cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mini-Workshop: Three Facets of R-Matrices (hybrid meeting)
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Zürich : EMS Publ. House
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: 510

description: By definition, an $R$-matrix with spectral parameter is a solution to the Yang-Baxter equation, introduced in the 1970's by C.N. Yang and R.J. Baxter. Such a matrix encodes the Boltzmann weights of a lattice model of statistical mechanics, and the Yang-Baxter equation appears naturally as a sufficient condition for its solvability. In the last decade, several mathematical and physical theories have led to seemingly different constructions of $R$-matrices. The theme of this workshop was the interaction of three such approaches, each of which has independently proven to be valuable: the geometric, analytic and gauge-theoretic constructions of $R$-matrices. Its aim was to bring together leading experts and researchers from each school of thought, whose recent works have given novel interpretations to this nearly classical topic.
Automatic Generation of the Axial Lines of Urban Environments to Capture What We Perceive
Creators: name: Jiang, Bin
name: Liu, Xintao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Based on the concepts of isovists and medial axes, we developed a set of algorithms that can automatically generate axial lines for representing individual linearly stretched parts of open space of an urban environment. Open space is the space between buildings, where people can freely move around. The generation of the axial lines has been a key aspect of space syntax research, conventionally relying on hand-drawn axial lines of an urban environment, often called axial map, for urban morphological analysis. Although various attempts have been made towards an automatic solution, few of them can produce the axial map that consists of the least number of longest visibility lines, and none of them really works for different urban environments. Our algorithms provide a better solution than existing ones. Throughout this paper, we have also argued and demonstrated that the axial lines constitute a true skeleton, superior to medial axes, in capturing what we perceive about the urban environment. Keywords: Visibility, space syntax, topological analysis, medial axes, axial lines, isovists
description: 13 pages, 9 figures submitted to International Journal of Geographical Information Science. With version 2, the concept of bucket has been explained and illustrated in more detail. With version 3, better formating and finetune
Advanced methods to investigate hydro‐morphological processes in open‐water environments
Creators: name: Haun, Stefan
name: Dietrich, Stephan
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: Hydro‐morphology describes the interactions between water and sediments in fluvial systems and the corresponding processes across all spatial and temporal scales. The results are natural and anthropogenically influenced bed structures and fluvial landforms. However, many of these hydro‐morphological processes cannot be described analytically yet, as a result of their stochastic behaviour and the multitude of processes involved across spatial and temporal scales. Deeper knowledge of these processes is essential, not only for understanding the system itself, but also for practical applications, which rely on correct and reliable investigations of these processes. During the European Geoscience Union (EGU) General Assembly (GA) 2018 in Vienna, Austria, the conveners of the session on “Measurements, monitoring and numerical modelling of sedimentary and hydro‐morphological processes in open‐water environments” had the idea of initiating a special issue, containing a collection of recent achievements in this research field. The aim of this extended introduction is twofold. First, an overview on research needs in investigating hydro‐morphological processes in open‐water environments is given in this article. Second, recently published studies that aim to improve the understanding of hydro‐morphological processes in rivers, lakes and reservoirs by innovative measurement approaches are discussed. In addition to submitted papers collected from the EGU GA in 2017, 2018 and 2019, related studies published in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (ESPL) over the last two years are also incorporated into this special issue. The papers selected cover a wide range of studies with differing spatial and temporal resolutions. This broad spectrum of different scales clearly indicates the challenges associated with the development and use of advanced methods for investigating hydro‐morphological processes in open‐water environments.
description: Baden‐Württemberg Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008316
Smectic and columnar ordering in length-polydisperse fluids of parallel hard cylinders
Creators: name: Martinez-Raton, Yuri
name: Cuesta, Jose A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a recently proposed density functional for mixtures of parallel hard cylinders, based on Rosenfeld's fundamental measure theory, to study the effect of length-polydispersity on the relative stability between the smectic and columnar liquid crystal phases.To this purpose we derive from this functional an expression for the direct correlation function and use it to perform a bifurcation analysis. We compare the results with those obtained with a second and a third virial approximation of this function. All three approximations lead to the same conclusion: there is a terminal polydispersity beyond which the smectic phase is less stable than the columnar phase. This result is in agreement with previous Monte Carlo simulations conducted on a freely rotating length-polydisperse hard spherocylinder fluid, although the theories always overestimate the terminal polydispersity because the nematic-columnar phase transition is first order and exhibits a wide coexistence gap. Both, the fundamental-measure functional and the third virial approximation, predict a metastable nematic-nematic demixing. Conversely, according to second virial approximation this demixing might be stable at high values of the polydispersity, something that is observed neither in simulations nor in experiments. The results of the fundamental-measure functional are quantitatively superior to those obtained from the other two approximations. Thus this functional provides a promising route to map out the full phase diagram of this system.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
From St Kitts to Agadir : reform of the International Whaling Commission from 2006 - 2010
Creators: name: Iliff, MS
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The 2006 annual meeting of the International Whaling Commission in St Kitts was notable for two interconnected reasons: first, the failure of discussion on the Revised Management Scheme, the introduction of which, it had been hoped by the pro-whaling faction, would lead to a lifting of the moratorium and a resumption of some form of commercial whaling; and secondly, the passing of the St Kitts and Nevis Declaration. In reaffirming the true purpose of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling as being a convention for the sustainable hunting of whales, passing of the Declaration was a major win for the pro-whaling side. Following that meeting, the incoming chairman of the Commission, Bill Hogarth, launched a program to seek a way forward for the Commission to overcome the division and bitterness between the pro and anti-whaling groups and thereby improve the effectiveness of the Commission as a whole. This thesis follows the debate within the International Whaling Commission between 2006 and 2010, and using primary official sources and first hand observations, examines those issues affecting the future of the IWC. It investigates and comments on the objectives and agendas of both pro- and anti-whaling groups within the IWC, together with the non-government organisations involved in the whaling issue, and suggests courses of action for all parties. Individual chapters address issues such as the normalization of the International Whaling Commission, the modernisation of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, the Hogarth Initiatives and other initiatives for improving the effectiveness of the regime. The thesis investigates two possible outcomes of the current initiatives: a continuation of the unsatisfactory status quo, and a radical replacement of the current regime with an equally unsatisfactory situation, including separate conventions for pro and anti-whaling nations. The thesis concludes that an alternative falling between these two extremes is both possible and achievable, and explores ways in which this reform might be accomplished in the near future.
The Quantum Capacitance Detector: A concept for a pair-breaking radiation detector based on the single Cooper-pair box
Creators: name: Shaw, M. D.
name: Bueno, J.
name: Day, P.
name: Bradford, C. M.
name: Echternach, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a proposed design for a pair-breaking photodetector for far-infrared and sub-millimeter radiation. Antenna-coupled radiation generates quasiparticles in a superconducting absorber, the density of which are measured using a single Cooper-pair box. Readout is performed using an electromagnetic oscillator or a microwave resonator, which is well suited for frequency multiplexing in large arrays. Theoretical limits to detector sensitivity are discussed and modeled, with predicted sensitivities rivaling transition-edge sensors and microwave kinetic inductance detectors. We anticipate that this detector can be used to address key scientific goals in far-infrared and sub-millimeter astronomy.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures. Corrected expression for Fano noise NEP, improved Fig. 9, removed section on energy resolution
Combinatorial Optimization (hybrid meeting)
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Zürich : EMS Publ. House
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: 510

description: Combinatorial Optimization deals with optimization problems defined on combinatorial structures such as graphs and networks. Motivated by diverse practical problem setups, the topic has developed into a rich mathematical discipline with many connections to other fields of Mathematics (such as, e.g., Combinatorics, Convex Optimization and Geometry, and Real Algebraic Geometry). It also has strong ties to Theoretical Computer Science and Operations Research. A series of Oberwolfach Workshops have been crucial for establishing and developing the field. The workshop we report about was a particularly exciting event - due to the depth of results that were presented, the spectrum of developments that became apparent from the talks, the breadth of the connections to other mathematical fields that were explored, and last but not least because for many of the particiants it was the first opportunity to exchange ideas and to collaborate during an on-site workshop since almost two years.
Simulation of Record Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Depletion in 2020
Creators: name: Grooß, Jens‐Uwe
name: Müller, Rolf
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: In the Arctic winter/spring of 2019/2020, stratospheric temperatures were exceptionally low until early April and the polar vortex was very stable. As a consequence, significant chemical ozone depletion occurred in the Arctic polar vortex in spring 2020. Here, we present simulations using the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere that address the development of chlorine compounds and ozone in the Arctic stratosphere in 2020. The simulation reproduces relevant observations of ozone and chlorine compounds, as shown by comparisons with data from the Microwave Limb Sounder, Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment‐Fourier Transform Spectrometer, balloon‐borne ozone sondes, and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument. Although the concentration of chlorine and bromine compounds in the polar stratosphere has decreased by more than 10% compared to peak values around the year 2000, the meteorological conditions in winter/spring 2019/2020 caused unprecedented ozone depletion. The lowest simulated ozone mixing ratio was about 40 ppbv. Because extremely low ozone mixing ratios were reached in the lower polar stratosphere, chlorine deactivation into HCl occurred as is normally observed in the Antarctic polar vortex. The depletion in partial column ozone in the lower stratosphere (potential temperature from 350 to 600 K, corresponding to about 12–24 km) in the vortex core was calculated to reach 143 Dobson Units, which is more than the ozone loss in 2011 and 2016, the years which —until 2020— had seen the largest Arctic ozone depletion on record.
description: Plain Language Summary: In Arctic winter and spring 2019/2020, the stratospheric temperatures were exceptionally low for a long time period. This caused an unprecedented Arctic ozone depletion. We show simulations that represent this ozone depletion. The simulated ozone mixing ratios compare well with satellite and in situ observations.
description: Key Points: The Arctic vortex was exceptionally cold and stable in winter 2019/2020 resulting in substantial Arctic ozone depletion. Arctic ozone loss in 2020 exceeded that in the cold Arctic springs of 2011 and 2016 that had previously shown the strongest ozone depletion. Significant chlorine deactivation into HCl occurred, as is regularly observed in Antarctica.
description: Earth System Modeling (ESM)
description: VSR commission
Krylov implementation of the hybridization expansion impurity solver and application to 5-orbital models
Creators: name: Laeuchli, Andreas
name: Werner, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an implementation of the hybridization expansion impurity solver which employs sparse matrix exact-diagonalization techniques to compute the time evolution of the local Hamiltonian. This method avoids computationally expensive matrix-matrix multiplications and becomes advantageous over the conventional implementation for models with 5 or more orbitals. In particular, this method will allow the systematic investigation of 7-orbital systems (lanthanide and actinide compounds) within single-site dynamical mean field theory. We illustrate the power and usefulness of our approach with dynamical mean field results for a 5-orbital model which captures some aspects of the physics of the iron based superconductors.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Complexity Theory (hybrid meeting)
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Zürich : EMS Publ. House
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: 510

description: Computational Complexity Theory is the mathematical study of the intrinsic power and limitations of computational resources like time, space, or randomness. The current workshop focused on recent developments in various sub-areas including interactive proof systems, quantum information and computation, algorithmic coding theory, arithmetic complexity, expansion of hypergraphs and simplicial complexes, Markov chain Monte Carlo, and pseudorandomness. Many of the developments are related to diverse mathematical fields such as algebraic geometry, extremal combinatorics, combinatorial number theory, probability theory, representation theory, and operator algebras.
Pro-active acoustic noise reduction for magnetic resonance imaging scanners
Creators: name: Jackson, JM
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Large acoustic noise generated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners pose significant problems for a patient undergoing a scan, in addition to attending medical staff. A heightened sense of anxiety, difficulty communicating with medical staff, and mild irritation through to acute discomfort are all results of the large noise amplitude produced during the scanning process. Gradient coils are a component of MRI hardware that have been found to be the major contributor of acoustic noise and are thus the subject of this thesis. A gradient coil is required to produce a homogeneous linear field to excite nuclei in a predictable manner so that clear images can be obtained. A feature of gradient coils is that they must be switched on and off repeatedly during the imaging process. This switching generates large Lorentz forces on the chamber, which causes the chamber to deform and promotes a pressure wave inside the chamber that can be heard as acoustic noise. The problem becomes one of designing current winding patterns on the gradient coil that produce a specified linear field and have a reduced simulated acoustic noise output. This problem is studied in detail and is accomplished using a Tikhonov regularisation process. This thesis looks directly at theoretical methods to actively reduce simulated acoustic noise during the MRI scanning process. Pro-active noise reduction, in this work, is achieved by reducing the deflection of the gradient coil, which leads to the design of quiet gradient coils. Beginning with a relatively simple one dimensional radial coil deformation model and requiring a high level of linearity of the gradient field, designs for the current windings on the gradient coils are produced. In this first model a comparatively small reduction of 0.6 dB was attained; however, previous work was extended to account for realistic switching sequences. Next, a more sophisticated three dimensional deflection model was considered, which produced a similar small level of noise reduction, but nonetheless substantial insight into the physical process behind the generation of noise was obtained. Finally, a robust technique for designing very quiet gradient coils, reducing the noise by 49 dB, was achieved by abandoning the requirement that the gradient
Preliminary Statistical Comparisons of Spin‐Averaged Electron Data From Arase and Van Allen Probes Instruments
Creators: name: Szabó‐Roberts, Mátyás
name: Shprits, Yuri Y.
name: Allison, Hayley J.
name: Vasile, Ruggero
name: Smirnov, Artem G.
name: Aseev, Nikita A.
name: Drozdov, Alexander Y.
name: Miyoshi, Yoshizumi
name: Claudepierre, Seth G.
name: Kasahara, Satoshi
name: Yokota, Shoichiro
name: Mitani, Takefumi
name: Takashima, Takeshi
name: Higashio, Nana
name: Hori, Tomo
name: Keika, Kunihiro
name: Imajo, Shun
name: Shinohara, Iku
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: Following the end of the Van Allen Probes mission, the Arase satellite offers a unique opportunity to continue in‐situ radiation belt and ring current particle measurements into the next solar cycle. In this study we compare spin‐averaged flux measurements from the MEPe, HEP‐L, HEP‐H, and XEP‐SSD instruments on Arase with those from the MagEIS and REPT instruments on the Van Allen Probes, calculating Pearson correlation coefficient and the mean ratio of fluxes at L* conjunctions between the spacecraft. Arase and Van Allen Probes measurements show a close agreement over a wide range of energies, observing a similar general evolution of electron flux, as well as average, peak, and minimum values. Measurements from the two missions agree especially well in the 3.6 = L* ≤ 4.4 range where Arase samples similar magnetic latitudes to Van Allen Probes. Arase tends to record higher flux for energies <670 keV with longer decay times after flux enhancements, particularly for L* 1.4 MeV, Arase flux measurements are generally lower than those of Van Allen Probes, especially for L* > 4.4. The correlation coefficient values show that the >1.4 MeV flux from both missions are well correlated, indicating a similar general evolution, although flux magnitudes differ. We perform a preliminary intercalibration between the two missions using the mean ratio of the fluxes as an energy‐ and L*‐ dependent intercalibration factor. The intercalibration factor improves agreement between the fluxes in the 0.58–1 MeV range.
description: Key Points: MEPe, HEPH, HEPL, XEPSSD, and MAGEIS/REPT show a good correlation at energies above 300 keV and 3
description: Camargo Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001666
description: EC, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (H2020) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661
description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
New Perspectives and Computational Challenges in High Dimensions
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Zürich : EMS Publ. House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: 510

description: High-dimensional systems are frequent in mathematics and applied sciences, and the understanding of high-dimensional phenomena has become increasingly important. The mathematical subdisciplines most strongly related to such phenomena are functional analysis, convex geometry, and probability theory. In fact, a new area emerged, called asymptotic geometric analysis, which is at the very core of these disciplines and bears a number of deep connections to mathematical physics, numerical analysis, and theoretical computer science. The last two decades have seen a tremendous growth in this area. Far reaching results were obtained and various powerful techniques have been developed, which rather often have a probabilistic flavor. The purpose of this workshop was to explored these new perspectives, to reach out to other areas concerned with high-dimensional problems, and to bring together researchers having different angles on high-dimensional phenomena.
Marcus Aurelius : family, dynasty, power
Creators: name: Jarvis, P
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis is a prosopographical examination of the policy of Marcus Aurelius regarding his family. The prosopographical method avoids schematic biography, and allows the inclusion of individuals who would otherwise only appear in a periphery sense. I aim to demonstrate that a new perspective on Marcus as an emperor can be gained through an examination of the individuals connected to the imperial nexus, most notably his six sons-in-law. The thesis is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 places Marcus in the context of his scheming family and the succession arrangements of Hadrian, who intended Lucius Verus to be his ultimate successor. Chapter 2, through detailed examination of Marcus' sons-in-law, establishes that Marcus admitted Lucius to the imperial power from necessity, and how he sought to build his own nexus by moving power away from Lucius and his many connections. Chapter 3 analyses how the rebellion of Avidius Cassius in 175 showed Marcus the potential weakness of his arrangements. The manner in which Marcus responded to the crisis reveals his determination to ensure the succession of Commodus. Marcus accomplished this by completing the construction of a powerful family nexus, which was centred on his sons-in-law. He should be seen not only as a philosopher but as a canny, dynastic, and ruthless emperor. This is established by the position of Marcus in Hadrian's succession arrangements, an examination of Marcus' sons-in-law and the manner in which they were selected, and the response of Marcus to the rebellion of Avidius Cassius.
Dirac Spectrum in Piecewise Constant One-Dimensional Potentials
Creators: name: Arovas, D. P.
name: Brey, L.
name: Fertig, H. A.
name: Kim, Eun-Ah
name: Ziegler, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electronic states of graphene in piecewise constant potentials using the continuum Dirac equation appropriate at low energies, and a transfer matrix method. For superlattice potentials, we identify patterns of induced Dirac points which are present throughout the band structure, and verify for the special case of a particle-hole symmetric potential their presence at zero energy. We also consider the cases of a single trench and a p-n junction embedded in neutral graphene, which are shown to support confined states. An analysis of conductance across these structures demonstrates that these confined states create quantum interference effects which evidence their presence.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures, additional references added
Applied Harmonic Analysis and Data Science (hybrid meeting)
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Zürich : EMS Publ. House
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: 510

description: Data science has become a field of major importance for science and technology nowadays and poses a large variety of challenging mathematical questions. The area of applied harmonic analysis has a significant impact on such problems by providing methodologies both for theoretical questions and for a wide range of applications in signal and image processing and machine learning. Building on the success of three previous workshops on applied harmonic analysis in 2012, 2015 and 2018, this workshop focused on several exciting novel directions such as mathematical theory of deep learning, but also reported progress on long-standing open problems in the field.
Restricted Oxygen‐Deficient Basins on the Northern European Epicontinental Shelf Across the Toarcian Carbon Isotope Excursion Interval
Creators: name: Wang, Yunfeng
name: Ossa, Frantz Ossa
name: Spangenberg, Jorge E.
name: Wille, Martin
name: Schoenberg, Ronny
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: The worldwide recognition of the Toarcian carbon isotope excursion (T‐CIE) in organic‐rich sedimentary rocks has been linked to an oceanic anoxic event (OAE) which implies the world's deep oceans were anoxic ∼183 Ma. The majority of independent redox observations used to build this argument were mainly obtained from T‐CIE organic‐rich sediments deposited on northern European epicontinental shelf. However, increasing evidence has shown that this shelf had limited connection with the open ocean, making it unsuitable for reconstructing the T‐CIE ocean redox structure. To unveil such controversy, we present integrated δ15Nbulk and δ15Nker from Dotternhausen profile, Germany, combined with literature data from other T‐CIE profiles. Both δ15Nbulk and δ15Nker values are predominantly between +0.3 and +2.5‰. These positive near‐zero δ15N values imply enhanced N2 fixation by cyanobacteria using molybdenum (Mo)‐based nitrogenase to compensate bioavailable N loss following quantitative denitrification and/or anammox in a strongly redox‐stratified marine setting. Such N isotope composition contradicts the typical sedimentary δ15N values (>3‰) induced by partial water‐column denitrification and/or anammox in modern‐ocean oxygen minimum zones. We rather propose the existence of local oxygen‐deficient basins on northern European epicontinental shelf where dissolved N underwent extensive denitrification and/or anammox causing bioavailable N deficiency. Mo‐based diazotrophy thus played a critical role in discriminating N isotope compositions among multiple hydrographically restricted T‐CIE marginal basins. Restricted oxygen‐depleted environments on the northern European epicontinental shelf unlikely represent the open‐ocean redox landscape. The existence of the global OAE thus needs comprehensive redox investigations on Tethys and/or Panthalassa deep‐sea T‐CIE successions to validate.
description: Key Points: Molybdenum‐based nitrogen fixation was prevalent in the northern European epicontinental shelf during the Toarcian carbon isotope excursion. Quantitative denitrification and/or anammox caused nitrogen famine in strongly redox‐stratified environments during the early Toarcian. Oxygen‐deficient basins on the northern European epicontinental shelf across the Toarcian carbon isotope excursion.
description: China Scholarship Council (CSC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004543
description: German Research Foundation
Farming in Tasmania, 1840-1914
Creators: name: Easteal, BV
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Tasmania's easily cleared land was limited, and after the mid-1830's, when such land could no longer be had to support soaring sheep numbers and to replace land exhausted by continual cropping, pasture damage became widespread and wheatgrowing viable only on larger holdings where pasture could be \rotated\" with cropped land. Settlers and capital thereafter by-passed Tasmania for the developing colonies and large numbers of able bodied men were drawn away. Purely pastoral districts stagnated as did most districts in the south as the south's long cropped wheatlands were limited and broken and only a limited respite was gained by the shift to the larger unit. In the north natural conditions favoured the combination of wheat and wool on the larger scale and mechanized farming and districts within paying distance from Launceston emerged as the colony's leading cash cropping districts. At the same time the cattle runs in the outlying districts were broken up into mixed farms many of which were tenanted. By 1880 however yields in the north were declining. Fallowing and the use of guano were now possible but were expensive in relation to the market price. Exports of wheat ceased some farmers abandoned cropping and many tenant farmers were forced to shift westward into the pioneer districts. The north like the south was unable to retain its population once further expansions was impossible and yields declined."
Mini-Workshop: (Anosov)$^3$ (hybrid meeting)
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Zürich : EMS Publ. House
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: 510

description: Three different active fields are subsumed under the keyword Anosov theory: Spectral theory of Anosov flows, dynamical rigidity of Anosov actions, and Anosov representations. In all three fields there have been dynamic developments and substantial breakthroughs in recent years. The mini-workshop brought together researchers from the three different communities and sparked a joint discussion of current ideas, common interests, and open problems.
Relationship between failure in beginning reading and certain developmental and environmental factors
Creators: name: Ennenberg, Margaret Dorothea
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The problem of this thesis was to explore the relationship between first grade reading failure and certain environmental and developmental factors, using the case study method. The subjects were sixteen boys and six girls from a Vancouver school in a poor neighborhood. They ranged in age from 7 years 1 month to 8 years 2 months, and in IQ from 73 to 113 according to the Pintner-Cunningham Primary Test (Form A). All had been taught by veteran primary teachers using the auditory-visual, basal reader method. Achievement was assessed on the basis of report card grades, a Pupil Rating Scale designed for this project, and the Durrell Analysis of Reading Difficulty. The etiological factors investigated were intelligence, visual perception, style of learning, self-concept and home environment. Eight students repeating grade I were matched with eight who had been regularly promoted to grade II. It was hypothesized that differences in reading achievement between the matched pairs would be accounted for by significant differences in one or more of the factors studied. Evaluative techniques included: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Raven Coloured Matrices, Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception, Mills' Learning Methods Test, and a 45-90 minute parent interview for each child. Twenty-two case studies were assembled, in which the beginning stages were noted of a variety of reading disabilities - maturational lag, linguistic handicap, cultural deprivation, inadequate motivation, emotional disturbance, faulty reading habits. The major findings were: 1) The Pintner-Cunningham Primary Test appear to assess inaccurately the functioning intelligence of 10/22 children in this sample. Six of these pupils were successful readers with defects of visual perception revealed by the Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception, sub-tests II, III and IV. 2) The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test had a high correlation with reading success, and did not appear to discriminate against the ten children who came from bilingual or Canadian Indian homes. 3) Anomalies of biological endowment characterized 9/l4 unsuccessful readers - organic defect, slow development, premature birth, hypo- or hyper-activity - although only one was mentally retarded. It) The aspects of home environment basic to reading success in grade I appeared to be parental literacy, standards of behavior adjusted to the child's capacity, reasonable methods of discipline, and a warm relationship between the child and at least one parent. 5) Lack of flexibility in methods of teaching reading were seen as contributing to the high failure rate. For 12/14 pupils, the only solution offered for a wide variety of beginning reading problems was a second year in grade I, with no adjustment of curriculum.
Lobbying for International Free Trade Agreements: A Comprehensive Study of Effective Advocacy Tactics Applied during USMCA Negotiations
Creators: name: Kirby, Kira
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Lobbying
subject: Free Trade
subject: USMCA
subject: NAFTA
subject: Advocacy
subject: Government
subject: Politics
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This thesis examines the role of lobbying as a profession in the United States, as seen through advocacy efforts for and against the United States Mexico Canada Agreement (USMCA), an agreement which initially started as a very controversial piece of legislation and ultimately passed with significant bipartisan support. The thesis aims to answer one overarching question: what were the most effective lobbying tactics applied during the USMCA free trade agreement? Through an in-depth analyses of vocational lobbying, ethical and legal guidelines for lobbying rules of conduct, Americaâ€™s tumultuous relationship with free trade, a USMCA case study, along with interviews with career lobbyists, business professionals, and congressional staffers, this thesis generates insight into lobbying efforts pertaining to the USMCA. Evaluating the controversial vocation of federal lobbying as applied during the USMCA negotiations can unearth a more nuanced finding of the role lobbying for international trade agreements plays in the contemporary United States.
Distribution of Temperature and Strength in the Central Andean Lithosphere and Its Relationship to Seismicity and Active Deformation
Creators: name: Ibarra, F.
name: Prezzi, C. B.
name: Bott, J.
name: Scheck‐Wenderoth, M.
name: Strecker, M. R.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2021

description: We present three‐dimensional (3D) models of the present‐day steady‐state conductive thermal field and strength distribution in the lithosphere beneath the Central Andes. Our primary objective was to investigate the influence that the structure of the Central Andean lithosphere has on its thermal and rheological state, and the relationship between the latter and the active deformation in the region. We used our previous data‐driven and gravity‐constrained 3D density model as starting point for the calculations. We first assigned lithology‐derived thermal and rheological properties to the different divisions of the density model and defined temperature boundary conditions. We then calculated the 3D steady‐state conductive thermal field and the maximum differential stresses for both brittle and ductile behaviors. We find that the thickness and composition of the crust are the main factors affecting the modeled thermal field, and consequently also the strength distribution. The orogen is characterized by a thick felsic crust with elevated temperatures and a low integrated strength, whereas the foreland and forearc are underlain by a more mafic and thinner crust with lower temperatures and a higher integrated strength. We find that most of the intraplate deformation coincides spatially with the steepest strength gradients and suggest that the high potential energy of the orogen together with the presence of rheological lateral heterogeneities produce high compressional stresses and strong strain localization along the margins of the orogen. We interpret earthquakes within the modeled ductile field to be related to the weakening effect of long‐lived faults and/or the presence of seismic asperities.
description: Key Points: The thermal and rheological state of the Central Andean lithosphere is mainly controlled by the thickness and composition of the crust. Active intraplate deformation is located along the margins of the orogen and spatially coincides with the highest strength gradients. Earthquakes below the modeled brittle‐ductile transition suggest a possible weakening of the lithosphere by long‐lived deep‐seated faults.
description: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002923
description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
Probing the 2-D kinematic structure of early-type galaxies out to 3 effective radii
Creators: name: Proctor, Robert N.
name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Romanowsky, Aaron J.
name: Brodie, Jean P.
name: Strader, Jay
name: Spolaor, Max
name: Mendel, J. Trevor
name: Spitler, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We detail an innovative new technique for measuring the 2-D velocity moments (rotation velocity, velocity dispersion and Gauss-Hermite coefficients h$_3$ and h$_4$) of the stellar populations of galaxy halos using spectra from Keck DEIMOS multi-object spectroscopic observations. The data are used to reconstruct 2-D rotation velocity maps. Here we present data for five nearby early-type galaxies to ~3 effective radii. We provide significant insights into the global kinematic structure of these galaxies, and challenge the accepted morphological classification in several cases. We show that between 1-3 effective radii the velocity dispersion declines very slowly, if at all, in all five galaxies. For the two galaxies with velocity dispersion profiles available from planetary nebulae data we find very good agreement with our stellar profiles. We find a variety of rotation profiles beyond 1 effective radius, i.e rotation speed remaining constant, decreasing \emph{and} increasing with radius. These results are of particular importance to studies which attempt to classify galaxies by their kinematic structure within one effective radius, such as the recent definition of fast- and slow- rotator classes by the SAURON project. Our data suggests that the rotator class may change when larger galacto-centric radii are probed. This has important implications for dynamical modeling of early-type galaxies. The data from this study are available on-line.
description: 20 pages, 22 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Mini-Workshop: Scattering Amplitudes, Cluster Algebras, and Positive Geometries (hybrid meeting)
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Zürich : EMS Publ. House
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: 510

description: Cluster algebras were developed by Fomin and Zelevinsky about twenty years ago. While the initial motivation came from within algebra (total positivity, canonical bases), it quickly became clear that cluster algebras possess deep links to a host of other subjects in mathematics and physics. In a separate vein, starting about ten years ago, Arkani-Hamed and his collaborators began a program of reformulating the bases of quantum field theory, motivated by a desire to discover the basic rules of quantum mechanics and spacetime as arising from deeper mathematical principles. Their approach to the fundamental problem of particle scattering amplitudes entails encoding the solution in geometrical objects, "positive geometries'' and "amplituhedra''. Surprisingly, cluster algebras have been found to be tightly woven into the mathematics needed to describe these geometries. The purpose of this workshop is to explore the various connections between cluster algebras, scattering amplitudes, and positive geometries.
Non-formally integrable centers admitting an algebraic inverse integrating factor
Creators: name: Algaba, A.
name: Fuentes, N.
name: Garcia, C.
name: Reyes, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.2.2; I.2.7
subject: 14J60 (Primary) 14F05, 14J26 (Secondary)

description: Westudy the existence of a class of inverse integrating factor for a family of non formally integrable systems, in general, whose lowest-degree quasi-homogeneous
 term is a Hamiltonian vector field. Once the existence of an inverse integrat ing factor is established, we characterize the systems having a center. Among others, we characterize the centers of the systems whose lowest-degree quasiho mogeneous term is (-y3,x3)T with an algebraic inverse integrating factor.
 Keywords: Nonlinear differential systems, Inverse integrating factor, Integrability problem, Degenerate center problem
description: 18 pages
Scattering into the fifth dimension of N=4 super Yang-Mills
Creators: name: Alday, Luis F.
name: Henn, Johannes M.
name: Plefka, Jan
name: Schuster, Theodor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an alternative to dimensional regularisation of planar scattering amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory by going to the Coulomb phase of the theory. The infrared divergences are regulated by masses obtained from a Higgs mechanism, allowing us to work in four dimensions. The corresponding string theory set-up suggests that the amplitudes have an exact dual conformal symmetry. The latter acts on the kinematical variables of the amplitudes as well as on the Higgs masses in an effectively five dimensional space. We confirm this expectation by an explicit calculation in the gauge theory. A consequence of this exact dual conformal symmetry is a significantly reduced set of scalar basis integrals that are allowed to appear in an amplitude. For example, triangle sub-graphs are ruled out. We argue that the study of exponentiation of amplitudes is simpler in the Higgsed theory because evanescent terms in the mass regulator can be consistently dropped. We illustrate this by showing the exponentiation of a four-point amplitude to two loops. Finally, we also analytically compute the small mass expansion of a two-loop master integral with an internal mass.
description: 35 pages, many figures. v2: typos and references fixed. v3: minor changes, version to be published in JHEP
Mini-Workshop: Variable Curvature Bounds, Analysis and Topology on Dirichlet Spaces (hybrid meeting)
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Zürich : EMS Publ. House
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: 510

description: A Dirichlet form $\mathcal{E}$ is a densely defined bilinear form on a Hilbert space of the form $L^2(X,\mu)$, subject to some additional properties, which make sure that $\mathcal{E}$ can be considered as a natural abstraction of the usual Dirichlet energy $\mathcal{E}(f_1,f_2)=\int_D (\nabla f_1,\nabla f_2) $ on a domain $D$ in $\mathbb{R}^m$. The main strength of this theory, however, is that it allows also to treat nonlocal situations such as energy forms on graphs simultaneously. In typical applications, $X$ is a metrizable space, and the theory of Dirichlet forms makes it possible to define notions such as curvature bounds on $X$ (although $X$ need not be a Riemannian manifold), and also to obtain topological information on $X$ in terms of such geometric information.
Additional file 1 of Impact of family functioning on mental health problems of college students in China during COVID-19 pandemic and moderating role of coping style: a longitudinal study
Creators: name: Liu, Lili
name: Chen, Jianbin
name: Liang, Shunwei
name: Yang, Wenwen
name: Peng, Xiaodan
name: Cai, Chengcheng
name: Huang, Andi
name: Wang, Xiayong
name: Zhao, Jingbo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1 Table S1. Pairwise comparisons of MHP incidence rates at different time point (%). Table S2. Pairwise comparisons of MHP incidence rates of different FF at different time point (%).Table S3. Pairwise comparisons of MHP incidence rates of different FF with different coping style at different time point (%). Supplemental file of Impact of family functioning on mental health problems of college students in China during COVID-19 pandemic and moderating role of coping style: a longitudinal study.
Anisotropic magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic atomic-sized metal contacts
Creators: name: Häfner, M.
name: Viljas, J. K.
name: Cuevas, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments in ferromagnetic atomic-sized contacts have shown that the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) is greatly enhanced and has an asymmetric angular dependence as compared with that of bulk samples. The origin of these effects is still under debate. In this work we present a theoretical analysis of the AMR in atomic contacts of the 3d ferromagnetic materials. Our results strongly suggest that the anomalous AMR stems from the reduced symmetry of the atomic contact geometries. We also present calculations supporting the idea that the pronounced voltage- and temperature dependence in some experiments can be attributed to impurities near the constrictions.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures