cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Aging-Induced Collateral Dysfunction: Impaired Responsiveness of Collaterals and Susceptibility to Apoptosis via Dysfunctional eNOS signaling
Creators: name: Burnett, Mary Susan
name: Wang, Jinsong
name: Alderman, Lee O.
name: Faber, James E.
name: Epstein, Stephen E.
name: Sood, Subeena
name: Lassance-Soares, Roberta M.
name: Chan, Rosanna
name: Peng, XinZhi
name: Xue, Zhenyi
name: Najafi, Amir H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Despite positive animal studies, clinical angiogenesis trials have been disappointing, possibly due to risk factors present in humans but usually unexplored in animals. We recently demonstrated aging causes impaired collateral remodeling and collateral dropout; here, we investigate potential mechanisms responsible for these findings. Four-, 10-, and 18-month-C57BL/6J mice were subjected to femoral artery ligation; flow was measured using laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phosphorylated eNOS were measured in calf muscle. Apoptosis was assessed in endothelial (EC) and smooth muscle (SMC) cells isolated from young and old mice. Angiogenesis was measured using a Matrigel plug assay. Lethally irradiated young and old mice received bone marrow cells (BMC) from either young or old donors and were subjected to femoral artery ligation (FAL). BMC mobilization and homing were assessed. Flow recovery was impaired and less eNOS and phosphorylated eNOS was present in older vs. young mice (pp=0.015, respectively). ECs and SMCs from older mice were more sensitive to an apoptotic stimulus, but were rescued by NO-enhancing drugs. In older mice, angiogenesis (Matrigel plug assay) was impaired, as was mobilization and homing of BM progenitor cells following FAL. Although both mobilization and homing improved when older mice received BMC transplantation from young donors, flow recovery failed to improve. Aging impairs BMC mobilization and homing, collateral responsiveness to angiogenic stimuli, and increases EC and SMC susceptibility to apoptosis via dysfunctional eNOS signaling. The latter could contribute to impaired remodeling and collateral dropout. These finding identify potential obstacles to therapeutic interventions in elderly patients.
The complex dynamical past and future of double eclipsing binary CzeV343: misaligned orbits and period resonance
Creators: name: Pejcha, Ondřej
name: Cagaš, Pavel
name: Landri, Camille
name: Fausnaugh, Michael M.
name: De Rosa, Gisella
name: Prieto, Jose L.
name: Henzl, Zbyněk
name: Pešta, Milan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CzeV343 (=V849 Aur) was previously identified as a candidate double eclipsing binary (2+2 quadruple), where the orbital periods of the two eclipsing binaries ($P_A \approx 1.2$ days and $P_B \approx 0.8$ days) lie very close to 3:2 resonance. Here, we analyze 11 years of ground-based photometry, 4 sectors of TESS 2-minute and full-frame photometry, and two optical spectra. We construct a global model of our photometry, including apsidal motion of binary A and light-travel time effect (LTTE) of the mutual outer orbit, and explore the parameter space with Markov Chain Monte Carlo. We estimate component masses for binary A ($1.8+1.3 M_\odot$) and binary B ($1.4+1.2 M_\odot$). We identify pseudo-synchronous rotation signal of binary A in TESS photometry. We detect apsidal motion in binary A with a period of about 33 years, which is fully explained by tidal and rotational contributions of stars aligned with the orbit. The mutual orbit has a period of about 1450 days and eccentricity of about 0.7. The LTTE amplitude is small, which points to low inclination of the outer orbit and a high degree of misalignment with the inner orbits. We find that when apsidal motion and mutual orbit are taken into account the orbital period resonance is exact to within $10^{-5}$ cycles/day. Many properties of CzeV343 are not compatible with requirements of the 3:2 resonance capture theory for coplanar orbits. Future evolution of CzeV343 can lead to mergers, triple common envelope, double white dwarf binaries, or a Type Ia supernova. More complex evolutionary pathways will likely arise from dynamical instability caused by orbital expansion when either of the binaries undergoes mass transfer. This instability has not been so far explored in 2+2 quadruples.
description: Accepted to A&A. 16 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, and 4 appendicis with software description and additional figures and tables
Chloroplasts in plant cells show active glassy behavior under low light conditions
Creators: name: Schramma, Nico
name: Israëls, Cintia Perugachi
name: Jalaal, Maziyar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plants have developed intricate mechanisms to adapt to changing light conditions. Besides photo- and helio- tropism -- the differential growth towards light and the diurnal motion with respect to sunlight -- chloroplast motion acts as a fast mechanism to change the intracellular structure of leaf cells. While chloroplasts move towards the sides of the plant cell to avoid strong light, they accumulate and spread out into a layer on the bottom of the cell at low light to increase the light absorption efficiency. Although the motion of chloroplasts has been studied for over a century, the collective organelle-motion leading to light adapting self-organized structures remains elusive. Here we study the active motion of chloroplasts under dim light conditions, leading to an accumulation in a densely packed quasi-2D layer. We observe burst-like re-arrangements and show that these dynamics resemble colloidal systems close to the glass transition by tracking individual chloroplasts. Furthermore, we provide a minimal mathematical model to uncover relevant system parameters controlling the stability of the dense configuration of chloroplasts. Our study suggests that the meta-stable caging close to the glass-transition in the chloroplast mono-layer serves a physiological relevance. Chloroplasts remain in a spread-out configuration to increase the light uptake, but can easily fluidize when the activity is increased to efficiently re-arrange the structure towards an avoidance state. Our research opens new questions about the role that dynamical phase transitions could play in self-organized intracellular responses of plant cells towards environmental cues.
CryptoSolve: Towards a Tool for the Symbolic Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms
Creators: name: Chichester, Dalton
name: Du, Wei
name: Kauffman, Raymond
name: Lin, Hai
name: Lynch, Christopher
name: Marshall, Andrew M.
name: Meadows, Catherine A.
name: Narendran, Paliath
name: Ravishankar, Veena
name: Rovira, Luis
name: Rozek, Brandon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, interest has been emerging in the application of symbolic techniques to the specification and analysis of cryptosystems. These techniques, when accompanied by suitable proofs of soundness/completeness, can be used both to identify insecure cryptosystems and prove sound ones secure. But although a number of such symbolic algorithms have been developed and implemented, they remain scattered throughout the literature. In this paper, we present a tool, CryptoSolve, which provides a common basis for specification and implementation of these algorithms, CryptoSolve includes libraries that provide the term algebras used to express symbolic cryptographic systems, as well as implementations of useful algorithms, such as unification and variant generation. In its current initial iteration, it features several algorithms for the generation and analysis of cryptographic modes of operation, which allow one to use block ciphers to encrypt messages more than one block long. The goal of our work is to continue expanding the tool in order to consider additional cryptosystems and security questions, as well as extend the symbolic libraries to increase their applicability.
description: In Proceedings GandALF 2022, arXiv:2209.09333
Coagulation, Protease-Activated Receptors, and Viral Myocarditis
Creators: name: Antoniak, Silvio
name: Mackman, Nigel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The coagulation protease cascade plays an essential role in hemostasis. In addition, a clot contributes to host defense by limiting the spread of pathogens. Coagulation proteases induce intracellular signaling by cleavage of cell surface receptors called protease-activated receptors (PARs). These receptors allow cells to sense changes in the extracellular environment, such as infection. Viruses activate the coagulation cascade by inducing tissue factor expression and by disrupting the endothelium. Virus infection of the heart can cause myocarditis, cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Recent studies using a mouse model have shown that tissue factor, thrombin and PAR-1 signaling all positively regulate the innate immune during viral myocarditis. In contrast, PAR-2 signaling was found to inhibit interferon-β expression and the innate immune response. These observations suggest that anticoagulants may impair the innate immune response to viral infection and that inhibition of PAR-2 may be a new target to reduce viral myocarditis..
A catalogue of 294 Galactic supernova remnants
Creators: name: Green, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A revised catalogue of 294 Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) is presented, along with some simple statistics. This catalogue has twenty more entries than did the previous version (from 2009), as 21 new remnants have been added, and one object has been removed as it has been identified as an HII region.
description: 12 pages, Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India, in press. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0905.3699
Dark photon superradiance quenched by dark matter
Creators: name: Cannizzaro, Enrico
name: Sberna, Laura
name: Caputo, Andrea
name: Pani, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black-hole superradiance has been used to place very strong bounds on a variety of models of ultralight bosons such as axions, new light scalars, and dark photons. It is common lore to believe that superradiance bounds are broadly model independent and therefore pretty robust. In this work we show however that superradiance bounds on dark photons can be challenged by simple, compelling extensions of the minimal model. In particular, if the dark photon populates a larger dark sector and couples to dark fermions playing the role of dark matter, then superradiance bounds can easily be circumvented, depending on the mass and (dark) charge of the dark matter.
description: 10+3 pages, 4 figures
Adversarial Formal Semantics of Attack Trees and Related Problems
Creators: name: Brihaye, Thomas
name: Pinchinat, Sophie
name: Terefenko, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Security is a subject of increasing attention in our actual society in order to protect critical resources from information disclosure, theft or damage. The informal model of attack trees introduced by Schneier, and widespread in the industry, is advocated in the 2008 NATO report to govern the evaluation of the threat in risk analysis. Attack-defense trees have since been the subject of many theoretical works addressing different formal approaches. In 2017, M. Audinot et al. introduced a path semantics over a transition system for attack trees. Inspired by the later, we propose a two-player interpretation of the attack-tree formalism. To do so, we replace transition systems by concurrent game arenas and our associated semantics consist of strategies. We then show that the emptiness problem, known to be NP-complete for the path semantics, is now PSPACE-complete. Additionally, we show that the membership problem is coNP-complete for our two-player interpretation while it collapses to P in the path semantics.
description: In Proceedings GandALF 2022, arXiv:2209.09333
Stem-loop binding protein accumulates during oocyte maturation and is not cell-cycle-regulated in the early mouse embryo
Creators: name: Allard, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) binds to the 3′ end of histone mRNA and participates in 3′-processing of the newly synthesized transcripts, which protects them from degradation, and probably also promotes their translation. In proliferating cells, translation of SLBP mRNA begins at G1/S and the protein is degraded following DNA replication. These post-transcriptional mechanisms closely couple SLBP expression to S-phase of the cell cycle, and play a key role in restricting synthesis of replication-dependent histones to S-phase. In contrast to somatic cells, replication-dependent histone mRNAs accumulate and are translated independently of DNA replication in oocytes and early embryos. We report here that SLBP expression and activity also differ in mouse oocytes and early embryos compared with somatic cells. SLBP is present in oocytes that are arrested at prophase of G2/M, where it is concentrated in the nucleus. Upon entry into M-phase of meiotic maturation, SLBP begins to accumulate rapidly, reaching a very high level in mature oocytes arrested at metaphase II. Following fertilization, SLBP remains abundant in the nucleus and the cytoplasm throughout the first cell cycle, including both G1 and G2 phases. It declines during the second and third cell cycles, reaching a relatively low level by the late 4-cell stage. SLBP can bind the histone mRNA-stem-loop at all stages of the cell cycle in oocytes and early embryos, and it is the only stem-loop binding activity detectable in these cells. We also report that SLBP becomes phosphorylated rapidly following entry into M-phase of meiotic maturation through a mechanism that is sensitive to roscovitine, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. SLBP is rapidly dephosphorylated following fertilization or parthenogenetic activation, and becomes newly phosphorylated at M-phase of mitosis. Phosphorylation does not affect its stem-loop binding activity. These results establish that, in contrast to Xenopus, mouse oocytes and embryos contain a single SLBP. Expression of SLBP is uncoupled from S-phase in oocytes and early embryos, which indicates that the mechanisms that impose cell-cycle-regulated expression of SLBP in somatic cells do not operate in oocytes or during the first embryonic cell cycle. This distinctive pattern of SLBP expression may be required for accumulation of histone proteins required for sperm chromatin remodelling and assembly of newly synthesized embryonic DNA into chromatin.
The dust-to-gas mass ratio of luminous galaxies as a function of their metallicity at cosmic noon
Creators: name: Popping, Gergö
name: Shivaei, Irene
name: Sanders, Ryan L.
name: Jones, Tucker
name: Pope, Alexandra
name: Reddy, Naveen A.
name: Shapley, Alice E.
name: Coil, Alison L.
name: Kriek, Mariska
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to quantify the relation between the dust-to-gas mass ratio (DTG) and gas-phase metallicity of $z=$2.1-2.5 luminous galaxies and contrast this high-redshift relation against analogous constraints at z$=$0. We present a sample of ten star-forming main-sequence galaxies in the redshift range $2.1
description: Version accepted for publication in A&A
Stirring Potential for Indirect Excitons
Creators: name: Hasling, M. W.
name: Kuznetsova, Y. Y.
name: Andreakou, P.
name: Leonard, J. R.
name: Calman, E. V.
name: Dorow, C.
name: Butov, L. V.
name: Hanson, M.
name: Gossard, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate experimental proof of principle for a stirring potential for indirect excitons. The azimuthal wavelength of this stirring potential is set by the electrode periodicity, the amplitude is controlled by the applied AC voltage, and the angular velocity is controlled by the AC frequency.
Marginal $T\bar{T}$-Like Deformation and ModMax Theories in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Babaei-Aghbolagh, H.
name: Velni, Komeil Babaei
name: Yekta, Davood Mahdavian
name: Mohammadzadeh, Hosein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the ModMax theory has been proposed as a unique conformal nonlinear extension of electrodynamics. We have shown in [1] that this modification can be reproduced a marginal $T\bar{T}$-like deformation from pure Maxwell theory. Further, this deformation is solved by using a perturbative approach. In this letter, we will investigate another ModMax-like deformation for a two-dimensional (2D) scalar field theory. In this regard, we first find a marginal $T\bar{T}$-like deformation in two dimensions and then reproduce the MM-like Lagrangian from a multiple 2D scalar field theory.
description: 11 pages, improved version
Avoid One's Doom: Finding Cliff-Edge Configurations in Petri Nets
Creators: name: Aguirre-Samboní, Giann Karlo
name: Haar, Stefan
name: Paulevé, Loïc
name: Schwoon, Stefan
name: Würdemann, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A crucial question in analyzing a concurrent system is to determine its long-run behaviour, and in particular, whether there are irreversible choices in its evolution, leading into parts of the reachability space from which there is no return to other parts. Casting this problem in the unifying framework of safe Petri nets, our previous work has provided techniques for identifying attractors, i.e. terminal strongly connected components of the reachability space, whose attraction basins we wish to determine. Here, we provide a solution for the case of safe Petri nets. Our algorithm uses net unfoldings and provides a map of all of the system's configurations (concurrent executions) that act as cliff-edges, i.e. any maximal extension for those configurations lies in some basin that is considered fatal. The computation turns out to require only a relatively small prefix of the unfolding, just twice the depth of Esparza's complete prefix.
description: In Proceedings GandALF 2022, arXiv:2209.09333. This work was supported by the DIGICOSME grant ESCAPE DIGICOSME RD 242-ESCAPE-15203 and by the French Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) in the scope of the project ''BNeDiction'' (grant number ANR-20-CE45-0001)
Characterizing the Decidability of Finite State Automata Team Games with Communication
Creators: name: Coulombe, Michael
name: Lynch, Jayson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we define a new model of limited communication for multiplayer team games of imperfect information. We prove that the Team DFA Game and Team Formula Game, which have bounded state, remain undecidable when players have a rate of communication which is less than the rate at which they make moves in the game. We also show that meeting this communication threshold causes these games to be decidable.
description: In Proceedings GandALF 2022, arXiv:2209.09333
Cdc42 is required for EGF-stimulated protrusion and motility in MTLn3 carcinoma cells
Creators: name: Cammer, M.
name: El-Sibai, M.
name: Condeelis, J. S.
name: Backer, J. M.
name: Sarmiento, C.
name: Flinn, R. J.
name: Nalbant, P.
name: Hahn, K. M.
name: Macaluso, F.
name: Pang, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Cdc42 plays a central role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton and maintaining cell polarity. Here, we show that Cdc42 is crucial for epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated protrusion in MTLn3 carcinoma cells. When stimulated with EGF, carcinoma cells showed a rapid increase in activated Cdc42 that is primarily localized to the protruding edge of the cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cdc42 expression caused a decrease in EGF-stimulated protrusion and reduced cell motility in time-lapse studies. These changes were correlated with a decrease in barbed-end formation and Arp2/3 localization at the cell edge, and a marked defect in actin filament branching, as revealed by rotary-shadowing scanning electron microscopy. Upstream of Arp2/3, Cdc42 knockdown inhibited EGF-stimulated activation of PI 3-kinase at early (within 1 minute) but not late (within 3 minutes) time points. Membrane targeting of N-WASP, WAVE2 and IRSp53 were also inhibited. Effects on WAVE2 were not owing to Rac1 inhibition, because WAVE2 recruitment is unaffected by Rac1 knockdown. Our data suggest that Cdc42 activation is crucial for the regulation of actin polymerization in carcinoma cells, and required for both EGF-stimulated protrusion and cell motility independently of effects on Rac.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for real time and online elemental analysis
Creators: name: Rai, V. N.
name: Rai, Awadhesh K.
name: Yueh, Fang-Yu
name: Singh, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a laser based diagnostics used to study atomic emission from the expanding plasma plume formed during the laser-matter interaction. It provides valuable information about the composition of the target material. LIBS has proved its potential application in the analysis of impurities, pollutants and toxic elements in various types of matrices of different samples (solid, liquid and gases), even those present under difficult and harsh environmental conditions. This article reviews some recent developments in the field, and its wide application in various fields of research and analysis.
Grothendieck's Dessins d'Enfants in a Web of Dualities. III
Creators: name: Yang, Di
name: Zhou, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify the dessin partition function with the partition function of the Laguerre unitary ensemble (LUE). Combined with the result due to Cunden et al on the relationship between the LUE correlators and strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers introduced by Goulden et al, we then establish connection of dessin counting to strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers. We also introduce a correction factor for the dessin/LUE partition function, which plays an important role in showing that the corrected dessin/LUE partition function is a tau-function of the Toda lattice hierarchy. As an application, we use the approach of Dubrovin and Zhang for the computation of the dessin correlators. In physicists' terminology, we establish dualities among dessin counting, generalized Penner model, and $\mathbb{P}^1$-topological sigma model.
description: added references; corrected typos. 32 pages
Nuclear pore complex proteins mark the implantation window in human endometrium
Creators: name: Meier, U. T.
name: Kuokkanen, S. M.
name: Kittur, N.
name: Heller, D. S.
name: Brodt, Z. N.
name: Guffanti, E.
name: Santoro, N.
name: Young, S. L.
name: Polotsky, A. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Nucleolar channel systems (NCSs) are membranous organelles appearing transiently in the epithelial cell nuclei of postovulatory human endometrium. Their characterization and use as markers for a healthy receptive endometrium have been limited because they are only identifiable by electron microscopy. Here we describe the light microscopic detection of NCSs using immunofluorescence. Specifically, the monoclonal nuclear pore complex antibody 414 shows that NCSs are present in about half of all human endometrial epithelial cells but not in any other cell type, tissue or species. Most nuclei contain only a single NCS of uniform 1 μm diameter indicating a tightly controlled organelle. The composition of NCSs is as unique as their structure; they contain only a subset each of the proteins of nuclear pore complexes, inner nuclear membrane, nuclear lamina and endoplasmic reticulum. Validation of our robust NCS detection method on 95 endometrial biopsies defines a 6-day window, days 19-24 (±1) of an idealized 28 day cycle, wherein NCSs occur. Therefore, NCSs precede and overlap with the implantation window and serve as potential markers of uterine receptivity. The immunodetection assay, combined with the hitherto underappreciated prevalence of NCSs, now enables simple screening and further molecular and functional dissection.
Effects of XUV radiation on circumbinary planets
Creators: name: Sanz-Forcada, J.
name: Desidera, S.
name: Micela, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several circumbinary planets have recently been discovered. The orbit of a planet around a binary stellar system poses several dynamic constraints. The effects that radiation from the host stars may have on the planet atmospheres must be considered. Because of the configuration of a close binary system, these stars have a high rotation rate, which causes a permanent state of high stellar activity and copious XUV radiation. The accumulated effects are stronger than for exoplanets around single stars, and cause a faster evaporation of their atmospheres. We evaluate the effects that stellar radiation has on the evaporation of exoplanets around binary systems and on the survival of these planets. We considered the XUV spectral range to account for the photons that are easily absorbed by a planet atmosphere that is mainly composed of hydrogen. A more complex atmospheric composition is expected to absorb this radiation more efficiently. We used direct X-ray observations to evaluate the energy in the X-rays range and coronal models to calculate the (nondetectable) EUV part of the spectrum. The simulations show that exoplanets in a close orbit will suffer strong photoevaporation that may cause a total loss of atmosphere in a short time. A binary system of two solar-like stars will be highly efficient in evaporating the atmosphere of the planet. These systems will be difficult to find, even if they are dynamically stable. Still, planets may orbit around binary systems of low mass stars for wider orbits. Currently known circumbinary planets are not substantially affected by thermal photoevaporation processes, unless Kepler-47 b has an inflated atmosphere. The distribution of the orbital periods of circumbinary planets is shifted to much longer periods than the average of Kepler planets, which supports a scenario of strong photoevaporation in close-in circumbinary planets.
description: Accepted by A&A. 8 pages, 5 figures
Role of N-linked oligosaccharides in the biosynthetic processing of the cystic fibrosis membrane conductance regulator
Creators: name: Gentzsch, M.
name: Aleksandrov, A.
name: Cui, L.
name: Riordan, J. R.
name: Mengos, A.
name: Hou, Y.-x.
name: Chang, X.-b.
name: Jensen, T. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The epithelial chloride channel CFTR is a glycoprotein that is modified by two N-linked oligosaccharides. The most common mutant CFTR protein in patients with cystic fibrosis, ΔF508, is misfolded and retained by ER quality control. As oligosaccharide moieties of glycoproteins are known to mediate interactions with ER lectin chaperones, we investigated the role of N-linked glycosylation in the processing of wild-type and ΔF508 CFTR. We found that N-glycosylation and ER lectin interactions are not major determinants of trafficking of wild-type and ΔF508 from the ER to the plasma membrane. Unglycosylated CFTR, generated by removal of glycosylation sites or treatment of cells with the N-glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin, did not bind calnexin, but did traffic to the cell surface and exhibited chloride channel activity. Most importantly, unglycosylated Δ F508 CFTR still could not escape quality control in the early secretory pathway and remained associated with the ER. However, the absence of N-linked oligosaccharides did reduce the stability of wild-type CFTR, causing significantly more-rapid turnover in post-ER compartments. Surprisingly, the individual N-linked carbohydrates do not play equivalent roles and modulate the fate of the wild-type protein in different ways in its early biosynthetic pathway.
A classification of nonequilibrium steady states based on temperature correlations
Creators: name: Davis, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although generalized ensembles have now been in use in statistical mechanics for decades, including frameworks such as Tsallis' nonextensive statistics and superstatistics, a classification of these generalized ensembles outlining the boundaries of validity of different families of models, is still lacking. In this work, such a classification is proposed in terms of supercanonical and subcanonical ensembles, according to a newly defined parameter, the inverse temperature covariance parameter $\mathcal{U}$. This parameter is non-negative in superstatistics (and is equal to the variance of the inverse temperature) but can be negative for other families of statistical ensembles, adquiring then a broader meaning. It is shown that $\mathcal{U}$ is equal for every region of a composite system in a steady state, and examples are given of supercanonical and subcanonical states.
Quasi-exact ground-state algorithm for the random-field Potts model
Creators: name: Kumar, Manoj
name: Weigel, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of combinatorial optimization algorithms has contributed substantially to the major progress that has occurred in recent years in the understanding of the physics of disordered systems, such as the random-field Ising model. While for this system exact ground states can be computed efficiently in polynomial time, the related random-field Potts model is {\em NP\} hard computationally. While thus exact ground states cannot be computed for large systems in this case, approximation schemes based on graph cuts and related techniques can be used. Here we show how a combination of such methods with repeated runs allows for a systematic extrapolation of relevant system properties to the ground state. The method is benchmarked on a special class of disorder samples for which exact ground states are available.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Basic concept in plasma diagnostics
Creators: name: Rai, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the basic concept of various plasma diagnostics used for the study of plasma characteristics in different plasma experiments ranging from low temperature to high energy density plasma.
Impact of Correlated Noise on the Mass Precision of Earth-analog Planets in Radial Velocity Surveys
Creators: name: Luhn, Jacob K.
name: Ford, Eric B.
name: Guo, Zhao
name: Gilbertson, Christian
name: Newman, Patrick
name: Plavchan, Peter
name: Burt, Jennifer A.
name: Teske, Johanna
name: Gupta, Arvind F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterizing the masses and orbits of near-Earth-mass planets is crucial for interpreting observations from future direct imaging missions (e.g., HabEx, LUVOIR). Therefore, the Exoplanet Science Strategy report (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2018) recommended further research so future extremely precise radial velocity surveys could contribute to the discovery and/or characterization of near-Earth-mass planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars prior to the launch of these future imaging missions. Newman et al. (2021) simulated such 10-year surveys under various telescope architectures, demonstrating they can precisely measure the masses of potentially habitable Earth-mass planets in the absence of stellar variability. Here, we investigate the effect of stellar variability on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the planet mass measurements in these simulations. We find that correlated noise due to active regions has the largest effect on the observed mass SNR, reducing the SNR by a factor of $\sim$5.5 relative to the no-variability scenario -- granulation reduces by a factor of $\sim$3, while p-mode oscillations has little impact on the proposed survey strategies. We show that in the presence of correlated noise, 5-cm s$^{-1}$ instrumental precision offers little improvement over 10-cm s$^{-1}$ precision, highlighting the need to mitigate astrophysical variability. With our noise models, extending the survey to 15 years doubles the number of Earth-analogs with mass SNR $>$ 10, and reaching this threshold for any Earth-analog orbiting a star $>$ 0.76 M$_{\odot}$ in a 10-year survey would require an increase in number of observations per star from that in Newman et al. (2021).
description: 30 pages, 9 figures, accepted in AJ
QONNING BIOKIMYOVIY TAXLILI HAMDA BIOAKTIV MODDALAR
Creators: name: Gadoyeva, Barno
name: Azimova, Nodirabegim
name: Mamayusupova, Fotima
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Qonning biokimyoviy taxlili organizmdagi turli bioaktiv moddalar miqdorini aniqlash, shuningdek, aʼzolar (jigar, buyrak, yurak) faoliyatini baholashda muhim diagnostik usul hisoblanadi. Ushbu tahlil orqali glyukoza, kreatinin, urea, lipidlar (xolesterin, triglitseridlar) va elektrolitlar (natriy, kaliy, xlor) kabi biokimyoviy parametrlar o‘lchanadi. Glyukoza darajasi, ayniqsa, diabetni tashxislash va monitoring qilishda katta ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, oshqozon och holatda qonda glyukoza miqdori 126 mg/dL yoki undan yuqori bo‘lsa, diabet tashxisi qo‘yiladi. Kreatinin va urea darajalari buyraklarning filtratsion funksiyasini baholashda, lipidlar darajalari esa yurak-qon tomir kasalliklari riskini aniqlashda qo‘llaniladi. Qonning biokimyoviy tahlili klinik diagnostikada asosiy vosita bo‘lib, organizmning umumiy holatini, metabolik holatni va aʼzo faoliyatlarini baholashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi.
The Bimodal Absorption System Imaging Campaign (BASIC) I. A Dual Population of Low-metallicity Absorbers at z $<1$
Creators: name: Berg, Michelle A.
name: Lehner, Nicolas
name: Howk, J. Christopher
name: O'Meara, John M.
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Straka, Lorrie A.
name: Cooksey, Kathy L.
name: Tripp, Todd M.
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Oppenheimer, Benjamin D.
name: Johnson, Sean D.
name: Muzahid, Sowgat
name: Bordoloi, Rongmon
name: Werk, Jessica K.
name: Fox, Andrew J.
name: Katz, Neal
name: Wendt, Martin
name: Peeples, Molly S.
name: Ribaudo, Joseph
name: Tumlinson, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bimodal absorption system imaging campaign (BASIC) aims to characterize the galaxy environments of a sample of 36 HI-selected partial Lyman limit systems (pLLSs) and Lyman limit systems (LLSs) in 23 QSO fields at $z \lesssim 1$. These pLLSs/LLSs provide a unique sample of absorbers with unbiased and well-constrained metallicities, allowing us to explore the origins of metal-rich and low-metallicity circumgalactic medium (CGM) at $z<1$. Here we present Keck/KCWI and VLT/MUSE observations of 11 of these QSO fields (19 pLLSs) that we combine with HST/ACS imaging to identify and characterize the absorber-associated galaxies. We find 23 unique absorber-associated galaxies, with an average of one associated galaxy per absorber. For seven absorbers, all with $<10\%$ solar metallicities, we find no associated galaxies with $\log M_\star \gtrsim 9.0$ within $ρ/R_{vir}$ and $|Δv|/v_{esc} \le$ 1.5 with respect to the absorber. We do not find any strong correlations between the metallicities or HI column densities of the gas and most of the galaxy properties, except for the stellar mass of the galaxies: the low-metallicity ([X/H] $\le -1.4$) systems have a probability of $0.39^{+0.16}_{-0.15}$ for having a host galaxy with $\log M_\star \ge 9.0$ within $ρ/R_{vir} \le 1.5$, while the higher metallicity absorbers have a probability of $0.78^{+0.10}_{-0.13}$. This implies metal-enriched pLLSs/LLSs at $z<1$ are typically associated with the CGM of galaxies with $\log M_\star > 9.0$, whereas low-metallicity pLLSs/LLSs are found in more diverse locations, with one population arising in the CGM of galaxies and another more broadly distributed in overdense regions of the universe. Using absorbers not associated with galaxies, we estimate the unweighted geometric mean metallicity of the intergalactic medium to be [X/H] $\lesssim -2.1$ at $z<1$, which is lower than previously estimated.
description: Key figures: 13 and 18. Modified abstract. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Updated after referee comments, expanded subsection 4.4
Affinity enrichment and functional characterization of TRAX1, a novel transcription activator and X1-sequence-binding protein of HLA-DRA.
Creators: name: Peterlin, B M
name: Itoh-Lindstrom, Y
name: Ting, J P
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: The promoters of all class II major histocompatibility (MHC) genes contain a positive regulatory motif, the X element. The DNA-binding proteins specific for this element are presumed to play a critical role in gene expression, although there is a paucity of functional studies supporting this role. In this study, the X-box-binding proteins of HLA-DRA were affinity purified from HeLa nuclear extracts. Fractions 46 to 48 contained an X-box-binding activity and were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays to be specific for the X1 element. This X1 sequence-binding-protein, transcriptional activator X1 (TRAX1), was shown to be a specific transcriptional activator of the HLA-DRA promoter in an in vitro transcription assay. By UV cross-linking analysis, the approximate molecular mass of TRAX1 including the bound DNA was determined to be 40 kDa. When the TRAX1 complex was incubated with antibodies against a known recombinant X-box-binding protein, RFX1, and tested in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, TRAX1 was neither shifted nor blocked by the antibody. Further analysis with methylation interference showed that TRAX1 bound to the 5' end of the X1 sequence at -109 and -108 and created hypersensitive sites at -114, -113, and -97. This methylation interference pattern is distinct from those of the known X1-binding proteins RFX1, RFX, NF-Xc, and NF-X. Taken together, our results indicate that TRAX1 is a novel X1-sequence-binding protein and transcription activator of HLA-DRA.
Comparing Channel Restrictions of Communicating State Machines, High-level Message Sequence Charts, and Multiparty Session Types
Creators: name: Stutz, Felix
name: Zufferey, Damien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Communicating state machines provide a formal foundation for distributed computation. Unfortunately, they are Turing-complete and, thus, challenging to analyse. In this paper, we classify restrictions on channels which have been proposed to work around the undecidability of verification questions. We compare half-duplex communication, existential B-boundedness, and k-synchronisability. These restrictions do not prevent the communication channels from growing arbitrarily large but still restrict the power of the model. Each restriction gives rise to a set of languages so, for every pair of restrictions, we check whether one subsumes the other or if they are incomparable. We investigate their relationship in two different contexts: first, the one of communicating state machines, and, second, the one of communication protocol specifications using high-level message sequence charts. Surprisingly, these two contexts yield different conclusions. In addition, we integrate multiparty session types, another approach to specify communication protocols, into our classification. We show that multiparty session type languages are half-duplex, existentially 1-bounded, and 1-synchronisable. To show this result, we provide the first formal embedding of multiparty session types into high-level message sequence charts.
description: In Proceedings GandALF 2022, arXiv:2209.09333. The extended version of this paper, containing all proofs, can be found at arXiv:2208.05559
Combined experimental and theoretical study of hydrostatic (He-gas) pressure effects in $α$-RuCl$_3$
Creators: name: Wolf, B.
name: Kaib, D. A. S.
name: Razpopov, A.
name: Biswas, S.
name: Riedl, K.
name: Winter, S. M.
name: Valentí, R.
name: Saito, Y.
name: Hartmann, S.
name: Vinokurova, E.
name: Doert, T.
name: Isaeva, A.
name: Bastien, G.
name: Wolter, A. U. B.
name: Büchner, B.
name: Lang, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a detailed experimental and theoretical study on the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the structural and magnetic aspects of the layered honeycomb antiferromagent $α$-RuCl$_{3}$. Magnetic susceptibility measurements performed under almost ideal hydrostatic-pressure conditions yield that the phase transition to zigzag-type antiferromagnetic order at $T_N$ = 7.3 K can be rapidly suppressed to about 6.1 K. A further suppression with increasing pressure is impeded due to the occurrence of a pressure-induced structural transition at $p \geq$ 104 MPa, accompanied by a strong dimerization of Ru-Ru bonds, which gives rise to a collapse of the magnetic susceptibility. Whereas the dimerization transition is strongly first order, as reflected by large discontinuous changes in $χ$ and pronounced hysteresis effects, the magnetic transition under varying pressure and magnetic field also reveals indications for a weakly first-order transition. We assign this observation to a strong magnetoelastic coupling in this system. Measurements of $χ$ under varying pressure in the paramagnetic regime ($T > T_N$) and before dimerization ($p <$ 100 MPa) reveal a considerable increase of $χ$ with pressure. These experimental observations are consistent with the results of ab-initio Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations on the pressure-dependent structure and the corresponding pressure-dependent magnetic model. Comparative susceptibility measurements on a second crystal showing two consecutive magnetic transitions instead of one, indicating the influence of stacking faults. Using different temperature-pressure protocols the effect of these stacking faults can be temporarily overcome, transforming the magnetic state from a multiple-$T_N$ into a single-$T_N$ state.
A Prismatic Analyser concept for Neutron Spectrometers
Creators: name: Birk, Jonas O
name: Markó, Márton
name: Freeman, Paul G
name: Jacobsen, Johan
name: Christensen, Niels B
name: Niedermayer, Christof
name: Rønnow, Henrik M
name: Lefmann, Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A development in modern neutron spectroscopy is to avoid the need of large samples. We demonstrate how small samples together with the right choice of analyser and detector components makes distance collimation an important concept in crystal analyser spectrometers. We further show that this opens new possibilities where neutrons with different energies are reflected by the same analyser but counted in different detectors, thus improving both energy resolution and total count rate compared to conventional spectrometers. The technique can be combined with advanced focusing geometries and with multiplexing instrument designs. We present a combination of simulations and data with 3 energies from one analyser. The data was taken on a prototype installed at PSI, Switzerland, and shows excellent agreement with the predictions. Typical improvements will be 2 times finer resolution and a factor 1.9 in flux gain compared to a Rowland geometry or 3 times finer resolution and a factor 3.2 in flux gain compared to a single flat analyser slab.
Linearity Characterization and Uncertainty Quantification of Spectroradiometers via Maximum Likelihood and the Non-parametric Bootstrap
Creators: name: Pintar, Adam L.
name: Levine, Zachary H.
name: Yoon, Howard W.
name: Maxwell, Stephen E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A technique for characterizing and correcting the linearity of radiometric instruments is known by the names the "flux-addition method" and the "combinatorial technique". In this paper, we develop a rigorous uncertainty quantification method for use with this technique and illustrate its use with both synthetic data and experimental data from a "beam conjoiner" instrument. We present a probabilistic model that relates the instrument readout to a set of unknown fluxes via a set of polynomial coefficients. Maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the unknown fluxes and polynomial coefficients are recommended, while a non-parametric bootstrap algorithm enables uncertainty quantification (e.g., it can return standard errors). The synthetic data represent plausible outputs of a radiometric instrument and enable testing and validation of the method. The MLEs for these data are found to be approximately unbiased, and confidence intervals derived from the bootstrap replicates are found to be consistent with their target coverage of 95 %. For the polynomial coefficients, the relative bias was less than 1 % and the observed coverages range from 90 % to 97 %. The experimental data set is used to illustrate how a complete calibration with uncertainties can be achieved using the method plus one well-known flux level. The uncertainty contribution attributable to estimation of the instrument's nonlinear response is less than 0.02 % over most of its range.