cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generalized uncertainty principle in quantum cosmology for the maximally symmetric space
Creators: name: Kuzmichev, V. E.
name: Kuzmichev, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new uncertainty relation is derived in the context of the canonical quantum theory with gravity for the case of the maximally symmetric space. This relation establishes a connection between fluctuations of the quantities which determine the intrinsic and extrinsic curvatures of the spacelike hypersurface in spacetime and introduces the uncertainty principle for quantum gravitational systems. The generalized time-energy uncertainty relation, which takes into account gravity, is proposed. It is shown that known Unruh's uncertainty relation follows, as a particular case, from the new uncertainty relation. As an example, the sizes of fluctuations of the scale factor and its conjugate momentum are calculated within an exactly solvable model. All known modifications of the uncertainty principle deduced previously from different approaches in the theory of gravity and string theory are obtained as particular cases of the proposed general expression.
description: 13 pages, v.2: new section and title, abstract is revised
Tadpole diagrams in constant electromagnetic fields
Creators: name: Karbstein, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how all possible one-particle reducible tadpole diagrams in constant electromagnetic fields can be constructed from one-particle irreducible constant-field diagrams. The construction procedure is essentially algebraic and involves differentiations of the latter class of diagrams with respect to the field strength tensor and contractions with derivatives of the one-particle irreducible part of the Heisenberg-Euler effective Lagrangian in constant fields. Specific examples include the two-loop addendum to the Heisenberg-Euler effective action as well as a novel one-loop correction to the charged particle propagator in constant electromagnetic fields discovered recently. As an additional example, the approach devised in the present article is adopted to derive the tadpole contribution to the two-loop photon polarization tensor in constant fields for the first time.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures; v3: Eqs. (2) and (4) corrected by a factor of 1/2 missing in the previous and the published versions
Inferring work by quantum superposing forward and time-reversal evolutions
Creators: name: Rubino, Giulia
name: Manzano, Gonzalo
name: Rozema, Lee A.
name: Walther, Philip
name: Parrondo, Juan M. R.
name: Brukner, Časlav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of thermodynamic fluctuations allows one to relate the free energy difference between two equilibrium states with the work done on a system through processes far from equilibrium. This finding plays a crucial role in the quantum regime, where the definition of work becomes non-trivial. Based on these relations, here we develop a simple interferometric method allowing a direct estimation of the work distribution and the average dissipative work during a driven thermodynamic process by superposing the forward and time-reversal evolutions of the process. We show that our scheme provides useful upper bounds on the average dissipative work even without full control over the thermodynamic process, and we propose methodological variations depending on the possible experimental limitations encountered. Finally, we exemplify its applicability by an experimental proposal for implementing our method on a quantum photonics system, on which the thermodynamic process is performed through polarization rotations induced by liquid crystals acting in a discrete temporal regime.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures. Accepted version
Additional file 4: of Symbiont interactions with non-native hosts limit the formation of new symbioses
Creators: name: Niepoth, Natalie
name: Jacintha Ellers
name: Henry, Lee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Survival, reproduction and establishment of a Lotus pedunculatus strain of H. defensa in aphid clones from two different biotypes. All injected recipient clones were either naturally free of secondary symbionts or were selectively cured of their secondary symbionts (“c” prior to the clone number). (PDF 87 kb)
Stability of Schwarzschild singularity in non-local gravity
Creators: name: Calcagni, Gianluca
name: Modesto, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous work, it was shown that all Ricci-flat spacetimes are exact solutions for a large class of non-local gravitational theories. Here we prove that, for a subclass of non-local theories, the Schwarzschild singularity is stable under linear perturbations. Thus, non-locality may be not enough to cure all the singularities of general relativity. Finally, we show that the Schwarzschild solution can be generated by the gravitational collapse of a thin shell of radiation.
description: 5 pages. v2: new section on black-hole formation, minor typos corrected elsewhere, references added
Ground State Cooling of an Ultracoherent Electromechanical System
Creators: name: Seis, Yannick
name: Capelle, Thibault
name: Langman, Eric
name: Saarinen, Sampo
name: Planz, Eric
name: Schliesser, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cavity electromechanics relies on parametric coupling between microwave and mechanical modes to manipulate the mechanical quantum state, and provide a coherent interface between different parts of hybrid quantum systems. High coherence of the mechanical mode is of key importance in such applications, in order to protect the quantum states it hosts from thermal decoherence. Here, we introduce an electromechanical system based around a soft-clamped mechanical resonator with an extremely high Q-factor (>$10^9$) held at very low (30 mK) temperatures. This ultracoherent mechanical resonator is capacitively coupled to a microwave mode, strong enough to enable ground-state-cooling of the mechanics ($\bar{n}_\mathrm{min}= 0.76\pm 0.16$). This paves the way towards exploiting the extremely long coherence times ($t_\mathrm{coh}>100 ms) offered by such systems for quantum information processing and state conversion.
Additional file 1: of The use of complementary and alternative medicine by patients with cancer: a cross-sectional survey in Saudi Arabia
Creators: name: Khadega Abuelgasim
name: Alsharhan, Yousef
name: Alenzi, Tariq
name: Abdulaziz Alhazzani
name: Ali, Yosra
name: Jazieh, Abdul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Science Policy
Hematology
Computational Biology

description: A previously developed questionnaire used by Jazieh AR et al. (2012), which was based in Jazieh AR et al. (2004), was modified to include patients with hematological malignancies and those undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT), translated into Arabic and translated back to English for consistency. (DOCX 42 kb)
An ALMA Dynamical Mass Estimate of the Proposed Planetary-mass Companion FW Tau C
Creators: name: Wu, Ya-Lin
name: Sheehan, Patrick D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical mass estimates down to the planet-mass regime can help to understand planet formation. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm observations of FW Tau C, a proposed ~10 $M_{\rm Jup}$ planet-mass companion at ~330 au from the host binary FW Tau AB. We spatially and spectrally resolve the accretion disk of FW Tau C in ${}^{12}$CO (2-1). By modeling the Keplerian rotation of gas, we derive a dynamical mass of ~0.1 $M_\odot$. Therefore, FW Tau C is unlikely a planet, but rather a low-mass star with a highly inclined disk. This also suggests that FW Tau is a triple system consisting of three ~0.1 $M_\odot$ stars.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Additional file 1: of The impact of a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination campaign on routine primary health service provision and health workers in Tanzania: a controlled before and after study
Creators: name: Gallagher, Katherine
name: Tusajigwe Erio
name: Baisley, Kathy
name: Lees, Shelley
name: Watson-Jones, Deborah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S3. Key informant interview topic guide for health workers involved in HPV vaccination activities. The interview topic guide used for key informant interviews with health workers who were involved in the HPV vaccination campaign. (PDF 30Â kb)
Roland Walker- Behind Enemy Lines
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Roland Walker, was in the Durham Light Infantry he spoke fluent French and German. He was operating "behind enemy lines pretending to be French". Another of their group of men whe were also operating undercover in France must have been discovered as they had their"throats cut". Roland became a changed man after that.Roland was part of the Normandy Landings and Operation Market Garden during this period he kept a war diary where he recorded that when he approached a French family in a farmhouse to ask for food the German soldiers had convinced them that the British soldiers would kill them and they were terrified. Unusually a chicken attached himself to Roland as they went through Caen. After all the terrible things he must have seen his most vivid memory was of someone kicking over his cup of tea!
A gradient estimate for nonlocal minimal graphs
Creators: name: Cabre, Xavier
name: Cozzi, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the class of measurable functions defined in all of $\mathbb{R}^n$ that give rise to a nonlocal minimal graph over a ball of $\mathbb{R}^n$. We establish that the gradient of any such function is bounded in the interior of the ball by a power of its oscillation. This estimate, together with previously known results, leads to the $C^\infty$ regularity of the function in the ball. While the smoothness of nonlocal minimal graphs was known for $n = 1, 2$ (but without a quantitative bound), in higher dimensions only their continuity had been established. To prove the gradient bound, we show that the normal to a nonlocal minimal graph is a supersolution of a truncated fractional Jacobi operator, for which we prove a weak Harnack inequality. To this end, we establish a new universal fractional Sobolev inequality on nonlocal minimal surfaces. Our estimate provides an extension to the fractional setting of the celebrated gradient bounds of Finn and of Bombieri, De Giorgi & Miranda for solutions of the classical mean curvature equation.
description: To appear in Duke Math. J
Evacuation Chronicles: Christina Elliott's Journey through WWII
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Christina Elliott (nee Carter) was born in 1931 and was aged eight when the war started. She was evacuated with her cousin Joyce to a vicarage in Kendal with all her belongings in a pillowcase. She stayed with the vicar in a very large house with good food. After a year, she had to return home because her sister turned fourteen and had to start work. Unfortunately, the air raids on South Shields by then were very intense, so she returned back to the Lake District.This time she went to Thornthwaite Grange near Braithwaite with a wealthy family called Wilson, a local mine owner with his own chauffeur. Wolfram (Tungsten) and Shellite were mined, both essential to the war effort. Mr Wilson kindly left her £10 in his will. The local schoolteacher was less impressed by Christina and "kept her in because she couldn't find her sewing". She returned the second time because her hometown of South Shields was being heavily bombed at this time including several streets close to her mother's house and her mother was quite concerned for her safety.Most items were rationed during the war but being in the countryside had its benefits: "there was a farm next door and we used to go with the can and get the milk and they kept chickens." "They had an apple orchard", as shown in one of the photos. "We used to spend a lot of time on the hedges picking rose hips and they made the rose hips syrup with it." Though plentiful, the food wasn't always to her liking and breakfast consisted of: "Kippers and milk to drink!” Though food might be plentiful her education may have suffered because of the war: "I don't think I had an awful lot of education, really?" Christina remembered rationing carried on long after the war: "Well, when we were married, 1953, we were still were still on ration books."Because of the strategic importance of South Shields, it was expected to be heavily bombed, and plans were drawn up to evacuate an estimated 12,000 children in two days. Many children never left the town, some left and returned almost immediately and a few like Christina stayed for the full duration of the war. Hers was generally a positive evacuation experience, unlike her husband's!
Transitioning from file-based HPC workflows to streaming data pipelines with openPMD and ADIOS2
Creators: name: Poeschel, Franz
name: E, Juncheng
name: Godoy, William F.
name: Podhorszki, Norbert
name: Klasky, Scott
name: Eisenhauer, Greg
name: Davis, Philip E.
name: Wan, Lipeng
name: Gainaru, Ana
name: Gu, Junmin
name: Koller, Fabian
name: Widera, René
name: Bussmann, Michael
name: Huebl, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper aims to create a transition path from file-based IO to streaming-based workflows for scientific applications in an HPC environment. By using the openPMP-api, traditional workflows limited by filesystem bottlenecks can be overcome and flexibly extended for in situ analysis. The openPMD-api is a library for the description of scientific data according to the Open Standard for Particle-Mesh Data (openPMD). Its approach towards recent challenges posed by hardware heterogeneity lies in the decoupling of data description in domain sciences, such as plasma physics simulations, from concrete implementations in hardware and IO. The streaming backend is provided by the ADIOS2 framework, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This paper surveys two openPMD-based loosely-coupled setups to demonstrate flexible applicability and to evaluate performance. In loose coupling, as opposed to tight coupling, two (or more) applications are executed separately, e.g. in individual MPI contexts, yet cooperate by exchanging data. This way, a streaming-based workflow allows for standalone codes instead of tightly-coupled plugins, using a unified streaming-aware API and leveraging high-speed communication infrastructure available in modern compute clusters for massive data exchange. We determine new challenges in resource allocation and in the need of strategies for a flexible data distribution, demonstrating their influence on efficiency and scaling on the Summit compute system. The presented setups show the potential for a more flexible use of compute resources brought by streaming IO as well as the ability to increase throughput by avoiding filesystem bottlenecks.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, SMC2021, supplementary material at https://zenodo.org/record/4906276
Dynamic band structure tuning of graphene moiré superlattices with pressure
Creators: name: Yankowitz, Matthew
name: Jung, Jeil
name: Laksono, Evan
name: Leconte, Nicolas
name: Chittari, Bheema L.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Adam, Shaffique
name: Graf, David
name: Dean, Cory R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heterostructures of atomically-thin materials have attracted significant interest owing to their ability to host novel electronic properties fundamentally distinct from their constituent layers. In the case of graphene on boron nitride, the closely-matched lattices yield a moiré superlattice that modifies the graphene electron dispersion and opens gaps both at the primary Dirac point (DP) and the moiré-induced secondary Dirac point (SDP) in the valence band. While significant effort has focused on controlling the superlattice period via the rotational stacking order, the role played by the magnitude of the interlayer coupling has received comparatively little attention. Here, we modify the interaction between graphene and boron nitride by tuning their separation with hydrostatic pressure. We observe a dramatic enhancement of the DP gap with increasing pressure, but little change in the SDP gap. Our surprising results identify the critical role played by atomic-scale structural deformations of the graphene lattice and reveal new opportunities for band structure engineering in van der Waals heterostructures.
description: 26 Pages, 16 Figures. (v2) Main text and figures are updated
Inverse Design of Simple Pair Potentials for the Self-Assembly of Complex Structures
Creators: name: Adorf, Carl S.
name: Antonaglia, James
name: Dshemuchadse, Julia
name: Glotzer, Sharon C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The synthesis of complex materials through the self-assembly of particles at the nanoscale provides opportunities for the realization of novel material properties. However, the inverse design process to create experimentally feasible interparticle interaction strategies is uniquely challenging. Standard methods for the optimization of isotropic pair potentials tend toward overfitting, resulting in solutions with too many features and length scales that are challenging to map to mechanistic models. Here we introduce a method for the optimization of simple pair potentials that minimizes the relative entropy of the complex target structure while directly considering only those length scales most relevant for self-assembly. Our approach maximizes the relative information of a target pair distribution function with respect to an ansatz distribution function via an iterative update process. During this process, we filter high frequencies from the Fourier spectrum of the pair potential, resulting in interaction potentials that are smoother and simpler in real space, and therefore likely easier to make. We show that pair potentials obtained by this method assemble their target structure more robustly with respect to optimization method parameters than potentials optimized without filtering.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Weakly-Supervised Object Detection Learning through Human-Robot Interaction
Creators: name: Maiettini, Elisa
name: Tikhanoff, Vadim
name: Natale, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reliable perception and efficient adaptation to novel conditions are priority skills for humanoids that function in dynamic environments. The vast advancements in latest computer vision research, brought by deep learning methods, are appealing for the robotics community. However, their adoption in applied domains is not straightforward since adapting them to new tasks is strongly demanding in terms of annotated data and optimization time. Nevertheless, robotic platforms, and especially humanoids, present opportunities (such as additional sensors and the chance to explore the environment) that can be exploited to overcome these issues. In this paper, we present a pipeline for efficiently training an object detection system on a humanoid robot. The proposed system allows to iteratively adapt an object detection model to novel scenarios, by exploiting: (i) a teacher-learner pipeline, (ii) weakly supervised learning techniques to reduce the human labeling effort and (iii) an on-line learning approach for fast model re-training. We use the R1 humanoid robot for both testing the proposed pipeline in a real-time application and acquire sequences of images to benchmark the method. We made the code of the application publicly available.
Additional file 3: of Symbiont interactions with non-native hosts limit the formation of new symbioses
Creators: name: Niepoth, Natalie
name: Jacintha Ellers
name: Henry, Lee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Survival, reproduction, and establishment of H. defensa strains in different host aphid clones. Aphids that have been cured of H. defensa have a “c” prior to the clone number. (PDF 85 kb)
Coexistence of antiferromagnetism and topological superconductivity on the honeycomb lattice Hubbard model
Creators: name: Qi, Yang
name: Fu, Liang
name: Sun, Kai
name: Gu, Zhengcheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent numerical simulations for doped $t$-$J$ model on the honeycomb lattice, we study superconductivity of singlet and triplet pairing on the honeycomb lattice Hubbard model. We show that a superconducting state with coexisting spin-singlet and spin-triplet pairings is induced by the antiferromagnetic order near half filling. The superconducting state we obtain has a topological phase transition that separates a topologically trivial state and a nontrivial state with Chern number two. Possible experimental realization of such a topological superconductivity is also discussed.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures. Updated to the published version
Additional file 2: of Symbiont interactions with non-native hosts limit the formation of new symbioses
Creators: name: Niepoth, Natalie
name: Jacintha Ellers
name: Henry, Lee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Production of artificial infection treatments by microinjection of H. defensa-containing hemolymph from two donor aphid clones into three symbiont-free recipient aphid clones, named according to their host plant (L. pedunculatus, M. sativa, or O. spinosa), producing two native symbiont strain by host aphid clone associations (“native”) and four non-native associations (“non-native”), plus three control treatments of recipient clones injected with hemolymph from a single M. sativa clone that had been cured of H. defensa (“control”). (PDF 54 kb)
Finite-size effects in a nanowire strongly coupled to a thin superconducting shell
Creators: name: Reeg, Christopher
name: Loss, Daniel
name: Klinovaja, Jelena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the proximity effect in a one-dimensional nanowire strongly coupled to a finite superconductor with a characteristic size which is much shorter than its coherence length. Such geometries have become increasingly relevant in recent years in the experimental search for Majorana fermions with the development of thin epitaxial Al shells which form a very strong contact with either InAs or InSb nanowires. So far, however, no theoretical treatment of the proximity effect in these systems has accounted for the finite size of the superconducting film. We show that the finite-size effects become very detrimental when the level spacing of the superconductor greatly exceeds its energy gap. Without any fine-tuning of the size of the superconductor (on the scale of the Fermi wavelength), the tunneling energy scale must be larger than the level spacing in order to reach the hard gap regime which is seen ubiquitously in the experiments. However, in this regime, the large tunneling energy scale induces a large shift in the effective chemical potential of the nanowire and pushes the topological phase transition to magnetic field strengths which exceed the critical field of Al.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
D2.3 - Website with data information, description of available and emerging web services and user client to find data regardless their location and regular updates on datasets that have been FAIRified
Creators: name: Godøy, Øystein
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: deliverable

description: The Arctic PASSION project is described in more detail in the project website which is available at https://arcticpassion.eu/. The purpose of Arctic PASSION is creation and implementation of a coherent, integrated Arctic observing system. This implies integrating already existing observing systems in a system of systems approach as well addressing gaps in the current observing system. Arctic PASSION will generate data through the project implementation, but equally important is to map and establish access to already existing datasets in support of the pilot services and other activities of Arctic PASSION.

Arctic PASSION will exploit existing data in the region. In particular operational meteorological data made available through WMO Global Telecommunication System (GTS) will be important for the model experiments. No full overview of third party data that will be used is currently available.

In order to support the other work packages and the overall objective of Arctic PASSION, a website containing a human interface to the data catalogue and guidance material for data providers is established. This document provides information on the website.
Additional file 2: of Epidemiologic analysis of respiratory viral infections among Singapore military servicemen in 2016
Creators: name: Yuk-Fai Lau
name: Wee-Hong Koh
name: Kan, Clement
name: Poh-Choo Dua
name: Ai-Sim Lim
name: Chin-Wen Liaw
name: Qiu-Han Gao
name: Chng, Jeremiah
name: Lee, Vernon
name: Boon-Huan Tan
name: Jin-Phang Loh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: FRI and ARI samples with 4 or 5 pathogens detected. (PDF 30Â kb)
Dyonic configurations in nonlinear electrodynamics coupled to general relativity
Creators: name: Bronnikov, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider static, spherically symmetric configurations in general relativity, supported by nonlinear electromagnetic fields with gauge-invariant Lagrangians depending on the single invariant $f = F_{μν} F^{μν}$. After a brief review on black hole (BH) and solitonic solutions, obtained so far with pure electric or magnetic fields, an attempt is made to obtain dyonic solutions, those with both electric and magnetic charges. A general scheme is suggested, leading to solutions in quadratures for an arbitrary Lagrangian function $L(f)$ (up to some monotonicity restrictions); such solutions are expressed in terms of $f$ as a new radial coordinate instead of the usual coordinate $r$. For the truncated Born-Infeld theory (depending on the invariant $f$ only), a general dyonic solution is obtained in terms of $r$. A feature of interest in this solution is the existence of a special case with a self-dual electromagnetic field, $f \equiv 0$ and the Reissner-Nordström metric.
description: 6 two-column pages, no figures
Fixed point behavior of cumulants in the three-dimensional Ising universality class
Creators: name: Pan, Xue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-order cumulants and factorial cumulants of conserved charges are suggested to study the critical dynamics in heavy-ion collision experiments. In this paper, using the parametric representation of the three-dimensional Ising model which is believed to belong to the same universality class with the Quantum chromo-dynamics, temperature dependence of the second- to fourth-order (factorial) cumulants of the order parameter is studied. It is found that the values of the normalized cumulants are independent of the external magnetic field at the critical temperature, which results in a fixed point in the temperature dependence of the normalized cumulants. In finite-size systems simulated by Monte Carlo method, the fixed point behavior still exists at the temperature near the critical one. The fixed point behavior is also appeared in the temperature dependence of normalized factorial cumulants at least from the fourth-order one. With a mapping from the Ising model to QCD, the fixed point behavior is also found in the energy dependence of the normalized cumulants (or fourth-order factorial cumulants) along different freeze-out curves.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Tensorial Gross-Neveu models
Creators: name: Benedetti, Dario
name: Carrozza, Sylvain
name: Gurau, Razvan
name: Sfondrini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define and study various tensorial generalizations of the Gross-Neveu model in two dimensions, that is, models with four-fermion interactions and $G^3$ symmetry, where we take either $G=U(N)$ or $G=O(N)$. Such models can also be viewed as two-dimensional generalizations of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, or more precisely of its tensorial counterpart introduced by Klebanov and Tarnopolsky, which is in part our motivation for studying them. Using the Schwinger-Dyson equations at large-$N$, we discuss the phenomenon of dynamical mass generation and possible combinations of couplings to avoid it. For the case $G=U(N)$, we introduce an intermediate field representation and perform a stability analysis of the vacua. It turns out that the only apparently viable combination of couplings that avoids mass generation corresponds to an unstable vacuum. The stable vacuum breaks $U(N)^3$ invariance, in contradiction with the Coleman-Mermin-Wagner theorem, but this is an artifact of the large-$N$ expansion, similar to the breaking of continuous chiral symmetry in the chiral Gross-Neveu model.
description: 45 pages, 9 figures; v2: new discussion of beta function and IR fixed point in d=2-\epsilon (section 3.2 and appendix C), minor corrections, and references added; v3: minor corrections (mainly concerning figures 3 and 4)
A Point-to-Distribution Joint Geometry and Color Metric for Point Cloud Quality Assessment
Creators: name: Javaheri, Alireza
name: Brites, Catarina
name: Pereira, Fernando
name: Ascenso, João
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Point clouds (PCs) are a powerful 3D visual representation paradigm for many emerging application domains, especially virtual and augmented reality, and autonomous vehicles. However, the large amount of PC data required for highly immersive and realistic experiences requires the availability of efficient, lossy PC coding solutions are critical. Recently, two MPEG PC coding standards have been developed to address the relevant application requirements and further developments are expected in the future. In this context, the assessment of PC quality, notably for decoded PCs, is critical and asks for the design of efficient objective PC quality metrics. In this paper, a novel point-to-distribution metric is proposed for PC quality assessment considering both the geometry and texture. This new quality metric exploits the scale-invariance property of the Mahalanobis distance to assess first the geometry and color point-to-distribution distortions, which are after fused to obtain a joint geometry and color quality metric. The proposed quality metric significantly outperforms the best PC quality assessment metrics in the literature.
description: This paper has been accepted for publication in IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing
Chiral discrimination by polarization singularities of a metal sphere
Creators: name: Jia, Shiqi
name: Peng, Jie
name: Cheng, Yuqiong
name: Wang, Shubo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The practical applications of chiral discrimination are usually limited by the weak chiral response of enantiomers and the high complexity of detection methods. Here, we propose to use the C lines (i.e., lines of polarization singularities) emerged in light scattering by a metal sphere to detect small chiral particles. Using full-wave numerical simulations and analytical multipole expansions, we determined the absorption dissymmetry of deep-subwavelength helices (i.e., chiral particles) at different positions on the C lines. We find that the absorption dissymmetry can be much larger than that induced by circularly polarized plane wave excitation, and it can be attributed to the asymmetric absorption of the induced electric and magnetic dipoles. We also show that the absorption dissymmetry strongly depends on the anisotropy of the helices. The results may find applications in optical manipulations, optical sensing, and chiral quantum optics.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Predicting ground-state configurations and electronic properties of the thermoelectric clathrates Ba$_{8}$Al$_{x}$Si$_{46-x}$ and Sr$_{8}$Al$_{x}$Si$_{46-x}$
Creators: name: Troppenz, Maria
name: Rigamonti, Santiago
name: Draxl, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structural and electronic properties of the clathrate compounds Ba$_{8}$Al$_{x}$Si$_{46-x}$ and Sr$_{8}$Al$_{x}$Si$_{46-x}$ are studied from first principles, considering an Al content $x$ between 6 and 16. Due to the large number of possible substitutional configurations we make use of a special iterative cluster-expansion approach, to predict ground states and quasi-degenerate structures in a highly efficient way. These are found from a simulated annealing technique where millions of configurations are sampled. For both compounds, we find a linear increase of the lattice constant with the number of Al substituents, confirming experimental observations for Ba$_{8}$Al$_{x}$Si$_{46-x}$. Also the calculated bond distances between high-symmetry sites agree well with experiment for the full compositional range. For $x$ being below 16, all configurations are metallic for both materials. At the charge-balanced composition ($x=16$), the substitutional ordering leads to a metal-semiconductor transition, and the ground states of Ba$_{8}$Al$_{16}$Si$_{30}$ and Sr$_{8}$Al$_{16}$Si$_{30}$ exhibit indirect Kohn-Sham band gaps of 0.36 and 0.30 eV, respectively, while configurations higher in energy are metals. The finding of semiconducting behavior is a promising result in view of exploiting these materials in thermoelectric applications.
description: 9 figures
Decoupling of translational and rotational diffusion in quasi-2D colloidal fluids
Creators: name: Vivek, Skanda
name: Weeks, Eric R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe the translational and rotational diffusion of dimer tracer particles in quasi-2D colloidal samples. The dimers are in dense samples of two different sizes of spherical colloidal particles, with the area fraction $ϕ$ of the particles varying from dilute to nearly glassy. At low $ϕ$ rotational and translational diffusion have a ratio set by the dimer size, as expected. At higher $ϕ$ dimers become caged by their neighboring particles, and both rotational and translational diffusion slow. For short dimers we observe rapid reorientations so that the rotational diffusion is faster than translational diffusion: the two modes of diffusion are decoupled and have different $ϕ$ dependence. Longer dimers do not exhibit fast rotations, and we find translational and rotational diffusion stay coupled for all $ϕ$. Our results bridge prior results that used spheres (very fast rotation) and long ellipsoids (very slow rotation).
Recombinant expression of Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 glutathione S-transferase in Arabidopsis thaliana: an efficient tool for phytoremediation of thiocyanate
Creators: name: Gao, Jian-Jie
name: Zhang, Ling
name: Peng, Ri-He
name: Wang, Bo
name: Feng, Hui-Juan
name: Li, Zhen-Jun
name: Yao, Quan-Hong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Large-scale production of thiocyanate (SCN-) for industrial purposes has led to widespread environmental pollution by this compound. Thiocyanate (SCN-) is toxic for humans and recalcitrant to biological oxygenation and hydrolysis. Phytoremediation is an effective technique for disposal of SCN- because thiocyanate (SCN-) can be assimilated by many plants from contaminated water and soil. In this study, we demonstrate that Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 glutathione S-transferase (TeGST) is a good candidate gene for enhancing phytoremediation of thiocyanate (SCN-) in the plant. Our study demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana introduced with the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene were able to germinate and grow in a medium containing 5 mmol L−1 thiocyanate (SCN-), which was lethal for wild-type plants. Moreover, the GST can confer the capacity of plants to remove more thiocyanate in vivo. Our results suggest that grafting the T. elongatus BP-1 glutathione S-transferase (TeGST) gene into plants is a potentially effective strategy to enhance phytoremediation of environmental thiocyanates. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the degradation of guanidine isothiocyanate by transgenic plants.
Additional file 1: of Symbiont interactions with non-native hosts limit the formation of new symbioses
Creators: name: Niepoth, Natalie
name: Jacintha Ellers
name: Henry, Lee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Diagnostic symbiont species-specific primer sequences. (PDF 70Â kb)
Active Perception for Ambiguous Objects Classification
Creators: name: Safronov, Evgenii
name: Piga, Nicola
name: Colledanchise, Michele
name: Natale, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent visual pose estimation and tracking solutions provide notable results on popular datasets such as T-LESS and YCB. However, in the real world, we can find ambiguous objects that do not allow exact classification and detection from a single view. In this work, we propose a framework that, given a single view of an object, provides the coordinates of a next viewpoint to discriminate the object against similar ones, if any, and eliminates ambiguities. We also describe a complete pipeline from a real object's scans to the viewpoint selection and classification. We validate our approach with a Franka Emika Panda robot and common household objects featured with ambiguities. We released the source code to reproduce our experiments.
description: Accepted version at 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2021)
Cosmological Perturbation Theory Using the FFTLog: Formalism and Connection to QFT Loop Integrals
Creators: name: Simonović, Marko
name: Baldauf, Tobias
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
name: Carrasco, John Joseph
name: Kollmeier, Juna A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method for calculating loops in cosmological perturbation theory. This method is based on approximating a $Λ$CDM-like cosmology as a finite sum of complex power-law universes. The decomposition is naturally achieved using an FFTLog algorithm. For power-law cosmologies, all loop integrals are formally equivalent to loop integrals of massless quantum field theory. These integrals have analytic solutions in terms of generalized hypergeometric functions. We provide explicit formulae for the one-loop and the two-loop power spectrum and the one-loop bispectrum. A chief advantage of our approach is that the difficult part of the calculation is cosmology independent, need be done only once, and can be recycled for any relevant predictions. Evaluation of standard loop diagrams then boils down to a simple matrix multiplication. We demonstrate the promise of this method for applications to higher multiplicity/loop correlation functions.
description: 42 pages, 12 figures
Large Deviations of Semi-supervised Learning in the Stochastic Block Model
Creators: name: Cui, Hugo
name: Saglietti, Luca
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In community detection on graphs, the semi-supervised learning problem entails inferring the ground-truth membership of each node in a graph, given the connectivity structure and a limited number of revealed node labels. Different subsets of revealed labels can in principle lead to higher or lower information gains and induce different reconstruction accuracies. In the framework of the dense stochastic block model, we employ statistical physics methods to derive a large deviation analysis for this problem, in the high-dimensional limit. This analysis allows the characterization of the fluctuations around the typical behaviour, capturing the effect of correlated label choices and yielding an estimate of their informativeness and their rareness among subsets of the same size. We find theoretical evidence of a non-monotonic relationship between reconstruction accuracy and the free energy associated to the posterior measure of the inference problem. We further discuss possible implications for active learning applications in community detection.
Reservoir engineering of bosonic lattices using chiral symmetry and localized dissipation
Creators: name: Yanay, Yariv
name: Clerk, Aashish A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how a generalized kind of chiral symmetry can be used to construct highly-efficient reservoir engineering protocols for bosonic lattices. These protocols exploit only a single squeezed reservoir coupled to a single lattice site; this is enough to stabilize the entire system in a pure, entangled steady state. Our approach is applicable to lattices in any dimension, and does not rely on translational invariance. We show how the relevant symmetry operation directly determines the real space correlation structure in the steady state, and give several examples that are within reach in several one and two dimensional quantum photonic platforms.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Linking surface air temperature changes to a slowing AMOC in a multimodel approach
Creators: name: Devilliers, Marion
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Abstrac: The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key regulator of global climate, and its potential slowdown due to anthropogenic forcing poses significant risks to climate stability. This study analyzes global and regional surface air temperature (SAT) changes associated with AMOC variability using an ensemble of CMIP6 climate models. We investigate regional warming patterns over the Atlantic and Arctic in relation to AMOC fluctuations and examine how these patterns evolve under different global warming levels. While our analysis identifies correlations between AMOC variability and SAT changes, it does not establish concrete early-warning signals or tipping points but lays the groundwork for future research. Future work will focus on assessing potential \textbf{precursors of AMOC weakening} through detailed lagged correlation and trend analyses.