cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A new type of photoionized code required for the new era of X-ray spectroscopy
Creators: name: Collin, Suzy
name: Dumont, Anne-Marie
name: Godet, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of the present and future spatial X-ray missions, it becomes crucial to model correctly the line spectrum of X-ray emitting media. We have built a photoionization code, Titan, solving the transfer of a thousand lines and of the continuum with the "Accelerated Lambda Iteration" method, which is most reliable for line transfer. In all other photoionization codes the line intensities are computed with the so-called "escape probability formalism", used in its simplest approximation. In a previous paper (Dumont et al. 2003), it was shown that this approximation leads to errors which can exceed one order of magnitude in the case a Thomson thickness of the order of unity. We show here that it also happens in the case of a Thomson thickness of 0.001 to 0.1. The errors on the line fluxes and line ratios are of the order of 30% for a column density of 10^{20} cm^{-2}, and a factor five for a column density of 10^{23} cm^{-2}, in conditions appropriate for Seyfert 2 and for the Warm Absorber of Seyfert 1.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures. accepted by A&A
Research co-design in Protected Areas for nature conservation: the ECOPOTENTIAL experience
Creators: name: MARIASILVIA GIAMBERINI
name: ANTONELLO PROVENZALE
name: CARMELA MARANGI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: ECOPOTENTIAL
protected areas
stakeholders
co-design

description: This presentation describes the final conclusions of the ECOPOTENTIAL project regarding the involvement of protected area stakeholders in defining and conducting research activities alongside the researchers, illustrating strengths and weaknesses, as results from a questionnaire submitted to protected area managers. It has been presented at the EUROGEOSS workshop in Lisbon, July 2019.
Impact of copper oxide particle dissolution on lung epithelial cell toxicity: response characterization using global transcriptional analysis
Creators: name: Boyadzhiev, Andrey
name: Mary-Luyza Avramescu
name: Dongmei Wu
name: Williams, Andrew
name: Rasmussen, Pat
name: Halappanavar, Sabina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: The in vitro and in vivo toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) is attributed to both particle and dissolved copper ion species. However, a clear understanding of (1) the specific cellular responses that are modulated by the two species and (2) the temporal dynamics in toxicity, as the proportional amount of particulate and ionic forms change over time, is lacking. In the current study, in vitro responses to microparticulate CuO (CuO MPs), CuO NPs, and dissolved Cu2+ were characterized in order to elucidate particle and ion-induced kinetic effects. Particle dissolution experiments were carried out in a relevant cell culture medium, using CuO NPs and MPs. Mouse lung epithelial cells were exposed for 2–48 h with 1–25 µg/mL CuO MPs, CuO NPs, or 7 and 54 µg/mL CuCl2. Cellular viability and genome-wide transcriptional responses were assessed. Dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity were observed in CuO NP exposed cells, which was delayed and subtle in CuCl2 and not observed in CuO MPs treated cells. Analyses of differentially expressed genes and associated pathway perturbations showed that dissolved ions released by CuO NPs in the extracellular medium are insufficient to account for the observed potency and cytotoxicity. Further organization of gene expression results in an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework revealed a series of key events potentially involved in CuO NPs toxicity. The AOP is applicable to toxicity induced by metal oxide nanoparticles of varying solubility, and thus, can facilitate the development of in vitro alternative strategies to screen their toxicity.
Monopoles, Antimonopoles and Vortex Rings
Creators: name: Kleihaus, B.
name: Kunz, J.
name: Shnir, Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new class of static axially symmetric solutions of SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs theory, where the Higgs field vanishes on rings centered around the symmetry axis. Associating a magnetic dipole moment with each Higgs vortex ring, the dipole moments add for solutions in the trivial topological sector, whereas they cancel for magnetically charged solutions.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Analysis of Regional Development Convergence at Sub-National Level. The Case of Hungary
Creators: name: Bakucs, Z.
name: Ferto, I.
name: Bakucs, Z.
name: Ferto, I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The enlargement of the European Union (EU) led to an increase in regional development differences, challenging the EU structural policy. Whilst there are a wealth of papers discussing international and across EU development convergence, the issue seems under-researched at national level, especially when smaller territorial units are considered. This paper aims to partially fill this gap, by using low aggregation (Local Administrative Unit 1, LAU1) territorial data between 2002 and 2013 - a period that comprises Hungary s EU accession and also the years of the recent global financial crisis. We employ a novel approach to circumvent the lack of income, productivity or competitiveness data at LAU1 level by deriving two Regional Development Indices (RDI) resting on the estimation of an internal migration functions. Once the RDIs are estimated, we proceed to a test sigma, beta and unit root convergence. Further, we assess the probabilities of LAU1 region specific RDIs of changing their positions within distributional quartiles. Results regional divergence and low mobility of regions with rather bleak consequences for Hungarian and indeed European cohesion aims. Acknowledgement : Zoltan Bakucs greatfully acknowledges support from National Research, Development and Innovation Office (OTKA Project no. K 120080, "Impact of Rural Development Policy in Hungary. A Complex View").
Deciding to stay home in the 1990s: A study of professionally-trained women who choose to be full-time mothers
Creators: name: Howe, Harriet
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This qualitative study adds insights and knowledge about the motivations and experience of professional women who choose, against current trends, to stay home and mother their children full-time in the 1990s. The self-selected purposive sample was composed of sixty middle-class full-time mothers who had been professionals in the Washington, D.C. area. The in-home interviews, ranging from sixty to ninety minutes, were transcribed, processed and analyzed in a rigorous comparative process. Results generated were reported under the headings of: the choice to stay home; examination of the decision-making experience and process; influences on the choice including background, religion and feminism; attitudes toward their children, working mothers, caregivers, former profession, domestic work, and husbands; image, both social and personal; support, including organizational and interpersonal; and strategies, including parent training, volunteering and scheduling. Major findings include: participants' primary motivation for staying home was an intense and surprising personal sense that only they could mother their own children. This strong feeling is undergirded by a concern for the social deterioration of society as perceived by the participants. Uniquely, all the husbands were good partners and fathers; supportive of wife's decision to stay home and respectful of her decision. The patriarchal model has been replaced by a new type of nuclear family for professional couples: father at work, mother at home with children based on an egalitarian partnership of mutual respect. In a clear image clarification, professional women at home describe themselves as "mothers at home." "Housewife" is rejected as meaningless and archaic. There is a significant grass roots growth of specific organizational support for mothers at home. There are distinct dividends to the community from professionally-trained mothers at home participating in volunteer work and informal support to others.
Who has the critical vote? Power ranking of MEPs in the Agricultural Committee of the European Parliament
Creators: name: Kovacs, A.
name: Ferto, I.
name: Koczy, L.
name: Sziklai, B.
name: Nas, A.A.
name: Kovacs, A.
name: Ferto, I.
name: Koczy, L.
name: Sziklai, B.
name: Nas, A.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: We analyze the voting power of the members of the agricultural committee of the European Parliament using a spatial Banzhaf power index. Using a novel dataset of roll-call votes in the current EP-term, we identify critical members whose votes are necessary to form winning coalitions. We found that committee members with formal positions, EP group coordinators as well as German, French, Italian and British members are powerful actors. Nevertheless, rapporteurs are not necessarily influential. We also concluded that members with moderate ideological position but from Member States with extreme agricultural importance are the most powerful ones. Acknowledgement :
Deciding to stay home in the 1990s: A study of professionally-trained women who choose to be full-time mothers
Creators: name: Howe, Harriet
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4405
subject: Gender studies
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This qualitative study adds insights and knowledge about the motivations and experience of professional women who choose, against current trends, to stay home and mother their children full-time in the 1990s. The self-selected purposive sample was composed of sixty middle-class full-time mothers who had been professionals in the Washington, D.C. area. The in-home interviews, ranging from sixty to ninety minutes, were transcribed, processed and analyzed in a rigorous comparative process. Results generated were reported under the headings of: the choice to stay home; examination of the decision-making experience and process; influences on the choice including background, religion and feminism; attitudes toward their children, working mothers, caregivers, former profession, domestic work, and husbands; image, both social and personal; support, including organizational and interpersonal; and strategies, including parent training, volunteering and scheduling. Major findings include: participants' primary motivation for staying home was an intense and surprising personal sense that only they could mother their own children. This strong feeling is undergirded by a concern for the social deterioration of society as perceived by the participants. Uniquely, all the husbands were good partners and fathers; supportive of wife's decision to stay home and respectful of her decision. The patriarchal model has been replaced by a new type of nuclear family for professional couples: father at work, mother at home with children based on an egalitarian partnership of mutual respect. In a clear image clarification, professional women at home describe themselves as "mothers at home." "Housewife" is rejected as meaningless and archaic. There is a significant grass roots growth of specific organizational support for mothers at home. There are distinct dividends to the community from professionally-trained mothers at home participating in volunteer work and informal support to others.
The theoretical and empirical viability of measuring the value of resource depletion in the national income and product accounts: The case of oil and gas in the United States
Creators: name: Slaper, Timothy Frederick
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Natural resources enter the economy as inputs into production in the same way that the service of fixed capital enter the economy. The wear and tear on the nation's capital stock is estimated in the economic accounts as the consumption of fixed capital. Currently, the measure for consumption of fixed capital, commonly called depreciation, does not include the wear and tear on the environment. The value of the depletion charge for mineral resources must be derived in a manner that is consistent with economic theory and national income accounting concepts. This dissertation addresses the issues of incorporating exhaustible natural resources, specifically oil and gas, as a form of fixed, reproducible capital in the NIPA's. This dissertation develops a set of decision criteria for the selection of the theoretical valuation model and proposes an alternative natural resource model to replace the Hotelling model for preeminence in the valuation of natural resources in the national accounts. Eight resource valuation methods are used to produce estimates for the value of depletion and the value of the resource stocks of petroleum natural gas for 1947-1991. The empirical results of the valuation methods differ greatly. The method selected for valuation, therefore, matters greatly. The marginal replacement cost is recommended as the most theoretically and empirically sound method to value the depletion and stock of mineral resources. The simple question of how to measure the wear and tear on the environment in the NIPA's is answered simply: by the cost to replace what has undegone the wear and tear. Oil and gas, the nation's largest exhaustible resource, are used as the test case for an empirical model of the depreciation of natural capital. While economics of oil and gas production are unique, the conceptual framework developed here serves as a point of departure for the valuation of other exhaustible resources and environmental assets.
Aligning enforcement and governance mechanisms to protect and govern food products with a protected designation of origin
Creators: name: Van Der Merwe, M.
name: Kirsten, J.
name: Trienekens, J.
name: Van Der Merwe, M.
name: Kirsten, J.
name: Trienekens, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The quest for appropriate governance and enforcement mechanisms in niche food products with a protected designation of origin is increasingly receiving attention as more and more food products are differentiated based on their regional identity and reputation. The general consensus is that if public certification bodies adequately instil consumer confidence in these products, then market like mechanisms will be the most effective governance mode. However, if public certification bodies are insufficient, market like mechanisms seize to be effective, and alternative modes are required to protect the interests of consumers adequately. This paper therefore aims to make an empirical contribution by investigating the enforcement and governance mechanisms required to protect and govern a regional food product when public certification fails. As one of the recent additions to South Africa s repertoire of products with a designated origin, Karoo Lamb made for an interesting case study. This investigation is based on survey data and a conjoint experiment among 73 farmers, five abattoirs, two processors/packers and five retail outlets. The results indicate that, due to its failed public certification body, Karoo Lamb is better off being governed by a hierarchical arrangement which allows for a stronger focus on continuous monitoring, and private enforcement mechanisms. Acknowledgement : The Red Meat Research and Development SA and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for their financial support.
The theoretical and empirical viability of measuring the value of resource depletion in the national income and product accounts: The case of oil and gas in the United States
Creators: name: Slaper, Timothy Frederick
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: Natural resources enter the economy as inputs into production in the same way that the service of fixed capital enter the economy. The wear and tear on the nation's capital stock is estimated in the economic accounts as the consumption of fixed capital. Currently, the measure for consumption of fixed capital, commonly called depreciation, does not include the wear and tear on the environment. The value of the depletion charge for mineral resources must be derived in a manner that is consistent with economic theory and national income accounting concepts. This dissertation addresses the issues of incorporating exhaustible natural resources, specifically oil and gas, as a form of fixed, reproducible capital in the NIPA's. This dissertation develops a set of decision criteria for the selection of the theoretical valuation model and proposes an alternative natural resource model to replace the Hotelling model for preeminence in the valuation of natural resources in the national accounts. Eight resource valuation methods are used to produce estimates for the value of depletion and the value of the resource stocks of petroleum natural gas for 1947-1991. The empirical results of the valuation methods differ greatly. The method selected for valuation, therefore, matters greatly. The marginal replacement cost is recommended as the most theoretically and empirically sound method to value the depletion and stock of mineral resources. The simple question of how to measure the wear and tear on the environment in the NIPA's is answered simply: by the cost to replace what has undegone the wear and tear. Oil and gas, the nation's largest exhaustible resource, are used as the test case for an empirical model of the depreciation of natural capital. While economics of oil and gas production are unique, the conceptual framework developed here serves as a point of departure for the valuation of other exhaustible resources and environmental assets.
Learning process in marketing contract choice: the case of cereals in the Paris Basin
Creators: name: Bignebat, C.
name: Bignebat, C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: In the last two decades, the institutional environment of European cereal markets remarkably evolved, faced to the deregulation of the agricultural common markets and the subsequent emergence of new forms of internal and external competition. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was implemented as a buffer protecting producers against price volatility on international commodity markets thanks to guaranteed floor prices. Since the reform of this regulation, we observe the development of various types of contracts aiming at managing risk and uncertainty for the different stakeholders in the chain. This article aims to contribute to the scarce empirical literature dealing with marketing contract choices. Drawing on a large original data base describing the transactions between cereal producers and a French cooperative over 10 years (2007-2016) in the Paris Basin, we describe the strategies of producers and conclude that inertial behaviors are a very important factor explaining marketing choices. However, determinants relative to quality and performance matter, in an increasingly competitive international context. Acknowledgement :
Global Observables at PHENIX
Creators: name: Bazilevsky, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present PHENIX recent results on charged particle and transverse energy densities measured at mid-rapidity in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$=130 GeV and 200 GeV over broad range of centralities. The mean transverse energy per charged particle is derived. The first PHENIX measurements at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$=19.6 GeV are also presented. A comparison with calculations from various theoretical models is performed.
description: Proceedings for the 19th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, Breckenridge, Colorado, March 8-15, 2003; 5 pages, 4 figures
Back to the Plough: Women Managers and Farm Productivity in India
Creators: name: Mahajan, K.
name: Mahajan, K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: In India the role of women as farm managers has been veiled behind the image of men as primary decision makers on farms. Data shows that approximately 8% of farm households had women farm managers in India in 2004 and this number increased to 11% in 2011. This rising phenomenon of farm management by women begets an in depth understanding of these farms, including, differentials in productivity levels across men and women managed farms. This paper uses three measures to capture productivity production value, profit value and crop specific yields. The results show that production value is lower by approximately 7% in women managed farms even with all controls. The difference in profitability is of the same magnitude, albeit, insignificant. There are two possible channels behind the result unobservable soil quality or differences in managerial efficiency as a result of inexperience. While we cannot test explicitly for the first channel, the paper provides suggestive evidence on the second channel using crop specific yields. This study makes two contributions to the literature one, it is the first study in the Indian context and second, it employs semi-parametric decomposition techniques to look at the productivity differentials along the entire distribution. Acknowledgement : I would like to thank Bharat Ramaswami, Bina Agarwal for useful discussions and the participants at the third CECFEE workshop held in India for their valuable comments.
Additional file 3 of Implementation interventions in preventing surgical site infections in abdominal surgery: a systematic review
Creators: name: Tomsic, Ivonne
name: Heinze, Nicole R.
name: Chaberny, Iris F.
name: Krauth, Christian
name: Schock, Bettina
name: Lengerke, Thomas Von
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3:Table S3. Quality assessment using the Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies With No Control Group by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [31]
Magnetic fluctuations and superconducting pairing in $\varepsilon$-iron
Creators: name: Belozerov, A. S.
name: Katanin, A. A.
name: Irkhin, V. Yu.
name: Anisimov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Coulomb correlation effects and their role in superconductivity of $\varepsilon$-iron under pressure from 12 to 33 GPa by using a combination of density functional and dynamical mean-field theory. Our results indicate a persistence of the Fermi-liquid behavior below the temperature $\sim$1000 K. The Coulomb correlations are found to substantially renormalize the density of states, reducing the distance from the peak to the Fermi level to 0.4 eV compared to 0.75 eV obtained in DFT calculations. We find significant antiferromagnetic correlations, which are accompanied by the formation of short-lived local magnetic moments. We use the obtained results as a starting point for construction of the multi-band Bethe-Salpeter equation, which eigenvalues indicate that antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations may result in the superconducting pairing in $\varepsilon$-Fe. Moreover, the tendency to superconducting instability becomes weaker with the increase of pressure, which may explain the disappearance of superconductivity at $\sim$30 GPa.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Fourier transform fringe-pattern analysis of an absolute distance Michelson interferometer for space-based laser metrology
Creators: name: Talamonti, James Joseph
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Future NASA proposals include the placement of optical interferometer systems in space for a wide variety of astrophysical studies including a vastly improved deflection test of general relativity, a precise and direct calibration of the Cepheid distance scale, and the determination of stellar masses (Reasenberg et al., 1988). There are also plans for placing large array telescopes on the moon with the ultimate objective of being able to measure angular separations of less than 10 $\mu$-arc seconds (Burns, 1990). These and other future projects will require interferometric measurement of the (baseline) distance between the optical elements comprising the systems. Eventually, space qualifiable interferometers capable of picometer $(10\rm\sp{-12}m)$ relative precision and nanometer $(10\rm\sp{-9}m)$ absolute precision will be required. A numerical model was developed to emulate the capabilities of systems performing interferometric noncontact absolute distance measurements. The model incorporates known methods to minimize signal processing and digital sampling errors and evaluates the accuracy limitations imposed by spectral peak isolation using Hanning, Blackman, and Gaussian windows in the Fast Fourier Transform Technique. We applied this model to the specific case of measuring the relative lengths of a compound Michelson interferometer using a frequency scanned laser. By processing computer simulated data through our model, the ultimate precision is projected for ideal data, and data containing AM/FM noise. The precision is shown to be limited by non-linearities in the laser scan. A laboratory system was developed by implementing ultra-stable external cavity diode lasers into existing interferometric measuring techniques. The capabilities of the system were evaluated and increased by using the computer modeling results as guidelines for the data analysis. Experimental results measured 1-3 meter baselines with $<$20 micron precision. Comparison of the laboratory and modeling results showed that the laboratory precisions obtained were of the same order of magnitude as those predicted for computer generated results under similar conditions. We believe that our model can be implemented as a tool in the design for new metrology systems capable of meeting the precisions required by space-based interferometers.
Investing in land to change your risk exposure? Land transactions in a landslide prone region
Creators: name: Mertens, K.
name: Vranken, L.
name: Mertens, K.
name: Vranken, L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: The poor and vulnerable tend to be increasingly exposed to natural hazards like landslides. This paper investigates the consequences of land transactions for the (un)equal distribution of exposure to landslide risk and of total land holdings in a rural area in Western Uganda. We propose and empirically test a mechanism through which land holdings and exposure to landslide risk evolves over a farmer s lifetime. A structured household survey and detailed information on land transaction as well as georeferenced information on plots was used to construct a panel dataset of land transactions. Regressions with household fixed effects were run to identify how landholdings and exposure to landslide susceptibility evolves over a farmer s lifetime. We find that farmers that are initially more exposed to landslides manage to reduce their average exposure to some extent by acquiring plots outside landslide prone areas. This goes at a cost, as farmers that are initially highly exposed acquire land more slowly than farmers that have a lower exposure on their first plot. Over a lifetime, in our case study, land transactions therefore have a somewhat levelling effect on inequality in exposure to landslide susceptibility, but increase the inequality in land ownership. Acknowledgement : This study would not have been possible without the dedicated effort of all enumerators involved in the data collection, the local chair persons and the farmers that provided us with abovementioned information. We would also like to thank the logistical support provided by the Mountains of the Moon University (MMU). The financial support was received from the AfReSlide project, BR/121/A2/AfReSlide, titled Landslides in Equatorial Africa: Identifying culturally, technically and economically feasible resilience strategies , funded by the Belgian Science Policy (BELSPO). We would also like to thank the VLIR UOS South Initiative, ZEIN2013Z145.
Fourier transform fringe-pattern analysis of an absolute distance Michelson interferometer for space-based laser metrology
Creators: name: Talamonti, James Joseph
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 5101
subject: Astronomical sciences
classificationCode: 5102
subject: Atomic, molecular and optical physics

description: Future NASA proposals include the placement of optical interferometer systems in space for a wide variety of astrophysical studies including a vastly improved deflection test of general relativity, a precise and direct calibration of the Cepheid distance scale, and the determination of stellar masses (Reasenberg et al., 1988). There are also plans for placing large array telescopes on the moon with the ultimate objective of being able to measure angular separations of less than 10 $\mu$-arc seconds (Burns, 1990). These and other future projects will require interferometric measurement of the (baseline) distance between the optical elements comprising the systems. Eventually, space qualifiable interferometers capable of picometer $(10\rm\sp{-12}m)$ relative precision and nanometer $(10\rm\sp{-9}m)$ absolute precision will be required. A numerical model was developed to emulate the capabilities of systems performing interferometric noncontact absolute distance measurements. The model incorporates known methods to minimize signal processing and digital sampling errors and evaluates the accuracy limitations imposed by spectral peak isolation using Hanning, Blackman, and Gaussian windows in the Fast Fourier Transform Technique. We applied this model to the specific case of measuring the relative lengths of a compound Michelson interferometer using a frequency scanned laser. By processing computer simulated data through our model, the ultimate precision is projected for ideal data, and data containing AM/FM noise. The precision is shown to be limited by non-linearities in the laser scan. A laboratory system was developed by implementing ultra-stable external cavity diode lasers into existing interferometric measuring techniques. The capabilities of the system were evaluated and increased by using the computer modeling results as guidelines for the data analysis. Experimental results measured 1-3 meter baselines with $<$20 micron precision. Comparison of the laboratory and modeling results showed that the laboratory precisions obtained were of the same order of magnitude as those predicted for computer generated results under similar conditions. We believe that our model can be implemented as a tool in the design for new metrology systems capable of meeting the precisions required by space-based interferometers.
Aporthotrochilia Pan & Lin & Gong & Al-Rashied & Song 2012, GEN. NOV.
Creators: name: Pan, Hongbo
name: Lin, Xiaofeng
name: Gong, Jun
name: Al-Rashied, Khaled A. S.
name: Song, Weibo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Cyrtophoria
Cyrtophorida
Hartmannulidae
Aporthotrochilia

description: GENUS: APORTHOTROCHILIA GEN. NOV.   Diagnosis: Dorsoventrally compressed Hartmannulidae with a podite; oral kineties reduced to two fragments; several kinetal fragments positioned on the right posterior of frontoventral kineties; postoral kineties strongly shortened posteriad; terminal fragments consisting of several parallel arranged fragments.
 Type species: Aporthotrochilia pulex (Deroux, 1976) comb. nov. (basionym: Trichopodiella pulex Deroux, 1976).
 Etymology: Composite of Greek prefix apo- (derived from) and the generic name Orthotrochilia; feminine gender.
 Comparison: In general, Aporthotrochilia gen. nov. resembles Orthotrochilia Song, 2003 in oral ciliature and the pattern of postoral kineties. However, the new genus can be distinguished by the presence of several extra kinetal fragments, i.e. the posterior fragments are on right posterior of frontoventral kineties and the higher number of terminal fragments (more than one vs. single) (Song, 2003).
 Compared with other closely related genera (e.g. Microxysma, Trochilioides, Chlamydonyx), Aporthotrochilia can be clearly identified by having two perioral kineties (vs. two circumoral and one preoral kineties), several terminal fragments (vs. single), and several extra kinety fragments caudally positioned on right of frontoventral kineties (vs. none) (Deroux, 1976c).
description: Published as part of Pan, Hongbo, Lin, Xiaofeng, Gong, Jun, Al-Rashied, Khaled A. S. & Song, Weibo, 2012, Taxonomy of five species of cyrtophorids (Protozoa: Ciliophora) including consideration of the phylogeny of two new genera, pp. 1-17 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00751.x, http://zenodo.org/record/4890326
In service and servitude: Foreign female domestic workers and the Malaysian modernity project
Creators: name: Chin, Christine B.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The contemporary institution of live-in domestic service that is increasingly characterized by foreign female domestic workers' (FFDWs) labour has become as important as transnational capital and markets to the Malaysian state's modernity project of building a developed society by the year 2020. The conceptual framework of this dissertation integrates analyses of the in-migration of FFDWs and the consequent political, economic, social, and normative dimensions of paid reproductive labour, with the state's relation to the employing social class. The multimethod approach of ethnographic research--i.e., archival analysis, observation, and interviews--is used to recover and generate knowledge of the manner in which domestic service has become indispensable for the construction of a developed Malaysian society. Domestic service is coopted as a key "educative" institution in the Malaysian state's "war of maneuver" to inculcate different social relations and organization that strengthen the dual objective of expanding export-oriented development and maintaining social stability in the multiethnic society. State rules governing the in-migration and employment of FFDWs objectify the material boundaries of the expanding Malaysian middle class and encourage middle class employers--regardless of ethnicity--to adopt the nuclear family form that is expected to be more dependent on the capitalist market economy rather than the community or extended family for the provision of goods and services. State control over the placement of FFDWs with middle class families, however, occurs in a context in which labour legislation fails to extend workers' rights and benefits to FFDWs. Analysis of employer-FFDW relations reveals that employer-related abuse of FFDWs results from the interplay between the Malaysian-Philippine-Indonesian maid trade that commodifies FFDWs; middle class identity construction in the domestic domain; and state manipulated negative public discourse and perception of FFDWs. In the schemata of state-encouraged Malay and non-Malay middle class pursuit of modernity via enhanced consumption of goods and services, the social construction of FFDWs as a symbol of distinction between the middle and working classes, and as commodities, then, obfuscate the truth that FFDWs are migrant women who deserve to be treated with respect and dignity, and who have a right to legal recognition and protection as workers.
In service and servitude: Foreign female domestic workers and the Malaysian modernity project
Creators: name: Chin, Christine B.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4405
subject: Gender studies
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The contemporary institution of live-in domestic service that is increasingly characterized by foreign female domestic workers' (FFDWs) labour has become as important as transnational capital and markets to the Malaysian state's modernity project of building a developed society by the year 2020. The conceptual framework of this dissertation integrates analyses of the in-migration of FFDWs and the consequent political, economic, social, and normative dimensions of paid reproductive labour, with the state's relation to the employing social class. The multimethod approach of ethnographic research--i.e., archival analysis, observation, and interviews--is used to recover and generate knowledge of the manner in which domestic service has become indispensable for the construction of a developed Malaysian society. Domestic service is coopted as a key "educative" institution in the Malaysian state's "war of maneuver" to inculcate different social relations and organization that strengthen the dual objective of expanding export-oriented development and maintaining social stability in the multiethnic society. State rules governing the in-migration and employment of FFDWs objectify the material boundaries of the expanding Malaysian middle class and encourage middle class employers--regardless of ethnicity--to adopt the nuclear family form that is expected to be more dependent on the capitalist market economy rather than the community or extended family for the provision of goods and services. State control over the placement of FFDWs with middle class families, however, occurs in a context in which labour legislation fails to extend workers' rights and benefits to FFDWs. Analysis of employer-FFDW relations reveals that employer-related abuse of FFDWs results from the interplay between the Malaysian-Philippine-Indonesian maid trade that commodifies FFDWs; middle class identity construction in the domestic domain; and state manipulated negative public discourse and perception of FFDWs. In the schemata of state-encouraged Malay and non-Malay middle class pursuit of modernity via enhanced consumption of goods and services, the social construction of FFDWs as a symbol of distinction between the middle and working classes, and as commodities, then, obfuscate the truth that FFDWs are migrant women who deserve to be treated with respect and dignity, and who have a right to legal recognition and protection as workers.
On Spin Dependence of the Fundamental Plane of Black Hole Activity
Creators: name: Unal, Caner
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fundamental Plane (FP) of Black Hole (BH) Activity in galactic nuclei relates X-ray and radio luminosities to BH mass and accretion rate. However, there is a large scatter exhibited by the data, which motivated us for a new variable. We add BH spin as a new variable and estimate the spin dependence of the jet power and disk luminosity in terms of radio and X-ray luminosities. We assume the Blandford-Znajek process as the main source of the outflow, and find that the jet power depends on BH spin stronger than quadratically at moderate and large spin values. We perform a statistical analysis for 10 AGNs which have sub-Eddington accretion rates and whose spin values are measured independently via the reflection or continuum-fitting methods, and find that the spin-dependent relation describes the data significantly better. This analysis, if supported with more data, could imply not only the spin dependence of the FP relation, but also the Blandford-Znajek process in AGN jets.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Accurate Arrangements
Creators: name: Mücksch, Paul
name: Roehrle, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F55, 51F15, 52C35, 32S22

description: Let $\mathscr A$ be a Coxeter arrangement of rank $\ell$. In 1987 Orlik, Solomon and Terao conjectured that for every $1\leq d \leq \ell$, the first $d$ exponents of $\mathscr A$ -- when listed in increasing order -- are realized as the exponents of a free restriction of $\mathscr A$ to some intersection of reflecting hyperplanes of $\mathscr A$ of dimension $d$. This conjecture does follow from rather extensive case-by-case studies by Orlik and Terao from 1992 and 1993, where they show that all restrictions of Coxeter arrangements are free. We call a general free arrangements with this natural property involving their free restrictions accurate. In this paper we initialize their systematic study. Our principal result shows that MAT-free arrangements, a notion recently introduced by Cuntz and Mücksch, are accurate. This theorem in turn directly implies this special property for all ideal subarrangements of Weyl arrangements. In particular, this gives a new, simpler and uniform proof of the aforementioned conjecture of Orlik, Solomon and Terao for Weyl arrangements which is free of any case-by-case considerations. Another application of a slightly more general formulation of our main theorem shows that extended Shi arrangements, extended Catalan arrangements and ideal-Shi arrangements share this property as well. We also study arrangements that satisfy a slightly weaker condition, called almost accurate arrangements, where we simply disregard the ordering of the exponents involved. This property in turn is implied by many well established concepts of freeness such as supersolvability and divisional freeness.
description: 29 pages; 1 Figure; v2 small changes; v3 final version: added Example 3.13 and Example 4.5 to exemplify Theorem 3.11 and Theorem 4.3. Added in new reference [ATT20] in Remark 5.6. To appear in Advances in Math
Infrastructure and economic performance
Creators: name: Gokirmak, Hasmet
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: This dissertation examines the productivity impact of public infrastructure capital on economic growth in the U.S., using a production function approach. The linkage between public infrastructure investment and overall economic performance is important. This empirical dissertation, however, focuses on issues such as (i) which sectors of the economy are most sensitive to variation in public capital, (ii) which types of public capital are most important for private productivity, and (iii) how long it takes to see a positive effect in productivity/output of a particular industry. This study expands the existing literature in two ways: disaggregates more comprehensively by state and by industry, and addresses timing issues more carefully, i.e., short-run versus long-run effects of public capital. A common belief is that public capital enhances the productivity of private capital, raises its rate of return and encourages more investment. State-level analysis shows that there is a small positive relationship between public capital and private Gross State Product. At the industry level, however, there appears to be some incentive for investment in public capital in terms of the benefits accruing to wholesale trade industry and several of manufacturing industries. There is also some evidence that public capital acts as a substitute for private capital and "crowds out" private investment.
Infrastructure and economic performance
Creators: name: Gokirmak, Hasmet
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation examines the productivity impact of public infrastructure capital on economic growth in the U.S., using a production function approach. The linkage between public infrastructure investment and overall economic performance is important. This empirical dissertation, however, focuses on issues such as (i) which sectors of the economy are most sensitive to variation in public capital, (ii) which types of public capital are most important for private productivity, and (iii) how long it takes to see a positive effect in productivity/output of a particular industry. This study expands the existing literature in two ways: disaggregates more comprehensively by state and by industry, and addresses timing issues more carefully, i.e., short-run versus long-run effects of public capital. A common belief is that public capital enhances the productivity of private capital, raises its rate of return and encourages more investment. State-level analysis shows that there is a small positive relationship between public capital and private Gross State Product. At the industry level, however, there appears to be some incentive for investment in public capital in terms of the benefits accruing to wholesale trade industry and several of manufacturing industries. There is also some evidence that public capital acts as a substitute for private capital and "crowds out" private investment.
The war of laws in the Soviet Union: Politics as competing sovereignty claims
Creators: name: Alexander, Kimberly Holloman
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: When Mikhail Gorbachev initiated perestroika, few anticipated the depth and scope of reform, nor the consequences, intended and especially unintended, that would result. When Gorbachev opened for revision the rules of communist rule, he initiated a dynamic process of political transformation that would ultimately lead to the demise of the Soviet Union. Once the authoritative restrictions on political participation were loosened, political actors emerged in the republics and within the Soviet elite who challenged communist power. The War of Laws was a manifestation of that challenge and was focused on the legal issue of sovereignty, that is, who ruled whom? The War of Laws was two dimensional: between the republics, especially the Baltics, and central Soviet law making authorities; and among the factions that emerged within Soviet legislative and executive institutions. Although there was much violence in the last years of the USSR, the War of Laws was largely non-violent, yet as a conflict over power and political control, it was a determining factor in the collapse of the Soviet Union. The demise of the Soviet Union presents a tremendous challenge to scholars. How can we understand and explain the dissolution of what was believed to be one of the most stable political regimes in modern times? Although the sovietology literature provides rich descriptions of the salient features of Soviet politics, it fails to provide an adequate explanatory framework because it does not address what is known as the "agent-structure problem." Do people act as purposeful agents, making their own history, or do social structures determine history? I develop a constructivist theory of politics which answers the agent-structure question by proposing that agents and social structures are co-constituted in a process whereby social structures are continually produced, reproduced, and transformed by human actions and human action is continually constrained and enabled by social structures. I suggest that the War of Laws was an explicit manifestation of this process as participants sought to transform the political structures of the Soviet regime in a dynamic competition over sovereignty.