cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The PREVENT study to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a community-based intervention to prevent childhood tuberculosis in Lesotho: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Hirsch-Moverman, Yael
name: Howard, Andrea A.
name: Frederix, Koen
name: Lebelo, Limakatso
name: Hesseling, Anneke
name: Nachman, Sharon
name: Mantell, Joanne E.
name: Lekhela, Tsepang
name: Maama, Llang B.
name: El-Sadr, Wafaa Mahmoud
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Intervention
Isoniazid
Tuberculosis in children--Prevention
Epidemiology

description: Background
                Effective, evidence-based interventions to prevent childhood tuberculosis (TB) in high TB/HIV-burden, resource-limited settings are urgently needed. There is limited implementation of evidence-based contact management strategies, including isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), for child contacts of TB cases in Lesotho.

                Methods/design
                This mixed-methods implementation science study utilizes a two-arm cluster-randomized trial design with randomization at the health facility level. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a combination community-based intervention (CBI) versus standard of care (SOC) for the management of child TB contacts. The study includes three phases: (I) exploratory phase; (II) intervention implementation and testing phase; (III) post-intervention explanatory phase. Healthcare provider interviews to inform intervention refinement (phase I) were completed in December 2015. In phase II, 10 health facilities were randomized to deliver the CBI or SOC, with stratification by facility type (i.e., hospital vs. health center). CBI holistically addresses the complex provider-related, patient-related, and caregiver-related barriers to prevention of childhood TB through nurse training and mentorship; health education for caregivers and patients by village health workers; adherence support using text messaging and village health workers; and multidisciplinary team meetings, where programmatic data are reviewed and challenges and solutions are discussed. SOC sites follow country guidelines for child TB contact management. Routine TB program data will be abstracted for all adult TB cases newly registered during the study period and their child contacts from TB registers and cards. The anticipated sample size is 1080 child contacts. Primary outcomes are yield (number) of child contacts, including children
Coluthur Gopalan - Bibliography from Coluthur Gopalan. 28 November 1918 — 3 October 2019
Creators: name: Ramachandran, Prema
name: Seshadri, Malini
name: Gopalan, Sarath
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Gopalan was a brilliant medical student. The Bengal famine of 1942 made him decide to devote his career to ‘the investigation and mitigation of the nutrition-related problems of Indians, especially those of the disadvantaged sections’. He was the first Indian to win a Nuffield Foundation research scholarship to study in England in 1946. In less than three years he had earned a PhD as well as a DSc in nutrition. He returned to India and joined the Nutrition Research Laboratory in Coonoor. His studies over the next decade showed that, contrary to the global belief, both kwashiorkor and marasmus were manifestations of protein energy malnutrition. His research studies on improving the nutritional status of pregnant women and children with food supplementation led to the initiation of India's Integrated Child Development Scheme and Mid-day Meal programmes. India's National Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme and Massive Dose Vitamin A Supplementation Programme were also initiated on the basis of the studies he led.As Director General of the Indian Council of Medical Research he created institutions to undertake research in the areas of neglected tropical diseases and medical statistics. He initiated the National Talent Search Scheme to ensure adequate human resources for medical research. After he retired, he set up the Nutrition Foundation of India, to continue with policy and operational research studies on the triple burden of malnutrition. He initiated the setting up of the Nutrition Society of India and the Federation of Asian Nutrition Societies to improve networking among nutrition scientists. In reply to a query on his major contributions, he said: ‘I helped to get Nutrition Science in India the recognition it deserved, and I built institutions that will serve the people of India long after my lifetime.’
Sedimentary diatoms as indicators of water quality and ecosystem change in lakes of Riding Mountain National Park of Canada
Creators: name: White, Carrie Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The relationship between diatoms and water quality variables was examined in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba. In addition, fossil diatom assemblages in Clear Lake and Lake Katherine were assessed in relation to lake trophic status. Through the use of multivariate statistical methods, including Canonical Correspondence Analysis ordination, total phosphorus was determined to be the most significant environmental variable accounting for the greatest proportion of variation among modern diatom communities. Weighted Averaging and Partial Least Squares models were developed as transfer functions to be applied to fossil diatom assemblages, facilitating inferences of historical and pre-historical total phosphorus and lake trophic state. Short core diatom assemblages provided information regarding the most recent changes in lake trophic state, including those driven by human influence, whereas long core assemblages revealed pre-historical conditions indicative of the natural lake state. Paleolimnological assessments of Clear Lake and Lake Katherine revealed a natural borderline oligo-mesotrophic state. Marked changes in the diatom communities coincide with human settlement of the area and, more recently, expanded activities, cottage and golf course development, and sewage system failure. In the most recent decades, changes meant to reduce total phosphorus input have been implemented but the diatom communities have not returned to their pre-settlement composition.
Vacuum stability, neutrinos, and dark matter
Creators: name: Chen, Chian-Shu
name: Tang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the discovery hint of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs mass around 125 GeV at the LHC, we study the vacuum stability and perturbativity bounds on Higgs scalar of the SM extensions including neutrinos and dark matter (DM). Guided by the SM gauge symmetry and the minimal changes in the SM Higgs potential we consider two extensions of neutrino sector (Type-I and Type-III seesaw mechanisms) and DM sector (a real scalar singlet (darkon) and minimal dark matter (MDM)) respectively. The darkon contributes positively to the $β$ function of the Higgs quartic coupling $λ$ and can stabilize the SM vacuum up to high scale. Similar to the top quark in the SM we find the cause of instability is sensitive to the size of new Yukawa couplings between heavy neutrinos and Higgs boson, namely, the scale of seesaw mechanism. MDM and Type-III seesaw fermion triplet, two nontrivial representations of $SU(2)_{L}$ group, will bring the additional positive contributions to the gauge coupling $g_{2}$ renormalization group (RG) evolution and would also help to stabilize the electroweak vacuum up to high scale.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures; published version
Independent impacts of aging on mitochondrial DNA quantity and quality in humans
Creators: name: Zhang, Ruoyu
name: Wang, Yiqin
name: Ye, Kaixiong
name: Picard, Martin
name: Gu, Zhenglong
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Genomics
Nucleotide sequence
Aging
Mitochondrial DNA
Biology

description: Background
                The accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, and the reduction of mtDNA copy number, both disrupt mitochondrial energetics, and may contribute to aging and age-associated phenotypes. However, there are few genetic and epidemiological studies on the spectra of blood mtDNA heteroplasmies, and the distribution of mtDNA copy numbers in different age groups and their impact on age-related phenotypes. In this work, we used whole-genome sequencing data of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the UK10K project to investigate in parallel mtDNA heteroplasmy and copy number in 1511 women, between 17 and 85 years old, recruited in the TwinsUK cohorts.

                Results
                We report a high prevalence of pathogenic mtDNA heteroplasmies in this population. We also find an increase in mtDNA heteroplasmies with age (β = 0.011, P = 5.77e-6), and showed that, on average, individuals aged 70-years or older had 58.5% more mtDNA heteroplasmies than those under 40-years old. Conversely, mtDNA copy number decreased by an average of 0.4 copies per year (β = −0.395, P = 0.0097). Multiple regression analyses also showed that age had independent effects on mtDNA copy number decrease and heteroplasmy accumulation. Finally, mtDNA copy number was positively associated with serum bicarbonate level (P = 4.46e-5), and inversely correlated with white blood cell count (P = 0.0006). Moreover, the aggregated heteroplasmy load was associated with blood apolipoprotein B level (P = 1.33e-5), linking the accumulation of mtDNA mutations to age-related physiological markers.

                Conclusions
                Our population-based study indicates that both mtDNA quality and quantity are influenced by age. An open question for the future is whether interventions that would contribute to maintain optimal mtDNA copy number and prevent the expansion of heteroplasmy could promote healthy aging.
O'ZBEK TILI DARSLARIDA PISA TOPSHIRIG'I ASOSIDA O'QUVCHILARDA  IJODIYLIKNI FAOLLASHTIRISH MASALASI
Creators: name: Baymenova, Kamshat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Mazkur maqolada o'zbek tilida o'quvchilarning ijodiy fikrlashini shakllantirish yuzasidan bir qancha ma'lumotlar keltirilgan. Shuningdek, o'zbek tili darslarida PISA (The Program for International Student Assesment) xalqaro baholash dasturi asosida ijodiylikni oshirishga yo'naltirilgan topshiriqlar va ijodiy yondashuvlari keltirilgan.
Electromagnetic duality symmetry and helicity conservation for the macroscopic Maxwell's equations (previously "Experimental demonstration of electromagnetic duality symmetry breaking")
Creators: name: Fernandez-Corbaton, Ivan
name: Zambrana-Puyalto, Xavier
name: Tischler, Nora
name: Minovich, Alexander
name: Vidal, Xavier
name: Juan, Mathieu L.
name: Molina-Terriza, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern physics is largely devoted to study conservation laws, such as charge, energy, linear momentum or angular momentum, because they give us information about the symmetries of our universe. Here, we propose to add the relationship between electromagnetic duality and helicity to the toolkit. Generalized electromagnetic duality symmetry, broken in the microscopic Maxwell's equations by the empirical absence of magnetic charges, can be restored for the macroscopic Maxwell's equations. The restoration of this symmetry is shown to be independent of the geometry of the problem. These results provide a simple and powerful tool for the study of light-matter interactions within the framework of symmetries and conservation laws. We apply such framework to the experimental investigation of helicity transformations in cylindrical nanoapertures, and we find that the transformation is significantly enhanced by the coupling to surface modes, where electromagnetic duality is strongly broken.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures
Pots From Troublesome Times: Ceramics Used in Middelburg-in-Flanders (Belgium) During the Eighty Years' War
Creators: name: Poulain, Maxime
name: De Groote, Koen
name: De Clercq, Wim
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 34, 1-18
description: In 1448, the already highly urbanised region around Aardenburg, Damme and Sluis witnessed the founding of a new city, Middelburg-in-Flanders. The thriving start, that characterised this city, soon came to an end. With the outbreak of religious troubles in the second half of the 16th century, the city was located in the frontline of the Spanish-Dutch war. This article examines the ceramics of two garderobe chutes from the lower court of the castle, unearthed during the archaeological excavations of 2004. The analysis of these assemblages raises some questions on the consumption of ceramics outside normal market patterns and political control.
Ricardo Miledi - Bibliography from Ricardo Miledi. 15 September 1927 — 18 December 2017
Creators: name: Parker, Ian
name: Slater, Clarke
name: Cull-Candy, Stuart
name: Vincent, Angela
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: For nearly five decades, Ricardo Miledi was among the foremost researchers in elucidating how nerves transmit signals across synapses. Born in Chihuahua, Mexico, he qualified as a medical doctor, obtained a PhD with Arturo Rosenblueth and then, while in Canberra with John Eccles FRS, was invited by Bernard Katz FRS to join the Biophysics department at University College London, where he stayed from 1958 to 1984. Both independently and with Katz, he demonstrated that influx of calcium into the presynaptic nerve terminal is the essential trigger for the release of the neurotransmitter that carries signals across to the postsynaptic cell. He found that cutting the nerve to a frog's muscle increased the number and distribution of its muscle acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, which he purified and established as membrane proteins. Together with Katz, he introduced the technique of membrane noise analysis to determine the properties of the individual ion channels opened by ACh, providing the first functional characterization of a single receptor with integral ion channel. With Eric Barnard (FRS 1981), he pioneered a new approach facilitating the study of neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels by ‘transplanting’ them from brain and other tissues into large Xenopus oocyte cells by injection of messenger RNA. After moving to the University of California, Irvine, in 1984, he helped to establish the Mexican Institute for Neurobiology at Querétaro. Working in Irvine and Mexico he extended this oocyte expression technique to incorporate transplanted brain membranes, particularly from patients with epilepsy or other neurological disorders. He received many honours for his work, including the Royal Medal (1998), but was happiest working in his lab applying his extraordinary technical skills and imagination to study synaptic transmission and inspiring a generation of neuroscientists.
The Takagi function: a survey
Creators: name: Allaart, Pieter
name: Kawamura, Kiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A27 (Primary) 26A16, 28A78, 28A80 (Secondary)

description: This paper sketches the history of the Takagi function T and surveys known properties of T, including its nowhere-differentiability, modulus of continuity, graphical properties and level sets. Several generalizations of the Takagi function, in as far as they are based on the "tent map", are also discussed. The final section reviews a number of applications of the Takagi function to various areas of mathematics, including number theory, combinatorics and classical real analysis.
description: 52 pages, 6 figures
On Polygons Admitting a Simson Line as Discrete Analogs of Parabolas
Creators: name: Tsukerman, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51M04

description: We begin by proving a few general facts about Simson polygons, defined as polygons which admit a pedal line. We use an inductive argument to show that no convex $n$-gon, $n\geq5$, admits a Simson Line. We then determine a property which characterizes Simson $n$-gons and show that one can be constructed for every $n\geq3$. We proceed to show that a parabola can be viewed as a limit of special Simson polygons, called equidistant Simson polygons, and that these polygons provide the best piecewise linear continuous approximation to the parabola. Finally, we show that equidistant Simson polygons can be viewed as discrete analogs of parabolas and that they satisfy a number of results analogous to the pedal property, optical property, properties of Archimedes triangles and Lambert's Theorem of parabolas. The corresponding results for parabolas are easily obtained by applying a limit process to the equidistant Simson polygons.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures. Comments are welcome
Pottery Production in Ireland 12-15th Century
Creators: name: Curtin, Niamh
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 34, 27-38
description: The following article presents an overview of the archaeological and documentary evidence for medieval pottery production in Ireland and places it within the context of similar studies in Britain, which shares Ireland's Anglo Norman heritage. The study period is defined by the arrival of the Anglo Norman settlers in Ireland in the late 12th-century, which marked the beginning of medieval pottery production in Ireland on a large scale and concludes with its demise during the 15th-century. Although the Anglo Norman settlers in Ireland lived in the western limits of the Anglo Norman world their continued involvement with it politically, economically and culturally, an on-going connection is borne out by their material culture and pottery production tradition in particular.
Cosmological neutrino entropy changes due to flavor statistical mixing
Creators: name: Bernardini, Alex E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entropy changes due to delocalization and decoherence effects should modify the predictions for the cosmological neutrino background (C$ν$B) temperature when one treats neutrino flavors in the framework of composite quantum systems. Assuming that the final stage of neutrino interactions with the $γe^{-}e^{+}$ radiation plasma before decoupling works as a measurement scheme that projects neutrinos into flavor quantum states, the resulting free-streaming neutrinos can be described as a statistical ensemble of flavor-mixed neutrinos. Even not corresponding to an electronic-flavor pure state, after decoupling the statistical ensemble is described by a density matrix that evolves in time with the full Hamiltonian accounting for flavor mixing, momentum delocalization and, in case of an open quantum system approach, decoherence effects. Since the statistical weights, $w$, shall follow the electron elastic scattering cross section rapport given by $0.16\,w_{e} = w_μ = w_τ$, the von-Neumann entropy will deserve some special attention. Depending on the quantum measurement scheme used for quantifying the entropy, mixing associated to dissipative effects can lead to an increasing of the flavor associated von-Neumann entropy for free-streaming neutrinos. The production of von-Neumann entropy mitigates the constraints on the predictions for energy densities and temperatures of a cosmologically evolving isentropic fluid, in this case, the cosmological neutrino background. The effects of entropy changes on the cosmological neutrino temperature are quantified, and the {\em constraint} involving the number of neutrino species, $N_ν \approx 3$, in the phenomenological confront with Big Bang nucleosynthesis parameters is consistently relieved.
description: 13 pages, 03 figures. After submitting this letter, several treatments pointing out divergent values (with respect to $N_\nu = 3$) on the computation of the number of neutrino species has appeared on arXiv (see Refs.)
Syrigma sibilatrix Temminck 1824
Creators: name: Castro-Vargas, Fernando
name: Cruz-Mendivelso, Yerson
name: Ortega-Chamorro, Darwin
name: Palacino-Rodríguez, Fredy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Pelecaniformes
Ardeidae
Syrigma
Syrigma sibilatrix

description: Syrigma sibilatrix Temminck, 1824 New records. Two individuals foraging on the edge of the wetlands in the ESNR (04°56′52″N, 073°57′47″W) on 15 June 2016. One individual foraging among the aquatic vegetations in the wetlands of the ESNR (04°57′01″N, 073°57′17″W) on 14 June 2017. We recorded this species in systematic surveys on 17 January 2017 and on 15 September 2018. Identification. Black crown, sides of the head, neck, and chest; scapular area suede coloured. Remarks. We did not record any reproductive events. Distribution. Llanos grasslands of Venezuela and eastern Colombia; southeastern South America, from the Pantanal of Bolivia south to southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina.
description: Published as part of Castro-Vargas, Fernando, Cruz-Mendivelso, Yerson, Ortega-Chamorro, Darwin & Palacino-Rodríguez, Fredy, 2020, Birds from northeastern Bogotá Savannah, Cundinamarca, Colombia, pp. 1375-1391 in Check List 16 (5) on page 1383, DOI: 10.15560/16.5.1375
Huntington’s Disease iPSC-Derived Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Reveal WNT-Mediated Angiogenic and Blood-Brain Barrier Deficits
Creators: name: Lim, Ryan G.
name: Quan, Chris
name: Reyes-Ortiz, Andrea M.
name: Lutz, Sarah E.
name: Kedaigle, Amanda J.
name: Gipson, Theresa A.
name: Wu, Jie
name: Vatine, Gad D.
name: Stocksdale, Jennifer
name: Casale, Malcolm S.
name: Svendsen, Clive N.
name: Fraenkel, Ernest
name: Housman, David E.
name: Agalliu, Dritan
name: Thompson, Leslie M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Vascular endothelial cells
Blood-brain barrier
Huntington's disease
Nervous system--Degeneration
Biology

description: Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are an essential component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that shields the brain against toxins and immune cells. While BBB dysfunction exists in neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease (HD), it is not known if BMECs themselves are functionally compromised to promote BBB dysfunction. Further, the underlying mechanisms of BBB dysfunction remain elusive given limitations with mouse models and post-mortem tissue to identify primary deficits. We undertook a transcriptome and functional analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived BMECs (iBMEC) from HD patients or unaffected controls. We demonstrate that HD iBMECs have intrinsic abnormalities in angiogenesis and barrier properties, as well as in signaling pathways governing these processes. Thus, our findings provide an iPSC-derived BBB model for a neurodegenerative disease and demonstrate autonomous neurovascular deficits that may underlie HD pathology with implications for therapeutics and drug delivery.
Guidelines for Data Management Plan implementation of One Health EJP projects: Slides of the webinar held on the 19th December 2018
Creators: name: Francisco, Mickele A.D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: data management plan
OHEJP
DMP
webinar

description: Slides of the webinar held on the 19th December 2018 to introduce Data Management Plan to scientists involved in One Health European Joint Program
Collective dynamics of colloids at fluid interfaces
Creators: name: Bleibel, J.
name: Dominguez, A.
name: Oettel, M.
name: Dietrich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of an initially prepared distribution of micron sized colloidal particles, trapped at a fluid interface and under the action of their mutual capillary attraction, is analyzed by using Brownian dynamics simulations. At a separation λ given by the capillary length of typically 1 mm, the distance dependence of this attraction exhibits a crossover from a logarithmic decay, formally analogous to two-dimensional gravity, to an exponential decay. We discuss in detail the adaption of a particle-mesh algorithm, as used in cosmological simulations to study structure formation due to gravitational collapse, to the present colloidal problem. These simulations confirm the predictions, as far as available, of a mean-field theory developed previously for this problem. The evolution is monitored by quantitative characteristics which are particularly sensitive to the formation of highly inhomogeneous structures. Upon increasing λ the dynamics show a smooth transition from the spinodal decomposition expected for a simple fluid with short-ranged attraction to the self-gravitational collapse scenario.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, revised, matches version accepted for publication in the European Physical Journal E
Rallus semiplumbeus P. L. Scatler 1856
Creators: name: Castro-Vargas, Fernando
name: Cruz-Mendivelso, Yerson
name: Ortega-Chamorro, Darwin
name: Palacino-Rodríguez, Fredy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Gruiformes
Rallidae
Rallus
Rallus semiplumbeus

description: Rallus semiplumbeus P.L. Scatler, 1856 Figure 5A New records. One individual was heard and seen, hiding among the aquatic vegetations in the wetlands of the ESNR on 2 June 2019. We recorded this species in the systematic surveys on 17 June 2019. Identification. Males and females have a long, bright red bill and red tarsi, upperparts olive brown, streaked with black or dusky, wings chestnut, sides of the head, neck, and the breast and upper belly are gray, flanks and lower belly are barred black and white. Remarks. We did not record any reproductive events. The species is very rare in the Bogotá Savannah. It is categorized as Endangered because its range is very small and is contracting owing to widespread habitat loss and degradation (Birdlife International 2016). Distribution. This species is reported to eastern Andes of Colombia only.
description: Published as part of Castro-Vargas, Fernando, Cruz-Mendivelso, Yerson, Ortega-Chamorro, Darwin & Palacino-Rodríguez, Fredy, 2020, Birds from northeastern Bogotá Savannah, Cundinamarca, Colombia, pp. 1375-1391 in Check List 16 (5) on pages 1383-1384, DOI: 10.15560/16.5.1375
description: {"references": ["BirdLife International (2016) Rallus semiplumbeus. The IUCN Red List of threatened species 2016: e. T 22692482 A 93355621. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / iucn. uk. 2016 - 3. rlts. t 22692482 a 93355621. en. Accessed on: 2019 - 11 - 28."]}
Mitigation of the LHC Inverse Problem
Creators: name: Bornhauser, Nicki
name: Drees, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LHC inverse problem refers to the difficulties in determining the parameters of an underlying theory from data (to be) taken by the LHC experiments: if they find signals of new physics, and an underlying theory is assumed, could its parameters be determined uniquely, or do different parameter choices give indistinguishable experimental signatures? This inverse problem was studied before for a supersymmetric Standard Model with 15 free parameters. This earlier study found 283 indistinguishable pairs of parameter choices, called degenerate pairs, even if backgrounds are ignored. We can resolve all but 23 of those pairs by constructing a true χ^2 distribution using mostly counting observables. The elimination of systematic errors would even allow separating the residual degeneracies. Taking the Standard Model background into account we still can resolve 237 of the 283 "degenerate" pairs. This indicates that (some of) our observables should also be useful for the purpose of determining the values of SUSY parameters.
description: 32 pages, 13 figures, typo in (3.6) corrected, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Ian Crawford'a Udal: The Key to Ceramic Traditions of the Western Seaboard
Creators: name: Ballin Smith, Beverley
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 34, 39-44
description: The Udal North, North Uist, dug by Iain Crawford has a continuous structural sequence with artefactual evidence from the late Iron Age to the end of the post- medieval period. All periods produced quantities of handmade pottery, to make it one of the largest rural assemblages in Scotland. This long and remarkable sequence from this one site has the potential to confirm and expand the pottery sequence proposed by Campbell (2002) for the Western Isles. Some of the Udal North pottery was studied about 30 years ago, but the opportunity now exists to date the assemblage scientifically and explore it socially. Research questions include examining the origins of pottery making in the region, the development of pottery making at the site, as well as the continuation of the ceramic tradition to the present day. This paper is an interim summary of what we know to date and what we hope to learn in the future.
Quantitative Analysis of the DNA Methylation Sensitivity of Transcription Factor Complexes
Creators: name: Kribelbauer, Judith F.
name: Laptenko, Oleg
name: Chen, Siying
name: Martini, Gabriella D.
name: Freed-Pastor, William Allen
name: Prives, Carol L.
name: Mann, Richard S.
name: Bussemaker, Harmen J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: DNA--Methylation
Transcription factors
Genetic regulation
DNA-protein interactions
Epigenetics

description: Although DNA modifications play an important role in gene regulation, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We developed EpiSELEX-seq to probe the sensitivity of transcription factor binding to DNA modification in vitro using massively parallel sequencing. Feature-based modeling quantifies the effect of cytosine methylation (5mC) on binding free energy in a position-specific manner. Application to the human bZIP proteins ATF4 and C/EBPβ and three different Pbx-Hox complexes shows that 5mCpG can both increase and decrease affinity, depending on where the modification occurs within the protein-DNA interface. The TF paralogs tested vary in their methylation sensitivity, for which we provide a structural rationale. We show that 5mCpG can also enhance in vitro p53 binding and provide evidence for increased in vivo p53 occupancy at methylated binding sites, correlating with primed enhancer histone marks. Our results establish a powerful strategy for dissecting the epigenomic modulation of protein-DNA interactions and their role in gene regulation.
Magnetic glass in Shape Memory Alloy : Ni45Co5Mn38Sn12
Creators: name: Lakhani, Archana
name: Banerjee, A.
name: Chaddah, P.
name: Chen, X.
name: Ramanujan, R. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first order martensitic transition in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni45Co5Mn38Sn12 is also a magnetic transition and has a large field induced effect. While cooling in the presence of field this first order magnetic martensite transition is kinetically arrested. Depending on the cooling field, a fraction of the arrested ferromagnetic austenite phase persists down to the lowest temperature as a magnetic glassy state, similar to the one observed in various intermetallic alloys and in half doped manganites. A detailed investigation of this first order ferromagnetic austenite (FM-A) to low magnetization martensite (LM-M) state transition as a function of temperature and field has been carried out by magnetization measurements. Extensive cooling and heating in unequal field (CHUF) measurements and a novel field cooled protocol for isothermal MH measurements (FC-MH) are utilized to investigate the glass like arrested states and show a reverse martensite transition. Finally, we determine a field -temperature (HT) phase diagram of Ni45Co5Mn38Sn12 from various magnetization measurements which brings out the regions where thermodynamic and metastable states co-exist in the HT space clearly depicting this system as a 'Magnetic Glass'.
description: Magnetic field tunes kinetic arrest and CHUF shows devitrification and melting of Magnetic glass
The 27th Gerald Dunning Memorial Lecture: The Isle Of Man, Central or Marginal in the Ceramic History of these Islands? A Case Study
Creators: name: Davey, Peter J
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 34, 45-54
description: After a short introduction that reviews Gerald Dunning's relationship with the Isle of Man, the paper presents five ceramic assemblages from the Island ranging in date from the 13th through to the early 20th century. Two groups from excavations in Peel Castle and one from Rushen Abbey are considered, along with a collection from a 19th- century shipwreck and a watching brief on an early 20th-century episcopal rubbish tip. They are each considered against contemporary evidence for differing types of marginality: political, constitutional, socio� economic and cultural.
Streaming in the emergency department : an innovative care delivery design
Creators: name: Morrish, Sherri
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Emergency departments (EDs) in urban settings are experiencing extreme challenges such as overcrowding, long wait times, and patient dissatisfaction (Kelley, Bryant, Cox, & Jolley, 2007). Streaming in the Emergency Department is an innovative care delivery design that is designed to reduce ED overcrowding and improve access to care. Streaming enables moderately acute ambulatory Triage Level 3 patients, who often wait the longest, to be cared for in a separate area embedded within the main ED. These patients receive care to the same standards but sit in a chair for most of their stay, only lying in a bed for examinations, treatments, and tests. This care approach often closely matches the way fast track or minor treatment clinics are run for lower acuity Triage Levels 4 and 5 patients in many urban EDs. This study aims to create a deeper understanding of “streaming.” The research examined what factors influenced the successful streaming of moderately acute ambulatory patients within the streaming unit of Hospital X (British Columbia, Canada). A qualitative descriptive design using a single site case study was employed. The data analysis involved reducing data into meaning units, then reducing them to sub-themes which were finally grouped into four major themes (Graneheim & Lundman, 2003; Yin, 2004). These themes were: “facing health care realities,” “doing it right,” “maintaining flow,” and "what matters?” From this research, it is clear that streaming is improving care, patient outcomes, and staff satisfaction in Hospital X’s emergency department. This innovative care delivery design for moderately acute ambulatory patients is challenging the traditional paradigm of ED care, bringing positive changes in a complex health care environment. Timely care for ED patients, through such innovative models as a streaming unit, can save lives (Devkaran, Parsons, Van Dyke, Drennan, & Rajah, 2009).
Exchange Bias Induced by the Fe3O4 Verwey transition
Creators: name: de la Venta, J.
name: Erekhinsky, M.
name: Wang, Siming
name: West, K. G.
name: Morales, R.
name: Schuller, Ivan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the exchange bias in different configurations of V2O3 thin films with ferromagnetic layers. The exchange bias is accompanied by a large vertical shift in the magnetization. These effects are only observed when V2O3 is grown on top of Ni80Fe20 permalloy. The magnitude of the vertical shift is as large as 60% of the total magnetization which has never been reported in any system. X-Ray diffraction studies show that the growth conditions promote the formation of a ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 interlayer. The change in the easy magnetization axis of Fe3O4 across the Verwey transition at 120 K is correlated with the appearance of exchange bias and vertical shift in magnetization. Both phenomena disappear above 120 K, indicating for the first time a direct relationship between the magnetic signature of the Verwey transition and exchange bias.
description: Accepted for publication Physical Review B
Downscaling probabilistic seasonal climate forecasts for decision support in agriculture: A comparison of parametric and non-parametric approach
Creators: name: Han, Eun Jin
name: Ines, Amor Valeriano M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Long-range weather forecasting
Weather forecasting--Data processing
Agriculture--Decision making

description: Seasonal climate forecasts (SCF) are produced operationally in tercile-probabilities of the most likely categories, e.g., below-, near- and above-normal rainfall. Inherently, these are difficult to translate into information useful for decision support in agriculture. For example, probabilistic SCF must first be downscaled to daily weather realizations to link with process-based crop models, a tedious process, especially for non-technical users. Here, we present two approaches for downscaling probabilistic seasonal climate forecasts – a parametric method, predictWTD, and a non-parametric method, FResampler1, and compare their performance. The predictWTD, which is based on a conditional stochastic weather generator, was found to be not very sensitive to types of rainfall information (amount, frequency or intensity) in constraining or conditioning the stochastic weather generator, but conditioning the stochastic weather generator on both rainfall frequency and rainfall intensity had distorted the distribution of the downscaled seasonal rainfall total. Both predictWTD and FResampler1 are sensitive to the length of climate data, especially for a wet SCF; climate data longer than 30 years was found suitable for reproducing the theoretical distribution of SCF. FResampler1 performed well as predictWTD in downscaling probabilistic SCF, however, it requires the generation of more realizations to ensure stable simulations of the seasonal rainfall total distributions.
Airborne disease infection risk modeling
Creators: name: Lin, Chu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: A mathematical model which estimates spatial infection risk as a function of pulmonary rate and deposition region has been developed based on the does-response model. It is specifically designed for enclosed space with consideration of pathogen bio-properties, such as viability and infectivity. Firstly, eleven cases of Tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks in aircraft are studied to develop the optimal parameters set. It is then used to perform model validation and investigation of sample inpatient room spatial infection risk. Secondly, infection risk for eleven TB outbreaks are compared with modeling and Wells-Riley estimations. As a result, modeling results are within the calculated range of Wells-Riley prediction. To determine the importance of viability and ventilation rate regarding HVAC system design for health facilities, infection risks are calculated at different viability and ventilation rates. Based on the observation, ventilation rate or particle concentration in the space dominate the infection risk distribution, except when viability decays extreme rapidly. Thirdly, the spatial infection risk is investigated for TB in a typical 60 m³ inpatient room with displacement and well-mixed ventilation systems. Two room settings, a nurse standing close to the patient’s bed versus a visitor standing far away from the bed, and two coughing directions, horizontal versus vertical, are studied. The results show that for coughing horizontally, when the nurse stands beside the patient's bed, his/her breathing zone is the highest risk zone for displacement ventilation. Under displacement ventilation, the infection risk is lower when visitor stands away from the bed compared to stand close to the bed if the visitor is the only person present in the room besides the patient. The infection risk of the breathing zones in the two cases with horizontal coughing are both higher than 25%. However, when a patient coughs vertically, the displacement ventilation significantly reduces the infection risk. With 24 hours exposure, the infection risk for the nurse and the visitor are both less than 5%.
A Note on Kahler Potential of Charged Matter in F-theory
Creators: name: Kawano, Teruhiko
name: Tsuchiya, Yoichi
name: Watari, Taizan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Kahler potential of charged matter fields, whose profiles have a peak on their matter curve --- on an "intersection" of 7-branes, in an F-theory compactification. It is shown that the Kahler potential is exactly given by the integral over the matter curve, but not by the integral over the whole GUT surface of 7-branes.
description: 15 pages; v2: typos corrected
Reliable and Elastic Propagation of Cortical Seizures In Vivo
Creators: name: Wenzel, Michael
name: Hamm, Jordan P.
name: Peterka, Darcy
name: Yuste, Rafael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Spasms
Epilepsy
Neural circuitry
Biology
Picrotoxin

description: Mapping the fine-scale neural activity that underlies epilepsy is key to identifying potential control targets of this frequently intractable disease. Yet, the detailed in vivo dynamics of seizure progression in cortical microcircuits remain poorly understood. We combine fast (30-Hz) two-photon calcium imaging with local field potential (LFP) recordings to map, cell by cell, the spread of locally induced (4-AP or picrotoxin) seizures in anesthetized and awake mice. Using single-layer and microprism-assisted multilayer imaging in different cortical areas, we uncover reliable recruitment of local neural populations within and across cortical layers, and we find layer-specific temporal delays, suggesting an initial supra-granular invasion followed by deep-layer recruitment during lateral seizure spread. Intriguingly, despite consistent progression pathways, successive seizures show pronounced temporal variability that critically depends on GABAergic inhibition. We propose an epilepsy circuit model resembling an elastic meshwork, wherein ictal progression faithfully follows preexistent pathways but varies flexibly in time, depending on the local inhibitory restraint.
Ceramics, Furniture, and Distributed Agency of People and Things in 19th-Century Cottages of Western Britain and Ireland
Creators: name: Mytum, Harold C
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 34, 55-66
description: The dresser and its ceramics formed a highly significant cultural marker in 19th-century western Britain and Ireland. Excavated transfer-printed, painted, and spongeware vessels recovered from excavations can be contextualized using ethnographic and illustrative material, together with dressers and their contents in museums, to consider ceramics in a range of dynamic relationships. This paper applies the theoretical perspective of Actor Network Theory (ANT) to consider the role of ceramics within western British and Irish 19th-century cottages. Networks of people and things create, in Latour's terminology, actants they are made to act. Ceramics were not merely passive reflectors of function and status but were active in the negotiations of value and meaning not only in middle class homes but also within even the most impoverished rural cottage.
Review: A City in the Making Archaeological Excavations Between 2002 and 2007 on the Sites of Northgate House, Staple Gardens and the Former Winchester Library, Jewry St.
Creators: name: Jervis, Ben
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 34, 70-72
description: Publication review
Regulation of Mitochondrial Complex I Biogenesis in Drosophila Flight Muscles
Creators: name: Garcia, Christian Joel
name: Khajeh, Jahan
name: Coulanges, Emmanuel
name: Chen, Emily I-Ju
name: Owusu-Ansah, Edward
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Mitochondria--Formation
Drosophila
Cytology
Biophysics

description: The flight muscles of Drosophila are highly enriched with mitochondria, but the mechanism by which mitochondrial complex I (CI) is assembled in this tissue has not been described. We report the mechanism of CI biogenesis in Drosophila flight muscles and show that it proceeds via the formation of ∼315, ∼550, and ∼815 kDa CI assembly intermediates. Additionally, we define specific roles for several CI subunits in the assembly process. In particular, we show that dNDUFS5 is required for converting an ∼700 kDa transient CI assembly intermediate into the ∼815 kDa assembly intermediate. Importantly, incorporation of dNDUFS5 into CI is necessary to stabilize or promote incorporation of dNDUFA10 into the complex. Our findings highlight the potential of studies of CI biogenesis in Drosophila to uncover the mechanism of CI assembly in vivo and establish Drosophila as a suitable model organism and resource for addressing questions relevant to CI biogenesis in humans.
Attenuation of Synaptic Potentials in Dendritic Spines
Creators: name: Kwon, Taekyung
name: Sakamoto, Masayuki
name: Peterka, Darcy
name: Yuste, Rafael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Dendrites
Biophysics
Neurons
Biology

description: Dendritic spines receive the majority of excitatory inputs in many mammalian neurons, but their biophysical properties and exact role in dendritic integration are still unclear. Here, we study spine electrical properties in cultured hippocampal neurons using an improved genetically encoded voltage indicator (ArcLight) and two-photon glutamate uncaging. We find that back-propagating action potentials (bAPs) fully invade dendritic spines. However, uncaging excitatory post-synaptic potentials (uEPSPs) generated by glutamate photorelease, ranging from 4 to 27 mV in amplitude, are attenuated by up to 4-fold as they propagate to the parent dendrites. Finally, the simultaneous occurrence of bAPs and uEPSPs results in sublinear summation of membrane potential. Our results demonstrate that spines can behave as electric compartments, reducing the synaptic inputs injected into the cell, while receiving bAPs are unmodified. The attenuation of EPSPs by spines could have important repercussions for synaptic plasticity and dendritic integration.
Fast preparation of single hole spin in InAs/GaAs quantum dot in Voigt geometry magnetic field
Creators: name: Godden, T. M.
name: Quilter, J. H.
name: Ramsay, A. J.
name: Wu, Yanwen
name: Brereton, P.
name: Luxmoore, I. J.
name: Puebla, J.
name: Fox, A. M.
name: Skolnick, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The preparation of a coherent heavy-hole spin via ionization of a spin-polarized electron-hole pair in an InAs/GaAs quantum dot in a Voigt geometry magnetic field is investigated. For a dot with a 17 ueV bright-exciton fine-structure splitting, the fidelity of the spin preparation is limited to 0.75, with optimum preparation occurring when the effective fine-structure of the bright-exciton matches the in-plane hole Zeeman energy. In principle, higher fidelities can be achieved by minimizing the bright-exciton fine-structure splitting.
description: 8 pages, 10 figs, published PRB 85 155310 (2012)