cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Wave-Related Reynolds Number Parameterizations of CO2 and DMS Transfer Velocities
Creators: name: Brumer, Sophia Eleonora
name: Zappa, Christopher J.
name: Blomquist, Byron W.
name: Fairall, Christopher W.
name: Cifuentes-Lorenzen, Alejandro
name: Edson, James B.
name: Brooks, Ian M.
name: Huebert, Barry J.
name: Columbia University. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Reynolds number
subject: Ocean-atmosphere interaction
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ocean waves--Mathematical models

description: Predicting future climate hinges on our understanding of and ability to quantify air‐sea gas transfer. The latter relies on parameterizations of the gas transfer velocity k, which represents physical mass transfer mechanisms and is usually parameterized as a nonlinear function of wind forcing. In an attempt to reduce uncertainties in k, this study explores empirical parameterizations that incorporate both wind speed and sea state dependence via wave‐wind and breaking Reynolds numbers, RH and RB. Analysis of concurrent eddy covariance gas transfer and measured wavefield statistics supplemented by wave model hindcasts shows for the first time that wave‐related Reynolds numbers collapse four open ocean data sets that have a wind speed dependence of CO2 transfer velocity ranging from lower than quadratic to cubic. Wave‐related Reynolds number and wind speed show comparable performance for parametrizing dimethyl sulfide (DMS) which, because of its higher solubility, is less affected by bubble‐mediated exchange associated with wave breaking.
Robust constraints on dark energy and gravity from galaxy clustering data
Creators: name: Wang, Yun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clustering data provide a powerful probe of dark energy. We examine how the constraints on the scaled expansion history of the universe, x_h(z)=H(z)s (with s denoting the sound horizon at the drag epoch), and the scaled angular diameter distance, x_d(z)=D_A(z)/s, depend on the methods used to analyze the galaxy clustering data. We find that using the observed galaxy power spectrum, P_g^{obs}(k), x_h(z) and x_d(z) are measured more accurately and are significantly less correlated with each other, compared to using only the information from the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in P_g^{obs}(k). Using the {x_h(z), x_d(z)} from P_g^{obs}(k) gives a DETF dark energy FoM approximately a factor of two larger than using the {x_h(z), x_d(z)} from BAO only; this provides a robust conservative method to go beyond BAO only in extracting dark energy information from galaxy clustering data. We find that a Stage IV galaxy redshift survey, with 0.7
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. Version with minor revisions, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: The Endangered Community:Analysing societal impacts of fisheries management
Creators: name: van Hoof, Ir. L.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session O
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
The sea and human culture and societies

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The sustainability of fisheries and fishing communities is determined by social and economic factors, as well as by biological and environmental conditions. Management plans for European fish stocks will have social impacts on fisheries and fishing communities which will vary geographically, sectorally and temporally, with different impacts being experienced in the short, medium and long-term. Whereas increasingly ecological and economical data are becoming available and are for example managed under the EU Data Collection Regulation, data on communities and their social fabric are at best piecemeal. We will present a general framework for conducting assessments of social impacts of fisheries policies on the catching and onshore sectors, and their associated communities and use the experiences with the application of this framework in selected cases in the UK to evaluate the evaluation process of fisheries management policies
Traces GPS et cartographie de la structure et du fonctionnement d'un réseau de transport : comment les traces GPS peuvent-elles être utilisées pour rendre compte de la définition structurelle et fonctionnelle d'un réseau de transport ?
Creators: name: CHEVRIER Camille
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Géomatique
Transport
GPS

description: Il existe dans le monde des réseaux de transport informels : des réseaux de transport où les données manquent et où l’exploitation se fait de manière localisée, sans vision globale. Ce projet a pour objectif de montrer que les traces GPS peuvent être utilisées pour doter ces réseaux de données exploitables afin de les caractériser en termes de structure et de fonctionnement. Ce projet, par la mise en place d’un protocole, a montré la possibilité d’utiliser des traces GPS afin d’obtenir ces données. Il décrit les trois phases du protocole : la collecte des traces GPS sur le terrain, le traitement des traces collectées et la représentation des données obtenues pour les différents acteurs. Pour évaluer l’efficacité de chaque étape de ce protocole et la précision des différentes données obtenues, ce protocole a été expérimenté sur deux lignes d’un réseau de transport formel connu et documenté (le réseau Impulsyon à La Roche-sur-Yon, en Vendée). Cette expérimentation a pu montrer que, en utilisant ce protocole, il était possible d’obtenir des données exploitables pour caractériser la structure (les arrêts et les itinéraires) et le fonctionnement (les horaires et les vitesses) d’un réseau de transport. Ce protocole se basant exclusivement sur des traces GPS, ces dernières constituent donc une solution pour obtenir des données sur un réseau de transport, notamment informel.
description: Rapport présenté dans le cadre du Projet de Fin d'Etudes de la formation d'ingénieur en Aménagement et Environnement de Polytech Tours
title: A model for simulating trading of fisheries quota
Creators: name: Little, L. Richard
name: Punt, André E.
name: Mapstone, Bruce D.
name: Begg, Gavin A.
name: Goldman, Barry
name: Williams, Ashley
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session O
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
The sea and human culture and societies

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) have long been proposed as a way of increasing the profitability of fisheries by introducing a rights based, tradeable permit system that fosters stewardship of the resource, breaking the cycle of over-capitalisation and over-exploitation. Under ITQs, fishers receive a share of total allowable catch (TAC) and are free to use it or sell it. In this paper we develop a model to simulate trading of fisheries quota in an ITQ market. We build on a multi-species population and vessel dynamics model developed for common coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) and red throat emperor (Lethrinus miniatus) in the Coral Reef Fin Fish Fishery (CRFFF), a $AU 50 million fishery operating on the Great Barrier Reef of Australia, where an ITQ fisheries management system has been operating since 2004. The model considers initial quota allocation to vessels, seasonal fish prices and individual variable costs, fishing efficiency and experience., Vessel operators can either purchase or sell quota of either species, if it was in their interest to do so to maximise profit. This depends on the cost each vessel incurs per day fishing, seasonal fish prices and historical catch rates experienced by the vessel operator, which in turn depends on the catchable biomass of the species and the vessel’s own fishing efficiency. Results show projected fishing effort trajectories under a range of TAC levels for coral trout and red throat emperor. Results also show the profitability of the fishery under a range of management options. In general, as the TAC for the primary targeted species, coral trout, increased, so too did the effort. Fishing effort under the current TAC arrangement decreased, mimicking the actual effort level since 2004. Effort dynamics were also more sensitive to the coral trout TAC, the more valuable primary target species, compared to the TAC of the less valuable red throat emperor. Discarding of red throat emperor was also high when the ratio of coral trout TAC to red throat emperor TAC was high. The results help managers in understanding the implications of their quota-related decisions, illustrate what might be expected with trading in a multispecies quota system and indicate what to expect in the CRFFF as that multi-species ITQ system matures.
title: On Experiences with a Seminar for Teaching Robotics
Creators: name: Tolle, Henning
name: Ersü, Enis
Publisher: name: IFAC - International Federation of Automatic Control
Year: 2023

description: The growing amount of new, additional topics to be handled without extention of the time students stay at the university and without an extension of the number of available lecturers poses a difficult problem for the teaching body. The paper presents experiences gained with a seminar as a possible solution in the area of robotics. After a discussion of the general scheme of education for electrical engineering at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, the structure of the seminar and experiences gained with it are described. The paper concludes with some remarks on another solution chosen with respect to introduce artificial intelligence approaches to control engineers.
Spatial models for point and areal data using Markov random fields on a fine grid
Creators: name: Paciorek, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: I consider the use of Markov random fields (MRFs) on a fine grid to represent latent spatial processes when modeling point-level and areal data, including situations with spatial misalignment. Point observations are related to the grid cell in which they reside, while areal observations are related to the (approximate) integral over the latent process within the area of interest. I review several approaches to specifying the neighborhood structure for constructing the MRF precision matrix, presenting results comparing these MRF representations analytically, in simulations, and in two examples. The results provide practical guidance for choosing a spatial process representation and highlight the importance of this choice. In particular, the results demonstrate that, and explain why, standard CAR models can behave strangely for point-level data. They show that various neighborhood weighting approaches based on higher-order neighbors that have been suggested for MRF models do not produce smooth fields, which raises doubts about their utility. Finally, they indicate that an MRF that approximates a thin plate spline compares favorably to standard CAR models and to kriging under many circumstances.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures
Non-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relation from holography
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Ayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a non-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relation for bosonic correlation functions from holography in the classical gravity approximation at strong coupling. This generalizes the familiar thermal fluctuation-dissipation relation in absence of external sources. This also holds universally for any non-equilibrium state which can be obtained from a stable thermal equilibrium state in perturbative derivative (hydrodynamic) and amplitude (non-hydrodynamic) expansions. Therefore, this can provide a strong experimental test for the applicability of the holographic framework. We discuss how it can be tested in heavy ion collisions. We also make a conjecture regarding multi-point holographic non-equilibrium Green's functions.
description: 40 pages, 3 figures, revtex; a small change in the Introduction for clarity and a reference added, accepted in PRD
Ramanujan sums as supercharacters
Creators: name: Fowler, Christopher F.
name: Garcia, Stephan Ramon
name: Karaali, Gizem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The theory of supercharacters, recently developed by Diaconis-Isaacs and Andre, can be used to derive the fundamental algebraic properties of Ramanujan sums. This machinery frequently yields one-line proofs of difficult identities and provides many novel formulas. In addition to exhibiting a new application of supercharacter theory, this article also serves as a blueprint for future work since some of the abstract results we develop are applicable in much greater generality.
description: 32 pages. Comments welcome
Origin of ferroelectricity in high-$T_c$ magnetic ferroelectric CuO
Creators: name: Jin, Guangxi
name: Cao, Kun
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: He, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cupric oxide is a unique magnetic ferroelectric material with a transition temperature significantly higher than the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. However, the mechanism of high-T$_c$ multiferroicity in CuO remains puzzling. In this paper, we clarify the mechanism of high-T$_c$ multiferroicity in CuO, using combined first-principles calculations and an effective Hamiltonian model. We find that CuO contains two magnetic sublattices, with strong intrasublattice interactions and weakly frustrated intersublattice interactions, which may represent one of the main reasons for the high ordering temperature of the compound. The weak spin frustration leads to incommensurate spin excitations that dramatically enhance the entropy of the mutliferroic phase and eventually stabilize that phase in CuO.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Average versus high surface ozone levels over the continental U.S.A.: Model bias, background influences, and interannual variability
Creators: name: Guo, Jean
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Murray, Lee T.
name: Jaffe, Daniel A.
name: Schnell, Jordan L.
name: Moore, Tom
name: Milly, George P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Atmospheric ozone
Atmospheric ozone--Measurement
Atmospheric ozone--Mathematical models

description: U.S. background ozone (O3) includes O3 produced from anthropogenic O3 precursors emitted outside of the U.S.A., from global methane, and from any natural sources. Using a suite of sensitivity simulations in the GEOS-Chem global chemistry-transport model, we estimate the influence from individual background versus U.S. anthropogenic sources on total surface O3 over ten continental U.S. regions from 2004–2012. Evaluation with observations reveals model biases of +0–19ppb in seasonal mean maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) O3, highest in summer over the eastern U.S.A. Simulated high-O3 events cluster too late in the season. We link these model biases to regional O3 production (e.g., U.S. anthropogenic, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), and soil NOx, emissions), or coincident missing sinks. On the ten highest observed O3 days during summer (O3_top10obs_JJA), U.S. anthropogenic emissions enhance O3 by 5–11ppb and by less than 2ppb in the eastern versus western U.S.A. The O3 enhancement from BVOC emissions during summer is 1–7ppb higher on O3_top10obs_JJA days than on average days, while intercontinental pollution is up to 2ppb higher on average vs. on O3_top10obs_JJA days. In the model, regional sources of O3 precursor emissions drive interannual variability in the highest observed O3 levels. During the summers of 2004–2012, monthly regional mean U.S. background O3 MDA8 levels vary by 10–20ppb. Simulated summertime total surface O3 levels on O3_top10obs_JJA days decline by 3ppb (averaged over all regions) from 2004–2006 to 2010–2012 in both the observations and the model, reflecting rising U.S. background (+2ppb) and declining U.S. anthropogenic O3 emissions (−6ppb). The model attributes interannual variability in U.S. background O3 on O3_top10obs days to natural sources, not international pollution transport. We find that a three-year averaging period is not long enough to eliminate interannual variability in background O3.
Blueprint of Structural Section & Details of Unit J in Shopping Center, Stony Brook, L.I.
Creators: name: Smythe, Richard Haviland
name: Melville, Ward, 1887-1977
name: Organization, Ward Melville Heritage
name: Stony Brook Community Fund
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Stony Brook
Sketches
Blueprints
Plans
Architects
Shopping centers
Architectural drawings
Stores & shops

description: This blueprint shows the structural sections and details of unit J of shopping center located in Stony Brook, L.I.
A folyamatos differenciált foglalkoztatás hatása a közösség iránti beállítódás alakulására felső tagozatos tanulóknál
Creators: name: Kós, Nóra
name: Szabóné Balogh, Ágota
name: Lestyán, Erzsébet
name: Harsányiné Petneházi, Ágnes
Publisher: name: Debreceni Egyetem
Year: 2017

description: Különleges Bánásmód, vol. 3. issue 3. ISSN 2498-5368
Blueprint of Front and South Elevations of Shopping Center, Stony Brook, L.I.
Creators: name: Melville, Ward, 1887-1977
name: Organization, Ward Melville Heritage
name: Stony Brook Community Fund
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Stony Brook
Sketches
Blueprints
Plans
Architects
Shopping centers
Architectural drawings
Stores & shops

description: This blueprint shows front and South elevations of unit J of shopping center located in Stony Brook, L.I.
Identification of long-duration noise transients in LIGO and Virgo
Creators: name: LIGO Scientific Collaboration
name: Virgo Collaboration
name: Coughlin, Michael W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LIGO and Virgo detectors are sensitive to a variety of noise sources, such as instrumental artifacts and environmental disturbances. The Stochastic Transient Analysis Multi-detector Pipeline (STAMP) has been developed to search for long-duration (t$\gtrsim$1s) gravitational-wave (GW) signals. This pipeline can also be used to identify environmental noise transients. Here we present an algorithm to determine when long-duration noise sources couple into the interferometers, as well as identify what these noise sources are. We analyze the cross-power between a GW strain channel and an environmental sensor, using pattern recognition tools to identify statistically significant structure in cross-power time-frequency maps. We identify interferometer noise from airplanes, helicopters, thunderstorms and other sources. Examples from LIGO's sixth science run, S6, and Virgo's third scientific run, VSR3, are presented.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, Gravitational-wave Physics & Astronomy Workshop
title: An economic approach to overcoming over-quota catches in multi-species fisheries: The FcubEcon model
Creators: name: Hoff, Ayoe
name: Frost, Hans
name: Ulrich, Clara
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session O
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
The sea and human culture and societies

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.This paper presents an extension, using economic policy considerations, of the original Fcube framework (Ulrich et al., 2009). Fcube was introduced in 2006 (ICES, 2008) as a novel approach to the problems of discards, illegal landings, and/or quota under utilisation inherent in mixed fisheries management based on single species assessments and quotas. The Fcube framework as such focuses on management from a fisheries and fleet based perspective as opposed to a single stock perspective. The original framework, however, bases its management decisions on a combination of fleet harvest potentials and fish stock preservation considerations. As an extension to this, the FcubEcon bases its management decision on the two former criteria combined with economic optimisation considerations for the harvesting agents, recognizing that fisheries management have a significant impact on human behaviour as well as on ecosystem development, and must as such be based on solutions that take into account the behaviour and economic interests of humans, as well as resource preservation. The model framework is presented together with an application to the demersal fishery in the North Sea.
“tsɑrɑŋ?” - Telephone Conversation Openings in the Rushani Language
Creators: name: Dundon, John Terry
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Conversation analysis
Salutations
Telephone calls
Semantics

description: This paper uses conversation analysis (CA) to examine telephone conversation openings in an unwritten and understudied language, Rushani, spoken primarily in remote, mountainous areas of Tajikistan and Afghanistan. In a sample of three telephone conversations, examples are sought of the four opening sequences of telephone calls originally identified by Schegloff (1986): summons-answer; identification-recognition; greetings; and initial inquiries. At first glance, telephone conversation openings in Rushani appear to skip over the greeting stage and move directly into an extended exchange of initial inquiries. However, upon closer analysis, it is argued that a Rushani word that translates as “How are you” is in fact used by conversation participants as a greeting. The paper concludes with an argument that the study supports a “universalist” position of CA as applied to calls conducted in languages other than English (Luke & Pavlidou, 2002). Despite their apparent form as initial inquiries, greetings in telephone conversations in Rushani serve precisely the same function and resolve the same “interactional issues” as greetings in other languages (Schegloff, 1986).
Circles of Social Life, Liverpool: Settling Strangers; Supporting Disability Needs
Creators: name: James, Paul
name: Magee, Liam
name: Mann, Jakki
name: Partoredjo, Shuman
name: Soldatic, Karen
Publisher: name: Western Sydney Press
Year: 2018

description: Liverpool is home to one of the highest concentrations of Australia’s recent arrivals, and home to many culturally and linguistically diverse communities in their different stages of settlement. As one of the fastest-growing regions in Australia, the city is concurrently going through rapid and significant economic, demographic, infrastructural and environmental change. This Report was commissioned by the Western Sydney Migrant Resource Centre (Western Sydney MRC) to understand the basic issues concerning the settlement of migrants and refugees, including examining resettlement supports for migrants and refugees with disability. The Report was commissioned to provide a baseline map of Liverpool’s complexity in order for the Western Sydney MRC and other non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and governmental social service providers to better respond to Liverpool’s full social complexity. The 'Circles of Social Life' approach offers an integrated method for practically responding to complex issues of vitality, relationality, productivity and sustainability, and what makes for a flourishing world. The approach, which includes Circles of Sustainability, takes an urban area, city, community, organization or individual through the difficult process of responding to complex or seemingly intractable problems and challenges.
Magnetic switching by spin torque from the spin Hall effect
Creators: name: Liu, Luqiao
name: Lee, O. J.
name: Gudmundsen, T. J.
name: Ralph, D. C.
name: Buhrman, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin Hall effect (SHE) generates spin currents within nonmagnetic materials. Previously, studies of the SHE have been motivated primarily to understand its fundamental origin and magnitude. Here we demonstrate, using measurement and modeling, that in a Pt/Co bilayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy the SHE can produce a spin transfer torque that is strong enough to efficiently rotate and reversibly switch the Co magnetization, thereby providing a new strategy both to understand the SHE and to manipulate magnets. We suggest that the SHE torque can have a similarly strong influence on current-driven magnetic domain wall motion in Pt/ferromagnet multilayers. We estimate that in optimized devices the SHE torque can switch magnetic moments using currents comparable to those in magnetic tunnel junctions operated by conventional spin-torque switching, meaning that the SHE can enable magnetic memory and logic devices with similar performance but simpler architecture than the current state of the art.
Decades of urban growth and development on the Asian megadeltas
Creators: name: Small, Christopher
name: Sousa, Daniel John
name: Yetman, Gregory G.
name: Elvidge, Christopher D.
name: MacManus, Kytt
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Deltas
Cities and towns--Growth
Urbanization

description: The current and ongoing expansion of urban areas worldwide represents the largest mass migration in human history. It is well known that the world's coastal zones are associated with large and growing concentrations of population, urban development and economic activity. Among coastal environments, deltas have long been recognized for both benefits and hazards. This is particularly true on the Asian megadeltas, where the majority of the world's deltaic populations reside. Current trends in urban migration, combined with demographic momentum suggest that the already large populations on the Asian megadeltas will continue to grow. In this study, we combine recently released gridded population density (circa 2010) with a newly developed night light change product (1992 to 2012) and a digital elevation model to quantify the spatial distribution of population and development on the nine Asian megadeltas. Bivariate distributions of population as functions of elevation and coastal proximity quantify potential exposure of deltaic populations to flood and coastal hazards. Comparison of these distributions for the Asian megadeltas show very different patterns of habitation with peak population elevations ranging from 2 to 11 m above sea level over a wide range of coastal proximities. Over all nine megadeltas, over 174 million people reside below a peak population elevation of 7 m. Changes in the spatial extent of anthropogenic night light from 1992 to 2012 show widely varying extents and changes of lighted urban development. All of the deltas except the Indus show the greatest increases in night light brightness occurring at elevations < 10 m. At global and continental scales, growth of settlements of all sizes takes the form of evolving spatial networks of development. Spatial networks of lighted urban development in Asia show power law scaling properties consistent with other continents, but much higher rates of growth. The three largest networks of development in China all occur on deltas and adjacent lowlands, and are growing faster than the rest of the urban network in China. Since 2000, the Huanghe Delta + North China Plain urban network has surpassed the Japanese urban network in size and may soon connect with the Changjiang Delta + Yangtze River urban network to form the largest conurbation in Asia.
Stringent limits on the π^0 -> γX, X -> e+e- decay from neutrino experiments and constraints on new light gauge bosons
Creators: name: Gninenko, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report new experimental limits on the π^0 -> γX decay of the neutral pion into a photon and a light boson X followed by the decay X -> e+e-. If this process exist, one would expect a flux of high energy X's produced from π^0's generated by the proton beam in a neutrino target. The X's would then penetrate the downstream shielding and be observed in a neutrino detector via their decays. Using bounds from the NOMAD and PS191 neutrino experiments at CERN that searched for an excess of e+e- pairs from heavy neutrino decays, stringent limits on the branching ratio as small as Br(π^0 -> γX) < 10^{-15} are obtained. These limits are several orders of magnitude smaller than the previous experimental and cosmological bounds. The obtained results are used to constrain models, where the X interacts with quarks and leptons, or it is a new vector boson mixing with photons, that transmits interaction between our world and hidden sectors consisting of SU(3)_C x SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y singlet fields.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Version to appear in PRD
A Broad View of Macroeconomic Stability
Creators: name: Ocampo, Jose A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Economics

description: This broad view of macroeconomic stability should lead to the recognition of the role played by two sets of policy packages, whose relative importance will vary depending on the structural characteristics, the macroeconomic policy tradition and the institutional capacity of each country. The first involves a mix of countercyclical fiscal and monetary policies with appropriate (and, as we will argue, generally intermediate) exchange rate regimes. The second includes a set of capital management techniques aimed at guaranteeing healthy private and public-sector balance sheets. To facilitate economic growth, such interventions through the business cycle should aim at developing sound fiscal systems that provide the necessary resources for the public sector to do its job, a competitive exchange rate and moderate long-term real interest rates. These conditions, together with deep financial markets that provide suitably priced investment finance in domestic currency with sufficiently long maturities, are the best contribution that macroeconomics can make to growth.  The paper is divided in five sections, the first of which is this introduction. The second tries to derive some "stylized facts" about financial and real macroeconomic instability in developing countries. The following two analyze the two policy packages mentioned in the previous paragraph. In lieu of conclusions, the last takes a brief look at the implications of this framework for international cooperation.
A Brief Tutorial on Using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Data Product for SIPS Preparation
Creators: name: Duncan, Bryan N.
name: Geigert, Michael
name: Lamsal, Lok
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Air quality
Air quality--Measurement
Air quality management
Air quality management--Evaluation

description: Although State Implementation Plans (SIPs) typically rely on observations from ground-level monitoring networks and regulatory modeling, satellite data is increasingly available to state agencies. Below is an example of how one state agency used satellite data to supplement a state implementation plan to improve air quality. An advantage of satellite data is that it provides information for a broader area than sampled by ground-based networks. This document provides examples and guidance for using satellite products of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a precursor to ground-level ozone and nitrate aerosol, in state implementation plans. It also provides some guidance on using SO2, a precursor to sulfate aerosol.
Geo-spatial analysis and modelling of water borne diseases in District Multan
Creators: name: Ullah, Hameed
name: ASLAM, RANA WAQAR
name: Rashid Ahmad, Sajid
name: Akram, Muhammad Ameer Nawaz
name: Khalid, Muhammad Burhan
name: Javid, Kanwal
name: Aziz, Aqsa
name: Raza, Danish
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90508 Water Quality Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 40699 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geography
subject: 90903 Geospatial Information Systems
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: Pakistan offers the nation's citizens basic health care with a well-developed primary and public health system but the health sector is underdeveloped in the Southern areas of Punjab and Multan district is prominent area. Multan District has developed and evolved over time, but it still struggles to provide basic health services to its people, especially in rural areas. In rural areas, small health units are springing up, but they are under-equipped, and the workforce is under-trained and uneducated. In the Multan district, a total of 82 BHUs were chosen for this report. Five of the most common diseases in the study region have been identified and affect the population at an alarming rate. In the district of Multan, these five diseases are distributed unequally and affect people in different proportions and result in an annual death rate of 1000 people. In addition, the overall analysis of registered patients into BHUs is geographically represented. People who are diagnosed with different diseases on a yearly basis are often represented using graded colour scheme maps. Water samples were collected from various locations in order to link water-borne diseases to drinking water, as contaminated water is one of the leading causes of these diseases. The study's results showed that areas with low water quality (contaminated water) have a high number of patients (water-borne diseases), proving the study's validity. In rural areas with limited access to basic services and a lack of basic quality-of-life initiatives, a study was conducted to identify water-borne diseases.
title: The joint dynamics of fish stocks and fishing fleets: testing hypotheses in the Bay of Biscay
Creators: name: Rochet, M-J.
name: Daurès, F.
name: van Iseghem, S.
name: Trenkel, V.M.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session O
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
The sea and human culture and societies

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Indicators are being developed for ecosystems, and tools for diagnosing the economic status of a fishery are readily available, but integrated assessment tools are still mostly lacking. Here indicators of stock status, assessed based on abundance and size-based metrics, are brought together with economic indicators: effort, wages and profitability. Catch describes the interaction between the two components and can be summarized by the contributions (share of each fleet in the removal from each stock) and dependencies (share of each stock in the production of each fleet). The analysis focuses on two questions: i) What is the influence of stock status on the performance of fleets? and ii) What is the influence of fleet status on the dynamics of fish stocks? To address these questions, we build a model of the fleet-stock year-to-year dynamics, and analyse its qualitative properties (stability and press-perturbation). From this analysis, assumptions on the joint dynamics of the fish community and fleets can be derived and tested based on indicator time series. In the Bay of Biscay, species diversity is high. Many resources are exploited by a large variety of fleets, and few of the fleets target single species. So the Bay of Biscay provides an appropriate case-study with a diversity of stocks and fleets. The approach is applied to the French fleets for which detailed economic data are available. It is found that over the 2000-2007 period, fishing capacity decreased and drove catch down, but consequences on stock status could not be detected; stock status influenced catch and fleet dynamics only when important changes took place.
A Simple Method for Obtaining the Maximal Correlation Coefficient and Related Characterizations
Creators: name: Papadatos, Nickos
name: Xifara, Tatiana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We provide a method that enables the simple calculation of the maximal correlation coefficient of a bivariate distribution, under suitable conditions. In particular, the method readily applies to known results on order statistics and records. As an application we provide a new characterization of the exponential distribution: Under a splitting model on independent identically distributed observations, it is the (unique, up to a location-scale transformation) parent distribution that maximizes the correlation coefficient between the records among two different branches of the splitting sequence.
description: Journal of Multivariate Analysis (to appear, 19 pages)
Evaluation of wind load on large telescope structure based on performance-based design
Creators: name: Wang, Ryan Po Chao
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Wind loads have been the governing factor that influences structural stability in overwhelmingly large structures. This is particularly of major concern when the analyzed structure in this study is merely a conceptual design. Previous studies have shown reduced pressure on structures due to application of windscreens, and a proposal had been made with preliminary structural analysis performed and proven to be feasible. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the extent of the functionality of the proposed windscreen by utilizing computational fluid dynamics and taking a performance-based design approach with performance objectives determined based on historical environmental data. In addition, different scenarios and boundary conditions are applied to provide a pressure envelope that generalizes the range of pressure experienced by the telescope. Simulation of air flow is performed with CFDesign, and the results obtained supported the previously-made hypothesis suggesting that implementation of windscreen enables pressure reduction. Although in some cases pressure increase is observed, the general trend of decrease dominates the trend of increase. Pressure envelopes for all structural elements are also provided for engineers as a performance-based design guideline based on different impact levels of wind loading. However, further analyses are needed to investigate the possibility of a windscreen of greater height, to emphasize on the simulation of finer details, and to validate the results from this analysis in an actual scaled-model wind tunnel testing if possible.
Guide to Using Satellite Images in Support of Exceptional Event Demonstrations
Creators: name: Geigert, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Air quality
Air quality--Measurement
Wildfires--Environmental aspects

description: The Exceptional Events Rule, contained in Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 50.14 (40CFR50.14), was revised by EPA in October of 2016. Although many elements go into the technical support document for an exceptional event, this guidance will cover the resources available from satellite images and data to support the weight of evidence. The following guidance played a critical role for the State of Connecticut in its successful demonstration to exclude ozone data from May 25-26, 2016 at several of its monitors because of the transport of pollutants from the wildfires at Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada.
Using satellite observed formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as an indicator of ozone sensitivity in a SIP
Creators: name: Jin, Xiaomeng
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Geigert, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Air quality
Air quality--Measurement
Air quality management
Air quality management--Evaluation

description: Although State Implementation Plans (SIPs) typically rely on observations from ground-based networks and regulatory models, satellite data is increasingly available to state agencies and can also inform and supplement state implementation plans to improve air quality. An advantage of satellite data is that it provides information for a broader area than sampled by ground-based networks. This document provides examples and guidance for using satellite products of formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to inform ground-level ozone sensitivity to emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) versus volatile organic compounds (VOC) in state implementation plans. Analysis of changes in ozone sensitivity over periods where emission controls have been implemented can provide insights into the efficacy of those past strategies and the likely efficacy of proposed future emission control programs.
Non-parametric Bayesian drift estimation for stochastic differential equations
Creators: name: Gugushvili, Shota
name: Spreij, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G20 (Primary) 62M05 (Secondary)

description: We consider non-parametric Bayesian estimation of the drift coefficient of a one-dimensional stochastic differential equation from discrete-time observations on the solution of this equation. Under suitable regularity conditions that are weaker than those previosly suggested in the literature, we establish posterior consistency in this context. Furthermore, we show that posterior consistency extends to the multidimensional setting as well, which, to the best of our knowledge, is a new result in this setting.
description: 27 pages
Behind the front line stressors and coping in Border Services Officers
Creators: name: Prasad, Lawrence Rakesh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Eighty one Border Services Officers (BSOs) completed a survey package to explore BSOs’ levels of occupational stress using the Police Stress Questionnaire-Organization (PSQ-Org) and Police Stress Questionnaire – Operational (PSQ-Op). Data analysis explored gender differences, years of service, armed versus unarmed officers and coping styles. Officers reported moderate levels of stress on the PSQ-Org and PSQ-Op across all variables examined. A correlation matrix determined relationships between coping strategies and the PSQ-Org and PSQ-Op. The PSQ-Org was significantly correlated with disengagement coping r = .26, p = < .05 while the PSQ-Op was correlated to both engagement coping r = .28, p = < .05 and disengagement coping r = .35, p = <.01. Gender differences in coping were found as female officers had a significant correlation between engagement coping and the PSQ-Org r = .41, p = < .05 and the PSQ-Op r = .53, p = < .01. Significant correlations between engagement coping and social support coping were also found for female officers r = .67, p = < .01. Male officers reported using disengagement coping which was significantly correlated with all three stress measures PSQ-Org r = .32, p = < .05, PSQ-Op r = .43, p = < .01, and weekly stress r = .32, p = < .05. Qualitative data suggested that BSOs may have experienced role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload associated with organizational stressors comprised of management style and short staffing. Impact of current study on proactive interventions in the workplace is discussed.
Toric Stacks I: The Theory of Stacky Fans
Creators: name: Geraschenko, Anton
name: Satriano, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D23, 14M25

description: The purpose of this paper and its sequel (Toric Stacks II) is to introduce and develop a theory of toric stacks which encompasses and extends the notions of toric stacks defined in [Laf02, BCS05, FMN10, Iwa09, Sat12, Tyo12], as well as classical toric varieties. In this paper, we define a \emph{toric stack} as a quotient of a toric variety by a subgroup of its torus (we also define a generically stacky version). Any toric stack arises from a combinatorial gadget called a \emph{stacky fan}. We develop a dictionary between the combinatorics of stacky fans and the geometry of toric stacks, stressing stacky phenomena such as canonical stacks and good moduli space morphisms. We also show that smooth toric stacks carry a moduli interpretation extending the usual moduli interpretations of $\mathbb{P}^n$ and $[\mathbb{A}^1/\mathbb{G}_m]$. Indeed, smooth toric stacks precisely solve moduli problems specified by (generalized) effective Cartier divisors with given linear relations and given intersection relations. Smooth toric stacks therefore form a natural closure to the class of moduli problems introduced for smooth toric varieties and smooth toric DM stacks in [Cox95] and [Per08], respectively. We include a plethora of examples to illustrate the general theory. We hope that this theory of toric stacks can serve as a companion to an introduction to stacks, in much the same way that toric varieties can serve as a companion to an introduction to schemes.
description: 36 pages (update to match published version)
A simple parametric model for spherical galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Olamaie, M.
name: Hobson, M. P.
name: Grainge, K. J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytic parametric model to describe the baryonic and dark matter distributions in clusters of galaxies with spherical symmetry. It is assumed that the dark matter density follows a Navarro, Frenk and White (NFW) profile and that the gas pressure is described by a generalised NFW (GNFW) profile. By further demanding hydrostatic equilibrium and that the gas fraction is small throughout the cluster, one obtains unique functional forms, dependent on basic cluster parameters, for the radial profiles of all the properties of interest in the cluster. We show these profiles are consistent both with numerical simulations and multi-wavelength observations of clusters. We also use our model to analyse six simulated SZ clusters as well as A611 SZ data from the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI). In each case, we derive the radial profile of the enclosed total mass and the gas pressure and show that the results are in good agreement with our model prediction.
description: 10 pages, 3 table, 17 figures
title: Northern Hake Long Term Management Plan Evaluation including fishermen reaction to Management Advice and Enforcement Strategy
Creators: name: Prellezo, Raúl
name: Garcia, Dorleta
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session O
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
The sea and human culture and societies

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.In this paper, an operating model (OM) which specifically considers the implementation of the management strategy using the private economic reaction of fishermen to the management and the effort applied to implement it (enforcement effort), is proposed. The OM is used to simulate the outcomes of the proposed long term management plan for northern hake in combination with different enforcement effort scenarios. For doing so, the expected management procedure of this stock under the proposed plan is replicated. Results show how increasing enforcement effort produces short run reductions in the real catches, unless given that the management procedure captures the benefits in terms of stock abundance, in the mid-long term, private benefits exceed the short term looses.