cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Relationship of Inconsistent Software Clones and Faults: An Empirical Study
Creators: name: Wagner, Stefan
name: Abdulkhaleq, Asim
name: Kaya, Kamer
name: Paar, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: Code cloning - copying and reusing pieces of source code - is a common phenomenon in software development in practice. There have been several empirical studies on the effects of cloning, but there are contradictory results regarding the connection of cloning and faults. Objective: Our aim is to clarify the relationship between code clones and faults. In particular, we focus on inconsistent (or type-3) clones in this work. Method: We conducted a case study with TWT GmbH where we detected the code clones in three Java systems, set them into relation to information from issue tracking and version control and interviewed three key developers. Results: Of the type-3 clones, 17 % contain faults. Developers modified most of the type-3 clones simultaneously and thereby fixed half of the faults in type-3 clones consistently. Type-2 clones with faults all evolved to fixed type-3 clones. Clone length is only weakly correlated with faultiness. Conclusion: There are indications that the developers in two cases have been aware of clones. It might be a reason for the weak relationship between type-3 clones and faults. Hence, it seems important to keep developers aware of clones, potentially with new tool support. Future studies need to investigate if the rate of faults in type-3 clones justifies using them as cues in defect detection.
description: 11 pages, 0 figures
Impacts of Climate Change, Variability and Adaptation Strategies on Household Food Security in Southern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Ginbo, Tsegaye
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: This study presents an empirical investigation of climate change, variability and adaptation strategies' impacts on households' multidimensional food security in rural villages of southern Ethiopia. For this purpose, Two-stage Least Square estimation framework is employed based on cross-sectional data collected from 148 households. Food security index constructed from various indicators representing four dimensions of food security indicates substantial food insecurity problem among sample households. Empirical results reveal that climate change and variability affect households' food security. Higher temperature and unfavorable rainfall conditions have significant negative impact on household food security. Results also show that education, access to agricultural extension, credit, climate information and market significantly enhance adaptation decisions. Moreover, results confirm that climate adaptation strategies namely soil and water conservation, modern varieties and crop diversification are effective in mitigating climatic risks and ensuring household food security. Consequently, programs enhancing households' skills, awareness, adaptations decision and farm yield would be helpful.
Calculations of periodicity from Hα profiles of Proxima Centauri
Creators: name: Collins, John M.
name: Jones, Hugh R. A.
name: Barnes, John R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate retrieval of the stellar rotation signal for Proxima Centauri. We make use of high-resolution spectra taken with uves and harps of Proxima Centauri over a 13-year period as well as photometric observations of Proxima Centauri from asas and hst. We measure the Hα equivalent width and Hα index, skewness and kurtosis and introduce a method that investigates the symmetry of the line, the Peak Ratio, which appears to return better results than the other measurements. Our investigations return a most significant period of 82.6 $\pm$ 0.1 days, confirming earlier photometric results and ruling out a more recent result of 116.6 days which we conclude to be an alias induced by the specific harps observation times. We conclude that whilst spectroscopic Hα measurements can be used for period recovery, in the case of Proxima Centauri the available photometric measurements are more reliable. We make 2D models of Proxima Centauri to generate simulated Hα, finding that reasonable distributions of plage and chromospheric features are able to reproduce the equivalent width variations in observed data and recover the rotation period, including after the addition of simulated noise and flares. However the 2D models used fail to generate the observed variety of line shapes measured by the peak ratio. We conclude that only 3D models which incorporate vertical motions in the chromosphere can achieve this.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, revised version in response to A&A referee comments
Charge, Spin and Valley Hall Effects in Disordered Graphene
Creators: name: Cresti, Alessandro
name: Nikolić, Branislav K.
name: García, Jose Hugo
name: Roche, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of the integer quantum Hall effect in the early eighties of the last century, with highly precise quantization values for the Hall conductance in multiples of $e^2/h$, has been the first fascinating manifestation of the topological state of matter driven by magnetic field and disorder, and related to the formation of non-dissipative current flow. In 2005, several new phenomena such as the spin Hall effect and the quantum spin Hall effect were predicted in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling and vanishing external magnetic field. More recently, the Zeeman spin Hall effect and the formation of valley Hall topological currents have been introduced for graphene-based systems, under time-reversal or inversion symmetry-breaking conditions, respectively. This review presents a comprehensive coverage of all these Hall effects in disordered graphene from the perspective of numerical simulations of quantum transport in two-dimensional bulk systems (by means of the Kubo formalism) and multiterminal nanostructures (by means of the Landauer-Büttiker scattering and nonequilibrium Green function approaches). In contrast to usual two-dimensional electron gases, the presence of defects in graphene generates more complex electronic features such as electron-hole asymmetry, defect resonances or percolation effect between localized impurity states, which, together with extra degrees of freedom (sublattice pseudospin, valley isospin), bring a higher degree of complexity and enlarge the transport phase diagram.
description: to be published in La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento
The Relationship between Export and Economic Growth in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Birara, Woinshet
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: The relationship between exports and economic growth has been a popular subject of debate among development economists. The aim of this paper is to test the relationship between export and economic growth in Ethiopian economy from 1975-76 to 2010/11. A bi-variate model is specified and estimated by using cointegration tests and error correction model. From the estimation of the specified model, we reported that there is a positive relationship between export and economic growth in the longrun and short run at 5 percent significance level and evidence in support of the export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis in that export growth has a causal influence on economic growth. From a policy perspective, the acceptance of the ELG hypothesis lends credence to the view of 'outward orientation' as an effective policy for economic growth.
Scaling of Information in Turbulence
Creators: name: Granero-Belinchon, Carlos
name: Roux, Stephane G.
name: Garnier, Nicolas B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new perspective on Turbulence using Information Theory. We compute the entropy rate of a turbulent velocity signal and we particularly focus on its dependence on the scale. We first report how the entropy rate is able to describe the distribution of information amongst scales, and how one can use it to isolate the injection, inertial and dissipative ranges, in perfect agreement with the Batchelor model and with a fBM model. In a second stage, we design a conditioning procedure in order to finely probe the asymmetries in the statistics that are responsible for the energy cascade. Our approach is very generic and can be applied to any multiscale complex system.
description: in Europhysics Letters, 2016
Analysis of Off-farm Engagements and Implications for Economic Transformation: Empirical Evidence from Libo Kemkem Woreda
Creators: name: Asmare, Workineh
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2013

description: Off-farm engagements and earnings from such employment opportunities have become increasingly important in rural Ethiopia as the nation is striving to end poverty through a steadily growing rural income. There is an expressed policy effort to materialize a more stable and growing farm income. However, there is a paucity of policy attention to the off-farm economy notwithstanding its huge potential in diversifying rural income, reducing unemployment and transforming the rural economy. This study analyses offfarm engagements by farm households to drive important implications for policy as farm households' behavioural choice matters for the desired/undergoing economic transformation. Specifically, we estimate farm households' propensity to and the intensity of off-farm engagements using binary choice and censored regression models, respectively. We use a survey data of 200 farm households in Libo Kemkem Woreda, Amhara Region. Farm households' socio-political capital, risk behaviour, financial conditions, characteristics of their farm and local labour market conditions are found to be significant predictors of the choice to off-farm engagements. On the other hand, wagerelated household characteristics and human capital variables appeared less important in explaining farm households' choice to diversify into the off-farm economy. Likewise, a significant relationship is found between the intensity of off-farm engagements (off-farm days and earnings) and the indicators of socio-political capital, farm characteristics, risk behaviour, financial conditions and labour market conditions. The results imply that offfarm engagements have become permanent pursuits to efficiently husband farm and offfarm income sources of farm households. Thus, the study calls forth a considerable policy attention to the off-farm economy and more robust institutional arrangements to enable farm households exercise informed choices for the desired/undergoing economic transformation in the rural economy to flourish and sustain.
Does External Debt Cause Economic Growth? The Case of Ethiopia
Creators: name: Kassa, Wessene
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: The study examines the long run and short run relationship between external debt and economic growth in Ethiopia over the period of 1970/71-2010/2011 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDLM) or bound testing approach. The empirical results indicated that the relationship between external debt and economic growth both in the short run and long run is significant with a negative sign. This indicates the existence of a debt overhang problem in the country. But, the debt servicing variable has a negative but insignificant effect on economic growth. As a result there is no evidence of crowding out effect since it is not significant. Moreover, there exists unidirectional causality from external debt to economic growth. Therefore, external debt is found to have a negative effect rather than causing economic growth in Ethiopia for the period under study. Hence, in order to tackle the problems of external debt, there should be close monitoring and consistent debt management strategies so as to avoid the misallocation and mismanagement of external debt.
An Empirical Investigation of the Aid - Growth Relationship in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Tefera, Wondwosen
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2003

description: The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between aid, policies and economic growth in Ethiopia for the period 1962/63 to 2001/02. The analysis is conducted using the Johansen Maximum Likelihood Procedure. The main findings of the empirical investigation are: Foreign aid has a significant positive contribution to investment, whereas uncertainty of aid flow (as a result of aid volatility) significantly and negatively affects the capital formation activity. The effect of foreign aid on economic growth appeared negative but insignificant. Aid interacted policy term, on the other hand, produced significantly positive result. The result further points out that good economic policies increase the level of foreign aid that can be productively consumed. The Error Correction Model (ECM) conclude that foreign aid is insignificant in the short run. Furthermore, the causality test shows that the causality runs from policies to foreign aid while the converse does not hold.
Solution to the sign problem in a frustrated quantum impurity model
Creators: name: Hann, Connor T.
name: Huffman, Emilie
name: Chandrasekharan, Shailesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we solve the sign problem of a frustrated quantum impurity model consisting of three quantum spin-half chains interacting through an anti-ferromagnetic Heisenberg interaction at one end. We first map the model into a repulsive Hubbard model of spin-half fermions hopping on three independent one dimensional chains that interact through a triangular hopping at one end. We then convert the fermion model into an inhomogeneous one dimensional model and express the partition function as a weighted sum over fermion worldline configurations. By imposing a pairing of fermion worldlines in half the space we show that all negative weight configurations can be eliminated. This pairing naturally leads to the original frustrated quantum spin model at half filling and thus solves its sign problem.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Stochastic win-stay-lose-shift strategy with dynamic aspirations in evolutionary social dilemmas
Creators: name: Amaral, Marco A.
name: Wardil, Lucas
name: Perc, Matjaz
name: da Silva, Jafferson K. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In times of plenty expectations rise, just as in times of crisis they fall. This can be mathematically described as a Win-Stay-Lose-Shift strategy with dynamic aspiration levels, where individuals aspire to be as wealthy as their average neighbor. Here we investigate this model in the realm of evolutionary social dilemmas on the square lattice and scale-free networks. By using the master equation and Monte Carlo simulations, we find that cooperators coexist with defectors in the whole phase diagram, even at high temptations to defect. We study the microscopic mechanism that is responsible for the striking persistence of cooperative behavior and find that cooperation spreads through second-order neighbors, rather than by means of network reciprocity that dominates in imitation-based models. For the square lattice the master equation can be solved analytically in the large temperature limit of the Fermi function, while for other cases the resulting differential equations must be solved numerically. Either way, we find good qualitative agreement with the Monte Carlo simulation results. Our analysis also reveals that the evolutionary outcomes are to a large degree independent of the network topology, including the number of neighbors that are considered for payoff determination on lattices, which further corroborates the local character of the microscopic dynamics. Unlike large-scale spatial patterns that typically emerge due to network reciprocity, here local checkerboard-like patterns remain virtually unaffected by differences in the macroscopic properties of the interaction network.
description: 9 two-column pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Impact of government Sect oral Spending On economic Growth A Particular Focus on Human Capital and Agriculture Sectors (The case of Ethiopia)
Creators: name: Tsadiku, Wendwesen
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2012

description: The Ethiopian government aims to increase overall expenditure by more than 100% from 690.9 billion in GTP periods (2010/11-2014/15) as compared to previous plan period (PASDEP, 2004/05-2009/10) expenditure. According to some scholars- Keynesian view, the increase in Public spending on socio-economic and physical structures is important and encourages economic growth. However some scholars – Classical economists on the other hand argue that the increase in public expenditure may shift resources from the productive private sector to public sector which they believe unproductive and hence, crowd out overall performance of the economy. These views indicate that policymakers are under debate whether increase in public spending helps or hinders economic growth. The paper investigates the relationship between government expenditure and domestic output (GDP) in Ethiopia. The study attempts to measure the impacts of sectoral public spending – human capital and agriculture, on economic growth; using annual data set on GDP and government expenditure for the period 1960/61-2010/11. Elasticities of GDP with respect to human capital and agriculture are estimated using OLS regression analysis. The study employ co-integration and error-correction model to examine the short and long run relationships between GDP and government sectoral spending (human capital and agriculture). It is found that education sector expenditure has both short-run and long-run statistically positive-significant effect on growth while health sector spending have negativeinsignificant relation. With regard to agriculture, the result shows that it has negative relationship with growth. The result also found the existence of longrun relationship between the components of government spending and economic growth. These results have policy implication that education if properly funded could bring about sustainable economic growth.
Instability of supersymmetric microstate geometries
Creators: name: Eperon, Felicity C.
name: Reall, Harvey S.
name: Santos, Jorge E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the classical stability of supersymmetric, asymptotically flat, microstate geometries with five non-compact dimensions. Such geometries admit an "evanescent ergosurface": a timelike hypersurface of infinite redshift. On such a surface, there are null geodesics with zero energy relative to infinity. These geodesics are stably trapped in the potential well near the ergosurface. We present a heuristic argument indicating that this feature is likely to lead to a nonlinear instability of these solutions. We argue that the precursor of such an instability can be seen in the behaviour of linear perturbations: nonlinear stability would require that all linear perturbations decay sufficiently rapidly but the stable trapping implies that some linear perturbation decay very slowly. We study this in detail for the most symmetric microstate geometries. By constructing quasinormal modes of these geometries we show that generic linear perturbations decay slower than any inverse power of time.
description: 40 pages. v2: references added
The determinants of export performance in Ethiopia: a panel data analysis
Creators: name: Tigist, Alemu
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: The paper examines the effect of demand and supply side factors on Ethiopia's export performance. Thus the supply side factors are responsible for poor export performance in the country. The study employed a panel data analysis to empirically analyze these determinants in Ethiopia'sfor the period 2007 to 2017. A sample of ten major trading partners was selected to analyze the determinants of total export. Based the Hausman test fixed effect is appropriate to estimate the model for Ethiopia's export performance. Using fixed model we found that from the supply side factors GDP, LPI, FDI and REER have insignificant effect for Ethiopia's export performance while(CPI) institutional quality significantly affects the export performance. Whereas on the demand side the per capita income of the trading partner and trade openness significantly affect the export performance. Thus study concludes that in recent years supply side factors become insignificant for the country export performance and due emphasis should be given for supply capacity to improve the export sector.
Reply to Comment on "Dynamics of the Density of Quantized Vortex-Lines in Superfluid Turbulence"
Creators: name: Khomenko, D.
name: L'vov, V. S.
name: Pomyalov, A.
name: Procaccia, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a Reply to Nemirovskii Comment [Phys. Rev. B 94, 146501 (2016)] on the Khomenko et al, [Phys.Rev. B v.91, 180504(2016)], in which a new form of the production term in Vinen's equation for the evolution of the vortex-line density $\cal L$ in the thermal counterflow of superfluid $^4$He in a channel was suggested. To further substantiate the suggested form which was questioned in the Comment, we present a physical explanation for the improvement of the closure suggested in Khomenko et al [Phys.Rev. B v. 91, 180504(2016)] in comparison to the form proposed by Vinen. We also discuss the closure for the flux term, which agrees well with the numerical results without any fitting parameters.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
The Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Accounting For Transmission Mechanisms
Creators: name: Birara, Yohannes
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2011

description: Developing countries in general and Ethiopia in particular has been experiencing huge amount of saving gap, trade gap and fiscal gap for more than four decades. Consequently, there has been a significant net inflow of official development assistance (foreign aid). Therefore, the main objective of the study is to examine the impact of foreign aid on economic growth and the transmission mechanisms (i.e. investment, import and government consumption expenditure) of Ethiopia using Johansson maximum likelihood approach over the period of 1970/1 to 2008/9. The co integration test result indicates the existence of long run relationship among the variables entered in all models. In the long run foreign aid has a positive and significant impact on growth through its significant contribution to investment and import. However, the dynamic short run model points out that aid to have a significant impact on growth it has to be assisted by good monetary, fiscal and trade policy. In addition, in the short run aid has significant impact on government consumption expenditure, which confirms the existence of aid fungibility. The study also confirms the existence of debt overhang problem in the Ethiopian economy. Generally, the theoretical view of the gap models is proven in this study. Aid can enhance growth by financing the three gaps. However to mitigate the problems with aid fungibility and debt overhang problem, foreign aid has to be linked to a good policy framework.
Validated clinical simulation strategies for teaching mental health nursing: scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Pegoraro, Natália
name: Santos, Pedro
name: Reis, Juliana
name: Santos, Márcia
name: Gonçalves, Marlene
name: Pillon, Sandra
name: Dal Sasso Mendes, Karina
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Mental Health Nursing
subject: methods
subject: Patient Simulation
subject: Psychiatric Nursing
subject: Simulation Training

description: It is a scoping review protocol intended as a general-purpose registration form. Work in progress by researchers at the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing.
One-particle engine with a porous piston
Creators: name: Álvarez, Carlos E.
name: Camargo, Manuel
name: Téllez, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a variation of the classical Szilard engine that uses a porous piston. Such an engine requires neither information about the position of the particle, nor the removal and subsequent insertion of the piston when resetting the engine to continue doing work by lifting a mass against a gravitational field. Though the engine operates in contact with a single thermal reservoir, the reset mechanism acts as a second reservoir, dissipating energy when a mass that has been lifted by the engine is removed to initiate a new operation cycle.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures
An Empirical Time Series Analysis on the Determinants of Gross National Saving in Ethiopia: ARDL Approach to Co-Integration
Creators: name: Ghebru, Yohannes
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2014

description: The objective of this paper was to investigate the macroeconomic determinants of gross national saving in Ethiopia using time series annual data form 1970/71-2010/11. In this study, effort has been made to identify the long run and short run determinants of national saving in Ethiopia using an ARDL bounds testing approach and ECM to capture both short run and long run relationships. Estimated results revealed that financial development (FD) and Current account deficit (CAD) are significant determinants of gross national saving in Ethiopia in the long run. But gross national disposable income (LGNDI), dependency ratio (DR), budget deficit (BD) and inflation, approximated by consumer price index (CPI), found to be statistically insignificant determinants of gross national saving in Ethiopia in the long run. However, in the short run, except consumer price index (CPI) and dependency ratio (DR) the rest of the explanatory variables such as gross national disposable income (LGNDI), financial development (FD), current account deficit (CAD) and budget deficit (BD) found to have statistically significant meaning in explaining gross national saving in Ethiopia. The speed of adjustment has value 0.66978 with negative sign, which showed the convergence of saving model towards long run equilibrium. The overall findings of the study underlined the importance of raising the level of income in a sustainable manner, minimizing the adverse impacts of budget deficit and inflation rate and creating competitive environment in the financial sector.
Entanglement negativity bounds for fermionic Gaussian states
Creators: name: Eisert, J.
name: Eisler, V.
name: Zimborás, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement negativity is a versatile measure of entanglement that has numerous applications in quantum information and in condensed matter theory. It can not only efficiently be computed in the Hilbert space dimension, but for non-interacting bosonic systems, one can compute the negativity efficiently in the number of modes. However, such an efficient computation does not carry over to the fermionic realm, the ultimate reason for this being that the partial transpose of a fermionic Gaussian state is no longer Gaussian. To provide a remedy for this state of affairs, in this work we introduce efficiently computable and rigorous upper and lower bounds to the negativity, making use of techniques of semi-definite programming, building upon the Lagrangian formulation of fermionic linear optics, and exploiting suitable products of Gaussian operators. We discuss examples in quantum many-body theory and hint at applications in the study of topological properties at finite temperature.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Quellengestützte Radiometrie mit Synchrotronstrahlung
Creators: name: Klein, Roman
name: Fliegauf, Rolf
name: Kroth, Simone
name: Paustian, Wolfgang
name: Richter, Mathias
name: Thornagel, Reiner
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2014
Subjects: Quellengestützte Radiometrie
Strahlungsquellen
UV-Strahlung
VUV-Strahlung
EUV-Strahlung

description: PTB-Mitteilungen. Band 124 (2014), Heft 3, Seite 16 - 20. ISSN 0030-834X
description: berichtigte Fassung
Electron Accumulation Layer in Ultrastrong Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Sammon, M.
name: Fu, Han
name: Shklovskii, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a three-dimensional electron gas is subjected to a very strong magnetic field, it can reach a quasi-one-dimensional state in which all electrons occupy the lowest Landau level. This state is referred to as the extreme quantum limit (EQL) and has been studied in the physics of pulsars and bulk semiconductors. Here we present a theory of the EQL phase in electron accumulation layers created by an external electric field $E$ at the surface of a semiconductor with a large Bohr radius such as InSb, PbTe, SrTiO$_3$ (STO), and particularly in the LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ (LAO/STO) heterostructure. The phase diagram of the electron gas in the plane of the magnetic field strength and the electron surface concentration is found for different orientations of the magnetic field. We find that in addition to the quasi-classical metallic phase (M), there is a metallic EQL phase, as well as an insulating Wigner crystal state (WC). Within the EQL phase, the Thomas-Fermi approximation is used to find the electron density and the electrostatic potential profiles of the accumulation layer. Additionally, the quantum capacitance for each phase is calculated as a tool for experimental study of these phase diagrams.
description: To be submitted to the the special issue of the international journal "Low Temperature Physics" (Kharkov) devoted to 100 birthday anniversary of I. M. Lifshitz
Structural properties of liquids in extreme confinement
Creators: name: Jung, Gerhard
name: Franosch, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulate a hard-sphere liquid in confined geometry where the separation of the two parallel, hard walls is smaller than two particle diameters. By systematically reducing the wall separation we analyze the behavior of structural and thermodynamic properties, such as inhomogeneous density profiles, structure factors, and compressibilities when approaching the two-dimensional limit. In agreement with asymptotic predictions, we find for quasi-two-dimensional fluids that the density profile becomes parabolic and the structure factor converges towards its two-dimensional counterpart. To extract the compressibility in polydisperse samples a perturbative expression is used which qualitatively influences the observed non-monotonic dependence of the compressibility with wall separation. We also present theoretical calculations based on fundamental-measure theory and integral-equation theory, which are in very good agreement with the simulation results.
description: Published in Physical Review E, https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.106.014614
Measuring Economic Efficiency: A Case Study Of State Owned Textile Industries In Ethiopia
Creators: name: Mitikie, Gezahegne
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 1988

description: An important factor that would influence the success or failure of an industrial concern is the degree of efficiency in the utilization of resources under its command. In Ethiopia efficiency is a major problem. There are some evidences to support the contention that resources are being utilized inefficiently. By employing the Oeomestic Resource Cost (ORC) methodology in general equilibrium setting. this study attempts to empi~ieal1y establish the incidence of protection and the magnitude of efficiency in the state owned textile industry at a point in time. The major findings are as follows: (a) The system of protection provides a uniform nominal protection to all firms (b) The effective protection is high and differs substantially among firms (c) The domestic resource cost is high and differs substantially among firms, indicating inefficiency (d) Firms with high domestic resource cost are accorded high protection while firms with low domestic resource cost are offered low protection. This indicates that the Ethiopian system of protection encouraged and supported inefficient firms (e) Wide differences exist between economic and private profitability among firms, indicating the presence of price pietortions both in the product and factor markets. The quantitative estimates further indicate that in a number of cases the effect of government policy was not consistent with objective of economic efficiency. To enhance economic efficiency in the state owned textile sector, substantial restructuring and policy reform is required. In respect to this, the study identified specific areas that deserve the attention of policy makers and recommends the measures to be taken.
Type-II Dirac fermions in the PtSe$_2$ class of transition metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Huang, Huaqing
name: Zhou, Shuyun
name: Duan, Wenhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a new "type-II" Weyl fermion, which exhibits exotic phenomena such as angle-dependent chiral anomaly, was discovered in a new phase of matter where electron and hole pockets contact at isolated Weyl points. [Nature \textbf{527}, 495 (2015)] This raises an interesting question whether its counterpart, i.e., type-II \textit{Dirac} fermion, exists in real materials. Here, we predict the existence of symmetry-protected type-II Dirac fermions in a class of transition metal dichalcogenide materials. Our first-principles calculations on PtSe$_2$ reveal its bulk type-II Dirac fermions which are characterized by strongly tilted Dirac cones, novel surface states, and exotic doping-driven Lifshitz transition. Our results show that the existence of type-II Dirac fermions in PtSe$_2$-type materials is closely related to its structural $P\bar{3}m1$ symmetry, which provides useful guidance for the experimental realization of type-II Dirac fermions and intriguing physical properties distinct from those of the standard Dirac fermions known before.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Leveraging contact network structure in the design of cluster randomized trials
Creators: name: Harling, Guy
name: Wang, Rui
name: Onnela, Jukka-Pekka
name: De Gruttola, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: In settings where proof-of-principle trials have succeeded but the effectiveness of different forms of implementation remains uncertain, trials that not only generate information about intervention effects but also provide public health benefit would be useful. Cluster randomized trials (CRT) capture both direct and indirect intervention effects; the latter depends heavily on contact networks within and across clusters. We propose a novel class of connectivity-informed trial designs that leverages information about such networks in order to improve public health impact and preserve ability to detect intervention effects. Methods: We consider CRTs in which the order of enrollment is based on the total number of ties between individuals across clusters (based either on the total number of inter-cluster connections or on connections only to untreated clusters). We include options analogous both to traditional Parallel and Stepped Wedge designs. We also allow for control clusters to be "held-back" from re-randomization for some period. We investigate the performance epidemic control and power to detect vaccine effect performance of these designs by simulating vaccination trials during an SEIR-type epidemic using a network-structured agent-based model. Results: In our simulations, connectivity-informed designs have lower peak infectiousness than comparable traditional designs and reduce cumulative incidence by 20%, but with little impact on time to end of epidemic and reduced power to detect differences in incidence across clusters. However even a brief "holdback" period restores most of the power lost compared to traditional approaches. Conclusion: Incorporating information about cluster connectivity in design of CRTs can increase their public health impact, especially in acute outbreak settings, with modest cost in power to detect an effective intervention.
description: 33 pages, original text submitted for review, Clinical Trials, first published online October 24, 2016
Exploring nonlocal observables in shock wave collisions
Creators: name: Ecker, Christian
name: Grumiller, Daniel
name: Stanzer, Philipp
name: Stricker, Stefan A.
name: van der Schee, Wilke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the time evolution of 2-point functions and entanglement entropy in strongly anisotropic, inhomogeneous and time-dependent N=4 super Yang-Mills theory in the large N and large 't Hooft coupling limit using AdS/CFT. On the gravity side this amounts to calculating the length of geodesics and area of extremal surfaces in the dynamical background of two colliding gravitational shockwaves, which we do numerically. We discriminate between three classes of initial conditions corresponding to wide, intermediate and narrow shocks, and show that they exhibit different phenomenology with respect to the nonlocal observables that we determine. Our results permit to use (holographic) entanglement entropy as an order parameter to distinguish between the two phases of the cross-over from the transparency to the full-stopping scenario in dynamical Yang-Mills plasma formation, which is frequently used as a toy model for heavy ion collisions. The time evolution of entanglement entropy allows to discern four regimes: highly efficient initial growth of entanglement, linear growth, (post) collisional drama and late time (polynomial) fall off. Surprisingly, we found that 2-point functions can be sensitive to the geometry inside the black hole apparent horizon, while we did not find such cases for the entanglement entropy.
description: 28 pp, 9 figs; v2: updated references, changed color bars in Figure 2 and Figure 6
The Effect of Financial Inclusion on Household Income in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Tigist, Birhanu
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: Financial inclusion is enabling the delivery of banking services at an affordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged and low-income groups. It is becoming a core element in economic growth, development, and poverty alleviation. Based on a nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Ethiopian Socio-economic Survey (ESS) carried out in 2015/16, this paper investigates the effect of financial inclusion on household's income in Ethiopia. The study employed both descriptive and econometric approaches to data analysis. In the econometric section, Quantile regression and Propensity Score Matching methods have been used in order to control for endogeneity problem that may exist among financial inclusion and income. The finding indicates that access to finance has a significant positive effect on household's income. Financial inclusion has a larger effect on the lower quantiles of household income. The 10th quantile income of financially excluded households is 37 percent lower than financially included households while the top 90th quantile income of financially exclude households is 17percent lower than of financially included households. This shows financial inclusion benefits more low-income households than high-income households, which supports those findings that argue financial inclusion lowers poverty and income inequality.
"We Need a Woman in Music": Exploring Wikipedia's Values on Article Priority
Creators: name: Houtti, Mo
name: Johnson, Isaac
name: Cepeda, Joel
name: Khandelwal, Soumya
name: Bhatnagar, Aviral
name: Terveen, Loren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Wikipedia -- like most peer production communities -- suffers from a basic problem: the amount of work that needs to be done (articles to be created and improved) exceeds the available resources (editor effort). Recommender systems have been deployed to address this problem, but they have tended to recommend work tasks that match individuals' personal interests, ignoring more global community values. In English Wikipedia, discussion about Vital articles constitutes a proxy for community values about the types of articles that are most important, and should therefore be prioritized for improvement. We first analyzed these discussions, finding that an article's priority is considered a function of 1) its inherent importance and 2) its effects on Wikipedia's global composition. One important example of the second consideration is balance, including along the dimensions of gender and geography. We then conducted a quantitative analysis evaluating how four different article prioritization methods -- two from prior research -- would affect Wikipedia's overall balance on these two dimensions; we found significant differences among the methods. We discuss the implications of our results, including particularly how they can guide the design of recommender systems that take into account community values, not just individuals' interests.
description: To appear at the 25th ACM Conference On Computer-Supported Cooperative Work And Social Computing (CSCW 2022)
Ermittelte Regeln und Erkenntnisse des Regelermittlungsausschusses nach § 46 des Mess- und Eichgesetzes. Stand: 8. Dezember 2014
Creators: name: Regelermittlungsausschuss bei der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2014
Subjects: Regelermittlungsausschuss
REA
Mess- und Eichgesetz
technische Spezifikationen
wesentliche Anforderungen
Verfahren der Konformitätsbewertung
Verwendung von Messgeräten

description: Stand: 8. Dezember 2014
The determinants of public hospital visiting households out of pocket healthcare expenditure in Addis Ababa
Creators: name: Selamawit, Tezera
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) have encouraged governments to facilitate effective mobilization, management and optimal use of financial resources in order to ensure the goals are met and living standard of citizens are improved. The health sector is one of the main sectors that necessitate sustainable investment to achieve Universal Health Coverage and to attain higher standard of living. However when this is not happening, households will be forced to rely on out-of-pocket healthcare spending in order to purchase a good health. A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa by using outlier robust regression method with the aim of analyzing which socio-economic factors determines household's out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure. The result of the study shows that income, family age structure, chronic disease, completing primary education and inpatient admission affect out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure positively while household size has a negative association. Therefore, real government's commitment is required to reduce the huge burden on households by investing, properly planning and implementing quality health services that provide the necessary medicines as well as treatments for groups that are vulnerable to financial burden.
MoCapDeform: Monocular 3D Human Motion Capture in Deformable Scenes
Creators: name: Li, Zhi
name: Shimada, Soshi
name: Schiele, Bernt
name: Theobalt, Christian
name: Golyanik, Vladislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: 3D human motion capture from monocular RGB images respecting interactions of a subject with complex and possibly deformable environments is a very challenging, ill-posed and under-explored problem. Existing methods address it only weakly and do not model possible surface deformations often occurring when humans interact with scene surfaces. In contrast, this paper proposes MoCapDeform, i.e., a new framework for monocular 3D human motion capture that is the first to explicitly model non-rigid deformations of a 3D scene for improved 3D human pose estimation and deformable environment reconstruction. MoCapDeform accepts a monocular RGB video and a 3D scene mesh aligned in the camera space. It first localises a subject in the input monocular video along with dense contact labels using a new raycasting based strategy. Next, our human-environment interaction constraints are leveraged to jointly optimise global 3D human poses and non-rigid surface deformations. MoCapDeform achieves superior accuracy than competing methods on several datasets, including our newly recorded one with deforming background scenes.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables; project page: https://4dqv.mpi-inf.mpg.de/MoCapDeform/