cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Long-term Periodicities in the Flux from Low Mass X-ray Binaries
Creators: name: Dieters, Stefan
name: O'Neill, Paul
name: Farrell, Sean
name: Sood, Ravi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data from the All Sky Monitor (ASM) on the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) we have searched for long term periodicities in the X-ray flux of GX 1+4, Sco X-2 (GX 349+2), and GX 339-4. For GX 1+4 we also used data from BATSE and Galactic Centre scans performed by RXTE. We find no evidence for X-ray modulations at the suggested ~304 d orbital period of GX 1+4. However, we find tentative evidence for a periodicity at 420 d to 460 d. An upper limit of 15% peak-to-peak is set on any sinusoidal modulation in the 1.5 - 3.0 keV flux of Sco X-2 for periods in the 30 to 100 d range. For GX 339-4 we confirm the Low State modulation and report the detection of significant low-frequency modulations in both the High State and Very High State. We fail to detect this modulation in the Off State. We show that if the reported orbital period of GX 339-4 lies in the range 0.5 - 1.7 d, then it is not present in the RXTE ASM light curve.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Advanced in Space Research, 16th of March 2005
Influence of Bottom Quark Jet Quenching on Single Electron Tomography of Au+Au
Creators: name: Djordjevic, Magdalena
name: Gyulassy, Miklos
name: Vogt, Ramona
name: Wicks, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High transverse momentum single (non-photonic) electrons are shown to be sensitive to the stopping power of both bottom, b, and charm, c, quarks in AA collisions. We apply the DGLV theory of radiative energy loss to predict c and b quark jet quenching and compare the FONLL and PYTHIA heavy flavor fragmentation and decay schemes. We show that single electrons in the p_T=5-10 GeV range are dominated by the decay of b quarks rather than the more strongly quenched c quarks in Au+Au collisions at sqrt{s}=200 AGeV. The {smaller} b quark energy loss, even for extreme opacities with gluon rapidity densities up to 3500, is predicted to limit the nuclear modification factor, R_{AA}, of single electrons to the range R_{AA} ~ 0.5-0.6, in contrast to previous predictions of R_{AA} ~ 0.2-0.3 based on taking only c quark jet fragmentation into account.
description: 6 pages, 6 eps figures
Global-in-time Semiclassical Regularity for the Hartree-Fock Equation
Creators: name: Chong, Jacky J.
name: Lafleche, Laurent
name: Saffirio, Chiara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q55, 35B65, 82C10, 81Q20

description: For arbitrarily large times $T>0$, we prove the uniform-in-$\hbar$ propagation of semiclassical regularity for the solutions to the Hartree$\unicode{x2013}$Fock equation with singular interactions of the form $V(x)=\pm\,|x|^{-a}$ where $a\in(0,\frac12)$. As a byproduct of this result, we extend to arbitrarily long times the derivation of the Hartree$\unicode{x2013}$Fock and the Vlasov equations from the many-body dynamics provided in [J. Chong, L. Lafleche, C. Saffirio: arXiv:2103.10946 (2021)].
description: 11 pages
AN ECONOMIC ALTERNATIVE TO CONCESSIONAL FARM INTEREST RATES
Creators: name: Baker, Chester B.
name: Baker, Chester B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: A variable amortization plan is proposed, indexing annual payments made by farm mortgage borrowers. A debt reserve balance also is proposed to stabilize payments received by lenders. Research implied by the proposal is outlined, together with modelling suggestions for investigating effects of the plan on farm income after debt servicing requirements have been met.
Recovery from whiplash injury and sequelae : a critical incident analysis
Creators: name: Catapia, Pamela M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Psychological sequelae, chronic pain, as well as other somatic and social problems can develop in some whiplash injured individuals, with a greater impact on quality of life than is usually acknowledged. Quantitative literature reports a high incidence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), travel anxiety, depression, somatization, cognitive impairment, and low self-efficacy that can develop into a chronic impairment. In some instances, these sequelae can evolve into an intractable disability that often prevents individuals from returning to work or usual activities, prolongs their suffering, impairs family life and interpersonal relationships, increases the costs of insurance, increases the litigation rate, and ultimately increases overall losses and costs to society. The purpose of this study was to develop a set of categories that describe what facilitates and what hinders recovery from whiplash injury from the perspective of those experiencing it. Substantial numbers of quantitative studies and literature reviews have been published on whiplash and its sequelae, reflecting the clinician's perspective but omitting the perspective of those experiencing this mind-body problem. The critical incident technique was used to delineate specific factors, events, and behaviours that affect the recovery process. This methodology allows a richer understanding of how and why certain incidents facilitate or hinder recovery from whiplash injury and the types of changes anticipated to enable the most meaningful improvements in these individuals' lives. Implications for counselling of motor vehicle accident victims with whiplash injury and future research were discussed. It was concluded that the categories are useful in a number of ways for those experiencing the injury, their social network, service providers, and researchers.
Constraints on Primordial Black Holes From Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Revisited
Creators: name: Keith, Celeste
name: Hooper, Dan
name: Blinov, Nikita
name: McDermott, Samuel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As space expands, the energy density in black holes increases relative to that of radiation, providing us with motivation to consider scenarios in which the early universe contained a significant abundance of such objects. In this study, we revisit the constraints on primordial black holes derived from measurements of the light element abundances. Black holes and their Hawking evaporation products can impact the era of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) by altering the rate of expansion at the time of neutron-proton freeze-out, as well as by radiating mesons which can convert protons into neutrons and vice versa. Such black holes can thus enhance the primordial neutron-to-proton ratio, and increase the amount of helium that is ultimately produced. Additionally, the products of Hawking evaporation can break up helium nuclei, which both reduces the helium abundance and increases the abundance of primordial deuterium. Building upon previous work, we make use of modern deuterium and helium measurements to derive stringent constraints on black holes which evaporate in $t_{\rm evap} \sim 10^{-1}$ s to $\sim 10^{13}$ s (corresponding to $M \sim 6\times 10^8$ g to $\sim 2 \times 10^{13}$ g, assuming Standard Model particle content). We also consider how physics beyond the Standard Model could impact these constraints. Due to the gravitational nature of Hawking evaporation, the rate at which a black hole evaporates, and the types of particles that are produced through this process, depend on the complete particle spectrum. Within this context, we discuss scenarios which feature a large number of decoupled degrees-of-freedom (\ie~large hidden sectors), as well as models of TeV-scale supersymmetry.
Spuleria flavicaput
Creators: name: Joos, R Enato
name: Fritsch, Dieter
name: Bryner, Rudolf
name: Billen, Wolfgang
name: Wicki, Christoph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Elachistidae
Spuleria
Spuleria flavicaput

description: 2060 Spuleria flavicaput (Haworth, 1828), Abb. 3f
Münchenstein (BL), Merian Gärten, 27.5.2015. Von dieser Art liegen nur ganz wenige Beobachtungen aus der Schweiz vor. Die meisten stammen aus der ersten Hälfte des letzten Jahrhunderts. Neben dem jetzigen Fund in Basel sind neuere Nachweise aus Graubünden und aus dem Berner Jura bekannt. Die Raupen entwickeln sich im Innern von Weissdorn-Zweigen Crataegus sp.
description: Published as part of Joos, R Enato, Fritsch, Dieter, Bryner, Rudolf, Billen, Wolfgang & Wicki, Christoph, 2018, Vielfalt der nachtaktiven Gross- und Kleinschmetterlinge in zwei Parkanlagen bei Basel, pp. 57-71 in Entomo Helvetica 11 on page 62, DOI: 10.5169/seals-986024, http://zenodo.org/record/8034307
Folding a 2-D powder diffraction image into a 1-D scan: a new procedure
Creators: name: Cervellino, Antonio
name: Giannini, Cinzia
name: Guagliardi, Antonietta
name: Ladisa, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new procedure aiming at folding a powder diffraction 2-D into a 1-D scan is presented. The technique consists of three steps: tracking the beam centre by means of a Simulated Annealing (SA) of the diffraction rings along the same axis, detector tilt and rotation determination by a Hankel Lanczos Singular Value Decomposition (HLSVD) and intensity integration by an adaptive binning algorithm. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) intensity profile of the standard NIST Si 640c sample is used to test the performances. Results show the robustness of the method and its capability of efficiently tagging the pixels in a 2-D readout system by matching the ideal geometry of the detector to the real beam-sample-detector frame. The whole technique turns out in a versatile and user-friendly tool for the $2\vartheta$ scanning of 2-D XRPD profiles.
description: 11 pages, 1 table, 2 figures
A review of Generative Adversarial Networks for Electronic Health Records: applications, evaluation measures and data sources
Creators: name: Ghosheh, Ghadeer
name: Li, Jin
name: Zhu, Tingting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are a valuable asset to facilitate clinical research and point of care applications; however, many challenges such as data privacy concerns impede its optimal utilization. Deep generative models, particularly, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) show great promise in generating synthetic EHR data by learning underlying data distributions while achieving excellent performance and addressing these challenges. This work aims to review the major developments in various applications of GANs for EHRs and provides an overview of the proposed methodologies. For this purpose, we combine perspectives from healthcare applications and machine learning techniques in terms of source datasets and the fidelity and privacy evaluation of the generated synthetic datasets. We also compile a list of the metrics and datasets used by the reviewed works, which can be utilized as benchmarks for future research in the field. We conclude by discussing challenges in GANs for EHRs development and proposing recommended practices. We hope that this work motivates novel research development directions in the intersection of healthcare and machine learning.
Heterogeneous gradient flows in the topology of fibered optimal transport
Creators: name: Peszek, Jan
name: Poyato, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35A15 (Primary) 28A33, 35B40, 49K20, 70G75 (Secondary)

description: We introduce an optimal transport topology on the space of probability measures over a fiber bundle, which penalizes the transport cost from one fiber to another. For simplicity, we illustrate our construction in the Euclidean case $\mathbb{R}^d\times \mathbb{R}^d$, where we penalize the quadratic cost in the second component. Optimal transport becomes then constrained to happen along fixed fibers. Despite the degeneracy of the infinitely-valued and discontinuous cost, we prove that the space of probability measures $(\mathcal{P}_{2,ν}(\mathbb{R}^{2d}),W_{2,ν})$ with fixed marginal $ν\in \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ in the second component becomes a Polish space under the fibered transport distance, which enjoys a weak Riemannian structure reminiscent of the one proposed by F. Otto for the classical quadratic Wasserstein space. Three fundamental issues are addressed: 1) We develop an abstract theory of gradient flows with respect to the new topology; 2) We show applications that identify a novel fibered gradient flow structure on a large class of evolution PDEs with heterogeneities; 3) We exploit our method to derive long-time behavior and global-in-time mean-field limits in a multidimensional Cucker-Smale-type alignment model with weakly singular coupling.
description: 59 pages
COMMON PROPERTY, PRIVATE PROPERTY AND REGULATION THE CASE OF DRYLAND SALINITY
Creators: name: Quiggin, John C.
name: Quiggin, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: The term 'common property' has frequently been misapplied to situations where no property rights exist. Common property rights have provided a workable alternative to private property in many historical situations. Common property concepts and institutions can also play a major role in analysing and responding to current environmental problems. In this paper, the problem of dryland salinity is examined and solutions based on common property, private property and regulation are compared.
Open String BRST Cohomology for Generalized Complex Branes
Creators: name: Kapustin, Anton
name: Li, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It has been shown recently that the geometry of D-branes in general topologically twisted (2,2) sigma-models can be described in the language of generalized complex structures. On general grounds such D-branes (called generalized complex (GC) branes) must form a category. We compute the BRST cohomology of open strings with both ends on the same GC brane. In mathematical terms, we determine spaces of endomorphisms in the category of GC branes. We find that the BRST cohomology can be expressed as the cohomology of a Lie algebroid canonically associated to any GC brane. In the special case of B-branes, this leads to an apparently new way to compute Ext groups of holomorphic line bundles supported on complex submanifolds: while the usual method leads to a spectral sequence converging to the Ext, our approach expresses the Ext group as the cohomology of a certain differential acting on the space of smooth sections of a graded vector bundle on the submanifold. In the case of coisotropic A-branes, our computation confirms a proposal of D. Orlov and one of the authors (A.K.).
description: 16 pages, latex
The dynamical quantum Zeno effect in quantum decision theory
Creators: name: Rossi, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper it is proposed the dynamical quantum Zeno Effect in quantum decision theory. The measurement postulate is not an essential ingredient for the explanation of the quantum Zeno effect, a dynamical account is given in quantum physics. In this account, the entanglement between the system of interest and the apparatus inhibit the quantum transition. The collapse postulate is not considered. It is show in this paper that the belief-action entanglement model provides a mathematical framework for the dynamical quantum Zeno effect in quantum decision theory. It is also shown that, in this context the dynamical account implies that opinion change process can be inhibited by frequent evaluations of intentions to act.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
A BAYESIAN FRAMEWORK FOR OPTIMAL INPUT ALLOCATION WITH AN UNCERTAIN STOCHASTIC PRODUCTION FUNCTION
Creators: name: Griffiths, William E.
name: Griffiths, William E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Risk and Uncertainty

description: A Bayesian approach is used to provide a framework for optimal input allocation for a stochastic production function with uncertain parameters. The chosen production function is a single-input version of a function which can exhibit positive or negative marginal risk. The sensitivity of optimal input allocation to the degree of risk aversion, the marginal risk parameter, and the assumed level of uncertainty about the parameters is examined. Using an example problem it is shown that parameter uncertainty will not always lead to a lower input level when a producer is risk averse. Some problems with the production function specification are uncovered, as is the incompatibility of some expected utility and stochastic assumptions.
On the eternal non-Markovianity of non-unital quantum channels
Creators: name: Utagi, Shrikant
name: Banerjee, Subhashish
name: Srikanth, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The eternally non-Markovian Pauli channel is an example of a unital channel characterized by a negative decay rate for all time $t>0$. Here we consider the problem of constructing an analogous non-unital channel, and show in particular that a $d$-dimensional generalized amplitude damping (GAD) channel cannot be eternally non-Markovian when the non-Markovianity originates solely from the non-unital part of the channel. We study specific ramifications of this result for qubit GAD. Specifically, we construct a quasi-eternally non-Markovian qubit GAD channel, characterized by a time $t^\ast > 0$, such that the channel is non-Markovian only and for all time $t > t^\ast$. We further point out that our negative result for the qudit GAD channel, namely the impossibility of the eternal non-Markovian property, does not hold for a general qubit or higher-dimensional non-unital channel.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures; Accepted in International Journal of Quantum Information
Integrating counselling and psychiatry in the treatment of mental illness : an inside perspective
Creators: name: Wachowski, Sonya H.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This autoethnographical study addresses the lack of qualitative research in the field of research in mental illness, specifically bipolar disorder. Historically, the narrative of the individuals who experience incapacitating emotional and psychological distress have not been recognized for their power to instruct and inform about psychiatric conditions and psychotherapeutic treatment. The purpose of this study is to present a first person account of the lived experience of treatment for mental illness, specifically bipolar disorder, in order to highlight alternative frameworks for conceptualising and treating people who have been diagnosed with a mental illness. Using narratives based on my own personal experience, I intend to show ways in which postmodern treatment approaches that incorporate client centred personal counselling along side the effective use of pharmacotherapy can transform patients into active and empowered participants in their own recovery process.
On the $L^2$ Rate of Convergence in the Limit from the Hartree to the Vlasov$\unicode{x2013}$Poisson Equation
Creators: name: Chong, Jacky J.
name: Lafleche, Laurent
name: Saffirio, Chiara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q20, 35Q55, 35Q83 (Primary) 82C10, 82C05 (Secondary)

description: Using a new stability estimate for the difference of the square roots of two solutions of the Vlasov$\unicode{x2013}$Poisson equation, we obtain the convergence in the $L^2$ norm of the Wigner transform of a solution of the Hartree equation with Coulomb potential to a solution of the Vlasov$\unicode{x2013}$Poisson equation, with a rate of convergence proportional to $\hbar$. This improves the $\hbar^{3/4-\varepsilon}$ rate of convergence in $L^2$ obtained in [L.~Lafleche, C.~Saffirio: Analysis & PDE, to appear]. Another reason of interest of this paper is the new method, reminiscent of the ones used to prove the mean-field limit from the many-body Schrödinger equation towards the Hartree$\unicode{x2013}$Fock equation for mixed states.
description: 21 pages
Static and Dynamic Properties of Trapped Fermionic Tonks-Girardeau Gases
Creators: name: Girardeau, M. D.
name: Wright, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate some exact static and dynamic properties of one-dimensional fermionic Tonks-Girardeau gases in tight de Broglie waveguides with attractive p-wave interactions induced by a Feshbach resonance. A closed form solution for the one-body density matrix for harmonic trapping is analyzed in terms of its natural orbitals, with the surprising result that for odd, but not for even, numbers of fermions the maximally occupied natural orbital coincides with the ground harmonic oscillator orbital and has the maximally allowed fermionic occupancy of unity. The exact dynamics of the trapped gas following turnoff of the p-wave interactions are explored.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PRL
SOME CURRENT ISSUES IN THE MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
Creators: name: Richardson, Bob
name: Richardson, Bob
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The subject of 'marketing' as a field of agricultural policy and applied research is discussed in this paper. Agribusiness approaches to marketing advanced in recent years are argued to have made little contribution to policy or research and are rejected in favour of the more traditional framework of applied economic analysis. Developments in government policy on national statutory marketing authorities for agricultural products are appraised along with some evidence on the allocation of research effort revealed in professional journals. It is argued that more research should be conducted on the impact of the promotion of agricultural products and on the efficiency and distributional impact of marketing policies of statutory marketing authorities.
Aligning and Linking Entity mentions in Image, Text, and Knowledge Base
Creators: name: Shahi Dost
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80104 Computer Vision
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computer Software
subject: 170203 Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Aligning and Linking Entity mentions in Image, Text, and Knowledge Base
ColorCode: A Bayesian Approach to Augmentative and Alternative Communication with Two Buttons
Creators: name: Daly, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many people with severely limited muscle control can only communicate through augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems with a small number of buttons. In this paper, we present the design for ColorCode, which is an AAC system with two buttons that uses Bayesian inference to determine what the user wishes to communicate. Our information-theoretic analysis of ColorCode simulations shows that it is efficient in extracting information from the user, even in the presence of errors, achieving nearly optimal error correction. ColorCode is provided as open source software (https://github.com/mrdaly/ColorCode).
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, SLPAT Workshop - ACL 2022
Chiral filtration of light by Weyl-semimetal medium
Creators: name: Chtchelkatchev, Nikolay M.
name: Berman, Oleg L.
name: Kezerashvili, Roman Ya.
name: Lozovik, Yurii E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently discussed topological materials Weyl-semimetals (WSs) combine both: high electron mobility comparable with graphene and unique topological protection of Dirac points. We present novel results related to electromagnetic field propagation through WSs. It is predicted that transmission of the normally incident polarized electromagnetic wave (EMW) through the WS strongly depends on the orientation of polarization with respect to a gyration vector $\mathbf{g}$. The latter is related to the vector-parameter $\mathbf{b}$, which represents the separation between the Weyl nodes of opposite chirality in the first Brillouin zone. By changing the polarization of the incident EMW with respect to the gyration vector $\mathbf{g}$ the system undergoes the transition from the isotropic dielectric to the medium with Kerr- or Faraday-like rotation of polarization and finally to the system with chiral selective electromagnetic field. It is shown that WSs can be applied as the polarization filters.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
International Harmonization and the Gains from Trade
Creators: name: Kerr, William A.
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: demand effects
subject: harmonization
subject: regulation
subject: standards
subject: switching costs
subject: TBT

description: International harmonization of standards and regulations is often a goal expressed in trade agreements because it is expected to yield gains from trade. Absence of progress toward harmonization is often interpreted as being motivated by protectionism, with differences in standards and regulations seen as non-tariff barriers. While protectionism may well be the source of resistance to harmonization, there may be other reasons it is not pursued. These alternative explanations have not received much attention from economists. In this article some of these alternatives are outlined - demand effects from altering standards, switching costs, proprietary technologies. The article concludes that proposals for international harmonization need to be scrutinized carefully.
The Importance of Cognitive Domains and the Returns to Schooling in South Africa: Evidence from Two Labor Surveys
Creators: name: Nikolov, Plamen
name: Jimi, Nusrat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Numerous studies have considered the important role of cognition in estimating the returns to schooling. How cognitive abilities affect schooling may have important policy implications, especially in developing countries during periods of increasing educational attainment. Using two longitudinal labor surveys that collect direct proxy measures of cognitive skills, we study the importance of specific cognitive domains for the returns to schooling in two samples. We instrument for schooling levels and we find that each additional year of schooling leads to an increase in earnings by approximately 18-20 percent. The estimated effect sizes-based on the two-stage least squares estimates-are above the corresponding ordinary least squares estimates. Furthermore, we estimate and demonstrate the importance of specific cognitive domains in the classical Mincer equation. We find that executive functioning skills (i.e., memory and orientation) are important drivers of earnings in the rural sample, whereas higher-order cognitive skills (i.e., numeracy) are more important for determining earnings in the urban sample. Although numeracy is tested in both samples, it is only a statistically significant predictor of earnings in the urban sample.
Simulation and performance analysis of quantum error correction with a rotated surface code under a realistic noise model
Creators: name: Katsuda, Mitsuki
name: Mitarai, Kosuke
name: Fujii, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The demonstration of quantum error correction (QEC) is one of the most important milestones in the realization of fully-fledged quantum computers. Toward this, QEC experiments using the surface codes have recently been actively conducted. However, it has not yet been realized to protect logical quantum information beyond the physical coherence time. In this work, we performed a full simulation of QEC for the rotated surface codes with a code distance 5, which employs 49 qubits and is within reach of the current state-of-the-art quantum computers. In particular, we evaluate the logical error probability in a realistic noise model that incorporates not only stochastic Pauli errors but also coherent errors due to a systematic control error or unintended interactions. While a straightforward simulation of 49 qubits is not tractable within a reasonable computational time, we reduced the number of qubits required to 26 qubits by delaying the syndrome measurement in simulation. This and a fast quantum computer simulator, Qulacs, implemented on GPU allows us to simulate full QEC with an arbitrary local noise within reasonable simulation time. Based on the numerical results, we also construct and verify an effective model to incorporate the effect of the coherent error into a stochastic noise model. This allows us to understand what the effect coherent error has on the logical error probability on a large scale without full simulation based on the detailed full simulation of a small scale. The present simulation framework and effective model, which can handle arbitrary local noise, will play a vital role in clarifying the physical parameters that future experimental QEC should target.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Undulating Dark Matter
Creators: name: Davighi, Joe
name: McCullough, Matthew
name: Tooby-Smith, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest that an interplay between microscopic and macroscopic physics can give rise to dark matter (DM) whose interactions with the visible sector fundamentally undulate in time, independent of celestial dynamics. A concrete example is provided by fermionic DM with an electric dipole moment (EDM) sourced by an oscillating axion-like field, resulting in undulations in the scattering rate. The discovery potential of light DM searches can be enhanced by additionally searching for undulating scattering rates, especially in detection regions where background rates are large and difficult to estimate, such as for DM masses in the vicinity of 1 MeV where DM-electron scattering dominantly populates the single electron bin. An undulating signal could also reveal precious dark sector information after discovery. In this regard we emphasise that, if the recent XENON1T excess of events is due to light DM scattering exothermically off electrons, future analyses of the time-dependence of events could offer clues as to the microscopic origins of the putative signal.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Orbital effects of Sun's mass loss and the Earth's fate
Creators: name: Iorio, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I calculate the classical effects induced by an isotropic mass loss of a body on the orbital motion of a test particle around it. By applying my results to the phase in which the radius of the Sun, already moved to the Red Giant Branch of the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, will become as large as 1.20 AU in about 1 Myr, I find that the Earth's perihelion position on the fixed line of the apsides will increase by about 0.22-0.25 AU (for \dot M/M = 2 x 10^-7 yr^-1); other researchers point towards an increase of 0.37-0.63 AU. Mercury will be destroyed already at the end of the Main Sequence, while Venus should be engulfed in the initial phase of the Red Giant Branch phase; the orbits of the outer planets will increase by 1.2-7.5 AU. Simultane- ous long-term numerical integrations of the equations of motion of all the major bodies of the solar system, with the inclusion of a mass-loss term in the dynamical force models as well, are required to check if the mutual N-body interactions may substantially change the picture analytically outlined here, especially in the Red Giant Branch phase in which Mercury and Venus may be removed from the integration.
description: Latex2e, 21 pages, 2 tables, 3 figures, 29 references. To appear in Natural Science (NS)
Contingent Protection Measures and the Management of the Softwood Lumber Trade in North America
Creators: name: Froese, Marc D.
name: Froese, Marc D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Antidumping
subject: countervailing duties
subject: dispute settlement
subject: softwood
subject: trade policy
subject: WTO

description: This article examines Canada's softwood lumber dispute with the United States in the context of new juridical models of international dispute settlement and an evolving trade policy environment in North America. Two questions are of central importance to this study. First, what does the rise of contingent protection measures mean for Canada's regulatory model? Strong antidumping legislation has created a new order of trade conflict at a time when intrasectoral competition has increased state support in a number of sectors. Second, how do American antidumping trade remedy measures come to bear in this dispute? In the softwood case, dispute settlement has been less effective because Canada, as the smaller economy, faces the challenge of enforcing panel decisions when the respondent has the power to avoid compliance.
Contingent Protection Measures and the Management of the Softwood Lumber Trade in North America: Technical Annex
Creators: name: Froese, Marc D.
name: Froese, Marc D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This document is the technical annex to the full paper "Contingent Protection Measures and the Management of the Softwood Lumber Trade in North America" which is available separately.
Tracing the spiral arms in IP Pegasi
Creators: name: Baptista, R.
name: Morales-Rueda, L.
name: Harlaftis, E. T.
name: Marsh, T. R.
name: Steeghs, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the analysis of time-resolved spectroscopy of IP Pegasi in outburst with eclipse mapping techniques to investigate the location and geometry of the observed spiral structures. We were able to obtain an improved view of the spiral structures with the aid of light curves extracted in velocity bins matching the observed range of velocities of the spiral arms combined with a double default map tailored for reconstruction of asymmetric structures. Two-armed spiral structures are clearly seen in all eclipse maps. The arms are located at different distances from the disc centre. The ``blue'' arm is farther out in the disc (R= 0.55 +/- 0.05 R_{L1}) than the ``red'' arm (R= 0.30 +/- 0.05 R_{L1}). There are evidences that the velocity of the emitting gas along the spiral pattern is lower than the Keplerian velocity for the same disc radius. The discrepancy is smaller in the outer arm (measured velocities 10-15 per cent lower than Keplerian) and is more significant in the inner arm (observed velocities up to 40 per cent lower than Keplerian). We measured the opening angle of the spirals from the azimuthal intensity distribution of the eclipse maps to be ϕ= 25 +/- 3 degrees. A comparison with similar measurements on data at different outburst stages reveals that the opening angle of the spiral arms in IP Peg decreases while the outbursting accretion disc cools and shrinks, in agreement with the expected evolution of a tidally driven spiral wave. The sub-Keplerian velocities along the spiral pattern and the clear correlation between the opening angle of the spirals and the outburst stage favors the interpretation of these asymmetric structures as tidally-induced spiral shocks.
description: 12 pages, 8 postscript figures, coded with A&A latex macro package. To appear in Astromony & Astrophysics
The Unified Equation of State for Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
name: Gui, Yuan-xing
name: Zhang, Suhong
name: Guo, Guanghai
name: Shao, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assume that dark matter and dark energy satisfy the unified equation of state: $p=B(z)ρ$, with $p=p_{dE}$, $ρ=ρ_{dm}+ρ_{dE}$, where the pressure of dark matter $p_{dm}=0$ has been taken into account. A special function $B=-\frac{A}{(1+z)^α}$ is presented, which can well describe the evolution of the universe. In this model, the universe will end up with a Big Rip. By further simple analysis, we know other choices of the function $B$ can also describe the universe but lead to a different doomsday.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, ws-mpla.cls, accepted by MPLA
EOSC-hub D4.1 Operational requirements for the services in the catalogue
Creators: name: Viljoen, Matthew
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: This document summarizes the common requirements and recommendations that will be applied to the services in the European Open Science Cloud EOSC-hub catalogue to be considered production, be exposed to the users, and to be integrated with the EOSC-hub operations infrastructure.
Environmental Regulations and Agricultural Competitiveness
Creators: name: Colyer, Dale
name: Colyer, Dale
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: agricultural policy
subject: agricultural trade
subject: competitiveness
subject: environment
subject: environmental regulation

description: The cost of meeting environmental regulations can be a critical factor in determining the competitiveness of a product, since the cost advantages of producers in one country are often very slim. The existence of negative externalities means that prices are lower than would prevail if all costs where included in the prices of the products. Additional costs associated with new regulations have an effect on the continued importance of a country's agricultural exports. Governments often assist their agricultural sectors in overcoming the disadvantages through subsidies, tax breaks, technical assistance or other means. This assistance increasingly takes the form of green payments, which are currently exempt from the WTO limits imposed on domestic subsidies. Competitiveness can be either enhanced or diminished by the environmental regimes of competing nations.
Do Private Household Transfers to the Elderly Respond to Public Pension Benefits? Evidence from Rural China
Creators: name: Nikolov, Plamen
name: Adelman, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Ageing populations in developing countries have spurred the introduction of public pension programs to preserve the standard of living for the elderly. The often-overlooked mechanism of intergenerational transfers, however, can dampen these intended policy effects as adult children who make income contributions to their parents could adjust their behavior to changes in their parents' income. Exploiting a unique policy intervention in China, we examine using a difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD) approach how a new pension program impacts inter vivos transfers. We show that pension benefits lower the propensity of receiving transfers from adult children in the context of a large middle-income country and we also estimate a small crowd-out effect. Taken together, these estimates fit the pattern of previous research in high-income countries, although our estimates of the crowd-out effect are significantly smaller than previous studies in both high-income and middle-income countries.
Parisian ruin with power-asymmetric variance near the optimal point with application to many-inputs proportional reinsurance
Creators: name: Ievlev, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G15, 60G70

description: This paper investigates the Parisian ruin probability for processes with power-asymmetric behavior of the variance near the unique optimal point. We derive the exact asymptotics as the ruin boundary tends to infinity and extend the previous result arXiv:1504.07061 to the case when the length of Parisian interval is of Pickands scale. As a primary application, we extend the recent result arXiv:2010.00222 on the many inputs proportional reinsurance fractional Brownian motion risk model to the Parisian ruin.
An Anomalous Reentrant 5/2 Quantum Hall Phase at Moderate Landau-Level-Mixing Strength
Creators: name: Das, Sudipto
name: Das, Sahana
name: Mandal, Sudhansu S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A successful probing of neutral Majorana mode in recent thermal Hall conductivity measurements opines in favor of the particle-hole symmetric Pfaffian (PH-Pf) topological order, contrasting the theoretical predictions of Pfaffian or anti-Pfaffian phases. Here we report a reentrant anomalous quantized phase which is found to be gapped in the thermodynamic limit, distinct from the conventional Pfaffian, anti-Pfaffian, or PH-Pf phases, at an intermediate strength of Landau level mixing. Our proposed wave function consistent with the PH-Pf shift in spherical geometry rightly captures the topological order of this phase, as its overlap with the exact ground state is very high and it reproduces low-lying entanglement spectra. A unique topological order, irrespective of the flux shifts, found for this phase possibly corroborates the experimentally found topological order.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures. The title and abstract have minor modifications. The manuscript and supplementary are mostly rewritten
Equation of state and Beginning of Thermalization After Preheating
Creators: name: Podolsky, Dmitry I.
name: Felder, Gary N.
name: Kofman, Lev
name: Peloso, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the out-of-equilibrium nonlinear dynamics of fields after post-inflationary preheating. During preheating, the energy in the homogeneous inflaton is exponentially rapidly transfered into highly occupied out-of-equilibrium inhomogeneous modes, which subsequently evolve towards equilibrium. The infrared modes excited during preheating evolve towards a saturated distribution long before thermalization completes. We compute the equation of state during and immediately after preheating. It rapidly evolves towards radiation domination long before the actual thermal equilibrium is established. The exact time of this transition is a non-monotonic function of the coupling between the inflaton and the decay products, and it varies only very weakly (around 10^(-35) s) as this coupling changes over several orders of magnitude. This result is applied to refine the relation between the number of efoldings N and the physical wavelength of perturbations generated during inflation. We also discuss the implications for the theory of modulated perturbations from preheating. We finally argue that many questions of the thermal history of the universe should be addressed in terms of pre-thermalization, illustrating this point with a calculation of perturbative production of gravitinos immediately after chaotic inflation. We also highlight the effects of three-legs inflaton interactions on the dynamics of preheating and thermalization in an expanding universe.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures
SparseFusion: Dynamic Human Avatar Modeling from Sparse RGBD Images
Creators: name: Zuo, Xinxin
name: Wang, Sen
name: Zheng, Jiangbin
name: Yu, Weiwei
name: Gong, Minglun
name: Yang, Ruigang
name: Cheng, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a novel approach to reconstruct 3D human body shapes based on a sparse set of RGBD frames using a single RGBD camera. We specifically focus on the realistic settings where human subjects move freely during the capture. The main challenge is how to robustly fuse these sparse frames into a canonical 3D model, under pose changes and surface occlusions. This is addressed by our new framework consisting of the following steps. First, based on a generative human template, for every two frames having sufficient overlap, an initial pairwise alignment is performed; It is followed by a global non-rigid registration procedure, in which partial results from RGBD frames are collected into a unified 3D shape, under the guidance of correspondences from the pairwise alignment; Finally, the texture map of the reconstructed human model is optimized to deliver a clear and spatially consistent texture. Empirical evaluations on synthetic and real datasets demonstrate both quantitatively and qualitatively the superior performance of our framework in reconstructing complete 3D human models with high fidelity. It is worth noting that our framework is flexible, with potential applications going beyond shape reconstruction. As an example, we showcase its use in reshaping and reposing to a new avatar.
description: Accepted by TMM
The frontier of darkness: the cases of GRB 040223, GRB 040422, GRB 040624
Creators: name: D'Avanzo, P.
name: Filliatre, P.
name: Goldoni, P.
name: Antonelli, L. A.
name: Campana, S.
name: Chincarini, G.
name: Covino, S.
name: Cucchiara, A.
name: Della Valle, M.
name: De Luca, A.
name: Foley, S.
name: Fugazza, D.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Götz, D.
name: Hanlon, L.
name: Israel, G. L.
name: Malesani, D.
name: McBreen, B.
name: McBreen, S.
name: McGlynn, S.
name: Mereghetti, S.
name: Moran, L.
name: Nousek, J. A.
name: Perna, R.
name: Stella, L.
name: Tagliaferri, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the reasons for the faintness of the optical/near-infrared afterglows of the so-called dark bursts is essential to assess whether they form a subclass of GRBs, and hence for the use of GRBs in cosmology. With VLT and other ground-based telescopes, we searched for the afterglows of the INTEGRAL bursts GRB 040223, GRB 040422 and GRB 040624 in the first hours after the triggers. A detection of a faint afterglow and of the host galaxy in the K band was achieved for GRB 040422, while only upper limits were obtained for GRB 040223 and GRB 040624, although in the former case the X-ray afterglow was observed. A comparison with the magnitudes of a sample of afterglows clearly shows the faintness of these bursts, which are good examples of a population that an increasing usage of large diameter telescopes is beginning to unveil.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the 16th Annual October Astrophysics Conference in Maryland "Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift Era", eds. S. Holt, N. Gehrels & J. Nousek