cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the CMB Power Spectrum Across WMAP Data Releases: A Nonparametric Analysis
Creators: name: Aghamousa, Amir
name: Arjunwadkar, Mihir
name: Souradeep, Tarun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Using a nonparametric function estimation methodology, we present a comparative analysis of the WMAP 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year data releases for the CMB angular power spectrum with respect to the following key questions: (a) How well is the power spectrum determined by the data alone? (b) How well is the $Λ$CDM model supported by a model-independent, data-driven analysis? (c) What are the realistic uncertainties on peak/dip locations and heights? Our results show that the height of the power spectrum is well determined by data alone for multipole l approximately less than 546 (1-year), 667 (3-year), 804 (5-year), and 842 (7-year data). We show that parametric fits based on the $Λ$CDM model are remarkably close to our nonparametric fits in $l$-regions where data are sufficiently precise. In contrast, the power spectrum for an H$Λ$CDM model gets progressively pushed away from our nonparametric fit as data quality improves with successive data realizations, suggesting incompatibility of this particular cosmological model with respect to the WMAP data sets. We present uncertainties on peak/dip locations and heights at the 95% ($2 σ$) level of confidence, and show how these uncertainties translate into hyperbolic "bands" on the acoustic scale ($l_A$) and peak shift ($ϕ_m$) parameters. Based on the confidence set for the 7-year data, we argue that the low-l up-turn in the CMB power spectrum cannot be ruled out at any confidence level in excess of about 10% ($\approx 0.12 σ$). Additional outcomes of this work are a numerical formulation for minimization of a noise-weighted risk function subject to monotonicity constraints, a prescription for obtaining nonparametric fits that are closer to cosmological expectations on smoothness, and a method for sampling cosmologically meaningful power spectrum variations from the confidence set of a nonparametric fit.
SOME ASPECTS OF CIRCUMSTANCES THAT MUST BE PROVEN IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES RELATED TO ILLEGAL PREPARATION, POSSESSION, AND STORAGE OF NARCOTIC DRUGS, THEIR ANALOGS, OR PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES WITHOUT THE PURPOSE OF DISTRIBUTION SOME ASPECTS OF CIRCUMSTANCES
Creators: name: Suyunov, Shakhzod
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The article analyzes the issues of determining the subjective element in investigating crimes related to the illegal manufacture, possession, and storage of narcotic drugs, their analogues, or psychotropic substances without the intent to distribute. In examining the subjective aspect of the crime, the article highlights criteria for determining quantities that exclude personal consumption, methods for ascertaining an individual's intent, and the study of circumstances that characterize the accused's personality. Based on materials from judicial and investigative practices, international experience, and scholarly perspectives, the article identifies existing problems and develops proposals for addressing them.
Forecast targeting as a monetary policy strategy: Policy rules in practice
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Economics
Finance

description: Forecast targeting is an innovation in central banking that represents an important step toward more rule-based policymaking, even if it is not an attempt to follow a policy rule of any of the types that have received primary attention in the theoretical literature on optimal monetary policy. This paper discusses the extent to which forecast targeting can be considered an example of a policy rule, and the conditions under which it would represent a desirable rule, with a view to suggesting improvements in the approaches currently used by forecast-targeting central banks. Particular attention is given to the intertemporal consistency of forecast-targeting procedures, the assumptions about future policy that should be used in constructing the forecasts used in such procedures, the horizon with which the target criterion should be concerned, the relevance of forecasts other than the inflation forecast, and the degree of robustness of a desirable target criterion for monetary policy to changing circumstances.
Income inequality: The aftermath of stock market liberalization in emerging markets
Creators: name: Das, Mitali
name: Mohapatra, Sanket
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics

description: Early research has documented that the large scale equity market liberalizations of the last decade led the subsequent rise in aggregate equity indices, investment booms, capital flows and economic growth. An important and unaddressed issue is the normative question of whether and how these reforms shifted the distribution of incomes in the aftermath of equity market liberalization. In careful empirical analysis, we find a pattern indicating that income share growth accrued almost wholly to the top quintile of the income distribution at the expense of a "middle class" that we define as the three middle quintiles of the income distribution. A surprising finding is that the lowest income share remained effectively unchanged in the event of liberalization. These patterns are robust to the inclusion of a wide variety of controls for global shocks, country specific factors, and contemporaneously implemented privatization and stabilization policies.
Opportunities And Challenges Of The Asset Administration Shell For Holistic Traceability In Supply Chain Management
Creators: name: Kuenster, Nils
name: Dietrich, Fabian
name: Palm, Daniel
Publisher: name: Hannover : publish-Ing.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Asset Administration Shell
subject: Supply Chain Management
subject: Traceability
subject: Interconnected Supply Chains
subject: Industry 4.0
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Due to changing regulatory environments, evolving sustainability requirements, and the need to perform effective supply chain risk management, traceability systems have become an increasingly important aspect of supply chain management. However, globalized, interconnected supply chains require a dynamic mapping of direct and indirect relationships between companies and assets, driving traceability systems' complexity. Here, the standardization of data formats provides an essential aspect to facilitate asset-related information sharing across companies. In this regard, the Asset Administration Shell is available as a holistic standardized digital representation of an asset. The representation of an asset via an Administration Shell includes data ensuring a clear identification of the Administration Shell and its assets as well as data describing aspects of the asset's technical functionality in so-called submodels. Based on current literature and available prototypical concepts, this paper identifies the opportunities and challenges of the Asset Administration Shell when aiming to map interconnected multi-tier supply chains holistically and contextualizes their role in achieving holistic supply chain traceability.
Brand Extension as Informational Leverage
Creators: name: Choi, Jay Pil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Economics

description: The marketing literature refers to the concept of brand capital and provides empirical evidence that firms with a large stock of well established brands have an advantage in introducing new products. This paper develops a theory of brand extension as a mechanism for informational leverage in which a firm leverages off a good's reputation in one market to alleviate the problem of informational asymmetry encountered in other markets. It is shown that brand extension help a multi product monopolist introduce new experience good with less price distortion. Thus, the paper provides a theoretical foundation for the concept of brand capital.
The Slut You Are: West, Kincaid, and Sexton on Subaltern Sexuality
Creators: name: Plat, Breigh
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Writing Flag Award
Paul Preciado
psychoanalysis
bell hooks
Anne Sexton
Jamaica Kincaid
Rebecca West

description: By examining the writing and lives of Rebecca West, Jamaica Kincaid, and Anne Sexton and following the groundbreaking work by Paul B. Preciado and Gayatri Spivak, this paper suggests countergazing might present an opportunity for dissident subjectivities to survive outside of the patriarchal norms created by psychoanalysis.
Tying and Innovation: A Dynamic Analysis of Tying Arrangements
Creators: name: Choi, Jay Pil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper analyzes the effects of tying arrangements on R&D incentives. It shows that tying is a means through which a firm can commit to more aggressive R&D investment in the tied goods market. Tying also has the strategic effect of reducing rivals' incentives to invest in R&D. The strategy of tying is a profitable one if the gains, via an increased share of dynamic rents in the tied goods market, exceed the losses that result from intensified price competition in the market. The welfare implications of tying, and consequently the appropriate antitrust policy, are shown to depend on the nature of R&D competition.
Very low effective Schottky barrier height for erbium disilicide contacts on n-Si through arsenic segregation
Creators: name: Reckinger, Nicolas
name: Poleunis, Claude
name: Dubois, Emmanuel
name: Dutu, Constantin Augustin
name: Tang, Xiaohui
name: Delcorte, Arnaud
name: Raskin, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The segregation of As+ ions implanted into thin Er films deposited on n-Si substrates is studied after ErSi2-x formation. The same lowering of the effective Schottky barrier height (SBH) below 0.12 eV is obtained at moderate annealing temperatures, regardless of the redistribution of As dopants at the ErSi2-x/Si interface. On the other hand, if the implanted dose is slightly enhanced, the annealing temperature required to reach sub-0.12-eV effective SBH can be further reduced. This process enables the formation of very low effective SBH ErSi2-x/n-Si contacts with a low thermal budget.
Equilibrium Vertical Foreclosure with Investment
Creators: name: Choi, Jay Pil
name: Yi, Sang-Seung
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Commerce

description: One of the most enduring controversies in antitrust concerns the potential foreclosure effects of vertical integration. In a recent paper, Ordover, Saloner and Saloner and Salop (1990) construct a model of vertical integration in which vertical foreclosure emerges as the equilibrium outcome. However, as is well-known, OSS's result breaks down if the vertically integrated firm cannot make the price commitment. In this paper, we reexamine the foreclosure theory of vertical integration by extending OSS's model to include upstream market power and investments. Cost-reducing investments introduce a channel through which the integrated firm can credibly commit itself to a higher input price at which it is willing to supply the unintegrated downstream firm. We show that a profitable but anticompetitive (both for consumer welfare and for aggregate efficiency) vertical causing hold-out problems between the input suppliers. In contrast to OSS's model, where vertical integration (even with commitment) is not effective under Cournot downstream competition, vertical integration in our model can be both effective and anticompetitive even under Cournot downstream competition.
Introspection into Academic Paragraph Writing Problems: A Case Study of International Training Program (ITP 44) at EFLU, Hyderabad, India
Creators: name: Miresa, Demeksa
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Sustainable Development
Year: 2015

description: This study was conducted on forty fourth round Intermediate level International Training Program (lTP44) Students of the English and Foreign Language University at Hyderabad, India in 2013. The objective was to investigate the academic paragraph writing problems of the participating students and identify the root causes. Accordingly, all participants were considered as the study population due to size and country representation. Data was collected using students' questionnaire, analysis of the students' paragraph and interview with the teacher. Data collected was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative approach. Hence, it was identified that the students' have problems of spelling, punctuations particularly in using comma, diction(word choice) and grammar particularly in using articles, prepositions and tenses. They also have problems of formality, objectiveness, complexity as well as sentence level problems like wordiness, awkward beginning, and fragmentation. Some of them also have run on and misplaced (dangling) modifier problems. Paragraph level qualities like coherence, completeness, unity and Cohesion are also lacking. Late starting of learning English and more importantly very late starting of learning about and practicing writing in English, the role of English as instructional medium in their respective countries, late exposure to performance type writing underlie the students' academic paragraph writing problems. Frequent use of mother tongue in English language classroom, the less value assigned to teaching English in general and teaching writing in particular, inadequacy of paragraphs writing exercises on their previous English language teaching text books and the resulting inadequacy of writing practices and the students' poor command over the English language are also identified as factor responsible for the problems. Previous English language teachers' lack of English language proficiency and motivation of teaching also underline the writing failures of some of the students
description: Journal of Science and Sustainable Development, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015)
Self-Healing by Means of Runtime Execution Profiling
Creators: name: Fuad, Mohammad Muztaba
name: Deb, Debzani
name: Baek, Jinsuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A self-healing application brings itself into a stable state after a failure put the software into an unstable state. For such self-healing software application, finding fix for a previously unseen fault is a grand challenge. Asking the user to provide fixes for every fault is bad for productivity, especially when the users are non-savvy in technical aspect of computing. If failure scenarios come into existence, the user wants the runtime environment to handle those situations autonomically. This paper presents a new technique of finding self-healing actions by matching a fault scenario to already established fault models. By profiling and capturing runtime parameters and execution pathWays, stable execution models are established and later are used to match with an unstable execution scenario. Experimentation and results are presented that showed that even with additional overheads; this technique can prove beneficial for autonomically healing faults and reliving system administrators from mundane troubleshooting situations.
description: Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT 2011) 22-24 December, 2011, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Requirements for an IoT-lock enabling asynchronous physical handovers of temi-trailers in road freight relay-transport
Creators: name: Simons, Janis
name: Von Stamm, John
name: Weichsel, Lisa
name: Schürmeyer, Maik
name: Schröer, Tobias
Publisher: name: Hannover : publish-Ing.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Road Freight Transport
subject: Relay-transport
subject: IoT-lock
subject: Asynchronous Handover
subject: Semi-trailer
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: In long-distance road freight transport, capacity utilization of semi-trailers is less than 30 % due to mandatory steering and rest periods. Truck parking spaces are overcrowded while resulting parking search traffic leads to additional emissions. At the same time, the acute driver shortage and customers' expectations of ever faster functioning supply chains force the highest efficiency in transport means and personnel. Multi-carrier relay-transport represents an approach to solving these problems and exploiting untapped efficiency potentials: Via a digital platform, long distances are intelligently divided into short route sections which are distributed among different carriers. At predefined switching points, the asynchronous handover of semi-trailers to rested drivers takes place. To enable a secure cross-company physical handover, IoT-locking mechanisms play a crucial role. This paper details the asynchronous handover process and introduces the technical design of an IoT-lock which provides effective theft protection while the trailer is parked and reliably connects tractor and semi-trailer during transport. Based on an analysis of stakeholder requirements, software functionalities and mechanical properties of the IoT-lock are derived, which ensure effective theft protection as well as real-time data transmission for relay transports. In addition, legal requirements for asynchronous transfers are investigated to determine liability in case of damage or loss. These form the basis for digital handover protocols that record the condition of the freight and trailer during the handover process.
Price-increasing competition
Creators: name: Chen, Yongmin
name: Riordan, Michael H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Economics

description: In a discrete choice model of product differentiation, the symmetric duopoly price may be lower than, equal to, or higher than the single-product monopoly price. While the market share effect of competition encourages a firm to charge less than the monopoly price because a duopolist serves fewer consumers, the price sensitivity effect of competition motivates a higher price when more consumer choice steepens the firm's demand curve. The joint distribution of consumer values for the two conceivable products determines the relative strength of these effects, and whether presence of a symmetric competitor results in a higher or lower price compared to single-product monopoly. The analysis reveals that rice-increasing competition is unexceptional from a theoretical perspective.
A Dynamic Analysis of Licensing: The "Boomerang" Effect and Grant-Back Clauses
Creators: name: Choi, Jay Pil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper develops an incomplete contract model of the licensing relationship to analyze the dynamic effects of licensing on R&D competition in the innovation market and to examine the rationale for often observed grant-back clauses. Of particular concern are how the consideration of future competition distorts the licensing relationship and how the "grant-back" clause can mitigate this distortion. I also evaluate the validity of the casual antitrust argument that grantback clauses may adversely affect competition because they reduce the licensee's incentive to engage in R&D and thereby limit rivalry in innovation markets.
Gas-phase metallicity of 27 galaxies at intermediate redshift
Creators: name: Morelli, L.
name: Calvi, V.
name: Cardullo, A.
name: Pizzella, A.
name: Corsini, E. M.
name: Bontà, E. Dalla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this work is to make available new gas-phase oxygen abundance measurements for a serendipitous sample of 27 galaxies with redshift 0.35
description: 5 pages, 3 postscript figures and 3 tables. A&A in press
Centralizers of maximal regular subgroups in simple Lie groups and relative congruence classes of representations
Creators: name: Larouche, M.
name: Lemire, F. W.
name: Patera, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 22E46

description: In the paper we present a new, uniform and comprehensive description of centralizers of the maximal regular subgroups in compact simple Lie groups of all types and ranks. The centralizer is either a direct product of finite cyclic groups, a continuous group of rank 1, or a product, not necessarily direct, of a continuous group of rank 1 with a finite cyclic group. Explicit formulas for the action of such centralizers on irreducible representations of the simple Lie algebras are given.
description: 27 pages
Brazil, failing to turn the corner . . .
Creators: name: Sotelino, Fernando Barreira
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Economics
Finance
Economic development

description: By mid-2007 the world was experiencing its sixth year of solid economic growth, in good measure due to strong and continued demand for consumption in the U.S. and increased supply of consumer goods at relatively stable prices by developing economies (led by China and India). For Brazil, this meant significantly better prices for export commodities and consistently higher trade surpluses month after month, allowing for a solid path towards the zeroing of the country’s net foreign indebtedness. It also implied that 2007 could turn out to be the second year of GDP growth in excess of 4% for the country in this millennium and led to projections, by Wall Street and Brazilian banks, of sustained and robust economic growth with continued gradual reduction of interest rates in Reais. But net public sector indebtedness remained too high (over 40% of GDP) for its carrying cost (8% in real terms) and aggregate investment remained too low (20% of GDP).
Linguistic Analysis of Moribund Lexicons of Bale Oromoo Speech Community, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Leykun, Samuel
name: Eshetu, Wolde
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Sustainable Development
Year: 2015

description: Linguistic theories generally regard human languages as consisting of two parts: a lexicon, essentially a catalogue of a language's words (its word stock); and a grammar, a system of rules which allow for the combination of those words into meaningful sentences. In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The article attempts to identify some moribund lexicons of Bale Oromoo speech community. First, these lexicons are gathered through an interview and elicitation from some informants selected from the Zone as a sample. These language items are translated into relatively equivalent Afaan Oromoo language. In order to create the wider communication, the lexicons are again translated into English language. And the lexicons are then analyzed linguistically (phonemic transcription, glossing and syllabification). For instance, in the lexicon of Afaan Oromoo ‘quluuwwaan’ /k’ulu:wa:n/ ‘traditional coffee cups’ the bound morpheme /-wwaan/ is number indicator in the target language (plural marker in particular). Moreover, the lexicons are used in a sentence to make the meaning clearer. Further explanations are made by putting these lexicons in the context in which they are potentially used. Finally, the recommendations are forwarded.
description: Journal of Science and Sustainable Development, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015)
The Feminine, the Pure, and the Resurrection: The Role of Water in Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment
Creators: name: Udawala, Sofia
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Writing Flag Award
Crime and Punishment
Fyodor Dostoevsky
classic literature
Russian literature
women in literature
water symbolism

description: This essay presents the case that the role of water in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment is representative of regeneration, femininity, and cleanliness.
Resolving high Reynolds numbers in SPH simulations of subsonic turbulence
Creators: name: Price, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accounting for the Reynolds number is critical in numerical simulations of turbulence, particularly for subsonic flow. For Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) with constant artificial viscosity coefficient alpha, it is shown that the effective Reynolds number in the absence of explicit physical viscosity terms scales linearly with the Mach number - compared to mesh schemes, where the effective Reynolds number is largely independent of the flow velocity. As a result, SPH simulations with alpha=1 will have low Reynolds numbers in the subsonic regime compared to mesh codes, which may be insufficient to resolve turbulent flow. This explains the failure of Bauer and Springel (2011, arXiv:1109.4413v1) to find agreement between the moving-mesh code AREPO and the GADGET SPH code on simulations of driven, subsonic (v ~ 0.3 c_s) turbulence appropriate to the intergalactic/intracluster medium, where it was alleged that SPH is somehow fundamentally incapable of producing a Kolmogorov-like turbulent cascade. We show that turbulent flow with a Kolmogorov spectrum can be easily recovered by employing standard methods for reducing alpha away from shocks.
description: 5 pages, accepted to MNRAS Letters. Movies showing SPH doing the things that SPH is fundamentally incapable of doing at http://users.monash.edu.au/~dprice/pubs/reynolds/index.html#movies v2: minor changes to reflect proof-corrected version, couple of refs added
Towards improving the usability of personal firewalls
Creators: name: Raja, Fahimeh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Even though personal firewalls are an important aspect of security for the users of personal computers, little attention has been given to their usability. An initial series of usability studies on the Windows Vista firewall that we performed revealed that the participants' lack of an accurate mental model about the firewall's system model significantly contributed to their errors when configuring the firewall. The goal of this thesis research was to build upon these findings and improve the usability of personal firewalls. To do so, we redesigned the user interface of the Vista firewall to more accurately reflect its system model. The results of a laboratory study showed that the modified interface design helped participants to develop more effective mental models of the firewall and improve their understanding of the firewall's configuration, resulted in fewer potentially dangerous errors. However, participants' comments about personal firewalls revealed that it was important to better understand the users' knowledge, expectations, perceptions, and misconceptions of personal firewalls in order to successfully manage design tradeoffs. We performed a follow-up study, where we conducted semi-structured interviews with a diverse set of participants. Through a qualitative analysis of the data, we found that most of the participants were unaware of the functionality of firewalls and their role in protecting computers. More interestingly, we found that the interaction of most participants with firewalls was limited to responding to warnings, which ask them to allow or block a connection. Therefore, it is crucial to design firewall warnings that are understandable for users, which should result in fewer errors in allowing unwanted connections. We proposed a novel firewall warning design in which the functionality of a personal firewall is visualized based on a physical security mental model. The results of a laboratory study showed that the new warnings facilitated the comprehension of warning information, better communicated the risk, and increased the likelihood of safe behavior compared to warnings based on those from a popular personal firewall. Moreover, the new warnings provided participants with a better understanding of both the functionality of a personal firewall and the consequences of their actions.
Trade Restrictions, Imperfect Competition and National Welfare with Foreign Capital Inflows
Creators: name: Ranjan, Priya
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics

description: We look at the impact of foreign capital inflows on home welfare for an imperfectly competitive economy in the presence of 3 alternative kinds of trade restrictions: tariffs, quotas, and VERs. The results obtained differ significantly from those for a competitive economy. When the number of firms is fixed, a capital inflow is welfare enhancing under quantitative restrictions, but immiserizing in the presence of a distorting tariff. However, when there are economies of scale and the number of firms is endogenous, a capital inflow is immiserizing in the presence of a quota or a tariff.
Spin and Orbital Angular Momenta of Light Reflected from a Cone
Creators: name: Mansuripur, Masud
name: Zakharian, Armis R.
name: Wright, Ewan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine several retro-reflecting optical elements, each involving two reflections. In the case of a hollow metallic cone having an apex angle of 90\degree, a circularly-polarized incident beam acquires, upon reflection, the opposite spin angular momentum. However, no angular momentum is transferred to the cone, because the reflected beam picks up an orbital angular momentum that is twice as large but opposite in direction to that of its spin. A 90\degree cone made of a transparent material in which the incident light suffers two total internal reflections before returning, may be designed to endow the retro-reflected beam with different mixtures of orbital and spin angular momenta. Under no circumstances, however, is it possible to transfer angular momentum from the light beam to the cone without either allowing absorption or breaking the axial symmetry of the cone. A simple example of broken symmetry is provided by a wedge-shaped metallic reflector having an apex angle of 90\degree, which picks up angular momentum upon reflecting a circularly-polarized incident beam.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, 25 references
A Pattern Measure
Creators: name: Klinger, Allen
name: Salingaros, Nikos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we propose numerical measures for evaluating the aesthetic interest of simple patterns. The patterns consist of elements (symbols, pixels, etc.) in regular square arrays. The measures depend on two characteristics of the patterns: the number of different types of element, and the number of symmetries in their arrangement. We define two complementary composite measures L and C for the degree of pattern in a design, and compute them here for 2x2 and 6x6 arrays. The results distinguish simple from high-variation cases. We suspect that the measure L corresponds to the degree that human beings intuitively feel a design to be "interesting", so this model would aid in quantifying the visual connection of two- dimensional designs with viewers. The other composite measure C based on these numerical properties characterizes the extent of randomness of an array. Combining symbol variety with symmetry calculations allows us to employ hierarchical scaling to count the relative impact of different levels of scale. By identifying substructures we can distinguish between organized patterns and disorganized complexity. The measures described here are related to verbal descriptors derived from work by psychologists on responses to visual environments.
The Knowledge Revolution
Creators: name: Chichilnisky, Graciela
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics

description: We are on the threshold of a truly revolutionary era of discovery -- ranging from the origins of the universe to new states of matter and microscope machines, from a new understanding of the oceans and the biological connections across the earth's species to the functioning od the human brain and the origins of consciousness. this "golden age" of discovery, with frequent breakthroughs occurring virtually in every field, is inducing far reaching social changes. We are undergoing a social and economic revolution which matches the impact of the agriculture and industrial revolutions. This is a "knowledge revolution" driven by knowledge and by the technologies for processing and communicating it. Knowledge is and intangible public good. It is privately produced, and it is replacing land and machines as the primary factors of production prevailing in the agriculture and industrial revolutions. This alters the terms of the debate between capitalism and socialism, and leads to a human centered society with different types of markets, corporate structure and financial structures. Property rights on knowledge are key. Human capital is the engine of development. Markets require more egalitarian distribution of wealth for efficient functioning. The golden age industrial society, with its voracious and unequal use of the earths resources, is reaching its logical limits. A new pattern of economic growth, knowledge-intensive growth, replaces the resource intensive patterns that prevailed since World War 2. This leads to a vision of society that is very innovative in the use of knowledge and very conservative in the use of the earth's resources, a new society centered on diversity and human capital and offering the prospect of substantial economic progress without damaging the ecosystems that support life on earth.
General equilibrium with endogenous uncertainty and default
Creators: name: Chichilnisky, Graciela
name: Wu, Ho-Mou
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Economics

description: In this paper we study the introduction of new assets which are oftenly observed to be defined in expected values rather than state by state, called the Arrow-Lind-Malinvaud (ALM) assets. We demonstrate that individual default emerges naturally in an economy where such ALM assets are introduced without completing all contingency markets. We further provide conditions under which individual default is propagated endogenously into a collective risk of widespread default in general equilibrium.
Additional file 1 of CRISPRi enables isoform-specific loss-of-function screens and identification of gastric cancer-specific isoform dependencies
Creators: name: Davies, Rebecca
name: Liu, Ling
name: Taotao, Sheng
name: Tuano, Natasha
name: Chaturvedi, Richa
name: Huang, Kie Kyon
name: Itman, Catherine
name: Mandoli, Amit
name: Qamra, Aditi
name: Hu, Changyuan
name: Powell, David
name: Daly, Roger J.
name: Tan, Patrick
name: Rosenbluh, Joseph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. CRISPRi identifies expressed pan-essential transcripts. Distribution of sgRNAs targeting high- or low-expressed pan cell-essential transcripts. Figure S2. CRISPRi screen quality control. Distribution of sgRNAs targeting negative controls or core essential genes. Figure S3. Essential transcripts that score due to a bidirectional promoter. Description of transcripts that score due to off-target bi-directional promoters. Figure S4. Validation of GC-essential transcripts. qPCR of sgRNAs targeting transcripts that are validated in this study. Figure S5. CIT dependency in GC. CIT dependency in DepMap and pNDRG1 levels following treatment with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or prostratin. Figure S6. ZFHX3 isoform P2 expression following CRISPRi-mediated suppression of transcript P2. Figure S7. In vivo validation of ZFHX3 and CIT. CIT and ZFHX3 levels from tumour xenografts and Kaplan-Meier survival plot of GC patients.
Non-standard s process in low metallicity massive rotating stars
Creators: name: Frischknecht, U.
name: Hirschi, R.
name: Thielemann, F. -K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Rotation is known to affect the nucleosynthesis of light elements in massive stars, mainly by rotation-induced mixing. In particular, rotation boosts the primary nitrogen production. Models of rotating stars are able to reproduce the nitrogen observed in low-Z halo stars. Aims. Here we present the first grid of stellar models for rotating massive stars at low Z, where a full s-process network is used to study the impact of rotation-induced mixing on the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements. Methods. We used the Geneva stellar evolution code that includes an enlarged reaction network with nuclear species up to bismuth to calculate 25 M$_\odot$ models at three different Z and with different initial rotation rates. Results. First, we confirm that rotation-induced mixing leads to a production of primary $^{22}$Ne, which is the main neutron source for the s process in massive stars. Therefore rotation boosts the s process in massive stars at all Z. Second, the neutron-to-seed ratio increases with decreasing Z in models including rotation, which leads to the complete consumption of all iron seeds at Z < 1e-3 by the end of core He-burning. Thus at low Z, the iron seeds are the main limitation for this boosted s process. Third, as Z decreases, the production of elements up to the Ba peak increases at the expense of the elements of the Sr peak. We studied the impact of the initial rotation rate and of the uncertain $^{17}$O$(α,γ)$ rate (which strongly affects the neutron poison strength of $^{16}$O) on our results. This study shows that rotating models can produce significant amounts of elements up to Ba over a wide range of Z. Fourth, compared to the He-core, the primary $^{22}$Ne production in the He-shell is even higher (> 1% in mass fraction at all Z), which could open the door for an explosive neutron capture nucleosynthesis in the He-shell, with a primary neutron source.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, accepted by A&A, language edited
The Employment Effects of Social Security Disability Insurance in the Past 25 Years
Creators: name: Wachter, Till Von
name: Song, Jae
name: Manchester, Joyce
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Economics

description: We use administrative longitudinal data on earnings, impairment, and mortality to replicate and extend Bound's seminal study of rejected applicants to federal Disability Insurance (DI). We confirm Bound's main result that rejected older male applicants do not exhibit substantial labor force participation. We show this result is stable over time, robust to more narrow control groups, and similar within gender, impairment, industry, and earnings groups. However, we also find that younger rejected applicants have substantial employment after application. To what extent this translates into potential employment for new beneficiaries depends on which group among them is considered "on the margin" of receiving DI. If we use initially rejected applicants -- a large and growing fraction of new beneficiaries -- the resulting counterfactual employment rate for younger applicants is low, too. We also find that rejected applicants bear signs of economically induced applicants. DI appears to induce a growing number of less successful workers to apply, an important fraction of which ends up without benefits and non-employed.
Extraordinary magnetoresistance in graphite: experimental evidence for the time-reversal symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Kopelevich, Y.
name: da Silva, R. R.
name: Alexandrov, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ordinary magnetoresistance (MR) of doped semiconductors is positive and quadratic in a low magnetic field, B, as it should be in the framework of the Boltzmann kinetic theory or in the conventional hopping regime. We observe an unusual highly-anisotropic in-plane MR in graphite, which is neither quadratic nor always positive. In a certain current direction MR is negative and linear in B in fields below a few tens of mT with a crossover to a positive MR at higher fields, while in a perpendicular current direction we observe a giant super-linear and positive MR. These extraordinary MRs are respectively explained by a hopping magneto-conductance via non-zero angular momentum orbitals, and by the magneto-conductance of inhomogeneous media. The linear orbital NMR is a unique signature of the broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS) in graphite. While some local paramagnetic centers could be responsible for the broken TRS, the observed large diamagnetism suggests a more intriguing mechanism of this breaking, involving superconducting clusters with unconventional (chiral) order parameters and spontaneously generated normal-state current loops in graphite.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Assessment of Watershed Management Practices for Sustainable Rural Livelihood Improvement in Meja, Jeldu District, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Ayana, Birhanu
name: P. Natarajan
name: Balemi, Tesfaye
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Sustainable Development
Year: 2015

description: Poor watershed management practices and resultant problems of land degradation, low agricultural productivity, food insecurity and poverty are particularly severe in the rural highlands of Ethiopia. The current study was undertaken at Meja watershed, located in the Jeldu district of Oromia region to assess potentials and constraints for sustainable participatory integrated watershed management practices for the improvement of rural livelihoods. The study investigated socio-economic and biophysical conditions, along with their management practices. The results indicated that there was inefficient implementation of participatory integrated watershed management practices in terms of rainwater, soil and forest managements; as a result water scarcity and accelerated soil erosion, sedimentation, soil fertility loss were prominent, with a resultant reduction in both crop and livestock production in the watershed. Therefore, strategies to avert food insecurity situation are necessary. This could be achieved through a sustainable solution that better addresses integrated watershed management efforts.
description: Journal of Science and Sustainable Development, Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
15 years of new growth economics: What have we learnt?
Creators: name: Sala-I-Martin, Xavier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics

description: Paul Romer's paper "Increasing Returns and Long Run Growth" is now 15 years old. This path-breaking contribution led to a resurgence in research on Economic Growth. The new literature has made a number of important contributions. One of the main ones, perhaps the main one, is that it has shifted the research focus of macroeconomists. From the time Lucas, Barro, Prescott and Sargent led the rational expectations revolution until Romer, Barro and Lucas started the new literature on economic growth, macroeconomists devoted virtually zero effort to the study of long-run issues and they were all doing research on business cycle theory. And, in this sense, the new growth theory represented a step in the right direction. The new growth literature has had a similar impact on macroeconomics classes and textbooks. Up until 1986, most macroeconomics classes and most macroeconomic textbooks either relegated economic growth to play a marginal role or they neglected it altogether. Things are very different now. Modern undergraduate textbooks devote more than a third of their space to economic growth and most macroeconomic classes (graduate and undergraduate) devote a substantial amount of time to this important subject. The impact of these two changes on the training of new young economists is very important, and this should be viewed as another contribution of the new economic growth literature. But the contributions I wish to highlight in this conference are the substantial ones: I want to discuss the most significant ways in which the new economic growth literature has expanded our understanding of economics.
Additional file 3 of CRISPRi enables isoform-specific loss-of-function screens and identification of gastric cancer-specific isoform dependencies
Creators: name: Davies, Rebecca
name: Liu, Ling
name: Taotao, Sheng
name: Tuano, Natasha
name: Chaturvedi, Richa
name: Huang, Kie Kyon
name: Itman, Catherine
name: Mandoli, Amit
name: Qamra, Aditi
name: Hu, Changyuan
name: Powell, David
name: Daly, Roger J.
name: Tan, Patrick
name: Rosenbluh, Joseph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 3: Review history.
Assessment of Water Supply Systems in Karrayu Pastoral Area, Oromiya Region, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Kedir, Haji
name: Gebremichael, Yohannes
name: Tekalign, Solomon
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Sustainable Development
Year: 2015

description: This paper examines the major sources of water supply and their challenges in the pastoral areas of Karrayu. To achieve this objective, mixed method research including qualitative and quantitative methods, has been used. Multistage stratified sampling was used to identify 120 sample respondents from 3pastoral and agro-pastoral kebeles along Awash National Park and Metahara Estate Farm in Fentale Woreda. Semi-structured interview, focus group discussion, deep personal interview and field observation together with GPS readings of geospatial data were employed to collect primary data supplemented by secondary data sources. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Arc GIS 9.1 and ERDAS software were used to depict the spatial distribution of water point of the study area. The study identified natural/earthen ponds, traditional ponds, modern ponds, cistern, boreholes, irrigation canals, salty pipe-waters and river water points as major sources of water supply. The finding also indicated lack of water development schemes, which is below the other pastoral areas in Oromia region. The fluoride ion concentration of water from the Awash River was found 2.2mg/l, which is higher than WHO standard (1.5mg/l) while its turbidity is 569.25 that is 113.85 and 81.32times greater that the WHO and National Standards, respectively. The depth of boreholes ranges from 41 to 113m that were not fenced and hence affected by effects of degradation and high siltation. About 85.5%, 77.5%, 65%, 60% and 56.7% of the local community perceived such challenges that led to severe water scarcity as existence of estate farms and Awash National Park, climate change and frequent drought, conflict on water points, population growth, and mismanagement of water sources. This calls for holistic role of different stakeholders to be integrated to devise proper interventions mechanisms to access the local community with sustainable water supply system thereby sustain livelihood of the pastoral and agro pastoral community of Karrayu.
description: Journal of Science and Sustainable Development, Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)