cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies - the lowest mass relics from before reionization
Creators: name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Sutherland, Ralph
name: Webster, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New observations indicate that ultrafaint dwarf galaxies (UFD) -- the least luminous systems bound by dark matter halos (<10^5 Lsun) -- may have formed before reionization. The extrapolated virial masses today are uncertain with estimates ranging from 10^8 Msun to 10^9 Msun. We show that the progenitor halo masses of UFDs can be as low as Mvir = 10^7 Msun. Under the right conditions, such a halo can survive the energy input of a supernova and its radiative progenitor. A clumpy medium is much less susceptible to both internal and external injections of energy. It is less prone to SN sweeping because the coupling efficiency of the explosive energy is much lower than for a diffuse ISM. With the aid of the 3D hydro/ionization code Fyris, we show that sufficient baryons are retained to form stars following a single supernova event in dark matter halos down to Mvir ~ 10^7 Msun with radiative cooling. The gas survives the SN explosion, is enriched with the abundance yields of the discrete events, and reaches surface densities where low mass stars can form. Our highest resolution simulations reveal why cooling is so effective in retaining gas compared to any other factor. In the early stages, the super-hot metal-enriched SN ejecta exhibit strong cooling, leading to much of the explosive energy being lost. Consistent with earlier work, the baryons do *not* survive in smooth or adiabatic models in the event of a supernova. The smallest galaxies carry signatures of the earliest epochs of star formation, which may distinguish a small primordial galaxy from one that was stripped down to its present size through tidal interaction. We discuss these results in the context of local UFDs and damped Ly-alpha systems (z~2) at very low metallicity ([Fe/H] ~ -3). We show that both classes of objects are consistent with primordial low-mass systems that have experienced only a few enrichment events.
description: 32 pages, 25 figures, accepted by ApJ
CB1 cannabinoid receptors promote maximal FAK catalytic activity by stimulating cooperative signaling between receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins in neuronal cells
Creators: name: Peterson, Lynda J.
name: Dalton, George D.
name: Howlett, Allyn C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr-P) of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) regulates FAK activation. Phosphorylated FAK Tyr 397 binds Src family kinases (Src), which in turn directly phosphorylate FAK Tyr 576/577 to produce maximal FAK enzymatic activity. CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1) are abundantly expressed in the nervous system and influence FAK activation by presently unknown mechanisms. The current investigation determined CB1-stimulated maximal FAK catalytic activity is mediated by Gi/o proteins in N18TG2 neuronal cells, and that G12/13 regulation of Rac1 and RhoA occurs concomitantly. Immunoblotting analyses using antibodies against FAK phospho-Tyr 397 and phospho-Tyr 576/577 demonstrated the time-course of CB1-stimulated FAK 576/577 Tyr-P occurred in three phases: Phase I (0-2 min) maximal Tyr-P, Phase II (5-20 min) rapid decline in Tyr-P, and Phase III (>20 min) plateau in Tyr-P at submaximal levels. In contrast, FAK 397 Tyr-P was monophasic and significantly lower in magnitude. FAK 397 Tyr-P and Phase I FAK 576/577 Tyr-P involved protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B, Shp1/Shp2)-mediated Src activation, Protein Kinase A (PKA) inhibition, and integrin activation. Phase I maximal FAK 576/577 Tyr-P also required cooperative signaling between receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrins. The integrin antagonist RGDS peptide, Flk-1 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) antagonist SU5416, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist AG 1478 blocked Phase I FAK 576/577 Tyr-P. CB1 agonists failed to stimulate FAK Tyr-P in the absence of integrin activation upon suspension in serum-free culture media. In contrast, cells grown on the integrin ligands fibronectin and laminin displayed increased FAK 576/577 Tyr-P that was augmented by CB1 agonists and blocked by the Src inhibitor PP2 and Flk-1 VEGFR antagonist SU5416. Taken together, these studies have identified a complex integrative pathway utilized by CB1 to stimulate maximal FAK 576/577 Tyr-P in neuronal cells.
Supplementary Text, Figures and Tables from An evolutionary model to predict the frequency of antibiotic resistance under seasonal antibiotic use, and an application to Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Creators: name: Blanquart, François
name: Lehtinen, Sonja
name: Fraser, Christophe
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The frequency of resistance to antibiotics in Streptococcus pneumoniae has been stable over recent decades. For example, penicillin non-susceptibility in Europe has fluctuated between 12% and 16% without any major time trend. In spite of long-term stability, resistance fluctuates over short time scales, presumably in part due to seasonal fluctuations in antibiotic prescriptions. Here, we develop a model that describes the evolution of antibiotic resistance under selection by multiple antibiotics prescribed at seasonally changing rates. This model was inspired by, and fitted to, published data on monthly antibiotics prescriptions and frequency of resistance in two communities in Israel over 5 years. Seasonal fluctuations in antibiotic usage translate into small fluctuations of the frequency of resistance around the average value. We describe these dynamics using a perturbation approach that encapsulates all ecological and evolutionary forces into a generic model, whose parameters quantify a force stabilizing the frequency of resistance around the equilibrium and the sensitivity of the population to antibiotic selection. Fitting the model to the data revealed a strong stabilizing force, typically two to five times stronger than direct selection due to antibiotics. The strong stabilizing force explains that resistance fluctuates in phase with usage, as antibiotic selection alone would result in resistance fluctuating behind usage with a lag of three months when antibiotic use is seasonal. While most antibiotics selected for increased resistance, intriguingly, cephalosporins selected for decreased resistance to penicillins and macrolides, an effect consistent in the two communities. One extra monthly prescription of cephalosporins per 1000 children decreased the frequency of penicillin-resistant strains by 1.7%. This model emerges under minimal assumptions, quantifies the forces acting on resistance and explains up to 43% of the temporal variation in resistance.
An adic dynamical system related to the Delannoy numbers
Creators: name: Petersen, Karl
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We introduce an adic (Bratteli-Vershik) dynamical system based on a diagram whose path counts from the root are the Delannoy numbers. We identify the ergodic invariant measures, prove total ergodicity for each of them, and initiate the study of the dimension group and other dynamical properties.
(3347) Elizabeth Frances Crofts
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
First-Principle Study of Dislocation Slips in Impurity Doped Graphene
Creators: name: Meng, Fanchao
name: Ouyang, Bin
name: Song, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, the generalized-stacking-fault energy (GSFE) curves along two crystallographic slips, glide and shuffle, for both pristine graphene and impurity of boron (B) or nitrogen (N) doped graphene were examined. The effects of B and N doping on the GSFE were clarified and correlated with local electron interactions and bonding configurations. The GSFE data were then used to analyze dislocation dipole and core structure, and subsequently combined with the Peierls-Nabarro (P-N) model to examine the role of doping on several key characteristics of dislocations in graphene. We showed that the GSFE curve may be significantly altered by the presence of dopants, which subsequently leads to profound modulations of dislocation properties, such as increasing spontaneous pair-annihilation distance and reducing resistance to dislocation slip. Our results indicate that doping can play an important role in controlling dislocation density and microscopic plasticity in graphene, thereby providing critical insights for dopant-mediated defect engineering in graphene.
description: 35 pages, 9 figures
Enhanced numerical integration scheme based on image compression techniques : application to rational polygonal interpolants
Creators: name: Petö, Márton
name: Duvigneau, Fabian
name: Juhre, Daniel
name: Eisenträger, Sascha
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fictitious domain methods
subject: Polygonal finite element method
subject: Polygonal finite cell method
subject: Discontinuous integrands
subject: Compressed quadtree-decomposition
subject: 621.8

description: Polygonal finite elements offer an increased freedom in terms of mesh generation at the price of more complex, often rational, shape functions. Thus, the numerical integration of rational interpolants over polygonal domains is one of the challenges that needs to be solved. If, additionally, strong discontinuities are present in the integrand, e.g., when employing fictitious domain methods, special integration procedures must be developed. Therefore, we propose to extend the conventional quadtree-decomposition-based integration approach by image compression techniques. In this context, our focus is on unfitted polygonal elements using Wachspress shape functions. In order to assess the performance of the novel integration scheme, we investigate the integration error and the compression rate being related to the reduction in integration points. To this end, the area and the stiffness matrix of a single element are computed using different formulations of the shape functions, i.e., global and local, and partitioning schemes. Finally, the performance of the proposed integration scheme is evaluated by investigating two problems of linear elasticity.
Planning as Inference in Epidemiological Models
Creators: name: Wood, Frank
name: Warrington, Andrew
name: Naderiparizi, Saeid
name: Weilbach, Christian
name: Masrani, Vaden
name: Harvey, William
name: Scibior, Adam
name: Beronov, Boyan
name: Grefenstette, John
name: Campbell, Duncan
name: Nasseri, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work we demonstrate how to automate parts of the infectious disease-control policy-making process via performing inference in existing epidemiological models. The kind of inference tasks undertaken include computing the posterior distribution over controllable, via direct policy-making choices, simulation model parameters that give rise to acceptable disease progression outcomes. Among other things, we illustrate the use of a probabilistic programming language that automates inference in existing simulators. Neither the full capabilities of this tool for automating inference nor its utility for planning is widely disseminated at the current time. Timely gains in understanding about how such simulation-based models and inference automation tools applied in support of policymaking could lead to less economically damaging policy prescriptions, particularly during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
description: Revisions
(3343) Katherine Doreen Ingram
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Maturational Trajectories of Cortical Brain Development through the Pubertal Transition: Unique Species and Sex Differences in the Monkey Revealed through Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Creators: name: Kang, Chaeryon
name: Gilmore, John H.
name: Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.
name: Coe, Christopher L.
name: Styner, Martin
name: Hamer, Robert
name: Short, Sarah J.
name: Lubach, Gabriele R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Characterizing normal brain development in the rhesus macaque is a necessary prerequisite for establishing better nonhuman primate models of neuropathology. Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained on 37 rhesus monkeys (20 Male, 17 Female) between 10 and 64 months of age. Effects of age and sex were analyzed with a cross-sectional design. Gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes were determined for total brain and major cortical regions using an automatic segmentation and parcellation pipeline. Volumes of major subcortical structures were evaluated. Unlike neural maturation in humans, GM volumes did not show a postpubertal decline in most cortical regions, with the notable exception of the prefrontal cortex. Similar to humans, WM volumes increased through puberty with less change thereafter. Caudate, putamen, amygdala, and hippocampus increased linearly as did the corpus callosum. Males and females showed similar maturational patterns, although males had significantly larger brain volumes. Females had a proportionately larger caudate, putamen, and hippocampus, whereas males had both an absolute and relatively larger corpus callosum. The authors discuss the possible implications of these findings for research using the rhesus macaque as a model for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Modeling, Analysis, and Optimization of Grant-Free NOMA in Massive MTC via Stochastic Geometry
Creators: name: Liu, Jiaqi
name: Wu, Gang
name: Zhang, Xiaoxu
name: Fang, Shu
name: Li, Shaoqian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Massive machine-type communications (mMTC) is a crucial scenario to support booming Internet of Things (IoTs) applications. In mMTC, although a large number of devices are registered to an access point (AP), very few of them are active with uplink short packet transmission at the same time, which requires novel design of protocols and receivers to enable efficient data transmission and accurate multi-user detection (MUD). Aiming at this problem, grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access (GF-NOMA) protocol is proposed. In GF-NOMA, active devices can directly transmit their preambles and data symbols altogether within one time frame, without grant from the AP. Compressive sensing (CS)-based receivers are adopted for non-orthogonal preambles (NOP)-based MUD, and successive interference cancellation is exploited to decode the superimposed data signals. In this paper, we model, analyze, and optimize the CS-based GF-MONA mMTC system via stochastic geometry (SG), from an aspect of network deployment. Based on the SG network model, we first analyze the success probability as well as the channel estimation error of the CS-based MUD in the preamble phase and then analyze the average aggregate data rate in the data phase. As IoT applications highly demands low energy consumption, low infrastructure cost, and flexible deployment, we optimize the energy efficiency and AP coverage efficiency of GF-NOMA via numerical methods. The validity of our analysis is verified via Monte Carlo simulations. Simulation results also show that CS-based GF-NOMA with NOP yields better MUD and data rate performances than contention-based GF-NOMA with orthogonal preambles and CS-based grant-free orthogonal multiple access.
description: This paper is submitted to IEEE Internet Of Things Journal
Particle-hole nature of the light high-spin toroidal isomers
Creators: name: Staszczak, A.
name: Wong, Cheuk-Yin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclei under non-collective rotation with a large angular momentum above some threshold can assume a toroidal shape. In our previous work, we showed by using cranked Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach that even-even, N=Z, high-K, toroidal isomeric states may have general occurrences for light nuclei with 28<=A<=52. We present here some additional results and systematics on the particle-hole nature of these high-spin toroidal isomers.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, presented at the Zakopane Conference on Nuclear Physics 'Extremes of the Nuclear Landscape', Zakopane, Poland, August 31 - September 7, 2014
(3344) Joan Blanche Ingram
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Pointwise characteristic factors for the multiterm return times theorem
Creators: name: ASSANI, IDRIS
name: PRESSER, KIMBERLY
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: This paper is an update and extension of a result the authors first proved in 2003. The goal of this paper is to study factors which are known to be L2-characteristic for certain nonconventional averages and prove that these factors are pointwise characteristic for the multiterm return times averages.
Inertial Stochastic PALM (iSPALM) and Applications in Machine Learning
Creators: name: Hertrich, Johannes
name: Steidl, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Inertial algorithms for minimizing nonsmooth and nonconvex functions as the inertial proximal alternating linearized minimization algorithm (iPALM) have demonstrated their superiority with respect to computation time over their non inertial variants. In many problems in imaging and machine learning, the objective functions have a special form involving huge data which encourage the application of stochastic algorithms. While algorithms based on stochastic gradient descent are still used in the majority of applications, recently also stochastic algorithms for minimizing nonsmooth and nonconvex functions were proposed. In this paper, we derive an inertial variant of a stochastic PALM algorithm with variance-reduced gradient estimator, called iSPALM, and prove linear convergence of the algorithm under certain assumptions. Our inertial approach can be seen as generalization of momentum methods widely used to speed up and stabilize optimization algorithms, in particular in machine learning, to nonsmooth problems. Numerical experiments for learning the weights of a so-called proximal neural network and the parameters of Student-t mixture models show that our new algorithm outperforms both stochastic PALM and its deterministic counterparts.
A quickest detection problem with an observation cost
Creators: name: Dalang, Robert C.
name: Shiryaev, Albert N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the classical quickest detection problem, one must detect as quickly as possible when a Brownian motion without drift "changes" into a Brownian motion with positive drift. The change occurs at an unknown "disorder" time with exponential distribution. There is a penalty for declaring too early that the change has occurred, and a cost for late detection proportional to the time between occurrence of the change and the time when the change is declared. Here, we consider the case where there is also a cost for observing the process. This stochastic control problem can be formulated using either the notion of strong solution or of weak solution of the s.d.e. that defines the observation process. We show that the value function is the same in both cases, even though no optimal strategy exists in the strong formulation. We determine the optimal strategy in the weak formulation and show, using a form of the "principle of smooth fit" and under natural hypotheses on the parameters of the problem, that the optimal strategy takes the form of a two-threshold policy: observe only when the posterior probability that the change has already occurred, given the observations, is larger than a threshold $A\geq0$, and declare that the disorder time has occurred when this posterior probability exceeds a threshold $B\geq A$. The constants $A$ and $B$ are determined explicitly from the parameters of the problem.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AAP1028 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Supplementary Text, Figures and Tables from An evolutionary model to predict the frequency of antibiotic resistance under seasonal antibiotic use, and an application to Streptococcus pneumoniae
Creators: name: Blanquart, François
name: Lehtinen, Sonja
name: Fraser, Christophe
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The frequency of resistance to antibiotics in Streptococcus pneumoniae has been stable over the last decades. For example, penicillin non-susceptibility in Europe has fluctuated between 12% and 16% without any major time trend. In spite of long-term stability, resistance fluctuates over short time-scales, presumably in part due to seasonal fluctuations in antibiotic prescriptions. Here, we develop a model that describes the evolution of antibiotic resistance under selection by multiple antibiotics prescribed at seasonally changing rates. This model was inspired by, and fitted to, published data on monthly antibiotics prescriptions and frequency of resistance, in two communities in Israel, over 5 years. Seasonal fluctuations in antibiotic usage translate into small fluctuations of the frequency of resistance around the average value. We describe these dynamics using a perturbation approach that encapsulates all ecological and evolutionary forces into a generic model, whose parameters quantify a force stabilizing the frequency of resistance around the equilibrium, and the sensitivity of the population to antibiotic selection. Fitting the model to the data revealed a strong stabilizing force, typically two to five times stronger than direct selection due to antibiotics. The strong stabilizing force explains that resistance fluctuates in phase with usage, as antibiotic selection alone would result in resistance fluctuating behind usage with a lag of three months when antibiotic use is seasonal. While most antibiotics selected for increased resistance, intriguingly, cephalosporins selected for decreased resistance to penicillins and macrolides, an effect consistent in the two communities. One extra monthly prescription of cephalosporins per 1000 children decreased the frequency of penicillin-resistant strains by 1.7%. This model emerges under minimal assumptions, quantifies the forces acting on resistance and explains up to 43% of the temporal variation in resistance.
title: Die Rolle des Finanzamtes Hamburg-Bergedorf und der Hamburger Devisenstelle bei der doppelten Ausplünderung der jüdischen Familie Lavy 1938 und 1947–1951
Creators: name: Nette, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Judenfeindschaft und Verfolgung

description: Am 2.5.1947 schickte Oberregierungsrat Fritz Klesper, Leiter des 1947 gegründeten Hamburger Landesamtes für Vermögenskontrolle (Verwaltung des nationalsozialistischen Vermögens und Bearbeitung von „Wiedergutmachungs“- und Restitutionsleistungen), ein dreiseitiges Schreiben an seinen Vorgesetzten, den Hamburger Oberfinanzpräsidenten. Es ging um die „Wiedergutmachungsansprüche“, die Kurt Lavy angemeldet hatte. Er war 1938 als Jude aus Hamburg-Bergedorf zusammen mit seiner Frau Anna-Maria nach Rio de Janeiro geflohen. Klesper bezog sich auf Akten der Gestapo und auf Lavys Vermögenserklärung vom 8.7.1938. Er übernahm für Lavys ehemaligen Eigentumsanteil an der Bergedorfer Firma Faserstoff-Zurichterei GmbH einen auf 38 Prozent herunter gerechneten Gemeinen Wert, den das Finanzamt Bergedorf 1938 zu „Arisierungszwecken“ vorgeschlagen hatte. Reichsstatthalter Karl Kaufmann, der die „Arisierung“ 1938 genehmigte, hatte aber die entsprechende Wertminderung auf 50 Prozent festgesetzt. Das war Klesper 1947 bekannt. Klesper war ab 1937 Leiter der Überwachungs- und Strafabteilung der Devisenstelle gewesen, die schon damals dem Oberfinanzpräsidenten unterstellt war und mit der Gestapo und der Zollfahndungsstelle die zum Verlassen des Landes gedrängten Jüdinnen und Juden ausgeplündert hatte. Nach 1945, als er seine Karriere ausgerechnet im Landesamt für Vermögenskontrolle fortsetzte, bezog er sich in seinem Schreiben auf die besonders extremen „Arisierungsberechnungen“ des Finanzamtes Bergedorf von 1938 und empfahl damit 1947 eine zweite Enteignung von Lavys Firmeneigentum.
Common Variants in Psychiatric Risk Genes Predict Brain Structure at Birth
Creators: name: Lin, Weili
name: Konneker, Thomas
name: Geng, Xiujuan
name: Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.
name: Styner, Martin
name: Hamer, Robert M.
name: Wang, Jiaping
name: Woolson, Sandra
name: Zhu, Hongtu
name: Gilmore, John H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Studies in adolescents and adults have demonstrated that polymorphisms in putative psychiatric risk genes are associated with differences in brain structure, but cannot address when in development these relationships arise. To determine if common genetic variants in disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1; rs821616 and rs6675281), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; rs4680), neuregulin 1 (NRG1; rs35753505 and rs6994992), apolipoprotein E (APOE; ɛ3ɛ4 vs. ɛ3ɛ3), estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1; rs9340799 and rs2234693), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; rs6265), and glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1; rs2270335) are associated with individual differences in brain tissue volumes in neonates, we applied both automated region-of-interest volumetry and tensor-based morphometry to a sample of 272 neonates who had received high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans. ESR1 (rs9340799) predicted intracranial volume. Local variation in gray matter (GM) volume was significantly associated with polymorphisms in DISC1 (rs821616), COMT, NRG1, APOE, ESR1 (rs9340799), and BDNF. No associations were identified for DISC1 (rs6675281), ESR1 (rs2234693), or GAD1. Of note, neonates homozygous for the DISC1 (rs821616) serine allele exhibited numerous large clusters of reduced GM in the frontal lobes, and neonates homozygous for the COMT valine allele exhibited reduced GM in the temporal cortex and hippocampus, mirroring findings in adults. The results highlight the importance of prenatal brain development in mediating psychiatric risk.
On computing the determinant, other characteristic polynomial coefficients, and inverse in Clifford algebras of arbitrary dimension
Creators: name: Shirokov, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65F40, 68W30, 15A66

description: In this paper, we solve the problem of computing the inverse in Clifford algebras of arbitrary dimension. We present basis-free formulas of different types (explicit and recursive) for the determinant, other characteristic polynomial coefficients, adjugate, and inverse in real Clifford algebras (or geometric algebras) over vector spaces of arbitrary dimension $n$. The formulas involve only the operations of multiplication, summation, and operations of conjugation without explicit use of matrix representation. We use methods of Clifford algebras (including the method of quaternion typification proposed by the author in previous papers and the method of operations of conjugation of special type presented in this paper) and generalizations of numerical methods of matrix theory (the Faddeev-LeVerrier algorithm based on the Cayley-Hamilton theorem; the method of calculating the characteristic polynomial coefficients using Bell polynomials) to the case of Clifford algebras in this paper. We present the construction of operations of conjugation of special type and study relations between these operations and the projection operations onto fixed subspaces of Clifford algebras. We use this construction in the analytical proof of formulas for the determinant, other characteristic polynomial coefficients, adjugate, and inverse in Clifford algebras. The basis-free formulas for the inverse give us basis-free solutions to linear algebraic equations, which are widely used in computer science, image and signal processing, physics, engineering, control theory, etc. The results of this paper can be used in symbolic computation.
description: 24 pages
Heavy ion irradiation of crystalline water ice
Creators: name: Dartois, E.
name: Augé, B.
name: Boduch, P.
name: Brunetto, R.
name: Chabot, M.
name: Domaracka, A.
name: Ding, J. J.
name: Kamalou, O.
name: Lv, X. Y.
name: Rothard, H.
name: da Silveira, E. F.
name: Thomas, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Under cosmic irradiation, the interstellar water ice mantles evolve towards a compact amorphous state. Crystalline ice amorphisation was previously monitored mainly in the keV to hundreds of keV ion energies. We experimentally investigate heavy ion irradiation amorphisation of crystalline ice, at high energies closer to true cosmic rays, and explore the water-ice sputtering yield. We irradiated thin crystalline ice films with MeV to GeV swift ion beams, produced at the GANIL accelerator. The ice infrared spectral evolution as a function of fluence is monitored with in-situ infrared spectroscopy (induced amorphisation of the initial crystalline state into a compact amorphous phase). The crystalline ice amorphisation cross-section is measured in the high electronic stopping-power range for different temperatures. At large fluence, the ice sputtering is measured on the infrared spectra, and the fitted sputtering-yield dependence, combined with previous measurements, is quadratic over three decades of electronic stopping power. The final state of cosmic ray irradiation for porous amorphous and crystalline ice, as monitored by infrared spectroscopy, is the same, but with a large difference in cross-section, hence in time scale in an astrophysical context. The cosmic ray water-ice sputtering rates compete with the UV photodesorption yields reported in the literature. The prevalence of direct cosmic ray sputtering over cosmic-ray induced photons photodesorption may be particularly true for ices strongly bonded to the ice mantles surfaces, such as hydrogen-bonded ice structures or more generally the so-called polar ices.
description: 22pages, 11 figures, accepted in A&A
Valuation in US Commercial Real Estate
Creators: name: Plazzi, Alberto
name: Ghysels, Eric
name: Valkanov, Rossen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: We consider a log-linearized version of a discounted rents model to price commercial real estate as an alternative to traditional hedonic models. First, we verify a key implication of the model, namely, that cap rates forecast commercial real estate returns. We do this using two different methodologies: time series regressions of 21 US metropolitan areas and mixed data sampling (MIDAS) regressions with aggregate REITs returns. Both approaches confirm that the cap rate is related to fluctuations in future returns. We also investigate the provenance of the predictability. Based on the model, we decompose fluctuations in the cap rate into three parts: (i) local state variables (demographic and local economic variables); (ii) growth in rents; and (iii) an orthogonal part. About 30% of the fluctuation in the cap rate is explained by the local state variables and the growth in rents. We use the cap rate decomposition into our predictive regression and find a positive relation between fluctuations in economic conditions and future returns. However, a larger and significant part of the cap rate predictability is due the orthogonal part, which is unrelated to fundamentals. This implies that economic conditions, which are also used in hedonic pricing of real estate, cannot fully account for future movements in returns. We conclude that commercial real estate prices, at least at an aggregate level, are better modeled as financial assets and that the discounted rent model might be more suitable than traditional hedonic models, at least at an aggregate level.
Supplementary Figures and Tables from Biological interactions both facilitate and resist climate-related functional change in temperate reef communities.
Creators: name: Bates, Amanda E.
name: Stuart-Smith, Rick D.
name: Barrett, Neville S.
name: Edgar, Graham J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Figures S1-S9 and Tables S1-S9
title: The Role of the Hamburg-Bergedorf Tax Office [Finanzamt Hamburg-Bergedorf] and the Hamburg Exchange Control Office [Hamburger Devisenstelle] in the Twofold Plundering of the Jewish Lavy Family in 1938 and 1947–1951
Creators: name: Nette, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Institute for the History of the German Jews
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Antisemitism and Persecution

description: On May 2, 1947 Oberregierungsrat Fritz Klesper, head of the Hamburg State Office for Property Administration [Hamburger Landesamt für Vermögenskontrolle] (in charge of the administration of former National Socialist property and processing of “compensation” and restitution payments) which had only been established that year, sent a three-page letter to his superior, the President of Hamburg’s Main Finance Office. It concerned the “reparation claims” that Kurt Lavy had filed. A Jew from Hamburg-Bergedorf, Lavy and his wife Anna-Maria had fled to Rio de Janeiro in 1938. In his letter, Klesper referred to Gestapo files and Lavy’s statement of assets of July 8, 1938. To assess the value of Lavy’s former ownership share in the Bergedorf company Faserstoff-Zurichterei GmbH [a pulp processing plant], he used a market value reduced to 38 percent, which the Bergedorf tax office had suggested in 1938 for “Aryanization purposes.” Reichsstatthalter Karl Kaufmann, who had authorized the company’s “Aryanization” in 1938, had set the corresponding depreciation at 50 percent, however. Klesper was aware of this in 1947. He had been head of the surveillance and criminal departments at the Exchange Control Office [Devisenstelle] from 1937, which at that time was already reporting to the Chief Finance President and, together with the Gestapo and Customs Investigation Office, had plundered the Jews who had been forced to leave the country. After 1945, when he continued his career at the State Office for Property Administration [Landesamt für Vermögenskontrolle], of all places, he used the particularly extreme “Aryanization calculations” of the Bergedorf tax office in 1938, thus recommending a second expropriation of Lavy’s company property in 1947.
Axionlike-particle generation by laser-plasma interaction
Creators: name: Huang, Shan
name: Shen, Baifei
name: Bu, Zhigang
name: Zhang, Xiaomei
name: Ji, Liangliang
name: Zhai, Shuhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hypothetical axion and axion-like particles, feebly coupled with photon, have not yet been found in any experiment. With the improvement of laser technique, much stronger but shorter quasi-static electric and magnetic fields can be created in laboratory using laser-plasma interaction, compared to the fields of large magnets, to help the search of axion. In this article, we discuss the feasibility of ALPs exploration using planarly or cylindrically symmetric laser-plasma fields as background and an x-ray free-electron laser as probe. Both the probe and the background fields are polarized such that the existence of ALPs in the corresponding parameter space will cause polarization rotation of the probe, which can be detected with high accuracy. Besides, a structured field in the plasma creates a tunable transverse profile for the interaction and improves the signal-to-noise ratio via phase-matching mechanism. The ALP mass discussed in this article ranges from $10^{-3}$ eV to 1 keV. Some simple schemes and estimations on ALP production and polarization rotation of probe photon are given, which reveals the possibility of future laser-plasma ALP source in laboratory.
description: Accepted manuscript to be published in Physica Scripta. A major revision in summer 2022 contains 22 pages and updated 5 figures
(3340) Annette Streatfield
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary Figures and Tables from Functional shifts in rocky reef communities from an ocean warming hotspot depend on protection from exploitation
Creators: name: Bates, Amanda E.
name: Stuart-Smith, Rick D.
name: Barrett, Neville S.
name: Edgar, Graham J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Figures S1-S9 and Tables S1-S9
LifeGene—a large prospective population-based study of global relevance
Creators: name: Sullivan, Patrick
name: Maeurer, Markus
name: Palmgren, Juni
name: Lissner, Lauren
name: Pershagen, Göran
name: Litton, Jan-Eric
name: Pedersen, Nancy
name: Ploner, Alexander
name: Franks, Paul
name: Groop, Leif
name: Michaëlsson, Karl
name: Adami, Hans-Olov
name: Almqvist, Catarina
name: Kere, Juha
name: Ingelsson, Erik
name: Tybring, Gunnel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Studying gene-environment interactions requires that the amount and quality of the lifestyle data is comparable to what is available for the corresponding genomic data. Sweden has several crucial prerequisites for comprehensive longitudinal biomedical research, such as the personal identity number, the universally available national health care system, continuously updated population and health registries and a scientifically motivated population. LifeGene builds on these strengths to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical applications with particular attention to populations, through a unique design in a research-friendly setting. LifeGene is designed both as a prospective cohort study and an infrastructure with repeated contacts of study participants approximately every five years. Index persons aged 18-45 years old will be recruited and invited to include their household members (partner and any children). A comprehensive questionnaire addressing cutting-edge research questions will be administered through the web with short follow-ups annually. Biosamples and physical measurements will also be collected at baseline, and re-administered every five years thereafter. Event-based sampling will be a key feature of LifeGene. The household-based design will give the opportunity to involve young couples prior to and during pregnancy, allowing for the first study of children born into cohort with complete pre-and perinatal data from both the mother and father. Questions and sampling schemes will be tailored to the participants’ age and life events. The target of LifeGene is to enrol 500,000 Swedes and follow them longitudinally for at least 20 years.
(3341) Arthur Percy Morse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Closed-Form Uncertainty Propagation in Non-Rigid Structure from Motion
Creators: name: Song, Jingwei
name: Patel, Mitesh
name: Jasour, Ashkan
name: Ghaffari, Maani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) with low-rank prior has been widely applied in Non-Rigid Structure from Motion (NRSfM). Based on a low-rank constraint, it avoids the inherent ambiguity of basis number selection in conventional base-shape or base-trajectory methods. Despite the efficiency in deformable shape reconstruction, it remains unclear how to assess the uncertainty of the recovered shape from the SDP process. In this paper, we present a statistical inference on the element-wise uncertainty quantification of the estimated deforming 3D shape points in the case of the exact low-rank SDP problem. A closed-form uncertainty quantification method is proposed and tested. Moreover, we extend the exact low-rank uncertainty quantification to the approximate low-rank scenario with a numerical optimal rank selection method, which enables solving practical application in SDP based NRSfM scenario. The proposed method provides an independent module to the SDP method and only requires the statistic information of the input 2D tracked points. Extensive experiments prove that the output 3D points have identical normal distribution to the 2D trackings, the proposed method and quantify the uncertainty accurately, and supports that it has desirable effects on routinely SDP low-rank based NRSfM solver.
description: Accepted for publication by IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. Code can be accessed at https://github.com/JingweiSong/NRSfM_uncertainty
HoloPointer : a virtual augmented reality pointer for laparoscopic surgery training
Creators: name: Heinrich, Florian
name: Huettl, Florentine
name: Schmidt, Gerd
name: Paschold, Markus
name: Kneist, Werner
name: Huber, Tobias
name: Hansen, Christian
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Virtual pointer
subject: Medical augmented reality
subject: Laparoscopic surgery training
subject: Head pointing
subject: 000

description: Purpose In laparoscopic surgery training, experts guide novice physicians to desired instrument positions or indicate relevant areas of interest. These instructions are usually given via verbal communication or using physical pointing devices. To facilitate a sterile work flow and to improve training, new guiding methods are needed. This work proposes to use optical see-through augmented reality to visualize an interactive virtual pointer on the laparoscopic. Methods After an interdisciplinary development, the pointer’s applicability and feasibility for training was evaluated and it was compared to a standard condition based on verbal and gestural communication only. In this study, ten surgical trainees were guided by an experienced trainer during cholecystectomies on a laparoscopic training simulator. All trainees completed a virtual cholecystectomy with and without the interactive virtual pointer in alternating order. Measures included procedure time, economy of movement and error rates. Results Results of standardized variables revealed significantly improved economy of movement (p 0.047) and error rates (p 0.047), as well as an overall improved user performance (Total z-score; p 0.031) in conditions using the proposed method. Conclusion The proposed HoloPointer is a feasible and applicable tool for laparoscopic surgery training. It improved objective performance metrics without prolongation of the task completion time in this pre-clinical setup.