cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Is family history a predictor of response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in spondyloarthritis? A Swedish nationwide cohort study
Creators: name: Morin, M
name: Hellgren, K
name: Lindström, U
name: Frisell, T
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Objective: To determine whether a family history of spondyloarthritis (SpA) is associated with clinical presentation at the start of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) treatment, or predictive of TNFi drug survival and treatment response in patients with SpA. Method: Family history of SpA in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and undifferentiated SpA (uSpA) from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality register starting a TNFi as their first biologic in 2006–2018 was assessed through national registers. Clinical characteristics at treatment start were compared by family history status. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios for drug discontinuation, and analysed treatment response at 3 and 12 months with linear regression. Multiple imputation was used to address missing data. Results: We included 9608 patients. Patients with family history had an earlier age at onset and longer disease duration at TNFi treatment start, but did not differ regarding disease activity and presence of SpA manifestations. Hazard ratios for drug discontinuation were 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89–1.31] for AS patients with a family history of AS, 1.02 (95% CI 0.89–1.18) for PsA patients with a family history of PsA, and 1.11 (95% CI 0.85–1.45) for uSpA patients with a family history of uSpA, after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and SpA-related factors. Treatment response at 3 and 12 months was similar between groups. Conclusion: Family history of SpA was not found to be associated with clinical presentation at the start of TNFi treatment, nor was it associated with drug survival or treatment response in SpA patients starting a first TNFi.
Quantum interface between light and a one-dimensional atomic system
Creators: name: Pivovarov, Viacheslav A.
name: Sheremet, Alexandra S.
name: Gerasimov, Leonid V.
name: Laurat, Julien
name: Kupriyanov, Dmitriy V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate optimal conditions for the quantum interface between a signal photon pulse and one-dimensional chain consisting of a varied number of atoms. The tested object is physically designed as an atomic array of tripod-type atoms confined with a nanoscale dielectric waveguide and experiencing its fundamental HE11 mode. The efficiency of interaction is mainly limited by achieved overlap and coupling of the waveguide evanescent field with the trapped atoms. We verify those physical conditions when the coupling within the main scattering channels would be sufficient for further providing various elementary interface protocols such as light storage, light-matter entanglement, preparation of a few photon states on demand, etc.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review A
Additional file 1 of Laser capture microdissection coupled mass spectrometry (LCM-MS) for spatially resolved analysis of formalin-fixed and stained human lung tissues
Creators: name: Herrera, Jeremy A.
name: Mallikarjun, Venkatesh
name: Rosini, Silvia
name: Montero, Maria Angeles
name: Lawless, Craig
name: Warwood, Stacey
name: O’Cualain, Ronan
name: Knight, David
name: Schwartz, Martin A.
name: Swift, Joe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Protein extraction of H&E stained FFPE tissue sections. A 5-micron section of IPF tissue was serially sectioned and H&E stained. The whole tissue was used and subjected to 5% SDS alone, 5% SDS with heat-treatment, or 5% SDS treatment with heat-treatment followed by shearing in the presence of 7.5 M urea. Shown is a Sypro Ruby SDS-PAGE gel of complete lysates.
Swiss Google Books for Research
Creators: name: Reisacher, Martin
name: Dubey, Eric
name: Lorenzini, Matteo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The UB Bern, ZHB Lucerne, ZB Zurich and UB Basel are digitizing a large part of their holdings from the 18th and 19th centuries in collaboration with Google Books. This digital collection, which is accessible in full text, is intended to offer new possibilities for digital and data-driven research and teaching, e.g. in the context of text and data mining and distant reading.

Due to its size (90 million pages), the collection offers many opportunities, but also presents libraries and researchers with new challenges. Google’s algorithms are responsible for image processing, book composition and full-text recognition. Continuous data improvement/changes must therefore be expected when changed algorithms deliver new data versions. This helps to continuously improve quality, but represents a black box that makes it complicated to make transparent statements about the data production processes.

The four partner libraries are currently working on a project (“Google Books for Research”):

Research and teaching requirements for large digital historical text collections

State of the art solutions for research-orientated accessibility of large historical text collections

Data quality and enrichment

Infrastructure solutions

The central question is how libraries, as cultural and memory institutions, can offer relatively generic infrastructure in the digital space and keep it stable while still being able to use it flexibly enough for very specific research questions and methods.
Impact of Zero Tillage in India's Rice-Wheat Systems
Creators: name: Laxmi, Vijay
name: Erenstein, Olaf
name: Gupta, Raj K.
name: Laxmi, Vijay
name: Erenstein, Olaf
name: Gupta, Raj K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Wheat
subject: Rice
subject: Agricultural development
subject: Zero tillage
subject: Farming systems
subject: Rotational cropping
subject: Water use
subject: Environmental factors
subject: Production costs
subject: India

description: To date, the most widely adopted resource conserving technology (RCT) in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP)has been zero-tillage (ZT) for wheat after rice, particularly in India. This report reviews and synthesizes the experience with zero tillage in the Indian IGP. Zero tillage of wheat after rice generates significant benefits at the farm level, both in terms of significant yield gains (6–10%, particularly due to timelier planting of wheat) and cost savings (5–10%, particularly tillage savings). These benefits explain the widespread interest of farmers and the rapidity of the diffusion across the Indian IGP, further aided by the wide applicability of this mechanical innovation. The study subsequently reports on the findings of village-level focus-group discussions in Punjab, Haryana and Eastern Uttar Pradesh (UP). These typically corroborate the findings reported in the reviewed literature. They also highlight the significant extent and speed of ZT adoption in each village as well as the attendant substantial cost savings and yield increases. A conservative ex-ante assessment of supply-shift gains alone (excluding other social and environmental gains), shows that the investment in zero tillage/reduced tillage (ZT/RT) research and development by the Rice-Wheat Consortium of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (RWC) and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico (CIMMYT) was highly beneficial with a benefit-cost ratio of 39, a net present value (NPV) of US$ 94 million and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 57%. The study highlights the potential gains from successful technology transfer and adaptation in natural resources management (NRM).
Dirac Spinors and Flavor Oscillations
Creators: name: Bernardini, Alex E.
name: De Leo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the standard treatment of particle oscillations the mass eigenstates are implicitly assumed to be scalars and, consequently, the spinorial form of neutrino wave functions is not included in the calculations. To analyze this additional effect, we discuss the oscillation probability formula obtained by using the Dirac equation as evolution equation for the neutrino mass eigenstates. The initial localization of the spinor state also implies an interference between positive and negative energy components of mass eigenstate wave packets which modifies the standard oscillation probability.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, AMS-TeX
title: Aerostatic pump seal
Creators: name: Leutonen, Onni
name: Haverinen, Petteri
name: Vainio, Valtteri
name: Miettinen, Mikael
name: Majuri, Jaakko
name: Viitala, Raine
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 620

description: Process pumps commonly utilize water-lubricated mechanical face seals. The seal faces are commonly silicon carbide or other durable materials. However, the reliance on water flush for the lubrication of the seal poses challenges due to wear. The wear is result of abrasive particles and corrosion problems originating from the leaking water. To address these issues, this paper investigates the feasibility of an aerostatic seal system. The proposed seal comprises two aerostatic seals mounted to a pressure-fed chamber: one facing the pump chamber and the other facing the ambient. Both of the sealing surfaces are flexibly supported and preloaded against the seals. A chamber between the seals is pressurized, which causes flow through the air gaps of the seals towards the ambient and the pump chamber. The flow prevents pump chamber liquid from leaking into, and through the seal. Thus, only seal supply gas is exhausted to the ambient. The feasibility of the seal concept was validated experimentally. The seal air consumption, leakage, and pressures in various parts of the system were measured. The application of this type of seal in the paper industry, particularly for pumping cellulose-liquid mixtures using centrifugal pumps, could reduce the frequency of seal replacements and eliminate water leakage.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023
Adoption and Impacts of Zero-Tillage in the Rice-Wheat Zone of Irrigated Punjab, Pakistan
Creators: name: Farooq, Umar
name: Sharif, Muhammad
name: Erenstein, Olaf
name: Farooq, Umar
name: Sharif, Muhammad
name: Erenstein, Olaf
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Wheat
subject: Rice
subject: Agricultural development
subject: Drilling equipment
subject: Economic analysis
subject: Innovation adoption
subject: Farming systems
subject: Cropping patterns
subject: Production costs
subject: Zero tillage
subject: Pakistan

description: This study documents the adoption and impacts of zero-tillage (ZT) wheat in the ricewheat systems of Pakistan’s Punjab province primarily drawing on a detailed empirical survey of 458 rice-wheat farmers. Our random stratified sample revealed 19% to be ZT wheat adopters and a similar share of the wheat area in the surveyed communities to be under ZT. The study suggests that diffusion has stagnated and also flags the issue of disadoption (14%). ZT adopters, non-adopters, and disadopters differ significantly in terms of their resource bases, with adopters typically showing the most favorable values. ZT drastically reduces tractor operations in farmers’ ZT wheat fields from an average of 8 passes to a single pass, implying a saving of 7 tractor hours and 35 liters of diesel per hectare. ZT did not have any significant effect on the mean farmer estimated wheat yield of 3.3 tons per hectare. ZT also had no significant effect on water productivity for wheat or spillover effect on the subsequent rice crop. ZT primarily appears to be a cost-saving technology for wheat in Pakistan’s Punjab. Based on these findings, the study provides a number of recommendations for research and development in Pakistan Punjab’s rice-wheat systems.
Open associahedra and scattering forms
Creators: name: Herderschee, Aidan
name: Teng, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We continue the study of open associahedra associated with bi-color scattering amplitudes initiated in arXiv:1912.08307. We focus on the facet geometries of the open associahedra, uncovering many new phenomena such as fiber-product geometries. We then provide novel recursion procedures for calculating the canonical form of open associahedra, generalizing recursion relations for bounded polytopes to unbounded polytopes.
description: 36+13 pages, 10 figures
Analysis of Participatory Research Projects in the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
Creators: name: Lilja, Nina K.
name: Bellon, Mauricio R.
name: Lilja, Nina K.
name: Bellon, Mauricio R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Economic analysis
subject: Research projects
subject: Research methods
subject: Quantitative analysis
subject: Surveys
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Evaluation
subject: Scientists
subject: Research institutions
subject: Mexico.

description: Through a survey of scientists from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in 2004, this study assessed the extent to which participatory methods had been used by the center, how they were perceived by the scientists, and how participatory research could be applied more effectively by CIMMYT and partners. Results for 19 CIMMYT projects suggest among other things that participatory approaches at the center were largely “functional”—that is, aimed at improving the efficiency and relevance of research—and had in fact added value to the research efforts. The authors suggest that CIMMYT should (1) create a more conducive environment for scientists to share experiences on such approaches and (2) better document their impacts on farmers’ livelihoods and well-being.
Using a novel smartphone application for capturing of patient-reported outcome measures among patients with inflammatory arthritis:A randomized, crossover, agreement study
Creators: name: Uhrenholt, L
name: Christensen, R
name: Dreyer, L
name: Schlemmer, A
name: Hauge, E-M
name: Krogh, NS
name: Abildtoft, MK
name: Taylor, PC
name: Kristensen, S
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Objectives: In Denmark, patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) have completed patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) via touchscreens in the outpatient clinic since 2006. However, current technology makes it possible for patients to use their own smartphone via an application (app) developed for the Danish Rheumatology Database (DANBIO). This study aims to evaluate the agreement of PROMs between the DANBIO app and outpatient touchscreen in patients with IA. Method: Patients with IA (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis) were enrolled in a randomized, crossover, agreement study. Participants answered PROMs through the two device types in a randomized order. Differences in PROM scores with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated for similarity according to prespecified equivalence margins. Results: The touchscreen invitation was accepted by 138 patients. Sixty patients (20 with each diagnosis) were included. The difference in Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index between the two device types was −0.007 (95% CI −0.043 to 0.030); thus, equivalence was demonstrated. In addition, all other PROMs obtained with the two device types were equivalent, except for the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), which was within the limits of minimally clinically important difference (MCID). In total, 78.3% preferred the DANBIO app. Conclusion: In patients with IA, equivalence was demonstrated between two device types for all PROMs except BASDAI; however, BASDAI was within the limits of the MCID. Implementation of the DANBIO app is expected to optimize outpatient visits, thereby improving healthcare for the individual patient and society.
HYBRAIN KERs Flyer
Creators: name: HYBRAIN
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The HYBRAIN flyer provides an overview of the project's mission to develop a hybrid electronic-photonic system inspired by the human brain, enabling ultra-fast and energy-efficient computing for Edge Computing and Artificial Intelligence applications.

The flyer highlights the key technologies leveraged in HYBRAIN, including the Photonic Convolution Processor (PCP), Analog In-Memory Computing (AIMC), and Dopant Network Processing Units (DNPUs), each contributing to revolutionising data processing speed and efficiency.

Additionally, it outlines the project’s Key Exploitable Results (KERs), promoting over 15 scientific publications.
title: Monolithic compliant mechanism for an EMFC mass comparator weighing cell
Creators: name: Darnieder, Maximilian
name: Wittke, Martin
name: Pabst, Markus
name: Fröhlich, Thomas
name: Theska, René
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 620

description: Mass comparator weighing cells based on electromagnetic force compensation (EMFC) find application in the most demanding force and mass measurement applications. The centerpiece of these devices is a highly sensitive compliant mechanism with thin flexure hinges. The compliant mechanism forms the mechanical part of the mechatronic overall system. A novel mechanism based on an advanced adjustment concept has been developed, manufactured, and experimentally investigated. The adjustment is designed to further reduce the measurement uncertainty for mass comparisons by canceling out first-order error components. The focus is on the mechanical properties: stiffness, tilt sensitivity, and off-center load sensitivity. The elastic stiffness of the compliant mechanism is compensated by introducing a negative gravitational stiffness to enable the compensation of manufacturing deviations and to increase mass resolution.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023
Additional file 1 of Impacts of ambient air pollution on glucose metabolism in Korean adults: a Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study
Creators: name: Myung-Jae Hwang
name: Jong-Hun Kim
name: Youn-Seo Koo
name: Hui-Young Yun
name: Cheong, Hae-Kwan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Estimated the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) for model selection with covariates. Table S2. Associations between ambient air pollution and the level of fasting blood glucose level (mg/dL) and hemoglobin A1c (percentage points) per interquartile range of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2. (DOCX 17 kb)
Orbital-controlled magnetic transition between gapful and gapless phases in the Haldane system with t2g-orbital degeneracy
Creators: name: Onishi, Hiroaki
name: Hotta, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to clarify a key role of orbital degree of freedom in the spin S=1 Haldane system, we investigate ground-state properties of the t2g-orbital degenerate Hubbard model on the linear chain by using numerical techniques. Increasing the Hund's rule coupling in multi-orbital systems, in general, there occurs a transition from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic phase. We find that the antiferromagnetic phase is described as the Haldane system with spin gap, while in the ferromagnetic phase, there exists the gapless excitation with respect to orbital degree of freedom. Possible relevance of the present results to actual systems is also discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
CIMMYT's Formal Training Activities: Perceptions of Impact from Former Trainees, NARS Research Leaders, and CIMMYT Scientists
Creators: name: Cooksy, Leslie J.
name: Arellano, Elias
name: Cooksy, Leslie J.
name: Arellano, Elias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Training programmes
subject: Training courses
subject: Education
subject: Extension
subject: Agricultural research
subject: Diffusion of research
subject: Evaluation

description: This report provides information on the impact of CIMMYT training, based on a set of background interviews with center staff, reviews of relevant data and documents provided by CIMMYT, and two surveys: one of research leaders in trainees’ countries of origin and one of participants in CIMMYT courses on maize and wheat improvement, quality protein maize, soil-borne pathogens of cereals, and maize stress breeding during 2002-04. Evidence indicates that training provided by CIMMYT not only furnishes new knowledge and skills, but results in new ways of thinking about research and new research partnerships, is often shared within trainees’ home institutions, and changes the way the institutions work. The evidence in this study establishes the existence of impact but does not support conclusions about its extent.
Animals’ Health Control Efficiency in Northwest Portugal: A Two-stage DEA Approach
Creators: name: Costa, Leonardo
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Silva, Elvira
name: Costa, Leonardo
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Silva, Elvira
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: input directional distance function
subject: bootstrapping
subject: economic efficiency
subject: animal health services.

description: A two-stage approach is employed to analyze the efficiency of cooperatives responsible for ruminants’ disease control (OPP) at the farm level in Northwest Portugal. In the first stage, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate and decompose input-based overall inefficiency for each OPP. The input-based inefficiency measures are generated using the directional input distance function. In the second stage, the inefficiency estimates are regressed on environmental and organizational factors in order to explain efficiency differentials. Despite substantial environmental differences, the empirical results indicate that most cooperatives can reduce costs by improving scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency.
Patients characteristics in Behçet’s Syndrome and their associations with major organ involvement: a single-centre experience of 2118 cases
Creators: name: Torgutalp, M
name: Eroğlu, DŞ
name: Sezer, S
name: Yayla, ME
name: Karataş, G
name: Özel, EM
name: Dinçer, ABK
name: Yüksel, ML
name: Gülöksüz, EGA
name: Yılmaz, R
name: Turgay, TM
name: Kınıklı, G
name: Ateş, A
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Objectives: To evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with Behçet’s syndrome (BS), and to define their associations with the presence of major organ involvement (MOI). Method: Medical records of 2118 patients (964 males, 1154 females) were analysed retrospectively. MOI was defined as the presence of at least one of vascular, eye, nervous, or gastrointestinal system involvement. Univariable and multivariable binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses were applied to assess the factors that were potentially associated with MOI. Results: The mean ± sd age at diagnosis was 30.5 ± 9.4 years. Genital ulcer and joint involvement were more common in females (both p Conclusion: Male gender and positive smoking history have a significant influence on the presence of MOI in patients with BS.
title: Calibration of positioning microsystems with subatomic accuracy
Creators: name: Hebenstreit, Roman
name: Theska, René
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 620

description: Multidimensional positioning, measuring and manipulation with a spatial resolution in the subatomic range are an upcoming demand in the area of nanotechnology. Nanopositioning and measuring machines (NMM) enable to measure and manipulate objects within a large addressable 3D-range of up to a few hundred millimetre in each dimension with a specified spatial resolution of down to 0.1 nm [1]. New approaches are needed to extend the potential of NMM technology to even smaller scales. In previous work [2] a proof-of-concept positioning system has been designed to achieve reproducibility and resolution for precise motion on subatomic scale. In a first approach, a scanning probe microscope will be used to measure a nanosized periodic lattice that serves as a scale for the position according to [3]. Here, we present a microsystem design with an addressable positioning range of ±100 μm that will carry the lattice structure. In order to precisely control the motion, the electrostatic drive and position sensor characteristics of the demonstrator must be calibrated thoroughly by means of an optical measuring system. A focused, range-resolved fibre-optic laser interferometer is comprised as the calibration standard. An uncertainty estimation for the measurement setup is carried out. It is shown that the desired positioning accuracy for the first tip- and grating-based setup can be achieved with the presented microsystems.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023
Computational General Relativistic Force-Free Electrodynamics: I. Multi-Coordinate Implementation and Testing
Creators: name: Mahlmann, J. F.
name: Aloy, M. A.
name: Mewes, V.
name: Cerdá-Durán, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General relativistic force-free electrodynamics is one possible plasma-limit employed to analyze energetic outflows in which strong magnetic fields are dominant over all inertial phenomena. The amazing images of black hole shadows from the galactic center and the M87 galaxy provide a first direct glimpse into the physics of accretion flows in the most extreme environments of the universe. The efficient extraction of energy in the form of collimated outflows or jets from a rotating BH is directly linked to the topology of the surrounding magnetic field. We aim at providing a tool to numerically model the dynamics of such fields in magnetospheres around compact objects, such as black holes and neutron stars. By this, we probe their role in the formation of high energy phenomena such as magnetar flares and the highly variable teraelectronvolt emission of some active galactic nuclei. In this work, we present numerical strategies capable of modeling fully dynamical force-free magnetospheres of compact astrophysical objects. We provide implementation details and extensive testing of our implementation of general relativistic force-free electrodynamics in Cartesian and spherical coordinates using the infrastructure of the Einstein Toolkit. The employed hyperbolic/parabolic cleaning of numerical errors with full general relativistic compatibility allows for fast advection of numerical errors in dynamical spacetimes. Such fast advection of divergence errors significantly improves the stability of the general relativistic force-free electrodynamics modeling of black hole magnetospheres.
description: 22 pages, 19 figures, Accepted by A&A
Risk perceptions, risk attitudes and the formation of consumer acceptance of Genetically Modified (GM) food
Creators: name: Costa-Font, Montserrat
name: Gil, Jose Maria
name: Costa-Font, Montserrat
name: Gil, Jose Maria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: risk perceptions
subject: consumer acceptance
subject: risk attitudes
subject: and GM food.

description: The influence of risk perception and risk attitudes in the process of accepting genetically modified (GM) food is often ignored, and particularly whether both constructs (latent variables) have a combined effect in explaining consumer acceptance. Similarly, the inclusion of organic product standards juxtaposed to GM food is unknown. This paper attempts to shed some light on this question by examining the decision making process through the use of structural equation modeling (SEM). We use survey data from Spain and a set of theoretical constructs that allow us to identify independent mechanisms underlying individuals’ risk decision making. Our results suggest that the conceptualized model captures the decision making process, and that both perceptions and attitudes toward risk have independent effects on consumer acceptance. However, the effect from risk perception is larger in intensity. Finally, attitudes towards organic production emerge as an informative determinant of attitudes towards GM food.
title: Error classification as a basis for automating the conformity of production process in the automotive industry
Creators: name: Sturm, Kerstin
name: Husung, Stephan
name: Wünsche, Christine
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 620

description: In the automotive industry, the complexity of ensuring production conformity has increased significantly. Reasons for this are a growing number of vehicle variants in combination with increasing regulatory requirements in import markets. Violations of the "Conformity of Production" (CoP) can result in drastic penalties. This is contrasted by a partially random and manual inspection process that is currently not sufficiently automated and digitalized. According to the BMW Group CoP expert workshop there is not enough error analysis and classification in the current situation to comprehensively perform automated inspections. To gain more insight into this manual inspection process, a comprehensive error analysis and classification must first take place to derive measures. Based on the requirements for the CoP process and the findings from the state of the art, the objective of this contribution is to analyze the status quo regarding error frequencies and to derive possible measures from the findings.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023
Presenting features and outcomes of cranial-limited and large-vessel giant cell arteritis: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Tomelleri, A
name: Campochiaro, C
name: Sartorelli, S
name: Farina, N
name: Baldissera, E
name: Dagna, L
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Objectives: To compare the presenting features and outcomes of patients with cranial-limited (C-) and large-vessel (LV-) giant cell arteritis (GCA). Methods: Data from our GCA cohort were collected retrospectively. Patients who underwent total-body large-vessel imaging within 10 days after commencing steroid therapy were included. Patients with LV involvement were classified as LV-GCA. Presenting features, treatments, and outcomes of LV-GCA and C-GCA patients were compared. Results: 161 patients were included (LV-GCA, n = 100). At baseline, LV-GCA patients were younger than those with C-GCA (73.2 ± 8.9 vs 76 ± 8.8 years, p = 0.018) and had a longer delay to diagnosis (3.5 ± 4.6 vs 2.3 ± 4.9 months, p = 0.001). C-GCA patients had a higher incidence of headache (p = 0.006) and ischaemic optic neuropathy (p Conclusion: LV-GCA patients were younger at diagnosis and suffered a longer diagnostic delay. The outcomes of the two subgroups were similar. An earlier introduction of steroid-sparing agents in LV-GCA patients might have played a positive role.
title: Directed energy deposition-arc (DED-Arc) and numerical welding simulation as a method to determine the homogeneity
Creators: name: Reimann, Jan
name: Rohe, Maximilian
name: Rauch, Alexander
name: Hildebrand, Jörg
name: Bergmann, Jean
Publisher: name: ilmedia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 620

description: This research presents a hybrid approach to for the prediction of the homogeneity of mechanical properties in 3D metal parts manufactured using directed energy deposition-arc (DED-Arc). DED-Arc is an additive manufacturing process which can offer a cost-effective way to manufacture 3D metal parts, due to high deposition rate of up to 8 kg/h. Regression equations developed in a previous study were used to predict the mechanical properties of a wall structure using only the cooling time t8/5 calculated in a numerical welding simulation. The new approach in this research paper contains the prediction of the homogeneity of the mechanical properties, especially hardness, in 3D metal parts, which can vary due to localized changes in t8/5 cooling time provoked by specific geometrical features or general changes in dimensions. In this study a method for the calculation of the hardness distribution on additively manufactured parts was developed and shown.
description: Engineering for a changing world: Proceedings : 60th ISC, Ilmenau Scientific Colloquium, Technische Universität Ilmenau, September 04-08, 2023
About Conception of Big Safety
Creators: name: V.S. Kharchenko
name: M.A. Yastrebenetsky
Publisher: name: Reliability: Theory & Applications
Year: 2021
Subjects: Big safety
safety
infection safety
diversity
defense-in-depth
Black Swan

description: Concept of Big Safety (BS) is discussed. BS is a result of crossing of the following 10Big: Big property (nuclear safety, radiation safety, functional safety, information (cyber) security, fire safety ,physical safety, infection safety, safety from natural hazards, etc.); Big/complex environment (a lot of factors of influence and parameters); Big/complex system; Big value of a fatal failure or event; Big number of causes of failure; Big data which should be processed; Big number of requirements to safety; Big time and process complexity of development of systems; Big toolbox for safety assessment and assurance; Big resources for assurance and recovery. General principles and methods for assessing and assurance of Big Safety are described considering experience of different critical domains, first of all, NPPs. Some well-known accidents in context of Black Swan theory are analyzed. The strategies of Black Swan tolerance are proposed.
Productivity convergence in the European regional agricultures. Determinants of its evolution
Creators: name: Cuerva Narro, Maria Carmen
name: Cuerva Narro, Maria Carmen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: agricultural productivity
subject: beta convergence
subject: panel data
subject: Common Agricultural Policy

description: The aim of this study is to analyse the evolution of the European regional agricultural productivity in terms of convergence. The initial hypothesis is that, in spite of the integration process, the agricultural productivity does not converge to the same stationary level. Additionally, we try to identify the decisive factors affecting such productivity growth. Productivity related information comes from Cambridge Econometrics database for a set of 125 EU-15 regions in the period 1985-2004. The methodology used consists in traditional beta convergence regressions. The difficulties with cross-sectional estimations require the use of panel data techniques for a better estimation of the speed of convergence. The main results show that convergence occurs to different stationary states and the productivity growth is related to the loss of agricultural employment and to the levels of investment. Moreover, subsidies of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) do not have so far an important role in the productivity growth. It seems that the solution to improve agricultural efficiency is not to increase the market support. CAP instruments should be redefined to stimulate sector investment.
MGGPOD: a Monte Carlo Suite for Modeling Instrumental Line and Continuum Backgrounds in Gamma-Ray Astronomy
Creators: name: Weidenspointner, G.
name: Harris, M. J.
name: Sturner, S.
name: Teegarden, B. J.
name: Ferguson, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intense and complex instrumental backgrounds, against which the much smaller signals from celestial sources have to be discerned, are a notorious problem for low and intermediate energy gamma-ray astronomy (~50 keV - 10 MeV). Therefore a detailed qualitative and quantitative understanding of instrumental line and continuum backgrounds is crucial for most stages of gamma-ray astronomy missions, ranging from the design and development of new instrumentation through performance prediction to data reduction. We have developed MGGPOD, a user-friendly suite of Monte Carlo codes built around the widely used GEANT (Version 3.21) package, to simulate ab initio the physical processes relevant for the production of instrumental backgrounds. These include the build-up and delayed decay of radioactive isotopes as well as the prompt de-excitation of excited nuclei, both of which give rise to a plethora of instrumental gamma-ray background lines in addition to continuum backgrounds. The MGGPOD package and documentation are publicly available for download from http://sigma-2.cesr.fr/spi/MGGPOD/. We demonstrate the capabilities of the MGGPOD suite by modeling high resolution gamma-ray spectra recorded by the Transient Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (TGRS) on board Wind during 1995. The TGRS is a Ge spectrometer operating in the 40 keV to 8 MeV range. Due to its fine energy resolution, these spectra reveal the complex instrumental background in formidable detail, particularly the many prompt and delayed gamma-ray lines. We evaluate the successes and failures of the MGGPOD package in reproducing TGRS data, and provide identifications for the numerous instrumental lines.
description: 60 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication in ApJS
Regional networking as a competitive advantage? Empirical results from German pig production
Creators: name: Deimel, Mark
name: Plumeyer, Cord-Herwig
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
name: Ebbeskotte, Christof
name: Deimel, Mark
name: Plumeyer, Cord-Herwig
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
name: Ebbeskotte, Christof
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Networks
subject: information exchange
subject: competitiveness
subject: clusters
subject: pig production.

description: It is often hypothesized that geographical proximity in clusters (or industry districts) has positive effects on access to information and knowledge and on firm competitiveness. We present one of the first empirical tests of this hypothesis in the context of the European agribusiness sector. A large-scale empirical study was conducted in the northwestern part of Germany, which is one of Europe’s leading pig production regions. The results of the farmer survey show that the cluster in north-western Germany provides good structural preconditions for the comprehensive network participation of pig farmers. Additional analyses show that farmers’ network participation has positive effects on access to information, their perceived level of informedness and the competitiveness of their farms. The results have interesting implications for farm management as well as political decision-making and public administration in regions with high livestock densities.
XMM-Newton Observation of an X-ray Trail Between the Spiral Galaxy NGC6872 and the Central Elliptical NGC6876 in the Pavo Group
Creators: name: Machacek, M.
name: Nulsen, P.
name: Stirbat, L.
name: Jones, C.
name: Forman, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present XMM-Newton observations of a trail of enhanced X-rayemission extending along the 8'.7 X 4' region between the spiral NGC6872 and the dominant elliptical NGC6876 in the Pavo Group,the first known X-ray trail associated with a spiral galaxy in a poor galaxy group and, with projected length of 90 kpc, one of the longest X-ray trails observed in any system. The X-ray surface brightness in the trail region is roughly constant beyond ~20 kpc of NGC6876 in the direction of NGC6872. The trail is hotter (~ 1 keV) than the undisturbed Pavo IGM (~0.5 keV) and has low metal abundances (0.2 Zsolar). The 0.5-2 keV luminosity of the trail, measured using a 67 X 90 kpc rectangular region, is 6.6 X 10^{40} erg/s. We compare the properties of gas in the trail to the spectral properties of gas in the spiral NGC6872 and in the elliptical NGC6876 to constrain its origin. We suggest that the X-ray trail is either IGM gas gravitationally focused into a Bondi-Hoyle wake, a thermal mixture of ~64% Pavo IGM gas with ~36% galaxy gas that has been removed from the spiral NGC6872 by turbulent viscous stripping, or both, due to the spiral's supersonic motion at angle xi ~ 40 degrees with respect to the plane of the sky, past the Pavo group center (NGC6876) through the densest region of the Pavo IGM. Assuming xi = 40 degrees and a filling factor eta in a cylindrical volume with radius 33 kpc and projected length 90 kpc, the mean electron density and total hot gas mass in the trail is 9.5 X 10^{-4}*eta^{-1/2} cm^{-3} and 1.1 X 10^{10}*eta^{1/2} Msolar, respectively.
description: typos corrected in Eq. 7 & 8, figures and discussion unchanged, 39 pages, 11 postscript figures, submitted to ApJ
Low-temperature breakdown of many-body perturbation theory for thermodynamics
Creators: name: Hirata, So
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown analytically and numerically that the finite-temperature many-body perturbation theory in the grand canonical ensemble has zero radius of convergence at zero temperature when the energy ordering or degree of degeneracy for the ground state changes with the perturbation strength. When the degeneracy of the reference state is partially or fully lifted at the first-order Hirschfelder-Certain degenerate perturbation theory, the grand potential and internal energy diverge as $T \to 0$. Contrary to earlier suggestions of renormalizability by the chemical potential $μ$, this nonconvergence, first suspected by W. Kohn and J. M. Luttinger, is caused by the nonanalytic nature of the Boltzmann factor $e^{-E/k_\text{B}T}$ at $T=0$, also plaguing the canonical ensemble, which does not involve $μ$. The finding reveals a fundamental flaw in perturbation theory, which is deeply rooted in the mathematical limitation of power-series expansions and is unlikely to be removed within its framework.
Allele frequency spectrum of known ankylosing spondylitis associated variants in a Swedish population
Creators: name: Mathioudaki, A
name: Nordin, J
name: Kastbom, A
name: Söderkvist, P
name: Eriksson, P
name: Cedergren, J
name: Lindblad-Toh, K
name: Meadows, JRS
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Objective: The genetic predisposition to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been most widely studied in cohorts with European ancestry. However, within Europe, disease prevalence is higher in Sweden. Given this, we aimed to characterize known AS susceptibility variants in a homogeneous Swedish data set, assessing reproducibility and direction of effect. Method: The power to detect association within an existing Swedish targeted sequencing study (381 controls; 310 AS cases) was examined, and a set of published associations (n = 151) was intersected with available genotypes. Association to disease was calculated using logistic regression accounting for population structure, and HLA-B27 status was determined with direct polymerase chain reaction genotyping. Results: The cases were found to be 92.3% HLA-B27 positive, with the data set showing ≥ 80% predictive power to replicate associations, with odds ratios ≥ 1.6 over a range of allele frequencies (0.1–0.7). Thirty-four markers, representing 23 gene loci, were available for investigation. The replicated variants tagged MICA and IL23R loci (p −3), with variable direction of effect noted for gene loci IL1R1 and MST1. Conclusion: The Swedish data set successfully replicated both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC loci, and revealed a different replication pattern compared to discovery data sets. This was possibly due to population demographics, including HLA-B27 frequency and measured comorbidities.