cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supporting Information from Imaging optical scattering of butterfly wing scales with a microscope
Creators: name: Jinxin Fu
name: Beom-Jin Yoon
name: Park, Jung Ok
name: Srinivasarao, Mohan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 90301 Biomaterials
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: A new optical method is proposed to investigate the reflectance of structurally coloured objects, such as Morpho butterfly wing scales and cholesteric liquid crystals. Using a reflected-light microscope and a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera, we have successfully measured the two-dimensional reflection pattern of individual wing scales of Morpho butterflies.We demonstrate that this method enables us to measure the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). The scattering image observed in the back focal plane of the objective is projected onto the camera sensor by inserting a Bertrand lens in the optical path of the microscope. With monochromatic light illumination, we quantify the angle-dependent reflectance spectra from the wing scales of Morpho rhetenor by retrieving the raw signal from the digital camera sensor. We also demonstrate that the polarization-dependent reflection of individual wing scales is readily observed using this method, using the individual wing scales of Morpho cypris. In an effort to show the generality of the method, we used a chiral nematic fluid to illustrate the angle-dependent reflectance as seen by this method.
Simultaneous measurement of the exchange parameter and saturation magnetization using propagating spin waves
Creators: name: Riley, Grant A.
name: Shaw, Justin M.
name: Silva, Thomas J.
name: Nembach, Hans T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exchange interaction in ferromagnetic ultra-thin films is a critical parameter in magnetization-based storage and logic devices, yet the accurate measurement of it remains a challenge. While a variety of approaches are currently used to determine the exchange parameter, each has its limitations, and good agreement among them has not been achieved. To date, neutron scattering, magnetometry, Brillouin light scattering, spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Kerr microscopy have all been used to determine the exchange parameter. Here we present a novel method that exploits the wavevector selectivity of Brillouin light scattering to measure the spin wave dispersion in both the backward volume and Damon-Eshbach orientations. The exchange, saturation magnetization, and magnetic thickness are then determined by a simultaneous fit of both dispersion branches with general spin wave theory without any prior knowledge of the thickness of a magnetic "dead layer". In this work, we demonstrate the strength of this technique for ultrathin metallic films, typical of those commonly used in industrial applications for magnetic random-access memory.
Observation and modelling of bound-free transitions to the $X^1Σ^+$ and $a^3Σ^+$ states of KCs
Creators: name: Krumins, Valts
name: Kruzins, Artis
name: Tamanis, Maris
name: Ferber, Ruvin
name: Meshkov, Vladimir V.
name: Pazyuk, Elena A.
name: Stolyarov, Andrey V.
name: Pashov, Asen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The oscillation continuum in laser-induced fluorescence spectra of bound-free $c^3Σ^+ \to a^3Σ^+$ and (4)$^1Σ^+ \to X^1Σ^+$ transitions of the KCs molecule were recorded by Fourier-transform spectrometer and modelled under the adiabatic approximation. The required interatomic potentials for ground $a^3Σ^+$ and $X^1Σ^+$ states were reconstructed in an analytical Chebishev-polynomial-expansion form in the framework of the regularization direct-potential-fit procedure based on the simultaneous consideration of experimental line positions from [R. Ferber et al, Phys. Rev. A, \textbf{80}, 062501 (2009)] and the present \emph{ab initio} calculation of short-range repulsive potential data. It was proved that the repulsive part over dissociation limit of the derived $a^3Σ^+$ potential reproduces the experiment better than the potentials reported in literature. It is also shown that all empirical and semi-empirical potentials available for the $X^1Σ^+$ state reproduce the bound-free (4)$^1Σ^+ \to X^1Σ^+$ spectrum with equal quality in the range of observations.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Closed Vortex Filament in a Cylindrical Domain: Circulation Quantization
Creators: name: Talalov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article investigates quantum oscillations of a vortex ring with zero thickness that evolves in a cylindrical domain $V = D \times [0,L]$. The symbol $D$ denotes the planar domain which is bounded by some closed connected curve $S$. The quantization scheme of this dynamical system is based on the approach proposed by the author earlier. As result, we find the discrete values $Γ_n$ for circulation $Γ$. In contrast to the traditional approach, where such quantities are usually postulated, the values $Γ_n$ are deduced rigorously as the consequence of the conventional scheme of quantum theory. The model demonstrates the splitting of levels also. In particular, the levels correction values depend on the domain $V$: both the cylinder height $L$ and the form of the curve $S$ affect the final formula for the quantities $Γ_n$. Moreover, we prove that the basic circulation levels demonstrate a "fine structure". These anomalous terms, which are proportional to the value $\hbar^2$, are calculated in the article as well. The conclusions are compared with some results of numerical simulations by other authors.
description: 11 pages
Large scale behavior of the energy spectra of the quantum random antiferromagnetic Ising chain with mixed transverse and longitudinal fields
Creators: name: Berkovits, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years it became clear that the metallic regime of systems that exhibit a many body localization (MBL) behavior show properties which are quite different than the vanilla metallic region of the single particle Anderson regime. Here we show that the large scale energy spectrum of a canonical microscopical model featuring MBL, displays a non-universal behavior at intermediate scales, which is distinct from the deviation from universality seen in the single particle Anderson regime. The crucial step in revealing this behavior is a global unfolding of the spectrum performed using the singular value decomposition (SVD) which takes into account the sample to sample fluctuations of the spectra. The spectrum properties may be observed directly in the singular value amplitudes via the scree plot, or by using the SVD to unfold the spectra and then perform a number of states variance calculation. Both methods reveal an intermediate scale of energies which follow super Posissonian statistics.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Planning for compact urban forms: local growth-management approaches and their evolution over time
Creators: name: Rudolf, Sophie C.
name: Kienast, Felix
name: Hersperger, Anna M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Urban growth is a key issue for spatial planning as it influences urban patterns and disrupts open landscapes. To effectively steer urban growth towards compact urban forms, many growth-management policies have been developed over recent decades. However, few studies have assessed how municipal policy mixes have evolved over time. In our representative Swiss-wide survey, we evaluated the prevalence and the time of introduction of 18 policies. Our results indicate that large municipalities use a broad range of reinforcing policies over decades. In contrast, small municipalities mostly rely on conventional land-use regulations. The lack of innovative, incentive-based policies casts doubt on small municipalities' ability to effectively manage urban growth. However, our analyses reveal recent efforts by small municipalities to diversify approaches to growth management and adopt innovative policies. These efforts should be supported by guiding small municipalities in their policy choices, and providing support to those lacking planning capacity.
Magnetic Tubes - Instability of a Drug Deliverer
Creators: name: Rehberg, Ingo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Tubular assemblies of magnetic particles act as microrobots for cargo transport [1]. The magnetization of such tubes comes in two families: Circular magnetization is preferred for short tubes, and axial magnetization for longer ones [2, 3]. Introducing the strength of the outer dipole ring as an order parameter [4] in a numerical simulation unveils the nature of that transition from circular to axial states [5].

[1] Xiaoyu Wang et al., PNAS 120, e2304685120 (2023).

[2] Igor Stanković et al., Nanoscale 11, 2521 (2019).

[3] Adrien Wafflard et al., New J. Phys. 25, 063024 (2023).

[4] Simeon Völkel et al., JMMM 559, 169520 (2022).

[5] Ingo Rehberg, Magnetic Tubes, Buckyballs, and other Drug Deliverers - Examine 537 dipole Clusters with a single Python Animation; DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10084573 (2023).
description: Talk presented at DPG Spring Meeting 2024:

https://www.dpg-verhandlungen.de/year/2024/conference/berlin/part/dy/session/48/contribution/7?lang=en
Compact Plug and Play Optical Frequency Reference Device Based on Doppler-Free Spectroscopy of Rubidium Vapor
Creators: name: Strangfeld, Aaron
name: Wiegand, Benjamin
name: Kluge, Julien
name: Schoch, Matthias
name: Krutzik, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compactness, robustness and autonomy of optical frequency references are prerequisites for reliable operation in mobile systems, on ground as well as in space. We present a standalone plug and play optical frequency reference device based on frequency modulation spectroscopy of the D2-transition in rubidium at 780 nm. After a single button press the hand-sized laser module, based on the micro-integrated laser-optical bench described in [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 38, 1885-1891 (2021)], works fully autonomous and generates 6 mW of frequency stabilized light with a relative frequency instability of 1.4e-12 at 1 s and below 1e-11 at 1e5 s averaging time. We describe the design of the device, investigate the thermal characteristics affecting the output frequency and demonstrate short-term frequency stability improvement by a Bayesian optimizer varying the modulation parameters.
Study 2 - Greensboro Employee Wellbeing Project
Creators: name: Bartmann, Nina
name: Gaudreau, Lauren
name: Daly, Michael
name: Sanders, Jet
name: Sherlock, Joseph
name: Hulbert, Ryan
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2020

description: Here we replicate the intervention designed for Guildford County with Greensboro County, with minor alterations: the same intervention is administered with the addition of a commitment contract through a link offered in the challenge emails, and a choice of challenge (A or B) offered once weekly. Measurement of wellbeing is also reduced to bi-weekly. This lengthens the intervention duration, but halves the amount of correspondence received by the participant.
Can Population III stars be major origins of both merging binary black holes and extremely metal poor stars?
Creators: name: Tanikawa, Ataru
name: Chiaki, Gen
name: Kinugawa, Tomoya
name: Suwa, Yudai
name: Tominaga, Nozomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Population (Pop) III stars, first stars, or metal-free stars are made of primordial gas. We have examined if they can be dominant origins of merging binary black holes (BHs) and extremely metal-poor stars. The abundance pattern of EMP stars is helpful to trace back the properties of Pop III stars. We have confirmed previous arguments that the observed BH merger rate needs Pop III star formation efficiency 10 times larger than theoretically predicted values, while the cosmic reionization history still permits such a high Pop III star formation efficiency. On the other hand, we have newly found that the elemental abundance pattern of EMP stars only allows the Pop III initial mass function with the minimum mass of $\sim 15 - 27$ $M_\odot$. In other words, the minimum mass must not deviate largely from the critical mass below and above which Pop III stars leave behind neutron stars and BHs, respectively. Pop III stars may be still a dominant origin of merging binary BHs but our study has reduced the allowed parameter space under a hypothesis that EMP stars are formed from primordial gas mixed with Pop III supernova ejecta.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, PASJ accepted
Magnetic Tubes - Instability of a Drug Deliverer
Creators: name: Rehberg, Ingo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Tubular assemblies of magnetic particles act as microrobots for cargo transport [1]. The magnetization of such tubes comes in two families: Circular magnetization is preferred for short tubes, and axial magnetization for longer ones [2, 3]. Introducing the strength of the outer dipole ring as an order parameter [4] in a numerical simulation unveils the nature of that transition from circular to axial states [5].

[1] Xiaoyu Wang et al., PNAS 120, e2304685120 (2023).

[2] Igor Stanković et al., Nanoscale 11, 2521 (2019).

[3] Adrien Wafflard et al., New J. Phys. 25, 063024 (2023).

[4] Simeon Völkel et al., JMMM 559, 169520 (2022).

[5] Ingo Rehberg, Magnetic Tubes, Buckyballs, and other Drug Deliverers - Examine 537 dipole Clusters with a single Python Animation; DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10084573 (2023).
description: Talk presented at DPG Spring Meeting 2024:

https://www.dpg-verhandlungen.de/year/2024/conference/berlin/part/dy/session/48/contribution/7?lang=en

 
description: Text and slides are combined in a pdf. The movies are available in the previous version.
description: In the experiment shown in the talk, the distance between two short tubes is actually used as a control parameter.
A Changemaker's Guide to the Energy Transition: Citizens designing change one step at a time
Creators: name: Pearce, BinBin
name: Verhulst, Benoît
name: Dagorne, Erwan
name: Gamez Mokay, Nely
name: Djinlev, Vanja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Horizon 2020 project ENCLUDE presents The Changemaker's Guide to the Energy Transition, a playbook that aims to take citizens step by step to design, implement and reflect on an initiative of their own related to the energy transition.

This is the outcome of helping citizens develop their own community energy initiatives. The approaches used in the playbook are based on an online programme, called the ENCLUDE Academy, developed as a part of the research project called ENCLUDE, as well as methods that have been used with more than 1,500 Bachelor and Masters students in Europe.

This playbook is for anyone looking to contribute to or already engaged in the energy transition. It is tailored for those interested in launching or already working on community projects related to energy and decarbonization or for civic organizations and local authorities who want to empower citizens to work together towards change.
Magnetic Tubes - Instability of a Drug Deliverer
Creators: name: Rehberg, Ingo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Tubular assemblies of magnetic particles act as microrobots for cargo transport [1]. The magnetization of such tubes comes in two families: Circular magnetization is preferred for short tubes, and axial magnetization for longer ones [2, 3]. Introducing the strength of the outer dipole ring as an order parameter [4] in a numerical simulation unveils the nature of that transition from circular to axial states [5].

[1] Xiaoyu Wang et al., PNAS 120, e2304685120 (2023).

[2] Igor Stanković et al., Nanoscale 11, 2521 (2019).

[3] Adrien Wafflard et al., New J. Phys. 25, 063024 (2023).

[4] Simeon Völkel et al., JMMM 559, 169520 (2022).

[5] Ingo Rehberg, Magnetic Tubes, Buckyballs, and other Drug Deliverers - Examine 537 dipole Clusters with a single Python Animation; DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10084573 (2023).
description: Talk presented at DPG Spring Meeting 2024:

https://www.dpg-verhandlungen.de/year/2024/conference/berlin/part/dy/session/48/contribution/7?lang=en

In the experiment shown in the talk, the distance between two short tubes is actually used as a control parameter.

Severe typos on slide 4 have been corrected in Version 1.0.2. The movies are available in the previous version 1.0.0.
Japan Flavour and Fragrance Materials Association’s (JFFMA) safety assessment of food-flavouring substances uniquely used in Japan that belong to the class of aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acetals and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups
Creators: name: Saito, Kenji
name: Hasegawa-Baba, Yasuko
name: Sekiya, Fumiko
name: Shim-Mo Hayashi
name: Mirokuji, Yoshiharu
name: Okamura, Hiroyuki
name: Maruyama, Shinpei
name: Ono, Atsushi
name: Nakajima, Madoka
name: Masakuni Degawa
name: Ozawa, Shogo
name: Shibutani, Makoto
name: Maitani, Tamio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: We performed a safety evaluation using the procedure devised by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) of the following four flavouring substances that belong to the class of ‘aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acetals, and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups’ and are uniquely used in Japan: butyl butyrylacetate, ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate, 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid and methyl hydroxyacetate. Although no genotoxicity study data were found in the published literature, none of the four substances had chemical structural alerts predicting genotoxicity. All four substances were categorised as class I by using Cramer’s classification. The estimated daily intake of each of the four substances was determined to be 0.007–2.9 μg/person/day by using the maximised survey-derived intake method and based on the annual production data in Japan in 2001, 2005 and 2010, and was determined to be 0.250–600.0 μg/person/day by using the single-portion exposure technique and based on average-use levels in standard portion sizes of flavoured foods. Both of these estimated daily intake ranges were below the threshold of toxicological concern for class I substances, which is 1800 μg/person/day. Although no information from in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies for the four substances was available, these substances were judged to raise no safety concerns at the current levels of intake.
Kuchowicz gravastars in the braneworld formalism
Creators: name: Sokoliuk, Oleksii
name: Baransky, Alexander
name: Sahoo, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the current letter, we study isotropic static spherically symmetric gravastars without charge under the framework of braneworld gravity (dimensionally reduced RS-II braneworld with positive brane tension) using the metric potential of Kuchowicz type (which is physically acceptable, non-singular and stable) in the Mazur-Motolla conjuncture. We derived the Kuchowicz free parameters from the junction conditions assuming Schwarzschild vacuum without cosmological constant. As well, we assume that the interior is filled with Dark Energy (DE-like) fluid, shell with ultrarelativistic stiff fluid. Adopting this conditions, we probed several physical aspects of the gravastars, such as proper length, shell energy and entropy, surface redshift and adiabatic index, interior region mass.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures: Revised version
Tensor cross interpolation approach for quantum impurity problems based on the weak-coupling expansion
Creators: name: Matsuura, Shuta
name: Shinaoka, Hiroshi
name: Werner, Philipp
name: Tsuji, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the tensor cross interpolation (TCI) algorithm to solve equilibrium quantum impurity problems with high precision based on the weak-coupling expansion. The TCI algorithm, a kind of active learning method, factorizes high-dimensional integrals that appear in the perturbative expansion into a product of low-dimensional ones, enabling us to evaluate higher-order terms efficiently. This method is free from the sign problem which quantum Monte Carlo methods sometimes suffer from, and allows one to directly calculate the free energy. We benchmark the TCI impurity solver on an exactly solvable impurity model, and find good agreement with the exact solutions. We also incorporate the TCI impurity solver into the dynamical mean-field theory to solve the Hubbard model, and show that the metal-to-Mott insulator transition is correctly described with comparable accuracy to the Monte Carlo methods. Behind the effectiveness of the TCI approach for quantum impurity problems lies the fact that the integrands in the weak-coupling expansion naturally have a low-rank structure in the tensor-train representation.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Transverse Polarization of Hyperons Produced in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering
Creators: name: Koike, Yuji
name: Takada, Kazuki
name: Usui, Sumire
name: Yabe, Kenta
name: Yoshida, Shinsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transverse polarization of hyperons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, $ep\to eΛ^\uparrow X$, in the framework of the collinear twist-3 factorization. The cross section from the twist-3 distribution functions and the twist-3 quark fragmentation functions is computed in the leading order with respect to the QCD coupling constant. The constraint relations among the twist-3 FFs are taken into account to simplify the formula. The formula is relevant to large-$P_T$ hyperon production in the future Electron-Ion-Collider experiment.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures. Typos and figures corrected. Some discussions added. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
ALMA High-resolution Multiband Analysis for the Protoplanetary Disk around TW Hya
Creators: name: Tsukagoshi, Takashi
name: Nomura, Hideko
name: Muto, Takayuki
name: Kawabe, Ryohei
name: Kanagawa, Kazuhiro D.
name: Okuzumi, Satoshi
name: Ida, Shigeru
name: Walsh, Catherine
name: Millar, Tom J.
name: Takahashi, Sanemichi Z.
name: Hashimoto, Jun
name: Uyama, Taichi
name: Tamura, Motohide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a high-resolution (2.5 au) multiband analysis of the protoplanetary disk around TW Hya using ALMA long baseline data at Bands 3, 4, 6, and 7. We aim to reconstruct a high-sensitivity millimeter continuum image and revisit the spectral index distribution. The imaging is performed by combining new ALMA data at Bands 4 and 6 with available archive data. Two methods are employed to reconstruct the images; multi-frequency synthesis (MFS) and the fiducial image-oriented method, where each band is imaged separately and the frequency dependence is fitted pixel by pixel. We find that the MFS imaging with the second order of Taylor expansion can reproduce the frequency dependence of the continuum emission between Bands 3 and 7 in a manner consistent with previous studies and is a reasonable method to reconstruct the spectral index map. The image-oriented method provides a spectral index map consistent with the MFS imaging, but with a two times lower resolution. Mock observations of an intensity model were conducted to validate the images from the two methods. We find that the MFS imaging provides a high-resolution spectral index distribution with an uncertainty of $<10$~\%. Using the submillimeter spectrum reproduced from our MFS images, we directly calculated the optical depth, power-law index of the dust opacity coefficient ($β$), and dust temperature. The derived parameters are consistent with previous works, and the enhancement of $β$ within the intensity gaps is also confirmed, supporting a deficit of millimeter-sized grains within the gaps.
description: 17pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
The effects of microscopic scattering on terahertz third harmonic generation in monolayer graphene
Creators: name: Navaeipour, Parvin
name: Dignam, Marc M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to its linear dispersion, monolayer graphene is expected to generate a third harmonic response at terahertz frequencies. There have been a variety of different models of this effect and recently it has been experimentally observed. However, there is still considerable uncertainty as to the role of scattering on harmonic generation in graphene. In this work, we model third-harmonic generation in doped monolayer graphene at THz frequencies by employing a nearest-neighbour tight-binding model in the length gauge. We include optical phonon and neutral impurity scattering at the microscopic level, and examine the effects of scattering on the third harmonic response. We also compare the results of a phenomenological semiclassical theory, using a field-dependent scattering time extracted from the simulation, and find a significantly lower third harmonic field than that found from the microscopic model. This demonstrates that third-harmonic generation is much more sensitive to the nature of the scattering than is the linear response. We also compare the results of our full simulation to recent experimental results and find qualitative agreement.
Japan Flavour and Fragrance Materials Association’s safety assessment of food flavouring substances uniquely used in Japan that belong to the class of aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acetals, and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups
Creators: name: Saito, Kenji
name: Hasegawa-Baba, Yasuko
name: Sekiya, Fumiko
name: Shim-Mo Hayashi
name: Mirokuji, Yoshiharu
name: Okamura, Hiroyuki
name: Maruyama, Shinpei
name: Ono, Atsushi
name: Nakajima, Madoka
name: Masakuni Degawa
name: Ozawa, Shogo
name: Shibutani, Makoto
name: Maitani, Tamio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: We performed a safety evaluation using the procedure devised by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives of the following four flavouring substances that belong to the class of ‘aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acetals, and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups’ and are uniquely used in Japan: butyl butyrylacetate, ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate, 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid and methyl hydroxyacetate. Although no genotoxicity study data were found in the published literature, none of the four substances had chemical structural alerts predicting genotoxicity. All four substances were categorised as class I by using Cramer’s classification. The estimated daily intake of each of the four substances was determined to be 0.007–2.9 μg/person/day by using the maximised survey-derived intake method and based on the annual production data in Japan in 2001, 2005 and 2010, and was determined to be 0.250–600.0 μg/person/day by using the single portion exposure technique and based on average use levels in standard portion sizes of flavoured foods. Both of these estimated daily intake ranges were below the threshold of toxicological concern for class I substances, which is 1800 μg/person/day. Although no information from in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies for the four substances was available, these substances were judged to raise no safety concerns at the current levels of intake.
Aspects of Complexity in Quantum Evolutions on the Bloch Sphere
Creators: name: Cafaro, Carlo
name: Clements, Emma
name: Alanazi, Abeer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We enhance our quantitative comprehension of the complexity associated with both time-optimal and time sub-optimal quantum Hamiltonian evolutions that connect arbitrary source and target states on the Bloch sphere, as recently presented in Nucl. Phys. B1010, 116755 (2025). Initially, we examine each unitary Schrodinger quantum evolution selected through various metrics, such as path length, geodesic efficiency, speed efficiency, and the curvature coefficient of the corresponding quantum-mechanical trajectory that connects the source state to the target state on the Bloch sphere. Subsequently, we evaluate the selected evolutions using our proposed measure of complexity, as well as in relation to the concept of complexity length scale. The choice of both time-optimal and time sub-optimal evolutions, along with the selection of source and target states, enables us to conduct pertinent sanity checks that seek to validate the physical relevance of the framework supporting our proposed complexity measure. Our research suggests that, in general, efficient quantum evolutions possess a lower complexity than their inefficient counterparts. However, it is important to recognize that complexity is not solely determined by length; in fact, longer trajectories that are adequately curved may exhibit a complexity that is less than or equal to that of shorter trajectories with a lower curvature coefficient.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Dealing with density discontinuities in planetary SPH simulations
Creators: name: Ruiz-Bonilla, Sergio
name: Borrow, Josh
name: Eke, Vincent R.
name: Kegerreis, Jacob A.
name: Massey, Richard J.
name: Sandnes, Thomas D.
name: Teodoro, Luis F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Density discontinuities cannot be precisely modelled in standard formulations of smoothed particles hydrodynamics (SPH) because the density field is defined smoothly as a kernel-weighted sum of neighbouring particle masses. This is a problem when performing simulations of giant impacts between proto-planets, for example, because planets typically do have density discontinuities both at their surfaces and at any internal boundaries between different materials. The inappropriate densities in these regions create artificial forces that effectively suppress mixing between particles of different material and, as a consequence, this problem introduces a key unknown systematic error into studies that rely on SPH simulations. In this work we present a novel, computationally cheap method that deals simultaneously with both of these types of density discontinuity in SPH simulations. We perform standard hydrodynamical tests and several example giant impact simulations, and compare the results with standard SPH. In a simulated Moon-forming impact using $10^7$ particles, the improved treatment at boundaries affects at least 30% of the particles at some point during the simulation.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
A novel pH-responsive hydrogel-based on calcium alginate engineered by the previous formation of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) intended to vaginal administration
Creators: name: Ferreira, Natália Noronha
name: Taciane Alvarenga Perez
name: Pedreiro, Liliane Neves
name: Fabíola Garavello Prezotti
name: Boni, Fernanda Isadora
name: Cardoso, Valéria Maria De Oliveira
name: Venâncio, Tiago
name: Gremião, Maria Palmira Daflon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: This work aimed to develop a calcium alginate hydrogel as a pH responsive delivery system for polymyxin B (PMX) sustained-release through the vaginal route. Two samples of sodium alginate from different suppliers were characterized. The molecular weight and M/G ratio determined were, approximately, 107 KDa and 1.93 for alginate_S and 32 KDa and 1.36 for alginate_V. Polymer rheological investigations were further performed through the preparation of hydrogels. Alginate_V was selected for subsequent incorporation of PMX due to the acquisition of pseudoplastic viscous system able to acquiring a differential structure in simulated vaginal microenvironment (pH 4.5). The PMX-loaded hydrogel (hydrogel_PMX) was engineered based on polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) formation between alginate and PMX followed by crosslinking with calcium chloride. This system exhibited a morphology with variable pore sizes, ranging from 100 to 200 μm and adequate syringeability. The hydrogel liquid uptake ability in an acid environment was minimized by the previous PECs formation. In vitro tests evidenced the hydrogels mucoadhesiveness. PMX release was pH-dependent and the system was able to sustain the release up to 6 days. A burst release was observed at pH 7.4 and drug release was driven by an anomalous transport, as determined by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. At pH 4.5, drug release correlated with Weibull model and drug transport was driven by Fickian diffusion. The calcium alginate hydrogels engineered by the previous formation of PECs showed to be a promising platform for sustained release of cationic drugs through vaginal administration.
Relativistic Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov model for axially deformed nuclei
Creators: name: Geng, Jing
name: Long, Wen Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Staring from the Lagrangian density that foots on the meson-propagated picture of nuclear force, the full Hamiltonian, that contains both mean field and pairing contributions, is derived by quantizing the Dirac spinor field in the Bogoliubov quasi-particle space, and the expectation with respect to the Bogoliubov ground state gives the full energy functional. As an extension of the D-RHF model, the degree of freedom associated with the $ρ$-tensor ($ρ$-T) coupling is implemented, and incorporating with the Bogoliubov scheme the finite-range Gogny force D1S is utilized as the pairing force. Moreover, qualitative analysis on the nature of the $π$-PV and $ρ$-T couplings are presented for better understanding their enhancements on the deformation effects. Space convergence related to the spherical DWS base is confirmed for the D-RHFB model by taking light nucleus $^{24}$Mg and mid-heavy one $^{156}$Sm as candidates. Compared to light nuclei, extraordinary more negative energy states are necessitated to keep the expansion completeness on the spherical DWS base for mid-heavy and heavy nuclei, due to the enhanced correlations between the expansion components with large $κ$-quantity as indicated by the nature of the $π$-PV and $ρ$-T couplings. Furthermore, because of the enhanced deformation effects by the $π$-PV and $ρ$-T couplings, the RHF Lagrangian PKA1 presents deeper bound ground state for $^{24}$Mg than the other selected Lagrangians, in addition to predicting a fairly deep bound local minimum with large oblate deformation.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures and 2 tables
Accumulation time of diffusion in a 3D singularly perturbed domain
Creators: name: Bressloff, Paul C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boundary value problems for diffusion in singularly perturbed domains (domains with small holes removed from the interior) is a topic of considerable current interest. Applications include intracellular diffusive transport and the spread of pollutants or heat from localized sources. In a previous paper, we introduced a new method for characterizing the approach to steady-state in the case of two-dimensional (2D) diffusion. This was based on a local measure of the relaxation rate known as the accumulation time $T(\x)$. The latter was calculated by solving the diffusion equation in Laplace space using a combination of matched asymptotics and Green's function methods. We thus obtained an asymptotic expansion of $T(\x)$ in powers of $ν=-1/\ln ε$, where $ε$ specifies the relative size of the holes. In this paper, we develop the corresponding theory for three-dimensional (3D) diffusion. The analysis is a non-trivial extension of the 2D case due to differences in the singular nature of the Laplace transformed Green's function. In particular, the asymptotic expansion of the solution of the 3D diffusion equation in Laplace space involves terms of order $O((ε/s)^n)$, where $s$ is the Laplace variable. These $s$-singularities have to be removed by partial series resummations in order to obtain an asymptotic expansion of $T(\x)$ in powers of $ε$.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2111.03587
Magnetohydrodynamic wave mode identification in circular and elliptical sunspot umbrae: evidence for high order modes
Creators: name: Albidah, A. B.
name: Fedun, V.
name: Aldhafeeri, A. A.
name: Ballai, I.
name: Brevis, W.
name: Jess, D. B.
name: Higham, J.
name: Stangalini, M.
name: Silva, S. S. A.
name: Verth, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we provide clear direct evidence of multiple concurrent higher order magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes in circular and elliptical sunspots by applying both Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) techniques on solar observational data. These techniques are well documented and validated in the areas of fluid mechanics, hydraulics, and granular flows, yet are relatively new to the field of solar physics. While POD identifies modes based on orthogonality in space and it provides a clear ranking of modes in terms of their contribution to the variance of the signal, DMD resolves modes that are orthogonal in time. The clear presence of the fundamental slow sausage and kink body modes, as well as higher order slow sausage and kink body modes have been identified using POD and DMD analysis of the chromospheric H$α$ line at 6562.808~Å for both the circular and elliptical sunspots. Additionally, to the various slow body modes, evidence for the presence of the fast surface kink mode was found in the circular sunspot. All the MHD modes patterns were cross-correlated with their theoretically predicted counterparts and we demonstrated that ellipticity cannot be neglected when interpreting MHD wave modes. The higher-order MHD wave modes are even more sensitive to irregularities in umbral cross-sectional shapes, hence this must be taken into account for more accurate modelling of the modes in sunspots and pores.
description: Figures 21 and 22 should be presented in the appendix section and then followed by references
Production of single cell protein (SCP) from food and agricultural waste by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Creators: name: Gervasi, Teresa
name: Pellizzeri, Vito
name: Calabrese, Giorgio
name: Bella, Giuseppa Di
name: Cicero, Nicola
name: Dugo, Giacomo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Food waste is the single-largest component of the waste stream, in order to protect and safeguard the public health, useful and innovative recycling methods are investigated. The conversion of food wastes in value-added products is becoming a more economically viable and interesting practice. Food waste, collected in the distribution sector and citrus industries, was characterised for its potential as a raw material to use in fermentation processes. In this study, the production of single-cell protein (SCP) using food waste as a substrate was investigated. The purpose of this study has been to produce SCP from mixtures of food waste using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The main fermentation test was carried out using a 25 l bioreactor. The utilisation of food waste can allow us to not only to reduce environmental pollution, but also to obtain value-added products such as protein supply for animal feed.
Magnetic fields limit the mass of Population III stars even before the onset of protostellar radiation feedback
Creators: name: Sharda, Piyush
name: Menon, Shyam H.
name: Gerasimov, Roman
name: Bromm, Volker
name: Burkhart, Blakesley
name: Haemmerlé, Lionel
name: van Veenen, Lisanne
name: Wibking, Benjamin D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The masses of Population III stars are largely unconstrained since no simulations exist that take all relevant primordial star formation physics into account. We perform the first suite of radiation magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD) simulations of Population III star formation, with the POPSICLE project. Compared to control simulations that only include magnetic fields (MHD), protostellar ionizing and dissociating feedback, or neither, the RMHD simulation best resembles the MHD simulation during the earliest stages of collapse and star formation. In $5000\,\rm{yrs}$, the mass of the most massive star is $65\,\rm{M_{\odot}}$ in the RMHD simulation, compared to $120\,\rm{M_{\odot}}$ in simulations without magnetic fields. This difference arises because magnetic fields act against gravity, suppress mass transport, and reduce compressional heating. The maximum stellar mass of Population III stars is thus already limited by magnetic fields, even before accretion rates drop to allow significant protostellar radiative feedback. Following classical main sequence stellar evolution with MESA reveals that it is difficult to create Population III stars with masses larger than $600\,\rm{M_{\odot}}$ in typical dark matter minihaloes at $z \gtrsim 20$, with maximum stellar masses $\sim 100\,\rm{M_{\odot}}$ more likely due to expected negative feedback from both magnetic fields and stellar radiation. This work lays the first step in building a full physics-informed mass function of Population III stars.
description: 5 pages + appendix, accepted by MNRAS
Software Bills of Materials in Maven Central
Creators: name: Gamage, Yogya
name: Fernandez, Nadia Gonzalez
name: Monperrus, Martin
name: Baudry, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software Bills of Materials (SBOMs) are essential to ensure the transparency and integrity of the software supply chain. There is a growing body of work that investigates the accuracy of SBOM generation tools and the challenges for producing complete SBOMs. Yet, there is little knowledge about how developers distribute SBOMs. In this work, we mine SBOMs from Maven Central to assess the extent to which developers publish SBOMs along with the artifacts. We develop our work on top of the Goblin framework, which consists of a Maven Central dependency graph and a Weaver that allows augmenting the dependency graph with additional data. For this study, we select a sample of 10% of release nodes from the Maven Central dependency graph and collected 14,071 SBOMs from 7,290 package releases. We then augment the Maven Central dependency graph with the collected SBOMs. We present our methodology to mine SBOMs, as well as novel insights about SBOM publication. Our dataset is the first set of SBOMs collected from a package registry. We make it available as a standalone dataset, which can be used for future research about SBOMs and package distribution.
Exclusive nonleptonic Bc-meson decays to S-wave charmonium states
Creators: name: Nayak, Lopamudra
name: Dash, P. C.
name: Kar, Susmita
name: Barik, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the exclusive two-body nonleptonic $B_c\to X_{c\bar{c}}M$ decays, where $X_{c\bar{c}}$ is either a ground(1S) or a radially excited (2S or 3S) charmonium and $M$ is a pseudoscalar $(P)$ or a vector $(V)$ meson. We consider here three categories of decays: $B_c \to PP, PV, VP$ decays within the framework of relativistic independent quark(RIQ) model based on a flavor-independent interaction potential in scalar-vector harmonic form. Using the factorization approximation, we calculate the weak form factors from the overlapping integrals of meson wave functions obtained in the RIQ model and predict the branching fractions for a set of exclusive nonleptonic $B_c$-decays in reasonable agreement with other model predictions. Some of the decays of interest are found to have branching fractions $\sim (10^{-3}-10^{-4})$ within the detection ability of the current experiments and can be precisely measured at LHCb in near future. In the wake of the recent measurement of $B_c\to J/ψπ(K)$, $B_c\to J/ψπ(D_s)$, $B_c\to π(J/ψ,ψ(2S))$ and $B_c\to J/ψ(π,μν)$ reported by the LHCb Collaborations, we predict the ratios: ${\cal R}_{K/π}$, ${\cal R}_{D_s/π}$ and ${\cal R}_{ψ(2S)/{J/ψ}}$ in broad agreement with the LHCb data though our predicted ratio ${\cal R}_{π/{μν}}$ is found to be underestimated. The results indicate that the present approach works well in the description of exclusive nonleptonic $B_c$-decays within the framework of the RIQ model.