cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exact mean field inference in asymmetric kinetic Ising systems
Creators: name: Mezard, M.
name: Sakellariou, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an elementary mean field approach for fully asymmetric kinetic Ising models, which can be applied to a single instance of the problem. In the case of the asymmetric SK model this method gives the exact values of the local magnetizations and the exact relation between equal-time and time-delayed correlations. It can also be used to solve efficiently the inverse problem, i.e. determine the couplings and local fields from a set of patterns, also in cases where the fields and couplings are time-dependent. This approach generalizes some recent attempts to solve this dynamical inference problem, which were valid in the limit of weak coupling. It provides the exact solution to the problem also in strongly coupled problems. This mean field inference can also be used as an efficient approximate method to infer the couplings and fields in problems which are not infinite range, for instance in diluted asymmetric spin glasses.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Writing at university 2: Writing strategies
Creators: name: Ruegg, Rachael
name: Ker, Alastair
name: Quigley, Katherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200303 English as a Second Language
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: This is the second in a series of short courses introducing academic writing for ESL students. This second course deals with writing strategies.
An examination of police stressors and attitudes towards seeking psychological help
Creators: name: Wlodyka, Arthur
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Police work is frequently cited as a high stress occupation in which officers are reluctant to access psychological services. A number of recent suicides by law enforcement officers have illuminated the need for an investigation into the psychological support of police officers. The primary objectives of this study were to investigate police stress and officer attitudes towards mental health service providers, critical incident peer support programs, and psychoeducational training. Findings from the research of one hundred Lower Mainland area police officers revealed similar reported levels of stress to those found in other British Columbia law enforcement studies. Qualitative stress data further illuminated some of the unsparing trauma police officers are exposed to on a regular basis, as well as the profound impact on officers from external police conduct reviews. In this study officers held more positive attitudes towards professional psychological help as compared to the normative sample of college students, teachers, and two samples of American police officers. Officers further supported ongoing psychoeducational training as well as the implementation of mandatory counselling within their organizations. Implications and recommendations of these findings were discussed.
D-Brane Wess-Zumino Terms and U-Duality
Creators: name: Bergshoeff, Eric A.
name: Riccioni, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct gauge-invariant and U-duality covariant expressions for Wess-Zumino terms corresponding to general Dp-branes (for any p
description: 42 pages. Typos corrected, an error in table 6 corrected, comments in the conclusions added
Non-Einstein geometries in Chiral Gravity
Creators: name: Compère, Geoffrey
name: de Buyl, Sophie
name: Detournay, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the asymptotic solutions of Chiral Gravity (Topologically Massive Gravity at μl = 1 with Brown-Henneaux boundary conditions) focusing on non-Einstein metrics. A class of such solutions admits curvature singularities in the interior which are reflected as singularities or infinite bulk energy of the corresponding linear solutions. A non-linear solution is found exactly. The back-reaction induces a repulsion of geodesics and a shielding of the singularity by an event horizon but also introduces closed timelike curves.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures. v2: references and comments on linear stability (Sect.2) added
Distortion free pulse delay system using a pair of tunable white light cavities
Creators: name: Yum, H. N.
name: Kim, M. E.
name: Jang, Y. J.
name: Shahriar, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a tunable bandwidth white light cavity (WLC) was demonstrated by using an anomalously dispersive intra-cavity medium to adjust a cavity linewidth without reducing the cavity buildup factor [G.S. Pati et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 133601 (2007)]. In this paper, we show theoretically how such a WLC can be used to realize a distortion-free delay system for a data pulse. The system consists of two WLCs placed in series. Once the pulse has passed through them, the fast-light media in both WLCs are deactivated, so that each of these now acts as a very high reflectivity mirror. The data pulse bounces around between these mirrors, undergoing negligible attenuation per pass. The trapped pulse can be released by activating the fast-light medium in either WLC. Numerical simulations show that such a system can far exceed the delay-bandwidth constraint encountered in a typical data buffer employing slow light. We also show that the pulse remains virtually undistorted during the process.
description: 10 pages 6 figures
Resonant Hawking radiation in Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Zapata, Ivar
name: Albert, Mathias
name: Parentani, Renaud
name: Sols, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study double-barrier interfaces separating regions of asymptotically subsonic and supersonic flow of Bose condensed atoms. These setups contain at least one black hole sonic horizon from which the analog of Hawking radiation should be generated and emitted against the flow in the subsonic region. Multiple coherent scattering by the double-barrier structure strongly modulates the transmission probability of phonons, rendering it very sensitive to their frequency. As a result, resonant tunneling occurs with high probability within a few narrow frequency intervals. This gives rise to highly non-thermal spectra with sharp peaks. We find that these peaks are mostly associated to decaying resonances and only occasionally to dynamical instabilities. Even at achievable nonzero temperatures, the radiation peaks can be dominated by the spontaneous emission, i.e. enhanced zero-point fluctuations, and not, as often in analog models, by stimulated emission.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, revised version
An evaluation and feasibility study for the need of new dosimetric tools and metrics for lung cancer patients receiving radiotherapy
Creators: name: Nawaz, Ahmed Omer
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2019

description: Radiation oncology has made great strides forward specifically in the treatment of lung cancer. However, these advances have themselves delivered new questions that clinicians face when attempting to treat tumors in the lungs. The first of which is how to best deliver an increasing radiation dose to a small moving target. The second is how best to estimate and predict the damage to healthy lung tissue as a consequence of these higher doses. Clinicians and academics from around the country have tabulated data, the purpose of which is to assess the risk of radiation damage to their patients during and after treatment. The consensus among these various groups is that the risk is best assessed by two or three volumetric data points. These dose indices are believed to allow clinicians to better assess toxicity endpoints in the lungs. The literature is rich with this guidance. However, that same literature search will also reveal that there is little to no data that focuses on the changes that occur in the previously mentioned evaluation metrics during respiration. The “V’s” in the V5 and the V20 are incorrectly assumed constant and unchanging. This retrospective analysis of 10 lung cancer patients shows that those clinically used metrics of evaluation that are treated as static numbers are in fact dynamic.  It shows the degree to which these volumetric numbers vary from what is currently accepted. And it presents a more stable, mass-based alternative to volumetric metrics that may be more suited to assessing dose to healthy lung tissue during radiation therapy due to its stability throughout the patient’s breathing cycle.These mass-based alternative metrics are derived from each patient’s own lung volume using novel techniques involving the CT Hounsfield units. Yet, through ANOVA and two sample t-tests they show statistical significance in their difference from the volume in a rate of change analysis. The mass metrics also present more stability in their rate of change via one sample t-test and also exhibit lower standard deviations in all 10 patient’s breathing cycle and therefore has the potential to replace the current metrics for assessing radiation toxicity.
Higher Order Corrections to Supersymmetric Production and Decay Processes
Creators: name: Popenda, Eva
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012

description: In the first part of this thesis the decay of the light stop into a charm quark and the lightest neutralino is calculated at one-loop level in the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM) in the framework of Minimal Flavor Violation (MFV). The second part of this thesis covers the calculation of next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections in the strong coupling constant to the pair production of squarks of the first two generations in the MSSM.
Middleware für Ubiquitäre Systeme: Ein Modellgetriebener Ansatz
Creators: name: Riedel, Till
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Ubiquitous Computing
Middleware
Modellgetriebene Softwareentwicklung

description: Dieser Dissertation liegt die Hypothese zugrunde, dass modell-getriebene Softwareentwicklung (MDSD) den Widerspruch zwischen "top-down"- und "bottom-up"- Entwicklung durch einen "middle-out" Ansatz auflöst, welcher zwischen Technologie und Abstraktion vermittelt. MDSD wird als Mittel verwendet, um Middleware für Ubiquitäre Systeme auf dem einen Turm von Modellen zu bauen, ohne den Bezug zur konkreten Technologie zu verlieren.
High-Throughput Atomistic Modeling of Biomolecular Structure and Association
Creators: name: Strunk, Timo
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Protein
Structure
Prediction

description: The reliability of many protein models arising from structure prediction methods is unclear. Here we present a method for absolute quality control of theoretical protein models, which can significantly contribute to their acceptance in the life-science research. We apply these methods to gain insight into the family of hydrophobins and modify them for increased cell adhesion to allow for the coating of implants. The novel proteins were shown to bind cells, while impeding bacterial adhesion.
Optimizing practical adaptive frequency hopping and medium access control in ad hoc networks. Invited Paper
Creators: name: Tanbourgi, Ralph
name: Elsner, Jens P.
name: Jäkel, Holger
name: Jondral, Friedrich K.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012

description: Adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) as proposed, e.g., in IEEE 802.15.2 aims at increasing system reliability in the presence of quasi-static external interference. Practical approaches require autonomous sensing of the interference environment, with the measurements containing both external interference and network self-interference. In prior work, a simplistic model for AFH-based ad hoc networks was developed to analyze how this issue affects the area spectral efficiency (ASE). It was found that the AFH mechanism severely degrades ASE when self-interference is increased. In this paper, we modify the model to account for the correlation between the nodes’ adapted hop sets. We then address the question of how to design the system parameters to achieve optimal performance and avoid the degradation. We discuss different optimization problems and identify sensing techniques that can cope with increased self-interference. Among these techniques, carrier detection sensing was found to be robust against self-interference while showing good performance. We further discuss cases where joint optimization of the AFH and CSMA mechanisms is beneficial and cases where there is little to be gained.
Hopping Strategies for Adaptive FH-CDMA Ad Hoc Networks under External Interference
Creators: name: Elsner, Jens P.
name: Tanbourgi, Ralph
name: Schmid, Joerg
name: Jondral, Friedrich K.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012

description: We discuss the performance of an adaptive FH-CDMA ad hoc network under the influence of external interference where node positions are modeled by a homogeneous Poisson point process. The optimum channel assignment that balances internal network interference due to spatial reuse and external interference is derived analytically for a path loss and Rayleigh fading model. The performances of the resulting hopping strategies are then compared to various suboptimal hopping strategies such as non-adaptive hopping and min-max allocation with constant QoS. It is found that adaptivity offers a benefit only at low to medium node densities and that a good suboptimal strategy can be based on hard exclusion of bad channels (thresholding) with optional min-max allocation to balance the load of active channels.
“Love is rich in intelligence and intelligence is full of love” : An exploration of reason, love, and their interrelation in selected works of Joseph Ratzinger in the light of work by Bernard Lonergan
Creators: name: Henderson, Paul
Publisher: name: Australian Catholic University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ratzinger
Lonergan
love
reason
intelligibility
conscious intentionality
four-point hypothesis
created participation
scale of values
religious conversion
moral conversion
intellectual conversion
grace–nature distinction
2021

description: While some scholars have highlighted the importance of reason in Joseph Ratzinger’s theology, and others love, less attention has been paid to their interrelation. The thesis in this dissertation is that reason, love, and their interrelation are of critical interest to Ratzinger—that he pays considerable longitudinal attention to each. Further, that he upholds reason and love as inseparable. Moreover, Bernard Lonergan’s articulation of the same subject matter acts as an informative and constructive interlocution to Ratzinger’s assertion of the interrelation between love and reason. Lonergan’s presentations of conscious intentionality, conversion, a scale of values, and his four-point hypothesis with created participations bring particular clarity to Ratzinger’s work on the relation between reason and love, especially as they pertain to our understanding of God, the human person, apologetics, and an outworking of the common good.
Mikrokalorimetrische Untersuchungen elektrochemisch induzierter Adsorptions- und Abscheidungsprozesse von Ionen, Komplexen und Amphiphilen
Creators: name: Bickel, Katrin Regine
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Microcalorimetry
metal deposition
adsorption
entropy

description: Entropic effects upon electrochemical reactions can be determined via electrochemical microcalorimetry, which is based on the measurement of the reversibly exchanged heat. This method was applied to study metal deposition reactions, particularly regarding their deposition mechanisms. Furthermore, the entropy of adsorption of an amphiphilic molecule was studied, and the entropy change a water molecule experiences upon entering a polyelectrolyte multilayer was determined.
Chaos control in random Boolean networks by reducing mean damage percolation rate
Creators: name: Jiang, Nan
name: Chen, Shijian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chaos control in Random Boolean networks is implemented by freezing part of the network to drive it from chaotic to ordered phase. However, controlled nodes are only viewed as passive blocks to prevent perturbation spread. This paper proposes a new control method in which controlled nodes can exert an active impact on the network. Controlled nodes and frozen values are deliberately selected according to the information of connection and Boolean functions. Simulation results show that the number of nodes needed to achieve control is largely reduced compared to previous method. Theoretical analysis is also given to estimate the least fraction of nodes needed to achieve control.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Lipid diets affect the host-microbe dynamic in the gut
Creators: name: Abulizi, Nijiati
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: In the gut, there is a complex relationship formed between the host and the bacteria which is further influenced by dietary antigens. The dynamics of this tripartite relationship is for the most part unknown. An imbalance between harmful and protective gut bacteria, termed dysbiosis, has been associated with high fat diets. Dysbiosis has been linked to several inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes. Whether different types of fatty acids have similar effects is not fully known. This is important because in Canada, while saturated fatty (SFA) consumption has remained the same, total fat containing n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) has increased by 54%. To understand the host-microbe dynamic in the gut in response to different lipid diets, we combined 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing of the microbiome, computational metagenomic prediction of microbiota function and mass spectrometry-based relative quantification of the bacterial and host metaproteome of the colon. We exposed 3 week old C57BL/6 mice to isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets composed of 40% energy from either anhydrous milk fat, corn oil, olive oil or a low fat diet for 5 weeks and then collected their small and large intestinal tissues for analysis. Overall, the corn oil diet rich in n-6 PUFA resulted in a microbiome that showed enhanced virulence associated with increased host inflammation, oxidative stress and increased barrier dysfunction evident by a reduction in protective mucin2 proteins and increase in inflammatory mucin13 proteins. While the milk fat diet rich in SFA resulted in a host-microbe relationship that promoted inflammation, there was also a compensatory protective response evident by the increased tissue repair proteins. In contrast, the olive oil diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) resulted in increased digestive proteins. We conclude that various lipids uniquely alter the host-microbe dynamic in the gut. Overall, n-6 PUFA increases the potential for pathobiont survival and invasion in an inflamed, oxidized and damaged gut while SFA promotes tissue repair and MUFA enhances metabolism. These results have the potential to guide evidence-based nutrition recommendations to inflammatory bowel disease patients who suffer from malnutrition yet are currently advised to eat low fat diets.
A COLD Vacuum Chamber for Beam Heat Load DIAGnostics (COLDDIAG)
Creators: name: Gerstl, Stefan
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: synchrotron
storage ring
beam heat load
insertion device
cold surface

description: The heat intake from the beam which is crucial for the cryogenic design of superconducting insertion devices is still not understood. A cryostat built by Babcock Noell GmbH was equipped with instrumentation and installed at the Diamond Light Source to investigate the beam heat load and the underlying mechanisms. The values measured under different conditions are much higher and show a different dependency than expected. This indicates that more experimental as well as theoretical work is needed.
Quantum phase transition of light in a 1-D photon-hopping-controllable resonator array
Creators: name: Wu, Chun-Wang
name: Gao, Ming
name: Deng, Zhi-Jiao
name: Dai, Hong-Yi
name: Chen, Ping-Xing
name: Li, Cheng-Zu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a concrete experimental scheme for engineering the insulator-superfluid transition of light in a one-dimensional (1-D) array of coupled superconducting stripline resonators. In our proposed architecture, the on-site interaction and the photon hopping rate can be tuned independently by adjusting the transition frequencies of the charge qubits inside the resonators and at the resonator junctions, respectively, which permits us to systematically study the quantum phase transition of light in a complete parameter space. By combining the techniques of photon-number-dependent qubit transition and fast read-out of the qubit state using a separate low-Q resonator mode, the statistical property of the excitations in each resonator can be obtained with a high efficiency. An analysis of the various decoherence sources and disorders shows that our scheme can serve as a guide to coming experiments involving a small number of coupled resonators.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
The expression and function of human Anterior Gradient Homolog 3 in Prostate Cancer
Creators: name: Shehu, Erald
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013

description: To reduce prostate cancer mortality, research aims to characterize the molecular events that enhance disease progression. Anterior Gradient homolog 3 (AGR3) is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family associated with prostate cancer. The function of this gene in prostate tumor progression is investigated in the present study. AGR3 expression is highest in patients with advanced disease and can enhance tumor progression by promoting the growth, viability, and migration of tumor cells.
Characterization and Optimization of the new Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer GLORIA
Creators: name: Sha, Mahesh Kumar
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: GLORIA
Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer
Radiometric characterization
Spectrometric characterization
Airborne remote sensing

description: This work focuses on the radiometric and spectrometric characterization and optimization of a new imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (IFTS) called Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA). This characterization work helps to better understand the important features of this IFTS instrument - so that scientific data recorded in campaigns can be understood better and help in understanding the current climate change.
Reflective-Physically Unclonable Function based System for Anti-Counterfeiting
Creators: name: Umesh Babu, Harsha
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013

description: Physically unclonable functions (PUF) are physical security mechanisms, which utilize inherent randomness in processes used to instantiate physical objects. In this dissertation, an extensive overview of the state of the art in implementations, accompanying definitions and their analysis is provided. The concept of the reflective-PUF is presented as a product security solution. The viability of the concept, its evaluation and the requirements of such a system is explored.
Thermal Relaxation of Charm in Hadronic Matter
Creators: name: He, Min
name: Fries, Rainer J.
name: Rapp, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal relaxation rate of open-charm ($D$) mesons in hot and dense hadronic matter is calculated using empirical elastic scattering amplitudes. $D$-meson interactions with thermal pions are approximated by $D^*$ resonances, while scattering off other hadrons ($K$, $η$, $ρ$, $ω$, $K^*$, $N$, $Δ$) is evaluated using vacuum scattering amplitudes as available in the literature based on effective Lagrangians and constrained by realistic spectroscopy. The thermal relaxation time of $D$-mesons in a hot $π$ gas is found to be around 25-50\,fm/$c$ for temperatures $T$=150-180\,MeV, which reduces to 10-25\,fm/$c$ in a hadron-resonance gas. The latter values, argued to be conservative estimates, imply significant modifications of $D$-meson spectra in heavy-ion collisions. Close to the critical temperature ($T_c$), the spatial diffusion coefficient ($D_s$) is surprisingly similar to recent calculations for charm quarks in the Quark-Gluon Plasma using non-perturbative $T$-matrix interactions. This suggests a possibly continuous minimum structure of $D_s$ around $T_c$.
description: Figures modified; discussions and references added
Methodik zur Nutzenanalyse und Optimierung sicherheitsrelevanter Fahrerassistenzsysteme
Creators: name: Ovcharova, Neli
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: Fahrerassistenzsysteme
Nutzenanalyse
Methodik

description: This dissertation introduces a new approach for benefit investigation and improvement of safety relevant driver assistance systems. The new methodology combines user-based test with the accident analysis of real road accident data. Detailed real road accident are used for the simulation of the collision evolution. By means of user-based data the driver interaction can be evaluated and a driver model can be extracted. The combination of accident data and user-based tests leads to a high validity.
Mantidactylus stelliger Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences 2022
Creators: name: Scherz, Mark D.
name: Crottini, Angelica
name: Hutter, Carl R.
name: Hildenbrand, Andrea
name: Andreone, Franco
name: Fulgence, Thio Rosin
name: Köhler, Gunther
name: Ndriantsoa, Serge Herilala
name: Ohler, Annemarie
name: Preick, Michaela
name: Rakotoarison, Andolalao
name: Rancilhac, Loïs
name: Raselimanana, Achille P.
name: Riemann, Jana C.
name: Rödel, Mark-Oliver
name: Rosa, Gonçalo M.
name: Streicher, Jeffrey W.
name: Vieites, David R.
name: Köhler, Jörn
name: Hofreiter, Michael
name: Glaw, Frank
name: Vences, Miguel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Mantellidae
Mantidactylus
Mantidactylus stelliger

description: Mantidactylus stelliger clade
This clade contains a single, newly discovered species (described based on the holotype depicted in Fig. 62), and according to our phylogenomic analysis occupies an isolated phylogenetic position (sister to the monophyletic group containing M. betsileanus, M. fergusoni and M. ulcerosus clades).
description: Published as part of Scherz, Mark D., Crottini, Angelica, Hutter, Carl R., Hildenbrand, Andrea, Andreone, Franco, Fulgence, Thio Rosin, Köhler, Gunther, Ndriantsoa, Serge Herilala, Ohler, Annemarie, Preick, Michaela, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Rancilhac, Loïs, Raselimanana, Achille P., Riemann, Jana C., Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Rosa, Gonçalo M., Streicher, Jeffrey W., Vieites, David R., Köhler, Jörn, Hofreiter, Michael, Glaw, Frank & Vences, Miguel, 2022, An inordinate fondness for inconspicuous brown frogs: integration of phylogenomics, archival DNA analysis, morphology, and bioacoustics yields 24 new taxa in the subgenus Brygoomantis (genus Mantidactylus) from Madagascar, pp. 113-311 in Megataxa 7 (2) on page 279, DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.7.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7441023
title: Anion Storage Chemistry of Organic Cathodes for High‐Energy and High‐Power Density Divalent Metal Batteries
Creators: name: Xiu, Yanlei
name: Mauri, Anna
name: Dinda, Sirshendu
name: Pramudya, Yohanes
name: Ding, Ziming
name: Diemant, Thomas
name: Sarkar, Abhishek
name: Wang, Liping
name: Li, Zhenyou
name: Wenzel, Wolfgang
name: Fichtner, Maximilian
name: Zhao‐Karger, Zhirong
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2023

description: Multivalent batteries show promising prospects for next‐generation sustainable energy storage applications. Herein, we report a polytriphenylamine (PTPAn) composite cathode capable of highly reversible storage of tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy) borate [B(hfip)₄] anions in both Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) battery systems. Spectroscopic and computational studies reveal the redox reaction mechanism of the PTPAn cathode material. The Mg and Ca cells exhibit a cell voltage >3 V, a high‐power density of ∼∼3000 W kg⁻¹ and a high‐energy density of ∼∼300 Wh kg⁻¹, respectively. Moreover, the combination of the PTPAn cathode with a calcium‐tin (Ca−Sn) alloy anode could enable a long battery‐life of 3000 cycles with a capacity retention of 60 %. The anion storage chemistry associated with dual‐ion electrochemical concept demonstrates a new feasible pathway towards high‐performance divalent ion batteries.
Primordial non-Gaussianity from the DBI Galileons
Creators: name: Mizuno, Shuntaro
name: Koyama, Kazuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study primordial fluctuations generated during inflation in a class of models motivated by the DBI Galileons, which are extensions of the DBI action that yield second order field equations. This class of models generalises the DBI Galileons in a similar way with K-inflation. We calculate the primordial non-Gaussianity from the bispectrum of the curvature perturbations at leading order in the slow-varying approximations. We show that the estimator for the equilateral-type non-Gaussianity, $f_{\rm NL} ^{equil}$, can be applied to measure the amplitude of the primordial bispectrum even in the presence of the Galileon-like term although it gives a slightly different momentum dependence from K-inflation models. For the DBI Galileons, we find $-0.32 /c_s^2 < f_{\rm NL} ^{equil} < -0.16/c_s^2$ and large primordial non-Gaussianities can be obtained when $c_s$ is much smaller than 1 as in the usual DBI inflation. In G-inflation models, where a de Sitter solution is obtained without any potentials, the non-linear parameter is given by $f_{\rm NL}^{equil} = 4.62 r^{-2/3}$ where $r$ is the tensor to scalar ratio, giving a stringent constraint on the model.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in PRD
We're not counterinsurgents : development and security in Afghanistan, 1946-2014.
Creators: name: Attewell, Wesley Llewellyn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: It is not possible to understand international development in isolation from the geographies of military, political, and capitalist violence. In particular, it is necessary to analyze the interconnections between development and security: the development-security nexus. In order to illuminate the role that development plays in the West’s historical and ongoing efforts to pacify insurgent populations, it is important to interrogate the assemblages of actors, knowledge, and power that enliven diagnostic moments of counterinsurgency warfare. More specifically, the dissertation explores the ways in which the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has, from the Cold War onwards, practiced development as an ostensibly humanitarian form of counterinsurgency warfare in Afghanistan. It shows how USAID, for most of its institutional history, has been forced to grapple with Afghanistan as an ongoing – and seemingly insurmountable – problem of development-security. Three case studies – the Helmand Valley Project (1946-1978), the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan (1980-1992), and the ongoing assault on the Afghan narco-economy (2001-present) – reveal the shifting contours of development-as-counterinsurgency praxis in relation to broader institutional, political-economic, and geo-strategic contexts. These allow three substantive claims to be advanced. First, USAID has historically championed increasingly “total” forms of rural development as the key to transforming populations of potential insurgents into “governable subjects”. Second, these “total” forms of development practice are fundamentally geographical in the sense that they strive to pacify insurgent populations through the production of spaces that are meant to “model” new forms of modern and liberal life. These new spaces served as laboratories in which development professionals forged new counterinsurgency techniques, put them to the test, and subsequently, evaluated their utility. Third, while these development practices are represented by USAID as productive, humanitarian, and therapeutic, they are nonetheless undergirded by – and provide a legitimating armature for – techniques of population management that are destructive of life, such as kill-capture operations and crop eradication schemes.
Polydispersity stabilizes Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystals
Creators: name: Belli, S.
name: Patti, A.
name: Dijkstra, M.
name: van Roij, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the observations of a remarkably stable biaxial nematic phase [E.v.d. Pol et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 258301 (2009)], we investigate the effect of size polydispersity on the phase behavior of a suspension of boardlike particles. By means of Onsager theory within the restricted orientation (Zwanzig) model we show that polydispersity induces a novel topology in the phase diagram, with two Landau tetracritical points in between which oblate uniaxial nematic order is favored over the expected prolate order. Additionally, this phenomenon causes the opening of a huge stable biaxiality regime in between uniaxial nematic and smectic states.
'Measurement of Quantum Mechanical Operators' Revisited
Creators: name: Loveridge, Leon
name: Busch, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Wigner-Araki-Yanase (WAY) theorem states a remarkable limitation to quantum mechanical measurements in the presence of additive conserved quantities. Discovered by Wigner in 1952, this limitation is known to induce constraints on the control of individual quantum systems in the context of information processing. It is therefore important to understand the precise conditions and scope of the WAY theorem. Here we elucidate its crucial assumptions, briefly review some generalizations, and show how a particular extension can already be obtained by a simple modification of the original proofs. We also describe the evolution of the WAY theorem from a strict no-go verdict for certain, highly idealized, precise measurements into a quantitative constraint on the accuracy and approximate repeatability of imprecise measurements.
description: Version 2 contains some corrections and improvements suggested by an anonymous referee
Progress in Reducing the Poverty of Ethnic Minority Groups in China
Creators: name: Wang, Fei
name: Zhang, Yuan
name: Tisdell, Clem
name: Liu, Hong
name: Wang, Fei
name: Zhang, Yuan
name: Tisdell, Clem
name: Liu, Hong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Public Economics
subject: Anti-poverty policies
subject: Center-periphery theories
subject: China
subject: China's ethnic minority groups
subject: Multidimensional poverty
subject: National Security
subject: Poverty alleviation
subject: Return to poverty
subject: Trickle-down effect

description: Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, poverty alleviation in ethnic minority regions and groups has been an important focus of China’s developmental policies. This paper reviews the progress in alleviating the poverty of China’s ethnic minority populations, and analyzes China’s poverty reduction policies, and challenges for the future. To end the extreme poverty of ethnic minorities, the Chinese government has designed many specific poverty alleviation policies, such as the Program to Revitalize Border Areas and Enrich Residents' Lives, the Program to Support Ethnic Minority Groups with A Small Population, preferential policies for “Three Areas and Three Prefectures”, and so on. The poverty reduction achievements of minorities have been significant in relation to education, health and living standards. However, there is still a long way to go. The Chinese government needs to address the following problems for the further development of ethnic minorities: the problem of poverty returning, phasing out current poverty reduction policies and redesigning them in terms of their costs and benefits, and the low level of public services offered to the poor, and income inequality between ethnics. It is argued that China’s ethnic minority groups may have gained little from the trickle-down effect (from the market system) of China’s economic growth and, therefore, direct government assistance to them has been needed to reduce their incidence of poverty. It is also recommended that the macro-type findings in this paper be supplemented by case studies of different ethnic minority groups. A case study of the Kirghiz minority group highlights the value of this.
Towards a kinetic theory of strings
Creators: name: Vanchurin, Vitaly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of strings by means of a distribution function f(A, B, x, t) defined on a 9+1D phase space, where A and B are the correlation vectors of right- and left-moving waves. We derive a transport equation (an analogous to Boltzmann transport equation for particles) that governs the evolution of long strings with Nambu-Goto dynamics as well as reconnections taken into account. We also derive a system of coupled transport equations (an analogous to BBGKY hierarchy for particles) which can simultaneously describe long strings \tilde{f}(A, B, x, t) as well as simple loops \mathring{f}(A, B, x, t) made out of four correlation vectors. The formalism can be used to study non-linear dynamics of fundamental strings, D-brane strings or field theory strings. For example, the complicated semi-scaling behavior of cosmic strings translates into a simple solution of the transport system at small energy densities.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, improved transverse collisions, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Discovery of the afterglow and host galaxy of the low redshift short GRB 080905A
Creators: name: Rowlinson, A.
name: Wiersema, K.
name: Levan, A. J.
name: Tanvir, N. R.
name: O'Brien, P. T.
name: Rol, E.
name: Hjorth, J.
name: Thone, C. C.
name: Postigo, A. de Ugarte
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Jakobsson, P.
name: Pagani, C.
name: Stamatikos, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of short GRB 080905A, its optical afterglow and host galaxy. Initially discovered by Swift, our deep optical observations enabled the identification of a faint optical afterglow, and subsequently a face-on spiral host galaxy underlying the GRB position, with a chance alignment probability of <1%. There is no supernova component present in the afterglow to deep limits. Spectroscopy of the galaxy provides a redshift of z=0.1218, the lowest redshift yet observed for a short GRB. The GRB lies offset from the host galaxy centre by ~18.5 kpc, in the northern spiral arm which exhibits an older stellar population than the southern arm. No emission lines are visible directly under the burst position, implying little ongoing star formation at the burst location. These properties would naturally be explained were the progenitor of GRB 080905A a compact binary merger.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 10 pages, 5 figures
Detailed phenotyping and next-generation sequencing for characterization of rare overgrowth syndromes
Creators: name: Sequerra Amram Cohen, Ana
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Weaver syndrome (WS) is a rare overgrowth disorder characterized by tall stature, macrocephaly, advanced bone age, facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability and cancer susceptibility, and it is caused by constitutional mutations in the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 gene (EZH2). To expand our understanding of WS pathogenesis, we assembled a cohort of 66 individuals with Weaver-like features, and collected DNA together with detailed clinical information. Sanger sequencing identified eleven individuals with pathogenic mutations in EZH2 (equivalent to a 17% diagnostic rate). A further seven individuals carried mutations in the nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing protein 1 gene (NSD1), which cause a similar overgrowth disorder called Sotos syndrome (11% diagnostic rate). Furthermore, we expanded the phenotypic spectrum of WS to include neuronal migration disorders. EZH2 is a histone methyltransferase that acts as the catalytic agent of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) to maintain gene repression via methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27). Functional studies investigating the activity of mutant EZH2 from various cancers showed that both gain- and loss-of-function mechanisms exist, thus it was important to determine which mechanism is causing WS. Using a standard histone methyltransferase assay, we observed that WS-associated EZH2 mutations impair PRC2’s histone methyltransferase activity in vitro, suggesting a loss-of-function mechanism of disease. In addition, no correlation between degree of functional impairment and phenotypic severity was noted. Recognizing a clear role for chromatin modifications in the molecular pathophysiology of overgrowth syndromes, we hypothesized that mutations in other chromatin regulators might explain the phenotype observed in the remaining undiagnosed individuals. Using next-generation sequencing in combination with detailed phenotyping, we identified EED as a novel overgrowth gene. EED happens to be the main partner of EZH2 within PRC2, and is necessary for proper H3K27 methylation to occur. Altogether, we have expanded the phenotypic and mutational spectrums of WS, and begun to uncover the underlying mechanism of disease. We also discovered a novel overgrowth gene, EED, reinforcing a role for PRC2 in the regulation of human growth and development.
The Top Window for dark matter
Creators: name: Cheung, Kingman
name: Mawatari, Kentarou
name: Senaha, Eibun
name: Tseng, Po-Yan
name: Yuan, Tzu-Chiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a scenario that the top quark is the only window to the dark matter particle. We use the effective Lagrangian approach to write down the interaction between the top quark and the dark matter particle. Requiring the dark matter satisfying the relic density we obtain the size of the effective interaction. We show that the scenario can be made consistent with the direct and indirect detection experiments by adjusting the size of the effective coupling. Finally, we calculate the production cross section for $t\bar t + χ\bar χ$ at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which will give rise to an interesting signature of a top-pair plus large missing energy.
description: 17 pages including 8 figures; added references and a footnote
title: Anionen‐Einlagerungschemie organischer Kathoden für zweiwertige Metallbatterien mit hoher Energie und hoher Leistungsdichte
Creators: name: Xiu, Yanlei
name: Mauri, Anna
name: Dinda, Sirshendu
name: Pramudya, Yohanes
name: Ding, Ziming
name: Diemant, Thomas
name: Sarkar, Abhishek
name: Wang, Liping
name: Li, Zhenyou
name: Wenzel, Wolfgang
name: Fichtner, Maximilian
name: Zhao‐Karger, Zhirong
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2023

description: Multivalente Batterien sind sehr vielversprechend für nachhaltige Energiespeicheranwendungen der nächsten Generation. Hier berichten wir über eine Polytriphenylamin (PTPAn)‐Verbundkathode, die in der Lage ist, Tetrakis(hexafluorisopropyloxy)borat [B(hfip)₄]⁻ Anionen in sowohl Magnesium‐ (Mg) als auch Calcium‐ (Ca) Batteriesystemen hochreversibel zu speichern. Spektroskopische und Computerstudien zeigen den Redoxreaktionsmechanismus des PTPAn‐Kathodenmaterials. Die Mg‐ und Ca‐Zellen weisen eine Zellspannung von ∼3 V, eine hohe Leistungsdichte von ∼3000 W kg⁻¹ bzw. eine hohe Energiedichte von ∼300 Wh kg⁻¹ auf. Darüber hinaus könnte die Kombination der PTPAn‐Kathode mit einer Anode aus einer Calcium‐Zinn‐Legierung (Ca−Sn) eine lange Batterielebensdauer von 3000 Zyklen bei einer Kapazitätserhaltung von 60 % ermöglichen. Die Anionenspeicherchemie in Verbindung mit dem elektrochemischen Doppelionenkonzept demonstriert einen neuen gangbaren Weg zu Hochleistungsbatterien mit zweiwertigen Ionen.
Superlinear threshold detectors in quantum cryptography
Creators: name: Lydersen, Lars
name: Jain, Nitin
name: Wittmann, Christoffer
name: Marøy, Øystein
name: Skaar, Johannes
name: Marquardt, Christoph
name: Makarov, Vadim
name: Leuchs, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the concept of a superlinear threshold detector, a detector that has a higher probability to detect multiple photons if it receives them simultaneously rather than at separate times. Highly superlinear threshold detectors in quantum key distribution systems allow eavesdropping the full secret key without being revealed. Here, we generalize the detector control attack, and analyze how it performs against quantum key distribution systems with moderately superlinear detectors. We quantify the superlinearity in superconducting single-photon detectors based on earlier published data, and gated avalanche photodiode detectors based on our own measurements. The analysis shows that quantum key distribution systems using detector(s) of either type can be vulnerable to eavesdropping. The avalanche photodiode detector becomes superlinear towards the end of the gate, allowing eavesdropping using trigger pulses containing less than 120 photons per pulse. Such an attack would be virtually impossible to catch with an optical power meter at the receiver entrance.
description: Rewritten for clearity. Included a discussion on detector dark counts, a discussion on how to tackle this type of loopholes, and updated references. 8 pages, 6 figures