cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rapid virus production and removal as measured with fluorescently labeled viruses as tracers
Creators: name: Fuhrman, J.A.
name: Noble, R.T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Pelagic marine viruses have been shown to cause significant mortality of heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, and phytoplankton. It was previously demonstrated, in nearshore California waters, that viruses contributed to up to 50% of bacterial mortality, comparable to protists. However, in less productive waters, rates of virus production and removal and estimates of virus-mediated bacterial mortality have been difficult to determine. We have measured rates of virus production and removal, in nearshore and offshore California waters, by using fluorescently labeled viruses (FLV) as tracers. Our approach is mathematically similar to the isotope dilution technique, employed in the past to simultaneously measure the release and uptake of ammonia and amino acids. The results indicated overall virus removal rates in the dark ranging from 1.8 to 6.2% h-1 and production rates in the dark ranging from 1.9 to 6.1% h-1, corresponding to turnover times of virus populations of 1 to 2 days, even in oligotrophic offshore waters. Virus removal rates determined by the FLV tracer method were compared to rates of virus degradation, determined at the same locations by radiolabeling methods, and were similar even though the current FLV method is suitable for only dark incubations. Our results support previous findings that virus impacts on bacterial populations may be more important in some environments and less so in others. This new method can be used to determine rates of virus degradation, production, and turnover in eutrophic, mesotrophic, and oligotrophic waters and will provide important inputs for future investigations of microbial food webs.
Breakdown and microbial uptake of marine viruses and other lysis products
Creators: name: Fuhrman, J.A.
name: Noble, R.T.
Publisher: name: Inter-Research
Year: 1999

description: To understand the roles of marine viruses in marine microbial food webs, it is important to determine rates and mechanisms of virus degradation and subsequent uptake of degraded virus material and other cell lysis products by heterotrophic marine bacteria. We radiolabeled and concentrated viruses and viral lysis products from either pure cultures (3H) or natural communities (3H and 33P) and added them to seawater samples of differing trophic status from coastal (mesotrophic) and offshore (oligotrophic) California waters and French Mediterranean waters (oligotrophic). Rates of degradation were determined by the loss of high molecular weight radiolabel over time and the fate of the degraded material (microbial uptake or accumulation in low molecular weight pools) was followed by size fractionation and/or acid extraction. Preliminary experiments with 3H-labeled, single-stranded RNA phage MS2 and marine phage H11/1 demonstrated that MS2 degraded significantly faster in coastal Santa Monica Bay seawater (2.5 ± 0.6% h-1), than the marine phage, H11/1 (0.99 ± 0.1% h-1). For labeled virus material from natural populations, rates of degradation were slower in oligotrophic waters (ranges from 1.0 to 3.3% h-1) than in mesotrophic waters (ranges from 4.9 to 6.0% h-1), corresponding to turnover rates of 1 to 4 d for this material. Degradation rates of labeled virus material are likely underestimates, because during preparation, degradation and uptake are continually occurring, resulting in accumulation of the less reactive products. The proportion of radiolabeled material taken up by microbes was greatest in oligotrophic waters, especially in the phosphate-limited Villefranche Bay, France, where most of the 33PO4-labeled material was taken up in less than 7 h. In contrast, the majority of degraded 3H-labeled material was not accumulated into biomass, and in 3 of 4 samples, accumulation was hardly detectable. The results suggest that viruses and lysis products are labile and turn over relatively rapidly, but often may not be efficiently incorporated into bacterial biomass.
dc Josephson Effect in Altermagnets
Creators: name: Ouassou, Jabir Ali
name: Brataas, Arne
name: Linder, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability of magnetic materials to modify superconducting systems is an active research area for possible applications in thermoelectricity, quantum sensing, and spintronics. We consider the fundamental properties of the Josephson effect in a third class of magnetic materials beyond ferromagnets and antiferromagnets: altermagnets. We show that despite having no net magnetization, altermagnets induce $0$-$π$ oscillations. The decay length and oscillation period of the Josephson coupling are qualitatively different from ferromagnetic junctions and depend on the crystallographic orientation of the altermagnet. The Josephson effect in altermagnets thus serves a dual purpose: it acts as a signature that distinguishes altermagnetism from conventional (anti)ferromagnetism and offers a way to tune the supercurrent via flow direction anisotropy.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Non-Markovian dynamics of mixed-state geometric phase of dissipative qubits
Creators: name: Guo, Wei
name: Ma, Jian
name: Yin, Xiaolei
name: Zhong, Wei
name: Wang, Xiaoguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the geometric phase of a two-level atom (qubit) coupled to a bosonic reservoir with Lorentzian spectral density, and find that for the non-Markovian dynamics in which rotating-wave approximation (RWA) is performed, geometric phase has a $π$-phase jump at the nodal point. However, the exact result without RWA given by hierarchy equation of motion method shows that there is no such a phase jump or nodal structure in geometric phase. Thus our results demonstrate that the counter-rotating terms significantly contribute to the geometric phase in multi-mode Hamiltonian under certain circumstances.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Effects of viral enrichment on the mortality and growth of heterotrophic bacterioplankton
Creators: name: Middelboe, M.
name: Noble, R.T.
name: Fuhrman, J.A.
Publisher: name: Inter-Research
Year: 1999

description: The direct effects of viral enrichments upon natural populations of marine viruses and bacteria were studied in seawater from Santa Monica Bay, CA, USA. Active virus concentrates, or control additions (ultrafiltered seawater or autoclaved virus concentrate) were added to 2 1 incubations of protist-free seawater, and the effects were monitored for about 3 d. At the beginning of the experiments, the virus numbers reflected the expected addition of intact virus particles as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Subsequently, the mean frequency of visibly infected bacteria (FVIB; % bacteria which were visibly infected with 5 or more virus-like particles) was greater in the enriched incubations than in the controls. In controls, the estimated percent of bacteria that were infected remained constant at about 5 to 10 % of the total bacterial population, but with active enrichment, 10 to 35 % of the total bacterial population was infected at a given time. Therefore, by increasing the concentration of active viruses in seawater incubations we were able to increase the amount of bacterial mortality attributed to virus infection. Even with the presumed increase in bacterial mortality, the net increases in bacterial abundance in the samples that were enriched with active virus concentrate were higher than those seen in the controls. The vital abundance in bottles that were enriched with the active virus concentrate was significantly higher than that in the controls in Expts 2 and 3 (p < 0.05), but by the end of the experiments, viral abundances in the enriched incubations approached control levels. In Expts 1 and 2, rates of DOP hydrolysis were higher in the samples enriched with the active virus concentrate, and may have been due to an increase in the incidence of viral lysis. However, overall analysis of DCAA, DFAA, and DOP hydrolysis were quite variable and difficult to interpret. Results indicate that viral enrichment increased the incidence of bacterial infection and consequently stimulated the growth of subpopulations of non-infected heterotrophic bacterioplankton.
Rapid Sequence Identification of Potential Pathogens Using Techniques from Sparse Linear Algebra
Creators: name: Dodson, Stephanie
name: Ricke, Darrell O.
name: Kepner, Jeremy
name: Chiu, Nelson
name: Shcherbina, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The decreasing costs and increasing speed and accuracy of DNA sample collection, preparation, and sequencing has rapidly produced an enormous volume of genetic data. However, fast and accurate analysis of the samples remains a bottleneck. Here we present D$^{4}$RAGenS, a genetic sequence identification algorithm that exhibits the Big Data handling and computational power of the Dynamic Distributed Dimensional Data Model (D4M). The method leverages linear algebra and statistical properties to increase computational performance while retaining accuracy by subsampling the data. Two run modes, Fast and Wise, yield speed and precision tradeoffs, with applications in biodefense and medical diagnostics. The D$^{4}$RAGenS analysis algorithm is tested over several datasets, including three utilized for the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) metagenomic algorithm contest.
Additional file 6 of Unmarried Sri Lankan youth: sexual behaviour and contraceptive use
Creators: name: Kumarasinghe, Malith
name: De Silva, W. Indralal
name: de Silva, Ranjith
name: Suranga, M. Suchira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6: Table. Sexual behavior and contraceptive use by sex.
Approximation of Smectic-A liquid crystals
Creators: name: Guillén-González, Francisco
name: Tierra, Giordano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q35, 65M60, 76A15

description: In this paper, we present energy-stable numerical schemes for a Smectic-A liquid crystal model. This model involve the hydrodynamic velocity-pressure macroscopic variables $({\bf u},p)$ and the microscopic order parameter of Smectic-A liquid crystals, where its molecules have a uniaxial orientational order and a positional order by layers of normal and unitary vector ${\bf n}$. We start from the formulation given in \cite{E} by using the so-called layer variable $ϕ$ such that ${\bf n}=\nabla ϕ$ and the level sets of $ϕ$ describe the layer structure of the Smectic-A liquid crystal. Then, a strongly non-linear parabolic system is derived coupling velocity and pressure unknowns of the Navier-Stokes equations $({\bf u},p)$ with a fourth order parabolic equation for $ϕ$. We will give a reformulation as a mixed second order problem which let us to define some new energy-stable numerical schemes, by using second order finite differences in time and $C^0$-finite elements in space. Finally, numerical simulations are presented for $2D$-domains, showing the evolution of the system until it reaches an equilibrium configuration. Up to our knowledge, there is not any previous numerical analysis for this type of models.
description: 19 pages
Additional file 1 of Analysis and applications of respiratory surface EMG: report of a round table meeting
Creators: name: Jonkman, A. H.
name: Warnaar, R. S. P.
name: Baccinelli, W.
name: Carbon, N. M.
name: D’Cruz, R. F.
name: Doorduin, J.
name: van Doorn, J. L. M.
name: Elshof, J.
name: Estrada-Petrocelli, L.
name: Graßhoff, J.
name: Heunks, L. M. A.
name: Koopman, A. A.
name: Langer, D.
name: Moore, C. M.
name: Nunez Silveira, J. M.
name: Petersen, E.
name: Poddighe, D.
name: Ramsay, M.
name: Rodrigues, A.
name: Roesthuis, L. H.
name: Rossel, A.
name: Torres, A.
name: Duiverman, M. L.
name: Oppersma, E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. AF1_Background_expert_group. A comprehensive overview of the background, clinical field and academic degree of the expert group
Interaction of antiproton with nuclei
Creators: name: Hrtánková, J.
name: Mareš, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed fully self-consistent calculations of $\bar{p}$-nuclear bound states within the relativistic mean-field (RMF) model. The G-parity motivated $\bar{p}$-meson coupling constants were adjusted to yield potentials consistent with $\bar{p}$-atom data. We confirmed large polarization effects of the nuclear core caused by the presence of the antiproton. The $\bar{p}$ absorption in the nucleus was incorporated by means of the imaginary part of a phenomenological optical potential. The phase space reduction for the $\bar{p}$ annihilation products was taken into account. The corresponding $\bar{p}$ width in the medium significantly decreases, however, it still remains considerable for the $\bar{p}$ potential consistent with experimental data.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, talk given at the International Conference on Exotic Atoms and Related Topics (EXA 2014), Vienna, Austria, September 15 - 19, 2014
An Architecture For Cooperative Mobile Health Applications
Creators: name: Drakopoulos, Georgios
name: Mylonas, Phivos
name: Sioutas, Spyros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05C12, 05C20, 05C80, 05C85

description: Mobile health applications are steadily gaining momentum in the modern world given the omnipresence of various mobile or WiFi connections. Given that the bandwidth of these connections increases over time, especially in conjunction with advanced modulation and error-correction codes, whereas the latency drops, the cooperation between mobile applications becomes gradually easier. This translates to reduced computational burden and heat dissipation for each isolated device at the expense of increased privacy risks. This chapter presents a configurable and scalable edge computing architecture for cooperative digital health mobile applications.
Additional file 7 of Unmarried Sri Lankan youth: sexual behaviour and contraceptive use
Creators: name: Kumarasinghe, Malith
name: De Silva, W. Indralal
name: de Silva, Ranjith
name: Suranga, M. Suchira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 7: Table. Type of partner involved in sexual intercourse among unmarried youth.
Use of SYBR Green I for rapid epifluorescence counts of marine viruses and bacteria
Creators: name: Fuhrman, J.A.
name: Noble, R.T.
Publisher: name: Inter-Research
Year: 1998

description: A new nucleic acid stain, SYBR Green I, can be used for the rapid and accurate determination of viral and bacterial abundances in diverse marine samples. We tested this stain with formalin-preserved samples of coastal water and also from depth profiles (to 800 m) from sites 19 and 190 km offshore, by filtering a few ml onto 0.02 μn pore-size filters and staining for 15 min. Comparison of bacterial counts to those made with acridine orange (AO) and virus counts with those made by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed very strong correlations. Bacterial counts with AO and SYBR Green I were indistinguishable and almost perfectly correlated (r2 = 0.99). Virus counts ranged widely, from 0.03 to 15 × 107 virus ml-1. Virus counts by SYBR Green I were on the average higher than those made by TEM, and a SYBR Green I versus TEM plot yielded a regression slope of 1.28. The correlation between the two was very high with an r2 value of 0.98. The precision of the SYBR Green I method was the same as that for TEM, with coefficients of variation of 2.9%. SYBR Green I stained viruses and bacteria are intensely stained and easy to distinguish from other particles with both older and newer generation epifluorescence microscopes. Detritus is generally not stained, unlike when the alternative dye YoPro I is used, so this approach may be suitable for sediments. SYBR Green I stained samples need no desalting or heating, can be fixed with formalin prior to filtration, the optimal staining time is 15 min (resulting in a total preparation time of less than 25 min), and counts can be easily performed at sea immediately after sampling. This method may facilitate incorporation of viral research into most aquatic microbiology laboratories.
EARL: An Elliptical Distribution aided Adaptive Rotation Label Assignment for Oriented Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images
Creators: name: Guan, Jian
name: Xie, Mingjie
name: Lin, Youtian
name: He, Guangjun
name: Feng, Pengming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Label assignment is a crucial process in object detection, which significantly influences the detection performance by determining positive or negative samples during training process. However, existing label assignment strategies barely consider the characteristics of targets in remote sensing images (RSIs) thoroughly, e.g., large variations in scales and aspect ratios, leading to insufficient and imbalanced sampling and introducing more low-quality samples, thereby limiting detection performance. To solve the above problems, an Elliptical Distribution aided Adaptive Rotation Label Assignment (EARL) is proposed to select high-quality positive samples adaptively in anchor-free detectors. Specifically, an adaptive scale sampling (ADS) strategy is presented to select samples adaptively among multi-level feature maps according to the scales of targets, which achieves sufficient sampling with more balanced scale-level sample distribution. In addition, a dynamic elliptical distribution aided sampling (DED) strategy is proposed to make the sample distribution more flexible to fit the shapes and orientations of targets, and filter out low-quality samples. Furthermore, a spatial distance weighting (SDW) module is introduced to integrate the adaptive distance weighting into loss function, which makes the detector more focused on the high-quality samples. Extensive experiments on several popular datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed EARL, where without bells and whistles, it can be easily applied to different detectors and achieve state-of-the-art performance. The source code will be available at: https://github.com/Justlovesmile/EARL.
The Core Normal Type Ia Supernova 2019np: An Overall Spherical Explosion with an Aspherical Surface Layer and an Aspherical 56Ni Core
Creators: name: Hoeflich, Peter
name: Yang, Yi
name: Baade, Dietrich
name: Cikota, Aleksandar
name: Maund, Justyn R.
name: Mishra, Divya
name: Patat, Ferdinando
name: Patra, Kishore C.
name: Wang, Lifan
name: Wheeler, J. Craig
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Gal-Yam, Avishay
name: Schulze, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical spectropolarimetry of the normal thermonuclear supernova SN2019np from -14.5 to +14.5 days relative to B-band maximum detected an intrinsic continuum polarization, p(cont), of 0.21+-0.09% at the first epoch. Between days -11.5 to +05, p(cont) remained about 0 and by day +14.5 was again significant at 0.19+-0.10%. Not considering the first epoch, the dominant axis of SiII(6355A) was roughly constant, staying close to the continuum until both rotated in opposite directions on day +14.5. Detailed radiation-hydrodynamical simulations produce a very steep density slope in the outermost ejecta so that the low first-epoch p(const) of about 0.2% nevertheless suggests a separate structure with an axis ratio of about 2 in the outer carbon-rich 3...5E-3 Mo. Large-amplitude fluctuations in the polarization profiles and a flocculent appearance of the polar diagram for the CaII near-infrared triplet (NIR3) may be related by a common origin. The temporal evolution of the polarization spectra agrees with an off-center delayed detonation. The late-time increase in polarization and the possible change in position angle are also consistent with an aspherical 56Ni core. The p(cont) and the absorptions due to Si II(6355A) and the CaII NIR3 form in the same region of the extended photosphere, with an interplay between line occultation and thermalization producing p. Small-scale polarization features may be due to small-scale structures, but many could be related to atomic patterns of the quasi-continuum; the hardly have an equivalent in the total-flux spectrum. We compare SN2019np to other SNe and develop future objectives and strategies for SNIa spectropolarimetry.
description: 23 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables, MNRAS, submitted 11/9/22, revised 12/9/22
Incoherent excitation and switching of spin states in exciton-polariton condensates
Creators: name: Li, G.
name: Liew, T. C. H.
name: Egorov, O. A.
name: Ostrovskaya, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate, theoretically and numerically, the spin dynamics of a two-component exciton-polariton condensate created and sustained by non-resonant spin-polarized optical pumping of a semiconductor microcavity. Using the open-dissipative mean-field model, we show that the existence of well defined phase-locked steady states of the condensate may lead to efficient switching and control of spin (polarization) states with a non-resonant excitation. Spatially inhomogeneous pulsed excitations can cause symmetry breaking in the pseudo-spin structure of the condensate and lead to formation of non-trivial spin textures. Our model is universally applicable to two weakly coupled polariton condensates, and therefore can also describe the behaviour of condensate populations and phases in 'double-well' type potentials.
Resumen resultados estadísticos
Creators: name: Marín, Paula
name: Valencia, Margarita
name: Ruiz, Juan Camilo
name: Agudelo, Ana María
name: Cardona, María Camila
name: López, Andrés
name: Guzmán, Diana Paola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: librerías usuarios

description: Resumen estadístico de resultados de análisis de encuesta realizada a usuarios de librerías en el proyecto: Librerías y lectores en Bogotá, Medellín y Cali. Espacios agentes y experiencias en el presente.
Transition from acoustic plasmon to electronic sound in graphene
Creators: name: Ruiz, David Barcons
name: Hesp, Niels C. H.
name: Sheinfux, Hanan Herzig
name: Marimón, Carlos Ramos
name: Maissen, Curdin Martin
name: Principi, Alessandro
name: Asgari, Reza
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Polini, Marco
name: Hillenbrand, Rainer
name: Torre, Iacopo
name: Koppens, Frank H. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fermi liquids respond differently to perturbations depending on whether their frequency is larger (collisionless regime) or smaller (hydrodynamic regime) than the inter-particle collision rate. This results in a different phase velocity between the collisionless zero sound and hydrodynamic first sound. We performed terahertz photocurrent nanoscopy measurements on graphene devices, with a metallic gate in close proximity to the sample, to probe the dispersion of propagating acoustic plasmons, the counterpart of sound modes in electronic Fermi liquids. We report the observation of a change in the plasmon phase velocity when the excitation frequency approaches the electron-electron collision rate. This first observation of the first sound mode in an electronic Fermi liquid is of fundamental interest and can enable novel terahertz emitter and detection implementations.
Blockchain For Mobile Health Applications: Acceleration With GPU Computing
Creators: name: Drakopoulos, Georgios
name: Marountas, Michail
name: Liapakis, Xenophon
name: Tzimas, Giannis
name: Mylonas, Phivos
name: Sioutas, Spyros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65Y05, 68Q05, 68Q10, 68W10

description: Blockchain is a linearly linked, distributed, and very robust data structure. Originally proposed as part of the Bitcoin distributed stack, it found a number of applications in a number of fields, most notably in smart contracts, social media, secure IoT, and cryptocurrency mining. It ensures data integrity by distributing strongly encrypted data in widely redundant segments. Each new insertion requires verification and approval by the majority of the users of the blockchain. Both encryption and verification are computationally intensive tasks which cannot be solved with ordinary off-the-shelf CPUs. This has resulted in a renewed scientific interest in secure distributed communication and coordination protocols. Mobile health applications are growing progressively popular and have the enormous advantage of timely diagnosis of certain conditions. However, privacy concerns have been raised as mobile health application by default have access to highly sensitive personal data. This chapter presents concisely how blockchain can be applied to mobile health applications in order to enhance privacy.
Additional file 8 of Unmarried Sri Lankan youth: sexual behaviour and contraceptive use
Creators: name: Kumarasinghe, Malith
name: De Silva, W. Indralal
name: de Silva, Ranjith
name: Suranga, M. Suchira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 8: Table. Use of contraception and selected variables among unmarried youth among unmarried youth who ever had sexual intercourse (N = 184).
3D Dust Mapping Reveals that Orion Forms Part of a Large Ring of Dust
Creators: name: Schlafly, E. F.
name: Green, G.
name: Finkbeiner, D. P.
name: Rix, H. -W.
name: Burgett, W. S.
name: Chambers, K. C.
name: Draper, P. W.
name: Kaiser, N.
name: Martin, N. F.
name: Metcalfe, N.
name: Morgan, J. S.
name: Price, P. A.
name: Tonry, J. L.
name: Wainscoat, R. J.
name: Waters, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Orion Molecular Complex is the nearest site of ongoing high-mass star formation, making it one of the most extensively studied molecular complexes in the Galaxy. We have developed a new technique for mapping the 3D distribution of dust in the Galaxy using Pan-STARRS1 photometry. We isolate the dust at the distance to Orion using this technique, revealing a large (100 pc, 14 degree diameter), previously unrecognized ring of dust, which we term the "Orion dust ring." The ring includes Orion A and B, and is not coincident with current H-alpha features. The circular morphology suggests formation as an ancient bubble in the interstellar medium, though we have not been able to conclusively identify the source of the bubble. This hint at the history of Orion may have important consequences for models of high-mass star formation and triggered star formation.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Non-Abelian Anyons and Non-Abelian Vortices in Topological Superconductors
Creators: name: Masaki, Yusuke
name: Mizushima, Takeshi
name: Nitta, Muneto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anyons are particles obeying statistics of neither bosons nor fermions. Non-Abelian anyons, whose exchanges are described by a non-Abelian group acting on a set of wave functions, are attracting a great attention because of possible applications to topological quantum computations. Braiding of non-Abelian anyons corresponds to quantum computations. The simplest non-Abelian anyons are Ising anyons which can be realized by Majorana fermions hosted by vortices or edges of topological superconductors, $ν=5/2$ quantum Hall states, spin liquids, and dense quark matter. While Ising anyons are insufficient for universal quantum computations, Fibonacci anyons present in $ν=12/5$ quantum Hall states can be used for universal quantum computations. Yang-Lee anyons are non-unitary counterparts of Fibonacci anyons. Another possibility of non-Abelian anyons (of bosonic origin) is given by vortex anyons, which are constructed from non-Abelian vortices supported by a non-Abelian first homotopy group, relevant for certain nematic liquid crystals, superfluid $^3$He, spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, and high density quark matter. Finally, there is a unique system admitting two types of non-Abelian anyons, Majorana fermions (Ising anyons) and non-Abelian vortex anyons. That is $^3P_2$ superfluids (spin-triplet, $p$-wave paring of neutrons), expected to exist in neutron star interiors as the largest topological quantum matter in our universe.
description: 35 pages, 12 figures, Invited contribution to Encyclopedia of Condensed Matter Physics, 2nd edition (Elsevier), minor changes, references and comments added(v2), published version(v3)
Virus decay and its causes in coastal waters
Creators: name: Fuhrman, J.A.
name: Noble, R.T.
Publisher: name: American Society for Microbiology
Year: 1997

description: Recent evidence suggests that viruses play an influential role within the marine microbial food web. To understand this role, it is important to determine rates and mechanisms of virus removal and degradation. We used plaque assays to examine the decay of infectivity in lab-grown viruses seeded into natural seawater. The rates of loss of infectivity of native viruses from Santa Monica Bay and of nonnative viruses from the North Sea in the coastal seawater of Santa Monica Bay were determined. Viruses were seeded into fresh seawater that had been pretreated in various ways: filtration with a 0.2-μm-pore-size filter to remove organisms, heat to denature enzymes, and dissolved organic matter enrichment to reconstitute enzyme activity. Seawater samples were then incubated in full sunlight, in the dark, or under glass to allow partitioning of causative agents of virus decay. Solar radiation always resulted in increased rates of loss of virus infectivity. Virus isolates which are native to Santa Monica Bay consistently degraded more slowly in full sunlight in untreated seawater (decay ranged from 4.1 in 7.2% h-1) than nonnative marine bacteriophages which were isolated from the North Sea (decay ranged from 6.6 to 11.1% h-1). All phages demonstrated susceptibility to degradation by heat-labile substances, as heat treatment reduced the decay rates to about 0.5 to 2.0% h-1 in the dark. Filtration reduced decay rates by various amounts, averaging 20%. Heat-labile, high- molecular-weight dissolved material (>30 kDa, probably enzymes) appeared responsible for about 1/5 of the maximal decay. Solar radiation was responsible for about 1/3 to 2/3 of the maximal decay of nonnative viruses and about 1/4 to 1/3 of that of the native viruses, suggesting evolutionary adaptation to local light levels. Our results suggest that sunlight is an important contributing factor to virus decay but also point to the significance of particles and dissolved substances in seawater.
Validation Through Simulations of a Cn2 Profiler for the ESO/VLT Adaptive Optics Facility
Creators: name: Garcia-Rissmann, A.
name: Guesalaga, A.
name: Kolb, J.
name: Louarn, M. Le
name: Madec, P. -Y.
name: Neichel, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Adaptive Optics Facility (AOF) project envisages transforming one of the VLT units into an adaptive telescope and providing its ESO (European Southern Observatory) second generation instruments with turbulence corrected wavefronts. For MUSE and HAWK-I this correction will be achieved through the GALACSI and GRAAL AO modules working in conjunction with a 1170 actuators Deformable Secondary Mirror (DSM) and the new Laser Guide Star Facility (4LGSF). Multiple wavefront sensors will enable GLAO and LTAO capabilities, whose performance can greatly benefit from a knowledge about the stratification of the turbulence in the atmosphere. This work, totally based on end-to-end simulations, describes the validation tests conducted on a Cn2 profiler adapted for the AOF specifications. Because an absolute profile calibration is strongly dependent on a reliable knowledge of turbulence parameters r0 and L0, the tests presented here refer only to normalized output profiles. Uncertainties in the input parameters inherent to the code are tested as well as the profiler response to different turbulence distributions. It adopts a correction for the unseen turbulence, critical for the GRAAL mode, and highlights the effects of masking out parts of the corrected wavefront on the results. Simulations of data with typical turbulence profiles from Paranal were input to the profiler, showing that it is possible to identify reliably the input features for all the AOF modes.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in the MNRAS Accepted 2015 January 22. Received 2015 January 21; in original form 2014 December 4
Additional file 9 of Unmarried Sri Lankan youth: sexual behaviour and contraceptive use
Creators: name: Kumarasinghe, Malith
name: De Silva, W. Indralal
name: de Silva, Ranjith
name: Suranga, M. Suchira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 9: Table. Method of contraception used by age and sex among unmarried youth who ever had sexual intercourse.
Correlation between elliptic flow and shear viscosity in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Zhou, C. L.
name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Fang, D. Q.
name: Zhang, G. Q.
name: Xu, J.
name: Cao, X. G.
name: Shen, W. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The correlation between the elliptic flow $v_2$ scaled by the impact parameter $b$ and the shear viscosity $η$ as well as the specific viscosity $η/s$, defined as the ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy density $s$, is investigated for the first time in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions based on an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamic model. The elliptic flow is calculated at balance energies to exclude the geometric influence such as the blocking effect from the spectators. Our study shows that $v_{2}/b$ decreases almost linearly with increasing $η$, consistent with that observed in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. On the other hand, $v_{2}/b$ is found to increase with increasing $η/s$.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Myers-Perry Black Hole in an External Gravitational Field
Creators: name: Abdolrahimi, Shohreh
name: Kunz, Jutta
name: Nedkova, Petya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain a new exact solution of the 5D Einstein equations in vacuum describing a distorted Myers-Perry black hole with a single angular momentum. Locally, the solution is interpreted as a black hole distorted by a stationary $U(1)\times U(1)$ symmetric distribution of external matter. Technically, the solution is constructed by applying a 2-fold Bäcklund transformation on a 5D distorted Minkowski spacetime as a seed. The physical quantities of the solution are calculated, and a local Smarr-like relation on the black hole horizon is derived. It possesses the same form as the Smarr-like relation for the asymptotically flat Myers-Perry black hole. It is demonstrated that in contrast to the asymptotically flat Myers-Perry black hole, the ratio of the horizon angular momentum and the mass $J^2/ M^3$ is unbounded, and can grow arbitrarily large. We study the properties of the ergoregion and the horizon surface. The external field does not influence the horizon topology. The horizon geometry however is distorted, and any regular axisymmetric geometry is possible.
description: 33 pages, 5 figures
MPEC 2023-O122 : 2023 OJ5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 OJ5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A Chemical Strategy for Intracellular Arming of an Endogenous Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Nucleotide
Creators: name: Ciota, Alexander T.
name: Narayanan, Anoop
name: Antczak, Nicole M.
name: Cameron, Craig E.
name: Harki, Daniel A.
name: Jose, Joyce
name: Arnold, Jamie J.
name: Passow, Kellan T.
name: Caldwell, Haley S.
name: Sturla, Shana J.
name: Ngo, Kiet A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: The naturally occurring nucleotide 3′-deoxy-3′,4′-didehydro-cytidine-5′-triphosphate (ddhCTP) was recently found to exert potent and broad-spectrum antiviral activity. However, nucleoside 5′-triphosphates in general are not cell-permeable, which precludes the direct use of ddhCTP as a therapeutic. To harness the therapeutic potential of this endogenous antiviral nucleotide, we synthesized phosphoramidate prodrug HLB-0532247 (1) and found it to result in dramatically elevated levels of ddhCTP in cells. We compared 1 and 3′-deoxy-3′,4′-didehydro-cytidine (ddhC) and found that 1 more effectively reduces titers of Zika and West Nile viruses in cell culture with minimal nonspecific toxicity to host cells. We conclude that 1 is a promising antiviral agent based on a novel strategy of facilitating elevated levels of the endogenous ddhCTP antiviral nucleotide.
Abelian reductions of deformed ${\cal N}=4$ SYM
Creators: name: Cardona, Carlos
name: Lopez-Arcos, Cristhiam
name: Nastase, Horatiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the work in \cite{Mohammed:2012gi}, where the massive ABJM model in 2+1 dimensions was shown to have an abelian reduction to the relativistic Landau-Ginzburg, and motivated by the implications for condensed matter through AdS/CFT, we show that a FI deformation of ${\cal N}=4$ SYM in 3+1 dimensions with a mass term can also be reduced to a relativistic Landau-Ginzburg model, with the possibility of coupling it to a real scalar, whereas the simply mass deformed ${\cal N}=4$ SYM reduces only to a massive $ϕ^4$ model (scalar QED) coupled to a real scalar. We study the classical solutions of the model, in particular vortex solutions.
description: 17 pages, no figures
Revisiting Bellman Errors for Offline Model Selection
Creators: name: Zitovsky, Joshua P.
name: de Marchi, Daniel
name: Agarwal, Rishabh
name: Kosorok, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.8; I.6.4

description: Offline model selection (OMS), that is, choosing the best policy from a set of many policies given only logged data, is crucial for applying offline RL in real-world settings. One idea that has been extensively explored is to select policies based on the mean squared Bellman error (MSBE) of the associated Q-functions. However, previous work has struggled to obtain adequate OMS performance with Bellman errors, leading many researchers to abandon the idea. To this end, we elucidate why previous work has seen pessimistic results with Bellman errors and identify conditions under which OMS algorithms based on Bellman errors will perform well. Moreover, we develop a new estimator of the MSBE that is more accurate than prior methods. Our estimator obtains impressive OMS performance on diverse discrete control tasks, including Atari games.
description: Published in ICML 2023
How persistent identifiers can save scientists time
Creators: name: Meadows, Alice
name: Laurel, Haak
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 130313 Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Research information is useful only if it can be shared—with other researchers, with research organizations (institutions, laboratories, funders and others), and with the wider community. In our digital age, that means sharing information between data systems. Persistent identifiers (PIDs) provide unique keys for people, places and things, which enables accurate mapping of information between these systems and supports the research process by facilitating search, discovery, recognition and collaboration. This article reviews the main PIDs used in research—digital object identifiers for publications, ORCID iDs for researchers, and a proposed new identifier for research organizations—as well as demonstrating how they are being used, and how, in combination, they can increase trust in research and the research infrastructure.
Graphene amplifier reaches the quantum-noise limit
Creators: name: Fong, Kin Chung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: News & Views on the graphene-based Josephson parametric amplifiers.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure
QOZOQ ADABIYOTINI MUSIQA VA XALQ OG'ZAKI IJODI BILAN UYG'UN HOLDA O'RGATISH
Creators: name: Nurullayeva, Jazira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada Qozoq adabiyotini musiqa va xalq og‘zaki ijodi bilan uyg‘un holda o‘qitish masalasi tahlil qilinadi. Xalq og‘zaki ijodining adabiy ta’limdagi o‘rni, musiqa vositasida o‘quvchilarning adabiy tafakkurini rivojlantirish va interfaol yondashuvlarning samaradorligi keng muhokama qilinadi. Shuningdek, adabiy va musiqiy integratsiyalangan ta’lim metodlarining natijalari va innovatsion yondashuvlar yoritiladi. Ushbu maqola pedagoglar, tadqiqotchilar va adabiyot ta’limi bilan shug‘ullanuvchilar uchun foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.
Cylindrically Symmetric Models of Anisotropic Compact Stars
Creators: name: Abbas, G.
name: Nazeer, Sumara
name: Meraj, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we have discussed the possibility of forming anisotropic compact stars from cosmological constant as one of the competent candidates of dark energy with cylindrical symmetry. For this purpose, we have applied the analytical solution of Krori and Barua metric to a particular cylindrically symmetric spacetime. The unknown constants in Krori and Barua metric have been determined by using masses and radii of class of compact stars like 4$U$1820-30, Her X-1, SAX J 1808-3658. The properties of these stars have been analyzed in detail. In this setting the cosmological constant has been taken as a variable which depends on the radial coordinates. We have checked all the regularity conditions, stability and surface redshift of the compact stars 4$U$1820-30, Her X-1, SAX J 1808-3658.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophy. and Space Sci. This paper is outcome of M.Sc. Thesis of Miss Sumara Nazeer Supervised by Dr. Ghulam Abbas
Extended Corona Models of X-ray Reverberation in the AGN 1H~0707-495 and IRAS 13224-3809
Creators: name: Hancock, S.
name: Young, A. J.
name: Chainakun, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We fit a new vertically extended corona model to previously measured reverberation time lags observed by \emph{XMM-Newton} in two extremely variable Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), 1H~0707-495 and IRAS~13224-3809, in a variety of similarly observed flux groups and explore the model in all observations over a 16 year period. The model employs two X-ray sources located along the black hole rotational axis at height, $h_1$ and $h_2$ respectively. These sources have their associated photon indices $Γ_1$ and $Γ_2$ which respond to fluctuations in the disc with a maximum response duration of $t_\text{max}$ and a propagation delay between the response of the two of $t_\text{shift}$. We find that for 1H 0707-495, $h_2$ is significantly correlated with $Γ_1$ and anti-correlated with ionisation $ξ$. Whilst the 1H 0707-495 corona extends upwards, the emission appears softer and the disc is less ionised. We find similarities in IRAS 13224-3809, but significant anti-correlation between $Γ_2$ and both $t_\text{max}$ and $t_\text{shift}$. This suggests that when the IRAS 13224-3809 corona becomes softer while extending vertically upwards, the overall corona response occurs faster. This may also suggest that the inner disc also becomes more active. In addition, $Γ_1$ and $Γ_2$ are extreme, relatively less variable, but more separate in IRAS 13224-3809 than in 1H 0707-495. This suggests that the IRAS 13224-3809 corona may be more patchy in the sense that it has two more clear distinct spectral zones of $Γ_1$ and $Γ_2$ (possibly relating to two distinct zones of coronal temperature) when compared to 1H 0707-495.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures