cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum dynamics of a particle constrained to lie on a surface
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q10, 35Q40

description: We consider the quantum dynamics of a charged particle in Euclidean space subjected to electric and magnetic fields under the presence of a potential that forces the particle to stay close to a compact surface. We prove that, as the strength of this constraining potential tends to infinity, the motion of this particle converges to a motion generated by a Hamiltonian over the surface superimposed by an oscillatory motion in the normal directions. Our result extend previous results by allowing magnetic potentials and more general constraining potentials.
description: Final version to appear in J. Math. Phys
Assessment of Red Swamp Crayfish presence, distribution and abundance within the Fiddien valley system
Creators: name: Caruana, Alex
name: Farrugia, Luke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Community ecology (excl. invasive species ecology)

description: This project conclusion document has been designed in the form of a layman report. It provides a summary of the data that had been found and collected under the Environmental Permit EP 1040/23/1H/1J.
 All data collected as well as r-code used within data analysis is available online.
NOEMA Detection of Circumnuclear Molecular Gas in X-ray Weak Dual Active Galactic Nuclei: No Evidence for Heavy Obscuration
Creators: name: Hou, Meicun
name: Li, Zhiyuan
name: Liu, Xin
name: Li, Zongnan
name: Li, Ruancun
name: Wang, Ran
name: Wang, Jing
name: Ho, Luis C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dual active galactic nuclei (AGN), which are the manifestation of two actively accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) hosted by a pair of merging galaxies, are a unique laboratory for studying the physics of SMBH feeding and feedback during an indispensable stage of galaxy evolution. In this work, we present NOEMA CO(2-1) observations of seven kpc-scale dual-AGN candidates drawn from a recent Chandra survey of low-redshift, optically classified AGN pairs. These systems are selected because they show unexpectedly low 2-10 keV X-ray luminosities for their small physical separations signifying an intermediate-to-late stage of merger. Circumnuclear molecular gas traced by the CO(2-1) emission is significantly detected in 6 of the 7 pairs and 10 of the 14 nuclei, with an estimated mass ranging between $(0.2 - 21) \times10^9\rm~M_{\odot}$. The primary nuclei, i.e., the ones with the higher stellar velocity dispersion, tend to have a higher molecular gas mass than the secondary. Most CO-detected nuclei show a compact morphology, with a velocity field consistent with a kpc-scale rotating structure. The inferred hydrogen column densities range between $5\times10^{21} - 2\times10^{23}\rm~cm^{-2}$, but mostly at a few times $10^{22}\rm~cm^{-2}$, in broad agreement with those derived from X-ray spectral analysis. Together with the relatively weak mid-infrared emission, the moderate column density argues against the prevalence of heavily obscured, intrinsically luminous AGNs in these seven systems, but favors a feedback scenario in which AGN activity triggered by a recent pericentric passage of the galaxy pair can expel circumnuclear gas and suppress further SMBH accretion.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Comments welcome
Eccentricity estimation from initial data for Numerical Relativity Simulations
Creators: name: Ciarfella, Alessandro
name: Healy, James
name: Lousto, Carlos O.
name: Nakano, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe and study an instantaneous definition of eccentricity to be applied at the initial moment of full numerical simulations of binary black holes. The method consists of evaluating the eccentricity at the moment of maximum separation of the binary. We estimate it using up to third post-Newtonian (3PN) order, and compare these results with those of evolving (conservative) 3PN equations of motion for a full orbit and compute the eccentricity $e_r$ from the radial turning points, finding excellent agreement. We next include terms with spins up to 3.5PN, and then compare this method with the corresponding estimates of the eccentricity $e_r^{NR}$ during full numerical evolutions of spinning binary black holes, characterized invariantly by a fractional factor $0\leq f\leq1$ of the initial tangential momenta. It is found that our initial instantaneous definition is a very useful tool to predict and characterize even highly eccentric full numerical simulations.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, 1 Table
Scaling of the dynamics of flexible Lennard-Jones chains
Creators: name: Veldhorst, Arno A.
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
name: Schrøder, Thomas B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isomorph theory provides an explanation for the so-called power law density scaling which has been observed in many molecular and polymeric glass formers, both experimentally and in simulations. Power law density scaling (relaxation times and transport coefficients being functions of $ρ^{γ_S}/T$, where $ρ$ is density, $T$ is temperature, and $γ_S$ is a material specific scaling exponent) is an approximation to a more general scaling predicted by the isomorph theory. Furthermore, the isomorph theory provides an explanation for Rosenfeld scaling (relaxation times and transport coefficients being functions of excess entropy) which has been observed in simulations of both molecular and polymeric systems. Doing molecular dynamics simulations of flexible Lennard-Jones chains (LJC) with rigid bonds, we here provide the first detailed test of the isomorph theory applied to flexible chain molecules. We confirm the existence of isomorphs, which are curves in the phase diagram along which the dynamics is invariant in the appropriate reduced units. This holds not only for the relaxation times but also for the full time dependence of the dynamics, including chain specific dynamics such as the end-to-end vector autocorrelation function and the relaxation of the Rouse modes. As predicted by the isomorph theory, jumps between different state points on the same isomorph happen instantaneously without any slow relaxation. Since the LJC is a simple coarse-grained model for alkanes and polymers, our results provide a possible explanation for why power-law density scaling is observed experimentally in alkanes and many polymeric systems. The theory provides an independent method of determining the scaling exponent, which is usually treated as a empirical scaling parameter.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
On the continuity of the probabilistic representation of a semilinear Neumann-Dirichlet problem
Creators: name: Maticiuc, Lucian
name: Răşcanu, Aurel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article we prove the continuity of the deterministic function $u:[0,T]\times \mathcal{\bar{D}}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, defined by $u(t,x):=Y_{t}^{t,x}$, where the process $(Y_{s}^{t,x})_{s\in[t,T]}$ is given by the generalized multivalued backward stochastic differential equation: \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} -dY_{s}^{t,x}+\partial φ(Y_{s}^{t,x})ds+\partialψ(Y_{s}^{t,x})dA_{s}^{t,x}\ni f(s,X_{s}^{t,x},Y_{s}^{t,x})ds \\ \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;+g(s,X_{s}^{t,x},Y_{s}^{t,x})dA_{s}^{t,x}-Z_{s}^{t,x}dW_{s}~,\;t\leq s < T, \\ {Y_{T}=h(X_{T}^{t,x}).} \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} The process $(X_{s}^{t,x},A_{s}^{t,x})_{s\geq t}$ is the solution of a stochastic differential equation with reflecting boundary conditions.
description: Some proofs have been slighty changed
pgr-tk_build_0.4.0.tgz
Creators: name: Chin, Jason
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Bioinformatic methods development
Genomics and transcriptomics
Sequence analysis

description: see
 https://github.com/GeneDx/pgr-tk/
 and
 https://github.com/GeneDx/pgr-tk/blob/main/LICENSE
Conditions for Sustained Orbital Resonances in Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
Creators: name: van de Meent, Maarten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility of sustained orbital resonances in extreme mass ratio inspirals. Using a near-identity averaging transformation, we reduce the equations of motion for a particle moving in Kerr spacetime with self-force corrections in the neighbourhood of a resonant geodesic to a one dimensional equation for a particle moving in an effective potential. From this effective equation we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions that the self-force needs to satisfy to allow inspiralling orbits to be captured in sustained resonance. Along the way we also obtain the full non-linear expression for the jump in the adiabatic constants of motion incurred as an inspiral transiently evolves through a strong resonance to first-order in the mass ratio. Finally, we find that if the resonance is strong enough to allow capture in sustained resonance, only a small fraction (order of the square root of mass-ratio) of all inspirals will indeed be captured. This makes observation of sustained resonances in EMRIs -- if they exist -- very unlikely for space based observatories like eLisa.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, corrected a number of typesetting errors in Sec. IIID
2D Quantum Double Models From a 3D Perspective
Creators: name: Ferreira, Miguel Jorge Bernabé
name: Padmanabhan, Pramod
name: Teotonio-Sobrinho, Paulo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we look at 3D lattice models that are generalizations of the state sum model used to define the Kuperberg invariant of 3-manifolds. The partition function is a scalar constructed as a tensor network where the building blocks are tensors given by the structure constants of an involutary Hopf algebra $\mathcal{A}$. These models are very general and are hard to solve in its entire parameter space. One can obtain familiar models, such as ordinary gauge theories, by letting $\mathcal{A}$ be the group algebra $\mathbb{C}(G)$ of a discrete group $G$ and staying on a certain region of the parameter space. We consider the transfer matrix of the model and show that Quantum double Hamiltonians are derived from a particular choice of the parameters. Such a construction naturally leads to the star and plaquette operators of the quantum double Hamiltonians, of which the toric code is a special case when $\mathcal{A}=\mathbb{C}(\mathbb{Z}_2)$. This formulation is convenient to study ground states of these generalized quantum double models where they can naturally be interpreted as tensor network states. For a surface $Σ$, the ground state degeneracy is determined by the Kuperberg 3-manifold invariant of $Σ\times S^1$. It is also possible to obtain extra models by simple enlarging the allowed parameter space but keeping the solubility of the model. While some of these extra models have appeared before in the literature, our 3D perspective allows for an uniform description of them.
description: 43 pages, 74 figures. A new section has been included which describes new topological and quasi-topological phases which can be obtained from the transfer matrix of lattice gauge theories. Apart from this the Introduction has been significantly improved
On Optimal Zero-Delay Coding of Vector Markov Sources
Creators: name: Linder, Tamás
name: Yüksel, Serdar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 93E20, 94A29, 60J05

description: Optimal zero-delay coding (quantization) of a vector-valued Markov source driven by a noise process is considered. Using a stochastic control problem formulation, the existence and structure of optimal quantization policies are studied. For a finite-horizon problem with bounded per-stage distortion measure, the existence of an optimal zero-delay quantization policy is shown provided that the quantizers allowed are ones with convex codecells. The bounded distortion assumption is relaxed to cover cases that include the linear quadratic Gaussian problem. For the infinite horizon problem and a stationary Markov source the optimality of deterministic Markov coding policies is shown. The existence of optimal stationary Markov quantization policies is also shown provided randomization that is shared by the encoder and the decoder is allowed.
description: IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, accepted for publication
title: Ein Anfang vom Ende des Forschungkolonialismus? Ein Entwicklungshilfeprojekt zum Aufbau einer eigenständigen Feldarchäologie in Kambodscha
Creators: name: Haidle, Miriam Noёl
name: Albrecht, Gerd
name: Albrecht, Barbara
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: [nicht vorhanden]
title: Irmgard Bauer: Feuer am See. Eine Geschichte aus der Bronzezeit
Creators: name: Röder, Brigitte
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Rezension zu: Irmgard Bauer: Feuer am See. Eine Geschichte aus der Bronzezeit
MetzVerlag. Gaggenau 1999. ISBN 3927655317. 273 S. Mit einem Nachwort der Autorin.
Active nematic defects in compressible and incompressible flows
Creators: name: Pokawanvit, Supavit
name: Chen, Zhitao
name: You, Zhihong
name: Angheluta, Luiza
name: Marchetti, M. Cristina
name: Bowick, Mark J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of active nematic films on a substrate driven by active flows with or without the incompressible constraint.Through simulations and theoretical analysis, we show that arch patterns are stable in the compressible case, whilst they become unstable under the incompressibility constraint. For compressible flows at high enough activity, stable arches organize themselves into a smectic-like pattern, which induce an associated global polar ordering of $+1/2$ nematic defects. By contrast, divergence-free flows give rise to a local nematic order of the $+1/2$ defects, consisting of anti-aligned pairs of neighboring defects, as established in previous studies.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Project Conclusion Document - Assessment of Red Swamp Crayfish presence, distribution and abundance within the Fiddien valley system
Creators: name: Caruana, Alex
name: Farrugia, Luke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Community ecology (excl. invasive species ecology)

description: This project conclusion document has been designed in the form of a layman report. It provides a summary of the data that had been found and collected under the Environmental Permit EP 1040/23/1H/1J.
 All data collected as well as r-code used within data analysis is available online.
Inferring selective constraint from population genomic data suggests recent regulatory turnover in the human brain
Creators: name: Schrider, Daniel R.
name: Kern, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The comparative genomics revolution of the past decade has enabled the discovery of functional elements in the human genome via sequence comparison. While that is so, an important class of elements, those specific to humans, is entirely missed by searching for sequence conservation across species. Here we present an analysis based on variation data among human genomes that utilizes a supervised machine learning approach for the identification of human specific purifying selection in the genome. Using only allele frequency information from the complete low coverage 1000 Genomes Project dataset in conjunction with a support vector machine trained from known functional and non-functional portions of the genome, we are able to accurately identify portions of the genome constrained by purifying selection. Our method identifies previously known human-specific gains or losses of function and uncovers many novel candidates. Candidate targets for gain and loss of function along the human lineage include numerous putative regulatory regions of genes essential for normal development of the central nervous system, including a significant enrichment of gain of function events near neurotransmitter receptor genes. These results are consistent with regulatory turnover being a key mechanism in the evolution of human-specific characteristics of brain development. Finally, we show that the majority of the genome is unconstrained by natural selection currently, in agreement with what has been estimated from phylogenetic methods but in sharp contrast to estimates based on transcriptomics or other high-throughput functional methods.
Quantum geometric effect on Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov superconductivity
Creators: name: Kitamura, Taisei
name: Daido, Akito
name: Yanase, Youichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum geometry characterizes the geometric properties of Bloch electrons in the wave space, represented by the quantum metric and the Berry curvature. Recent studies have revealed that the quantum geometry plays a major role in various physical phenomena, from multipole to non-Hermitian physics. For superconductors, the quantum geometry is clarified to appear in the superfluid weight, an essential quantity of superconductivity. Although the superfluid weight was considered to be determined by the Fermi-liquid contribution for a long time, the geometric contribution is not negligible in some superconductors such as artificial flat-band systems and monolayer FeSe. While the superfluid weight is essential for many superconducting phenomena related to the center of mass momenta of Cooper pairs (CMMCP), the full scope of the quantum geometric effect on superconductivity remains unresolved. In this paper, we study the quantum geometric effect on the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state acquiring a finite CMMCP in equilibrium. As a benchmark, the phase diagrams of effective models for monolayer FeSe in an in-plane magnetic field are calculated. In the case of the isotropic $s$-wave pairing, the quantum geometry stabilizes the BCS state, and a metastable BCS state appears in the high magnetic field region. In addition, the quantum geometry induces the phase transition from the FFLO state to the BCS state with increasing temperature. On the other hand, for the inter-sublattice pairing, the quantum geometry gives a negative contribution to the superfluid weight; this can induce the FFLO superconductivity in particular parameter sets.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures
Unequal-mass boson-star binaries: Initial data and merger dynamics
Creators: name: Evstafyeva, Tamara
name: Sperhake, Ulrich
name: Helfer, Thomas
name: Croft, Robin
name: Radia, Miren
name: Ge, Bo-Xuan
name: Lim, Eugene A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generalization of the curative initial data construction derived for equal-mass compact binaries in Helfer {\it et al} (2019 Phys. Rev. D 99 044046; 2022 Class. Quantum Grav. 39 074001) to arbitrary mass ratios. We demonstrate how these improved initial data avoid substantial spurious artifacts in the collision dynamics of unequal-mass boson-star binaries in the same way as has previously been achieved with the simpler method restricted to the equal-mass case. We employ the improved initial data to explore in detail the impact of phase offsets in the coalescence of equal- and unequal-mass boson star binaries.
description: 37 pages, 12 figures, to match published version in CQG
Applying crime science to wildlife crimes affecting primates
Creators: name: Wilson, Lauren
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: The illegal wildlife trade is widely recognized as a threat to biodiversity and a global crime problem estimated at tens of billions in U.S. dollars yearly. Primates are one of many animal groups impacted by wildlife crime, but a global assessment had not been conducted to direct criminological focus to specific crimes. This dissertation begins with such an assessment (Study 1), identifying habitat loss, hunting for food, and hunting for pets as correlates of a worsened endangerment status for primates. These results determined the research foci of the two subsequent chapters (illegal habitat loss and hunting for food). Crime science exploits the many ways that crime concentrates so that crime patterns and processes may be understood and reduction strategies formed accordingly. Studies 2 and 3 conform to this approach, examining the distribution of illegal deforestation across space and time (Study 2) and of poaching for meat across targets (Study 3). The first analytic component of Study 2 expands the criminology of place literature on the law of crime concentration by testing this “law” in a rural environment. Observed illegal deforestation was highly concentrated across 15 protected areas, particularly in larger parks. The second component uses a spatio-temporal regression analysis to identify the environmental and socioeconomic drivers of forest loss in one park inhabited by orangutans. During years when poverty depth was greater and in spaces within the park that were flatter, closer to the park boundary, and farther from roads and resource concessions areas, illegal forest loss was significantly more likely, indicating that these environmental and socioeconomic factors drive deforestation within the park.In Study 3, primate targets of illegal hunting for food were profiled according to CRAAVED characteristics of “hot primates,” reflecting similar crime science analyses of “hot products” (i.e., those stolen at highest rates). Locally abundant, diurnal, loudly vocal species with smaller average bodyweight and social groups were more likely to be targeted. These studies aim to demonstrate the utility of crime science to primate conservation and expand the crime science and criminology of place literatures by examining patterns of “atypical” crimes in rural environments.
title: An investigation of the pulmonary surfactant system in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection
Creators: name: Kerr, Margaret Heather
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Physiology, virology.

description: Severe infection with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory failure in infants and young children. Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins which lines the alveolar surface of the lung. Clinical similarities of severe RSV infection to Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the newborn (RDS) and Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) suggest that surfactant abnormalities may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The hypothesis tested in this study is that the pulmonary surfactant system is dysfunctional in severe RSV infection, due to deficiency, abnormal composition, damage or inhibition. Non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on 18 children ventilated for severe RSV infection and 16 children ventilated for surgical procedures and post operative care. It was concluded that in children with severe RSV infection, surfactant was dysfunctional. There was evidence that two mechanisms contributed to this: 1. Pulmonary surfactant proteins and phospholipids were deficient. 2. Surfactant surface activity was inhibited. Surfactant phospholipid and fatty acid composition was abnormal, and surfactant damage was present. However, the surface active properties of an organic extract of BAL fluid were intact. This indicated that damage to surfactant and change in composition did not reduce surface activity. There was minimal damage to lipids by peroxidation. In conclusion, the pulmonary surfactant system is abnormal in children with severe RSV infection. Surfactant abnormality may be an important factor leading to respiratory failure in these children. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
Testing a Dilaton Gravity Model using Nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Boran, Sibel
name: Kahya, Emre Onur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) offers one of the most strict evidences for the Lambda-CDM cosmology at present, as well as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. In this work, our main aim is to present the outcomes of our calculations related to primordial abundances of light elements, in the context of higher dimensional steady-state universe model in the dilaton gravity. Our results show that abundances of light elements (primordial D, 3He, 4He, T, 7Li) are significantly different for some cases, and a comparison is given between a particular dilaton gravity model and Lambda-CDM in the light of the astrophysical observations.
description: appears in Advances in High Energy Physics, 2014
Non-Perturbative Defects in Tensor Models from Melonic Trees
Creators: name: Popov, Fedor K.
name: Wang, Yifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Klebanov-Tarnopolsky tensor model is a quantum field theory for rank-three tensor scalar fields with certain quartic potential. The theory possesses an unusual large $N$ limit known as the melonic limit that is strongly coupled yet solvable, producing at large distance a rare example of non-perturbative non-supersymmetric conformal field theory that admits analytic solutions. We study the dynamics of defects in the tensor model defined by localized magnetic field couplings on a $p$-dimensional subspace in the $d$-dimensional spacetime. While we work with general $p$ and $d$, the physically interesting cases include line defects in $d=2,3$ and surface defects in $d=3$. By identifying a novel large $N$ limit that generalizes the melonic limit in the presence of defects, we prove that the defect one-point function of the scalar field only receives contributions from a subset of the Feynman diagrams in the shape of melonic trees. These diagrams can be resummed using a closed Schwinger-Dyson equation which enables us to determine non-perturbatively this defect one-point function. At large distance, the solutions we find describe nontrivial conformal defects and we discuss their defect renormalization group (RG) flows. In particular, for line defects, we solve the exact RG flow between the trivial and the conformal lines in $d=4-ε$. We also compute the exact line defect entropy and verify the $g$-theorem. Furthermore we analyze the defect two-point function of the scalar field and its decomposition via the operator-product-expansion, providing explicit formulae for one-point functions of bilinear operators and the stress-energy tensor.
description: 47 pages, 10 figures
Black hole remnants due to Planck-length deformed QFT
Creators: name: Dirkes, Alain R. P.
name: Maziashvili, Michael
name: Silagadze, Zurab K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was argued in a number of papers that the gravitational potential calculated by using the modified QFT that follows from the Planck-length deformed uncertainty relation implies the existence of black-hole remnants of the order of the Planck-mass. Usually this sort of QFTs are endowed with two specific features, the modified dispersion relation, which is universal, and the concept of minimum length, which, however, is not universal. While the emergence of the minimum-length most readily leads to the idea of the black hole remnants, here we examine the behaviour of the potential that follows from the Planck-length deformed QFT in absence of the minimum length and show that it might also lead to the formation of the Planck mass black holes in some particular cases. The calculations are made for higher-dimensional case as well. Such black hole remnants might be considered as a possible candidates for the dark-matter.
description: 18 pages, published version
Where the world stands still: turnaround as a strong test of ΛCDM cosmology
Creators: name: Pavlidou, Vasiliki
name: Tomaras, Theodore N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our intuitive understanding of cosmic structure formation works best in scales small enough so that bound, relaxed gravitating systems are no longer adjusting their radius; and large enough so that space and matter follow the average expansion of the Universe. Yet one of the most robust predictions of $Λ$CDM cosmology concerns the scale that separates these limits: the turnaround radius, which is the non-expanding shell furthest away from the center of a bound structure. The maximum possible value of the turnaround radius within the framework of the $Λ$CDM model is, for a given mass $M$, equal to $(3GM/Λc^2)^{1/3}$, with $G$ Newton's constant and $c$ the speed of light, independently of cosmic epoch, exact nature of dark matter, or baryonic effects. We discuss the possible use of this prediction as an observational test for $Λ$CDM cosmology.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in JCAP
title: M. Schmaedecke (Bearb.): Beiträge zur Archäologie des Mittelalters 1998: Ch. Bader/ W. Wild, Streufunde von der Burg Neuenstein; M. Schmaedecke, Glasbarren oder Glättsteine?
Creators: name: Schreg, Rainer
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Rezsension zu: M. Schmaedecke (Bearb.): Beiträge zur Archäologie des Mittelalters 1998: Ch. Bader/ W. Wild, Streufunde von der Burg Neuenstein;
M. Schmaedecke, Glasbarren oder Glättsteine? Archäologie und Museum 37. 120 S. mit 22 Abb. und 30 mTaf. Archäologie und Kantonsmuseum Baselland.
Liestal 1998
On Bounded Positive Stationary Solutions for a Nonlocal Fisher-KPP Equation
Creators: name: Achleitner, Franz
name: Kuehn, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the existence of stationary solutions for a nonlocal version of the Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piscounov (FKPP) equation. The main motivation is a recent study by Berestycki et {al.} [Nonlinearity 22 (2009), {pp.}~2813--2844] where the nonlocal FKPP equation has been studied and it was shown for the spatial domain $\mathbb{R}$ andsufficiently small nonlocality that there are only two bounded non-negative stationary solutions. Here we provide a similar result for $\mathbb{R}^d$ using a completely different approach. In particular, an abstract perturbation argument is used in suitable weighted Sobolev spaces. One aim of the alternative strategy is that it can eventually be generalized to obtain persistence results for hyperbolic invariant sets for other nonlocal evolution equations on unbounded domains with small nonlocality, {i.e.}, to improve our understanding in applications when a small nonlocal influence alters the dynamics and when it does not.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure; revised version
Geometric scaling behaviors of the Fortuin-Kasteleyn Ising model in high dimensions
Creators: name: Fang, Sheng
name: Zhou, Zongzheng
name: Deng, Youjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, we argued [Chin. Phys. Lett. $39$, 080502 (2022)] that the Ising model simultaneously exhibits two upper critical dimensions $(d_c=4, d_p=6)$ in the Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) random-cluster representation. In this paper, we perform a systematic study of the FK Ising model on hypercubic lattices with spatial dimensions $d$ from 5 to 7, and on the complete graph. We provide a detailed data analysis of the critical behaviors of a variety of quantities at and near the critical points. Our results clearly show that many quantities exhibit distinct critical phenomena for $4 < d < 6$ and $d\geq 6$, and thus strongly support the argument that $6$ is also an upper critical dimension. Moreover, for each studied dimension, we observe the existence of two configuration sectors, two lengthscales, as well as two scaling windows, and thus, two sets of critical exponents are needed to describe these behaviors. Our finding enriches the understanding of the critical phenomena in the Ising model.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures
A Dirac-fermion approach and its application to design high Chern numbers in magnetic topological insulator multilayers
Creators: name: Wang, Dinghui
name: Wang, Huaiqiang
name: Zhang, Haijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulators host topologically protected dissipationless chiral edge states, the number of which is determined by its Chern number. Up to now, the QAH state has been realized in a few magnetic topological insulators, but usually with a low Chern number. Here, we develop a Dirac-fermion approach which is valuable to understand and design high Chern numbers in various multilayers of layered magnetic topological insulators. Based on the Dirac-fermion approach, we demonstrate how to understand and tune high Chern numbers in ferromagentic MnBi$_{2}$Te$_{4}$ films through the van der Waals (vdW) gap modulation. Further, we also employ the Dirac-fermion approach to understand the experimentally observed high Chern numbers and topological phase transition from the Chern number $C=2$ to $C=1$ in the [3QL-(Bi,Sb)$_{1.76}$Cr$_{0.24}$Te$_{3}$]/[4QL-(Bi,Sb)$_{2}$Te$_{3}$] multilayers. Our work provides a powerful tool to design the QAH states with a high Chern number in layered magnetic topological insulator multilayers.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
title: Reconstruction of Ocean Structure and Circulation during the Extreme Warmth of the early-middle Eocene
Creators: name: McIntyre, Andrew James
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2024

description: The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a major component of global ocean circulation, globally distributing heat, salt, and nutrients, exerting a fundamental influence on global and regional climates. Yet, there is a poor understanding of how unstable the AMOC will be, or its sensitivity to future anthropogenic climate change. To tackle this, the climatic warmth of the Eocene offers an opportunity to investigate AMOC operation under acute warmth. There is limited knowledge to determine whether an active AMOC existed during the Eocene, let alone its structure or stability. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to identify the structure and dynamism of ocean circulation during the early-middle Eocene.

 To reconstruct the early-middle Eocene AMOC, carbon (δ13C), oxygen (δ18O), and neodymium (εNd) proxies were utilised to determine ocean ventilation state, temperature and salinity, and deep water mass flow pathways. Additionally, high-resolution age models based on inter-site correlations of bulk carbonate δ13C underpin the proxy records enabling valuable insight into the deep ocean structure and circulation.

 Here, I present the first reconstruction of the early-middle Eocene AMOC, which comprises of a three cell-structure with bi-polar deep-water formation, contrasting the modern two cell structure, particular in the Southern Ocean. Bi-polar deep-water formation during the ice-free early-middle Eocene has distinct implications for the stability of the future AMOC. During the transient warming event C21n.H2 hyperthermal, the southern deep cell weakened and shoaled, causing deep Atlantic ocean stratification. This shows marked Southern Ocean sensitivity to climatic warmth, which has significant implications for the future Southern Ocean. Outside of the hyperthermal, no major changes in AMOC structure were found, but obliquity driven seasonal contrasts in high-latitude insolation regulated surface ocean temperature, the hydrological cycle and high-latitude surface water density, thus modulating deep-water formation and overturning rates during the early-middle Eocene.
title: Das 4. Jahrtausend. Bericht über die Sitzung der AG Neolithikum im Rahmen der 80. Tagung des Nordwestdeutschen Verbandes für Altertumsforschung in Lübeck am 2. und 3. September 2013.
Creators: name: Link, Thomas
name: Perschke, Reena
name: Pyzel, Joanna
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: [nicht vorhanden]
(Un)Fairness Along the AI Pipeline Problems and Solutions
Creators: name: Black, Emily
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems now influence decisions impacting every
 aspect of people’s lives, from the news articles they read, to whether or not they
 receive a loan. While the use of AI may lead to great accuracy and efficiency in
 the making of these important decisions, recent news and research reports have
 shown that AI models can act unfairly: from exhibiting gender bias in hiring
 models, to racial bias in recidivism prediction systems.
 This thesis explores new methods for understanding and mitigating fairness
 issues in AI through considering how choices made throughout the process of
 creating an AI system—i.e., the modeling pipeline—impacts fairness behavior.
 First, I will show how considering a model’s end-to-end pipeline allows us to
 expand our understanding of unfair model behavior. In particular, my work
 introduces a connection between AI system stability and fairness by demonstrating
 how instability in certain parts of the modeling pipeline, namely the learning rule,
 can lead to unfairness by having important decisions rely on arbitrary modeling
 choices.
 Secondly, I will discuss how considering ML pipelines can help us expand our
 toolbox of bias mitigation techniques. In a case study investigating equity with
 respect to income in tax auditing practices, I will demonstrate how interventions
 made along the AI creation pipeline—even those not related to fairness on their
 face—can not only be effective for increasing fairness, but can often reduce
 tradeoffs between predictive utility and fairness.
 Finally, I will close with an overview of the benefits and dangers of the
 flexibility that the AI modeling pipeline affords practitioners in the creation of
 their models, including a discussion of the the legal repercussions of this flexibility,
 which I call model multiplicity.
Bandwidth Aggregation Techniques in Heterogeneous Multi-homed Devices: A Survey
Creators: name: Habak, Karim
name: Harras, Khaled A.
name: Youssef, Moustafa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The widespread deployment of various networking technologies, coupled with the exponential increase in end- user data demand, have led to the proliferation of multi-homed, or multi-interface enabled, devices. These trends drove researchers to investigate a wide spectrum of solutions, at different layers of the protocol stack, that utilize available interfaces in such devices by aggregating their bandwidth. In this survey paper, we provide an overview and examine the evolution of bandwidth aggregation solutions over time. We begin by describing the bandwidth aggregation problem. We investigate the common features of proposed bandwidth aggregation systems and break them down into two major categories: layer-dependent and layer-independent features. Afterwards, we discuss the evolution trends in the literature and discuss some open challenges requiring further research. We end the survey with a brief presentation of related work in tangential research areas.
title: Bernhard Sicherl: Das merowingerzeitliche Gräberfeld von Dortmund-Asseln.
Creators: name: Blaich, Markus C.
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Rezension zu: Bernhard Sicherl, Das merowingerzeitliche Gräberfeld von Dortmund-Asseln. Mit Beiträgen von Silke Grefen-Peters, Ursula Tegtmeier und Mike Schweissing. Bodenaltertümer Westfalens, Band 50. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2011. 465 Seiten mit 63 Abbildungen und Tabellen sowie
54 Tafeln. Leinen. ISBN 978-3-8053-4350-3
LISA Gravitational Wave Sources in A Time-Varying Galactic Stochastic Background
Creators: name: Digman, Matthew C.
name: Cornish, Neil J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A unique challenge for data analysis with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is that the noise backgrounds from instrumental noise and astrophysical sources will change significantly over both the year and the entire mission. Variations in the noise levels will be on time scales comparable to, or shorter than, the time most signals spend in the detector's sensitive band. The variation in the amplitude of the galactic stochastic GW background from galactic binaries as the antenna pattern rotates relative to the galactic center is a particularly significant component of the noise variation. LISA's sensitivity to different source classes will therefore vary as a function of sky location and time. The variation will impact both overall signal-to-noise and the efficiency of alerts to EM observers to search for multi-messenger counterparts.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
title: Role of interleukin-15 and nitric oxide expression in chronic inflammatory disease
Creators: name: Leung, Bernard P.
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Immunology.

description: Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by macrophages and fibroblasts, which mediates biological activities primarily through binding to the beta and gamma components of the IL-2 receptor, together with its own unique a chain. IL-15 induces T cell migration and activation, NK cell activation, B cell maturation and antibody production and monocyte activation. IL-15 mRNA is widely expressed in both immune and non-immune tissues and cells lines. However, the role of IL-15 in the context of any pathological situation remains unclear. Therefore, the role of IL-15 in a T helper-1 (Th1) disease prototype, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and a Th2 disease prototype, asthma, was investigated in the present study. IL-15 was identified in RA synovial fluids. Following IL-15-mediated activation, peripheral blood (PB) T cells were capable of inducing TNF-alpha production from a macrophage cell line, from syngeneic PB monocytes, and from synovial macrophage / synoviocyte co-cultures, through a cell-contact dependent mechanism which required no T cell cytokine synthesis. RA synovial fluid (SF) T cells exhibited similar properties, which were IL-15-dependent in vitro. IL-15 up-regulated CD69 expression on CD45RO+ T cells and neutralisation studies determined that such CD69 expression, in combination with LFA-1 and ICAM-1, was partly responsible for cell- contact mediated macrophage activation by T cells. Furthermore, a similar mechanism operated in regulating cell-contact-induced IL-15 production by monocytes. Thus, activated T cells appeared to be effective costimulators of TNF-alpha and IL-15 production by monocytes via cell-cell contact, thereby generating a positive feedback loop. IL-15 also modulated cytokine production and adhesion molecule expression by RA neutrophils. Finally, in a murine model, IL-15 blockade profoundly suppressed the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). This was accompanied in vitro by marked reductions in antigen-specific proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-y) synthesis by spleen cells from treated compared with control mice and in vivo by 4 significant reduction in serum anti-collagen antibody levels. Taken together, these data clearly demonstrated an important role for IL-15 in the development of inflammatory arthritis. Parallel studies established that epithelial cells and inflammatory leukocytes from the respiratory tract of asthma patients expressed IL-15. Moreover, such cells also expressed high levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and produced NO in vitro. Expression of both IL-15 and iNOS was significantly suppressed in patients receiving inhaled corticosteroid therapy. In vitro studies demonstrated synergistic upregulation of TNF-alpha by IL-15 and NO providing evidence for interactions between radical inflammatory mediators and cytokines in chronic inflammatory responses.