Colletes toroi Ferrari 2017, new species
Creators: name: Ferrari, Rafael R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Colletidae
Colletes
Colletes toroi

description: Colletes toroi Ferrari, new species
(Figs. 60A–F)
Diagnosis. Females can be diagnosed by the overall pale-yellow pubescence, clypeal lower 1/3 with midlongitudinal ridge, and posterior hind tibial spur pectinate. Males are recognizable through the combination of malar area ~ 2x as long as basal depth of mandible, mesoscutum with pale-yellow hairs only; and T1 densely (i<d) and moderately finely punctate.
Colletes toroi n. sp. is most similar to C. coquimbensis n. sp., but their females can be distinguished by the mesoscutal pubescence entirely pale-yellow in the former (mesoscutal pubescence with off-white and black hairs intermixed in C. coquimbensis n. sp.); and the labral median area swollen in C. toroi n. sp. (labral median area depressed and margined by ridges in C. coquimbensis n. sp.). The male C. toroi n. sp. can be differentiated from the male C. coquimbensis n. sp. due to its comparatively longer malar area, ~ 2x as long as basal depth of mandible (malar area ~1.5x as long as basal depth of mandible in C. coquimbensis n. sp.).
Description. FEMALE (Figs. 60A, 60C, 60E): Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 9.2; head width 3.2; head length 2.5; intertegular distance 2.6; forewing length 6.6.
Colouration: Black except dark-brown on tegula, wing veins (except vein R of forewing black), legs (except distitarsi pale-brown), ventrally reflexed lateral areas of T1–T2, S1–S5 (except pale-brown mid-longitudinally), S6 posterolaterally. Pale-yellow on tibial spurs, marginal zone of metasomal sterna. Pale-brown on marginal zones of T1–T5. Reddish-brown on distal half of tarsal claws (except proximal 1/3 bright-yellow); marked on distal half of mandible.
Structure: Labrum medially concave; concavity margined by lateral ridges. Clypeal mid-longitudinal area not depressed; adjacent lateral area convex; lower 1/3 bearing mid-longitudinal ridge. Malar area ~0.9x as long as basal depth of mandible (28:32). F1 ~1.1x as long as its apical width (25:22). UID:LID (62:59). Genal area flat behind upper summit of compound eyes in lateral view. Dorsolateral angle of pronotum modified into a spine. Horizontal surface of metapostnotum ~0.5x as long as metanotum (17:35); metapostnotal pits well-delimited; posterior transverse carina sinuous and interrupted medially. Posteromedial surface of front coxa bearing long spine (0.65x MOD). Posterior hind tibial spur pectinate. Hind basitarsus 3x longer than broad (42:14). Outer rami of hind tarsal claws ~ 2x as long as inner rami (13:7). Posterolateral area of S6 convex but without ridge; marginal zone depressed.
Pubescence: Pale-yellow throughout. Plumose, erect, moderately short on pronotal lobe; moderately long on lateral slopes of clypeus and supraclypeal area, paraocular, interantennal and frontal areas, mesoscutum, scutellum, metepisternum, ventral margin of mid femur, S1; such hairs long on genal area near proboscidial fossa, vertexal area, metanotum, mesepisternum, anteroventral surface of front trochanter and femur, ventral surface of mid and hind trochanters; very long on upper margin of lateral surface of propodeum. Erect, moderately short setae on mandible, dorsal surface of mid and hind basitarsi and hind tibia; such setae moderately long on posterior margin of basitarsi (except very long on posterior one). Suberect, short setae on dorsal surface of front and mid tibiae; such setae thick on ventral surface of mid and hind tarsi (thickest towards distal margin). Suberect, very long hairs, which are branched only apically on anterior surface of hind femur and tibia. Dense, appressed hairs on lateral surface of propodeum (except slightly sparser), T1–T5; T1 also with plumose, erect, long hairs; T2–T5 also with erect, moderately short hairs (except longer on T4–T5). S2 with erect, moderately short hairs, which are branched only apically. Discs of S3–S6 covered with suberect, short setae; marginal zones of S2–S5 with a band of plumose, moderately long hairs.
Surface sculpture: Clypeal mid-longitudinal area sparsely and moderately finely punctate (interspaces rugulose); striate below; adjacent convex area with very sparse punctures (interspaces smooth). Malar area densely and moderately finely punctate on upper half; substrigulate on lower half. Supraclypeal area rugulose. Paraocular area densely and moderately coarsely punctate below; punctures crowded and moderately fine above; interspaces smooth throughout. Frontal area densely and moderately finely punctate; interspaces rugulose. Vertexal area minutely punctate; interspaces smooth. Mesosomal interspaces smooth (except when stated otherwise). Mesoscutum moderately coarsely and moderately densely punctate (except sparsely punctate on mid-posterior area). Scutellum densely and moderately coarsely punctate (except posterior 1/4 punctures crowded and moderately fine). Metanotum densely and finely punctate. Mesepisternum densely and coarsely punctate (denser and finer on upper lateral area). Metepisternum rugose above; obliquely striate medially; rugulose below. Lateral surface of propodeum sparsely and moderately finely punctate; interspaces rugulose. Upper area of vertical surface of metapostnotum smooth medially. T1 sparsely and finely punctate; T2–T5 minutely punctate; interspaces smooth throughout. S2–S5 finely and moderately sparsely punctate (except denser posterolaterally and sparser midlongitudinally); S6 with a few fine punctures mid-longitudinally; interspaces imbricate throughout.
MALE (Figs. 60B, 60D, 60F). As in female, except for usual secondary sexual characteristics and as follows:
Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 8.6; head width 3.4; head length 2.6; intertegular distance 2.4; forewing length 7.5.
Colouration: Outer margin of tegula pale-yellow. Stigma and wing veins pale-brown (except vein R of forewing black). Proximal 1/3 of tarsal claws pale-orange. Marginal zones of T1–T3 dark-brown. Metasomal sterna evenly dark-brown.
Structure: Clypeal mid-longitudinal area evenly deeply and narrowly (0.6x MOD) depressed on upper 3/4; lower 1/3 without mid-longitudinal ridge. Malar area ~ 2x as long as basal depth of mandible (57:30). F1 ~1.1x as long as its apical width (24:22). UID:LID (73:60). Genal area concave behind upper summit of compound eyes in lateral view. Horizontal surface of metapostnotum ~0.6x as long as metanotum (21:36); posterior transverse carina complete. Posteromedial surface of front coxa spine. Posterior hind tibial spur ciliate. Hind basitarsus ~3.3x longer than broad (43:13). Outer rami of hind tarsal claws ~1.8x as long as inner rami (11:6). Posterolateral area of S6 flat; marginal zone not depressed. S7, S8 and genital capsule as in Figs. 61A, 61B, 61C, respectively.
Pubescence: Paraocular area with pale-yellow and black hairs intermingled. Genal area and lateral surface of propodeum not covered with appressed hairs. Hairs on pronotal lobe as long as those on mesoscutum. Appressed hairs on T1–T5 restricted to marginal zones. Disc of T2 with moderately long, plumose hairs. Discs of S3–S5 with erect pubescence.
Surface sculpture: Clypeal striation restricted to lower margin. Malar area longitudinally striate throughout. Vertexal area densely and moderately coarsely punctate near ocellus; moderately finely and moderately densely punctate near eye. Metanotum punctures crowded. Mesepisternal upper are evenly densely punctate; lower posterior area with rugulose interspaces. Upper area of vertical surface of metapostnotum transversely striate medially. T1 densely and moderately finely punctate; T2–T5 finely punctate. S6 finely and densely punctate laterally.
Type material. Holotype ♀ —“ CHILE, Ñuble: Chillán; area, “Shangri la”,; Las Trancas, E. Recinto; January 19–22, 1979; 1600 m., L.E. Peña ”. “ Colletes; araucariae Friese; det. J. S. Ascher”. “ AMNH _ ENT; AMNH_BEE 00074154 ”. “HOLOTYPE; Colletes toroi ♀; Ferrari, new species”). {AMNH}.
Paratypes: CHILE — Region Metropolitana: Maipo, (-33.724, -70.778), 454m, 20/i/1989, [L.Peña], 1♀, {AMNH}. Region VIII: Chillán, (-36.611, -72.129), 111m, 19/i/1979, [L.Peña], 2♂♂, {AMNH}.
Range. Chile (Regions Metropolitana, VI–VIII). See also Fig. 46C.
Biogeographic distribution. Central Chilean sub-region (Santiagan province). Central Chilean species distributed at altitudes of 100–500m a.s.l.
DNA barcode. Unavailable.
Floral hosts. Unknown.
Etymology. This species is named after Haroldo Toro (1934–2002), whose paper on the Chilean Colletes (Toro 1999) was an invaluable source of information during the elaboration of this study.
Comments. Rare species with a restricted distribution in central Chile, where considerable bee collecting has taken place but only four specimens are known.
description: Published as part of Ferrari, Rafael R., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the species of Colletes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Colletinae) found in Chile, pp. 1-137 in Zootaxa 4364 (1) on pages 113-116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4364.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1116008