Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) artanensis Altaba 2007
Creators: name: Delicado, Diana
name: Machordom, Annie
name: Ramos, Marian A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Hydrobiidae
Pseudamnicola
Pseudamnicola artanensis

description: PSEUDAMNICOLA (PSEUDAMNICOLA) ARTANENSIS ALTABA, 2007 (FIGS 4–9)   
 Type locality   
Spring near Betlem Hermitage, Artá, Majorca, Balearic Islands (Altaba, 2007).  
 Type material   
Holotype (CRA-6085-1) and 40 paratypes (CRA-6085) in Altaba’s personal collection.  
 Localities   
This species has only been found at the type locality.  
 Material examined for morphometry   
Shell, anatomical, operculum, and radular measurements (Appendix S2: Tables S1–S 7) correspond to specimens collected in April 2008 from a spring near Betlem Hermitage, Artá, Majorca.  
 New diagnosis   
Shell slender, peristome with inner lip thicker than outer one; radula with six pointed lateral cusps on central tooth and three on lateral tooth; intestine pigmented; female genitalia with a pyriform J-shaped bursa copulatrix and an elongate seminal receptacle; long bursal duct proportional to bursa length; triangular penis with wide base, a small patch of black pigment on distal region and many folds over the entire inner surface; nervous system brown pigmented; supraoesophageal connective around five times longer than suboesophageal.  
 Description   
Shell with yellowish periostracum, 4–4.5 spire whorls (Fig. 4C, F, I, Appendix S2: Table S1) and height of between 3.00 and 3.50 mm; protoconch approximately 350 μm wide, with 1.3 whorls and a nucleus about 150 μm long; protoconch microsculpture granulated (Fig. 5E, F); body whorl about two-thirds of total length; peristome with thin outer lip and thick inner lip, which partially hides the umbilicus; edge of peristome simple and straight (Fig. 4F).  
Operculum translucent, with approximately 2.5 whorls; internal side bears a convex edge and oval muscle attachment near nucleus (Fig. 6E, F, Appendix S2: Table S2).  
Radula size small (<15% of total shell length), four times longer than wide, and with around 35 rows of teeth (Fig. 7C, Appendix S2: Table S3); trapezoidal central tooth with a tongue-shaped median cusp and six pointed lateral cusps (Fig. 7F, I); lateral teeth with three tapered lateral cusps and a median cusp larger than the lateral cusps; inner and outer marginal teeth with around 20 cusps (Fig. 7L).  
Pigmentation and anatomy  
Head with dark brown pigment all over surface except on the edge of snout, around the ocular area, and along a medial longitudinal stripe of tentacles (Fig. 8F); dorsal region of foot pigmented; pigment on neck lighter than on the head; foot of intermediate size with anterior edge indented. Ctenidium with 17–20 well-developed gill filaments occupying most of the pallial cavity; osphradium located in opposite middle of ctenidium and two times longer than wide (Fig. 9C, Appendix S2: Table S4). Stomach with a posterior chamber larger than anterior chamber and style sac shorter than stomach, longer than wide (Appendix S2: Table S4); the portion of the intestine surrounding style sac dark pigmented (Fig. 9F).  
Female genitalia with a capsule gland slightly longer than albumen gland (Appendix S2: Table S5); bursa copulatrix pyriform J-shaped with a long bursal duct almost as long as bursa copulatrix; elongate seminal receptacle attached a little above the distal end of renal oviduct; renal oviduct pigmented making one or two loops, later it continues straight from the loop until insertion of the bursal duct; pigmentation along renal oviduct decreases from loop to seminal receptacle (Fig. 8I).  
Male genitalia with a prostate gland about three times longer than wide (Appendix S2: Table S6); vas efferens entering the medial−posterior region and vas deferens exiting at the anterior (Fig. 8C); triangular penis with a wide base, small pigmented patch on the distal section and many folds over the entire inner surface (Fig. 8F); attached to central region of head; with a highly curved penial duct along its right side.  
Nervous system brown pigmented, darker on ganglia than on connectives and commissures; cerebral ganglia equal in size; supraoesophageal connective five times longer than suboesophageal one (Fig. 8L, Appendix S2: Table S7); RPG ratio 0.50 (moderately concentrated); straight oesophagus running beneath nervous system.  
 Remarks   
 Until now, this species was only known from the type locality. It was originally assigned to the species P. (P.) subproducta by Boeters (1988), although Altaba later described it as a new species (Altaba, 2007). In Altaba’s description, the penis seems to be longer and narrower than the sizes found in our observations. This difference may be because our specimens were fixed directly in ethanol without first being anaesthetized, and thus, the penis may have contracted during the process. Nevertheless, the differences between P. (P.) artanensis and P. (P.) subproducta are based on a combination of characters. Despite bearing the same number of spire whorls, the shell of P. (P.) artanensis is longer and narrower; the bursa copulatrix, bursal duct, and seminal receptacle are also longer and the number of lateral cups in the central teeth is also higher in P. (P.) artanensis. However, the male genitalia (i.e. prostate gland and penis) present similar dimensions in both species. Additionally, the genetic distances between them are 7.3% for COI, 3.1% for 16S, and 1.8% for 28S, confirming that they are separate species.   
 Relative to the other species from Majorca, P. (P.) artanensis can be distinguished by having an shell size intermediate between the shell sizes of P. (P.) beckmanni and P. (P.) granjaensis (Appendix S2: Table S1), a greater number of cusps in the central, inner, and outer marginal teeth of the radula (Appendix S2: Table S3), the longest bursal duct, the largest penis, and a similar RPG ratio to P. (P.) beckmanni but lower than P. (P.) granjaensis.
description: Published as part of Delicado, Diana, Machordom, Annie & Ramos, Marian A., 2014, Vicariant versus dispersal processes in the settlement of Pseudamnicola (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) in the Mediterranean Balearic Islands, pp. 38-71 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 171 (1) on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12124, http://zenodo.org/record/5305349