cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Product safety and security in the global supply chain: Issues, challenges and research opportunities
Creators: name: Marucheck, Ann
name: Greis, Noel
name: Cai, Linning
name: Mena, Carlos
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: A number of high profile product safety events and recalls have heightened public attention to the safety and security of the products that people consume and use. While product safety isn’t a new topic, the effect of the global supply chain in creating or exacerbating safety risks and vulnerabilities is both timely and relevant. In this essay we focus on how the field of operations management can provide fresh perspectives and insights in addressing the challenges of product safety and security in the global supply chain. We first examine the product safety issues and challenges that arise in five industries that are increasingly globalizing their supply chains: food, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, consumer products and automobiles. We describe four areas where operations management theory and methodologies can provide fresh insights and innovative solutions in addressing these problems; regulation and standards, product lifecycle management, traceability and recall management, and supplier relationships.
Robust estimation of the Quantum Fisher Information on a quantum processor
Creators: name: Vitale, Vittorio
name: Rath, Aniket
name: Jurcevic, Petar
name: Elben, Andreas
name: Branciard, Cyril
name: Vermersch, Benoît
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the experimental measurement, on a quantum processor, of a series of polynomial lower bounds that converge to the quantum Fisher information (QFI), a fundamental quantity for certifying multipartite entanglement that is useful for metrological applications. We combine advanced methods of the randomized measurement toolbox to obtain estimators that are robust against drifting errors caused uniquely during the randomized measurement protocol. We estimate the QFI for Greenberg-Horne-Zeilinger states, observing genuine multipartite entanglement. Then, we prepare the ground state of the transverse field Ising model at the critical point using a variational circuit. We estimate its QFI and investigate the interplay between state optimization and noise induced by increasing the circuit depth.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures
Self-adjoint elliptic operators with boundary conditions on not closed hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Mantile, A.
name: Posilicano, A.
name: Sini, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abstract theory of self-adjoint extensions of symmetric operators is used to construct self-adjoint realizations of a second-order elliptic operator on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ with linear boundary conditions on (a relatively open part of) a compact hypersurface. Our approach allows to obtain Krein-like resolvent formulas where the reference operator coincides with the "free" operator with domain $H^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$; this provides an useful tool for the scattering problem from a hypersurface. Concrete examples of this construction are developed in connection with the standard boundary conditions, Dirichlet, Neumann, Robin, $δ$ and $δ^{\prime}$-type, assigned either on a $n-1$ dimensional compact boundary $Γ=\partialΩ$ or on a relatively open part $Σ\subsetΓ$. Schatten-von Neumann estimates for the difference of the powers of resolvents of the free and the perturbed operators are also proven; these give existence and completeness of the wave operators of the associated scattering systems.
description: Final revised version, to appear in Journal of Differential Equations
Analytic solutions for the motion of spinning particles near spherically symmetric black holes and exotic compact objects
Creators: name: Witzany, Vojtěch
name: Piovano, Gabriel Andres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapidly rotating bodies moving in curved space-time experience the so-called spin-curvature force, which becomes important for the motion of compact objects in gravitational-wave inspirals. As a first approximation, this effect is captured in the motion of a spinning test particle. We solve the equations motion of a spinning particle to leading order in spin in arbitrary static and spherically symmetric space-times in terms of one-dimensional closed-form integrals. This solves the problem and proves its integrability in a wide range of modified gravities and near exotic compact objects. Then, by specializing to the case of bound orbits in Schwarzschild space-time, we demonstrate how to express the solution in the form of Jacobi elliptic functions.
description: The notebooks and machine-readable formulas can be found in the repo https://github.com/VojtechW/Analytical-Solution-Spinning-particle-Spherical
Additional file 2 of Undernutrition and associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in eastern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Gebru, Tsegu Hailu
name: Haftea Hagos Mekonen
name: Kbrom Gemechu Kiros
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. S1 Appendix- English and Tigrigna version of the questionnaire.
Information literacy as a social practice: A threshold concept for academic instruction librarians
Creators: name: Rath, Logan
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften

description: Introduction. This poster presents research from a dissertation study that was the second phase of a two-phase study. The first phase of the study found that viewing information literacy as a social practice was a threshold concept for academic instruction librarians in the United States. This study builds on that finding by examining how the threshold concept describes the experiences of currently practicing academic instruction librarians. This poster will show the original threshold concept, the revised threshold concept and describe how academic librarians taught from a social practice perspective. Methods. Focus groups and semi structured diary entries were used to collect data from nine academic instruction librarians in the United States and Canada. Focus groups were held in September and December, 2021. Diary entries were collected weekly between the two sets of focus groups. Analysis. Qualitative content analysis was performed using Atlas.ti version 22 and Excel. Results. The original model was adjusted with the addition of supports that can help academic instruction librarians confront and avoid tensions that push them towards teaching skills out of context. Conclusion. The adjusted model was decided to be an accurate representation of participants’ experiences.
Radio detection of cosmic neutrinos
Creators: name: Badescu Alina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: The salt neutrino detector is a complementary approach, still in the conceptual stage that deals with the measurement of a very wide formation of natural salt with antennas. The network of antennas can determine the energy of the primary particle through the measurement of the amplitude of the radio EM field (produced by Askaryan and Cherenkov effects) and it can reconstruct the direction of the primary particle through the measurement of the occurrence times of the radio impulses. This article presents results regarding measurements for instrumentation deployed in salt mines and also simulations on particle showers initiated by high energy neutrinos in salt. Implications on construction of a cosmic detector in salt are determined.
description: Presented at V International Congreso Latinoamericano de Fisica, 8-12 October 2018, Puebla
Conducting information seeking behaviour research in an international, interdisciplinary research project: experiences and reflections
Creators: name: Borlund, Pia
name: Pharo, Nils
name: Liu, Ying-Hsang
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften

description: Introduction. We report experiences from an international, interdisciplinary research project, in which we conduct information seeking behaviour studies. We give an overview of how we planned and scheduled the research project, which includes the application of the adapted model by Mason, and further share project challenges and relate them to the research literature. Methods. We share illustrative examples of challenges experienced as being part of an international interdisciplinary project, which we discuss in relation to the research literature on research project management. Analysis. We conduct a conceptual analysis of project challenges in light of the project management research literature. Results. We show how we have planned and scheduled the research infrastructure and share how the test design and study methodology was developed by use of the adopted Mason model. We report experiences from our project reflecting national cultures and geographical challenges, different disciplinary and institutional cultures, time and cost limitations, and budget delegation. Conclusion. We find that project success depends on a solid understanding of the nature of the research project and the work conditions and cultures of project partners. Project planning is essential, and it is necessary to be aware of constraints related to time, costs, and human resources.
Bit Patterned Magnetic Recording: Theory, Media Fabrication, and Recording Performance
Creators: name: Albrecht, Thomas R.
name: Arora, Hitesh
name: Ayanoor-Vitikkate, Vipin
name: Beaujour, Jean-Marc
name: Bedau, Daniel
name: Berman, David
name: Bogdanov, Alexei L.
name: Chapuis, Yves-Andre
name: Cushen, Julia
name: Dobisz, Elizabeth E.
name: Doerk, Gregory
name: Gao, He
name: Grobis, Michael
name: Gurney, Bruce
name: Hanson, Weldon
name: Hellwig, Olav
name: Hirano, Toshiki
name: Jubert, Pierre-Olivier
name: Kercher, Dan
name: Lille, Jeffrey
name: Liu, Zuwei
name: Mate, C. Mathew
name: Obukhov, Yuri
name: Patel, Kanaiyalal C.
name: Rubin, Kurt
name: Ruiz, Ricardo
name: Schabes, Manfred
name: Wan, Lei
name: Weller, Dieter
name: Wu, Tsai-Wei
name: Yan, En
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: B.3.2; B.4.2

description: Bit Patterned Media (BPM) for magnetic recording provide a route to densities $>1 Tb/in^2$ and circumvents many of the challenges associated with conventional granular media technology. Instead of recording a bit on an ensemble of random grains, BPM uses an array of lithographically defined isolated magnetic islands, each of which stores one bit. Fabrication of BPM is viewed as the greatest challenge for its commercialization. In this article we describe a BPM fabrication method which combines e-beam lithography, directed self-assembly of block copolymers, self-aligned double patterning, nanoimprint lithography, and ion milling to generate BPM based on CoCrPt alloys. This combination of fabrication technologies achieves feature sizes of $<10 nm$, significantly smaller than what conventional semiconductor nanofabrication methods can achieve. In contrast to earlier work which used hexagonal close-packed arrays of round islands, our latest approach creates BPM with rectangular bitcells, which are advantageous for integration with existing hard disk drive technology. The advantages of rectangular bits are analyzed from a theoretical and modeling point of view, and system integration requirements such as servo patterns, implementation of write synchronization, and providing for a stable head-disk interface are addressed in the context of experimental results. Optimization of magnetic alloy materials for thermal stability, writeability, and switching field distribution is discussed, and a new method for growing BPM islands on a patterned template is presented. New recording results at $1.6 Td/in^2$ (teradot/inch${}^2$, roughly equivalent to $1.3 Tb/in^2$) demonstrate a raw error rate $<10^{-2}$, which is consistent with the recording system requirements of modern hard drives. Extendibility of BPM to higher densities, and its eventual combination with energy assisted recording are explored.
description: 44 pages
Births, deaths and natural change in Greece (1950-2050): trends, ruptures and reversals
Creators: name: Demo, Dirap
name: KOTZAMANIS, BYRON
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 440399
subject: Demography not elsewhere classified

description: The public debate regarding the demographic problem in Greece is increasingly focused on “underfertility”, and so the yearly vital statistics are usually awaited with particular interest. The recently-released 2022 data were quite surprising, given the 10% decrease in birth rates compared to 2021 due to the pandemic, which, combined with the increased of deaths, led to an unprecedented negative natural balance of -65 thousand people. Of course, this is not the first time since 1950 that the number of births has fallen and that deaths have outnumbered them. In this short article we answer to two questions: (i) what is the reason behind the differentiated birth and death rate trajectory from 1950 to 2023? and (ii) is it possible that births and deaths could return to the pre-pandemic levels (2015-2019) in the coming decades? Examining the parameters on which the number of these events depends each year allows us to answer these questions, and to argue that, despite any fluctuations, births and deaths cannot remain at pre-pandemic levels: the former will keep decreasing even in the most optimistic scenario, while the latter will keep increasing, resulting in negative natural balances and, even in the case of a very positive migration balance, a declining population, at least until 2050. The migration balance will therefore largely determine the extent of the irreversible population decline by 2050.
Local Linear Convergence of an Outer Approximation Projection Method for Variational Inequalities
Creators: name: Lu, Shu
name: Singh, Sudhanshu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: This paper considers an outer approximation projection method for variational inequalities, in which the projections are not performed on the original set that appears in the variational inequality, but on a polyhedral convex set defined by the linearized constraints. It shows that the method converges linearly, when the starting point is sufficiently close to the solution and the step lengths are sufficiently small.
Additional file 1 of Impact of pre-existing cardiovascular disease on treatment patterns and survival outcomes in patients with lung cancer
Creators: name: Batra, Atul
name: Dropen Sheka
name: Shiying Kong
name: Winson Y. Cheung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Histology stratified logistic regression to predict the likelihood of treatment (A: Chemotherapy, B: Radiotherapy, C: Surgery). Supplemental Table 2. Age stratified logistic regression analysis to predict the likelihood of treatment (A: Chemotherapy, B: Radiotherapy, C: Surgery).
Derivation of Bose-Einstein statistics from the uncertainty principle
Creators: name: Tangney, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The microstate of any degree of freedom of any classical dynamical system can be represented by a point in its two dimensional phase space. Since infinitely precise measurements are impossible, a measurement can, at best, constrain the location of this point to a region of phase space whose area is finite. This paper explores the implications of assuming that this finite area is bounded from below. I prove that if the same lower bound applied to every degree of freedom of a sufficiently cold classical dynamical system, the distribution of the system's energy among its degrees of freedom would be a Bose-Einstein distribution.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment
Stability Increment Practices using Wall Outrigger Members: A Review
Creators: name: Jamle, Sagar
name: Sakshi Goyal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90506 Structural Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Reduction in less living land has become the problem in urban areas due to increase in population. The solution in
this regard is the introduction of high rise structures let several countries comes under their goal to attain the sustainability criteria. Multistoried building consumes lesser land area and could be built over a lesser space area is the introduction of conversion of the city into metropolitan one.
The investments are also generated that makes it comes under foremost city across the country, if any city comes under the huge construction. The delivering of more correctness in lesser space consumption, the multistoried high rise buildings are the only possibility offered to capture the investments. In this study, various research articles associated in this regard are intensively studied in which a vast work was finished in this field before. To make these buildings inexpensive, harmless and suitable it is really important to add new ideas and expertise. Among them, stability increment techniques by introducing the Outrigger Wall systems are now demand in the field of structural
engineering. By the help of this study, one can easily understand the easily understand the criteria of previous researches done and use of the Outrigger wall system in various locations of the multistoried building. With the help of this literature survey, we came to recognize the conclusive outcome that forms the research objectives of our technical aspects of the supplementary study.
Tricarbonylrhenium(I) complexes of phosphine-derivatized amines, amino acids and a model peptide: structures, solution behavior and cytotoxicity
Creators: name: Hor, T.S. Andy
name: Hall, Iris
name: Wheaton, Jessica
name: Zhang, Jianyong
name: Yan, Yaw Kai
name: Henderson, William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Modified Mannich reactions of amines, amino acids and a model peptide with Ph2PH and CH2O gave bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)amines (Ph2PCH2)2NR [R= Ph (1), CH2CH2OH (2), CH2COOCH2Ph (3), CH2CONHCH2COOCH2Ph (4), CH2COOH (5)] and (Ph2PCH2)2NCH2CH2N(CH2PPh2)2 (6). Reaction with [ReBr3(CO)3]2- under mild conditions led to ReBr(CO)3{(Ph2PCH2)2NR} [R= Ph (7), CH2CH2OH (8), CH2COOCH2Ph (9), CH2CONHCH2COOCH2Ph (10), CH2COOH (11)] and [ReBr(CO)3Ph2PCH2)2NCH2]2 (12). All new complexes have been characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy and for 7, 9 and 10, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Stability studies by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry, showed that other than solvolysis, the complexes are fairly stable in neutral and acidic methanol. Cytotoxicity testing of 7-10 and 12 showed that all the complexes are active against specific tumour cell lines.
Information literacy competencies and social media as a source of information for integration of newcomers
Creators: name: Kainat, Khadijah
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften

description: Introduction. The poster presents research in progress. The research aims at understanding how information literacy helps the integration process of women refugees and immigrants in Nordic countries (Sweden and Finland). The initial results show that newcomers face various problems of seeking relevant and timely information, lack of social connections and lack of information literacy competencies in a new country. However, they use social media (particularly Facebook and Instagram) as an information source to enhance language learning, cultural learning, making connections and job-seeking. Facebook and Instagram are the biggest social networking platforms in Sweden and Finland. In this study, it is interesting to see how participants follow different groups on Facebook such as, “Syrians in Sweden” or “Jobs for Immigrants in Finland “and follow hashtags on Instagram to learn about local language and culture such as, #Swedishculture #svenskpoddar #learnFinnish #swedishforforeigners etc. Following the specific hashtags can be seen as one of the information literacy competencies that participants use to seek the information. Due to lack of information literacy competencies in a new cultural setting, they face issues of information overload and misinformation on these social media platforms.
Continuous Hamiltonian dynamics on digital quantum computers without discretization error
Creators: name: Granet, Etienne
name: Dreyer, Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an algorithm to compute Hamiltonian dynamics on digital quantum computers that requires only a finite circuit depth to reach an arbitrary precision, i.e. achieves zero discretization error with finite depth. This finite number of gates comes at the cost of an attenuation of the measured expectation value by a known amplitude, requiring more shots per circuit. The gate count for simulation up to time $t$ is $O(t^2μ^2)$ with $μ$ the $1$-norm of the Hamiltonian, without dependence on the precision desired on the result, providing a significant improvement over previous algorithms. The only dependence in the norm makes it particularly adapted to non-sparse Hamiltonians. The algorithm generalizes to time-dependent Hamiltonians, appearing for example in adiabatic state preparation. These properties make it particularly suitable for present-day relatively noisy hardware that supports only circuits with moderate depth.
description: 5 pages
Territorial pattern formation in the absence of an attractive potential
Creators: name: Potts, Jonathan R
name: Lewis, Mark A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Territoriality is a phenomenon exhibited throughout nature. On the individual level, it is the processes by which organisms exclude others of the same species from certain parts of space. On the population level, it is the segregation of space into separate areas, each used by subsections of the population. Proving mathematically that such individual-level processes can cause observed population-level patterns to form is necessary for linking these two levels of description in a non-speculative way. Previous mathematical analysis has relied upon assuming animals are attracted to a central area. This can either be a fixed geographical point, such as a den- or nest-site, or a region where they have previously visited. However, recent simulation-based studies suggest that this attractive potential is not necessary for territorial pattern formation. Here, we construct a partial differential equation (PDE) model of territorial interactions based on the individual-based model (IBM) from those simulation studies. The resulting PDE does not rely on attraction to spatial locations, but purely on conspecific avoidance, mediated via scent-marking. We show analytically that steady-state patterns can form, as long as (i) the scent does not decay faster than it takes the animal to traverse the terrain, and (ii) the spatial scale over which animals detect scent is incorporated into the PDE. As part of the analysis, we develop a general method for taking the PDE limit of an IBM that avoids destroying any intrinsic spatial scale in the underlying behavioral decisions.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
Isometric rigidity of Wasserstein spaces over Euclidean spheres
Creators: name: Gehér, György Pál
name: Hrušková, Aranka
name: Titkos, Tamás
name: Virosztek, Dániel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 54E40, 46E27 (Primary) 60A10, 60B05 (Secondary)

description: We study the structure of isometries of the quadratic Wasserstein space $\mathcal{W}_2\left(\mathbb{S}^n,\|\cdot\|\right)$ over the sphere endowed with the distance inherited from the norm of $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$. We prove that $\mathcal{W}_2\left(\mathbb{S}^n,\|\cdot\|\right)$ is isometrically rigid, meaning that its isometry group is isomorphic to that of $\left(\mathbb{S}^n,\|\cdot\|\right)$. This is in striking contrast to the non-rigidity of its ambient space $\mathcal{W}_2\left(\mathbb{R}^n,\|\cdot\|\right)$ but in line with the rigidity of the geodesic space $\mathcal{W}_2\left(\mathbb{S}^n,\sphericalangle\right)$. One of the key steps of the proof is the use of mean squared error functions to mimic displacement interpolation in $\mathcal{W}_2\left(\mathbb{S}^n,\|\cdot\|\right)$. A major difficulty in proving rigidity for quadratic Wasserstein spaces is that one cannot use the Wasserstein potential technique. To illustrate its general power, we use it to prove isometric rigidity of $\mathcal{W}_p\left(\mathbb{S}^1, \|\cdot\|\right)$ for $1 \leq p<2.$
description: v2: accepted manuscript version; 16 pages, 1 figure
OMLETH: A multimedia guide for field trips
Creators: name: Sailer, Christian
name: Kiefer, Peter
name: Raubal, Martin
Publisher: name: ETH Learning and Teaching Journal
Year: 2018

description: OMLETH is a map-based learning platform, used in formal and informal educational institutions. It features educational multimedia field trips that allow authentic, location-based mobile learning
description: ETH Learning and Teaching Journal, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Special issue: ETH Learning and Teaching Fair 2018 proceedings
Double identity and double mission of information activities in serious leisure: A case study of idol fans from China
Creators: name: Zheng, Weinan
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften

description: Introduction. As an accompanying growth demand, fandom culture has attracted more and more attention in Chinese society. The poster aimed to study the characteristics of idol fans’ information activities in the context of serious leisure. Methods. Based on Hektor’s daily life information behaviour model, questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used to investigate the information activities of core fans of idol Z’s fan club. Analysis. The information activities of core fans as individual fans as well as members of fan club were analysed with contend analysis method. Results. Core fans have information behaviour including seeking, gathering, communicating and giving, as well as information activities including searching & retrieving, browsing, monitoring, unfolding, exchanging, dressing, instructing, and publishing. As members of fan club, fans also have other information activities such as information storage and information evaluation. Conclusions. This work showed that the Hektor’s model had strong applicability in describing the information activities of idol core fans, but it needed to be supplemented with activities such as information storage and information evaluation. Core fans had the double identity as information users and providers. Their serious leisure information activities were not only aimed at pure entertainment, but also exhibited problem-solving goals similar to those in learning and work context.
An interdisciplinary and application-oriented approach to teach microfluidics for microbial ecology
Creators: name: Secchi, Eleonora
name: Fernandez, Vicente
name: Salek, Mehdi
Publisher: name: ETH Learning and Teaching Journal
Year: 2018

description: Our interdisciplinary course directed at a heterogeneous group of doctoral student participants aimed to help students identify the experimental advantages and requirements of microfluidics and learn how to design and perform an experiment in view of their own project.
description: ETH Learning and Teaching Journal, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Special issue: ETH Learning and Teaching Fair 2018 proceedings
FashionLOGO: Prompting Multimodal Large Language Models for Fashion Logo Embeddings
Creators: name: Wang, Zhen
name: Li, Da
name: Su, Yulin
name: Yang, Min
name: Qiu, Minghui
name: Wang, Walton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Logo embedding models convert the product logos in images into vectors, enabling their utilization for logo recognition and detection within e-commerce platforms. This facilitates the enforcement of intellectual property rights and enhances product search capabilities. However, current methods treat logo embedding as a purely visual problem. A noteworthy issue is that visual models capture features more than logos. Instead, we view this as a multimodal task, using text as auxiliary information to facilitate the visual model's understanding of the logo. The emerging Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in both visual and textual understanding. Inspired by this, we propose an approach, \textbf{FashionLOGO}, to explore how to prompt MLLMs to generate appropriate text for product images, which can help visual models achieve better logo embeddings. We adopt a cross-attention transformer block that enables visual embedding to automatically learn supplementary knowledge from textual embedding. Our extensive experiments on real-world datasets prove that FashionLOGO is capable of generating generic and robust logo embeddings, achieving state-of-the-art performance in all benchmarks.
Universal support for triangulated categories
Creators: name: Balmer, Paul
name: Ocal, Pablo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18F99, 18G80

description: We revisit a result of Gratz and Stevenson on the universal space that carries supports for objects of a triangulated category, in the absence of a tensor product.
description: 2 pages, added referee corrections, to appear in C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris
Stellar Winds on the Main-Sequence I: Wind Model
Creators: name: Johnstone, C. P.
name: Güdel, M.
name: Lüftinger, T.
name: Toth, G.
name: Brott, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We develop a method for estimating the properties of stellar winds for low-mass main-sequence stars between masses of 0.4 and 1.1 solar masses at a range of distances from the star. Methods: We use 1D thermal pressure driven hydrodynamic wind models run using the Versatile Advection Code. Using in situ measurements of the solar wind, we produce models for the slow and fast components of the solar wind. We consider two radically different methods for scaling the base temperature of the wind to other stars: in Model A, we assume that wind temperatures are fundamentally linked to coronal temperatures, and in Model B, we assume that the sound speed at the base of the wind is a fixed fraction of the escape velocity. In Paper II of this series, we use observationally constrained rotational evolution models to derive wind mass loss rates. Results: Our model for the solar wind provides an excellent description of the real solar wind far from the solar surface, but is unrealistic within the solar corona. We run a grid of 1200 wind models to derive relations for the wind properties as a function of stellar mass, radius, and wind temperature. Using these results, we explore how wind properties depend on stellar mass and rotation. Conclusions: Based on our two assumptions about the scaling of the wind temperature, we argue that there is still significant uncertainty in how these properties should be determined. Resolution of this uncertainty will probably require both the application of solar wind physics to other stars and detailed observational constraints on the properties of stellar winds. In the final section of this paper, we give step by step instructions for how to apply our results to calculate the stellar wind conditions far from the stellar surface.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in A&A
A model for modelling
Creators: name: Brändle, Urs
name: Van Vliet, Oscar
Publisher: name: ETH Learning and Teaching Journal
Year: 2018

description: Our teaching project aims to build a more coherent curriculum for modeling. We help rationalize learning objectives for modeling between courses, and follow student skills’ development with a novel concept inventory.
description: ETH Learning and Teaching Journal, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Special issue: ETH Learning and Teaching Fair 2018 proceedings
Memory lane and morality: How childhood memories promote prosocial behavior.
Creators: name: Desai, Sreedhari
name: Gino, Francesca
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Although research has established that autobiographical memory affects one‘s self-concept, little is know about how it affects moral behavior. We focus on a specific type of autobiographical memory: childhood memories. Drawing on research on memory and moral psychology, we propose that childhood memories elicit moral purity, which we define as a psychological state of feeling morally clean and innocent. In turn, heightened moral purity leads to greater prosocial behavior. In Experiment 1, participants instructed to recall childhood memories were more likely to help the experimenter with a supplementary task than were participants in a control condition, and this effect was mediated by moral purity. In Experiment 2, the same manipulation increased the amount of money participants donated to a good cause, and both implicit and explicit measures of moral purity mediated the effect. Experiment 3 provides further support for the process linking childhood memories and prosocial behavior through moderation. In Experiment 4, we find that childhood memories led to punishment of others‘ ethically-questionable actions. Finally, in Experiment 5, both positively-valenced and negatively-valenced childhood memories increased helping compared to a control condition.
AEther: A research and writing workshop in Science and Technology Studies
Creators: name: Güttler, Nils
name: Rhyner, Niki
name: Stadler, Max
Publisher: name: ETH Learning and Teaching Journal
Year: 2018

description: The aim of this teaching project is to design and develop an innovative, internetbased science magazine in the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS): www.aether.ethz.ch. Students have the opportunity to critically engage with the future of digital scientific publishing, both conceptually and practically.
description: ETH Learning and Teaching Journal, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Special issue: ETH Learning and Teaching Fair 2018 proceedings
SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 disrupts innate immune signalling by inhibiting cellular mRNA export
Creators: name: Hall, Ross
name: Guedán, Anabel
name: Yap, Melvyn W
name: Young, George R
name: Harvey, Ruth
name: Stoye, Jonathan P
name: Bishop, Kate N
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: Model organisms
Biochemistry & Proteomics
Tumour Biology
Genetics & Genomics
Genome Integrity & Repair
Structural Biology & Biophysics
Cell Biology
Chemical Biology & High Throughput
Infectious Disease
Ecology,Evolution & Ethology
Computational & Systems Biology

description: SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus and the etiological agent of COVID-19, a devastating infectious disease. Due to its far-reaching effect on human health, there is an urgent and growing need to understand the viral molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with the host cell. SARS-CoV-2 encodes 9 predicted accessory proteins, which are presumed to be dispensable for in vitro replication, most likely having a role in modulating the host cell environment to aid viral replication. Here we show that the ORF6 accessory protein interacts with cellular Rae1 to inhibit cellular protein production by blocking mRNA export. We utilised cell fractionation coupled with mRNAseq to explore which cellular mRNA species are affected by ORF6 expression and show that ORF6 can inhibit the export of many mRNA including those encoding antiviral factors such as IRF1 and RIG-I. We also show that export of these mRNA is blocked in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Together, our studies identify a novel mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 can manipulate the host cell environment to supress antiviral responses, providing further understanding to the replication strategies of a virus that has caused an unprecedented global health crisis.
Parity-protected superconducting qubit based on topological insulators
Creators: name: Guo, Guo-Liang
name: Leng, Han-Bing
name: Liu, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel architecture that utilizes two 0-$π$ qubits based on topological Josephson junctions to implement a parity-protected superconducting qubit. The topological Josephson junctions provides protection against fabrication variations, which ensures the identical Josephson junctions required to implement the0-$π$ qubit. By viewing the even and odd parity ground states of a 0-$π$ qubit as spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ states, we construct the logic qubit states using the total parity odd subspace of two 0-$π$ qubits. This parity-protected qubit exhibits robustness against charge noise, similar to a singlet-triplet qubit's immunity to global magnetic field fluctuations. Meanwhile, the flux noise cannot directly couple two states with the same total parity and therefore is greatly suppressed. Benefiting from the simultaneous protection from both charge and flux noise, we demonstrate a dramatic enhancement of both $T_1$ and $T_2$ coherence times. Our work presents a new approach to engineer symmetry-protected superconducting qubits.
description: 10 pages and 5 figures
Additional file 10 of Inter-tumor genomic heterogeneity of breast cancers: comprehensive genomic profile of primary early breast cancers and relapses
Creators: name: Fumagalli, Caterina
name: Ranghiero, Alberto
name: Gandini, Sara
name: Corso, Federica
name: Taormina, Sergio
name: Camilli, Elisa De
name: Rappa, Alessandra
name: Vacirca, Davide
name: Viale, Giuseppe
name: Guerini-Rocco, Elena
name: Barberis, Massimo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 10: Supplementary Table 2.docx: Additional alterations found in the recurrence samples only. Bold: driver alterations.
Moral character in the workplace.
Creators: name: Panter, A. T.
name: Turan, Nazlı
name: Morse, Lily
name: Cohen, Taya
name: Kim, Yeonjeong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: In two three-month diary studies and a large cross-sectional survey, we identified distinguishing features of adults with low versus high levels of moral character. Adults with high levels of moral character tend to consider the needs and interests of others and how their actions affect other people (e.g., they have high levels of Honesty-Humility, empathic concern, guilt proneness), regulate their behavior effectively, specifically with reference to behaviors that have positive short-term consequences but negative long-term consequences (e.g., they have high levels of Conscientiousness, self-control, consideration of future consequences), and value being moral (e.g., they have high levels of moral identity-internalization). Cognitive moral development, Emotionality, and social value orientation were found to be relatively undiagnostic of moral character. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that low-moral-character employees committed harmful work behaviors more frequently and helpful work behaviors less frequently than high moral-character employees, according to their own admissions and coworkers’ observations. Study 3 revealed that low-moral-character adults committed more delinquent behavior and had more lenient attitudes toward unethical negotiation tactics as compared to high-moral-character adults. By showing that individual differences have consistent, meaningful effects on employees’ behaviors, after controlling for demographic variables (e.g., gender, age, income) and basic attributes of the work setting (e.g., enforcement of an ethics code), our results contest situationist perspectives that de-emphasize the importance of personality. Moral people can be identified by self-reports in surveys, and these self-reports predict consequential behaviors months after the initial assessment.
A structural examination of agrochemical processing by human carboxylesterase 1
Creators: name: Redinbo, Matthew
name: Hemmert, Andrew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) is the primary carboxylesterase expressed in the liver. This critical member of the phase I drug metabolism pathway detoxifies a wide-range of endobiotics, xenobiotics, and agrochemicals. To date, more than a dozen X-ray crystal structures have been elucidated of hCE1 in complex with a broad spectrum of ligands, including organophosphates. These structures provide valuable insights into agrochemical binding and metabolism by hCE1. For example, variable binding pockets that frame the enzyme’s catalytic triad and a long, flexible loop capping this region appear to regulate substrate affinity. Stereoisomers of organophosphates illustrate the substrate selectivity of these two pockets. In contrast, pyrethroid isomers likely impact the positioning of the oxyanion hole required to stabilize the negatively charged transition-state oxygen. Finally, it appears that rates of spontaneous hCE1 reactivation in the presence of organophosphates are significantly affected by alkoxy placement within the active site.
Studies of the role of PFKFB3 modulators in endothelial dysfunctionality associated with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Creators: name: Smolders, Valérie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: Rationale: Material obtained at pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) offers the unique opportunity to unravel pathophysiological mechanisms underlying chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Enhanced proliferation and an apoptosis-resistant phenotype, that could be involved in vascular changes occurring in CTEPH, might be linked to metabolic dysregulation of CTEPH endothelial cells (CTEPH-EC). The aim of this study was the development of an in vitro model of EC pathology using primary cultures of patient derived EC to assay cell metabolism in CTEPH. Method: Cells isolated from PEA specimens (N=12) were confirmed as being EC. Cell migration was evaluated using scratch migration assay. Metabolic changes in CTEPH-EC are being studied using RT-PCR, Western-Blot and colorimetric enzyme activity assays. Findings in CTEPH-EC were compared with human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAE). Results: CTEPH-EC showed endothelial cobblestone morphology accompanied with the expression of endothelial markers, such as CD31, vWF and V-CAD. Migration capacity of CTEPH-EC was lower than HPAE (p<0.0001). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in cell pellet was higher in CTEPH-EC than in HPAE (median, 167 mU/mL [IQR, 131-197] vs 125 mU/mL [88-135]). No significant differences in the LDH activity were found in the supernatant of the same cultures. Expression of PFKFB3, LDH and other glycolytic enzymes as well as hexokinase activity was not significantly different between CTEPH-EC and HPAE.
 Conclusion: Our results show that CTEPH-EC present a functional impairment compared to control endothelial cells. Similarities with the known metabolic profiles of rapid growing cells, enhanced glycolytic rates and reduced oxidative metabolism, suggest the existence of a Warburg effect in CTEPH-EC based on the enhanced LDH activity compared to controls. Supported by grants H2020-Marie Skłodowska-Curie ITN (No. 675527), SEPAR (188/2013, 164/2016), SOCAP, FCHP and Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI15/00582).
Exposure Analysis Methods Impact Associations between Maternal Physical Activity and Cesarean Delivery
Creators: name: Evenson, Kelly R.
name: Bovbjerg, Marit L.
name: Siega-Riz, Anna Maria
name: Goodnight, William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Background: Previous studies report conflicting results regarding a possible association between maternal physical activity (PA) and cesarean delivery. Methods: 7-day PA recalls were collected by telephone from n=1205 pregnant women from North Carolina, without prior cesarean, during two time windows: 17-22 weeks and 27-30 weeks completed gestation. PA was treated as a continuous, non-linear variable in binomial regressions (log-link function); models controlled for primiparity, maternal contraindications to exercise, pre-eclampsia, pre-gravid BMI, and percent poverty. We examined both total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) at each time. Outcomes data came from medical records. Results: The dose-response curves between PA or MVPA and cesarean risk at 17-22 weeks followed an inverse J-shape, but at 27-30 weeks the curves reversed and were J-shaped. However, only (total) PA at 27-30 weeks was strongly associated with cesarean risk; this association was attenuated when women reporting large volumes of PA (>97.5th percentile) were excluded. Conclusion: We did not find evidence of an association between physical activity and cesarean birth. We did, however, find evidence that associations between PA and risk of cesarean may be non-linear and dependent on gestational age at time of exposure, limiting the accuracy of analyses that collapse maternal PA into categories.
Multichannel quantum defect theory with a frame transformation for ultracold atom-molecule collisions in magnetic fields
Creators: name: Morita, Masato
name: Brumer, Paul
name: Tscherbul, Timur V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the powerful formalism of multichannel quantum defect theory combined with a frame transformation to ultracold atom-molecule collisions in magnetic fields. By solving the coupled-channel equations with hyperfine and Zeeman interactions omitted at short range, the extended theory enables a drastically simplified description of the intricate quantum dynamics of ultracold molecular collisions in terms of a small number of short-range parameters. We apply the formalism to ultracold Mg + NH collisions in a magnetic field, achieving a 10$^4$-fold reduction in computational effort.