cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Comparative phylogenetic analysis of CBL reveals the gene family evolution and functional divergence in Saccharum spontaneum
Creators: name: Feng, Xiaomin
name: Wang, Yongjun
name: Zhang, Nannan
name: Gao, Shuai
name: Wu, Jiayun
name: Liu, Rui
name: Huang, Yonghong
name: Zhang, Jisen
name: Qi, Yongwen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Religious coexistence and sociability in England after the Toleration Act, c.1689-c.1750
Creators: name: Brown, Carys Lorna Mary
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Religious tolerance
Social history
Cultural history
Religious history
coexistence
eighteenth century
England
sociability

description: The eighteenth century in England has long been associated with increasing consumption, trade, luxury, and intellectual exchange. In contrast with the religiously-fueled tumult of the previous century, it is frequently portrayed as a polite, enlightened and even secularising age. This thesis questions this picture. Taking the ambiguous legacies of the so-called “Toleration Act” of 1689 as its starting point, it explores the impact of the complex and uncertain outcomes of the 1689 Act on social relations between Protestant Dissenters and members of the Established Church in England in the first half of the eighteenth century. In connecting broader legislative change with developing social discourses and the practicalities of everyday life, it demonstrates the extent to which the Toleration Act made religious questions integral to the social and cultural development of the period. As a result, it stresses not only that developing modes and norms of sociability were essential to determining the nature of religious coexistence, but also that the changing religious landscape was absolutely integral to the evolution of multiple different social registers in eighteenth-century England. It therefore demonstrates how previously disparate approaches to eighteenth-century England are mutually illuminating, creating an account of the period that is better able to attend to both religious and cultural change. With this in mind this thesis pays particular attention to the language through which contemporaries described their sociability, suggesting that they have great potential to illuminate the nature of religious coexistence in this period. Starting from the premise that the words an individual chooses are in some way both reflective and constitutive of their ways of thinking, several of the chapters that follow draw on and analyse the language contemporaries employed at the intersections between religion and sociability. The thesis as a whole suggests that doing so can give us insight into how their religious lives were socially organised, how groups were formed, bounded, and transgressed, and how that in itself fed back into the structures of sociability.
description: Funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council
Three-body nonleptonic B decays in perturbative QCD
Creators: name: Chen, Chuan-Hung
name: Li, Hsiang-nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop perturbative QCD formalism for three-body nonleptonic $B$ meson decays. Leading contributions are identified by defining power counting rules for various topologies of amplitudes. The analysis is simplified into the one for two-body decays by introducing two-meson distribution amplitudes. This formalism predicts both nonresonant and resonant contributions, and can be generalized to baryonic decays.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, version to appear in PLB
The Legal Limits of Intervention by Invitation of Government in Civil Wars
Creators: name: Shattock, Alexander Harry
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: international law
intervention
war
civil wars
use of force
law
terrorism
syria
yemen
ukraine

description: It has become widely accepted that if a state sends troops into another state following a government request, it will not breach the prohibition on the use of force set out in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter. This is known as “intervention by invitation.” However, it is clearly open to abuse, especially when invoked as a legal justification for intervening in a civil war, allowing allies of ineffective governments to help suppress genuine popular revolts. Thus, many 20th century writers argued that intervention by invitation in civil wars was not lawful, on the basis that it would necessarily breach the principles of self-determination and non-intervention. Several 21st century writers have maintained this position. This thesis will challenge those claims. Its focus will be on the legal limits on intervening in a civil war: the key question being what circumstances, if any, preclude a state from responding to a government invitation to intervene in a civil war. Part I will set out the key doctrinal issues and the scope of the research question, including the definition of a civil war. In contrast to previous studies of intervention by invitation, it will critique the alleged prohibition on intervention in civil wars by analysing its two constituent elements, self-determination and non-intervention, from a historical and theoretical perspective, concluding that neither principle is sufficiently clear in definition or application to support a general prohibition on intervention by invitation. Part II will analyse recent state practice on intervention by invitation, in order to determine whether it is an evolving norm in light of new developments such as the global war on terror and the apparent decline of the effective control doctrine. It will also consider potential limits to intervention by invitation in civil wars in the absence of a general prohibition, such as loss of government status, coercion and the ways in which an invitation can be communicated, and the extent to which these limitations have been challenged or confirmed by recent state practice.
description: Funded by Gonville & Caius studentship- Tapp
MOESM1 of Controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score as a preoperative risk assessment index for older patients with colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Ahiko, Yuka
name: Shida, Dai
name: Horie, Tomoko
name: Tanabe, Taro
name: Takamizawa, Yasuyuki
name: Sakamoto, Ryohei
name: Konosuke Moritani
name: Tsukamoto, Shunsuke
name: Yukihide Kanemitsu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. A list of complication definitions.
Heavy Nuclei Enrichment of the Galactic Cosmic Rays at High Energy: Astrophysical Interpretation
Creators: name: Maurin, D.
name: Casse, M.
name: Vangioni-Flam, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A substantial increase of the mean logarithmic mass $$ of galactic cosmic rays {\em vs} energy has been observed . We study three effects that could explain this trend i) different source spectra for protons and heavy nuclei ii) a selective nuclear destruction in flight of heavies iii) a gradient of the source number and chemical composition in the galactic disk. We take advantage of the diffusive cosmic ray propagation model developed at LAPTH to study specifically the geometrical aspects of the propagation and extend it to high energy. Using a simple modeling of the spectral knee around $10^{15}$ eV, a bump in $$ appears. This feature is smoother when the spectral index of protons is steeper than Fe's. We analyze the effects of the rigidity dependence of the diffusion coefficient and the scale height of the confinement halo and we show that $$ is most sensitive to the first parameter. Pure geometrical effects are less determining than the diffusion coefficient spectral index. Subsequently, we conclude that the physics of cosmic ray confinement is the essential cause of the heavy nuclei enrichment until $\sim 10^{15}$ eV.
description: 26 pages, 7 PostScript figures. Astropart. Phys, accepted; misprint in fig6 corrected
MOESM1 of Spatiotemporal spread of sarcoptic mange in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Switzerland over more than 60 years: lessons learnt from comparative analysis of multiple surveillance tools
Creators: name: Pisano, Simone
name: Zimmermann, Fridolin
name: Rossi, Luca
name: Simon Capt
name: Akdesir, Ezgi
name: BĂźrki, Roland
name: Kunz, Florin
name: Origgi, Francesco
name: Ryser-Degiorgis, Marie-Pierre
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Features of the camera-trapping monitoring. Table S2. Overview of data obtained from 23 camera-trapping sessions.
Presidential power effects on government and ministerial durability: evidence from Central and Eastern Europe
Creators: name: Semenova, Elena
name: Dowding, Keith
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: cabinet formation
subject: cabinet durability
subject: cabinet replacement
subject: Eastern Europe
subject: ministerial careers
subject: president
subject: semi-presidentialism
subject: presidential power
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: In this article, we examine the variation in the institutional powers granted to president to terminate cabinets (by dismissing prime ministers), and appointing ministers to show how variations affect both cabinet durability (and the mode of cabinet termination) and ministerial durability (i.e., the overall time a minister remains in cabinet). Using the most extensive survival data set on ministers in 14 Central and Eastern European countries available to date alongside data on government survival, our Cox regression models demonstrate that the institutional rules granting extensive powers to the presidents are powerful determinants of ministerial durability. We show that the effect of presidential powers reduces cabinet durability but increases ministerial durability. These results demonstrate that the specific powers given to chief executives are essential for issues surrounding implications for ministerial and cabinet durability, institutional choice, policy stability, and governmental accountability.
title: Lecture suivie et lecture "autour de l’oeuvre" :
title: Une étude de cas
titleType: Subtitle
title: Lecture suivie et lecture "autour de l’oeuvre" :
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Favre, Alexia
name: Jeanne, Bryan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Littérature
subject: langues et cultures étrangères
subject: lecture suivie
subject: lecture en réseau
subject: paratexte
subject: activités pluritextuelles

description: Ce mémoire de master est dédié à la comparaison de deux méthodes d’apprentissage pour l’analyse littéraire. Cette étude de cas a pour ambition de déterminer comment rendre les cours de littérature plus engageant et riche de sens pour les élèves. Notre approche didactique vise à favoriser la posture de l’élève en tant que sujet-lecteur actif, capable d’apprécier l’oeuvre à travers sa propre analyse. L’étude de cas s’est déroulée dans le cadre d’une classe de deuxième année de maturité. La première méthode employée est une lecture suivie qui se veut d’étudier uniquement Giovanni’s Room. La deuxième méthode, dite pluritextuelle ou en réseau, consiste en l’étude de documents additionnels qui enrichissent la lecture de l’oeuvre principale, Oranges Are Not the Only Fruits. Nous partons du postulat selon lequel cette méthode de lecture en réseau serait un outil indispensable pour une meilleure compréhension de l’oeuvre et favoriserait davantage de motivation chez les élèves ; au contraire d’une lecture suivie qui serait perçue comme plus limitée. Afin de tester cette hypothèse, nous avons proposé un questionnaire aux élèves. D’un côté, nous observons la tendance générale de la classe à l’aide de questions ouvertes dont les résultats sont rendus visibles par des diagrammes. De prime abord, les résultats obtenus ne permettent pas d’affirmer que les élèves ont d’avantage apprécié et compris l’ouvrage étudié sous la loupe de la pluritextualité. Nous restons malgré tout convaincus que la méthode est prometteuse car il s’avère que plusieurs élèves réclamaient, en somme, d’avantage d’éléments informatifs sur l’oeuvre étudiée. Cette étude n’est donc qu’une porte d’entrée pour l’analyse de ces deux méthodes et est suffisamment encourageante pour justifier des recherches supplémentaires à ce propos.
Highly Improved Naive and Staggered Fermions
Creators: name: Trottier, Howard D.
name: Lepage, G. Peter
name: Mackenzie, Paul B.
name: Mason, Quentin
name: Nobes, Matthew A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new action for highly improved staggered fermions. We show that perturbative calculations for the new action are well-behaved where those of the conventional staggered action are badly behaved. We discuss the effects of the new terms in controlling flavor mixing, and discuss the design of operators for the action.
description: Contribution to Lattice2001(improvement); 3 pages
Fog Computing as Privacy Enabler
Creators: name: Pallas, Frank
name: Raschke, Philip
name: Bermbach, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite broad discussions on privacy challenges arising from fog computing, the authors argue that privacy and security requirements might actually drive the adoption of fog computing. They present four patterns of fog computing fostering data privacy and the security of business secrets, complementing existing cryptographic approaches. Their practical application is illuminated on the basis of three case studies.
description: Preprint, accepted for publication in IEEE Internet Computing. This is the authors' own version before final copy-editing by IEEE
MOESM1 of Investigation of the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway for microbial terpenoid production through metabolic control analysis
Creators: name: Volke, Daniel
name: Rohwer, Johann
name: Fischer, Rainer
name: Jennewein, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Additional tables and figures.
The doubly heavy baryons
Creators: name: Narodetskii, I. M.
name: Trusov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results for the masses of the doubly heavy baryons $Ξ_{QQ'}$ and $Ω_{Q'Q}$ where $Q,Q'=b,c$ obtained in the framework of the simple approximation within the nonperturbative string approach.
description: 4 pages, 1 EPS fig., using espcrc2.sty package. Talk presented by I.M.Narodetskii at the 5th International Conference on Hyperon, Charm and Beauty Hadrons, Vancouver, Canada, June 2002
Neutral pion mass in the linear sigma model coupled to quarks at arbitrary magnetic field
Creators: name: Das, Aritra
name: Haque, Najmul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the neutral pion mass in the presence of an external magnetic field of arbitrary strength in the framework of the linear sigma model coupled to quarks at zero temperature. We find nonmonotonic behavior of the pion mass as a function of magnetic field. We are also able to reproduce existing results for the weak-field approximation.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, v2, published version
The “Argentine Franco”?: The Regime of Juan Carlos Onganía and its Ideological Dialogue with Francoist Spain (1966-1970)
Creators: name: Kressel, Daniel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Juan Carlos Onganía
subject: Francoism
subject: The Argentine Revolution
subject: Opus Dei
subject: Hispanidad
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::980 Geschichte Südamerikas::982 Geschichte Argentiniens

description: The article examines the ideological character of Juan Carlos Onganía's dictatorship by exploring its ties and dialogue with Francisco Franco's Spain. Known as the “Argentine Revolution,” Onganía's regime (1966-70) was, the article shows, one of the first Cold War Latin American dictatorship to overtly use Francoist ideology as its point of reference. While building on the conventional wisdom that the legacies of the Spanish Civil War informed right-wing thought in Latin America, the study then shifts its focus to Spain's 1960s “economic miracle” and technocratic state model, observing them as a prominent discursive toolkit for authoritarian Argentine intellectuals. Drawing on newly discovered correspondence and archival sources, the article first excavates the intellectual networks operating between Franco's Spain and the Argentine right during the 1950s and 1960s. Once handpicked by Onganía to design his regime, these Argentine Franco-sympathizers were to decide the character of the Argentine Revolution. Second, the article sheds light on the intimate collaboration between the two dictatorships, and further explores the reasons for Onganía's downfall. In doing so, the study adds to a burgeoning historiographic field that underscores the significance of the Francoist dictatorship in the Latin American right-wing imaginary.
Playing Modern: Essaying, 1880–1920, Wilde, Chesterton, Woolf
Creators: name: Tippin, Robert Eric
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Oscar Wilde
G. K. Chesterton
Virginia Woolf
1880–1920
periodicals
literary form
modernity
the essay
periodical

description: Between 1880 and 1920, both urban England and essays published in urban England underwent seismic shifts and splits, as population grew, education and technology advanced, and periodical publishing expanded. The city grew both larger in size and smaller in units of comprehensibility, and many of its people were (or were perceived by certain thinkers to be) less free and more instrumental. The periodical essay too grew more common and, at the same time, smaller in size, less free, and more instrumental, as it developed closer ties with journalism, with the industrial city, and with readers of all classes. By an examination of various forms of essaying in the period, this thesis argues that the essay’s transitions parallel modernity’s transitions, not only because the essay reflects or enacts or follows trends in modernity, but also because modernity at the time was conditioned by the essay’s way of thinking through its form and cannot be fully understood without reference to the activities of the urban periodical essay at the time. The essay between 1880 and 1920 was a highly social genre, and this sociability manifested in a number of ways this thesis will explore. Its periodical context allowed it a ritual, patterning relationship with its readers; its brevity and limitations pushed it into dialectical, double-glancing modes of thought that complemented its fragmented setting; its tendency to direct attention away from its own form gave it a unique, constitutive role in literary modernisms; its material connections to new technologies implicated it in new doubts concerning urban modernity, and its massed readership embroiled it in fears over anti– or a–intellectual over-simplification. This thesis tells the stories of the periodical essay, in London, as an actor in modernity’s transitions, by examining four concepts central to both the essay and to emergent modernity: play, the trick, doubt, and wisdom. These concepts are treated, primarily, through the work of three writers—Oscar Wilde, G. K. Chesterton, and Virginia Woolf—all of whom, in their styling of the essay, embody different moments and essayistic registers in the transitions of modernity and reveal the cross-fertilising relationship between essaying and what is meant by ‘the modern’.
Generalized Magnetofluid Connections in Curved Spacetime
Creators: name: Comisso, Luca
name: Asenjo, Felipe A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ideal magnetohydrodynamic theorem on the conservation of the magnetic connections between plasma elements is extended to non-ideal relativistic plasmas in curved spacetime. The existence of generalized magnetofluid connections that are preserved by the plasma dynamics is formalized by means of a covariant connection equation that includes different non-ideal effects. These generalized connections are constituted by 2-dimensional hypersurfaces, which are linked to an antisymmetric tensor field that unifies the electromagnetic and fluid fields. They can be interpreted in terms of generalized magnetofluid vorticity field lines by considering a 3+1 foliation of spacetime and a time resetting projection that compensates for the loss of simultaneity in different reference frames between spatially separated events. The worldsheets of the generalized magnetofluid vorticity field lines play a fundamental role in the plasma dynamics by prohibiting evolutions that do not preserve the magnetofluid connectivity.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
NH3 in the Central 10 pc of the Galaxy. II. Determination of Opacity for Gas with Large Linewidths
Creators: name: McGary, Robeson S.
name: Ho, Paul T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 23 GHz emission lines from the NH3 rotation inversion transitions are widely used to investigate the kinematics and physical conditions in dense molecular clouds. The line profile is composed of hyperfine components which can be used to calculate the opacity of the gas (Ho & Townes 1983). If the intrinsic linewidth of the gas exceeds one half of the separation of these quadrupole hyperfine components (~5-10 km/s) these lines blend together and the observed linewidths greatly overestimate the intrinsic linewidths. If uncorrected, these artificially broad linewidths will lead to artificially high opacities. We have observed this effect in our NH3 data from the central 10 pc of the Galaxy where uncorrected NH3 (1,1) linewidths of ~30 km/s exaggerate the intrinsic linewidths by more than a factor of two (Genzel & Townes 1987). Models of the effect of blending on the line profile enable us to solve for the intrinsic linewidth and opacity of NH3 using the observed linewidth and intensity of two NH3 rotation inversion transitions. We present the result of the application of this method to our Galactic Center data. We successfully recover the intrinsic linewidth and opacity of the gas. Clouds close to the nucleus in projected distance as well as those that are being impacted by Sgr A East show the highest intrinsic linewidths. The cores of the ``southern streamer'' (Ho et al. 1991; Coil & Ho 1999, 2000) and the ``50 km/s'' giant molecular cloud have the highest opacities.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Quantum Link Models with Many Rishon Flavors and with Many Colors
Creators: name: Baer, O.
name: Brower, R.
name: Schlittgen, B.
name: Wiese, U. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum link models are a novel formulation of gauge theories in terms of discrete degrees of freedom. These degrees of freedom are described by quantum operators acting in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space. We show that for certain representations of the operator algebra, the usual Yang-Mills action is recovered in the continuum limit. The quantum operators can be expressed as bilinears of fermionic creation and annihilation operators called rishons. Using the rishon representation the quantum link Hamiltonian can be expressed entirely in terms of color-neutral operators. This allows us to study the large N_c limit of this model. In the 't Hooft limit we find an area law for the Wilson loop and a mass gap. Furthermore, the strong coupling expansion is a topological expansion in which graphs with handles and boundaries are suppressed.
description: Lattice2001(theorydevelop), poster by O. Baer and talk by B. Schlittgen, 6 pages
Unc13A and Unc13B contribute to the decoding of distinct sensory information in Drosophila
Creators: name: Pooryasin, Atefeh
name: Maglione, Marta
name: Schubert, Marco
name: Matkovic-Rachid, Tanja
name: Hasheminasab, Sayed-Mohammad
name: Pech, Ulrike
name: Fiala, André
name: Mielke, Thorsten
name: J. Sigrist, Stephan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Olfactory system
subject: Synaptic plasticity
subject: Synaptic transmission
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The physical distance between presynaptic Ca2+ channels and the Ca2+ sensors triggering the release of neurotransmitter-containing vesicles regulates short-term plasticity (STP). While STP is highly diversified across synapse types, the computational and behavioral relevance of this diversity remains unclear. In the Drosophila brain, at nanoscale level, we can distinguish distinct coupling distances between Ca2+ channels and the (m)unc13 family priming factors, Unc13A and Unc13B. Importantly, coupling distance defines release components with distinct STP characteristics. Here, we show that while Unc13A and Unc13B both contribute to synaptic signalling, they play distinct roles in neural decoding of olfactory information at excitatory projection neuron (ePN) output synapses. Unc13A clusters closer to Ca2+ channels than Unc13B, specifically promoting fast phasic signal transfer. Reduction of Unc13A in ePNs attenuates responses to both aversive and appetitive stimuli, while reduction of Unc13B provokes a general shift towards appetitive values. Collectively, we provide direct genetic evidence that release components of distinct nanoscopic coupling distances differentially control STP to play distinct roles in neural decoding of sensory information.
Asymptotic Behaviour and Derivation of Mean Field Models
Creators: name: Holding, Thomas James
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: homogenisation
kinetic theory
non-linear PDE

description: This thesis studies various problems related to the asymptotic behaviour and derivation of mean field models from systems of many particles. Chapter 1 introduces mean field models and their derivation, and then summarises the following chapters of this thesis. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 directly study systems composed of many particles. In Chapter 2 we prove quantitative propagation of chaos for systems of interacting SDEs with interaction kernels that are merely Hölder continuous (the usual assumption being Lipschitz). On the way we prove the existence of differentiable stochastic flows for a class of degenerate SDEs with rough coefficients and a uniform law of large numbers for SDEs. Chapters 3 and 4 study the asymptotic behaviour of the Arrow-Hurwicz-Uzawa gradient method, which is a dynamical system for locating saddle points of concave-convex functions. This method is widely used in distributed optimisation over networks, for example in power systems and in rate control in communication networks. Chapter 3 gives an exact characterisation of the limiting solutions of the gradient method on the full space for arbitrary concave-convex functions. In Chapter 4 we extend this result to the subgradient method where the dynamics of the gradient method are restricted to an arbitrary convex set. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 study the stability of mean field models. Chapters 5 and 6 prove an instability criterion for non-monotone equilibria of the Vlasov-Maxwell system. In Chapter 5 we study a related problem in approximation of the spectra of families of unbounded self adjoint operators. In Chapter 6 we show how the instability problem for Vlasov-Maxwell can be reduced to this spectral problem. In Chapter 7 we give a proof of well-posedness of a class of solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson system with unbounded spatial density. Chapters 8 and 9 change track and study the dynamics of a solute in a fluid background. In Chapter 8 we study a simple model for this phenomena, the kinetic Fokker-Planck equation, and show contraction of its semi-group in the Wasserstein distance when the spatial variable lies on the torus. Chapter 9 studies a more complex model of passive transport of a solute under a large and highly oscillatory fluid field. We prove a homogenisation result showing convergence to an effective diffusion equation for the transported solute profile.
Fluctuation-dissipation ratio of the Heisenberg spin glass
Creators: name: Kawamura, Hikaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluctuation-dissipation (FD) relation of the three-dimensional Heisenberg spin glass with weak random anisotropy is studied by off-equilibrium Monte Carlo simulation. Numerically determined FD ratio exhibits a ``one-step-ike''behavior, the effective temperature of the spin-glass state being about twice the spin-glass transition temperature, $T_{\rm eff}\simeq 2T_g$, irrespective of the bath temperature. The results are discussed in conjunction with the recent experiment by Herisson and Ocio, and with the chirality scenario of spin-glass transition.
description: Inset added to Fig.1. Minor change made in the text. To appear in PRL
Speaking of pragmatics: Addressing discourse in Finnish and Japanese syntax
Creators: name: Hollingsworth, Anna Victoria
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Finnish
Japanese
discourse syntax
speaker
addressee

description: Matters of discourse are often dismissed into the fringes of linguistics. However, a growing body of recent research on various discourse-related elements has revived the idea attributed to Ross (1970) of representing the notions of speaker and addressee syntactically. The goal of this dissertation is to shed further comparative light on the syntactization of pragmatics – especially speakers and addressees– and to contribute to the understanding of what kind of cross-linguistic points of variation can be found here. The comparison focuses on Finnish and Japanese, chosen as they are genetically and geographically unrelated, yet typologically similar in manifesting a great degree of discourse-sensitivity. I argue that to wholly understand a variety of discourse-related phenomena – discourse particles, the expression of contrast, and different instances of nullness – the standard structures postulated for Finnish and Japanese syntax have to be reconsidered, and build up to encode additional speech act-related layers in accordance with Wiltschko and Heim’s (2016) Universal Spine Hypothesis. Chapter 3 discusses the Finnish second-position clitics -hAn and -pA as well as an array of Japanese sentence-final particles, showing that their pragmatic contribution is best understood through notions relating to discourse participants, and that this implies the presence of a speech act -related layer above the CP. Chapter 4 contrasts the behaviour of the particles with contrastive elements in the two languages, showing that there is a strong empirical case to be made for a divide between the CP and the higher layer. Chapter 5 zooms in on the inner structure of the higher layer, and argues based on evidence from interrogatives that the speech act layer is further divided into Grounding and Response layers. Finally, I turn to the importance of internal contrasts and scales in syntax: gradience and contrasts built on hierarchies are shown to play a crucial role in properly understanding the behaviour of null subjects and possessive suffixes in Finnish and case marker drop in Japanese. What emerges is a re-thought syntactic frame for Finnish and Japanese as well as new comparative evidence on the importance of speakers and addressees.
description: St John's College Benefactors' Scholarship
An exploratory study of the glassy landscape near jamming
Creators: name: Artiaco, Claudia
name: Baldan, Paolo
name: Parisi, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the study of the landscape structure of athermal soft spheres both as a function of the packing fraction and of the energy. We find that, on approaching the jamming transition, the number of different configurations available to the system has a steep increase and that a hierarchical organization of the landscape emerges. We use the knowledge of the structure of the landscape to predict the values of thermodynamic observables on the edge of the transition.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures
The bound state corrections to the semileptonic decays of the heavy baryons
Creators: name: D'Souza, I.
name: Kalman, C. S.
name: Kulikov, P. Yu.
name: Narodetskii, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an investigation of the lepton energy distributions in the inclusive semileptonic weak decays of heavy baryons performed within a relativistic quark model formulated on the light front (LF). Using the heavy-quark LF distribution functions related to the equal time momentum wave functions taken from the Kalman--Tran--D'Souza model we compute the electron energy spectra and the total semileptonic widths of the Lambda_Q and Xi_Q (Q=c,b) baryons and confront the results with existing data.
description: Latex, 5 pages, 3 figures. Talk presented by Calvin Kalman at the 5th International Conference on Hyperon, Charm and Beauty Hadrons, Vancouver, June 2002
Indigenous knowledge in international Arctic governance regimes
Creators: name: Weisburger, Alison
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2011

description: In contrast to the rising tide of alarmist news articles warning the world about potential clashes between the Arctic countries, this paper is not about conflict nor is it exclusively focused on nation-states. This project explores some of the international cooperation that is occurring in the Arctic, and pays special attention to the role of indigenous peoples in this cooperation. Perhaps a less sensationalistic angle than the stories in the popular press, but probably more important if we want to come up with constructive ideas for maintaining effective and legitimate cooperation in the future. However, that is not to say that the forthcoming academic study is without the dramatic features of tension, power struggles, and uncertainty. In the following thesis, I will use the lens of international regime theory to analyze the discourse of indigenous knowledge in the Arctic Council. Through this analysis, I aim to reveal the power of this discourse and its relationship to the social practices, including the agency of both indigenous and non-indigenous actors, surrounding the cooperation taking place under the Arctic Council. Indeed, I would argue that this analysis presents an example of some of the most remarkable, albeit nuanced, elements of contemporary Arctic politics.
Effects of Pauli blocking on pion production in central collisions of neutron-rich nuclei
Creators: name: Ikeno, Natsumi
name: Ono, Akira
name: Nara, Yasushi
name: Ohnishi, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pauli blocking is carefully investigated for the processes of $NN \rightarrow N Δ$ and $Δ\rightarrow N π$ in heavy-ion collisions, aiming at a more precise prediction of the $π^-/ π^+$ ratio which is an important observable to constrain the high-density symmetry energy. We use the AMD+JAM approach, which combines the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics for the time evolution of nucleons and the JAM model to treat processes for $Δ$ resonances and pions. As is known in general transport-code simulations, it is difficult to treat Pauli blocking very precisely due to unphysical fluctuations and additional smearing of the phase-space distribution function, when Pauli blocking is treated in the standard method of JAM. We propose an improved method in AMD+JAM to use the Wigner function precisely calculated in AMD as the blocking probability. Different Pauli blocking methods are compared in heavy-ion collisions of neutron-rich nuclei, ${}^{132}\mathrm{Sn}+{}^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$, at 270 MeV/nucleon. With the more accurate method, we find that Pauli blocking is stronger, in particular for the neutron in the final state in $NN \rightarrow N Δ$ and $ Δ\to Nπ$, compared to the case with a proton in the final state. Consequently, the $π^-/π^+$ ratio becomes higher when the Pauli blocking is improved, the effect of which is found to be comparable to the sensitivity to the high-density symmetry energy.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table: The title is changed. All figures are updated. Table 1 is added
Centralizers of p-Subgroups in Simple Locally Finite Groups
Creators: name: Ersoy, Kıvanç
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Simple groups
subject: Automorphisms of infinite groups
subject: Linear algebraic groups over arbitrary fields
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: In Ersoy et al. [J. Algebra481 (2017), 1–11], we have proved that if G is a locally finite group with an elementary abelian p-subgroup A of order strictly greater than p2 such that CG(A) is Chernikov and for every non-identity α ∈ A the centralizer CG(α) does not involve an infinite simple group, then G is almost locally soluble. This result is a consequence of another result proved in Ersoy et al. [J. Algebra481 (2017), 1–11], namely: if G is a simple locally finite group with an elementary abelian group A of automorphisms acting on it such that the order of A is greater than p2, the centralizer CG(A) is Chernikov and for every non-identity α ∈ A the set of fixed points CG(α) does not involve an infinite simple groups then G is finite. In this paper, we improve this result about simple locally finite groups: Indeed, suppose that G is a simple locally finite group, consider a finite non-abelian subgroup P of automorphisms of exponent p such that the centralizer CG(P) is Chernikov and for every non-identity α ∈ P the set of fixed points CG(α) does not involve an infinite simple group. We prove that if Aut(G) has such a subgroup, then G ≅PSLp(k) where char k ≠ p and P has a subgroup Q of order p2 such that CG(P) = Q.
Segmentation in the Philippine Informal Credit Marktes: A Multinomial Logit Analysis
Creators: name: Meyer, Richard L.
name: Nagarajan, Geetha
name: Hushak, Leroy J.
name: Meyer, Richard L.
name: Nagarajan, Geetha
name: Hushak, Leroy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: The paper explains the market segmentation that occurs in the Philippine informal credit markets through the matching of borrows and lenders by their occupational specialization which internalizes transaction costs and facilitates economic activity. The regression results support a predictable pattern of matching farmers lenders with borrowers specialization in non-farm activities and trader lenders with borrowers specialized in farming.
Cosmological Deuterium Production in Non-Standard Scenarios
Creators: name: Jedamzik, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is widely believed that the cosmic baryon density may be obtained by inferring deuterium abundances in low-metallicity quasar absorption line systems. The implicit assumptions which enter this argument are critically assessed. In particular, the production of deuterium in non-standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis scenarios, the putative production of deuterium in astrophysical environments, and the possible destruction of deuterium via non-standard chemical evolution are discussed.
description: 11 pages, article based on a talk presented at "Deuterium in the Universe", Meudon, June 2001, to be published in Planetary and Space Science
Community Food Enterprises: Their role in food system change, opportunities, challenges and support needs
Creators: name: SERENITY HILL
name: Sheridan, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 70199 Agriculture, Land and Farm Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences

description: Community Food Enterprises (CFEs) are locally-owned/-controlled food businesses or ventures founded around a desire to create positive outcomes for the communities they serve. This may be in the form of improved social or environmental outcomes, increased access to healthy food and support of local producers by providing fair farm gate prices. CFEs are a key ingredient in expanding markets for regenerative agriculture. Through its work with CFEs on food systems development projects and CFE incubator programs, Open Food Network has identified challenges facing CFEs in Australia, and five critical success factors. We have found that there are a number of ways to support enterprises, and to support a food system of thriving CFEs.
Probing the mass loss history of carbon stars using CO line and dust continuum emission
Creators: name: Schoeier, F. L.
name: Ryde, N.
name: Olofsson, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extensive modelling of CO line emission from the circumstellar envelopes around a number of carbon stars is performed. By combining radio observations and infrared observations obtained by ISO the circumstellar envelope characteristics are probed over a large radial range. In the radiative transfer analysis the observational data are consistently reproduced assuming a spherically symmetric and smooth wind expanding at a constant velocity. The combined data set gives better determined envelope parameters, and puts constraints on the mass loss history of these carbon stars. The importance of dust in the excitation of CO is addressed using a radiative transfer analysis of the observed continuum emission, and it is found to have only minor effects on the derived line intensities. The analysis of the dust emission also puts further constraints on the mass loss rate history. The stars presented here are not likely to have experienced any drastic long-term mass loss rate modulations, at least less than a factor of about 5, over the past thousands of years. Only three, out of nine, carbon stars were observed long enough by ISO to allow a detection of CO far-infrared rotational lines.
description: 11pages, 7 figures, accepted by A&A
Existence of n-cycles and border-collision bifurcations in piecewise-linear continuous maps with applications to recurrent neural networks
Creators: name: Monfared, Zahra
name: Durstewitz, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Piecewise linear recurrent neural networks (PLRNNs) form the basis of many successful machine learning applications for time series prediction and dynamical systems identification, but rigorous mathematical analysis of their dynamics and properties is lagging behind. Here we contribute to this topic by investigating the existence of n-cycles $(n\geq 3)$ and border-collision bifurcations in a class of n-dimensional piecewise linear continuous maps which have the general form of a PLRNN. This is particularly important as for one-dimensional maps the existence of 3-cycles implies chaos. It is shown that these n-cycles collide with the switching boundary in a border-collision bifurcation, and parametric regions for the existence of both stable and unstable n-cycles and border-collision bifurcations will be derived theoretically. We then discuss how our results can be extended and applied to PLRNNs. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the implementation of our results and are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical derivations. Our findings thus provide a basis for understanding periodic behavior in PLRNNs, how it emerges in bifurcations, and how it may lead into chaos.
Failed strategies, external events or just life in the global markets? Discussing the downturn of the pulp and paper industry in Finland
Creators: name: Saastamoinen, Olli
name: Saastamoinen, Olli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Forest industries
subject: employment
subject: consolidation
subject: political economy

description: After the recession of early 1990s the major pulp and paper companies in Finland engaged in further consolidation and widened their earlier “European” investment orientation into “global” business strategies by mill acquisitions in North America and elsewhere. In the search for better profitability, the shareholder value paradigm was gaining strength as a business model. Profitability peaked in 2000, but then turned downwards as it largely did also globally. Product demand, prices and costs developed unfavourably. Global competition increased and problems of excess capacity became more severe, in particular in Europe. In Finland the strategies of belt tightening and leaning, ultimately called “survival strategies”, were adopted. The pace of mill closures, production breaks and personnel lay-offs, started in 2005 and has lasted until today. The paper discusses what went wrong and can be learnt, if anything, as the survival test seems to be passed, profitability of paper companies is improving, and shareholders are gradually gaining back what belongs to them.
Thermodynamic properties of QCD with two flavors of Wilson-type lattice quarks
Creators: name: Kanaya, Kazuyuki
name: Collaboration, CP-PACS
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I report on a study of finite temperature QCD by the CP-PACS Collaboration toward a precise determination of the equation of state with dynamical u,d quarks. Based on a systematic simulation using improved Wilson-type quarks on lattices with temporal size $N_t=4$ and 6, the energy density and pressure are calculated as functions of temperature and renormalized light quark mass in the range $T/T_c \approx 0.7$--2.5 and $m_{\rm PS}/m_{\rm V} = 0.65$--0.95. Results for $N_t=4$ are found to contain significant scaling violations, while results for $N_t=6$ are suggested to be not far from the continuum limit. On the other hand, the quark mass dependence in the EOS turned out to be small for $m_{\rm PS}/m_{\rm V} \simlt 0.8$.
description: Talk presented at Statistical QCD, Aug. 26-30, 2001, Bielefeld, Germany. LaTeX2e, 6 pages, 4 PS figures, espcrc1.sty needed