cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Jahrbuch / Fachbereich 03, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen ; 2016
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
name: Justus Liebig University Giessen
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Gießen
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: ddc:300

description: Das Leitthema des diesjährigen Jahrbuchs lautet " Gender Studies" und reflektiert damit eine der inhaltlichen Schwerpunktsetzungen am Fachbereich 03.Neben den Kurzvorstellungen der Institute, die für das vorliegende Jahrbuch aktualisiert wurden und Informationen über die Aktivitäten des vergangenen Jahres bieten, wird das Schwerpunktthema des Jahrbuches 2016 vom Querschnitt aller Institute getragen. Die hier durchgeführten Forschungen repräsentieren ein interdisziplinäres Feld von Forschung und Lehre am FB03, das sich mit der gesellschaftlichen Konstitution von Geschlecht als wirkmächtiger sozialer Kategorie und ihren gesellschaftlichen, politischen, ökonomischen und kulturellen Folgen befasst. Dies spiegelt sich in neun Beiträgen zu folgenden Themenfeldern wider:- Genderkompetenz im Lehramtsstudium- Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Pflege- Gender in der beruflichen Bildung- Geschlechterverhältnisse im Kontext von Krise, Rassismus und Rechtspopulismus- Ausgewählte Geschlechterpolitiken europäischer Staaten- Genese der deutschsprachigen Gender Studies- Schulische Sozialisation und Geschlechterkonstruktionen- Weiterbildung von Frauen und Männern- Politische Teilhabe von Frauen mit geistiger Behinderung
The Galactic Contribution to IceCube's Astrophysical Neutrino Flux
Creators: name: Denton, Peter B.
name: Marfatia, Danny
name: Weiler, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High energy neutrinos have been detected by IceCube, but their origin remains a mystery. Determining the sources of this flux is a crucial first step towards multi-messenger studies. In this work we systematically compare two classes of sources with the data: Galactic and extragalactic. We assume that the neutrino sources are distributed according to a class of Galactic models. We build a likelihood function on an event by event basis including energy, event topology, absorption, and direction information. We present the probability that each high energy event with deposited energy $E_{\rm dep}>60$ TeV in the HESE sample is Galactic, extragalactic, or background. For Galactic models considered the Galactic fraction of the astrophysical flux has a best fit value of $1.3\%$ and is $<9.5\%$ at 90\% CL. A zero Galactic flux is allowed at $<1σ$.
description: Updated with 6 year HESE data from IceCube, accepted for publication in JCAP
title: Characterization of autofluorescence and quantitative protoporphyrin IX biomarkers for optical spectroscopy-guided glioma surgery
Creators: name: Black, David
name: Kaneko, Sadahiro
name: Walke, Anna
name: König, Simone
name: Stummer, Walter
name: Suero Molina, Eric Jose
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated fluorescence does not effectively depict low grade gliomas (LGG) or the infiltrative tumor portion of high-grade gliomas (HGG). While spectroscopy improves sensitivity and precision, this is currently limited by autofluorescence and a second protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence state at 620 nm. We investigated the autofluorescence to better characterize the present spectra and thus increase PpIX quantification precision and sensitivity. This study included 128 patients undergoing surgery for malignant glioma. 5-ALA (Gliolan) was administered before anesthesia, and fluorescence was measured using a hyperspectral device. It was found that all 2692 measured spectra consisted of contributions from 620 to 634 nm PpIX, NADH, lipofuscin, and flavins. The basis spectra were characterized and their use in spectral unmixing led to 82.4% lower fitting error for weakly fluorescing areas (p < 0.001), and 92.3% fewer false positive tumor identifications in control measurements (p = 0.0065) compared to previous works. They also decreased the PpIX620 contribution, thus halving the mean Ratio620/634 (p < 0.001). The ratio was approximately 0 for HGGs and increasing for LGGs, as demonstrated previously. Additionally, the Ratio620/634, the MIB-1/Ki-67 proliferation index, and the PpIX peak blue-shift were found to be significantly related to WHO grade, fluorescence visibility, and PpIX contribution (p < 0.001), and the value of these three as quantitative biomarkers is discussed.
description: Finanziert über die DEAL-Vereinbarung mit Wiley 2019-2022.
TREX Build-systems Hackathon
Creators: name: Gamblin, Todd
name: Talirz, Leopold
name: Courtès, Ludovic
name: Mittenzwey, Nico
name: Löhnig, Kai
name: Feld, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The TREX Build-systems Hackathon, was held from 8-12 November 2021, helping teams of one to six developers improve the build scripts of codes they develop supported build systems for this Hackathon are Autotools and CMake.

Some presentations are available on GitHub at this link.
Multiplier algebras of complete Nevanlinna-Pick spaces: dilations, boundary representations and hyperrigidity
Creators: name: Clouâtre, Raphaël
name: Hartz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47L55 (Primary), 46E22, 47A13 (Secondary)

description: We study reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces on the unit ball with the complete Nevanlinna-Pick property through the representation theory of their algebras of multipliers. We give a complete description of the representations in terms of the reproducing kernels. While representations always dilate to $*$-representations of the ambient $C^*$-algebra, we show that in our setting we automatically obtain coextensions. In fact, we show that in many cases, this phenomenon characterizes the complete Nevanlinna-Pick property. We also deduce operator theoretic dilation results which are in the spirit of work of Agler and several other authors. Moreover, we identify all boundary representations, compute the $C^*$-envelopes and determine hyperrigidity for certain analogues of the disc algebra. Finally, we extend these results to spaces of functions on homogeneous subvarieties of the ball.
description: 40 pages; minor changes
Demonstration of a quantum key distribution network in urban fibre-optic communication lines
Creators: name: Kiktenko, E. O.
name: Pozhar, N. O.
name: Duplinskiy, A. V.
name: Kanapin, A. A.
name: Sokolov, A. S.
name: Vorobey, S. S.
name: Miller, A. V.
name: Ustimchik, V. E.
name: Anufriev, M. N.
name: Trushechkin, A. S.
name: Yunusov, R. R.
name: Kurochkin, V. L.
name: Kurochkin, Y. V.
name: Fedorov, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We report the results of the implementation of a quantum key distribution (QKD) network using standard fibre communication lines in Moscow. The developed QKD network is based on the paradigm of trusted repeaters and allows a common secret key to be generated between users via an intermediate trusted node. The main feature of the network is the integration of the setups using two types of encoding, i.e. polarisation encoding and phase encoding. One of the possible applications of the developed QKD network is the continuous key renewal in existing symmetric encryption devices with a key refresh time of up to 14 s.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Jahrbuch / Fachbereich 03, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen ; 2017
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
name: Justus Liebig University Giessen
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Gießen
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: ddc:300

description: Das Jahr 2015 markiert in Bezug auf die Thematisierung von Migration und Flucht in der bundesdeutschen Gesellschaft eine Zäsur: Ausgelöst durch die enorme Fluchtbewegung im Sommer 2015 sind migrationsspezifische und fluchtbezogene Themen, die bis dato nur in einigen wissenschaftlichen Teildisziplinen und spezifischen politischen, juristischen und sozialen Handlungsfeldern auf der Tagesordnung standen, in das Zentrum des öffentlichen Interesses gerückt.Steht der Begriff der Migration ganz grundlegend für Wanderungsprozesse, die sich über nationalstaatliche Grenzen vollziehen, bezieht sich der Begriff der Flucht darauf, dass die Migration nicht freiwillig und geordnet vollzogen wird, sondern als ein Entkommen, als ein Aus- und Aufbruch, was eine Reihe von Nöten und Bedrohungen impliziert, die die Wanderungsbewegung auslösen. Nach den Angaben des Flüchtlingskommissariats der Vereinten Nationen (UNHCR) waren 2015 weltweit ca. 65 Millionen Menschen aus der Flucht (UNHCR 2016, S. 2). Vor diesem Hintergrund drängt sich die Beschäftigung mit Migration und Flucht im wissenschaftlichen Kontext nicht nur als eine Thematik auf, die Gegenstand sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschung ist. So ist die Migrationsforschung zwar ein seit Langem etabliertes interdisziplinäres Feld, das bspw. in der Soziologie, der Erziehungswissenschaft und der Politikwissenschaft zur Institutionalisierung eigener Subdisziplinen oder Forschungsfeldern geführt hat. Allerdings stellen sich mit der Aufnahme und Integration von Geflüchteten auch Herausforderungen, die die Lehre betreffen: Studierende wie Lehrende in Bezug auf das " Fremde" zu sensibilisieren, eigenen Gewohnheiten und kulturellen Gepflogenheiten selbstreflexiv zu begegnen, sich Wissen über Hintergründe, Ursachen und Prozesse von Flucht und das Ankommen in Deutschland anzueignen u.ä. Die im Jahrbuch 2017 versammelten Beiträge zeugen davon. Sie geben einen Einblick in Forschungsarbeiten und lehrbezogene Entwicklungsprojekte des Fachbereichs 03 zu den Themen Migration und Flucht.Das Dekanat möchte Ihnen damit zugleich den Fachbereich Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen vorstellen.Neben den thematischen Beiträgen zu Flucht und Migration beinhaltet das nunmehr fünfte Jahrbuch des Fachbereichs mit Blick auf die jeweils aktuellen Arbeits- und Forschungsschwerpunkte Kurzporträts der sieben Institute des Fachbereichs sowie der Arbeitsstelle Gender Studies.Für die inhaltliche und redaktionelle Betreuung möchten wir uns insbesondere bei Angelika Unger und Marcel Rebenack bedanken. Die Bilder in diesem Jahrbuch entstammen einem Fotoprojekt mit geflüchteten Jugendlichen, das die Fotografin und Studentin des Fachbereichs 03, Anja Schaal, durchgeführt hat. Für die freundliche Bereitstellung der Fotos bedanken wir uns auch bei ihr sehr herzlich. Danken möchten wir nicht zuletzt allen Kolleginnen und Kollegen, die Beiträge zum vorliegenden Jahrbuch beigesteuert haben.
Tripartite entanglement detection through tripartite quantum steering in one-sided and two-sided device-independent scenarios
Creators: name: Jebaratnam, C.
name: Das, Debarshi
name: Roy, Arup
name: Mukherjee, Amit
name: Bhattacharya, Some Sankar
name: Bhattacharya, Bihalan
name: Riccardi, Alberto
name: Sarkar, Debasis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work, we study tripartite quantum steering of quantum correlations arising from two local dichotomic measurements on each side in the two types of partially device-independent scenarios: $1$-sided device-independent scenario where one of the parties performs untrusted measurements while the other two parties perform trusted measurements and $2$-sided device-independent scenario where one of the parties performs trusted measurements while the other two parties perform untrusted measurements. We demonstrate that tripartite steering in the $2$-sided device-independent scenario is weaker than tripartite steering in the $1$-sided device-independent scenario by using two families of quantum correlations. That is these two families of quantum correlations in the $2$-sided device-independent framework detect tripartite entanglement through tripartite steering for a larger region than that in the $1$-sided device-independent framework. It is shown that tripartite steering in the $2$-sided device-independent scenario implies the presence of genuine tripartite entanglement of $2\times 2 \times 2$ quantum system, even if the correlation does not exhibit genuine nonlocality or genuine steering.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review A
Single-shot measurement of the orbital-angular-momentum spectrum of light
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Girish
name: Sahu, Rishabh
name: Magana-Loaiza, Omar S.
name: Boyd, Robert. W.
name: Jha, Anand K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existing methods for measuring the orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) spectrum suffer from issues such as poor efficiency, strict interferometric stability requirements, and too much loss. Furthermore, most techniques inevitably discard part of the field and measure only a post-selected portion of the true spectrum. Here, we propose and demonstrate an interferometric technique for measuring the true OAM spectrum of optical fields in a single-shot manner. Our technique directly encodes the OAM-spectrum information in the azimuthal intensity profile of the output interferogram. In the absence of noise, the spectrum can be fully decoded using a single acquisition of the output interferogram, and, in the presence of noise, acquisition of two suitable interferograms is sufficient for the purpose. As an important application of our technique, we demonstrate measurements of the angular Schmidt spectrum of the entangled photons produced by parametric down-conversion and report a broad spectrum with the angular Schmidt number 82.1.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
X-ray Lags in PDS 456 Revealed by Suzaku Observations
Creators: name: Chiang, Chia-Ying
name: Cackett, E. M.
name: Zoghbi, A.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Kara, E.
name: Parker, M. L.
name: Reynolds, C. S.
name: Walton, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray reverberation lags from the vicinity of supermassive black holes have been detected in almost 30 AGN. The soft lag, which is the time delay between the hard and soft X-ray light curves, is usually interpreted as the time difference between the direct and reflected emission, but is alternatively suggested to arise from the direct and scattering emission from distant clouds. By analysing the archival Suzaku observations totalling an exposure time of ~ 770 ks, we discover a soft lag of $10\pm3.4$ ks at $9.58\times10^{-6}$ Hz in the luminous quasar PDS 456, which is the longest soft lag and lowest Fourier frequency reported to date. In this study, we use the maximum likelihood method to deal with non-continuous nature of the Suzaku light curves. The result follows the mass-scaling relation for soft lags, which further supports that soft lags originate from the innermost areas of AGN and hence are best interpreted by the reflection scenario. Spectral analysis has been performed in this work and we find no evidence of clumpy partial-covering absorbers. The spectrum can be explained by a self-consistent relativistic reflection model with warm absorbers, and spectral variations over epochs can be accounted for by the change of the continuum, and of column density and ionization states of the warm absorbers.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS
Schwarzian derivatives, projective structures, and the Weil-Petersson gradient flow for renormalized volume
Creators: name: Bridgeman, Martin
name: Brock, Jeffrey
name: Bromberg, Kenneth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32G15, 32Q45, 51P05

description: To a complex projective structure $Σ$ on a surface, Thurston associates a locally convex pleated surface. We derive bounds on the geometry of both in terms of the norms $\|ϕ_Σ\|_\infty$ and $\|ϕ_Σ\|_2$ of the quadratic differential $ϕ_Σ$ of $Σ$ given by the Schwarzian derivative of the associated locally univalent map. We show that these give a unifying approach that generalizes a number of important, well known results for convex cocompact hyperbolic structures on 3-manifolds, including bounds on the Lipschitz constant for the nearest-point retraction and the length of the bending lamination. We then use these bounds to begin a study of the Weil-Petersson gradient flow of renormalized volume on the space $CC(N)$ of convex cocompact hyperbolic structures on a compact manifold $N$ with incompressible boundary, leading to a proof of the conjecture that the renormalized volume has infimum given by one-half the simplicial volume of $DN$, the double of $N$.
description: 20 pages, 0 figures
Four-wave mixing in a non-degenerate four-level diamond configuration in the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime
Creators: name: Whiting, Daniel J.
name: Mathew, Renju S.
name: Keaveney, James
name: Adams, Charles S.
name: Hughes, Ifan G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental study of seeded four-wave mixing (4WM) using a diamond excitation scheme (with states from the 5S$_{1/2}$, 5P$_{1/2}$, 5P$_{3/2}$ and 5D$_{3/2}$ terms) in a thermal vapour of $^{87}$Rb atoms. We investigate the 4WM spectra under the application of a strong magnetic field (0.6 T). The Zeeman interaction is strong enough to realise the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime, which has the effect of separating the optical transitions by more than the Doppler width, thereby significantly simplifying the spectral features. We show that this facilitates a quantitative comparison, even in the regime of strong dressing, between experimental data and a simple theoretical model based only on four-level optical Bloch equations.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Toward Quantum Combinatorial Games
Creators: name: Dorbec, Paul
name: Mhalla, Mehdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a Quantum variation of combinatorial games, generalizing the Quantum Tic-Tac-Toe proposed by Allan Goff. A combinatorial game is a two-player game with no chance and no hidden information, such as Go or Chess. In this paper, we consider the possibility of playing superpositions of moves in such games. We propose different rulesets depending on when superposed moves should be played, and prove that all these rulesets may lead similar games to different outcomes. We then consider Quantum variations of the game of Nim. We conclude with some discussion on the relative interest of the different rulesets.
Notes on Born-Infeld-type electrodynamics
Creators: name: Kruglov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new model of nonlinear electrodynamics with three parameters. Born-Infeld electrodynamics and exponential electrodynamics are particular cases of this model. The phenomenon of vacuum birefringence is studied. We show that there is not singularity of the electric field at the origin of point-like charged particles. The corrections to Coulomb's law at $r\rightarrow\infty$ are obtained. We calculate the total electrostatic energy of charges for different parameters of the model which is finite.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, extended journal version, to appear in MPLA
Cusp-shaped Elastic Creases and Furrows
Creators: name: Karpitschka, S.
name: Eggers, J.
name: Pandey, A.
name: Snoeijer, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surfaces of growing biological tissues, swelling gels, and compressed rubbers do not remain smooth, but frequently exhibit highly localized inward folds. We reveal the morphology of this surface folding in a novel experimental setup, which permits to deform the surface of a soft gel in a controlled fashion. The interface first forms a sharp furrow, whose tip size decreases rapidly with deformation. Above a critical deformation, the furrow bifurcates to an inward folded crease of vanishing tip size. We show experimentally and numerically that both creases and furrows exhibit a universal cusp-shape, whose width scales like $y^{3/2}$ at a distance $y$ from the tip. We provide a similarity theory that captures the singular profiles before and after the self-folding bifurcation, and derive the length of the fold from large deformation elasticity.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Enhanced Uptake of Anticancer C6-Pep Dimer in a Model Membrane Caused by Differential pKa in Acidic Microenvironment
Creators: name: Srivastava, Diship
name: Patra, Niladri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Supplementary information for manuscript "Enhanced Uptake of Anticancer C6-Pep Dimer in a Model Membrane Caused by Differential pKa in Acidic Microenvironment" by Diship Srivastava and Niladri Patra, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad - 826004, India email : npatra2@iitism.ac.in
A $Sim(2)$ invariant dimensional regularization
Creators: name: Alfaro, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a $Sim(2)$ invariant dimensional regularization of loop integrals. Then we compute the one loop quantum corrections to the photon self energy, electron self energy and vertex in the Electrodynamics sector of the Very Special Relativity Standard Model(VSRSM).
description: 11 pages, latex
Renormalization and radiative corrections to masses in a general Yukawa model
Creators: name: Fox, M.
name: Grimus, W.
name: Löschner, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a model with arbitrary numbers of Majorana fermion fields and real scalar fields $φ_a$, general Yukawa couplings and a $\mathbb{Z}_4$ symmetry that forbids linear and trilinear terms in the scalar potential. Moreover, fermions become massive only after spontaneous symmetry breaking of the $\mathbb{Z}_4$ symmetry by vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of the $φ_a$. Introducing the shifted fields $h_a$ whose VEVs vanish, $\overline{\mbox{MS}}$ renormalization of the parameters of the unbroken theory suffices to make the theory finite. However, in this way, beyond tree level it is necessary to perform finite shifts of the tree-level VEVs, induced by the finite parts of the tadpole diagrams, in order to ensure vanishing one-point functions of the $h_a$. Moreover, adapting the renormalization scheme to a situation with many scalars and VEVs, we consider the physical fermion and scalar masses as derived quantities, $\textit{i.e.}$ as functions of the coupling constants and VEVs. Consequently, the masses have to be computed order by order in a perturbative expansion. In this scheme we compute the selfenergies of fermions and bosons and show how to obtain the respective one-loop contributions to the tree-level masses. Furthermore, we discuss the modification of our results in the case of Dirac fermions and investigate, by way of an example, the effects of a flavour symmetry group.
description: 28 pages, 2 figures. Reference added, results unchanged, typos corrected, clarifying comments and motivations added
Access to Education, Housing and the Labour Market: A Legal Comparison between Beneficiaries of International Protection and Temporary Protection in Belgium
Creators: name: van den Bogaard, Roos-Marie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This poster depicts the case study on access to housing of the PhD research by Roos-Marie van den Bogaard, which is titled "Access to education, employment and housing for beneficiaries of temporary protection and international protection in Belgium: an analysis from a non-discrimination perspective". The PhD is part of the REFUFAM project “From policy gaps to policy innovations. Strengthening the well-being and integration pathways of refugee families”, a BRAIN-be 2.0 project funded by Belspo and carried out by a consortium of research partners (Odisee University College, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) and Ghent University).
Transverse Energy per Charged Particle in Heavy-Ion Collisions: Role of Collective Flow
Creators: name: Tiwari, Swatantra Kumar
name: Sahoo, Raghunath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ratio of (pseudo)rapidity density of transverse energy and the (pseudo)rapidity density of charged particles, which is a measure of the mean transverse energy per particle, is an important observable in high energy heavy-ion collisions, which reveals about the mechanism of particle production and the freeze-out criteria. Its collision energy and centrality dependence is exactly like the chemical freeze-out temperature till top RHIC energy. The LHC measurement at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV brings up new challenges to rule out the mechanisms of gluon saturation or non-equilibrium phenomena being prevalent at high energies, which could contribute to the above observable. The Statistical Hadron Gas Model (SHGM) with a static fireball approximation has been successful in describing both the centrality and energy dependence till top RHIC energies. However, the SHGM predictions for higher energies are highly underestimated by the LHC data. In order to understand this, we have incorporated radial flow effect in an excluded volume SHGM. The hard-core radius of baryons at lower collision energies plays an important role in the description of a hadronic system. In view of this, in order to make a complete energy dependence study from FAIR to LHC energies, we have considered an excluded volume SHGM. Our studies suggest that the collective flow plays an important role in describing $E_{T}/N_{ch}$ and it could be one of the possible parameters to explain the jump observed in $E_{T}/N_{ch}$ from RHIC to LHC energies. Predictions for the LHC measurements at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV are given.
description: Same as published version in EPJA
Weighted mesh algorithms for general Markov decision processes: Convergence and tractability
Creators: name: Belomestny, Denis
name: Schoenmakers, John G. M.
name: Zorina, Veronika
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Markov decision processes
subject: mesh method
subject: tractability
subject: 90C40
subject: 65C05
subject: 62G08

description: We introduce a mesh-type approach for tackling discrete-time, finite-horizon Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) characterized by state and action spaces that are general, encompassing both finite and infinite (yet suitably regular) subsets of Euclidean space. In particular, for bounded state and action spaces, our algorithm achieves a computational complexity that is tractable in the sense of Novak & Wozniakowski, and is polynomial in the time horizon. For unbounded state space the algorithm is ``semi-tractable'' in the sense that the complexity is proportional to ε  -c  with some dimension independent c ≥ 2, for achieving an accuracy ε and polynomial in the time horizon with degree linear in the underlying dimension. As such the proposed approach has some flavor of the randomization method by Rust which deals with infinite horizon MDPs and uniform sampling in compact state space. However, the present approach is essentially different due to the finite horizon and a simulation procedure due to general transition distributions, and more general in the sense that it encompasses unbounded state space. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm, we provide illustrations based on Linear-Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control problems.
Running women or women runners: Does identity salience affect intention to exercise outside and feelings of safety?
Creators: name: Skilton, Lisa
name: McMahon, Grace
name: Muldoon, Orla
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Safety concerns for women are prevalent and influence their likelihood to exercise outside. While some women modify their exercise behaviour due to safety concerns, others exercise outside more freely. In this paper, two experiments are reported with women runners to examine whether making their identity as a runner or a woman salient changed their self-reported likelihood of exercising outside, sense of safety and personal safety anxiety. While study 1 (n = 153) found no significant experimental effect, it revealed a trend: women whose runner identity was made salient were more likely to self-report their willingness to exercise outside than those in the gender identity condition. Study 2 (n = 236) was conducted to examine this trend further. The second study employed a larger sample size and a more robust manipulation of social identity salience. A significant effect of the experimental condition on women's sense of safety was observed. Specifically, women in the runner identity salience condition had significantly greater feelings of safety than women in the gender identity salience condition. A similar trend emerged for self-reported likelihood to exercise outside. These findings corroborate prior research on the impact of identity salience on intention to engage in health behaviours. They contribute to the existing body of literature on the intricate interplay between women's physical activity intentions and safety concerns. Furthermore, these findings could aid in the development of interventions to increase women's physical activity levels.
Noise induced transition in Josephson junction with second harmonic
Creators: name: Bhadra, Nivedita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show a noise-induced transition in Josephson junction with fundamental as well as second harmonic. A periodically modulated multiplicative colored noise can stabilize an unstable configuration in such a system. The stabilization of the unstable configuration has been captured in the effective potential of the system obtained by integrating out the high-frequency components of the noise. This is a classical approach to understand the stability of an unstable configuration due to the presence of such stochasticity in the system and our numerical analysis confirms the prediction from the analytical calculation.
description: 6 pages,4 figures
Constraining the contribution of active galactic nuclei to reionisation
Creators: name: Hassan, Sultan
name: Davé, Romeel
name: Mitra, Sourav
name: Finlator, Kristian
name: Ciardi, Benedetta
name: Santos, Mario G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results have suggested that active galactic nuclei (AGN) could provide enough photons to reionise the Universe. We assess the viability of this scenario using a semi-numerical framework for modeling reionisation, to which we add a quasar contribution by constructing a Quasar Halo Occupation Distribution (QHOD) based on Giallongo et al. observations. Assuming a constant QHOD, we find that an AGN-only model cannot simultaneously match observations of the optical depth $τ_e$, neutral fraction, and ionising emissivity. Such a model predicts $τ_e$ too low by $\sim 2σ$ relative to Planck constraints, and reionises the Universe at $z\lesssim 5$. Arbitrarily increasing the AGN emissivity to match these results yields a strong mismatch with the observed ionising emissivity at $z\sim 5$. If we instead assume a redshift-independent AGN luminosity function yielding an emissivity evolution like that assumed in Madau & Haardt model, then we can match $τ_e$ albeit with late reionisation, however such evolution is inconsistent with observations at $z\sim 4-6$ and poorly motivated physically. These results arise because AGN are more biased towards massive halos than typical reionising galaxies, resulting in stronger clustering and later formation times. AGN-dominated models produce larger ionising bubbles that are reflected in $\sim\times 2$ more 21cm power on all scales. A model with equal parts galaxies and AGN contribution is still (barely) consistent with observations, but could be distinguished using next-generation 21cm experiments HERA and SKA-low. We conclude that, even with recent claims of more faint AGN than previously thought, AGN are highly unlikely to dominate the ionising photon budget for reionisation.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, matches the accepted version for publication in MNRAS, 2017
A new method for Lake Ice Extent retrieval for Northern Hemisphere
Creators: name: Kirsikka, Heinilä
name: Metsämäki, Sari
name: Väkevä, Sakari
name: Schwaizer, Gabriele
name: Keuris, Lars
name: Luojus, Kari
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: lake ice
Norther Hemisphere
Service
Copernicus
Arctic PASSION
Sentinel
SLSTR

description: A poster presentation about a new method for Lake Ice Extent retrieval for Northern Hemisphere. This method is exploited in provision of 500m Lake Ice Extent Northern Hemisphere (LIE-NH) as one of the cryosphere products in the Copernicus Global Land Service. The LIE-NH product is also available in the Lake Ice Service for Arctic Climate and Safety (https://testbed.ymparisto.fi/eo-tarkka/mapandwaterareas/ ).
An Approach to Autonomous Science by Modeling Geological Knowledge in a Bayesian Framework
Creators: name: Arora, Akash
name: Fitch, Robert
name: Sukkarieh, Salah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autonomous Science is a field of study which aims to extend the autonomy of exploration robots from low level functionality, such as on-board perception and obstacle avoidance, to science autonomy, which allows scientists to specify missions at task level. This will enable more remote and extreme environments such as deep ocean and other planets to be studied, leading to significant science discoveries. This paper presents an approach to extend the high level autonomy of robots by enabling them to model and reason about scientific knowledge on-board. We achieve this by using Bayesian networks to encode scientific knowledge and adapting Monte Carlo Tree Search techniques to reason about the network and plan informative sensing actions. The resulting knowledge representation and reasoning framework is anytime, handles large state spaces and robust to uncertainty making it highly applicable to field robotics. We apply the approach to a Mars exploration mission in which the robot is required to plan paths and decide when to use its sensing modalities to study a scientific latent variable of interest. Extensive simulation results show that our approach has significant performance benefits over alternative methods. We also demonstrate the practicality of our approach in an analog Martian environment where our experimental rover, Continuum, plans and executes a science mission autonomously.
description: To be presented at IROS 2017
CONDUCTION OF HEAT THROUGH THE THIN AND STRAIGHT TRIANGULAR FIN
Creators: name: Gupta, Rohit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Solid mechanics
Mathematical methods and special functions
Theoretical and applied mechanics

description: Heat conduction takes place through the medium from particle to particle without the actual movements of the particles of the medium due to temperature gradient in the direction where temperature decreases. In practical situations where maximum heat conduction per unit weight at low cost is required the fins (also known as extended surfaces) of varying cross-sections like triangular fins or hyperbolic fins or parabolic fins are used. The paper discusses the theory of thin and straight triangular fin to obtain the heat conducted through it via means of the Elzaki Transform Method.
Supervised Quantum Learning without Measurements
Creators: name: Alvarez-Rodriguez, Unai
name: Lamata, Lucas
name: Escandell-Montero, Pablo
name: Martín-Guerrero, José D.
name: Solano, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a quantum machine learning algorithm for efficiently solving a class of problems encoded in quantum controlled unitary operations. The central physical mechanism of the protocol is the iteration of a quantum time-delayed equation that introduces feedback in the dynamics and eliminates the necessity of intermediate measurements. The performance of the quantum algorithm is analyzed by comparing the results obtained in numerical simulations with the outcome of classical machine learning methods for the same problem. The use of time-delayed equations enhances the toolbox of the field of quantum machine learning, which may enable unprecedented applications in quantum technologies.
Perturbative Power Counting, Lowest-Index Operators and Their Renormalization in Standard Model Effective Field Theory
Creators: name: Liao, Yi
name: Ma, Xiao-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two aspects of higher dimensional operators in standard model effective field theory. We first introduce a perturbative power counting rule for the entries in the anomalous dimension matrix of operators with equal mass dimension. The power counting is determined by the number of loops and the difference of the indices of the two operators involved, which in turn is defined by assuming that all terms in the standard model Lagrangian have an equal perturbative power. Then we show that the operators with the lowest index are unique at each mass dimension $d$, i.e., $(H^\dagger H)^{d/2}$ for even $d\geq 4$, and $(L^TεH)C(L^TεH)^T(H^\dagger H)^{(d-5)/2}$ for odd $d\geq 5$. Here $H,~L$ are the Higgs and lepton doublet, and $ε,~C$ the antisymmetric matrix of rank two and the charge conjugation matrix, respectively. The renormalization group running of these operators can be studied separately from other operators of equal mass dimension at the leading order in power counting. We compute their anomalous dimensions at one loop for general $d$ and find that they are enhanced quadratically in $d$ due to combinatorics. We also make connections with classification of operators in terms of their holomorphic and anti-holomorphic weights.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; v2: added a few refs and one sentence, without other changes; v3: minor rewording, published version
Search for Heavy Neutrinos in $K^+ \rightarrow μ^+ ν_μ$ Decays
Creators: name: The NA62 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NA62 experiment recorded a large sample of $K^+ \rightarrow μ^+ ν_μ$ decays in 2007. A peak search has been performed in the reconstructed missing mass spectrum. In the absence of a signal, limits in the range $2 \times 10^{-6}$ to $10^{-5}$ have been set on the squared mixing matrix element $|U_{\mu4} |^2$ between muon and heavy neutrino states, for heavy neutrino masses in the range 300-375 MeV/$c^2$. The result extends the range of masses for which upper limits have been set on the value of $|U_{\mu4} |^2$ in previous production search experiments.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. Published in Physics Letters B
Small cells in a Poisson hyperplane tessellation
Creators: name: Bonnet, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60D05, 52A22

description: Until now, little was known about properties of small cells in a Poisson hyperplane tessellation. The few existing results were either heuristic or applying only to the two dimensional case and for very specific size functionals and directional distributions. This paper fills this gap by providing a systematic study of small cells in a Poisson hyperplane tessellation of arbitrary dimension, arbitrary directional distribution $φ$ and with respect to an arbitrary size functional $Σ$. More precisely, we investigate the distribution of the typical cell $Z$, conditioned on the event $\{Σ(Z)0$, and increasing with respect to set inclusion. We focus on the number of facets and the shape of such small cells. We show in various general settings that small cells tend to minimize the number of facets and that they have a non degenerated limit shape distribution which depends on the size $Σ$ and the directional distribution. We also exhibit a class of directional distribution for which cells with small inradius do not tend to minimize the number of facets.
description: 20 pages, 1 table, 1 figure
High redshift radio galaxies and divergence from the CMB dipole
Creators: name: Colin, J.
name: Mohayaee, R.
name: Rameez, M.
name: Sarkar, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies have found our velocity in the rest frame of radio galaxies at high redshift to be substantially larger than that inferred from the CMB temperature dipole anisotropy. We construct a full sky catalogue NVSUMSS, by merging the NVSS and SUMSS catalogues and removing local sources by various means including cross-correlating with the 2MRS catalogue. We take into account both aberration and Doppler boost to deduce our velocity from the hemispherical number count asymmetry, as well as via a 3-dimensional linear estimator. Both the magnitude and direction depend on cuts made to the catalogue, e.g. on the lowest source flux, however these effects are small. With the hemispheric number count asymmetry method we obtain a velocity of 1729 $\pm$ 187 km/s i.e. about 4 times larger than that obtained from the CMB dipole, but close in direction, towards RA=149 $\pm$ 2 degree, DEC = -17 $\pm$ 12 degree. With the 3-dimensional estimator, the derived velocity is 1355 $\pm$ 174 km/s towards RA=141 $\pm$ 11 degree, DEC=-9 $\pm$ 10 degree. We assess the statistical significance of these results by constructing catalogues of random distributions and show that they are at best significant at the $2.81 σ$ (99.95% confidence) level.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, 10 tables; matches published version
An infinite dimensional umbral calculus
Creators: name: Finkelshtein, Dmitri
name: Kondratiev, Yuri
name: Lytvynov, Eugene
name: Oliveira, Maria Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A40, 46E50, 60H40, 60G55

description: The aim of this paper is to develop foundations of umbral calculus on the space $\mathcal D'$ of distributions on $\mathbb R^d$, which leads to a general theory of Sheffer polynomial sequences on $\mathcal D'$. We define a sequence of monic polynomials on $\mathcal D'$, a polynomial sequence of binomial type, and a Sheffer sequence. We present equivalent conditions for a sequence of monic polynomials on $\mathcal D'$ to be of binomial type or a Sheffer sequence, respectively. We also construct a lifting of a sequence of monic polynomials on $\mathbb R$ of binomial type to a polynomial sequence of binomial type on $\mathcal D'$, and a lifting of a Sheffer sequence on $\mathbb R$ to a Sheffer sequence on $\mathcal D'$. Examples of lifted polynomial sequences include the falling and rising factorials on $\mathcal D'$, Abel, Hermite, Charlier, and Laguerre polynomials on $\mathcal D'$. Some of these polynomials have already appeared in different branches of infinite dimensional (stochastic) analysis and played there a fundamental role.
A detection of wobbling Brightest Cluster Galaxies within massive galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Harvey, David
name: Courbin, F.
name: Kneib, J. P.
name: McCarthy, Ian G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A striking signal of dark matter beyond the standard model is the existence of cores in the centre of galaxy clusters. Recent simulations predict that a Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG) inside a cored galaxy cluster will exhibit residual wobbling due to previous major mergers, long after the relaxation of the overall cluster. This phenomenon is absent with standard cold dark matter where a cuspy density profile keeps a BCG tightly bound at the centre. We test this hypothesis using cosmological simulations and deep observations of 10 galaxy clusters acting as strong gravitational lenses. Modelling the BCG wobble as a simple harmonic oscillator, we measure the wobble amplitude, $A_w$, in the BAHAMAS suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, finding an upper limit for the CDM paradigm of $A_w < 2$kpc at the 95% confidence limit. We carry out the same test on the data finding a non-zero amplitude of $A_w=11.82^{+7.3}_{-3.0}$kpc, with the observations dis-favouring $A_w = 0$ at the 3$σ$ confidence level. This detection of BCG wobbling is evidence for a dark matter core at the heart of galaxy clusters. It also shows that strong lensing models of clusters cannot assume that the BCG is exactly coincident with the large scale halo. While our small sample of galaxy clusters already indicates a non-zero $A_w$, with larger surveys, e.g. Euclid, we will be able to not only to confirm the effect but also to use it to determine whether or not the wobbling finds its origin in new fundamental physics or astrophysical process.
description: Accepted MNRAS