cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimal probabilistic measurement of phase
Creators: name: Marek, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When measuring phase of quantum states of light, the optimal single-shot measurement implements projection on the un-physical phase states. If we want to improve the precision further we need to accept a reduced probability of success, either by implementing a probabilistic measurement or by probabilistically manipulating the measured quantum state by means of noiseless amplification. We analyze the limits of this approach by finding the optimal probabilistic measurement which, for a given rate of success, maximizes the precision with which the phase can be measured.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Why the French bill against "Islamist separatism" goes beyond France, Islam and the separation of religion and state
Creators: name: Koca, Metin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Secularism
Democracy
Islam
Islamist separatism
French Values

description: Blog Post titled "Why the French bill against “Islamist separatism” goes beyond France, Islam and the separation of religion and state" Istanbul Bilgi University PRIME Youth Website. https://bpy.bilgi.edu.tr/en/blog/why-the-french-bill-against-islamist-separatism-go/
Boron Nitride Monolayer: A Strain-Tunable Nanosensor
Creators: name: Neek-Amal, M.
name: Beheshtian, J.
name: Sadeghi, A.
name: Michel, K. H.
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of triaxial in-plane strain on the electronic properties of a hexagonal boron-nitride sheet is investigated using density functional theory. Different from graphene, the triaxial strain localizes the molecular orbitals of the boron-nitride flake in its center depending on the direction of the applied strain. The proposed technique for localizing the molecular orbitals that are close to the Fermi level in the center of boron nitride flakes can be used to actualize engineered nanosensors, for instance, to selectively detect gas molecules. We show that the central part of the strained flake adsorbs polar molecules more strongly as compared with an unstrained sheet.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
Moderate deviations for the mildly stationary autoregressive models with dependent errors
Creators: name: Jiang, Hui
name: Yang, Guangyu
name: Yu, Mingming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider the normalized least squares estimator of the parameter in a mildly stationary first-order autoregressive (AR(1)) model with dependent errors which are modeled as a mildly stationary AR(1) process. By martingale methods, we establish the moderate deviations for the least squares estimators of the regressor and error, which can be applied to understand the near-integrated second order autoregressive processes. As an application, we also obtain the moderate deviations for the Durbin-Watson statistic.
description: 31 pages,8 figures, to be published by Statistics
Group theoretical construction of planar Noncommutative Phase Spaces
Creators: name: Ngendakumana, Ancille
name: Nzotungicimpaye, Joachim
name: Todjihounde, Leonard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noncommutative phase spaces are generated and classified in the framework of centrally extended anisotropic planar kinematical Lie groups as well as in the framework of noncentrally extended planar absolute time Lie groups. Through these constructions the coordinates of the phase spaces do not commute due to the presence of naturally introduced fields giving rise to minimal couplings. By symplectic realizations methods, physical interpretations of generators coming from the obtained structures are given.
Spatial logic of modal mu-calculus and tangled closure operators
Creators: name: Goldblatt, Robert
name: Hodkinson, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1; I.2.4
subject: 03B45, 54E35

description: There has been renewed interest in recent years in McKinsey and Tarski's interpretation of modal logic in topological spaces and their proof that S4 is the logic of any separable dense-in-itself metric space. Here we extend this work to the modal mu-calculus and to a logic of tangled closure operators that was developed by Fernández-Duque after these two languages had been shown by Dawar and Otto to have the same expressive power over finite transitive Kripke models. We prove that this equivalence remains true over topological spaces. We establish the finite model property in Kripke semantics for various tangled closure logics with and without the universal modality $\forall$. We also extend the McKinsey--Tarski topological `dissection lemma'. These results are used to construct a representation map (also called a d-p-morphism) from any dense-in-itself metric space $X$ onto any finite connected locally connected serial transitive Kripke frame. This yields completeness theorems over $X$ for a number of languages: (i) the modal mu-calculus with the closure operator $\Diamond$; (ii) $\Diamond$ and the tangled closure operators $\langle t \rangle$; (iii) $\Diamond,\forall$; (iv) $\Diamond,\forall,\langle t \rangle$; (v) the derivative operator $\langle d \rangle$; (vi) $\langle d \rangle$ and the associated tangled closure operators $\langle dt \rangle$; (vii) $\langle d \rangle,\forall$; (viii) $\langle d \rangle,\forall,\langle dt \rangle$. Soundness also holds, if: (a) for languages with $\forall$, $X$ is connected; and (b) for languages with $\langle d \rangle$, $X$ validates the well known axiom $\mathrm{G}_1$. For countable languages without $\forall$, we prove strong completeness. We also show that in the presence of $\forall$, strong completeness fails if $X$ is compact and locally connected.
title: Comparing different methods for the estimation of interbank intraday yield curves
Creators: name: Jeleskovic, Vahidin
name: Demertzidis, Anastasios
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Diebold-Li model
subject: e-MID
subject: interbank credit market
subject: intraday yield curve
subject: Nelson-Siegel model
subject: Swennsson model
subject: 330
subject: Interbankgeschäft
subject: Zinsstruktur

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
Fine's Theorem on First-Order Complete Modal Logics
Creators: name: Goldblatt, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03B45, 03C20, 06E25

description: Fine's influential Canonicity Theorem states that if a modal logic is determined by a first-order definable class of Kripke frames, then it is valid in its canonical frames. This article reviews the background and context of this result, and the history of its impact on further research. It then develops a new characterisation of when a logic is canonically valid, providing a precise point of distinction with the property of first-order completeness. The ultimate point is that the construction of the canonical frame of a modal algebra does not commute with the ultrapower construction.
Accumulation of motile elongated micro-organisms in turbulence
Creators: name: Zhan, Caijuan
name: Sardina, Gaetano
name: Lushi, Enkeleida
name: Brandt, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of turbulence on marine life by performing numerical simulations of motile microorganisms, modelled as prolate spheroids, in isotropic homogeneous turbulence. We show that the clustering and patchiness observed in laminar flows, linear shear and vortex flows, are significantly reduced in a three-dimensional turbulent flow mainly because of the complex topology; elongated micro-orgamisms show some level of clustering in the case of swimmers without any preferential alignment whereas spherical swimmers remain uniformly distributed. Micro-organisms with one preferential swimming direction (e.g. gyrotaxis) still show significant clustering if spherical in shape, whereas prolate swimmers remain more uniformly distributed. Due to their large sensitivity to the local shear, these elongated swimmers react slower to the action of vorticity and gravity and therefore do not have time to accumulate in a turbulent flow. These results show how purely hydrodynamic effects can alter the ecology of microorganisms that can vary their shape and their preferential orientation.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
"Gott spricht: 'Ich lasse dich nicht fallen und verlasse dich nicht'" (Jos 1,5b)
Creators: name: Sabutis, Mindaugas
Publisher: name: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt
Year: 1970

description: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Bd. 53 (2006): Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Band 53
Cover Systems for the Modalities of Linear Logic
Creators: name: Goldblatt, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03B47, 03B45, 03G10

description: Ono's modal FL-algebras are models of an extension of Full Lambek logic that has the modalities ! and ? of linear logic. Here we define a notion of modal FL-cover system that combines aspects of Beth-Kripke-Joyal semantics with Girard's interpretation of the ! modality, and has structured subsets that interpret propositions. We show that any modal FL-algebra can be represented as an algebra of propositions of some modal FL-cover system.
6.7GHz methanol maser variability in Cepheus A
Creators: name: Szymczak, M.
name: Wolak, P.
name: Bartkiewicz, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission from the well-studied star-forming region Cepheus A was monitored with the Torun 32 m radio telescope. We found synchronized and anticorrelated changes of the flux density of the two blueshifted and one redshifted maser features for ~30 per cent of 1340 d of our observations. Two of those features exhibited high amplitude flux density variations with periods of 84-87 d over the last 290 d interval of the monitoring. We also report on two flares of emission at two different redshifted velocities completely covered during the whole outburst. These flare events lasted 510-670 d and showed a very rapid linear rise and slow exponential decline, which may be caused by variability of the seed flux density. The flux density of the two strongest features dropped by a factor of 2-5 on a time-scale ~22 yr, while other features have not changed significantly during this period, but showed strong variability on time-scales <5 yr.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures
Jet quenching and heavy quarks
Creators: name: Renk, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jet quenching and more generally physics at high transverse momentum P_T scales is a cornerstone of the heavy-ion physics program at the LHC. In this work, the current understanding of jet quenching in terms of a QCD shower evolution being modified by the surrounding medium is reviewed along with the evidence for this picture from light parton high P_T observables. Conceptually, the same QCD shower description should also be relevant for heavy quarks, but with several important modifications introduced by the quark masses. Thus especially in the limit of small jet energy over quark mass E_jet/m_q, the relevant physics may be rather different from light quark jets, and several attempts to explain the observed phenomenology of heavy quarks at high P_T are discussed here.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, talk given at Strangeness in Quark Matter SQM 2013, 22nd - 27th July 2013 Birmingham, United Kingdom
Resolved Photometry of Vesta Reveals Physical Properties of Crater Regolith
Creators: name: Schröder, S. E.
name: Mottola, S.
name: Keller, H. U.
name: Raymond, C. A.
name: Russell, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During its year-long orbital mission, the Dawn spacecraft has mapped the surface of main-belt asteroid Vesta multiple times at different spatial resolutions and illumination and viewing angles. The onboard Framing Camera has acquired thousands of clear filter and narrow band images, which, with the availability of high-resolution global shape models, allows for a photometric characterization of the surface in unprecedented detail. We analyze clear filter images to retrieve the photometric properties of the regolith. In the first part of the paper we evaluate different photometric models for the global average. In the second part we use these results to study variations in albedo and steepness of the phase curve over the surface. Maps of these two photometric parameters show large scale albedo variations, which appear to be associated with compositional differences. They also reveal the location of photometrically extreme terrains, where the phase curve is unusually shallow or steep. We find that shallow phase curves are associated with steep slopes on crater walls and faults, as calculated from a shape model. On the other hand, the phase curve of ejecta associated with young impact craters is steep. We interpret these variations in phase curve slope in terms of physical roughness of the regolith. The lack of rough ejecta around older craters suggests that initially rough ejecta associated with impact craters on Vesta are smoothed over a relatively short time of several tens of Myr. We propose that this process is the result of impact gardening, and as such represents a previously unrecognized aspect of Vesta space weathering (Pieters et al., 2012). If this type of space weathering is common, we may expect to encounter this photometric phenomenon on other main belt asteroids.
description: 30 pages, 16 figures
Canonical extensions and ultraproducts of polarities
Creators: name: Goldblatt, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 00A99 (Primary), 08A40, 06E30 (Secondary)

description: J{ó}nsson and Tarski's notion of the perfect extension of a Boolean algebra with operators has evolved into an extensive theory of canonical extensions of lattice-based algebras. After reviewing this evolution we make two contributions. First it is shown that the failure of a variety of algebras to be closed under canonical extensions is witnessed by a particular one of its free algebras. The size of the set of generators of this algebra can be made a function of a collection of varieties and is a kind of Hanf number for canonical closure. Secondly we study the complete lattice of stable subsets of a polarity structure, and show that if a class of polarities is closed under ultraproducts, then its stable set lattices generate a variety that is closed under canonical extensions. This generalises an earlier result of the author about generation of canonically closed varieties of Boolean algebras with operators, which was in turn an abstraction of the result that a first-order definable class of Kripke frames determines a modal logic that is valid in its so-called canonical frames.
title: Preis-Courant von Milani-Minoprio, kleiner Hirschgraben No. 3; [1848]
title: Frankfurt/M. November 1848
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Verzeichnis von Lebensmittelpreisen
Long-time asymptotics for nonlocal porous medium equation with absorption or convection
Creators: name: Feo, Filomena
name: Huang, Yanghong
name: Volzone, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, the long-time asymptotic behaviours of nonlocal porous medium equations with absorption or convection are studied. In the parameter regimes when the nonlocal diffusion is dominant, the entropy method is adapted in this context to derive the exponential convergence of relative entropy of solutions in similarity variables.
Collective thermoelectrophoresis of charged colloids
Creators: name: Majee, Arghya
name: Würger, Alois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermally driven colloidal transport is, to a large extent, due to the thermoelectric or Seebeck effect of the charged solution.We show that, contrary to the generally adopted single-particle picture, the transport coefficient depends on the colloidal concentration. For solutions that are dilute in the hydrodynamic sense, collective effects may significantly affect the thermophoretic mobility. Our results provide an explanation for recent experimental observations on polyelectrolytes and charged particles and suggest that for charged colloids collective behavior is the rule rather than the exception.
Green galaxies in the COSMOS field
Creators: name: Pan, Zhizheng
name: Kong, Xu
name: Fan, Lulu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a research of morphologies, spectra and environments of $\approx$ 2350 "green valley" galaxies at $0.20.7$. At $z<0.7$, the fractions of $M_{\ast}<10^{10.0}M_{\sun}$ green galaxies located in dense environment are found to be significantly larger than those of blue galaxies. The morphological and spectral properties of green galaxies are consistent with the transiting population between blue cloud and red sequence. The possible mechanisms for quenching star formation activities in green galaxies are discussed. The importance of AGN feedback cannot be well constrained in our study. Finally, our findings suggest that environment conditions, most likely starvation and harassment, significantly affect the transformation of $M_{\ast}<10^{10.0}M_{\sun}$ blue galaxies into red galaxies, especially at $z<0.5$.
description: 45 pages, 13 figures, ApJ accepted
Morphisms and Duality for Polarities and Lattices with Operators
Creators: name: Goldblatt, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Structures based on polarities have been used to provide relational semantics for propositional logics that are modelled algebraically by non-distributive lattices with additional operators. This article develops a first order notion of morphism between polarity-based structures that generalises the theory of bounded morphisms for Boolean modal logics. It defines a category of such structures that is contravariantly dual to a given category of lattice-based algebras whose additional operations preserve either finite joins or finite meets. Two different versions of the Goldblatt-Thomason theorem are derived in this setting.
Ideal isotropic auxetic networks from random networks
Creators: name: Reid, Daniel R.
name: Pashine, Nidhi
name: Bowen, Alec S.
name: Nagel, Sidney R.
name: de Pablo, Juan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Auxetic materials are characterized by a negative Poisson's ratio, $\mathrmν$. As the Poisson's ratio becomes negative and approaches the lower isotropic mechanical limit of $\mathrm{ν= -1}$, materials show enhanced resistance to impact and shear, making them suitable for applications ranging from robotics to impact mitigation. Past experimental efforts aimed at reaching the $\mathrm{ν= -1}$ limit have resulted in highly anisotropic materials, which show a negative Poisson's ratio only when subjected to deformations along specific directions. Isotropic designs have only attained moderately auxetic behavior, or have led to structures that cannot be manufactured in 3D. Here, we present a design strategy to create isotropic structures from disordered networks that leads to Poisson's ratios as low as $\mathrm{ν= -0.98}$. The materials conceived through this approach are successfully fabricated in the laboratory and behave as predicted. The Poisson's ratio $\mathrmν$ is found to depend on network structure and bond strengths; this sheds light on the structural motifs that lead to auxetic behavior. The ideas introduced here can be generalized to 3D, a wide range of materials, and a spectrum of length scales, thereby providing a general platform that could impact technology.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in triple-well potentials
Creators: name: Fortanier, Rüdiger
name: Zajec, Damir
name: Main, Jörg
name: Wunner, Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in triple-well potentials are well-suited model systems for periodic optical potentials with important contributions of the non-local and anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction, which show a variety of effects such as self-organisation and formation of patterns. We address here a macroscopic sample of dipolar bosons in the mean-field limit. This work is based on the Gross-Pitaevskii description of dipolar condensates in triple-well potentials by Peter et al 2012 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 45 225302. Our analysis goes beyond the calculation of ground states presented there and clarifies the role of excited and metastable states in such systems. In particular, we find the formation of phases originating from the interplay of several states with distinct stability properties. As some of the phases are formed by metastable states special attention is paid to the characteristics of phase transitions in real-time and the dynamical stabilisation of the condensate.
Modal Logics that Bound the Circumference of Transitive Frames
Creators: name: Goldblatt, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For each natural number $n$ we study the modal logic determined by the class of transitive Kripke frames in which there are no cycles of length greater than $n$ and no strictly ascending chains. The case $n=0$ is the Gödel-Löb provability logic. Each logic is axiomatised by adding a single axiom to K4, and is shown to have the finite model property and be decidable. We then consider a number of extensions of these logics, including restricting to reflexive frames to obtain a corresponding sequence of extensions of S4. When $n=1$, this gives the famous logic of Grzegorczyk, known as S4Grz, which is the strongest modal companion to intuitionistic propositional logic. A topological semantic analysis shows that the $n$-th member of the sequence of extensions of S4 is the logic of hereditarily $n+1$-irresolvable spaces when the modality $\Diamond$ is interpreted as the topological closure operation. We also study the definability of this class of spaces under the interpretation of $\Diamond$ as the derived set (of limit points) operation. The variety of modal algebras validating the $n$-th logic is shown to be generated by the powerset algebras of the finite frames with cycle length bounded by $n$. Moreover each algebra in the variety is a model of the universal theory of the finite ones, and so is embeddable into an ultraproduct of them.
On pseudo-Anosov autoequivalences
Creators: name: Fan, Yu-Wei
name: Filip, Simion
name: Haiden, Fabian
name: Katzarkov, Ludmil
name: Liu, Yijia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Motivated by results of Thurston, we prove that any autoequivalence of a triangulated category induces a filtration by triangulated subcategories, provided the existence of Bridgeland stability conditions. The filtration is given by the exponential growth rate of masses under iterates of the autoequivalence, and only depends on the choice of a connected component of the stability manifold. We then propose a new definition of pseudo-Anosov autoequivalences, and prove that our definition is more general than the one previously proposed by Dimitrov, Haiden, Katzarkov, and Kontsevich. We construct new examples of pseudo-Anosov autoequivalences on the derived categories of quintic Calabi-Yau threefolds and quiver Calabi-Yau categories. Finally, we prove that certain pseudo-Anosov autoequivalences on quiver 3-Calabi-Yau categories act hyperbolically on the space of Bridgeland stability conditions.
description: 36 pages; mistakes fixed
Hierarchy of double-time correlations
Creators: name: Queisser, Friedemann
name: Schützhold, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hierarchy of correlations is an analytical approximation method which allows us to study non-equilibrium phenomena in strongly interacting quantum many-body systems on lattices in higher dimensions. So far, this method was restricted to equal-time correlators $\langle\hat A_μ(t)\hat B_ν(t)\rangle$. In this work, we generalize this method to double-time correlators $\langle\hat A_μ(t)\hat B_ν(t')\rangle$, which allows us to study effective light cones and Green functions and to incorporate finite initial temperatures.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Realizing optical pulling force using chirality
Creators: name: Ding, Kun
name: Ng, Jack
name: Zhou, Lei
name: Chan, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derived an analytical formula for the optical force acting on a small anisotropic chiral particle. The behavior of chiral particles is qualitatively different from achiral particles due to new chirality dependent terms which couple mechanical linear momentum and optical spin angular momentum. Such coupling induced by chirality can serve as a new mechanism to achieve optical pulling force. Our analytical predictions are verified by numerical simulations.
description: Main text (14 pages, 3 figures), appendix (7 pages)
A structure-based model fails to probe the mechanical unfolding pathways of the titin I27 domain
Creators: name: Kouza, Maksim
name: Hu, Chin-Kun
name: Li, Mai Suan
name: Kolinski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We discuss the use of a structure based C$α$-Go model and Langevin dynamics to study in detail the mechanical properties and unfolding pathway of the titin I27 domain. We show that a simple Go-model does detect correctly the origin of the mechanical stability of this domain. The unfolding free energy landscape parameters $x_u$ and $ΔG^{\ddagger}$, extracted from dependencies of unfolding forces on pulling speeds, are found to agree reasonably well with experiments. We predict that above $v=10^4$ nm/s the additional force-induced intermediate state is populated at an end-to-end extension of about $75 \mathring{A}$. The force-induced switch in the unfolding pathway occurs at the critical pulling speed $v_{crit} \approx 10^6-10^7$ nm/s. We argue that this critical pulling speed is an upper limit of the interval where Bell's theory works. However, our results suggest that the Go-model fails to reproduce the experimentally observed mechanical unfolding pathway properly, yielding an incomplete picture of the free energy landscape. Surprisingly, the experimentally observed intermediate state with the A strand detached is not populated in Go-model simulations over a wide range of pulling speeds. The discrepancy between simulation and experiment is clearly seen from the early stage of the unfolding process which shows the limitation of the Go model in reproducing unfolding pathways and deciphering the complete picture of the free energy landscape.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, supplementary material document
Handle Operators in String Theory
Creators: name: Skliros, Dimitri
name: Luest, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive how to incorporate topological features of Riemann surfaces in string amplitudes by insertions of bi-local operators called handle operators. The resulting formalism is exact and globally well-defined in moduli space. After a detailed and pedagogical discussion of Riemann surfaces, complex structure deformations, global vs local aspects, boundary terms, an explicit choice of gluing-compatible and global (modulo U(1)) coordinates (termed `holomorphic normal coordinates'), finite changes in normal ordering, and factorisation of the path integral measure, we construct these handle operators explicitly. Adopting an offshell local coherent vertex operator basis for the latter, and gauge fixing invariance under Weyl transformations using holomorphic normal coordinates (developed by Polchinski), is particularly efficient. All loop amplitudes are gauge-invariant (BRST-exact terms decouple up to boundary terms in moduli space), and reparametrisation invariance is manifest, for arbitrary worldsheet curvature and topology (subject to the Euler number constraint). We provide a number of complementary viewpoints and consistency checks (including one-loop modular invariance, we compute all one- and two-point sphere amplitudes, glue two three-point sphere amplitudes to reproduce the exact four-point sphere amplitude, etc.).
description: 328 pages, 34 figures. Various typos and an inconsequential error in Sec. 6.5 have been corrected. This version is an update to the published version
Long-term effects of extreme smoke exposure on COVID-19 infection and severe disease: a cohort study - analytical code
Creators: name: Lane, Tyler
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420203
subject: Environmental epidemiology

description: This repository contains cleaning and analytical code used to assess the effect of coalmine fire-related PM2.5 exposure on COVID-19 risk in the Hazelwood Health Study cohort. Survey data cannot be shared for privacy reasons. In addition, it contains an R Project file and R code and air quality monitoring data used to compare Black Summer PM2.5 exposures between Morwell and adjacent areas. Air quality monitoring data are publicly available from the Victoria Environment Protection Authority. https://discover.data.vic.gov.au/dataset/epa-air-watch-all-sites-air-quality-hourly-averages-yearly
Isomorphism types of Rogers semilattices in the analytical hierarchy
Creators: name: Bazhenov, Nikolay
name: Ospichev, Sergey
name: Yamaleev, Mars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03D45, 03D55

description: A numbering of a countable family $S$ is a surjective map from the set of natural numbers $ω$ onto $S$. A numbering $ν$ is reducible to a numbering $μ$ if there is an effective procedure which given a $ν$-index of an object from $S$, computes a $μ$-index for the same object. The reducibility between numberings gives rise to a class of upper semilattices, which are usually called Rogers semilattices. The paper studies Rogers semilattices for families $S \subset P(ω)$ belonging to various levels of the analytical hierarchy. We prove that for any non-zero natural numbers $m\neq n$, any non-trivial Rogers semilattice of a $Π^1_m$-computable family cannot be isomorphic to a Rogers semilattice of a $Π^1_n$-computable family. One of the key ingredients of the proof is an application of the result by Downey and Knight on degree spectra of linear orders.
description: 15 pages
Giant planet and brown dwarf formation
Creators: name: Chabrier, G.
name: Johansen, A.
name: Janson, M.
name: Rafikov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the dominant brown dwarf and giant planet formation processes, and finding out whether these processes rely on completely different mechanisms or share common channels represents one of the major challenges of astronomy and remains the subject of heated debates. It is the aim of this review to summarize the latest developments in this field and to address the issue of origin by confronting different brown dwarf and giant planet formation scenarios to presently available observational constraints. As examined in the review, if objects are classified as "Brown Dwarfs" or "Giant Planets" on the basis of their formation mechanism, it has now become clear that their mass domains overlap and that there is no mass limit between these two distinct populations. Furthermore, while there is increasing observational evidence for the existence of non-deuterium burning brown dwarfs, some giant planets, characterized by a significantly metal enriched composition, might be massive enough to ignite deuterium burning in their core. Deuterium burning (or lack of) thus plays no role in either brown dwarf or giant planet formation. Consequently, we argue that the IAU definition to distinguish these two populations has no physical justification and brings scientific confusion. In contrast, brown dwarfs and giant planets might bear some imprints of their formation mechanism, notably in their mean density and in the physical properties of their atmosphere. Future direct imaging surveys will undoubtedly provide crucial information and perhaps provide some clear observational diagnostics to unambiguously distinguish these different astrophysical objects.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication as a chapter in Protostars and Planets VI, University of Arizona Press (2014), eds. H. Beuther, R. S. Klessen, C. P. Dullemond, Th. Henning
Interplay between folding and assembly of fibril-forming polypeptides
Creators: name: Ni, Ran
name: Abeln, Sanne
name: Schor, Marieke
name: Stuart, Martien A. Cohen
name: Bolhuis, Peter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Polypeptides can self-assemble into hierarchically organized fibrils consisting of a stack of individually folded polypeptides driven together by hydrophobic interaction. Using a coarse grained model, we systematically studied this self-assembly as a function of temperature and hydrophobicity of the residues on the outside of the building block. We find the self-assembly can occur via two different pathways - a random aggregation-folding route, and a templated-folding process - thus indicating a strong coupling between folding and assembly. The simulation results can explain experimental evidence that assembly through stacking of folded building blocks is rarely observed, at the experimental concentrations. The model thus provides a generic picture of hierarchical fibril formation.
description: Accepted in Physical Review Letters
Continuity of the Peierls barrier and robustness of laminations
Creators: name: Mramor, Blaz
name: Rink, Bob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the Peierls barrier for a broad class of monotone variational problems. These problems arise naturally in solid state physics and from Hamiltonian twist maps. We start with the case of a fixed local potential and derive an estimate for the difference of the periodic Peierls barrier and the Peierls barrier of a general rotation number in a given point. A similar estimate was obtained by Mather in the context of twist maps, but our proof is different and applies more generally. It follows from the estimate that the Peierls barrier is continuous at irrational points. Moreover, we show that the Peierls barrier depends continuously on parameters and hence that the property that a monotone variational problem admits a lamination of minimizers for a given rotation number, is open in the C1-topology.
description: 20 pages, submitted to Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems
Preferred attachment model of affiliation network
Creators: name: Bloznelis, Mindaugas
name: Götze, Friedrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C82 91D30 90B15 05C07

description: In an affiliation network vertices are linked to attributes and two vertices are declared adjacent whenever they share a common attribute. For example, two customers of an internet shop are called adjacent if they have purchased the same or similar items. Assuming that each newly arrived customer is linked preferentially to already popular items we obtain a preferred attachment model of an evolving affiliation network. We show that the network has a scale-free property and establish the asymptotic degree distribution.
description: 9 pages
Approximation of Quantum States Using Decision Diagrams
Creators: name: Zulehner, Alwin
name: Hillmich, Stefan
name: Markov, Igor L.
name: Wille, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The computational power of quantum computers poses major challenges to new design tools since representing pure quantum states typically requires exponentially large memory. As shown previously, decision diagrams can reduce these memory requirements by exploiting redundancies. In this work, we demonstrate further reductions by allowing for small inaccuracies in the quantum state representation. Such inaccuracies are legitimate since quantum computers themselves experience gate and measurement errors and since quantum algorithms are somewhat resistant to errors (even without error correction). We develop four dedicated schemes that exploit these observations and effectively approximate quantum states represented by decision diagrams. We empirically show that the proposed schemes reduce the size of decision diagrams by up to several orders of magnitude while controlling the fidelity of approximate quantum state representations.
Stabilization of Linear Higher Derivative Gravity with Constraints
Creators: name: Chen, Tai-jun
name: Lim, Eugene A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the instabilities of higher derivative gravity models with quadratic curvature invariant $αR^2+βR_{μν}R^{μν}$ can be removed by judicious addition of constraints at the quadratic level of metric fluctuations around Minkowski/de Sitter background. With a suitable parameter choice, we find that the instabilities of helicity-0, 1, 2 modes can be removed while reducing the dimensionality of the original phase space. To retain the renormalization properties of higher derivative gravity, Lorentz symmetry in the constrained theory is explicitly broken.
description: 14 pages, no figure
Unique continuation for the gradient of eigenfunctions and Wegner estimates for random divergence-type operators
Creators: name: Dicke, Alexander
name: Veselic, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J15 (Primary) 47B80, 35R60, 35R45, 35P15 (Secondary)

description: We prove a scale-free quantitative unique continuation estimate for the gradient of eigenfunctions of divergence-type operators, i.e. operators of the form $-\mathrm{div}A\nabla$, where the matrix function $A$ is uniformly elliptic. The proof uses a unique continuation principle for elliptic second order operators and a lower bound on the $L^2$-norm of the gradient of eigenfunctions corresponding to strictly positive eigenvalues. As an application, we prove an eigenvalue lifting estimate that allows us to prove a Wegner estimate for random divergence-type operators. Here our approach allows us to get rid of a restrictive covering condition that was essential in previous proofs of Wegner estimates for such models.
description: 24 pages, major revisions
Quantum-field-theoretical approach to phase-space techniques: Symmetric Wick theorem and multitime Wigner representation
Creators: name: Plimak, L I
name: Olsen, M K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present the formal background used to develop the methods used in earlier works to extend the truncated Wigner representation of quantum and atom optics in order to address multi-time problems. The truncated Wigner representation has proven to be of great practical use, especially in the numerical study of the quantum dynamics of Bose condensed gases. In these cases, it allows for the simulation of effects which are missed entirely by other approximations, such as the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, but does not suffer from the severe instabilities of more exact methods. The numerical treatment of interacting many-body quantum systems is an extremely difficult task, and the ability to extend the truncated Wigner beyond single-time situations adds another powerful technique to the available toolbox. This article gives the formal mathematics behind the development of our "time-Wigner ordering" which allows for the calculation of the multi-time averages which are required for such quantities as the Glauber correlation functions which are applicable to bosonic fields.
description: Submitted to PRE
The X-ray Zurich Environmental Study (X-ZENS). I. Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of AGNs in galaxies in nearby groups
Creators: name: Silverman, J. D.
name: Miniati, F.
name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Carollo, C. M.
name: Cibinel, A.
name: Lilly, S. J.
name: Schawinski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe X-ray observations with Chandra and XMM-Newton of 18 galaxy groups (M_group ~ 1-6x10^13 Msolar, z~0.05) from the Zurich Environmental Study (ZENS). We aim to establish the frequency and properties, unaffected by host galaxy dilution and obscuration, of AGNs in central and satellite galaxy members, also as a function of halo-centric distance. X-ray point-source detections are reported for 22 of 177 observed galaxies, down to a limit of f_(0.5-8 keV) ~ 5x10^-15 erg cm^-2 s^-1, corresponding to a limiting luminosity of L_(0.5-8 keV)~3x10^40 erg s^-1. With the majority of the X-ray sources attributed to AGNs of low-to-moderate levels (L/L_Edd>~10^-4), we discuss the detection rate in the context of the occupation of AGNs to halos of this mass scale and redshift, and compare the structural/morphological properties between AGN-active and non-active galaxies of different rank and location within the group halos. We see a slight tendency for AGN hosts to have either relatively brighter/denser disks (or relatively fainter/diffuse bulges) than non-active galaxies of similar mass. At galaxy mass scales <10^11 Msolar, central galaxies appear to be a factor ~4 more likely to host AGNs than satellite galaxies of similar mass. This effect, coupled with the tendency for AGNs to reside in massive galaxies, explains the (weak) trend for AGNs to be preferentially found in the inner regions of groups, with no detectable trend with halo-centric distance in the frequency of AGNs within the satellite population. Finally, our data support other analyses in finding that the rate of decline with redshift of AGN activity in groups matches that of the global AGN population, indicating that either AGNs occur preferentially in groups, or that the evolution rate is independent of halo mass. These trends are of potential importance, and require X-ray coverage of a larger sample to be solidly confirmed.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, submitted to The Astrophysical Journal, this is a revised version that addresses the referee's comments
On some developments in the Nonsymmetric Kaluza-Klein Theory
Creators: name: Kalinowski, M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a condition for a charge confinement and gravito-electromagnetic wave solutions in the Nonsymmetric Kaluza-Klein Theory.We consider also an influence of a cosmological constant on a static,spherically symmetric solution.We remind to the reader some fudamentals of the Nonsymmetric Kaluza-Klein Theory and a geometrcal background behind the theory.Simultaneously we give some remarks concerning misunderstanding connected to several notions of the Nonsymmetric Kaluza-Klein Theory,Einstein Unified Field Theory,geometrization and unification of physical interactions .We reconsider Dirac field in the Nonsymmetric Kaluza-Klein Theory.
description: 60 pages, 40 figures
Fano Resonances in the Infrared Spectra of Phonons in Hyper-Kagome Na_3Ir_3O_8
Creators: name: Pröpper, D.
name: Yaresko, A. N.
name: Larkin, T. I.
name: Stanislavchuk, T. N.
name: Sirenko, A. A.
name: Takayama, T.
name: Matsumoto, A.
name: Takagi, H.
name: Keimer, B.
name: Boris, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the complex dielectric function of high-quality Na_3Ir_3O_8 single crystals determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the spectral range from 15 meV to 2 eV. The far-infrared phonon spectra exhibit highly asymmetric line shapes characteristic of Fano resonances. With decreasing temperature, we observe a sharp increase of the infrared intensity of the Fano-shaped phonon modes accompanied by concomitant changes in the low energy electronic background, formed by electronic transitions between Ir 5d t_2g bands of a mostly J_eff = 1/2 character. The role of the complex Hyper-Kagome lattice structure and strong spin-orbit coupling is considered.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table