cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Birth and Death
Creators: name: Dasgupta, P.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics
Year: 2016

description: It has long been known that in finite economies Classical Utilitarianism commends policies that encourage large populations. It has been known also that the stronger is the aversion to risk and inequality in the standard of living, the lower is the optimum living standard, and that the latter tends in the limit to Sidgwick's "hedonistic zero". A version of that extreme feature of the theory was subsequently named the Repugnant Conclusion (RC). Most escape routes from RC have invoked the language of "gains" and "losses", which are familiar notions in social cost-benefit analysis. Those notions have been found to lead to paradoxes involving the Non-Identity Problem. In this paper I start with Sidgwick's theory in its pristine form - the criterion for evaluating states of affairs is the sum of personal utilities - but recast it in a contemporary language: the ground of binding reason is taken to be "well-being", not "happiness", nor "agreeable consciousness". Sidgwick erred in his interpretation of the hedonistic zero, which may explain why the seeming pro-natalism inherent in his theory has been found to be repugnant by philosophers. Problems with Sidgwick's Utilitarianism lie elsewhere. An example is presented which invites an additional but relatively mild notion of person-hood into any theory that says that personal well-beings should be the sole basis for ranking states of affairs. A weak version of Agent-Relative theories is drawn from the example, which in the context of population ethics may be called Generation-Relative Utilitarianism. It has however been suggested that the theory is incoherent because it does not yield a binary relation between states of affairs. I show that the incoherence would arise only if states of affair were to be evaluated from nowhere, and that it is an essential feature of Generation-Relative Utilitarianism that the state of affairs from which other states of affairs are viewed, matters. The theory is then put to work in a model economy facing an indefinite future and a finite flow of resources. Empirical studies of Earth's life support system are then used to justify the choice of the model. I make use of contemporary global statistics to get a feel for the theory's implications for both population size and the standard of living. Population size is found to be smaller and the living standard higher than they would be under Sidgwick's Utilitarianism. Population ethics is then used to understand the nature of loss that would be suffered in the face of human extinction. Generation-Relative Utilitarianism is shown to arrive at the view that each generation is a trustee of the capital it inherits from its predecessor.
Weakly Monotone Fock Space and Monotone Convolution of the Wigner Law
Creators: name: Crismale, Vitonofrio
name: Griseta, Maria Elena
name: Wysoczanski, janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the distribution (w.r.t. the vacuum state) of family of partial sums Sm of position operators on weakly monotone Fock space. We show that any single operator has the Wigner law, and an arbitrary family of them (with the index set linearly ordered) is a collection of monotone independent random variables. It turns out that our problem equivalently consists in finding the m-fold monotone convolution of the semicircle law. For m = 2 we compute the explicit distribution. For any m > 2 we give the moments of the measure, and show it is absolutely continuous and compactly supported on a symmetric interval whose endpoints can be found by a recurrence relation.
description: 29 pages, 1 figure, J. Theoret. Probab., to appear
title: 03_1007
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Update of MRST partons
Creators: name: Martin, A. D.
name: Roberts, R. G.
name: Stirling, W. J.
name: Thorne, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss topical issues concerning the MRST parton analysis. We introduce some new parton sets in order to estimate the uncertainty in the cross sections predicted for W and Z production at the Tevatron and the LHC. We compare with CTEQ5 partons.
description: 3 (Latex) pages, including 1 embedded figure, uses epsfig.sty, npb.sty; contribution to the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD (DIS99), Berlin-Zeuthen, April 1999
Additional file 1: of Differentiation of haploid and diploid fertilities in Gracilaria chilensis affect ploidy ratio
Creators: name: Vieira, Vasco
name: Engelen, Aschwin
name: Huanel, Oscar
name: Marie-Laure Guillemin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Gompertz. (DOCX 39 kb)
Nanosecond-scale magneto-exciton energy oscillations in quantum wells
Creators: name: Trifonov, A. V.
name: Khramtsov, E. S.
name: Kavokin, K. V.
name: Ignatiev, I. V.
name: Kavokin, A. V.
name: Efimov, Y. P.
name: Eliseev, S. A.
name: Shapochkin, P. Yu.
name: Bayer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the experimental evidence for a nanosecond time-scale spin memory based on nonradiative excitons. The effect manifests itself in magnetic-field-induced oscillations of the energy of the optically active (radiative) excitons. The oscillations detected by a spectrally-resolved pump-probe technique applied to a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well structure in a transverse magnetic field persist over a time scale, which is orders of magnitude longer than the characteristic decoherence time in the system. The effect is attributed to the spin-dependent electron-electron exchange interaction of the optically active and inactive excitons. The spin relaxation time of the electrons belonging to nonradiative excitons appears to be much longer than the hole spin relaxation time.
description: 5 pages main text, 7 pages appendix, 3 figures
Aggregating Elasticities: Intensive and Extensive Margins of Female Labour Supply
Creators: name: Attanasio, O.
name: Levell, P.
name: Low, H.
name: Sanchez-Marcos, V.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics
Year: 2017
Subjects: labour supply elasticities
heterogeneity
aggregation
non-separability

description: We estimate labour supply elasticities at the micro level and show what we can learn from possibly very heterogeneous elasticities for aggregate behaviour. We consider both intertemporal and intratemporal choices, and identify intensive and extensive responses in a consistent life cycle framework, using US CEX data. There is substantial heterogeneity in how individuals respond to wage changes at all margins, both due to observables, such as age, demographics, and wealth, as well as to unobservable tastes for leisure. We estimate the distribution of Marshallian elasticities for hours worked to have a median value of 0.18, and corresponding Hicksian elasticities of 0.54 and Frisch elasticities of 0.87. At the 90th percentile, these values are 0.79, 1.16, and 1.92. Responses at the extensive margin are important, explaining about 54% of the total labour supply response for women under 30, although this importance declines with age. We also show that aggregate elasticities are cyclical, being larger in recessions and particularly so in long recessions. This heterogeneity at the micro level means that the aggregate labour supply elasticity is not a structural parameter: any macro elasticity will depend on the demographic structure of the economy as well as the distribution of wealth and the particular point in the business cycle.
Apterostigma dorotheae Weber, 1936, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Neal A. Weber, University of North Dakota
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1936
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Apterostigma
Apterostigma dorotheae

description: Apterostigma dorotheae, sp. nov. (Fig. 5)
Worker: Length 2.6-2.8 mm. - Head, excluding mandibles slightly over 1 1/2 times as long as wide between eyes. Neck very slight, with expanded margin. Sides sub-parallel, occipital margin rounded, feebly but distinctly impressed in middle. Eyes hemispherical, situated closer to posterior than to clypeal margin, slightly less than 1/5 in diameter the length of head. Anterior clypeal margin evenly convex and extending to cutting edge of mandibles when the latter are closed. Frontal lobes broad, rounded and sub-horizontal, frontal area slightly impressed. Antennal scapes moderately stout, inflated at distal 1/2 and slightly curved, not as long as head, excluding mandibles. Joints 2-9 of funiculus distinctly broader than long, terminal joint slightly shorter than joints 6-9 taken together.
Thorax in side view as illustrated (Fig. 5). Anterior margin of pronotum extended in a pair of low, rounded lobes. Mesonotum, from above, with a pair of carinae produced posteriorly as rounded lobes. These carinae of variable development. Basal surface of epinotum with a pair of median, inconspicuous ridges. Epinotal stigmata prominent. Dorsal surface of petiole laterally produced as blunt tubercles. Petiole slightly over 1/2 as wide as postpetiole. Postpetiole, from above, hexagonal, broadly impressed postero-medially. Gaster feebly marginate.
Opaque, surface largely obscured by pilosity. - Pilosity of abundant, appressed, grayish hairs and finer and sparser appressed pubescence. Dark red-brown.
Described from a few workers of a colony taken by myself July 22, 1936 near the Oronoque River at its junction with the New River, tributary of the Courantyne River, British Guiana. The nest of the ants was 11 cm. below the nest of A. epinotale sp. nov., in a cavity in a mass of humus inside the rotted buttress of a stump. The fungus garden differed from that of epinotale in being larger, uniformly dark gray, the mycelia were more diffuse, and there were no bromatia.
The nest was pendant and also attached at the sides. There was no evidence of an envelope of fungus around the garden.
This species resembles A. mayri but differs in stouter habitus, higher mesoepinotal region, in having carinae on declivous surface of mesonotum produced as lobes, and in darker color.
description: Published as part of Neal A. Weber, University of North Dakota, 1936, The biology of the fungus-growing ants. Part. I. New forms. 1, pp. 378-409 in Revista de Entomologia 7 on pages 389-390
Zipf's and Taylor's Laws
Creators: name: James, Charlotte
name: Azaele, Sandro
name: Maritan, Amos
name: Simini, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zipf's law states that the frequency of an observation with a given value is inversely proportional to the square of that value; Taylor's law, instead, describes the scaling between fluctuations in the size of a population and its mean. Empirical evidence of the validity of these laws has been found in many and diverse domains. Despite the numerous models proposed to explain the presence of Zipf's law, there is no consensus on how it originates from a microscopic process of individuals dynamics without fine tuning. Here we show that Zipf's law and Taylor's law can emerge from a general class of stochastic processes at the individual level, which incorporate one of two features: environmental variability, i.e. fluctuations of parameters, or correlations, i.e. dependence between individuals. Under these assumptions, we show numerically and with theoretical arguments that the conditional variance of the population increments scales as the square of the population and that the corresponding stationary distribution of the processes follows Zipf's law.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Columnar defects and vortex fluctuations in layered superconductors
Creators: name: Koshelev, Alexis E.
name: Doussal, Pierre Le
name: Vinokur, Valerii M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate fluctuations of Josephson-coupled pancake vortices in layered superconductors in the presence of columnar defects. We study the thermodynamics of a single pancake stack pinned by columnar defects and obtain the temperature dependence of localization length, pinning energy and critical current. We study the creep regime and compute the crossover current between line-like creep and pancake-like creep motion. We find that columnar defects effectively increase interlayer Josephson coupling by suppressing thermal fluctuations of pancakes. This leads to an upward shift in the decoupling line most pronounced around the matching field.
description: 5 pages, REVTeX, no figures
HL-LHC Wakefield Simulations
Creators: name: Oeftiger, Adrian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 29904 Synchrotrons; Accelerators; Instruments and Techniques
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PyHEADTAIL macro-particle simulations (http://github.com/PyCOMPLETE/PyHEADTAIL) of single bunch stability in the High Luminosity LHC at top energy lead to the present data. Head-tail instabilities driven by the machine impedance can seriously degrade the beam quality and even lead to machine protection issues.
Here we simulate with smooth approximation optics and recent versions of the complete HL-LHC impedance model at flat-top conditions at an energy of 7TeV. The influence of the different wake terms (dipolar, dipolar + cross-terms, dipolar + cross-terms + quadrupolar), the longitudinal distribution (thermal and q=3/5-Gaussian) and the different impedance scenarios (without MoGr coated TCTs yet) are compared. For each case, we scan the linear chromaticity. The transverse feedback is taken into account with an ideal damper model at 50 turns, moreover longitudinal non-linear synchrotron motion is employed while lattice non-linearities (such as detuning with amplitude from octupoles) are not considered.
Phi Meson Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions at SIS Energies
Creators: name: Chung, W. S.
name: Li, G. Q.
name: Ko, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phi meson production in heavy-ion collisions at SIS/GSI energies ($\sim 2$ GeV/nucleon) is studied in the relativistic transport model. We include contributions from baryon-baryon, pion-baryon, and kaon-antikaon collisions. The cross sections for the first two processes are obtained in an one-boson-exchange model, while that for the last process is taken to be of Breit-Wigner form through the phi meson resonance. The dominant contribution to phi meson production in heavy ion collisions at these energies is found to come from secondary pion-nucleon collisions. Effects due to medium modifications of kaon masses are also studied and are found to reduce the phi meson yield by about a factor of two, mainly because of increased phi decay width as a result of dropping kaon-antikaon masses. In this case, the $ϕ/K^-$ ratio is about 4%, which is a factor of 2-3 below preliminary experimental data from the FOPI collaboration at GSI. Including also the reduction of phi meson mass in medium increases this ratio to about 8%, which is then in reasonable agreement with the data.
description: 46 pages, including 21 postscript figures
Falling Real Interest Rates, House Prices, and the Introduction of the Pill
Creators: name: Lu, J.
name: Teulings, C.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics
Year: 2016

description: The past 30 years has witnessed a worldwide decrease in real interest rates. Simultaneously over this period house prices have grown in real terms. We demonstrate that these trends can be explained by changes in demographic structure associated with the introduction of the pill in the early 1970s. Following this, most of the western world, Japan and China saw similar reductions in fertility rates, though timing and magnitude differ among countries. In the long-run this leads to lower population growth. In the short-run the cohort born just before the introduction of the pill are disproportionally larger than cohorts born before and after. As this large cohort accumulates assets for retirement, aggregate savings supply increases which results in falling real interest rates and rising house prices. We find that an increase in house prices over the past decades was likely an efficient outcome that aided efficiency in the transition towards the new balanced growth path. However, housing's appreciation is a feature that can't be easily explained in a rational framework. Our model predicts that real interest rates will continue to fall, overshooting the new balanced growth path level until hitting a trough at around the year 2035.
Bimaximal mixing from the leptonic new texture for triangular mass matrices
Creators: name: Benaoum, H. B.
name: Nasri, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis of the leptonic texture for the new triangular mass matrices has been carried out. In particular, it is shown that both bimaximal and nearly bimaximal solutions for solar and atmospheric neutrino anomalies can be generated within this pattern. We have also derived exact and compact parametrization of the leptonic mixing matrix in terms of the lepton masses and the parameters $α, β'$ and $δ$. A consistency with the CHOOZ reactor result for $V_m{_{13}}$ and a smallness of the Jarlskog's invariant parameter are obtained.
description: 16 pages, latex
Estimation of a Multiplicative Covariance Structure in the Large Dimensional Case
Creators: name: Hafner, C. M.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics
Year: 2016
Subjects: Correlation Matrix
Kronecker Product
Matrix Logarithm
Multiarray data
Multi-trai Multi method
Portfolio Choice
Sparsity

description: We propose a Kronecker product structure for large covariance or correlation matrices. One feature of this model is that it scales logarithmically with dimension in the sense that the number of free parameters increases logarithmically with the dimension of the matrix. We propose an estimation method of the parameters based on a log-linear property of the structure, and also a quasi-maximum likelihood estimation (QMLE) method. We establish the rate of convergence of the estimated parameters when the size of the matrix diverges. We also establish a central limit theorem (CLT) for our method. We derive the asymptotic distributions of the estimators of the parameters of the spectral distribution of the Kronecker product correlation matrix, of the extreme logarithmic eigenvalues of this matrix, and of the variance of the minimum variance portfolio formed using this matrix. We also develop tools of inference including a test for over-identification. We apply our methods to portfolio choice for S&P500 daily returns and compare with sample covariance-based methods and with the recent Fan, Liao, and Mincheva (2013) method.
A remark on Domain Decomposition approaches solving Three Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation models
Creators: name: D'Amore, Luisa
name: Cacciapuoti, Rosalba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Data Assimilation (DA) is a methodology for combining mathematical models simulating complex systems (the background knowledge) and measurements (the reality or observational data) in order to improve the estimate of the system state. This is a large scale ill posed in- verse problem then in this note we consider the Tikhonov-regularized variational formulation of 3D- DA problem, namely the so-called 3D- Var DA problem. We review two Domain Decomposition (DD) approaches, namely the functional DD and the discrete Multiplicative Parallel Schwarz, and as the 3D-Var DA problem is a least square problem, we prove the equivalence between these approaches.
title: Polydipsia's Contribution to the Temporal Discrimination of Rats in the Development of Fixed Interval Behavior and as a Function of Fixed Interval Length
Creators: name: Cruser, Linda Griffith
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1980

description: A two-phase experiment was undertaken to study the contribution of polydipsia, excessive water drinking, to the temporal discrimination of rats on fixed internal schedules of 60, 120, 180, and 300 seconds. In the first phase of the experiment, the timing accuracy of 12 rats who had access to water was compared to 12 rats who had no water. The rats were trained for 25 sessions on an FI 60-second schedule. In early sessions, before polydipsia was fully developed, no differences emerged between the timing accuracy of the water and no-water groups. As the amount of water drunk by the water group increased over sessions, a parallel increase was noted in the timing accuracy of that group. In the final sessions of Phase I, a significant difference emerged between the timing accuracy of the water and no-water rats. It was concluded that polydipsia facilitated the development of temporal discrimination. The second phase of the experiment was undertaken to study the effects of increased interval length on timing accuracy and water intake. Four rats from each of the water and no-water groups were changed to FI schedules of 120, 180, and 300 seconds and trained for 20 days. Three main conclusions were drawn from Phase II: (1) timing accuracy declined as a function of increased interval length; (2) water rats exhibited more accurate timing ability than their no-water counterparts but only for groups operating under the 180- and 300-second lengths; no differences emerged between the 120-second water and no-water groups; (3) the amount of water drunk during the longer schedules did not substantially change from the amount drunk under the 60 second schedule; therefore, changes in the amount of water drunk could not be used to account for changes in timing accuracy. Changes in the rate of water drunk, however, were suggested as an alternative explanation. In summary, the facilitating role of polydipsia in the temporal discrimination of rats was supported over a range of fixed interval lengths. Timing accuracy was found to decline over longer interval lengths, while parallel changes in the amount of water drunk were not found.
Raw Data: Gas phase lubrication study with an organic friction modifier
Creators: name: Eickworth, Jennifer
name: Wagner, Jonas
name: Daum, Philipp
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Reibverminderer
subject: DDC::600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::600 Technik
subject: DDC::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften
subject: DDC::665 Industrielle Öle, Fette, Wachse, technische Gase

description: XPS / tribometer / mass spectrometer raw data supporting the publication "Gas phase lubrication study with an organic friction modifier"
Non-perturbative scaling in the scalar theory
Creators: name: Bonanno, Alfio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new approach to study the scaling behavior of the scalar theory near the Gaussian fixed point in $d$-dimensions is presented. For a class of initial data an explicit use of the Green's function of the evolution equation is made. It is thus discussed under which conditions non-polynomial relevant interactions can be generated by the renormalization group flow.
description: 8 pages, RevTeX
Old puzzle of incommensurate crystal structure of calaverite AuTe$_2$ and predicted stability of novel AuTe compound
Creators: name: Streltsov, Sergey V.
name: Roizen, Valerii V.
name: Ushakov, Alexey V.
name: Oganov, Artem R.
name: Khomskii, Daniel I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the long-standing puzzle of incommensurate crystal structure of AuTe$_2$ can be solved, if this material is considered as a negative charge-transfer system. Using modern computational methods, we demonstrate that charge redistribution associated with incommensurate modulations of crystal structure occurs not so much on Au, but predominantly on Te sites. This substantially reduces Coulomb energy costs for creating such a unique crystal structure. The same mechanism also explains superconductivity of doped AuTe$_2$. Exploring different Au-Te compositions, we also discovered a previously unknown compound AuTe, which theoretically is very stable, and we predict its crystal structure.
AUDIO ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM USING HYPERCHAOTIC SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS
Creators: name: S. N. Lagmiri
name: H. Bakhous
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: Data security has become an important concern for communication through an insecure channel because the information transferred across the networks has a large chance of unauthorized access. The available encryption algorithms that are primarily used for text data may not be suitable for multimedia data such as sound. Hyperchaotic systems are generally proposed as a solution to multimedia encryption, because of their random properties and the high sensitivity of initial conditions and system parameters.
In this paper, audio data encryption with different dimensional hyperchaotic systems has been presented. The proposed hyperchaotic systems exhibit excellent chaotic behavior. To demonstrate its application to the processing of multimedia encryption, the three systems are applied with an algorithm based on the key generation from the initial conditions for encryption and decryption process. The results of encryption, decryption and statistical analysis of the audio data show that the proposed cryptosystem has excellent encryption performance, high sensitivity to security keys and can be applied for secure real-time encryption.
Digital platforms for sharing and booking electrical vehicle charging infrastructure
Creators: name: Govik, Lisa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Making road transport more sustainable is a vital part in reducing emissions, where the transition to electric freight vehicles (EFVs) are important. In this transition, there is a need for available electric vehicle charging infrastructure (EVCI). Many logistic companies are installing their own EVCI, which is primarily used during the night. This study explores how providers could share and users book charging on digital platforms for EFVs by conducting a qualitative study of a pilot project for sharing. The study shows that providers need financial incentive, available EVCI while not having charging as a primary business model. Users tend to have uncertainties about charging, avoid public charging, and would benefit from driver support. A digital platform enables a wide range of actors to participate, while providing payment solutions and vehicle identification. The study presents several sustainability drivers and barriers. Economic drivers include increased revenues, low-cost charging, and a possibility to invest in cheaper vehicles. Environmental drivers include improved usage, potentially fewer batteries, and supporting the sustainability transition. Social drivers include a community of sharing, easy comparison, and improving predictability. Economic barriers include limited demand, limited usage, and a lack of interest from the provider. Environmental barriers include the risk of under-utilization, overcapacity where many providers install EVCI, and the risk of stressing the grid when utilizing fast charging for large trucks. Social barriers include uncertainty about reliability, grid limitations, and a lack of trust of actors in the system. Companies sharing their fast chargers complement public chargingLimited demand for fast charging due to few large electric trucksActors providing charging need accessible physical space and bookable chargersPlatforms for charging vehicles provide environmental, economic and social benefits Companies sharing their fast chargers complement public charging Limited demand for fast charging due to few large electric trucks Actors providing charging need accessible physical space and bookable chargers Platforms for charging vehicles provide environmental, economic and social benefits
Strongly Interacting Neutrinos and the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Domokos, G.
name: Kovesi-Domokos, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic rays of energies larger than the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff may be neutrinos if they acquire strong interactions due to a ``precocious unification'' of forces. A scenario for this to happen is outlined. There is no contradiction with precision measurements carried out at LEP and SLAC. Observable consequences at LHC and future neutrino detectors are discussed.
description: 9 pages, LaTeX2e, no macros, 2 eps. figures. Uses epsf.tex
Chiral Perturbation Theory and the pp -> pp pi0 Reaction Near Threshold
Creators: name: Sato, T.
name: Lee, T. -S. H.
name: Myhrer, F.
name: Kubodera, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A chiral-perturbative consideration of the near-threshold pp -> pp pi0 reaction indicates that the pion-rescattering term has a substantial energy and momentum dependence. The existing calculations that incorporate this dependence give pion rescattering contributions significantly larger than those of the conventional treatment, and this enhanced rescattering term interferes destructively with the one-body impulse term, leading to theoretical cross sections that are much smaller than the observed values. However, since the existing calculations are based on coordinate-space representation, they involve a number of simplifying assumptions about the energy-momentum flow in the rescattering diagram, even though the delicate interplay between the one-body and two-body terms makes it desirable to avoid these kinematical assumptions. We carry out here a momentum-space calculation that retains the energy-momentum dependence of the vertices as predicted by chiral perturbation theory. Our improved treatment increases the rescattering amplitude by a factor of 3 over the value obtained in the r-space calculations. The pp -> pp pi0 transition amplitude, which is now dominated by the rescattering term, leads to the cross section much larger than what was reported in the approximate r-space calculations. Thus, the extremely small cross sections obtained in the previous chiral perturbative treatments of this reaction should be considered as an accidental consequence of the approximations employed rather than a general feature.
description: 25 pages,REVTEX, 5 ps figures
Ground-state properties of dilute one-dimensional Bose gas with three-body repulsion
Creators: name: Pastukhov, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determined perturbatively the low-energy universal thermodynamics of dilute one-dimensional bosons with the three-body repulsive forces. The final results are presented for the limit of vanishing potential range in terms of three-particle scattering length. An analogue of Tan`s energy theorem for considered system is derived in generic case without assuming weakness of the interparticle interaction. We also obtained an exact identity relating the three-body contact to the energy density.
description: 4+epsilon pages, 2 figures
Endothelial dysfunction and altered endothelial biomarkers in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
Creators: name: Haffke, Milan
name: Freitag, Helma
name: Rudolf, Gordon
name: Seifert, Martina
name: Doehner, Wolfram
name: Scherbakov, Nadja
name: Hanitsch, Leif
name: Wittke, Kirsten
name: Bauer, Sandra
name: Konietschke, Frank
name: Paul, Friedemann
name: Bellmann-Strobl, Judith
name: Kedor, Claudia
name: Scheibenbogen, Carmen
name: Sotzny, Franziska
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Post-COVID syndrome
subject: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
subject: Endothelial dysfunction
subject: Reactive hyperaemia index
subject: Endothelin-1
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Fatigue, exertion intolerance and post-exertional malaise are among the most frequent symptoms of Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS), with a subset of patients fulfilling criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). As SARS-CoV-2 infects endothelial cells, causing endotheliitis and damaging the endothelium, we investigated endothelial dysfunction (ED) and endothelial biomarkers in patients with PCS. Methods: We studied the endothelial function in 30 PCS patients with persistent fatigue and exertion intolerance as well as in 15 age- and sex matched seronegative healthy controls (HCs). 14 patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS. The other patients were considered to have PCS. Peripheral endothelial function was assessed by the reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) using peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) in patients and HCs. In a larger cohort of patients and HCs, including post-COVID reconvalescents (PCHCs), Endothelin-1 (ET-1), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), Endocan (ESM-1), IL-8, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 were analysed as endothelial biomarkers. Results: Five of the 14 post-COVID ME/CFS patients and five of the 16 PCS patients showed ED defined by a diminished RHI (< 1.67), but none of HCs exhibited this finding. A paradoxical positive correlation of RHI with age, blood pressure and BMI was found in PCS but not ME/CFS patients. The ET-1 concentration was significantly elevated in both ME/CFS and PCS patients compared to HCs and PCHCs. The serum Ang-2 concentration was lower in both PCS patients and PCHCs compared to HCs. Conclusion: A subset of PCS patients display evidence for ED shown by a diminished RHI and altered endothelial biomarkers. Different associations of the RHI with clinical parameters as well as varying biomarker profiles may suggest distinct pathomechanisms among patient subgroups.
Fluctuations and Phase Transition Dynamics
Creators: name: Rivers, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kibble and Zurek have provided a unifying causal picture for the appearance of classical defects like cosmic strings or vortices at the onset of phase transitions in relativistic QFT and condensed matter systems respectively. In condensed matter the predictions are partially supported by agreement with experiments in superfluid helium. We provide an alternative picture for the initial appearance of defects that supports the experimental evidence. When the original predictions fail, this is understood, in part, as a consequence of thermal fluctuations (noise), which play a comparable role in both condensed matter and QFT.
description: 25 pages, to be published in the Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Quantum and Stochastic Gravity, String Cosmology and Inflation, Peyresq, September, 1999
Vibro-Injection Pile Installation in Sand: Part II—Numerical and Experimental Investigation
Creators: name: Savidis, Stavros A.
name: Aubram, Daniel
name: Rackwitz, Frank
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften
subject: arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian
subject: multi-material
subject: large deformations
subject: finite element method
subject: operator-split
subject: soil mechanics
subject: sand

description: In Part 1 of this series of papers a macroscopic two-equation (two-field) reduced model for the mechanics of the multi-material flow associated with vibro-injection pile installation in saturated sand was derived. Here we employ this model to develop a so-called multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (MMALE) method. MMALE avoids the disadvantages of the classical approaches in computational continuum mechanics concerning large deformations and evolving material interfaces. The numerical implementation of this method will be outlined, and then the experimental investigations will be presented that have been carried out in order to validate the computational model. Among these investigations, small-scale model tests in chambers with observing window have been designed step-by-step to reveal penetration and vibro-injection pile installation phenomena.
Apterostigma amiae Weber, 1936, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Neal A. Weber, University of North Dakota
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1936
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Apterostigma
Apterostigma amiae

description: Apterostigma amiae, sp. nov.
Worker: Length 3.3-3.7 mm. - Head, excluding mandibles and neck, 1 1/2 times as long as wide between eyes. Occipital margin evenly rounded, produced in back as a distinct neck with reflexed edges. Anterior clypeal margin convex. Frontal lobes hemispherical, sub-horizontal. Eyes small, very convex, much closer to occipital than to clypeal margin. Antennal scapes long, slender, expanded over distal half, exceeding occipital corners by a distance about equal to twice their greatest diameter. Second joint of funiculus broader than long, joints 3-7 about as broad as long, terminal joint longer than joints 7-9 taken together.
Anterior margin of pronotum extended in two small lobes. Thorax, in profile, much as in the average Apterostigma in being without conspicuous projections. In profile the pronotum is slightly convex, the mesonotum high and in outline (an obtuse angle with feebly tuberculate apex and two slight convexities on the posterior descending surface. Mesoepinotal impression broad and smooth as in mayri. Basal surface of epinotum gently convex and rounding imperceptibly into the declivous surface. From above, the mesonotum and epinotum appear as two convexities, the mesonotum being the more convex and about 1/3 wider; medial longitudinal pair of carinae faintly indicated.
Petiole in profile with flat anterior surface rounding into dorsal surface, and flat ventral surface, about 4/5 as high as postpetiole. Postpetiole, in profile, trapezoidal, with flat dorsal and slightly concave ventral surfaces. From above, the petiole is a little less than 1/2 as wide as postpetiole, the latter having convex sides converging anteriorly as in wasmanni.
Gaster ovate, sides feebly marginate. Legs long and slender.
Shining, sparsely and finely rugulose. - Pilosity not greatly obscuring integument, of moderately abundant, long, grayish hairs, originally apparently appressed, but secondarily disarranged, with sparse, fine, appressed pubescence most abundant on distal parts of appendages and gaster. - Ferruginous.
Described from a series of workers taken by myself from their nest September 8, 1935, in high rain forest 23 miles west of Kartabu Point, junction of the Cuyuni and Mazaruni Rivers, British Guiana. The nest was in a rotted log resting against other trees and was 'about six feet above the ground.
This species resembles mayri in general habitus but is much larger. It also resembles pilosum but the frontal lobes are different, the terminal joint of the funiculus is proportionately longer, and the mesoepinotal constriction is greater.
In this same log were two colonies of Myrmicocrypta spinosa, sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Neal A. Weber, University of North Dakota, 1936, The biology of the fungus-growing ants. Part. I. New forms. 1, pp. 378-409 in Revista de Entomologia 7 on pages 391-392
Corporate Debt Structure, Precautionary Savings, and Investment Dynamics
Creators: name: Xiao, J.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics
Year: 2016

description: Micro-level evidence indicates that firms which substituted bank loans with bond issues during the Great Recession did not experience a large contraction in their total borrowing, but they have been hoarding more cash and investing less than firms that did not substitute. This suggests that firms� balance sheet adjustment played a key role in the transmission of aggregate shocks. To evaluate the importance of this mechanism in the propagation of the Great Recession, I build a quantitative general equilibrium model of firm dynamics that jointly endogenizes the composition of borrowing on the liability-side, and the portfolio allocation between savings and investment on the asset-side. Bond issuances have lower intermediation costs than bank debt, but the latter can be restructured when firms are in financial distress. In response to a contraction in bank credit supply, firms substitute bank loans with bond issues and thus become more exposed to the risk of financial distress. This strengthens firms� precautionary incentive to increase cash holdings at the expense of investment, as they optimally trade-off growth against self-insurance via cash holdings. Model simulations suggest that this �precautionary savings� channel can account for 40 percent of the decline in aggregate investment in the first two years of the Great Recession, and more than one-half of the decline in the following five years.
Trilepton Signal for Supersymmetry at the Fermilab Tevatron Revisited
Creators: name: Baer, Howard
name: Drees, Manuel
name: Paige, Frank
name: Quintana, Pamela
name: Tata, Xerxes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within a wide class of models, the LEP2 lower limit of 95 GeV on the chargino mass implies gluinos are heavier than $\sim$300 GeV. In this case electroweak $\tw_1\twb_1$ and $\tw_1\tz_2$ production are the dominant SUSY processes at the Tevatron, and the extensively examined isolated trilepton signal from $\tw_1\tz_2$ production assumes an even greater importance. We update our previous calculations of the SUSY reach of luminosity upgrades of the Fermilab Tevatron in this channel incorporating ({\it i}) decay matrix elements in the computation of the momenta of leptons from chargino and neutralino decays, ({\it ii}) the trilepton background from $W^*Z^*$ and $W^*γ^*$ production which, though neglected in previous analyses, turns out to be the dominant background, and finally, ({\it iii}) modified sets of cuts designed to reduce these new backgrounds and increase the range of model parameters for which the signal is observable. We show our improved projections for the reach for SUSY of both the Fermilab Main Injector and the proposed TeV33 upgrade. We also present opposite sign same flavor dilepton invariant mass distributions as well as the $p_T$ distributions of leptons in SUSY trilepton events, and comment upon how the inclusion of decay matrix elements impacts upon the Tevatron reach, as well as upon the extraction of neutralino masses.
description: final version to coincide with published manuscript
Aspects on Finding the Optimal Practical Programming Exercise for MOOCs
Creators: name: Teusner, Ralf
name: Hille, Thomas
name: Hagedorn, Christiane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) focus on manifold subjects, ranging from social sciences over languages to technical skills, and use different means to train the respective skills. MOOCs that are teaching programming skills aim to incorporate practical exercises into the course corpus to give students the hands-on experience necessary for understanding and mastering programming. These exercises, apart from technical challenges, come with a series of questions to be addressed, for example: which fraction of the participants' time should they take (compared to video lectures and other course activities), which difficulty should be aimed for, how much guidance should be offered and how much repetition should be incorporated? The perceived difficulty of a task depends on previous knowledge, supplied hints, the required time for solving and the number of failed attempts the participant made. Furthermore, the detail and accuracy of the problem description, the restrictiveness of the applied test cases and the preparation provided specifically for a given exercise also influence the perceived difficulty of a task. In this paper, we explore the data of three programming courses to find criteria for optimal practical programming exercises. Based on over 3 million executions and scoring runs of participants' task submissions, we aim to deduct exercise difficulty, student patterns in approaching the tasks and potential flaws in task descriptions and preparatory videos. We compare our findings to in class trainings and traditional, mostly video and quiz based MOOCs. Finally, we propose approaches and methods to improve programming courses for participants as well as instructors.
description: 8 pages
A General Signal of a Phase Transition from Single-Particle Momentum Distributions
Creators: name: Wang, H. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A two-particle space correlation function is derived from the single-particle momentum distribution of the emission source. A signal of a first order phase transition is obtained from this correlation function if density fluctuations are large.
description: 5 pages, 2 Postscript figures