cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Second Law of Thermodynamics from Anisotropic Gas-Surface Interactions
Creators: name: Miller, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamic implications of anisotropic gas-surface interactions in a closed molecular flow cavity are examined. Anisotropy at the microscopic scale, such as might be caused by reduced-dimensionality surfaces, is shown to lead to reversibility at the macroscopic scale. The possibility of a self-sustaining nonequilibrium stationary state induced by surface anisotropy is demonstrated that simultaneously satisfies flux balance, conservation of momentum, and conservation of energy. Conversely, it is also shown that the second law of thermodynamics prohibits anisotropic gas-surface interactions in "equilibrium", even for reduced dimensionality surfaces. This is particularly startling because reduced dimensionality surfaces are known to exhibit a plethora of anisotropic properties. That gas-surface interactions would be excluded from these anisotropic properties is completely counterintuitive from a causality perspective. These results provide intriguing insights into the second law of thermodynamics and its relation to gas-surface interaction physics.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures
New Results on Xi0 Hyperon Decays
Creators: name: Wanke, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the recent years many new measurements of the decay of the neutral Xi0 hyperon have been reported both by the NA48/1 and the KTeV collaboration. The results are based on data samples of more than 2 billion Xi0 decays. In this report new measurements of the Xi0 lifetime, decay asymmetries, and semileptonic decay rates are presented. The latter allow the extraction of the CKM matrix element |V_us|, complementary to kaon decays.
description: 7 pages, contribution to the Proceedings of HQL06, October 2006, Munich
Determination of Fault Location in Transmission Lines with Image Processing and Artificial Neural Networks
Creators: name: Budak, Serkan
name: Akbal, Bahadir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In order to transmit electrical energy in a continuous and quality manner, it is necessary to control it from the point of production to the point of consumption. Therefore, protection of transmission and distribution lines is essential at every stage from production to consumption. The main function of the protection relays in electrical installations should be deactivated as soon as possible in the event of short circuits in the system. The most important part of the system is energy transmission lines and distance protection relays that protect these lines. An accurate error location technique is required to make fast and efficient work. Transformer neutral point grounding in transmission lines affects the operation of the zero component current during the single phase to ground short circuit failure of a power system. Considering the relationship between the grounding system and protection systems, an appropriate grounding choice should be made. Artificial neural network (ANN) has been used in order to accurately locate short circuit faults in different grounding systems in transmission lines. Compared with support vector machines (SVM) for testing inside ANN The transmission line model is made in the PSCAD-EMTDC simulation program. Data sets were created by recording the image of the impedance change of the R-X impedance diagram of the distance protection relay in short circuit faults created in different grounding systems. The related focal points in the images are given as an introduction to different ANN models using feature extraction and image processing techniques and the ANN model with the highest fault location estimation accuracy was chosen.
description: in Turkish language
Numerical Investigation of Soot Formation in Turbulent Diffusion Flame with Strong Turbulence Chemistry Interaction
Creators: name: Reddy, B. Manedhar
name: De, Ashoke
name: Yadav, Rakesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work is aimed at examining the ability of different models in predicting soot formation in Delft flame III, which is a non-premixed pilot stabilized natural gas flame. The turbulence-chemistry interactions are modeled using a laminar steady flamelet model (SLFM). One step and two step models are used to describe the formation, growth, and oxidation of soot particles. One Step is an empirical model which solves the soot mass fraction equation. The two-step models are semi empirical models, where the soot formation is modelled by solving the governing transport equations for the soot mass fraction and normalized radical nuclei concentration. The effect of radiative heat transfer due to gas and soot particulates is included using P1 approximation. The absorption coefficient of the mixture is modeled using the weighted sum of gray gases model (WSGGM). The turbulence-chemistry interaction effects on soot formation are studied using a single variable probability density function (PDF) in terms of a normalized temperature or mixture fraction. The results shown in this work clearly elucidate the effect of radiation and turbulence-chemistry interaction on soot formation. The soot volume fraction decreases with the introduction of radiation interactions, which is consistence with the theoretical predictions. It has also been observed in the current work that the soot volume fraction is sensitive to the variable used in the PDF to incorporate the turbulence interactions.
Reversal modes in magnetic nanotubes
Creators: name: Landeros, P.
name: Allende, S.
name: Escrig, J.
name: Salcedo, E.
name: Altbir, D.
name: Vogel, E. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic switching of ferromagnetic nanotubes is investigated as a function of their geometry. Two independent methods are used: Numerical simulations and analytical calculations. It is found that for long tubes the reversal of magnetization is achieved by two mechanism: The propagation of a transverse or a vortex domain wall depending on the internal and external radii of the tube.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Broad H-alpha wings from the optically thin stellar wind of the hot components in symbiotic binaries
Creators: name: Skopal, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: To model broad H-alpha wings observed in symbiotic binaries by an optically thin, bipolar stellar wind from their hot components as an alternative to that considering the Raman scattering of Ly-beta photons on atomic hydrogen. Methods: Profile-fitting analysis. Comparison of the observed broad H-alpha wings and their luminosity with those predicted by the model. Results: Synthetic H-alpha profiles fit excellently the observed wings for |RV| > 200 km/s in our sample of 10 symbiotic stars during the quiescent as well as active phases. The wing profile formed in the stellar wind can be approximated by a function f(RV) proportional to RVexp-2, which is of the same type as that arising from the Raman scattering. Therefore it is not possible to distinguish between these two processes only by modeling the line profile. Some observational characteristics of the H-alpha emission suggest the ionized stellar wind from the hot component to be the dominant source contributing to the H-alpha wings during active phases. The model corresponding mass-loss rates from the hot components are of a few x 10exp(-8) M(Sun)/yr and of a few x (10exp(-7) - 10exp(-6)) M(Sun)/yr during quiescent and active phases, respectively.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted for A&A (13/07/2006)
Bounds on the basic physical parameters for anisotropic compact general relativistic objects
Creators: name: Boehmer, C. G.
name: Harko, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive upper and lower limits for the basic physical parameters (mass-radius ratio, anisotropy, redshift and total energy) for arbitrary anisotropic general relativistic matter distributions in the presence of a cosmological constant. The values of these quantities are strongly dependent on the value of the anisotropy parameter (the difference between the tangential and radial pressure) at the surface of the star. In the presence of the cosmological constant, a minimum mass configuration with given anisotropy does exist. Anisotropic compact stellar type objects can be much more compact than the isotropic ones, and their radii may be close to their corresponding Schwarzschild radii. Upper bounds for the anisotropy parameter are also obtained from the analysis of the curvature invariants. General restrictions for the redshift and the total energy (including the gravitational contribution) for anisotropic stars are obtained in terms of the anisotropy parameter. Values of the surface redshift parameter greater than two could be the main observational signature for anisotropic stellar type objects.
description: 18 pages, no figures, accepted for publication in CQG
Numerical investigation of MILD combustion using Multi-Environment Eulerian Probability Density Function modeling
Creators: name: Dongre, Akshay
name: De, Ashoke
name: Yadav, Rakesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present paper, the flames imitating Moderate and Intense Low Oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion are studied using the Probability Density Function (PDF) modeling approach. Two burners which imitate MILD combustion are considered for the current study: one is Adelaide Jet-in-Hot-Coflow (JHC) burner and the other one is Delft-Jet-In-Hot-Coflow (DJHC) burner. 2D RANS simulations have been carried out using Multi-environment Eulerian Probability Density Function (MEPDF) approach along with the Interaction-by-Exchange-with-Mean (IEM) micro-mixing model. A quantitative comparison is made to assess the accuracy and predictive capability of the MEPDF model in the MILD combustion regime. The computations are performed for two different jet speeds corresponding to Reynolds numbers of Re=4100 and Re=8800 for DJHC burner, while Re=10000 is considered for the Adelaide burner. In the case of DJHC burner, for Re=4100, it has been observed that the mean axial velocity profiles and the turbulent kinetic energy profiles are in good agreement with the experimental database while the temperature profiles are slightly over-predicted in the downstream region. For the higher Reynolds number case (Re=8800), the accuracy of the predictions is found to be reduced. Whereas in the case of Adelaide burner, the computed profiles of temperature and the mass fraction of major species (CH4, H2, N2, O2) are found to be in excellent agreement with the measurements while the discrepancies are observed in the mass fraction profiles of CO2 and H2O. In addition, the effects of differential diffusion are observed due to the presence of H2 in the fuel mixture.
Augmenting the Perception of Other's Anxiety with Subliminal Interfaces
Creators: name: González Olmos, A
name: Brewster, S
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Adoptive parents often care for children with attachment problems who have had traumatic experiences and in many cases, have problems communicating their emotions. In our research, we investigate how quantified-self devices can be used in combination with multimodal interfaces to augment the perception of the internal state of a child with attachment problems.
Magnetostriction in the Bose-Einstein Condensate quantum magnet NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2
Creators: name: Zapf, V. S.
name: Correa, V. F.
name: Batista, C. D.
name: Murphy, T. P.
name: Palm, E. D.
name: Jaime, M.
name: Tozer, S.
name: Lacerda, A.
name: Paduan-Filho, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum magnet NiCl$_2$-4SC(NH$_2$)$_2$ is a candidate for observing Bose-Einstein Condensation of spin degrees of freedom in applied magnetic fields. An XY antiferromagnetic ordered state occurs in a dome-shaped region of the temperature-field phase diagram between H$_{c1}$ = 2.1 T and H$_{c2}$ = 12.6 T and below 1.2 K. BEC corresponds to the field-induced quantum phase transition into the ordered state. We investigate magnetostriction in single crystals of this compound at dilution refrigerator temperatures in magnetic fields up to 18 T, and as a function of magnetic field angle. We show that significant changes in the lattice parameters are induced by magnetic fields, and argue that these result from antiferromagnetic couplings between the Ni spins along the tetragonal c-axis. The magnetic phase diagram as a function of temperature, field, and field angle can be extracted from these data. We discuss the implications of these results to Bose-Einstein Condensation in this system.
description: Submitted to Journal of Applied Physics
Astronomy: Trouble at first light
Creators: name: Madau, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question of how much light the first stars produced is fundamental to models of the Universe's development. But observations have so far failed to agree: is the answer a lot, or not very much at all?
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, Nature News and Views on Aharonian et al. 2006, Nature, 440, 1018-1021
Investigation of superconducting properties of NbN films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on high-k dielectric HfO2 buffer layer
Creators: name: Porokhov, N. V.
name: Sirotina, A. P.
name: Pershina, E. A.
name: Shibalov, M. V.
name: Diudbin, G. D.
name: Mumlyakov, A. V.
name: Timofeeva, E. R.
name: Trofimov, I. V.
name: Tagachenkov, A. M.
name: Anufriev, Yu. V.
name: Zenova, E. V.
name: Tarkhov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of the buffer layer of hafnia dielectric on superconducting properties of niobium nitride films, produced by the technique of the reactive magnetron depositing has been investigated for the first time. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of morphological, microstructural, and electrophysical parameters of thin NbN films.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Optically Thick [O I] and [C II] Emission Towards NGC 6334 A
Creators: name: Abel, N. P.
name: Sarma, A. P.
name: Troland, T. H.
name: Ferland, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work focuses on [O I] and [C II] emission towards NGC 6334 A, an embedded H+ region/PDR only observable at infrared or longer wavelengths. A geometry where nearly all the emission escapes out the side of the cloud facing the stars, such as Orion, is not applicable to this region. Instead, we find the geometry to be one where the H+ region and associated PDR is embedded in the molecular cloud. Constant density PDR calculations are presented which predict line intensities as a function of AV (or N(H)), hydrogen density (nH), and incident UV radiation field (G0). We find that a single component model with AV ~650 mag, nH = 5x10^5 cm-3, and G0 = 7x10^4 reproduces the observed [O I] and [C II] intensities, and that the low [O I] 63 to 146 micron ratio is due to line optical depth effects in the [O I] lines, produced by a large column density of atomic/molecular gas. We find that the effects of a density-law would increase our derived AV, while the effects of an asymmetric geometry would decrease AV, with the two effects largely canceling. We conclude that optically selected H+ regions adjacent to PDRs, such as Orion, likely have a different viewing angle or geometry than similar regions detected through IR observations. Overall, the theoretical calculations presented in this work have utility for any PDR embedded in a molecular cloud.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Capillary channels in a gravitational field
Creators: name: López, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q35; 76B45; 35J65; 53A10

description: The liquid shape between two vertical parallel plates in a gravity field due to capillary forces is studied. When the physical system achieves its mechanical equilibrium, the capillary surface has mean curvature proportional to its height above a horizontal reference plane and it meets the vertical walls in a prescribed angle. We examine the shapes of these interfaces and their qualitative properties depending on the sign of the capillary constant. We focus to obtain estimates of the size of the meniscus, as for example, its height and volume.
description: 28 pages
MeV sterile neutrinos in low reheating temperature cosmological scenarios
Creators: name: Gelmini, Graciela
name: Osoba, Efunwande
name: Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio
name: Pascoli, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is commonly assumed that the cosmological and astrophysical bounds on the mixings of sterile with active neutrinos are much more stringent than those obtained from laboratory measurements. We point out that in scenarios with a very low reheating temperature T_RH << 100 MeV at the end of (the last episode of) inflation or entropy creation, the abundance of sterile neutrinos becomes largely suppressed with respect to that obtained within the standard framework. Thus, in this case cosmological bounds become much less stringent than usually assumed, allowing sterile neutrinos to be ``visible'' in future experiments. Here, we concentrate on massive (mostly sterile) neutrinos heavier than 1 MeV.
description: 14 pp, 7 figs
Pre-main sequence spectroscopic binaries suitable for VLTI observations
Creators: name: Guenther, E. W.
name: Esposito, M.
name: Mundt, R.
name: Covino, E.
name: Alcala, J. M.
name: Cusano, F.
name: Stecklum, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A severe problem of the research in star-formation is that the masses of young stars are almost always estimated only from evolutionary tracks. Since the tracks published by different groups differ, it is often only possible to give a rough estimate of the masses of young stars. It is thus crucial to test and calibrate the tracks. Up to now, only a few tests of the tracks could be carried out. However, with the VLTI it is now possible to set constrains on the tracks by determining the masses of many young binary stars precisely. In order to use the VLTI efficiently, a first step is to find suitable targets, which is the purpose of this work. Given the distance of nearby star-forming regions, suitable VLTI targets are binaries with orbital periods between at least 50 days, and few years. Although a number of surveys for detecting spectroscopic binaries have been carried out, most of the binaries found so far have periods which are too short. We thus surveyed the Chamaeleon, Corona Australis, Lupus, Sco-Cen, rho Ophiuci star-forming regions in order to search for spectroscopic binaries with periods longer than 50 days, which are suitable for the VLTI observations. As a result of the 8 years campaign we discovered 8 binaries with orbital periods longer than 50 days. Amongst the newly discovered long period binaries is CS Cha, which is one of the few classical T Tauri stars with a circumbinary disk. The survey is limited to objects with masses higher than 0.1 to 0.2 Modot for periods between 1 and 8 years. We find that the frequency of binaries with orbital periods < 3000 days is of 20+/-5 percent. The frequency of long and short period pre-main sequence spectroscopic binaries is about the same as for stars in the solar neighbourhood. In total 14 young binaries are now known which are suitable for mass determination with the VLTI.
description: 16 pages
Thermodynamics of Statistical Anyons
Creators: name: Myers, Nathan M.
name: Deffner, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In low-dimensional systems, indistinguishable particles can display statistics that interpolate between bosons and fermions. Signatures of these "anyons" have been detected in two-dimensional quasiparticle excitations of the fractional quantum Hall effect, however experimental access to these quasiparticles remains limited. As an alternative to these "topological anyons," we propose "statistical anyons" realized through a statistical mixture of particles with bosonic and fermionic symmetry. We show that the framework of statistical anyons is equivalent to the generalized exclusion statistics (GES) pioneered by Haldane, significantly broadening the range of systems to which GES apply. We develop the full thermodynamic characterizations of these statistical anyons, including both equilibrium and nonequilibrium behavior. To develop a complete picture, we compare the performance of quantum heat engines with working mediums of statistical anyons and traditional topological anyons, demonstrating the effects of the anyonic phase in both local equilibrium and fully nonequilibrium regimes. In addition, methods of optimizing engine performance through shortcuts to adiabaticity are investigated, using both linear response and fast forward techniques.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures
Wave Chaos in Rotating Optical Cavities
Creators: name: Harayama, Takahisa
name: Sunada, Satoshi
name: Miyasaka, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that, even when the eigenmodes of an optical cavity are wave-chaotic, the frequency splitting due to the rotation of the cavity occurs and the frequency difference is proportional to the angular velocity although the splitting eigenmodes are still wave-chaotic and do not correspond to any unidirectionally-rotating waves.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
“Multinationality with variable geometry” and the EU legal order
Creators: name: Delfino, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: Italian Labour Law e-Journal
Year: 2019
Subjects: Multinationality; formal corporate control; substantial corporate control; digital platform; relocation; workers’ protection

description: This paper highlights that the approach to the “notion” of “multinationality” of the EU legal order is different from that adopted by the international legal order, where that notion is substantially irrelevant. For the EU legal system, it is often appropriate to define a multinational company and this system does not adopt only one definition, thus giving rise to a “variable geometry multinationality”. In this regard, the EU provisions on collective redundancies and on European works councils are very eloquent although the EU adopts a different approach in the two cases. Another notion of multinationality at the EU level is that concerning companies operating on a digital platform where it is possible to speak of a "double multinationality", the first deriving from the presence of several undertakings of a group operating according to corporate logic, and the second arising from the presence of the digital platform. The final part of the paper deals with the notion of multinationality in the Italian legal order as regards to some quite recent national provisions concerning relocation outside the European Union.
description: Italian Labour Law e-Journal, Vol 12, No 1 (2019)
The Working Poor in the European Union
Creators: name: Tufo, Marco
Publisher: name: Italian Labour Law e-Journal
Year: 2019
Subjects: Working poor; In-work-poverty; European Union; Minimum wage; Minimum income

description: The economic and financial crisis has resulted in a significant increase in the EU working poor. Nevertheless, the EU and its Member States have hardly coped directly with this phenomenon, adopting instead “traditional” social policies, aiming at increasing employment or combating poverty in general. However, in-work poverty is a complex issue, stemming from a variety of factors and requiring to be addressed specifically. The present paper offers an overview of in-work poverty in the EU from a labour and social security law point of view. Firstly, the concept of in-work poverty is delimited. Secondly, poor workers are identified according to the contractual typology. Thirdly, other in-work poverty factors are searched to understand if in-work poverty is exclusively linked to the labour market. Then, some examples of national working poor’s measures are analysed, as well as the EU policies in this regard. Finally, it is assessed if the EU actions are effective in order to solve the working poor problem and to coordinate the national anti-in-work poverty strategies chosen by the Member States.
description: Italian Labour Law e-Journal, Vol 12, No 1 (2019)
Entropy balancing for causal effects in discrete choice analysis: The Blue Planet II effect.
Creators: name: Hynes, S.
name: Ankamah-Yeboah, I.
name: O’Neill, S.
name: Needham, K.
name: Bich Xuan, B.
name: Armstrong, C.
name: Hynes, S.
name: Ankamah-Yeboah, I.
name: O’Neill, S.
name: Needham, K.
name: Bich Xuan, B.
name: Armstrong, C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: entropy balancing; willingness to pay; discrete choice model; marine ecosystem services; nature documentaries

description: In this study the discrete choice experiment approach was employed in a survey of the Scottish general public to analyse how respondents make trade-offs between blue growth potential and marine ecosystem service delivery associated with the Mingulay cold water reef complex. Results indicate a higher willingness to pay for management options associated with the highest possible levels of marine litter control followed by the highest possible levels of fish health. Using entropy balancing, a multivariate reweighting method to produce balanced samples in observational studies, we also test the impact that having watched the BBC Blue Planet II documentary series may have had on individuals’ willingness to support marine conservation activity. Whether or not respondents had seen the BBC Blue Planet II series was found to have a significant impact on people’s preferences. Despite this, the willingness to pay (WTP) does not differ between the two groups suggesting that such documentaries may impact preferences but not the final action of WTP. It is argued that the entropy weighting approach can be a useful tool in discrete choice modelling when the researcher is concerned with estimating differences in preferences between a group of interest and a comparison group.
description: Acknowledgements This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 678760 (ATLAS). This output reflects only the author’s view and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Twin stars: probe of phase transition from hadronic to quark matter
Creators: name: Deloudis, T.
name: Koliogiannis, P. S.
name: Moustakidis, Ch. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In agreement with the gravitational-wave events which are constantly increasing, new aspects of the internal structure of compact stars have come to light. A scenario in which a first order transition takes place inside these stars is of particular interest as it can lead, under conditions, to a third gravitationally stable branch (besides white dwarfs and neutron stars). This is known as the twin star scenario. The new branch yields stars with the same mass as normal compact stars but quite different radii. In the current work, we focus on hybrid stars undergone a hadron to quark phase transition near their core and how this new stable configuration arises. Emphasis is to be given especially in the aspects of the phase transition and its parameterization in two different ways, namely with Maxwell construction and with Gibbs construction. Qualitative findings of mass-radius relations of these stars will also be presented.
description: v1: 4 pages, 2 figures. v2: references have been added; to be published in the proceedings of 6th workshop of the Hellenic Institute of Nuclear Physics(HINP)
The On-Demand Work (Mis)classification Judgments in Italy. An Overview
Creators: name: Biasi, Marco
Publisher: name: Italian Labour Law e-Journal
Year: 2019
Subjects: Gig Economy; On-demand work; Worker Classification; Italian Judgments; Regulatory perspectives

description: After a brief recap of the Italian legal framework in matter of employment subordination, the A. analyzes the three Judgments of the Italian Courts concerning the classification of on-demand work. The A. underlines the complexity of the classification of the new forms of work through the traditional criteria of interpretations, but he also criticizes the initiative of the Italian Legislator, which, passing article 2 Decreto Legislativo No. 81/2015, traced a doubtful boundary between the direction of work (still the essence of employment subordination) and the organization of other’s work (a feature which should lead to the application of employment standards without losing the nature of independent contractor). Ultimately, the A. contends that the burden of finding an adequate response to the social needs of on-demand workers cannot be placed (entirely) upon the Courts, since it is a matter of policy (action) at large. Accordingly, he weights and eventually endorses the regulatory trajectory of conferring upon – certainly vulnerable, regardless of their classification as employees or independent contractors – on-demand workers a bundle of selected protections, through a “ad hoc” statute and/or via collective bargaining.
description: Italian Labour Law e-Journal, Vol 12, No 1 (2019)
The legal definition of the employment contract in section 611a of the Civil Code in Germany: An important step or does everything remain the same?
Creators: name: Waas, Bernd
Publisher: name: Italian Labour Law e-Journal
Year: 2019
Subjects: service contract; personal dependence; subordination; power to direct; typological method; freedom to structure work; direction power; integration; indicators; primacy of facts; digitalization

description: For a long time, there was no legal definition of “employee” or “contract of employment” in Germany. This did change in 2017 when the lawmaker introduced the new section 611a into the Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) which, however, is based on the existing judge-made law. This article first gives an overview of the definition of the courts (1.) and then presents the “new” legal regulation (2.). On this basis, the question will be discussed what has been achieved by the legislator (3.). The paper ends with a concluding remark (4.).
description: Italian Labour Law e-Journal, Vol 12, No 1 (2019)
Stimulating and protecting self-employment and entrepreneurship in Spain (2008-2018)
Creators: name: Gómez Muñoz, José Manuel
Publisher: name: Italian Labour Law e-Journal
Year: 2019
Subjects: Self-employment; unemployment; social protection; part time contracts; entrepreneurship

description: This article tries to show the transformations that have taken place in the regulatory framework of autonomous work in Spain during the decade of economic, social and financial crisis (2008-2018). We especially emphasize the fact that recessive economic cycles do not necessarily generate a redirection from unemployment to self-employment. In the same way, the change in the economic cycle encourages the hiring of salaried workers to increase and the number of self-employed workers to stabilize. The article also investigates the problem of the unsustainability of the social protection system for self-employed workers in Spain. This has been one of the most resounding failures of the regulatory regime that was born in 2007 and was reformed in 2017. Finally, we take a tour of the main actions of the legislator on the policy of incentives to the phenomenon of entrepreneurial entrepreneurship.
description: Italian Labour Law e-Journal, Vol 12, No 1 (2019)
Comparing reflexive constructions in the world's languages
Creators: name: Haspelmath, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This paper proposes a number of cross-linguistically applicable definitions of general terms that are useful for comparing reflexive constructions in the world's languages. The idea is that general theories of reflexive constructions must be based on broad cross-linguistic comparison, and that this must be based on clearly defined terms. At the same time, the paper offers a general overview of types of reflexive constructions and reflexivizers (reflexive pronouns and reflexive markers) in the world's languages.
Subordination at Risk (of “Autonomisation”): Evidences and Solutions from Three European Countries
Creators: name: Ales, Edoardo
Publisher: name: Italian Labour Law e-Journal
Year: 2019
Subjects: attenuated subordination; hetero-direction; personal dependence; autonomisation; typological method; integration; double alienity; coordination; economic dependence; hetero-organization; smart and digital work; self-employment; solo entrepreneurship

description: The essay, focusing on the Labour Law and Policy systems of Italy, Germany and Spain, as presented and analyzed respectively by Pallini, Biasi, Waas and Gomez Munoz in this Issue, highlights a trend of progressive “autonomisation” of work. Not only in terms of increasing relevance of self-employment but also as profound change in the very structure of the employment (subordinated) relationship. In alternative to hetero-direction as link between work and Labour Law, the A. suggests to use the (immaterial) integration of the “autonomized” worker into the foreign organization as function. Although facing a common challenge, the legislative and policy answers has not been univocal in those countries, ranging from the adoption of the notion of coordinated/hetero-organized work, in Italy, to an up-to-date definition of employee in Germany, to a purposeful redirection of employment towards self-employment and entrepreneurship in Spain. Despite the differences in the solutions adopted, also in the light of the increasing relevance of digital and smart work, legislators are indulging if not favoring “autonomisation” also in the view of transforming precarious employment into sound self-employment and entrepreneurship.
description: Italian Labour Law e-Journal, Vol 12, No 1 (2019)
Comparative Fault Location Estimation by Using Image Processing in Mixed Transmission Lines
Creators: name: Budak, Serkan
name: Akbal, Bahadir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The distance protection relays are used to determine the impedance based fault location according to the current and voltage magnitudes in the transmission lines. However, the fault location cannot be correctly detected in mixed transmission lines due to different characteristic impedance per unit length because the characteristic impedance of high voltage cable line is significantly different from overhead line. Thus, determinations of the fault section and location with the distance protection relays are difficult in the mixed transmission lines. In this study, 154 kV overhead transmission line and underground cable line are examined as the mixed transmission line for the distance protection relays. Phase to ground faults are created in the mixed transmission line. overhead line section and underground cable section are simulated by using PSCAD-EMTDC.The short circuit fault images are generated in the distance protection relay for the overhead transmission line and underground cable transmission line faults. The images include the R-X impedance diagram of the fault, and the R-X impedance diagram have been detected by applying image processing steps. Artificial neural network (ANN) and the regression methods are used for prediction of the fault location, and the results of image processing are used as the input parameters for the training process of ANN and the regression methods. The results of ANN and regression methods are compared to select the most suitable method at the end of this study for forecasting of the fault location in transmission lines.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2011.03238
Towards a new notion of subordination in Italian Labour Law?
Creators: name: Pallini, Massimo
Publisher: name: Italian Labour Law e-Journal
Year: 2019
Subjects: Employment law; subordination; hetero-direction; hetero-organization; coordinate collaboration

description: The essay investigates the systematic effects produced by art. 2, Legislative Decree n. 81/2015, providing for the application of subordinate employment law to a specific category of self-employee: that one “hetero-organized” by the client. The new legal notion of “hetero-organized” collaboration is largely similar to that of “coordinated” collaboration ex art. 409 of the Civil Procedure Code, but the former is distinguished by the latter because the spatial-time constraints the collaborator has to respect are unilaterally stated by the client according with its (rigid) organization and not co-determined by the self-employee. According with the Author this reform is producing in Italian Labor Law the effect to extend not only the subjective field of applicability of subordinate employment law, but even the same objective notion of subordination “by addiction”.
description: Italian Labour Law e-Journal, Vol 12, No 1 (2019)
Probing the formation of intermediate- to high-mass stars in protoclusters II. Comparison between millimeter interferometric observations of NGC 2264-C and SPH simulations of a collapsing clump
Creators: name: Peretto, N.
name: Hennebelle, P.
name: Andre, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The earliest phases of massive star formation in clusters are still poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis for high-mass star formation proposed in our earlier paper (Peretto et al. 2006). In order to confirm the physical validity of this hypothesis, we carried out IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer observations of NGC 2264-C and performed SPH numerical simulations of the collapse of a Jeans-unstable, prolate dense clump. Our Plateau de Bure observations reveal the presence of a new compact source (C-MM13) located only \~ 10000 AU away, but separated by ~ 1.1 km/s in (projected) velocity, from the most massive Class 0 object (C-MM3) lying at the very center of NGC 2264-C. Detailed comparison with our numerical SPH simulations supports the view that NGC 2264-C is an elongated cluster-forming clump in the process of collapsing and fragmenting along its long axis, leading to a strong dynamical interaction and possible protostar merger in the central region of the clump. The present study also sets several quantitative constraints on the initial conditions of large-scale collapse in NGC 2264-C. Our hydrodynamic simulations indicate that the observed velocity pattern characterizes an early phase of protocluster collapse which survives for an only short period of time (i.e., < 10^5 yr). To provide a good match to the observations the simulations require an initial ratio of turbulent to gravitational energy of only ~ 5 %, which strongly suggests that the NGC 2264-C clump is structured primarily by gravity rather than turbulence. The required "cold'' initial conditions may result from rapid compression by an external trigger.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Belief-Propagation Decoding of LDPC Codes with Variable Node-Centric Dynamic Schedules
Creators: name: Chang, Tofar C. -Y.
name: Wang, Pin-Han
name: Weng, Jian-Jia
name: Lee, I-Hsiang
name: Su, Yu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Belief propagation (BP) decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with various dynamic decoding schedules have been proposed to improve the efficiency of the conventional flooding schedule. As the ultimate goal of an ideal LDPC code decoder is to have correct bit decisions, a dynamic decoding schedule should be variable node (VN)-centric and be able to find the VNs with probable incorrect decisions and having a good chance to be corrected if chosen for update. We propose a novel and effective metric called conditional innovation (CI) which serves this design goal well. To make the most of dynamic scheduling which produces high-reliability bit decisions, we limit our search for the candidate VNs to those related to the latest updated nodes only. Based on the CI metric and the new search guideline separately or in combination, we develop several highly efficient decoding schedules. To reduce decoding latency, we introduce multi-edge updating versions which offer extra latency-performance tradeoffs. Numerical results show that both single-edge and multi-edge algorithms provide better decoding performance against most dynamic schedules and the CI-based algorithms are particularly impressive at the first few decoding iterations.
The Evolving Concept of “worker” in EU law
Creators: name: Menegatti, Emanuele
Publisher: name: Italian Labour Law e-Journal
Year: 2019
Subjects: European Union law; Court of Justice of the European Union; free movement of workers; equal pay; employment protection Directives; antitrust law; scope of application; dependent contractors; casual workers

description: The Court of Justice of the European Union has been shaping over the last thirty years the concept of “worker” for the purpose of determining the scope of application of employment rights provided by EU labour law. The concept, initially elaborated with a view to enhance the free movement of workers within the common market, has then been extended to other pieces of EU labour legislation and to the so-called labour exception to antitrust law. The outcome of the Court’s jurisprudence is the expansion of the employment protections granted by EU labour law beyond the employment contract, to the benefit of non-subordinate workers economically and/or operationally dependent from a client/principal.
description: Italian Labour Law e-Journal, Vol 12, No 1 (2019)
On passage through resonances in volume-preserving systems
Creators: name: Vainchtein, D. L.
name: Neishtadt, A. I.
name: Mezic, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonance processes are common phenomena in multiscale (slow-fast) systems. In the present paper we consider capture into resonance and scattering on resonance in 3-D volume-preserving slow-fast systems. We propose a general theory of those processes and apply it to a class of viscous Taylor-Couette flows between two counter-rotating cylinders. We describe the phenomena during a single passage through resonance and show that multiple passages lead to the chaotic advection and mixing. We calculate the width of the mixing domain and estimate a characteristic time of mixing. We show that the resulting mixing can be described using a diffusion equation with a diffusion coefficient depending on the averaged effect of the passages through resonances.
description: 23 pages and 9 Figures
Εκλεκτική Αναγωγή Αζινών Στις Αντίστοιχες Υδραζόνες Καταλυόμενη Από Νανοσωματίδια Αργύρου Σε Μεσοπορώδες SiO2 Παρουσία NaBH4
Creators: name: Χαριστούδη, Ευαγγελία Βασιλείου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2016
Subjects: Νανοσωματίδια αργύρου
Ετερογενής κατάλυση
Αζίνες
Εκλεκτική αναγωγή
Υδραζόνες
Πυραζόλια
Silver nanopaticles
Heterogeneous catalysis
Azines
Selective reduction
Hydrazones
Pyrazoles

description: Στην παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή εργασία αναπτύσσεται η εκλεκτική αναγωγή των 1,2-διϋποκατεστημένων αζινών καταλυόμενη από νανοσωματίδια αργύρου σε μεσοπορώδες SiO2 τύπου HMS με χρήση βοροϋδριδίου του νατρίου ως αναγωγικού αντιδραστηρίου. Οι υδραζόνες συντίθενται σε ποσοτικές αποδόσεις με χρήση του καταλύτη αργύρου 30% Ag/HMS (amines). Παράλληλα, στη συγκεκριμένη αντίδραση αναγωγής πραγματοποιούνται κινητικές μελέτες οι οποίες επιβεβαιώνουν την καλύτερη δραστικότητα του καταλύτη 30% Ag/HMS (amines). Τέλος, περιγράφονται οι αντιδράσεις 1,3-διπολικής κυκλοπροσθήκης των αζομεθινο-ιμινών που παρασκευάζονται in situ από τις αντίστοιχες υδραζόνες με διάφορα νιτροστυρένια με στόχο τη regio-εκλεκτική σύνθεση 1,3,5-τριϋποκατεστημένων πυραζολικών παραγώγων.
description: In this study, is developed the selective reduction of 1,2-disubstituted azines catalyzed by silver nanoparticles on mesoporous SiO2 using sodium borohydride as reducing agent. The hydrazones synthesized in quantitative yields using the 30% Ag/HMS silver catalyst (amines). Furthermore, in this reduction reaction is conducted kinetic studies which confirm the better activity of the catalyst 30% Ag/HMS (amines). Lastly, are described the reactions of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine-imines prepared in situ from the corresponding hydrazones with various nitrostyrene aiming the regio-selective synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazole derivatives.
Editoriale
Creators: name: Carinci, Franco
Publisher: name: Italian Labour Law e-Journal
Year: 2019

description: The editorial is the transcription of the opening speech given by Professor Franco Carinci, founder of the Italian Labour Law Journal, during the seminar dedicated to the presentation of new edition of the Journal, held on 20 March 2019, at the former Faculty of Political Science of the University of Bologna.
description: Italian Labour Law e-Journal, Vol 12, No 1 (2019)
Dispersion spreading of polarization-entangled states of light and two-photon interference
Creators: name: Brida, G.
name: Chekhova, M. V.
name: Genovese, M.
name: Krivitsky, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interference structure of the second-order intensity correlation function for polarization-entangled two-photon light obtained from type-II collinear frequency-degenerate spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). The structure is visualised due to the spreading of the two-photon amplitude as two-photon light propagates through optical fibre with group-velocity dispersion (GVD). Because of the spreading, polarization-entangled Bell states can be obtained without any birefringence compensation at the output of the nonlinear crystal; instead, proper time selection of the intensity correlation function is required. A birefringent material inserted at the output of the nonlinear crystal (either reducing the initial o-e delay between the oppositely polarized twin photons or increasing this delay) leads to a more complicated interference structure of the correlation function.
description: Extended version of our recent PRL paper. Submitted to PRA