cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 10 of Pulmonary dust foci as rat pneumoconiosis lesion induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in 13-week inhalation study
Creators: name: Yamano, Shotaro
name: Goto, Yuko
name: Takeda, Tomoki
name: Hirai, Shigeyuki
name: Furukawa, Yusuke
name: Kikuchi, Yoshinori
name: Kasai, Tatsuya
name: Misumi, Kyohei
name: Suzuki, Masaaki
name: Takanobu, Kenji
name: Senoh, Hideki
name: Saito, Misae
name: Kondo, Hitomi
name: Umeda, Yumi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 10: Fig. S10. Representative microscopic photographs of Masson’s trichrome and EVG staining in pulmonary dust foci and a pulmonary artery. Both stains were strongly positive in the arterial wall within the lung (right), but negative in the interstitium of the pulmonary dust foci (left). Abbreviations: EVG, Elastica Van Gieson.
Calibration of a Micromegas-based Gaseous Time Projection Chamber Using Cosmic Ray Muons
Creators: name: Zhang, Wenming
name: Liu, Yuanchun
name: Du, Haiyan
name: Han, Ke
name: Lin, Heng
name: Li, Tao
name: Luo, Lingyin
name: Ni, Kaixiang
name: Peng, Yunzhi
name: Wang, Shaobo
name: Wen, Sicheng
name: Yan, Xiyu
name: Zhang, Zhiyong
name: Zhai, Wenchang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the calibration of a gaseous Time Projection Chamber based on Micromegas charge readout modules with cosmic ray muons, utilizing their penetrating power and relatively uniform energy deposition per unit length. Muon events were selected through track reconstruction to characterize detector performances, such as the drift velocity, electron lifetime, detector gain, and electric field distortion. The evolution of detector performances with gas purities and electric drift fields over a 50-day data-taking cycle was measured by the muon calibration method. For instance, the drift velocity degraded with gas impurities from ${3.40\pm 0.07 ~ cm/μs}$ to ${3.06\pm 0.06 ~ cm/μs}$, and then recovered with gas purification. A ${^{137}Cs}$ calibration source was also placed inside the detector as a reference for muon calibrations.
SANDD: A directional antineutrino detector with segmented 6Li-doped pulse-shape-sensitive plastic scintillator
Creators: name: Brodsky, Jason
name: Sutanto, Felicia
name: Duvall, Mark
name: Li, Viacheslav
name: Bowden, Nathaniel
name: Xianyi Zhang
name: Mabe, Andrew
name: Reedy, Edward
name: Dazeley, Steven
name: Classen, Timothy
name: Jovanovic, Igor
name: Oluwatomi Akindele
name: Mendenhall, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: We present a complete characterization of a small (9-liter) and mobile 6Li-doped pulse-shape-sensitive plastic scintillator antineutrino detector called SANDD (Segmented AntiNeutrino Directional Detector), constructed for the purpose of near-field reactor monitoring with sensitivity to antineutrino direction. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation code was developed and validated to model the performance of the detector. Analysis cuts were developed to maximize the antineutrino detection efficiency and minimize the background. The antineutrino detection efficiency is estimated to be 18%. An uncertainty of 23 degrees in the direction of the reactor antineutrino flux is predicted from 100 detected antineutrino events. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, LDRD tracking number 17-ERD-016 and 20-SI-003, release number LLNL-ABS-807668].
Hamiltonian Dynamics of Preferential Attachment
Creators: name: Zuev, Konstantin
name: Papadopoulos, Fragkiskos
name: Krioukov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prediction and control of network dynamics are grand-challenge problems in network science. The lack of understanding of fundamental laws driving the dynamics of networks is among the reasons why many practical problems of great significance remain unsolved for decades. Here we study the dynamics of networks evolving according to preferential attachment, known to approximate well the large-scale growth dynamics of a variety of real networks. We show that this dynamics is Hamiltonian, thus casting the study of complex networks dynamics to the powerful canonical formalism, in which the time evolution of a dynamical system is described by Hamilton's equations. We derive the explicit form of the Hamiltonian that governs network growth in preferential attachment. This Hamiltonian turns out to be nearly identical to graph energy in the configuration model, which shows that the ensemble of random graphs generated by preferential attachment is nearly identical to the ensemble of random graphs with scale-free degree distributions. In other words, preferential attachment generates nothing but random graphs with power-law degree distribution. The extension of the developed canonical formalism for network analysis to richer geometric network models with non-degenerate groups of symmetries may eventually lead to a system of equations describing network dynamics at small scales.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Characterization of 180 nm CMOS Technology at 100 mK for Rare Event Searches
Creators: name: Grace, Carl
name: Mei, Yuan
name: Gnani, Dario
name: Papadopoulou, Aikaterini
name: Huang, Roger
name: Kolomensky, Yury
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Cryogenic electronics manufactured using conventional CMOS processes but operated at temperatures of 4 K have recently attracted interest as low-noise amplifiers and precision controllers. The neutrinoless double beta decay experiment CUORE operates 988 individual detectors at base temperatures of about 10 mK but uses room temperature electronics for sensor readout. The next-generation experiment CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle ID) will build upon CUORE's cryogenic infrastructure, providing an opportunity to upgrade the electronics chain. CMOS microelectronics operated at temperatures as low as 100 mK or below offer an alternative approach to signal preamplification in CUPID, but there exists little prior work exploring CMOS device characteristics in this temperature region. We present a characterization of 180 nm CMOS technology down to 100 mK, which can be used to inform the design of cryogenic electronics for a variety of applications, including deployment in CUPID.
How to reject spallation backgrounds by cosmic-ray muons with KamLAND
Creators: name: Hachiya, Takahiko
name: Yuto Kamei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Cosmic-ray muons produce spallation products which can be serious backgrounds for rare-event detection experiments. In the Kamioka liquid scintillator anti-neutrino detector (KamLAND), short-lived spallation products e.g. $^{10}$C are one of dominant backgrounds. We show recent methods of rejecting spallation products in KamLAND. New deadtime-free data acquisition system, called MoGURA (Module for General-Use Rapid Application), was introduced for detecting neutrons just after cosmic-ray muons which make noisy data. The spallation products are tagged by a triple coincidence of muon, gamma-ray emitted by neutron capture and the decay of itself. If neutrons are not tagged, the new following method is available. The spallation products are often produced accompany with a hadronic shower. The new spallation cut uses a correlation between an energy loss of a muon and a spallation decay. Combining these tagging methods, we achieved ~95% rejection efficiency of $^{10}$C.
A dual-readout cryogenic detector for double-beta decay: the CUPID-0 experiment
Creators: name: Colantoni, Ivan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: A convincing observation of neutrino-less double beta decay (0𝜈DBD) relies on the possibility of operating high-energy resolution detectors in background-free conditions. Scintillating cryogenic calorimeters are one of the most promising tools to fulfill the requirements for a next-generation experiment. Several steps have been taken to demonstrate the maturity of this technique, starting from the successful experience of CUPID-0. The CUPID-0 experiment demonstrated the complete rejection of the dominant alpha background measuring the lowest counting rate in the region of interest for this technique. Furthermore, the most stringent limit on the Se-82 0𝜈DBD was established running 26 ZnSe crystals. In this contribution we present the final results of CUPID-0 including a detailed model of the background, the measurement of the 2𝜈DBD half-life and the evidence that this nuclear transition is single state dominated.
A TCCM-Based Review of Consumer Behaviour Towards Digital Voice Assistants and Future Research Agenda
Creators: name: Chahal, Hardeep
name: Mahajan, Mehak
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cancer
Science Policy

description: This Systematic Literature Review explores the evolving landscape of consumer behaviour towards DVAs using the TCCM (Theory-Context-Characteristics-Methodology) framework. Through a comprehensive analysis of 64 research papers sourced from the Scopus database, indexed in the ABDC (Australian Business Deans Council) category list, and published until December 2023, we uncover pivotal themes and significant knowledge gaps in the current body of research. The findings show that most studies on consumer-DVA interactions are empirical in nature, predominantly focused on the shopping and hospitality sectors, and grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) frameworks. Applying the TCCM framework, this paper uncovers fertile ground for future research, highlighting opportunities for further exploration and development. Building on the identified research gaps and our insights, we present integrated frameworks on consumer behaviour towards DVAs. Additionally, we provide actionable recommendations for DVA researchers, developers, and marketers, highlighting critical areas for future research, such as integrating sentiment analysis and emotional recognition capabilities. We also propose tailored strategies, including customizable DVA personalities and engaging voice experiences, to enhance consumer engagement and brand loyalty. The paper concludes with a summary of limitations and key findings.
Critical Current of a Granular d-wave superconductor
Creators: name: Afsaneh, E.
name: Yavari, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81S99

description: The twist angle γ dependence of the Josephson critical current of d-wave superconductors in one junction and a granular system is considered. Our results show that the twist angle γ dependence of the d-wave Josephson critical current is the same for one junction and a granular system. The magnetic field dependences of the critical-current of a granular d-wave superconductor has also been determined by considering the rectangular and circular junction model of an array of small superconducting particles which interacting by Josephson coupling through insulating barriers. We will show that in the case of circular model, the critical current of the Josephson current is larger than that of rectangular one.
description: 14 pages,6 figuares. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:cond-mat/0603522, arXiv:cond-mat/9411104 by other authors
Type Ia Supernova Explosions in Binary Systems: A Review
Creators: name: Liu, Zheng-Wei
name: Roepke, Friedrich K.
name: Han, Zhanwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SNe Ia play a key role in the fields of astrophysics and cosmology. It is widely accepted that SNe Ia arise from thermonuclear explosions of WDs in binaries. However, there is no consensus on the fundamental aspects of the nature of SN Ia progenitors and their explosion mechanism. This fundamentally flaws our understanding of these important astrophysical objects. We outline the diversity of SNe Ia and the proposed progenitor models and explosion mechanisms. We discuss the recent theoretical and observational progress in addressing the SN Ia progenitor and explosion mechanism in terms of the observables at various stages of the explosion, including rates and delay times, pre-explosion companion stars, ejecta-companion interaction, early excess emission, early radio/X-ray emission from CSM interaction, surviving companions, late-time spectra and photometry, polarization signals, and SNR properties, etc. Despite the efforts from both the theoretical and observational side, the questions of how the WDs reach an explosive state and what progenitor systems are more likely to produce SNe Ia remain open. No single published model is able to consistently explain all observational features and the full diversity of SNe Ia. This may indicate that either a new progenitor paradigm or the improvement of current models is needed if all SNe Ia arise from the same origin. An alternative scenario is that different progenitor channels and explosion mechanisms contribute to SNe Ia. In the next decade, the ongoing campaigns with the JWST, Gaia and the ZTF, and upcoming extensive projects with the LSST and the SKA will allow us to conduct not only studies of individual SNe Ia in unprecedented detail but also systematic investigations for different subclasses of SNe Ia. This will advance theory and observations of SNe Ia sufficiently far to gain a deeper understanding of their origin and explosion mechanism.
description: An invited review (accepted for publication in RAA)
Text-Driven Forecasting
Creators: name: Smith, Noah A.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Forecasting the future hinges on understanding the present. The web—particularly the social web—now gives us an up-to-the-minute snapshot of the world as it is and as it is perceived by many people, right now, but that snapshot is distributed in a way that is incomprehensible to a human. Much of this data is encoded in text, which is noisy, unstructured, and sparse; yet recent developments in natural language processing now permit us to analyze text and connect it to real-world measurable phenomena through statistical models. We propose text-driven forecasting as a challenge for natural language processing and machine learning:

Given a body of text T pertinent to a social phenomenon, make a concrete prediction about a measurement M of that phenomenon, obtainable only in the future, that rivals the best-known methods for forecasting M.

We seek methods that work in many settings, for many kinds of text and many kinds of measurements.
Accurate text-driven forecasting will be of use to the intelligence community, policymakers, and businesses. The use of statistical models is the norm of natural language processing methods, making it straightforward to develop models that provide posterior probabilities over measurements. Evaluation and comparison of forecasting algorithms is straightforward and inexpensive. We present encouraging recent results across several domains, emphasizing that a broad suite of forecasting problems and text sources will best support progress on this task.
Further, advances in text-driven forecasting will have broad impact in natural language processing, giving a concrete, theory-independent platform that encourages exploration of new ideas for tackling various aspects of text-oriented computational intelligence.
Effects of nanopore and fluid structure on anomalies and phase transitions of confined core-softened fluids
Creators: name: Krott, Leandro B.
name: Bordin, José Rafael
name: Barraz, Ney Marçal
name: Barbosa, Marcia C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use Molecular Dynamics simulations to study how the nanopore and the fluid structures affects the dynamic, thermodynamic and structural properties of a confined anomalous fluid. The fluid is modeled using an effective pair potential derived from the ST4 atomistic model for water. This system exhibits density, structural and dynamical anomalies and the vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid critical points similar to the quantities observed in bulk water. The confinement is modeled both by smooth and structured walls. The temperatures of extremum density and diffusion for the confined fluid show a shift to lower values while the pressures move to higher amounts for both smooth and structured confinement. In the case of smooth walls, the critical points and the limit between fluid and amorphous phases show a non-monotonic change in the temperatures and pressures when the the nanopore size is increase. In the case of structured walls the pressures and temperatures of the critical points varies monotonicaly with the porous size. Our results are explained on basis of the competition between the different length scales of the fluid and the wall-fluid interaction.
The Impact of Arabic Morphological Segmentation on Broad-coverage English-to-Arabic Statistical Machine Translation
Creators: name: Al-Haj, Hassan
name: Lavie, Alon
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Morphologically rich languages pose a challenge for statistical machine translation (SMT). This challenge is magnified when translating into a morphologically rich language. In this work we address this challenge in the framework of a broad-coverage English-to-Arabic phrase based statistical machine translation (PBSMT). We explore the full spectrum of Arabic segmentation schemes ranging from full word form to fully segmented forms and examine the effects on system performance. Our results show a difference of 2.61 BLEU points between the best and worst segmentation schemes indicating that the choice of the segmentation scheme has a significant effect on the performance of a PBSMT system in a large data scenario. We also show that a simple segmentation scheme can perform as good as the best and more complicated segmentation scheme. We also report results on a wide set of techniques for recombining the segmented Arabic output
Credal Learning: Weakly Supervised Learning from Credal Sets - Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Campagner, Andrea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This is the technical material for the paper "Credal Learning: Weakly Supervised Learning from Credal Sets", accepted at ECAI 2023. Refer to the conference proceedings' version for the original article: this document mainly contains supporting technical material and complete proofs.
Operation of KATRIN Loops with tritium
Creators: name: Priester, Florian
name: Röttele, Carsten
name: Bornschein, Lutz
name: Sturm, Michael
name: Röllig, Marco
name: Marsteller, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims to determine the effective neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $m_\nu=0.2$ eV/c$^2$ (90% C.L.) using electrons from the tritium beta-decay. The beta-electrons decaying in the windowless gaseous tritium source (WGTS) are guided adiabatically to the spectrometers, where their energy is analyzed with a present filter width of 2.8 eV. In order to maintain a stable column density (and therefore a stable luminosity) inside the 10 m long WGTS beam tube, a dedicated closed loop system is installed. Tritium is pumped out at both ends of the WGTS, purified and re-injected with a throughput of 1.8 mbar$\cdot$l/s into the middle of the WGTS beam tube resulting in a circulation. In this poster, the results of the first KATRIN tritium measurement campaigns are shown evaluating the stability of the Loops parameters.
From Print and Manuscript to Electronic Version: Text Digitization and Annotation
Creators: name: Herold, Axel
name: Ast, Henriette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Linguistic (text) corpora
Corpus creation
Corpus annotation
Corpus analysis

description: In this course we will provide an introduction to current methods for the creation and annotation of linguistic (text) corpora. This will be done to a large extend by hands-on exercises. We primarily focus on historical prints and manuscripts, though more recent texts will also be taken into account. Participants' own material can be discussed as well. We demonstrate and discuss the steps towards the creation of corpora, focusing on text selection, treatment of metadata, transcription and representation of the material, methods of (linguistic and text structural) annotation, and finally the presentation and provision of corpora. In this context, standards and best practices for data recognition and annotation will be introduced and applied by example, e. g. the guidelines of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) and specific formats for linguistic text annotation. Finally, we will introduce some basic methods of corpus analysis, focusing on what the CLARIN infrastructure and the German Text Archive offer in this field.
description: First held at the ESU in Digital Humanities, Leipzig 2017
High Performance Reconstruction of Neutral Pion Decays using Wire-Cell Tools in MicroBooNE
Creators: name: Kaicheng Li
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: MicroBooNE is an 85 metric ton single-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) experiment at Fermilab. One main goal of MicroBooNE is to investigate the low energy excess (LEE) of electron neutrino appearance observed by the MiniBooNE experiment. The performance of neutral pion reconstruction is critical to LEE sensitivity, as photons from neutral pion decays could mimic the signature of electron neutrino appearance. A high performance reconstruction of neutral pion decays in the presence of significant cosmic activity is achieved with the Wire-Cell reconstruction method and will be described in this poster.
Semiconcavity of viscosity solutions for a class of degenerate elliptic integro-differential equations in $\mathbb R^n$
Creators: name: Mou, Chenchen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R09, 35D40, 35J60, 47G20, 45K05, 93E20

description: This paper is concerned with semiconcavity of viscosity solutions for a class of degenerate elliptic integro-differential equations in $\mathbb R^n$. This class of equations includes Bellman equations containing operators of Lévy-Itô type. Hölder and Lipschitz continuity of viscosity solutions for a more general class of degenerate elliptic integro-differential equations are also provided.
description: Fixed typos
Additional file 11 of Pulmonary dust foci as rat pneumoconiosis lesion induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in 13-week inhalation study
Creators: name: Yamano, Shotaro
name: Goto, Yuko
name: Takeda, Tomoki
name: Hirai, Shigeyuki
name: Furukawa, Yusuke
name: Kikuchi, Yoshinori
name: Kasai, Tatsuya
name: Misumi, Kyohei
name: Suzuki, Masaaki
name: Takanobu, Kenji
name: Senoh, Hideki
name: Saito, Misae
name: Kondo, Hitomi
name: Umeda, Yumi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 11: Fig. S11. Representative macroscopic and TEM images of TiO2 NP. A: Macroscopic image. B; TEM image.
Systematic Uncertainties in the NOvA Neutrino Oscillation Analysis
Creators: name: Elkins, Miranda
name: Nosek, Tomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment using Fermilab's 700 kW NuMI muon neutrino beam. It is composed of two detectors which are placed 809km apart and are functionally identical. NOvA studies muon (anti)neutrino disappearance and electron (anti)neutrino appearance and uses these observations to help resolve the mass hierarchy problem and constrain several neutrino oscillation parameters in the standard 3 active neutrinos paradigm: $\theta_{23}$, $\Delta m_{32}^2$, and the CP violating phase $\delta$. While statistical uncertainties currently dominate in these measurements, it is crucial to understand the key sources of systematic uncertainties and their correlations for both the interpretation and precision of the results and for further improvements of the analysis. This poster presents details on how we produce systematically shifted predictions and use them to evaluate the systematic uncertainties affecting NOvA's neutrino oscillation analysis results.
Search for Sterile Neutrinos at RENO
Creators: name: Jiwoong Seo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The RENO experiment has successfully measured $\theta_{13}$ using the disappearance of electron anti-neutrinos in three-flavor neutrino oscillations. We search for sterile neutrinos in four-flavor oscillation model using 2200 days of data collected by the RENO experiment. We have not seen any positive signal and obtain an excluded region of the oscillation parameters. We present an excluded contour plot in $\sin^{2}2\theta_{14}-\Delta m^{2}_{41}$ space with free $\sin^{2}2\theta_{13}$ and constraint on the other oscillation parameters.
Precise QCD predictions for jet production at the LHC
Creators: name: Pires, Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical predictions used in experimental analysis of LHC data have an inherent theoretical uncertainty associated to the relevant order in the perturbative expansion that the observable is computed. In this talk we briefly introduce and motivate the topic of QCD radiative corrections stressing the impact of including higher-order QCD effects in the theory predictions and in particular we consider two-loop QCD corrections. We present numerical results at NNLO for gluonic jet production where jets are reconstructed using the anti-$k_T$ jet algorithm from gluon-gluon and quark-antiquark scattering and discuss the inclusion of leading-$N_F$ quark contributions in the final-state.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, Presented at the International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics (ISMD 2014), Bologna, Italy, September 8-12, 2014. EPJ Web of Conferences, to appear
Elastic neutrino-electron scattering. Theory for experiment
Creators: name: Hill, Richard J
name: Tomalak, Sasha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Elastic neutrino-electron scattering provides an important tool for normalizing neutrino flux in modern experiments. This process is subject to large radiative corrections. We determine the Fermi effective theory performing matching to the Standard model at the electroweak scale with subsequent running down to low energies. Based on this theory, we analytically evaluate virtual corrections and distributions with one radiated photon and provide the resulting scattering cross sections quantifying errors for the first time. We discuss the relevance of radiative corrections depending on conditions of modern accelerator-based neutrino experiments.
Additional file 12 of Pulmonary dust foci as rat pneumoconiosis lesion induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in 13-week inhalation study
Creators: name: Yamano, Shotaro
name: Goto, Yuko
name: Takeda, Tomoki
name: Hirai, Shigeyuki
name: Furukawa, Yusuke
name: Kikuchi, Yoshinori
name: Kasai, Tatsuya
name: Misumi, Kyohei
name: Suzuki, Masaaki
name: Takanobu, Kenji
name: Senoh, Hideki
name: Saito, Misae
name: Kondo, Hitomi
name: Umeda, Yumi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 12: Fig. S12. Design of the animal experimental protocol used in this study.
Strong measurements give a better direct measurement of the quantum wave function
Creators: name: Vallone, Giuseppe
name: Dequal, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak measurements have thus far been considered instrumental in the so-called direct measurement of the quantum wavefunction [Nature (London) 474, 188 (2011)]. Here we show that direct measurement of the wavefunction can be obtained by using measurements of arbitrary strength. In particular, in the case of strong measurements, i.e. those in which the coupling between the system and the measuring apparatus is maximum, we compared the precision and the accuracy of the two methods, by showing that strong measurements outperform weak measurements in both for arbitrary quantum states in most cases. We also give the exact expression of the difference between the reconstructed and original wavefunctions obtained by the weak measurement approach: this will allow to define the range of applicability of such method.
description: Updated version, 5 pages + Supplementary Information
Random-Access Neural Compression of Material Textures
Creators: name: Vaidyanathan, Karthik
name: Salvi, Marco
name: Wronski, Bartlomiej
name: Akenine-Möller, Tomas
name: Ebelin, Pontus
name: Lefohn, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.3

description: The continuous advancement of photorealism in rendering is accompanied by a growth in texture data and, consequently, increasing storage and memory demands. To address this issue, we propose a novel neural compression technique specifically designed for material textures. We unlock two more levels of detail, i.e., 16x more texels, using low bitrate compression, with image quality that is better than advanced image compression techniques, such as AVIF and JPEG XL. At the same time, our method allows on-demand, real-time decompression with random access similar to block texture compression on GPUs, enabling compression on disk and memory. The key idea behind our approach is compressing multiple material textures and their mipmap chains together, and using a small neural network, that is optimized for each material, to decompress them. Finally, we use a custom training implementation to achieve practical compression speeds, whose performance surpasses that of general frameworks, like PyTorch, by an order of magnitude.
description: 22 pages, accepted to ACM SIGGRAPH 2023 Transactions on Graphics
The Machine Translation Toolpack for LoonyBin: Automated Management of Experimental Machine Translation HyperWorkflows
Creators: name: Clark, Jonathan H.
name: Weese, Jonathan
name: Ahn, Byung Gyu
name: Zollmann, Andreas
name: Gao, Qin
name: Heafield, Kenneth
name: Lavie, Alon
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Construction of machine translation systems has evolved into a multi-stage workflow involving many complicated dependencies. Many decoder distributions have addressed this by including monolithic training scripts - train-factored-model.pl for Moses and mr_runmer.pl for SAMT. However, such scripts can be tricky to modify for novel experiments and typically have limited support for the variety of job schedulers found on academic and commercial computer clusters. Further complicating these systems are hyperparameters, which often cannot be directly optimized by conventional methods requiring users to determine which combination of values is best via trial and error. The recently-released LoonyBin open-source workflow management tool addresses these issues by providing: 1) a visual interface for the user to create and modify workflows; 2) a well-defined logging mechanism; 3) a script generator that compiles visual workflows into shell scripts, and 4) the concept of Hyperworkflows, which intuitively and succinctly encodes small experimental variations within a larger workflow. In this paper, we describe the Machine Translation Toolpack for LoonyBin, which exposes state-of-the-art machine translation tools as drag-and-drop components within LoonyBin.
The Emergence of Life as a First Order Phase Transition
Creators: name: Mathis, Cole
name: Bhattacharya, Tanmoy
name: Walker, Sara Imari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: It is well known that life on Earth alters its environment over evolutionary and geological timescales. An important open question is whether this is a result of evolutionary optimization or a universal feature of life. In the latter case, the origin of life would be coincident with a shift in environmental conditions. Here we present a model for the emergence of life in which replicators are explicitly coupled to their environment through the recycling of a finite supply of resources. The model exhibits a dynamic, first-order phase transition from non-life to "life," where the life phase is distinguished by selection on replicators. We show that environmental coupling plays an important role in the dynamics of the transition. The transition corresponds to a redistribution of matter in replicators and their environment, driven by selection on replicators, exhibiting an explosive growth in diversity as replicators are selected. The transition is accurately tracked by the mutual information shared between replicators and their environment. In the absence of successfully repartitioning system resources, the transition fails to complete, leading to the possibility of many frustrated trials before life first emerges. Often, the replicators that initiate the transition are not those that are ultimately selected. The results are consistent with the view that life's propensity to shape its environment is indeed a universal feature of replicators, characteristic of the transition from non-life to life. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding life's emergence and evolutionary transitions more broadly.
When the Teacher Marks the Difference. Grading Practices, Social Inequalities, and Student Educational Outcomes.
Creators: name: Lievore, Ilaria
Publisher: name: Università degli studi di Trento
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation aims at providing a general theoretical framework through which teacher effects can be analyzed through a sociological perspective in the Italian educational system. This framework accounts for 1) tertiary effects, defined as the impact teachers have on students’ educational decisions, also indirectly via students’ evaluations, according to their variation in expectations and biases related to students’ sociodemographic characteristics; 2) primary effects related to teachers, defined as the impact teachers have on students’ performance according to their grading preferences, quality, characteristics. The empirical chapters provide three different empirical examples framed in the sociological literature about tertiary effects, relying on quantitative methodological approaches for the study of teacher bias. The common methodological framework of the empirical chapters relies on the study of grading practices, as a comparison between an “objective” and unbiased measure of students’ competences, such as standardized test scores, and teacher grades, which are thought to be more subjective and possibly biased measure of students’ academic ability.
Knockout of the gene encoding the extracellular matrix protein SNED1 results in early neonatal lethality and craniofacial malformations
Creators: name: Barqué, Anna
name: Jan, Kyleen
name: De La Fuente, Emanuel
name: Nicholas, Christina
name: Hynes, Richard O
name: Naba, Alexandra
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: BACKGROUND: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental component of multicellular organisms that orchestrates developmental processes and controls cell and tissue organization. We previously identified the novel ECM protein SNED1 as a promoter of breast cancer metastasis and showed that its level of expression negatively correlated with breast cancer patient survival. Here, we sought to identify the roles of SNED1 during murine development. RESULTS: We generated two novel Sned1 knockout mouse strains and showed that Sned1 is essential since homozygous ablation of the gene led to early neonatal lethality. Phenotypic analysis of the surviving knockout mice revealed a role for SNED1 in the development of craniofacial and skeletal structures since Sned1 knockout resulted in growth defects, nasal cavity occlusion, and craniofacial malformations. Sned1 is widely expressed in embryos, notably by cell populations undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, such as the neural crest cells. We further show that mice with a neural-crest-cell-specific deletion of Sned1 survive, but display facial anomalies partly phenocopying the global knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate requisite roles for SNED1 during development and neonatal survival. Importantly, the deletion of 2q37.3 in humans, a region that includes the SNED1 locus, has been associated with facial dysmorphism and short stature.
Update on KM3NeT Detector Construction and Commissioning
Creators: name: Eijk, Daan Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The KM3NeT collaboration aims to build a cubic kilometer-scale water-Cherenkov neutrino detector. The detector is currently under construction at two separate geographical locations in the deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea. One location is off the Sicilian coast, where a sparsely instrumented detector will study the origin of high energy astrophysical neutrinos. The second detector site, located off the French coast, is dedicated to the study of inherent neutrino properties using a more densely spaced detector to reveal low energy atmospheric neutrinos. Similar detector technology is employed at both locations, consisting of 18 so-called digital optical modules (DOMs) positioned equidistantly along vertical detector unit (DU) lines that are anchored to the sea bottom. This poster presents the current status and outlook of KM3NeT detector construction, as well as the ongoing efforts to commission and calibrate the detector using first data.
The TeamTalk Corpus: Route Instructions in Open Spaces
Creators: name: Marge, Matthew R
name: Rudnicky, Alexander
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes the TeamTalk corpus, a new corpus of route instructions consisting of directions given to a robot. Participants provided instructions to a robot that needed to move to a marked location. The environment contained two robots and a symbolic destination marker, all within an open space. The corpus contains the collected speech, speech transcriptions, stimuli, and logs of all participant interactions from the experiment. Route instruction transcriptions are divided into steps and annotated as either metric-based or landmarkbased instructions. This corpus captured variability in directions for robots represented in 2-dimensional schematic, 3-dimensional virtual, and natural environments, all in the context of open space navigation.
Transport of dipolar excitons in (Al,Ga)N/GaN quantum wells
Creators: name: Fedichkin, F.
name: Andreakou, P.
name: Jouault, B.
name: Vladimirova, M.
name: Guillet, T.
name: Brimont, C.
name: Valvin, P.
name: Bretagnon, T.
name: Dussaigne, A.
name: Grandjean, N.
name: Lefebvre, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the transport of dipolar indirect excitons along the growth plane of polar (Al,Ga)N/GaN quantum well structures by means of spatially- and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The transport in these strongly disordered quantum wells is activated by dipole-dipole repulsion. The latter induces an emission blue shift that increases linearly with exciton density, whereas the radiative recombination rate increases exponentially. Under continuous, localized excitation, we measure a continuous red shift of the emission, as excitons propagate away from the excitation spot. This shift corresponds to a steady-state gradient of exciton density, measured over several tens of micrometers. Time-resolved micro-photoluminescence experiments provide information on the dynamics of recombination and transport of dipolar excitons. We account for the ensemble of experimental results by solving the nonlinear drift-diffusion equation. Quantitative analysis suggests that in such structures, exciton propagation on the scale of 10 to 20 microns is mainly driven by diffusion, rather than by drift, due to the strong disorder and the presence of nonradiative defects. Secondary exciton creation, most probably by the intense higher-energy luminescence, guided along the sample plane, is shown to contribute to the exciton emission pattern on the scale up to 100 microns. The exciton propagation length is strongly temperature dependent, the emission being quenched beyond a critical distance governed by nonradiative recombination.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
title: Reinforcing Europe’s Technological Sovereignty Through Trade Measures: The EU and Member States’ Shared Sovereignty
Creators: name: Poli, Sara
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Europe’s Sovereignty
subject: Technological leadership
subject: Strategic autonomy
subject: Trade measures
subject: Dual use goods
subject: China

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(2), 429-445
description: European Forum Insight of 27 July 2023
description: I. Introduction. - II. Different meanings of ‘Europe’s technological sovereignty’. - III. Reinforcing the EU’s industrial base, competitiveness and its resilience to crises through internal measures: the proposed Chips act and the approval of important Projects of Common European Interest. - IV. Reinforcing ‘technological sovereignty’ through EU trade measures. - V. Member States’ contribution to the achievement of ‘Europe’s technological sovereignty’ through export control of advanced semiconductor technology. - VI. Conclusions.
description: This Insight focuses on the EU and Member States’ initiatives to reinforce Europe’s technological sovereignty (i.e. technological leadership and independence from others (especially China)) as far as semiconductors are concerned. It explores whether it is necessary to change the current allocation of powers between the EU and Member States to achieve the mentioned objective. It shows that the EU has enacted (or proposed to adopt): i) a number of internal measures to address the EU technological gap in various areas of the EU’s competence, including those in the field of the internal market; ii) unilateral trade measures designed to establish a level playing field for EU operators and to protect Member States’ technological assets. National authorities have also taken unilateral trade measures such as the Dutch decision of March 2023 to establish an export control of chip technology. This measure was enacted at the request of the United States and is based on the need to avoid dependence, on the preservation of technological leadership and on security grounds. It is an attempt to react to China’s strategy (“Made in China 2025”) to close its technological gap in various areas, including semiconductors. The Dutch decision illustrates that the EU institutions and Member States can each exercise their competences and successfully protect Europe’s technological sovereignty (technological leadership) on the basis of a “shared sovereignty”. There is no need to change the Treaty rules to strengthen Europe’s sovereignty. However, it is necessary that Member States inform the Commission and coordinate their actions at EU level.
The spectral dimension in 2D CDT gravity coupled to scalar fields
Creators: name: Ambjørn, Jan
name: Görlich, Andrzej
name: Jurkiewicz, Jerzy
name: Zhang, Hongguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) provide a non-perturbative formulation of Quantum Gravity assuming the existence of a global time foliation. In our earlier study we analyzed the effect of including $d$ copies of a massless scalar field in the two-dimensional CDT model with imaginary time. For $d > 1$ we observed the formation of a "blob", somewhat similar to that observed in four-dimensional CDT without matter. In the two-dimensional case the "blob" has a Hausdorff dimension $D_H=3$. In this paper we study the spectral dimension $D_S$ of the two-dimensional CDT-universe, both for $d = 0$ (pure gravity) and $d = 4$. We show that in both cases the spectral dimension is consistent with $D_S = 2$.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Modeling and testing screening mechanisms in the laboratory and in space
Creators: name: Vardanyan, Valeri
name: Bartlett, Deaglan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-linear dynamics of scalar fields coupled to matter and gravity can lead to remarkable density-dependent screening effects. In this short review we present the main classes of screening mechanisms, and discuss their tests in laboratory and astrophysical systems. We particularly focus on reviewing numerical and technical aspects involved in modeling the non-linear dynamics of screening. In this review, we focus on tests using laboratory experiments and astrophysical systems, such as stars, galaxies and dark matter halos.
description: v1: 35 pages, 7 figures, invited review for Universe. v2: extended references
Calibration and Energy scale in the STEREO experiment
Creators: name: Almazan, Helena
name: Sánchez, Pablo Del Amo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: STEREO is a coarsely segmented, Gd-loaded liquid scintillator calorimeter studying antineutrinos produced by the compact reactor core, highly enriched in $^{235}U$, of the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble (France). The experiment has been designed to test the light sterile neutrino explanation of the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly (RAA) by comparing the neutrino energy spectra recorded by its six detector cells, between 9 and 11 m away from the reactor core. Using data collected since 2016, STEREO excludes a large fraction of the RAA favoured region in the $\Delta m^2_{41}−\sin^2(2\theta_{ee})$ parameter space, including the best-fit point. In this poster, we discuss the analysis methods and data samples used to achieve a ~1% control of the energy scale. These include radioactive sources, neutron captures following cosmic rays, and cosmogenic isotopes ($^{12}B$). We comment on the impact on the measured antineutrino energy spectrum.