cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High precision X-ray logN-logS distributions: implications for the obscured AGN population
Creators: name: Mateos, S.
name: Warwick, R. S.
name: Carrera, F. J.
name: Stewart, G. C.
name: Ebrero, J.
name: Della Ceca, R.
name: Caccianiga, A.
name: Gilli, R.
name: Page, M. J.
name: Treister, E.
name: Tedds, J. A.
name: Watson, M. G.
name: Lamer, G.
name: Saxton, R. D.
name: Brunner, H.
name: Page, C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constrained the extragalactic source count distributions over a broad range of X-ray fluxes and in various energy bands to test whether the predictions from X-ray background synthesis models agree with the observational constraints provided by our measurements. We have used 1129 XMM-Newton observations at |b|>20 deg covering a sky area of 132.3 deg^2 to compile the largest complete samples of X-ray objects to date in the 0.5-1 keV, 1-2 keV, 2-4.5 keV, 4.5-10 keV, 0.5-2 keV and 2-10 keV energy bands. Our survey includes in excess of 30,000 sources down to ~10^-15 erg/cm^2/s below 2 keV and down to ~10^{-14} erg/cm^2/s above 2 keV. A break in the source count distributions was detected in all energy bands except the 4.5-10 keV band. An analytical model comprising 2 power-law components cannot adequately describe the curvature seen in the source count distributions. The shape of the logN(>S)-logS is strongly dependent on the energy band with a general steepening apparent as we move to higher energies. This is due to non-AGN populations, comprised mainly of stars and clusters of galaxies, contribute up to 30% of the source population at energies <2 keV and at fluxes >10^{-13} erg/cm^2/s, and these populations of objects have significantly flatter source count distributions than AGN. We find a substantial increase in the relative fraction of hard X-ray sources at higher energies, from >55% below 2 keV to >77% above 2 keV. However the majority of sources detected above 4.5 keV still have significant flux below 2 keV. Comparison with predictions from the synthesis models suggest that the models might be overpredicting the number of faint absorbed AGN, which would call for fine adjustment of some model parameters such as the obscured to unobscured AGN ratio and/or the distribution of column densities at intermediate obscuration.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Abridged Abstract. 23 pages, 47 figures, 8 tables
title: Preface -- Annual Doctoral Workshop on Mathematical and Engineering Methods in Computer Science (MEMICS'09)
Creators: name: Hlinený, Petr
name: Matyáš, Václav
name: Vojnar, Tomáš
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: MEMICS 2009

description: The 2009 edition of the International Doctoral Workshop on Mathematical and Engineering Methods in Computer Science (MEMICS'09) is the fifth in a~row of three-day workshops organized in South Moravia by Faculty of Information Technology of Brno University of Technology and Faculty of Informatics of Masaryk University.
MEMICS'09 was held in Znojmo, Czech Republic, on November 13--15, 2009.
description: OASIcs, Vol. 13, Annual Doctoral Workshop on Mathematical and Engineering Methods in Computer Science (MEMICS'09), pages i-vi
Diversity and distribution of drosophilids (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in the Mandakini Valley of Western Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India: an altitudinal and seasonal study
Creators: name: Khali, Sonali
name: Topal, Pragya
name: Dubey, Kanita
name: Rawat, Durga
name: Fartyal, R. S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Uttarakhand is one of the hilly states in the Western-region of Indian Himalaya, home to a vast range of biodiversity. A three-year study (2018–2021) was conducted to assess the drosophilid diversity along an altitudinal gradient and across seasons in the Mandakini valley of the Western Himalayas, Uttarakhand. A total of 37 species of flies belonging to 10 genera were identified, with nine species newly described to science and one as a new record from India. Among the ten genera, Drosophila was predominant with 20 species, followed by Impatiophila with five species, Leucophenga with three species, Liodrosophila and Dichaetophora with two each species, and Lordiphosa, Hirtodrosophila, Mulgravea, Stegana and Zaprionus with one species each. The study showcased a nuanced relationship between elevation and species distribution. As altitude increases, temperature decreases and habitats become increasingly fragmented imposing constraints on the types and abundance of species capable of thriving. Conversely, lower elevation areas exhibited higher population densities but lower species diversity. Additionally, the study unveils the significant impact of seasonal fluctuations on drosophilid population dynamics. The density of drosophilids varied considerably over the seasons (F = 60.56, df = 2, p < 0.001). The distribution of a species or a group of species was uneven in both the temporal and spatial sense.
Non-standard modeling of a possible blue straggler star, KIC 11145123
Creators: name: Hatta, Yoshiki
name: Sekii, Takashi
name: Takata, Masao
name: Benomar, Othman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-standard modeling of KIC 11145123, a possible blue straggler star, has been asteroseismically carried out based on a scheme to compute stellar models with the chemical compositions in their envelopes arbitrarily modified, mimicking effects of some interactions with other stars through which blue straggler stars are thought to be born. We have constructed a non-standard model of the star with the following parameters: $M=1.36M_{\odot}$, $Y_{\mathrm{init}}=0.26$, $Z_{\mathrm{init}}=0.002$, and $f_{\mathrm{ovs}}=0.027$, where $f_{\mathrm{ovs}}$ is the extent of overshooting described as an exponentially decaying diffusive process. The modification is down to the depth of $r/R\sim0.6$ and the extent $ΔX$, which is a difference in surface hydrogen abundance between the envelope-modified and unmodified models, is $0.06$. The residuals between the model and the observed frequencies are comparable with those for the previous models computed assuming standard single-star evolution, suggesting that it is possible that the star was born with an relatively ordinary initial helium abundance of $\sim0.26$ compared with that of the previous models ($\sim0.30$--$0.40$), then experienced some modification of the chemical compositions, and gained helium in the envelope. Detailed analyses of the non-standard model have implied that the elemental diffusion in the deep radiative region of the star might be much weaker than that assumed in current stellar evolutionary calculations; we need some extra mechanisms inside the star, rendering the star a much more intriguing target to be further investigated.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, accepted to ApJ
Corpus-Based Paraphrase Detection Experiments and Review
Creators: name: Vrbanec, Tedo
name: Mestrovic, Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Paraphrase detection is important for a number of applications, including plagiarism detection, authorship attribution, question answering, text summarization, text mining in general, etc. In this paper, we give a performance overview of various types of corpus-based models, especially deep learning (DL) models, with the task of paraphrase detection. We report the results of eight models (LSI, TF-IDF, Word2Vec, Doc2Vec, GloVe, FastText, ELMO, and USE) evaluated on three different public available corpora: Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus, Clough and Stevenson and Webis Crowd Paraphrase Corpus 2011. Through a great number of experiments, we decided on the most appropriate approaches for text pre-processing: hyper-parameters, sub-model selection-where they exist (e.g., Skipgram vs. CBOW), distance measures, and semantic similarity/paraphrase detection threshold. Our findings and those of other researchers who have used deep learning models show that DL models are very competitive with traditional state-of-the-art approaches and have potential that should be further developed.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables
Minimal surfaces in circle bundles over Riemann surfaces
Creators: name: Chacon, Pablo M.
name: Johnson, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A10

description: For a compact 3-manifold $M$ which is a circle bundle over a compact Riemann surface $Σ$ with even Euler number $e(M)$, and with a Riemannian metric compatible with the bundle projection, there exists a compact minimal surface $S$ in $M$. $S$ is embedded and is a section of the restriction of the bundle to the complement of a finite number of points in $Σ$.
description: 8 pages, no figures. Revised version
Moral Foundations, Inequality and Redistribution: Three Empirical Studies
Creators: name: Alahakoon, Prasad
Publisher: name: RMIT University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 380106
subject: Experimental economics

description: Inequality can lead to economic inefficiency as well as social tensions and conflict. Redistribution is a major channel through which inequalities can be reduced. Therefore, it is crucial to have a good understanding of public demand for redistribution. People’s concerns for equality and fairness are explained using social preferences, which are fundamental intrinsic human motivations that drive other-regarding behaviours. While research has found that people’s social and fairness preferences are heterogeneous and stable across time and situations, it is unclear where these preferences come from. This thesis addresses this research problem by examining whether moral foundations can explain inequality and redistribution using three empirical studies. Moral foundations are innate psychological structures with diverse moral content that infants are born with, which subsequently get edited by the virtues of the culture in which a person grows up and by the worldviews they identify. There are six moral foundations: care, equality, proportionality, loyalty, authority, purity. More progressive cultures and worldviews base their moralities on care and equality foundations related to individual rights and welfare (called individualising foundations). In contrast, the moralities of less progressive cultures and worldviews rest heavily on the other four moral foundations that have evolved to tie individuals within groups (called binding foundations). This PhD project uses a composite measure of moral foundations as its main predictor, representing a person’s broader morality based on their concern for individualising foundations over binding foundations. This is referred to as progressivism. Study 1 examined whether moral foundations could predict differences in income inequality across nations and the US. states and found that individualising foundations and progressivism have curvilinear (U-shaped and inverted U-shaped) associations with Gini index values at the macroeconomic level. The second and third studies investigated whether moral foundations could predict people’s preferences for redistribution under different conditions using online experiments with participants from the US. Study 2 found that progressivism leads to more egalitarianism and less inequality acceptance in redistribution, primarily when inequalities are determined by merit. Study 3 found that progressivism leads to less in-group bias in redistribution when in-group bias is based on racial majority or minority identity. The unique contribution of this PhD project is that it shows that moral foundations predict income inequality at the aggregate level and redistribution at the individual level.
Light Speed Variation with Brane/String-Inspired Space-Time Foam
Creators: name: Li, Chengyi
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a series of studies on high energy gamma-ray burst~(GRB) photons suggest a light speed variation with linear energy dependence at the Lorentz violation scale of $3.6 \times 10^{17}~\mathrm{GeV}$, with subluminal propagation of high energy photons in cosmological space. We propose stringy space-time foam as a possible interpretation for this light speed variation. In such a string-inspired scenario, bosonic photon open-string travels \textit{in vacuo} at an infraluminal speed with an energy dependence suppressed by a single power of the string mass scale, due to the foamy structure of space-time at small scales, as described by D-brane objects in string theory. We present a derivation of this deformed propagation speed of the photon field in the infrared (IR) regime. We show that the light speed variation, revealed in the previous studies on GRBs time-delay data, can be well described within such a string approach towards space-time foam. We also derive the value of the effective quantum-gravity mass in this framework, and give a qualitative study on the theory-dependent coefficients. We comment that stringent constraints on Lorentz violation in the photon sector from complementary astrophysical observations can also be explained and understood in the space-time foam context.
description: 10 latex pages, no figure, final version for publication
Modeling iterative reconstruction and displacement field in the large scale structure
Creators: name: Ota, Atsuhisa
name: Seo, Hee-Jong
name: Saito, Shun
name: Beutler, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The next generation of galaxy surveys like the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and Euclid will provide datasets orders of magnitude larger than anything available to date. Our ability to model nonlinear effects in late time matter perturbations will be a key to unlock the full potential of these datasets, and the area of initial condition reconstruction is attracting growing attention. Iterative reconstruction developed in Ref. [1] is a technique designed to reconstruct the displacement field from the observed galaxy distribution. The nonlinear displacement field and initial linear density field are highly correlated. Therefore, reconstructing the nonlinear displacement field enables us to extract the primordial cosmological information better than from the late time density field at the level of the two-point statistics. This paper will test to what extent the iterative reconstruction can recover the true displacement field and construct a perturbation theory model for the postreconstructed field. We model the iterative reconstruction process with Lagrangian perturbation theory~(LPT) up to third order for dark matter in real space and compare it with $N$-body simulations. We find that the simulated iterative reconstruction does not converge to the nonlinear displacement field, and the discrepancy mainly appears in the shift term, i.e., the term correlated directly with the linear density field. On the contrary, our 3LPT model predicts that the iterative reconstruction should converge to the nonlinear displacement field. We discuss the sources of discrepancy, including numerical noise/artifacts on small scales, and present an ad hoc phenomenological model that improves the agreement.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, submitted to PRD
GMC formation by agglomeration and self gravity
Creators: name: Dobbs, Clare
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation of GMCs in spiral galaxies through both agglomeration of clouds in the spiral arms, and self gravity. The simulations presented include two-fluid models, which contain both cold and warm gas, although there is no heating or cooling between them. We find agglomeration is predominant when both the warm and cold components of the ISM are effectively stable to gravitational instabilities. In this case, the spacing (and consequently mass) of clouds and spurs along the spiral arms is determined by the orbits of the gas particles and correlates with their epicyclic radii (or equivalently spiral shock strength). Notably GMCs formed primarily by agglomeration tend to be unbound associations of many smaller clouds, which disperse upon leaving the spiral arms. These GMCs are likely to be more massive in galaxies with stronger spiral shocks or higher surface densities. GMCs formed by agglomeration are also found to exhibit both prograde and retrograde rotation, a consequence of the clumpiness of the gas. At higher surface densities, self gravity becomes more important in arranging both the warm and cold gas into clouds and spurs, and determining the properties of the most massive GMCs. These massive GMCs can be distinguished by their higher angular momentum, exhibit prograde rotation and are more bound. For a 20 M$_{\odot}$ pc$^{-2}$ disc, the spacing between the GMCs fits both the agglomeration and self gravity scenarios, as the maximum unstable wavelength of gravitational perturbations in the warm gas is similar to the spacing found when GMCs form solely by agglomeration.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Version with higher resolution figures available at http://www.astro.ex.ac.uk/people/dobbs/Dobbsgr.pdf
Chang Nai-ch'i and his critics : the interpretation of the Hundred Flowers Movement
Creators: name: Smith, John M
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis is an attempt to examine interpretations of the May-June Hundred Flowers Movement in China in 1957 through the examination of a principal participant among businessmen: Chang Nai-ch'i. The Hundred Flowers Movement is comprised of a series of violent outbursts and extreme statements. The May-June Hundred Flowers Movement was the last act in what might be termed China's Hundred Flowers Period, a period of intellectual liberation concurrent with the "Liberalization" in the Soviet Union. China, like many other socialist states, is a closed society from which information is often difficult to gather. The criticism, as printed in Chinese newspapers and journals, provides detailed information on factional struggles and organizational difficulties found within the Chinese government. The criticism, though often bountiful in number, is short, emotional and takes the form of a vignette. The existence of a source of official criticisms against Chang Nai-ch'i allows for the examination of the actions of a leading Hundred Flowers participant both prior to, and during the Movement. The method used to examine, compile and evaluate criticisms of Chang Nai-ch'i is the frequency chart in which quantitative examination is made of various critics' statements, and the duration of these statements. Through the use of this technique, over forty criticisms of Chang Nai-ch'i found in two Chinese language businessmen's journals are ordered, placed into chronological sequence and evaluated. These criticisms are then examined against existing information, and in particular, Chinese journal and newspaper accounts to examine their significance and validity. The thesis is divided into three chapters examining three chronological groups of criticisms. The first chapter examines criticisms referring to Chang's past (1927-1951), the second examines criticisms of events immediately prior to the Hundred Flowers Movement (1952-1956) and the third examines criticisms pertaining directly to the Hundred Flowers Movement. Existing interpretations of the Hundred Flowers Movement stress the spontaneity of the Movement, the importance of factional differences within the Chinese leadership, and the importance of the emergence of "disturbances" beyond the expectations of the Chinese leadership. An examination of the criticisms of Chang Nai-Ch'i suggests that the Hundred Flowers Movement was not in any sense spontaneous, and that the "disturbances" which led to an about-face by the Chinese leadership, may have been a product of weaknesses within the Chinese political process, weaknesses that were both factional and historical in nature.
Quantum time scales in alpha tunneling
Creators: name: Kelkar, N. G.
name: Castaneda, H. M.
name: Nowakowski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theoretical treatment of alpha decay by Gamow is revisited by investigating the quantum time scales in tunneling. The time spent by an alpha particle in front of the barrier and traversing it before escape is evaluated using microscopic alpha nucleus potentials. The half-life of a nucleus is shown to correspond to the time spent by the alpha knocking in front of the barrier. Calculations for medium and super heavy nuclei show that from a multitude of available tunneling time definitions, the transmission dwell time gives the bulk of the lifetime of the decaying state, in most cases.
description: LaTex, 1 figure, new comments and references added
Mapping Obscuration to Reionization with ALMA (MORA): 2mm Efficiently Selects the Highest-Redshift Obscured Galaxies
Creators: name: Casey, Caitlin M.
name: Zavala, Jorge A.
name: Manning, Sinclaire M.
name: Aravena, Manuel
name: Béthermin, Matthieu
name: Caputi, Karina I.
name: Champagne, Jaclyn B.
name: Clements, David L.
name: Drew, Patrick
name: Finkelstein, Steven L.
name: Fujimoto, Seiji
name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Kokorev, Vasily
name: Lagos, Claudia del P.
name: Long, Arianna S.
name: Magdis, Georgios E.
name: Man, Allison W. S.
name: Mitsuhashi, Ikki
name: Popping, Gergö
name: Spilker, Justin
name: Staguhn, Johannes
name: Talia, Margherita
name: Toft, Sune
name: Treister, Ezequiel
name: Weaver, John R.
name: Yun, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the characteristics of 2mm-selected sources from the largest Atacama Large Millimeter and submillimeter Array (ALMA) blank-field contiguous survey conducted to-date, the Mapping Obscuration to Reionization with ALMA (MORA) survey covering 184arcmin$^2$ at 2mm. Twelve of the thirteen detections above 5$σ$ are attributed to emission from galaxies, eleven of which are dominated by cold dust emission. These sources have a median redshift of $\langle z_{\rm 2mm}\rangle=3.6^{+0.4}_{-0.3}$ primarily based on optical/near-infrared (OIR) photometric redshifts with some spectroscopic redshifts, with 77$\pm$11% of sources at $z>3$ and 38$\pm$12% of sources at $z>4$. This implies that 2mm selection is an efficient method for identifying the highest redshift dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). Lower redshift DSFGs ($z<3$) are far more numerous than those at $z>3$ yet likely to drop out at 2mm. MORA shows that DSFGs with star-formation rates in excess of 300M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and relative rarity of $\sim$10$^{-5}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ contribute $\sim$30% to the integrated star-formation rate density between $32$. Analysis of MORA sources' spectral energy distributions hint at steeper empirically-measured dust emissivity indices than typical literature studies, with $\langleβ\rangle=2.2^{+0.5}_{-0.4}$. The MORA survey represents an important step in taking census of obscured star-formation in the Universe's first few billion years, but larger area 2mm surveys are needed to more fully characterize this rare population and push to the detection of the Universe's first dusty galaxies.
description: 42 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The Spatial Evolution of Stellar Structures in the LMC/SMC
Creators: name: Bastian, N.
name: Gieles, M.
name: Ercolano, B.
name: Gutermuth, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the spatial distribution of various stellar populations within the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. We use optically selected stellar samples with mean ages between ~9 and ~1000 Myr, and existing stellar cluster catalogues to investigate how stellar structures form and evolve within the LMC/SMC. We use two statistical techniques to study the evolution of structure within these galaxies, the $Q$-parameter and the two-point correlation function (TPCF). In both galaxies we find the stars are born with a high degree of substructure (i.e. are highly fractal) and that the stellar distribution approaches that of the 'background' population on timescales similar to the crossing times of the galaxy (~80/150 Myr for the SMC/LMC respectively). By comparing our observations to simple models of structural evolution we find that 'popping star clusters' do not significantly influence structural evolution in these galaxies. Instead we argue that general galactic dynamics are the main drivers, and that substructure will be erased in approximately the crossing time, regardless of spatial scale, from small clusters to whole galaxies. This can explain why many young Galactic clusters have high degrees of substructure, while others are smooth and centrally concentrated. We conclude with a general discussion on cluster 'infant mortality', in an attempt to clarify the time/spatial scales involved.
description: 6 pages, conference contribution to IAU Symposium 256, van Loon J.T. & Oliviera J.M., eds
Effective mapping of spin-1 chains onto integrable fermionic models. A study of string and Neel correlation functions
Creators: name: Boschi, C. Degli Esposti
name: Di Dio, M.
name: Morandi, G.
name: Roncaglia, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the dominant contribution to the large-distance decay of correlation functions for a spin chain model that exhibits both Haldane and Neel phases in its ground state phase diagram. The analytic results are obtained by means of an approximate mapping between a spin-1 anisotropic Hamiltonian onto a fermionic model of noninteracting Bogolioubov quasiparticles related in turn to the XY spin-1/2 chain in a transverse field. This approach allows us to express the spin-1 string operators in terms of fermionic operators so that the dominant contribution to the string correlators at large distances can be computed using the technique of Toeplitz determinants. As expected, we find long-range string order both in the longitudinal and in the transverse channel in the Haldane phase, while in the Neel phase only the longitudinal order survives. In this way, the long-range string order can be explicitly related to the components of the magnetization of the XY model. Moreover, apart from the critical line, where the decay is algebraic, we find that in the gapped phases the decay is governed by an exponential tail multiplied by algebraic factors. As regards the usual two points correlation functions, we show that the longitudinal one behaves in a 'dual' fashion with respect to the transverse string correlator, namely both the asymptotic values and the decay laws exchange when the transition line is crossed. For the transverse spin-spin correlator, we find a finite characteristic length which is an unexpected feature at the critical point. We also comment briefly the entanglement features of the original system versus those of the effective model. The goodness of the approximation and the analytical predictions are checked versus density-matrix renormalization group calculations.
description: 28 pages, plain LaTeX, 2 EPS figures
Superconductivity-enhanced bias spectroscopy in carbon nanotube quantum dots
Creators: name: Grove-Rasmussen, K.
name: Jørgensen, H. I.
name: Andersen, B. M.
name: Paaske, J.
name: Jespersen, T. S.
name: Nygård, J.
name: Flensberg, K.
name: Lindelof, P. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study low-temperature transport through carbon nanotube quantum dots in the Coulomb blockade regime coupled to niobium-based superconducting leads. We observe pronounced conductance peaks at finite source-drain bias, which we ascribe to elastic and inelastic cotunneling processes enhanced by the coherence peaks in the density of states of the superconducting leads. The inelastic cotunneling lines display a marked dependence on the applied gate voltage which we relate to different tunneling-renormalizations of the two subbands in the nanotube. Finally, we discuss the origin of an especially pronounced sub-gap structure observed in every fourth Coulomb diamond.
Dissoluzione della Realtà Simbolica: Verso una Ricalibrazione Neurocognitiva della Percezione
Creators: name: PsykoSapiens
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Un uomo si aggira in un mondo disfatto, dove il simbolo è ormai un guscio vuoto e il sentire viscerale un impulso smorzato. Il tempo si contorce, la materia si sfalda, la percezione stessa è una gabbia.

Il viaggio lo spinge oltre il visibile, in una discesa che lacera il velo delle certezze. Lungo il cammino incontra rovine di significati, corpi spezzati dalla loro stessa ombra, tracce di un’origine dimenticata.

Nel cuore dell’abisso, la forma si dissolve. Ciò che resta è pura sostanza, un nucleo prelinguistico che pulsa al di fuori del pensiero. Qui, finalmente, l’uomo vede.

Lo studio esplora l’evoluzione della percezione umana, evidenziando il progressivo distacco dal sentire viscerale a favore di una realtà mediata dal simbolo. Integrando neuroscienze, biosemiotica ed epistemologia, si analizza come il simbolo, nato per rappresentare il reale, si sia trasformato in un dispositivo di controllo percettivo e sociale.

Si approfondisce il ruolo del sistema nervoso autonomo nella percezione pre-riflessiva e il declino della cognizione incarnata, sostituita da una realtà astratta e normativa. Il simbolo, da ponte tra esperienza e rappresentazione, è divenuto un meccanismo autonomo di codificazione, rendendo la percezione umana vulnerabile a schemi imposti e propaganda.

La visione, anziché accesso diretto al reale, si rivela vettore di inganno semiotico, manipolata da immagini artificiali e schemi predittivi che distorcono l’esperienza. Infine, la morte è analizzata come dissoluzione del codice simbolico e recupero dell’autenticità percettiva, necessaria per superare la crisi epistemologica prodotta dall’accumulo di sovrastrutture semiotiche.
No impact of core-scale magnetic field, turbulence, or velocity gradient on sizes of protostellar disks in Orion A
Creators: name: Yen, Hsi-Wei
name: Zhao, Bo
name: Koch, Patrick M.
name: Gupta, Aashish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compared the sizes and fluxes of a sample of protostellar disks in Orion A measured with the ALMA 0.87 mm continuum data from the VANDAM survey with the physical properties of their ambient environments on the core scale of 0.6 pc estimated with the GBT GAS NH3 and JCMT SCUPOL polarimetric data. We did not find any significant dependence of the disk radii and continuum fluxes on a single parameter on the core scale, such as the non-thermal line width, magnetic field orientation and strength, or magnitude and orientation of the velocity gradient. Among these parameters, we only found a positive correlation between the magnitude of the velocity gradient and the non-thermal line width. Thus, the observed velocity gradients are more likely related to turbulent motion but not large-scale rotation. Our results of no clear dependence of the disk radii on these parameters are more consistent with the expectation from non-ideal MHD simulations of disk formation in collapsing cores, where the disk size is self-regulated by magnetic braking and diffusion, compared to other simulations which only include turbulence and/or a magnetic field misaligned with the rotational axis. Therefore, our results could hint that the non-ideal MHD effects play a more important role in the disk formation. Nevertheless, we cannot exclude the influences on the observed disk size distribution by dynamical interaction in a stellar cluster or amounts of angular momentum on the core scale, which cannot be probed with the current data.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, 1 Table. Accepted by ApJ
KMT-2018-BLG-1743: Planetary Microlensing Event Occurring on Two Source Stars
Creators: name: Han, Cheongho
name: Albrow, Michael D.
name: Chung, Sun-Ju
name: Gould, Andrew
name: Hwang, Kyu-Ha
name: Jung, Youn Kil
name: Kim, Doeon
name: Kim, Hyoun-Woo
name: Lee, Chung-Uk
name: Ryu, Yoon-Hyun
name: Shin, In-Gu
name: Shvartzvald, Yossi
name: Yee, Jennifer C.
name: Zang, Weicheng
name: Cha, Sang-Mok
name: Kim, Dong-Jin
name: Kim, Seung-Lee
name: Lee, Dong-Joo
name: Lee, Yongseok
name: Park, Byeong-Gon
name: Pogge, Richard W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of the microlensing event KMT-2018-BLG-1743. The light curve of the event, with a peak magnification $A_{\rm peak}\sim 800$, exhibits two anomaly features, one around the peak and the other on the falling side of the light curve. An interpretation with a binary lens and a single source (2L1S) cannot describe the anomalies. By conducting additional modeling that includes an extra lens (3L1S) or an extra source (2L2S) relative to a 2L1S interpretation, we find that 2L2S interpretations with a planetary lens system and a binary source best explain the observed light curve with $Δχ^2\sim 188$ and $\sim 91$ over the 2L1S and 3L1S solutions, respectively. Assuming that these $Δχ^2$ values are adequate for distinguishing the models, the event is the fourth 2L2S event and the second 2L2S planetary event. The 2L2S interpretations are subject to a degeneracy, resulting in two solutions with $s>1.0$ (wide solution) and $s<1.0$ (close solution). The masses of the lens components and the distance to the lens are $(M_{\rm host}/M_\odot, M_{\rm planet}/M_{\rm J}, D_{\rm L}/{\rm kpc}) \sim (0.19^{+0.27}_{-0.111}, 0.25^{+0.34}_{-0.14}, 6.48^{+0.94}_{-1.03})$ and $\sim (0.42^{+0.34}_{-0.25}, 1.61^{+1.30}_{-0.97}, 6.04^{+0.93}_{-1.27})$ according to the wide and close solutions, respectively. The source is a binary composed of an early G dwarf and a mid M dwarf. The values of the relative lens-source proper motion expected from the two degenerate solutions, $μ_{\rm wide}\sim 2.3 $mas yr$^{-1}$ and $μ_{\rm close} \sim 4.1 $mas yr$^{-1}$, are substantially different, and thus the degeneracy can be broken by resolving the lens and source from future high-resolution imaging observations.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures
The mixing time evolution of Glauber dynamics for the mean-field Ising model
Creators: name: Ding, Jian
name: Lubetzky, Eyal
name: Peres, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J10, 60K35, 82C20

description: We consider Glauber dynamics for the Ising model on the complete graph on $n$ vertices, known as the Curie-Weiss model. It is well-known that the mixing-time in the high temperature regime ($β< 1$) has order $n\log n$, whereas the mixing-time in the case $β> 1$ is exponential in $n$. Recently, Levin, Luczak and Peres proved that for any fixed $β< 1$ there is cutoff at time $[2(1-β)]^{-1} n\log n$ with a window of order $n$, whereas the mixing-time at the critical temperature $β=1$ is $Θ(n^{3/2})$. It is natural to ask how the mixing-time transitions from $Θ(n\log n)$ to $Θ(n^{3/2})$ and finally to $\exp(Θ(n))$. That is, how does the mixing-time behave when $β=β(n)$ is allowed to tend to 1 as $n\to\infty$. In this work, we obtain a complete characterization of the mixing-time of the dynamics as a function of the temperature, as it approaches its critical point $β_c=1$. In particular, we find a scaling window of order $1/\sqrt{n}$ around the critical temperature. In the high temperature regime, $β= 1 - δ$ for some $0 < δ< 1$ so that $δ^2 n \to\infty$ with $n$, the mixing-time has order $(n/δ)\log(δ^2 n)$, and exhibits cutoff with constant 1/2 and window size $n/δ$. In the critical window, $β= 1\pm δ$ where $δ^2 n$ is O(1), there is no cutoff, and the mixing-time has order $n^{3/2}$. At low temperature, $β= 1 + δ$ for $δ> 0$ with $δ^2 n \to\infty$ and $δ=o(1)$, there is no cutoff, and the mixing time has order $(n/δ)\exp(({3/4}+o(1))δ^2 n)$.
description: 43 pages, 2 figures
WIP: Medical Incident Prediction Through Analysis of Electronic Medical Records Using Machine Lerning: Fall Prediction
Creators: name: Yanagisawa, Atsushi
name: Premachandra, Chintaka
name: Kawanaka, Hiruharu
name: Inoue, Atsushi
name: Hata, Takeo
name: Ueda, Eiichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper reports our preliminary work on medical incident prediction in general, and fall risk prediction in specific, using machine learning. Data for the machine learning are generated only from the particular subset of the electronic medical records (EMR) at Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital. As a result of conducting three experiments such as (1) machine learning algorithm comparison, (2) handling imbalance, and (3) investigation of explanatory variable contribution to the fall incident prediction, we find the investigation of explanatory variables the most effective.
description: ICIEV/IVPR2021. Work-In-Progress paper. 6 pages. 5 tables. Emerging Researcher Award
Evidence for competition between the superconducting and the pseudogap state in (BiPb)_2(SrLa)_2CuO_{6+δ} from muon-spin rotation experiments
Creators: name: Khasanov, R.
name: Kondo, Takeshi
name: Strässle, S.
name: Heron, D. O. G.
name: Kaminski, A.
name: Keller, H.
name: Lee, S. L.
name: Takeuchi, Tsunehiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The in-plane magnetic penetration depth λ_{ab} in optimally doped (BiPb)_2(SrLa)_2CuO_{6+δ} (OP Bi2201) was studied by means of muon-spin rotation. The measurements of λ_{ab}^{-2}(T) are inconsistent with a simple model of a d-wave order parameter and a uniform quasiparticle weight around the Fermi surface. The data are well described assuming the angular gap symmetry obtained in ARPES experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett {\bf 98}, 267004 (2007)], where it was shown that the superconducting gap in OP Bi2201 exists only in segments of the Fermi surface near the nodes. We find that the remaining parts of the Fermi surface, which are strongly affected by the pseudogap state, do not contribute significantly to the superconducting condensate. Our data provide evidence that high temperature superconductivity and pseudogap behavior in cuprates are competing phenomena.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Confinement in bilayer graphene via intra- and inter-layer interactions
Creators: name: Castillo-Celeita, Miguel
name: Jakubský, Vít
name: Zelaya, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider confinement of Dirac fermions in $AB$-stacked bilayer graphene by inhomogeneous on-site interactions, (pseudo-)magnetic field or inter-layer interaction. Working within the framework of four-band approximation, we focus on the systems where the stationary equation is reducible into two stationary equations with $2\times2$ Dirac-type Hamiltonians and auxiliary interactions. We show that it is possible to find localized states by solving an effective Schrödinger equation with energy-dependent potential. We consider several scenarios where bilayer graphene is subject to inhomogneous (pseudo-)magnetic field, on-site interactions or inter-layer coupling. In explicit examples, we provide analytical solutions for the states localized by local fluctuations or periodicity defects of the interactions.
How drifting and evaporating pebbles shape giant planets II: Volatiles and refractories in atmospheres
Creators: name: Schneider, Aaron David
name: Bitsch, Bertram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upcoming studies of extrasolar gas giants will give precise insights into the composition of planetary atmospheres with the ultimate goal to link it to the formation history of the planet. Here, we investigate how drifting and evaporating pebbles that enrich the gas phase of the disk influence the chemical composition of growing and migrating gas giants. To achieve this goal, we perform semi analytical 1D models of protoplanetary disks including viscous evolution, pebble drift and evaporation to simulate the growth of planets from planetary embryos to Jupiter mass objects by the accretion of pebbles and gas while they migrate through the disk. The gas phase of the protoplanetary disk is enriched due to the evaporation of inward drifting pebbles crossing evaporation lines, leading to the accretion of large amounts of volatiles into the planetary atmosphere. As a consequence, gas accreting planets are enriched in volatiles (C, O, N) compared to refractories (e.g., Mg, Si, Fe) by up to a factor of 100, depending on the chemical species, its exact abundance and volatility as well as the disk's viscosity. A simplified model for the formation of Jupiter reveals that its nitrogen content can be explained by inward diffusing nitrogen rich vapor, implying that Jupiter does not need to form close to the N2 evaporation front as indicated by previous simulations. However, our model predicts a too low oxygen abundance for Jupiter, implying either Jupiter's migration across the water ice line or an additional accretion of solids into the atmosphere, which can also increase Jupiter's carbon abundance. The accretion of solids will increase the refractory to volatile ratio in planetary atmospheres substantially. We thus conclude that the volatile to refractory ratio can place a strong constraint on planet formation theories making it an important target for future observations.
description: accepted for publication in A&A
title: Frontmatter, Table of Contents, Preface, Organization
Creators: name: Erlebach, Thomas
name: Lübbecke, Marco
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Titlepage
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Organization

description: Titlepage, Table of Contents, Preface, Organization.
description: OASIcs, Vol. 14, 10th Workshop on Algorithmic Approaches for Transportation Modelling, Optimization, and Systems (ATMOS'10), pages i-ix
The nature of the methanol maser ring G23.657-00.127
Creators: name: Bartkiewicz, A.
name: Brunthaler, A.
name: Szymczak, M.
name: van Langevelde, H. J.
name: Reid, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Methanol masers are associated with young high-mass stars and are an important tool for investigating the process of massive star formation. The recently discovered methanol maser ring in G23.657-00.127 provides an excellent ``laboratory'' for a detailed study of the nature and physical origin of methanol maser emission, as well as parallax and proper motion measurements. Multi-epoch observations of the 12.2 GHz methanol maser line from the ring were conducted using the Very Long Baseline Array. Interferometric observations with milliarcsecond resolution enabled us to track single maser spots in great detail over a period of 2 years. We have determined the trigonometric parallax of G23.657-00.127 to be 0.313+/-0.039 mas, giving a distance of 3.19{+0.46}{-0.35} kpc. The proper motion of the source indicates that it is moving with the same circular velocity as the LSR, but it shows a large peculiar motion of about 35 km/s toward the Galactic center.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Instabilities of scalar fields around oscillating stars
Creators: name: Ikeda, Taishi
name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: Zilhão, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behavior of fundamental fields in strong gravity or nontrivial environments is important for our understanding of nature. This problem has interesting applications in the context of dark matter, of dark energy physics or of quantum field theory. The dynamics of fundamental fields has been studied mainly in static or stationary backgrounds, whereas most of our Universe is dynamic. In this paper we investigate "blueshift" and parametric instabilities of scalar fields in dynamical backgrounds, which can be triggered (for instance) by oscillating stars in scalar-tensor theories of gravity. We discuss possible implications of our results, which include constraints on an otherwise hard-to-access parameter space of scalar-tensor theories.
description: 18 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Topology of the Fermi Surface Beyond the Quantum Critical Point
Creators: name: Khodel, V. A.
name: Clark, J. W.
name: Zverev, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the nature of phase transitions occurring in strongly correlated Fermi systems at the quantum critical point (QCP) associated with a divergent effective mass. Conventional scenarios for the QCP involving collective degrees of freedom are shown to have serious shortcomings. Working within the original Landau quasiparticle picture, we propose an alternative topological scenario for the QCP, in systems that obey standard Fermi liquid (FL) theory in advance of the QCP. Applying the technique of Poincaré mapping, we analyze the sequence of iterative maps generated by the Landau equation for the single-particle spectrum at zero temperature. It is demonstrated that the Fermi surface is subject to rearrangement beyond the QCP. If the sequence of maps converges, a multi-connected Fermi surface is formed. If it fails to converge, the Fermi surface swells into a volume that provides a measure of entropy associated with formation of an exceptional state of the system characterized by partial occupation of single-particle states and dispersion of their spectrum proportional to temperature. Based on this dual scenario, the thermodynamics of Fermi systems beyond the QCP exhibits striking departures from the predictions of standard FL theory. Mechanisms for the release of the entropy excess of the exceptional state are discussed.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures