cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Entanglement, discord and the power of quantum computation
Creators: name: Brodutch, Aharon
name: Terno, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the ability to create entanglement is necessary for execution of bipartite quantum gates even when they are applied to unentangled states and create no entanglement. Starting with a simple example we demonstrate that to execute such a gate bi-locally the local operations and classical communications (LOCC) should be supplemented by shared entanglement. Our results point to the changes in quantum discord, which is a measure of quantumness of correlations even in the absence of entanglement, as the indicator of failure of a LOCC implementation of the gates.
description: Published version. More results are added
Additional file 1 of Association of multimorbidity and changes in health-related quality of life following myocardial infarction: a UK multicentre longitudinal patient-reported outcomes study
Creators: name: Munyombwe, T.
name: Dondo, T. B.
name: Aktaa, S.
name: Wilkinson, C.
name: Hall, M.
name: Hurdus, B.
name: Oliver, G.
name: West, R. M.
name: Hall, A. S.
name: Gale, C. P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Association of multimorbidity and changes in health related quality of life following myocardial infarction: A UK multicentre longitudinal patient-reported outcomes study. Figure S1-[Number of patients who enrolled in EMMACE 3 and 4]. Figure S2-[Normal probability plots for level 1 and level 2 residuals for (A) EQVAS and (B) EQ5D models]. Table S1-[latent class analysis model selection goodness of fit statistics]. Table S2-[Proportions of latent class based on their most likely latent class membership]. Table S3-[Class conditional probabilities of responses to the 7 comorbidities]. Table S4-[Comparison of baseline characteristics between respondent and non-respondents at 12 months]. Table S5-[Adjusted parameter estimates from multilevel modelling of EQ-5D scores and multi-morbidity classes, regression coefficient and 95% confidence intervals].
Entanglement-based signature of nonlocal dispersion cancellation
Creators: name: Wasak, Tomasz
name: Szankowski, Piotr
name: Wasilewski, Wojciech
name: Banaszek, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an inequality bounding the strength of temporal correlations for a pair of light beams prepared in a separable state and propagating through dispersive media with opposite signs of group velocity dispersion. The presented inequality can be violated by entangled states of light, such as photon pairs produced in spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Because the class of separable states covers the entire category of classical fields as a particular case, this result provides an unambiguously quantum feature of nonlocal dispersion cancellation that cannot be reproduced within the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation.
description: 5 pages, 2 figure
Identification of novel picornavirus proteinase substrates using terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates
Creators: name: Jagdeo, Julienne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Viruses have exploited strategies of proteolysis for the purposes of processing viral proteins and manipulating cellular processes to direct synthesis of new virions and subvert host antiviral responses. Many viruses encode proteases within their genome, of which many have been well studied among the family of positive-sense single-stranded RNA picornaviruses. A subset of host proteins have already been identified as targets of picornaviral proteinases; however, the full repertoire of targets is not known. In this thesis, a novel proteomics-based approach termed terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS) was used to conduct a global analysis of protease-generated N-terminal peptides by mass spectrometry and identify novel substrates of the 3C (3Cpro) and 2A (2Apro) proteinases from poliovirus and coxsackievirus type B3 (CVB3). TAILS was performed on HeLa cell extracts subjected to purified poliovirus 3Cpro or CVB3 2Apro, and on mouse HL-1 cardiomyocyte extracts subjected to purified CVB3 3Cpro. A list of high confidence candidate substrates for all three proteinases was generated, which included a peptide corresponding to the known poliovirus 3Cpro substrate polypyrimide tract binding protein at a known cleavage site, thus validating this approach. Furthermore, three identical peptides in both the poliovirus and CVB3 3Cpro list of high confidence substrates were identified, suggesting that cleavage of these substrates may contribute to general strategy of picornaviral infection. A total of seven high confidence substrates were validated as novel targets of 3Cpro in vitro and during virus infection. Moreover, mutations in the TAILS-identified cleavage sites for these candidates blocked cleavage in vitro and during infection. Depletion of these proteins by siRNAs modulated virus infection, suggesting that cleavage of these substrates either promotes or inhibits virus infection. In summary, an in vitro TAILS assay can be utilized to identify novel substrates of viral proteinases that are cleave during infection. Moreover, TAILS can identify common substrates of viral proteinases between different viral species, revealing general strategies of infection utilized by related viruses. Finally, the identification of novel host substrates provides new insights the viral-host interactions mediated by viral proteinases that are required for successful infection.
High-performance solution of hierarchical equations of motions for studying energy-transfer in light-harvesting complexes
Creators: name: Kreisbeck, Christoph
name: Kramer, Tobias
name: Rodriguez, Mirta
name: Hein, Birgit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excitonic models of light-harvesting complexes, where the vibrational degrees of freedom are treated as a bath, are commonly used to describe the motion of the electronic excitation through a molecule. Recent experiments point toward the possibility of memory effects in this process and require to consider time non-local propagation techniques. The hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) were proposed by Ishizaki and Fleming to describe the site-dependent reorganization dynamics of protein environments (J. Chem. Phys., 130, p. 234111, 2009), which plays a significant role in photosynthetic electronic energy transfer. HEOM are often used as a reference for other approximate methods, but have been implemented only for small systems due to their adverse computational scaling with the system size. Here, we show that HEOM are also solvable for larger systems, since the underlying algorithm is ideally suited for the usage of graphics processing units (GPU). The tremendous reduction in computational time due to the GPU allows us to perform a systematic study of the energy-transfer efficiency in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) light-harvesting complex at physiological temperature under full consideration of memory-effects. We find that approximative methods differ qualitatively and quantitatively from the HEOM results and discuss the importance of finite temperature to achieve high energy-transfer efficiencies.
description: 14 pages; Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation (2011)
Quantum dynamics of hard-core bosons in tilted bichromatic optical lattices
Creators: name: Cai, Xiaoming
name: Chen, Shu
name: Wang, Yupeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of strongly repulsive Bose gas in tilted or driven bichromatic optical lattices. Using the Bose-Fermi mapping and exact numerical method, we calculate the reduced single-particle density matrices, and study the dynamics of density profile, momentum distribution and condensate fraction. We show the oscillating and breathing mode of dynamics, and depletion of condensate for short time dynamics. For long time dynamics, we clearly show the reconstruction of system at integer multiples of Bloch-Zener time. We also show how to achieve clear Bloch oscillation and Landau-Zener tunnelling for many-particle systems.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Tracking defect-induced ferromagnetism in GaN:Gd
Creators: name: Roever, Martin
name: Malindretos, Joerg
name: Bedoya-Pinto, Amilcar
name: Rizzi, Angela
name: Rauch, Christian
name: Tuomisto, Filip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the magnetic properties of GaN:Gd layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). A poor reproducibility with respect to the magnetic properties is found in these samples. Our results show strong indications that defects with a concentration of the order of 10^19 cm^-3 might play an important role for the magnetic properties. Positron annihilation spectroscopy does not support the suggested connection between the ferromagnetism and the Ga vacancy in GaN:Gd. Oxygen co-doping of GaN:Gd promotes ferromagnetism at room temperature and points to a role of oxygen for mediating ferromagnetic interactions in Gd doped GaN.
Bloch Oscillations of an Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein Condensate
Creators: name: Flayac, Hugo
name: Solnyshkov, Dmitry
name: Malpuech, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically Bloch oscillations of half-matter, half-light quasi-particles: exciton-polaritons. We propose an original structure for the observation of this phenomenon despite the constraints imposed by the relatively short lifetime of the particles and the limitations on the engineered periodic potential. First, we focus on the linear regime in a perfect lattice where regular oscillations are obtained. Second, we take into account a realistic structural disorder known to localize non-interacting particles, which is quite dramatic for propagation-related phenomena. In the non-linear condensed regime the renormalization of the energy provided by interactions between particles allows us to screen efficiently the disorder and to recover oscillations. This effect is useful only in a precise range of parameters outside of which the system becomes dynamically unstable. For a large chemical potential of the order of the potential's amplitude, a strong Landau-Zener tunneling tends to completely delocalize particles.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. The paper has been strongly modified in version 2
Magnetic helicity flux in the presence of shear
Creators: name: Hubbard, Alexander
name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic helicity has risen to be a major player in dynamo theory, with the helicity of the small-scale field being linked to the dynamo saturation process for the large-scale field. It is a nearly conserved quantity, which allows its evolution equation to be written in terms of production and flux terms. The flux term can be decomposed in a variety of fashions. One particular contribution that has been expected to play a significant role in dynamos in the presence of mean shear was isolated by Vishniac & Cho (2001, ApJ 550, 752). Magnetic helicity fluxes are explicitly gauge dependent however, and the correlations that have come to be called the Vishniac-Cho flux were determined in the Coulomb gauge, which turns out to be fraught with complications in shearing systems. While the fluxes of small-scale helicity are explicitly gauge dependent, their divergences can be gauge independent. We use this property to investigate magnetic helicity fluxes of small-scale field through direct numerical simulations in a shearing-box system and find that in a numerically usable gauge the divergence of the small-scale helicity flux vanishes, while the divergence of the Vishniac-Cho flux remains finite. We attribute this seeming contradiction to the existence of horizontal fluxes of small-scale magnetic helicity with finite divergences even in our shearing-periodic domain.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, Accepted, ApJ
Testing the Mechanism for the LSP Stability at the LHC
Creators: name: Perez, Pavel Fileviez
name: Spinner, Sogee
name: Trenkel, Maike K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is a natural candidate for the cold dark matter of the universe. In this Letter we discuss how to test the mechanism responsible for the LSP stability at the LHC. We note that if R-parity is conserved dynamically one should expect a Higgs boson which decays mainly into two right-handed neutrinos (a "leptonic" Higgs) or into two sfermions. The first case could exhibit spectacular lepton number violating signals with four secondary vertices due to the long-lived nature of right-handed neutrinos. These signals, together with the standard channels for the discovery of SUSY, could help to establish the underlying theory at the TeV scale.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, minor corrections, published in Physics Letters B
Small generating sets for the Torelli group
Creators: name: Putman, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Proving a conjecture of Dennis Johnson, we show that the Torelli subgroup of the mapping class group has a finite generating set whose size grows cubically with respect to the genus of the surface. Our main tool is a new space called the handle graph on which the Torelli group acts cocompactly.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures; serious revision; to appear in Geom. Topol
Contractions of Filippov algebras
Creators: name: de Azcarraga, J. A.
name: Izquierdo, J. M.
name: Picon, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce in this paper the contractions $\mathfrak{G}_c$ of $n$-Lie (or Filippov) algebras $\mathfrak{G}$ and show that they have a semidirect structure as their $n=2$ Lie algebra counterparts. As an example, we compute the non-trivial contractions of the simple $A_{n+1}$ Filippov algebras. By using the İnönü-Wigner and the generalized Weimar-Woods contractions of ordinary Lie algebras, we compare (in the $\mathfrak{G}=A_{n+1}$ simple case) the Lie algebras Lie$\,\mathfrak{G}_c$ (the Lie algebra of inner endomorphisms of $\mathfrak{G}_c$) with certain contractions $(\mathrm{Lie}\,\mathfrak{G})_{IW}$ and $(\mathrm{Lie}\,\mathfrak{G})_{W-W}$ of the Lie algebra Lie$\,\mathfrak{G}$ associated with $\mathfrak{G}$.
description: plain latex, 36 pages. A few misprints corrected. This v3 is actually v2 (v1 had been replaced by itself by error). To appear in J. Math. Phys
Charged Spinning Black Holes as Particle Accelerators
Creators: name: Wei, Shao-Wen
name: Liu, Yu-Xiao
name: Guo, Heng
name: Fu, Chun-E
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been pointed out that the spinning Kerr black hole with maximal spin could act as a particle collider with arbitrarily high center-of-mass energy. In this paper, we will extend the result to the charged spinning black hole, the Kerr-Newman black hole. The center-of-mass energy of collision for two uncharged particles falling freely from rest at infinity depends not only on the spin $a$ but also on the charge $Q$ of the black hole. We find that an unlimited center-of-mass energy can be approached with the conditions: (1) the collision takes place at the horizon of an extremal black hole; (2) one of the colliding particles has critical angular momentum; (3) the spin $a$ of the extremal black hole satisfies $\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\leq \frac{a}{M}\leq 1$, where $M$ is the mass of the Kerr-Newman black hole. The third condition implies that to obtain an arbitrarily high energy, the extremal Kerr-Newman black hole must have a large value of spin, which is a significant difference between the Kerr and Kerr-Newman black holes. Furthermore, we also show that, for a near-extremal black hole, there always exists a finite upper bound for center-of-mass energy, which decreases with the increase of the charge $Q$.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, conclusions corrected, to appear in PRD
Additional file 18 of Biologically relevant transfer learning improves transcription factor binding prediction
Creators: name: Novakovsky, Gherman
name: Saraswat, Manu
name: Fornes, Oriol
name: Mostafavi, Sara
name: Wasserman, Wyeth W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 18. Review history.
Non-Power Law Behavior in Fragmentation Cascades
Creators: name: Belyaev, Mikhail
name: Rafikov, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collisions resulting in fragmentation are important in shaping the mass spectrum of minor bodies in the asteroid belt, the Kuiper belt, and debris disks. Models of fragmentation cascades typically find that in steady-state, the solution for the particle mass distribution is a power law in the mass. However, previous studies have typically assumed that the mass of the largest fragment produced in a collision with just enough energy to shatter the target and disperse half its mass to infinity is directly proportional to the target mass. We show that if this assumption is not satisfied, then the power law solution for the steady-state particle mass distribution is modified by a multiplicative factor, which is a slowly varying function of the mass. We derive analytic solutions for this correction factor and confirm our results numerically. We find that this correction factor proves important when extrapolating over many orders of magnitude in mass, such as when inferring the number of large objects in a system based on infrared observations. In the course of our work, we have also discovered an unrelated type of non-power law behavior: waves can persist in the mass distribution of objects even in the absence of upper or lower cutoffs to the mass distribution or breaks in the strength law.
description: 37 pages, 5 figures, accepted to Icarus
Detection Prospects for Majorana Fermion WIMPless Dark Matter
Creators: name: Fukushima, Keita
name: Kumar, Jason
name: Sandick, Pearl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider both velocity-dependent and velocity-independent contributions to spin-dependent (SD) and spin-independent (SI) nuclear scattering (including one-loop corrections) of WIMPless dark matter, in the case where the dark matter candidate is a Majorana fermion. We find that spin-independent scattering arises only from the mixing of exotic squarks, or from velocity-dependent terms. Nevertheless (and contrary to the case of MSSM neutralino WIMPs), we find a class of models which cannot be detected through SI scattering, but can be detected at IceCube/DeepCore through SD scattering. We study the detection prospects for both SI and SD detection strategies for a large range of Majorana fermion WIMPless model parameters.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures. v2: updated to match published version
Universal fermionic spectral functions from string theory
Creators: name: Gauntlett, Jerome P.
name: Sonner, Julian
name: Waldram, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out the first holographic calculation of a fermionic response function for a strongly coupled $d=3$ system with an explicit D=10 or D=11 supergravity dual. By considering the supersymmetry current, we obtain a universal result applicable to all d=3 N=2 SCFTs with such duals. Surprisingly, the spectral function does not exhibit a Fermi surface, despite the fact that the system is at finite charge density. We show that it has a phonino pole and at low frequencies there is a depletion of spectral weight with a power-law scaling which is governed by a locally quantum critical point.
description: 5 pages. Content the same, but significant change of presentation. Version to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
From Encounters to Plausible Mobility
Creators: name: Whitbeck, John
name: de Amorim, Marcelo Dias
name: Conan, Vania
name: Ammar, Mostafa
name: Zegura, Ellen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inferring plausible node mobility based only on information from wireless contact traces is a difficult problem. Working with mobility information allows richer protocol simulations, particularly in dense networks, but requires complex set-ups to measure. On the other hand, contact information is easier to measure but only allows for simplistic simulation models. In a contact trace a lot of node movement information is irretrievably lost so the original positions and velocities are in general out of reach. In this paper, we propose a fast heuristic algorithm, inspired by dynamic force-based graph drawing, capable of inferring a plausible movement from any contact trace, and evaluate it on both synthetic and real-life contact traces. Our results reveal that (i) the quality of the inferred mobility is directly linked to the precision of the measured contact trace, and (ii) the simple addition of appropriate anticipation forces between nodes leads to an accurate inferred mobility.
description: Accepted for publication in the Pervasive and Mobile Computing Journal
Rethinking the growth mantra : an exploration of the post-normal world of declining conventional fossil energy
Creators: name: Berg, Terrance Leonard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: This dissertation represents a meta-survey of evidence projecting a future of conventional fossil energy decline, and the rapid disappearance of highest quality conventional energy sources. Evidence also suggest that increasing costs of fossil fuel production and declining energetic quality of replacements, point to a growing uneconomic cost of fossil fuel consumption. This indicates the need to challenge the benefits of continued fossil fuel consumption due to the growing devastation on humanity associated with accelerating global climate disruption. Resistance to transitioning away from fossil fuel consumption is documented, with major corporations continuing to promote continued fossil energy consumption using multiple think tanks and political agencies. This dissertation supports the findings of the original 1973 Limits to Growth models projecting an end to the modern “Business as Usual” (BAU) industrial age civilization from two aspects: growing resource depletion, and the expected decline of industrial and services per capita. Evidence indicates that dedicated efforts to continue BAU fossil fuel consumption could end in the collapse of energetic structures essential to industrial civilization, leaving humanity in an energy impoverished position struggling to adapt to increasing global climate disruption. This evidence suggests that the education and knowledge developed in a civilization, where nearly everything created in past generations of increasing fossil fuel consumption risks redundancy in a new ontological world of learning to live with declining per capita energy. This transdisciplinary dissertation surveying these emerging trends in petroleum geology, energy related economics and climate science, collectively dictate that a post-carbon future and the changes that accompany it is one that educators must not ignore.
Trouble Finding the Optimal AdS/QCD
Creators: name: Veschgini, K.
name: Megias, E.
name: Pirner, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the bottom-up approach to AdS/QCD based on a five-dimensional gravity dilaton action the exponential of the dilaton field is usually identified as the strong or 't Hooft coupling. There is currently no model known which fits the measurements of the running coupling and lattice results for pressure at the same time. With a one parametric toy model we demonstrate the effect of fitting the pressure on the coupling and vice versa.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Multiply Folded Graphene
Creators: name: Kim, Kwanpyo
name: Lee, Zonghoon
name: Malone, Brad
name: Chan, Kevin T.
name: Alemán, Benjamín
name: Regan, William
name: Gannett, Will
name: Crommie, M. F.
name: Cohen, Marvin. L.
name: Zettl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The folding of paper, hide, and woven fabric has been used for millennia to achieve enhanced articulation, curvature, and visual appeal for intrinsically flat, two-dimensional materials. For graphene, an ideal two-dimensional material, folding may transform it to complex shapes with new and distinct properties. Here, we present experimental results that folded structures in graphene, termed grafold, exist, and their formations can be controlled by introducing anisotropic surface curvature during graphene synthesis or transfer processes. Using pseudopotential-density functional theory calculations, we also show that double folding modifies the electronic band structure of graphene. Furthermore, we demonstrate the intercalation of C60 into the grafolds. Intercalation or functionalization of the chemically reactive folds further expands grafold's mechanical, chemical, optical, and electronic diversity.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures (accepted in Phys. Rev. B)
Asymmetric WIMP dark matter
Creators: name: Graesser, Michael L.
name: Shoemaker, Ian M.
name: Vecchi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In existing dark matter models with global symmetries the relic abundance of dark matter is either equal to that of anti-dark matter (thermal WIMP), or vastly larger, with essentially no remaining anti-dark matter (asymmetric dark matter). By exploring the consequences of a primordial asymmetry on the coupled dark matter and anti-dark matter Boltzmann equations we find large regions of parameter space that interpolate between these two extremes. Interestingly, this new asymmetric WIMP framework can accommodate a wide range of dark matter masses and annihilation cross sections. The present-day dark matter population is typically asymmetric, but only weakly so, such that indirect signals of dark matter annihilation are not completely suppressed. We apply our results to existing models, noting that upcoming direct detection experiments will constrain a large region of the relevant parameter space.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures, updated references, updated XENON100 bounds, typo in figure caption corrected
Charmless $B\to PP, PV, VV$ Decays Based on the six-quark Effective Hamiltonian with Strong Phase Effects
Creators: name: Su, Fang
name: Wu, Yue-Liang
name: Yang, Yi-Bo
name: Zhuang, Ci
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on an approximate six-quark operator effective Hamiltonian from perturbative QCD, we present a systematical study of charmless $B \to PP, PV, VV$ decays ($P$ and $V$ denoting pseudoscalar and vector mesons, respectively). The calculation of the relevant hard-scattering kernels is completed, the resulting transition form factors are consistent with the results of QCD sum rule calculation. Important classes of power corrections include "chirally-enhanced" terms, vertex corrections and weak annihilation contributions with non-trivial strong phase. With these considerations, predictions are presented for the branching ratios and CP asymmetries of B-meson decays into PP, PV and VV final states, and also for the corresponding polarization observables in VV final states. Several decay modes and observables, which are of particular interest phenomenologically, are discussed in detail, including the effect of annihilation amplitude with strong phase, the $ππ$, $πK$ and $πρ$ systems, the longitudinal polarization fraction $f_L$ in $ρK^*$ and $ϕK^*$ systems and so on. It is observed that predictions in our framework generally agree with the current experimental data.
description: 44 pages, 4 figures, 19 tables, one table added, comparison with other approaches is explained, published version
Reconciling J/psi production at HERA, RHIC, Tevatron, and LHC with NRQCD factorization at next-to-leading order
Creators: name: Butenschoen, Mathias
name: Kniehl, Bernd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the cross section of inclusive direct J/psi hadroproduction at next-to-leading order (NLO) within the factorization formalism of nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD), including the full relativistic corrections due to the intermediate 1S_0^[8], 3S_1^[8], and 3P_J^[8] color-octet states. We perform a combined fit of the color-octet (CO) long-distance matrix elements to the transverse-momentum (p_T) distributions measured by CDF at the Fermilab Tevatron and H1 at DESY HERA and demonstrate that they also successfully describe the p_T distributions from PHENIX at BNL RHIC and CMS at the CERN LHC as well as the photon-proton c.m. energy and (with worse agreement) the inelasticity distributions from H1. This provides a first rigorous test of NRQCD factorization at NLO. In all experiments, the CO processes are shown to be indispensable.
description: 5 pages, 10 figures; manuscript matches the one being printed in Phys. Rev. Lett
Weakly nonlinear analysis of two dimensional sheared granular flow
Creators: name: Saitoh, Kuniyasu
name: Hayakawa, Hisao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weakly nonlinear analysis of a two dimensional sheared granular flow is carried out under the Lees-Edwards boundary condition. We derive the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation of a disturbance amplitude starting from a set of granular hydrodynamic equations and discuss the bifurcation of the steady amplitude in the hydrodynamic limit.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures. Section 3, 4 and 5 are changed. Figures 2-6 are updated
Fuzzy Geometry via the Spinor Bundle, with Applications to Holographic Space-time and Matrix Theory
Creators: name: Banks, Tom
name: Kehayias, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new framework for defining fuzzy approximations to geometry in terms of a cutoff on the spectrum of the Dirac operator, and a generalization of it that we call the Dirac-Flux operator. This framework does not require a symplectic form on the manifold, and is completely rotation invariant on an arbitrary n-sphere. The framework is motivated by the formalism of Holographic Space-Time (HST), whose fundamental variables are sections of the spinor bundle over a compact Euclidean manifold. The strong holographic principle (SHP) requires the space of these sections to be finite dimensional. We discuss applications of fuzzy spinor geometry to HST and to Matrix Theory.
description: revised version matching published version, added references, additional introduction to HST, expanded and improved various sections, 18 pages
Phase fluctuations in a strongly disordered s-wave superconductor close to the metal-insulator transition
Creators: name: Mondal, Mintu
name: Kamlapure, Anand
name: Chand, Madhavi
name: Saraswat, Garima
name: Kumar, Sanjeev
name: Jesudasan, John
name: Benfatto, L.
name: Tripathi, Vikram
name: Raychaudhuri, Pratap
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the role of phase fluctuations in a 3-dimensional s-wave superconductor, NbN, as we approach the critical disorder for the destruction of the superconducting state. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements reveal that in the presence of strong disorder, a finite gap in the electronic spectrum continues to persist at temperatures above Tc. With increase in disorder, the superfluid density is strongly suppressed at low temperatures and evolves towards a linear-T variation at higher temperatures. These observations provide strong evidence that phase fluctuation leads to the formation of a pseudogap state in a disordered conventional superconductor.
description: Minor modifications and figures. (pdf file with figure)
Implicating calcium signaling at intercellular junctions and structures associated with junction turnover in rat Sertoli cells
Creators: name: Lyon, Kevin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a prominent organelle in Sertoli cells. It is an integral component of unique adhesion junctions (ectoplasmic specializations - ESs) in this cell type, and is closely associated with structures termed tubulobulbar complexes (TBCs) that internalize intercellular junctions during sperm release and during the translocation of spermatocytes through the blood-testis barrier. A role for the ER in Ca²⁺ regulation at ESs and TBCs has been suspected, but evidence for this function has proved elusive. The focus of this thesis is identification of molecular machinery involved in Ca²⁺ signaling and obtaining functional evidence of Ca²⁺ regulation of the actin networks at TBCs. Functional experiments using EGTA and thapsigargin to lower and raise Ca²⁺ levels did not provide evidence that TBC actin networks are regulated by Ca²⁺. Using immunofluorescence, I demonstrated that Ca²⁺ regulatory machinery is present at the ESs attached to spermatid heads, and at ER-PM contacts. SERCA2 is present at ESs, IP3R is present at ER-PM contacts associated with TBC bulbs, and STIM1, ORAI1 and SERCA2 are present at the ER-PM contacts around the margins of Sertoli cell apical processes. The results support the conclusion that the molecular machinery necessary for ER generated Ca²⁺ fluxes is present in regions and structures directly related to junction remodeling in Sertoli cells, a process necessary for sperm release.
Charged particle's elliptic flow in 2+1D viscous hydrodynamics at LHC ($\sqrt{s}$= 2.76 TeV) energy in Pb+Pb collision
Creators: name: Roy, Victor
name: Chaudhuri, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Israel-Stewart's theory of second order hydrodynamics, we have simulated $\sqrt{s}$=2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collisions. ALICE data for the centrality dependence of charged particles multiplicity, $p_T$ spectra in 0-5% collisions, centrality dependence of integrated and differential elliptic flow are analysed. Analysis indicate that while ALICE data on charged particles multiplicity or $p_T$ spectra do not demand any viscosity, viscosity is demanded by the elliptic flow data. From a simulataneous fit to all the data sets, viscosity to entropy ratio in $\sqrt{s}_{NN}$=2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collisions is extracted as, $η/s=0.06\pm 0.02$.
description: Significantly revised version. New figures are added. Accepted in Phys. Lett. B. 6 pages, 6 figures
Non-Gaussianities of Single Field Inflation with Non-minimal Coupling
Creators: name: Qiu, Taotao
name: Yang, Kwei-Chou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the non-Gaussianities of inflation driven by a single scalar field coupling non-minimally to the Einstein Gravity. We assume that the form of the scalar field is very general with an arbitrary sound speed. For convenience to study, we take the subclass that the non-minimal coupling term is linear to the Ricci scalar $R$. We define a parameter $μ\equivε_h/ε_θ$ where $ε_h$ and $ε_θ$ are two kinds of slow-roll parameters, and obtain the dependence of the shape of the 3-point correlation function on $μ$. We also show the estimator $F_{NL}$ in the equilateral limit. Finally, based on numerical calculations, we present the non-Gaussianities of non-minimal coupling chaotic inflation as an explicit example.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, one more section added, analytical results simplified
Additional file 1 of High frequency of intron retention and clustered H3K4me3-marked nucleosomes in short first introns of human long non-coding RNAs
Creators: name: Dey, Pinki
name: Mattick, John S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Nucleosome enrichment on (A) long non-coding exons and (B) mRNA exons for H3K4me3 nucleosome libraries of B cell, T cell, CD4+ T cell and CDd+ T cell types in comparison to flanking introns. Here, average nucleosome densities over 580 bp upstream and downstream of exons are shown and the middle gap indicates the point of discontinuation between ‘upstream’ and ‘downstream’ data series. The nucleosome density is normalized by the number of exons in each case. Figure S2. Density of (A) H3K4me3- and (B) H3K36me3-marked nucleosomes on constitutively spliced (CS) and alternatively spliced (AS) exons in CD4+ T cells. Figure S3. Nucleosome enrichment on all long non-coding exons (black line) and long non-coding exons excluding the first and second exons (red line) in comparison to flanking introns in the H3K4me3 histone modification library. Figure S4. Nucleosome enrichment on downstream of the (A) 1st long non-coding exons and (B) the 1st protein-coding exons for H3K4me3 nucleosome libraries. The average nucleosome densities over 580 bp downstream of the first exons are shown and the middle gap indicates the point of discontinuation between ‘upstream’ and ‘downstream’ data series. The nucleosome density is normalized by the number of exons. Figure S5. Nucleosome enrichment on (A) long non-coding exons and (B) mRNA exons for H3K4me3 nucleosome libraries in comparison to flanking introns as a function of the %GC content in the exonic regions. Here, average nucleosome densities over 580 bp upstream and downstream of exons are shown and the middle gap indicates the point of discontinuation between ‘upstream’ and ‘downstream’ data series. The nucleosome density is normalized by the number of exons in each case. Figure S6. Nucleosome enrichment on (A) long non-coding exons and (B) mRNA exons for the RNA PolII nucleosome library in comparison to flanking introns. Here, average nucleosome densities over 580 bp upstream and downstream of exons are shown and the middle gap indicates the point of discontinuation between ‘upstream’ and ‘downstream’ data series. The nucleosome density is normalized by the number of exons in each case. Figure S7. Nucleosome enrichment on long non-coding exons for (A) H3K4me3 and (B) H3K36me3 nucleosome libraries of K562 cell line in comparison to flanking introns. Here, average nucleosome densities over 580 bp upstream and downstream of exons are shown and the middle gap indicates the point of discontinuation between ‘upstream’ and ‘downstream’ data series. The nucleosome density is normalized by the number of exons in each case. Table S1. Links to the UCSC Genome Browser corresponding to the snapshots in Fig. 4. Table S2. Genomic coordinates of 200 randomly selected lncRNA intronic regions across the human genome.
S-duality of S-matrix
Creators: name: Garousi, Mohammad R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it has been observed that the kinematic factor of the disk-level S-matrix element of two RR two-forms and the disk-level S-matrix element of two B-fields on the world volume of D$_3$-brane are compatible with the standard rules of S-duality. Inspired by this observation, we speculate that the S-matrix elements on the world volume of D$_3$-brane are invariant under the $SL(2,Z)$ transformation. Compatibility with S-duality requires the S-matrix elements on the world volume of D$_1$-brane and D$_5$-brane to be extended to the $SL(2,Z)$-covariant form. In particular, this implies the S-matrix elements on the world volume of F$_1$-string and NS$_5$-brane at strong coupling to be related by S-duality to the disk-level S-matrix elements of D$_1$-string and D$_5$-brane, respectively. %The S-matrix elements then dictate that both F$_1$-string and NS$_5$-brane have D$_1$-string excitations. The contact terms of these S-matrix elements at order $O(α'^0)$ produce a Born-Infeld and Chern-Simons type effective action for both F$_1$-string and NS$_5$-brane. They are consistent with the $SL(2,R)$-covariant action appears in the literature.
description: 20 pages, Latex file, no figure; v5: the version appears in JHEP
Finitely Correlated Representations of Product Systems of $C^*$-Correspondences over $\mathbb{N}^k$
Creators: name: Fuller, Adam Hanley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47L55, 46L08, 47L30

description: We study isometric representations of product systems of correspondences over the semigroup $\mathbb{N}^k$ which are minimal dilations of finite dimensional, fully coisometric representations. We show the existence of a unique minimal cyclic coinvariant subspace for all such representations. The compression of the representation to this subspace is shown to be complete unitary invariant. For a certain class of graph algebras the nonself-adjoint \textsc{wot}-closed algebra generated by these representations is shown to contain the projection onto the minimal cyclic coinvariant subspace. This class includes free semigroup algebras. This result extends to a class of higher-rank graph algebras which includes higher-rank graphs with a single vertex.
description: 34 pages; Introduction extended; to appear in the Journal of Functional Analysis
Additional file 1 of Enumeration and comprehensive in-silico modeling of three-helix bundle structures composed of typical αα-hairpins
Creators: name: Sakuma, Koya
name: Minami, Shintaro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures S1–S45, Supplementary Tables S1 and S2.
Supersymmetric QCD corrections to $e^+e^-\to t\bar{b}H^-$ and the Bernstein-Tkachov method of loop integration
Creators: name: Kniehl, B. A.
name: Maniatis, M.
name: Weber, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of charged Higgs bosons is of particular importance, since their existence is predicted by supersymmetry and they are absent in the Standard Model (SM). If the charged Higgs bosons are too heavy to be produced in pairs at future linear colliders, single production associated with a top and a bottom quark is enhanced in parts of the parameter space. We present the next-to-leading-order calculation in supersymmetric QCD within the minimal supersymmetric SM (MSSM), completing a previous calculation of the SM-QCD corrections. In addition to the usual approach to perform the loop integration analytically, we apply a numerical approach based on the Bernstein-Tkachov theorem. In this framework, we avoid some of the generic problems connected with the analytical method.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Climate Change Future Projections of Extreme Events
Creators: name: Manzi, Andrea
name: Elia, Donatello
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Presentation delivered at the TEMA webinar AI 4 Sustainability: what is the role of AI in advancing targets for sustainability, 15/11/2023
The webinar AI4Sustainability, convened by The Lisbon Council in the scope of the Horizon Europe project TEMA, seeks to open the discussion about the roles of AI as a tool for environmental and climate action. 
It is an opportunity for stakeholders and communities working on the subject to exchange ideas and mutually learn about the potential of AI in tackling some of the world's most pressuring issues.
https://tema-project.eu/articles/artificial-intelligence-sustainability-what-role-ai-advancing-targets-sustainability