cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Diffusion and Volume Maximization-Based Clustering of Hyperspectral Images
Creators: name: Polk, Sam L.
name: Cui, Kangning
name: Chan, Aland H. Y.
name: Coomes, David A.
name: Plemmons, Robert J.
name: Murphy, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hyperspectral images taken from aircraft or satellites contain information from hundreds of spectral bands, within which lie latent lower-dimensional structures that can be exploited for classifying vegetation and other materials. A disadvantage of working with hyperspectral images is that, due to an inherent trade-off between spectral and spatial resolution, they have a relatively coarse spatial scale, meaning that single pixels may correspond to spatial regions containing multiple materials. This article introduces the Diffusion and Volume maximization-based Image Clustering (D-VIC) algorithm for unsupervised material clustering to address this problem. By directly incorporating pixel purity into its labeling procedure, D-VIC gives greater weight to pixels that correspond to a spatial region containing just a single material. D-VIC is shown to outperform comparable state-of-the-art methods in extensive experiments on a range of hyperspectral images, including land-use maps and highly mixed forest health surveys (in the context of ash dieback disease), implying that it is well-equipped for unsupervised material clustering of spectrally-mixed hyperspectral datasets.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures
Purification of SLC12A2 from Expi293FTM Cells
Creators: name: David B. Sauer
name: Huanyu Li
name: Sagar Raturi
name: Andreea Scacioc
name: Tina Bohstedt
name: Abilasha Balakrishnan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Protocol

description: This protocol is used to purify the SLC transporter expressed in Expi293FTM Cells using detergent solubilization followed by a series of different chromatographic methods. Depending on the nature of the expression construct and experimental requirements, the GFP tag can be removed using a proteolytic reaction.
Performance of Compressive Parameter Estimation via K-Median Clustering
Creators: name: Mo, Dian
name: Duarte, Marco F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Compressive sensing (CS) has attracted significant attention in parameter estimation tasks, where parametric dictionaries (PDs) collect signal observations for a sampling of the parameter space and yield sparse representations for signals of interest when the sampling is dense. While this sampling also leads to high dictionary coherence, one can leverage structured sparsity models to prevent highly coherent dictionary elements from appearing simultaneously in the recovered signal. However, the resulting approaches depend heavily on the careful setting of the maximum allowable coherence; furthermore, their guarantees are not concerned with general parameter estimation performance. We propose the use of earth mover's distance (EMD), as applied to a pair of true and estimated PD coefficient vectors, to measure the parameter estimation error. We formally analyze the connection between the EMD and the parameter estimation error and show that the EMD provides a better-suited metric for parameter estimation performance than the Euclidean distance. Additionally, we analyze the previously described relationship between K-median clustering and EMD-optimal sparse approximation and leverage it to develop improved PD-based parameter estimation algorithms. Finally, our numerical experiments verify our theoretical results and show that the proposed compressive parameter estimation algorithms have improved performance over existing approaches.
description: 41 pages, 8 figures; revision includes additional discussions and experiment
Quasi-Fuchsian, Riemannian, and Word Metrics on Surface Groups
Creators: name: Fricker, Ethan Edward
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: We examine three particular constructions of left invariant metrics on the fundamental group of a closed orientable surface of genus at least 2. The metrics considered are those arising from quasi-Fuchsian representations of the group, Riemannian metrics of negative curvature on the surface, and word metrics on the group with respect to some finite generating set. We investigate the geometry of such metric spaces up to bounded changes, and we refer to this as coarse geometric perspective. The main result is that our three examples are distinct in this setting.
Racial discrimination, racial/ethnic segregation, and health behaviors in the CARDIA study
Creators: name: Kiefe, Catarina I.
name: Williams, David R.
name: Diez-Roux, Ana V.
name: Borrell, Luisa N.
name: Gordon-Larsen, Penny
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Racial discrimination has been associated with unhealthy behaviors, but the mechanisms responsible for these associations are not understood and may be related to residential racial segregation. We investigated associations between self-reported racial discrimination and health behaviors before and after controlling for individual- and neighborhood-level characteristics; and potential effect modification of these associations by segregation.
A comparative analysis of risk factors for stroke in blacks and whites: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study
Creators: name: Gottesman, Rebecca
name: Bushnell, Cheryl
name: Huxley, Rachel R.
name: Lutsey, Pamela L.
name: Rosamond, Wayne
name: Folsom, Aaron
name: Shahar, Eyal
name: Bell, Elizabeth J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Previous studies have speculated that the higher stroke incidence rate in blacks compared with whites may be due, in part, to stroke risk factors exerting a more adverse effect among blacks than whites. To determine whether such racial differences exist we compared the prospective associations between novel, traditional and emerging stroke risk factors in blacks and whites.
Symptoms of depression and their management among low-income African-American and White mothers in the rural South
Creators: name: Cadigan, R. Jean
name: Skinner, Debra
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This study examines experiences of depressive symptoms among a group of 32 low-income African American and White mothers of young children who resided in rural eastern North Carolina, USA.
title: Johann Jakob Bremi
title: ein gehörloser Drechslermeister und Naturforscher in Zürich
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 1858
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Zürich
subject: Dübendorf

description: Christlicher Volksbote aus Basel, Nr. 5, 1858
Yukawa Unification and Sparticle Spectroscopy in Gauge Mediation Models
Creators: name: Gogoladze, Ilia
name: Mustafayev, Azar
name: Shafi, Qaisar
name: Un, Cem Salih
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the implications of t-b-tau (and b-tau) Yukawa coupling unification condition on the fundamental parameter space and sparticle spectroscopy in the minimal gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (mGMSB) model. We find that this scenario prefers values of the CP-odd Higgs mass m_A > 1 TeV, with all colored sparticle masses above 3 TeV. These predictions will be hard to test at LHC13 but they may be testable at HE-LHC 33 TeV or a 100 TeV collider. Both t-b-tau and b-tau Yukawa coupling unifications prefer a relatively light gravitino with mass < 30 eV, which makes it a candidate hot dark matter particle. However, it cannot account for more than 15 % of the observed dark matter density.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures and 1 table
Dipolar Magnetic Interactions and A-type Antiferromagnetic Order in the Zintl Phase Insulator EuZn2P2
Creators: name: Berry, Tanya
name: Stewart, Veronica J.
name: Redemann, Benjamin W. Y.
name: Lygouras, Chris
name: Varnava, Nicodemos
name: Vanderbilt, David
name: McQueen, Tyrel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zintl phases, containing strongly covalently bonded frameworks with separate ionically bonded ions, have emerged as a critical materials family in which to couple magnetism and strong spin-orbit coupling to drive diverse topological phases of matter. Here we report the single-crystal synthesis, magnetic, thermodynamic, transport, and theoretical properties of the Zintl compound EuZn2P2 that crystallizes in the anti-La2O3 P-3m1 structure, containing triangular layers of Eu2+ ions. In-plane resistivity measurements reveal insulating behavior with an estimated bandgap of Eg=0.11eV. Comparing Eu magnetic ordering temperatures across trigonal EuM2X2 (M=divalent metal, X=pnictide) shows that EuZn2P2 exhibits the highest ordering temperature, with variations in TN correlating with changes in expected dipolar interaction strengths within and between layers and independent of the magnitude of electrical conductivity. These results provide experimental validation of the cytochemical intuition that the cation Eu2+ layers and the anionic (M2X2)2- framework can be treated as electronically distinct subunits, enabling further predictive materials design.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dap1p, a Novel DNA Damage Response Protein Related to the Mammalian Membrane-Associated Progesterone Receptor
Creators: name: Craven, R. J.
name: Bard, M.
name: Hand, R. A.
name: Jia, N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: The response to damage is crucial for cellular survival, and eukaryotic cells require a broad array of proteins for an intact damage response. We have found that the YPL170W (DAP1 [for damage response protein related to membrane-associated progesterone receptors]) gene is required for growth in the presence of the methylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The DAP1 open reading frame shares homology with a broadly conserved family of membrane-associated progesterone receptors (MAPRs). Deletion of DAP1 leads to sensitivity to MMS, elongated telomeres, loss of mitochondrial function, and partial arrest in sterol synthesis. Sensitivity of dap1 strains to MMS is not due to loss of damage checkpoints. Instead, dap1 cells are arrested as unbudded cells after MMS treatment, suggesting that Dap1p is required for cell cycle progression following damage. Dap1p also directs resistance to itraconazole and fluconazole, inhibitors of sterol synthesis. We have found that dap1 cells have slightly decreased levels of ergosterol but increased levels of the ergosterol intermediates squalene and lanosterol, indicating that dap1 cells have a partial defect in sterol synthesis. This is the first evidence linking a MAPR family member to sterol regulation or the response to damage, and these functions are probably conserved in a variety of eukaryotes.
Additional file 9: of Concordance analysis of microarray studies identifies representative gene expression changes in Parkinson’s disease: a comparison of 33 human and animal studies
Creators: name: Oerton, Erin
name: Bender, Andreas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Heatmap of differential gene expression in Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and brain tumor studies. (PDF 348 kb)
Polarization effects in double open-charm production at LHCb
Creators: name: Echevarria, Miguel G.
name: Kasemets, Tomas
name: Mulders, Piet J.
name: Pisano, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double open-charm production is one of the most promising channels to disentangle single from double parton scattering (DPS) and study different properties of DPS. Several studies of the DPS contributions have been made. A missing ingredient so far has been the study of polarization effects, arising from spin correlations between the two partons inside an unpolarized proton. We investigate the impact polarization has on the double open-charm cross section. We show that the longitudinally polarized gluons can give significant contributions to the cross section, but for most of the considered kinematic region only have a moderate effect on the shape. We compare our findings to the LHCb data in the D0D0 final state, identify observables where polarization does have an impact on the distribution of the final state particles, and suggest measurements which could lead to first experimental indications of, or limits on, polarization in DPS.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
title: Hive and Field Mortality of Honey Bees in Northern Utah Due to Effects of Certain Ecological and Chemical Factors
Creators: name: Ma, Shih Chun
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1950

description: The honey bee is the most important pollinating insect in Utah, because various important crops such as fruits, legumes, and vegetable seed crops depend chiefly on it for pollination. In the past, honey bees have suffered repeated severe death losses through contact with arsenic and other agricultural chemicals. Recently the newer insecticides, such as DDT, chlordane, parathion, benzene hexachloride, lindane, toxaphene, and several kinds of miticides have further complicated the problem of bee survival. In addition, natural enemies such as predators and parasites and some unfavorable environmental conditions, including unfavorable temperature and humidity, wind, storm, and other changeable weather conditions, have also been causes of adult bee losses. Bees dead from natural and non-chemical conditions are here referred to as "normal mortality." In order to learn more concerning the normal mortality of bees, studies of the causes of bee losses, both in the hive and field, are necessary.
$L_{p}$-improving convolution operators on finite quantum groups
Creators: name: Wang, Simeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 20G42, 46L89. Secondary: 43A22, 46L30, 46L51

description: We characterize positive convolution operators on a finite quantum group $\mathbb{G}$ which are $L_{p}$-improving. More precisely, we prove that the convolution operator $T_φ:x\mapstoφ\star x$ given by a state $φ$ on $C(\mathbb{G})$ satisfies \[ \exists1
description: 20 pages. Final version. Minor corrections
Limitations of variational quantum algorithms: a quantum optimal transport approach
Creators: name: De Palma, Giacomo
name: Marvian, Milad
name: Rouzé, Cambyse
name: França, Daniel Stilck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The impressive progress in quantum hardware in the last years has raised the interest of the quantum computing community in harvesting the computational power of such devices. However, in the absence of error correction, these devices can only reliably implement very shallow circuits or comparatively deeper circuits at the expense of a nontrivial density of errors. In this work, we obtain extremely tight limitation bounds for standard NISQ proposals in both the noisy and noiseless regimes, with or without error-mitigation tools. The bounds limit the performance of both circuit model algorithms, such as QAOA, and also continuous-time algorithms, such as quantum annealing. In the noisy regime with local depolarizing noise $p$, we prove that at depths $L=\mathcal{O}(p^{-1})$ it is exponentially unlikely that the outcome of a noisy quantum circuit outperforms efficient classical algorithms for combinatorial optimization problems like Max-Cut. Although previous results already showed that classical algorithms outperform noisy quantum circuits at constant depth, these results only held for the expectation value of the output. Our results are based on newly developed quantum entropic and concentration inequalities, which constitute a homogeneous toolkit of theoretical methods from the quantum theory of optimal mass transport whose potential usefulness goes beyond the study of variational quantum algorithms.
description: Close to the published version
Histone H3 K36 Methylation Is Associated with Transcription Elongation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Creators: name: Tsukamoto, Y.
name: Grewal, S. I. S.
name: Warren, E.
name: Shibata, Y.
name: Strahl, B. D.
name: Temple, B.
name: Morris, S. A.
name: Noma, K.-i.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Set2 methylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (K36) has recently been shown to be associated with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) elongation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, whether this modification is conserved and associated with transcription elongation in other organisms is not known. Here we report the identification and characterization of the Set2 ortholog responsible for K36 methylation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We find that similar to the budding yeast enzyme, S. pombe Set2 is also a robust nucleosome-selective H3 methyltransferase that is specific for K36. Deletion of the S. pombe set2+ gene results in complete abolishment of K36 methylation as well as a slow-growth phenotype on plates containing synthetic medium. These results indicate that Set2 is the sole enzyme responsible for this modification in fission yeast and is important for cell growth under stressed conditions. Using the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrate that K36 methylation in S. pombe is associated with the transcribed regions of Pol II-regulated genes and is devoid in regions that are not transcribed by Pol II. Consistent with a role for Set2 in transcription elongation, we find that S. pombe Set2 associates with the hyperphosphorylated form of Pol II and can fully rescue K36 methylation and Pol II interaction in budding yeast cells deleted for Set2. These results, along with our finding that K36 methylation is highly conserved among eukaryotes, imply a conserved role for this modification in the transcription elongation process.
Atlas of solar hidden photon emission
Creators: name: Redondo, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hidden photons, gauge bosons of a U(1) symmetry of a hidden sector, can constitute the dark matter of the universe and a smoking gun for large volume compactifications of string theory. In the sub-eV mass range, a possible discovery experiment consists on searching the copious flux of these particles emitted from the Sun in a helioscope setup à la Sikivie. In this paper, we compute the flux of transversely polarised HPs from the Sun, a necessary ingredient for interpreting such experiments. We provide a detailed exposition of photon-HP oscillations in inhomogenous media, with special focus on resonance oscillations, which play a leading role in many cases. The region of the Sun emitting HPs resonantly is a thin spherical shell for which we justify an averaged-emission formula and which implies a distinctive morphology of the angular distribution of HPs on Earth in many cases. Low mass HPs with energies in the visible and IR have resonances very close to the photosphere where the solar plasma is not fully ionised and requires building a detailed model of solar refraction and absorption. We present results for a broad range of HP masses (from 0-1 keV) and energies (from the IR to the X-ray range), the most complete atlas of solar HP emission to date.
description: 45 pages, 18 figures
Methylation of Histone H3 Lysine 36 Is Required for Normal Development in Neurospora crassa
Creators: name: Selker, E. U.
name: Morris, S. A.
name: Adhvaryu, K. K.
name: Strahl, B. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The SET domain is an evolutionarily conserved domain found predominantly in histone methyltransferases (HMTs). The Neurospora crassa genome includes nine SET domain genes (set-1 through set-9) in addition to dim-5, which encodes a histone H3 lysine 9 HMT required for DNA methylation. We demonstrate that Neurospora set-2 encodes a histone H3 lysine 36 (K36) methyltransferase and that it is essential for normal growth and development. We used repeat induced point mutation to make a set-2 mutant (set-2RIP1) with multiple nonsense mutations. Western analyses revealed that the mutant lacks SET-2 protein and K36 methylation. An amino-terminal fragment that includes the AWS, SET, and post-SET domains of SET-2 proved sufficient for K36 HMT activity in vitro. Nucleosomes were better substrates than free histones. The set-2RIP1 mutant grows slowly, conidiates poorly, and is female sterile. Introducing the wild-type gene into the mutant complemented the defects, confirming that they resulted from loss of set-2 function. We replaced the wild-type histone H3 gene (hH3) with an allele producing a Lys to Leu substitution at position 36 and found that this hH3K36L mutant phenocopied the set-2RIP1 mutant, confirming that the observed defects in growth and development result from inability to methylate K36 of H3. Finally, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation to demonstrate that actively transcribed genes in Neurospora crassa are enriched for H3 methylated at lysines 4 and 36. Taken together, our results suggest that methylation of K36 in Neurospora crassa is essential for normal growth and development.
Genome-Scale Analysis Reveals Sst2 as the Principal Regulator of Mating Pheromone Signaling in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Creators: name: Siderovski, D. P.
name: Dohlman, H. G.
name: Parnell, S. C.
name: Flanary, P.
name: Hao, N.
name: Cha, J. Y.
name: Chasse, S. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: A common property of G protein-coupled receptors is that they become less responsive with prolonged stimulation. Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS proteins) are well known to accelerate G protein GTPase activity and do so by stabilizing the transition state conformation of the G protein α subunit. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae there are four RGS-homologous proteins (Sst2, Rgs2, Rax1, and Mdm1) and two Gα proteins (Gpa1 and Gpa2). We show that Sst2 is the only RGS protein that binds selectively to the transition state conformation of Gpa1. The other RGS proteins also bind Gpa1 and modulate pheromone signaling, but to a lesser extent and in a manner clearly distinct from Sst2. To identify other candidate pathway regulators, we compared pheromone responses in 4,349 gene deletion mutants representing nearly all nonessential genes in yeast. A number of mutants produced an increase (sst2, bar1, asc1, and ygl024w) or decrease (cla4) in pheromone sensitivity or resulted in pheromone-independent signaling (sst2, pbs2, gas1, and ygl024w). These findings suggest that Sst2 is the principal regulator of Gpa1-mediated signaling in vivo but that other proteins also contribute in distinct ways to pathway regulation.
Metasurface-enhanced Light Detection and Ranging Technology
Creators: name: Martins, Renato Juliano
name: Marinov, Emil
name: Youssef, M. Aziz Ben
name: Kyrou, Christina
name: Joubert, Mathilde
name: Colmagro, Constance
name: Gâté, Valentin
name: Turbil, Colette
name: Coulon, Pierre-Marie
name: Turover, Daniel
name: Khadir, Samira
name: Giudici, Massimo
name: Klitis, Charalambos
name: Sorel, Marc
name: Genevet, Patrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deploying advanced imaging solutions to robotic and autonomous systems by mimicking human vision requires simultaneous acquisition of multiple fields of views, named the peripheral and fovea regions. Low-resolution peripheral field provides coarse scene exploration to direct the eye to focus to a highly resolved fovea region for sharp imaging. Among 3D computer vision techniques, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is currently considered at the industrial level for robotic vision. LiDAR is an imaging technique that monitors pulses of light at optical frequencies to sense the space and to recover three-dimensional ranging information. Notwithstanding the efforts on LiDAR integration and optimization, commercially available devices have slow frame rate and low image resolution, notably limited by the performance of mechanical or slow solid-state deflection systems. Metasurfaces (MS) are versatile optical components that can distribute the optical power in desired regions of space. Here, we report on an advanced LiDAR technology that uses ultrafast low FoV deflectors cascaded with large area metasurfaces to achieve large FoV and simultaneous peripheral and central imaging zones. This technology achieves MHz frame rate for 2D imaging, and up to KHz for 3D imaging, with extremely large FoV (up to 150°deg. on both vertical and horizontal scanning axes). The use of this disruptive LiDAR technology with advanced learning algorithms offers perspectives to improve further the perception capabilities and decision-making process of autonomous vehicles and robotic systems.
description: 25pages, 18 figures. Including supplementary materials
title: The contribution of firm profits to the recent rise in inflation
Creators: name: Bouras, Panagiotis
name: Bustamante, Christian
name: Guo, Xing
name: Short, Jacob
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2023

description: We measure the contribution to inflation from the growth in markups of Canadian firms. The dynamics of inflation and markups suggest that changes in markups could account for less than one-tenth of inflation in 2021. Further, they suggest that peak inflation was driven primarily by changes in the costs of firms.
description: Nous mesurons la contribution de la croissance des marges bénéficiaires des entreprises canadiennes à l’inflation. La dynamique entre l’inflation et les marges bénéficiaires donne à penser que les variations de ces dernières pourraient avoir contribué à moins d’un dixième de l’inflation en 2021. Cette dynamique semble aussi indiquer qu’à son plus fort, l’inflation était surtout stimulée par les changements dans les coûts des entreprises.
Identification of PhIL1, a Novel Cytoskeletal Protein of the Toxoplasma gondii Pellicle, through Photosensitized Labeling with 5-[125I]Iodonaphthalene-1-Azide
Creators: name: Gilk, S. D.
name: Murray, J. M.
name: Hu, K.
name: Beckers, C. J. M.
name: Raviv, Y.
name: Ward, G. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The pellicle of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a unique triple bilayer structure, consisting of the plasma membrane and two tightly apposed membranes of the underlying inner membrane complex. Integral membrane proteins of the pellicle are likely to play critical roles in host cell recognition, attachment, and invasion, but few such proteins have been identified. This is in large part because the parasite surface is dominated by a family of abundant and highly immunogenic glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, which has made the identification of non-GPI-linked proteins difficult. To identify such proteins, we have developed a radiolabeling approach using the hydrophobic, photoactivatable compound 5-[125I]iodonaphthalene-1-azide (INA). INA can be activated by photosensitizing fluorochromes; by restricting these fluorochromes to the pellicle, [125I]INA labeling will selectively target non-GPI-anchored membrane-embedded proteins of the pellicle. We demonstrate here that three known membrane proteins of the pellicle can indeed be labeled by photosensitization with INA. In addition, this approach has identified a novel 22-kDa protein, named PhIL1 (photosensitized INA-labeled protein 1), with unexpected properties. While the INA labeling of PhIL1 is consistent with an integral membrane protein, the protein has neither a transmembrane domain nor predicted sites of lipid modification. PhIL1 is conserved in apicomplexan parasites and localizes to the parasite periphery, concentrated at the apical end just basal to the conoid. Detergent extraction and immunolocalization data suggest that PhIL1 associates with the parasite cytoskeleton.
Very large magnetoresistance in Fe$_{0.28}$TaS$_{2}$ single crystals
Creators: name: Hardy, Will J.
name: Chen, Chih-Wei
name: Marcinkova, A.
name: Ji, Heng
name: Sinova, Jairo
name: Natelson, D.
name: Morosan, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic moments intercalated into layered transition metal dichalcogenides are an excellent system for investigating the rich physics associated with magnetic ordering in a strongly anisotropic, strong spin-orbit coupling environment. We examine electronic transport and magnetization in Fe$_{0.28}$TaS$_{2}$, a highly anisotropic ferromagnet with a Curie temperature $T_{\mathrm{C}} \sim 68.8~$K. We find anomalous Hall data confirming a dominance of spin-orbit coupling in the magnetotransport properties of this material, and a remarkably large field-perpendicular-to-plane MR exceeding 60% at 2 K, much larger than the typical MR for bulk metals, and comparable to state-of-the-art GMR in thin film heterostructures, and smaller only than CMR in Mn perovskites or high mobility semiconductors. Even within the Fe$_x$TaS$_2$ series, for the current $x$ = 0.28 single crystals the MR is nearly $100\times$ higher than that found previously in the commensurate compound Fe$_{0.25}$TaS$_{2}$. After considering alternatives, we argue that the large MR arises from spin disorder scattering in the strong spin-orbit coupling environment, and suggest that this can be a design principle for materials with large MR.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted in PRB
Pheromone-Induced Degradation of Ste12 Contributes to Signal Attenuation and the Specificity of Developmental Fate
Creators: name: Errede, B.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Esch, R. K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The Ste12 transcription factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulates transcription programs controlling two different developmental fates. One is differentiation into a mating-competent form that occurs in response to mating pheromone. The other is the transition to a filamentous-growth form that occurs in response to nutrient deprivation. These two distinct roles for Ste12 make it a focus for studies into regulatory mechanisms that impart biological specificity. The transient signal characteristic of mating differentiation led us to test the hypothesis that regulation of Ste12 turnover might contribute to attenuation of the mating-specific transcription program and restrict activation of the filamentation program. We show that prolonged pheromone induction leads to ubiquitin-mediated destabilization and decreased amounts of Ste12. This depletion in pheromone-stimulated cultures is dependent on the mating-pathway-dedicated mitogen-activated protein kinase Fus3 and its target Cdc28 inhibitor, Far1. Attenuation of pheromone-induced mating-specific gene transcription (FUS1) temporally correlates with Ste12 depletion. This attenuation is abrogated in the deletion backgrounds (fus3Δ or far1Δ) where Ste12 is found to persist. Additionally, pheromone induces haploid invasion and filamentous-like growth instead of mating differentiation when Ste12 levels remain high. These observations indicate that loss of Ste12 reinforces the adaptive response to pheromone and contributes to the curtailing of a filamentation response.
Spacetime defects and group momentum space
Creators: name: Arzano, Michele
name: Trzesniewski, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study massive and massless conical defects in Minkowski and de Sitter spaces in various spacetime dimensions. The energy-momentum of a defect, considered as an (extended) relativistic object, is completely characterized by the holonomy of the connection associated with its spacetime metric. The possible holonomies are given by Lorentz group elements, which are rotations and null rotations for massive and massless defects respectively. In particular, if we fix the direction of propagation of a massless defect in n+1-dimensional Minkowski space, then its space of holonomies is a maximal abelian subgroup of the AN(n-1) group, which corresponds to the well known momentum space associated with the n-dimensional $κ$-Minkowski noncommutative spacetime and $κ$-deformed Poincaré algebra. We also conjecture that massless defects in n-dimensional de Sitter space can be analogously characterized by holonomies belonging to the same subgroup. This shows how group-valued momenta related to four-dimensional deformations of relativistic symmetries can arise in the description of motion of spacetime defects.
description: 11 pages, v2 main conclusion revised, presentation improved, references updated
Relationships Among Adolescent Health Promotion, Oral Health Perceptions and Behavior, and OHRQoL
Creators: name: Nunez, Christina Denise
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Purpose: The objective of this study was to test associations among adolescent health-promoting behaviors (AHPB); oral health knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors; and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a university-based dental setting. The null hypothesis was that there was no linear correlation between OHRQoL and other adolescent health behavior domains (r=0). Methods: Adolescent patients (age 11 to 17 years) were recruited at their initial or recall exam. They completed a survey that included the 21-question Adolescent Health Promotion-Short Form (AHP-SF), the 19-question Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form (COHIP-SF), and questions regarding oral health behaviors, knowledge, and promotion preferences. Statistical associations among constructs were tested by using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: 102 adolescents responded to the survey. The majority identified as male (48%), reported no health issues (91%), identified as Hispanic/Latino (64%) and were in early adolescence (68%). The most reported source of health information was health professionals (46%), followed by school (25%). The most commonly reported oral health promotion (OHP) technique was verbal lecture on hygiene and diet (33%). This was despite the largest proportion preferring to receive OHP via visual demonstration (35%) and reporting they believed this technique would “best help change their oral health for the better” (33%). Respondent OHRQoL (total COHIP score) was significantly correlated with oral health behavior (r=0.226, p=.022) and four adolescent health behaviors domains: social support (r=0.290, p=.004), life appreciation (r=0.327, p=.001), exercise (r=0.251, p=.012), and stress management (r=0.210, p=.037). Oral Health Knowledge was not significantly correlated with OHRQoL, oral health behavior, or adolescent health behavior domains. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the null hypothesis is rejected at α=.05. There are weak, but positive and significant correlations between OHRQoL, adolescent health behavior domains, and oral health behavior (r≠0). Findings suggest that adolescent OHP efforts should incorporate not only visual demonstration for oral hygiene, but also consider incorporating promotion of other health behavior domains (e.g. life appreciation) to positively impact OHRQoL.
The Cheeger constants of random Belyi surfaces
Creators: name: Shen, Yang
name: Wu, Yunhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Brooks and Makover developed a combinatorial model of random hyperbolic surfaces by gluing certain hyperbolic ideal triangles. In this paper we show that for any $ε>0$, as the number of ideal triangles goes to infinity, a generic hyperbolic surface in Brooks-Makover's model has Cheeger constant less than $\frac{3}{2π}+ε$.
description: International Mathematics Research Notices (IMRN), to appear
Regulation of Phosphoinositide Levels by the Phospholipid Transfer Protein Sec14p Controls Cdc42p/p21-Activated Kinase-Mediated Cell Cycle Progression at Cytokinesis
Creators: name: McMaster, C. R.
name: Bankaitis, V. A.
name: Fairn, G. D.
name: MacDonald, K.
name: Howe, A. G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Sec14p is an essential phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylinositol transfer protein with a well-described role in the regulation of Golgi apparatus-derived vesicular transport in yeast. Inactivation of the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine synthesis allows cells to survive in the absence of Sec14p function through restoration of Golgi vesicular transport capability. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells containing a SEC14 temperature-sensitive allele along with an inactivated CDP-choline pathway were transformed with a high-copy-number yeast genomic library. Genes whose increased expression inhibited cell growth in the absence of Sec14p function were identified. Increasing levels of the Rho GTPase Cdc42p and its direct effector kinases Cla4p and Ste20p prevented the growth of cells lacking Sec14p and CDP-choline pathway function. Growth suppression was accompanied by an increase in large and multiply budded cells. This effect on polarized cell growth did not appear to be due to an inability to establish cell polarity, since both the actin cytoskeleton and localization of the septin Cdc12p were unaffected by increased expression of Cdc42p, Cla4p, or Ste20p. Nuclei were present in both the mother cell and the emerging bud, consistent with Sec14p regulation of the cell cycle subsequent to anaphase but prior to cytokinesis/septum breakdown. Increased expression of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase prevented growth arrest by CDC42, CLA4, or STE20 upon inactivation of Sec14p function. Sec14p regulation of phosphoinositide levels affects cytokinesis at the level of the Cdc42p/Cla4p/Ste20p signaling cascade.
Leveraging RIS-Enabled Smart Signal Propagation for Solving Infeasible Localization Problems
Creators: name: Keykhosravi, Kamran
name: Denis, Benoit
name: Alexandropoulos, George C.
name: He, Zhongxia Simon
name: Albanese, Antonio
name: Sciancalepore, Vincenzo
name: Wymeersch, Henk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have tremendous potential for both communication and localization. While communication benefits are now well-understood, the breakthrough nature of the technology may well lie in its capability to provide location estimates when conventional approaches fail, (e.g., due to insufficient available infrastructure). A limited number of example scenarios have been identified, but an overview of possible RIS-enabled localization scenarios is still missing from the literature. In this article, we present such an overview and extend localization to include even user orientation or velocity. In particular, we consider localization scenarios with various numbers of RISs, single- or multi-antenna base stations, narrowband or wideband transmissions, and near- and farfield operation. Furthermore, we provide a short description of the general RIS operation together with radio localization fundamentals, experimental validation of a localization scheme with two RISs, as well as key research directions and open challenges specific to RIS-enabled localization and sensing.
A hybrid method without extrapolation step for solving variational inequality problems
Creators: name: Malitsky, Yu. V.
name: Semenov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47J20

description: In this paper, we introduce a new method for solving variational inequality problems with monotone and Lipschitz-continuous mapping in Hilbert space. The iterative process is based on two well-known projection method and the hybrid (or outer approximation) method. However we do not use an extrapolation step in the projection method. The absence of one projection in our method is explained by slightly different choice of sets in hybrid method. We prove a strong convergence of the sequences generated by our method.
Nuclear equation of state for arbitrary proton fraction and temperature based on chiral effective field theory and a Gaussian process emulator
Creators: name: Keller, J.
name: Hebeler, K.
name: Schwenk, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter at finite temperature based on chiral effective field theory interactions to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order. Our results assess the theoretical uncertainties from the many-body calculation and the chiral expansion. Using a Gaussian process emulator for the free energy, we derive the thermodynamic properties of matter through consistent derivatives and use the Gaussian process to access arbitrary proton fraction and temperature. This enables a first nonparametric calculation of the equation of state in beta equilibrium, and of the speed of sound and the symmetry energy at finite temperature. Moreover, our results show that the thermal part of the pressure decreases with increasing densities.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, minor updates and improvements, published version
title: Zur Erinnerung an Frau Marie Diethelm Geb. Diethelm
title: Geboren den 16. Juni 1855. Gestorben den 4. August 1912
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Orell Füssli Druck
Year: 1912
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf

description: Enthält: Lebensbeschrieb ; Trauerrede des Herrn Pfarrer Hans Bachofner, Zürich ; Ansprache des Herrn Pfarrer Samuel Oettli, Köniz.
High-Energy Limit of Quantum Electrodynamics beyond Sudakov Approximation
Creators: name: Penin, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the high-energy behavior of the scattering amplitudes in quantum electrodynamics beyond the leading order of the small electron mass expansion in the leading logarithmic approximation. In contrast to the Sudakov logarithms, the mass-suppressed double-logarithmic radiative corrections are induced by a soft electron pair exchange and result in enhancement of the power-suppressed contribution. Possible applications of our result to the analysis of the high-energy processes in quantum chromodynamics is also discussed.
description: 4 pages, 8 figures, asymptotic formula corrected, conclusions unchanged
Complex moment-based methods for differential eigenvalue problems
Creators: name: Imakura, Akira
name: Morikuni, Keiichi
name: Takayasu, Akitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper considers computing partial eigenpairs of differential eigenvalue problems (DEPs) such that eigenvalues are in a certain region on the complex plane. Recently, based on a "solve-then-discretize" paradigm, an operator analogue of the FEAST method has been proposed for DEPs without discretization of the coefficient operators. Compared to conventional "discretize-then-solve" approaches that discretize the operators and solve the resulting matrix problem, the operator analogue of FEAST exhibits much higher accuracy; however, it involves solving a large number of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In this paper, to reduce the computational costs, we propose operation analogues of Sakurai-Sugiura-type complex moment-based eigensolvers for DEPs using higher-order complex moments and analyze the error bound of the proposed methods. We show that the number of ODEs to be solved can be reduced by a factor of the degree of complex moments without degrading accuracy, which is verified by numerical results. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed methods are over five times faster compared with the operator analogue of FEAST for several DEPs while maintaining almost the same high accuracy. This study is expected to promote the "solve-then-discretize" paradigm for solving DEPs and contribute to faster and more accurate solutions in real-world applications.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures
Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and gambling: a scoping review.
Creators: name: Dennie, Emma
name: Herbert, Annie
name: Sallis, Hannah
name: Rossi, Raffaello
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: ACEs
subject: Adverse Childhood Experiences
subject: Gambling
subject: Problematic Gambling
subject: Scoping Review

description: This scoping review will investigate the the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and gambling, including problematic gambling behaviours. This review will summarise the limited research available in this topic and will provide suggestions for further research