Carinina ochracea Sundberg & Chernyshev & Kajihara & Kånneby & Strand 2009, SP. NOV.
Creators: name: Sundberg, Per
name: Chernyshev, Alexey. V.
name: Kajihara, Hiroshi
name: Kånneby, Tobias
name: Strand, Malin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Foraminifera
Globothalamea
Rotaliida
Discorbinellidae
Carinina
Carinina ochracea

description: CARININA OCHRACEA SP. NOV. (FIGS 5, 6; TABLE 4)    Holotype: Sexually immature, series of transverse sections GNHM Nemertini 83. Type locality 58°53′124″N, 11°07′275″ E. The 18S rDNA sequence of the species has been deposited with GenBank (accession number EU495306) together with sequences of the mtDNA COI gene (accession number EU489492).   
 Further material: Mud and soft bottom, depth from 5 m and down to 40 m. All in the Koster area.   
 External characters (Fig. 5): The specimen was 13–15 mm long and about 1 mm wide. The body is of more or less uniform width slightly narrowing towards the bluntly rounded posterior tip. The head, which is bluntly rounded, is not wider than the rest of body but sometimes demarcated by a small neck. Posterior half of body yellowish orange with a pronounced transition to orange of anterior half. Lateral margins thin and with same colour as body. Head orange as the anterior part but with reddish touch on margins. Dorsally, the head possesses shallow longitudinal furrows that might be broken, eyes are absent. Proboscis pore subterminal and lies in a small triangular pit on the foremost ventral tip of the head. The mouth, situated further back, is surrounded by wrinkled lips. Individual specimens are slow moving and when mechanically disturbed they first back up and when touched several times they coil in a spiral moving head back and forth. When specimens were fixed they contracted strongly.   
 Internal characters: Figure 6, Table 4, and Appendix.   
 Systematic discussion: We have chosen to place this new species in the genus Carinina based on the two synapomorphies: (1) brain and lateral nerve cords situated in epidermis; (2) longitudinal muscle plate   
 Carinina Raygibsonia   
 Character ochracea bergi Figure   
1 0 0  
2 0 0  
3 2 2  
4 N/A N/A  
5 0 0 & 2  
6 2 Not observed  
 7 01 2   
8 N/A 0  
9 N/A 0  
10 N/A 0 3  
11 0 1 3  
12 N/A 2 3  
13 1 0 3  
14 2 1 3  
15 2 1 3  
16 0 9 3, 5  
17 N/A 0 3  
18 N/A 1 3  
19 N/A 1  
20 N/A 0 3  
21 N/A 3 3  
22 6 5 3, 5  
23 0 2  
24 1 1  
25 0 0 3  
26 0 2  
27 2 Not seen  
28 1 N /A 6A  
29 1 N /A  
30 0 0 4, 5  
31 0 3 4, 5  
32 0 N /A  
33 2 0 4, 5  
34 1 N /A  
35 N/A 0  
36 N/A 3 4A  
37 2 N /A  
38 0 0 4, 6  
39 1 N /A 6A  
40 1 0 8  
41 0 1 8, 4A 42 1 1  
43 1 2 6B, 4C 44 0 N /A  
45 1 2  
46 1 0 6C  
47 0 1 4D  
48 0 0  
49 2 2  
50 Not seen 1 4C, D 51 1 3  
52 0 1 4D  
53 N/A 0  
54 0 2 4D  
55 N/A 0  
56 N/A 1  
57 N/A 0 8  
58 N/A 0 8  
59 N/A 1 8  
60 N/A 1 8  
61 0 0  
62 2 0  
63 0 1 4A  
64 N/A 2 4A  
65 1? 0  
66 N/A 1 4C  
67 N/A 2  
68 0 1  
 present between rhynchocoel and alimentary canal. The phylogenetic analyses in Figures 1 and 7 do not contradict this conclusion. The genus Carinina is currently placed in the taxon Palaeonemertea, but as mentioned above the monophyletic status of the name is unsettled.   
 The organization of the blood system in this new species is unusual because of the presence of a precerebral unpaired cephalic blood lacuna situated dorsal and lateral to rhynchodaeum; it is randomly pierced by dorsoventral muscle bundles. Just in front of the brain the cephalic lacuna is divided into a pair of lateral cephalic lacunae, and two to three anastomosed ventral lacunae. In the mouth region two ventral lacunae form the vascular plexus, which surrounds foregut and anastomoses with two lateral vessels (lacunae). In the posterior part of the foregut region the vascular plexus disappears. In the foregut region the lateral vessels repeatedly send out branches that penetrate the rhynchocoel wall to form vascular plugs (about ten plugs on left side and about 12 plugs on right side). The only other Carinina species with numerous vascular plugs is Carinina plecta Kajihara (2006).
description: Published as part of Sundberg, Per, Chernyshev, Alexey. V., Kajihara, Hiroshi, Kånneby, Tobias & Strand, Malin, 2009, Character-matrix based descriptions of two new nemertean (Nemertea) species, pp. 264-294 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (2) on pages 271-273, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00514.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5443728