cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Field-Theoretic Approach to Connes' Gauge Theory on $M_4\times Z_2$
Creators: name: Kase, Hiromi
name: Morita, Katsusada
name: Okumura, Yoshitaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Connes' gauge theory on $M_4\times Z_2$ is reformulated in the Lagrangian level. It is pointed out that the field strength in Connes' gauge theory is not unique. We explicitly construct a field strength different from Connes' one and prove that our definition leads to the generation-number independent Higgs potential. It is also shown that the nonuniqueness is related to the assumption that two different extensions of the differential geometry are possible when the extra one-form basis $χ$ is introduced to define the differential geometry on $M_4\times Z_2$. Our reformulation is applied to the standard model based on Connes' color-flavor algebra. A connection between the unimodularity condition and the electric charge quantization is then discussed in the presence or absence of $ν_R$.
description: LaTeX file, 16 pages
Der Energie- und Wasserhaushalt von Böden und ihre klimatische Bedeutung
Creators: name: Foken, Thomas
name: Huwe, Bernd
name: Arneth, Almut
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: Energy and water balance of soils, climatological significance, interactions atmosphere-vegetated and non-vegetated soil, changes in land cover affect. affect local and regional climate.

description: Der Beitrag beschreibt die physikalischen Grundlagen der Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Atmosphäre und dem bewachsenen und unbewachsenen Boden. Es wird dabei auf den Energieaustausch an der Oberfläche und den Wassertransport im Boden eingegangen. Anhand von Zahlenmaterial und einfachen Schemata wird gezeigt, wie Veränderungen der Landbedeckung sich auf das lokale und gegebenenfalls regionale Klima auswirken. The energy and water balance of soils and their climatological significance: The article describes the physical fundamentals of the interactions between the atmosphere and the vegetated and non-vegetated soil. Energy exchange at the surface and water transport in soil are discussed. Numerical data and simple diagrams are used to show how changes in land cover affect local and, where appropriate, regional climate. El balance energético y hídrico de los suelos y su importancia climatológica: El artículo describe los principios físicos de las interacciones entre la atmósfera y el suelo con y sin vegetación. Se discuten el intercambio de energía en la superficie y el transporte de agua en el suelo. Se utilizan datos numérico y diagramas simples, para mostrar cómo los cambios en la cobertura del suelo afectan el clima local y posiblemente regional
title: ArgumenText: Entscheidungsunterstützung durch die automatische Extraktion von Argumenten aus großen Textquellen (Schlussbericht)
Creators: name: Gurevych, Iryna
name: Daxenberger, Johannes
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2021

description: Alle relevanten Gründe für eine Entscheidung zu berücksichtigen ist aufgrund der vorherrschenden Informationsflut u.a. im Internet zunehmend schwieriger. Existierende Technologien wie Suchmaschinen unterstützen den Entscheidungsprozess zwar, die relevanten Argumente in den Dokumenten gehen dabei aber verloren. Das Validierungsprojekt ArgumenText hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, mittels automatischer Extraktion von Argumenten aus großen Textquellen Entscheidungen oder Wissensgenerierungsprozesse effektiv und effizient zu unterstützen. Dabei konnte auf Methoden zur Argumentextraktion aus vorangegangener Grundlagenforschung, die Behauptungen und Begründungen in einzelnen Textdokumenten erkennen, zurückgegriffen werden. Im Rahmen der VIP+ Validierungsförderung stand insbesondere die Erarbeitung einer vielversprechenden Verwertungsstrategie im Vordergrund. Entsprechend war das ArgumenText Arbeitsprogramm und Projektmanagement ausgerichtet auf die Definition von Anwendungsfällen, in denen eine Methodenadaption und Evaluation der Technologie stattfand. Inhaltlich wurden insbesondere Durchbrüche erzielt bei der Argumentextraktion aus heterogenen Textquellen (es wurde ein flexibles Schema geschaffen, das Pro- und Kontra-Argumente immer mit Bezug auf ein gegebenes Thema definiert) sowie der Argumentextraktion aus massiv großen Datenbeständen (es wurde ein zweistufiges Verfahren geschaffen, welches in Echtzeit zunächst Dokumente nach Relevanz zum Thema und dann innerhalb dieser Dokumente nach passenden Argumenten sucht). Außerdem wurde ein Verfahren zur Argumentgruppierung anhand argumentativer Aspekte entwickelt. Im Rahmen der Validierung wurde der Anwendungsfall Journalismus aufgrund mangelnder Verwertungschancen zugunsten des Anwendungsfall Kaufentscheidung verworfen. Letzterer wurde, getrieben durch die Ergebnisse der Evaluationsstudien, Marktanalysen und rechtlichen Gutachten unterteilt in die Fälle Innovations- und Technologiebewertung sowie Kundenfeedbackanalyse. Zur wirtschaftlichen Verwertung konnte im Rahmen des EXIST Programms des BMWi erfolgreich eine Anschlussfinanzierung für eine Unternehmensgründung eingeworben werden.
A 95 GHz Methanol Emission Survey Toward Eight Small Supernova Remnants
Creators: name: Li, Yingjie
name: Xu, Ye
name: Chen, Xi
name: Lu, Deng-Rong
name: Sun, Yan
name: Du, Xinyu
name: Shen, Zhi-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a 95 GHz ($8_0-7_1$ A$^{+}$) methanol (CH$_3$OH) emission survey with the Purple Mountain Observatory Delingha 13.7 m telescope. Eight supernova remnants (SNRs) with angular size $\lesssim$ 10' were observed, but emission was only detected in three SNRs near the Galactic center (Sgr A East, G 0.1-0.1, and G 359.92-0.09). CH$_3$OH emission mainly surrounds the SNRs and can be decomposed into nine spatial peaks with velocity range of eight peaks being (-30, 70) km s$^{-1}$, and the other (70, 120) km s$^{-1}$. They are probably excited by interaction with these SNRs and adjacent molecular gas in the central molecular zone (CMZ), although star formation may play an important role in exciting CH$_3$OH emission in some regions of CMZ. We infer that tidal action is unlikely to be an excitation source for CH$_3$OH emission.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted by RAA
Bounding the ground-state energy of a many-body system with the differential method
Creators: name: Mouchet, Amaury
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper promotes the differential method as a new fruitful strategy for estimating a ground-state energy of a many-body system. The case of an arbitrary number of attractive Coulombian particles is specifically studied and we make some favorable comparison of the differential method to the existing approaches that rely on variational principles. A bird's-eye view of the treatment of more general interactions is also given.
description: version 1->2 (main revisions): subsection 2.2, equation (18), footnote 6 have been added
An Overview of NLP in ALICE-chan
Creators: name: Evans, David A.(David Andreoff)
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Abstract: "The ALICE-chan project at CMU has developed a language-training environment for Japanese that uses natural-language processing (NLP) as a basis both for assisting instructors in preparing exercises and for evaluating student responses to exercises. This paper presentsan overview of the main components of ALICE-chan: the authoring and student interfaces and the natural language processing components."
Studies of multiple stellar systems - III. Modulation of orbital elements in the triple-lined system HD 109648
Creators: name: Jha, Saurabh
name: Torres, Guillermo
name: Stefanik, Robert P.
name: Latham, David W.
name: Mazeh, Tsevi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The triple-lined spectroscopic triple system HD 109648 has one of the shortest periods known for the outer orbit in a late-type triple, 120.5 days, and the ratio between the periods of the outer and inner orbits is small, 22:1. With such extreme values, this system should show orbital element variations over a timescale of about a decade. We have monitored the radial velocities of HD 109648 with the CfA Digital Speedometers for eight years, and have found evidence for modulation of some orbital elements. While we see no definite evidence for modulation of the inner binary eccentricity, we clearly observe variations in the inner and outer longitudes of periastron, as well as in the radial velocity amplitudes of the three components. The observational results, combined with numerical simulations, allow us to put constraints on the orientation of the orbits.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRAS
An Ordinal Analysis of Admissible Set Theory Using Recursion on Ordinal Notations
Creators: name: Avigad, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: The notion of a function from ℕ to ℕ defined by recursion on ordinal notations is fundamental in proof theory. Here this notion is generalized to functions on the universe of sets, using notations for well orderings longer than the class of ordinals. The generalization is used to bound the rate of growth of any function on the universe of sets that is Σ1-definable in Kripke–Platek admissible set theory with an axiom of infinity. Formalizing the argument provides an ordinal analysis.
Gating-by-tilt of mechanosensitive membrane channels
Creators: name: Turner, Matthew S.
name: Sens, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We propose an alternative mechanism for the gating of biological membrane channels in response to membrane tension that involves a change in the slope of the membrane near the channel. Under biological membrane tensions we show that the energy difference between the closed (tilted) and open (untilted) states can far exceed kBT and is comparable to what is available under simple ilational gating. Recent experiments demonstrate that membrane leaflet asymmetries (spontaneous curvature) can strong effect the gating of some channels. Such a phenomenon would be more easy to explain under gating-by-tilt, given its novel intrinsic sensitivity to such asymmetry.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
title: ADCO, Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503) (11 H 1173), f. 00317
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: comptes

description: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173), f. 00317, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
CaosDB - Research Data Management for Complex, Changing, and Automated Research Workflows
Creators: name: Fitschen, Timm
name: Schlemmer, Alexander
name: Hornung, Daniel
name: Wörden, Henrik tom
name: Parlitz, Ulrich
name: Luther, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Here we present CaosDB, a Research Data Management System (RDMS) designed to ensure seamless integration of inhomogeneous data sources and repositories of legacy data. Its primary purpose is the management of data from biomedical sciences, both from simulations and experiments during the complete research data lifecycle. An RDMS for this domain faces particular challenges: Research data arise in huge amounts, from a wide variety of sources, and traverse a highly branched path of further processing. To be accepted by its users, an RDMS must be built around workflows of the scientists and practices and thus support changes in workflow and data structure. Nevertheless it should encourage and support the development and observation of standards and furthermore facilitate the automation of data acquisition and processing with specialized software. The storage data model of an RDMS must reflect these complexities with appropriate semantics and ontologies while offering simple methods for finding, retrieving, and understanding relevant data. We show how CaosDB responds to these challenges and give an overview of the CaosDB Server, its data model and its easy-to-learn CaosDB Query Language. We briefly discuss the status of the implementation, how we currently use CaosDB, and how we plan to use and extend it.
Generalized Gauge Theories and Weinberg-Salam Model with Dirac-Kähler Fermions
Creators: name: Kawamoto, Noboru
name: Tsukioka, Takuya
name: Umetsu, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend previously proposed generalized gauge theory formulation of Chern-Simons type and topological Yang-Mills type actions into Yang-Mills type actions. We formulate gauge fields and Dirac-Kähler matter fermions by all degrees of differential forms. The simplest version of the model which includes only zero and one form gauge fields accommodated with the graded Lie algebra of $SU(2|1)$ supergroup leads Weinberg-Salam model. Thus the Weinberg-Salam model formulated by noncommutative geometry is a particular example of the present formulation.
description: 33 pages, LaTeX
An exactly solvable limit of low energy QCD
Creators: name: Hess, Peter O.
name: Szczepaniak, Adam P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the QCD Hamiltonian, we derive a schematic Hamiltonian for low energy quark dynamics with quarks restricted to the lowest s-level. The resulting eigenvalue problem can be solved analytically. Even though the Hamiltonian exhibits explicit chiral symmetry the severe restriction of the number of degrees of freedom breaks the pattern of chiral symmetry breaking for finite quark masses.
description: 7 pages
Ökosystemleistungen des Bodens
Creators: name: Bogner, Christina
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ecosystem services, large-scale erosion, biomass production, provision of construction material, human well-beeing.

description: Die Nutzung der Böden durch den Menschen hat eine lange Geschichte. Manchmal führte eine schicksalhafte Unkenntnis der Böden zu großen Katastrophen wie z.B. der flächenhaften Bodenerosion “Dust Bowl” in den USA der 1930er Jahre. Böden haben zahlreiche Funktionen, wie z.B. Produktion von Biomasse oder Bereitstellung von Baumaterialien. Diese Funktionen sind die Basis für Ökosystemleistungen der Böden. Als Ökosy-
 stemleistungen bezeichnen wir ganz allgeimein den Nutzen, den die Menschen von Ökosystemen erhalten. Böden sind fundamental in die Bereitstellung von Ökosystemleistungen eingebunden. Sind die Bodenfunktionen intakt, können Böden die notwendigen Ökosystemleistungen zur Verfügung stellen, die für das menschliche Wohlergehen unabdingbar sind. Soil ecosystem services: Humans have been using soils for millennia. Misunderstanding and mismanagement shaped this relationship and led sometimes to disastrous consequences like the large-scale erosion in the “Dust Bowl” in the 1930ies in the US. Soils fulfill different functions like biomass production or provision of construction material. These functions underpin soil ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are the benefits,
 people obtain from ecosystems. Soils are deeply involved in the provisioning of ecosystem services. Only soils with intact functions can provide the ecosystem services which are cruicial for human well-beeing. Servicios de los ecosistemas del suelo: El uso de los suelos por los seres humanos tiene una larga historia. A veces, una fatídica falta de conocimiento sobre el suelo condujo a grandes desastres como la extensa erosión del suelo "Dust Bowl" en los Estados Unidos en la década de 1930. Los suelos tienen numerosas funciones, como la producción de biomasa o el suministro de materiales de construcción. Estas funciones son la base de los servicios ecosistémicos en los suelos. Como servicios de los ecosistemas, generalmente nos referimos a los beneficios que las personas reciben de los ecosistemas. Los suelos están involucrados fundamentalmente en la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. Si las funciones del suelo están intactas, los suelos pueden proporcionar los servicios ecosistémicos necesarios que son esenciales para el bienestar humano.
Extreme Fluctuations in Small-Worlds with Relaxational Dynamics
Creators: name: Guclu, H.
name: Korniss, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the distribution and scaling of the extreme height fluctuations for Edwards-Wilkinson-type relaxation on small-world substrates. When random links are added to a one-dimensional lattice, the average size of the fluctuations becomes finite (synchronized state) and the extreme height diverges only logarithmically in the large system-size limit. This latter property ensures synchronization in a practical sense in small-world coupled multi-component autonomous systems. The statistics of the extreme heights is governed by the Fisher-Tippett-Gumbel distribution.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Vorindustrielle Landnutzungsänderungen in Europa
Creators: name: Meier, Dirk
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: Pre-industrial land uses, medieval land use, early modern land use, Land use intensified.

description: Bezüglich ihrer Auswirkungen auf das Klima werden die prähistorische, mittelalterliche und frühneuzeitliche Landnutzung in Europa zwischen 5000 v. Chr. und 1850 betrachtet. Die Landnutzung intensivierte sich vor allem seit dem Hochmittelalter. Fraglich ist, ob diese das globale Klima beeinflusste oder ob nicht natürliche Faktoren wie die Intensität der Sonne oder Vulkanausbrüche vor 1850 maßgeblicher waren. Pre-industrial land uses in Europe: Regarding their effects on the climate, the prehistoric, medieval and early modern land use in Europe between 5000 BC and 1850 is considered. Land use intensified especially since the High Middle Ages. The question is whether this influenced the climate or whether natural factors such as the intensity of the sun or volcanic eruptions before 1850 were more decisive. Usos preindustriales de la tierra en Europa: En cuanto a sus efectos sobre el clima, se considera el uso prehistórico, medieval y moderno temprano de la tierra en Europa, entre 5000 aC y 1850. El uso de la tierra se intensificó especialmente desde la Alta Edad Media. La pregunta es si esto influyó en el clima o si factores naturales como la intensidad del sol o las erupciones volcánicas anteriores a 1850 fueron más decisivos.
title: Analytical Modeling of the Postcracking Response Observed in Hybrid Steel/Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Creators: name: Caggiano, Antonio
name: Pepe, Marco
name: Xargay, Hernan
name: Martinelli, Enzo
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021

description: This study deals with the analytical modeling of hybrid fiber-reinforced concretes (HyFRCs) made with a blend of different types of fibers characterized by different geometries and/or constitutive materials. The presented analytical formulation is oriented towards predicting the postcracking behavior of HyFRC and is mainly based on the well-known "cracked-hinge" model originally employed for standard fiber-reinforced concrete beams. The proposed model is validated by considering the experimental results obtained in a previous study carried out on HyFRCs mixtures made with a blend of steel and polypropylene fibers. Theoretical results are presented to demonstrate the predictive capabilities of the model to simulate the observed experimental behavior. The model performance is in very good agreement with the experimental data. Therefore, it has the capability to forecast the postcracking behavior of a generic HyFRC of given fiber contents depending on the actual proportion of the fiber blend. Finally, the proposed formulation can be applied as a computational aid to the design of HyFRC mixtures for structural purposes.
Gravitational dressing of D-instantons
Creators: name: Ketov, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-perturbative corrections to the universal hypermultiplet moduli space metric in the type-IIA superstring compactification on a Calabi-Yau threefold are investigated in the presence of 4d, N=2 supergravity. These corrections come from multiple wrapping of the BPS (Euclidean) D2-branes around certain (BPS) Calabi-Yau 3-cycles, and they are known as the D-instantons. The exact universal hypermultiplet metric is governed by a quaternionic potential that satisfies the SU(\infty) Toda equation. The mechanism is proposed, which elevates any four-dimensional hyper-K"ahler metric with a rotational isometry to the quaternionic metric of the same dimension. A generic separable solution to the Toda equation appears to be related to the Eguchi-Hanson metric, whereas another solution originating from the Atiyah-Hitchin metric describes the gravitationally dressed (mixed) D-instantons.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX; small text improvements
Strange-quark contribution to the ratio of neutral- to charged-current cross sections in neutrino-nucleus scattering
Creators: name: van der Ventel, B. I. S.
name: Piekarewicz, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A formalism based on a relativistic plane wave impulse approximation is developed to investigate the strange-quark content ($g_{A}^{s}$) of the axial-vector form factor of the nucleon via neutrino-nucleus scattering. Nuclear structure effects are incorporated via an accurately calibrated relativistic mean-field model. The ratio of neutral- to charged-current cross sections is used to examine the sensitivity of this observable to $g_{A}^{s}$. For values of the incident neutrino energy in the range proposed by the FINeSSE collaboration and by adopting a value of $g_{A}^{s}=-0.19$, a 30% enhancement in the ratio is observed relative to the $g_{A}^{s}=0$ result.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, Revtex, Submitted to Phys. Rev. C
The Radiative Stress Tensor
Creators: name: Chen, Xinzhong
name: Spiegel, Edward A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the transfer equation in relativistic form to develop an expansion of the one-photon distribution for a medium with constant photon mean free path, $ε$. The resulting radiative viscosity tensor may be expressed either as a simple integral operator acting on the Thomas stress tensor or as the solution of an inhomogenous, linear partial differential equation. The expression obtained for the radiative viscosity tensor applies for media with long, as well as short, photon mean free paths. We also develop results applicable for relatively smooth flows by using the form of the Thomas stress tensor with generalized transport coefficients derived by the application of a suitable operator to the bare Thomas coefficients.
description: 32 pages, accepted to ApJ
Spin models with random anisotropy and reflection symmetry
Creators: name: Calabrese, Pasquale
name: Pelissetto, Andrea
name: Vicari, Ettore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the critical behavior of a general class of cubic-symmetric spin systems in which disorder preserves the reflection symmetry $s_a\to -s_a$, $s_b\to s_b$ for $b\not= a$. This includes spin models in the presence of random cubic-symmetric anisotropy with probability distribution vanishing outside the lattice axes. Using nonperturbative arguments we show the existence of a stable fixed point corresponding to the random-exchange Ising universality class. The field-theoretical renormalization-group flow is investigated in the framework of a fixed-dimension expansion in powers of appropriate quartic couplings, computing the corresponding $β$-functions to five loops. This analysis shows that the random Ising fixed point is the only stable fixed point that is accessible from the relevant parameter region. Therefore, if the system undergoes a continuous transition, it belongs to the random-exchange Ising universality class. The approach to the asymptotic critical behavior is controlled by scaling corrections with exponent $Δ= - α_r$, where $α_r\simeq -0.05$ is the specific-heat exponent of the random-exchange Ising model.
description: 28 pages, 1 fig
An Experimental Comparison of Alternative Proof Construction Environments
Creators: name: Scheines, Richard
name: Sieg, Wilfried
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Richard Scheines and Wilfred Sieg. An Experimental Comparison of Alternative Proof Construction Environments.
Wilson loops in strongly coupled noncommutative gauge theories
Creators: name: Dhar, A.
name: Kitazawa, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss Wilson loop averages in 4-dimensional non-commutative superYang-Mills theory using the dual supergravity description. We postulate that the Wilson loops are located at the mimimum length scale $R$ in the fifth radial coordinate. We find that they exhibit a crossover from Coulomb type of behaviour for large loops, for which non-commutativity is unimportant, to area law for small loops, for which non-commutativity effects are large. The string tension, which can be read off from the area law, is controlled by the non-commutativity scale. The crossover itself, however, appears to involve loops of size of order $R$ which is much larger than the non-commutativity scale. The existence of the area law in non-commutative super Yang-Mills theory which persists up to a large crossover length scale provides further evidence for connection to an underlying string theory.
description: 18 pages, Revised version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Zunehmende Trockenphasen und Waldbrände an der südlichen Taigagrenze und in der Waldsteppe in der zentralen Mongolei
Creators: name: Klinge, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: Siberian boreal forests, fragmented forests, fragmented forests, steppe, zonal ecotone, forest-steppe, arid regions Mongolia, water supply

description: Die borealen Wälder Sibiriens werden generell nach Süden hin zu den zentralasiatischen Trockengebieten durch die Abnahme der Niederschläge begrenzt. Im Zono-Ökoton der Waldsteppe wird das kleinräumige Vegetationsmuster zwischen inselhaften Waldbeständen und Steppen durch standortklimatische Gunstfaktoren gesteuert. Hierbei haben Waldbrände und diskontinuierlicher Permafrost einen besonderen ökologischen
 Einfluss auf die Vitalität der Wälder. Das sensible Zusammenspiel zwischen diesen Faktoren wird durch die globale Klimaerwärmung gestört und führt langfristig zum Rückzug der Wälder, die eine besondere Rolle für die Wasserversorgung in den ariden Regionen der Mongolei spielen. Increasing dry periods and forest fires on the southern taiga border and in the forest steppe in central Mongolia: The southern limit of the Siberian boreal forests at the fringe to the drylands of Central Asia is generally determined by the decrease of precipitation. The small-scale vegetation pattern of fragmented forests and steppe at the zonal ecotone of the forest-steppe is controlled by favouring climatic site conditions. In particular, forest fires and permafrost have a specific ecological function for the vitality of forests. Global warming is disturbing the sensible arrangement between these factors, which will lead to a reduction of forested area; those forests play an important role for the water supply in arid regions of Mongolia. Aumento de los períodos de sequía y los incendios forestales en la frontera sur de la taiga y en la estepa forestal del centro de Mongolia: Los bosques boreales de Siberia generalmente limitan al sur con las regiones áridas de Asia central caracterizadas por la disminución en las precipitaciones. En el ecotono zonal de la estepa forestal, el patrón de vegetación a pequeña escala entre los bosques insulares y las estepas está controlado por factores climáticos favorables. Los incendios forestales y el permafrost discontinuo tienen una influencia ecológica particular sobre la vitalidad de los bosques. La sensible interacción entre estos factores se ve perturbada por el calentamiento global y conduce a largo plazo al retroceso de los bosques, que desempeñan un papel especial en el suministro de agua en las regiones áridas de Mongolia.
Coherent Theta^+ and Lambda(1520) photoproduction off the deuteron
Creators: name: Titov, A. I.
name: Kampfer, B.
name: Daté, S.
name: Ohashi, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze an effect of the coherent $Θ^+Λ(1520)$ photoproduction in $γD$ interaction near the threshold. We demonstrate that the coherence effect becomes manifest in a comparison of the $nK^+$ invariant mass distribution when the $pK^-$ invariant equals the $Λ(1520)$ mass. Our model calculations indicate a sizeable contribution of resonant and non-resonant background processes in the $γD\to np K^+K^-$ reaction which generally exceed the contribution of the coherent resonant channel. However, we find that the coherent $Θ^+Λ(1520)$ photoproduction is enhanced relative to the background processes in the forward hemisphere of the $pK^-$ pair photoproduction. Moreover, the coherence effect does not depend on the $Θ^+$ photoproduction amplitude and is defined by the probabilities of the $Λ(1520)$ photoproduction and the $Θ^+\to NK$ transition. Therefore, this coherence effect may be used as an independent method for studying the mechanism of $Θ^+$ production and $Θ^+$ properties.
description: 34 pages, 22 figures
MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks
Creators: name: Sandler, Mark
name: Howard, Andrew
name: Zhu, Menglong
name: Zhmoginov, Andrey
name: Chen, Liang-Chieh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we describe a new mobile architecture, MobileNetV2, that improves the state of the art performance of mobile models on multiple tasks and benchmarks as well as across a spectrum of different model sizes. We also describe efficient ways of applying these mobile models to object detection in a novel framework we call SSDLite. Additionally, we demonstrate how to build mobile semantic segmentation models through a reduced form of DeepLabv3 which we call Mobile DeepLabv3. The MobileNetV2 architecture is based on an inverted residual structure where the input and output of the residual block are thin bottleneck layers opposite to traditional residual models which use expanded representations in the input an MobileNetV2 uses lightweight depthwise convolutions to filter features in the intermediate expansion layer. Additionally, we find that it is important to remove non-linearities in the narrow layers in order to maintain representational power. We demonstrate that this improves performance and provide an intuition that led to this design. Finally, our approach allows decoupling of the input/output domains from the expressiveness of the transformation, which provides a convenient framework for further analysis. We measure our performance on Imagenet classification, COCO object detection, VOC image segmentation. We evaluate the trade-offs between accuracy, and number of operations measured by multiply-adds (MAdd), as well as the number of parameters
An experimental comparison of alternative proof construction environments
Creators: name: Scheines, Richard
name: Sieg
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Abstract: "In this paper we compare computerized environments in which students complete proof construction exercises in formal logic. Afterbeing given a pretest for logical aptitude, three matched groups were presented identical course material on logic for approximately five weeks by a computer. During the treatment, all students were required to complete several hundred proof construction exercises. The three groups did the exercises and the midterm in different environments. The group with a more sophisticated interface performed better on the midterm. Nearly all the difference in performance showed up in the harder problems. In a follow up experiment in which flexible strategic problem solving help was added to the environment, performance improved slightly, but the data are inconclusive."
An Evaluation of Machine-Learning Methods for Predicting Pneumonia Mortality
Creators: name: Cooper, Gregory F.
name: Aliferis, Constantin F.
name: Ambrosino, Richard
name: Aronis, John
name: Buchanon, Bruce G.
name: Caruana, Richard
name: Fine, Michael J.
name: Glymour, Clark
name: Gordon, Geoffrey
name: Hanusa, Barbara H.
name: Janosky, Janine E.
name: Meek, Christopher
name: Mitchell, Tom
name: Richardson, Thomas
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: This paper describes the application of eight statistical and machine-learning methods to derive computer models for predicting mortality of hospital patients with pneumonia from their findings at initial presentation. The eight models were each constructed based on 9847 patient cases and they were each evaluated on 4352 additional cases. The primary evaluation metric was the error in predicted survival as a function of the fraction of patients predicted to survive. This metric is useful in assessing a model’s potential to assist a clinician in deciding whether to treat a given patient in the hospital or at home. We examined the error rates of the models when predicting that a given fraction of patients will survive. We examined survival fractions between 0.1 and 0.6. Over this range, each model’s predictive error rate was within 1% of the error rate of every other model. When predicting that approximately 30°K of the patients will survive, all the models have an error rate of less than 1.5%. The models are distinguished more by the number of variables and parameters that they contain than by their error rates; these differences suggest which models may be the most amenable to future implementation as paper-based guidelines.
Widely tunable optical parametric oscillation in a Kerr microresonator
Creators: name: Sayson, Noel Lito B.
name: Webb, Karen E.
name: Coen, Stéphane
name: Erkintalo, Miro
name: Murdoch, Stuart G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first experimental demonstration of widely-tunable parametric sideband generation in a Kerr microresonator. Specifically, by pumping a silica microsphere in the normal dispersion regime, we achieve the generation of phase-matched four-wave mixing sidebands at large frequency detunings from the pump. Thanks to the role of higher-order dispersion in enabling phase matching, small variations of the pump wavelength translate into very large and controllable changes in the wavelengths of the generated sidebands: we experimentally demonstrate over 720 nm of tunability using a low-power continuous-wave pump laser in the C-band. We also derive simple theoretical predictions for the phase-matched sideband frequencies, and discuss the predictions in light of the discrete cavity resonance frequencies. Our experimentally measured sideband wavelengths are in very good agreement with theoretical predictions obtained from our simple phase matching analysis.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Die grüne Sahara im frühen Holozän - 10.000 Jahre zwischen Weide und Wüste
Creators: name: Baumhauer, Roland
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: Green Sahara, early Holocene, between pasture - desert, hyperarid area, hunter-gatherer cultures, ecological changes, Sahelian savannah

description: Im größten hyperariden Raum der Erde wurden in den letzten Jahrzehnten besonders spektakuläre Hinweise und Zeugnisse für einen sehr jungen und tiefgreifenden Klima- und Landschaftswandel gefunden. Zahllose Befunde zeigen, dass die aktuelle Extremwüste einige Jahrtausende eine Großregion gewesen sein muss, in der sich Jäger und Sammler-Kulturen zu Pastoralnomaden und vielleicht sogar Ackerbauern entwickeln konnten. Die Rekonstruktion der Landschaftsentwicklung der letzten 10.000 Jahre in der Sahara zeigt landschaftsökologische Veränderungen, die einen Bogen spannen von der Wüste über eine kulturträchtige sahelische Savanne zurück zur hyperariden Wüste. The Green Sahara in early Holocene - 10,000 years between pasture and desert: In the largest hyperarid area on Earth, particularly spectacular evidence and testimonies for a very recent and profound climate and landscape change have been found in recent decades. Countless findings show that the current extreme desert must have been a supra-region for several millennia, in which hunter-gatherer cultures were able to develop
 into pastoral nomads and perhaps even arable farmers. The reconstruction of the landscape development of the last 10,000 years in the Sahara shows landscape-ecological changes that span an arc from the desert to a culturally rich Sahelian savannah back to the hyperarid desert.  El Sahara Verde al inicio del Holoceno - 10,000 años entre pastos y desierto: En las últimas décadas, se han encontrado indicios y evidencias particularmente espectaculares de un cambio climático y paisajístico muy reciente y de gran alcance en el área hiperárida más grande de la tierra. Innumerables hallazgos muestran que el desierto extremo actual debe haber sido una región muy grande durante varios milenios en la que las culturas de cazadores-recolectores pudieron convertirse en nómadas pastoriles y tal vez incluso en agricultores arados. La reconstrucción del desarrollo del paisaje de los últimos 10.000 años en el Sahara muestra cambios en el paisaje y la ecología que abarcan un arco desde el desierto a través de una sabana saheliana culturalmente rica hasta el desierto hiperárido.
Searches for light sterile neutrinos with multitrack displaced vertices
Creators: name: Cottin, Giovanna
name: Helo, Juan Carlos
name: Hirsch, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study discovery prospects for long-lived sterile neutrinos at the LHC with multitrack displaced vertices, with masses below the electroweak scale. We reinterpret current displaced vertex searches making use of publicly available, parametrized selection efficiencies for modeling the detector response to displaced vertices. We focus on production of right-handed $W_{R}$ bosons and neutrinos $N$ in a left-right symmetric model, and find poor sensitivity. After proposing a different trigger strategy (considering the prompt lepton accompanying the neutrino displaced vertex) and optimized cuts in the invariant mass and track multiplicity of the vertex, we find that the LHC with $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and 300 fb$^{-1}$ is able to probe sterile neutrino masses between $10\hspace{0.1cm}\mbox{GeV}
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. v2: added references, corrected typos, clarification on WR production in the abstract, extended arguments in the introduction, section 2 and section 3. Results unchanged. Version accepted for publication in PRD. v3 : New Figure 4, matches corrected version in PRD
An Algorithm for Fast Recovery of Sparse Causal Graphs
Creators: name: Spirtes, Peter
name: Glymour, Clark
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Peter Spirtes and Clark Glymour. An Algorithm for Fast Recovery of Sparse Causal Graphs.
Änderung der Landnutzung durch die europäische Eroberung Amerikas
Creators: name: Kasang, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: Change in land use, conquest of America, change in land cover, Indian population

description: Die Eroberung Amerikas im 16. Jahrhundert hat nicht nur zur Vernichtung des überwiegenden Teils der ursprünglichen Bevölkerung des Doppelkontinents geführt, sondern auch zu einer erheblichen Änderung der Landnutzung und Bodenbedeckung mit möglichen Folgen für das globale Klima. Die quantitative Abschätzung der beteiligten Prozesse konfrontiert die Forschung allerding mit kaum lösbaren Problemen, da
 verlässliche Daten über die ursprüngliche Bevölkerungszahl und landwirtschaftliche Nutzfläche sowie über die Dezimierung der indianischen Bevölkerung und die aufgegebene Agrarfläche weitgehend fehlen. Die Auffassung mancher Forscher, dass bereits mit der Eroberung Amerikas ein neues geologisches Zeitalter, das Anthropozän, begonnen habe, beruht daher auf einer unsicheren Datenbasis. Change in land use due to the European conquest of America: The conquest of America in the 16th century not only led to the elimination of the majority of the original population of the Americas, but also to a significant change in land use and land cover with possible consequences for the global climate. However, the quantitative assessment of the processes involved confronts researchers with almost unsolvable problems, since reliable data on the original population and agricultural area as well as on the decimation of the Indian population and the abandoned agricultural area are largely lacking. The opinion of some researchers that a new geological age began already with the conquest of America, called the Anthropocene, rests therefore on an uncertain database. Cambio en el uso de la tierra durante la conquista europea de América: La conquista de América en el siglo XVI no solo produjo la exterminación de gran parte de la población originaria de las Américas, sino también un cambio significativo en el uso y la cobertura del suelo, con posibles consecuencias para el clima global. Sin embargo, la evaluación cuantitativa de los procesos involucrados enfrenta a los investigadores con problemas difícilmente solucionables, ya que se carece en gran medida de datos confiables sobre la población original y el área agrícola, así como sobre la diezmación de la población indígena y el área agrícola abandonada. La opinión de algunos investigadores de que con la conquista de América comenzó una nueva era geológica, el Antropoceno, se basa, por tanto, en una base de datos incierta.
An algorithm for fast recovery of sparse causal graphs
Creators: name: Spirtes, Peter
name: Glymour, Clark N.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Abstract: "Previous asymptotically correct algorithms for recovering causal structure from sample probabilities have been limited even in sparse causal graphs to a few variables. We describe an asymptotically correct algorithm whose complexity for fixed graph connectivity increases polynomially in the number of vertices, and may in practice recover sparse graphs with several hundred variables. From sample data with n = 2,000, an implementation of the algorithm on a Decstation 3100 recovers the edges in a linear version of the ALARM network with 37 vertices and 46 edges. Fewer than 8% of the undirected edges are incorrectly identified in the output.Without prior ordering information the program also determines the direction of edges for the ALARM graph with an error rate of 17%. Processing time is less than 15 seconds."
Why Are Rotating Elliptical Galaxies Less Elliptical at X-ray Frequencies?
Creators: name: Brighenti, Fabrizio
name: Mathews, William G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If mass and angular momentum were conserved in cooling flows associated with luminous, slowly rotating elliptical galaxies, the inflowing hot gas would spin up, resulting in disks of cold gas and X-ray images that are highly flattened along the equatorial plane out to several effective radii. Such X-ray flattening is not observed at the spatial resolution currently available to X-ray observations. Evidently mass and angular momentum are not in fact conserved. If cooling flows are depleted by localized radiative cooling at numerous sites distributed throughout the flows, then disks of cooled gas do not form and the X-ray images appear nearly circular. However, the distribution of young stars formed from the cooled gas is still somewhat flattened relative to the stellar light. X-ray images of galactic cooling flows can also be circularized by the turbulent diffusion of angular momentum away from the axis of rotation, but the effective viscosity of known processes -- stellar mass loss, supernovae, cooling site evolution, etc. -- is insufficient to appreciably circularize the X-ray images. Radial gradients in the interstellar iron abundance are unaffected by the expected level of interstellar turbulence since these gradients are continuously re-established by Type Ia supernovae.
description: 17 pages with 6 figures; accepted by Astrophysical Journal
Photon Pair Generation with Tailored Frequency Correlations in Graded-Index Multimode Optical Fibers
Creators: name: Pourbeyram, Hamed
name: Mafi, Arash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the generation of photon pairs with controlled spectral correlations via the four-wave mixing (FWM) process in graded-index multimode optical fibers (GIMFs). We show that the quantum correlations of the generated photons in GIMFs can be preserved over a wide spectral range for a tunable pump source. Therefore, GIMFs can be utilized as quantum-state-preserving tunable sources of photons. In particular, we have shown that it is possible to generate factorable two-photon states, which allow for heralding of single-photon pure-state photons without the need for spectral post filtering. We also elaborate on the possibility of simultaneously generating correlated and uncorrelated photon pairs in the same optical fiber.