cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Innovative Solar Spectral Beam Splitting Concepts: Cogeneration and Photochemistry
Creators: name: Mittelman, G.
name: Vitoshkin, H.
name: Lew, B.
name: Mamane, H.
name: Kribus, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 203-207
description: The conversion efficiency from sunlight to electricity, for both solar thermal and solar photovoltaic converters, is usually in the range of 10—30%. More than two thirds of the solar energy, collected with considerable effort and capital investment, is rejected back to the environment. We present an analysis of novel spectral beam splitting systems with the applications of cogeneration and photochemical conversion. Significant advantages of these designs include (i) separate conversion mechanism for different radiation wavebands, such that typical efficiency limits are eliminated (ii) introduction of photochemical reactions driven by short waves, reducing photovoltaic thermalization losses and (iii) simple design with small number of elements and without a high level of radiation concentration, eliminating the requirements for accurate optics and active cooling. The results are very promising, with a considerable enhancement of the efficiency relative to photovoltaic and other reference plants.
Silicon Nanowire for Solar Energy Application
Creators: name: Salhi, B.
name: Hossain, M.K.
name: Al-Sulaiman, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 149-151
description: Due to environmental and economic concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels, the need for cheap methods of generating energy from clean, renewable sources is becoming ever more urgent. Perhaps the most attractive renewable energy source is the sun, but finding materials that can efficiently convert the suns radiation to electricity is extremely challenging. The majority of solar cells currently in use are based on crystalline silicon, but the high fabrication costs for such cells hinder the competitiveness of solar cell technologies. Semiconductor nanowires are attracting intense interest as a promising material for solar energy conversion for the new-generation photovoltaic (PV) technology. In particular, silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are under active investigation for PV applications because they offer novel approaches for solar-to-electric energy conversion leading to high-efficiency devices via simple manufacturing. Thanks to their high surface area, SiNW arrays have strong optical absorption capabilities over the solar spectrum – less than 1% of the material containing in nanowire is required to obtain the same absorption efficiency compared to traditional planar wafer-based PV devices. Silicon nanowire solar cells with radial p-n junctions also offer a shorter collection length for charge carriers, so lower-quality silicon can be used. Even so, silicon nanowires can be produced with excellent electrical properties. All these advantages may reduce the production costs for SiNW-based solar cells without decreasing their efficiencies. Based on the previous results obtained by several authors, we propose a new combined mechanism and optimized process parameters for the formation of well-separated silicon nanowires. We believe that an improved solar cells performance can be achieved through further process optimization. Consequently, in the present study, we investigated MCEE process on silicon. The influence of the etching parameters (i.e., hydrofluoric acid concentration, and etching time) on the structure morphology, absorption, was studied.
Solar cells based on nanowires rather than crystalline films offer a promising route to reducing the cost of photovoltaic energy their increased surface area improves light absorption and carrier collection efficiency. Combining silicon nanowire with other material that absorbs light at different wavelengths may improve the sun radiation absorption.
Aberrant development of pancreatic beta cells derived from human iPSCs with FOXA2 deficiency
Creators: name: Elsayed, Ahmed K.
name: Younis, Ihab
name: Ali, Gowher
name: Hussain, Khalid
name: Abdelalim, Essam M.
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biochemistry and cell biology
Oncology and carcinogenesis

description: FOXA2 has been identified as an essential factor for pancreas development and emerging evidence supports an association between FOXA2 and diabetes. Although the role of FOXA2 during pancreatic development is well-studied in animal models, its role during human islet cell development remains unclear. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient with FOXA2 haploinsufficiency (FOXA2+/− iPSCs) followed by beta-cell differentiation to understand the role of FOXA2 during pancreatic beta-cell development. Our results showed that FOXA2 haploinsufficiency resulted in aberrant expression of genes essential for the differentiation and proper functioning of beta cells. At pancreatic progenitor (PP2) and endocrine progenitor (EPs) stages, transcriptome analysis showed downregulation in genes associated with pancreatic development and diabetes and upregulation in genes associated with nervous system development and WNT signaling pathway. Knockout of FOXA2 in control iPSCs (FOXA2−/− iPSCs) led to severe phenotypes in EPs and beta-cell stages. The expression of NGN3 and its downstream targets at EPs as well as INSUILIN and GLUCAGON at the beta-cell stage, were almost absent in the cells derived from FOXA2−/− iPSCs. These findings indicate that FOXA2 is crucial for human pancreatic endocrine development and its defect may lead to diabetes based on FOXA2 dosage.Other Information Published in: Cell Death & Disease
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41419-021-03390-8
Spectrally Selective Solar Cells for Simultaneous Use of Photosynthesis and Photovoltaics
Creators: name: Osterthun, N.
name: Steenhoff, V.
name: Neugebohrn, N.
name: Gehrke, K.
name: Vehse, M.
name: Agert, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 180-183
description: Photosynthesis of green algae and plants needs mainly red and blue light in chlorophyll. One possible way for
combining photosynthesis and photovoltaics is to transmit this light, while the remaining light can be used for
electricity generation. The straight forward solution to this problem is to use a high band gap absorber, so that only
UV-light is utilized. However, this would imply that a great amount of photons of the solar spectrum remains unused.
A solar cell concept that enables spectrally selective transmission could significantly increase efficiency. In this
contribution, we present a solar cell design which transmits light around 480 nm and 680 nm for photosynthesis while
generating electricity from the remaining spectrum. We demonstrate the concept of a spectrally selective solar cell
utilizing a novel back reflector. This reflector is based on a tunable cavity determining the optical properties.
Simulations as well as first experimental realizations of the reflector itself and of the solar cell are shown.
Optical and Structural, Properties of Zinc Sulfide Doped Chromium Thin Films Prepared by RF-Sputtering
Creators: name: Samba Vall, C.M.
name: Chaik, M.
name: El Aakib, H.
name: Elyaagoubi, M.
name: Agdad, A.
name: Tchenka, A.
name: Oueriagli, A.
name: Aggour, M.
name: Outzourhit, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 137-142
description: Zinc sulfide and Chromium doped Zinc sulfide thin films were grown on glass and Si substrates by
cathodic radio-frequency sputtering. The deposition time was fixed at 2 hours for pure Zinc sulfide and was varied
from 90 minute to 3 hours for Chromium doped Zinc sulfide while the radio-frequency power of both deposited was
fixed at 200W. The optical, structural, of these thin films were investigated. The optical properties (mainly the
thicknesses, refractive index, and optical band gap) were examined by optical transmission measurements in the
ultraviolet-visible-near Infrared wavelength range. X-ray Diffraction analysis indicated that all the sputtered Zinc
sulfide and Chromium doped Zinc sulfide films have the zinc blend structure with a preferential growth orientation
along the (111) ,(2 2 0),(311) direction. The crystallite size was about 33.45nm for undoped Zinc sulfide films and
varied from 16.5 nm to 29.5 nm for Chromium doped Zinc sulfide with a maximum value for a deposition time of
150 minutes. Ultra violet-Visible measurements showed that the Zinc sulfide film deposited for 2 hours have
transmittance higher than 70% while the transmission of Chromium doped Zinc sulfide becomes less than 40% in the
visible wavelength region. Moreover, it was observed that the band gap energy of the Zinc sulfide films is 3.48 eV,
while that of Chromium doped Zinc sulfide films decreases from 2.77 to 1.68 eV as the deposition time increased.
FT-IR data exhibited that absorption peaks at wave number 2730.65 cm-1 for ZnS due to the stretching vibration of
O-H. Also, 1200/cm and 565.02/cm corresponding to asymmetric and symmetric Zn-S stretching bond.
The convection of close red supergiant stars observed with near-infrared interferometry
Creators: name: Montargès, Miguel
name: Kervella, Pierre
name: Perrin, Guy
name: Chiavassa, Andrea
name: Aurière, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our team has obtained observations of the photosphere of the two closest red supergiant stars Betelgeuse ($α$ Ori) and Antares ($α$ Sco) using near infrared interferometry. We have been monitoring the photosphere of Betelgeuse with the VLTI/PIONIER instrument for three years. On Antares, we obtained an unprecedented sampling of the visibility function. These data allow us to probe the convective photosphere of massive evolved stars.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Published in the proceedings of the Physics Of Evolved Stars conference, dedicated to the memory of Olivier Chesneau (Nice, France, 2015)
Decolonisation of curricula in undergraduate dental education: an exploratory study
Creators: name: Ali, Kamran
name: Winter, Jennie
name: Webb, Oliver
name: Zahra, Daniel
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Aims To explore experiences and perceptions of students and staff regarding decolonisation of the curriculum in a dental undergraduate programme. Methods Participants were invited to respond to an online survey on decolonisation of the dental curriculum. The target population included current students on the Bachelor of Dental Surgery and Bachelor of Dental Therapy and Hygiene programmes, as well as dental staff at a university in the South West region of England. The common items for student and staff versions of the survey were focused on six themes: representation; content; peer engagement; assessment; language and communication; and culture. All responses were anonymous. Data on programme, year of study, age, sex and ethnicity were captured on a voluntary basis. Results In total, 34 staff members and 120 students from two different programmes participated in the survey, yielding a response rate of 87.17% for staff and 45.28% for students. A comparison showed that average student responses were lower compared with average staff responses. Of the 24 survey items, 17 showed significantly lower scores reported by minority ethnic (ME) students. ME students were, when compared with white counterparts, less likely to report that their programme included opportunities for group discussions about ethnicity and privilege. Similar comparisons of staff responses did not show significant differences between white and ME staff. Nevertheless, responses by staff and students across the board highlighted the need for further steps to improve the representation of ME groups in the curriculum. Conclusions This study provides useful insights into the perceptions and experiences of students and staff regarding the decolonisation of the dental curriculum in an undergraduate dental programme. Responses by the participants across the board identified several areas which could benefit from better representation of ME groups. Significant differences were noted between staff and student scores and also between white and ME students, indicating the latter group demonstrated more awareness regarding issues of representation. The findings underscore the need to take further steps to decolonise dental curricula.Other Information Published in: British Dental Journal
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-022-4923-1
COVID-19: complexity of disease severity revealed by systemic and localized single cell immune atlas
Creators: name: Alajez, Nehad M.
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Oncology and carcinogenesis

description: COVID-19: complexity of disease severity revealed by systemic and localized single cell immune atlasOther Information Published in: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00587-3
Characterization of a Novel Photovoltaic Backsheet Based on Polyamide-Ionomer Technology
Creators: name: Perez, P.
name: Hari, D.
name: Kumar, J.
name: Nagarajan, R.
name: Rothacker, A.
name: Santoleri, D.
name: Thellen, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 160-168
description: The use of low-performance, non-durable photovoltaic backsheet reduces the efficiency and safety of solar modules.
These backsheets are highly susceptible to deterioration and degradation resulting from their construction. In an effort to improve
the efficiency of solar energy, Tomark-Worthen has developed a novel photovoltaic backsheet known as PhotoMark®
Reflections™. Produced via co-extrusion, PhotoMark® Reflections™ contains no adhesives, fluoropolymers, or poly(ethylene
terephthalate) (PET). Instead, it is composed of a high performance polyamide/ionomer alloy developed to resist degradation. A
comprehensive analysis of the performance of PhotoMark® Reflections™ indicates high stability of the backsheet after various
accelerated aging tests, including Damp Heat, UV light exposure, and the Highly Accelerated Stress Test (HAST). Fourier-
Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) performed on PhotoMark® Reflections™ shows high resistance of the skin layers to
degradation. Additionally, PhotoMark® Reflections™ and other laminate backsheets were subjected to the HAST. All laminate
samples exposed to the HAST failed and delaminated prior to the 100-hour test completion time. Conversely, the PhotoMark®
Reflections™ backsheet showed no inter-layer delamination after 100 hours of HAST exposure and retained its mechanical
properties. The durability of PhotoMark® Reflections™ after extensive weathering indicates that the implementation of the
backsheet will reduce the number of backsheet-induced module failures globally.
Nanosphere Colloidal Coating for Improvement of Solar Cell Efficiency
Creators: name: Seyedpour Esmaeilzad, S.
name: Öztürk, I.M.
name: Zolfaghariborra, M.
name: Avishan, N.
name: Bek, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 175-179
description: CPV (Concentrated Photovoltaics) is an emerging technology for developing high-efficiency, low-cost
solar cells. CPV uses optics such as mirrors or lenses to capture the sunlight in a more effective manner. In this study,
closed-packed arrays of nanoscale dielectric spheres (nanospheres, NS) located on top of the cell, can be utilized as
lenses which increase the absorption of c-Si solar cells. NS can reduce the reflection and suppress the transmission by
changing the incident light into a set of collimated beams. NS can focus the light inside the photovoltaic layer which
causes an increase in the absorption and consequently in the photovoltaic current. The fabrication of such light-trapping
structure is low-cost and less complicated than standard alternatives such as vacuum evaporated multilayer antireflection
coatings. We find that by using silica NS, the efficiency improvement is limited by the spherical shape of the
NS causing premature focussing due to sphere shape. For that reason, we proceeded with polystyrene NS in which we
were able to show further improvement in the solar cell efficiency by annealing based shape adjustment of NS.
Reduced Operating Temperature to Improve Durability and Efficiency of Solar Modules
Creators: name: Jiang, J.
name: Zhou, Z.
name: Pillai, S.
name: Keevers, M.J.
name: Bilbao Bernales, J.
name: Guo, J.
name: Ekins-Daukes, N.J.
name: Green, M.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 152-156
description: High operating temperature is detrimental to module performance and durability. Here we take a fresh look at four passive approaches to reduce module operating temperature: decrease the absorption of unproductive near-infrared sunlight, increase mid-infrared emissivity of the front and rear module surfaces, enhance convective losses by disrupting the normally laminar flow along the module rear surface, and increase lateral heat conduction to the module frame and support structure. We present initial simulation and experimental results, including outdoor measurements of a module with half of the rear covered by an array of small prototype vortex generators (VGs). A combination of these passive cooling approaches has the potential to reduce module operating temperature by 5-10°C, increasing module efficiency by 2-5% relative and module life by 50-100%, thus significantly improving lifetime energy production and the economics of PV.
Growth and Characterization of (ZnSe)0.1(SnSe)0.9 Films for Use in Thin Film Solar Cells
Creators: name: Razykov, T.M.
name: Bosio, A.
name: Ergashev, B.
name: Kouchkarov, K.M.
name: Mavlonov, A.A.
name: Romeo, A.
name: Artegiani, E.
name: Romeo, N.
name: Yuldoshov, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 169-171
description: (ZnSe)x(SnSe)1-x films were fabricated from ZnSe and SnSe precursors using chemical-molecular beam deposition (CMBD) method at a substrate temperature of 500°C. The structural and morphological properties of (ZnSe)0.1(SnSe)0.9 films have been studied. The data from the scanning electron microscope showed that the grain sizes of the films were 5-6 μm and the films had a close-packed polycrystalline structure. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis of the samples revealed that the films have an orthorhombic structure. Structural parameters of the obtained films are given.
Synthesis, Structural and Photo Physical Properties of Perovskite Oxide (KNbO3)1-x+(La2NiMnO6)x for Photovoltaic Application
Creators: name: Sheikh, M.S.
name: Dutta, A.
name: Bhowmik, T.K.
name: Ghosh, S.K.
name: Rout, S.K.
name: Sinha, T.P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 143-148
description: Solid solutions of perovskite oxides (KNbO3)1-x+(La2NiMnO6)x (x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) with a variation of band gap (1.33-3.6 eV) have been introduced as a promising photovoltaic absorber. The structural characterization of the prepared samples was carried out using X-ray diffraction (followed by Rietveld refinement) and Raman experiment. As the doping percentage of the monoclinic La2NiMnO6 in the solid-solution increases, the crystal structure of host KNbO3 becomes more symmetric from orthorhombic to cubic. A large reduction in the particle size has also been observed in the solid solutions in comparison to the pure KNbO3. The band gap (~ 1.33 eV) of the synthesized solid solution x=0.1 is found to be very close to the Shockley-Queisser band gap value of 1.34 eV, which suggests the promising photovoltaic possibility in this material. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra reveal a strong PL quenching in the solid-solutions in comparison to the KNbO3. The overall structural and optical studies suggest the promising photovoltaic possibility in KNbO3/ La2NiMnO6 solid solution.
Distributed Methods for Computing Approximate Equilibria
Creators: name: Czumaj, Artur
name: Deligkas, Argyrios
name: Fasoulakis, Michail
name: Fearnley, John
name: Jurdziński, Marcin
name: Savani, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a new, distributed method to compute approximate Nash equilibria in bimatrix games. In contrast to previous approaches that analyze the two payoff matrices at the same time (for example, by solving a single LP that combines the two players payoffs), our algorithm first solves two independent LPs, each of which is derived from one of the two payoff matrices, and then compute approximate Nash equilibria using only limited communication between the players. Our method has several applications for improved bounds for efficient computations of approximate Nash equilibria in bimatrix games. First, it yields a best polynomial-time algorithm for computing \emph{approximate well-supported Nash equilibria (WSNE)}, which guarantees to find a 0.6528-WSNE in polynomial time. Furthermore, since our algorithm solves the two LPs separately, it can be used to improve upon the best known algorithms in the limited communication setting: the algorithm can be implemented to obtain a randomized expected-polynomial-time algorithm that uses poly-logarithmic communication and finds a 0.6528-WSNE. The algorithm can also be carried out to beat the best known bound in the query complexity setting, requiring $O(n \log n)$ payoff queries to compute a 0.6528-WSNE. Finally, our approach can also be adapted to provide the best known communication efficient algorithm for computing \emph{approximate Nash equilibria}: it uses poly-logarithmic communication to find a 0.382-approximate Nash equilibrium.
Interfacial Buffer Layer for the Integration in SWCNTS/A-SI:H Hybrid Thin Films Solar Cells
Creators: name: Meddeb, H.
name: Sergeev, O.V.
name: Cho, H.-J.
name: Vehse, M.
name: Rajanna, P.M.
name: Nasibulin, A.G.
name: Bereznev, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 129-132
description: We report the efficient approach to protect the SWCNTs front window layer from hydrogen ion etching during deposition of the hydrogenated amorphous silicon absorber layer in the hybrid carbon nanotubes / thin film silicon solar cells. We studied the changes in SWCNTs films properties after deposition of different buffer layers based on low-hydrogen amorphous silicon and chemically inert molybdenum oxide. We defined a narrow process window for i-a-Si:H deposition that allow smooth coating of SWCNTs preventing the main anomalies such etching and protrusion. It is demonstrated that electron beam evaporation of MoOx thin films can be advantageous over PECVD formation of “undiluted” a-Si:H buffer layers due to the preserved morphology and conductivity of grown films. A strong correlation between the morphological (network density) and structural (purity) properties of SWCNTs on one hand, and optical (transmission) and electrical (conductivity/mobility) properties on the other hand, has been established. Both optimized i-a-Si:H and MoOx buffer layers can be recommended for efficient protection of carbon nanotubes. The optimization of our coating approach leads to the preservation of high conductivity of SWCNTs required for the integration as p-side layer, up to 750 S/cm and 800 S/cm for a-Si:H and MoOx buffer layers respectively .
Finite-nuclear-size effect in hydrogen-like ions with relativistic nuclear structure
Creators: name: Xie, Hui Hui
name: Li, Jian
name: Jiao, Li Guang
name: Ho, Yew Kam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The finite-nuclear-size (FNS) effect has a large contribution to the atomic spectral properties especially for heavy nuclei. By adopting the microscopic nuclear charge density distributions obtained from the relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB) theory, we systematically investigate the FNS corrections to atomic energy levels and bound-electron $g$ factors of hydrogen-like ions with nuclear charge up to $118$. The comparison of the present numerical calculations with the predictions from empirical nuclear charge models, the non-relativistic Skyrme-Hartree-Fock calculations, and the results based on experimental charge densities indicate that both the nuclear charge radius and the detailed shape of charge density distribution play important roles in determining the FNS corrections. The variation of FNS corrections to energy levels and $g$ factors with respect to the nuclear charge are investigated for the lowest several bound states of hydrogen-like ions. It is shown that they both increase by orders of magnitude with increasing the nuclear charge, while the ratio between them has a relatively weak dependence on the nuclear charge. The FNS corrections to the $s_{1/2}$ and $p_{1/2}$ bound state energies from the RCHB calculations are generally in good agreement with the analytical estimations by Shabaev [J. Phys. B, 26, 1103 (1993)] based on the homogeneously charged sphere nuclear model, with the discrepancy indicating the distinct contribution of microscopic nuclear structure to the FNS effects.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Simulations of Some Effects of Grain Boundaries in Solar Cells
Creators: name: Saetre, T.O.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
Fundamental Studies

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 107-109
description: Grain boundaries in solar cells can give several important effects relevant for the performance of solar cells. The grain boundaries can give both negative and positive effects on the power generation. Hence, the study of these effects is an important topic. It is in the present paper suggested that Monte Carlo simulations may be a possible tool for simulating these effects. Some preliminary results are given to demonstrate the method. It is possible to develop this simulation concept into more advanced models which can be of importance in studying several effects of grain boundaries in solar cells.
Enhanced CVD-Graphene Sheet Transfer on a Zinc Oxide Ultrathin Film Using Wet Transfer Method for Solar Cell Application
Creators: name: Abdelaal, A.F.
name: Hossain, M.K.
name: Ibrahim, A.
name: Salhi, B.
name: Laoui, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
Fundamental Studies

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 122-125
description: A hybrid structure of graphene sheets (GS) with ultrathin film of Zinc oxide (ZnO) is developed on glass substrates for thin film solar cell applications. ZnO is fabricated using RF sputtering technique. ZnO layer on glass was found to be very thin, ranging from 30 to 50 nm in thickness and transparent. Graphene film are synthesized on the Cu foils by using chemical vapor deposition method, and then transferred to the ZnO layer using wet transfer method. As-fabricated GS/ZnO hybrid structure was characterized using atomic force microscope and Raman spectroscopy to understand the effect of graphene layer on the ultrathin layer of ZnO.
Rare Earth Doped Compounds for Enhancing the Efficiency of Silicon Building Integrated Concentrator PV via Spectral Conversion
Creators: name: Day, J.
name: Mallick, T.K.
name: Sundaram, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 133-136
description: A detriment to the efficiency of silicon solar cells used in building integrated concentrator photovoltaics (BICPV) is their reduced electrical response to light of short or long wavelengths. In order to address this challenge, single cell static CPV modules were fabricated with some of the devices containing rare earth doped compounds dispersed into the system in differing concentrations and geometries. Under a solar simulator at 1 sun illumination, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices improved up to 11.1% relative through the incorporation of these materials. At lower irradiances and compared to cells without concentrators, the relative efficiency gains were more pronounced and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements suggested spectral conversion was responsible for these enhancements. For a theoretical large scale BICPV system, a simple analysis showed cost per watt could fall by up to 8.1% and power output increased from 25.7 to 28.4 W/m2 through this approach.
Relativistic hydrodynamics on graphics processing units
Creators: name: Sikorski, Jan
name: Cygert, Sebastian
name: Porter-Sobieraj, Joanna
name: Słodkowski, Marcin
name: Krzyżanowski, Piotr
name: Książek, Natalia
name: Duda, Przemysław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrodynamics calculations have been successfully used in studies of the bulk properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma, particularly of elliptic flow and shear viscosity. However, there are areas (for instance event-by-event simulations for flow fluctuations and higher-order flow harmonics studies) where further advancement is hampered by lack of efficient and precise 3+1D~program. This problem can be solved by using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) computing, which offers unprecedented increase of the computing power compared to standard CPU simulations. In this work, we present an implementation of 3+1D ideal hydrodynamics simulations on the Graphics Processing Unit using Nvidia CUDA framework. MUSTA-FORCE (MUlti STAge, First ORder CEntral, with a~slope limiter and MUSCL reconstruction) and WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillating) schemes are employed in the simulations, delivering second (MUSTA-FORCE), fifth and seventh (WENO) order of accuracy. Third order Runge-Kutta scheme was used for integration in the time domain. Our implementation improves the performance by about 2~orders of magnitude compared to a~single threaded program. The algorithm tests of 1+1D~shock tube and 3+1D~simulations with ellipsoidal and Hubble-like expansion are presented.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, SQM2015 proceedings submitted to Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS) - IOP Conference Series
Optimal Band Gap Energies for Two-Step Photon Up-Conversion Solar Cells with Partial Absorptivity
Creators: name: Harada, Y.
name: Matsuo, T.
name: Asahi, S.
name: Kita, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 126-128
description: Photon up-conversion in a hetero-interface comprising different semiconductor band gaps can reduce
the transmission loss without any complicated quantum structures, and is one of the promising concepts for
improving the conversion efficiency of solar cell. In this work, we theoretically studied the conversion efficiency and
the optimum band gap energies of the two-step photon up-conversion solar cell (TPU-SC) with partial absorptivity in
the detailed-balance framework for offering a route to high-conversion-efficiency exceeding 50%. The optimal band
gap energy of the narrow gap semiconductor is approximately 1.4 eV almost independent of the band discontinuity
ratio in the hetero-interface at the absorptivity of 50% and the sunlight concentrations of 100–1,000. The conversion
efficiency reaches 50% in the TPU-SC with the conduction- or valence-band discontinuity ratio of 0 at the
absorptivity of 50% and the 1,000-suns illumination. The calculated results suggest that GaAs/AlGaAs and
GaAs/InGaP heterostructures are promising candidates for demonstrating the high-conversion efficiency TPU-SC in
the valence-band discontinuity ratios of 0.4 and 1, respectively.
Progress in Encapsulant-Integrated Multi-Wire Interconnection
Creators: name: Govaerts, J.
name: Borgers, T.
name: Nivelle, P.
name: Van Dyck, R.
name: El -Chami, I.
name: Isaa, I.
name: Hoogewijs, T.
name: Van Der Heide, A.S.H.
name: Voroshazi, E.
name: Szlufcik, J.
name: Poortmans, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
New Materials and Concepts for Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 71-74
description: In previous contributions, we presented already several multi-wire interconnection approaches, both for back-contact [1,2] and 2-side contacted cells [3]. In this paper we want to report our progress in further investigating and developing the latter approach.
We introduce our methodology to allow mapping of individual solder joint quality (that can be extended quantitatively) on commercially available solar cells. Applying the technology on 1-cell samples, we compare different encapsulants, lamination times and stitch patterns, and demonstrate a 2x2-cell module. We subject the fabricated samples to thermal cycling to get preliminary feedback on their performance reliability-wise, and to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we made a 9-cell module with busbarless cells and adapted metallization design, to show the full module-level interconnection potential of this technology.
Genetics of glutamate and its receptors in autism spectrum disorder
Creators: name: Nisar, Sabah
name: Bhat, Ajaz A.
name: Masoodi, Tariq
name: Hashem, Sheema
name: Akhtar, Sabah
name: Ali, Tayyiba Akbar
name: Amjad, Sara
name: Chawla, Sanjeev
name: Bagga, Puneet
name: Frenneaux, Michael P.
name: Reddy, Ravinder
name: Fakhro, Khalid
name: Haris, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Clinical sciences
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental impairment characterized by deficits in social interaction skills, impaired communication, and repetitive and restricted behaviors that are thought to be due to altered neurotransmission processes. The amino acid glutamate is an essential excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain that regulates cognitive functions such as learning and memory, which are usually impaired in ASD. Over the last several years, increasing evidence from genetics, neuroimaging, protein expression, and animal model studies supporting the notion of altered glutamate metabolism has heightened the interest in evaluating glutamatergic dysfunction in ASD. Numerous pharmacological, behavioral, and imaging studies have demonstrated the imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, thus revealing the involvement of the glutamatergic system in ASD pathology. Here, we review the effects of genetic alterations on glutamate and its receptors in ASD and the role of non-invasive imaging modalities in detecting these changes. We also highlight the potential therapeutic targets associated with impaired glutamatergic pathways.Other Information Published in: Molecular Psychiatry
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01506-w
Patterns and distribution of de novo mutations in multiplex Middle Eastern families
Creators: name: Kohailan, Muhammad
name: Aamer, Waleed
name: Syed, Najeeb
name: Padmajeya, Sujitha
name: Hussein, Sura
name: Sayed, Amira
name: Janardhanan, Jyothi
name: Palaniswamy, Sasirekha
name: El hajj, Nady
name: Al-Shabeeb Akil, Ammira
name: Fakhro, Khalid A.
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: While de novo mutations (DNMs) are key to genetic diversity, they are also responsible for a high number of rare disorders. To date, no study has systematically examined the rate and distribution of DNMs in multiplex families in highly consanguineous populations. Leveraging WGS profiles of 645 individuals in 146 families, we implemented a combinatorial approach using 3 complementary tools for DNM discovery in 353 unique trio combinations. We found a total of 27,168 DNMs (median: 70 single-nucleotide and 6 insertion-deletions per individual). Phasing revealed around 80% of DNMs were paternal in origin. Notably, using whole-genome methylation data of spermatogonial stem cells, these DNMs were significantly more likely to occur at highly methylated CpGs (OR: 2.03; p value = 6.62 × 10−11). We then examined the effects of consanguinity and ethnicity on DNMs, and found that consanguinity does not seem to correlate with DNM rate, and special attention has to be considered while measuring such a correlation. Additionally, we found that Middle-Eastern families with Arab ancestry had fewer DNMs than African families, although not significant (p value = 0.16). Finally, for families with diseased probands, we examined the difference in DNM counts and putative impact across affected and unaffected siblings, but did not find significant differences between disease groups, likely owing to the enrichment for recessive disorders in this part of the world, or the small sample size per clinical condition. This study serves as a reference for DNM discovery in multiplex families from the globally under-represented populations of the Middle-East.Other Information Published in: Journal of Human Genetics
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s10038-022-01054-9
A Planar Indium-Tin-Oxide Thermophotovoltaic Emitter with High-Temperature Verification
Creators: name: Wu, D.-H.
name: Parashar, P.
name: Chou, H.-M.
name: Lin, Y.-S.
name: Lai, Y.-C.
name: Yu, P.
name: Chen, Y.-B.
name: Lin, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: New Materials and Concepts for Photovoltaic Devices
Fundamental Studies

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 92-95
description: Far-field thermophotovoltaics has been proposed in the early 1960s where the predicted efficiency can be as high as >80% with some idealized assumptions. The key part in thermophotovoltaic conversion is the design of the emitter spectral emissivity. The ideal spectral shape of the emission is a moderate bandwidth high emission at an energy that is just above the semiconductor diode bandgap. The long wavelength cutoff is required to prevent the diode becomes transparent to the incoming emitted photons. The short wavelength cut-off is to reduce the thermalization loss in the photovoltaic cell. While there have been tremendous amount of effort and publications in far-field TPV using various photonic nanostructures, here we show that in fact a simple planarized structure using refractory metal-indium tin oxide and an aperiodic dielectric stacking can achieve the desired emissivity for TPV. In addition, the emission wavelength can be tailored by the SiO2/Si3N4 aperiodic stacking design and the ITO composition tuning.
A high-temperature expansion method for calculating paramagnetic exchange interactions
Creators: name: Sotnikov, O. M.
name: Mazurenko, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method for calculating the isotropic exchange interactions in the paramagnetic phase is proposed. It is based on the mapping of the high-temperature expansion of the spin-spin correlation function calculated for the Heisenberg model onto Hubbard Hamiltonian one. The resulting expression for the exchange interaction has a compact and transparent formulation. The quality of the calculated exchange interactions is estimated by comparing the eigenvalue spectra of the Heisenberg model and low-energy magnetic part of the Hubbard model. By the example of quantum rings with different hopping setups we analyze the contributions from the different part of the Hubbard model spectrum to the resulting exchange interaction.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Willingness to participate in genome testing: a survey of public attitudes from Qatar
Creators: name: Abdul Rahim, Hanan F.
name: Ismail, Said I.
name: Hassan, Amel
name: Fadl, Tasnim
name: Khaled, Salma M.
name: Shockley, Bethany
name: Nasrallah, Catherine
name: Qutteina, Yara
name: Elmaghraby, Engi
name: Yasin, Heba
name: Darwish, Dima
name: Fakhro, Khalid A.
name: Badji, Radja
name: Al-Muftah, Wadha
name: Afifi, Nahla
name: Althani, Asmaa
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Genomics has the potential to revolutionize medical approaches to disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, but it does not come without challenges. The success of a national population-based genome program, like the Qatar Genome Program (QGP), depends on the willingness of citizens to donate samples and take up genomic testing services. This study explores public attitudes of the Qatari population toward genetic testing and toward participating in the QGP. A representative sample of 837 adult Qataris was surveyed in May 2016. Approximately 71% of respondents surveyed reported that they were willing to participate in the activities of the QGP. Willingness to participate was significantly associated with basic literacy in genetics, a family history of genetic diseases, and previous experience with genetic testing through premarital screening. Respondents cited the desire to know more about their health status as the principle motivation for participating, while lack of time and information were reported as the most important barriers. With QGP plans to ramp up the scale of its national operation toward more integration into clinical care settings, it is critical to understand public attitudes and their determinants. The results demonstrate public support but also identify the need for more education and individual counseling that not only provide information on the process, challenges, and benefits of genomic testing, but that also address concerns about information security.Other Information Published in: Journal of Human Genetics
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s10038-020-0806-y
Economic Diversification Trends in the Gulf: the Case of Saudi Arabia
Creators: name: Al Naimi, Sarah Muhanna
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Clinical sciences

description: A national economy which is dependent on income from just one source is vulnerable, especially when that income comes from non-renewable resources. The sustainable prosperity of an economy thus relies on the successful implementation of economic diversification. Diversification is key to creating an attractive, flourishing environment in a country and improving the quality of its institutions and its citizens’ lives. The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are accelerating their efforts to achieve economic diversification, with their national visions reflecting a shared aim of securing permanent high standards of living for future generations. After the first boom in oil prices in 1970, Saudi Arabia’s government introduced primary development plans to diversify its economy. In 2016, it announced its 2030 vision to establish sustainable growth through economic diversification. The economic diversification strategy of Saudi Arabia is founded on several pillars, including investment in human capital and education and investment in non-oil sectors such as tourism. This paper aims to analyze the economic diversification trends in the GCC region with a special focus on Saudi Arabia as a case study. Within this wider context, the paper will concentrate on Saudi Arabia’s efforts to achieve diversification by building a knowledge-based economy. Focusing on the quality of education and research improves the human capital available in the country which contributes to the growth of the economy. Results reveal that although Saudi Arabia has embarked on its diversification plans, the current status of oil prices, the deficit in the Saudi general budget, and the country’s traditional educational system will hinder and slow this process.Other Information Published in: Circular Economy and Sustainability
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43615-021-00106-0
Influence of the FFLO-like State on the Upper Critical Field of a S/F Bilayer: Angular and Temperature Dependence
Creators: name: Lenk, D.
name: Hemmida, M.
name: Morari, R.
name: Zdravkov, V. I.
name: Ullrich, A.
name: Müller, C.
name: Sidorenko, A. S.
name: Horn, S.
name: Tagirov, L. R.
name: Loidl, A.
name: von Nidda, H. -A. Krug
name: Tidecks, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the upper critical magnetic field, $H_{c}$, of a superconductor-ferromagnet (S/F) bilayer of Nb/Cu$_{41}$Ni$_{59}$ and a Nb film (as reference). We obtained the dependence of $H_{c\perp}$ and $H_{c\parallel}$ (perpendicular and parallel to the film plane, respectively) on the temperature, $T$, by measurements of the resistive transitions and the dependence on the inclination angle, $θ$, of the applied field to the film plane, by non-resonant microwave absorption. Over a wide range, $H_{c\perp}$ and $H_{c\parallel}$ show the temperature dependence predicted by the Ginzburg-Landau theory. At low temperatures and close to the critical temperature deviations are observed. While $H_{c}(θ)$ of the Nb film follows the Tinkham prediction for thin superconducting films, the Nb/Cu$_{41}$Ni$_{59}$-bilayer data exhibit deviations when $θ$ approaches zero. We attribute this finding to the additional anisotropy induced by the quasi-one-dimensional Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO)-like state and propose a new vortex structure in S/F bilayers, adopting the segmentation approach from high-temperature superconductors.
description: Accepted to Phys. Rev. B