Andrena Fabricius 1775
Creators: name: Wood, Thomas J.
name: Ghisbain, Guillaume
name: Michez, Denis
name: Praz, Christophe J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Andrenidae
Andrena

description: Genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775
Molecular analyses
In the phylogenetic relationships among species of Taeniandrena (Fig. 1), all species represented by more than one individual formed well-supported monophyletic groups, with the exception of A. wilkella (Kirby, 1802), for which support was low (posterior probability, hereafter PP, of 0.74). These analyses confirm the distinctiveness of A. beaumonti Benoist, 1961 stat. rev. and A. wilkella, which form two separate clades with A. benoisti Wood & Praz sp. nov. sister to A. wilkella and A. beaumonti sister to A. benoisti + A. wilkella. The distinctiveness of A. gelriae s. tr. and A. gredana stat. nov. is also supported; these taxa do not form a monophyletic group. The sampled specimens of A. ovatula (Kirby, 1802) were similar to specimens of A. ovatula s. str. from northern Europe, a taxon that we consider distinct from most populations of ‘ A. ovatula auct.’ from central and southern Europe (Praz & Wood, in prep.). Lastly, A. levante Wood & Praz sp. nov. was the sister species to A. gelriae s. str. (PP less than 0.5).
Average within-species, uncorrected genetic distances were low for A. ovatula, A. gredana, A. levante sp. nov. and A. benoisti sp. nov. (0.022%, 0.66%, 0.0% and 0.43%, respectively) and considerably higher for A. wilkella (1.18%) and A. similis Smith, 1849 (1.17%). Uncorrected genetic distances between A. benoisti sp. nov. and A. wilkella were on average 3.30% (range 2.86–3.86%), those between A. benoisti sp. nov. and A. beaumonti stat. rev. 7.31% (range 7.13–7.61); Andrena beaumonti was on average 6.89% divergent from A. wilkella (range 6.62–7.26%). Distances between A. gredana and A. gelriae were on average 3.02% (range 2.98–3.07), those between A. levante sp. nov. and A. gelriae 1.67% (range 1.51–1.75).
The analyses of the Ptilandrena-Euandrena (Fig. 2) clade strongly support the recognition of A. impressa stat. nov. as a distinct species and not as a subspecies of A. angustior; these taxa were not closely related in our trees (Fig. 2). The placement of A. impressa (sister to a clade composed of A. fulvata Stoeckhert, 1930, A. angustior, A. allosa Warncke, 1975 and A. amieti Praz, Müller & Genoud, 2019) was surprising given that A. impressa shares numerous morphological features with A. fulvata and A. angustior, in particular the broadened gena and long male mandible, this character being absent in A. allosa and A. amieti, displaying the ‘typical’ unbroadened gena found in Euandrena. Support for this arrangement was however very weak. Average genetic distances within A. angustior and A. fulvata were 0.20% and 0.38%; distances between these two taxa were on average 3.56% (range 3.10–4.15). The distances between the single specimen of A. impressa and these two taxa were considerably higher: on average 8.22% for distances with A. fulvata (range 8.08–8.40) and 8.61% with A. angustior (range 8.39–9.22). With the exception of the difference between A. gelriae and A. levante sp. nov., these between species genetic distances are well above the 2% divergence metric that typically indicates species-level differences (Schmidt et al. 2015).
description: Published as part of Wood, Thomas J., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Michez, Denis & Praz, Christophe J., 2021, Revisions to the faunas of Andrena of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco with the descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), pp. 147-193 in European Journal of Taxonomy 758 on page 151, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1431, http://zenodo.org/record/5101636