cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Production Markets Broker Upstream to Downstream, Balancing Their Volume and Quality Sensitivities to Firms Through an Oriented Market Profile of Signals
Creators: name: White, Harrison C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Economics

description: Varieties of quality competition across producers are extrapolated out of the two dual forms of perfect competition, oriented upstream and downstream. Only then are general, path-dependent solutions for market derived (which came first in the previous book of 2002). Attention is focused on advanced markets for high ratios of sensitivities between upstream and downstream relations of producers. Parameter identification and estimations identify impacts from substitutability with cross-stream markets as being major only for certain bands of sensitivity ratios, identified within the state space for production market contexts. Illustrative applications are sketched for strategic manipulations and investment decisions and trends in sectors.
Non-life insurance, e-commerce, and the importance of proper risk communication
Creators: name: Goto, Shigeyuki
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Economics

description: I would like to report on current Japanese non-life insurance, E-commerce, and to study the characteristics of insurance purchase behavior from the viewpoint of strategic and sophisticated adoption of information technology (IT) and risk communication. Lastly, I would like to summarize the future challenge.
Japan's "super" Big Bang: Hashimoto's make-or-break gamble
Creators: name: Kanzaki, Yasuo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics

description: "Reform is needed because we have failed to stimulate the Japanese economy through traditional remedies which rely on fiscal and monetary policies. Meanwhile, Britain and the United States, which have pushed deregulation since the early 1980s, have regained economic vitality. The slump in Japan and the boom in Britain and the United States have prompted Japanese to think seriously about deregulation and, more generally, structural reform."
Link, Search, Interact: The Co-Evolution of NGOs and Interactive Technology
Creators: name: Bach, Jonathan
name: Stark, David C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Internet
Social sciences--Research

description: Interactive technology is a key factor used to explain the recent growth and prominence of NGOs, who today are engaged in the transformation of national, international and transnational political space. Yet technology cannot explain NGOs' rise, for technology is but a context which afford opportunities. We ask what it is that allows NGOs to take advantage of new circumstances, and focus our discussion on the co-evolution of NGOs with interactive technology. Our approach is part of a growing body of social science research that seeks to overcome the artificial divide between "society" and "technology" by viewing the social as consisting of humans and non-humans (objects, things, artifacts). Viewing technology not as a tool but as part of a co-evolutionary process that shapes organizational forms and practices will help us understand why NGOs have, given the opportunities provided by the retrenchment of the welfare state and the end of the cold war, been able to assume a more powerful and controversial role as co-constituents of global transformation.
The Magellanic Mopra Assessment (MAGMA). I. The Molecular Cloud Population of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Wong, Tony
name: Hughes, Annie
name: Ott, Jürgen
name: Muller, Erik
name: Pineda, Jorge L.
name: Bernard, Jean-Philippe
name: Chu, You-Hua
name: Fukui, Yasuo
name: Gruendl, Robert A.
name: Henkel, Christian
name: Kawamura, Akiko
name: Klein, Ulrich
name: Looney, Leslie W.
name: Maddison, Sarah
name: Mizuno, Yoji
name: Paradis, Deborah
name: Seale, Jonathan
name: Welty, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the properties of an extensive sample of molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) mapped at 11 pc resolution in the CO(1-0) line. We identify clouds as regions of connected CO emission, and find that the distributions of cloud sizes, fluxes and masses are sensitive to the choice of decomposition parameters. In all cases, however, the luminosity function of CO clouds is steeper than dN/dL \propto L^{-2}, suggesting that a substantial fraction of mass is in low-mass clouds. A correlation between size and linewidth, while apparent for the largest emission structures, breaks down when those structures are decomposed into smaller structures. We argue that the correlation between virial mass and CO luminosity is the result of comparing two covariant quantities, with the correlation appearing tighter on larger scales where a size-linewidth relation holds. The virial parameter (the ratio of a cloud's kinetic to self-gravitational energy) shows a wide range of values and exhibits no clear trends with the CO luminosity or the likelihood of hosting young stellar object (YSO) candidates, casting further doubt on the assumption of virialization for molecular clouds in the LMC. Higher CO luminosity increases the likelihood of a cloud harboring a YSO candidate, and more luminous YSOs are more likely to be coincident with detectable CO emission, confirming the close link between giant molecular clouds and massive star formation.
description: Accepted by ApJS; 22 pages in emulateapj format; full-resolution version and data tables available at http://mmwave.astro.illinois.edu/magma/
Cartesian formulas for curvature, circumradius, and circumcenter for any three two-dimensional points
Creators: name: Ratliff, Hunter N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: curvature, circumradius, circumcenter, coordinates, formula, three points

description: This work presents a concise summary of the methodology used to fit a circle to any three 2D Cartesian points (non-collinear and distinct), determining its radius and center, and its relation to the curvature of a portion of a curve consisting of those three points.  Explicit equations solely dependent on the coordinates of the three points are provided for all of these quantities too.  Functions written in Python to calculate these values are also provided.
description: This article can also be read at: https://hratliff.com/posts/2019/02/curvature-of-three-points/
The causes of Japan's financial crisis
Creators: name: Patrick, Hugh T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Japan's financial system, and especially its banking system, today are in substantial trouble, epitomized by the bad loan problems. This paper provides an overview of the major causes of the current banking mess. Fundamental forces include the transformation of the Japanese economy in the mid-1970s from one of excess investment demand to excess savings surplus, and with successful growth the development of a number of strong, increasingly companies. The paper briefly discusses four major causes that were particularly important: failure to create a prudential regulatory system as deregulation proceeded; the creation and then bursting of the stock and real estate market bubbles; globalization; and the high rate of financial innovation. A series of five major macroeconomic policy mistakes are identified as retarding the recovery of the economy, and indeed the late 1996 policy errors led to the 1987-98 recession. Japan's 1990s poor economic performance has made the banking problems more severe and costly, as hopes were dashed that the economic recovery would reduce the bad loan adjustment process.
Search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a $W^{\pm}$ boson with 7.5 fb$^{-1}$ integrated luminosity at CDF
Creators: name: The CDF Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a $W^{\pm}$ boson. This search uses data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.5 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the CDF detector at the Tevatron. We select $WH \to \ellνb \bar{b}$ candidate events with two jets, large missing transverse energy, and exactly one charged lepton. We further require that at least one jet be identified to originate from a bottom quark. Discrimination between the signal and the large background is achieved through the use of a Bayesian artificial neural network. The number of tagged events and their distributions are consistent with the standard model expectations. We observe no evidence for a Higgs boson signal and set 95% C.L. upper limits on the $WH$ production cross section times the branching ratio to decay to $b\bar b$ pairs, $σ(p\bar p \rightarrow W^{\pm} H) \times {\cal B}(H\rightarrow b\bar b)$, relative to the rate predicted by the standard model. For the Higgs boson mass range of 100 GeV/c$^2$ to 150 GeV/c$^2$ we set observed (expected) upper limits from 1.34 (1.83) to 38.8 (23.4). For 115 GeV/c$^2$ the upper limit is 3.64 (2.78). The combination of the present search with an independent analysis that selects events with three jets yields more stringent limits ranging from 1.12 (1.79) to 34.4 (21.6) in the same mass range. For 115 GeV/c$^2$ the upper limit is 2.65 (2.60).
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. D; few minor changes were made to address the referee's comments
Understanding the lived experiences of physically active women with knee osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Stewart, Jane Kathryn
Publisher: name: Kinesiology
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 71-75
description: Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative disease which requires modification to a person's lifestyle. Physical and psychological shifts are needed to accommodate the disease. To gain an understanding of how women who are physically active were able to return to exercise after their diagnosis, a phenomenological study design was employed. Insight provided by seven women regarding constructing the exercise persona will add important knowledge to the experience of exercising with osteoarthritis. Individuals physically active previous to the diagnosis need to acquire knowledge for the construction of the exercise persona. Construction begins with moving emotionally from shock and disbelief to accepting the diagnosis, setting goals, and developing a plan to attain those goals. Encouragement from knowledgeable health professionals is advantageous to establishing confidence to perform exercise successfully. Exercise recommendations provided by physiotherapists or exercise professionals on frequency, intensity, type, and duration provide the necessary knowledge to return to exercise.
Can galactic outflows explain the properties of Ly-alpha emitters?
Creators: name: Orsi, Alvaro
name: Lacey, Cedric G.
name: Baugh, Carlton M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of Ly-alpha emitters in a cosmological framework by computing the escape of Ly-alpha photons through galactic outflows. We combine the GALFORM semi-analytical model of galaxy formation with a Monte Carlo Ly-alpha radiative transfer code. The properties of Ly-alpha emitters at 0
description: 28 pages, 21 figures, submitted to MNRAS
The Great Realignment: How the Changing Technology of Technological Change in Information Technology Affected the U.S. and Japanese IT Industries, 1983"“1999
Creators: name: Branstetter, Lee
name: Drev, Matej
name: Arora, Ashish
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Commerce

description: This paper empirically shows that innovation in Information Technology (IT) has become increasingly dependent on and intertwined with innovation in software. This change in the nature of IT innovation has had differential effects on the performance of the United States and Japan, two of the largest producers of IT globally. We document this linkage between software's contribution in IT innovation and the differential innovation performance of US and Japanese electronics, semiconductors, and hardware firms. We collect patent data from USPTO in the period 1980-2002 and use a citation function approach to formally show the trend of increasing software dependence of IT innovation. Then, using a broad unbalanced panel of the largest US and Japanese publicly listed IT firms in the period 1983-1999, we show that (a) Japanese IT innovation relies less on software advances than US IT innovation, (b) the innovation performance of Japanese IT firms is increasingly lagging behind that of their US counterparts, particularly on IT sectors that are more software intensive, and (c) that US IT firms are increasingly outperforming their Japanese counterparts, particularly in more software intensive sectors. The findings of this paper could provide a fresh explanation for the relative decline of the Japanese IT industry in the 1990s.
Justification and Indulgence: Determinants of Justification and Indulgence
Creators: name: Kivetz, Ran
name: Zheng, Yuhuang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The decision to indulge is often painful because it evokes guilt and requires sacrificing prudence and necessities. While prior research and common sense suggest that people will allow themselves to indulge when they have a compelling justification, we still know very little about the determinants of such justification and consequent indulgence. Building on prior analyses in the social sciences, the authors propose two complementary routes to justifying indulgence: one through hard work or excellent performance (an entitlement justification) and the second through the attainment of indulgence without depleting income or monetary resources. A synthesis of these two routes leads to several hypotheses, which are tested using actual effort tasks and real choices. Consistent with the two routes to justification, we demonstrate that (a) higher required effort enhances preference for indulgence rewards, but a reverse effect is observed when the interchangeability of effort and income is implied; (b) providing (bogus) excellence feedback on an effort task enhances choices of indulgence over a more prudent necessity, unless the interchangeability of effort and income is suggested; (c) willingness-to-pay in effort is greater for indulgences than necessities, but willingness-to-pay in money or in effort framed as income is higher for necessities than indulgences; and (d) sensitivity to the type and magnitude of the perceived resource is greater for individuals with stronger indulgence guilt. We conclude by discussing the automaticity of justification and indulgence and the ability of the discovered justification routes to explain the findings of prior research.
Systematic investigations into the North American Crepis agamic complex
Creators: name: Sears, Christopher James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The North American Crepis (Asteraceae) agamic complex was established as an important early plant system for the systematic study of polyploid agamic complexes. Research conducted over 70 years ago determined that this western North American group consists of seven species comprising diploids and polyploids, and two species comprising only polyploids. Geographical parthenogenesis is pronounced with six of the seven diploids having restricted ranges in either central Washington or northern California. Much of the historic range of the diploids, especially that on valley bottoms, has undergone extensive land-use conversion over the past 70 years so the distribution of extant diploid populations was unknown. Identifying ploidy is of paramount importance to understanding evolutionary relationships in an agamic as well as identify, and circumscribing species. Diploids are the foundation of an agamic complex because all polyploids arise from them. A flow cytometric (FCM) method was modified to work with field-collected silica-dried leaf tissue using propidium iodide. Because of problems with cultivating seedling, obtaining ploidy information from living material was not possible in this group. This FCM breakthrough made a detailed systematic study of the group possible. Maternal relationships were determined between diploids, and between diploids and polyploids using plastid DNA (ptDNA) sequence data. Species were identified and circumscribed by synthesizing information from ploidy variation, maternal relationships, morphology, distribution, and ecology. Flow cytometry identified extant diploid populations for all seven known diploids and revealed a previously unrecognized diploid occurring on edaphic soils in northern ii California. Because this diploid is not morphologically or ecologically similar to any known diploid it was described as a new subspecies. The ptDNA sequence data indicated that the North American Crepis agamic complex is monophyletic, and sister to Crepis runcinata. There is no conclusive evidence of plastid capture among diploids. The two species comprising only polyploids have been recircumscribed, and reduce in rank to subspecies. Five of the seven species comprising diploids and polyploids have been recircumscribed by synthesizing new information from ploidy variation, maternal relationships, morphology, distribution, and ecology. A new treatment with original keys, descriptions and distribution maps has been produced to reflect these changes.
Characterization of Minkowski measurability in terms of surface area
Creators: name: Rataj, Jan
name: Winter, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A75, 28A80, 52A20, 60D05

description: The $r$-parallel set to a set $A$ in Euclidean space consists of all points with distance at most $r$ from $A$. Recently, the asymptotic behaviour of volume and the surface area of parallel sets as $r$ tends to 0 has been studied and some general results regarding their relations have been established. In this paper we complete this picture. In particular, we show that a set is Minkowski measurable if and only if it is S-measurable, i.e. if its S-content is positive and finite, and that positivity and finiteness of lower and upper Minkowski content implies the same for the S-contents and vice versa. The results are formulated in the more general setting of Kneser functions. Furthermore, the relations between Minkowski and S-contents are studied for more general gauge functions. The results are also applied to simplify the proof of the Modified Weyl-Berry conjecture in dimension one.
description: slightly revised original version
Japan's challenge for economic revitalization
Creators: name: Fukukawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics

description: Since the "bubble economy" burst around 1990, Japan has been struggling with a prolonged recession and a deteriorating financial system. The average rate of economic growth from fiscal year 1991 to 1998 remained as low as 0.9% and, especially in the last two years, the growth rate consecutively turned negative to -0.4% in FY 1997 and -2.2% in FY 1998. An unemployment rate has risen to 4.4%, which is historically high for Japan and higher than that of the United States. Three big banks and one traditional security firm collapsed over the last 1-2 years. The Japanese are overwhelmed by "pessimism," and questions concerning Japan's growth potential have emerged in foreign countries. According to a 1998 survey by the International Institute of Management Development (IMD) in Lausanne on global performance, Japan's rank has fallen from No. 1 in 1992 to No. 18. Since the collapse of the "bubble economy," the government has implemented nine special stimulus packages that amounted to107 trillion yen. The Bank of Japan has maintained the official discount rate at the historically low level of 0.5% for the last several years. Why has the Japanese economy become so weak and less reactive to those Keynesian measures?
Superscaling predictions for neutrino-induced charged-current charged pion production at MiniBooNE
Creators: name: Ivanov, M. V.
name: Udias, J. M.
name: Antonov, A. N.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Barbaro, M. B.
name: de Guerra, E. Moya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superscaling approximation (SuSA) predictions to neutrino-induced charged-current charged pion production in the Δ-resonance region are explored under MiniBooNE experimental conditions. The results obtained within SuSA for the flux-averaged double-differential cross sections of the π+ production for the ν_μ+CH_2 reaction as a function of the muon kinetic energy and of the scattering angle, the cross sections averaged over the angle, the total cross section for the π+ production, as well as CC1π+ to CCQE cross section ratio are compared with the corresponding MiniBooNE experimental data. The SuSA predictions are in good agreement with data on neutrino flux average cross-sections, but a somewhat different dependence on the neutrino energy is predicted than the one resulting from the experimental analysis.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Numerical study of the conductivity of graphene monolayer within the effective field theory approach
Creators: name: Buividovich, P. V.
name: Luschevskaya, E. V.
name: Pavlovsky, O. V.
name: Polikarpov, M. I.
name: Ulybyshev, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the direct numerical measurements of the conductivity of graphene monolayer. Our numerical simulations are performed in the effective lattice field theory with noncompact 3 + 1-dimensional Abelian lattice gauge fields and 2 + 1-dimensional staggered lattice fermions. The conductivity is obtained from the Green-Kubo relations using the Maximum Entropy Method. We find that in a phase with spontaneously broken sublattice symmetry the conductivity rapidly decreases. For the largest value of the coupling constant used in our simulations g = 4.5, the DC conductivity is less than the DC conductivity in the weak-coupling phase (at g < 3.5) by at least three orders of magnitude.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Report on a a qualitative analysis in 11 case-studies for understanding the process of farm demographic change across EU-farming systems and its influencing factors
Creators: name: Coopmans, Isabeau
name: Dessein, Joost
name: Bilttebier, Jo
name: Antonioli, Federico
name: Appel, Franziska
name: Berry, Robert
name: Bertolozzi-Caredio, Daniele
name: Bohatereţ, Valentin-Mihai
name: Brumă, Ioan-Sebastian
name: Courtney, Paul
name: Casonato, Cecilia
name: Dinculescu, Corina
name: Dinu-Vasiliu, Codrin
name: Dobay, Krisztina Melinda
name: Dolleans, Elodie
name: Fiorini, Elisabetta
name: Florian, Violeta
name: Gavrilescu, Camelia
name: Gradziuk, Piotr
name: Heinrich, Florian
name: Izvoranu, Anca-Marina
name: Johansson, Sara
name: Klein, Konstantin
name: Manevska-Tasevska, Gordana
name: Matei, Daniela
name: Meuwissen, Miranda
name: Neumeister, Delphine
name: Paolini, Giulio
name: Peneva, Mariya
name: Petitt, Andrea
name: Pineau, Elodie
name: Pitson, Christine
name: Severini, Simone
name: Slijper, Thomas
name: Soriano, Bárbara
name: Tanasa, Lucian
name: Toma, Camelia
name: Tudor, Monica
name: Urquhart, Julie
name: Zawalińska, Katarzyna
name: Wauters, Erwin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Farm demographic change at the farming system level is the result of individual farm demographic change processes made by individual farmers. This work invests intergenerational renewal in individual farms through focusing on unravelling complex relations between human behaviour/decisionmaking and observed trends. Indepth interviews performed in all 11 case-studies entailed the identification of drivers that affect the main farm-demographic change processes such as exit, entry, non-exit and non-entry. Then, a cross-case comparison was made to identify common themes affecting or related to farm demographic change.
description: EU, en; contact: isabeau.coopmans@ilvo.vlaanderen.be
On pedagogy and Memory
Creators: name: George, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 98-99
description: In this thesis, I explore the relationship between pedagogy and the cultivation of memory. I use three examples from a Grade one/two classroom: the use of family artifacts, the study of grain elevators and other Canadian landmarks and the work of Aboriginal artist Norval Morrisseau, in order to show how memory lives and how student work is affected by it. Some of the questions explored within include; what kind of pedagogy allows for and fosters the cultivation of a child's individual and collective memory? How can teachers help children see the world as something larger than them? What questions open up these discussions and invite this type of conversation? Finally, what happens when students are given the time to live with a topic, lose themselves on a journey and cultivate an understanding and a memory of their experience in the world?
Executive Compensation and Agency Effects
Creators: name: Goldberg, Lawerence G.
name: Idson, Todd
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Economics

description: The separation of ownership from control in large corporations can cause agency problems. This study analyzes the effects of the dispersion of corporate ownership on the compensation of the top executives of Fortune 500 companies. We estimate the effects across the executive hierarchy and for different components of the compensation package in contrast to more limited previous studies. The results indicate that there is a significant agency effect on executive pay, though the magnitude is small relative to company size. The effects are greatest for the most liquid form of remuneration, salaries, and are nonuniform across executive categories, with the strongest effect found for the chairman of the Board.
Measuring the Fourth Generation b --> s Quadrangle at the LHC
Creators: name: Hou, Wei-Shu
name: Kohda, Masaya
name: Xu, Fanrong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that simultaneous precision measurement of the CP-violating phase in time-dependent Bs --> J/psi phi study and the Bs --> mu+ mu- rate, together with measuring m_t' by direct search at the LHC, would determine V_{t's}^*V_{t'b} and therefore the b --> s quadrangle in the four-generation standard model. The forward-backward asymmetry in B --> K* l+ l- provides further discrimination.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, revised based on LHC results released in this summer, to appear in PRD
On O(N_c) d=3 N=2 supersymmetric QCD Theories
Creators: name: Aharony, Ofer
name: Shamir, Itamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study three dimensional N=2 supersymmetric QCD theories with O(N_c) gauge groups and with N_f chiral multiplets in the vector representation. We argue that for N_f < N_c-2 there is a runaway potential on the moduli space and no vacuum. For N_f >= N_c-2 there is a moduli space also in the quantum theory, and for N_f >= N_c-1 there is a superconformal fixed point at the origin of this moduli space that has a dual description as the low-energy fixed point of an O(N_f-N_c+2) gauge theory. We test this duality in various ways; in some cases the duality for an O(2) gauge theory may be related to the known duality for U(1) gauge theories. We also discuss real mass deformations, which allow to connect theories with a different Chern-Simons level. This allows us to connect our duality with the known duality in O(N_c) theories with a Chern-Simons term of level k, where the dual gauge group is given by O(N_f+|k|-N_c+2).
description: 28 pages. v2: minor changes, added references
Smooth gauge for topological insulators
Creators: name: Soluyanov, Alexey A.
name: Vanderbilt, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a technique for constructing Bloch-like functions for 2D Z_2-insulators (i.e., quantum spin-Hall insulators) that are smooth functions of k on the entire Brillouin-zone torus. As the initial step, the occupied subspace of the insulator is decomposed into a direct sum of two "Chern bands," i.e., topologically nontrivial subspaces with opposite Chern numbers. This decomposition remains robust independent of underlying symmetries or specific model features. Starting with the Chern bands obtained in this way, we construct a topologically nontrivial unitary transformation that rotates the occupied subspace into a direct sum of topologically trivial subspaces, thus facilitating a Wannier construction. The procedure is validated and illustrated by applying it to the Kane-Mele model.
Agricultural technology adoption among migrant settlers and indigenous populations of the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon: are differences narrowing?
Creators: name: Bilsborrow, Richard
name: Sellers, Samuel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019

description:
We consider trends in the use of modern agricultural inputs of migrant settlers and indigenous populations in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon and the demographic, socioeconomic, and land use-related factors affecting input use. It is widely believed that the different livelihood strategies and therefore different relationships to the land of indigenous populations and migrant settlers result in different uses of chemical inputs in agriculture. We analyze data from two panel surveys, one of migrant settler households and a separate panel of indigenous households. We find low input use among both types of households, particularly among two of the five main ethnicities of indigenous households in the study region, the Cofán and Waorani. Multivariate statistical models were run separately for each panel, with significant relationships found between several predictors and the use of pesticides and herbicides. Our results highlight continuing differences in land use patterns between households in the NEA.
Three-dimensional structure of the seismo-electromagnetic ionospheric electron density disturbances
Creators: name: Karpov, M. I.
name: Namgaladze, A. A.
name: Zolotov, O. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper presents the three-dimensional structure of the ionospheric electron density disturbances triggered by the vertical electric currents flowing between the Earth and ionosphere over the faults before the strong earthquakes. The results were obtained using the global numerical Earth's Upper Atmosphere Model (UAM). The vertical electric currents flowing between the Earth and ionosphere over the faults were used as lower boundary conditions for the UAM electric potential equation. The UAM calculated 3D structure of the ionospheric electron density disturbances demonstrates an importance of all three ionospheric plasma drift directions (movements) - vertical, meridional and zonal but not only vertical one.
Global Links, Local Roots: Varieties of Transnationalization and Forms of Civic Integration
Creators: name: Stark, David C.
name: Vedres, Balazs
name: Bruszt, Laszlo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: In a rapidly changing society such as post-socialist Hungary, are civic organizations that are connected to transnational flows of information, resources, and partnership more likely to be disconnected from their membership base, from other civic organizations, and from other organizations outside the civic sector? Do transnational interactions come at the expense of domestic integration? To answer these questions, the authors conducted a survey of 1,002 civic associations in Hungary in 2002. We identify seven varieties of transnationalization and we distinguish three forms of domestic integration—participation, embededdness, and associativeness. Our findings indicate that civic actors do not face a necessarily forced choice between networks of global reach and those of domestic integration. Many Hungarian civic organizations, in significant numbers, do engage in transnational interactions while simultaneously integrated with their membership base, other civic organizations, and/or other non-civic organizations. In fact, the richest and most encompassing patterns of integration go hand in hand with the deepest and most encompassing patterns of transnationalization. These and related findings indicate that it would be mistaken to assume that transnationalization is necessarily accompanied by the domestic uprooting of civic organizations, whether as cause or as consequence.
The challenges before industrialized countries
Creators: name: Nagatomi, Yuichiro
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics

description: "The surroundings of U.S.-Japan relations transform every decade. This is so clear that there is little need to look back on the forties, the fifties and the sixties. The time around 1970 when I was serving as the First Secretary and Financial Attaché of the Embassy of Japan in the United States marked a transitional period in U.S.-Japan relations. Okinawa was returned, economic friction was gearing up, America suspended the exchange of dollars for gold. Later, the advanced countries floated their currencies, and U.S.-Japan economic friction became even more intense."
Association of geometric characteristics at intersections with red light running frequencies
Creators: name: Yan, Feng
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 97-112
description: Despjte the prevalence of researches examining the relationship between red light related crashes at intersections and the intersection geometric designs, few studies have been conducted to identify the relation ship between the red light violations at intersections and the intersection geometric designs. The present study used data collected from red light cameras at selected signalized intersection in the City of Edmonton to establish the association of the intersection geometric design elements with red light running frequencies. Among all chosen intersection geometric design elements, total through Jane width, existence of left-turn lanes and two-way traffic, total number of traveling lane on the crossing road as well as the number of intersection approaches all showed significant effect on redlight running frequencies. In addition, the traffic volume on both the subject approach and the crossing road were found to be of significant influence on red light running frequencies.
Consolidation and shear behaviour of kaolinite-bentonite clay mixtures
Creators: name: Inparajah, Delakshan
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 136-141
description: Some pages are in colour
description: This thesis consisted of three parts: consolidation characteristics variation, shear strength behaviour and resistivity analysis of different kaolinite-bentonite clay mixtures with various pore fluid salinity levels. The 1-D oedometer tests were performed to determine the consolidation characteristics of kaolinite-bentonite clay mixtures with different pore fluid salinity levels. The samples were prepared at a moisture content level of 2% above the respective liquid limit of each clay sample mixture. The behavioural pattern of the measured coefficient of consolidation (Cv) and the compression index (Cc) of the clay mixtures with the key influencing factors such as salinity level of pore fluid (pore fluid chemistry) and mineral composition were analyzed in detail. Direct shear box tests were also conducted to study the shear behaviour of different clay mixtures. For the simple direct shear test, thin disk samples of 2 to 3 mm thicknes and 60 mm diameter were prepared by mixing different kaolinite-bentonite clay mixtures with different pore fluid s. The clay samples were sheared back and forth until they reached a residual stress state. The peak, residual stress values and the residual friction angle variations were analyzed in detail. Resistance variations of different clay mixtures were measured using the inductance-capacitance-resistivity meter (LCR meter) at a higher frequency level of I O kHz and the results were used to study the porosity variation of the clay mixtures using Archie's equation.
Living at the Edge: American Low-Income Children and Families
Creators: name: Lu, Hsien-Hen
name: Palmer, Julian
name: Song, Younghwan
name: Lennon, Mary Clare
name: Aber, John Lawrence
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: By analyzing data from the Current Population Survey March Supplements, Living at the Edge explores the following questions about children in low-income families in the United States: What are the overall changes in the low-income and poverty rates for children over the past quarter century? How has the population of children in low-income families changed over the past decade? Which children are more likely to live in low-income families? How have changes in parental employment status affected the likelihood of children living in low-income families? What are the state by state variations in child low-income and poverty rates, and how have these changed in the last decade? How does a more inclusive definition of family income and expenses affect our understanding of the poverty and near-poverty rates of children in low-income families? This report helps document significant improvements in the child low-income rate as well as the significant decrease in the proportion of children who relied on public assistance during the 1990s. However, Living at the Edge also finds a notable increase in the share of children who lived in near-poor families (those with incomes between 100 and 200 percent of the poverty line) among children in low-income families during the 1990s. Many disadvantaged groups of children, including those with young parents, minority parents, parents with limited education, or unmarried parents, were less likely to live in poor or low-income families in the late 1990s than such children a decade earlier. The improvement in the child low-income rates of these disadvantaged groups was closely related to an increase in parental employment during the late 1990s. However, the low-income rate worsened for children whose more educated parent had a high-school diploma but no college education. For children of many disadvantaged social groups, parental employment appears to do less to protect them from economic hardship then it did a decade earlier. The groups that suffered the most in reduced economic security given parental employment status were those in the medium risk ranks (children in families with at least one parent between ages 25 to 39, children whose more educated parent had only has a high school diploma, and in father-only families). The report also notes that the official measure of poverty ignores the burden of medical and work related expenses as well as taxes and therefore tends to underestimate the share of children in near-poor and low-income families facing economic insecurity. Finally, we discuss the policy implications for our findings.
Dynamical Casimir effect in a Josephson metamaterial
Creators: name: Lähteenmäki, Pasi
name: Paraoanu, G. S.
name: Hassel, Juha
name: Hakonen, Pertti J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vacuum modes confined into an electromagnetic cavity give rise to an attractive interaction between the opposite walls. When the distance between the walls is changed non-adiabatically, virtual vacuum modes are turned into real particles, i.e. photons are generated out of the vacuum. These effects are known as the static and dynamical Casimir effect, respectively. Here we demonstrate the dynamical Casimir effect using a Josephson metamaterial embedded in a microwave cavity at 5.4 GHz. We achieve the non-adiabatic change in the effective length of the cavity by flux-modulation of the SQUID-based metamaterial, which results in a few percent variation in the velocity of light. We show that energy-correlated photons are generated from the ground state of the cavity and that their power spectra display a bimodal frequency distribution. These results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions, all the way to the regime where classical parametric effects cannot be of consequence.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, supplement at http://ltl.tkk.fi/~pjh/DCE/
Production of oriented nitrogen-vacancy color centers in synthetic diamond
Creators: name: Edmonds, A. M.
name: D'Haenens-Johansson, U. F. S.
name: Newton, M. E.
name: Fu, K. -M. C.
name: Santori, C.
name: Beausoleil, R. G.
name: Twitchen, D. J.
name: Markham, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) center in diamond is an attractive candidate for applications that range from magnetometry to quantum information processing. Here we show that only a fraction of the nitrogen (typically < 0.5 %) incorporated during homoepitaxial diamond growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) is in the form of undecorated NV- centers. Furthermore, studies on CVD diamond grown on (110) oriented substrates show a near 100% preferential orientation of NV- centers along only the [111] and [-1-11] directions, rather than the four possible orientations. The results indicate that NV centers grow in as units, as the diamond is deposited, rather than by migration and association of their components. The NV unit of the NVH- is similarly preferentially oriented, but it is not possible to determine whether this defect was formed by H capture at a preferentially aligned NV center or as a complete unit. Reducing the number of NV orientations from 4 orientations to 2 orientations should lead to increased optically-detected magnetic resonance contrast and thus improved magnetic sensitivity in ensemble-based magnetometry.
description: 13 Pages (inlcuding suplementary information), 4 figures
Making research data FAIR: the building of a CIDOC CRM extension for humanities and social sciences
Creators: name: Beretta, Francisco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This talk addresses the issue of interoperability of data generated by historical research in order to make them re-usable for new research agendas (as a realisation of the FAIR principles). The reasons for adopting the CIDOC CRM as a core ontology for this field, but extending it with some relevant, missing high-level classes, will be discussed while taking advantage of the methodological tools provided by the foundational ontologies DOLCE and DnS. Finally, the talk will show how collaborative data modelling carried out in the ontology management environment OntoME (ontome.net) makes it possible to elaborate a communal fine-grained and adaptive ontology of the domain.
On the development of rotating credit associations in Japan
Creators: name: Dekle, Robert
name: Hamada, Koichi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: In this paper we will study the development of an important informal financial intermediary in Japan, the rotating savings and credit association (RoSCA) called the Mujin (ko) or the Tanomoshi-ko.
Noise based logic: why noise? A comparative study of the necessity of randomness out of orthogonality
Creators: name: Wen, He
name: Kish, Laszlo B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although noise-based logic shows potential advantages of reduced power dissipation and the ability of large parallel operations with low hardware and time complexity the question still persist: is randomness really needed out of orthogonality? In this Letter, after some general thermodynamical considerations, we show relevant examples where we compare the computational complexity of logic systems based on orthogonal noise and sinusoidal signals, respectively. The conclusion is that in certain special-purpose applications noise-based logic is exponentially better than its sinusoidal version: its computational complexity can be exponentially smaller to perform the same task.
description: corrected mistyped author's order in arxiv abstract page; accepted for publication in Fluctuation and Noise Letters
Fracture mechanics of masonry
Creators: name: Xiao, Xiaosong
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 145-153
description: Some pages are in colour
description: A comprehensive series of masonry fracture tests has been conducted, including three point bending tests on brick, mixed-mode fracture testing of brick, mixed-mode fracture testing of masonry and mixed-mode fracture testing of the mortar/unit interface. Computer methods were used to help analyze the fracture processes in masonry and the parameters which govern those processes. The research has focused on investigating crack propagation in masonry under a variety of loading conditions, both experimentally and analytically. Fracture parameters, such as fracture toughness and energy release rate, were obtained in order to provide data for future finite element modeling, which could then in tum produce a framework for the application of fracture mechanics to masonry. The research findings are summarized and some concluding remarks provided. Issues and recommendations for future research are pointed out.
Existence of a General Equilibrium with Price Uncertainty
Creators: name: Chichilnisky, Graciela
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics

description: The paper defines a concept of a general equilibrium in markets with uncertainty about prices, and proves the existence of such equilibrium under standard conditions on endowments and preferences. In the market equilibrium defined here the state space which represents price uncertainty is endogenous to the economy. Agents do not know the possible equilibrium prices a priori. Theorem 2 establishes the existence of equilibrium, consisting of a state space, the corresponding asset markets, and prices yielding a fully insured and Pareto efficient allocation which clears all markets.