cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Apprenticeship Pay Survey, 2016
Apprenticeship Pay Survey, 2014-
Creators: name: IFF Research
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2017

description: The Apprenticeship Pay Survey, 2016 was carried out by IFF Research on behalf of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and involved 9,422 telephone interviews with apprentices in Great Britain. Apprenticeships are a structured programme of training, consisting of paid employment and learning, which give people the opportunity to work for an employer, learn on the job, build up knowledge and skills, and gain recognised qualifications within a specific occupation or trade. Apprenticeships are administered by the Skills Funding Agency (SFA) in England, Skills Development Scotland (SDS) in Scotland and the Welsh Government (WG) in Wales.

The National Minimum Wage is the minimum pay per hour almost all workers in the UK are entitled to by law. As well as separate minimum rates for those aged under 18, 18-20 and 21 or over, there is a distinct National Minimum Wage rate for apprentices aged 16 to 18 and those aged 19 or over who are in their first year of the Apprenticeship (all other apprentices are entitled to the National Minimum Wage for their age). From 1 April 2016, the government introduced a new mandatory National Living Wage (NLW) for workers aged 25 and above, initially set at £7.20 an hour - 50p higher than the adult NMW rate of £6.70 which applies to those aged 21 to 24. Apprentices aged 25 and above are entitled to the NLW if they are in the second or later year of their apprenticeship.

The main aim of this research was to provide an accurate, up-to-date picture of the pay of the apprentice population, both across Great Britain, and within England, Scotland and Wales, in order to assist with development and monitoring of Apprenticeship and National Minimum Wage policy. For example, evidence from the Apprenticeship Pay Survey contributes to the Low Pay Commission's recommendations to Government for the Apprenticeship minimum wage rate.

Further information is available from the GOV.UK Apprenticeship Pay Survey, 2016 webpage.

The Apprenticeship Pay Survey was also conducted in 2005, 2007, 2011, 2012 and 2014. Data for 2014 (see SN 7739) and 2016 are the only surveys currently available from the UK Data Service. This study (SN 8204) also includes a combined 2014 and 2016 data file.
Trace anomaly for 4D higher derivative scalar-dilaton theory
Creators: name: de la Cruz, F. Aceves
name: Tkach, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trace anomaly for conformally invariant higher derivative 4D scalar-dilaton theory is obtained by means of calculating divergent part of one-loop effective action for such system. Its applications are briefly mentioned
description: LaTex, 6 pages, submitted to Mexican Journal of Physics (Rev. Mex. Fis)
Volumetric atlas of the rat inner ear from microCT and iDISCO+ cleared temporal bone
Creators: name: Cossellu, Daniele
name: Vivado, Elisa
name: Pizzala, Roberto
name: Perin, Paola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Otorhinolaryngology
subject: Radiology
subject: Anatomic Landmarks/anatomy & histology
subject: Anatomy, Veterinary
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cochlea
subject: Vestibule, Labyrinth
subject: Models, Anatomic

description: Background 

Volumetric atlases are an invaluable tool in neuroscience and otolaryngology, greatly aiding experiment planning and surgical interventions, as well as the interpretation of experimental and clinical data. The rat is a major animal model for hearing and balance studies, and a detailed volumetric atlas for the rat central auditory system (Waxholm) is available. However, the Waxholm rat atlas only contains a coarse inner ear featuring 5 structures. In the present work, we segmented and annotated 34 structures in the rat inner ear, yielding a detailed volumetric inner ear atlas which can be integrated in the Waxholm rat brain atlas.

 

Methods

On rat temporal bones, we performed iodine-enhanced microCT and iDISCO+-based clearing and fluorescence lightsheet microscopy imaging. Image stacks were segmented in a semiautomated way, and 34 inner ear volumes were reconstructed from 5 samples. Using geometrical morphometry, segmentations obtained from lightsheet and microCT stacks were registered into the coordinate system of the Waxholm rat atlas.

 

Results

Cleared sample autofluorescence was used for the reconstruction of most inner ear structures, including fluid-filled compartments, nerves and sensory epithelia, blood vessels, and connective tissue structures. Image resolution allowed reconstruction of  thin ducts (reuniting, saccular and endolymphatic), and the utriculoendolymphatic valve. A blood vessel coursing through bone was found to be associated to the reuniting duct, and to be visible both in cleared and microCT samples, thus allowing to infer duct location from microCT scans. 

Cleared labyrinths showed minimal shape distortions, as shown by alignment with microCT and Waxholm labyrinths. However, membranous labyrinths could display variable collapse of the superior division, especially the roof of canal ampullae, whereas the inferior division (saccule and cochlea) was well preserved, with the exception of Reissner’s membrane that could display ruptures in the second cochlear turn. 

As an example of atlas use, the volumes reconstructed from segmentations were used to separate macrophage populations from the spiral ganglion, auditory neuron dendrites, and Organ of Corti.

 

Conclusion 

We have reconstructed 34 structures from the rat temporal bone, which are available as both image stacks and printable 3D objects in a shared repository for download. These can be used for teaching, localizing cells or other features within the ear, modeling auditory and vestibular sensory physiology and training of automated segmentation machine learning tools.
The Polyakov loop and the heat kernel expansion at finite temperature
Creators: name: Megias, E.
name: Arriola, E. Ruiz
name: Salcedo, L. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lower order terms of the heat kernel expansion at coincident points are computed in the context of finite temperature quantum field theory for flat space-time and in the presence of general gauge and scalar fields which may be non Abelian and non stationary. The computation is carried out in the imaginary time formalism and the result is fully consistent with invariance under topologically large and small gauge transformations. The Polyakov loop is shown to play a fundamental role.
description: 4 pages, REVTEX, no figures
Pollen morphology of eight endemic Inula L. (Asteraceae) species in Turkey
Creators: name: Kılıç, Nurgül Karlıoğlu
name: Dağdeviren, Rüya Yılmaz
name: Paksoy, Mehmet Yavuz
name: Yaman, Tutku Tuncalı
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: The pollen morphology of eight endemic species of the genus Inula L. (Asteraceae) – I. helenium subsp. orgyalis (Boiss.) Grierson, I. helenium subsp. vanensis Grierson, I. macrocephala Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss., I. discoidea Boiss., I. sarana Boiss., I. fragilis Boiss. & Hausskn., I. anatolica Boiss. and I. sechmenii Hartvig & Strid – distributed in Turkey was studied with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We found that the pollen of these Inula taxa are prolate-spheroidal in shape (except in Inula discoidea), with the polar axis ranging from 19.18 to 33.14 µm and the equatorial diameter ranging from 18.54 to 32.92 µm. The pollen grains are tricolporate and their ornamentation is echinate. The exine thickness ranges from 0.87 to 2.07 µm. As this study demonstrates, results of Principal Component Analysis are revealed that some of the pollen characters, such as spine length and width, are significant morphological characters for taxonomic discrimination of the eight endemic Inula taxa. According to cluster analysis, two main groups of examined taxa are constituted.
Economics of Energy Use for Broilar Production in Egypt
Creators: name: A. Goueli, Ahmed
name: Soliman, Ibrahim
name: A. Goueli, Ahmed
name: Soliman, Ibrahim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Economics of Energy Use for Broilar Production in Egypt
subject: Energy

description: 1st Egyptian-British Conference on Animal and Poultry Production, 11-13 September 1984, Zagazig, Egypt
Hardness of Minimum Barrier Shrinkage and Minimum Installation Path
Creators: name: Cabello, Sergio
name: de Verdière, Éric Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the Minimum Installation Path problem, we are given a graph $G$ with edge weights $w(.)$ and two vertices $s,t$ of $G$. We want to assign a non-negative power $p(v)$ to each vertex $v$ of $G$ so that the edges $uv$ such that $p(u)+p(v)$ is at least $w(uv)$ contain some $s$-$t$-path, and minimize the sum of assigned powers. In the Minimum Barrier Shrinkage problem, we are given a family of disks in the plane and two points $x$ and $y$ lying outside the disks. The task is to shrink the disks, each one possibly by a different amount, so that we can draw an $x$-$y$ curve that is disjoint from the interior of the shrunken disks, and the sum of the decreases in the radii is minimized. We show that the Minimum Installation Path and the Minimum Barrier Shrinkage problems (or, more precisely, the natural decision problems associated with them) are weakly NP-hard.
Quality of Life: Pilot 1, March 1971
Quality of Life, 1971-1975
Creators: name: Hall, J. F.
name: Abrams, M.
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2017

description: The purpose of this study was to probe subjective indicators of social life in various aspects - housing, health, education, job, standard of living, district, democratic processes and leisure. This dataset comprises the first pilot element of the wider study.
Dynamics of collapsing and exploding Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Adhikari, Sadhan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Donley et al. performed an experiment on the dynamics of collapsing and exploding Bose-Einstein condensates by suddenly changing the scattering length of atomic interaction to a large negative value on a preformed repulsive condensate of $^{85}$Rb atoms in an axially symmetric trap. Consequently, the condensate collapses and ejects atoms via explosions. We show that the accurate numerical solution of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation with axial symmetry can explain some aspects of the dynamics of the collapsing condensate.
description: 4 latex pages, 3 postscript figures
Buddleja grisea Kraenzlin 1908
Creators: name: O'Leary, Nataly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Scrophulariaceae
Buddleja
Buddleja grisea

description: Buddleja grisea Kraenzlin (1908: 311)
Type (lectotype designated by Norman 2000: 76 as “holotype”, corrected here):— PARAGUAY. Guairá: “ Prope Villarica in paludosis ”, January 1905, E. Hassler 8831 (F barcode V0360288F! [digital image], fragment ex B photo neg. 3883!, isolectotypes BM barcode 89830! [digital image], G barcode 095782! [digital image], G barcode 095783! [digital image], G barcode 095784! [digital image], GH barcode 75700! [digital image], NY barcode 297534! [digital image], S barcode 10-26130! [digital image]).
Current status:—heterotypic synonym of Buddleja elegans Cham. & Schltdl. subsp. angustata (Benth.) E.M. Norman.
description: Published as part of O'Leary, Nataly, 2015, Typification and nomenclatural notes on twenty-three names of Buddleja (Schrophulariaceae), pp. 237-245 in Phytotaxa 234 (3) on page 240, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/13632992
The Agricultural Product Space: Prospects for South Africa
Creators: name: Idsardi, E.F.
name: Schalkwyk, H.D.
name: Viviers, W.
name: Idsardi, E.F.
name: Schalkwyk, H.D.
name: Viviers, W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: product space
subject: South Africa
subject: agro-complex
subject: economic development

description: South Africa’s sluggish economic growth and limited structural transformation are at the core of the country’s high levels of unemployment and poverty. Why some countries are able to grow and others not has been the subject of much academic debate, with recent literature exploring the relationship between growth and a country’s productive structure. Although the magnitude of the role of agriculture in economic development is contentious within the context of an upper middle-income country, like South Africa, the sector has unmistakably a contribution to make in the much needed transformation and growth process. Therefore, this study analyses the structure of the agro-complex through the application of the ‘product space’ framework. This methodology investigates the product-level relatedness within the sector and arrives at a structure of an agricultural product space network. This structure allows potential diversification pathways to be identified which can form the basis of transformation within South Africa’s agro-complex.
Quantum radiation of Kerr black hole in de Sitter background
Creators: name: Singh, T. Ibungochouba
name: Meitei, Y. Kenedy
name: Meitei, I. Ablu
name: Singh, K. Yugindro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the tunneling of vector boson particles across the event horizon of Kerr-de Sitter black hole by using Hamilton-Jacobi ansatz to Proca equation and WKB approximation. The surface gravity of KdS black hole has been recovered by using direct calculation and Proca equation. These two different methods give the same Hawking temperature at the event horizon.
description: Accepted in Indian Journal of Physics
Improving Sequence Modeling Ability of Recurrent Neural Networks via Sememes
Creators: name: Qin, Yujia
name: Qi, Fanchao
name: Ouyang, Sicong
name: Liu, Zhiyuan
name: Yang, Cheng
name: Wang, Yasheng
name: Liu, Qun
name: Sun, Maosong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Sememes, the minimum semantic units of human languages, have been successfully utilized in various natural language processing applications. However, most existing studies exploit sememes in specific tasks and few efforts are made to utilize sememes more fundamentally. In this paper, we propose to incorporate sememes into recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to improve their sequence modeling ability, which is beneficial to all kinds of downstream tasks. We design three different sememe incorporation methods and employ them in typical RNNs including LSTM, GRU and their bidirectional variants. In evaluation, we use several benchmark datasets involving PTB and WikiText-2 for language modeling, SNLI for natural language inference and another two datasets for sentiment analysis and paraphrase detection. Experimental results show evident and consistent improvement of our sememe-incorporated models compared with vanilla RNNs, which proves the effectiveness of our sememe incorporation methods. Moreover, we find the sememe-incorporated models have higher robustness and outperform adversarial training in defending adversarial attack. All the code and data of this work can be obtained at https://github.com/thunlp/SememeRNN.
description: Published in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing (TASLP). 10 pages, 2 figures
Palynology from ground zero of the Chicxulub impact, southern Gulf of Mexico
Creators: name: Vann Smith
name: Warny, Sophie
name: Vellekoop, Johan
name: Vajda, Vivi
name: Escarguel, Gilles
name: Jarzen, David M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Palynological analysis of Site M0077A in the Chicxulub impact crater has yielded a record of the immediate Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) recovery from ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, followed by a record of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and later Ypresian (Eocene), including the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). Eight specimens of the dinoflagellate cyst Trithyrodinium evittii have been observed near the base of the K/Pg transitional unit; these likely represent a post-impact dinoflagellate disaster recovery assemblage deposited within several days following the impact, although the possibility that some or all of the T. evittii specimens are reworked Maastrichtian cysts cannot be fully excluded. Despite high-resolution sampling of the lowermost Paleocene successions, the oldest identifiable terrestrial palynomorphs observed in the Site M0077A core, two specimens of Deltoidospora fern spores, occur at least ∼200,000 years after the impact. Other than these occurrences, the Paleocene section is nearly barren in terms of palynomorphs, likely a result of poor preservation of organic material combined with a long recovery time for vegetation in the vicinity of the crater. Pollen and fungal spore concentrations spike in an anoxic dark shale deposited during the PETM around 56 Ma, with a diverse pollen assemblage indicating the presence of a coastal shrubby tropical forest in the geographic vicinity, likely in the Yucatán Peninsula to the south. In the marine realm, this interval is characterized by thermophilic assemblages of dinoflagellate cysts. Stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis identified four statistically robust sample clusters in the lower Eocene successions, with Malvacipollis spp. and Milfordia spp. abundances driving the highest average dissimilarity between clusters. A second notable spike in palynological concentrations above the PETM section may represent another early Eocene hyperthermal event. Pollen and plant spore concentrations generally increased during the EECO, associated with increases in terrestrial input during basin infilling.
CHANGES IN THE CROP PRODUCTION AND THEIR SOURCES IN BANGLADESH AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Deb, U.K.
name: Dey, M.M.
name: Mandal, M.A.S.
name: Deb, U.K.
name: Dey, M.M.
name: Mandal, M.A.S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The magnitude of changes in average crop production and the sources of changes were measured for six crops- Aus rice, Aman rice, Boro rice , jute, wheat and sugarcane between two time periods pre-modern technology adoption period and modern technology (MT) adoption period. Except for wheat, these periods were defined as 1947/48 -1967/68 and 1968/69- 1986/87 respectively. For wheat, these periods were defined as 1947/48-1971/72 and 1972/73 -1986/87 respectively. The analysis shows that production, area and yield increased at the national level for all the crops except jute. Although area under jute increased, its production and yield declined in the second period. Change in mean area was the main source of mean production change in sugarcane, Aus rice and Boro rice. But yield was the main source of increase in Aman rice production and decrease in jute production. For wheat, interaction between changes in mean area and mean yield was the principal source of change in production. And yield of all these crops except jute increased due to the adoption of modern technology (MT). Finally, some policy conclusions are drawn with respect to an improvement of production levels of the major crops.
FACTORS INFLUENCING YIELD GROWTH AND PRODUCTION INSTABILITY OF JUTE IN BANGLADESH.
Creators: name: Alam, Shamsul
name: Lingard, John
name: Alam, Shamsul
name: Lingard, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Yield growth trends as well as area, yield and production instabilities and their relationships were measured. Impact of product price on yield increase was estimated. Relative product price changes had no impact on yield increase though jute area allocation was highly influenced by the relative product price changes. Both jute price and production instabilities were substantial.
2-loop Functional Renormalization Group Theory of the Depinning Transition
Creators: name: Doussal, Pierre Le
name: Wiese, Kay Joerg
name: Chauve, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the field theory which describes the universal properties of the quasi-static isotropic depinning transition for interfaces and elastic periodic systems at zero temperature, taking properly into account the non-analytic form of the dynamical action. This cures the inability of the 1-loop flow-equations to distinguish between statics and quasi-static depinning, and thus to account for the irreversibility of the latter. We prove two-loop renormalizability, obtain the 2-loop beta-function and show the generation of "irreversible" anomalous terms, originating from the non-analytic nature of the theory, which cause the statics and driven dynamics to differ at 2-loop order. We obtain the roughness exponent zeta and dynamical exponent z to order epsilon^2. This allows to test several previous conjectures made on the basis of the 1-loop result. First it demonstrates that random-field disorder does indeed attract all disorder of shorter range. It also shows that the conjecture zeta=epsilon/3 is incorrect, and allows to compute the violations, as zeta=epsilon/3 (1 + 0.14331 epsilon), epsilon=4-d. This solves a longstanding discrepancy with simulations. For long-range elasticity it yields zeta=epsilon/3 (1 + 0.39735 epsilon), epsilon=2-d (vs. the standard prediction zeta=1/3 for d=1), in reasonable agreement with the most recent simulations. The high value of zeta approximately 0.5 found in experiments both on the contact line depinning of liquid Helium and on slow crack fronts is discussed.
description: 32 pages, 17 figures, revtex 4
Torsional Oscillations of Magnetized Relativistic Stars
Creators: name: Messios, Neophytos
name: Papadopoulos, Demetrios B.
name: Stergioulas, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong magnetic fields in relativistic stars can be a cause of crust fracturing, resulting in the excitation of global torsional oscillations. Such oscillations could become observable in gravitational waves or in high-energy radiation, thus becoming a tool for probing the equation of state of relativistic stars. As the eigenfrequency of torsional oscillation modes is affected by the presence of a strong magnetic field, we study torsional modes in magnetized relativistic stars. We derive the linearized perturbation equations that govern torsional oscillations coupled to the oscillations of a magnetic field, when variations in the metric are neglected (Cowling approximation). The oscillations are described by a single two-dimensional wave equation, which can be solved as a boundary value problem to obtain eigenfrequencies. We find that in the non-magnetized case, typical oscillation periods of the fundamental l=2 torsional modes can be nearly a factor of two larger for relativistic stars than previously computed in the Newtonian limit. For magnetized stars, we show that the influence of the magnetic field is highly dependent on the assumed magnetic field configuration and simple estimates obtained previously in the literature cannot be used for identifying normal modes observationally.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, revised figure and equations, MNRAS in press
On the formation of Super-AGB stars in intemediate mass close binary systems
Creators: name: Gil-Pons, Pilar
name: Garcia-Berro, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of a star of initial mass 9 M_s, and Z = 0.02 in a Close Binary System is followed in the presence of different mass companions in order to study their influence on the final evolutionary stages and, in particular, on the structure and composition of the remnant components. We study two extreme cases. In the first one the mass of the secondary is 8 M_s, whereas in the second one the mass was assumed to be 1 M_s. For the first of those cases we have also explored the possible outcomes of both conservative and non-conservative mass-loss episodes. During the first mass transfer episode, several differences arise between the models. The system with the more extreme mass ratio is not able to survive the 1st. Roche lobe overflow, and spiral-in of the secondary onto the envelope of the primary is most likely. The system formed by two stars of comparable mass undergoes two mass transfer episodes in which the primary is the donor. We have performed two sets of calculations corresponding to this case in order to account for conservative and non-conservative mass transfer during the first mass loss episode. One of our main results is that for the non-conservative case the secondary becomes a Super-AGB. Such a star undergoes a final dredge-up episode, similar to that of a single star of comparable mass. The primary components do not undergo a Super-AGB phase, but instead a carbon-oxygen white dwarf is formed in both cases, before reversal mass transfer occurs. However, given the extreme mass ratios at this stage between the components of the binary system, the possibility of merger episodes remains likely. We also discuss the presumable final outcomes of the system and possible observational counterparts.
description: 10 pages, 12figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Exact Multi-Instanton Solutions to Selfdual Yang-Mills Equation on Curved Spaces
Creators: name: Nian, Jun
name: Qian, Yachao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find exact multi-instanton solutions to the selfdual Yang-Mills equation on a large class of curved spaces with $SO(3)$ isometry, generalizing the results previously found on $\mathbb{R}^4$. The solutions are featured with explicit multi-centered expressions and topological properties. As examples, we demonstrate the approach on several different curved spaces, including the Einstein static universe and $\mathbb{R} \times$ dS$_3^E$, and show that the exact multi-instanton solutions exist on these curved backgrounds.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; V2: published version, more discussions added
Palynology from ground zero of the Chicxulub impact, Southern Gulf of Mexico
Creators: name: Vann Smith
name: Warny, Sophie
name: Vellekoop, Johan
name: Vajda, Vivi
name: Escarguel, Gilles
name: Jarzen, David M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Palynological analysis of Site M0077A in the Chicxulub impact crater has yielded a record of the immediate Cretaceous/Paleogene recovery from ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, followed by a record of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and later Ypresian (Eocene), including the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). Eight specimens of the dinoflagellate cyst Trithyrodinium evittii have been observed near the bottom of the K/Pg transitional unit; these likely represent a post-impact dinoflagellate disaster recovery assemblage deposited within several days following the impact, although the possibility that some or all of the T. evittii specimens are reworked Maastrichtian cysts cannot be fully excluded. Despite high-resolution sampling of the lowermost Paleocene successions, the oldest identifiable terrestrial palynomorphs observed in the Site M0077A core, two specimens of Deltoidospora fern spores, occur at least ∼200,000 years after the impact. Other than these occurrences, the Paleocene section is nearly barren in terms of palynomorphs, likely a result of poor preservation of organic material combined with a long recovery time for vegetation in the vicinity of the crater. Pollen and fungal spore concentrations spike in an anoxic dark shale deposited during the PETM around 56 Ma, with a diverse pollen assemblage indicating the presence of a coastal shrubby tropical forest in the geographic vicinity, likely in the Yucatán Peninsula to the south. In the marine realm, this interval is characterized by thermophilic assemblages of dinoflagellate cysts. Stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis identified four statistically robust sample clusters in the lower Eocene successions, with Malvacipollis spp. and Milfordia spp. abundances driving the highest average dissimilarity between clusters. A second notable spike in palynological concentrations above the PETM section may represent another early Eocene hyperthermal event. Pollen and plant spore concentrations generally increase during the EECO, associated with increases in terrestrial input during basin infilling.
On Lagrangians and Gaugings of Maximal Supergravities
Creators: name: de Wit, Bernard
name: Samtleben, Henning
name: Trigiante, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A consistent gauging of maximal supergravity requires that the T-tensor transforms according to a specific representation of the duality group. The analysis of viable gaugings is thus amenable to group-theoretical analysis, which we explain and exploit for a large variety of gaugings. We discuss the subtleties in four spacetime dimensions, where the ungauged Lagrangians are not unique and encoded in an E_7(7)\Sp(56,R)/GL(28) matrix. Here we define the T-tensor and derive all relevant identities in full generality. We present a large number of examples in d=4,5 spacetime dimensions which include non-semisimple gaugings of the type arising in (multiple) Scherk-Schwarz reductions. We also present some general background material on the latter as well as some group-theoretical results which are necessary for using computer algebra.
description: 39 pages, LaTeX2e
Additional file 1: of Tuberculosis exposure, infection and disease in children: a systematic diagnostic approach
Creators: name: Roya-Pabon, Claudia
name: Perez-Velez, Carlos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Differential diagnosis of chronic cough in children. Table S2. Nucleic acid amplification tests for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and genes encoding targets of mutations conferring drug resistance. Table S3. Differential diagnosis of clinical-radiological syndromes associated with intrathoracic TB in children. Textbox 1. Spectrum of possible organ involvement in TB disease. Textbox 2. Risk factors for TB infection in children. (PDF 617Â kb)
Mechanistic approach to generalized technical analysis of share prices and stock market indices
Creators: name: Ausloos, M.
name: Ivanova, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical technical analysis methods of stock evolution are recalled, i.e. the notion of moving averages and momentum indicators. The moving averages lead to define death and gold crosses, resistance and support lines. Momentum indicators lead the price trend, thus give signals before the price trend turns over. The classical technical analysis investment strategy is thereby sketched. Next, we present a generalization of these tricks drawing on physical principles, i.e. taking into account not only the price of a stock but also the volume of transactions. The latter becomes a time dependent generalized mass. The notion of pressure, acceleration and force are deduced. A generalized (kinetic) energy is easily defined. It is understood that the momentum indicators take into account the sign of the fluctuations, while the energy is geared toward the absolute value of the fluctuations. They have different patterns which are checked by searching for the crossing points of their respective moving averages. The case of IBM evolution over 1990-2000 is used for illustrations.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures; presented at the Third EPS Conference on Application of Physics in Financial Analysis, London, UK, Dec. 3-7, 2001
(b,v)-type variables for black to white hole transitions in effective loop quantum gravity
Creators: name: Bodendorfer, Norbert
name: Mele, Fabio M.
name: Münch, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum gravity effects in effective models of loop quantum gravity, such as loop quantum cosmology, are encoded in the choice of so-called polymerisation schemes. Physical viability of the models, such as an onset of quantum effects at curvature scales near the Planck curvature, severely restrict the possible choices. An alternative point of view on the choice of polymerisation scheme is to choose adapted variables so that the scheme is the simplest possible one, known as $μ_0$-scheme in loop quantum cosmology. There, physically viable models with $μ_0$-scheme polymerise the Hubble rate $b$ that is directly related to the Ricci scalar and the matter energy density on-shell. Consequently, the onset of quantum effects depends precisely on those parameters. In this letter, we construct similar variables for black to white hole transitions modelled using the description of the Schwarzschild interior as a Kantowski-Sachs cosmology. The resulting model uses the $μ_0$-scheme and features sensible physics for a broad range of initial conditions (= choices of black and white hole masses) and favours symmetric transitions upon invoking additional qualitative arguments. The resulting Hamiltonian is very simple and at most quadratic in its arguments, allowing for a straight forward quantisation.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, published version, minor improvements, references added, conclusions expanded
Gravitational Equilibrium in the Presence of a Positive Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Nowakowski, Marek
name: Sanabria, Juan Carlos
name: Garcia, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the virial theorem in the presence of a positive cosmological constant Lambda. Assuming steady state, we derive an inequality of the form rho >= A (Lambda / 4 pi GN) for the mean density rho of the astrophysical object. With a minimum at Asphere = 2, its value can increase by several orders of magnitude as the shape of the object deviates from a spherically symmetric one. This, among others, indicates that flattened matter distributions like e.g. clusters or superclusters, with low density, cannot be in gravitational equilibrium.
description: 7 pages, no figures
Additional file 1: of Comparison between procalcitonin and C-reactive protein to predict blood culture results in ICU patients
Creators: name: Bassetti, Matteo
name: Russo, Alessandro
name: Righi, Elda
name: Dolso, Elisabetta
name: Merelli, Maria
name: Cannarsa, Nicola
name: DâAurizio, Federica
name: Sartor, Assunta
name: Curcio, Francesco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S1. Receiver operating characteristic curves about procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to predict blood cultures positive for Gram-negative (A), Enterobacteriaceae (B), Gram-positive (C), and fungal (D) etiology. Table S1. Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients according to etiology of infection. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP C-reactive protein, CVC central venous catheter, ICU intensive care unit, ns not significant, PCT procalcitonin, SAPS simplified acute physiology score, SD standard deviation, SSTI skin and soft tissue infection. *Gram-positive etiology versus Gram-negative etiology. #Gram-negative etiology versus fungal etiology. Â§Gram-positive etiology versus fungal etiology. (DOC 435 kb)
Supplementary Materials for Schell et al. 2022
Creators: name: Schell, Rachel
name: J. Hale, Joseph
name: Mullis, Martin N.
name: Matsui, Takeshi
name: Foree, Ryan
name: M. Ehrenreich, Ian
Publisher: name: GSA Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Materials for Schell et al. 2022. Genetics. Genetic Basis of a Spontaneous Mutation's Expressivity
Self-averaging in many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium. II. Approach to the localized phase
Creators: name: Torres-Herrera, E. Jonathan
name: De Tomasi, Giuseppe
name: Schiulaz, Mauro
name: Pérez-Bernal, Francisco
name: Santos, Lea F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-averaging behavior of interacting many-body quantum systems has been mostly studied at equilibrium. The present work addresses what happens out of equilibrium, as the increase of the strength of onsite disorder takes the system to the localized phase. We consider two local and two non-local quantities of great experimental and theoretical interest. In the delocalized phase, self-averaging depends on the observable and on the time scale, but the picture simplifies substantially when localization is reached. In the localized phase, the local observables become self-averaging at all times, while the non-local quantities are throughout non-self-averaging. These behaviors are explained and scaling analysis are provided using the $\ell$-bits model and a toy model.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures; new title, new section, scaling analysis and analytical results
Gambling in England and Scotland, 2015: Combined Data from the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey
Gambling in England and Scotland: Combined Data from the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey
Creators: name: Scottish Centre For Social Research
name: NatCen Social Research
Publisher: name: UK Data Service
Year: 2018

description: In 2014, data from the 2012 Health Survey for England (HSE) and the Scottish Health Survey (SHeS) were combined to produce nationally representative estimates of gambling participation and problem gambling for England and Scotland (see SN 7631). This study repeats the process, combining data from the 2015 HSE and SHeS. HSE and SHeS are nationally representative surveys of people living in private households in Great Britain, which use similar sampling methods and the same approach to data collection, making these two surveys directly comparable. The same questions about past year gambling behaviour and screening instruments to identify problem gamblers were used in both studies. To boost sample sizes for analysis, the data have been combined and reweighted to be reflective of the general population living in England and Scotland. All variables which are comparable between the two surveys have also been included in this dataset.

Users should note that the study report describes some data used from the Wales Omnibus study, but due to differences in the study methodologies, those data are not included in this dataset.
of Tuberculosis exposure, infection and disease in children: a systematic diagnostic approach
Creators: name: Roya-Pabon, Claudia
name: Perez-Velez, Carlos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: of Tuberculosis exposure, infection and disease in children: a systematic diagnostic approach
Static and fatigue behaviour of internal replacement pipe systems subjected to surface load from vehicular traffic
Creators: name: Kiriella, Shanika
Publisher: name: University of Southern Queensland
Year: 2024
Subjects: Internal replacement pipe
gas and oil pipelines
trenchless repair technology
composites
repetitive traffic loading
finite element analysis

description: Internal replacement pipe (IRP) systems are a new and emerging trenchless technology utilised for rehabilitating legacy gas and oil pipes with circumferential cracks or discontinuities. IRP systems necessitate a design and development approach that ensures their reliable performance and durability against various types of loads throughout their service life. This thesis systematically investigated the static and fatigue behaviour of IRP systems in discontinuous host pipes under vehicular traffic loading to ensure their effective design and implementation. The first investigation involved the numerical analysis of the static bending behaviour of legacy pipes repaired with IRP systems, specifically focusing on those with full circumferential cracks or discontinuities. The influence of critical design parameters, such as width of host pipe discontinuity, thickness and elastic modulus of IRP, on the bending behaviour of pipe repair systems was investigated. A simplified and robust analytical model that can effectively capture the nonlinear lateral deformation behaviour of different IRP systems, including stand-alone IRP, IRP installed within a continuous host pipe and IRP installed within host pipes with discontinuities was also developed. In the second study, the flexural fatigue performance of IRP systems completely bonded to discontinuous host pipe segments was analysed numerically under repeated traffic loading. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to assess the impact of important design parameters, including discontinuity width, thickness and elastic modulus of IRP, and the magnitude of the traffic loading, on the bending fatigue performance. The combined effect of the internal pressure and traffic load on the flexural fatigue behaviour of IRP systems installed in discontinuous legacy pipes was examined numerically in the third study. The last investigation was undertaken to numerically investigate the influence of bonding level on the flexural fatigue performance of IRP systems. The findings of this research provided a better understanding of the static and fatigue behaviour of IRP systems and the effect of critical design parameters on their lateral deformation behaviour and fatigue life. The numerical results, simplified analytical models, mathematical equations and design charts developed from this study will provide valuable insight for pipeline developers and designers, enabling them to enhance the safety, reliability, and cost efficiency of IRP systems.
Exotic fluids and crystals of soft polymeric colloids
Creators: name: Likos, Christos N
name: Hoffmann, Norman
name: Lowen, Hartmut
name: Louis, Ard A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss recent developments and present new findings in the colloidal description of soft polymeric macromolecular aggregates. For various macromolecular architectures, such as linear chains, star polymers, dendrimers and polyelectrolyte stars, the effective interactions between suitably chosen coordinates are shown to be ultrasoft, i.e., they either remain finite or diverge very slowly at zero separation. As a consequence, the fluid phases have unusual characteristics, including anomalous pair correlations and mean-field like thermodynamic behaviour. The solid phases can exhibit exotic, strongly anisotropic as well as open crystal structures. For example, the diamond and the A15-phase are shown to be stable at sufficiently high concentrations. Reentrant melting and clustering transitions are additional features displayed by such systems, resulting in phase diagrams with a very rich topology. We emphasise that many of these effects are fundamentally different from the usual archetypal hard sphere paradigm. Instead, we propose that these fluids fall into the class of mean-field fluids.
description: 22 pages, uses iopart.cls and iopart10.clo; submitted to Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, special issue in honour of professor Peter Pusey
Smodicinodes Ono 1993
Creators: name: Tang, Guo
name: Li, Shuqiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Thomisidae
Smodicinodes

description: Gen. Smodicinodes Ono, 1993
 Type species: Smodicinodes kovaci Ono, 1993 from Malaysia.
 Species included. S. kovaci Ono, 1993, S. schwendingeri Benjamin, 2002 and S. hupingensis Tang, Yin and Peng, 2004 from Southeast Asia.
 Remarks. Besides Smodicinodes, the tribe Smodicini Ono, 1988 includes three monotypic genera: Smodicinus Simon, 1895 (West, Southern Africa), Parasmodix Jézéquel, 1966 (Ivory Coast, Africa), Smodicinodes Ono, 1993 (Southeast Asia) and Indosmodicinus Sen, Saha and Raychaudhuri, 2010. Indosmodicinus was erected on the basis of female specimens only (Sen et al. 2010), these specimens show a unique large crest.
description: Published as part of Tang, Guo & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Crab spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Thomisidae) 2703, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 2703 on page 58