Cumbre lamasi Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande, 2014, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Cumbre
Cumbre lamasi

description: Cumbre lamasi sp. nov.
(Figs 13–16, 20, 39–44, 48, 52, 59–61)
Taxonomic History. This species is not mentioned in previous studies.
Diagnosis. Cumbre lamasi sp. nov. is easily recognized because it is the only species in this genus with the forewing discal hyaline spots (M3–CuA1 and CuA1–CuA2) which are twice as big than in the other species and partially overlap in both sexes (Figs 13–16). Furthermore, it is the only species known to occur in the Andean areas of southern Ecuador and northwestern Peru.
Description. Male— Head: dorsally brown, ventrally and behind the eye white; eye brown; labial palpi quadrate, covered with white-black mixed scales, except for the dark brown ends of the second and third segments, first segment short, second segment elongated and third segment short and erect; antennae long, about 70% of costa, reaching the forewing subapical hyaline spot group, dorsally black, ventrally black checkered with white scales at the base of all segments, club long, dorsally black with sparse white scales and ventrally totally white; nudum rufous brown, covering 11 to 13 segments in males, including the apiculus and part of the club. The only known female has damaged antennae.
Thorax: dorsally and ventrally brown to pale brown; tegulae brown; legs dorsally brown and ventrally white. Forewing length: males 15–17mm (n=4) and female 16,5mm (n=1); triangular and elongated, costal margin slightly curved at the base; apex pointed; outer margin convex with more pronounced ends of median veins; tornus rounded.
Upper side: ground color uniformly brown, dark brown in discal area; fringe pale brown (damaged in all specimens examined); two groups of hyaline spots, first subapical, with three small spots in R3–R4, R4–R5 and R5–M1, each one as long as wide, diagonally inclined toward outer margin, and second discal with two large spots, longer than wide, one in M3–CuA1, rectangular, aligned with the subapical hyaline spots and another in CuA1–CuA2, distally surrounding the brand, twice as long as the first, with irregular margins; “V”-shaped brand, inclined on the origin of CuA2 (Fig. 20), superior projection long and large, and with an irregular internal margin, basal portion twice as long as the inferior projection, and inferior projection short, thin and with an irregular internal margin; one cream spot, subtriangular, as long as the largest discal hyaline spot in CuA2–2A, below the origin of CuA2, on 2A. Female as in male, but without a brand, and with a second circular and smaller cream spot, immediately below the larger median hyaline spot.
Underside: ground color brown to dark brown, rufous brown along the costal margin, brown along the postdiscal area and dark brown on discal area; fringe pale brown with dark scales on the veins (damaged in all individuals); outer marginal line brown, broken by the lighter veins; hyaline spots as on upper side; marginal gray patch from apex to CuA2, enlarged on M1.
Hindwing: subtriangular with rounded margins; costal margin straight, with a prominent curve at the base (Fig. 13); outer margin convex, strongly projected from apex to CuA1; tornus rounded and slightly pronounced; anal margin slightly convex.
Upper side: uniformly pale brown, dark on costal margin; fringe pale brown; outer marginal line brown and continuous.
Underside: ground color brown; fringe pale brown, dark on the veins; outer marginal line thin, dark brown and broken by lighter veins; brown basal band from the humeral area to 2A, extending to the first half of the discal cell; transverse discal band pale brown from costal margin to 2A, covering the second half of the discal cell; postdiscal brown transverse band from apex to 2A, wider at the end of the cell; pale brown postdiscal spots fused with the submarginal patch, not differentiated; submarginal pale brown patch surrounding the outer margin from Rs to 2A, enlarged in M3; speckled with pale brown scales from 2A to anal margin.
Abdomen: dorsally brown, ventrally pale brown with a broken central dark brown line.
Male genitalia (Figs 39–44) (n=2): tegumen quadrate, anteriorly with rounded edges and two distal slightly lateral projections (dorsal view—smaller than in C. haywardi sp. nov.), laterally angular and distinct from the uncus; fenestra circular; ventral arm of tegumen fused with the dorsal arm of the saccus, bent ventrad in the middle; anterior projection of saccus longer than in other species, but as long as tegumen+uncus; uncus simple, placed below the dorsal margin of the tegumen, distally thinning, with a downturned pointed end, exceeding the gnathos; gnathos slender, bifid, slightly convergent with a slightly upturned end; valva long and distally narrowed; costa narrow and longer than in previous species; ampulla undivided from costa; harpe with a deeply concave dorsal margin and the dorsal spine wider than other species of the genus but never exceeding the dorsal margin of the valva; upturned second half of the ventral margin of valva; sacculus triangular with 1/4 of the valva’s height; fultura inferior “U”-shaped in posterior view, with the median portion narrow and two anterior projections more developed (in lateral view) than in C. haywardi; aedeagus slender, slightly right-turned with the anterior portion more sclerotinized and shorter than posterior portion, ejaculatory bulb opening narrow and longer than in other species, aedeagus opening right-turned with a pointed distal margin; cornuti present, comprising several small spines as illustrated for C. cumbre.
Female genitalia (Figs 48, 52, 59–60) (n=1): papilla analis subtriangular, wider than longer, with posterior apophysis short and inserted in the inferior portion of the papilla; eighth tergum lost during the dissection of the only known female; sterigma sclerotinized, formed by a short and narrow lamella antevaginalis and a large and distally bifid lamella postvaginalis, with large rounded distal projections and a more sclerotinized semicircular band; ostium bursae subrectangular with rounded margins inserted at the center of the sterigma (a few anteriorly dislocated); bursa copulatrix consisting of a thick membrane about ten times longer than the sterigma; ductus bursae around 3/4 the length of the bursa with two large lateral signa bands, formed by several small spicules, corpus bursae short and rounded.
Distribution and Phenology (Fig. 61). Cumbre lamasi sp. nov. is the only known species of the genus which is restricted to the Andean region of southern Ecuador and northwestern Peru, occurring above 1000 m. This species was collected in February, March and May, similar to C. haywardi sp. nov., this species can have several generations per year.
Etymology. The specific epithet is in honor of Dr. Gerardo Lamas, a friend and a great Neotropical butterflies researcher who collected most of the type series.
Discussion. This new species represents the northern distribution limit of the genus and occurs in the western Andes above 1000 m in southern Ecuador and northwestern Peru. As already mentioned in the discussion of C. haywardi sp. nov., these two new species form a clade, which is congruent with their spatial distribution, occurring in environments found in or near the Andes (Dolibaina in prep.). Cumbre lamasi sp. nov. cannot be confused with any other species of the genus due to the enlarged and overlapping median hyaline spots of the forewing. Furthermore, the morphology of the male and female genitalia clearly distinguishes this species from other taxa.
Examined material. Holotype male with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / PERU, Pi[ura], Canchaque 1200 m, 18.V. [19]82 G. Lamas & E. Perez/ HOLOTYPUS Cumbre lamasi Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2012./ BC-DZ/ (MUSM). The holotype is deposited at the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru (MUSM).
Allotype female with the following labels: /ALLOTYPUS/ PERU, CA[JAMARCA], Hacienda Monteseco 1200–1400m 17.v. [19]82 G. Lamas y E. Pérez/ gen. prep. Mielke 1990/ ALLOTYPUS Cumbre lamasi Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2012/. The allotype is deposited at the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru (MUSM).
Paratypes: the same data of the allotype 3 ♂ (MUSM), PERU— Cajamarca: 7 Km S de Hacienda Udima, 2000 m, 24.III.1985, Lamas leg. 1 ♂ (MUSM). EQUADOR— Loja: Cariamanga, 1860 m, II-1973, R. de Lafebre leg. 1 ♂ (MGCL); Vilcabamba, 1600 m, III-1974, R. de Lafebre leg. 1 ♂ (MGCL).
description: Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2014, Taxonomic revision of Cumbre Evans, 1955 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Moncini), with the description of two new species, pp. 47-66 in Zootaxa 3841 (1) on pages 62-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/286773