cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Speed Variations of Cosmic Photons and Neutrinos from Loop Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Li, Hao
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a series of analyses on the flight time of cosmic photons and neutrinos suggests that the speed of light \emph{in vacuo} takes the energy-dependent form $v(E)\simeq 1-E/E_{\text{LIV}}^{γ}$ with $E_{\text{LIV}}^{γ}\approx 3.6\times 10^{17}~\text{GeV}$, and meanwhile the speed of neutrinos is proposed to be $v(E)\simeq 1\pm E/E_{\text{LIV}}^{ν}$ with $E_{\text{LIV}}^{ν}\approx 6.5\times 10^{17}~\text{GeV}$ and $\pm {}$ representing the helicity dependence. This novel picture immediately urges us to provide a satisfactory theoretical explanation. Among all the attempts to predict the speed variations from quantum gravity, we find that loop quantum gravity can serve as a good candidate for explaining the aforementioned picture consistently.
description: 6 latex pages, final version for journal publication
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE INTERIOR ACOUSTICS
Creators: name: Bianca Cășeriu *, Petruța Blaga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH), in addition to safety and cost, have become important factors in the definition of vehicle quality as a result of the market's search for an increasing refinement. Although noise emissions are a negative side effect of almost all technical innovation developments, determining the specific descriptive factors of vehicle interior acoustics is a serious challenge for researchers and manufacturers because unlike many systems, vehicles have a large number of sources of vibration and noise, continuous and transient, which are interdependent and also depend on factors of a subjective nature. This paper aims to provide knowledge about theory and the best techniques for determining the specific descriptive factors of vehicle interior acoustics, as well as a numerical model for their determination followed by the presentation of experimentally obtained results so that they can make informed judgments about strategies for NVH solutions at an early stage of vehicle development.
Das Schulbuch auf dem Prüfstand – neue Zulassungsverfahren
Creators: name: Fenn, Monika
Publisher: name: M. Fenn, Das Schulbuch auf dem Prüfstand – neue Zulassungsverfahren, «Public history weekly», 1, 2013, n. 15
Year: 2013

description: Obwohl digitale Medien die Klassenzimmer erobern, werden Geschichtsschulbücher noch immer intensiv genutzt. Da sie offenbar mehr Einfluss auf die Unterrichtsgestaltung ausüben als die Lehrpläne selbst, gelten sie als heimliche Lehrpläne. Eine sorgfältige, qualitative Prüfung der Geschichtsschulbücher ist fraglos notwendig, worauf etwa staatliche Zulassungsverfahren abzielen. Momentan zeichnet sich der Trend einer Lockerung der Verfahren ab. Lassen sich in diesem Zusammenhang Aufgaben für die Geschichtsdidaktik ableiten?
Thermal design and performance of the balloon-borne large aperture submillimeter telescope for polarimetry BLASTPol
Creators: name: Soler, J. D.
name: Ade, P. A. R.
name: Angilè, F. E.
name: Benton, S. J.
name: Devlin, M. J.
name: Dober, B.
name: Fissel, L. M.
name: Fukui, Y.
name: Galitzki, N.
name: Gandilo, N. N.
name: Klein, J.
name: Korotkov, A. L.
name: Matthews, T. G.
name: Moncelsi, L.
name: Mroczkowski, A.
name: Netterfield, C. B.
name: Novak, G.
name: Nutter, D.
name: Pascale, E.
name: Poidevin, F.
name: Savini, G.
name: Scott, D.
name: Shariff, J. A.
name: Thomas, N. E.
name: Truch, M. D.
name: Tucker, C. E.
name: Tucker, G. S.
name: Ward-Thompson, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the thermal model of the Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarimetry (BLASTPol). This instrument was successfully flown in two circumpolar flights from McMurdo, Antarctica in 2010 and 2012. During these two flights, BLASTPol obtained unprecedented information about the magnetic field in molecular clouds through the measurement of the polarized thermal emission of interstellar dust grains. The thermal design of the experiment addresses the stability and control of the payload necessary for this kind of measurement. We describe the thermal modeling of the payload including the sun-shielding strategy. We present the in-flight thermal performance of the instrument and compare the predictions of the model with the temperatures registered during the flight. We describe the difficulties of modeling the thermal behavior of the balloon-borne platform and establish landmarks that can be used in the design of future balloon-borne instruments.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures. Presented at SPIE Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes V, June 23, 2014. To be published in Proceedings of SPIE Volume 9145
Control of high precision roll-to-roll manufacturing systems
Creators: name: Zheng, Grant
name: 0000-0001-6108-5034
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2018
Subjects: Roll-to-roll manufacturing
MIMO control
Tension observer

description: The flexible electronic industry has been growing rapidly over the past decade. One of the barriers to commercialization is the high cost of manufacturing micro- and nano-scale printed electronics using traditional methods. Roll-to-roll manufacturing has been identified as a method of achieving low cost and high throughput. A dynamic model of a roll-to-roll system is presented. In all roll-to-roll applications, tension and velocity must be accurately controlled to desired reference trajectories to ensure a quality finished product. Additionally, a registration error model is presented for the control design. Minimization of the registration is the primary objective for flexible electronics, but web tension and velocity cannot be neglected. The model is needed in order to formulate a methodology that can simultaneously control tension, velocity, and registration error in the presence of disturbances. Micro and nano-scale features are susceptible to damage from friction between the web and the roller. Therefore, tension estimation techniques is highly desired to eliminate load cells from the system. The reduced order observer, extended Kalman filter, and an unknown input observer is presented. Development of tension and velocity control strategies have historically revolved around decentralized SISO control schemes. In order to achieve higher precision, a centralized MIMO strategy is proposed and compared to decentralized SISO. The advantage of the MIMO controller improved handling of the tension velocity coupling in roll-to-roll systems. The tension observer is introduced to the control design and evaluated for overall effectiveness. In simulation, the centralized MIMO control with the unknown input observer demonstrated superior tension and velocity tracking as well as minimal registration error. Development of the proposed MIMO control strategy can enable flexible electronic fabrication using roll-to-roll manufacturing.
The Massively Multilingual Natural Language Understanding 2022 (MMNLU-22) Workshop and Competition
Creators: name: Hench, Christopher
name: Peris, Charith
name: FitzGerald, Jack
name: Rottmann, Kay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite recent progress in Natural Language Understanding (NLU), the creation of multilingual NLU systems remains a challenge. It is common to have NLU systems limited to a subset of languages due to lack of available data. They also often vary widely in performance. We launch a three-phase approach to address the limitations in NLU and help propel NLU technology to new heights. We release a 52 language dataset called the Multilingual Amazon SLU resource package (SLURP) for Slot-filling, Intent classification, and Virtual assistant Evaluation, or MASSIVE, in an effort to address parallel data availability for voice assistants. We organize the Massively Multilingual NLU 2022 Challenge to provide a competitive environment and push the state-of-the art in the transferability of models into other languages. Finally, we host the first Massively Multilingual NLU workshop which brings these components together. The MMNLU workshop seeks to advance the science behind multilingual NLU by providing a platform for the presentation of new research in the field and connecting teams working on this research direction. This paper summarizes the dataset, workshop and the competition and the findings of each phase.
description: 5 pages
Adult attachment and mental health : the mediation role of emotion regulation
Creators: name: Haner, Morgynn Lynn
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2018
Subjects: Emotion regulation
Attachment
Mental health

description: It is well established in the literature that attachment style is related to mental health. However, theory and research suggest that attachment style does not exert its influence on adults’ mental health directly, but rather that it influences mental health due to its influence on a number of mediating variables. The current study tested the hypothesis that emotion regulation mediates the link between adult attachment and mental health. Five hundred and eighty-five college undergraduates completed an online survey consisting of measures of attachment style, rumination, experiential avoidance, perspective taking, distress, and wellbeing. Structural equation models tested hypotheses and perspective taking partially mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and distress. With replications, these findings suggest promoting adaptive emotion regulation strategies in anxiously attached adults.
Hyperentanglement of divalent neutral atoms by Rydberg blockade
Creators: name: Shi, Xiao-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyperentanglement~(HE), the simultaneous entanglement between two particles in more than one degrees of freedom, is relevant to both fundamental physics and quantum technology. Previous study on HE has been focusing on photons. Here, we study HE in individual neutral atoms. In most alkaline-earth-like atoms with two valence electrons and a nonzero nuclear spin, there are two stable electronic states, the ground state and the long-lived clock state, which can define an electronic qubit. Meanwhile, their nuclear spin states can define a nuclear qubit. By the Rydberg blockade effect, we show that the controlled-Z~(C$_{\text{Z}}$) operation can be generated in the electronic qubits of two nearby atoms, and simultaneously in their nuclear qubits as well, leading to a C$_{\text{Z}}\otimes$C$_{\text{Z}}$ operation which is capable to induce HE. The possibility to induce HE in individual neutral atoms offers new opportunities to study quantum science and technology based on neutral atoms.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Temnothorax tenuisculptus
Creators: name: Prebus, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Temnothorax
Temnothorax tenuisculptus

description: tenuisculptus group overview This group is monotypic, with the nominal Temnothorax tenuisculptus being the only member. The range of this species as we currently understand it is small, restricted to the low elevations of the Southern Sierra Madre and Los Tuxtlas in southern Mexico (Fig. 169H). It is morphologically similar to the members of the augusti group and is contained within its geographical range. Unlike the members of the augusti group, the petiolar node of T. tenuisculptus is erect, not leaning posteriorly. This species is sister to the annexus group (Prebus, in prep.).
description: Published as part of Prebus, Matthew M., 2021, Taxonomic revision of the Temnothorax salvini clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key to the clades of New World Temnothorax, pp. 1-462 in PeerJ (e 11514) (e 11514) 9 on page 441, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11514, http://zenodo.org/record/5102026
Mechano-sysntesis and structural, magnetic and thermal characterization of $α$-Fe nanoparticles embedded in a Wüstite matrix
Creators: name: Batista, S. O. S.
name: Morales, M. A.
name: Santos, W. C. dos
name: Iglesias, C. A.
name: Baggio-Saitovitch, E.
name: Carriço, A. S.
name: Bohn, F.
name: de Medeiros, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic materials for specific applications require an accurate control and complete comprehension of their magnetic properties. In particular, nanoparticles embedded in a polycrystalline matrix emerge as good candidates for applications due to the possibility of tuning the magnetic properties through interface interaction effects. Here, iron/wüstite composite is prepared using high energy mechanical milling from iron powder and water. The sample is analyzed by X-ray diffraction, dynamic laser light scattering, Mössbauer spectroscopy, field cooling and zero field cooling curves, magnetization curves, and magnetic hyperthermia. Based on the results, we identify that the produced sample is like Fe nanoparticles embedded in a wüstite matrix, with high stability in time, and shows noticeable features such as exchange bias effect at low temperatures and promising temperatures reached in a short time interval when considered magnetic hyperthermia, $\sim 46\,^\circ$C, becoming an interesting candidate for biological applications, such as the one employed for cancer therapy.
description: 6 figures
Impact of atrial fibrillation on the cardiovascular system through a lumped-parameter approach
Creators: name: Scarsoglio, Stefania
name: Guala, Andrea
name: Camporeale, Carlo
name: Ridolfi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia affecting millions of people in the Western countries and, due to the widespread impact on the population and its medical relevance, is largely investigated in both clinical and bioengineering sciences. However, some important feedback mechanisms are still not clearly established. The present study aims at understanding the global response of the cardiovascular system during paroxysmal AF through a lumped-parameter approach, which is here performed paying particular attention to the stochastic modeling of the irregular heartbeats and the reduced contractility of the heart. AF can be here analyzed by means of a wide number of hemodynamic parameters and avoiding the presence of other pathologies, which usually accompany AF. Reduced cardiac output with correlated drop of ejection fraction and decreased amount of energy converted to work by the heart during blood pumping, as well as higher left atrial volumes and pressures are some of the most representative results aligned with the existing clinical literature and here emerging during acute AF. The present modeling, providing new insights on cardiovascular variables which are difficult to measure and rarely reported in literature, turns out to be an efficient and powerful tool for a deeper comprehension and prediction of the arrythmia impact on the whole cardiovascular system.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2014, Print ISSN: 0140-0118, Online ISSN: 1741-0444
Advanced imaging of biopolymer networks and filaments to resolve structure, filament-level mechanics, and cell-matrix interactions
Creators: name: Lissek, Emanuel Norbert
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biophysics
Biopolymer filaments
Biopolymer networks
Collagen
Nanoscale imaging
Scanning probe microscopy
Thermal Noise Imaging
Activity Microscopy

description: The extracellular matrix (ECM) makes up the environment of many cells in our body and gives tissues their stability. It is comprised of highly non-linear fibrous biopolymer networks which display unique mechanical properties, such as stiffening by several orders of magnitude under strain. Cells interact with individual filaments of these networks, exploiting their properties to communicate and orient themselves, while migrating through the extracellular space. Its mechanical properties in turn profoundly influence the fate of cells. The cell-matrix interaction, however, is not well understood due to a lack of experimental techniques to both study the mechanical interplay between cells and their local environment on the single filament length scale, and quantify the contribution of single filaments to the large-scale network properties. To address this need, two novel microscopy techniques are described. First, quantitative Thermal Noise Imaging (TNI), a three-dimensional scanning probe technique which relies on a trapped nanoparticle as the probe. TNI is capable of imaging soft, optically heterogeneous and porous matter, with submicroscopic spatial resolution in aqueous solution. TNI images of both collagen fibrils in a network and grafted microtubules are shown, and it is demonstrated that structures can be localized with a precision of ~ 10nm. As a direct consequence of the work done with TNI, Activity Microscopy (aMic), a new way to visualize local network mechanics with single filament resolution is also introduced. Fibril positions in large two-dimensional slices through a collagen network with nanometer precision are localized, and fibrils' transverse thermal fluctuations with megahertz bandwidth along their contour are quantified. The fibrils' thermal fluctuations are then used as an indicator for their tension. The network displays a heterogeneous stress distribution, where “cold" fibrils with small thermal fluctuations surround regions of highly fluctuating “hot" fibrils. Finally, HeLa cells are seeded into the collagen network and the anisotropy in the propagation of their forces is quantified. While the data shown is limited to collagen, aMic will be of significant use when studying the mechanics of other fibrous networks and their application to artificial tissue and organ growth
Score-based Generative Modeling Secretly Minimizes the Wasserstein Distance
Creators: name: Kwon, Dohyun
name: Fan, Ying
name: Lee, Kangwook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Score-based generative models are shown to achieve remarkable empirical performances in various applications such as image generation and audio synthesis. However, a theoretical understanding of score-based diffusion models is still incomplete. Recently, Song et al. showed that the training objective of score-based generative models is equivalent to minimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence of the generated distribution from the data distribution. In this work, we show that score-based models also minimize the Wasserstein distance between them under suitable assumptions on the model. Specifically, we prove that the Wasserstein distance is upper bounded by the square root of the objective function up to multiplicative constants and a fixed constant offset. Our proof is based on a novel application of the theory of optimal transport, which can be of independent interest to the society. Our numerical experiments support our findings. By analyzing our upper bounds, we provide a few techniques to obtain tighter upper bounds.
Controlling the 2DEG states evolution at a metal/Bi$_2$Se$_3$ interface
Creators: name: Noh, Han-Jin
name: Jeong, Jinwon
name: Cho, En-Jin
name: Park, Joonbum
name: Kim, Jun Sung
name: Kim, Ilyou
name: Park, Byeong-Gyu
name: Kim, Hyeong-Do
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have demonstrated that the evolution of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system at an interface of metal and the model topological insulator (TI) Bi$_2$Se$_3$ can be controlled by choosing an appropriate kind of metal elements and by applying a low temperature evaporation procedure. In particular, we have found that only topological surface states (TSSs) can exist at a Mn/Bi$_2$Se$_3$ interface, which would be useful for implementing an electric contact with surface current channels only. The existence of the TSSs alone at the interface was confirmed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Based on the ARPES and core-level x-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements, we propose a cation intercalation model to explain our findings.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Fast atom-photon entangling gates with a superconducting coplanar waveguide
Creators: name: Shi, Xiao-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement between atoms and microwave photons in a superconducting coplanar waveguide~(SCW) can enable hybrid quantum devices and interface static and flying qubits. We study a one-step controlled-Z~(C$_{\text{Z}}$) gate between a neutral atom trapped near a SCW and a microwave mode in the SCW, which is an extension of the gate proposed in [J. D. Pritchard, et.al., Phys. Rev. A 89, 010301(R) (2014)]. The gate protocol is simple and requires one laser pulse for exciting a transition between the ground and Rydberg states of the neutral atom.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Truncated path algebras are homologically transparent
Creators: name: Dugas, A.
name: Huisgen-Zimmermann, B.
name: Learned, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G10, 16E10, 16G20

description: It is shown that path algebras modulo relations of the form $Λ= KQ/I$, where $Q$ is a quiver, $K$ a coefficient field, and $I \subseteq KQ$ the ideal generated by all paths of a given length, can be readily analyzed homologically, while displaying a wealth of phenomena. In particular, the syzygies of their modules, and hence their finitistic dimensions, allow for smooth descriptions in terms of $Q$ and the Loewy length of $Λ$. The same is true for the distributions of projective dimensions attained on the irreducible components of the standard parametrizing varieties for the modules of fixed $K$- dimension.
Generation of vector beams with liquid crystal disclination lines
Creators: name: Čančula, Miha
name: Ravnik, Miha
name: Žumer, Slobodan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report that guiding light beams, ranging from continuous beams to femtosecond pulses, along liquid crystal defect lines can transform them into vector beams with various polarization profiles. Using Finite Difference Time Domain numerical solving of Maxwell equations, we confirm that the defect in the orientational order of the liquid crystal induces a defect in the light field with twice the winding number of the liquid crystal defect, coupling the topological invariants of both fields. For example, it is possible to transform uniformly-polarized light into light with a radial polarization profile. Our approach also correctly yields a zero-intensity region near the defect core, which is always present in areas of discontinuous light polarization or phase. Using circularly polarized incident light, we show that defects with non-integer winding numbers can be obtained, where topological constants are preserved by phase vortices, demonstrating coupling between the light's spin, orbital angular momentum and polarization profile. Further, we find an ultrafast femtosecond laser pulse travelling along a defect line splits into multiple intensity regions, again depending on the defect's winding number, allowing applications in beam steering and filtering. Finally, our approach describing generation of complex optical fields via coupling with topological defect lines in optically birefringent nematic fluids can be easily extended to high-intensity beams that affect nematic ordering.
Etude probabiliste des p-quotients de Fermat
Creators: name: Gras, Georges
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a fixed integer a>1, we suggest that the probability of nullity of the p-Fermat quotient q(p,a) is much lower than 1/p for any arbitrary large prime number p. For this we use various heuristics, justified by means of numerical computations and analytical results, which may imply the finiteness of the q(p,a) equal to 0 and the existence of integers a such that q(p,a) is different from 0 for all p. However no proofs are obtained concerning these heuristics.
description: Texte en fran\c{c}ais de 23 pages ; programmes PARI
Community Time-Activity Trajectory Modelling based on Markov Chain Simulation and Dirichlet Regression
Creators: name: Xia, Chen
name: Hu, Yuqing
name: Chen, Jianli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Accurate modeling of human time-activity trajectory is essential to support community resilience and emergency response strategies such as daily energy planning and urban seismic vulnerability assessment. However, existing modeling of time-activity trajectory is only driven by socio-demographic information with identical activity trajectories shared among the same group of people and neglects the influence of the environment. To further improve human time-activity trajectory modeling, this paper constructs community time-activity trajectory and analyzes how social-demographic and built environment influence people s activity trajectory based on Markov Chains and Dirichlet Regression. We use the New York area as a case study and gather data from American Time Use Survey, Policy Map, and the New York City Energy & Water Performance Map to evaluate the proposed method. To validate the regression model, Box s M Test and T-test are performed with 80% data training the model and the left 20% as the test sample. The modeling results align well with the actual human behavior trajectories, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. It also shows that both social-demographic and built environment factors will significantly impact a community's time-activity trajectory. Specifically, 1) Diversity and median age both have a significant influence on the proportion of time people assign to education activity. 2) Transportation condition affects people s activity trajectory in the way that longer commute time decreases the proportion of biological activity (eg. sleeping and eating) and increases people s working time. 3) Residential density affects almost all activities with a significant p-value for all biological needs, household management, working, education, and personal preference.
description: to be published in Computers, Environment and Urban System
REBALANCING DISRUPTIVE BUSINESS OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS WITHIN DEMOCRATIC AND INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP PROCESSES- REVIEW WORKING PAPER
Creators: name: Antonella Angelini
name: Yorgancioglu Ayse
name: Tim Bartley
name: Nadia Bernaz
name: Flaviano Bianchini
name: Flora Panna Biro
name: Ignas Bruder
name: Rachele Cavara
name: Luciana Oranges Cezarino
name: Andrew Crane
name: Elisa Giuliani
name: Maria-Therese Gustafsson
name: Tamara Horbachevska
name: Iatridis Kostas
name: Chiara Macchi
name: Johanna Mair
name: Sébastien Mena
name: Anna Moretti
name: John Murray
name: Federica Nieri
name: Andjela Pavlovic
name: Francesco Rullani
name: Olena Uvarova
name: Zena Al-Esia
name: Francesco Zirpoli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Human Rights
Lobbying
Corporate Social Responsibility
Democratization
Democratic processes
Multinational enterprises
Democratic institutions

description: The objective of this Report is to provide a comprehensive literature review on the mutual relationship between business organizations and democracy, drawing from management, business ethics, sociology, international law, and other relevant disciplines mastered by the project’s partners. The interdisciplinary review serves first to provide the understanding of previous research on how democratic institutions regulate economic actors, how economic actors, especially large multinational corporations (MNCs) resist such regulation, and how they develop behaviors and economic models that challenge democratic governance, such as business-related human rights violations. In the first part of the review, we focus on the past and present of the business-democracy nexus. Further, the Report explores how companies can build a better future for democracy by filling the voids left by governments that do not protect citizens’ rights, as in the case of populist governments, and also by developing alternative business models, such as social enterprises (SEs) and cross-sector partnerships, as well as by contributing to democratic governance and promoting participatory 4 principles. The last section of the Report undertakes a bibliometric analysis (co-authorship, co-citation and keyword co-occurrence maps) based on key references used by team members as part of their literature reviews. This is meant to examine the connections existing among the different strands of research underpinning each RQ of the Rebalance Project.
Detailed structural and topological analysis of SnBi2Te4 single crystal
Creators: name: Saxena, Ankush
name: Karn, N. K.
name: Sharma, M. M.
name: Awana, V. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report herein the successful synthesis of the topological material SnBi2Te4 in single-crystal form. Phase purity and unidirectional growth are evident from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns acquired from a powdered sample and a crystal flake. The crystalline morphology has also been visualized by acquiring a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) image. The crystal has been thoroughly characterized by means of Raman spectroscopy and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The topological properties of SnBi2Te4 have been probed through magneto-transport measurements. SnBi2Te4 has been found to exhibit a small but non-saturating magneto-resistance (MR) up to 12 T. The low-field magnetoconductivity (MC) of SnBi2Te4 at 2 K can be well explained through the Hikami Larkin Nagaoka (HLN) formalism, which confirms the presence of a weak anti-localization (WAL) effect in its crystal. Moreover, the non-trivial topological character has been evidenced through first-principles calculations using density functional theory (DFT), with and without spin-orbit coupling (SOC) protocols. A significant change in the bulk electronic band structure is observed upon the inclusion of SOC parameters, signifying the topological properties of SnBi2Te4. Its topological non-trivial character has also been verified through the calculation of Z2 invariants and the surface states spectrum in the (111) plane.
description: 24 Pages TEXT + Figs: J. Phys. Chem. Solids
Generic representation theory of quivers with relations
Creators: name: Babson, E.
name: Huisgen-Zimmermann, B.
name: Thomas, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G20, 16G10

description: The irreducible components of varieties parametrizing the finite dimensional representations of a finite dimensional algebra $Λ$ are explored, with regard to both their geometry and the structure of the modules they encode. Provided that the base field is algebraically closed and has infinite transcendence degree over its prime field, we establish the existence and uniqueness (not up to isomorphism, but in a strong sense to be specified) of a generic module for any irreducible component $\mathcal C$, that is, of a module which displays all categorically defined generic properties of the modules parametrized by $\mathcal C$; the crucial point of the existence statement - a priori almost obvious - lies in the description of such a module in a format accessible to representation-theoretic techniques. Our approach to generic modules over path algebras modulo relations, by way of minimal projective resolutions, is largely constructive. It is explicit for large classes of algebras of wild type. We follow with an investigation of the properties of such generic modules in terms of quiver and relations. The sharpest specific results on all fronts are obtained for truncated path algebras, that is, for path algebras of quivers modulo ideals generated by all paths of a fixed length; this class of algebras extends the comparatively thoroughly studied hereditary case, displaying many novel features.
Site-dependent hydrogenation on graphdiyne
Creators: name: Autreto, P. A. S.
name: de Sousa, J. M.
name: Galvao, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene is one of the most important materials in science today due to its unique and remarkable electronic, thermal and mechanical properties. However in its pristine state, graphene is a gapless semiconductor, what limits its use in transistor electronics. In part due to the revolution created by graphene in materials science, there is a renewed interest in other possible graphene-like two-dimensional structures. Examples of these structures are graphynes and graphdiynes, which are two-dimensional structures, composed of carbon atoms in sp2 and sp-hybridized states. Graphdiynes (benzenoid rings connecting two acetylenic groups) were recently synthesized and some of them are intrinsically nonzero gap systems. These systems can be easily hydrogenated and the relative level of hydrogenation can be used to tune the band gap values. We have investigated, using fully reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF), the structural and dynamics aspects of the hydrogenation mechanisms of graphdiyne membranes. Our results showed that the hydrogen bindings have different atom incorporation rates and that the hydrogenation patterns change in time in a very complex way. The formation of correlated domains reported to hydrogenated graphene is no longer observed in graphdiyne cases.
description: Submitted to Carbon
REBALANCING DISRUPTIVE BUSINESS OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS WITHIN DEMOCRATIC AND INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP PROCESSES- REVIEW WORKING PAPER
Creators: name: Angelini, Antonella
name: Yorgancioglu Ayse
name: Bartley, Tim
name: Bernaz, Nadia
name: Bianchini, Flaviano
name: Biro, Flora Panna
name: Bruder, Ignas
name: Cavara, Rachele
name: Cezarino, Luciana Oranges
name: Crane, Andrew
name: Giuliani, Elisa
name: Maria-Therese Gustafsson
name: Horbachevska, Tamara
name: Iatridis Kostas
name: Macchi, Chiara
name: Mair, Johanna
name: Mena, Sébastien
name: Moretti, Anna
name: Murray, John
name: Nieri, Federica
name: Andjela Pavlovic
name: Rullani, Francesco
name: Uvarova, Olena
name: Al-Esia Zena
name: Zirpoli, Francesco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Human Rights
Lobbying
Corporate Social Responsibility
Democratization
Democratic processes
Multinational enterprises
Democratic institutions

description: The objective of this Report is to provide a comprehensive literature review on the mutual relationship between business organizations and democracy, drawing from management, business ethics, sociology, international law, and other relevant disciplines mastered by the project’s partners. The interdisciplinary review serves first to provide the understanding of previous research on how democratic institutions regulate economic actors, how economic actors, especially large multinational corporations (MNCs) resist such regulation, and how they develop behaviors and economic models that challenge democratic governance, such as business-related human rights violations. In the first part of the review, we focus on the past and present of the business-democracy nexus. Further, the Report explores how companies can build a better future for democracy by filling the voids left by governments that do not protect citizens’ rights, as in the case of populist governments, and also by developing alternative business models, such as social enterprises (SEs) and cross-sector partnerships, as well as by contributing to democratic governance and promoting participatory 4 principles. The last section of the Report undertakes a bibliometric analysis (co-authorship, co-citation and keyword co-occurrence maps) based on key references used by team members as part of their literature reviews. This is meant to examine the connections existing among the different strands of research underpinning each RQ of the Rebalance Project.
A convex solution to Psiaki's first joint attitude and spin-rate estimation problem
Creators: name: Saunderson, James
name: Parrilo, Pablo A.
name: Willsky, Alan S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of jointly estimating the attitude and spin-rate of a spinning spacecraft. Psiaki (J. Astronautical Sci., 57(1-2):73--92, 2009) has formulated a family of optimization problems that generalize the classical least-squares attitude estimation problem, known as Wahba's problem, to the case of a spinning spacecraft. If the rotation axis is fixed and known, but the spin-rate is unknown (such as for nutation-damped spin-stabilized spacecraft) we show that Psiaki's problem can be reformulated exactly as a type of tractable convex optimization problem called a semidefinite optimization problem. This reformulation allows us to globally solve the problem using standard numerical routines for semidefinite optimization. It also provides a natural semidefinite relaxation-based approach to more complicated variations on the problem.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
ADEV: Sound Automatic Differentiation of Expected Values of Probabilistic Programs
Creators: name: Lew, Alexander K.
name: Huot, Mathieu
name: Staton, Sam
name: Mansinghka, Vikash K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optimizing the expected values of probabilistic processes is a central problem in computer science and its applications, arising in fields ranging from artificial intelligence to operations research to statistical computing. Unfortunately, automatic differentiation techniques developed for deterministic programs do not in general compute the correct gradients needed for widely used solutions based on gradient-based optimization. In this paper, we present ADEV, an extension to forward-mode AD that correctly differentiates the expectations of probabilistic processes represented as programs that make random choices. Our algorithm is a source-to-source program transformation on an expressive, higher-order language for probabilistic computation, with both discrete and continuous probability distributions. The result of our transformation is a new probabilistic program, whose expected return value is the derivative of the original program's expectation. This output program can be run to generate unbiased Monte Carlo estimates of the desired gradient, which can then be used within the inner loop of stochastic gradient descent. We prove ADEV correct using logical relations over the denotations of the source and target probabilistic programs. Because it modularly extends forward-mode AD, our algorithm lends itself to a concise implementation strategy, which we exploit to develop a prototype in just a few dozen lines of Haskell (https://github.com/probcomp/adev).
description: to appear at POPL 2023
Predicting Energy Consumption of Ground Robots On Uneven Terrains
Creators: name: Wei, Minghan
name: Isler, Volkan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optimizing energy consumption for robot navigation in fields requires energy-cost maps. However, obtaining such a map is still challenging, especially for large, uneven terrains. Physics-based energy models work for uniform, flat surfaces but do not generalize well to these terrains. Furthermore, slopes make the energy consumption at every location directional and add to the complexity of data collection and energy prediction. In this paper, we address these challenges in a data-driven manner. We consider a function which takes terrain geometry and robot motion direction as input and outputs expected energy consumption. The function is represented as a ResNet-based neural network whose parameters are learned from field-collected data. The prediction accuracy of our method is within 12% of the ground truth in our test environments that are unseen during training. We compare our method to a baseline method in the literature: a method using a basic physics-based model. We demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms it by more than 10% measured by the prediction error. More importantly, our method generalizes better when applied to test data from new environments with various slope angles and navigation directions.
A data-driven methodology for prioritizing traffic signal retiming operations
Creators: name: Dunn, Michael Robert
name: 0000-0001-6640-7362
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2018
Subjects: Ranking
Prioritization
Traffic signal retiming
Operations
Corridor performance
Probe vehicle data
Adaptive signal control
Candidate corridors

description: Signal retiming is one of the chief responsibilities of municipal transportation agencies and is an important means for reducing congestion and improving transportation quality and reliability. Many agencies conduct signal retiming and adjustment in a schedule-based manner. However, leveraging a data-driven, need-based approach to the prioritization of signal retiming operations could better optimize use of agency resources. Additionally, the growing availability of probe vehicle data has made it an increasingly popular tool for use in roadway performance measurement. This thesis presents a methodology for utilizing segment-level probe-based speed data to rank the performance of traffic signal corridors for retiming purposes. This methodology is then demonstrated in an analysis of 79 traffic signal corridors maintained by the City of Austin, Texas. The analysis considers 15-minute speed records for all weekdays in September 2016 and September 2017 to compute metrics and rank corridors based on their relative performance across time periods. The results show that the ranking methodology compares corridors equitably despite differences in road length, functional class, and traffic signal density. Additionally, results indicate that the corridors prioritized by the ranking methodology represent a much greater potential for improving travel time than the corridors selected under the schedule-based approach. This methodology is then packaged into a web-based tool for integration into agency decision-making. Finally, consideration is given to how this methodology might be used to identify candidate corridors for implementing adaptive signal control techniques.
Ribbon Turbulence
Creators: name: Venaille, Antoine
name: Nadeau, Louis-Philippe
name: Vallis, Geoffrey K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the non-linear equilibration of a two-layer quasi-geostrophic flow in a channel forced by an imposed unstable zonal mean flow, paying particular attention to the role of bottom friction. In the limit of low bottom friction, classical theory of geostrophic turbulence predicts an inverse cascade of kinetic energy in the horizontal with condensation at the domain scale and barotropization on the vertical. By contrast, in the limit of large bottom friction, the flow is dominated by ribbons of high kinetic energy in the upper layer. These ribbons correspond to meandering jets separating regions of homogenized potential vorticity. We interpret these result by taking advantage of the peculiar conservation laws satisfied by this system: the dynamics can be recast in such a way that the imposed mean flow appears as an initial source of potential vorticity levels in the upper layer. The initial baroclinic instability leads to a turbulent flow that stirs this potential vorticity field while conserving the global distribution of potential vorticity levels. Statistical mechanical theory of the 1-1/2 layer quasi-geostrophic model predict the formation of two regions of homogenized potential vorticity separated by a minimal interface. We show that the dynamics of the ribbons results from a competition between a tendency to reach this equilibrium state, and baroclinic instability that induces meanders of the interface. These meanders intermittently break and induce potential vorticity mixing, but the interface remains sharp throughout the flow evolution. We show that for some parameter regimes, the ribbons act as a mixing barrier which prevent relaxation toward equilibrium, favouring the emergence of multiple zonal jets.