Pterostichus (Wraseiellus) pseudodiversus Shi & Sciaky, new species
Creators: name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Sciaky, Riccardo
name: Liang, Hongbin
name: Zhou, Hongzhang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Pterostichus
Pterostichus pseudodiversus

description: Pterostichus (Wraseiellus) pseudodiversus Shi & Sciaky, new species
(Figures 13, 14, 15, 16, 26, 37, 38, 39, 45–56, 62, 79–84, 85, 89, 92, 103)
Type locality. China: Yunnan province, Ninglang County, Luguhu, Gouzuandong pass, N27.63205º, E100.81781º, 3367 m.
Type materials. Holotype (IZAS), male, body length = 11.8 mm, pinned, genitalia dissected and glued on plastic film pinned under specimen, " CHINA, Yunnan, / Lijiang, Ninglang, / Luguhu, Gouzuandong / N27.63205, E100.81781 "; " 3367m; 2009. VII.19 / SHI H.L. coll. PTF trap / Inst. Of Zoology, CAS / "; "IOZ(E)1891200"; " HOLOTYPE 3/ Pterostichus (Wraseiellus) / pseudodiversus new species / Des. SHI H.L. 2012" [red label] [Figs. 13, 26, 37, 45, 62, 79, 103]. Paratypes (total 40 specimens): Luguhu: 3 females (IZAS), the same label data as the holotype, but IOZ(E) database number 1891201–1891203 [Figs. 85, 89, 92]. 3 males (SCAU), "Yunnan, Luguhu, 2002.08, Tian Mingyi leg.". 1 male (IZAS), " CHINA, Yunnan prov., Ninglang county, south of Luguhu lake, Gouzuandong pass, 3352m, 2012. VI.03 day, N27.63215 E100.81777 "; "mixed forest with pine and rhododendra, SHI Hongliang, LIU Ye leg. Institute of Zoology, CAS" [Fig. 47]. 9 males, 14 females (7 males, 11 females in IZAS; 2 males, 3 females in CRS), " CHINA, Yunnan prov., Ninglang county, south of Luguhu lake, Gouzuandong pass, 3352m, 2012. VI.04, N27.63215 E100.81777 "; "mixed forest with pine and rhododendra, by pitfall trap, SHI Hongliang, LIU Ye leg. Institute of Zoology, CAS" [Figs. 46, 48, 49, 50]. Lanping: 3 males (SCAU), "Yunnan, Nujiang, Lanping, 3000m, 2002.7.20, Tian Mingyi leg." [Figs. 51, 83]. Deqin: 2 males, 1 female (IZAS), "Yunnan, Deqin, Baimangxueshan, (E.slope) 3700m "; "1987. VIII.26, Liao Subai leg." [Figs. 15, 55, 82]. Zhongdian: 1 male (CRS), "CHINA-YUNNAN, 16– 21.6.94 ZHONGDIAN, lgt. E. Kučera" [Figs. 54, 81]. Muli: 2 males, 1 female (IZAS), " CHINA, Sichuan, Mianbu pass btw. Yanyuan and Muli, 3244m mixed forest, N27.68638 E101.22335 "; "2012. VI.7, pitfall trap, SHI Hongliang, LIU Ye leg. Institute of Zoology, CAS " [Figs.14, 38, 52, 53, 80].
Non-type materials examined. 1 male 2 females (IZAS), " CHINA, Yunnan, Diqing, Weixi, Pantiange, Zhazi; N27.34647, E99.27661 "; " 3029m; 2009. VII.12, Shi H.L. coll. PTF trap Inst. of Zoology, CAS" [Figs. 16, 39, 56, 84].
Diagnosis. From the shape of pronotum and male genital characters, this new species is very similar to Pterostichus diversus Fairmaire. From all the other members of this subgenus, these two species can be distinguished by: (1) 5th tarsomere usually without seta beneath; (2) a distinct ridge present between outer basal foveal groove and lateral margin; (3) right paramere long and curved, apex wide.
The new species is difficult to be distinguished from Pt. diversus in external characters, but their male genitalia show that they are different species. Compared with Pt. diversus, the new species is different in: (1) area between inner and outer basal foveal grooves usually less convex than in Pt. diversus (Figs. 102, 103); (2) 3rd antennomere with few additional setae, while in Pt. diversus 3rd antennomere usually glabrous except apical ring; (3) right paramere shorter than in Pt. diversus, apex rounded or slightly pointed, never truncate (Figs. 79 B–84B), but in Pt. diversus, right paramere longer and apex usually truncate (truncate in Figs. 74 B–76B, rarely slightly pointed in Fig. 77 B); (4) in Pt. pseudodiversus, median lobe of aedeagus stouter (Figs. 37 A–39A), in lateral view, apex not bent to the dorsal side (Fig. 62 B), apex of apical lamella narrow or slightly truncate, slightly bent to the left side (Figs. 45– 56); but in Pt. diversus, median lobe of aedeagus slenderer (Figs. 33 A, 34A), in lateral view, apex distinctly bent to the dorsal side (Fig. 61 B), apex of apical lamella capitate and not bent to the left side (Figs. 41, 42).
Description. Body length 11.8–14.9 mm; dorsal side black or reddish brown, shining in males; legs dark brown, tarsi brown; ventral side black or dark brown. Males with elytral microsculpture isodiametric. Head. Frons and vertex impunctate or sparsely punctate; antennae reaching elytra basal eighth; inner margin of 3rd antennomere usually with few additional setae subapically, but glabrous in some specimens; males with the terminal labial palpomere similar as in females, slightly expanded and truncate. Pronotum rounded, widest a little before middle, PW/PL = 1.26–1.46; lateral margins fully rounded near the middle, slightly sinuate just before hind angles; hind angles slightly pointed; one mid-lateral seta present at about anterior third; basal fovea moderately deep, faintly defined; inner groove of basal fovea subparallel to median line, slightly curved to the outside posteriorly, ended at a distance from the posterior margin of pronotum; outer groove of basal fovea about half length as inner one, as deep as inner one, reaching or almost reaching the basal margin of pronotum; ridge between outer groove and lateral margin distinct; area between inner and outer basal foveal grooves feebly convex and punctate; basal fovea area punctate, some sparser punctures usually present on the area between two basal foveae. Elytra with base slightly depressed between 3rd and 5th intervals; elytral shoulder slightly narrowed, humeral teeth small but distinct; intervals feebly convex; striae moderately deep, with very faint punctures; scutellar striae long, usually incomplete, located between 1st stria and elytral suture; umbilical pore series on 9th interval sparse in the middle, composed of 16–18 pores (6–7, 2–3, 7–8). Ventral side. Proepisterna and metaepisterna finely punctate; terminal sternum of males without special structure. Legs. 5th tarsomere without seta beneath. Male genitalia. Median lobe of male genitalia bent at a 90 degrees angle at about basal two-fifths; ventral margin almost straight in the middle, apical part not bent to the ventral side (Figs. 37 A–39A); apical orifice large, slightly turned to the left side, apical lamella slightly twisted to the left (Figs. 37 B–39B); apical lamella laminar, 1.1–1.6 times as the basal width, apex bent to the left, rounded or slightly truncate (Figs. 45–56); apex of apical lamella not turned to the dorsal side, ventral surface slightly thickened (Fig. 62 B). Right paramere laminar, elongate and curved, right margin curved, narrowed apically, apex rounded or slightly pointed (Figs. 79 B–84B). Female genitalia similar with Pt. diversus Fairmaire (Fig. 89). Spermatheca with the seminal canal about ten times long as the receptaculum; spermathecal gland strongly expanded; the seminal canal inserted at the base of common oviduct, base of seminal canal sclerotized (Fig. 85). Stylomere 2 with two or three ensiform setae at the outer margin and three or four at inner margin (Fig. 92).
Distribution. The distribution range of this species is the widest in the subgenus, including many localities from northwest part of Yunnan: Luguhu (N27.63º, E100.82º), Lanping (N26.46º, E99.25º), Weixi (N27.35º, E99.28º), Deqin (N28.37º, E99.02º), Zhongdian (N27.82º, E99.70º), and Mianbu pass between Muli and Yanyuan (N27.69º, E101.22º) from south Sichuan. Pt. pseudodiversus is strictly allopartic with all the other species of this subgenus (Figs. 110, 111).
Etymology. The name " pseudodiversus " is the combination of the Greek epithets " pseud -" and " diversus ", referring to the similarity of this new species with Pterostichus diversus (Fairmaire).
Remarks. In this species, the shape of apical lamella of male genitalia varies from individual to individual. In general, specimens from Zhongdian and Deqin have the apex more rounded (Figs. 54, 55), while those from Lanping, Luguhu and Muli more truncate (Figs. 45–53). Moreover, the only examined male from Weixi, which is somewhat different from the others, has the slenderest apical lamella (Fig. 56). But even in the same locality (such as specimens from Luguhu), the shape of apical lamella is not constant, from rounded to slightly truncate, and from rather narrow to somewhat wider (Figs. 45–50). Similar variation also presents in the shape of pronotum, narrower or wider, varying both in population and individual level. Since there is no constant difference both in male genital and external characters among specimens from different localities, we do not try to divide this species into different subspecies in the present paper, and include the majority of examined specimens from five localities (see above) in the type series except those three specimens (1 male and 2 females) from Weixi which were excluded for their slenderer apical lamella (Figs. 39, 56).
description: Published as part of Shi, Hongliang, Sciaky, Riccardo, Liang, Hongbin & Zhou, Hongzhang, 2013, A new subgenus Wraseiellus of the genus Pterostichus Bonelli (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichini) and new species descriptions, pp. 101-135 in Zootaxa 3664 (2) on pages 115-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/220503