cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Controlling spin Hall effect by using a band anticrossing and nonmagnetic impurity scattering
Creators: name: Mizoguchi, Tomonari
name: Arakawa, Naoya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin Hall effect (SHE) is one of the promising phenomena to utilize a spin current as spintronics devices, and the theoretical understanding of its microscopic mechanism is essential to know how to control its response. Although the SHE in multiorbital systems without inversion symmetry (IS) is expected to show several characteristic properties due to the cooperative roles of orbital degrees of freedom and a lack of IS, a theoretical understanding of the cooperative roles has been lacking. To clarify the cooperative roles, we study the spin Hall conductivity (SHC) derived by the linear-response theory for a $t_{2g}$-orbital tight-binding model of the $[001]$ surface or interface of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ in the presence of dilute nonmagnetic impurities. We find that the band anticrossing, arising from a combination of orbital degrees of freedom and a lack of IS, causes an increase of magnitude and a sign change of the SHC at some nonmagnetic impurity concentrations. Since a similar mechanism for controlling the magnitude and sign of the response of Hall effects works in other multiorbital systems without IS, our mechanism provides an ubiquitous method to control the magnitude and sign of the response of Hall effects in some multiorbital systems by introducing IS breaking and tuning of the nonmagnetic impurity concentration.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures for the main text, and 11 pages, 5 figures for the Supplemental Material
Access Points in the Library Catalog, a Key to Discovery
Creators: name: Dagher, Iman
name: Soufi, Denise
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: This presentation highlights the current condition of the NACO programs available for Middle East Librarians Association (MELA) members, with specific emphasis on the Arabic NACO Funnel and the means to avoid duplication and to ensure proper use of Name Authority Records in bibliographic records. It also addresses the SACO program and the opportunities available for MELA members to contribute to EDI principles in LC Subjects Headings, exemplified by a recent case study.
Drastic pressure effect on the extremely large magnetoresistance in WTe2: quantum oscillation study
Creators: name: Cai, P. L.
name: Hu, J.
name: He, L. P.
name: Pan, J.
name: Hong, X. C.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Wei, J.
name: Mao, Z. Q.
name: Li, S. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum oscillations of the magnetoresistance under ambient and high pressure have been studied for WTe$_2$ single crystals, in which extremely large magnetoresistance was discovered recently. By analyzing the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, four Fermi surfaces are identified, and two of them are found to persist to high pressure. The sizes of these two pockets are comparable, but show increasing difference with pressure. At 0.3 K and in 14.5 T, the magnetoresistance decreases drastically from 1.25 $\times$ $10^5$\% under ambient pressure to 7.47 $\times$ $10^3$\% under 23.6 kbar, which is likely caused by the relative change of Fermi surfaces. These results support the scenario that the perfect balance between the electron and hole populations is the origin of the extremely large magnetoresistance in WTe$_2$.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Choked jets in expanding envelope as the origin of the neutrino emission associated with Tidal Disruption Events
Creators: name: Zheng, Jian-He
name: Liu, Ruo-Yu
name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three tidal disruption event (TDE) candidates (AT2019dsg, AT2019fdr, AT2019aalc) have been found to be coincident with high-energy astrophysical neutrinos in multi-messenger follow-ups. Recent studies suggest the presence of a quasi-spherical, optically thick envelope around the supermassive black holes in TDEs, resulted from stellar debris after the disruption. The envelope may expand outwardly with a velocity of $\sim 10^4\, {\rm km/s}$, as indicated by the emission line widths. We study whether the neutrino signal can be explained by choked relativistic jets inside the expanding envelope. While powerful jets, such as that in Swift J1644+57, can successfully break out from the envelope, those with relatively weak power could be choked by the envelope. Choked jets can still accelerate cosmic rays and produce high-energy neutrinos via interaction with the thermal photons in the envelope. We explore the parameter space of the jets that can produce detectable neutrino flux while being choked in the expanding envelope. We find that the cumulative neutrino numbers of AT2019fdr and AT2019aalc are consistent with the expected range imposed by observations, while the allowed parameter space for AT2019dsg is small.The neutrino time delay relative to the optical peak time of TDEs can be explained as the jet propagation time in the envelope before being choked. The discovery of TDE-associated neutrino events may suggest that jets might have been commonly formed in TDEs, as expected from super-Eddington accretion, but most of them are too weak to break out from the expanding envelopes.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Accepted by ApJ, comments are welcome
Utilizing intelligence preparation of the operational environment to design an operational cyber intelligence framework
Creators: name: Vo, Hong Quan
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The increasing number of cyber offensive companies (cyber mercenaries) participating in developing and offering cyber offensive tools and services to the authorities, causes a growing concern to the public. This new emerging cyber threat raises the question of the trade-off between privacy and national security. Recently, independent research organizations have found that the regimes in the Middle East and South America were using cyber offensive technologies to target dissidents. This raises some important questions, namely, how those cyber mercenary companies operate, what type of products they offer, who their customers are, in what circumstances are these tools deployed, and what can be done to tackle this type of cyber threat. In order to answer the above questions, this research project aims to develop an operational cyber intelligence framework based on the concept of the intelligence preparation of the operational environment (IPOE) utilizing open-source intelligence (OSINT) to generate threat-actor profiles of these companies, and actionable intelligence to confront them.
Observer dependence of angular momentum in general relativity and its relationship to the gravitational-wave memory effect
Creators: name: Flanagan, Éanna É.
name: Nichols, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a procedure by which observers can measure a type of special-relativistic linear and angular momentum $(P^a, J^{ab})$ at a point in a curved spacetime using only the spacetime geometry in a neighborhood of that point. The method is chosen to yield the conventional results in stationary spacetimes near future null infinity. We also explore the extent to which spatially separated observers can compare the values of angular momentum that they measure and find consistent results. We define a generalization of parallel transport along curves which gives a prescription for transporting values of angular momentum along curves that yields the correct result in special relativity. If observers use this prescription, then they will find that the angular momenta they measure are observer dependent, because of the effects of spacetime curvature. The observer dependence can be quantified by a kind of generalized holonomy. We show that bursts of gravitational waves with memory generically give rise to a nontrivial generalized holonomy: there is, in this context, a close relation between the observer dependence of angular momentum and the gravitational-wave memory effect.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures. Matches version published in Phys. Rev. D with errors in Appendix A corrected
Group-galaxy correlations in redshift space as a probe of the growth of structure
Creators: name: Mohammad, Faizan G.
name: de la Torre, Sylvain
name: Bianchi, Davide
name: Guzzo, Luigi
name: Peacock, John A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the use of the cross-correlation between galaxies and galaxy groups to measure redshift-space distortions (RSD) and thus probe the growth rate of cosmological structure. This is compared to the classical approach based on using galaxy auto-correlation. We make use of realistic simulated galaxy catalogues that have been constructed by populating simulated dark matter haloes with galaxies through halo occupation prescriptions. We adapt the classical RSD dispersion model to the case of the group-galaxy cross-correlation function and estimate the RSD parameter $β$ by fitting both the full anisotropic correlation function $ξ(r_p,π)$ and its multipole moments. In addition, we define a modified version of the latter statistics by truncating the multipole moments to exclude strongly non-linear distortions at small transverse scales. We fit these three observable quantities in our set of simulated galaxy catalogues and estimate statistical and systematic errors on $β$ for the case of galaxy-galaxy, group-group, and group-galaxy correlation functions. When ignoring off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix in the fitting, the truncated multipole moments of the group-galaxy cross-correlation function provide the most accurate estimate, with systematic errors below 3% when fitting transverse scales larger than $10Mpc/h$. Including the full data covariance enlarges statistical errors but keep unchanged the level of systematic error. Although statistical errors are generally larger for groups, the use of group-galaxy cross-correlation can potentially allow the reduction of systematics while using simple linear or dispersion models.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures
Bronchodilator Responsiveness in Tobacco-Exposed People With or Without COPD
Creators: name: Bhatt, S.P.
name: Bowler, R.P.
name: Peters, S.P.
name: Quibrera, P.M.
name: Martinez, F.J.
name: Hansel, N.N.
name: Comellas, A.P.
name: Barr, R.G.
name: Dransfield, M.B.
name: Kanner, R.E.
name: Curtis, J.L.
name: Criner, G.J.
name: Arjomandi, M.
name: Fortis, S.
name: Putcha, N.
name: Hoffman, E.A.
name: Han, M.K.
name: Couper, D.
name: Kim, V.
name: Anderson, W.H.
name: Rennard, S.I.
name: Woodruff, P.G.
name: Barjaktarevic, I.Z.
name: Tashkin, D.P.
name: Paine, R., III
name: Cooper, C.B.
name: Dolezal, B.A.
name: Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study Investigators
name: Krishnan, J.A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2023

description: Background: Bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) in obstructive lung disease varies over time and may be associated with distinct clinical features. Research Question: Is consistent BDR over time (always present) differentially associated with obstructive lung disease features relative to inconsistent (sometimes present) or never (never present) BDR in tobacco-exposed people with or without COPD? Study Design and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 2,269 tobacco-exposed participants in the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study with or without COPD. We used various BDR definitions: change of ≥ 200 mL and ≥ 12% in FEV1 (FEV1-BDR), change in FVC (FVC-BDR), and change in in FEV1, FVC or both (ATS-BDR). Using generalized linear models adjusted for demographics, smoking history, FEV1 % predicted after bronchodilator administration, and number of visits that the participant completed, we assessed the association of BDR group: (1) consistent BDR, (2) inconsistent BDR, and (3) never BDR with asthma, CT scan features, blood eosinophil levels, and FEV1 decline in participants without COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] stage 0) and the entire cohort (participants with or without COPD). Results: Both consistent and inconsistent ATS-BDR were associated with asthma history and greater small airways disease (%parametric response mapping functional small airways disease) relative to never ATS-BDR in participants with GOLD stage 0 disease and the entire cohort. We observed similar findings using FEV1-BDR and FVC-BDR definitions. Eosinophils did not vary consistently among BDR groups. Consistent BDR was associated with FEV1 decline over time relative to never BDR in the entire cohort. In participants with GOLD stage 0 disease, both the inconsistent ATS-BDR group (OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 2.21-4.66; P < .001) and consistent ATS-BDR group (OR, 9.48; 95% CI, 3.77-29.12; P < .001) were associated with progression to COPD relative to the never ATS-BDR group. Interpretation: Demonstration of BDR, even once, describes an obstructive lung disease phenotype with a history of asthma and greater small airways disease. Consistent demonstration of BDR indicated a high risk of lung function decline over time in the entire cohort and was associated with higher risk of progression to COPD in patients with GOLD stage 0 disease.
Voltage-Controlled High-Bandwidth Terahertz Oscillators Based On Antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Lund, Mike A.
name: Rodrigues, Davi R.
name: Everschor-Sitte, Karin
name: Hals, Kjetil M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Producing compact voltage-controlled frequency generators and sensors operating in the terahertz (THz) regime represents a major technological challenge. Here, we show that noncollinear antiferromagnets (NCAFM) with kagome structure host gapless self-oscillations whose frequencies are tunable from 0 Hz to the THz regime via electrically induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs). The auto-oscillations' initiation, bandwidth, and amplitude are investigated by deriving an effective theory, which captures the reactive and dissipative SOTs. We find that the dynamics strongly depends on the ground state's chirality, with one chirality having gapped excitations, whereas the opposite chirality provides gapless self-oscillations. Our results reveal that NCAFMs offer unique THz functional components, which could play a significant role in filling the THz technology gap.
description: Finale version accepted by Physical Review Letters
Distant From a Dream: Sports, Detroit, and the Decline of a Model City
Creators: name: Nelson, Hunter
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Throughout the early part of the twentieth century, Detroit was interpreted as the "Model City" -- a land of social and economic opportunities. As the motor industry declined, however, the city turned to athletics as a way to resurrect some of its glory, but the strategies had varying levels of success. One of the primary ways Detroit hoped to revive its image in a period of turmoil and economic decline was through its athletics, as each sport could be viewed as a respective gathering space for citizens to come together, while promoting big business in the region. My three chapters focus on the city's Olympic planning, "revival" following the Tigers' 1968 World Series triumph after the race riots the previous year, and suburb stadium expansion. Ultimately, my presentation will demonstrate the ways athletics were used to reignite this "Model City" dream, before the exodus of White Flight changed the landscape of the city for the remainder of the century.
Optimality Guarantees for Particle Belief Approximation of POMDPs
Creators: name: Lim, Michael H.
name: Becker, Tyler J.
name: Kochenderfer, Mykel J.
name: Tomlin, Claire J.
name: Sunberg, Zachary N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) provide a flexible representation for real-world decision and control problems. However, POMDPs are notoriously difficult to solve, especially when the state and observation spaces are continuous or hybrid, which is often the case for physical systems. While recent online sampling-based POMDP algorithms that plan with observation likelihood weighting have shown practical effectiveness, a general theory characterizing the approximation error of the particle filtering techniques that these algorithms use has not previously been proposed. Our main contribution is bounding the error between any POMDP and its corresponding finite sample particle belief MDP (PB-MDP) approximation. This fundamental bridge between PB-MDPs and POMDPs allows us to adapt any sampling-based MDP algorithm to a POMDP by solving the corresponding particle belief MDP, thereby extending the convergence guarantees of the MDP algorithm to the POMDP. Practically, this is implemented by using the particle filter belief transition model as the generative model for the MDP solver. While this requires access to the observation density model from the POMDP, it only increases the transition sampling complexity of the MDP solver by a factor of $\mathcal{O}(C)$, where $C$ is the number of particles. Thus, when combined with sparse sampling MDP algorithms, this approach can yield algorithms for POMDPs that have no direct theoretical dependence on the size of the state and observation spaces. In addition to our theoretical contribution, we perform five numerical experiments on benchmark POMDPs to demonstrate that a simple MDP algorithm adapted using PB-MDP approximation, Sparse-PFT, achieves performance competitive with other leading continuous observation POMDP solvers.
Discontinuation, suboptimal adherence, and reinitiation of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, J.
name: Jiang, Y.
name: Wright, S.T.
name: Xu, J.
name: Ong, J.J.
name: Rutstein, S.E.
name: Li, C.
name: Tucker, J.D.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Hu, Z.
name: Geng, W.
name: Shang, H.
name: Tang, W.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2022

description: Background: Poor adherence to oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) diminishes its clinical and public health benefits. This study synthesises evidence regarding discontinuation, adherence, and reinitiation of PrEP among geographically diverse PrEP users. Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating studies published in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to Dec 18, 2020. We included longitudinal studies that presented data for PrEP discontinuation, defined as investigator-reported loss to follow-up or participant self-reported PrEP stoppage. Data were extracted from published reports and assessed for risk of bias. We used a random-effects meta-analysis to pool estimates of discontinuation and I2 and τ2 to evaluate heterogeneity. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020155675. Findings: We identified 4129 records, of which 59 articles were included (n=43 917 participants). 41·0% (95% CI 18·8–63·5) of participants discontinued PrEP within 6 months, with the highest rates in observational studies. The discontinuation rate in sub-Saharan Africa (47·5%, 95% CI: 29·4–66·4%) was higher than in other regions (p<0·001). Discontinuation rates were lower in studies with adherence interventions than in those without (24·7% vs 36·7%, p=0·015). Gay or bisexual men who have sex with men and transgender women offered daily or non-daily dosing options had lower discontinuation rates than those offered daily dosing alone (21·6% vs 31·5%; p<0·001). The pooled suboptimal adherence within 6 months was 37·7% (95% CI 8·4–66·9). Among people who discontinued PrEP, 47·3% (95% CI 31·5–63·2) reinitiated PrEP within 1 year of PrEP initiation. The included studies had poor quality in terms of study design, with a moderate risk of bias. Interpretation: Strategies to encourage reinitiating PrEP for new or persistent risk should be a focus of future PrEP implementation strategies. Funding: National Institutes of Health and Nature Science Foundation of China.
Strain induced quasi-unidimensional channels in twisted moiré lattices
Creators: name: Sinner, Andreas
name: Pantaleón, Pierre A.
name: Guinea, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of strain in moiré systems composed of honeycomb lattices. We elucidate the formation of almost perfect one-dimensional moiré patterns in twisted bilayer systems. The formation of such patterns is a consequence of an interplay between twist and strain which gives rise to a collapse of the reciprocal space unit cell. As a criterion for such collapse we find a simple relation between the two quantities and the material specific Poisson ratio. The induced one dimensional behavior is characterized by two, usually incommensurate, periodicities. Our results offer explanations for the complex patterns of one-dimensional channels observed in low angle twisted bilayer graphene systems and twisted bilayer dicalcogenides. Our findings can be applied to any hexagonal twisted moiré pattern and can be easily extended to other geometries.
A locally preferred structure characterises all dynamical regimes of a supercooled liquid
Creators: name: Soklaski, Ryan
name: Tran, Vy
name: Nussinov, Zohar
name: Kelton, K. F.
name: Yang, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental results suggest that metallic liquids universally exhibit a high-temperature dynamical crossover, which is correlated with the glass transition temperature ($T_{g}$). We demonstrate, using molecular dynamics results for Cu64Zr36, that this temperature, $T_{A} \approx 2 \times T_{g}$, is linked with cooperative atomic rearrangements that produce domains of connected icosahedra. Supercooling to a new characteristic temperature, $T_{D}$, is shown to produce higher order cooperative rearrangements amongst connected icosahedra, leading to large-scale domain fluctuations and the onset of glassy dynamics. These extensive domains then abruptly stabilize above $T_{g}$ and eventually percolate before the glass is formed. All characteristic temperatures ($T_{A}$, $T_{D}$ and $T_{g}$) are thus connected by successive manifestations of the structural cooperativity that begins at $T_{A}$.
description: 21 pages with 9 figures, Philosophical Magazine, 2016
Second-order numerical schemes for decoupled forward-backward stochastic differential equations with jumps
Creators: name: Zhao, Weidong
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Zhang, Guannan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H35, 60H10, 65C20, 65C30

description: We propose new numerical schemes for decoupled forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) with jumps, where the stochastic dynamics are driven by a $d$-dimensional Brownian motion and an independent compensated Poisson random measure. A semi-discrete scheme is developed for discrete time approximation, which is constituted by a classic scheme for the forward SDE [17, 25] and a novel scheme for the backward SDE. Under some reasonable regularity conditions, we prove that the semi-discrete scheme can achieve second-order convergence in approximating the FBSDEs of interest; and such convergence rate does not require jump-adapted temporal discretization. Next, to add in spatial discretization, a fully discrete scheme is developed by designing accurate quadrature rules for estimating the involved conditional mathematical expectations. Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and the high accuracy of the proposed schemes.
On Hopf adjunctions, Hopf monads and Frobenius-type properties
Creators: name: Balan, Adriana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D10, 18C15, 18A40, 16T05

description: Let $U$ be a strong monoidal functor between monoidal categories. If it has both a left adjoint $L$ and a right adjoint $R$, we show that the pair $(R,L)$ is a linearly distributive functor and $(U,U)\dashv (R,L)$ is a linearly distributive adjunction, if and only if $L\dashv U$ is a Hopf adjunction and $U\dashv R$ is a coHopf adjunction. We give sufficient conditions for a strong monoidal $U$ which is part of a (left) Hopf adjunction $L\dashv U$, to have as right adjoint a twisted version of the left adjoint $L$. In particular, the resulting adjunction will be (left) coHopf. One step further, we prove that if $L$ is precomonadic and $L\mathbf I$ is a Frobenius monoid (where $\mathbf I$ denotes the unit object of the monoidal category), then $L\dashv U\dashv L$ is an ambidextrous adjunction, and $L$ is a Frobenius monoidal functor. We transfer these results to Hopf monads: we show that under suitable exactness assumptions, a Hopf monad $T$ on a monoidal category has a right adjoint which is also a Hopf comonad, if the object $T\mathbf I$ is dualizable as a free $T$-algebra. In particular, if $T\mathbf I$ is a Frobenius monoid in the monoidal category of $T$-algebras and $T$ is of descent type, then $T$ is a Frobenius monad and a Frobenius monoidal functor.
description: 31 pages, accepted for publication in Applied Categorical Structures; improved and simplified version of the previous submission (mainly in the Section 4.1)
Extended Analysis of HIV Infection in Cisgender Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex with Men Receiving Injectable Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention: HPTN 083
Creators: name: Arduino, R.C.
name: Kofron, R.
name: Mayer, K.
name: McCauley, M.
name: Weng, L.
name: Bushman, L.R.
name: Adeyeye, A.
name: Ford, S.L.
name: Fogel, J.M.
name: Halvas, E.K.
name: Rooney, J.F.
name: Anderson, P.L.
name: Chariyalertsak, S.
name: Marzinke, M.A.
name: Hanscom, B.
name: Mellors, J.
name: Eshleman, S.H.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Landovitz, R.J.
name: Piwowar-Manning, E.
name: Gollings, R.
name: Grinsztejn, B.
name: Rinehart, A.R.
name: Hendrix, C.W.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Moser, A.
name: Bhandari, P.
name: Persaud, D.
name: St Clair, M.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2023

description: HPTN 083 demonstrated that injectable cabotegravir (CAB) was superior to oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine (TDF-FTC) for HIV prevention in cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men. We previously analyzed 58 infections in the blinded phase of HPTN 083 (16 in the CAB arm and 42 in the TDF-FTC arm). This report describes 52 additional infections that occurred up to 1 year after study unblinding (18 in the CAB arm and 34 in the TDF-FTC arm). Retrospective testing included HIV testing, viral load testing, quantification of study drug concentrations, and drug resistance testing. The new CAB arm infections included 7 with CAB administration within 6 months of the first HIV-positive visit (2 with on-time injections, 3 with ≥1 delayed injection, and 2 who restarted CAB) and 11 with no recent CAB administration. Three cases had integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) resistance (2 with on-time injections and 1 who restarted CAB). Among 34 CAB infections analyzed to date, diagnosis delays and INSTI resistance were significantly more common in infections with CAB administration within 6 months of the first HIV-positive visit. This report further characterizes HIV infections in persons receiving CAB preexposure prophylaxis and helps define the impact of CAB on the detection of infection and the emergence of INSTI resistance.
Detecting the cosmological neutrino background in the CMB
Creators: name: Sellentin, Elena
name: Durrer, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three relativistic particles in addition to the photon are detected in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In the standard model of cosmology, these are interpreted as the three neutrino species. However, at the time of CMB-decoupling, neutrinos are not only relativistic but they are also freestreaming. Here, we investigate, whether the CMB is sensitive to this defining feature of neutrinos, or whether the CMB-data allow to replace neutrinos with a relativistic fluid. We show that free streaming particles are preferred over a relativistic perfect fluid with $Δχ^2\simeq 21$. We also study the possibility to replace the neutrinos by a viscous fluid and find that a relativistic viscous fluid with either the standard values $c_{\rm eff}^2=c_{\rm vis}^2=1/3$ or best fit values for $c_{\rm eff}^2$ and $c_{\rm vis}^2$ has $Δχ^2=20$ and thus cannot provide a good fit to present CMB data either.
description: 10 pages 7 figures, version accepted for publication in PRD
Case Presentation and Conclusion
Creators: name: Hartanto, Tony
name: IASI, Jerman
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Webinar IASI
Diaspora Indonesia - Jerman
Covid-19

description: Webinar ini diselenggarakan oleh IASI Jerman (Ikatan Ahli dan Sarjana Indonesia Jerman) dan didukung oleh GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH atau Lembaga Pelaksana Kerjasama Teknis Pemerintah Jerman) dan CIM (Centrum für Internationale Migration und Entwicklung), yaitu lembaga yang merupakan join operation antara GIZ dengan Dinas Tenaga Kerja Jerman, dan juga didukung oleh Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Tujuan dari rangkaian webinar ini, kami ingin berbagi pengalaman, bagaimana penggunaan alat Ventilator digunakan dalam penanganan pasien dengan penyakit paru dan saluran pernafasan, termasuk pada pasien Covid-19 Kami berharap dengan rangkaian Webinar ini, kita bisa bersama sama mengoptimalisasikan penanganan melawan Covid-19 ini.
Large sets avoiding infinite arithmetic / geometric progressions
Creators: name: Burgin, Alex
name: Goldberg, Samuel
name: Keleti, Tamás
name: MacMahon, Connor
name: Wang, Xianzhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A99

description: We study some variants of the Erdős similarity problem. We pose the question if every measurable subset of the real line with positive measure contains a similar copy of an infinite geometric progression. We construct a compact subset $E$ of the real line such that $0$ is a Lebesgue density point of $E$, but $E$ does not contain any (non-constant) infinite geometric progression. We give a sufficient density type condition that guarantees that a set contains an infinite geometric progression. By slightly improving a recent result of Bradford, Kohut and Mooroogen arXiv:2205.04786, we construct a closed set $F\subset[0,\infty)$ such that the measure of $F\cap[t,t+1]$ tends to $1$ at infinity but $F$ does not contain any infinite arithmetic progression. We also slightly improve a more general recent result by Kolountzakis and Papageorgiou arXiv:2208.02637 for more general sequences. We give a sufficient condition that guarantees that a given Cantor type set contains at least one infinite geometric progression with any quotient between $0$ and $1$. This can be applied to most symmetric Cantor sets of positive measure.
Prediction of serum HIV-1 neutralization titers of VRC01 in HIV-uninfected Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trial participants
Creators: name: Mgodi, N.
name: Edupuganti, S.
name: Karuna, S.
name: Juraska, M.
name: Mkhize, N.N.
name: Andrew, P.
name: Montefiori, D.C.
name: Eaton, A.
name: Ledgerwood, J.
name: Mascola, J.
name: Rudnicki, E.
name: Zhang, L.
name: Morris, L.
name: McDermott, A.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Corey, L.
name: Gilbert, P.B.
name: Cohen, M.
name: Randhawa, A.
name: DeCamp, A.
name: Carpp, L.N.
Publisher: name: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
Year: 2022

description: VRC01 is being evaluated in the AMP efficacy trials, the first assessment of a passively administered broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody (bnAb) for HIV-1 prevention. A key analysis will assess serum VRC01-mediated neutralization as a potential correlate of protection. To prepare for this analysis, we conducted a pilot study where we measured longitudinal VRC01 serum concentrations and serum VRC01-mediated neutralization in 47 and 31 HIV-1 uninfected AMP participants, respectively. We applied four different statistical approaches to predict serum VRC01-mediated neutralization titer against Env-pseudotyped viruses, including breakthrough viruses isolated from AMP placebo recipients who became HIV-1 infected during the trial, using VRC01 serum concentration and neutralization potency (IC50 or IC80) of the VRC01 clinical lot against the same virus. Approaches 3 and 4, which utilized pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics joint modeling of concentration and neutralization titer, generally performed the best or comparably to Approaches 1 and 2, which, respectively, utilized only measured and model-predicted concentration. For prediction of ID80 titers against breakthrough viruses, Approaches 1 and 2 rendered comparable performance to Approaches 3 and 4, and could be reasonable approaches to adopt in practice as they entail reduced assay cost and less complicated statistical analysis. Our results may be applied to future studies of other bnAbs and bnAb combinations to maximize resource efficiency in serum neutralization titer measurement.
Technologies for trapped-ion quantum information systems
Creators: name: Eltony, Amira M.
name: Gangloff, Dorian
name: Shi, Molu
name: Bylinskii, Alexei
name: Vuletić, Vladan
name: Chuang, Isaac L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scaling-up from prototype systems to dense arrays of ions on chip, or vast networks of ions connected by photonic channels, will require developing entirely new technologies that combine miniaturized ion trapping systems with devices to capture, transmit and detect light, while refining how ions are confined and controlled. Building a cohesive ion system from such diverse parts involves many challenges, including navigating materials incompatibilities and undesired coupling between elements. Here, we review our recent efforts to create scalable ion systems incorporating unconventional materials such as graphene and indium tin oxide, integrating devices like optical fibers and mirrors, and exploring alternative ion loading and trapping techniques.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures
Tailoring population transfer between two hyperfine ground states of Rb87
Creators: name: Sierant, Aleksandra
name: Kopciuch, Marek
name: Pustelny, Szymon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the coherent control over a complex multi-level atomic system using the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Based on the example of rubidium-87 atoms, excited with circularly-polarized light at the D1 line, we demonstrate the ability to decompose the system into three- and four-level subsystems independently interacting with light beams. Focusing on the four-level system, we demonstrate that the presence of an additional excited state significantly affects the dynamics of the system evolution. Specifically, it is shown that, through the appropriate tuning of the light beams, some of the transfer channels can be blocked, which leads to better control over the system. We also demonstrate that this effect is most significant in media free from inhomogeneous broadening (e.g., Doppler effect) and deteriorates if such broadening is present. For instance, motion of atoms affects both the efficiency and selectivity of the transfer.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
ผลของสารสกัดจากพริกต่อคุณสมบัติในการยับยั้งการทำงานของเอนไซม์แซนทีนออกซิเดส
Creators: name: สุวัชชัย มิสุนา
Publisher: name: คณะเทคโนโลยีการเกษตร มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏมหาสารคาม
Year: 2023
Subjects: พริก
แซนทีนออกซิเดส
อัลโลพูรินอล
การยับยั้งการทำงานของเอนไซม์

description: วารสารเกษตรพระวรุณ, 20, 2, 21-28
Escape rate scaling in infinite measure preserving systems
Creators: name: Knight, Georgie
name: Munday, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the scaling of the escape rate from piecewise-linear dynamical systems displaying intermittency due to the presence of an indifferent fixed-point. Strong intermittent behaviour in the dynamics can result in the system preserving an infinite measure. We define a neighbourhood of the indifferent fixed point to be a hole through which points escape and investigate the scaling of the rate of this escape as the length of the hole decreases, both in the finite measure preserving case and infinite measure preserving case. In the infinite measure preserving systems we observe logarithmic corrections to and polynomial scaling of the escape rate with hole length. Finally we conjecture a relationship between the wandering rate and the observed scaling of the escape rate.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Includes corrections and updated figures from previous version
Stable Deep MRI Reconstruction using Generative Priors
Creators: name: Zach, Martin
name: Knoll, Florian
name: Pock, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data-driven approaches recently achieved remarkable success in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reconstruction, but integration into clinical routine remains challenging due to a lack of generalizability and interpretability. In this paper, we address these challenges in a unified framework based on generative image priors. We propose a novel deep neural network based regularizer which is trained in a generative setting on reference magnitude images only. After training, the regularizer encodes higher-level domain statistics which we demonstrate by synthesizing images without data. Embedding the trained model in a classical variational approach yields high-quality reconstructions irrespective of the sub-sampling pattern. In addition, the model shows stable behavior when confronted with out-of-distribution data in the form of contrast variation. Furthermore, a probabilistic interpretation provides a distribution of reconstructions and hence allows uncertainty quantification. To reconstruct parallel MRI, we propose a fast algorithm to jointly estimate the image and the sensitivity maps. The results demonstrate competitive performance, on par with state-of-the-art end-to-end deep learning methods, while preserving the flexibility with respect to sub-sampling patterns and allowing for uncertainty quantification.
Rangkuman NIV dan Weaning
Creators: name: Indrawata, David
name: IASI, Jerman
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Webinar IASI
Diaspora Indonesia - Jerman
Covid-19

description: Webinar ini diselenggarakan oleh IASI Jerman (Ikatan Ahli dan Sarjana Indonesia Jerman) dan didukung oleh GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH atau Lembaga Pelaksana Kerjasama Teknis Pemerintah Jerman) dan CIM (Centrum für Internationale Migration und Entwicklung), yaitu lembaga yang merupakan join operation antara GIZ dengan Dinas Tenaga Kerja Jerman, dan juga didukung oleh Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Tujuan dari rangkaian webinar ini, kami ingin berbagi pengalaman, bagaimana penggunaan alat Ventilator digunakan dalam penanganan pasien dengan penyakit paru dan saluran pernafasan, termasuk pada pasien Covid-19 Kami berharap dengan rangkaian Webinar ini, kita bisa bersama sama mengoptimalisasikan penanganan melawan Covid-19 ini.
Acceleration effects on atomic clocks
Creators: name: Dahia, F.
name: de Araujo, P. J. Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a free massive particle inside a box which is dragged by Rindler observers. Admitting that the particle obeys the Klein-Gordon equation, we find the frequencies of the stationary states of this system. Transitions between the stationary states are employed to set a standard frequency for a toy atomic clock. Comparing the energy spectrum of the accelerated system with the energy spectrum of an identical system in an inertial frame, we determine the influence of the instantaneous acceleration on the rate of atomic clocks. We argue that our result does not violate the clock hypothesis.
description: In this version the discussion was improved and calculations are done with more details. To appear in Class. Quant. Grav
HIV RNA Screening Reduces Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Resistance Risk in Persons Receiving Long-Acting Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention
Creators: name: HPTN 083 Study Team
name: Halvas, E.K.
name: Piwowar-Manning, E.
name: Grinsztejn, B.
name: Fogel, J.M.
name: Adeyeye, A.
name: Hanscom, B.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Rinehart, A.R.
name: Marzinke, M.A.
name: Kofron, R.
name: Cabello, R.
name: Middelkoop, K.
name: Wang, Z.
name: McCauley, M.
name: Hinojosa, J.C.
name: Eshleman, S.H.
name: Mellors, J.
name: Landovitz, R.J.
name: St Clair, M.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2022

description: BACKGROUND: The HPTN 083 trial demonstrated that long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) was superior to tenofovir-disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were detected in some participants with HIV infection. We used a low viral load INSTI genotyping assay to evaluate the timing of emergence of INSTI RAMs and assessed whether HIV screening with a sensitive RNA assay would have detected HIV infection before INSTI resistance emerged. METHODS: Single-genome sequencing to detect INSTI RAMs was performed for samples with viral loads <500 copies/mL from 5 participants with previously identified INSTI RAMs and 2 with no prior genotyping results. RESULTS: Major INSTI RAMs were detected in all 7 cases. HIV RNA testing identified infection before major INSTI RAMs emerged in 4 cases and before additional major INSTI RAMs accumulated in 1 case. Most INSTI RAMs were detected early when the viral load was low and CAB concentration was high. CONCLUSIONS: When using CAB-LA PrEP, earlier detection of HIV infection with a sensitive RNA assay may allow for earlier treatment initiation with the potential to reduce INSTI resistance risk. Further studies are needed to evaluate the value and feasibility of HIV RNA testing with CAB-LA PrEP.
Spin and spin current -- From fundamentals to recent progress
Creators: name: Maekawa, Sadamichi
name: Kikkawa, Takashi
name: Chudo, Hiroyuki
name: Ieda, Jun'ichi
name: Saitoh, Eiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Along with the progress of spin science and spintronics research, the flow of electron spins, (i.e. spin current), has attracted interest. New phenomena and electronic states were explained in succession using the concept of spin current. Moreover, as many of the conventionally known spintronics phenomena became well organized based on spin current, it has rapidly been recognized as an essential concept in a wide range of condensed matter physics. In this article, we focus on recent developments in the physics of spin, spin current, and their related phenomena, where the conversion between spin angular momentum and different forms of angular momentum plays an essential role. Starting with an introduction to spin current, we first discuss the recent progress in spintronic phenomena driven by spin-exchange coupling: spin pumping, topological Hall torque, and emergent inductor. We, then, extend our discussion to the interaction/interconversion of spins with heat, lattice vibrations, and charge current and address recent progress and perspectives on the spin Seebeck and Peltier effects. Next, we review the interaction between mechanical motion and electron/nuclear spins and argue the difference between the Barnett field and rotational Doppler effect. We show that the Barnett effect reveals the angular momentum compensation temperature, at which the net angular momentum is quenched in ferrimagnets.
description: 23 pages, 19 figures, Introduction and References updated