cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gamma-rays from anisotropic IC e^{\pm} pair cascades in microquasars: Application to Cyg X-3
Creators: name: Sitarek, Julian
name: Bednarek, Włodzimierz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microquasars have been expected to emit high energy gamma-rays due to their general similarities to the gamma-ray emitting blazars (evidences of relativistic jets, non-thermal radio to X-ray emission). In fact, the first source of this type, Cyg X-3, has been recently unambiguously discovered by the satellite telescopes. We study the features of the gamma-ray radiation produced in these sources by relativistic electrons, accelerated in the inner part of the jet. The electrons initiate an Inverse Compton e^\pm pair cascade in the radiation field of the accretion disk. Due to the anisotropy of the accretion disk radiation field, the spectra of gamma-rays show strong dependence on the observation angle, the location of the emission region within the jet and the details of the acceleration process. As an example, we confront our model with the observations of the microquasar Cyg X-3, which has been recently reported as a transient GeV gamma-ray source by the Agile and the Fermi Observatories. Satisfactory description of the gamma-ray spectra observed from Cyg X-3 are obtained in the case of the injection of electrons in the inner part of the jet (located within 300 inner disk radius from the jet base) provided that the observer is located at relatively small angle to the jet axis.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Under pressure: status-related consumption in the 'squeezed middle'
Creators: name: Miles, Alice
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2021

description: Over the past 20 years, rising inequality in the UK has taken an uncertain shape in national politics. Politicians have variously claimed allegiance to a ‘squeezed middle’ or ‘just about managing’ families or to those ‘left behind’ by economic progress. Conservative Prime Ministers have pledged to tackle inequality and the social problems that arise alongside it, or have blamed ‘wrong personal choices’, and now commit to ‘levelling up’ without being at all clear what they mean. This thesis concentrates on families on low-to-middle incomes in South East England, and the ways in which they negotiate social and economic inequality and the risk of being financially and geographically ‘squeezed’; and asks what it takes to keep up, or get on, in a highly unequal region of a very unequal country. I explore the positional consumption of 33 low-to-middle income families in two neighbourhoods, one socially uniform and the other socially mixed. Qualitative interviews explore what the (mostly) mothers spend, why, and with whom they are comparing. I show how local reference groups, as well as a complex set of other social comparisons, affect status concerns and positional consumption. This contributes to understanding of the mechanisms by which inequality affects social well-being at the individual level. A second strand of analysis estimates the actual spend on positional consumption by these families, enabling me to test the qualitative findings against the £ spent. This study portrays a picture of a group generally silent in the empirical literature, low-to-middle income families in the ‘squeezed middle’ of South East England, itself part of a wider middle-income group variously theorised as both agents and victims of inequality; and as socially, culturally and politically ‘missing’ or ‘weak’.
title: Osteomyelitic alterations in patients with diabetic foot: evaluation with contrast-enhanced MRI.
Creators: name: Rosati, Elisa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Extremities
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: MR
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Inflammation
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Osteomyelitis represents 15% of slight coplications and even 50% of severe ones of diabetic foot desease. In most of the cases, conventional radiograms are not sufficient to define infective bone involvement. Contrast enhanced Magnetic Resonance...
Critical incidents in grieving the death of companion animals
Creators: name: Alexander, David Allan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This study examined what bereaved pet owners found particularly helpful and particularly difficult in their grieving process. The Critical Incident Technique (CIT) was used. Eight bereaved pet owners identified 87 helping and 44 hindering categories that formed 12 helping and 7 hindering categories. The following helping categories had the highest participation rate: Social Support, Reminders & Keepsakes, and Calm Final Moments. The most highly endorsed hindering categories were: Guilt, Regret, and Second-Guessing; Hindering Social Responses / Lack of Support and Understanding; and Difficulty Transitioning to Life Without the Animal. Nine credibility-checks were performed to ensure the integrity of the data and the study findings.
Extended nonlocal chiral-quark model for the D- and B-meson weak-decay constants
Creators: name: Nam, Seung-il
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we construct a phenomenological effective model for the heavy-light quark systems, which consist of (u,d,c,b) quarks, i.e. extended nonlocal chiral-quark model (ExNLChQM) to compute the heavy-meson weak-decay constants f_D and f_B. ExNLChQM is based on the heavy-quark effective field theory as well as the dilute instanton-vacuum configuration. In ExNLChQM, a certain portion of the heavy-meson mass is considered to be generated from the nontrivial QCD vacuum contribution, being similar to that for the light quarks in usual instanton approaches. Hence, the effective heavy- and light-quark masses become momentum-dependent and play the role of a smooth UV regulator. Employing a generic external-field method applied to the effective action from ExNLChQM, we obtain f_D = (169.28 ~ 234.57) MeV and f_B = (165.41 ~ 229.21) MeV from the numerical results, depending on different model parameters. These values are in relatively good agreement with experimental data and various theoretical estimations. We also discuss the heavy-quark effects on the QCD vacuum, and the decay constants f_D^* and f_B^* in terms of the heavy-quark spin symmetry.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Plates, planets, and phase changes: 50 years of petrology
Creators: name: Walker, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Petrology
Science
History
Plate tectonics
Planetology

description: Three advances of the previous half-century fundamentally altered petrology, along with the rest of the Earth sciences. Planetary exploration, plate tectonics, and a plethora of new tools all changed the way we understand, and the way we explore, our natural world. And yet the same large questions in petrology remain the same large questions. We now have more information and understanding, but we still wish to know the following. How do we account for the variety of rock types that are found? What does the variety and distribution of these materials in time and space tell us? Have there been secular changes to these patterns, and are there future implications? This review examines these bigger questions in the context of our new understandings and suggests the extent to which these questions have been answered. We now do know how the early evolution of planets can proceed from examples other than Earth, how the broad rock cycle of the present plate tectonic regime of Earth works, how the lithosphere atmosphere hydrosphere and biosphere have some connections to each other, and how our resources depend on all these things. We have learned that small planets, whose early histories have not been erased, go through a wholesale igneous processing essentially coeval with their formation. By inference, this also happened to Earth. The early differentiation on a small planet produces observable basaltic rock types—and produces little else besides a residue and a planetary core. In contrast, the larger Earth’s preservation of its original differentiation products has been eroded by continued activity which still involves extensive basaltic volcanism with further reprocessing through plate tectonic cycles to form continents and cratons. We also now have a good understanding of the pressure-induced phase changes that are responsible for the Earth’s mantle’s seismic layered structure. It is unclear the extent to which this layered seismic structure corresponds to chemical layering as well as to mineralogical layering. Earth’s transition zone, lower, and upper mantles may not have the same composition. It is possible that still larger exoplanets might be expected to develop additional modes of activity with emphasis on additional phase changes producing more internal layering and differentiation.
Genomic and Proteomic Approaches to Understanding Conjugation in Rhizobium leguminosarum VF39
Creators: name: Hiniduma Gama Achchi, Kasuni Maheshika Hemananda
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biology--Molecular

description: The root nodule bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum strain VF39 contains six large single copy plasmids and a single circular chromosome. These six plasmids are named pRleVF39a to pRleVF39f in order of increasing size. pRleVF39a and pRleVF39b are self-transmissible plasmids. pRleVF39b has a type IVa rhizobial conjugation system and is characterized by presence of a shorter relaxase gene (traA) than other systems. It also has a gene encoding a negative transcriptional regulator (trbR) belonging to the Xre family and shows a lack of some common genes found in the other conjugation systems. The transfer region of pRleVF39b contains 15 hypothetical protein encoding genes with no known function. It was hypothesized that some of these proteins interact with TraA to form a relaxase complex. Thus, TraA protein-protein interactions were analysed by performing a pull-down assay followed by LC-MS/MS identification. The analysis has shown TraA interaction with the proteins encoded in trb region of pRleVF39b, and some other chromosomally encoded proteins with known TraA interaction. These interactions appear to be largely dependent on the presence of the coupling protein, TraG. Transposon sequencing experiments were performed to identify any additional genes potentially involved in pRleVF39a and pRleVF39b plasmid transfer. The results revealed 67 genes potentially involved in pRleVF39b plasmid transfer and 53 genes putatively involved in pRleVF39a plasmid transfer. The previously known but not well-studied repressor (traM) and activator (traR) in the pRleVF39a conjugation system and hyp1 and hyp2 genes located immediately downstream of traR were identified as potential regulators of pRleVF39a plasmid transfer. The pRleVF39b gene list contains 23 genes identified from previous studies and 44 genes newly identified from this work. The effect of the mutation of traG, encoding the coupling protein, on transfer of pRleVF39b to plasmid-free Agrobacterium recipients was analyzed. A traG marked mutant reduced the plasmid transfer frequency by ~200 fold compared to the wild type. Transfer frequency of the pRleVF39b plasmid was zero when the traG marked mutant was made in a pRleVF39a cured background, suggesting that residual transfer by traG mutants made in the wild type background might be a result of cointegrates between pRleVF39a and pRleVF39b.
A precise determination of the psibar-psi anomalous dimension in conformal gauge theories
Creators: name: Patella, Agostino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A strategy for computing the psibar-psi anomalous dimension at the fixed point in infrared-conformal gauge theories from lattice simulations is discussed. The method is based on the scaling of the spectral density of the Dirac operator or rather its integral, the mode number. It is relatively cheap, mainly for two reasons: (a) the mode number can be determined with quite high accuracy, (b) the psibar-psi anomalous dimension is extracted from a fit of several observables on the same set of configurations (no scaling in the Lagrangian parameters is needed). As an example the psibar-psi anomalous dimension has been computed in the SU(2) theory with 2 Dirac fermions in the adjoint representation of the gauge group, and has been found to be 0.371(20). In this particular case, the proposed strategy has proved to be very robust and effective.
description: LaTeX, 16 pages, 3 PDF figures, [v3] minor cosmetic changes
DFT benchmarking for adsorption energy in wastewater treatment
Creators: name: Malloum, Alhadji
name: Conradie, Jeanet
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Despite its potential importance, the computational chemistry of adsorption processes for wastewater treatment has received negligible attention. Exploring the literature shows several limitations in applying quantum chemistry to study adsorption processes in wastewater treatment. The choice of suitable functionals of density functional theory (DFT) is one of the critical limits of the current application of quantum chemistry in wastewater treatment. Therefore, in this work, we performed a benchmark study of sixteen DFT functionals (including dispersions) to select the most suitable one. The def2-TZVP basis set has been used with the sixteen DFT functionals. The sixteen DFT functionals are benchmarked to the CCSD(T)/CBS level of theory. We used four different pollutants (p-aminobenzoic acid, aniline, p-chloro phenol, and phenol) adsorbed on coronene to perform this benchmarking. In addition to the coronene and the pollutant, four explicit water molecules are used to consider the environmental effects. The results show that the functional MN15 and PW6B95-D3 have the lowest mean absolute deviation relative to the CCSD(T)/CBS adsorption energies. Overall, the functionals MN15, PW6B95-D3, ωB97X-V, M05-2X-D3, M05-D3, and M06-2X-D3 are recommended for studying the adsorption processes.
Quantum yield optimized fluorophores for site-specific labeling and super-resolution imaging
Creators: name: Grunwald, Christian
name: Schulze, Katrin
name: Giannone, Gregory
name: Cognet, Laurent
name: Lounis, Brahim
name: Choquet, Daniel
name: Tampé, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single molecule applications, saturated pattern excitation microscopy, or stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy demand for bright and highly stable fluorescent dyes1,2. Despite of intensive research the choice of fluorphores is still very limited. Typically a stable fluorescent dyes is covalently attached to the target. This methodology brings forward a number of limitations, in particular, in case of protein labeling. First of all the fluorescent probes need to be attached selectively and site-specifically to prevent unspecific background. This often requires single cysteine mutations for covalent protein modification. Employing quantum dots allows overcoming problems of photo-bleaching3-6. However, the downsides are their large size, rendering the probe inaccessible to spatially confined architectures, issues in biocompatibility due to proper particle coating, and cellular toxicity6-8. Here we propose a new method to overcome the above outlined problems.
Estimation of symbiotic bacterial structure in a sustainable seagrass ecosystem on recycled management
Creators: name: Miyamoto, Hirokuni
name: Kawachi, Nobuhiro
name: Kurotani, Atsushi
name: Moriya, Shigeharu
name: Suda, Wataru
name: Suzuki, Kenta
name: Matsuura, Makiko
name: Tsuji, Naoko
name: Nakaguma, Teruno
name: Ishii, Chitose
name: Tsuboi, Arisa
name: Shindo, Chie
name: Kato, Tamotsu
name: Udagawa, Motoaki
name: Satoh, Takashi
name: Wada, Satoshi
name: Masuya, Hiroshi
name: Miyamoto, Hisashi
name: Ohno, Hiroshi
name: Kikuchi, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Seagrass meadows play an essential role in blue carbon and aquatic ecosystem services. However, methods for the flourishing of seagrass are still being explored. Here, data from 49 public coastal surveys on the distribution of seagrass and seaweed around the onshore aquaculture facilities are revalidated, and an exceptional area where the seagrass Zostera marina thrives was found. The bacterial population there showed an apparent decrease in the pathogen candidates belonging to the order Flavobacteriales. Moreover, structure equation modeling and a linear non-Gaussian acyclic model based on the machine learning data estimated an optimal symbiotic bacterial group candidate for seagrass growth as follows: the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families as gut-inhabitant bacteria, Rhodobacteraceae as photosynthetic bacteria, and Desulfobulbaceae as cable bacteria modulating oxygen or nitrate reduction and oxidation of sulfide. These observations confer a novel perspective on the seagrass symbiotic bacterial structures critical for blue carbon and low-pathogenic marine ecosystems in aquaculture.
description: 54 pages, 3 figures, 16 supporting information
title: Iron deposits in Multiple Sclerosis: an effective time marker?
Creators: name: Duarte, Juliana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuro
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Inflammation
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: How iron deposits are visualizedon T2 susceptibility weighted images (SWI) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) white matter (WM) lesions. Correlate iron deposits and dissemination in time (DIT) in...
Passive or Semi-Passive Photocatalytic Treatment of Organic Pollutants in Water
Creators: name: Heydari, Gisoo
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Photocatalysis
subject: passive treatment
subject: bouyant photocatalyst
subject: semi-passive water treatment
subject: LED
subject: 2, 4- D
subject: OSPW
subject: Anodization
subject: Education--Sciences
subject: Energy
subject: Engineering
subject: Engineering--Civil
subject: Engineering--Environmental

description: In this research, various titanium dioxide (TiO2) supports are studied in both passive and semi-passive modes in the laboratory and in the field. Passive solar photocatalysis experiments using TiO2 coated hollow glass micro-spheres (photospheres) were conducted to degrade Killex®, sulfolane and cyclopentane carboxylic acid (CPA), a typical naphthenic acid. The results showed more than 99.8% degradation of Killex® ingredients and 97.4% degradation of sulfolane by 3.18 MJ/m2 UV energy from sunlight. 100% of CPA was degraded by capturing 1.01 MJ/m2 solar UV energy. Various configurations of photocatalysts including photospheres, anodized titanium plate and mesh, and electro-photocatalysis were also investigated under ultraviolet light emitting diode (UVA-LED) sources. Energy consumption to achieve 60% degradation of 2, 4- D was used to rank the photocatalysts. The results showed both photospheres and mesh consumed approximately 80 J/cm3 energy followed by electro-photocatalysis (112.15 J/cm3), and the anodized plate (114.47 J/cm3). The semi-passive setup was successfully utilized to degrade total organic carbon in oil sands process wastewater (over 95%) by capturing 28.94 MJ/m2 energy from UVA-LED. This study established a base comparison between various photocatalyst supports, field and laboratory applications, as well as providing promising results for using anodized TiO2 mesh for passive and semi-passive applications.
Toward Unsupervised Test Scenario Extraction for Automated Driving Systems from Urban Naturalistic Road Traffic Data
Creators: name: Weber, Nico
name: Thiem, Christoph
name: Konigorski, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2; I.2

description: Scenario-based testing is a promising approach to solve the challenge of proving the safe behavior of vehicles equipped with automated driving systems. Since an infinite number of concrete scenarios can theoretically occur in real-world road traffic, the extraction of scenarios relevant in terms of the safety-related behavior of these systems is a key aspect for their successful verification and validation. Therefore, a method for extracting multimodal urban traffic scenarios from naturalistic road traffic data in an unsupervised manner, minimizing the amount of (potentially biased) prior expert knowledge, is proposed. Rather than an (elaborate) rule-based assignment by extracting concrete scenarios into predefined functional scenarios, the presented method deploys an unsupervised machine learning pipeline. The approach allows exploring the unknown nature of the data and their interpretation as test scenarios that experts could not have anticipated. The method is evaluated for naturalistic road traffic data at urban intersections from the inD and the Silicon Valley Intersections datasets. For this purpose, it is analyzed with which clustering approach (K-Means, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN) the scenario extraction method performs best (referring to an elaborate rule-based implementation). Subsequently, using hierarchical clustering the results show both a jump in overall accuracy of around 20% when moving from 4 to 5 clusters and a saturation effect starting at 41 clusters with an overall accuracy of 84%. These observations can be a valuable contribution in the context of the trade-off between the number of functional scenarios (i.e., clustering accuracy) and testing effort. Possible reasons for the observed accuracy variations of different clusters, each with a fixed total number of given clusters, are discussed.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
title: Wanted: Emergencies in head and neck radiology; pictorial essay.
Creators: name: eser, Mehmet Bilgin
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Inflammation
subject: Infection
subject: eLearning
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Head and neck
subject: Emergency
subject: Ear / Nose / Throat
subject: Head and Neck

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: There is a perception as little as emergencies can occur in head and radiology.Whereas there are many emergencies in head and neck radiology, they can threaten the life because of the anatomical proximity of vital organs. We aimed to describe and...
In Search of Colloidal Hard Spheres
Creators: name: Royall, C. Patrick
name: Poon, Wilson C. K.
name: Weeks, Eric R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We recently reviewed the experimental determination of the volume fraction, $ϕ$, of hard-sphere colloids, and concluded that the absolute value of $ϕ$ was unlikely to be known to better than $\pm 3$-6%. Here, in a second part to that review, we survey effects due to softness in the interparticle potential, which necessitates the use of an {\em effective} volume fraction. We review current experimental systems, and conclude that the one that most closely approximates hard spheres remains polymethylmethacrylate spheres sterically stabilised by polyhydroxystearic acid `hairs'. For these particles their effective hard sphere diameter is around 1-10% larger than the core diameter, depending on the particle size. We argue that for larger colloids suitable for confocal microscopy, the effect of electrostatic charge cannot be neglected, so that mapping to hard spheres must be treated with caution.
description: 11 pages
title: Structured Reporting Format for CT and MR liver dynamics for hepatocellular carcinoma: Is it worth doing?
Creators: name: Babar, Khalid
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Education and training
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: History
subject: Education
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: Anatomy
subject: Abdomen
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1. What is structured reporting? 2. How structured reporting can be done for CT and MR liver dynamics specifically for hepatocellular carcinoma; describing all its components with relevant examples from cases? 3. The clinical significance of...
A matrix Gamma process and applications to Bayesian analysis of multivariate time series
Creators: name: Meier, Alexander
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematische Statistik
subject: 519.55

description: While there is an increasing amount of literature about Bayesian time series analysis, only few Bayesian nonparametric approaches to multivariate time series exist. Most methods rely on Whittle's Likelihood, involving the second order structure of a stationary time series by means of its spectral density matrix. This is often modeled in terms of the Cholesky decomposition to ensure positive de niteness. However, with such nonlinear transformations, the modeling of certain prior knowledge aspects such as mean or variance often proves to be di cult. Furthermore, and most importantly, asymptotic properties such as posterior consistency or posterior contraction rates are not known. A different idea is to model the spectral density matrix by means of random measures. This is in line with existing approaches for the univariate case, where the normalized spectral density is modeled similar to a probability density, e.g. with a Dirichlet process mixture of Beta densities. In this work we present a related approach for multivariate time series, with matrix-valued mixture weights induced by a Hermitian positive de nite Gamma process. The process construction is inspired by Kingman's construction of the Gamma process and utilizes an in nitely divisible Hermitian positive de nite Gamma distribution. In conjunction with Whittle's Likelihood, our proposed Bayesian nonparametric procedure for spectral density inference is shown to perform well for both simulated and real data. Important theoretical properties such as posterior consistency and contraction rates are also established. As a preliminary result for these asymptotic considerations, we establish mutual contiguity of Whittle's Likelihood and the full Gaussian Likelihood for stationary multivariate Gaussian time series, a fact that has so far only been known in the univariate case. We also present a semiparametric model extension, accommodating a parametric linear model in which the nonparametric time series component constitutes the error term. This model is investigated with both numerical simulations and in terms of asymptotic properties of the joint posterior and the marginal posterior of the linear model coefficients.
Research data management and integrity practices
Creators: name: Trenkle, William C.
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: research misconduct
research data
forensic analysis

description: Presented at the National data integrity conference: enabling research: new challenges & opportunities held on May 7-8, 2015 at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Researchers, administrators and integrity officers are encountering new challenges regarding research data and integrity. This conference aims to provide attendees with both a high level understanding of these challenges and impart practical tools and skills to deal with them. Topics will include data reproducibility, validity, privacy, security, visualization, reuse, access, preservation, rights and management.
description: William Trenkle is the Scientist-Investigator, Division of Investigative Oversight, Office of Research Integrity, United States Department of Health and Human Services. Dr. William Trenkle serves as a Scientist-Investigator in the Division of Investigative Oversight in the Office of Research Integrity (ORI), HHS. Dr. Trenkle received his B.S. from Alma College, his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the University of California, Irvine and was an NIH NRSA postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University. Upon completion of his post-doctoral training, Dr. Trenkle began his independent career as a professor in the Chemistry Department at Brown University. Prior to joining ORI, Dr. Trenkle served as the Director of the Chemical Biology Core Facility in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and as a Program Director with the Division of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biological Chemistry in the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS). At ORI, Dr. Trenkle is the Chemistry subject matter expert and consults on forensic analysis of images, electronic evidence and computer files. Dr. Trenkle was recently appointed to serve in the new National Institute of Standards and Technology, Forensic Sciences, Organization for Scientific Area Committees (OSAC) as a member of the Imaging Technology (IT) Subcommittee. The OSAC IT Subcommittee had its first meeting in January 2015 and will be providing direction to the Forensic Science Standards Board on the development and enactment of standards related to the application of technologies and systems to capture, store, process, analyze, transmit, produce and archive images.
description: PowerPoint presentation given on May 8, 2015.
title: PET CT imaging features of neuroendocrine tumours in various locations.
Creators: name: Reddy, Vendoti Nitheesha
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oncologic Imaging
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Oncology
subject: PET
subject: PET-CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Cancer
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To understand the imaging features of proven neuroendocrine tumours in various locations on DOTANOC / F18 FDG / PSMA PET-CT. To show the response evaluation of treated neuroendocrine tumours on PET-CT. To differenciate low grade and high grade...
Quantum interface unbinding transitions
Creators: name: Jakubczyk, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider interfacial phenomena accompanying bulk quantum phase transitions in presence of surface fields. On general grounds we argue that the surface contribution to the system free energy involves a line of singularities characteristic of an interfacial phase transition, occurring below the bulk transition temperature T_c down to T=0. This implies the occurrence of an interfacial quantum critical regime extending into finite temperatures and located within the portion of the phase diagram where the bulk is ordered. Even in situations, where the bulk order sets in discontinuously at T=0, the system's behavior at the boundary may be controlled by a divergent length scale if the tricritical temperature is sufficiently low. Relying on an effective interfacial model we compute the surface phase diagram in bulk spatial dimensionality $d\geq 2$ and extract the values of the exponents describing the interfacial singularities in $d\geq 3$.
Global Health Electives: Ethical Engagement in Building Global Health Capacity
Creators: name: De Visser, Adriena
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Global Health
subject: Medical Education
subject: Tanzania
subject: Uganda
subject: electives
subject: Education--Health
subject: Medicine and Surgery

description: Increasingly, medical trainees are seeking global health electives (GHEs) as part of their medical education. However, little is known about the impact medical trainees undertaking global health electives have on host institutions, staff, local trainees, patients or communities in low-and middle-income countries. The goal of this study was to explore the relationship dynamics associated with global health electives as perceived by stakeholders at three sites in sub-Saharan Africa. More specifically, I examined stakeholder perspectives in Mwanza, Tanzania and Mbarara and Rugazi, Uganda where the University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine (CSM) has long-standing institutional collaborations. In this case-based interpretive phenomenological study, thirty-four host stakeholders (health facility administrators, physicians, clinical officers, registrars, nurses, and community liaison members) participated in semi-structured interviews and twenty-eight host stakeholders (medical students, residents, interns, and patients) participated in focus groups. Participant experiences were described using interpretive phenomenological analysis techniques. The findings revealed that although GHEs are well-established and a common experience for host stakeholders there are many indistinct aspects which are poorly understood by host stakeholders. Participants acknowledged that there are a variety of benefits they gain because of GHEs, but overall visiting medical trainees benefit the most from this unique learning opportunity. Despite reluctance to directly admit to harms, host stakeholders described significant challenges and burdens of GHEs and recommended ways in which GHEs could be improved to ensure that the relationships they depend on are mutually beneficial and equitable. One of the main recommendations from this study is that to work towards an equitable, effective, and ethical elective, GHEs should occur between collaborating institutions with a bidirectional focus.
Hey You Kids, Get Off of the Republican Party's Lawn
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Although it may not be what the convention organizers wanted, the image of an older white man rambling nonsensically about politics, President Obama, and, at times, nothing in particular, while recycling lines from movies from a generation ago, is pretty fitting for today.
Negative critical currents in single-channel Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Rozhkov, A. V.
name: Liu, Tony
name: Andreev, A. V.
name: Spivak, B. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that negative critical currents arise generically in Josephson junctions formed by single channel conductors. Specifically, we theoretically study the Josephson coupling between two superconducting leads connected by a one-dimensional conductor in the Coulomb blockade regime. We show that in the clean regime the sign of the critical current alternates with the number of electrons in the normal region. For odd occupancy the critical current is negative even when the number of electrons on the conductor is large.
description: 5 pages, this version of the preprint is virtually identical to the published paper
Magic radius of AA bilayer graphene quantum dot
Creators: name: Rakhmanov, A. L.
name: Rozhkov, A. V.
name: Sboychakov, A. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study analytically and numerically electronic properties of a circular quantum dot made from AA bilayer graphene. We observe a discrete set of dot radii for which the low-energy electron states are degenerate with respect to the layer parity. By analogy with the ``magic angles" in the twisted bilayer graphene we refer to these radii as ``magic". Such a feature is unique for the AA structures and is related to a specific layer-symmetry of the AA graphene bilayer: the parity of the highest occupied level changes from layer-symmetric to layer-antisymmetric when the radius of the AA dot is equal to its magic value. We explore an analogy in the electronic structure between twisted bilayer graphene at the magic twist angle and the AA quantum dot with magic radius. We argue that this analogy can be helpful for theoretical description of the electronic properties of the twisted bilayer graphene.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. This version is virtually identical to the published paper. Relative to the previous version, the discussion is extended, two new figures, several references and one table are added
Numerical Solution of the Time-Dependent Dirac Equation in Coordinate Space without Fermion-Doubling
Creators: name: Fillion-Gourdeau, Francois
name: Lorin, Emmanuel
name: Bandrauk, Andre D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The validation and parallel implementation of a numerical method for the solution of the time-dependent Dirac equation is presented. This numerical method is based on a split operator scheme where the space-time dependence is computed in coordinate space using the method of characteristics. Thus, most of the steps in the splitting are calculated exactly, making for a very efficient and unconditionally stable method. We show that it is free from spurious solutions related to the fermion-doubling problem and that it can be parallelized very efficiently. We consider a few simple physical systems such as the time evolution of Gaussian wave packets and the Klein paradox. The numerical results obtained are compared to analytical formulas for the validation of the method.
description: 46 pages, 9 figures, new version contains new numerical results and revised text
FAIR Health Data Portal expected users' interactions
Creators: name: Laura Portell-Silva
name: Salvador Capella-Gutiérrez
name: Lidia Lopez
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: FAIR
health
data portal
healthycloud

description: The deliverable is focused on creating a reference architecture for a health data portal that follows the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). The portal is intended to serve as an access point for various users and provide them with relevant information. The first step is to identify the different user profiles that will interact with the portal, such as citizens, researchers, and infrastructure providers, as each user group has different expectations and needs. The report categorizes these user profiles into fourteen categories based on legal roles, temporal aspects, and other relevant factors. Eight main profiles are defined, along with sub-profiles to accommodate diverse user demands. The deliverable also introduces user personae, which represent typical users and their goals, challenges, needs, and expectations from the FAIR data portal. These personae help in understanding the future users of the portal. The ultimate goal of this effort is to design a reference architecture for the FAIR health data portal, which will enable the interoperability of existing resources by defining the necessary information for their connection. The work done in other HealthyCloud work packages, particularly WP3 and WP4, is important for identifying data-oriented resources and will contribute to the overall goals of WP6 and the development of the FAIR health data portal.
Manipulation of dynamical resources in quantum information theory
Creators: name: Saxena, Gaurav
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: quantum
subject: quantum information
subject: resource theory
subject: Physics
subject: Physics--Theory

description: Quantum channels can be regarded as the most fundamental objects in quantum mechanics. With the help of quantum resource theories, it was recently recognized that dynamical quantum systems (described by quantum channels) may exhibit phenomena such as entanglement and coherence, and can be utilized as resources in various operational tasks. In this dissertation, I characterize and quantify the coherence and magic of dynamical quantum systems, formulate interconversion conditions among pairs of channels, and quantify the performance of fixed programmable processors. Quantum resource theories are governed by constraints arising from physical or practical settings. Considering the absence of coherence and efficient classical simulability (two different notions of classicality) as practical constraints towards achieving quantum advantage, I develop the resource theories of dynamical coherence and dynamical magic, respectively. In developing the resource theory of coherence, the underlying principle I follow is that the free dynamical objects are those that can neither store nor manipulate coherence. This led me to identify classical channels as free elements in this theory. The development of the resource theory of multi-qubit magic channels is motivated by the need to estimate the classical simulation cost of multi-qubit quantum circuits. The set of completely stabilizer preserving operations is the largest known set of operations in the multi-qubit scenario that can be efficiently simulated classically, and as such, they are the perfect candidates for the free channels of this resource theory. In both these resource theories, I quantify the resources using various resource measures, and solve several single-shot resource interconversion problems including different types of resource cost and distillation. I also formulate a classical simulation algorithm to estimate the expectation value of an observable and show that its runtime depends on a dynamical magic monotone. Besides developing the above resource theories, I generalize Lorenz majorization to the channel domain and use it to find the necessary and sufficient conditions for interconversion among pairs of classical channels. Furthermore, I quantify the performance of a fixed programmable quantum processor and find a trade-off relation between the success probability and the average fidelity error in simulating a target unitary using the processor.
title: IgG4-related disease in CNS: a focus on perineural spread.
Creators: name: Napolitano, Angela
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Observational
subject: Not applicable
subject: Inflammation
subject: Haematologic diseases
subject: Connective tissue disorders
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Head and neck
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The aim of our educational exhibit is to illustrate the more common imaging findings ofCentral Nervous System (CNS) manifestations in Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD), with a special focus on perineural...
Aggregated Word Pair Features for Implicit Discourse Relation Disambiguation
Creators: name: Biran, Or
name: McKeown, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computer science
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: We present a reformulation of the word pair features typically used for the task of disambiguating implicit relations in the Penn Discourse Treebank. Our word pair features achieve significantly higher performance than the previous formulation when evaluated without additional features. In addition, we present results for a full system using additional features which achieves close to state of the art performance without resorting to gold syntactic parses or to context outside the relation.
title: When a child burping becomes worrisome: the role of ultrasonography in the assessment of pediatric gastroesophageal reflux
Creators: name: Defendi, Larissa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Education and training
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: Small bowel
subject: Paediatric
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this exhibit is: 1. To highlight the main points in the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in children ; 2. To review the ultrasonographic (US) technique employed in the evaluation of reflux episodes and in the...
title: Increased lung opacity on hrct: imaging findings and differential diagnosis
Creators: name: Conte, Sabrina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Infection
subject: Acute
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Biopsy
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Thorax
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Lung
subject: Chest
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To identify the radiological features of increased lung opacityon high resolution chest tomography (HRCT) and formulate the most suitable diagnosis among the numerous possible diagnostic hypotheses through the integration of imaging and clinical...
title: What a radiologist shoud know about epilepsy: common causes and MRI findings
Creators: name: Martínez Martínez, Carlos
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Seizure disorders
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To know the main causes of epilepsy. 2. To describe the MRI findings in the most common epilepsy-associated diseases. 3. To know the MRI protocols used in...