Malus toringo de Vriese
Creators: name: Li, Jing-chao
name: Liu, Jian-quan
name: Gao, Xin-fen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Rosales
Rosaceae
Malus
Malus toringo

description: 8. Malus toringo (Siebold) Siebold ex de Vriese
Figs 23–24
Tuinbouw-Flora van Nederland en zijne overzeesche Bezittingen Vol. 3: 368 (de Vriese 1856).
Sorbus toringo Siebold, Jaarboek van de koninklijke nederlandsche Maatschappij tot Aanmoediging van den Tuinbouw 1848: 47 (Siebold 1848), nom. nud. – Pyrus toringo (Siebold) Miq., Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi. Amsterdam 3 (2): 41 (Miquel 1867). – Pyrus rivularis var. toringo (Siebold) Wenz., Linnaea 38 (1): 39 (Wenzig 1874). – Malus microcarpa var. toringo (Siebold) Carrière, Étude générale du Genre pommier: 61, fig. 11 (Carrière 1883). – Malus baccata subsp. toringo (Siebold) Koidz., Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 25 (290): 76 (Koidzumi 1911).
– Type: JAPAN • Honshu, Nagano, on the way from Senjongahara to Mt. Mikuni yama, Azusa yama, Kawakamimura, Minamisaku-gun; alt. 1700 m; 25 May 1963; M. Hotta 12195; neotype: LE, designated by Langenfeld 1991: 143.
Pyrus sieboldii Regel, Index Seminum quae Hortus Botanicus Imperialis Petropolitanus pro Mutua Commutatione Offert: 51 (Regel 1859). – Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehder, Plantae Wilsonianae Vol. 2 (2): 293 (Rehder 1915), nom. illeg.
Malus sargentii Rehder, Trees & Shrubs Vol. 1 (2): 71 (Rehder 1903a). – Malus toringo subsp. sargentii (Rehder) Likhonos, Trudy po prikladnoi botanike genetike i selektsii 52 (3): 33 (Likhonos 1974). – Malus toringo var. sargentii (Rehder) Ponomar., Sbornik nauchnykh Trudov po prikladnoi botanike, genetike i selektsii 146: 9 (Ponomarenko 1992).
– Type: JAPAN • Hokkaido, brackish marsh near Mororan; 25 Sep. 1892; C.S. Sargent s.n.; type: A [A00026654]!
Crataegus cavaleriei H.Lév. & Vaniot, Bulletin de la Société botanique de France 55: 58 (Léveillé 1908).
– Type: CHINA • Kouy Tcheou, Pin-fa; 23 Jul. 1902; J. Cavalerie 93; lectotype: E [E00010841]!, here designated; isolectotype: E[E00284743]!
Photinia rubrolutea H.Lév., Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis 9: 460 (Léveillé 1911).
– Type: CHINA • Kouy Tcheou; 13 Nov. 1907; J. Cavalerie 3303; type: K [K000758420]!
Pyrus esquirolii H.Lév., Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis 12: 189 (Léveillé 1913).
– Type: CHINA • Kouy-Tcheou, Pin-Fa; 2 Apr. 1902; fl; J. Cavalerie 1304; lectotype: E [E00010840]!, here designated; isolectotype: GH [GH 00032495]!
Malus sieboldii var. arborescens Rehder, Plantae Wilsonianae Vol. 2 (2): 294 (Rehder 1915).
– Type: JAPAN • Hondo, Lake Chuzenji; alt. 5000 ft; 3 Jun. 1914; fl; E.H. Wilson 6800; lectotype: A [A00368650]!, here designated.
Malus sieboldii var. calocarpa Rehder, Plantae Wilsonianae Vol. 2 (2): 294 (Rehder 1915).
– Type: JAPAN • cultivated at the Arnold Arboretum; 1890; Dr W.S. Bigelow s.n.; type: A [A00106229, A00106231]!
Malus sieboldii var. incisa Koidz., Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 30 (358): 331 (Koidzumi 1916), nom. nud.
Malus toringo var. koringo Koidz., Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 3 (4): 183 (Koidzumi 1934b). – Malus toringo f. koringo (Koidz.) T.Shimizu, Journal of Phytogeography and Taxonomy 37 (2): 120 (Shimizu 1989).
Malus sieboldii var. sargentii (Asami) Langenf., Daildarznieciba 8: 13 (Langenfeld 1971), without basionym ref.
Examined specimens
CHINA – Anhui • Yuexi; 24 Aug. 1986; fr; Plant survey Team Da0586; PE • Jinzhai; 6 Aug. 1986; fr; Plant survey Team Da0225; PE. – Beijing • Haidian; 21 Aug. 1962; fr; Renguo 49; PE • ibid.; 23 Apr. 1962; fl; Renguo 41; PE • ibid.; 26 Apr. 1957; st; H.X. An et al. 229257; PE. – Chongqing • Chengkou; 6 Jul. 2008; fr; Bashan coll. Team 0008; PE • Wushan; 26 May 1989; fl; L.Q. Chen Chuanhua-258; PE, CCAU. – Hubei • Lichuan; 5 Jun. 1958; fr; W.B. Lin 235; PE, HIB • Shennongjia; 14 Aug. 2008; fr; Yu et al. 080176; PE • Guangshui; 27 Jun. 2009; st; Y.Z. Luo 3038; HENU. – Hunan • Nanyu; 8 Aug. 1948; fr; Y. Liu 570; NAS • Hengshan; 24 May 1944; fr; H.D. Zhang 3185; IBK, IBSC • Qianyang; 22 Jun. 1954; fr; Z.T. Li 2450; IBSC • Xinning; 18 Jul. 1979; fr; Q.Z. Lin 10078; IBSC, CSFI • Sangzhi; 26 Apr. 2009; fl; B. Zhang & X. Xiang 090426033; PE. – Gansu • Pingliang; 16 May 2014; st; Y. He & J.C. Hao GSL 2014050597; BNU • Gannan; 25 Jun. 1956; fr; B.Z. Guo 3108; HNWP • ibid.; 13 May 1956; fr; Yellow River Investigation Team 3629; HNWP, KUN, PE. – Guangdong • Lianshan; 5 Dec. 1996; fr; B.H. Chen 234; IBSC • Lechang; 26 Oct. 1986; fr; Nanling Team 3157; IBSC • ibid.; 25 Oct. 1987; fr; Nanling Team 4086; IBSC • Renhua; 21 May 1936; fr; W.T. Tsang 26450; IBSC • Ruyuan; 10 Apr. 1934; fl; X.P. Gao 54078; IBK, IBSC, KUN, NAS, PE, SZ. – Guangxi • Damiaoshan; 9 Jul. 1959; fr; Q.H. Lv 3499; HITBC, IBSC, PE • Xingan; 23 Jul. 2014; fr; Xinganxian survey Team 450325140723009LY; GXMG • Ziyuan; 23 May 1982; fr; G.Z. Li 11600; IBK • Quanzhou; 12 Oct. 2014; fr; Quanzhouxian survey Team 450324141012045LY; GXMG, IBK. – Guizhou • Yunyan; 15 Sep. 2002; fr; Q.R. Liu et al. LCG2002072; BNU • Jinping; Jun. 1964; fr; Y.M. Wang 64-1068; GFS • Kaili; 23 May 1959; fl, fr; Qiannan Team 2122; PE, HGAS, NAS • Liziba; 20 Nov. 1927; fr; B.Q. Zhong 309; PE, GFS, KUN. – Liaoning • Anshan; 28 Sep. 1950; fr; Q.T. Li 2569; IFP • Jinxian; 1 May 1984; fl; J.Q. Deng 4; PE • Shenyang; 7 Jul. 1966; fr; Y.M. Huang s.n.; IFP. – Jiangxi • Chongyi; 19 Jun. 1965; fr; M.X. Nie et al. 08863; LBG • Suichuan; 22 Apr. 2015; fr; D.G. Zhang & G.X. Chen LXP-064550; JIU • Lushan; 18 Sep. 1984; fr; J.Y. Liu 8400213; TIE • Dayuxian; 17 Jun. 1962; st; J.S. Yue et al. 1315; NAS • Jian; 21 May 2016; fr; Zhang et al. LXP- 13-17760; SYS • locality unknown; 4 Sep. 2016; fr; T.J. Liang LS20160070; CSH. – Jiangsu • Nanjing; 21 Sep. 1982; fr; G. Yao 8388; NAS • ibid.; 18 Aug. 1981; fr; G. Yao et al. 8216; FJSI • Suzhou; 23 Aug. 1958; fr; F.X. Liu 10803; HHBG. – Qinghai • Xining; 25 May 1990; fl; Z.H. Zhang et al. 5709; HNWP • ibid.; 20 May 1991; fr; R.H. Zhang s.n.; HNWP • ibid.; 20 May 1991; fl; W. Li s.n.; HNWP. – Shandong • Qingdao; 1982; fr; D.J. Yu 40; PE • ibid.; 7 Jul. 2013; X.B. Ma 10175; SDFRG • Zhangjiashan; 30 May 2012; fl; Y.M. Fang 170; SDFRG • Laiyang; 3 May 1955; fl; F.S. Zhang 511; PE. – Shaanxi • Baoji; 1 Aug. 1989; fr; Y.S. Lian et al. 96133; PE • Ningshan; 24 Jul. 1982; fr; Anonymous 4-170; PE • ibid.; 18 ul. 2007; fr; Q.R. Liu QL028; BNU • Wugong; 21 Jun. 1955; st; D.J. Yu 46; PE • Langao; 29 Jun. 2004; fr; Chen et al. 562; WUK. – Sichuan • Maoxian; 9 Jul. 1959; fr; Maowen Group 5105; CDBI, SM • Songgang; 25 May 1957; fl; X. Li 70851; PE, IBSC, IFP, KUN, NAS, SZ • Qingchuan; 25 Aug. 1930; fr; F.T. Wang 22361; PE. – Yunnan • Weixi; 11 Sep. 1974; st; P. Zhang 74058; PE • Lijiang; 21 Aug. 1974; st; P. Zhang 74002; PE. – Zhejiang • Hangzhou; 27 Jun. 2002; fr; Zhu & Liu 443; PE, HITBC, IBSC • ibid.; 27 Jun. 2002; fr; Q.G. Zhu & Q.W. Liu 56; HITBC, IBSC • ibid.; 5 May 1973; fl, fr; Anonymous s.n.; PE [00953581] • Chunan; 1 Jun. 1959; fr; M.L. She et al. 27770; NAS.
JAPAN – Shinano • Nagano; 14 Jun. 1965; fl; Miyoshi Fufuse 43178; PE • ibid.; 16 Sep. 1952; fr; Miyoshi Fufuse 25713; PE • ibid.; 8 May 1948; fl; Miyoshi Fufuse 19023; PE.
SOUTH KOREA – Chollabuk-do • Wanju-gun, cultivated; 8 Aug. 1992; fr; D.E. Boufford et al. 25818; PE. – Gyeongsangbuk-do • Uiseong-gun; 13 Apr. 2011; fl; Nagtong-90; PE.
UNITED STATES – Maryland • Prince George, cultivated; 16 Oct. 1982; fr; Steven R. Hill 12497; PE, NAS. – Massachusetts • Arnold Arboretum; 2 Oct. 1916; fr; H.H. Chung 4013; PE.
Description
Small tree or shrub, 4‒6 (6‒8) m high. Branches terete, aculeolate and pendulous, pubescent when young, glabrescent. Leaves petiolate, petiole ca 2.3 cm long, puberulous. Lamina 5.9 × 3.0 cm, elliptic to ovate, base rounded or cuneate, equilateral, apex acute or acuminate, margin crenate to serrulate, blade puberulous, sometimes 3-lobed, rarely 5-lobed. Inflorescence umbellate, with 4‒8 flowers. Pedicel ca 3.0 cm long, puberulous or glabrous. Hypanthium puberulous or glabrous. Sepals triangular, abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely puberulous, caducous. Petals ca 1.2 × 0.7 cm, pink, obovate. Stamens ca 20, unequal, yellow. Styles 3‒5, longer than stamens, basally densely puberulent. Pome ca 0.6‒0.8 cm in diameter, subglobose or oblate, yellow or red. Carpopodium ca 2.5 cm long, glabrous.
Phenology
Flowers from April to May. Mature fruits from August to September.
Habitat
Terrestrial, seasonally green, growing in the mixed forests or shrubs in plains or valleys, rarely in forests in mountain areas; 600‒1700 m a.s.l.
Distribution
North Korea, South Korea, Japan and China (Liaoning, Shandong, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Qinghai, Zhejiang, Yunnan) (Fig. 23).
Chromosome numbers
2n = 34, 51, 68, 85.
description: Published as part of Li, Jing-chao, Liu, Jian-quan & Gao, Xin-fen, 2022, A revision of the genus Malus Mill. (Rosaceae), pp. 1-127 in European Journal of Taxonomy 853 on pages 40-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.853.2019, http://zenodo.org/record/7501371