cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Formation of interference-sensitive meiotic cross-overs requires sufficient DNA leading-strand elongation
Creators: name: Huang, Jiyue
name: Wang, Cong
name: Su, Hang
name: Wang, Jun
name: Hong, Yue
name: Copenhaver, Gregory P.
name: Wang, Yingxiang
name: Cheng, Zhihao
name: Ma, Hong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Meiosis is essential for eukaryotic sexual reproduction, and meiotic recombination redistributes genetic variations among progeny. Homologous recombination is also important for DNA repair and genome stability. Current recombination models include DNA synthesis, particularly leading-strand synthesis, but its role has not been tested experimentally. Here, we showed that mutations in a DNA polymerase required for leading-strand elongation caused reduced fertility, defects in meiotic chromosome fragmentation and segregation, and reduction of interference-sensitive cross-overs (COs). Because the majority of meiotic COs are produced from the interference-sensitive pathway in budding yeast, mammals, and flowering plants, the discovery of leading-strand elongation in the differentiation of meiotic recombination pathways has important implications in understanding of human reproductive health and crop breeding.
Modeling Near-Surface Bound Electron States in Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator: Analytical and Numerical Approaches
Creators: name: Men'shov, V. N.
name: Tugushev, V. V.
name: Menshchikova, T. V.
name: Eremeev, S. V.
name: Echenique, P. M.
name: Chulkov, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply both analytical and ab-initio methods to explore heterostructures composed of a threedimensional topological insulator (3D TI) and an ultrathin normal insulator (NI) overlayer as a proof ground for the principles of the topological phase engineering. Using the continual model of a semi-infinite 3D TI we study the surface potential (SP) effect caused by an attached ultrathin layer of 3D NI on the formation of topological bound states at the interface. The results reveal that spatial profile and spectrum of these near-surface states strongly depend on both the sign and strength of the SP. Using ab-initio band structure calculations to take materials specificity into account, we investigate the NI/TI heterostructures formed by a single tetradymite-type quintuple or septuple layer block and the 3D TI substrate. The analytical continuum theory results relate the near-surface state evolution with the SP variation and are in good qualitative agreement with those obtained from density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. We predict also the appearance of the quasi-topological bound state on the 3D NI surface caused by a local band gap inversion induced by an overlayer.
Hamiltonicity of graphs perturbed by a random geometric graph
Creators: name: Díaz, Alberto Espuny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study Hamiltonicity in graphs obtained as the union of a deterministic $n$-vertex graph $H$ with linear degrees and a $d$-dimensional random geometric graph $G^d(n,r)$, for any $d\geq1$. We obtain an asymptotically optimal bound on the minimum $r$ for which a.a.s. $H\cup G^d(n,r)$ is Hamiltonian. Our proof provides a linear time algorithm to find a Hamilton cycle in such graphs.
description: To appear in Journal of Graph Theory
Bayesian Marked Point Process Modeling for Generating Fully Synthetic Public Use Data with Point-Referenced Geography
Creators: name: Quick, Harrison
name: Holan, Scott H.
name: Wikle, Christopher K.
name: Reiter, Jerome P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many data stewards collect confidential data that include fine geography. When sharing these data with others, data stewards strive to disseminate data that are informative for a wide range of spatial and non-spatial analyses while simultaneously protecting the confidentiality of data subjects' identities and attributes. Typically, data stewards meet this challenge by coarsening the resolution of the released geography and, as needed, perturbing the confidential attributes. When done with high intensity, these redaction strategies can result in released data with poor analytic quality. We propose an alternative dissemination approach based on fully synthetic data. We generate data using marked point process models that can maintain both the statistical properties and the spatial dependence structure of the confidential data. We illustrate the approach using data consisting of mortality records from Durham, North Carolina.
Functionally conserved architecture of hepatitis C virus RNA genomes
Creators: name: Yamane, Daisuke
name: Mauger, David M.
name: Weeks, Kevin M.
name: Williford, Sara
name: Lemon, Stanley M.
name: Martin, Darren P.
name: Golden, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Plus-sense RNA viruses cause diverse pathologies in humans. Viral RNA genomes are selected to encode information both in their primary sequences and in their higher-order tertiary structures required to replicate and to evade host immune responses. We interrogated the physical structures of three evolutionarily divergent hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genomes using high-throughput chemical probing and found, along with all previously known RNA-structure–based regulatory elements, diverse previously uncharacterized structures that impact viral replication. We also characterized strategies by which the HCV genomic RNA structure masks detection by innate immune sensors. This structure-first strategy for comparative analysis of genome-wide RNA structure can be broadly applied to understand the contributions of higher-order genome structure to viral replication and pathogenicity.
End-to-End Intelligent Framework for Rockfall Detection
Creators: name: Zoumpekas, Thanasis
name: Puig, Anna
name: Salamó, Maria
name: García-Sellés, David
name: Nuñez, Laura Blanco
name: Guinau, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rockfall detection is a crucial procedure in the field of geology, which helps to reduce the associated risks. Currently, geologists identify rockfall events almost manually utilizing point cloud and imagery data obtained from different caption devices such as Terrestrial Laser Scanner or digital cameras. Multi-temporal comparison of the point clouds obtained with these techniques requires a tedious visual inspection to identify rockfall events which implies inaccuracies that depend on several factors such as human expertise and the sensibility of the sensors. This paper addresses this issue and provides an intelligent framework for rockfall event detection for any individual working in the intersection of the geology domain and decision support systems. The development of such an analysis framework poses significant research challenges and justifies intensive experimental analysis. In particular, we propose an intelligent system that utilizes multiple machine learning algorithms to detect rockfall clusters of point cloud data. Due to the extremely imbalanced nature of the problem, a plethora of state-of-the-art resampling techniques accompanied by multiple models and feature selection procedures are being investigated. Various machine learning pipeline combinations have been benchmarked and compared applying well-known metrics to be incorporated into our system. Specifically, we developed statistical and machine learning techniques and applied them to analyze point cloud data extracted from Terrestrial Laser Scanner in two distinct case studies, involving different geological contexts: the basaltic cliff of Castellfollit de la Roca and the conglomerate Montserrat Massif, both located in Spain. Our experimental data suggest that some of the above-mentioned machine learning pipelines can be utilized to detect rockfall incidents on mountain walls, with experimentally proven accuracy.
Kubo Combinatorics for Turbulence Scaling Laws
Creators: name: Petrillo, Jarret
name: Glimm, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extension to Kolmogorov's refined similarity hypothesis for universal fully developed turbulence. The extension is applied within Z. She and E. Leveque's multifractal model of inertial range scaling and its generalizations. Our modification rectifies an apparent gap between the implicit continuum of length scales in Obukhov's conception of a turbulent energy cascade, and scaling law models derived from Kolmogorov's refined similarity hypothesis that lack infinite divisibility. The development has relevance to universal fully developed turbulence, a state we describe explicitly in terms of the coupling between velocity fluctuations and averaged energy dissipation at all orders. This description is unique and leads to a reparametrization of the She-Leveque model that preserves its original forecasts and is infinitely divisible.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
MPEC 2023-R56 : 2023 RG1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RG1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Experiments on the fragmentation of a buoyant liquid volume in another liquid
Creators: name: Landeau, Maylis
name: Deguen, Renaud
name: Olson, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experiments on the instability and fragmentation of volumes of heavier liquid released into lighter immiscible liquids. We focus on the regime defined by small Ohnesorge numbers, density ratios of order one, and variable Weber numbers. The observed stages in the fragmentation process include deformation of the released fluid by either Rayleigh-Taylor instability or vortex ring roll-up and destabilization, formation of filamentary structures, capillary instability, and drop formation. At low and intermediate Weber numbers, a wide variety of fragmentation regimes is identified. Those regimes depend on early deformations, which mainly result from a competition between the growth of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities and the roll-up of a vortex ring. At high Weber numbers, turbulent vortex ring formation is observed. We have adapted the standard theory of turbulent entrainment to buoyant vortex rings with initial momentum. We find consistency between this theory and our experiments, indicating that the concept of turbulent entrainment is valid for non-dispersed immiscible fluids at large Weber and Reynolds numbers.
Mapping the distribution of accreted metals on the surface of WD G29-38 with TESS and HST
Creators: name: Barber, Sam
name: Montgomery, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: White dwarf (WD) star G29-38 exhibits large-amplitude g-mode pulsations with frequencies ranging from 500 to 4000 μHz. Classified as a DAVZ (hydrogen dominated atmosphere, variable, with atmospheric metals present), it also shows an infrared excess attributed to a circumstellar dust disk. The presence of metals indicates ongoing accretion. The goal of this work is to use the pulsations to constrain the geometry of metal accretion on the surface of G29-38, e.g., polar versus equatorial. Using  time-series photometric data from TESS and overlapping time-series spectral data from HST, we can tie its photometric variations to abundance variations derived from the time-series spectra. Next, using non-linear lightcurve fitting techniques (Montgomery 2005; Montgomery et al. 2010), we can use the non-linearities in the light curve to constrain the temperature and flux variations on its surface. The "hot spots" that occasionally appear due to pulsations will dominate the spectra, so the abundances determined from the spectra at these times will constrain the atmospheric abundances at the location of the "hot spots". We employ advanced Fourier transform techniques to track amplitude variations in the pulsation modes. While straightforward in principle, we find that G29-38 shows such significant amplitude variations in many of its modes that a determination of the pulsation amplitudes at the precise times that the HST spectra were taken is a critical part of the analysis.
Incident-angle dependence of deformation characteristics of aluminum surface under low-energy xenon-ion impact
Creators: name: Zhang, Cheng
name: Zhou, Jiang
name: Xie, Weihua
name: Yin, Jiacong
name: Zhao, Hongjiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ion thruster is a revolution technology with potential applications in space mission but the thrusters operation lifetime is limited by the sputtering from thruster components. In this work, molecular dynamic simulations are performed to explore the dependence of deformation characteristics of an aluminum surface on incident angle and kinetic energy under low-energy xenon-ion impact. The fraction of non-12-coordinated atoms is used to quantitatively characterize the microstructural evolution and defect density levels. It is found that defect density level has a linear relation with incident energy, and there exists a critical incident angle around 20 degrees, at which the aluminum surface has the maximum defect density level. In addition, a collision model is developed to theoretically reveal the physical mechanisms behind the dependence. Our findings may helpful in developing long endurance electric propulsion devices for practical applications.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
Global dispersion and local diversification of the methane seep microbiome
Creators: name: Ramette, Alban
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Methane seeps are natural gas leaks at the seafloor that emit methane to the hydrosphere. The emission rates are controlled by methane-oxidizing microorganisms, which shape the ecosystem by supplying energy sources to other microorganisms and animal symbioses. We provide evidence that methane seeps are island-like habitats, harboring distinct microbial communities that share few organisms with other seafloor ecosystems. The seep communities comprise bacteria and archaea that occur worldwide but are locally selected by the environment. These microorganisms show high relative sequence abundances, suggesting high population densities and global relevance for the control of methane emission from the seafloor. At individual seeps, the cosmopolitan microorganisms are associated with a substantial diversity of rare relatives, turning seeps into hotspots of microbial biodiversity.
MICROSCOPE instrument in-flight characterization
Creators: name: Chhun, Ratana
name: Hardy, Emilie
name: Rodrigues, Manuel
name: Touboul, Pierre
name: Métris, Gilles
name: Boulanger, Damien
name: Christophe, Bruno
name: Danto, Pascale
name: Foulon, Bernard
name: Guidotti, Pierre-Yves
name: Huynh, Phuong-Anh
name: Lebat, Vincent
name: Liorzou, Françoise
name: Robert, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the MICROSCOPE instrument aims to measure accelerations as low as a few 10$^{-15}$\,m\,s$^{-2}$ and cannot operate on ground, it was obvious to have a large time dedicated to its characterization in flight. After its release and first operation, the characterization experiments covered all the aspects of the instrument design in order to consolidate the scientific measurements and the subsequent conclusions drawn from them. Over the course of the mission we validated the servo-control and even updated the PID control laws for each inertial sensor. Thanks to several dedicated experiments and the analysis of the instrument sensitivities, we have been able to identify a number of instrument characteristics such as biases, gold wire and electrostatic stiffnesses, non linearities, couplings and free motion ranges of the test-masses, which may first impact the scientific objective and secondly the analysis of the instrument good operation.
description: This paper is part of set of articles dedicated to the final results of MICROSCOPE space mission and submitted to CQG
Maximal exact structures on additive categories
Creators: name: Sieg, Dennis
name: Wegner, Sven-Ake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 46M18, Secondary 18E10, 18G50

description: We show that every additive category with kernels and cokernels admits a maximal exact structure. Moreover, we discuss two examples of categories of the latter type arising from functional analysis.
description: Version of May 22, 2011. 9 pages
In-cell SHAPE reveals that free 30S ribosome subunits are in the inactive state
Creators: name: Lavender, Christopher A.
name: Weeks, Kevin M.
name: Fredrick, Kurt
name: McClory, Sean P.
name: McGinnis, Jennifer L.
name: Devaraj, Aishwarya
name: Liu, Qi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: It has been known for decades that purified small subunits of the ribosome can interconvert between active and inactive conformations in experiments performed under simplified conditions, but the physiological relevance of this switch has remained unclear. We probed the structure of ribosomal RNA in healthy living cells and discovered that stably assembled 30S subunits exist predominantly in the inactive conformation, with structural differences localized in the functionally important decoding region. Disrupting the ability to interconvert between active and inactive conformations compromised translation in cells. In-cell RNA structure probing supports a model in which “inactive” 30S subunits comprise an abundant in-cell state that regulates ribosome function.
Integrative analysis of sequencing and array genotype data for discovering disease associations with rare mutations
Creators: name: Hu, Yi-Juan
name: Lin, Dan-Yu
name: Li, Yun
name: Auer, Paul L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: High-throughput DNA sequencing provides an unprecedented opportunity to discover rare genetic variants associated with complex diseases and traits. However, sequencing a large number of subjects is prohibitively expensive. It is common to select subjects for sequencing from the cohorts that have collected genotyping array data. We impute the sequencing data from the array data for the cohort members who are not selected for sequencing and perform gene-level association tests for rare variants by properly combining the observed genotypes for sequenced subjects and the imputed genotypes for nonsequenced subjects. This integrative analysis is substantially more powerful than the use of sequencing data alone and can accelerate the search for disease-causing mutations.
Emergent Hadrons and Diquarks
Creators: name: Fukushima, Kenji
name: Pawlowski, Jan M.
name: Strodthoff, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the emergence of a low-energy effective theory with quarks, mesons, diquarks and baryons at vanishing and finite baryon density from first principle QCD. The present work also includes an overview on diquarks at vanishing and finite density, and elucidates the physics of transitional changes from baryonic matter to quark matter including diquarks. This set-up is discussed within the functional renormalisation group approach with dynamical hadronisation. In this framework it is detailed how mesons, diquarks, and baryons emerge dynamically from the renormalisation flow of the QCD effective action. Moreover, the fundamental degrees of freedom of QCD, quarks and gluons, decouple from the dynamics of QCD below the respective mass gaps. The resulting global picture unifies the different low energy effective theories used for low and high densities within QCD, and allows for a determination of the respective low energy constants directly from QCD.
description: 30 pages, 17 figures
Religiöse Erziehung von Kindern und Jugendlichen angesichts der Herausforderungen einer sich verändernden Welt
Creators: name: Nery, Israel José
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 38 Nr. 4 (2002): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 38, Heft 4
Polymorph selection of pharmaceutical cocrystals via bench-top and continuous production techniques
Creators: name: O'Sullivan, Aaron
name: Kelly, Senan
name: Bhattacharya, Shayon
name: Ryan, Kevin M.
name: Collins, Maurice
name: Padrela, Luis
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: Polymorphism can be a valuable tool as well as an impediment in the development and approval of pharmaceuticals, providing an opportunity to tune active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) physicochemical properties. The control of polymorphism in cocrystalline systems and other multicomponent forms remains underexplored. The study herein aims to investigate the potential of several techniques, liquid-assisted grinding (LAG), solvent evaporation (SE), supercritical enhanced atomization (SEA) and electrospraying, to control the cocrystal polymorphic outcome of three cocrystals: isonicotinamide-citric acid (IsoCa), ethenzamide-saccharin (EthSac) and ethenzamide-gentisic acid (EthGa). Solvent selection employing LAG and SE showed little effect on polymorphic outcome. Electrospraying and SEA primarily produced the α form of IsoCa, with process parameter variations leading to the β form during SEA, and a mixture of α and γ from electrospraying. Electrospraying led to the stable form I of EthSac, while SEA could produce pure form II, and a mixture. Electrospraying produced the form I of EthGa while SEA could produce form II, with an unknown polymorphic impurity. Density functional theory (DFT) computed electron density (ED) maps of cocrystal polymorph binary systems further rationalised the polymorphic predominance observed through the electrospraying. Ultimately this study provides a general road map for polymorph selection via atomization-based methodologies.
The Relationship between Creativity, Imitation, and Cultural Diversity
Creators: name: Gabora, Liane
name: Leijnen, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There are both benefits and drawbacks to cultural diversity. It can lead to friction and exacerbate differences. However, as with biological diversity, cultural diversity is valuable in times of upheaval; if a previously effective solution no longer works, it is good to have alternatives available. What factors give rise to cultural diversity? This paper describes a preliminary investigation of this question using a computational model of cultural evolution. The model is composed of neural network based agents that evolve fitter ideas for actions by (1) inventing new ideas through modification of existing ones, and (2) imitating neighbors' ideas. Numerical simulations indicate that the diversity of ideas in a population is positively correlated with both the proportion of creators to imitators in the population, and the rate at which creators create. This is the case for both minimum and peak diversity of actions over the duration of a run.
description: 13 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0911.2390, arXiv:1005.1516, arXiv:1310.3781, arXiv:1310.0522, arXiv:0811.2551
Kantian fractionalization predicts the conflict propensity of the international system
Creators: name: Mucha, Peter J.
name: Menninga, Elizabeth J.
name: Cranmer, Skyler J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Many studies in international relations have investigated relationships between pairs of countries and the likelihood of conflict, yet none have connected the overall structure of the network of relationships between countries with the total level of international conflict. Here, we blaze a new path in the study of international conflict by introducing a measure of the overall fractionalization in the network of international relationships which we call Kantian fractionalization and demonstrating that this measure has been closely correlated with the number of new international conflicts in the following year. Moreover, we show that jointly democratic pairs of countries contribute negligibly to Kantian fractionalization, casting doubt on one of the most prominent concepts in international relations and policy prescriptions in Washington.
Generation of bottle beam using low-density channel in air
Creators: name: Ji, Shao-jun
name: Zhou, Xiao-ming
name: Tang, Hui
name: Wang, Hai-tao
name: Zhang, Jing-hui
name: qiao, Chun-hong
name: Fan, Cheng-yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cylindrical density depressions generated by femtosecond laser pulses filamenting in air for different energy depositions is investigated numerically, by using a set of hydrodynamic equations. The evolution of density profile is calculated for different temperature elevations, the results indicate that the gas density hole is getting shallower and wider with the increasing temperature elevations. A simulation of the propagation inside low-density channel implies a new way to generate a type of bottle beam.
description: 4 pages,5 figures
Hören und Sehen: die Herausforderung der religiösen Erziehung in der Familie
Creators: name: Miller-McLemore, Bonnie J.
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 38 Nr. 4 (2002): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 38, Heft 4
K-Ras4A splice variant is widely expressed in cancer and uses a hybrid membrane-targeting motif
Creators: name: Gierut, Jessica J.
name: Tsai, Frederick D.
name: Cox, Adrienne D.
name: Zhou, Mo
name: Court, Helen
name: Philips, Mark R.
name: Ponce, Odis
name: Lopes, Mathew S.
name: Fiordalisi, James J.
name: Haigis, Kevin M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The KRAS oncogene is mutated more frequently in human cancer than any other. The KRAS transcript is alternatively spliced to give rise to two products, K-Ras4A and K-Ras4B, both of which are oncogenic when KRAS is mutated. We detected significant amounts of each transcript in human tumor cells and colorectal carcinomas. We found that K-Ras4A is targeted to the plasma membrane by dual targeting motifs distinct from those of K-Ras4B. Because interfering with membrane association of Ras proteins remains one of the most attractive approaches to anti-Ras therapy, efforts in this direction will have to disrupt both the K-Ras4A and the K-Ras4B membrane-targeting pathways.
Lack of pairing during meiosis triggers multigenerational transgene silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans
Creators: name: Leopold, Luciana E.
name: Shtessel, Ludmila
name: Seong, Soobin
name: Ahmed, Shawn
name: Heestand, Bree N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Transgenes can be permanently silenced in a single generation via a previously described small RNA-induced epigenetic silencing (RNAe) mechanism, which is promoted by the presence of a perfect Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) target site. In this study, we identify a previously unidentified mechanism capable of silencing single-copy transgenes that lack perfect piRNA target sites and that is triggered by a lack of chromosomal pairing during meiosis for multiple generations. Multigenerational RNAe can lead to reversible or permanent transgene silencing and may provide insight into variability in the expression of single-copy transgenes or single-copy genomic insertions, which are commonly used in experimental biology. Our analysis of “multigenerational RNAe” also offers new insights into potentially common epigenetic silencing events relevant to genome expression in the germline and embryo.
Hochschild cohomology of dg manifolds associated to integrable distributions
Creators: name: Chen, Zhuo
name: Xiang, Maosong
name: Xu, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 57R30, 32Q55

description: For the field $\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{C}$, and an integrable distribution $F \subseteq T_M \otimes_{\mathbb{R}} \mathbb{K}$ on a smooth manifold $M$, we study the Hochschild cohomology of the dg manifold $(F[1],d_F)$ and establish a canonical isomorphism with the Hochschild cohomology of the algebra of functions on leaf space in terms of transversal polydifferential operators of $F$. In particular, for the dg manifold $(T_X^{0,1}[1],\bar{\partial})$ associated with a complex manifold $X$, we prove that its Hochschild cohomology is canonically isomorphic to the Hochschild cohomology $HH^{\bullet}(X)$ of the complex manifold $X$. As an application, we show that the Duflo-Kontsevich type theorem for the dg manifold $(T_X^{0,1}[1],\bar{\partial})$ implies the Duflo-Kontsevich theorem for complex manifolds.
description: 32 pages, final version; references added; To appear in Comm.Math.Phys
Der Einfluss der Medien auf die religiöse Entwicklung von Jungen und Mädchen
Creators: name: Jakobsen, Rolv Nøtvik
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 38 Nr. 4 (2002): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 38, Heft 4
Superfluid-insulator transition of two-dimensional disordered Bose gases
Creators: name: Saliba, Joseph
name: Lugan, Pierre
name: Savona, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the two-dimensional weakly repulsive Bose gas at zero temperature in the presence of correlated disorder. Using large-scale simulations, we show that the low-energy Bogoliubov cumulative density of states remains quadratic up to a critical disorder strength, beyond which a power law with disorder-dependent exponent $β<2$ sets in. We associate this threshold behavior with the transition from superfluid to Bose glass, and compare the resulting mean-field phase diagram with scaling laws and the Thomas-Fermi percolation threshold of the mean-field density profile.
description: Published version, 5 pages, 4 figures
The cohomology invariant for class DIII topological insulators
Creators: name: De Nittis, Giuseppe
name: Gomi, Kiyonori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary: 14D21. Secondary: 57R22, 55N25, 19L64

description: This work concerns with the description of the topological phases of band insulators of class DIII by using the equivariant cohomology. The main result is the definition of a cohomology class for general systems of class DIII which generalizes the well known $\mathbb{Z}_2$-invariant given by the Teo-Kane formula in the one-dimension case. In the two-dimensional case this cohomology invariant allows a complete description of the strong and weak phases. The relation with the KR-theory, the Noether-Fredholm index and the classification of "Real" gerbes are also discussed.
description: 38 pages. Keywords: Class DIII topological insulators, "Quaternionic" vector bundles, equivariant cohomology, KR-theory
Low TGFβ1 expression prevents and high expression exacerbates diabetic nephropathy in mice
Creators: name: Madden, Victoria J.
name: Gasim, Adil M. H.
name: Jennette, J. Charles
name: Smithies, Oliver
name: Hathaway, Catherine K.
name: Kim, Hyung-Suk
name: Kakoki, Masao
name: Chang, Albert S.
name: Bagnell, C. Robert
name: Grant, Ruriko
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: About one third of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus develop nephropathy, which often progresses to end-stage renal diseases. The present study demonstrates that below normal transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 expression ameliorates the nephropathy and decreased glomerular filtration rate resulting from long-standing type 1 diabetes, while above normal TGFβ1 expression makes both worse. Reducing TGFβ1 expression in the glomerulus is more important in avoiding the decrease in glomerular filtration rate than altering expression in the tubule, while expression in the tubule is more important in controlling interstitial fibrosis and albuminuria. Suppressing TGFβ1 action in the kidney as a whole, or specifically in podocytes, could be a promising option for treating/preventing the progressive deterioration of renal function in diabetes.
Letter from George Cruikshank Esq. to Charles Kent, October, 25, 1866
Creators: name: Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Illustration of books
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/967406
subject: Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/55675
subject: Dickens, Charles, 1812-1870
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/28294
subject: Illustrators
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/967426
subject: Kent, Charles, 1823-1902
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1520369
subject: Authors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821688
subject: Poets, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067870
subject: Poets
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067778
subject: Authors, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821945
subject: Authors, English--Correspondence
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821953

description: Letter from George Cruikshank to Charles Kent. Autograph letter signed, accompanied by envelope. Dated October 25, 1866.
On the asymptotic acoustic-mode phase in red-giant stars and its dependence on evolutionary state
Creators: name: Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
name: Aguirre, V. Silva
name: Elsworth, Y.
name: Hekker, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asteroseismic investigations based on the wealth of data now available,in particular from the CoRoT and Kepler missions, require a good understanding of the relation between the observed quantities and the properties of the underlying stellar structure. Kallinger et al. 2012 found a relation between their determination of the asymptotic phase of radial oscillations in evolved stars and the evolutionary state, separating ascending-branch red giants from helium-burning stars in the `red clump'. Here we provide a detailed analysis of this relation, which is found to derive from differences between these two classes of stars in the thermodynamic state of the convective envelope. There is potential for distinguishing red giants and clump stars based on the phase determined from observations that are too short to allow distinction based on determination of the period spacing for mixed modes. The analysis of the phase may also point to a better understanding of the potential for using the helium-ionization-induced acoustic glitch to determine the helium abundance in the envelopes of these stars.
description: MNRAS, in the press
Saturation bounds for smooth varieties
Creators: name: Ein, Lawrence
name: Ha, Huy Tai
name: Lazarsfeld, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F99, 13D02

description: We prove bounds on the saturation degrees of homogeneous ideals (and their powers) defining smooth complex projective varieties. For example, we show that a classical statement due to Macualay for zero-dimensional complete intersection ideals holds for any smooth variety. For curves, we bound the saturation degree of powers in terms of the regularity.
B!SON - an open tool to help researchers find suitable Open Access journals for their work
Creators: name: Eppelin, Anita
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: open access journals
open access
recommendation

description: The poster presents key facts on B!SON, an open recommendation service for Open Access journals. There is a whole range of web-based services designed to help researchers find a suitable journal for their findings. Few of them, however, are inherently oriented towards the needs and interests of the research community: they are often provided by commercial actors, only include journals of one single (major) publisher, the procedures for the recommendations are not transparent, the source code is not publicly available, their sustainability is unclear or they are merely aggregated journal lists with advanced filter functions. B!SON has set out to do things differently: It is a tool developed and provided by two major German academic libraries - TIB (Technische Informationsbibliothek) and SLUB (Saxonian State and University Library Dresden). It includes only genuine Open Access journals, uses only community-based, open data sources from DOAJ and OpenCitations, discloses its recommendation algorithm based on semantic and bibliometric methods, handles user data sensitively and has been designed with sustainability in mind. B!SON's simple user interface with input fields for a manuscript's title, abstract and references provides users with a list of DOAJ-listed journals in which similar research has been published. A similarity score is provided for each journal listed, along with the underlying articles where similarity was found, to make the recommendation verifiable. This poster has been created for OASPA Online Conference on Open Access Scholarly Publishing 2023. Poster design: nadinekloever.de
Ultrasensitive THz sensing with high-Q Fano resonances in metasurfaces
Creators: name: Singh, Ranjan
name: Cao, Wei
name: Al-Naib, Ibraheem
name: Cong, Longqing
name: Withayachumnankul, Withawat
name: Zhang, Weili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High quality factor resonances are extremely promising for designing ultra-sensitive refractive index label-free sensors since it allows intense interaction between electromagnetic waves and the analyte material. Metamaterial and plasmonic sensing has recently attracted a lot of attention due to subwavelength confinement of electromagnetic fields in the resonant structures. However, the excitation of high quality factor resonances in these systems has been a challenge. We excite an order of magnitude higher quality factor resonances in planar terahertz metamaterials that we exploit for ultrasensitive sensing. The low-loss quadrupole and Fano resonances with extremely narrow linewidths enable us to measure the minute spectral shift caused due to the smallest change in the refractive index of the surrounding media. We achieve sensitivity levels of 7.75 x 10^3 nm/ RIU with quadrupole and 5.7 x 10^4 nm/ RIU with the Fano resonances which could be further enhanced by using thinner substrates. These findings would facilitate the design of ultrasensitive real time chemical and biomolecular sensors in the fingerprint region of the terahertz regime.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Metabolic heat production and thermal conductance are mass-independent adaptations to thermal environment in birds and mammals
Creators: name: Balk, Meghan A.
name: Khaliq, Imran
name: Hof, Christian
name: Brown, James H.
name: Fristoe, Trevor S.
name: Burger, Joseph R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: How different kinds of organisms adapt to environmental temperature is central to understanding how they respond to past, present, and future climate change. We applied the Scholander–Irving model of thermoregulation to data on hundreds of species of birds and mammals to assess the contributions of three avenues of adaptation to environmental temperature: body size, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and thermal conductance. Adaptation via body size is limited; the entire ranges of body sizes of birds and mammals occur in nearly all climatic regimes. Using physiological and environmental data for 211 bird and 178 mammal species, we demonstrate that birds and mammals have adapted to geographic variation in environmental temperature regimes by concerted changes in both BMR and thermal conductance.
Microneedle-array patches loaded with hypoxia-sensitive vesicles provide fast glucose-responsive insulin delivery
Creators: name: DiSanto, Rocco
name: Zhang, Yuqi
name: Ye, Yanqi
name: Sun, Wujin
name: Ligler, Frances S.
name: Yu, Jicheng
name: Ranson, Davis
name: Gu, Zhen
name: Buse, John B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: For exploiting synthetic glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems, challenges remain to demonstrate a strategy that would combine (i) fast responsiveness, (ii) ease of administration, and (iii) excellent biocompatibility. We have developed a novel glucose-responsive insulin delivery device using a painless microneedle-array patch containing hypoxia-sensitive hyaluronic acid-based vesicles. The vesicles quickly dissociate and release encapsulated insulin under the local hypoxic environment, caused by the enzymatic oxidation of glucose in the hyperglycemic state. This “smart insulin patch” with a new enzyme-based glucose-responsive mechanism can regulate the blood glucose of type 1 diabetic mice to achieve normal levels, with faster responsiveness compared with the commonly used pH-sensitive formulations, and can avoid the risk of hypoglycemia.
Interaction of a Magnet and a Point Charge: Unrecognized Internal Electromagnetic Momentum
Creators: name: Boyer, Timothy H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whereas nonrelativistic mechanics always connects the total momentum of a system to the motion of the center of mass, relativistic systems, such as interacting electromagnetic charges, can have internal linear momentum in the absence of motion of the center of energy of the system. This internal linear momentum of the system is related to the controversial concept of "hidden momentum." We suggest that the term "hidden momentum" be abandoned. Here we use the relativistic conservation law for the center of energy to give an unambiguous definition of the "internal momentum of a system," and then we exhibit this internal momentum for the system of a magnet (modeled as a circular ring of moving charges) and a distant static point charge. The calculations provide clear illustrations of this system for three cases: a) the moving charges of the magnet are assumed to continue in their unperturbed motion, b) the moving charges of the magnet are free to accelerate but have no mutual interactions, and c) the moving charges of the magnet are free to accelerate and also interact with each other. It is noted that when the current-carrying charges of the magnet are allowed to interact, the magnet itself will contain internal electromagnetic linear momentum, something which has not been presented clearly in the research and teaching literature.
description: 23 pages. This manuscript is related to arXiv:1408.3741, but has been thoroughly revised with a different focus
A hybrid inference system for improved curvature estimation in the level-set method using machine learning
Creators: name: Larios-Cárdenas, Luis Ángel
name: Gibou, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: I.2.6; G.1.8
subject: 68T99, 65Z05, 65N06

description: We present a novel hybrid strategy based on machine learning to improve curvature estimation in the level-set method. The proposed inference system couples enhanced neural networks with standard numerical schemes to compute curvature more accurately. The core of our hybrid framework is a switching mechanism that relies on well established numerical techniques to gauge curvature. If the curvature magnitude is larger than a resolution-dependent threshold, it uses a neural network to yield a better approximation. Our networks are multilayer perceptrons fitted to synthetic data sets composed of sinusoidal- and circular-interface samples at various configurations. To reduce data set size and training complexity, we leverage the problem's characteristic symmetry and build our models on just half of the curvature spectrum. These savings lead to a powerful inference system able to outperform any of its numerical or neural component alone. Experiments with stationary, smooth interfaces show that our hybrid solver is notably superior to conventional numerical methods in coarse grids and along steep interface regions. Compared to prior research, we have observed outstanding gains in precision after training the regression model with data pairs from more than a single interface type and transforming data with specialized input preprocessing. In particular, our findings confirm that machine learning is a promising venue for reducing or removing mass loss in the level-set method.
description: Submitted
Dielectron measurements in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC
Creators: name: Koehler, Markus K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic probes are excellent messengers from the hot and dense medium created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Since leptons do not interact strongly, their spectra reflect the entire space-time evolution of the collision. The surrounding medium can lead to modifications of the dielectron production with respect to the vacuum rate. To quantify modifications in heavy-ion collisions, measurements in pp collisions serve as a reference, while the analysis of p-A collisions allows for the disentanglement of cold nuclear matter effects from those of the hot and dense medium. In this proceedings, dielectron measurements with the ALICE central barrel detectors are presented. The invariant mass distributions in the range $ 0
description: 4 pages, 8 figures, Proceedings of the "Quark Matter 2014 Conference", XXIV International Conference on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions, Darmstadt, May 19-24 2014