cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Enteric Infections in Poultry: A Review
Creators: name: Preeti Godara, Manisha and Balwant Kumar
Publisher: name: Bio vet innovator magazine
Year: 2024

description: Abstract:The poultry industry in India, faces significant challenges due to disease outbreaks, particularly poultry enteritis, which leads to considerable economic losses. Despite being one of the top global producers of eggs and poultry meat, India’s per capita consumption of these products remains lower than recommended levels, highlighting inefficiencies in production and consumption. Poultry enteritis, primarily caused by enteric viruses such as Avian Coronavirus (ACV), Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV), Fowl Adenovirus-I (FAdV-I), and Chicken Parvovirus (ChPV), significantly impacts poultry health by causing symptoms such as delayed growth, lethargy, and reduced feed intake. This study, conducted in four major districts of Rajasthan (Ajmer, Pratapgarh, Dungarpur, and Sirohi), reveals a high prevalence of these enteric viruses, with mixed infections being common. Concurrent bacterial infections, notably Salmonella and Escherichia coli, were frequently detected in infected poultry, exacerbating the disease. The prevalence of these pathogens and their association with antibiotic resistance pose significant challenges for treatment. Additionally, while there is currently no vaccine for enteric viruses in poultry, emerging vaccine platforms, such as Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV)-based vaccines, offer promising solutions. OMV vaccines have shown potential in inducing specific immune responses and may provide an alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments. The study underscores the need for improved biosecurity, disease management strategies, and further research into novel vaccine platforms to address the growing concerns of poultry enteritis in India’s rapidly expanding poultry industry.Keywords: Poultry enteritis, Outer membrane vesicles, Vaccine
Introduction to *Incomparable Empires: Modernism and the Translation of Spanish and American Literature*
Creators: name: Rogers, Gayle
Publisher: name: Columbia University Press
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Translating and interpreting
subject: Literature and history
subject: Spanish language
subject: American literature
subject: Comparative literature

description: An approach to understanding modernism in literary history through the lens of translation by tracing the work of key figures such as Pound, Dos Passos, Jiménez, and Unamuno to translate US and Spanish literatures after the Spanish-American War of 1898.
Studies on membrane topology, N-glycosylation and functionality of SARS-CoV membrane protein
Creators: name: Voß, Daniel
name: Pfefferle, Susanne
name: Drosten, Christian
name: Stevermann, Lea
name: Traggiai, Elisabetta
name: Lanzavecchia, Antonio
name: Becker, Stephan
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut; Robert Koch-Institut, Infektionskrankheiten / Erreger
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Virus Replication
subject: Cell Line
subject: Humans
subject: Animals
subject: Amino Acid Substitution
subject: Cercopithecus aethiops
subject: Glycosylation
subject: Golgi Apparatus/virology
subject: Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
subject: Mutagenesis
subject: Site-Directed
subject: SARS Virus/chemistry
subject: SARS Virus/physiology
subject: Sequence Deletion
subject: Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
subject: Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
subject: Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism
subject: Virus Internalization
subject: 610 Medizin

description: The glycosylated membrane protein M of the severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is the main structural component of the virion and mediates assembly and budding of viral particles. The membrane topology of SARS-CoV M and the functional significance of its N-glycosylation are not completely understood as is its interaction with the surface glycoprotein S. Using biochemical and immunofluorescence analyses we found that M consists of a short glycosylated N-terminal ectodomain, three transmembrane segments and a long, immunogenic C-terminal endodomain. Although the N-glycosylation site of M seems to be highly conserved between group 1 and 3 coronaviruses, studies using a recombinant SARS-CoV expressing a glycosylation-deficient M revealed that N-glycosylation of M neither influence the shape of the virions nor their infectivity in cell culture. Further functional analysis of truncated M proteins showed that the N-terminal 134 amino acids comprising the three transmembrane domains are sufficient to mediate accumulation of M in the Golgi complex and to enforce recruitment of the viral spike protein S to the sites of virus assembly and budding in the ERGIC.
Additional file 1 of Valuing Chinese medicine quality of life-11 dimensions (CQ-11D) health states using a discrete choice experiment with survival duration (DCETTO)
Creators: name: Zhu, Wentao
name: Zhang, Mengpei
name: Pan, Jie
name: Shi, Lizheng
name: Gao, Hailiang
name: Xie, Shitong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: S1. Variable settings for model construction. S2. CQ-11D utility value and SF-6D, EQ-5D-3L utility value correlation coefficient. S3. Tests for differences in utility values of CQ-11D, SF-6D, EQ-5D-3L. S4. The results of mixed logit model.
Global distribution of novel rhinovirus genotype.
Creators: name: Briese, Thomas
name: Renwick, Neil
name: Venter, Marietjie
name: Jarman, Richard G.
name: Ghosh, Dhrubaa
name: Köndgen, Sophie
name: Shrestha, Sanjaya K.
name: Hoegh, A. Mette
name: Casas, Inmaculada
name: Adjogoua, Edgard Valerie
name: Akoua-Koffi, Chantal
name: Myint, Khin Saw
name: Williams, David T.
name: Chidlow, Glenys
name: Berg, Ria Van Den
name: Calvo, Cristina
name: Koch, Orienka
name: Palacios, Gustavo
name: Kapoor, Vishal
name: Villari, Joseph
name: Dominguez, Samuel R.
name: Holmes, Kathryn V.
name: Leendertz, Fabian
name: Schweiger, Brunhilde
name: Ellerbrok, Heinz
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Infektionskrankheiten / Erreger
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: DNA
subject: Phylogeny
subject: Population Surveillance/methods
subject: Capsid Proteins/genetics
subject: Genotype Humans Molecular Sequence Data
subject: Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology
subject: Picornaviridae Infections/virology
subject: Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology
subject: Respiratory Tract Infections/virology
subject: Rhinovirus/classification
subject: Rhinovirus/genetics
subject: Rhinovirus/isolation & purification
subject: Sequence Analysis
subject: Viral Proteins/genetics
subject: World Health
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Global surveillance for a novel rhinovirus genotype indicated its association with community outbreaks and pediatric respiratory disease in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America. Molecular dating indicates that these viruses have been circulating for at least 250 years.
Trends in Bachelor's Degrees in English and Other Selected Fields of Study, 1987–2015
Creators: name: Laurence, David
Publisher: name: unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education, Higher

description: Prepared for session 366 on the 2017 convention program, Shapes of the English Major Today, arranged by the ADE Ad Hoc Committee on the English Major, this presentation summarizes trends in bachelor's degree completions using time series degree completions data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education System (IPEDS), as compiled by the National Science Foundation on WebCASPAR, an online collection of data resources on United States higher education.
Trends in Bachelor's Degrees in English and Other Selected Fields of Study, 1987–2015
Creators: name: Laurence, David
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education, Higher

description: Prepared for session 366 on the 2017 convention program, Shapes of the English Major Today, arranged by the ADE Ad Hoc Committee on the English Major, this presentation summarizes trends in bachelor's degree completions using time series degree completions data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education System (IPEDS), as compiled by the National Science Foundation on WebCASPAR, an online collection of data resources on United States higher education.
Additional file 1 of Utilising telehealth to support exercise and physical activity in people with Parkinson disease: a program evaluation using mixed methods
Creators: name: Flynn, Allyson
name: Preston, Elisabeth
name: Dennis, Sarah
name: Canning, Colleen G.
name: Allen, Natalie E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary material 1. Example of home exercise program.
Changing epidemiology of human brucellosis, Germany, 1962-2005.
Creators: name: Dahouk, Sascha Al
name: Neubauer, Heinrich
name: Hensel, Andreas
name: Schöneberg, Irene
name: Nöckler, Karsten
name: Alpers, Katharina
name: Merzenich, Hiltrud
name: Stark, Klaus
name: Jansen, Andreas
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Infektionsepidemiologie
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Adolescent
subject: Preschool
subject: Newborn
subject: Humans
subject: Female
subject: Germany/epidemiology
subject: Male
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Incidence
subject: Child
subject: Adult
subject: Aged
subject: Infant
subject: Time Factors
subject: Brucellosis/epidemiology
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Trends in the epidemiology of human brucellosis in Germany were investigated by analyzing national surveillance data (1962-2005) complemented by a questionnaire-based survey (1995-2000). After a steady decrease in brucellosis incidence from 1962 to the 1980s, a persistent number of cases has been reported in recent years, with the highest incidence in Turkish immigrants (0.3/100,000 Turks vs. 0.01/100,000 in the German population; incidence rate ratio 29). Among cases with reported exposure risks, 59% were related to the consumption of unpasteurized cheese from brucellosis-endemic countries. The mean diagnostic delay was 2.5 months. Case fatality rates increased from 0.4% (1978-1981) to a maximum of 6.5% (1998-2001). The epidemiology of brucellosis in Germany has evolved from an endemic occupational disease among the German population into a travel-associated foodborne zoonosis, primarily affecting Turkish immigrants. Prolonged diagnostic delays and high case fatality call for targeted public health measures.
“Structures of Irony: Curiosity and Fetishism in Late Imperial London”
Creators: name: Phillips, George
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Literature, Modern

description: This essay argues that curiosity can work as irony's shadow dialectic in modernist responses to imperialism and metropolitan culture, and suggests that curiosity deserves further exploration as a modernist device. Attentive to the settings and visual metaphors of space and structure that abet irony's role, this essay finds that curiosity's conspicuous absence in Joseph Conrad's The Secret Agent (1907) burdens irony with the obligation to respond alone to the late imperial culture Conrad characterizes as governed by fetishism. By contrast, curiosity emerges in E. M. Forster's review “The Birth of an Empire” (1924) not as irony's naive opposite but as that which may learn from the distance irony produces and as the occasion for testing tentative styles of reattachment to the metropole that seek deeper knowledge of British India and late imperial London than colonial exhibitions could display. Reading such texts today calls not for reaffirmations for ironic distance, but for pursuing an alternative knowledge of curiosity's role in response by considering it within the paradigm of modernist irony.
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-2-tct-10.1177_15330338211016386 - The Application and Development of Deep Learning in Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Huang, Danju
name: Bai, Han
name: Wang, Li
name: Hou, Yu
name: Li, Lan
name: Xia, Yaoxiong
name: Yan, Zhirui
name: Chen, Wenrui
name: Chang, Li
name: Li, Wenhui
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: Oncology and Carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified
Radiology and Organ Imaging
Biochemistry

description: Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-2-tct-10.1177_15330338211016386 for The Application and Development of Deep Learning in Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review by Danju Huang, Han Bai, Li Wang, Yu Hou, Lan Li, Yaoxiong Xia, Zhirui Yan, Wenrui Chen, Li Chang and Wenhui Li in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment
Resurfacing Asteroids & The Creation Rate of Asteroid Pairs
Creators: name: Graves, Kevin J.
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Planetary science (excl. solar system and planetary geology)

description: Many surface and dynamical processes affect the evolution of asteroids in our solar system today. The spectral slopes of S and Q-type asteroids are altered by the weathering of their surfaces due to solar wind interactions and micrometeorite impacts, as well as any processes that work to remove that weathered material. These processes of space weathering and asteroid resurfacing compete with each other to determine the spectral slope of each asteroid, with space weathering raising the spectral slope and resurfacing lowering it. By considering the distribution of spectral slopes with respect to orbital location and size, we can determine which potential resurfacing processes are the most dominant. I show that the distribution of spectral slopes with respect to size is present in all populations of S and Q-type asteroids in the inner solar system, regardless of orbit. I also show that the spectral slopes of S and Q-type Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) decrease with decreasing perihelion, but only for perihelia q < 0.9 AU. By building Monte Carlo and models N-body simulations of asteroids, I test which resurfacing mechanisms are consistent with these trends in spectral slopes. I find that spin-up and failure from the Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect is an important resurfacing mechanism that creates the observed weathering trends with size. I also show that resurfacing asteroids due to close encounters with the terrestrial planets cannot explain the spectral slope vs. perihelion trend at q . 0.9 AU, but that resurfacing asteroids due to thermally induced surface degradation, by assuming a power law relationship between the resurfacing timescale and the solar distance, gives much more consistent results. I also explore the creation rate of asteroid pairs, which are asteroids that have very similar orbits but are not gravitationally bound. The majority of pairs are formed by YORP spin-up and fission, followed by a separation of the two members. Asteroid pairs are then disassociated over time as their orbits become less similar due to chaos, resonances, and the Yarkovsky effect. I simulate both the formation of asteroid pairs in the inner main belt via YORP and their subsequent disassociation. By comparing the distribution of orbital similarity distances from observations and from our model, I estimate that asteroids fission and create an asteroid pair every 8 − 13 YORP cycles, where a YORP cycle is twice the time it takes the YORP effect to change the spin rate of an asteroid from zero to its critical spin rate. I argue that the rate of fissioning via the YORP effect is not substantially limited by any stagnation or stochastic evolution, and that losing mass via rotational fission is much less effective than collisional disruption, even for small asteroids.
Trinkverhalten von Jugendlichen in Deutschland
Creators: name: Kohler, Simone
name: Kleiser, Christina
name: Richter, Almut
name: Stahl, Anna
name: Vohmann, Claudia
name: Heseker, Helmut
name: Mensink, Gert
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Adolescents
subject: EsKiMo
subject: Health survey
subject: Children
subject: Beverage consumption
subject: Soft drinks
subject: Alcohol
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Die regelmäßige und ausreichende Flüssigkeitszufuhr ist wesentlicher Bestandteil einer gesunden Ernährung und insbesondere in der Wachstumsphase von großer Bedeutung. Getränke haben je nach Art und Häufigkeit des Konsums unterschiedlichsten Einfluss auf die Gesundheit. Repräsentative Daten aus EsKiMo (Ernährungsstudie als KiGGS-Modul) geben einen aktuellen Einblick in das Trinkverhalten der Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse der 1272 Teilnehmer zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren werden hier vorgestellt. Im Durchschnitt liegen die Flüssigkeitsmengen, die mit nichtalkoholischen Getränken aufgenommen werden, bei diesen Jugendlichen über den DGE-Empfehlungen. Erfreulicherweise werden hauptsächlich Mineral- bzw. Leitungswasser getrunken. Vor allem die über 15-Jährigen trinken – was allerdings nicht erwünscht ist – ebenfalls große Mengen Softdrinks. Die Mittelwerte für die Aufnahme alkoholischer Getränke sind insbesondere bei den 16- bzw. 17-jährigen Jungen mit 179 bzw. 285 ml/Tag hoch und resultieren größtenteils aus dem Konsum von Bier.
description: A regular and adequate intake of liquids is an essential part of a healthy diet and is particularly important during the growth stage. Depending on the type and the frequency of consumption, different beverages impact on health in different ways. Representative data collected in EsKiMo (Eating Study as a KiGGS Module) provide an up-to-date overview of drinking behaviour among adolescents in Germany. The results collected from 1272 participants aged between 12 and 17 years are presented in this paper. The median intake of nonalcoholic liquids from these adolescents exceeds the current German recommendations. It is pleasing to report that the main drinks in the study population are mineral water and tapwater. Those aged 15 and over also consume large quantities of soft drinks, however, which is not desirable. The average intake of alcoholic drinks is high among boys of 16 and 17, at 179 ml and 285 ml per day, respectively, mainly in the form of beer.
Demythologizing the Palestinian in Hany Abu-Assad’sOmarandParadise Now
Creators: name: Nashef, Hania
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Culture--Study and teaching
subject: Mass media--Study and teaching
subject: Middle Eastern literature

description: In the past, Palestinian cinema was dominated by a nationalist discourse revolving around refugee ideology, resulting from the trauma of the lost homeland. As the past is generally static, revisiting it became an exercise in nostalgia. The last decade, however, has seen the emergence of a number of transnational Palestinian films telling stories of those who remained in historical Palestine post-1948. This late depiction is no longer one of reductionism but a visual narrative that exposes the daily challenges individuals face under occupation, as they fluctuate between a diminishing homeland and a lost one. These latest films have relied on a personal angle to tell the story, contrary to earlier film portrayals that favoured depictions of a mythical homogeneous society rooted in nationalist, heroic and revolutionary discourse. This article examines two internationally acclaimed films by Palestinian director Hany Abu-Assad, Al Janna Al Aan/Paradise Now and Omar. In both, Palestinians hover between security walls, refugee camps and occupied space, as they deal with issues of betrayal, frustration, martyrdom and treason, portrayals that ultimately demythologize the Palestinian individual.
Telegraphic Realism: Henry James's In the Cage
Creators: name: Menke, Richard
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: American literature
subject: British literature

description: In setting his 1898 tale In the Cage in a telegraph office, Henry James was adapting and investigating a metaphor that earlier novelists had used for the workings of fiction. As invoked by writers such as Elizabeth Gaskell and Charles Dickens, the idealized image of the electric telegraph hints at some of the formal and ideological properties of Victorian realism. With In the Cage James proves to be more alert than such predecessors not only to the social and technological mechanics of telegraphy but also to the significance of mediation-in telegraphy as well as in realist fiction. Analyzing the conjunction this essay calls "telegraphic realism" indicates the ways in which a medium's imaginative possibilities may change over time and suggests the connections between the histories of media and of literature.
Sozialer Status und Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ergebnisse des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS)
Creators: name: Lampert, Thomas
name: Kurth, Bärbel-Maria
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsberichterstattung
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soziale Ungleichheit
subject: Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit
subject: Prävention
subject: Gesundheitsförderung
subject: Gesundheitssurveys
subject: social inequality
subject: child and adolescent health
subject: prevention
subject: health promotion
subject: health
subject: surveys
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Einleitung: Der Einfluss des sozialen Status auf die gesundheitliche Situation von Kindern und Jugendlichen wurde analysiert. Methoden: Datenbasis war der Kinderund Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KiGGS), den das Robert Koch-Institut zwischen Mai 2003 und Mai 2006 durchgeführt hat (n = 17 641, Alter = 0–17 Jahre). Der soziale Status wurde über Angaben der Eltern zu ihrer schulischen und beruflichen Bildung, zur beruflichen Stellung sowie zum Haushaltsnettoeinkommen gemessen. Zur Bewertung der Gesundheit wurden der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand, psychische und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten sowie Übergewicht betrachtet. Ergebnisse: Kinder und Jugendliche aus der niedrigen Statusgruppe weisen zweimal seltener einen sehr guten Gesundheitszustand auf als diejenigen aus der hohen Statusgruppe (OR: 0,52, 95-%- KI: 0,47–0,59). Außerdem sind sie deutlich häufiger von psychischen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten (OR: 3,78, 95-%-KI: 3,00–4,77) sowie Übergewicht (OR: 2,32, 95-%-KI: 2,01–2,69) betroffen. Diskussion: Die Resultate stehen im Einklang mit Forschungsergebnissen aus den USA, Großbritannien und den skandinavischen Ländern. Sie unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit einer zielgruppenorientierten Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung im Kindesund Jugendalter.
description: Introduction: The influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on the health of children and adolescents was investigated. Methods: The data emanated from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), conducted by the Robert Koch Institute from May 2003 to May 2006 (n = 17 641, age 0–17 years). Socioeconomic status was measured via parental reporting of their school and professional education, professional status, and net household income. Health was assessed in terms of general health status, psychological or behavioural difficulties, and obesity. Results: Children and adolescents from the lowest group of SES are half as likely to have good general health as those in the highest SES group (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.47–0.59). In addition, they were significantly more commonly affected by psychological and behavioural difficulties (OR: 3.78, 95% CI: 3.00–4.77) and obesity (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 2.01–2.69). Discussion: These results concur with results from the USA, Great Britain and the Scandinavian countries. They reinforce the need for targeted prevention and health promotion in children and adolescents.
MicroRNA Regulation of Neutrophil Function
Creators: name: Naef, Theodore G.
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Immunology not elsewhere classified
Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified
Genetic immunology
Plant cell and molecular biology
Animal cell and molecular biology

description: Neutrophils are significant players in both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, and function in infectious and autoimmune ailments. MicroRNAs regulate homeostasis in health and disease by fine tuning the expression of a network of genes through post transcriptional regulation. Many microRNAs are expressed in restricted tissues, regulated by physiological conditions such as stress and disease, and are emerging as mediators for intercellular communication that shape the tissue environments. MicroRNA profiles have been recently utilized as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostic purposes for their stability in plasma and significant correlation with the disease progress. In addition, several microRNAs are in clinical trials for infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders and cancer. As for neutrophil biology, microRNAs that regulate hematopoiesis and neutrophil development are well known. However, only a few microRNAs are characterized in the context of neutrophil migration and activation by loss of function studies either in mice or in cell culture. In this work we characterize the role of total microRNA regulation on neutrophil function through whole body and neutrophil specific Dicer1 knockout, and identify a microRNA regulator of neutrophil motility. MiR-722 downregulates the transcript level of rac2 through binding to a seed match in the rac2 3'UTR. Furthermore, miR-722 over-expressing larvae display improved outcomes in both sterile and bacterial systemic models. Finally, the miR-722 mimics protect zebrafish from lethal LPS challenge, providing evidence and mechanism of an anti-inflammatory microRNA that restrains detrimental systemic inflammation. We further investigated the role of the inflammatory response in an ischemia-reperfusion model. Extensive future work is required, especially in animal models, to illustrate the pivotal and complex microRNA mediated regulatory network in neutrophils, which is expected to provide the foundation for highly selective microRNA based therapy to control neutrophil behavior in infection and inflammatory disorders.
Additional file 2 of Serious game as oral histology learning strategy for undergraduate dental students; crossover randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Amir, Lisa R.
name: Leonardy, Irene C.
name: Dewatmoko, Salsabila N.
name: Yanuar, Rezon
name: Suniarti, Dewi F.
name: Idrus, Erik
name: Sipiyaruk, Kawin
name: Puspitawati, Ria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 2
Evolution of Gaussians in the Hellinger--Kantorovich--Boltzmann gradient flow
Creators: name: Liero, Matthias
name: Mielke, Alexander
name: Tse, Oliver
name: Zhu, ##!Error: Attribute  Unknown!##
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Gaussian measures
subject: Hellinger-Kantorovich distance
subject: gradient-flow equation
subject: relative Boltzmann entropy
subject: Kullback-Leibler divergence
subject: 49Q22
subject: 35Q49

description: This study leverages the basic insight that the gradient-flow equation associated with the relative Boltzmann entropy, in relation to a Gaussian reference measure within the Hellinger--Kantorovich (HK) geometry, preserves the class of Gaussian measures. This invariance serves as the foundation for constructing a reduced gradient structure on the parameter space characterizing Gaussian densities. We derive explicit ordinary differential equations that govern the evolution of mean, covariance, and mass under the HK--Boltzmann gradient flow. The reduced structure retains the additive form of the HK metric, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics involved. We explore the geodesic convexity of the reduced system, revealing that global convexity is confined to the pure transport scenario, while a variant of sublevel semi-convexity is observed in the general case. Furthermore, we demonstrate exponential convergence to equilibrium through Polyak--Łojasiewicz-type inequalities, applicable both globally and on sublevel sets. By monitoring the evolution of covariance eigenvalues, we refine the decay rates associated with convergence. Additionally, we extend our analysis to non-Gaussian targets exhibiting strong log-Lambda-concavity, corroborating our theoretical results with numerical experiments that encompass a Gaussian-target gradient flow and a Bayesian logistic regression application.
title: Durch N-Heterocyclische Carbene stabilisierte Phosphinidene und Untersuchung zu deren Koordinationsverhalten
title: NHC-stabilized phosphinidenes and studies of their coordination chemistry
Creators: name: Lemp, Wilhelm Otfried
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: aluminium
carbene
mercury
phosphindyne
boron
phosphinidene, NHC
no entry
keine Angabe
subvalent
Phosphiniden
gallium, tungsten
phosphorus

description: In dieser Arbeit wird die Synthese
      von Phosphinidenen, die durch N-Heterocyclische Carbene
      stabilisiert werden, vorgestellt. Des Weiteren werden
      verschiedene Lewis/Säure-Base Addukte dargestellt und
      charakterisiert. Zudem werden Salzeliminierungsreaktionen von
      einem metallierten Phosphiniden mit Gruppe-13-chloriden
      untersucht.
description: In this thesis the syntheses of
      NHC-stabilized phosphinidenes is presented. Furthermore the
      coordination behaviour of this compounds with Lewis-acids is
      described. Salt elimination of metallated phosphinidenes with
      group-13-chlorides is also investigated
Leveraging Information Technologies and Policies to Influence Short- and Long-term Travel Decisions
Creators: name: Guo, Yuntao
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Civil engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Growing automobile dependency and usage continue to exacerbate traffic congestion, air pollution, and physical inactivity in metropolitan areas. Extensive efforts have been made to leverage advanced technology and related policies to influence short- (within-day and day-to-day) and long-term (mobility and lifestyle) travel decisions to address these issues from the system operator and individual traveler perspectives. However, most studies have yet to address system operator and individual traveler needs together; provide sufficient understanding of the impacts of such technologies on safety and health; and consider the impacts of distinctive regional and political characteristics on responses to different policies among population subgroups.This dissertation seeks to facilitate the leveraging of information technologies and related policies to influence short- and long-term travel decisions by: (1) developing a framework for apps that integrate augmented reality, gamification, and social component to influence travel decisions that address multiple user- and system-level goals, (2) understanding the safety and health impacts of these apps, (3) developing strategies to influence residential location decision-making to foster sustainable post-relocation travel behavior, (4) investigating the impacts of economic and legal policies on travel decisions by considering distinctive regional and political characteristics.This dissertation can provide insights to system operators for designing a new generation of apps to dynamically manage traffic in real-time, promote long-term mode shifts from single-occupancy driving to carpooling, public transit use, walking and cycling, and address individual traveler needs. The dissertation also presents app mechanisms for providing feedback to legislators and app developers for designing policies and apps geared towards safe usage and promoting the physical and mental health of its users. In addition, by considering the impacts of distinctive regional and political characteristics on population subgroups in terms of their responses to information technologies and economic and legal policies, additional measures can be deployed to support and facilitate the implementation of such technologies and policies.
THE UNBEARABLE BURDEN OF LEVINASIAN ETHICS
Creators: name: Rajiva, Jay
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Ethics
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Levinas's treatment of persecution as the inaugural basis of ethical responsibility tacitly relies on the ethical subject's availability for seduction through an invitation to profane the beloved that is the obverse of the face. Using Jean Laplanche's conception of the enigmatic signifier, I interpret the face–beloved dyad as a pathological response to the primary, overwhelming, and persecutory demand of the breast on the infant. Furthermore, I suggest that Levinas refuses to acknowledge what precedes the anxiety of the enigmatic signifier – the encounter with spacing and temporality that announces the subject into the world. Finally, I challenge the viability of an ethical model that relies on a Judeo-Christian notion of non-reciprocity, which forces survivors of violence into an untenable subject position, thereby reifying their continued erasure as ethical subjects.
Additional file 1 of Exosomal-miRNas expression and growth factors released by mononuclear cells of CLAD patients in response to extracorporeal photopheresis
Creators: name: Bozzini, Sara
name: Bozza, Eleonora
name: Bagnera, Cecilia
name: Del Fante, Claudia
name: Barone, Eugenio
name: De Vitis, Simona
name: De Amici, Mara
name: Testa, Giorgia
name: Croce, Stefania
name: Valsecchi, Chiara
name: Avanzini, Maria A
name: Cacciatore, Rosalia
name: Mortellaro, Cristina
name: Viarengo, Gianluca
name: Perotti, Cesare
name: Meloni, Federica
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Candidate miRNAs for endogenous normalization. Based on NormFinder analysis, miR-16-5p ranked as the most table miRNA. Figure S2. Schematic representation of ECP schedule: ECP treatment schedule consisted in 2 procedures weekly for 2 weeks followed by cycles every other week and then 1 cycle a month. Each ECP cycle comprises two treatment that were performed every on consecutive days. Table S1. overall results of the seven miRNAs in the studied population. Relative expressions were expressed as log2 transformed values.
Approaching virus safety in xenotransplantation: A search for unrecognized herpesviruses in pigs
Creators: name: Chmielewicz, Barbara
name: Goltz, Michael
name: Lahrmann, Karl-Heinz
name: Ehlers, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Animals
subject: DNA
subject: Viral/analysis
subject: Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
subject: Transplantation
subject: Heterologous
subject: Sus scrofa
subject: Herpesviridae Infections/virology
subject: Herpesviridae/genetics
subject: Herpesviridae/isolation & purification
subject: Herpesviridae/classification
subject: Herpesviridae Infections/transmission
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Abstract: The identification of porcine viruses so far unrecognized is required to minimize virus-related risks associated with xenotransplantation. We used a pan-herpes consensus polymerase chain reaction assay to search for unrecognized porcine species of the Herpesviridae. The assay targets conserved regions of the herpesvirus DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene, using primers that were modified to diminish the assay's recognition capacity for the highly prevalent porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses 1, 2 and 3 (PLHV-1, -2, -3), without substantially lowering the universal detection capacity of the assay. Analysis of 495 porcine blood and tissue samples from 294 animals, including 35 samples from 20 immunosuppressed pigs, resulted in the amplification of 128 herpesviral DPOL sequences. Sequence analysis attributed 127 of the amplimers to the known porcine herpesviruses (PLHV-1, -2, -3; porcine cytomegalovirus; pseudorabiesvirus). In none of the pig samples analyzed here, evidence was obtained for the presence of additional novel porcine herpesvirus species. Therefore we conclude that pigs bred for the purpose of xenotransplantation pose a negligible risk of transmitting presently unrecognized herpesviruses to organ recipients.
Investigation of Noncovalent Interactions in Complex Systems Using Effective Fragment Potential Method
Creators: name: Gurunathan, Pradeep
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Theoretical and computational chemistry not elsewhere classified
Computational chemistry

description: Computational Chemistry has proven to be an effective means of solving chemical problems. The two main tools of Computational Chemistry - quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics, have provided viable avenues to probe such chemical problems at an electronic or molecular level, with varying levels of accuracy and speed. In this work, attempts have been made to combine the speed of molecular mechanics and the accuracy of quantum mechanics to work across multiples scales of time and length, effectively resulting in simulations of large chemical systems without compromising the accuracy.
The primary tool utilized for methods development and application in this work is the Effective Fragment Potential (EFP) method. The EFP method is a computational technique for studying non-covalent interactions in complex systems. EFP is an accurate \textit{ab initio} force field, with accuracy comparable to many Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods, at significantly lower computational cost. EFP decomposes intermolecular interactions into contributions from four terms: electrostatics, polarization, exchange-repulsion and dispersion.
In the first chapter, the possibility of applying EFP method to study large radical-water clusters is probed. An approximate theoretical model in which the transition dipole moments of excitations are computed using the information from the ground state orbitals is implemented.
A major challenge to broaden the scope of EFP is to overcome its limitation in describing only small and rigid molecules such as water, acetone, etc. In the second chapter, the extension of EFP method to large covalently bound biomolecules and polymers such as proteins, lipids etc., is described. Using this new method, referred to as BioEFP/mEFP, it is shown that the effect of polarization is non-negligible and must be accounted for when modeling photochemical and electron-transfer processes in photoactive proteins.
Another area of interest is the development of novel drug-target binding models, in which a chemically active part of the ligand is modified via functional group modification, while the rest of the system remains intact. In the third chapter, the development and application of a drug-target binding model is explained.

Lastly, in the fourth and final chapter, we show the derivation for working equations corresponding to the coupling gradient term describing the dispersion interactions between quantum mechanical and effective fragment potential regions.
The primary focus of this work is to explore and expand the boundaries of multiscale QM/MM simulations applied to chemical and biomolecular systems. We believe that the work described here leads to exciting pathways in the future in terms of modeling novel systems and processes such as heterogeneous catalysis, QSAR, crystal structure prediction, etc.
SOME PROBLEMS OF TEACHING ENGLISH VOCABULARY
Creators: name: Xoliqova Xumora Jahongir qizi Fergana State University foreign languages faculty Philology: English, student of group 21.93
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The article discusses the techniques for replenishing the vocabulary of students of non-linguistic universities. It determines the methods of semantization that are adequate to the terminological vocabulary.

Some ways of enriching the vocabulary of the language are considered: international words, affixation, synonyms and antonyms. The stages of work for consolidating juridical lexis are given.

Key words and phrases: terminological competence, semantization, international words, affixation.
A comparison of the active surveillance of scrapie in the European Union
Creators: name: Vilas, Victor Javier Del Rio
name: Böhning, Dankmar
name: Kuhnert, Ronny
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsberichterstattung
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Population Surveillance
subject: Animals
subject: Europe/epidemiology
subject: Sheep
subject: Abattoirs/statistics & numerical data
subject: Program Evaluation
subject: Questionnaires/standards
subject: Scrapie/epidemiology
subject: Scrapie/mortality
subject: Scrapie/prevention & control
subject: 610 Medizin

description: The abattoir and the fallen stock surveys constitute the active surveillance component aimed at improving the detection of scrapie across the European Union. Previous studies have suggested the occurrence of significant differences in the operation of the surveys across the EU. In the present study we assessed the standardisation of the surveys throughout time across the EU and identified clusters of countries with similar underlying characteristics allowing comparisons between them. In the absence of sufficient covariate information to explain the observed variability across countries, we modelled the unobserved heterogeneity by means of non-parametric distributions on the risk ratios of the fallen stock over the abattoir survey. More specifically, we used the profile likelihood method on 2003, 2004 and 2005 active surveillance data for 18 European countries on classical scrapie, and on 2004 and 2005 data for atypical scrapie separately. We extended our analyses to include the limited covariate information available, more specifically, the proportion of the adult sheep population sampled by the fallen stock survey every year. Our results show that the between-country heterogeneity dropped in 2004 and 2005 relative to that of 2003 for classical scrapie. As a consequence, the number of clusters in the last two years was also reduced indicating the gradual standardisation of the surveillance efforts across the EU. The crude analyses of the atypical data grouped all the countries in one cluster and showed non-significant gain in the detection of this type of scrapie by any of the two sources. The proportion of the population sampled by the fallen stock appeared significantly associated with our risk ratio for both types of scrapie, although in opposite directions: negative for classical and positive for atypical. The initial justification for the fallen stock, targeting a high-risk population to increase the likelihood of case finding, appears compromised for both types of scrapie in some countries.
Local Speech, Global Acts: Performative Violence and the Novelization of the World
Creators: name: Ortiz-Robles, Mario
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Comparative literature
subject: Literature and history
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: This article examines the performativity of novelistic discourse in order to propose a different set of terms for understanding the circulation of the novel around the world than those that are based on the referential form/content model.
sj-pdf-1-ppa-10.1177_09520767211024033 - Supplemental material for Politicians’ involvement in street-level policy implementation: Implications for social equity
Creators: name: Davidovitz, Maayan
name: Cohen, Nissim
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: classificationCode: 160607
subject: International Relations
classificationCode: 160509
subject: Public Administration
classificationCode: 160512
subject: Social Policy

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ppa-10.1177_09520767211024033 for Politicians’ involvement in street-level policy implementation: Implications for social equity by Maayan Davidovitz and Nissim Cohen in Public Policy and Administration
The Utility of Endothelial-Targeted Recombinant CD39 in Diseases Underpinned by Micro-Vasculopathy
Creators: name: WILLCOX, ABBEY ELIZABETH HOGAN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320199
subject: Cardiovascular medicine and haematology not elsewhere classified

description: CD39 is a protein expressed on cells in blood vessels and blood cells which reduces inflammation and prevents blood clotting. In this thesis we explore whether CD39, targeted to inflamed blood vessels, can prevent the development of diseases which are underpinned by small blood vessel damage and blood clots.
Phylogenetic and case-control study on hepatitis E virus infection in Germany
Creators: name: Wichmann, Ole
name: Schimanski, Sven
name: Koch, Judith
name: Kohler, Martin
name: Rothe, Camilla
name: Plentz, Annelie
name: Jilg, Wolfgang
name: Stark, Klaus
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Infektionsepidemiologie
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Adolescent
subject: Humans
subject: Phylogeny
subject: Female
subject: Genotype
subject: Travel
subject: Germany/epidemiology
subject: Male
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Risk Factors
subject: Child
subject: Adult
subject: Case-Control Studies
subject: Aged
subject: Young Adult
subject: Hepatitis E/epidemiology
subject: Hepatitis E/genetics
subject: Hepatitis E virus/genetics
subject: Aged 80 and over
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Hepatitis E is a classic water-borne disease in developing countries. In Germany, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are notifiable. The number of non–travel-associated infections has increased in recent years, but the route of transmission in most is unknown. Our objective was to determine risk factors for autochthonous HEV infections in Germany. Methods: Cases of HEV met clinical definitions and were confirmed by laboratory analysis (defined as detection of HEV by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] or immunoglobulinMby serologic testing). PCR products from blood or stool samples were genotyped for phylogenetic analysis. A case-control study included case subjects with autochthonous HEV infection and matched control subjects who were randomly recruited from a population-based telephone list. Results: From May 2006 through August 2007, 76 of 96 persons for whom HEV infection had been reported to the routine surveillance system were interviewed. Sixty-six persons had disease that fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 45 (68%) had autochthonous infection, and 21 (32%) had travel-associated disease. Genotypes 3 or 4 were present in 15 of 15 persons with autochthonous infection, and genotype 1 was present in 8 of 9 persons with travel-associated infection. In conditional logistic regression involving 45 case subjects and 135 control subjects, consumption of offal (41% vs. 19%; odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2– 6.2) and wild-boar meat (20% vs. 7%; OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.2–15.9) were independently associated with autochthonous HEV infection. Conclusion: Hepatitis E is endemic in Germany and likely exists as a food-borne zoonosis. Implicated meat products should be investigated to provide recommendations for preventive measures.
Artaud y México
Creators: name: Ortiz-Robles, Mario
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Comparative literature
subject: Drama
subject: French literature
subject: Literature--Philosophy

description: This essay proposes the concept of literary immanence as a new critical model for reading world literature from the perspective of the specific situation experienced by the subject as he or she encounters the world. The literary event is instantiated within three discursive domains: literary immanence, the literary situation into which the subject inscribes him the institutional determinations that turn the encounter into recognizably literary forms. Using the encounter between Antonin Artaud and Mexico in 1936 as an example of a literary situation that is comparative by definition, the argument develops around the subject’s loss of coherence when faced with a magical rea- lity in which language appears to come alive as literature.