cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Chemical Nature of the Young 120-Myr-old Nearby Pisces-Eridanus Stellar Stream Flowing through the Galactic Disk
Creators: name: Hawkins, Keith
name: Lucey, Madeline
name: Curtis, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a new cylindrical-shaped stream of stars up to 700 pc long was discovered hiding in the Galactic disk using kinematic data enabled by the Gaia mission. This stream of stars, dubbed Pisces-Eridanus (Psc-Eri), was initially thought to be as old as 1 Gyr, yet its stars shared a rotation period distribution consistent with a population that was 120-Myr-old. Here, we explore the detailed chemical nature of this stellar stream. We carried out high-resolution spectroscopic follow-up of 42 Psc-Eri stars using McDonald Observatory, and combined these data with information for 40 members observed with the low-resolution LAMOST spectroscopic survey. Together, these data enabled us to measure the abundance distribution of light/odd-Z (Li, Na, Al, Sc, V), $α$ (Mg, Si, Ca, Ti), Fe-peak (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn), and neutron capture (Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Nd, Eu) elements along the Psc-Eri stream. We find that the stream is (1) near solar metallicity with [Fe/H] = -0.03~dex and (2) has a metallicity spread of 0.07~dex (or 0.04 dex when outliers are excluded). We also find that (3) the abundance of Li indicates that Psc-Eri is $\sim$120 Myr old, consistent with its gyrochronology age. Additionally, Psc-Eri has (4) [X/Fe] abundance spreads which are just larger than the typical uncertainty in most elements, (5) it is a cylindrical-like system whose outer edges rotate about the center and, (6) no significant abundance gradients along its major axis except a potentially weak gradient in [Si/Fe]. These results show that Psc-Eri is a uniquely close, young, chemically interesting laboratory for testing our understanding of star and planet formation.
description: 13 Pages, 12 Figures, 3 Tables. Accepted for Publication in MNRAS
THE MARKETING OF LIVESTOCK IN SOUTH AFRICA'S DEVELOPING AREAS: A CASE STUDY OF THE ROLE OF SPECULATORS, AUCTIONEERS, BUTCHERS AND PRIVATE BUYERS IN LEBOWA.
Die bemarking van lewende hawe in die minder-ontwikkelde gebiede van Suid-Afrika: 'n Gevallestudie van die rol van veespekulante, afslaers, slagters en privaat kopers in Lebowa
Creators: name: Nkosi, S. A.
name: Kirsten, J. F.
name: Nkosi, S. A.
name: Kirsten, J. F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The importance of livestock in rural households is well known and their role in the households well documented. Despite the important social and cultural value of livestock, especially cattle, there is a growing tendency amongst rural households to sell livestock. This paper is based on research into livestock marketing in developing areas. The research investigates the reasons for selling and marketing channels used by rural households. This paper specifically considers the role of speculators, auctioneers and butchers in the marketing of livestock in developing areas. The increasing popularity of private sales is discussed and analyzed. These different outlets serve as the major marketing channels for livestock producers in developing areas. In marketing their livestock through the different channels, farmers experience a range of problems and constraints. The paper analyses these constraints and complaints and also shows how these affect the fanners' choice of a particular marketing outlet. The paper emphasises that farmers do not have access to market information, i.e. current prices, supply, etc., while auctioneers, the limited buyers at auctions and the speculators do have access to market information. It is therefore concluded that the marketing of livestock in developing areas can be improved through addressing the various problems in the different marketing channels as well as through providing farmers with sufficient market information. This will enable farmers to make informed choices in the marketing of their livestock.
title: The B cell response to Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi malaria in the mouse model
Creators: name: Achtman, Ariel H.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2004

description: This thesis characterises the B cell response of C57BL/6 mice after infection with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS) with regard to plasma cell longevity, B cell memory and the specific response to part of the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1 21), an antigen involved in protection against malaria. Infected spleens showed massive but reversible disruption of the white pulp architecture around the peak of infection. Nevertheless, strong plasma cell and germinal centre responses were detected along with atypical plasma cell location and apparent involvement of marginal zone B cells. The MSP-1 21-specific B cell response to primary infection did not display any obvious abnormalities at the cellular level. The longevity of protection was assessed in the presence and absence of parasites. P. c. chabaudi parasites persisted for 2-3 months after infection. A single infection mediated protection in form of reduced parasitaemias for up to 9 months. When mice were reinfected after 2.5 months but not later, the presence of parasites from the primary infection led to an additional reduction. This can be attributed to cooperation between effector and memory cells. MSP-1 21-specific IgG levels were measured in primary and secondary infections and during the intervening period. Plasma levels of IgG against MSP-1 21 and crude malarial extract drop significantly between 1 and 2. 5 months post infection and then remain constant, suggesting that Plasmodium-specific plasma IgG levels are maintained by long-lived plasma cells independent of parasite presence or absence after day 30. However, MSP-1 21-specific memory B cell generation, maintenance or reactivation appears to be reduced in the presence of parasites albeit with increased affinity maturation. Primary and secondary antibody responses to MSP-1 21 develop more slowly than antibody responses observed in other infections, suggesting that despite the strong B cell response during primary infection with malaria, there is an impairment of the B cell response at some level.
Education programs in the LFS Orchard Garden and Agora Café : creating a survey for Think&EatGreen@School Summer Institute
Creators: name: Chang, Candy
name: Dobson, Tannis
name: Kwok, Dorothy
name: Perrin, Jenn
name: Tse, Miranda
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The Think&EatGreen@School project is developing a Summer Institute, a three-day seminar that provides teachers with a professional development opportunity to learn how to strengthen the connections between components of the food system within their schools. The goal of this project was to design a survey that will determine what kind of workshops should be implemented into the Summer Institute that will help to provide teachers with ideas and resources for garden based professional development. A literature review was first conducted by using Designing Surveys: a guide to decisions and procedures by Ronald Czaja and Johnny Blair. Information was then collected using various websites, including thinkeatgreen.ca as our primary source. While developing the survey, we were mindful to keep the questions succinct, to minimize the use of open-ended questions, negative connotations and leading questions, and to use universal language. The completion of the final survey came after extensive revising and countless editing. The online survey software SurveyMonkey was first used but because a subscription was required for surveys exceeding ten questions, we were advised by the LFS IT department to use the Google spreadsheet program instead. This turned out to be a good option as it automatically interprets and analyzes the survey questions. One limitation of using the Google survey is that we are unsure if the format complies with the ethics regulations compliance for distribution; therefore we recommend that our stakeholders deal with this issue accordingly. To future LFS students, we recommend following our methods for creating a survey as they were successful for this project. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
The significance of the largest scale CMB fluctuations in WMAP
Creators: name: de Oliveira-Costa, Angelica
name: Tegmark, Max
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
name: Hamilton, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate anomalies reported in the Cosmic Microwave Background maps from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite on very large angular scales and discuss possible interpretations. Three independent anomalies involve the quadrupole and octopole: 1. The cosmic quadrupole on its own is anomalous at the 1-in-20 level by being low (the cut-sky quadrupole measured by the WMAP team is more strikingly low, apparently due to a coincidence in the orientation of our Galaxy of no cosmological significance); 2. The cosmic octopole on its own is anomalous at the 1-in-20 level by being very planar; 3. The alignment between the quadrupole and octopole is anomalous at the 1-in-60 level. Although the a priori chance of all three occurring is 1 in 24000, the multitude of alternative anomalies one could have looked for dilutes the significance of such a posteriori statistics. The simplest small universe model where the universe has toroidal topology with one small dimension of order half the horizon scale, in the direction towards Virgo, could explain the three items above. However, we rule this model out using two topological tests: the S-statistic and the matched circle test.
description: N.B. that our results do not rule out the recently proposed dodecahedron model of Luminet, Weeks, Riazuelo, Lehoucq & Uzan, which has a 36 degree twist between matched circles. 12 pages, 5 figs; more info at http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~angelica/topology.html
Measurement-based cooling of a nonlinear mechanical resonator
Creators: name: Puebla, Ricardo
name: Abah, Obinna
name: Paternostro, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose two measurement-based schemes to cool a nonlinear mechanical resonator down to energies close to that of its ground state. The protocols rely on projective measurements of a spin degree of freedom, which interacts with the resonator through a Jaynes-Cummings interaction. We show the performance of these cooling schemes, that can be either concatenated -- i.e. built by repeating a sequence of dynamical evolutions followed by projective measurements -- or single-shot. We characterize the performance of both cooling schemes with numerical simulations, and pinpoint the effects of decoherence and noise mechanisms. Due to the ubiquity and experimental relevance of the Jaynes-Cummings model, we argue that our results can be applied in a variety of experimental setups.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
ROTAVIRUS VACCINE CHALLENGES IN SOUTH SUDAN .docx
Creators: name: Wutchok, Majok
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111704 Community Child Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Diseases
subject: Health Care
subject: 111709 Health Care Administration
subject: 111712 Health Promotion
subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: 111711 Health Information Systems (incl. Surveillance)
subject: 110801 Medical Bacteriology
subject: 110802 Medical Infection Agents (incl. Prions)
subject: 111717 Primary Health Care
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: This paper is purely a literature review which discuss fundamental challenges facing South Sudan in delivering Rotavirus vaccines.
title: Magma Convective Recharge In Volcanic Systems
Creators: name: Aderson, Samantha J. N.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2004

description: Active lava lakes are not a common phenomenon. Some, such as those found on Kilauea and Erta ‘Ale, have stayed active for decades. Remote sensing investigations (Harris et al., 1999; Allard, 1997; Francis et al., 1993) have measured the volatile fluxes from the lava lakes and found that their fluxes were persistently high. Several suggestions have been put forward to explain this. One explanation is that there are large volatile-rich magma bodies at a shallow depth steadily releasing the volatiles. Studies using other geophysical methods such as gravity and seismics have generally not found these bodies (Francis et al., 1993; Allard, 1997). Another suggestion is that volatile-rich magma is constantly being brought up to the surface convectively and when the volatiles have been released the cooler, denser magma sinks allowing replenishment with fresh magma. This is a possible explanation of the longevity of this volcanic feature, but it is not only lava lakes that appear to exhibit this behaviour. There are dykes in places such as Mount Etna that have remained active much longer than expected.

 This study will examine this process using contrasting modelling techniques. The first technique involves finite element models to investigate the factors controlling cooling in dykes. The second technique involves using the results of mathematical modelling to design an analogue model in order to study heat distribution within a lava lake - conduit - magma chamber system.
Imprint of Inhomogeneous Reionization on the Power Spectrum of Galaxy Surveys at High Redshifts
Creators: name: Babich, Daniel
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effects of inhomogeneous reionization on the distribution of galaxies at high redshifts. Modulation of the formation process of the ionizing sources by large scale density modes makes reionization inhomogeneous and introduces a spread to the reionization times of different regions with the same size. After sources photo-ionize and heat these regions to a temperature $\ga 10^4$K at different times, their temperatures evolve as the ionized intergalactic medium (IGM) expands. The varying IGM temperature makes the minimum mass of galaxies spatially non-uniform with a fluctuation amplitude that increases towards small scales. These scale-dependent fluctuations modify the shape of the power spectrum of low-mass galaxies at high redshifts in a way that depends on the history of reionization. The resulting distortion of the primordial power spectrum is significantly larger than changes associated with uncertainties in the inflationary parameters, such as the spectral index of the scalar power spectrum or the running of the spectral index. Future surveys of high-redshift galaxies will offer a new probe of the thermal history of the IGM but might have a more limited scope in constraining inflation.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, replaced to match version accepted by ApJ
Price Discovery and the Basis Effects of Failures to Converge in Soft RedWinter Wheat Futures Markets
Creators: name: Karali, Berna
name: McNew, Kevin
name: Thurman, Walter N.
name: Karali, Berna
name: McNew, Kevin
name: Thurman, Walter N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: cash price
subject: convergence
subject: delivery
subject: grains

description: Wheat futures contracts failed to converge to spot prices at delivery locations in 2008–2009. By analyzing basis at nondelivery locations surrounding this episode, we study the spatial pattern of failures to converge. We find that basis fell as distance from delivery location increased and remained tightly connected to basis at the delivery location during the nonconvergence episodes. This finding is uniform throughout the delivery zone. We conclude that nonconvergence did not affect the economic relationship between delivery and nondelivery locations’ spot prices but only affected the connection between futures prices and spot prices.
Impacts of Changes in Market Fundamentals and Price Momentum on Hedging Live Cattle
Creators: name: Coffey, Brian K.
name: Tonsor, Glynn T.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Coffey, Brian K.
name: Tonsor, Glynn T.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: basis
subject: CME Live Cattle Contract
subject: risk management

description: Basis prediction errors for live cattle in the five major Mandatory Livestock Price Reporting areas are analyzed to determine how shifts in the live cattle market fundamentals and contemporaneous market conditions, including price momentum, impact ability to hedge. Results reveal that thinness of the negotiated cash market, weight of cattle marketed, and contemporaneous factors statistically impact basis prediction errors. Impacts vary across region. Volatility in cost of gain and delivery costs have greater effects on basis prediction error than do market trends.
Dermacentor nitens Neumann 1897
Creators: name: Basu, A. K.
name: Basu, M.
name: Adesiyun, A. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Ixodida
Ixodidae
Dermacentor
Dermacentor nitens

description: Dermacentor nitens
 Smith (1974) and Rawlins (1977) recorded D. nitens from equines in Trinidad.
 Dermacentor nitens is known to transmit Babesia caballi (Equine babesiosis) (Jongejan and Uilenberg 2004). Asgarali et al. (2007) investigated 93 horses in Trinidad for serum antibodies to Theileria equi and Babesia caballi using an immunofluorescent antibody test and found 77 to be seropositive. However, the authors did not study the transmitted agents. Earlier, Floch and Fauman (1958) confirmed the presence of the tick, D. nitens, in Trinidad. Very recently, Georges (2010) diagnosed some tick-transmitted haemopathogens (Anaplasma platys, Babesia canis vogeli, B. caballi, Theileria equi) in companion animals using molecular tools.
Distribution: throughout the West Indies, Central America, Bolivia, Brazil (Cruz 2001).
description: Published as part of Basu, A. K., Basu, M. & Adesiyun, A. A., 2012, A Review On Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae, Argasidae), Associated Pathogens And Diseases Of Trinidad And Tobago, pp. 39-50 in Acarologia 52 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20122034, http://zenodo.org/record/4667077
Al Qaeda and the Islamic State's break : strategic strife or lackluster leadership?
Creators: name: Bacon, Tricia
name: Arsenault, Elizabeth Grimm
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law

description: Employing counterfactuals to assess individual and systemic explanations for the split between Al Qaeda and the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), this article concludes that individual leaders factor greatly into terrorist alliance outcomes. Osama bin Laden was instrumental in keeping Al Qaeda and ISIS allied as he prioritized unity and handled internal disputes more deftly than his successor, Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri. Although a troubled alliance, strategic differences between Al Qaeda and ISIS were not sufficient to cause the split. Rather, the capabilities of Al Qaeda's leader determined the group's ability to prevent alliance ruptures.
$f(\mathcal{R},φ,χ)$ Cosmology with Noether Symmetry
Creators: name: Shamir, M. Farasat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to explore modified $f(\mathcal{R})$ theories of gravity using Noether symmetry approach. For this purpose, Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetime is chosen to investigate the cosmic evolution. The study is mainly divided into two parts: Firstly Noether symmetries of metric $f(\mathcal{R})$ gravity are revisited and some new class of solutions with the help of conserved quantities are reported. It is shown that different scenarios of cosmic evolution can be discussed using Noether symmetries and one of the case indicates the chances for the existence of Big Rip singularity. Secondly, $f(\mathcal{R})$ theory coupled with scalar field has been discussed in detail. The Noether equations of modified gravity are reported with three subcases for flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. It is concluded that conserved quantities are quite helpful to find some important exact solutions in the cosmological contexts. Moreover, the scalar field involved in the modified gravity plays a vital role in the cosmic evolution and an accelerated expansion phase can be observed for some suitable choices of $f(\mathcal{R},φ,χ)$ gravity models.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Nonlinear Realization of Supersymmetry and Superconformal Symmetry
Creators: name: Clark, T. E.
name: Love, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear realizations describing the spontaneous breakown of supersymmetry and R symmetry are constructed using the Goldstino and R axion fields. The associated R current, supersymmetry current and energy-momentum tensor are shown to be related under the nonlinear supersymmetry transformations. Nonlinear realizations of the superconformal algebra carried by these degrees of freedom are also displayed. The divergences of the R and dilatation currents are related to the divergence of the superconformal currents through nonlinear supersymmetry transformations which in turn relates the explicit breakings of these symmetries.
description: 22 pages, LaTeX
Sweet Sorghum as Feedstock in Great Plains Corn Ethanol Plants: The Role of Biofuel Policy
Creators: name: Perrin, Richard
name: Fulginiti, Lilyan
name: Bairagi, Subir
name: Dweikat, Ismail
name: Perrin, Richard
name: Fulginiti, Lilyan
name: Bairagi, Subir
name: Dweikat, Ismail
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: RFS2
subject: RIN prices
subject: sweet sorghum syrup

description: This research examines whether sweet sorghum, a crop considered more drought-tolerant and suitable for semi-arid areas than corn, could result in an economically viable sweet sorghum ethanol pathway in the Great Plains. We find that that if the D5–D6 RIN price spread exceeds the $0.35/gal recently experienced, the benefits of the pathway would be equivalent to about $90/acre of sweet sorghum, or $0.38/gal of ethanol. Because of sparse cultivation potential, only four the six existing plants in the Nebraska–Colorado High Plains area might expect transportation costs to be low enough for economic feasibility.
Manipulating patterns of dynamic deformation elicits the impression of cloth with varying stiffness
Creators: name: Bi, Wenyan
name: Jin, Peiran
name: Nienborg, Hendrikje
name: Xiao, Bei
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Cloth is a common material and humans can visually estimate its mechanical properties by observing how it deforms under external forces. Here we ask whether, and how, dynamic deformation can affect the perception of mechanical properties of cloth. In Experiment 1, we find that both intrinsic mechanical properties and optical properties affect stiffness perception when the stimuli are presented as images. By contrast, in videos, humans can partially discount the effect of optical appearances and exhibit higher sensitivity to stiffness. We further identified an idiosyncratic deformation pattern (i.e., movement uniformity) to differentiate stiffness, which can be reliably measured by six optical flow features. In Experiment 2, we isolate the deformation by creating dynamic dot stimuli from the 3D mesh of the cloth. We directly alter the movement pattern by manipulating the uniformity of the displacement vectors on the dot stimuli, and show that changing the pattern of dynamic deformation alone can alter the perceived stiffness of cloth in a variety of scene set-ups. Furthermore, by analyzing optical flow fields extracted from the manipulated dynamic dot stimuli, we confirmed the same six optical flow features can be diagnostic of the degree of stiffness of moving cloth across different scenes. Overall, our study demonstrates that manipulating patterns of dynamic deformation alone can elicit the impression of cloth with varying stiffness, suggesting that human visual system might rely on the idiosyncratic pattern of dynamic deformation for estimating stiffness.
Topological sectors for heterotic M5-brane charges under Hypothesis H
Creators: name: Roberts, David Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Assuming Fiorenza-Sati-Schreiber's Hypothesis H, on the charge quantization of M-theory's $C$-field, the topological sectors of the resulting $String^{c_2}(4)$-valued higher gauge theory on a heterotic M5-brane are classified by homotopy classes of maps from the worldvolume $Σ_{M5}$ to $BString^{c_2}(4)$. This note calculates the sectors in a number of examples of M5-brane topology, including examples considered in the 3d-3d correspondence, the emergence of skyrmions from higher-dimensional instantons and Witten's analysis of the S-duality of 4d Yang-Mills theory.
description: 16 pages; accepted version, some additional discussion
Schooling, identity, and belonging in a Tamil Lutheran congregation
Creators: name: Burkhart, Geoffrey L.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Based on fieldwork in 1983 with a congregation of the Arcot Lutheran Church in a Tamil Nadu town, I focus on self-representations of Christian identity in speech and action in local activities. Many Lutherans, themselves converts or from families who converted in recent generations, originated in oppressed Dalit castes. The histories of most are tied to the Danish Mission Society’s early establishment of village schools. Anomalous in the 1980s, however, was the fact that the growth of a social justice movement, based in Dalit consciousness and strongly emergent among Dalit Christians elsewhere, was little evident in the local congregation. I show how the context of this stance is related to the aim and modes of social betterment of individuals, families, and their social circles which was facilitated by educational opportunities provided by mission and church.
Levodopa Inhalation Powder: A Review in Parkinson’s Disease
Creators: name: Paik, Julia
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Compliance with Ethical Standards
 Disclosure: The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.
Conflicts of interest: Julia Paik is a salaried employee of Adis/Springer, is responsible for the article content and declares no relevant conflicts of interest.
Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here
AbstractLevodopa inhalation powder (Inbrija®) is approved for the intermittent treatment of OFF episodes in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) treated with levodopa/dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor (LD-DCI) in the EU and specifically with carbidopa/levodopa in the USA. The approved dosage is 84 mg taken as needed up to five times a day. Administered via a breath-actuated inhaler, this formulation enables levodopa to bypass the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and, instead, rapidly enter the bloodstream through the pulmonary system. In the 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III SPAN-PD trial, as-needed levodopa inhalation powder 84 mg improved motor symptoms during OFF periods in PD patients (aged 30–86 years) treated with levodopa and carbidopa or benserazide. The likelihood of achieving an ON state 60 min postdose was significantly higher in the levodopa inhalation powder than the placebo group, with most patients in the levodopa inhalation powder group experiencing improvements in PD symptoms. Findings from longer-term, 52-week phase III studies were consistent with those from the SPAN-PD trial with regards to the treatment of OFF episodes. Levodopa inhalation powder was generally well tolerated and did not noticeably affect pulmonary function in PD patients. Providing a nonintrusive, convenient treatment method, levodopa inhalation powder is a promising option for the intermittent treatment of OFF episodes in patients with PD treated with a LD-DCI.

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
O-plane couplings at order $α'^2$: one R-R field strength
Creators: name: Mashhadi, Mahboube
name: Garousi, Mohammad R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that the anomalous Chern-Simons (CS) coupling of O$_p$-plane is not consistent with the T-duality transformations. Compatibility of this coupling with the T-duality requires the inclusion of couplings involving one R-R field strength. In this paper we find such couplings at order $α'^2$. By requiring the R-R and NS-NS gauge invariances, we first find all independent couplings at order $α'^2$. There are $1,\, 6,\,28,\,20,\, 19,\, 2$ couplings corresponding to the R-R field strengths $F^{(p-4)}$, $\,F^{(p-2)}$, $\,F^{(p)}$, $\,F^{(p+2)}$, $\,F^{(p+4)}$ and $F^{(p+6)}$, respectively. We then impose the T-duality constraint on these couplings and on the CS coupling $C^{(p-3)}\wedge R\wedge R$ at order $α'^2$ to fix their corresponding coefficients. The T-duality constraint fixes all coefficients in terms of the CS coefficient. They are fully consistent with the partial couplings that have been already found in the literature by the S-matrix method.
description: 30 pages, Latex file, no figure;v2 a mistake corrected, some comments added, the version appears in JHEP
Manipulating patterns of dynamic deformation elicits the impression of cloth with varying stiffness
Creators: name: Bi, Wenyan
name: Jin, Peiran
name: Nienborg, Hendrikje
name: Xiao, Bei
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: Cloth is a common material and humans can visually estimate its mechanical properties by observing how it deforms under external forces. Here we ask whether, and how, dynamic deformation can affect the perception of mechanical properties of cloth. In Experiment 1, we find that both intrinsic mechanical properties and optical properties affect stiffness perception when the stimuli are presented as images. By contrast, in videos, humans can partially discount the effect of optical appearances and exhibit higher sensitivity to stiffness. We further identified an idiosyncratic deformation pattern (i.e., movement uniformity) to differentiate stiffness, which can be reliably measured by six optical flow features. In Experiment 2, we isolate the deformation by creating dynamic dot stimuli from the 3D mesh of the cloth. We directly alter the movement pattern by manipulating the uniformity of the displacement vectors on the dot stimuli, and show that changing the pattern of dynamic deformation alone can alter the perceived stiffness of cloth in a variety of scene set-ups. Furthermore, by analyzing optical flow fields extracted from the manipulated dynamic dot stimuli, we confirmed the same six optical flow features can be diagnostic of the degree of stiffness of moving cloth across different scenes. Overall, our study demonstrates that manipulating patterns of dynamic deformation alone can elicit the impression of cloth with varying stiffness, suggesting that human visual system might rely on the idiosyncratic pattern of dynamic deformation for estimating stiffness.
Switching a spin-valve back and forth by current-induced domain wall motion
Creators: name: Grollier, J.
name: Boulenc, P.
name: Cros, V.
name: Hamzic, A.
name: Vaures, A.
name: Fert, A.
name: Faini, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the current-induced displacement of a domain wall (DW) in the permalloy (Py) layer of a Co/Cu/Py spin valve structure at zero and very small applied field. The displacement is in opposite direction for opposite dc currents, and the current density required to move DW is only of the order of 10^6 A/cm^2. For H = 3 Oe, a back and forth DW motion between two stable positions is observed. We also discuss the effect of an applied field on the DW motion.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Schooling, identity, and belonging in a Tamil Lutheran congregation
Creators: name: Burkhart, Geoffrey L.
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 5004
subject: Religious studies

description: Based on fieldwork in 1983 with a congregation of the Arcot Lutheran Church in a Tamil Nadu town, I focus on self-representations of Christian identity in speech and action in local activities. Many Lutherans, themselves converts or from families who converted in recent generations, originated in oppressed Dalit castes. The histories of most are tied to the Danish Mission Society’s early establishment of village schools. Anomalous in the 1980s, however, was the fact that the growth of a social justice movement, based in Dalit consciousness and strongly emergent among Dalit Christians elsewhere, was little evident in the local congregation. I show how the context of this stance is related to the aim and modes of social betterment of individuals, families, and their social circles which was facilitated by educational opportunities provided by mission and church.
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Creators: name: Basu, A. K.
name: Basu, M.
name: Adesiyun, A. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Ixodida
Ixodidae
Rhipicephalus
Rhipicephalus sanguineus

description: Rhipicephalus sanguineus
 Aitken et al. (1969) recorded R. sanguineus during their survey of arthropods for natural virus infection. Smith (1974) documented R. sanguineus from dogs.
 This tick is known to transmit Ehrlichia canis (canine ehrlichiosis), Babesia vogeli (canine babesiosis), Hepatozoon canis (canine hepatozoonosis), Rickettsia conorii (tick bite fever in humans) (Jongejan and Uilenberg 2004) and also transmits Wad Medani virus in Sudan, East Africa, Asia and Jamaica (Labuda and Nuttall 2004).
Distribution: Cosmopolitan
description: Published as part of Basu, A. K., Basu, M. & Adesiyun, A. A., 2012, A Review On Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae, Argasidae), Associated Pathogens And Diseases Of Trinidad And Tobago, pp. 39-50 in Acarologia 52 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20122034, http://zenodo.org/record/4667077
Lieb's simple proof of concavity of Tr A^p K^* B^(1-p) K and remarks on related inequalities
Creators: name: Ruskai, Mary Beth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A simple, self-contained proof is presented for the concavity of the map (A,B) --> Tr(A^p K^* B^(1-p) K). The author makes no claim to originality; this note gives Lieb's original argument in its simplest, rather than its most general, form. A sketch of the chain of implications from this result to concavity of A --> Tr e^[K + log(A)] is then presented. An independent elementary proof is given for the joint convexity of the map (A,B,X) --> Tr \int X^* (A+ uI)^{-1} X (B+ uI)^{-1} du which plays a key role in entropy inequalities.
description: Version 3 contains Appendix C, which corrects some flaws in the presentation of the proof of the main theorem
An invariants-based method for efficient identification of hybrid species from large-scale genomic data
Creators: name: Kubatko, Laura S.
name: Chifman, Julia
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Background Coalescent-based species tree inference has become widely used in the analysis of genome-scale multilocus and SNP datasets when the goal is inference of a species-level phylogeny. However, numerous evolutionary processes are known to violate the assumptions of a coalescence-only model and complicate inference of the species tree. One such process is hybrid speciation, in which a species shares its ancestry with two distinct species. Although many methods have been proposed to detect hybrid speciation, only a few have considered both hybridization and coalescence in a unified framework, and these are generally limited to the setting in which putative hybrid species must be identified in advance. Results Here we propose a method that can examine genome-scale data for a large number of taxa and detect those taxa that may have arisen via hybridization, as well as their potential “parental” taxa. The method is based on a model that considers both coalescence and hybridization together, and uses phylogenetic invariants to construct a test that scales well in terms of computational time for both the number of taxa and the amount of sequence data. We test the method using simulated data for up 20 taxa and 100,000bp, and find that the method accurately identifies both recent and ancient hybrid species in less than 30 s. We apply the method to two empirical datasets, one composed of Sistrurus rattlesnakes for which hybrid speciation is not supported by previous work, and one consisting of several species of Heliconius butterflies for which some evidence of hybrid speciation has been previously found. Conclusions The proposed method is powerful for detecting hybridization for both recent and ancient hybridization events. The computations required can be carried out rapidly for a large number of sequences using genome-scale data, and the method is appropriate for both SNP and multilocus data.
XMM-Newton confirmation of a warm absorber in the z=4.4 blazar PMN J0525-3343
Creators: name: Worsley, M. A.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Turner, A. K.
name: Celotti, A.
name: Iwasawa, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis and results from a series of XMM-Newton observations of the distant blazar PMN J0525-3343, at a redshift of 4.4. The X-ray spectrum shows a spectral flattening below ~1 keV confirming earlier results from ASCA and BeppoSAX. The spectrum is well fitted by a power-law continuum with either a spectral break or absorption; no sharp features are apparent in the spectrum. No variability is seen in the individual lightcurves although there is evidence of small longer term variations (~ months in the blazar frame) in both flux and (0.1-2.4)/(2-10) keV flux ratio. Very low levels of optical-UV extinction and the lack of any evidence of a Lyman-limit system at the quasar redshift rule out neutral absorption and we argue that the most plausible explanation is the presence of a warm, ionized absorber. Very strong C IV absorption in the optical spectrum already implies the presence of highly ionized material along the line of sight. Warm absorber models using the photoionization code CLOUDY are consistent with both the X-ray and C IV data, yielding a column density \~10^(22.3-22.5) cm^-2 and ionization parameter ~10^(0.8-1.2) erg cm s^-1.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, MNRAS accepted. Minor changes to discussion/conclusions to emphasize lack of Ly-limit system evidence. Replacement of figure 3. Some minor spelling corrections
An invariants-based method for efficient identification of hybrid species from large-scale genomic data
Creators: name: Kubatko, Laura S.
name: Chifman, Julia
Publisher: name: BMC Evolutionary Biology
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background Coalescent-based species tree inference has become widely used in the analysis of genome-scale multilocus and SNP datasets when the goal is inference of a species-level phylogeny. However, numerous evolutionary processes are known to violate the assumptions of a coalescence-only model and complicate inference of the species tree. One such process is hybrid speciation, in which a species shares its ancestry with two distinct species. Although many methods have been proposed to detect hybrid speciation, only a few have considered both hybridization and coalescence in a unified framework, and these are generally limited to the setting in which putative hybrid species must be identified in advance. Results Here we propose a method that can examine genome-scale data for a large number of taxa and detect those taxa that may have arisen via hybridization, as well as their potential “parental” taxa. The method is based on a model that considers both coalescence and hybridization together, and uses phylogenetic invariants to construct a test that scales well in terms of computational time for both the number of taxa and the amount of sequence data. We test the method using simulated data for up 20 taxa and 100,000bp, and find that the method accurately identifies both recent and ancient hybrid species in less than 30 s. We apply the method to two empirical datasets, one composed of Sistrurus rattlesnakes for which hybrid speciation is not supported by previous work, and one consisting of several species of Heliconius butterflies for which some evidence of hybrid speciation has been previously found. Conclusions The proposed method is powerful for detecting hybridization for both recent and ancient hybridization events. The computations required can be carried out rapidly for a large number of sequences using genome-scale data, and the method is appropriate for both SNP and multilocus data.
Identifiability of parameters in longitudinal correlated Poisson and inflated beta regression model with non-ignorable missing mechanism
Creators: name: Tabrizi, Elham
name: Samani, Ehsan Bahrami
name: Ganjali, Mojtaba
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The identifiability of a statistical model is an essential and necessary property. When a model is not identifiable, even an infinite number of observations cannot determine the true parameter. Non-identifiablity problem in generalized linear models with and without random effects is very common. Also it can occur in such models when the response variable has non-ignorably missing. Since the structure of the beta regression model is similar to that of the generalized linear models and identifiability of many commonly used models such as the beta regression model has not been investigated in the literature, we establish a study about identifiability of some types of the beta regression models such as beta regression model with non-ignorable missing mechanism, zero and one inflated beta regression model, zero and one inflated beta regression model with non-ignorable missing mechanism, longitudinal beta regression model, longitudinal zero and one inflated beta regression model, longitudinal zero and one inflated beta regression model with non-ignorable missing mechanism, and longitudinal correlated bivariate Poisson and zero and one inflated beta regression model with non-ignorable missing mechanism. We construct estimators for the parameters in all mentioned models based on the EM algorithm and the likelihood-based approach. Simulation results and two applications of the Facebook network and FBI datasets are also presented.
Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) hasei
Creators: name: Basu, A. K.
name: Basu, M.
name: Adesiyun, A. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Ixodida
Argasidae
Ornithodoros
Ornithodoros hasei

description: Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) hasei
 Kohls et al. (1965) recorded O. (A.) hasei from bats (Noctilio leporinus leporinus), North Manzanilla, Trinidad.
 Distribution: Barbuda, Brazil, Guyana, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay, St. Croix (Cruz 2001), Venezuela, Bolivia (Kohls et al. 1965), Argentina (Nava et al. 2007a), Paraguay (Nava et al. 2007b), Jamaica (Guglielmone et al. 2003)
description: Published as part of Basu, A. K., Basu, M. & Adesiyun, A. A., 2012, A Review On Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae, Argasidae), Associated Pathogens And Diseases Of Trinidad And Tobago, pp. 39-50 in Acarologia 52 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20122034, http://zenodo.org/record/4667077
A hint on the metal-free star formation rate density from 21cm-EDGES data
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Atrideb
name: Dayal, Pratika
name: Choudhury, Tirthankar Roy
name: Schneider, Raffaella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to provide the first data-constrained estimate of the metal-free (Population III; Pop III) star formation rate density $\dotρ_{*}^{III}$ required at high-redshifts ($z \gtrsim 16$) in order to reproduce both the amplitude and the redshift of the EDGES 21-cm global signal. Our model accounts for the Lyman Alpha (Ly$α$), radio and X-ray backgrounds from both Pop III and metal-enriched Population II (Pop II) stars. For the latter, we use the star formation rate density estimates (and the Ly$α$ background) from the {\it Delphi} semi-analytic model that has been shown to reproduce all key observables for galaxies at $z \gtrsim 5$; the radio and X-ray backgrounds are fixed using low-$z$ values. The constraints on the free parameters characterizing the properties of the Pop III stars are obtained using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis. Our results yield a $\dotρ_{*}^{III}$ that whilst increasing from $z \sim 21-16$ thereafter shows a sharp decline which is in excellent agreement with the results found by \citet{valiante2016} to simulate the growth of $z \sim 6 - 7$ quasars and their host galaxies, suggesting that the bulk of Pop III star formation occurs in the rarest and most massive metal-poor halos at $z \lesssim 20$. This allows Pop III stars to produce a rapidly growing Ly$α$ background between $z \sim 21-15$. Further, Pop III stars are required to provide a radio background that is about $3-4$ orders of magnitude higher than that provided by Pop II stars although Pop II stars dominate the X-ray background.
description: accepted to MNRAS