cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Non-Fermi liquids as ersatz Fermi liquids: general constraints on compressible metals
Creators: name: Else, Dominic V.
name: Thorngren, Ryan
name: Senthil, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system with charge conservation and lattice translation symmetry has a well-defined filling $ν$, which is a real number representing the average charge per unit cell. We show that if $ν$ is fractional (i.e. not an integer), this imposes very strong constraints on the low-energy theory of the system and give a framework to understand such constraints in great generality, vastly generalizing the Luttinger and Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorems. The most powerful constraint comes about if $ν$ is continuously tunable (i.e. the system is charge-compressible), in which case we show that the low-energy theory must have a very large emergent symmetry group -- larger than any compact Lie group. An example is the Fermi surface of a Fermi liquid, where the charge at every point on the Fermi surface is conserved. We expect that in many, if not all, cases, even exotic non-Fermi liquids will have the same emergent symmetry group as a Fermi liquid, even though they could have very different dynamics. We call a system with this property an "ersatz Fermi liquid". We show that ersatz Fermi liquids share a number of properties in common with Fermi liquids, including Luttinger's theorem (which is thus extended to a large class of non-Fermi liquids) and periodic "quantum oscillations" in the response to an applied magnetic field. We also establish versions of Luttinger's theorem for the composite Fermi liquid in quantum Hall systems and for spinon Fermi surfaces in Mott insulators. Our work makes connection between filling constraints and the theory of symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases, in particular through the concept of " 't Hooft anomalies".
description: 25 pages + 7 pages appendices. v4 Published version
The Changing U.S. Farm Population
Creators: name: Banks, Vera J.
name: Kalbacher, Judith Z.
name: Banks, Vera J.
name: Kalbacher, Judith Z.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Farm Management
Labor and Human Capital

description: The U.S. farm population, unlike our growing urban and rural nonfarm populations, has declined almost continuously since early in this century. Today, only 8 million or 4 percent of the Nation's 218 million people are farm residents. When first counted in the 1920 census, the 32 million farm people accounted for nearly a third of the total population of 106 million.
The influence of nutrition and density on repressed lodgepole pine
Creators: name: Blevins, David Preston
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Repression in lodgepole pine is a condition of slow growth in very high-density stands of natural regeneration resulting after wildfire. A factorial thinning and fertilization experiment (two levels of thinning, none and thinned, and two levels of fertilization, none and complete mix) was established on the Chilcotin Plateau in central British Columbia in a 36-year-old repressed lodgepole pine stand. The objectives of this study were to 1) examine the effects of thinning and nutrient addition and their interaction on repressed lodgepole pine tree and stand growth, foliage biomass per hectare, and growth efficiency, and 2) examine these same treatment effects on crown response of foliage and branches at the whole-tree level and by whorl, cohort, and branch order within the crown. Although repression has been considered an irreversible physiological dysfunction, the large increases in growth reported in this study and others indicate that growth of repressed stands was limited primarily by nutrient deficiencies similar to those found in non-repressed lodgepole pine. This suggests that any observed physiological dysfunctions in repressed lodgepole pine are a symptom of repression rather than a cause. Volume growth was increased from 2 to 7 m /ha/year with nutrient additions on non-thinned plots and to 5 m3/ha/year when fertilizer was applied to thinned plots. Thinning produced a tree-level growth response by allocating limited nutrients to fewer trees resulting in increased tree-level foliage biomass and increased growth efficiency. Additions of nitrogen, sulfur, and boron improved both tree-level growth and stand growth through increases in stand-level foliage biomass and growth efficiency. The additive effects of fertilization and thinning on growth indicate that both treatments are needed to achieve the maximum effect. Increased nutrition and growing space resulted in increases in tree-level foliage biomass, but the mechanisms of these increases differed by treatment. Increased number of fascicles contributed more than increased fascicle weight to the foliage biomass response for all treatments. Increases in the number of foliated branches was more important than increases in the amount of foliage on a branch when fertilizer was applied but these mechanisms were almost equally important to the increase in foliage biomass due to thinning. The lack of treatment effects on foliage biomass at the bottom of the live crown, the position of the bottom of the live crown, and the reduction in the number of cohorts toward the base of the live crown, all suggest that greater foliage biomass response is possible.
Verbiage Matters: Do Respondents Answer Willingness to Pay Dichotomous Choice Questions on a Per Person or Per Group Basis?
Creators: name: Lohman, Greta
name: Keske, Catherine M.
name: Loomis, John B.
name: Lohman, Greta
name: Keske, Catherine M.
name: Loomis, John B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: dichotomous choice
subject: willingness to pay
subject: verbiage
subject: language
subject: wording
subject: group
subject: individual

description: Dichotomous choice willingness to pay questions are often used to determine the value visitors place on nature-based recreation. Ambiguity in wording can result in the use of information that does not necessarily reflect visitors’ true WTP. For example, depending on the specificity of the verbiage used, respondents may answer questions on a group basis, rather than an individual basis. To address this issue, experimental surveys were distributed with questions that specifically asked WTP on a per person basis, as compared to control surveys in which the WTP question was more generally worded. Analyses show WTP responses for either survey type are statistically different, with non-overlapping confidence intervals. Furthermore, approaches were conducted to correct for potential differences in interpretation, in the event that control survey respondents answered for the group as opposed to answering as an individual. Each method yielded different results, with non-overlapping confidence intervals. The lack of consensus between results indicates that there is a high level of variance in visitor’s interpretation of dichotomous choice questions. Therefore, it is necessary to use specific verbiage when designing surveys, to ensure responses to WTP dichotomous choice questions can be interpreted correctly by researchers. Specifically, if researchers want respondents to answer on an individual basis, this language needs to be explicitly stated.
Exploring the partonic phase at finite chemical potential in and out-of equilibrium
Creators: name: Soloveva, O.
name: Moreau, P.
name: Oliva, L.
name: Song, T.
name: Cassing, W.
name: Bratkovskaya, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of the baryon chemical potential $μ_B$ on the properties of the Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) in and out-of equilibrium. The description of the QGP in equilibrium is based on the effective propagators and couplings from the Dynamical QuasiParticle Model (DQPM) that is matched to reproduce the equation-of-state of the partonic system above the deconfinement temperature $T_c$ from lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). We calculate the transport coefficients such as the ratio of shear viscosity $η$ and bulk viscosity $ζ$ over entropy density $s$, i.e., $η/s$ and $ζ/s$ in the $(T,μ_B)$ plane and compare to other model results available at $μ_B =0$. The out-of equilibrium study of the QGP is performed within the Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach extended in the partonic sector by explicitly calculating the total and differential partonic scattering cross sections (based on the DQPM propagators and couplings) evaluated at the actual temperature $T$ and baryon chemical potential $μ_B$ in each individual space-time cell of the partonic scattering. The traces of their $μ_B$ dependences are investigated in different observables for relativistic heavy-ion collisions with a focus on the directed and elliptic flow coefficients $v_1, v_2$ in the energy range 7.7 GeV $\le \sqrt{s_{NN}}\le 200$ GeV.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, contribution to the Proceedings of the 36th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, 1-7 March 2020, Puerto Vallarta, Maxico. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2001.05395
Homological realization of prescribed abelian groups via $K$-theory
Creators: name: Berrick, A. J.
name: Matthey, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using algebraic and topological K-theory together with complex C^*-algebras, we prove that every abelian group may be realized as the centre of a strongly torsion generated group whose integral homology is zero in dimension one and isomorphic to two arbitrarily prescribed abelian groups in dimensions two and three.
description: 10 pages
Profitability of Cooperatives and Investor-Owned Firms in the Greek Dairy Industry
Creators: name: Oustapassidis, Kostas
name: Notta, Ourania
name: Oustapassidis, Kostas
name: Notta, Ourania
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Comparison between the factors affecting cooperative and investor-owned firms (IOFs) profitability has not been examined in a particular market by empirical studies. This paper examines the determinants of profitability of cooperative and IOFs in the Greek dairy industry in the period 1990- 94. The results show that IOFs, in contrast to the cooperatives, apply effectively competitive strategies (advertising and diversification) to increase their profitability.
Strange metal behavior of the Hall angle in twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Lyu, Rui
name: Tuchfeld, Zachary
name: Verma, Nishchhal
name: Tian, Haidong
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Lau, Chun Ning
name: Randeria, Mohit
name: Bockrath, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) with interlayer twist angles near the magic angle $\approx 1.08^{\circ}$ hosts flat bands and exhibits correlated states including Mott-like insulators, superconductivity and magnetism. Here we report combined temperature-dependent transport measurements of the longitudinal and Hall resistivities in close to magic-angle TBG. While the observed longitudinal resistivity follows linear temperature $T$ dependence consistent with previous reports, the Hall resistance shows an anomalous $T$ dependence with the cotangent of the Hall angle cot $Θ{_H} \propto T^2$. Boltzmann theory for quasiparticle transport predicts that both the resistivity and cot $Θ{_H}$ should have the same $T$ dependence, contradicting the observed behavior. This failure of quasiparticle-based theories is reminiscent of other correlated strange metals such as cuprates.
Urban Pressure on Rural Land
Creators: name: Ziemetz, Kathryn A.
name: Ziemetz, Kathryn A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Land Economics/Use

description: Land is a limited resource. To allocate this resource among competing uses, it is necessary to understand the demands for land, the supply, and the processes through which the supply is allocated. Past and present settlement patterns provide clues for identifying the factors influencing land-use trends and also act as constraints on future land-use patterns. At the same time, new pressures are evolving that may greatly modify land-use patterns.
Additional file 2 of Assessing the governance of the health policy-making process using a new governance tool: the case of Lebanon
Creators: name: Hamra, Rasha
name: Sameen Siddiqi
name: Carmel, Emma
name: Ammar, Walid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Traffic lights summary and summary of findings by principle and characteristics; data presentation of the pilot results that was submitted to policy-makers.
Improving Memory Utilization in Convolutional Neural Network Accelerators
Creators: name: Jokic, Petar
name: Emery, Stephane
name: Benini, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While the accuracy of convolutional neural networks has achieved vast improvements by introducing larger and deeper network architectures, also the memory footprint for storing their parameters and activations has increased. This trend especially challenges power- and resource-limited accelerator designs, which are often restricted to store all network data in on-chip memory to avoid interfacing energy-hungry external memories. Maximizing the network size that fits on a given accelerator thus requires to maximize its memory utilization. While the traditionally used ping-pong buffering technique is mapping subsequent activation layers to disjunctive memory regions, we propose a mapping method that allows these regions to overlap and thus utilize the memory more efficiently. This work presents the mathematical model to compute the maximum activations memory overlap and thus the lower bound of on-chip memory needed to perform layer-by-layer processing of convolutional neural networks on memory-limited accelerators. Our experiments with various real-world object detector networks show that the proposed mapping technique can decrease the activations memory by up to 32.9%, reducing the overall memory for the entire network by up to 23.9% compared to traditional ping-pong buffering. For higher resolution de-noising networks, we achieve activation memory savings of 48.8%. Additionally, we implement a face detector network on an FPGA-based camera to validate these memory savings on a complete end-to-end system.
Additional file 1 of Sociodemographic inequities associated with participation in leisure-time physical activity in sub-Saharan Africa: an individual participant data meta-analysis
Creators: name: Barr, Anna Louise
name: Uttara Partap
name: Young, Elizabeth H.
name: Kokou Agoudavi
name: Naby Balde
name: Gibson B. Kagaruki
name: Mayige, Mary T.
name: Longo-Mbenza, Benjamin
name: Mutungi, Gerald
name: Mwalim, Omar
name: Chea S. Wesseh
name: Bahendeka, Silver K.
name: Guwatudde, David
name: Jørgensen, Jutta M. Adelin
name: Bovet, Pascal
name: Motala, Ayesha A.
name: Sandhu, Manjinder S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 4 of Influence of wood species on toxicity of log-wood stove combustion aerosols: a parallel animal and air-liquid interface cell exposure study on spruce and pine smoke
Creators: name: Ihantola, Tuukka
name: Bucchianico, Sebastiano Di
name: Happo, Mikko
name: Ihalainen, Mika
name: Uski, Oskari
name: Bauer, Stefanie
name: Kuuspalo, Kari
name: Sippula, Olli
name: Tissari, Jarkko
name: Oeder, Sebastian
name: Hartikainen, Anni
name: Rönkkö, Teemu J.
name: Maria-Viola Martikainen
name: Huttunen, Kati
name: Vartiainen, Petra
name: Suhonen, Heikki
name: Kortelainen, Miika
name: Lamberg, Heikki
name: Leskinen, Ari
name: Sklorz, Martin
name: Michalke, Bernhard
name: Dilger, Marco
name: Weiss, Carsten
name: Dittmar, Gunnar
name: Beckers, Johannes
name: Irmler, Martin
name: Buters, Jeroen
name: Candeias, Joana
name: Hendryk Czech
name: Yli-Pirilä, Pasi
name: Gülcin Abbaszade
name: Jakobi, Gert
name: Orasche, Jürgen
name: Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen
name: Kanashova, Tamara
name: Karg, Erwin
name: Streibel, Thorsten
name: Passig, Johannes
name: Hakkarainen, Henri
name: Jokiniemi, Jorma
name: Zimmermann, Ralf
name: Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
name: Jalava, Pasi I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4 Figure S2. Size of the particles measured by SMPS per day to day. The geometric mean diameters are shown with the solid lines, while GSDs are represented with dashed lines. (average of 3 experiments)
Eigenwavelets of the Wave equation
Creators: name: Kaiser, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 31-XX; 32-XX; 35-XX; 44-XX; 78-XX

description: We study a class of localized solutions of the wave equation, called eigenwavelets, obtained by extending its fundamental solutions to complex spacetime in the sense of hyperfunctions. The imaginary spacetime variables y, which form a timelike vector, act as scale parameters generalizing the scale variable of wavelets in one dimension. They determine the shape of the wavelets in spacetime, making them pulsed beams that can be focused as tightly as desired around a single ray by letting y approach the light cone. Furthermore, the absence of any sidelobes makes them especially attractive for communications, remote sensing and other applications using acoustic waves. (A similar set of "electromagnetic eigenwavelets" exists for Maxwell's equations.) I review the basic ideas in Minkowski space, then compute sources whose realization should make it possible to radiate and absorb such wavelets. This motivates an extension of Huygens' principle allowing equivalent sources to be represented on shells instead of surfaces surrounding a bounded source.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, invited paper, conference honoring Carlos Berenstein
Bias in Multimodal AI: Testbed for Fair Automatic Recruitment
Creators: name: Peña, Alejandro
name: Serna, Ignacio
name: Morales, Aythami
name: Fierrez, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The presence of decision-making algorithms in society is rapidly increasing nowadays, while concerns about their transparency and the possibility of these algorithms becoming new sources of discrimination are arising. In fact, many relevant automated systems have been shown to make decisions based on sensitive information or discriminate certain social groups (e.g. certain biometric systems for person recognition). With the aim of studying how current multimodal algorithms based on heterogeneous sources of information are affected by sensitive elements and inner biases in the data, we propose a fictitious automated recruitment testbed: FairCVtest. We train automatic recruitment algorithms using a set of multimodal synthetic profiles consciously scored with gender and racial biases. FairCVtest shows the capacity of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) behind such recruitment tool to extract sensitive information from unstructured data, and exploit it in combination to data biases in undesirable (unfair) ways. Finally, we present a list of recent works developing techniques capable of removing sensitive information from the decision-making process of deep learning architectures. We have used one of these algorithms (SensitiveNets) to experiment discrimination-aware learning for the elimination of sensitive information in our multimodal AI framework. Our methodology and results show how to generate fairer AI-based tools in general, and in particular fairer automated recruitment systems.
Managing Producer Price Risk in Mexico with Quantos and Dual Risk Commodity-Foreign Exchange Hedges
Creators: name: Verteramo, Leslie J.
name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Verteramo, Leslie J.
name: Turvey, Calum G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/21/10.
New thermodynamic regularity for cesium over the whole liquid range
Creators: name: Ghatee, M. H.
name: Bahadori, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we derive an equation of state for liquid cesium based on a suggested potential function in accord to the characteristics large attraction and soft repulsion at the asymptotes of interaction potentials. By considering the interaction of nearest adjacent atoms in dense fluid, the equation of state predicts that the isotherm is linear function of, where is the compression factor, is the molar volume, and is the molar density. The linear parameters are identified as interaction coefficients related to attraction and repulsion, and are used to evaluate the molecular parameters with interesting implications. The isotherm is intended to resolve the particular thermodynamic properties of alkali metals, which have been known for their unusual change of the nature of intermolecular force as the characteristic metal-nonmetal transition range is approached. When applied to liquid cesium, the isotherms persist linear over the whole liquid range including the metal non-metals transition range and at the critical temperature perfectly. The isotherm is equivalent to a virial (like) EOS for which the linear parameters of the isotherm form the corresponding second and third virial coefficients. The new potential function turns out to be an effective potential that includes not only a pair interaction but also many-body interactions and therefore it is not always comparable with pair potential.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 3 of Influence of wood species on toxicity of log-wood stove combustion aerosols: a parallel animal and air-liquid interface cell exposure study on spruce and pine smoke
Creators: name: Ihantola, Tuukka
name: Bucchianico, Sebastiano Di
name: Happo, Mikko
name: Ihalainen, Mika
name: Uski, Oskari
name: Bauer, Stefanie
name: Kuuspalo, Kari
name: Sippula, Olli
name: Tissari, Jarkko
name: Oeder, Sebastian
name: Hartikainen, Anni
name: Rönkkö, Teemu J.
name: Maria-Viola Martikainen
name: Huttunen, Kati
name: Vartiainen, Petra
name: Suhonen, Heikki
name: Kortelainen, Miika
name: Lamberg, Heikki
name: Leskinen, Ari
name: Sklorz, Martin
name: Michalke, Bernhard
name: Dilger, Marco
name: Weiss, Carsten
name: Dittmar, Gunnar
name: Beckers, Johannes
name: Irmler, Martin
name: Buters, Jeroen
name: Candeias, Joana
name: Hendryk Czech
name: Yli-Pirilä, Pasi
name: Gülcin Abbaszade
name: Jakobi, Gert
name: Orasche, Jürgen
name: Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen
name: Kanashova, Tamara
name: Karg, Erwin
name: Streibel, Thorsten
name: Passig, Johannes
name: Hakkarainen, Henri
name: Jokiniemi, Jorma
name: Zimmermann, Ralf
name: Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
name: Jalava, Pasi I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3 Figure S1. Physical properties in the diluted exposure exhaust per day to day, for spruce (A) and pine (B) experiments. Parts A and C show average of 3 experiment days total suspended particulate mass (TSP), lung deposited surface area (LDSA) and particle number concentration (PNC) during exposures.
Co-creation methodology toolkit
Creators: name: Mazzonetto Marzia
name: Zolotonosa Maria
name: Fenollosa Carmen
name: Simone Angela
name: Manzoli Federica
name: Pellizzone Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This document describes the MOSAIC co-creation methodology. This methodology is particularly fit forthe identification of solutions by quadruple helix stakeholders, and it is to be used in Open Innovationcontexts where there is need for shared ideas that can help tackle big challenges (missions) that ourworld is currently changing. The methodology has been tested in two pilot cities - Gothenburg(SE) and Milan (IT), who are part of the Climate Neutral and Smart Cities Mission.
The Principle of Temporary Residence in a Collective Community
Creators: name: Greenberg, Ofra
name: Greenberg, Ofra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Communal settlements
subject: temporary residence
subject: religious community

description: Nes Ammim is a communal settlement in Israel, populated by European Christians. It is similar to many other settlements, apart from one important characteristic : the condition limiting duration of residence. The population turnover resulting from this condition has repercussions on all aspects of life in the village: the economy, social ties with the surroundings, and social contacts among the residents. The principle of temporary residence has become a built-in limitation for the settlement.
Rural Families Changing but Retain Distinctiveness
Creators: name: Coward, Raymond T.
name: Coward, Raymond T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Labor and Human Capital

description: Excerpts from the article: Perhaps the biggest evolution in rural America in the past two decades is greater diversity—in land use, in community structure, in employment and educational opportunities, in political activism, and, as a consequence, in family life. Several recent events have created a greater interest about, and attention to, the family in rural society. The significant shifts in population toward rural areas, the continued decline of the intercities, and the greater location of industries in rural areas have combined with other factors to focus attention on the families who live in rural communities or who are moving to such areas. Although certain aspects of current rural family life are poorly researched and understood, a sketchy picture of such families is emerging. Primary attention has been focused on the concept of change—changes that have and haven't happened and changes that are predicted.
Large-scale and Multi-dimensional Climate, Genetics, and Phenotypes Database for Maize Yield Predictability in the U.S. and Canada
Creators: name: Sarzaeim, Parisa
name: Munoz-Arriola, Francisco
name: Jarquín, Diego
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Improved G2F is a data repository consisting of OMICs (genetic and phenotypic) and environmental data for maize yield predictability across 84 experimental fields in the U.S. and province of ON in Canada between 2014-2017. The G2F genetic dataset contains numerical genotypes of 376 tested maize lines. The G2F phenotypic dataset provides the 8,271 observations of maize yield measurements in the experimental fields. The G2F environmental dataset contains the minimum temperature (Tmin), average temperature (Tmean), maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum dew point (DPmin), average dew point (DPmean), maximum dew point (DPmax), minimum relative humidity (RHmin), average relative humidity (RHmean), maximum relative humidity (RHmax), minimum solar radiation (SRmin), average solar radiation (SRmean), maximum solar radiation (SRmax), accumulative rainfall (Racc), average wind speed (WSmean), and average wind direction (WDmean) time series for 84 experiments. Acknowledgement The authors acknowledge the support provided by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Grant number NEB-21-176 and NEB-21-166 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Plant Health and Production and Plant Products: Plant Breeding for Agricultural Production. In addition, we thank the Genomes to Fields (G2F) Initiative for providing the database. We also acknowledge the support from Quantifying Life Sciences Initiative at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Holland Computing Center of the University of Nebraska.
Outburst of the X-ray transient SAX J1818.6-1703 detected by INTEGRAL in September 2003
Creators: name: Grebenev, S. A.
name: Sunyaev, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the observation of the Galactic-center field by the INTEGRAL observatory on September 9, 2003, the IBIS/ISGRI gamma-ray telescope detected a short (several-hours-long) intense (~380 mCrab at the peak) outburst of hard radiation from the X-ray transient SAX J1818.6-1703. Previously, this source was observed only once in 1998 during a similar short outburst. We present the results of our localization, spectral and timing analyses of the object and briefly discuss the possible causes of the outburst. The release time of the bulk of the energy in such an outburst is appreciably shorter than the accretion (viscous) time that characterizes the flow of matter through a standard accretion disk.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Astronomy Letters, v. 31, n. 10, p. 672 (2005)
Additional file 2 of Influence of wood species on toxicity of log-wood stove combustion aerosols: a parallel animal and air-liquid interface cell exposure study on spruce and pine smoke
Creators: name: Ihantola, Tuukka
name: Bucchianico, Sebastiano Di
name: Happo, Mikko
name: Ihalainen, Mika
name: Uski, Oskari
name: Bauer, Stefanie
name: Kuuspalo, Kari
name: Sippula, Olli
name: Tissari, Jarkko
name: Oeder, Sebastian
name: Hartikainen, Anni
name: Rönkkö, Teemu J.
name: Maria-Viola Martikainen
name: Huttunen, Kati
name: Vartiainen, Petra
name: Suhonen, Heikki
name: Kortelainen, Miika
name: Lamberg, Heikki
name: Leskinen, Ari
name: Sklorz, Martin
name: Michalke, Bernhard
name: Dilger, Marco
name: Weiss, Carsten
name: Dittmar, Gunnar
name: Beckers, Johannes
name: Irmler, Martin
name: Buters, Jeroen
name: Candeias, Joana
name: Hendryk Czech
name: Yli-Pirilä, Pasi
name: Gülcin Abbaszade
name: Jakobi, Gert
name: Orasche, Jürgen
name: Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen
name: Kanashova, Tamara
name: Karg, Erwin
name: Streibel, Thorsten
name: Passig, Johannes
name: Hakkarainen, Henri
name: Jokiniemi, Jorma
name: Zimmermann, Ralf
name: Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
name: Jalava, Pasi I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary materials and methods
Channel Feedback for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Wireless Communications
Creators: name: Shen, Decai
name: Dai, Linglong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has received widespread attention owing to the superiority of changing the wireless propagation environment intelligently. Channel feedback is essential in frequency division duplex (FDD) RIS-assisted wireless communications, since the downlink channel state information (CSI) needs to be acquired by the base station (BS) from the user equipment (UE) for the joint beamforming at the BS and the RIS. In this paper, we exploit the single-structured sparsity of RIS channel, which means that the sparse angular-domain channels of different users share the same structured sparsity only in the column dimension, but not in the row dimension. Based on this characteristic, we propose a dimension reduced channel feedback scheme with the low overhead. Specifically, the downlink CSI can be expressed with the structured information and unstructured information. The structured information of the multi-user channels can be fed back to the BS only by one user according to the single-structured sparsity, then the unstructured information can be fed back with a fairly low overhead by different users, respectively. Moreover, by utilizing the angle coherence time, the per-user overhead can be reduced further, while the near-optimal performance can still be guaranteed. Simulation results show that, the proposed scheme can reduce the channel feedback overhead by 80% compared to the conventional method.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
An XMM-Newton Observation of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 6300. I. The Nucleus
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Chiho
name: Nava, Aida
name: Maddox, Larry A.
name: Leighly, Karen M.
name: Grupe, Dirk
name: Awaki, Hisamitsu
name: Ueno, Shiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a half-day observation by XMM-Newton of the nucleus of the nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 6300. The X-ray spectrum of the nucleus consists of a heavily absorbed hard component dominating the 3--10 keV band and a soft component seen in the 0.2--2 keV band. In the hard band, the spectrum is well fitted by a power-law model with photon index of 1.83+/-0.08 attenuated by a Compton-thin absorber (N_H \simeq 2.2 x 10^{23} cm^{-2}). A narrow iron line is detected at 6.43_{-0.02}^{+0.01} keV with an equivalent width of ~150 eV; the line velocity width is marginally resolved to be σ~60eV. The soft emission can be modeled as a power-law and may be emission scattered by surrounding plasma. Rapid and high-amplitude variability is observed in the hard X-ray band, whereas both the iron line and the soft emission show no significant variability. It is suggested that the nucleus has experienced an overall long-term trend of decreasing hard X-ray intensity on a timescale of years. We discuss the origins of the spectral components.
description: 28 pages, including 7 figures and 4 tables; accepted for publication in the ApJ
Education Has Role in Rural Development
Creators: name: Tweeten, Luther
name: Tweeten, Luther
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Labor and Human Capital

description: Education has long been prized as a principal means to achieve equal opportunity in American society. Despite greater growth in employment and population in rural than in urban areas, socio-economic equality between rural and urban America remains an elusive goal. Levels of rural poverty, underemployment, and schooling, plus poor housing and health conditions reflect the extent to which rural Americans continue to lag the urban population in their standard of living. Education can help close this gap in socio-economic conditions. If this is to happen, however, education must be a vital element of any broad rural development policy of the Federal Government.
Additional file 1 of Assessing the governance of the health policy-making process using a new governance tool: the case of Lebanon
Creators: name: Hamra, Rasha
name: Sameen Siddiqi
name: Carmel, Emma
name: Ammar, Walid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Health Policymaking-Governance Guidance Tool (HP-GGT), Final HP-GGT tool.
Theory of Newtonian self-gravitating stationary spherically symmetric systems
Creators: name: Heinzle, J. Mark
name: Rendall, Alan D.
name: Uggla, Claes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37Cxx; 85A05

description: We investigate spherically symmetric equilibrium states of the Vlasov-Poisson system, relevant in galactic dynamics. We recast the equations into a regular three-dimensional system of autonomous first order ordinary differential equations on a region with compact closure.Based on a dynamical systems analysis we derive theorems that guarantee that the steady state solutions have finite mass and compact support.
description: 18 pages; 4 figures
Co-creation methodology toolkit
Creators: name: Mazzonetto Marzia
name: Zolotonosa Maria
name: Fenollosa Carmen
name: Angela, Simone
name: Manzoli Federica
name: Pellizzone Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This document describes the MOSAIC co-creation methodology. This methodology is particularly fit for
 the identification of solutions by quadruple helix stakeholders, and it is to be used in Open Innovation
 contexts where there is need for shared ideas that can help tackle big challenges (missions) that our
 world is currently changing. The methodology is currently being used by two pilot cities - Gothenburg
 (SE) and Milan (IT), who are part of the Climate Neutral and Smart Cities Mission.
Free partition functions and an averaged holographic duality
Creators: name: Afkhami-Jeddi, Nima
name: Cohn, Henry
name: Hartman, Thomas
name: Tajdini, Amirhossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the torus partition functions of free bosonic CFTs in two dimensions. Integrating over Narain moduli defines an ensemble-averaged free CFT. We calculate the averaged partition function and show that it can be reinterpreted as a sum over topologies in three dimensions. This result leads us to conjecture that an averaged free CFT in two dimensions is holographically dual to an exotic theory of three-dimensional gravity with $U(1)^c \times U(1)^c$ symmetry and a composite boundary graviton. Additionally, for small central charge $c$, we obtain general constraints on the spectral gap of free CFTs using the spinning modular bootstrap, construct examples of Narain compactifications with a large gap, and find an analytic bootstrap functional corresponding to a single self-dual boson.
description: 47 pages, 7 figures
Neue Technologien und digitale Ungleichheit –
Sozialdienste im digitalen Wandel
Creators: name: Gut, Isabella
Publisher: name: Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit
Year: 2024

description: Die Digitalisierung durchdringt zunehmend das gesellschaftliche Leben und bringt tiefgreifende
Wandlungsprozesse mit sich. Insbesondere in den Sozialdiensten stellen sich Fragen
nach digitaler Teilhabe und digitaler Ungleichheit. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie die digitale
Transformation von Sozialdiensten in der Zentralschweiz die digitale Teilhabe der Adressat:
innen sowie die Gestaltung digitaler Interaktionen beeinflusst. Mittels eines qualitativen
Forschungszugangs wurde in ausgewählten Sozialdiensten in der Zentralschweiz eine Bestandesaufnahme
durchgeführt. Es wurden halbstrukturierte Expert:inneninterviews durchgeführt
und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Dabei konnten förderliche und hinderliche Faktoren
im Hinblick auf die digitale Transformation, die Ressourcenerschliessung und das Mandatsverständnis
identifiziert werden. Ein zentrales Ergebnis zeigt, dass der Digitalisierungsgrad
der Sozialdienste stark variiert, was auf kantonale Unterschiede hinsichtlich materieller und
immaterieller Ressourcen zurückzuführen ist. Diese Ungleichheiten erschweren den Zugang
zu digitalen Angeboten, werden jedoch durch individuelle Bemühungen der Fachpersonen teilweise
ausgeglichen. Bemerkenswert ist, dass fehlende digitale Kompetenzen kaum die Gestaltung
digitaler Interaktionen beeinträchtigen, da analoge Angebote weiterhin zugänglich
bleiben. Die vorliegenden Daten legen jedoch nahe, dass sich top-down gesteuerte Change-
Management-Projekte im Hinblick auf digitale Partizipation und die Gestaltung gelingender
digitaler Interaktionen bewähren. Ein zentraler Aspekt ist dabei das Nutzer:innen-Involvement,
welches nicht nur organisationsintern verankert sein, sondern über die Systemgrenzen hinaus
die Adressat:innen involvieren sollte. Die aktive Partizipation der Adressat:innen birgt grosses
Potenzial für die Gestaltung gelingender digitaler Interaktionen.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa masa + Fussnote: Master of Science in Sozialer Arbeit, Bern, Luzern, St. Gallen, 2024 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202502
H-alpha kinematics of a z ~ 1 disc galaxy from near-IR integral field spectroscopy
Creators: name: Smith, J. K.
name: Bunker, A. J.
name: Vogt, N. P.
name: Abraham, R. G.
name: Aragon-Salamanca, A.
name: Bower, R. G.
name: Parry, I. R.
name: Sharp, R. G.
name: Swinbank, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we present the first 3D spectroscopic study of H-alpha emission in a z ~ 1 field galaxy with an integral field unit. Using the CIRPASS spectrograph on Gemini-South we map the spatial and velocity distribution of H-alpha emission in the z=0.819 galaxy CFRS 22.1313. We detect two H-alpha emitting regions with a velocity separation of 220+/-10 km/s. Combining the 2D map of H-alpha emission with HST F814W imaging, we determine a lower limit of 180+/-20 km/s for the rotation velocity of this M_B(rest) ~ -21 galaxy. We note that our value is significantly higher than the rotation velocity of 120+/-10km/s reported by Barden et al. (2003) for their long-slit spectroscopic study of this galaxy. Our lower limit on the rotation velocity is entirely consistent with no evolution of the rest B-band Tully-Fisher relation. The position of this galaxy relative to the mean rest B-band Tully-Fisher relation of Tully & Pierce (2000) is consistent with brightening of no more than ~ 1mag at z=0.8. A larger integral field unit sample, without the uncertainties inherent to long-slit samples, is needed to accurately determine the evolution of the Tully-Fisher relation out to z ~ 1.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (Letters). 5 pages
Heavy meson tomography of cold nuclear matter at the electron-ion collider
Creators: name: Li, Hai Tao
name: Liu, Ze Long
name: Vitev, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An important part of the physics program at the future electron-ion collider is to understand the nature of hadronization and the transport of energy and matter in large nuclei. Open heavy flavor production in deep inelastic scattering provides a new tool to address these critical questions. We present the first calculation of D-mesons and B-meson cross sections in electron-nucleus collisions at the EIC by including both next-to-leading order QCD corrections and cold nuclear matter effects. Our formalism employs generalized DGLAP evolution to include the contribution of in-medium parton showers, and is based on methods developed in soft-collinear effective theory with Glauber gluons that describe inclusive hadron production in reactions with nucleons and nuclei. The comprehensive study summarized here allows us to identify the optimal observables, center-of-mass energies, and kinematic regions most sensitive to the physics of energy loss and hadronization at the EIC.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, v2: journal version. Figure panels, references, and discussion added
Additional file 3 of Impact of liver fibrosis score on prognosis after common therapies for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a propensity score matching analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Jian Xi
name: Peipei Li
name: Zhibin Chen
name: Huogui Lin
name: Zhezhen Cai
name: Weijia Liao
name: Zirong Pan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3: Supplemental Figure 2. Subgroup analysis for the prognosis of ICC patients receiving different therapies.
Phantom shell around black hole and global geometry
Creators: name: Berezin, Victor
name: Dokuchaev, Vyacheslav
name: Eroshenko, Yury
name: Smirnov, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the possible scenarios for the evolution of a thin spherically symmetric self-gravitating phantom shell around the Schwarzschild black hole. The general equations describing the motion of the shell with a general form of equation of state are derived and analyzed. The different types of space-time R- and T-regions and shell motion are classified depending on the parameters of the problem. It is shown that in the case of a positive shell mass there exist three scenarios for the shell evolution with an infinite motion and two distinctive types of collapse. Analogous scenarios were classified for the case of a negative shell mass. In particular this classification shows that it is impossible for the physical observer to detect the fantom energy flow. We shortly discuss the importance of our results for astrophysical applications.