cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Demand Side of Open Government Data: A Case Study of Kingdom of Bahrain
Creators: name: Katbi, Abdulkarim
name: AlAmmari, Jaflah
name: AlSoufi, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Governments around the world have realized the importance of Open Government Data (OGD) as a new paradigm shift in government that focuses on making governments more service-oriented, transparent, and competent. However, as with many countries, the situation of the OGD initiative in the Kingdom of Bahrain is not promising as reflected by a number of assessments that measure the implementation and progress of OGD worldwide. The current research aims at investing in the local situation regarding consuming and reusing OGD in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Specifically, this research assesses the level of citizen awareness towards OGD, determines citizens requirements of OGD, and identifies the key challenges and obstacles in using/reusing OGD. A questionnaire was developed to investigate the demand side of OGD. The findings show that serious and responsible efforts from the publishers of OGD, namely: Government Organizations are believed to be a necessity in order to progress the implementation process of the OGD initiative in the Kingdom of Bahrain.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, 7 tables, Journal
Household Behavior Under Market Failures: How Natural Resource Management in Agriculture Promotes Livestock Production in the Sahel
Creators: name: Dutilly-Diane, Celine
name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
name: De Janvry, Alain
name: Dutilly-Diane, Celine
name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
name: De Janvry, Alain
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: farm household model
subject: natural resource management
subject: Sahel

description: Improved water harvesting and soil erosion control using the remarkably simple practice of contour stone bunding is shown to increase grain yields by 41% in low rainfall regions of Burkina Faso. Empirical results show that yield increases in food crops help foodbuying farm households import substitute in food consumption, reduce livestock production, and increase seasonal migration which is more compatible with seasonal agriculture than with the yearlong livestock activity. Self-sufficient households, by contrast, can take advantage of higher yields to free resources from food production and allocate these to expand their livestock economy, thus benefiting more from the region's comparative advantage. We also show that greater effectiveness in cooperation in the management of common property resources helps increase income derived from livestock for all categories of households. However, not all forms of cooperation are effective. When cooperation is only formal, individual activities such as crops, non-agricultural employment, and seasonal migration are pursued as opposed to livestock activities that rely on effective community management of common property resources.
Effect of Sales on Brand Loyalty
Creators: name: Huang, Rui
name: Perloff, Jeffrey M.
name: Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto
name: Huang, Rui
name: Perloff, Jeffrey M.
name: Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: loyalty
subject: sales

description: Although many theoretical industrial organization models are based on the existence of a critical mass of exogenously "brand loyal" consumers, we find little empirical evidence supporting these assumptions in the orange juice retail market. There are very few loyal consumers. More importantly, the frequency with which stores conduct sales affects the share of loyal types so that loyalty is endogenous rather than exogenous. Households' demographics have statistically significant but economically minor effects on switching behavior. Switching across frozen and refrigerated states is very common, leading to more complicated substitution patterns and less loyalty than one observes looking at each state separately.
The Arbutus corridor : a feasibility study for public open space design
Creators: name: Maness, Alina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The north-south rail line known in Vancouver as the Arbutus corridor (Figure #1) is currently under-used but not yet abandoned, and its future use is in debate. As owner of the corridor, the Canadian Pacific Rail Co. has publicly announced its desire to change the corridor into a multi-use development. According to the wishes of residents and reflected in the City of Vancouver's policy, however, the corridor will be preserved for transportation use. An alternative design solution would be reactivating the rail line as a much needed north-south transit route, with an adjacent greenway for pedestrian and bike use, as a more responsible and sustainable vision for this corridor. The feasibility of this design, tested at a smaller scale in three Kitsilano neighbourhoods, revealed it is a viable solution. The issues surrounding this case study are the value of a fair public process to ensure a common vision; the validity of the policy preserving existing transportation corridors in urban areas; and the actual effect of rail transit and greenway upon the adjacent, as well the regional environs. Future directions are toward considering transit as a vital element in promoting sustainable communities.
The origins of nearly coplanar, non-resonant systems of close-in super-Earths
Creators: name: Esteves, Leandro
name: Izidoro, André
name: Raymond, Sean N.
name: Bitsch, Bertram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some systems of close-in "super-Earths" contain five or more planets on non-resonant but compact and nearly coplanar orbits. The Kepler-11 system is an iconic representative of this class of system. It is challenging to explain their origins given that planet-disk interactions are thought to be essential to maintain such a high degree of coplanarity, yet these same interactions invariably cause planets to migrate into chains of mean motion resonances. Here we mine a large dataset of dynamical simulations of super-Earth formation by migration. These simulations match the observed period ratio distribution as long as the vast majority of planet pairs in resonance become dynamically unstable. When instabilities take place resonances are broken during a late phase of giant impacts, and typical surviving systems have planet pairs with significant mutual orbital inclinations. However, a subset of our unstable simulations matches the Kepler-11 system in terms of coplanarity, compactness, planet-multiplicity and non-resonant state. This subset have dynamical instability phases typically much shorter than ordinary systems. Unstable systems may keep a high degree of coplanarity post-instability if planets collide at very low orbital inclinations ($\lesssim1^\circ$) or if collisions promote efficient damping of orbital inclinations. If planetary scattering during the instability takes place at low orbital inclinations ($\text{i}\lesssim1^\circ$), orbital inclinations are barely increased by encounters before planets collide.When planetary scattering pumps orbital inclinations to higher values ($\gtrsim 1^\circ$) planets tend to collide at higher mutual orbital inclinations, but depending on the geometry of collisions mergers' orbital inclinations may be efficiently damped. Each of these formation pathways can produce analogues to the Kepler-11 system.
description: Accepted by MNRAS, 9 pages, 10 figures, 1 appendix
Geometric bistellar flips. The setting, the context and a construction
Creators: name: Santos, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 52B11; Secondary 52B20

description: We give a self-contained introduction to the theory of secondary polytopes and geometric bistellar flips in triangulations of polytopes and point sets, as well as a review of some of the known results and connections to algebraic geometry, topological combinatorics, and other areas. As a new result, we announce the construction of a point set in general position with a disconnected space of triangulations. This shows, for the first time, that the poset of strict polyhedral subdivisions of a point set is not always connected.
description: 30 pages
The Future of IMF studies with the ELT and MICADO I: The local Universe as a resolved IMF laboratory
Creators: name: Leschinski, Kieran
name: Alves, João
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. In this work we aim to estimate the lowest stellar mass that MICADO at the ELT will be able to reliably detect given a stellar density and distance. We also show that instrumental effects that will play a critical role, and report the number of young clusters that will be accessible for IMF studies in the local Universe with the ELT. Methods. We used SimCADO, the instrument simulator package for the MICADO camera, to generate observations of 56 dense stellar regions with densities similar to the cores of young stellar clusters. We placed the cluster fields at distances between 8 kpc and 5 Mpc from the Earth, implying core densities from 10^2 to 10^5 stars arcsec^-2, and determined the lowest reliably observable mass for each stellar field through point-spread function (PSF) fitting photometry. Results. Our results show that stellar densities of <10^3 stars arcsec^-2 will be easily resolvable by MICADO. The lowest reliably observable mass in the Large Magellanic Cloud will be around 0.1 Msun for clusters with densities <10^3 stars arcsec^-2. MICADO will be able to access the stellar content of the cores of all dense young stellar clusters in the Magellanic Clouds, allowing the peak and shape of the IMF to be studied in great detail outside the Milky Way. At a distance of 2 Mpc, all stars with M > 2 Msun will be resolved in fields of <10^4 stars arcsec^-2 , allowing the high-mass end of the IMF to be studied in all galaxies out to and including NGC300.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
THE END OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE? A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM INVESTIGATION ON THE SOURCES OF THE ASIAN CRISIS WITHIN A MULTI-REGION, INTER-TEMPORAL CGE MODEL
Creators: name: Adelman, Irma
name: Yeldan, A. Erinc
name: Adelman, Irma
name: Yeldan, A. Erinc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Financial Economics
International Development

description: The Asian financial crisis had a profound impact on the global economy. Growth is expected to be slower; risks are higher; and the international flows of capital have been dislocated. Above all, it has set out forces of new conditionality surrounding the developmental state, constraining its ability in designing an independent strategy of industrialization and foreign trade. With the aid of an inter-temporal, multi-region CGE model, we regard the crisis to be the result of a fundamental incompatibility between an independent financial policy with unregulated capital markets. We model the increased financial fragility surrounding the unregulated, short-term speculative capital flows as a sudden and unexpected rise in the domestic risk premium. Employing the CGE apparatus, we further document how global financial markets preclude governments from having independent exchange and interest policies to promote industrialization; and demonstrate the serious threats that the international capital flows pose to economic stability and development
On the distribution of collisionless particles in local potential well
Creators: name: Belotsky, K.
name: Khlopov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of collisionless particles with infinite motion in the presence of a local potential well is discussed. Such distribution is important for interpretation of results of dark matter searches. The relationship n/v=const, where n and v are respectively number density and velocity of particles, is derived for particles crossing a local potential well. The limits of application of this relationship are specified.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Effects on School Enrollment and Performance of a Conditional Transfers Program in Mexico
Creators: name: Dubois, Pierre
name: De Janvry, Alain
name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
name: Dubois, Pierre
name: De Janvry, Alain
name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: education demand
subject: schooling decisions
subject: school performance
subject: dynamic decisions
subject: treatment effects
subject: transfer program
subject: randomized experiment
subject: Mexico.

description: We study the effects of a conditional transfers program on school enrollment and performance in Mexico. We provide a theoretical framework for analyzing the dynamic educational decision and process including the endogeneity and uncertainty of performance (passing grades) and the effect of a conditional cash transfer program for children enrolled at school. Careful identification of the program impact on this model is studied. This framework is used to study the Mexican social program Progresa in which a randomized experiment has been implemented and allows us to identify the effect of the conditional cash transfer program on enrollment and performance at school. Using the rules of the conditional program, we can explain the different incentive effects provided. We also derive the formal identifying assumptions needed to provide consistent estimates of the average treatment effects on enrollment and performance at school. We estimate empirically these effects and find that Progresa had always a positive impact on school continuation whereas for performance it had a positive impact at primary school but a negative one at secondary school, a possible consequence of disincentives due to the program termination after the third year of secondary school.
A Tale of Two Communities: Explaining Deforestation in Mexico
Creators: name: Alix-Garcia, Jennifer Marie
name: De Janvry, Alain
name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
name: Alix-Garcia, Jennifer Marie
name: De Janvry, Alain
name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: deforestation
subject: common property
subject: partial cooperation

description: Explaining land use change in Mexico requires understanding the behavior of the local institutions involved. We develop two theories to explain deforestation in communities with and without forestry projects, where the former involves a process of side payments to non-members of the community and the latter of partial cooperation among community members. Data collected in 2002 combined with satellite imagery are used to test these theories. For the forestry villages, we establish a positive relationship between the distribution of profits as dividends instead of public goods and forest loss. For communities not engaged in forestry projects, deforestation is largely related to the ability of the community to induce the formation of a coalition of members that cooperates in not encroaching. This happens more easily in smaller communities with experienced leaders. A disturbing result of the analysis is that deforestation is higher when a community engages in forestry projects, even after properly accounting for self-selection into this activity. This suggests that forestry projects as they now exist in Mexico are not sustainable and contribute to the deforestation problem.
XMM-Newton spectral properties of the Ultraluminous IRAS Galaxy Mrk 273
Creators: name: Balestra, I.
name: Boller, Th.
name: Gallo, L.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Hess, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a 23 ks XMM-Newton observation of the ULIRG Mrk 273. The hard X-ray spectrum can be modeled by a highly absorbed power law plus an Fe Kalpha emission line. The iron line is broad, suggesting possible superposition of a neutral iron line at 6.4 keV, and a blend of ionized iron lines from Fe XXV and Fe XXVI. Given the relatively short exposure, the three line components can not be singularly resolved with high statistical significance: the neutral component is detected at ~2.5sigma and the Fe XXV line at ~2sigma c.l., while for the Fe XXVI line we can only estimate an upper limit. The broad band spectrum requires, in addition to a highly absorbed power law, at least three collisionally ionized plasma components, which may be associated with star-forming regions. The temperatures of the three plasmas are about 0.3, 0.8 and 6 keV, where the highest of the three is sufficient to produce ionized iron emission lines. An alternative interpretation for the origin of the soft emission might also be given in terms of reflection off some photoionized gas, as has been observed in a number of nearby Compton-thick Seyfert 2 galaxies. A hot gas, photoionized by the primary, continuum can also produce ionized iron lines. Unfortunately, given the limited statistics and the lack of high resolution spectroscopy, it is not possible to distinguish between the two models investigated. We further compare the XMM-Newton findings with the Chandra data obtaining consistent spectral results. The absorption corrected hard X-ray (2-10 keV) luminosity of Mrk 273 corresponds to ~0.2% of the far-IR luminosity, similar to typical values found in pure starbursts. The thermal contribution to the soft X-ray luminosity is ~0.2-0.7x10^42 erg s^-1, comparable to those found in NGC 6240 and other starburst dominated ULIRGs.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
The observable effects of a photospheric component on GRB's and XRF's prompt emission spectrum
Creators: name: Pe'er, Asaf
name: Mészáros, Peter
name: Rees, Martin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A thermal radiative component is likely to accompany the first stages of the prompt emission of Gamma-ray bursts (GRB's) and X-ray flashes (XRF's). We analyze the effect of such a component on the observable spectrum, assuming that the observable effects are due to a dissipation process occurring below or near the thermal photosphere. We consider both the internal shock model and a 'slow heating' model as possible dissipation mechanisms. For comparable energy densities in the thermal and the leptonic component, the dominant emission mechanism is Compton scattering. This leads to a nearly flat energy spectrum (νF_ν\propto ν^0) above the thermal peak at ~10-100 keV and below 10-100 MeV, for a wide range of optical depths 0.03
description: Discussion added on the results of Baring & Braby (2004); Accepted for publication in Ap.J
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Das Museum Für Kunst Undt Natur Und Sein Filial- Institut Des Naturprodukten-Verkehrs In Deutschland
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1856

description: Trykt rundskriv om institusjonen
Fractal Power Law in Literary English
Creators: name: Goncalves, L. L.
name: Goncalves, L. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present in this paper a numerical investigation of literary texts by various well-known English writers, covering the first half of the twentieth century, based upon the results obtained through corpus analysis of the texts. A fractal power law is obtained for the lexical wealth defined as the ratio between the number of different words and the total number of words of a given text. By considering as a signature of each author the exponent and the amplitude of the power law, and the standard deviation of the lexical wealth, it is possible to discriminate works of different genres and writers and show that each writer has a very distinct signature, either considered among other literary writers or compared with writers of non-literary texts. It is also shown that, for a given author, the signature is able to discriminate between short stories and novels.
description: 27 pages, 10 tables,15 figures. Revised version accepted in Physica A
Public Health and Tuberculosis Mortality During the Framingham Tuberculosis Demonstration
Creators: name: Calkins, Avery
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 140208 Health Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140302 Econometric and Statistical Methods

description: Between 1900 and 1940, tuberculosis moved from being the second highest cause of death in the United States to no longer being a leading cause of death. The historical causes of the decline in tuberculosis thus remain unclear. This paper examines the role of public health demonstrations in the decline in tuberculosis by studying the Framingham Community Health and Tuberculosis Demonstration, a public health demonstration conducted in Framingham, Massachusetts from 1917-1924. We measure the decreases in tuberculosis and infant mortality during the Framingham Demonstration using a linear regression model and the synthetic control model first used by Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003). The linear regression model finds that tuberculosis mortality decreased by approximately 22 deaths per 100,000 population and infant mortality decreased by approximately 11 to 14 deaths per 1,000 live births over the period of 1917-1923. The synthetic control model confirms these findings.
A massive mess: When a large dwarf and a Milky Way-like galaxy merge
Creators: name: Koppelman, Helmer H.
name: Bos, Roy O. Y.
name: Helmi, Amina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circa 10 billion years ago the Milky Way merged with a massive satellite, Gaia-Enceladus. To gain insight into the properties of its debris we analyse in detail the suite of simulations from Villalobos & Helmi (2008), which includes an experiment that produces a good match to the kinematics of nearby halo stars inferred from Gaia data. We compare the kinematic distributions of stellar particles in the simulations and study the distribution of debris in orbital angular momentum, eccentricity and energy, and its relation to the mass-loss history of the simulated satellite. We confirm that Gaia-Enceladus probably fell in on a retrograde, 30$^\circ$ inclination orbit. We find that while 75% of the debris in our preferred simulation has large eccentricity ($> 0.8$), roughly 9% has eccentricity smaller than 0.6. Star particles lost early have large retrograde motions, and a subset of these have low eccentricity. Such stars would be expected to have lower metallicities as they stem from the outskirts of the satellite, and hence naively they could be confused with debris associated with a separate system. These considerations seem to apply to some of the stars from the postulated Sequoia galaxy. When a massive discy galaxy merges, it leaves behind debris with a complex phase-space structure, a large range of orbital properties, and a range of chemical abundances. Observationally, this results in substructures with very different properties, which can be misinterpreted as implying independent progeny. Detailed chemical abundances of large samples of stars and tailored hydrodynamical simulations are critical to resolving such conundrums.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, submitted. Movie of Fig.4 available at https://www.astro.rug.nl/~ahelmi/MassiveMess/
On the Number of Pseudo-Triangulations of Certain Point Sets
Creators: name: Aichholzer, Oswin
name: Orden, David
name: Santos, Francisco
name: Speckmann, Bettina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C10; 05C62

description: We pose a monotonicity conjecture on the number of pseudo-triangulations of any planar point set, and check it on two prominent families of point sets, namely the so-called double circle and double chain. The latter has asymptotically $12^n n^{Θ(1)}$ pointed pseudo-triangulations, which lies significantly above the maximum number of triangulations in a planar point set known so far.
description: 31 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables. Not much technical changes with respect to v1, except some proofs and statements are slightly more precise and some expositions more clear. This version has been accepted in J. Combin. Th. A. The increase in number of pages from v1 is mostly due to formatting the paper with "elsart.cls" for Elsevier
High-dimensional Frequency-Encoded Quantum Information Processing with Passive Photonics and Time-Resolving Detection
Creators: name: Cui, Chaohan
name: Seshadreesan, Kaushik P.
name: Guha, Saikat
name: Fan, Linran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter, we propose a new approach to process high-dimensional quantum information encoded in a photon frequency domain. In contrast to previous approaches based on nonlinear optical processes, no active control of photon energy is required. Arbitrary unitary transformation and projection measurement can be realized with passive photonic circuits and time-resolving detection. A systematic circuit design for a quantum frequency comb with arbitrary size has been given. The criteria to verify quantum frequency correlation has been derived. By considering the practical condition of detector's finite response time, we show that high-fidelity operation can be readily realized with current device performance. This work will pave the way towards scalable and high-fidelity quantum information processing based on high-dimensional frequency encoding.
Diversity Considerations in School Choice: Developing Fair and Effective Mechanisms
Creators: name: Nagarajan, Karthik
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economics

description: Controlled school choice policies aim to provide families a choice as to which school their child will attend while maintaining diversity in schools. These policies are of- ten implemented in the form of minimum and maximum quotas on student types (that can be based on race, ethnicity or socioeconomic factors). When these quotas are interpreted as hard bounds, standard fairness and non-wastefulness properties are compromised, imposing a cost on student welfare. By interpreting the minimum quota as a flexible guideline (a ”soft” bound), I employ a mixed interpretation of these quotas to formulate a modified version of the student-optimal deferred acceptance algorithm that guarantees fairness. Furthermore, I show that both this and a purely soft inter- pretation of the diversity bounds can be used to formulate effective mechanisms that ensure fairness, even in settings with notionally hard bounds.
High-Purity Pulsed Squeezing Generation with Integrated Photonics
Creators: name: Cui, Chaohan
name: Gagatsos, Christos N.
name: Guha, Saikat
name: Fan, Linran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Squeezed light has evolved into a powerful tool for quantum technology, ranging from quantum enhanced sensing and quantum state engineering based on partial post-selection techniques. The pulsed generation of squeezed light is of particular interest, as it can provide accurate time stamp and physically defined temporal mode, which are highly preferred in complex communication networks and large-scale information processing. However, the multimode feature of pulsed squeezing in conventional single-pass configuration limits the purity of the output state, negatively impacting its application in quantum technology. In this Letter, we propose a new approach to generate pulsed squeezing with high temporal purity. Pulsed squeezing based on parametric down-conversion in photonic cavities is analyzed. We show that the effective mode number of the output squeezed light approaches unity. Such a high-purity squeezed light can be realized with broad parameters and low pump power, providing a robust approach to generate large-scale quantum resource.
The Upsilon spectrum and m_b from full lattice QCD
Creators: name: Gray, A.
name: Allison, I.
name: Davies, C. T. H.
name: Gulez, E.
name: Lepage, G. P.
name: Shigemitsu, J.
name: Wingate, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show results for the Upsilon spectrum calculated in lattice QCD including for the first time vacuum polarization effects for light u and d quarks as well as s quarks. We use gluon field configurations generated by the MILC collaboration. The calculations compare the results for a variety of u and d quark masses, as well as making a comparison to quenched results (in which quark vacuum polarisation is ignored) and results with only u and d quarks. The b quarks in the Upsilon are treated in lattice Nonrelativistic QCD through NLO in an expansion in the velocity of the b quark. We concentrate on accurate results for orbital and radial splittings where we see clear agreement with experiment once u, d and s quark vacuum polarisation effects are included. This now allows a consistent determination of the parameters of QCD. We demonstrate this consistency through the agreement of the Upsilon and B spectrum using the same lattice bare b quark mass. A one-loop matching to continuum QCD gives a value for the b quark mass in full lattice QCD for the first time. We obtain m_b^{\bar{MS}}(m_b^{\bar{MS}}) = 4.4(3) GeV. We are able to give physical results for the heavy quark potential parameters, r_0 = 0.469(7) fm and r_1 = 0.321(5) fm. Results for the fine structure in the spectrum and the Upsilon leptonic width are also presented. We predict the Upsilon - eta_b splitting to be 61(14) MeV, the Upsilon^{\prime} - eta_b^{\prime} splitting as 30(19) MeV and the splitting between the h_b and the spin-average of the chi_b states to be less than 6 MeV. Improvements to these calculations that will be made in the near future are discussed.
description: 24 pages, 19 figures. Version to be published. Minor changes made and typographical errors corrected. Experimental leptonic widths updated in section 8
INFERRING THE NUTRIENT CONTENT OF FOOD WITH PRIOR INFORMATION
Creators: name: LaFrance, Jeffrey T.
name: LaFrance, Jeffrey T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Agricultural Farm and Food Policy
subject: Bayesian Method of Moments
subject: Generalized Maximum Entropy
subject: Kullback-Leibler Cross Entropy
subject: Nutrient Content

description: Given measurements on the nutrient content of the U.S. food supply and a coherent reduced form empirical model of the demand for foods, we can analyze the effect of agricultural farm and food policy on nutrition. Using unpublished documents from the HNIS, estimates of the percentages of seventeen nutrients supplied by twenty-one foods were compiled for the period 1952-1983. The Bayesian Method of Moments is applied to this data set to obtain a proper prior for the purpose of drawing year-to-year inferences about the nutrient content of the U.S. food supply for the period 1909-1994. Information theory and the Kullback-Leibler cross entropy criterion are used to formalize the inference problem.
Lie Particle And Its Batalin-Tyutin Extension
Creators: name: Ghosh, Subir
name: Pal, Probir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter we have proposed a point particle model that generates a noncommutative three-space, with the coordinate brackets being Lie algebraic in nature, in particular isomorphic to the angular momentum algebra. The work is in the spirit of our earlier works in this connection, {\it {i.e.}} PLB 618 (2005)243 and PLB 623 (2005)251, where the $κ$-Minkowski form of noncomutative spacetime was considered. This non-linear and operatorial nature of the configuration space coordinate algebra can pose problems regarding its quantization. This prompts us to embed the model in the Batalin-Tyutin extended space where the equivalent model comprises of phase space variables satisfying a canonical algebra. We also compare our present model with the point particle model, previously proposed by us, in the context of $κ$-Minkowski spacetime.
description: Latex, 10 pages, enlarged and modified version, no changes in results and conslusions, one reference added, to appear in Phys.Lett.B
Global Warming and Hyperbolic Discounting
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Karp, Larry S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: stock pollutant
subject: hyperbolic discounting
subject: global warming
subject: time consistency

description: The use of a constant discount rate to study long-lived environmental problems such as global warming has two disadvantages: the prescribed policy is sensitive to the discount rate, and with moderate discount rates, large future damages have almost no effect on current decisions. Time-consistent quasi-hyperbolic discounting alleviates both of these modeling problems, and is a plausible description of how people think about the future. We analyze the time-consistent Markov Perfect equilibrium in a general model with a stock pollutant. The solution to the linear-quadratic specialization illustrates the role of hyperbolic discounting in a model of global warming.
Controlling a Stock Pollutant with Endogenous Abatement Capital and Asymmetric Information
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Zhang, Jiangfeng
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Zhang, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: pollution control
subject: investment
subject: asymmetric information
subject: rational expectations
subject: choice of instruments

description: Non-strategic firms with rational expectations make investment and emissions decisions. The investment rule depends on firms' beliefs about future emissions policies. We compare emissions taxes and quotas when the (strategic) regulator and (nonstrategic) firms have asymmetric information about abatement costs, and all agents use Markov Perfect decision rules. Emissions taxes create a secondary distortion at the investment stage, unless a particular condition holds; emissions quotas do not create a secondary distortion. We solve a linear-quadratic model calibrated to represent the problem of controlling greenhouse gasses. The endogeneity of abatement capital favors taxes, and it increases abatement.
Characterisation and application of newly isolated coliphages and Salmonella phages as biocontrol agents on fresh-cut mixed vegetables
Creators: name: Kuek, Maryanne Pei Wun
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This research focuses on isolating bacteriophages to effectively eliminate bacteria on fresh produce, which is often consumed without further processing. The newly isolated bacteriophages were biologically and genetically characterised to assess their suitability as biocontrol agents. Promising results were observed in in situ studies on fresh-cut mixed vegetables treated with either single bacteriophage applications or a combination of bacteriophages and natural plant extracts. These findings highlight the potential of bacteriophages as an alternative method for controlling bacterial contamination in minimally processed foods, preserving the organoleptic properties of fresh food items while also reducing reliance on chemical sanitizers.
Period doubling, two-color lattices, and the growth of swallowtails in Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Seaman, B. T.
name: Carr, L. D.
name: Holland, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The band structure of a Bose-Einstein condensate is studied for lattice traps of sinusoidal, Jacobi elliptic, and Kronig-Penney form. It is demonstrated that the physical properties of the system are independent of the choice of lattice. The Kronig-Penney potential, which admits a full exact solution in closed analytical form, is then used to understand in a novel way the swallowtails, or loops, that form in the band structure. Their appearance can be explained by adiabatically tuning a second lattice with half the period. Such a two-color lattice, which can be easily realized in experiments, has intriguing new physical properties. For instance, swallowtails appear even for weak nonlinearity, which is the experimental regime. We determine the stability properties of this system and relate them to current experiments.
Homologous Non-isotopic Symplectic Surfaces of Higher Genus
Creators: name: Park, B. Doug
name: Poddar, Mainak
name: Vidussi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R17, 57M05

description: We construct an infinite family of homologous, non-isotopic, symplectic surfaces of any genus greater than one in a certain class of closed, simply connected, symplectic four-manifolds. Our construction is the first example of this phenomenon for surfaces of genus greater than one.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc
Generalized golden mean and the efficiency of thermal machines
Creators: name: Johal, Ramandeep S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate generic heat engines and refrigerators operating between two heat reservoirs, for the condition when their efficiencies are equal to each other. It is shown that the corresponding value of efficiency is given as the inverse of the generalized golden mean, $ϕ_p$, where the parameter $p$ depends on the degree of irreversibility of both engine and refrigerator. The reversible case ($p=1$) yields the efficiency in terms of the standard golden mean. We also extend the analysis to a three-heat-resrervoir setup.
description: Pedagogic article, RevTex4-1 9 pages, two figures. One figure added, references updated
Evidence for s-wave superconductivity with antiferromagnetic fluctuations in filled skutterudite LaFe$_{4}$P$_{12}$: $^{139}$La and $^{31}$P-NMR studies
Creators: name: Nakai, Y.
name: Ishida, K.
name: Kikuchi, D.
name: Sugawara, H.
name: Sato, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed $^{139}$La,$^{31}$P-NMR studies on a filled skutterudite superconductor LaFe$_{4}$P$_{12}$ with a critical temperature $T_c=4.1$ K. In the normal state, the presence of antiferromagnetic (AFM) fluctuations at finite wave vectors is suggested from the relation between the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1$ and the Knight shift. In the superconducting (SC) state, the distinct coherence peak was observed just below $T_c$, and is easily suppressed by the applied field. An exponential decrease of $1/T_1$ was observed, suggestive of the isotropic superconducting gap with $2Δ/k_{\rm B}T_c =3.8$. Besides, we observed the decrease of the Knight shift, indicative of the singlet-pair formation below $T_c$. These results are clear evidence that LaFe$_{4}$P$_{12}$ is a rare s-wave superconductor with significant AFM fluctuations.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol.74 No.12
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Commission Chargé De L'érection D'une Statue à Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1856

description: Utvalget ber om pengestøtte til oppførelsen av en statue av naturhistorikeren G. Saint-Hilaire
Determination of Gravitomagnetic Field through GRBs or X-ray Pulsars
Creators: name: Wu, Ning
name: Zhang, Dahua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In gauge theory of gravity, there is direct coupling between the spin of a particle and gravitomagnetic field. In the surface of a neutron star or near black hole, the coupling energy between spin and gravitomagnetic field can be large and detectable. Precise measurement of the position of spectrum lines of the corresponding emission or absorption can help us to determine the gravitomagnetic field and electromagnetic field simultaneously. The ratio $\frac{ΔE_e}{ΔE_p}$ can be served as a quantitative criteria of black hole. In GRBs or X-ray pulsar, absorption spectral lines of electron were observed. If the absorption spectral lines of electron and proton can be observed simultaneously, using the method given in this paper, we can determine the gravitomagnetic field in the surface of the star, and discriminate black hole from neutron star.
description: 8 pages, no figures
Controlled School Choice with Mixed Bounds Approach: A Balance Between Stability and Diversity Considerations
Creators: name: Ko, Paul Ilhak
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economics

description: Controlled school choice over public schools has been an important concern for both the parents of students and schools. It gives numerous options for how fairness and diversity con- siderations can be balanced. The notion of diversity is often imposed by limiting the number of admitted students who have the same type (quotas), or by reserving seats for each student type (reserves). The controlled school choice rule that we explore in this paper is the combination of “reserves” and “quotas,” where schools implement minimum reserves (a “soft” bound) and maximum quotas (a “hard” bound) together. In this paper, we provide a full characterization of the mixed bounds approach, and show that it satisfies the requirements for the existence of a student-optimal stable matching.
The B -> pi pi, pi K Puzzles: Implications for Hadron Physics, New Physics and Rare Decays
Creators: name: Fleischer, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The B-meson system is an interesting probe for the exploration of strong interactions, the quark-flavour sector of the Standard Model, and the search for new physics. In this programme, non-leptonic B decays, which are particularly challenging from the point of view of QCD, play a key role. After discussing strategies to deal with the corresponding hadronic matrix elements of four-quark operators and popular avenues for new physics to manifest itself in B decays, we focus on puzzling patterns in the B-factory data for B -> pi pi, pi K decays; we explore their implications for hadron physics, new physics and rare K and B decays.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, plenary talk at the International Conference on QCD and Hadronic Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China, 16-20 June 2005, to appear in the Proceedings
EXPLORING THE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF GASTRONOMIC IDIOMS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Creators: name: Malikov, Ulugbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This research examines the cultural significance embedded within gastronomic idioms in English and Uzbek languages. By analyzing specific idioms related to food and drink, the study aims to uncover the ways in which these expressions reflect the cultural values, traditions, and social practices of their respective language communities. Through a comparative analysis, this research contributes to the broader understanding of how language and culture interact in shaping everyday communication.
Linear coupling and over-reflection phenomena of magnetohydrodynamic waves in smooth shear flows
Creators: name: Gogoberidze, G.
name: Chagelishvili, G. D.
name: Sagdeev, R. Z.
name: Lominadze, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Special features of magnetohydrodynamic waves linear dynamics in smooth shear flows are studied. Quantitative asymptotic and numerical analysis are performed for wide range of system parameters when basic flow has constant shear of velocity and uniform magnetic field is parallel to the basic flow. The special features consist of magnetohydrodynamic wave mutual transformation and over-reflection phenomena. The transformation takes place for arbitrary shear rates and involves all magnetohydrodynamic wave modes. While the over-reflection occurs only for slow magnetosonic and Alfvén waves at high shear rates. Studied phenomena should be decisive in the elaboration of the self-sustaining model of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in the shear flows.
Chapter 04: INFORMATION ISSUES FOR PRINCIPALS AND AGENTS IN THE "MARKET" FOR FOOD SAFETY AND NUTRITION
Creators: name: Weiss, Michael D.
name: Weiss, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: information
subject: food safety
subject: principal-agent models
subject: quality monitoring

description: This book was originally published by Westview Press, Boulder CO, 1995.
Visser't Hooft, Wilhelm A., Die Sammlung der zerstreuten Kinder Gottes
Creators: name: Krüger
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 6 Nr. 1 (1957): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 6, Heft 1
Chapter 08: HEALTH RISK CONCERN OF HOUSEHOLDS VS. FOOD PROCESSORS: ESTIMATION OF HEDONIC PRICES IN FATS AND OILS
Creators: name: Kim, Dong-Kyoon
name: Chern, Wen S.
name: Kim, Dong-Kyoon
name: Chern, Wen S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: nutrition
subject: fats and oils
subject: hedonic models
subject: households
subject: food processors

description: This book was originally published by Westview Press, Boulder CO, 1995.
The galaxy population within the virial radius of the Perseus cluster
Creators: name: Meusinger, H.
name: Rudolf, C.
name: Stecklum, B.
name: Hoeft, M.
name: Mauersberger, R.
name: Apai, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the galaxy population in a field of the Perseus cluster that roughly covers the virial radius of the cluster. The galaxies were selected on Schmidt CCD images in B and H alpha in combination with SDSS images. We present a catalogue of 1294 galaxies. Morphological information was obtained for 90% of the galaxies from the `eyeball' inspection, partly supported by the surface brightness profile analysis. Redshifts were taken from SDSS, literature sources, and own spectroscopic observations and are available for 24% of the catalogues galaxies. The galaxy catalogue is used to derive cluster properties, such as radial profiles, indications of sub-structure, virial mass, and viral radius and to study the cluster galaxy population with regard to morphological types and peculiarities, star formation rates and active galactic nuclei. In addition to the statistical approach, we present brief individual descriptions of 18 cluster galaxies with conspicuous morphological peculiarities. (Abstract modified to match the arXiv format.)
description: Accepted for publication in A&A