cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Question Relatedness on Stack Overflow: The Task, Dataset, and Corpus-inspired Models
Creators: name: Shirani, Amirreza
name: Xu, Bowen
name: Lo, David
name: Solorio, Thamar
name: Alipour, Amin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Domain-specific community question answering is becoming an integral part of professions. Finding related questions and answers in these communities can significantly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of information seeking. Stack Overflow is one of the most popular communities that is being used by millions of programmers. In this paper, we analyze the problem of predicting knowledge unit (question thread) relatedness in Stack Overflow. In particular, we formulate the question relatedness task as a multi-class classification problem with four degrees of relatedness. We present a large-scale dataset with more than 300K pairs. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset is the largest domain-specific dataset for Question-Question relatedness. We present the steps that we took to collect, clean, process, and assure the quality of the dataset. The proposed dataset Stack Overflow is a useful resource to develop novel solutions, specifically data-hungry neural network models, for the prediction of relatedness in technical community question-answering forums. We adopt a neural network architecture and a traditional model for this task that effectively utilize information from different parts of knowledge units to compute the relatedness between them. These models can be used to benchmark novel models, as they perform well in our task and in a closely similar task.
Additional file 2 of Lack of sexual behavior disclosure may distort STI testing outcomes
Creators: name: Kumar, Navin
name: Forastiere, Laura
name: Zhang, Tiange
name: Yang, Fan
name: Li, Katherine T.
name: Tang, Weiming
name: Tucker, Joseph D.
name: Christakis, Nicholas A.
name: Alexander, Marcus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2 Table S1. Outness, Sexual Behavior and Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Test Choice Among Chinese MSM.
An analysis of the observed radio emission from planetary nebulae
Creators: name: Siodmiak, N.
name: Tylenda, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analysed the radio fluxes for 264 planetary nebulae for which reliable measurements of fluxes at 1.4 and 5 GHz, and of nebular diameters are available. For many of the investigated nebulae the optical thickness is important, especially at 1.4 GHz. Simple models like the one specified only by a single optical thickness or spherical, constant density shells do not account satisfactorily for the observations. Also an r^{-2} density distribution is ruled out. A reasonable representation of the observations can be obtained by a two-component model having regions of two different values of optical thickness. We show that the nebular diameters smaller than 10 arcsec are uncertain, particularly if they come from photographic plates or gaussian fitting to the radio profile. While determining the interstellar extinction from an optical to radio flux ratio caution should be paid to optical thickness effects in the radio. We have developed a method for estimating the value of self absorption. At 1.4 GHz self absorption of the flux is usually important and can exceed a factor of 10. At 5 GHz self absorption is negligible for most of the objects although in some cases it can reach a factor of 2. The Galactic bulge planetary nebulae when used to calibrate the Shklovsky method give the mean nebular mass of 0.14 solar mass. The statistical uncertainty of the Shklovsky distances is smaller than factor 1.5.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures, latex2e
Estimation of interannual trends of ammonia emissions from agriculture in Jiangsu Province from 2000 to 2017
Creators: name: Jiayu HUANG
name: Ruonan XIONG
name: FANG, Li
name: Tianling LI
name: Weishou SHEN
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: As the only alkaline gas in the atmosphere, ammonia could react with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides to form the secondary particles. A large amount of NH3 in the atmosphere accelerates the rate of formation of fine particles; it therefore plays an important role in haze pollution. Livestock and poultry farming and nitrogen fertilizer application are the two main NH3 emission sources. Jiangsu Province contributes the largest proportion of NH3 emissions from agriculture in key areas of national air pollution control in China. The aims of this study are to investigate NH3 emissions from agriculture in Jiangsu Province using the emissions factor method, and analyze and summarize the characteristics and trends of NH3 emissions from 2000 to 2017. Results show that the NH3 emissions from agriculture in Jiangsu Province from 2000 to 2017 were mainly contributed by livestock and poultry farming (78.08%) and nitrogen fertilizer application (21.92%). Furthermore, a general fluctuation trend of an initial decrease and then an increase, of NH3 emissions from agriculture, could be found from 2000 to 2012, with minimum NH3 emissions in 2007 (708.76 kt yr−1) and maximum emissions in 2012 (837.64 kt yr−1); and then a decreasing trend was apparent from 2012 (837.64 kt yr−1) to 2017 (690.64 kt yr−1). A detailed estimation of the interannual trends and potential measures are also proposed. This study provides a solid theoretical foundation for the development of NH3 emissions control in Jiangsu Province.
Algal Bio-fuel: A sustainable source of energy
Creators: name: Nivedita Singh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Botany
subject: 60701 Phycology (incl. Marine Grasses)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Algal biofuels review
A quasiprobability distribution for heat fluctuations in the quantum regime
Creators: name: Levy, Amikam
name: Lostaglio, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard approach to deriving fluctuation theorems fails to capture the effect of quantum correlation and coherence in the initial state of the system. Here we overcome this difficulty and derive heat exchange fluctuation theorem in the full quantum regime by showing that the energy exchange between two locally thermal states in the presence of initial quantum correlations is faithfully captured by a quasiprobability distribution. Its negativities, being associated with proofs of contextuality, are proxys of non-classicality. We discuss the thermodynamic interpretation of negative probabilities, and provide heat flow inequalities that can only be violated in their presence. Remarkably, testing these fully quantum inequalities, at arbitrary dimension, is not more difficult than testing traditional fluctuation theorems. We test these results on data collected in a recent experiment studying the heat transfer between two qubits, and give examples for the capability of witnessing negative probabilities at higher dimensions.
description: This latest and final version of the manuscript includes substantial new results
Defining Functional Therapy in Research Involving Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Geijen, Mellanie
name: Ketelaar, Marjolijn
name: Sakzewski, Leanne
name: Palisano, Robert
name: Rameckers, Eugene
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Science Policy
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Aim: To review definitions and elements of interventions in studies, which used the word “functional” to describe their intervention for children with cerebral palsy (CP), and to determine whether definitions and elements are similar to criteria of functional therapy described in the Dutch Guidelines. Methods: Systematic review of intervention studies, which used the word “functional” to describe interventions for children with CP. We described criteria of functional therapy that were used to describe the intervention, and whether criteria were described similarly to the descriptions used in the Dutch Guidelines. Results: Of the 27 included studies, criteria “based on the activities/participation level of the ICF-CY”, “goal-directed” and “context-specific” were referred to the most (40–59.3%). Descriptions of these criteria were less comparable to the suggested definition (43.8–69.2%). The remaining three criteria (“active involvement”, “task-specific”, and “focused on functionality instead of normality”) were referred to less frequently (18.5–33.3%). The descriptions reported for these criteria were, however, the most comparable with the suggested definitions (80–100%). Conclusions: The included studies, in general have not used criteria of functional therapy. Future studies have to describe the elements of interventions in detail. Moreover, it is important to reach consensus on the definition and elements of functional therapy.
Systelloderes Blanchard 1852
Creators: name: Baňař, Petr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Enicocephalidae
Systelloderes

description: Systelloderes Blanchard, 1852
 Systelloderes Blanchard, 1852 in BLANCHARD & SPINOLA (1852: 224). Type species: Systelloderes moschatus Blanchard, 1852 in BLANCHARD & SPINOLA (1852: 224), by monotypy.
description: Published as part of Baňař, Petr, 2008, A new species of Systelloderes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalidae) from South Africa, pp. 233-240 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 48 (2) on page 234, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5340866
High-temperature deep-level transient spectroscopy system for defect studies in wide-bandgap semiconductors
Creators: name: Majdi, S.
name: Gabrysch, M.
name: Suntornwipat, N.
name: Burmeister, F.
name: Jonsson, R.
name: Kovi, K. K.
name: Hallen, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Full investigation of deep defect states and impurities in wide-bandgap materials by employing commercial transient capacitance spectroscopy is a challenge, demanding very high temperatures. Therefore, a high-temperature deep-level transient spectroscopy (HT-DLTS) system was developed for measurements up to 1100 K. The upper limit of the temperature range allows for the study of deep defects and trap centers in the bandgap, deeper than previously reported by DLTS characterization in any material. Performance of the system was tested by conducting measurements on the well-known intrinsic defects in n-type 4H-SiC in the temperature range 300-950 K. Experimental observations performed on 4H-SiC Schottky diodes were in good agreement with the literatures. However, the DLTS measurements were restricted by the operation and quality of the electrodes.
Resonant state expansion applied to one-dimensional quantum systems
Creators: name: Tanimu, A.
name: Muljarov, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The resonant state expansion, a rigorous perturbation theory, recently developed in electrodynamics, is applied to non-relativistic quantum mechanical systems in one dimension. The method is used here for finding the resonant states in various potentials approximated by combinations of Dirac delta functions. The resonant state expansion is first verified for a triple quantum well system, showing convergence to the available analytic solution as the number of resonant states in the basis increases. The method is then applied to multiple quantum well and barrier structures, including finite periodic systems. Results are compared with the eigenstates in triple quantum wells and infinite periodic potentials, revealing the nature of the resonant states in the studied systems.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
The regional nature of nitrate-dominant haze pollution during autumn over the Pearl River Delta area
Creators: name: Junchen GUO
name: Shengzhen ZHOU
name: SUN, Xi
name: Minjuan HUANG
name: Hanying DONG
name: CHANG, Ming
name: FAN, Qi
name: Shaojia FAN
name: Xuemei WANG
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology

description: China has experienced severe haze and visibility degradation problems in recent years because of rapid urbanization and industrialization. In this study, daily atmospheric fine-aerosol samples were concurrently collected at three sites over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region during 1–29 October 2014. PM2.5 samples were analyzed for organic carbon and elemental carbon using a thermal/optical carbon analyzer. Major water-soluble inorganic ions including F−, Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ were analyzed by ion chromatography. The results show that the temporal variations of PM2.5 concentration at the three sites were highly parallel, with particle pollution events simultaneously observed during 13–19 October (EP1) and 23–27 October (EP2), suggesting that pollution events in the PRD region are usually regional. This can most likely be attributed to the significant influences of synoptic conditions, which regionally facilitate or block diffusion of air pollutants. The chemical compositions of PM2.5 at the three sites were also found to be similar, dominated by organics and sulfates. The results indicate that accumulation of traffic emissions seems to play important roles in particle pollution for the PRD region, leading in this case to elevated nitrate contributions during both EP1 and EP2 at the three sites. Moreover, the authors found that locally emitted aerosols from biomass burning only markedly influenced the air condition at one site, Nanhai, during EP1, while regionally transported biomass burning aerosols from eastern and northern Guangdong Province influenced all three sampling sites when the PRD was dominated by polluted air from these directions during EP2.
Leading order corrections to the Bethe-Heitler process in the $γp\rightarrow l^+l^-p$ reaction
Creators: name: Heller, Matthias
name: Tomalak, Oleksandr
name: Vanderhaeghen, Marc
name: Wu, Shihao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ratio of di-lepton production cross sections on a proton, using the $γp\rightarrow l^+ l^- p$ process, above and below di-muon production threshold allows to extract the effective lepton-proton interaction, which is required to be identical for electrons and muons if lepton universality is exact. To test for a scenario of broken universality at the percent level, of the size which could explain the different proton charge radii extracted from electron scattering and from muonic hydrogen spectroscopy, we evaluate all one-loop QED corrections to this process, including the full lepton mass dependencies. We furthermore show that two-photon exchange processes with both photons attached to the proton line vanish after averaging over di-lepton angles, and estimate the relatively small radiation off the proton. We compare the full one-loop calculation with a soft-photon approximation of the same order, and present estimates for a planned experiment.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1802.07174
The Veiled Statuary: A Lesson from Sculpture to Vision Psychology : Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Roncato, Sergio
name: Roncato, Fabio
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 170112 Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Visual artists can be considered the precursors of students of the visual system. Paintings and graphic arts have been attentively examined by vision scientists, while sculpture has been considered less. Here we intend to fill this gap by illustrating how artists faced what seems an impossible challenge: to carve a stone so that it looks like a transparent veil. The success of the artists in reproducing the veil can be assessed by exploring the hundreds of Internet pages dedicated to ‘veiled statuary’. We chose some of the most admired statues and tried to ‘glean’ the sculptor’s technique. Two of these artworks are the work of Greek artists, the other statues were carved by baroque and modern sculptors. We did not find a single technique but, rather, a diversity of solutions, as is to be expected in an exploration in which opposites must be reconciled: an observer has to catch the presence of something elastic, thin, and transparent in a surface made of a rigid and opaque material. We checked the ability of the sculptor to render such properties by submitting samples of veiled statues to some observers who were asked to judge the strength of the veiling effect, and to categorize the perceived materials and features, such as transparency and thinness. The results confirm the artists’ knowledge of visual cues that are able to convey a complex set of information and meanings: material categorization, materials properties, perceptual decomposition of surfaces, completion of perceptual fragments into unitary percepts.
Additional file 1 of A context-free encoding scheme of protein sequences for predicting antigenicity of diverse influenza A viruses
Creators: name: Zhou, Xinrui
name: Yin, Rui
name: Kwoh, Chee-Keong
name: Zheng, Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Virology

description: Performances of three encoding schemes on transfer learning. A PDF document presenting full results, including accuracy, precision, recall and F-score, of transfer learning using the three encoding schemes (MutCounts, RegionBand and CFreeEnS). (PDF 115 kb)
Spatial and temporal variability of open biomass burning in Northeast China from 2003 to 2017
Creators: name: WANG, Lili
name: JIN, Xin
name: Qinglu WANG
name: Huiqin MAO
name: Qiyang LIU
name: Guoqing WENG
name: Yuesi WANG
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Open biomass burning (OBB) has a significant impact on the heavy haze pollution in Northeast China (NEC) in recent years, which requires the investigation of the spatiotemporal variations of OBB with different vegetation types to better monitor and control OBB in NEC. The MODIS C6 fire and land cover products, together with the emissions inventory from the Global Fire Assimilation System, were used in this study. The changes in the total number of MODIS fire points in NEC from 2003 to 2017 demonstrated a fluctuating but generally rising trend, with a peak during 2013–2017. Most fire points concentrated in two key periods, i.e. March–April (37%) and October–November (46%). The total number of crop residue burnings in March–April was basically slightly fluctuating and increased sharply from 2013, whilst the number in October–November had a fluctuating and upward trend until 2015, when a decline appeared. The amount of OBB in March–April was higher than that in October–November during 2016–17. OBB in Heilongjiang Province comprised a major proportion of all fires, which accounted for 70.7% from 2003 to 2017; however, the proportion was only 66.2% during 2013–2017. The largest proportion of all fires was in cropland (90.8%), then forest (5.3%) and grassland (3.1%). The cumulative emissions of fine particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia from agricultural open burning in NEC reached 78.43 Gg, 24.9 Gg, and 13.7 Gg for March–April during 2013–17, respectively, which were close to those in October–November. Graphical abstract
Psychopomporus felipi JEAN, TELLES, AND MILLER 2011, new species
Creators: name: Jean, April
name: Telles, Nicole D.
name: Gibson, J. Randy
name: Foley, Dan
name: Miller, Kelly B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Dytiscidae
Psychopomporus
Psychopomporus felipi

description: Psychopomporus felipi Jean, Telles, and Miller, new species
(Figs. 1–7)
description: Published as part of Jean, April, Telles, Nicole D., Gibson, J. Randy, Foley, Dan & Miller, Kelly B., 2012, Description of a New Genus and Species of Stygobiontic Diving Beetle, Psychopomporus felipiJean, Telles, and Miller (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae), from the Edwards-Trinity Aquifer System of Texas, USA, pp. 105-110 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 66 (2) on page 106, DOI: 10.1649/072.066.0202, http://zenodo.org/record/7311791
Electron Dynamics in AC-Driven Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Creffield, C. E.
name: Platero, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of interacting electrons confined to two types of quantum dot system, when driven by an external AC field. We first consider a system of two electrons confined to a pair of coupled quantum dots by using an effective two-site model of Hubbard-type. Numerically integrating the Schroedinger equation in time reveals that for certain values of the strength and frequency of the field the tunneling between the dots can be destroyed, thus allowing the correlated two-electron states to be manipulated. We then show how Floquet theory can be used to predict the field parameters at which this effect occurs. We then consider the case of confining the electrons to a single two-dimensional quantum dot in the limit of low particle-density. In this system the electrons form strongly correlated states termed Wigner molecules, in which the Coulomb interaction causes them to become highly localised in space. Again using an effective model of Hubbard-type, we investigate how the AC field can drive the dynamics of the Wigner states. As before, we find that the AC field can be used to control the tunneling between various charge configurations, and we relate this to the presence of avoided crossings in the Floquet quasi-energy spectrum. These results hold out the exciting possibility of using AC fields to control the time evolution of entangled states in mesoscopic devices, which has great relevance to the rapidly advancing field of quantum information processing.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, "The Anderson Transition and its Ramifications: Localization, Quantum Interference and Interactions", Lecture Notes of Physics Series, ed. T. Brandes and S. Kettemann, Springer Verlag, to be published
Impact of an accidental explosion in Tianjin Port on enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition over the Bohai Sea inferred from aerosol nitrate dual isotopes
Creators: name: ZONG, Zheng
name: Zeyu SUN
name: TAN, Yang
name: Chongguo TIAN
name: QU, Lin
name: JI, Ling
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: In recent years, emergent pollutant’s accidents have occurred frequently in China, causing serious harm to the ecological environment. In this study, the impact of an accidental fire and explosion at Tianjin Port in 2015 on the atmosphere over the Bohai Sea was explored. Results showed sharp increases in the concentrations of several important components of fine particulate matter (e.g. NO3−, SO42−, NH4+, organic carbon, elemental carbon) over Beihuangcheng Island after the explosion. Among them, NO3− was most affected (about 10 days), with a maximum concentration of 16.45 μg m−3. The δ15N-NO3− ranged from −1.58‰ to +8.74‰, with an average of +2.79‰ ± 3.32‰. Influenced by the explosion, δ15N-NO3− decreased significantly, which was in accordance with the industrial processes of explosives. The δ18O-NO3− varied between +49.40‰ and +69.52‰, and showed a marked increase (+66.62‰ ± 3.92‰) in the explosion-affected period. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the •OH pathway for NO3− formation was 51.79% ± 10.94% at that time — much lower than in the regular period. The elevated dry deposition of NO3− caused by the explosion was 266.08 μmol N m−2 d−1 over the Bohai Sea — again, much higher than in the regular period. With the dry nitrogen deposition of NH4+ (42.41 μmol N m−2 d−1), the total nitrogen deposition increased by 308.49 μmol N m−2 d−1, leading to severe ecological risk. Through the inverse computation of the dry deposition flux of NO3−, the affected area over the Bohai Sea was less than 1.42 × 104 km2, which is about 20% of the total area.
CESM-setup-notes_SES2016.pdf
Creators: name: Shantong Sun
name: Eisenman, Ian
name: Stewart, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 40503 Physical Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Setup notes for CESM1 simulations in which only the ocean is active and the atmosphere, sea ice, and land runoff are specified from previous coupled simulations.
 Reference: S. Sun, I. Eisenman, and A. Stewart (2016). The influence of Southern Ocean surface buoyancy forcing on glacial-interglacial changes in the global deep ocean stratification. Geophys Res Lett 43, 8124-8132.
Simulation of Silicon Waveguide Single-Photon Avalanche Detectors for Integrated Quantum Photonics
Creators: name: Yanikgonul, Salih
name: Leong, Victor
name: Ong, Jun Rong
name: Png, Ching Eng
name: Krivitsky, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrated quantum photonics, which allows for the development and implementation of chip-scale devices, is recognized as a key enabling technology on the road towards scalable quantum networking schemes. However, many state-of-the-art integrated quantum photonics demonstrations still require the coupling of light to external photodetectors. On-chip silicon single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) provide a viable solution as they can be seamlessly integrated with photonic components, and operated with high efficiencies and low dark counts at temperatures achievable with thermoelectric cooling. Moreover, they are useful in applications such as LIDAR and low-light imaging. In this paper, we report the design and simulation of silicon waveguide-based SPADs on a silicon-on-insulator platform for visible wavelengths, focusing on two device families with different doping configurations: p-n+ and p-i-n+. We calculate the photon detection efficiency (PDE) and timing jitter at an input wavelength of 640 nm by simulating the avalanche process using a 2D Monte Carlo method, as well as the dark count rate (DCR) at 243 K and 300 K. For our simulated parameters, the optimal p-i-n+ SPADs show the best device performance, with a saturated PDE of 52.4 +/- 0.6% at a reverse bias voltage of 31.5 V, full-width-half-max (FWHM) timing jitter of 10 ps, and a DCR of < 5 counts per second at 243 K.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Effects of different long-term crop straw management practices on ammonia volatilization from subtropical calcareous agricultural soil
Creators: name: ZHANG, Bowen
name: Minghua ZHOU
name: Hongyu LIN
name: Tite NTACYABUKURA
name: Yanqiang WANG
name: ZHU, Bo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Ammonia (NH3) volatilized from agricultural production and its secondary aerosols contribute greatly to air pollution. Different long-term crop straw management practices may significantly affect the soil fertility and soil nitrogen cycle, however, the effect on NH3 volatilization has not been well studied. Therefore, a one-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of straw incorporation on NH3 volatilization from subtropical calcareous agricultural soil from a longterm perspective, including four treatments: synthetic fertilizer (CK); synthetic fertilizer incorporation with 100% or 50% of the previous season’s crop straw (SI1 and SI2, respectively); and synthetic fertilizer incorporation with 50% burned crop straw (SI2B). Soil NH3 volatilizations were monitored through a wheat–maize rotation year by using a dynamic chamber method. The results demonstrated that NH3 volatilization primarily occurred within 38 days and 7–10 days following nitrogen fertilization events for the wheat and maize seasons, respectively. Different crop straw management practices mainly impacted the NH3 flux of the basal fertilization rather than the topdressing fertilization; long-term crop straw incorporation effectively lowered NH3 loss (35.1% for SI1 and 16.1% for SI2 compared to CK; and the inhibiting effect increased with increasing straw amount, possibly contributed by the high straw carbon/nitrogen ratio, and enhanced microbial activity, which contributed to inorganic nitrogen immobilization and lower ammonium content in the topsoil. However, SI2B significantly increased (29.9%) the annual NH3 flux compared with SI2, indicating that long-term 100% straw incorporation could be a promising straw management practice for mitigating NH3 loss and increasing soil fertility.
A critical review of environmental exposure, metabolic transformation, and the human health risks of synthetic musks
Creators: name: Luo, Na
name: Gao, Yanpeng
name: Chen, Xiaoyi
name: Wang, Mei
name: Niu, Xiaolin
name: Li, Guiying
name: An, Taicheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Synthetic musks (SMs) have been widely used as fragrance ingredients in various daily consumer products. Due to their mass production and usage, the presence of SMs has been reported in environmental and human biological samples, raising global concerns over human health effects. This review outlines the current knowledge on human exposure pathways and internal exposure to environmental SMs. The biotransformation of SMs in humans is also highlighted. Compared to exposure through inhalation and oral ingestion pathways, dermal contact from SMs-containing personal care products is the dominant pathway, accounting for 82–93% of total human SMs daily exposure. After penetrating the skin barrier, SMs can be absorbed by the dermis, causing potential skin irritation. Regarding internal human exposure, around half of the limited studies focused on breast milk, indicating considerable risks for vulnerable global populations (e.g. pregnant women and babies). The health effects of SMs are assessed synergistically based on the existing data and our calculated toxicological predictions. SMs could induce endocrine disruption and mutagenic toxicity according to historical analysis of data. Our computational toxicology data suggested negative impacts on the cardiovascular system for the first time. However, caution should be applied when interpreting adverse health effects using the available data, as the effective toxic doses of different SMs in laboratory studies were greater than actual environmental concentrations in most cases. Based on an analysis of research progress, this review also proposed the need to study the relationship between long-term low-dose exposure and adverse human health effects in future research.
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Yangtze River Delta: insights gained from the nitrogen content and isotopic composition of the moss Haplocladium microphyllum
Creators: name: Zhili CHEN
name: HUANG, Tao
name: FAN, Rong
name: YANG, Hao
name: Yanju YANG
name: Changchun HUANG
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Simple and inexpensive estimation of the rates and sources of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is critical for its effective mitigation in a region with different land-use types. In this study, the N content and N isotopic composition (δ15N) of moss (Haplocladium microphyllum) tissues and precipitation at six sites with three land-use types (urban, suburban, and rural) were measured in the Yangtze River Delta. A significant linear relationship between moss N content and wet N deposition, and a consistent decrease trend for moss N content and wet N deposition from urban to suburban to rural areas were observed. More negative δ15N of suburban and rural mosses indicated N mainly released from agriculture and effluent, while the less negative δ15N of urban mosses were mainly influenced by fossil fuel combustion and traffic emissions. Although the negative moss δ15N indicates that reduced N dominates wet N deposition, there was no significant correlation between moss δ15N and the ratio of ammonium to nitrate (NH4+/NO3−). These results reveal that the moss N content and δ15N can be used as a complementary tool for estimating the rates and sources of wet N deposition in a region with different land-use types.
Relation between dust and radio luminosity in optically selected early type galaxies
Creators: name: Krajnovic, Davor
name: Jaffe, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have surveyed an optical/IR selected sample of nearby E/S0 galaxies with and without nuclear dust structures with the VLA at 3.6 cm to a sensitivity of 100 $μ$Jy. We can construct a Radio Luminosity Function (RLF) of these galaxies to ~10^19 W/Hz and find that ~50% of these galaxies have AGNs at this level. The space density of these AGNs equals that of starburst galaxies at this luminosity. Several dust-free galaxies have low luminosity radio cores, and their RLF is not significantly less than that of the dusty galaxies.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
An ammonia emissions inventory for agricultural sources in Hefei, China
Creators: name: Xinhong HOU
name: Xingna YU
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: A comprehensive agricultural inventory of ammonia emissions for 2017 in Hefei was established on the basis of the specific emission factors and county-level activity data. The emissions over a 1 km × 1 km grid and the associated monthly variations were distributed on the basis of land-use type and meteorological conditions, respectively. The total ammonia emissions were 27,242.7 t in 2017 in Hefei, to which livestock was the top contributor, accounting for 54.5%. Two major contributors to livestock waste were broilers and laying hens, which contributed 34.5% and 22.2% of the total emissions, respectively. Changfeng, Feixi, and Feidong counties, with more developed agriculture than other counties, accounted for a large proportion of the total ammonia emissions—as much as 28.5%, 24.5%, and 21.0%, respectively. The average emissions density of the whole region was 2.4 t km−2, and the higher values were mostly in areas with denser populations. Seasonally, peak ammonia emissions occurred in summer.
The X-ray spectrum of LSI+61o303
Creators: name: Greiner, J.
name: Rau, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It had been proposed earlier that the hard X-ray and gamma-ray radiation of the Be/X-ray system LSI+61o303 could be due to inverse Compton scattering of optical photons from the Be star by the same electron population which also produces the radio emission. Recently, Apparao (2001) has calculated this inverse Compton emission in more detail, and predicted that the X-ray spectrum should show a break at around 20 keV. We investigated archival RXTE data, but do not find such a break in the 2--25 keV range. The implications of this finding are shortly discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in A&A
Interplay between Quantum and Coherent Effects in Optics
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A technique is presented for treating strongly nonstationary and transient processes in optics, permitting one to take into account both types of competing with each other effects, quantum as well as coherent. The main equations for describing the interplay between these two kinds of effects are derived. The possibility of influencing coherent optical phenomena by preparing special quantum states of matter is discussed.
description: 12 pages, Latex
Changes in PM2.5 sensitivity to NOx and NH3 emissions due to a large decrease in SO2 emissions from 2013 to 2018
Creators: name: Guangyi XU
name: Qianqian ZHANG
name: YAO, Yu
name: Xingying ZHANG
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: The authors evaluated and compared the behavior of PM2.5 with respect to NOx and NH3 emission changes in high (the year 2013) and low (the year 2018) SO2 emission cases. Two groups of simulations were conducted based on anthropogenic emissions from China in 2013 and 2018, respectively. In each group of simulations, a respective 25% reduction in NOx and NH3 emissions were assumed. A sensitivity factor (β) was defined as the relative change in PM2.5 concentration due to 1% change in NOx or NH3 emissions. In the high SO2 emissions case, PM2.5 was more sensitive to NH3 (0.31) emissions change than NOx (0.21). Due to the significant decrease in SO2 emissions from the high to low SO2 emissions case, the sensitivity of PM2.5 to NOx increased to 0.33, while its sensitivity to NH3 decreased to 0.22. The result implies that now and in the future, PM2.5 is/will be less sensitive to NH3 emissions change, while NOx emissions control is more effective in reducing the surface PM2.5 concentration. Seasonally, in the low SO2 emissions case, the sensitivities of PM2.5 to NOx and NH3 in winter were higher than those in summer, indicating that to deal with severe winter haze more attention should be paid to the emissions control of inorganic PM2.5 precursors, especially NOx.
Self-Consistent Separable RPA For Density- and Current-Dependent Forces
Creators: name: Kvasil, J.
name: Nesterenko, V. O.
name: Reinhard, P. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-consistent factorization of two-body residual interaction is proposed for arbitrary density- and current-dependent energy functionals. Following this procedure, a separable RPA (SRPA) method is constructed. SRPA dramatically simplifies the calculations and demonstrates quick convergence to exact results. The method is tested for SkM* forces.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, contribution to Proceedings of 7th International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics, Maiori, Italy, May 27-31, 2001
Status of a decennial marine invasion by the bisexual mussel Semimytilus algosus (Gould, 1850) in South Africa
Creators: name: KCK Ma
name: CD McQuaid
name: A Pulfrich
name: TB Robinson
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The invasion history and current distribution of the alien marine mussel, the bisexual mussel Semimytilus algosus, on rocky shores of South Africa is described in this study. The eastern edge of its distribution has been monitored since 2014, and the most-recent observations were made between January and March of 2020, at 16 sites between Hondeklipbaai on the west coast and Nature’s Valley on the south coast. From these 2020 records, the species ranged across approximately 840 km along the coast, from Hondeklipbaai to Hermanus. The species’ invasion history and distribution suggests that this mussel has persisted on the west coast over the past decade, and spread along the coast in both northward and south–southeastward directions. Since 2010, the species has spread predominantly in a southerly and then easterly direction, extending its range by ∼270 km into the Agulhas ecoregion. In contrast, its spread has been slower to the north, with a range extension of only ∼75 km. Long-term, routine monitoring of the coast to track the spread of S. algosus and other invasive marine species, and to identify new incursions, is recommended to support evidence-based management of biological invasions.
Additional file 1 of Increased circulating innate lymphoid cell (ILC)1 and decreased circulating ILC3 are involved in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Creators: name: Zhang, Lili
name: Lin, Qiang
name: Jiang, Lijun
name: Wu, Mingfu
name: Huang, Linlin
name: Quan, Wei
name: Li, Xiaozhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1.
Emission lines in GRBs constrain the total energy reservoir
Creators: name: Ghisellini, G.
name: Lazzati, D.
name: Rossi, E. M.
name: Rees, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emission features observed in the X-ray afterglow of Gamma Ray Bursts are extremely powerful. Since they last at least for several hours, they imply energies of the order of 1e49 ergs. This in turn implies that the energy contained in the illuminating continuum thought to be responsible of the line production must exceed 1e51 ergs. This is a strong lower limit to the energy reservoir of Gamma Ray Bursts, which is independent of collimation and beaming, and bears important consequences on the possible collimation of the fireball radiation and the density of the medium surrounding the burst.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A (Letters)
Exploring the effect of mono- and di-fluorinated triphenylamine-based molecules as electron donors for dye-sensitised solar cells
Creators: name: Ohoud S. Al-Qurashi
name: Wazzan, Nuha A.
name: I. B. Obot
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Dye that is consisting of donor-π-π-linkers-acceptor (D-π-π-A) is characterised by enhancement of light-harvesting capability in dye-sensitised solar cell (DSSC) applications. In this work, the DFT and TDDFT using the CAM-B3LYP XC-functional with 6-31G+(d) basis set and were used to study the geometrical, electronic, and photovoltaic properties of four dyes. Two of the investigated dyes are previously reported as successful photosensitisers with power conversion efficiencies of 8.22 and 7.0%, and two are novel designed ones. The investigated dyes are based on triphenylamine (TPA) as electron-donor and cyanoacrylic acid (CA) as electron-acceptor groups, and two π-linkers, i.e. dihydrothieno-dioxine (DHO) and fluorophenylene (FP). The four dyes are different in the FP unit which has Fluorine (F) atom/s in different position and with a different number. The study aims to: (1) justify the reported superiority performance of T2FC (with one F atom at the ortho-position with respect to the CA unit) over the T3FC (with one F atom at the meta-position), and (2) explore the effect of incorporating another F atom at the second ortho-position (T26FC) or at the meta-position (T35FC). The results are supported by the data obtained from calculations of adsorption parameters of dyes adsorbed on (TiO2)24 anatase (1 0 1).
Additional file 2 of Increased circulating innate lymphoid cell (ILC)1 and decreased circulating ILC3 are involved in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Creators: name: Zhang, Lili
name: Lin, Qiang
name: Jiang, Lijun
name: Wu, Mingfu
name: Huang, Linlin
name: Quan, Wei
name: Li, Xiaozhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2.