cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 5 of Developing the INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework—a tool to help trialists design trials that better reflect the communities they serve
Creators: name: Treweek, Shaun
name: Banister, Katie
name: Bower, Peter
name: Cotton, Seonaidh
name: Devane, Declan
name: Gardner, Heidi R.
name: Isaacs, Talia
name: Nestor, Gary
name: Oshisanya, Adepeju
name: Parker, Adwoa
name: Rochester, Lynn
name: Soulsby, Irene
name: Williams, Hywel
name: Witham, Miles D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 5.
Performance test of QU-fitting in cosmic magnetism study
Creators: name: Miyashita, Yoshimitsu
name: Ideguchi, Shinsuke
name: Nakagawa, Shouta
name: Akahori, Takuya
name: Takahashi, Keitaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: QU-fitting is a standard model-fitting method to reconstruct distribution of magnetic fields and polarized intensity along a line of sight (LOS) from an observed polarization spectrum. In this paper, we examine the performance of QU-fitting by simulating observations of two polarized sources located along the same LOS, varying the widths of the sources and the gap between them in Faraday depth space, systematically. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach is used to obtain the best-fit parameters for a fitting model, and Akaike and Bayesian Information Criteria (AIC and BIC, respectively) are adopted to select the best model from four fitting models. We find that the combination of MCMC and AIC/BIC works fairly well in model selection and estimation of model parameters in the cases where two sources have relatively small widths and a larger gap in Faraday depth space. On the other hand, when two sources have large width in Faraday depth space, MCMC chain tends to be trapped in a local maximum so that AIC/BIC cannot select a correct model. We discuss the causes and the tendency of the failure of QU-fitting and suggest a way to improve it.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Gradient flow perspective of thin-film bilayer flows
Creators: name: Huth, Robert
name: Jachalski, Sebastian
name: Kitavtsev, Georgy
name: Peschka, Dirk
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: thin-film
subject: gradient flow
subject: moving boundary problem
subject: bilayer
subject: 76A20
subject: 35R37
subject: 37D35
subject: 35K65

description: We study gradient flow formulations of thin-film bilayer flows with triple-junctions between liquid/liquid/air. First we highlight the gradient structure in the Stokes free-boundary flow and identify its solutions with the well known PDE with boundary conditions. Next we propose a similar gradient formulation for the corresponding thin-film model and formally identify solutions with those of the corresponding free-boundary problem. A robust numerical algorithm for the thin-film gradient flow structure is then provided. Using this algorithm we compare the sharp triple-junction model with precursor models. For their stationary solutions a rigorous connection is established using Gamma-convergence. For time-dependent solutions the comparison of numerical solutions shows a good agreement for small and moderate times. Finally we study spreading in the zero-contact angle case, where we compare numerical solutions with asymptotically exact source-type solutions.
Spanning maximal planar subgraphs of random graphs
Creators: name: Be╠üla  Bolloba╠üs
name: Frieze
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Abstract: "We study the threshold for the existence of a spanning maximal planar subgraph in the random graph G[subscript n,p]. We show that it is very near p = 1[over][subscript n]1/3. We also discuss the threshold for the existence of a spanning maximal outerplanar subgraph. This is very near p = 1[over][subscript n]1/2."
TESS Discovers A Short-Period Saturn-Mass Planet with an Inner Companion
Creators: name: Sha, Lizhou
name: Vanderburg, Andrew M.
name: Huang, Chelsea X.
name: Armstrong, David
name: Brahm, Rafael
name: Dong, Jiayin
name: Zhou, George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: hot jupiter
exoplanet system
TESS
photometry
spectroscopy
radial velocity
occurrence rate

description: We report the discovery of the TOI-2000 system, with a 2.7 RE planet in a 3.10 day orbit interior to a Saturn-mass planet in a 9.13 day orbit, and confirm the latter with RV measurements from CHIRON, FEROS, and HARPS. The TOI-2000 system hosts the smallest and fourth overall hot gas giant known to have a smaller inner companion to date. Because such inner companions are not expected to remain in the system after high-eccentricity migration of the giant planet, TOI-2000 provides further evidence that some hot gas giants may have formed through other mechanisms. We discovered the smaller TOI-2000 b during a systematic BLS search of all MIT Quick Look Pipeline (QLP) light curves for ~ 800 confirmed and candidate hot Jupiter host stars brighter than the 11th TESS magnitude in the TESS prime mission. Combining TESS, Kepler, and K2 hot Jupiters, we calculate a posterior distribution for the occurrence rate of inner companions to transiting hot Jupiters. To date, TOI-2000 joins TOI-1130 as the only systems that host a hot gas giant and a smaller inner planet discovered by TESS during its two-year prime mission, along with WASP-47 and Kepler 730 systems discovered by Kepler.
description: Figure 1 is copyrighted by Annual Reviews and is not covered under the CC-BY 4.0 license.
Adaptive time step control for higher order variational time discretizations applied to convection-diffusion equations
Creators: name: Ahmed, Naveed
name: John, Volker
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Continuous Galerkin--Petrov method
subject: discontinuous Galerkin method
subject: post-processed solution
subject: adaptive step length control
subject: SUPG stabilization
subject: 65M60

description: Higher order variational time stepping schemes allow an efficient post-processing for computing a higher order solution. This paper presents an adaptive algorithm whose time step control utilizes the post-processed solution. The algorithm is applied to convection-dominated convection-diffusion equations. It is shown that the length of the time step properly reflects the dynamics of the solution. The numerical costs of the adaptive algorithm are discussed.
On Defect-Mediated Transitions in Bosonic Planar Lattices
Creators: name: Trombettoni, A.
name: Smerzi, A.
name: Sodano, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the finite-temperature properties of Bose-Einstein condensates loaded on a 2D optical lattice. In an experimentally attainable range of parameters the system is described by the XY model, which undergoes a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition driven by the vortex pair unbinding. The interference pattern of the expanding condensates provides the experimental signature of the BKT transition: near the critical temperature, the k=0 component of the momentum distribution sharply decreases.
Higher order continuous Galerkin--Petrov time stepping schemes for transient convection-diffusion-reaction equations
Creators: name: Ahmed, Naveed
name: Matties, Gunar
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: transient convection-diffusion-reaction problem
subject: local projection stabilization
subject: continuous Galerkin--Petrov method
subject: discontinuous Galerkin method
subject: 65M12
subject: 65M15
subject: 65M60

description: We present the analysis for the higher order continuous Galerkin--Petrov (cGP) time discretization schemes in combination with the one-level local projection stabilization in space applied to time-dependent convection-diffusion-reaction problems. Optimal a-priori error estimates will be proved. Numerical studies support the theoretical results. Furthermore, a numerical comparison between continuous Galerkin--Petrov and discontinuous Galerkin time discretization schemes will be given.
Efficient blood flow simulations for the design of stented valve reducer in enlarged ventricular outflow tracts
Creators: name: Caiazzo, Alfonso
name: Guibert, Romain
name: Boudjemline, Younes
name: Vignon-Clementel, Irene E.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Device design
subject: percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement
subject: multi scale blood flow simulations
subject: right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT)
subject: proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)
subject: repaired tetralogy of Fallot
subject: 65Z05
subject: 74L15
subject: 76Z05
subject: 92C50

description: Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart disease characterized over time, after the initial repair, by the absence of a functioning pulmonary valve, which causes regurgitation, and by progressive enlargement of the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries. Due to this pathological anatomy, available transcatheter valves are usually too small to be deployed in the enlarged right ventricular outflow tracts (RVOT). To avoid surgical valve replacement, an alternative consists in implanting a reducer prior to or in combination with a transcatheter valve. We describe a computational model to study the effect of a stented valve RVOT reducer on the hemodynamics in enlarged ventricular outflow tracts. To this aim, blood flow in the right ventricular outflow tract is modeled via the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations coupled to a simplified valve model, numerically solved with a standard finite element method and with a reduced order model based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). Numerical simulations are based on a patient geometry obtained from medical imaging and boundary conditions tuned according to measurements of inlet flow rates and pressures. Different geometrical models of the reducer are built, varying its length and/or diameter, and compared with the initial device-free state. Simulations thus investigate multiple device configurations and describe the effect of geometry on hemodynamics. Forces exerted on the valve and on the reducer are monitored, varying with geometrical parameters. Results support the thesis that the reducer does not introduce significant pressure gradients, as was found in animal experiments. Finally, we demonstrate how computational complexity can be reduced with POD.
IMPACT OF TAXATION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Creators: name: Ojedokun, Olatunji Dauda
Publisher: name: SADI JOURNALS
Year: 2025
Subjects: Taxation, FDI, Economic development, VECM, FMOLS, OLS Regression

description: Taxation is a vital tool that enables infrastructural development, which paves the way for FDI that enhances economic development. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of taxation and foreign direct investment on economic development in Nigeria while accounting for the country’s poverty rate. The World Bank Development Indicator provided the secondary data for this study, which covered the years 1991 to 2023. The unit root test illustrated that the unit root that could cause the wrong conclusion has been eliminated. The VAR and VECM illustrated both the short- and long-term links of economic development with taxation and FDI while adjusting for the poverty rate. The FMOLS indicates a long-run impact of taxation on economic growth, while the OLS regression establishes that while poverty reveals a negative influence, taxation and FDI have a positive impact on economic development .Thus, the Nigerian government should implement adequate fiscal policy measures to combat the high poverty rate that contributes to tax evasion, and the appropriate tax authority should sensitise the entire citizenry about the importance of paying taxes as well as implementing a new tax reform bill that will improve infrastructural growth, attract FDI, and enhance economic development
Gene expression analysis reveals early dysregulation of disease pathways and links Chmp7 to pathogenesis of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
Creators: name: Malik, Bilal
name: Devine, Helen
name: Patani, Rickie
name: Spada, Albert R La
name: Hanna, Michael G
name: Greensmith, Linda
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Stem Cells
subject: Cell Biology

description: Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) results from a CAG repeat expansion within the androgen receptor gene (AR). It is unclear why motor neurons selectively degenerate and there are currently no treatments for this debilitating disease. To uncover the causative genes and pathways involved in motor neuron dysfunction, we undertook transcriptomic profiling of primary embryonic motor neurons from SBMA mice. We show that transcriptional dysregulation occurs early during development in SBMA motor neurons. One gene found to be dysregulated, Chmp7, was also altered in vivo in spinal cord before symptom onset in SBMA mice, and crucially in motor neuron precursor cells derived from SBMA patient stem cells, suggesting that Chmp7 may play a causal role in disease pathogenesis by disrupting the endosome-lysosome system. Furthermore, genes were enriched in SBMA motor neurons in several key pathways including p53, DNA repair, WNT and mitochondrial function. SBMA embryonic motor neurons also displayed dysfunctional mitochondria along with DNA damage, possibly resulting from DNA repair gene dysregulation and/or mitochondrial dysfunction. This indicates that a coordinated dysregulation of multiple pathways leads to development of SBMA. Importantly, our findings suggest that the identified pathways and genes, in particular Chmp7, may serve as potential therapeutic targets in SBMA.
High-dose IL-2 skews a glucocorticoid-driven IL-17+IL-10+ memory CD4+ T cell response towards a single IL-10-producing phenotype
Creators: name: Mann, Elizabeth
name: Gabrysova, Leona
name: Pfeffer, Paul E
name: O'Garra, Anne
name: Hawrylowicz, Catherine M
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Model organisms
subject: Infectious Disease
subject: Human Biology & Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Computational & Systems Biology

description: Glucocorticoids are known to increase production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and this action is associated with their clinical efficacy in asthmatics. However, glucocorticoids also enhance the synthesis of IL-17A by PBMCs, which, in excess, is associated with increased asthma severity and glucocorticoid-refractory disease. In this study, we show that the glucocorticoid dexamethasone significantly increased IL-10 production by human memory CD4+ T cells from healthy donors, as assessed by intracellular cytokine staining. In addition, dexamethasone increased production of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22, with the most striking enhancement in cells coproducing Th17-associated cytokines together with IL-10. Of note, an increase in IFN-γ+IL-10+ cells was also observed despite overall downregulation of IFN-γ production. These dexamethasone-driven IL-10+ cells, and predominantly the IL-17+IL-10+ double-producing cells, were markedly refractory to the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on proliferation and IL-2Rα expression, which facilitated their preferential IL-2-dependent expansion. Although lower concentrations of exogenous IL-2 promoted IL-10+ cells coproducing proinflammatory cytokines, higher IL-2 doses, both alone and in combination with dexamethasone, increased the proportion of single IL-10+ T cells. Thus, glucocorticoid-induced IL-10 is only accompanied by an increase of IL-17 in a low IL-2 setting, which is, nevertheless, likely to be protective owing to the induction of regulatory IL-17+IL-10+-coproducing cells. These findings open new avenues of investigation with respect to the role of IL-2 in glucocorticoid responsiveness that have potential implications for optimizing the benefit/risk ratio of glucocorticoids in the clinic.
Correlation Effects on the Charge Radii of Exotic Nuclei
Creators: name: Tomaselli, M.
name: Kuehl, T.
name: Ursescu, D.
name: Fritzsche, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structures and distributions of light nuclei are investigated within a microscopic correlation model. Two particle correlations are responsible for the scattering of model particles either to low momentum- or to high momentum-states. The low momentum states form the model space while the high momentum states are used to calculate the G-matrix. The three and higher order particle correlations do not play a role in the latter calculation especially if the correlations induced by the scattering operator are of sufficient short range. They modify however, via the long tail of the nuclear potential, the Slater determinant of the (A) particles by generating excited Slater's determinants.
description: To appear in Hyperfine Interactions. Corrected version accordingly the referee report
A Fast Algorithm with Error Bounds for Quadrature by Expansion
Creators: name: Wala, Matt
name: Klöckner, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65R20, 65N99, 65D30

description: Quadrature by Expansion (QBX) is a quadrature method for approximating the value of the singular integrals encountered in the evaluation of layer potentials. It exploits the smoothness of the layer potential by forming locally-valid expansion which are then evaluated to compute the near or on-surface value of the integral. Recent work towards coupling of a Fast Multipole Method (FMM) to QBX yielded a first step towards the rapid evaluation of such integrals (and the solution of related integral equations), albeit with only empirically understood error behavior. In this paper, we improve upon this approach with a modified algorithm for which we give a comprehensive analysis of error and cost in the case of the Laplace equation in two dimensions. For the same levels of (user-specified) accuracy, the new algorithm empirically has cost-per-accuracy comparable to prior approaches. We provide experimental results to demonstrate scalability and numerical accuracy.
description: Corrected version, see Appendix B for summary of corrections
Resolving the radio nebula around beta Lyrae
Creators: name: Umana, G.
name: Maxted, P. F. L.
name: Trigilio, C.
name: Fender, R. P.
name: Leone, F.
name: Yerli, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present high spatial resolution radio images of the puzzling binary system beta Lyrae obtained with MERLIN at 5 GHz. We find a nebula surrounding the binary with a brightness temperature of 11000+-700K approximately 40AU across. This definitively confirms the thermal origin of the radio emission, which is consistent with emission from the wind of the B6-8II component (mass loss of order of 10^-7 Msun per year), ionized by the radiation field of the hotter companion. This nebula, surrounding the binary, is the proof that beta Layrae evolved in a non-conservative way, i. e. not all the mass lost by the primary is accretted by the secondary, and present measurements indicate that almost 0.015Msun had been lost from the system since the onset of the Roche lobe overflow phase. Moreover, the nebula is aligned with the jet-like structures inferred from recent optical measurements, indicating a possible connection among them.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Additional file 6 of Developing the INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework—a tool to help trialists design trials that better reflect the communities they serve
Creators: name: Treweek, Shaun
name: Banister, Katie
name: Bower, Peter
name: Cotton, Seonaidh
name: Devane, Declan
name: Gardner, Heidi R.
name: Isaacs, Talia
name: Nestor, Gary
name: Oshisanya, Adepeju
name: Parker, Adwoa
name: Rochester, Lynn
name: Soulsby, Irene
name: Williams, Hywel
name: Witham, Miles D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 6.
Quantum mechanics as classical statistical mechanics with an ontic extension and an epistemic restriction
Creators: name: Budiyono, Agung
name: Rohrlich, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Where does quantum mechanics part ways with classical mechanics? How does quantum randomness differ fundamentally from classical randomness? We cannot fully explain how the theories differ until we can derive them within a single axiomatic framework, allowing an unambiguous account of how one theory is the limit of the other. Here we derive nonrelativistic quantum mechanics and classical statistical mechanics within a common framework. The common axioms include conservation of average energy and conservation of probability current. But two axioms distinguish quantum mechanics from classical statistical mechanics: an "ontic extension" defines a nonseparable (global) random variable that generates physical correlations, and an "epistemic restriction" constrains allowed phase space distributions. The ontic extension and epistemic restriction, with strength on the order of Planck's constant, imply quantum entanglement and uncertainty relations. This framework suggests that the wave function is epistemic, yet it does not provide an ontic dynamics for individual systems.
description: 12 pages; comments welcome
Lettre de Pierre-André Pourret à Jean-François Séguier, 1778-10-27
Creators: name: Pourret, Pierre-André
name: Pierre-André Pourret
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2021
Subjects: Botanique

description: [transcription] Narbonne le 27 octobre [1778]

Monsieur,

J’ai vu plusieurs fois monsieur le commandeur d’Urre à qui je devais des remerciments pour la bonté qu’il avait eue de vouloir se charger d’un paquet que j’ai reçu il y aura bientôt 10 jours par la voie du père recteur du collège auquel vous prîtes la peine de le remettre. Dans le moment qu’on me l’apporta, j’écrivais à l’ami Granier et comme je vous avais écrit l’avant veille, je le priai de vous en accuser la réception de ma part et de vous assurer de toute ma reconnaissance. Je ne doute pas qu’il ne se soit acquitté de la commission. Permettez que je vous en réitère moi-mêmemes sincères remerciments. Vous cherchez tous les jours à me combler de quelque nouvelle marque de votre amitié, aussi, Monsieur, je serai peut être importun à force de vous demander la continuation.
Monsieur le commandeur d’Urre qui m’a comblé de politesses, avec celle de m’offrir de se charger de tout ce que je voudrais lui remettre pour vous, je me suis empressé de profiter de cette occasion favorable pour vous faire passer le paquet que je vous destinais et que vous auriez reçu depuis longtems sans ma maladie. Je n’ai fait qu’y ajouter quelque nouvelle plante. J’en ai deux ou trois en presse que je vous ferai passer par votre relieur qui est placé ici chez monsieur Besse. Il m’a chargé de vous dire que vous ne fussiez pas en peine de vos livres, qu’il serait rendu dans moins de 15 jours à Nîmes et qu’il vous les relierait de suite.
Vous trouverez dans le paquet le catalogue de nos plantes vivantes et de mes graines. Je souhaite qu’il s’en trouve qui vous fassent plaisir. Comme j’ai déjà reçu plusieurs catalogues de demandes et que j’en attends d’autres et que certaines plantes sont demandées par différentes personnes, je vous serai obligé de faire avec monsieur Granier un catalogue commun, et vous désignerez chacun celles que vous désirerez en particulier. De cette façon je serai dispensé d’un double emploi. J’ai l’honneur d’être avec la plus vive reconnaissance et l’attachement le plus respectueux,

Monsieur,

Votre très humble et très obeissant serviteur
L’abbé Pourret

P.S. Je vous envoie les pyrites, vous aurez la bonté d’en donner à Granier.
description: [note autre main] [fol. 98v, 99r, fol. 99v blancs]. Au fol. 99v, annotation de Séguier: 27 octobre 1778.
description: [personnes citées] Guillaume Besse, Jean Granier, Louis-François-Laurent d' Urre
description: Source: [lieu de Conservation] Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France [cote]NAF 6569, fol. 98-99
description: Source: ark:/12148/btv1b10509443n
title: Manuscript layout as evidence for word prototypicality in Old English, with particular reference to onomastic items
Creators: name: Dunlop, Leonie Mhari
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Old English, onomastics, lexical semantics, manuscript studies

description: This thesis investigates the contribution of manuscript spacing to our understanding of Old English palaeography, the development of the language, and the categorization of lexical items. This study focusses on onomastic items and their treatment in a section of the Old English annals of the Parker Chronicle and Peterborough Chronicle. While many studies focus on the reader’s relationship to the text, this research focusses on the scribe’s relationship to the text. Influenced by Saenger’s Space between Words (1997), this thesis uses a new methodology to measure the spacing between lexical items and collect data. The results challenge the categorization of lexical items in Old English as they are currently defined and illustrate the potential of this approach in further research. They also reaffirm the importance of observing the manuscripts themselves.
Some typical properties of the Spatial Preferred Attachment model
Creators: name: Cooper, Colin
name: Frieze, Alan
name: Pralat, Pawel
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate a stochastic model for complex networks, based on a spatial embedding of the nodes, called the Spatial Preferred Attachment (SPA) model. In the SPA model, nodes have spheres of influence of varying size, and new nodes may only link to a node if they fall within its influence region. The spatial embedding of the nodes models the background knowledge or identity of the node, which influences its link environment. In this paper, we focus on the (directed) diameter, small separators, and the (weak) giant component of the model.
Additional file 7 of Developing the INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework—a tool to help trialists design trials that better reflect the communities they serve
Creators: name: Treweek, Shaun
name: Banister, Katie
name: Bower, Peter
name: Cotton, Seonaidh
name: Devane, Declan
name: Gardner, Heidi R.
name: Isaacs, Talia
name: Nestor, Gary
name: Oshisanya, Adepeju
name: Parker, Adwoa
name: Rochester, Lynn
name: Soulsby, Irene
name: Williams, Hywel
name: Witham, Miles D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 7.
New topological field theories in two dimensions
Creators: name: Malik, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that two$(1 + 1)$-dimensional (2D) free Abelian- and self-interacting non-Abelian gauge theories (without any interaction with matter fields) belong to a new class of topological field theories. These new theories capture together some of the key features of Witten- and Schwarz type of topological field theories because they are endowed with symmetries that are reminiscent of the Schwarz type theories but their Lagrangian density has the appearance of the Witten type theories. The topological invariants for these theories are computed on a 2D compact manifold and their recursion relations are obtained. These new theories are shown to provide a class of tractable field theoretical models for the Hodge theory in two dimensions of flat (Minkowski) spacetime where there are no propagating degrees of freedom associated with the 2D gauge boson.
description: 18 pages, LaTeX, no figures, version to appear in J. Phys. A: Math Gen
Promoter hypermethylation of PIWI/piRNA pathway genes associated with diminished pachytene piRNA production in bovine hybrid male sterility
Creators: name: Zhang, Gong-Wei
name: Wang, Ling
name: Chen, Huiyou
name: Guan, Jiuqiang
name: Wu, Yuhui
name: Zhao, Jianjun
name: Luo, Zonggang
name: Huang, Wenming
name: Zuo, Fuyuan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Hybrid male sterility (HMS) is a postzygotic reproductive isolation mechanism that enforces speciation. A bovine example of HMS is the yattle (also called dzo), an interspecies hybrid of taurine cattle (Bos taurus) and yak (Bos grunniens). The molecular mechanisms underlying HMS of yattle are not well understood. Epigenetic modifications of DNA methylation and P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNA (piRNAs) are important regulators in spermatogenesis. In this study, we investigated DNA methylation patterns and piRNA expression in adult testes in hybrid infertile yattle bulls and fertile cattle and yak bulls using whole genome bisulphite-seq and small RNA-seq. Promoter hypermethylation in yattle were associated with DNA methylation involved in gamete generation, piRNA metabolic processes, spermatogenesis, and spermatid development (P < 2.6 × 10−5). Male infertility in yattle was associated with the promoter hypermethylation-associated silencing of PIWI/piRNA pathway genes including PIWIL1, DDX4, PLD6, MAEL, FKBP6, TDRD1 and TDRD5. The downstream effects of silencing these genes were diminished production of 29- to 31- nucleotide pachytene piRNAs in yattle testes. Hypermethylation events at transposable element loci (LINEs, SINEs, and LTRs) were found in yattle. LINE-derived prepachytene piRNAs increased and SINE-derived prepachytene piRNAs were reduced in yattle testes. Our data suggests that DNA methylation affects the PIWI/piRNA pathway and is involved in gene expression and pachytene piRNA production during spermatogenesis in bovine HMS. DNA hypermethylation and disruption of piRNA production contributed to unsuccessful germ cell development that may drive bovine HMS.
Imaging resonant dissipation from individual atomic defects in graphene
Creators: name: Halbertal, Dorri
name: Shalom, Moshe Ben
name: Uri, Aviram
name: Bagani, Kousik
name: Meltzer, Alexander Y.
name: Marcus, Ido
name: Myasoedov, Yuri
name: Birkbeck, John
name: Levitov, Leonid S.
name: Geim, Andre K.
name: Zeldov, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conversion of electric current into heat involves microscopic processes that operate on nanometer length-scales and release minute amounts of power. While central to our understanding of the electrical properties of materials, individual mediators of energy dissipation have so far eluded direct observation. Using scanning nano-thermometry with sub-micro K sensitivity we visualize and control phonon emission from individual atomic defects in graphene. The inferred electron-phonon 'cooling power spectrum' exhibits sharp peaks when the Fermi level comes into resonance with electronic quasi-bound states at such defects, a hitherto uncharted process. Rare in the bulk but abundant at graphene's edges, switchable atomic-scale phonon emitters define the dominant dissipation mechanism. Our work offers new insights for addressing key materials challenges in modern electronics and engineering dissipation at the nanoscale.
The Heuristic Function of Duality
Creators: name: De Haro, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I conceptualise the role of dualities in quantum gravity, in terms of their functions for theory construction. I distinguish between two functions of duality in physical practice: namely, discovering and describing 'equivalent physics', vs. suggesting 'new physics'. I dub these the 'theoretical' vs. the 'heuristic' functions of dualities. The distinction seems to have gone largely unnoticed in the philosophical literature: and it exists both for dualities, and for the more general relation of theoretical equivalence. The paper develops the heuristic function of dualities: illustrating how they can be used, if one has any luck, to find and formulate new theories. I also point to the different physical commitments about the theories in question that underlie these two functions. I show how a recently developed schema for dualities articulates the differences between the two functions.
description: 37 pages. v2: references updated, published version
Additional file 8 of Developing the INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework—a tool to help trialists design trials that better reflect the communities they serve
Creators: name: Treweek, Shaun
name: Banister, Katie
name: Bower, Peter
name: Cotton, Seonaidh
name: Devane, Declan
name: Gardner, Heidi R.
name: Isaacs, Talia
name: Nestor, Gary
name: Oshisanya, Adepeju
name: Parker, Adwoa
name: Rochester, Lynn
name: Soulsby, Irene
name: Williams, Hywel
name: Witham, Miles D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 8.
An optically injected mode locked laser
Creators: name: Rebrova, Natalia
name: Huyet, Guillaume
name: Rachinskii, Dmitrii
name: Vladimirov, Andrei G.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mode-locking
subject: semiconductor laser
subject: optical injection
subject: bifurcations
subject: delay differential equations
subject: multiscale analysis
subject: 78A60
subject: 65P30
subject: 42.60.Fc
subject: 042.55.Px
subject: 42.65.S

description: We study analytically and numerically a delay differential model of a passively mode-locked semiconductor laser subjected to a single frequency coherent injection. The width of the locking cone is calculated asymptotically in the limit of small injection and compared to that obtained by direct numerical integration of the model equations. The dependence of the locking cone on the laser parameters is discussed.
Orbifolds from a metric viewpoint
Creators: name: Lange, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R18, 14H30, 51F99

description: We characterize Riemannian orbifolds and their coverings in terms of metric geometry. In particular, we show that the metric double of a Riemannian orbifold along the closure of its codimension one stratum is a Riemannian orbifold and that the natural projection is an orbifold covering.
description: 15 pages, final version, appears in Geom. Dedicata
Spatial distribution, multivariate statistical analysis, and health risk assessment of some parameters controlling drinking water quality at selected primary schools located in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh
Creators: name: Kormoker, Tapos
name: Idris, Abubakr M.
name: Khan, Mohammed Mahmud
name: Tusher, Tanmoy Roy
name: Proshad, Ram
name: Islam, Md. Saiful
name: Khadka, Sujan
name: Rahman, Shaira
name: Kabir, Md. Humayun
name: Kundu, Satyajit
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The southwestern coastal areas of Bangladesh have been severely suffering from the scarcity of safe drinking water due to the combined consequences of hydrogeological processes, groundwater depletion, saltwater intrusion, and adverse anthropogenic activities. This concern results in serious public health hazards, particularly for children at primary schools. This study was conducted to evaluate some physiochemical and bacteriological parameters of drinking water from tube wells (TWs) located at primary schools in Kalapara upazila, Patuakhali district, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from 65 TWs. The levels of the examined parameters recorded the following ranges: pH 6.9–8.3, electrical conductivity 774.3–1987.0 μS/cm, Fe 0.12–15.78 mg/L, As 0.0–0.03 mg/L, and Cl− 9.0–354.0 mg/L. The results revealed that 11% of TWs exceeded the level of Fe recommended by the National Drinking Water Quality Standard in Bangladesh, while other physiochemical parameters fit with the national standards. The bacteriological analysis revealed that 60% of TWs delivered fecal coliform (FC)-free water, while 40% of TWs supplied total coliform (TC)-free water. However, about 26% of TWs had the potential to pose non-carcinogenic health problems for children from As, while only 5% of TWs were found to cause probable non-carcinogenic risks for adults. The calculated carcinogenic risks values for adult male and female were within the USEPA acceptable range (1 × 10−4–1 × 10−6), except for only one sampling point, while four sampling points (6.15% of TWs) exhibited carcinogenic risks for children. This result indicates that the ingestion of drinking water from those TWs may pose lifetime cancer risks to children.
Momentum conservation and correlation analyses in heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies
Creators: name: Borghini, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global transverse-momentum conservation induces correlations between any number of particles, which contribute in particular to the two- and three-particle correlations measured in heavy-ion collisions. These correlations are examined in detail, and their importance for studies of jets and their interaction with the medium is discussed.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. v2: corrected typos and added a paragraph
Global Lipschitz continuity for elliptic transmission problems with a boundary intersecting interface
Creators: name: Druet, Pierre-Étienne
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Elliptic transmission problems
subject: regularity theory
subject: Lipschitz continuity
subject: 35B65
subject: 35J25

description: We investigate the regularity of the weak solution to elliptic transmission problems that involve two layered anisotropic materials separated by a boundary intersecting interface. Under a compatibility condition for the angle of contact of the two surfaces and the boundary data, we prove the existence of square-integrable second derivatives, and the global Lipschitz continuity of the solution. We show that the second weak derivatives remain integrable to a certain power less than two if the compatibility condition is violated.
Stationary solutions for two-layer lubrication equations
Creators: name: Jachalski, Sebastian
name: Huth, Robert
name: Kitavtsev, Georgy
name: Peschka, Dirk
name: Wagner, Barbara
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: thin films
subject: gamma-convergence
subject: matched asymptotics
subject: free boundaries
subject: bilayer
subject: 76Dxx
subject: 76Txx
subject: 35B40
subject: 35C20
subject: 49Jxx

description: We investigate stationary solutions of flows of thin liquid bilayers in an energetic formulation which is motivated by the gradient flow structure of its lubrication approximation. The corresponding energy favors the liquid substrate to be only partially covered by the upper liquid. This is expressed by a negative spreading coefficient which arises from an intermolecular potential combining attractive and repulsive forces and leads to an ultra-thin layer of thickness ε. For the corresponding lubrication models existence of stationary solutions is proven. In the limit ε to 0 matched asymptotic analysis is applied to derive sharp-interface models and the corresponding contact angles, i.e. the Neumann triangle. In addition we use Γ-convergence and derive the equivalent sharp-interface models rigorously in this limit. For the resulting model existence and uniqueness of energetic minimizers are proven. The minimizers agree with solutions obtained by matched asymptotics.
Some remarks on the Stefan problem with surface structure
Creators: name: Gurtin, Morton E.
name: H. Mete. Soner
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Abstract: "This paper discusses a generalized Stefan problem which allows for supercooling and superheating and for capillarity in the interface between phases. Simple solutions are obtained indicating the chief differences between this problem and the classical Stefan problem. A weak formulation of the general problem is given."
Background discrimination capabilities of a heat and ionization germanium cryogenic detector
Creators: name: Di Stefano, P.
name: Berge, L.
name: Chambon, B.
name: Chapellier, M.
name: Chaumont, J.
name: Chardin, G.
name: Charvin, P.
name: De Jesus, M.
name: Drain, D.
name: Dumoulin, L.
name: Forget, P.
name: Garoche, P.
name: Gascon, J.
name: Goldbach, C.
name: L'Hote, D.
name: Mallet, J.
name: Mangin, J.
name: Marnieros, S.
name: Miramonti, L.
name: Mosca, L.
name: Navick, X. -F.
name: Nollez, G.
name: Pari, P.
name: Pecourt, S.
name: Simon, E.
name: Stab, L.
name: Torre, J. -P.
name: Tourbot, R.
name: Yvon, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrimination capabilities of a 70 g heat and ionization Ge bolometer are studied. This first prototype has been used by the EDELWEISS Dark Matter experiment, installed in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane, for direct detection of WIMPs. Gamma and neutron calibrations demonstrate that this type of detector is able to reject more than 99.6% of the background while retaining 95% of the signal, provided that the background events distribution is not biased towards the surface of the Ge crystal. However, the 1.17 kg.day of data taken in a relatively important radioactive environment show an extra population slightly overlapping the signal. This background is likely due to interactions of low energy photons or electrons near the surface of the crystal, and is somewhat reduced by applying a higher charge-collecting inverse bias voltage (-6 V instead of -2 V) to the Ge diode. Despite this contamination, more than 98% of the background can be rejected while retaining 50% of the signal. This yields a conservative upper limit of 0.7 event.day^{-1}.kg^{-1}.keV^{-1}_{recoil} at 90% confidence level in the 15-45 keV recoil energy interval; the present sensitivity appears to be limited by the fast ambient neutrons. Upgrades in progress on the installation are summarized.
description: Submitted to Astroparticle Physics, 14 pages
On the integral Hodge conjecture for real varieties, I
Creators: name: Benoist, Olivier
name: Wittenberg, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We formulate the "real integral Hodge conjecture", a version of the integral Hodge conjecture for real varieties, and raise the question of its validity for cycles of dimension 1 on uniruled and Calabi-Yau threefolds and on rationally connected varieties. We relate it to the problem of determining the image of the Borel-Haefliger cycle class map for 1-cycles, with the problem of deciding whether a real variety with no real point contains a curve of even geometric genus and with the problem of computing the torsion of the Chow group of 1-cycles of real threefolds. New results about these problems are obtained along the way.
description: 67 pages; v2: minor modifications; v3: Section 1.1.3 slightly expanded, final version
Impact of interfacial slip on the stability of liquid two-layer polymer films
Creators: name: Jachalski, Sebastian
name: Peschka, Dirk
name: Münch, Andreas
name: Wagner, Barbara
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: fluid dynamics
subject: thin-film models
subject: two-phase flow
subject: interfacial slip

description: In this study systems of coupled thin-film models for two immiscible liquid polymer layers on a solid substrate that account for interfacial slip and intermolecular forces are derived. On the scale of tens to hundred nanometers such two-layer systems are susceptable to instability and may rupture and dewet. The stability of the two-layer system and its significant dependence on the order of magnitude of slip is investigated via these thin-film models. With no-slip at both, the liquid-liquid and liquid-solid interface and polymer layers of comparable thickness, the dispersion relation typically shows two local maxima, one in the long-wave regime and the other at moderate wavenumbers. The former is associated with perturbations that mainly affect the gas-liquid interface and the latter with higher relative perturbation amplitudes at the liquid-liquid interface. Slip at the liquid-liquid interface generally favors the former perturbations. However, when the liquid-liquid and the liquidsolid interface exhibit large slip, the maxima shift to small wavenumbers for increasing slip and hence may significantly change the spinodal patterns.
MHC class II cell-autonomously regulates self-renewal and differentiation of normal and malignant B cells
Creators: name: Merkenschlager, Julia
name: Eksmond, Urszula
name: Danelli, Luca
name: Attig, Jan
name: Young, George R
name: Nowosad, Carla
name: Tolar, Pavel
name: Kassiotis, George
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Model organisms
subject: Imaging
subject: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Structural Biology & Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Infectious Disease
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Computational & Systems Biology

description: Best known for presenting antigenic peptides to CD4+ T cells, major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) also transmits or may modify intracellular signals. Here, we show that MHC II cell-autonomously regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in B-cell precursors, as well as in malignant B cells. Initiation of MHC II expression early during bone marrow B-cell development limited the occupancy of cycling compartments by promoting differentiation, thus regulating the numerical output of B cells. MHC II deficiency preserved stem cell characteristics in developing pro-B cells in vivo, and ectopic MHC II expression accelerated hematopoietic stem cell differentiation in vitro. Moreover, MHC II expression restrained growth of murine B-cell leukemia cell lines in vitro and in vivo, independently of CD4+ T-cell surveillance. Our results highlight an important cell-intrinsic contribution of MHC II expression to establishing the differentiated B-cell phenotype.