title: Ð¡ÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÐ½ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¹, Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð»ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ñ Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ²Ð°, Ð² ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐµ in vitro
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Comparative study of biocompatibility of polymer constructions intended for prevention and treatment of surgical apparatus insurance in the in vitro experiment
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°, ÐÐ°ÑÑÑ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2021
Subjects: ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑ
ÐÐ»ÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÐ½ÑÐµ
ÐÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ
Ð¦ÐµÐ»Ð»ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð·Ð°
ÐÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð¸
Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ¾Ð²
Ð½ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð°Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð·Ð°
Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð°Ð½
Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð´
hardware seam
anastomotic leakage
biocompatibility
chitosan
polylactide

description: ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ÑÑ in vitro Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÐ½ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð°, Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð»ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÑÐ³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ²Ð°. ÐÐ°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµ ÑÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð´Ðµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ: 1) ÐÐ·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðº Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÐ´Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð´Ð° Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ ÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð³Ð¸Ð´ÑÐ¾ÐºÑÐ¸Ð°Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐ°, ÑÐ¿Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð´Ð° Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ±ÑÐ°, Ð±Ð°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐµÐ»Ð»ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð·Ñ, ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð° Ð¸ ÑÐ¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÐ° Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð´Ð° Ñ Ð³Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð¼ Ð½Ð° Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ·ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐ¾Ðº Ð¸ ÑÐ¸Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½ÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð¶Ð¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÑ (ÐºÑÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÐ²Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ¹); 2) ÐÐ·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ð¸Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðº Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ HeLa Ð² ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ÑÑ 72-ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ; 3) ÐÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð° Ð² ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸ÐºÐµ Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð±Ð¸Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðº ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð°. Ð ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð»ÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¼ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¼ Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð»Ð° Ð¿Ð»ÑÐ½ÐºÐ° Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÐ´Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð´Ð° Ð±ÐµÐ· Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð²Ð¾Ðº. Ð Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð½Ð° Ð±Ð°Ð·Ðµ Ð¤ÐÐÐ£ Â«ÐÐÐÐ¦ Ð¸Ð¼ Ð. Ð. ÐÐ»Ð¼Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Â» ÐÐ Ð Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸, ÐÐ½ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÑ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼ÐµÐ´Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ, ÐÐÐ Ð±Ð¸Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÐ·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÐºÐ°ÑÐ´Ð¸Ð¾-Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸, Ð³Ð´Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð»Ð°ÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÑÑ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ: Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ Ð¼ÐµÐ·ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐ¾Ðº ÑÐ²Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¸ Ð¸ ÐºÑÑÑÑ Ð² Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÐµ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðº ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð°, ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÑÐ° Ð½Ð° Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐ¾Ðº Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¾ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐºÐ¸ ÑÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÐ¼ ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼, ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¸ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ HeLa Ð² ÑÐµÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ xCelligence. ÐÑÐ» Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ, Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð¶Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐ¾Ðº Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðº, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ. ÐÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ: ÑÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐºÐ° ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐ¾Ðº ÑÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÐ¼ ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¼ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð¼ ÐºÐ»ÐµÑÐ¾Ðº Ð² ÐºÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÐµ ÐÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ²Ð°, Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ, Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ, Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ xCelligence. ÐÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÐµ Ð¿Ð»ÑÐ½ÐºÐ¸ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ, Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ ÐÐ½ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð²ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ¾ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð ÐÐ. ÐÐ¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÐµÐ¹ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿ÐµÑÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð½ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÑÐ³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ²Ð° Ð¿Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðº Ñ ÑÐµÐ»ÑÑ ÑÐ»ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ð±Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÑÐ¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð°Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð·Ð°.
description: This work is devoted to the in vitro study of the biocompatibility of polymer structures of various compositions intended for the prevention and treatment of surgical hardware seam leakage. The research set the following goals: 1) Study of the effect of films based on medical polylactide with the addition of synthetic hydroxyapatite, packaging polylactide with the addition of silver nanoparticles, bacterial cellulose, chitosan and copolymer lactide with glycolide on the morphology and viability of mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts of different animal species (rats and pigs); 2) Study of the effect of biopolymer films on the proliferative activity of the HeLa cell line under 72-hour exposure; 3) Analysis of the comparative characteristics of the biocompatibility of biopolymer films of different compositions. As a result of the study, the best biocompatibility has a film based on medical polylactide without any additives. The work was fulfilled on the premises of Almazov National Medical Research Centre, the Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Bioprosthetics and Cardiac Protection, where a significant part of the experimental data was collected: microphotographs of the morphological picture of fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells of pigs and rats in the dynamics of exposure to films of various compositions, the results of a test for cell viability using trypan blue, the results of flow cytometry and the results of a study of the proliferative activity of the HeLa cell line in real time using xCelligence systems. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out and diagrams were constructed that reflect the cell viability under the influence of the studied films, as well as their proliferative activity. The following methods were used: supravital cell staining with trypan blue with cell counting in the Goryaev chamber, microscopy, flow cytometry, and evaluation of proliferative activity using the xCelligence system. The studied films were obtained, studied and provided by the Institute of macromolecular compounds Russian academy of sciences. The results obtained can be used for further modifications of films that are promising for the prevention of surgical seam leakage to improve the biocompatibility indicators and increase the reliability of the anatomosis.