cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear realisations of Lie superalgebras
Creators: name: Palmkvist, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For any decomposition of a Lie superalgebra $\mathcal G$ into a direct sum $\mathcal G=\mathcal H\oplus\mathcal E$ of a subalgebra $\mathcal H$ and a subspace $\mathcal E$, without any further resctrictions on $\mathcal H$ and $\mathcal E$, we construct a nonlinear realisation of $\mathcal G$ on $\mathcal E$. The result generalises a theorem by Kantor from Lie algebras to Lie superalgebras. When $\mathcal G$ is a differential graded Lie algebra, we show that it gives a construction of an associated $L_\infty$-algebra.
description: v2: 26 pages, several minor changes. v3: Version accepted for publication in Communications in Algebra
What Makes for a Good Doctor? Analyzing the Physician-Patient Relationship in Grey’s Anatomy and Scrubs
Creators: name: Enayet, Sumiyah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: This thesis will also explore the nature of what evokes good doctoring in the symbolic environment of two popular and influential medical television shows.  It will look at Greys Anatomy and Scrubs, both of which take place in teaching hospitals. This setting makes explicit the act of pedagogy, for many of the plots revolve around the relationship of interns, physicians in training, to their preceptors or clinical mentors. However, this thesis argues that many of the “lessons” about what constitutes good doctoring occurs less implicitly; the serial plotlines encrypt instances of understated pedagogy directed not just at characters but at the audience of these popular forms of entertainment.  Both Grey’s and Scrubs offer numerous opportunities to educate by portraying different medical scenarios and outcomes, as well as character traits that are implicitly affirmed or condemned; taken together, these depictions coalesce into a portrait of what constitutes good doctoring. In other words, this thesis will address the following central questions: what are the values, norms, and behaviors that these television shows affirm as essential for the ethical and effective practice of medicine? Do the shows differ in their portrayal of the ideal ethos of a physician, or does a composite figure of the perfect doctor arise from Grey’s and Scrubs taken together?
How do we choose our giants? Perceptions of replicability in psychological science
Creators: name: Alister, Manikya
name: Ballard, Timothy
name: Sewell, David
name: Vickers-Jones, Raine
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Experimental Analysis of Behavior
subject: Biological Psychology
subject: Quantitative Psychology
subject: Child Psychology
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Community Psychology
subject: Cognition and Perception
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Comparative Psychology

description: Judgements regarding replicability are vital to scientific progress. The metaphor of “standing on the shoulders of giants” encapsulates the notion that progress is made when new discoveries build on previous findings. Yet attempts to build on findings that are not replicable could mean a great deal of time, effort, and money wasted. In light of the recent “crisis of confidence” in psychological science, the ability to accurately judge the replicability of findings may be more important than ever. In this registered report, we examine the factors that influence psychological scientists’ confidence in the replicability of findings. We will recruit corresponding authors of papers published in psychology between 2014 and 2018 to complete a brief survey in which they are asked to consider 76 specific study attributes that might bear upon the replicability of a finding (e.g., preregistration, sample size, statistical methods). Participants will be asked to rate the extent to which information regarding each attribute increases or decreases their confidence in the finding replicating. We will examine the extent to which each research attribute influences average confidence in replicability, whether there are distinct underlying factors that influence these judgements, and whether there are individual differences in the issues that people consider. The conclusions will reveal how certain research practices affect other researchers’ perceptions of robustness. We hope our findings will help encourage the use of practices that promote replicability, and by extension, the cumulative progress of psychological science.
Shadow of black holes with a plasma environment in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Badía, Javier
name: Eiroa, Ernesto F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the shadow cast by rotating black holes surrounded by plasma in the context of the 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravity. The metric for these black holes results from applying the Newman-Janis algorithm to a spherically symmetric solution. We obtain the contour of the shadow for a plasma frequency model that allows a separable Hamilton-Jacobi equation. We introduce three observables in order to characterize the position, size, and shape of the shadow.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures; prepared for the Proceedings of the Sixteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting - MG16
A comparative study of scoring systems by simulations
Creators: name: Csató, László
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 62F07, 68U20, 91B14}

description: Scoring rules aggregate individual rankings by assigning some points to each position in each ranking such that the total sum of points provides the overall ranking of the alternatives. They are widely used in sports competitions consisting of multiple contests. We study the tradeoff between two risks in this setting: (1) the threat of early clinch when the title has been clinched before the last contest(s) of the competition take place; (2) the danger of winning the competition without finishing first in any contest. In particular, four historical points scoring systems of the Formula One World Championship are compared with the family of geometric scoring rules, recently proposed by an axiomatic approach. The schemes used in practice are found to be competitive with respect to these goals, and the current rule seems to be a reasonable compromise close to the Pareto frontier. Our results shed more light on the evolution of the Formula One points scoring systems and contribute to the issue of choosing the set of point values.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables
A phylogenetic approach to understanding the evolution of the rattlesnake rattle
Creators: name: Allf, Bradley
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Thus we are left with two hypotheses about the evolutionary origin of the
rattlesnake rattle—the “tail-vibration as signal precursor hypothesis” and the “caudal
luring as signal precursor hypothesis.” The purpose of this study is to use distributions of  tail behaviors across modern species of New World pit vipers to better understand the tail
behaviors that ancestral rattlesnakes might have had. This will inform the signal precursor
debate and will more generally lead to a better understanding of rattle evolution. Such a
phylogenetic approach to understanding rattlesnake evolution has not yet been published
in the literature. The first step in this project was to map observations of caudal luring and
tail-vibration in different New World pit viper species across the entire phylogeny. If one of
these behaviors were clustered in close rattlesnake relatives while the other was
concentrated in more distant relatives, it could suggest something about the likely
behaviors displayed by ancestral rattlesnakes. If ancestral rattlesnakes did not display one
of the tail behaviors, then it would of course be exceedingly unlikely that the rattlesnake
rattle evolved to enhance that signal.
The second step in this project was more closely analyzing the specifics of one of the
behaviors and how it changes across the New World pit viper phylogeny. Tail-vibrating was
examined because there is wider support in the literature for that behavior being the signal
precursor. Different New World pit viper species served as proxies for the evolutionary
history of the rattlesnake, depending on how closely related each species is to rattlesnakes.
In this way, if the behavior changed in any specific way in closer rattlesnake relatives, it
could inform how that behavior changed along the ancestral rattlesnake lineage.
Shadow of a charged black hole surrounded by an anisotropic matter field
Creators: name: Badía, Javier
name: Eiroa, Ernesto F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A certain type of matter with anisotropic pressures can add to the Reissner-Nordström metric a term proportional to a power of the radial coordinate. Using the standard method of separating variables for the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, we study the shadow of the corresponding rotating solution, obtained through the Newman-Janis algorithm. We define and calculate three observables in order to characterize the position, size and shape of the shadow.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures; prepared for the Proceedings of the Sixteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting - MG16
Symmetric Decompositions and the Strong Sperner Property for Noncrossing Partition Lattices
Creators: name: Mühle, Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06A07 (Primary), 20F55 (Secondary)

description: We prove that the noncrossing partition lattices associated with the complex reflection groups $G(d,d,n)$ for $d,n\geq 2$ admit symmetric decompositions into Boolean subposets. As a result, these lattices have the strong Sperner property and their rank-generating polynomials are symmetric, unimodal, and $γ$-nonnegative. We use computer computations to complete the proof that every noncrossing partition lattice associated with a well-generated complex reflection group is strongly Sperner, thus answering affirmatively a question raised by D. Armstrong.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Final version. The results of the initial version were extended to symmetric Boolean decompositions of noncrossing partition lattices
Generalized fusion frame in tensor product of Hilbert spaces
Creators: name: Ghosh, Prasenjit
name: Samanta, Tapas Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C15, 46C07, 46M05, 47A80

description: Generalized fusion frame and some of their properties in tensor product of Hilbert spaces are described. Also, the canonical dual g-fusion frame in tensor product of Hilbert spaces is considered. Finally, the frame operator for a pair of g-fusion Bessel sequences in tensor product of Hilbert spaces is presented.
description: 15 pages
Implicit gender bias in linguistic descriptions for expected events: The cases of the 2016 US and 2017 UK elections
Creators: name: von der Malsburg, Titus
name: Poppels, Till
name: Levy, Roger
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: Materials, data, and analysis code for article: von der Malsburg, T., Poppels, T., & Levy, R. P. (2019). Implicit gender bias in linguistic descriptions for expected events: The cases of the 2016 US and 2017 UK elections. Psychological Science, in press. Abstract: Gender stereotypes influence subjective beliefs about the world and this is reflected in our use of language. But do gender biases in language transparently reflect subjective beliefs? Or is the process translating thought to language itself biased? During the 2016 US (N=24,863) and 2017 UK (N=2,609) electoral campaigns, we compared participants’ beliefs about the gender of the next head of government with their use and interpretation of pronouns referring to the next head of government. In the US, even when the female candidate was expected to win, ’she’ references were rarely produced and induced substantial comprehension disruption. In the UK, where the incumbent female candidate was heavily favored, ’she’ was preferred in production but yielded no comprehension advantage. These and other findings suggest that the language system itself is as a source of implicit biases next to previously known biases such as those measured by the implicit association test.
Cerro Cumbray: A Chimú Frontier Outpost
Creators: name: Ballance, Matthew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Cerro Cumbray is a Chimú hilltop settlement located near the modern town of Simbal, Peru. During the 2018 field season, the authors used aerial photography via drone to create a site map and  conducted a limited pedestrian survey in order to better understand site chronology and context. While Cerro Cumbray lacks indications of intensive fortification; the viewshed afforded by its location site, its strategic position relative to the confluence of two rivers, and its natural fortifications in the form of cliffs imply a largely defensive motivation to the site’s occupation. The mapping and survey data is used to identify habitation zones and activities within the site. At a larger scale, GIS software allows for the analysis of the role of the site within the Chimú defensive network of the Moche Valley.
Extended nonlocal games and monogamy-of-entanglement games
Creators: name: Johnston, Nathaniel
name: Mittal, Rajat
name: Russo, Vincent
name: Watrous, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a generalization of nonlocal games---which we call extended nonlocal games---in which the players, Alice and Bob, initially share a tripartite quantum state with the referee. In such games, the winning conditions for Alice and Bob may depend on outcomes of measurements made by the referee, on its part of the shared quantum state, in addition to Alice and Bob's answers to randomly selected questions. Our study of this class of games was inspired by the monogamy-of-entanglement games introduced by Tomamichel, Fehr, Kaniewski, and Wehner, which they also generalize. We prove that a natural extension of the Navascues--Pironio--Acin hierarchy of semidefinite programs converges to the optimal commuting operator value of extended nonlocal games, and we prove two extensions of results of Tomamichel et al. concerning monogamy-of-entanglement games.
description: 19 pages
On the breakdown of space-time in general relativity
Creators: name: Chishtie, Farrukh A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the canonical quantization of $d>2$ dimensional general relativity (GR) via the Dirac constraint formalism (also termed as `constraint quantization'), we propose the loss of covariance as a fundamental property of the theory. This breakdown occurs for the first-order Einstein Hilbert action, whereby loss of diffeomorphism invariance, besides first class constraints, second class constriants also exist leading to non-standard ghost fields which render the path integral non-covariant. We also attempt, for the first time, the canonical quantization via calculation of the path integral for the equivalent Hamiltonian formulation of GR for which only first class constraints exist. However, loss of covariance still occurs in this action due to loss of diffeomorphism invariance and structures arising from non-covariant constraints in the path integral. In contrast, we find that covariance as a symmetry is restored and quantization with perturbative calculations is possible in the weak limit of the gravitational field of these actions. Hence, we firstly establish, for the first time, that the breakdown in space-time is a property of GR itself as its limitation, indicating it to be an Effective Field Theory (EFT). We further propose that the breakdown of space-time occurs as a non-perturbative feature of GR in the strong field limit of the theory. Besides GR, we also note that covariance is preserved when constraint quantization is conducted for non-Abelian gauge theories, such as the Yang-Mills theory. These findings are novel from a canonical gravity formalism and EFT approach, and are consistent with GR singularity theorems, yet are general and extend them, as the singularity theorems indicate breakdown at a strong field limit of GR in black holes.
description: 9 pages, LaTeX, accepted at Canadian Journal of Physics
Scalable algorithm simplification using quantum AND logic
Creators: name: Chu, Ji
name: He, Xiaoyu
name: Zhou, Yuxuan
name: Yuan, Jiahao
name: Zhang, Libo
name: Guo, Qihao
name: Hai, Yongju
name: Han, Zhikun
name: Hu, Chang-Kang
name: Huang, Wenhui
name: Jia, Hao
name: Jiao, Dawei
name: Liu, Yang
name: Ni, Zhongchu
name: Pan, Xianchuang
name: Qiu, Jiawei
name: Wei, Weiwei
name: Yang, Zusheng
name: Zhang, Jiajian
name: Zhang, Zhida
name: Zou, Wanjing
name: Chen, Yuanzhen
name: Deng, Xiaowei
name: Deng, Xiuhao
name: Hu, Ling
name: Li, Jian
name: Tan, Dian
name: Xu, Yuan
name: Yan, Tongxing
name: Sun, Xiaoming
name: Yan, Fei
name: Yu, Dapeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Implementing quantum algorithms on realistic hardware requires translating high-level global operations into sequences of native elementary gates, a process known as quantum compiling. Physical limitations, such as constraints in connectivity and gate alphabets, often result in unacceptable implementation costs. To enable successful near-term applications, it is crucial to optimize compilation by exploiting the potential capabilities of existing hardware. Here, we implement a resource-efficient construction for a quantum version of AND logic that can reduce the cost, enabling the execution of key quantum circuits. On a high-scalability superconducting quantum processor, we demonstrate low-depth synthesis of high-fidelity generalized Toffoli gates with up to 8 qubits and Grover's search algorithm in a search space of up to 64 entries; both are the largest such implementations in scale to date. Our experimental demonstration illustrates a scalable implementation of simplifying quantum algorithms, paving the way for larger, more meaningful quantum applications on noisy devices.
Trouble in Paradise: Food Insecurity in the Galapagos Islands
Creators: name: Pera, Megan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Most research to date in the Galapagos Islands has focused on the natural environment,
resulting in permanent residents often feeling ignored. There has been one study prior to this one
that has focused on the quality of life for human inhabitants of the Galapagos Islands (Page,
2013). This study of mother-child dyads took place on Isla Isabela. Evidence of the nutrition
transition was found, as well as a high prevalence of other health-related issues, such as poor
water quality, lack of access to medical care, and depression. The nutrition transition is
characterized by a shift from traditional diets high in fiber and complex carbohydrates to diets
high in fats, sweeteners and processed foods (Popkin, 2002). With this shift in dietary patterns
comes a shift in disease burden, with increasing rates of overweight and obesity leading to
noncommunicable diseases.
In this study, we aimed to characterize the current food environment on the island and
determine how the nutritional health of mothers and children are affected. Problems associated
with food access will hopefully shed light on barriers to food security on the island, and typical
intakes of mothers and children as well as general weight patterns will be described. We will
frame our findings in the context of the global nutrition transition.
Gapless vortex bound states in superconducting topological semimetals
Creators: name: Zhang, Yi
name: Qin, Shengshan
name: Jiang, Kun
name: Hu, Jiangping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that the vortex bound states in superconducting topological semimetals are gapless owing to topological massless excitations in their normal states. We demonstrate this universal result in a variety of semimetals including Dirac and Weyl semimetals, threefold degenerate spin-1 fermions, spin-3/2 Rarita-Schwinger-Weyl fermion semimetals and other exotic fermion semimetals. The formation of these gapless bound states are closely related to their Andreev specular reflection and propagating Andreev modes in $π$ phase superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) junctions. We further demonstrate that these gapless states are topologically protected and can be derived from a topological pumping process.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Correlating research octane numbers of gasoline surrogates with high temperature oxidation characteristics
Creators: name: Zhu, Ruijie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the rapid combustion nature of gasolines, most of the experimental measurements of research octane number (RON) could only yield macroscopic quantities such as ignition delay time and pressure variations, but fail to yield microscopic quantities such as the time evolution of number of species, which limits deep understanding of combustion mechanisms. In this work, molecular simulation was employed to reveal the correlation between the RON of gasoline surrogates and their combustion behaviors. Results show that the time of turning point obtained from the potential energy profile exhibits a strong linear correlation with RON, whereas the number of hydroxyl radicals per molecule at equilibrium has a clear negative correlation with RON, which makes both of them good features for predicting the antiknock ability of fuels.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Quadrature squeezed photons from a two-level system
Creators: name: Schulte, Carsten H. H.
name: Hansom, Jack
name: Jones, Alex E.
name: Matthiesen, Clemens
name: Gall, Claire Le
name: Atature, Mete
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonance fluorescence arises from the interaction of an optical field with a two-level system and has played a fundamental role in the development of quantum optics and its applications. Despite its conceptual simplicity it entails a wide range of intriguing phenomena, such as the Mollow-triplet emission spectrum and coherent photon emission. One fundamental aspect of resonance fluorescence, reduced quantum fluctuations in the single photon stream from an atom in free space, was predicted more than 30 years ago. However, the requirement to operate in the weak excitation regime, together with the combination of modest oscillator strength of atoms and low collection efficiencies, has continued to cast stringent experimental conditions for the observation of squeezing with atoms. Attempts to circumvent these issues had to sacrifice antibunching due to either stimulated forward scattering from atomic ensembles or multiphoton transitions inside optical cavities. Here, we use an artificial atom with a large optical dipole enabling 100-fold improvement of the photon detection rate over the natural atom counterpart and reach the necessary conditions for the observation of quadrature squeezing in single resonance-fluorescence photons. Implementing phase-dependent homodyne intensity-correlation detection, we demonstrate that the electric field quadrature variance of resonance fluorescence is 3\% below the fundamental limit set by vacuum fluctuations, while the photon statistics remain antibunched. The presence of squeezing and antibunching simultaneously is a fully nonclassical outcome of the wave-particle duality of photons.
description: Supplementary material for this work can be found in the publications section of our website http://www.amop.phy.cam.ac.uk/amop-ma
The Role of Western Technology Transfers as a Conflict Prevention Mechanism in the Arctic
Creators: name: Haig, Christian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: In this paper, I will examine the factors and mechanisms that are leading to
Russia’s remarkably cooperative behavior in the region. I will demonstrate that the
region has remained extraordinarily cooperative even through the Crimea Crisis, and I
argue that Russia has made an effort to maintain the Arctic as a ‘zone of cooperation’
where extraregional political dynamics have little effect. Then, I will attempt to show that
this effort is not out of commitment to international institution building but out of its own
national interests. Soviet-era sources of oil and gas in sub-Arctic Russia which have
fueled the Russian economy for decades will soon begin to decline, so Russia is being
forced to look North for a new source of essential energy resources. Russian firms do
not possess the necessary technical ability to extract these resources, so they are
reliant on Western energy firms to provide the necessary technology. Russia is
cooperating in the Arctic despite conflicts with NATO in other theaters as it is a crucial
Russian national interest to develop the High North.
Thermodynamic perturbations in the X-ray halo of 33 clusters of galaxies observed with Chandra ACIS
Creators: name: Hofmann, F.
name: Sanders, J. S.
name: Nandra, K.
name: Clerc, N.
name: Gaspari, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In high-resolution X-ray observations of the hot plasma in clusters of galaxies significant structures caused by AGN feedback, mergers, and turbulence can be detected. Many clusters have been observed by Chandra in great depth and at high resolution. Using archival data taken with the Chandra ACIS instrument the aim was to study thermodynamic perturbations of the X-ray emitting plasma and to apply this to better understand the thermodynamic and dynamic state of the intra cluster medium (ICM). We analysed deep observations for a sample of 33 clusters with more than 100 ks of Chandra exposure each at distances between redshift 0.025 and 0.45. The combined exposure of the sample is 8 Ms. Fitting emission models to different regions of the extended X-ray emission we searched for perturbations in density, temperature, pressure, and entropy of the hot plasma. For individual clusters we mapped the thermodynamic properties of the ICM and measured their spread in circular concentric annuli. Comparing the spread of different gas quantities to high-resolution 3D hydrodynamic simulations, we constrain the average Mach number regime of the sample to Mach1D ~ 0.16 +- 0.07. In addition we found a tight correlation between metallicity, temperature and redshift with an average metallicity of Z ~ 0.3 +- 0.1 Z(solar). This study provides detailed perturbation measurements for a large sample of clusters which can be used to study turbulence and make predictions for future X-ray observatories like eROSITA, Astro-H, and Athena.
description: 32 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables, submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Sliced Multi-Marginal Optimal Transport
Creators: name: Cohen, Samuel
name: Terenin, Alexander
name: Pitcan, Yannik
name: Amos, Brandon
name: Deisenroth, Marc Peter
name: Kumar, K S Sesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-marginal optimal transport enables one to compare multiple probability measures, which increasingly finds application in multi-task learning problems. One practical limitation of multi-marginal transport is computational scalability in the number of measures, samples and dimensionality. In this work, we propose a multi-marginal optimal transport paradigm based on random one-dimensional projections, whose (generalized) distance we term the sliced multi-marginal Wasserstein distance. To construct this distance, we introduce a characterization of the one-dimensional multi-marginal Kantorovich problem and use it to highlight a number of properties of the sliced multi-marginal Wasserstein distance. In particular, we show that (i) the sliced multi-marginal Wasserstein distance is a (generalized) metric that induces the same topology as the standard Wasserstein distance, (ii) it admits a dimension-free sample complexity, (iii) it is tightly connected with the problem of barycentric averaging under the sliced-Wasserstein metric. We conclude by illustrating the sliced multi-marginal Wasserstein on multi-task density estimation and multi-dynamics reinforcement learning problems.
Automatic computation of Feynman integrals containing linear propagators via auxiliary mass flow
Creators: name: Liu, Zhi-Feng
name: Ma, Yan-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We proposed a recipe to systematically calculate Feynman integrals containing linear propagators using the auxiliary mass flow method. The key of the recipe is to introduce a quadratic term for each linear propagator and then using differential equations to get rid of their effects. As an application, we calculated all master integrals of vacuum integrals containing a gauge link up to four loops, and we checked the results by nontrivial dimensional recurrence relations.
description: We found a typographical error in our previous code, and thus numerical results in Eq. (30) and the ancillary file are updated
The Halász-Székely Barycenter
Creators: name: Bochi, Jairo
name: Iommi, Godofredo
name: Ponce, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a notion of barycenter of a probability measure related to the symmetric mean of a collection of nonnegative real numbers. Our definition is inspired by the work of Halász and Székely, who in 1976 proved a law of large numbers for symmetric means. We study analytic properties of this Halász-Székely barycenter. We establish fundamental inequalities that relate the symmetric mean of a list of nonnegative real numbers with the barycenter of the measure uniformly supported on these points. As consequence, we go on to establish an ergodic theorem stating that the symmetric means of a sequence of dynamical observations converges to the Halász-Székely barycenter of the corresponding distribution.
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The Impact of Public Smoking Bans on Tobacco Consumption Behavior and Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Argentina
Creators: name: Catalano, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: This paper examines the effects of the implementation of public smoking bans on smoking
behavior and environmental tobacco smoke exposure in Argentina. Despite extensive economics
literature on the effects of various types of tobacco control legislation on smoking behavior
internationally, studies of the recently implemented bans in Argentina have yet to be conducted. I
focus on the difference between full and partial smoking bans, and I take advantage of the time
and province variation in ban implementation in order to determine the true effects of each type
of ban. I find that full bans reduce national smoking prevalence over time, especially among the
younger demographic groups, but have no significant effect on intensity of smoking among
smokers. Full bans also benefit nonsmokers, as they are associated with a significant reduction in
environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Partial bans do not have any significant impact on
smoking prevalence, but they are associated with an increase in smoking intensity among
individuals that smoke heavily. It is recommended that policymakers push for provinces to ratify
the National Tobacco Control Law of 2011 and impose full public smoking bans.
Coalescence of ZnO nanowires grown from monodispersed Au nanoparticles
Creators: name: Zhu, Liangchen
name: Phillips, Matthew R.
name: Ton-That, Cuong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New insights into controlling nanowire merging phenomena are demonstrated in growth of thin ZnO nanowires using monodispersed Au colloidal nanoparticles as catalyst. Both nanowire diameter and density were found to be strongly dependent on the density of Au nanoparticles. Structural analysis and spectral cathodoluminescence imaging of the c-plane nanowire cross-sections reveal that thin isolated nanowires growing from the Au nanoparticles begin to merge and coalesce with neighbouring nanowires to form larger nanowires when their separation reaches a threshold distance. Green luminescence, which is originated from the remnants of constituent nanowires before merging, is detected at the core of fused nanowires. The distribution of nanowire diameters and green emission were found to be strongly dependent on the density of the Au nanoparticles. The merging phenomenon is attributed to electrostatic interactions between nanowire c-facets during growth and well-described by a cantilever bending model.
Ultrafast element-resolved magneto-optics using a fiber-laser-driven extreme ultraviolet light source
Creators: name: Möller, Christina
name: Probst, Henrike
name: Otto, Johannes
name: Stroh, Karen
name: Mahn, Carsten
name: Steil, Sabine
name: Moshnyaga, Vasily
name: Jansen, G. S. Matthijs
name: Steil, Daniel
name: Mathias, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel setup to measure the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range at exceptionally high repetition rates based on a fiber laser amplifier system. This affords a very high and stable flux of extreme ultraviolet light, which we use to measure element-resolved demagnetization dynamics with unprecedented depth of information. Furthermore, the setup is equipped with a strong electromagnet and a cryostat, allowing measurements between 10 and 420 K using magnetic fields up to 0.86 T. The performance of our setup is demonstrated by a set of temperature- and time-dependent magnetization measurements showing distinct element-dependent behavior.
Contrastive Learning from Demonstrations
Creators: name: Correia, André
name: Alexandre, Luís A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a framework for learning visual representations from unlabeled video demonstrations captured from multiple viewpoints. We show that these representations are applicable for imitating several robotic tasks, including pick and place. We optimize a recently proposed self-supervised learning algorithm by applying contrastive learning to enhance task-relevant information while suppressing irrelevant information in the feature embeddings. We validate the proposed method on the publicly available Multi-View Pouring and a custom Pick and Place data sets and compare it with the TCN triplet baseline. We evaluate the learned representations using three metrics: viewpoint alignment, stage classification and reinforcement learning, and in all cases the results improve when compared to state-of-the-art approaches, with the added benefit of reduced number of training iterations.
Simple criteria for noise resistance of two qudit entanglement
Creators: name: Dutta, Arijit
name: Ryu, Junghee
name: Laskowski, Wieslaw
name: Zukowski, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Too much noise kills entanglement. This is the main problem in its production and transmission. We use a handy approach to indicate noise resistance of entanglement of a bi-partite system described by $d\times d$ Hilbert space. Our analysis uses a geometric approach based on the fact that if a scalar product of a vector $\vec{s}$ with a vector $\vec {e}$ is less than the square of the norm of $\vec{e}$, then $\vec{s}\neq\vec{e}$. We use such concepts for correlation tensors of separable and entangled states. As a general form correlation tensors for pairs of qudits, for $d>2$, is very difficult to obtain, because one does not have a Bloch sphere for pure one qudit states, we use a simplified approach. The criterion reads: if the largest Schmidt eigenvalue of a correlation tensor is smaller than the square of its norm, then the state is entangled. this criterion is applied in the case of various types of noise admixtures to the initial (pure) state. These include white noise, colored noise, local depolarizing noise and amplitude damping noise. A broad set of numerical and analytical results is presented. As the other simple criterion for entanglement is violation of Bell's inequalities, we also find critical noise parameters to violate specific family of Bell inequalities (CGLMP), for maximally entangled states. We give analytical forms of our results for $d$ approaching infinity.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, journal version, acknowledgments updated
A Practical Survey on Faster and Lighter Transformers
Creators: name: Fournier, Quentin
name: Caron, Gaétan Marceau
name: Aloise, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recurrent neural networks are effective models to process sequences. However, they are unable to learn long-term dependencies because of their inherent sequential nature. As a solution, Vaswani et al. introduced the Transformer, a model solely based on the attention mechanism that is able to relate any two positions of the input sequence, hence modelling arbitrary long dependencies. The Transformer has improved the state-of-the-art across numerous sequence modelling tasks. However, its effectiveness comes at the expense of a quadratic computational and memory complexity with respect to the sequence length, hindering its adoption. Fortunately, the deep learning community has always been interested in improving the models' efficiency, leading to a plethora of solutions such as parameter sharing, pruning, mixed-precision, and knowledge distillation. Recently, researchers have directly addressed the Transformer's limitation by designing lower-complexity alternatives such as the Longformer, Reformer, Linformer, and Performer. However, due to the wide range of solutions, it has become challenging for researchers and practitioners to determine which methods to apply in practice in order to meet the desired trade-off between capacity, computation, and memory. This survey addresses this issue by investigating popular approaches to make Transformers faster and lighter and by providing a comprehensive explanation of the methods' strengths, limitations, and underlying assumptions.
description: ACM Computing Surveys; 40 pages, 18 figures, 4 tables
A Correlation Between Lyα Spectral Line Profile and Rest-Frame UV Morphology
Creators: name: U, Vivian
name: Hemmati, Shoubaneh
name: Darvish, Behnam
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Nayyeri, Hooshang
name: Dickinson, Mark
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Spinrad, Hyron
name: Mallery, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the relationship between the spectral shape of the Lyα emission and the UV morphology of the host galaxy using a sample of 304 Lyα-emitting BV i-dropouts at 3 < z < 7 in the GOODS and COSMOS fields. Using our extensive reservoir of high-quality Keck DEIMOS spectra combined with HST WFC3 data, we measure the Lyα line asymmetries for individual galaxies and compare them to axial ratios measured from observed J- and H-band (restframe UV) images. We find that the Lyα skewness exhibits a large scatter at small elongation (a/b < 2), and this scatter decreases as axial ratio increases. Comparison of this trend to radiative transfer models and various results from literature suggests that these high-redshift Lyα emitters are not likely to be intrinsically round and symmetric disks, but they probably host galactic outflows traced by Lyα emitting clouds. The ionizing sources are centrally located, with the optical depth a good indicator of the absorption and scattering events on the escape path of Lyα photons from the source. Our results find no evidence for evolution in Lyα asymmetry or axial ratio with look-back time.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, an appendix. Accepted for publication in the ApJ
Monte Carlo study of Lefschetz thimble structure in one-dimensional Thirring model at finite density
Creators: name: Fujii, Hirotsugu
name: Kamata, Syo
name: Kikukawa, Yoshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the one-dimensional massive Thirring model formulated on the lattice with staggered fermions and an auxiliary compact vector (link) field, which is exactly solvable and shows a phase transition with increasing the chemical potential of fermion number: the crossover at a finite temperature and the first order transition at zero temperature. We complexify its path-integration on Lefschetz thimbles and examine its phase transition by hybrid Monte Carlo simulations on the single dominant thimble. We observe a discrepancy between the numerical and exact results in the crossover region for small inverse coupling $β$ and/or large lattice size $L$, while they are in good agreement at the lower and higher density regions. We also observe that the discrepancy persists in the continuum limit keeping the temperature finite and it becomes more significant toward the low-temperature limit. This numerical result is consistent with our analytical study of the model's thimble structure. And these results imply that the contributions of subdominant thimbles should be summed up in order to reproduce the first order transition in the low-temperature limit.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. The revised version of the manuscript. v4: Corrected a simple bug in implementing the HMC algorithm and replaced fig.4-10. Our main conclusions remain unchanged. Erratum published in JHEP
Nature of unconventional pairing in the kagome superconductors AV$_3$Sb$_5$
Creators: name: Wu, Xianxin
name: Schwemmer, Tilman
name: Müller, Tobias
name: Consiglio, Armando
name: Sangiovanni, Giorgio
name: Di Sante, Domenico
name: Iqbal, Yasir
name: Hanke, Werner
name: Schnyder, Andreas P.
name: Denner, M. Michael
name: Fischer, Mark H.
name: Neupert, Titus
name: Thomale, Ronny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of AV$_3$Sb$_5$ (A=K,Rb,Cs) has uncovered an intriguing arena for exotic Fermi surface instabilities in a kagome metal. Among them, superconductivity is found in the vicinity of multiple van Hove singularities, exhibiting indications of unconventional pairing. We show that the sublattice interference mechanism is central to understanding the formation of superconductivity in a kagome metal. Starting from an appropriately chosen minimal tight-binding model with multiple with multiple van Hove singularities close to the Fermi level for AV$_3$Sb$_5$, we provide a random phase approximation analysis of superconducting instabilities. Non-local Coulomb repulsion, the sublattice profile of the van Hove bands, and the bare interaction strength turn out to be the crucial parameters to determine the preferred pairing symmetry. Implications for potentially topological surface states are discussed, along with a proposal for additional measurements to pin down the nature of superconductivity in AV$_3$Sb$_5$.
description: 6 page, 4 figures