Bonea sarasinorum Roewer 1914
Creators: name: Zhang, Chao
name: Kury, Adriano B.
name: Zhang, Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Opiliones
Podoctidae
Bonea
Bonea sarasinorum

description: Bonea sarasinorum Roewer, 1914
Figs. 5–15
Bonea sarasinorum Roewer, 1914: 88 –89, figs. 7–8; Roewer, 1923: 160–161, figs. 176–177.
Type material examined. Holotype female (wrongly reported as a male in the original description and also in Roewer 1923). Labels of NMB 20a read (Fig. 15): (1) “ Bonea sarasinorum n. g. n. sp. / Celebes: Bone-Tal + 70 m. (?)” [= Indonesia, northern Sulawesi, Minahassa Peninsula, Gorontalo province, Bone River Valley, east of Gorontalo, 70 m] / 14.I. [= January, 14, 1895], Sarasin leg. / 1 Expl. Type; and (2) [uninteligible] / 700 m / 14 Jan. Roewer 1914 reported: “Nord-Celebes (östlich von Gorontalo, Bone-Tal, bei ca. 700 m) — 1 3 — Sarasin leg., im Januar 1895.” Roewer 1923 reported: “Nord-Celebes (östlich von Gorontalo, Bone-Tal, ca 700 meter)—1 3—(Typ. Mus. Basel).” The altitude of 70 misinterpreted by Roewer in his label seems to be an error and the correct one is 700 m, as indicated both in the original label and in the publications.
Diagnosis. Interocular mound with a mid-dorsal interocular mound; carapace and scutal areas I–V each with transverse row of conspicuous hair-tipped tubercles and a paramedian pair of longer spines; basichelicerite with few tubercles; pedipalpal femur with five setiferous tubercles ventrally and one prolateral distal setiferous tubercle, patella with one retrolateral and two prolateral setiferous tubercles.
Redescription. Female (holotype) habitus as in Figs. 5–6. Coloration: entire body rusty yellow, each side of carapace dark brown, lateral ridges of the scutum margined with brown; venter lighter than dorsum, coxae yellow, free sternites brownish yellow; chelicerae and pedipalpus yellow, both of them with dark brown reticulate markings above, legs with alternating dark brown and yellow bands.
Dorsum. Dorsal scutum trapezoid, with posterior margin convex. Carapace with a row of three tubercles on each side of front margin near antero-lateral corner. Posterior to antero-lateral corner with one conspicuous tubercle on each side. Eyes separated, each eye with one anterior tubercle that extends forward to touch tubercle from the anterior margin of carapace. Median elevation with many hair-tipped tubercles and two enlarged spines extending forward between eyes. Posterior to the median elevation on carapace with two enlarged median spines. Scutum divided into five areas, first area divided into two halves by longitudinal furrow. First to fifth scutal areas connected by a series of tubercular bridges. First to fourth areas each with two median spines, of which only the second area with long median spines, more than half length of median spine between eyes, fifth area with three enlarged median spines. Free tergites each with a row of hair-tipped tubercles. Lateral ridges with a row of hair-tipped tubercles.
Venter. All coxae and genital operculum granulate, coxa I with somewhat enlarged hair-tipped tubercles on anterior side. Coxa II with one enlarged prolateral and retrolateral tubercle at tip of the margin respectively. Coxa III with prolateral and retrolateral rows of round humps. Coxa IV widened, with six enlarged hair-tipped tubercles on the prolateral surface. Free sternites each with a transverse row of hair-tipped granules. Tracheal stigmata visible.
Chelicera (Figs. 7–8). Basichelicerite elongate, slightly sinuous; dorsal surface with two prolateral and one retrolateral teeth respectively; ventral surface with five retrolateral and three prolateral hair-tipped tubercles. Second segment armed with 11 enlarged teeth on prodorsal surface. Fingers relatively strong, inner edges toothed as illustrated in Fig. 8: one inconspicuous MBT, one stout MMT, two stout MDT, three crest FBT, one stout FMT, and one stout FDT.
Pedipalpus (Figs. 5–6, 9–11). Coxa dorsally with two strong setiferous tubercles (Fig. 5–6). Trochanter ventrally with two setiferous tubercles, dorsally with one tooth. Femur ventrally with five setiferous tubercles and one tooth, with four teeth prolaterally, and one setiferous tubercle on the prolateral distal side. Patella with one setiferous tubercle and one tooth retrolaterally and two setiferous tubercles prolaterally. Tibia and tarsus with three setiferous tubercles on each side of ventral surface. Tarsal claw a little shorter than tarsus, slightly curved.
Legs. Trochanter I dorsally with two enlarged tubercles, ventrally with two enlarged tubercles and five hairtipped tubercles; femur I dorsally with a row of twelve setiferous tubercles, ventrally with a row of nine setiferous tubercles; patella I with one retrolateral and three prolateral setiferous tubercles respectively; tibia I with six setiferous tubercles prolaterally and retrolaterally (Figs. 12–14). Trochanters II–IV with a few hair-tipped tubercles, remaining of leg segments unarmed, only with conspicuous hairs. Tarsi III–IV with unpectinated double claws, with scopulae. Tarsal formula: 3/4/5/5. Distitarsus of the first and second tarsi with two tarsalia.
Ovipositor. Not dissected, only detected through the opened genital operculum.
Measurements. Female holotype: body 3.06 long, 2.40 wide at the widest portion, scutum 2.91 long. Pedipalpus claw 0.50 long. Measurements of pedipalpus and legs as in Table 1.
Male. Unknown.
Distribution. Indonesia (Sulawesi).
Notes. Over a century old, the type specimen shows only slight damage, i.e., the left pedipalpus claw lost, metatarsus and tarsus of right leg III lost, joint between tibia and metatarsus in right leg II nearly broken as well as that of right leg IV. According to the “conditions of loan” of the Natural History Museum Basel, “the borrower must not alter the loan objects in any way”. To keep the appendages in original status, the lateral view of the type is more oblique than that of three new species described here.
Roewer (1914) described the Bonea sarasinorum based on one specimen. Although he failed to dissect the genitalia of B. sarasinorum, he believed that this specimen was male from personal experience. Thereafter, this specimen was reported by him as male. After examining the holotype, we discovered it is a female — it lacks all typical dimorphic traits of male podoctines (Kury & Machado 2003), such as dorsal scutum subrectangular, cheliceral bulla very attenuate, basichelicerite as a whole elongate, with lateral rows of acuminate tubercles, pedipalpal femur bottle-like swollen with non-seriate spination, and all pedipalpal segments elongate and slender. However, one evidence that could indicate its male gender would be the widened interocular mound (including all the carapace). This dimorphism is very clearly marked in species such as B. longipalpis (Suzuki 1977b: 39–42, figs, 17a, b), but not so clearly in B. sarasinorum. Besides the morphological characters mentioned above, the female condition of the holotype was discovered by one of the authors (CZ), by seeing the setae of ovipositor by just lifting the genital operculum without dissecting.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Chao, Kury, Adriano B. & Zhang, Feng, 2013, Notes on Bonea Roewer, 1914 and Lomanius Roewer, 1923 (Opiliones: Laniatores: Podoctidae), with the description of three new species from China, pp. 201-224 in Zootaxa 3630 (2) on pages 205-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3630.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/220474