cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mineral and Redox Controls on Soil Carbon Cycling in Seasonally Flooded Soils
Creators: name: LaCroix, Rachelle
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: Soils contain nearly three times the amount of carbon (C) than the atmosphere, with C turnover times ranging from centuries to millennia. Although wetland soils represent a relatively small portion of the terrestrial landscape, they account for an estimated 20-30% of the global C reservoir. Seasonally flooded soils are likely the most vulnerable wetlands to climate change, as changing temperature and precipitation patterns are expected to alter the timing and duration of flooding. Seasonal variations in soil moisture are recognized as a critical control on soil C stocks and CO2emissions. However, the relative influence of associated changes in soil oxygen availability, root dynamics and the stability of mineral-organic associations are largely unknown. The overarching goal of this study was to examine the relative influence of redox state, root density and mineralogy on C cycling within seasonally flooded soil. To accomplish this goal, we combined seasonal monitoring of soil moisture, redox potential, and carbon dioxide emissions with a characterization of organic matter composition, mineralogy and root biomass along upland to lowland transects. We found that water saturation was the limiting factor for CO2emissions from seasonal flooded lowland soils, whereas soil temperature primarily regulated emissions from upland soils. Seasonal water saturation also resulted in topsoil C accumulation in lowlands compared to uplands, despite experiencing prolonged aerobic periods. Moreover, the C that accumulated in lowland topsoils was more chemically reduced compared to upland soils. However, the C chemistry in the subsoil showed the opposite trend of being more reduced in uplands compared to lowland subsoils. In sum, our results suggest that anaerobically protected soil C in seasonal flooded soils is particularly vulnerable to changing moisture regimes in response to climate change. To what extent this expected C loss is compensated by upland plant encroachment, or the neoformation of mineral-organic associations, warrants future research.
The Vector Meson Form Factor Analysis in Light-Front Dynamics
Creators: name: Bakker, Bernard L. G.
name: Choi, Ho-Meoyng
name: Ji, Chueng-Ryong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the form factors of vector mesons using a covariant fermion field theory model in $(3+1)$ dimensions. Performing a light-front calculation in the $q^+ =0$ frame in parallel with a manifestly covariant calculation, we note the existence of a nonvanishing zero-mode contribution to the light-front current $J^+$ and find a way of avoiding the zero-mode in the form factor calculations. Upon choosing the light-front gauge ($\ep^+_{h=\pm}=0$) with circular polarization and with spin projection $h=\uparrow\downarrow=\pm$, only the helicity zero to zero matrix element of the plus current receives zero-mode contributions. Therefore, one can obtain the exact light-front solution of the form factors using only the valence contribution if only the helicity components, $(h'h)=(++),(+-)$, and $(+0)$, are used. We also compare our results obtained from the light-front gauge in the light-front helicity basis (i.e. $h=\pm,0$) with those obtained from the non-LF gauge in the instant form linear polarization basis (i.e. $h=x,y,z$) where the zero-mode contributions to the form factors are unavoidable.
description: 33 pages; typo in Eq.(15) is corrected; comment on Ref.[9] is corrected; version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Supplementary materials from Loss of miR-143 and miR-145 in condyloma acuminatum promotes cellular proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by targeting NRAS.
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaoyan
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Wang, Su
name: Liu, Guoying
name: Ruan, Liming
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018

description: The expression profile of miRNAs and their function in condyloma acuminatum (CA) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to detect the effects of miR-143 and miR-145, the most downregulated in CA samples using high-throughput sequencing, on cell proliferation and apoptosis, to determine a novel therapeutic target for CA recurrence. RT-qPCR was used to validate the lower expression of miR-143 and miR-145 in a larger size of CA samples, and the expression of NRAS in CA samples was significantly higher than self-controls as determined by western blotting assay. Luciferase assay was performed to confirm that miR-143 or miR-145 targeted NRAS directly. Transduction of LV-pre-miR-143 or LV-pre-miR-145 to human papilloma virus (HPV)-infected SiHa cells led to reduced proliferation, greater apoptosis and inhibition of expression of NRAS, PI3 K p110α and p-AKT. However, knockout of miR-143 or miR-145 in human epidermal keratinocytes by delivery of CRISPR/CAS9-gRNA for target miRNAs protected cells from apoptosis and upregulated expression of target genes as described above. MiR-143 and miR-145 sensitized cells to nutlin-3a, a p53 activator and MDM2 antagonist, while their loss protected cells from the stress of nutlin-3a. Furthermore, siRNA targeting NRAS showed similar effects on proliferation and apoptosis as miR-143 or miR-145. Taken together, our results suggest that loss of miR-143 or miR-145 in CA protects HPV-infected cells from apoptosis induced by environmental stress, in addition to promoting cellular proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis by targeting NRAS/PI3 K/ATK. Restoration of miR-143 or miR-145 might provide an applicable and novel approach to block the recurrence and progression of CA.
Remains To Be Seen: Recollecting Memory
Creators: name: Kooperkamp, Nathanael
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
Remains to be Seen, a multi-media installation, provides the opportunity for reconfiguration, re-contextualization and re-remembering of visual memory. Geoffry Cubit, a historian of memory, has noted that “memory has no fixed, stable, unitary meaning to which we can invariably recur: it has always been, and legitimately, a concept in flux and under review”.[1]My work in this exhibition (and as discussed throughout this paper) addresses the unstable and revisionist nature of memory—both culturally and individually. Additionally, I attempt to address how memory (collective, visual, familial and individual) is implicated in the creation of selfhood, of personal narrative, and of family myth. In this exhibition, I marry traditional print and paper-making techniques with contemporary digital technologies to explore the ways in which memory is created and re-created by and across individuals, families, and social-historical contexts. I use family video footage from 1950’s Kentucky to utilize the nostalgia for another time, confronting and exposing problematic familial and cultural ideology and narratives. While images from the past may evoke sentimentality, the use of moving images over still digital print allows viewers to reflect on narrative interplay among static and mobile images in order to confront, expose and rework this tendency. Rather than portraying a static narrative of the past, I use the moving image to decontextualize the vernacular of the print. The images then function as a catalyst for and invitation to dialogue between the past and the present.
[1]Geoffry Cubit, History and Memory, (NYC: Manchester University Press, 2007), 7.
Electroplating of Copper on Tungsten Powder
Creators: name: Berdos, Richard
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: Strengthening, resistant and shielding properties, to name a few, can be achieved by implementing a surface material coating onto an engineering component. Various elements of these compounded parts can augment the functionality of the part, such as, increased life time and more interactive surfaces. Tungsten has proven to be a challenge to plate with other metals, but if done correctly, the results can allow for the cold spray of tungsten. Cold spraying tungsten particles alone provides a challenge because the powder is too hard and instead of adhering, it erodes the surface it is attempting to plate. Coating tungsten in a softer metal, like copper, will allow for the particles to adhere to the surface and create a strengthened and radiation shielded component. It also yields a better surface to electroplate onto in the future, as tungsten itself is hard to plate onto, so the copper layer provides the ability to easily plate other metals.
The purpose of this thesis project is to encapsulate tungsten powder within copper, then scale up the process to produce bulk amounts of the material in a batch process. The particles will be encased using an electroplating method, that has been vi turned into a semi-autonomous process for the ease of producing bulk powder. While electroless deposition has previously shown positive results for attaining a uniform coating, making it a semi-batch process for bulk material would have an extreme cost in comparison to electrolytic deposition. The tungsten particles have been successfully enclosed in copper by electrolytic deposition in this set of experimentation using an HF electro-etch pretreatment and ultrasonic agitation during electroplating. Further experimentation will include improved methods of stirring and transferring powder, as the transfer takes too long between the etch and the onset of plating and the stirring method is bulky and reduces the area that can be efficiently plated on.
Fourier Restriction to a Hyperbolic Cone
Creators: name: Bruce, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B20

description: Using a bilinear restriction theorem of Lee and a bilinear-to-linear argument of Stovall, we obtain the conjectured range of Fourier restriction estimates for a conical hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^4$ with hyperbolic cross sections.
description: 12 pages
Euphausia pacifica as a source of 8(R)-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid (8R-HEPE), 8(R)-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (8R-HETE) and 10(R)-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (10R-HDHA)
Creators: name: Yamada, Hidetoshi
name: Kumagai, Kanako
name: Uemura, Aiko
name: Yuki, Sayaka
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: Although not fully investigated, 8-HEPE, 8-HETE, and 10-HDHA have potentially beneficial effects for human health. Euphausia pacifica (North Pacific krill) is unique in containing several ppm level of 8R-HEPE, and sub-ppm levels of 8R-HETE and 10R-HDHA. Obtaining sufficient quantities of these compounds is a major bottleneck for conducting in vivo experiments to evaluate their biological activities. In this study, we examined an efficient way of obtaining 8R-HEPE, 8R-HETE, and 10R-HDHA by enzymatic production in E. pacifica. We devised a novel method to purify 199.4 mg of 8R-HEPE, 2.1 mg of 8R-HETE and 5.6 mg of 10R-HDHA from 1 kg of E. pacifica. We identified the stereochemistry of the hydroxy group at C-8 of HEPE and HETE and C-10 of HDHA as the R configuration by chiral column chromatography analysis using LC/QTOFMS. Abbreviations: 8-HEPE: 8-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid; 8-HETE: 8-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid; 10-HDHA: 10-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; TLC-FID, thin layer chromatograph-Flame Ionization Detector; LC/QTOFMS: liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. A novel method to pulify 8R-HEPE, 8R-HETE, and 10R-HDHA from E. pacifica.
Quantum transport using the Ford-Kac-Mazur formalism
Creators: name: Dhar, Abhishek
name: Shastry, B. Sriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ford-Kac-Mazur formalism is used to study quantum transport in (1) electronic and (2) harmonic oscillator systems connected to general reservoirs. It is shown that for non-interacting systems the method is easy to implement and is used to obtain many exact results on electrical and thermal transport in one-dimensional disordered wires. Some of these have earlier been obtained using nonequilibrium Green function methods. We examine the role that reservoirs and contacts can have on determining the transport properties of a wire and find several interesting effects.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
How the antisymmetrization affects a cluster-cluster interaction: two-cluster systems
Creators: name: Vasilevsky, V. S.
name: Lashko, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study effects of the antisymmetrization on the potential energy of two-cluster systems. The object of the investigation is the lightest nuclei of p-shell with a dominant alpha-cluster channel. For this aim we construct matrix elements of two-cluster potential energy between cluster oscillator functions with and without full antisymmetrization. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the potential energy matrix are studied in detail. Eigenfunctions of the potential energy operator are presented in oscillator, coordinate and momentum spaces. We demonstrate that the Pauli principle affects more strongly the eigenfunctions than the eigenvalues of the matrix and leads to the formation of resonance and trapped states.
description: 45 pages, 23 figures, submitted to Ann. Phys
Use of alamarBlue as an Indicator of Microbial Growth in Turbid Solutions for Antimicrobial Evaluation
Creators: name: Henshaw, Precious
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: The use of antibiotics in animal feed is a large cause of concern due to bacterial resistance, which occurs when bacteria change after exposure to antibiotics and become less affected by the drug. Consequently, the desire to find a replacement for these antibiotics has garnered interest in both farmers and consumers. The ideal substance would display antimicrobial activity without promoting bacterial resistance and would still function as a growth promoter in animals. One antimicrobial that fits this criterion is carvacrol, a compound found in oregano extract. Carvacrol exhibits antimicrobial activity in a number of bacteria, including E.coli O157:H7 and S. enteritidis. In this study, the effectiveness of carvacrol nanoemulsions against E.coli and S. enteritidis growth in a micro-broth dilution assay was tested, as well as the use of alamarBlueTM dye reagent as a bacterial viability indicator. The carvacrol nanoemulsion was diluted in TSB to obtain 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125, and 62.5 ppm, then aliquots of 100 μl of each dilution were added to a 96-well microtiter plate. Test group wells were inoculated with 100 μl of microorganism while control cells remained uninoculated, and the plate was incubated for 24h at 37 °C. After incubation, 10μl of alamarBlueTM was added to each well, and the microtiter plate was incubated for one hour. After one hour, the color changes were analyzed both visually and via fluorescence. Additionally, a traditional plating assay in which samples were plated on tryptic soy agar was done alongside the microtiter plate assay. It was found that the minimum inhibitory concentration of carvacrol needed to inhibit E. coli growth was 500ppm, and to inhibit S. enteritidis growth was 800ppm. These results show that carvacrol may be suitable as a possible replacement for antibiotic in animal feed in the future.
Some mutations in the xeroderma pigmentosum D gene may lead to moderate but significant radiosensitivity associated with a delayed radiation-induced ATM nuclear localization
Creators: name: Ferlazzo, Mélanie
name: Berthel, Elise
name: Granzotto, Adeline
name: Devic, Clément
name: Sonzogni, Laurène
name: Jean-Thomas Bachelet
name: Pereira, Sandrine
name: Bourguignon, Michel
name: Sarasin, Alain
name: Mezzina, Mauro
name: Foray, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose: Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare, recessive genetic disease associated with photosensitivity, skin cancer proneness, neurological abnormalities and impaired nucleotide excision repair of the UV-induced DNA damage. Less frequently, XP can be associated with sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). Here, a complete radiobiological characterization was performed on a panel of fibroblasts derived from XP-group D patients (XPD). Materials and methods: Cellular radiosensitivity and the functionality of the recognition and repair of chromosome breaks and DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) was evaluated by different techniques including clonogenic cell survival, micronuclei, premature chromosome condensation, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, chromatin decondensation and immunofluorescence assays. Quantitative correlations between each endpoint were analyzed systematically. Results: Among the seven fibroblast cell lines tested, those derived from three non-relative patients holding the p.[Arg683Trp];[Arg616Pro] XPD mutations showed significant cellular radiosensitivity, high yield of residual micronuclei, incomplete DSB recognition, DSB and chromosome repair defects, impaired ATM, MRE11 relocalization, significant chromatin decondensation. Interestingly, XPD transduction and treatment with statins and bisphosphonates known to accelerate the radiation-induced ATM nucleoshuttling led to significant complementation of these impairments. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that some subsets of XPD patients may be at risk of radiosensitivity reactions and treatment with statins and bisphosphonates may be an interesting approach of radioprotection countermeasure. Different mechanistic models were discussed to better understand the potential specificity of the p.[Arg683Trp];[Arg616Pro] XPD mutations.
Relationship between shallow foundation shape and contact area, and the settlement in granular soils
Creators: name: Starkey, Thomas P.
name: Alireza A. Ahangar
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The aim of this investigation is to discover the effects of foundation shape and contact area on foundation settlement. There is little research at the current time which relates the increase in size or scale effects to the settlement, with current research in the subject area being much more focused on bearnig capacity, [1], [2]. This is carried out using Oasys [3], a geotechnical software that predicts the settlement of foundations when a pressure load is applied to a foundation. The results showed a clear relationship between area of foundation and maximum settlement. As expected, as area increases so does the settlement, however, it is seen that there are clear differences between the effects from different shapes of foundations in terms of settlement values. It was discovered that the data shows similar patterns between different shapes, however the values for each shape do vary .
A model for lepton flavor violating non-standard neutrino interactions
Creators: name: Farzan, Yasaman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for Lepton Flavor Violating (LFV) neutral current non-standard interactions of neutrinos with matter fields parameterized by $ε_{αβ}^f$ with $α\ne β$. Here, unlike the previous models, the ratios of the off-diagonal LFV elements of the effective NSI coupling to the diagonal lepton flavor conserving ones ({\it i.e.,} $(ε_{αβ}^f)^2/(ε_{αα}^f ε_{ββ}^f)$ ) are arbitrary. The model enjoys rich phenomenology, predicting invisible Higgs decay and new meson decay modes observable in upcoming experiments. The model for $ε_{μe}^f$ also predicts a $μ^-$ to $e^-$ conversion rate on nuclei accessible in the planned experiments.
description: 10 pages, v2: typos corrected
How Students of Japanese Perceive and Use Technology
Creators: name: Rubino, David
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: The role of technology in education has expanded to a near universal reality. In foreign languages the field of Technology-enhanced Language Learning, has long sought to effectively implement instruction with these tools, and often to great success, often through the guise of Computer-assisted Language Learning. However, most studies investigating the student perception of class structures incorporating technology are based on what instructors have implemented.
Students, the counterparts of instructors, often own more than one technological tool and will often employ these tools in their studies. For learners of foreign languages, certain aspects of technology are selected for various tasks based on personal beliefs on how effective these modes of technology may be.
This study seeks to discover which technologies students of Japanese select, how they employ those tools and if it makes them feel more confident in their studies. This study also seeks to answer how much technology students wish their instructors would use and hopefully inspire foreign language instructors to adopt technology in a way that aligns with student preference.
Search for dark photons in decays of Higgs bosons produced in association with Z bosons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is presented for a Higgs boson that is produced in association with a Z boson and that decays to an undetected particle together with an isolated photon. The search is performed by the CMS Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$ recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant excess of events above the expectation from the standard model background is found. The results are interpreted in the context of a theoretical model in which the undetected particle is a massless dark photon. An upper limit is set on the product of the cross section for associated Higgs and Z boson production and the branching fraction for such a Higgs boson decay, as a function of the Higgs boson mass. For a mass of 125 GeV, assuming the standard model production cross section, this corresponds to an observed (expected) upper limit on this branching fraction of 4.6 (3.6)% at 95% confidence level. These are the first limits on Higgs boson decays to final states that include an undetected massless dark photon.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures and tables, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-19-007 (CMS Public Pages)
An Evaluation of Alternative Indicators of Commodity Instability
Creators: name: Offutt, Susan E.
name: Blandford, David
name: Offutt, Susan E.
name: Blandford, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Public Economics

description: Date on ten U.S. field crops for the period 1950 to 1977 are used to determine whether alternative single variable measures provide the same assessment of relative variability. The results demonstrate that the measurement and analysis of instability may be highly dependent on the choice of indicator.
Inference of Dark Matter Density Profiles of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies via Distribution Functions
Creators: name: Liu, Mao Sheng
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter consist of about 25% of our universe, yet the nature of the dark matter is still unknown. Our current understanding of the cosmology is presented in the theory of
 CDM. The theory predicts a cold dark matter (CDM). It is very successful at explaining large-scale structures in the distribution of galaxies and of the cosmic microwave background. However, at small-scale there are controversies. One persistent controversy regards the dark
matter density profi le at the center of the dwarf galaxy. The theory of CDM predicts a steep profi le that diverges as r-1, while the observations tend to suggest a flatter pro file.
The resolution of this controversy could provide a milestone in our understanding of the nature of dark matter. This work is intended to contribute to that eff ort by studying
the dark matter density profi les of the dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph). Dwarf satellite galaxies around Milky Way are some of the most dark matter dominated system we know, and without active star formation they are excellent laboratories to resolve this dichotomy. This thesis presents new methodology that analyzes data with foreground contamination to create the first fully consistent inferences of dSph mass density pro file. We analyze Fornax
and Sculptor dSph as the fi rst applications. Direct Bayesian inference is made with the kinematic data of each galaxy, using both Osipkov-Merritt and Strigari Frenk and White
(SFW) stellar distribution functions. The result shows that Fornax has enough data to constrain the dark matter central density profi le. It also shows that depending on the
consistency of modeling foreground contaminants, totally opposite results in central density profi le can be obtained. That shows the importance and the need for consistent treatment of foreground contaminants in future analysis. For the cases where likelihood calculation becomes intractable, kernel density estimation is applied to sample points to approximate the underlying density. Test inferences show that the approximation can reliably recover dark matter density profi les. Machine learning methods are also applied to address this challenge. Mixture Density Network (MDN) shows great promise, although improvement in training is needed to narrow down the prediction uncertainty.
Simulation of the CERN-SPS crystal extraction experiment
Creators: name: Biryukov, Valery M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulation of the CERN crystal-extraction experiments at the SPS, including the real crystal geometry and SPS parameters, as well as multiple turns and passes, has been performed. Two crystals with different geometry have been tried. We argue that in both cases the extraction experiment suffered from the crystal edge imperfection. For the experimental conditions reproduced, the efficiency of the first (twisted) crystal was found to be 12-18% (peak) in the angular range of 140-260 microrad (FWHM), depending on the vertical beam position at the crystal location. For the second (U-shaped) crystal the peak efficiency was much the same, ~19%, while the angular scan FWHM reduced to 70 microrad. These results, as well as the beam profiles, are in agreement with measurements. Finally we suggest some ways to advance this experiment.
description: 3 pages
Evaluation of interactive effects of UV light and nano encapsulation on the toxicity of azoxystrobin on zebrafish
Creators: name: Yueyang Zhang
name: Sheedy, Claudia
name: Nilsson, Denise
name: Goss, Greg G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: The use of nanotechnology to enhance pesticide formulations holds the promise of reduced pesticide use, reduced mobility in soils, and overall improvements in agricultural practices while simultaneously maintaining yields. However, the toxicity of nano-enabled pesticides, including azoxystrobin (Az), has not been well studied compared with their conventional form. This study investigates both lethal and sub-lethal endpoints in zebrafish embryos up to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf) under either laboratory light or simulated UV light. The median lethal concentration (LC50) value of nano-enabled Az (nAz) was significantly lower than the conventional form (Az). Interestingly, artificial UV light significantly increased toxicity (decreased LC50) of both Az and nAz. Malformations were not observed but the remaining yolk sac volume was significantly increased in both types of Az at both light conditions. This decreased yolk consumption is in agreement with reduced oxygen consumption and heart rate. Catalase enzyme activity was only reduced to UV light while superoxide dismutase activity was significantly reduced by co-exposure of UV light, and either type of Az at a nominal concentration of 100 μg L−1. The co-exposure of Az at 100 μg L−1 and UV light significantly upregulated sod1, sod2, and gpx1b expression and both types of Az significantly reduced gpx1a expression. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in nAz and Az at 100 μg L−1 under laboratory light, while UV light induced even higher level of lipid peroxidation. The results will provide important information on the toxicity of nAz under ecologically realistic conditions.
Agri-Wise Macedonia - A New Decision Support System for Farm Management in Contrast to Current Practices
Creators: name: Martinovska-Stojcheska, Aleksandra
name: Martinovska-Stojcheska, Aleksandra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The objective of this paper is to test a new model for farm business management, as a tool for farm management planning for extension and advisory application, and compare it to current practices in Macedonia. The model used is the Farm Business Plan Agriwise, developed by the Swedish Agricultural University (SLU) and adjusted to Macedonian conditions. The plan represents a basis for appraisal of the profitability, capital return and financing from different operating alternatives. Besides exploiting the business plan as an internal tool for self-evaluation and strategic planning, it also functions as a material for external presentation. The proposed decision support system brings data from different disciplines together to an entirety needed in farm business planning. In this context, relevant experiences from the literature are reviewed. The research method includes cases where advisors compare the case farm advisory situation, based on currents methods in contrast to an application of the new Agriwise model. The advisors’ conceptions are then summarized in terms of advantages and disadvantages rising from the use of this model for the farm’s investment and production structure decisions. The expected outcome is to obtain an assessment of the new model by advisors as well as a foundation for further adaptation of the model to Macedonian conditions and use in the advisor-farmer cooperation.
Positively-deflected anomaly mediation
Creators: name: Okada, Nobuchika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the so-called ``deflected anomaly mediation'' scenario to the case where threshold corrections of heavy messengers to the sparticle squared-masses are positive. A concrete model realizing this scenario is also presented. The tachyonic slepton problem can be fixed with only a pair of messengers. The resultant sparticle mass spectrum is quite different from that in the conventional deflected anomaly mediation scenario, but is similar to the one in the gauge mediation scenario. The lightest sparticle is mostly B-ino.
description: LaTeX2e, 13 pages, 3 figures
Aniotropy of in-plane g-factor of electrons in HgTe quantum wells
Creators: name: Minkov, G. M.
name: Aleshkin, V. Ya.
name: Rut, O. E.
name: Sherstobitov, A. A.
name: Dvoretski, S. A.
name: Mikhailov, N. N.
name: Germanenko, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of experimental studies of the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) efect in the (013)-HgTe/Hg$_{1-x}$Cd$_x$Te quantum wells (QWs) of electron type of conductivity both with normal and inverted energy spectrum are reported. Comprehensive analysis of the SdH oscillations measured for the different orientations of magnetic field relative to the quantum well plane and crystallographic exes allows us to investigate the anisotropy of the Zeeman effect. For the QWs with inverted spectrum, it has been shown that the ratio of the spin splitting to the orbital one is strongly dependent not only on the orientation of the magnetic field relative to the QW plane but also on the orientation of the in-plane magnetic field component relative to crystallographic axes laying in the QW plane that implies the strong anisotropy of in-plane g-factor. In the QW with normal spectrum, this ratio strongly depends on the angle between the magnetic field and the normal to the QW plane and reveals a very slight anisotropy in the QW plane. To interpret the data, the Landau levels in the tilted magnetic field are calculated within the framework of four-band \emph{kP} model. It is shown that the experimental results can be quantitatively described only with taking into account the interface inversion asymmetry.
Supplementary materials from Loss of miR-143 and miR-145 in condyloma acuminatum promotes cellular proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by targeting NRAS
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaoyan
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Wang, Su
name: Liu, Guoying
name: Ruan, Liming
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018

description: The expression profile of miRNAs and their function in condyloma acuminatum (CA) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to detect the effects of miR-143 and miR-145, the most downregulated in CA samples using high-throughput sequencing, on cell proliferation and apoptosis, to determine a novel therapeutic target for CA recurrence. RT-qPCR was used to validate the lower expression of miR-143 and miR-145 in a larger size of CA samples, and the expression of NRAS in CA samples was significantly higher than self-controls as determined by western blotting assay. Luciferase assay was performed to confirm that miR-143 or miR-145 targeted NRAS directly. Transduction of LV-pre-miR-143 or LV-pre-miR-145 to human papilloma virus (HPV)-infected SiHa cells led to reduced proliferation, greater apoptosis and inhibition of expression of NRAS, PI3Kp110α and pAKT. However, knockout of miR-143 or miR-145 in human epidermal keratinocytes by delivery of CRISPR/CAS9-gRNA for target miRNAs protected cells from apoptosis and upregulated expression of target genes as described above. MiR-143 and miR-145 sensitized cells to nutlin-3a, a p53 activator and MDM2 antagonist, while their loss protected cells from the stress of nutlin-3a. Furthermore, siRNA targeting NRAS showed similar effects on proliferation and apoptosis as miR-143 or miR-145. Taken together, our results suggest that loss of miR-143 or miR-145 in CA protects HPV-infected cells from apoptosis induced by environmental stress, in addition to promoting cellular proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis by targeting NRAS/PI3 K/ATK. Restoration of miR-143 or miR-145 might provide an applicable and novel approach to block the recurrence and progression of CA.
Some mutations in the Xeroderma Pigmentosum D gene may lead to moderate but significant radiosensitivity associated with a delayed radiation-induced ATM nuclear localization
Creators: name: Ferlazzo, Mélanie
name: Berthel, Elise
name: Granzotto, Adeline
name: Devic, Clément
name: Sonzogni, Laurène
name: Jean-Thomas Bachelet
name: Pereira, Sandrine
name: Bourguignon, Michel
name: Sarasin, Alain
name: Mezzina, Mauro
name: Foray, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose: Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare, recessive genetic disease associated with photosensitivity, skin cancer proneness, neurological abnormalities and impaired nucleotide excision repair of the UV-induced DNA damage. Less frequently, XP can be associated with sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). Here, a complete radiobiological characterization was performed on a panel of fibroblasts derived from XP-group D patients (XPD). Materials and methods: Cellular radiosensitivity and the functionality of the recognition and repair of chromosome breaks and DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) was evaluated by different techniques including clonogenic cell survival, micronuclei, premature chromosome condensation, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, chromatin decondensation and immunofluorescence assays. Quantitative correlations between each endpoint were analysed systematically. Results: Among the 7 fibroblast cell lines tested, those derived from three non-relative patients holding the p.[Arg683Trp];[Arg616Pro] XPD mutations showed significant cellular radiosensitivity, high yield of residual micronuclei, incomplete DSB recognition, DSB and chromosome repair defects, impaired ATM, MRE11 relocalization, significant chromatin decondensation. Interestingly, XPD transduction and treatment with statins and bisphosphonates known to accelerate the radiation-induced ATM nucleo-shuttling led to significant complementation of these impairments. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that some subsets of XPD patients may be at risk of radiosensitivity reactions and treatment with statins and bisphosphonates may be an interesting approach of radioprotection countermeasure. Different mechanistic models were discussed to better understand the potential specificity of the p.[Arg683Trp];[Arg616Pro] XPD mutations .
Continuum percolation of simple fluids: Energetic connectivity criteria
Creators: name: Pugnaloni, Luis A.
name: Marquez, Ileana F.
name: Vericat, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the last few years, a number of works in computer simulation have focused on the clustering and percolation properties of simple fluids based in an energetic connectivity criterion proposed long ago by T.L. Hill [J. Chem. Phys. 23, 617 (1955)]. This connectivity criterion appears to be the most appropriate in the study of gas-liquid phase transition. So far, integral equation theories have relayed on a velocity-averaged version of this criterion. We show, by using molecular dynamics simulations, that this average strongly overestimates percolation densities in the Lennard-Jones fluid making unreliable any prediction based on it. Additionally, we use a recently developed integral equation theory [Phys. Rev. E 61, R6067 (2000)] to show how this velocity-average can be overcome.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
On the Stability of Rapidity Gap Analysis
Creators: name: Hongbo, Liao
name: Yuanfang, Wu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that the newly introduced moments of rapidity gaps for the event-by-event fluctuations depends on the number of events and multiplicity. The interesting ones of them are unstable under ISR energies of h-h collisions. The instability get well improved when multiplicity increases.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Spatio-Temporal Factors Affecting Human-Black Bear Interactions in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Creators: name: Buckhout, Nathan
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2014

description: Wildlife managers use models to aid in predicting high risk areas for human and black bear (Ursus americanus) interactions (HBI). These tools help managers implement management strategies to minimize HBI. Over 3,000 incidents of HBI were compiled from management reports at Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) during 1998-2011, a park with 9-10.2 million visitors per year and a black bear population of about 1,600 bears.
We used data from bear management reports along with annual visitor use, mast and bear abundance data to develop a series of generalized linear models to assess the spatial and temporal factors affecting HBI. Although HBI occurred throughout the GSMNP, 50% of all HBI occurred in five areas. The best predictor variables of HBI across four subsets of models included interaction between mast production and number of park visitors, month, vegetation cover, visitor activity, and bear abundance. Although there was not a clear relationship between visitor use and mast abundance, the number of park visitors was always relatively high and HBI increased substantially in poor mast years. HBI was more frequent during summer months when park visitation rates and more people and food were present overnight in frontcountry and backcountry camping areas. Over 43% of HBI in hemlock forests were serious. Bear abundance data were not a strong predictor of HBI, and bear bait stations may not provide a sensitive index to bear abundance.
GSMNP uses different strategies for managing HBI to protect visitors and bears. In 1991, bear proof waste disposal containers and food storage devices were placed in camping and picnic areas. In combination with aversive conditioning, HBI decreased in some areas of the park. We recommend that proactive bear management programs including education, enforcement of park regulations, and aggressive aversion conditioning of bears be implemented at the identified HBI high risk areas to provide a safer environment for both people and bears in GSMNP.
Stable Three Generation Standard--like Model From a Tachyonic Ten Dimensional Heterotic--String Vacuum
Creators: name: Faraggi, Alon E.
name: Matyas, Viktor G.
name: Percival, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it was proposed that the ten dimensional tachyonic superstring vacua may serve as good starting points for the construction of viable phenomenological models. Such phenomenologically viable models enlarge the space of possible string solutions, and may offer novel insight into some of the outstanding problems in string phenomenology. In this paper we present a three generation standard--like model that may be regarded as a compactification of a ten dimensional tachyonic vacuum. We discuss the features of the model as compared to a similar model that may be regarded as compactification of the ten dimensional $SO(16)\times SO(16)$ heterotic-string. We further argue that in the four dimensional model all the geometrical moduli are fixed perturbatively, whereas the dilaton may be fixed by hidden sector non--perturbative effects.
description: 24 pages. Standard LaTex. Added discussion on moduli stability. Published version
On the black hole content and initial mass function of 47 Tuc
Creators: name: Hénault-Brunet, Vincent
name: Gieles, Mark
name: Strader, Jay
name: Peuten, Miklos
name: Balbinot, Eduardo
name: Douglas, Kaela E. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The globular cluster (GC) 47 Tuc has recently been proposed to host an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) or a population of stellar-mass black holes (BHs). To shed light on its dark content, we present an application of self-consistent multimass models with a varying mass function and content of stellar remnants, which we fit to various observational constraints. Our best-fitting model successfully matches the observables and correctly predicts the radial distribution of millisecond pulsars and their gravitational accelerations inferred from long-term timing observations. The data favours a population of BHs with a total mass of $430^{+386}_{-301}$ $M_{\odot}$, but the most likely model has very few BHs. Since our models do not include a central IMBH and accurately reproduce the observations, we conclude that there is currently no need to invoke the presence of an IMBH in 47 Tuc. The global present-day mass function inferred is significantly depleted in low-mass stars (power-law slope $α=-0.52^{+0.17}_{-0.16}$). Given the orbit and predicted mass-loss history of this massive GC, the dearth of low-mass stars is difficult to explain with a standard initial mass function (IMF) followed by long-term preferential escape of low-mass stars driven by two-body relaxation, and instead suggests that 47 Tuc may have formed with a bottom-light IMF. We discuss alternative evolutionary origins for the flat mass function and ways to reconcile this with the low BH retention fraction. Finally, by capturing the effect of dark remnants, our method offers a new way to probe the IMF in a GC above the current main-sequence turn-off mass, for which we find a slope of $-2.49\pm0.08$.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, accepted to MNRAS after minor revision
Interpreting Dreams: Directing an Immersive Adaptation of Strindberg's A Dream Play
Creators: name: Miller, Mary-Corinne
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: This written portion of my thesis documents how I, as director, conceptualized, devised and staged an immersive adaptation of August Strindberg’s A Dream Play, with the support of a large team of collaborators including: assistant directors, dramaturgs, designers, stage managers, and actors. In this document I attempt to synthesize the discoveries I made in this process regarding the challenges and experience of directing immersive theater, including the importance of giving up directorial control and relying on my collaborators as partners in the creation of the production.
I begin with an introduction to the research I conducted into the field of immersive theater as well as my research on the work of August Strindberg, with a specific emphasis on the themes and context of A Dream Play. I then describe how I led my creative team through the process of designing a devised immersive theater production by encouraging open communication and fostering an atmosphere of trust. I also discuss the casting process and my efforts to establish an autonomous ensemble by allowing the actors to choose their own parts, write their own scripts, and devise their own scenes. I reflect on how I navigated the unpredictable nature of immersive theater, through a careful balance between detailed planning and free exploration, all the while embracing the possibility of failure as an expected part of the process. Finally, I attempt to assess the success of the production through examination of the impact it had on its audiences based on my own personal observations, as well as feedback collected through formal methods of survey.