cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Moresprudence
Creators: name: Domingus, Marlon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: integrity
moresprudence
ethics
organizational learning

description: What is 'Moresprudence' and how does it relate to the learning organization?

An infographic explaining the different aspects of ways to come to a coherent way of working, based on relevant dialogues about rhe organization's moral dilemmas, with integrity.

'The concept of 'mores' does not only mean habit, usage or the way in which ‘we’ do things, but also refers to someone’s will and the motivation of his actions. 'Prudence' means, in addition to conscious, skillful and careful, also: foresighted.

Moresprudence means, in short, that we determine our will and way of doing things with forethought, skillful and careful.'

pg 4, Drs. Raoul Wirtz, Dr. Edgar Karssing, Moresprudentie 10 jaar later. Audit Magazine, 2015, 1.
Loss of oncogenic ras expression does not correlate with loss of tumorigenicity in human cells.
Creators: name: Fasching, C. L.
name: Sato, K. Y.
name: Stanbridge, E. J.
name: Anderson, M. J.
name: Der, C. J.
name: Plattner, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: ras oncogenes are mutated in at variety of human tumors, which suggests that they play an important role in human carcinogenesis. To determine whether continued oncogenic ras expression is necessary to maintain the malignant phenotype, we studied the human fibrosarcoma cell line, HT1080, which contains one mutated and one wild-type N-ras allele. We isolated a variant of this cell line that no longer contained the mutated copy of the N-ras gene. Loss of mutant N-ras resulted in cells that displayed a less transformed phenotype characterized by a flat morphology, decreased growth rate, organized actin stress fibers, and loss of anchorage-independent growth. The transformed phenotype was restored following reintroduction of mutant N-ras. Although loss of the oncogenic N-ras drastically affected in vitro growth parameters, the variant remained tumorigenic in nude mice indicating that mutated N-ras expression is not necessary for maintenance of the tumorigenic phenotype. We confirmed this latter observation in colon carcinoma cell lines that have lost activated K-ras expression via targeted knockout of the mutant K-ras gene.
Many-particle Sudarshan-Lindblad equation: mean-field approximation, nonlinearity and dissipation in a spin system
Creators: name: Prataviera, G. A.
name: Mizrahi, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system of $N$ spin-1/2 particles interacting with a thermal reservoir is used as a pedagogical example for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. We introduce and illustrate some methods, approximations, and phenomena related to dissipation and nonlinearity in many-particle physics. We start our analysis from the dynamical Sudarshan-Lindblad quantum master equation for the density operator of a system $\mathcal{S}$ interacting with a thermal reservoir $\mathcal{R}$. We derive the quantum version of the so-called Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (BBGKY) equations such that the master equation can be decomposed in a hierarchical set of $N-1$ equations ($N>1$). The hierarchy is broken by introducing the mean-field approximation and reducing the problem to a nonlinear single particle system. In this scenario, the Hamiltonian is nonlinear (i.e., it depends on the state of $\mathcal{S}$), although the superoperator responsible for the dissipation and decoherence of $\mathcal{S}$ remains unaffected. To provide a useful tool to students: (1) we discuss the physical approximations involved, (2) we derive the analytical solution to the mean values equations of motion resulting from the Hamiltonian, (3) we solve analytically the master equation in the stationary regime, (4) we obtain and discuss the solution of the nonlinear master equation, numerically, and finally, (5) we discuss the master equation beyond the mean-field approximation and show how to introduce higher order quantum correlations that have been previously neglected.
description: revised version, published in "Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Fisica"
Photochemical energy conversion in a helical oligoproline assembly.
Creators: name: Saderholm, M. J.
name: McCafferty, D. G.
name: Danielson, E.
name: Friesen, D. A.
name: Meyer, T. J.
name: Wall, C. G.
name: Erickson, B. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: A general method is described for constructing a helical oligoproline assembly having a spatially ordered array of functional sites protruding from a proline-II helix. Three different redox-active carboxylic acids were coupled to the side chain of cis-4-amino-L-proline. These redox modules were incorporated through solid-phase peptide synthesis into a 13-residue helical oligoproline assembly bearing in linear array a phenothiazine electron donor, a tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chromophore, and an anthraquinone electron acceptor. Upon transient 460-nm irradiation in acetonitrile, this peptide triad formed with 53% efficiency an excited state containing a phenothiazine radical cation and an anthraquinone radical anion. This light-induced redox-separated state had a lifetime of 175 ns and stored 1.65 eV of energy.
Laser pulses for coherent xuv Raman excitation
Creators: name: Greenman, Loren
name: Koch, Christiane P.
name: Whaley, K. Birgitta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine multi-channel electronic structure theory with quantum optimal control to derive Raman pulse sequences that coherently populate a valence excited state. For a neon atom, Raman target populations of up to 13% are obtained. Superpositions of the ground and valence Raman states with a controllable relative phase are found to be reachable with up to 4.5% population and phase control facilitated by the pump pulse carrier envelope phase. Our results open a route to creating core-hole excitations in molecules and aggregates that locally address specific atoms and represent the first step towards realization of multidimensional spectroscopy in the xuv and x-ray regimes.
Preserved neuron number in the hippocampus of aged rats with spatial learning deficits.
Creators: name: Gallagher, M.
name: Rapp, P. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Hippocampal neuron loss is widely viewed as a hallmark of normal aging. Moreover, neuronal degeneration is thought to contribute directly to age-related deficits in learning and memory supported by the hippocampus. By taking advantage of improved methods for quantifying neuron number, the present study reports evidence challenging these long-standing concepts. The status of hippocampal-dependent spatial learning was evaluated in young and aged Long-Evans rats using the Morris water maze, and the total number of neurons in the principal cell layers of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus was quantified according to the optical fractionator technique. For each of the hippocampal fields, neuron number was preserved in the aged subjects as a group and in aged individuals with documented learning and memory deficits indicative of hippocampal dysfunction. The findings demonstrate that hippocampal neuronal degeneration is not an inevitable consequence of normal aging and that a loss of principal neurons in the hippocampus fails to account for age-related learning and memory impairment. The observed preservation of neuron number represents an essential foundation for identifying the neurobiological effects of hippocampal aging that account for cognitive decline.
Proliferation of multipotent hematopoietic cells controlled by a truncated erythropoietin receptor transgene.
Creators: name: Smithies, O.
name: Cook, D. N.
name: Walton, W.
name: Kirby, S. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: The long-term efficacy of gene therapy using bone marrow transplantation requires the engraftment of genetically altered totipotent hematopoietic stem cells (THSCs). Ex vivo expansion of corrected THSCs is one way to increase the efficiency of the procedure. Similarly, selective in vivo expansion of the therapeutic THSCs rather than the endogenous THSCs could favor the transplant. To test whether a conferred proliferative advantage gene can facilitate the in vitro and in vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells, we have generated transgenic mice expressing a truncated receptor for the growth factor erythropoietin. These mice are phenotypically normal, but when treated in vivo with exogenous erythropoietin they exhibit a marked increase in multipotent, clonogenic hematopoietic cells [colony-forming units in the spleen (CFU-S) and CFUs that give rise to granulocytes, erythroid cells, macrophages, and megakaryocytes within the same colony (CFU-GEMM)] in comparison with the wild-type mice. In addition, long-term in vitro culture of tEpoR transgenic bone marrow in the presence of erythropoietin induces exponential expansion of trilineage hematopoietic stem cells not seen with wild-type bone marrow. Thus, the truncated erythropoietin receptor gene shows promise as a means for obtaining cytokine-inducible hematopoietic stem cell proliferation to facilitate the direct targeting of THSCs and to provide a competitive repopulation advantage for transplanted therapeutic stem cells.
Time-Variable Linear Polarization as a Probe of the Physical Conditions in the Compact Jets of Blazars
Creators: name: Marscher, Alan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A single measurement of linear polarization of a nonthermal source provides direct information about the mean direction and level of ordering of the magnetic field. Monitoring of the polarization in blazars, combined with millimeter-wave VLBI imaging in both total and polarized intensity, has the potential to determine the geometry of the magnetic field. This is a key probe of the physical processes in the relativistic jet, such as ordered field components, turbulence, magnetic reconnections, magnetic collimation and acceleration of the jet flow, particle acceleration, and radiative processes that produce extremely luminous, highly variable nonthermal emission. Well-sampled monitoring observations of multi-waveband flux and radio-optical polarization of blazars show a variety of behavior. In some cases, the observed polarization patterns appear systematic, while in others randomness dominates. Explanations involve helical magnetic fields, turbulence, and perhaps particle acceleration that depends on the angle between the magnetic field and shock fronts that might be present. Simulations from the author's TEMZ model, with turbulent plasma crossing a standing conical shock in the jet, show that a mixture of turbulent and toroidal magnetic field can produce the level of polarization variability that is observed, even when the two field components are roughly equal.
description: To appear in the Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 313: "Extragalactic Jets from Every Angle," Galapagos, Ecuador, 15-19 September 2014, F. Massaro, C. C. Cheung, E. Lopez, and A. Siemiginowska (Eds.), Cambridge University Press
Promiscuous translocations into immunoglobulin heavy chain switch regions in multiple myeloma
Creators: name: Brents, L. A.
name: Bergsagel, P. L.
name: Nardini, E.
name: Kuehl, W. M.
name: Chesi, M.
name: Kirby, S. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: In multiple myeloma, karyotypic 14q32 translocations have been identified at a variable frequency (10–60% in different studies). In the majority of cases, the partner chromosome has not been identified (14q+), and in the remaining cases, a diverse array of chromosomal partners has been implicated, with 11q13 being the most common. We developed a comprehensive Southern blot assay to identify and distinguish different kinds of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) switch recombination events. Illegitimate switch recombination fragments (defined as containing sequences from only one switch region) are potential markers of translocation events into IgH switch regions and were identified in 15 of 21 myeloma cell lines, including seven of eight karyotyped lines that have no detectable 14q32 translocation. From all nine lines or tumor samples analyzed further, cloned illegitimate switch recombination fragments were confirmed to be IgH switch translocation breakpoints. In three of these cases, the translocation breakpoint was shown to be present in the primary tumor. These translocation breakpoints involve six chromosomal loci: 4p16.3 (two lines and the one tumor); 6; 8q24.13; 11q13.3 (in three lines); 16q23.1; and 21q22.1. We suggest that translocations into the IgH locus (i) are frequent (karyotypic 14q32 translocations and/or illegitimate switch recombination fragments are present in primary tumor samples and in 19 of 21 lines that we have analyzed); (ii) occur mainly in switch regions; and (iii) involve a diverse but nonrandom array (i.e., frequently 11q13 or 4p16) of chromosomal partners. This appears to be the most frequent genetic abnormality in multiple myeloma.
Additional file 1 of Genetic analysis and molecular basis of G6PD deficiency among malaria patients in Thailand: implications for safe use of 8-aminoquinolines
Creators: name: Boonyuen, Usa
name: Jacob, Beatriz Aira C.
name: Wongwigkan, Jutamas
name: Chamchoy, Kamonwan
name: Singha-art, Natsamon
name: Pengsuk, Natnicha
name: Songdej, Duantida
name: Adams, Emily R.
name: Edwards, Thomas
name: Chamnanchanunt, Supat
name: Amran, Syazwani Itri
name: Latif, Nurriza Ab
name: Louis, Naveen Eugene
name: Chandran, Shamini
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Primers used in (A) multiplex HRM for the detection of 15 G6PD mutations and (B) G6PD gene sequencing. Table S1. Primers used in multiplex HRM assays. Table S2. Primers used for site-directed mutagenesis. Figure S2. The frequency distribution of G6PD enzyme activity in (A) males and (B) females. Figure S3. Box plot of G6PD activity for each variant among (A) malaria-positive males, (B) malaria-positive females, (C) malaria-negative males and (D) malaria-negative females. Figure S4. Secondary structure analysis of G6PD variants by circular dichroism. Table S3. Melting temperature (Tm) values of recombinant G6PD proteins by thermal shift assay. Mutations were ranked in order of stability, from most stable to least stable. Table S4. Thermal inactivation of G6PD variants as reported by T1/2. Mutations were ranked in order of stability, from most stable to least stable. Table S5. Stability of G6PD variants in the presence of Gdn-HCl as reported by C1/2. Mutations were ranked in order of stability, from most stable to least stable. Table S6. Susceptibility of G6PD variants to trypsin digestion. Mutations were ranked in order of stability, from most stable to least stable. Table S7. Structural characteristics of the dimer and tetramer interfaces (t = 100 ns). Table S8. Average values of the trajectory analyses performed on the WT and variants. Figure S5. Ligand binding pocket occupancy heatmap indicating the presence (orange) and absence (turquoise) of hydrogen bonds (t = 100 ns). Figure S6. Superimposition and structural deviations of the simulated variants against the WT (red) at the mutation site, dimer and tetramer interfaces (t = 100 ns). (A) Gaohe, (B) Valladolid, (C) Canton, (D) Viangchan, (E) Gond, (F) Gaohe + Viangchan, (G) Valladolid + Viangchan, and (H) Canton + Viangchan.
Big Data analytics and Cognitive Computing: future opportunities for Astronomical research
Creators: name: Garrett, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The days of the lone astronomer with his optical telescope and photographic plates are long gone: Astronomy in 2025 will not only be multi-wavelength, but multi-messenger, and dominated by huge data sets and matching data rates. Catalogues listing detailed properties of billions of objects will in themselves require a new industrial-scale approach to scientific discovery, requiring the latest techniques of advanced data analytics and an early engagement with the first generation of cognitive computing systems. Astronomers have the opportunity to be early adopters of these new technologies and methodologies: the impact can be profound and highly beneficial to effecting rapid progress in the field. Areas such as SETI research might favourably benefit from cognitive intelligence that does not rely on human bias and preconceptions.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. Paper presented at 2nd Radio and Antenna Days of the Indian Ocean (RADIO 2014)
The $μ\to eγ$ decay in a systematic effective field theory approach with dimension 6 operators
Creators: name: Pruna, Giovanni Marco
name: Signer, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We implement a systematic effective field theory approach to the benchmark process $μ\to e γ$, performing automated one-loop computations including dimension 6 operators and studying their anomalous dimensions. We obtain limits on Wilson coefficients of a relevant subset of lepton-flavour violating operators that contribute to the branching ratio $μ\to e γ$ at one-loop. In addition, we illustrate a method to extract further constraints induced by the mixing of operators under renormalisation-group evolution. This results in limits on the corresponding Wilson coefficients directly at the high scale. The procedure can be applied to other processes as well and, as an example, we consider also lepton-flavour violating decays of the $τ$.
description: 37 pages, 2 figures. V2 matches the published version
Real time observation of anaphase in vitro.
Creators: name: Murray, A. W.
name: Salmon, E. D.
name: Desai, A. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: We used digital fluorescence microscopy to make real-time observations of anaphase chromosome movement and changes in microtubule organization in spindles assembled in Xenopus egg extracts. Anaphase chromosome movement in these extracts resembled that seen in living vertebrate cells. During anaphase chromosomes moved toward the spindle poles (anaphase A) and the majority reached positions very close to the spindle poles. The average rate of chromosome to pole movement (2.4 microns/min) was similar to earlier measurements of poleward microtubule flux during metaphase. An increase in pole-to-pole distance (anaphase B) occurred in some spindles. The polyploidy of the spindles we examined allowed us to observe two novel features of mitosis. First, during anaphase, multiple microtubule organizing centers migrated 40 microns or more away from the spindle poles. Second, in telophase, decondensing chromosomes often moved rapidly (7-23 microns/min) away from the spindle poles toward the centers of these asters. This telophase chromosome movement suggests that the surface of decondensing chromosomes, and by extension those of intact nuclei, bear minus-end-directed microtubule motors. Preventing the inactivation of Cdc2/cyclin B complexes by adding nondegradable cyclin B allowed anaphase A to occur at normal velocities, but reduced the ejection of asters from the spindles, blocked chromosome decondensation, and inhibited telophase chromosome movement. In the presence of nondegradable cyclin B, chromosome movement to the poles converted bipolar spindles into pairs of independent monopolar spindles, demonstrating the role of sister chromatid linkage in maintaining spindle bipolarity.
Galactic astronomy with AO: Nearby star clusters and moving groups
Creators: name: Davidge, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of Galactic star clusters and objects in nearby moving groups recorded with Adaptive Optics (AO) systems on Gemini South are discussed. These include observations of open and globular clusters with the GeMS system, and high Strehl L' observations of the moving group member Sirius obtained with NICI. The latter data fail to reveal a brown dwarf companion with a mass in excess of 0.02 solar in an 18 x 18 arcsec^2 area around Sirius A. Potential future directions for AO studies of nearby star clusters and groups with systems on large telescopes are also presented.
description: Invited review SPIE 9148-11; to appear in SPIE Proceedings
All Risk is Local: File Format Risk Assessment In Two U.S. Government Contexts
Creators: name: England, Elizabeth
name: Murray, Kate
name: Wang, Hannah
name: Westervelt, Ted
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Digital Preservation
File Formats
Risk Assessment
Preservation Planning

description: Evaluating file formats is an integral component of risk assessment for digital content. Understanding a file from a technical standpoint is important but equally so is understanding the institution’s ability to preserve it for the long term. In other words, all risk is local. But how to assess that risk in a meaningful and consistent way across widely diverse collections? There is no one size fits all approach. Instead, institutions of all sizes can assess format risk in a manner that is appropriate for their organization. Two U.S. federal government agencies, the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Library of Congress discuss their approaches to risk assessment through digital file format assessment including the similarities and differences in their approaches, which were designed to meet the different goals of their institutions. The Library of Congress utilizes a number of mechanisms including the Recommended Formats Statement, which has a defined and publicly available evaluation criteria matrix, as well as research from the Sustainability of Digital Formats. NARA issues Transfer Guidance that identifies preferred and acceptable file formats for the transfer of permanent records for preservation, as well as guidance for federal records managers about specific categories of records, such as email or social media. NARA’s guidance is based on a risk assessment process for individual versions of formats, which is shared publicly through the NARA Digital Preservation Framework. Both NARA and Library of Congress’ approaches were born from a shared framework which diverged over time to meet each institution’s goals and needs.
Repair of thalassemic human  -globin mRNA in mammalian cells by antisense oligonucleotides
Creators: name: Agrawal, S.
name: Sierakowska, H.
name: Sambade, M. J.
name: Kole, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: In one form of β-thalassemia, a genetic blood disorder, a mutation in intron 2 of the β-globin gene (IVS2-654) causes aberrant splicing of β-globin pre-mRNA and, consequently, β-globin deficiency. Treatment of mammalian cells stably expressing the IVS2-654 human β-globin gene with antisense oligonucleotides targeted at the aberrant splice sites restored correct splicing in a dose-dependent fashion, generating correct human β-globin mRNA and polypeptide. Both products persisted for up to 72 hr posttreatment. The oligonucleotides modified splicing by a true antisense mechanism without overt unspecific effects on cell growth and splicing of other pre-mRNAs. This novel approach in which antisense oligonucleotides are used to restore rather than to down-regulate the activity of the target gene is applicable to other splicing mutants and is of potential clinical interest.
Topological Effects on the Magnetoconductivity in Topological Insulators
Creators: name: Sacksteder, Vincent E.
name: Arnardottir, Kristin Bjorg
name: Kettemann, Stefan
name: Shelykh, Ivan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional strong topological insulators (TIs) guarantee the existence of a 2-D conducting surface state which completely covers the surface of the TI. The TI surface state necessarily wraps around the TI's top, bottom, and two sidewalls, and is therefore topologically distinct from ordinary 2-D electron gases (2DEGs) which are planar. This has several consequences for the magnetoconductivity $Δσ$, a frequently studied measure of weak antilocalization which is sensitive to the quantum coherence time $τ_ϕ$ and to temperature. We show that conduction on the TI sidewalls systematically reduces $Δσ$, multiplying it by a factor which is always less than one and decreases in thicker samples. In addition, we present both an analytical formula and numerical results for the tilted-field magnetoconductivity which has been measured in several experiments. Lastly, we predict that as the temperature is reduced $Δσ$ will enter a wrapped regime where it is sensitive to diffusion processes which make one or more circuits around the TI. In this wrapped regime the magnetoconductivity's dependence on temperature, typically $1/T^2$ in 2DEGs, disappears. We present numerical and analytical predictions for the wrapped regime at both small and large field strengths. The wrapped regime and topological signatures discussed here should be visible in the same samples and at the same temperatures where the Altshuler-Aronov-Spivak (AAS) effect has already been observed, when the measurements are repeated with the magnetic field pointed perpendicularly to the TI's top face.
Single-copy transgenic mice with chosen-site integration.
Creators: name: Kluckman, K. D.
name: Hagaman, J. R.
name: Smithies, O.
name: Plaehn, E. G.
name: Maeda, N.
name: Bronson, S. K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: We describe a general way of introducing transgenes into the mouse germ line for comparing different sequences without the complications of variation in copy number and insertion site. The method uses homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells to generate mice having a single copy of a transgene integrated into a chosen location in the genome. To test the method, a single copy murine bcl-2 cDNA driven by either a chicken beta-actin promoter or a human beta-actin promoter has been inserted immediately 5' to the X-linked hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase locus by a directly selectable homologous recombination event. The level of expression of the targeted bcl-2 transgene in ES cells is identical in independently isolated homologous recombinants having the same promoter yet varies between the different promoters. In contrast, the expression of bcl-2 transgenes having the same (chicken beta-actin) promoter varies drastically when they are independently integrated at random insertion sites. Both promoters direct broad expression of the single-copy transgene in mice derived from the respective targeted ES cells. In vitro and in vivo, the human beta-actin promoter consistently directed a higher level of transgene expression than the chicken beta-actin promoter.
Jesus, auferweckt als "Erstling" der Auferstehung, an der wir teilhaben
Creators: name: Barbaglio, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 42 Nr. 5 (2006): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 42, Heft 5
Suppression of experimental arthritis by gene transfer of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist cDNA.
Creators: name: Johnston, W. N.
name: Haskill, J. S.
name: Schwab, J. H.
name: Anderle, S. K.
name: Makarov, S. S.
name: Baldwin, A. S.
name: Brown, R. R.
name: Olsen, J. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Restoration of the impaired balance between pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines should provide effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Gene therapy has been proposed as an approach for delivery of therapeutic proteins to arthritic joints. Here, we examined the efficacy of antiinflammatory gene therapy in bacterial cell wall-induced arthritis in rats. Human secreted interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1ra) was expressed in joints of rats with recurrent bacterial cell wall-induced arthritis by using ex vivo gene transfer. To achieve this, primary synoviocytes were transduced in culture with a retroviral vector carrying the sIL-1ra cDNA. Transduced cells were engrafted in ankle joints of animals prior to reactivation of arthritis. Animals in control groups were engrafted with synoviocytes transduced with lacZ and neo marker genes. Cells continued to express transferred genes for at least 9 days after engraftment. We found that gene transfer of sIL-1ra significantly suppressed the severity of recurrence of arthritis, as assessed by measuring joint swelling and by the gross-observation score, and attenuated but did not abolish erosion of cartilage and bone. The effect of intraarticularly expressed sIL-1ra was essentially local, as there was no significant difference in severity of recurrence between unengrafted contralateral joints in control and experimental groups. We estimate that locally expressed sIL-1ra was about four orders of magnitude more therapeutically efficient than systemically administered recombinant sIL-1ra protein. These findings provide experimental evidence for the feasibility of antiinflammatory gene therapy for arthritis.
The genetic basis of epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation.
Creators: name: Anton-Lamprecht, I.
name: Yu, Q. C.
name: Uttam, J.
name: Gedde-Dahl, T.
name: Coulombe, P. A.
name: Fuchs, E.
name: Fine, J. D.
name: Hutton, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a group of autosomal dominant skin diseases characterized by blistering, due to mechanical stress-induced degeneration of basal epidermal cells. It is now well-established that the three major subtypes of EBS are genetic disorders of the basal epidermal keratins, keratin 5 (K5) and keratin 14 (K14). Here we show that a rare subtype, referred to as EBS with mottled pigmentation (MP), is also a disorder of these keratins. Affected members of two seemingly unrelated families with EBS-MP had a C to T point mutation in the second base position of codon 24 of one of two K5 alleles, leading to a Pro: Leu mutation. This mutation was not present in unaffected members nor in 100 alleles from normal individuals. Linkage analyses mapped the defect to this type II keratin gene (peak logarithm of odds score at phi = 0 of 3.9), which is located on chromosome 12q11-q13. This provides strong evidence that this mutation is responsible for the EBS-MP phenotype. Only conserved between K5 and K6, and not among any of the other type II keratins, Pro-24 is in the nonhelical head domain of K5, and only mildly perturbs the length of 10-nm keratin filaments assembled in vitro. However, this part of the K5 head domain is likely to protrude on the filament surface, perhaps leading to additional aberrations in intermediate filament architecture and/or in melanosome distribution that are seen ultrastructurally in patients with the mutation.
Factors influencing neuromuscular responses to gait training with a robotic ankle exoskeleton in cerebral palsy
Creators: name: Conner, Benjamin C.
name: Spomer, Alyssa M.
name: Steele, Katherine M.
name: Lerner, Zachary F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: A current limitation in the development of robotic gait training interventions is understanding the factors that predict responses to treatment. The purpose of this study was to explore the application of an interpretable machine learning method, Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART), to identify factors influencing neuromuscular responses to a resistive ankle exoskeleton in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Eight individuals with CP (GMFCS levels I – III, ages 12–18 years) walked with a resistive ankle exoskeleton over seven visits while we measured soleus activation. A BART model was developed using a predictor set of kinematic, device, study, and participant metrics that were hypothesized to influence soleus activation. The model (R2 = 0.94) found that kinematics had the largest influence on soleus activation, but the magnitude of exoskeleton resistance, amount of gait training practice with the device, and participant-level parameters also had substantial effects. To optimize neuromuscular engagement during exoskeleton training in individuals with CP, our analysis highlights the importance of monitoring the user’s kinematic response, in particular, peak stance phase hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion. We demonstrate the utility of machine learning techniques for enhancing our understanding of robotic gait training outcomes, seeking to improve the efficacy of future interventions.
The solution structure of the Raf-1 cysteine-rich domain: a novel ras and phospholipid binding site.
Creators: name: Campbell, S. L.
name: Zhong, S.
name: Ghosh, S.
name: Mott, H. R.
name: Carpenter, J. W.
name: Bell, R. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: The Raf-1 protein kinase is the best-characterized downstream effector of activated Ras. Interaction with Ras leads to Raf-1 activation and results in transduction of cell growth and differentiation signals. The details of Raf-1 activation are unclear, but our characterization of a second Ras-binding site in the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) and the involvement of both Ras-binding sites in effective Raf-1-mediated transformation provides insight into the molecular aspects and consequences of Ras-Raf interactions. The Raf-1 CRD is a member of an emerging family of domains, many of which are found within signal transducing proteins. Several contain binding sites for diacylglycerol (or phorbol esters) and phosphatidylserine and are believed to play a role in membrane translocation and enzyme activation. The CRD from Raf-1 does not bind diacylglycerol but interacts with Ras and phosphatidylserine. To investigate the ligand-binding specificities associated with CRDs, we have determined the solution structure of the Raf-1 CRD using heteronuclear multidimensional NMR. We show that there are differences between this structure and the structures of two related domains from protein kinase C (PKC). The differences are confined to regions of the CRDs involved in binding phorbol ester in the PKC domains. Since phosphatidylserine is a common ligand, we expect its binding site to be located in regions where the structures of the Raf-1 and PKC domains are similar. The structure of the Raf-1 CRD represents an example of this family of domains that does not bind diacylglycerol and provides a framework for investigating its interactions with other molecules.
Finger-Stylus for Non Touch-Enable Systems
Creators: name: Chaudhary, Ankit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since computer was invented, people are using many devices to interact with computer. Initially there were keyboard, mouse etc. but with the advancement of technology, new ways are being discovered that are quite usual and natural to the humans like stylus, touch-enable systems. In the current age of technology, user is expected to touch the machine interface to give input. Hand gesture is such a way to interact with machines where natural bare hand is used to communicate without touching machine interface. It gives a feeling to user that he is interacting in natural way to some human, not with traditional machines. This paper presents a technique where user needs not to touch the machine interface to draw on screen. Here hand finger draws shapes on monitor like stylus, without touching the monitor. This method can be used in many applications including games. The finger was used as an input device that acts like paint-brush or finger-stylus and is used to make shapes in front of the camera. Fingertip extraction and motion tracking were done in Matlab with real time constraints. This work is an early attempt to replace stylus with the natural finger without touching screen.
description: JKSU Engineering Sciences, Elsevier, 2015
Clinical stakeholders’ perspective for the integration of an immersive wheelchair simulator as a clinical tool for powered wheelchair training
Creators: name: Lettre, Josiane
name: Routhier, François
name: Giesbrecht, Edward M.
name: Choukou, Mohamed-Amine
name: Miller, William C.
name: Archambault, Philippe S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: This study aimed to investigate clinical stakeholders’ acceptance of an immersive wheelchair simulator as a potential powered wheelchair skills training tool. Focus groups, conducted in four rehabilitation centers, were used to obtain a rich understanding of participants’ experiences and beliefs. Then, a cross-sectional survey of the simulator acceptability for clinical practice was created. Twenty-three rehabilitation therapists and clinical program directors participated in the focus groups and thirty-three responded to the survey. Participants generally expressed that use of the simulator would be complementary to training in an actual powered wheelchair, and that it could be useful for challenging situations in rehabilitation centers (e.g. anxious clients; when there is uncertainty around their potential to drive a powered wheelchair; tasks that cannot be assessed in a real-life environment). They also provided suggestions to improve the simulator (e.g. more feedback during tasks; possibility of adjusting control settings such as speed and sensitivity; possibility of adding varied control interfaces). Feedback received from key stakeholders clearly indicated that the wheelchair simulator would be complementary to training provided in a real context of use. However, some important limitations must be addressed to improve the simulator and promote its adoption by clinical programs, therapists and clients.
A common mutational pattern in Cockayne syndrome patients from xeroderma pigmentosum group G: Implications for a second XPG function
Creators: name: Clarkson, S. G.
name: Leadon, S. A.
name: Lalle, P.
name: Nouspikel, T.
name: Cooper, P. K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients have defects in nucleotide excision repair (NER), the versatile repair pathway that removes UV-induced damage and other bulky DNA adducts. Patients with Cockayne syndrome (CS), another rare sun-sensitive disorder, are specifically defective in the preferential removal of damage from the transcribed strand of active genes, a process known as transcription-coupled repair. These two disorders are usually clinically and genetically distinct, but complementation analyses have assigned a few CS patients to the rare XP groups B, D, or G. The XPG gene encodes a structure-specific endonuclease that nicks damaged DNA 3′ to the lesion during NER. Here we show that three XPG/CS patients had mutations that would produce severely truncated XPG proteins. In contrast, two sibling XPG patients without CS are able to make full-length XPG, but with a missense mutation that inactivates its function in NER. These results suggest that XPG/CS mutations abolish interactions required for a second important XPG function and that it is the loss of this second function that leads to the CS clinical phenotype.
Women Participation in NGOs Environmental Awareness and Waste Management Programmes in Cross River State, Nigeria.
Creators: name: Ulayi, Agnes
name: Ugbadu, G. U.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 410403
subject: Environmental education and extension
classificationCode: 410402
subject: Environmental assessment and monitoring

description: The main thrust of this study was to investigate the relationship between women participation in NGOs' environmental awareness and waste management in Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of this study, one hypothesis was formulated and tested. Literature review was carried out according to the variable of the study. Correlation research design was adopted for the study. A sample of three hundred and forty-seven (347) respondents was randomly selected for the study. The selection was done through the stratified and simple random sampling technique. The questionnaire titled: Women Participation in Non-Governmental Organizations Environmental Awareness and Waste Management Questionnaire (WPNGOEAWMQ) was the main instrument used for data collection. The instrument was faced validated by the supervisor on journal articles.The reliability estimate of the instrument was established through the Cronbach's coefficient alpha reliability method. Peason product moment correlation analysis was employed to test the hypothesis under study. The hypothesis was tested at 0.5 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that women's participation in NGOs environmental awareness significantly relate with waste management. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that women in NGOs must be directly involved be directly involved in waste management that are sustainable and environmental friendly.
Biomechanical comparison of walking with a new, wearable rehabilitation training device to Nordic walking and regular walking in people with chronic low back pain
Creators: name: Sommer, Bettina
name: Pauli, Carole
name: McCaskey, Michael
name: Behrendt, Frank
name: Schuster-Amft, Corina
name: Graf, Eveline S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Physical activity, particularly walking, is commonly used for the treatment of diseases such as low back pain. In this study, the effects of walking wearing the new ToneFit Reha training belt (TFR) were compared to both Nordic walking and regular walking. The TFR is intended to intensify the effects of walking through the integration of two adjustable resistance handles. Ten patients with low back pain performed regular walking, Nordic walking, and walking with the TFR in a movement laboratory. The kinematics of the trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities were measured, and the activity of the trunk and upper extremity muscles recorded. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA and paired t-test. Kinematics indicated that walking with the TFR introduces instability that was mitigated by a delayed peak trunk rotation (peak at 63.3% gait cycle, vs. 52.8% in walking (p = .001) and 51.0% in NW (p = .007)). Upper extremity kinematics (constrained elbow flexion, high peak shoulder abduction) showed movement patterns that need to be considered when training over a longer period. Increased muscle activity was observed especially for upper extremity muscles, when training with TFR. Overall, walking with the TFR was found to be a suitable therapy for use in a rehabilitation setting.
Bianchi type I cosmological models in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity
Creators: name: Harko, Tiberiu
name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
name: Mak, M. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the dynamics of a barotropic cosmological fluid in an anisotropic, Bianchi type I space-time in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld (EiBI) gravity. By assuming an isotropic pressure distribution, we obtain the general solution of the field equations in an exact parametric form. The behavior of the geometric and thermodynamic parameters of the Bianchi type I Universe is studied, by using both analytical and numerical methods, for some classes of high density matter, described by the stiff causal, radiation, and pressureless fluid equations of state. In all cases the study of the models with different equations of state can be reduced to the integration of a highly nonlinear second order ordinary differential equation for the energy density. The time evolution of the anisotropic Bianchi type I Universe strongly depends on the initial values of the energy density and of the Hubble function. An important observational parameter, the mean anisotropy parameter is also studied in detail, and we show that for the dust filled Universe the cosmological evolution always ends into an isotropic phase, while for high density matter filled universes the isotropization of Bianchi type I universes is essentially determined by the initial conditions of the energy density.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures; to appear in a Special Issue of Galaxies: "Beyond Standard Gravity and Cosmology". V2: references added, 24 pages; matches published version
A mouse model for the renal salt-wasting syndrome pseudohypoaldosteronism
Creators: name: Wang, Q.
name: Talbot, C.
name: Verdumo, C.
name: Hummler, E.
name: Boucher, R.
name: Grubb, B.
name: Gatzy, J.
name: Burnier, M.
name: Rossier, B. C.
name: Barker, P.
name: Beermann, F.
name: Horisberger, J.-D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Aldosterone-dependent epithelial sodium transport in the distal nephron is mediated by the absorption of sodium through the highly selective, amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) made of three homologous subunits (α, β, and γ). In human, autosomal recessive mutations of α, β, or γENaC subunits cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA-1), a renal salt-wasting syndrome characterized by severe hypovolemia, high plasma aldosterone, hyponatremia, life-threatening hyperkaliemia, and metabolic acidosis. In the mouse, inactivation of αENaC results in failure to clear fetal lung liquid at birth and in early neonatal death, preventing the observation of a PHA-1 renal phenotype. Transgenic expression of αENaC driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter in αENaC(−/−) knockout mice [αENaC(−/−)Tg] rescued the perinatal lethal pulmonary phenotype and partially restored Na+ transport in renal, colonic, and pulmonary epithelia. At days 5–9, however, αENaC(−/−)Tg mice showed clinical features of severe PHA-1 with metabolic acidosis, urinary salt-wasting, growth retardation, and 50% mortality. Adult αENaC(−/−)Tg survivors exhibited a compensated PHA-1 with normal acid/base and electrolyte values but 6-fold elevation of plasma aldosterone compared with wild-type littermate controls. We conclude that partial restoration of ENaC-mediated Na+ absorption in this transgenic mouse results in a mouse model for PHA-1.