cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Exploiting prokaryotic nucleotide excision repair as a novel antimicrobial target for combinatorial therapies in cancer patients
Creators: name: Bernacchia, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: Infections are a group of pathologies which are increasing in severity due to the lack of new therapeutic approaches and the concomitant rise of antimicrobial resistance. This issue is particularly concerning in cancer patients who are often immunocompromised as a side effect of chemotherapy. Most anticancer treatments target rapidly dividing cancerous cells but also hit immune system cells and bacteria. Bacteria, however, possess efficient DNA repair systems that allow them to escape otherwise lethal damage. In this thesis, we evaluated strategies to extend the cytotoxic activity of DNA-damaging agents to bacteria by inhibiting nucleotide excision repair (NER), a central prokaryotic DNA repair system responsible for recognising various damages. We began our study with ATBC, the first effective NER inhibitor in mycobacteria, to understand its mechanism of action and molecular target. We confirmed its activity on Escherichia Coli and used in silico tools to predict its binding to UvrA, the first responder in the NER pathway. We then confirmed this activity in vitro by directly measuring UvrA's ATP turnover and its compromised DNA binding ability. Furthermore, we evaluated the compound's ability to inhibit the activity of the entire UvrABC complex through an incision assay. This data provided the rationale for moving forward in our study. We designed two screening approaches to develop novel NER inhibitors to be used alongside the widely used anticancer drug cisplatin. We screened an FDA-approved drug library composed of ~3000 compounds in combination with cisplatin as well as virtually screening ~120000 compounds directly against UvrA ATP-binding pockets. The hits that emerged from this approach were subjected to a wide range of in vivo, biochemical, in silico and single molecule studies to confirm NER as a molecular target and to elucidate their mechanism of action. We highlighted 8 principal candidates, among which 5 showed increased antibacterial activity against a clinically relevant E. coli strain responsible for multidrug-resistant infections. In doing so, we have taken the first step in developing a novel antimicrobial approach that could represent a valuable tool in fighting co-infections in cancer patients.
Detecting Singleton Review Spammers Using Semantic Similarity
Creators: name: Sandulescu, Vlad
name: Ester, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.7.0; J.4

description: Online reviews have increasingly become a very important resource for consumers when making purchases. Though it is becoming more and more difficult for people to make well-informed buying decisions without being deceived by fake reviews. Prior works on the opinion spam problem mostly considered classifying fake reviews using behavioral user patterns. They focused on prolific users who write more than a couple of reviews, discarding one-time reviewers. The number of singleton reviewers however is expected to be high for many review websites. While behavioral patterns are effective when dealing with elite users, for one-time reviewers, the review text needs to be exploited. In this paper we tackle the problem of detecting fake reviews written by the same person using multiple names, posting each review under a different name. We propose two methods to detect similar reviews and show the results generally outperform the vectorial similarity measures used in prior works. The first method extends the semantic similarity between words to the reviews level. The second method is based on topic modeling and exploits the similarity of the reviews topic distributions using two models: bag-of-words and bag-of-opinion-phrases. The experiments were conducted on reviews from three different datasets: Yelp (57K reviews), Trustpilot (9K reviews) and Ott dataset (800 reviews).
description: 6 pages, WWW 2015
Phase separation for the long range one--dimensional ising model
Creators: name: Cassandro, Marzio
name: Merola, Immacolata
name: Picco, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the phase separation problem for the one--dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model with long--range two--body interaction, $J(n)=n^{-2+\a}$ where $n\in \N$ denotes the distance of the two spins and $ α\in ]0,\a_+[$ with $\a_+=(\log 3)/(\log 2) -1$. We prove that given $m\in ]-1,+1[$, if the temperature is small enough, then typical configuration for the $μ^{+}$ Gibbs measure conditionally to have a empirical magnetization of the order $m$ are made of a single interval that occupy almost a proportion $\frac{1}{2}(1-\frac{m}{m_\b})$ of the volume with the minus phase inside and the rest of the volume is the plus phase, here $m_\b>0 $ is the spontaneous magnetization.
Efficient Smoothed Concomitant Lasso Estimation for High Dimensional Regression
Creators: name: Ndiaye, Eugene
name: Fercoq, Olivier
name: Gramfort, Alexandre
name: Leclère, Vincent
name: Salmon, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62J05, 90C25, 90C06

description: In high dimensional settings, sparse structures are crucial for efficiency, both in term of memory, computation and performance. It is customary to consider $\ell_1$ penalty to enforce sparsity in such scenarios. Sparsity enforcing methods, the Lasso being a canonical example, are popular candidates to address high dimension. For efficiency, they rely on tuning a parameter trading data fitting versus sparsity. For the Lasso theory to hold this tuning parameter should be proportional to the noise level, yet the latter is often unknown in practice. A possible remedy is to jointly optimize over the regression parameter as well as over the noise level. This has been considered under several names in the literature: Scaled-Lasso, Square-root Lasso, Concomitant Lasso estimation for instance, and could be of interest for confidence sets or uncertainty quantification. In this work, after illustrating numerical difficulties for the Smoothed Concomitant Lasso formulation, we propose a modification we coined Smoothed Concomitant Lasso, aimed at increasing numerical stability. We propose an efficient and accurate solver leading to a computational cost no more expansive than the one for the Lasso. We leverage on standard ingredients behind the success of fast Lasso solvers: a coordinate descent algorithm, combined with safe screening rules to achieve speed efficiency, by eliminating early irrelevant features.
Predicting the future relevance of research institutions - The winning solution of the KDD Cup 2016
Creators: name: Sandulescu, Vlad
name: Chiru, Mihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The world's collective knowledge is evolving through research and new scientific discoveries. It is becoming increasingly difficult to objectively rank the impact research institutes have on global advancements. However, since the funding, governmental support, staff and students quality all mirror the projected quality of the institution, it becomes essential to measure the affiliation's rating in a transparent and widely accepted way. We propose and investigate several methods to rank affiliations based on the number of their accepted papers at future academic conferences. We carry out our investigation using publicly available datasets such as the Microsoft Academic Graph, a heterogeneous graph which contains various information about academic papers. We analyze several models, starting with a simple probabilities-based method and then gradually expand our training dataset, engineer many more features and use mixed models and gradient boosted decision trees models to improve our predictions.
description: 6 pages, KDD 2016, KDD Cup 2016
Cumulative Stay-time Representation for Electronic Health Records in Medical Event Time Prediction
Creators: name: Katsuki, Takayuki
name: Miyaguchi, Kohei
name: Koseki, Akira
name: Iwamori, Toshiya
name: Yanagiya, Ryosuke
name: Suzuki, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We address the problem of predicting when a disease will develop, i.e., medical event time (MET), from a patient's electronic health record (EHR). The MET of non-communicable diseases like diabetes is highly correlated to cumulative health conditions, more specifically, how much time the patient spent with specific health conditions in the past. The common time-series representation is indirect in extracting such information from EHR because it focuses on detailed dependencies between values in successive observations, not cumulative information. We propose a novel data representation for EHR called cumulative stay-time representation (CTR), which directly models such cumulative health conditions. We derive a trainable construction of CTR based on neural networks that has the flexibility to fit the target data and scalability to handle high-dimensional EHR. Numerical experiments using synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that CTR alone achieves a high prediction performance, and it enhances the performance of existing models when combined with them.
description: To be published in IJCAI-22
Frustration shapes multi-channel Kondo physics: a star graph perspective
Creators: name: Patra, Siddhartha
name: Mukherjee, Abhirup
name: Mukherjee, Anirban
name: Vidhyadhiraja, N. S.
name: Taraphder, A.
name: Lal, Siddhartha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the overscreened multi-channel Kondo (MCK) model using the recently developed unitary renormalization group (URG) technique. Our results display the importance of ground state degeneracy in explaining various important properties like the breakdown of screening and the presence of local non-Fermi liquids. The impurity susceptibility of the intermediate coupling fixed point Hamiltonian in the zero-bandwidth (or star graph) limit shows a power-law divergence at low temperature, signalling its critical nature. Despite the absence of inter-channel coupling in the MCK fixed point Hamiltonian, the study of mutual information between any two channels shows non-zero correlation between them. A spectral flow analysis of the star graph reveals that the degenerate ground state manifold possesses topological quantum numbers. The low energy effective Hamiltonian obtained upon adding a finite non-zero conduction bath dispersion to the star graph Hamiltonian for both the two and three-channel cases displays the presence of local non-Fermi liquids arising from inter-channel quantum fluctuations. Discontinuous behaviour is observed in several measures of ground state entanglement, signalling the underlying orthogonality catastrophe associated with the degenerate ground state manifold. We extend our results to underscreened and perfectly screened MCK models through duality arguments. A study of channel anisotropy under renormalisation flow reveals a series of quantum phase transitions due to the change in ground state degeneracy. Our work thus presents a template for the study of how a degenerate ground state manifold arising from symmetry and duality properties in a multichannel quantum impurity model can lead to novel multicritical phases at intermediate coupling.
description: 39 pages, 24 Figures, 123 References; Supplementary Materials attached
An Exploration of Factors Associated with the Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Chronic Heart Failure: A mixed methods study
Creators: name: Bernhardt, Lizelle
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a comorbidity that is prevalent in chronic heart failure (CHF) and associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. As it is largely under diagnosed and under treated, the overarching aim of this thesis was to explore factors associated with the diagnosis and treatment of OSA in patients with CHF, with a focus on the diagnostic accuracy of existing screening questionnaires, perceived barriers and enablers from CHF patients’ and clinicians’ perspectives, and clinician knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices. In the first study, the accuracy and clinical utility of existing OSA screening questionnaires were evaluated and compared. While the STOP-Bang questionnaire had a high sensitivity to detect OSA in both the sleep clinic and surgical cohorts, it lacked specificity. In the second study, the diagnostic accuracy of the STOP-Bang questionnaire was evaluated in a sleep clinic cohort with co-existing CHF. Findings indicated a high sensitivity of the STOP-Bang questionnaire to detect OSA in a sleep clinic population with co-existing CHF, however, precision of these findings was limited by a small sample size. In the third study, qualitative analysis of interviews was utilised to explore perceived barriers to and enablers of the diagnosis and treatment of OSA from CHF patients’ and clinicians’ perspectives. Several barriers and enablers were identified across the OSA diagnostic pathway. In the fourth study, an online survey evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practice of heart failure clinicians. Results demonstrated a knowledge deficit in the diagnosis and treatment of OSA and variable practice among HF clinicians. This thesis highlights several barriers associated with the diagnosis and treatment of OSA in CHF that could form the foundation of targeted interventions to aid the diagnosis and treatment of OSA in CHF, should the evidence change in the future.
Las semiosis de un archivo: Charles S. Peirce para el estudio de trayectorias de conocimiento
Creators: name: Hirschfeld, Eric Hernán
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Los avances de investigación a presentar en este coloquio se corresponden con el andamiaje teórico de una tesis doctoral en curso cuyo objeto, la institucionalización de las carreras de Letras en las universidades públicas argentinas, presenta una serie de singularidades a atender metodológicamente.
title: A New Methodology to Assess the Ecosystem Service Potential of Urban Rivers in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Hack, Jochen
Publisher: name: AEES
Year: 2023

description: Natural rivers in urban areas bear significant potential to provide ecosystem services for surrounding inhabitants. However, surface sealing by houses and street networks, urban drainage, disposal of waste and wastewater resulting from advancing urbanization usually lead to deterioration of urban rivers and their riparian areas. This ultimately results in the loss of ecosystem service provision. This paper presents an innovative methodology for a rapid and low-cost assessment of the ecological status of urban rivers and riparian areas in developing countries under data scarcity conditions. The methodology uses a combination of low-cost field data and freely available high resolution satellite images to assess three ecological status categories: river hydromorphology, water quality and riparian land cover. The focus here is on the assessment of proxies for biophysical structures and processes representing ecological functioning that enable urban rivers and riparian areas to provide ecosystem services. These proxies represent a combination of remote sensing land cover- and field-based indicators. Finally, the three ecological status categories are combined to quantify the potential of 100 m river sections to provide regulating ecosystem service. The development and application of the methodology is demonstrated and visualized for each 100 m section of the Pochote River in the City of León, Nicaragua. This spatially distributed information of ecosystem service potential of individual sections of the urban river and riparian areas can serve as an important information for decision making considering the protection, future use and city development of these areas as well as the targeted and tailor-made development of nature-based solutions such as green infrastructure.
Jamming of semiflexible polymers
Creators: name: Hoy, Robert S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study jamming in model freely rotating polymers as a function of chain length $N$ and bond angle $θ_0$. The volume fraction at jamming, $ϕ_J(θ_0)$, is minimal for rigid-rod-like chains ($θ_0 = 0$), and increases monotonically with increasing $θ_0 \leq π/2$. In contrast to flexible polymers, marginally jammed states of freely rotating polymers are highly hypostatic, even when bond and angle constraints are accounted for. Large aspect ratio (small $θ_0$) chains behave comparably to stiff fibers: resistance to large-scale bending plays a major role in their jamming phenomenology. Low aspect ratio (large $θ_0$) chains behave more like flexible polymers, but still jam at much lower densities due to the presence of frozen-in 3-body correlations corresponding to the fixed bond angles. Long-chain systems jam at lower $ϕ$ and are more hypostatic at jamming than short-chain systems. Implications of these findings for polymer solidification are discussed.
Devenires del archivo doméstico en proyectos audiovisuales: correspondencia a La casa en llamas
Creators: name: Restrepo, Sebastián Rúa
name: Gil, Juan José Arias
name: Cardona, Julián David Saldarriaga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Art

description: Devenires del archivo doméstico en proyectos audiovisuales: correspondencia a La casa en llamas En el año 2021 se implementó una investigación a través de un laboratorio dirigido a jóvenes creadores de Antioquia (departamento de Colombia), pertenecientes a la población LGBTIQ+ para la construcción de un producto colectivo, donde cada participante desarrolló un proceso de creación de archivo audiovisual desde las memorias domésticas y familiares con un enfoque micropolítico. Este proyecto fue ejecutado gracias a la convocatoria en realización de procesos formativos en cine del Instituto de Patrimonio y Cultura de Antioquia, la máxima entidad cultural del gobierno departamental.
Signatures of non-local conductivity in near-field microscopy
Creators: name: Khavronin, Mikhail
name: Svintsov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and theoretically substantiate a new method to study the non-local conductivity of two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) using the tools of near-field microscopy. We show that the height dependence of induced dipole moment of illuminated near-field probe is substantially different for various transport regimes of charge carriers in 2DES. For hydrodynamic transport regime, the induced dipole moment scales as $z_0^{-2}$, where $z_0$ is the elevation of probe above the 2DES. Both for Drude and classical ballistic regimes of conduction, the dipole moment scales as $z_0^{-3}$. In the former case, the dipole moment is carrier density-independent, while in the latter it largely depends on carrier density. More generally, we find that the induced dipole moment of the probe is proportional to the Laplace transform of wave-vector dependent conductivity and inverse dielectric function of 2DES over the wave vectors $q$. Our results should provide a simple tool for studies of non-local conductivity in solids that was challenging to address with other techniques.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Wars Without Beginning or End: Violent Political Organizations and Irregular Warfare in the Sahel-Sahara
Creators: name: Walther, Olivier
name: Leuprecht, Christian
name: Skillicorn, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: E.1
subject: 91D30, 62M15

description: This article examines the structure and spatial patterns of violent political organizations in the Sahel-Sahara, a region characterized by growing political instability over the last 20 years. Drawing on a public collection of disaggregated data, the article uses network science to represent alliances and conflicts of 179 organizations that were involved in violent events between 1997 and 2014. To this end, we combine two spectral embedding techniques that have previously been considered separately: one for directed graphs (relationships are asymmetric), and one for signed graphs (relationships are positive or negative). Our result show that groups that are net attackers are indistinguishable at the level of their individual behavior, but clearly separate into pro- and anti-political violence based on the groups to which they are close. The second part of the article maps a series of 389 events related to nine Trans-Saharan Islamist groups between 2004 and 2014. Spatial analysis suggests that cross-border movement has intensified following the establishment of military bases by AQIM in Mali but reveals no evidence of a border sanctuary. Owing to the transnational nature of conflict, the article shows that national management strategies and foreign military interventions have profoundly affected the movement of Islamist groups.
Ultrafast Image Categorization in Biology and Neural Models
Creators: name: Jérémie, Jean-Nicolas
name: Perrinet, Laurent U
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Humans are able to categorize images very efficiently, in particular to detect the presence of an animal very quickly. Recently, deep learning algorithms based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved higher than human accuracy for a wide range of visual categorization tasks. However, the tasks on which these artificial networks are typically trained and evaluated tend to be highly specialized and do not generalize well, e.g., accuracy drops after image rotation. In this respect, biological visual systems are more flexible and efficient than artificial systems for more general tasks, such as recognizing an animal. To further the comparison between biological and artificial neural networks, we re-trained the standard VGG 16 CNN on two independent tasks that are ecologically relevant to humans: detecting the presence of an animal or an artifact. We show that re-training the network achieves a human-like level of performance, comparable to that reported in psychophysical tasks. In addition, we show that the categorization is better when the outputs of the models are combined. Indeed, animals (e.g., lions) tend to be less present in photographs that contain artifacts (e.g., buildings). Furthermore, these re-trained models were able to reproduce some unexpected behavioral observations from human psychophysics, such as robustness to rotation (e.g., an upside-down or tilted image) or to a grayscale transformation. Finally, we quantified the number of CNN layers required to achieve such performance and showed that good accuracy for ultrafast image categorization can be achieved with only a few layers, challenging the belief that image recognition requires deep sequential analysis of visual objects.
Probing the magnetic fields in L1415 and L1389
Creators: name: Soam, A.
name: Lee, Chang Won
name: G., Maheswar
name: Kim, Gwanjeong
name: S., Neha
name: Kim, Mi-Ryang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the R-band polarimetric results towards two nebulae L1415 and L1389 containing low luminosity stars. Aim of this study is to understand the role played by magnetic fields in formation of low luminosity objects. Linear polarization arise due to dichroism of the background starlight projected on the cloud providing the plane-of-the sky magnetic field orientation. The offsets between mean magnetic field directions obtained towards L1415 and L1389 and the projected outflow axes are found to be 35$^{\circ}$ and 12$^{\circ}$, respectively. The offset between cloud minor axes and mean envelope magnetic field direction in L1415 and L1389 are 50$^{\circ}$ and 87$^{\circ}$, respectively. To estimate the magnetic field strength by using the updated Chandrasekhar-Fermi relation, we obtained the $^{12}$CO(J=1-0) line velocity dispersion value towards L1415 cloud using the TRAO single dish observations. The values of B$_{pos}$ in L1415 and L1389 are found to be 28$~μ$G and 149$~μ$G using CF technique and 23$~μ$G and 140$~μ$G using structure function analysis, respectively. The values of B$_{pos}$ in these clouds are found to be consistent using both the techniques. By combining the present results with those obtained from our previous study of magnetic fields in cores with VeLLOs, we attempt to improve the sample of cores with low luminosity protostars and bridge the gap between the understanding of importance of magnetic fields in cores with VeLLOs and low luminosity protostars. The Results of this work and that of our previous work show that the outflow directions are aligned with envelope magnetic fields of the clouds.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Emergent Dynamics of Spacetime and Matter from a Topological Phase
Creators: name: Palumbo, Giandomenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a new theoretical scenario in which both dynamical Dirac fermions and Einstein's gravity with a positive cosmological constant and torsion emerge via a spontaneous symmetry breaking in a topological phase. This phase does not contain any local propagating degrees of freedom and is described by a metric-independent fermionic gauge theory, which is invariant under the de Sitter group. After breaking this group to its Lorentz subgroup through a dynamical Higgs mechanism, we show that fermions become dynamical and massive while the dynamics of the locally Lorentz-invariant spacetime can be induced via the condensation of the spinor field. Within our theory, both the Dirac mass and the Newton's constant of gravitation naturally emerge through well-known physical mechanisms.
description: 4 pages
Chaos in the Takens-Bogdanov bifurcation with O(2) symmetry
Creators: name: Rucklidge, A. M.
name: Knobloch, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37G05, 34C28, 37C29

description: The Takens-Bogdanov bifurcation is a codimension two bifurcation that provides a key to the presence of complex dynamics in many systems of physical interest. When the system is translation-invariant in one spatial dimension with no left-right preference the imposition of periodic boundary conditions leads to the Takens-Bogdanov bifurcation with O(2) symmetry. This bifurcation, analyzed by G. Dangelmayr and E. Knobloch, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London A 322, 243 (1987), describes the interaction between steady states and traveling and standing waves in the nonlinear regime and predicts the presence of modulated traveling waves as well. The analysis reveals the presence of several global bifurcations near which the averaging method (used in the original analysis) fails. We show here, using a combination of numerical continuation and the construction of appropriate return maps, that near the global bifurcation that terminates the branch of modulated traveling waves, the normal form for the Takens-Bogdanov bifurcation admits cascades of period-doubling bifurcations as well as chaotic dynamics of Shil'nikov type. Thus chaos is present arbitrarily close to the codimension two point.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Dynamical Systems: An International Journal
Developing sustainable tourism destinations through smart technologies: A system dynamics approach
Creators: name: Shafiee, Sanaz
name: Jahanyan, Saeed
name: Ghatari, Ali Rajabzadeh
name: Hasanzadeh, Alireza
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 80699
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 19999
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Smart tourism destinations can be considered as a system consisting of a complex set of variables. Developing sustainable destinations through smart technologies requires effective policies to be identified prior to any investment decision making. So, System Dynamics is a good method to see how a set of complex and dynamic variables influence eachother and shape the behaviour of the system and its components over time. In this research a dynamic model is devised to simulate developing smart tourism destinations via smart technologies. The results suggest that about 10 million tourists would be expected to come by 2025 if existing situation persists. The results of this study help to make strategic decisions by policymakers by predicting the behaviour of variables of different subsystems. This study provides a reilable tool to evaluate different policies for realizing tourism sustainability.
Halpha imaging survey of Wolf-Rayet galaxies: morphologies and star formation rates
Creators: name: Jaiswal, Sumit
name: Omar, Amitesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Halpha and optical broadband images of 25 nearby Wolf-Rayet (WR) galaxies are presented. The WR galaxies are known to have the presence of a recent ($\le$10 Myr) and massive star formation episode. The photometric Halpha fluxes are estimated, and corrected for extinction and line contamination in the filter pass-bands. The star formation rates (SFRs) are estimated using Halpha images and from the archival data in the far-ultraviolet (FUV), far-infrared (FIR) and 1.4 GHz radio continuum wave-bands. A comparison of SFRs estimated from different wavebands is made after including similar data available in literature for other WR galaxies. The Halpha based SFRs are found to be tightly correlated with SFRs estimated from the FUV data. The correlations also exist with SFRs estimates based on the radio and FIR data. The WR galaxies also follow the radio-FIR correlation known for normal star forming galaxies, although it is seen here that majority of dwarf WR galaxies have radio deficiency. An analysis using ratio of non-thermal to thermal radio continuum and ratio of FUV to Halpha SFR indicates that WR galaxies have lesser non-thermal radio emission compared to normal galaxies, most likely due to lack of supernova from the very young star formation episode in the WR galaxies. The morphologies of 16 galaxies in our sample are highly suggestive of an ongoing tidal interaction or a past merger in these galaxies. This survey strengthens the conclusions obtained from previous similar studies indicating the importance of tidal interactions in triggering star-formation in WR galaxies.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Monte-Carlo approach to calculate the proton stopping in warm dense matter within particle-in-cell simulations
Creators: name: Wu, D.
name: He, X. T.
name: Yu, W.
name: Fritzsche, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Monte-Carlo approach to proton stopping in warm dense matter is implemented into an existing particle-in-cell code. The model is based on multiple binary-collisions among electron-electron, electron-ion and ion-ion, taking into account contributions from both free and bound electrons, and allows to calculate particle stopping in much more natural manner. At low temperature limit, when ``all'' electron are bounded at the nucleus, the stopping power converges to the predictions of Bethe-Bloch theory, which shows good consistency with data provided by the NIST. With the rising of temperatures, more and more bound electron are ionized, thus giving rise to an increased stopping power to cold matter, which is consistent with the report of a recently experimental measurement [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 215002 (2015)]. When temperature is further increased, with ionizations reaching the maximum, lowered stopping power is observed, which is due to the suppression of collision frequency between projected proton beam and hot plasmas in the target.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
dewolf: Improving Decompilation by leveraging User Surveys
Creators: name: Enders, Steffen
name: Behner, Eva-Maria C.
name: Bergmann, Niklas
name: Rybalka, Mariia
name: Padilla, Elmar
name: Hui, Er Xue
name: Low, Henry
name: Sim, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Analyzing third-party software such as malware or firmware is a crucial task for security analysts. Although various approaches for automatic analysis exist and are the subject of ongoing research, analysts often have to resort to manual static analysis to get a deep understanding of a given binary sample. Since the source code of encountered samples is rarely available, analysts regularly employ decompilers for easier and faster comprehension than analyzing a binary's disassembly. In this paper, we introduce our decompilation approach dewolf. We developed a variety of improvements over the previous academic state-of-the-art decompiler and some novel algorithms to enhance readability and comprehension, focusing on manual analysis. To evaluate our approach and to obtain a better insight into the analysts' needs, we conducted three user surveys. The results indicate that dewolf is suitable for malware comprehension and that its output quality noticeably exceeds Ghidra and Hex-Rays in certain aspects. Furthermore, our results imply that decompilers aiming at manual analysis should be highly configurable to respect individual user preferences. Additionally, future decompilers should not necessarily follow the unwritten rule to stick to the code-structure dictated by the assembly in order to produce readable output. In fact, the few cases where dewolf already cracks this rule lead to its results considerably exceeding other decompilers. We publish a prototype implementation of dewolf and all survey results on GitHub.
HAPC table of results
Creators: name: Jones, Phil Mike
name: Minton, Jon
name: Bell, Andrew
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Table of results for all countries. Supplementary material for https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01498-3
description: The authors wish to acknowledge funding received from the British Academy Skills Innovator Award, award reference SK150011
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Asymmetry in Gas Kinematics and its links to Stellar Mass and Star Formation
Creators: name: Bloom, J. V.
name: Fogarty, L. M. R.
name: Croom, S. M.
name: Schaefer, A.
name: Bryant, J. J.
name: Cortese, L.
name: Richards, S.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Ho, I-T.
name: Scott, N.
name: Goldstein, G.
name: Medling, A.
name: Brough, S.
name: Sweet, S. M.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Lopez-Sanchez, A.
name: Glazebrook, K.
name: Parker, Q.
name: Allen, J. T.
name: Goodwin, M.
name: Green, A. W.
name: Konstantopoulos, I. S.
name: Lawrence, J. S.
name: Lorente, N.
name: Owers, M. S.
name: Sharp, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of kinematically disturbed galaxies in the SAMI Galaxy Survey using a quantitative criterion, based on kinemetry (Krajnovic et al.). The approach, similar to the application of kinemetry by Shapiro et al. uses ionised gas kinematics, probed by Hα emission. By this method 23+/-7% of our 360-galaxy sub-sample of the SAMI Galaxy Survey are kinematically asymmetric. Visual classifications agree with our kinemetric results for 90% of asymmetric and 95% of normal galaxies. We find stellar mass and kinematic asymmetry are inversely correlated and that kinematic asymmetry is both more frequent and stronger in low-mass galaxies. This builds on previous studies that found high fractions of kinematic asymmetry in low mass galaxies using a variety of different methods. Concentration of star forma- tion and kinematic disturbance are found to be correlated, confirming results found in previous work. This effect is stronger for high mass galaxies (log(M*) > 10) and indicates that kinematic disturbance is linked to centrally concentrated star formation. Comparison of the inner (within 0.5Re) and outer Hα equivalent widths of asymmetric and normal galaxies shows a small but significant increase in inner equivalent width for asymmetric galaxies.
description: 29 pages, 21 figures
RoMFAC: A robust mean-field actor-critic reinforcement learning against adversarial perturbations on states
Creators: name: Zhou, Ziyuan
name: Liu, Guanjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning makes optimal decisions dependent on system states observed by agents, but any uncertainty on the observations may mislead agents to take wrong actions. The Mean-Field Actor-Critic reinforcement learning (MFAC) is well-known in the multi-agent field since it can effectively handle a scalability problem. However, it is sensitive to state perturbations that can significantly degrade the team rewards. This work proposes a Robust Mean-field Actor-Critic reinforcement learning (RoMFAC) that has two innovations: 1) a new objective function of training actors, composed of a \emph{policy gradient function} that is related to the expected cumulative discount reward on sampled clean states and an \emph{action loss function} that represents the difference between actions taken on clean and adversarial states; and 2) a repetitive regularization of the action loss, ensuring the trained actors to obtain excellent performance. Furthermore, this work proposes a game model named a State-Adversarial Stochastic Game (SASG). Despite the Nash equilibrium of SASG may not exist, adversarial perturbations to states in the RoMFAC are proven to be defensible based on SASG. Experimental results show that RoMFAC is robust against adversarial perturbations while maintaining its competitive performance in environments without perturbations.
Spin accumulation in disordered topological insulator thin films
Creators: name: Siu, Zhuo Bin
name: Son, Ho Cong
name: Jalil, Mansoor bin Abdul
name: Tan, Seng Ghee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological insulator (TI) thin films differ from the more commonly studied semi-infinite bulk TIs in that the former possesses both top and bottom surfaces where the surface states localized at different surfaces can couple to one another due to the finite thickness of the film. In the presence of an in-plane mangnetization TI thin films display two distinct phases depending on which of the inter-surface coupling or the magnetization is stronger. In this work, we consider a TI thin film system with an in-plane magnetization and calculate numerically the resulting spin accumulation on both surfaces of the film due to an in-plane electric field to linear order. We describe a numerical scheme for performing the Kubo calculation calculation in which we include impurity scattering and vertex corrections. We find that the sums of the spin accumulation over the two surfaces in the in-plane direction perpendicular to the magnetization, and in the out of plane direction, are antisymmetric in Fermi energy about the charge neutrality point and are non-vanishing only when the symmetry between the top and bottom TI surfaces is broken. The impurity scattering, in general, diminishes the magnitude of the spin accumulation and can also change the sign of the spin accumulation at some Fermi energies where the accumulation is small.
Holopelagic Sargassum aggregations provide warmer microhabitats for associated fauna
Creators: name: Gulick, Alexandra
name: Constant, Nerine
name: Bolten, Alan
name: Bjorndal, Karen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Holopelagic Sargassum
Sargassum natans
Sargassum fluitans
Thermal microclimates

description: Drifting aggregations of Sargassum algae provide critical habitat for endemic, endangered, and commercially important species. They may also provide favorable microclimates for associated fauna. To quantify thermal characteristics of holopelagic Sargassum aggregations, we evaluated thermal profiles of 50 aggregations in situ in the Sargasso Sea. Sea surface temperature (SST) in the center of aggregations was significantly higher than in nearby open water, and SST differential was independent of aggregation volume, area, and thickness. SST differential between aggregation edge and open water was smaller than those between aggregation center and aggregation edge and between aggregation center and open water. Water temperature was significantly higher inside and below aggregations compared to open water but did not vary inside aggregations with depth. Holopelagic Sargassum aggregations provide warmer microhabitats for associated fauna, which may benefit marine ectotherms, though temperature differentials were narrow (up to 0.7 °C) over the range of aggregation sizes we encountered (area 0.01–15 m2). We propose a hypothetical curve describing variation in SST differential with Sargassum aggregation size as a prediction for future studies to evaluate across temporal and geographic ranges. Our study provides a foundation for investigating the importance of thermal microhabitats in holopelagic Sargassum ecosystems.
description: Funding provided by: Jeffrey & Monette Fitzsimmons Fund (Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research)*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number: Funding provided by: Greenpeace USA*
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description: Please see associated metadata file.
All-order Resurgence from Complexified Path Integral in a Quantum Mechanical System with Integrability
Creators: name: Fujimori, Toshiaki
name: Kamata, Syo
name: Misumi, Tatsuhiro
name: Nitta, Muneto
name: Sakai, Norisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss all-order transseries in one of the simplest quantum mechanical systems: a U(1) symmetric single-degree-of-freedom system with a first-order time derivative term. Following the procedure of the Lefschetz thimble method, we explicitly evaluate the path integral for the generating function of the Noether charge and derive its exact transseries expression. Using the conservation law, we find all the complex saddle points of the action, which are responsible for the non-perturbative effects and the resurgence structure of the model. The all-order power-series contributions around each saddle point are generated from the one-loop determinant with the help of the differential equations obeyed by the generating function. The transseries are constructed by summing up the contributions from all the relevant saddle points, which we identify by determining the intersection numbers between the dual thimbles and the original path integration contour. We confirm that the Borel ambiguities of the perturbation series are canceled by the non-perturbative ambiguities originating from the discontinuous jumps of the intersection numbers. The transseries computed in the path-integral formalism agrees with the exact generating function, whose explicit form can be obtained in the operator formalism thanks to the integrable nature of the model. This agreement indicates the non-perturbative completeness of the transseries obtained by the semi-classical expansion of the path integral based on the Lefschetz thimble method.
description: 36 pages, 7 figures
An oblique pulsar magnetosphere with a plasma conductivity
Creators: name: Cao, Gang
name: Zhang, Li
name: Sun, Sineng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An oblique pulsar magnetosphere with a plasma conductivity is studied by using a pseudo-spectral method. In the pseudo-spectral method, the time-dependent Maxwell equations are solved, both electric and magnetic fields are expanded in terms of the vector spherical harmonic (VSH) functions in spherical geometry and the divergencelessness of magnetic field is analytically enforced by a projection method. The pulsar magnetospheres in infinite (i. e., force-free approximation) and finite conductivities are simulated and a family of solutions that smoothly transition from the Deutsch vacuum solution to the force-free solution are obtained. The $\sin^2α$ dependence of the spin-down luminosity on the magnetic inclination angle $α$ in which the full electric current density are taken into account is retrieved in the force-free regime.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1511.07934
Decays of a bino-like particle in the low-mass regime
Creators: name: Domingo, Florian
name: Dreiner, Herbi K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phenomenology associated with a light bino-like neutralino with mass under the tau mass in the context of the R-parity violating Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. This is a well-motivated example of scenarios producing potentially light and long-lived exotic particles, which might be testable in far-detector experiments, such as the FASER experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. A quantitative assessment of the discovery potential or the extraction of limits run through a detailed understanding of the interactions of the light exotic fermion with Standard Model matter, in particular, the hadronic sector. Here, we propose a systematic analysis of the decays of such a particle and proceed to a model-independent derivation of the low-energy effects, so that this formalism may be transposed to other UV-completions or even stand as an independent effective field theory. We then stress the diversity of the possible phenomenology and more specifically discuss the features associated with the R-parity violating supersymmetric framework, for example neutron-antineutron oscillations.
description: 50 pages, 5 figures