cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Perturbative quantum damping of cosmological expansion
Creators: name: Broda, Bogusław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perturbative quantum gravity in the framework of the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism is applied to compute lowest-order corrections to the actual expansion of the Universe described in terms of the spatially flat Friedman-Lematre-Robertson-Walker solution. The classical metric is approximated by a third order polynomial perturbation around the Minkowski metric. It is shown that the quantum contribution to the classical expansion, although extremely small, has damping properties (quantum friction), i.e. it slows down the expansion.
description: 8 pages
Temporal Practice Online: Navigating “Now” and “Then” in a Web-based ESL Course
Creators: name: Ganat, George L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Second language acquisition--Computer-assisted instruction
Business--Computer simulation
Internet in education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers--Computer-assisted instruction
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: New pedagogical models are emerging to attend to the needs of ESL learners who may have to communicate online in their second language. The goal-based scenario approach, as deployed in Columbia Interactive’s American Business Writing program, offers one such solution, allowing students to interact with fictional interlocutors in an online business simulation. Involvement in this learning environment forces students to experience two time frames simultaneously — the learning environment of real-time and the fictional environment of the online scenario. The overlapping of the two environments would seem to problematize the communication of temporal and spatial relations, yet effective business correspondence, where speed and clarity are essential, requires clear temporal anchoring. In this study, I investigate how learners navigate the time frames of a web-enabled learning experience and acquire pragmatic skills. Using assignments submitted in a Columbia Interactive course, I explore temporal practice in an online role-play. The data shows that students leave linguistic tracks of two time streams in their assignments, usually maintaining clear boundaries between the “here-now” of real-time and the “there-then” of scenario time, but occasionally weaving the two in inventive – and pedagogically satisfying – ways.
Bayesian CP Factorization of Incomplete Tensors with Automatic Rank Determination
Creators: name: Zhao, Qibin
name: Zhang, Liqing
name: Cichocki, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) tensor factorization of incomplete data is a powerful technique for tensor completion through explicitly capturing the multilinear latent factors. The existing CP algorithms require the tensor rank to be manually specified, however, the determination of tensor rank remains a challenging problem especially for CP rank. In addition, existing approaches do not take into account uncertainty information of latent factors, as well as missing entries. To address these issues, we formulate CP factorization using a hierarchical probabilistic model and employ a fully Bayesian treatment by incorporating a sparsity-inducing prior over multiple latent factors and the appropriate hyperpriors over all hyperparameters, resulting in automatic rank determination. To learn the model, we develop an efficient deterministic Bayesian inference algorithm, which scales linearly with data size. Our method is characterized as a tuning parameter-free approach, which can effectively infer underlying multilinear factors with a low-rank constraint, while also providing predictive distributions over missing entries. Extensive simulations on synthetic data illustrate the intrinsic capability of our method to recover the ground-truth of CP rank and prevent the overfitting problem, even when a large amount of entries are missing. Moreover, the results from real-world applications, including image inpainting and facial image synthesis, demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches for both tensor factorization and tensor completion in terms of predictive performance.
Loop erased random walk on percolation cluster: Crossover from Euclidean to fractal geometry
Creators: name: Daryaei, E.
name: Rouhani, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study loop erased random walk (LERW) on the percolation cluster, with occupation probability $p\geq p_c$, in two and three dimensions. We find that the fractal dimensions of LERW$_p$ is close to normal LERW in Euclidean lattice, for all $p>p_c$. However our results reveal that LERW on critical incipient percolation clusters is fractal with $d_{f}=1.217\pm0.0015$ for d = 2 and $1.44\pm0.03$ for d = 3, independent of the coordination number of the lattice. These values are consistent with the known values for optimal path exponents in strongly disordered media. We investigate how the behavior of the LERW$_p$ crosses over from Euclidean to fractal geometry by gradually decreasing the value of the parameter p from 1 to $p_c$. For finite systems, two crossover exponents and a scaling relation can be derived. This work opens up a new theoretical window regarding diffusion process on fractal and random landscapes.
description: 5 pages and 4 figures
On weighted strong type inequalities for the generalized weighted mean operator
Creators: name: Hutník, Ondrej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 26D10, 26A51, Secondary 47B38, 47G10

description: The generalized weighted mean operator $\mathbf{M}^{g}_{w}$ is given by $$[\mathbf{M}^{g}_{w}f](x)= g^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{W(x)}\int_{0}^{x}w(t)g(f(t))\,\mathrm{d}t\right),$$ with $$W(x)=\int_{0}^{x} w(s)\,\mathrm{d}s, \quad \textrm{for} x \in (0, +\infty),$$ where $w$ is a positive measurable function on $(0,+\infty)$ and $g$ is a real continuous strictly monotone function with its inverse $g^{-1}$. We give some sufficient conditions on weights $u,v$ on $(0,+\infty)$ for which there exists a positive constant $C$ such that the weighted strong type $(p,q)$ inequality $$\left(\int_{0}^{\infty} u(x)\Bigl([\mathbf{M}^{g}_{w}f](x)\Bigr)^{q}\,\mathrm{d}x \right)^{1 \over q} \leq C \left(\int_{0}^{\infty}v(x)f(x)^{p}\,\mathrm{d}x \right)^{1 \over p} $$ holds for every measurable non-negative function $f$, where the positive reals $p,q$ satisfy certain restrictions.
title: Il Temistocle; 1740
title: Dramma Da rappresentarsi nel Carnovale dell' Anno 1740. Da'Signori Paggi Di Corte Di Sua Altezza Eccelsa E Reverendissima L'Arcivescovo Principe Di Salisburgo &c. &c.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Metastasio, Pietro
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2011

description: Verf. ermittelt
Foundations of Language
Creators: name: Purdy, J. D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Generative grammar
subject: Historical linguistics
subject: Cognitive science
subject: Linguistic change
subject: Education
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: With so little known about how language is perceived and produced, the field of linguistics could use a fresh perspective on the current state of affairs. Ray Jackendoff’s book draws together current thought from mainstream generative grammar and from more recent thinking on the function of the mind. In integrating these areas, Jackendoff illuminates the interfaces between language and other functions of the mind, and at the same time helps define the scope of contemporary linguistic inquiry.
Sustainable Energy Solutions for Irrigation and Harvesting in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Mehrotra, Prakhar
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2013
Subjects: harvesting
irrigation
agriculture
Sustainability
developing countries
stirling engine
Aeronautics
renewable energy

description: One of the critical problems currently being faced by agriculture industry in developing nations is the alarming rate of groundwater depletion. Irrigation accounts for over 70% of the total groundwater withdrawn everyday. Compounding this issue is the use of polluting diesel generators to pump groundwater for irrigation. This has made irrigation not only the biggest consumer of groundwater but also one of the major contributors to green house gases. The aim of this thesis is to present a solution to the energy-water nexus. To make agriculture less dependent on fossil fuels, the use of a solar-powered Stirling engine as the power generator for on-farm energy needs is discussed. The Stirling cycle is revisited and practical and ideal Stirling cycles are compared. Based on agricultural needs and financial constraints faced by farmers in developing countries, the use of a Fresnel lens as a solar-concentrator and a Beta-type Stirling engine unit is suggested for sustainable power generation on the farms. To reduce the groundwater consumption and to make irrigation more sustainable, the conceptual idea of using a Stirling engine in drip irrigation is presented. To tackle the shortage of over 37 million tonnes of cold-storage in India, the idea of cost-effective solar-powered on-farm cold storage unit is discussed.
Survival of Bc mesons in a hot plasma within a potential model
Creators: name: Alberico, W. M.
name: Carignano, S.
name: Czerski, P.
name: De Pace, A.
name: Nardi, M.
name: Ratti, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend a previous work on the study of heavy charmonia and bottomonia in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma by considering the Bc family of mesons. With the introduction of this bound state of a charm and a beauty quark, we investigate at finite temperature the behavior of the quarkonium, in an energy region between the ψ and the Υ states.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
Identification of Thermally-Tagged Coherent Structures in the Zero Pressure Gradient Turbulent Boundary Layer
Creators: name: Rought, Rebecca Lynn
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2013
Subjects: Turbulence
Aeronautics
Boundary Layer

description: A zero pressure gradient boundary layer over a flat plate is subjected to step changes in thermal condition at the wall, causing the formation of internal, heated layers.  The resulting temperature fluctuations and their corresponding density variations are associated with turbulent coherent structures. Aero-optical distortion occurs when light passes through the boundary layer, encountering the changing index of refraction resulting from the density variations.  Instantaneous measurements of streamwise velocity, temperature and the optical deflection angle experienced by a laser traversing the boundary layer are made using hot and cold wires and a Malley probe, respectively.  Correlations of the deflection angle with the temperature and velocity records suggest that the dominant contribution to the deflection angle comes from thermally-tagged structures in the outer boundary layer with a convective velocity of approximately 0.8U∞. An examination of instantaneous temperature and velocity and their temporal gradients conditionally averaged around significant optical deflections shows behavior consistent with the passage of a heated vortex.  Strong deflections are associated with strong negative temperature gradients, and strong positive velocity gradients where the sign of the streamwise velocity fluctuation changes.  The power density spectrum of the optical deflections reveals associated structure size to be on the order of the boundary layer thickness. A comparison to the temperature and velocity spectra suggests that the responsible structures are smaller vortices in the outer boundary layer as opposed to larger scale motions.  Notable differences between the power density spectra of the optical deflections and the temperature remain unresolved due to the low frequency response of the cold wire.
Corrective Feedback in Second Language Acquisition
Creators: name: El Tatawy, Mounira
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Second language acquisition--Methodology
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers--Ability testing
English language--Errors of usage
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: Over the last few years, the role played by corrective feedback in language acquisition has become a highly controversial issue. In the field of First Language Acquisition (FLA), researchers express strong reservations concerning the effect that negative evidence has on FLA, if there is any at all. In the field of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), however, there appears to be a growing consensus among the majority of researchers concerning the significance of the role played by negative evidence in the process of SLA. This literature review will focus mainly on the role played by corrective feedback in SLA. While corrective feedback clearly relates to both oral and written discourse, the focus of this discussion will center on oral production, since the preponderance of research has largely focused on this aspect. In the following sections of this review, the meaning of corrective feedback will be discussed, and the different theoretical stances towards its role in SLA examined. Empirical studies that explore the impact corrective feedback has on SLA will be reviewed, followed by a discussion of some of the issues that loom large in research in the area of corrective feedback and its role in SLA.
Task-induced Content-familiarity, Task-driven Attention to Form, and Learner Uptake of Recasts: A Preliminary Inquiry
Creators: name: Révész, Andrea
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Grammar, Comparative and general--Morphosyntax
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers--Methodology
Task analysis in education
Second language acquisition--Research
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: Recent SLA research has found that recasts on morphosyntactic features are more effective in form-focused classrooms than in meaning-based classrooms. Based on this understanding, it is hypothesized that there is a positive correlation between the effectiveness of recasts on morphosyntactic features and the amount of attention learners pay to form. This paper reports on a preliminary study that tests this hypothesis through administering a sequence of communicative tasks, designed to promote different degrees of attention to form and meaning. The tasks differed as to (a) the extent of learners’ familiarity with task content and (b) the intrinsic capacity of the task to draw attention to form. The study observed both learners’ uptake and perception of recasts through the tasks. The data collected consisted of transcripts of the participants’ task-based interactions and stimulated recall sessions. The results show that both the amount of uptake after recasts and the accurate perception of recasts are positively correlated with the amount of attention learners devote to form during task-based interaction. The preliminary study, therefore, suggests that learners’ familiarity with task content along with the intrinsic capacity of a task to promote attention to form can increase the effectiveness of form-focused recasts.
Spin correlations in the Drell-Yan process, parton entanglement, and other unconventional QCD effects
Creators: name: Nachtmann, Otto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review ideas on the structure of the QCD vacuum which had served as motivation for the discussion of various non-standard QCD effects in high-energy reactions in articles from 1984 to 1995. These effects include, in particular, transverse-momentum and spin correlations in the Drell-Yan process and soft photon production in hadron-hadron collisions. We discuss the relation of the approach introduced in the above-mentioned articles to the approach, developed later, using transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions (TDMs). The latter approach is a special case of our more general one which allows for parton entanglement in high-energy reactions. We discuss signatures of parton entanglement in the Drell-Yan reaction. Also for Higgs-boson production in pp collisions via gluon-gluon annihilation effects of entanglement of the two gluons are discussed and are found to be potentially important. These effects can be looked for in the current LHC experiments. In our opinion studying parton-entanglement effects in high-energy reactions is, on the one hand, very worthwhile by itself and, on the other hand, it allows to perform quantitative tests of standard factorisation assumptions. Clearly, the experimental observation of parton-entanglement effects in the Drell-Yan reaction and/or in Higgs-boson production would have a great impact on our understanding how QCD works in high-energy collisions.
description: 43 pages, v2: Some additional comments and references
Conflict Talk: A Discourse Analytical Perspective
Creators: name: Leung, Santoi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Functional discourse grammar
Discourse analysis
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: This paper surveys research in the area of conflict talk, focusing on discourse analytical studies of actual, naturally occurring conflict talk. The paper begins with a brief discussion on how conflict talk has been conceptualized. Then the scope of the paper is defined as focusing on discourse analytical studies that examine actual instances of conflict talk within a framework of argument as a situated, local interactional accomplishment. Next, some of the mechanisms and important factors by which conflict talk can be initiated, maintained or escalated, and terminated are reviewed. Finally, the methodological issue of missing data is considered, and a call is made for more detailed analyses of conflict talk in a variety of contexts.
On Three Potential Sources of Comprehensible Input for Second Language Acquisition
Creators: name: Sung Park, Eun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers--Methodology
Comprehension
Second language acquisition--Methodology
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: Three potential sources of comprehensible input for second language acquisition are examined: Modified Input, Interactionally Modified Input and Modified Output. To this end, an attempt is made to closely investigate how each type of linguistic environment facilitates learner comprehension, and subsequently, acquisition. Different theoretical claims as well as a number of empirical studies are discussed in order to explore the link between different sources of input and language development. The paper concludes with a critical discussion of how the perceived comprehension actually leads to the acquisition of the features of the target language, and with suggestions for future research in this area.
Issues in Acquisitional Pragmatics
Creators: name: Jung, Ji-Young
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Second language acquisition--Research
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers--Social aspects
Pragmatics
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: This paper aims at a comprehensive review of the growing body of research in L2 pragmatic acquisition, including both theoretical discussions and empirical studies to date. To this end, the paper deals with a number of issues which are grouped into four broad categories: the essential constituents of pragmatic competence, models of pragmatic development, major processes of pragmatic competence, and various factors affecting pragmatic development. Throughout the paper, it is shown that cultural knowledge is of central importance in pragmatic competence and that such knowledge can be acquired through language-mediated social interactions. Furthermore, a learner’s unconditional adoption of a new set of cultural beliefs and values is unrealistic due to the unresolved conflict between L2 norms of speaking and the learner’s needs and beliefs about the ways of being in the world. Given these perspectives, this paper points to the need for a holistic approach to L2 pragmatic development, taking into account both the intra-learner, psychological and the inter-learner, sociocultural aspects of learning. The paper concludes with the suggestion that L2 pragmatic competence be discussed in terms of intercultural competence involving the learner’s continuous identity and attitude formation, rather than the acquisition of prescribed behavioral rules of speaking.
Managing Disagreement to Avoid Confrontation in Sports Talk Radio
Creators: name: O’Connell, Stephen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Radio broadcasting--Research
Conversation analysis
Quarreling
Radio broadcasting of sports
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: In this paper the nature of disagreement in sports talk radio is examined. It is a widely held notion that talk radio in general is an argumentative and disputatious, if not hostile, forum in which people exchange ideas. Using the research methods of conversation analysis, an initial study of disagreement in sports talk radio appears to support that idea – meaning that disagreements are made without the mollifying techniques ordinarily used in face-to-face talk. However, looking at those disagreements more closely reveals that they tend not to devolve into confrontation on sports talk radio programs. This paper focuses on the methods employed by both callers and hosts to achieve this feat and thus demonstrates that the stereotype of talk radio being confrontational and hostile does not apply to the specific genre of sports talk radio.
Letter from Jonathan Abbatt to Mary Dilworth (later Abbatt), May 13, 1853
Creators: name: Abbatt, Jonathan, 1829-1905
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Courtship
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/881873
subject: Man-woman relationships
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1007080
subject: Families
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1728849
subject: Quakers
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1084913
subject: Marriage
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1010443
subject: Quakers--Family relationships
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1084922
subject: Man-woman relationships--Religious aspects
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1007090
subject: Interpersonal relations
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/977397
subject: Faith
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1198492

description: This letter is part of a series of courtship correspondence between Jonathan Abbatt and Mary Dilworth (later Abbatt). The Abbatt family was a Quaker family who lived in the towns and villages of Preston, Ribchester, and Garstang in Lancashire, England. The letters chronicle the courtship, discussions of faith, local events, shared sentiments, etc. Mary sometimes addressed as Polly in the letters. Please note that the months on the letters’ dates were added as numerical values rather than the month's name (e.g. 2 Mo = February). Jonathan writes that his sister isn't free to meet with her as he was hoping, so instead he asks if he can walk down to visit. He includes his sister's letter so that Mary can see why she wasn't able to come. He asks Mary whether she knows about the passing of Isaac Wilcockson's child.
Ultracold neutron depolarization in magnetic bottles
Creators: name: Steyerl, A.
name: Kaufman, C.
name: Müller, G.
name: Malik, S. S.
name: Desai, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the depolarization of ultracold neutrons confined in a magnetic field configuration similar to those used in existing or proposed magneto-gravitational storage experiments aiming at a precise measurement of the neutron lifetime. We use an extension of the semi-classical Majorana approach as well as an approximate quantum mechanical analysis, both pioneered by Walstrom et al. [Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 599, 82 (2009)]. In contrast with this previous work we do not restrict the analysis to purely vertical modes of neutron motion. The lateral motion is shown to cause the predominant depolarization loss in a magnetic storage trap. The system studied also allowed us to estimate the depolarization loss suffered by ultracold neutrons totally reflected on a non-magnetic mirror immersed in a magnetic field. This problem is of preeminent importance in polarized neutron decay studies such as the measurement of the asymmetry parameter A using ultracold neutrons, and it may limit the efficiency of ultracold neutron polarizers based on passage through a high magnetic field.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Assessing Listening
Creators: name: Wagner, Elvis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Second language acquisition
Listening--Research
Listening--Ability testing
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: Over the past two decades, there has been a great deal of attention devoted to the teaching, learning, and testing of second language (L2) listening ability. This increased attention is due (at least in part) to the realization of the importance of listening in language learning (Rubin, 1994). For first language learners, virtually all linguistic input is through the aural mode. While the linguistic input for second language learners is usually not entirely aural, the importance of listening in learning a second language cannot be understated. While there has been an increased research focus on L2 listening, there is still much work that needs to be done. As the editors of the Cambridge Language Assessment Series (Charles Alderson and Lyle Bachman) state in the preface, “The assessment of listening abilities is one of the least understood, least developed and yet one of the most important areas of language testing and assessment” (p. x). Gary Buck has been on the vanguard of this wave of listening research, and this book is an important contribution to our knowledge base.
Situation Awareness Application
Creators: name: Mou, Judy
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2013
Subjects: situation awareness
android
earthquakes
sensor network
Computer Science
weather station

description: This thesis describes the design and implementation of a situation awareness application. The application gathers data from sensors including accelerometers for monitoring earthquakes, carbon monoxide sensors for monitoring fires, radiation detectors, and dust sensors. The application also gathers Internet data sources including data about traffic congestion on daily commute routes, information about hazards, news relevant to the user of the application, and weather. The application sends the data to a Cloud computing service which aggregates data streams from multiple sites and detects anomalies. Information from the Cloud service is then displayed by the application on a tablet, computer monitor, or television screen. The situation awareness application enables almost all members of a community to remain aware of critical changes in their environments.
Procyonidae Gray 1825
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Procyonidae

description: Family Procyonidae REVIEWED BY: S. Kortlucke (SK); J. Ramirez-Pulido (JRP) (Mexico). ISIS NUMBER: 5301412003000000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
Sentence Processing within the Competition Model
Creators: name: Year, JungEun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Language acquisition--Research
Psycholinguistics--Methodology
English language--Sentences--Study and teaching
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: The Competition Model was developed to account for sentence processing as well as language acquisition (MacWhinney & Bates, 1989). Based on lexical functionalism, the model assumes that language processing is an interactive process of form-function mappings mediated by competition and cooperation among lexical items. It also draws on connectionist modeling, and thus stresses the importance of frequency and the information value of linguistic input. The purpose of this paper is to review the Competition Model through a brief discussion of its main principles and empirical studies. The first part of the paper briefly reviews two major theoretical approaches in sentence processing research. In the next section, the Competition Model is presented with its theoretical background, principles, and predictions. Then, empirical studies investigating sentence processing within the model will be discussed. Finally, the paper will conclude with a discussion of methodological issues.
The ultraluminous GRB 110918A
Creators: name: Frederiks, D. D.
name: Hurley, K.
name: Svinkin, D. S.
name: Pal'shin, V. D.
name: Mangano, V.
name: Oates, S.
name: Aptekar, R. L.
name: Golenetskii, S. V.
name: Mazets, E. P.
name: Oleynik, Ph. P.
name: Tsvetkova, A. E.
name: Ulanov, M. V.
name: Kokomov, A. V.
name: Cline, T. L.
name: Burrows, D. N.
name: Krimm, H. A.
name: Pagani, C.
name: Sbarufatti, B.
name: Siegel, M. H.
name: Mitrofanov, I. G.
name: Golovin, D.
name: Litvak, M. L.
name: Sanin, A. B.
name: Boynton, W.
name: Fellows, C.
name: Harshman, K.
name: Enos, H.
name: Starr, R.
name: von Kienlin, A.
name: Rau, A.
name: Zhang, X.
name: Goldstein, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GRB 110918A is the brightest long GRB detected by Konus-WIND during its 19 years of continuous observations and the most luminous GRB ever observed since the beginning of the cosmological era in 1997. We report on the final IPN localization of this event and its detailed multiwavelength study with a number of space-based instruments. The prompt emission is characterized by a typical duration, a moderare $E_{peak}$ of the time-integrated spectrum, and strong hard-to-soft evolution. The high observed energy fluence yields, at z=0.984, a huge isotropic-equivalent energy release $E_{iso}=(2.1\pm0.1)\times10^{54}$ erg. The record-breaking energy flux observed at the peak of the short, bright, hard initial pulse results in an unprecedented isotropic-equivalent luminosity $L_{iso}=(4.7\pm0.2)\times10^{54}$erg s$^{-1}$. A tail of the soft gamma-ray emission was detected with temporal and spectral behavior typical of that predicted by the synchrotron forward-shock model. Swift/XRT and Swift/UVOT observed the bright afterglow from 1.2 to 48 days after the burst and revealed no evidence of a jet break. The post-break scenario for the afterglow is preferred from our analysis, with a hard underlying electron spectrum and ISM-like circumburst environment implied. We conclude that, among multiple reasons investigated, the tight collimation of the jet must have been a key ingredient to produce this unusually bright burst. The inferred jet opening angle of 1.7-3.4 deg results in reasonable values of the collimation-corrected radiated energy and the peak luminosity, which, however, are still at the top of their distributions for such tightly collimated events. We estimate a detection horizon for a similar ultraluminous GRB of $z\sim7.5$ for Konus-WIND, and $z\sim12$ for Swift/BAT, which stresses the importance of GRBs as probes of the early Universe.
description: 22 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Use of Mnemonics in Learning Novel Foreign Vocabulary: Help or Hindrance?
Creators: name: Liu, Yeu-Ting
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Second language acquisition--Methodology
Vocabulary--Study and teaching
Mnemonics
Education
Educational technology
Educational tests and measurements
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers
Language and languages--Study and teaching
Language and languages

description: Research has consistently indicated that the use of mnemonic devices substantially enhances higher levels of retention in immediate recall of second language vocabulary words in comparison with other learning strategies. However, the evidence does not explain why the immediate benefits of mnemonic devices fail to extend to long-term retention. In addition, research on mnemonics has drawn mostly on the assessment of phonetic-hospitable languages such as English (as opposed to image-hospitable languages such as Chinese). To examine the use of mnemonic devices more thoroughly, this review will draw on psychological research on memory to discuss the efficacy of mnemonic methods, as opposed to rote rehearsal, in learning vocabulary in phonetic- and image-hospitable languages.
Asset Stripping, Rule of Law and Firm Survival: The Hoff-Stiglitz Model and Mass Privatization in Montenegro
Creators: name: Koman, Matjaz
name: Lakicevicb, Milan
name: Prasnikarc, Janez
name: Svejnar, Jan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Asset stripping (Corporations)
Privatization
Economics

description: We provide the first test of the Hoff and Stiglitz (2004) model predicting whether and under what conditions mass privatizations are accompanied by asset stripping. In addition to directly testing the theory, we also tackle an important policy-oriented issue of why a large number of efficient firms disappeared during mass privatization in a booming economy of Montenegro. Econometrically, we present the first study to look at firms that disappeared during a mass privatization transition, improving upon prior studies that focused only on existing firms and assumed away survival bias. Our analysis suggests that asset stripping and firm disappearance were present, and that asset stripping was a likely reason for the loss of efficient firms. We show that because more productive firms were liquidated, it is important to model survival bias in the selection of firms remaining in samples when estimating the effects of privatization or other ownership changes. We also show that one needs to distinguish between true start-ups and liquidated firms that re-appear as start-ups. In the absence of the rule of law, many firms that appear to have disappeared were in fact appropriated by managers and politically connected individuals.
Supplementary Data Tables 1-4 from Prolonged recovery time after eruptive disturbance of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent community
Creators: name: Mullineaux, L. S.
name: S. W. Mills
name: N. Le Bris
name: S. E. Beaulieu
name: S. M. Sievert
name: L. N. Dykman
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Table 1. Abundance of species and morphogroups on post-eruption sandwiches (at P-vent) and pre-eruption blocks (at East Wall). Recovery date (months since 2006 eruption), deployment habitat (H=Hot, W=Warm, C=Cool), sample ID, and recovery temperature (C) are presented for each sample. ND = no temperature data recorded. Table 2. Kruskal Wallace (K-W) analysis of variation in abundance over time of prominent species colonizing sandwiches at P-vent. Table 3. Species from regional pool near P-vent that were not observed as colonists during the initial 11 years after the 2006 eruption. List was filtered from Desbruyères et al (2006) to include only species identifiable by the techniques used in this study and in the size range (macrofauna and larger), mobility category (sedentary), and thermal environment (<30℃) sampled by sandwiches. Region included 9°N and 13°N. A total of 91 species and morphogroups, including the 68 found as colonists in pre- and post-eruption monitoring, are included in the relevant species pool.;Abundance of species and morphogroups on post-eruption sandwiches (at P-vent) and pre-eruption blocks (at East Wall). Recovery date (months since 2006 eruption), deployment habitat (H=Hot, W=Warm, C=Cool), sample ID, and recovery temperature (°C) are presented for each sample. ND = no temperature data recorded ;Kruskal Wallace (K-W) analysis of variation in abundance over time of prominent species colonizing sandwiches at P-vent.;Pearson correlation matrices for nMDS plots from Hot (a), Warm (b) and Cool (c) habitat, corresponding to Fig. 4 a-c. Samples designated by date (months post-eruption, or pre-eruption) and recovery temperature (°C).;Species from regional pool near P-vent that were not observed as colonists during the initial 11 years after the 2006 eruption. List was filtered from Desbruyères et al (2006) to include only species identifiable by the techniques used in this study and in the size range (macrofauna and larger), mobility category (sedentary), and thermal environment (<30℃) sampled by sandwiches. Region included 9°N and 13°N. A total of 91 species and morphogroups, including the 68 found as colonists in pre- and post-eruption monitoring, are included in the relevant species pool.
Final EuroNNAc and EEAC Report
Creators: name: ARIES WP5 Members
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This report presents a short summary of the outcome of work progress in the tasks of the European Network for Novel Accelerators (EuroNNAc) and the status of European strategies for plasma accelerators and dielectric accelerators. The European Advanced Accelerator Concepts workshops were held in 2017 and 2019, they serve as a growing forum for discussions and coordination of activities and are reported on. The WP5 work led, amongst others, to the advance of a new European research Infrastructure EuPRAXIA, coordinated input to the European Strategy for Particle Physics and finally to the recent formation of a
 European Expert Panel for the contribution of this field of science to Particle Physics.
description: {"references": ["ARIES Del5.2"]}
#Crunchy: The Construction of Scientific and Medical Expertise and Knowledge in the Crunchy Community on TikTok
Creators: name: Casner, Megan
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: TikTok
subject: Expertise
subject: Construction of Expertise
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The Covid-19 pandemic brought many truths into sharp focus. One of these truths is the unstable foundations of scientific knowledge and expertise. Like anything else, they are social constructs. What defines scientific knowledge and expertise changes for different groups and people. This paper explores how the "crunchy" community on TikTok define and construct their expertise and knowledge on health and science. These creators, since they are outside the realm of traditional scientific authority, are faced with the challenge of convincing people of their beliefs. Through their content, crunchy creators build their own hybrid expertise, combining the language of science and their own personal experiences as living examples of the merits of their lifestyle.
Does Wealth Inequality Matter for Growth? The Effect of Billionaire Wealth, Income Distribution, and Poverty
Creators: name: Bagchi, Sutirtha
name: Svejnar, Jan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Income distribution
Economic development
Wealth
Economics

description: A fundamental question in social sciences relates to the effect of wealth inequality on economic growth. Yet, in tackling the question, researchers have had to use income as a proxy for wealth. We derive a global measure of wealth inequality from Forbes magazine’s listing of billionaires and compare its effect on growth to the effects of income inequality and poverty. We find that wealth inequality reduces economic growth, but when we control for the fact that some billionaires acquired wealth through political connections, the effect of politically connected wealth inequality is negative, while politically unconnected wealth inequality, income inequality, and initial poverty have no significant effect.
On the determination of the quasiparticle scattering rate in unconventional superconductors by microwave surface impedance
Creators: name: Cherpak, N. T.
name: Barannik, A. A.
name: Prozorov, R.
name: Tanatar, M.
name: Velichko, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the approximation of validity of the Drude expression for quasiparticle conductivity and the assumption that all electrons at T = 0 transform into a superfluide condensate, the expression for the quasiparticle scattering rate tau -1 in terms of the real and imaginary parts of the microwave surface impedance has been obtained. The resulting expression is a generalization of the well-known expression for tau^-1, valid for omega x tau is much less 1, to an arbitrary value of omega x tau, where omega is the frequency of the microwave field. From experimental Ka-band impedance measurements, temperature dependence of tau^-1 in superconducting single crystal pnictides Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 is obtained using the generalized expression. It is shown that under condition of the given work, the approximation omega x tau is much less 1 gives the considerable error in determination of tau^-1.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure
The Effect of Environmental Factors on Bilingualism Among Chinese and Korean Americans
Creators: name: Shum, Lisa L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Children of immigrants--Language
Asian Americans--Cultural assimilation
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers
Immigrants--Cultural assimilation
Education
Language and languages

description: For parents of immigrant children in the United States, the desire for their children to assimilate into the American culture and to learn English as quickly as possible is often mingled later with the frustration of not being able to communicate with their own children in the heritage or native language. While some immigrant children lose almost all ability to communicate in the heritage language, others grow up to be bilingual adults who are able to successfully maneuver between the two cultures. This paper will aim to explore some of the factors which have led some first and second generation Asian Americans to maintain the use of their heritage language and interest in their heritage culture. Specifically, factors such as exposure to the heritage language, personal motivation and family attitudes will be discussed.
Why Was The Feminine Mystique Such a Phenomenon?: A Clarification
Creators: name: Liang, Crystal
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Feminine Mystique
subject: Humanities
subject: FOS: Humanities
subject: Friendan, Betty

description: [Introduction] Since The Feminine Mystique was published in 1963, it has become so influential that it has gathered a mystique of its own. The controversial book has drawn both high praise for "[pulling] the trigger on history" and strong criticism from conservative groups for threatening family values, as well as from scholars for being riddled with methodological errors and for focusing only on white, middle-class women. Confusion abounds in the general public, too. In Stephanie Coontz’s A Strange Stirring, which is about the impact of Friedan’s book, Coontz reveals that many of the women that she interviewed in conducting research for her book believed that they had read it when in fact they had not, and, furthermore, that they often had completely erroneous ideas about its contents (Coontz xvi).
Language socialization: Themes and advances in research
Creators: name: Leung, Santoi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Second language acquisition
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers
Sociolinguistics--Research
Language and languages
Education

description: This paper reviews the work by researchers employing a language socialization (LS) perspective in attempts to bring social factors into SLA theory. Second language socialization research conceptualizes second language learners as novices being socialized into not only a target language but also a target culture. The paper overviews the theoretical underpinnings of LS and then presents some of the overlapping themes that unite research in the first and second language fields. Recent advances in LS research in the second language field are considered and finally some concluding comments regarding the value of SLS and directions for future research are made.
On nonlocality as a resource theory and nonlocality measures
Creators: name: de Vicente, Julio I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of device independent quantum information processing, nonlocality is nowadays regarded as a resource to implement various tasks. On the analogy of entanglement theory we approach nonlocality from this perspective. In order to do so, we analyze in full detail the operations that can be implemented in this scenario and under which nonlocality cannot increase. This provides a theoretical ground to study how to order and quantify nonlocal behaviours. Finally, we review several nonlocality measures and discuss their validity from this point of view.
description: 21 pages. For the special issue "50 years of Bell's theorem"
U.S. Rice Distribution Patterns, 1972-73
Creators: name: Eiland, J. C.
name: Eiland, J. C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Rice
subject: distribution by size
subject: domestic market
subject: trends
subject: packaging
subject: specialty rice
subject: enriched

description: Rice distribution data for the 1972/73 marketing year are summarized from a mail survey of all known rice milling and repackaging firms in the United States. Data from previous such studies are used in making comparisons with other years, particularly 1971/72. Data shown include amounts of rice distributed for direct food use by States, regions, and territories, and by size of package, type of grain, and specialty rice. Quantities shipped to processors for use in principal products are shown, as well as trends in domestic distribution and use of rice and their relationship to certain factors. Government distribution to both civilian and military populations is shown. Also, there is related information such as percentage of rice packaged in consumer-sized packages, labeled under another firm's brand name, percentages distributed by mills and repackagers to wholesale, retail, and institutional outlets; and percentages of enriched rice distributed for direct food use in the United States and territories. In addition, information on talc-coated rice is shown.