cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Regulation of cell cycle duration, cell size and life history in the ciliate sterkiella histriomuscorum
Creators: name: Adl, Sina M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: As eukaryotic cells grow and divide, their size remains within a limited range despite changes in resources available. Understanding cell cycle regulation can help understand how size constancy is achieved and provide the molecular and physiological clues to size regulation. However, it is not always obvious how to reconcile the physiological behaviour of cells with this molecular information. We chose the ciliate Sterkiella histriomuscorum (Oxytrichidae) to obtain new insights into size regulation. This organism re-adjusts its cell dimensions as resources diminish. It exits the cell cycle for conjugation or encystment when resources are scarce. A general model is proposed for ciliate cell cycle regulation and the cell cycle of Sterkiella was described within this context. Conditions for inducing conjugation, encystment and excystment were determined to obtain synchronous cultures, and to describe the timing of each process. Observations on the effect of clonal ageing on each process is described. These allow one to manipulate the organism predictably in the laboratory. The consequences of changes in food particle size, prey species, prey abundance and temperature on the size and cell cycle duration of Sterkiella were explained using Michaelis- Menten kinetics. Two parameters (Pmin and Pdiv) were then described and calculated, that were useful in predicting tendencies of cultures with one or two prey species. Two approaches were taken to understand this regulation of cell size physiologically. First, an attempt was made to find out if cAMP is an important regulator of cell cycle progression and duration of growth. Some ciliate "fat" mutants were rescued by drug treatments with inhibitors of kinases. Second, the c d mutant was rescued by transformation with a partial DNA library from wild type Paramecium. However, the rescuing element was not the c d gene. Finally, cell size regulation in several protists is provided with a unified jargon, from a physiological and molecular perspective. This allowed for the first time, a comparison of regulatory processes between species and the development of several ideas regarding cell size regulation. Several principles are proposed as generalities for testing.
Lexical and semantic elicitation: Nouns and bare noun interpretation
Creators: name: Kipkoech, Linus
name: Bossi, Madeline
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: sgc

description: One .mp4 file and one .pdf file. Elicitation of nouns in search of epistemic indefinites. Elicitation of epistemic indefinites in various contexts.
On Spectral Flow Symmetry and Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov Equation
Creators: name: Giribet, Gaston
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that five-point function in Liouville field theory provides a representation of solutions of the SL(2,R)_k Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation at the level of four-point function. Here, we make use of such representation to study some aspects of the spectral flow symmetry of sl(2)_k affine algebra and its action on the observables of the WZNW theory. To illustrate the usefulness of this method we rederive the three-point function that violates the winding number in SL(2,R) in a very succinct way. In addition, we prove several identities holding between exact solutions of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation.
description: 10 pages, no figures. v2: Typos corrected, formula and references added. v3: typo corrected in equation (20)
Asymmetric Si-slot Coupler with Nonreciprocal Response Based on Graphene Saturable Absorption
Creators: name: Pitilakis, Alexandros
name: Chatzidimitriou, Dimitrios
name: Yioultsis, Traianos V.
name: Kriezis, Emmanouil E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the study of a proof-of-concept integrated device that can be used as a nonlinear broadband isolator. The device is based on the asymmetric loading of a highly-confining silicon-slot photonic coupler with graphene layers, whose ultrafast and low-threshold saturable absorption can be exploited for nonreciprocal transmission between the cross-ports of the coupler. The structure is essentially a non-Hermitian system, whose exceptional points are briefly discussed. The nonlinear device is modeled with a coupled Schrodinger equation system whose validity is checked by full-vector finite element-based beam-propagation method simulations in CW. The numerically computed performance reveals a nonreciprocal intensity range (NRIR) in the vicinity of 100 mW peak power with a bandwidth spanning tens of nanometers, from CW down to ps-long pulses. Finally, the combination of saturable absorption and self-phase modulation (Kerr effect) in graphene is studied, indicating the existence of two NRIR with opposite directionality.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures. Published online at 5 April 2021 in the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
A Spitzer Search for Infrared Excesses around Massive Young White Dwarfs
Creators: name: Hansen, Brad M. S.
name: Kulkarni, Shri
name: Wiktorowicz, Sloane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine 14 hot white dwarfs for signs of infrared excess using the Spitzer Space Telescope. Twelve of the objects are massive white dwarfs which have been suggested to be the result of binary mergers. The remaining two objects are undermassive white dwarfs which again may be the result of mergers or the inspiral of a substellar companion. In no case do we find any evidence for significant infrared excesses out to wavelengths of 8 microns. This places strong constraints on the presence of orbiting dust and weaker constraints on the presence of close substellar companions.
description: 39 pages, 21 figures, 3 tables, 0 carbs. to appear in the Astronomical Journal (Feb 2006)
Signal to Noise and b-value Analysis for Optimal Intra-Voxel Incoherent Motion Imaging in the Brain
Creators: name: Merisaari, Harri
name: Federau, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) is a method that can provide quantitative information about perfusion in the human body, in vivo, and without contrast agent. Unfortunately, the IVIM perfusion parameter maps are known to be relatively noisy in the brain, in particular for the pseudo-diffusion coefficient, which might hinder its potential broader use in clinical applications. Therefore, we studied the conditions to produce optimal IVIM perfusion images in the brain. IVIM imaging was performed on a 3-Tesla clinical system in four healthy volunteers, with 16 b values 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 110, 140, 170, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 s/mm2, repeated 20 times. We analyzed the noise characteristics of the trace images as a function of b-value, and the homogeneity of the IVIM parameter maps across number of averages and sub-sets of the acquired b values. We found two peaks of noise of the trace images as function of b value, one due to thermal noise at high b-value, and one due to physiological noise at low b-value. The selection of b value distribution was found to have higher impact on the homogeneity of the IVIM parameter maps than the number of averages. Based on evaluations, we suggest an optimal b value acquisition scheme for a 12 min scan as 0 (7), 20 (4), 140 (19), 300 (9), 500 (19), 700 (1), 800 (4), 900 (1) s/mm2.
description: 26 pages, 5 Figures
The Matrix Element Method as a tool for precision and accuracy
Creators: name: Martini, Till
name: Kraus, Manfred
name: Peitzsch, Sascha
name: Uwer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Matrix Element Method is a promising multi-variate analysis tool which offers an optimal approach to compare theory and experiment according to the Neyman-Pearson lemma. However, until recently its usage has been limited by the fact that only leading-order predictions could be employed. The imperfect approximation of the underlying probability distribution can introduce a significant bias into the analysis which requires a major calibration for the method when applied to parameter determination. Moreover, estimating theoretical uncertainties by scale variation may yield unreliable results. We present the extension of the Matrix Element Method to next-to-leading order in QCD applicable to LHC data defined by common jet algorithms. The accuracy gain is illustrated by simulating a top-quark mass determination from single top-quark events generated with POWHEG+PYTHIA. Additionally, the method's potential for BSM parameter determination is demonstrated by simulating the extraction of a CP-violating Top-Yukawa coupling from events of single top-quarks in association with a Higgs boson.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, proccedings to European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics - EPS-HEP2019 - 10-17 July, 2019, Ghent, Belgium
Fünfte Weltkonferenz für Glauben und Kirchenverfassung 1993
Creators: name: Gassmann, Günther
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 41 Nr. 3 (1992): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 41, Heft 3
Broadband THz study of excitonic resonances in the high-density regime
Creators: name: Huber, Rupert
name: Kaindl, Robert A.
name: Schmid, Ben A.
name: Chemla, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first terahertz study of the intra-excitonic 1s-2p transition at high excitation densities in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells. A strong shift, broadening, and ultimately the disappearance of this resonance occurs with increasing density, after ultrafast photoexcitation at the near-infrared exciton line. Densities of excitons and unbound electron-hole pairs are followed quantitatively using a model of the composite terahertz dielectric response. Comparison with near-infrared absorption changes reveals a significantly enhanced energy shift and broadening of the intra-excitonic resonance.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Graphyne as a second-order and real Chern topological insulator in two dimensions
Creators: name: Chen, Cong
name: Wu, Weikang
name: Yu, Zhi-Ming
name: Chen, Ziyu
name: Zhao, Y. X.
name: Sheng, Xian-Lei
name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher-order topological phases and real topological phases are two emerging topics in topological states of matter, which have been attracting considerable research interest. However, it remains a challenge to find realistic materials that can realize these exotic phases. Here, based on first-principles calculations and theoretical analysis, we identify graphyne, the representative of the graphyne-family carbon allotropes, as a two-dimensional (2D) second-order topological insulator and a real Chern insulator. We show that graphyne has a direct bulk band gap at the three $M$ points, forming three valleys. The bulk bands feature a double band inversion, which is characterized by the nontrivial real Chern number enabled by the spacetime-inversion symmetry. The real Chern number is explicitly evaluated by both the Wilson-loop method and the parity approach, and we show that it dictates the existence of Dirac type edge bands and the topological corner states. Furthermore, we find that the topological phase transition in graphyne from the second-order topological insulator to a trivial insulator is mediated by a 2D Weyl semimetal phase. The robustness of the corner states against symmetry breaking and possible experimental detection methods are discussed.
description: 9 pages, 5+3 figures
The environment of dwarf spheroidal satellites; ram pressure, tides and external radiation fields
Creators: name: Mayer, Lucio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the role of environmental mechanisms in the evolution of dwarf galaxy satellites using high-resolution N-Body+SPH simulations that include simultaneously tidal forces, ram pressure and heating from ionizing radiation fields. Tidally induced bar-buckling instabilities can transform a rotating disky dwarf into a pressure supported spheroidal. Efficient gas removal requires instead a combination of tidal mass loss and ram pressure stripping in a diffuse gaseous corona around the primary system. The efficiency of ram pressure depends strongly on how extended the gas remains during the evolution. Bar driven inflows that tend to drive the gas to the bottom of the potential well can be opposed by the heating from ultraviolet radiation. We show that even fairly massive dwarfs ($V_{peak} >$ 30 km/s) would be stripped of their gas over a few Gyr if they enter the Milky Way halo at $z > 2$ thanks to the effect of the cosmic UV background. Gas mass loss can be much faster, occurring in less than 1 Gyr, if dwarf satellites have their first close approach with the primary at the epoch of bulge formation. Indeed at that time the primary galaxy should have a FUV luminosity comparable to that of major present-day starbursts, resulting in a local radiation field even more intense than the cosmic background.
description: 8 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of the IAU Colloquium No. 198,2005, Invited Talk. Comments welcome
Mechanism of current-assisted Bloch-point wall stabilization for ultra fast dynamics
Creators: name: De Riz, A.
name: Hurst, J.
name: Schöbitz, M.
name: Thirion, C.
name: Bachmann, J.
name: Toussaint, J. C.
name: Fruchart, O.
name: Gusakova, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two types of domain walls exist in magnetically soft cylindrical nanowires: the transverse-vortex wall (TVW) and the Bloch-point wall (BPW). The latter is expected to prevent the usual Walker breakdown, and thus enable high domain wall speed. We showed recently [M. Schöbitz \etal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 217201 (2019)] that the previously overlooked OErsted field associated with an electric current is a key in experiments to stabilize the BPW and reach speed above 600 m/s with spin-transfer. Here, we investigate in detail this situation with micromagnetic simulations and modeling. The switching of the azimuthal circulation of the BPW to match that of the OErsted field occurs above a threshold current scaling with $1/R^3$ ($R$ is the wire radius), through mechanisms that may involve the nucleation and/or annihilation of Bloch points. The domain wall dynamics then remains of a below-Walker type, with speed largely determined by spin-transfer torque alone.
Additional file 1 of Macular ganglion cell complex layer thickness measured with spectral-domain OCT in a large population-based cohort study
Creators: name: Lin, Caixia
name: Ma, Lixia
name: Lv, Aiguo
name: Liu, Hongyi
name: Pan, Qing
name: Cao, Kai
name: Jia, Xu
name: Fan, Sujie
name: Wu, Jian
name: Wang, Ningli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Luminous Blue Variables & Mass Loss near the Eddington Limit
Creators: name: Owocki, Stanley P.
name: van Marle, Allard Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the course of their evolution, massive stars lose a substantial fraction of their initial mass, both through steady winds and through relatively brief eruptions during their Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) phase. This talk reviews the dynamical driving of this mass loss, contrasting the line-driving of steady winds to the potential role of continuum driving for eruptions during LBV episodes when the star exceeds the Eddington limit. A key theme is to emphasize the inherent limits that self-shadowing places on line-driven mass loss rates, whereas continuum driving can in principle drive mass up to the "photon-tiring" limit, for which the energy to lift the wind becomes equal to the stellar luminosity. We review how the "porosity" of a highly clumped atmosphere can regulate continuum-driven mass loss, but also discuss recent time-dependent simulations of how base mass flux that exceeds the tiring limit can lead to flow stagnation and a complex, time-dependent combination of inflow and outflow regions. A general result is thus that porosity-mediated continuum driving in super-Eddington phases can explain the large, near tiring-limit mass loss inferred for LBV giant eruptions.
description: Conference proceedings, Massive Stars as Cosmic Engines, IAU Symp 250, ed. F. Bresolin, P. A. Crowther, & J. Puls (Cambridge Univ. Press)
Rotational Disruption of Porous Dust Aggregates due to Gas Flow in Protoplanetary Disks
Creators: name: Tatsuuma, Misako
name: Kataoka, Akimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a possible disruption mechanism of dust grains in planet formation by their spinning motion. This mechanism has been discussed as rotational disruption for the interstellar dust grains. We theoretically calculate whether porous dust aggregates can be disrupted by their spinning motion and if it prohibits dust growth in protoplanetary disks. We assume radiative torque and gas-flow torque as driving sources of the spinning motion, assume that dust aggregates reach a steady-state rigid rotation, and compare the obtained tensile stress due to the centrifugal force with their tensile strength. We model the irregularly-shaped dust aggregates by introducing a parameter, $γ_\mathrm{ft}$, that mimics the conversion efficiency from force to torque. As a result, we find that porous dust aggregates are rotationally disrupted by their spinning motion induced by gas flow when their mass is larger than $\sim10^8$ g and their volume filling factor is smaller than $\sim 0.01$ in our fiducial model, while relatively compact dust aggregates with volume filling factor more than 0.01 do not face this problem. If we assume the dust porosity evolution, we find that dust aggregates whose Stokes number is $\sim0.1$ can be rotationally disrupted in their growth and compression process. Our results suggest that the growth of dust aggregates may be halted due to rotational disruption or that other compression mechanisms are needed to avoid it. We also note that dust aggregates are not rotationally disrupted when $γ_\mathrm{ft}\leq0.02$ in our fiducial model and the modeling of irregularly-shaped dust aggregates is essential in future work.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Lexical and semantic elicitation: Epistemic indefinites
Creators: name: Koech, Nicholas Kipchumba
name: Bossi, Madeline
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: tuy

description: One .mp4 file and one .pdf file. Lexical elicitation to look for epistemic indefinite noun forms and exploration of the contexts where these forms are appropriate.
Exact solution of qubit decoherence models by a transfer matrix method
Creators: name: Nghiem, Diu
name: Joynt, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method for the solution of the behavior of an ensemble of qubits in a random time-dependent external field. The forward evolution in time is governed by a transfer matrix. The elements of this matrix determine the various decoherence times. The method provides an exact solution in cases where the noise is piecewise constant in time. We show that it applies, for example, to a realistic model of decoherence of electron spins in semiconductors. Results are obtained for the non-perturbative regimes of the models, and we see a transition from weak relaxation to overdamped behavior as a function of noise anisotropy.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Deep optical observations of the supernova remnants G 126.2+1.6, G 59.8+1.2 and G 54.4-0.3
Creators: name: Boumis, P.
name: Mavromatakis, F.
name: Xilouris, E. M.
name: Alikakos, J.
name: Redman, M. P.
name: Goudis, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical CCD imaging and spectroscopic observations of three supernova remnants are presented. Optical emission from G 54.4-0.3 and G 59.8+1.2 is detected for the first time, while the first flux calibrated CCD images of the supernova remnant G 126.2+1.6 were performed in the optical emission lines of Halpha+[N II], [O III] and [S II]. A mixture of filamentary and diffuse structures is observed in G 54.4-0.3 and G 59.8+1.2, mainly in Halpha+[N II], while the deep optical images of G 126.2+1.6 reveal several new filamentary and diffuse structures inside the extent of the remnant as defined by its known radio emission. In all cases, the radio emission is found to be well correlated with the optical filaments. [O III] emission was not detected at G 54.4-0.3 and G 59.8+1.2 while in G 126.2+1.6, significant morphological differences between the low and medium ionization images are present suggesting incomplete shock structures. Deep long-slit spectra were taken at different positions of the remnants. Both the flux calibrated images and the long-slit spectra clearly show that the emission originates from shock-heated gas, while some spectra of G 126.2+1.6 are characterized by large [O III]/Hbeta ratios. This remnant's [O III] flux suggests shock velocities into the interstellar "clouds" between 100 and 120 km/s, while the [O III] absence in the other two remnants indicates slower shock velocities. For all remnants, the [S II]6716/6731 ratio indicates electron densities below 600 cm^{-3} with particularly low densities for G 54.4-0.3 (below 50 cm^{-3}). Finally, the Halpha emission has been measured to be between 3.0 to 15.2x10^{-17} erg/s/cm^2/ arcsec^2, 3.2x10^{-17} erg/s/cm^2/ arcsec^2 and between 6.5 to 16.8x10^{-17} erg/s/cm^2/ arcsec^2 for G 54.4-0.3, G 59.8+1.2 and G 126.2+1.6, respectively.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
INCOVER - Case studies leaflet
Creators: name: MADEC, Camille
name: Rodriguez, Juan Antonio Alvarez
name: Lara, Enrique
name: Montero, Ruben Diez
name: Aurich, Andreas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: wastewater
innovation
technology
circular economy
microalgae
bio-plastic
biomethane
citric acid
biogas

description: The upload is a leaflet giving information about the three case-studies of INCOVER project, where the innovative technologies for wastewater treatment are developed. For each case-study, the effluents treated are described, the technologies implemented are explained and the bio-products obtained are mentioned.
A possible symmetry of the $ν$MSM
Creators: name: Shaposhnikov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To explain the dark matter and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, the parameters of the $ν$MSM (an extension of the Minimal Standard Model by three singlet neutrinos with masses smaller than the electroweak scale) must be fine-tuned: one of the masses should be in the ${\cal O} (10)$ keV region to provide a candidate for the dark-matter particle, while two other masses must be almost the same to enhance the CP-violating effects in the sterile neutrino oscillations leading to the baryon asymmetry. We show that a specifically defined global lepton-number symmetry, broken on the level of ${\cal O} (10^{-4})$ leads to the required pattern of sterile neutrino masses being consistent with the data on neutrino oscillations. Moreover, the existence of this symmetry allows to fix the flavour structure of couplings of singlet fermions to the particles of the Standard Model and indicates that their masses are likely to be smaller than ${\cal O} (1)$ GeV, opening a possibility of their search in decays of charmed, beauty and even $K$ or $π$-mesons.
description: 16 pages, extended version, to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Additional file 1 of Interpretation of coefficients in segmented regression for interrupted time series analyses
Creators: name: Wang, Yongzhe
name: Nonzee, Narissa J.
name: Zhang, Haonan
name: Ashing, Kimlin T.
name: Song, Gaole
name: Crespi, Catherine M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Computational framework for real-time diagnostics and prognostics of aircraft actuation systems
Creators: name: Berri, Pier Carlo
name: Vedova, Matteo D. L. Dalla
name: Mainini, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) are emerging approaches to product life cycle that will maintain system safety and improve reliability, while reducing operating and maintenance costs. This is particularly relevant for aerospace systems, where high levels of integrity and high performances are required at the same time. We propose a novel strategy for the nearly real-time Fault Detection and Identification (FDI) of a dynamical assembly, and for the estimation of Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of the system. The availability of a timely estimate of the health status of the system will allow for an informed adaptive planning of maintenance and a dynamical reconfiguration of the mission profile, reducing operating costs and improving reliability. This work addresses the three phases of the prognostic flow - namely (1) signal acquisition, (2) Fault Detection and Identification, and (3) Remaining Useful Life estimation - and introduces a computationally efficient procedure suitable for real-time, on-board execution. To achieve this goal, we propose to combine information from physical models of different fidelity with machine learning techniques to obtain efficient representations (surrogate models) suitable for nearly real-time applications. Additionally, we propose an importance sampling strategy and a novel approach to model damage propagation for dynamical systems. The methodology is assessed for the FDI and RUL estimation of an aircraft electromechanical actuator (EMA) for secondary flight controls. The results show that the proposed method allows for a high precision in the evaluation of the system RUL, while outperforming common model-based techniques in terms of computational time.
description: 57 pages
Molecular modulation of the lymphohaemopoietic system
Creators: name: Jones, Amanda Tomlinson
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The immune system has evolved to enable recognition of a huge variety of antigens with high specificity via the production of large quantities of reactive antibody. The ability to direct both the specifities and the quantity of antibody production to derive antibodies with high affinities and pre-determined specificities has been an important advance in our exploration of the functions of the lymphohaemopoietic system. This thesis details two separate projects which have as their common theme the production of antibodies with defined specificities and their use as tools to further our understanding of the immune response. In the first part of the thesis, a monoclonal antibody against a cell surface glycoprotein is characterised and its target antigen identified as a unique isoform of CD43, likely the murine homologue of the T305 antigen. This isoform is developmentally regulated with differential patterns of expression on CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes and on activated cells. In addition the molecule is aberrantly expressed in a number of disease models including B-cell lymphoma, allograft rejection, graft-versus-host disease and the Ipr/fas mouse. The pattern of regulation of expression of the antigen is described in addition to studies detailing its biochemical structure, turnover, patterns of phosphorylation and intracellular associations. In addition some speculations as to the function of this specific isoform of CD43 are offered. In the second part of the thesis we describe the production and characterisation of polyclonal anti-peptide antibodies which react with the interleukin 3 (IL-3 molecule). These antibodies can be used as carrier molecules to prolong the in vivo half-life, alter the biodistribution and to enhance the bioactivity of IL 3 up to 7 fold. The characteristics of enhancing antibodies are defined, detailed pharmacokinetics are presented and some speculations as to the potential therapeutic uses and biological significance of such antibodies arising naturally in vivo are presented.
Taxing the Rich: Recombinations and Bubble Growth During Reionization
Creators: name: Furlanetto, Steven R.
name: Oh, S. Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reionization is inhomogeneous for two reasons: the clumpiness of the intergalactic medium (IGM) and clustering of the discrete ionizing sources. While numerical simulations can in principle take both into account, they are at present limited by small box sizes. On the other hand, analytic models have only examined the limiting cases of a clumpy IGM (with uniform ionizing emissivity) and clustered sources (embedded in a uniform IGM). Here, we present an analytic model for the evolving topology of reionization that includes both factors. At first, recombinations can be ignored and ionized bubbles grow primarily through major mergers. As a result, reionization resembles "punctuated equilibrium," with a series of well-separated sharp jumps in the ionizing background. These features are local effects and do not reflect similar jumps in the global ionized fraction. We then combine our bubble model with a simple description of recombinations in the IGM. We show that the bubbles stop growing when recombinations balance ionizations. If the IGM density structure is similar to that at moderate redshifts, this limits the bubble radii to ~20 comoving Mpc; however, it may be much smaller if the IGM is significantly clumpier at higher redshifts. Once a bubble reaches saturation, that region of the universe has for all intents and purposes entered the "post-overlap" stage, so the overlap epoch actually has a finite width. This picture naturally explains the substantial large-scale variation in Lyman-series opacity along the lines of sight to the known z>6 quasars. More quasar spectra will shed light on the transition between the "bubble-dominated" topology characteristic of reionization and the "web-dominated" topology characteristic of the later universe. [Abridged]
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, accepted by MNRAS (minor revisions from original version, conclusions unchanged)
Observation of spin-momentum-layer locking in centrosymmetric BiOI
Creators: name: Zhang, Ke
name: Zhao, Shixuan
name: Hao, Zhanyang
name: Kumar, Shiv
name: Schwier, Eike. F.
name: Zhang, Yingjie
name: Sun, Hongyi
name: Wang, Yuan
name: Hao, Yujie
name: Ma, Xiaoming
name: Liu, Cai
name: Wang, Xiaoxiao
name: Miyamoto, Koji
name: Okuda, Taichi
name: Liu, Chang
name: Mei, Jiawei
name: Shimada, Kenya
name: Chen, Chaoyu
name: Liu, Qihang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin polarization effects in nonmagnetic materials are generally believed as an outcome of spin-orbit coupling provided that the global inversion symmetry is lacking, also known as 'spin-momentum locking'. The recently discovered hidden spin polarization indicates that specific atomic site asymmetry could also induce measurable spin polarization, leading to a paradigm shift to centrosymmetric crystals for potential spintronic applications. Here, combining spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, we report distinct spin-layer locking phenomena surrounding different high-symmetry momenta in a centrosymmetric, layered material BiOI. The measured spin is highly polarized along the Brillouin zone boundary, while is almost vanishing around the zone center due to its nonsymmorphic crystal structure. Our work not only demonstrates the existence of hidden spin polarization, but also uncovers the microscopic mechanism of the way spin, momentum and layer locking to each other, shedding lights on the design metrics for future spintronic devices.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Magnetic reconnection with anomalous resistivity in two-and-a-half dimensions I: Quasi-stationary case
Creators: name: Malyshkin, Leonid M.
name: Linde, Timur
name: Kulsrud, Russell M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper quasi-stationary, two-and-a-half-dimensional magnetic reconnection is studied in the framework of incompressible resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). A new theoretical approach for calculation of the reconnection rate is presented. This approach is based on local analytical derivations in a thin reconnection layer, and it is applicable to the case when resistivity is anomalous and is an arbitrary function of the electric current and the spatial coordinates. It is found that a quasi-stationary reconnection rate is fully determined by a particular functional form of the anomalous resistivity and by the local configuration of the magnetic field just outside the reconnection layer. It is also found that in the special case of constant resistivity reconnection is Sweet-Parker and not Petschek.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, minor changes as compared to the 1st version
NICEST2 - D4.1: Identification of the Nordic ESM community needs for ESM workflows
Creators: name: Iaquinta, Jean
name: Fouilloux, Anne
name: Struthers, Hamish
name: Hasan, Adil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: climate
container
workflow
galaxy

description: Report on the use of workflow management systems in the ESM community and the needs for supporting researchers to Open Science. The Nordic climate modeling community consists of research groups at universities, national meteorological institutes and research institutes, and holds demonstrable world class excellence in the field. Several of these groups contribute to the development of both global and regional climate models (GCMs and RCMs,respectively) in international projects with collaborations within Europe and the US. However, many users, including PhDs and postdocs, are developing and/or running Earth System Models (ESMs) for more fundamental scientific research and sensitivity studies, and/or cross-disciplinary research (economy & climate, biodiversity, etc.) and they do not always benefit from the advances, technologies or resources leveraged by these large projects/consortiums. One concrete example is IS-ENES project (https://is.enes.org/) where only one university, namely Linköpings Universitet (not part of the NICEST2 consortium) from the Nordics is involved; Nordic contributions are mostly from Meteorological services and Research Institutes. From a practical point of view this translates in a lot of time/energy wasted “reinventing the wheel”, repeated simulations, lack of transparency, suboptimal use of the infrastructures, etc. In this context, supporting these researchers and realizing the benefits of Open Science and EOSC are our priorities within NICEST2 and WP4. Task leader: Jean Iaquinta Project manager: Anne Fouilloux Work Package leader: Jean Iaquinta Internal reviewer: Hamish Struthers External reviewer: Adil Hasan (EOSC-Nordic)
description: This report was produced for the NeIC NICEST2 project, that is supported by the Nordic e-Infrastructure Collaboration (NeIC), which is part of NordForsk.
Nonlinear dual-core photonic crystal fiber couplers
Creators: name: Salgueiro, Jose R.
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study nonlinear modes of dual-core photonic crystal fiber couplers made of a material with the focusing Kerr nonlinearity. We find numerically the profiles of symmetric, antisymmetric, and asymmetric nonlinear modes, and analyze all-optical switching based on instability of the symmetric mode. We also describe elliptic spatial solitons controlled by the waveguide boundaries.
description: 3 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Optics Letters
Foregrounds for redshifted 21 cm studies of reionization: GMRT 153 MHz observations
Creators: name: Ali, SK. Saiyad
name: Bharadwaj, Somnath
name: Chengalur, Jayaram N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Foreground subtraction is the biggest challenge for future redshifted 21 cm observations to probe reionization. We use a short GMRT observation at 153 MHz to characterize the statistical properties of the background radiation across ~ one degree to sub-arcminutes angular scales, and across a frequency band of 5 MHz with 62.5 kHz resolution. The statistic we use is the visibility correlation function, or equivalently the angular power spectrum C_l. We present the results obtained from using relatively unsophisticated, conventional data calibration procedures. We find that even fairly simple minded calibration allows one to estimate the visibility correlation function at a given frequency V_2(U,0). From our observations we find that V_2(U,0) is consistent with foreground model predictions at all angular scales except the largest ones probed by our observations where the the model predictions are somewhat in excess. On the other hand the visibility correlation between different frequencies kappa(U, Delta nu), seems to be much more sensitive to calibration errors. We find a rapid decline in kappa(U, Delta nu), in contrast with the prediction of less than 1 % variation across 2.5 MHz. In this case however, it seems likely that a substantial part of the discrepancy may be due to limitations of data reduction procedures.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, Accepted for Publication in MNRAS
Growth of a textured quasicrystalline phase in Ti-Ni-Zr films prepared by pulsed laser deposition
Creators: name: Brien, Valerie
name: Dauscher, A.
name: Weisbecker, P.
name: Machizaud, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The preparation in thin film form of the known icosahedral phase in Ti-Ni-Zr bulk alloys has been investigated as a function of substrate temperature. Films were deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition on sapphire substrates at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 350$^\circ$C. Morphological and structural modifications have been followed by grazing incidence and $θ$-2$θ$ X-ray diffraction, transmission electron diffraction and imaging. Chemical composition has been analysed by Electron Probe Micro-Analysis. The in-depth variation of composition has been studied by Secondary Neutral Mass Spectroscopy. We show that Pulsed Laser Deposition at 275$^\circ$C makes the formation of a 1 m thick film of Ti-Ni-Zr quasicrystalline textured nanocrystallites possible.
Energy-dependent variability and the origin of the soft X-ray excess in AGN
Creators: name: Gierlinski, Marek
name: Done, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the soft excess seen in many AGN below ~1 keV is still an unsolved problem. It is unlikely to represent a true continuum component as its characteristic 'temperature' shows a remarkable constancy over a wide range of AGN luminosity and black hole mass. This instead favours an association with atomic processes, in particular with the increase in opacity between 0.7-2 keV associated with partially ionized O and Fe. The opacity jump can give rise to a soft excess either through reflection or transmission, and both scenarios can fit the spectra equally well as long as there is strong velocity shear to smear out the characteristic narrow atomic features. Here we use orthogonal constraints from the energy-dependent variability. The rms spectra seen in XMM-Newton AGN data often show a broad peak between 0.7-2 keV. We show that the absorption model can explain the data well if the ionization state of the smeared absorption responds to luminosity changes in the continuum.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
An unambiguous derivation of the effective refractive index of biological suspensions and an extension to dense tissue such as blood
Creators: name: Nahmad-Rohen, Alexander
name: García-Valenzuela, Augusto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The van de Hulst formula provides an expression for the effective refractive index or effective propagation constant of a suspension of particles of arbitrary shape, size and refractive index in an optically homogeneous medium. However, its validity for biological matter, which often consists of very dense suspensions of cells, is unclear because existing derivations of the formula or similar results rely on far-field scattering and/or on the suspension in question being dilute. We present a derivation of the van de Hulst formula valid for suspensions of large, tenuous scatterers -- the type biological suspensions are typically made of -- which does not rely on these conditions, showing that they are not strictly necessary for the formula to be valid. We apply these results specifically to blood and epithelial tissue. Furthermore, we determine the true condition for the formula to be valid for these types of tissues. We finally provide a simple way to estimate -- and, more importantly, correct -- the error incurred by the van de Hulst formula when this condition is not met.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Coulomb blockade oscillations of heat conductance in the charge Kondo regime
Creators: name: Karki, D. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a method of theoretically investigating the charge, energy and heat transport in the presence of the charge Kondo correlations. The Coulomb blockade oscillations of heat conductance in the single electron transistor exhibiting the charge Kondo effects are investigated. We explore the Wiedemann Franz ratio in both charge-single channel and charge-two channel Kondo regime. The close connections of our findings with the recent experiments on multi-channel charge Kondo effects are discussed.
Aharonov-Bohm-Like Scattering in the Generalized Uncertainty Principle-corrected Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Park, DaeKil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss classical electrodynamics and the Aharonov-Bohm effect in the presence of the minimal length. In the former we derive the classical equation of motion and the corresponding Lagrangian. In the latter we adopt the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) and compute the scattering cross section up to the first-order of the GUP parameter $β$. Even though the minimal length exists, the cross section is invariant under the simultaneous change $ϕ\rightarrow -ϕ$, $α' \rightarrow -α'$, where $ϕ$ and $α'$ are azimuthal angle and magnetic flux parameter. However, unlike the usual Aharonv-Bohm scattering the cross section exhibits discontinuous behavior at every integer $α'$. The symmetries, which the cross section has in the absence of GUP, are shown to be explicitly broken at the level of ${\cal O} (β)$.
description: 19pages, 4figures, V2: 20 pages, will appear in IJMPA
Atomistic Theory of Coherent Spin Transfer between Molecularly Bridged Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Schrier, Joshua
name: Whaley, K. Birgitta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-resolved Faradary rotation experiments have demonstrated coherent transfer of electron spin between CdSe colloidal quantum dots coupled by conjugated molecules. We employ here a Green's function approach, using semi-empirical tight-binding to treat the nanocrystal Hamiltonian and Extended Huckel theory to treat the linking molecule Hamiltonian, to obtain the coherent transfer probabilities from atomistic calculations, without the introduction of any new parameters. Calculations on 1,4-dithiolbenzene and 1,4-dithiolcyclohexane linked nanocrystals agree qualitatively with experiment and provide support for a previous transfer Hamiltonian model. We find a striking dependence on the transfer probabilities as a function of nanocrystal surface site attachment and linking molecule conformation. Additionally, we predict quantum interference effects in the coherent transfer probabilities for 2,7-dithiolnaphthalene and 2,6-dithiolnaphthalene linking molecules. We suggest possible experiments based on these results that would test the coherent, through-molecule transfer mechanism.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures. Submitted Phys. Rev. B
A stochastic Lagrangian representation of the 3-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Constantin, Peter
name: Iyer, Gautam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76D05;60K40

description: In this paper we derive a representation of the deterministic 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations based on stochastic Lagrangian paths. The particle trajectories obey SDEs driven by a uniform Wiener process; the inviscid Weber formula for the Euler equations of ideal fluids is used to recover the velocity field. This method admits a self-contained proof of local existence for the nonlinear stochastic system, and can be extended to formulate stochastic representations of related hydrodynamic-type equations, including viscous Burgers equations and LANS-alpha models.
description: v4: Minor corrections to bibliography, and final version that will apear in CPAM. v3: Minor corrections to the algebra in the last section. v2: Minor changes to introduction and refferences. 14 pages, 0 figures