cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Can Organically Produced Foods Attract South Korean Consumers?
Creators: name: Florkowski, Wojciech J.
name: Nambiar, Padmanand Madhavan
name: Suh, Dong-Kyun
name: Florkowski, Wojciech J.
name: Nambiar, Padmanand Madhavan
name: Suh, Dong-Kyun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Differences in perception of organic and conventional foods matter to food suppliers and retailers. Using survey data collected from 1,100 female residents of seven urban centers in Korea this study applies the logit technique to identify consumer and household characteristics that influence the perception differences regarding six attributes. Results indicate the importance of household income with regard to organic food preference and the opposite effect of education. Perceptions also differed across locations, while the effects of other characteristics varied in case of the six attributes. Food marketers must account for income, education and location of consumers to plan sales strategies.
Capping and gate control of anomalous Hall effect and hump structure in ultra-thin SrRuO$_3$ films
Creators: name: Kim, Donghan
name: Sohn, Byungmin
name: Kim, Minsoo
name: Hahn, Sungsoo
name: Kim, Youngdo
name: Kim, Jong Hyuk
name: Choi, Young Jai
name: Kim, Changyoung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferromagnetism and exotic topological structures in SrRuO$_3$ (SRO) induce sign-changing anomalous Hall effect (AHE). Recently, hump structures have been reported in the Hall resistivity of SRO thin films, especially in the ultra-thin regime. We investigate the AHE and hump structure in the Hall resistivity of SRO ultra-thin films with an SrTiO$_3$ (STO) capping layer and ionic liquid gating. STO capping results in sign changes in the AHE and modulation of the hump structure. In particular, the hump structure in the Hall resistivity is strongly modulated and even vanishes in STO-capped 4 unit cell (uc) films. In addition, the conductivity of STO-capped SRO ultra-thin films is greatly enhanced with restored ferromagnetism. We also performed ionic liquid gating to modulate the electric field at SRO/STO interface. Drastic changes in the AHE and hump structure are observed with different gate voltages. Our study shows that the hump structure as well as the AHE can be controlled by tuning inversion symmetry and the electric field at the interface.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Validation of Factors Influencing Successful Small Scale Farming in North Carolina
Creators: name: Yeboah, Anthony K.
name: Owens, John Paul
name: Bynum, Jarvetta S.
name: Boisson, Daniel
name: Yeboah, Anthony K.
name: Owens, John Paul
name: Bynum, Jarvetta S.
name: Boisson, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Small Farmers
subject: Agribusiness

description: This phase of the research project involves developing a survey instrument to test the validity and predictive value of the variables identified in previous case studies. Given the importance of small farm viability, this research project focuses on identifying ways to further enhance successful small farming in North Carolina. The survey instrument was designed to solicit production and financial data, attitudes and beliefs about farming, as well as demographic questions. The results demonstrated that successful farmers indicators were the “love of farming” and “manageable debt”. Other strong indicators of successful farmers included a combination of marketing strategies that utilize technology such as websites as well as local farmers markets and educational level. Knowledge about the successful small farm is likely to provide valuable information about how to evaluate the “successfulness” of small farm operations and produce best practices models for small scale farm operations.
Defining the Costs of an Outbreak of Karnal Bunt of Wheat
Creators: name: Brennan, John P.
name: Thorne, Fiona S.
name: Kelly, Paul W.
name: Murray, Gordon M.
name: Brennan, John P.
name: Thorne, Fiona S.
name: Kelly, Paul W.
name: Murray, Gordon M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: disease
subject: quarantine
subject: cost
subject: wheat

description: In determining the economic impact of a possible outbreak of the quarantinable wheat disease Karnal Bunt, an examination was made of the detailed components of the costs involved. The costs were classified as: (a) Direct costs (yield and quality losses); (b) Reaction costs (export bans, quality down-grading, seed industry costs); and (c) Control costs (quarantine zones, fungicides, spore destruction). The relative importance of each of these cost components is measured for a hypothetical outbreak of Karnal Bunt in the European Union, as a means of ensuring that the policy responses to such an outbreak are appropriate considering the costs involved.
Generalizing the DGLAP Evolution of Fragmentation Functions to the Smallest x Values
Creators: name: Albino, S.
name: Kniehl, B. A.
name: Kramer, G.
name: Ochs, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An approach which unifies the Double Logarithmic Approximation at small x and the leading order DGLAP evolution of fragmentation functions at large x is presented. This approach reproduces exactly the Modified Leading Logarithm Approximation, but is more complete due to the degrees of freedom given to the quark sector and the inclusion of the fixed order terms. We find that data from the largest x values to the peak region can be better fitted than with other approaches.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
FOREST unbiased Galactic plane imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope (FUGIN). VII. molecular fraction of HI clouds
Creators: name: Nakanishi, Hiroyuki
name: Fujita, Shinji
name: Tachihara, Kengo
name: Izumi, Natsuko
name: Matsuo, Mitsuhiro
name: Umemoto, Tomofumi
name: Oasa, Yumiko
name: Inoue, Tsuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we analyze molecular gas formation in neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) clouds using the latest CO data obtained from the four-beam receiver system on a 45-m telescope (FOREST) unbiased Galactic plane imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope (FUGIN) and HI data taken from the Very Large Array (VLA) Galactic plane survey (VGPS). We applied a dendrogram algorithm to the HI data cube to identify HI clouds, and we calculated the HI mass and molecular gas mass by summing the CO line intensity within each HI cloud. On the basis of the results, we created a catalog of 5,737 identified HI clouds with local standard of rest (LSR) velocity of $V_{\rm LSR}\le -20$ km s$^{-1}$ in Galactic longitude and latitude ranges of $20^\circ \le l \le 50^\circ$ and $-1^\circ \le b \le 1^\circ$, respectively. We found that most of the HI clouds are distributed within a Galactocentric distance of 16 kpc, most of which are in the Cold Neutral Medium (CNM) phase. In addition, we determined that the high-mass end of the mass HI function is well fitted with the power-law function with an index of 2.3. Although two sequences of self-gravitating and diffuse clouds are expected to appear in the M$_{\rm tot}$-M$_{{\rm H}_2}$ diagram according to previous works based on a plane-parallel model, the observational data show only a single sequence with large scattering within these two sequences. This implies that most of the clouds are mixtures of these two types of clouds. Moreover, we suggest the following scenario of molecular gas formation: An HI-dominant cloud evolved with increasing H$_2$ mass along a path of $M_{{\rm H}_2} \propto M_{\rm tot}^2$ by collecting diffuse gas before reaching and moving along the curves of the two sequences.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures and 2 tables
Growth Options and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: A Spatial Economywide Model Analysis for 2004-15
Creators: name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Nin Pratt, Alejandro
name: Ghautam, Madhur
name: Keough, James
name: Chamberlin, Jordan
name: You, Liangzhi
name: Puetz, Detlev
name: Resnick, Danielle
name: Yu, Bingxin
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Nin Pratt, Alejandro
name: Ghautam, Madhur
name: Keough, James
name: Chamberlin, Jordan
name: You, Liangzhi
name: Puetz, Detlev
name: Resnick, Danielle
name: Yu, Bingxin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Poverty alleviation
subject: Agricultural growth
subject: agricultural sector
subject: Millennium Development Goals
subject: Spatial analysis (Statistics)
subject: Disaggregation
subject: Household surveys
subject: Ethiopia
subject: Africa

description: This study assesses which agricultural subsectors have the strongest capacity to drive economic growth and poverty reduction in Ethiopia, and what kind of agricultural and nonagricultural growth is needed to achieve the millennium development goal of halving the 1990 poverty rate by 2015. A spatially disaggregated, economywide model was developed under the study, enabling the analysis of growth and poverty reduction linkages at national and regional levels using national household surveys, agricultural sample surveys, geographic information systems, and other national and regional data. The study reveals that agriculture has the potential to play a central role in decreasing poverty and increasing growth in Ethiopia, primarily through growth in staple crops and livestock. Agricultural growth also requires concurrent investments in roads and other market conditions. At the subnational level, similar rates of agricultural growth have different effects on poverty, necessitating regionally based strategies for growth and poverty reduction.
description: Also published as EDRI-ESSP Policy Working Paper No. 2: Xinshen Diao; Alejandro Nin Pratt; Madhur Ghautam; James Keough; Jordan Chamberlin; Liangszi You; Detlev Puetz; Danielle Resnick; Bingxin Yu. 2005. Growth options and poverty reduction in Ethiopia: a spatial, economywide model analysis for 2004-15.
Fiscal Decentralization and Political Centralization in China: Implications for Regional Inequality
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Nonfarm sector
subject: Regional economics
subject: Inequality

description: While, politically speaking, China has a centralized government structure with strong top-down mandates, under the country’s current fiscal system, local governments are responsible for providing most local public goods and services. Large differences in economic structures and revenue bases exist, however, causing the implicit tax rate and fiscal burdens in support of local government functions to vary significantly across jurisdictions. Regions initially endowed with a broader nonfarm tax base do not need to rely heavily on new and existing firms to finance public goods provision, which creates a healthy investment environment in support of nonfarm sector growth. In contrast, local governments in regions where agriculture is the major economic activity spend the majority of their resources on their own operating costs, leaving little for public investment. Because of the relatively high transaction costs associated with collecting taxes from the agricultural sector, local governments tend to levy the existing nonfarm sector heavily, thereby greatly inhibiting its growth. As a result, regional differences in economic structures and fiscal dependent burdens may translate into widening gaps in equality.
description: Published as Zhang, Xiaobo. 2006. Fiscal decentralization and political centralization in China: implications for regional inequality. Journal of Comparative Economics.
Constraints on the Dark Energy from the holographic connection to the small l CMB Suppression
Creators: name: Shen, Jianyong
name: Wang, Bin
name: Abdalla, Elcio
name: Su, Ru-Keng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the recently obtained holographic cosmic duality, we reached a reasonable quantitative agreement between predictions of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation at small l and the WMAP observations, showing the power of the holographic idea. We also got constraints on the dark energy and its behaviour as a function of the redshift upon relating it to the small l CMB spectrum. For a redshift independent dark energy, our constraint is consistent with the supernova results, which again shows the correctness of the cosmic duality prescription. We have also extended our study to the redshift dependence of the dark energy.
description: accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
Rural Non-farm Development in China and India: The Role of Policies and Institutions
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Anit
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Mukherjee, Anit
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Industrial policy
subject: Policy research
subject: Non-farm development

description: The dynamic rural nonfarm sector in China has been a major contributor to the country’s remarkable growth, while in India the growth in output and employment in this sector has been rather stagnant. The paper argues that the observed patterns in the rural nonfarm development are the results of institutional differences between the two countries, especially in their political systems, ownership structure, and credit institutions. A review of the strengths and weaknesses of the rural nonfarm economy in China and India highlights the potentials and challenges of growth in the sector.
Probing dynamics of water mass transfer in organic porous photocatalyst water-splitting materials by neutron spectroscopy
Creators: name: Zbiri, Mohamed
name: Aitchison, Catherine M.
name: Sprick, Reiner S.
name: Cooper, Andrew I.
name: Guilbert, Anne A. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quest for efficient and economically accessible cleaner methods to develop sustainable carbon-free energy sources induced a keen interest in the production of hydrogen fuel. This can be achieved via the water-splitting process exploiting solar energy but requiring the use of adequate photocatalysts. Covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) are target photocatalysts for water-splitting. Both electronic and structural characteristics of CTFs, optical bandgaps and porosity, are directly relevant for water-splitting. These can be engineered through chemical design. Porosity can be beneficial to water-splitting by providing larger surface area for the catalytic reactions. However, porosity can also affect both charge transport within the photocatalyst and mass transfer of both reactants and products, thus impacting the overall kinetics of the reaction. We focus on the link between chemical design and water (reactants) mass transfer, playing a key role in the water uptake process and the subsequent hydrogen generation. We use neutron spectroscopy to study water mass transfer in two porous CTFs, CTF-CN and CTF-2, that differ in the polarity of their struts. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) is used to quantify the amount of bound water and the translational diffusion of water. Inelastic neutron scattering measurements complement QENS and provides insights into the softness of the CTF structures and the changes in librational degrees of freedom of water in CTFs. We show that CTF-CN exhibits smaller surface area and water uptake due to a softer structure than CTF-2. The current study leads to new insights into the structure-dynamics-property relationship of CTF photo-catalysts that pave the road for a better understanding of the guest-host interaction at the basis of water splitting applications.
Thermal generation, manipulation and detection of skyrmions
Creators: name: Wang, Zidong
name: Guo, Minghua
name: Zhou, Heng-An
name: Zhao, Le
name: Xu, Teng
name: Tomasello, Riccardo
name: Bai, Hao
name: Dong, Yiqing
name: Je, Soong Geun
name: Chao, Weilun
name: Han, Hee-Sung
name: Lee, Suseok
name: Lee, Ki-Suk
name: Yao, Yunyan
name: Han, Wei
name: Song, Cheng
name: Wu, Huaqiang
name: Carpentieri, Mario
name: Finocchio, Giovanni
name: Im, Mi-Young
name: Lin, Shi-Zeng
name: Jiang, Wanjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent years have witnessed significant progresses in realizing skyrmions in chiral magnets1-4 and asymmetric magnetic multilayers5-13, as well as their electrical manipulation2,7,8,10. Equally important, thermal generation, manipulation and detection of skyrmions can be exploited for prototypical new architecture with integrated computation14 and energy harvesting15. It has yet to verify if skyrmions can be purely generated by heating16,17, and if their resultant direction of motion driven by temperature gradients follows the diffusion or, oppositely, the magnonic spin torque17-21. Here, we address these important issues in microstructured devices made of multilayers: (Ta_CoFeB_MgO)15, (Pt_CoFeB_MgO_Ta)15 and (Pt_Co_Ta)15 integrated with on-chip heaters, by using a full-field soft X-ray microscopy. The thermal generation of densely packed skyrmions is attributed to the low energy barrier at the device edge, together with the thermally induced morphological transition from stripe domains to skyrmions. The unidirectional diffusion of skyrmions from the hot region towards the cold region is experimentally observed. It can be theoretically explained by the combined contribution from repulsive forces between skyrmions, and thermal spin-orbit torques in competing with magnonic spin torques17,18,20,21 and entropic forces22. These thermally generated skyrmions can be further electrically detected by measuring the accompanied anomalous Nernst voltages23. The on-chip thermoelectric generation, manipulation and detection of skyrmions could open another exciting avenue for enabling skyrmionics, and promote interdisciplinary studies among spin caloritronics15, magnonics24 and skyrmionics3,4,12.
description: All comments are welcome, Supplementary Materials are available upon request
Social Capital and the Reproduction of Economic Inequality in Polarized Societies
Creators: name: Mogues, Tewodaj
name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Mogues, Tewodaj
name: Carter, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Equality
subject: Social capital
subject: economic distribution

description: This paper explores the idea of how wealth is distributed across social groups (ethnic or language groups, gender, etc.) and how such distribution fundamentally affects the evolution of economic inequality. By providing microfoundations suitable for this exploration, the paper hopes to enhance the understanding of when social forces contribute to the reproduction of economic inequality. In tackling this issue, the paper offers contributions in two domains. First, it models social capital as a real capital asset with direct use and collateral value. Second, it extends the concepts of identity, alienation and polarization used by Esteban and Ray (1994). This generalization permits consideration of the multiple characteristics that shape social identity, inclusion and exclusion. It also underwrites a higher-order measure of socioeconomic polarization that permits exploration of the hypothesis that economic inequality is most pernicious and persistent when it is socially embedded. Among other things the paper shows that holding constant the initial levels of economic polarization and wealth inequality, higher socioeconomic polarization increases subsequent income and wealth inequality. Far from being a distributionally neutral panacea for missing markets, social capital in this model may itself generate exclusion and deepen social and economic cleavages.
description: Published as Mogues, Tewodaj; Carter, Michael. 2005. Social capital and the reproduction of economic inequality in polarized societies. Journal of Economic Inequality 3(3): 193-219.
A follow-up to 'Does Nature abhor a logarithm?' (and apparently she doesn't)
Creators: name: Medved, A. J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This letter contains a brief discussion on the leading-order canonical correction to the Bekenstein-Hawking (black hole) entropy. In particular, we address some recent criticism directed at an earlier commentary.
description: 4 pages
Optimal Control of the Sabatier Process in Microchannel Reactors
Creators: name: Blauth, Sebastian
name: Leithäuser, Christian
name: Pinnau, René
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 80A32, 49M05, 35Q35, 65K10

description: We consider the optimization of a chemical microchannel reactor by means of PDE constrained optimization techniques, using the example of the Sabatier reaction. To model the chemically reacting flow in the microchannels, we introduce a three- and a one-dimensional model. As these are given by strongly coupled and highly nonlinear systems of partial differential equations (PDEs), we present our software package cashocs which implements the adjoint approach and facilitates the numerical solution of the subsequent optimization problems. We solve a parameter identification problem numerically to determine necessary kinetic parameters for the models from experimental data given in the literature. The obtained results show excellent agreement to the measurements. Finally, we present two optimization problems for optimizing the reactor's product yield. First, we use a tracking-type cost functional to maximize the reactant conversion, keep the flow rate of the reactor fixed, and use its wall temperature as optimization variable. Second, we consider the wall temperature and the inlet gas velocity as optimization variables, use an objective functional for maximizing the flow rate in the reactor, and ensure the quality of the product by means of a state constraint. The results obtained from solving these problems numerically show great potential for improving the design of the microreactor.
Additional file 2 of Declining trend in HIV new infections in Guangxi, China: insights from linking reported HIV/AIDS cases with CD4-at-diagnosis data
Creators: name: Xiaodan Sun
name: Wenmin Yang
name: Tang, Sanyi
name: Mingwang Shen
name: Tianyang Wang
name: Qiuying Zhu
name: Zhiyong Shen
name: Shuai Tang
name: Huanhuan Chen
name: Yuhua Ruan
name: Yanni Xiao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2 Comparisons between real data and model predictions obtained by method 1.
Additional file 2 of Low food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT): a barrier to dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy in school age children
Creators: name: Doustmohammadian, Azam
name: Omidvar, Nasrin
name: Keshavarz-Mohammadi, Nastaran
name: Eini-Zinab, Hassan
name: Amini, Maryam
name: Abdollahi, Morteza
name: Amirhamidi, Zeinab
name: Haidari, Homa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S2. The nutrient adequacy ratio percent of certain nutrients by sex in 10–12 years students in Tehran (n = 493).
The winds of the hot massive first stars
Creators: name: Krticka, J.
name: Kubat, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dynamical aspects of circumstellar environment around massive zero-metallicity first stars. For this purpose we apply our NLTE wind models. We show that the hydrogen-helium stellar wind from stationary massive first generation (Population III) stars (driven either by the line (bound-bound) or continuum (bound-free and free-free) transitions) is unlikely. The possibility of expulsion of chemically homogeneous wind and the role of minor isotopes are also discussed. Finally, we estimate the importance of hydrogen and helium lines for shutting off the initial accretion onto first stars and its influence on initial mass function of first stars.
description: 15 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
HACCP/RMP Adoption in the New Zealand Meat Industry
Creators: name: Cao, Kay
name: Scrimgeour, Frank G.
name: Cao, Kay
name: Scrimgeour, Frank G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: HACCP/RMP implementation
subject: HACCP/RMP benefits and costs
subject: New Zealand Meat Industry

description: In New Zealand, the Animal Products Act 1999 requires that all animal product primary processing businesses must have a risk management programme (RMP) based on the principles of Hazards Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). However, due to market access requirements, many primary food exporters have voluntarily adopted HACCP systems for food safety management since the 1990s. This paper studies the process of HACCP/RMP adoption and the transition from voluntary HACCP to mandatory RMP in New Zealand Meat Industry. The main issues explored are plants' motivations, implementation problems, costs and benefits associated with the implementation of HACCP/RMP. The paper concludes with implications for policy design and further research.
Labelling issues of organic and GM foods in Australia
Creators: name: Chang, Hui-Shung (Christie)
name: Chang, Hui-Shung (Christie)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: organic foods
subject: GM foods
subject: food labelling

description: Growth in the demand for organic foods has been phenomenal in the past decade both on Australia and overseas because organic production is seen to be beneficial to both human health and the environment. In general, organic products commend a price premium over conventional products. Since organic attributes cannot be verified easily and there is no control over the use of the word "organic" in the Australian market, the organic label has been subject to abuse. Over ten years, the Australian organic industry has called for a domestic regulation, claiming that any incidence of consumer deception and product misrepresentation can result in the loss of consumer confidence and sales, and more importantly, hinder future industry growth. However, the Government has rejected the calls. On the other hand, despite its recent history, the labelling of GM foods has become mandatory since 2001. This paper examines the arguments for and against the mandatory labelling of organic foods in Australia, compares the political and marketing environments in which organic and GMO foods operate, and assesses the appropriateness of the differing regulatory responses.
A multifaceted quantitative validity assessment of laparoscopic surgical simulators
Creators: name: Kinnaird, Catherine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The objective of this work was to design an experimental surgical tool and data acquisition protocol to quantitatively measure surgeon motor behaviour in a human operating room (OR). We want to use expert OR behaviour data to evaluate the concurrent validity of two types of laparoscopic surgical simulators. Current training and evaluation methods are subjective and potentially unreliable, and surgical simulators have been recognized as potential objective training and measurement tools, even though their validity has not been quantitatively established. We compare surgeon motor behaviour in the OR to a ~$50 000 virtual reality simulator, and a ~$1 physical "orange" simulator. It is our contention that if expert behaviour in a simulator is the same as in the OR, then that simulator is a valid measurement tool. A standard laparoscopic surgical tool is instrumented with optical, magnetic, and force/torque sensors to create a hybrid system. We use the hybrid tool in a pilot study, to collect continuous kinematics and force/torque profiles in a human OR. We compare the position, velocity, acceleration, jerk, and force/torque profiles of two expert surgeons across analogous tasks in the three settings (OR, VR, and physical) using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. We find that intra- and intersubject differences between settings are small (D < 0.3), which indicates that experts exhibit the same motor behaviour in each setting. This also helps to validate our choice of performance measures and analysis method. However, we find larger intersetting expert differences (0.3 < D < 1) from the OR to simulators. We suspect that experts behave the same as each other in all settings, but that OR behaviour is considerably different from simulator behaviour. In other words, for this preliminary study we find that the VR and physical simulators both demonstrate poor performance validity.
Additional file 1 of The characteristics of risk factors in Chinese young women with acute coronary syndrome
Creators: name: Ruifang Liu
name: Fangxing Xu
name: Yujie Zhou
name: Liu, Tongku
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental data table 1. Baseline data of coronary angiographic characteristics and stents implantation in ACS group. Supplemental data table 2. The BMI distribution of patients in the study. Supplemental data table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of ACS risk factors. Supplemental data table 4. A bivariate correlation analysis of CRP level and age.
All-optical switching and amplification of discrete vector solitons in nonlinear cubic birefringent waveguide arrays
Creators: name: Vicencio, Rodrigo A.
name: Molina, Mario I.
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study all-optical switching based on the dynamical properties of discrete vector solitons in waveguide arrays. We employ the concept of the polarization mode instability and demonstrate simultaneous switching and amplification of a weak signal by a strong pump of the other polarization.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Optics Letters
Simultaneous TESS and NGTS Transit Observations of WASP-166b
Creators: name: Bryant, Edward M.
name: Bayliss, Daniel
name: McCormac, James
name: Wheatley, Peter J.
name: Acton, Jack S.
name: Anderson, David R.
name: Armstrong, David J.
name: Bouchy, François
name: Belardi, Claudia
name: Burleigh, Matthew R.
name: Tilbrook, Rosie H.
name: Casewell, Sarah L.
name: Cooke, Benjamin F.
name: Gill, Samuel
name: Goad, Michael R.
name: Jenkins, James S.
name: Lendl, Monika
name: Pollacco, Don
name: Queloz, Didier
name: Raynard, Liam
name: Smith, Alexis M. S.
name: Vines, Jose I.
name: West, Richard G.
name: Udry, Stephane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed a transit of WASP-166 b using nine NGTS telescopes simultaneously with TESS observations of the same transit. We achieved a photometric precision of 152 ppm per 30 minutes with the nine NGTS telescopes combined, matching the precision reached by TESS for the transit event around this bright (T=8.87) star. The individual NGTS light curve noise is found to be dominated by scintillation noise and appears free from any time-correlated noise or any correlation between telescope systems. We fit the NGTS data for $T_C$ and $R_p/R_*$. We find $T_C$ to be consistent to within 0.25$σ$ of the result from the TESS data, and the difference between the TESS and NGTS measured $R_p/R_*$ values is 0.9$σ$. This experiment shows that multi-telescope NGTS photometry can match the precision of TESS for bright stars, and will be a valuable tool in refining the radii and ephemerides for bright TESS candidates and planets. The transit timing achieved will also enable NGTS to measure significant transit timing variations in multi-planet systems.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Declining trend in HIV new infections in Guangxi, China: insights from linking reported HIV/AIDS cases with CD4-at-diagnosis data
Creators: name: Xiaodan Sun
name: Wenmin Yang
name: Tang, Sanyi
name: Mingwang Shen
name: Tianyang Wang
name: Qiuying Zhu
name: Zhiyong Shen
name: Shuai Tang
name: Huanhuan Chen
name: Yuhua Ruan
name: Yanni Xiao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Descriptions of Method 1 and Method 2.
Therates nagaii Sawada and Wiesner 2000
Creators: name: Wiesner, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cincidelidae
Therates
Therates nagaii

description: 28. Therates nagaii Sawada and Wiesner
(Fig. 216)
Therates nagaii Sawada and Wiesner 2000b: 97, 98, f. 3, 6 - 8, 11 - 13.
Therates nagaii. Cassola and Klícha 2002: 39.
Type depository. Holotype male in YYJC, paratypes in JWGC, YYJC and ZSMC.
Type status. Paratypes! Type labels: “N Myanmar, Kachin State, S Kumon Range, Zan Phut (Makoutsup Hill), 28.v.2000, 1200 m, Shinji Nagai leg.” [printed, yellow]; PARATYPE Therates nagaii SAWADA and WIESNER, ded. J. Wiesner 2000" [printed, red].
Diagnosis. Distinguished by the laterally yellowish ventral yellow venter, short elytral apex, and elytral maculation which does not reach the middle suture.
Re-description. Size: Total length (without labrum) 5.8 mm- 7.5 mm (mean= 6.7 mm, n=13). Head: Shining greenish black. Mandibles yellowish, brownish distally in females, teeth brownish marginally. Labrum (male Fig. 222, female Fig. 223) as long as wide, yellowish, with six to seven apical teeth and one lateral tooth. Labial and maxillary palpi yellowish. Antennae slender, extending posteriorally behind elytral shoulders in females, longer in males, scape with a single apical bristle, antennomeres 2 to 5 glabrous, antennomeres 6 to 11 finely and evenly pubescent; scape yellowish above, black on underside, all the other antennal segments brownish black. Clypeus glabrous. Frons smooth. Thorax: Pronotum shining greenish black, barely longer than wide, constricted in front and at back, transverse furrows strong, middle line and lateral lines nearly obsolete, middle line with several transverse short branches. Elytra: Shining black, with basal and apical humps, distinctly punctate in front, shallower in the apical half (Fig. 217). Apex with angular lateral corner and a tiny sutural tooth or corner, straight or somewhat recurved between. Distance between apical hump and lateral tooth short. Maculation comprise of a brownish yellow humeral lunule, brownish yellow basal dot, yellow central dot which is acutely angled outwards toward the front, and large brownish yellow apical dot which includes the distal part of the apical humps (Figs. 218-220). The humeral lunule is sometimes connected with basal and central dots. Ventral aspect: Venter brownish yellow. Legs yellowish, tibiae and tarsomeres somewhat darkened distally. Aedeagus: (Fig. 221) curved, with a stout tip distally, total length 1.3 mm.
Distribution. Myanmar (Kachin).
description: Published as part of Wiesner, Jürgen, 2013, The chennelli group of the Genus Therates Latreille (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) 114. Contribution towards the knowledge of Cicindelidae, pp. 1-86 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (315) on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5176988
Selling Australia as "clean and green"
Creators: name: Chang, Hui-Shung (Christie)
name: Kristiansen, Paul
name: Chang, Hui-Shung (Christie)
name: Kristiansen, Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: export marketing
subject: clean green image

description: "Green and clean" has been used as a key marketing tool to promote Australian products overseas. The rationale is that consumers are generally concerned about personal health and the environment and will choose, and pay price premiums, for products that are perceived to be clean (good for them) and green (good for the environment) over alternative products. But is Australia seen as clean and green? Is it really why people buy Australian? This paper attempts to investigate such questions
O VII and O VIII absorption by hot gas in the vicinity of the Galaxy
Creators: name: McKernan, B.
name: Yaqoob, T.
name: Reynolds, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) We searched for evidence of soft X-ray absorption by hot gas in the vicinity of the Galaxy in a small sample of fifteen type I AGN observed with the high resolution X-ray gratings on board Chandra. We find that around half of the sight lines in our sample exhibit absorption due to local H- or He-like Oxygen (or both) at confidence levels ranging from >90% to >3sigma. Depending on the sight line, the absorption can be identified with hot gas in particular local structures, the Local Group (LG) or the putative local hot intergalactic medium (IGM). Several sight lines in our sample coincide with sight lines in a study of O VI absorption by local gas, so an assumption of collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) allows us to constrain the temperature of the local hot gas. We show that some portion of the hot absorbing outflows apparently detected in the spectra of NGC 4051, PDS 456 and PG 1211+143 respectively could actually correspond to absorption by hot local gas since the outflow velocity from each of these AGN coincides with the respective cosmological recession velocity of the AGN.
description: 8 pages. Modified discussion of Fe-K band absorption features in PDS 456 and PG 1211+143
Therates schuelei Wiesner 2013, new species
Creators: name: Wiesner, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cincidelidae
Therates
Therates schuelei

description: 29. Therates schuelei new species
(Fig. 224)
Type depository. Holotype male in JWCG, paratypes in JWCG. HSJC and PSGC.
Type status. Holotype male! Type labels: “ Vietnam, Hue province, Bach Ma Nat. Park, E. Jendek leg., N 16°12', E 107°51', 16-20.iv.2012, 400- 1200 m ” [printed, yellow]; HOLOTYPE Therates schuelei n. sp., ded. J. Wiesner 2013" [printed, red]. Paratypes! Type labels: “ Vietnam, Hue province, Bach Ma Nat. Park, E. Jendek leg., N 16°12', E 107°51', 16-20.iv.2012, 400- 1200 m ” [printed, yellow]; PARATYPE Therates schuelei n. sp., ded. J. Wiesner 2013" [printed, red].
Diagnosis. Distinguished by the combination of laterally darkened labrum, transparent brownish elytral apex, long antennae, and black venter.
Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Peter Schüle for his assistance during these studies.
Description. Size: Total length (without labrum) 6.7 mm- 7.6 mm, (mean= 7.2 mm, n=5). Head: Shining greenish black. Mandibles yellowish, brownish distally in female, teeth brownish marginally. Labrum (male Fig. 229, female Fig. 230) as wide as long, yellowish, lateral margins dark brown, with six apical teeth and one lateral tooth. Labial and maxillary palpi yellowish. Antennae lanceolate, extending posteriorally behind elytral shoulders in female, somewhat longer in the male, scape with a single apical bristle, antennomeres 2 to 5 glabrous, antennomeres 6 to 11 finely and evenly pubescent; scape yellowish above, black on underside, all the other antennal segments blackish. Clypeus glabrous. Frons smooth, with a transverse furrow in the posterior part of the orbital plates. Thorax: Pronotum shining greenish black, as long as wide, barely more constricted in front than at back, transverse furrows strong, middle line and lateral lines nearly obsolete, middle line with several transverse short branches. Elytra: Shining black, with basal and apical humps, distinctly punctate in front, nearly absent in apical half (Fig. 225). Apex with angular lateral and sutural tooth, recurved between, somewhat transparent brownish, suture yellowish. Maculation yellow, composed of a humeral lunule, basal dot, and central dot which is acutely angled outwards toward the front (Figs. 226, 227). Ventral aspect: Venter black. Legs of males yellowish, tibiae and tarsomeres somewhat darkened distally, femora darkened in distal half, legs of females somewhat darker. Aedeagus: (Fig. 228) straight, produced into a tip distally, total length 1.7 mm.
Distribution. Vietnam (Thua Thien-Hue).
description: Published as part of Wiesner, Jürgen, 2013, The chennelli group of the Genus Therates Latreille (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) 114. Contribution towards the knowledge of Cicindelidae, pp. 1-86 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (315) on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5176988
Success Factors of Digital Markets in the Agricultural and Food Industry
Creators: name: Clasen, Michael
name: Clasen, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: digital marketplaces
subject: success factors
subject: agriculture
subject: food industry

description: In this paper hypotheses concerning the success of digital market places for agricultural inputs and products are tested. The hypotheses were derived from transaction cost considerations. Success of digital market places was measured in two ways: (i) the probability for a digital marketplace to survive the competition from conventional and other digital market places and (ii) various metrics of market activity such as the number of hits received, number of incoming links, and page views per visitor session. Data were obtained from a survey of 233 digital market places that had been installed to serve the agricultural and food industries.
Integration of sustainability into the mine design process
Creators: name: Odell, Carol Jane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: With the growing worldwide interest in corporate social responsibility and sustainable development, the mining industry is under increasing pressure to design, operate and close mining operations in accordance with the principles of sustainable societies This thesis investigates the hypothesis that a holistic mine design process, which integrates social, environmental and institutional criteria on an equal footing with the geological, engineering and economic criteria traditionally considered, can improve the sustainability outcomes of a mine. The research generated a composite case study using borehole data and a geological model from a North American porphyry copper deposit and environmental, social and institutional data from the Peruvian Andes. The guidelines for the incorporation of sustainability concerns into engineering practice produced by the Association o f Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia (APEGBC), were then applied to the case study to assess 4 mine design scenarios for the mineral deposit at the scoping level using the multi-criteria assessment methodology. In all areas: economic, engineering, geological, environmental , social and institutional; profiling tools were located which enabled the production of holistic baseline data. Economic and environmental predictive tools appeared adequate for holistic design with minor modifications. Social predictive tools produced useful insights into impacts requiring further analysis. These tools require participatory assessment, and can be improved by using tools which assess specific community characteristics. Institutional predictive tools were found to be the least adequate, although this is an area which is undergoing rapid development. Overall the research provided useful insights into sustainability issues for the case study and alternative designs which might increase benefits and mitigate impacts. It also demonstrated the importance of the decision structuring step to producing useful modeling outcomes. The results suggested that certain sustainability issues may be better incorporated into corporate level strategy rather than project level design, although both corporate and project level attention to sustainability are critical to producing outcomes. The prototype tools developed showed considerable promise for integrating sustainability concerns into the mine design process, which with further refinement and practical application could develop into integrated decision support tools for holistic mine design.
Relationship between the gamma-ray burst pulse width and energy due to the Doppler effect of fireballs
Creators: name: Qin, Y. -P.
name: Dong, Y. -M.
name: Lu, R. -J.
name: Zhang, B. -B.
name: Jia, L. -W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study in details how the pulse width of gamma-ray bursts is related with energy under the assumption that the sources concerned are in the stage of fireballs. Due to the Doppler effect of fireballs, there exists a power law relationship between the two quantities within a limited range of frequency. The power law range and the power law index depend strongly on the observed peak energy $E_p$ as well as the rest frame radiation form, and the upper and lower limits of the power law range can be determined by $E_p$. It is found that, within the same power law range, the ratio of the $FWHM$ of the rising portion to that of the decaying phase of the pulses is also related with energy in the form of power laws. A platform-power-law-platform feature could be observed in the two relationships. In the case of an obvious softening of the rest frame spectrum, the two power law relationships also exist, but the feature would evolve to a peaked one. Predictions on the relationships in the energy range covering both the BATSE and Swift bands for a typical hard burst and a typical soft one are made. A sample of FRED (fast rise and exponential decay) pulse bursts shows that 27 out of the 28 sources belong to either the platform-power-law-platform feature class or the peaked feature group, suggesting that the effect concerned is indeed important for most of the sources of the sample. Among these bursts, many might undergo an obvious softening evolution of the rest frame spectrum.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal