cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Lagrangian particle-tracking approach to modelling larval drift in rivers
Creators: name: McDonald, Richard R.
name: Nelson, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The migration of larval fish from spawning to rearing habitat in rivers is not well understood. This paper describes a methodology to predict larval drift using a Lagrangian particle-tracking (LPT) model with passive and active behavioural components loosely coupled to a quasi-three-dimensional hydraulic model. In the absence of measured larval drift, a heuristic approach is presented for the larval drift of two species of interest, white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and burbot (Lota lota), in the Kootenai River, Idaho. Previous studies found that many fish species prefer certain vertical zones within the water column; sturgeon tend to be found near the bottom and burbot close to the water surface. Limiting the vertical movement of larvae is incorporated into the active component of the LPT model. The results illustrate a pattern of drift where secondary flow in meander bends and other zones of flow curvature redistributes particles toward the outside of the bend for surface drifters and toward the inside of the bend for bottom drifters. This pattern periodically reinforces the intersection of drifting larvae with channel margins in meander bends. In the absence of measured larval drift data, the model provides a tool for hypothesis testing and a guide to both field and laboratory experiments to further define the role of active behaviour in drifting larvae.
MeV-scale reheating temperature and cosmological production of light sterile neutrinos
Creators: name: Hasegawa, Takuya
name: Hiroshima, Nagisa
name: Kohri, Kazunori
name: Hansen, Rasmus S. L.
name: Tram, Thomas
name: Hannestad, Steen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how sterile neutrinos with a range of masses influence cosmology in MeV-scale reheating temperature scenarios. By computing the production of sterile neutrinos through the combination of mixing and scattering in the early Universe, we find that light sterile neutrinos, with masses and mixings as inferred from short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, are consistent with big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation for the reheating temperature of ${\cal O}(1)$ MeV if the parent particle responsible for reheating decays into electromagnetic components (radiative decay). In contrast, if the parent particle mainly decays into hadrons (hadronic decay), the bound from BBN becomes more stringent. In this case, the existence of the light sterile neutrinos can be cosmologically excluded, depending on the mass and the hadronic branching ratio of the parent particle.
description: 33 pages, 10 figures, to appear in JCAP
N2H+ Observations of Molecular Cloud Cores in Taurus
Creators: name: Tatematsu, K.
name: Umemoto, T.
name: Kandori, R.
name: Sekimoto, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: N2H+ observations of molecular cloud cores in Taurus with the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope are reported. We compare ``cores with young stars'' with ``cores without young stars''. The differences in core radius, linewidth, and core mass are small. Linewidth is dominated by thermal motions in both cases. N2H+ maps show that the intensity distribution does not differ much between cores without stars and those with stars. This is in contrast to the result previously obtained in H13CO+ toward Taurus molecular cloud cores. Larger degree of depletion of H13CO+ in starless cores will be one possible explanation for this difference. We studied the physical state of molecular cloud cores in terms of ``critical pressure'' for the surface (external) pressure. There is no systematic difference between starless cores and cores with stars in this analysis. Both are not far from the critical state for pressure equilibrium. We suggest that molecular cloud cores in which thermal support is dominated evolve toward star formation by keeping close to the critical state. This result is in contrast with that obtained in the intermediate-mass star forming region OMC-2/3, where molecular cloud cores evolve by decreasing the critical pressure appreciably. We investigate the radial distribution of the integrated intensity. Cores with stars are found to have shallow (-1.8 to -1.6) power-law density profiles.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
“It made me more confident that I have it under control” : patient and provider perspectives on moving to a two-drug ART regimen in the United States and Spain
Creators: name: Davis, Wendy W.
name: Mantsios, Andrea R.
name: Karver, Tahilin Sanchez
name: Murray, Miranda I.
name: Punekar, Yogesh S.
name: Ward, Douglas J.
name: Bredeek, U. Fritz
name: Moreno, Santiago
name: Merino, Dolores
name: Knobel, Hernando J.
name: Campis, Antonio
name: Kerrigan, Deanna
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Background Two-drug regimens (2DR) to treat HIV infection have the potential to reduce long-term toxicity and increase therapeutic options for people living with HIV (PLHIV). Prior phase III trials, SWORD-1 and SWORD-2, as well as GEMINI-1 and GEMINI-2, have demonstrated that a dolutegravir-based 2DR is as effective as three- or four-drug regimens among virologically suppressed patients. Limited information exists, however, on patient and provider experiences with 2DR to inform roll-out and integration into routine clinical care. Methods We conducted 39 in-depth interviews with PLHIV currently on 2DR in the context of routine care and 8 of their clinical care providers in the United States (U.S.) and Spain. Participants included 33 male and 6 female PLHIV and 8 providers. Interview topics explored perceptions of and experiences with 2DR compared to prior anti-retroviral regimens (ARVs), side effects, patient satisfaction, and clinical performance. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results Participants viewed 2DR as a significant and positive advance, in terms of its ability to effectively treat HIV with reduced toxicity and essentially no reported side effects. Patients noted the central role providers played in the decision to switch to a 2DR regimen and, among U. S. participants, the importance of insurance coverage making this preferred option feasible. Patients and providers agreed that a 2DR regimen would be appropriate for any PLHIV regardless of whether they were treatment naïve or had significant experience with ARVs. Conclusions Participants’ experiences with a 2DR regimen were positive with no participants, reporting side effects and all reporting continued viral suppression. Providers valued the reduced toxicity offered by 2DR and served as the primary gateway to a transition to 2DR for patients in both settings. This study provides a foundation for further research on the transition to 2DR regimens in other populations and contexts including low- and middle-income settings.
Additional file 1 of T cell receptor beta germline variability is revealed by inference from repertoire data
Creators: name: Omer, Aviv
name: Peres, Ayelet
name: Rodriguez, Oscar L
name: Watson, Corey T
name: Lees, William
name: Polak, Pazit
name: Collins, Andrew M
name: Yaari, Gur
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary materials: TRB germline variability is revealed by inference from repertoire data Supplementary figures 1–14: Figure S1 Unique sequence distribution in the four data sets. Figure S2 TRBD2 and TRBJ1-6 genotypes and gene usage frequencies. Figure S3 5’ UTR nucleotide sequences of TRBV genes. Figure S4 5’ UTR nucleotide sequences of TRBV genes. Figure S5 DS2 TRB genotype heatmap. Figure S6 TRBV6-2/TRBV6-3 usage correlates to the existence of TRBV4-3and TRBV3-2 in DS1. Figure S7 Linkage disequilibrium in TRBD2 haplotype. Figure S8 Genomic correlation between TRBD2 and TRBJ1-6 in DS3. Figure S9 TRBD and TRBJ usage out of the non-functional sequences corresponds to TRBD2 genotype in DS4. Figure S10 Heatmap of TRBV4-3 genotype correlates to the TRBV7-2 genotype in DS3. Figure S11 TRBV gene usage according to the TRBV7-2 genotype in DS3. Figure S12 TRBV haplotypes for 10 individuals from DS1. Figure S13 TRBV SNPs distribution. Figure S14 IGHV SNPs distribution. Supplementary tables 1–11: Table S1 DS2 data set sources citation. Table S2 BIOMED-2 allele patterns. Table S3 Adaptive allele patterns. Table S4 The distribution parameters of the TRBD2*01 fraction accordingto the TRBD2 genotype group in DS4. Table S5 Previously unknown alleles comparison. Table S6 Incomplete allele extensions table. Table S7 5’ UTR variants. Table S8 5’ UTR undocumented sequences. Table S9 Undocumented allele verification in artificial partial libraries. Table S10 Previously unknown alleles comparison. Table S11 Previously unknown alleles comparison.
The influence of environment on satellite galaxies in the GAEA semi-analytic model
Creators: name: Xie, Lizhi
name: De Lucia, Gabriella
name: Hirschmann, Michaela
name: Fontanot, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reproducing the observed quenched fraction of satellite galaxies has been a long-standing issue for galaxy formation models. We modify the treatment of environmental effects in our state-of-the-art GAlaxy Evolution and Assembly (GAEA) semi-analytic model to improve our modelling of satellite galaxies. Specifically, we implement gradual stripping of hot gas, ram-pressure stripping of cold gas, and an updated algorithm to account for angular momentum exchanges between the gaseous and stellar disc components of model galaxies. Our updated model is in good agreement with the observed quenched fractions for central and satellite galaxies, and their dependencies on stellar mass and halo mass. We also find consistency between model predictions and observational estimates of quenching time for satellite galaxies; HI, H$_2$ fractions of central galaxies; and deficiencies of HI, H$_2$, SFR of galaxies in cluster haloes. Analysing results from our updated model, we find that the dominant quenching mechanisms are hot-gas stripping for low-mass galaxies, and AGN feedback for massive galaxies. The Ram-pressure stripping of cold gas has a limited impact on the predicted quenched fractions, nonetheless, is needed to reproduce the observed HI deficiencies.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Screening and absorption of gravitation in pre-relativistic and relativistic theories
Creators: name: von Borzeszkowski, H. -H.
name: Chrobok, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After commenting on the early search for a mechanism explaining the Newtonian action-at-a-distance gravitational law we review non-Newtonian effects occurring in certain ansatzes for shielding, screening and absorption effects in pre-relativistic theories of gravity. Mainly under the aspect of absorption and suppression (or amplification), we then consider some implications of these ansatzes for relativistic theories of gravity and discuss successes and problems in establishing a general framework for a comparison of alternative relativistic theories of gravity. We examine relativistic representatives of theories with absorption and suppression (or amplification) effects, such as fourth-order theories, tetrad theories and the Einstein-Cartan-Kibble-Sciama theory.
description: 37 pages, crckabp.sty is used, to be published in: Proceedings of the 18th Course of the School on Cosmology and Gravitation: The gravitational Constant. Generalized gravitational theories and experiments (30 April-10 May 2003, Erice). Ed. by G. T. Gillies, V. N. Melnikov and V. de Sabbata, (Kluwer), 37pp. (in print) (2003)
“It made me more confident that I have it under control” : patient and provider perspectives on moving to a two-drug ART regimen in the United States and Spain
Creators: name: Davis, Wendy W.
name: Mantsios, Andrea R.
name: Karver, Tahilin Sanchez
name: Murray, Miranda I.
name: Punekar, Yogesh S.
name: Ward, Douglas J.
name: Bredeek, U. Fritz
name: Moreno, Santiago
name: Merino, Dolores
name: Knobel, Hernando J.
name: Campis, Antonio
name: Kerrigan, Deanna
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background Two-drug regimens (2DR) to treat HIV infection have the potential to reduce long-term toxicity and increase therapeutic options for people living with HIV (PLHIV). Prior phase III trials, SWORD-1 and SWORD-2, as well as GEMINI-1 and GEMINI-2, have demonstrated that a dolutegravir-based 2DR is as effective as three- or four-drug regimens among virologically suppressed patients. Limited information exists, however, on patient and provider experiences with 2DR to inform roll-out and integration into routine clinical care. Methods We conducted 39 in-depth interviews with PLHIV currently on 2DR in the context of routine care and 8 of their clinical care providers in the United States (U.S.) and Spain. Participants included 33 male and 6 female PLHIV and 8 providers. Interview topics explored perceptions of and experiences with 2DR compared to prior anti-retroviral regimens (ARVs), side effects, patient satisfaction, and clinical performance. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results Participants viewed 2DR as a significant and positive advance, in terms of its ability to effectively treat HIV with reduced toxicity and essentially no reported side effects. Patients noted the central role providers played in the decision to switch to a 2DR regimen and, among U. S. participants, the importance of insurance coverage making this preferred option feasible. Patients and providers agreed that a 2DR regimen would be appropriate for any PLHIV regardless of whether they were treatment naïve or had significant experience with ARVs. Conclusions Participants’ experiences with a 2DR regimen were positive with no participants, reporting side effects and all reporting continued viral suppression. Providers valued the reduced toxicity offered by 2DR and served as the primary gateway to a transition to 2DR for patients in both settings. This study provides a foundation for further research on the transition to 2DR regimens in other populations and contexts including low- and middle-income settings.
Additional file 1 of vCOMBAT: a novel tool to create and visualize a computational model of bacterial antibiotic target-binding
Creators: name: Tran, Vi Ngoc-Nha
name: Shams, Alireza
name: Ascioglu, Sinan
name: Martinecz, Antal
name: Liang, Jingyi
name: Clarelli, Fabrizio
name: Mostowy, Rafal
name: Cohen, Ted
name: Abel zur Wiesch, Pia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: The tutorial of vCOMBAT web-based tool.
Electronic and vibrational spectroscopy of miscible MgO-ZnO ternary alloys
Creators: name: Aziz, K.
name: Ekuma, C. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ordered structure of MgO-ZnO alloy system is a versatile tunable optical material promising for diverse optoelectronic applications. However, isovalent and isostructural alloy compositions of MgO-ZnO are generally unstable at ambient conditions. Using state-of-the-art \textit{ab initio} evolutionary simulations, we predict and study the properties of stable phases of MgO-ZnO. We establish the dynamical stability of the predicted crystal structures through the phonon and Raman spectroscopy. Detailed analyses of two of the most stable structures reveal highly tunable properties that could be explored for photonic and optical applications.
description: 4 Figures, 2 Tables
Three-dimensional simulations of the interstellar medium in dwarf galaxies - II. Galactic wind
Creators: name: Marcolini, Andrea
name: Brighenti, Fabrizio
name: D'Ercole, Annibale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hydrodynamical evolution of galactic winds in disky dwarf galaxies moving through an intergalactic medium. In agreement with previous investigations,we find that when the ram pressure stripping does not disrupt the ISM, it usually has a negligible effect on the galactic wind dynamics. Only when the IGM ram pressure is comparable to the central ISM thermal pressure the stripping and the superwind influence each other increasing the gas removal rate. In this case several parameters regulate the ISM ejection process, as the original distribution of the ISM and the geometry of the IGM-galaxy interaction. When the ISM is not removed by the ram pressure or the wind, it loses memory of the starburst episode and recovers almost its pre-burst distribution in a timescale of 50-200 Myr. After this time another star formation episode becomes, in principle, possible. Evidently, galactic winds are consistent with a recurrent bursts star formation history. Contrary to the ISM content, the amount of the metal-rich ejecta retained by the galaxy is more sensitive to the ram pressure action. Part of the ejecta is first trapped in a low density, extraplanar gas produced by the IGM-ISM interaction, and then pushed back onto the galactic disc. The amount of trapped metals in a moving galaxy may be up to three times larger than in a galaxy at rest. This prediction may be tested comparing metallicity of dwarf galaxies in nearby poor clusters or groups, such as Virgo or Fornax, with the field counterpart. The sensitivity of the metal entrapment efficiency on the geometry of the interaction may explain part of the observed scatter in the metallicity-luminosity relation for dwarf galaxies.
description: Accepted MNRAS, 9 color figures
Interaction induced dynamical $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking in dissipative Fermi-Hubbard models
Creators: name: Pan, Lei
name: Wang, Xueliang
name: Cui, Xiaoling
name: Chen, Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamical properties of one-dimensional dissipative Fermi-Hubbard models, which are described by the Lindblad master equations with site-dependent jump operators. The corresponding non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonians with pure loss terms possess parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry if we compensate the system additionally an overall gain term. By solving the two-site Lindblad equation with fixed dissipation exactly, we find that the dynamics of rescaled density matrix shows an instability as the interaction increases over a threshold, which can be equivalently described in the scheme of non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonians. This instability is also observed in multi-site systems and closely related to the $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking accompanied by appearance of complex eigenvalues of the effective Hamiltonian. Moreover, we unveil that the dynamical instability of the anti-ferromagnetic Mott phase comes from the $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking in highly excited bands, although the low-energy effective model of the non-Hermitian Hubbard model in the strongly interacting regime is always Hermitian. We also provide a quantitative estimation of the time for the observation of dynamical $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking which could be probed in experiments.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Isospin Dependence of Power Corrections in Deep Inelastic Scattering
Creators: name: Alekhin, S. I.
name: Kulagin, S. A.
name: Liuti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a perturbative QCD analysis of deep inelastic measurements of both the deuteron and proton structure functions. We evaluate the theoretical uncertainty associated to nuclear effects in the deuteron, and we extract simultaneously the isospin depedendence of: i)the higher twists terms; ii) the ratio of the longitudinal to transverse cross sections; iii) the ratio of the neutron to proton structure functions. The extraction of the latter, in particular, has been at the center of an intense debate. Its accurate determination is crucial both theoretically and for the interpretation of the more precise neutrino experiments including the newly planned high intensity 50 GeV proton synchrotron.
description: 33 pages, 16 figures
Energy Optimization in Extrasolar Planetary Systems: The Transition from Peas-in-a-Pod to Runaway Growth
Creators: name: Adams, Fred C.
name: Batygin, Konstantin
name: Bloch, Anthony M.
name: Laughlin, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the trends found in the observed sample of extrasolar planets, this paper determines tidal equilibrium states for forming planetary systems --- subject to conservation of angular momentum, constant total mass, and fixed orbital spacing. In the low-mass limit, valid for superearth-class planets with masses of order $m_{\rm p}\sim10M_\oplus$, previous work showed that energy optimization leads to nearly equal mass planets, with circular orbits confined to a plane. The present treatment generalizes previous results by including the self-gravity of the planetary bodies. For systems with sufficiently large total mass $m_{\scriptstyle T}$ in planets, the optimized energy state switches over from the case of nearly equal mass planets to a configuration where one planet contains most of the material. This transition occurs for a critical mass threshold of approximately $m_{\scriptstyle T} \ge m_{\scriptstyle C}\sim40M_\oplus$ (where the value depends on the semimajor axes of the planetary orbits, the stellar mass, and other system properties). These considerations of energy optimization apply over a wide range of mass scales, from binary stars to planetary systems to the collection of moons orbiting the giant planets in our solar system.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Hotspots of subterranean biodiversity
Creators: name: Pipan, Tanja
name: Deharveng, Louis
name: Culver, David C.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Worldwide, caves and groundwater habitats harbor thousands of species modified and limited to subterranean habitats in karst. Data are concentrated in Europe and USA, where a number of detailed analyses have been performed. Much less is known with respect to global patterns due to a lack of data. This special issue will focus on and discuss the global patterns of individual hotspot caves and groundwater habitats.
A Survey on the Usage of Derivatives and Their Effect on Cost of Equity Capital
Creators: name: Abdullah, Azrul
name: Rosiatimah Mohd Isa
name: Ameer, Rashid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150101 Accounting Theory and Standards
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150103 Financial Accounting
subject: 150104 International Accounting

description: This research investigates the usage of derivatives and their impact on the listed companies’ cost of equity (COE) capital in Malaysia. We find that the usage of derivative instruments differs across industry sectors. Foreign exchange exposure management is one of the key components of financial risk management. Standardized over-the-counter forward contracts are used largely for hedging foreign exchange risk, while swaps are used for hedging interest rate risk. Most of the companies have policies for the derivatives activity, and internal and external auditors review such activities, either monthly and/or quarterly. VaR (value at risk) is a prominently used method for risk evaluation followed by stress testing. We also explored the behavioral factors affecting the usage of derivatives. We find that lack of expertise in handling derivatives is a source of concern for managers. Difficulty in understanding complex derivatives is perhaps an intimidating factor. The transaction costs associated with derivatives are another source of concern for managers. Last, we find several reasons for not using derivatives: not having sufficient exposure; their high cost compared with their benefits; lack of expertise; and their non-availability. Multivariate analysis does not support our central hypothesis that a negative relationship exists between the usage of derivatives and the COE capital.
COVID-19 Docking Server: A meta server for docking small molecules, peptides and antibodies against potential targets of COVID-19
Creators: name: Kong, Ren
name: Yang, Guangbo
name: Xue, Rui
name: Liu, Ming
name: Wang, Feng
name: Hu, Jianping
name: Guo, Xiaoqiang
name: Chang, Shan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Motivation: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a new type of coronavirus has been emerging from China and led to thousands of death globally since December 2019. Despite many groups have engaged in studying the newly emerged virus and searching for the treatment of COVID-19, the understanding of the COVID-19 target-ligand interactions represents a key chal-lenge. Herein, we introduce COVID-19 Docking Server, a web server that predicts the binding modes between COVID-19 targets and the ligands including small molecules, peptides and anti-bodies. Results: Structures of proteins involved in the virus life cycle were collected or constructed based on the homologs of coronavirus, and prepared ready for docking. The meta platform provides a free and interactive tool for the prediction of COVID-19 target-ligand interactions and following drug discovery for COVID-19.
On the Mott formula for the a.c. conductivity and binary correlators in the strong localization regime of disordered systems
Creators: name: Kirsch, W.
name: Lenoble, O.
name: Pastur, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method that allows us to find asymptotic form of various characteristics of disordered systems in the strong localization regime, i.e., when either the random potential is big enough or the energy is close enough to the spectrum edges. The method is based on the hypothesis that relevant realizations of the random potential in the strong localization regime have the form of deep random wells that are uniformly and chaotically distributed in the space with a sufficiently small density. Assuming this and using the density expansion, we show first that the density of wells coincides in the leading order with the density of states. Thus the density of states is in fact the small parameter of the theory in the strong localization regime. Then we derive the Mott formula for the low frequency conductivity and the asymptotic formulas for certain two-point correlators when the difference of respective energies is small.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures, LateX, submitted to J.Phys.A
Summaries of Group Discussion
Creators: name: Singh, Katar
name: Tyagi, D. S.
name: Deshpande, S. H.
name: Singh, Katar
name: Tyagi, D. S.
name: Deshpande, S. H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Demand and Price Analysis
Labor and Human Capital

description: Subject I: Labour Absorption in Agricultural and Rural Development Subject II: Issues in Agricultural Price Determination and Price Policy Subject III: Changes in Agrarian Structure and Agrarian Relationships in the States of India Since Independence
Hotspots of subterranean biodiversity
Creators: name: Pipan, Tanja
name: Deharveng, Louis
name: Culver, David C.
Publisher: name: Diversity
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Worldwide, caves and groundwater habitats harbor thousands of species modified and limited to subterranean habitats in karst. Data are concentrated in Europe and USA, where a number of detailed analyses have been performed. Much less is known with respect to global patterns due to a lack of data. This special issue will focus on and discuss the global patterns of individual hotspot caves and groundwater habitats.
Secure and efficient synchronization scheme for quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Liu, Peng
name: Yin, Hua-Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To establish a time reference frame between two users in quantum key distribution, a synchronization calibration process is usually applied for the case of using gated mode single-photon detectors (SPDs). Traditionally, the synchronization calibration is independently implemented by the line length measurement for each SPD. However, this will leave a loophole which has been experimentally demonstrated by a special attack. Here, we propose an alternative synchronization scheme by fixing the relative delay of the signal time window among all SPDs and jointly performing the line length measurement with multiple SPDs under combining low-precision with high-precision synchronization. The new scheme is not only immune to the vulnerability but also improves the synchronization time from usually a few seconds to tens of milliseconds.
description: 7 pages and 5 figures
Dynamic Camouflage in Sepia officinalis: Reproductive Versus Foraging Trade-Offs
Creators: name: Dedovic, Boban
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Marine Biology

description: 1.1 Research Purpose.The European cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) is a marine mollusk widely recognized for its ability to quickly change both the color and texture of its skin. Unlike other organisms that can disguise themselves partially, S. officinalis has the capacity to camouflage itself completely to almost any marine environment. Its bodily plasticity is also superb because it can change its shape. This ability is easily understood with respect to its evolutionary value in foraging and self-defense. However, the role that this trait plays with respect to mating and reproduction is less understood. Insofar as may be observed, S. officinalis’ dynamic camouflage (DC) likely requires trade-offs between foraging and reproductive utility, such that benefits for one come at the expense of another.
1.2. Nature of Inquiry and Ecological Scope.The present paper is an inquiry into the nature of DC used by S. officinalis, in order to understand its trade-offs with respect to reproductive versus foraging utility. The scope of this inquiry is well suited for parsing into two distinct ecological topics, each taken up in turn. First, it is beneficial to understand the extent to which DC is used in mating versus foraging activities—that is, its relevance with respect to natural versus sexual selection.1 Second, it must be determined if DC plays a primary, secondary, or tertiary role in each activity. Knowledge of these two areas provides a vantage point whereby the life history trait trade-offs may be seen more clearly.
1.3. Research Structure.First, I will provide an overview of S. officinalis and its dynamic camouflage. Next, I will discuss how this trait is used in both reproductive and foraging contexts. Finally, I will provide a discussion which compares and contrasts these use cases by offering several observed trade-offs. No original data is being provided; instead, all findings will be based on prior empirical studies, which were conducted by respected investigators.
Infrared 3-4 Micron Spectroscopic Investigations of a Large Sample of Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
Creators: name: Imanishi, Masatoshi
name: Dudley, C. C.
name: Maloney, Philip R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present infrared L-band (3-4 micron) nuclear spectra of a large sample of nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs).ULIRGs classified optically as non-Seyferts (LINERs, HII-regions, and unclassified) are our main targets. Using the 3.3 micron polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission and absorption features at 3.1 micron due to ice-covered dust and at 3.4 micron produced by bare carbonaceous dust, we search for signatures of powerful active galactic nuclei (AGNs) deeply buried along virtually all lines-of-sight. The 3.3 micron PAH emission, the signatures of starbursts, is detected in all but two non-Seyfert ULIRGs, but the estimated starburst magnitudes can account for only a small fraction of the infrared luminosities. Three LINER ULIRGs show spectra typical of almost pure buried AGNs, namely, strong absorption features with very small equivalent-width PAH emission. Besides these three sources, 14 LINER and 3 HII ULIRGs' nuclei show strong absorption features whose absolute optical depths suggest an energy source more centrally concentrated than the surrounding dust, such as a buried AGN. In total, 17 out of 27 (63%) LINER and 3 out of 13 (23%) HII ULIRGs' nuclei show some degree of evidence for powerful buried AGNs, suggesting that powerful buried AGNs may be more common in LINER ULIRGs than in HII ULIRGs. The evidence of AGNs is found in non-Seyfert ULIRGs with both warm and cool far-infrared colors. These spectra are compared with those of 15 ULIRGs' nuclei with optical Seyfert signatures taken for comparison.The overall spectral properties suggest that the total amount of dust around buried AGNs in non-Seyfert ULIRGs is systematically larger than that around AGNs in Seyfert 2 ULIRGs.
description: 56 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ (20 January 2006, vol 637 issue)
A survey of max-type recursive distributional equations
Creators: name: Aldous, David J.
name: Bandyopadhyay, Antar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60E05, 62E10, 68Q25, 82B44. (Primary)

description: In certain problems in a variety of applied probability settings (from probabilistic analysis of algorithms to statistical physics), the central requirement is to solve a recursive distributional equation of the form X =^d g((ξ_i,X_i),i\geq 1). Here (ξ_i) and g(\cdot) are given and the X_i are independent copies of the unknown distribution X. We survey this area, emphasizing examples where the function g(\cdot) is essentially a ``maximum'' or ``minimum'' function. We draw attention to the theoretical question of endogeny: in the associated recursive tree process X_i, are the X_i measurable functions of the innovations process (ξ_i)?
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051605000000142 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Are there Thermodynamical Degrees of Freedom of Gravitation?
Creators: name: Borzeszkowski, H. -H. v.
name: Chrobok, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In discussing fundamentals of general-relativistic irreversible continuum thermodynamics, this theory is shown to be characterized by the feature that no thermodynamical degrees of freedom are ascribed to gravitation. However, accepting that black hole thermodynamics seems to oppose this harmlessness of gravitation one is called on consider other approaches. Therefore, in brief some gravitational and thermodynamical alternatives are reviewed.
description: 7 pages, revtex document
Additional file 2 of A whole system approach to increasing children’s physical activity in a multi-ethnic UK city: a process evaluation protocol
Creators: name: Hall, Jennifer
name: Bingham, Daniel D.
name: Seims, Amanda
name: Dogra, Sufyan Abid
name: Burkhardt, Jan
name: Nobles, James
name: McKenna, Jim
name: Bryant, Maria
name: Barber, Sally E.
name: Daly-Smith, Andy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. JU:MP programme plan. A table providing a description of each of the 15 JU:MP work streams.
When paywall goes AWOL : The demand for open-access education research
Creators: name: Gershenson, Seth
name: Polikoff, Morgan S.
name: Wang, Rui
Publisher: name: Educational Researcher
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education

description: As universities cut library funding and forego expensive journal subscriptions, many academic organizations and researchers, including the American Educational Research Association (AERA), are moving toward open-access publications that are freely downloadable by anyone with a working internet connection. However, the impact of paywalls on the consumption of academic articles is unclear. We provide novel evidence on this question by exploiting a natural experiment in which six high-impact, usually gated AERA journals became open access for a 2-month period in 2017. Using monthly download data and an always-open-access journal as a comparison group, we show that making journals open access likely increased article downloads in those journals by 55% to 95% per month. Given a per-article download price of $36, this suggests a relatively elastic response: The average price elasticity of demand for downloads is 1.2, with individual journal elasticities ranging from 0.6 to 2.
Additional file 1 of The dynamics of frailty development and progression in older adults in primary care in England (2006–2017): a retrospective cohort profile
Creators: name: Fogg, Carole
name: Fraser, Simon D. S.
name: Roderick, Paul
name: de Lusignan, Simon
name: Clegg, Andrew
name: Brailsford, Sally
name: Barkham, Abigail
name: Patel, Harnish P.
name: Windle, Vivienne
name: Harris, Scott
name: Zhu, Shihua
name: England, Tracey
name: Evenden, Dave
name: Lambert, Francesca
name: Walsh, Bronagh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Entry and exit to the cohort in each calendar year by age group. Supplemental Table 2. Entry and exit to the cohort in each calendar year by frailty category. Supplemental Table 3. Mean length of follow-up by age group and frailty category.
Deterministic modeling of breeding programs that incorporate genomic selection
Creators: name: Moreno, Nelson Cala
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 70201 Animal Breeding
subject: FOS: Animal and dairy science

description: Deterministic modeling of breeding programs that incorporate genomic selection
Single polymer dynamics: coil-stretch transition in a random flow
Creators: name: Gerashchenko, S.
name: Chevallard, C.
name: Steinberg, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By quantitative studies of statistics of polymer stretching in a random flow and of a flow field we demonstrate that the stretching of polymer molecules in a 3D random flow occurs rather sharply via the coil-stretch transition at the value of the criterion close to theoretically predicted.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Artículo congreso toluca 2015.pdf
Creators: name: Moreno, Nelson Cala
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 70201 Animal Breeding
subject: FOS: Animal and dairy science

description: Deterministic modeling of breeding programs that incorporate genomic selection
Overselling globalization : The misleading conflation of economic globalization and immigration, and the subsequent backlash
Creators: name: Castaneda-Tinoco, Ernesto
name: Shemesh, Amber
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Many think that immigration is something caused by globalization, and some subsequently blame immigrants for the increased inequalities produced by economic globalization. Xenophobic nationalism has gained popularity around the world, further increasing racial tensions but without addressing the underlying causes of growing socioeconomic inequality, which this paper strives to show is caused by economic policies, not immigration. This paper argues that the apparent retreat from globalization arises from the flawed conceptualization of globalization as a bundle of different processes. This study analyzes early framings of economic globalization and shows how it has been linked, for political reasons, to increased migration, diversity, and open borders. Coining the term globalization was not just naming ongoing social change, but it became part of the branding of an elite ideological policy project. The popular framing of globalization purposely entangled independent phenomena such as free trade policies, the expansion of the internet, cosmopolitan identities, and international migration. These couplings brought together neoliberal conservatives and liberal cosmopolitans. Given the current backlash, it is essential to distinguish migration from policies favoring trade and capital movement across borders. It is noteworthy to remember that immigration is something that preceded globalization. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how migration became entangled with globalization in the popular imagination.
Systematics of Brucepattersonius Hershkovitz, 1998 (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae): molecular species delimitation and morphological analyses suggest an overestimation in species diversity
Creators: name: Abreu, Edson Fiedler
name: Jung, Diego Marques Henriques
name: Christoff, Alexandre Uarth
name: Valiati, Victor Hugo
name: Jansa, Sharon A.
name: Percequillo, Alexandre Reis
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The genus Brucepattersonius currently includes eight valid species from the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil and north-eastern Argentina. Most of those species were described in the past 20 years, based on very small sample sizes: four species are known only from their type localities. Concerns on the taxonomic validity of some Brucepattersonius species have been raised in the recent literature. In this study, we present a phylogenetic hypothesis including samples throughout the distribution of the genus (among them the holotypes of two species) and employed single-locus molecular species delimitation analyses to provide a new hypothesis for species limits within Brucepattersonius. We also analysed intra- and interpopulation morphological and morphometric variation to apply an integrative taxonomic approach to species delimitation. Our phylogenetic inference of molecular data recovered four strongly supported clades within Brucepattersonius, which were recognized as distinct operational taxonomic units in all species delimitation analyses. The first two clades represent the Caparaó mountain range endemic B. griserufescens and its sister-group, the recently described species B. nebulosus. The third clade comprises several specimens assigned to B. soricinus but also includes the holotype of B. igniventris; we revise these species limits accordingly. The last clade is composed of samples from southern Brazil assigned to B. iheringi. Based on morphological and morphometric analyses, we find no clear structure among the three described species from Misiones Province, Argentina (B. guarani, B. misionensis and B. paradisus) and B. inheringi from southern Brazil, suggesting that those samples represent a single species. Therefore, in the present study we propose that the genus Brucepattersonius comprises only four diagnosable species: B. griserufescens (including B. albinasus), B. nebulosus, B. soricinus (including B. igniventris) and B. iheringi (including B. guarani, B. misionensis and B. paradisus).
Synchronized clusters in coupled map networks: Self-organized and driven phase synchronization
Creators: name: Jalan, Sarika
name: Amritkar, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the synchronization of coupled maps on a variety of networks including regular one and two dimensional networks, scale free networks, small world networks, tree networks, and random networks. For small coupling strengths nodes show turbulent behavior but form phase synchronized clusters as coupling increases. We identify two different ways of cluster formation, self-organized clusters which have mostly intra-cluster couplings and driven clusters which have mostly inter-cluster couplings. The synchronized clusters may be of dominant self-organized type, dominant driven type or mixed type depending on the type of network and the parameters of the dynamics. There are some nodes of the floating type that show intermittent behaviour between getting attached to some clusters and evolving independently. The residence times of a floating node in a synchronized cluster show an exponential distribution. We define different states of the coupled dynamics by considering the number and type of synchronized clusters. For the local dynamics governed by the logistic map we study the phase diagram in the plane of the coupling constant ($ε$) and the logistic map parameter ($μ$). For large coupling strengths and nonlinear coupling we find that the scale free networks and the Caley tree networks lead to better cluster formation than the other types of networks with the same average connectivity. For most of our study we use the number of connections of the order of the number of nodes which allows us to distinguish between the two mechanisms of cluster formation. As the number of connections increases the number of nodes forming clusters and the size of the clusters in general increase.
description: Revtex, 21 pages, 19 postscript figures. Submitted to PRE