cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 4 of Systematic examination of publicly-available information reveals the diverse and extensive corporate political activity of the food industry in Australia
Creators: name: Mialon, Melissa
name: Swinburn, Boyd
name: Allender, Steven
name: Sacks, Gary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Examples of third parties funded or affiliated with the sample of food industry actors in Australia. (DOCX 19 kb)
Assessment of cerebral autoregulation indices – a modelling perspective
Creators: name: Liu, Xiuyun
name: Czosnyka, Marek
name: Donnelly, Joseph
name: Cardim, Danilo
name: Cabeleira, Manuel
name: Lalou, Despina Aphroditi
name: Hu, Xiao
name: Hutchinson, Peter J.
name: Smielewski, Peter
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/692/308/1426
/631/378/116/2393
/692/617
/119/118
article

description: Abstract: Various methodologies to assess cerebral autoregulation (CA) have been developed, including model - based methods (e.g. autoregulation index, ARI), correlation coefficient - based methods (e.g. mean flow index, Mx), and frequency domain - based methods (e.g. transfer function analysis, TF). Our understanding of relationships among CA indices remains limited, partly due to disagreement of different studies by using real physiological signals, which introduce confounding factors. The influence of exogenous noise on CA parameters needs further investigation. Using a set of artificial cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV) generated from a well-known CA model, this study aims to cross-validate the relationship among CA indices in a more controlled environment. Real arterial blood pressure (ABP) measurements from 34 traumatic brain injury patients were applied to create artificial CBFVs. Each ABP recording was used to create 10 CBFVs corresponding to 10 CA levels (ARI from 0 to 9). Mx, TF phase, gain and coherence in low frequency (LF) and very low frequency (VLF) were calculated. The influence of exogenous noise was investigated by adding three levels of colored noise to the artificial CBFVs. The result showed a significant negative relationship between Mx and ARI (r = −0.95, p < 0.001), and it became almost purely linear when ARI is between 3 to 6. For transfer function parameters, ARI positively related with phase (r = 0.99 at VLF and 0.93 at LF, p < 0.001) and negatively related with gain_VLF(r = −0.98, p < 0.001). Exogenous noise changed the actual values of the CA parameters and increased the standard deviation. Our results show that different methods can lead to poor correlation between some of the autoregulation parameters even under well controlled situations, undisturbed by unknown confounding factors. They also highlighted the importance of exogenous noise, showing that even the same CA value might correspond to different CA levels under different ‘noise’ conditions.
Synthesis and peroxidase-like mimic study in H2O2 detection of a stable polyoxometalate-pillared coordination polymer
Creators: name: Wang, Jianing
name: Zhou, Hairui
name: Ge, Maokui
name: Wang, Yunliang
name: Zhang, Yiqiyuan
name: Lu, Hongjun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Computational Biology

description: A stable hamburger-like polyoxometalate (POM)-pillared coordination polymer (CP) [Ag15(trz)10][SiW12O40] (Ag15SiW12) (trz = 1,2,3-triazole) has been synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis indicates that SiW12 polyanions are sandwiched between adjacent Ag-trz sheets with two distinct types of pores, giving a three-dimensional POM-pillared sheet framework. Inspired by the reported horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and other enzyme mimics, the peroxidase-like activity of Ag15SiW12 was investigated to catalyze oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2. Compared with other POM-involved enzyme mimics, Ag15SiW12 exhibits excellent peroxidase-like activity. Detection of H2O2 was also studied in buffer solution, and the result shows broader application range (1–100 μM), faster response time (1 min) and lower detection limit (0.27 μM), which may be ascribed to the distinct structure and maximized synergistic effect of individual components.
Praktisk examination och examination av praktik: möjligheter och begränsningar
Creators: name: Björnehed, Emma
name: Weissmann, Mikael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 160604 Defence Studies
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The ability to lead armed combat is central to an officer. It is clear that the military profession is about more than possessing theoretical knowledge. Thus, in order to achieve an educational program that includes the skills and abilities of the military profession there is a need to look beyond traditional written examination and apply practical examination in various forms. In this article we argue that while all practice can and should be examined through practical examination, not everything that is practically examined has to be practice. More specifically, this article will focus on the possibilities and limitations with practical examination. Focus will be on the education of officers within the context of war studies. The article approaches the issue on the basis of the legal framework for higher education in Sweden, research on teaching and learning in higher education and practice at the Swedish Defence University. The overall purpose is to understand practical examination with regard to what is allowed, how it is done with judicial security, and how it can be done in practice. The article also discusses what should be practically examined and how this should be done.
Pinodytes borealis Peck & Cook 2011
Creators: name: Peck, Stewart B.
name: Cook, Joyce
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Leiodidae
Pinodytes
Pinodytes borealis

description: Pinodytes borealis species group
 Diagnosis. This monotypic group is defined by the following combination of characters: head and pronotal microsculpture reticulate; antennomere 7 clearly larger than 8; male protibia slender, evenly widened to apex; male protarsomeres and mesotarsomeres bearing two rows of thin, broad phanerae ventrally; mesoventritesl longitudinal carina not excavated anteriorly; median lobe of aedeagus elongate, broad; parameres moderately narrow, not reaching apex of median lobe, each bearing two apical setae.
description: Published as part of Peck, Stewart B. & Cook, Joyce, 2011, Systematics, distributions and bionomics of the Catopocerini (eyeless soil fungivore beetles) of North America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Catopocerinae) 3077, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 3077 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3077.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5243536
Additional file 3 of Systematic examination of publicly-available information reveals the diverse and extensive corporate political activity of the food industry in Australia
Creators: name: Mialon, Melissa
name: Swinburn, Boyd
name: Allender, Steven
name: Sacks, Gary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Data retrieved during data collection in Australia. (DOCX 175 kb)
Characterization of Gaps and Elements of a Numerical Semigroup Using Groebner Bases
Creators: name: Márquez-Campos, Guadalupe
name: Tornero, José M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This article is partly a survey and partly a research paper. It tackles the use of Groebner bases for addressing problems of numerical semigroups, which is a topic that has been around for some years, but it does it in a systematic way which enables us to prove some results and a hopefully interesting characterization of the elements of a semigroup in terms of Groebner bases.
Commutative Rings of Differential Operators Corresponding to Multidimensional Algebraic Varieties
Creators: name: Mironov, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct new examples of multidimensional commuting matrix differential operators and a multidimensional analog of the Kadomtsev--Petviashvili hierarchy.
description: LaTeX, 16 pages
Sociodemographic inequities associated with participation in leisure-time physical activity in sub-Saharan Africa: an individual participant data meta-analysis
Creators: name: Barr, Anna Louise
name: Partap, Uttara
name: Young, Elizabeth H.
name: Agoudavi, Kokou
name: Balde, Naby
name: Kagaruki, Gibson B.
name: Mayige, Mary T.
name: Longo-Mbenza, Benjamin
name: Mutungi, Gerald
name: Mwalim, Omar
name: Wesseh, Chea S.
name: Bahendeka, Silver K.
name: Guwatudde, David
name: Jørgensen, Jutta M. Adelin
name: Bovet, Pascal
name: Motala, Ayesha A.
name: Sandhu, Manjinder S.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Social determinants of health
Leisure-time physical activity
Physical activity
Sub-Saharan Africa
Occupational physical activity
Active travel
Global physical activity questionnaire
Recreation
Equity
Urbanisation
Mechanisation

description: Abstract: Background: Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is an important contributor to total physical activity and the focus of many interventions promoting activity in high-income populations. Little is known about LTPA in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and with expected declines in physical activity due to rapid urbanisation and lifestyle changes we aimed to assess the sociodemographic differences in the prevalence of LTPA in the adult populations of this region to identify potential barriers for equitable participation. Methods: A two-step individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted using data collected in SSA through 10 population health surveys that included the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. For each sociodemographic characteristic, the pooled adjusted prevalence and risk ratios (RRs) for participation in LTPA were calculated using the random effects method. Between-study heterogeneity was explored through meta-regression analyses and tests for interaction. Results: Across the 10 populations (N = 26,022), 18.9% (95%CI: 14.3, 24.1; I2 = 99.0%) of adults (≥ 18 years) participated in LTPA. Men were more likely to participate in LTPA compared with women (RR for women: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.32, 0.60; P < 0.001; I2 = 97.5%), while age was inversely associated with participation. Higher levels of education were associated with increased LTPA participation (RR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.09, 1.55; P = 0.004; I2 = 98.1%), with those living in rural areas or self-employed less likely to participate in LTPA. These associations remained after adjusting for time spent physically active at work or through active travel. Conclusions: In these populations, participation in LTPA was low, and strongly associated with sex, age, education, self-employment and urban residence. Identifying the potential barriers that reduce participation in these groups is necessary to enable equitable access to the health and social benefits associated with LTPA.
Transversely trapping surfaces: Dynamical version
Creators: name: Yoshino, Hirotaka
name: Izumi, Keisuke
name: Shiromizu, Tetsuya
name: Tomikawa, Yoshimune
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose new concepts, a dynamically transversely trapping surface (DTTS) and a marginally DTTS, as indicators for a strong gravity region. A DTTS is defined as a two-dimensional closed surface on a spacelike hypersurface such that photons emitted from arbitrary points on it in transverse directions are acceleratedly contracted in time, and a marginally DTTS is reduced to the photon sphere in spherically symmetric cases. (Marginally) DTTSs have a close analogy with (marginally) trapped surfaces in many aspects. After preparing the method of solving for a marginally DTTS in the time-symmetric initial data and the momentarily stationary axisymmetric initial data, some examples of marginally DTTSs are numerically constructed for systems of two black holes in the Brill-Lindquist initial data and in the Majumdar-Papapetrou spacetimes. Furthermore, the area of a DTTS is proved to satisfy the Penrose-like inequality, $A_0\le 4π(3GM)^2$, under some assumptions. Differences and connections between a DTTS and the other two concepts proposed by us previously, a loosely trapped surface [arXiv:1701.00564] and a static/stationary transversely trapping surface [arXiv:1704.04637], are also discussed. A (marginally) DTTS provides us with a theoretical tool to significantly advance our understanding of strong gravity fields. Also, since DTTSs are located outside the event horizon, they could possibly be related with future observations of strong gravity regions in dynamical evolutions.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures, figures improved, minor corrections, published version
Dopaminergic drug treatment remediates exaggerated cingulate prediction error responses in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Creators: name: Murray, Graham K.
name: Knolle, Franziska
name: Ersche, Karen D.
name: Craig, Kevin J.
name: Abbott, Sanja
name: Shabbir, Shaila S.
name: Fineberg, Naomi A.
name: Suckling, John
name: Sahakian, Barbara J.
name: Bullmore, Edward T.
name: Robbins, Trevor W.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Original Investigation
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Amisulpride
Pramipexole
Reward learning
Prediction error
Anterior cingulate
Nucleus accumbens
Computational model

description: Abstract: Rationale: Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been found to show exaggerated error responses and prediction error learning signals in a variety of EEG and fMRI tasks, with data converging on the anterior cingulate cortex as a key locus of dysfunction. Considerable evidence has linked prediction error processing to dopaminergic function. Objective: In this study, we investigate potential dopaminergic dysfunction during reward processing in the context of OCD. Methods: We studied OCD patients (n = 18) and controls (n = 18) whilst they learned probabilistic associations between abstract stimuli and monetary rewards in the fMRI scanner involving administration (on separate visits) of a dopamine receptor agonist, pramipexole 0.5 mg; a dopamine receptor antagonist, amisulpride 400 mg; and placebo. We fitted a Q-learning computational model to fMRI prediction error responses; group differences were examined in anterior cingulate and nucleus accumbens regions of interest. Results: There were no significant group, drug, or interaction effects in the number of correct choices; computational modeling suggested a marginally significant difference in learning rates between groups (p = 0.089, partial ƞ2 = 0.1). In the imaging results, there was a significant interaction of group by drug (p = 0.013, partial ƞ2 = 0.13). OCD patients showed abnormally strong cingulate signaling of prediction errors during omission of an expected reward, with unexpected reduction by both pramipexole and amisulpride (p = 0.014, partial ƞ2 = 0.26, 1-β error probability = 0.94). Exaggerated cingulate prediction error signaling to omitted reward in placebo was related to trait subjective difficulty in self-regulating behavior in OCD. Conclusions: Our data support cingulate dysfunction during reward processing in OCD, and bidirectional remediation by dopaminergic modulation, suggesting that exaggerated cingulate error signals in OCD may be of dopaminergic origin. The results help to illuminate the mechanisms through which dopamine receptor antagonists achieve therapeutic benefit in OCD. Further research is needed to disentangle the different functions of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists during bidirectional modulation of cingulate activation.
Evaluating diagnostic strategies for early detection of cancer: the CanTest framework
Creators: name: Walter, Fiona M.
name: Thompson, Matthew J.
name: Wellwood, Ian
name: Abel, Gary A.
name: Hamilton, William
name: Johnson, Margaret
name: Lyratzopoulos, Georgios
name: Messenger, Michael P.
name: Neal, Richard D.
name: Rubin, Greg
name: Singh, Hardeep
name: Spencer, Anne
name: Sutton, Stephen
name: Vedsted, Peter
name: Emery, Jon D.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Research Article
Cancer
Diagnostic strategies
Early detection
Diagnosis
Conceptual framework
Primary care

description: Abstract: Background: Novel diagnostic triage and testing strategies to support early detection of cancer could improve clinical outcomes. Most apparently promising diagnostic tests ultimately fail because of inadequate performance in real-world, low prevalence populations such as primary care or general community populations. They should therefore be systematically evaluated before implementation to determine whether they lead to earlier detection, are cost-effective, and improve patient safety and quality of care, while minimising over-investigation and over-diagnosis. Methods: We performed a systematic scoping review of frameworks for the evaluation of tests and diagnostic approaches. Results: We identified 16 frameworks: none addressed the entire continuum from test development to impact on diagnosis and patient outcomes in the intended population, nor the way in which tests may be used for triage purposes as part of a wider diagnostic strategy. Informed by these findings, we developed a new framework, the ‘CanTest Framework’, which proposes five iterative research phases forming a clear translational pathway from new test development to health system implementation and evaluation. Conclusion: This framework is suitable for testing in low prevalence populations, where tests are often applied for triage testing and incorporated into a wider diagnostic strategy. It has relevance for a wide range of stakeholders including patients, policymakers, purchasers, healthcare providers and industry.
Additional file 2 of Systematic examination of publicly-available information reveals the diverse and extensive corporate political activity of the food industry in Australia
Creators: name: Mialon, Melissa
name: Swinburn, Boyd
name: Allender, Steven
name: Sacks, Gary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Sources of information and searches conducted in Australia, based on methods developed by Mialon et al. [5]. (DOCX 43 kb)
Pinodytes punctatus Peck & Cook 2011
Creators: name: Peck, Stewart B.
name: Cook, Joyce
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Leiodidae
Pinodytes
Pinodytes punctatus

description: Pinodytes punctatus species group
 Diagnosis. This monotypic group is defined by the following combination of characters: head and pronotal microsculpture reticulate; antennomere 7 clearly larger than 8; male protibia slender, evenly widened to apex; male protarsomeres and mesotarsomeres bearing two rows of thin, broad phanerae ventrally; male protarsomeres and mesotarsomeres bearing two rows of thin, broad phanerae ventrally; mesoventritesl longitudinal carina not excavated anteriorly; median lobe of aedeagus elongate, moderately broad, flat; parameres moderately narrow, not reaching apex of median lobe, each bearing two apical setae.
description: Published as part of Peck, Stewart B. & Cook, Joyce, 2011, Systematics, distributions and bionomics of the Catopocerini (eyeless soil fungivore beetles) of North America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Catopocerinae) 3077, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 3077 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3077.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5243536
Superfluid to normal phase transition and extreme regularity of superdeformed bands
Creators: name: Pavlichenkov, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the exact semiclassical expression for the second inertial parameter $\cal B$ for the superfluid and normal phases. Interpolation between these limiting values shows that the function ${\cal B}(I)$ changes sign at the spin $I_c$, which is critical for a rotational spectrum. The quantity $\cal B$ turns out to be a sensitive measure of the change in static pairing correlations. The superfluid-to-normal transition reveals itself in the specific variation of the ratio ${\cal B}/{\cal A}$ versus spin $I$ with the plateau characteristic of the normal phase. We find this dependence to be universal for normal deformed and superdeformed bands. The long plateau with a small value ${\cal B}/{\cal A}\sim A^{-8/3}$ explains the extreme regularity of superdeformed bands.
description: 30 pages in LaTeX, 6 figures (PostScript). To be published in Yadernaya Fizika (Physics of Atomic Nuclei), special edition dedecated to the 90th birthday of Prof. I. I. Gurevith
Time-sync Video Tag Extraction Using Semantic Association Graph
Creators: name: Yang, Wenmian
name: Wang, Kun
name: Ruan, Na
name: Gao, Wenyuan
name: Jia, Weijia
name: Zhao, Wei
name: Liu, Nan
name: Zhang, Yunyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Time-sync comments reveal a new way of extracting the online video tags. However, such time-sync comments have lots of noises due to users' diverse comments, introducing great challenges for accurate and fast video tag extractions. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised video tag extraction algorithm named Semantic Weight-Inverse Document Frequency (SW-IDF). Specifically, we first generate corresponding semantic association graph (SAG) using semantic similarities and timestamps of the time-sync comments. Second, we propose two graph cluster algorithms, i.e., dialogue-based algorithm and topic center-based algorithm, to deal with the videos with different density of comments. Third, we design a graph iteration algorithm to assign the weight to each comment based on the degrees of the clustered subgraphs, which can differentiate the meaningful comments from the noises. Finally, we gain the weight of each word by combining Semantic Weight (SW) and Inverse Document Frequency (IDF). In this way, the video tags are extracted automatically in an unsupervised way. Extensive experiments have shown that SW-IDF (dialogue-based algorithm) achieves 0.4210 F1-score and 0.4932 MAP (Mean Average Precision) in high-density comments, 0.4267 F1-score and 0.3623 MAP in low-density comments; while SW-IDF (topic center-based algorithm) achieves 0.4444 F1-score and 0.5122 MAP in high-density comments, 0.4207 F1-score and 0.3522 MAP in low-density comments. It has a better performance than the state-of-the-art unsupervised algorithms in both F1-score and MAP.
description: Accepted by ACM TKDD 2019
First Measurement of pi e -> pi e gamma Pion Virtual Compton Scattering
Creators: name: FNAL SELEX Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pion Virtual Compton Scattering (VCS) via the reaction pi e --> pi e gamma was observed in the Fermilab E781 SELEX experiment. SELEX used a 600 GeV/c pi- beam incident on target atomic electrons, detecting the incident pi- and the final state pi-, electron and gamma. Theoretical predictions based on chiral perturbation theory are incorporated into a Monte Carlo simulation of the experiment and are compared to the data. The number of reconstructed events (9) and their distribution with respect to the kinematic variables (for the kinematic region studied) are in reasonable accord with the predictions. The corresponding pi- VCS experimental cross section is sigma=38.8+-13 nb, in agreement with the theoretical expectation sigma=34.7 nb.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables, 25 references, SELEX home page is http://fn781a.fnal.gov/, revised July 21, 2002 in response to journal referee Comments
Two Experiments on the Difference between Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Accept
Creators: name: Macnab, Bruce J.
name: Adamowicz, Wiktor L.
name: Macnab, Bruce J.
name: Adamowicz, Wiktor L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: "Willingness to pay" (WTP) and "willingness to accept" (WTA) measures of welfare change typically differ substantially when elicited from surveys or market transactions. This finding is contrary to the expectations of standard economic theory which suggests that these two measures should be relatively similar in magnitude. Several possible explanations for this anomaly are reviewed. This study focuses on one explanation, that the availability of substitutes for the good being evaluated affects the difference between the two measures. Two experiments are conducted. First, a contingent valuation survey valuing movie tickets is administered to classes of university students. Second, the results of a survey of big game hunters are examined for evidence supporting various hypotheses on the nature of the divergence between WTP and WTA. It is concluded that there is little, if any, evidence of the availability of substitutes affecting WTP-WTA differences.
Determination of Neutrino mixing parameters after SNO oscillation evidence
Creators: name: Aliani, P.
name: Antonelli, V.
name: Picariello, M.
name: Ferrari, R.
name: Torrente-Lujan, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An updated analysis of all available neutrino oscillation evidence in Solar experiments (SK day and night spectra, global rates from Homestake, SAGE and GALLEX) including the latest SNO CC and NC data is presented. Assuming that the shape of the SNO CC energy spectrum is undistorted and using the information provided by SNO we obtain, for the fraction of electron neutrinos remaining in the solar beam at energies $\gsim 5$ MeV: $ϕ_{CC}/ϕ_{NC}=0.34^{+0.05}_{-0.04},$ which is nominally $\sim 30σ$ away from the standard value. The fraction of oscillating neutrinos which into active ones is computed to be: $ (Φ_{NC}-Φ_{CC})/(Φ_{SSM}-Φ_{CC})=0.92^{+0.39}_{-0.20} $ nearly $5σ$ deviations from the pure sterile oscillation case. The data is still compatible with an important fraction of sterile component in the solar beam (up to 20% of the total). In the framework of two active neutrino oscillations we determine individual neutrino mixing parameters and their errors in the region of no spectrum distortion ($Δ< T_e> <1%$), we obtain $Δm^2= 4.5^{+2.7}_{-1.4}\times 10^{-5} \eV^2, \quad \tan^2θ=0.40^{+0.10}_{-0.08}. $ This is in agreement with the best $chi^2$ solution in the LMA region.
(Bosonic)Mass Meets (Extrinsic)Curvature
Creators: name: Tolksdorf, Juergen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53Z05;53C80

description: In this paper we discuss the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking from the point view of vacuum pairs, considered as ground states of a Yang-Mills-Higgs gauge theory. We treat a vacuum as a section in an appropriate bundle that is naturally associated with a minimum of a (general) Higgs potential. Such a vacuum spontaneously breaks the underlying gauge symmetry if the invariance group of the vacuum is a proper subgroup of the gauge group. We show that each choice of a vacuum admits to geometrically interpret the bosonic mass matrices as ``normal'' sections. The spectrum of these sections turns out to be constant over the manifold and independent of the chosen vacuum. Since the mass matrices commute with the invariance group of the chosen vacuum one may decompose the Hermitian vector bundles which correspond to the bosons in the eigenbundles of the bosonic mass matrices. This decomposition is the geometrical analogue of the physical notion of a ``particle multplet''. In this sense the basic notion of a ``free particle'' also makes sense within the geometrical context of a gauge theory, provided the gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken by some vacuum. We also discuss the Higgs-Kibble mechanism (``Higgs Dinner'') from a geometrical point of view. It turns out that the ``unitary gauge'', usually encountered in the context of discussing the Higgs Dinner, is of purely geometrical origin. In particular, we discuss rotationally symmetric Higgs potentials and give a necessary and sufficient condition for the unitary gauge to exist. As a specific example we discuss in some detail the electroweak sector of the standard model of particle physics in this context.
description: 26 pages
Charmonium - Pion Cross Section from QCD Sum Rules
Creators: name: Navarra, F. S.
name: Nielsen, M.
name: de Carvalho, R. S. Marques
name: Krein, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $J/ψπ\to \bar{D} D^*, \bar{D} D$, ${\bar D}^* D^*$ and ${\bar D} D^*$ cross sections as a function of $\sqrt{s}$ are evaluated in a QCD sum rule calculation. We study the Borel sum rule for the four point function involving pseudoscalar and vector meson currents, up to dimension four in the operator product expansion. We find that our results are smaller than the $J/ψπ\to {charmed mesons}$ cross sections obtained with models based on meson exchange, but are close to those obtained with quark exchange models.
description: revised version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
The rise and fall of an extraordinary Ca-rich transient -- The discovery of ATLAS19dqr/SN 2019bkc
Creators: name: Prentice, S. J.
name: Maguire, K.
name: Flörs, A.
name: Taubenberger, S.
name: Inserra, C.
name: Frohmaier, C.
name: Chen, T. W.
name: Anderson, J. P.
name: Ashall, C.
name: Clark, P.
name: Fraser, M.
name: Galbany, L.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Gromadzki, M.
name: Gutiérrez, C. P.
name: James, P. A.
name: Jonker, P. G.
name: Kankare, E.
name: Leloudas, G.
name: Magee, M. R.
name: Mazzali, P. A.
name: Nicholl, M.
name: Pursiainen, M.
name: Skillen, K.
name: Smartt, S. J.
name: Smith, K. W.
name: Vogl, C.
name: Young, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents the observations and analysis of ATLAS19dqr/SN 2019bkc, an extraordinary rapidly evolving transient event located in an isolated environment, tens of kiloparsecs from any likely host. Its light curves rise to maximum light in $5-6$ d and then display a decline of $Δm_{15} \sim5$ mag. With such a pronounced decay, it has one of the most rapidly evolving light curves known for a stellar explosion. The early spectra show similarities to normal and `ultra-stripped' type Ic SNe, but the early nebular phase spectra, which were reached just over two weeks after explosion, display prominent calcium lines, marking SN 2019bkc as a Ca-rich transient. The Ca emission lines at this phase show an unprecedented and unexplained blueshift of 10,000 -- 12,000 km/s. Modelling of the light curve and the early spectra suggests that the transient had a low ejecta mass of $0.2 - 0.4$ M$_\odot$ and a low kinetic energy of $ (2-4)\times 10^{50}$ erg, giving a specific kinetic energy $\sim1$ [$10^{51}$ erg]/M$_\odot$. The origin of this event cannot be unambiguously defined. While the abundance distribution used to model the spectra marginally favours a progenitor of white dwarf origin through the tentative identification of \ArII, the specific kinetic energy, which is defined by the explosion mechanism, is found to be more similar to an ultra-stripped core-collapse events. SN 2019bkc adds to the diverse range of physical properties shown by Ca-rich events.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Minor changes to section 4.3, some minor discussion added regarding opacities and line identification
Additional file 1 of Community-based geographical distribution of Mycobacterium ulcerans VNTR-genotypes from the environment and humans in the Nyong valley, Cameroon
Creators: name: Zeukeng, Francis
name: Ablordey, Anthony
name: Kakou-Ngazoa, Solange E.
name: Ghogomu, Stephen Mbigha
name: Coulibaly, David N’golo
name: Nsoga, Marie Thérèse Ngo
name: Mbacham, Wilfred Fon
name: Bigoga, Jude Daiga
name: Rousseau Djouaka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Distribution of sampled water bodies within the study sites in Akonolinga health district.
In situ structure and assembly of the multidrug efflux pump AcrAB-TolC
Creators: name: Shi, Xiaodong
name: Chen, Muyuan
name: Yu, Zhili
name: Bell, James M.
name: Wang, Hans
name: Forrester, Isaac
name: Villarreal, Heather
name: Jakana, Joanita
name: Du, Dijun
name: Luisi, Ben F.
name: Ludtke, Steven J.
name: Wang, Zhao
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
/631/45/535/1258/1260
/631/326/41/2536
/101/28
/82/80
/147/143
article

description: Abstract: Multidrug efflux pumps actively expel a wide range of toxic substrates from the cell and play a major role in intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. In Gram-negative bacteria, these pumps form tripartite assemblies that span the cell envelope. However, the in situ structure and assembly mechanism of multidrug efflux pumps remain unknown. Here we report the in situ structure of the Escherichia coli AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump obtained by electron cryo-tomography and subtomogram averaging. The fully assembled efflux pump is observed in a closed state under conditions of antibiotic challenge and in an open state in the presence of AcrB inhibitor. We also observe intermediate AcrAB complexes without TolC and discover that AcrA contacts the peptidoglycan layer of the periplasm. Our data point to a sequential assembly process in living bacteria, beginning with formation of the AcrAB subcomplex and suggest domains to target with efflux pump inhibitors.
“Sovereign” Islam and Tatar “Aqīdah”: normative religious narratives and grassroots criticism amongst Tatarstan’s Muslims
Creators: name: Benussi, Matteo
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Article
Post-soviet Tatarstan
Islam in Russia
Traditional Islam
State-Muslim relations in Russia
Grassroots criticism
Civil society after socialism

description: Funder: University of Cambridge
description: Abstract: “Traditional Islam” has emerged in the post-Soviet Republic of Tatarstan (Russian Federation) as a powerful if contentious discursive trope. In this paper, I look at traditional Islam and its conceptual twin, “non-traditional Islam”, as normative governmental tools aimed at defining acceptable or unwelcome form of religious commitment in an environment in which the rapid success of Sunni piety trends after socialism’s end has exacerbated the anxieties of both state institutions and a predominantly secular public. Traditional Islam’s multiple facets are explored, with particular attention given to the aspects of heritage-making, at the local (republican) level, and loyalty-fostering at the national (all-Russian) level. The concept’s genealogy, spanning different phases of Soviet and post-Soviet history, is analysed in detail. In addition, I focus on the reception of the traditional/non-traditional Islam discourse amongst grassroots pious Muslims, highlighting instances of criticism, lampooning, rejection, but also qualified acceptance. The concluding sections of my paper touch on “theological” traditional Islam’s potential and limitations for expanding civil society and harnessing grassroots enthusiasm.
Nuclear magnetic dipole properties and the triaxial deformation
Creators: name: Sun, Yang
name: Sheikh, Javid A.
name: Long, Gui-Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear magnetic dipole properties of ground bands and gamma-vibrational bands are studied for the first time using the triaxial projected shell model approach. The study is carried out for the Dy and Er isotopic chains, ranging from transitional to well-deformed region. It is found that the g-factor ratio of the 2^+ state in ground bands to that of gamma-bands, r=g(2^+, gamma-vib)/g(2^+, ground), varies along an isotopic chain. With the gamma-deformations, which best reproduce the energy levels for both bands, we obtain a qualitative agreement with the experimental data. This result thus suggests that study of the ratio may provide an important information on the triaxial deformation of a nuclear system. The angular-momentum dependence of the ground band g-factor on the triaxial deformation is also investigated.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, final version accepted by Phys. lett. B
2005-Riscos associados entre a ocupação humana e o quadro geomorfológico na regional Venda Nova – Belo Horizonte - MG.pdf
Creators: name: Macedo, Diego
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 40601 Geomorphology and Regolith and Landscape Evolution
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: A Regional Venda Nova, localizada na porção norte do município de Belo Horizonte, apresenta um padrão de ocupação diversificado, fruto das diferentes fases de sua ocupação, dentro do contexto do município. Desta forma, observa-se ocupação humana ocorrendo desde terrenos de baixa declividade, passando por nascentes, fundos de vales fluviais, e até mesmo em anfiteatros e encostas com declividades superiores a 47%. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho realiza uma analise, com o auxilio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento, das condições geomorfológicas e da ocupação sócio-econômica (através dos setores censitários do IBGE) da Regional Venda Nova. Desta forma, os riscos relativos dentro da área de estudo podem ser analisados em conjunto (fragilidade natural do terreno com as características sócio-econômicas de seus habitantes) com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios para um gerenciamento racional do ambiente urbano.
Nanomechanical Characterization and Tensile Test of Polymer nanocomposites
Creators: name: Oleiwi, Jawad K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90301 Biomaterials
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 91202 Composite and Hybrid Materials
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Nanoindentation is a powerful technique to determine various mechanical properties of materials at the nanoscale, such as for example young’s modulus and hardness. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a material that is widely used in medicine because its mechanical properties show excellent similarity to those of human bone. PEEK is a synthetic polymer being used increasingly as a implant material due to its iso-elastic nature and enhanced mechanical properties. This study presents the effect of PEEK specimens incorporated with (0, 0.5,1&1.5) wt% nano hydroxyapatite (nHA) and nano titanium oxide (nTiO2) processed by compounding and hot press. The main objective of this study is to conduct a manufacturing experiment nano polyetheretherketone composite for characterization of its mechanical properties using a tensile test and nanoindentation techniques of mechanical tests. The results of mechanical tests exhibit improvments of youngs modulus, hardness and ultimate tensile strength at 1.5 wt % for two types of reinforcement but the higher values obtained when reinforced by (nHA). In addition the elastic modulus determined by the nanoindentation technique differs from the results obtained from tensile test by (14-38)%. The results also showed that the highest value obtained for ultimate tensile strength and hardness was (79.457Mpa, 0.3256743 GPa) respectively.
The implementation of pharmacogenomics into UK general practice: a qualitative study exploring barriers, challenges and opportunities
Creators: name: Rafi, I.
name: Crinson, I.
name: Dawes, M.
name: Rafi, D.
name: Pirmohamed, M.
name: Walter, F. M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Original Article

description: Funder: St. George's University of London
description: Abstract: Pharmacogenomics describes interpatient genetic variability in drug responses. Information based on whole genome sequencing will soon open up the field of pharmacogenomics and facilitate the use of genomic information relating to drug metabolism and drug responses. We undertook a qualitative study, aiming to explore the potential barriers, opportunities and challenges facing the implementation of pharmacogenomics into primary care. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 18 clinical participants (16 GPs and 2 other clinicians). All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using a thematic analysis approach, data items were coded, ordered and themes constructed. Most participants were aged 55–60 years and worked as part-time clinical GPs with other clearly defined roles. The emerging themes covered several areas of concern, including the following: the utility of pharmacogenomics and the value of introducing such testing into primary care; how to educate the primary care workforce and ‘mainstream’ pharmacogenomics; the ethical, legal and social aspects of pharmacogenomics and its impact on patients; and potential impacts on the healthcare system particularly around economics and informatics. Most participants had concerns about pharmacogenomics and felt that there were a number of barriers and challenges to its implementation into routine primary care. Most striking were their concerns around the cost-effectiveness of using pharmacogenomics in primary care. At the same time most recognised the increasing availability of direct-to-consumer testing, and felt that this would drive the need to understand the ethical and social implications of using genomic information in primary care. This study has raised important issues that need to be considered when planning the implementation of pharmacogenomics into clinical practice. Prior to the implementation of genomic testing into day-to-day practice in UK primary care, it is important that considerations around education, cost-effectiveness and informatics are addressed, as well as the impact on patients.
Probing the surface of synthetic opals with the vanadyl-containing crude oil by using EPR and ENDOR techniques
Creators: name: Gafurov, Marat
name: Galukhin, Andrey
name: Osin, Yuri
name: Murzakhanov, Fadis
name: Gracheva, Irina
name: Mamin, Georgy
name: Orlinskii, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Porous silica materials offer wide range of possibilities for enhancement of the productivity of oil reservoirs. However the mechanism of adsorption of polar components of crude oil on silica surface is poorly understood that hinders technological improvement of supports and oil extraction. We have synthesized opal films with the silica microspheres size of about 360 nm, specific surface area of 5.2 m2/g and pore size of 230 nm. We have fractionated and characterized oil and oil asphaltenes from heavy (Ashalchinskoe) oil. By pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and double electron nuclear resonance (ENDOR) in the W band frequency range (microwave frequency of 94 GHz, magnetic field of 3.4 T) we have studied the adsorption of oil asphaltenes on the surface of opal samples using the intrinsic for asphaltenes paramagnetic vanadylporphyrins (VO) complexes. 1H ENDOR spectra are found to be different for initial and the adsorbed samples in their central parts (that is a sign of asphaltenes VO disaggregation) whereas no significant changes in the W band EPR spectra were detected. Contrasting to alumina support, no strong electron proton interaction with the protons on the surface of SiO2 (presumably, silanol groups) was found and infiltration of the oiled opal films with gasoline changes the central part of 1H ENDOR spectra. It shows that the proton containing groups on the surface of amorphous SiO2 sample can significantly change the asphaltene adsorption properties and ENDOR of the intrinsic for oil paramagnetic centers could be used for the characterization of surface state in porous media in situ or operando.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 43 references
Price Spreads and Cost Analyses for Finfish and Shellfish Products at Different Marketing Levels (Revised)
Creators: name: Penn, Erwin S.
name: Penn, Erwin S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Price data of this study cover the period 1950-71 for finfish and 1959-71 for shellfish when prices at all levels were available. The report does not include the prices later than 1971 because prices at the processor's level of different fish products have not been published since then. As a result of an unparalleled pattern of price variations developed in 1972 and the early part of 1973 (for prices available at levels other than the processor's), price relationships among various marketing levels tend to reflect a perspective somewhat deviate from that projected in the present study. The deviationis particularly noticeable in the price relationshop with the ex-vessel level where prices were not frozen while those at other levels were during Phase II of price controls. Before the price freeze in August 1971, meat price increase outpaced fish prices for the first time in a long interval because of shortages of meat supply. These prices were frozen at the same high level in 1972. After the relaxation of price control in early 1973, meat prices went up further at a galloping pace. A price ceiling was imposed on meat products shortly afterward. All these incidences within a short period of time and other proposals in the wind would serve only to create disparities between meat farmer's share and fisherman's share of the consumer's dollar from the trends established in this study. In addition, fish products have a higher percentage of imports than most other major food products. The devaluation of the U.S. dollar twice during the interim period not covered by this study has, therefore, a bullish effect of the prices of fish products, especially at the wholesale and retail levels. Bearing the above qualifications in mind, readers will be able to reconcile the results in this study concluded prior to these changes.