cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pressure consistency for binary hard-sphere mixtures from an integral equation approach
Creators: name: Tsednee, Banzragch
name: Tsednee, Tsogbayar
name: Khinayat, Tsookhuu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The site-site Ornstein-Zernike equation combined with the Verlet-modified bridge function has been applied to the binary hard sphere mixtures and pressure consistency has been tested. An equation of state has been computed for the case where a packing fraction is $η= 0.49$, diameter ratios are $σ_{2}/σ_{1} = 0.3$ and $0.6$, and the mole fractions are $x_{1} = 0.125, 0.5, 0.75$, and $1$. An excess chemical potential for each component has been obtained as well. Our findings for thermodynamic properties are in good agreement with available data in literature.
description: This electronic preprint contains incorrect data and the calculations need to be redone. Therefore, it was withdrawn by the author
title: Ektogestation und ‚Artifizielle Amnion- und Placenta-Technologie‘ – Rechte von schwangeren Personen im Zuge der Weiterentwicklung extrakorporaler Reproduktionstechnologie
Creators: name: Weigold, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Abtreibungsrecht
subject: Ektogestation
subject: Reproduktionstechnologien
subject: Reproduktive Gerechtigkeit
subject: Schwangerschaft
subject: Schwangerschaftsabbruch
subject: Selektion
subject: ddc:300

description: Im Zusammenhang mit der medizintechnologischen Vision über Schwangerschaftsprozesse außerhalb des Körpers werden ‚Lösungen des Abtreibungsproblems‘ diskutiert. Der Beitrag analysiert die dominanten Debattenstränge und deren antifeministische Motive sowie deren Relevanz im deutschsprachigen Kontext. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die Diskussion zum Thema auch im deutschen Kontext voranzutreiben und eine intersektionalfeministische Perspektive miteinzubeziehen. Mittels einer hermeneutischen Textanalyse bioethischer und juristischer Literatur sowie politischer Stellungnahmen (Deutscher Juristinnenbund; Doctors for Choice) wird erörtert, welche Auswirkungen die Zentralisierung des ‚moralischen Status‘ des Fötus sowie die Ausweitung fötaler Lebensfähigkeit durch die Weiterentwicklung extrakorporaler Reproduktionstechnologie haben können. In Reflexion auf den deutschen Kontext zeigt die Untersuchung weitere mögliche Effekte bezüglich selektiver Reproduktion und der Neuregelungen zum Schwangerschaftsabbruch auf. Der Beitrag plädiert für eine breitere Kontextualisierung von Abtreibungen, um die biopolitischen Zusammenhänge zu verstehen und verkürzte Schlüsse anhand des Einsatzes medizintechnologischer Innovationen zu verhindern.
Fidelity Threshold of the Surface Code Beyond Single-Qubit Error Models
Creators: name: Jouzdani, Pejman
name: Novais, E.
name: Tupitsyn, I. S.
name: Mucciolo, Eduardo R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface code is one the most promising alternatives for implementing fault-tolerant, large-scale quantum information processing. Its high threshold for single-qubit errors under stochastic noise is one of its most attrative features. We develop an exact formulation for the fidelity of the surface code that allows us to probe much further on this promise of strong protection. This formulation goes beyond the stochastic single-qubit error model approximation and can take into account both correlated errors and inhomogeneities in the coupling between physical qubits and the environment. For the case of a bit-flipping environment, we map the complete evolution after one quantum error correction cycle onto the problem of computing correlation functions of a two-dimensional Ising model with boundary fields. Exact results for the fidelity threshold of the surface code are then obtained for several relevant types of noise. Analytical predictions for a representative case are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures; revised and extended version
Robustness Testing for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: State Perturbations on Critical Agents
Creators: name: Zhou, Ziyuan
name: Liu, Guanjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has been widely applied in many fields such as smart traffic and unmanned aerial vehicles. However, most MARL algorithms are vulnerable to adversarial perturbations on agent states. Robustness testing for a trained model is an essential step for confirming the trustworthiness of the model against unexpected perturbations. This work proposes a novel Robustness Testing framework for MARL that attacks states of Critical Agents (RTCA). The RTCA has two innovations: 1) a Differential Evolution (DE) based method to select critical agents as victims and to advise the worst-case joint actions on them; and 2) a team cooperation policy evaluation method employed as the objective function for the optimization of DE. Then, adversarial state perturbations of the critical agents are generated based on the worst-case joint actions. This is the first robustness testing framework with varying victim agents. RTCA demonstrates outstanding performance in terms of the number of victim agents and destroying cooperation policies.
Locating Innovation: The Endogeneity of Technology, Organizational Structure and Financial Contracting
Creators: name: Gilson, Ronald J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Venture capital
subject: New business enterprises
subject: Organizational change
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Business

description: There is much we do not understand about the “location” of innovation: the confluence, for a particular innovation, of the technology associated with the innovation, the innovating firm’s size and organizational structure, and the financial contracting that supports the innovation. This Essay suggests that these three indicia are simultaneously determined and discusses the interaction among them through four examples of innovative activity whose location is characterized by tradeoffs between pursuing the activity in an established company; in a smaller, earlier stage company; or some combination of the two. It first considers the dilemma faced by an established company in deciding whether to keep an employee’s innovation or allow the employee to pursue the innovation through a startup. It next takes up a very different relationship between an established company and an earlier stage company: the development by the smaller company of a “disruptive” innovation that displaces the industry’s dominant companies. The Essay then considers an established company’s instrumental use of the startup market to outsource development of a particular innovation to a technology race. Finally, the Essay examines a form of innovation located between an established and earlier stage company: the pattern of joint ventures between large pharmaceutical companies and smaller biotechnology companies.
Proechimys trinitatus
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Echimyidae
Proechimys
Proechimys trinitatus

description: Proechimys trinitatus (J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1893). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:223. TYPE LOCALITY: Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad. DISTRIBUTION: Trinidad. COMMENT: Formerly included in guyannensis; see Reig et al., 1980:291- 312, in Voronstov and Van Brink, eds., Animal genetics and evolution, Junk, The Hague.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 591, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["Reig, O. A., M. Aguilera, M. A. Barros, and M. Useche. 1980. Chromosomal speciation in a Rassenkreis of Venezuelan spiny rats (genus Proechimys; Rodentia: Echimyidae). Genetica, 52 / 53: 291 - 312."]}
Truth in Motion: The Unprecedented Risks and Opportunities of Extended Reality Motion Data
Creators: name: Nair, Vivek
name: Rosenberg, Louis
name: O'Brien, James F.
name: Song, Dawn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motion tracking "telemetry" data lies at the core of nearly all modern extended reality (XR) and metaverse experiences. While generally presumed innocuous, recent studies have demonstrated that motion data actually has the potential to profile and deanonymize XR users, posing a significant threat to security and privacy in the metaverse.
Combining Google Earth and GIS mapping technologies in a dengue surveillance system for developing countries
Creators: name: Chang, Aileen
name: Parrales, Maria
name: Jimenez, Javier
name: Sobieszczyk, Magdalena
name: Hammer, Scott M.
name: Copenhaver, David
name: Kulkarni, Rajan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Public health
Geographic information systems
Epidemiology
Information technology

description: Background: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne illness that places significant burden on tropical developing countries with unplanned urbanization. A surveillance system using Google Earth and GIS mapping technologies was developed in Nicaragua as a management tool. Methods and Results: Satellite imagery of the town of Bluefields, Nicaragua captured from Google Earth was used to create a base-map in ArcGIS 9. Indices of larval infestation, locations of tire dumps, cemeteries, large areas of standing water, etc. that may act as larval development sites, and locations of the homes of dengue cases collected during routine epidemiologic surveying were overlaid onto this map. Visual imagery of the location of dengue cases, larval infestation, and locations of potential larval development sites were used by dengue control specialists to prioritize specific neighborhoods for targeted control interventions. Conclusion: This dengue surveillance program allows public health workers in resource-limited settings to accurately identify areas with high indices of mosquito infestation and interpret the spatial relationship of these areas with potential larval development sites such as garbage piles and large pools of standing water. As a result, it is possible to prioritize control strategies and to target interventions to highest risk areas in order to eliminate the likely origin of the mosquito vector. This program is well-suited for resource-limited settings since it utilizes readily available technologies that do not rely on Internet access for daily use and can easily be implemented in many developing countries for very little cost.
CisOrtho: A program pipeline for genome-wide identification of transcription factor target genes using phylogenetic footprinting
Creators: name: Bigelow, Henry
name: Wenick, Adam
name: Wong, Allan
name: Hobert, Oliver
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Genomics
Computer software
Computer science
Molecular biology

description: Background: All known genomes code for a large number of transcription factors. It is important to develop methods that will reveal how these transcription factors act on a genome wide level, that is, through what target genes they exert their function. Results: We describe here a program pipeline aimed at identifying transcription factor target genes in whole genomes. Starting from a consensus binding site, represented as a weight matrix, potential sites in a pre-filtered genome are identified and then further filtered by assessing conservation of the putative site in the genome of a related species, a process called phylogenetic footprinting. CisOrtho has been successfully used to identify targets for two homeodomain transcription factors in the genomes of the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae. Conclusions: CisOrtho will identify targets of other nematode transcription factors whose DNA binding specificity is known and can be easily adapted to search other genomes for transcription factor targets.
Room temperature wavelike exciton transport in a van der Waals superatomic semiconductor
Creators: name: Tulyagankhodjaev, Jakhangirkhodja A.
name: Shih, Petra
name: Yu, Jessica
name: Russell, Jake C.
name: Chica, Daniel G.
name: Reynoso, Michelle E.
name: Su, Haowen
name: Stenor, Athena C.
name: Roy, Xavier
name: Berkelbach, Timothy C.
name: Delor, Milan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transport of energy and information in semiconductors is limited by scattering between electronic carriers and lattice phonons, resulting in diffusive and lossy transport that curtails all semiconductor technologies. Using Re6Se8Cl2, a van der Waals (vdW) superatomic semiconductor, we demonstrate the formation of acoustic exciton-polarons, an electronic quasiparticle shielded from phonon scattering. We directly image polaron transport in Re6Se8Cl2 at room temperature and reveal quasi-ballistic, wavelike propagation sustained for nanoseconds and several microns. Shielded polaron transport leads to electronic energy propagation orders of magnitude greater than in other vdW semiconductors, exceeding even silicon over nanoseconds. We propose that, counterintuitively, quasi-flat electronic bands and strong exciton-acoustic phonon coupling are together responsible for the remarkable transport properties of Re6Se8Cl2, establishing a new path to ballistic room-temperature semiconductors.
The art and science of preventing and treating HIV disease in children: a life cycle approach
Creators: name: Abrams, Elaine J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Pediatrics
HIV infections
Medical sciences
Epidemiology

description: Dr Abrams will review current scientific knowledge in the area of pediatric HIV infection from infancy through adolescence and will identify critical gaps that significantly impact successful care of children with HIV disease. She will explore three interconnected themes: evolution of physical and psychological development throughout childhood; the relationship between the child and her family; and importance of psychological, behavioral, and social issues as they affect successful treatment of the HIV infected child as well as vulnerability of the uninfected adolescent to acquisition of HIV infection. Combining experiences from HIV programs in resource rich and resource constrained settings, Dr. Abrams will highlight a number of pressing questions warranting urgent scientific inquiry.
Additional file 1 of Integrating climate in Ugandan health and subsistence food systems: where diverse knowledges meet
Creators: name: Bavel, Bianca Van
name: Ford, Lea Berrang
name: King, Rebecca
name: Shuaib Lwasa
name: Didacus Namanya
name: Sabastian Twesigomwe
name: Elsey, Helen
name: Sherilee L. Harper
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Open charm phenomenology with a multi-stage approach to relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Singh, Mayank
name: Kurian, Manu
name: Jeon, Sangyong
name: Gale, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study open charm flavor observables in Pb+Pb collision at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 2.76$ TeV within the MARTINI framework. The space-time expansion of the quark-gluon plasma is described using the hydrodynamical approach-MUSIC with IP-Glasma initial conditions. The model parameters, including the viscous coefficients, were obtained from a recent Bayesian model-to-data comparison. We evolve heavy quarks in this background using Langevin dynamics while incorporating their collisional and radiative processes in the medium. The sensitivity of charm observables to the IP-Glasma initial state, bulk evolution, and centrality of the collision is studied. We find that the elliptic flow of open charm flavor has a strong dependence on the fluctuating initial conditions in addition to the strength of the interaction of heavy quarks with the medium constituents. Within this framework, the nuclear suppression factor and elliptic flow of D-mesons act as efficient probes to study the initial stages of heavy-ion collisions, transport coefficients associated with QGP medium as well as heavy quark interactions.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; Version published in Phys. Rev. C
Hydrodynamic electron transport and nonlinear waves in graphene
Creators: name: Svintsov, D.
name: Vyurkov, V.
name: Ryzhii, V.
name: Otsuji, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the system of hydrodynamic equations governing the collective motion of massless fermions in graphene. The obtained equations demonstrate the lack of Galilean- and Lorentz invariance, and contain a variety of nonlinear terms due to quasi-relativistic nature of carriers. Using those equations, we show the possibility of soliton formation in electron plasma of gated graphene. The quasi-relativistic effects set an upper limit for soliton amplitude, which marks graphene out of conventional semiconductors. The lack of Galilean and Lorentz invariance of hydrodynamic equations is revealed in spectra of plasma waves in the presence of steady flow, which no longer obey the relations of Doppler shift. The possibility of plasma wave excitation by direct current in graphene channels is also discussed.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Epidemiologic heterogeneity of common mood and anxiety disorders over the lifecourse in the general population: a systematic review
Creators: name: Nandi, Arijit
name: Beard, John
name: Galea, Sandro
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Anxiety disorders
Affective disorders
Epidemiology
Mental health

description: Background: Clinical evidence has long suggested there may be heterogeneity in the patterns and predictors of common mood and anxiety disorders; however, epidemiologic studies have generally treated these outcomes as homogenous entities. The objective of this study was to systematically review the epidemiologic evidence for potential patterns of heterogeneity of common mood and anxiety disorders over the lifecourse in the general population. Methods: We reviewed epidemiologic studies examining heterogeneity in either the nature of symptoms experienced ("symptom syndromes") or in patterns of symptoms over time ("symptom trajectories"). To be included, studies of syndromes were required to identify distinct symptom subtypes, and studies of trajectories were required to identify distinct longitudinal patterns of symptoms in at least three waves of follow-up. Studies based on clinical or patient populations were excluded. Results: While research in this field is in its infancy, we found growing evidence that, not only can mood and anxiety disorders be differentiated by symptom syndromes and trajectories, but that the factors associated with these disorders may vary between these subtypes. Whether this reflects a causal pathway, where genetic or environmental factors influence the nature of the symptom or trajectory subtype experienced by an individual, or whether individuals with different subtypes differed in their susceptibility to different environmental factors, could not be determined. Few studies addressed issues of comorbidity or transitions in symptoms between common disorders. Conclusion: Understanding the diversity of these conditions may help us identify preventable factors that are only associated with some subtypes of these common disorders.
Additional file 2 of Integrating climate in Ugandan health and subsistence food systems: where diverse knowledges meet
Creators: name: Bavel, Bianca Van
name: Ford, Lea Berrang
name: King, Rebecca
name: Shuaib Lwasa
name: Didacus Namanya
name: Sabastian Twesigomwe
name: Elsey, Helen
name: Sherilee L. Harper
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2.
Exploring quasiprobability approach to quantum work in the presence of initial coherence: Advantages of the Margenau-Hill distribution
Creators: name: Pei, Ji-Hui
name: Chen, Jin-Fu
name: Quan, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum thermodynamics, the two-projective-measurement (TPM) scheme provides a successful description of stochastic work only in the absence of initial quantum coherence. Extending the quantum work distribution to quasiprobability is a general approach to characterize work fluctuation in the presence of initial coherence. However, among a large number of different definitions, there is no consensus on the most appropriate work quasiprobability. In this article, we list several physically reasonable requirements including the first law of thermodynamics, time-reversal symmetry, positivity of second-order moment, and a support condition for the work distribution. We prove that the only definition that satisfies all these requirements is the Margenau-Hill (MH) quasiprobability of work. In this sense, the MH quasiprobability of work shows its advantages over other definitions. As an illustration, we calculate the MH work distribution of a breathing harmonic oscillator with initial squeezed states and show the convergence to classical work distribution in the classical limit.
description: 15 pages,1 figure
PRL-3 overexpression in epithelial cells is induced by surrounding stromal fibroblasts
Creators: name: Molleví, David
name: Aytes, Alvaro
name: Berdiel, Mireia
name: Padullés, Laura
name: Martínez-Iniesta, Maria
name: Sanjuan, Xavier
name: Salazar, Ramon
name: Villanueva, Alberto
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Metastasis
Fibroblasts
Medicine
Cytology

description: We isolate and culture carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from primary tumour (CAFpt), CAFs from corresponding synchronous liver metastasis (CAFlm) as well as normal colonic fibroblasts (NCF) from the same patient. From these cultures, conditioned media (CM) was obtained. Culture of a wide panel of colorectal and pancreatic cell lines in CM from CAFlm resulted
in overexpression of mRNA PRL-3 and higher overexpression in CAFs than in non-activated fibroblasts. Moreover PRL-3 mRNA expression correlates with expression of α-SMA and deposition of collagen fibrils in the stroma. We demonstrate that products secreted by CAFs trigger PRL-3 overexpression in cancer cells. Identification of these factors may contribute to new stroma-targeted therapies for desmoplastic tumours.
Tidal heating and torquing of the primary black hole in eccentric-orbit, non-spinning extreme-mass-ratio inspirals to 22PN order
Creators: name: Munna, Christopher
name: Evans, Charles R.
name: Forseth, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the high-order post-Newtonian (PN) expansion of the energy and angular momentum fluxes onto the horizon of a nonspinning black hole primary in eccentric-orbit extreme-mass-ratio inspirals. The first-order black hole perturbation theory calculation uses \textsc{Mathematica} and makes an analytic expansion of the Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli functions using the Mano-Suzuki-Takasugi formalism. The horizon absorption, or tidal heating and torquing, is calculated to 18PN relative to the leading horizon flux (i.e., 22PN order relative to the leading quadrupole flux at infinity). Each PN term is a function of eccentricity $e$ and is calculated as a series to $e^{10}$. A second expansion, to 10PN horizon-relative order (or 14PN relative to the flux at infinity), is computed deeper in eccentricity to $e^{20}$. A number of resummed closed-form functions are found for the low PN terms in the series. Using a separate Teukolsky perturbation code, numerical comparisons are made to test how accurate the PN expansion is when extended to a close $p=10$ orbit. We find that the horizon absorption expansion is not as convergent as a previously computed infinity-side flux expansion. However, given that the horizon absorption is suppressed by 4PN, useful results can be obtained even with an orbit as tight as this for $e \le 1/2$. Combining the present results with our earlier expansion of the fluxes to infinity makes the knowledge of the total dissipation known to 19PN for eccentric-orbit nonspinning EMRIs.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure
title: Ueber den Einfluß der Criminal-Psychologie auf ein System des Criminal-Rechts, auf menschlichere Gesetze und Cultur der Verbrecher; 1799
title: eine akademische Vorlesung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Münch, Johann Gottlieb
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2014

description: In Fraktur
Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with better endothelial function: a cross sectional study
Creators: name: Suzuki, Keiko
name: Elkind, Mitchell S.
name: Boden-Albala, Bernadette
name: Jin, Zhezhen
name: Berry, Grace
name: Di Tullio, Marco R.
name: Sacco, Ralph L.
name: Homma, Shunichi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cardiovascular system--Diseases
subject: Drinking of alcoholic beverages
subject: Medicine
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background: Moderate alcohol consumption is protective against coronary artery disease. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to atherosclerosis and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The effects of alcohol consumption on endothelial function may be relevant to these cardiovascular outcomes, but very few studies have examined the effect of alcohol consumption on endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery in humans. Methods: In the population-based Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS), we performed a cross-sectional analysis of lifetime alcohol intake and brachial artery FMD during reactive hyperemia using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound images among 884 stroke-free participants (mean age 66.8 years, women 56.6%, Hispanic 67.4%, black 17.4%, and white 15.2%). Results: The mean brachial FMD was 5.7% and the median was 5.5%. Compared to non-drinkers, those who drank > 1 drink/month to 2 drinks/day were more likely to have FMD above the median FMD (5.5%) (unadjusted OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.4, p = 0.005). In multivariate analysis, the relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and FMD remained significant after adjusting for multiple traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including sex, race-ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, Framingham risk score, medication use (adjusted OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.1–3.0, p = 0.03). No beneficial effect on FMD was seen for those who drank more than 2 drinks/day. Conclusion: In conclusion, consumption of up to 2 alcoholic beverages per day was independently associated with better FMD compared to no alcohol consumption in this multiethnic population. This effect on FMD may represent an important mechanism in explaining the protective effect of alcohol intake on cardiovascular disease.
Physiological models of body composition and human obesity
Creators: name: Levitt, David
name: Heymsfield, Steven B.
name: Pierson, Richard
name: Shapses, Sue
name: Kral, John
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Human physiology
Obesity
Medical sciences
Medicine

description: Correction to Levitt DG, Heymsfield SB, Pierson Jr RN, Shapses SA, Kral JG: Physiological models of body composition and human obesity. Nutrition & Metabolism 2007, 4:19
Helical swimming in Stokes flow using a novel boundary-element method
Creators: name: Liu, Bin
name: Breuer, Kenneth S.
name: Powers, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the boundary-element method to Stokes flows with helical symmetry, such as the flow driven by an immersed rotating helical flagellum. We show that the two-dimensional boundary integral method can be reduced to one dimension using the helical symmetry. The computational cost is thus much reduced while spatial resolution is maintained. We review the robustness of this method by comparing the simulation results with the experimental measurement of the motility of model helical flagella of various ratios of pitch to radius, along with predictions from resistive-force theory and slender-body theory. We also show that the modified boundary integral method provides reliable convergence if the singularities in the kernel of the integral are treated appropriately.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures
Mean flow modelling in high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Creators: name: Gomel, Alexis
name: Montessuit, Corentin
name: Armaroli, Andrea
name: Eeltink, Debbie
name: Chabchoub, Amin
name: Kasparian, Jérôme
name: Brunetti, Maura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evaluation and consideration of the mean flow in wave evolution equations are necessary for the accurate prediction of fluid particle trajectories under wave groups, with relevant implications in several domains, from the transport of pollutants in the ocean, to the estimation of energy and momentum exchanges between the waves at small scales and the ocean circulation at large scale. We derive an expression of the mean flow at finite water depth which, in contrast to other approximations in the literature, accurately accords with the deep-water limit at third order in steepness, and is equivalent to second-order formulations in intermediate water. We also provide envelope evolution equations at fourth order in steepness for the propagation of unidirectional wave groups either in time or space that include the respective mean flow term. The latter, in particular, is required for accurately modelling experiments in water wave flumes in arbitrary depths.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Physics of Fluids
Elucidating Interfacial Dynamics of Ti-Al Systems Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Markov State Modeling
Creators: name: Li, Tianjiao
name: Tian, Chenxi
name: Moridi, Atieh
name: Yeo, Jingjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to their remarkable mechanical and chemical properties, Ti-Al based materials are attracting considerable interest in numerous fields of engineering, such as automotive, aerospace, and defense. With their low density, high strength, and resistance to corrosion and oxidation, these intermetallic alloys and compound metal-metallic composites have found diverse applications. The present study delves into the interfacial dynamics of these Ti-Al systems, particularly focusing on the behavior of Ti and Al atoms in the presence of TiAl$_3$ grain boundaries under experimental heat treatment conditions. Using a combination of Molecular Dynamics and Markov State Model analyses, we scrutinize the kinetic processes involved in the formation of TiAl$_3$. The Molecular Dynamics simulation indicates that at the early stage of heat treatment, the predominating process is the diffusion of Al atoms towards the Ti surface through the TiAl$_3$ grain boundaries. The Markov State Modeling identifies three distinct dynamic states of Al atoms within the Ti/Al mixture that forms during the process, each exhibiting a unique spatial distribution. Using transition timescales as a qualitative measure of the rapidness of the dynamics, it is observed that the Al dynamics is significantly less rapid near the Ti surface compared to the Al surface. Put together, the results offer a comprehensive understanding of the interfacial dynamics and reveals a three-stage diffusion mechanism. The process initiates with the premelting of Al, proceeds with the prevalent diffusion of Al atoms towards the Ti surface, and eventually ceases as the Ti concentration within the mixture progressively increases. The insights gained from this study could contribute significantly to the control and optimization of manufacturing processes for these high-performing Ti-Al based materials.
Genotoxic responses to titanium dioxide nanoparticles and fullerene in gpt delta transgenic MEF cells
Creators: name: Xu, An
name: Chai, Yunfei
name: Nohmi, Takehiko
name: Hei, Tom K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Nanoparticles
Mutation (Biology)
Medicine
Toxicology

description: Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and fullerene (C60) are two attractive manufactured nanoparticles with great promise in industrial and medical applications. However, little is known about the genotoxic response of TiO2 nanoparticles and C60 in mammalian cells. In the present study, we determined the mutation fractions induced by either TiO2 nanoparticles or C60 in gpt delta transgenic mouse primary embryo fibroblasts (MEF) and identified peroxynitrite anions (ONOO-) as an essential mediator involved in such process. Results: Both TiO2 nanoparticles and C60 dramatically increased the mutation yield, which could be abrogated by concurrent treatment with the endocytosis inhibitor, Nystatin. Under confocal scanning microscopy together with the radical probe dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123), we found that there was a dose-dependent formation of ONOO- in live MEF cells exposed to either TiO2 nanoparticles or C60, and the protective effects of antioxidants were demonstrated by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). Furthermore, suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity by using the chemical inhibitor NS-398 significantly reduced mutation frequency of both TiO2 nanoparticles and C60. Conclusion: Our results provided novel information that both TiO2 nanoparticles and C60 were taken up by cells and induced kilo-base pair deletion mutations in a transgenic mouse mutation system. The induction of ONOO- may be a critical signaling event for nanoparticle genotoxicity.
Targeted Isolation of Antibodies Directed against Major Sites of SIV Env Vulnerability
Creators: name: Mason, Rosemarie D.
name: Welles, Hugh C.
name: Adams, Cameron
name: Chakrabarti, Bimal K.
name: Gorman, Jason
name: Zhou, Tongqing
name: Nguyen, Richard
name: O’Dell, Sijy
name: Lusvarghi, Sabrina
name: Bewley, Carole A.
name: Li, Hui
name: Shaw, George M.
name: Sheng, Zizhang
name: Shapiro, Lawrence S.
name: Wyatt, Richard
name: Kwong, Peter D.
name: Mascola, John R.
name: Roederer, Mario
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: HIV infections—Prevention
subject: Immunotherapy
subject: Simian immunodeficiency virus
subject: Public health
subject: Virology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge model of lentiviral infection is often used as a model to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) for studying vaccine mediated and immune correlates of protection. However, knowledge of the structure of the SIV envelope (Env) glycoprotein is limited, as is knowledge of binding specificity, function and potential efficacy of SIV antibody responses. In this study we describe the use of a competitive probe binding sort strategy as well as scaffolded probes for targeted isolation of SIV Env-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We isolated nearly 70 SIV-specific mAbs directed against major sites of SIV Env vulnerability analogous to broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) targets of HIV-1, namely, the CD4 binding site (CD4bs), CD4-induced (CD4i)-site, peptide epitopes in variable loops 1, 2 and 3 (V1, V2, V3) and potentially glycan targets of SIV Env. The range of SIV mAbs isolated includes those exhibiting varying degrees of neutralization breadth and potency as well as others that demonstrated binding but not neutralization. Several SIV mAbs displayed broad and potent neutralization of a diverse panel of 20 SIV viral isolates with some also neutralizing HIV-27312A. This extensive panel of SIV mAbs will facilitate more effective use of the SIV non-human primate (NHP) model for understanding the variables in development of a HIV vaccine or immunotherapy.
Eigensubspace of Temporal-Difference Dynamics and How It Improves Value Approximation in Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: He, Qiang
name: Zhou, Tianyi
name: Fang, Meng
name: Maghsudi, Setareh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose a novel value approximation method, namely Eigensubspace Regularized Critic (ERC) for deep reinforcement learning (RL). ERC is motivated by an analysis of the dynamics of Q-value approximation error in the Temporal-Difference (TD) method, which follows a path defined by the 1-eigensubspace of the transition kernel associated with the Markov Decision Process (MDP). It reveals a fundamental property of TD learning that has remained unused in previous deep RL approaches. In ERC, we propose a regularizer that guides the approximation error tending towards the 1-eigensubspace, resulting in a more efficient and stable path of value approximation. Moreover, we theoretically prove the convergence of the ERC method. Besides, theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that ERC effectively reduces the variance of value functions. Among 26 tasks in the DMControl benchmark, ERC outperforms state-of-the-art methods for 20. Besides, it shows significant advantages in Q-value approximation and variance reduction. Our code is available at https://sites.google.com/view/erc-ecml23/.
description: Accepted to ECML23. Code: https://sites.google.com/view/erc-ecml23/
Housing and use of leverage in mental health treatment
Creators: name: Le Melle, Stephanie
name: Monahan, John
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Social security
subject: Low-income housing
subject: Mental health
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Background: Low income housing in many parts of the United States, particularly in urban areas, is a scarce commodity. Because of the way mental health care is reimbursed in the US most people with persistent mental illness live on disability income (Social Security Income SSI). This puts people with mental illness below the poverty line and forces them to compete with other poor people for housing. It is also believed by some that people with mental illness need to be "housing ready" to live independently in the community. As a result, State mental health agencies often provide funding to community mental health providers to create different levels of supported housing for people with mental illnesses. Continued access to this type of housing is often conditioned on adherence to treatment. The intent of this study was to describe the use of housing as leverage with this population. Methods: Interview data from 200 outpatients at five sites provided a description of the use of housing as leverage and of the specific types of housing most likely to be used as leverage. Results: While experiencing housing as leverage was not associated with treatment satisfaction, it was significantly associated with feeling increased pressure to take prescribed medication and attend treatment sessions, feeling coerced into treatment, and less autonomy. Those individuals were also more likely to endorse the effectiveness of such leverage in causing treatment adherence. Conclusion: Housing is often used as leverage to engage people in treatment for mental illness however, this study does not resolve the debate regarding the use of leverage to increase treatment adherence. It also raises the ethical issue of the use of housing as leverage.
AOT and treatment engagement: evidence from interviews with consumers
Creators: name: Link, Bruce George
name: Castille, Dorothy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Psychiatric hospitals--Outpatient services
Mental illness--Treatment
Mental health
Medical sciences

description: Background: The mental health service consumer's perspective on engagement with treatment focuses is the focus of a one year follow-up study of recipients receiving AOT orders (76) and outpatient recipients without AOT orders (108) participating in a study (n = 184) in two boroughs of New York City. Methods: These data complement information regularly collected by the New York State Office of Mental Health. Results: AOT recipients report improved relationships with their case managers and greater insight into their illness over time. Recipients also report an increased participation in services, a decrease in some forms of perceived stigma and coercion, and improved quality of life over time. The individual's relationship with the case manager in more actively engaging the individual in making choices about his own treatment importantly influences persons court ordered into treatment to remain in treatment. Specifically the case manager makes the recipient aware of treatment options that are available and support efforts to take advantage of housing and recovery opportunities. In this way the case manager assists the recipient in gaining more control over his life and may facilitate an improved quality of life. Conclusion: This study provides a unique examination of outpatient commitment from the recipient's perspective.
Periodic and Aperoidic Variability in the Molecular Cloud ρOphiuchus
Creators: name: Parks, J. R.
name: Plavchan, P.
name: White, R. J.
name: Gee, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Presented are the results of a near-IR photometric survey on 1678 stars in the direction of the ρOphiuchus (ρOph) star forming region using data from the 2MASS Calibration Database. For each target in this sample, up to 1584 individual J, H and K_s band photometric measurements with a cadence of ~1 day are obtained over 3 observing seasons spanning ~2.5 years; it is the most intensive survey of stars in this region to date. This survey identifies 101 variable stars with ΔK_s band amplitudes from 0.044 to 2.31 mag and Δ(J-K_s) color amplitudes ranging from 0.053 to 1.47 mag. Of the 72 young ρOph star cluster members included in this survey, 79% are variable; in addition, 22 variable stars are identified as candidate members. Based on the temporal behavior of the K_s time-series, the variability is distinguished as either periodic, long time-scale or irregular. This temporal behavior coupled with the behavior of stellar colors is used to assign a dominant variability mechanism. A new period-searching algorithm finds periodic signals in 32 variable stars with periods between 0.49 to 92 days.
Real-Time Predictions of Reservoir Size and Rebound Time during Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption Trials for HIV
Creators: name: Hill, Alison L.
name: Rosenbloom, Daniel
name: Goldstein, Edward
name: Hanhauser, Emily
name: Kuritzkes, Daniel R.
name: Siliciano, Robert F.
name: Henrich, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Viruses--Reproduction
subject: HIV infections--Treatment
subject: Highly active antiretroviral therapy
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Public health

description: Monitoring the efficacy of novel reservoir-reducing treatments for HIV is challenging. The limited ability to sample and quantify latent infection means that supervised antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption studies are generally required. Here we introduce a set of mathematical and statistical modeling tools to aid in the design and interpretation of ART-interruption trials. We show how the likely size of the remaining reservoir can be updated in real-time as patients continue off treatment, by combining the output of laboratory assays with insights from models of reservoir dynamics and rebound. We design an optimal schedule for viral load sampling during interruption, whereby the frequency of follow-up can be decreased as patients continue off ART without rebound. While this scheme can minimize costs when the chance of rebound between visits is low, we find that the reservoir will be almost completely reseeded before rebound is detected unless sampling occurs at least every two weeks and the most sensitive viral load assays are used. We use simulated data to predict the clinical trial size needed to estimate treatment effects in the face of highly variable patient outcomes and imperfect reservoir assays. Our findings suggest that large numbers of patients—between 40 and 150—will be necessary to reliably estimate the reservoir-reducing potential of a new therapy and to compare this across interventions. As an example, we apply these methods to the two “Boston patients”, recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants who experienced large reductions in latent infection and underwent ART-interruption. We argue that the timing of viral rebound was not particularly surprising given the information available before treatment cessation. Additionally, we show how other clinical data can be used to estimate the relative contribution that remaining HIV+ cells in the recipient versus newly infected cells from the donor made to the residual reservoir that eventually caused rebound. Together, these tools will aid HIV researchers in the evaluating new potentially-curative strategies that target the latent reservoir.