cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraining Galileon gravity from observational data with growth rate
Creators: name: Hirano, Koichi
name: Komiya, Zen
name: Shirai, Hisato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the cosmological constraints on the Galileon gravity obtained from observational data of the growth rate of matter density perturbations, the supernovae Ia (SN Ia), the cosmic microwave background (CMB), and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). For the same value of the energy density parameter of matter $Ω_{m,0}$, the growth rate $f$ in Galileon models is enhanced, relative to the $Λ$CDM case, because of an increase in Newton's constant. The smaller $Ω_{m,0}$ is, the more growth rate is suppressed. Therefore, the best fit value of $Ω_{m,0}$ in the Galileon model, based only the growth rate data, is quite small. This is incompatible with the value of $Ω_{m,0}$ obtained from the combination of SN Ia, CMB, and BAO data. On the other hand, in the $Λ$CDM model, the values of $Ω_{m,0}$ obtained from different observational data sets are consistent. In the analysis of this paper, we found that the Galileon model is less compatible with observations than the $Λ$CDM model. This result seems to be qualitatively the same in most of the generalized Galileon models in which Newton's constant is enhanced.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in Progress of Theoretical Physics
Ash Deposition Triggers Phytoplankton Blooms at Nishinoshima Volcano, Japan
Creators: name: Kelly, Liam J.
name: Fauria, Kristen E.
name: Mittal, Tushar
name: El Kassar, Jan
name: Bennartz, Ralf
name: Nicholson, David
name: Subramaniam, Ajit
name: Gupta, Ashok Kumar
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: phytoplankton bloom
subject: ash deposition
subject: Nishinoshima
subject: chlorophyll-a
subject: ocean fertilization
subject: carbon drawdown
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Volcanoes that deposit eruptive products into the ocean can trigger phytoplankton blooms near the deposition area. Phytoplankton blooms impact the global carbon cycle, but the specific conditions and mechanisms that facilitate volcanically triggered blooms are not well understood, especially in low nutrient ocean regions. We use satellite remote sensing to analyze the chlorophyll response to an 8-month period of explosive and effusive activity from Nishinoshima volcano, Japan. Nishinoshima is an ocean island volcano in a low nutrient low chlorophyll region of the Northern Pacific Ocean. From June to August 2020, during explosive activity, satellite-derived chlorophyll-a was detectable with amplitudes significantly above the long-term climatological value. After the explosive activity ceased in mid-August 2020, these areas of heightened chlorophyll concentration decreased as well. In addition, we used aerial observations and satellite imagery to demonstrate a spatial correlation between blooms and ash plume direction. Using a sun-induced chlorophyll-a fluorescence satellite product, we confirmed that the observed chlorophyll blooms are phytoplankton blooms. Based on an understanding of the nutrients needed to supply blooms, we hypothesize that blooms of nitrogen-fixing phytoplankton led to a 1010–1012 g drawdown of carbon. Thus, the bloom could have significantly mediated the output of carbon from the explosive phase of the eruption but is a small fraction of anthropogenic CO2 stored in the ocean or the global biological pump. Overall, we provide a case study of fertilization of a nutrient-poor ocean with volcanic ash and demonstrate a scenario where multi-month scale deposition triggers continuous phytoplankton blooms across 1,000s of km2.
Optimal measures and Markov transition kernels
Creators: name: Belavkin, Roman V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study optimal solutions to an abstract optimization problem for measures, which is a generalization of classical variational problems in information theory and statistical physics. In the classical problems, information and relative entropy are defined using the Kullback-Leibler divergence, and for this reason optimal measures belong to a one-parameter exponential family. Measures within such a family have the property of mutual absolute continuity. Here we show that this property characterizes other families of optimal positive measures if a functional representing information has a strictly convex dual. Mutual absolute continuity of optimal probability measures allows us to strictly separate deterministic and non-deterministic Markov transition kernels, which play an important role in theories of decisions, estimation, control, communication and computation. We show that deterministic transitions are strictly sub-optimal, unless information resource with a strictly convex dual is unconstrained. For illustration, we construct an example where, unlike non-deterministic, any deterministic kernel either has negatively infinite expected utility (unbounded expected error) or communicates infinite information.
description: Replaced with a final and accepted draft; Journal of Global Optimization, Springer, Jan 1, 2012
B1.3 Pedagogical Strategies, Approaches and Methodologies to Support Literacy Development at Post-Primary Level
Creators: name: McDonald, Elaine
name: Doyle, Audrey
name: Fitzsimons, Sabrina
name: White, Irene
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: literacy, pedagogical strategies, approaches, methodologies, post-primary

description: TBA
Cryptic invasion suggested by a cytogeographic analysis of the halophytic Puccinellia distans complex (Poaceae) in Central Europe
Creators: name: Kúr, Pavel
name: Gregor, Thomas
name: Jandová, Michaela
name: Mesterházy, Attila
name: Paule, Juraj
name: Píšová, Soňa
name: Šemberová, Kristýna
name: Koutecký, Petr
name: Ducháček, Michal
name: Schneeweiss, Gerald M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: cryptic invasion
subject: cytogeography
subject: flow cytometry
subject: genetic pollution
subject: halophyte
subject: polyploidy
subject: Puccinellia distans agg.
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Introduction: Despite the wealth of studies dealing with the invasions of alien plants, invasions of alien genotypes of native species (cryptic invasions) have been vastly neglected. The impact of cryptic invasions on the biodiversity of plant communities can, however, be significant. Inland saline habitats and halophytes (i.e., salt-tolerant plant species) are especially threatened by this phenomenon as they inhabit fragmented remnants of largely destroyed habitats, but at the same time some of these halophytic species are rapidly spreading along salt-treated roads. To study potential cryptic invasion of halophytes, the patterns of genome size and ploidy variation in the Puccinellia distans complex (Poaceae), the most rapidly spreading roadside halophyte in Central Europe, were investigated. Methods: DNA flow cytometry with confirmatory chromosome counts were employed to assess ploidy levels of 1414 individuals from 133 populations of the P. distans complex. In addition, climatic niche modelling was used to predict the distributions of selected cytotypes. Results: Eight groups differing in ploidy level and/or genome size were discovered, one diploid (2x; 2n = 14), two tetraploid (4xA, 4xB; 2n = 28), one pentaploid (5x; 2n = 35), three hexaploid (6xA, 6xB, 6xC; 2n = 42), and one heptaploid (7x; 2n = 49). The hexaploids (mostly the 6xC cytotype) were widespread through the study area, spreading intensively in both anthropogenic and natural habitats and probably hybridizing with the natural habitat dwelling tetraploids. In contrast, the non-hexaploid cytotypes rarely spread and were predominantly confined to natural habitats. Discussion: The extensive spread of the hexaploid cytotypes along roadsides has most likely facilitated their incursion into natural habitats. The colonization of new natural habitats by the hexaploids may pose a threat to the indigenous Puccinellia populations by compromising their genetic integrity and/or by outcompeting them.
Elucidating Hidden and Enduring Weaknesses in Dust Emission Modeling
Creators: name: Chappell, Adrian
name: Webb, Nicholas P.
name: Hennen, Mark
name: Zender, Charles S.
name: Ciais, Philippe
name: Schepanski, Kerstin
name: Edwards, Brandon L.
name: Ziegler, Nancy P.
name: Balkanski, Yves
name: Tong, Daniel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: dust emission
subject: aerodynamic sheltering
subject: vegetation
subject: drag partition
subject: albedo
subject: MODIS
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Large-scale classical dust cycle models, developed more than two decades ago, assume for simplicity that the Earth's land surface is devoid of vegetation, reduce dust emission estimates using a vegetation cover complement, and calibrate estimates to observed atmospheric dust optical depth (DOD). Consequently, these models are expected to be valid for use with dust-climate projections in Earth System Models. We reveal little spatial relation between DOD frequency and satellite observed dust emission from point sources (DPS) and a difference of up to 2 orders of magnitude. We compared DPS data to an exemplar traditional dust emission model (TEM) and the albedo-based dust emission model (AEM) which represents aerodynamic roughness over space and time. Both models overestimated dust emission probability but showed strong spatial relations to DPS, suitable for calibration. Relative to the AEM calibrated to the DPS, the TEM overestimated large dust emission over vast vegetated areas and produced considerable false change in dust emission. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that calibrating dust cycle models to DOD has hidden for more than two decades, these TEM modeling weaknesses. The AEM overcomes these weaknesses without using masks or vegetation cover data. Considerable potential therefore exists for ESMs driven by prognostic albedo, to reveal new insights of aerosol effects on, and responses to, contemporary and environmental change projections.
Tuning of dielectric properties and magnetism of SrTiO3 by site-specific doping of Mn
Creators: name: Choudhury, D.
name: Mukherjee, S.
name: Mandal, P.
name: Sundaresan, A.
name: Waghmare, U. V.
name: Bhattacharjee, S.
name: Mathieu, R.
name: Lazor, P.
name: Eriksson, O.
name: Sanyal, B.
name: Nordblad, P.
name: Sharma, A.
name: Bhat, S. V.
name: Karis, O.
name: Sarma, D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining experiments with first principles calculations, we show that site-specific doping of Mn into SrTiO3 has a decisive influence on the dielectric properties of these doped systems. We find that phonon contributions to the dielectric constant invariably decrease sharply on doping at any site. However, a sizable, random dipolar contribution only for Mn at the Sr site arises from a strong off-centric displacement of Mn in spite of Mn being in a non-d0 state; this leads to a large dielectric constant at higher temperatures and gives rise to a relaxor ferroelectric behavior at lower temperatures. We also investigate magnetic properties in detail and critically reevaluate the possibility of a true multi-glass state in such systems.
description: 24 Pages, 2 Tables, 9 Figures
Myocardial CT perfusion imaging for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease: multisegment reconstruction does not improve diagnostic performance
Creators: name: Preuß, Daniel
name: Garcia, Gonzalo
name: Laule, Michael
name: Dewey, Marc
name: Rief, Matthias
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Coronary artery disease
subject: Coronary angiography
subject: Multidetector computed tomography
subject: Myocardial perfusion imaging
subject: Sensitivity and specificity
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Multisegment reconstruction (MSR) was introduced to shorten the temporal reconstruction window of computed tomography (CT) and thereby reduce motion artefacts. We investigated whether MSR of myocardial CT perfusion (CTP) can improve diagnostic performance in detecting obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with halfscan reconstruction (HSR). Methods: A total of 134 patients (median age 65.7 years) with clinical indication for invasive coronary angiography and without cardiac surgery prospectively underwent static CTP. In 93 patients with multisegment acquisition, we retrospectively performed both MSR and HSR and searched both reconstructions for perfusion defects. Subgroups with known (n = 68) or suspected CAD (n = 25) and high heart rate (n = 30) were analysed. The area under the curve (AUC) was compared applying DeLong approach using >= 50% stenosis on invasive coronary angiography as reference standard. Results: Per-patient analysis revealed the overall AUC of MSR (0.65 [95% confidence interval 0.53, 0.78]) to be inferior to that of HSR (0.79 [0.69, 0.88]; p = 0.011). AUCs of MSR and HSR were similar in all subgroups analysed (known CAD 0.62 [0.45, 0.79] versus 0.72 [0.57, 0.86]; p = 0.157; suspected CAD 0.80 [0.63, 0.97] versus 0.89 [0.77, 1.00]; p = 0.243; high heart rate 0.46 [0.19, 0.73] versus 0.55 [0.33, 0.77]; p = 0.389). Median stress radiation dose was higher for MSR than for HSR (6.67 mSv versus 3.64 mSv, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MSR did not improve diagnostic performance of myocardial CTP imaging while increasing radiation dose compared with HSR.
In-office Procedures for Dermatologists Managing Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Creators: name: Barnes, Leandra A.
name: Chen, Stella X.
name: Wadhera, Akhil
name: Aleshin, Maria A.
name: Naik, Haley B.
name: Gomez, Jason
name: Fonjungo, Fonette
name: Sayed, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Purpose of Review This review aims to assess the landscape of in-office procedural management of HS. It evaluates the role of simple office procedures, such as steroid injections and incision and drainage (I&D), to the more complicated office surgical procedures, including deroofing and excisions with secondary intention healing, and innovative light and laser-based therapies. Recent Findings Punch debridement (mini-deroofing) remains an underutilized in-office procedure for HS. While the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser continues to be preferred for laser hair removal (LHR), recent evidence highlights the effectiveness of Alexandrite lasers. Minimally invasive approaches such as cryoinsufflation and intralesional photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be helpful for patients reluctant to undergo more invasive surgical procedures. Summary In-office procedures are integral to managing HS in conjunction with medical therapies. These procedures enable a personalized approach to addressing the chronic and challenging nature of HS and improving quality of life.
Quantum characterization of superconducting photon counters
Creators: name: Brida, Giorgio
name: Ciavarella, Luigi
name: Degiovanni, Ivo P.
name: Genovese, Marco
name: Lolli, Lapo
name: Mingolla, Maria G.
name: Piacentini, Fabrizio
name: Rajteri, Mauro
name: Taralli, Emanuele
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the quantum characterization of photon counters based on transition-edge sensors (TESs) and present the first experimental tomography of the positive operator-valued measure (POVM) of a TES. We provide the reliable tomographic reconstruction of the POVM elements up to 11 detected photons and M=100 incoming photons, demonstrating that it is a linear detector.
description: 3 figures, NJP (to appear)
Impact of Parvovirus B19 viraemia in Liver Transplanted Children on Anemia: a Retrospective Study
Creators: name: Würdinger, Michael
name: Modrow, Susanne
name: Plentz, Annelie
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: parvovirus B19; children; pediatric; transplantation; anemia
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Acute parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection in immunocompromised patients may lead to severe anemia. However, in adult transplant recipients, B19V reactivations without anemia and low-level viremia are common. The impact of B19V in pediatric transplant patients, with high risk of primary infection, is investigated here. In a six-month period, 159 blood samples of 54 pediatric liver transplant recipients were tested for B19V DNA by quantitative real-time PCR. Viremia was correlated with anemia and immunosuppression and compared with rates in adult transplant recipients. B19V DNA was detected in 5/54 patients. Primary B19V infections were observed in four patients prior to and in one patient after transplantation. Rates of viremia were significantly higher in pediatric recipients than in adults. Prolonged virus shedding after primary infection prior to transplantation accounts for most viremic cases. Anemia was significantly more frequent in samples from viremic patients, but remained mild. In 15% of anemic samples, B19V DNA was detected. Therefore, in anemic pediatric transplant recipients, diagnostics for B19V seem reasonable.
Single Crystal X-ray Structure Analyses of Thallides: Halide Incorporation and Mixed Alkali Sites in A8Tl11X (A = K, Rb, Cs; X = Cl, Br)
Creators: name: Gärtner, Stefanie
name: Tiefenthaler, Susanne
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: thallides; X-ray structure analysis; intermetallics
subject: 540 Chemie

description: A8Tl11 (A = alkali metal) compounds have been known since the investigations of Corbett et al. in 1995 and still are matter of current discussions as the compound includes one extra electron referred to the charge of the Tl117− cluster. Attempts to substitute the charge by incorporation of a halide atom succeeded for the lightest homologue of the group, Cs8Ga11Cl, and powder diffraction experiments for the heavier homologues also suggested the formation of analogous compounds. However, X-ray single crystal studies on A8Tl11X to prove this substitution and to provide a deeper insight into the influence on the thallide substructure have not yet been performed, probably due to severe absorption combined with air and moisture sensitivity for this class of compounds. In our contribution we present single crystal X-ray analyses of the new compounds Cs8Tl11Cl0.8, Cs8Tl11Br0.9 and Cs5Rb3Tl11Cl0.5. It is shown that a (partial) incorporation of halide can also be indirectly determined by examination of the Tl-Tl distances for low resolved data sets, e.g., for Cs5.7K2.3Tl11Cl?. Mixed occupied sites by two different alkali metals indicate a dependence on the cesium content, the systems K/Rb–Tl–Br and K/Rb–Tl–Cl only gave rise to the formation of the higher reduced (K/Rb)8Tl11 and the less reduced by-product (K/Rb)15Tl27. We have not been able to prove the formation of halide including thallides in the absence of cesium.
Photo-Ni dual catalytic C(sp2)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling Reactions with Mesoporous Graphitic -Carbon Nitride as Heterogenous Organic Semiconductor Photocatalyst
Creators: name: Khamrai, Jagadish
name: Ghosh, Indrajit
name: Savateev, Aleksandr
name: Antonietti, Markus
name: König, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross coupling; heterogeneous photocatalyst; nickel catalysis; dual catalysis; single electron transmetallation
subject: 540 Chemie

description: The synergistic combination of a heterogeneous organic semiconductor mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-CN) and a homogeneous nickel catalyst with visible light irradiation at room temperature affords the C(sp2)‒C(sp3) cross coupling of aryl halides and potassium alkyl trifluoroborates by single electron transmetallation. Like the homogeneously catalysed protocol, the reaction is compatible with a variety of functional groups including electron donating and electron withdrawing aryl and heteroaryl moieties. Moreover, this protocol allows the installation of allyl groups enlarging the scope of the method. The heterogeneous mpg-CN photocatalyst is easily recovered from the reaction mixture and for several times reused paving the way for larger scale industrial applications of this type of photocatalytic bond forming reactions.
An iterative construction of irreducible polynomials reducible modulo every prime
Creators: name: Jones, Rafe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37P15, 11R09

description: We give a method of constructing polynomials of arbitrarily large degree irreducible over a global field F but reducible modulo every prime of F. The method consists of finding quadratic f in F[x] whose iterates have the desired property, and it depends on new criteria ensuring all iterates of f are irreducible. In particular when F is a number field in which the ideal (2) is not a square, we construct infinitely many families of quadratic f such that every iterate f^n is irreducible over F, but f^n is reducible modulo all primes of F for n at least 2. We also give an example for each n of a quadratic f with integer coefficients whose iterates are all irreducible over the rationals, whose (n-1)st iterate is irreducible modulo some primes, and whose nth iterate is reducible modulo all primes. From the perspective of Galois theory, this suggests that a well-known rigidity phenomenon for linear Galois representations does not exist for Galois representations obtained by polynomial iteration. Finally, we study the number of primes P for which a given quadratic f defined over a global field has f^n irreducible modulo P for all n.
description: 19 pages. Section 4 contains the construction of the examples mentioned in the abstract. Version 4 includes final revisions to the manuscript
Neighbor Oblivious and Finite-State Algorithms for Circumventing Local Minima in Geographic Forwarding
Creators: name: Ramachandran, Santosh
name: Singh, Chandramani
name: Anand, S. V. R.
name: Hegde, Malati
name: Kumar, Anurag
name: Sundaresan, Rajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose distributed link reversal algorithms to circumvent communication voids in geographic routing. We also solve the attendant problem of integer overflow in these algorithms. These are achieved in two steps. First, we derive partial and full link reversal algorithms that do not require one-hop neighbor information, and convert a destination-disoriented directed acyclic graph (DAG) to a destination-oriented DAG. We embed these algorithms in the framework of Gafni and Bertsekas ("Distributed algorithms for generating loop-free routes in networks with frequently changing topology", 1981) in order to establish their termination properties. We also analyze certain key properties exhibited by our neighbor oblivious link reversal algorithms, e.g., for any two neighbors, their t-states are always consecutive integers, and for any node, its t-state size is upper bounded by log(N). In the second step, we resolve the integer overflow problem by analytically deriving one-bit full link reversal and two-bit partial link reversal versions of our neighbor oblivious link reversal algorithms.
description: 9 pages; "Neighbor oblivious link reversal over duty-cycled WSNs"
A Penrose polynomial for embedded graphs
Creators: name: Ellis-Monaghan, Joanna A.
name: Moffatt, Iain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We extend the Penrose polynomial, originally defined only for plane graphs, to graphs embedded in arbitrary surfaces. Considering this Penrose polynomial of embedded graphs leads to new identities and relations for the Penrose polynomial which can not be realized within the class of plane graphs. In particular, by exploiting connections with the transition polynomial and the ribbon group action, we find a deletion-contraction-type relation for the Penrose polynomial. We relate the Penrose polynomial of an orientable checkerboard colourable graph to the circuit partition polynomial of its medial graph and use this to find new combinatorial interpretations of the Penrose polynomial. We also show that the Penrose polynomial of a plane graph G can be expressed as a sum of chromatic polynomials of twisted duals of G. This allows us to obtain a new reformulation of the Four Colour Theorem.
Magnetic Gel Composites for Hyperthermia Cancer Therapy
Creators: name: Häring, Marleen
name: Schiller, Jana
name: Mayr, Judith
name: Diaz Diaz, David
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: hydrogel; composites; magnetic nanoparticles; hyperthermia; cancer therapy; drug delivery
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Hyperthermia therapy is a medical treatment based on the exposition of body tissue to slightly higher temperatures than physiological (i.e., between 41 and 46 °C) to damage and kill cancer cells or to make them more susceptible to the effects of radiation and anti-cancer drugs. Among several methods suitable for heating tumor areas, magnetic hyperthermia involves the introduction of magnetic micro/nanoparticles into the tumor tissue, followed by the application of an external magnetic field at fixed frequency and amplitude. A very interesting approach for magnetic hyperthermia is the use of biocompatible thermo-responsive magnetic gels made by the incorporation of the magnetic particles into cross-linked polymer gels. Mainly because of the hysteresis loss from the magnetic particles subjected to a magnetic field, the temperature of the system goes up and, once the temperature crosses the lower critical solution temperature, thermo-responsive gels undergo large volume changes and may deliver anti-cancer drug molecules that have been previously entrapped in their networks. This tutorial review describes the main properties and formulations of magnetic gel composites conceived for magnetic hyperthermia therapy.
On the Race for More Stretchable and Tough Hydrogels
Creators: name: Grijalvo, Santiago
name: Eritja, Ramon
name: Diaz Diaz, David
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: composite hydrogels; double cross-linking hydrogels; hydrogen bonds; hydrophobic association; self-healing; stretchability; synthetic polymers; toughness
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Hydrogels are tridimensional networks that are able to retain important amounts of water. These soft materials can be obtained through self-assembling processes involving either hydrophilic molecules or polymers, allowing the formation of the corresponding covalently and physically cross-linked networks. Although the applicability of hydrogels in biomedicine has been exponentially growing due to their biocompatibility and different responses to stimuli, these materials have exhibited the particular feature of poor mechanical strength, and consequently, are brittle materials with low deformation. Due to this reason, a race has started to obtain more stretchable and tough hydrogels through different approaches. Within this context, this review article describes the most representative strategies and examples involving synthetic polymers with potential for biomedical applications.
On the existence of loss-tolerant quantum oblivious transfer protocols
Creators: name: Sikora, Jamie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oblivious transfer is the cryptographic primitive where Alice sends one of two bits to Bob but is oblivious to the bit received. Using quantum communication, we can build oblivious transfer protocols with security provably better than any protocol built using classical communication. However, with imperfect apparatus one needs to consider other attacks. In this paper we present an oblivious transfer protocol which is impervious to lost messages.
description: 11 pages. Version 2 has improved presentation. Comments welcome
Community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi along an altitudinal gradient
Creators: name: Egan, Cameron Patrick
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: A fundamental goal in ecology is to examine diversity patterns of naturally occurring communities and link these patterns to underlying structuring processes. Despite the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in natural ecosystems, the majority of studies to date have focused on community structure in a restricted set of systems (mainly temperate grasslands, old fields, and agricultural ecosystems). This is highly limiting because it is well known that the functioning of mycorrhizal symbioses can be influenced by biotic and abiotic environmental factors, and thus our understanding of how mycorrhizas are structured and function across a wide variety of habitats is limited. Furthermore, with recent advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, it is timely to begin a more thorough investigation of AM fungi across a wide variety of habitat types. The objectives of this thesis were to determine whether (1) modern NGS techniques accurately depict AM fungal communities using mock communities, (2) environmental filtering along an elevation gradient influences the phylogenetic structure of AM fungal communities in the soil, (3) habitat filtering or plant host selection is a stronger determinant of AM fungal communities along an elevation gradient, and (4) aerial dispersal of AM fungal spores varies among a wider variety of North American habitat types. Examination of sequences generated from mock AM fungal communities revealed that taxonomic assignment of sequences within AM fungal families closely matched expected abundances, but accuracy decreased at lower taxonomic levels. However, analyses revealed that semi-quantitative metrics of sequence data still accurately inform on ecological patterns. Along elevation gradients AM fungal communities were observed to be more phylogenetically related than is expected by chance within all elevations sampled. In addition, AM fungal communities sampled from three co-occurring plant hosts revealed that communities are more strongly influenced by elevation sampled than host identity. Aerial dispersal also appears to be influenced by habitat type, where the highest proportion AM fungal spores in the air relative to in the soil was highest in more arid systems. Collectively, these studies indicate that local environmental conditions strongly influence assembly processes of AM fungal communities.
Fast Causal Discovery by Approximate Kernel-based Generalized Score Functions with Linear Computational Complexity
Creators: name: Ren, Yixin
name: Zhang, Haocheng
name: Xia, Yewei
name: Zhang, Hao
name: Guan, Jihong
name: Zhou, Shuigeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Score-based causal discovery methods can effectively identify causal relationships by evaluating candidate graphs and selecting the one with the highest score. One popular class of scores is kernel-based generalized score functions, which can adapt to a wide range of scenarios and work well in practice because they circumvent assumptions about causal mechanisms and data distributions. Despite these advantages, kernel-based generalized score functions pose serious computational challenges in time and space, with a time complexity of $\mathcal{O}(n^3)$ and a memory complexity of $\mathcal{O}(n^2)$, where $n$ is the sample size. In this paper, we propose an approximate kernel-based generalized score function with $\mathcal{O}(n)$ time and space complexities by using low-rank technique and designing a set of rules to handle the complex composite matrix operations required to calculate the score, as well as developing sampling algorithms for different data types to benefit the handling of diverse data types efficiently. Our extensive causal discovery experiments on both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate that compared to the state-of-the-art method, our method can not only significantly reduce computational costs, but also achieve comparable accuracy, especially for large datasets.
Functional characterization of rare RAB12 variants and their role in musician’s and other dystonias
Creators: name: Hebert, E.
name: Borngräber, F.
name: Schmidt, Alexander
name: Größer, Leopold
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: musician’s dystonia; RAB12; GTPase; Transferrin receptor; lysosomal degradation
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Mutations in RAB (member of the Ras superfamily) genes are increasingly recognized as cause of a variety of disorders including neurological conditions. While musician’s dystonia (MD) and writer’s dystonia (WD) are task-specific movement disorders, other dystonias persistently affect postures as in cervical dystonia. Little is known about the underlying etiology. Next-generation sequencing revealed a rare missense variant (c.586A>G; p.Ile196Val) in RAB12 in two of three MD/WD families. Next, we tested 916 additional dystonia patients; 512 Parkinson’s disease patients; and 461 healthy controls for RAB12 variants and identified 10 additional carriers of rare missense changes among dystonia patients (1.1%) but only one carrier in non-dystonic individuals (0.1%; p = 0.005). The detected variants among index patients comprised p.Ile196Val (n = 6); p.Ala174Thr (n = 3); p.Gly13Asp; p.Ala148Thr; and p.Arg181Gln in patients with MD; cervical dystonia; or WD. Two relatives of MD patients with WD also carried p.Ile196Val. The two variants identified in MD patients (p.Ile196Val; p.Gly13Asp) were characterized on endogenous levels in patient-derived fibroblasts and in two RAB12-overexpressing cell models. The ability to hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP), so called GTPase activity, was increased in mutants compared to wildtype. Furthermore, subcellular distribution of RAB12 in mutants was altered in fibroblasts. Soluble Transferrin receptor 1 levels were reduced in the blood of all three tested p.Ile196Val carriers. In conclusion, we demonstrate an enrichment of missense changes among dystonia patients. Functional characterization revealed altered enzyme activity and lysosomal distribution in mutants suggesting a contribution of RAB12 variants to MD and other dystonias.
Cross-layer performance analysis of resource allocation mechanisms in emerging wireless networks
Creators: name: Alorainy, Abdulaziz
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Due to rapidly increasing contribution of information and communication technology (ICT) industry to global energy consumption and increasing popularity of wireless communications, it is essential to further improve energy efficiency, cellular coverage, and network capacity of emerging wireless networks. Moreover, these improvements must be achieved in a cost-efficient manner. Various solutions are being considered to address these issues and some of these solutions have already been deployed. Examples of these solutions include small cell networks (SCNs), cell sleeping, and carrier aggregation (CA). Different services transmitted over wireless networks have different quality of service (QoS) requirements in terms of delay constraint and packet loss probability (PLP). In order to maintain these QoS requirements, resource allocation mechanisms of radio resources such as power and bandwidth play an important role. More importantly, analytical models, which enable the system designer to compare data link layer QoS performance measures of different resource allocation mechanisms and to determine various design parameters, are highly desirable. In this thesis, we mainly focus on development of analytical models via cross-layer design approach. In particular, we develop queuing analytical models that capture various aspects of emerging wireless networks. These models assist the system designer to gauge data link layer QoS performance measures beforehand for various operating and system parameters. As such QoS requirements of user equipments (UEs) can be ensured by tuning/selecting design parameters.
title: Applying Generative AI to Software Engineering: Navigating the Ethical and Educational Landscape of Generative AI
Creators: name: Robert, John
name: Schmidt, Douglas
Publisher: name: Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023

description: This post from the Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute by John Robert and Douglas C. Schmidt explores the application of generative AI in software engineering with an emphasis on the ethical and educational landscapes.
Inhibition of MELK Protooncogene as an Innovative Treatment for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Creators: name: Cigliano, Antonio
name: Pilo, M. G.
name: Mela, M.
name: Evert, Matthias
name: Calvisi, Diego F.
name: Utpatel, Kirsten
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; MELK; FOXM1; EZH2; targeted therapies
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background and Objectives: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a pernicious tumor characterized by a dismal outcome and scarce therapeutic options. To substantially improve the prognosis of iCCA patients, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for development and progression of this disease is imperative. In the present study, we aimed at elucidating the role of the maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) protooncogene in iCCA. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the expression of MELK and two putative targets, Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) and Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), in a collection of human iCCA by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effects on iCCA growth of both the multi-kinase inhibitor OTSSP167 and specific small-interfering RNA (siRNA) against MELK were investigated in iCCA cell lines. Results: Expression of MELK was significantly higher in tumors than in corresponding non-neoplastic liver counterparts, with highest levels of MELK being associated with patients’ shorter survival length. In vitro, OTSSP167 suppressed the growth of iCCA cell lines in a dose-dependent manner by reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis. These effects were amplified when OTSSP167 administration was coupled to the DNA-damaging agent doxorubicin. Similar results, but less remarkable, were obtained when MELK was silenced by specific siRNA in the same cells. At the molecular level, siRNA against MELK triggered downregulation of MELK and its targets. Finally, we found that MELK is a downstream target of the E2F1 transcription factor. Conclusion: Our results indicate that MELK is ubiquitously overexpressed in iCCA, where it may represent a prognostic indicator and a therapeutic target. In particular, the combination of OTSSP167 (or other, more specific MELK inhibitors) with DNA-damaging agents might be a potentially effective therapy for human iCCA.
title: "Ermafrodito addormentato", arte romana, inv. CLXXII (ITA/EN)
title: Scheda catalogo digitale Borghese
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ciccarello, Giulia
name: Felici, Sonja
name: Galleria Borghese
Publisher: name: Galleria Borghese
Year: 2024

description: Pubblicazione delle schede delle opere conservate nel museo ed estratte dal catalogo digitale di

Galleria Borghese, nelle due versioni esistenti online, in italiano e inglese.

Collegamento al catalogo digitale:

ITA: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/

EN: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/en
Co-regulation of proteins identified in human thyroid cells cultivated under simulated microgravity
Creators: name: Bauer, Jessica
name: Riwaldt, Stephan
name: Bauer, Johann
name: Grosse, Jirka
name: Eilles, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: thyroid cancer cell line FTC-133; thyroid cancer cell line CGTH W-1; normal thyrocyte cells HTU-5; Random Positioning Machine (RPM); STRING network analysis
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Influence of gravity forces on the regulation of protein expression by healthy and malignant thyroid cells was studied with the aim to identify protein interactions. Western blot analyses of a limited number of proteins suggested a time-dependent regulation of protein expression by simulated microgravity. After applying free flow isoelectric focusing and mass spectrometry to search for differently expressed proteins by thyroid cells exposed to simulated microgravity for three days, a considerable number of candidates for gravi-sensitive proteins were detected. In order to show how proteins sensitive to microgravity could directly influence other proteins, we investigated all polypeptide chains identified with Mascot scores above 100, looking for groups of interacting proteins. Hence, UniProtKB entry numbers of all detected proteins were entered into the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and processed. The program indicated that we had detected various groups of interacting proteins in each of the three cell lines studied. The major groups of interacting proteins play a role in pathways of carbohydrate and protein metabolism, regulation of cell growth and cell membrane structuring. Analyzing these groups, networks of interaction could be established which show how a punctual influence of simulated microgravity may propagate via various members of interaction chains.
Special Issue: Single Molecule Techniques
Creators: name: Gorris, Hans H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: atomic force microscopy (AFM); conformational dynamics; dynamic/static heterogeneity; Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET); fluorescence spectroscopy; single molecules; super-resolution microscopy
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Technological advances in the detection and manipulation of single molecules have enabled new insights into the function, structure and interactions of biomolecules. This Special Issue was launched to account for the rapid progress in the field of “Single Molecule Techniques”. Four original research articles and seven review articles provide an introduction, as well as an in-depth discussion, of technical developments that are indispensable for the characterization of individual biomolecules. Fluorescence microscopy takes center stage in this Special Issue because it is one of the most sensitive and flexible techniques, which has been adapted in many variations to the specific demands of single molecule analysis. Two additional articles are dedicated to single molecule detection based on atomic force microscopy.
description: Editorial
The Separation Principle in Stochastic Control, Redux
Creators: name: Georgiou, Tryphon T.
name: Lindquist, Anders
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 93E20

description: Over the last 50 years a steady stream of accounts have been written on the separation principle of stochastic control. Even in the context of the linear-quadratic regulator in continuous time with Gaussian white noise, subtle difficulties arise, unexpected by many, that are often overlooked. In this paper we propose a new framework for establishing the separation principle. This approach takes the viewpoint that stochastic systems are well-defined maps between sample paths rather than stochastic processes per se and allows us to extend the separation principle to systems driven by martingales with possible jumps. While the approach is more in line with "real-life" engineering thinking where signals travel around the feedback loop, it is unconventional from a probabilistic point of view in that control laws for which the feedback equations are satisfied almost surely, and not deterministically for every sample path, are excluded.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures, 2nd revision: added references, corrections
title: Epidemiologia de la poliquistosis renal autosómica dominante en el área sanitaria de Granada: valor del diagnóstico genético preimplantacional en prevención primaria
title: Epidemiología de la PQRAD
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Esteban-de-la-Rosa, Rafael-José
name: Morales-García, Ana-Isabel
name: Bravo-Soto, Juan-Antonio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: La Poliquistosis Renal Autosómica Dominante (PQRAD) es la enfermedad renal heredi- taria que con mayor frecuencia ocasiona fallo renal. Por una parte, desconocemos su magnitud y dis- tribución fuera del ámbito del tratamiento renal sustitutivo (TRS). Por otra, no disponemos de tratamiento curativo y la diálisis o el trasplante se emplean cuando son necesarios, y suponen un elevado gasto sa- nitario. Sin embargo, podemos actuar evitando su transmisión mediante técnicas de reproducción hu- mana asistida (RHA) como el diagnóstico genético preimplantacional (DGP).
En este trabajo se presenta información sobre la situación global de la PQRAD en el ámbito de Granada, y se comparan el coste del paciente con PQRAD que precisa TRS frente al coste de impedir la transmisión de la enfermedad a la descendencia mediante DGP.
Probing the surface states in Bi2Se3 using the Shubnikov-de Haas effect
Creators: name: Petrushevsky, M.
name: Lahoud, E.
name: Ron, A.
name: Maniv, E.
name: Diamant, I.
name: Neder, I.
name: Wiedmann, S.
name: Guduru, V. K.
name: Chiappini, F.
name: Zeitler, U.
name: Maan, J. C.
name: Chashka, K.
name: Kanigel, A.
name: Dagan, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations are observed in Bi2Se3 flakes with high carrier concentration and low bulk mobility. These oscillations probe the protected surface states and enable us to extract their carrier concentration, effective mass and Dingle temperature. The Fermi momentum obtained is in agreement with angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements performed on crystals from the same batch. We study the behavior of the Berry phase as a function of magnetic field. The standard theoretical considerations fail to explain the observed behavior.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures. Accepted to Physical Review B