Additional file 1 of A multi-analytical study of the palette of impressionist and post-impressionist Puerto Rican artists
Creators: name: Vermeulen, Marc
name: Miranda, Annette S. Ortiz
name: Tamburini, Diego
name: Delgado, Sol E. Rivera
name: Walton, Marc
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Per pixel acquisition time (s), step size (mm) and number of scans associated with all paintings analyzed. Figure S1. Registered RGB and MA-XRF elemental maps (greyscale), obtained for Trapiche Meladero. Elemental distribution maps suggest the use of a lead-based pigment (probably lead white, Pb); iron-based yellow and brown ochres (Fe); Ni-containing cobalt-based pigment (Ni, Co); Ca- and Co-containing black (likely to be a mixture of bone black and cobalt blue; Ca, Co); vermilion (Hg); chrome-based green, likely to be viridian or chrome oxide green (Cr); and zinc-containing pigment (Zn). Figure S2. Registered RGB, RIS distribution maps (colored) and associated reflectance curves obtained for Trapiche Meladero. RIS distribution maps suggest the use of cobalt blue (EM1); chrome-based green, likely to be viridian or chrome oxide green (EM2); iron-oxide yellow and brown (EM3 and EM4 ) and Co bluecontaining black (EM5). Threshold and minimum distance values of respectively 0.1 and 15 were used for the RIS endmembers extraction procedure. Figure S3. Registered RGB, and MA-XRF elemental maps (greyscale obtained for CAM-1328. Elemental maps for Fe, Ca, Ti, Zn, Ba and Co appear to be associated with conservation intervention whereas Pb, Cu, As, Cr, Hg, K, Mn, and some Fe appear associated with the original paint layer. Elemental distribution maps suggest the use of a lead-based ground (likely to be lead white, Pb); Emerald/Scheele’s green (Cu/As); chrome-based green (Cr); iron oxide-based ochres including umber (Fe, Mn); possibly a vermilioncontaining dark pigment mixture (Hg. MA-XRF lacks elemental responses for blues and yellows. Figure S4. Registered RGB, RIS distribution maps (colored) and associated reflectance curves obtained for CAM-1328. RIS distribution maps suggest the use of a Emerald/Scheele’s type green (EM1); unknown yellows (EM2 and EM3); an iron oxide-based conservation intervention (EM4); ultramarine blue (EM5); possibly vermilion/ultramarine blue dark pigment mixture (EM6) and vermilion (EM7). Threshold and minimum distance values of respectively 0.1 and 15 were used for the endmembers extraction procedure. Figure S5. Registered RGB, and MA-XRF elemental maps (greyscale) obtained for 2004.005. Elemental maps for Ba, Zn, Co, part of Ca and Fe appear to be associated with conservation intervention whereas Pb, Hg, Cr, Mn and part of Fe appear associated with the original paint layer. Elemental distribution maps suggest the use of a lead-based pigment (probably lead white, Pb); vermilion (Hg); Cr-based green (possibly viridian or chrome(III)oxide green, Cr); possibly iron oxide-containing ochres and/or umber type pigments (Fe, Mn). Figure S6. Registered RGB, RIS distribution maps (colored) and associated reflectance curves obtained for 2004.005. RIS distribution maps suggest the use of a an unknown yellow (EM1), an unknown dark (EM2), an unknown green (EM3, probably a conservation intervention); a vermilion-containing mixtures (EM5 and EM6) and possibly viridian or chrome(III)oxide green (EM7). Threshold and minimum distance values of respectively 0.1 and 15 were used for the endmembers extraction procedure. Figure S7. MA-XRF elemental maps obtained for 2004–007. Elemental distributions suggest the use of barium sulfate (Ba), calcium carbonate (Ca), cobalt blue (Co), chrome yellow (Cr) lead white (Pb), iron oxide (Fe), vermilion (Hg), umber type pigment (Mn/Fe), zinc white (Zn) and Emerald green (Cu/As). Most elements appear associated with the original paint layer. Figure S8. RIS distribution maps and associated reflectance curves obtained for 2004–007. Reflectance spectroscopy suggests the use of Prussian blue (EM1), Emerald green (EM2), unknown dark areas (EM3, EM4, EM5), unknown pigment (EM6), Prussian blue-containing green (EM7), and vermilion-containing reds (EM8). Figure S9. Registered RGB, and MA-XRF elemental maps (greyscale) obtained for 2003–05–02. All elemental maps appear to be associated with original paint layer. The Mn-free Fe present where Pb is lacking in the cushion may be associated with a pentimenti. Elemental distribution maps suggest the use of a lead-based pigment (probably lead white, Pb); zinc-based pigment (likely zinc white); vermilion (Hg); Cr-based green [possibly viridian or chrome(III)oxide green, Cr]; possibly iron oxide-containing ochres and/or umber type pigments (Fe, Mn). Figure S10. RIS distribution maps and associated reflectance curves obtained for 2003–05–02. Reflectance spectroscopy suggests the use of Prussian blue (EM1), iron oxide red (EM2), ultramarine blue (EM3), unidentified green (EM4), mixture of vermilion and iron oxide (EM5), iron oxide-containing yellow mixture (EM6), unknown white (EM7), unknown yellow (EM8) and unknown brown (EM9). Figure S11. Visible light image, BSE SEM image and EDX elemental distribution maps obtained on CS3. Images and SEM-EDX analyses suggest the presence of 4 layers: (1) a Ba/Ca/Pb ground; (2) a warm calcium-rich layer; (3) a thin iron oxide yellow layer, and (4) a thicker light yellow, low Z element top layer. Figure S12. Visible light image, BSE SEM image and EDX elemental distribution maps obtained on CS4. Images and SEM-EDX analyses suggest the presence of a lead white)/zinc white/calcium carbonate/barium sulfate ground (Pb/Zn/Ca/Ba), followed by a vermilion and lead white-rich upper layer (Hg/S/Pb). Figure S13. Visible light image, BSE SEM image and EDX elemental distribution maps obtained on CS5. Images and SEM-EDX analyses suggest the presence of lead white and zinc white mixed ground with small inclusions of Al-based and iron oxide particles. Figure S14. Raman spectra for pigment particles found in a, b CS3, c–g CS4, h, i CS5, (j, k SCR1. a Mars red, b barium sulfate, c barium sulfate, d vermilion, e calcium carbonate, f quartz, g calcium sulfate, h lead white, i yellow ochre/goethite, j lead white, and k vermilion. Figure S15. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric results obtained for the reference sample of PY1: a UV–Vis chromatogram extracted at 350 nm and UV–Vis absorption spectrum (insert); b tandem mass spectrum obtained in positive ionization mode and proposed justification of fragment ions; c tandem mass spectrum obtained in negative ionization mode and proposed justification of fragment ions. The position of the charges on the molecular structures is only indicative. Figure S16. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric results obtained for the reference sample of PY3: a UV–Vis chromatogram extracted at 350 nm and UV–Vis absorption spectrum (insert); b tandem mass spectrum obtained in positive ionization mode and proposed justification of fragment ions; c tandem mass spectrum obtained in negative ionization mode and proposed justification of fragment ions. The position of the charges on the molecular structures is only indicative.