Cloeodes tovauna Amaral, Cifuentes-Vargas & Salles 2025, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Amaral, I. F.
name: Cifuentes-Vargas, E. T.
name: Salles, F. F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Cloeodes
Cloeodes tovauna

description: Cloeodes tovauna Amaral, Cifuentes-Vargas & Salles, sp. nov.
(Figs. 2–4)
Diagnosis. Nymph. 1) Body size 5.5–6.0 mm; 2) Body color pattern dark brown on head, thorax and abdominal segments I, V, VI and X; 3) Labrum with dorsal arc of setae composed of 1 + 0 + 3 setae (Fig. 3A); 4) Inner margin of labial palp segment III with robust pectinate setae (Fig. 3I); 5) Hind wing pads present; 6) Fore femur with apex projected, with 2 blunt setae (Fig. 4A); 7) Posterior margins of terga II-X with spines of the same length; 8) Paraprocts with 15–19 spines (Figs. 4E, F); 9) Cercus with spines on every two segments. Adults. 1) Turbinate eyes of males separated by approximately the width of a lateral ocelli; upper surface oblong, yellowish-brown (Fig. 5A); 2) Thorax dark brown (Fig. 5A); 3) Terga I, VII–X brown; tergum IV with median pair of brown spots; 4) Hind wing present (Fig. 5C); 5) Forceps brown, lighter towards apex, forceps segment III oval; 6) Posterior margin of subgenital plate slightly convex at middle.
Description.
Nymph. Length (in mm). Body: 5.5–6.0; 1.9; cerci: 2.7; terminal filament: 2.9; antenna: 1.9.
Coloration (Fig. 2). General coloration dark brown with yellowish-white (Fig. 2A, B). Head dark brown with yellowish-white stripe between inner margin of compound eye and lateral ocellus (in males, reaching the base of turbinate eyes). Labrum and mandible darkish brown; hypopharynx, maxilla and labium light brown (Figs. 2 C, D).Thorax dark brown to light brown. Fore wing pads light brown at base and yellowish-white distally. Legs yellowish-white, mid and hind femora with apical dark brown band reaching ½ of its length. Abdominal segments I, V, VI and X dark brown; segments II, III, IV, VII, VIII and IX yellowish-white; terga II and III with sublateral marks light brown; tergum IV with sublateral marks orangish brown; tergum V with anteromedial subtriangular yellowish-white mark; tergum VI with yellowish-white sublateral area. Sterna yellowish-white, except for V, VI and X dark brown. Filaments light brown, with a yellowish-white band subdistally and a brown band distally.
Head. Labrum (Fig. 3A). Length about 0.7 × maximum width; dorsal arc of setae composed of 1+ 0 + 3 long setae; ventrally with 6–10 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Left mandible (Figs. 3B, C). Margin between prostheca and mola slightly convex. Right mandible (Figs. 3D, E). Prostheca slender and pectinate, bifurcated at the middle; inner lobe long, outer lobe divided in the middle. Margin between prostheca and mola slightly convex. Hypopharynx as in Fig. 3F. Maxilla (Fig. 3G, H). Canines and distal dentiseta stout. Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 6 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp as long as galea-lacinia; palp segment II 1.5 × length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 3I, J). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margins, respectively, with around 17 and 12 pointed setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface with one row of 7 short setae near the inner margin. Paraglossa apex with 2 rows of spine-like setae; outer margin with 3 pectinate setae; dorsally with arc of 3 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 7 – 8 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.8 × length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 6 – 7 setae; segment III rounded with 2 – 5 robust pectinate setae in inner margin; ventrally covered with several spine-like simple setae along margins and ventral surface. Thorax. Hind wing pad present. Fore leg (Fig. 4A). Ratio 1.1:1(0.6mm):1:0.2. Femur. Length about 4.4 × maximum width; outer margin with row of 8 – 9 clavate setae (length of setae about 0.1 × maximum width of femur); anterior and posterior margins parallel; submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 36 simple spine-like setae; posterior surface with around 27 scattered setae near inner margin; apex projected; distal projection 0.1 × width of femur; with 2 blunt, distally expanded setae. Tibia. Outer margin with few simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, distally expanded, extending apex of tibia. Tarsus. Ventrally with row of 13–15+1 spine-like short setae. Tarsal claw. 0.2 × length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs (Figs. 4B, C). Similar to fore leg, except for subapical projections of femur less developed and type of setae on inner apex of tibia on (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 4D). Spines present on posterior margins of segments II –X (occasionally reduced in segment II); spines approximately with the same length and not slanted, larger spines 2.5 × longer than wide. Sterna. Spines present on posterior margin of segments IV – IX. Gills. Outer margin serrated on distal 1/4; inner margin slightly serrated; few secondary tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I about 3/4 length of segment II, oval. Gill IV 1 1/2 length of segment V, asymmetric, broad at the middle. Gill VII about 1 1/2 length of segment VIII. Paraproct (Figs. 4E–F) with 15–19 spines. Cercus with large spines on every two segments. Terminal filament without large spines.
Male imago (Fig. 5). Length (in mm). Body: 5.8–6.0; antenna: 0.9; fore wing: 6.5; hind wing: 1.13–1.15; tibia I: 2.1; tibia II: 0.9; tibia III: 0.8; caudal filaments: broken.
Coloration (Fig. 5). Head dark brown with yellowish-white stripe between inner margin of compound eyes to base of antenna; yellowish-brown mark between inner margin of lateral ocelli and surrounding middle ocelli. Antenna light brown. Lateral ocelli cream, surrounded with black. Compound eye cream. Turbinate eyes yellowish-brown; basal ½ of stalk brown, remainder cream. Pronotum dark brown. Mesothorax mostly dark brown; antelateroparapsodal and recurrent scuto-scutellar sutures cream. Metanotum dark brown. Fore wing hyaline; veins light brown, dark brown in distal ½ of C – MP. Hind wing hyaline; veins light brown. Foreleg trochanter yellowish-brown with subapical orange mark; trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsi light brown; mid and hindleg similar, light brown. Terga I, VII – X brown; II – V cream; VI light brown; terga II – VI with lateral brown area; tergum IV with median pair of brown spots; posterior margin of terga II – VI with membrane tinged with brown. Sterna I, VII – X brown; II – VI cream. Tracheation black. Forceps predominantly brown, lighter towards apex.
Head (Fig. 5A). Turbinate eyes separated approximately by the width of lateral ocellus; inner margin parallel; upper surface oblong; length 1.35× width; stalk height 0.66× width of dorsal portion. Thorax (Fig. 5B). Anteronotal protuberance rounded. Metascutellar protuberance posteriorly pointed. Fore wing (Fig. 5C). Stigmatic area with 7 short veins, some incomplete; marginal intercalary veins paired, single between RA-RP 1 (sometimes paired), ICu 1 - ICu 2 and ICu 2 -CuP, absent between veins Sc-RA and CuP-A. Hind wing (Fig. 5C). With 2 complete longitudinal veins. Costal process hooked, located on basal third. Legs. Foreleg: tibia 0.6 × length of femur; tarsi 0.05 × length of femur; tarsus segments in decreasing order: 2, 3, 4, 5, 1; mid and hindleg similar. Abdomen (Fig. 5B). Genitalia. (Fig. 5D). Forceps segment I subrectangular; 0.4× length of segment II; distance between base of forceps 1.0 × distance between lateral margins of forceps. Segment II of forceps with medial constriction. Segment III oval. Posterior margin of subgenital plate slightly convex at middle.
Female imago (Fig. 6A) Length (in mm). Body: 6.2; antenna: broken; fore wing: 6.4; hind wing: 1; tibia I: 0.9; tibia II: 0.8; tibia III: 0.8; caudal filaments: broken.
Head (Fig. 6A). Coloration light brown; compound eyes, lateral and middle ocelli similar to male imago. Antenna light brown. Thorax (Fig. 6B). Pronotum light brown with brown marks. Mesothorax predominantly brownish-grey; antelateroparapsodal and medioparapsidal sutures cream; mediolongitudinal suture brown. Metanotum brown. Forewing (Fig. 6C). Hyaline; longitudinal and cross yellowish-brown. Stigmatic area with 5 to 7 cross veins touching or almost touching subcostal vein and 2 veins not touching subcostal vein; marginal intercalary veins similar to the male imago. Hindwing (Fig. 6C). Similar to male imago. Legs. Foreleg 2. 9 mm; trochanter yellowish-brown with subapical orange mark; trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsi light brown; middle and hindleg similar. Abdomen (Fig. 6B). Tergum I dark brown; terga II, V – X brown; terga III and IV light brown; tergum IV with median pair of brown spots. Sterna light brown with sublateral dark brown subtriangular marks on segments II−VIII.
Female subimago (Figs. 7A–B). Body color pattern and lengths similar to female imago but opaque.
Type Material. Holotype: Male imago (in alcohol) with corresponding nymphal exuviae on slide, BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Araponga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro; Trilha para Pedra do Pato (20º 44’ 38” S; 42º 28’ 03” W), 23/VI/2024, Amaral, I.F., Cifuentes-Vargas, E.T., Salles, F.F. & Lima M.M. cols. (UFVB: EP02956). Paratypes: One female imago with corresponding nymphal exuviae and one female subimago with corresponding nymphal exuviae on slide, same data as holotype (MNRJ). 3 nymphs, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Araponga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro; início Trilha Pedra do Pato (20° 43’ 59” S 42° 28’ 12” W), 07/ VI/24, Salles, F.F., Neto, P.B., Sarmento, F.R.P., Cifuentes-Vargas, E.T. & Alvim, J.B. cols. (UFVB: EP02958). 6 nymphs (three dissected), Brazil, Minas Gerais, Araponga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro; Trilha das águas (20° 43’ 52” S; 42° 27’ 54” W), 28/V /2024, Amaral, I.F., Viana, A.D.L. & Correia, M.C.D. cols. (UFVB: EP02959). One female imago with corresponding nymphal exuviae on slide, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Araponga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro; Trilha das águas (20° 43’ 52” S; 42° 27’ 54” W), 28/V /2024, Amaral, I.F., Viana, A.D.L. & Correia, M.C.D. cols. (UFVB: EP02957).
Additional material. 7 nymphs (two dissected) and 1 male imago, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Catas Altas, Cachoeira da Santa (20º 05’ 17” S; 43º 25’ 06” W), 25/I/2015, Salles, F.F. col. UFVB: EP02962. 2 nymphs, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Parque das Andorinhas, Cachoeira Véu das Noivas (20º 21’ 30” S; 43º 29’ 18” W), 18/X/2023, Amaral, I.F., Morais, C.M.A. & Domingues, S.P. cols. UFVB: EP02963. One nymph (dissected), Brazil, Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Parque das Andorinhas, Cachoeira Véu das Noivas (20º 21’ 30” S; 43º 29’ 18” W), 15/II /2024, Amaral, I.F., Silva, E.F. cols. UFVB: EP02964.
Material examined of C. aymore: Holotype. Male imago with corresponding nymphal exuviae, BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Ibitirama, Pedra Roxa River (20° 23’ 48.1’ ‘S; 41° 44’ 08.1’’ W), 20/ IV/2008, Salles F.F., Massariol, F.C., Boldrini, R., Lima, M.M. & Britto, P.V.A. cols. (INPA). Paratype. Nymphal exuviae on slide, BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Ibitirama, Tecnotruta River, propriedade “Sonho meu”, 21/iv/2008, rock, moderate current, Salles F.F., Massariol, F.C., Boldrini, R., Lima, M.M. & Britto, P. V.A. cols. Slide of nymph PT 09, Brazil, Espírito Santo, Espera Feliz, Rio São Domingos, Cachoeira do Aurélio (20° 28’ 57.5’’ S, 41° 50’ 14.5’’ W 1800m), 22/ IV /2008. Slide of nymph PT 11, Brazil, Espírito Santo, Espera Feliz Rio São Domingos, Cachoeira Sete Pilões (20° 28’ 57.1’’ S, 41° 49’ 50.4’’ W 1850m), 25/ III /2009.
Etymology. The specific epithet is a combination of words derived from the Tupi-Guarani: ‘tova’ (face) and ‘una’ (black), alluding to the color pattern of the head. Name in apposition.
Distribution. Southeastern Brazil, Minas Gerais State (Araponga, Catas Altas, Ouro Preto); Espírito Santo State (Alto Caparaó, Espera Feliz).
description: Published as part of Amaral, I. F., Cifuentes-Vargas, E. T. & Salles, F. F., 2025, Cloeodes tovauna: a new species previously identified as Cloeodes aymore Massariol & Salles, 2011 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), pp. 355-366 in Zootaxa 5594 (2) on pages 356-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5594.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/14954456