cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Photometric observations and light curve solutions of the W UMa stars NSVS 2244206, NSVS 908513, CSS J004004.7+385531 and VSX J062624.4+570907
Creators: name: Kjurkchieva, D.
name: Popov, V. A.
name: Vasileva, D.
name: Petrov, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photometric observations in Sloan g' and i' bands of four W UMa stars, NSVS 2244206, NSVS 908513, CSS J004004.7+385531, VSX J062624.4+570907, are presented. The light curve solutions reveal that all targets have overcontact configurations with fillout factor within 0.15-0.26. Their components are of G-K spectral type and almost in thermal contacts. They are relatively close also in size and luminosity: the radius rations r_2/r_1 are within 0.75-0.90; the luminosity ratios l_2/l_1 are within 0.53-0.63. The results of the light curve solution of CSS J004007.7+385531 imply weak limb-darkening effect of its primary component and possible presence of additional absorbing feature in the system.
description: Accepten for publication in RAA
Resource Allocation Optimization for Users with Different Levels of Service in Multicarrier Systems
Creators: name: Kibria, Mirza Golam
name: Lin, Shan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We optimize the throughput of a single cell multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system with proportional data rate fairness among the users. The concept is to support mobile users with different levels of service. The optimization problem is a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem, which is computationally very expensive. We propose a novel and efficient near-optimal solution adopting a two-phase optimization approach that separates the subcarrier and power allocation. In the first phase, we relax the strict proportional data rate requirements and employ an iterative subcarrier allocation approach that coarsely satisfies desired data rate proportionality constraints. In the second phase, we reallocate the power among the users in an iterative way to further enhance the adherence to the desired proportions by exploiting the normalized proportionality deviation measure. The simulation results show that the proposed solution exhibits very strong adherence to the desired proportional data rate fairness while achieving higher system throughput compared to the other existing solutions.
description: Resource Allocation in MU-OFDM
Insights Into the Light Trapping Mechanisms in 100 NM-Thick Nanopatterned Gaas Solar Cells
Creators: name: Micha, D.N.
name: Giteau, M.
name: Cattoni, A.
name: Guillemoles, J.-F.
name: Collin, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
III-V and Related Compound Semiconductors

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 279-281
description: By maximizing the interaction of sunlight with the absorber, light trapping allows for more than one order of magnitude reduction in the solar cell thickness with minor impact on performance. This possibility has been experimentally demonstrated for mature technologies, such as Si and GaAs ultrathin solar cells, with very high shortcircuit currents (JSC). In this work, we optimize the optical properties of a 100 nm-thick GaAs solar cell using a periodic subwavelength diffraction grating and demonstrate an optically equivalent JSC of 27.2 mA/cm2. Along with the calculations of the optical properties and a detailed analysis of the losses, we present a step-by-step evolution of the light trapping design from a simple back mirror to an advanced design combining a semiconductor diffraction grating, a spacer layer and a flat mirror. Finally, we go one step further in the optimization using OptiPV, an in-house developed software. It combines optical simulations with electrical simulations using SCAPS, through the calculation of the carrier generation rate in stacks that include photonic nanostructuration, allowing to consider practical aspects of the device operation.
Flexible GaAs//Cu(In1-x,Gax)(Sy,Se1-y)2-based Three-Junction Solar Cells Using Modified Smart Stack Technology
Creators: name: Makita, K.
name: Tomita, H.
name: Mizuno, H.
name: Oshima, R.
name: Shoji, Y.
name: Müller, R.
name: Lackner, D.
name: Dimroth, F.
name: Sugaya, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Tandems

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 270-272
description: Multijunction (MJ) solar cells achieve very high efficiencies by effectively utilizing the solar spectrum. Previously, we constructed a GaAs//CuIn1-yGaySe2 (CIGSe) MJ solar cell using a unique mechanical stacking technology with Pd nanoparticle and silicone adhesive at the bonding interface (modified smart stack technology). The modified smart stack was developed to increase the bonding strength of the GaAs//CIGSe interface. The efficiency of 28.06% with a InGaP/AlGaAs//CIGSe three-junction solar cell was the best value among GaAs//CIGSe tandem solar cells as two-terminal. In this report, we fabricated a flexible InGaP/AlGaAs//Cu(In1-x,Gax)(Sy,Se1-y)2 (CIGSSe) threejunction solar cell using a flexible CIGSSe bottom cell. Appling the modified smart stack, the total efficiency with 24.3% for aperture area (26.7% for active area) was realized under the global standard AM1.5G spectrum. This is the first demonstration as a flexible GaAs//CIGSe-based MJ solar cell. The superior performance can be achieved by improving the reflection loss at the bonding interface. We predict that the efficiency could be boosted to 35% by minimizing the thickness of transparent conducting oxide layer and the surface roughness of CIGSSe cell. The results demonstrate the potential of GaAs//CIGSe-based MJ solar cell as next-generation solar cells for application such as vehicle-integrated photovoltaics.
Study of CdSeTe/CdTe Devices Fabricated by Thermal Evaporation
Creators: name: Artegiani, E.
name: Punathil, P.
name: Zanetti, S.
name: Torabi, N.
name: Romeo, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Films; Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 273-275
description: Our group fabricates and studies CdTe based solar cells deposited by thermal evaporation method at low substrate temperature (below 450 °C). In this paper we present and study CdSeTe/CdTe cells, where the CdSeTe compound is formed by evaporating in sequence a CdSe and a CdTe layer, subsequently mixed by a CdCl2 activation treatment. These devices, with an absorber thickness of only 2 µm, show current densities above 27 mA/cm2. Earlier we also introduced an innovative method to develop CdSeTe by treating a thin CdTe layer at high temperature in selenium atmosphere (selenization), which gets subsequently mixed with a thicker CdTe layer. We study the structure of the new devices completely manufactured by evaporation and we compare them with the samples fabricated by selenization. This reveals how the manufacturing method of the CdSeTe layer affects the device properties.
Assessment of lease financing in Ethiopia among DBE, ACGFC and OCGFC.
Creators: name: Befekadu, Nigussie
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: The main target of the study is to assess the current situation of lease financing by focusing on some basic points like: internal factors and external factors that affect lease financing, nature and benefit of lease financing and future prospects. Lease financing is an alternative means and sophisticated mechanism to fill gaps of finance accessing. Even though in Ethiopia it is at infant stage leasing is very important for developing countries in which business environment is weak. The study uses both qualitative and quantitative method. Both primary and secondary data were used as evidence for the study. In identifying the respondents from the study population a mix of both random and purposive sampling were adopted. Three lease providing companies DBE, ACGFC and OCGFC were used to take 65 sample respondents. The collected were analyzed through descriptive statistics that involves tables, frequency distribution and percentage. In the study, basic challenges like: lack of leasing expertise in the market; existence of inadequate supply chain linkages, existence of limited domestic suppliers; and absence of specialized leasing training center, lack of stakeholder integration, shortage of hard currencies and re-possession, absence of adequate local manufacturers, long lease processing time, awareness gap and rental problem were identified. Despite these challenges, the study identified that leasing has high market potential for growth in Ethiopia due to government support, economic growth and industry focus of the country. Conclusion and recommendation is given based on the questionnaire and interview results. The study concludes that leasing is best opportunity to get finance without collateral and credit history. And also the study recommends lease sector should create strong bond with different stakeholders, promote local manufacturing create an enabling environment and the general awareness of leasing to create vibrant lease ecosystem.
Comparison of 30 THz impulsive burst time development to microwaves, H-alpha, EUV, and GOES soft X-rays
Creators: name: Miteva, R.
name: Kaufmann, P.
name: Cabezas, D. P.
name: Cassiano, M. M.
name: Fernandes, L. O. T.
name: Freeland, S. L.
name: Karlicky, M.
name: Kerdraon, A.
name: Kudaka, A. S.
name: Luoni, M. L.
name: Marcon, R.
name: Raulin, J. -P.
name: Trottet, G.
name: White, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of impulsive solar burst emission in the 30 THz band is raising new interpretation challenges. One event associated with a GOES M2 class flare has been observed simultaneously in microwaves, H-alpha, EUV, and soft X-ray bands. Although these new observations confirm some features found in the two prior known events, they exhibit time profile structure discrepancies between 30 THz, microwaves, and hard X-rays (as inferred from the Neupert effect). These results suggest a more complex relationship between 30 THz emission and radiation produced at other wavelength ranges. The multiple frequency emissions in the impulsive phase are likely to be produced at a common flaring site lower in the chromosphere. The 30 THz burst emission may be either part of a nonthermal radiation mechanism or due to the rapid thermal response to a beam of high-energy particles bombarding the dense solar atmosphere.
description: accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Theoretical Study on the Improved Bi-Layer Absorber of Silver Incorporated SB2SE3 Devices
Creators: name: Lee, S.
name: McInenery, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Films; Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 276-278
description: We have studied Ag incorporated Sb2(SxSe1-x)3 bi-layer devices by modeling and simulation to optimize the absorber layer. Four different device structures are extensively investigated to optimize the device configuration. Firstly, as a frame of reference, simple single-layer devices are studied with the absorber film of each AgSb(SxSe1-x)3 and Sb2(SxSe1-x)3 as the Sulfur composition increases. Following the study of reference devices, the impact of Sulfur composition on bi-layer devices has been modeled and simulated with two different absorber configurations such as Sb2(SxSe1-x)3/AgSb(SxSe1-x)3 and AgSb(SxSe1-x)3/ Sb2(SxSe1-x)3. Compared with any single-layer devices, the absorber configuration of AgSb(SxSe1-x)3/ Sb2(SxSe1-x)3 bi-layers shows best performance at the Sulfur composition, x = 0.4. This is ascribed to the reduced effective Schottky barrier by 126 mV at the back contact, improving the roll-over effect by 4.3 times at 1 V. The resulting efficiency is 18.6 %, Voc, is 778.9 mV, Jsc is 37.2 mA/cm2, and FF is 64.0 %. Once the bi-devices with the highest efficiency and the optimal Sulfur composition are identified, a set of different device parameters have been studied to optimize these bi-layer devices further. The best efficiency is 21.4 % with Voc (822 mV), Jsc (38.1 mA/cm2), and FF (68.4 %) based on this study.
Modelling and Optimization of Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Devices for Enhanced Field Energy Production
Creators: name: Tomšic, S.
name: Lipovšek, B.
name: Jošt, M.
name: Brecl, K.
name: Topic, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Tandems

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 260-264
description: An important step in the evolution of every novel photovoltaic (PV) technology before it emerges on the market is to move beyond standard test conditions (STC) and strive to maximize the production of electrical energy in realistic operating conditions. In this work we use an in-house developed modelling approach for accurate calculation of the energy yield (EY) as the most important figure-of-merit in determining the capabilities of PV devices in realistic operating conditions. We first investigate how the installation of the tandem device at different geographical locations (selected from distinct Köppen-Geiger-Photovoltaic climate zones) affects the annual energy yield as well as the optimal bandgap of the perovskite sub-cell (EG,PK). We show that the energy yield values are dominated by the location-conditioned annual insolation, whereas the optimal EG,PK is not significantly influenced by the climate zone of the device operation. However, all optimal EG,PK values obtained under realistic operating conditions are at least 20 meV higher than the one determined under STC conditions. Finally, we perform the sensitivity analysis of EY modelling. We show that the inclusion of realistic temperature and especially realistic spectral distribution of incident irradiance is crucial for obtaining accurate results, both in terms of absolute EY as well as optimal EG,PK values.
Sustainable Material Evaluation for Silicon Based Tandem Solar Cells at Terawatt Scale Production
Creators: name: Wang, L.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Kim, M.
name: Wright, M.
name: Underwood, R.
name: Bonilla, R.S.
name: Hallam, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Tandems

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 265-269
description: In accordance with “Net zero emissions” goal, annual photovoltaic (PV) production must be expanded to terawatts (TW) scale around 2030. This goal not only accelerates the requirement of improvement on efficiencies of solar cells, but also intensifies the consumption of scarce materials contained, especially in the high efficiency Si-based tandem solar cells. This abstract provides a sustainability analysis of various potential silicon-based tandem solar cell designs in heading towards terawatt scales of annual PV production by 2030 on the path towards net-zero emissions by 2050. It investigates the current and target consumption values of critical elements for future silicon-based tandem devices in the absorbing materials (eg. III-V, CIGS, CdTe and perovskite), and bottom cell (PERC, TOPCon and SHJ) candidates and requirement for metal electrodes, as well as lateral conductors/buffer layers typically based on indiumtin-oxide (ITO). We show that III-V, CIGS and CdTe top cells will not support TW scales of manufacturing, with perovskites provide the most sustainable top cell, if it is indium-free. For the bottom cell, PERC could allow significantly lower silver consumption than TOPCon and SHJ cells.
Process Engineering and Interfacial Defects Passivation of Large Area Perovskite Solar Modules
Creators: name: Vesce, L.
name: Stefanelli, M.
name: Razza, S.
name: Castriotta, L.A.
name: Di Giacomo, F.
name: Di Carlo, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Perovskites

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 252-254
description: The industrial and economical transition of the perovskite (PVSK) photovoltaic (PV) technology is feasible by scaling-up effective PVSK recipe and post-treatment from small area cells ( 1 cm2) to sub-modules (≥ 200 cm2). In this work, we reported on the ambient air fabrication of a low temperature planar n-i-p PVSK submodule (total area 320 cm2, aperture area 201 cm2, 93% GFF) exploiting the defect passivation strategy, the PVSK composition and a hybrid blade/slot-die coating technique assisted by air and green antisolvent quenching method. Finally, the sub-module record efficiency is 16.13% with 7% and 0% losses with respect to small area cell and minimodule, respectively. Further details, characterizations, life cycle assessment (LCA) and stability test are in the full paper submitted to Progress in Photovoltaics.
Approximate but Accurate Quantum Dynamics from the Mori Formalism: I. Nonequilibrium Dynamics
Creators: name: Montoya-Castillo, Andrés
name: Reichman, David. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a formalism that explicitly unifies the commonly used Nakajima-Zwanzig approach for reduced density matrix dynamics with the more versatile Mori theory in the context of nonequilibrium dynamics. Employing a Dyson-type expansion to circumvent the difficulty of projected dynamics, we obtain a self-consistent equation for the memory kernel which requires only knowledge of normally evolved auxiliary kernels. To illustrate the properties of the current approach, we focus on the spin-boson model and limit our attention to the use of a simple and inexpensive quasi-classical dynamics, given by the Ehrenfest method, for the calculation of the auxiliary kernels. For the first time, we provide a detailed analysis of the dependence of the properties of the memory kernels obtained via different projection operators, namely the thermal (Redfield-type) and population based (NIBA-type) projection operators. We further elucidate the conditions that lead to short-lived memory kernels and the regions of parameter space to which this program is best suited. Via a thorough analysis of the different closures available for the auxiliary kernels and the convergence properties of the self-consistently extracted memory kernel, we identify the mechanisms whereby the current approach leads to a significant improvement over the direct usage of standard semi- and quasi-classical dynamics.
Understanding Perovskite Experimental Degradation Pathways Combining Experimental Measurements and Simulations
Creators: name: Julien, A.
name: Puel, J.B.
name: Guillemoles, J.F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Perovskites

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 247-251
description: Perovskite solar cells have been reported to be sensitive to various stressors, potentially inducing numerous chemical or physical degradation processes, making it challenging to identify causes of performance losses. Here we take advantage of electrical measurements done along aging experiments to identify the degradation processes causing the loss of performances. Correlations between electrical parameters are used: by avoiding time dependence, they define characteristic pathways of the degradation mechanisms. Experimental and simulated degradation paths can therefore directly be compared. To do so, a procedure has been developed to reproduce the initial performances of a given device, based on a randomized approach. It allows implementing several unitary degradation mechanisms, and their pathways are compared to experimental results. An aging experiment performed in-house is investigated and results show the ETL might be the cause of failure. Furthermore, experimental records available in literature are investigated. Causes attributed by authors and even the kinetics approach employed can be discussed, as results at different temperature are analyzed independently. The method, furthermore, allows considering sequential combinations of mechanisms. It is demonstrated how simulations can support the enhancement of perovskite solar cells stability by distinguishing their degradation processes.
Miscibility Phase Diagram of Ring Polymer Blends: A Topological Effect
Creators: name: Sakaue, Takahiro
name: Nakajima, Chihiro H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The miscibility of polymer blends, a classical problem in polymer science, may be altered, if one or both of the component do not have chain ends. Based on the idea of {\it topological volume}, we propose a mean-field theory to clarify how the topological constraints in ring polymers affect the phase behavior of the blends. While the large enhancement of the miscibility is expected for ring-linear polymer blends, the opposite trend toward demixing, albeit comparatively weak, is predicted for ring-ring polymer blends. Scaling formulas for the shift of critical point for both cases are derived. We discuss the valid range of the present theory, and the crossover to the linear polymer blends behaviors, which is expected for short chains. These analysis put forward a view that the topological constraints could be represented as an effective excluded-volume effects, in which the topological length plays a role of the screening factor.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Interface between Poly-Si on Oxide Passivated Si Bottom and Perovskite Top Cells – Search for the Leanest and Best Working Layer Stack
Creators: name: Peibst, R.
name: Schwarz, C.
name: Larionova, Y.
name: Wolter, S.
name: Rienäcker, M.
name: Wietler, T.
name: Diederich, M.
name: Brendel, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Tandems

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 255-259
description: Regarding the interface between Si bottom cells with poly-Si on oxide (POLO) junctions as the uppermost layer and the lowest layer of a perovskite (Pk) top cell (i.e., the hole-selective layer HTL in pin configuration), many questions are still open, including the one which layers are actually required for low-resistive subcell interconnection. In this work, we compare recombination-layer (RL) and tunneling junction (TJ) - based subcell interconnection schemes, namely spiro-TTB/n+ poly-Si, spiro-TTB/p+ poly-Si/n+ poly-Si, and spiro-TTB/ITO/n+ poly-Si. The first is – to our knowledge for the first time – investigated experimentally. We prepare dedicated Pk/Si test structures, which are opaque co-evaporated MAPbI3 top cells on Si substrates with the uppermost layers of interest. DarkIV and frequency-dependent impedance measurements are applied. We reveal an upper limit for the contact resistance of 14 mΩcm2 for the p+ poly-Si / n poly-Si tunnel junction with Cox&Strack measurements. We observe a reduction of the current densities measured on our Pk/Si test structures upon biasing at more than 1 V, that stabilizes at a factor of ~1/300 for the spiro-TTB/ITO and of ~ 1/10 for both spiro-TTB/poly-Si interfaces as compared to the initial measurement. After stabilization, our IV measurements show that the spiro-TTB/n+ poly-Si recombination junction conducts comparable current densities as the spiro-TTB/p+ poly-Si interface. Within a framework of a three-element equivalent circuit for impedance measurements, the spiro-TTB/X interface affects the voltage dependent parallel resistance. The comparable current densities for the spiro-TTB/n+ poly-Si and the spiro-TTB/p+ poly-Si interface gives hope that n+-type poly-Si can indeed work as a recombination layer itself, although we did not succeed in a quantification of the specific resistance of the spiro-TTB/X interface. This indication has to be verified on full tandem cells.
Development of an Ideal Observer that Incorporates Nuisance Parameters and Processes List-Mode Data
Creators: name: MacGahan, Christopher J.
name: Kupinski, Matthew A.
name: Hilton, Nathan R.
name: Brubaker, Erik M.
name: Johnson, William C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Observer models were developed to process data in list-mode format in order to perform binary discrimination tasks for use in an arms-control-treaty context. Data used in this study was generated using GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations for photons using custom models of plutonium inspection objects and a radiation imaging system. Observer model performance was evaluated and presented using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The ideal observer was studied under both signal-known-exactly conditions and in the presence of unknowns such as object orientation and absolute count-rate variability; when these additional sources of randomness were present, their incorporation into the observer yielded superior performance.
Interfacial Limitations of ALD-Grown Tin Oxide as an Electron Selective Layer in Perovskite-Based Solar Cells
Creators: name: Gayot, F.
name: Bruhat, E.
name: Manceau, M.
name: De Vito, E.
name: Mariolle, D.
name: Cros, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Perovskites

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 237-240
description: Lower performances are usually recorded for perovskite and silicon/perovskite tandem solar cells that use tin oxide (SnO2) grown by Atomic Layer Deposition as an electron selective layer instead of solution-processed SnO2. This work attempts to determine possible causes for such limitations. A comparative study on chemical, electrical, optical and topographical properties of ALD-grown SnO2 and solution-processed SnO2 thin films and on their integration in perovskite-based solar cells is presented. This study points out the SnO2/perovskite interface as the main performance-limiting element. Specifically, a larger workfunction for ALD-grown SnO2 may create a potential barrier for electron extraction at PK interface.
Understanding Circadian Effective Lighting
Creators: name: Schlangen, L.J.M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: circadian lighting, melanopsin, ipRGC, integrative lighting, human-centric lighting, non-visual effects of light

description: The Magazine Designing Lighting (dl) examines the three circadian methodologies (melanopic EDI, EML and CS) in layman’s terms. Most designers do not specify circadian methodologies primarily for two reasons: it is extremely complicated, and the science is ongoing.
 New data are still being generated by many labs throughout the world. By Randy Reid with the following contributors: 1) Melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance Explained (MEDI) by Luc Schlangen 2) EML (WELL) by Nathan Stodola and Shengliang (Daniel) Ron, 3) The Circadian Stimulus Model: What is it? by Mariana Figueiro.
Factors affecting customer preference on financial services of Micro financial Institution of Bishoftu Town
Creators: name: Wolelaw, Ambelu
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: Microfinance is the provision of financial services and the management of small amounts of money through a range of products and a system of intermediary functions that are targeted at low income clients. So far very few studies have been conducted in the area of customer satisfaction of microfinance services. This study therefore sought to identify the factors affecting customers' preferences on choosing and using Financial Services of Micro Finance Institutions. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed to achieve the objective of the study. In order to make the preference of the customers more representative; random sampling procedure was used for selection of respondents from the customers of the selected Microfinance Institutions found in Bishoftu Town by selecting their active customers from their files. The questionnaire survey was employed on a sample size of 393 customers. However, 384 questionnaires were returned with important information. Descriptive and inferential statistic such as frequency, percentage, and regression analysis were used to analyze data. The result of explanatory and regression analysis showed that five factors named as service quality, price of products and services, convenience, governments regulations and financial literacy explained 32% of variation in the preference of respondents. The Questionnaire was piloted so as to improve its validity. From the findings, customer preference (choice) on financial services of a microfinance institution affected by service quality, price of products and services, convenience and government regulations. Whereas, financial literacy flexibility and culture do not influence customer preference of a microfinance institution customers. As customers place more emphasis on these factors, the Micro Financial Institutions should considered seriously on service quality, price, convenience and polices and regulations in designing their marketing strategies by strengthening their customer relationship management and providing good customers services to customers.
The use of Google Trends to forecast the spread of infectious diseases: a systematic review protocol
Creators: name: Valz Gris, Angelica
name: Farina, Sara
name: Villani, Leonardo
name: Bonacquisti, Michele
name: Gualano, Maria
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: This is a preregistration of the protocol of a Systematic Review: the use of Google Trends to forecast the spread of infectious diseases: a systematic review and a critical appraisal. This systematic review aim at recollecting and analyzing all the predictive models designed for forecasting the outbreak of infectious diseases and published in scientific literature that use data from Google Trends as predictors, and to assess their performance and quality.
Collision dynamics of Skyrmions in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Kaneda, Tomoya
name: Saito, Hiroki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of Skyrmions in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate are numerically investigated in the mean-field theory. When two Skyrmions collide with each other, they are first united and then scattered into various states. For head-on collisions, Skyrmions with unit winding number are scattered. The collision dynamics with an impact parameter are shown to depend on the relative phase. These dynamic processes are characterized by integer winding numbers.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 7 movies
Integration of Flywheel Energy Storage Systems in Low Voltage Distribution Grids
Creators: name: Karrari, Shahab
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: Schwungräder
Energiespeicher
Echtzeitsimulation
Power Hardware-in-the-Loop-Tests
Flywheels
Energy Storage
Real-time Simulation
Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing

description: A Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) can rapidly inject or absorb high amounts of active power in order to support the grid, following abrupt changes in the generation or in the demand, with no concern over its lifetime. The work presented in this book studies the grid integration of a high-speed FESS in low voltage distribution grids from several perspectives, including optimal allocation, sizing, modeling, real-time simulation, and Power Hardware-in-the-Loop testing.
Electro-thermal Model for Lock-in Infrared Imaging of Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells
Creators: name: Comi, E.L.
name: Knapp, E.
name: Battaglia, M.
name: Weidmann, S.
name: Kirsch, C.
name: Jenatsch, S.
name: Hiestand, R.
name: Bonmarin, M.
name: Ruhstaller, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Perovskites

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 241-246
description: The production of uniform layers without defects is crucial for the efficient upscaling of perovskite solar cells. To understand the origin of defects and their impact on efficiency, we compare steady-state (DC) and alternating current (AC) measurements with simulation results obtained by an electro-thermal 2D+1D finite element method (FEM) implemented in the software Laoss. The software supports the upscaling process from small- to large-area devices by solving for the potential and temperature distribution in 2D top and bottom electrode domains, which are coupled by a vertical 1D coupling law. Recently, we extended this FEM model to the frequency domain in order to study both DC and AC characteristics of solar cells. Here, we report on the extension of this frequency-dependent FEM model to the thermal domain, allowing us to calculate amplitude and phase images of solar cells that are voltagemodulated in the dark. We measured and modelled a screen-printed carbon-based hole-transporter-free perovskite solar cell with a defect, appearing as a hotspot in temperature measurements. In contrast to the traditional DLIT method using a large voltage modulation, we introduce a small-signal DLIT (SS-DLIT) imaging method which our model is capable to reproduce. Fitting thermal AC simulations to measured data, allowed to quantify the defect and examine its behaviour and origin.
Oxyde Ferroelectric Perovskite Nanoparticles Dispersed in Biopolymer-Matrix for High-Performance Solar Cell (Ferro-OPV) for Indoor Applications
Creators: name: Ndioukane, R.
name: Balde, F.
name: Kobor, D.
name: Solard, J.
name: Motte, L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
New Materials, Devices and Conversion Concepts

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 234-236
description: The present work proposes another way to obtain solar cells based on PZN-PT ferroelectric oxides with very high efficiency beyond that of halogenated perovskites and requiring only ferroelectric nanoparticles dispersed in biopolymer matrix thus allowing the reduction of their environmental impact. In our recent studies, we successfully fabricate thin films on ITO substrate by dispersing these nanoparticles in a biopolymer. We demonstrated that they conserve the ferroelectric properties of the PZN-PT bulk crystal. The idea to use these ferroelectric materials (PZN-PT) came from the fact that the ferroelectric nature of these layers could facilitate electric charges accumulation on the interfaces of the solar cell. Thus, it would increase the open circuit voltage Voc which could reach more than 10 V. This would directly impact the efficiency which is proportional to Voc, thus hoping to obtain solar efficiency never equaled by the halide perovskites which are less stable and less resistant in aggressive environments. The cell produced gave an exceptional record efficiency with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 3.50 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 0.118 mA/cm2 and an FF of 0.72 measured in the positive polarization direction under 3825 lux (5.6 W/m2) lightning.
A note on the augmented Zagreb index of cacti with fixed number of vertices and cycles
Creators: name: Ali, Akbar
name: Bhatti, Akhlaq Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\mathcal{C}_{n,k}$ be the family of all cacti with $k$ cycles and $n\geq4$ vertices. In the present note, the element of the class $\mathcal{C}_{n,k}$ having minimum augmented Zagreb index ($AZI$) is characterized. Moreover, some structural properties of the graph(s) having maximum $AZI$ value over the collection $\mathcal{C}_{n,0}$, are also reported.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Harvesting Solar Energy below Si Bandgap Using Metal-Silicon Junction through Hot Carrier Effect
Creators: name: Chang, C.H.
name: Jhou, J.C.
name: Hsin-Ting, L.
name: Lin, C.F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
New Materials, Devices and Conversion Concepts

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 227-229
description: Traditional silicon-based solar cells generally can only absorb the solar spectrum with wavelengths below 1.1 microns, and others cannot be absorbed but consumed in the form of heat. In this research, the metal/semiconductor junction is used to break through the limitation of silicon bandgap, and hot carrier effect is applied. The metal thin layer is used to absorb sunlight to generate hot carriers, quickly passing through the energy barrier to generate photocurrent, maximizing the use of solar energy. Compared with conventional silicon solar cells on the market, metal/silicon junction solar cells have better absorption and photovoltaic performance in the infrared regime, expanding the absorption range of silicon-based solar cells, and more effectively utilizing the entire solar spectrum.
Psychological Test Adaptation and Development – A New Beginning
Creators: name: Ziegler, Matthias
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: assessment
subject: open access
subject: test adaptation
subject: test development
subject: test translation
subject: EAPA
subject: registered report
subject: 150 Psychologie

description: Introductory editorial for the open access journal Psychological Test Adaptation and Development.
Fabrication of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with Light Trapping Structures Specialized for Near-Infrared Light by Nanoimprinting
Creators: name: Kimata, Y.
name: Gotoh, K.
name: Miyamoto, S.
name: Kurokawa, Y.
name: Usami, N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
New Materials, Devices and Conversion Concepts

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 230-233
description: Vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) are gaining attention to realize a decarbonized society in the future, and the specifications for solar cells used in VIPV are predicated on a low cost, high efficiency, and the ability to be applied to curved surfaces. One way to meet these requirements is to make the silicon substrate thinner. However, thinner substrates result in lower near-infrared light absorption and lower efficiency. To increase light absorption, light trapping structures (LTSs) can be implemented. However, conventional alkali etched pyramid textures are not specialized for near-infrared light and are insufficient to improve near-infrared light absorption. Therefore, in this study, as an alternative to alkaline etching, we employed a nanoimprinting method that can easily fabricate submicron-sized LTSs on solar cells over a large area. In addition, as a master mold fabrication method, a method using silica particles as a mask was adopted. As a result, control of the LTSs structure was confirmed by silica particles. The sample with LTSs achieved a reduction of reflectivity in the near-infrared region (1000~1200 nm) and a theoretical maximum gain of Jsc of 1.65 mA/cm2.
Large-area, uniform and low-cost dual-mode plasmonic naked-eye colorimetry and SERS sensor with handheld Raman spectrometer
Creators: name: Xu, Zhida
name: Jiang, Jing
name: Wang, Xinhao
name: Han, Kevin
name: Ameen, Abid
name: Khan, Ibrahim
name: Chang, Te-Wei
name: Liu, Gang Logan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrated a highly sensitive, waferscale, highly uniform plasmonic nanomushroom substrate based on plastic for nakedeye plasmonic colorimetry and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We gave it the name FlexBrite. The dualmode functionality of FlexBrite allows for label-free qualitative analysis by SERS with an enhancement factor (EF) of 10^8 and labelfree quantitative analysis by naked eye colorimetry with a sensitivity of 611 nm RIU-1. The SERS EF of FlexBrite in the wet state was found to be 4.81 X 10^8, 7 times stronger than in the dry state, making FlexBrite suitable for aqueous environments such as microfluid systems. The labelfree detection of biotin streptavidin interaction by both SERS and colorimetry was demonstrated with FlexBrite. The detection of trace amounts of the narcotic drug methamphetamine in drinking water by SERS was implemented with a handheld Raman spectrometer and FlexBrite. This plastic based dual-mode nano-mushroom substrate has the potential to be used as a sensing platform for easy and fast analysis in chemical and biological assays.
description: Nanoscale 2016
title: The Ultimate (but not the Only) Remedy for Securing Fundamental Rights in the EAW System? Some Reflections on Puig Gordi and E. D. L.
Creators: name: Grossio, Lorenzo
name: Rosi, Margherita
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: European Arrest Warrant
subject: mutual trust
subject: fundamental rights protection
subject: Aranyosi and Căldăraru
subject: right to a fair trial
subject: right to health

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(2), 547-559
description: European Forum Insight of 22 September 2023
description: I. Does the Aranyosi and Caldararu test represent the sole and unchanging solution to fundamental rights issues in the EAW system? - II. The Aranyosi and Caldararu test remains unchanged: the ECJ ruling in Puig Gordi - II.1. Facts of the case and preliminary questions - II.2. The Court’s reasoning - III. The Aranyosi and Caldararu test is not the only answer to fundamental rights issues in the EAW system: The ECJ ruling in E. D. L. - III.1. Facts of the case and preliminary question - III.2. The Court’s reasoning - IV. Commentary: towards a renewed understanding of the Aranyosi and Caldararu test - IV.1. Two cases, two approaches: why? - IV.2. The ultimate (but not the only) remedy for securing fundamental rights - V. Conclusions
description: This Insight offers a combined reading of the ECJ rulings in Puig Gordi and E. D. L., with a view to investi-gating their impact on the theorisation and place of the Aranyosi and Căldăraru test in the EAW frame-work. Notwithstanding multiple calls for overcoming that twofold assessment, the Court has strenu-ously upheld the test’s structure in subsequent case-law. Against this background, the Puig Gordi and E. D. L. rulings give further insight into the ECJ's approach towards securing fundamental rights in the EAW system. On the one hand, the Court in Puig Gordi has halted any aspiration to modify the Aranyosi and Căldăraru test; on the other hand, the E. D. L. ruling clarified that the test does not constitute the only avenue to protect the defendant’s fundamental rights. In this light, the Insight shows that the Aranyosi and Căldăraru test shall be construed as the ultimate remedy to that aim. Executing authorities shall undergo the two-step assessment only if the EAW Framework Decision does not afford any alternative legal avenue to avoid serious risks of violation of the defendant’s fundamental rights. This approach is likely to project the fundamental rights discourse in the EAW context to a new dimension. The ECJ’s ex-plicit refusal to modify the Aranyosi and Căldăraru test may dissuade further calls in that direction. Con-versely, the ECJ reasoning discloses that the EAW Framework Decision may afford valuable and under-estimated alternatives to the two-step test, whose potential still needs to be explored.
Impact of Lateral Effects on EQE Measurements of Large Scale Tandem Solar Cells
Creators: name: Reichmuth, S.K.
name: Fell, A.
name: Siefer, G.
name: Schachtner, M.
name: Chojniak, D.
name: Fischer, O.
name: Mühleis, M.
name: Rauer, M.
name: Hohl-Ebinger, J.
name: Schubert, M.C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Advanced Modeling and Characterization

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 222-226
description: Laterally inhomogeneous cell parameters in large scale perovskite/silicon (PSC/Si) tandem solar cells may significantly influence the device performance. The lateral quality of the absorber can be analysed with electroluminescence (EL), photoluminescence (PL) and thermographic methods. In addition to a global impact on cell performance, such lateral effects are often not considered in EQE and I-V-characterization of tandem devices, yet may lead to erroneous measurement results. Therefore, we see the necessity to employ large-area 3D PSC/Si-tandem simulations to understand the impact of lateral inhomogeneities, and the interaction with non-ideal measurement conditions such as small-area or non-uniform illumination of the solar cell. We use a tandem addon of the 3D simulation software Quokka3 for our full-cell 3D tandem simulations which treats the perovskite top cell skin, and optionally also the Si bottom cell, with an “equivalent-circuit” model instead of solving the drift-diffusion model. We present simulations and experiments to quantify the impact of inhomogeneous cell properties such as low localized shunt resistances or non-uniformities of the cell absorber, in interaction with the illumination and biasing conditions during the EQE measurement. It is specifically interesting to gain insight into lateral effects by simulation, as the experimental investigation of such detailed effects in often metastable PSC/Si tandem cells is highly challenging.