cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Metabolically Optimal Gait Transitions in Cross-Country Skate Skiing
Creators: name: Killick, Anthony
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biophysics
subject: Engineering--Biomedical
subject: Biomechanics
subject: Gait
subject: Cross-Country Skiing
subject: Economy
subject: Skating

description: Animals change gait patterns to minimize metabolic cost. Horses walk at slow speeds, trot at intermediate speeds, and gallop at high speeds. Likewise, cross-country skiers use the 2-skate technique at slow speeds, the 1-skate technique at intermediate speeds, but then, in contrast to everything known about animal locomotion, they revert to the previously rejected 2-skate technique at high speeds. I determined the oxygen cost for the 1- and 2-skate technique while measuring forces in the skis and poles for eight athletes skiing at speeds ranging from 6-35km/h. I found that the oxygen cost curves for the two techniques intersected twice, and that propulsion comes primarily from the poles for the 1-skate and the skis for the 2-skate technique. Furthermore, the arm action becomes metabolically much more costly with increasing speeds of skiing than the leg action, thereby partly explaining the non-intuitive gait transitions in skiers.
Manipulating superconducting fluctuations by the Little-Parks-de Gennes effect in ultrasmall Al loops
Creators: name: Staley, Neal E.
name: Liu, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The destruction of superconducting phase coherence by quantum fluctuations and the control of these fluctuations have been a problem of long-standing interest, with recent impetus provided by its relevance to the pursuit of very high temperature superconductivity. Building on the work of Little and Parks, de Gennes predicted more than three decades ago that superconductivity could be destroyed near half-integer-flux quanta in ultrasmall loops with a side branch, resulting in a destructive regime. We report the experimental observation of this Little-Parks-de Gennes effect in Al loops prepared by advanced e-beam lithography. We show that the effect can be used to restore the lost phase coherence through side branches.
description: 4 pages
Worry or peace of mind: consumer decision-making under risk in loss domain
Creators: name: Jung, Minji
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: My dissertation, “Worry or Peace of Mind: Consumer Decision-Making under Risk in Loss Domain,” studies how individuals perceive risky situations, and thereafter how they make choices. The decisions are not decided by a single trait but vary as a function of which the decision domain (gain domain versus loss domain), what the decision is about, who is a subject facing a risky event, the situational difference (for example, the level of risk probability or risky event type, respectively, or their interaction), the extent of loss/damage, the decision is emotionally applied or not, etc. Understanding this mechanism behind decision-making under risk is particularly important how to prevent loss (enjoy peace of mind) and induce precautionary behavior in advance.Unlike economic models and marketing studies related to hedonic vs. utilitarian, people having low-probability risk with hedonic-event showed the strongest risk-averse attitude. In gain domain, hedonic-benefit seeks for risk-taking attitudes, however, in loss domain, people perceive risk as an emotion, they want to sustain their emotion (especially, positive emotion activated from hedonic-benefit), increase their attention to low-risk probability risky situation, and actively engage in precautionary behavior (risk-averse attitude). The test results also revealed that people rely on the sound from their heart (System 1) or the logical thinking from the head (System 2) at the moment of exposure to risk rather than their usual personality or propensity. Next, under small-loss condition, people follow relatively rational judgement (System 2) to avoid risk, whereas, under big-loss status, they listen relatively emotional judgement (System 1) to avoid risk. Finally, this study found out interesting results that people trigger negative emotion to avoid risk in the case of big-loss condition, where as they active positive emotions to avoid risk in the case of small-loss scenario. These findings will present effective risk communication methods.
INNOVATIVE WAYS TO DEVELOP EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND ITS PROSPECTS
Creators: name: Karimova, Shoiraxon
name: Musaeva, Leyla
name: Burdina, Zoya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article offers and recommendations on pedagogical methods, methods and innovative ways of developing education in a preschool educational organization. There are also scientific-theoretical analyses of the prospects for the development strategy of Education.
Visuomotor adaptation and observational practice
Creators: name: Ong, Nicole Tai Tee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: It has been suggested that observational practice engages neural mechanisms for movement planning and execution similar to those engaged in physical practice. In three experiments we investigated observational practice during adaptation to a novel visuomotor environment. Participants were tested in the normal visuomotor environment before and after observation, and in the novel environment after observation. In the latter, learning would be seen by immediate performance benefits from watching. In the former, negative after-effects in the normal environment would suggest an updating of internal models based on the visuomotor discordance, arguably a more robust index of learning. In Experiment 1, observers showed benefits in the novel environment, but no after-effects. Because after-effects are believed to be a result of perceived discrepancies between sensory input and predicted sensory consequences, we hypothesised that observational practice might not engage covert simulation involving motor processes to the same degree as initially implied. To more thoroughly test this idea, in Experiment 2 we encouraged more active observation (or simulation) through conditions requiring imagery and error estimation. Despite these manipulations, only actors showed after-effects. In Experiment 3, a group of observers was also passively moved during observation, to determine whether the absence of after-effects was more linked to afferent feedback instead. However, this condition still failed to yield after-effects. A second observer group actively imitated the movements of the actor during observation but this group’s performance was not different from that of passive observers. Because the primary difference between actors and active-observers was the lack of self-generated visual reafference, these results strongly suggest that to update internal models, experiencing visual reafference of one’s own movement is critical. We speculate that learning might have been realized in observers via a more cognitive-strategic route, as compared to actors, based on data across the three experiments showing that observers acquired more accurate explicit knowledge about the direction and size of the visuomotor perturbation, compared to actors. In conclusion, it appears that doing and seeing engage different processes which in the case of visuomotor adaptation, result in different types of learning and learning outcomes for observers and actors.
Lost in Transition? The Impact of Early Inclusion on the Transitional High School Experiences and Distal Academic Outcomes of ELLs
Creators: name: Miles, Joan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Education--Bilingual and Multicultural
subject: English Language Learners
subject: Transitional experiences
subject: Inclusion
subject: BICS and CALP
subject: Socio-cultural adaptation
subject: Identity

description: The transition to high school presents a variety of academic, socio-cultural, and personal challenges for English language learners (ELLs) that are exacerbated by students’ linguistic vulnerability. This mixed methods case study explores the retrospective insights of 23 ELLs who moved from inclusive grade 9 settings into mainstream high school courses and tracks their distal academic outcomes. Findings indicate that low literacy levels, limited academic vocabulary, and anxiety about meeting expectations are key challenges that contribute to a substantial decline in marks during the shift from grade 9 to grade 10, particularly in English and social studies. These concerns persist throughout high school and may be traced back to inadequate academic and linguistic preparation at the junior high level as a result of accelerated inclusion. Academic outcomes are also affected by students’ perceptions of belonging and the support that is available from teachers and peers.
X-ray Emission from an Asymmetric Blast Wave and a Massive White Dwarf in the Gamma-ray Emitting Nova V407 Cyg
Creators: name: Nelson, Thomas
name: Donato, Davide
name: Mukai, Koji
name: Sokoloski, Jeno
name: Chomiuk, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical nova events in symbiotic stars, although rare, offer a unique opportunity to probe the interaction between ejecta and a dense environment in stellar explosions. In this work, we use X-ray data obtained with Swift and Suzaku during the recent classical nova outburst in V407 Cyg to explore such an interaction. We find evidence of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium ionization plasmas at the time of peak X-ray brightness, indicating a strong asymmetry in the density of the emitting region. Comparing a simple model to the data, we find that the X-ray evolution is broadly consistent with nova ejecta driving a forward shock into the dense wind of the Mira companion. We detect a highly absorbed soft X-ray component in the spectrum during the first 50 days of the outburst that is consistent with supersoft emission from the nuclear burning white dwarf. The high temperature and short turn off time of this emission component, in addition to the observed breaks in the optical and UV lightcurves, indicate that the white dwarf in the binary is extremely massive. Finally, we explore the connections between the X-ray and GeV gamma-ray evolution, and propose that the gamma ray turn-off is due to the stalling of the forward shock as the ejecta reach the red giant surface.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 17 pages, 9 figures
АНАЛИЗ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ СРЕДИ РАБОТНИКОВ ГИПСОВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА
Creators: name: Хабибова, Назира
name: Норова, Мавжуда
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: В Республике Узбекистан наблюдается стремительное развитие промышленных предприятий, многие из которых сосредоточены в близлежащих к городам районах. Это, безусловно, приводит к загрязнению окружающей среды и рабочих мест вредными веществами, которые могут оказывать токсическое воздействие на организм человека. Поэтому очень важно изучить влияние фaктoрoв oкружaющeй среды на общее здоровье людей, а также на состояние здоровья полости рта и зубов, чтобы эффективно справляться с возможными последствиями.
Thermal Production of Axino Dark Matter
Creators: name: Choi, Kiwoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss certain features of the low energy effective interactions of axion supermultiplet, which are relevant for axino cosmology, and examine the implication to thermal production of axino in the early Universe.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, to appear at the proceeding of CosPA2011
A simple combinatorial proof of Shapiro's Catalan convolution
Creators: name: Nagy, Gábor V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Shapiro proved an elegant convolution formula involving Catalan numbers of even index. This paper gives a simple combinatorial proof of his formula. In addition, we show that it is equivalent with the alternating convolution formula of central binomial coefficients.
Quasi-Exactly Solvable Models Derived from the Quasi-Gaudin Algebra
Creators: name: Lee, Yuan-Harng
name: Links, Jon
name: Zhang, Yao-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasi-Gaudin algebra was introduced to construct integrable systems which are only quasi-exactly solvable. Using a suitable representation of the quasi-Gaudin algebra, we obtain a class of bosonic models which exhibit this curious property. These models have the notable feature that they do not preserve U(1) symmetry, which is typically associated to a non-conservation of particle number. An exact solution for the eigenvalues within the quasi-exactly solvable sector is obtained via the algebraic Bethe ansatz formalism.
description: 9 pages, no figures
The huddle: combining AI methods to improve handling a group of characters by a human game player
Creators: name: Davison, Timothy
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computer Science
subject: Multi-agent and multi-strategy learning
subject: Player/Opponent modelling in games
subject: Player satisfaction and experience in games

description: The huddle is a concept for extending computer games in which the player controls more than one character. It combines several AI methods to allow the player to create a cooperative strategy for his team of characters. It takes away the need for the player to frantically switch his control from character to character to carry out the strategy that he has in mind. The player enters the huddle from a saved game state where he provides the key ideas of a strategy in the form of situations that his characters can be in and actions for those situations (SAPs). Based upon these ideas, a learner fills in the missing details by adding additional SAPs to create a complete strategy that can be used in the real game. The learning component uses a simulation of the real game, with models of the non-player characters created from the observed behaviours of those characters, in order to evaluate candidate solutions. When a solution is found, the player is given the opportunity to take it to the real game and have the behaviour of his characters replaced by the combined strategy created by himself and the huddle. The huddle was evaluated with a fantasy-themed role playing game. It was shown that the huddle allowed the player to focus on developing a strategy without taking away the requirement for him to create the key ideas for that strategy.
Simulations of magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of Tb2Ti2O7 in paramagnetic phase
Creators: name: Klekovkina, V. V.
name: Zakirov, A. R.
name: Malkin, B. Z.
name: Kasatkina, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of terbium titanate pyrochlore in paramagnetic phase are simulated. The magnetic field and temperature dependences of magnetization and forced magnetostriction in Tb2Ti2O7 single crystals and polycrystalline samples are calculated in the framework of exchange charge model of crystal field theory and a mean field approximation. The set of electron-deformation coupling constants has been determined. Variations of elastic constants with temperature and applied magnetic field are discussed. Additional strong softening of the crystal lattice at liquid helium temperatures in the magnetic field directed along the rhombic symmetry axis is predicted.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Relationships between cyanolichen communities and nutrient cycling in sub-boreal spruce forests
Creators: name: Campbell, Jocelyn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Cyanolichens (lichens with cyanobacterial symbionts) form a distinct assemblage of epiphytes strongly associated with humid microclimatic conditions in inland British Columbia. Disparate abundance patterns in sub-boreal forests are examined in relation to the influence of overstorey tree species. A comparison of lichens on conifer saplings beneath five overstorey tree species revealed that saplings beneath Populus support a disproportionately abundant and species-rich community of cyanolichens. Cyanolichens also grew more rapidly and had lower rates of mortality beneath Populus than beneath conifer overstorey trees. That cyanolichens were observed beneath Populus in stands that were otherwise climatically unsuitable suggests that Populus facilitates cyanolichen communities by providing a factor that compensates for sub-optimal conditions. Chemical analyses of throughfall precipitation from beneath Populus, Picea, Abies, Pseudotsuga and Betula failed to explain the variation in lichen community structure. However, glucose-rich nectar, exuded from extrafloral nectaries on Populus leaves, may instead be supporting cyanolichen communities. The nectar accumulates during dry periods, is washed off during subsequent rain events, and may be intercepted and metabolized by cyanolichens on conifer saplings beneath mature Populus canopies. C-flux measurements and phospholipid fatty-acid analyses with experimental applications of ¹³C₆-labelled glucose revealed a strong physiological response to glucose and a rapid incorporation of exogenous-¹³C into cyanolichen fatty-acid tissues. Field evidence further supports this hypothesis with higher rates of cyanolichen establishment observed on Picea branches under treatment of 2% glucose solution compared to water. The exogenous C may enable cyanolichens to become established in regions that are otherwise too dry to support them by providing a source of C despite drought-induced inactivity of the cyanobacterial partner. The abundant communities of nitrogen-fixing cyanolichens in wet, mature forests and beneath Populus are important to ecosystem function. The contribution of cyanolichens to N-cycling is calculated at sites with varying lichen abundances from measured rates of lichen litter deposition, decomposition and nutrient release. Cyanolichen litter biomass represents up to 11.5% of the total N-input from aboveground litterfall and is estimated to release 2.1 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ of newly-fixed N that would otherwise be unavailable in these mature sub-boreal forests.
“A Case Study of Learners in a Collaborative Post-Secondary Program: Experiences of Lifelong Learning and Social Constructivism”
Creators: name: Hadley, Deborah Lynn
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Education--Adult and Continuing
subject: Education--Higher
subject: Higher Education
subject: Adult Education
subject: lifelong learning
subject: Social constructivism
subject: qualitative Research

description: Over the last two and a half decades, many post-secondary institutions have undertaken a shift from a teacher-centred approach to a learner-centred approach to learning. With this change came a new dominant theory in education called social constructivism. Students engaged in this type of learning structure would gain knowledge from interactions with instructors and peers, and they would experience a fundamental shift in strategies used to learn. In this study, learners’ worlds are revealed through exploration of lived experiences of lifelong learning and by examining the extent to which they reflect the dominant theory of our time: social constructivism. This qualitative study involves the convergence of two stories about learning and social constructivism. Through narrative, the first story involves an instructor finding her way through teaching and learning. It reveals her struggle trying to fit into perceived ways of teaching that never quite seemed effective, to her realizing a social constructivist path. The second, most important aspect of the story is the nine learners who have engaged in lifelong learning as adults and who shared experiences of communications classes in a collaborative post-secondary program between Lethbridge College and Athabasca University. This project seeks to reveal their worlds as learners, to hear their voices in an educational system that often makes decisions based on trends rather than learners’ needs. The narrative that follows speaks to the importance of listening to the participants in their own journeys of reflection and growth as they engage as lifelong learners. This is accomplished through individual and group interviews, along with document analysis from each educational institution.
EGAM Induced by Energetic-electrons and Nonlinear Interactions among EGAM, BAEs and Tearing Modes in a Toroidal Plasma
Creators: name: Chen, W.
name: Ding, X. T.
name: Yu, L. M.
name: Ji, X. Q.
name: Dong, J. Q.
name: Yang, Q. W.
name: Liu, Yi.
name: Yan, L. W.
name: Zhou, Y.
name: Li, W.
name: Song, X. M.
name: Chen, S. Y.
name: Cheng, J.
name: Shi, Z. B.
name: Duan, X. R.
name: team, HL-2A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, it is reported that the first experimental results are associated with the GAM induced by energetic electrons (eEGAM) in HL-2A Ohmic plasma. The energetic-electrons are generated by parallel electric fields during magnetic reconnection associated with tearing mode (TM). The eEGAM localizes in the core plasma, i.e. in the vicinity of q=2 surface, and is very different from one excited by the drift-wave turbulence in the edge plasma. The analysis indicated that the eEGAM is provided with the magnetic components, whose intensities depend on the poloidal angles, and its mode numbers are jm/nj=2/0. Further, there exist intense nonlinear interactions among eEGAM, BAEs and strong tearing modes (TMs). These new findings shed light on the underlying physics mechanism for the excitation of the low frequency (LF) Alfvénic and acoustic uctuations.
description: 5 pages,4 figures
Fermi's Sibyl: Mining the gamma-ray sky for dark matter subhaloes
Creators: name: Mirabal, N.
name: Frias-Martinez, V.
name: Hassan, T.
name: Frias-Martinez, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter annihilation signals coming from Galactic subhaloes may account for a small fraction of unassociated point sources detected in the Second Fermi-LAT catalogue (2FGL). To investigate this possibility, we present Sibyl, a Random Forest classifier that offers predictions on class memberships for unassociated Fermi-LAT sources at high Galactic latitudes using gamma-ray features extracted from the 2FGL. Sibyl generates a large ensemble of classification trees that are trained to vote on whether a particular object is an active galactic nucleus (AGN) or a pulsar. After training on a list of 908 identified/associated 2FGL sources, Sibyl reaches individual accuracy rates of up to 97.7% for AGNs and 96.5% for pulsars. Predictions for the 269 unassociated 2FGL sources at |b| > 10 degrees suggest that 216 are potential AGNs and 16 are potential pulsars (with majority votes greater than 70%). The remaining 37 objects are inconclusive, but none is an extreme outlier. These results could guide future quests for dark matter Galactic subhaloes.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Complete tables can be retrieved at http://www.gae.ucm.es/~mirabal/sibyl.html
Persistence of Topological Order and Formation of Quantum Well States in Topological Insulators Bi2(Se,Te)3 under Ambient Conditions
Creators: name: Chen, Chaoyu
name: He, Shaolong
name: Weng, Hongming
name: Zhang, Wentao
name: Zhao, Lin
name: Liu, Haiyun
name: Jia, Xiaowen
name: Mou, Daixiang
name: Liu, Shanyu
name: He, Junfeng
name: Peng, Yingying
name: Feng, Ya
name: Xie, Zhuojin
name: Liu, Guodong
name: Dong, Xiaoli
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Wang, Xiaoyang
name: Peng, Qinjun
name: Wang, Zhimin
name: Zhang, Shenjin
name: Yang, Feng
name: Chen, Chuangtian
name: Xu, Zuyan
name: Dai, Xi
name: Fang, Zhong
name: Zhou, X. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological insulators represent a unique state of matter where the bulk is insulating with an energy gap while the surface is metallic with a Dirac cone protected by the time reversal symmetry. These characteristics provide a venue to explore novel quantum phenomena in fundamental physics and show potential applications in spintronics and quantum computing. One critical issue directly related with the applications as well as the fundamental studies is how the topological surface state will behave under ambient conditions (1 atmosphere air and room temperature). In this paper, we report high resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements on the surface state of the prototypical topological insulators, Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Bi2(Se0.4Te2.6), upon exposing to ambient conditions. We find that the topological order persists even when the surface is exposed to air at room temperature. However, the surface state is strongly modified after such an exposure. Particularly, we have observed the formation of two-dimensional quantum well states near the surface of the topological insulators after the exposure which depends sensitively on the original composition, x, in Bi2(Se3-xTex). These rich information are crucial in utilizing the surface state and in probing its physical properties under ambient conditions.
description: 15 Pages, 4 Figures
High-resolution spatial mapping of the temperature distribution of a Joule self-heated graphene nanoribbon
Creators: name: Yu, Young-Jun
name: Han, Melinda Y.
name: Berciaud, Stephane
name: Georgescu, Alexandru B.
name: Heinz, Tony F.
name: Brus, Louis E.
name: Kim, Kwang S.
name: Kim, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the temperature distributions of Joule self-heated graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with a spatial resolution finer than 100 nm by scanning thermal microscopy (SThM). The SThM probe is calibrated using the Raman G mode Stokes/anti-Stokes intensity ratio as a function of electric power applied to the GNR devices. From a spatial map of the temperature distribution, heat dissipation and transport pathways are investigated. By combining SThM and scanning gate microscopy data from a defected GNR, we observe hot spot formation at well-defined, localized sites.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted on App. Phys. Lett
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title: Functional role of the sigma 1 receptor in the genetic model of huntington's disease
Creators: name: ÐÑÐ°ÑÐºÐ¾Ð²ÑÐºÐ°Ñ, ÐÐ¸Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2020
Subjects: ÐÐ°Ð»ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹
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sigma 1 receptor
store-operated calcium entry
Huntington's disease
dendritic spines
striatum

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description: Recent studies indicate impaired calcium regulation of striatal neurons in Huntington's disease, due to excessive activation of the neuronal store-controlled calcium entry in this cell type, which leads to the elimination of synaptic connections between neurons of the cortex and striatum. In the present work, it has been demonstrated that activation of the sigma 1 receptor by a selective agonist decreases the activity of store-controlled calcium entry in striatal neurons, which in turn prevents dendritic spine loss in a cellular model of Huntington's disease. Thus, the sigma 1 receptor can be considered as a therapeutic target for the treatment of Huntington's disease.
Complete Temporal Characterization of Single Photons
Creators: name: Prasad, Adarsh Shankar
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics--Atomic
subject: Optics
subject: Quantum Optics
subject: Quantum tomography
subject: Temporal mode
subject: Polychromatic optical heterodyne tomography

description: Precise information about the temporal mode of optical states is crucial for optimizing their interaction efficiency between themselves and/or with matter in various quantum communication devices. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a method of determining both the real and imaginary components of a single photon's temporal density matrix by measuring the autocorrelation function of the photocurrent from a balanced homodyne detector at multiple local oscillator frequencies. We lay the theoretical foundation for our work and describe the experimental methods involved in detail. We show the results of testing our method on single photons heralded from bi-photons generated via four-wave mixing in an atomic vapor. We develop an appropriate theoretical model for our experimental settings and describe the involved calculations explicitly. The obtained experimental results show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions for the various settings involved.
Ground Deformation Monitoring by Radar Interferometry and Subsurface Modeling of Oil Sands
Creators: name: Baek, Jin
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Remote Sensing
subject: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
subject: Radar Interferometry
subject: Earth Observation
subject: Surface Deformation Monitoring
subject: Subsurface Modeling

description: The monitoring of surface displacements at Canadian oil sands sites, where carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) methods have been utilized, is conducted by applying radar interferometry. It is determined from differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) results that surface elevation at the CO2-EOR site remains unchanged from January 2002 to September 2004, whereas noticeable surface deformation occurs between July 2007 and March 2011 at the CSS site. Additional investigation into surface displacements at the CSS site using the small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithm is performed to retrieve time-series maps of the cumulative surface deformation, which accounts for temporal evolutions of the changes in surface elevation. The temporal analysis confirms that the ground surface at the CSS site experiences non-linear time-varying deformations that either return to its initial level or stay unrecovered. The surface subsidence and heave during 3.7 years, reaching up to -33 cm and +72 cm, are observed from the SBAS-derived cumulative surface deformation maps. Subsurface modeling using cumulative surface displacements is performed to infer fractional volumetric changes at the reservoir level for the CSS site. By applying the geomechanical inversion with the Tikhonov regularization technique using reservoir-related parameters and InSAR-derived surface displacements, the fractional volumetric changes in the subsurface are estimated over time. The fractional volumetric changes at the reservoir level range from -1.8 % to +3.9 % for the 3.7 year period. InSAR-driven surface displacements are interpreted with information on CSS operations. The surface deformations coincide with the steam injection and show a time lag of 0 to 6 months between the peak steaming rate and maximum surface heave. The linear regression result indicates that the linear relationship between the fluid volume changes, which are caused by the steam injection and bitumen/water production, and the surface/subsurface deformations is positive with the square of correlation coefficients (R2) greater than 0.5 for all cases. Overall, it is concluded from this study that the surface deformation monitored by radar interferometry conforms well to oil recovery activities at the CSS site.
Microbial communities and enzyme activities related to C and N cycling in fertilized and unfertilized forests
Creators: name: Shen, Juecui
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The study was conducted at the fertilization demonstration plots of the Salal Cedar Hemlock Integrated Research Program. PH, moisture, N availability (NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺), microbial biomass C,N and P, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), and enzyme activities were measured in the forest floor and mineral soil of western red cedar stands and western hemlock stands ten years following fertilization with N or P, or both. Results showed that forest floor had the largest effect on microbial and soil chemical variables, followed by forest type, and fertilization. N fertilization significantly increased overall bacterial PLFA abundance and reduced fungal PLFA abundance, while P fertilization significantly reduced AM fungal abundance in the organic layer of the hemlock stands. In addition, the stimulatory effect of N fertilization and inhibitory effect of P fertilization on phosphatase activity was still apparent 10 years after fertilization. Moreover, the effect of fertilization on microbial communities was more pronounced in the forest floor than at depth in the soil. Correlations between microbial community structure and function were weak. After 10 years, fertilization had not inhibited enzyme activities related to lignin decomposition, but had a significant effect on microbial community composition. Future effort should be directed to long-term and in situ research to understand microbial processes at a fundamental level, as well as linking this research with external factors, such as C costs related to fertilization treatment and shorted rotation length, to understand how microbial processes contribute to the bigger picture of C cycle related with forestry.
Allan R. Sandage, 18 June 1926 - 13 November 2010
Creators: name: Lynden-Bell, Donald
name: Schweizer, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Allan Sandage was an observational astronomer who was happiest at a telescope. On Hubble's sudden death Allan Sandage inherited the programmes using the world's largest optical telescope at Palomar to determine the distances and number counts of galaxies. Over many years he greatly revised the distance scale and, on re-working Hubble's analysis, discovered the error that had led Hubble to doubt the interpretation of the galaxies' redshifts as an expansion of the universe. Sandage showed that there was a consistent age of Creation for the stars, the elements, and the Cosmos. Through work with Baade and Schwarzschild he discovered the key to the interpretation of the colour-magnitude diagrams of star clusters in terms of stellar evolution. With others he founded Galactic Archaeology, interpreting the motions and elemental abundances of the oldest stars in terms of a model for the Galaxy's formation. He published several fine atlasses and catalogues of galaxies and a definitive history of the Mount Wilson Observatory.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, LateX format. Accepted for publication in Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
Discovery of the longest-period rapidly oscillating Ap star HD177765
Creators: name: Alentiev, D.
name: Kochukhov, O.
name: Ryabchikova, T.
name: Cunha, M.
name: Tsymbal, V.
name: Weiss, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of a long-period, rapidly oscillating Ap star, HD177765. Using high-resolution time-series observations obtained with UVES at the ESO VLT telescope, we found radial velocity variations with amplitudes 7-150 m/s and a period of 23.6 min, exceeding that of any previously known roAp star. The largest pulsation amplitudes are observed for Eu III, Ce III and for the narrow core of Halpha. We derived the atmospheric parameters and chemical composition of HD177765, showing this star to be similar to other long-period roAp stars. Comparison with theoretical pulsational models indicates an advanced evolutionary state for HD177765. Abundance analyses of this and other roAp stars suggest a systematic variation with age of the rare-earth line anomalies seen in cool Ap stars.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Foreign Exchange Data Crawling and Analysis for Knowledge Discovery Leading to Informative Decision Making
Creators: name: Addam, Omar
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Economics--Finance
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computer Science
subject: Computer science, FinanceStatistics

description: Foreign exchange refers to the process of converting/changing money from one currency to another, e.g., from Euro to US dollars. This kind of exchange is valuable and attractive because over time the values of various currencies may change leading to overall gain or loss. The foreign exchange market is growing rapidly and the development in technology has influenced all aspects of our daily life, including trading of foreign currencies. Thus, there has been a major shift to electronic trading which has brought together the need for sophisticated techniques capable of monitoring the market in real time. To contribute to this domain, the research described in this thesis includes the development of a framework that will enable: (1) the acquisition of data from a group of currency trading entities in real time, (2) the ability to rapidly and effectively analyze the data, (3) the ability to stream and visualize historical (previous) and current currency prices in close to real time, and (4) benchmarking every monitored broker to decide whether he/she is a trustable broker. The reported test results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the developed framework. The additional value of the developed framework is attributed to its utilization by a domain expert who has guided the whole development process.
Secondary School Students’ Meaning and Learning of Circle Geometry
Creators: name: Oladosu, Lydia Oyewumi
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Education--Curriculum and Instruction
subject: Education--Mathematics
subject: Education--Secondary
subject: Laerning geometry
subject: Circle geometry
subject: Formal instruction
subject: Teaching circle geometry
subject: Circle geometry concepts
subject: Meaning construction

description: The purpose of this study is to understand and gain insight into the types of meanings secondary school students hold in learning circle geometry, the role these meanings play in students’ learning of circle geometry concepts, the role of formal instruction in shaping and reshaping these meanings, and the implications for teaching geometry. Meanings, framed in a constructivist perspective, are interpreted as the students’ ways of making sense of the concepts learned and the formal instruction is interpreted as the instruction that students experience in their regular classrooms on topics of circle geometry based on the curriculum and teaching approaches used by the teacher. A qualitative case study approach is employed, with data sources consisting of pre- and post-intervention interviews to capture students’ meanings, a contextual circle geometry task to capture meanings through problem solving, and classroom observations of the sessions on the circle geometry unit to capture the nature of the instruction and students’ participation in it. The participants are 20 students from a single Grade 9 mathematics classroom. Data analysis involves a thematic approach based on coding the data to identify students’ meanings and the impact of the instruction on them. Findings indicate that the students held several pre-instruction meanings that were influenced mainly by their real-world experiences and prior learning of school geometry. Many of these meanings did not reflect the mathematical meanings of the concepts or support problem solving involving contextual circle geometry problems. While the formal instruction resulted in positive changes in these meanings, for the most part the post-instruction meanings were focused on definitions of the concepts and applications to contextual circle geometry problems in an instrumental way. The findings suggest that students’ pre-instruction meanings provide a basis for their learning of new concepts and could impact this learning both positively and negatively, so it is important for teachers to consider and unpack the students’ initial meanings when introducing new concepts. The study contributes to our understanding of these meanings and how they should be dealt with in teaching and learning of geometry and mathematics teacher education, with implications for further research.
Search for neutrino emission from gamma-ray sources with the Antares Telescope
Creators: name: Bigongiari, Ciro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ANTARES is the first undersea neutrino detector ever built and presently the neutrino telescope with the largest effective area operating in the Northern Hemisphere. A three- dimensional array of photomultiplier tubes detects the Cherenkov light induced by the muons produced in the interaction of high energy neutrinos with the matter surrounding the detector. The detection of astronomical neutrino sources is one of the main goals of ANTARES. The search for point-like neutrino sources with the ANTARES telescope is described and the preliminary results obtained with data collected from 2007 to 2010 are shown. No cosmic neutrino source has been observed and neutrino flux upper limits have been calculated for the most promising source candidates.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Presented at HEPROIII Conference, Barcelona, June 27 - July 1, 2011
The FAIR Data Principles - What, why, how?
Creators: name: Wilbrandt, Jeanne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Research Data Management
RDM
FAIR Data Principles
Physical Samples

description: Context:
 This talk was held on June 28th 2023 online as part of the Research Data Series of the Leibniz Institute for Maritime History.
 Description:
 This presentation covers the basics of research data management (RDM) as a small repetition. After this introduction, emphasis is put on the importance and relevance of making data as FAIR as possible. The FAIR principles are laid out and explained. To help researchers working with physical samples understand what the FAIR principles mean in their context, two examples are given. Additionally, a selection of links to support the adoption of the FAIR principles into the working routines is provided.
 Learning Goals: Know the FAIR principles for research data Starting point: How to make data FAIR Finding additional resources
 Duration:
 30 min
 Target Audience:
 Researchers (working with physical samples) Notes: Parts of the slides stem from (with or without adaptations) my RDM Intro Series (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7573694).
Magnetic Reconnection resulting from Flux Emergence: Implications for Jet Formation in the lower solar atmosphere?
Creators: name: Ding, J. Y.
name: Madjarska, M. S.
name: Doyle, J. G.
name: Lu, Q. M.
name: Vanninathan, K.
name: Huang, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim at investigating the formation of jet-like features in the lower solar atmosphere, e.g. chromosphere and transition region, as a result of magnetic reconnection. Magnetic reconnection as occurring at chromospheric and transition regions densities and triggered by magnetic flux emergence is studied using a 2.5D MHD code. The initial atmosphere is static and isothermal, with a temperature of 20,000 K. The initial magnetic field is uniform and vertical. Two physical environments with different magnetic field strength (25 G and 50 G) are presented. In each case, two sub-cases are discussed, where the environments have different initial mass density. In the case where we have a weaker magnetic field (25 G) and higher plasma density ($N_e=2\times 10^{11}$ cm$^{-3}$), valid for the typical quiet Sun chromosphere, a plasma jet would be observed with a temperature of 2--3 $\times 10^4$ K and a velocity as high as 40 km/s. The opposite case of a medium with a lower electron density ($N_e=2\times 10^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$), i.e. more typical for the transition region, and a stronger magnetic field of 50 G, up-flows with line-of-sight velocities as high as 90 km/s and temperatures of 6 $\times$ 10$^5$ K, i.e. upper transition region -- low coronal temperatures, are produced. Only in the latter case, the low corona Fe IX 171 Å shows a response in the jet which is comparable to the O V increase. The results show that magnetic reconnection can be an efficient mechanism to drive plasma outflows in the chromosphere and transition region. The model can reproduce characteristics, such as temperature and velocity for a range of jet features like a fibril, a spicule, an hot X-ray jet or a transition region jet by changing either the magnetic field strength or the electron density, i.e. where in the atmosphere the reconnection occurs.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables