cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Probabilistic Self-supervised Representation Learning via Scoring Rules Minimization
Creators: name: Vahidi, Amirhossein
name: Schosser, Simon
name: Wimmer, Lisa
name: Li, Yawei
name: Bischl, Bernd
name: Hüllermeier, Eyke
name: Rezaei, Mina
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2024

description: Self-supervised learning methods have shown promising results across a wide range of tasks in computer vision, natural language processing, and multimodal analysis. However, self-supervised approaches come with a notable limitation, dimensional collapse, where a model doesn't fully utilize its capacity to encode information optimally. Motivated by this, we propose ProSMin, a novel probabilistic self-supervised learning approach that leverages the power of probabilistic models to enhance representation quality and mitigate collapsing representations. Our proposed approach involves two neural networks, the online network and the target network, which collaborate and learn the diverse distribution of representations from each other through probabilistic knowledge distillation. The two networks are trained via our new loss function based on proper scoring rules. We provide a theoretical justification for ProSMin and demonstrate its modified scoring rule. This insight validates the method's optimization process and contributes to its robustness and effectiveness in improving representation quality. We evaluate our probabilistic model on various downstream tasks, such as in-distribution generalization, out-of-distribution detection, dataset corruption, low-shot learning, and transfer learning. Our method achieves superior accuracy and calibration, outperforming the self-supervised baseline in a variety of experiments on large datasets such as ImageNet-O and ImageNet-C. ProSMin thus demonstrates its scalability and real-world applicability. Our code is publicly available: https://github.com/amirvhd/SSL-sore-rule.
An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Success of Food and Agribusiness E-Commerce Firms
Creators: name: Montealegre, Fernando
name: Thompson, Sarahelen R.
name: Eales, James S.
name: Montealegre, Fernando
name: Thompson, Sarahelen R.
name: Eales, James S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: e-commerce
subject: food chains
subject: survival probability
subject: logistical regression

description: E-commerce's value creation in agricultural and food markets will only occur to the extent that e-commerce firms exist throughout the supply chain. The problem is that e-commerce firms throughout the agricultural and food supply chain have faced a serious challenge in staying in business. Many have been forced to exit the market, and only a few have survived to develop into functional web-based businesses. The objective of this research study is to identify characteristics that are associated with successful e-commerce firms throughout the agricultural and food supply chain. Relevant e-commerce and agricultural e-commerce literature suggests several characteristics that influence the success for agricultural and food e-commerce firms. A limited-dependent variable technique, logistic regression, is used to relate websites' characteristics to their probability of survival.
title: The Crab Orchard and Osgood Formations:
title: The Case for Slope Instability
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: For the past few years, the Division of Research, as a part of its continuing study of the occurrence of landslides in Kentucky, has reviewed and studied several sites in order to identify and delineate the geologic and soil formations which might be involved in the unstable earth masses. After a study of a number of landslides, it became evident that one particular material was highly susceptible to the development of landslides. This material, in Eastern Kentucky, is known as the Crab Orchard Formation and was deposited during the middle Silurian age. The Crab Orchard Formation, a deposit some 50 to 120 feet thick, is extensively mapped in the eastern portion of the State and correlates geologically with the Osgood Formation mapped in the western portion of Kentucky. The Crab Orchard and Osgood Formations are primarily shale deposits with some thin, discontinuous beds of dolomite. Soils which typically develop from these formations include the Rockcastle, Rarden, Fleming, and Fawcett series.
The moral significance of social conventions
Creators: name: MacDonald, Christopher John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This Thesis is about the role which social conventions play in shaping our moral choices, and about the possibility of a normative theory that takes such conventions seriously. It also hints at the idea of looking at conventions as a kind of moral technology. If existing conventions serve a useful function, then perhaps we can take what we know about conventions and apply that knowledge in a forward-looking manner. Chapter 1 of this Thesis outlines the shape of the project, and explains its roots in methodological individualism and a relative, subjective theory of value. Chapter 2 surveys the literature on norms and conventions, and explains why it is that despite the prevalence of the former in the literature, moral theorists should focus on the latter. Chapter 3 looks at the ways in which conventions structure strategic interaction. They do so both by providing information that served as an input to rational decision making, and by providing a more direct, non-instrumental form of motivation. In Chapter 4, we look at the relevance of the literature on public goods and the problem of collective action, and argue that beginning and maintaining conventions embodies a collective action problem. In Chapter 5, we move to examine the normative force of conventions, and suggest that conventions constitute a reasonable set of constraints on self-interested behaviour. Chapter 6 addresses the fact that a convention-based approach seems capable of endorsing asymmetrical outcomes, at least some of which seem unjust. In Chapter 7, we look more generally at the adequacy of a conventionalist account, and examine the departures which such an account seems to make from everyday morality. Finally, in Chapter 8, we put theory to practice, and examine the world of professional obligation. We offer there a meta-ethics of professional obligation that suggests that such obligations are best understood as conventions between professionals. That argument serves as a challenge to existing principle-based and virtue-based theories of professional obligation, and illustrates the practical importance of this Thesis. In Chapter 9, we summarize the ground covered, and discuss how we can apply what we know about conventions to ameliorate problematic situations.
Finite source effect on the polarization degree induced by a single microlens
Creators: name: Yoshida, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of a single microlens on Stokes parameters. Semi-analytical formulae of the microlensed Stokes parameters are derived. The formulae not only reduce the double integrals in the estimations of those quantities but can also be approximated to a useful form in the bypass case. By using our formulation, we show that a combination of polarimetric data with photometric data enables us to estimate not only the finite source effect but also the direction of the microlens motion.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Performance of a Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert Under Rock Embankment
Creators: name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: A 48-inch diameter reinforced concrete pipe installation has been observed in order to evaluate the performance of both types of bedding conditions as currently used by the Kentucky Department of Highways. A portion of the pipe was laid using Kentucky's Standard B Bedding. The remainder of the pipe culvert was laid using the B1 Bedding (imperfect trench); the design height of the fill (36 feet) was sufficient to require the imperfect trench construction. The embankment was primarily of a rock fill material, with the largest particle size limited to a maximum of 3 feet. The portion of the pipe with the Standard B Bedding exhibited stress in relation to each additional height of embankment placed. For every fill increment, there was a corresponding change in the length of the vertical and horizontal diameters of the pipe and in the pipe distress as exhibited by cracking. The absence of signs of distress in the B1 Bedding portion indicates that the imperfect trench performed its purpose of relieving load on the pipe.
Universal relation between instantaneous diffusivity and radius of gyration of proteins in aqueous solution
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Eiji
name: Akimoto, Takuma
name: Mitsutake, Ayori
name: Metzler, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Protein conformational fluctuations are highly complex and exhibit long-term correlations. Here, molecular dynamics simulations of small proteins demonstrate that these conformational fluctuations directly affect the protein's instantaneous diffusivity $D_I$. We find that the radius of gyration $R_g$ of the proteins exhibits $1/f$ fluctuations, that are synchronous with the fluctuations of $D_I$. Our analysis demonstrates the validity of the local Stokes-Einstein type relation $D_I\propto1/(R_g + R_0)$, where $R_0\sim0.3$ nm is assumed to be a hydration layer around the protein. From the analysis of different protein types with both strong and weak conformational fluctuations the validity of the Stokes-Einstein type relation appears to be a general property.
Sequences and Polynomial Congruence
Creators: name: Cox, Darrell
name: Ghosh, Sourangshu
name: Sultanow, Eldar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B50 (Primary) 11C08, 11T06 (Secondary)

description: In this paper, we shall find a new connection between $n$th degree polynomial mod $p$ congruence with $n$ roots and higher-order Fibonacci and Lucas sequences. We shall first discuss the recent work been done in sequences and their connection to polynomial congruence and then find out new relations between particular recurrence relation and the congruence of the sequences.
description: 10 Pages, 11 References
Electromagnetic structure of A=2 and 3 nuclei and the nuclear current operator
Creators: name: Marcucci, L. E.
name: Viviani, M.
name: Schiavilla, R.
name: Kievsky, A.
name: Rosati, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different models for conserved two- and three-body electromagnetic currents are constructed from two- and three-nucleon interactions, using either meson-exchange mechanisms or minimal substitution in the momentum dependence of these interactions. The connection between these two different schemes is elucidated. A number of low-energy electronuclear observables, including (i) $np$ radiative capture at thermal neutron energies and deuteron photodisintegration at low energies, (ii) $nd$ and $pd$ radiative capture reactions, and (iii) isoscalar and isovector magnetic form factors of $^3$H and $^3$He, are calculated in order to make a comparative study of these models for the current operator. The realistic Argonne $v_{18}$ two-nucleon and Urbana IX or Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon interactions are taken as a case study. For $A$=3 processes, the bound and continuum wave functions, both below and above deuteron breakup threshold, are obtained with the correlated hyperspherical-harmonics method. Three-body currents give small but significant contributions to some of the polarization observables in the $^2$H($p,γ$)$^3$He process and the $^2$H($n,γ$)$^3$H cross section at thermal neutron energies. It is shown that the use of a current which did not exactly satisfy current conservation with the two- and three-nucleon interactions in the Hamiltonian was responsible for some of the discrepancies reported in previous studies between the experimental and theoretical polarization observables in $pd$ radiative capture.
description: 48 pages, 25 figures, 4 tables, revtex4. Submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Measuring the cosmic homogeneity scale with SDSS-IV DR16 Quasars
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Rodrigo S.
name: Carvalho, Gabriela C.
name: Andrade, Uendert
name: Bengaly, Carlos A. P.
name: Carvalho, Joel C.
name: Alcaniz, Jailson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the scale of cosmic homogeneity ($r_{h}$) using the recently released quasar sample of the sixteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV DR16). We perform our analysis in 2 redshift bins lying in the redshift interval $2.2 < z < 3.2$ by means of the fractal dimension $D_2$. By adopting the usual assumption that $r_{h}$ is obtained when $D_2 \sim 2.97$, that is, within 1% of $D_2=3$, we find the cosmic homogeneity scale with a decreasing trend with redshift, and in good agreement with the $Λ$CDM prediction. Our results confirm the presence of a homogeneity scale in the spatial distribution of quasars as predicted by the fundamental assumptions of the standard cosmological model.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in JCAP
Predicting Localized Primordial Star Formation with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Wells, Azton I.
name: Norman, Michael L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate applying 3D deep convolutional neural networks as fast surrogate models of the formation and feedback effects of primordial stars in hydrodynamic cosmological simulations of the first galaxies. Here, we present the surrogate model to predict localized primordial star formation; the feedback model will be presented in a subsequent paper. The star formation prediction model consists of two sub-models: the first is a 3D volume classifier that predicts which (10 comoving kpc)$^3$ volumes will host star formation, followed by a 3D Inception-based U-net voxel segmentation model that predicts which voxels will form primordial stars. We find that the combined model predicts primordial star forming volumes with high skill, with $F_1 >0.995$ and true skill score $>0.994$. The star formation is localized within the volume to $\lesssim5^3$~voxels ($\sim1.6$~comoving kpc$^3$) with $F_1>0.399$ and true skill score $>0.857$. Applied to simulations with low spatial resolution, the model predicts star forming regions in the same locations and at similar redshifts as sites in resolved full-physics simulations that explicitly model primordial star formation and feedback. When applied to simulations with lower mass resolution, we find that the model predicts star forming regions at later redshift due to delayed structure formation resulting from lower mass resolution. Our model predicts primordial star formation without halo finding, so will be useful in spatially under-resolved simulations that cannot resolve primordial star forming halos. To our knowledge, this is the first model that can predict primordial star forming regions that match highly-resolved cosmological simulations.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
Hall coefficient of semimetals
Creators: name: Samanta, Abhisek
name: Arovas, Daniel P.
name: Auerbach, Assa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recently developed formula for the Hall coefficient [A. Auerbach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 66601 (2018)] is applied to nodal line and Weyl semimetals (including graphene), and to spin-orbit split semiconductor bands in two and three dimensions. The calculation reduces to a ratio of two equilibrium susceptibilities, where corrections are negligible at weak disorder. Deviations from Drude's inverse carrier density are associated with band degeneracies, Fermi surface topology, and interband scattering. Experiments which can measure these deviations are proposed.
description: 3 Figures, including supplementary material
[Elicitation session in pair]
Creators: name: Palacio, Philip Tim
name: Chen, I-Hsuan
name: Kang, Shinae
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cab

description: 4 WAV, 4 TextGrid, and 4 TXT files.
Basic Garifuna words and sentences with negation (ihc_sak_01, ihc_sak_03).
Imperatives in Garifuna (ihc_sak_02, ihc_sak_04).
[Elicitation session in pair]
Creators: name: Palacio, Philip Tim
name: Cathcart, Chundra
name: Stickles, Elise
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cab

description: 4 WAV, 4 TextGrid, and 1 TXT file.
Garifuna basic transitives and ditransitives (EMS_01).
Graph Picture of Linear Quantum Networks and Entanglement
Creators: name: Chin, Seungbeom
name: Kim, Yong-Su
name: Lee, Sangmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The indistinguishability of quantum particles is widely used as a resource for the generation of entanglement. Linear quantum networks (LQNs), in which identical particles linearly evolve to arrive at multimode detectors, exploit the indistinguishability to generate various multipartite entangled states by the proper control of transformation operators. However, it is challenging to devise a suitable LQN that carries a specific entangled state or compute the possible entangled state in a given LQN as the particle and mode number increase. This research presents a mapping process of arbitrary LQNs to graphs, which provides a powerful tool for analyzing and designing LQNs to generate multipartite entanglement. We also introduce the perfect matching diagram (PM diagram), which is a refined directed graph that includes all the essential information on the entanglement generation by an LQN. The PM diagram furnishes rigorous criteria for the entanglement of an LQN and solid guidelines for designing suitable LQNs for the genuine entanglement. Based on the structure of PM diagrams, we compose LQNs for fundamental $N$-partite genuinely entangled states.
description: Revtex 4.2, 18 pages; (v2) a few applications of PM diagrams to designing genuinely entangled states are added, 20 pages; (v3) Accepted version to Quantum journal
Mediation of post-separation parenting disputes : family mediators’ perceptions of reasons and remedies for post-separation disputes
Creators: name: Saunders, Melody B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to survey family mediators' perceptions of clients' reasons for post-separation parenting disputes, and mediators' remedies to solve those disputes. The study was looking for differences in the ways that professional family mediators work with clients, according to the mediators' background training, practice setting, gender and perception of spousal abuse. It was a descriptive study, with data collected by self-administered survey. A purposive sample of lawyer-mediators and mental-health mediators completed the survey. Survey results suggested that mediators do differ in their approach to mediating issues according to the selected variables. Mental-health mediators in this sample recalled a larger range of issues causing debates, and were more open to more therapeutic solutions to post-separation parenting disputes, particularly with spousal abuse present in the relationship. Lawyer-mediators in this sample were more cautious when dealing with spousal abuse issues, but overall, this group of mediators seemed to be approaching family separation issues in an increasingly diverse way. Research areas highlighted were education for service providers in identifying spousal abuse patterns, cause and effect of routine access denial, and the collateral effects of non-consensual co-parenting, including how this issue relates to the child support guidelines.
Path integral of the relativistic point particle in Minkowski space
Creators: name: Koch, Benjamin
name: Muñoz, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we analyze the fundamental global and local symmetries involved in the action for the free relativistic point particle. Moreover, we identify a hidden local symmetry, whose explicit consideration and factorization utilizing of a Fujikawa prescription, leads to the construction of relativistic propagators that satisfy the Chapman-Kolmogorov identity. By means of a detailed topological analysis, we find three different relativistic propagators (orthochronous, space-like, and Feynman) which are obtained from the exclusive integration of paths within different sectors in Minkowski space. Finally, the connection of this approach to the Feynman checkerboard construction is explored.
description: 14 pages, accepted for publication in PRD
Non-critical holography and four-dimensional CFT's with fundamentals
Creators: name: Bigazzi, F.
name: Casero, R.
name: Cotrone, A. L.
name: Kiritsis, E.
name: Paredes, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find non-critical string backgrounds in five and eight dimensions, holographically related to four-dimensional conformal field theories with N=0 and N=1 supersymmetries. In the five-dimensional case we find an AdS_5 background metric for a string model related to non-supersymmetric, conformal QCD with large number of colors and flavors and discuss the conjectured existence of a conformal window from the point of view of our solution. In the eight-dimensional string theory, we build a family of solutions of the form AdS_5 x \tilde{S}^3 with \tilde{S}^3 a squashed three-sphere. For a special value of the ratio N_f/N_c, the background can be interpreted as the supersymmetric near-horizon limit of a system of color and flavor branes on R^{1,3} times a known four-dimensional generalization of the cigar. The N=1 dual theory with fundamental matter should have an IR fixed point only for a fixed ratio N_f/N_c. General features of the string/gauge theory correspondence for theories with fundamental flavors are also addressed.
description: 38 pages, 3 figures; JHEP class. Minor corrections, references added
Dark matter constraints and the neutralino sector of the scNMSSM
Creators: name: Aldufeery, Elham
name: Binjonaid, Maien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutralino sector of the semi-constrained next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model is explored under recent experimental constraints, with special attention to dark matter (DM) limits. The effects of the upper and lower bounds of dark matter relic density and recent direct detection constraints on spin-independent and -dependent cross-sections are thoroughly analyzed. Particularly, we show which regions of the parameter space are ruled out due to the different dark matter constraints and the corresponding model-specific parameters: $λ, κ, A_λ$, and $A_κ$. We analyze all annihilation and co-annihilation processes (with heavier neutralinos and charginos) that contribute to the dark matter relic density. The mass components of the dark matter candidate, the lightest neutralino $\tildeχ_1^0$, are studied, and the decays of heavy neutralinos and charginos, especially $\tildeχ_2^0$ and $\tildeχ_1^+$, into the lightest neutralino are examined. We impose semi-universal boundary conditions at the Grand Unified Theory scale and require a moderate range of $\tanβ \lesssim 10$. We find that the allowed parameter space is associated with a heavy mass spectrum in general and that the lightest neutralino is mostly Higgsino with a mass range that resides mostly between 1000 and 1500 GeV. However, smaller mass values can be achieved if the DM candidate is bino-like or singlino-like.
description: Matches published version
title: The Significance of ʔamakʔis Ktunaxa
Creators: name: Andrew, Jason
Publisher: name: Vancouver Island University
Year: 2023
Subjects: School of leadership studies

description: 2023
description: AbstractThis research aimed to answer the overall research question: How might the Ktunaxa Nation Council incorporate the significance of ʔamakʔis Ktunaxa (Ktunaxa Homelands) into the organization. An Indigenous Research Methodology was utilized, which included a focus group and a kitchen table conversation as methods. Ktunaxa Elders and Knowledge Holders participated in the research as subject experts on Ktunaxa ways of knowing and being. The findings and conclusions of this study supported the five recommendations to the Ktunaxa Nation Council: 1. Complete a land stewardship plan that is developed with each Ktunaxa First Nation to protect ʔamakʔis Ktunaxa. 2. Develop and implement a strategy to address intrusion, Ktunaxa loss of land, and Ktunaxa loss of rights and title, essentially encroachment of ʔamakʔis Ktunaxa. 3. Update and re-affirm the Ktunaxa Land Declaration. 4. Develop a Ktunaxa land-based mentorship program that is guided by Ktunaxa culture, language, and practices in a safe learning environment. 5. Ensure Ktunaxa values are at the forefront of all the work that happens within the organization by completing an audit of all projects, services, and work plans.
Reproducing kernel Hilbert C*-module and kernel mean embeddings
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Yuka
name: Ishikawa, Isao
name: Ikeda, Masahiro
name: Komura, Fuyuta
name: Katsura, Takeshi
name: Kawahara, Yoshinobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Kernel methods have been among the most popular techniques in machine learning, where learning tasks are solved using the property of reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). In this paper, we propose a novel data analysis framework with reproducing kernel Hilbert $C^*$-module (RKHM) and kernel mean embedding (KME) in RKHM. Since RKHM contains richer information than RKHS or vector-valued RKHS (vvRKHS), analysis with RKHM enables us to capture and extract structural properties in such as functional data. We show a branch of theories for RKHM to apply to data analysis, including the representer theorem, and the injectivity and universality of the proposed KME. We also show RKHM generalizes RKHS and vvRKHS. Then, we provide concrete procedures for employing RKHM and the proposed KME to data analysis.
description: merged two unpablished papers arXiv:2003.00738 and 2007.14698 into this paper. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2007.14698. Note regarding version 2: corrected typos and errors
Monolithic CMOS Pixel R&D for the ILC at LBNL
Creators: name: Battaglia, M.
name: Abrams, G.
name: Denes, P.
name: Greiner, L. C.
name: Hooberman, B.
name: Tompkins, L.
name: Wieman, H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An R&D program on monolithic CMOS pixel sensors for application at the ILC has been started at LBNL. This program profits of significant synergies with other R&D activities on CMOS pixel sensors. The project activities after the first semester of the R&D program are reviewed.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appar in the Proceedings of the 2005 International Linear Collider Workshop (LCWS05), Stanford, 18-22 March 2005
Canonical Abstract Syntax Trees
Creators: name: Reilles, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents Gom, a language for describing abstract syntax trees and generating a Java implementation for those trees. Gom includes features allowing the user to specify and modify the interface of the data structure. These features provide in particular the capability to maintain the internal representation of data in canonical form with respect to a rewrite system. This explicitly guarantees that the client program only manipulates normal forms for this rewrite system, a feature which is only implicitly used in many implementations.
Two Component Singlet-Triplet Scalar Dark Matter and Electroweak Vacuum Stability
Creators: name: Banik, Amit Dutta
name: Roshan, Rishav
name: Sil, Arunansu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a two component dark matter set-up by extending the Standard Model with a singlet and a hypercharge-less triplet scalars, each of them being odd under different $Z_2$ symmetries. We observe that the inter-conversion between the two dark matter components allow a viable parameter space where masses of both the dark matter candidates can be below TeV, even though their individual contribution to single component dark matter rules out any such sub-TeV dark matter. We find that a lighter mass of the neutral component of the scalar triplet, playing the role of one dark matter component, compared to the scalar one is favored. In addition, the set-up is shown to make the electroweak vacuum absolutely stable till the Planck scale, thanks to Higgs portal coupling with the scalar dark matter components.
description: 38 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables (Accepted in PRD)
First-order Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of Lovelock gravity
Creators: name: Guilleminot, Pablo
name: Julié, Félix-Louis
name: Merino, Nelson
name: Olea, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the insight gained by many authors over the years on the structure of the Einstein-Hilbert, Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock gravity Lagrangians, we show how to derive -- in an elementary fashion -- their first-order, generalized "ADM" Lagrangian and associated Hamiltonian. To do so, we start from the Lovelock Lagrangian supplemented with the Myers boundary term, which guarantees a Dirichlet variational principle with a surface term of the form $π^{ij}δh_{ij}$, where $π^{ij}$ is the canonical momentum conjugate to the boundary metric $h_{ij}$. Then, the first-order Lagrangian density is obtained either by integration of $π^{ij}$ over the metric derivative $\partial_wh_{ij}$ normal to the boundary, or by rewriting the Myers term as a bulk term.
On computational complexity of Siegel Julia sets
Creators: name: Binder, I.
name: Braverman, M.
name: Yampolsky, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 37F10

description: It has been previously shown by two of the authors that some polynomial Julia sets are algorithmically impossible to draw with arbitrary magnification. On the other hand, for a large class of examples the problem of drawing a picture has polynomial complexity. In this paper we demonstrate the existence of computable quadratic Julia sets whose computational complexity is arbitrarily high.
description: Updated version, to appear in Commun. Math. Phys
Relationship between scattering matrix and spectrum of quantum graphs
Creators: name: Berkolaiko, G.
name: Winn, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34B45, 35Q40

description: We investigate the equivalence between spectral characteristics of the Laplace operator on a metric graph, and the associated unitary scattering operator. We prove that the statistics of level spacings, and moments of observations in the eigenbases coincide in the limit that all bond lengths approach a positive constant value.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures; substituted a proof for a reference to a published one, other minor updates
title: Position: Why We Must Rethink Empirical Research in Machine Learning
Creators: name: Herrmann, Moritz
name: Lange, F. Julian D.
name: Eggensperger, Katharina
name: Casalicchio, Giuseppe
name: Wever, Marcel
name: Feurer, Matthias
name: Rügamer, David
name: Hüllermeier, Eyke
name: Boulesteix, Anne-Laure
name: Bischl, Bernd
Publisher: name: PMLR
Year: 2024

description: We warn against a common but incomplete understanding of empirical research in machine learning that leads to non-replicable results, makes findings unreliable, and threatens to undermine progress in the field. To overcome this alarming situation, we call for more awareness of the plurality of ways of gaining knowledge experimentally but also of some epistemic limitations. In particular, we argue most current empirical machine learning research is fashioned as confirmatory research while it should rather be considered exploratory.
Studying the UK Job Market During the COVID-19 Crisis with Online Job Ads
Creators: name: Arthur, Rudy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The COVID-19 global pandemic and the lockdown policies enacted to mitigate it have had profound effects on the labour market. Understanding these effects requires us to obtain and analyse data in as close to real time as possible, especially as rules change rapidly and local lockdowns are enacted. In this work we study the UK labour market by analysing data from the online job board Reed.co.uk. Using topic modelling and geo-inference methods we are able to break down the data by sector and geography. We also study how the salary, contract type and mode of work have changed since the COVID-19 crisis hit the UK in March. Overall, vacancies were down by 60 to 70\% in the first weeks of lockdown. By the end of the year numbers had recovered somewhat, but the total job ad deficit is measured to be over 40\%. Broken down by sector, vacancies for hospitality and graduate jobs are greatly reduced, while there were more care work and nursing vacancies during lockdown. Differences by geography are less significant than between sectors, though there is some indication that local lockdowns stall recovery and less badly hit areas may have experienced a smaller reduction in vacancies. There are also small but significant changes in the salary distribution and number of full time and permanent jobs. In addition to these results, this work presents an open methodology that enables a rapid and detailed survey of the job market in these unsettled conditions and we describe a web application \url{jobtrender.com} that allows others to query this data set.
description: 33 pages, 20 figures
SSNE: Effective Node Representation for Link Prediction in Sparse Networks
Creators: name: Chen, Min-Ren
name: Huang, Ping
name: Lin, Yu
name: Cai, Shi-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graph embedding is gaining its popularity for link prediction in complex networks and achieving excellent performance. However, limited work has been done in sparse networks that represent most of real networks. In this paper, we propose a model, Sparse Structural Network Embedding (SSNE), to obtain node representation for link predication in sparse networks. The SSNE first transforms the adjacency matrix into the Sum of Normalized $H$-order Adjacency Matrix (SNHAM), and then maps the SNHAM matrix into a $d$-dimensional feature matrix for node representation via a neural network model. The mapping operation is proved to be an equivalent variation of singular value decomposition. Finally, we calculate nodal similarities for link prediction based on such feature matrix. By extensive testing experiments bases on synthetic and real sparse network, we show that the proposed method presents better link prediction performance in comparison of those of structural similarity indexes, matrix optimization and other graph embedding models.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 4 Tables
Approximate Consistency Condition from Running Spectral Index in Slow-Roll Inflationary Models
Creators: name: Chung, Daniel J. H.
name: Romano, Antonio Enea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Density perturbations generated from inflation almost always have a spectral index n_s which runs (varies with the wavelength). We explore a running spectral index scenario in which the scalar spectral index runs from blue (n_s >1) on large length scales to red (n_s<1) on short length scales. Specifically, we look for a correlation between the length scale at which n_s-1=0 and the length scale at which tensor to scalar ratio T/S reaches a minimum for single field slow roll inflationary models. By computing the distribution of length scale ratios, we conclude that there indeed is a new approximate consistency condition that is characteristic of running spectral index scenarios that run from blue to red. Specifically, with strong running, we expect 96% of the slow roll models to have the two length scales to be within a factor of 2, with the length scale at which the tensor to scalar ratio reaching a minimum longer than the wavelength at which n_s-1=0.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
Spin-polarized tunable photocurrents
Creators: name: Berdakin, Matías
name: Rodríguez-Mena, Esteban A.
name: Torres, L. E. F. Foa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Harnessing the unique features of topological materials for the development of a new generation of topological based devices is a challenge of paramount importance. Using Floquet scattering theory combined with atomistic models we study the interplay between laser illumination, spin and topology in a two-dimensional material with spin-orbit coupling. Starting from a topological phase, we show how laser illumination can selectively disrupt the topological edge states depending on their spin. This is manifested by the generation of pure spin currents and spin-polarized charge photocurrents under linearly and circularly polarized laser-illumination, respectively. Our results open a path for the generation and control of spin-polarized photocurrents.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Intergeneration Transfers and Retiring Farmers
Creators: name: Caldwell, John
name: Culver, David
name: Caldwell, John
name: Culver, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The percentage of farmers who are approaching retirement age is increasing. The census of agriculture shows that in 2001 there were a larger percentage of farmers over 55 years of age than was the case in the previous censuses. The transferring of the assets held by these farmers to the next generation has important policy implications for the structure of Canadian agriculture. It also raises several policy questions for future research. Using data from 2005 Farm Financial Survey this paper examines the transfer of assets for both one and multi-generation farms. We have identified 73,900 farms where the oldest operator is 55 or older. Of these farmers 18,800 are operated by more than one generation of farmers. In the case of these farms the next generation is already involved in the farm business. The remaining 55,100 farms are operated by only one generation of farmers. The total assets based on market value for the one generation farms are estimated to be $47 Billion. The assets which are expected to be transferred to the next generation total $33.4 Billion. The majority of these farms are expected to be bought up by the multi-generation farms to achieve economies of scale or to be purchased by new entrants as lifestyle farms. In the case of multi-generation farms the total assets owned are estimated to be $40 Billion. The assets which are expected to be transferred to the next generation total $34.1 Billion. These farms are expected to stay within the family and be purchased by the next generation. They will continue to be operated by the next generation and in some instances on a larger scale.
IRAC Observations of Taurus Pre-Main Sequence Stars
Creators: name: Hartmann, Lee
name: Megeath, S. T.
name: Allen, Lori
name: Luhman, Kevin
name: Calvet, Nuria
name: D'Alessio, Paola
name: Franco-Hernandez, Ramiro
name: Fazio, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present infrared photometry obtained with the IRAC camera on the Spitzer Space Telescope of a sample of 82 pre-main sequence stars and brown dwarfs in the Taurus star-forming region. We find a clear separation in some IRAC color-color diagrams between objects with and without disks. A few ``transition'' objects are noted, which correspond to systems in which the inner disk has been evacuated of small dust. Separating pure disk systems from objects with remnant protostellar envelopes is more difficult at IRAC wavelengths, especially for objects with infall at low rates and large angular momenta. Our results generally confirm the IRAC color classification scheme used in previous papers by Allen et al. and Megeath et al. to distinguish between protostars, T Tauri stars with disks, and young stars without (inner) disks. The observed IRAC colors are in good agreement with recent improved disk models, and in general accord with models for protostellar envelopes derived from analyzing a larger wavelength region. We also comment on a few Taurus objects of special interest. Our results should be useful for interpreting IRAC results in other, less well-studied star-forming regions.
description: 29 pages 10 figures, to appear in ApJ
Landslides in Kentucky
Creators: name: Deen, Robert C.
name: Havens, James H.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The reoccurrence of certain features of landslides in Kentucky suggests that the difficulties in the State can be readily classified. Because of this repetitive nature, one can be alerted to the possibility of slides in certain situations early in the planning and design stages of the facility to be constructed. Thus, the traveling public might be spared the inconvenience illustrated in Figure 1. Enough cannot be said concerning the necessity for having adequate soils and geological information concerning possible routes for highway locations, and a review of a number of landslides in Kentucky suggests that there are certain troublesome geologic formations.
Definition of binding of human serum transferrin to transferrin receptor
Creators: name: Ung, Karen Chua
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Intracellular iron levels affect cell division and cell existence; hence the viability of a cell is dependent on the presence of iron. In vertebrates, transferrin is responsible for the transport of iron, helping to control the available iron levels for conservation and bacteriostatic effect, and protecting cells against the toxic effects of free iron. Uptake of iron in cells occurs predominantly by the receptormediated endocytosis of diferric transferrin bound to the transferrin receptor on the cell surface. To date, limited information is available as to the nature of the interaction of transferrin with the transferrin receptor. High affinity monoclonal antibodies are useful as probes to determine regions of transferrin involved in binding to the transferrin receptor. For example, monoclonal antibodies raised against the N-lobe and C-lobe of chicken ovotransferrin have been used to demonstrate that both lobes of ovotransferrin must be present and associated for the binding to the ovotransferrin receptor to occur. As well, different affinities of the monoclonal antibodies to apoovotransferrin and holo-ovotansferrin have been used as evidence that local structural changes occur upon iron binding. Monoclonal antibodies against human serum transferrin have been raised and characterized. Some but not all of such antibodies inhibit the binding of serum transferrin to its receptor. In this study, the objective was to determine the antigenic epitope on human serum transferrin recognized by a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the binding of transferrin to its receptor. A bacterial cell culture system was used for the expression of N-lobe, Clobe and C-lobe fragments of human serum transferrin as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase. Using this expression system, the epitope of the antitransferrin antibody to C-lobe, designated as F-11, was identified to a small region on human serum transferrin. Comparison of the F-11 epitope with the known three-dimensional structure of human serum transferrin facilitated the
Introduction to Quantum Cryptography
Creators: name: Rigolin, Gustavo
name: Rieznik, Andres A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show in details the four quantum key distribution protocols which initiated the important field of quantum cryptography, using an accessible language for undergraduate students. We begin presenting the BB84 protocol, which uses polarization states of photons in order to transmit cryptographic keys. Thereupon we show the E91 protocol, whose security is based on the use of singlet states to generate a random sequence of bits. We end the paper with the BBM92 and the B92 protocol. These last two protocols can be seen as simplified versions of the first two.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, text in Portuguese, to be published in Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Fisica
Breve Introdução ao C/C++ com IDE de Desenvolvimento
Creators: name: Machado Coelho, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Breve apresentação em Português Brasileiro sobre como configurar um projeto na IDE de código-aberto VSCode para desenvolvimento em C/C++, considerando revisão C++20. São apresentados recursos básicos como compiladores (GCC, clang, ...), sistemas de construção (CMake, cxxbuild, ...), analisadores estáticos (cpplint, clang-tidy, ...) e micro-serviços (docker, ...).