cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Consumption of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol lowering foods improves blood lipids without affecting concentrations of fat soluble compounds
Creators: name: Ramprasath, Vanu R
name: Jenkins, David J
name: Lamarche, Benoit
name: Kendall, Cyril W
name: Faulkner, Dorothea
name: Cermakova, Luba
name: Couture, Patrick
name: Ireland, Chris
name: Abdulnour, Shahad
name: Patel, Darshna
name: Bashyam, Balachandran
name: Srichaikul, Korbua
name: De Souza, Russell J
name: Vidgen, Edward
name: Josse, Robert G
name: Leiter, Lawrence A
name: Connelly, Philip W
name: Frohlich, Jiri
name: Jones, Peter J
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Consumption of a cholesterol lowering dietary portfolio including plant sterols (PS), viscous fibre, soy proteins and nuts for 6 months improves blood lipid profile. Plant sterols reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption and concerns have been raised whether PS consumption reduces fat soluble vitamin absorption. Objective The objective was to determine effects of consumption of a cholesterol lowering dietary portfolio on circulating concentrations of PS and fat soluble vitamins. Methods Using a parallel design study, 351 hyperlipidemic participants from 4 centres across Canada were randomized to 1 of 3 groups. Participants followed dietary advice with control or portfolio diet. Participants on routine and intensive portfolio involved 2 and 7 clinic visits, respectively, over 6 months. Results No changes in plasma concentrations of α and γ tocopherol, lutein, lycopene and retinol, but decreased β-carotene concentrations were observed with intensive (week 12:p = 0.045; week 24:p = 0.039) and routine (week 12:p = 0.031; week 24:p = 0.078) portfolio groups compared to control. However, cholesterol adjusted β-carotene and fat soluble compound concentrations were not different compared to control. Plasma PS concentrations were increased with intensive (campesterol:p = 0.012; β-sitosterol:p = 0.035) and routine (campesterol: p = 0.034; β-sitosterol: p = 0.080) portfolio groups compared to control. Plasma cholesterol-adjusted campesterol and β-sitosterol concentrations were negatively correlated (p < 0.001) with total and LDL-C levels. Conclusion Results demonstrate that consuming a portfolio diet reduces serum total and LDL-C levels while increasing PS values, without altering fat soluble compounds concentrations. The extent of increments of PS with the current study are not deleterious and also maintaining optimum levels of fat soluble vitamins are of paramount necessity to maintain overall metabolism and health. Results indicate portfolio diet as one of the best options for CVD risk reduction. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00438425
Fractons in curved space
Creators: name: Jain, Akash
name: Jensen, Kristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consistently couple simple continuum field theories with fracton excitations to curved spacetime backgrounds. We consider homogeneous and isotropic fracton field theories, with a conserved $U(1)$ charge and dipole moment. Coupling to background fields allows us to consistently define a stress-energy tensor for these theories and obtain the respective Ward identities. Along the way, we find evidence for a mixed gauge-gravitational anomaly in the symmetric tensor gauge theory which naturally couples to conserved dipoles. Our results generalise to systems with arbitrarily higher conserved moments, in particular, a conserved quadrupole moment.
description: 37 pages; v2: Added references, flat space stress tensor of dipole-symmetric scalar theory
Seiberg-Witten maps and scattering amplitudes of NCQED
Creators: name: Trampetić, Josip
name: You, Jiangyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The connection between tree-level scattering amplitudes and the Seiberg-Witten (SW) map in the Moyal deformed U(1) noncommutataive quantum electrodynamics (NCQED) is studied. We show that in the minimal U(1) NCQED based on a reversible Seiberg-Witten (SW) map, SW map induced interactions cancel each other in all tree-level scattering amplitudes and leave them identical to the Moyal NCQED without SW map. On the other hand, the two-by-two Compton and light-by-light scattering amplitudes deviate from minimal model when irreversible SW map is used. Therefore the risibility of SW map and equivalence between NCQED before and after SW map manifest themselves as an identity between the tree-level scattering amplitudes.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures. Version to be published in Phys. Rev. D
Cultural aspects of sauna and SPA architecture in the city – examples of design and execution
Creators: name: Uherek-Bradecka, Barbara
name: Bradecki, Tomasz
Publisher: name: Faculty of Architecture, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław
Year: 2012
Subjects: SPA structures, saunas, recreation spaces

description: ARCHITECTUS; ISSN 1429-7507
Prediction of cognitive decline for enrichment of Alzheimer's disease clinical trials
Creators: name: Tam, Angela
name: Laurent, César
name: Gauthier, Serge
name: Dansereau, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A key issue to Alzheimer's disease clinical trial failures is poor participant selection. Participants have heterogeneous cognitive trajectories and many do not decline during trials, which reduces a study's power to detect treatment effects. Trials need enrichment strategies to enroll individuals who will decline. We developed machine learning models to predict cognitive trajectories in participants with early Alzheimer's disease (n=1342) and presymptomatic individuals (n=756) over 24 and 48 months respectively. Baseline magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive tests, demographics, and APOE genotype were used to classify decliners, measured by an increase in CDR-Sum of Boxes, and non-decliners with up to 79% area under the curve (cross-validated and out-of-sample). Using these prognostic models to recruit enriched cohorts of decliners can reduce required sample sizes by as much as 51%, while maintaining the same detection power, and thus may improve trial quality, derisk endpoint failures, and accelerate therapeutic development in Alzheimer's disease.
description: 11 pages, 3 main figures, 3 main tables, supplementary material (3 tables, 2 figures), incorporated feedback from reviewers in the introduction and discussion
Rashba and Dresselhaus effects in 2D Pb-I-based perovskites
Creators: name: Maurer, Benedikt
name: Vorwerk, Christian
name: Draxl, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bulk hybride halide perovskites are governed by significant Rashba and Dresselhaus splitting. This indicates that such effects will not only affect their optoelectronic properties but also those of their two dimensional layered relatives. This work aims at understanding how different ways of symmetry breaking influence these effects in those materials. For this purpose, model structures are adopted where the organic compounds are replaced by Cs atoms. Disregarding possible distortions in the inorganic layers, results in structures with composition Cs$_{n+1}$Pb$_n$I$_{3n+1}$. Using the all-electron full-potential density-functional-theory code \texttt{exciting}, the impact of atomic displacement on the band structure is systematically studied for $n=1$, 2, 3 and $\infty$. The displacement patterns that yield Rashba or Dresselhaus splitting are identified, and the amount of the splitting is determined as a function of displacement. Furthermore, the spin textures in the electronic states around the band gap are analyzed to differentiate between Rashba and Dresselhaus effects. This study reveals in-plane Pb displacements as the origin of the strongest effects.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Modeling and stress analyses of a normal foot-ankle and a prosthetic foot-ankle complex
Creators: name: Ozen, Mustafa
name: Sayman, Onur
name: Havitcioglu, Hasan
Publisher: name: Institute of Machine Design and Operation, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław
Year: 2013
Subjects: 3-D modeling, finite element analysis (FEA), prosthetic foot-ankle complex

description: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 03/2013; ISSN 1509-409X
Explaining the characteristics of lateral shower age of cosmic ray extensive air showers
Creators: name: Dey, Rajat K.
name: Basak, Animesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple analytical argument is proposed for a possible explanation of the characteristics of the lateral shower age ($s$) of proton ($p$)/nuclei-initiated showers. The analytical argument states that lateral density distribution (LDD) of electrons of a $p$-initiated shower is due to superposition of several electromagnetic (EM) sub-showers developed at a very early stage in the atmosphere from the decay of neutral pions ($π^{0}$s). Thanks to the superposition property of the electron LDD in a $p$ shower, a plausible analytical parametrization has been worked out by giving well represented analytic function for the electron LDDs of $p$- and $π^{0}$-initiated showers. Based on cosmic ray extensive air shower simulations, we have validated how the various characteristics of $s$ can be understood in the context of the present analytical argument. The $s$ parameter of a $p$ shower and its correlations with the shower ages of electron- and $π^{0}$-initiated showers supports the idea that the result of superposition of several EM sub-showers initiated by $π^{0}$s with varied energies at a very early stage might produce the LDD of electrons of a $p$ shower. It is also noticed with the simulated data that the stated feature still persists concerning the notion of the local shower age parameter.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, revision submitted for publication in a Journal
Anti-Biofilm and Immunomodulatory Activities of Peptides That Inhibit Biofilms Formed by Pathogens Isolated from Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Creators: name: De La Fuente-Núñez, César
name: Mansour, Sarah C.
name: Wang, Zhejun
name: Jiang, Lucy
name: Breidenstein, Elena B. M.
name: Elliott, Melissa
name: Reffuveille, Fany
name: Speert, David P.
name: Reckseidler-Zenteno, Shauna L.
name: Shen, Ya
name: Haapasalo, Markus
name: Hancock, R. E. W. (Robert E. W.)
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients often acquire chronic respiratory tract infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) species. In the CF lung, these bacteria grow as multicellular aggregates termed biofilms. Biofilms demonstrate increased (adaptive) resistance to conventional antibiotics, and there are currently no available biofilm-specific therapies. Using plastic adherent, hydroxyapatite and flow cell biofilm models coupled with confocal and scanning electron microscopy, it was demonstrated that an anti-biofilm peptide 1018 prevented biofilm formation, eradicated mature biofilms and killed biofilms formed by a wide range of P. aeruginosa and B. cenocepacia clinical isolates. New peptide derivatives were designed that, compared to their parent peptide 1018, showed similar or decreased anti-biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa biofilms, but increased activity against biofilms formed by the Gram-positive bacterium methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, some of these new peptide derivatives retained the immunomodulatory activity of 1018 since they induced the production of the chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and suppressed lipopolysaccharide-mediated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and were non-toxic towards these cells. Peptide 1018 and its derivatives provide promising leads for the treatment of chronic biofilm infections and hyperinflammatory lung disease in CF patients.
GAlaxy Light profile convolutional neural NETworks (GaLNets). I. fast and accurate structural parameters for billion galaxy samples
Creators: name: Li, R.
name: Napolitano, N. R.
name: Roy, N.
name: Tortora, C.
name: La Barbera, F.
name: Sonnenfeld, A.
name: Qiu, C.
name: Liu, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Next generation large sky surveys will observe up to billions of galaxies for which basic structural parameters are needed to study their evolution. This is a challenging task that, for ground-based observations, is complicated by seeing limited point-spread function (PSF). To perform a fast and accurate analysis of galaxy surface brightness, we have developed a family of supervised Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to derive Sersic profile parameters of galaxies. This work presents the first two Galaxy Light profile convolutional neural Networks (GaLNets) of this family. The first one is trained using galaxy images only (GaLNet-1), and the second is trained with both galaxy images and the local PSF (GaLNet-2). We have compared the results from the GaLNets with structural parameters (total magnitude, effective radius, Sersic index etc.) derived on a set of galaxies from the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) by 2DPHOT, as a representative of "standard" PSF convolved Sersic fitting tools. The comparison shows that GaLNet-2 can reach an accuracy as high as 2DPHOT, while GaLNet-1 performs worse because it misses the information on the local PSF. Both GaLNets are three orders of magnitude faster than standard methods in terms of computational speed. This first application of CNNs to ground-based galaxy surface photometry shows that they are promising tools to perform parametric analyses of very large galaxy samples, like the ones expected from Vera Rubin/LSST surveys. However, the GaLNets can be easily modified for space observations from Euclid and the China Space Station Telescope.
description: Accepted for publication by APJ
REFLOW_D3.1_Circular Principles and Indicators
Creators: name: Corbin, Liz
name: Coudard, Antoine
name: Garmulewicz, Alysia
name: Powell, Zoe
name: Singh, Apurva
name: Smith, Charlene
name: Bolumburu, Pilar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: urban metabolism; circular economy; material flow analysis

description: D3.1 Circular Principles and Indicators lays out the key concepts and components of WP3’s Circular Urban Metabolism framework - (1) Circular Principles, (2) principle-level and pilot-specific key performance indicators, and (3) urban metabolism assessments - as well as the methodologies undertaken to derive them and the resulting outcomes. In doing so, it chronicles the activities undertaken and results derived by WP 3 within the first year of the REFLOW project.
Universality of Hofstadter butterflies on hyperbolic lattices
Creators: name: Stegmaier, Alexander
name: Upreti, Lavi K.
name: Thomale, Ronny
name: Boettcher, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experimental breakthroughs in realizing hyperbolic lattices in superconducting waveguides and electric circuits, we compute the Hofstadter butterfly on regular hyperbolic tilings. By utilizing large hyperbolic lattices with periodic boundary conditions, we obtain the true hyperbolic bulk spectrum that is unaffected by contributions from boundary states. Our results reveal that the butterfly spectrum with large extended gapped regions prevails and that its shape is universally determined by the number of edges of the fundamental tile, while the fractal structure is lost in such a non-Euclidean case. We explain how these intriguing features are related to the nature of Landau levels in hyperbolic space, and how they could be verified experimentally.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures + supplementary
Bayesian Approach to Inverse Problems: an Application to NNPDF Closure Testing
Creators: name: Del Debbio, Luigi
name: Giani, Tommaso
name: Wilson, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the Bayesian approach to the solution of inverse problems and apply the formalism to analyse the closure tests performed by the NNPDF collaboration. Starting from a comparison with the approach that is currently used for the determination of parton distributions (PDFs) by the NNPDF collaboration, we discuss some analytical results that can be obtained for linear problems and use these results as a guidance for the more complicated non-linear problems. We show that, in the case of Gaussian distributions, the posterior probability density of the parametrized PDFs is fully determined by the results of the NNPDF fitting procedure. In the particular case that we consider, the fitting procedure and the Bayesian analysis yield exactly the same result. Building on the insight that we obtain from the analytical results, we introduce new estimators to assess the statistical faithfulness of the fit results in closure tests. These estimators are defined in data space, and can be studied analytically using the Bayesian formalism in a linear model in order to clarify their meaning. Finally we present numerical results from a number of closure tests performed with current NNPDF methodologies. These further tests allow us to validate the NNPDF4.0 methodology and provide a quantitative comparison of the NNPDF4.0 and NNPDF3.1 methodologies. As PDFs determinations move into precision territory, the need for a careful validation of the methodology becomes increasingly important: the error bar has become the focal point of contemporary PDFs determinations. In this perspective, theoretical assumptions and other sources of error are best formulated and analysed in the Bayesian framework, which provides an ideal language to address the precision and the accuracy of current fits.
Disorder Averaging and its UV (Dis)Contents
Creators: name: Heckman, Jonathan J.
name: Turner, Andrew P.
name: Yu, Xingyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a stringy realization of quantum field theory ensembles in $D \le 4$ spacetime dimensions, thus realizing a disorder averaging over coupling constants. When each member of the ensemble is a conformal field theory with a standard semi-classical holographic dual of the same radius, the resulting bulk can be interpreted as a single asymptotically Anti-de Sitter space geometry with a distribution of boundary components joined by wormhole configurations, as dictated by the Hartle-Hawking wave function. This provides a UV completion of a recent proposal by Marolf and Maxfield that there is a high-dimensional Hilbert space for baby universes, but one that is compatible with the proposed Swampland constraints of McNamara and Vafa. This is possible because our construction is really an approximation that breaks down both at short distances, but also at low energies for objects with a large number of microstates. The construction thus provides an explicit set of counterexamples to various claims in the literature that holographic and effective field theory considerations can be reliably developed without reference to any UV completion.
description: v2: 27 pages, 6 figures, typos corrected, references and clarifications added
Record High Ramping Rates in HTS Based Super-conducting Accelerator Magnet
Creators: name: Piekarz, Henryk
name: Hays, Steven
name: Claypool, Bradley
name: Kufer, Matthew
name: Shiltsev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of the experimental test of the High Temperature Superconductor based fast cycling prototype accelerator magnet capable to operate up to about 300 Tesla per second field ramping rate with some 0.5 T field in the magnet gap. The measured upper limit for the cryogenic cooling power required to support magnet conductor operation at high ramping rates indicates great potential for such types of magnets in rapid cycling synchrotrons for neutrino research or muon acceleration. The test magnet design, construction, and supporting cryogenic and power systems are briefly described. The magnet power test results are discussed in terms of a possible upgrade of this magnet design to 2 T field, a maximum feasible with superferric magnet.
description: 4 pages, 10 figures; presented at the 27th International Conference on Magnet Technology (MT27, Fukuoka, Japan, November 15-19, 2021)
Towards convergence of turbulent dynamo amplification in cosmological simulations of galaxies
Creators: name: Martin-Alvarez, Sergio
name: Devriendt, Julien
name: Slyz, Adrianne
name: Sijacki, Debora
name: Richardson, Mark L. A.
name: Katz, Harley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our understanding of the process through which magnetic fields reached their observed strengths in present-day galaxies remains incomplete. One of the advocated solutions is a turbulent dynamo mechanism that rapidly amplifies weak magnetic field seeds to the order of ${\sim}μ$G. However, simulating the turbulent dynamo is a very challenging computational task due to the demanding span of spatial scales and the complexity of the required numerical methods. In particular, turbulent velocity and magnetic fields are extremely sensitive to the spatial discretisation of simulated domains. To explore how refinement schemes affect galactic turbulence and amplification of magnetic fields in cosmological simulations, we compare two refinement strategies. A traditional quasi-Lagrangian adaptive mesh refinement approach focusing spatial resolution on dense regions, and a new refinement method that resolves the entire galaxy with a high resolution quasi-uniform grid. Our new refinement strategy yields much faster magnetic energy amplification than the quasi-Lagrangian method, which is also significantly greater than the adiabatic compressional estimate indicating that the extra amplification is produced through stretching of magnetic field lines. Furthermore, with our new refinement the magnetic energy growth factor scales with resolution following $\propto \Dres^{-1/2}$, in much better agreement with small-scale turbulent box simulations. Finally, we find evidence suggesting most magnetic amplification in our simulated galaxies occurs in the warm phase of their interstellar medium, which has a better developed turbulent field with our new refinement strategy.
description: Replaced to match version accepted for publication in MNRAS. 20 pages, 17 figures and 2 appendices
Core Electron Heating By Triggered And Ordinary Ion Acoustic Waves In The Solar Wind
Creators: name: Mozer, F. S.
name: Bale, S. D.
name: Cattell, C. A.
name: Halekas, J.
name: Vasko, I. Y.
name: Verniero, J. L.
name: Kellogg, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Orbits six through nine of the Parker Solar Probe have been studied to show that solar wind core electrons emerged from 15 solar radii with temperatures that were constant to within ~10% although the solar wind speed varied from 300 to 800 km/sec. After leaving 15 solar radii, the core electrons were isotropically heated as much as a factor of two below 30 solar radii by triggered and natural ion acoustic waves. To distinguish this wave heating from processes occurring inside 15 solar radii, the electron temperature is modeled as having two components, the base temperature observed at 15 solar radii and the temperature resulting from wave interactions between 15 solar radii and the observing point. As further justification of this temperature model, there were about a dozen intervals during the four orbits, summing to about 250 hours of total time, during which there were few waves, TE/TI was small, and the core electron temperature was close to or slightly greater than the base temperature. Both this base temperature and the temperature resulting from wave heating decreased with radius due to the adiabatic expansion of the solar wind. The waves that produced the electron core heating were triggered [Mozer et al, 2021] or normal {Mozer et al, 2020A] ion acoustic waves. They are the dominant wave modes at frequencies greater than 100 Hz at solar distances between 15 and 30 solar radii.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Sizing individual dielectric nanoparticles with quantitative differential interference contrast microscopy
Creators: name: Hamilton, Samuel
name: Regan, David
name: Payne, Lukas
name: Langbein, Wolfgang
name: Borri, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a method to measure the size of single dielectric nanoparticles with high accuracy and precision using quantitative differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. Dielectric nanoparticles are detected optically by the conversion of the optical phase change into an intensity change using DIC. Phase images of individual nanoparticles were retrieved from DIC by Wiener filtering, and a quantitative methodology to extract nanoparticle sizes was developed. Using polystyrene beads of 100 nm radius as size standard, we show that the method determines this radius within a few nm accuracy. The smallest detectable polystyrene bead is limited by background and shot-noise, which depend on acquisition and analysis parameters, including the objective numerical aperture, the DIC phase offset, and the refractive index contrast between particles and their surrounding. A sensitivity limit potentially reaching down to 1.8 nm radius was inferred. As application example, individual nanodiamonds with nominal sizes below 50 nm were measured, and were found to have a nearly exponential size distribution with 28 nm mean value. Considering the importance of dielectric nanoparticles in many fields, from naturally occurring virions to polluting nanoplastics, the proposed method could offer a powerful quantitative tool for nanoparticle analysis, combining accuracy, sensitivity and high-throughput with widely available and easy-to-use DIC microscopy
Ifrania Glöer, Mabrouki & Taybi, 2020, n. gen.
Creators: name: Glöer, Peter
name: Mabrouki, Youness
name: Taybi, Abdelkhaleq Fouzi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Hydrobiidae
Ifrania

description: Ifrania n. gen.
https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4C167B16-C92A-4439-AE88-44E8E3288E6E
 Type species: Ifrania zerroukansis n. sp.
 Description: The tiny shell is valvatoid with a wide umbilicus. The cylindric penis is very long and thin with a pointed penis tip. The basis is broadened.
 Differential Diagnosis: From Islamia the species can be distinguished by the penis, which is in Islamia bilobed.
 Etymology: named after the province of Ifran where the species has been collected.
description: Published as part of Glöer, Peter, Mabrouki, Youness & Taybi, Abdelkhaleq Fouzi, 2020, Two new valvatoid genera (Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae) from Morocco, pp. 124-128 in Ecologica Montenegrina 30 on page 126, DOI: 10.37828/em.2020.30.12, http://zenodo.org/record/13231289
Trophic interactions and dynamic herbivore responses to snowpack
Creators: name: Brodie, Jedediah F
name: Post, Eric
name: Berger, Joel
name: Watson, Fred
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background. Trophic interactions and population structure can shape how climate change influences ecosystems by modifying herbivore responses to environmental conditions. Predation can influence herbivore behaviour and demography, but how changes in predation and population structure affect herbivore distribution across abiotic gradients remains little known. We assessed whether predators altered the response of different age and sex classes of a dominant ungulate herbivore to changing abiotic conditions. Results Elk (Cervus elaphus) presence declined with increasing snowpack, particularly in late winter when their body condition had deteriorated. Females and juveniles exhibited strong but constant negative responses to snowpack throughout the winter, although their mean occurrence declined over time likely due to sex-biased movement to lower elevations. Mature male occurrence responded only very slightly to snowpack and in a temporally invariant manner. Neither temporal nor spatial variation in wolf (Canis lupus) occurrence affected elk occurrence or elk responses to snowpack. Conclusions Climate change impacts on herbivore distribution in this system are driven by spatially and temporally dynamic interactions between winter conditions and population structure, but the influence of predation risk appears weak.
The effect of short- and long-term vibration training on postural stability in men
Creators: name: Piecha, Magdalena
name: Król, Piotr
name: Juras, Grzegorz
name: Sobota, Grzegorz
name: Polak, Anna
name: Bacik, Bogdan
Publisher: name: Institute of Machine Design and Operation, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław
Year: 2013
Subjects: mechanical oscillations, postural sway, whole body vibration

description: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 03/2013; ISSN 1509-409X
Choriented Maps: Visualizing SDG Data on Mobile Devices
Creators: name: Gorte, Viktor
name: Degbelo, Auriol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.2; D.2.2

description: Choropleth maps and graduated symbol maps are often used to visualize quantitative geographic data. However, as the number of classes grows, distinguishing between adjacent classes increasingly becomes challenging. To mitigate this issue, this work introduces two new visualization types: choriented maps (maps that use colour and orientation as variables to encode geographic information) and choriented mobile (an optimization of choriented maps for mobile devices). The maps were evaluated in a graphical perception study featuring the comparison of SDG (Sustainable Development Goal) data for several European countries. Choriented maps and choriented mobile visualizations resulted in comparable, sometimes better effectiveness and confidence scores than choropleth and graduated symbol maps. Choriented maps and choriented mobile visualizations also performed well regarding efficiency overall and performed worse only than graduated symbol maps. These results suggest that the use of colour and orientation as visual variables in combination can improve the selectivity of map symbols and user performance during the exploration of geographic data in some scenarios.
description: Accepted for publication in the Cartographic Journal
Exploring alternate technology teacher education models: some preliminary findings
Creators: name: Seemann, Kurt
name: Swan, Elissa
name: Kennedy, Pat
name: O'Connor, Sue
name: Babbage, Phillip
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Partly the result of necessity and partly the result of research opportunities and expected synergies, the Southern Cross University has signed a minimum three year alliance to enable it to deliver university education to undergraduate Design and Technology (DandT)1 pre-service teachers at a local independent high school. The alliance is an internal Innovations and Development Grant project of Southern Cross University (SCU) with Bishop Druitt College (BDC) that seeks to utilise real school facilities and interactions to deliver its practical units of study usually after school hours. Many interesting pedagogy, research and strategic advantages have already emerged that provide positive signs for the future of the alliance and possible expansion into other local schools. It is a model that appears to offer greater flexibility and educational value than the current trend to join Universities with other sectors. These include significant reduction of course facilities costs, improved course administration and management efficiencies, enriched teaching settings, reduced teacher practicum costs, increased local awareness and regional commitment to the course among school teachers and students and richer and more creative exchange of intellectual property and research effort potential. In short, there is a case for schools and universities to form alliances in technology teacher education where there is enhanced similarities of institutional cultures, flexibilities and interest in pedagogical and epistemological pursuits. The paper examines the evolving model.
Object control: Hidden modals
Creators: name: Burukina, Irina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: object control
non-finite complement
covert modality
dative
Russian

description: The paper proposes a novel analysis for object control verbs in Russian. First, I
 argue that object control verbs are not a homogeneous class, despite the common
 opinion advocated by Franks & Hornstein (1992); Babby (1998); Boeckx et al. (2010),
 a.o. In Russian, desiderative object control verbs with a dative argument (velet’ ‘or-
 der’, razrešit’ ‘allow’, etc.) differ significantly in their syntactic and semantic prop-
 erties from implicative object control verbs with an accusative argument (zastavit’
 ‘force’, ubedit’ ‘persuade’, etc.). However, this distinction does not match existing
 classifications. Second, I develop a structural description for dative control verbs
 and argue that (i) the dative argument and the embedded clause form a single con-
 stituent that excludes the matrix verb, and (ii) this constituent is headed by a silent
 modal element. This analysis accounts for many semantic and syntactic properties
 of dative object control verb including the unavailability of split control with dative
 control verbs and their distributional similarity with modal predicatives (možno ‘al-
 lowed’, nado ‘necessary’).
Inference solves a boundary-value collision problem, with relevance to neutrino flavor transformation
Creators: name: Armstrong, Eve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding neutrino flavor transformation in dense environments such as core-collapse supernovae (CCSN) is critical for inferring nucleosynthesis and interpreting a detected neutrino signal. The role of direction-changing collisions in shaping the neutrino flavor field in these environments is important and poorly understood; it has not been treated self-consistently. There has been progress, via numerical integration, to include the effects of collisions in the dynamics of the neutrino flavor field. While this has led to important insights, integration is limited by its requirement that full initial conditions must be assumed known. On the contrary, feedback from collisions to the neutrino field is a boundary value problem. Numerical integration techniques are poorly equipped to handle that formulation. This paper demonstrates that an inference formulation of the problem can solve a simple collision-only model representing a CCSN core -- without full knowledge of initial conditions. Rather, the procedure solves a two-point boundary value problem with partial information at the bounds. The model is sufficiently simple that physical reasoning may be used as a confidence check on the inference-based solution, and the procedure recovers the expected model dynamics. This result demonstrates that inference can solve a problem that is artificially hidden from integration techniques -- a problem that is an important feature of flavor evolution in dense environments. Thus, it is worthwhile to explore means of augmenting the existing powerful integration tools with inference-based approaches.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
title: When Are Democracies at Risk of Backsliding?
Creators: name: Scoggins, Bermond
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2025

description: In this thesis I examine the extent to which democracies are vulnerable to experiencing democratic backsliding through the emergence and survival of illiberal and undemocratic executives, who interfere with accountability institutions like the judiciary and media. Specifically, I evaluate the reasons executives interfere and the capacity of voters to punish undemocratic executives to show that many democracies are likely not at risk of sustained interference. In long-standing democracies, where severe assaults on accountability institutions have not occurred, I find that voters dislike and heavily penalise illiberal and undemocratic policies. In reanalysing a large set of published experimental and survey data, primarily from the United States, I argue that negative attitudes towards undemocratic policies are strong enough to preclude politicians holding such polices from both being elected and then staying in office when voters learn about them. Where interference frequently occurs, in new democracies, I argue that executives do so more for strategic reasons - to overcome procedural barriers to realising policies -- than any a priori hostility towards democracy or love for authoritarianism. I employ a severe case of country backsliding, the Philippines under Rodrigo Duterte, to show that Duterte's motivations to interfere, as well as those of his predecessors, were to realise policy priorities that they perceived were threatened by the courts and media. Data from a conjoint experiment I deployed before the 2022 presidential election demonstrates that Duterte's immense popularity alongside high copartisan bias -- the extent to which partisan voters are unwilling to defect to the pro-democratic opposition when exposed to information about copartisans' undemocratic positions -- explains the absence of electoral penalties despite his supporters preferring their own side to be pro-democratic. Such high levels of copartisan bias in so many voters are not exhibited in similarly designed conjoint experiments from the United States and other long-standing democracies. I conclude that the risk of backsliding emerging and then persisting in many democracies is low -- especially in long-standing democracies where enough voters treated with undemocratic information are able to reliably punish the kinds of institutional violations found in severe backsliding cases like Ecuador, Hungary, and Turkey. A country is at high risk of persistent backsliding and an authoritarian transition where there is strong copartisan bias among voters, highly popular parties, and executives with strategic motivations to interfere with institutions.
Mapping the Planetary Wake in HD 163296 with Kinematics
Creators: name: Calcino, Josh
name: Hilder, Thomas
name: Price, Daniel J.
name: Pinte, Christophe
name: Bollati, Francesco
name: Lodato, Giuseppe
name: Norfolk, Brodie J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We map the planetary wake associated with the embedded protoplanet creating the CO kink in the disk of HD~163296. We show that the wake can be traced by a series of correlated perturbations in the peak velocity map. The sign change of the perturbations across the disk major axis confirm that the wake induces predominantly radial motion, as predicted by models of planet-disk interaction. These results provide the first direct confirmation of planet wakes generated by Lindblad resonances. Mapping the wake provides a constraint on the disk aspect ratio, which is required to measure the mass of the planet.
description: 10 Pages, 6 figures. Accepted in ApJL
From incidence to strategy: a systematic review in playing-related musculoskeletal disorders
Creators: name: Cardoso, Mário
name: Morgado, Elsa
name: Leonido, Levi
Publisher: name: Motricidade
Year: 2019

description: The intense performance and repetitive movements for a long period of time contribute to the developing of musculoskeletal disorders in instrumental musicians. This study aims to identify the major musculoskeletal disorders in the practice of the musical instrument and reflect on strategies to be used in the music teaching and learning process to reduce the risk factors for future musculoskeletal disorders. A systematic review of English and non-English articles using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from 2015-2019. Additional studies were identified by searching abstracts presented at Medical Problems of Performing Artists (2015-2019) and Psychology of Music (2015-2019). Search terms included a combination of the keyword's musculoskeletal disorders, instrumental musicians, and music (n=187). From the systematic analysis pain, disabilities of the arm, shoulder, hand, neck, back and shoulders and temporomandibular, cervical muscle disorders and postural asymmetries are the major musculoskeletal disorders in the practice of the musical instrument. It is important to define preventive strategies to prevent and reduce the development of PRMDs in practitioners and performers.
description: Motricidade, Vol. 15 Núm. 4 (2019): Vida saudável e bem-estar: contributos para a Saúde Coletiva no Séc. XXI
Characterization of the correlated background for a sterile neutrino search using the first dataset of the JSNS$^2$ experiment
Creators: name: Hino, Y.
name: Ajimura, S.
name: Cheoun, M. K.
name: Choi, J. H.
name: Dodo, T.
name: Furuta, H.
name: Goh, J.
name: Haga, K.
name: Harada, M.
name: Hasegawa, S.
name: Hiraiwa, T.
name: Hwang, W.
name: Jang, H. I.
name: Jang, J. S.
name: Jeon, H.
name: Jeon, S.
name: Joo, K. K.
name: Jordan, J. R.
name: Jung, D. E.
name: Kang, S. K.
name: Kasugai, Y.
name: Kawasaki, T.
name: Kim, E. J.
name: Kim, J. Y.
name: Kim, S. B.
name: Kim, S. Y.
name: Kim, W.
name: Kinoshita, H.
name: Konno, T.
name: Lee, C. Y.
name: Lee, D. H.
name: Lee, S.
name: Lim, I. T.
name: Little, C.
name: Marzec, E.
name: Maruyama, T.
name: Masuda, S.
name: Meigo, S.
name: Monjushiro, S.
name: Moon, D. H.
name: Nakano, T.
name: Niiyama, M.
name: Nishikawa, K.
name: Nomachi, M.
name: Pac, M. Y.
name: Park, J. S.
name: Park, R. G.
name: Peeters, S. J. M.
name: Ray, H.
name: Rott, C.
name: Sakai, K.
name: Sakamoto, S.
name: Shima, T.
name: Shin, C. D.
name: Spitz, J.
name: Suekane, F.
name: Sugaya, Y.
name: Suzuya, K.
name: Taira, M.
name: Ujiie, R.
name: Yamaguchi, Y.
name: Yeh, M.
name: Yeo, I. S.
name: Yoo, C.
name: Yu, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: JSNS$^2$ (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) is an experiment that is searching for sterile neutrinos via the observation of $\barν_μ \to \barν_{e}$ appearance oscillations using muon decay-at-rest neutrinos. Before dedicated data taking in the first-half of 2021, we performed a commissioning run for 10 days in June 2020. Using the data obtained in this commissioning run, in this paper, we present an estimate of the correlated background which imitates the $\barν_{e}$ signal in a sterile neutrino search. In addition, in order to demonstrate future prospects of the JSNS$^2$ experiment, possible pulse shape discrimination improvements towards reducing cosmic ray induced fast neutron background are described.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
The structure of gene-gene networks beyond pairwise interactions
Creators: name: Allahyari, Nastaran
name: Kargaran, Amir
name: Hosseiny, Ali
name: Jafari, G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite its high and direct impact on nearly all biological processes, the underlying structure of gene-gene interaction networks is investigated so far according to pair connections. To address this, we explore the gene interaction networks of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae beyond pairwise interaction using the structural balance theory (SBT). Specifically, we ask whether essential and nonessential gene interaction networks are structurally balanced. We study triadic interactions in the weighted signed undirected gene networks and observe that balanced and unbalanced triads are over and underrepresented in both networks, thus beautifully in line with the strong notion of balance. Moreover, we note that the energy distribution of triads is significantly different in both essential and nonessential networks compared with the shuffled networks. Yet, this difference is greater in the essential network regarding the frequency as well as the energy of triads. Additionally, results demonstrate that triads in the essential gene network are more interconnected through sharing common links, while in the nonessential network they tend to be isolated. Last but not least, we investigate the contribution of all-length signed walks and its impact on the degree of balance. Our findings reveal that interestingly when considering longer cycles the nonessential gene network is more balanced compared to the essential network.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
Proton radiographs using position-sensitive silicon detectors and high-resolution scintillators
Creators: name: Briz, J. A.
name: Nerio, A. N.
name: Ballesteros, C.
name: Borge, M. J. G.
name: Martínez, P.
name: Perea, A.
name: Távora, V. G.
name: Tengblad, O.
name: Ciemala, M.
name: Maj, A.
name: Olko, P.
name: Parol, W.
name: Pedracka, A.
name: Sowicki, B.
name: Zieblinski, M.
name: Nácher, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proton therapy is a cancer treatment technique currently in growth worldwide. It offers advantages with respect to conventional X-ray and $γ$-ray radiotherapy, in particular, a better control of the dose deposition allowing to reach a higher conformity in the treatments. Therefore, it causes less damage to the surrounding healthy tissue and less secondary effects. However, in order to take full advantage of its potential, improvements in treatment planning and dose verification are required. A new prototype of proton Computed Tomography scanner is proposed to design more accurate and precise treatment plans for proton therapy. Here, results obtained from an experiment performed using a 100-MeV proton beam at the CCB facility in Krakow (Poland) are presented. Proton radiographs of PMMA samples of 50-mm thickness with spatial patterns in aluminum were taken. Their properties were studied, including reproduction of the dimensions, spatial resolution and sensitivity to different materials. They demonstrate the capabilities of the system to produce images with protons. Structures of up to 2 mm are nicely resolved and the sensitivity of the system was enough to distinguish thicknesses of 10 mm of aluminum or PMMA. This constitutes a first step to validate the device as a proton radiography scanner previous to the future tests as a proton CT scanner.
description: 7 pages, 11 figures, submitted to IEEE TNS ANIMMA 2021 Conference Proceedings