cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Shaping for Finite Blocklengths: Distribution Matching and Sphere Shaping
Creators: name: Gültekin, Yunus Can
name: Fehenberger, Tobias
name: Alvarado, Alex
name: Willems, Frans M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we provide for the first time a systematic comparison of distribution matching (DM) and sphere shaping (SpSh) algorithms for short blocklength probabilistic amplitude shaping. For asymptotically large blocklengths, constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) is known to generate the target capacity-achieving distribution. As the blocklength decreases, however, the resulting rate loss diminishes the efficiency of CCDM. We claim that for such short blocklengths and over the additive white Gaussian channel (AWGN), the objective of shaping should be reformulated as obtaining the most energy-efficient signal space for a given rate (rather than matching distributions). In light of this interpretation, multiset-partition DM (MPDM), enumerative sphere shaping (ESS) and shell mapping (SM), are reviewed as energy-efficient shaping techniques. Numerical results show that MPDM and SpSh have smaller rate losses than CCDM. SpSh--whose sole objective is to maximize the energy efficiency--is shown to have the minimum rate loss amongst all. We provide simulation results of the end-to-end decoding performance showing that up to 1 dB improvement in power efficiency over uniform signaling can be obtained with MPDM and SpSh at blocklengths around 200. Finally, we present a discussion on the complexity of these algorithms from the perspective of latency, storage and computations.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Inhomogeneous distribution of particles in co-flow and counterflow quantum turbulence
Creators: name: Polanco, Juan Ignacio
name: Krstulovic, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particles are today the main tool to study superfluid turbulence and visualize quantum vortices. In this work, we study the dynamics and the spatial distribution of particles in co-flow and counterflow superfluid helium turbulence in the framework of the two-fluid Hall-Vinen-Bekarevich-Khalatnikov (HVBK) model. We perform three-dimensional numerical simulations of the HVBK equations along with the particle dynamics that depends on the motion of both fluid components. We find that, at low temperatures, where the superfluid mass fraction dominates, particles strongly cluster in vortex filaments regardless of their physical properties. At higher temperatures, as viscous drag becomes important and the two components become tightly coupled, the clustering dynamics in the coflowing case approach those found in classical turbulence, while under strong counterflow, the particle distribution is dominated by the quasi-two-dimensionalization of the flow.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted in Physical Review Fluids
title: COVID-19 and Financial Markets: A Panel Analysis for European Countries
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Klose, Jens
name: Tillmann, Peter
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: event study
monetary policy, European Monetary Union
�scal policy
Economics
Wirtschaft
announcements

description: In order to fight the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, monetary and fiscal policy announced a large variety of support packages which are often unprecedented in size. In this paper, we provide an empirical analysis of the responses of European financial markets to these policy announcements. The key contribution is a very granular set of policy announcements, both at the national and the European level. We also differentiate between the first announcement in a series of policies and the subsequent announcements because the initial steps were often seen as bad news about the state of the economy. In a panel model we find that monetary policy, in particular through asset purchases, is effective in supporting the real economy and easing the pressure on governmental finances. Across all subsets of polices, it seems that monetary policy is more effective in supporting the stock market than national fiscal policy, though markets clearly distinguish between different types of policies.
Tethocyathus prahli Lattig & Cairns 2000
Creators: name: Reyes, Javier
name: Santodomingo, Nadiezhda
name: Cairns, Stephen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Caryophylliidae
Tethocyathus
Tethocyathus prahli

description: Tethocyathus prahli Lattig & Cairns, 2000
Figs. 2N–O
 Tethocyathus prahli Lattig & Cairns, 2000: 590–595, fig 1.
 Remarks: T. prahli is one of the few extant scleractinian species with a transpanamic distribution. This species was described based on specimens collected in the Colombian Caribbean and Cocos Island, and fossil material dating from the early Pleistocene (Panama, Pacific coast), suggesting a relictual distribution of a previously more widespread species. In the Caribbean Sea, T. prahli has been found settled on empty shells of Pomacea sp. (a freshwater gastropod) and sea urchin skeletons. New material was collected in the Colombian Pacific represented by six T. prahli specimens; some of them were found in a well preserved condition, attached to empty shells of the gastropod Polystira sp., but the majority of these Pacific samples were skeletons settled on wood debris and mud consolidates. T. prahli specimens are associated with river flow debris deposits in both the Caribbean and the eastern Pacific. There are some morphological differences among the specimens according to their geographical distribution. Thus, thecal rings in the Caribbean corallites are thin and extend to near the calicular edge, whereas in the Pacific specimens the rings are retracted into the calicular space; palar ornamentation in the Caribbean samples is smaller, about 2/3 the size in comparison to the Pacific corallites.
 Distribution: Previously known only from the type localities off the Magdalena River delta (Colombia) and Cocos Island (Costa Rica), between 303 and 333 m (Lattig & Cairns 2000). Our records extend the distribution of T. prahli to the northern coast of the Colombian Pacific, off Octavia Bay to off the San Juan River delta (see Fig. 1); from 76 to 295 m depth. In the Caribbean, it is known from off the Magdalena River delta to off Punta Gallinas. The bathymetric range was also extended up to 76 m depth, off the northern coast of the Colombian Pacific.
 Material: INV CNI241, 1 specimen, holotype, E49; INV CNI242, 1 specimen, paratype, E49; INV CNI905, 4 specimens, E89; INV CNI320, 1 specimen, SB2424 (Cocos Island); INV CNI1514, 6 specimens, P14E11a115; INV CNI1516, 1 specimen, P1E22b37; INV CNI1517, 2 specimens, P3E17b27; INV CNI1518, 1 specimen, P3E17b27.
description: Published as part of Reyes, Javier, Santodomingo, Nadiezhda & Cairns, Stephen, 2009, Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2262 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5306371
Non-intrusive model reduction of large-scale, nonlinear dynamical systems using deep learning
Creators: name: Gao, Han
name: Wang, Jian-Xun
name: Zahr, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Projection-based model reduction has become a popular approach to reduce the cost associated with integrating large-scale dynamical systems so they can be used in many-query settings such as optimization and uncertainty quantification. For nonlinear systems, significant cost reduction is only possible with an additional layer of approximation to reduce the computational bottleneck of evaluating the projected nonlinear terms. Prevailing methods to approximate the nonlinear terms are code intrusive, potentially requiring years of development time to integrate into an existing codebase, and have been known to lack parametric robustness. This work develops a non-intrusive method to efficiently and accurately approximate the expensive nonlinear terms that arise in reduced nonlinear dynamical system using deep neural networks. The neural network is trained using only the simulation data used to construct the reduced basis and evaluations of the nonlinear terms at these snapshots. Once trained, the neural network-based reduced-order model only requires forward and backward propagation through the network to evaluate the nonlinear term and its derivative, which are used to integrate the reduced dynamical system at a new parameter configuration. We provide two numerical experiments---the dynamical systems result from the semi-discretization of parametrized, nonlinear, hyperbolic partial differential equations---that show, in addition to non-intrusivity, the proposed approach provides more stable and accurate approximations to each dynamical system across a large number of training and testing points than the popular empirical interpolation method.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Reference level of the vacuum energy density of the Universe and astrophysical data
Creators: name: Haridasu, Balakrishna S.
name: Cherkas, S. L.
name: Kalashnikov, V. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2
subject: 83F05

description: An extended framework of gravity, in which the first Friedmann equation is satisfied up to some constant due to violation of gauge invariance, is tested against astrophysical data: Supernovae Type-Ia, Cosmic Chronometers, and Gamma-ray bursts. A generalized expression for the Friedmann equation, including the possible vacuum contributions, is suggested, and two particular cosmological models with two independent parameters are considered within this framework and compared on the basis of the likelihood analysis. One of the models considered includes contribution of the residual vacuum fluctuations to the energy density and places the limit on the UV cutoff scale as $k_{max} = 12.43^{+0.9}_{-1.6} [M_p/\sqrt{2+N_{sc}}]$, where $N_{sc}$ is the number of minimally coupled scalar fields. Model comparison using the Akaike information criteria and Bayesian evidence shows a preference for the conventional $Λ$CDM over the extended models. A more general model with three parameters is considered within which an anti-correlated behavior between the dynamical vacuum fluctuations contribution and a negative cosmological constant was found. The result is an upper limit of $Ω_Λ \lesssim -0.14$ at $95\%$ C.L., which is only mildly disfavored ($\ln\mathcal{B} = -1.8$) with respect to $Λ$CDM.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures; text refined; comments are welcome
Supplementary material from Evolutionary drivers, morphological evolution and diversity dynamics of a surviving mammal clade: cainotherioids at the Eocene–Oligocene transition
Creators: name: Weppe, R.
name: M. J. Orliac
name: Guinot, G.
name: Condamine, F. L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Extended material and methods, scripts, supplementary tables, supplementary figures
title: Do Credit Supply Shocks Have Asymmetric Effects?
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Finck, David
name: Rudel, Paul
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: asymmetry
Economics
Wirtschaft
credit supply shocks
local projections
household debt

description: They do. Partly. We identify credit supply shocks via sign restrictions in
a Bayesian VAR and separate them into positive and negative. Using local
projections, we find that positive credit supply shocks leave notably different
prints in private debt, mortgage debt, and debt:GDP, as opposed to negative
credit supply shocks. This pattern is caused by the response of household
mortgage debt. Furthermore, we find evidence that positive credit supply
shocks are the driving force behind boom-bust cycles. Yet, developments
behind the boom-bust cycle cannot explain the strong and persistent response in debt; but house prices tend to. However, if we abstract from potential asymmetries, we get rather mild results, which underestimate the true effects of credit supply shocks.
Contested Nuclear Sharing in Belgium: Domestic Political Dynamic for the Nuclear Weapons Ban
Creators: name: Hummel, Hartwig
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The successful conclusion of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) has challenged the global nuclear order, but was dependent on bypassing the nuclear weapon states (NWS) and their allies. This has led critics to dismiss its practical value for nuclear disarmament. Proponents of the ban treaty, however, hope for a “transformative political dynamic” that delegitimizes nuclear weapons and leads to NWS and their allies joining the TPNW. This article contributes both conceptually and empirically to the discussion of this “transformative political dynamic”. It deals with the role of nuclear weapons for NATO membership and the strategies for legitimizing and delegitimizing nuclear weapons. The case study on Belgium analyzes the processes of coalition building and the discursive strategies related to Belgium’s nuclear role in NATO. The study shows that the exchange of symbolic arms control and disarmament initiatives for the approval of military budgets and the acquiescence to the claimed nuclear obligations of NATO membership stands on shaky ground.
MOESM29 of Microbiome of vineyard soils is shaped by geography and management
Creators: name: Coller, Emanuela
name: Cestaro, Alessandro
name: Zanzotti, Roberto
name: Bertoldi, Daniela
name: Pindo, Massimo
name: Larger, Simone
name: Albanese, Davide
name: Mescalchin, Enzo
name: Donati, Claudio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 29: Table S16. PERMANOVA results for the distinction between P1 and P2 (left) and P1 + P2 and V (right) for bacteria and fungi. In the P1 + P2 vs V comparison the P1 and P2 samples were considered together. Significant p-values (p
Maxwell's lesser demon: a quantum engine driven by pointer measurements
Creators: name: Seah, Stella
name: Nimmrichter, Stefan
name: Scarani, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a self-contained spin-boson model for a measurement-driven engine, in which a demon generates work from thermal excitations of a quantum spin via measurement and feedback control. Instead of granting it full direct access to the spin state and to Landauer's erasure strokes for optimal performance, we restrict this demon's action to pointer measurements, i.e. random or continuous interrogations of a damped mechanical oscillator that assumes macroscopically distinct positions depending on the spin state. The engine can reach simultaneously the power and efficiency benchmarks and operate in temperature regimes where quantum Otto engines would fail.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; accepted version
Polycyathus mayae Cairns 2000
Creators: name: Reyes, Javier
name: Santodomingo, Nadiezhda
name: Cairns, Stephen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Caryophylliidae
Polycyathus
Polycyathus mayae

description: Polycyathus mayae Cairns, 2000
Fig. 3B
 Polycyathus mayae Cairns, 2000: 86–88, figs. 4, 96–101.— Reyes et al., 2005: 324 (listed).— Santodomingo et al., 2007: 286 (listed).
 Remarks: Colombian specimens have no differences with the original description (Cairns 2000). P. mayae specimens were found settled on Anomocora fecunda skeletons and inside grooves and crevices of coral limestone, all of them collected off San Bernardo Islands.
 Distribution: Tropical western Atlantic, Antillean distribution from Bahamas to Barbados, 137–309 m depth (Cairns 2000). In Colombia, it is only known off Rosario and San Bernardo Islands, from 75 to 217 m depth. These records extend its distribution up to the northern coast of South America, and the bathymetric range up to 75 m depth. Specimens were confirmed by comparison with the holotype (1 colony), USNM 99214.
 Material: INV CNI 796, 2 corallites, E156; INV CNI 797, 8 corallites, E155; INV CNI 2412, 3 corallites, C4; INV CNI 2419, 4 corallites, C4; INV CNI 2462, 1 corallites, C3; INV CNI 2507, 4 corallites, D3; INV CNI 2522, 4 corallites, D12; INV CNI 2816, +30 corallites, D69; INV CNI 2825, 2 corallites, D74; INV CNI 2880, 12 corallites, D76; INV CNI 2888, 11 corallites, D76; INV CNI 2911, 6 corallites, C3; INV CNI 2934, 6 corallites, C2.
description: Published as part of Reyes, Javier, Santodomingo, Nadiezhda & Cairns, Stephen, 2009, Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2262 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5306371
Strong and electromagnetic decays of the radially excited $D_s$ and $B_s$ mesons in light cone QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Bilmis, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, LHCb Collaboration announced the discovery of radial excitations of $D_s$ and $B_s$ mesons. In present work, we calculate the most promising strong and electromagnetic decay widths of radially excited $D_s(2S)$ and $B_s(2S)$ mesons within the light cone QCD sum rules method.
Explicit solutions with non-trivial phase of the inhomogeneous coupled two-component NLS system
Creators: name: Belmonte-Beitia, J.
name: Güngör, F.
name: Torres, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we construct novel explicit solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger systems with spatially inhomogeneous nonlinearity by means of the Lie symmetry method. We focus the attention to solutions with non-trivial phase, which have been scarcely considered in the related literature. To get started, the theoretical method based on Lie symmetries is exposed, thus reducing the problem to the integrability of an ODE. The non-trivial phase introduces a singular term into the ODE. Then, the method is used to construct new families of analytical solutions. Some illustrative examples are provided.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, some corrections made and 5 new figures added
Double Starbursts Triggered by Mergers in Hierarchical Clustering Scenarios
Creators: name: Tissera, P. B.
name: Dominguez-Tenreiro, R.
name: Scannapieco, C.
name: Saiz, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use cosmological SPH simulations to study the effects of mergers in the star formation history of galactic objects in hierarchical clustering scenarios. We find that during some merger events, gaseous discs can experience two starbursts: the first one during the orbital decay phase, due to gas inflows driven as the satellite approaches, and the second one, when the two baryonic clumps collide. A trend for these first induced starbursts to be more efficient at transforming the gas into stars is also found. We detect that systems which do not experience early gas inflows have well-formed stellar bulges and more concentrated potential wells, which seem to be responsible for preventing further gas inward transport triggered by tidal forces. Our results constitute the first proof that bulges can form as the product of collapse, collisions and secular evolution in a cosmological framework, and they are consistent with a rejuvenation of the stellar population in bulges at intermediate z with, at least, 50% of the stars (in SCDM) being formed at high z. (Abridged)
description: 17 pages, 6 postscript figures. Accepted MNRAS
title: Who Wants to Get Involved? Determinants of Citizens’ Willingness to Participate in German Renewable Energy Cooperatives
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Fischer, Beate
name: Gutsche, Gunnar
name: Wetzel, Heike
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
Big Five personality traits
community renewable energy
economic preferences
energy transition
social norms
Citizen participation

description: This paper analyzes the potential for citizen participation in renewable energy cooperatives and in the energy transition process. We consider representative survey data for more than 4,200 financial decision-makers in German households and analyze (i) differences between members and non-members of renewable energy cooperatives, (ii) non-members’ willingness to participate in energy cooperatives, and (iii) factors determining citizen participation in terms of not only voluntary involvement, but also private investments. We find that the lack of familiarity with energy cooperatives among non-members is a limiting factor for the expansion of citizen participation, a finding that indicates the potential of information campaigns. However, we also reveal a substantial participation potential, as about 40% of the non-members who are familiar with the term “energy cooperative” express a high willingness to become involved. Our econometric analysis based on bivariate binary probit models complements the current state of research by showing the relevance of economic preferences such as time preferences, trust, and negative reciprocity. Interestingly, psychological personality traits, measured by the Big Five, are found to be of minor importance. We additionally confirm the findings of earlier work with regard to the relevance of individual environmental values, social contextual factors, and social norms.
Stable and convective boundary-layer flows in an urban array
Creators: name: Marucci, Davide
name: Carpentieri, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper non-neutral approaching flows were employed in a meteorological wind tunnel on a regular urban-like array of rectangular buildings. As far as stable stratification is concerned, results on the flow above and inside the canopy show a clear reduction of the Reynolds stresses and an increment of the Monin-Obukhov length up to 80%. The roughness length and displacement height were also affected, with a reduction up to 35% for the former and an increment up to 12% for the latter. A clear reduction of the turbulence within the canopy was observed. In the convective stratification cases, the friction velocity appears increased by both the effect of roughness and unstable stratification. The increased roughness causes a reduction in the surface stratification, reflected in an increase of the Monin-Obukhov length, which is double over the array compared to the approaching flow. The effect on the aerodynamic roughness length and displacement height are specular to the SBL case, an increase up to 50% of the former and a reduction of the same amount for the latter.
description: 11 figures; accepted version; to appear in the Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
Point-contact spectroscopy in MgB2 single crystals in magnetic field
Creators: name: Daghero, D.
name: Gonnelli, R. S.
name: Ummarino, G. A.
name: Stepanov, V. A.
name: Jun, J.
name: Kazakov, S. M.
name: Karpinski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a spectroscopic study of state-of-the-art MgB2 single crystals, carried out by using a modified point-contact technique. The use of single crystals allowed us to obtain point contacts with current injection either parallel or perpendicular to the ab planes. The effect of magnetic fields up to 9 T on the conductance spectra of these contacts is here thoroughly studied, for both B parallel and perpendicular to the ab planes. The complete thermal evolution of the upper critical field of the "pi" band is determined for the first time, and quantitative information about the upper critical field of the "sigma" band and its anisotropy is obtained. Finally, by exploiting the different effect of a magnetic field applied parallel to the ab planes on the two band systems, the partial contributions of the "sigma" and "pi" bands to the total conductance are obtained separately. Fitting each of them with the standard BTK model yields a great reduction of the uncertainty on Delta_sigma and Delta_pi, whose complete temperature dependence is obtained with the greatest accuracy.
description: 8 pages, 7 eps figures
Investigating the mechanisms of cell competition in mammals using in vitro systems
Creators: name: Goschorska, Maja
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: cell competition
cell biology
p53
cell culture
cancer research
Scribble

description: Cell competition leads to elimination of a viable cell population, by fitter cells. Despite over forty years of research, the molecular mechanisms of competition in mammals are poorly understood. During my PhD I have investigated the mechanisms of competition by exploring an established mammalian cell culture system, in which wild-type MDCK cells eliminate scribble-deficient cells, and I have also developed a novel cell culture system to model mammalian competition. My work contributed to the discovery that scribble-deficient cells are eliminated not by biochemical exchange among cells, but by mechanical compaction. We termed this phenomenon mechanical competition. I employed transcriptional profiling to determine the molecular signature of mechanical losers, and identified activation of p53 signalling as their hallmark. My colleagues and I then demonstrated that elevation of p53 is both necessary and sufficient to trigger mechanical competition. In further investigating the mechanisms of mechanical competition, I found that compaction activates ROCK in scribble-deficient cells, and that this is required for their elimination. Inhibition of Src signalling in mechanical losers also protected them form out-competition, and integrin signalling is another pathway likely involved in mechanical competition. While investigating p53 competition, we observed that p53-high and p53-low cells engage in directional migration, with p53-high cells always at the migrating front. As a side-project, I investigated the role of p53 in directional migration, by exploring an established model with a single leader cell and multiple followers. We established a method to generate multinucleated leaders on demand. By creating leaders from p53-deficient cells, I established that p53 signalling is required for some, but not all multinucleated cells to trigger collective migration, thus implicating p53 signalling in a type of migration involved in wound healing. Finally, I successfully modelled p53-driven mechanical competition in a differentiated primary tracheal epithelial cell culture, thereby establishing a novel system to study mammalian competition, and also proving that p53 competition is conserved between different mammalian epithelia. Considering the involvement of p53, mechanical competition may play a major role in cancer.
description: Fully funded by the Cambridge Cancer Centre
AdS and dS Braneworld Kaluza-Klein Reduction
Creators: name: Park, I. Y.
name: Pope, C. N.
name: Sadrzadeh, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain new results for consistent braneworld Kaluza-Klein reductions, showing how we can derive four-dimensional N=2 gauged supergravity ``localised on the AdS_4 brane'' as an exact embedding in five-dimensional N=4 gauged supergravity. Similarly, we obtain five-dimensional N=2 gauged supergravity localised on an AdS_5 brane as a consistent Kaluza-Klein reduction from six-dimensional N=4 gauged supergravity. These embeddings can be lifted to type IIB and massive type IIA supergravity respectively. The new AdS braneworld Kaluza-Klein reductions are generalisations of earlier results on braneworld reductions to ungauged supergravities. The lower-dimensional cosmological constant in our AdS braneworld reductions is an adjustable parameter, and so it can be chosen to be small enough to be phenomenologically realistic, even if the higher-dimensional one is of Planck scale. We also discuss analytic continuations to give a de Sitter gauged supergravity in four dimensions as a braneworld Kaluza-Klein reduction. We find that there are two distinct routes that lead to the same four-dimensional theory. In one, we start from a five-dimensional de Sitter supergravity, which itself arises from a Kaluza-Klein reduction of type IIB^* supergravity on the hyperbolic 5-sphere. In the other, we start from AdS gauged supergravity in five dimensions, with an analytic continuation of the two 2-form potentials, and embed the four-dimensional de Sitter supergravity in that. The five-dimensional theory itself comes from an O(4,3)/O(3,2) reduction of Hull's type IIB_{7+3} supergravity in ten dimensions.
description: Latex, 28 pages. Discussion of de Sitter braneworld embedding corrected
Military Threats, International Pressure, and Public Opinion on the Nuclear Ban Treaty in Japan
Creators: name: Kanno, Takaya
name: Miwa, Hirofumi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Cancer
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: This study examines the effect of perceived military threat on Japanese people’s opinion about Japan’s accession to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. While nuclear aversion has been historically strong and deep-rooted in Japan, we expected that people would hesitate to support the treaty when reminded of the deteriorating security environment, considering recent experimental evidence suggesting that nuclear aversion is conditional and tends to fluctuate often and that Japanese citizens tend to be apathetic towards international laws. Moreover, we examine the possibility that pressure from foreign countries and international organizations reinforces people’s support for the treaty. Our survey experiment reveals that Japanese people are less likely to support Japan’s accedence to the treaty when they are primed with security threats, although the difference is small, and that this negative effect is limited to centrist and conservative citizens. However, we find no evidence that international pressure has the power to promote people’s support for the treaty.
Mixing angles between the tetraquark states with two heavy quarks within QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Bilmis, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LHCb Collaboration has recently announced the observation of a doubly charmed tetraquark $T_{cc \bar{u} \bar{d}}^+$ state with spin parity $J^P = 1^+$. This exotic state can be explained as a molecular state with small binding energy. According to conventional quark model, both $D^+ D^{0\ast}$ and $(D^0 D^{+\ast})$ multiquark states are expected to have the same mass and flavor in the exact $SU(3)$ symmetry. However, since the quark masses are different, $SU(3) (SU(2))$ symmetry is violated, hence, the mass and flavor eigenstates do not coincide. The mass eigenstates can be represented as a linear combination of the flavor eigenstates, which is characterized by the mixing angle $θ$. In the present work, the possible mixing angles between the $T_{cc}$ states are calculated. Moreover, the analysis are extended for all the possible tetraquarks scenarios with two heavy and two light quarks within the molecular picture although those states have not been observed yet. Our prediction on mixing angle between doubly charmed tetraquark states shows that $SU(3)$ symmetry breaking is around $7\%$ maximally.
Dynamical and variational properties of the NLS-$δ'_s$ equation on the star graph
Creators: name: Goloshchapova, Nataliia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with $δ'_s$ coupling of intensity $β\in\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\}$ on the star graph $Γ$ consisting of $N$ half-lines. The nonlinearity has the form $g(u)=|u|^{p-1}u, p>1.$ In the first part of the paper, under certain restriction on $β$, we prove the existence of the ground state solution as a minimizer of the action functional $S_ω$ on the Nehari manifold. It appears that the family of critical points which contains a ground state consists of $N$ profiles (one symmetric and $N-1$ asymmetric). In particular, for the attractive $δ'_s$ coupling ($β<0$) and the frequency $ω$ above a certain threshold, we managed to specify the ground state. The second part is devoted to the study of orbital instability of the critical points. We prove spectral instability of the critical points using Grillakis/Jones Instability Theorem. Then orbital instability for $p>2$ follows from the fact that data-solution mapping associated with the equation is of class $C^2$ in $H^1(Γ)$. Moreover, for $p>5$ we complete and concertize instability results showing strong instability (by blow up in finite time) for the particular critical points.
description: 38 pages
MOESM27 of Microbiome of vineyard soils is shaped by geography and management
Creators: name: Coller, Emanuela
name: Cestaro, Alessandro
name: Zanzotti, Roberto
name: Bertoldi, Daniela
name: Pindo, Massimo
name: Larger, Simone
name: Albanese, Davide
name: Mescalchin, Enzo
name: Donati, Claudio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 27: Table S14. Parameters of the linear models in Additional file 7: Figure S7 modeling the richness of fungal microbiota (Shannon entropy) against the chemical characteristics of the soil. (DOCX 14 kb)
The Introduction of EU Rural Development Policy in Central and Eastern Europe
Creators: name: Hubbard, Carmen
name: Gorton, Matthew
name: Hubbard, Lionel
name: Hubbard, Carmen
name: Gorton, Matthew
name: Hubbard, Lionel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The accession of ten countries from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has dramatically increased the rural population and territory of the European Union (EU). The success of EU enlargement will thus depend to a significant extent on the resources of rural areas in the NMS and the ability of rural policy (EU and national level) to ameliorate the socio-economic problems that are acute in many of these countries. This paper evaluates the introduction of EU Rural Development Policy in the NMS and is organised as follows. Section 2 presents a brief overview of the evolution of the Second Pillar of the CAP and its transfer to the NMS. Section 3 outlines the emerging agendas and choices made regarding rural policy in the NMS, highlighting similarities and differences with the EU15. Concluding remarks concerning the appropriateness of EU rural development policy are drawn in Section 4.
NGC 3628: Ejection Activity Associated with Quasars
Creators: name: Arp, H.
name: Burbidge, E. M.
name: Chu, Y.
name: Flesch, E.
name: Patat, F.
name: Rupprecht, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC3628 is a well-studied starburst/low level AGN galaxy in the Leo Triplet noted for its extensive outgassed plumes of neutral hydrogen. QSOs are shown to be concentrated around NGC3628 and aligned with the HI plumes. The closest high redshift quasar has z=2.15 and is at the tip of an X-ray filament emerging along the minor axis HI plume. Location at this point has an accidental probability of ~2x10^-4. In addition a coincident chain of optical objects coming out along the minor axis ends on this quasar. More recent measures on a pair of strong X-ray sources situated at 3.2 and 5.4 arcmin on either side of NGC3628 along its minor axis, reveal that they have nearly identical redshifts of z=0.995 and 0.981. The closer quasar lies directly in the same X-ray filament which extends from the nucleus out 4.1 arcmin to end on the quasar of z=2.15. The chain of objects SW along the minor axis of NGC3628 has been imaged in four colors with the VLT. Images and spectra of individual objects within the filament are reported. It is suggested that material in various physical states and differing intrinsic redshifts is ejected out along the minor axis of this active, disturbed galaxy.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Postscript file including full resolution figures at http://www.eso.org/~fpatat/ngc3628/paper_ngc3628.ps.gz
Experimental conditions for observation of electron-hole superfluidity in GaAs heterostructures
Creators: name: Saberi-Pouya, Samira
name: Conti, Sara
name: Perali, Andrea
name: Croxall, Andrew F.
name: Hamilton, Alexander R.
name: Peeters, Francois M.
name: Neilson, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental parameter ranges needed to generate superfluidity in optical and drag experiments in GaAs double quantum wells are determined, using a formalism that includes self-consistent screening of the Coulomb pairing interaction in the presence of the superfluid. The very different electron and hole masses in GaAs make this a particularly interesting system for superfluidity, with exotic superfluid phases predicted in the BCS-BEC crossover regime. We find that the density and temperature ranges for superfluidity cover the range for which optical experiments have observed indications of superfluidity, but that existing drag experiments lie outside the superfluid range. However we also show that for samples with low mobility with no macroscopically connected superfluidity, if the superfluidity survived in randomly distributed localized pockets, standard quantum capacitance measurements could detect these pockets.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Fast Pixelated Detectors in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. Part I: Data Acquisition, Live Processing and Storage
Creators: name: Nord, Magnus
name: Webster, Robert W. H.
name: Paton, Kirsty A.
name: McVitie, Stephen
name: McGrouther, Damien
name: MacLaren, Ian
name: Paterson, Gary W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of fast pixelated detectors and direct electron detection technology is revolutionising many aspects of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The widespread adoption of these new technologies is impeded by the technical challenges associated with them. These include issues related to hardware control, and the acquisition, real-time processing and visualisation, and storage of data from such detectors. We discuss these problems and present software solutions for them, with a view to making the benefits of new detectors in the context of STEM more accessible. Throughout, we provide examples of the application of the technologies presented, using data from a Medipix3 direct electron detector. Most of our software is available under an open source licence, permitting transparency of the implemented algorithms, and allowing the community to freely use and further improve upon them.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, post revision
Modification of the laws of gravity in the DGP model by the presence of a second DGP brane
Creators: name: Warkentin, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how the laws of gravity change in the DGP model, if we add a second, parallel 3-brane, endowed with a localized gravitational curvature term. We calculate the gravitational potential energy between two static point sources localized on different branes. We discover a new length scale, which is equal to the geometric mean of the DGP cross-over scale and the separation of the two branes in the extra dimension. For distances, which are larger than this new length scale, we recover the original DGP result, but for smaller distances the gravitational potential is weaker. Furthermore, a region emerges, where a 4-dimensional observer measures a distance independent force. We discuss a possible application of the present scenario for deriving rotation curves of low surface brightness galaxies. Using the Kaluza-Klein description, we observe a curious pattern, in which even and odd KK-modes contribute to the attractive and repulsive parts of the gravitational potential, respectively. Finally, since this setup allows for the existence of a sector of particle species that are interacting arbitrarily weakly with "our" sector, we discuss the implications of this phenomenon for black holes and the bound on the number of species. We find that the behavior is qualitatively different from theories with a normalizable zero-mode graviton.
description: 26 pages, 1 appendix, 9 figures, revised version accepted by JHEP
Two Subclasses of Proto-Planetary Nebulae: Model Calculations
Creators: name: Meixner, M.
name: Ueta, T.
name: Bobrowsky, M.
name: Speck, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use detailed radiative transfer models to investigate the differences between the Star-Obvious Low-level-Elongated proto-planetary nebulae (SOLE PPNs) and DUst-Prominent Longitudinally-EXtended proto-planetary nebulae (DUPLEX PPNs) which are two subclasses of PPNs suggested by Ueta, Meixner, & Bobrowsky (2000). We select one SOLE PPN, HD 161796, and one DUPLEX PPN, IRAS 17150$-$3224, both of which are well studied and representative of their PPN classes. Using an axisymmetric dust shell radiative transfer code, we model these two sources in detail and constrain their mass-loss histories, inclination angles and dust composition. The physical parameters derived for HD 161796 and IRAS 17150$-$3224 demonstrate that they are physically quite different and that their observed differences cannot be attributed to inclination angle effects. If these calculations reflect a more general truth about SOLE vs. DUPLEX PPNs, then these two subclasses of PPNs are physically distinct with the SOLE PPNs derived from low mass progenitors and DUPLEX PPNs derived from high mass progenitors.
description: Accepted by ApJ. 8 figs
The Life of the Mind: An Intellectual Biography of Richard Hofstadter
Creators: name: Snodgrass, Andrew Ronald
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Historiography
Consensus
Liberalism
United States
Marxism
Intellectual
Biography

description: Despite his death in 1970, Richard Hofstadter’s work continues to have an enduring influence in American political culture. Yet despite the continued and frequent use of his interpretations in public discourse, his reputation within historical scholarship remains, to a large degree, shaped by perceptions that were formed towards the end of his career. The narrative pervades of Hofstadter as the archetypal New York intellectual who rejected his youthful radicalism for political conservatism which, in turn, shaped his consensus vision of the past. These assessments reflect the biographical tendency to read a life and career backwards. From such a vantage point, Hofstadter’s work is viewed through the prism of his perceived final position. My dissertation challenges the accepted narrative by considering his writing in the context of the period of time in which it was written. In doing so, it is evident that his work belies attempts to reduce his scholarship to reflections of a shifting political standpoint. Whilst it is undoubted that Hofstadter’s historical and political view changed through time, there was a remarkable consistency to his thought. Throughout his career, his writing and lectures were suffused with a sense of the contingency of truth. It was the search for new uncertainties rather than the capture of truth which was central to his work. It was also fundamental to his politics. The sense of ambiguity and complexity that pervaded Hofstadter’s writing and informed his political viewpoints was, I argue, a reflection of personal temperament. Naturally shy, his early correspondence shows a marked diffidence and ambivalence in the face of personal and political choice. The writing of history not only reflected this ambivalence but provided a means of working though it and of determining his own intellectual and political position. In this respect, Hofstadter provides his own self-narrative within his work. It is Hofstadter’s own voice that provides the direction for my study. Perhaps more importantly, it is a voice that continues to provide instruction for those who would seek a role for the historian at the centre of the intellectual and political life of the nation.
MOESM26 of Microbiome of vineyard soils is shaped by geography and management
Creators: name: Coller, Emanuela
name: Cestaro, Alessandro
name: Zanzotti, Roberto
name: Bertoldi, Daniela
name: Pindo, Massimo
name: Larger, Simone
name: Albanese, Davide
name: Mescalchin, Enzo
name: Donati, Claudio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 26: Table S13. Parameters of the linear models in Additional file 6: Figure S6 modeling the richness of bacterial microbiota (Shannon entropy) against the chemical characteristics of the soil. (DOCX 14 kb)