cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On-site underground background measurements for the KASKA reactor-neutrino experiment
Creators: name: Furuta, H.
name: Sakuma, K.
name: Aoki, M.
name: Fukuda, Y.
name: Funaki, Y.
name: Hara, T.
name: Haruna, T.
name: Ishihara, N.
name: Katsumata, M.
name: Kawasaki, T.
name: Kuze, M.
name: Maeda, J.
name: Matsubara, T.
name: Matsumoto, T.
name: Miyata, H.
name: Nagasaka, Y.
name: Nakagawa, T.
name: Nakajima, N.
name: Nitta, K.
name: Sakai, K.
name: Sakamoto, Y.
name: Suekane, F.
name: Sumiyoshi, T.
name: Tabata, H.
name: Tamura, N.
name: Tsuchiya, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On-site underground background measurements were performed for the planned reactor-neutrino oscillation experiment KASKA at Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power station in Niigata, Japan. A small-diameter boring hole was excavated down to 70m underground level, and a detector unit for $γ$-ray and cosmic-muon measurements was placed at various depths to take data. The data were analyzed to obtain abundance of natural radioactive elements in the surrounding soil and rates of cosmic muons that penetrate the overburden. The results will be reflected in the design of the KASKA experiment.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, final version for publication. Table 1 and Fig.5 have changed
Novel null tests for the spatial curvature and homogeneity of the Universe and their machine learning reconstructions
Creators: name: Arjona, Rubén
name: Nesseris, Savvas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A plethora of observational data obtained over the last couple of decades has allowed cosmology to enter into a precision era and has led to the foundation of the standard cosmological constant and cold dark matter paradigm, known as the $Λ$CDM model. Given the many possible extensions of this concordance model, we present here several novel consistency tests which could be used to probe for deviations from $Λ$CDM. First, we derive a joint consistency test for the spatial curvature $Ω_{k,0}$ and the matter density $Ω_\textrm{m,0}$ parameters, constructed using only the Hubble rate $H(z)$, which can be determined directly from observations. Second, we present a new test of possible deviations from homogeneity using the combination of two datasets, either the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and $H(z)$ data or the transversal and radial BAO data, while we also introduce two consistency tests for $Λ$CDM which could be reconstructed via the transversal and radial BAO data. We then reconstruct the aforementioned tests using the currently available data in a model independent manner using a particular machine learning approach, namely the Genetic Algorithms. Finally, we also report on a $\sim 4σ$ tension on the transition redshift as determined by the $H(z)$ and radial BAO data.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Changes match published version
Infrared facets of the three-gluon vertex
Creators: name: Aguilar, A. C.
name: De Soto, F.
name: Ferreira, M. N.
name: Papavassiliou, J.
name: Rodríguez-Quintero, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present novel lattice results for the form factors of the quenched three-gluon vertex of QCD, in two special kinematic configurations that depend on a single momentum scale. We consider three form factors, two associated with a classical tensor structure and one without tree-level counterpart, exhibiting markedly different infrared behaviors. Specifically, while the former display the typical suppression driven by a negative logarithmic singularity at the origin, the latter saturates at a small negative constant. These exceptional features are analyzed within the Schwinger-Dyson framework, with the aid of special relations obtained from the Slavnov-Taylor identities of the theory. The emerging picture of the underlying dynamics is thoroughly corroborated by the lattice results, both qualitatively as well as quantitatively.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Dispersion relation of nutation surface spin waves in ferromagnets
Creators: name: Cherkasskii, Mikhail
name: Farle, Michael
name: Semisalova, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inertia effects in magnetization dynamics are theoretically shown to result in a different type of spin waves, i.e. nutation surface spin waves, which propagate at terahertz frequencies in in-plane magnetized ferromagnetic thin films. Considering the magnetostatic limit, i.e. neglecting exchange coupling, we calculate dispersion relation and group velocity, which we find to be slower than the velocity of conventional (precession) spin waves. In addition, we find that the nutation surface spin waves are backward spin waves. Furthermore, we show that inertia causes a decrease of the frequency of the precession spin waves, namely magnetostatic surface spin waves and backward volume magnetostatic spin waves. The magnitude of the decrease depends on the magnetic properties of the film and its geometry.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Chiral-Yang-Mills theory, non commutative differential geometry, and the need for a Lie super-algebra
Creators: name: Thierry-Mieg, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Yang-Mills theory, the charges of the left and right massless Fermions are independent of each other. We propose a new paradigm where we remove this freedom and densify the algebraic structure of Yang-Mills theory by integrating the scalar Higgs field into a new gauge-chiral 1-form which connects Fermions of opposite chiralities. Using the Bianchi identity, we prove that the corresponding covariant differential is associative if and only if we gauge a Lie-Kac super-algebra. In this model, spontaneous symmetry breakdown naturally occurs along an odd generator of the super-algebra and induces a representation of the Connes-Lott non commutative differential geometry of the 2-point finite space.
description: 17 pages, no figure
Junction conditions and thin-shells in perfect-fluid $f\left(R,T\right)$ gravity
Creators: name: Rosa, João Luís
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we derive the junction conditions for the matching between two spacetimes at a separation hypersurface in the perfect-fluid version of $f\left(R,T\right)$ gravity, not only in the usual geometrical representation but also in a dynamically equivalent scalar-tensor representation. We start with the general case in which a thin-shell separates the two spacetimes at the separation hypersurface, for which the general junction conditions are deduced, and the particular case for smooth matching is considered when the stress-energy tensor of the thin-shell vanishes. The set of junction conditions is similar to the one previously obtained for $f\left(R\right)$ gravity but features also constraints in the continuity of the trace of the stress-energy tensor $T_{ab}$ and its partial derivatives, which force the thin-shell to satisfy the equation of state of radiation $σ=2p_t$. As a consequence, a necessary and sufficient condition for spherically symmetric thin-shells to satisfy all the energy conditions is the positivity of its energy density $σ$. For specific forms of the function $f\left(R,T\right)$, the continuity of $R$ and $T$ ceases to be mandatory but a gravitational double-layer arises at the separation hypersurface. The Martinez thin-shell system and a thin-shell surrounding a central black-hole are provided as examples of application.
description: 21 pages
Dopant Induced Stabilization of Silicon Cluster at Finite Temperature
Creators: name: Zorriasatein, Shahab
name: Joshi, Kavita
name: Kanhere, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advances in miniaturization, understanding and controlling properties of significant technological systems like silicon in nano regime assumes considerable importance. It turns out that small silicon clusters in the size range of 15-20 atoms are unstable upon heating and in fact fragment in the temperature range of 1200 K to 1500 K. In the present work we demonstrate that it is possible to stabilize such clusters by introducing appropriate dopant (in this case Ti). Specifically, by using the first principle density functional simulations we show that Ti doped Si$_{16}$, having the Frank-Kasper geometry, remains stable till 2200 K and fragments only above 2600 K. The observed melting transition is a two step process. The first step is initiated by the surface melting around 600 K. The second step is the destruction of the cage which occurs around 2250 K giving rise to a peak in the heat capacity curve.
description: 6 pages, 8 Figs. Submitted to PRB
The active region source of a type III radio storm observed by Parker Solar Probe during Encounter 2
Creators: name: Harra, L.
name: Brooks, D. H.
name: Bale, S. D.
name: Mandrini, C. H.
name: Barczynski, K.
name: Sharma, R.
name: Badman, S. T.
name: Dominguez, S. Vargas
name: Pulupa, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. To investigate the source of a type III radio burst storm during encounter 2 of NASA's Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission. Aims. It was observed that in encounter 2 of NASA's Parker Solar Probe mission there was a large amount of radio activity, and in particular a noise storm of frequent, small type III bursts from 31st March to 6th April 2019. Our aim is to investigate the source of these small and frequent bursts. Methods. In order to do this, we analysed data from the Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS), PSP FIELDS, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA). We studied the behaviour of active region 12737, whose emergence and evolution coincides with the timing of the radio noise storm and determined the possible origins of the electron beams within the active region. To do this, we probe the dynamics, Doppler velocity, non-thermal velocity, FIP bias, densities, and carry out magnetic modelling. Results. We demonstrate that although the active region on the disk produces no significant flares, its evolution indicates it is a source of the electron beams causing the radio storm. They most likely originate from the area at the edge of the active region that shows strong blue-shifted plasma. We demonstrate that as the active region grows and expands, the area of the blue-shifted region at the edge increases, which is also consistent with the increasing area where large-scale or expanding magnetic field lines from our modelling are anchored. This expansion is most significant between 1 and 4 April 2019, coinciding with the onset of the type III storm and the decrease of the individual burst's peak frequency, indicating the height at which the peak radiation is emitted increases as the active region evolves.
Probing flavor structure in unified theory with scalar spectroscopy
Creators: name: Inoue, Kenzo
name: Kojima, Kentaro
name: Yoshioka, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flavor structure in unified theory is probed with superparticle mass spectrum observed in future particle experiments. A key ingredient is the generation dependence of scalar mass non-degeneracy. The observed non-degeneracy in low-energy regime is shown to provide a direct imprint of flavor structure in high-energy fundamental theory. The implication from flavor-violating rare process is also discussed.
description: 24 pages, typos corrected
Öffentliche Bibliotheken als Partner bei der „Digitalen Bildung“ von Kindern und Familien
Creators: name: Schlebbe, Kirsten
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Digitalisierung
subject: Digitale Bildung
subject: Medienkonsum
subject: Vorschulkind
subject: Leseförderung
subject: Öffentliche Bibliothek
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften

description: Ob die gemeinsame Gute-Nacht-Geschichte auf dem E-Book-Reader, das YouTube-Video auf einer langen Zugfahrt oder das regelmäßige Skype- Gespräch mit den Großeltern: Digitale Medien sind aus dem Alltag von Kindern und ihren Familien oftmals nicht mehr wegzudenken. Die digitale Medienumgebung wirkt sich dabei auch auf das kindliche und familiäre Informationsverhalten aus. Während früher ein passender Eintrag im Kinderlexikon gefunden werden musste, genügt heute eine kurze Suche bei Wikipedia, um den Kleinen zu zeigen, wie eigentlich ein Ameisenbär aussieht. Doch mit den Veränderungen im Medien- und Informationsverhalten entstehen auch Unsicherheiten bei Eltern und Kindern. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich daher mit der Frage, welche veränderten Anforderungen sich durch die Digitalisierung von kindlichen Medienwelten für Öffentliche Bibliotheken ergeben und welche Rolle sie als Partner bei der „Digitalen Bildung“ von Kindern und Familien zukünftig übernehmen könnten.
Formation and fate of the born-again planetary nebula HuBi 1
Creators: name: Toalá, J. A.
name: Lora, V.
name: Montoro-Molina, B.
name: Guerrero, M. A.
name: Esquivel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations on the formation and evolution of born-again planetary nebulae (PNe), with particular emphasis to the case of HuBi1, the inside-out PN. We use the extensively-tested GUACHO code to simulate the formation of HuBi1 adopting mass-loss and stellar wind terminal velocity estimates obtained from observations presented by our group. We found that, if the inner shell of HuBi1 was formed by an explosive very late thermal pulse (VLTP) ejecting material with velocities of $\sim$300 km s$^{-1}$, the age of this structure is consistent with that of $\simeq$200 yr derived from multi-epoch narrow-band imaging. Our simulations predict that, as a consequence of the dramatic reduction of the stellar wind velocity and photon ionizing flux during the VLTP, the velocity and pressure structure of the outer H-rich nebula are affected creating turbulent ionized structures surrounding the inner shell. These are indeed detected in Gran Telescopio Canarias MEGARA optical observations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the current relatively low ionizing photon flux from the central star of HuBi1 is not able to completely ionize the inner shell, which favors previous suggestions that its excitation is dominated by shocks. Our simulations suggest that the kinetic energy of the H-poor ejecta of HuBi1 is at least 30 times that of the clumps and filaments in the evolved born-again PNe A30 and A78, making it a truly unique VLTP event.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, no tables; accepted to MNRAS
Coherent photo- and electroproduction of charmonia on nuclear targets revisited: Green function formalism
Creators: name: Nemchik, J.
name: Óbertová, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study for the first time the production of charmonia in nuclear ultra-peripheral and electron-ion collisions based on a rigorous Green function formalism. Such formalism allows to incorporate properly formation effects (color transparency), as well as the quantum coherence inherent in higher twist shadowing corrections related to the $|Q \bar{Q}\rangle$ Fock component of the photon. The leading twist gluon shadowing associated with multi-gluon photon fluctuations is also included within the same formalism. The later effect represents the dominant source of shadowing at mid rapidities in the LHC kinematic region, while the reduced effect of quark shadowing leads to a significant modification of differential cross sections $dσ/dy$ at forward and/or backwards rapidities. Model calculations for $dσ/dy$ are in a good agreement with available UPC data on coherent charmonium production at RHIC and the LHC. In addition, we also perform predictions for nuclear effects in the electroproduction of charmonia, which can be verified by new data from electron-ion colliders.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Multi-objective optimization for retinal photoisomerization models with respect to experimental observables
Creators: name: Vargas-Hernández, Rodrigo A.
name: Chuang, Chern
name: Brumer, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fitting of physical models is often done only using a single target observable. However, when multiple targets are considered, the fitting procedure becomes cumbersome, there being no easy way to quantify the robustness of the model for all different observables. Here, we illustrate that one can jointly search for the best model for each desired observable through multi-objective optimization. To do so we construct the Pareto front to study if there exists a set of parameters of the model that can jointly describe multiple, or all, observables. To alleviate the computational cost, the predicted error for each targeted objective is approximated with a Gaussian process model, as it is commonly done in the Bayesian optimization framework. We applied this methodology to improve three different models used in the simulation of stationary state $cis-trans$ photoisomerization of retinal in rhodopsin. Optimization was done with respect to different experimental measurements, including emission spectra, peak absorption frequencies for the $cis$ and $trans$ conformers, and the energy storage.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures
Stringy origin of non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
name: Nilles, Hans Peter
name: Plöger, Felix
name: Raby, Stuart
name: Ratz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the origin of non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries in superstring theory. We classify all possible non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries which can appear in heterotic orbifold models. These symmetries include D_4 and Delta(54). We find that the symmetries of the couplings are always larger than the symmetries of the compact space. This is because they are a consequence of the geometry of the orbifold combined with the space group selection rules of the string. We also study possible breaking patterns. Our analysis yields a simple geometric understanding of the realization of non-Abelian flavor symmetries.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures, v2: matches version published in Nuclear Physics B
Analysis of the structure of complex networks at different resolution levels
Creators: name: Arenas, Alex
name: Fernandez, Alberto
name: Gomez, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Modular structure is ubiquitous in real-world complex networks, and its detection is important because it gives insights in the structure-functionality Modular structure is ubiquitous in real-world complex networks, and its detection is important because it gives insights in the structure-functionality relationship. The standard approach is based on the optimization of a quality function, modularity, which is a relative quality measure for a partition of a network into modules. Recently some authors [1,2] have pointed out that the optimization of modularity has a fundamental drawback: the existence of a resolution limit beyond which no modular structure can be detected even though these modules might have own entity. The reason is that several topological descriptions of the network coexist at different scales, which is, in general, a fingerprint of complex systems. Here we propose a method that allows for multiple resolution screening of the modular structure. The method has been validated using synthetic networks, discovering the predefined structures at all scales. Its application to two real social networks allows to find the exact splits reported in the literature, as well as the substructure beyond the actual split.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
DFT-optimized structures of carbene derivatives on 2D MoS2 surface
Creators: name: Jones, Leighton
name: Schatz, George C
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 30301 Chemical Characterisation of Materials
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Chemistry
subject: 30304 Physical Chemistry of Materials
subject: 30799 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30307 Theory and Design of Materials

description: DFT-optimized structures of carbene derivatives on 2D MoS2 surface.
Mixed-age grouping in nongraded primary classes
Creators: name: Pasemko, Judy Guthrie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: This study sought to examine the pedagogical successes and problems in implementation of primary mixed-age classes. A survey of 44 primary teachers and 41 parents was conducted in two school districts. The results revealed that involvement of the majority of the staff and the setting of goals facilitated implementation. Teachers and parents reported many more benefits than concerns for children in mixed-age classes. While the teachers generally understood the philosophy supporting mixed-age grouping, two areas less well understood were peer tutoring and the benefits of mixed-aged grouping for older children. Math was identified as the curriculum area most difficult to implement in mixed-age classes. The study identified a need for a deeper understanding of child development theory and how it relates to teaching practise. Teachers identified collaboration with colleagues and school visitations as the most popular ways for learning about mixed-age. The responses of teachers and parents were similar, both identified social and cognitive benefits for the children enrolled in mixed-age classes.
Intérêts et limites de l'approche moléculaire pour aborder la biogéographie et la spéciation : l'exemple de quelques Mammifères d'Afrique tropicale
Creators: name: Quérouil, Sophie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We attempted to test biogeographic hypotheses proposed for the evolution of tropical faunas using mitochondrial DNA sequences of selected African mammalian taxa (Insectivora, Rodentia and Primates). 1/ we constructed a molecular phylogeny of taxa in order to ascertain their monophyly and calibrate a molecular clock; 2/ we analysed and compared the phylogeographic patterns of five forest-dwelling taxa; 3/ we evaluated the evolutionary processes potentially involved in the speciation of cercopithecine Primates. Phylogenetic results confirm that gene history is not necessarily the same as organism history. Phylogeographic analyses reveal distinct patterns for each model species, suggesting differences in initial distributions or different responses to the same events. They indicate a role of Plio-Pleistocene vicariance events in the intra-specific diversification of small mammals. Thus, genetic divergence would be much older than the last glacial cycles. In cercopithecine Primates, speciation would have been predominantly allopatric and driven by Miocene and Pliocene vicariance events. Altogether, results give support to the refuge hypothesis, without excluding the riverine barrier nor the paleogrographic ones. They emphasize the role of paleo-ecological changes in generating diversity and of the main riverine barriers in shaping the present distribution of that diversity.
An investigation of the sensitivity of the Fermi surface to the treatment of exchange and correlation
Creators: name: Harris-Lee, E. I.
name: James, A. D. N.
name: Dugdale, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Group V and VI transition metals share a common Fermi surface feature of hole ellipsoids at the N point in the Brillouin zone. In clear contrast to the other Fermi surface sheets, which are purely of d character, these arise from a band that has a significant proportion of p character. By performing local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA), strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) meta-GGA, and GW approximation calculations, we find that the p character part of this band (and therefore the Fermi surface) is particularly sensitive to the exchange-correlation approximation. LDA and GGA calculations inadequately describe this feature, predicting N hole ellipsoid sizes that are consistently too large in comparison to various experimental measurements, whereas quasiparticle self-consistent GW calculations predict a size that is slightly too small (and non-self-consistent GW calculations that use an LDA starting point predict a size that is much too small). Overall, for the metals tested here, SCAN provides the most accurate Fermi surface predictions, mostly correcting the discrepancies between measurements and calculations that were observed when LDA calculations were used. However, none of the tested exchange-correlation approximations succeeds in simultaneously bringing all of the measurable properties of these metals into good experimental agreement, particularly where magnetism is concerned. The SCAN calculations predict antiferromagnetic moments for Cr that are 3 times larger than the experimental value (1.90 $μ_B$ compared to 0.62 $μ_B$).
Superluminal Propagation of Composite Collective Modes in Superconductor-Ferromagnet Heterostructures
Creators: name: Derendorf, Pascal
name: Volkov, Anatoly F.
name: Eremin, Ilya M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor Josephson junctions are paradigmatic systems for studying the delicate interplay of superconductivity and magnetism via proximity effects as well as their composite excitations. Here, we analyse the collective modes (CM) in such a heterostructure by taking into account the interplay between the de-magnetisation field $H_{dem}$ and the field caused by the anisotropy of the ferromagnet $H_{an}$, which was previously neglected. It turns out that the spectrum of composite collective modes, $ω(k)$, has a qualitatively different form in the case of $H_{dem}H_{an}$. In the first case, the dependence $ω(k)$ has the same form as in previous studies, whereas in the second case, the spectrum looks completely different. In particular, for moderate or weak anisotropy in ferromagnet the group velocity of collective modes demonstrates inflection point where the group velocity become infinite and is superluminal. Furthermore, this point separates purely real and complex-conjugate solutions for the collective modes and is also {\it exception point}. We show that the difference of the CMs spectra can be revealed by Fiske experiment, i.\,e.\,by measuring the $I-V$ characteristics in the presence of magnetic field and voltage.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Entropy of the Nordic electricity market: anomalous scaling, spikes, and mean-reversion
Creators: name: Perello, Josep
name: Montero, Miquel
name: Palatella, Luigi
name: Simonsen, Ingve
name: Masoliver, Jaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The electricity market is a very peculiar market due to the large variety of phenomena that can affect the spot price. However, this market still shows many typical features of other speculative (commodity) markets like, for instance, data clustering and mean reversion. We apply the diffusion entropy analysis (DEA) to the Nordic spot electricity market (Nord Pool). We study the waiting time statistics between consecutive spot price spikes and find it to show anomalous scaling characterized by a decaying power-law. The exponent observed in data follows a quite robust relationship with the one implied by the DEA analysis. We also in terms of the DEA revisit topics like clustering, mean-reversion and periodicities. We finally propose a GARCH inspired model but for the price itself. Models in the context of stochastic volatility processes appear under this scope to have a feasible description.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
How to detect the pseudospin-1/2 Berry phase in a photonic crystal with a Dirac spectrum
Creators: name: Sepkhanov, R. A.
name: Nilsson, Johan
name: Beenakker, C. W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method to detect the geometric phase produced by the Dirac-type band structure of a triangular-lattice photonic crystal. The spectrum is known to have a conical singularity (= Dirac point) with a pair of nearly degenerate modes near that singularity described by a spin-1/2 degree of freedom (= pseudospin). The geometric Berry phase acquired upon rotation of the pseudospin is in general obscured by a large and unspecified dynamical phase. We use the analogy with graphene to show how complementary media can eliminate the dynamical phase. A transmission minimum results as a direct consequence of the geometric phase shift of pi acquired by rotation of the pseudospin over 360 degrees around a perpendicular axis. We support our analytical theory based on the Dirac equation by a numerical solution of the full Maxwell equations.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures; v2: section added, figure added
Over-approximating reachable tubes of linear time-varying systems
Creators: name: Serry, Mohamed
name: Reissig, Gunther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 93B03 (Primary) 34A60 (Secondary)

description: We present a method to over-approximate reachable tubes over compact time-intervals, for linear continuous-time, time-varying control systems whose initial states and inputs are subject to compact convex uncertainty. The method uses numerical approximations of transition matrices, is convergent of first order, and assumes the ability to compute with compact convex sets in finite dimension. We also present a variant that applies to the case of zonotopic uncertainties, uses only linear algebraic operations, and yields zonotopic over-approximations. The performance of the latter variant is demonstrated on an example.
description: Accepted version
Leveraging the Versatility of DNA Origami and Electrochemistry for New Sensing Modalities
Creators: name: Lukeman, Philip S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrochemical Biosensors are uniquely positioned to offer real-time in vivo molecular sensing due to their robustness to both biofluids and contaminants found in biofluids, and their adaptability for the detection of different analytes by their use of oligonucleotides or proteins as binding moiety. DNA Origami, the folding of a long DNA scaffold by hundreds of shorter oligonucleotide staple strands, allows the construction of nanoscale molecular objects of essentially arbitrary form, flexibility and functionality. We describe work at the intersection of these two fields and their-hopefully-bright future together.
What teachers know about programming
Creators: name: Gervin, Debbe
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: Research into the teaching of computer programming seldom examines the profound and abundant knowledge of classroom practitioners. Further, little research has been carried out which compares the learning and teaching of procedural programming to the learning and teaching of other programming paradigms. In this study, teachers of post-secondary computer programming were interviewed in order to gain an understanding of the ways in which their knowledge about programming and their knowledge about teaching programming are related and in order to get a sense of the conceptual frameworks within which their knowledge is formed. The results of the study indicate that knowledge about programming and knowledge about teaching programming are strongly related. The respondents' teaching and programming experience, the social contexts within which they operate, their desire for control, their programming paradigm experience and the mental models they employ when programming shape the ways in which they program and the ways in which they teach. All of the respondents feel that languages and paradigms affect the way programmers think when programming. As well, those with broad experience feel that because there are large differences between paradigms, shifting from one paradigm to another is very difficult. Thus they feel that the choice of students' first programming language is critical. There appears to be a strong relationship between respondents' paradigm experience and the mental models they use. Those respondents with experience in multiple paradigms tend to use more abstract models than those who have been exposed primarily to the procedural paradigm. These more experienced respondents feel that they are able to choose languages that match the way they think. The results of the study imply that investigations of programming education research and practice can benefit from an understanding of researchers' and practitioners' frameworks. In particular, it appears that the choice of programming paradigm strongly influences research studies and classroom teaching.
Effects of Tin Chloride on Dyeing Wool Fibers with Saffron Petals
Creators: name: Talebpour, Farideh
name: Veysian, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Wool, Saffron, Dyeing, Tin chloride, Textiles, carpet, sustainability.

description: Saffron petals can be used as natural source for dyeing wool fibers to enhance green color.
 Iran is a main producer of world’s saffron and a large amount of saffron petals is produced each year as
 by-product during saffron harvesting. Only small part of this product is used as food color or medical
 uses. In this research work saffron petals taken from the northeast of Iran is used for dyeing wool yarns
 using in hand woven carpet industry as pile yarn. The main goal of this study is to find a proper method
 for using saffron petals and to gain green natural color from a botanical source.
 For experiments woolen yarn (7Nm) using as piles in hand woven carpet was selected and then
 washed with detergent at 60°C for 15 minutes for cleansing, following rinsing with tap water and
 squeezing. Then wool yarns pre-treated with tin chloride (SnCl4) as a colorless mordant at 3% with
 different acids such as acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid and oxalic acid. A sample is also was prepared
 without mordant. Then the yarn samples were dyed with 50% (owf) saffron petals in acidic condition. At
 the end all the samples were washed with clean water and dried at room.
 The chromaticity coordinates of samples measured in CIELAB system. Color and wash fastness
 of the dyed samples were also measured using standard methods. According to the results green
 hue can be gained using saffron petals in acidic conditions. Natural mordents bind dye molecule to
 the active sites of the fiber andaffects on final hue. The best way of dyeing wool with natural
 colorants is pre mordanting method that increases the dye stability. The sample treated with oxalic acid
 showed the best green color among samples and also sample treated with citric acid showed green
 color. Washing fastness of the samples varies between 4-4.5 for different acids in dyeing bath. Same
 result is also gained for light fastness of the samples, i.e. 4.5. According to the findings saffron petals
 can be considered as a natural dye for wool fibers.

description: This topic relates to sustainability in textile dyeing
AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: cosmological constraints from large-scale stacked weak lensing profiles
Creators: name: Giocoli, Carlo
name: Marulli, Federico
name: Moscardini, Lauro
name: Sereno, Mauro
name: Veropalumbo, Alfonso
name: Gigante, Lorenzo
name: Maturi, Matteo
name: Radovich, Mario
name: Bellagamba, Fabio
name: Roncarelli, Mauro
name: Bardelli, Sandro
name: Contarini, Sofia
name: Covone, Giovanni
name: Harnois-Déraps, Joachim
name: Ingoglia, Lorenzo
name: Lesci, Giorgio F.
name: Nanni, Lorenza
name: Puddu, Emanuella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The large-scale mass distribution around dark matter haloes hosting galaxy clusters provides sensitive cosmological information. Aims. In this work, we make use of a large photometric galaxy cluster sample, constructed from the public Third Data Release of the Kilo-Degree Survey, and the corresponding shear signal, to assess cluster masses and test the concordance $Λ$-cold dark matter ($Λ$CDM) model. In particular, we study the weak gravitational lensing effects on scales beyond the cluster virial radius, where the signal is dominated by correlated and uncorrelated matter density distributions along the line-of-sight. The analysed catalogue consists of 6962 galaxy clusters, in the redshift range $0.1 \leq z \leq 0.6$ and with signal-to-noise ratio larger than 3.5. Methods. We perform a full Bayesian analysis to model the stacked shear profiles of these clusters. The adopted likelihood function considers both the small-scale 1-halo term, used primarily to constrain the cluster structural properties, and the 2-halo term, that can be used to constrain cosmological parameters. Results. We find that the adopted modelling is successful to assess both the cluster masses and the total matter density parameter, $Ω_M$, when fitting shear profiles up to the largest available scales of 35 Mpc/h. Moreover, our results provide a strong observational evidence of the 2-halo signal in the stacked gravitational lensing of galaxy clusters, further demonstrating the reliability of this probe for cosmological studies. The main result of this work is a robust constraint on $Ω_M$, assuming a flat $Λ$CDM cosmology. We get $Ω_M = 0.29 \pm 0.02$, estimated from the full posterior probability distribution, consistent with the estimates from cosmic microwave background experiments.
description: Accepted for publication on A&A, replaced to match the final version: minor comments
Quark Condensates: Flavour Dependence
Creators: name: Williams, R.
name: Fischer, C. S.
name: Pennington, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the q-bar q condensate for quark masses from zero up to that of the strange quark within a phenomenologically successful modelling of continuum QCD by solving the quark Schwinger-Dyson equation. The existence of multiple solutions to this equation is the key to an accurate and reliable extraction of this condensate using the operator product expansion. We explain why alternative definitions fail to give the physical condensate.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, uses appolb.cls, LaTeX. Talk presented by R. Williams at the EURIDICE Final Meeting, August 24-27th, 2006, Kazimierz, Poland
Group delay in Bragg grating with linear chirp
Creators: name: Belai, O. V.
name: Podivilov, E. V.
name: Shapiro, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytic solution for Bragg grating with linear chirp in the form of confluent hypergeometric functions is analyzed in the asymptotic limit of long grating. Simple formulas for reflection coefficient and group delay are derived. The simplification makes it possible to analyze irregularities of the curves and suggest the ways of their suppression. It is shown that the increase in chirp at fixed other parameters decreases the oscillations in the group delay, but gains the oscillations in the reflection spectrum. The conclusions are in agreement with numerical calculations.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Opt. Comm
Disorder-induced zero-bias peaks in Majorana nanowires
Creators: name: Sarma, Sankar Das
name: Pan, Haining
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Focusing specifically on the recently retracted Nature 2018 Zhang et al. work [Zhang et al., Nature (2021)] and the related recently available correctly analyzed data from this Delft experiment [Zhang et al., arXiv:2101.11456 (2021)], we discuss the general problem of confirmation bias in experiments verifying various theoretical topological quantization predictions. We show that the Delft Majorana experiment is most likely dominated by disorder, which produces trivial (but quite sharp and large) zero-bias Andreev tunneling peaks with large conductance $ \sim 2e^2/h $ in the theory, closely mimicking the data. It is possible to misinterpret such disorder-induced zero-bias trivial peaks as the apparent Majorana quantization, as was originally done in 2018 arising from confirmation bias. One characteristic of the disorder-induced trivial peaks is that they manifest little stability as a function of Zeeman field and tunnel barrier, distinguishing their trivial behavior from the expected topological robustness of non-Abelian Majorana zero modes. We also analyze a more recent nanowire experiment [Yu et al., Nature Physics (2021)] which is known to have a huge amount of disorder, showing that such highly disordered nanowires may produce very small above-background trivial peaks with values $ \sim 2e^2/h $.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Slow glitches in the pulsar B1822-09
Creators: name: Shabanova, Tatiana V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pulsar B1822-09 (J1825-0935) experienced a series of five unusual slow glitches over the 1995-2004 interval. The results of further study of this unusual glitch phenomenon are presented. It is also reported the detection a new glitch of typical signature that occurred in the pulsar period in 2006 January.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures. Accepted by Astrophysics and Space Science. Contribution to the proceedings of Isolated Neutron Stars, London, 2006
Determination of the dynamic strength of iron at low temperature
Creators: name: Lockhart, Gary T.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: Measurements of the stress sensitivity of the strain rate and of the strain vs stress in a titanium-doped, "interstitial free" (IF) iron were done at three temperatures, -20, -50 and -75 °C. By application of a deformation model, based on a new theory of mobile dislocation density, these measurements permit the determination of (1) the constants of the power law describing the dislocation velocity as a function of the effective stress, and (2) the mean free dislocation path, which is descriptive of parabolic strain hardening. The theory is then used to calculate the microstructural parameters which determine the inelastic strain rate and the deformation resistance as they evolve, over time, with stress, stress rate and temperature. These parameters include the mobile and network dislocation densities, dislocation velocity, and effective stress. Theoretical predictions of the dynamic properties show excellent agreement with experiment. These properties include: (1) the stress sensitivity of the strain rate, as influenced by stress, stress rate and the magnitude of the stress decrease; (2) the nature and recovery time of the strain rate following a stress decrease; (3) the relative level of hard machine stress vs strain curves as a function of crosshead speed; -and (4) the temperature dependence of both the microyield and macroyield stresses.
Transport through a molecular quantum dot in the polaron crossover regime
Creators: name: Zazunov, Alex
name: Martin, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider resonant transport through a molecular quantum dot coupled to a local vibration mode. Applying the non-equilibrium Green function technique in the polaron representation, we develop a non-perturbative scheme to calculate the electron spectral function of the molecule in the regime of intermediate electron-phonon coupling. With increasing tunneling coupling to the leads, correlations between polaron clouds become more important at relatively high temperature leading to a strong sharpening of the peak structure in the spectral function. The detection of such features in the current-voltage characteristics is briefly discussed.
On viability of inflation in non-minimal kinetic coupling theory
Creators: name: Avdeev, N.
name: Toporensky, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider initial conditions for inflation in non-minimal kinetic coupling theory. If inflation is driven solely by kinetic term with no potential, the resulting number of e-folds depends only upon initial velocity of the scalar field $\dot ϕ$. We write down the expression for the number of e-folds explicitly, and show that for physically reasonable values of the coupling constant, we can get 60 e-folds only for exponentially big initial $\dot ϕ$. When the scalar field potential is taken into account, on the other hand, we need not very large $\dot ϕ$ to start with for 60 e-folds, on the other hand, some initial condition lead to physically inadmissible eternal inflation. We show numerically that in the measure used in the present paper only smaller part of initial conditions lead to eternal inflation for reasonable values of the coupling constant.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, typos corrected, references added, version accepted for publication in Gravitation and Cosmology