cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hydromagnetic Instabilities in Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Lasky, Paul D.
name: Zink, Burkhard
name: Kokkotas, Kostas D.
name: Glampedakis, Kostas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the non-linear ideal magnetohydrodynamics of poloidal magnetic fields in neutron stars in general relativity assuming a polytropic equation of state. We identify familiar hydromagnetic modes, in particular the 'sausage/varicose' mode and 'kink' instability inherent to poloidal magnetic fields. The evolution is dominated by the kink instability, which causes a cataclysmic reconfiguration of the magnetic field. The system subsequently evolves to new, non-axisymmetric, quasi-equilibrium end-states. The existence of this branch of stable quasi-equilibria may have consequences for magnetar physics, including flare generation mechanisms and interpretations of quasi-periodic oscillations.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL. Movies of the simulations can be seen at http://www.tat.physik.uni-tuebingen.de/~tat/grmhd/
Direct observation of avalanche scintillations in a THGEM-based two-phase Ar avalanche detector using Geiger-mode APD
Creators: name: Bondar, A.
name: Buzulutskov, A.
name: Grebenuk, A.
name: Sokolov, A.
name: Akimov, D.
name: Alexandrov, I.
name: Breskin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel concept of optical signal recording in two-phase avalanche detectors, with Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiodes (G-APD) is described. Avalanche-scintillation photons were measured in a thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) in view of potential applications in rare-event experiments. The effective detection of avalanche scintillations in THGEM holes has been demonstrated in two-phase Ar with a bare G-APD without wavelength shifter, i.e. insensitive to VUV emission of Ar. At gas-avalanche gain of 400 and under \pm 70^\circ viewing-angle, the G-APD yielded 640 photoelectrons (pe) per 60 keV X-ray converted in liquid Ar; this corresponds to 0.7 pe per initial (prior to multiplication) electron. The avalanche-scintillation light yield measured by the G-APD was about 0.7 pe per avalanche electron, extrapolated to 4pi acceptance. The avalanche scintillations observed occurred presumably in the near infrared (NIR) where G-APDs may have high sensitivity. The measured scintillation yield is similar to that observed by others in the VUV. Other related topics discussed in this work are the G-APD's single-pixel and quenching resistor characteristics at cryogenic temperatures.
description: 21 pages, 18 figures. Submitted to JINST
title: ÐÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ° ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÑÑÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÑÐºÐ° Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ° ÐÐ-28Ñ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: the assessment of the cyclic strength of the tube bundle of the steam generator PG-28Ñ
Creators: name: ÐÐ³Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ, Ð®Ð»Ð¸Ñ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð²
ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
ÑÑÑÐ±Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð¿ÑÑÐ¾Ðº
ÑÑÐ±Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ
Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
finite element method
cyclic strength
tube bundle
submodel
stress intensity

description: Ð Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ ÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÑÐºÐ° Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ°. ÐÐµÑÐ²Ð¾Ð½Ð°ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¾ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð³ÐµÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð° ÑÑÐ±Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ, Ð² ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ðµ ÑÑÐ±Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð° Ð²Ð·ÑÑÐ° Ð¿Ð»ÐµÑÑ ÑÑÑÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÑÐºÐ°, ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð· Ð¿ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÑÑÐ±Ð¾Ðº. ÐÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾-ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð° ANSYS Ð±ÑÐ» Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑ, Ð² ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐµ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹. ÐÐ¾ÑÐ»Ðµ ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð·Ð°Ð½ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Â«Ð¦Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ°Â», Ð² ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð¹ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÑÐ·Ð¾Ðº Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐ¼Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¶Ð´Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸.
description: In this paper, the calculation of the cyclic strength of the tube bundle of the steam generator is carried out. Initially, the geometry was simplified and a submodel was created, a lash of a tube bundle consisting of five tubes was taken as a submodel. With the help of the ANSYS finite element analysis program, a calculation was carried out, as a result of which the stress distribution was obtained. After that, the obtained stress values were entered into the "Cyclica" program, in which cyclic load graphs were formed and the values of total damage were obtained.
Economic impact of cholera in households in rural southern Malawi: a prospective study
Creators: name: Hsiao, Amber
name: Ramani, Enusa
name: Seo, Hye-Jin
name: Pak, GiDeok
name: Vuntade, Dan
name: M’bang’ombe, Maurice
name: Ngwira, Bagrey
name: Quentin, Wilm
name: Marks, Florian
name: Mogasale, Vittal
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: public health
subject: health economics
subject: health policy
subject: economics

description: Introduction: Cholera remains a significant contributor to diarrhoeal illness, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Few studies have estimated the cost of illness (COI) of cholera in Malawi, a cholera-endemic country. The present study estimated the COI of cholera in Nsanje, southern Malawi, as part of the Cholera Surveillance in Malawi (CSIMA) programme following a mass cholera vaccination campaign in 2015. Methods: Patients ≥12 months of age who were recruited as part of CSIMA were invited to participate in the COI survey. The COI tool captured household components of economic burden, including direct medical and non-medical costs, and indirect lost productivity costs. Results: Between April 2016 and March 2020, 40 cholera cases were enrolled in the study, all of whom participated in the COI survey. Only two patients had any direct medical costs and five patients reported lost wages due to illness. The COI per patient was US$14.34 (in 2020), more than half of which was from direct non-medical costs from food, water, and transportation to the health centre. Conclusion: For the majority of Malawians who struggle to subsist on less than US$2 a day, the COI of cholera represents a significant cost burden to families. While cholera treatment is provided for free in government-run health centres, additional investments in cholera control and prevention at the community level and financial support beyond direct medical costs may be necessary to alleviate the economic burden of cholera on households in southern Malawi.
Intentional and unintentional injuries : an analysis of child and youth injuries as body, mind, and context for the determination of intent
Creators: name: Flores De La Parra, Jessica P.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: This study involved the analysis of child and youth injury-event descriptions that were provided by adult household members to the USA’s National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) during 2006-2010. The goal was to see if and how injury-events were described differently by injury-event type (intentional vs. unintentional) and point-of-view (parent vs. non-parent) based on linguistic features, and to note whether such features were an expression of experiential and interpersonal processes from the physical, psychological, or contextual domains. The linguistic analyses also included a query of proxy estimates of deceit to allow for the tracing of potential covert mentions of awareness intent. Findings from this study indicated that the language-use patterns for intentional injury-event descriptions included greater linguistic detail that set them apart from other types of injury-event descriptions, including unintentional, and were more similar to non-parent provided injury-event descriptions. The same was the case for the trialed proxy estimates of deceit. The utility of identifying language-use patterns provides added means to inform the eventual development of a supplementary intentional injury query rubric for use by helping professionals –alongside their existing practice– in disciplines that have an intentional injury intervention and prevention mandate. It is anticipated that the proposed linguistic method of inquiry will contribute to filling the knowledge gap noted in the intentional maltreatment injury (IMI) literature concerning the need to make more accurate the complex process of determination of intent when children and youths present with an intentional injury that is not visibly obvious or severe, and the injury-event is described as if it was unintentional.
title: Concept of mwt m wHm: Posthumous Punishment and Death
Creators: name: Reinhold, K
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2525

description: This thesis is a study of the concept of mwt m wHm, a phrase that is encountered on rather limited occasions in the Coffin Texts and in the Book of the Dead. mwt m wHm is a phrase that is often referred to as ‘second death’ by the Egyptologists. However, the concept of mwt m wHm has received comparatively little attention. This thesis analyses the occurrences of all the attestations collected for this study, covering the time period of the Middle Kingdom to the end of the New Kingdom. It is this timeframe during which mwt m wHm first appears and develops. Comparative material has been used from the Old Kingdom Pyramid Texts to present potential development of the concept, as well as from the time period after New Kingdom to demonstrate continuity, while strongly been influenced by foreign cultures. Due to the limitation of the available references to the phrase mwt m wHm and the limited context of these attestations, a further research into posthumous punishment was required to determine the underlying concept of mwt m wHm. The aim of this thesis is to provide an in-depth insight into the phrase mwt m wHm and to further understand the idea of posthumous punishment and potential death. This is achieved through the study of explicit usages of mwt mw wHm in the primary sources, and through the underworld images and themes; such as the places of punishment, the agents of punishment and the manner of punishment, all which are presented outside the core texts that explicitly mention the phrase mwt m wHm.
Non-linear QCD dynamics and exclusive production
Creators: name: Machado, M. V. T.
name: Goncalves, V. P.
name: Meneses, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution we analyse the cross sections for the exclusive vector meson production as well as the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) relying on the color dipole approach and considering the numerical solution of the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation including running coupling corrections. Comparisons to DESY-HERA data on exclusive processes and predictions to the Large Hadron Electron Collider, LHeC, are presented.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. Talk presented by M.V.T. Machado and to appear in the proceedings of 35th International Conference on High Energy Physics, (ICHEP 2010), Paris, France, July 22-28, 2010
Effect of corruption on perceived difficulties in healthcare access in sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Hsiao, Amber
name: Vogt, Verena
name: Quentin, Wilm
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: sub-Saharan African
subject: healthcare access

description: Background Achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by improving financial protection and effective service coverage is target 3.8 of the Sustainable Development Goals. Little is known, however, about the extent to which paying bribes within healthcare acts as a financial barrier to access and, thus, UHC. Methods Using survey data in adults from 32 sub-Saharan African countries in 2014–2015, we constructed a multilevel model to evaluate the relationship between paying bribes and reported difficulties of obtaining medical care. We controlled for individual-, region-, and country-level variables. Results Having paid bribes for medical care significantly increased the odds of reporting difficulties in obtaining care by 4.11 (CI: 3.70–4.57) compared to those who never paid bribes, and more than doubled for those who paid bribes often (OR = 9.52; 95% CI: 7.77–11.67). Respondents with higher levels of education and more lived poverty also had increased odds. Those who lived in rural areas or within walking distance to a health clinic had reduced odds of reporting difficulties. Sex, age, living in a capital region, healthcare expenditures per capita, and country Corruption Perception Index were not significant predictors. Conclusions We found that bribery in healthcare is a significant barrier to healthcare access, negatively affecting the potential of African countries to make progress toward UHC. Future increases in health expenditures—which are needed in many countries to achieve UHC—should be accompanied by greater efforts to fight corruption in order to avoid wasting money. Measuring and tracking health sector-specific corruption is critical for progress toward UHC.
Scalar-Tensor Theory of Gravity and Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics on the Event Horizon
Creators: name: Mazumder, Nairwita
name: Chakraborty, Subenoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In blackhole physics, the second law of thermodynamics is generally valid whether the blackhole is a static or a non-static one. Considering the universe as a thermodynamical system the second law of blackhole dynamics extends to the non-negativity of the sum of the entropy of the matter and the horizon, known as generalized second law of thermodynamics(GSLT). Here, we have assumed the universe to be bounded by the event-horizon or filled with perfect fluid and holographic dark energy in two cases. Thus considering entropy to be an arbitrary function of the area of the event-horizon, we have tried to find the conditions and the restrictions over the scalar field and equation of state for the validity of the GSLT and both in quintessence-era and in phantom-era in scalar tensor theory.
description: 8 pages
Decision attributes for disaster recovery planning of transportation networks; A case study
Creators: name: Zamanifar, Milad
name: Hartmann, Timo
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: decision attribute
subject: disaster
subject: recovery
subject: transportation network

description: This paper implements a structured framework to suggest decision attributes of transportation network disaster recovery planning. For this purpose, we collected 57 decision attributes from the relevant literature and experts’ opinions. Following a framework with three sequential evaluation stages, decision-makers systematically assessed the attributes based on each evaluation stage’s specific criteria. Thereafter, we aggregated the decision-makers’ input values using a combination of compensatory and non-compensatory Multi-Attribute Decision-Making techniques. Results offer a ranked list of attributes and a recommended set of attributes for Tehran’s road network as our case study. The findings suggest six attributes to be included in road network disaster recovery planning as 1) access level to service-providing nodes, 2) integration of link travel delay and traffic flow, 3) travel time improvement per recovery duration, 4) travel time improvement per resources, 5) centrality measures, and 6) link capacity. However, the recommended attributes are valid only when they remain as a set. Results contribute to the existing knowledge about concerns and values in the reconstruction and recovery of transportation networks after disasters. Transportation network planners and disaster managers can use the recommended attributes as key factors for post-disaster decision support systems or for evaluating available disaster resiliency plans. Additionally, future research can adopt this research outcome as an input for the problem-structuring phase of disaster recovery models.
N=1 vacua in Exceptional Generalized Geometry
Creators: name: Graña, Mariana
name: Orsi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study N=1 Minkowski vacua in compactifications of type II string theory in the language of exceptional generalized geometry (EGG). We find the differential equations governing the EGG analogues of the pure spinors of generalized complex geometry, namely the structures which parameterize the vector and hypermultiplet moduli spaces of the effective four-dimensional N=2 supergravity obtained after compactification. In order to do so, we identify a twisted differential operator that contains NS and RR fluxes and transforms covariantly under the U-duality group, E7(7). We show that the conditions for N=1 vacua correspond to a subset of the structures being closed under the twisted derivative.
Factor Intensity and the Changing Commodity Composition of U.S. Agricultural Trade
Creators: name: Lee, Chinkook
name: Robinson, Michelle
name: Lee, Chinkook
name: Robinson, Michelle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Input-output
subject: factor intensity
subject: intra-industry trade

description: This report uses the 1977 and the recently released 1982 national Input-Output (I/O) accounts of the U.S. economy to examine factor intensities and associated patterns of U.S. agricultural trade. U.S. agricultural exports were found to be more land-intensive than U.S. agricultural imports. However, the commodity composition of these exports tends to change as the income of importing countries changes. Furthermore, the more similar the countries that import from the United States are, in terms of economic factors, and the higher their incomes, the greater the likelihood of intra-industry, or two-way, trade in high-value commodities such as meat products and fruits and vegetables.
Spectral components in the bright, long GRB 061007: properties of the photosphere and the nature of the outflow
Creators: name: Larsson, J.
name: Ryde, F.
name: Lundman, C.
name: McGlynn, S.
name: Larsson, S.
name: Yamaoka, M. Ohno. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a time-resolved spectral analysis of the bright, long GRB 061007 (z=1.261) using Swift BAT and Suzaku WAM data. We find that the prompt emission of GRB 061007 can be equally well explained by a photospheric component together with a power law as by a Band function, and we explore the implications of the former model. The photospheric component, which we model with a multicolour blackbody, dominates the emission and has a very stable shape throughout the burst. This component provides a natural explanation for the hardness-intensity correlation seen within the burst and also allows us to estimate the bulk Lorentz factor and the radius of the photosphere. The power-law component dominates the fit at high energies and has a nearly constant slope of -1.5. We discuss the possibility that this component is of the same origin as the high-energy power laws recently observed in some Fermi LAT bursts.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: ÐÑÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð½ÐµÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ±Ð½ÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð·
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Overcoming inconformity of commission and comprehensive forensic engineering examinations
Creators: name: ÐÐ°Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð°, ÐÐ²Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2022
Subjects: ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð·Ñ
ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð·Ñ
Ð½ÐµÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð·
Ð¸Ð½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾-ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð·Ñ
commission examinations
comprehensive examinations
non-conformity examinations
engineering and technical examinations

description: Ð Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾-ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð·. ÐÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. ÐÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð°ÐºÑÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð·, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ.
description: In this paper, the concepts of complex and commission engineering and technical expertise are given. The analysis of the grounds for their appointment was carried out. The analysis of urgent problems of complex and commission engineering expertise is carried out, and possible ways of their solution are proposed.
Short-time dynamics and critical behavior of three-dimensional site-diluted Ising model
Creators: name: Prudnikov, Pavel V.
name: Prudnikov, Vladimir V.
name: Krinitsyn, Aleksandr S.
name: Vakilov, Andrei N.
name: Pospelov, Evgenii A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monte Carlo simulations of the short-time dynamic behavior are reported for three-dimensional weakly site-diluted Ising model with spin concentrations $p=0.95$ and 0.8 at criticality. In contrast to studies of the critical behavior of the pure systems by the short-time dynamics method, our investigations of site-diluted Ising model have revealed three stages of the dynamic evolution characterizing a crossover phenomenon from the critical behavior typical for the pure systems to behavior determined by the influence of disorder. The static and dynamic critical exponents are determined with the use of the corrections to scaling for systems starting separately from ordered and disordered initial states. The obtained values of the exponents demonstrate a universal behavior of weakly site-diluted Ising model in the critical region. The values of the exponents are compared to results of numerical simulations which have been obtained in various works and, also, with results of the renormalization-group description of this model.
description: 11 RevTeX pages, 7 figures
title: Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° Ð°Ð»Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¼Ð° Ð¸ÐµÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð±Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð°ÑÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð³ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¸
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Dvelopment of an hierarchical biclustering algorithm of gene expression data
Creators: name: ÐÐ»ÐµÐ²ÐµÑÐ¾Ð², ÐÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¼
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2019
Subjects: ÐÐ»Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¼Ñ
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description: In this work a novel hierarchical biclustering algorithm of gene expression data based on gene functional similarity is introduced. Gene similarity is calculated in accordance with new proposed semantic similarity measure of Gene Ontology terms. In addition, we researched biological validation procedures and demonstrate significant improvement in the quality of dataset division in comparing with other popular algorithms.
Multi-fold Enhancement of Quantum Dot Luminescence in a Plasmonic Metamaterial
Creators: name: Tanaka, K.
name: Plum, E.
name: Ou, J. Y.
name: Uchino, T.
name: Zheludev, N. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report that hybridizing semiconductor quantum dots with plasmonic metamaterial leads to a multi-fold intensity increase and narrowing of their photoluminescence spectrum. The luminescence enhancement is a clear manifestation of the cavity quantum electrodynamics Purcell effect that can be controlled by the metamaterial's design. This observation is an essential step towards understanding loss compensation in metamaterials with gain media and for developing metamaterial-enhanced gain media.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Totality of Subquantum Nonlocal Correlations
Creators: name: Khrennikov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a series of previous papers we developed a purely field model of microphenomena, so called prequantum classical statistical field theory (PCSFT). This model not only reproduces important probabilistic predictions of QM including correlations for entangled systems, but it also gives a possibility to go beyond quantum mechanics (QM), i.e., to make predictions of phenomena which could be observed at the subquantum level. In this paper we discuss one of such predictions - existence of nonlocal correlations between prequantum random fields corresponding to {\it all} quantum systems. (And by PCSFT quantum systems are represented by classical Gaussian random fields and quantum observables by quadratic forms of these fields.) The source of these correlations is the common background field. Thus all prequantum random fields are "entangled", but in the sense of classical signal theory. On one hand, PCSFT demystifies quantum nonlocality by reducing it to nonlocal classical correlations based on the common random background. On the other hand, it demonstrates total generality of such correlations. They exist even for distinguishable quantum systems in factorizable states (by PCSFT terminology - for Gaussian random fields with covariance operators corresponding to factorizable quantum states).
Glauber dynamics in the continuum via generating functionals evolution
Creators: name: Finkelshtein, Dmitri L.
name: Kondratiev, Yuri G.
name: Oliveira, Maria João
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82C22, 46G20, 46E50

description: We construct the time evolution for states of Glauber dynamics for a spatial infinite particle system in terms of generating functionals. This is carried out by an Ovsjannikov-type result in a scale of Banach spaces, leading to a local (in time) solution which, under certain initial conditions, might be extended to a global one. An application of this approach to Vlasov-type scaling in terms of generating functionals is considered as well.
description: 24 pages
Gaps in marine baseline data and the role of Inuit knowledge in the Nunavut impact assessment process
Creators: name: Peletz-Bohbot, Nicole
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: This research helps support the impact assessment (IA) process in Nunavut through an improved understanding of marine baseline information needs and the important role of Inuit Knowledge in project review. The Canadian Arctic is experiencing unprecedented environmental and social-economic change. IA, as a process and tool, is in a key position to assess and mitigate potential impacts of resource development and other activities and aid planning in a rapidly changing Arctic. However, the effectiveness of IA in Arctic jurisdictions has been questioned, and many challenges have been identified including broad gaps in baseline data, notably related to marine environments. Agencies responsible for IA, such as the Nunavut Impact Review Board (NIRB), may employ adaptive approaches where local and Inuit Knowledge is used to address information needs, and broadly support and shape the assessment process. This research was developed and undertaken in collaboration with the NIRB. Through a document analysis of completed NIRB IA reviews, and focus groups with NIRB staff and board members, this research sought to, 1) identify and acknowledge gaps in marine baseline data and associated challenges, 2) understand the role of Inuit Knowledge alongside and in absence of western science in marine baseline data collection and understanding, and 3) assess long-term options and outline opportunities to address information needs. The results highlight that better marine information is needed across Nunavut, and associated challenges are complex and interconnected. However, through the unique composition and functions of the NIRB, and the integration of Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit / Qaujimaningit (IQ) and local knowledge, IA in Nunavut is in a valuable position to address baseline information needs and further challenges, as well as act as a potential model towards Indigenous-led IA in other settings. The recommendations outline the need to address barriers and promote enablers to addressing information needs. Barriers include uncertainty regarding responsibilities, broad capacity constraints, and coordination of monitoring programs, while enablers focus on the continued and improved engagement of knowledge-holders and resource-users in the process, as well as the promotion of IQ values among all stakeholders and within the process.
The Role of Quality in Corn Import Decisionmaking
Creators: name: Mercier, Stephanie A.
name: Mercier, Stephanie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: World coarse grain trade
subject: grain quality
subject: broken corn and foreign material (BCFM)
subject: import decisionmaking
subject: end-use characteristics
subject: market segmentation

description: U.S. corn exports continue to dominate the world coarse grain market with little change in U.S. market share. The lack of gains in the U.S. share over the past few decades has renewed interest in the question of whether corn cleaning would help the competitiveness of U.S. grain. Mandating cleaner corn under current production and marketing practices would have little appreciable effect on the market share or value of U.S. corn exports. The bottom line is that the world corn market is functioning fairly well, based on importers’ knowledge of the type and the characteristics of corn they generally receive from various exporters. This study focuses on the function of quality in the import decisionmaking process, particularly as it relates to the cleanliness of corn.
Disorder-induced magnetooscillations in bilayer graphene at high bias
Creators: name: Mkhitaryan, V. V.
name: Raikh, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy spectrum of biased bilayer graphene near the bottom has a "Mexican-hat"-like shape. For the Fermi level within the Mexican hat we predict that, apart from conventional magnetooscillations which vanish with temperature, there are additional magnetooscillations which are weakly sensitive to temperature. These oscillations are also insensitive to a long-range disorder. Their period in magnetic field scales with bias, V, as V^2. The origin of these oscillations is the disorder-induced scattering between electron-like and hole-like Fermi-surfaces, specific for Mexican hat.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
The regular cosmic string in Born-Infeld gravity
Creators: name: Ferraro, Rafael
name: Fiorini, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that Born-Infeld gravity --a high energy deformation of Einstein gravity-- removes the singularities of a cosmic string. The respective vacuum solution results to be free of conical singularity and closed timelike curves. The space ends at a minimal circle where the curvature invariants vanish; but this circle cannot be reached in a finite proper time.
description: 4 pages, submitted to Proceedings of Spanish Relativity Meeting 2010 (ERE2010, Granada, Spain)
Corresponding formal specifications with distributed systems
Creators: name: Do, Minh Nhat
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: As the need for computing resources grows, providers are increasingly relying on distributed systems to render their services. However, distributed systems are hard to design and implement. As an aid for design and implementation, formal verifica- tion has seen a growing interest in industry. For example, Amazon uses Temporal Logic of Actions plus (TLA⁺) and PlusCal specification languages and tool chain to formally verify manually created specifications of their web services [8]. Nevertheless, there is currently no tool to automatically establish a correspon- dence between a PlusCal specification with a concrete implementation. Further- more, PlusCal was not designed with modularity in mind, so a large PlusCal spec- ification cannot be decomposed into smaller ones for ease of modification. This thesis proposes an extension to PlusCal, named Modular PlusCal, as well as a compiler, named PGo, which compiles Modular PlusCal and PlusCal specifications into Go programs. Modular PlusCal introduces new constructs, such as archetypes and mapping macros, to provide isolation and, as a result, modularity. By auto- matically compiling PlusCal and Modular PlusCal specifications into distributed system implementations, PGo reduces the burden on programmers trying to ensure the correctness of their distributed systems.
Manifestation of Conformal Symmetry in the Light Flavor Baryon Sector
Creators: name: Kirchbach, M.
name: Compean, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the AdS_5 cone, conformally compactified to R^1xS^3, a quark-diquark model of light flavor baryons is developed. The system on this manifold is decribed in terms of a scalar conformal equation, gauged by the field of a D3 brane whose transversal dimensions have been conformally warpped over R^1xS^3. Such a system does not result exactly conformally invariant because the gauge potential slightly modifies the conformal centrifugal barrier of the free geodesic motion. Thanks to this, the model describes the correct mass ordering in the P11-S11 pairs through the N spectrum as a combined effect of conformal symmetry breaking, on the one side, and a parity change of the diquark from a scalar at low masses, to a pseudoscalar at higher masses, on the other. We calculate the number of resonances with masses below 2500 MeV needed for the completeness of the above scheme and find a total of 32 "missing" nucleon and Delta states. Their absence or presence in the respective spectra relates to the degree to which conformal symmetry is realized in the lightest flavor sector. The scheme also allows for the prediction of the dressing function of an effective instantaneous gluon propagator from the Fourier transform of the gauge potential. We find a dressing function that is finite in the infrared and tends to zero at infinity.
description: 10 pages, one figure; Presented at the "XII Mexican Workshop of Particles and Fields", Mazatlan Sinaloa, Mexico, November 9th-14th, 2009. To apper in the proceedings
Farming Operations and Households in Farming Areas: A Closer Look
Creators: name: Hoppe, Robert A.
name: Hoppe, Robert A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Farmers
subject: farm owners
subject: farm operators
subject: farm families
subject: farm households
subject: farming-dependent counties
subject: rural development
subject: off-farm income
subject: farm income

description: Although the number of counties economically dependent on farming has declined over the years, agriculture has not disappeared from most counties that are no longer farming- dependent. Farming is still significant in many of those counties. This report presents three groups of counties based on each county's share of local earnings from farming and the size of its local farm sector. Understanding the similarities and differences among the three county groups should be useful when devising measures to help farm operator households and their communities.
On the anomalous increase of the lunar eccentricity
Creators: name: Iorio, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Possible explanations of the recently reported anomalous increase of the eccentricity of the lunar orbit are sought in terms of classical Newtonian mechanics, general relativity, and long-range modifications of gravity.
description: LaTex2e, 4 pages, no figures, no tables, 17 references. Submitted to the Proceedings of the 46th Rencontres de Moriond. Gravitational Waves and Experimental Gravity. 20-27 March 2011, La Thuile, Val d'Aosta, Italy
Tensor network states and algorithms in the presence of a global U(1) symmetry
Creators: name: Singh, Sukhwinder
name: Pfeifer, Robert N. C.
name: Vidal, Guifre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tensor network decompositions offer an efficient description of certain many-body states of a lattice system and are the basis of a wealth of numerical simulation algorithms. In a recent paper [arXiv:0907.2994v1] we discussed how to incorporate a global internal symmetry, given by a compact, completely reducible group G, into tensor network decompositions and algorithms. Here we specialize to the case of Abelian groups and, for concreteness, to a U(1) symmetry, often associated with particle number conservation. We consider tensor networks made of tensors that are invariant (or covariant) under the symmetry, and explain how to decompose and manipulate such tensors in order to exploit their symmetry. In numerical calculations, the use of U(1) symmetric tensors allows selection of a specific number of particles, ensures the exact preservation of particle number, and significantly reduces computational costs. We illustrate all these points in the context of the multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz.
description: 22 pages, 25 figures, RevTeX 4
The targum (1883:Dec. 14)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1883

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
An Exact Tunneling Solution in a Simple Realistic Landscape
Creators: name: Dutta, Koushik
name: Vaudrevange, Pascal M.
name: Westphal, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytical solution for the tunneling process in a piecewise linear and quadratic potential which does not make use of the thin-wall approximation. A quadratic potential allows for smooth attachment of various slopes exiting into the final minimum of a realistic potential. Our tunneling solution thus serves as a realistic approximation to situations such as populating a landscape of slow-roll inflationary regions by tunneling, and it is valid for all regimes of the barrier parameters. We shortly comment on the inclusion of gravity.
description: RevTeX 4.1, 4 pages, 5 figures
Degenerations and orbits in finite abelian groups
Creators: name: Dutta, Kunal
name: Prasad, Amritanshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20K01, 05A15

description: A notion of degeneration of elements in groups is introduced. It is used to parametrize the orbits in a finite abelian group under its full automorphism group by a finite distributive lattice. A pictorial description of this lattice leads to an intuitive self-contained exposition of some of the basic facts concerning these orbits, including their enumeration. Given a partition $λ$, the lattice parametrizing orbits in a finite abelian p-group of type $λ$ is found to be independent of p. The order of the orbit corresponding to each parameter, which turns out to be a polynomial in p, is calculated. The description of orbits is extended to subquotients by certain characteristic subgroups. Each such characteristic subquotient is shown to have a unique maximal orbit.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Stellungnahme der STIKO beim RKI – Überprüfung der Impfempfehlung für eine einmalige Pertussis(ap)-Impfung im Erwachsenenalter (Stand: 15.3.2019)
Creators: name: Ständige Impfkommission
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: STIKO
subject: Bordetella pertussis
subject: Keuchhusten
subject: Impfung
subject: Empfehlung
subject: Erwachsene
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Nach 10 Jahren ist eine Evaluation der Pertussis-Impfung für Erwachsene zur Bewertung ihrer Effektivität erforderlich. Es ist zu entscheiden, ob die Empfehlung der einmaligen Boosterung im Erwachsenenalter beibehalten oder geändert werden soll. Die Erwartungen an die derzeit zugelassenen (ap)-Kombinationsimpfstoffe hinsichtlich der Schutzdauer und bevölkerungsbezogener Effekte haben sich nur teilweise erfüllt. Im Epidemiologischen Bulletin 15/2019 regt die STIKO an, eine Modellierung durchzuführen, die auf den derzeit für Deutschland gültigen Impfempfehlungen basiert und neuere Erkenntnisse berücksichtigt, die zur Pertussis-Inzidenz, Impfeffektivität, Dauer des Impfschutzes und zum Gemeinschaftsschutz vorliegen.
Heating rate and electrode charging measurements in a scalable, microfabricated, surface-electrode ion trap
Creators: name: Allcock, D. T. C.
name: Harty, T. P.
name: Janacek, H. A.
name: Linke, N. M.
name: Ballance, C. J.
name: Steane, A. M.
name: Lucas, D. M.
name: Jarecki, R. L.
name: Habermehl, S. D.
name: Blain, M. G.
name: Stick, D.
name: Moehring, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterise the performance of a surface-electrode ion "chip" trap fabricated using established semiconductor integrated circuit and micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) microfabrication processes which are in principle scalable to much larger ion trap arrays, as proposed for implementing ion trap quantum information processing. We measure rf ion micromotion parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the trap electrodes, and find that on-package capacitors reduce this to
description: 6 pages, 10 figures
Economic Implications of Cleaning Corn in the United States
Creators: name: Lin, Chin-Zen
name: Lin, William
name: Lin, Chin-Zen
name: Lin, William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Broken com and foreign material (BCFM)
subject: broken corn (BC)
subject: foreign material (FM)
subject: corn
subject: breakage susceptibility
subject: mechanical cleaning

description: Although foreign buyers prefer low-BCFM (broken corn and foreign material) corn, cleaning is not the solution to quality issues associated with U.S. corn cleanliness. The cost of cleaning corn above the current level at the least net-cost locations, both inland subterminals and river elevators, exceeds domestic benefits by $49 million. Because of the breakage susceptibility of corn kernels, the BCFM level in U.S. corn increases as corn moves toward ports. Thus, cleaning at the current level would still need to occur at every point in the marketing channel along with the additional cleaning to lower the BCFM level. The best approach to address the corn cleanliness issue is to reduce breakage susceptibility in corn through careful selection of drying systems and developing genotypes or hybrid varieties less prone to breakage.