission at that energy from the Galactic Center and from the Perseus cluster of galaxies. We employ a variety of different templates to model the continuum emission and analyze the resulting radial and azimuthal distribution of the residual emission. We then perform a pixel-by-pixel binned likelihood analysis including line emission templates and dark matter templates and assess the correlation of the 3.5 keV emission with these templates. We conclude that the radial and azimuthal distribution of the residual emission is incompatible with a dark matter origin for both the Galactic center and Perseus; the Galactic center 3.5 keV line photons trace the morphology of lines at comparable energy, while the Perseus 3.5 keV photons are highly correlated with the cluster's cool core, and exhibit a morphology incompatible with dark matter decay. The template analysis additionally allows us to set the most stringent constraints to date on lines in the 3.5 keV range from dark matter decay.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures; added discussion of role of absorption and of how likelihood fitting and limits are robust against the line being a small fraction of the signal; version to appear on JCAP
Die lateinamerikanische Theologie der Befreiung (I)
Creators: name: García Rubio, Alfonso
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 2 Nr. 5 (1973): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 2, Heft 5
Discovery of Gamma-Ray Orbital Modulation in the Black Widow PSR J1311-3430
Creators: name: Xing, Yi
name: Wang, Zhongxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report our discovery of orbitally modulated $γ$-ray emission from the black widow system PSR J1311-3430. We analyze the \textit{Fermi} Large Area Telescope data during the offpulse phase interval of the pulsar, and find the orbital modulation signal at a $\sim$3$σ$ confidence level. Further spectral analysis shows no significant differences for the spectra obtained during the bright and faint orbital phase ranges. A simple sinusoid-like function can describe the modulation. Given these properties, we suggest that the intrabinary $γ$-ray emission arises from the region close to the companion and the modulation is caused by the occultation of the emitting region by the companion, similar to that is seen in the transitional millisecond pulsar binary (MSP) PSR J1023+0038. Considering the X-ray detection of intrabinary shock emission from eclipsing MSP binaries recently reported, this discovery further suggests the general existence of intrabinary $γ$-ray emission from them.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Magnetic interactions in the metallic phase of the copper oxides: A Fermi-liquid description
Creators: name: Si, Q.
name: Lu, J.P.
name: Levin, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: One of the central issues in the field of high-temperature superconductivity is whether the normal state can be described by Fermi-liquid theory. Recent photoemission experiments along with a growing body of Fermi-liquid-based theoretical work have provided some support for this viewpoint. However, one major concern in ascertaining the validity of a Fermi-liquid approach is whether the magnetic interactions in the metallic cuprates are sufficiently strong so as to undermine the usual Fermi-liquid description. In this paper we address this question by examining the nature of the magnetic interactions in the metallic state. These interactions, which are dominantly between the Cu spins, arise via the intermediating oxygenlike states. Since the oxygen character changes as the hole doping is increased, it is expected that the Cu-Cu interactions are doping sensitive and evolve away from their value in the insulating limit. We deduce these interactions within a physical picture in which the Cu d electrons are nearly localized and the oxygen bandwidth assumes a finite value. While our qualitative results are general, we use a 1/N expansion as a convenient theoretical tool. In the extended Hubbard Hamiltonian the exchange terms are evaluated at order (1/N2). Both superexchange (JS) and Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions (JR) emerge on a similar footing. With increasing carrier concentration, JS decreases rapidly, while JR abruptly increases from zero. We find that, because of the reduction in the strength of the superexchange, there is an enhanced stability of the Fermi-liquid phase. The dynamical susceptibility is also calculated within this scheme and the consequences for NMR and neutron experiments are discussed elsewhere.
Characterizing Aqueous Foams by In-situ Viscosity Measurement in a Foam Column
Creators: name: Yu, Wei
name: Lo, Jack Hau Yung
name: Kanj, Mazen Yousef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Foam characterization is essential in many applications of foams, such as cleaning, food processing, cosmetics, and oil production, due to these applications diversified requirements. The standard characterization method, the foam column test, cannot provide sufficient information for in-depth studies. Hence, there have been many studies that incorporated different characterization methods into the standard test. It should be enlightening and feasible to measure the foam viscosity, which is both of practical and fundamental interest, during the foam column test, but it has never been done before. Here, we demonstrate a method to characterize aqueous foams and their aging behaviors with simultaneous measurement of foam viscosity and foam height. Using a vibration viscometer, we integrate foam column experiments with in-situ foam viscosity measurements. We studied the correlation among the foam structure, foam height, and foam viscosity during the foam decay process. We found a drastic decrease in foam viscosity in the early foam decay while the foam height remained unchanged, which is explained by coarsening. This method is much more sensitive and time-efficient than conventional foam-height-based methods by comparing the half-life. This method successfully characterizes the stability of foams made of various combinations of surfactants and gases.
Evidence for a pressure discontinuity at the position of the Coma relic from Planck Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect data
Creators: name: Erler, Jens
name: Basu, Kaustuv
name: Trasatti, Monica
name: Klein, Ulrich
name: Bertoldi, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio relics are Mpc-scale diffuse synchrotron sources found in galaxy cluster outskirts. They are believed to be associated with large-scale shocks propagating through the intra-cluster medium, although the connection between radio relics and the cluster merger shocks is not yet proven conclusively. We present a first tentative detection of a pressure jump in the well-known relic of the Coma cluster through Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect imaging.The SZE data are extracted from the first public all-sky data release of Planck and we use high-frequency radio data at 2.3 GHz to constrain the shock-front geometry. The SZE data provide evidence for a pressure discontinuity, consistent with the relic position, without requiring any additional prior on the shock-front location. The derived Mach number M = 2.9 (+0.8/-0.6) is consistent with X-ray and radio results. A high-pressure "filament" without any pressure discontinuity is disfavoured by X-ray measurements and a "sub-cluster" model based on the infalling group NGC 4839 can be ruled out considering the published mass estimates for this group. These results signify a first attempt towards directly measuring the pressure discontinuity for a radio relic and the first SZ-detected shock feature observed near the virial radius of a galaxy cluster.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures; Updated to match the version published in MNRAS; Results unchanged
title:  A proposito della donna. Ortega y Gasset e Julián Marías
Creators: name: Russo  ,  Maria Teresa
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2014

description: Aver ignorato il tema del donna e della differenza sessuale è un rimprovero mosso alla maggior parte dei filosofi del Novecento. È innegabile che un'attenta tematizzazione filosofica del femminile emerga solo a partire dalla metà del Novecento, grazie in larga parte alla filosofia femminista. Nella penisola iberica, i filosofi José Ortega y Gasset e Julián Marías si distinguono per aver dedicato un'attenzione particolare alla questione del femminile, trattandola congiuntamente al tema dell'amore.
description: B@belonline vol. 16/17 Pensare Altrimenti
Full cycle, self-consistent, two-dimensional analysis of a packed bed DBD reactor for plasma-assisted $\mathrm{CO_{2}}$ splitting: spatiotemporal inhomogeneous, glow to streamer to surface discharge transitions
Creators: name: Kourtzanidis, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the full-cycle operation of a coaxial Packed Bed Dielectric Barrier Discharge (PB-DBD) reactor operating in pure $\mathrm{CO_{2}}$. The reactor is packed with high permittivity dielectric rods and is analyzed with a two-dimensional (2D) self-consistent plasma model. We show that the PB-DBD operation is governed by both glow and volume/surface streamer discharges, forming alternatively and non-uniformly inside the gas volume. The presence and surface charging of the dielectric rods and dielectric layer is crucial for the initiation, propagation, annihillation and afterglow of these microdischarges. Our calculations show maximum electron and $\mathrm{CO_{2}^{+}}$ densities in the order $10^{20}$ $\mathrm{m^{-3}}$, an average discharge power of 353.42 W/m, microdischarge peak currents in the order of 50-400 A/m, total half-cycle plasma charge of around 6 $\mathrmμ$C/m. Dominant negative ions are found to be $\mathrm{CO_{3}^{-}}$. CO molecules and O atoms are mainly formed during the MDs development and the streamer-surface ionization waves. Molecular oxygen ($\mathrm{O_{2}}$) is preferentially formed during the glow, current-decaying and afterglow phase of each microdischarge. The spatially average reduced electric field inside the reactor lies in the 20-100 Td range. Each MD, presents distinct non-uniform and non-repeatable glow and volume/streamer discharges owed to the non-uniform surface charging processes which dictate the complex spatial distribution of produced neutral (and ion) species. These detailed results shed light on crucial, largely non-uniform plasma spatiotemporal characteristics that can help design efficient PB-DBD reactors for $\mathrm{CO_{2}}$ splitting and beyond, while emphasizing the important insights obtained by 2D simulations which can not be captured with 0D-global or 1D models.
Electroweak Corrections to Photon Scattering, Polarization and Lensing in a Gravitational Background and the Near Horizon Limit
Creators: name: Coriano, Claudio
name: Rose, Luigi Delle
name: Maglio, Matteo Maria
name: Serino, Mirko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the semiclassical approach to the lensing of photons in a spherically symmetric gravitational background, starting from Born level and include in our analysis the radiative corrections obtained from the electroweak theory for the graviton/photon/photon vertex. In this approach, the cross section is related to the angular variation of the impact parameter ($b$), which is then solved for $b$ as a function of the angle of deflection, and measured in horizon units ($b_h\equiv b/(2 G M)$). Exact numerical solutions for the angular deflection are presented. The numerical analysis shows that perturbation theory in a weak background agrees with the classical Einstein formula for the deflection already at distances of the order of $20$ horizon units ($\sim 20\, b_h$) and it is optimal in the description both of very strong and weak lensings. We show that the electroweak corrections to the cross section are sizeable, becoming very significant for high energy gamma rays. Our analysis covers in energy most of the photon spectrum, from the cosmic microwave background up to very high energy gamma rays, and scatterings with any value of the photon impact parameter. We also study the helicity-flip photon amplitude, which is of $O(α^2)$ in the weak coupling $α$, and its massless fermion limit, which involves the exchange of a conformal anomaly pole. The corresponding cross section is proportional to the Born level result and brings to a simple renormalization of Einsten's formula.
description: 38 pages, 18 figures. Revised final version, accepted on JHEP
Pairing instabilities in the two-dimensional Hubbard model
Creators: name: Chubukov, A.V.
name: Lu, J.P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: We show that for low and moderate fillings the ground state of the two-dimensional Hubbard model with positive-U and nearest-neighbor hopping is unstable with respect to d-wave pairing with dxy symmetry of the gap wave function: Δ∼sinkxsinky. The inclusion of the next-neighbor hopping may either suppress the pairing or change the symmetry of the superconducting state.
Trans-Planckian censorship constraints on properties and cosmological applications of axion-like fields
Creators: name: Shlivko, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture (TCC) to constrain the decay constants $f$ characterizing a set of N identical axion-like fields with cosine potentials, improving upon the precision of other Swampland conjectures and existing string-theoretic arguments. We find that consistency with the TCC requires any such set of axion-like fields to satisfy $f\sqrt{N} \lesssim 0.6M_{pl}$, where $M_{pl}$ is the reduced Planck mass. We show that this bound makes models of axion-driven inflation incapable of simultaneously producing the required number of e-foldings and the observed scalar spectral tilt. In contrast, we find that models of axion quintessence can be simultaneously compatible with the TCC and observational data, provided that the axions' initial field values are set near the maxima of their potentials to within roughly $\pm \fracπ{5}f$.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
title:  Practical Wisdom and the Woman’s View
Creators: name: Scott-Baumann  ,  Alison
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2014

description: If we look at Francesca Brezzi's work, we can gain a sense of what Western philosophy may mean to women now, and what it can do to support women, both now and in future. She analyses the philosophies of difference of Irigaray and others in order to correct the imbalance that exists between male and female thinkers.
description: B@belonline vol. 16/17 Pensare Altrimenti
Algebraic Geometrization of the Kuramoto Model: Equilibria and Stability Analysis
Creators: name: Mehta, Dhagash
name: Daleo, Noah
name: Dörfler, Florian
name: Hauenstein, Jonathan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Finding equilibria of the finite size Kuramoto model amounts to solving a nonlinear system of equations, which is an important yet challenging problem. We translate this into an algebraic geometry problem and use numerical methods to find all of the equilibria for various choices of coupling constants K, natural frequencies, and on different graphs. We note that for even modest sizes (N ~ 10-20), the number of equilibria is already more than 100,000. We analyze the stability of each computed equilibrium as well as the configuration of angles. Our exploration of the equilibrium landscape leads to unexpected and possibly surprising results including non-monotonicity in the number of equilibria, a predictable pattern in the indices of equilibria, counter-examples to popular conjectures, multi-stable equilibrium landscapes, scenarios with only unstable equilibria, and multiple distinct extrema in the stable equilibrium distribution as a function of the number of cycles in the graph.
description: 6 pages, 12 figures. Added a reference and corrected typos
Gedanken eines Arztes über das Geheimnis der Menschwerdung
Creators: name: Büchner, Franz
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 2 Nr. 4 (1973): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 2, Heft 4
Explainable Image Similarity: Integrating Siamese Networks and Grad-CAM
Creators: name: Livieris, Ioannis E.
name: Pintelas, Emmanuel
name: Kiriakidou, Niki
name: Pintelas, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68T45, 68T07

description: With the proliferation of image-based applications in various domains, the need for accurate and interpretable image similarity measures has become increasingly critical. Existing image similarity models often lack transparency, making it challenging to understand the reasons why two images are considered similar. In this paper, we propose the concept of explainable image similarity, where the goal is the development of an approach, which is capable of providing similarity scores along with visual factual and counterfactual explanations. Along this line, we present a new framework, which integrates Siamese Networks and Grad-CAM for providing explainable image similarity and discuss the potential benefits and challenges of adopting this approach. In addition, we provide a comprehensive discussion about factual and counterfactual explanations provided by the proposed framework for assisting decision making. The proposed approach has the potential to enhance the interpretability, trustworthiness and user acceptance of image-based systems in real-world image similarity applications. The implementation code can be found in https://github.com/ioannislivieris/Grad_CAM_Siamese.git.
description: The manuscript has been accepted for publication in "Journal of Imaging"
242. A systematic review and meta-analysis of models to predict the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis
Creators: name: Junek1, Mats
name: Hu3, Angela
name: Jessome1, Matt
name: Koh1, Deborah
name: Foroutan2, Farid
name: Garner1, Stephanie
name: Khalidi1, Nader
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Vasculitis
ANCA
Abstracts
Giant Cell Arthritis
MPA
GPA
EGPA
Takayasu
IgA vasculitis

description: Objectives: The diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) can be difficult in individuals with inconclusive symptoms and inflammatory markers. Temporal artery biopsy (TAB), while often thought of as the gold standard, may miss a proportion of diagnoses. As such, many diagnostic models incorporating various predictors have been developed to assist clinicians in predicting a diagnosis of GCA with varying utility. This systematic review seeks to analyze these models to understand common and stable predictors of a diagnosis of GCA, understand their rigor, and determine how different criteria can alter the diagnosis of GCA. Methods: We performed a literature from January 1990 to May 2020 for studies that used a model to diagnose giant cell arteritis. Studies with models that had fewer than three variables or 30 people were excluded. Abstract screening, data extraction, and risk of bias were performed by two independent reviewers for each study. Study characteristics, patient characteristics, method of and criteria for diagnosis, and model details were extracted and summarized. Meta-analysis of individual signs and symptoms was performed using generic inverse variance. The PROBAST tool was used to assess risk of bias in each individual study. Results: We screened 1 446 abstracts and included 34 studies using data from 11 countries. 42 diagnostic models were identified. A total of 13 388 patients, 12 570 TABs, and 3 718 diagnoses of GCA were included. 22 studies required TAB positivity to diagnose GCA, 7 diagnosed using a composite of clinical and investigative findings, and 4 only required clinical findings. Rates of diagnosis of GCA were 25.0%, 39.0%, and 44.9% in each group respectively; Rates of TAB positive diagnoses was 98.2%, 53.7%, and 69.8%. There were 82.9% more diagnoses of GCA when using composite criteria over TAB positivity alone. Jaw claudication and Temporal changes were most associated with a diagnosis of GCA, however there were more predictive of TAB positive GCA than a clinical diagnoses, whereas headache and vision loss were more associated with non-TAB based diagnoses of GCA. 22 studies were at high risk of model bias and 4 were low risk. Conclusions: Models used to predict a diagnosis of GCA are of variable methodological quality and are largely dependent on using TAB positivity as a gold standard for a diagnosis of GCA. Despite this, predictors of GCA are consistent. Future models should focus on validation and use diagnostic standards that include composite criteria that reflect current practice. Disclosures: NK – Trial support from Roche, BMS, Sanofi, Abbvie. All others - None
Über einige Widersprüche im zeitgenössischen Katholizismus
Creators: name: Roegele, Otto Bernhard
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 2 Nr. 4 (1973): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 2, Heft 4
Neutron scattering as a probe for unconventional superconducting states
Creators: name: Lu, J.P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: We show that in the unconventional pairing state of a superconductor, i.e., the state with nodes in its excitation spectrum, the dynamical structure factor S(q,) has anomalous resonance peaks in q space. These resonance peaks are due to quasiparticle scattering between different nodes on the Fermi surface. The symmetry of the order parameter and the Fermi-surface geometry uniquely determine the resonance pattern. Observation of such peaks by neutron scattering will unambiguously determine the symmetry of the superconducting pairing state. Quantitative calculations are carried out in two dimensions to demonstrate this unusual effect. Applications to high-Tc oxide superconductors are discussed.
Osteoporosis - causes of development, classification, symptoms, treatment and prevention
Creators: name: Abbosxo'jayeva Marhabo, Boymurodova Dildora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Annotation: Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle — so brittle that a fall or even mild stresses such as bending over or coughing can cause a break. Osteoporosis-related breaks most commonly occur in the hip, wrist or spine. Bone is living tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced. Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up with the loss of old bone.

Key words: skeleton, smoking, alcohl, osteoporosis, disease, symptom, classification, metobolic, male, female, gender.
Bending rigidities and interdomain forces in membranes with coexisting lipid domains
Creators: name: Kollmitzer, Benjamin
name: Heftberger, Peter
name: Podgornik, Rudolf
name: Nagle, John F.
name: Pabst, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to precisely quantify the fundamental interactions between heterogeneous lipid membranes with coexisting liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) domains, we performed detailed osmotic stress SAXS experiments by exploiting the domain alignment in raft-mimicking lipid multibilayers. Performing a Monte Carlo (MC) based analysis allowed us to determine with high reliability the magnitude and functional dependence of interdomain forces concurrently with the bending elasticity moduli. In contrast to previous methodologies, this approach enabled us to consider the entropic undulation repulsions on a fundamental level, without having to take recourse to crudely justified mean-field like additivity assumptions. Our detailed Hamaker coefficient calculations indicated only small differences in the van der Waals attractions of coexisting Lo and Ld phases. In contrast, the repulsive hydration and undulation interactions differed significantly, with the latter dominating the overall repulsions in the Ld phase. Therefore, alignment of like domains in multibilayers appears to originate from both, hydration and undulation repulsions.
description: 51 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables because supplementary information (SI) got attached to the end of the manuscript. Changes: Introduction enlarged to enrease readability, a few points got clarified in the Materials & methods, rationale for the presence of Lo/Ld phases added, main text and SI merged into one file; results and conclusions are unchanged. Submitted to Biophysical Journal