cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Search for long-lived particles decaying to leptons with large impact parameter in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for new long-lived particles decaying to leptons using proton-proton collision data produced by the CERN LHC at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV is presented. Events are selected with two leptons (an electron and a muon, two electrons, or two muons) that both have transverse impact parameter values between 0.01 and 10 cm and are not required to form a common vertex. Data used for the analysis were collected with the CMS detector in 2016, 2017, and 2018, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 118 (113) fb$^{-1}$ in the ee channel (e$μ$ and $μμ$ channels). The search is designed to be sensitive to a wide range of models with displaced e$μ$, ee, and $μμ$ final states. The results constrain several well-motivated models involving new long-lived particles that decay to displaced leptons. For some areas of the available phase space, these are the most stringent constraints to date.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures and tables, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-18-003 (CMS Public Pages)
Subdiffusive motion in kinetically constrained models
Creators: name: Jack, Robert L.
name: Sollich, Peter
name: Mayer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a kinetically constrained model in which real-valued local densities fluctuate in time, as introduced recently by Bertin, Bouchaud and Lequeux. We show how the phenomenology of this model can be reproduced by an effective theory of mobility excitations propagating in a disordered environment. Both excitations and probe particles have subdiffusive motion, characterised by different exponents and operating on different time scales. We derive these exponents, showing that they depend continuously on one of the parameters of the model.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Dictionary of LHC Signatures
Creators: name: Belyaev, A.
name: Christidi, I. A.
name: De Roeck, A.
name: Godbole, R. M.
name: Mellado, B.
name: Nyffeler, A.
name: Petridou, C.
name: Roy, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a plan to establish a "Dictionary of LHC Signatures", an initiative that started at the WHEPPX workshop in January 2008. This study aims towards the strategy on distinguishing of 3 classes of dark matter motivated scenarios such as R-parity conserved supersymmetry, Little Higgs models with T-parity conservation and Universal Extra Dimensions with KK-parity for generic cases of their realization in wide range of the model space. Discriminating signatures are tabulated and will need a further detailed analysis.
description: contribution to the WHEPPX workshop, Chenai, January 2008
Phonon Density of States in Nd(O$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$)FeAs
Creators: name: Tacon, M. Le
name: Krisch, M.
name: Bosak, A.
name: Bos, J. -W. G.
name: Margadonna, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the phonon density-of-states in iron oxypnictide superconductors by inelastic x-ray scattering. A good agreement with ab-initio calculations that do not take into account strong electronic correlations is found, and an unpredicted softening of phonon branches under F doping of these compounds is observed. Raman scattering experiments lead us to conclude that this softening is not related to zone center phonons, and consequently imply an important softening of the relevant phonon branches at finite momentum transfer Q.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Originally submitted 07 Jul 08, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B (R)
One step synthesis of SmO1-xFxFeAs bulks with Tc = 54.6 K: High upper critical field and critical current density
Creators: name: Ma, Yanwei
name: Gao, Zhaoshun
name: Wang, Lei
name: Qi, Yanpeng
name: Wang, Dongliang
name: Zhang, Xianping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A safe, simple and easily scaleable one-step sintering method is proposed to fabricate newly discovered superconductors of SmO1-xFxFeAs. Superconducting transition with the onset temperature of 54.6 K and high critical fields Hc2(0) >=200 T were confirmed in SmO1-xFxFeAs with x = 0.3. At 5 K and self field, critical current density Jc estimated from the magnetization hysteresis using the whole sample size and the average particle size reached 8.5x10^3 and 1.2x10^6 A/cm^2, respectively. Moreover, the Jc exhibited a very weak dependence on magnetic field. Microstructural characterizations revealed that the whole sample Jc improvement could be achieved by either perfect texture or optimization of fabrication process in this strongly-layered superconductor. Our results clearly demonstrated that one-step synthesis technique is unique and versatile and hence can be tailored easily for other rare earth derivatives of REFeAsO superconductors.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
More Identifiable yet Equally Performant Transformers for Text Classification
Creators: name: Bhardwaj, Rishabh
name: Majumder, Navonil
name: Poria, Soujanya
name: Hovy, Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Interpretability is an important aspect of the trustworthiness of a model's predictions. Transformer's predictions are widely explained by the attention weights, i.e., a probability distribution generated at its self-attention unit (head). Current empirical studies provide shreds of evidence that attention weights are not explanations by proving that they are not unique. A recent study showed theoretical justifications to this observation by proving the non-identifiability of attention weights. For a given input to a head and its output, if the attention weights generated in it are unique, we call the weights identifiable. In this work, we provide deeper theoretical analysis and empirical observations on the identifiability of attention weights. Ignored in the previous works, we find the attention weights are more identifiable than we currently perceive by uncovering the hidden role of the key vector. However, the weights are still prone to be non-unique attentions that make them unfit for interpretation. To tackle this issue, we provide a variant of the encoder layer that decouples the relationship between key and value vector and provides identifiable weights up to the desired length of the input. We prove the applicability of such variations by providing empirical justifications on varied text classification tasks. The implementations are available at https://github.com/declare-lab/identifiable-transformers.
description: ACL 2021
Urban Refugee Youth's Recommendations for Sexual and Mental Health Promotion: Qualitative Insights From Kampala, Uganda.
Creators: name: MacKenzie, Frannie
name: Nakitende, Aidah
name: Musoke, Daniel Kibuuka
name: Hakiza, Robert
name: Sternthal, Isabel G
name: Logie, Carmen H
name: Kyambadde, Peter
name: Okumu, Moses
name: Akinwande, Suliat Fehintola
name: Katisi, Brenda
name: Bahri, Bay
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2025

description:
Refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda, face a unique sexual reproductive health and mental health risk environment requiring focused interventions. Resource limitations and access barriers complicate the provision of relevant supports. Few studies have engaged refugee youth's recommendations for satisfying their sexual and mental health needs. This cross-sectional, qualitative study aimed to identify urban refugee youth's sexual and mental health promotion preferences. We administered a structured survey to refugee youth in Kampala (n = 54) between July and November 2023 using the qualitative data collection platform, Sensemaker and analyzed survey responses using inductive thematic analysis (ITA). Two themes emerged: health promotion and youth empowerment. Participants proposed sexual and mental health promotion recommendations directed at distinct stakeholder groups including policymakers/service providers and peers. There were several points of overlap between the sexual and mental health promotion recommendations, including calls for counseling services, health education, and employment opportunities. Youth empowerment was a central theme underwriting both sexual and mental health recommendations. By differentiating between recommendations directed at distinct stakeholder groups, this study identified opportunities for non-governmental actors to contribute to promoting the sexual and mental health of refugee youth in Kampala. Participant insights show how engagement with urban refugee youth's health promotion recommendations can empower youth and ensure that service design and delivery is consistent with their knowledge, needs, and preferences.
Cosmological Structure Formation under MOND: a new numerical solver for Poisson's equation
Creators: name: Llinares, Claudio
name: Knebe, Alexander
name: Zhao, HongSheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel solver for an analogue to Poisson's equation in the framework of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). This equation is highly non-linear and hence standard codes based upon tree structures and/or FFT's in general are not applicable; one needs to defer to multi-grid relaxation techniques. After a detailed description of the necessary modifications to the cosmological N-body code AMIGA (formerly known as MLAPM) we utilize the new code to revisit the issue of cosmic structure formation under MOND. We find that the proper (numerical) integration of a MONDian Poisson's equation has some noticable effects on the final results when compared against simulations of the same kind but based upon rather ad-hoc assumptions about the properties of the MONDian force field. Namely, we find that the large-scale structure evolution is faster in our revised MOND model leading to an even stronger clustering of galaxies, especially when compared to the standard LCDM paradigm.
description: 15 pages, 20 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Artificial Neural Network for Cybersecurity: A Comprehensive Review
Creators: name: Podder, Prajoy
name: Bharati, Subrato
name: Mondal, M. Rubaiyat Hossain
name: Paul, Pinto Kumar
name: Kose, Utku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Cybersecurity is a very emerging field that protects systems, networks, and data from digital attacks. With the increase in the scale of the Internet and the evolution of cyber attacks, developing novel cybersecurity tools has become important, particularly for Internet of things (IoT) networks. This paper provides a systematic review of the application of deep learning (DL) approaches for cybersecurity. This paper provides a short description of DL methods which is used in cybersecurity, including deep belief networks, generative adversarial networks, recurrent neural networks, and others. Next, we illustrate the differences between shallow learning and DL. Moreover, a discussion is provided on the currently prevailing cyber-attacks in IoT and other networks, and the effectiveness of DL methods to manage these attacks. Besides, this paper describes studies that highlight the DL technique, cybersecurity applications, and the source of datasets. Next, a discussion is provided on the feasibility of DL systems for malware detection and classification, intrusion detection, and other frequent cyber-attacks, including identifying file type, spam, and network traffic. Our review indicates that high classification accuracy of 99.72% is obtained by restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) when applied to a custom dataset, while long short-term memory (LSTM) achieves an accuracy of 99.80% for KDD Cup 99 dataset. Finally, this article discusses the importance of cybersecurity for reliable and practicable IoT-driven healthcare systems.
description: 14 Pages, 8 Figures
Cluster structure of functional networks estimated from high-resolution EEG data
Creators: name: Sinatra, Roberta
name: Fallani, Fabrizio De Vico
name: Astolfi, Laura
name: Babiloni, Fabio
name: Cincotti, Febo
name: Latora, Vito
name: Mattia, Donatella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the topological properties of functional connectivity patterns among cortical areas in the frequency domain. The cortical networks were estimated from high-resolution EEG recordings in a group of spinal cord injured patients and in a group of healthy subjects, during the preparation of a limb movement. We first evaluate global and local efficiency, as indicators of the structural connectivity respectively at a global and local scale. Then, we use the Markov Clustering method to analyse the division of the network into community structures. The results indicate large differences between the injured patients and the healthy subjects. In particular, the networks of spinal cord injured patient exhibited a higher density of efficient clusters. In the Alpha (7-12 Hz) frequency band, the two observed largest communities were mainly composed by the cingulate motor areas with the supplementary motor areas, and by the pre-motor areas with the right primary motor area of the foot. This functional separation strengthens the hypothesis of a compensative mechanism due to the partial alteration in the primary motor areas because of the effects of the spinal cord injury.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Density functional theory for soft matter with mesoscopic length scale fluctuations included within field-theoretic formalism
Creators: name: Ciach, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mesoscopic theory for soft-matter systems that combines density functional and statistical field theory is derived from the microscopic theory by a systematic coarse-graining procedure. Within the framework of this theory we obtain the universal sequence of phases: disordered, bcc, hexagonal, lamellar, inverted hexagonal, inverted bcc, disordered, for increasing density well below the close-packing density. In addition to the above phases, more complex phases may appear depending on the interaction potentials. For a particular form of the short-range attraction long-range repulsion potential we find the bicontinuous gyroid phase (Ia3d symmetry) that may be related to a network forming cluster of colloids in a mixture of colloids and nonadsorbing polymers.
title: Der Mann im Sperma. Zum Verhältnis von Männerkörpern und männlichen Keimzellen in der Reproduktionsmedizin
Creators: name: Zehnder, Kathrin
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Körper
subject: Körperwissen
subject: Leiberfahrung
subject: Männerkörper
subject: Medizin
subject: Reproduktion
subject: Reproduktionsmedizin
subject: Sperma
subject: ddc:300

description: Der Beitrag beleuchtet männliche Körper und deren leibliche Realität im Labor der Reproduktionsmedizin. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob nicht ‚der Mann‘, sondern lediglich sein Sperma Gegenstand medizinischer Untersuchungen ist. Im reproduktionsmedizinischen Labor treten männliche Leiberfahrungen vor allem bei der Spermiengewinnung stark in Erscheinung. Mit der Spermienanalyse geraten der Männerleib und -körper wieder in den Hintergrund und bleiben auch bei der Zeugung weitgehend absent. Die Spermien selbst werden nach der Abtrennung vom Männerkörper zur vulnerablen Substanz, die eines besonderen Schutzes bedarf. Mit dem Verfahren der intrazytoplasmatischen Spermieninjektion bekommt das einzelne Spermium zudem eine bemerkenswerte Bedeutung und erhält selbst eine Art Körperlichkeit.
Analytic Relations for Magnifications and Time Delays in Gravitational Lenses with Fold and Cusp Configurations
Creators: name: Congdon, Arthur B.
name: Keeton, Charles R.
name: Nordgren, C. Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational lensing provides a unique and powerful probe of the mass distributions of distant galaxies. Four-image lens systems with fold and cusp configurations have two or three bright images near a critical point. Within the framework of singularity theory, we derive analytic relations that are satisfied for a light source that lies a small but finite distance from the astroid caustic of a four-image lens. Using a perturbative expansion of the image positions, we show that the time delay between the close pair of images in a fold lens scales with the cube of the image separation, with a constant of proportionality that depends on a particular third derivative of the lens potential. We also apply our formalism to cusp lenses, where we develop perturbative expressions for the image positions, magnifications and time delays of the images in a cusp triplet. Some of these results were derived previously for a source asymptotically close to a cusp point, but using a simplified form of the lens equation whose validity may be in doubt for sources that lie at astrophysically relevant distances from the caustic. Along with the work of Keeton et al. (2005), this paper demonstrates that perturbation theory plays an important role in theoretical lensing studies.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures; reference added, minor corrections
Probable identification of the impact craters associated with two luminous historical lunar flashes
Creators: name: Bruckman, William
name: Ruiz, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have reviewed and analyzed the lunar luminous events observations by William Herschel during the peak of the Lyrid meteor shower of 1787 and Leon Stuart near the peak of the Leonid meteor shower of 1953, seeking the impact craters that these events presumably formed. Evidence is presented that identifies two cold spot fresh craters as the expected candidates.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1804.08716
The Altered State of $η$Carinae: HST's Photometric Record 1998--2021
Creators: name: Martin, John C.
name: Davidson, Kris
name: Humphreys, Roberta M.
name: Ishibashi, Kazunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hubble Space Telescope photometry of $η$ Carinae spans 23 years, including five spectroscopic events. The rapid brightening rate decreased after 2010, and the spectroscopic events in 2014 and 2020 had light curves different from their predecessors. Together with other indicators, these developments probably foretell the conclusion of $η$ Car's change of state.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
A single-crystal source of path-polarization entangled photons at non-degenerate wavelengths
Creators: name: Sauge, S.
name: Swillo, M.
name: Tengner, M.
name: Karlsson, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a bright, narrowband, compact, quasi-phase-matched single-crystal source generating path-polarization-entangled photon pairs at 810 nm and 1550 nm at a maximum rate of 3 Mcounts/(s THz mW) after coupling to single-mode fiber, and with two-photon interference visibility above 90%. While the source can already be used to implement quantum communication protocols such as quantum key distribution, this work is also instrumental for narrowband applications such as entanglement transfer from photonic to atomic qubits, or entanglement of photons from independent sources.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, published in Optics Express (2008)
Proof of the universal density of charged states in QFT
Creators: name: Magan, Javier M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove a recent conjecture by Harlow and Ooguri concerning a universal formula for the charged density of states in QFT at high energies for global symmetries associated with finite groups. An equivalent statement, based on the entropic order parameter associated with charged operators in the thermofield double state, was proven in a previous article by Casini, Huerta, Pontello, and the present author. Here we describe how the statement about the entropic order parameter arises, and how it gets transformed into the universal density of states. The use of the certainty principle, relating the entropic order and disorder parameters, is crucial for the proof. We remark that although the immediate application of this result concerns charged states, the origin and physics of such density can be understood by looking at the vacuum sector only. We also describe how these arguments lie at the origin of the so-called entropy equipartition in these type of systems, and how they generalize to QFT's on non-compact manifolds.
description: 14 pages
Detecting Propaganda Techniques in Memes
Creators: name: Dimitrov, Dimitar
name: Ali, Bishr Bin
name: Shaar, Shaden
name: Alam, Firoj
name: Silvestri, Fabrizio
name: Firooz, Hamed
name: Nakov, Preslav
name: Martino, Giovanni Da San
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7
subject: 68T50

description: Propaganda can be defined as a form of communication that aims to influence the opinions or the actions of people towards a specific goal; this is achieved by means of well-defined rhetorical and psychological devices. Propaganda, in the form we know it today, can be dated back to the beginning of the 17th century. However, it is with the advent of the Internet and the social media that it has started to spread on a much larger scale than before, thus becoming major societal and political issue. Nowadays, a large fraction of propaganda in social media is multimodal, mixing textual with visual content. With this in mind, here we propose a new multi-label multimodal task: detecting the type of propaganda techniques used in memes. We further create and release a new corpus of 950 memes, carefully annotated with 22 propaganda techniques, which can appear in the text, in the image, or in both. Our analysis of the corpus shows that understanding both modalities together is essential for detecting these techniques. This is further confirmed in our experiments with several state-of-the-art multimodal models.
description: propaganda, disinformation, fake news, memes, multimodality. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.09284
Some effects of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus on the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus
Creators: name: Peacock, Stephen David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A population of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) infected with the cestode parasite S. solidus was studied to determine the effects of the parasite on stickleback reproductive. success, mortality rates, and swimming ability. The S. solidus infection increased stickleback mortality rates in 'natural' mortality, and in stressed mortality (low oxygen, high temperature) experiments. Infections of S. solidus at intensities of 30% of the stickleback body weight or greater, clearly affect the sticklebacks ability to swim. How infections at this or lesser levels effect predation on parasitized sticklebacks was not established. The effects of S. solidus on stickleback reproductive success were found to be minimal in this study, chiefly because the stickleback breeding season is essentially complete before the S. solidus infection becomes severe.
Topology in non-Hermitian Chern insulators with skin effect
Creators: name: Xiao, Yi-Xin
name: Chan, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-Hermitian skin effect can arise in materials that have asymmetric hoppings between atoms or resonating units, which makes the bulk eigenspectrum sensitive to boundary conditions. When skin effect emerges, eigenstates in the bulk continuum can become localized on the edges, making the distinction between edge and bulk states challenging. We establish the bulk-boundary correspondence for a Chern insulator model with non-Hermitian skin effect by combining two approaches ("non-Bloch" approach and "biorthogonal" approach). Both approaches can suppress the skin effect but they are based on different mathematical tools. A biorthogonal inverse participation ratio is used as a measure to distinguish between bulk states and edge states, and a non-Bloch Chern number is used to characterize the topology and predict the number of topological edge bands. In addition to tangential degeneracies, crossing degeneracies are found to occur between the bulk and edge bands. Their presence enriches the (de)localization behavior of the edge states but does not affect the Chern number. The phase diagram of the system has interesting features that are not found in Hermitian systems. For example, one topological transition and two non-Hermitian phase transitions can be induced by tuning a single parameter. The gapless phase is topologically protected due to the stable existence of the non-Hermitian band degeneracies guaranteed by nonzero discriminant numbers.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
The Infrared Evolution of Dust in V838 Monocerotis
Creators: name: Woodward, C. E.
name: Evans, A.
name: Banerjee, D. P. K.
name: Liimets, T.
name: Djupvik, A. A.
name: Starrfield, S.
name: Clayton, G. C.
name: Eyres, S. P. S.
name: Gehrz, R. D.
name: Wagner, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminous Red Variables (LRVs) are most likely eruptions that are the outcome of stellar mergers. V838 Mon is one of the best-studied members of this class, representing an archetype for stellar mergers resulting from B-type stars. As result of the merger event, nova-like eruptions occur driving mass-loss from the system. As the gas cools considerable circumstellar dust is formed. V838 Mon erupted in 2002 and is undergoing very dynamic changes in its dust composition, geometry, and infrared luminosity providing a real-time laboratory to validate mineralogical condensation sequences in stellar mergers and evolutionary scenarios. We discuss recent NASA Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy SOFIA 5 to 38 micron observations combined with archival NASA Spitzer spectra that document the temporal evolution of the freshly formed (within the last 20 yrs) circumstellar material in the environs of V838 Mon. Changes in the 10 micron spectral region are strong evidence that we are witnessing a classical dust condensation sequence expected to occur in oxygen-rich environments where alumina formation is followed by that of silicates at the temperature cools.
description: 12 Pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, To be published in the Astronomical Journal
Using mixed data in the inverse scattering problem
Creators: name: Lassaut, M.
name: Larsen, S. Y.
name: Sofianos, S. A.
name: Wallet, J-C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consider the fixed-$\ell$ inverse scattering problem. We show that the zeros of the regular solution of the Schrödinger equation, $r_{n}(E)$, which are monotonic functions of the energy, determine a unique potential when the domain of the energy is such that the $r_{n}(E)$ range from zero to infinity. This suggests that the use of the mixed data of phase-shifts $\{δ(\ell_0,k), k \geq k_0 \} \cup \{δ(\ell,k_0), \ell \geq \ell_0 \}$, for which the zeros of the regular solution are monotonic in both domains, and range from zero to infinity, offers the possibility of determining the potential in a unique way.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures. Talk given at the Conference of Inverse Quantum Scattering Theory, Hungary, August 2007
Differences in Discrimination, Violence, Mental Health, and Substance Use Outcomes by Cancer History Among LGBTQ+ Individuals in North Carolina
Creators: name: Wilson, Juliana
name: Rosenstein, Donald L.
name: Hall, Will J.
name: Kent, Erin E.
name: Warner, Echo L.
name: Waters, Austin R.
Publisher: name: North Carolina Institute of Medicine
Year: 2025

description:
BACKGROUND Health inequities among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual and gender minority populations (LGBTQ+) are driven by anti-LGBTQ+ stigma and discrimination. However, there is limited research on the manifestations of stigma and discrimination among LGBTQ+ cancer survivors. METHODS Data were collected by the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services via the 2023 North Carolina LGBTQ+ Health Needs Assessment. Differences in outcomes (i.e., discrimination, violence, homelessness, mental health, substance use, and overdose) between LGBTQ+ individuals by cancer history were assessed using Chi-squared tests. Further, multivariable logit models were used to generate predicted probabilities, average marginal effects (AME), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association of cancer with each outcome. RESULTS A total of N = 3170 LGBTQ+ individuals (n = 200 cancer survivors) took part in the survey. In adjusted analyses, cancer history was associated with an 8.1 to 19.1 percentage point increase in the probability of all discrimination, violence, and homelessness outcomes. The largest AME of cancer was with accidental overdose (AME: 22.5; 95% CI, 15.2–29.8), followed by homelessness (AME: 19.1; 95% CI, 11.6–26.6), spouse or family violence (AME: 16.7; 95% CI, 9.3–24.1), LGBTQ+ violence (AME: 15.1; 95% CI, 7.8–22.5), sexual assault (AME: 14.1; 95% CI, 6.0–22.2), as well as nicotine product (AME: 9.0; 95%CI, 1.6–16.5) and cocaine use (AME: 8.9; 95% CI, 3.8–14.1). The most common barriers to mental health services were cost (36.0%) and health insurance (33.5%). LIMITATIONS The needs assessment was a convenience-based study, which limits the generalizability of our findings. CONCLUSIONS LGBTQ+ cancer survivors in North Carolina experience an elevated burden of discrimination, violence, suicide attempt, substance use, and accidental overdose in comparison to LGBTQ+ individuals without a cancer history.
Non-Markovian temperature sensing
Creators: name: Zhang, Ze-Zhou
name: Wu, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the sensing performance of a single-qubit quantum thermometer within a non-Markovian dynamical framework. By employing an exactly numerical hierarchical equations of the motion method, we go beyond traditional paradigms of the Born-Markov theory, the pure dephasing mechanism, and the weak-coupling approximation, which were commonly used in many previous studies of quantum thermometry. We find (i) the non-Markovian characteristics may boost the estimation efficiency, (ii) the sensitivity of quantum thermometry can be effectively optimized by engineering the proportions of different coupling operators in the whole sensor-reservoir interaction Hamiltonian, and (iii) a threshold, above which the strong sensor-reservoir coupling can significantly enhance the sensing precision in the long-encoding-time regime. Our results may have certain applications for high-resolution quantum thermometry.
Convergence of reconstructed density matrix to a pure state using maximal entropy approach
Creators: name: Gupta, Rishabh
name: Kais, Sabre
name: Levine, Raphael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Impressive progress has been made in the past decade in the study of technological applications of varied types of quantum systems. With industry giants like IBM laying down their roadmap for scalable quantum devices with more than 1000-qubits by the end of 2023, efficient validation techniques are also being developed for testing quantum processing on these devices. The characterization of a quantum state is done by experimental measurements through the process called quantum state tomography (QST) which scales exponentially with the size of the system. However, QST performed using incomplete measurements is aptly suited for characterizing these quantum technologies especially with the current nature of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices where not all mean measurements are available with high fidelity. We, hereby, propose an alternative approach to QST for the complete reconstruction of the density matrix of a quantum system in a pure state for any number of qubits by applying the maximal entropy formalism on the pairwise combinations of the known mean measurements. This approach provides the best estimate of the target state when we know the complete set of observables which is the case of convergence of the reconstructed density matrix to a pure state. Our goal is to provide a practical inference of a quantum system in a pure state that can find its applications in the field of quantum error mitigation on a real quantum computer that we intend to investigate further.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
Charge Order and Fluctuations in Bi$_2$Sr$_{2-x}$La$_x$CuO$_{6+δ}$ Revealed by $^{63,65}$Cu-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Shinji
name: Ito, Madoka
name: Kamijima, Dai
name: Lin, Chengtian
name: Zheng, Guo-qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of a magnetic-field-induced charge-density-wave (CDW) order in the pseudogap state via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies has highlighted the importance of "charge" in the physics of high transition-temperature ($T_{\rm c}$) superconductivity in copper oxides (cuprates). Herein, after briefly reviewing the progress achieved in the last few years, we report new results of $^{63,65}$Cu-NMR measurements on the CDW order and its fluctuation in the single-layered cuprate Bi$_2$Sr$_{2-x}$La$_x$CuO$_{6+δ}$. The NMR spectrum under both in- and out-of-plane magnetic fields above $ H $ = 10 T indicates that the CDW replaces the antiferromagnetic order before superconductivity appears, but disappears before superconductivity is optimized. We found that the CDW onset temperature $T_{\rm CDW}$ scales with the pseudogap temperature $T^{\rm *}$. Comparison between $^{63}$Cu and $^{65}$Cu NMR indicates that the spin-lattice relaxation process is dominated by charge fluctuations in the doping regions where the CDW appears as well as at the pseudogap end point ($T^*$ = 0). These results suggest that charge orders and fluctuations exist in multiple doping regions and over a quite wide temperature range.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Tuning Chemical Precompression: Theoretical Design and Crystal Chemistry of Novel Hydrides in the Quest for Warm and Light Superconductivity at Ambient Pressures
Creators: name: Hilleke, Katerina P.
name: Zurek, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the past decade, a combination of crystal structure prediction techniques and experimental synthetic work has thoroughly explored the phase diagrams of binary hydrides under pressure. The fruitfulness of this dual approach is demonstrated in the recent identification of several superconducting hydrides with $T_c$s approaching room temperature. We start with an overview of the computational procedures for predicting stable structures and estimating their propensity for superconductivity. A survey of phases with high $T_c$ reveals some common structural features that appear conducive to the strong coupling of the electronic structure with atomic vibrations that leads to superconductivity. We discuss the stability and superconducting properties of phases containing two of these -- molecular H$_2$ units mixed with atomic H and hydrogenic clathrate-like cages -- as well as more unique motifs. Finally, we argue that ternary hydride phases, which are far less-explored, are a promising route to achieving simultaneously superconductivity at high temperatures and stability at low pressures. Several ternary hydrides arise from the addition of a third element to a known binary hydride structure through site mixing or onto a new site -- and several more are based on altogether new structural motifs.
description: 19 pages, 4 tables, 5 figures
Statistical structure and $γ$-decay properties of closed shell Pb nuclei
Creators: name: Syed, N. U. H.
name: Guttormsen, M.
name: Ingebretsen, F.
name: Larsen, A. C.
name: Lönnroth, T.
name: Rekstad, J.
name: Schiller, A.
name: Siem, S.
name: Voinov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The level densities and gamma-ray strength functions of 205-208Pb have been measured with the Oslo method, utilizing the (3He, 3He' gamma) and (3He,alpha gamma) reactions on the target nuclei 206Pb and 208Pb. The extracted level densities are consistent with known discrete levels at low excitation energies. The entropies and temperatures in the micro-canonical ensemble have been deduced from the experimental level density. An average entropy difference of Delta S ~ 1.8 k_B has been observed between 205Pb and 206Pb. The gamma-ray strength functions in 205-208Pb are extracted and compared with two models; however, none of them describe the data adequately. Intermediate structures have been observed at lower gamma-ray energies in all the analyzed Pb nuclei. These structures are less pronounced while moving from the doubly-magic nucleus 208Pb to 205Pb.
title: Ziele, Motivationen, Beziehungsorientierung und Fachlichkeit von Nachwuchs- und Spitzenkräften in nachhaltigkeitswissenschaftlich ausgerichteten Arbeitsbereichen. Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt „Nachhaltigkeitskompetenz und Geschlecht“ (NaGe)
Creators: name: Moths, Katharina
name: Thiem, Anja
name: Katz, Christine
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Beruf
subject: geschlechtsspezifische Segregation
subject: Karriere
subject: Nachhaltigkeit
subject: Nachhaltigkeitskompetenz
subject: Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaften
subject: Spitzenpositionen
subject: Wissenschaft
subject: ddc:300

description: Der Artikel stellt Ergebnisse aus der Analyse von Zielen und Motivationen sowie der Bedeutung sozialer und fachlicher Kompetenzen von Nachwuchs- und Spitzenkräften in wissenschaftlichen, nachhaltigkeitsorientierten Tätigkeitsfeldern vor. Aus Gendersicht wurden Zusammenhänge identifiziert, die auf Menschen und deren Möglichkeiten, an Spitzenpositionen zu gelangen, einwirken. Dabei zeigen sich zwischen Spitzen- und Nachwuchspositionen Verschiebungen in genderkodierten Trennungslinien, die Berufswege beeinflussen können. Diese beziehen sich auf das Verhältnis von Fachlichkeit und Beziehungsorientierung sowie von privat und öffentlich: Während Spitzenkräfte Sozialität instrumentell in den Dienst des Erwerbs von Fachkompetenz stellen, platzieren Nachwuchskräfte das soziale Miteinander im Zentrum und als existenzielles Element ihres Arbeitskontextes. Von den Nachwuchskräften wird weiterhin ein Verhältnis von Erwerbstätigkeit und Privatleben konstruiert, in dem das Private machtvoll ist und aktiv gewählt wird, während Spitzenkräfte im Interview eher die Erwerbsarbeit fokussieren.
Vibrational modes and low-temperature thermal properties of graphene and carbon nanotubes: A minimal force-constant model
Creators: name: Zimmermann, J.
name: Pavone, P.
name: Cuniberti, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a phenomenological force-constant model developed for the description of lattice dynamics of sp2 hybridized carbon networks. Within this model approach, we introduce a new set of parameters to calculate the phonon dispersion of graphene by fitting the ab initio dispersion. Vibrational modes of carbon nanotubes are obtained by folding the 2D dispersion of graphene and applying special corrections for the low-frequency modes. Particular attention is paid to the exact dispersion law of the acoustic modes, which determine the low-frequency thermal properties and reveal quantum size effects in carbon nanotubes. On the basis of the resulting phonon spectra, we calculate the specific heat and the thermal conductance for several achiral nanotubes of different diameter. Through the temperature dependence of the specific heat we demonstrate that phonon spectra of carbon nanotubes show one-dimensional behavior and that the phonon subbands are quantized at low temperatures. Consequently, we prove the quantization of the phonon thermal conductance by means of an analysis based on the Landauer theory of heat transport.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures
Quantum phase transition in a single-molecule quantum dot
Creators: name: Roch, Nicolas
name: Florens, Serge
name: Bouchiat, Vincent
name: Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang
name: Balestro, Franck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum criticality is the intriguing possibility offered by the laws of quantum mechanics when the wave function of a many-particle physical system is forced to evolve continuously between two distinct, competing ground states. This phenomenon, often related to a zero-temperature magnetic phase transition, can be observed in several strongly correlated materials such as heavy fermion compounds or possibly high-temperature superconductors, and is believed to govern many of their fascinating, yet still unexplained properties. In contrast to these bulk materials with very complex electronic structure, artificial nanoscale devices could offer a new and simpler vista to the comprehension of quantum phase transitions. This long-sought possibility is demonstrated by our work in a fullerene molecular junction, where gate voltage induces a crossing of singlet and triplet spin states at zero magnetic field. Electronic tunneling from metallic contacts into the $\rm{C_{60}}$ quantum dot provides here the necessary many-body correlations to observe a true quantum critical behavior.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
The Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS): III. X-Ray Data
Creators: name: Ueda, Yoshihiro
name: Watson, Michael G.
name: Stewart, Ian M.
name: Akiyama, Masayuki
name: Schwope, Axel D.
name: Lamer, Georg
name: Ebrero, Jacobo
name: Carrera, Francisco J.
name: Sekiguchi, Kazuhiro
name: Yamada, Tohru
name: Simpson, Chris
name: Hasinger, Guenther
name: Mateos, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the X-ray source catalog in the Subaru/XMM-Newton deep survey. A continuous area of 1.14 deg^2 centered at R.A. = 02h18m and Dec. = -05d is mapped by seven pointings with XMM-Newton covering the 0.2-10 keV band. From the combined images of the EPIC pn and MOS cameras, we detect 866, 1114, 645, and 136 sources with sensitivity limits of 6x10^{-16}, 8x10^{-16}, 3x10^{-15}, and 5x10^{-15} erg cm^{-2} s^{-1} in the 0.5-2, 0.5-4.5, 2-10, and 4.5-10 keV bands, respectively, with detection likelihood >= 7 (corresponding to a confidence level of 99.91%). The catalog consists of 1245 sources in total including 32 extended-source candidates. The averaged log N-log S relations are in good agreement with previous results, bridging the flux range between Chandra deep surveys and brighter surveys. The log N-log S relations show significant spatial variation among pointings on a scale of 0.2 deg^2. Analyzing the auto correlation function, we detect significant clustering signals from the 0.5-2 keV band sample, which can be fit with a power law form (θ/θ_c)^{-0.8} with a correlation length of θ_c=5.9^{+1.0}_{-0.9} arcsec when the integral constraint term is included. In the 2-10 keV band, however, the clustering is not significant with a 90% upper limit of θ_c < 1.5 arcsec.
description: 17 pages, 32 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS
The diagrammatic coaction beyond one loop
Creators: name: Abreu, Samuel
name: Britto, Ruth
name: Duhr, Claude
name: Gardi, Einan
name: Matthew, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The diagrammatic coaction maps any given Feynman graph into pairs of graphs and cut graphs such that, conjecturally, when these graphs are replaced by the corresponding Feynman integrals one obtains a coaction on the respective functions. The coaction on the functions is constructed by pairing a basis of differential forms, corresponding to master integrals, with a basis of integration contours, corresponding to independent cut integrals. At one loop, a general diagrammatic coaction was established using dimensional regularisation, which may be realised in terms of a global coaction on hypergeometric functions, or equivalently, order by order in the $ε$ expansion, via a local coaction on multiple polylogarithms. The present paper takes the first steps in generalising the diagrammatic coaction beyond one loop. We first establish general properties that govern the diagrammatic coaction at any loop order. We then focus on examples of two-loop topologies for which all integrals expand into polylogarithms. In each case we determine bases of master integrals and cuts in terms of hypergeometric functions, and then use the global coaction to establish the diagrammatic coaction of all master integrals in the topology. The diagrammatic coaction encodes the complete set of discontinuities of Feynman integrals, as well as the differential equations they satisfy, providing a general tool to understand their physical and mathematical properties.
Correlated $Λt$ pairs from the absorption of $K^-$ at rest in light nuclei
Creators: name: Agnello, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Novel data from the $K^{-}_{stop}A$ absorption reaction in light nuclei $^{6,7}$Li and $^{9}$Be are presented. The study aimed at finding $Λt$ correlations. Regardless of $A$, the $Λt$ pairs are preferentially emitted in opposite directions. Reaction modeling predominantly assigns to the $K^-_{stop}A\toΛt(N)A'$ direct reactions the emission of the $Λt$ pairs whose yield is found to range from $10^{-3}$ to $10^{-4}$$/K^-_{stop}$. The experiment was performed with the FINUDA spectrometer at DA$Φ$NE (LNF).
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B