cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Allosteric activation of vinculin by talin.
Creators: name: Franz, Florian
name: Tapia-Rojo, Rafael
name: Winograd-Katz, Sabina
name: Boujemaa-Paterski, Rajaa
name: Li, Wenhong
name: Unger, Tamar
name: Albeck, Shira
name: Aponte-Santamaria, Camilo
name: Garcia-Manyes, Sergi
name: Medalia, Ohad
name: Geiger, Benjamin
name: Gräter, Frauke
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry & Proteomics
Imaging
Structural Biology & Biophysics
Cell Biology

description: The talin-vinculin axis is a key mechanosensing component of cellular focal adhesions. How talin and vinculin respond to forces and regulate one another remains unclear. By combining single-molecule magnetic tweezers experiments, Molecular Dynamics simulations, actin-bundling assays, and adhesion assembly experiments in live cells, we here describe a two-ways allosteric network within vinculin as a regulator of the talin-vinculin interaction. We directly observe a maturation process of vinculin upon talin binding, which reinforces the binding to talin at a rate of 0.03 s-1. This allosteric transition can compete with force-induced dissociation of vinculin from talin only at forces up to 10 pN. Mimicking the allosteric activation by mutation yields a vinculin molecule that bundles actin and localizes to focal adhesions in a force-independent manner. Hence, the allosteric switch confines talin-vinculin interactions and focal adhesion build-up to intermediate force levels. The 'allosteric vinculin mutant' is a valuable molecular tool to further dissect the mechanical and biochemical signalling circuits at focal adhesions and elsewhere.
Semi-automated keyword assignment to variables in datasets
Creators: name: Maunu, Anne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The Finnish Social Science Data Archive (FSD) has been exploring the possibility to assign keywords to variables and questions belonging to datasets. Keywords could be useful in improving the discoverability of variables and building question banks. All datasets are documented using DDI Codebook and indexed with keywords selected from controlled vocabularies on study level but doing this manually to the over 250 000 variables is not feasible. Therefore, automating a part of the process would be necessary.

 One possibility to tackle this task could be using Annif, a tool for automated subject indexing developed at the National Library of Finland. It implements several algorithms, both lexical, matching the words appearing in the document text to controlled vocabulary terms, and associative, relying on statistical or machine learning methods utilizing information from manually indexed documents. Fusion approaches that combine different kinds of algorithms can also be used to improve performance.

 This presentation will share the promising results of automated subject indexing of variables with Annif. Since variables have not yet been extensively indexed, study abstracts were also used to produce comparable results. How the DDI format could be used to improve the results will also be briefly discussed.
An Activity-Rotation Relationship and Kinematic Analysis of Nearby Mid-to-Late-type M Dwarfs
Creators: name: West, Andrew A.
name: Weisenburger, Kolby L.
name: Irwin, Jonathan
name: Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.
name: Charbonneau, David
name: Dittmann, Jason
name: Pineda, J. Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using spectroscopic observations and photometric light curves of 238 nearby M dwarfs from the MEarth exoplanet transit survey, we examine the relationships between magnetic activity (quantified by H-alpha emission), rotation period, and stellar age. Previous attempts to investigate the relationship between magnetic activity and rotation in these stars were hampered by the limited number of M dwarfs with measured rotation periods (and the fact that vsini measurements probe only rapid rotation). However, the photometric data from MEarth allows us to probe a wide range of rotation periods for hundreds of M dwarf stars (from shorter than than one to longer than 100 days). Over all M spectral types that we probe, we find that the presence of magnetic activity is tied to rotation, including for late-type, fully convective M dwarfs. We also find evidence that the fraction of late-type M dwarfs that are active may be higher at longer rotation periods compared to their early-type counterparts, with several active, late-type, slowly rotating stars present in our sample. Additionally, we find that all M dwarfs with rotation periods shorter than 26 days (early-type; M1-M4) and 86 days (late-type; M5-M8) are magnetically active. This potential mismatch suggests that the physical mechanisms that connect stellar rotation to chromospheric heating may be different in fully convective stars. A kinematic analysis suggests that the magnetically active, rapidly rotating stars are consistent with a kinematically young population, while slow-rotators are less active or inactive and appear to belong to an older, dynamically heated stellar population.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (full tables are available in online journal or by request)
THE PROPORTION OF CORE SPECIES IN A COMMUNITY VARIES WITH SPATIAL SCALE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY
Creators: name: Jenkins, Molly
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Ecologists define a community as the set of species successfully reproducing and using resources in a shared space. In lieu of a species list, the subset of temporally persistent core species may more appropriately fulfill this definition. Analyses carried out in communities that support low proportions of core species may violate assumptions about the definition of a community, and so poorly align with ecological predictions. We used bird time series data to calculate the proportion of core species across a gradient of scales, to investigate potential generalities in this pattern, and to use these generalities to address discrepancies on drivers of community assembly. We found that the proportion of core species in an assemblage increased in a positive curve with scale and decreased with high environmental heterogeneity (e.g. elevation, vegetation coverage). Communities with high heterogeneity and low proportions of core species were likely dispersal-driven, not resource-limited.
β-Cyclodextrins and Liposomes as encapsulating vectors of Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil: Evaluation of their antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in "Kefir Milk" and "Katiki Domokou" cheese
Creators: name: Gounadaki, A.S.
name: Bozinaki, D.
name: Mesimeri I-D.
name: Moschopoulou, G.
name: Kintzios, S.
name: Skandamis, P.N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Introduction: Encapsulation of oregano essential oil (OEO) protects it from oxidation and volatilization and is considered an alternative antimicrobial application. Purpose: To study the antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. of encapsulated OEO in two different inclusion complexes (β-CDs and liposomes), compared to free OEO in Kefir milk and Katiki Domokou cream cheese. Methods: The encapsulation of OEO in β-CDs was performed with the co-precipitation method in two different ratios of OEO:β-CDs (1:99 and 8:92). The thin-film hydration method was used for the incorporation of OEO into liposomes at a concentration of 0.88% v/v. The samples were inoculated with pathogens (6 log CFU/g) and incubated at 7⁰C for 17 days. Yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, pH and aw were also measured. Results: At the end of storage time in Kefir, free OEO caused about six-log reduction of L. monocytogenes, OEO encapsulated in 8:92_β-CDs and liposomes caused 5.1 and 3.4 log reduction, respectively. Ratio 1:99 could not be applied to kefir because changed its physicochemical characteristics. Salmonella spp. was much more sensitive as it was below detection limit after 1st day of incubation at all treatments. In Katiki cheese, when free, 8:92 β-CDs, 1:99 β-CDs and liposomes were applied, the population of L. monocytogenes reduced at 4.6 ± 0.9, 3.9 ± 0.2, 5.6 ± 0.3 and 5.3 ± 0.0 log CFU/g, respectively, after 17 days. When free and 8:92 β-CDs OEO were applied, Salmonella spp dropped below quantification limit by the end of storage time. Conversely, the population of Salmonella was 1.0 ± 0.8 and 1.3 ± 1.3 log CFU/g in the presence of 1:99_β-CDs and liposomes, respectively. Free and encapsulated OEO reduced lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in kefir while had no effect against the microbiota of katiki cheese. The addition of liposomes increased the pH of Kefir. Significance: Different inclusion complexes had different antimicrobial activity, which may also be affected by food matrix and microorganisms.
The effect of roll number on the statistics of turbulent Taylor-Couette flow
Creators: name: Ostilla-Mónico, Rodolfo
name: Lohse, Detlef
name: Verzicco, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of direct numerical simulations in large computational domains has been performed in order to probe the spatial feature robustness of the Taylor rolls in turbulent Taylor-Couette (TC) flow. The latter is the flow between two coaxial independently rotating cylinders of radius $r_i$ and $r_o$, respectively. Large axial aspect ratios $Γ= 7$-$8$ (with $Γ= L/(r_o-r_i)$, and $L$ the axial length of the domain) and a simulation with $Γ=14$ were used in order to allow the system to select the most unstable wavenumber and to possibly develop multiple states. The radius ratio was taken as $η=r_i/r_o=0.909$, the inner cylinder Reynolds number was fixed to $Re_i=3.4\cdot10^4$, and the outer cylinder was kept stationary, resulting in a frictional Reynolds number of $Re_τ\approx500$, except for the $Γ=14$ simulation where $Re_i=1.5\cdot10^4$ and $Re_τ\approx240$. The large-scale rolls were found to remain axially pinned for all simulations. Depending on the initial conditions, stable solutions with different number of rolls $n_r$ and roll wavelength $λ_z$ were found for $Γ=7$. The effect of $λ_z$ and $n_r$ on the statistics was quantified. The torque and mean flow statistics were found to be independent of both $λ_z$ and $n_r$, while the velocity fluctuations and energy spectra showed some box-size dependence. Finally, the axial velocity spectra was found to have a very sharp drop off for wavelengths larger than $λ_z$, while for the small wavelengths they collapse.
Social Distance and Preference for Visual and Verbal Mediums in Interpersonal Communication: A Conceptual Replication of Amit et al. (2013, Experiment 2)
Creators: name: Magnusson, Ebba
name: Ask, Karl
name: Luke, Timothy
name: Mac Giolla, Erik
name: Calderon, Sofia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: construal level theory
subject: psychology
subject: replication
subject: social distance

description: The present study aims to conduct a conceptual replication of Amit, Wakslak and Trope’s (2013, Experiment 2) study, which explored the effect of social (psychological) distance on peoples’ medium preferences for interpersonal communication. The results showed that participants preferred mediums dominated by pictures for socially ‘close’ targets and mediums dominated by words for socially ‘distant’ targets. These findings support construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2010) which propose that people use more abstract representations when mentalizing targets that are more psychologically distant. The current study will conduct a conceptual replication of Amit, Wakslak and Trope (2013, Experiment 2) to assess the robustness of the original conclusions by using a set of new pretested experimental materials.
There is no evidence that associations between adolescents’ digital technology engagement and mental health problems have increased
Creators: name: Vuorre, Matti
name: Orben, Amy
name: Przybylski, Andrew
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: adolescents
subject: depression
subject: mental health
subject: social media

description: We study the timecourse of technology effects on adolescent wellbeing in three large representative datasets.
Relationship of total Vibrio spp. and Vibrio vulnificus to phytoplankton and water quality parameters in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina
Creators: name: Susick, Emma K.
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2010

description: Vibrio bacteria are widely distributed in estuarine and coastal aquatic systems across the globe and not only play vital roles in nutrient cycling but are also important human pathogens. V. vulnificus is especially important in the United States as it is responsible for a majority of deaths seafood-related deaths. This study examined dynamics among total Vibrio, V. vulnificus, plankton populations and environment parameters in the Neuse River Estuary. Size fractionation was used to crudely partition zooplankton from phytoplankton. While there was substantial variation in total Vibrio concentrations, the [greater than or equal to]180[micro]m fraction, containing primarily large phytoplankton and zooplankton, exhibited more rapid growth over the course of the experiment compared to fractions containing smaller organisms and control treatments. Responses of V. vulnificus were also tested, but results showed that dynamics are complex and highly variable. Further exploration of the species-specific nature of these relationships is necessary to improve understanding of Vibrio ecology.
Magnetic modulation doping in topological insulators toward higher-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect
Creators: name: Mogi, M.
name: Yoshimi, R.
name: Tsukazaki, A.
name: Yasuda, K.
name: Kozuka, Y.
name: Takahashi, K. S.
name: Kawasaki, M.
name: Tokura, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE), which generates dissipation-less edge current without external magnetic field, is observed in magnetic-ion doped topological insulators (TIs), such as Cr- and V-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3. The QAHE emerges when the Fermi level is inside the magnetically induced gap around the original Dirac point of the TI surface state. Although the size of gap is reported to be about 50 meV, the observable temperature of QAHE has been limited below 300 mK. We attempt magnetic-Cr modulation doping into topological insulator (Bi,Sb)2Te3 films to increase the observable temperature of QAHE. By introducing the rich-Cr-doped thin (1 nm) layers at the vicinity of the both surfaces based on non-Cr-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3 films, we have succeeded in observing the QAHE up to 2 K. The improvement in the observable temperature achieved by this modulation-doping appears to be originating from the suppression of the disorder in the surface state interacting with the rich magnetic moments. Such a superlattice designing of the stabilized QAHE may pave a way to dissipation-less electronics based on the highertemperature and zero magnetic-field quantum conduction.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Optomechanical test of the Schrödinger-Newton equation
Creators: name: Großardt, André
name: Bateman, James
name: Ulbricht, Hendrik
name: Bassi, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Schrödinger-Newton equation has been proposed as an experimentally testable alternative to quantum gravity, accessible at low energies. It contains self-gravitational terms, which slightly modify the quantum dynamics. Here we show that it distorts the spectrum of a harmonic system. Based on this effect, we propose an optomechanical experiment with a trapped microdisc to test the Schrödinger-Newton equation, and we show that it can be realized with existing technology.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, 1 page of supplemental material
Physical processes causing the formation of penitentes
Creators: name: Claudin, P.
name: Jarry, H.
name: Vignoles, G.
name: Plapp, M.
name: Andreotti, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Snow penitentes form in sublimation conditions by differential ablation. Here we investigate the physical processes at the initial stage of penitente growth and perform the linear stability analysis of a flat surface submitted to the solar heat flux. We show that these patterns do not simply result from the self-illumination of the surface --a scale-free process-- but are primarily controlled by vapor diffusion and heat conduction. The wavelength at which snow penitentes emerge is derived and discussed. We found that it is controlled by aerodynamic mixing of vapor above the ice surface.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Out-of-distribution Detection and Generalized Class Discovery for Open-world Classification
Creators: name: Esmaeilpourcharandabi, Sepideh
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Despite the remarkable success of deep classification models on fine-grained visual recognition tasks, the training of these models is often based on a restricting assumption, i.e., the test samples belong to the same classes as the training data. This is in contrast to the dynamic and unpredictable real-world setting. Therefore, the deployment of classification models in the real world requires the detection and learning of samples from unknown or out-of-distribution classes without relying on external supervision. In this dissertation, we focus on training open-world classification models that can 1) detect out-of-distribution (OOD) samples at test time and 2) discover the classes of these samples in an unlabeled pool. In our first work, we propose an augmentation-based similarity learning method for OOD detection which outperforms costly generative techniques. In our second work, we introduce the problem of zero-shot OOD detection. While all previous methods in the literature rely on in-distribution samples for training their models, our approach does not train any classifiers. Instead, we generate supporting evidence for OOD detection by exploiting the multi-modal foundation model CLIP. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art supervised baselines by a large margin. Our third work is dedicated to the task of generalized class discovery. By iteratively detecting OOD or novel samples and optimizing a weakly-supervised contrastive loss, we mitigate the risk of overfitting to the old classes and improve the accuracy of novel class discovery.
Extra-galactic high-energy transients: event rate densities and luminosity functions
Creators: name: Sun, Hui
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Li, Zhuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several types of extra-galactic high-energy transients have been discovered, which include high-luminosity and low-luminosity long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), short-duration GRBs, supernova shock breakouts (SBOs), and tidal disruption events (TDEs) without or with an associated relativistic jet. In this paper, we apply a unified method to systematically study the redshift-dependent event rate densities and the global luminosity functions (ignoring redshift evolution) of these transients. We introduce some empirical formulae for the redshift-dependent event rate densities for different types of transients, and derive the local specific event rate density, which also represents its global luminosity function. Long GRBs have a large enough sample to reveal features in the global luminosity function, which is best characterized as a triple power law. All the other transients are consistent with having a single power law luminosity function. The total event rate density depends on the minimum luminosity, and we obtain the following values in units of ${\rm Gpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}}$: $0.8^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$ for high-luminosity long GRBs above $ 10^{50}~{\rm erg~s^{-1}}$, $164^{+98}_{-65}$ for low-luminosity long GRBs above $5\times 10^{46}~{\rm erg~s^{-1}}$, $1.3^{+0.4}_{-0.3}$, $1.2^{+0.4}_{-0.3}$, and $3.3^{+1.0}_{-0.8}$ above $ 10^{50}~ {\rm erg~s^{-1}}$ for short GRBs with three different merger delay models (Gaussian, log-normal, and power law), $1.9^{+2.4}_{-1.2}\times 10^4$ above $ 10^{44}~{\rm erg~s^{-1}}$ for SBOs, $ 4.8^{+3.2}_{-2.1}\times10^2 $ for normal TDEs above $10^{44}~ {\rm erg~s^{-1}}$, and $0.03^{+0.04}_{-0.02}$ above $ 10^{48}~ {\rm erg~s^{-1}}$ for TDE jets as discovered by Swift. Intriguingly, the global luminosity functions of different kinds of transients, which cover over 12 orders of magnitude, are consistent with a single power law with an index of -1.6.
description: 35 pages, 12 figures, accepted to ApJ
Calibration of the Actical Accelerometer in Adults
Creators: name: Diaz, Jason
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this investigation was to develop cut-points for the Actical accelerometer in adults that correspond to light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity using a percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Twenty five young adults completed a progressive submaximal exercise test on a treadmill wearing an Actical accelerometer while oxygen uptake was measured. The VO2max based cut-points for light-to-moderate was 4952 counts per minute (cpm), for moderate-to-vigorous intensity was 9714 cpm. VO2 based cut-points were significantly greater than MET based cut-points. The results of this investigation suggest that MET definitions of moderate and vigorous intensity are too light for young adults and may lead to misclassification of physical activity levels. The results also suggest that individual calibration of the Actical accelerometer may be needed due to the high variability of VO2max based cut-points.
Flavor and CP symmetries for leptogenesis and 0nubb decay
Creators: name: Hagedorn, Claudia
name: Molinaro, Emiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenology of leptonic low and high energy CP phases in a scenario with three heavy right-handed neutrinos in which a flavor and a CP symmetry are non-trivially broken. All CP phases as well as lepton mixing angles are determined by the properties of the flavor and CP symmetry and one free real parameter. We focus on the generation of the baryon asymmetry Y_B of the Universe via unflavored leptogenesis and the predictions of m_ee, the quantity measurable in neutrinoless double beta decay. We show that the sign of Y_B can be fixed and the allowed parameter range of m_ee can be strongly constrained. We argue on general grounds that the CP asymmetries epsilon_i are dominated by the contribution associated with one Majorana phase and that in cases in which only the Dirac phase is non-trivial the sign of Y_B depends on further parameters. In addition, we comment on the case of flavored leptogenesis where in general the knowledge of the CP phases and light neutrino mass spectrum is also not sufficient in order to fix the sign of the CP asymmetries. As examples we discuss the series of flavor groups Delta (3 n^2) and Delta (6 n^2), n >= 2 integer, and several classes of CP transformations.
description: 1+59 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables; v2 matches journal version
Cold gas and a Milky Way-type 2175 Å bump in a metal-rich and highly depleted absorption system
Creators: name: Ma, Jingzhe
name: Caucal, Paul
name: Noterdaeme, Pasquier
name: Ge, Jian
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Ji, Tuo
name: Zhang, Shaohua
name: Rahmani, Hadi
name: Jiang, Peng
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Lundgren, Britt
name: Pâris, Isabelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of a strong Milky Way-type 2175 Å$ $ extinction bump at $z$ = 2.1166 in the quasar spectrum towards SDSS J121143.42+083349.7 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 10. We conduct follow up observations with the Echelle Spectrograph and Imager (ESI) onboard the Keck-II telescope and the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) on the VLT. This 2175 Å$ $ absorber is remarkable in that we simultaneously detect neutral carbon (C I), neutral chlorine (Cl I), and carbon monoxide (CO). It also qualifies as a damped Lyman alpha system. The J1211+0833 absorber is found to be metal-rich and has a dust depletion pattern resembling that of the Milky Way disk clouds. We use the column densities of the C I fine structure states and the C II/C I ratio (under the assumption of ionization equilibrium) to derive the temperature and volume density in the absorbing gas. A Cloudy photoionization model is constructed, which utilizes additional atoms/ions to constrain the physical conditions. The inferred physical conditions are consistent with a canonical cold (T $\sim$ 100 K) neutral medium with a high density ($n$(H I) $\sim$ 100 cm$^{-3}$) and a slightly higher pressure than the local interstellar medium. Given the simultaneous presence of C I, CO, and the 2175 Å$ $ bump, combined with the high metallicity, high dust depletion level and overall low ionization state of the gas, the absorber towards J1211+0833 supports the scenario that the presence of the bump requires an evolved stellar population.
description: 18 pages, 17 figures, to be published in MNRAS
Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Bogliacino, Francesco
name: Villanueva, Francisco
name: codagnone, cristiano
name: Charris, Rafael
name: Gómez, Camilo
name: Folkvord, F.
name: Montealegre, Felipe
name: Veltri, Giuseppe
name: Liva, Giovanni
name: reith, gerda
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: anxiety
subject: COVID-19
subject: depression
subject: random forest
subject: social desirability bias
subject: stress
subject: vulnerability

description: Currently, many different countries are under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19. The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood. In this study we analyse the results of a multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N=3,504), Spain (N=3,524) and the United Kingdom (N=3,523), with two separate analyses. In the first analysis, we examine the elicitation of citizens’ concerns over the downplaying of the economic consequences of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. We control for Social Desirability Bias through a list experiment included in the survey. In the second analysis, we examine the data from the same survey to estimate the consequences of the economic lockdown in terms of mental health, by predicting the level of stress, anxiety and depression associated with being economically vulnerable and having been affected by a negative economic shock. To accomplish this, we have used a prediction algorithm based on machine learning techniques. To quantify the size of this affected population, we compare its magnitude with the number of people affected by COVID-19 using measures of susceptibility, vulnerability and behavioural change collected in the same questionnaire. We find that the concern for the economy and for “the way out” of the lockdown is diffuse and there is evidence of minor underreporting. Additionally, we estimate that around 42.8% of the populations in the three countries are at high risk of stress, anxiety and depression, based on their level of economic vulnerability and their exposure to a negative economic shock. Therefore, it can be concluded that the lockdown and extreme social distancing in the three countries has had an enormous impact on individuals’ mental health and this should be taken into account for future decisions made on regulations concerning the pandemic.
Scattering state of Klein-Gordon Particles by q-parameter hyperbolic Poschl-Teller potential
Creators: name: Ikot, Akpan Ndem
name: Obong, Hillary P.
name: Owate, Israel O.
name: Onyeaju, Michael C.
name: Hassanabadi, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 03.65.Ge

description: The one-dimensional Klein-Gordon equation for equal vector and scalar q-parameter hyperbolic Poschl-Teller potential is solved in terms of the hypergeometric functions. We calculate in details the solutions of the scattering and bound states. By virtue of the conditions of equation of continuity of the wave functions, we obtained explicit expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients and energy equation for the bound state solutions
description: 8 papges,5 figures
Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) Macau Study Dataset
Creators: name: Monteiro, Elisa
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Education

description: TSES scale -short versions in Chinese. The study used the original 3-factor structure by Tschannen-Moran, Hoy, & Hoy, 1998.
title: Event impact analysis for time series
title: Tests, measures, and models
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Scharwächter, Erik
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Time series
subject: Event series
subject: Event impact analysis
subject: Event coincidence analysis
subject: Causal inference
subject: Anomaly detection
subject: Change detection
subject: 004
subject: Zeitreihenanalyse
subject: Kausale Erklärung
subject: Anomalieerkennung
subject: Änderungserkennung

description: Time series arise in a variety of application domains—whenever data points are recorded over time and stored for subsequent analysis. A critical question is whether the occurrence of events like natural disasters, technical faults, or political interventions leads to changes in a time series, for example, temporary deviations from its typical behavior. The vast majority of existing research on this topic focuses on the specific impact of a single event on a time series, while methods to generically capture the impact of a recurring event are scarce. In this thesis, we fill this gap by introducing a novel framework for event impact analysis in the case of randomly recurring events. We develop a statistical perspective on the problem and provide a generic notion of event impacts based on a statistical independence relation. The main problem we address is that of establishing the presence of event impacts in stationary time series using statistical independence tests. Tests for event impacts should be generic, powerful, and computationally efficient. We develop two algorithmic test strategies for event impacts that satisfy these properties. The first is based on coincidences between events and peaks in the time series, while the second is based on multiple marginal associations. We also discuss a selection of follow-up questions, including ways to measure, model and visualize event impacts, and the relationship between event impact analysis and anomaly detection in time series. At last, we provide a first method to study event impacts in nonstationary time series. We evaluate our methodological contributions on several real-world datasets and study their performance within large-scale simulation studies.
Triple oxygen and clumped isotope records from Bear Lake (Utah/Idaho) since the last glacial maximum and implications for paleohydrology and paleoclimate
Creators: name: Packard, Natalie
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geological Sciences
subject: Science

description: Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geology or Earth and Environmental Sciences, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences.
Discussing Politics on Facebook: Club Model and Rowdy Deliberative Talk
Creators: name: Turkoglu, Didem
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Scholars who study deliberative democracy put a lot of emphasis on the importance of the way people talk about politics, which shapes their thoughts and practices. In online political settings people tend to talk about politics with like-minded individuals creating echo chambers. However, by focusing on overtly political venues, the literature understudies the political talk that takes place in non-political settings. In this paper I investigate the question of how we come across political discourse on a pre-dominantly non-political platform on social network sites (SNSs). Based on a mix-method analysis of over 80.000 comments from the 50 most popular public Facebook pages from Turkey, the findings suggest that we are more likely to find deliberative talk in non-political settings if politics is considered to be an appropriate discussion topic. They may also be unexpectedly rowdy, contrary to the most of the conceptualizations of deliberative talk.
Assessment Strategies in Higher Education: A Case Study of Conestoga College’s Fitness and Health Promotion Program
Creators: name: Halar, Julia
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Higher Education
Assessment
Case Study

description: The Fitness and Health Promotion (FHP) program is a relatively new program in the faculty of Health and Life Sciences and Community Services at Conestoga College in Ontario. The FHP program is designed to train and prepare individuals as qualified fitness and health consultants working in the fitness and lifestyle industry. Graduating students have the skills to complete standardized exams for accreditation. Although assessment is an essential component in higher education, the educators who are required to do it may not always understand it well. This single case study investigated the development and use of assessment tools and strategies in this higher education context through interviews with thirteen participants from three different stakeholder groups. In addition, this case study describes the perceptions around assessment of these stakeholders: educators, administrator and students. Professional development and training should be implemented for all stakeholder groups to resolve misunderstandings around assessment tools and strategies and to optimize feedback activities.
Biogeochemical Mechanisms of Rare Earth Element Enrichment in Mining-affected Aqueous Environments
Creators: name: Ashby, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Rare earth elements
Adsorption
Biofilm
Manganese
Microbes
Iron

description: One of the largest environmental liabilities facing the Canadian and international mining industry includes the effects of acidic drainage to water resources. This thesis sought to determine biogeochemical mechanisms of rare earth element and yttrium (REY) enrichment in mine drainage, linkages between REYs and microbial populations, and whether REYs were present in water or biofilm at mineable quantities or toxic levels. Water and co-occurring biofilm samples were collected from North and South American mining and control sites, and a passive water treatment system in Pennsylvania. REY concentrations within mineralized biofilm were observed to occur at borderline mineable quantities within biofilm in coal mine drainage (1,000 mg/kg dry weight total REYs), where REYs were bound predominately to particulate organic matter, manganese and iron, limiting their bioavailability. Within the passive treatment system, REYs showed the greatest maximum water-biofilm partitioning coefficients after Al and Fe, and a strong inverse relationship with aqueous REY concentration. Photosynthetic eukaryotes were observed to occur within biofilms that contained an abundance of neutrophilic iron oxidizing bacteria.
Top-down control of sensory focus in bursty pyramidal cell populations
Creators: name: Clarke, Stephen E.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017

description: Through a series of original research articles, this thesis describes the role of neural network feedback in top-down control of bursty ON and OFF type electrosensory neurons while processing motion toward (looming) and away (receding) from the body. Neural codes for motion reversal in weakly electric fish are not simply evoked by bottom-up sensory input and amplified by feedback; instead, positive feedback loops must synthesize a directionally invariant representation of motion reversal that is distributed across both the ON and OFF pyramidal cell populations. Through balanced excitatory and inhibitory feedback, the system establishes an optimal distance for motion estimation (a sensory focus) that is maintained by the animal during a motion tracking behaviour. Remarkably, this sensory focus is size, direction and speed-invariant. The speed invariance likely derives from the speed invariance of the electrosensory afferent response, a consequence of timescale-free spike frequency adaptation. Since natural swimming movements are associated with tail-bending that cause spatially diffuse sensory noise, we demonstrate that spatially localized motion processing by the ON and OFF neurons co-occurs with cancellation of the distraction; this supports the circuit's role as a robust `sensory searchlight' mechanism for spatial attention. A simple algorithm for motion tracking is discussed, as well as potential generalizations of the described coding principles to more complex mammalian circuits.
Dirac Coupled Channel Analyses of the high-lying excited states at $^{22}$Ne(p,p$'$)$^{22}$Ne
Creators: name: Shim, Sugie
name: Kim, Moon-Won
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dirac phenomenological coupled channel analyses are performed using an optical potential model for the high-lying excited vibrational states at 800 MeV unpolarized proton inelastic scatterings from $^{22}$Ne nucleus. Lorentz-covariant scalar and time-like vector potentials are used as direct optical potentials and the first-order vibrational collective model is used for the transition optical potentials to describe the high-lying excited vibrational collective states. The complicated Dirac coupled channel equations are solved phenomenologically using a sequential iteration method by varying the optical potential and the deformation parameters. Relativistic Dirac coupled channel calculations are able to describe the high-lying excited states of the vibrational bands in $^{22}$Ne clearly better than the nonrelativistic coupled channel calculations. The channel-coupling effects of the multistep process for the excited states of the vibrational bands are investigated. The deformation parameters obtained from the Dirac phenomenological calculations for the high-lying vibrational excited states in $^{22}$Ne are found to agree well with those obtained from the nonrelativistic calculations using the same Woods-Saxon potential shape.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1407.5441
Urban policy for sustainable development: Taking a wide-angle view
Creators: name: Alexander, Don
name: Tomalty, Ray
Publisher: name: Vancouver Island University - Royal Roads University
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Sustainable development--Canada
subject: Urban policy--Canada

description: In this review of literature relevant to urban policy for sustainable development, we consider both empirical writings and more "visionary" work. The two aspects that will be considered in our review of urban policy for sustainability are population size and the built environment. In considering the issues raised by both empirical and the visionary literatures, we arrive at five broad goals or areas of concern which we feel urban policy for sustainable development should address or at least be mindful of. These include: the maintenance of ecological integrity; achieving the cultural preconditions for sustainability; fostering the livability/equality of the built environment; reducing environmental impacts and resource use; and maximizing the fiscal efficiency of urban form/infrastructure.
description: This publication was funded by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
description: This article was originally published as: Alexander, D. & Tomalty, R. (1994). Urban policy for sustainable development: Taking a wide-angle view. Issues in Urban Sustainability, 6, 1-42. Issues in Urban Sustainability was published by the University of Winnipeg, Institute of Urban Studies. More information about the Institute of Urban Studies can be found at: https://www.uwinnipeg.ca/ius/.
description: https://viuspace.viu.ca/bitstream/handle/10613/5089/Alexander.IUS.pdf?sequence=4
Inter-Layer Per-Mobile Optimization of Cloud Mobile Computing: A Message-Passing Approach
Creators: name: Khalili, Shahrouz
name: Simeone, Osvaldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cloud mobile computing enables the offloading of computation-intensive applications from a mobile device to a cloud processor via a wireless interface. In light of the strong interplay between offloading decisions at the application layer and physical-layer parameters, which determine the energy and latency associated with the mobile-cloud communication, this paper investigates the inter-layer optimization of fine-grained task offloading across both layers. In prior art, this problem was formulated, under a serial implementation of processing and communication, as a mixed integer program, entailing a complexity that is exponential in the number of tasks. In this work, instead, algorithmic solutions are proposed that leverage the structure of the call graphs of typical applications by means of message passing on the call graph, under both serial and parallel implementations of processing and communication. For call trees, the proposed solutions have a linear complexity in the number of tasks, and efficient extensions are presented for more general call graphs that include "map" and "reduce"-type tasks. Moreover, the proposed schemes are optimal for the serial implementation, and provide principled heuristics for the parallel implementation. Extensive numerical results yield insights into the impact of inter-layer optimization and on the comparison of the two implementations.
description: submitted
Biosphere Reserves: learning spaces for sustainability
Creators: name: Herrero, Cristina
Publisher: name: Vancouver Island University - Royal Roads University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biosphere reserves

description: Since 1976, the research on sustainable development practices at the Biosphere Reserves (BRs) of the UNESCO Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme have yielded valuable experiences and built an important knowledge base. The practical knowledge acquired in that collection is presently dispersed and risks disappearing due to its diffuse nature, complexity, social changes, and lack of suitable learning structures. However, the collaboration between BRs’ managers as knowledge carriers and scientists from different disciplines, allows transformation of diffuse practical knowledge into scientific knowledge for Sustainability Science, which may be applied elsewhere, such as in the formation of rural development and sustainability professionals. With that purpose in mind, the Spanish Biosphere Reserve Network (comprising of 48 BRs) is now developing a “Knowledge Network”, DialogosRB.net project. In it, BRs’ managers and scientists, and together with experts in communication and information technologies, have agreed to work as a collective intelligence unit. This article presents the underlying reflections of this project. The results from the Knowledge Network will be available at www.dialogosrb.net on 2018 (initially in Spanish).
description: https://viurrspace.ca/bitstream/handle/10613/5092/Herrero.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
Variations in emission from episodic plasmoid ejecta around black holes
Creators: name: Younsi, Ziri
name: Wu, Kinwah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray and radio flares observed in X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei (AGN) are attributed to energetic electrons in the plasma ejecta from the accretion flows near the black hole in these systems. It is argued that magnetic reconnection could occur in the coronae above the accretion disk around the black hole, and that this drives plasmoid outflows resembling the solar coronal mass ejection (CME) phenomenon. The X-ray and radio flares are emission from energetic electrons produced in the process. As the emission region is located near the black hole event horizon, the flare emission would be subject to special- and general-relativistic effects. We present calculations of the flaring emission from plasmoids orbiting around a black hole and plasmoid ejecta launched from the inner accretion disk when general-relativistic effects are crucial in determining the observed time-dependent properties of the emission. We consider fully general-relativistic radiative transfer calculations of the emission from evolving ejecta from black hole systems, with proper accounting for differential arrival times of photons emitted from the plasmoids, and determine the emission lightcurves of plasmoids when they are in orbit and when they break free from their magnetic confinement. The implications for interpreting time-dependent spectroscopic observations of flaring emission from accreting black holes are discussed.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Impact of Starspots on Mass and Age Estimates During The Pre-Main Sequence
Creators: name: Somers, Garrett
name: Pinsonneault, Marc H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impact of starspots on the evolution of late-type stars during the pre-main sequence (pre-MS). We find that heavy spot coverage increases the radii of stars by 4-10%, consistent with inflation factors in eclipsing binary systems, and suppresses the rate of pre-MS lithium depletion, leading to a dispersion in zero-age MS Li abundance (comparable to observed spreads) if a range of spot properties exist within clusters from 3-10 Myr. This concordance with data implies that spots induce a range of radii at fixed mass during the pre-MS. These spots decrease the luminosity and $T_{\rm eff}$ of stars, leading to a displacement on the HR diagram. This displacement causes isochrone derived masses and ages to be systematically under-estimated, and can lead to the spurious appearance of an age spread in a co-eval population.
description: To appear in "Young Stars and Planets Near the Sun", Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 314 (Cambridge University Press), J.H. Kastner, B. Stelzer, S.A. Metchev, eds