cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lead Nitrate Induces Inflammation and Apoptosis in Rat Lungs Through the Activation of NF-κB and AhR Signaling Pathways
Creators: name: Attafi, Ibraheem M.
name: Bakheet, Saleh A.
name: Ahmad, Sheikh F.
name: Belali, Osamah M.
name: Alanazi, Fawaz E.
name: Aljarboa, Suliman A.
name: AL-Alallah, Ibrahim A.
name: Korashy, Hesham M.
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Pollution and contamination

description: Lead (Pb) is one of the most frequent hazardous air contaminants, where the lungs are particularly vulnerable to its toxicity. However, the Pb distribution and its impact on lung inflammation/apoptosis and particularly the involvement of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathways in Pb-induced lung toxicity have not yet been fully investigated. Adult male Wistar albino rats were exposed to Pb nitrate 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg b.w. orally for 3 days. The histopathological changes of several rat organs were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The concentrations of Pb ion in different organ tissues were quantified using inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify organic compounds. The changes in the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory and apoptotic genes in response to Pb exposure were quantified by using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. Treatment of rats with Pb for three consecutive days significantly increased the accumulation of Pb in lung tissues causing severe interstitial inflammation. Pb treatment also increased the percentage of lung apoptotic cells and modulated apoptotic genes (Bc2, p53, and TGF-α), inflammatory markers (IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α), and oxidative stress biomarkers (iNOS, CYP1A1, EphX) in rat lung tissues. These effects were associated with a significant increase in organic compounds, such as 3-nitrotyrosine and myeloperoxidase, and some inorganic elements, such as selenium. Importantly, the Pb-induced lung inflammation and apoptosis were associated with a proportional increase in the expression of NF-κB and AhR mRNAs and proteins. These findings clearly show that Pb induces severe inflammation and apoptosis in rat lungs and suggest that NF-κB and AhR may play a role in Pb-induced lung toxicity.Other Information Published in: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19980-8
Cost Efficient and Reliable Rural Electrification Schemes for South Mediterranean Countries Based on Multi User Solar Hybrid Micro-Grids (CRESMED)
Creators: name: Graillot, A.
name: Vallvé, X.
name: Pouffouy, S.
name: Adra, N.
name: Abisaid, C.
name: Bopp, G.
name: Daoud, K.
name: Enzli, M.
name: Hamidat, A.
name: Mayer, D.
name: Quaranta, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications and Rural Electrification

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 4025-4028
description: Based on the successful implementation of Multi-user Solar hybrid micro-Grids (MSG) in Europe, this project deals
with the design of rural village electrification technology and schemes for rural communities, schools, or dispensaries
in Mediterranean partner targeted countries. For this purpose, this project further develops and adapts an integrated
approach, covering all aspects required (social, economical, financial and technical) for long term sustainable energy
service achieved with hybrid micro-grids. The main aims are to have cost-effective renewable energies for rural areas
and villages.
Partnership: The project team include 7 partners from European countries and 4 partners from South Mediterranean
countries. The aim of this partnership is to adopt European technology to the needs of Mediterranean countries and to
achieve a know-how transfer into these countries. The project is funded by the European Commission.
Method / Approach: An initial preparation phase addressed market potential as well as technological, socio-economic
and institutional issues in each target countries (Morocco, Algeria, Jordan, Lebanon) and then adapted MSG
methodologies. The project has also carried out dissemination of results publishing a rural electrification manual,
local dissemination actions in each target country, one training seminar and one international conference targeting at
specialists from all Mediterranean partner countries.
Results & conclusion: At the time being, a state of art on rural electrification has been made for all the targeted
countries. The result is that there are still about 5000 villages in Morocco and Algeria and about 5000 individual
houses in Jordan without a grid connection. In Lebanon, all villages are connected to the public electricity grid.
However, the power station and grid capacity is limited which causes significant power supply interruptions. In
Morocco a village for implementation of a MSG was selected, evaluated and the pilot installation has been performed
successfully. Additionally a tool for mini-grid design has been elaborated; an engineering guide with appliances list is
in progress and the dissemination strategy is running.
Exponential Protection of Zero Modes in Majorana Islands
Creators: name: Albrecht, S. M.
name: Higginbotham, A. P.
name: Madsen, M.
name: Kuemmeth, F.
name: Jespersen, T. S.
name: Nygård, J.
name: Krogstrup, P.
name: Marcus, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Majorana zero modes are quasiparticle excitations in condensed matter systems that have been proposed as building blocks of fault-tolerant quantum computers [1]. They are expected to exhibit non-Abelian particle statistics, in contrast to the usual statistics of fermions and bosons, enabling quantum operations to be performed by braiding isolated modes around one another. Quantum braiding operations are topologically protected insofar as these modes are pinned near zero energy, and the pinning is predicted to be exponential as the modes become spatially separated. Following theoretical proposals, several experiments have identified signatures of Majorana modes in proximitized nanowires and atomic chains, with small mode-splitting potentially explained by hybridization of Majoranas. Here, we use Coulomb-blockade spectroscopy in an InAs nanowire segment with epitaxial aluminum, which forms a proximity-induced superconducting Coulomb island (a Majorana island) that is isolated from normal-metal leads by tunnel barriers, to measure the splitting of near-zero-energy Majorana modes. We observe exponential suppression of energy splitting with increasing wire length. For short devices of a few hundred nanometers, sub-gap state energies oscillate as the magnetic field is varied, as is expected for hybridized Majorana modes. Splitting decreases by a factor of about ten for each half micrometer of increased wire length. For devices longer than about one micrometer, transport in strong magnetic fields occurs through a zero-energy state that is energetically isolated from a continuum, yielding uniformly spaced Coulomb-blockade conductance peaks, consistent with teleportation via Majorana modes. Our results help explain the trivial-to-topological transition in finite systems and to quantify the scaling of topological protection with end-mode separation.
description: main text and methods section
First-Principles Properties of an Intermediate Band Material Based on Ti-Implanted Silicon
Creators: name: Sánchez, K.
name: Aguilera, I.
name: Palacios, P.
name: Wahnón, P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Fundamental Studies

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 559-563
description: A first-principles study is aimed to reveal the properties of a crystalline Ti-implanted Si compound
obtained experimentally with a Ti concentration clearly above the corresponding equilibrium solubility limit and
high enough to be capable of presenting an electronic intermediate band brought about by Ti 3d electrons instead of
the well-known impurity levels structure. Interstitial, substitutional and other Ti implantation processes are
considered, as well as several possible mixtures of them, in order to clarify the origin of a donor-kind transition
observed experimentally at about 0.36 eV. Also the possibility of obtaining an intermediate band from the studied
compound is considered. When convenient, calculations of magnetic and optical properties were carried out to help
to identify this potential intermediate band material.
Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for the Supply of Services in Rural Settlements of Mediterranean Partner Countries. The HYRESS Project – The Case Study of the Hybrid Systm in Egypt
Creators: name: Papadakis, G.
name: Mohamed, E.S.
name: Kyriakarakos, G.
name: Kassem, A.-W.S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications and Rural Electrification

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 4019-4024
description: Hybrid renewable energy systems is one of the most promising applications of renewable energy
technologies in remote areas, where the cost of grid extension is prohibitive and the price of fossil fuels increase
drastically with the remoteness of the location. Applications of hybrid systems range from small power supplies for
remote households providing electricity for lighting or water pumping and water supply to village electrification for
remote communities. Also the problem of energy storage could be addressed by the use of a hydrogen subsystem,
which is an alternative to diesel generators as a backup and can help to reduce dramatically the size of the battery
banks as well. The strategic objective of the HYRESS project is to remove the knowledge barriers against the
installation of Renewable Energy Systems and creation of micro grids. An efficient tool to apply and fulfill the
strategic objective is the development, installation, testing and evaluation (technically and socially) of the
performance of low-cost pilot hybrid renewable energy systems and micro-grids in selected remote sites far away
from the grid, of Mediterranean Partner Countries. This paper describes briefly the three hybrid systems and analyzes
more in particular the hybrid system installed in Egypt as a case study and presents first operation results.
Eco-friendly highly efficient BN/rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite visible-light photocatalyst for phenol mineralization
Creators: name: Al-Kandari, Shekhah
name: Abdullah, Aboubakr M.
name: Al-Kandari, Halema
name: Nasrallah, Gheyath K.
name: Sharaf, Mohammed A.
name: AlMarzouq, Douaa S.
name: Mohamed, Ahmed M.
name: Younes, Nadin
name: Kafour, Nada
name: Al-Tahtamouni, Talal
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Pollution and contamination

description: Boron nitride (BN) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) of different loadings were composited with commercial P25 TiO2 (Ti) through the hydrothermal method. The as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and transmission and scanning electron microscopies. It was observed that 10% and 0.1% of BN and rGO, respectively, loaded on TiO2 (10BNr0.1GOTi) resulted in the best nanocomposite in terms of phenol degradation under simulated sunlight. A 93.4% degradation of phenol was obtained within 30 min in the presence of H2O2. Finally, to ensure the safe use of BNrGOTi nanoparticles in the aquatic environment, acute zebrafish toxicity (acutoxicity) assays were studied. The 96-h acute toxicity assays using the zebrafish embryo model revealed that the LC50 for the BNrGOTi nanoparticle was 677.8 mg L−1 and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was 150 mg L−1. Therefore, based on the LC50 value and according to the Fish and Wildlife Service Acute Toxicity Rating Scale, BNrGOTi is categorized as a “practically not toxic” photocatalyst for water treatment.Other Information Published in: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15083-y
High Aspect Ratio With Low Temperature Screen Printed Contacts in Cz-Si Solar Cells
Creators: name: Bätzner, D.L.
name: Windgassen, H.
name: Janßen, L.
name: Scherff, M.
name: Ulyashin, A.G.
name: Pletzer, T.M.
name: Kurz, H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1514-1517
description: Low temperature (LT) contacts are necessary when processing cells that implement, for example, temperature sensitive passivation layers like amorphous or microcrystalline silicon. The conventional firing through contact formation approach at temperatures of around 800 °C would be detrimental in these cell concepts. In this study, we focus on the optimisation of LT contacts obtained by screen printing as an alternative to evaporation. The investigation is carried out on a cell design based on Cz-Si solar cells with In2O3:Sn (ITO) passivation and anti reflection coating layer. The LT contacts were printed with an adapted process on a pilot line using two different pastes, a commercial and a development LT paste. The printing properties of the pastes were studied in detail. After curing at temperatures of up to 250 °C for different durations the line and contact resistances of the LT contact structures as well as their geometrical properties were analysed in dependence of the curing parameters. Compared to previously investigated LT contacts a decrease of contact resistance by a factor of 3 was obtained. Due to the optimisation of curing conditions, grid design and printing parameters, aspect ratios greater than 0.3 were obtained thus yielding efficiencies of up to 15.2 % with the ITO-Cz Si cell design on an area of 100 cm2. Owing to the high aspect ratio of over 0.3 the obtained fill factors of over 76 % with the development paste illustrate the improvement of effective LT contacts on ITO-Cz Si cells and the suitability of LT screen printed contacts for wafer based solar cell designs.
Aluminum environmental pollution: the silent killer
Creators: name: Alasfar, Reema H.
name: Isaifan, Rima J.
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Pollution and contamination

description: The concern about aluminum (Al) toxicity has been proven in various cases. Some cases are associated with the fact that Al is a neurotoxic substance that has been found in high levels in the brain tissues of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), epilepsy, and autism patients. Other cases are related to infants, especially premature infants and ones with renal failure, who are at the risk of developing the central nervous system (CNS) and bone toxicity. This risk is a result of infants’ exposure to Al from milk formulas, intravenous-feeding solutions, and possibly from aluminum-containing vaccinations. Furthermore, most antiperspirants contain aluminum compounds that raise human exposure to toxic Al. This review paper is intended to discuss in detail the above concerns associated with aluminum, and hence urges the need for more studies exploring the effects of overexposure to Al and recommending mitigation actions.Other Information Published in: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14700-0
Comparative Study of ITO and Al:ZnO Transparent Electrodes Deposited by Sputtering at Room Temperature on Glass and Plastic Substrates
Creators: name: Guillén, C.
name: Herrero, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Organic-based PV

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 579-582
description: Transparent and conductive thin films of indium tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide
(AZO) have been prepared on glass and flexible plastic substrates by sputtering at room temperature. By the
adjustment of the deposition parameters, average visible transmittance around 85 % has been achieved with both
AZO and ITO materials on glass and plastic, with sheet resistance in the 20-30 Ω/sq range. It has been found that the
substrate influences the optical characteristics of the AZO and ITO coatings in the same way, obtaining some higher
band gap energy and average visible transmission when the layers are deposited on the plastic than on the glass
substrate. After post-deposition annealing of the samples at 150 ºC in air additional band gap widening has been
detected, being the respective increment higher for AZO than for ITO layers, and remaining the gap values wider on
the plastic. The optical changes have been related to the corresponding electrical and structural variations, such as
higher carrier concentration for the ITO films and higher lattice distortion for the AZO coatings on the plastic, which
besides increase with the annealing.
Vector-Like Exotics in F-Theory and 750 GeV Diphotons
Creators: name: Palti, Eran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent excess in diphoton events around 750 GeV seen by the ATLAS and CMS experiments could be hinting at the existence of new vector-like charged matter around the TeV scale which couples to a singlet. Such a spectrum of exotics arises inevitably in certain classes of F-theory GUTs with hypercharge flux when the GUT symmetry is extended by a U(1) symmetry under which the Higgs fields of the MSSM are not vector-like. The exotics are not vector-like under the U(1) symmetry and therefore their mass is naturally related to its breaking scale. Previously this scale was taken to be close to the GUT scale which led to tension with proton decay, the $μ$-term magnitude, and too large R-parity violation. The 750 GeV excess provides new motivation for considering breaking the U(1) around the TeV scale, which additionally alleviates the previous problems. We study the possible TeV-scale spectrum in such an SU(5) GUT scenario and show that it is constrained and predictive. Gauge coupling unification can be retained at the accuracy of the MSSM at one loop even though typically the spectrum does not form complete GUT representations. For example the exotics cannot form a complete 10 multiplet but nonetheless happen to behave as one in the beta functions. We present an initial analysis of the diphoton production rates for the exotics spectra and find them compatible with data.
description: 21 pages. v2: Added references and a short section on diphoton production rates
Predicting COVID-19 cases using bidirectional LSTM on multivariate time series
Creators: name: Said, Ahmed Ben
name: Erradi, Abdelkarim
name: Aly, Hussein Ahmed
name: Mohamed, Abdelmonem
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Pollution and contamination

description: To assist policymakers in making adequate decisions to stop the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, accurate forecasting of the disease propagation is of paramount importance. This paper presents a deep learning approach to forecast the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases using bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network applied to multivariate time series. Unlike other forecasting techniques, our proposed approach first groups the countries having similar demographic and socioeconomic aspects and health sector indicators using K-means clustering algorithm. The cumulative case data of the clustered countries enriched with data related to the lockdown measures are fed to the bidirectional LSTM to train the forecasting model. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by studying the disease outbreak in Qatar and the proposed model prediction from December 1st until December 31st, 2020. The quantitative evaluation shows that the proposed technique outperforms state-of-art forecasting approaches.Other Information Published in: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14286-7
Microscopic Theory of Absorption and Emission in Nanostructured Solar Cells: Beyond the Generalized Planck Formula
Creators: name: Aeberhard, U.
name: Rau, U.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
Fundamental Studies

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 448-451
description: Absorption and emission in inorganic bipolar solar cells based on low dimensional structures exhibiting the effects of quantum confinement is investigated in the framework of a comprehensive microscopic theory of the optical and electronic degrees of freedom of the photovoltaic system. In a quantum-statistical treatment based on non-equilibrium Green's functions, the optical transition rates are related to the conservations of electronic currents, providing a quantum version of the balance equations describing the operation of a photovoltaic device. The generalized Planck law used for the determination of emission from an excited semiconductor in quasi-equilibrium is replaced by an expression of extended validity, where no assumptions on the distribution of electrons and photons are made. The theory is illustrated by the numerical simulation of single quantum well diodes at the radiative limit.
Mean and variance of the LQG cost function
Creators: name: Bijl, Hildo
name: van Wingerden, Jan Willem
name: Schön, Thomas B.
name: Verhaegen, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) systems are well-understood and methods to minimize the expected cost are readily available. Less is known about the statistical properties of the resulting cost function. The contribution of this paper is a set of analytic expressions for the mean and variance of the LQG cost function. These expressions are derived using two different methods, one using solutions to Lyapunov equations and the other using only matrix exponentials. Both the discounted and the non-discounted cost function are considered, as well as the finite-time and the infinite-time cost function. The derived expressions are successfully applied to an example system to reduce the probability of the cost exceeding a given threshold.
Nourishing Off-Grid PV/Diesel Hybrid Systems with a Renewable Energy Premium Tariff
Creators: name: Solano-Peralta, M.
name: Moner Girona, M.
name: Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M.
name: Vallvé, X.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications and Rural Electrification

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3999-4005
description: The introduction of Feed-in Tariff (FiT) schemes has been one of the foundations under the current boom in
PV technology growth in developed countries. In this paper this concept is extended to developing countries in particular for
PV/hybrid systems or small grid systems in isolated regions for agglomerate communities. In presenting the practicalities of
introducing this scheme in off-grid villages, we intend to support policy-makers in considering local needs, resources and
idiosyncrasy to adequately bring electricity services to remote regions through the use of cost-effective coupled renewable
technologies. In the adapted FiT scheme the made available renewable electricity is awarded a premium value for a
guaranteed period of time: the so-called Renewable Energy Premium Tariff or Renewable Purchase Agreement Tariff (RPT);
being an alternative to common seed capital financing of this type of projects. This well-adapted FiT scheme will enable the
further deployment of renewable energy technologies in electrification projects for isolated areas, as well as to bring
alternative financing solutions for project developers, investors, (inter)national organisations, and (local) communities.
Watermelon rinds as cost-efficient adsorbent for acridine orange: a response surface methodological approach
Creators: name: El-Shafie, Ahmed S.
name: Hassan, Siham S.
name: Akther, Nuri
name: El-Azazy, Marwa
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Pollution and contamination

description: In the current investigation, watermelon rinds (WMR) have been utilized as an eco-friendly and cost-efficient adsorbent for acridine orange (AO) from contaminated water samples. Adsorption of AO onto raw (RWM) and thermally treated rinds (TTWM250 and TTWM500) has been studied. The adsorption efficiency of the three adsorbents was evaluated by measuring the % removal (%R) of AO and the adsorption capacity (qe, mg/g). Dependent variables (%R and qe) were optimized as a function of four factors: pH, sorbent dosage (AD), the concentration of AO (DC), and contact time (ST). Box–Behnken (BB) design has been utilized to obtain the optimum adsorption conditions. Prepared adsorbents have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopies. The surface area of RWM, TTWM250, and TTWM500, as per the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, was 2.66, 2.93, and 5.03 m2/g, respectively. Equilibrium investigations suggest that Freundlich model was perfectly fit for adsorption of AO onto TTWM500. Maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 69.44 mg/g was obtained using the Langmuir equation. Adsorption kinetics could be best described by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model. The multi-cycle sorption-desorption study showed that TTWM500 could be regenerated with the adsorption efficiency being preserved up to 87% after six cycles.Other Information Published in: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13652-9
Decipher the short-distance component of $X(3872)$ in $B_c$ decays
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
name: Zhao, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A foremost task in understanding the nature of the $X(3872)$ involves the discrimination of the two-quark and multiquark configurations. In this work, we propose a method to probe the short-distance component of the $X(3872)$ by measuring the ratio between the $B_c$ semileptonic and nonleptonic decays into the $X(3872)$. We demonstrate that if the $X(3872)$ production mechanism is through the $\bar cc$ component, the ratios would be universal and could be reliably predicted in theory. Measurements of these ratios at LHC and the next-generation electron-positron colliders are capable of validating/invalidating this production mechanism and providing deeper insights into the nature of the $X(3872)$.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
PV Pumping and Sustainability: a Successful 12-Years Story
Creators: name: Narvarte, L.
name: Lorenzo, E.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications and Rural Electrification

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3991-3994
description: This paper presents the key points to assure the sustainability of a PV water pumping program that has
supplied five million m3 of water in the last 12 years to approximately 40,000 people. Key aspects for success have
been the proper consideration of user’s priorities, rigorous technical quality assurance, and maintenance structure set
up. The present work mainly focuses on the maintenance structure aspects: some results to characterise the
maintenance carried out, such as the mean time to failure parameter (MTTF) or the failure typology, are shown.
INGAME Curriculum and Content Outline Design
Creators: name: ZB&V
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: INGAME Storyboard developed by ZB&V. The game is a ‘coming of age journey’ of a (humanoid) youngster who grows up while the game continues. The character is helped by a ‘mentor’ (NPC) and facilitating questions (NPC). The ‘mentor’ is represented by a symbolic character that can have features of a ‘wise’ animal (owl, elephant, dolphin, tortoise). Sometimes the ‘mentor’ will appear (e.g. in a painting, outside a window, from a drawer, a waste bin…) and ask (facilitating) questions that are a clue to an object, sometimes an object will light up itself as a clue. There is a more or less sequential order in what the player is assigned to / has to do (e.g. pointing at / clicking objects).
 When clicking on objects, a mix of information and (within object) additional/facilitating questions will appear. All questions are intended to promote reflection (maybe sometimes there can also be asked: “What do your friends think about that? Have you ever asked your friends/parents/ etc. about that?”) or invite/challenge to investigate/click further.
Defect minimized Ag-ZnO microneedles for photocatalysis
Creators: name: Ullattil, Sanjay Gopal
name: Jabeen Fatima, M. J.
name: Abdel-Wahab, Ahmed
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Pollution and contamination

description: A facile solution processing strategy has been developed for the formation of Ag-modified ZnO microneedles at various calcination temperatures such as 300, 500, and 700 °C (AZ3, AZ5, and AZ7 respectively). Due to the heavy doping of AgNO3, Ag+ ions have been incorporated in to the crystal lattice of ZnO in all the Ag-ZnO samples, which facilitated the formation of Ag-ZnO microneedle morphology with minimized defect states, and obviously, the plasmon peaks were observed due to Ag modification. These Ag-ZnO microneedle structures have been evaluated for their photocatalytic performance using methylene blue as model target contaminant and their activity was compared with the commercially available titania P25 photocatalyst. The photoactivity of all the Ag-ZnO microneedle structures was significantly higher than that of the commercially available P25 photocatalyst with the most active Ag-ZnO material having a photocatalytic activity ~ 1.4 times greater than that of P25 titania.Other Information Published in: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09433-5
Globular Cluster Scale Sizes in Giant Galaxies: Orbital Anisotropy and Tidally Under-filling Clusters in M87, NGC 1399, and NGC 5128
Creators: name: Webb, Jeremy J.
name: Sills, Alison
name: Harris, William E.
name: Gómez, Matías
name: Paolillo, Maurizio
name: Woodley, Kristin A.
name: Puzia, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the shallow increase in globular cluster half-light radii with projected galactocentric distance $R_{gc}$ observed in the giant galaxies M87, NGC 1399, and NGC 5128. To model the trend in each galaxy, we explore the effects of orbital anisotropy and tidally under-filling clusters. While a strong degeneracy exists between the two parameters, we use kinematic studies to help constrain the distance $R_β$ beyond which cluster orbits become anisotropic, as well as the distance $R_{fα}$ beyond which clusters are tidally under-filling. For M87 we find $R_β> 27$ kpc and $20 < R_{fα} < 40$ kpc and for NGC 1399 $R_β> 13$ kpc and $10 < R_{fα} < 30$ kpc. The connection of $R_{fα}$ with each galaxy's mass profile indicates the relationship between size and $R_{gc}$ may be imposed at formation, with only inner clusters being tidally affected. The best fitted models suggest the dynamical histories of brightest cluster galaxies yield similar present-day distributions of cluster properties. For NGC 5128, the central giant in a small galaxy group, we find $R_β> 5$ kpc and $R_{fα} > 30$ kpc. While we cannot rule out a dependence on $R_{gc}$, NGC 5128 is well fitted by a tidally filling cluster population with an isotropic distribution of orbits, suggesting it may have formed via an initial fast accretion phase. Perturbations from the surrounding environment may also affect a galaxy's orbital anisotropy profile, as outer clusters in M87 and NGC 1399 have primarily radial orbits while outer NGC 5128 clusters remain isotropic.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Support and Development of Local Electricity Service Providers in Ecuador and Peru
Creators: name: Ortiz, B.
name: Vetter, M.
name: Arranz, P.
name: Egido Aguilera, M.
name: Jackin, P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PV Systems
Off-grid Applications and Rural Electrification

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 4010-4015
description: Within the European co-financed project DOSBE “Development of Electricity Service Operators in Ecuador and
Peru,” the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE investigates technical and economic boundary
conditions for the electrification of rural Andean regions. Together with European and Latin American partners
Fraunhofer ISE has been working on the development of technical specifications and economic methodologies for
both individual Solar Home Systems SHS and village Hybrid PV Mini-Grids for off-grid applications. One of the
tasks of Fraunhofer ISE is to investigate “business” models for local operators in Ecuador, based on subsidies such as
for the initial capital investment (Regulación No 002/05) and the Ecuador’s Feed-In Tariff (Regulación No. 009/06)
for Photovoltaics, Wind and Hydropower, within the Institutional Ecuadorian Framework.
Due to the lack of simplified administrative procedures and others such as measurement systems, the financial
incentives for renewable energy have not been put into practice yet (2008). To address the technical difficulties, an
economic analysis is also carried out for the different business models. Simulation tools are used for the sensitivity
analysis and the economic evaluations of the energy supply systems, considering both the technical and the financial
conditions. The results from the DOSBE project are to be integrated into the drafts or presented as recommendations
for the legislation of the electricity suppliers, thus serving government agency programs and other consulting
initiatives.
Protoplanetary Disk Heating and Evolution Driven by the Spiral Density Waves
Creators: name: Rafikov, Roman R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution imaging of some protoplanetary disks in scattered light reveals presence of the global spiral arms of significant amplitude, likely excited by massive planets or stellar companions. Assuming that these arms are density waves, evolving into spiral shocks, we assess their effect on the thermodynamics, accretion, and global evolution of the disk. We derive analytical expressions for the direct (irreversible) heating, angular momentum transport, and mass accretion rate induced by the disk shocks of arbitrary strength. We find these processes to be very sensitive to the shock amplitude. Focusing on the waves of moderate strength (density jump at the shock $ΔΣ/Σ\sim 1$) we show the associated disk heating to be negligible (contributing at $\sim 1\%$ level to the energy budget) in passive, irradiated protoplanetary disks on $\sim 100$ AU scales, but becoming important within several AU from the star. At the same time, shock heating can be a significant (or even dominant) energy source in disks of cataclysmic variables, stellar X-ray binaries, and supermassive black hole binaries, heated mainly by viscous dissipation. Mass accretion induced by the global spiral shocks is comparable to (or exceeds) the mass inflow due to viscous stresses. Protoplanetary disks featuring prominent global spirals must be evolving rapidly, in $\lesssim 0.5$ Myr at $\sim 100$ AU. A direct upper limit on the disk evolution timescale can be established via the measurement of the gravitational torque due to the spiral arms from the imaging data. Our findings suggest that, regardless of their origin, global spiral waves must be important agents of the protoplanetary disk evolution. They may serve as an effective mechanism of disk dispersal and could be related to the transitional disk phenomenon.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, submitted to ApJ
Characteristics of CDS Silicon Wafers
Creators: name: Mitsuyasu, H.
name: Yamatsugu, H.
name: Goma, S.
name: Oishi, R.
name: Yoshida, K.
name: Yano, K.
name: Taniguchi, H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1497-1498
description: The properties of the new wafers, which were fabricated by CDS (Crystallization on Dipped Substrate) technology, were investigated. The typical grain size was 1mm or less, the grain structures were columnar and 3 grain boundaries were dominant. The minority carrier diffusion length turned out to be longer than 100μm.
Low Reflectance in Crystalline Si Solar Cell Using RIE Texturing
Creators: name: Kim, J.S.
name: Hyun, D.H.
name: Jin, B.J.
name: Choi, J.Y.
name: Kwon, G.-C.
name: Hong, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1499-1502
description: Conventional surface texturing in crystalline Si solar cell requires wet chemical such as Alkali or Acid solution. As wafer thickness decreases due to the wafer shortage, conventional wet texturing faces serious issue of wafer breakage resulting from large consumption of wafer in wet solution. And reflectance of multi crystalline Si can not be below 10 % in wet surface texturing. We developed large scale plasma RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) equipment which can accommodate 144 wafers (125 mm) in tray in order to provide surface texturing on the Si wafer surface. Gas chemistries were investigated based on Cl2, SF6, O2 to produce pyramid shape texturing on the surface with the reflectance of down to 4 % in the weighted average (300~1100 nm). Reflectance was controllable from 3 % to 20 % in single crystalline Si depending on the texture’s angle and height. Texture height was a strong function of gas chemistry and etch time leading to the large influence on Fill Factor (FF). Large texture height resulted in the improvement in FF. Cell efficiency of single and multi crystalline Si will be discussed based on surface texturing using RIE technology.
Complementary Analysis of Crystalline Defects in Si Solar Cells by Electroluminescence Imaging Combining Forward and Reverse Bias Condition
Creators: name: Kitiyanan, A.
name: Takahashi, Y.
name: Ogane, A.
name: Kawakita, A.
name: Hatayama, T.
name: Yano, H.
name: Uraoka, Y.
name: Fuyuki, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1503-1505
description: In this study, the Electroluminescence (EL) image under reverse bias condition has been investigated. Under reverse bias, the origin of visible wavelength EL emission was found to be emitted from the area around the pn junction. According to there existed high electric field in the depletion region under the reverse bias condition. Under this condition, the depletion region is expanded and may cover the existing defect which lies beneath the depletion region at zero bias. The electrically active defects will disturb the electric field in the depletion region. Then a strong electric field was generated surrounding the defects, which yielded “hot carriers” which able to emit photons at visible wavelength region via several possible paths. The inter-band direct radiative transitions between the excited electrons and holes without phonon assist also emit visible light with various wavelengths. Both phenomena generated emission with broad visible wavelength together. The reverse bias EL image could be utilized to specify the defects in the crystalline Si solar cell.
Sharp Phase transitions for the almost Mathieu operator
Creators: name: Avila, Artur
name: You, Jiangong
name: Zhou, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that the spectral type of the almost Mathieu operator depends in a fundamental way on both the strength of the coupling constant and the arithmetic properties of the frequency. We study the competition between those factors and locate the point where the phase transition from singular continuous spectrum to pure point spectrum takes place, which solves Jitomirskaya's conjecture in \cite{Ji95,J07}. Together with \cite{Aab}, we give the sharp description of phase transitions for the almost Mathieu operator.
Extensive X-ray variability studies of NGC 7314 using long XMM-Newton observations
Creators: name: Emmanoulopoulos, D.
name: McHardy, I. M.
name: Vaughan, S.
name: Papadakis, I. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2
subject: 85-02

description: We present a detailed X-ray variability study of the low mass Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) NGC 7314 using the two newly obtained XMM-Newton observations ($140$ and $130$ ks), together with two archival data sets of shorter duration ($45$ and $84$ ks). The relationship between the X-ray variability characteristics and other physical source properties (such as the black hole mass) are still relatively poorly defined, especially for low-mass AGN. We perform a new, fully analytical, power spectral density (PSD) model analysis method, which will be described in detail in a forthcoming paper, that takes into consideration the spectral distortions, caused by red-noise leak. We find that the PSD in the $0.5-10$ keV energy range, can be represented by a bending power-law with a bend around $6.7\times10^{-5}$ Hz, having a slope of $0.51$ and $1.99$ below and above the bend, respectively. Adding our bend time-scale estimate, to an already published ensemble of estimates from several AGN, supports the idea that the bend time-scale depends linearly only on the black hole mass and not on the bolometric luminosity. Moreover, we find that as the energy range increases, the PSD normalization increases and there is a hint that simultaneously the high frequency slope becomes steeper. Finally, the X-ray time-lag spectrum of NGC 7314 shows some very weak signatures of relativistic reflection, and the energy resolved time-lag spectrum, for frequencies around $3\times10^{-4}$ Hz, shows no signatures of X-ray reverberation. We show that the previous claim about ks time-delays in this source, is simply an artefact induced by the minuscule number of points entering during the time-lag estimation in the low frequency part of the time-lag spectrum (i.e. below $10^{-4}$ Hz).
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. The paper is 21 pages long and contains 15 figures and 3 tables
A novel electrocoagulation electrode configuration for the removal of total organic carbon from primary treated municipal wastewater
Creators: name: Hawari, Alaa H.
name: Alkhatib, Afnan M.
name: Hafiz, MhdAmmar
name: Das, Probir
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Pollution and contamination

description: In this paper, the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) from a primary treated municipal wastewater using a new electrode configuration in electrocoagulation was evaluated. The used electrode configuration induces a dielectrophoretic (DEP) force by using an asymmetrical aluminum electrode with an alternating current power supply. The impact of applied current, electrolysis time, and interelectrode distance on the removal efficiency of TOC were evaluated. The experimental results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of TOC was obtained at 30 min electrolysis time, 600 mA applied current, and 0.5 cm interelectrode distance. Under these operating conditions, the TOC removal was 87.7% compared to 80.5% using symmetrical aluminum electrodes with no DEP effect. The energy consumption at the selected operating conditions was 3.92 kWh/m3. The experimental results were comparable with the simulation results done by COMSOL Multiphysics software.Other Information Published in: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08678-4
Persistence of energy-dependent localization in the Anderson-Hubbard model with increasing system size and doping
Creators: name: Daley, P.
name: Wortis, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-interacting systems with bounded disorder have been shown to exhibit sharp density of states peaks at the band edge which coincide with an energy range of abruptly suppressed localization. Recent work has shown that these features also occur in the presence of on-site interactions in ensembles of two-site Anderson-Hubbard systems at half filling. Here we demonstrate that this effect in interacting systems persists away from half filling, and moreover that energy regions with suppressed localization continue to appear in ensembles of larger systems despite a loss of sharp features in the density of states.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures