cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SEMI-PointRend: Improved Semiconductor Wafer Defect Classification and Segmentation as Rendering
Creators: name: Hwang, MinJin
name: Dey, Bappaditya
name: Dehaerne, Enrique
name: Halder, Sandip
name: Shin, Young-han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.9

description: In this study, we applied the PointRend (Point-based Rendering) method to semiconductor defect segmentation. PointRend is an iterative segmentation algorithm inspired by image rendering in computer graphics, a new image segmentation method that can generate high-resolution segmentation masks. It can also be flexibly integrated into common instance segmentation meta-architecture such as Mask-RCNN and semantic meta-architecture such as FCN. We implemented a model, termed as SEMI-PointRend, to generate precise segmentation masks by applying the PointRend neural network module. In this paper, we focus on comparing the defect segmentation predictions of SEMI-PointRend and Mask-RCNN for various defect types (line-collapse, single bridge, thin bridge, multi bridge non-horizontal). We show that SEMI-PointRend can outperforms Mask R-CNN by up to 18.8% in terms of segmentation mean average precision.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables. To be published by SPIE in the proceedings of Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control XXXVII
Quantum Imaging with Undetected Photons
Creators: name: Lemos, Gabriela B.
name: Borish, Victoria
name: Cole, Garrett D.
name: Ramelow, Sven
name: Lapkiewicz, Radek
name: Zeilinger, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Indistinguishable quantum states interfere, but the mere possibility of obtaining information that could distinguish between overlapping states inhibits quantum interference. Quantum interference imaging can outperform classical imaging or even have entirely new features. Here, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a quantum imaging concept that relies on the indistinguishability of the possible sources of a photon that remains undetected. Our experiment uses pair creation in two separate down-conversion crystals. While the photons passing through the object are never detected, we obtain images exclusively with the sister photons that do not interact with the object. Therefore the object to be imaged can be either opaque or invisible to the detected photons. Moreover, our technique allows the probe wavelength to be chosen in a range for which suitable sources and/or detectors are unavailable. Our experiment is a prototype in quantum information where knowledge can be extracted by and about a photon that is never detected.
description: Comments welcome
Orbifold Family Unification on 6 Dimensions
Creators: name: Goto, Yuhei
name: Kawamura, Yoshiharu
name: Miura, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of family unification on the basis of SU(N) gauge theory on the 6-dimensional space-time, $M^4\times T^2/Z_N$. We obtain enormous numbers of models with three families of SU(5) matter multiplets and those with three families of the standard model multiplets, from a single massless Dirac fermion with a higher-dimensional representation of SU(N), through the orbifold breaking mechanism.
description: 26 pages
A Survey on Migration-Selection Models in Population Genetics
Creators: name: Bürger, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 92D10 (Primary) 92D15, 34D05, 34D30, 37N25, 39A60 (Secondary)

description: This survey focuses on the most important aspects of the mathematical theory of population genetic models of selection and migration between discrete niches. Such models are most appropriate if the dispersal distance is short compared to the scale at which the environment changes, or if the habitat is fragmented. The general goal of such models is to study the influence of population subdivision and gene flow among subpopulations on the amount and pattern of genetic variation maintained. Only deterministic models are treated. Because space is discrete, they are formulated in terms of systems of nonlinear difference or differential equations. A central topic is the exploration of the equilibrium and stability structure under various assumptions on the patterns of selection and migration. Another important, closely related topic concerns conditions (necessary or sufficient) for fully polymorphic (internal) equilibria. First, the theory of one-locus models with two or multiple alleles is laid out. Then, mostly very recent, developments about multilocus models are presented. Finally, as an application, analysis and results of an explicit two-locus model emerging from speciation theory are highlighted.
Symphonic Poem #3 for Orchestra and Soprano (HARP)
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Music

description: This short work is one in a series of tone poems for symphony orchestra, written by the composer in late summer 2013. It is written in the tradition of similar works by Franz Liszt, Bedřich Smetana, Mikhail Glinka, and Sergei Rachmaninoff. The composer intended to compose 3 symphonic poems in this set, though may write more. The Symphonic Poem #3 was written for soprano and orchestra. (All parts to this work are available on Academic Commons).
On the Foundation of Statistical Mechanics under Experimentally Realistic Conditions: A Comparison between the Quantum and the Classical Case
Creators: name: Reimann, Peter
name: Evstigneev, Mykhaylo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Focusing on isolated macroscopic systems, described either in terms of a quantum mechanical or a classical model, our two key questions are: In how far does an initial ensemble (usually far from equilibrium and largely unknown in detail) evolve towards a stationary long-time behavior ("equilibration")? In how far is this steady state in agreement with the microcanonical ensemble as predicted by Statistical Mechanics ("thermalization")? In the first part of the paper, a recently developed quantum mechanical treatment of the problem is briefly summarized, putting particular emphasis on the realistic modeling of experimental measurements and non-equilibrium initial conditions. Within this framework, equilibration can be proven under very weak assumptions about those measurements and initial conditions, while thermalization still requires quite strong additional hypotheses. In the second part, an analogous approach within the framework of classical mechanics is developed and compared with the quantum case. In particular, the assumptions to guarantee classical equilibration are now rather strong, while thermalization then follows under relatively weak additional conditions.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1210.5821
Symphonic Poem #3 for Orchestra and Soprano (CONTRABASSOON)
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Music

description: This short work is one in a series of tone poems for symphony orchestra, written by the composer in late summer 2013. It is written in the tradition of similar works by Franz Liszt, Bedřich Smetana, Mikhail Glinka, and Sergei Rachmaninoff. The composer intended to compose 3 symphonic poems in this set, though may write more. The Symphonic Poem #3 was written for soprano and orchestra. (All parts to this work are available on Academic Commons).
Nitrogen enhancements 440 Myr after the Big Bang: super-solar N/O, a tidal disruption event or a dense stellar cluster in GN-z11?
Creators: name: Cameron, Alex J.
name: Katz, Harley
name: Rey, Martin P.
name: Saxena, Aayush
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations of GN-z11 with JWST/NIRSpec revealed numerous oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and helium emission lines at $z=10.6$. Using the measured line fluxes, we derive abundance ratios of individual elements within the interstellar medium (ISM) of this super-luminous galaxy. Driven by the unusually-bright NIII] $λ$1750 and NIV] $λ$1486 emission lines (and by comparison faint OIII] $λλ$1660, 1666 lines), our fiducial model prefers log(N/O)>-0.25, greater than four times solar and in stark contrast to lower-redshift star-forming galaxies. The derived log(C/O)>-0.78, ($\approx$30 % solar) is also elevated with respect to galaxies of similar metallicity (12+log(O/H)$\approx7.82$), although less at odds with lower-redshift measurements. Given the long timescale typically expected to enrich nitrogen with stellar winds, traditional scenarios require a very fine-tuned formation history to reproduce such an elevated N/O. We find no compelling evidence that nitrogen enhancement in GN-z11 can be explained by enrichment from metal-free Population III stars. Interestingly, yields from runaway stellar collisions in a dense stellar cluster or a tidal disruption event provide promising solutions to give rise to these unusual emission lines at $z=10.6$, and explain the resemblance between GN-z11 and a nitrogen-loud quasar. These recent observations showcase the new frontier opened by JWST to constrain galactic enrichment and stellar evolution within 440 Myr of the Big Bang.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, submitted to MNRAS
Probability of observing a number of unfolding events while stretching poly-proteins
Creators: name: Hermans, Rodolfo I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanical stretching of single poly-proteins is an emerging tool for the study of protein (un)folding, chemical catalysis and polymer physics at the single molecule level. The observed processes i.e unfolding or reduction events, are typically considered to be stochastic and by its nature are susceptible to be censored by the finite duration of the experiment. Here we develop a formal analytical and experimental description on the number of observed events under various conditions of practical interest. We provide a rule of thumb to define the experiment protocol duration. Finally we provide a methodology to accurately estimate the number of stretched molecules based on the number of observed unfolding events. Using this analysis on experimental data we conclude for the first time that poly-ubiquitin binds at a random position both to the substrate and to the pulling probe and that observing all the existing modules is the less likely event.
description: 5 Pages, 5 figures
Plasmonic nanoantennas as integrated coherent perfect absorbers on SOI waveguides for modulators and all-optical switches
Creators: name: Bruck, Roman
name: Muskens, Otto L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The performance of plasmonic nanoantenna structures on top of SOI wire waveguides as coherent perfect absorbers for modulators and all-optical switches is explored. The absorption, scattering, reflection and transmission spectra of gold and aluminum nanoantenna-loaded waveguides were calculated by means of 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations for single waves propagating along the waveguide, as well as for standing wave scenarios composed from two counterpropagating waves. The investigated configurations showed losses of roughly 1% and extinction ratios greater than 25 dB for modulator and switching applications, as well as plasmon effects such as strong field enhancement and localization in the nanoantenna region. The proposed plasmonic coherent perfect absorbers can be utilized for ultracompact all-optical switches in coherent networks as well as modulators and can find applications in sensing or in increasing nonlinear effects.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Symphonic Poem #3 for Orchestra and Soprano (SCORE)
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Music

description: This short work is one in a series of tone poems for symphony orchestra, written by the composer in late summer 2013. It is written in the tradition of similar works by Franz Liszt, Bedřich Smetana, Mikhail Glinka, and Sergei Rachmaninoff. The composer intended to compose 3 symphonic poems in this set, though may write more. The Symphonic Poem #3 was written for soprano and orchestra. (All parts to this work are available on Academic Commons).
Modeling Credit Spreads Using Nonlinear Regression
Creators: name: Mirkov, Radoslava
name: Maul, Thomas
name: Hochreiter, Ronald
name: Thomae, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The term structure of credit spreads is studied with an aim to predict its future movements. A completely new approach to tackle this problem is presented, which utilizes nonlinear parametric models. The Brain-Cousens regression model with five parameters is chosen to describe the term structure of credit spreads. Further, we investigate the dependence of the parameter changes over time and the determinants of credit spreads.
description: Poster presentation at IWSM 2013
Reflected entropy is not a correlation measure
Creators: name: Hayden, Patrick
name: Lemm, Marius
name: Sorce, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By explicit counterexample, we show that the "reflected entropy" defined by Dutta and Faulkner is not monotonically decreasing under partial trace, and so is not a measure of physical correlations. In fact, our counterexamples show that none of the Rényi reflected entropies $S_{R}^{(α)}$ for $0 < α< 2$ is a correlation measure; the usual reflected entropy is realized as the $α=1$ member of this family. The counterexamples are given by quantum states that correspond to classical probability distributions, so reflected entropy fails to measure correlations even at the classical level.
description: v1 is 4 pages long; v2 contains light edits to bring the preprint in line with the published version, and is 4.5 pages long
Homotopy solution to non-linear evolution for heavy nuclei
Creators: name: Contreras, Carlos
name: Levin, Eugene
name: Meneses, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper we suggest the homotopy method for solving of the non linear evolution equation. This method consists of two steps. First is the analytical solution for the linearized version of the non-linear evolution deep in the saturation region. Second, the perturbative procedure is suggested to take into account the remaining parts of the non-linear corrections. It turns out that these corrections are rather small and can be estimated in the regular iterative procedure.
description: 20pp and 5 figures in pdf files
Symphonic Poem #3 for Orchestra and Soprano (Bb TRUMPET)
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Music

description: This short work is one in a series of tone poems for symphony orchestra, written by the composer in late summer 2013. It is written in the tradition of similar works by Franz Liszt, Bedřich Smetana, Mikhail Glinka, and Sergei Rachmaninoff. The composer intended to compose 3 symphonic poems in this set, though may write more. The Symphonic Poem #3 was written for soprano and orchestra. (All parts to this work are available on Academic Commons).
Symphonic Poem #3 for Orchestra and Soprano (FLUTE)
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Music

description: This short work is one in a series of tone poems for symphony orchestra, written by the composer in late summer 2013. It is written in the tradition of similar works by Franz Liszt, Bedřich Smetana, Mikhail Glinka, and Sergei Rachmaninoff. The composer intended to compose 3 symphonic poems in this set, though may write more. The Symphonic Poem #3 was written for soprano and orchestra. (All parts to this work are available on Academic Commons).
Symphonic Poem #3 for Orchestra and Soprano (Bb CLARINET)
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Music

description: This short work is one in a series of tone poems for symphony orchestra, written by the composer in late summer 2013. It is written in the tradition of similar works by Franz Liszt, Bedřich Smetana, Mikhail Glinka, and Sergei Rachmaninoff. The composer intended to compose 3 symphonic poems in this set, though may write more. The Symphonic Poem #3 was written for soprano and orchestra. (All parts to this work are available on Academic Commons).
Data-Driven Learning of Large Causal Structures “QuICly” using Quotient Graphical Independence Models
Creators: name: Costanzo, John
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: In the era of big data, industry and public policy are able to make use of large amounts of data for policy decisions. The proliferation of cheap sensors and fast communicationenables policy makers to consider complex networks as a whole, using time series data from many sources to model the system. Of particular interest is a representationof the dependence of various time series on one another, the so-called “structure” of the system, which is not always known and needs to be learned from passively obtaineddata. The Input/Output structures of such systems are helpful in understanding how they work and designing new control laws. Such structures can be learned from passivelyobtained data as well, which is beneficial as it avoids the need to perform costly or risky experiments. When not all variables are measured, however, the Input/Outputstructure is no longer valid, and a new notion of structure needs to be developed. Such systems have an ancestral graph structure, but these are very large for dynamicalsystems and existing methods for learning ancestral graphs are infeasible when they have so many nodes. We note how existing methods for some related problems exhibitsimilar behavior in their treatment of irrelevant or redundant associations. Inspired by these methods, we present the Partial Quotient Graph model. We show when suchgraphs act as independence models and present the Quotient Inductive Causation—or “QuIC”—algorithm for learning them from data. The thesis concludes with some example implementations of QuIC, which we test on simulated dynamical systems. Where the systems we test have instantaneous causality or latent variables which cause prior methods to produce incorrect results, QuIC instead recovers the structures correctly.
Laser-plasma interactions for fast ignition
Creators: name: Kemp, A. J.
name: Fiuza, F.
name: Debayle, A.
name: Johzaki, T.
name: Mori, W. B.
name: Patel, P. K.
name: Sentoku, Y.
name: Silva, L. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the electron-driven fast-ignition approach to inertial confinement fusion, petawatt laser pulses are required to generate MeV electrons that deposit several tens of kilojoules in the compressed core of an imploded DT shell. We review recent progress in the understanding of intense laser plasma interactions (LPI) relevant to fast ignition. Increases in computational and modeling capabilities, as well as algorithmic developments have led to enhancement in our ability to perform multi-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of LPI at relevant scales. We discuss the physics of the interaction in terms of laser absorption fraction, the laser-generated electron spectra, divergence, and their temporal evolution. Scaling with irradiation conditions such as laser intensity are considered, as well as the dependence on plasma parameters. Different numerical modeling approaches and configurations are addressed, providing an overview of the modeling capabilities and limitations. In addition, we discuss the comparison of simulation results with experimental observables. In particular, we address the question of surrogacy of today's experiments for the full-scale fast ignition problem.
description: 48 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Nuclear Fusion
Four new X-ray-selected supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Maggi, P.
name: Haberl, F.
name: Kavanagh, P. J.
name: Points, S. D.
name: Dickel, J.
name: Bozzetto, L. M.
name: Sasaki, M.
name: Chu, Y. -H.
name: Gruendl, R. A.
name: Filipovic, M. D.
name: Pietsch, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We present a detailed multi-wavelength study of four new supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The objects were identified as SNR candidates in X-ray observations performed during the survey of the LMC with XMM-Newton. Methods: Data obained with XMM-Newton are used to investigate the morphological and spectral features of the remnants in X-rays. We measure the plasma conditions, look for supernova (SN) ejecta emission, and constrain some of the SNR properties (e.g. age and ambient density). We supplement the X-ray data with optical, infrared, and radio-continuum archival observations, which allow us to understand the conditions resulting in the current appearance of the remnants. Based on the spatially-resolved star formation history (SFH) of the LMC together with the X-ray spectra, we attempt to type the supernovae that created the remnants. Results: We confirm all four objects as SNRs, to which we assign the names MCSNR J0508-6830, MCSNR J0511-6759, MCSNR J0514-6840, and MCSNR J0517-6759. In the first two remnants, an X-ray bright plasma is surrounded by very faint [S II] emission. The emission from the central plasma is dominated by Fe L-shell lines, and the derived iron abundance is greatly in excess of solar. This establishes their type Ia (i.e. thermonuclear) SN origin. They appear to be more evolved versions of other Magellanic Cloud iron-rich SNRs which are centrally-peaked in X-rays. From the two other remnants (MCSNR J0514-6840 and MCSNR J0517-6759), we do not see ejecta emission. At all wavelengths at which they are detected, the local environment plays a key role in their observational appearance. We present evidence that MCSNR J0517-6759 is close to and interacting with a molecular cloud, suggesting a massive progenitor.
description: 19 pages, 10 colour Figures, 3 Tables; submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Polymer Complexation: Partially Ionizable Asymmetric Polyelectrolytes
Creators: name: Ghosh, Souradeep
name: Mitra, Soumik
name: Kundagrami, Arindam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies of the thermodynamics of complex coacervation of pairs of symmetric, strongly ionizable, oppositely charged polyelectrolyte chains are abundant. To generalize such understanding to asymmetric chain lengths and variable ionizability (chemical charge density), frequently observed in experiments, we present a theoretical framework to analyze the effective charge and size of the complex and the thermodynamics of complexation of two polyions as a function of such asymmetries. The free energy ensuing from the Edwards' Hamiltonian undergoes variational extremization, and explicitly accounts for the screened Coulomb and non-electrostatic interactions among monomers within individual polyions and between two polyions. Assuming maximal ion-pair formation of the complexed part, the system free energy comprising configurational entropy of the polyions and free-ion entropy of the small ions is minimized. The thermodynamic drive for complexation is found to increase with the ionizability of the symmetric polyions and to be maximum for symmetric chain lengths for equally ionizable polyions. The effective charge and size of the complex increase with asymmetry in charge density, where the size can be substantially larger than a collapsed globule found for symmetric chains. The regimes of enthalpy- and entropy-driven complexation are found, respectively, for low and high Coulomb strengths. The crossover strength is found to be strongly dependent on the dielectric environment and salt, but marginally dependent on the charge density, thus implying an entropy-driven process at moderate strengths. The key results match the trends in simulations and experiments, and are expected to provide insight for asymmetric complexation in real systems.
Symphonic Poem #3 for Orchestra and Soprano ('CELLI)
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Music

description: This short work is one in a series of tone poems for symphony orchestra, written by the composer in late summer 2013. It is written in the tradition of similar works by Franz Liszt, Bedřich Smetana, Mikhail Glinka, and Sergei Rachmaninoff. The composer intended to compose 3 symphonic poems in this set, though may write more. The Symphonic Poem #3 was written for soprano and orchestra. (All parts to this work are available on Academic Commons).
Sidelobe Modeling and Mitigation for a Three Mirror Anastigmat Cosmic Microwave Background Telescope
Creators: name: Gullett, Ian
name: Benson, Bradford
name: Besuner, Robert
name: Bihary, Richard
name: Carlstrom, John
name: Emerson, Nick
name: Gallardo, Patricio A.
name: Gomez, Jillian
name: King, Cesiley L.
name: Mcmahon, Jeff
name: May, Jared L.
name: Nagy, Johanna M.
name: Natoli, Tyler
name: Niemack, Michael D.
name: Okun, Kate
name: Padin, Stephen
name: Ruhl, John E.
name: Wollack, Edward J.
name: Zivick, Jeff
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Telescopes measuring cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization on large angular scales require exquisite control of systematic errors to ensure the fidelity of the cosmological results. In particular, far-sidelobe contamination from wide angle scattering is a potentially prominent source of systematic error for large aperture microwave telescopes. Here we describe and demonstrate a ray-tracing-based modeling technique to predict far sidelobes for a Three Mirror Anistigmat (TMA) telescope designed to observe the CMB from the South Pole. Those sidelobes are produced by light scattered in the receiver optics subsequently interacting with the walls of the surrounding telescope enclosure. After comparing simulated sidelobe maps and angular power spectra for different enclosure wall treatments, we propose a highly scattering surface that would provide more than an order of magnitude reduction in the degree-scale far-sidelobe contrast compared to a typical reflective surface. We conclude by discussing the fabrication of a prototype scattering wall panel and presenting measurements of its angular scattering profile.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Symphonic Poem #3 for Orchestra and Soprano (BASSOON)
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Music

description: This short work is one in a series of tone poems for symphony orchestra, written by the composer in late summer 2013. It is written in the tradition of similar works by Franz Liszt, Bedřich Smetana, Mikhail Glinka, and Sergei Rachmaninoff. The composer intended to compose 3 symphonic poems in this set, though may write more. The Symphonic Poem #3 was written for soprano and orchestra. (All parts to this work are available on Academic Commons).
From Learner to Leader: The International Student’s Journey of Intercultural Competence
Creators: name: Chamberlin, Lisa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Students, Foreign
subject: Intercultural communication
subject: intercultural competence
subject: international student
subject: global leader

description: This study follows the journey of international alumni from learning intercultural competence as students in a small, Midwestern university to using and teaching intercultural competence to others upon completion. The mixed-methods approach seeks first to identify the common experiences that international students have learning and using intercultural competence and then to highlight the unique stories of the participants gathered from interviews and written responses. The study concludes that challenges associated with learning intercultural competence are quite normal for international students, but also that these challenges move the students to a greater appreciation and understanding of cultural diversity. In many cases, the participants went on to greatly impact their social circles by both modeling and teaching others the skills that they learned during their studies in the U.S. The findings of this study further highlight the value of an international education at fostering cooperation and peace between people of diverse backgrounds.
Quantum teleportation from a telecom-wavelength photon to a solid-state quantum memory
Creators: name: Bussieres, Felix
name: Clausen, Christoph
name: Tiranov, Alexey
name: Korzh, Boris
name: Verma, Varun B.
name: Nam, Sae Woo
name: Marsili, Francesco
name: Ferrier, Alban
name: Goldner, Philippe
name: Herrmann, Harald
name: Silberhorn, Christine
name: Sohler, Wolfgang
name: Afzelius, Mikael
name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum teleportation, the state of a single quantum system is disembodied into classical information and purely quantum correlations, to be later reconstructed onto a second system that has never directly interacted with the first one. This counterintuitive phenomenon is a cornerstone of quantum information science due to its essential role in several important tasks such as the long-distance transmission of quantum information using quantum repeaters. In this context, a challenge of paramount importance is the distribution of entanglement between remote nodes, and to use this entanglement as a resource for long-distance light-to-matter quantum teleportation. Here we demonstrate quantum teleportation of the polarization state of a telecom-wavelength photon onto the state of a solid-state quantum memory. Entanglement is established between a rare-earth-ion doped crystal storing a single photon that is polarization-entangled with a flying telecom-wavelength photon. The latter is jointly measured with another flying qubit carrying the polarization state to be teleported, which heralds the teleportation. The fidelity of the polarization state of the photon retrieved from the memory is shown to be greater than the maximum fidelity achievable without entanglement, even when the combined distances travelled by the two flying qubits is 25 km of standard optical fibre. This light-to-matter teleportation channel paves the way towards long-distance implementations of quantum networks with solid-state quantum memories.
description: 5 pages (main text) + appendix (10 pages)
The Gravitational-Wave Discovery Space of Pulsar Timing Arrays
Creators: name: Cutler, Curt
name: Burke-Spolaor, Sarah
name: Vallisneri, Michele
name: Lazio, Joseph
name: Majid, Walid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent years have seen a burgeoning interest in using pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) as gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. To date, that interest has focused mainly on three particularly promising source types: supermassive--black-hole binaries, cosmic strings, and the stochastic background from early-Universe phase transitions. In this paper, by contrast, our aim is to investigate the PTA potential for discovering unanticipated sources. We derive significant constraints on the available discovery space based solely on energetic and statistical considerations: we show that a PTA detection of GWs at frequencies above ~3.e-5 Hz would either be an extraordinary coincidence or violate "cherished beliefs;" we show that for PTAs GW memory can be more detectable than direct GWs, and that, as we consider events at ever higher redshift, the memory effect increasingly dominates an event's total signal-to-noise ratio. The paper includes also a simple analysis of the effects of pulsar red noise in PTA searches, and a demonstration that the effects of periodic GWs in the 10^-8 -- 10^-4.5 Hz band would not be degenerate with small errors in standard pulsar parameters (except in a few narrow bands).
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, submitted to PRD
Zircon U-Pb Geochronology Links the End-Triassic Extinction with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province
Creators: name: Blackburn, Terence J.
name: Olsen, Paul E.
name: Bowring, Samuel A.
name: McLean, Noah M.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Puffer, John
name: McHone, Greg
name: Rasbury, E. Troy
name: Et-Touhami, Mohammed
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geophysics

description: The end-Triassic extinction is characterized by major losses in both terrestrial and marine diversity, setting the stage for dinosaurs to dominate Earth for the next 136 million years. Despite the approximate coincidence between this extinction and flood basalt volcanism, existing geochronologic dates have insufficient resolution to confirm eruptive rates required to induce major climate perturbations. Here, we present new zircon uranium-lead (U-Pb) geochronologic constraints on the age and duration of flood basalt volcanism within the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. This chronology demonstrates synchroneity between the earliest volcanism and extinction, tests and corroborates the existing astrochronologic time scale, and shows that the release of magma and associated atmospheric flux occurred in four pulses over about 600,000 years, indicating expansive volcanism even as the biologic recovery was under way.
On the shape of the mass-function of dense clumps in the Hi-GAL fields. II. Using Bayesian inference to study the clump mass function
Creators: name: Olmi, L.
name: Angles-Alcazar, D.
name: Elia, D.
name: Molinari, S.
name: Pestalozzi, M.
name: Pezzuto, S.
name: Schisano, E.
name: Testi, L.
name: Thompson, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Stars form in dense, dusty clumps of molecular clouds, but little is known about their origin, their evolution and their detailed physical properties. In particular, the relationship between the mass distribution of these clumps (also known as the "clump mass function", or CMF) and the stellar initial mass function (IMF), is still poorly understood. Aims. In order to better understand how the CMF evolve toward the IMF, and to discern the "true" shape of the CMF, large samples of bona-fide pre- and proto-stellar clumps are required. Two such datasets obtained from the Herschel infrared GALactic Plane Survey (Hi-GAL) have been described in paper I. Robust statistical methods are needed in order to infer the parameters describing the models used to fit the CMF, and to compare the competing models themselves. Methods. In this paper we apply Bayesian inference to the analysis of the CMF of the two regions discussed in Paper I. First, we determine the Bayesian posterior probability distribution for each of the fitted parameters. Then, we carry out a quantitative comparison of the models used to fit the CMF. Results. We have compared the results from several methods implementing Bayesian inference, and we have also analyzed the impact of the choice of priors and the influence of various constraints on the statistical conclusions for the preferred values of the parameters. We find that both parameter estimation and model comparison depend on the choice of parameter priors. Conclusions. Our results confirm our earlier conclusion that the CMFs of the two Hi-GAL regions studied here have very similar shapes but different mass scales. Furthermore, the lognormal model appears to better describe the CMF measured in the two Hi-GAL regions studied here. However, this preliminary conclusion is dependent on the choice of parameters priors.
description: Submitted for publication to A&A on November 12, 2013. This paper contains 11 pages and 7 figures
Exchange-Driven Intermixing of Bulk and Topological Surface State by Chiral Excitons in Bi2Se3
Creators: name: Hou, Bowen
name: Wang, Dan
name: Barker, Bradford A.
name: Qiu, Diana Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological surface states (TSS) in the prototypical topological insulator (TI) Bi2Se3 are frequently characterized using optical probes, but electron-hole interactions and their effect on surface localization and optical response of the TSS remain unexplored. Here, we use ab initio calculations to understand excitonic effects in the bulk and surface of Bi2Se3. We identify multiple series of chiral excitons that exhibit both bulk and TSS character, due to exchange-driven mixing. Our results address fundamental questions about the degree to which electron-hole interactions can relax the topological protection of surface states and dipole selection rules for circularly polarized light in TIs by elucidating the complex intermixture of bulk and surface states excited in optical measurements and their coupling to light.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Ice Sheet Collapse Following a Prolonged Period of Stable Sea Level during the Last Interglacial
Creators: name: O’Leary, Michael J.
name: Hearty, Paul J.
name: Thompson, William G.
name: Raymo, Maureen E.
name: Mitrovica, Jerry X.
name: Webster, Jody M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Chemical oceanography
Geomorphology

description: During the last interglacial period, 127–116 kyr ago, global mean sea level reached a peak of 5–9 m above present-day sea level. However, the exact timing and magnitude of ice sheet collapse that contributed to the sea-level highstand is unclear. Here we explore this timing using stratigraphic and geomorphic mapping and uranium-series geochronology of fossil coral reefs and geophysical modelling of sea-level records from Western Australia. We show that between 127 and 119 kyr ago, eustatic sea level remained relatively stable at about 3–4 m above present sea level. However, stratigraphically younger fossil corals with U-series ages of 118.1±1.4 kyr are observed at elevations of up to 9.5 m above present mean sea level. Accounting for glacial isostatic adjustment and localized tectonics, we conclude that eustatic sea level rose to about 9 m above present at the end of the last interglacial. We suggest that in the last few thousand years of the interglacial, a critical ice sheet stability threshold was crossed, resulting in the catastrophic collapse of polar ice sheets and substantial sea-level rise.
An Unknown Exegete: Uncovering the Biblical Theology of Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Creators: name: Elia, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Religion--Philosophy
British literature
Irish literature

description: The present essay provides a survey of a previously unexplored, formative period in the life of the famed Victorian English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning (EBB). Her personal Bibles (Hebrew, LXX, and Greek New Testament), held in The Burke Library at Union Theological Seminary/Columbia University, have been discovered to contain Barrett Browning’s own extensive handwritten notes. These notes demonstrate that EBB read extensively among the biblical exegetes and scholars of the day, many of whom influenced her reading of the text. The essay considers the life circumstances in which she devoted herself to these studies, an overview of her marginalia in these volumes, and some suggestions on how Browning’s biblical studies may have influenced her later poetic works.
Explaining the [CII]158um Deficit in Luminous Infrared Galaxies - First Results from a Herschel/PACS Study of the GOALS Sample
Creators: name: Diaz-Santos, T.
name: Armus, L.
name: Charmandaris, V.
name: Stierwalt, S.
name: Murphy, E. J.
name: Haan, S.
name: Inami, H.
name: Malhotra, S.
name: Meijerink, R.
name: Stacey, G.
name: Petric, A. O.
name: Evans, A. S.
name: Veilleux, S.
name: van der Werf, P. P.
name: Lord, S.
name: Lu, N.
name: Howell, J. H.
name: Appleton, P.
name: Mazzarella, J. M.
name: Surace, J. A.
name: Xu, C. K.
name: Schulz, B.
name: Sanders, D. B.
name: Bridge, C.
name: Chan, B. H. P.
name: Frayer, D. T.
name: Iwasawa, K.
name: Melbourne, J.
name: Sturm, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results of a survey of the [CII]158um emission line in 241 luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) comprising the Great Observatories All-sky Survey (GOALS) sample, obtained with the PACS instrument on board Herschel. The [CII] luminosities of the LIRGs in GOALS range from ~10^7 to 2x10^9 Lsun. We find that LIRGs show a tight correlation of [CII]/FIR with far-IR flux density ratios, with a strong negative trend spanning from ~10^-2 to 10^-4, as the average temperature of dust increases. We find correlations between the [CII]/FIR ratio and the strength of the 9.7um silicate absorption feature as well as with the luminosity surface density of the mid-IR emitting region (Sigma_MIR), suggesting that warmer, more compact starbursts have substantially smaller [CII]/FIR ratios. Pure star-forming (SF) LIRGs have a mean [CII]/FIR ~ 4x10^-3, while galaxies with low 6.2um PAH equivalent widths (EWs), indicative of the presence of active galactic nuclei (AGN), span the full range in [CII]/FIR. However, we show that even when only pure SF galaxies are considered, the [CII]/FIR ratio drops by an order of magnitude, from 10^-2 to 10^-3, with Sigma_MIR and Sigma_IR, implying that the [CII] luminosity is not a good indicator of the star formation rate (SFR) for most LIRGs, for it does not scale linearly with the warm dust emission. Moreover, even in LIRGs in which we detect an AGN in the mid-IR, the majority (2/3) of galaxies show [CII]/FIR >= 10^-3 typical of high 6.2um PAH EW sources, suggesting that most AGNs do not contribute significantly to the far-IR emission. We provide an empirical relation between the [CII]/FIR and the specific SFR (SSFR) for SF LIRGs. Finally, we present predictions for the starburst size based on the observed [CII] and far-IR luminosities which should be useful for comparing with results from future surveys of high-redshift galaxies with ALMA and CCAT.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Table 1 will be available in the electronic version of the paper and also soon at http://goals.ipac.caltech.edu
Abrupt Shifts in Horn of Africa Hydroclimate Since the Last Glacial Maximum
Creators: name: Tierney, Jessica Erin
name: DeMenocal, Peter B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Hydrology
Climatic changes

description: The timing and abruptness of the initiation and termination of the Early Holocene African Humid Period are subjects of ongoing debate, with direct consequences for our understanding of abrupt climate change, paleoenvironments, and early human cultural development. Here, we provide proxy evidence from the Horn of Africa region that documents abrupt transitions into and out of the African Humid Period in northeast Africa. Similar and generally synchronous abrupt transitions at other East African sites suggest that rapid shifts in hydroclimate are a regionally coherent feature. Our analysis suggests that the termination of the African Humid Period in the Horn of Africa occurred within centuries, underscoring the nonlinearity of the region’s hydroclimate.
Interlaboratory Comparison of Boron Isotope Analyses of Boric Acid, Seawater and Marine CaCO3 by MC-ICPMS and NTIMS
Creators: name: Foster, Gavin L.
name: Hoenisch, Baerbel
name: Paris, Guillaume
name: Dwyer, Gary S.
name: Rae, James W. B.
name: Elliott, Tim
name: Gaillardet, Jérôme
name: Hemming, N. Gary
name: Louvat, Pascale
name: Vengosh, Avner
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Geology

description: In this study we make the first attempt to inter-calibrate boron isotope (δ11B) measurements on marine biogenic carbonates measured by four different laboratories, each using a different analytical technique. The importance of such calibrations lies in the major implications of relatively small changes in δ11B (less than 2‰), which are typical of palaeoclimate applications of the δ11B-pH proxy. Despite the variety of mass spectrometric techniques used by the different laboratories in this study (two variants of negative ion thermal ionisation mass spectrometry and two variants of multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), for samples without a complex sample matrix, such as boric acid, there are no significant interlaboratory biases: the pooled 2sd of these samples is 0.39‰, which is within the measurement uncertainties reported by each laboratory (which range between 0.18 and 0.80‰). For seawater, a common in-house reference material, we find a similarly good agreement (δ11B = 39.65 ± 0.41‰, 2sd) despite four different sample preparation procedures. Reported δ11B for calcium carbonate samples have a pooled 2sd of 1.46‰, which is larger than the measurement uncertainty reported by each laboratory. We have attempted to identify the source of this interlaboratory variability, and find that overall sample size (in terms of available B) and B/Ca ratio (i.e. amount of boron relative to matrix) may play a role, but the exact mechanisms remain uncertain. Observed variations in reported δ11B for the CaCO3 samples are, however, relatively systematic for each laboratory for a given sample matrix (i.e. similar B/Ca and amount of boron for analysis). This implies that relative differences in δ11B in a sample set of a given matrix can be reconstructed by the four laboratories involved in this study more accurately than the absolute boron isotope ratios.