cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CoRoT measures solar-like oscillations and granulation in stars hotter than the Sun
Creators: name: Michel, E.
name: Baglin, A.
name: Auvergne, M.
name: Catala, C.
name: Samadi, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oscillations of the Sun have been used to understand its interior structure. The extension of similar studies to more distant stars has raised many difficulties despite the strong efforts of the international community over the past decades. The CoRoT (Convection Rotation and Planetary Transits) satellite, launched in December 2006, has now measured oscillations and the stellar granulation signature in three main sequence stars that are noticeably hotter than the sun. The oscillation amplitudes are about 1.5 times as large as those in the Sun; the stellar granulation is up to three times as high. The stellar amplitudes are about 25% below the theoretic values, providing a measurement of the nonadiabaticity of the process ruling the oscillations in the outer layers of the stars.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
A new barrier penetration formula and its application to alpha-decay half-lives
Creators: name: Li, Lu-Lu
name: Zhou, Shan-Gui
name: Zhao, En-Guang
name: Scheid, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the WKB approximation, a new barrier penetration formula is proposed for potential barriers containing a long-range Coulomb interaction. This formula is especially proper for the barrier penetration with penetration energy much lower than the Coulomb barrier. The penetrabilities calculated from the new formula agree well with the results from the WKB method. As a first attempt, this new formula is used to evaluate alpha decay half-lives of atomic nuclei and a good agreement with the experiment is obtained.
description: RevTeX4, 7 pages, 3 figures; to be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys. E
Reconsidering popular music studies: a review of IASPM's thirtieth anniversary conference held in Grahamstown, South Africa, 27 June–1 July 2011
Creators: name: Hanáček, Maria
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 780 Musik

description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
Truncation effects in superdiffusive front propagation with Lévy flights
Creators: name: del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical and analytical study of the role of exponentially truncated Lévy flights in the superdiffusive propagation of fronts in reaction-diffusion systems is presented. The study is based on a variation of the Fisher-Kolmogorov equation where the diffusion operator is replaced by a $λ$-truncated fractional derivative of order $α$ where $1/λ$ is the characteristic truncation length scale. For $λ=0$ there is no truncation and fronts exhibit exponential acceleration and algebraic decaying tails. It is shown that for $λ\neq 0$ this phenomenology prevails in the intermediate asymptotic regime $(χt)^{1/α} \ll x \ll 1/λ$ where $χ$ is the diffusion constant. Outside the intermediate asymptotic regime, i.e. for $x > 1/λ$, the tail of the front exhibits the tempered decay $ϕ\sim e^{-λx}/x^{(1+α)} $, the acceleration is transient, and the front velocity, $v_L$, approaches the terminal speed $v_* = (γ- λ^αχ)/λ$ as $t\to \infty$, where it is assumed that $γ> λ^αχ$ with $γ$ denoting the growth rate of the reaction kinetics. However, the convergence of this process is algebraic, $v_L \sim v_* - α/(λt)$, which is very slow compared to the exponential convergence observed in the diffusive (Gaussian) case. An over-truncated regime in which the characteristic truncation length scale is shorter than the length scale of the decay of the initial condition, $1/ν$, is also identified. In this extreme regime, fronts exhibit exponential tails, $ϕ\sim e^{-νx}$, and move at the constant velocity, $v=(γ- λ^αχ)/ν$.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E (Feb. 2009)
The spectrum of Gamma-ray Burst: a clue
Creators: name: Fan, Yi-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we numerically calculate the thermal radiation efficiency of the baryonic outflow. The possible outflow acceleration in the transparent stage, which lowers thermal radiation efficiency, has been taken into account. In the standard internal shock model for the prompt emission, the fast shells should move with a typical Lorentz factor $\gtrsim 5 Γ_{\rm i}$ otherwise the GRB efficiency will be in disagreement with the observations, where $Γ_{\rm i}$ is the bulk Lorentz factor of the shocked/emitting region. The photosphere radius of these fast shells is small and the thermal radiation is too strong to be effectively outshone by the internal shock emission. This is particularly the case for some extremely bright events having $Γ_{\rm i} \sim 10^{3}$, like GRBs 080319B and 080916C. The absence of a distinct thermal component in the spectrum of most GRBs challenges the standard internal shock model and may suggest a non-baryonic (magnetic) outflow component. Though the magnetic outflow model seems favored by more and more data, it can hardly reproduce the typical GRB spectrum. In the photosphere-gradual magnetic dissipation scenario, the spectrum cuts off at $\sim 1$ GeV, too low to account for the observations of GRBs 080916C. In the sudden magnetic energy dissipation model, the low energy spectrum is expected to be $F_ν\propto ν^{-1/2}$, too soft to be consistent with the data $F_ν\propto ν^{0}$. We speculate that the low energy spectrum puzzle could be unveiled by the mechanism that particles, in the magnetic dissipation process, are repeatedly accelerated.
description: 9 pages including 7 figures and 1 table, MNRAS in press
Imprint of magnetic obliquity in apparent spin-down of radio pulsars
Creators: name: Biryukov, Anton
name: Beskin, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations predict that the spin-down rate of a single rotation-powered neutron star depends on the angle $α$ between its spin and magnetic axes as $P\dot P \propto μ^2 (k_0 + k_1\sin^2α)$, where $P$ is the star spin period, $μ$ is its magnetic moment, while $k_0 \sim k_1 \sim 1$. Here we describe a simple observational test for this prediction based on the comparison of spin-down rates of 50 nearly orthogonal (with $α$ close to 90 deg) and 27 nearly aligned (with $α$ close to 0 deg) pulsars. We found, that the apparent pulsar spin-down is consistent with the theory if assumed, that magnetic moments of orthogonal rotators are systematically larger than those of aligned ones for $\sim 0.15..0.2$ dex. Also, as a by-product of the analysis, we provide yet another constraint on the average braking index of radio pulsars as $1 \le n \le 4$ with formal significance not worse than 99\%.
description: MNRAS accepted
Correlation Pyramid Network for 3D Single Object Tracking
Creators: name: Wang, Mengmeng
name: Ma, Teli
name: Zuo, Xingxing
name: Lv, Jiajun
name: Liu, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: 3D LiDAR-based single object tracking (SOT) has gained increasing attention as it plays a crucial role in 3D applications such as autonomous driving. The central problem is how to learn a target-aware representation from the sparse and incomplete point clouds. In this paper, we propose a novel Correlation Pyramid Network (CorpNet) with a unified encoder and a motion-factorized decoder. Specifically, the encoder introduces multi-level self attentions and cross attentions in its main branch to enrich the template and search region features and realize their fusion and interaction, respectively. Additionally, considering the sparsity characteristics of the point clouds, we design a lateral correlation pyramid structure for the encoder to keep as many points as possible by integrating hierarchical correlated features. The output features of the search region from the encoder can be directly fed into the decoder for predicting target locations without any extra matcher. Moreover, in the decoder of CorpNet, we design a motion-factorized head to explicitly learn the different movement patterns of the up axis and the x-y plane together. Extensive experiments on two commonly-used datasets show our CorpNet achieves state-of-the-art results while running in real-time.
title: Dr. Richard C. Dimond, MD, COL, MC, USA (Ret.) Oral History Interview Transcript
Creators: name: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Publisher: name: University Archives, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Year: 2010
Subjects: classificationCode: 3
subject: FOS: Medical and health sciences
classificationCode: 6.1
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: USU Oral History Interview Transcript
Dr. Richard C. Dimond, MD, COL, MC, USA (Ret.)
Assistant Dean for Clinical Sciences
Member, Student Promotion Committee
06-14-2010
Interviewed by Emelie Rubin
Entanglement of graph states up to 8 qubits
Creators: name: Chen, Xiao-yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement of graph states up to eight qubits is calculated in the regime of iteration calculation. The entanglement measures could be the relative entropy of entanglement, the logarithmic robustness or the geometric measure. All 146 local inequivalent graphs are classified as two categories: graphs with identical upper LOCC entanglement bound and lower bipartite entanglement bound, graphs with unequal bounds. The late may displays non-integer entanglement. The precision of iteration calculation of the entanglement is less than $10^{-14}$.
description: 6 pages
Structure and functioning of zooplankton communities of the Canadian Northeast Pacific Ocean
Creators: name: Pata, Patrick R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Understanding the underlying structure of ecosystems and the mechanisms of how they function are key goals in ecology. Structure is often defined by partitioning space into biogeographic units with distinct physical and ecological characteristics. Historically for ocean ecosystems, biogeographic regionalization has typically used environmental proxies rather than species distributions as data for the latter were often limited. With recent advances in data aggregation and accessibility of observations of the physical ocean, species distributions, and species traits, conducting data-driven synthesis is increasingly possible. This dissertation describes the spatial distribution of zooplankton community composition for the waters of the Canadian Northeast Pacific Ocean and what the variabilities in community composition mean in terms of the roles of zooplankton in ecosystem functioning. Decades of zooplankton community data were curated and regionalized to identify four bioregions (Offshore, Deep Shelf, Nearshore, and Deep Fjord bioregions) which were persistent despite sampling and taxonomic variability when combining heterogenous data sources. The changes in bottom depth, water properties, and phytoplankton concentrations along the cross-shelf gradient partly explained the variability of zooplankton density, taxonomic composition, and diversity between the bioregions. Association groups of co-occurring species (subarctic, subtropical, widespread shelf, neritic, fjord) were found to be indicative of specific core bioregions but had wider distributions reflecting the connectivity between bioregions. A global zooplankton trait database that includes seven phyla and a broad suite of morphological, biochemical, physiological, and behavioral traits was developed to complement the taxonomic analysis with a functional perspective. The database was also used to evaluate the state of zooplankton trait literature and the accuracy of trait value estimation approaches. The datasets were then synthesized to characterize and compare the bioregions according to functional diversity indices and the community-level trait totals. The species were categorized into eleven functional groups based on traits and the relative contribution of the functional groups to the average zooplankton density and community-level metabolic and feeding rates were found to vary between bioregions. Finally, this dissertation enumerates future directions in data-driven zooplankton bioregionalization, the expansion of the zooplankton trait database, and the advancement of zooplankton functional ecology.
Trustworthy Privacy-preserving Hierarchical Ensemble and Federated Learning in Healthcare 4.0 with Blockchain
Creators: name: Stephanie, Veronika
name: Khalil, Ibrahim
name: Atiquzzaman, Mohammed
name: Yi, Xun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The advancement of Internet and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has led to the era of Industry 4.0. This shift is followed by healthcare industries creating the term Healthcare 4.0. In Healthcare 4.0, the use of IoT-enabled medical imaging devices for early disease detection has enabled medical practitioners to increase healthcare institutions' quality of service. However, Healthcare 4.0 is still lagging in Artificial Intelligence and big data compared to other Industry 4.0 due to data privacy concerns. In addition, institutions' diverse storage and computing capabilities restrict institutions from incorporating the same training model structure. This paper presents a secure multi-party computation-based ensemble federated learning with blockchain that enables heterogeneous models to collaboratively learn from healthcare institutions' data without violating users' privacy. Blockchain properties also allow the party to enjoy data integrity without trust in a centralized server while also providing each healthcare institution with auditability and version control capability.
Exact solution for the energy density inside a one-dimensional non-static cavity with an arbitrary initial field state
Creators: name: Alves, Danilo T.
name: Granhen, Edney R.
name: Silva, Hector O.
name: Lima, Mateus G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the exact solution for the energy density of a real massless scalar field in a two-dimensional spacetime, inside a non-static cavity with an arbitrary initial field state, taking into account the Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions. This work generalizes the exact solution proposed by Cole and Schieve in the context of the Dirichlet boundary condition and vacuum as the initial state. We investigate diagonal states, examining the vacuum and thermal field as particular cases. We also study non-diagonal initial field states, taking as examples the coherent and Schrodinger cat states.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
PIQI: Perceptual Image Quality Index based on Ensemble of Gaussian Process Regression
Creators: name: Ahmed, Nisar
name: Asif, Hafiz Muhammad Shahzad
name: Khalid, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Digital images contain a lot of redundancies, therefore, compression techniques are applied to reduce the image size without loss of reasonable image quality. Same become more prominent in the case of videos which contains image sequences and higher compression ratios are achieved in low throughput networks. Assessment of quality of images in such scenarios has become of particular interest. Subjective evaluation in most of the scenarios is infeasible so objective evaluation is preferred. Among the three objective quality measures, full-reference and reduced-reference methods require an original image in some form to calculate the image quality which is unfeasible in scenarios such as broadcasting, acquisition or enhancement. Therefore, a no-reference Perceptual Image Quality Index (PIQI) is proposed in this paper to assess the quality of digital images which calculates luminance and gradient statistics along with mean subtracted contrast normalized products in multiple scales and color spaces. These extracted features are provided to a stacked ensemble of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) to perform the perceptual quality evaluation. The performance of the PIQI is checked on six benchmark databases and compared with twelve state-of-the-art methods and competitive results are achieved. The comparison is made based on RMSE, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients between ground truth and predicted quality scores. The scores of 0.0552, 0.9802 and 0.9776 are achieved respectively for these metrics on CSIQ database. Two cross-dataset evaluation experiments are performed to check the generalization of PIQI.
title: De lupas a telescopios: Explorando el microcosmos y el macrocosmos en los laboratorios bioculturales de Chile
title: De lupas a telescopios: Explorando el microcosmos y el macrocosmos en los laboratorios bioculturales de Chile. Environment & Society Portal, Virtual Exhibitions 2023, no. 1.
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Rozzi, Ricardo
name: Castro Jorquera, Carolina
name: Chavarría, Luis
name: Russell, Shaun
name: Goffinet, Bernard
name: Shanahan, Martin
name: Garcia, Miguel
name: Moses, Kelli
name: Contador, Tamara
name: Massardo, Francisca
name: Leibundgut, Bruno
name: Paneque Carreño, Teresa
name: Smette, Alain
name: de Gregorio-Monsalvo, Itziar
name: Tauro, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society, Munich, Germany
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: natural laboratories
subject: Chile
subject: astronomy
subject: biology
subject: Atacama Desert
subject: stars
subject: universe
subject: Cape Horn
subject: non-vascular plants
subject: mosses
subject: lichens
subject: cohabitation

description: Esta exposición virtual potencia la integración de las ciencias, las artes y las humanidades mediante una novedosa asociación con el Centro Rachel Carson para el Medio Ambiente y la Sociedad, invitando a los visitantes a dejarse encantar a través de las múltiples escalas del cosmos.
Piecewise linear loop quantum gravity
Creators: name: Engle, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a modification of LQG in which graphs are required to consist in piecewise linear edges, which we call piecewise linear LQG (plLQG). At the diffeomorphism invariant level, we prove that plLQG is equivalent to standard LQG, as long as one chooses the class of diffeomorphisms appropriately. That is, we exhibit a unitary map between the diffeomorphism invariant Hilbert spaces that maps physically equivalent operators into each other. In addition, using the same ideas as in standard LQG, one can define a Hamiltonian and Master constraint in plLQG, and the unitary map between plLQG and LQG then provides an exact isomorphism of dynamics in the two frameworks. Furthermore, loop quantum cosmology (LQC) can be exactly embedded into plLQG. This allows a prior program of the author to embed LQC into LQG at the dynamical level to proceed. In particular, this allows a formal expression for a physically motivated embedding of LQC into LQG at the diffeomorphism invariant level to be given.
description: 19 pages
Phase Curves of Nine Trojan Asteroids over a Wide Range of Phase Angles
Creators: name: Schaefer, Martha W.
name: Schaefer, Bradley E.
name: Rabinowitz, David L.
name: Tourtellotte, Suzanne W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed well-sampled phase curves for nine Trojan asteroids in B-, V-, and I-bands. These were constructed from 778 magnitudes taken with the 1.3-m telescope on Cerro Tololo as operated by a service observer for the SMARTS consortium. Over our typical phase range of 0.2-10 deg, we find our phase curves to be adequately described by a linear model, for slopes of 0.04-0.09 mag/deg with average uncertainty less than 0.02 mag/deg. (The one exception, 51378 (2001 AT33), has a formally negative slope of -0.02 +- 0.01 mag/deg.) These slopes are too steep for the opposition surge mechanism to be shadow hiding (SH), so we conclude that the dominant surge mechanism must be coherent backscattering (CB). In a detailed comparison of surface properties (including surge slope, B-R color, and albedo), we find that the Trojans have surface properties similar to the P and C class asteroids prominent in the outer main belt, yet they have significantly different surge properties (at a confidence level of 99.90%). This provides an imperfect argument against the traditional idea that the Trojans were formed around Jupiter's orbit. We also find no overlap in Trojan properties with either the main belt asteroids or with the small icy bodies in the outer Solar System. Importantly, we find that the Trojans are indistinguishable from other small bodies in the outer Solar System that have lost their surface ices (such as the gray Centaurs, gray Scattered Disk Objects, and dead comets). Thus, we find strong support for the idea that the Trojans originally formed as icy bodies in the outer Solar System, were captured into their current orbits during the migration of the gas giant planets, and subsequently lost all their surface ices.
description: Icarus, in press
Privacy-Preserving Ensemble Infused Enhanced Deep Neural Network Framework for Edge Cloud Convergence
Creators: name: Stephanie, Veronika
name: Khalil, Ibrahim
name: Rahman, Mohammad Saidur
name: Atiquzzaman, Mohammed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a privacy-preserving ensemble infused enhanced Deep Neural Network (DNN) based learning framework in this paper for Internet-of-Things (IoT), edge, and cloud convergence in the context of healthcare. In the convergence, edge server is used for both storing IoT produced bioimage and hosting DNN algorithm for local model training. The cloud is used for ensembling local models. The DNN-based training process of a model with a local dataset suffers from low accuracy, which can be improved by the aforementioned convergence and Ensemble Learning. The ensemble learning allows multiple participants to outsource their local model for producing a generalized final model with high accuracy. Nevertheless, Ensemble Learning elevates the risk of leaking sensitive private data from the final model. The proposed framework presents a Differential Privacy-based privacy-preserving DNN with Transfer Learning for a local model generation to ensure minimal loss and higher efficiency at edge server. We conduct several experiments to evaluate the performance of our proposed framework.
Notch1 signaling plays an essential role in metabolic rewiring in chemoresistance prostate cancer
Creators: name: Li, Yuanzhe
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Prostate Carcinoma (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed type of cancer and the fifth leading cause of mortality among males in the world. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is the first-line treatment option. Most PCa patients initially respond to androgen ablation, but eventually develop recurrent castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Current CRPC management combines chemotherapy like docetaxel with advanced ADT options like Enzalutamide and Abiraterone, extending survival but not curing, as chemoresistance eventually develops. Therefore, it is crucial to identify new molecular pathways that drive the chemoresistance, thereby discovering novel targets for developing innovative therapeutic to overcome resistance. Notch signaling has been previously illustrated to regulate cellular metabolism in cancer via different mechanisms. However, whether Notch signaling plays a regulatory role in prostate cancer remains unknown. In my dissertation, I investigated how Notch regulates metabolism in prostate cancer. I found that Notch1 positively regulates metabolic genes through PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Notch signaling has been proven to participate in the development of chemoresistance prostate cancer. To explore the metabolic regulatory role of Notch in the development of chemoresistance, I used a docetaxel chemoresistance Du145 cell model and found that the Notch1 signaling pathway is highly activated in this chemoresistance cell line. Further explorations revealed that a Notch1 inhibitor can sufficiently block the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling and downstream metabolic genes as well as reduce glycolytic rate and triglyceride synthesis to the levels similarly to that produced by PI3K-Akt-mTOR inhibition. Most importantly, I found that Notch1 inhibition could block the tumor cell proliferation and that combination of Notch1 and mTOR inhibitors produced synergistic effects in suppressing the cancer cell proliferation. These data suggest that Notch1 signaling plays an essential role in chemoresistance development. In summary, this research demonstrates that through the mediation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, Notch1 plays a vital role in the metabolic rewiring during the development of chemoresistance in prostate cancers. The study provides strong evidence supporting a combination of Notch1 and mTOR inhibitors as a novel strategy overcome chemoresistance in late-stage prostate cancers.
Is it possible to see the infinite future of the Universe when falling into a black hole?
Creators: name: Grib, A. A.
name: Pavlov, Yu. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A possibility to see the infinite future of the Universe by an astronaut falling into a black hole is discussed and ruled out.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures; Methodological Notes
Kernel Spectral Curvature Clustering (KSCC)
Creators: name: Chen, G.
name: Atev, S.
name: Lerman, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-manifold modeling is increasingly used in segmentation and data representation tasks in computer vision and related fields. While the general problem, modeling data by mixtures of manifolds, is very challenging, several approaches exist for modeling data by mixtures of affine subspaces (which is often referred to as hybrid linear modeling). We translate some important instances of multi-manifold modeling to hybrid linear modeling in embedded spaces, without explicitly performing the embedding but applying the kernel trick. The resulting algorithm, Kernel Spectral Curvature Clustering, uses kernels at two levels - both as an implicit embedding method to linearize nonflat manifolds and as a principled method to convert a multiway affinity problem into a spectral clustering one. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by comparing it with other state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic data and a real-world problem of segmenting multiple motions from two perspective camera views.
description: accepted to 2009 ICCV Workshop on Dynamical Vision
New method for deciphering free energy landscape of three-state proteins
Creators: name: Li, Mai Suan
name: Gabovich, A. M.
name: Voitenko, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We have developed a new simulation method to estimate the distance between the native state and the first transition state, and the distance between the intermediate state and the second transition state of a protein which mechanically unfolds via intermediates. Assuming that the end-to-end extension $ΔR$ is a good reaction coordinate to describe the free energy landscape of proteins subjected to an external force, we define the midpoint extension $ΔR^*$ between two transition states from either constant-force or constant loading rate pulling simulations. In the former case, $ΔR^*$ is defined as a middle point between two plateaus in the time-dependent curve of $ΔR$, while, in the latter one, it is a middle point between two peaks in the force-extension curve. Having determined $ΔR^*$, one can compute times needed to cross two transition state barriers starting from the native state. With the help of the Bell and microscopic kinetic theory, force dependencies of these unfolding times can be used to locate the intermediate state and to extract unfolding barriers. We have applied our method to the titin domain I27 and the fourth domain of {\em Dictyostelium discoideum} filamin (DDFLN4), and obtained reasonable agreement with experiments, using the C$_α$-Go model.
description: 18 pages, 1 table, 5 figures
MovieBench: A Hierarchical Movie Level Dataset for Long Video Generation
Creators: name: Wu, Weijia
name: Liu, Mingyu
name: Zhu, Zeyu
name: Xia, Xi
name: Feng, Haoen
name: Wang, Wen
name: Lin, Kevin Qinghong
name: Shen, Chunhua
name: Shou, Mike Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advancements in video generation models, like Stable Video Diffusion, show promising results, but primarily focus on short, single-scene videos. These models struggle with generating long videos that involve multiple scenes, coherent narratives, and consistent characters. Furthermore, there is no publicly available dataset tailored for the analysis, evaluation, and training of long video generation models. In this paper, we present MovieBench: A Hierarchical Movie-Level Dataset for Long Video Generation, which addresses these challenges by providing unique contributions: (1) movie-length videos featuring rich, coherent storylines and multi-scene narratives, (2) consistency of character appearance and audio across scenes, and (3) hierarchical data structure contains high-level movie information and detailed shot-level descriptions. Experiments demonstrate that MovieBench brings some new insights and challenges, such as maintaining character ID consistency across multiple scenes for various characters. The dataset will be public and continuously maintained, aiming to advance the field of long video generation. Data can be found at: https://weijiawu.github.io/MovieBench/.
description: The project website is at: https://weijiawu.github.io/MovieBench/. Code: https://github.com/showlab/MovieBecnh
Density scaling of the diffusion coefficient at various pressures in viscous liquids
Creators: name: Papathanassiou, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fundamental thermodynamics and an earlier elastic solid-state point defect model [P. Varotsos and K. Alexopoulos, Phys. Rev B 15, 4111 (1977); 18, 2683 (1978)] are employed to formulate an analytical second-order polynomial function describing the density scaling of the diffusion coefficient in viscous liquids. The function parameters are merely determined by the scaling exponent, which is directly connected with the Gruneisen constant. Density scaling diffusion coefficient isotherms obtained at different pressures collapse on a unique master curve, in agreement with recent computer simulation results of Lennard-Jones viscous liquids, [D. Coslovich and C.M. Roland, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 1329 (2008)].
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E (2009) Minor typos corrected in the 2nd version
An Fe XXVI Absorption Line in the Persistent Spectrum of the Dipping Low Mass X-ray Binary 1A 1744-361
Creators: name: Gavriil, Fotis P.
name: Strohmayer, Tod E.
name: Bhattacharyya, Sudip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) High-Energy Transmission Grating (HETG) spectra of the dipping Low Mass X-ray Binary (LMXB) 1A 1744-361 during its July 2008 outburst. We find that its persistent emission is well modeled by a blackbody (kT ~ 1.0 keV) plus power-law ($Γ$ ~ 1.7) with an absorption edge at 7.6 keV. In the residuals of the combined spectrum we find a significant absorption line at 6.961+/-0.002 keV, consistent with the Fe XXVI (hydrogen-like Fe) 2 - 1 transition. We place an upper limit on the velocity of a redshifted flow of v < 221 km/s. We find an equivalent width for the line of 27^+2_-3 eV, from which we determine a column density of 7+/-1x10^17 cm^-2 via a curve-of-growth analysis. Using XSTAR simulations, we place a lower limit on the ionization parameter of > 10^3.6 erg cm/s. The properties of this line are consistent with those observed in other dipping LMXBs. Using Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) data accumulated during this latest outburst we present an updated color-color diagram which clearly shows that 1A 1744-361 is an "atoll" source. Finally, using additional dips found in the RXTE and CXO data we provide an updated orbital period estimate of 52+/-5 minutes.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, submitted to ApJ
Piezonuclear Neutrons
Creators: name: Cardone, Fabio
name: Cherubini, Giovanni
name: Petrucci, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of neutron measurements carried out during the application of ultrasounds to a solution containing only stable elements like Iron and Chlorine, without any other radioactive source of any kind. These measurements, carried out by CR39 detectors and a Boron TriFouride electronic detector, evidenced the emission of neutron pulses. These pulses stand well above the electronic noise and the background of the laboratory where the measurements were carried out.
description: 3 figure, 13 pages
Effective and explicit S-unit equations with many terms
Creators: name: Bajpai, Prajeet
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: We demonstrate how to effectively (and often fully explicitly) solve several examples of S-unit equations in many terms, and apply our methods to a variety of Diophantine problems. The methods are based on Baker's theory of linear forms in logarithms, and we discuss both the theoretical and the computational questions that arise.
title: MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR DURING A COMPLEX STRESS TEST OF THIN-WALLED, CYLINDRICAL SINGLE-CRYSTAL SPECIMENS
Creators: name: Vasilyev, Boris
name: Selivanov, Alexander
name: Shibaev, Sergey
Publisher: name: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Year: 2020

description: The von Mises and Hill yield criteria are commonly used when the stress-strain
state of parts under complex loading conditions is calculated. However, those yield criteria
are not suitable in some materials and do not reliably describe the inelastic behavior of the
material under complex stress conditions. The development of a simple and accurate criterion
of plastic flow is relevant. This paper presents the results of the yield criterion development
for a single crystal nickel-based superalloy (ZhS32) based on the systematization of
experimental data. Various types of stress state were realized during the experiment: tension,
compression, torsion, as well as combinations of tension-torsion, compression-torsion.
High Energy Activation Data Library (HEAD-2009)
Creators: name: Korovin, Yury A.
name: Natalenko, Anatoly A.
name: Konobeyev, Alexander Yu.
name: Stankovskiy, Alexey Yu.
name: Mashnik, Stepan G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A proton activation data library for 682 nuclides from 1-H to 210-Po in the energy range from 150 MeV up to 1 GeV was developed. To calculate proton activation data, the MCNPX 2.6.0 and CASCADE/INPE codes were chosen. Different intranuclear cascade, preequilibrium, and equilibrium nuclear reaction models and their combinations were used. The optimum calculation models have been chosen on the basis of statistical correlations for calculated and experimental proton data taken from the EXFOR library of experimental nuclear data. All the data are written in ENDF-6 format. The library is called HEPAD-2008 (High-Energy Proton Activation Data). A revision of IEAF-2005 neutron activation data library has been performed: A set of nuclides for which the cross-section data can be (and were) updated using more modern and improved models is specified, and the corresponding calculations have been made in the present work. The new version of the library is called IEAF-2009. The HEPAD-2008 and IEAF-2009 are merged to the final HEAD-2009 library.
description: 21 pages, 10 tables, 3 figures, only pdf, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A
The First Results of Distributed Peer Review at ESO Show Promising Outcomes
Creators: name: Jerabkova, Tereza
name: Patat, Ferdinando
name: Primas, Francesca
name: Dorigo, Dario
name: Sogni, Fabio
name: Astolfi, Lucas
name: Bierwirth, Thomas
name: Pruemm, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The European Southern Observatory (ESO) implemented a new paradigm called Distributed Peer Review (DPR) as part of its proposal evaluation process in Period 110. Under DPR, Principal Investigators who submit proposals agree to review a certain number of proposals submitted by their peers and accept that their own proposal(s) are reviewed by their peers who have also submitted proposals in the same cycle. This article presents a brief overview of the DPR process at ESO, and its outcomes based on data from periods 110 and 111.
description: Published in the ESO Messenger
The spectroscopic evolution of the symbiotic star AG Draconis. I.The O VI Raman, Balmer, and helium emission line variations during the outburst of 2006-2008
Creators: name: Shore, S. N.
name: Wahlgren, G. M.
name: Genovali, K.
name: Bernabei, S.
name: Koubsky, P.
name: Šlechta, M.
name: Škoda, P.
name: Skopal, A.
name: Wolf, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AG Dra is one of a small group of low metallicity S-type symbiotic binaries with K-type giants that undergoes occasional short-term outbursts of unknown origin. Our aim is to study the behavior of the white dwarf during an outburst using the optical Raman lines and other emission features in the red giant wind. The goal is to determine changes in the envelope and the wind of the gainer in this system during a major outburst event and to study the coupling between the UV and optical during a major outburst. Using medium and high resolution groundbased optical spectra and comparisons with archival $FUSE$ and $HST/STIS$ spectra, we study the evolution of the Raman O VI features and the Balmer, He I, and He II lines during the outburst from 2006 Sept. through 2007 May and include more recent observations (2009) to study the subsequent evolution of the source. The O VI Raman features disappeared completely at the peak of the major outburst and the subsequent variation differs substantially from that reported during the previous decade. The He I and He II lines, and the Balmer lines, vary in phase with the Raman features but there is a double-valuedness to the He I 6678, 7065 relative to the O VI Raman 6825Å variations in the period between 2006-2008 that has not been previously reported. The variations in the Raman feature ratio through the outburst interval are consistent with the disappearance of the O VI FUV resonance wind lines from the white dwarf and of the surrounding O$^{+5}$ ionized region within the red giant wind provoked by the expansion and cooling of the white dwarf photosphere.
description: 10 pages, 15 figs. A&A (in press, accepted for publication 23/11/2009)
High frequency market microstructure noise estimates and liquidity measures
Creators: name: Aït-Sahalia, Yacine
name: Yu, Jialin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Using recent advances in the econometrics literature, we disentangle from high frequency observations on the transaction prices of a large sample of NYSE stocks a fundamental component and a microstructure noise component. We then relate these statistical measurements of market microstructure noise to observable characteristics of the underlying stocks and, in particular, to different financial measures of their liquidity. We find that more liquid stocks based on financial characteristics have lower noise and noise-to-signal ratio measured from their high frequency returns. We then examine whether there exists a common, market-wide, factor in high frequency stock-level measurements of noise, and whether that factor is priced in asset returns.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOAS200 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Detection of a semitransparent object with no exchange of quanta
Creators: name: Vujnović, Vedran
name: Kralj, Nenad
name: Karuza, Marin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we theoretically analyze the optimization of a Fabry-Pérot cavity for the purpose of detecting partially absorbing objects placed inside without photon exchange. Utilizing the input-output formalism, we quantitatively relate the probability of correctly inferring the presence or absence of the object to the probability of avoiding absorption. We show that, if the cavity decay rate due to absorption by the object is comparable to that of the empty cavity and to the object-induced detuning, the product of the two probabilities is maximized by an undercoupled cavity, in which case detection in transmission is favorable to that in reflection. These results are contrary to the case of a perfect absorber, thus adding to the body of work pertaining to interaction-free measurement schemes and providing insight into optimizing their efficiency when detecting realistic objects.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
title: Do Microplastics, Vibrio Bacteria, and Warming Water Temperatures Cause Disease in the Northern Star Coral, Astrangia poculata?
Creators: name: Sheffey, Heather Leigh
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: As marine plastic pollution increases, it becomes imperative to study the effects of microplastics on marine fauna. Marine plastic debris is a vector for disease to marine invertebrates (Lamb et al., 2018; Rotjan et al., 2019). In this context, studies have shown Astrangia poculata will consume microplastics as they do their normal food (Allen et al, 2017; Rotjan et al., 2019). Further, with temperatures increasing worldwide, there is a concern the virulence of disease-causing bacteria will increase (Vezzulli et al., 2015). In a series of manipulative laboratory experiments, this study quantified changes in respiration rates and visual health of Astrangia poculata when exposed to microplastics alone, microplastics having a biofilm of putative disease-causing bacteria, and warming temperatures. Astrangia fragments were exposed to 4 different temperatures: 22℃, 25℃, 28℃, and 32℃. The initial experiments at 22℃ compared visually determined effects on health exerted by two bacteria known to cause disease in coral, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio coralliilyticus. A significant difference was not found between the bacterial treatments. Within each experiment at higher temperatures, coral fragments were exposed either to “clean” microplastics or microplastics coated with V. coralliilyticus. Although respiration rate and visual health responded significantly to warmer temperatures, significant changes were not observed in response to disease-causing bacteria or microplastics.
Exploring the potential of LLMs for biomedical relation extraction
Creators: name: Kanwal, Swati
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Though the current state-of-the-art models for biomedical relation extraction rely on encoder-only LLMs that are pre-trained on domain-specific data and then fine-tuned using large amounts of annotated data, there is a compelling argument to explore decoder-only LLMs and alternative task formulation paradigms to investigate if similar or superior results can be achieved for this task without the need for large amounts of annotated data and computational resources. Surprisingly, there has been limited exploration of decoder-only LLMs for biomedical relation extraction. This study aims to address this gap, presenting BioREPS, a novel method that enhances decoder-only LLMs through semantic similarity and chain-of-thought prompting, yielding promising outcomes. This study highlights the effectiveness of instruction training and self-generated chain-of-thought prompts in enhancing the reasoning abilities of decoder-only LLMs for biomedical relation extraction. Additionally, this research investigates various task formulation paradigms and the empirical advantages of domain-specific training for biomedical relation extraction through a series of experiments. The results confirm that ”general” decoder-only Language Models (LLMs) hold immense potential for the task of biomedical relation extraction and come close to state-of-the-art performance with a fractional amount of data and no additional training.
Out-of-Distribution Detection for Adaptive Computer Vision
Creators: name: Lind, Simon Kristoffersson
name: Triebel, Rudolph
name: Nardi, Luigi
name: Krueger, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is well known that computer vision can be unreliable when faced with previously unseen imaging conditions. This paper proposes a method to adapt camera parameters according to a normalizing flow-based out-of-distibution detector. A small-scale study is conducted which shows that adapting camera parameters according to this out-of-distibution detector leads to an average increase of 3 to 4 percentage points in mAP, mAR and F1 performance metrics of a YOLOv4 object detector. As a secondary result, this paper also shows that it is possible to train a normalizing flow model for out-of-distribution detection on the COCO dataset, which is larger and more diverse than most benchmarks for out-of-distibution detectors.
description: Published in Springer Lecture Notes for Computer Science Vol. 13886 as part of the conference proceedings for Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis 2023