cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the asymptotic behavior of Jacobi polynomials with first varying parameter
Creators: name: Szehr, Oleg
name: Zarouf, Rachid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the large $n$ behavior of Jacobi polynomials with varying parameters $P_{n}^{(an+α,\,bn+β)}(1-2λ^{2})$ for $a,b >-1$ and $λ\in(0,\,1)$. This is a well-studied topic in the literature but some of the published results appear to be discordant. To address this issue we provide an in-depth investigation of the case $b = 0$, which is most relevant for our applications. Our approach is based on a new and surprisingly simple representation of $P_{n}^{(an+α,\,β)}(1-2λ^{2}),\:a>-1$ in terms of two integrals. The integrals' asymptotic behavior is studied using standard tools of asymptotic analysis: one is a Laplace integral and the other is treated via the method of stationary phase. As a consequence we prove that if $a\in(\frac{2λ}{1-λ},\infty)$ then $λ^{an}P_{n}^{(an+α,β)}(1-2λ^{2})$ shows exponential decay and we derive simple exponential upper bounds in this region. If $a\in(\frac{-2λ}{1+λ},\,\frac{2λ}{1-λ})$ then the decay of $λ^{an}P_{n}^{(an+α,β)}(1-2λ^{2})$ is $\mathcal{O}(n^{-1/2})$ and if $a\in\{\frac{-2λ}{1+λ},\,\frac{2λ}{1-λ}\}$ then $λ^{an}P_{n}^{(an+α,β)}(1-2λ^{2})$ decays as $\mathcal{O}(n^{-1/3})$. A new phenomenon occurs in the parameter range $a\in(-1,\frac{-2λ}{1+λ})$, where we find that the behavior depends on whether or not $an+α$ is an integer: If $a\in(-1,\frac{-2λ}{1+λ})$ and $an+α$ is an integer then $λ^{an}P_{n}^{(an+α,β)}(1-2λ^{2})$ decays exponentially. If $a\in(-1,\frac{-2λ}{1+λ})$ and $an+α$ is not an integer then $λ^{an}P_{n}^{(an+α,β)}(1-2λ^{2})$ may increase exponentially depending on the proximity of the sequence $(an + α)_n$ to integers.
description: Revision of 2016 preprint with more technical details and numerical experiments
Global solvability in a two-species chemotaxis system with signal production
Creators: name: Ren, Guoqiang
name: Xiang, Tian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35A01, 35K57, 35Q92, 92C17

description: In this work, we study the Neumann initial-boundary value problem for a two-species chemotaxis system with Lotka-Volterra competition and signal production. Under a rather weak and clean condition of sub-quadratic type damping and merely integrable initial data, we establish the global existence of generalized solutions in an N dimensional bounded and smooth domain.
description: Acta Appl. Math. 178 (2022), Paper No. 12, 26 pp
Can Social Media be a Place for Feminism?: Effects of Aggressive Comments on User Engagement in Collective Action for Gender Equality in China
Creators: name: Li, Huanlin
name: Xie, Ziyang
name: Kim, Jisu
Publisher: name: Singapore Institute of Technology
Year: 2023
Subjects: Communication technology and digital media studies

description: By conducting an online experiment with female online users in China, this study examines how being exposed to aggressive comments against a specific gender group affects female users’ gender identity, emotional reactions, and willingness to engage in corrective actions. Although our analysis did not show the expected pattern that exposure to incivility against female online users’ gender group in online comments would make their gender identity salient, female online users still experienced negative emotions. Our study also revealed that female online users support corrective actions via social media page moderators and the government after being exposed to aggressive comments against their gender group.
The Twin-in-the-Loop approach for vehicle dynamics control
Creators: name: Dettù, Federico
name: Formentin, Simone
name: Savaresi, Sergio Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In vehicle dynamics control, engineering a suitable regulator is a long and costly process. The starting point is usually the design of a nominal controller based on a simple control-oriented model and its testing on a full-fledged simulator. Then, many driving hours are required during the End-of-Line (EoL) tuning phase to calibrate the controller for the physical vehicle. Given the recent technological advances, in this paper we consider the pioneering perspective where the simulator can be run on-board in the electronic control unit, so as to calculate the nominal control action in real-time. In this way, it can be shown that, in the EoL phase, we only need to tune a simple compensator of the mismatch between the expected and the measured outputs. The resulting approach not only exploits the already available simulator and nominal controller and significantly simplifies the design process, but also outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of tracking accuracy and robustness within a challenging active braking control case study.
Review of Kernel Learning for Intra-Hour Solar Forecasting with Infrared Sky Images and Cloud Dynamic Feature Extraction
Creators: name: Terrén-Serrano, Guillermo
name: Martínez-Ramón, Manel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The uncertainty of the energy generated by photovoltaic systems incurs an additional cost for a guaranteed, reliable supply of energy (i.e., energy storage). This investigation aims to decrease the additional cost by introducing probabilistic multi-task intra-hour solar forecasting (feasible in real time applications) to increase the penetration of photovoltaic systems in power grids. The direction of moving clouds is estimated in consecutive sequences of sky images by extracting features of cloud dynamics with the objective of forecasting the global solar irradiance that reaches photovoltaic systems. The sky images are acquired using a low-cost infrared sky imager mounted on a solar tracker. The solar forecasting algorithm is based on kernel learning methods, and uses the clear sky index as predictor and features extracted from clouds as feature vectors. The proposed solar forecasting algorithm achieved 16.45\% forecasting skill 8 minutes ahead with a resolution of 15 seconds. In contrast, previous work reached 15.4\% forecasting skill with the resolution of 1 minute. Therefore, this solar forecasting algorithm increases the performances with respect to the state-of-the-art, providing grid operators with the capability of managing the inherent uncertainties of power grids with a high penetration of photovoltaic systems.
Deep Fusion Prior for Plenoptic Super-Resolution All-in-Focus Imaging
Creators: name: Gu, Yuanjie
name: Guan, Yinghan
name: Xiao, Zhibo
name: Dai, Haoran
name: Liu, Cheng
name: Wang, Shouyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Multi-focus image fusion (MFIF) and super-resolution (SR) are the inverse problem of imaging model, purposes of MFIF and SR are obtaining all-in-focus and high-resolution 2D mapping of targets. Though various MFIF and SR methods have been designed; almost all the them deal with MFIF and SR separately. This paper unifies MFIF and SR problems in the physical perspective as the multi-focus image super resolution fusion (MFISRF), and we propose a novel unified dataset-free unsupervised framework named deep fusion prior (DFP) based-on deep image prior (DIP) to address such MFISRF with single model. Experiments have proved that our proposed DFP approaches or even outperforms those state-of-art MFIF and SR method combinations. To our best knowledge, our proposed work is a dataset-free unsupervised method to simultaneously implement the multi-focus fusion and super-resolution task for the first time. Additionally, DFP is a general framework, thus its networks and focus measurement tactics can be continuously updated to further improve the MFISRF performance. DFP codes are open source available at http://github.com/GuYuanjie/DeepFusionPrior.
description: 24 pages
Japanese Students’ Studies at the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris in the 1870s and its Impact on Urban Planning
Creators: name: Kikata, Junne
name: Nakae, Ken
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2019

description: Between 1876 and 1879, young Japanese elites in the field of construction were selected by the government and sent to France to study at the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris (hereafter ÉCAM). This study discusses the features of technical education at ÉCAM during that period and reconsiders its impact on the planning history of Japan through the practices of its students after their return. It focuses on the activities of Hanroku Yamaguchi (1858-1900) who finally drafted the Plan for Ōsaka in 1899, unrealized but one of the pioneering Japanese city plans. The Plan was strongly associated with public works which was to be supervised by his Paris colleagues—Kōi Furuichi and Tadao Okino—and with his practice on industrial buildings in Ōsaka. Its distinguished feature was industry-oriented design associated with his learning in France. Moreover, this paper discusses the limitations and scope of the transmission and localization of planning ideas.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Search for resonant and non-resonant Higgs boson pair production in the $b\bar bτ^+τ^-$ decay channel using 13 TeV $pp$ collision data from the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for Higgs boson pair production in events with two $b$-jets and two $τ$-leptons is presented, using a proton-proton collision dataset with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$ collected at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Higgs boson pairs produced non-resonantly or in the decay of a narrow scalar resonance in the mass range from 251 to 1600 GeV are targeted. Events in which at least one $τ$-lepton decays hadronically are considered, and multivariate discriminants are used to reject the backgrounds. No significant excess of events above the expected background is observed in the non-resonant search. The largest excess in the resonant search is observed at a resonance mass of 1 TeV, with a local (global) significance of $3.1σ$ ($2.0σ$). Observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limits are set on the non-resonant Higgs boson pair-production cross-section at 4.7 (3.9) times the Standard Model prediction, assuming Standard Model kinematics, and on the resonant Higgs boson pair-production cross-section at between 21 and 900 fb (12 and 840 fb), depending on the mass of the narrow scalar resonance.
description: 59 pages in total, author list starting page 42, 10 figures, 6 tables, published in JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HDBS-2018-40
materials to Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition: Corn fermented protein, an alternative protein to soybean meal to support growth in young turkey poults
Creators: name: Scholey, D.
name: Alkhtib, A.
name: Williams, P
name: Burton, E
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300303
subject: Animal nutrition

description: A new distiller’s high protein product (corn fermented protein – CFP) from the dry grind bioethanol process was evaluated as an alternative to soybean meal (SBM) protein in starter and grower diets for turkey poults. One-day-old male BUT6 poults (250) were distributed randomly into 50 pens. Each pen was allocated to one of the following treatments (10 pens each), control (high protein with soybean meal as primary protein source), CFP4% (4% CFP in replacement of SBM); CFP8% (8% CFP in replacement of SBM); HF-CFP4% (4% CFP with lower protein, higher fibre SBM, as primary protein source) and Premium (5% soy protein isolate (SPI) in place of high protein SBM). All diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Growth performance was measured weekly. At day 42, three poults per pen were sampled to obtain the ileal digesta. Apparent amino acid digestibility (AAAD), nitrogen retention (ANR) and apparent metabolisable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) were measured. At day 42 poult weight and day 0-d42 weight gain for birds fed CFP8% were significantly better than the control. From day 0-42 feed intake nor feed conversion ratio were affected by dietary treatment (P>0.05). Poults receiving CFP 8% had higher AMEn and ANR compared to the control (P<0.05). The CFP8%-fed poults had significantly higher valine, isoleucine and proline digestibility compared to the control. Feeding the CFP8% diet significantly lowered growth carbon footprint (P<0.05). In conclusion, CFP8% can increase ANR and growth performance of turkeys. This would decrease the dependency on SBM, reducing both economic and the environmental cost of turkey production.
Truly chiral phonons in α-HgS
Creators: name: Ishito, Kyosuke
name: Mao, Huiling
name: Kousaka, Yusuke
name: Togawa, Yoshihiko
name: Iwasaki, Satoshi
name: Zhang, Tiantian
name: Murakami, Shuichi
name: Kishine, Jun-ichiro
name: Satoh, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chirality is a manifestation of the asymmetry inherent in nature. It has been defined as the symmetry breaking of the parity of static objects, and the definition was extended to dynamic motion such that true and false chiralities were distinguished. Recently, rotating, yet not propagating, atomic motions were predicted and observed in two-dimensional materials, and they were referred to as "chiral phonons" . A natural development would be the discovery of truly chiral phonons that propagate while rotating in three-dimensional materials. Here, we used circularly polarised Raman scattering and first-principles calculations to identify truly chiral phonons in chiral bulk crystals. This approach enabled us to determine the chirality of a crystal in a non-contact and non-destructive manner. In addition, we demonstrated that the law of the conservation of pseudo-angular momentum holds between circularly polarised photons and chiral phonons. These findings are expected to help develop ways for transferring the pseudo-angular momentum from photons to electron spins via the propagating chiral phonons in opto-phononic-spintronic devices.
Is everything quantum spooky and weird? An exploration of popular communication about quantum science and technology in TEDx talks
Creators: name: Meinsma, Aletta Lucia
name: Kristensen, Sanne Willemijn
name: Reijnierse, W. Gudrun
name: Smeets, Ionica
name: Cramer, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Researchers point to four potential issues related to the popularisation of quantum science and technology. These include a lack of explaining underlying quantum concepts of quantum 2.0 technology, framing quantum science and technology as spooky and enigmatic, framing quantum technology narrowly in terms of public good and having a strong focus on quantum computing. To date, no research has yet assessed whether these potential issues are actually present in popular communication about quantum science. In this content analysis, we have examined the presence of these potential issues in 501 TEDx talks with quantum science and technology content. Results show that while most experts (70%) explained at least one underlying quantum concept (superposition, entanglement or contextuality) of quantum 2.0 technology, only 28% of the non-experts did so. Secondly, the spooky/enigmatic frame was present in about a quarter of the talks. Thirdly, a narrow public good frame was found, predominantly by highlighting the benefits of quantum science and technology (found in over 6 times more talks than risks). Finally, the main focus was on quantum computing at the expense of other quantum technologies. In conclusion, the proposed frames are indeed found in TEDx talks, there is indeed a focus on quantum computing, but at least experts explain underlying quantum concepts often.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures
T-duality Constraints on Higher Derivatives Revisited
Creators: name: Hohm, Olaf
name: Zwiebach, Barton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We ask to what extent are the higher-derivative corrections of string theory constrained by T-duality. The seminal early work by Meissner tests T-duality by reduction to one dimension using a distinguished choice of field variables in which the bosonic string action takes a Gauss-Bonnet-type form. By analyzing all field redefinitions that may or may not be duality covariant and may or may not be gauge covariant we extend the procedure to test T-duality starting from an action expressed in arbitrary field variables. We illustrate the method by showing that it determines uniquely the first-order $α'$ corrections of the bosonic string, up to terms that vanish in one dimension. We also use the method to glean information about the ${\cal O}(α'^2)$ corrections in the double field theory with Green-Schwarz deformation.
description: 24 pages
Structural conditions for saddle-node bifurcations in chemical reaction networks
Creators: name: Vassena, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 92C42, 34C23, 37N25, 37G10

description: Motivated by investigating multistationarity in biochemical systems, we address saddle-node bifurcations for chemical reaction networks endowed with general kinetics. At positive equilibria, we identify structural network conditions that guarantee the bifurcation behavior, and we develop a method to identify the proper bifurcation parameters. As a relevant example, we explicitly provide such bifurcation parameters for Michaelis-Menten and Hill kinetics. Examples of applications include reversible feedback cycles, the central carbon metabolism of Escherichia coli, and autocatalytic networks.
description: 32 pages
Counting Baxter Matrices
Creators: name: Spahn, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Donald Knuth recently introduced the notion of a Baxter matrix, generalizing Baxter permutations. We show that for fixed number of rows, $r$, the number of Baxter matrices with $r$ rows and $k$ columns eventually satisfies a polynomial in $k$ of degree $2r-2$. We also give a proof of Knuth's conjecture that the number of 1's in a $r \times k$ Baxter matrix is less than $r+k$.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
The application of city planning theory to industrial development in Japan
Creators: name: Nakano, Shigeo
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2019

description: The purpose of this paper is clearfy the roots of garden city theory and ueighborhood theory in Japanese company town, case study on Kurabo and Hitachi company housing plan. This paper is analyzing how housing measures devised by companies through the application of advanced city development theory should be positioned. In conclusion, the historical positions of the two cases discussed in this paper in the overview of city planning history have been charted in this paper. The Kurashiki case indicates that Magosaburo Ohara developed a garden city theory from the concept of a company town like a workers’ village expanded to a city as a whole. On the other hand, Yoshikazu Uchida, who introduced neighborhood theory to Katsuta. Although the two cases discussed in the paper were not authorized as official city plans, they are well established in the Japanese history of city planning as examples that involve garden city theory and neighborhood theory.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
The Origin of High Energy Emission in the Young Radio Source PKS 1718-649
Creators: name: Sobolewska, Małgosia
name: Migliori, Giulia
name: Ostorero, Luisa
name: Siemiginowska, Aneta
name: Stawarz, Łukasz
name: Guainazzi, Matteo
name: Hardcastle, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for the broadband radio-to-$γ$-ray spectral energy distribution of the compact radio source, PKS 1718-649. Because of its young age (100 years) and proximity ($z=0.014$), PKS 1718-649 offers a unique opportunity to study nuclear conditions and the jet/host galaxy feedback process at the time of an initial radio jet expansion. PKS 1718-649 is one of a handful of young radio jets with $γ$-ray emission confirmed with the Fermi/LAT detector. We show that this $γ$-ray emission can be successfully explained by Inverse Compton scattering of the ultraviolet photons, presumably from an accretion flow, off non-thermal electrons in the expanding radio lobes. The origin of the X-ray emission in PKS 1718-649 is more elusive. While Inverse Compton scattering of the infrared photons emitted by a cold gas in the vicinity of the expanding radio lobes contributes significantly to the X-ray band, the data require that an additional X-ray emission mechanism is at work, e.g. a weak X-ray corona or a radiatively inefficient accretion flow, expected from a LINER type nucleus such as that of PKS 1718-649. We find that the jet in PKS 1718-649 has low power, $L_j \simeq 2.2 \times 10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$, and expands in an environment with density $n_0 \simeq 20$ cm$^{-3}$. The inferred mass accretion rate and gas mass reservoir within 50-100 pc are consistent with estimates from the literature obtained by tracing molecular gas in the innermost region of the host galaxy with SINFONI and ALMA.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, published in ApJ
The Isotropy Group for the Topos of Continuous G-Sets
Creators: name: Chambers, Kristopher
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Topos
Grothendieck
Schanuel
Topological Group
Isotropy

description: The objective of this thesis is to provide a detailed analysis of a new invariant for Grothendieck topoi in the special case of the topos of continuous G-sets and continuous G-equivariant maps. We use a well-known site to present the isotropy group in elementary terms, as systems of right cosets of open subgroups of G. We establish properties of the the isotropy group for an arbitrary topological group and use the developed theory to compute the isotropy group for the Schanuel topos.
Annihilating Entanglement Between Cones
Creators: name: Aubrun, Guillaume
name: Müller-Hermes, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Every multipartite entangled quantum state becomes fully separable after an entanglement breaking quantum channel acted locally on each of its subsystems. Whether there are other quantum channels with this property has been an open problem with important implications for entanglement theory (e.g., for the distillation problem and the PPT squared conjecture). We cast this problem in the general setting of proper convex cones in finite-dimensional vector spaces. The entanglement annihilating maps transform the $k$-fold maximal tensor product of a cone $C_1$ into the $k$-fold minimal tensor product of a cone $C_2$, and the pair $(C_1,C_2)$ is called resilient if all entanglement annihilating maps are entanglement breaking. Our main result is that $(C_1,C_2)$ is resilient if either $C_1$ or $C_2$ is a Lorentz cone. Our proof exploits the symmetries of the Lorentz cones and applies two constructions resembling protocols for entanglement distillation: As a warm-up, we use the multiplication tensors of real composition algebras to construct a finite family of generalized distillation protocols for Lorentz cones, containing the distillation protocol for entangled qubit states by Bennett et al. as a special case. Then, we construct an infinite family of protocols using solutions to the Hurwitz matrix equations. After proving these results, we focus on maps between cones of positive semidefinite matrices, where we derive necessary conditions for entanglement annihilation similar to the reduction criterion in entanglement distillation. Finally, we apply results from the theory of Banach space tensor norms to show that the Lorentz cones are the only cones with a symmetric base for which a certain stronger version of the resilience property is satisfied.
description: 39 pages, no figures, extended results in appendix
The evolution of HCO$^{+}$ in molecular clouds using a novel chemical post-processing algorithm
Creators: name: Panessa, M.
name: Seifried, D.
name: Walch, S.
name: Gaches, B.
name: Barnes, A. T.
name: Bigiel, F.
name: Neumann, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling the chemistry of molecular clouds is critical to accurately simulating their evolution. To reduce computational cost, 3D simulations generally restrict their chemistry to species with strong heating and cooling effects. Time-dependent information about the evolution of other species is therefore often neglected. We address this gap by post-processing tracer particles in the SILCC-Zoom molecular cloud simulations. Using a chemical network of 39 species and 301 reactions (including freeze-out of CO and H$_{2}$O), and a novel algorithm to reconstruct a density grid from sparse tracer particle data, we produce time-dependent density distributions for various species. We focus upon the evolution of HCO$^{+}$, which is a critical formation reactant of CO but is not typically modeled on-the-fly. We find that $\sim90$% of the HCO$^{+}$ content of the cold molecular gas forms in situ around $n_\textrm{HCO$^+$}\simeq10^3$-$10^4$ cm$^{-3}$, over a time-scale of approximately 1 Myr. The remaining $\sim10$% forms at high extinction sites, with minimal turbulent mixing out into the less dense gas. We further show that the dominant HCO$^{+}$ formation pathway is dependent on the visual extinction, with the reaction H$_{3}^{+}$ + CO contributing 90% of the total HCO$^{+}$ production above $A_\textrm{V,3D}=3$. We produce the very first maps of the HCO$^{+}$ column density, $N$(HCO$^{+}$), and show that it reaches values as high as $10^{15}$ cm$^{-2}$. We find that 50% of the HCO$^+$ mass is located within $A_\textrm{V}\sim10$-30, in a density range of $10^{3.5}$-$10^{4.5}$ cm$^{-3}$. Our maps of $N$(HCO$^{+}$) are shown to be in good agreement with recent observations of the W49A star-forming region.
description: 25 pages including appendix, 22 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Migrants as 'vulnerable groups' in the COVID-19 pandemic: A critical discourse analysis of a taken-for-granted label in academic literature
Creators: name: Molenaar, Jil
name: Van Praag, Lore
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: COVID-19, Vulnerability, Migrants, Critical discourse analysis, Power

description: The COVID-19 pandemic affects different people unequally, and migrants are frequently among the groups considered particularly vulnerable. However, conceptualizations of ‘vulnerability’ are often ambiguous and poorly defined. Using critical discourse analysis methods, this article analyses the academic use of the term ‘vulnerable’ applied to migrants in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic across public health and social science disciplines. Our findings indicate that the concept of vulnerability is frequently applied to migrants in the COVID-19 context as a descriptor with seemingly taken-for-granted applicability. Migrants are considered vulnerable for a wide variety of reasons, most commonly relating to exposure to and risk of contracting COVID-19; poverty or low socio-economic status; precarity; access to healthcare; discrimination; and language barriers. Drivers of migrants' vulnerability were frequently construed as immutable societal characteristics. Additionally, our analysis revealed widespread generalization in the use of the notion of vulnerability, with limited consideration of the heteroge- neity among and between diverse groups of migrants. Conceptualizations of migrants' vulnerability in the COVID- 19 pandemic were sometimes used to advance seemingly contradictory policy implications or conclusions, and migrants’ own views and lived experiences were often marginalized or excluded within these discourses. Our analysis highlights that although some definable groups of people are certainly more likely to suffer harm in crisis situations like the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of ‘vulnerable’ as a fixed descriptor has potentially negative implications. As an alternative, we suggest thinking about vulnerability as the dynamic outcome of a process of ‘vulnerabilisation’ shaped by social order and power relations.
Photometry of Very Bright Stars with Kepler and K2 Smear Data
Creators: name: Pope, Benjamin
name: White, Timothy
name: Huber, Daniel
name: Murphy, Simon
name: Bedding, Tim
name: Caldwell, Douglas
name: Sarai, Aleksa
name: Aigrain, Suzanne
name: Barclay, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-precision time series photometry with the Kepler satellite has been crucial to our understanding both of exoplanets, and via asteroseismology, of stellar physics. After the failure of two reaction wheels, the Kepler satellite has been repurposed as Kepler-2 (K2), observing fields close to the ecliptic plane. As these fields contain many more bright stars than the original Kepler field, K2 provides an unprecedented opportunity to study nearby objects amenable to detailed follow-up with ground-based instruments. Due to bandwidth constraints, only a small fraction of pixels can be downloaded, with the result that most bright stars which saturate the detector are not observed. We show that engineering data acquired for photometric calibration, consisting of collateral `smear' measurements, can be used to reconstruct light curves for bright targets not otherwise observable with Kepler/K2. Here we present some examples from Kepler Quarter 6 and K2 Campaign 3, including the delta Scuti variables HD 178875 and 70 Aqr, and the red giant HR 8500 displaying solar-like oscillations. We compare aperture and smear photometry where possible, and also study targets not previously observed. These encouraging results suggest this new method can be applied to most Kepler and K2 fields.
description: Accepted to MNRAS Letters, 5 pages, 5 figures
Comparaison des effets de tâches cognitives sur le mode du contrôle postural chez les jeunes adultes et les personnes âgées
Creators: name: Potvin-Desrochers, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Double-tâche
Contrôle postural
Personnes âgées
Jeunes adultes
SampEn

description: L’objectif de cette thèse était de comparer les effets de tâches cognitives sur le contrôle postural chez les jeunes adultes et les personnes âgées afin de confirmer le mode du contrôle postural privilégié dans un paradigme de double-tâche, et ce, en utilisant la Sample Entropie (SampEn). Vingt jeunes adultes et vingt-cinq personnes âgées devaient rester debout sur une plateforme de force tout en performant une tâche cognitive. Il y avait quatre tâches cognitives, dont deux de type discret et deux de type continu. Les tâches cognitives discrètes consistaient en un temps de réaction simple et en un temps de réaction go/no-go. Les tâches cognitives continues étaient une série d’équations, ainsi que le compte de l’occurrence d’un chiffre dans une série de nombres. Les résultats démontrent une réduction de l’aire et de la variabilité des oscillations, ainsi qu’une augmentation de la SampEn pour les jeunes adultes et les personnes âgées lors de la performance des tâches cognitives. Ces résultats suggèrent que performer une tâche cognitive promouvoit l’automatisation du contrôle postural chez les jeunes adultes et les personnes âgées, comme démontré par une stabilité et complexité posturales accrues.
Development of Steel-Alumina Composites for Wear Applications
Creators: name: Kuforiji, Catherine
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: SS316L, Alumina
Composites
Powder metallurgy
Wear resistance

description: Ceramic-metal matrix composites produced by powder metallurgy provide a solution in engineering applications where materials with high wear resistance are required. In the mining industry, the wear of materials is a crucial and widely recognized industrial problem as over 50 % of components fail as a result of wear damage. Increasing the wear resistance of these components will contribute to a reduction in maintenance and thereby increase efficiency. In this present research, SS316L-50wt.% Al2O3 composites were fabricated using the powder metallurgy route. The effects of the powder metallurgy processing parameters were studied. The produced cermet composites were characterized with respect to microstructure, density, hardness and toughness. Furthermore, the wear behavior of the composites was studied using pin-on-disc testing under dry sliding conditions. The produced test results were used to improve existing wear models, particularly the Wayne’s model. The highest hardness of 1085.2 HV, the highest density of 94.7 % and the lowest wear rate of 0.00397 mm3/m were obtained at a milling speed of 720 rpm, a compaction pressure of 794.4 MPa and sintering at 1400 °C in an argon atmosphere. Compared to commercial SS316 and fabricated SS316L, the composites had 7.4 times and 11 times lower wear rate, respectively. However, it is shown that using better densification methods such as hot isostatic pressing (HIP) or hot pressing can further substantial enhanced densification and improve of the composites wear resistance. Similar to its effects of the strength and the toughness, the remaining porosity was found to substantially affect the wear resistance of the sintered composites. Therefore, the porosity was used to correct the abrasion parameter in the first step of wear model improvement. The porosity represented a further consideration of the microstructure in addition to the reinforcement particle size introduced earlier by Wayne. In a second model improvement step, the test conditions were introduced in the wear resistance calculation. This model allowed the prediction of corrected wear resistance values that are characteristic of the individual test materials and are widely independent of wear test conditions. The coefficient of correlation of the model was 0.91 with respect to Wayne's data and wear test results from this study, and was 0.66 after generalization to a large range of wear data measured on multiple materials tested under varying test conditions. This opens a potential avenue for a model-based assessment of the wear resistance of novel materials as well as changes that can be expected under different wear conditions.
Whatever happened to biological thinking in urban planning?
Creators: name: Amati, Marco
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2019

description: Since 2007 the proclamation of the ‘urban age’ by the UN has been heralded as a critical moment in human society and history. The ‘urban’ has taken its place alongside the anthropocene as a new era for humanity. Its importance as a transformational moment has been underscored by scientific interest in cities. Anxiety about urbanisation was a motivator for early town planning activity in the 19th century. The tools developed by different disciplines to solve the crisis of 19th century urban development were designed around human welfare needs. With our cities forming both the origin and the solution to our planetary environmental crisis, a broader set of planning thoughts, languages and metaphors are needed that go beyond the mere human. Thinking biologically about Homo Sapiens in cities will be critical to our survival. Planning history has a role to play in this project, drawing on the past to identify a biological lineage in urban planning and reveal what has and has not been successful. The aim of this paper is to start that identification. It forms part of a larger project to trace a lineage of biological thinking in urban planning history during the twentieth century. The paper analyses and reinterprets the use of science and biology by two influential planning visionaries: Sir Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) and Le Corbusier (CharlesÉdouard Jeanneret, 1887-1965). Among the luminaries of his age, Geddes as a biologist turned sociologist was a unique figure. He attempted to grapple with the early 20th century urban age in biological terms. Le Corbusier, also used science and biology to argue for universal rules to guide urbanism and as an aesthetic. The paper describes the biological work of these canonical planning thinkers to consider why humanism became the hegemonic frame for urban planning in the twentieth century.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Use of complementary and alternative medicine for work-related pain correlates with career satisfaction among dental hygienists
Creators: name: Chismark, Aubree Michelle
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this study was to determine if Registered Dental Hygienists (RDHs) who use Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) have greater career satisfaction than those who use Conventional Therapy (CT). An electronic survey was sent to ADHA members (N=2431) in NC and CA. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses, and logistic regression. Of the respondents, 76.5% (n=472) suffered from CMP. CAM users reported greater overall health (79.3% vs. 54.0%, p<0.001) and career satisfaction (59.2% vs. 39.0%, p<0.001) when compared to CT users. In conclusion, CAM therapies may improve quality of life and career satisfaction for RDHs suffering from CMP.
Ultraviolet Spectropolarimetry with Polstar: Clumping and Mass-loss Rate Corrections
Creators: name: Gayley, Ken
name: Vink, Jorick S.
name: ud-Doula, Asif
name: David-Uraz, Alexandre
name: Ignace, Richard
name: Prinja, Raman
name: St-Louis, Nicole
name: Ekström, Sylvia
name: Nazé, Yaël
name: Shenar, Tomer
name: Scowen, Paul A.
name: Sudnik, Natallia
name: Owocki, Stan P.
name: Sundqvist, Jon O.
name: Driessen, Florian A.
name: Hennicker, Levin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most massive stars are thought to lose a significant fraction of their mass in a steady wind during the main-sequence and blue supergiant phases. This in turn sets the stage for their further evolution and eventual supernova, with consequences for ISM energization and chemical enrichment. Understanding these processes requires accurate observational constraints on the mass-loss rates of the most luminous stars, which can also be used to test theories of stellar wind generation. In the past, mass-loss rates have been characterized via collisional emission processes such as H$α$ and free-free radio emission, but these so-called "density squared" diagnostics require correction in the presence of widespread clumping. Recent observational and theoretical evidence points to the likelihood of a ubiquitously high level of such clumping in hot-star winds, but quantifying its effects requires a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics of radiatively driven winds. Furthermore, large-scale structures arising from surface anisotropies and propagating throughout the wind can further complicate the picture by introducing further density enhancements, affecting mass-loss diagnostics. Time series spectroscopy of UV resonance lines with high resolution and high signal-to-noise are required to better understand this complex dynamics, and help correct "density squared" diagnostics of mass-loss rates. The proposed Polstar mission easily provides the necessary resolution at the sound-speed scale of 20 km s$^{-1}$, on three dozen bright targets with signal-to noise an order of magnitude above that of the celebrated IUE MEGA campaign, via continuous observations that track structures advecting through the wind in real time.
description: white paper
Three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of L2 Puppis
Creators: name: Chen, Zhuo
name: Nordhaus, Jason
name: Frank, Adam
name: Blackman, Eric G.
name: Balick, Bruce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations of the L2 Puppis system suggest that this Mira-like variable may be in the early stages of forming a bipolar planetary nebula (PN). As one of nearest and brightest AGB stars, thought be a binary, L2 Puppis serves as a benchmark object for studying the late-stages of stellar evolution. We perform global, three-dimensional, adaptive-mesh-refinement hydrodynamic simulations of the L2 Puppis system with AstroBEAR. We use the radiative transfer code RADMC-3D to construct the broad-band spectral-energy-distribution (SED) and synthetic observational images from our simulations. Given the reported binary parameters, we are able to reproduce the current observational data if a short pulse of dense material is released from the AGB star with a velocity sufficient to escape the primary but not the binary. Such a situation could result from a thermal pulse, be induced by a periastron passage of the secondary, or could be launched if the primary ingests a planet.
description: 6 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Losing Intangible Heritage under the Preservation Projects of Tangible Heritage
Creators: name: Chen, Bingqian
name: Zhang, Tianjie
name: Niu, Yingxiang
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2019

description: On the basis of fully understanding the connotation and characteristics of intangible cultural heritage, this paper combed the preservation work of the Yangliuqing Town which is the National Historical Cultural Town in Tianjin, China. The author finds that preservation work had always focused on the tangible culture. And under these preservation planning, some historical sites are restored properly. And some construction improves the people's living condition. But during this process, some construction destroys the human environment inadvertently, and the development of the Lunar New Year Paintings industry also hits a bottleneck, leading to the decline of the characteristic of the “New Year pictures Town”. Based on this problem, this paper puts forward the suggestions such as enriching the theme of Lunar New Year Paintings and enacting preferential tax policies.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
The Cafeteria Diet Model of Metabolic Syndrome and It's Effects on Cerebrovascular Form and Function
Creators: name: Gomez-Smith, Mariana
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Cafeteria diet
cerebrovasculature
blood-brain barrier
perfusion
animal model

description: The global occurrence of metabolic syndrome has reached epidemic proportions and is a contributing factor in the rising incidence of cognitive decline in the aging population. While pre-clinical research has advanced our understanding of many of the mechanisms underlying metabolic syndrome, animal models often do not reflect the complexity of human disease. For example, animal models that investigate the role played by diet in metabolic syndrome have generally focused on a single macronutrient, in particular fat or carbohydrate. As a result, although a balanced diet and increased physical activity are commonly recommended to treat metabolic syndrome symptomatology, their long-term cerebrovascular benefits are uncertain. To address these gaps in knowledge, a “Cafeteria” diet consisting of 16 common ultra-processed grocery store food items was used to model human metabolic syndrome in the rat. I compared rats fed a Cafeteria diet (CAF) to those fed “standard” chow (SD) as well as to a third group that underwent a switch to chow after chronic exposure to the Cafeteria diet (SWT). In a first study, I showed that three months of exposure to the Cafeteria diet produced metabolic syndrome as well as hippocampal neuroinflammation with increased microglial proliferation. These were fully reversed in SWT rats. Nonetheless, the Cafeteria diet did not worsen spatial learning and memory performance as assessed using the Barnes maze. In a second study, brain perfusion was examined using continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (CASL MRI). Cortical and hippocampal resting perfusion was increased in CAF rats while cerebrovascular reactivity in response to a 10% CO2 vasodilatory challenge was reduced. Furthermore, while resting perfusion improved in SWT rats, cerebrovascular reactivity remained impaired. These cerebral blood flow outcomes were not accompanied by alterations in microvascular architecture or integrity as determined by rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) histology. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the Cafeteria diet is an effective model of metabolic syndrome that negatively impacts brain hemodynamic function. Moreover, while a dietary lifestyle intervention can recover peripheral features of metabolic syndrome, neuroinflammation, and resting perfusion, it is insufficient to completely reverse deficits in cerebrovascular reactivity. These findings are compelling as they speak to the detrimental effects of ultra-processed food consumption on cerebrovascular reserve capacity, believed to be an important factor in cognitive decline.