cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An improved model for the infrared emission from the zodiacal dust cloud: cometary, asteroidal and interstellar dust
Creators: name: Rowan-Robinson, Michael
name: May, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the infrared emission from zodiacal dust detected by the IRAS and COBE missions, with the aim of estimating the relative contributions of asteroidal, cometary and interstellar dust to the zodiacal cloud. Our most important result is the detection of an isotropic component of foreground radiation due to interstellar dust. The dust in the inner solar system is known to have a fan-like distribution. If this is assumed to extend to the orbit of Mars, we find that cometary, asteroidal and interstellar dust account for 70%, 22% and 7.5% of the dust in the fan. We find a worse fit if the fan is assumed to extend to the orbit of Jupiter. Our model is broadly consistent with the analysis by Divine (1993) of interplanetary dust detected by Ulysses and other spacecraft. Our estimate of the mass-density of interstellar dust in the inner solar system is consistent with estimates from Ulysses at 1.5 au, but is an order of magnitude higher than Ulysses estimates at r > 4 au. Only 1% of the zodiacal dust arriving at the earth would be interstellar, in our model. Our models can be further tested by ground-based kinematical studies of the zodiacal cloud, which need to extend over a period of years to monitor solar cycle variations in interstellar dust, by dynamical simulations, and by in situ measurements from spacecraft.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS, Jan 2013
Resistive switching induced by electronic avalanche breakdown in GaTa$_4$Se$_{8-x}$Te$_x$ narrow gap Mott Insulators
Creators: name: Guiot, Vincent
name: Cario, Laurent
name: Janod, Etienne
name: Corraze, Benoit
name: Phuoc, Vinh Ta
name: Rozenberg, Marcelo
name: Stoliar, Pablo
name: Cren, Tristan
name: Roditchev, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mott transitions induced by strong electric fields are receiving a growing interest. Recent theoretical proposals have focused on the Zener dielectric breakdown in Mott insulators, however experimental studies are still too scarce to conclude about the mechanism. Here we report a study of the dielectric breakdown in the narrow gap Mott insulators GaTa$_4$Se$_{8-x}$Te$_x$. We find that the I-V characteristics and the magnitude of the threshold electric field (E$_{th}$) do not correspond to a Zener breakdown, but rather to an avalanche breakdown. E$_{th}$ increases as a power law of the Mott Hubbard gap (E$_g$), in surprising agreement with the universal law E$_{th}$ $\propto$E$_g$$^{2.5}$ reported for avalanche breakdown in semiconductors. However, the delay time for the avalanche that we observe in Mott insulators is over three orders of magnitude longer than in conventional semiconductors. Our results suggest that the electric field induces local insulator-to-metal Mott transitions that create conductive domains which grow to form filamentary paths across the sample.
Formation of Drug-Participating Catanionic Aggregates for Extended Delivery of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs from Contact Lenses
Creators: name: Torres-Luna, Cesar
name: Koolivand, Abdollah
name: Fan, Xin
name: Agrawal, Niti R.
name: Hu, Naiping
name: Zhu, Yuli
name: Domszy, Roman
name: Briber, Robert M.
name: Wang, Nam Sun
name: Yang, Arthur
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2019
Subjects: drug delivery
contact lenses
controlled release
cationic surfactant
aggregates
rheology
NSAID
wormlike micelles
Maxwell model
hydrogel

description: This paper focuses on extending drug release duration from contact lenses by incorporating catanionic aggregates. The aggregates consist of a long-chain cationic surfactant, i.e., cetalkonium chloride (CKC), and an oppositely charged anti-inflammatory amphiphilic drug. We studied three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs with different octanol–water partition coefficients; diclofenac sodium (DFNa), flurbiprofen sodium (FBNa), and naproxen sodium (NPNa). Confirmation of catanionic aggregate formation in solution was determined by steady and dynamic shear rheology measurements. We observed the increased viscosity, shear thinning, and viscoelastic behavior characteristic of wormlike micelles; the rheological data are reasonably well described using a Maxwellian fluid model with a single relaxation time. In vitro release experiments demonstrated that the extension in the drug release time is dependent on the ability of a drug to form viscoelastic catanionic aggregates. Such aggregates retard the diffusive transport of drug molecules from the contact lenses. Our study revealed that the release kinetics depends on the CKC concentration and the alkyl chain length of the cationic surfactant. We demonstrated that more hydrophobic drugs such as diclofenac sodium show a more extended release than less hydrophobic drugs such as naproxen sodium.
LCAAJ audio for location 49179 (Opava (Troppau), Czechia)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Opava (Troppau), Czechia (49.94066, 17.895074)
Critical values of random analytic functions on complex manifolds
Creators: name: Feng, Renjie
name: Zelditch, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the asymptotic distribution of critical values of random holomorphic `polynomials' s_n on a Kaehler manifold M as the degree n tends to infinity. By `polynomial' of degree n we mean a holomorphic section of the nth power of a positive Hermitian holomorphic line bundle $(L, h). In the special case M = CP^m and L = O(1), and h is the Fubini-Study metric, the random polynomials are the SU(m + 1) polynomials. By a critical value we mean the norm ||s_n||_h of s_n at a non-zero critical point of the norm. The metric and Kahler form endow the polynomials with a Hilbert space structure and we consider the associated Gaussian random polynomials and the spherical ensemble where ||s_n|| = 1 is chosen from Haar measure. Our main result is that the expected limit distribution of critical values as n tends to infinity in the spherical ensemble is universal (i.e. is independent of the choice of h), and we give an explicit formula for it. The limit distribution is the same as for suitably normalized Gaussian measures.
description: 27 pages, 1 figure. The ensembles are the same as in prior articles of the second author with M. R. Douglas and B. Shiffman, Critical points and supersymmetric vacua, II: Asymptotics and extremal metrics, arXiv:math/0406089
The Capacity of Private Information Retrieval from Decentralized Uncoded Caching Databases
Creators: name: Wei, Yi-Peng
name: Arasli, Batuhan
name: Banawan, Karim
name: Ulukus, Sennur
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2019
Subjects: private information retrieval (PIR)
decentralized caching
uncoded caching
PIR capacity

description: We consider the private information retrieval (PIR) problem from decentralized uncoded caching databases. There are two phases in our problem setting, a caching phase, and a retrieval phase. In the caching phase, a data center containing all the K files, where each file is of size L bits, and several databases with storage size constraint 𝜇𝐾𝐿 bits exist in the system. Each database independently chooses 𝜇𝐾𝐿 bits out of the total 𝐾𝐿 bits from the data center to cache through the same probability distribution in a decentralized manner. In the retrieval phase, a user (retriever) accesses N databases in addition to the data center, and wishes to retrieve a desired file privately. We characterize the optimal normalized download cost to be 𝐷∗=∑𝑁+1𝑛=1(𝑁𝑛−1)𝜇𝑛−1(1−𝜇)𝑁+1−𝑛(1+1𝑛+⋯+1𝑛𝐾−1). We show that uniform and random caching scheme which is originally proposed for decentralized coded caching by Maddah-Ali and Niesen, along with Sun and Jafar retrieval scheme which is originally proposed for PIR from replicated databases surprisingly results in the lowest normalized download cost. This is the decentralized counterpart of the recent result of Attia, Kumar, and Tandon for the centralized case. The converse proof contains several ingredients such as interference lower bound, induction lemma, replacing queries and answering string random variables with the content of distributed databases, the nature of decentralized uncoded caching databases, and bit marginalization of joint caching distributions.
Considerations for the shift in roles of national and county governance towards the realization of food security in Kenya
Creators: name: Wafula, Elizabeth Nakhungu
name: Odula, O.
Publisher: name: Nairobi : Rural Outreach Program
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: County
subject: Decentralization
subject: Food Security
subject: Governance
subject: Kenya
subject: Political Economy
subject: Roles
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::640 | Hauswirtschaft und Familienleben

description: The international community's view on the state's role in a country's development and by extension food security situation is currently very positive. As a means to improve governance, decentralization in its many forms is being advocated all over the world. In August of 2010, Kenya embraced a new system of governance which involved the devolution of the central government and public participation as its new and critical components. This implied a shift in the roles of national and county governance towards the achievement of food security. Since food security is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, it is affected by many factors including governance. Thus, the government among other actors, plays a critical role in the achievement of food security. The scope of this review was 'Good Food Security Governance' within the national context, specifically focusing on the two tiers of government; national and county. This study aimed to call to attention the areas under governance in need of special attention by outlining the history of Kenya's political economy that has contributed to the current state of food insecurity. It also seeks to reinforce government's role in food security and propose possible key roles the national and county governments could embrace towards the realization of food security. There is need to eradicate corruption, streamline land tenure systems through effective land reforms, strengthen institutions that were weakened during former government regimes and empower county governments. The role of governments at both county and national level in food security should be reinforced by viewing food security as a public good and on the basis of the right to food as stipulated in the constitution of Kenya. While the national government needs to focus on capacity building of county governments, spurring economic growth, aiding poor rural farmers and putting in place social safety nets, the county government's role should be the identification and implementation of context-specific integrated approaches to improve food security of their peoples. In conclusion, if these considerations are to be properly addressed then governance for food security in Kenya can be improved.
Potential Transient Response of Terrestrial Vegetation and Carbon in Northern North America from Climate Change
Creators: name: Flanagan, Steven A.
name: Hurtt, George C.
name: Fisk, Justin P.
name: Sahajpal, Ritvik
name: Zhao, Maosheng
name: Dubayah, Ralph
name: Hansen, Matthew C.
name: Sullivan, Joe H.
name: Collatz, G. James
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2019
Subjects: climate change
earth system modeling
ecosystem demography model
migration
plant ecology
plant migration
transient response

description: Terrestrial ecosystems and their vegetation are linked to climate. With the potential of accelerated climate change from anthropogenic forcing, there is a need to further evaluate the transient response of ecosystems, their vegetation, and their influence on the carbon balance, to this change. The equilibrium response of ecosystems to climate change has been estimated in previous studies in global domains. However, research on the transient response of terrestrial vegetation to climate change is often limited to domains at the sub-continent scale. Estimation of the transient response of vegetation requires the use of mechanistic models to predict the consequences of competition, dispersal, landscape heterogeneity, disturbance, and other factors, where it becomes computationally prohibitive at scales larger than sub-continental. Here, we used a pseudo-spatial ecosystem model with a vegetation migration sub-model that reduced computational intensity and predicted the transient response of vegetation and carbon to climate change in northern North America. The ecosystem model was first run with a current climatology at half-degree resolution for 1000 years to establish current vegetation and carbon distribution. From that distribution, climate was changed to a future climatology and the ecosystem model run for an additional 2000 simulation years. A model experimental design with different combinations of vegetation dispersal rates, dispersal modes, and disturbance rates produced 18 potential change scenarios. Results indicated that potential redistribution of terrestrial vegetation from climate change was strongly impacted by dispersal rates, moderately affected by disturbance rates, and marginally impacted by dispersal mode. For carbon, the sensitivities were opposite. A potential transient net carbon sink greater than that predicted by the equilibrium response was estimated on time scales of decades–centuries, but diminished over longer time scales. Continued research should further explore the interactions between competition, dispersal, and disturbance, particularly in regards to vegetation redistribution.
Optimizing electronic structure and quantum transport at the graphene-Si(111) interface: An ab-initio density-functional study
Creators: name: Tayran, Ceren
name: Zhu, Zhen
name: Baldoni, Matteo
name: Selli, Daniele
name: Seifert, Gotthard
name: Tománek, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use ab initio density functional calculations to determine the interaction of a graphene monolayer with the Si(111) surface. We found that graphene forms strong bonds to the bare substrate and accommodates the 12% lattice mismatch by forming a wavy structure consisting of free-standing conductive ridges that are connected by ribbon-shaped regions of graphene, which bond covalently to the substrate. We perform quantum transport calculations for different geometries to study changes in the transport properties of graphene introduced by the wavy structure and bonding to the Si substrate. Our results suggest that wavy graphene combines high mobility along the ridges with efficient carrier injection into Si in the contact regions.
Carbon dioxide free production of hydrogen
Creators: name: Stoppel, L.
name: Fehling, T.
name: Geißler, T.
name: Baake, E.
name: Wetzel, T.
Publisher: name: Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Bubble columns
subject: Carbon dioxide
subject: Computational fluid dynamics
subject: Cracks
subject: Flow of gases
subject: Hydrogen production
subject: Liquid metals
subject: Liquids
subject: Metal testing
subject: Metals
subject: Methane
subject: Bubble column reactors
subject: Electromagnetic stirring
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Experimental testing
subject: Methane decomposition
subject: Production of hydrogen
subject: Theoretical modelling
subject: Thermochemical modeling
subject: Liquid methane
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The present report summarizes the theoretical modelling and experimental investigation results of the study on the direct thermal methane cracking. This work is a part of the LIMTECH-Project (Liquid Metal Technologies) funded of Helmholtz Alliance and was carried out from 2012 to 2017. The Project-part B5 "CO2-free production of hydrogen" focused on experimental testing and particularly on modelling the novel methane cracking method based on liquid metal technology. The new method uses a bubble column reactor, filled with liquid metal, where both the chemical reaction of methane decomposition and the separation of gas fraction from solid carbon occur. Such reactor system was designed and built in the liquid metal laboratory (KALLA) at KIT. The influences of liquid metal temperature distribution in reactor and feed gas flow rate on methane conversion ratio were investigated experimentally at the temperature range from 930 C to 1175 C and methane flow rate at the reactor inlet from 50 to 200 mLn/min. In parallel with experimental investigations, a thermochemical model, giving insight in the influence of the above mentioned parameters has been developed at KIT and a CFD model was developed at LUH to get an overview about the bubble dynamics in the reaction system. The influence of different bubble sizes and shapes, multi-inlet coalescence effects as well as the potential of electromagnetic stirring have been investigated.
Spin Sensitive Transmission Through Helical Potentials
Creators: name: Eremko, A. A.
name: Loktev, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the transmission coefficient for electrons passing through the helically shaped potential barrier, which can be, for example, produced by DNA molecules.
description: 4 pages; typos corrected
A van Benthem theorem for modal team semantics
Creators: name: Kontinen, Juha
name: Müller, Julian-Steffen
name: Schnoor, Henning
name: Vollmer, Heribert
Publisher: name: Wadern : Schloss Dagstuhl- Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik GmbH
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Bisimulation
subject: Expressivity
subject: Generalized dependence atom
subject: Inclusion
subject: Team semantics
subject: Formal logic
subject: Inclusions
subject: Linearization
subject: Reconfigurable hardware
subject: Semantics
subject: Dependence logic
subject: Independence
subject: Modal logic
subject: Computer circuits
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: The famous van Benthem theorem states that modal logic corresponds exactly to the fragment of first-order logic that is invariant under bisimulation. In this article we prove an exact analogue of this theorem in the framework of modal dependence logic MDL and team semantics. We show that modal team logic MTL, extending MDL by classical negation, captures exactly the FO-definable bisimulation invariant properties of Kripke structures and teams. We also compare the expressive power of MTL to most of the variants and extensions of MDL recently studied in the area.
Analysis of Dynamic Interactions between Different Drivetrain Components with a Detailed Wind Turbine Model
Creators: name: Bartschat, Arne
name: Morisse, Marcel
name: Mertens, Axel
name: Wenske, Jan
Publisher: name: Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: wind turbine
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The presented work describes a detailed analysis of the dynamic interactions among mechanical and electrical drivetrain components of a modern wind turbine under the influence of parameter variations, different control mechanisms and transient excitations. For this study, a detailed model of a 2MW wind turbine with a gearbox, a permanent magnet synchronous generator and a full power converter has been developed which considers all relevant characteristics of the mechanical and electrical subsystems. This model includes an accurate representation of the aerodynamics and the mechanical properties of the rotor and the complete mechanical drivetrain. Furthermore, a detailed electrical modelling of the generator, the full scale power converter with discrete switching devices, its filters, the transformer and the grid as well as the control structure is considered. The analysis shows that, considering control measures based on active torsional damping, interactions between mechanical and electrical subsystems can significantly affect the loads and thus the individual lifetime of the components.
IGF2BP1 Significantly Enhances Translation Efficiency of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1 without Affecting Viral Replication
Creators: name: Chen, Junhao
name: Zhang, Ruihua
name: Lan, Jingjing
name: Lin, Shaoli
name: Li, Pengfei
name: Gao, Jiming
name: Wang, Yu
name: Xie, Zhi-Jing
name: Li, Fu-Chang
name: Jiang, Shi-Jin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2019
Subjects: duck hepatitis A virus type 1
insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein-1
3' untranslated region
translation efficiency
viral propagation

description: As a disease characterized by severe liver necrosis and hemorrhage, duck viral hepatitis (DVH) is mainly caused by duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV). The positive-strand RNA genome of DHAV type 1 (DHAV-1) contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element within the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), structured sequence elements within the 3′ UTR, and a poly(A) tail at the 3′ terminus. In this study, we first examined that insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein-1 (IGF2BP1) specifically interacted with the DHAV-1 3′ UTR by RNA pull-down assay. The interaction between IGF2BP1 and DHAV-1 3′ UTR strongly enhanced IRES-mediated translation efficiency but failed to regulate DHAV-1 replication in a duck embryo epithelial (DEE) cell line. The viral propagation of DHAV-1 strongly enhanced IGF2BP1 expression level, and viral protein accumulation was identified as the key point to this increment. Collectively, our data demonstrated the positive role of IGF2BP1 in DHAV-1 viral proteins translation and provided data support for the replication mechanism of DHAV-1.
Bewertung der Formveränderung transienter Signale in GTEM-Zellen
Creators: name: Briest, Niklas
name: Garbe, Heyno
name: Potthast, Stefan
Publisher: name: Berlin : Walter de Gruyter
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: EMC immunity testing
subject: TEM waveguide verification
subject: Electric fuses
subject: Electromagnetic compatibility
subject: Electromagnetic pulse
subject: Ultra-wideband (UWB)
subject: Communications engineering
subject: Critical frequencies
subject: Frequency and time domains
subject: Immunity testing
subject: Nuclear electromagnetic pulse
subject: TEM waveguide
subject: Transmission quality
subject: Ultra-wideband pulse
subject: Waveguides
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau::621 | Angewandte Physik::621,3 | Elektrotechnik, Elektronik

description: The verification of transversal electromagnetic (TEM) waveguides, especially GTEM cells, is described in the standard IEC 61000-4-20 in the frequency and time domain. The verification in time domain is based on a nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP) with a double exponential waveform, with is defined by two parameters, the rise time and pulsewidth, and the given parameter limits. A verification of the transmission qualitiy of a GTEM cell for arbitrary transient signals based on these parameters is not possible. Furthermore, it is not possible to identify critical frequencies of the performed waveguide with such an ultra-wideband pulse. Due to new upcoming signal shapes in the communications engineering and the use of transient signals in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues, a verification of waveguides for these waveform is essential. The method presented in this paper allows the qualification of a TEM waveguide for arbitrary transient signals. A signal comparison based on a correlation is performed, which quantifies the transmission quality of a waveguide for the performed transient shape. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.
Low-Density Parity-Check Codes From Transversal Designs With Improved Stopping Set Distributions
Creators: name: Gruner, Alexander
name: Huber, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper examines the construction of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes from transversal designs based on sets of mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLS). By transferring the concept of configurations in combinatorial designs to the level of Latin squares, we thoroughly investigate the occurrence and avoidance of stopping sets for the arising codes. Stopping sets are known to determine the decoding performance over the binary erasure channel and should be avoided for small sizes. Based on large sets of simple-structured MOLS, we derive powerful constraints for the choice of suitable subsets, leading to improved stopping set distributions for the corresponding codes. We focus on LDPC codes with column weight 4, but the results are also applicable for the construction of codes with higher column weights. Finally, we show that a subclass of the presented codes has quasi-cyclic structure which allows low-complexity encoding.
description: 11 pages; to appear in "IEEE Transactions on Communications"
The Expanding Riboverse
Creators: name: Sulima, Sergey O.
name: Dinman, Jonathan D.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2019
Subjects: ribosome
specialization
heterogeneity
cancer
ribosomopathies
translational fidelity

description: Subverting the conventional concept of “the” ribosome, a wealth of information gleaned from recent studies is revealing a much more diverse and dynamic ribosomal reality than has traditionally been thought possible. A diverse array of researchers is collectively illuminating a universe of heterogeneous and adaptable ribosomes harboring differences in composition and regulatory capacity: These differences enable specialization. The expanding universe of ribosomes not only comprises an incredible richness in ribosomal specialization between species, but also within the same tissues and even cells. In this review, we discuss ribosomal heterogeneity and speculate how the emerging understanding of the ribosomal repertoire is impacting the biological sciences today. Targeting pathogen-specific and pathological “diseased” ribosomes promises to provide new treatment options for patients, and potential applications for “designer ribosomes” are within reach. Our deepening understanding of and ability to manipulate the ribosome are establishing both the technological and theoretical foundations for major advances for the 21st century and beyond.
Distribution and Community Assembly of Trees Along an Andean Elevational Gradient
Creators: name: Worthy, Samantha J.
name: Jiménez Paz, Rosa A.
name: Pérez, Álvaro J.
name: Reynolds, Alex
name: Cruse-Sanders, Jennifer
name: Valencia, Renato
name: Barone, John A.
name: Burgess, Kevin S.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2019
Subjects: community phylogenetics
Ecuador
montane forests
taxonomic metrics
tree diversity

description: Highlighting patterns of distribution and assembly of plants involves the use of community phylogenetic analyses and complementary traditional taxonomic metrics. However, these patterns are often unknown or in dispute, particularly along elevational gradients, with studies finding different patterns based on elevation. We investigated how patterns of tree diversity and structure change along an elevation gradient using taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity metrics. We sampled 595 individuals (36 families; 53 genera; 88 species) across 15 plots along an elevational gradient (2440–3330 m) in Ecuador. Seventy species were sequenced for the rbcL and matK gene regions to generate a phylogeny. Species richness, Shannon–Weaver diversity, Simpson’s Dominance, Simpson’s Evenness, phylogenetic diversity (PD), mean pairwise distance (MPD), and mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) were evaluated for each plot. Values were correlated with elevation and standardized effect sizes (SES) of MPD and MNTD were generated, including and excluding tree fern species, for comparisons across elevation. Taxonomic and phylogenetic metrics found that species diversity decreases with elevation. We also found that overall the community has a non-random phylogenetic structure, dependent on the presence of tree ferns, with stronger phylogenetic clustering at high elevations. Combined, this evidence supports the ideas that tree ferns have converged with angiosperms to occupy the same habitat and that an increased filtering of clades has led to more closely related angiosperm species at higher elevations.
Identification of fractional order systems using modulating functions method
Creators: name: Liu, Da-Yan
name: Laleg-Kirati, Taous-Meriem
name: Gibaru, Olivier
name: Perruquetti, Wilfrid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The modulating functions method has been used for the identification of linear and nonlinear systems. In this paper, we generalize this method to the on-line identification of fractional order systems based on the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives. First, a new fractional integration by parts formula involving the fractional derivative of a modulating function is given. Then, we apply this formula to a fractional order system, for which the fractional derivatives of the input and the output can be transferred into the ones of the modulating functions. By choosing a set of modulating functions, a linear system of algebraic equations is obtained. Hence, the unknown parameters of a fractional order system can be estimated by solving a linear system. Using this method, we do not need any initial values which are usually unknown and not equal to zero. Also we do not need to estimate the fractional derivatives of noisy output. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed estimators are robust against high frequency sinusoidal noises and the ones due to a class of stochastic processes. Finally, the efficiency and the stability of the proposed method is confirmed by some numerical simulations.
Non-Abelian discrete R symmetries
Creators: name: Chen, Mu-Chun
name: Ratz, Michael
name: Trautner, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss non-Abelian discrete R symmetries which might have some conceivable relevance for model building. The focus is on settings with N=1 supersymmetry, where the superspace coordinate transforms in a one-dimensional representation of the non-Abelian discrete symmetry group. We derive anomaly constraints for such symmetries and find that novel patterns of Green-Schwarz anomaly cancellation emerge. In addition we show that perfect groups, also in the non-R case, are always anomaly-free. An important property of models with non-Abelian discrete R symmetries is that superpartners come in different representations of the group. We present an example model, based on a semidirect product of a Z_3 and a Z_8^R symmetry, to discuss generic features of models which unify discrete R symmetries, entailing solutions to the mu and proton decay problems of the MSSM, with non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries.
description: 21 pages
From molten salts to room temperature ionic liquids: Simulation studies on chloroaluminate systems
Creators: name: Salanne, Mathieu
name: Siqueira, Leonardo J. A.
name: Seitsonen, Ari P.
name: Madden, Paul A.
name: Kirchner, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An interaction potential including chloride anion polarization effects, constructed from first-principles calculations, is used to examine the structure and transport properties of a series of chloroaluminate melts. A particular emphasis was given to the study of the equimolar mixture of aluminium chloride with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, which forms a room temperature ionic liquid EMI-AlCl 4. The structure yielded by the classical simulations performed within the framework of the polarizable ion model is compared to the results obtained from entirely electronic structure-based simulations: An excellent agreement between the two flavors of molecular dynamics is observed. When changing the organic cation EMI+ by an inorganic cation with a smaller ionic radius (Li+, Na+, K+), the chloroaluminate speciation becomes more complex, with the formation of Al2Cl 7- in small amounts. The calculated transport properties (diffusion coefficients, electrical conductivity and viscosity) of EMI-AlCl4 are in good agreement with experimental data.
Botrychium lanceolatum Seb. et Mauri
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: E. lanceolatum Seb. et Mauri Steinige, buschige Orte. Am Rhoneknie in denDistr. l und2, entdeckt1915von H.GAMS. l: Mehrfach im Gebiet Collonges-Dorenaz, 550-900 m (Garns). - 2: Ob Branson-Fully, 845 bis 1100m (Garns).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Anomalous spin dephasing in (110) GaAs quantum wells: Anisotropy and intersubband effects
Creators: name: Döhrmann, S.
name: Hägele, D.
name: Rudolph, J.
name: Bichler, M.
name: Schuh, D.
name: Oestreich, Michael
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Physical Society
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Crystal growth
subject: Electromagnetic wave polarization
subject: Gallium compounds
subject: Magnetic anisotropy
subject: Magnetic field effects
subject: Photoluminescence
subject: Semiconductor doping
subject: Electron spin decoherence
subject: Intersubband effects
subject: Multiple quantum well (MQW)
subject: Spin relaxation mechanism
subject: Semiconductor quantum wells
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The anisotropic spin dephasing in (110) quantum wells (QW) from 6 K up to room temperature was investigated. It was found that intersubband scattering constitutes a new spin dephasing mechanism that is necessary to explain reduced spin lifetimes at elevated temperatures for electron spins along (110). The spin lifetime of spins perpendicular to the growth direction is about one order of magnitude shorter compared to spins along (110). The modification and total suppression of spin oscillations through anisotropic spin dephasing was also analyzed. © American Physical Society
Genetic Studies of Autism and Lived Experience Perspectives
Creators: name: Pugsley, Kealan Bree McGowan
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 520505
subject: Social psychology
classificationCode: 310503
subject: Developmental genetics (incl. sex determination)

description: Autism and Autistic traits are highly heritable. This thesis broadly examined the relationship between autism and genetics. Through application of analytical, experimental, and qualitative methodologies, it has sought to: better define the contribution of genetic variation to the aetiology of autism, develop tools to facilitate future genetic investigations, and understand how research of this nature is perceived by Autistic people and their allies in Australia. The findings provide novel evidence and resources from which to further explore the role of genetics in autism, and highlight opportunities to leverage expertise-by-experience in autism genetics research.
title: Tötung gem. § 4 Abs. 3 TierSchG nach abgeschlossenem Tierversuch: Empfehlung Nr. 010/2023 des Nationalen Ausschusses TierSchG vom 12. April 2023
Creators: name: Bundesinstitut Für Risikobewertung
Publisher: name: Bundesbehörden und Einrichtungen im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 000

description: BfR-Stellungnahmen, vol. 2023, no. 010
Chemically-induced epileptic seizures in zebrafish: a systematic review
Creators: name: Benvenutti, Radharani
name: Reis, Carlos Guilherme
name: Chitolina, Rafael
name: Piato, Angelo
name: Gallas-Lopes, Matheus
name: CALCAGNOTTO, MARIA ELISA
name: Herrmann, Ana P.
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience and Neurobiology
subject: Behavioral Neurobiology
subject: Animal Experimentation and Research
subject: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
subject: Research Methods in Life Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Animal Sciences

description: Pre-registered protocol for a systematic review on the effects of chemoconvulsants in zebrafish
Allele-Specific Expression of CD4+ T Cells in Response to Marek’s Disease Virus Infection
Creators: name: Bai, Hao
name: He, Yanghua
name: Ding, Yi
name: Carrillo, José A.
name: Selvaraj, Ramesh K.
name: Zhang, Huanmin
name: Chen, Jilan
name: Song, Jiuzhou
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2019
Subjects: Marek's disease virus
CD4+ T cells
allele-specific expression
differential expression
genetic resistance

description: Marek’s disease (MD) is a T cell lymphoma disease induced by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), a highly oncogenic α herpesvirus primarily affecting chickens. MD is a chronic infectious disease that threatens the poultry industry. However, the mechanisms of genetic resistance for MD are complex and not completely understood. In this study, to identify high-confidence candidate genes of MD genetic resistance, high throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to obtain transcriptomic data of CD4+ T cells isolated from MDV-infected and non-infected groups of two reciprocal crosses of individuals mating by two highly inbred chicken lines (63 MD-resistant and 72 MD-susceptible). After RNA-seq analysis with two biological replicates in each group, we identified 61 and 123 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05) annotated in 39 and 132 genes in intercrosses 63 × 72 and 72 × 63, respectively, which exhibited allele-specific expression (ASE) in response to MDV infection. Similarly, we identified 62 and 79 SNPs annotated in 66 and 96 genes in infected and non-infected groups, respectively. We identified 534 and 1543 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (FDR < 0.05) related to MDV infection in intercrosses 63 × 72 and 72 × 63, respectively. We also identified 328 and 20 DEGs in infected and non-infected groups, respectively. The qRT-PCR using seven DEGs further verified our results of RNA-seq analysis. The qRT-PCR of 11 important ASE genes was performed for gene functional validation in CD4+ T cells and tumors. Combining the analyses, six genes (MCL1, SLC43A2, PDE3B, ADAM33, BLB1, and DMB2), especially MCL1, were highlighted as the candidate genes with the potential to be involved in MDV infection. Gene-set enrichment analysis revealed that many ASE genes are linked to T cell activation, T cell receptor (TCR), B cell receptor (BCR), ERK/MAPK, and PI3K/AKT-mTOR signaling pathways, which play potentially important roles in MDV infection. Our approach underlines the importance of comprehensive functional studies for gaining valuable biological insight into the genetic factors behind MD and other complex traits, and our findings provide additional insights into the mechanisms of MD and disease resistance breeding in poultry.
Anomalous optical surface absorption in nominally pure silicon samples at 1550 nm
Creators: name: Bell, Angus S.
name: Steinlechner, Jessica
name: Martin, Iain W.
name: Craig, Kieran
name: Cunningham, William
name: Rowan, Shella
name: Hough, Jim
name: Schnabel, Roman
name: Khalaidovski, Alexander
Publisher: name: Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: gravitational wave detectors
subject: optical absorption
subject: silicon optics
subject: Gravitationswelle
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The announcement of the direct detection of gravitational waves (GW) by the LIGO and Virgo collaboration in February 2016 has removed any uncertainty around the possibility of GW astronomy. It has demonstrated that future detectors with sensitivities ten times greater than the Advanced LIGO detectors would see thousands of events per year. Many proposals for such future interferometric GW detectors assume the use of silicon test masses. Silicon has low mechanical loss at low temperatures, which leads to low displacement noise for a suspended interferometer mirror. In addition to the low mechanical loss, it is a requirement that the test masses have a low optical loss. Measurements at 1550 nm have indicated that material with a low enough bulk absorption is available; however there have been suggestions that this low absorption material has a surface absorption of >100 ppm which could preclude its use in future cryogenic detectors. We show in this paper that this surface loss is not intrinsic but is likely to be a result of particular polishing techniques and can be removed or avoided by the correct polishing procedure. This is an important step towards high gravitational wave detection rates in silicon based instruments.
LCAAJ audio for location 49188 (Ceský Tešín - Cieszyn, Czechia)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Yiddish language--Dialects
Yiddish language--Phonology
Language surveys
Ashkenazim--Social life and customs
Jews--Civilization

description: Ceský Tešín - Cieszyn, Czechia (49.747044, 18.623796)
Secure Degrees of Freedom in Networks with User Misbehavior
Creators: name: Banawan, Karim
name: Ulukus, Sennur
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2019
Subjects: secure degrees of freedom
interference alignment
extensive-form games

description: We investigate the secure degrees of freedom (s.d.o.f.) of three new channel models: broadcast channel with combating helpers, interference channel with selfish users, and multiple access wiretap channel with deviating users. The goal of introducing these channel models is to investigate various malicious interactions that arise in networks, including active adversaries. That is in contrast with the common assumption in the literature that the users follow a certain protocol altruistically and transmit both message-carrying and cooperative jamming signals in an optimum manner. In the first model, over a classical broadcast channel with confidential messages (BCCM), there are two helpers, each associated with one of the receivers. In the second model, over a classical interference channel with confidential messages (ICCM), there is a helper and users are selfish. By casting each problem as an extensive-form game and applying recursive real interference alignment, we show that, for the first model, the combating intentions of the helpers are neutralized and the full s.d.o.f. is retained; for the second model, selfishness precludes secure communication and no s.d.o.f. is achieved. In the third model, we consider the multiple access wiretap channel (MAC-WTC), where multiple legitimate users wish to have secure communication with a legitimate receiver in the presence of an eavesdropper. We consider the case when a subset of users deviate from the optimum protocol that attains the exact s.d.o.f. of this channel. We consider two kinds of deviation: when some of the users stop transmitting cooperative jamming signals, and when a user starts sending intentional jamming signals. For the first scenario, we investigate possible responses of the remaining users to counteract such deviation. For the second scenario, we use an extensive-form game formulation for the interactions of the deviating and well-behaving users. We prove that a deviating user can drive the s.d.o.f. to zero; however, the remaining users can exploit its intentional jamming signals as cooperative jamming signals against the eavesdropper and achieve an optimum s.d.o.f.
Construction of a Gauge-Invariant Action for Type II Superstring Field Theory
Creators: name: Matsunaga, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a gauge-invariant action for covariant type II string field theory in the NS-NS sector. Our construction is based on the large Hilbert space description and Zwiebach's string products are used. First, we rewrite the action for bosonic string field theory into a new form where a state in the kernel of the generator of the gauge transformation appears explicitly. Then we use the same strategy and write down our type II action, where a projector onto the small Hilbert space plays an important role. We present lower-order terms up to quartic order and show that three-point amplitudes are reproduced correctly.
description: 34 pages
A Strategy to Characterize the LISA-Pathfinder Cold Gas Thruster System
Creators: name: Armano, M.
name: Audley, H.
name: Auger, G.
name: Baird, J.
name: Binetruy, P.
name: Born, Michael
name: Bortoluzzi, D.
name: Brandt, N.
name: Bursi, A.
name: Caleno, M.
name: Cavalleri, A.
name: Cesarini, A.
name: Cruise, M.
name: Danzmann, Karsten
name: Diepholz, I.
name: Dolesi, R.
name: Dunbar, N.
name: Ferraioli, L.
name: Ferroni, V.
name: Fitzsimons, E.
name: Freschi, M.
name: Gallegos, J.
name: Marirrodriga, C. Garcia
name: Gerndt, R.
name: Gesa, L.I.
name: Gibert, F.
name: Giardini, D.
name: Giusteri, R.
name: Grimani, C.
name: Harrison, I.
name: Heinzel, Gerhard
name: Hewitson, M.
name: Hollington, D.
name: Hueller, M.
name: Huesler, J.
name: Inchauspe, H.
name: Jennrich, O.
name: Jetzer, P.
name: Johlander, B.
name: Karnesis, N.
name: Kaune, B.
name: Korsakova, N.
name: Killow, C.
name: Lloro, I.
name: Maarschalkerweerd, R.
name: Madden, S.
name: Mance, D.
name: Martin, V.
name: Martin-Porqueras, F.
name: Mateos, I.
name: McNamara, P.
name: Mendes, J.
name: Mendes, L.
name: Moroni, A.
name: Nofrarias, M.
name: Paczkowski, S.
name: Perreur-Lloyd, M.
name: Petiteau, A.
name: Pivato, P.
name: Plagnol, E.
name: Prat, P.
name: Ragnit, U.
name: Ramos-Castro, J.
name: Reiche, J.
name: Perez, J. A. Romera
name: Robertson, D.
name: Rozemeijer, H.
name: Russano, G.
name: Sarra, P.
name: Schleicher, A.
name: Slutsky, J.
name: Sopuerta, C.F.
name: Sumner, T.
name: Texier, D.
name: Thorpe, J.
name: Trenkel, C.
name: Tu, H.B.
name: Vitale, S.
name: Wanner, G.
name: Ward, H.
name: Waschke, S.
name: Wass, P.
name: Wealthy, D.
name: Wen, S.
name: Weber, W.
name: Wittchen, A.
name: Zanoni, C.
name: Ziegler, T.
name: Zweifel, P.
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publishing Ltd.
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: LISA Pathfinder
subject: Astronomy
subject: Astrophysics
subject: Physics, Applied
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The cold gas micro-propulsion system that will be used during the LISA-Pathfinder mission will be one of the most important component used to ensure the "free-fall" of the enclosed test masses. In this paper we present a possible strategy to characterize the effective direction and amplitude gain of each of the 6 thrusters of this system.