cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Morphology and magneto-transport in exfoliated graphene on ultrathin crystalline \b{eta}-Si3N4(0001)/Si(111)
Creators: name: Salimian, Sedighe
name: Xiang, Shaohua
name: Colonna, Stefano
name: Ronci, Fabio
name: Fosca, Marco
name: Rossella, Francesco
name: Beltram, Fabio
name: Flammini, Roberto
name: Heun, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first experimental study of graphene transferred on \b{eta}-Si3N4(0001)/Si(111). Our work provides a comprehensive quantitative understanding of the physics of ultrathin Si3N4 as a gate dielectric for graphene-based devices. The Si3N4 film was grown on Si(111) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions and investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Subsequently, a graphene flake was deposited on top of it by a polymer-based transfer technique, and a Hall bar device was fabricated from the graphene flake. STM was employed again to study the graphene flake under UHV conditions after device fabrication and showed that surface quality is preserved. Electrical transport measurements, carried out at low temperature in magnetic field, revealed back gate modulation of carrier type and density in the graphene channel and showed the occurrence of weak localization. Under these experimental conditions, no leakage current between back gate and graphene channel was detected.
Additional file 1 of Psychotherapy or medication for depression? Using individual symptom meta-analyses to derive a Symptom-Oriented Therapy (SOrT) metric for a personalised psychiatry
Creators: name: Kappelmann, Nils
name: Rein, Martin
name: Fietz, Julia
name: Mayberg, Helen S.
name: W. Edward Craighead
name: Boadie W. Dunlop
name: Nemeroff, Charles B.
name: Keller, Martin
name: Klein, Daniel N.
name: Arnow, Bruce A.
name: Husain, Nusrat
name: Jarrett, Robin B.
name: Vittengl, Jeffrey R.
name: Menchetti, Marco
name: Parker, Gordon
name: Barber, Jacques P.
name: Bastos, Andre G.
name: Dekker, Jack
name: Peen, Jaap
name: Keck, Martin E.
name: Kopf-Beck, Johannes
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Search Strategy for Identification of RCTs of Psychotherapy versus Pharmacotherapy for Depression.
VALUING BOTANIC COLLECTIONS: A COMBINED TRAVEL-COST AND CONTINGENT VALUATION SURVEY IN AUSTRALIA
Creators: name: Mwebaze, Paul
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Mwebaze, Paul
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Economic value
subject: botanic gardens
subject: biological collections
subject: willingness to pay
subject: travel-cost method
subject: contingent valuation method.

description: The economic value of biological collections in three major botanic gardens in Australia was estimated using the Travel-Cost (TC) and Contingent Valuation (CV) methods. The study used truncated count data models to control for the non-negative integer and truncation properties of the number of visits to botanic gardens in Canberra, Melbourne and Sydney. We estimate consumer surplus values of approximately $34 per trip to each botanic garden, resulting in the total social welfare estimate of approximately $96.9 million in 2010 Australian dollars. This result is relatively high compared to similar studies conducted in other countries. Willingness to pay (WTP) for entry fees and or higher parking charges for access to botanic gardens were also investigated. Results indicate a positive mean WTP of approximately $3-$4 per trip per person. These findings will be useful for resource management decisions in the botanic gardens and other biological collections in Australia.
Anatomy of three-body decay I. Schematic models
Creators: name: Garrido, E.
name: Fedorov, D. V.
name: Jensen, A. S.
name: Fynbo, H. O. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sequential three-body decay proceeds via spatially confined quasi-stationary two-body configurations. Direct three-body decay populates the three-body continuum without intermediate steps. The relative importance of these decay modes is discussed in a schematic model employing only Coulomb or centrifugal barrier potentials. Decisive dimensionless charge, mass and energy ratios are derived. Sequential decay is usually favored for charged particles. Small charge and small mass of high energy is preferably emitted first. Without Coulomb potential the sequential decay is favored except when both resonance energy and intermediate two-body energy are large.
description: To be published in Nuclear Physics A
Estimations of the price transmission and market power in canola export market: implication to canola import of Japan
Creators: name: Nakajima, Toru
name: Nakajima, Toru
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: asymetric price transmission
subject: TAR
subject: market power
subject: canola

description: In this paper, I analyze the price transmission of canola, or low erucic acid rapeseed, in the international market and the market power of canola exporting countries over one of the major importing countries, Japan. Canola oil production in Japan is almost completely dependent on the canola imported from Canada and Australia. The export from Canada generally accounts for more than 80% in recent years. Does Canada exercise market power over Japan? Does Canada have more market power than Australia in the Japanese canola market? What strategies should Japan have on canola import? To answer these questions, firstly I conducted an empirical analysis of asymmetric price transmission (APT), in which the speed of adjustments of the output price after the input price increases or decreases is different; the existence of APT possibly implies the existence of market power. Widely used threshold autoregressive (TAR) model was applied to test the existence of APT from futures price in Winnipeg to the Canadian FOB price of canola for each country. Significant APT was found in the Canadian canola export to Japan in such a way that Canada enjoyed long-lasting excess profits over Japan. Moreover, such tendency became more evident in recent years when Canada expanded and diversified export counterparts of canola. To answer the second question and establish the relationship between APT and market power, I estimated the market power of Canada and Australia over Japan when exporting canola. Considering the existence of adjustment process in canola exporting countries, linear-quadratic dynamic duopoly model was employed, in which the parameterized conjectural variations of both exporting countries were estimated. I found that Canada had intermediate level of market power. Meanwhile, I found that Australia had no market power, which means that the Australian canola prices are set at competitive level or price-taking level. Based on these empirical analyses, I drew some implications. The major implication is that Japan should diversify the origins of canola to avoid the use of market power of an exporting country. This paper also contributes in that it constructs the relationship between APT and market power empirically.
Black shells and naked shells
Creators: name: Pulido, Walter
name: Quevedo, Hernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the collapse of a thin dust shell from the point of view of the horizon dynamics. We identify the critical surfaces at which time and space coordinates interchange their roles and investigate their properties by using the formalism of trapped surfaces. We show the existence of marginally outer trapped surfaces that are associated with the presence of quasi-local horizons. A particular shell configuration that avoids the formation of horizons is interpreted as naked shell.
description: Typos corrected; references added; new sections and comments added
Light quarks with twisted mass fermions
Creators: name: Jansen, K.
name: Papinutto, M.
name: Shindler, A.
name: Urbach, C.
name: Wetzorke, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate Wilson twisted mass fermions in the quenched approximation using different definitions of the critical bare quark mass m_c to realize maximal twist and, correspondingly, automatic O(a) improvement for physical observables. A particular definition of m_c is given by extrapolating the value of m_c obtained from the PCAC relation at non-vanishing bare twisted quark mass mu to mu=0. Employing this improved definition of the critical mass the Wilson twisted mass formulation provides the possibility to perform reliable simulations down to very small quark masses with correspondingly small pion masses of m_pi \simeq 250 MeV, while keeping the cutoff effects of O(a^2) under control.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, v2: version accepted for publication in PLB, minor corrections
Accounting for Depletion of Oil and Gas Resources in Malaysia
Creators: name: Othman, Jamal
name: Jafari, Yaghoob
name: Othman, Jamal
name: Jafari, Yaghoob
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Sustainability
subject: Environmental Accounts
subject: Accounting

description: This paper provides an assessment of the changes in the availability of oil and gas resources in Malaysia. The physical and monetary balance sheets for crude oil and natural gas for the period 2000- 2007 was constructed. The net present value of expected future incomes to reflect the value of resource change was calculated based on a physical extraction and a resource rent scenario. Resource rent is gross operating surplus less the estimated user cost of produced capital in the crude oil and natural gas extraction industry. We obtained the gross operating surplus by subtracting the value of consumption of employees and net taxes on production cost from the value added of petroleum domestic products. Our findings noted serious reduction of oil reserves from 2001 – 2005, due to changes in crude oil prices, and thereafter the depletion rate decreased. Malaysia has depleted her natural gas reserves mainly in 2004 and 2005. Changes in reserves values were attributable more to price changes and new discoveries. Further, our study shows that the royalty rate paid by the state oil company, Petronas was far less than the estimated resource rent.
How to get to city hall : a civic space re-considered
Creators: name: Woodend, Avril
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Vancouver's present day city hall sits at 453 west 12th avenue in Vancouver. This thesis is a design exploration of the city hall site and the associated concept of 'civic space' as this relates to the design of public space in a contemporary urban setting. The methods of investigating the design problems posed by the site consist of 1) a literature review, which examines the work of designers and academics interested in civic space, and 2) a set of precedent studies. The precedent studies look at a broad range of other civic spaces and pubic facilities. These 2 elements form the theoretical framework for the design problem. The specific design exploration begins with a design framework derived from the literature review, the precedent studies, and site analysis. The framework emphasizes the relationship between civic space and civic life, the need for more physical and perceptual access to both city hall and local government, and the importance of improving the sense of ceremony and symbolism evident at the City Hall site. From the design framework the thesis study moves to graphic design explorations and looks at study options that were generated. A site program for City Hall is explored and finally a detailed site design including a master plan and detailed design drawings are presented. The design drawings generated incorporate the concepts highlighted in the design framework and provide a graphic exploration of the ways in which the civic space at Vancouver City Hall could be expanded and improved.
Additional file 10 of Psychotherapy or medication for depression? Using individual symptom meta-analyses to derive a Symptom-Oriented Therapy (SOrT) metric for a personalised psychiatry
Creators: name: Kappelmann, Nils
name: Rein, Martin
name: Fietz, Julia
name: Mayberg, Helen S.
name: W. Edward Craighead
name: Boadie W. Dunlop
name: Nemeroff, Charles B.
name: Keller, Martin
name: Klein, Daniel N.
name: Arnow, Bruce A.
name: Husain, Nusrat
name: Jarrett, Robin B.
name: Vittengl, Jeffrey R.
name: Menchetti, Marco
name: Parker, Gordon
name: Barber, Jacques P.
name: Bastos, Andre G.
name: Dekker, Jack
name: Peen, Jaap
name: Keck, Martin E.
name: Kopf-Beck, Johannes
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 10. Discussion on nominally significant treatment differences of psychotherapy and ADM for specific depressive symptoms.
Additional file 4 of Drought severity and all-cause mortality rates among adults in the United States: 1968–2014
Creators: name: Lynch, Katie M.
name: Lyles, Robert H.
name: Waller, Lance A.
name: Abadi, Azar M.
name: Bell, Jesse E.
name: Gribble, Matthew O.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Appendix IV. Forest Plots
D6.4 Monitoring and contributing to sensitive issues in ICT standardisation
Creators: name: StandICT.eu 2026
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This report presents the preliminary outcomes of the monitoring strategy for the StandICT.eu 2026 FOREST (Forum for European Strategy on ICT Standards) group, covering the first half of the project period from January 2023 to June 2024.
Boundary slopes (nearly) bound cyclic slopes
Creators: name: Mattman, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57M27

description: Let r_m and r_M be the least and greatest finite boundary slopes of a hyperbolic knot K in S^3. We show that any cyclic surgery slopes of K must lie in the interval (r_m - 1/2, r_M + 1/2).
description: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol5/agt-5-31.abs.html
Optical properties of YAG:Ce and GGG:Ce scintillation crystals irradiated with a high fluence proton beam
Creators: name: Baranov, V.
name: Davydov, Yu. I.
name: Mkrtchian, M.
name: Vasilyev, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we report on the study of the optical properties of YAG:Ce and GGG:Ce garnet crystals after irradiation in a 660~MeV proton beam with a fluence up to 8.9$\times$10$^{14}$ protons/cm$^2$. We found that the transparency of both crystals fell by no more than 7\% in the region of their own luminescence. The light yield of a YAG:Ce sample, measured one year after irradiation, dropped by about 35\%.
One Player Games versus Two Player Games: Comparing Agribusiness Cooperatives with Investor-Owned Business Models
Creators: name: Parker, Frederick
name: Parker, Frederick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Cooperatives
subject: Game Theory
subject: Collective Action
subject: Agricultural Economics
subject: Theory of the Firm

description: Cooperative business firms are prevalent in agribusiness, yet no concise generalized model exists to demonstrate how and why cooperative firms differ from, and may be selected over, the more common investor owned business firm. It is shown within a generic transaction game that cooperatives fill both producer and consumer roles as an aggregated player that is expected to maximize aggregate producer and consumer payoffs rather than maximizing either payoff separately, which contrasts with investor owned firms as essentially two player games between separate and competing producers and consumers where each player seeks to maximize their separate payoff individually. A cardinally valued game theoretic matrix is used to demonstrate the expected differences between these one-player versus two-player games, which clearly demonstrates that cooperatives are expected to achieve greater total payoffs and social welfare relative to investor owned firms, because investor owned firms generate dead weight loss when maximizing producer surpluses as expected under prevailing microeconomic theory. The use of cardinal payoff values rather than ordinal is important because it permits aggregation of payoffs within the model, and because it directly reflects the cardinal payoffs actually used in agribusiness decisions, such as revenue, expense and profit measures. The results may indicate the reason that cooperative firms are selected and have been successful in agribusiness. However, weaknesses of the cooperative model are also discussed, conjecturing that cooperatives may be preferable to investor owned businesses under limited circumstances but because these circumstances occur frequently in agribusiness the cooperative model is observed more frequently there.
Additional file 3 of Origins and characterization of variants shared between databases of somatic and germline human mutations
Creators: name: Meyerson, William
name: Leisman, John
name: Navarro, Fabio C. P.
name: Gerstein, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Supplemental Figure 3. Comparison of shared variants with somatically-unique and germline-unique variants along a range of genomic dimensions. Depending on the genomic dimension studied, shared variants better resemble either somatic values or germline values – or behave their own way. Units for each variable are scaled to make the set of all variants that are either somatic-unique or germline-unique have mean 0 and standard deviation 1.
The Effects of the Food Stamp Program on Energy Balance and Obesity
Creators: name: Parks, Joanna C.
name: Smith, Aaron D.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Parks, Joanna C.
name: Smith, Aaron D.
name: Alston, Julian M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Stamp Program (FSP)
subject: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
subject: obesity
subject: body mass index (BMI)
subject: nutrition assistance

description: The Effects of the Food Stamp Program on Energy Balance and Obesity
Additional file 2 of Origins and characterization of variants shared between databases of somatic and germline human mutations
Creators: name: Meyerson, William
name: Leisman, John
name: Navarro, Fabio C. P.
name: Gerstein, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplemental Figure 2. The somatic variant allele frequency (VAF) distribution of somatically-unique and germline-shared somatic variants.
Communicating Climate Change: A Literature Review
Creators: name: Parton, Kevin A.
name: Morrison, Mark
name: Parton, Kevin A.
name: Morrison, Mark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Climate change
subject: media
subject: scientists
subject: business
subject: government
subject: the general public
subject: literature review

description: For climate scientists, climate change is a problem that has a significant chance of having catastrophic environmental, social and economic consequences during the course of this century. In contrast, public opinion seems to regard with scepticism the pronouncements on climate change that emanate from the scientific community. Why the difference? This is what our research project was designed to examine. Or to put it another way: Assuming that the scientific information is correct, and that without a dramatic change in technology (and policy to promote such a change) there would be a significant risk of man-made, global catastrophe, what must be done to communicate this urgent issue to the public? We have approached the analysis of this problem by reviewing the literature on communicating climate change. By organising the literature according to the role of the major groups of participants in the information transfer process, useful insights can be gleaned. These groups include scientists, business, the government, the media and the general public. This analysis leads to an overall model of the information transfer process that highlights various issues including the role that the media plays as a lens through which the public observes scientific results.
Tuning the Selective Permeability of Polydisperse Polymer Networks
Creators: name: Kim, Won Kyu
name: Chudoba, Richard
name: Milster, Sebastian
name: Roa, Rafael
name: Kanduc, Matej
name: Dzubiella, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the permeability and selectivity (`permselectivity') of model membranes made of polydisperse polymer networks for molecular penetrant transport, using coarse-grained, implicit-solvent computer simulations. The permeability $\mathcal P$ is determined on the linear-response level using the solution-diffusion model, $\mathcal P = {\mathcal K}D_\text{in}$, $\textit{i.e.}$, by calculating the equilibrium penetrant partition ratio $\mathcal K$ and penetrant diffusivity $D_\text{in}$ inside the membrane. We vary two key parameters, namely the monomer-monomer interaction, which controls the degree of swelling and collapse of the network, and the monomer-penetrant interaction, which tunes the penetrant uptake and microscopic energy landscape for diffusive transport. The results for the partition ratio $\mathcal K$ cover four orders of magnitude and are non-monotonic versus the parameters, which is well interpreted by a second-order virial expansion of the free energy of transferring one penetrant from bulk into the polymeric medium. We find that the penetrant diffusivity $D_\text{in}$ in the polydisperse networks, in contrast to highly ordered membrane structures, exhibits relatively simple exponential decays and obeys well-known free-volume and Kramers' escape scaling laws. The eventually resulting permeability $\mathcal P$ thus resembles the qualitative functional behavior (including maximization and minimization) of the partitioning. However, partitioning and diffusion are anti-correlated, yielding large quantitative cancellations, controlled and fine-tuned by the network density and interactions as rationalized by our scaling laws. As a consequence, we finally demonstrate that even small changes of penetrant-network interactions, $\textit{e.g.}$, by half a $k_\text{B}T$, modify the permselectivity of the membrane by almost one order of magnitude.
Welfare Impacts of Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Trade Reforms
Creators: name: Laborde, David
name: Martin, William J.
name: Van Der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
name: Laborde, David
name: Martin, William J.
name: Van Der Mensbrugghe, Dominique
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agricultural trade
subject: nonagricultural trade
subject: trade distortions
subject: tariffs
subject: aggregation
subject: World Trade Organization
subject: WTO
subject: trade reform

description: The variability of protection rates within sectors is frequently particularly high in agriculture relative to non-agriculture. Standard aggregation procedures ignore the variability within sectors, and underweight the importance of highly protected sectors. It therefore seems likely that they underestimate the potential benefits of agricultural trade reform relative to non-agricultural reform. This study examines this question using a new procedure for aggregating trade distortions. It finds that the key impact of using better aggregators is to increase the benefits of both agricultural and non-agricultural reform. It finds that using optimal aggregation procedures increases the measured importance of agricultural trade reform relative to non-agricultural reform from a very high initial level, but only by around two percentage points.
Anatomy of three-body decay II. Decay mechanism and resonance structure
Creators: name: Garrido, E.
name: Fedorov, D. V.
name: Jensen, A. S.
name: Fynbo, H. O. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the hyperspherical adiabatic expansion method to discuss the the two mechanisms of sequential and direct three-body decay. Both short-range and Coulomb interactions are included. Resonances are assumed initially populated by a process independent of the subsequent decay. The lowest adiabatic potentials describe the resonances rather accurately at distances smaller than the outer turning point of the confining barrier. We illustrate with realistic examples of nuclei from neutron ($^{6}$He) and proton ($^{17}$Ne) driplines as well as excited states of beta-stable nuclei ($^{12}$C).
description: To be published in Nuclear Physics A
Evolution of energy metabolism in a lineage of orchid bees (Apidea : Euglossini) : from morphology to molecules
Creators: name: Darveau, Charles-Antoine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: During hovering flight, insects reach rates of energy production that are among the highest measured in the animal kingdom, making them ideal organisms in which to study the evolution of energy metabolism. The work presented in this thesis utilised a lineage of orchid bees that covers a 20-fold range in body mass (approximately 50 - 1000 mg) to address this issue. Body mass strongly affects flight energetics and contributes to variation in metabolic rate between species, providing a useful model to investigate the correlated evolution of wholeanimal flight energetics and the design of metabolic pathways involved in energy production. At the whole-animal level, I showed that the mass-specific metabolic rate ranged from 114.4 to 37.4 ml CO₂ hr⁻¹ g⁻¹ in small and large species respectively. Similar variation in hovering flight wingbeat frequency was found for small and large species, ranging from 250 to 86 Hz, suggesting a direct relationship between these two variables. Wingbeat frequency variation was further shown to be explained by wing size and wing loading. The method of phylogenetically independent contrasts was used to demonstrate the correlated evolution of body mass independent wing loading, wingbeat frequency and mass-specific metabolic rate. The biochemical correlates associated with metabolic rate variation were also studied in orchid bee flight muscles. The activity of several enzymes of glycolysis, Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain was measured. Only for the enzyme hexokinase (HK) was there a direct relationship between its activity and the mass-specific metabolic rate during hovering flight. The activity of HK ranged from 73.8 to 19.4 U g⁻¹ thorax in small and large species respectively. The activity of HK was correlated with mass-specific metabolic rate independent of body mass or phylogenetic relatedness. The role of HK as a regulator of glycolysis and its high control of overall pathway flux appears to explain this relationship. These studies represent the first example of the biochemical alterations needed (over evolutionary time) to support changes in animal size, which is explained by the form and function associated with flight. A model addressing the scaling of metabolic rate with animal size, including the concept of multiple contributors to metabolic rate, was developed. I proposed the concept of an allometric cascade, which integrates various effects of size on the multiple contributors to metabolism involved at various levels of organisation, and tested it using data from mammals. Together, the work presented in this thesis demonstrates that the effect of body mass on animal physiology has many facets, reflecting the various aspects of animal form and function.
Evidence for transient clumps and gas chemical evolution in the CS core of L673
Creators: name: Morata, Oscar
name: Girart, Josep Miquel
name: Estalella, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present FCRAO maps as well as combined BIMA and FCRAO maps of the high density molecular emission towards the CS core in the L673 region. With the FCRAO telescope, we mapped the emission in the CS(2-1), C34S(2-1), HCO+(1-0), and H13CO+(1-0) lines. The high density molecular emission, which arises from a filamentary structure oriented in the NW-SE direction, shows clear morphological differences for each molecule. We find that HCO+ has an extremely high optical depth, and that the H13CO+ emission is well correlated with submm sources. The BIMA and FCRAO combined maps recover emission from a lot of other structure which was previously undetected or only marginally detected, and show an overall aspect of a filamentary structure connecting several intense clumps. We found a total 15 clumps in our combined data cube, all of them resolved by our angular resolution, with diameters in the 0.03-0.09 pc range. We find a clear segregation between the northern and southern region of the map: the northern section shows the less chemically evolved gas and less massive but more numerous clumps, while the southern region is dominated by the largest and most massive clump, and contains the more evolved gas, as traced by emission of late-time molecules. We find that the derived clump masses are below the virial mass, and that the clumps masses become closer to the virial mass when they get bigger and more massive. This supports the idea that these clumps must be transient, and only the more massive ones have a chance to last long enough to form stars. The clumps we detect are probably in an earlier evolutionary stage than the ``starless cores'' reported recently in the literature. Only the most massive one has properties similar to a ``starless core''.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics; minor revisions after language editing
Use of antimicrobials for animals in New Zealand, and in comparison with other countries
Creators: name: Hillerton, JE
name: Irvine, CR
name: Bryan, MA
name: Scott, D
name: Merchant, SC
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: AIM: To describe the use of antimicrobial drugs for food animals in New Zealand, based on sales data reported to government, changes over time, and in comparison with other countries and human use. METHODS: Data were sourced from official government and industry reports covering 26 European countries, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States of America in 2012, the last year data were available for all countries. The data included antimicrobial sales, and animal and human populations. Antimicrobial use was estimated based on the amount of active ingredient sold, per standardised biomass (population correction unit). RESULTS: The estimated usage of antimicrobials for food animals in New Zealand for 2012 was 9.4 mg active ingredient/kg biomass. Total sales of antimicrobials between 2005–14 increased on average by 2.5% or 1.5 tonnes per year. Over the same time total animal biomass decreased by an estimated 4.3%, with the main decrease being in sheep (25%) and beef cattle (17%), while dairy cattle increased (28%). In the countries examined, the estimated usage of antimicrobials in food producing animals in 2012 varied from 3.8 to 341 mg active ingredient/kg biomass, in Norway and Italy, respectively, with use in New Zealand being the third lowest. Usage of antimicrobials for human health in New Zealand in 2012 was estimated at 121 mg active ingredient/kg biomass, being ranked sixteenth of the countries compared. Use in humans was 12.9 times the use in animals. CONCLUSIONS: New Zealand was the third lowest user of antimicrobials in animal production and used much less than in human medicine. This is the first report of baseline data which may be used by the New Zealand animal health industry to develop, and measure success in, approaches to maximise the life of antimicrobials for animal health and welfare. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: New Zealand veterinarians will soon have to make changes to adopt the World Health Organisation’s global action plan to manage antimicrobial resistance. Having a benchmark of current antimicrobial use will inform priorities and allow measurement of the impact of future programmes.
Additional file 3 of Drought severity and all-cause mortality rates among adults in the United States: 1968–2014
Creators: name: Lynch, Katie M.
name: Lyles, Robert H.
name: Waller, Lance A.
name: Abadi, Azar M.
name: Bell, Jesse E.
name: Gribble, Matthew O.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Appendix III. Sensitivity Analyses
An approximate sampling formula under genetic hitchhiking
Creators: name: Etheridge, Alison
name: Pfaffelhuber, Peter
name: Wakolbinger, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D15 (Primary) 60J80, 60J85, 60K37, 92D10 (Secondary)

description: For a genetic locus carrying a strongly beneficial allele which has just fixed in a large population, we study the ancestry at a linked neutral locus. During this ``selective sweep'' the linkage between the two loci is broken up by recombination and the ancestry at the neutral locus is modeled by a structured coalescent in a random background. For large selection coefficients $α$ and under an appropriate scaling of the recombination rate, we derive a sampling formula with an order of accuracy of $\mathcal{O}((\log α)^{-2})$ in probability. In particular we see that, with this order of accuracy, in a sample of fixed size there are at most two nonsingleton families of individuals which are identical by descent at the neutral locus from the beginning of the sweep. This refines a formula going back to the work of Maynard Smith and Haigh, and complements recent work of Schweinsberg and Durrett on selective sweeps in the Moran model.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051606000000114 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Efficient Stark deceleration of cold polar molecules
Creators: name: Hudson, Eric R.
name: Bochinski, J. R.
name: Lewandowski, H. J.
name: Sawyer, Brian C.
name: Ye, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stark deceleration has been utilized for slowing and trapping several species of neutral, ground-state polar molecules generated in a supersonic beam expansion. Due to the finite physical dimension of the electrode array and practical limitations of the applicable electric fields, only molecules within a specific range of velocities and positions can be efficiently slowed and trapped. These constraints result in a restricted phase space acceptance of the decelerator in directions both transverse and parallel to the molecular beam axis; hence, careful modeling is required for understanding and achieving efficient Stark decelerator operation. We present work on slowing of the hydroxyl radical (OH) elucidating the physics controlling the evolution of the molecular phase space packets both with experimental results and model calculations. From these results we deduce experimental conditions necessary for efficient operation of a Stark decelerator.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Strongly coupled QFT dynamics via TQFT coupling
Creators: name: Ünsal, Mithat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a class of quantum field theories and quantum mechanics, which we couple to $\mathbb Z_N$ topological QFTs, in order to classify non-perturbative effects in the original theory. The $\mathbb Z_N$ TQFT structure arises naturally from turning on a classical background field for a $\mathbb Z_N$ 0- or 1-form global symmetry. In $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills theory coupled to $\mathbb Z_N$ TQFT, the non-perturbative expansion parameter is $\exp[-S_I/N]= \exp[-{8 π^2}/{g^2N}]$ both in the semi-classical weak coupling domain and strong coupling domain, corresponding to a fractional topological charge configurations. To classify the non-perturbative effects in original $SU(N)$ theory, we must use $PSU(N)$ bundle and lift configurations (critical points at infinity) for which there is no obstruction back to $SU(N)$. These provide a refinement of instanton sums: integer topological charge, but crucially fractional action configurations contribute, providing a TQFT protected generalization of resurgent semi-classical expansion to strong coupling. Monopole-instantons (or fractional instantons) on $T^3 \times S^1_L$ can be interpreted as tunneling events in the 't Hooft flux background in the $PSU(N)$ bundle. The construction provides a new perspective to the strong coupling regime of QFTs and resolves a number of old standing issues, especially, fixes the conflicts between the large-$N$ and instanton analysis. We derive the mass gap at $θ=0$ and gaplessness at $θ=π$ in $\mathbb{CP}^{1}$ model, and mass gap for arbitrary $θ$ in $\mathbb{CP}^{N-1}, N \geq 3$ on $\mathbb R^2$.
description: 90 pages, 8 figures, Minor changes, Refs. added
Additional file 2 of Inhibition of lysine acetyltransferases impairs tumor angiogenesis acting on both endothelial and tumor cells
Creators: name: Martile, Marta Di
name: Gabellini, Chiara
name: Desideri, Marianna
name: Matraxia, Marta
name: Farini, Valentina
name: Valentini, Elisabetta
name: Carradori, Simone
name: Ercolani, Cristiana
name: Buglioni, Simonetta
name: Secci, Daniela
name: Andreazzoli, Massimiliano
name: Bufalo, Donatella Del
name: Trisciuoglio, Daniela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2.
Forest Carbon Sequestration under the U.S. Biofuel Energy Policies
Creators: name: Yoo, Do-Il
name: Skog, Kenneth E.
name: Ince, Peter J.
name: Kramp, Andrew D.
name: Yoo, Do-Il
name: Skog, Kenneth E.
name: Ince, Peter J.
name: Kramp, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Forest Products
subject: Carbon Sequestration
subject: Biofuel Policies
subject: HWP Contribution

description: This paper analyzes impacts of the U.S. biofuel energy policies on the carbon sequestration by forest products, which is expressed as Harvested Wood Products (HWP) Contribution under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Estimation for HWP Contribution is based on tracking carbon stock stored in wood and paper products in use and in solid-waste disposal sites (SWDS) from domestic consumption, harvests, imports, and exports. For this analysis, we hypothesize four alternative scenarios using the existing and pending U.S. energy policies by requirements for the share of biofuel to total energy consumption, and solve partial equilibrium for the U.S. timber market by 2030 for each scenario. The U.S. Forest Products Module (USFPM), created by USDA Forest Service Lab, operating within the Global Forest Products Model (GFPM) is utilized for projecting productions, supplies, and trade quantities for the U.S. timber market equilibrium. Based on those timber market components, we estimate scenario-specific HWP Contributions under the Production, the Stock Change, and the Atmospheric Approach suggested by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories using WOODCARB II created by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and modified by USDA Forest Service Lab. Lastly, we compare estimated results across alternative scenarios. Results show that HWP Contributions for the baseline scenario in 2009 for all approaches are estimated higher than estimates reported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 2011, (e.g., 22.64 Tg C/ year vs 14.80 Tg C/ year under the Production Approach), which is due to the economic recovery, especially in housing construction, assumed in USFPM/GFPM. Projected HWP Contribution estimates show that the Stock Change Approach, which used to provide the highest estimates before 2009, estimate HWP Contribution lowest after 2009 due to the declining annual net imports. Though fuel wood consumption is projected to be expanded as an alternative scenario requires higher wood fuel share to total energy consumption, the overall impacts on the expansion in other timber products are very modest across scenarios in USFPM/GFPM. Those negligible impacts lead to small differences of HWP Contribution estimates under all approaches across alternative scenarios. This is explained by the points that increasing logging residues are more crucial for expansion in fuel wood projections rather than the expansion of forest sector itself, and that the current HWP Contribution does not include carbon held in fuel wood products by its definition.
The magnetic sensitivity of the resonance and subordinate lines of Mg II in the solar chromosphere
Creators: name: Alemán, T. del Pino
name: Bueno, J. Trujillo
name: Casini, R.
name: Sainz, R. Manso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out a theoretical study of the polarization of the solar Mg II h-k doublet (including its extended wings) and the subordinate UV triplet around 280 nm. These lines are of great diagnostic interest, as they encode information on the physical properties of the solar atmosphere from the upper photosphere to the chromosphere-corona transition region. We base our study on radiative transfer calculations of spectral line polarization in one-dimensional models of quiet and plage regions of the solar atmosphere. Our calculations take into account the combined action of atomic polarization, quantum level interference, frequency redistribution, and magnetic fields of arbitrary strength. In particular, we study the sensitivity of the emergent Stokes profiles to changes in the magnetic field through the Zeeman and Hanle effects. We also study the impact of the chromospheric plasma dynamics on the emergent Stokes profiles, taking into account the angle-dependent frequency redistribution in the h-k resonance transitions. The results presented here are of interest for the interpretation of spectropolarimetric observations in this important region of the solar ultraviolet spectrum.
Yukawa Matrix for the Neutrino and Lepton Flavour Violation
Creators: name: Kanemura, S.
name: Matsuda, K.
name: Ota, T.
name: Shindou, T.
name: Takasugi, E.
name: Tsumura, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the magnitude of Lepton Flavour Violation (LFV) from the phase of the neutrino Yukawa matrix. In the minimal supersymmetric standard model with right-handed neutrinos, the LFV processes l_i \to l_j γcan appear through the slepton mixing, which comes from the renormalization group effect on the right-handed neutrino Yukawa interaction between the Grand Unified Theory scale and the heavy right-handed neutrino mass scale. Two types of phases exist in the neutrino Yukawa matrix. One is the Majorana phase, which can change the magnitude of the LFV branching ratios by a few factor. The other phases relate for the size of the Yukawa hierarchy and its phase effect can change the LFV branching ratios by several orders of magnitude.
description: Talk given by K. Tsumura at NuFact04, Osaka, Japan, July 26 - August 1,2004 - 3 pages, 2 figures
The Effect of Seafloor Weathering on Planetary Habitability
Creators: name: Chambers, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventionally, a habitable planet is one that can support liquid water on its surface. Habitability depends on temperature, which is set by insolation and the greenhouse effect, due mainly to CO2 and water vapor. The CO2 level is increased by volcanic outgassing, and decreased by continental and seafloor weathering. Here, I examine the climate evolution of Earth-like planets using a globally averaged climate model that includes both weathering types. Climate is sensitive to the relative contributions of continental and seafloor weathering, even when the total weathering rate is fixed. Climate also depends strongly on the dependence of seafloor weathering on CO2 partial pressure. Both these factors are uncertain. Earth-like planets have two equilibrium climate states: (i) an ice-free state where outgassing is balanced by both weathering types, and (ii) an ice-covered state where outgassing is balanced by seafloor weathering alone. The second of these has not been explored in detail before. For some planets, neither state exists, and the climate cycles between ice-covered and ice-free states. For some other planets, both equilibria exist, and the climate depends on the initial conditions. Insolation increases over time due to stellar evolution, so a planet usually encounters the ice-covered equilibrium first. Such a planet will remain ice-covered, even if the ice-free state appears subsequently, unless the climate receives a large perturbation. The ice-covered equilibrium state covers a large fraction of phase space for Earth-like planets. Many planets conventionally assigned to a star's habitable zone may be rendered uninhabitable as a result.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal