cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comment on "Linear superposition of regular black hole solutions of Einstein nonlinear electrodynamics"
Creators: name: Bronnikov, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that in the paper by A.A. Garcia-Diaz and G. Gutierrez-Cano [Phys. Rev. D 100, 064068 (2019)] on nonlinear electrodynamics coupled to general relativity, along with some interesting results and useful observations, many statements are either inaccurate or incomplete. In particular, the authors only consider solutions with an electric charge, whereas their magnetic counterparts have features of equal interest, both similar to and different from those of electric ones. Moreover, it is not mentioned that in electric solutions with a regular center the Lagrangian function $L(f)$ ($f = F_{μν} F^{μν}$) cannot have a Maxwell weak-field limit. The observation on superpositions of regular solutions suffers some inaccuracies. The present Comment tries to fill these and other gaps and to provide necessary corrections.
description: 4 pages, no figures
Statistical inference for time-inhomogeneous volatility models
Creators: name: Mercurio, Danilo
name: Spokoiny, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62M10 (Primary) 62P20 (Secondary)

description: This paper offers a new approach for estimating and forecasting the volatility of financial time series. No assumption is made about the parametric form of the processes. On the contrary, we only suppose that the volatility can be approximated by a constant over some interval. In such a framework, the main problem consists of filtering this interval of time homogeneity; then the estimate of the volatility can be simply obtained by local averaging. We construct a locally adaptive volatility estimate (LAVE) which can perform this task and investigate it both from the theoretical point of view and through Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, the LAVE procedure is applied to a data set of nine exchange rates and a comparison with a standard GARCH model is also provided. Both models appear to be capable of explaining many of the features of the data; nevertheless, the new approach seems to be superior to the GARCH method as far as the out-of-sample results are concerned.
Stellar-mass black holes in young massive and open stellar clusters IV: updated stellar-evolutionary and black hole spin models and comparisons with the LIGO-Virgo O1/O2 merger-event data
Creators: name: Banerjee, Sambaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a set of long-term, direct, relativistic many-body computations of model dense stellar clusters with up-to-date stellar-evolutionary, supernova (SN), and remnant natal-kick models, including pair instability and pulsation pair instability supernova (PSN and PPSN), using an updated version of NBODY7 N-body simulation program. The N-body model also includes stellar evolution-based natal spins of BHs and treatments of binary black hole (BBH) mergers based on numerical relativity. These, for the first time in a direct N-body simulation, allow for second-generation BBH mergers. The set of 65 evolutionary models have initial masses $10^4M_\odot-10^5M_\odot$, sizes 1 pc-3 pc, metallicity $0.0001-0.02$, with the massive stars in primordial binaries and they represent young massive clusters (YMC) and moderately massive open clusters (OC). Such models produce dynamically-paired BBH mergers that agree well with the observed masses, mass ratios, effective spin parameters, and final spins of the LVC O1/O2 merger events, provided BHs are born with low or no spin but spin up after undergoing a BBH merger or matter accretion onto it. In particular, the distinctly higher mass, effective spin parameter, and final spin of GW170729 merger event is naturally reproduced, as also the mass asymmetry of the O3 event GW190412. The computed models produce massive, $\sim100M_\odot$ BBH mergers with primary mass within the 'PSN gap' and also yield mergers involving remnants in the 'mass gap'. They also suggest that YMCs and OCs produce persistent, Local-Universe GW sources detectable by LISA. Such clusters are also capable of producing eccentric LIGO-Virgo mergers.
description: 31 pages (21 pages of main text plus appendices), 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS main journal. Matches accepted version
State-Level Predictors of Food Insecurity and Hunger Among Households With Children
Creators: name: Bartfeld, Judi
name: Dunifon, Rachel
name: Bartfeld, Judi
name: Dunifon, Rachel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Consumer/Household Economics
Food Security and Poverty

description: This report examines interstate variation in household food security. Using hierarchical modeling, we identify several contextual dimensions that appear linked to household food security: the availability and accessibility of Federal nutrition assistance programs, policies affecting economic well-being of low-income families, and States’ economic and social characteristics. These dimensions comprise what we refer to as the State food security infrastructure. We find that a strong food security infrastructure particularly benefits families that are economically vulnerable yet have incomes above the poverty line. Almost all of the observed interstate differences in food security can be explained by cross-State differences in demographic and contextual characteristics.
Metropolitan Area Food Prices and Children’s Weight Gain
Creators: name: Sturm, Roland
name: Datar, Ashlesha
name: Sturm, Roland
name: Datar, Ashlesha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Overweight among children has increased rapidly over the past two decades. According to growth charts of the Center for Disease Control, the average weight gain of children throughout the United States now exceeds the desirable norm. The trend has raised concerns about children’s diets and physical activity. A prevalent belief is that characteristics of the local food supply, such as the affordability of fresh produce and the density of food markets and restaurants, are associated with children’s diet and weight gain. However, there has been little empirical evidence. This study investigates these issues and finds an association between the relative cost of fruits and vegetables and excessive weight gain by elementary-age children.
Partial Coherence in modern optics: Emil Wolf's legacy in the 21st century
Creators: name: Agarwal, Girish S.
name: Classen, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We highlight the impact of Emil Wolf's work on coherence and polarization on an ever increasing amount of applications in the 21 st century. We present a brief review of how partial coherence at the level of increasing order of coherence functions is leading to evolution in the better methods for microscopy, imaging, optical coherence tomography; speckle imaging; propagation through random media. This evolution in our capabilities is expected to have wide ramifications in Science and Engineering.
description: In Press at Progress in Optics
Remote Sensing of Plant Pigments in Coastal Aquatic Systems
Creators: name: Oppelt, Natascha
Publisher: name: Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
Year: 2014
Subjects: Hyperspectral
Remote Sensing
Water
Hyperspectral Sensor

description: In coastal aquatic systems, marine macroalgae provide food and habitat for wildlife. Analysis of their occurrence and socialization therefore enables an estimate the state of coastal marine environment and provides evidence for environmental changes. To identify different macroalgae at family or species level, we have to identify their specific pigment composition. Hyperspectral sensors with their narrow band widths enable the detection of local absorption features of pigments and increased the number of possibilities to determine these features. This led to growing research interest to identify and monitor submerged and emerged coastal vegetation using airborne hyperspectral sensors. A precondition for a successful mapping of macroalgal habitats, however, is that their spectral features are spectrally resolvable. Besides the problems of identifying overlapping pigments features in terrestrial plants, the analysis of aquatic plants is difficult due to the dampening effect of water on the spectral signal. Emergent species usually have a higher average reflectance than submerged plants due to the absence of water attenuation. Moreover, the presence of flooding introduces variability in reflectance values due to the mixing of plant and water signals. This mixing usually results in a decrease in total reïflected radiation, especially in the Near to Mid Infrared. This paper discusses the performance of different approaches to determine the distribution of macroalgae communities in the rocky intertidal and sublitoral of Helgoland (Germany) using airborne AISAeagle data. We used standard supervised classification approaches such as the maximum likelihood classifier; to better cope with the varying reflectance levels we also introduced a new approach, which is based on the measurement of the slope between major algae pigments. The slope approach turned out as time effective possibility to identify the dominating macroalgae species via their pigment assemblage in the intertidal and upper sublitoral zone, even in the heterogeneous and patchy coverage of the study area. With increasing water depths (> 2 m), a water column correction is compulsory for macroalgae mapping. In this study, the bio-optical model MIP was applied to identify different types of brown algae in the sublitoral zone of the study area.
Theoretical Prediction of P-Triphenylene-Graphdiyne as an Excellent Anode Material for Li, Na, K, Mg, and Ca Batteries
Creators: name: Salavati, Mohammad
name: Alajlan, Naif
name: Rabczuk, Timon
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Technologie
subject: phosphorated triphenylene-graphdiyne
subject: first principles
subject: metal-ions batteries
subject: 2D anode materials

description: The efficient performance of metal-ion batteries strongly depends on electrode materials characteristics. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are among promising electrode materials for metal-ion battery cells, owing to their excellent structural and electronic properties. Two-dimensional graphdiyne has been recently fabricated and revealed unique storage capacities and fast charging rates. The current study explores the performance of the novel phosphorated-triphenylene graphdiyne (P-TpG) monolayer as an anode material for Li-, Na-, K-, Mg-, and Ca-ions storage via extensive density functional theory (DFT) simulations. Our results reveal that the stable structure of P-TpG monolayers delivers ultra-high storage capacities of ~2148, ~1696, ~1017, and ~2035 mA·h·g−1 for Li-, Na-, K-, and Ca- ions, respectively. Notably, the metallic electronic behavior is illustrated by adsorbing metal-ions on the P-TpG nanosheets, suggesting a good electronic conductivity. The NEB results demonstrate that P-TpG can serve as an outstanding candidate for the optimal charging/discharging process. This theoretical study suggests P-TpG nanosheets as a highly promising candidate for the design of advanced metal-ion batteries with remarkable charge capacities and optimal charging/discharging rates.
Exact $S_3$ symmetry solving the supersymmetric flavor problem
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
name: Kubo, Jisuke
name: Terao, Haruhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exact discrete flavor symmetry, $S_3$ in the hadronic sector and $S_3 \times Z_2$ in the leptonic sector, which has been recently found, is introduced in a supersymmetric extension of the standard model. We investigate the supersymmetric flavor problem, and explicitly find that thanks to the flavor symmetry the dangerous FCNC processes and CP-violating phases are sufficiently suppressed.
description: 11 pages, version accepted for publication, comments on the higgs sector and typos corrected, acknowledgments and references added
ILLEGAL ALIENS IN AGRICULTURE: SOME-THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Creators: name: Rochin, Refugio I.
name: Rochin, Refugio I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: In this decade the illegal alien has been a major newsworthy item; described in terms such as an "invasion of illegal aliens," a "national disaster" and a "burden of $13 billion for taxpayers" (Bustamante, 1976). It happened before during the Great Depression of the 1930's when active and open opposition to Mexican workers in the United States forced the harsh repatriation and "voluntary" departures. of over 400,000 Mexican aliens (Hoffman). The issue over the so-called "wetbacks" came up in the early 1950' s when the claim was made by Mexican-American organizations in border towns that illegals adversely effected wages and working conditions (Samora and Bustamante).
title: Impact of resolved scales on global marine biogeochemical models
Creators: name: McKiver, William J.
name: Vichi, Marcello
name: Lovato, Tomas
Publisher: name: ASC 2012 - Theme session R
Year: 2024
Subjects: Technologies and data
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.As computer power improves so also has the trend towards using higher resolution in an effort to capture a greater proportion of the real world in the models. Following this approach, within the framework of the EU-FP7 GreenSeas project, we have recently updated the PELAGOS model, a coupling between the NEMO general circulation model and the Biogeochemical Flux Model (BFM), from 2 degree to 1/4 degree resolution. Applying the model at higher resolution is computationally demanding, as not only is the grid resolution finer, but also a smaller timestep is required for stability, thus making long time simulations beyond the spinup phase extremely difficult.
Additional file 1 of Supporting the use of research evidence in decision-making in crisis zones in low- and middle-income countries: a critical interpretive synthesis
Creators: name: Khalid, Ahmad
name: Lavis, John
name: El-Jardali, Fadi
name: Vanstone, Meredith
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Initial database search strategy.
Confirmation of NIKA2 investigation of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect by using synthetic clusters of galaxies
Creators: name: De Petris, M.
name: Ruppin, F.
name: Sembolini, F.
name: Adam, R.
name: Baldi, A. S.
name: Cialone, G.
name: Comis, B.
name: De Luca, F.
name: Gianfagna, G.
name: Kéruzoré, F.
name: Macìas-Pérez, J.
name: Mayet, F.
name: Perotto, L.
name: Yepes, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NIKA2 Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Large Program (SZLP) is focused on mapping the thermal SZ signal of a representative sample of selected Planck and ACT clusters spanning the redshift range 0.5
description: 6 pages, 5 figures; to appear in the proceedings of the international conference entitled "mm Universe @ NIKA2", Grenoble (France), June 2019, EPJ Web of conferences
title: Variability in the modelled and observed spring bloom in the North Atlantic: Variability in the modelled and observed spring bloom in the North Atlantic
Creators: name: Samuelsen, Annette
name: Simon, Ehouarn
name: Bertino, Laurent
Publisher: name: ASC 2012 - Theme session R
Year: 2024
Subjects: Technologies and data
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.When projecting biogeochemical models into the future, it is important to be able to capture both the seasonal cycle and the interannual variability. In-situ and satellite measurements from the North Atlantic indicate that both timing and magnitude of phytoplankton blooms as well as the primary production vary considerably between years. Modelled chlorophyll and primary production produce a reasonable seasonal cycle, but the result show less interannual variability than the observations. The underlying assumptions behind these coupled physical-biological models is that the variability at the lower trophic levels is controlled by the variability in the climate system, it is therefore surprising that this variability is absent when the model is forced with an atmospheric reanalysis product that inherently contains this climatic variability. To pinpoint the reason behind the lack of variability we explore two different hypotheses for the model uniformity: (1) the observed variability occurs because of lack of representativity of the measurements (statistical sampling effects). (2) The variability stems from internal processes in the biological model. In this extended abstract, results from investigating only hypothesis (1) is presented
Gender mainstreaming urban waste reduction in European cities
Creators: name: Buckingham, Susan
name: Perello, Michelle
name: López-Murcia, Javier
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: This paper contributes to gender mainstreaming and waste management literatures, which largely neglect the empirical dimensions of gender mainstreaming in environmental practices, and have a complete lacuna in waste management. Informed by an ecofeminist approach which argues that gender equality is necessary to achieve environmental sustainability, the paper, and its underpinning research, utilizes feminist and participatory methodologies for implementing gender mainstreaming in waste reduction innovations. This enables the links between greater gender awareness and more environmentally sustainable waste management practice to be explored, and the opportunities for, and obstacles to, adopting gender mainstreaming in waste management to be assessed. The largely qualitative data, drawn from surveys, focus groups and evaluations in eleven European cities, suggest that while developing gender awareness in waste reduction is complex, with many factors contributing to its adoption, a link between waste reduction initiatives achieving CO2 equivalent savings and greater gender awareness can be observed.
Additional file 1 of Transcriptional changes in Toxoplasma gondii in response to treatment with monensin
Creators: name: Bintao Zhai
name: He, Jun-Jun
name: Elsheikha, Hany
name: Jie-Xi Li
name: Zhu, Xing-Quan
name: Xiaoye Yang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Primer sequences used for qPCR analysis.
The Firm’s Role in Creating Work Passion
Creators: name: Serafimova, Velina
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Work passion has received increasing attention from scholars and practitioners who recognise its benefits for both individuals and organisations. Research has defined the concept of work passion and demonstrated its positive outcomes, but its antecedents are significantly understudied. The work environment has been suggested as a major antecedent to the work passion creation process; however, its role in the creation process represents a large research gap. This study focused on the firm’s perspective by investigating the role of leaders and human resource management (HRM) representatives as the main organisational actors responsible for shaping the work environment. A qualitative design allowed leaders and HRM representatives to report their understanding of work passion, their role in creating and maintaining passion, and their perception of its possible negative effects on employees. These aspects were addressed using 26 semi-structured interviews with participants from various industries, including IT, technology, education, consumer goods, financial services and consulting. Analysis revealed three key findings that represent a significant contribution to the work passion literature and have important implications for organisational practice. First, leaders and HRM representatives demonstrated low awareness of the work passion concept. Therefore, the organisation may be missing out on opportunities to improve individual and organisational outcomes that could be achieved through recognition of passion’s unique characteristics. Second, the role of leadership in work passion was considered significant, while the relationship between HRM and work passion was perceived as distant and indirect. Third, having passion for a specific task or aspect of the job was seen to potentially cause an adverse effect on employee performance and well-being. These findings expand knowledge about work passion by providing the organisational perspective on passion creation and maintenance. This study also revealed a new direction for research regarding the specific outcomes of having passion only towards a task or aspect of the job as opposed to having passion for the job overall.
Estimating invariant laws of linear processes by U-statistics
Creators: name: Schick, Anton
name: Wefelmeyer, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62M09, 62M10 (Primary) 62G05, 62G20. (Secondary)

description: Suppose we observe an invertible linear process with independent mean-zero innovations and with coefficients depending on a finite-dimensional parameter, and we want to estimate the expectation of some function under the stationary distribution of the process. The usual estimator would be the empirical estimator. It can be improved using the fact that the innovations are centered. We construct an even better estimator using the representation of the observations as infinite-order moving averages of the innovations. Then the expectation of the function under the stationary distribution can be written as the expectation under the distribution of an infinite series in terms of the innovations, and it can be estimated by a U-statistic of increasing order (also called an ``infinite-order U-statistic'') in terms of the estimated innovations. The estimator can be further improved using the fact that the innovations are centered. This improved estimator is optimal if the coefficients of the linear process are estimated optimally.
Formation of Dwarf Galaxies during the Cosmic Reionization
Creators: name: Susa, Hajime
name: Umemura, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reanalyze the photoevaporation problem of subgalactic objects irradiated by UVB radiation in a reionized universe. For the purpose, we perform three-dimensional radiation smoothed-particle-hydrodynamics calculations, where the radiative transfer is solved by a direct method and also the non-equilibrium chemistry of primordial gas including H$_2$ molecules is incorporated. Attention is concentrated on radiative transfer effects against UVB for the formation of subgalactic objects with $T_{\rm vir}\la 10^4$K. We consider the reionization model with $z_{\rm reion} \approx 7$ and also the earlier reionization model ($z_{\rm reion} \approx 17$) inferred by the WMAP. We find that the star formation is suppressed appreciably by UVB, but baryons at high-density peaks are self-shielded even during the reionization, forming some amount of stars eventually. In that sense, the photoevaporation for subgalactic systems is not so perfect as argued by one-dimensional spherical calculations. The final stellar fraction depends on the collapse epoch and the mass of system, but almost regardless of the reionization epoch. For instance, a few tenths of formed stars are born after the cosmic reionization in $z_{\rm reion} \approx 7$ model, while more than 90% stars are born after the reionization in the WMAP reionization model. Thus, effects of UVB feedback on the substructure problem with CDM scenario should be evaluated with careful treatment of the radiative transfer. The star clusters formed at high-density peaks coalesce with each other in a dissipationless fashion in a dark matter potential, resultantly forming a spheroidal system. As a result, these low-mass galaxies have large mass-to-light ratios such as observed in dwarf spheroidals in the Local Group.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures ApJ accepted
Bright and Vivid Diffractive-Plasmonic Structural Colors
Creators: name: Melo, Emerson G.
name: Ribeiro, Ana L. A.
name: Benevides, Rodrigo S.
name: Zuben, Antonio A. G. V.
name: Santos, Marcos V. P.
name: Silva, Alexandre A.
name: Wiederhecker, Gustavo S.
name: Alegre, Thiago P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colors observed in nature are very important to form our perception of an object as well as its design. The desire to reproduce vivid colors such as those found in birds, fishes, flowers and insects has driven extensive research into nanostructured surfaces. Structural colors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) have played an important role in this field due to its high spatial resolution. Creating vivid color reflecting surfaces is still a major challenge and could revolutionize low power consumption image displays. Here we combine diffraction and plasmonic effects to design bright and vivid-color reflecting surfaces. The periodic reflection patterns are designed through genetic algorithm optimization and are defined in aluminum coated silicon chips.
description: 17 pages
The t-tbar cross-section at 1.8 and 1.96 TeV: a study of the systematics due to parton densities and scale dependence
Creators: name: Cacciari, M.
name: Frixione, S.
name: Mangano, M. L.
name: Nason, P.
name: Ridolfi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We update the theoretical predictions for the t-tbar production cross-section at the Tevatron, taking into account the most recent determinations of systematic uncertainties in the extraction of the proton parton densities.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, Latex
Additional file 1 of A prospective double-blinded randomised control trial comparing robotic arm-assisted functionally aligned total knee arthroplasty versus robotic arm-assisted mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty
Creators: name: Kayani, Babar
name: Sujith Konan
name: Tahmassebi, Jenni
name: Oussedik, Sam
name: Moriarty, Peter
name: Haddad, Fares
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: Additional file 1. Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013 checklistâ€”recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
Deriving site-specific and time-varying supply curves for forest carbon storage
Creators: name: Cho, Seong-Hoon
name: Ayara, Amine Ben
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Clark, Christopher D.
name: Guangsheng Chen
name: Hayes, Daniel J.
name: Bijay P. Sharma
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: We examine whether site-specific and time-varying supply functions for environmental benefits can be used to improve the design of conservation programs. We derive time-varying supply curves for site-specific forest carbon storage at the one-km2 pixel level for three periods for the southern Appalachian region of the United States. We couple a land use model with a carbon simulation model to estimate the opportunity cost of sequestering forest carbon and derive supply curves for forest carbon storage for the three periods. Our study derives a large number of annual supply curves for site-specific forest carbon storage across multiple periods. Our approach signifies the value of identifying cost-effective approaches at a fine enough scale to account for the information asymmetry between private landowner costs and their benefits from potential land uses. The temporal aspect of our findings raise important questions about temporal flexibilities of payment designs with regard to their spatial targeting.
Emerging Issues in Agricultural Labor Relations
Creators: name: Martin, Philip L.
name: Rochin, Refugio I.
name: Martin, Philip L.
name: Rochin, Refugio I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Labor relations in agriculture have been characterized by ·the absence of formal agreements negotiated by employer and labor representatives. Historically, labor law has assured agriculture a "special and exempt" status, a condition which obviated any legal responsibility for employers to respond to employee demands, making organizing efforts more difficult. The hired· farm work force, dominated by youth working less than three months in agriculture, found self-organization nearly impossible. Despite periodic resurgences of interest in the agricultural labor problem, associated with the periodic "rediscovery" of migrant farm laborers (U.S. Congress, Senate); the extension of minimum wages and, more recently, unemployment insurance to farmworkers (U.S. Congress, House); and the proper role of alien labor in American agriculture (Galarza); agricultural labor relations within a defined legal framework are a product of the mid-1970. The 1975 passage of the Agricultural Labor Relations Act (AI.RA) in California, the state with the largest hired work force, marks a new era in agricultural labor relations.
A blueprint for a methodology to balance land-use in semi-natural areas
Creators: name: Chiarenza, Giancarlo Maria
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: I investigated the effectiveness of a multi-criteria decision analysis process in integrating the study of community composition, aimed to allow sustainable use of semi-natural habitats. Weighted linear combination identified the suitability for recreational use and conservation potential of different sectors of the study area, obtained respectively from questionnaires and the examination of plant biodiversity. After assessing human impacts, I created a compromise scenario using a multi-objective land allocation method. I found a positive relationship between the most frequented areas and the presence of anthropogenic vegetation, but a negative relationship with biodiversity. My method effectively detected human presence hotspots and highlighted the most vulnerable areas. Therefore, multi-criteria decision analysis, used alongside plant ecology expertise, can successfully promote balanced land-use planning, especially in highly frequented regions with significant natural features.
On the control of some coupled systems of the Boussinesq kind with few controls
Creators: name: Fernández-Cara, Enrique
name: Souza, Diego A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B37, 93B05, 35Q35

description: This paper is devoted to prove the local exact controllability to the trajectories for a coupled system, of the Boussinesq kind, with a reduced number of controls. In the state system, the unknowns are the velocity field and pressure of the fluid $(y, p)$, the temperature $θ$ and an additional variable $c$ that can be viewed as the concentration of a contaminant solute. We prove several results, that essentially show that it is sufficient to act locally in space on the equations satisfied by $θ$ and $c$.
description: 21 pages
Additional file 1 of A multiplex PCR assay for rapid identification of major tospovirus vectors reported in India
Creators: name: Jangra, Sumit
name: Anubha Mittal
name: Dhall, Heena
name: Jain, Rakesh
name: Amalendu Ghosh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Figure S1. Dorsal view of adult thrips vectors (a) T. palmi, (b) S. dorsalis, (c) T. tabaci, and (d) F. schultzei. The microscopic slides were prepared following Silveria and Haro [43]. The thrips vectors were at first identified based on the standard morphometric keys following Bhatti [44], and Cluever and Smith [45] and further confirmed by cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences.
The efficiency of the estimators of the parameters in GARCH processes
Creators: name: Berkes, István
name: Horváth, Lajos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62F12 (Primary) 62M10. (Secondary)

description: We propose a class of estimators for the parameters of a GARCH(p,q) sequence. We show that our estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal under mild conditions. The quasi-maximum likelihood and the likelihood estimators are discussed in detail. We show that the maximum likelihood estimator is optimal. If the tail of the distribution of the innovations is polynomial, even a quasi-maximum likelihood estimator based on exponential density performs better than the standard normal density-based quasi-likelihood estimator of Lee and Hansen and Lumsdaine.
Unboxing America : the orientation of box stores and their sites
Creators: name: Howell, Robert Don
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: Box stores are a common fixture in rural and suburban American communities with commensurately large parking lots, often 2 to 3 times the size of the store. Recent online shopping trends and shifts in the retail landscape have placed pressure on these retailers to adapt to consumer demands such as product delivery directly to consumers and an increased online presence. Simultaneously, e-commerce companies like Amazon are looking to gain a stronger foothold in the market by expanding their physical store presence. The recent filings for bankruptcy by once prominent brick and mortar retailers have left thousands of box stores vacant throughout North America. These unoccupied structures can be a blight in the fabric of the community they once served. This project imagines the reorientation of a now vacated K-Mart in Utah, USA as a prototype for box stores as they adapt to accommodate local product distribution. It also envisions a re-urbanization of the site in order to benefit the community at large.
title: New methodologies to build an integrated global plankton database: the GreenSeas Analysis Framework
Creators: name: Bruun, John
name: Somerfield, Paul
name: Allen, Icarus
name: Vichi, Marcello
name: McKiver, William
name: Racault, Marie-Fanny
name: Johannessen, Johnny
name: Bellerby, Richard
name: Waldron, Howard
Publisher: name: ASC 2012 - Theme session R
Year: 2024
Subjects: Technologies and data
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.In order to assess the current state of the marine planktonic ecosystem on an Atlantic basin scale it is necessary to provide a consistent framework through which historical data and knowledge can be used to benchmark the current state and function of the plankton ecosystem. This then provides the opportunity to enhance and improve current biogeochemical model predictions used for future assessments of climate change. We present a novel methodology that is applied in current GreenSeas analyses to carry out this type of climate assessment. Specifically the GreenSeas Analysis Framework (GSAF) provides an integrated platform from which to create 30+ year time-series that combine knowledge from three types of marine observation: 1) biogeochemical numerical models (with a current focus on PELAGOS/ BFM), 2) remote sensing satellite observation and 3) from in-situ sampling. The GSAF maps this combined knowledge onto the in-situ transect sampling locations. This framework takes into account uncertainties due to irregularly sampled time series, and the potential for bias in the in-situ sampling of plankton abundance due to small scale spatial in-homogeneities in the plankton abundance. We also discuss the protocols required to ensure observations are mapped onto equivalent definitions of the metrics. This GSAF is currently combining knowledge across Arctic (1913+), Atlantic (1985+) and Southern Ocean (1992+) waters. In principal this novel approach can also be extended and applied to other Ocean studies and for wider biogeochemical numerical model types and the potentials for carrying this out are discussed.
CONSTRUCTION OF A MULTIREGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST FROM SECONDARY DATA
Creators: name: Wilkins, John R.
name: Wilkins, John R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Industrial Organization

description: Input-output (I-0) or interindustry analysis has become a useful tool of general equilibrium in economics. It permits estimation of the output effects in all sectors or industries of an economy in response to a change in the output of one sector. This is possible because I-0 shows economic interdependence within the economy. Interregional or multiregional I-0 extends the usefulness of a single state I-0 model to two or more states, and shows the economic structure among states as well as within each state. Where a single state I-0 model has one transaction matrix, a multiregional I-0 (MRIO) has transaction submatrices for each state as well as export and import submatrices, which show interstate trade estimates among industries of the states, all within the MRIO matrix. Figure 1 is a diagram of the Washington-Oregon-Idaho MRIO model developed by the Economic Research Service of USDA. The three submatrices on the diagonal running from upper left to lower right represent the in-state transactions of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, respectively. Located horizontally from each in-state transaction submatrix are two export submatrices. The submatrix just right of the Washington state submatrix shows Washington exports to Oregon, by sector. Further to the right is a submatrix showing Washington exports to Idaho. Oregon exports are shown horizontally to the left and right of the Oregon state transactions submatrix. Idaho exports are shown to the left of the Idaho state transactions submatrix.
Particle Trapping in Axisymmetric Electron Holes
Creators: name: Hutchinson, I H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron orbits are calculated in solitary two-dimensional axisymmetric electrostatic potential structures, typical of plasma electron holes, in order to establish the conditions for the particles to remain trapped. Analytic calculations of the evolution of the parallel energy caused by the perturbing radial electric field are shown to agree well with full numerical orbit integration Poincaré plots. The predominant mechanism of detrapping is resonance between the gyro frequency in the parallel magnetic field and harmonics of the parallel bounce frequency. A region of phase-space adjacent to the trapped-passing boundary in parallel energy is generally stochastic because of island overlap of different harmonics, but except for very strong radial electric field perturbation, more deeply trapped orbits have well-defined islands and are permanently confined. A simple universal quantitative algorithm is given, and its results plotted as a function of magnetic field strength and hole radial scale-length, determining the phase space volume available to sustain the electron hole by depression of the permanently trapped distribution function.
description: Added second orbit figure. Corrected various others. Adjusted mathematics. Corrected a last minute typo in eq 33 in appendix
High Strength Impact Welding of HSLA 340 to Al 5754 and Application Prototype
Creators: name: Mao, Yu
name: Thurson, Brian
name: Li, Jianxiong
name: Vivek, Anupam
name: Daehn, Glenn
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: vaporizing foil actuator welding
subject: prototype demonstration
subject: high cycle fatigue
subject: lightweighting
subject: high strength low alloy steel
subject: impact welding
subject: 620
subject: 670

description: Vaporizing Foil Actuator Welding (VFAW) technique was applied to join 4 mm thick aluminium alloy 5754 to 2.5 mm thick High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel 340 with a 1 mm thick aluminium alloy 3003-H14 interlayer. Welds with consistent peak loads of 17.6 kN were achieved with input energy less than 5 kJ. Tension-tension fatigue testing yielded high cycle around 1000k cycles under the peak load of 40% tensile strength from static testing. Microscopic characterization revealed no continuous melting zones in the welding interfaces. Coupled with lightweight designs, the approach was utilized on prototype production of an aluminium-steel vehicle subframe. Issues related to arcing arose and were tackled during the development of prototype production.
The role of a deductible/credit system for post-disaster public assistance in meeting alternative policy goals
Creators: name: Rose, Adam
name: Ganderton, Philip
name: Eyer, Jonathan
name: Wei, Dan
name: Bostic, Raphael
name: Detlof Von Winterfeldt
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology

description: We analyze a major potential reform of the current FEMA Public Assistance Program that would establish a deductible against the coverage of losses and would offer credits for expenditure on risk reduction by states as an incentive to offset the deductible. While the current FEMA Program is targeted primarily towards repairing damaged property, there is a potential to formulate a Deductible/Credit System (DCS), so as to achieve a reduction in other worthy goals as well, such as reducing fatalities and accelerating recovery. We analyze the effect of the DCS on the achievement of these alternative goals and on state and federal expenditure under various assumptions about which types of disaster losses are eligible for credits. Although the effect of the DCS depends on how states respond to the credit incentive, it is unlikely to reduce total state expenditure on the combination of risk reduction and disaster losses in the short term.
ELASTICITIES: BETIER POLICY STATISTICS FROM INTERINDUSTRY STUDIES
Creators: name: Ayer, Harry W.
name: Baskett, James
name: Ayer, Harry W.
name: Baskett, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: It is argued that multipliers from interindustry studies are easily misinterpreted. Elasticities are developed and presented as a more relevant policy statistic. A current example of the relative advantage of elasticities is given. Elasticities better reflect the potential for needed sector growth, and use more readily available and comprehended data.
PRIVATE VS. PUBLIC ORGANIZATION OF THE U.S. GRAIN EXPORTS
Creators: name: Palmby, Clarence D.
name: Palmby, Clarence D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: I am pleased to participate in this forum on a subject which continues to occupy a role of critical importance in our nation's farm economy. The meeting theme: "Public Vs. Private Control of U.S. Grain Exports" gives me an opportunity to describe the organization, operations, strengths and possible weaknesses of the United States system of exporting grain. I shall welcome the chance to explore with others on the panel those avenues of thought which can lead to improvement of the system.
Time as a Barrier to Trade Facilitation: Assessing the Impact of TPP on China’s Agriculture
Creators: name: Lv, Yingkang
name: Lin, Hai
name: Lv, Yingkang
name: Lin, Hai
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: TPP
subject: Trade Facilitation
subject: Agricultural Trade
subject: GTAP

description: The Trans-Pacific Partnership is an influential representative of recent regional trade labialization, which will seriously affect the production and trade of China’s agricultural sectors. Taking into account tariff and trade facilitation, we assess the impact of the TPP as negotiated with a modified GTAP model. It is found that TPP may mildly impact China’s economy by -0.09%, if the trade facilitation terms in TPP are well implemented China’s loss will be much larger (-0.34%). The impact on China’s agricultural sectors, especially Meat products, Other Crops and Animal product will also be more severe. Besides, comparison of the two scenarios indicates that those previous assessments of FTA may have underestimated their advantages by ignoring the non-tariff barriers and focusing only on the tariff cut.