cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Extending the OpenCHK Model with Advanced Checkpoint Features
Creators: name: Maroñas, Marcos
name: Mateo, Sergi
name: Keller, Kai
name: Bautista-Gomez, Leonardo
name: Ayguadé, Eduard
name: Beltran, Vicenç
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the major challenges in using extreme scale systems efficiently is to mitigate the impact of faults. Application-level checkpoint/restart (CR) methods provide the best trade-off between productivity, robustness, and performance. There are many solutions implementing CR at the application level. They all provide advanced I/O capabilities to minimize the overhead introduced by CR. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement in terms of programmability and flexibility, because end-users must manually serialize and deserialize application state using low-level APIs, modify the flow of the application to consider restarts, or rewrite CR code whenever the backend library changes. In this work, we propose a set of compiler directives and clauses that allow users to specify CR operations in a simple way. Our approach supports the common CR features provided by all the CR libraries. However, it can also be extended to support advanced features that are only available in some CR libraries, such as differential checkpointing, the use of HDF5 format, and the possibility of using fault-tolerance-dedicated threads. The result of our evaluation revealed a high increase in programmability. On average, we reduced the number of lines of code by 71%, 94%, and 64% for FTI, SCR, and VeloC, respectively, and no additional overhead was perceived using our solution compared to using the backend libraries directly. Finally, portability is enhanced because our programming model allows the use of any backend library without changing any code.
Nontraditional Export Crops in Guatemala: Effects on Production, Income, and Nutrition
Creators: name: Von Braun, Joachim
name: Hotchkiss, David
name: Immink, Maarten
name: Von Braun, Joachim
name: Hotchkiss, David
name: Immink, Maarten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Vegetable trade
subject: Guatemala
subject: Exports
subject: Small Farms
subject: Food supply
subject: Agricultural laborers
subject: Household surveys

description: Modernization of traditional agriculture entalls increased participation of the smallholder sector in the exchange economy. The achievement of this participation requires an open trade regime, domestic policies that ensure against market failures and public policy that effectively permits use of a new production technology for sustained growth. To open up these opportunities to small farmers, investment in rural intrastate is essential, as is investment in education that will enable these farmers to participate as entrepreneurs in the growth process must stimulate employment and increased returns to land. Nontraditional vegetables for export have a higher labor content and therefore promise to help foster rural modernization. In this study of nontraditional export crops and traditional smallholder agriculture in Guatemala, Joachim Von Braun, David Hotchkiss, Maarten Immink highlighted the potentials and risks of export orientation in smallholder agriculture for food security. The policy implications of the report reach far beyond the study area in Central America. The multidisciplinary team of IFPRI and the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) has gone far toward tracing the critical linkages between economic development and nutritional crops, is necessary to actually capture the grain from specialization in typical risky market environments. Second, joint operation and development of the health and sanitation infrastructure in rural areas is required in order to translate the growth effects into nutritional welfare effects for the poor. This study, which is the component of IFPRI’s ongoing research effort in the field of commercialization of agriculture for food security and poverty alleviation, provides evidence that the income and employment effects of cash can be considerable and, if accompanied by appropriate public policy, can make a major contribution to eliminating hunger and malnutrition.
EMPLOYABILITY ENHANCEMENT THROUGH TEACHING CREATIVE WRITING IN THE TIME OF AUTODIDACT TALENT.pdf
Creators: name: Oza, Preeti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Language

description: As Louis Menand1 in his essay ― Show or Tell: Should Creative Writing be Taught?‖ observes: ―Creative-writing programs are designed on the theory that students who have never published a poem can teach other students who have never published a poem how to write a publishable poem‖ ―Unlike the media of oil paints or musical notation, we all have a background using language. That makes the art of writing seem deceptively simple. It isn‘t.‖ Genius gives birth but talent delivers. Language can be taught but creative writers are born. Writers are made, for anybody who isn‘t illiterate can write; but geniuses of the writing art like novelists, poets and playwrights are born. While you can learn technique, no one can create a voice for you. You either have something to say or you don't. All the decent writers are somewhat troubled souls: that's why they write – as lifelong therapy.
title: Designing, Implementing, and Testing Hardware for Cybersecurity
Creators: name: Brown, J
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2021

description: Cybersecurity is one of the key issues facing the world today. With an ever-increasing number of devices connected across the internet, the need to secure all these different devices against potential attackers is an endless effort. This thesis is focussed on the most promising new developments in the hardware aspect of this battle for security. The first section of the thesis looks at what is the current state of the art when it comes to hardware security primitives, with a focus on random number generators and Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF). The strengths and weakness of the current implementations of these systems are analysed so that the areas which are most in need of improvement can be highlighted. The second major section of this thesis is looking to improve how random numbers are generated, which is essential for many current security systems. True random number generators have been presented as a potential solution to this problem but improvements in output bit rate, power consumption, and design complexity must be made. In this work we present a novel and experimentally verified true random number generator that exclusively uses conventional CMOS technology as well as offering key improvements over previous designs in complexity, output bit rate, and power consumption. It uses the inherent randomness of telegraph noise in the channel current of a single CMOS transistor as an entropy source. For the first time, multi-level and abnormal telegraph noise can be utilised, which greatly reduces device selectivity and offers much greater bit rates. The design is verified using a breadboard and FPGA proof of concept circuit and passes all 15 of the NIST randomness tests without any need for post-processing of the generated bitstream. The design also shows resilience against machine learning attacks performed by an LSTM neural network. The third major section describes the development of a novel PUF concept, which offers a new approach to authentication, allowing low power devices to be included in existing networks without compromising overall security. The new PUF concept introduces time dependence to vastly increase the efficiency of entropy source usage, when compared with a traditional PUF. This new PUF also introduces a probability-based model which greatly reduces the required server memory for Challenge Response Pair (CRP) storage when large numbers of CRPs are used. The concept is verified experimentally on nano-scale CMOS technology as well as through simulation and a proof-of-concept circuit. These combined benefits bring the PUF concept much closer to being a viable solution for widespread cybersecurity applications.
A census of young stellar population associated with the Herbig Be star HD 200775
Creators: name: Saha, Piyali
name: G., Maheswar
name: S., Kamath U.
name: W, Lee C.
name: P., Manoj
name: Mathew, Blesson
name: Sharma, Ekta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The region surrounding the well-known reflection nebula, NGC 7023, illuminated by a Herbig Be star, HD 200775, located in the dark cloud L1174 is studied in this work. Based on the distances and proper motion values from Gaia DR2 of 20 previously known young stellar object candidates, we obtained a distance of 335$\pm$11 pc to the cloud complex L1172/1174. Using polarization measurements of the stars projected on the cloud complex, we show additional evidence for the cloud to be at $\sim$ 335 pc distance. Using this distance and proper motion values of the YSO candidates, we searched for additional comoving sources in the vicinity of HD 200775 and found 20 new sources which show low infrared excess emission and are of age $\sim$ 1 Myr. Among these, 10 YSO candidates and 4 newly identified comoving sources are found to show X-ray emission. Three of the four new sources for which we have obtained optical spectra show H$α$ in emission. About 80% of the total sources are found within $\sim$ 1 pc distance from HD 200775. Spatial correlation of some of the YSO candidates with the Herschel dust column density peaks suggests that star formation is still active in the region and may have been triggered by HD 200775.
Rice Price Fluctuation and an Approach to Price Stabilization in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Raisuddin, Ahmed
name: Bernard, Andrew
name: Raisuddin, Ahmed
name: Bernard, Andrew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Rice
subject: Prices
subject: Bangladesh
subject: Government policy

description: Correction of the distorted structure of related prices and prevention of wide fluctuations in the level of commodity prices constitute twin challenges in agricultural price policies. While macroeconomic instruments are comprehensive sectoral analysis of prices relations, stock requirements, market integration, and various other factors that destabilize supply and demand. IFPRI’s initial analyses of price stabilization were limited to the issue of optimal stock of foodgrains. Thomas Pinckney’s work on stock policies in Kenya and Pakistan and Raj Krishna and Ajay Chhibber’s research on India have demonstrated how optimal stock policies can save scarce public resources so urgently required for economic development. This research by Ahmed and Andrew Bernard focuses less on optimal stock and more on a consistent framework and operational rules for stabilization of prices. It examines the factors that cause fluctuation in prices and develops a framework for containing annual and seasonal variation of prices within a bound. Although the research is conducted in the context of Bangladesh, the approach is applicable to other countries. IFPRI is currently involved in extending this research by applying it in Bangladesh through a collaborative arrangement with the Bangladesh Ministry of Food. Such a link between research and application will bring IFPRI’s research directly to bear on the policy needs of developing countries, improving both current policy and future research.
Storage, Trade, and Price Policy Under Production Instability: Maize In Kenya
Creators: name: Pinckney, Thomas C.
name: Pinckney, Thomas C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Corn industry
subject: Government policy
subject: Kenya

description: Instability in the production of a staple food causes severe hardship for many countries. For a country that is self-sufficient in its staple food in a normal production year, the large swings in price and consumption that result from an exclusive and uninhibited reliance on trade to stabilize prices are unacceptable. Most countries, therefore, intervene in their domestic cereal markets and move supplies from surpluses to deficit years through storage or by subsidizing international trade. The appropriate method of intervention and the most efficient way to achieve supply stability thus became topics of study. For the most part, economist have encouraged governments to rely more on trade than on stocks to make up deficits on years of production shortfalls. Trade becomes less appealing as an option the larger the difference between import and export parity prices, and the greater the deviation in physical characteristics between the domestically consumed commodity and the imported commodity. Storage is more likely to be appropriate for African countries, since many of them have high transport costs and consume a commodity -white maize-that is often in short supple on world markets. The International Food Policy Research Institute has examined these issues previously in books and research reports. Food Security for Developing Countries, edited by Alberto Valdes, discussed these issues in some detail. International Finance for Food Security, edited by Barbara Huddleston et al., is a study of ways that the international community can remove some of the risk of relying on trade rather than stocks. In IFPRI Research Report 26, Food Security in the Sahel: Variable import Levy, Grain Reserves, and Foreign Exchange Assistance, John McIntire examines various policy options for dealing with instability in the Sahelian region. In this report, Thomas Pinckney developed a general framework for studying these issues and applies it to the case of Kenya. The framework builds both on the optimal storage literature and on simulation studies. Trade-offs between the government objectives of minimizing price fluctuations, imports, and fiscal costs are measured explicitly. The techniques that make optimal policies superior to simpler price band/buffer stock policies are studied in order to provide clues for efficient policy design. In terms of the storage/trade debate, this report finds that Kenya does indeed have a strong rationale for a significant amount of storage when world maize prices are at their present low levels. Techniques developed in this research report have been modified and applied to Pakistan and will be applied to several Southern African countries in the future. This will provide the coherent set of studies to make generalizations about these important questions.
title: Experimentelle Untersuchung zur Mehrphasenströmung in öleingespritzten Mehrphasenschraubenspindelpumpen
title: Experimental Investigation of the Multiphase Flow in Oil‐Injected Multiphase Twin Screw Pumps
Creators: name: Lottis, Marian
name: Deeb, Mohammad
name: Luke, Andrea
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluideinspritzung
subject: Förderkammermodell
subject: Mehrphasenpumpe
subject: chamber model
subject: fluid injection
subject: multiphase pump
subject: 620
subject: Multiphasenpumpe
subject: Fluiddynamik
subject: Thermodynamik
subject: Einspritzung

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
The origin of HE0107-5240 and the production of O and Na in extremely metal-poor stars
Creators: name: Suda, Takuma
name: Aikawa, Masayuki
name: Nishimura, Takanori
name: Fujimoto, Masayuki Y.
name: Iben, Icko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elaborate the binary scenario for the origin of HE0107-5240, the most metal-poor star yet observed ([Fe/H] = -5.3), using current knowledge of the evolution of extremely metal-poor stars. From the observed C/N value, we estimate the binary separation and period. Nucleosynthesis in a helium convective zone into which hydrogen has been injected allows us to discuss the origin of surface O and Na as well as the abundance distribution of s-process elements. We can explain the observed abundances of 12C, 13C, N, O, and Na and predict future observations to validate the Pop III nature of HE0107-5240.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of the conference, "Nuclei in the Cosmos VIII", Nuclear Physics A in press
SimRa: Using Crowdsourcing to Identify Near Miss Hotspots in Bicycle Traffic
Creators: name: Karakaya, Ahmet-Serdar
name: Hasenburg, Jonathan
name: Bermbach, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An increased modal share of bicycle traffic is a key mechanism to reduce emissions and solve traffic-related problems. However, a lack of (perceived) safety keeps people from using their bikes more frequently. To improve safety in bicycle traffic, city planners need an overview of accidents, near miss incidents, and bike routes. Such information, however, is currently not available. In this paper, we describe SimRa, a platform for collecting data on bicycle routes and near miss incidents using smartphone-based crowdsourcing. We also describe how we identify dangerous near miss hotspots based on the collected data and propose a scoring model.
description: Accepted for publication in Elsevier Pervasive and Mobile Computing
¿Qué cualidades tendrá un comercial de venta especializada para la próxima década?
Creators: name: Alba, Jorge
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150302 Business Information Systems
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 159999 Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services not elsewhere classified
subject: 150499 Commercial Services not elsewhere classified
subject: 150501 Consumer-Oriented Product or Service Development
subject: 150304 Entrepreneurship
subject: 150311 Organisational Behaviour

description: El comercial perfecto es difícil de encontrar, pero hay una serie de comportamientos que unidos y en altas proporciones dibujan al experto trabajador de la próxima década.
Consequences of Deforestation for Women’s Time Allocation, Agricultural Production, and Nutrition in Hill Areas of Nepal
Creators: name: Kumar, Shubh K.
name: Hotchkiss, David
name: Kumar, Shubh K.
name: Hotchkiss, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Women agriculture laborers
subject: Nepal
subject: Agricultural productivity
subject: Deforestation
subject: Economic aspects
subject: Time management
subject: Women fuelwood gatherers
subject: Food supply

description: In the face of growing concerns about the environment, policy makers in developing countries find themselves increasingly pressured to choose between environmental deterioration in the long run and the growing demands of poor populations in the short run. Some environmentalists point to new technology –irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticides- as the basis of ecological decay in rural areas. A number of studies have shown, instead, that expanding farm yields in less fragile area through modern technology offers a viable alternative to stripping the land to expand crop area in marginal soils. In the hill areas of Nepal, as many developing countries, women’s work is the key not only to the functioning of the household but also a necessary supply of field labor. In Consequences of Deforestation for Women’s time Allocation, Agriculture Production, and Nutrition in Hill Areas of Nepal, Research Report 69, Shubh K. Kumar and David Hotchkiss show that the allocation of women’s time, as affected by the deforestation, has far- reaching effects on farm output, income, and nutrition. In countries such ass Nepal, where adoption od modern agricultural technology is so low, it seems that the environment, agriculture, and the quality of life all suffer for this state of affairs.
Unsupervised Outlier Detection in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Thaprasop, Punnathat
name: Zhou, Kai
name: Steinheimer, Jan
name: Herold, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present different methods of unsupervised learning which can be used for outlier detection in high energy nuclear collisions. The UrQMD model is used to generate the bulk background of events as well as different variants of outlier events which may result from misidentified centrality or detector malfunctions. The methods presented here can be generalized to different and novel physics effects. To detect the outliers, dimensional reduction algorithms are implemented, specifically the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Autoencoders (AEN). We find that mainly the reconstruction error is a good measure to distinguish outliers from background. The performance of the algorithms is compared using a ROC curve. It is shown that the number of reduced (encoded) dimensions to describe a single event contributes significantly to the performance of the outlier detection task. We find that the model which is best suited to separate outlier events requires a good performance in reconstructing events and at the same time a small number of parameters.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures, new version with added references in section 1 and slightly improved layout of some figures
The Food Stamp Scheme in Sri Lanka: Costs, Benefits, and Options for Modification
Creators: name: Edirisinghe, Neville
name: Edirisinghe, Neville
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty

description: Many developing countries attempt to assist low-income households to improve their nutritional intake by providing direct or indirect income transfers. The latter are more common and usually take the form of price subsidies on a range of staple foods. Direct transfers, such as issues of food coupons, are not as widely used as price subsidies. In this regard, the case of Sir Lanka is somewhat unusual, for over four decades it followed a policy of subsidizing food prices, and during the late 1970s, this policy was replaced by a direct transfer scheme in the form of food stamp program. An analysis of the former food subsidy scheme of Sri Lanka was the subject matter of IFPRI Research Report 13, The Impact of Public Foodgrain Distribution on food Consumption and welfare in Sri Lanka, by James D. Gavan and Indrani Sri Chandrasekera. This research report by Neville Edirisinghe provides an analysis of the food stamp scheme, which is but one element of a package of policy reforms aimed at greater economic growth undertaken recently in Sri Lanka. Insight from the Sir Lanka cases should prove useful in planning income assistance programs to accompany structural changes in economies to bring about greater growth. This report adds to an array of studies undertaken by IFPRI in the area of food price policies in general and food subsidies in particular. Several such studies have been published, including studies of policies in Brazil, Bangladesh, Kerala State in India, Sri Lanka and Egypt.
Indirect coupling between spins in semiconductor quantum dots
Creators: name: Ramon, G.
name: Lyanda-Geller, Y.
name: Reinecke, T. L.
name: Sham, L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optically induced indirect exchange interaction between spins in two quantum dots is investigated theoretically. We present a microscopic formulation of the interaction between the localized spin and the itinerant carriers including the effects of correlation, using a set of canonical transformations. Correlation effects are found to be of comparable magnitude as the direct exchange. We give quantitative results for realistic quantum dot geometries and find the largest couplings for one dimensional systems.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Identifying priority conservation areas using systematic reserve selection and GIS at a fine spatial scale : a test case using threatened vertebrate species in the Okanagan, British Columbia
Creators: name: Warman, Leanna Dawn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Biologists and wildlife managers recognise the need for systematic reserve selection techniques to conserve habitat for species. Geographic information systems (GIS) provide a tool that helps identify conservation areas using geographically referenced data. Mapping continuous geographical phenomena with discreet boundaries affects the spatial organisation of data. However, most published studies of systematic reserve selection techniques have been completed at only one level of data organisation and usually for large regions at coarse scales. In this thesis, I examined the effects of data organisation on reserve selection in the South Okanagan, a small region in British Columbia. I used the software program "C-Plan" with ArcView GIS to identify the minimum amount of area required to achieve explicit conservation targets that maintain species within the region. I evaluated the reserve selection technique using terrestrial ecosystem mapping (TEM) and species habitat models that predict the suitability of T EM polygons for each of twenty-nine threatened vertebrate species. C-Plan selected 37.2% of the region to represent habitat that maintains current population sizes of these threatened vertebrate species. Although habitat area targets were achieved, these priority sites were small and scattered throughout the region and were therefore not practical for implementation or viable for many species. I examined the effects of data organisation on priority site selection by altering three algorithm parameters: (1) size and shape of the unit used to map data and select sites, (2) type of species included in selections, and (3) quantity of the conservation target for each species. The spatial overlap of priority sets of sites that were identified for different values of each parameter was low. Therefore, the spatial distribution of priority conservation sites depends on values for these parameters. Data organisation also influenced the evaluation of existing protected areas in the region for maintaining the threatened vertebrate species. Both selection unit size and assignment of protection status to selection units, based on area of overlap with actual protected areas, resulted in different evaluations of reserve performance. I demonstrate that systematic reserve selection cannot be performed with data at only one spatial organisation unless the consequences are recognised.
Processes for Creating Product Roadmaps in Dynamic and Uncertain Market Environments: A Grey Literature Review
Creators: name: Trieflinger, Stefan
name: Münch, Jürgen
name: Schneider, Jan
name: Bogazköy, Emre
name: Eißler, Patrick
name: Roling, Bastian
name: Lang, Dominic
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computer Software

description: We performed a grey literature review (GLR) according to the guidelines from Garousi et al. In this context several approaches to product roadmapping were identified, which are similar in their activities and the roadmap elements generated. An important common characteristic of the roadmapping processes found is that they establish a link between the product vision and the product roadmap. The processes also focus on defining business and customer goals and keep the way in which these goals can be achieved largely flexible. Finally, the processes support alignment with the various stakeholders to ensure that the product roadmap can fulfil its purpose.
QUALIDADE NA CADEIA DE PRODUÇÃO DE LEITE: DIAGNÓSTICO E PROPOSIÇÃO DE MELHORIAS
Creators: name: Scalco, Andrea Rossi
name: Souza, Roberta De Castro
name: Scalco, Andrea Rossi
name: Souza, Roberta De Castro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: milk production chain
subject: quality management and quality product.

description: São Paulo state is one of the major milk producer region in Brazil and in this aspect until last decade the municipality of Tupã was most prominent. This city had a decrease in the milk production of around 20%, from 2002 to 2005. There are many facts which might have restrained that milk production chain as a whole to have prevented it to become more competitive. One of the main restraining factors for its development is the quality of the product offered to the final consumer. Considering that this work aims to make a diagnose of the agents which compound that milk production chain in the region of Tupã, SP, aiming to observe whether there are management tools being used for quality management and describe what they are, and identify possible lacks and propose solutions. The method selected for the empirical part is the case study which was made viable by means of interviews with the agent’s participants and researcher observations. This study indicates that the agents in this production chain have different interests. The milk producers are not aware of quality management tools whilst supermarkets are not committed to contribute for building and preserving the quality of milk products. Finally, a model to improve the coordination of the agents in this production chain in order to improve the quality of the product was proposed.
Methane fluxes from Amazonian tropical peatlands
Creators: name: Murphy, Wayne A.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Tropical peatlands are one of the largest soil carbon (C) storage ecosystems in the world and are critical in regulating tropical biosphere and atmosphere CH4 C flux. The Amazonian peatlands of the Pastaza-Marañón foreland basin in Peru experience extreme variations in seasonal conditions. To improve our understand of future impacts on these peatland ecosystems this study aimed to quantify CH4 fluxes from five peatland sites, covering four vegetation types (forested, mixed palm Swamp, Mauritia flexuosa palm swamp (MFPS) and pole forest) over two dry season and two wet season periods. Temporal and spatial variations in CH4 emissions are reported among peatlands, vegetation types and times of day and night to quantify some of the first CH4 fluxes from lowland Amazonian peatlands. CH4 fluxes varied among season by vegetation type and trophic status. CH4 fluxes declined across ombrotrophic peatlands. CH4 flux patterns exist among MFPS peatland locations. MFPS peatlands host significant CH4 flux hot spots of ebullition. Peat pH, EC, DO, WTD’s and temperatures were critical in predicting CH4 fluxes on temporal and spatial scales. CH4 fluxes showed seasonal diurnal patterns, with peak fluxes varying between mornings and afternoons, days and nights with multiple peaks in dry season years. Temporal and spatial variations in abiotic and biotic factors and their interactions with peatland vegetation types and nutrient statuses drive CH4 flux variability in Amazonian peatlands. These CH4 fluxes from multiple temporal and spatial perspectives facilitate an initial basic understanding of Amazonian peatland C cycling and its role in the atmosphere-biosphere system. Upscaled CH4 flux for the MFPS peatland vegetation type over the PMFB may begin to close some of the disparity between bottom up and top down basin CH4 estimates.
A Three-dimensional simulation study of the performance of Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors with doped reservoirs and realistic geometry
Creators: name: Fiori, G.
name: Iannaccone, G.
name: Klimeck, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we simulate the expected device performance and the scaling perspectives of Carbon nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNT-FETs), with doped source and drain extensions. The simulations are based on the self-consistent solution of the 3D Poisson-Schroedinger equation with open boundary conditions, within the Non-Equilibrium Green's Function formalism, where arbitrary gate geometry and device architecture can be considered. The investigation of short channel effects for different gate configurations and geometry parameters shows that double gate devices offer quasi ideal subthreshold slope and DIBL without extremely thin gate dielectrics. Exploration of devices with parallel CNTs show that On currents per unit width can be significantly larger than the silicon counterpart, while high-frequency performance is very promising.
description: Submitted to IEEE TED
Molecular gas in the galaxy cluster Abell 262. CO observations of UGC 1347 and other galaxies of the cluster
Creators: name: Bertram, T.
name: Eckart, A.
name: Krips, M.
name: Staguhn, J. G.
name: Hackenberg, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present millimeter CO line emission observations of 12 galaxies within the Abell 262 cluster, together with L_FIR data, in the context of a possible molecular gas deficiency within the region of the cluster center. Several indications of the presence of such a deficiency are highlighted and connected to a model of cirrus-like cloud stripping. The model predicts a drop in the average 100 micron flux density of galaxies in the core of the cluster compared to the average 100 micron flux density in the outer regions, which is actually indicated in the IRAS data of the cluster members. This drop is explained by the decrease in the total hydrogen column density N(H) and, therefore, also includes a decrease in the molecular gas content. In addition to results for the global CO content of the galaxy sample, high-resolution interferometric CO(1-0) observations of one of the cluster members, UGC 1347, exemplify the spatial distribution of the molecular gas in a galaxy of the cluster. With these observations, it was possible to confirm the existence of a bright off-nuclear CO-emission source and to derive molecular masses and line ratios for this source and the nucleus.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, accepted by A&A
Electron Transport in Double Quantum Dot governed by Nuclear Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Jouravlev, Oleg N.
name: Nazarov, Yuli V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate theoretically electron transfer in a doble dot in a situation where it is governed by nuclear magnetic field: This has been recently achieved in experiment. We show how to partially compensate the nuclear magnetic field to restore Spin Blockade.
Investigation of factors affecting the aerosol transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Creators: name: Mutlaq Alshammri
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is transmitted via aerosol droplets generated by infected persons. Transmission of Mtb is thought to be a selective process and that cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) influences this selectivity. On expulsion into the environment, bacilli will be exposed to rapidly changing physical conditions (temperature, water activity, osmolarity and oxygen tension) as the droplet evaporates to a stable droplet nucleus. Adaptation of the bacilli to the changing environment will be a feature supporting their fitness for survival in the aerosol phase and will impact the phenotype of subsequent infection. In this project, the role of CSH on mycobacterial aerosolisation and techniques to measure CSH were investigated. Additionally, survival and changes in transcriptional profile of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. bovis BCG in aerosols over a period of 2 hours have been explored.Methods: Lawn growth of either Mtb H37Rv or M. bovis BCG were scrapped and suspended in distilled water (DW) medium. Bacteral suspensions were nebulised using either Collison 3-Jet or ultrasonic Omron nebuliser for 5 min into a rotating drum. Aerosols samples were collected in DW or Guanidinium thiocyanate (GTC) at different time points over 2 hours for survival and transcriptional profile experiments, respectively. Survival of cells in aerosols was determined by colony-forming units (CFU), most probable number (MPN) and qPCR. For transcriptional changes, samples were subject to RNA-sequencing analysis by Illumina NextSeq-500. Differentially expressed genes were detected at q-value < 0.01.Results: Mtb H37Rv and M. bovis BCG consistently showed > 50 % survival in aerosol for up to 2 hours. Differentially expressed genes of Mtb H37Rv were detected at different stages during aerosolisation and due to the nebulisation process. However, no obvious transcriptional pattern of Mtb cells under the tested conditions was obtained. Genes of Mtb universal stress regulon (DosR) were up- regulated at pre-nebulisation samples compared to the post nebulisation and aerosol samples.Discussion: Investigation into the survival of Mtb and M .bovis BCG under different environmental conditions could provide better insight into the survival of these cells in aerosols. DosR regulon was induced prior nebulisation process indicating early stress conditions for Mtb cells during inoculum preparation.
Inclusion of Binaries in Evolutionary Population Synthesis
Creators: name: Zhang, Fenghui
name: Han, Zhanwen
name: Li, Lifang
name: Hurley, Jarrod R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using evolutionary population synthesis we present integrated colours, integrated spectral energy distributions and absorption-line indices defined by the Lick Observatory image dissector scanner (referred to as Lick/IDS) system, for an extensive set of instantaneous burst binary stellar populations with and without binary interactions. The ages of the populations are in the range $1-15 $Gyr and the metallicities are in the range $0.0001-0.03$. By comparing the results for populations with and without binary interactions we show that the inclusion of binary interactions makes the integrated $\rm U-B$, $\rm B-V$, $\rm V-R$ and $\rm R-I$ colours and all Lick/IDS spectral absorption indices (except for $\rm H_β$) substantially smaller. In other words binary evolution makes a population appear bluer. This effect raises the derived age and metallicity of the population. We calculate several sets of additional solar-metallicity binary stellar populations to explore the influence of input parameters to the binary evolution algorithm (the common-envelope ejection efficiency and the stellar wind mass-loss rate) on the resulting integrated colours. We also look at the dependence on the choice of distribution functions used to generate the initial binary population. The results show that variations in the choice of input model parameters and distributions can significantly affect the results. However, comparing the discrepancies that exist between the colours of various models, we find that the differences are less than those produced between the models with and those without binary interactions. Therefore it is very necessary to consider binary interactions in order to draw accurate conclusions from evolutionary population synthesis work.
description: 18 pages, 17 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Determining the Price-Responsiveness of Demands for Irrigation Water Deliveries versus Consumptive Use
Creators: name: Scheierling, Susanne M.
name: Young, Robert A.
name: Cardon, Grant E.
name: Scheierling, Susanne M.
name: Young, Robert A.
name: Cardon, Grant E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: crop simulation
subject: irrigation
subject: mathematical programming
subject: water conservation
subject: water-demand elasticities
subject: water policy

description: A water-crop simulation/mathematical programming model of irrigation water demand in northeastern Colorado is formulated to develop an original concept of derived demand for consumptive use of water. Conventional demand functions for water deliveries are also developed, and the effect of hypothetical price increases on both consumption and delivery are illustrated. Findings indicate that demand elasticity estimates are quite sensitive to model specification, and consumptive use demand tends to be significantly less price-responsive than delivery demand. Thus price incentives are likely to have only limited impacts on basin-wide water consumption and would not make much additional water available for emerging demands.
Infrared spectroscopy of Nova Cassiopeiae 1993 (V705 Cas). IV. A closer look at the dust
Creators: name: Evans, A.
name: Tyne, V. H.
name: Smith, O.
name: Geballe, T. R.
name: Rawlings, J. M. C.
name: Eyres, S. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nova Cassiopeiae 1993 (V705 Cas) was an archetypical dust-forming nova. It displayed a deep minimum in the visual light curve, and spectroscopic evidence for carbon, hydrocarbon and silicate dust. We report the results of fitting the infrared spectral energy distribution with the DUSTY code, which we use to determine the properties and geometry of the emitting dust. The emission is well described as originating in a thin shell whose dust has a carbon:silicate ratio of ~2:1 by number (1.26:1 by mass) and a relatively flat size distribution. The 9.7micron and 18micron silicate features are consistent with freshly-condensed dust and, while the lower limit to the grain size distribution is not well constrained, the largest grains have dimensions \~0.06micron; unless the grains in V705 Cas were anomalously small, the sizes of grains produced in nova eruptions may previously have been overestimated in novae with optically thick dust shells. Laboratory work by Grishko & Duley may provide clues to the apparently unique nature of nova UIR features.
description: 11 pages, 9 fugures
Is a quantum biosensing revolution approaching?
Creators: name: Petrini, Giulia
name: Moreva, Ekaterina
name: Bernardi, Ettore
name: Traina, Paolo
name: Tomagra, Giulia
name: Carabelli, Valentina
name: Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro
name: Genovese, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the human brain remains one of the most significant challenges of the 21st century. As theoretical studies continue to improve the description of the complex mechanisms that regulate biological processes, in parallel numerous experiments are conducted to enrich or verify these theoretical predictions and with the aim of extrapolating more accurate models. In the field of magnetometers for biological application, among the various sensors proposed for this purpose, NV centers have emerged as a promising solution due to their perfect biocompatibility and the possibility of being positioned in close proximity and even inside the cell, allowing a nanometric spatial resolution. There are still many difficulties that must be overcome in order to obtain both spatial resolution and sensitivity capable of revealing the very weak biological electromagnetic fields generated by neurons (or other cells). However, over the last few years, significant improvements have been achieved in this direction, thanks to the use of innovative techniques, which allow us to hope for an early application of these sensors for the measurement of fields such as the one generated by cardiac tissue, if not, in perspective, for the nerve fibers fields. In this review, we will analyze the new results regarding the application of NV centers and we will discuss the main challenges that currently prevent these quantum sensors from reaching their full potential.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures
A Note on the Cosmic Evolution of the Axion in a Strong Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Campanelli, L.
name: Giannotti, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been pointed out in the literature that in the presence of an external magnetic field the axion mass receives an electromagnetic contribution. We show that if a magnetic field with energy density larger than ~10^{-8} times the energy density of the Universe existed at temperatures of a few GeV, that contribution would be dominant and consequently the cosmic evolution of the axion field would change substantially. In particular, the expected axion relic abundance would be lowered, allowing a small relaxation of the present cosmological bound on the Peccei-Quinn constant.
description: 2 pages, no figures. Minor changes. References added. Accepted for publication in JCAP
Maier, Johann: Das altisraelitische Ladeheiligtum
Creators: name: Hammerschmidt, Ernst
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 52 (1968): Oriens christianus, Band 52
Processes for Creating Product Roadmaps in Dynamic and Uncertain Market Environments: A Grey Literature Review
Creators: name: Trieflinger, Stefan
name: Münch, Jürgen
name: Schneider, Jan
name: Bogazköy, Emre
name: Eißler, Patrick
name: Roling, Bastian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computer Software

description: We performed a grey literature review (GLR) according to the guidelines from Garousi et al. In this context several approaches to product roadmapping were identified, which are similar in their activities and the roadmap elements generated. An important common characteristic of the roadmapping processes found is that they establish a link between the product vision and the product roadmap. The processes also focus on defining business and customer goals and keep the way in which these goals can be achieved largely flexible. Finally, the processes support alignment with the various stakeholders to ensure that the product roadmap can fulfil its purpose.
The FAST Method: Estimating Unconditional Demand Elasticities for Processed Foods in the Presence of Fixed Effects
Creators: name: Bergtold, Jason S.
name: Akobundu, Eberechukwu
name: Peterson, Everett B.
name: Bergtold, Jason S.
name: Akobundu, Eberechukwu
name: Peterson, Everett B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: demand elasticities
subject: indirect separability
subject: processed foods

description: This study estimates a set of unconditional own-price and expenditure elasticities across time for 49 processed food categories using scanner data and the FAST multi-stage demand system with fixed effects across time. Estimated own-price elasticities are generally much larger, in absolute terms, than previous estimates, while our expenditure elasticities are generally much lower. The use of disaggregated product groupings, scanner data, and the estimation of unconditional elasticities likely accounts for these differences. Results of the study suggest providing more disaggregate product-level demand elasticities could aid in the economic analysis of issues relating to industry competitiveness or the impact of public policy.