cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optical phase-noise dynamics of Titanium:sapphire optical frequency combs
Creators: name: Quraishi, Qudsia
name: Diddams, Scott
name: Hollberg, Leo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stabilized optical frequency combs (OFC) can have remarkable levels of coherence across their broad spectral bandwidth. We study the scaling of the optical noise across hundreds of nanometers of optical spectra. We measure the residual phase noise between two OFC's (having offset frequencies $f^{(1)}_0 $ and $f^{(2)}_0$) referenced to a common cavity-stabilized narrow linewidth CW laser. Their relative offset frequency $ Δf_0 = f^{(2)}_0 - f^{(1)}_0 $, which appears across their entire spectra, provides a convenient measure of the phase noise. By comparing $Δf_0$ at different spectral regions, we demonstrate that the observed scaling of the residual phase noise is in very good agreement with the noise predicted from the standard frequency comb equation.
Design recommendations for exoskeletons: Perspectives of individuals with spinal cord injury
Creators: name: van Silfhout, Lysanne
name: Hosman, Allard J.F.
name: van de Meent, Henk
name: Bartels, Ronald H.M.A.
name: Edwards, Michael J.R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: This study investigated the expectations of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) regarding exoskeletons. The survey consisted out of questions regarding multiple aspects of exoskeleton technology. An online survey was distributed via the monthly newsletter of the Dutch Patient Association for Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Individuals with SCI who are members of the Dutch Patient Association for SCI. General impression of exoskeleton technology, expectations regarding capabilities and user-friendliness, training expectations and experiences, future perspectives and points of improvement. The survey was filled out by 95 individuals with SCI, exoskeletons were considered positive and desirable by 74.7%. About 11 percent (10.5%) thought one could ambulate faster, or just as fast, while wearing an exoskeleton as able-bodied people. Furthermore, 18.9% expected not to use a wheelchair or walking aids while ambulating with the exoskeleton. Twenty-five percent believed that exoskeletons could replace wheelchairs. Some main points of improvement included being able to wear the exoskeleton in a wheelchair and while driving a car, not needing crutches while ambulating, and being able to put the exoskeleton on by oneself. Individuals with SCI considered exoskeletons as a positive and desirable innovation. But based on the findings from the surveys, major points of improvement are necessary for exoskeletons to replace wheelchairs in the future. For future exoskeleton development, we recommend involvement of individuals with SCI to meet user expectations and improve in functionality, usability and quality of exoskeletons.
Predicting Geometric Errors and Failures in Additive Manufacturing
Creators: name: Ntousia, Margarita
name: Fudos, Ioannis
name: Moschopoulos, Spyridon
name: Stamati, Vasiliki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.3.5; I.3.8; I.3.m

description: Additive manufacturing is a process that has facilitated the cost effective production of complicated designs. Objects fabricated via additive manufacturing technologies often suffer from dimensional accuracy issues and other part specific problems such as thin part robustness, overhang geometries that may collapse, support structures that cannot be removed, engraved and embossed details that are indistinguishable. In this work we present an approach to predict the dimensional accuracy per vertex and per part. Furthermore, we provide a framework for estimating the probability that a model is fabricated correctly via an additive manufacturing technology for a specific application. This framework can be applied to several 3D printing technologies and applications. In the context of this paper, a thorough experimental evaluation is presented for binder jetting technology and applications.
description: This version has been published in the Rapid Prototyping Journal (2023)
Whistler wave generation by non-gyrotropic, relativistic, electron beams
Creators: name: Skender, Marina
name: Tsiklauri, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle-in-cell code, EPOCH, is used for studying features of the wave component evident to propagate backwards from the front of the non-gyrotropic, relativistic beam of electrons injected in the Maxwellian, magnetised background plasma with decreasing density profile. According to recent findings presented in Tsiklauri (2011), Schmitz & Tsiklauri (2013) and Pechhacker & Tsiklauri (2012), in a 1.5-dimensional magnetised plasma system, the non-gyrotropic beam generates freely escaping electromagnetic radiation with properties similar to the Type-III solar radio bursts. In this study the backwards propagating wave component evident in the perpendicular components of the elecromagnetic field in such a system is presented for the first time. Background magnetic field strength in the system is varied in order to prove that the backwards propagating wave's frequency, prescribed by the whistler wave dispersion relation, is proportional to the specified magnetic field. Moreover, the identified whistlers are shown to be generated by the normal Doppler-shifted relativistic resonance. Large fraction of the energy of the perpendicular electromagnetic field components is found to be carried away by the whistler waves, while a small but sufficient fraction is going into L- and R- electromagnetic modes.
FloralClust
Creators: name: Roos, Viktoriya
name: Puzis, Rami
name: Salman, Ibrahim
name: Tzin, Vered
name: Seifan, Merav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The identification of floral volatiles that ensure pollination services is an important step in creating and implementing ecologically-friendly solutions to agricultural challenges. Typically, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are identified based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) targeted analysis, a time-consuming and subjective process relying on prior knowledge and manual curation. To improve this, we propose FloralClust, a novel pseudo-targeted approach for VOC classification based on an adaptive clustering algorithm that considers flowers’ circadian rhythms as flower-insect communication agents.
Nematic excitonic insulator in transition metal dichalcogenide moiré heterobilayers
Creators: name: Xie, Ming
name: Pan, Haining
name: Wu, Fengcheng
name: Sarma, Sankar Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of inter-electron Coulomb interactions on the displacement field induced topological phase transition in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) moiré heterobilayers. We find a nematic excitonic insulator (NEI) phase that breaks the moiré superlattice's three-fold rotational symmetry and preempts the topological phase transition in both AA and AB stacked heterobilayers when the interlayer tunneling is weak, or when the Coulomb interaction is not strongly screened. The nematicity originates from the frustration between the nontrivial spatial structure of the interlayer tunneling, which is crucial to the existence of the topological Chern band, and the interlayer coherence induced by the Coulomb interaction that favors uniformity in layer pseudo-spin orientations. We construct a unified effective two-band model that captures the physics near the band inversion and applies to both AA and AB stacked heterobilayers. Within the two-band model, the competition between the NEI phase and the Chern insulator phase can be understood as the switching of the energetic order between the $s$-wave and the $p$-wave excitons upon increasing the interlayer tunneling.
description: 6 pages and 4 figures
Solutions of the Bethe-Salpeter Equation in Minkowski space: a comparative study
Creators: name: Salme`, Giovanni
name: Frederico, Tobias
name: Viviani, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bethe-Salpeter Equation for a two-scalar, S-wave bound system, interacting through a massive scalar, is investigated within the ladder approximation. By assuming a Nakanishi integral representation of the Bethe-Salpeter amplitude, one can deduce new integral equations that can be solved and quantitatively studied, overcoming the analytic difficulties of the Minkowski space. Finally, it is shown that the Light-front distributions of the valence state, directly obtained from the Bethe-Salpeter amplitude, open an effective window for studying the two-body dynamics.
description: 4 pages and 4 figures. To appear in Few-Body Systems
Texture Based Image Segmentation of Chili Pepper X-Ray Images Using Gabor Filter
Creators: name: Rajalakshmi, M.
name: Subashini, Dr. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Texture segmentation is the process of partitioning an image into regions with different textures containing a similar group of pixels. Detecting the discontinuity of the filter's output and their statistical properties help in segmenting and classifying a given image with different texture regions. In this proposed paper, chili x-ray image texture segmentation is performed by using Gabor filter. The texture segmented result obtained from Gabor filter fed into three texture filters, namely Entropy, Standard Deviation and Range filter. After performing texture analysis, features can be extracted by using Statistical methods. In this paper Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrices and First order statistics are used as feature extraction methods. Features extracted from statistical methods are given to Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Using this methodology, it is found that texture segmentation is followed by the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix feature extraction method gives a higher accuracy rate of 84% when compared with First order feature extraction method. Key Words: Texture segmentation, Texture filter, Gabor filter, Feature extraction methods, SVM classifier.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 8 tables
Lower Bound on Translative Covering Density of Tetrahedra
Creators: name: Li, Yiming
name: Fu, Miao
name: Zhang, Yuqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52C17, 52B10, 52C07

description: In this paper, we present the first nontrivial lower bound on the translative covering density of tetrahedra. To this end, we show the lower bound, in any translative covering of tetrahedra, on the density relative to a given cube. The resulting lower bound on the translative covering density of tetrahedra is $1+1.227\times10^{-3}$.
Computer Simulations of Charged Colloids in Alternating Electric Fields
Creators: name: Zhou, Jiajia
name: Schmid, Friederike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly review recent theoretical and simulation studies of charged colloidal dispersions in alternating electric fields (AC fields). The response of single colloid to an external field can be characterized by a complex polarizability, which describes the dielectric properties of the colloid and its surrounding electrical double layer. We present computer simulation studies of single spherical colloid, using a coarse-grained mesoscale approach that accounts in full for hydrodynamic and electrostatic interactions as well as for thermal fluctuations. We investigate systematically a number of controlling parameters, such as the amplitude and frequency of the AC-fields. The results are in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Optimal local work extraction from bipartite quantum systems in the presence of Hamiltonian couplings
Creators: name: Salvia, Raffaele
name: De Palma, Giacomo
name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the problem of finding the local analogue of the ergotropy, that is the maximum work that can be extracted from a system if we can only apply local unitary transformation acting on a given subsystem. In particular, we provide a closed formula for the local ergotropy in the special case in which the local system has only two levels, and give analytic lower bounds and semidefinite programming upper bounds for the general case. As non-trivial examples of application, we compute the local ergotropy for a atom in an electromagnetic cavity with Jaynes-Cummings coupling, and the local ergotropy for a spin site in an XXZ Heisenberg chain, showing that the amount of work that can be extracted with an unitary operation on the coupled system can be greater than the work obtainable by quenching off the coupling with the environment before the unitary transformation.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Mass Renormalization in Lorentz-violating Scalar Field Theory
Creators: name: Carvalho, Paulo R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we evaluate the $γ_{m}$ function corresponding to mass renormalization for O($N$) scalar field theory with Lorentz violation. We calculate this function up to two-loop order for a theory renormalized utilizing the counterterm method in the minimal subtraction scheme with Feynman diagrams regularized using dimensional regularization.
description: 11 pages
A Passive Probe for Subsurface Oceans and Liquid Water in Jupiter's Icy Moons
Creators: name: Romero-Wolf, Andrew
name: Vance, Steve
name: Maiwald, Frank
name: Heggy, Essam
name: Ries, Paul
name: Liewer, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an interferometric reflectometer method for passive detection of subsurface oceans and liquid water in Jovian icy moons using Jupiter's decametric radio emission (DAM). The DAM flux density exceeds 3,000 times the galactic background in the neighborhood of the Jovian icy moons, providing a signal that could be used for passive radio sounding. An instrument located between the icy moon and Jupiter could sample the DAM emission along with its echoes reflected in the ice layer of the target moon. Cross-correlating the direct emission with the echoes would provide a measurement of the ice shell thickness along with its dielectric properties. The interferometric reflectometer provides a simple solution to sub-Jovian radio sounding of ice shells that is complementary to ice penetrating radar measurements better suited to measurements in the anti-Jovian hemisphere that shadows Jupiter's strong decametric emission. The passive nature of this technique also serves as risk reduction in case of radar transmitter failure. The interferometric reflectometer could operate with electrically short antennas, thus extending ice depth measurements to lower frequencies, and potentially providing a deeper view into the ice shells of Jovian moons.
description: Submitted to Icarus
The use of alkaline phosphatase as a bone turnover marker after spinal cord injury: A scoping review of human and animal studies
Creators: name: Ponzano, Matteo
name: Wiest, Matheus J.
name: Coleman, André
name: Newton, Emily
name: Pakosh, Maureen
name: Patsakos, Eleni M.
name: Magnuson, David S. K.
name: Giangregorio, Lora M.
name: Craven, B. Catharine
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is measured as an indicator of bone or liver disease. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) is an isoform of ALP found in the bone tissue which can predict fractures and heterotopic ossification. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the current use of ALP and B-ALP in studies using humans or animal models of SCI, and to identify ways to advance future research using ALP and B-ALP as a bone marker after SCI. HUMAN STUDIES: 42 studies were included. The evidence regarding changes or differences in ALP levels in individuals with SCI compared to controls is conflicting. For example, a negative correlation between B-ALP and total femur BMD was observed in only one of three studies examining the association. B-ALP seemed to increase after administration of teriparatide, and to decrease after treatment with denosumab. The effects of exercise on ALP and B-ALP levels are heterogeneous and depend on the type of exercise performed. ANIMAL STUDIES: 11 studies were included. There is uncertainty regarding the response of ALP or B-ALP levels after SCI; levels increased after some interventions, including vibration protocols, curcumin supplementation, cycles in electromagnetic field or hyperbaric chamber. Calcitonin or bisphosphonate administration did not affect ALP levels. Researchers are encouraged to measure the bone-specific isoform of ALP rather than total ALP in future studies in humans of animal models of SCI.
Creating Inclusive Classes: IGELS Tools, Tips, & Strategies to Enhance Undergraduate Biology for Non-majors
Creators: name: Dewsbury, Bryan
name: Harrison, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2022

description: The syllabus is often your first engagement with students in your courses.​ This workshop session provides an introduction to using a rubric to assess and revise your syllabus to make it more inclusive.
Hyperscaling above the upper critical dimension
Creators: name: Berche, Bertrand
name: Kenna, Ralph
name: Walter, Jean-Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Above the upper critical dimension, the breakdown of hyperscaling is associated with dangerous irrelevant variables in the renormalization group formalism at least for systems with periodic boundary conditions. While these have been extensively studied, there have been only a few analyses of finite-size scaling with free boundary conditions. The conventional expectation there is that, in contrast to periodic geometries, finite-size scaling is Gaussian, governed by a correlation length commensurate with the lattice extent. Here, detailed numerical studies of the five-dimensional Ising model indicate that this expectation is unsupported, both at the infinite-volume critical point and at the pseudocritical point where the finite-size susceptibility peaks. Instead the evidence indicates that finite-size scaling at the pseudocritical point is similar to that in the periodic case. An analytic explanation is offered which allows hyperscaling to be extended beyond the upper critical dimension.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
Image Resolution and Contrast Enhancement of Satellite Geographical Images with Removal of Noise using Wavelet Transforms
Creators: name: Khairnar, Prajakta P.
name: Manjare, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper the technique for resolution and contrast enhancement of satellite geographical images based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), stationary wavelet transform (SWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) has been proposed. In this, the noise is added in the input low resolution and low contrast image. The median filter is used remove noise from the input image. This low resolution, low contrast image without noise is decomposed into four sub-bands by using DWT and SWT. The resolution enhancement technique is based on the interpolation of high frequency components obtained by DWT and input image. SWT is used to enhance input image. DWT is used to decompose an image into four frequency sub bands and these four sub-bands are interpolated using bicubic interpolation technique. All these sub-bands are reconstructed as high resolution image by using inverse DWT (IDWT). To increase the contrast the proposed technique uses DWT and SVD. GHE is used to equalize an image. The equalized image is decomposed into four sub-bands using DWT and new LL sub-band is reconstructed using SVD. All sub-bands are reconstructed using IDWT to generate high resolution and contrast image over conventional techniques. The experimental result shows superiority of the proposed technique over conventional techniques. Key words: Discrete wavelet transform (DWT), General histogram equalization (GHE), Median filter, Singular value decomposition (SVD), Stationary wavelet transform (SWT).
description: 5 pages, 10 figures
A replica trick for rare samples
Creators: name: Rizzo, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of disordered systems with quenched Hamiltonians I address the problem of characterizing rare samples where the thermal average of a specific observable has a value different from the typical one. These rare samples can be selected through a variation of the replica trick which amounts to replicate the system and divide the replicas in two groups containing respectively $M$ and $-M$ replicas. Replicas in the first (second) group experience an positive (negative) small field $O(1/M)$ conjugate to the observable considered and the $M \rightarrow \infty$ limit is to be taken in the end. Applications to the random-field Ising model and to the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model are discussed.
title: A Desert Tortoise–Common Raven Viable Conflict Threshold
Creators: name: Holcomb, Kerry L
name: Coates, Peter S.
name: Prochazka, Brian G
name: Shields, Timothy
name: Boarman, William I
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2021

description: Since 1966, common raven (Corvus corax; raven) abundance has increased throughout much of this species’ Holarctic distribution, fueled by an ever-expanding supply of anthropogenic resource subsidies (e.g., water, food, shelter, and nesting substrate) to ecoregion specific raven population carrying capacities. Consequently, ravens are implicated in declines of both avian and reptilian species of conservation concern, including the California (USA) endangered and federally threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii; desert tortoise). While ravens are a natural predator of desert tortoises, the inter-generational stability of desert tortoise populations is expected to be compromised as annual juvenile survival is suppressed below 0.77 through a combination of raven depredation and other sources of mortality. To estimate the extent to which raven depredation suppresses desert tortoise recruitment within the Mojave Desert of California, we collected data from 274 variable-radius point counts, 78 desert tortoise decoy stations, and 8 control stations during the spring of 2020. Additionally, we complied a geodatabase of previously active raven nests, observed between 2013 and 2020. Raven density estimates from 4 monitoring areas ranged between 0.63 (eastern most) and 2.44 (western most) raven km-2 (95% CI: 0.35–1.14 and 1.33–4.48, respectively). We used a Bayesian shared frailty model to estimate the effects of raven density and distance to the nearest previously active raven nest on the annual “survival” of juvenile desert tortoise decoys (75-mm Midline Carapace Length), which we then converted into survival estimates for 0- to 10-year-old desert tortoises by adjusting exposure to reflect natural activity patterns. At the 1.72-km median distance from the nearest previously active raven nest, the estimated annual survival of desert tortoises decreased as raven density increased, ranging among conservation areas from 0.774 (eastern most) to 0.733 (western most). Accordingly, our model predicts that desert tortoise populations exposed to raven densities in excess of 0.89 raven km-2, at a distance
The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Vector Magnetic Field Pipeline: SHARPs -- Space-weather HMI Active Region Patches
Creators: name: Bobra, Monica G.
name: Sun, Xudong
name: Hoeksema, J. Todd
name: Turmon, Michael J.
name: Liu, Yang
name: Hayashi, Keiji
name: Barnes, Graham
name: Leka, K. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new data product from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) called Space-weather HMI Active Region Patches (SHARPs) is now available. SDO/HMI is the first space-based instrument to map the full-disk photospheric vector magnetic field with high cadence and continuity. The SHARP data series provide maps in patches that encompass automatically tracked magnetic concentrations for their entire lifetime; map quantities include the photospheric vector magnetic field and its uncertainty, along with Doppler velocity, continuum intensity, and line-of-sight magnetic field. Furthermore, keywords in the SHARP data series provide several parameters that concisely characterize the magnetic-field distribution and its deviation from a potential-field configuration. These indices may be useful for active-region event forecasting and for identifying regions of interest. The indices are calculated per patch and are available on a twelve-minute cadence. Quick-look data are available within approximately three hours of observation; definitive science products are produced approximately five weeks later. SHARP data are available at http://jsoc.stanford.edu and maps are available in either of two different coordinate systems. This article describes the SHARP data products and presents examples of SHARP data and parameters.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures. Accepted to Solar Physics
Presentation: Monitoring Diversity Of Fish In Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra Using The EDNA Method With The Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technique
Creators: name: Roesma, Dewi Imelda
name: Djong Hon Tjong
name: Janra, Muhammad Nazri
name: Dyta Rabbani Aidil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This material presented in 2nd ICESE 2020
Supplementary document for Weakly supervised identification of microscopic human breast cancer-related optical signatures from normal-appearing breast tissue - 6146357.pdf
Creators: name: Shi, Jindou
name: Tu, Haohua
name: Park, Jaena
name: Marjanovic, Marina
name: Higham, Anna
name: Luckey, Natasha
name: Cradock, Kimberly
name: Liu, George
name: Boppart, Stephen
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: All supplementary notes, figures, and tables mentioned in the manuscript
Supplementary document for Weakly supervised identification of microscopic human breast cancer-related optical signatures from normal-appearing breast tissue - 6300209.pdf
Creators: name: Shi, Jindou
name: Tu, Haohua
name: Park, Jaena
name: Marjanovic, Marina
name: Higham, Anna
name: Luckey, Natasha
name: Cradock, Kimberly
name: Liu, George
name: Boppart, Stephen
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Doc
Supplementary document for Terahertz imaging of human skin pathologies using laser feedback interferometry with quantum cascade lasers - 6293211.pdf
Creators: name: Qi, Xiaoqiong
name: Bertling, Karl
name: Stark, Mitchell
name: Taimre, Thomas
name: Kao, Yung-Ching
name: Lim, Yah Leng
name: Han, She
name: Brien, Blake
name: Collins, Angus
name: Walsh, Michael
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary Document
Spectroscopy Apparatus for the Measurement of The Hyperfine Structure of Antihydrogen
Creators: name: Malbrunot, C.
name: Caradonna, P.
name: Diermaier, M.
name: Dilaver, N.
name: Friedreich, S.
name: Kolbinger, B.
name: Lehner, S.
name: Lundmark, R.
name: Massiczek, O.
name: Radics, B.
name: Sauerzopf, C.
name: Simon, M.
name: Widmann, E.
name: Wolf, M.
name: Wunschek, B.
name: Zmeskal, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ASACUSA CUSP collaboration at the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) of CERN is planning to measure the ground-state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen using an atomic spectroscopy beamline. We describe here the latest developments on the spectroscopy apparatus developed to be coupled to the antihydrogen production setup (CUSP).
description: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Low Energy Antiproton Physics (LEAP 2013) held in Uppsala, Sweden, 10 to 15 June, 2013
Indirect precise angular control using four-wave mixing
Creators: name: Zhang, Wei
name: Ding, Dong-Sheng
name: Jiang, Yun-Kun
name: Shi, Bao-Sen
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we show indirect precise angular control using a four-wave mixing (FWM) process. This was performed with a superposition of light with orbital angular momentum (OAM) in an M-Type configuration of a hot 85Rb atomic ensemble. A gear-shaped interference pattern is observed at FWM light with a donut-shaped input signal. The gear could be rotated and is controlled through the change of the polarization of the pump laser. Our experimental results that are based on nonlinear coherent interactions have applications in image processing and precise angular control.
description: Accepted by Applied Physics Letters
Lattice control of non-ergodicity in a polar lattice gas
Creators: name: Korbmacher, H.
name: Sierant, P.
name: Li, W.
name: Deng, X.
name: Zakrzewski, J.
name: Santos, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inter-site interactions in polar lattice gases may result, due to Hilbert-space fragmentation, in a lack of ergodicity even in absence of disorder. We show that the inter-site interaction in a one-dimensional dipolar gas in an optical lattice departs from the usually considered $1/r^3$ dependence, acquiring a universal form that depends on the transversal confinement and the lattice depth. Due to the crucial role played by the nearest- and next-to-nearest neighbors, the Hilbert-space fragmentation and particle dynamics are very similar to that of a power-law model $1/r^{β_{\mathrm{eff}}<3}$, where $β_{\mathrm{eff}}$ is experimentally controllable by properly tailoring the transversal confinement. Our results are of direct experimental relevance for experiments on dipolar gases in optical lattices, and show that the particle dynamics may be remarkably different if the quasi-1D lattice model is realized in a strong 3D lattice, or by means of a strong transversal harmonic confinement.
description: version close to that published
Memory and rejuvenation in spin glasses: aging systems are ruled by more than one length scale
Creators: name: Janus Collaboration
name: Baity-Jesi, M.
name: Calore, E.
name: Cruz, A.
name: Fernandez, L. A.
name: Gil-Narvion, J. M.
name: Pemartin, I. Gonzalez-Adalid
name: Gordillo-Guerrero, A.
name: Iñiguez, D.
name: Maiorano, A.
name: Marinari, E.
name: Martin-Mayor, V.
name: Moreno-Gordo, J.
name: Muñoz-Sudupe, A.
name: Navarro, D.
name: Paga, I.
name: Parisi, G.
name: Perez-Gaviro, S.
name: Ricci-Tersenghi, F.
name: Ruiz-Lorenzo, J. J.
name: Schifano, S. F.
name: Seoane, B.
name: Tarancon, A.
name: Tripiccione, R.
name: Yllanes, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Memory and rejuvenation effects in the magnetic response of off-equilibrium spin glasses have been widely regarded as the doorway into the experimental exploration of ultrametricity and temperature chaos (maybe the most exotic features in glassy free-energy landscapes). Unfortunately, despite more than twenty years of theoretical efforts following the experimental discovery of memory and rejuvenation, these effects have thus far been impossible to simulate reliably. Yet, three recent developments convinced us to accept this challenge: first, the custom-built Janus II supercomputer makes it possible to carry out "numerical experiments" in which the very same quantities that can be measured in single crystals of CuMn are computed from the simulation, allowing for parallel analysis of the simulation/experiment data. Second, Janus II simulations have taught us how numerical and experimental length scales should be compared. Third, we have recently understood how temperature chaos materializes in aging dynamics. All three aspects have proved crucial for reliably reproducing rejuvenation and memory effects on the computer. Our analysis shows that (at least) three different length scales play a key role in aging dynamics, while essentially all theoretical analyses of the aging dynamics emphasize the presence and the crucial role of a single glassy correlation length.
description: Main text:13 pages, 4 figures SM: 7 pages, 8 figures
Optimal Strategic Mining Against Cryptographic Self-Selection in Proof-of-Stake
Creators: name: Ferreira, Matheus V. X.
name: Hahn, Ye Lin Sally
name: Weinberg, S. Matthew
name: Yu, Catherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Cryptographic Self-Selection is a subroutine used to select a leader for modern proof-of-stake consensus protocols, such as Algorand. In cryptographic self-selection, each round $r$ has a seed $Q_r$. In round $r$, each account owner is asked to digitally sign $Q_r$, hash their digital signature to produce a credential, and then broadcast this credential to the entire network. A publicly-known function scores each credential in a manner so that the distribution of the lowest scoring credential is identical to the distribution of stake owned by each account. The user who broadcasts the lowest-scoring credential is the leader for round $r$, and their credential becomes the seed $Q_{r+1}$. Such protocols leave open the possibility of a selfish-mining style attack: a user who owns multiple accounts that each produce low-scoring credentials in round $r$ can selectively choose which ones to broadcast in order to influence the seed for round $r+1$. Indeed, the user can pre-compute their credentials for round $r+1$ for each potential seed, and broadcast only the credential (among those with a low enough score to be the leader) that produces the most favorable seed. We consider an adversary who wishes to maximize the expected fraction of rounds in which an account they own is the leader. We show such an adversary always benefits from deviating from the intended protocol, regardless of the fraction of the stake controlled. We characterize the optimal strategy; first by proving the existence of optimal positive recurrent strategies whenever the adversary owns last than $38\%$ of the stake. Then, we provide a Markov Decision Process formulation to compute the optimal strategy.
description: 31 pages, ACM EC 2022
Supplementary document for Terahertz imaging of human skin pathologies using laser feedback interferometry with quantum cascade lasers - 6276472.pdf
Creators: name: Qi, Xiaoqiong
name: Bertling, Karl
name: Stark, Mitchell
name: Taimre, Thomas
name: Kao, Yung-Ching
name: Lim, Yah Leng
name: Han, She
name: Brien, Blake
name: Collins, Angus
name: Walsh, Michael
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental document
Supplementary document for Terahertz imaging of human skin pathologies using laser feedback interferometry with quantum cascade lasers - 6150172.pdf
Creators: name: Qi, Xiaoqiong
name: Bertling, Karl
name: Stark, Mitchell
name: Taimre, Thomas
name: Kao, Yung-Ching
name: Lim, Yah Leng
name: Han, She
name: Brien, Blake
name: Collins, Angus
name: Walsh, Michael
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document
Evolving community structure in the international pesticide trade networks
Creators: name: Li, Jian-An
name: Wang, Li
name: Xie, Wen-Jie
name: Zhou, Wei-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical properties including community structure of the international trade networks of all commodities as a whole have been studied extensively. However, the international trade networks of individual commodities often behave differently. Due to the importance of pesticides in agricultural production and food security, we investigate the evolving community structure in the international pesticide trade networks (iPTNs) of five categories from 2007 to 2018. We unveil the community structures in the undirected and directed iPTNs exhibits regional patterns. However, the regional patterns are very different for undirected and directed networks and for different categories of pesticide. Moreover, the community structure is stabler in the directed iPTNs than in the undirected iPTNs. We also extract the intrinsic community blocks for the directed international trade networks of each pesticide category. It is found that the largest intrinsic community block is the stablest that appears in every pesticide category and contains important economies (Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Netherlands, and Portugal) in Europe. Other important and stable intrinsic community blocks are Canada and the United States in North America, Argentina and Brazil in South America, and Australia and New Zealand in Oceania. These findings imply the importance of geographic distance and the complementarity of important adjacent economies in the international trade of pesticides.
description: 31 pages including 22 figures
The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Vector Magnetic Field Pipeline: Overview and Performance
Creators: name: Hoeksema, J. Todd
name: Liu, Yang
name: Hayashi, Keiji
name: Sun, Xudong
name: Schou, Jesper
name: Couvidat, Sebastien
name: Norton, Aimee
name: Bobra, Monica
name: Centeno, Rebecca
name: Leka, K. D.
name: Barnes, Graham
name: Turmon, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) began near-continuous full-disk solar measurements on 1 May 2010 from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). An automated processing pipeline keeps pace with observations to produce observable quantities, including the photospheric vector magnetic field, from sequences of filtergrams. The primary 720s observables were released in mid 2010, including Stokes polarization parameters measured at six wavelengths as well as intensity, Doppler velocity, and the line-of-sight magnetic field. More advanced products, including the full vector magnetic field, are now available. Automatically identified HMI Active Region Patches (HARPs) track the location and shape of magnetic regions throughout their lifetime. The vector field is computed using the Very Fast Inversion of the Stokes Vector (VFISV) code optimized for the HMI pipeline; the remaining 180 degree azimuth ambiguity is resolved with the Minimum Energy (ME0) code. The Milne-Eddington inversion is performed on all full-disk HMI observations. The disambiguation, until recently run only on HARP regions, is now implemented for the full disk. Vector and scalar quantities in the patches are used to derive active region indices potentially useful for forecasting; the data maps and indices are collected in the SHARP data series, hmi.sharp_720s. Patches are provided in both CCD and heliographic coordinates. HMI provides continuous coverage of the vector field, but has modest spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution. Coupled with limitations of the analysis and interpretation techniques, effects of the orbital velocity, and instrument performance, the resulting measurements have a certain dynamic range and sensitivity and are subject to systematic errors and uncertainties that are characterized in this report.
description: 42 pages, 19 figures, accepted to Solar Physics
Visualized Wave Mechanics by Coupled Macroscopic Pendula: Classical Analogue to Driven Quantum Bits
Creators: name: Lorenz, Heribert
name: Kohler, Sigmund
name: Parafilo, Anton
name: Kiselev, Mikhail
name: Ludwig, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum mechanics increasingly penetrates modern technologies but, due to its non-deterministic nature seemingly contradicting our classical everyday world, our comprehension often stays elusive. Arguing along the correspondence principle, classical mechanics is often seen as a theory for large systems where quantum coherence is completely averaged out. Surprisingly, it is still possible to reconstruct the coherent dynamics of a quantum bit (qubit) by using a classical model system. This classical-to-quantum analogue is based on wave mechanics, which applies to both, the classical and the quantum world. In this spirit we investigate the dynamics of macroscopic physical pendula with a modulated coupling. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate full control of our one-to-one analogue to a qubit by realizing Rabi oscillations, Landau-Zener transitions and Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana interferometry. Our classical qubit demonstrator can help comprehending and developing useful quantum technologies.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures
Higher-twist contributions to neutrino-production of pions
Creators: name: Kopeliovich, B. Z.
name: Schmidt, Ivan
name: Siddikov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we estimate the size of twist-3 corrections to the deeply virtual meson production in neutrino interactions due to the chiral odd transversity Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD). We conclude that in contrast to pion electroproduction, in neutrino-induced reactions these corrections are small. This happens due to large contribution of unpolarized GPDs H, E to the leading-twist amplitude in neutrinoproduction. We provide a computational code, which can be used for evaluation of the cross-sections accounting for these twist-3 corrections with various GPD models. Our results are particularly relevant for analyses of the pion and kaon production in the Minerva experiment at FERMILAB.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Targeted Gene Inactivation of Calpain-1 Suppresses Cortical Degeneration Due to Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress*
Creators: name: Yamada, Kaori
name: Kozlowski, Dorothy A
name: Seidl, Stacey E
name: Lance, Steven
name: Wieschhaus, Adam J
name: Sundivakkam, Premanand
name: Tiruppathi, Chinnaswamy
name: Chishti, Imran
name: Herman, Ira M
name: Kuchay, Shafi
name: Chishti, Athar H
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Calpains are calcium-regulated cysteine proteases that have been implicated in the regulation of cell death pathways. Here, we used our calpain-1 null mouse model to evaluate the function of calpain-1 in neural degeneration following a rodent model of traumatic brain injury. In vivo, calpain-1 null mice show significantly less neural degeneration and apoptosis and a smaller contusion 3 days post-injury than wild type littermates. Protection from traumatic brain injury corroborated with the resistance of calpain-1 neurons to apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Biochemical analysis revealed that caspase-3 activation, extracellular calcium entry, mitochondrial membrane permeability, and release of apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria are partially blocked in the calpain-1 null neurons. These findings suggest that the calpain-1 knock-out mice may serve as a useful model system for neuronal protection and apoptosis in traumatic brain injury and other neurodegenerative disorders in which oxidative stress plays a role.
What are Your Pronouns? Examining Gender Pronoun Usage on Twitter
Creators: name: Jiang, Julie
name: Chen, Emily
name: Luceri, Luca
name: Murić, Goran
name: Pierri, Francesco
name: Chang, Ho-Chun Herbert
name: Ferrara, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stating your gender pronouns, along with your name, is becoming the new norm of self-introductions at school, at the workplace, and online. The increasing prevalence and awareness of nonconforming gender identities put discussions of developing gender-inclusive language at the forefront. This work presents the first empirical research on gender pronoun usage on large-scale social media. Leveraging a Twitter dataset of over 2 billion tweets collected continuously over two years, we find that the public declaration of gender pronouns is on the rise, with most people declaring as using she series pronouns, followed by he series pronouns, and a smaller but considerable amount of non-binary pronouns. From analyzing Twitter posts and sharing activities, we can discern users who use gender pronouns from those who do not and also distinguish users of various gender identities. We further illustrate the relationship between explicit forms of social network exposure to gender pronouns and their eventual gender pronoun adoption. This work carries crucial implications for gender-identity studies and initiates new research directions in gender-related fairness and inclusion, as well as support against online harassment and discrimination on social media.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 1 table