cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SPICY: The Spitzer/IRAC Candidate YSO Catalog for the Inner Galactic Midplane
Creators: name: Kuhn, Michael A.
name: de Souza, Rafael S.
name: Krone-Martins, Alberto
name: Castro-Ginard, Alfred
name: Ishida, Emille E. O.
name: Povich, Matthew S.
name: Hillenbrand, Lynne A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ~120,000 Spitzer/IRAC candidate young stellar objects (YSOs) based on surveys of the Galactic midplane between l~255 deg and 110 deg, including the GLIMPSE I, II, and 3D, Vela-Carina, Cygnus X, and SMOG surveys (613 square degrees), augmented by near-infrared catalogs. We employed a classification scheme that uses the flexibility of a tailored statistical learning method and curated YSO datasets to take full advantage of IRAC's spatial resolution and sensitivity in the mid-infrared ~3-9 micron range. Multi-wavelength color/magnitude distributions provide intuition about how the classifier separates YSOs from other red IRAC sources and validate that the sample is consistent with expectations for disk/envelope-bearing pre-main-sequence stars. We also identify areas of IRAC color space associated with objects with strong silicate absorption or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission. Spatial distributions and variability properties help corroborate the youthful nature of our sample. Most of the candidates are in regions with mid-IR nebulosity, associated with star-forming clouds, but others appear distributed in the field. Using Gaia DR2 distance estimates, we find groups of YSO candidates associated with the Local Arm, the Sagittarius-Carina Arm, and the Scutum-Centaurus Arm. Candidate YSOs visible to the Zwicky Transient Facility tend to exhibit higher variability amplitudes than randomly selected field stars of the same magnitude, with many high-amplitude variables having light-curve morphologies characteristic of YSOs. Given that no current or planned instruments will significantly exceed IRAC's spatial resolution while possessing its wide-area mapping capabilities, Spitzer-based catalogs such as ours will remain the main resources for mid-infrared YSOs in the Galactic midplane for the near future.
description: Published in ApJS. 42 pages, 3 tables, and 28 figures (including 4 figure sets). Some column names in Table 1 have been modified to match the published version, but data remain unchanged. For convenience, copies of the tables can be accessed at https://sites.astro.caltech.edu/~mkuhn/SPICY/
The Cosmological Significance of High-Velocity Cloud Complex H
Creators: name: Simon, Joshua D.
name: Blitz, Leo
name: Cole, Andrew A.
name: Weinberg, Martin D.
name: Cohen, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used infrared and radio observations to search for a dwarf galaxy associated with the high-velocity cloud (HVC) known as Complex H. Complex H is a large (> 400 deg^2) and probably nearby (d = 27 kpc) HVC whose location in the Galactic plane has hampered previous investigations of its stellar content. The HI mass of the cloud is 2.0 x 10^7 (d/27 kpc)^2 Msun, making Complex H one of the most massive HVCs if its distance is > ~20 kpc. Virtually all similar HI clouds in other galaxy groups are associated with LSB dwarf galaxies. We selected mid-IR MSX sources in the direction of Complex H that appeared likely to be star-forming regions and observed them at the wavelength of the CO 1-0 transition. 59 of the 60 observed sources show emission at Milky Way velocities, and we detected no emission at velocities consistent with that of Complex H. We use these observations to set an upper limit on the ongoing star formation rate in the HVC of < 5 x 10^-4 Msun yr^-1. We also searched the 2MASS database for evidence of any dwarf-galaxy-like stellar population in the direction of the HVC and found no trace of a distant red giant population, with an upper limit on the stellar mass of ~10^6 Msun. Given the lack of evidence for either current star formation or an evolved population, we conclude that Complex H cannot be a dwarf galaxy with properties similar to those of known dwarfs. Complex H is therefore one of the most massive known HI clouds without stars. If Complex H is self-gravitating, then it is one of the few known dark galaxy candidates. These findings may offer observational support for the idea that the Cold Dark Matter substructure problem is related to the difficulty of forming stars in low-mass dark matter halos; alternatively, Complex H could be an example of a cold accretion flow onto the Milky Way. [slightly abridged]
description: 16 pages, 7 figures (2 in color), 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Loss channels affecting lithium niobate phononic crystal resonators at cryogenic temperature
Creators: name: Wollack, E. Alex
name: Cleland, Agnetta Y.
name: Arrangoiz-Arriola, Patricio
name: McKenna, Timothy P.
name: Gruenke, Rachel G.
name: Patel, Rishi N.
name: Jiang, Wentao
name: Sarabalis, Christopher J.
name: Safavi-Naeini, Amir H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the performance of microwave-frequency phononic crystal resonators fabricated on thin-film lithium niobate for integration with superconducting quantum circuits. For different design geometries at millikelvin temperatures, we achieve mechanical internal quality factors $Q_i$ above $10^5 - 10^6$ at high microwave drive power, corresponding to $5\times10^6$ phonons inside the resonator. By sweeping the defect size of resonators with identical mirror cell designs, we are able to indirectly observe signatures of the complete phononic bandgap via the resonators' internal quality factors. Examination of quality factors' temperature dependence shows how superconducting and two-level system (TLS) loss channels impact device performance. Finally, we observe an anomalous low-temperature frequency shift consistent with resonant TLS decay and find that material choice can help to mitigate these losses.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Proposed Revision for Specification for Reflex-Reflective Materials for Highway Signs
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1954
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: There are several pertinent factors and considerations that have a direct bearing on the requirements contained in the attached Recommended Special Specification No. 50-R, and it seems appropriate to record them here as reference material either in support of the specification or as information.
Mine waste dump instability
Creators: name: Moffitt, Karen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Advancements in coal mining methods and rates have led to the production of larger volumes of waste rock. Consequently, large waste rock dumps in B.C. are currently being constructed by end-dumping to heights of up to 400 m with face angles of 37-38°. Segments of the foundation slopes underlying these mine dumps are frequently as steep as 30°. These developments have resulted in an increase in the frequency and size of waste dump failures that have not been adequately predicted or explained in terms of conventional slope stability analysis. Failure is often rapid with runout distances of up to 2 km causing increased concern within the industry over potential impacts to the environment and risks to the safety of personnel, equipment and infrastructure. A comprehensive review of documented field behaviour carried out for the purpose of this study has indicated common patterns of deformation that suggest the concept of a unique 'double wedge' mode of failure responsible for these large runout events. This study focuses on the development of a numerical model capable of capturing the commonly observed patterns of deformation, and investigating the development of the ensuing failure mechanism. Stressdeformation numerical analyses carried out using the computer code FLAC have yielded a good correlation with observed field behaviour and provided significant insight into the coincident stresses and deformations within the dump. Analyses indicate that while creep effects in the waste dump could cause significant effects on the magnitudes of displacement, the overall dump stability is governed by the strength of the foundation soils underlying the toe region. Consideration of both the stress and velocity fields within the framework of nonassociated plasticity leads to factors of safety for various dump heights and foundation slopes that are approximately 66% less than predicted from limit equilibrium analysis. The results suggest potential inadequacies of conventional limit equilibrium analysis techniques when applied to the stability and design of waste dumps on steeply sloping terrain.
Blown Mulch for Roadside Erosion Control
Creators: name: Taylor, Jason C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1954
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: In May 1954, the Division of Construction brought to the attention of the Research Division the fact that an effort was being made (for the first time in Kentucky) to revise the conventional manner of applying straw mulch to a seeded right-of-way. This innovation was to be achieved with the use of a recently-invented machine known as the "Finn Mulch Spreader", which is capable of mixing a straw mulch with some adhesive substance and then blowing the mixture onto the seeded area. The intent was to achieve a reasonably homogeneous mat-like structure composed of pieces of straw attached to each other by the adhesive material.
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (WRM) IN THE VENETO REGION: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Rosato, Paolo
name: Stellin, Giuseppe
name: Rosato, Paolo
name: Stellin, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The aim of this work is to illustrate the historical evolution of man's intervention in water resource management in the Veneto region in order to highlight, from both the technical and financial points of view, the ability of the institution of the consortia to join public and private interests and to adapt itself to the changing economical and social needs in this region.
An Investigation of Bituminous Coatings and Pavements on Corrugated Metal Culverts
Creators: name: West, Eugene M.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1954
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The object of this inspection was to determine the efficacy of bituminous coatings and paved inverts on corrugated metal pipe and culverts installed on Rural Secondary Projects during the past few years. The study originated after earlier investigations had led to recommendations concerning the resistance of various types of pipe and culvert materials in the presence of acid-bearing waters.
Resolvent-based estimation of turbulent channel flow using wall measurements
Creators: name: Amaral, Filipe R.
name: Cavalieri, André V. G.
name: Martini, Eduardo
name: Jordan, Peter
name: Towne, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ a resolvent-based methodology to estimate velocity and pressure fluctuations within turbulent channel flows at friction Reynolds numbers of approximately 180, 550 and 1000 using measurements of shear stress and pressure at the walls, taken from direct numerical simulation (DNS) databases. Martini et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 900, 2021, A2) showed that the resolvent-based estimator is optimal when the true space-time forcing statistics are utilized, thus providing an upper bound for the accuracy of any linear estimator. We use this framework to determine the flow structures that can be linearly estimated from wall measurements, and we characterize these structures and the estimation errors in both physical and wavenumber space. We also compare these results to those obtained using approximate forcing models - an eddy-viscosity model and white-noise forcing - and demonstrate the significant benefit of using true forcing statistics. All models lead to accurate results up to the buffer-layer, but only using the true forcing statistics allows accurate estimation of large-scale log-layer structures, with significant correlation between the estimates and DNS results throughout the channel. The eddy-viscosity model displays an intermediate behaviour, which may be related to its ability to partially capture the forcing colour. Our results show that structures that leave a footprint on the channel walls can be accurately estimated using the linear resolvent-based methodology, and the presence of large-scale wall-attached structures enables accurate estimations through the logarithmic layer.
description: 40 pages, 31 figures
Non-Keplerian spirals, a gas-pressure dust trap and an eccentric gas cavity in the circumbinary disc around HD 142527
Creators: name: Garg, Himanshi
name: Pinte, Christophe
name: Christiaens, Valentin
name: Price, Daniel
name: Lazendic, Jasmina
name: Boehler, Yann
name: Casassus, Simon
name: Marino, Sebastian
name: Perez, Sebastian
name: Zuleta, Andres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ALMA observations of the $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, C$^{18}$O J=2-1 transitions and the 1.3\,mm continuum emission for the circumbinary disc around HD 142527, at an angular resolution of $\approx$\,0\farcs3. We observe multiple spiral structures in intensity, velocity and velocity dispersion for the $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO gas tracers. A newly detected $^{12}$CO spiral originates from the dust horseshoe, and is rotating at super-Keplerian velocity or vertically ascending, whilst the inter-spiral gas is rotating at sub-Keplerian velocities. This new spiral possibly connects to a previously identified spiral, thus spanning > 360$^\circ$. A spatial offset of ~30 au is observed between the $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO spirals, to which we hypothesize that the gas layers are propagating at different speeds (``surfing'') due to a non-zero vertical temperature gradient. Leveraging the varying optical depths between the CO isotopologues, we reconstruct temperature and column density maps of the outer disc. Gas surface density peaks at r\,$\approx$\,180\,au, coincident with the peak of continuum emission. Here the dust grains have a Stokes number of $\approx$\,1, confirming radial and azimuthal trapping in the horseshoe. We measure a cavity radius at half-maximum surface density of $\approx$\,100\,au, and a cavity eccentricity between 0.3 and 0.45.
Slip, immiscibility and boundary conditions at the liquid-liquid interface
Creators: name: Koplik, Joel
name: Banavar, Jayanth R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conventional boundary conditions at the interface between two flowing liquids include continuity of the tangential velocity. We have tested this assumption with molecular dynamics simulations of Couette and Poiseuille flows of two-layered liquid systems, with various molecular structures and interactions. When the total liquid density near the interface drops significantly compared to the bulk values, the tangential velocity varies very rapidly there, and would appear discontinuous at continuum resolution. The value of this apparent slip is given by a Navier boundary condition.
description: Improved discussion of related work; to appear in Physical Review Letters
AN ARBITRAGE-FREE APPROACH TO QUASI-OPTION VALUE; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy
Creators: name: Coggins, Jay S.
name: Ramezani, Cyrus A.
name: Coggins, Jay S.
name: Ramezani, Cyrus A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In the presence of uncertainty and irreversibility, dynamic decision problems should not be solved using expected net present value analysis. The right to delay a decision can be valuable. We show that the value of this right equals Arrow and Fisher's (1974) quasi-option value. In a discrete model we show how to derive quasi-option value using methods from finance, methods that remove altogether the need to take expected values of future stochastic variables. Two main findings are presented. First, if the stochastic dynamic process underlying the problem is known, the Arrow and Fisher and Henry (1974) result that improper use of net present value leads to too much early development, is correct. Second, if the process is not known perfectly, their result can be incorrect in the sense that net present value methods lead to the correct outcome while the dynamic rule does not.
Dynamics of weakly coupled random antiferromagnetic quantum spin chains
Creators: name: Yusuf, Eddy
name: Yang, Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the low-energy collective excitations and dynamical response functions of weakly coupled random antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 chains. The interchain coupling leads to Neel order at low temperatures. We use the real-space renormalization group technique to tackle the intrachain couplings and treat the interchain couplings within the Random Phase Approximation (RPA). We show that the system supports collective spin wave excitations, and calculate the spin wave velocity and spectra weight within RPA. Comparisons will be made with inelastic neutron scattering experiments quasi-one-dimensional disordered spin systems such as doped CuGeO$_3$
description: 4 pages
Is a binary fraction-age relation responsible for the lack of EHB binaries in globular clusters?
Creators: name: Bidin, C. Moni
name: Catelan, M.
name: Altmann, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently-discovered lack of close binaries, among extreme horizontal branch (EHB) stars in Galactic globular clusters, has thus far constituted a major puzzle, in view of the fact that blue subdwarf stars - the field counterparts of cluster EHB stars - are well-known to present a high binary fraction. In this Letter, we provide new results that confirm the lack of close EHB binaries in globular clusters, and present a first scenario to explain the difference between field and cluster EHB stars. First, in order to confirm that the lack of EHB binaries in globular clusters is a statistically robust result, we undertook a new analysis of 145 horizontal branch stars in NGC6752, out of which forty-one belong to the EHB. To search for radial-velocity variations as a function of time, we repeated high-resolution (R=18500) spectroscopy of all stars, four times during a single night of observations. We detected a single, hot (25000 K), radial-velocity variable star as a close-binary candidate. From these results, we estimate an upper-limit for the close (period P < 5 day) binary fraction f among NGC6752 EHB stars of 16% (95% confidence level), with the most probable value being f=4%. Thus our results clearly confirm the lack of close binaries among the hot HB stars in this cluster. We suggest that the confirmed discrepancy between the binary fractions for field and cluster EHB stars is the consequence of an f-age relation, with close binaries being more likely in the case of younger systems. We analyze theoretical and observational results available in the literature, which support this scenario. If so, an age difference between the EHB progenitors in the field and in clusters, the former being younger (on average) by up to several Gyr, would naturally account for the startling differences in binary fraction between the two populations.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Lettersto the Editor
Isothermal spheres in general relativity and Horava-type gravity
Creators: name: Kan, Nahomi
name: Shiraishi, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a toy model for isothermal spheres in Horava gravity, which includes Einstein's gravity if a parameter is appropriately chosen. The equations for the isothermal spheres are derived from the partition function of the gravitating particle system. We confirm that the Newtonian limit of the system coincides with the model of the well-known isothermal sphere. The stability of the isothermal sphere is found to be sensitive to the energy density at the center of the sphere.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures. v5; almost matches the published version
INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY PATTERNS
Creators: name: Craig, Barbara J.
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Roseboom, Johannes
name: Craig, Barbara J.
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Roseboom, Johannes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: In this paper we present measures of land and labor productivity for a group of 98 developed and developing countries using an entirely new data set with annual observations spanning the past three decades. The substantial cross-country and intertemporal variation in productivity in our sample is linked to both natural and economic factors. We extend previous work by dealing with multiple sources of measurement error in conventional agricultural inputs when accounting for observed differences in productivity. In addition to the mix of conventional inputs in agriculture, we find that indicators of quality change in these inputs and the amount of publicly provided infrastructure are significant in explaining cross-sectional differences in productivity patterns.
Quark and lepton masses and mixing in the landscape
Creators: name: Donoghue, John F.
name: Dutta, Koushik
name: Ross, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even if quark and lepton masses are not uniquely predicted by the fundamental theory, as may be the case in the string theory landscape, nevertheless their pattern may reveal features of the underlying theory. We use statistical techniques to show that the observed masses appear to be representative of a scale invariant distribution, rho(m) ~ 1/m. If we extend this distribution to include all the Yukawa couplings, we show that the resulting CKM matrix elements typically show a hierarchical pattern similar to observations. The Jarlskog invariant measuring the amount of CP violation is also well reproduced in magnitude. We also apply this framework to neutrinos using the seesaw mechanism. The neutrino results are ambiguous, with the observed pattern being statistically allowed even though the framework does not provide a natural explanation for the observed two large mixing angles. Our framework highly favors a normal hierarchy of neutrino masses. We also are able to make statistical predictions in the neutrino sector when we specialize to situations consistent with the known mass differences and two large mixing angles. Within our framework, we show that with 95% confidence the presently unmeasured MNS mixing angle sin theta_{13} is larger than 0.04 and typically of order 0.1. The leptonic Jarlskog invariant is found to be typically of order 10^{-2} and the magnitude of the effective Majorana mass m_{ee} is typically of order 0.001 eV.
description: 32 pages, 17 figures, some references added
AOPDF-shaped optical parametric amplifier output in the visible
Creators: name: Monmayrant, A.
name: Arbouet, A.
name: Girard, B.
name: Chatel, B.
name: Barman, A.
name: Whitaker, B. J.
name: Kaplan, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time Shaping of ultrashort visible pulses has been performed using a specially designed Acousto-Optic Programmable Dispersive Filter of 50% efficiency at the output of a two-stage noncollinear optical parametric amplifier. The set-up is compact and reliable. It provides a tunable shaped source in the visible with unique features: 4 ps shaping window with preserved tunability over 500-650 nm, and pulses as short as 30 fs. Several $μ$J output energy is easily obtained.
Control of Four-Level Quantum Coherence via Discrete Spectral Shaping of an Optical Frequency Comb
Creators: name: Stowe, Matthew C.
name: Pe'er, Avi
name: Ye, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experiment demonstrating high-resolution coherent control of a four-level atomic system in a closed (diamond) type configuration. A femtosecond frequency comb is used to establish phase coherence between a pair of two-photon transitions in cold Rb atoms. By controlling the spectral phase of the frequency comb we demonstrate the optical phase sensitive response of the diamond system. The high-resolution state selectivity of the comb is used to demonstrate the importance of the signs of dipole moment matrix elements in this type of closed-loop excitation. Finally, the pulse shape is optimized resulting in a 256% increase in the two-photon transition rate by forcing constructive interference between the mode pairs detuned from an intermediate resonance.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures Submitted to Physical Review Letters
Lusztig's q-analogue of weight multiplicity and one-dimensional sums for affine root systems
Creators: name: Lecouvey, Cedric
name: Shimozono, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B37; 05E15; 81R10

description: In this paper we complete the proof of the X=K conjecture, that for every family of nonexceptional affine algebras, the graded multiplicities of tensor products of symmetric power Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules known as one-dimensional sums, have a large rank stable limit X that has a simple expression (called the K-polynomial) as nonnegative integer combination of Kostka-Foulkes polynomials. We consider a subfamily of Lusztig's q-analogues of weight multiplicity which we call stable KL polynomials and denote by KL. We give a type-independent proof that K=KL. This proves that X=KL: the family of stable one-dimensional sums coincides with family of stable KL polynomials. Our result generalizes the theorem of Nakayashiki and Yamada which establishes the above equality in the case of one-dimensional sums of affine type A and the Lusztig q-analogue of type A, where both are Kostka-Foulkes polynomials.
description: 28 pages; incorrect section 3.4 replaced
The role of irradiation, hydrides and precipitates on strain localisation in a zirconium alloy
Creators: name: Thomas, Rhys
name: Lunt, David
name: Atkinson, Michael
name: Quinta Da Fonseca, Joāo
name: Preuss, Michael
name: Honniball, Peter
name: Frankel, Philipp
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Presentation given at the BSSM 17th International Conference on Advances in Experimental Mechanics conference in Glasgow, Aug 2023
Fluctuation Theorems of Brownian Particles Controlled by a Maxwell's Demon
Creators: name: Kim, Kyung Hyuk
name: Qian, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stochastic dynamics of Brownian particles in a heat bath and subject to an active feedback control by an external, Maxwell's demon-like agent. The agent uses the information of the velocity of a particle and reduces its thermal agitation by applying a force. The entropy of the particle and the heat bath as a whole, thus, reduces. Entropy pumping [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 120602 (2004)] quantifies the entropy reduction. We discover that the entropy pumping has a dual role of work and heat contributing to free energy changes and entropy production of the open-system with the feedback control. Generalized Jarzynski equality and fluctuation theorems for work functional and entropy production are developed with the presence of the entropy pumping.
description: 4 pages
OPTIMUM NITROGEN USE UNDER GROUNDWATER POLLUTION CONSTRAINTS; Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN
Creators: name: Easter, K. William
name: Yadav, Satya N.
name: Easter, K. William
name: Yadav, Satya N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: In this paper we will try to address two questions. First, are farmers using the level of nitrogen that would maximize profits, and second, does the profit maximizing level of nitrogen use exceed the social optimum? In the latter case, we determine the optimal level of nitrogen use for continuous corn when the farmer must try to maintain the groundwater quality level at 10 ppm (the EPA safe drinking water standard). We conclude with recommendations concerning how to achieve the social optimum level of nitrogen use.
Of pNGB QuiNtessence
Creators: name: Kaloper, Nemanja
name: Sorbo, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the pNGB quintessence models, and point out that the reason why the large decay constants $f_a \ga {\cal O}(1)M_{Pl}$ are really needed is to tame a tachyonic instability present for a wide range of initial $vev$s. Starting very close to potential maxima does not help because quantum fluctuations during early inflation at a scale $H_I$ perturb the quintessence $vev$, displacing it from the maxima. This issue is quite interesting for pNGB dark energy in light of the recently discussed difficulties with embedding models with $f_a > M_{Pl}$ in fundamental theory. A possible way around is provided by models with several ultralight pNGBs, which can drive a short burst of very late inflation {\it together} even if all of their decay constants obey $f_a < M_{Pl}$. Starting with their $vev \sim f_a$, the pNGBs will hold each other up on the potential for a longer time period. Their effective dynamics is captured by a collective mode, containing admixtures of all of the rolling pNGBs, which behaves as an ultralight field with $f_{eff} > M_{Pl}$. We point out that there may be potentially observable large scale disturbances in the sea of dark energy in such models.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure
Teaching and learning special relativity theory in secondary and lower undergraduate education: A literature review
Creators: name: Alstein, Paul
name: Krijtenburg-Lewerissa, Kim
name: van Joolingen, Wouter R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review presents an overview and analysis of the body of research on special relativity theory (SRT) education at the secondary and lower undergraduate level. There is currently a growing international interest in implementing SRT in pre-university education as an introduction to modern physics. For this reason, insights into learning opportunities and challenges in SRT education are needed. The field of research in SRT education is still at an early stage, especially at the level of secondary education, and there is a shortage of empirical evaluation of learning outcomes. In order to guide future research directions, there is a need for an overview and synthesis of the results reported so far. We have selected 40 articles and categorized them according to reported learning difficulties, teaching approaches, and research tools. Analysis shows that students at all educational levels experience learning difficulties with the use of frames of reference, the postulates of SRT, and relativistic effects. In the reported teaching sequences, instructional materials, and learning activities, these difficulties are approached from different angles. Some teaching approaches focus on thought experiments to express conceptual features of SRT, while others use virtual environments to provide realistic visualization of relativistic effects. From the reported teaching approaches, three learning objectives can be identified: to foster conceptual understanding, to foster understanding of the history and philosophy of science, and to gain motivation and confidence toward SRT and physics in general. In order to quantitatively compare learning outcomes of different teaching strategies, a more thorough evaluation of assessment tools is required.
title: Geographies of Transgender Minority Stress
title: The Role Of US States in Shaping Transgender Mental Health
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Rawson, Zoey
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Geospatial Inequalities
Health Disparities
State Context
Structural Stigma
Transgender health
Gender studies

description: While researchers have made progress in discussing the effect of geographic context on sexual minority health, research into transgender health has been a recent development. To further our understanding, I used pairwise comparisons of means and proportions, along with weighted and survey-adjusted generalized ordered logistic regression with robust standard errors to evaluate the association between attitudinal context and mental health. Attitudinal context referred to whether someone lived in a state within in the bottom third (tolerant), middle third (average), or top third (intolerant) of states in relation to public support for anti-trans bathroom bills. There were 3 key findings. First, transgender adults had worse mental health outcomes regardless of the general attitudinal context. Second, the association between attitudinal context and adverse mental health outcomes was only significant when models did not adjust for interpersonal discrimination—showing that attitudinal context likely influences the degree of discrimination
description: experienced by any adult. Third, while the differential in mental health was not significantly different across contexts, the differences in mental health that did exist were only present for cisgender adults—meaning transgender adults did not benefit from living in more tolerant contexts.
Higgs--mediated K -> pi nu nu-bar in the MSSM at large tan(beta)
Creators: name: Isidori, G.
name: Paradisi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the impact of Higgs-mediated amplitudes on the rare decays KL -> pi0 nu nu-bar and K+ -> pi+ nu nu-bar in the MSSM with large tan(beta) and general flavour mixing. We point out that, going beyond the minimal flavour violation hypothesis, Z-penguin amplitudes generated by charged-Higgs exchange can induce sizable modifications of K -> pi nu nu-bar rates. Interestingly, these effects scale as tan^4(beta) at the amplitude level. For large values of tan(beta), this mechanism allows deviations from the SM expectations even for tiny (CKM-type) off-diagonal mixing terms in the right-handed squark sector.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
THE IMPACT OF INVENTORY ON TUNA PRICE: AN APPLICATION OF SCALING IN THE ROTTERDAM INVERSE DEMAND SYSTEM
Creators: name: Chiang, Fu-Sung
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Brown, Mark G.
name: Chiang, Fu-Sung
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Brown, Mark G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: scaling
subject: Rotterdam inverse demand system
subject: tuna
subject: inventory

description: This study adopted the scaling approach to examine the impacts of inventories on tuna auction prices in Japan using the Rotterdam inverse demand system. The inclusion of two inventory variables in the model only increases the number of parameters by two. Results indicate that frozen tunas are more likely to be close substitutes, fresh and frozen tunas of the same species are also likely to be substitutes, and inventory had significant impacts on auction prices.
Universal Quantum Computation with the nu=5/2 Fractional Quantum Hall State
Creators: name: Bravyi, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider topological quantum computation (TQC) with a particular class of anyons that are believed to exist in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect state at Landau level filling fraction nu=5/2. Since the braid group representation describing statistics of these anyons is not computationally universal, one cannot directly apply the standard TQC technique. We propose to use very noisy non-topological operations such as direct short-range interaction between anyons to simulate a universal set of gates. Assuming that all TQC operations are implemented perfectly, we prove that the threshold error rate for non-topological operations is above 14%. The total number of non-topological computational elements that one needs to simulate a quantum circuit with $L$ gates scales as $L(\log L)^3$.
description: 17 pages, 12 eps figures
Improved Treatment of Dark Matter Capture in Neutron Stars II: Leptonic Targets
Creators: name: Bell, Nicole F.
name: Busoni, Giorgio
name: Robles, Sandra
name: Virgato, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron stars harbour matter under extreme conditions, providing a unique testing ground for fundamental interactions. We recently developed an improved treatment of dark matter (DM) capture in neutron stars that properly incorporates many of the important physical effects, and outlined useful analytic approximations that are valid when the scattering amplitude is independent of the centre of mass energy. We now extend that analysis to all interaction types. We also discuss the effect of going beyond the zero-temperature approximation, which provides a boost to the capture rate of low mass dark matter, and give approximations for the dark matter up-scattering rate and evaporation mass. We apply these results to scattering of dark matter from leptonic targets, for which a correct relativistic description is essential. We find that the potential neutron star sensitivity to DM-lepton scattering cross sections greatly exceeds electron-recoil experiments, particularly in the sub-GeV regime, with a sensitivity to sub-MeV DM well beyond the reach of future terrestrial experiments.
description: 32 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, 2 appendices. References added, matches published version
Nonequilibrium theory of Coulomb blockade in open quantum dots
Creators: name: Brouwer, Piet W.
name: Lamacraft, Austen
name: Flensberg, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a non-equilibrium theory to describe weak Coulomb blockade effects in open quantum dots. Working within the bosonized description of electrons in the point contacts, we expose deficiencies in earlier applications of this method, and address them using a 1/N expansion in the inverse number of channels. At leading order this yields the self-consistent potential for the charging interaction. Coulomb blockade effects arise as quantum corrections to transport at the next order. Our approach unifies the phase functional and bosonization approaches to the problem, as well as providing a simple picture for the conductance corrections in terms of renormalization of the dot's elastic scattering matrix, which is obtained also by elementary perturbation theory. For the case of ideal contacts, a symmetry argument immediately allows us to conclude that interactions give no signature in the averaged conductance. Non-equilibrium applications to the pumped current in a quantum pump are worked out in detail.
description: Published version
Spin-independent effective mass in a valley-degenerate electron system
Creators: name: Gangadharaiah, Suhas
name: Maslov, Dmitrii L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a generic spin-polarized Fermi liquid, the masses of spin-up and spin-down electrons are expected to be different and to depend on the degree of polarization. This expectation is not confirmed by the experiments on two-dimensional heterostructures. We consider a model of an $N$-fold degenerate electron gas. It is shown that in the large-N limit, the mass is enhanced via a polaronic mechanism of emission/absorption of virtual plasmons. As plasmons are classical collective excitations, the resulting mass does not depend on $N$, and thus on polarization, to the leading order in 1/N. We evaluate the 1/N corrections and show that they are small even for N=2.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Testing and analysis of Midply(TM) Shear Wall System
Creators: name: Lungu, Dan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The thesis details a six-month period of experimental studies of the structural properties of the MIDPLY™ Wall System, which has being developed through a three-year testing program. The MIDPLY™ shear wall was invented by Dr. Erol Varoglu, formerly with Forintek Canada Corp. and Prof. S.F. Stiemer (University of British Columbia), US Patent US5782054: Wood wall structure. The system provides greater lateral resistance to earthquakes and high winds loads. The name MIDPLY™ refers to its configuration: the plywood or OSB panel is placed between the studs. The improved performance is due to this special rearrangement of wall framing components and sheathing used in standard shear walls. The new fabrication system uses typical building methods and standard building materials, but a prefabricated production may be desirable to ensure the quality of the product. The objective of the project is to establish the proof-of-concept for the MIDPLY™ Wall System, design and construction method. The structural properties are being developed through testing of full-scale specimens subjected to monotonic (ramp), cyclic and dynamic displacement schedules. Several anchoring techniques and hold-down connectors have been developed and tested. The tests were performed mainly on 2.44m x 2.44m and 1.22m x 2.44m MIDPLY™ shear walls. In the investigations covered by this thesis, were designed and tested 30 walls and were primarily studied: • Alternate hold-down connections that prevent the fracture of the end studs of the MIDPLY™ wall by using MSR lumber or inverted-triangle hold-downs with different bolt spacing, bolt diameters, hold-down length and placement along the stud. • Alternate hold-down connectors: steel rods and double shear hold-downs. • The performance of MIDPLY™ walls under pseudo-dynamic tests. • The performance of MIDPLY™ walls used as insert segments in standard shear walls. • The performance of MIDPLY™ walls with openings. Special attention was given to the connection details between header and MIDPLY™ walls to achieve desired pinor moment-connection. • The performance of MIDPLY™ walls affected by shrinkage. • The performance of repaired MIDPLY™ walls. One can conclude that, there are many real-life applications of the system, using the superior structural performance of the MIDPLY™ walls. Thus, future studies will conduct to a final package of design values needed for structural engineers, architects and designers.
NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS AND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY VALUES IN GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA
Creators: name: Espey, Molly
name: Owusu-Edusei, Kwame
name: Espey, Molly
name: Owusu-Edusei, Kwame
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: hedonic valuation
subject: open space
subject: urban parks
subject: value of parks

description: The effect on housing prices of proximity to different types of parks is estimated using a unique data set of single-family homes sold between 1990 and 1999 in Greenville, South Carolina. While the value of park proximity is found to vary with respect to park size and amenities, the estimates from this study are larger than previous studies. The greatest impact on housing values was found with proximity to small neighborhood parks, with the positive impact of proximity to both small and medium-size parks extending to homes as far as 1500 feet from the park.
d5-off-centering induced ferroelectric and magnetoelectric correlations in trirutile-Fe2TeO6
Creators: name: Pal, P.
name: Kaushik, S. D.
name: Badola, Shalini
name: Kuila, S.
name: Rajput, Parasmani
name: Saha, Surajit
name: Vishwakarma, P. N.
name: Singh, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the rare existence of d5 off-centering, weak ferroelectric polarization and demonstrate its correlation with observed magnetoelectric (ME) properties in the G type (TN~210 K) antiferromagnet Fe2TeO6 (FTO) compound. The origin of ferroelectricity (FE) is associated with both lattice and asymmetric electron density distribution around the ion cores. ME coupling is observed in magnetic field-dependent polarization, ME voltage, and magnetostrain measurements. Short-range magnetic ordering due to intrabilayer dimeric exchange coupling via the double oxygen bridged Fe-O1-Fe pathway is proposed to play a dominating role to exhibit the negative nonlinear magnetic field dependent ME behavior at 300 K. Interbilayer exchange via Fe-O2-Fe pathways dominantly determines the hysteretic nonlinear magnetic field dependent ME response below TN. The observed nonlinear ME coupling signifies magnetoelasticity as manifested in the temperature and magnetic field-dependent strain measurement. Hence the rare existence of ferroelectricity and magnetoelectric coupling by d5 ion is presented in FTO.
description: Manuscript contains 29 pages and 11 sets of figures
Continuous Evolution of the Fermi Surface of CeRu2Si2 across the Metamagnetic Transition
Creators: name: Daou, R.
name: Bergemann, C.
name: Julian, S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new, high resolution Hall effect and magnetoresistance measurements across the metamagnetic transition in the heavy fermion compound CeRu2Si2. The results force us to rethink the notion that the transition is accompanied by an abrupt f-electron localisation. Instead, we explain our data assuming a continuous change of the Fermi surface. We also point out ambiguities in the interpretation of dHvA data and give a possible solution to the problem of the "missing mass".
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett