Hybos tilokarati PLANT 2013, sp. nov.
Creators: name: PLANT, ADRIAN R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Hybotidae
Hybos
Hybos tilokarati

description: Hybos tilokarati sp. nov.
(Figs 200–206, 279, 304)
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: THAILAND, Kamphaeng Phet Province, Mae Wong National Park, Chong Yen, 16°5.212'N, 99°6.576'E, 1306 m, 29.x–5.xi.2007, Malaise trap, C. Piluek & A. Inpuang [T3693] (QSBG). PARATYPES: 5♂, 8♀, same data as holotype; 36♂, 18♀, 10–17.ix.2007, 17–24.ix.2007, 24.ix.-1.xi.2007, 12– 19.xi.2007, 22–29.x.2007, 26.xi.-3.xii.2007, 26.v.-2.vi.2008, 9–16.vi.2008, 16–24.vi.2008, 7–14.vii.2008, 21– 28.vii.2008: 1♂, Nakhon Sawan Province, Mae Wong National Park, Tha Ta Saeng, 15°55.174'N, 99°19.405'E, 168 m, 6–7.x.2007, pan trap (QSBG and NMWC).
Additional material. 3♂, 3♀, Chiang Mai Province, Doi Phahompok National Park, Doi Phaluang, 20°1.06'N, 99°9.581'E, 1449 m, Malaise trap, 7–14.x.2007 14–21.x.2007, 21–28.x.2007, 28.xi.-5.xii.2007: 5♂, 8♀, Chiang Mai Province, Doi Suthep National Park, Mueng Dist., 18°49'04.4''N, 98°53'05.7''E, 1356 m, Malaise trap, 19–30.vi.2011, 30.vii.-3.viii.2011, 3–31.viii.2011; above Wat Prathat, 18.80N, 98.92E, 1100 m, 17– 19.x.2000: 8♂, 3♀, Chiang Mai Province, Doi Inthanon National Park, Checkpoint 2, 18°31.559'N, 98°29.941'E, 1700 m, 8–15.vii.2006, 15–22.vii.2006, 2–9.viii.2006, 9–16.viii.2006, 16–24.viii.2006, 24–30.viii.2006, 24– 30.viii.2006, 21–27.ix.2006 (QSBG, NMGW, MNMG).
Etymology. Named after Tilokarat, 9 th king of the Mangrai dynasty of Lan-na.
Diagnosis. A yellow-legged species usually with clear yellow lower pleura and dirty yellowish upper pleura but with pleura darker in some individuals. The scutellum is yellow. The hind legs are rather slender in both sexes. In females the hind femur has a single row of ventral spines while in males, the spines are more numerous and form a double row on the basal half of the limb but are uniserial on the distal part. The mid tibia lacks strong setae dorsally except for 1 very long bristle near the base and the mid and hind tibiae lack distinct small bristles dorsally about the middle. No very strong isolated ventral bristle at base of mid metatarsus (although several smaller bristles usually present).
Description. Male: body length 3.5–3.8 mm. Head subshining black, thinly dusted; face black above, yellowish on ventral 0.5; all setae dark; ocellars minute, upper postoculars somewhat curved anteriorly near tip. Antenna greyish black; postpedicel ovate in lateral view, 2.5–3.0X long as wide, lacking dorsal seta; stylus bare (at 30X; a few scattered microscopic hairs visible at higher magnification), 4–5X long as postpedicel, apical 0.3 abruptly narrower, paler in certain lights. Mouthparts dark yellowish, palpus very narrow, with 1 distinct dark apical seta and a few smaller setae below. Thorax with scutum black, rather shining, very thinly dusted, more strongly yellowish pollinose on prescutellar depression; pospronotal lobe posterolaterally and postalar callus yellowish; katepisternum, meron and katatergite clear yellow; anepisternum and anepimeron darker brownish yellow, anepisternum usually with clear yellow margins (anepimeron sometimes more or less entirely yellow); anatergite and mediotergite dark yellowish brown (occasionally pleura only vaguely yellowish); scutellum yellow on disc (similar colour to katepisternum). Acrostichals ~4-serial, small, fine, widely spaced, posterior acr stronger; dc uniserial, similarly fine, posterior dc strong; a few fine hairs lateral to line of dc but prescutellar area bare; 1 strong (upper) and 1 weaker (lower) npl; pa weak; scutellum with pair of strong black bristles and several fine yellowish marginal hairs. Legs yellow, tarsomeres 3–5 on all legs dark. Coxae with pale setae, longest on C 3 and on C 1 and C 2 anteroapically. F 1 and F 2 with only fine yellowish hairs, lacking stronger bristles. F 3 not strongly inflated (Fig. 205), slightly narrowed on basal 0.5, widest at ~0.8 from base; with rather long hairs, especially proximally; ventral spines black, comprising 12–14 long bristles (as long or longer than limb is deep) immediately behind which on basal 0.5 are 6–8 much shorter spines; pv fringe strong, black on distal 0.4, becoming weaker and yellowish proximally; 1–3 distinct rather proclinate curving black bristles anteriorly on apical 0.3 and another much weaker at ~0.5. T 1 with 2–3 very fine apical setae, otherwise with short hairs. T 2 with strong black bristles 0.7X long as limb dorsally at 0.25 and anteroventrally at 0.5 from base; pubescent hairs becoming longer distally where merging with apical circlet of 4–5 much longer very fine hairs. T 3 slightly swollen apically (Fig. 205) where ~1.5X wide as at base; 1 strong apical ad and 1 shorter anteroapical setae. Tarsomeres of anterior and mid legs slender, metatarsi pubescent with longish hairs aneriorly and posteriorly, especially on mid leg; tarsomeres 1–2 on posterior leg shorter and broader, weakly spinose ventrally. Wing membrane tinged brown; veins brown; stigma distinct, brownish reaching costa at about 0.7 distance between end of R 1 and R 2+3. Squamae with yellowish fringes. Halter white, with slightly darker stem. Abdomen subshining black, paler ventrally near base; all setae pale, becoming stronger and blackish on distal sternites. Terminalia (Figs 200–203) black; right epandrial lamella with 2 closely apposed, long, blunt spines apically (Fig. 201); left epandrial lamella with elongate projection on inner margin (Figs 200, 202); left surstylus, narrow, bifurcate (Fig. 202) but rather variable, sometimes broader with smaller process of bifurcation less pronounced than indicated in figure; hypandrium rather elongate (Fig. 203) with apical fan of strong setae (somewhat variable in strength and number and varying from clear yellow to black in different individuals). Female. Differing from male as follows. Hairs on T 2, MT 1 and MT 2 much shorter. F 3 somewhat more slender (Fig. 206), at most 1.3X long as wide at tip; single row of only ~7 ventral spines, those on basal 0.5 obviously longer than limb is deep; pv fringe weaker, yellowish, restricted to distal 0.4 of limb; only 1 anterior subapical bristle. Abdomen more extensively pale ventrally; terminalia (Fig. 204) with tergite 8 and sternite 8 strongly sclerotized, black, with numerous dark setae; tergite 10 very weakly sclerotized, hardly differentiated; sternite 10 small, brownish.
Comment. Hybos tilokarati sp. nov. is largely confined to mid elevation, predominantly evergreen forest types from 1,100 –1,700 m but also in Pinus forest in the north of Thailand in the Daen Lao, Thanon Thongchai and northern Tenasserim ranges (Fig. 279). Adults have been captured during the wet season from May to early December, mostly between September and November (Fig. 304). Hybos tilokarati sp. nov. is similar to H. flaviscutellum Yang & Yang, 1986 and H. trispinatus Yang, Merz & Grootaert, 2006 from China in sharing a yellow scutellum. However H. trispinatus has black pleura and the male hind femur is less strongly bristled and in H. flaviscutellum the stylus is pilose. Occasionally, the pleura of H. tilokarati sp. nov. are only vaguely yellowish but the few examples with this condition were captured at the upper elevational limit (1,700 m) of the species and may be altitude-related colour morphs. Both H. trispinatus and H. flaviscutellum have three moderately long blunt spines at the tip of the right epandrial lamella whereas there are only two narrower spines in H. tilokarati sp. nov. Two males [T127, T187] of H. tilokarati sp. nov. from the mountain Doi Inthanon have three rather than two epandrial spines, but these are long and narrow and the form of the terminalia is otherwise no different from ‘typical’ examples captured at the same locality and are here regarded as aberrations. The male terminalia of H. tilokarati sp. nov. are also subject to some variation in the shape of the left surstylus, the lateral process of the left epandrial lamella, degree of coalescence of the two long apical spines on the right epandrial lamella and in the colour and strength of the apical setae on the hypandrium. It is possible that cryptic species await discovery but the variations in genital morphology are present in different individuals caught at the same place and time and I can find no consistent morphological differences to warrant separation of forms within H. tilokarati sp. nov. as understood here.
description: Published as part of PLANT, ADRIAN R., 2013, The genus Hybos Meigen (Diptera: Empidoidea: Hybotidae) in Thailand, pp. 1-98 in Zootaxa 3690 (1) on pages 76-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3690.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6329811