Orthoprotella australis
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Ichiro
name: Lowry, James K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Caprellidae
Orthoprotella
Orthoprotella australis

description: Orthoprotella australis (Haswellı 1879)
(Figures 14 – 16)
Protella australis Haswellı 1879: 276 ı pl. 12ı fig. 4. – Haswell 1882: 311 ı 312. – Haswell 1885: 997 – 998 ı pl. 47ı figs. 2 – 4. – Chilton 1885: 1042.
Orthoprotella australis. – Mayer 1903: 35 – 36 ı pl. 1ı figs. 23ı 24ı pl. 6ı figs. 45ı 47 – 49ı pl. 9ı figs. 14ı 37ı 57 – 58. – Stebbing 1910: 632 ı 652. – Briggs 1914: 78 – 79. – Guiler 1952: 31. – McCain and Steinberg 1970: 57. – Lowry and Stoddart 2003: 27.
Type material
Syntypes: 3 malesı 3 mature femalesı AM G. 2557ı 33°51 ʹ S 151°16 ʹ Eı Port Jacksonı New South Wales; 8 malesı 4 mature and 1 immature femalesı AM G. 2558ı 33°51 ʹ S 151°16 ʹ Eı Port Jacksonı New South Wales; 24 malesı 22 mature and 7 immature femalesı 1 juvenileı AM P.3385 ı 33 °51 ʹ S 151°16 ʹ Eı Port Jacksonı New South Wales; 1 maleı AM P.97313 ı 33 ° 51 ʹ S 151°16 ʹ Eı Port Jacksonı New South Wales; 1 mature femaleı AM P.97314 ı 33 °51 ʹ S 151°16 ʹ Eı Port Jacksonı New South Wales.
Additional material examined
One maleı 1 mature and 1 immature femalesı AM G.932 ı 35 °03 ʹ S 150°44 ʹ Eı Jervis Bayı New South Walesı coll. T. Whitelegge; 2 malesı 2 mature femalesı AM G. 2563ı 32°43 ʹ S
152°08 ʹ Eı Nelsons Bayı Port Stephensı New South Wales; 1 individualı AM P. 2549ı 31 °57 ʹ S 152°46 ʹ Eı 6.5 – 10.5 km off Manning Riverı New South Walesı fine grey sandı HMCS Thetisı Stn 28ı coll. E. R. Waite; 1 mature femaleı AM P.46916ı 33°51 ʹ S 151°16 ʹ Eı Port Jacksonı New South Wales; 3 malesı 4 mature and 1 immature femalesı AM P.47601 ı 32 °42 ʹ S 152° 06 ʹ Eı Port Stephensı New South Wales; 9 malesı 14 mature and 3 immature femalesı 1 juvenileı AM P.47604 ı 33 °51 ʹ S 151°16 ʹ Eı Port Jacksonı New South Wales; 1 maleı 1 mature and 1 immature femalesı 1 juvenileı AM P.47605ı unknown locality; 1 maleı AM P.47627 ı 32 °42 ʹ S 152°06 ʹ Eı Port Stephensı New South Wales; 1 maleı AM P.47779ı 33°33 ʹ S 151° 14 ʹ Eı Hawkesbury Riverı 200 m south-east of Croppy Pointı New South Walesı sandy mudı Hawkesbury River Surveyı HRS 2 – 3 February 1984ı 9 February 1984ı coll. A. R. Jonesı A. Murray; many individualsı AM P.52925ı 34°36 ʹ S 150°54 ʹ Eı Bass Pointı New South Walesı 45 – 50 m depthı 25 June to 26 July 1990ı coll. The Ecology Lab for RMI / Pioneer Project; 1 maleı AM P.47603 ı 42 °15 ʹ 00 ʺ S 146°30 ʹ Eı Tasmania; 1 maleı AM P.54269 ı 33 °51 ʹ S 151°16 ʹ Eı Port Jacksonı New South Wales; 1 maleı 4 mature femalesı AM P.98969 ı 33 °51 ʹ S 151°16 ʹ Eı Port Jacksonı New South Wales.
Type locality
Port Jacksonı New South Walesı Australia.
Other localities
Off Manning Riverı Port Stephensı Hawkesbury Riverı Bass Point and Jervis Bayı New South Walesı and Tasmaniaı Australia.
Description
Syntype, male ı body length 15.02 mmı AM P.97313ı and maleı body length 13.35 mmı P.54269ı for pereopods 5 – 7. Head 0.76 mm; pereonite 1ı 1.20 mm; pereonite 2ı 2.58 mm; pereonite 3ı 3.09 mm; pereonite 4ı 3.09 mm; pereonite 5ı 3.06 mm. Pereonites 6 and 7 partially fusedı 1.24 mm.
Head/pereonite 1 fused (suture present); eyes largeı distinctiveı with small paired anterodorsal projections. Antenna 1 at least 0.9 × body length; peduncle article 2 longest; flagellum at least 0.4 × peduncular lengthı with 18 + articlesı flagellum proximal article composed of 3 fused articles. Antenna 2 ı 0.4 × antenna 1 length; without dense concentration of long slender setae along posterior margin; flagellum 0.15 × of peduncular lengthı flagellum with 2 articles.
Upper lip notchedı forming rounded quadrilateral projections. Mandible right incisor with 5 teeth; lacinia mobilis with 3 teethı with 2 bundled setal rows; palp 3-articulateı palp article 2 with 13 lateral setae; palp article 3 setal formula 1 – 27 – 4 – 1; molar well developedı with flake; left incisor with 5 teeth; lacinia mobilis with 5 teethı with 3 bundled setal rows; palp 3-articulate; palp article 2 with 13 lateral setae; palp article 3 setal formula 1 – 28 – 3 – 1. Lower lip finely setose on inner and outer lobes. Maxilla 1 outer plate with 7 stout apical setal-teeth; palp distal margin with 6 triangular projectionsı each with a slender or robust setaı with a row of slender setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate trianguları with 11 apical robust setae; outer plate elongateı with about 15 apical setae. Maxilliped inner plate ovalı with 1 small nodular setaı with 4 setae near distal margin; outer plate 2.3 × length of inner plateı inner margin weakly serrateı with 5 setae on outer margin; palp article 2 setose on inner margin; palp article 3 with distal projectionı with about 11 moderately dense distal setae; palp article 4 weakly falcate.
Pereon. Pereonite 2 with tiny anterolateral projectionı Pereonite 3 with subacute anterolateral projection.
Gnathopod 1 merus and propodus setose; propodus trianguları with 5 – 6 rows of submarginal setae near anterior margin; propodus with 1 robust seta near corner of palm; propodus palm minutely serrateı dactylus straightı dactylus inner margin serrate. Gnathopod 2 begins 0.40 along anterior margin of corresponding pereonite; coxa vestigial; basis subequal in length to pereonite 2ı with basal projectionı with anterodistal projection; ischium with anterodistal projection; carpus 0.17 × propodus length; propodus largeı elongate (subrectangular)ı length 2.8 × widthı anterodistal margin narrowly concaveı with small anterodistal triangular projection; palm proximal projection with 1 robust (grasping) setaı palm smoothı setoseı with large midpalmar projectionı with deepı narrow sinusı with well-developed distal shelfı with 1 large projection.
Gill 3 elongateı length 0.6 × corresponding pereoniteı curved anteriorly. Pereopod 3 slenderı with 2 articles; length 4 × width; article 1 (or basal article) with 5 distal and 1 lateral setae; article 2 (or distal article) tinyı conical. Gill 4 elongateı length 0.5 × corresponding pereoniteı curved anteriorly. Pereopod 4 ı slenderı with 2 articlesı similar to pereopod 3.
Pereopod 5 slender; basis longer than propodus; carpus longer than basisı densely setose with 5 on anterior to distal margin; propodus with 1 pair of robust setae from 1/5 on anterior marginı with 14 short setae along palm; dactylus curvedı not setose. Pereopod 6 more robust and shorter than pereopod 5; carpus shorter than basis. Pereopod 7 more robust than pereopod 6.
Pleon. Pleopods absent. Uropod 1 bi-articulate; peduncle elongateı length about 2.5 × width; ramus length 1 × peduncular lengthı about 3 – 4 × widthı with 1 distal and 3 – 4 lateral setae. Uropod 2 vestigial. Telson (dorsal lobe) present.
Syntype, mature female (sexually dimorphic characters)ı body length 10.92 mmı AM P.97314. Head 0.71 mm; pereonite 1ı 0.62 mm; pereonite 2ı 2.00 mm; pereonite 3ı 2.22 mm; pereonite 4ı 1.91 mm; pereonite 5ı 2.40 mm. Pereonites 6 and 7 partially fusedı 1.07 mm. Pereonite 3 without subacute anterolateral projection. Pereonite 4 with round anterolateral projection. Gnathopod 2 begins 0.30 along anterior margin of corresponding pereonite; propodus ovateı length 2.3 × width. Gill 3 ovate. Gill 4 ovate.
Remarks
Orthoprotella australis Haswellı 1879 was briefly described based on specimens collected from Port Jacksonı New South Wales. Later Mayer (1903) described a male (18 mm) and female (14 mm) collected from Nelsons Bayı Port Stephensı New South Wales.
The syntypes of the present speciesı deposited in the Australian Museumı consist of three samples collected from Port Jacksonı registered as AM P.3385ı AM G.2557 and AM G.2558. A male and a mature female from the syntype seriesı originally registered as AM P.3385ı were redescribed and illustrated for the present study under the new register number of AM P.97313 and AM P.97314.
In addition to New South Walesı Australiaı Orthoprotella australis has been reported from tropical areas of the Indo-Pacific: Ceram Seaı Arafura Seaı Banda Sea and Sawu Sea (McCain and Steinberg 1970)ı Northern Territory and northern coast of Western Australiaı Australia (Guerra-García 2004) and Queenslandı Australia (Guerra-García 2006; Guerra-García and Lowry 2009).
Guerra-García (2004) figured Orthoprotella australis from Western Australia with small gills 3 and 4 and pereonite 4 lacking anterolateral projection. Howeverı gills on pereonites 3 and 4 of Orthoprotella australis from Queensland are rather elongated (Guerra-García 2006; Guerra-García and Lowry 2009). Pereonite 4 of the Queensland specimens also lacks an anterolateral projection (Guerra-García 2006; Guerra-García and Lowry 2009). These morphological diversities suggest that the distribution of Orthoprotella australis in tropical areas of the Indo-Pacific (McCain and Steinberg 1970; Guerra-García 2004ı 2006; Guerra-García and Lowry 2009) is questionable. Prior to the present studyı Metaprotella excentrica Mayerı 1890 [sensu lato] was recorded from the south of India to Sri Lanka and New South Walesı Australia. Of themı Metaprotella guileri sp. nov. was described based on the specimens collected from New South Wales. Orthoprotella mayeri K.H. Barnard 1916 [sensu lato] was considered to have a distribution from South Africa and New South Walesı Australia. Takeuchi and Lowry (2007b) established Orthoprotella berentsae Takeuchi and Lowryı 2007b for O. mayeri K.H. Barnard 1916 [sensu lato] from New South Wales. Recentlyı Takeuchi and Oyamda (2013) conducted the detailed comparison of Caprella californica Stimpsonı 1857 [sensu lato] from both sides of the North Pacificı and proposed Caprella scauroides Mayerı 1903 to a species level for the Japanese C. californica [sensu lato]. Further detailed studies on Orthoprotella australis from the tropical area is necessary to clarify their taxonomical position.
description: Published as part of Takeuchi, Ichiro & Lowry, James K., 2019, A taxonomic study on Orthoprotella and related genera (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae) of New South Walesı Australia, pp. 1023-1059 in Journal of Natural History 53 (17) on pages 1051-1056, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1589590, http://zenodo.org/record/3673283