cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Surface modification for enhanced silanation of zirconia ceramics
Creators: name: Thompson, J.Y.
name: Grego, S.
name: Piascik, J.R.
name: Swift, E.J.
name: Stoner, B.R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: AbstractObjectiveThe overall goal of this research was to develop a practical method to chemically modify the surface of high strength dental ceramics (i.e. zirconia) to facilitate viable, robust adhesive bonding using commercially available silanes and resin cements.MethodsInvestigation focused on a novel approach to surface functionalize zirconia with a SixOy "seed" layer that would promote chemical bonding with traditional silanes. ProCAD and ZirCAD blocks were bonded to a dimensionally similar composite block using standard techniques designed for silica-containing materials (silane and resin cement). ZirCAD blocks were treated with SiCl4 by vapor deposition under two different conditions prior to bonding. Microtensile bars were prepared and subjected to tensile forces at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze fracture surfaces and determine failure mode; either composite cohesive failure (partial or complete cohesive failure within composite) or adhesive failure (partial or complete adhesive failure).ResultsPeak stress values were analyzed using single-factor ANOVA (pxOy thick "seed" layer was similar in strength to the porcelain group (control). Analysis of failure modes indicated the above groups displayed higher percentages of in-composite failures. Other groups tested had lower strength values and displayed adhesive failure characteristics.ConclusionMechanical data support that utilizing a gas-phase chloro-silane pretreatment to deposit ultra-thin silica-like seed layers can improve adhesion to zirconia using traditional silanation and bonding techniques. This technology could have clinical impact on how high strength dental materials are used today.
Effects of fish collagen peptides on collagen post-translational modifications and mineralization in an osteoblastic cell culture system
Creators: name: YAMADA, Shizuka
name: YAMAUCHI, Mitsuo
name: TERAJIMA, Masahiko
name: HAYASHI, Yoshihiko
name: NAGAOKA, Hideaki
name: TSUDA, Nobuaki
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Collagen is one of the most widely used biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Fish collagen peptides (FCP) have been used as a dietary supplement, but their effects on the cellular function are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of FCP on collagen synthesis, quality and mineralization using an osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell culture system. Cells treated with FCP significantly upregulated the gene expression of several collagen modifying enzymes and more collagen was deposited in the cultures. Collagen in the treated group showed a greater extent of lysine hydroxylation, higher levels of hydroxylysine-aldehyde derived cross-links and accelerated cross-link maturation compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, the treated group showed accelerated matrix mineralization. These results indicate that FCP exerts a positive effect on osteoblastic cells in terms of collagen synthesis, quality and mineralization, thereby suggesting the potential utility of FCP for bone tissue engineering.
Superimposition of 3D cone-beam CT models of orthognathic surgery patients
Creators: name: Tucker, GR
name: Phillips, CL
name: Bailey, LJ
name: Cevidanes, LHS
name: Styner, MA
name: Turvey, T
name: Mol, A
name: Proffit, WR
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: To evaluate the registration of 3D models from cone-beam CT (CBCT) images taken before and after orthognathic surgery for the assessment of mandibular anatomy and position.
Accuracy of the new pairing theory and its improvement
Creators: name: Jia, L. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently I proposed a new method for solving the pairing Hamiltonian with the pair-condensate wavefunction ansatz based on the Heisenberg equations of motion for the density matrix operators. In this work an improved version is given by deriving the relevant equations more carefully. I evaluate both versions in a large ensemble with random interactions, and the accuracy of the methods is given statistically in terms of root-mean-square derivations from the exact results. The widely used variational calculation is also done and the results and computing-time costs are compared.
A manufacturer's role in reducing the dose of cone beam computed tomography examinations: effect of beam filtration
Creators: name: Ludlow, J B
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The dosimetry of the Kodak 9500 cone beam CT (CBCT) unit (Carestream Health, Rochester, NY) was measured before and after installation of copper filtration.
Comparison of two methods for quantitative assessment of mandibular asymmetry using cone beam computed tomography image volumes
Creators: name: Ludlow, J
name: Mol, A
name: AlHadidi, A
name: Styner, M
name: Cevidanes, LHS
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The aim of this study was to compare two methods of measuring mandibular asymmetry. The first method uses mirroring of the mandible in the midsagittal plane; the second uses mirroring of the mandible and registration on the cranial base.
title: The synthesis and separation properties of organic cage compounds
Creators: name: Kewley, Adam
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Microporous materials play an important role in a variety of industrial and domestic applications. While a diverse range of microporous materials have been identified, this thesis focuses on porous organic cages (POCs) because they have received much attention as synthetically tunable, solution processable, microporous materials. After introducing the latest developments in POC synthesis and the general application of microporous materials as selective sorbents, this thesis presents three developments in organic cage chemistry: a high-throughput workflow for the discovery of POCs, which yielded a novel organic cage compound; the measurement of selective adsorption by POCs, wherein the first instance of chiral selectivity by a POC was recorded; and the first instance of applying POCs as stationary phases for gas chromatography, which produced columns that separate racemic mixtures, alkylaromatic isomers, and alkane isomers. Chapter 2, discovering novel organic cages, presents attempts to use high-throughput and in-silico techniques to accelerate the discovery of novel organic cages. These methods were utilised to isolate a novel organic cage, CCX-S, which is characterised and discussed. Chapter 3, organic cages as selective sorbents, presents the development of approaches for measuring selective adsorption. These methods were used to identify the first reported instance of enantioselective adsorption by an organic cage. Further measurements to explain this separation behavior are also presented. Chapter 4, chromatographic separations with organic cages, presents one method of practically leveraging the presented separation behavior. In Chapter 4, the coating of capillary columns with CC3 is presented. These columns were used to successfully perform gas chromatographic separations, the first recorded instance of using a POC to do so. The columns were further improved by modifying the coating method and using prefabricated CC3 nanoparticles. This modification enabled difficult separations to be performed using the column; for example, the separation of hexane’s five isomers.
title: Temples in Antis in the bronze and iron ages of the Levant: an archaeological case study of ritual and religion in the ancient Near East
Creators: name: Trow, Rebecca
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Temples in antis first appear in the Early Bronze Age in modern day Syria and gradually spread southwards through the rest of the Levant from the Middle Bronze Age onwards. In Syria, some temples in antis are still found in the Iron Age but they seem to be declining in popularity in this period. This research aims to provide a new definition of temples in antis across the Levant based not only on the architecture as in previous research, but also on the finds within the temples. Looking at the finds as well as the architecture allows a consideration of the nature of activities associated with these buildings, and a comparison between these temples and other types of temples will show whether they represent a new style of cult or simply a new style of architecture to house existing cults. Before considering the temples in antis specifically, this research first presents a summary of research into religion and ritual in archaeology, an area that has been sadly neglected in the past, allowing a definition of what we may be encountering in the case of these temples. It is hoped that this research will add to the recent wave of research on religion in archaeology, acting as a case study that shows how the archaeological remains of religion should be considered as an important piece of evidence allowing us to better understand ancient societies, rather than simply being ignored or treated as something of a joke. In the main part of this research, the entire corpus of temples in antis is collected, and then all the available data on finds from these temples are brought together for analysis. Because of the lack of data for many sites, four case study sites (Ebla, Tel Haror, Tell el-Hayyat and Hazor) were chosen which act as a base to which other, more poorly published sites may be compared. Conclusions based on this research are threefold considering: firstly, what can be determined about religion and ritual in the temple in antis; secondly, how these temples compare to other types of temples; and finally, how these temples, whatever they represent, may have spread.
title: Transition metal terpyridine complexes for molecular electronics
Creators: name: Chappell, Sarah
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Currently there is a huge amount of interest in the synthesis and electrical characterisation of single molecules that have the potential for use in electronic devices. In order for this technology to move forward it is necessary to gain insights into structure-property relationships at the nanoscale, as well as a basic understanding of the charge transport through various molecular architectures. It has previously been demonstrated that the electrical properties of redox active single molecules can be investigated as a function of potential. This thesis investigates the single molecule conductance properties of molecules incorporating a transition metal centre. The research presented in this thesis investigates two major studies. The first is a study into the electrochemical and conductance properties of a variety of transition metal based complexes. Initial electrochemical and conductance investigations of a series of pyterpy transition metal complexes showed a similar conductance for all the series, this was investigated in two different environments. The ligand was then varied and several ruthenium complexes were investigated, to investigate the anchoring group effect and to examine the length and conductance relationship. The data presented here demonstrates a higher conductance for methyl sulphide anchoring group than the pyridyl anchoring group. The data presented showed a low dependence on molecular length, suggesting a hopping transport mechanism. The conductance behaviour of two [M(pyterpy)2](PF6)2 complexes were investigated as a function of potential in an ionic liquid medium. The data presented exhibited an increase in conductance as the redox potential was reached. The second study investigated the conductance behaviour of two 6-porphyrin nanorings. This is the first conductance study on these porphyrin based complexes. The study investigated a ‘complete’ and ‘broken’ nanoring and showed a smaller than expected difference in conductance between them. This preliminary study has allowed for the development of the structure to investigate possible quantum interference effects.
title: Δημιουργία εικονικού και ψηφιακού μουσείου
title: Creation of virtual and digital museum
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Λαγουρός, Ιωάννης
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ψηφιακή τέχνη
Unity
Εκπαιδευτική εμπειρία
Προσβασιμότητα
Μουσεία
Πολιτιστική κληρονομιά
Τρισδιάστατα εικονικά περιβάλλοντα

description: H παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία με τίτλο «Δημιουργία Εικονικού και Ψηφιακού Μουσείου» επικεντρώνεται στη δημιουργία ενός εικονικού μουσείου δεινοσαύρων με τη χρήση της τεχνολογίας Unity. Το εικονικό μουσείο συνδυάζει στοιχεία ηλεκτρονικών παιχνιδιών με την εμπειρία επίσκεψης σε ένα πραγματικό μουσείο, προσφέροντας μια ευχάριστη και διαδραστική ξενάγηση στον κόσμο των δεινοσαύρων. Οι επισκέπτες έχουν τη δυνατότητα να περιηγηθούν στις αίθουσες του μουσείου, να ανακαλύψουν εκθέματα και να αποκτήσουν πληροφορίες για αυτά. Η εμπειρία περιλαμβάνει ρεαλιστικά γραφικά, αναπαραστάσεις των δεινοσαύρων με υψηλή πιστότητα και δραστηριότητες που εμπλουτίζουν την εκπαιδευτική και ψυχαγωγική εμπειρία των επισκεπτών. Μέσω αυτής της εμπειρίας, οι επισκέπτες μπορούν να εξερευνήσουν τα εκθέματα, να μάθουν για την ιστορία των δεινοσαύρων και να απολαύσουν την πλοήγηση στον εικονικό χώρο του μουσείου. Η εφαρμογή αυτή θα μπορούσε να χρησιμοποιηθεί σε διαδικτυακούς τόπους πραγματικών μουσείων, επιτρέποντας στους ενδιαφερόμενους να απολαύσουν μια εικονική επίσκεψη στο μουσείο από τον υπολογιστή τους, χωρίς την ανάγκη να ταξιδέψουν. Αν και παρόμοιες εφαρμογές έχουν ήδη δημιουργηθεί για άλλα μουσεία, η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία στοχεύει στην ανάπτυξη μιας ενιαίας και ενδιαφέρουσας εμπειρίας με τη χρήση της τεχνολογίας Unity. Η παρούσα εργασία αναδεικνύει τη σημασία των ψηφιακών και εικονικών μουσείων στη σύγχρονη κοινωνία, καθώς παρέχουν μια ευέλικτη και προσβάσιμη λύση για την προβολή και την εκπαίδευση σχετικά με τον πολιτισμό και την ιστορία. Συνολικά, η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία προσφέρει μια πρωτότυπη και ενδιαφέρουσα προσέγγιση στη δημιουργία ενός ψηφιακού και εικονικού μουσείου. Αποτελεί ένα σημαντικό βήμα προς την αξιοποίηση της τεχνολογίας για την προώθηση της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς και την προσφορά προσβάσιμων εκπαιδευτικών εμπειριών στο ευρύ κοινό.
Integumentary impressions on hadrosaurid specimens from the Upper Cretaceous (upper Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Canada: implications for integument patterns and hand morphology
Creators: name: Joubarne, Tristan
name: Therrien, François
name: Zelenitsky, Darla K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Fossilized dinosaur skin provides information about scale morphology, scale patterns, and soft-tissue structures that are otherwise unknown from skeletal elements. Here, we describe three indeterminate hadrosaurid specimens with extensive skin impressions from the Upper Cretaceous (upper Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta that shed light on the diversity of integument patterns and manus soft-tissue morphology within Hadrosauridae. Skin impressions on the anterior torso of a juvenile hadrosaurid reveal a scale pattern of alternating vertical bands of small polygonal and pebbly basement scales. If these scale stripes corresponded to color stripes in life then this hadrosaur species may have preferred open habitats, as modern animals with vertical color stripes often live in such habitats. Integument preserved on the manus of two other specimens show that digits II–III–IV were of subequal length and united in a common fleshy structure, as opposed to those previously described from exceptionally preserved Edmontosaurus annectens mummies, in which digit II is apparently shorter and independent from digits III–IV. As such, the diversity of soft-tissue morphology in the manus within Hadrosauridae may be greater than previously realized.
Correlating cone beam CT results with temporomandibular joint pain of osteoarthritic origin
Creators: name: Lim, PF
name: Ludlow, JB
name: Palconet, G
name: Tyndall, DA
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The purpose of this study was to determine whether bony changes in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) is correlated with pain and other clinical signs and symptoms.
Entanglement entropy of electromagnetic edge modes
Creators: name: Donnelly, William
name: Wall, Aron C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vacuum entanglement entropy of Maxwell theory, when evaluated by standard methods, contains an unexpected term with no known statistical interpretation. We resolve this two-decades old puzzle by showing that this term is the entanglement entropy of edge modes: classical solutions determined by the electric field normal to the entangling surface. We explain how the heat kernel regularization applied to this term leads to the negative divergent expression found by Kabat. This calculation also resolves a recent puzzle concerning the logarithmic divergences of gauge fields in 3+1 dimensions.
description: 6 + epsilon pages. v2: Simplified derivation, added references. Matches PRL version
Ex vivo comparison of Galileos cone beam CT and intraoral radiographs in detecting occlusal caries
Creators: name: Wright, JT
name: Everett, E
name: Rathore, S
name: Tyndall, D
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of cone beam CT (CBCT) with intraoral radiographs for detection of occlusal caries.
Solving for the Particle-Number-Projected HFB Wavefunction
Creators: name: Jia, L. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently we proposed a particle-number-conserving theory for nuclear pairing [Jia, Phys. Rev. C 88, 044303 (2013)] through the generalized density matrix formalism. The relevant equations were solved for the case when each single-particle level has a distinct set of quantum numbers and could only pair with its time-reversed partner (BCS-type Hamiltonian). In this work we consider the more general situation when several single-particle levels could have the same set of quantum numbers and pairing among these levels is allowed (HFB-type Hamiltonian). The pair condensate wavefunction (the HFB wavefunction projected onto good particle number) is determined by the equations of motion for density matrix operators instead of the variation principle. The theory is tested in the simple two-level model with factorizable pairing interactions and the semi-realistic model with the zero-range delta interaction.
Sinonasal cavernous haemangioma: a case report
Creators: name: Castillo, M
name: Vargas, M C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Cavernous haemangiomas arising in the paranasal sinuses are very rare. Even though the lesion is benign in nature, its imaging features are non-specific, leading to an incorrect pre-operative diagnosis in most patients. We present a case of a maxillary sinus cavernous haemangioma in a young male. The clinical presentation and imaging characteristics of this entity are reviewed.
title: Antiepileptic drug transport at the blood-brain barrier, the role of the SLC transporter family
Creators: name: Jones, Hayley
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: The transporter hypothesis has been postulated to explain pharmacoresistance in epilepsy. Despite over a decade of research surrounding the drug transporter hypothesis, the role that solute carrier (SLC) transporters might play in this theory remains largely unaddressed. Hence, the major focus of this thesis was to investigate and identify SLC transporter systems of interest that are expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to determine which, if any, of commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are substrates for such transporter systems. Characterisation of AED transport was undertaken using widely reported model systems such as Xenopus laevis oocytes and the human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3), together with novel stably-transfected MDCK II cell lines. Organic anion transporter 1A2 (OATP1A2), the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family and the organic anion transporter (OAT) family were specifically selected for investigation. Valproic acid and gabapentin showed the greatest evidence for SLC-mediated transport by OAT1/OAT3 and MCT1 respectively, while other compounds were largely unremarkable in this respect. Valproic acid transport increased OAT1 overexpressing cells compared to control but decreased in OAT3 overexpressing cells. Gabapentin uptake increased in MCT1 transfected Xenopus laevis oocytes and was shown to decrease in hCMEC/D3 cells in the presence of a panel of MCT inhibitors. The induction/suppression of expression of SLC transporters by AEDs was explored in the hCMEC/D3 cell line, in an attempt to understand how AEDs might influence the functionality of endogenous transport pathways. A number of AEDs were observed to induce/suppress expression of transporter genes involved in transport and detoxification. A further study explored the fundamental physiochemical properties of AEDs, which is relevant to their penetration into the brain. A number of AEDs, including lamotrigine, gabapentin and topiramate, observe adequate uptake in the hCMEC/D3 model of the BBB despite having physiochemical properties, such as a high polar surface area and negative log D value which may limit passive entry into the brain. This would suggest that a carrier mediated system may be involved in the uptake of these drugs into the brain. The work described in this thesis has shown that a number of AEDs may be subject to carrier mediated uptake into the brain. Individual differences in transporter expression at the BBB may be responsible for variability in brain concentrations of AEDs. However, at present, this does not provide us with an adequate explanation for why some people with epilepsy experience pharmacoresistant seizures.
Regional 3D superimposition to assess temporomandibular joint condylar morphology
Creators: name: Cevidanes, L H S
name: Gomes, L C R
name: Benavides, E
name: Nguyen, T
name: Styner, M
name: Schilling, J
name: Paniagua, B
name: Boen, V
name: Gonçalves, J R
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: To investigate the reliability of regional three-dimensional registration and superimposition methods for assessment of temporomandibular joint condylar morphology across subjects and longitudinally.
title: The experience of policing critical incidents: thematic, narrative and interpretative phenomenological analyses
Creators: name: Eyre, Marie
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: A phenomenological approach was adopted to examine police officers’ experiences of U.K. critical incidents. In the U.K. police service, critical incidents (CI) are incidents with a significant impact on the confidence victims, families, and the public have in the police. Data were e-focus groups for: i) operational debriefs (n = 9) and ii) reviews of service delivery (n = 9). With professional participants throughout (N = 250), the project had considerable ecological validity. Experiences of three types of incident, Serious Crime (SC) (n = 6), Counter-terrorist (CT) (n = 6), and Non-criminal (NC) (n = 6) were examined. Three qualitative methods - thematic analysis, interpretative phenomenological analysis, and narrative analysis - provided triangulation of method. Different incident types and police forces provided data triangulation. Results showed that the most common themes revolved around relationships with partners and communities; staff welfare concerns were also highlighted. Common experiences obtained across incident types: exclusion and pressure of incident were negative experiences; professional image and serving victims and families were positive experiences. Differences specific to incident type also emerged: humour was unique to CT experiences and functioned to divert from trauma and reinforce social bonds; taking control was a feature of serious crime incidents; uncertainty was unique to NC incidents. Models of the impact on staff welfare and uncertainty are presented. A social identity model of transforming experiences is also presented. Narrative exemplars are presented: SC incidents had a Media monster narrative; CT incidents had a CONTEST quest narrative; NC incidents had a Cheshire cat narrative. Extant literature is discussed throughout. Findings are discussed in relation to social identity theory.
Effective dose of dental CBCT—a meta analysis of published data and additional data for nine CBCT units
Creators: name: Ludlow, J B
name: Timothy, R
name: Samuelson, D B
name: Hunter, R
name: Walker, C
name: Scheske, M J
name: Benavides, E
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This article analyses dose measurement and effective dose estimation of dental CBCT examinations. Challenges to accurate calculation of dose are discussed and the use of dose–height product (DHP) as an alternative to dose–area product (DAP) is explored.
New mammalian local faunas from the first ca. 80 ka of the Paleocene in northeastern Montana and a revised model of biotic recovery from the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction
Creators: name: Claytor, Jordan R.
name: Weaver, Lucas N.
name: Tobin, Thomas S.
name: Mantilla, Gregory P. Wilson
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology

description: The earliest phases of mammalian recovery following the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) mass extinction are incompletely known but crucial to understanding the development of modern terrestrial ecosystems. Here we report new mammalian faunal data from three vertebrate microfossil assemblages in the Hell Creek region of northeastern Montana, the deposition of which we constrain to within the first 28–80 ka of the Paleocene using new stratigraphic observations within a high-resolution chronostratigraphic framework. We quantified the taxonomic diversity among these three assemblages and five other assemblages from both the Hell Creek region and Denver Basin, together spanning the first ca. 300 ka post-K–Pg mass extinction. Our results allowed us to sub-divide the established ‘disaster’ and ‘recovery’ phases of recovery into the following sub-phases: (i) early disaster, characterized by the presence of ‘dead clades walking,’ high relative abundance of bloom taxa, and the appearance of post-mass-extinction immigrants, (ii) late disaster, characterized by a reduction in the number of ‘dead clades walking,’ continued high relative abundance of bloom taxa, and a more diverse assemblage of immigrants, (iii) early recovery, characterized by decreased relative abundance of bloom taxa, and continued immigration, and (iv) late recovery, characterized by the onset of in situ diversification. We note important differences in the pattern and timing of mammalian faunal succession between the Hell Creek and Denver Basin, suggesting that post-K–Pg mammalian recovery was spatially heterogeneous. Our results provided a new model for post-K–Pg mammalian biotic recovery that can now be tested with other earliest Paleocene assemblages across western North America.
title: An In-Vivo Structural MRI Investigation of Newborn Infants’ Brains: Preterm Infants and Infants born with Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Creators: name: Atkinson, Jessica
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Introduction: It is well documented that preterm infants are less developed than term infants at term age and infants with IUGR are said to be of higher vulnerability. Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) are sensitive to micro structural abnormalities and increases in anisotropy associated with premyelination are the earliest indications of the beginning processes of myelination. Furthermore reductions in brain volumes have been found in preterm infants compared to controls and IUGR infants. Thyroxine (T4) is necessary for normal growth and development of the central nervous system. Infants born preterm miss out on the maternal transfer of T4 that occurs during the third trimester and are born with an underdeveloped thyroid gland that is not yet producing sufficient amounts of T4. Method: Sixty nine infants (51 preterm, 9 IUGR and 9 controls) were imaged on a 1.5 Telsa MRI Scanner. DTI analysis was performed using medical imaging software (DTIstudio). FA and ADC maps were used to draw regions of interest around the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), corpus callosum (CC), frontal lobes (FL) and occipital lobes (OL). The software Brain Voyager QX (version 1.9.10) was used for image realignment and demarcation of T2 Weighted images and the images were analysed using medical imaging software for structure- specific brain volume measurements (Easymeasure). Statistical analysis was conducted with repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS version 18. Results: A significant interaction when investigating anterior vs. posterior structures and laterality of structures with treatment in the frontal lobes and posterior limb of the internal capsule was found suggesting a group difference between infants treated with levothyroxine and those receiving placebo. IUGR infants generally had lower FA and ADC than the control group. Generally lower structural volumes were found in the placebo and IUGR group. Conclusion: Administration of levothyroxine affects the structures on different sides of the brain differently and raises structural volumes. Levothyroxine may be of particular benefit to infants with low levels of thyroxine in their blood (hypothyroxinemia) and male preterm infants. Preterm infants born with intrauterine growth restriction are of higher vulnerability than appropriate for gestational age preterm infants with lower FA, higher ADC and lower structural volumes. Further research is required to fully explore asymmetries in the preterm and IUGR brain and should look at administering levothyroxine to infants with low levels of thyroxine in their blood.
Hot subdwarf binaries from the MUCHFUSS project - Analysis of 12 new systems and a study of the short-period binary population
Creators: name: Kupfer, T.
name: Geier, S.
name: Heber, U.
name: Østensen, R. H.
name: Barlow, B. N.
name: Maxted, P. F. L.
name: Heuser, C.
name: Schaffenroth, V.
name: Gänsicke, B. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The project Massive Unseen Companions to Hot Faint Underluminous Stars from SDSS (MUCHFUSS) aims at finding hot subdwarf stars with massive compact companions like massive white dwarfs (M>1.0 M$_\odot$), neutron stars, or stellar-mass black holes. We present orbital and atmospheric parameters and put constraints on the nature of the companions of 12 close hot subdwarf B star (sdB) binaries found in the course of the MUCHFUSS project. The systems show periods between 0.14 and 7.4 days. Three systems most likely have white dwarf companions. SDSS J083006.17+475150.3 is likely to be a rare example of a low-mass helium-core white dwarf. SDSS J095101.28+034757.0 shows an excess in the infrared that probably originates from a third companion in a wide orbit. SDSS J113241.58-063652.8 is the first helium deficient sdO star with a confirmed close companion. This study brings to 142 the number of sdB binaries with orbital periods of less than 30 days and with measured mass functions. We present an analysis of the minimum companion mass distribution and show that it is bimodal. One peak around 0.1 M$_\odot$ corresponds to the low-mass main sequence and substellar companions. The other peak around 0.4 M$_\odot$ corresponds to the white dwarf companions. The derived masses for the white dwarf companions are significantly lower than the average mass for single carbon-oxygen white dwarfs. In a T$_{\rm eff}$-log(g) diagram of sdB+dM companions, we find signs that the sdB components are more massive than the rest of the sample. The full sample was compared to the known population of extremely low-mass white dwarf binaries as well as short-period white dwarfs with main sequence companions. Both samples show a significantly different companion mass distribution. We calculate merger timescales and timescales when the companion will fill its Roche Lobe and the system evolves into a cataclysmic variable.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 24 pages, 17 figures, 9 table
Stationary intraoral digital tomosynthesis using a carbon nanotube X-ray source array
Creators: name: Lu, J
name: Zhou, O
name: Wu, G
name: Tucker, A W
name: Gaalaas, L R
name: Mol, A
name: Platin, E
name: Shan, J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Intraoral dental tomosynthesis and closely related tuned-aperture CT (TACT) are low-dose three-dimensional (3D) imaging modalities that have shown improved detection of multiple dental diseases. Clinical interest in implementing these technologies waned owing to their time-consuming nature. Recently developed carbon nanotube (CNT) X-ray sources allow rapid multi-image acquisition without mechanical motion, making tomosynthesis a clinically viable technique. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the feasibility of and produce high-quality images from a digital tomosynthesis system employing CNT X-ray technology.
title: Resonancias del Quijote en el siglo XXI 9
Creators: name: Tecnológico de Monterrey
Publisher: name: Tecnológico de Monterrey
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/03ayjn504
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 6.2
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Este 2024, el programa Pasión por la Lectura, iniciativa de la Cátedra Alfonso Reyes del Tecnológico de Monterrey, ha elegido como libro del año al emblemático El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha. Con orgullo se presentan los capítulos XLII, XLIII, XLIV, XLV, XLVII, XLIX, LI y LII de la segunda parte prologados por María Teresa Martínez Trujillo, profesora del Campus Monterrey.
Highly nonlocal optical nonlinearities in atoms trapped near a waveguide
Creators: name: Shahmoon, Ephraim
name: Grisins, Pjotrs
name: Stimming, Hans Peter
name: Mazets, Igor
name: Kurizki, Gershon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear optical phenomena are typically local. Here we predict the possibility of highly nonlocal optical nonlinearities for light propagating in atomic media trapped near a nano-waveguide, where long-range interactions between the atoms can be tailored. When the atoms are in an electromagnetically-induced transparency configuration, the atomic interactions are translated to long-range interactions between photons and thus to highly nonlocal optical nonlinearities. We derive and analyze the governing nonlinear propagation equation, finding a roton-like excitation spectrum for light and the emergence of order in its output intensity. These predictions open the door to studies of unexplored wave dynamics and many-body physics with highly-nonlocal interactions of optical fields in one dimension.
description: 16 pages, including appendices and 5 figures
Unipolar depression does not moderate responses to the Sweet Taste Test
Creators: name: Kampov-Polevoy, Alexey B.
name: Garbutt, James C.
name: Dichter, Gabriel S.
name: Smoski, Moria J.
name: Gallop, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The Sweet Taste Test (STT) measures hedonic responses to sweet tastes and has been linked to both alcoholism and to a family history of alcoholism. However, STT response profiles in unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD), a disorder characterized by anhedonia, have been minimally investigated.
Does the presence of accompanying symptom clusters differentiate the comparative effectiveness of second-line medication strategies for treating depression?
Creators: name: Ellis, Alan R.
name: Dusetzina, Stacie B.
name: Gaynes, Bradley N.
name: Miller, William C.
name: Hansen, Richard A.
name: Farley, Joel F.
name: Stürmer, Til
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We explored whether clinical outcomes differ by treatment strategy following initial antidepressant treatment failure among patients with and without clinically relevant symptom clusters.
Oral Manifestations in the Epidermolysis Bullosa Spectrum
Creators: name: Wright, J. Timothy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The craniofacial and oral manifestations of the different epidermolysis bullosa (EB) types vary markedly in character and severity depending largely on the EB type. The tissues affected and the phenotypes displayed are closely related to the specific abnormal or absent proteins resulting from the causative genetic mutations for these disorders. In this article, the major oral manifestations are reviewed for different EB subtypes and are related to the causative genetic mutations and gene expression.
Diagnosis and Clinical Features of Pemphigus Foliaceus
Creators: name: Culton, Donna A.
name: Diaz, Luis A.
name: James, Kirk A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Pemphigus foliaceus is an acquired autoimmune blistering disease in which the body's immune system produces IgG autoantibodies that target the intercellular adhesion glycoprotein desmoglein-1, which is principally expressed in the granular layer of the epidermis, resulting in the loss of intercellular connections between keratinocytes (acantholysis) and the formation of subcorneal blisters within the epidermis. This article summarizes the epidemiology, clinical features, techniques for diagnosis, and drugs associated with treatment of this rare disease.
title: An examination of the changing experience of Irish female migrants in Liverpool, from the Great Famine to post-World War Two re-development
Creators: name: Taylor, Pamela
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Liverpool's world-wide transport links, and its close proximity to Ireland, rendered it a most convenient - if not always the most welcoming - destination for large numbers of female migrants. Therefore, the initial purpose of this study is to compare the migration experience of Irish women who settled in Liverpool between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, to examine whether that experience changed over time and, if it did, to establish the nature of that change. Beginning with an examination of the perception of the Irish by their British neighbours, and how extremely high levels of settlement in Liverpool shaped attitudes there, exploration is made of the way these attitudes were reflected in that city's treatment of Irish migrants. Secondly, consideration is given to expressions of prevailing ideology surrounding women's role within the home and in the wider society, that the influences and pressures that were brought to bear upon Iirsh women - in Ireland and in Britain - might be examined. Thirdly, examination is made of the economic climate in Liverpool, particularly in connection with female work opportunities, which set the scene for examination of employment trends amongst female migrants. The scale of the Irish presence in Liverpool, and its impact, coloured local perceptions for many years, the sense of and alien 'other' in their midst frequently errupting in expressions of resentment and hostility. Meanwhile, attitudes towards women - in Ireland and in Britain - saw society seek to control them through the imposition of social, moral and economic restrictions, and penalize those who stepped beyond these perameters. Moreover, Liverpool's over-reliance upon maritime commerce, rather than manufacturing, presented women with few opportunities for gainful employment. Those available were very often low status, poorly paid, and confined to a narrow range, yet underemployment amongst men in Liverpool rendered women's earnings an essential part of family incomes. In response, Irish women moved into occupations less popular with locally-born women, and made them their own, becoming particularly noted as street vendors and domestic servants. Indeed, the steady stream of female migrants willing to work in domestic service ensured that it remained a major field of female employment in Liverpool far longer than in other parts of Britain, even during the Second World War. In the process they created a tradition of working mothers which drew criticism from those in authority, and the attention of social reformers. Migration changed the lives of these women, it changed the country they left, and it changed the city that became their new home.
ETHICS OF MANDATORY PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF GOMA, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
Creators: name: MUPENDA, BAVON
name: RENNIE, STUART
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Despite decades of prevention efforts, millions of persons worldwide continue to become infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) every year. This urgent problem of global epidemic control has recently lead to significant changes in HIV testing policies. Provider-initiated approaches to HIV testing have been embraced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization, such as those that routinely inform persons that they will be tested for HIV unless they explicitly refuse (‘opt out’). While these policies appear to increase uptake of testing, they raise a number of ethical concerns that have been debated in journals and at international AIDS conferences. However, one special form of ‘provider-initiated’ testing is being practiced and promoted in various parts of the world, and has advocates within international health agencies, but has received little attention in the bioethical literature: mandatory premarital HIV testing. This article analyses some of the key ethical issues related to mandatory premarital HIV testing in resource-poor settings with generalized HIV epidemics. We will first briefly mention some mandatory HIV premarital testing proposals, policies and practices worldwide, and offer a number of conceptual and factual distinctions to help distinguish different types of mandatory testing policies. Using premarital testing in Goma (Democratic Republic of Congo) as a point of departure, we will use influential public health ethics principles to evaluate different forms of mandatory testing. We conclude by making concrete recommendations concerning the place of mandatory premarital testing in the struggle against HIV/AIDS.
ACCESS TO TREATMENT IN HIV PREVENTION TRIALS: PERSPECTIVES FROM A SOUTH AFRICAN COMMUNITY: Access to Treatment: Community Perspectives
Creators: name: SLACK, CATHERINE
name: BARSDORF, NICOLA
name: KASS, NANCY
name: MAMAN, SUZANNE
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Access to treatment, in HIV vaccine trials (HVTs), remains ethically controversial. In most prevention trials, including in South Africa, participants who seroconvert are referred to publicly funded programmes for treatment. This strategy is problematic when there is inadequate and uneven access to public sector antiretroviral therapy (ART) and support resources. The responsibilities, if any, of researchers, sponsors and public health authorities involved in HVTs has been hotly debated among academics, scholars, representatives of international organizations and sponsors. However, there is little published on community perceptions. Recent guidance asserts that communities should make inputs into treatment and care decisions. This qualitative study explored a South African community’s perceptions of who should provide what to HVT participants as well as how and why this should be done. Twenty-nine adults working at or attending five primary health care clinics in two rural areas in KwaZulu-Natal participated in in-depth interviews. Respondents expressed that researchers should ‘help participants to access’ treatment and care ‘because they are in a position to do so’ and ‘are in a relationship with’ trial participants. Respondents suggested that researchers could help by ‘facilitating referral’ until such time that participants can access care and treatment on their own. We highlight a series of implications for researchers in HVTs, including their need to be aware of prospective participants’ considerable trust in and respect for researchers, the responsibility that this places on them, and the need for clear communication with communities so as not to erode community trust.
Ethical Use of Antiretroviral Resources for HIV Prevention in Resource Poor Settings: Ethical Use of ARVs in Resource Poor Settings
Creators: name: Rennie, Stuart
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The effectiveness of antiretroviral regimes (ARVs) to reduce risk of HIV transmission from mother to child and as post-exposure prophylaxis has been known for almost two decades. Recent research indicates ARVs can also reduce the risk of HIV transmission via sexual intercourse in two other ways. With pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), ARVs are used to reduce risk of HIV acquisition among persons who are HIV negative and significantly exposed to the virus. With treatment as prevention (TasP), ARVs are used to reduce risk of HIV transmission from persons who are already HIV positive. The development of these new prevention strategies raises a rationing problem: given the chronic shortage of ARVs for HIV-infected persons in need of treatment, is it ethically justified to allocate ARVs for PrEP and/or TasP? This article examines the intuitively appealing view that allocation of ARVs for treatment should be the highest priority, the use of ARVs for TasP should be a secondary priority, and that utilizing ARVs for PrEP would be unethical. I will argue that selective, evidence-based allocation of ARVs for prevention in certain cases could be ethically justified even when there is insufficient anti-retroviral access for all those needing it for treatment.