cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Climate models in modal adverbials : representational practice and deep uncertainty in the IPCC summary documents
Creators: name: Roeder, Geoffrey Gilbert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: In a warming climate, policymakers require the best available information to develop the most effective responses. These responses could work to mitigate the worst consequences of climatic change or support adaption to the unavoidable ones. However, the challenges of communicating deeply uncertain information from statistical climatology to a non-technical audience are manifold. The complex uncertainties inherent in the development and study of General Circulation Models (GCMs), statistical climatology’s primary inferential tool, exacerbate these challenges. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a U.N. body formed to solve this problem. Employing standardized sets of modal adverbials to indicate the certainty of a finding, the IPCC works to regularly communicate all policy-relevant uncertainties. The present thesis, analyzing the IPCC’s “Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report” (SYR) and its attendant “Summary for Policymakers” (SPM), argues that the IPCC’s recently much-criticized treatment of uncertainty is a direct response to the combative politics of climate change. A comparison of the IPCC’s treatment of a few key findings to a number of independent analyses of the same highlights the problem. Through a linguistic and rhetorical analysis of the SYR and SPM, I argue that a number of problematic uncertainties are represented as if politically manageable. Independent literature on the reliability of long-term inference from GCMs cautions against such an interpretation. Partly motivating the IPCC’s practice (evidenced in IPCC-internal literature) is desire to control politically hostile and possibly inaccurate interpretations of the uncertainties. Nevertheless, forming adaptive policies on such highly uncertain findings could lead to ineffectual and economically wasteful infrastructure projects. Such policies could also distract from effective responses that might mitigate the worst climatic changes. Following recent sociological and historical work in the discipline of Science and Technology Studies, I argue that the IPCC’s problematic schema for the communication of uncertainty is best understood as a response to the contemporary democratic climate of distrust and distance. The IPCC’s modal adverbials, interpreted as a complex form of social and literary technology, are an attempt to erect a new and ambitious boundary around what constitutes a politically-stable scientific fact and what constitutes a scientific topic under deep investigation.
Nonradial superfluid modes in oscillating neutron stars
Creators: name: Chugunov, A. I.
name: Gusakov, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the first time nonradial oscillations of superfluid nonrotating stars are self-consistently studied at finite stellar temperatures. We apply a realistic equation of state and realistic density dependent model of critical temperature of neutron and proton superfluidity. In particular, we discuss three-layer configurations of a star with no neutron superfluidity at the centre and in the outer region of the core but with superfluid intermediate region. We show, that oscillation spectra contain a set of modes whose frequencies can be very sensitive to temperature variations. Fast temporal evolution of the pulsation spectrum in the course of neutron star cooling is also analysed.
description: 5+ pages, 4 figures, published version. Eqs. (3) and (5) and a few typos are corrected; results unchanged
title: Temporary Land Use, the Creative Class and Local Economy in Calgary
title: PURE Award 2018 Final Report
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Carruthers, Alyssa
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2018
Subjects: Urban Studies
Calgary
Temporary Land Use
Creative Cities
Urban Revitalization
PURE

description: Grant provided for research by the University of Calgary's Program for Undergraduate Research Experience (PURE)
Additional file 1 of Individual dynamic prediction and prognostic analysis for long-term allograft survival after kidney transplantation
Creators: name: Huang, Baoyi
name: Huang, Mingli
name: Zhang, Chengfeng
name: Yu, Zhiyin
name: Hou, Yawen
name: Miao, Yun
name: Chen, Zheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Basic information about the patients. Fig. S1. Monte Carlo cross validation process. Fig. S2. Survival Curve for all patients. Appendix S1. R code for building a static Cox model and a dynamic Cox model.
Seasonal Predictability of Daily Rainfall Characteristics in Central Northern Chile for Dry-Land Management
Creators: name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Verbist, Koen
name: Cornelis, Wim M.
name: Gabriels, Donald
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Meteorology

description: The seasonal predictability of daily winter rainfall characteristics relevant to dry-land management was investigated in the Coquimbo region of central northern Chile, with focus on the seasonal rainfall total, daily rainfall frequency, and mean daily rainfall intensity on wet days at the station scale. Three approaches of increasing complexity were tested. First, an index of the simultaneous El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was regressed onto May–August (MJJA) observed precipitation; this explained 32% of station-averaged rainfall-amount variability, but performed poorly in a forecasting setting. The second approach used retrospective seasonal forecasts made with three general circulation models (GCMs) to produce downscaled seasonal rainfall statistics by means of canonical correlation analysis (CCA). In the third approach, a nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model (nHMM) driven by the GCM’s seasonal forecasts was used to model stochastic daily rainfall sequences. While the CCA is used as a downscaling method for the seasonal rainfall characteristics themselves, the nHMM has the ability to simulate a large ensemble of daily rainfall sequences at each station from which the rainfall statistics were calculated. Similar cross-validated skill estimates were obtained using both the CCA and nHMM, with the highest correlations with observations found for seasonal rainfall amount and rainfall frequency (up to 0.9 at individual stations). These findings were interpreted using analyses of observed rainfall spatial coherence, and by means of synoptic rainfall states derived from the HMM. The downscaled hindcasts were then tailored to meteorological drought prediction, using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) based on seasonal values, the frequency of substantial rainfall days (>15 mm; FREQ15) and the daily accumulated precipitation deficit. Deterministic hindcasts of SPI showed high hit rates, with high ranked probability skill score for probabilistic hindcasts of FREQ15 obtained via the nHMM.
title: Imaging findings of breast reconstruction: a guide for radiologists
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Renato
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Cancer
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Surgery
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Mammography
subject: Oncology
subject: Breast
subject: Anatomy
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: - to demonstrate the main imaging findings of the most common breast reconstruction techniques (expanders, implantes, myocutaneous flaps,microsurgical flaps) with cases from our...
Always look at the bright side of non-delivery: WTO and Preferential Trade Agreements, yesterday and today
Creators: name: Mavroidis, Petros C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: International law
Transparency in government
Foreign trade regulation
Commerce

description: The disciplining of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) by the WTO has been 'relaxed' recently as a result of the new context (the Transparency Mechanism) within which notified PTAs are being multilaterally reviewed. This is probably a blessing for a number of reasons, including the success of the multilateral trading system in bringing tariffs down over the years (and the ensuing reduced trade diversion), the fact that modern PTAs deal with many non-trade issues as well (for which no WTO disciplines exist), and the recent empirical literature suggesting overall positive welfare implications for those participating in similar schemes. This paper discusses these and other reasons to support the view that the WTO should rather focus on the multilateral agenda instead of diverting its attention towards disciplining PTAs. In more concrete terms, this paper argues in support of the thesis that the Transparency Mechanism should not be simply a de facto substitute of the previous regime (where outlawing a PTA could not a priori be excluded), but the de jure new forum to discuss PTAs within the multilateral trading system, at least for the time being. A first do-no-harm-policy is one of the rationales for the thesis advocated here.
Diversity of methane and short chain hydrocarbon degrading bacteria with an emphasis on methane biofilter systems
Creators: name: Khadka, Roshan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Methanotrophs
subject: Copper monooxygenase
subject: Methane biofilter
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: Engineering--Environmental

description: Methanotrophs house enzymes capable of methane oxidation, act as a sink for atmospheric methane and play a key role in the global carbon cycle. This study conducted multiple studies on methanotrophs, including: examination of the evolutionary history of copper membrane monooxygenases (CuMMOs), application of methanotrophic communities in protocol design for monitoring methane biofilter systems, and the analyses of single cell genomes containing new CuMMO-encoding genes. CuMMOs are encoded by three genes, usually in an operon of xmoCAB, and oxidize ammonia, methane, and short chain alkanes and alkenes. To examine the evolutionary history of CuMMOs, phylogenetic inferences and compositional genome analyses were applied to a set of 66 genomes. Individual phylogeny of all genes xmoA, xmoB, and xmoC closely matched in almost all genomes, indicating this operon evolved as a unit. However in Verrucomicrobia pmoB has a distinct phylogeny from pmoA and pmoC. The gammaproteobacteria AMO (Nitrosococcus spp.), the gammaproteobacterial Pxm, the thaumarcheotal AMO and the NC10 pMMO showed little or no compositional bias in the xmo operon indicating similar compositional biases to its genome. Based on the analysis, possible lateral gene transfer events of xmoCAB genes were predicted. The nitrifying bacterium Nitrosococcus postulated as the donor of pmoCAB to both the alpha- and gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs. To design a monitoring protocol that would allow a simple, cost effective and accurate estimation of whether a methane biofilter is operating efficiently, microcosms using compost as a biofilter material were tested via growth and starvation experiments for long periods. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that non-methanotrophic methylotrophic bacteria belonging the family Methylophilaceae showed a rapid response to biofilter methane oxidation activity and may be a good monitoring target. A monitoring system based on these “methanotroph-associated methylotrophs” is proposed and a ratio of Methylophilaceae to Methylococcaceae of 0.35 was related to high methane activity and 0.1 to low activity. Novel copper membrane monooxygenase encoding operons (xmoCAB) were detected while screening metagenomes obtained from oil sands environments. Quantitative PCR assays were developed for detection of xmoCAB genes in methane, ethane and propane enrichment cultures from environmental samples. Single cell genomes were sequenced from the xmoCAB positive sorted cells of a propane enrichment culture. Screening the genomes identified Polaromonas and Rhodoferax as containing multiple xmoCAB operons. Potential propane oxidation pathways were predicted based on enzymes present in single cell genomes of these two genera.
Contemporary mobility of herders in central Mongolia
Creators: name: Jargalsaikhan, Azjargal
name: Batjav, Batbuyan
name: Baival, Batkhishig
name: Ulambayar, Tungalag
name: Lhagvasuren, Tamir
name: Tsogtbaatar, Solongoo
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: Mongolia
movement patterns
regional geographic location
herders
CBRM
movement across the administrative borders

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: Social-ecological changes occurring in recent years have complicated herders' migration patterns, and because of rangeland climate variability, nomadic movement patterns have changed. The aim of this study was to determine how the present movement patterns of herders situated in different steppe regions along the road infrastructure corridor of central Mongolia have been affected by the intensification of community-based natural resource management activities and household livelihood levels, and to identify how herders adapt to those changes in their movement practices. The number and distance of herders' movements increased between 2010 and 2011, depending on regional geographical location and community-based natural resource management activities. In particular, household income and the number of livestock herders owned determined how far they moved. In the period 2010-2011 in central Mongolia there was a trend of movement from the western aimags to the forest steppe and from the desert steppe to the steppe and forest steppe, across administrative borders. Herders have a variety of ways to cope with social-ecological change which demonstrates the basic need for developing location-specific policies when establishing movement regulations and implementing risk reduction measures.
title: Maximizing stroke outcomes - structured information exchange between stroke physicians and radiologists.
Creators: name: Podlasek, Anna
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Obstruction / Occlusion
subject: Image registration
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Education
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1. Observe current practice in regard to stroke CT-head referrals and reports. 2. Facilitate discussion on communication between stroke clinicians and...
Local versus regional-scale characteristics of monsoon onset and post-onset rainfall over Indonesia
Creators: name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Moron, Vincent
name: Qian, Jianhua
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Meteorology

description: The austral summer monsoon onset and post-onset rainfall and their associated low-level winds are analyzed during the August-February season over Indonesia from 1979 to 2006 using surface and satellite products as well as reanalyses and regional climate model simulations. Onset date is defined using a local agronomic definition. Its leading empirical orthogonal function is found to exhibit a regional-scale spatially-coherent signal across "monsoonal" Indonesia, i.e. mostly south of the Equator, with an asymmetric temporal behavior, such that delayed onsets are more intense than early ones. Associated anomalies in rainfall tend to weaken quickly after mid-to-late November or early December, especially over islands, while they tend to persist over ocean. This weakening is shown to be associated with the evolution of distinct weather types revealed by a kmeans cluster analysis. In particular, late onsets—usually related to warm El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events—are found to be accompanied by an increased prevalence of a weather type characterized by weak low-level daily-averaged winds across monsoonal Indonesia and increased (decreased) rainfall over most of the island orography and southern and western coasts (seas). The regional model simulations provide evidence that this land-sea rainfall contrast could be associated with an enhanced diurnal sea-land breeze circulation.
Relative property A and relative amenability for countable groups
Creators: name: Ji, Ronghui
name: Ogle, Crichton
name: Ramsey, Bobby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L80 (Primary) 20F65, 46M18 (Secondary)

description: We define a relative property A for a countable group with respect to a finite family of subgroups. Many characterizations for relative property A are given. In particular a relative bounded cohomological characterization shows that if a group has property A relative to a family of subgroups, each of which has property A, then the group has property A. This result leads to new classes of groups that have property A. In particular, groups are of property A if they act cocompactly on locally finite property A spaces of bounded geometry with at least one stabilizer of property A. Specializing the definition of relative property A, an analogue definition of relative amenability for discrete groups are introduced and similar results are obtained.
description: Updated to include a strengthening of the relative amenability characterization
title: Intracranial arterial fenestrations: CTA and MRA imaging illustrations with review of clinical significance
Creators: name: Ezhapilli, Sajeev
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Aneurysms
subject: eLearning
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Vascular
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To illustrate Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) and Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) demonstration of common intracranial artery fenestrations To review clinical significance including potential risks associated with these anatomically...
Investigation into Equine Papillomavirus Type 2 Prevalence and Diagnosis
Creators: name: Wachoski-Dark, Garrett Louis
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: EcPV-2
subject: equine papillomavirus type 2
subject: Veterinary Science
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Pathology
subject: Engineering--Biomedical

description: Equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV-2) has been consistently associated with most equine genital cancers and a subset of cancers at other locations. The prevalence of EcPV-2 in healthy horses has been estimated to be <20% for DNA presence, and 10-36% for anti-EcPV-2-L1 seroprevalence. However, no study has thus far examined the prevalence of EcPV-2 at the herd-level or over multiple timepoints. This thesis examined EcPV-2 prevalence in a predominantly closed herd with a known EcPV-2 infected horse over three timepoints. We found that DNA prevalence (0-4%) was equivalent to the general horse population, but that seroprevalence (51.5%) was higher. Additionally, no study has examined the distribution of EcPV-2 infection in situ, nor compared such a technique to PCR. We found that RNA ISH concorded with PCR in 80% of cases. We also recapitulated previous results concerning EcPV-2 distribution in situ as well as found EcPV-2 in numerous novel locations.
title: Myxoid Liposarcoma: Appearance at MR Imaging and Histologic Correlation.
Creators: name: Kolani, Sylvie
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Pathology
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Learn the MRI appearance of myxoid liposarcoma, the correlation between MR Imaging and histological features, and the differential...
Hadron tomography through Wigner distributions
Creators: name: Lorce, Cedric
name: Pasquini, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Wigner functions of the nucleon which provide multidimensional images of the quark distributions in phase space and combine in a single picture all the information contained in the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) and the transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs). In particular, we present results for the distribution of unpolarized quarks in a longitudinally polarized nucleon obtained in a light-cone constituent quark model. Treating the Wigner distribution as it was a classical distribution, we obtain the quark orbital angular momentum and compare it with alternative definitions given in terms of the GPDs and the TMDs.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, Prepared for the Third International Workshop on Transverse Polarization Phenomena in Hard Scattering (Transversity2011), Veli Lo\v{s}inj, Croatia, 29 Aug - 2 Sep 2011
On the size of the sigma meson and its nature
Creators: name: Albaladejo, M.
name: Oller, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work the nature of the σor f_0(600) resonance is discussed by evaluating its quadratic scalar radius, \la r^2\ra_s^σ. This allows one to have a quantitative estimate for the size of this resonance. We obtain that the σresonance is a compact object with $\la r^2\ra_s^σ=(0.19\pm0.02)-i(0.06\pm0.02)$ fm^2. Within our approach, employing unitary chiral perturbation theory, the σis a dynamically generated resonance that stems from the pion-pion interactions. Given its small size we conclude that the two pions inside the resonance are merged. A four-quark picture is then more appropriate. However, when the pion mass increases, for pion masses somewhat above 400 MeV, the picture of a two-pion molecule is the appropriate one. The σis then a spread ππbound state. These results are connected with other recent works that support a non standard nature of the σas well, while fulfilling strong QCD constraints, as well as with lattice QCD. We offer a detailed study of the low-energy S-wave ππscattering data from where we extract our values for the threshold parameters of S-wave ππphase shifts, the {\cal O}(p^4) chiral perturbation theory low energy constants as well as the σpole position. From the comparison with other accurate determinations in the literature we obtain the average values for the isospin 0 S-wave ππthreshold parameters, $a_0^0=0.220\pm0.003$, $b_0^0=0.279\pm 0.003 M_π^{-2}$, and for the real and imaginary parts of the σpole position in \sqrt{s}, $458\pm14-i(261\pm17)$ MeV. The quark mass dependence of the size of the σ, its mass and width are considered too. The latter agree accurately with a previous lattice QCD calculation. The fact that the mass of this resonance tends to follow the threshold of two pions is a clear indication that the σis a dynamically generated meson-meson resonance.
description: 31 pages, 21 figures
title: Cavitary lung infectious diseases: Beyond tuberculosis
Creators: name: Norena Rengifo, Brian Daniel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Parasites
subject: Infection
subject: Cavitation
subject: Socio-economic issues
subject: Education
subject: Complications
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Thorax
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Lung
subject: Chest
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the most relevant radiologic manifestations of cavitary pulmonary infections other than pulmonary tuberculosis. To describe the clinical and epidemiologic features of cavitary pulmonary infections. To perform a proper differential...
TB2015_PT_CRC_SupplementaryMaterial.docx
Creators: name: Carvalho, Carlos
name: Alba, Sandra
name: Harris, Ross
name: Abubakar, Ibrahim
name: Hest, Rob Van
name: Correia, Ana Maria
name: Gonçalves, Guilherme
name: Duarte, Raquel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Supplementary Tables for the Manuscript "Completeness of notification of tuberculosis in Portugal 2015: an Inventory Study and Capture-Recapture Analysis"
Dzud and thresholds of 'property' in Mongolian pastoralism
Creators: name: Murphy, Daniel J.
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: property
mobility
politics
disaster
resilience

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: Property and its allocation are key elements of resilience within socio-ecological systems. This presentation compares ethnographic and survey data on shifting ideas of property from 2008 to similar data gathered in 2014 in a district of southern Khentii aimag. The data illustrate how these attitudes emerged, their underlying logics, and how they articulate with broader historical and political economic conditions. The findings raise concern that dzud events could serve as a possible trigger for formal legal transformations in land rights given the increased political rhetoric and calls for land privatization following dzud events. This paper argues that crossing such property thresholds would pose considerable problems for both rangelands and livelihoods and suggests some future avenues for strengthening pastoral systems.
ALGORI-GAME GIBRID O'QITISH METODIDA ADAPTIV TA'LIM TEXNOLOGIYASINING QO'LLANILISHI VA UNING AFZALLIKLARI
Creators: name: Umarzoda, Shohruh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada ALGORI-GAME gibrid o'qitish metodida adaptiv ta'lim texnologiyalarining qo‘llanilishi, ularning pedagogik samaradorligi va talabalar bilim olish jarayonidagi afzalliklari muhokama qilingan. Adaptiv tizimlarning o‘quvchilar bilimlarini individuallashtirish, o‘zlashtirish sur'atini oshirish hamda ta'lim jarayonini moslashuvchan qilishdagi imkoniyatlari tahlil etilgan.
title: Congenital Brain Vascular Malformations: "UNTANGLING THE KNOT"
Creators: name: Diva, Lakshay
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Congenital
subject: Arteriovenous malformations
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Emergency
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Learning objectives: 1. Describe clinical presentations of the wide range of congenital intracranial vascular malformations. 2. Illustrate the “red flag” features in routine cross-sectional imaging which would prompt further investigation by...
The maximal density of product-free sets in Z/nZ
Creators: name: Kurlberg, Par
name: Lagarias, Jeffrey C.
name: Pomerance, Carl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B05, 11B75

description: This paper studies the maximal size of product-free sets in Z/nZ. These are sets of residues for which there is no solution to ab == c (mod n) with a,b,c in the set. In a previous paper we constructed an infinite sequence of integers (n_i)_{i > 0} and product-free sets S_i in Z/n_iZ such that the density |S_i|/n_i tends to 1 as i tends to infinity, where |S_i|$ denotes the cardinality of S_i. Here we obtain matching, up to constants, upper and lower bounds on the maximal attainable density as n tends to infinity.
description: Minor typos corrected. To appear in IMRN
title: Post-surgical breast imaging: It does matter if it is black or white
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Renato
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Cancer
subject: Surgery
subject: Complications
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Mammography
subject: Oncology
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the most common post-surgical benign and malignant imaging findings after breast conservative surgery and mastectomy To illustrate how to reduce the quantity of differential diagnosis depending on the site of the lesion To illustrate...
Beyond Service Learning: Towards an Understanding of Engineering Student Development of Social Responsibility
Creators: name: Jatana, Lauren Shawna
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: social responsibility
subject: engineering education
subject: Ethics
subject: professionalism
subject: Education
subject: Engineering
subject: Education
subject: Engineering
subject: Psychology--Social

description: More than ever, engineering students must be prepared for social responsibility. The 20th-century saw unprecedented social and technical advancement, leading to population growth and depleting natural resources. As a result, engineering educators have been called upon to prepare students for these professional social responsibilities. However, social responsibility is more discretionary and interpretive than legal and ethical responsibilities, and educators lack clarity on what exactly social responsibility entails and how to design effective learning experiences for it. This thesis explores the relationship between student participation in various engineering learning experiences and social responsibility. Results of this study show that fourth- year students were likely to have higher social responsibility measures than first-year students, especially in a professional capacity. Participation in certain learning experiences corresponded to increased social responsibility measures, while others did not. Lastly, the results show that social responsibility measures could be correlated with three professional graduate attributes.
The Genesis of the GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services)
Creators: name: Marchetti, Juan A.
name: Mavroidis, Petros C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Uruguay Round (1987-1994)
International law
Foreign trade regulation
Commerce

description: The Uruguay Round services negotiations saw the light of day amidst pressures from lobbies in developed countries, unilateral retaliatory actions, and ideological struggle in the developing world. The final outcome, the GATS, certainly characterized by a complex structure and awkward drafting here and there, is not optimal but is an important first step towards the liberalization of trade in services. This article traces the GATS negotiating history, from its very beginning in the late 1970s, paying particular attention to the main forces that brought the services dossier to the multilateral trading system (governments, industries, and academics), and the interaction between developed and developing countries before and during the Uruguay Round. We will follow the actions, positions, and negotiating stances of four trading partners -- Brazil, the European Union, India, and the United States -- that were key in the development of the GATS. Finally, we will, indicatively at least, try to attribute a 'paternity' (or, rather, a 'maternity') to some key features and provisions of the agreement.
Conduction of topologically-protected charged ferroelectric domain walls
Creators: name: Wu, Weida
name: Horibe, Y.
name: Lee, N.
name: Cheong, S. -W.
name: Guest, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the observation of nanoscale conduction at ferroelectric domain walls in hexagonal HoMnO3 protected by the topology of multiferroic vortices using in situ conductive atomic force microscopy, piezoresponse force microscopy, and kelvin-probe force microscopy at low temperatures. In addition to previously observed Schottky-like rectification at low bias [Phys. Rev. Lett., 104, 217601 (2010)], conductance spectra reveal that negatively charged tail-to-tail walls exhibit enhanced conduction at high forward bias, while positively charged head-to-head walls exhibit suppressed conduction at high reverse bias. Our results pave the way for understanding the semiconducting properties of the domains and domain walls in small-gap ferroelectrics.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Analysis of Intraseasonal and Interannual Variability of the Asian Summer Monsoon Using a Hidden Markov Model
Creators: name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Yoo, Jin Ho
name: Kang, In-Sik
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Madden-Julian oscillation
Southern oscillation
Monsoons
Meteorology

description: Intraseasonal and interannual variability of Asian summer monsoon rainfall in pentad precipitation data is examined using a hidden Markov model (HMM). The spatial patterns of discrete rainfall states derived with the HMM and the associated transition probabilities between the states are shown to represent well the principal Asian summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), propagating eastward and northward with a period of 40–50 days. Stochastic simulations made with the HMM reasonably reproduce the canonical ISO propagation and its observed statistics such as the frequency of ISO events. The interannual modulation of the ISO associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is assessed by employing a nonhomogeneous HMM (NHMM) with summer-mean Niño-3.4 index prescribed as an input variable. ENSO influence on the ISO is found to manifest as preferences toward particular ISO phases depending on the ENSO condition, thus adding an asymmetry to the ISO. In the presence of seasonal mean anomalies, it is shown that the El Niño seasonal mean rainfall anomaly pattern is identified by the HMM as a distinct state, in addition to the ISO states, whereas the La Niña seasonal mean rainfall anomaly pattern does not appear distinct from the ISO states.
Geomechanical Characteristics of Hydrate-bearing Sands
Creators: name: Abbas, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Gas hydrates
subject: Geotechnical engineering
subject: Triaxial testing
subject: Resonant column testing
subject: Hydrate bearing sand
subject: Hydrate bearing soils
subject: Permeability of hydrates
subject: Cemented hydrates
subject: Cemented sands
subject: Soil Science
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Engineering--Civil
subject: Geotechnology

description: This thesis presents an experimental study on the geomechanical characteristics of lab-synthesized methane hydrate bearing sand. Sand was tested in four different states, namely, base sand (BS), frozen sand (FS), gas-saturated hydrate bearing sand (HS), and water-saturated hydrate bearing sand (WHS). Test specimens were evaluated for permeability, stiffness and triaxial strength. It was found that hydrate formation caused a reduction in permeability and a large increase in stiffness of sand. Triaxial test results indicate that both hydrate and ice increased the strength of sand and induced strain-softening behavior. However, HS showed higher peak strength than FS and exhibited different deformation characteristics. Stiffness and triaxial strength of WHS were lower than HS possibly due to marginal hydrate dissociation leading to a potential loss of cementation during water-saturation. The existence of inter-granular cementation in WHS was validated by analysis of experimental data using stress-dilatancy relationship for cohesive soils.
To fence or not to fence? Perceptions and attitudes of herders in Inner Mongolia
Creators: name: Xu, Yecheng
name: Zhang, Yaoqi
name: Gao, Liping
name: Qiao, Guanghua
name: Chen, Jiquan
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: fencing
grassland management
land tenure reform
Inner Mongolia

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: The most important part of recent grassland tenure reforms in Inner Mongolia has been to divide the collective grassland to household level, then fence and enclose grassland. Fencing is a form of strongest signal of private property right and aims to exclude over-boundary grazing, attempting to solve "tragedy of the commons" from open access. Fencing gives herders a "user right", though ownership still resides at a village level. But fencing significantly limit animal and herdsmen mobility critical to the pastoral society and coupled natural and human systems. The "dilemma of enclosure" has become a key debated issue of grassland management. Positive and negative effects have been widely discussed, but few empirical studies have been conducted into this dilemma. Ecologists in general believe fencing would negatively affect the integrated ecosystem and seasonal rotation of herding. In contrast, economists think the fence would avoid the "tragedy of the commons" and create an incentive to protect herders own resources. Economists also understand that fencing would reduce the scale of economy and fencing itself is costly. After reviewing current fencing policies and the scale of the fencing activities in Inner Mongolia, we surveyed the effects of existing fencing policies and their impact on herdsman households to evaluate herders' attitudes and perceptions towards fencing.
title: Soft tissue sarcoma: correlation between MRI features and histological tumor grade.
Creators: name: Kolani, Sylvie
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Retrospective
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Learn about the correlation between MRI features and histological tumor...
Selection of a 50kW Small Wind Turbine for Calgary
Creators: name: Yan, Tao
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Literature--Asian
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Energy

description: The thesis studies the cost efficiency of wind turbines compared to photovoltaic (PV) technologies and develops criteria for the selection of cost-efficient and reliable small wind turbines for sites in Calgary. The thesis first presents a literature review of wind energy and turbines and describes the technicalities of large versus small turbines. It studies electrical generation, control systems, safety systems and certifications. This thesis analyzes the performance of PV and small wind turbines, and the economic differences between the two in terms of cost per unit power. Affordability is another advantage of Chinese turbines; they are usually cheaper than European. Since no Canadian manufacturers are running as Endurance went bankrupt, Chinese turbines are selected because they are relatively inexpensive, certified, and not much is known about them. A detailed framework compares technical and economic performances of turbines from different Chinese manufacturers.
Penning traps with unitary architecture for storage of highly charged ions
Creators: name: Tan, Joseph N.
name: Brewer, Samuel M.
name: Guise, Nicholas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Penning traps are made extremely compact by embedding rare-earth permanent magnets in the electrode structure. Axially-oriented NdFeB magnets are used in unitary architectures that couple the electric and magnetic components into an integrated structure. We have constructed a two- magnet Penning trap with radial access to enable the use of laser or atomic beams, as well as the collection of light. An experimental apparatus equipped with ion optics is installed at the NIST electron beam ion trap (EBIT) facility, constrained to fit within 1 meter at the end of a horizontal beamline for transporting highly charged ions. Highly charged ions of neon and argon, extracted with initial energies up to 4000 eV per unit charge, are captured and stored to study the confinement properties of a one-magnet trap and a two-magnet trap. Design considerations and some test results are discussed.
The Atmospheric Circulation over the North Atlantic as Induced by the SST Field
Creators: name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Feliks, Yizhak
name: Ghil, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Ocean-atmosphere interaction--Simulation methods
North Atlantic oscillation
Atmosphere
Meteorology

description: Spectral analyses of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Simple Ocean Data Analysis (SODA) reanalysis for the past half-century identify prominent and statistically significant interannual oscillations in two regions along the Gulf Stream front over the North Atlantic. A model of the atmospheric marine boundary layer coupled to a baroclinic quasigeostrophic model of the free atmosphere is then forced with the SST history from the SODA reanalysis. Two extreme states are found in the atmospheric simulations: 1) an eastward extension of the westerly jet associated with the front, which occurs mainly during boreal winter, and 2) a quiescent state of very weak flow found predominantly in the summer. This vacillation of the oceanic-front-induced jet in the model is found to exhibit periodicities similar to those identified in the observed Gulf Stream SST front itself. In addition, a close correspondence is found between interannual spectral peaks in the observed North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and the SODA-induced oscillations in the atmospheric model. In particular, significant oscillatory modes with periods of 8.5, 4.2, and 2.8 yr are found in both observed and simulated indices and are shown to be highly synchronized and of similar energy in both time series. These oscillatory modes in the simulations are shown to be suppressed when either (i) the Gulf Stream front or (ii) its interannual oscillations are omitted from the SST field. Moreover, these modes also disappear when (iii) the SST front is spatially smoothed, thus confirming that they are indeed induced by the oceanic front.
Precise Relic WIMP Abundance and its Impact on Searches for Dark Matter Annihilation
Creators: name: Steigman, Gary
name: Dasgupta, Basudeb
name: Beacom, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If dark matter (DM) is a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) that is a thermal relic of the early Universe, then its total self-annihilation cross section is revealed by its present-day mass density. The canonical thermally averaged cross section for a generic WIMP is usually stated as 3*10^-26 cm^3s^-1, with unspecified uncertainty, and taken to be independent of WIMP mass. Recent searches for annihilation products of DM annihilation have just reached the sensitivity to exclude this canonical cross section for 100% branching ratio to certain final states and small WIMP masses. The ultimate goal is to probe all kinematically allowed final states as a function of mass and, if all states are adequately excluded, set a lower limit to the WIMP mass. Probing the low-mass region is further motivated due to recent hints for a light WIMP in direct and indirect searches. We revisit the thermal relic abundance calculation for a generic WIMP and show that the required cross section can be calculated precisely. It varies significantly with mass at masses below 10 GeV, reaching a maximum of 5.2*10^-26 cm^3s^-1 at masses around 0.3 GeV, and is 2.2*10^-26 cm^3s^-1 with feeble mass-dependence for masses above 10 GeV. These results, which differ significantly from the canonical value and have not been taken into account in searches for annihilation products from generic WIMPs, have a noticeable impact on the interpretation of present limits from Fermi-LAT and WMAP+ACT.
description: 12 Pages, 6 figures. Matches published PRD version. Data for the relic annihilation cross section vs. mass is available as an ancillary file
title: Tree-in-bud pattern: Beyond infection
Creators: name: bansal, sofia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chest
subject: Lung
subject: Respiratory system
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Cavitation
subject: Infection
subject: Obstruction / Occlusion
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To learn a step-by-step approach for narrowing the differential diagnosis of the tree-in-bud pattern. To recognize differentiating clinical and radiological...
title: What is important to know in CT and MRI evaluation about hypervascular lesions in liver cirrhosis?
Creators: name: Iosub, Carmen-Vasilica
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Liver
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1.To present and illustrate the main hypervascular non-tumoral and tumoral entities in a cirrhotic liver. 2.To differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma from other benign and malignant tumoral...
Just Fast Keying: Key Agreement in a Hostile Internet
Creators: name: Aiello, William
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Blaze, Matt
name: Canetti, Ran
name: Ioannidis, John
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Reingold, Omer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: We describe Just Fast Keying (JFK), a new key-exchange protocol, primarily designed for use in the IP security architecture. It is simple, efficient, and secure; we sketch a proof of the latter property. JFK also has a number of novel engineering parameters that permit a variety of tradeoffs, most notably the ability to balance the need for perfect forward secrecy against susceptibility to denial-of-service attacks.