cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Coupling of the triple-Q state to the atomic lattice by anisotropic symmetric exchange
Creators: name: Nickel, Felix
name: Kubetzka, André
name: Haldar, Soumyajyoti
name: Wiesendanger, Roland
name: Heinze, Stefan
name: von Bergmann, Kirsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify the triple-Q (3Q) state as magnetic ground state in Pd/Mn and Rh/Mn bilayers on Re(0001) using spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. An atomistic model reveals that in general the 3Q state with tetrahedral magnetic order and zero net spin moment is coupled to a hexagonal atomic lattice in a highly symmetric orientation via the anisotropic symmetric exchange interaction, whereas other spin-orbit coupling terms cancel due to symmetry. Our experiments are in agreement with the predicted orientation of the 3Q state. A distortion from the ideal tetrahedral angles leads to other orientations of the 3Q state which, however, results in a reduced topological orbital magnetization compared to the ideal 3Q state.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Design of a Youth Electoral Audit
Creators: name: Ing, Jasmine
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Design and Decorative Arts
subject: Canadian Studies
subject: Public Administration
subject: Elections
subject: Canada
subject: Municipal government
subject: Audit
subject: Youth

description: The voter turnout of Canadian youth ages 18 to 34 is estimated to be 20% lower than those born between 1945 and 1959. Young adults were more than twice as likely to cast a ballot during the first election in which they were eligible in the 1960s when compared with 2004. Low youth voter turnout is concerning because electoral participation is an indicator of the legitimacy and health of democratic systems. Further, voting and abstention behaviours are habit forming, which means citizens who begin adulthood as non-voters are likely to stay that way. While a number of best and promising practices to improve youth voter turnout have been identified, no central means for evaluating the implementation of these practices in Canadian municipal government elections currently exists. This thesis describes the design process for the Youth Electoral Audit, an audit methodology intended to fill this gap. Apathy is Boring (AiB), a Canadian non-governmental organization, conducted a pilot Youth Electoral Audit during the 2013 municipal election in Grande Prairie, Alberta. The Youth Electoral Audit was found to be a practical methodology for evaluating Canadian municipal election practices and facilitating concrete recommendations for improving youth electoral participation.
Neutrino spectra evolution during proto-neutron star deleptonization
Creators: name: Fischer, T.
name: Martínez-Pinedo, G.
name: Hempel, M.
name: Liebendörfer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino-driven wind, which occurs after the onset of a core-collapse supernova explosion, has long been considered as the possible site for the synthesis of heavy r-process elements in the Universe. Only recently, it has been possible to simulate supernova explosions up to ~10 seconds, based on three-flavor Boltzmann neutrino transport. These simulations show that the neutrino luminosities and spectra of all flavors are very similar and their difference even decreases during the deleptonization of the proto-neutron star. As a consequence, the ejecta are always proton rich which rules out the possible production of heavy r-process elements (Z>56). We perform a detailed analysis of the different weak processes that determine the neutrino spectra. Non-electron flavor (anti)neutrinos are produced and interact only via neutral-current processes, while electron (anti)neutrinos have additional contributions from charge-current processes. The latter are dominated by ve absorption on neutrons and anti-ve absorption on protons. At early times, charge-current processes are responsible for spectral differences between. However, as the region of neutrino decoupling moves to higher densities during deleptonization, charge-current reactions are suppressed by final state Pauli-blocking. anti-ve absorption on protons is suppressed due to the continuously increasing chemical potential of the neutrons. ve absorption on neutrons is blocked by the increasing degeneracy of the electrons. These effects result in negligible contributions from charge-current reactions on timescales on the order of tens of seconds, depending on the progenitor star. Hence, the neutrino spectra are mainly determined from neutral-current processes which do not distinguish between the different flavors and results in the convergence of the spectra. These findings are independent of the charge-current reaction rates used...
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, submitted to PRD
The WaveGyro
Creators: name: Waizmann, Gebhard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: wave energy
wave power
ocean energy
energy conversion
power capture
wave energy conversion
gyroscope
gyro
WaveGyro
wave hydrodynamics
Froude-Krylov force
wave load
power take-off
optimum power capture
Powerball
Dynabee
Gyro Twister
ocean engineering
renewable energy

description: The WaveGyro – A new Concept for Ocean Wave Energy Capture (Master Thesis by Gebhard Waizmann, University of Southampton 22.09.2011) Abstract
 Climate change, environmental pollution and the proceeding resource depletion give awareness of the necessity towards more sustainable energy economics. Energy from ocean waves may once play a contributing role towards this step but is as yet in its fledgling stages. This is mainly due to the harsh sea environment, which implies the need for simple and robust wave energy converter. The work presented in this thesis picks up this thought when dealing with the so-called WaveGyro. Introductory chapters explain how this novel concept arose, followed by a detailed explanation of the working principle.
 The WavGyro utilizes gyroscopes to provide an internal reaction moment against the wave excitation. This internal reaction permits designing a completely enclosed and thus environmentally resistant device. The gyroscopic precession is used to convert the wave-induced moment into a moment that accelerates the flywheels. Equations of motion, which describe the gyroscope kinetics, are deduced. The gyroscopic motions and moment is then implemented into the first-order wave hydrodynamics. Two main approaches to describe the wave excitation are presented. The first approach is superposition of radiation and exci-tation and the second approach makes use of the relative motion principle, which relates the excitation to the extent of displacement. Both approaches are employed to deduce the maximum power capture condition in relation to the device’s dimensions and operational parameters.
 The influence of real sea state, analytically expressed by the Pierson-Moskowitz spec-trum, on the optimum power analysis is considered and implementation methods are de-veloped. Subsequently the spin-up mechanism is explained and examined; this is the mechanism converting the precession moment into torque accelerating the flywheel. It is shown that a simple configuration, composed of an ordinary cogwheel and a sprag-clutch only is not sufficient for this mechanism. Ideas for alternative mechanisms are considered but require further investigation to allow conclusive results.
 Finally, an approximate plan for the design of model is developed, which includes basic considerations of scaling laws. Recommendations for further theoretical and practical work on the WaveGyro are provided.
New symmetries in Fierz-Pauli massive gravity
Creators: name: Tasinato, Gianmassimo
name: Koyama, Kazuya
name: Niz, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We expose a new symmetry for linear perturbations around a solution of non-linear Fierz-Pauli massive gravity plus a bare cosmological constant. The cosmological constant is chosen such that the background metric is flat while the Stuckelberg fields have a non-trivial profile. Around this background, at linear order the new symmetry reduces the propagating degrees of freedom to those of General Relativity, namely the massless helicity 2 modes only. We discuss the physical consequences and possible applications of these findings.
description: 9 pages, no figures
Heuristic Hyperparameter Choice for Image Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Jiang, Zeyu
name: Bertoldo, João P. C.
name: Decencière, Etienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anomaly detection (AD) in images is a fundamental computer vision problem by deep learning neural network to identify images deviating significantly from normality. The deep features extracted from pretrained models have been proved to be essential for AD based on multivariate Gaussian distribution analysis. However, since models are usually pretrained on a large dataset for classification tasks such as ImageNet, they might produce lots of redundant features for AD, which increases computational cost and degrades the performance. We aim to do the dimension reduction of Negated Principal Component Analysis (NPCA) for these features. So we proposed some heuristic to choose hyperparameter of NPCA algorithm for getting as fewer components of features as possible while ensuring a good performance.
Sport Celebrity Scandal: Consumer Attitude towards the Sponsoring Brand
Creators: name: Hardwicke-Brown, Emeleigh
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Business Administration--Management
subject: sport-celebrity
subject: scandal
subject: sponsorship
subject: athlete
subject: consumer
subject: Attitude
subject: transgression

description: Adding to previous research grounded in sport celebrity scandal, this study used an experimental design to focus on consumer attitude following an athlete's involvement in scandal. Specifically, consumer attitude towards a brand following the post-scandal decision to continue or terminate the relationship with the athlete was examined. Athlete loyal consumers were the main focus of the study. Brand loyalty and severity of the scandal‘s impact on consumer attitude after the sponsor’s decision were also studied. Four hypotheses were grounded in theory and tested using ANOVA. Results demonstrated that athlete loyal consumers had a significantly more positive attitude when the decision was to terminate the relationship. Brand loyal consumers reported a more positive attitude towards the brand regardless of the sponsor’s relationship decision, and severity of the scandal did not have a significant impact. Results provide insight on what relationship decision fosters a more positive attitude towards the brand.
Quantum fields in toroidal topology
Creators: name: Khanna, F. C.
name: Malbouisson, A. P. C.
name: Malbouisson, J. M. C.
name: Santana, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard representation of c*-algebra is used to describe fields in compactified space-time dimensions characterized by topologies of the type $ Γ_{D}^{d}=(\mathbb{S}^{1})^{d}\times \mathbb{M}^{D-d}$. The modular operator is generalized to introduce representations of isometry groups. The Poincaré symmetry is analyzed and then we construct the modular representation by using linear transformations in the field modes, similar to the Bogoliubov transformation. This provides a mechanism for compactification of the Minkowski space-time, that follows as a generalization of the Fourier-integral representation of the propagator at finite temperature. An important result is that the $2\times2$ representation of the real time formalism is not needed. The end result on calculating observables is described as a condensate in the ground state. We analyze initially the free Klein-Gordon and Dirac fields, and then formulate non-abelian gauge theories in $Γ_{D}^{d}$. Using the S-matrix, the decay of particles is calculated in order to show the effect of the compactification.
description: 34 pages, LATEX, no figures
On the structure of the Witt group of braided fusion categories
Creators: name: Davydov, Alexei
name: Nikshych, Dmitri
name: Ostrik, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We analyze the structure of the Witt group W of braided fusion categories introduced in the previous paper arXiv:1009.2117v2. We define a "super" version of the categorical Witt group, namely, the group sW of slightly degenerate braided fusion categories. We prove that sW is a direct sum of the classical part, an elementary Abelian 2-group, and a free Abelian group. Furthermore, we show that the kernel of the canonical homomorphism S: W --> sW is generated by Ising categories and is isomorphic to Z/16Z. Finally, we give a complete description of etale algebras in tensor products of braided fusion categories.
description: 27 pages
Dynamics of superconducting nanowires shunted with an external resistor
Creators: name: Brenner, Matthew W.
name: Roy, Dibyendu
name: Shah, Nayana
name: Bezryadin, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first study of superconducting nanowires shunted with an external resistor, geared towards understanding and controlling coherence and dissipation in nanowires. The dynamics is probed by measuring the evolution of the V-I characteristics and the distributions of switching and retrapping currents upon varying the shunt resistor and temperature. Theoretical analysis of the experiments indicates that as the value of the shunt resistance is decreased, the dynamics turns more coherent presumably due to stabilization of phase-slip centers in the wire and furthermore the switching current approaches the Bardeen's prediction for equilibrium depairing current. By a detailed comparison between theory and experimental, we make headway into identifying regimes in which the quasi-one-dimensional wire can effectively be described by a zero-dimensional circuit model analogous to the RCSJ (resistively and capacitively shunted Josephson junction) model of Stewart and McCumber. Besides its fundamental significance, our study has implications for a range of promising technological applications.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures
DESI Mock Challenge: Constructing DESI galaxy catalogues based on FastPM simulations
Creators: name: Variu, Andrei
name: Alam, Shadab
name: Zhao, Cheng
name: Chuang, Chia-Hsun
name: Yu, Yu
name: Forero-Sánchez, Daniel
name: Ding, Zhejie
name: Kneib, Jean-Paul
name: Aguilar, Jessica Nicole
name: Ahlen, Steven
name: Brooks, David
name: Claybaugh, Todd
name: Cole, Shaun
name: Dawson, Kyle
name: de la Macorra, Axel
name: Doel, Peter
name: Forero-Romero, Jaime E.
name: Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A
name: Honscheid, Klaus
name: Landriau, Martin
name: Manera, Marc
name: Miquel, Ramon
name: Nie, Jundan
name: Percival, Will
name: Poppett, Claire
name: Rezaie, Mehdi
name: Rossi, Graziano
name: Sanchez, Eusebio
name: Schubnell, Michael
name: Seo, Hee-Jong
name: Tarlé, Gregory
name: Magana, Mariana Vargas
name: Zhou, Zhimin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Together with larger spectroscopic surveys such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), the precision of large scale structure studies and thus the constraints on the cosmological parameters are rapidly improving. Therefore, one must build realistic simulations and robust covariance matrices. We build galaxy catalogues by applying a Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) model upon the \textsc{FastPM} simulations, such that the resulting galaxy clustering reproduces high resolution $N$-body simulations. While the resolution and halo finder are different from the reference simulations, we reproduce the reference galaxy two-point clustering measurements -- monopole and quadrupole -- to a precision required by the DESI Year 1 Emission Line Galaxy sample down to non-linear scales, i.e. $k<0.5\,h\mathrm{Mpc}$ or $s>10\,\mathrm{Mpc}/h$. Furthermore, we compute covariance matrices based on the resulting \textsc{FastPM} galaxy clustering -- monopole and quadrupole. We study for the first time the effect of fitting on Fourier conjugate [e.g. power spectrum] on the covariance matrix of the Fourier counterpart [e.g. correlation function]. We estimate the uncertainties of the two parameters of a simple clustering model and observe a maximum variation of 20 per cent for the different covariance matrices. Nevertheless, for most studied scales the scatter is between two to ten per cent Consequently, using the current pipeline we can precisely reproduce the clustering of $N$-body simulations and the resulting covariance matrices provide robust uncertainty estimations against HOD fitting scenarios. We expect our methodology will be useful for the coming DESI data analyses and their extension for other studies.
description: 21 pages, 18 figures, submitted to MNRAS, Zenodo link https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8185822
Convection and Differential Rotation Properties of G & K Stars Computed with the ASH Code
Creators: name: Matt, Sean P.
name: Cao, Olivier Do
name: Brown, B. P.
name: Brun, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stellar luminosity and depth of the convective envelope vary rapidly with mass for G- and K-type main sequence stars. In order to understand how these properties influence the convective turbulence, differential rotation, and meridional circulation, we have carried out 3D dynamical simulations of the interiors of rotating main sequence stars, using the anelastic spherical harmonic (ASH) code. The stars in our simulations have masses of 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1 M_sun, corresponding to spectral types K7 through G0, and rotate at the same angular speed as the sun. We identify several trends of convection zone properties with stellar mass, exhibited by the simulations. The convective velocities, temperature contrast between up- and down-flows, and meridional circulation velocities all increase with stellar luminosity. As a consequence of the trend in convective velocity, the Rossby number (at a fixed rotation rate) increases and the convective turnover timescales decrease significantly with increasing stellar mass. The 3 lowest mass cases exhibit solar-like differential rotation, in a sense that they show a maximum rotation at the equator and minimum at higher latitudes, but the 1.1 M_sun case exhibits anti-solar rotation. At low mass, the meridional circulation is multi-cellular and aligned with the rotation axis; as the mass increases, the circulation pattern tends toward a unicellular structure covering each hemisphere in the convection zone.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomische Nachrichten; 11 pages, 8 figures
The Effect of U-50488H, on Vasopressin Receptor Expression in Immature Ovine Kidney and Brainstem
Creators: name: Mutardi, Manar
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Arginine Vasopressin Receptors
subject: Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist( U-50488H)
subject: Sheep

description: Activation of kappa opioid receptors (KORs) by the naturally occurring ligand, dynorphin A, or KOR agonists such as U-50488H (a selective KOR agonist) is well documented to elicit a diuretic response in different animal species. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the aquaretic effect of U-50488H is not yet well understood. It is thought that KORs activation modulates the plasma level of arginine vasopressin (AVP). AVP is well known as an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) because its main effect on the kidney is to decrease urine flow. AVP exerts its biological effects via activation of at least three specific G-protein coupled receptors: V1Rs, V2Rs and V3Rs. V1Rs are mainly expressed in brain and vascular smooth muscle cells, and V2Rs are mainly expressed in the kidney. A functional relationship between the kappa opioid system and the vasopressinergic system has been suggested in the literature. However, no previous investigation has been attempted to investigate this relationship at the receptor level. The first objective of this investigation was to describe for the first time, mRNA and protein expression of V1Rs and V2Rs in immature ovine brainstem and kidney using highly sensitive, accurate, reproducible RT-qPCR and semi-quantitive Westren Blot analysis respectively. The second objective was to assess whether V1R and V2R expression is regulated by repeated stimulation of KORs by U-50488H administration. Results from these investigations demonstrate for the first time the regional variations in V1R and V2R mRNA and protein level between brainstem and kidney of six-week-old sheep as well as regional variation of the effect of KOR activation on V1R and V2R expression at both transcriptional and translational levels
Multi-level Delta Sigma Modulator Based Transmitters for GHz Wireless Radio Systems
Creators: name: Elsayed, Fahmi
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical
subject: Power Amplifiers
subject: Digital Signal Processing
subject: Delta Sigma Modulator
subject: Wireless Transmitter

description: The delta sigma modulator (DSM) based transmitter is a promising architecture that is suitable for multi-standard wireless applications. The conventional DSM-based transmitter suffers from low overall power efficiency due to the low coding efficiency (CE) of the used two-level DSM circuits. Different approaches are reported in literature to improve the efficiency of DSM-based transmitters with the aim of being competitive with other amplification architectures. Most of the reported architectures suffer from two limitations. First, a fully digital pre-distorter is required to improve the linearity of the transmitter. This increases the complexity of the digital signal processing block and limits the applicability of these architectures for wireless mobile terminals. Second, they have a limited frequency bandwidth. In order to improve the performance of the DSM circuit, a new multi-level complex delta sigma modulator circuit is proposed. A study of different DSM circuits is performed. The study includes Cartesian, envelope and the proposed complex DSM circuits with different circuit orders and different quantization levels. Based on the proposed multi-level complex DSM, three new multi-level DSM-based transmitter architectures are proposed. The first architecture is a linearized single branch multi-level DSM-based transmitter. The linearity is achieved through a new simple linearization algorithm, which is proposed to replace a fully digital pre-distorter. Then, a novel dual-branch DSM-based transmitter is proposed as the second architecture. The proposed transmitter architecture is implemented using a new technique, namely three-level de-multiplexed DSM based transmitter. The transmitter has both a high power efficiency and a high linearity without linearization schemes. The third transmitter implementation is a wideband dual-branch three-level DSM-based transmitter. The transmitter is based on two broadband power amplifiers that are connected in back-to-back configuration. Eventually, a new noise reduction technique is reported to improve the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of the transmitted signal.
Birds, Buildings and LEED Mitigation Design at the University of Calgary Campus
Creators: name: Wood, Jessica Suzanne
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physical Geography
subject: Avian mortality
subject: Birds
subject: Collisions
subject: Strikes
subject: Glass
subject: Windows
subject: Buildings
subject: Bird-building collisions
subject: Window collisions
subject: Landscape
subject: LEED
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Avian fatality

description: This appears to be the first study at the University of Calgary to assess bird collisions with buildings. Through an exploratory approach the intention was to gain an understanding of birds colliding with buildings at the university. Bird collisions were documented at the University of Calgary during the 2013 spring and fall bird migration. Only five birds were found to collide with four building structures. The low sample size posed challenges in undertaking statistical analysis. This research contributes a new vegetation density matrix and additions to Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Pilot Credit 55. The information in this study may be built upon in order to conduct confirmatory research that accurately determines the extent of bird-building collisions at the University of Calgary and will, in turn, contribute to conservation of resident and migratory bird populations.
Protecting and Enhancing Spin Squeezing via Continuous Dynamical Decoupling
Creators: name: Chaudhry, Adam Zaman
name: Gong, Jiangbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Realizing useful quantum operations with high fidelity is a two-task quantum control problem wherein decoherence is to be suppressed and desired unitary evolution is to be executed. The dynamical decoupling (DD) approach to decoherence suppression has been fruitful but synthesizing DD fields with certain quantum control fields may be experimentally demanding. In the context of spin squeezing, here we explore an unforeseen possibility that continuous DD fields may serve dual purposes at once. In particular, it is shown that a rather simple configuration of DD fields can suppress collective decoherence and yield a 1/N scaling of the squeezing performance (N is the number of spins), thus making spin squeezing more robust to noise and much closer to the so-called Heisenberg limit. The theoretical predictions should be within the reach of current spin squeezing experiments.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitting to PRA
The limitations of changing behaviours by changing minds in the context of inequalities in the workplace
Creators: name: VALVERDE, Juan Carlos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Organizational Behavioral Psychology

description: Class inequalities in the workplace exist in different developed and emerging economies. Researchers in different countries have found that darker skin-tone individuals have markedly lower occupational statuses, and that certain elite professions remain closed to middle class individuals (Flores & Telles, 2012) (Francis, 2006) (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2018). Examples of prejudice abound in the literature. For example, top employers in the United Kingdom have been found to sift back as far as school to select candidates on the basis of social class (Lott, 2002) F (Rolfe & Anderson, 2003) (Sommerlad, 2007) (The Panel on Fair Access to the Professions, 2009). Different institutions around the world have sponsored interventions to change the way people think about inequalities and discrimination at work, but the results have been frequently discouraging (OECD, 2017) (Jones, King, J., Geller, & Bowes-Sperry, 2013). This essay explains some of the reasons why these interventions have failed to deliver the expected results. The first two sections explore why the traditional methods to reduce inequalities in the workplace have been to a great degree ineffective. The third section explores why in some instances they paradoxically increase the inequalities they attempt to reduce. In the fourth section, the essay explores why these interventions are particularly hard to deploy at larger scale. Finally, some brief conclusions are offered to the reader.
Upper transition point for percolation on the enhanced binary tree: A sharpened lower bound
Creators: name: Baek, Seung Ki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyperbolic structures are obtained by tiling a hyperbolic surface with negative Gaussian curvature. These structures generally exhibit two percolation transitions: a system-wide connection can be established at a certain occupation probability $p=p_{c1}$ and there emerges a unique giant cluster at $p_{c2} > p_{c1}$. There have been debates about locating the upper transition point of a prototypical hyperbolic structure called the enhanced binary tree (EBT), which is constructed by adding loops to a binary tree. This work presents its lower bound as $p_{c2} \gtrsim 0.55$ by using phenomenological renormalization-group methods and discusses some solvable models related to the EBT.
description: 12 pages, 20 figures
New method for measuring longitudinal fuctuations and directed flow in ultrarelativistic heavy ion reactions
Creators: name: Csernai, L. P.
name: Eyyubova, G.
name: Magas, V. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown in recent ALICE@LHC measurements that the odd flow harmonics, in particular a directed flow, v1, occurred to be weak and dominated by random fluctuations. In this work we propose a new method, which makes the measurements more sensitive to the flow patterns showing global collective symmetries. We demonstrate how the longitudinal center of mass rapidity fluctuations can be identified, and then the collective flow analysis can be performed in the event-by-event center of mass frame. Such a method can be very effective in separating the flow patterns originating from random fluctuations, and the flow patterns originating from the global symmetry of the initial state.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Improving The Evaluation Of Marine Ecosystems Environmental Status
Creators: name: Eero, Margit
name: Ojaveer, Henn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011

description: Assessments of the environmental status of marine ecosystems are increasingly needed to inform management decisions, regulate human pressures and meet policy objectives. Ecosystem assessments however have a number of methodological challenges including the selection of appropriate indicators and definition of reference conditions corresponding to “good” or “bad” status of the ecosystem. Furthermore, the combination of individual indicators to an overall ecosystem status involves a number of methodological choices.

Currently ecosystem assessments usually focus on the outcome of the evaluation and corresponding management actions, with less attention paid to the evaluation procedure itself. However, the methodological choices made during the evaluation process can, in some cases, be highly influential to the overall result of the evaluation. Here the case study of the Baltic Sea is used to address some of these methodological challenges in order to improve the transparency of the assessment procedure and help to set priorities for future work.
Cognitive architecture and the function of human cognition
Creators: name: Fox, Nathan Josephe
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A number of models of cognitive architecture have been advanced with the intention of providing some sense of the psychological processes that subserve a range of behaviours. For instance, Sober & Wilson (1998), C. Daniel Batson (1988) and Robert Frank (1988 and 1990) attempt to account for contrasting (if not contradictory) behaviours – respectively, hedonistic and altruistic behaviour, self-oriented behaviour and other-oriented behaviour marked by empathetic reactions, and behaviour that reflects rational self-interest in material incentives and behaviour that tends to produce long-term benefits in social interactions. However, the approaches that I have examined encounter difficulties. One difficulty in basing psychological models on empirical data is that the mental states that precede and accompany motivations may be ambiguous or obscure. Those states may be composite states consisting of components that are inextricably linked. For instance, it is not clear whether an altruistic act has some desire for pleasure lurking in the shadows. In Sober & Wilson’s approach, cognitive structure is predicted largely on the basis of general factors in the natural selection of cognitive devices, e.g., their availability for selection, energetic efficiency, and reliability. However, the particular factors that play a role in the aetiology of traits depend upon the function that those traits evolved to perform. For instance, while the reliability of a physical system component may certainly be an important general factor in natural selection, it may be a detriment for a device that has as a particular biological function the production of phenotypic flexibility. To avoid the problems that I identified in these approaches, I derived a model of cognitive architecture that is intended to predict motivations and actions that are consistent with aspects of evolutionary theory about the function of cognition. The theory upon which I depended is advanced in Peter Godfrey-Smith’s book Complexity and the Function of Mind if Nature. He proposes that there is a single overarching adaptive function for the mind: to subserve adaptive plasticity. Accordingly, my model suggests a general pattern in the sequencing of human mental states that would tend to maximize behavioural flexibility as a means of maximizing inclusive fitness.
Ice growth phenomenology in the presence of non-electrolytes: from small molecules to antifreeze proteins
Creators: name: Pirzadeh, Payman
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: Chemistry
Chemistry--Physical

description: Ice is a well known material, and is found in a variety of shapes on earth and its atmosphere. Despite all the investigations on ice, the molecular details of its growth from a liquid phase have yet to be resolved. Molecular-level understanding of ice growth helps better controlling and engineering ice formation in cryopreservation, cryosurgery and the food industry. In this thesis, the growth of ice from pure melt and solution is investigated using a molecular dynamics approach. The formation and evolution of water rings have been the focus of this work in the case of ice growth from pure water as well as the influence of non-electrolyte solutes and gas hydrates. In the case of growth from pure water, the key single and coupled ring features participating in the transition of water to ice have been identified. While the presence of non-electrolyte solutes typically suppresses the populations of these rings, it can enhance formation of a special feature on the surface of ice, identified as the coupled 5-8 ring defect, which can play an essential role in promoting stacking faults within the ice crystal. The coupled 5-8 ring defects can initiate structural fluctuations promoting occurrence of 5-member rings in the case of a supersaturated methane solution, elevating the local density of methane molecules and ultimately nucleating an amorphous phase of methane clathrate hydrate. Furthermore, the coupled 5-8 ring defects appear to serve as grain boundaries, and potentially inhibit recrystallization of ice crystals, particularly in the presence of antifreeze proteins (AFPs). The relative structural flexibility of AFPs, their ability to retain the hydration shell upon crystallization of bulk water and the hydrophobic nature of their ice binding site apparently enable them to induce these defects when they interact with the pyramidal faces of hexagonal ice. In addition to the structural descriptions of the ice-water interface, thermodynamic properties such as energy, entropy, and free energy across the ice-water interface have been estimated. Furthermore, a stepwise evolution of order is observed during the growth of ice using the populations of single and coupled rings as order parameters. A crystallization funnel is suggested which captures the structural and thermodynamic evolution of water molecules towards the crystalline state. In addition to the molecular-level insights into the ice growth, this thesis also provides suggestions for future explorations.
Linearization of CIF Through SOS
Creators: name: Agut, Damian Nadales
name: Reniers, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.2; D.3.1;

description: Linearization is the procedure of rewriting a process term into a linear form, which consist only of basic operators of the process language. This procedure is interesting both from a theoretical and a practical point of view. In particular, a linearization algorithm is needed for the Compositional Interchange Format (CIF), an automaton based modeling language. The problem of devising efficient linearization algorithms is not trivial, and has been already addressed in literature. However, the linearization algorithms obtained are the result of an inventive process, and the proof of correctness comes as an afterthought. Furthermore, the semantic specification of the language does not play an important role on the design of the algorithm. In this work we present a method for obtaining an efficient linearization algorithm, through a step-wise refinement of the SOS rules of CIF. As a result, we show how the semantic specification of the language can guide the implementation of such a procedure, yielding a simple proof of correctness.
description: In Proceedings EXPRESS 2011, arXiv:1108.4077
NNLO soft function for electroweak boson production at large transverse momentum
Creators: name: Becher, Thomas
name: Bell, Guido
name: Marti, Stefanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The soft function relevant for the production of an electroweak boson (photon, W, Z or H) with large transverse momentum at a hadron collider is computed at next-to-next-to-leading order. This is the first two-loop computation of a soft function involving three light-cone directions. With the result, the threshold resummation for these processes can now be performed at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Quantum local-equilibrium state with fixed multiplicity constraint and Bose-Einstein momentum correlations
Creators: name: Adzhymambetov, M. D.
name: Akkelin, S. V.
name: Sinyukov, Yu. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one- and two-boson momentum spectra are derived in the quantum local-equilibrium canonical ensemble of noninteracting bosons with a fixed particle number constraint. We define the canonical ensemble as a subensemble of events associated with the grand-canonical ensemble. Applying simple hydro-inspired parametrization with parameter values that correspond roughly to the values at the system's breakup in $p+p$ collisions at the LHC energies, we compare our findings with the treatment which is based on the grand-canonical ensembles where mean particle numbers coincide with fixed particle numbers in the canonical ensembles. We observe a significantly greater sensitivity of the two-particle momentum correlation functions to fixed multiplicity constraint compared to one-particle momentum spectra. The results of our analysis may be useful for interpretation of multiplicity-dependent measurements of $p+p$ collision events.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures
NICU Staff Use of Taste For Preterm Infants
Creators: name: Mahabeer, Rikhye
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Taste
subject: Gustation
subject: EBM
subject: Neonates
subject: Premature
subject: Digestion
subject: NGT
subject: OGT
subject: Breast
subject: Milk

description: Background: Food taste experience for tube fed preterm infants is sporadic and provided with milk feeds or glucose solutions. It is unknown how often taste experience is provided with tube feeding. Objectives: The research examined the knowledge, beliefs, and practices of NICU staff regarding preterm infant taste and whether these factors differ among staff by NICU site, experience, or profession. Methods: A cross sectional survey method was used and a 14 item questionnaire was developed. Results: The majority of staff lacked knowledge regarding fetal and preterm sense of taste development. Conversely, staff believed strongly in, and routinely provided taste during tube feeding. Practice varied across professions and by months of experience. Practice did not vary to the same degree by NICU sites. Conclusions: Opportunities exist to address gaps in NICU staff knowledge of preterm infant taste. Standardization of taste practices and updating of guiding documents are needed.
‘La Mesure De L’Instant’ − Romanszene Und Malerei In Der Französischen Spätaufklärung
Creators: name: Schöch, Christof
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Enlightenment
French Literature
French Novel
Eighteenth-Century

description: Wenn von der Zeitlichkeit in Literatur und Malerei die Rede ist, so wird man zunächst an die doppelte Zeitstruktur narrativer Texte sowie an die Darstellung eines sorgfältig gewählten, prägnanten Moments in der Malerei denken. Ebenso präsent ist die Frage nach den Möglichkeiten der Bilder, einen zeitlichen und narrativen Ablauf darzustellen. Die umgekehrte Frage, die nach den Möglichkeiten der Sprache, zeitlichen Stillstand, Gleichzeitigkeit, den einzelnen Augenblick darzustellen, wird deutlich seltener gestellt. Genau dies soll hier getan werden, und zwar am Beispiel einer Epoche, in welcher dem Augenblick eine besondere Rolle zukommt. In der Tat wird im europäischen 18. Jahrhundert erstmals nicht mehr das kontinuierliche Fließen der Zeit betont, sondern ihre Fragmentierung in einzelne Augenblicke. Rückt der Augenblick ins Zentrum, stellt sich die Frage nach seinen Qualitäten und seiner Dauer, aber auch nach den Modalitäten seiner Darstellung. Georges Poulet war der Frage nach der „mesure de l’instant“ mit einem Ansatz nachgegangen, der philosophische und literarische Aspekte verband. Der vorliegende Beitrag möchte die Darstellung des Augenblicks aus einer intermedialen Perspektive in den Blick nehmen: Im Zusammenspiel von Malerei und Roman in der französischen Spätaufklärung.
Magnetic dipole operator from chiral effective field theory for many-body expansion methods
Creators: name: Seutin, R.
name: Hernandez, O. J.
name: Miyagi, T.
name: Bacca, S.
name: Hebeler, K.
name: König, S.
name: Schwenk, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many-body approaches for atomic nuclei generally rely on a basis expansion of the nuclear states, interactions, and current operators. In this work, we derive the representation of the magnetic dipole operator in plane-wave and harmonic-oscillator basis states, as needed for Faddeev calculations of few-body systems or many-body calculations within, e.g., the no-core shell model, the in-medium renormalization group, coupled-cluster theory, or the nuclear shell model. We focus in particular on the next-to-leading-order two-body contributions derived from chiral effective field theory. We provide detailed benchmarks and also comparisons with quantum Monte Carlo results for three-body systems. The derived operator matrix elements represent the basic input for studying magnetic properties of atomic nuclei based on chiral effective field theory.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Compact stars in scalar-tensor theories with a single-well potential and the corresponding $f(R)$ theory
Creators: name: Pretel, Juan M. Z.
name: Jorás, Sergio E.
name: Reis, Ribamar R. R.
name: Duarte, Sergio B.
name: Arbañil, José D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The macroscopic properties of compact stars in modified gravity theories can be significantly different from the general relativistic (GR) predictions. Within the gravitational context of scalar-tensor theories, with a scalar field $ϕ$ and coupling function $Φ(ϕ)= \exp[2ϕ/\sqrt{3}]$, we investigate the hydrostatic equilibrium structure of neutron stars for the simple potential $V(ϕ)= ωϕ^2/2$ defined in the Einstein frame (EF). From the scalar field in the EF, we also interpret such theories as $f(R)$ gravity in the corresponding Jordan frame (JF). The mass-radius relations, proper mass, and binding energy are obtained for a polytropic equation of state (EoS) in the JF. Our results reveal that the maximum-mass values increase substantially as $ω$ gets smaller, while the radius and mass decrease in the low-central-density region as we move further away from the pure GR scenario. Furthermore, a cusp is formed when the binding energy is plotted as a function of the proper mass, which indicates the appearance of instability. Specifically, we find that the central-density value where the binding energy is a minimum corresponds precisely to $dM/dρ_c^J = 0$ on the $M(ρ_c^J)$-curve.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Physics of the Dark Universe
Hydrogen site occupancy and strength of forces in nano-sized metal hydrides
Creators: name: Pálsson, Gunnar K.
name: Wälde, Moritz
name: Amft, Martin
name: Wu, Yuanyuan
name: Ahlberg, Martina
name: Wolff, Max
name: Pundt, Astrid
name: Hjörvarsson, Björgvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dipole force components in nano-sized metal hydrides are quantitatively determined with curvature and x-ray diffraction measurements. Ab-initio density functional theory is used to calculate the dipole components and the symmetry of the strain field. The hydrogen occupancy in a 100 nm thick V film is shown to be tetrahedral with a slight asymmetry at low concentration and a transition to octahedral occupancy is shown to take place at around 0.07 [H/V] at 360 K. When the thickness of the V layer is reduced to 3 nm and biaxially strained, in a Fe_0.5V_0.5/V superlattice, the hydrogen unequivocally occupies octahedral z-like sites, even at and below concentrations of 0.02 [H/V].