Hydrellia vulgaris Cresson 1931
Creators: name: Júnior, Francisco De Assis Rodrigues
name: Mathis, Wayne Nielsen
name: Couri, Márcia Souto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Ephydridae
Hydrellia
Hydrellia vulgaris

description: Hydrellia vulgaris Cresson 1931
(Figs.: 4.4, 11.1–11.7, 12.1–12.3 and 13)
Hydrellia vulgaris Cresson 1931: 94 (description of male and female). Holotype male, BMNH. Type-locality: Chile. Peulla (41°4'55''S, 72°1'4''W *); Cresson 1947: 38 (review, Neotropical species); Wirth 1968: 13 (Neotropical catalog); Lizarralde de Grosso 1989: 34 (list, Argentina); Mathis & Zatwarnicki 1995: 93 (world catalog).
Hydrellia griseola of authors, not Fallén 1813 (misidentification); Cresson 1918: 49 (review, as Hydrellia hypoleuca); Parker et al. 1952: 29 (parasitoids: Chrysonotomyia species (Eulophidae), Pteromalus species (Pteromalidae), Opius species (Braconidae).
Diagnosis. Body length of male 2.27–2.30 mm, female 2.17–2.62 mm; frons 2–3 times broader than high, frontoorbital plate dark brown to black; frontal vitta brown or olive brown; both proclinate and reclinate fronto-orbital setae present; 5–6 aristal rays (rarely 7); face broad, densely microtomentose, silvery white to ochraceous, bearing 6–7 primary facial setae; maxillary palpus pale yellow to orange yellow; mesonotum densely microtomentose, brown to olive brown over black, opaque to subshiny; mesonotum usually with a bluish band along of dorsocentral and acrostichal rows; well-developed dorsocentral setae 0+1 or 1+1 (fig. 4.4); ctenidial setae along anteroventral margin of forefemur weakly developed; fore tarsi dark brown to black; mid and hind basitarsomere mostly dark brown to black; sternite 5 truncate anteriorly, with a small, rounded medial sulcus in posterior margin, forming broad posterior arms (figs. 11.1 and 11.2); surstylus in ventral view higher than broad, with a medial sulcus on apical half, and a smaller lateral cleft forming a small lateral process (figs. 11.1 and 11.7); epandrium broad, forming an inverted U (fig. 11.1).
Description. Head: frons 2–3 times broader than high, fronto-orbital plate dark brown to black; frontal vitta brown or olive brown; both proclinate and reclinate fronto-orbital setae present, with a third smaller proclinate setula between them; pseudopostocellar setae twice larger than ocellar setae; scape and pedicel dark grayish brown to black, pedicel densely grayish brown microtomentose dorsoapically, with 1 dorsoapical seta, varying from moderately to well developed, 1 well-developed setulae behind this, and 1–2 ventral hair like setulae; first flagellomere grayish brown to black, usually lighter; 5–6 aristal rays (rarely 7); face broad, densely microtomentose, silvery white to ochraceous, bearing 6–7 primary facial setae, sometimes with 1–2 declinate secondary facial setulae, in lateral view evenly convex or noticeably prominent bellow middle; parafacial narrow dorsally, wider ventrally, usually concolorous with face; gena, postgena and occiput silvery gray; genal groove black; 1 genal seta, sometimes with 1 well-developed postgenal setula; maxillary palpus pale yellow to orange yellow, bearing 3–4 setulae; epistomal ratio: 1.56–1.68; mesofacial ratio: 2.14–2.33; vertex ratio: 6.91–8.19; eyeto-gena ratio: 3.65–4.98; head ratio: 1.28–1.33.
Thorax: mesonotum densely microtomentose, brown to olive brown over black, opaque to subshiny; mesonotum usually with a bluish band along of dorsocentral and acrostichal rows; well-developed dorsocentral setae 0+1 or 1+1 (fig. 4.4), presutural usually smaller and not far removed from the postsutural; pleurae, except for notopleuron bluish gray microtomentose; notopleuron brown microtomentose (fig. 4.4); postpronotum mostly silvery gray; 1 postpronotal seta, sometimes with a second three times shorter setulae; 1 mesokatepisternal seta; 3 scutellar setae, mid pair weakly developed; anepisternum with some posterodorsal brown microtomentum. Wings: length 2.27–2.59 mm; hyaline with brown venation; knob of halter light yellow, stem yellowish brown; costal sections indices: II/I: 2.47–2.50; III/IV: 2.86–3.13; V/IV: 3.80–4.25; vein M ratio: 3.66–4.05. Legs: coxae and femora concolorous with pleural areas; trochanters dark yellow to brown; tibiae mostly concolorous with coxae and femora or slightly darker; ctenidial setae along anteroventral margin of forefemur weakly developed, sometimes almost imperceptible; joints dark yellow to brown; fore tarsi dark brown to black; mid and hind basitarsomere mostly dark brown to black, sometimes yellowish to orange yellow basally, following tarsomere dark brown to black.
Abdomen: in dorsal view, opaque to subshiny, dark grayish brown; tergite 5 in male about twice as long as forth; in lateral and ventral views, silvery gray; surstylus in ventral view brown microtomentose over silver. Male terminalia: sternite 5 truncate anteriorly, with a small, rounded medial sulcus in posterior margin, forming broad posterior arms (figs. 11.1 and 11.2); postgonite bent anteromedially; pregonite small (fig. 11.2), slightly bent medially; postsurstylus narrow, with a membrane from the base to apices (figs. 11.1 and 11.2); surstylus in ventral view higher than broad, with a medial sulcus on apical half, and a smaller lateral cleft forming a small lateral process (figs. 11.1 and 11.7); aedeagus in ventral view fusiform (fig. 11.3); in lateral view broadly rounded in ventral margin and sinuous in dorsal margin (fig. 11.4); phallapodeme in ventral view narrow medially, broader apically, posterior margin truncate, anterior margin slightly bifurcated (fig. 11.5), in lateral view L-shaped (fig. 11.6); epandrium broad, forming an inverted U (fig. 11.1). Female terminalia: third to tergite 5s subequal in size; tergite 6 about 3 times longer than 7 (fig. 12.1); tergite 8 forming an inverted U around cerci (fig. 12.1); sternites 3– 5 roundly rectangular, about 2 to 2.5 times longer than wide, uniformly setulose; sixth to tergite 8 subequal, roundly quadrate; hypoproct oblong, much broader than high (fig. 12.1); ventral receptacle with cap cupuliform (fig. 12.3).
Material examined. Brazil: São Paulo, Capital (23°32'51''S, 46°38'10''W *); IV.1960; O. P. Forattini (1 male, 1 female; MZUSP). São Paulo, Guatapará (21°28'20''S, 47°59'29''W *), II.1945, M. Carreara (1 female; CEIOC). Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Botânico (22°57'43''S, 43°13'23''W *), 5.II.1937, H. S. Lopes (1 female; CEIOC). Rio de Janeiro, Floresta da Tijuca (22°57'27.60''S, 43°16'26.08''W; 507 m), 17.XI.2011, F. A. Rodrigues Jr. (2 male, 4 female; MNRJ). Rio de Janeiro, Ilha da Marambaia (23°03'55.50''S, 43°52'50.94''W; 4 m), 11.VI–27.VIII.2011, F. A. Rodrigues Jr. (2 male, 5 female; MNRJ); Paraná, Castro (wetlands; 24°47.4'S, 50°0.3'W; 990 m), 24– 31.XII.2009, D. and W. N. Mathis (1 male; USNM). Paraná, Bocaiúva do Sul (25°14.9'S, 49°8.9'W; 890 m), 2– 4.XI.2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (3 male, 4 female; MNRJ, USNM). Paraná, Parque Iguaçú (25°33.4'S, 49°13.6'; 880 m), 9.XI.2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (2 male, 1 female; USNM). Paraná, Curitiba, UFPR (25°26.9'S, 49°14'W; 915 m), 26–31.XII.2009, D. and W. N. Mathis (1 male; USNM). Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia (27°11'[B]S, 52°23'W; 300–500 m), IX.1960, X.1970, VII.1971; F. Plaumann (1 male, 2 female; MZUSP).
Distribution. Neotropical: Argentina, Brazil (Paraná, São Paulo, Santa Catarina and Rio de Janeiro), Chile, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Juan Fernandez Islands, Galapagos Islands and Uruguay.
Notes. Hydrellia vulgaris is recorded for the first time from Brazil, as are the illustration of male and female terminalia. The first photography of this species is also presented. This species is morphologically similar to H. cavator Deonier and H. schneiderae sp. nov., but can be distinguished by the coloration of tarsi, number of aristal rays and by the presence of a presutural dorsocentral seta, this last character can vary in some cases.
description: Published as part of Júnior, Francisco De Assis Rodrigues, Mathis, Wayne Nielsen & Couri, Márcia Souto, 2014, Hydrellia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Ephydridae) from Brazil with an emphasis on the faunas from the states of Parana and Rio de Janeiro, pp. 501-541 in Zootaxa 3753 (6) on pages 516-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.6.1, http://zenodo.org/record/226733