cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Detection of Lyman-Alpha Emission From a Triple Imaged z=6.85 Galaxy Behind MACS J2129.4-0741
Creators: name: Huang, Kuang-Han
name: Lemaux, Brian C.
name: Schmidt, Kasper B.
name: Hoag, Austin
name: Bradač, Maruša
name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Dijkstra, Mark
name: Fontana, Adriano
name: Henry, Alaina
name: Malkan, Matthew
name: Mason, Charlotte
name: Morishita, Takahiro
name: Pentericci, Laura
name: Ryan, Russell E.
name: Trenti, Michele
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of Ly$α$ emission at $\sim9538$Å in the Keck/DEIMOS and \HST WFC3 G102 grism data from a triply-imaged galaxy at $z=6.846\pm0.001$ behind galaxy cluster MACS J2129.4$-$0741. Combining the emission line wavelength with broadband photometry, line ratio upper limits, and lens modeling, we rule out the scenario that this emission line is \oii at $z=1.57$. After accounting for magnification, we calculate the weighted average of the intrinsic Ly$α$ luminosity to be $\sim1.3\times10^{42}~\mathrm{erg}~\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ and Ly$α$ equivalent width to be $74\pm15$Å. Its intrinsic UV absolute magnitude at 1600Å is $-18.6\pm0.2$ mag and stellar mass $(1.5\pm0.3)\times10^{7}~M_{\odot}$, making it one of the faintest (intrinsic $L_{UV}\sim0.14~L_{UV}^*$) galaxies with Ly$α$ detection at $z\sim7$ to date. Its stellar mass is in the typical range for the galaxies thought to dominate the reionization photon budget at $z\gtrsim7$; the inferred Ly$α$ escape fraction is high ($\gtrsim 10$\%), which could be common for sub-$L^*$ $z\gtrsim7$ galaxies with Ly$α$ emission. This galaxy offers a glimpse of the galaxy population that is thought to drive reionization, and it shows that gravitational lensing is an important avenue to probe the sub-$L^*$ galaxy population.
description: Accepted by ApJ Letters
Objective Bayesian Analysis of the Yule-Simon Distribution with Applications
Creators: name: Leisen, Fabrizio
name: Rossini, Luca
name: Villa, Cristiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Yule-Simon distribution is usually employed in the analysis of frequency data. As the Bayesian literature, so far, ignored this distribution, here we show the derivation of two objective priors for the parameter of the Yule-Simon distribution. In particular, we discuss the Jeffreys prior and a loss-based prior, which has recently appeared in the literature. We illustrate the performance of the derived priors through a simulation study and the analysis of real datasets.
description: 24 pages, 11 Figures, 7 Tables
Noise in optical quantum memories based on dynamical decoupling of spin states
Creators: name: Cruzeiro, Emmanuel Zambrini
name: Fröwis, Florian
name: Timoney, Nuala
name: Afzelius, Mikael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-lived optical quantum memories are of great importance for scalable distribution of entanglement over remote networks (e.g. quantum repeaters). Long-lived storage generally relies on storing the optical states as spin excitations since these often exhibit long coherence times. To extend the storage time beyond the intrinsic spin dephasing time one can use dynamical decoupling techniques. However, it has been shown that dynamical decoupling introduces noise in optical quantum memories based on ensembles of atoms. In this article a simple model is proposed to calculate the resulting signal-to-noise ratio, based on intrinsic quantum memory parameters such as the optical depth of the ensemble. We also characterize several dynamical decoupling sequences that are efficient in reducing this particular noise. Our calculations indicate that it should be feasible to reach storage times well beyond one second under reasonable experimental conditions.
EUV-driven ionospheres and electron transport on extrasolar giant planets orbiting active stars
Creators: name: Chadney, J. M.
name: Galand, M.
name: Koskinen, T. T.
name: Miller, S.
name: Sanz-Forcada, J.
name: Unruh, Y. C.
name: Yelle, R. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The composition and structure of the upper atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets (EGPs) are affected by the high-energy spectrum of their host stars from soft X-rays to EUV. This emission depends on the activity level of the star, which is primarily determined by its age. We focus upon EGPs orbiting K- and M-dwarf stars of different ages. XUV spectra for these stars are constructed using a coronal model. These spectra are used to drive both a thermospheric model and an ionospheric model, providing densities of neutral and ion species. Ionisation is included through photo-ionisation and electron-impact processes. We find that EGP ionospheres at all orbital distances considered and around all stars selected are dominated by the long-lived H$^+$ ion. In addition, planets with upper atmospheres where H$_2$ is not substantially dissociated have a layer in which H$_3^+$ is the major ion at the base of the ionosphere. For fast-rotating planets, densities of short-lived H$_3^+$ undergo significant diurnal variations, with the maximum value being driven by the stellar X-ray flux. In contrast, densities of longer-lived H$^+$ show very little day/night variability and the magnitude is driven by the level of stellar EUV flux. The H$_3^+$ peak in EGPs with upper atmospheres where H$_2$ is dissociated under strong stellar illumination is pushed to altitudes below the homopause, where this ion is likely to be destroyed through reactions with heavy species. The inclusion of secondary ionisation processes produces significantly enhanced ion and electron densities at altitudes below the main EUV ionisation peak, as compared to models that do not include electron-impact ionisation. We estimate infrared emissions from H$_3^+$, and while, in an H/H$_2$/He atmosphere, these are larger from planets orbiting close to more active stars, they still appear too low to be detected with current observatories.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A (copy-edited version)
Distributed Parallel D8 Up-Slope Area Calculation in Digital Elevation Models
Creators: name: Barnes, Richard
name: Lehman, Clarence
name: Mulla, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a parallel algorithm for calculating the eight-directional (D8) up-slope contributing area in digital elevation models (DEMs). In contrast with previous algorithms, which have potentially unbounded inter-node communications, the algorithm presented here realizes strict bounds on the number of inter-node communications. Those bounds in turn allow D8 attributes to be processed for arbitrarily large DEMs on hardware ranging from average desktops to supercomputers. The algorithm can use the OpenMP and MPI parallel computing models, either in combination or separately. It partitions the DEM between slave nodes, calculates an internal up-slope area by replacing information from other slaves with variables representing unknown quantities, passes the results on to a master node which combines all the slaves' data, and passes information back to each slave, which then computes its final result. In this way each slave's DEM partition is treated as a simple unit in the DEM as a whole and only two communications take place per node.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 8 algorithms
Artificial Perfect Electric Conductor-Perfect Magnetic Conductor Anisotropic Metasurface for Generating Orbital Angular Momentum of Microwave with Nearly Perfect Conversion Efficiency
Creators: name: Chen, Menglin L. N.
name: Jiang, Li Jun
name: Sha, Wei E. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a promising degree of freedom for fundamental studies in electromagnetics and quantum mechanics. The unlimited state space of OAM shows a great potential to enhance channel capacities of classical and quantum communications. By exploring the Pancharatnam-Berry phase concept and engineering anisotropic scatterers in a metasurface with spatially varying orientations, a plane wave with zero OAM can be converted to a vortex beam carrying nonzero OAM. In this paper, we proposed two types of novel PEC (perfect electric conductor)-PMC (perfect magnetic conductor) anisotropic metasurfaces. One is composed of azimuthally continuous loops and the other is constructed by azimuthally discontinuous dipole scatterers. Both types of metasurfaces are mounted on a mushroom-type high impedance surface. Compared to previous metasurface designs for generating OAM, the proposed ones achieve nearly perfect conversion efficiency. In view of the eliminated vertical component of electric field, the continuous metasurface shows very smooth phase pattern at the near-field region, which cannot be achieved by convectional metasurfaces composed of discrete scatterers. On the other hand, the metasurface with discrete dipole scatterers shows a great flexibility to generate OAM with arbitrary topological charges. Our work is fundamentally and practically important to high-performance OAM generation.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
Mid-infrared surface plasmon polariton chemical sensing on fiber-coupled ITO coated glass
Creators: name: Martinez, Javier
name: Rodenas, Airan
name: Aguilo, Magdalena
name: Fernandez, Toney
name: Solis, Javier
name: Diaz, Francesc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel fiber-coupled ITO coated glass slide sensor for performing surface plasmon polariton chemical monitoring in the 3.5 um mid-IR range is reported. Efficient mid-IR fiber coupling is achieved with 3D laser written waveguides, and the coupling of glass waveguide modes to ITO SPPs is driven by the varying phase matching conditions of different aqueous analytes across the anomalous dispersion range determined by their molecular fingerprints. By means of using both a mid-IR fiber supercontinuum source and a diode laser the excitation of SPPs is demonstrated. The efficient optical monitoring of mid-IR SPPs in smart glass could have a broad range of applications in biological and chemical sensing.
Mobile quantum gravity sensor with unprecedented stability
Creators: name: Freier, Christian
name: Hauth, Matthias
name: Schkolnik, Vladimir
name: Leykauf, Bastian
name: Schilling, Manuel
name: Wziontek, Hartmut
name: Scherneck, Hans-Georg
name: Müller, Jürgen
name: Peters, Achim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Changes of surface gravity on Earth are of great interest in geodesy, earth sciences and natural resource exploration. They are indicative of Earth system's mass redistributions and vertical surface motion, and are usually measured with falling corner-cube- and superconducting gravimeters (FCCG and SCG). Here we report on absolute gravity measurements with a mobile quantum gravimeter based on atom interferometry. The measurements were conducted in Germany and Sweden over periods of several days with simultaneous SCG and FCCG comparisons. They show the best-reported performance of mobile atomic gravimeters to date with an accuracy of $\mathrm{39\,nm/s^2}$ and long-term stability of $\mathrm{0.5\,nm/s^2}$ short-term noise of $96\,\mathrm{nm/s^2/\sqrt{Hz}}$. These measurements highlight the unique properties of atomic sensors. The achieved level of performance in a transportable instrument enables new applications in geodesy and related fields, such as continuous absolute gravity monitoring with a single instrument under rough environmental conditions.
description: Proceedings for the 8th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology, Potsdam (Germany), 12-16 Oct. 2015, 6 pages, 4 figures, 27 references
Formation of deuterons by coalescence: Consequences on the deuteron number fluctuations
Creators: name: Feckova, Zuzana
name: Steinheimer, Jan
name: Tomasik, Boris
name: Bleicher, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two scenarios for cluster production have since long been discussed in the literature: i) direct emission of the clusters from a (grand canonical) thermal source or ii) subsequent formation of the clusters by coalescence of single nucleons. While both approaches have been successfully applied in the past it has not yet been clarified which of the two mechanisms dominates the cluster production. We propose to use recently developed event-by-event techniques to study particle multiplicity fluctuations on nuclear clusters and employ this analysis to the deuteron number fluctuations to disentangle the two production mechanisms. We argue that for a grand canonical cluster formation, the cluster fluctuations will follow Poisson distribution, while for the coalescence scenario, the fluctuations will strongly deviate from the Poisson expectation. We estimate the effect to be 10% for the variance and up to a factor of 5 for the kurtosis of the deuteron number multiplicity distribution. Our prediction can be tested in the beam energy scan program at RHIC as well as experiments at the FAIR and NICA facilities.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
title: Using Radon-222 and concurrent flow gauging to understand groundwater and surface water interaction in the Lower Kauru River, North Otago
Creators: name: Coble, Matthew A.
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2023

description: Understanding groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interaction processes is integral for comprehending the hydrological characteristics of a catchment. Knowledge of the GW–SW relationship is also required for effective management of freshwater resources, such as setting of minimum flows and GW–SW allocation limits. This report details a combined approach using Radon-222 and concurrent flow gauging to investigate GW–SW interaction between the Kakanui-Kauru Alluvial Aquifer and the Kauru River, North Otago. This survey was undertaken collaboratively by the Otago Regional Council and GNS Science in March 2023 along a 5.7 km reach of the Lower Kauru River. Results confirms that the Lower Kauru River is a losing reach, with flow decreasing by~35% over 5.7 km from the Kauru Hill Road Bridge to the Kakanui Valley Road Bridge. Radon concentrations generally increased along the investigated Lower Kauru River reach. The presence of elevated radon (>0.5 Bq/L) in the Kauru River along a significant proportion of the surveyed reach suggests groundwater discharge from the Kakanui-Kauru Alluvial Aquifer to river flow. Groundwater discharge to the Kauru River increases downriver based on increased radon concentrations, despite the overall reduced river flow in this reach. The hydrochemical composition of the Kakanui-Kauru Alluvial Aquifer at bore J41/0763 overlaps the composition of the Kauru River surface water measured in three locations along the investigated reach. This, in addition to increased radon concentration at bore J41/0763, suggests that the hyporheic zone (the region of sediment beneath and alongside a riverbed where shallow groundwater and surface water are mixing) plays an important role by facilitating the mixing of shallow groundwater and surface water. Overall, these results show that the surface water and groundwater are highly connected along the Lower Kauru River
Kia tūhonohono i a tātou: Indigenous research methodologies - early childhood research perspectives and policy initiatives underpinning educational administration and leadership in Aotearoa New Zealand
Creators: name: Glasgow, Ali
name: Skerrett, Mary
name: Ritchie, Jenny
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: No description supplied
Spectral analysis of two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard models
Creators: name: Fischer, David
name: Hoffmann, Darius
name: Wimberger, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One-dimensional Bose-Hubbard models are well known to obey a transition from regular to quantum-chaotic spectral statistics. We are extending this concept to relatively simple two-dimensional many-body models. Also in two dimensions a transition from regular to chaotic spectral statistics is found and discussed. In particular, we analyze the dependence of the spectral properties on the bond number of the two-dimensional lattices and the applied boundary conditions. For maximal connectivity, the systems behave most regularly in agreement with the applicability of mean-field approaches in the limit of many nearest-neighbor couplings at each site.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
On the depletion and accretion timescales of cold gas in local early-type galaxies
Creators: name: Davis, Timothy A.
name: Bureau, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider what can be learnt about the processes of gas accretion and depletion from the kinematic misalignment between the cold/warm gas and stars in local early-type galaxies. Using simple analytic arguments and a toy model of the processes involved, we show that the lack of objects with counter-rotating gas reservoirs strongly constrains the relaxation, depletion and accretion timescales of gas in early-type galaxies. Standard values of the accretion rate, star formation efficiency and relaxation rate are not simultaneously consistent with the observed distribution of kinematic misalignments. To reproduce that distribution, both fast gas depletion ($t_{\rm dep} <10^8$ yr; e.g. more efficient star formation) and fast gas destruction (e.g. by active galactic nucleus feedback) can be invoked, but both also require a high rate of gas-rich mergers ($>1$ Gyr$^{-1}$). Alternatively, the relaxation of misaligned material could happen over very long timescales ($\simeq100$ dynamical times or $\approx1$-$5$ Gyr). We explore the various physical processes that could lead to fast gas depletion and/or slow gas relaxation, and discuss the prospects of using kinematic misalignments to probe gas-rich accretion processes in the era of large integral-field spectroscopic surveys.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Empirical formula of crustal torsional oscillations
Creators: name: Sotani, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crustal torsional oscillations depend on not only crust properties but also the stellar mass and radius. Thus, one could extract stellar information by identifying the observed frequencies of stellar oscillations with the crustal torsional oscillations. Owing to the confinement of torsional oscillations inside the crust region of neutron stars, we successfully derive an empirical formula for the fundamental crustal torsional oscillations as a function of the stellar mass, radius, the so-called slope parameter of the nuclear symmetry energy, and the angular index of oscillations, with which one can estimate the frequencies with high accuracy. This empirical formula could be valuable in both the astrophysics and nuclear physics communities.
description: accepted for publication in PRD
Impasse, pharmacology, bed, crying: A Neurodivergent Artistic Practice
Creators: name: CUMMINS, ANITA MAY
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fine arts
Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This exegesis considered the theory of the impasse, the bed, crying and pharmacology. Through methods of consumption and collecting, with a focus on the bed as a location in which Anita’s impasse takes place, they developed a neurodivergent project of self-portraiture. They utilised the writing of cultural theorist Lauren Berlant to explore fields of distress-related habits manifested via collage. The concepts of productivity and unproductivity, crying and crip-time were investigated through the lens of disability justice, provided by the writings of disability scholars. Through the collection and reconfiguration of ordinary materials, artworks were created and repeated habits revealed and discussed.
Vereinfachte Herstellung und verbesserte Osseointegration von Ti-6Al-4V-Implantaten? In vivo Testung des neuartigen Schleudergussverfahrens sowie der Kalzium- und Phosphorionenimplantation im Tiermodell
Creators: name: Wölfle-Roos, Julia V.
name: Katmer, Betuel
name: Kappelt, Gerhard
name: Michels, Heiner
name: Ignatius, Anita
name: Reichel, Heiko
name: Brenner, Rolf
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2019

description: Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, 22. bis 25. Oktober 2019, Messegelände Süd, Berlin Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, DKOU 2019, Berlin, Germany, 22 Oct 2019 - 25 Oct 2019; Düsseldorf : German Medical Science GMS Publishing House (2019). doi:10.3205/19DKOU100
description: Published by German Medical Science GMS Publishing House, Düsseldorf
Probing the spin of the central black hole in the galactic centre with secondary images
Creators: name: Jørgensen, Jonas Helboe
name: Bjælde, Ole Ole Eggers
name: Hannestad, Steen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper explores the possibility of determining the spin of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in Sgr A*, by using secondary images of stars orbiting the SMBH. The photons propagate close to the SMBH and their trajectories probe the space time in a region where the spin of the SMBH is important. We find the appearance of spikes in the secondary image, which depends on the angular momentum and spin axis of the SMBH and study the specific case of the star S2 in detail. The spikes has a magnitude of $\sim 29$ in the K-band and the required angular resolution is of order 15-20 $μ$as. The combination of these two requirements poses an extreme observational challenge, but might be possible with interferometric observations in the sub-mm regime. The next possible time frame for observing this effect on the star S2 is in the late 2017 and then it repeats with the period of the star.
description: Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Time-dependent suppression of oscillatory power in evolving solar magnetic fields
Creators: name: Prasad, S. Krishna
name: Jess, D. B.
name: Jain, R.
name: Keys, P. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oscillation amplitudes are generally smaller within magnetically active regions like sunspots and plage, when compared to their surroundings. Such magnetic features, when viewed in spatially-resolved powermaps, appear as regions of suppressed power due to reductions in the oscillation amplitudes. Employing high spatial- and temporal-resolution observations from the Dunn Solar Telescope (DST) in New Mexico, we study the power suppression in a region of evolving magnetic fields adjacent to a pore. By utilising wavelet analysis, we study for the first time, how the oscillatory properties in this region change as the magnetic field evolves with time. Image sequences taken in the blue continuum, G-band, Ca~\textsc{ii}~K and H$α$ filters were used in this study. It is observed that the suppression found in the chromosphere occupies a relatively larger area confirming previous findings. Also, the suppression is extended to structures directly connected to the magnetic region and is found to get enhanced as the magnetic field strength increased with time. The dependence of the suppression on the magnetic field strength is greater at longer periods and higher formation heights. Furthermore, the dominant periodicity in the chromosphere was found to be anti-correlated with increases in the magnetic field strength.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ (in press)
Biophysical Measurements of Cells, Microtubules, and DNA with an Atomic Force Microscope
Creators: name: Devenica, Luka M.
name: Contee, Clay
name: Cabrejo, Raysa
name: Kurek, Matthew
name: Deveney, Edward F.
name: Carter, Ashley R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic force microscopes (AFMs) are ubiquitous in research laboratories and have recently been priced for use in teaching laboratories. Here we review several AFM platforms (Dimension 3000 by Digital Instruments, EasyScan2 by Nanosurf, ezAFM by Nanomagnetics, and TKAFM by Thorlabs) and describe various biophysical experiments that could be done in the teaching laboratory using these instruments. In particular, we focus on experiments that image biological materials and quantify biophysical parameters: 1) imaging cells to determine membrane tension, 2) imaging microtubules to determine their persistence length, 3) imaging the random walk of DNA molecules to determine their contour length, and 4) imaging stretched DNA molecules to measure the tensional force.
description: 29 page preprint, 7 figures, 1 table
The Reality of Free Will
Creators: name: Janew, Claus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Philosophy not elsewhere classified
Philosophy of cognition
Philosophy of mind (excl. cognition)
Philosophical psychology (incl. moral psychology and philosophy of action)

description: The uniqueness of each standpoint, each point of effect, can only be "overcome" by the standpoint changing to other standpoints and returning. In such alternation, which can also appear as constant change, lies the unity of the world. The entirety of an alternation, however, is a consciousness structure due to the special relationship between the circumscribing periphery and the infinitesimal center. This process structure unites determinacy and indeterminacy also totally at every place. Therefore, we are dealing with forms of consciousness everywhere, with more or less freedom of choice and an increasingly unknown depth. We live in a world of the choosing consciousness or better: awareness. In this respect, our environment expresses a deep truth about ourselves.
 Published in: Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research (2020), 11(1), p.1-16.
Checkpoints for Challgenge "CVPPA@ICCV'23: Hierarchical Panoptic Segmentation of Crops and Weeds" (3rd rank)
Creators: name: Güldenring, Ronja
name: Nalpantidis, Lazaros
Publisher: name: Technical University of Denmark
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 461103
subject: Deep learning
classificationCode: 300202
subject: Agricultural land management

description: For the task of "Hierarchical Panoptic Segmentation of Crops and Weeds", we trained three different Mask2Former models on the different granularity levels, leading to a final score of PQ+ = 81.06 . The code is at https://github.com/DTU-PAS/phenobench_challenge. Please download the weights in order to generate the predictions corresponding to the final submission.
The interaction of sleep disordered breathing and cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure
Creators: name: Mansfield., Darren R.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Adsorption structures and energetics of molecules on metal surfaces: Bridging experiment and theory
Creators: name: Maurer, Reinhard J.
name: Ruiz, Victor G.
name: Camarillo-Cisneros, Javier
name: Liu, Wei
name: Ferri, Nicola
name: Reuter, Karsten
name: Tkatchenko, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adsorption geometry and stability of organic molecules on surfaces are key parameters that determine the observable properties and functions of hybrid inorganic/organic systems (HIOSs). Despite many recent advances in precise experimental characterization and improvements in first-principles electronic structure methods, reliable databases of structures and energetics for large adsorbed molecules are largely amiss. In this review, we present such a database for a range of molecules adsorbed on metal single-crystal surfaces. The systems we analyze include noble-gas atoms, conjugated aromatic molecules, carbon nanostructures, and heteroaromatic compounds adsorbed on five different metal surfaces. The overall objective is to establish a diverse benchmark dataset that enables an assessment of current and future electronic structure methods, and motivates further experimental studies that provide ever more reliable data. Specifically, the benchmark structures and energetics from experiment are here compared with the recently developed van der Waals (vdW) inclusive density-functional theory (DFT) method, DFT+vdW$^{\mathrm{surf}}$. In comparison to 23 adsorption heights and 17 adsorption energies from experiment we find a mean average deviation of 0.06 Å and 0.16 eV, respectively. This confirms the DFT+vdW$^{\mathrm{surf}}$ method as an accurate and efficient approach to treat HIOSs. A detailed discussion identifies remaining challenges to be addressed in future development of electronic structure methods, for which the here presented benchmark database may serve as an important reference.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures in Progress in Surface Science, 2016
Superlattice gain in positive differential conductivity region
Creators: name: Winge, David O.
name: Franckié, Martin
name: Wacker, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze theoretically a superlattice structure proposed by A. Andronov et al. [JETP Lett 102, 207 (2015)] to give Terahertz gain for an operation point with positive differential conductivity. Here we confirm the existence of gain and show that an optimized structure displays gain above 20 cm$^{-1}$ at low temperatures, so that lasing may be observable. Comparing a variety of simulations, this gain is found to be strongly affected by elastic scattering. It is shown that the dephasing modifies the nature of the relevant states, so that the common analysis based on Wannier-Stark states is not reliable for a quantitative description of the gain in structures with extremely diagonal transitions.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Emergence of event cascades in inhomogeneous networks
Creators: name: Onaga, Tomokatsu
name: Shinomoto, Shigeru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a commonality among contagious diseases, tweets, urban crimes, nuclear reactions, and neuronal firings that past events facilitate the future occurrence of events. The spread of events has been extensively studied such that the systems exhibit catastrophic chain reactions if the interaction represented by the ratio of reproduction exceeds unity; however, their subthreshold states for the case of the weaker interaction are not fully understood. Here, we report that these systems are possessed by nonstationary cascades of event-occurrences already in the subthreshold regime. Event cascades can be harmful in some contexts, when the peak-demand causes vaccine shortages, heavy traffic on communication lines, frequent crimes, or large fluctuations in nuclear reactions, but may be beneficial in other contexts, such that spontaneous activity in neural networks may be used to generate motion or store memory. Thus it is important to comprehend the mechanism by which such cascades appear, and consider controlling a system to tame or facilitate fluctuations in the event-occurrences. The critical interaction for the emergence of cascades depends greatly on the network structure in which individuals are connected. We demonstrate that we can predict whether cascades may emerge in a network, given information about the interactions between individuals. Furthermore, we develop a method of reallocating connections among individuals so that event cascades may be either impeded or impelled in a network.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
title: Industrial walking tour in Tavros and the Eleonas of Athens with the use of historical banking archives
title: Βιομηχανικός περίπατος στην περιοχή του Ταύρου και του Ελαιώνα των Αθηνών με τη χρήση ιστορικών τραπεζικών αρχείων
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ραμαντάνογλου, Δημήτριος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2022
Subjects: Industrial walking tours
Industrialization
Archival memory
Historical banking archives
Truman Doctrine
European Recovery Program
Marshall Plan
Central Loan Committee
Historical Archives of PIOP

description: The thesis evolved over a period of four years and examines the creation of an industrial walking tour in the area of Tavros and the Eleonas of Athens through the study of historical banking archives pertaining to the Reconstruction period (1948-1951) and the following decades in Greece that were deposited in the Historical Archives of the Piraeus Bank Group Cultural Foundation. Financial archival sources provided material for stories that seek to animate the industrial landscape. Specific themes refer to the gradual electrification of manufacturing plants, the import of raw material, the presence of entrepreneurs and industrial workers, modernization practices, the evolution of the industrial landscape and the construction and maintenance of manufacturing firms in Tavros. The European Recovery Program (ERP) was instrumental for the industrialization of the former agricultural area of Tavros. The process of «cultural anamnesis» evoked through the built heritage that is preserved or enters the realm of memory is reinforced by the use of banking archives and takes into consideration the results of historical scholarship relating to the period under examination. The industrial walking tour of the Historical Archives of PIOP for general audiences has been offered in Tavros since 2019.
Particle Physics and Condensed Matter: The Saga Continues
Creators: name: Wilczek, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ideas from quantum field theory and topology have proved remarkably fertile in suggesting new phenomena in the quantum physics of condensed matter. Here I'll supply some broad, unifying context, both conceptual and historical, for the abundance of results reported at the Nobel Symposium on "New Forms of Matter, Topological Insulators and Superconductors". Since they distill some most basic ideas in their simplest forms, these concluding remarks might also serve, for non-specialists, as an introduction.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures. Invited presentation of concluding remarks at Nobel Symposium 156 on New Forms of Matter, Topological Insulators and Superconductors, June 13-15 2014, H\"ogberga G{\aa}rd, Stockholm
Integrating photoelectrochemical charging into lithium batteries for use as a single multifunctional device
Creators: name: Tupberg, Chayopas
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: Photoelectrochemistry
Lithium-ion battery
LiMn₂O₄

description: Solar energy is a promising renewable energy resource. The energy from the sun is typically converted by solar cells and collected into a battery in the form of chemicals. It requires at least two devices for energy conversion and storage. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are widely used nowadays because of their high energy density. Lithium manganese oxide, particularly LiMn₂O₄, is commonly used as positive electrodes for lithium batteries. Due to its semiconducting property, it is intriguing to integrate photoelectrochemical charging into lithium-ion batteries for use as a single multifunctional device. Lithium manganospinel was synthesised using sol- gel methods. The effects of calcination temperatures and the molar ratio of Li/Mn defined the lithium manganospinels in the binary LiMn₂O₄–Li₂Mn₄O₉ and the ternary LiMn₂O₄–Li₂Mn₄O₉–Li₄Mn₅O₁₂ systems. To allow the light transmission to interact with LiMn₂O₄ at the electrode/electrolyte interface, LiMn₂O₄ was prepared by spin-coating on a transparent conducting oxide-coated glass substrate. The sol-gel method using methanol as a solvent provided a homogeneous and good-quality film. The film of pure defect spinel Li₀.₉₅₅Mn₁.₉₁₀O₄ calcined at 400 ̊C was mainly studied in this work. The 200 nm thick Li₀.₉₅₅Mn₁.₉₁₀O₄ film coated on F-doped SnO₂ glass substrate possessed a band gap energy of 2.7 eV. Photoelectrochemical cells were built to test the films of Li₀.₉₅₅Mn₁.₉₁₀O₄ in LiNO₃ solution as an aqueous electrolyte and 1 M LiPF₆ in EC/DEC (1:1 w/w) as a non-aqueous electrolyte. The cells were designed to allow UV light to pass through the cells for photoelectrochemical measurement. Cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry, and open-circuit potential measurements were carried out to study and understand the photoelectrochemical properties of the films. The results reveal that light irradiation on the cell facilitated the generation of electrons and holes. The findings showed an increase in current and a decrease in potential with light irradiation. Photoelectrochemical responses of the Li₀.₉₅₅Mn₁.₉₁₀O₄ film at a potential of 2.6 V and 3.7 V (vs Li/Li+) corresponded to lithium insertion/extraction at octahedral and tetrahedral sites, respectively. The mechanisms in the photoelectrochemical process were proposed, which agree with the electrochemical results.
The Fe/Ni ratio in ionized nebulae: clues on dust depletion patterns
Creators: name: Delgado-Inglada, Gloria
name: Mesa-Delgado, Adal
name: García-Rojas, Jorge
name: Rodríguez, Mónica
name: Esteban, César
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a homogeneous analysis of the Fe/Ni abundance ratio in eight Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) and three Galactic H II regions that include the Orion nebula, where we study four nebular zones and one shocked region. We use [Fe ii], [Fe iii], and [Ni iii] lines, and ionization correction factors (ICFs) that account for the unobserved ions. We derive an ICF for nickel from an extensive grid of photoionization models. We compare our results with those derived by other authors for 16 neutral clouds in the solar neighbourhood with available Fe/Ni ratios in the literature. We find an excellent agreement between the ionized nebulae and the diffuse clouds, with both types of regions showing a clear correlation between the Fe/Ni ratios and the iron and nickel depletion factors. The trend shows that the objects with a relatively low depletion have near solar Fe/Ni ratios whereas at higher depletions the Fe/Ni ratio increases with the depletion. Our results confirm that, compared to iron atoms, nickel ones are more efficiently stuck to the dust grains in ambients where dust formation or growth have been more efficient.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 11 pages, 7 Figures, 7 tables
Quantum Spin Dynamics with Pairwise-Tunable, Long-Range Interactions
Creators: name: Hung, C. -L.
name: González-Tudela, A.
name: Cirac, J. I.
name: Kimble, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a platform for the simulation of quantum magnetism with full control of interactions between pairs of spins at arbitrary distances in one- and two-dimensional lattices. In our scheme, two internal atomic states represent a pseudo-spin for atoms trapped within a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW). With the atomic transition frequency aligned inside a band gap of the PCW, virtual photons mediate coherent spin-spin interactions between lattice sites. To obtain full control of interaction coefficients at arbitrary atom-atom separations, ground-state energy shifts are introduced as a function of distance across the PCW. In conjunction with auxiliary pump fields, spin-exchange versus atom-atom separation can be engineered with arbitrary magnitude and phase, and arranged to introduce non-trivial Berry phases in the spin lattice, thus opening new avenues for realizing novel topological spin models. We illustrate the broad applicability of our scheme by explicit construction for several well known spin models.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Recent advances in the use of photonic in space communication applications: digital payloads and QKD
Creators: name: Piqueras, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Photonic Payload Rationale Photonic Communication Payload: Analog flexible Photonic Data-Converters for Digital Payloads PhLEXSAT Project Fundamentals of Satellite QKD QKDSat program
Factors in cognitive control in Stroop performance among early French-English bilinguals in Montreal
Creators: name: Dorsey, Rachel
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cognitive control
Bilingualism
Stroop performance
Inhibition
Bilingual advantage
Bilingual ecology
Adaptive control hypothesis

description: No single purported factor has been found to consistently explain differences in cognitive control (CC) performance among bilinguals, and researchers have begun to account for diverse bilingual experiences which logically lead to differences in CC capacity. This dissertation investigates modulating factors in CC performance among early French-English bilinguals in Montreal. The present study expands on work by Sabourin and Vīnerte (2015) by investigating Language Proficiencies, Language Dominance, Code-switching Tendencies, Age of Immersion (AoI) and Task-difficulty in an effort to better understand how one’s specific bilingual ecology modulates CC performance on three separate Stroop tasks. Findings indicate processing differences between early Sequential and Simultaneous bilinguals in the Montreal community that may have gone overlooked had these two groups been combined into a singular “early” AoI age group. Specifically, results reveal that Sequential bilinguals outperform their Simultaneous counterparts in terms of inhibition as well as general processing as evidenced by significantly faster reaction times on two single-language Stroop tasks in addition to performing significantly fewer Stroop task errors overall. The Simultaneous bilinguals, however, experienced a facilitation effect on the higher difficulty mixed-language Stroop task. This, I argue stems from these two different acquisition experiences which allow for CC to be honed to variable degrees. Additionally, chronological age, English history, and the dual-language code-switching environment were also predictive of CC performance. Finally, different results were obtained in the present study in comparison to Sabourin and Vīnerte (2015) even when mirroring experimental procedures and investigating early bilinguals by comparing Simultaneous to Sequential bilinguals. Such findings support an experiential account in which a bilingual’s specific ecology, interactional contexts, and language habits contribute to the honing of CC over time, and thus, superior CC performance (Beatty-Martinez & Titone, 2021; DeLuca et al., 2019; Gullifer & Titone, 2020).
Isoscalar-isovector proton-neutron pairing and quartet condensation in N=Z nuclei
Creators: name: Sambataro, M.
name: Sandulescu, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the correlations generated in the ground state of $N=Z$ nuclei by the isovector and isoscalar pairing forces can be treated with high precision as a condensate of alpha-like quartets. To treat these correlations, the quartet condensation model (QCM) is extended to the treatment of spherically symmetric isovector $(T=1,J=0)$ and isoscalar $(T=0,J=1)$ pairing forces . Within QCM we discuss the competition between $T=1$ and $T=0$ pairing correlations in the case of a two-level model and for $N=Z$ nuclei with nucleons moving in the open shells above $^{16}$O, $^{40}$Ca and $^{100}$Sn. We show that in $N=Z$ systems isovector and isoscalar proton-neutron pairing correlations always coexist.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
The Protective Role of Protein Disulphide Isomerase (PDI) against DNA damage in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Creators: name: Shadfar, Sina
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the degeneration and death of motor neurons in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. Previous studies from our group have established that a chaperone usually associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is protective against dysfunction to proteostasis mechanisms in vitro in ALS. However, it remains unclear if PDI is also protective in vivo, or against other processes in ALS, particularly DNA damage, which is increasingly implicated as a disease mechanism. We have also recently established that Tar DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is involved in DNA repair but ALS-associated mutant TDP-43 lacks this activity, resulting in DNA damage. In the studies described in this thesis, it was examined whether PDI is protective in vivo and against DNA damage (both in vivo and in vitro). In neuronal cells, PDI was found to be protective against DNA damage induced by etoposide, H2O2 or ALS-associated mutant TDP-43. In addition, it was demonstrated that PDI translocates into the nucleus following induction of DNA damage. PDI displays two main activities; it is a general protein chaperone and it also functions as an oxidoreductase. The latter activity is mediated by redox active cysteine residues in its active site. Using a mutant in which all four redox active site cysteines were removed (‘quad’ mutant), it was also demonstrated that the oxidoreductase activity mediates its protective activity against DNA damage. Proteomics analysis using wildtype PDI and the quad mutant identified the Nrf2 pathway as a possible mediator of this protective function. The oxidoreductase activities of PDI and several PDI family members were also examined in vitro using three different methods. This study also demonstrates a protective activity for PDI in vivo. PDI was also found to be protective in zebrafish against DNA damage induced by H2O2 and in two ALS-associated models, expressing either A4V mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1A4V) or S621G mutant cyclin F (CCNFS621G). Moreover, knockdown of PDI in C. elegans was found to shorten the lifespan and reduce the fecundity of these animals, implying that PDI has an important protective activity against ageing and viability in C. elegans. These results therefore demonstrate the protective role of PDI against DNA damage both in vivo and in vitro. They also reveal that PDI has a much broader protective role than previously recognised. This study therefore has implications for future therapeutic studies based on PDI.