Racelda robusta Berenger & Gil-Santana 2005
Creators: name: Gil-Santana, Hélcio R.
name: Baena, Manuel
name: Grillo, Horacio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Reduviidae
Racelda
Racelda robusta

description: Racelda robusta Bérenger & Gil-Santana, 2005
Racelda robusta was recently described based on a male from French Guiana (Bérenger & Gil-Santana 2005). Whereas the holotype has the center of posterior lobe of pronotum entirely blackish, the male recorded here has a less extensive blackish coloration (Fig. 36).
PLATE 4. Figs. 24–35, Berengeria rafaeli, female holotype, 24, dorsal view, 25, head, pronotum and basal portion of hemelytra, dorsal view, 26–27, head, lateral view, 27(fringe of whitish hairs not represented), 28, head and pronotum, lateral view, the arrow points to the spine of the fore lobe of pronotum, 29–30, apex of fore femur, 29, outer face, 30, inner face, 31, spines of first abdominal segment, 32, crest of inner margin of connexivum, 33, left portion of first sternites, ventral view, 34, hind leg, lateral view, 35, genital segments, posterior view, 36, Racelda robusta, male, dorsal view.
The taxonomic validity and systematic position of the New World genera of Ectrichodiinae should be evaluated by an extensive revision of the taxa, including a cladistic analysis. In this work, all the genera considered valid by Carpintero & Maldonado (1996) and those described by Dougherty (1995) and Bérenger & Gil-Santana (2005), were included in the following key to New World genera of Ectrichodiinae.
Key to the New World genera of Ectrichodiinae, based on Wygodzinsky (1951), Dougherty (1995), Carpintero & Maldonado Capriles (1996), Forero (2004), and Bérenger & Gil-Santana (2005).
1. Antennal insertion protected laterally by a small sclerite. Scutellum with two midlateral projections and an apical blunt tip.
Tarsi bi-segmented. Fore- and middle tibia without fossula spongiosa.............. Ectrichodiella Fracker & Bruner, 1924 1’. Antennal insertions unprotected laterally, with at most a small prolongation of the antennophore. Scutellum with two distal
prongs. Tarsi tri-segmented. Fore- and mesotibia with fossula spongiosa .......................................... 2 2. Antennal insertion protected laterally by an extension of the antennophore; vertex elevated, ocellar callus conical..........
............................................................................... Jorgcoris Carpintero, 1980 2’ Antennal insertions unprotected laterally; vertex not elevated, ocellar callus conical or rounded........................ 3 3. Four antennal segments.................................................................................4 3’. Six or more [apparent] antennal segments.................................................................. 5 4. Ocelli not raised on an ocellar tubercle; sternites with heavy punctuation..................... .. Schuella Dougherty, 1995 4’. Ocelli raised on an ocellar tubercle; sternites without heavy punctuation.............................. Zirta Stål, 1859 5. Fore femur with a ventral cleft.......................................................................... 6 5’. Fore femur without ventral cleft, although it may be armed on ventral surface...................................... 9 6. Coloration uniformly black.................................................. Wygodzinskyocoris Dougherty, 1995 6’. Coloration with a combination of dark and light brown........................................................ 7 7. Sternites heavily punctuated.................................................... Cryptonannus Dougherty, 1995 7’. Sternites lacking heavy punctuation....................................................................... 8 8. Head elongate in lateral view, i. e., head length greater than head “height”................. Sinchocoris Dougherty, 1995 8’. Head subtriangular in lateral view, i. e., head length and height subequal.............. Doblepardocoris Dougherty, 1995 9. Fore femora with a row of large dentiform process ventrally......................... Borgmeierina Wygodzinsky, 1949 9’. Fore femora disarmed or at most with series of minute denticles or stiffened hairs ventrally.......................... 10 10. Post-ocular region with a pair of blunt elevations; seven antennal segments; fore and middle femora incrassated, with a ventral
carina and a row of setigerous and dentiform tubercles; ornamented with lemon yellow; length 9–9.5 mm ................
................................................................................ Xarada Carpintero, 1980 10’. Post-ocular region without a pair of elevations; seven or eight antennal segments; fore and middle femora incrassated or not
incrassated, without a ventral carina and a row of setigerous and dentiform tubercles; coloration different, usually with brown
or dark and red pattern................................................................................ 11 11. Seven antennal segments; fore lobe of pronotum with a pair of paramedial carinated lobes, ocellar callus conical; prongs of
scutellum close basally, divergent distally, spiniform............................... Travassocoris Wygodzinsky, 1947 11’. Seven to eight antennal segments; fore lobe of pronotum without a pair of paramedial carinated lobes; ocellar callus not coni-
cal: prongs of scutellum separated basally, subparallel........................................................ 12 12. Robust species with 15 to slightly over 40 mm of length; fore femora thickened, sometimes strongly so; middle femora less
frequently thickened, both with blunt tubercles or sharp and dentiform apophyses set on areas with short stiff hairs; fore and
middle trochanters with similar armature; fore and middle tibiae slightly or strongly thickening toward apex, with fossula
spongiosa well developed......................................................... Brontostoma Kirkaldy, 1904 12’. Smaller and/or less robust species; another set of characters................................................... 13 13. Head length longer than width, slender or robust............................................................ 14 13’. Head length as long as or shorter than width, robust......................................................... 20 14. First rostral segment elongated, longer than second and third together; pronotum smooth, shiny, and polished........... 15 14’. First rostral segment shorter or at most subequal, than second and third together; pronotum callous, opaque, rugose, seldom
shiny, and smooth................................................................................... 16 15. Fore lobe of pronotum with paramedial lobes, separated by a well marked midlongitudinal sulcus, which does not reach trans-
verse constriction............................................................... Parapothea Carpintero, 1980 15’. Fore lobe or pronotum without paramedial lobes, with the longitudinal sulcus obsolete..... Pothea Amyot & Serville, 1843 16. Second rostral segment longer than first; fore lobe of pronotum callous, hind lobe of pronotum rugous; metasternum with two
transverse carinae.............................................................. Margacoris Carpintero, 1980 16’. Second rostral segment length subequal to first segment; another set of characters................................. 17 17. First rostral segment shorter than second and third together; second rostral segment subequal than first, at most slightly longer or shorter; red-orange and black, rarely brownish species..................................................... 18 17’. First rostral segment almost as long as or longer than second and third together; second rostral segment markedly shorter than first; dark brown, brownish, blackish, at most with yellowish markings species.................................... 19 18. Longitudinal sulcus of fore lobe of pronotum well developed anteriorly, not reaching transverse constriction; pronotum often rugose, generally on anterior lobe, opaque or moderately shiny; length 10–26 mm ................... Rhiginia Stål, 1859 18’. Longitudinal sulcus of pronotum profound in the median portion, not reaching anterior and posterior margins; pronotum shiny, smooth; length 12–15 mm .............................................. Pseudozirta Bérenger & Gil-Santana, 2005 19. First antennal segment approximately half length of head; median longitudinal sulcus in anterior lobe obsolete; length 9–11.2 mm ...................................................................... Pseudopothea Wygodzinsky, 1951 19’. First antennal segment about as long as head; median longitudinal sulcus well developed in anterior lobe of pronotum and extending into posterior lobe continuously; length 8–17 mm ................................. .. Racelda Signoret, 1863 20. Body not flattened dorsoventrally........................................................................ 21 20’. Body flattened dorsoventrally........................................................................... 22 21. With ventrolateral pouches behind eyes; eyes, ocellar callus and ocelli large to very large; legs slender, unspined, not carinated below; fossula spongiosa very reduced, less than 1/5 length of fore and 1/10 length of middle tibiae; length 14–25 mm ................................................................................... Cricetopareis Breddin, 1903 21’. Without ventrolateral pouches behind eyes; eyes, ocellar callus conical or flattened; fore and middle legs strongly carinated below, femora with setigerous granules and dentiform spines; fossula spongiosa on fore and middle tibiae moderately developed, from 1/5 to 1/3 length of segment; length 6–13 mm ........................................ Daraxa Stål, 1859 22. Longitudinal sulcus of anterior lobe of pronotum reduced to a fovea; anteocular portion of head longer than postocular; head prognathous; fore and middle femora slightly enlarged, fusiform, carinated below, with setigerous tubercles.......................................................................................... Pseudodaraxa Carpintero, 1980 22’. Longitudinal sulcus of pronotum continuous along both lobes; anteocular portion of head much shorter than postocular; head hemispherical, vertical; fore femora enlarged basally, narrowing to apex, curved, thinly carinated on basal 2/3, with setiferous and teeth-like tubercles; middle and hind femora similar, slender, straight, without carinae... Pseudoracelda Carpintero, 1980
As the most recent keys to the American Reduviinae genera were written in three different Latin languages but not in English (Bérenger et al. 1996; Forero 2004; Gil-Santana & Coletto-Silva 2005), an updated key to these taxa is herein presented.
Key to the New World genera of Reduviinae, based on Lent & Wygodzinsky (1948), Bérenger et al. (1996), Forero (2004), and Gil-Santana & Coletto-Silva (2005).
1. Mandibular plates lamellate and elongated, including between them the base of the rostrum and surpassing the level of first
antennomere; antenna inserted laterally on head...................................... Aradomorpha Champion 1899 1’. Mandibular plates different; antennae inserted dorsally on head.................................................. 2 2. Tibiae without fossula spongiosa ......................................................................... 3 2’. Tibiae with fossula spongiosa ............................................................................ 5 3. More than 20 mm in length; legs long and slender, dorsal surface of femora smooth; lateral margins of scutellum with a pair of
sub-basal tubercles................................................................... Patago Bergroth, 1905 3’. Less than 10 mm in length; legs short, dorsal surface of femora strongly granulated; lateral margins of scutellum without tuber-
cles................................................................................................. 4 4. Anterior trochanter ventrally with a stout spiniform process; corium and membrane of hemelytra sharply detached from each
other, their relative dimensions as usual....................................................... Nalata Stål, 1860 4’. Anterior trochanter without a spiniform process; corium of hemelytra reduced to a narrow external band, not sharply detached
from the membrane, the latter very large, elongated forward to reach the hind border of pronotum..... Microlestria Stål, 1872 5. Apex of all femora at ventral surface with a distinct pair of dentiform processes.................... Leogorrus Stål, 1859 5’. Apex of all femora at ventral surface without such processes...................................................6 6. Disc of fore lobe of pronotum without tubercles or spines......................................................7 6’. Disc of fore lobe of pronotum with tubercles or spines....................................................... 12 7. Anterior and median femora with teeth all over ventral surface................................ Pantopsilus Berg, 1879 7’. Anterior and median femora without teeth processes on ventral surface........................................... 8 8. Smaller species, 6–8 mm of length........................................................................ 9 8’. Larger species, over 10 mm of length..................................................................... 10 9. Body covered with long fine hairs; posterior angles of connexivum smooth.................. Peregrinator Kirkaldy, 1904 9’. Body not covered with long fine hairs; posterior angles of connexivum with denticular lateral processes..................
....................................................................... Namapa Wygodzinsky & Lent, 1980 10. Anterior femora slightly sulcated longitudinally on ventral surface, with two longitudinal rows of very numerous short bristles;
the two cells of membrane with equal width................................... Corupaia Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1948 10’. Anterior femora not sulcated ventrally, with simple hairs only; the two cells of membrane with different dimensions...... 11 11. Outer cell of the membrane wider than inner cell; posterior border of hind lobe of pronotum not reflexed.................
................................................................................. Reduvius Fabricius, 1775 11’. Inner cell of the membrane wider than outer cell; posterior border of hind lobe of pronotum reflexed.....................
................................................................... Pseudozelurus Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1947 12. Pronotum distinctly granulated..........................................................................13 12’ Pronotum not granulated...............................................................................14 13. Disc of anterior lobe of pronotum with four tubercles; fore and median femora more thickened than hind ones.............
................................................................................ Opisthacidius Berg, 1879 13’. Disc of anterior lobe of pronotum with a pair of tubercles or short spines; fore and median femora slender, not much more
thickened than hind ones.................................................. Zeluroides Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1948 14. Mandibular plates very thickened, prominent, reaching surpassing apex of head; clypeus vertical.......................
...................................................................... Neivacoris Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1947 14’. Mandibular plates less developed, not reaching apex of head; clypeus never vertical.................. Zelurus Hahn, 1826
description: Published as part of Gil-Santana, Hélcio R., Baena, Manuel & Grillo, Horacio, 2013, Berengeria Gil-Santana & Coletto-Silva, a junior synonym of Ectrichodiella Fracker & Bruner, with new records and taxonomic notes on Ectrichodiinae from Brazil, and with keys to Ectrichodiinae and Reduviinae genera of the New World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Zootaxa 3652 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3652.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/216228