cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Light propagation in 2PN approximation in the monopole and quadrupole field of a body at rest: Initial value problem
Creators: name: Zschocke, Sven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light trajectory in the gravitational field of one body at rest with monopole and quadrupole structure is determined in the second post-Newtonian (2PN) approximation. The terms in the geodesic equation for light rays are separated into time-independent tensorial coefficients and four kind of time-dependent scalar functions. Accordingly, the first and second integration of geodesic equation can be reduced in each case to only four kind of scalar master integrals. These integrals can be solved in closed form by recurrence relations. The 2PN terms of monopole and quadrupole contribute less than $1$ nano-arcsecond to the total light deflection. There are, however, enhanced terms in the 2PN light deflection, both in case of monopole and quadrupole. These enhanced 2PN terms are caused by the use of an impact vector which is indispensable for modeling of real astrometric measurements. In case of grazing light rays at Jupiter and Saturn, the enhanced 2PN terms, caused by the quadrupole structure of the body, amount up to 0.95 micro-arcseconds and 0.29 micro-arcseconds, respectively. Thus, the 2PN quadrupole terms are relevant for high-precision astrometry on the sub-micro-arcsecond scale of accuracy.
description: 55 pages, 1 figure, 4 tables
TicTacToes: Assessing Toe Movements as an Input Modality
Creators: name: Müller, Florian
name: Schmitt, Daniel
name: Matviienko, Andrii
name: Schön, Dominik
name: Günther, Sebastian
name: Kosch, Thomas
name: Schmitz, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: From carrying grocery bags to holding onto handles on the bus, there are a variety of situations where one or both hands are busy, hindering the vision of ubiquitous interaction with technology. Voice commands, as a popular hands-free alternative, struggle with ambient noise and privacy issues. As an alternative approach, research explored movements of various body parts (e.g., head, arms) as input modalities, with foot-based techniques proving particularly suitable for hands-free interaction. Whereas previous research only considered the movement of the foot as a whole, in this work, we argue that our toes offer further degrees of freedom that can be leveraged for interaction. To explore the viability of toe-based interaction, we contribute the results of a controlled experiment with 18 participants assessing the impact of five factors on the accuracy, efficiency and user experience of such interfaces. Based on the findings, we provide design recommendations for future toe-based interfaces.
description: To appear in Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 23), April 23-28, 2023, Hamburg, Germany. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 17 pages
Positive definite metric spaces
Creators: name: Meckes, Mark W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Magnitude is a numerical invariant of finite metric spaces, recently introduced by T. Leinster, which is analogous in precise senses to the cardinality of finite sets or the Euler characteristic of topological spaces. It has been extended to infinite metric spaces in several a priori distinct ways. This paper develops the theory of a class of metric spaces, positive definite metric spaces, for which magnitude is more tractable than in general. Positive definiteness is a generalization of the classical property of negative type for a metric space, which is known to hold for many interesting classes of spaces. It is proved that all the proposed definitions of magnitude coincide for compact positive definite metric spaces and further results are proved about the behavior of magnitude as a function of such spaces. Finally, some facts about the magnitude of compact subsets of l_p^n for p \le 2 are proved, generalizing results of Leinster for p=1,2, using properties of these spaces which are somewhat stronger than positive definiteness.
description: v5: Corrected some misstatements in the last few paragraphs. Updated references
On the Evolution of Seyfert galaxies, BL Lacertae objects and Flat-spectrum radio quasars
Creators: name: Iyida, Evaristus U.
name: Eze, Christian I.
name: Odo, Finbarr C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of the evolutionary sequence of jetted active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has been challenged in the last few decades since AGN subclasses are considered to be different due to their viewing angle. In this paper, we collected a sample of 1108 blazars (472 flat-spectrum radio quasars, FSRQs and 636 BL Lacertae objects, BL Lacs) and 120 Seyfert galaxies (SGs) with available redshifts and spectral properties in radio, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands in order to compare the properties of SGs and the blazar subclasses and also explore their possible unification through evolution. It is found that the ratio of the relative difference of SGs and the blazar subclasses are approximately the same implying that they have an evolutionary relationship. We discovered from the results of a two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K.S.) test, that the probabilities (p) for the composite spectral indices: optical-X-ray radio-X-ray radio-optical and X-ray-gamma-ray to come from the same parent population is p, less than 0.05, implying that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, thus, supports SGs-BL Lacs-FSRQs evolutionary sequence................. These results agree with the prediction that SGs have an evolutionary relationship with the blazar subclasses.
description: 11 Pages, 14 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science
In Sync: Exploring Synchronization to Increase Trust Between Humans and Non-humanoid Robots
Creators: name: Bartkowski, Wieslaw
name: Nowak, Andrzej
name: Czajkowski, Filip Ignacy
name: Schmidt, Albrecht
name: Müller, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When we go for a walk with friends, we can observe an interesting effect: From step lengths to arm movements - our movements unconsciously align; they synchronize. Prior research found that this synchronization is a crucial aspect of human relations that strengthens social cohesion and trust. Generalizing from these findings in synchronization theory, we propose a dynamical approach that can be applied in the design of non-humanoid robots to increase trust. We contribute the results of a controlled experiment with 51 participants exploring our concept in a between-subjects design. For this, we built a prototype of a simple non-humanoid robot that can bend to follow human movements and vary the movement synchronization patterns. We found that synchronized movements lead to significantly higher ratings in an established questionnaire on trust between people and automation but did not influence the willingness to spend money in a trust game.
description: To appear in Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 23), April 23-28, 2023, Hamburg, Germany. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 14 pages
Effect of shatterproof polymer film application on the fracture types and strength of glass subject to bending load
Creators: name: Kojima, Tomohisa
name: Momokawa, Ryohei
name: Matsuo, Takuma
name: Notomi, Mitsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shatterproof polymer films are widely for windows used because they can be easily installed on existing glass windows to improve safety. Applying them to glass plates has been reported to not only prevent fragments from scattering but also increase load-bearing capacity and penetration resistance. However, the clarification of their mechanism and quantitative evaluation are still insufficient because the effect of film application on the strength and failure mode of glass under quasi-static loading has not been investigated. In this study, three-point bending tests and fracture surface observations were conducted on a float glass with a shatterproof polymer film. The stress field formed inside the glass was visualised during the tests using the photoelastic method. By varying the support span of the specimen, the deformation mode was varied to generate three types of failures: bending, shear caused by Hertzian contact stress, and mixed-mode failures. Under the conditions in the present study, the breaking loads of the specimens with and without film were almost the same; however, the fracture surface observation indicated that the area subjected to shear failure caused by Hertzian contact stress was larger with film application. Finally, the effect of the film thickness on the breaking load due to bending deformation was theoretically predicted.
The Center-to-Limb Variation of Non-Thermal Velocities using IRIS Si IV
Creators: name: Rao, Yamini K.
name: Del Zanna, Giulio
name: Mason, Helen E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-thermal velocities in the quiet-sun using various high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). We focus our analysis on the transition region using the optically thin line (Si IV 1393.7 Å), and select line profiles that are nearly Gaussian. We find evidence of a centre-to-limb variation using different observations having different exposure times, ranging from 5-30 s. The distribution of non-thermal velocities close to the limb are observed to peak around 20 km s$^{-1}$ while the disc observations show a peak around 15 km s$^{-1}$. The distributions are also different. The overall variation in the non-thermal velocities are correlated with the intensity of the line, as found previously. The on-disc velocities are smaller than most previous observations. In general, we find that the non-thermal velocities are independent of the selected exposure times. The Si IV lines didn't seem to exhibit any significant opacity effects. We conclude that these Doppler motions are mostly transverse to the radial direction. The possibility of swaying/torsional motions leading to such variations are validated from these IRIS observations.
description: 21 pages, 2 Tables, 7 figures in the main paper, 18 figures in the appendix; Accepted, MNRAS, 2022
The current star formation rate of K+A galaxies
Creators: name: Nielsen, Danielle
name: De Propris, Roberto
name: Ridgway, Susan E.
name: Goto, Tomotsugu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the stacked 1.4 GHz flux from FIRST (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters) survey for 811 K+A galaxies selected from the SDSS DR7. For these objects we find a mean flux density of $56\pm 9$ $μ$Jy. A similar stack of radio-quiet white dwarfs yields an upper limit of 43 $μ$Jy at a 5$σ$ significance to the flux in blank regions of the sky. This implies an average star formation rate of 1.6 $\pm$ 0.3 M$_{\odot}$ year$^{-1}$ for K+A galaxies. However the majority of the signal comes from $\sim$4% of K+A fields that have aperture fluxes above the $5σ$ noise level of the FIRST survey. A stack of the remaining galaxies shows little residual flux consistent with an upper limit on star formation of 1.3 M$_{\odot}$ year$^{-1}$. Even for a subset of 456 `young' (spectral ages $
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Interleukin 21 controls tumour growth and tumour immunosurveillance in colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice
Creators: name: Jauch, Dominik
name: Martin, Maria
name: Schiechl, Gabriela
name: Kesselring, Rebecca
name: Schlitt, Hans J.
name: Geissler, Edward K.
name: Fichtner-Feigl, Stefan
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background and aims: Colitis-associated tumorigenesis is a balance between proliferation of tumour cells and tumour immunosurveillance. The role of T-helper-cell-derived cytokines in tumour growth is not fully understood. In this study the authors investigated the influence of interleukin (IL) 21 on intestinal tumorigenesis. Methods: Chronic colitis was induced in IL-21−/− and littermate control wild-type mice with three cycles of 1.5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) over 7 days followed by 7 days of drinking water. Mice received an azoxymethane injection on day 0 of DSS-colitis to induce tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemistry was performed on inflamed and tumour-bearing areas of colons. Cytokine expression of isolated colonic CD4 T cells was determined by ELISA. Cytotoxic capacity of isolated colonic CD8 T cells targeting tumour cells was evaluated by flow cytometry and quantitative cytotoxicity assay. Apoptosis of tumour cells was determined by TUNEL assay of colonic sections. Results: Increasing expression of IL-21 was observed in chronic colitis, which showed functional importance, since IL-21 deficiency prevented chronic DSS-colitis development. Further, in the absence of IL-21, significantly fewer tumour nodules were detected, despite a similar extent of intestinal inflammation. In wild-type mice, 8.6±1.9 tumour nodules were found compared with 1.0±1.2 in IL-21-deficient mice. In tumour-bearing IL-21-deficient mice, intestinal inflammation was restored and partly dependent on interferon (IFN)-γ, whereas the inflammation in wild-type mice showed high IL-17A concentrations. In these rare tumours in IL-21-deficient mice, tumour cell proliferation (Ki-67) was decreased, while cell apoptosis was increased, compared with wild-type mice. Increased IFNγ expression in tumour-bearing IL-21-deficient mice led to increased tumour immunosurveillance mediated by cytotoxic CD8CD103 T cells targeting E-cadherin+ colonic tumour cells and therefore limited tumour growth. Conclusion: These results indicate that IL-21 orchestrates colitis-associated tumorigenesis, leading to the hypothesis that high IFNγ and low IL-17A expression reduces tumour cell proliferation and increases tumour immunosurveillance.
To what extent is Gluon Confinement an empirical fact?
Creators: name: Delgado, Rafael L.
name: Hidalgo-Duque, Carlos
name: Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental verifications of Confinement in hadron physics have established the absence of charges with a fraction of the electron's charge by studying the energy deposited in ionization tracks at high energies, and performing Millikan experiments with charged droplets at rest. These experiments test only the absence of particles with fractional charge in the asymptotic spectrum, and thus "Quark" Confinement. However what theory suggests is that Color is confined, that is, all asymptotic particles are color singlets. Since QCD is a non-Abelian theory, the gluon force carriers (indirectly revealed in hadron jets) are colored. We empirically examine what can be said about Gluon Confinement based on the lack of detection of appropriate events, aiming at an upper bound for high-energy free-gluon production.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, version accepted at Few Body Physics
Diagnostic value of a hand-carried ultrasound device for free intra-abdominal fluid and organ lacerations in major trauma patients
Creators: name: Schleder, Stephan
name: Dendl, Lena Marie
name: Ernstberger, Antonio
name: Nerlich, Michael
name: Hoffstetter, Patrick
name: Jung, Ernst-Michael
name: Heiss, Peter
name: Stroszczynski, Christian
name: Schreyer, Andreas Georg
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Technological progress has led to the introduction of hand-carried ultrasound (HCU) imagers in clinical workflow. The aim of this study is to analyse whether examination with a HCU device is a rapid and reliable alternative to contrast-enhanced multidetector CT (MDCT) scans in diagnosis of free intra-abdominal fluid and organ lacerations in major trauma patients. Methods: 31 major trauma patients with an injury severity score >15 and the necessity of a MDCT scan (standard of reference) were enrolled prospectively to this study, and additionally examined with a HCU, according to ‘focused assessment with sonography for trauma’ principles for the assessment of organ lacerations and free intra-abdominal fluid. The HCU device employed was of the latest generation. Statistical analysis was performed using PASW V.18. Results: Four patients were diagnosed with free intra-abdominal fluid (prevalence 12.9%). HCU showed a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 100%, respectively. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100% and 96%, respectively. Five patients had organ lacerations (prevalence 16.1%). In these cases, the HCU was able to detect organ lacerations with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, a positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 100% and 96%, respectively, were calculated. Conclusion: In major trauma patients, examination with HCU according to the ‘focused assessment with sonography for trauma’ principles for the diagnosis of organ lacerations and free intra-abdominal fluid is a reliable and rapid alternative to MDCT scans and can help save precious time in emergency situations, and should, additionally, be evaluated in the pre-clinical workflow.
Attentional trade-offs under resource scarcity
Creators: name: Tomm, Brandon M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Resource scarcity poses challenging demands on the cognitive system. Budgeting with limited resources induces an attentional focus on the problem at hand, but it also comes with a cost. Specifically, scarcity causes a failure to notice beneficial information in the environment, or remember to execute actions in the future, that help alleviate the condition of scarcity. This neglect may arise as a result of attentional narrowing. Attentional trade-offs under scarcity can further determine memory encoding. In seven experiments, we demonstrated that participants under scarcity prioritized price information but neglected a useful discount when ordering food from a menu (Experiment 1); they showed better recall for information relevant to the focal task at a subsequent surprise memory test (Experiments 2 and 3); they performed more efficiently on the focal task but neglect a useful cue in the environment that could save them resources (Experiments 4-6); and they failed to remember the previous instructions to execute future actions that could save them resources (Experiment 7). These results collectively demonstrate that scarcity fundamentally shapes the way people process information in the environment, by directing attention to the most urgent task, while inducing a neglect of other information that can be beneficial. The attentional neglect and memory failures may lead to suboptimal behaviors that further aggravate the condition of scarcity. The results provide new insights on the behaviors of the poor, and also important implications for public policy and the design of welfare services and programs for low-income individuals.
Radium Ion Optical Clock
Creators: name: Holliman, C. A.
name: Fan, M.
name: Contractor, A.
name: Brewer, S. M.
name: Jayich, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first operation of a Ra$^{+}$ optical clock, a promising high-performance clock candidate. The clock uses a single trapped $^{226}$Ra$^{+}$ ion and operates on the $7s\ ^2S_{1/2}\rightarrow$ $6d\ ^2D_{5/2}$ electric quadrupole transition. By self-referencing three pairs of symmetric Zeeman transitions, we demonstrate a frequency instability of 1.1$\times10^{-13}$/$\sqrtτ$, where $τ$ is the averaging time in seconds. The total systematic uncertainty is evaluated to be ${Δν/ ν= 9 \times 10^{-16}}$. Using the clock, we realize the first measurement of the ratio of the $D_{5/2}$ state to the $S_{1/2}$ state Landé $g$-factors: $g_{D}/g_{S}$ = 0.5988053(11). A Ra$^{+}$ optical clock could improve limits on the time variation of the fine structure constant, $\dot α/ α$, in an optical frequency comparison. The ion also has several features that make it a suitable system for a transportable optical clock.
description: Main text 5 pages, 3 figures. Supplemental material 5 pages, 1 figure
Cosmological application of the lens-redshift probability distribution with improved galaxy-scale gravitational lensing sample
Creators: name: Li, Hui
name: Chen, Yun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct the cosmological analysis by using the lens-redshift distribution test with updated galaxy-scale strong lensing sample, where the considered scenarios involve three typical cosmological models (i.e., $Λ$CDM, $ω$CDM and $ω_0ω_a$CDM models) and three typical choices (i.e., non-evolving, power-law and exponential forms) for the velocity-dispersion distribution function (VDF) of lens galaxies. It shows that degeneracies between cosmological and VDF parameters lead to the shifts of estimates on the parameters. The limits on $Ω_{m0}$ from the lens-redshift distribution are consistent with those from the Pantheon+ Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) sample at 68.3% confidence level, though the uncertainties on $Ω_{m0}$ from the former are about 3 to 8 times larger than those from the latter. The mean values of $Ω_{m0}$ shift to the larger values in the power-law VDF case and to the lower values in the exponential VDF case, compared with those obtained in the non-evolving VDF case. In the $ω$CDM model, the limits on $ω_0$, i.e. the dark energy equation of state (EoS), are consistent with those from the Pantheon+ sample at 68.3% confidence level, but the mean values of $ω_0$ from the former are significantly smaller than those from the latter. In the $ω_0ω_a$CDM model, the uncertainties on $ω_0$ are dramatically enlarged compared with those obtained in the $ω$CDM model; moreover, the Markov chains of $ω_a$, i.e. the time-varying slope of EoS, do not achieve convergence in the three VDF cases. Overall, the lens-redshift distribution test is more effective on constraining $Ω_{m0}$ than on the dark energy EoS.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
A Generalisation of the Nielsen-Olesen Vortex: Non-cylindrical strings in a modified Abelian-Higgs model
Creators: name: Lake, Matthew
name: Ward, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We modify the standard Abelian-Higgs model by introducing spatially-dependent couplings for the scalar and vector fields. We investigate static, non-cylindrically symmetric solutions of the resulting field equations and propose a pinch solution which interpolates between degenerate vacua along the string, labelled by $\pm |n|$. This configuration corresponds to a vortex which shrinks to Planck scale before re-emerging as an anti-vortex, resulting in the formation of a bead pair with one bead at either side of the intersection. The solution is then topologically stable. A key assumption is that quantities such as phase and winding number, along with those which depend on them like the magnetic flux, become undefined at the Planck scale so that regions of opposite winding may be joined via a Planck-sized segment of neutral string. Similarities between this solution and the extra-dimensional windings of strings in type IIB string theory are discussed and a correspondence between field theory and string theory parameters is suggested. The spatial-dependence of the field couplings is found to have a natural interpretation in the dual string picture and results from the variation of the winding radius, giving rise to a varying (effective) string coupling. An interesting result is an estimate of the Higgs mass (at critical coupling) in terms of the parameters which define the Klebanov-Strassler geometry and which, in principle, may be constrained by cosmological observations.
description: 35 pages, 2 figures, published version
Instabilities of a Bose-Einstein condensate with mixed nonlinear and linear lattices
Creators: name: Hong, Jun
name: Wang, Chenhui
name: Zhang, Yongping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in periodic potentials generate interesting physics on the instabilities of Bloch states. The lowest-energy Bloch states of BECs in pure nonlinear lattices are dynamically and Landau unstable, which breaks down BEC superfluidity. In this paper we propose to use an out-of-phase linear lattice to stabilize them. The stabilization mechanism is revealed by the averaged interaction. We further incorporate a constant interaction into BECs with mixed nonlinear and linear lattices, and reveal its effect on the instabilities of Bloch states in the lowest band.
description: Accepted for publication in PRE
FedSAUC: A Similarity-Aware Update Control for Communication-Efficient Federated Learning in Edge Computing
Creators: name: Lee, Ming-Lun
name: Chou, Han-Chang
name: Chen, Yan-Ann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning is a distributed machine learning framework to collaboratively train a global model without uploading privacy-sensitive data onto a centralized server. Usually, this framework is applied to edge devices such as smartphones, wearable devices, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices which closely collect information from users. However, these devices are mostly battery-powered. The update procedure of federated learning will constantly consume the battery power and the transmission bandwidth. In this work, we propose an update control for federated learning, FedSAUC, by considering the similarity of users' behaviors (models). At the server side, we exploit clustering algorithms to group devices with similar models. Then we select some representatives for each cluster to update information to train the model. We also implemented a testbed prototyping on edge devices for validating the performance. The experimental results show that this update control will not affect the training accuracy in the long run.
description: Published in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Network (ICMU), 2021
Maximizing functionals of the maximum in the Skorokhod embedding problem and an application to variance swaps
Creators: name: Hobson, David
name: Klimmek, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Azéma-Yor solution (resp., the Perkins solution) of the Skorokhod embedding problem has the property that it maximizes (resp., minimizes) the law of the maximum of the stopped process. We show that these constructions have a wider property in that they also maximize (and minimize) expected values for a more general class of bivariate functions $F(W_τ,S_τ)$ depending on the joint law of the stopped process and the maximum. Moreover, for monotonic functions $g$, they also maximize and minimize $\mathbb {E}[\int_0^τg(S_t)\,dt]$ amongst embeddings of $μ$, although, perhaps surprisingly, we show that for increasing $g$ the Azéma-Yor embedding minimizes this quantity, and the Perkins embedding maximizes it. For $g(s)=s^{-2}$ we show how these results are useful in calculating model independent bounds on the prices of variance swaps. Along the way we also consider whether $μ_n$ converges weakly to $μ$ is a sufficient condition for the associated Azéma-Yor and Perkins stopping times to converge. In the case of the Azéma-Yor embedding, if the potentials at zero also converge, then the stopping times converge almost surely, but for the Perkins embedding this need not be the case. However, under a further condition on the convergence of atoms at zero, the Perkins stopping times converge in probability (and hence converge almost surely down a subsequence).
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AAP893 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Imaging on-surface hierarchical assembly of chiral supramolecular networks
Creators: name: Patera, Laerte L.
name: Zou, Zhiyu
name: Dri, Carlo
name: Africh, Cristina
name: Repp, Jascha
name: Comelli, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 540 Chemie

description: The bottom-up assembly of chiral structures usually relies on a cascade of molecular recognition interactions. A thorough description of these complex stereochemical mechanisms requires the capability of imaging multilevel coordination in real-time. Here we report the first direct observation of hierarchical expression of supramolecular chirality at work, for 10,10′-dibromo-9,9′-bianthryl (DBBA) on Cu(111). Molecular recognition first steers the growth of chiral organometallic chains and then leads to the formation of enantiopure islands. The structure of the networks was determined by noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM), while high-speed scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) revealed details of the assembly mechanisms at the ms time-scale. The direct observation of the chirality transfer pathways allowed us to evaluate the enantioselectivity of the interchain coupling.
Hamuli. Newsletter of the International Society of Hymenopterists, vol 10(1)
Creators: name: Deans, Andy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: biodiversity
newsletter
taxonomy
hymenoptera

description: In this issue ...

Digitally accessible taxonomic knowledge (Agosti, page 1) ... Institute of Biological Control (Gibson, page 2) ... Unpublished works of Dessart (Trietsch, page 3) ... Potential model organism (Matthews, page 4) ... Congress Report (Huayan Chen, page 4)... Who’s that hymenopterist? (page 5) ... Editor needed! (Deans, page 5) ... Parting shot (page 5)
FreSCo: Mining Frequent Patterns in Simplicial Complexes
Creators: name: Preti, Giulia
name: Morales, Gianmarco De Francisci
name: Bonchi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Simplicial complexes are a generalization of graphs that model higher-order relations. In this paper, we introduce simplicial patterns -- that we call simplets -- and generalize the task of frequent pattern mining from the realm of graphs to that of simplicial complexes. Our task is particularly challenging due to the enormous search space and the need for higher-order isomorphism. We show that finding the occurrences of simplets in a complex can be reduced to a bipartite graph isomorphism problem, in linear time and at most quadratic space. We then propose an anti-monotonic frequency measure that allows us to start the exploration from small simplets and stop expanding a simplet as soon as its frequency falls below the minimum frequency threshold. Equipped with these ideas and a clever data structure, we develop a memory-conscious algorithm that, by carefully exploiting the relationships among the simplices in the complex and among the simplets, achieves efficiency and scalability for our complex mining task. Our algorithm, FreSCo, comes in two flavors: it can compute the exact frequency of the simplets or, more quickly, it can determine whether a simplet is frequent, without having to compute the exact frequency. Experimental results prove the ability of FreSCo to mine frequent simplets in complexes of various size and dimension, and the significance of the simplets with respect to the traditional graph patterns.
description: To appear at The Web Conference 2022
ДАВЛАТ МУКОФОТЛАРИ ТЎҒРИСИДАГИ ҚОНУНЧИЛИКНИ ТИЗИМЛАШТИРИШ МАСАЛАЛАРИ
Creators: name: Турсоатов, Содиқ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Замонавий шароитларда шахснинг ижтимоий-фойдали фаолиятининг жамият тараққиётининг устувор йўналишларидан бири, унинг фуқароларнинг фаровон турмуши ва эркин ривожланишини таъминлашдир. Шахснинг фаол ҳуқуқий хулқ-атворини танлашга қулай режим ўрнатиши билан, давлат ўз фаолиятида ҳуқуқий рағбатлантириш воситасига тобора кўпроқ мурожаат этади.
Postmenopausal women with medically treated diabetes have increased risk of lung cancer
Creators: name: Leitzmann, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Commentary on: Luo J, Chlebowski R, Wactawski-Wende J, et al. Diabetes and lung cancer among postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1485–91.
Prospects for water vapor detection in the atmospheres of temperate and arid rocky exoplanets around M-dwarf stars
Creators: name: Ding, Feng
name: Wordsworth, Robin D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detection of water vapor in the atmosphere of temperate rocky exoplanets would be a major milestone on the path towards characterization of exoplanet habitability. Past modeling work has shown that cloud formation may prevent the detection of water vapor on Earth-like planets with surface oceans using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Here we analyze the potential for atmospheric detection of H2O on a different class of targets: arid planets. Using transit spectrum simulations, we show that atmospheric H2O may be easier to be detected on arid planets with cold-trapped ice deposits on the surface, because such planets will not possess thick H2O cloud decks that limit the transit depth of spectral features. However, additional factors such as band overlap with CO2 and other gases, extinction by mineral dust, overlap of stellar and planetary H2O lines, and the ultimate noise floor obtainable by JWST still pose important challenges. For this reason, combination of space- and ground-based spectroscopic observations will be essential for reliable detection of H2O on rocky exoplanets in the future.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Lagrangian-Hamiltonian unified formalism for autonomous higher-order dynamical systems
Creators: name: Prieto-Martínez, Pedro D.
name: Román-Roy, Narciso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70H50, 53C80, 53C15

description: The Lagrangian-Hamiltonian unified formalism of R. Skinner and R. Rusk was originally stated for autonomous dynamical systems in classical mechanics. It has been generalized for non-autonomous first-order mechanical systems, as well as for first-order and higher-order field theories. However, a complete generalization to higher-order mechanical systems has yet to be described. In this work, after reviewing the natural geometrical setting and the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms for higher-order autonomous mechanical systems, we develop a complete generalization of the Lagrangian-Hamiltonian unified formalism for these kinds of systems, and we use it to analyze some physical models from this new point of view.
description: 36 pp. We have corrected and clarified the statement of Proposition 3. A remark is added after Proposition 3
Mock X-ray observations of hot gas with L-Galaxies semi-analytic models of galaxy formation
Creators: name: Zhong, Wenxin
name: Fu, Jian
name: Shen, Shiyin
name: Yuan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We create mock X-ray observations of hot gas in galaxy clusters with a new extension of L-Galaxies semi-analytic model of galaxy formation, which includes the radial distribution of hot gas in each halo. Based on the model outputs, we first build some mock light cones, then generate mock spectra with SOXS package and derive the mock images in the light cones. Using the mock data, we simulate the mock X-ray spectra for ROSAT all-sky survey, and compare the mock spectra with the observational results. Then, we consider the design parameters of HUBS mission and simulate the observation of the halo hot gas for HUBS as an important application of our mock work. We find: (1) Our mock data match the observations by current X-ray telescopes. (2) The survey of hot baryons in resolved clusters by HUBS is effective below redshift 0.5, and the observations of the emission lines in point-like sources at z>0.5 by HUBS help us understand the hot baryons in the early universe. (3) By taking the advantage of the large simulation box and flexibility in semi-analytic models, our mock X-ray observations provide the opportunity to make target selection and observation strategies for forthcoming X-ray facilities.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in RAA
Room-temperature antiferromagnetic CrSe monolayer with tunable metal-insulator transition in ferroelectric heterostructures
Creators: name: Ni, Xiao-Sheng
name: Zhang, Yue-Yu
name: Yao, Dao-Xin
name: Hou, Yusheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, there has been a rapidly growing interest in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal chalcogenide monolayers (MLs) due to their unique magnetic and electronic properties. By using an evolutionary algorithm and first-principles calculations, we report the discovery of a previously unexplored, chemically, energetically, and thermodynamically stable 2D antiferromagnetic (AFM) CrSe ML with a Néel temperature higher than room temperature. Remarkably, we predict an electric field-controllable metal-insulator transition (MIT) in a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure comprised of CrSe ML and ferroelectric Sc2CO2. This tunable transition in CrSe/Sc2CO2 heterostructure is attributed to the change in the band alignment between CrSe and Sc2CO2 caused by the ferroelectric polarization reversal in Sc2CO2. Our findings suggest that 2D AFM CrSe ML has important potential applications in AFM spintronics, particularly in the gate voltage conducting channel.
description: 13 Pages, 4 Figures, published at Applied Physics Letters
Optic disc morphology in premature infants
Creators: name: Hackl, Sabine
name: Zeman, Florian
name: Helbig, Horst
name: Oberacher-Velten, Isabel
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: To date, little is known about the morphology of optic discs in premature infants. However, optic disc morphology and optic nerve development are two factors that potentially influence visual function in infants. Thus we analysed the morphology of the optic disc and its correlation with gestational age and birth weight. Methods: In a retrospective trial, we assessed the widefield images (RetCam system) of 111 optic discs of 61 premature infants. We evaluated the form of the optic disc, defined by the ratio of the vertical to the horizontal diameter, the presence or absence of visible disc cupping, the cup to disc ratio and the presence or absence of a double ring (a concentric paler zone around the optic disc). Results: 110 of 111 optic discs had a vertical–oval form. We found a significant negative correlation between the form of the optic disc and birth weight (p=0.003) and gestational age (p=0.03); 75% of optic discs showed a double ring and 89% had visible disc cupping. Conclusions: In our study, premature birth was associated with the presence of a double ring. A low birth weight and low gestational age influence the form of the optic disc.
Splitting vector bundles and A^1-fundamental groups of higher dimensional varieties
Creators: name: Asok, Aravind
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F35, 14F43, 14J10, 57R80

description: We study aspects of the A^1-homotopy classification problem in dimensions >= 3 and, to this end, we investigate the problem of computing A^1-homotopy groups of some A^1-connected smooth varieties of dimension >=. Using these computations, we construct pairs of A^1-connected smooth proper varieties all of whose A^1-homotopy groups are abstractly isomorphic, yet which are not A^1-weakly equivalent. The examples come from pairs of Zariski locally trivial projective space bundles over projective spaces and are of the smallest possible dimension. Projectivizations of vector bundles give rise to A^1-fiber sequences, and when the base of the fibration is an A^1-connected smooth variety, the associated long exact sequence of A^1-homotopy groups can be analyzed in detail. In the case of the projectivization of a rank 2 vector bundle, the structure of the A^1-fundamental group depends on the splitting behavior of the vector bundle via a certain obstruction class. For projective bundles of vector bundles of rank >=, the A^1-fundamental group is insensitive to the splitting behavior of the vector bundle, but the structure of higher A^1-homotopy groups is influenced by an appropriately defined higher obstruction class.
description: 38 pages; Significantly revised, comments still welcome
Wermer type sets and extension of CR functions
Creators: name: Harz, Tobias
name: Shcherbina, Nikolay
name: Tomassini, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For each $n\geq2$ we construct an unbounded closed pseudoconcave complete pluripolar set $\mathcal E$ in $\mathbb C^n$ which contains no analytic variety of positive dimension (we call it a \textit{Wermer type set}). We also construct an unbounded strictly pseudoconvex domain $Ω$ in $\mathbb C^n$ and a smooth $CR$ function $f$ on $\partialΩ$ which has a single-valued holomorphic extension exactly to the set $\barΩ\setminus\mathcal E$.}
description: 27 pages
New outlook on the Minimal Model Program, I
Creators: name: Cascini, Paolo
name: Lazić, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14E30, 14E99

description: We give a new and self-contained proof of the finite generation of adjoint rings with big boundaries. As a consequence, we show that the canonical ring of a smooth projective variety is finitely generated.
description: to appear in Duke Math. J
The use of the laryngeal tube disposable by paramedics during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospectively observational study (2008–2012
Creators: name: Müller, Jens-Uwe
name: Semmel, T.
name: Stepan, R.
name: Seyfried, Timo
name: Popov, Aron F.
name: Graf, Bernhard
name: Wiese, Christoph H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Summary: In the previous and the current guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), endotracheal intubation (ETI), as an instrument for ventilation during resuscitation, was confirmed as less important for paramedics not trained in this method. For those, during resuscitation, the laryngeal tube is recommended by the ERC as a supraglottic airway device. The present study investigated prospectively the use of the laryngeal tube disposable (LT-D) by paramedics in prehospital emergency cases. Methods: During a 42-month period (Sept 2008–Feb 2012), we prospectively registered all prehospital cardiac arrest situations in which the LT-D had been applied by paramedics (from one emergency medical service in Germany). Results: During the defined period, 133 attempts, recorded on standardised data sheets, were enrolled into the investigation. Three were excluded from the study because of use during a trauma situation. Therefore, 130 patients were evaluated in this study. For this, the LT-D was used in 98% of all cases during resuscitation, and in about 2% of other emergencies (eg, trauma). With regard to resuscitation, adequate ventilation/oxygenation was described as possible in 83% of all included cases. In 66% of all cases, no problems concerning the insertion of the LT-D were described by the paramedics. No significant problems were reported in 93%. In 7% (n=9 cases), no insertion of the LT-D was possible. Instead of bag-mask-valve ventilation, the LT-D was used as a first-line airway device in about 66%. Between the two defined groups, no statistically significant differences were found (p>0.05). Conclusions: As an alternative airway device during resuscitation, recommended by the ERC in 2005 and 2010, the LT-D may enable ventilation rapidly and, as in most of our described cases, effectively. Additionally, by using the LT-D in a case of cardiac arrest, a reduced ‘hands-off time’ and, therefore, a high chest compression rate may be possible. Our investigation showed that the LT-D was often used as an alternative to bag-mask-ventilation and to ETI as well. However, we were able to describe more problems in the use of the LT-D than earlier investigations. Therefore, in future, more studies concerning the use of alternative airway devices in comparison with ETI and/or video-laryngoscopy seem to be necessary.
Stability of complex hyperbolic space under curvature-normalized Ricci flow
Creators: name: Wu, Haotian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C44 (Primary) 58J37 (Secondary)

description: Using the maximal regularity theory for quasilinear parabolic systems, we prove two stability results of complex hyperbolic space under the curvature-normalized Ricci flow in complex dimensions two and higher. The first result is on a closed manifold. The second result is on a complete noncompact manifold. To prove both results, we fully analyze the structure of the Lichnerowicz Laplacian on complex hyperbolic space. To prove the second result, we also define suitably weighted little Hölder spaces on a complete noncompact manifold and establish their interpolation properties.
description: Some typos in version 2 are corrected