Monalonion schaefferi Stal 1860
Creators: name: Ferreira, Paulo Sergio Fiuza
name: Henry, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Miridae
Monalonion
Monalonion schaefferi

description: Monalonion schaefferi Stål, 1860
(Fig. 2)
Monalonion schaefferi Stål, 1860: 56 (orig. descrip.).
Capsus xanthophilus Walker, 1873: 110 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Carvalho, 1972: 140. Monalonion flavosignatun [sic] Knight, 1939: 238 (orig. descrip.). Synonymized by Carvalho, 1954: 424. Monalonion xanthophilus: Carvalho 1957: 139 (comb.)
Diagnosis. General color yellowish brown to red. Head, anterior region of pronotum, and antennae (except apex and base of first segment) shiny black. Pronotum fuscous. Middle stripe on scutellum, base of clavus, base and apex of corium and embolium pale. Cuneus and membranal veins brownish red. Length 7.60–10.00 mm.
Host. Theobroma cacao [Sterculiaceae] (Carvalho, 1972; Piart, 1977). Knight (1939) indicated that this species develops on species of Bignoniaceae, but adults “may migrate to the cacao pods where their feeding punctures may cause severe injury.”
Distribution. Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais) (Stål, 1860; Ferreira et al., 2006).
Minas Gerais specimens examined. None examined.
Other specimens examined: 1 3, 1 Ƥ, Brazil, Terezópolis, RJ, 25 Nov. 1962, Peracchi (USNM); 7 3, 7 ƤƤ (paratypes of M. flavosignatum), Brazil, Bahia, 1937, G. Bondar (USNM).
PLATE 1. Figure 1: a, pseudopulvilli of Pycnoderes dilatatus; b, pseudopulvilli of Spartacus albatus (after Carvalho, 1955a). Figure 2: Monalonium schaefferi. Habitus of female (after Carvalho, 1972). Figure 3: Monalocoris carioca. a, habitus; b, vesica; c, left paramere (ventral view); d, right paramere (after Carvalho and Gomes, 1971c). Figure 4: Monalocoris pallidiceps. Habitus (photograph by José Lino Neto). Figure 5: Head and pronotum of Macrolophus sp. (after Carvalho and Ferreira, 1994). Figure 6: Engytatus andinus. Lateral view of pygophore (after Carvalho and Ferreira, 1994). Figure 7: Campyloneuropsis infumatus. a, habitus; b, vesica; c, left paramere (after Carvalho,1947b). Figure 8: Campyloneuropsis nigroculatus. a, habitus; b, vesica; c, left paramere (after Carvalho,1947b). Figure 9: Macrolophus basicornis. a, habitus; b, left paramere; c, right paramere; d, vesica (after Carvalho, 1945c). Figure 10: Macrolophus praeclarus. a, habitus; b, vesica; c, left paramere; d, right paramere (after Carvalho, 1945c). Figure 11: Macrolophus aragarsanus. a, habitus; b, vesica; c, left paramere (after Carvalho, 1945c). Figure 12: Macrolophus cuiabanus. a, habitus; b, vesica; c, left paramere; d, right paramere (after Carvalho, 1945c).
PLATE 2. Figure 13: Tupiocoris notatus. a, habitus; b, right paramere; c, left paramere; d, lateral view of pygophore (after Maldonado, 1969). Figure 14: Tupiocoris curcubitaceus. Habitus (photograph by José Lino Neto). Figure 15: Pachymerocerista pilosus. a, habitus; b, vesica; c, left paramere; d, right paramere (after Carvalho, 1947a). Figure 16: Aspidobothrys dimidiatus. a, male habitus; b, left paramere; c, right paramere; d, vesica (after Carvalho,1949). Figure 17: Aspidobothrys flavicostus. a, habitus; b, left paramere; c, right paramere (after Felippe, 1985). Figure 18: Aspidobothrys designatus. a, male genitalia (Figs. a and b, left paramere; c, right paramere; d, vesica (after Felippe, 1985). Figure 19: Eccritotarus cruxnigrus. a, habitus; b, right paramere; c, left paramere (after Carvalho, 1953b). Figure 20: Eccritotarsus nigrocruciatus. a, habitus; b, right paramere; c, left paramere (after Carvalho, 1953b). Figure 21: Eccritotarsus compactus. a, habitus; b, vesica; c, left paramere; d, right paramere (after Carvalho and Gomes, 1971a). Figure 22: Eccritotarsus corcovadensis. Habitus (after Carvalho and Schaffner, 1986). Figure 23: Eccritotarsus hyalinus. a, habitus; b, vesica; c, left paramere; d, right paramere (after Carvalho and Gomes, 1971b).
PLATE 3. Figure 24: Eccritotarsus brasiliensis. a, habitus; b, vesica; c, left paramere; d, right paramere (after Carvalho and Gomes, 1971a). Figure 25: Eurychilella paracatua. a, habitus; b, vesica; c, left paramere; d, right paramere (after Carvalho, 1985a). Figure 26: Eurychilella discoidalis. Habitus (photograph by José Lino Neto). Figure 27: Neella caipora. a, habitus; b, left paramere; c, right paramere; d, pygophore ventral view (after Carvalho, 1948a). Figure 28: Neella cinnamomea. a, habitus; b, right paramere; c, left paramere; d, projection of pygophore (after Carvalho and Gomes, 1971b). Figure 29: Neella carmelitana. a, habitus; b, left paramere; c, right paramere; d, vesica (after Carvalho, 1945b). Figure 30: Pycnoderes palustris. a, habitus; b and c, left paramere; d, right paramere (after Carvalho, 1951a). Figure 31: Pycnoderes explanatus. a, habitus; b, right paramere; c, left paramere (after Carvalho and Rosas, 1962). Fig. 32: Pycnoderes emboliatus. Habitus (after Carvalho, 1985a). Figure 33: Pycnoderes cataguasensis. a, habitus; b, right paramere (after Carvalho, 1988).
PLATE 4. Figure 34: Pycnoderes brasiliensis. a, habitus (after Carvalho and Gomes, 1971b). Figure 35: Pycnoderes incurvus. Habitus (photograph by José Lino Neto). Figure 36: Pycnoderes sixeonotoides. a, habitus; b, left paramere, lateral view; c, left paramere, ventral view; d, right paramere, ventral view (after Carvalho and Hussey, 1954). Figure 37: Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus. a, habitus; left paramere (b, lateral view; c, dorsal view; d, left ventral view; e, ventrolateral view) (after Maldonado, 1986). Figure 38: Sinervus costalimai a, habitus; b, left paramere; c, right paramere; d, vesica (after Carvalho, 1945a). Figure 39: Sinervus barensprungi. Habitus (after Carvalho, 1945a). Figure 40: Sinervus hyalipedes. a, habitus; b, left paramere; c, vesica; d, right paramere (after Carvalho, 1945a). Figure 41: Sixeonotus minensis. a, habitus; b, left paramere; c, right paramere; d, vesica. (after Carvalho, 1985a). Figure 42: Sixeonotus carmelitanus, paratype. a, female habitus; b, left paramere; c, right paramere; d, vesica; e, pygophore (after Felippe, 1985). Figure 43: Sixeonotus brasiliensis. a, habitus; b, left paramere; c, right paramere. Figure 44: Spartacus discovittatus. a, habitus; b, right paramere; c, left paramere; d, vesica (after Carvalho, 1945a). Figure 45: Spartacus minensis. Habitus (illustration by Evaldo Martins Pires).
PLATE 5. Figure 46: Spartacus albatus. a, habitus; b, right paramere; c, left paramere; d, vesica (after Carvalho, 1945a). Figure 47: Sysinas centralis. Habitus (drawn by first author). Figure 48: Tenthecoris orchidearum. Habitus (photograph by José Lino Neto). Figure 49: Neofurius minensis a, habitus; b, vesica; c, left paramere; d, right paramere (after Carvalho, 1989). Figure 50: Neoneella minuscula. a, male, holotype; b, vesica; c, left paramere; d, right paramere (after Carvalho, 1985b). Figure 51: Stictolophus vicosensis. a, right paramere; b, vesica; c, left paramere; d–f, pygophore projection (after Carvalho, 1947c). Figure 52: Cyrtocapsus femoralis. Habitus, female. Figure 53: Eurychiloides bilobosus. a, habitus; b, vesica; c, projection of pygophore; d, ventral view of left paramere; e, ventral view of left paramere; f, right paramere (after Carvalho and Gomes, 1971b). Figure 54: Parafurius discifer. a, habitus; b, right paramere, lateral view; c, left paramere, lateral view; d, right and left paramere, dorsal view (after Maldonado, 1969).
description: Published as part of Ferreira, Paulo Sergio Fiuza & Henry, Thomas J., 2011, Synopsis and keys to the tribes, genera, and species of Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Minas Gerais, Brazil Part I: Bryocorinae, pp. 1-41 in Zootaxa 2920 on pages 31-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277915