cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Price-Bifaciality Relationship of Bifacial Modules in Vertical East-West Oriented PV Systems
Creators: name: Bodlak, L.
name: Hernandez, H.
name: Bierbaum, J.
name: Kang, J.
name: Nold, S.
name: Preu, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: PV Economics, Markets and Policies
PV Economics and Markets

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2134-2137
description: Bifacial vertical east west orientated PV systems (bifiVEW) are a new approach in PV system application and seem to have a promising future. This is a technology that can provide an increased energy yield compared to conventional PV systems, as well as a shift of peak production from one at noon to two peaks in the morning and in the afternoon. The latter can lead to a more balanced electricity yield throughout the day and therefore allows a better integration of solar energy into the grid. As with this vertical east west orientated mounting configuration, the solar irradiation hits both module sides with almost similar quantity. Thus, a high module bifaciality rate is crucial. Currently, above 80% bifaciality rates are only commercially available with high efficient n-Type Silicon Heterojunction (SHJ) and Passivated Emitter and Rear (n-PERT) technologies, having generally a significantly higher module price than e.g. bifacial PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell) technologies. The presented work analyzes modules’ price-bifaciality relationship, by investigating the bifaciality rate to the module watt peak price, with respect to the achieved LCOE (Levelized cost of electricity) in BifiVEW applications. The results show that for a BifiVEW PV system located in southern Germany, a difference in module bifaciality of 20%abs allows for a higher module price of up to 6.5 or 9.5 €ct/Wp for LCOE of 4 or 6 €ct(kWh, respectively. The relation between a higher percentage of bifaciality and an increased energy gain allows more efficient modules to be more expensive, the rate of this tradeoff is calculated and discussed in this report.
Methods for Quality Control of Monitoring Data from Commercial PV Systems
Creators: name: Øgaard, M.B.
name: Haug, H.
name: Selj, J.H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: PV Systems - Performance, Applications and Integration
Operation, Performance and Maintenance of PV Systems

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2083-2088
description: The aim of this work is to develop and test new methods for quality control of data from commercial monitoring systems for small and medium sized PV installations. Such installations often have limited or non-existent maintenance of their monitoring systems. Quality issues in e.g. irradiance and temperature measurements will cause errors in the analysis of the PV system performance and might lead to non-optimal maintenance of the system. To determine the condition of the sensors and the monitoring system based on the measured data itself is therefore essential to improve performance analysis algorithms and to understand historical data from these types of PV systems, and consequently this is of significant economical and practical value. In this work, we use data from both commercial and research systems in Norway to assess the robustness of the methods in a real-world scenario. We demonstrate that drift and deviations in the sensitivity of irradiance sensors, in addition to misalignment of the sensors, can be accurately quantified and detected based on comparison with clear sky irradiance modeling. Furthermore, we show that analysis of temperature data potentially can be used to detect snow cover of modules, in addition to identification of detached temperature sensors.
Photovoltaic Climate Classification for the Degradation Study
Creators: name: Mundle, P.
name: Shiradkar, N.
name: Vasi, J.
name: Patwardhan, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: PV Systems - Performance, Applications and Integration
Operation, Performance and Maintenance of PV Systems

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2089-2093
description: The degradation of photovoltaic modules is dependent on climate conditions in the end-use
environments. Conventionally, Köppen-Geiger (KG) climatic classification is used for such studies. But KG
classification does not consider the solar irradiance, the most important climate factor regarding the performance of PV
technology. This paper proposes a new classification scheme devised specifically by considering the idiosyncrasies of
photovoltaic to get a more refined correlation. For classification three parameters - module temperature, strain
accumulation caused due to thermal cycling and relative humidity are considered. The analysis is carried out using
meteorological data of locations all over the world and 18 classification zones are defined after the analysis of the data.
Pyrite (FeS2)-supported ultrafiltration system for removal of mercury (II) from water
Creators: name: Han, Dong Suk
name: Solayman, Kawsher M. D.
name: Shon, Ho Kyong
name: Abdel-Wahab, Ahmed
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: This study investigated the Hg(II) removal efficiencies of the reactive adsorbent membrane (RAM) hybrid filtration process, a removal process that produces stable final residuals. The reaction mechanism between Hg(II) and pyrite and the rejection of the solids over time were characterized with respect to flux decline, pH change, and Hg and Fe concentration in permeate water. Effects of the presence of anions (Cl−, SO42−, NO3−) or humic acid (HA) on the rejection of the Hg(II)-contacted pyrite were studied. The presence of both HA and Hg(II) increased the rate of flux decline due to the formation of irreversible gel-like compact cake layers as shown in the experimental data and modeling related to the flux decline and the SEM images. Stability experiments of the final residuals retained on the membrane using a thiosulfate solution (Na2S2O3) show that the Hg(II)-laden solids were very stable due to little or no detection of Hg(II) in the permeate water. Experiment on the possibility of continuously removing Hg(II) by reusing the Hg/pyrite-laden membrane shows that almost all Hg(II) was adsorbed onto the pyrite surface regardless of the presence of salts or HA, and the Hg(II)-contacted pyrite residuals were completely rejected by the DE/UF system. Therefore, a membrane filter containing pyrite-Hg(II) could provide another reactive cake layer capable of further removal of Hg(II) without post-chemical treatment for reuse.Other Information Published in: Emergent Materials
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42247-021-00282-7
In silico virtual screening of lead compounds for major antigenic sites in respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein
Creators: name: Mathew, Shilu
name: Taleb, Sara
name: Eid, Ali Hussein
name: Althani, Asmaa A.
name: Yassine, Hadi M.
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading ubiquitous respiratory pathogen in newborn infants, young children, and the elderly, with no vaccine available to date. The viral fusion glycoprotein (RSV F) plays an essential role in the infection process, and it is a primary target of neutralizing antibodies, making it an attractive site for vaccine development. With this in view, there is a persistent need to identify selective antiviral drugs against RSV, targeting the major antigenic sites on the F protein. We aimed to conduct a robust in silico high-throughput drug screening of one million compounds to explore potential inhibitors that bind the major antigenic site Ø and site II on RSV F protein, which are the main target of neutralizing antibodies (NAb). We utilized the three-dimensional crystallographic structure of both antigenic site Ø on pre-F and antigenic II on post-F to screen for potential anti-RSV inhibitors. A library of one million small compounds was docked to explore lead binders in the major antigenic sites by using virtual lab bench CLC Drug Discovery. We also performed Quantitative Structure-Activity and Relationship (QSAR) for the lead best binders known for their antiviral activity. Among one million tested ligands, seven ligands (PubChem ID: 3714418, 24787350, 49828911, 24802036, 79824892, 49726463, and 3139884) were identified as the best binders to neutralizing epitopes site Ø and four ligands (PubChem ID: 865999, 17505357, 24802036, and 24285058) to neutralizing epitopes site II, respectively. These binders exhibited significant interactions with neutralizing epitopes on RSV F, with an average of six H bonds, docking energy of − 15.43 Kcal·mol−1, and minimum interaction energy of − 7.45 Kcal·mol−1. Using in silico virtual screening, we identified potential RSV inhibitors that bind two major antigenic sites on the RSV F protein. Using structure-based design and combination-based drug therapy, identified molecules could be modified to generate the next generation anti-RSV drugs.Other Information Published in: Emergent Materials
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42247-021-00213-6
Compressed Online Dictionary Learning for Fast fMRI Decomposition
Creators: name: Mensch, Arthur
name: Varoquaux, Gaël
name: Thirion, Bertrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a method for fast resting-state fMRI spatial decomposi-tions of very large datasets, based on the reduction of the temporal dimension before applying dictionary learning on concatenated individual records from groups of subjects. Introducing a measure of correspondence between spatial decompositions of rest fMRI, we demonstrates that time-reduced dictionary learning produces result as reliable as non-reduced decompositions. We also show that this reduction significantly improves computational scalability.
Performance Analysis and Evaluation of Different Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Technologies in Bolivia, Chile and Germany
Creators: name: Clasing, L.
name: Raabe, M.
name: Blieske, U.
name: Gecke, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: PV Systems - Performance, Applications and Integration
Operation, Performance and Maintenance of PV Systems

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2098-2103
description: The main objective of this study is to compare and analyze different PV system performances in
Bolivia, Chile and Germany with different climate preconditions like solar irradiation and ambient temperature.
The analyzed PV systems in Chile allow a comparison of poly-crystallin silicon- (p-Si), mono-crystallin silicon-
(m-Si) and copper indium gallium selenide- (CIGS) solar cell technologies. Furthermore, there are four PVstrings
with different inverter configurations to compare the performance of high to low power inverters and
undersized to oversized inverters. The analysis of the evaluated PV systems includes monthly average daily final
yield, capacity factor, performance ratio and ratio of self-sufficiency. The highest performance ratio was
determined with a combination of oversized inverter and CIGS-cells with 89 % for the overall operation time.
Average overall PV system performance ratios in Bolivia, Chile and Germany for the analyzed time-periods in
2015 and 2017 in Bolivia, Chile and Germany were determined with 83 %, 87 % and 69 %, respectively. Overall,
the optimal operation conditions result a in energy balance solar coverage ratio of 1.16 in Bolivia and 0.53 in
Chile. The climate preconditions of the different countries are one of the key factors for the performance of a PV
system, as shown in the results of this paper.
Prioritization of Test Execution with Operational Profile Mechanism for Software Reliability of Solar Energy Monitoring System
Creators: name: Jang, W.S.
name: Park, B.K.
name: Kim, R.Y.C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: PV Systems - Performance, Applications and Integration
Operation, Performance and Maintenance of PV Systems

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2079-2082
description: Generally, our solar monitoring system consists of web monitoring server, data collection server, data
collection client, heterogeneous inverters, and junction boxes. In this system, each device uses different protocol and
interface with different data processing algorithms, which have some problems for communication between different
equipment. To prevent this problem, we should require to test it with many test cases. But we have a limited time to
release it, that is, difficult to execute all tests. To solve these problems, we propose prioritization of test execution with
Musa’s operational profile mechanism for software reliability of the solar energy monitoring system. This method
identifies elements of the system through incremental steps, which generates operational profile using identified
elements. Then we calculate execution probability of operation through quantitative measurement. As a result, we can
prioritize quantitative tests, which can perform intensive testing against critical and fatal things.
Impact of Environmental Factors on the Efficiency of a PV System: Case Study in Ouarzazate, Morocco
Creators: name: Ettalbi, K.
name: Naimi, Z.
name: Bouzekri, H.
name: Munoz Morales, I.
name: Ezquer Mayo, M.
name: Lagunas, A.R.
name: Maaroufi, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: PV Systems - Performance, Applications and Integration
Operation, Performance and Maintenance of PV Systems

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2094-2097
description: A 10kWp polycrystalline photovoltaic (PV) system was installed in Masen’s R&D platform in
Ouarzazate, Morocco, in order to validate the performance and reliability of crystalline PV modules under real outdoor
conditions, due to the fact that the performance under standard test conditions (STC) can be significantly different from
the one measured under outdoor conditions. This difference is mainly caused by various environmental factors
(temperature, irradiation, dust, wind) that affect the overall performance of the PV system. The present study focuses
on evaluating the effect of environmental factors, particularly solar irradiance, module’s temperature and wind speed
on the efficiency of the PV system. Recorded data for the past two years, during different seasons, were used in this
outdoor performance analysis.
Transport and trapping of dust particles in a potential well created by inductively coupled diffused plasma
Creators: name: Choudhary, Mangilal
name: Mukherjee, S.
name: Bandyopadhyay, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A versatile linear dusty (complex) plasma device is designed to study the transport and dynamical behavior of dust particles in a large volume. Diffused inductively coupled plasma is generated in the background of argon gas. A novel technique is used to introduce the dust particles in the main plasma by striking a secondary direct current (DC) glow discharge. These dust particles are found to get trapped in an electrostatic potential well which is formed due to the combination of the ambipolar electric field caused by diffusive plasma and the field produced by the charged glass wall of the vacuum chamber. According to the requirements, the volume of the dust cloud can be controlled very precisely by tuning the plasma and discharge parameters. The present device can be used to address the underlying physics behind the transport of dust particles, self excited dust acoustic waves and instabilities. The detailed design of this device, plasma production and characterization, trapping and transport of the dust particle and some of the preliminary experimental results are presented.
An updated review on boron removal from water through adsorption processes
Creators: name: Bhagyaraj, Sneha
name: Al-Ghouti, Mohammad A.
name: Kasak, Peter
name: Krupa, Igor
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: Boron is an essential micronutrient that has raised much interest, given the narrow balance between its necessity and toxicity. Both natural and anthropogenic emissions of boron into water sources can eventually deteriorate water quality and endanger the ecosystem. In this review, we first present a general outline of the importance of boron, boron chemistry in water, boron contamination, and its consequences followed by the recent progress in boron removal methods based on adsorption. The adsorbents for deboronation can generally be classified based on the functional groups present; chelating groups, metal oxides, and layered double hydroxides. To comprehensively address these adsorption methods, a detailed discussion on the reaction mechanism of each system is done followed by a summary of the progress in the field during the past 5 years. Finally, some characterization techniques used in deboronation studies and suggestions for future research and applications together with possible improvements to the existing systems are presented. Graphical abstractOther Information Published in: Emergent Materials
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42247-021-00197-3
Investigation on Response Characteristics of PV-PCS at Step-Change in Solar Irradiance
Creators: name: Konishi, H.
name: Hashimoto, J.
name: Otani, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: PV Systems - Performance, Applications and Integration
Operation, Performance and Maintenance of PV Systems

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2031-2036
description: The installation of solar power generation system was limited to places with good sunshine
conditions, but it tends to be built in various places and areas. Generated electric power is influenced by various
factors such as weather condition and installation environment, and it depends greatly on the performance of power
conditioning system (PV-PCS) cooperating with the grid. For evaluating the PV-PCS conversion efficiency,
measurement of static conversion efficiency and MPPT efficiency under certain conditions is specified by IEC and
UL. However, against the factors such as the change of weather conditions and the installation environment, the
method of performance evaluation of the PV-PCS for changing in solar radiation is not clear. Comprehensive
evaluations of PV-PCS against both static and dynamic change in solar radiation are needed. For this reason, we
investigated the performance evaluation method of the PV-PCS by analysis which can comprehensively evaluate
solar power generation system easily.
Relativistic rotating Boltzmann gas using the tetrad formalism
Creators: name: Ambrus, Victor E.
name: Blaga, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an application of the tetrad formalism introduced by Cardall et al. [Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 023011] to the problem of a rigidly rotating relativistic gas in thermal equilibrium and discuss the possible applications of this formalism to relativistic lattice Boltzmann simulations. We present in detail the transformation to the comoving frame, the choice of tetrad, as well as the explicit calculation and analysis of the components of the equilibrium particle flow four-vector and of the equilibrium stress-energy tensor.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Annals of West University of Timisoara - Physics
Review of Guidelines for PV Systems Performance and Degradations Monitoring
Creators: name: Paudyal, B.R.
name: Imenes, A.G.
name: Saetre, T.O.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: PV Systems - Performance, Applications and Integration
Operation, Performance and Maintenance of PV Systems

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2037-2050
description: The recent growth in the PV system deployment and the higher scale of their production make it necessary to pay more attention towards the performance of those systems. System monitoring will provide the status of the systems showing possible degradations and any impending system failures. It also helps with maintaining system quality and ensuring optimal performance of the system for its lifetime. COST Action PEARL PV aims to formulate such monitoring guidelines for the PV systems applicable for all types of PV technologies, depending upon the end use and duration of the monitoring need. The objective of the present paper is to quantify and provide a review of the guidelines and standards for monitoring of PV systems performance and degradation in practice, and also some results of preliminary work done regarding important information needed to be included in the monitoring guideline.
Neural Signal Multiplexing via Compressed Sensing
Creators: name: Nagaraj, Nithin
name: Sahasranand, K. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Transport of neural signals in the brain is challenging, owing to neural interference and neural noise. There is experimental evidence of multiplexing of sensory information across population of neurons, particularly in the vertebrate visual and olfactory systems. Recently, it has been discovered that in lateral intraparietal cortex of the brain, decision signals are multiplexed with decision-irrelevant visual signals. Furthermore, it is well known that several cortical neurons exhibit chaotic spiking patterns. Multiplexing of chaotic neural signals and their successful demultiplexing in the neurons amidst interference and noise, is difficult to explain. In this work, a novel compressed sensing model for efficient multiplexing of chaotic neural signals constructed using the Hindmarsh-Rose spiking model is proposed. The signals are multiplexed from a pre-synaptic neuron to its neighbouring post-synaptic neuron, in the presence of $10^4$ interfering noisy neural signals and demultiplexed using compressed sensing techniques.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Observations in PV Module Operation Voltage Distribution Along a PV Array. An In-Deep Look on Mismatch Losses
Creators: name: Rossa, C.H.
name: Lorenzo, E.
name: Martinez-Moreno, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: PV Systems - Performance, Applications and Integration
Operation, Performance and Maintenance of PV Systems

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2051-2055
description: Considering that the current through all the PV modules of a same string is constant, any differences in the electrical behaviour of the modules give raise to differences in the corresponding operation voltages. That opens the door for careful observations of the PV array functioning carried out under normal operation conditions, that is, with the inverter delivering energy and, thus, without the need for disconnection as required for more standard PV array analysis methods: measuring I-V curves, open-circuit voltages and so on. This in-routine operation observation procedure is relatively easy implemented in practice, by means of “T” shaped quick connectors to connect PV modules to each other, which are widely commercially available. In fact, this has been successfully applied to in-the-field PID detection on commercial PV plants, by monitoring the voltage differences between the modules at the extreme poles of the string. This time, we have applied such observation procedure to all the 21 PV modules comprising a 5 kW PV array connected to the grid at the IES-UPM terrace. Moreover, we have also glued a PT1000 in the back of each module. Together with a PV reference module for measuring in-plane irradiance, this set-up allows for continuous and simultaneous monitoring of, both, the operation conditions (irradiance and temperature) and the electrical response (current and voltage) of all the PV modules.
A review of passivity breakdown on metal surfaces: influence of chloride- and sulfide-ion concentrations, temperature, and pH
Creators: name: Parangusan, Hemalatha
name: Bhadra, Jolly
name: Al-Thani, Noora
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: Metals, including austenitic steels and alloys, have been extensively applied in industrial and engineering applications. Passive films on metal surfaces are very important for corrosion protection. However, localized attack, such as passive film breakdown and the initiation of pits, is found upon exposure of such metals to aggressive ion-containing environments, leading to material failure and prominent adverse economic and safety concerns. For several decades, the mechanism of passivity breakdown and pit nucleation during pitting corrosion has been widely studied. The present article provides a detailed review of passive film breakdown on metal surfaces and the effects of complicated conditions, such as chloride- and sulfide-ion concentrations, temperature, and solution pH, on passivity breakdown. The possible mechanism for passivity breakdown is reviewed and discussed. The composition, structure, and electronic properties of passive layers are of conclusive importance to understand the leading corrosion mechanism, and they have been investigated with different techniques. Furthermore, we aim to present the structure, chemical composition, and electronic properties of passive films on metal surfaces by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Additionally, the surface morphology of passive films is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Finally, the effect of chloride- and sulfide-ion concentrations, pH, and temperature on passivity breakdown is discussed in detail.Other Information Published in: Emergent Materials
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42247-021-00194-6
Estimation of the PV Output Power in the Various Setting Directions and Angles from the IV Characteristics of the Inclined PV Module
Creators: name: Saito, K.
name: Sato, M.
name: Kondo, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: PV Systems - Performance, Applications and Integration
Operation, Performance and Maintenance of PV Systems

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2056-2059
description: We tried to estimate the global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and the panel temperature (Tpanel) from the inclined modules. The GHI was converted from the global solar irradiance on the inclined mini-module (GSImimi-module) which was calculated by its short circuit current, however, this GSImimi-module should be underestimated unlike the case using a pyranometer due to the reflection of direct beam radiation (DBR) on its surface. Therefore, the correction of DBR component by taking into account the incident angle dependence of its reflection on the mini-module’s surface was applied in the conversion of GSImimi-module to the GHI. The power generation output of another photovoltaic power system, which locates about 20km away from the location of mini-module and has the different setting direction from the mini-module one, was evaluated by this monitored GHI and monitored Tpanel, and it showed good agreement with the actual one on a clear day.
Ionisation and discharge in cloud-forming atmospheres of brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets
Creators: name: Helling, Ch.
name: Rimmer, P. B.
name: Rodriguez-Barrera, I. M.
name: Wood, Kenneth
name: Robertson, G. B.
name: Stark, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brown dwarfs and giant gas extrasolar planets have cold atmospheres with a rich chemical compositions from which mineral cloud particles form. Their properties, like particle sizes and material composition, vary with height, and the mineral cloud particles are charged due to triboelectric processes in such dynamic atmospheres. The dynamics of the atmospheric gas is driven by the irradiating host star and/or by the rotation of the objects that changes during its lifetime. Thermal gas ionisation in these ultra-cool but dense atmospheres allows electrostatic interactions and magnetic coupling of a substantial atmosphere volume. Combined with a strong magnetic field $\gg B_{\rm Earth}$, a chromosphere and aurorae might form as suggested by radio and X-ray observations of brown dwarfs. Non-equilibrium processes like cosmic ray ionisation and discharge processes in clouds will increase the local pool of free electrons in the gas. Cosmic rays and lighting discharges also alter the composition of the local atmospheric gas such that tracer molecules might be identified. Cosmic rays affect the atmosphere through air showers which was modelled with a 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code to be able to visualise their spacial extent. Given a certain degree of thermal ionisation of the atmospheric gas, we suggest that electron attachment to charge mineral cloud particles is too inefficient to cause an electrostatic disruption of the cloud particles. Cloud particles will therefore not be destroyed by Coulomb explosion for the local temperature in the collisional dominated brown dwarf and giant gas planet atmospheres. However, the cloud particles are destroyed electrostatically in regions with strong gas ionisation. The potential size of such cloud holes would, however, be too small and might occur too far inside the cloud to mimic the effect of, e.g., magnetic field induced star spots.
description: (9 pages, accepted for publication by Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, IoP)
Investigating the effect of materials and structures for negative pressure ventilators suitable for pandemic situation
Creators: name: Abughanam, Nada
name: Gaben, Shahd Sameer Mohammed
name: Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H.
name: Khandakar, Amith
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: The onset of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused shortages in mechanical ventilators (MVs) essential for the intensive care unit (ICU) in the hospitals. The increasing crisis prompted the investigation of ventilators which is low cost and offers lower health complications. Many researchers are revisiting the use of negative pressure ventilators (NPVs), due to the cost and complications of positive pressure ventilators (PPVs). This paper summarizes the evolution of the MVs, highlighting the limitations of popular positive and negative pressure ventilators and how NPV can be a cost-effective and lower health complication solution. This paper also provides a detailed investigation of the structure and material for the patient enclosure that can be used for a cost-effective NPV system using ANSYS simulations. The simulation results can confirm the selection and also help in developing a low cost while based on readily available materials. This can help the manufacturer to develop low-cost NPV and reduce the pressure on the healthcare system for any pandemic situation similar to COVID-19.Other Information Published in: Emergent Materials
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42247-021-00181-x
The $B\to K^*$ form factors on the lattice
Creators: name: Agadjanov, Andria
name: Bernard, Véronique
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
name: Rusetsky, Akaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extraction of the $B\to K^*$ transition form factors from lattice data is studied, applying non-relativistic effective field theory in a finite volume. The possible mixing of $πK$ and $ηK$ states is taken into account. The two-channel analogue of the Lellouch-Lüscher formula is reproduced. Due to the resonance nature of the $K^*$, an equation is derived, which allows to determine the form factors at the pole position in a process-independent manner. The infinitely-narrow width approximation of the results is discussed.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures
Influence of direct electric field on PMCG-alginate-based microcapsule
Creators: name: Kasak, Peter
name: Sasová, Jana
name: Shoheeduzzaman, Ruqaia
name: Baig, Mirza T.
name: Alyafei, Aldana Ali H. A.
name: Tkac, Jan
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: In this study, the influence of direct electric current on a microcapsule was investigated. The microcapsule consisted of a core from a calcium ion and sodium alginate (SA) complex and the microcapsule membrane was formed by the polyionic complexation of poly(methylene-co-guanidine) (PMCG) and cellulose sulfate (CS). Microcapsules showed swelling and decreasing mechanical properties under the applied electric current, and the microcapsule membrane showed anisotropic swelling on the electrode side. The effect is attributed to an electrokinetic phenomenon, predominant formation of hydroxyl ions, and the diffusion of hydrated ions. The swelling degree of the microcapsule and microcapsule membrane at different pH and the applied electric current under alkali and acidic conditions was investigated. The swelling degree was influenced by the dissociation of the membrane, which was observed after applying the electric field, which was caused by the electrokinetic effect and the neutralization of the polycation (under alkali conditions) or polyanionic (under acidic conditions) segment during membrane formation.Other Information Published in: Emergent Materials
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42247-021-00166-w
Surface treatment-controlled solvothermal synthesis of highly active reduced 1D titania with heterojunctioned carbon allotrope
Creators: name: Badreldin, Ahmed
name: Zakaria, Yahya
name: Mansour, Said
name: Abdel-Wahab, Ahmed
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: One-dimensional (1D) nanowire black titania heterojunctioned with multi-wall carbon nanotube (bTiO2 NW/MWCNT) structures were successfully synthesized via a facile single-step hydrothermal procedure, coupled with succeeding surface treatments and a solid-state physiochemical mode of reduction. Paramagnetic SiO2-coated Fe3O4 microspheres were fabricated and used as cores for the seeding and growth of the bTiO2 NW/MWCNT photocatalyst. The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results of materials characterization confirmed formation of 1D bTiO2 NW structure with chemically bound MWCNT atop the reduced Ti3+ propagated lattice of the predominantly (101) exposed facets of anatase TiO2. Controlling the surface treatment process and NW growth time to maintain the anatase phase and stability of surface morphology upon reduction allowed for superior visible light-driven photoactivity. The visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of 10 mg/L methylene orange was recorded at 97.4% in 20 min of 0.7 Sun intensity. The apparent reaction rate constant (k) of the as-prepared photocatalyst (0.1439 min−1) is ~ 18 times higher than that of pristine TiO2. Utilization of paramagnetic cores for in situ photocatalyst collection upon water treatment is highly recommended for newly developed materials. Further, performing surface treatment procedures of prepared titania-based photocatalysts has been proven to have a notable advantageous effect on photoactivity and is thus suggested for similar materials.Other Information Published in: Emergent Materials
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42247-021-00162-0
Yield of Small Roof-Top PV Systems in Germany 2017
Creators: name: Te Heesen, H.
name: Herbort, V.
name: Rumpler, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: PV Systems - Performance, Applications and Integration
Operation, Performance and Maintenance of PV Systems

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2066-2068
description: We provide an analysis of public yield data of more than 23,000 photovoltaic systems with a capacity
up to 30 kWp in Germany for 2017. We have used daily yield data including the configuration of the PV systems. We
have aggregated the yield data to monthly values. The data have been cleansed by a two-step algorithm to consider
only PV systems without any malfunction in this time period. The evaluation of the yield represents the energy production
of small PV systems in Germany. 2017 was a below average year for photovoltaic systems in Germany. The
yield in 2017 was about three percent smaller compared to the reference period from 2012 to 2016. The specific yield
in June was larger than in previous years, the other months show a specific yield which is just in the final third of longterm
monthly yield values. The highest specific yield of more than 1,100 kWh/kWp was observed in the southwestern
part of Germany. In contrast, the yield in Lower Saxony is the smallest one with just 900 to 950 kWh/kWp. The regional
spread of the energy yield is large compared to the previous years. The analysis in this study is based on statistical
methods and algorithms. Therefore, the results are objectively verifiable and have no subjective influence. The significance
analysis shows that the statistical results will reflect the real income of the solar systems very well if a sufficiently
large number of PV systems is evaluated.
Performance of Si-Heterojunction Modules with Different Cell Interconnection and Module Technologies
Creators: name: Titov, A.
name: Emtsev, K.
name: Andronikov, D.
name: Abramov, A.
name: Bulygin, B.
name: Dubrovskiy, A.
name: Terukov, E.
name: Orekhov, D.
name: Shakhray, I.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: PV Systems - Performance, Applications and Integration
Operation, Performance and Maintenance of PV Systems

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2075-2078
description: The results of outdoor performance monitoring of different Si-heterojunction (HJT) modules is presented. We estimate energy gain of production HJT modules over commercial mc-Si module. Also, bifacial gain of HJT modules over monofacial HJT modules for extended period of monitoring for almost 2 years is presented with clear influence of seasonal and irradiance effects. In the research performance of HJT modules with different cell interconnections (smart wire, ECA busbar) and modules designs (mono- and bifacial) are compared. In addition, HJT modules were tested under extremely low temperatures in the lab and outdoor.
Oxygen-deficient perovskites for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media: a review
Creators: name: Badreldin, Ahmed
name: Abusrafa, Aya E.
name: Abdel-Wahab, Ahmed
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: Oxygen vacancies in complex metal oxides and specifically in perovskites are demonstrated to significantly enhance their electrocatalytic activities due to facilitating a degree of control in the material’s intrinsic properties. The reported enhancement in intrinsic OER activity of oxygen-deficient perovskites surfaces has inspired their fabrication via a myriad of schemes. Oxygen vacancies in perovskites are amongst the most favorable anionic or Schottky defects to be induced due to their low formation energies. This review discusses recent efforts for inducing oxygen vacancies in a multitude of perovskites, including facile and environmentally benign synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, and detailed insight into the intrinsic mechanistic modulation of perovskite electrocatalysts. Experimental, analytical, and computational techniques dedicated to the understanding of the improvement of OER activities upon oxygen vacancy induction are summarized in this work. The identification and utilization of intrinsic activity descriptors for the modulation of configurational structure, improvement in bulk charge transport, and favorable inflection of the electronic structure are also discussed. It is our foresight that the approaches, challenges, and prospects discussed herein will aid researchers in rationally designing highly active and stable perovskites that can outperform noble metal-based OER electrocatalysts.Other Information Published in: Emergent Materials
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42247-020-00123-z
A review of recent advances in water-gas shift catalysis for hydrogen production
Creators: name: Ebrahimi, Parisa
name: Kumar, Anand
name: Khraisheh, Majeda
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: The water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) is an intermediate reaction in hydrocarbon reforming processes, considered one of the most important reactions for hydrogen production. Here, water and carbon monoxide molecules react to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. From the thermodynamics aspect, pressure does not have an impact, whereas low-temperature conditions are suitable for high hydrogen selectivity because of the exothermic nature of the WGSR reaction. The performance of this reaction can be greatly enhanced in the presence of suitable catalysts. The WGSR has been widely studied due do the industrial significance resulting in a good volume of open literature on reactor design and catalyst development. A number of review articles are also available on the fundamental aspects of the reaction, including thermodynamic analysis, reaction condition optimization, catalyst design, and deactivation studies. Over the past few decades, there has been an exceptional development of the catalyst characterization techniques such as near-ambient x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NA-XPS) and in situ transmission electron microscopy (in situ TEM), providing atomic level information in presence of gases at elevated temperatures. These tools have been crucial in providing nanoscale structural details and the dynamic changes during reaction conditions, which were not available before. The present review is an attempt to gather the recent progress, particularly in the past decade, on the catalysts for low-temperature WGSR and their structural properties, leading to new insights that can be used in the future for effective catalyst design. For the ease of reading, the article is divided into subsections based on metals (noble and transition metal), oxide supports, and carbon-based supports. It also aims at providing a brief overview of the reaction conditions by including a table of catalysts with synthesis methods, reaction conditions, and key observations for a quick reference. Based on our study of literature on noble metal catalysts, atomic Pt substituted Mn3O4 shows almost full CO conversion at 260 °C itself with zero methane formation. In the case of transition metals group, the inclusion of Cu in catalytic system seems to influence the CO conversion significantly, and in some cases, with CO conversion improvement by 65% at 280 °C. Moreover, mesoporous ceria as a catalyst support shows great potential with reports of full CO conversion at a low temperature of 175 °C.Other Information Published in: Emergent Materials
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42247-020-00116-y
Surveying Graduate Students' Attitudes and Approaches to Problem Solving
Creators: name: Mason, Andrew
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Students' attitudes and approaches to problem solving in physics can profoundly influence their motivation to learn and development of expertise. We developed and validated an Attitudes and Approaches to Problem Solving survey by expanding the Attitudes towards Problem Solving survey of Marx and Cummings and administered it to physics graduate students. Comparison of their responses to the survey questions about problem solving in their own graduate level courses vs. problem solving in the introductory physics courses provides insight into their expertise in introductory and graduate level physics. The physics graduate students' responses to the survey questions were also compared with those of introductory physics and astronomy students and physics faculty. We find that, even for problem solving in introductory physics, graduate students' responses to some survey questions are less expert-like than those of the physics faculty. Comparison of survey responses of graduate students and introductory students for problem solving in introductory physics suggests that graduate students' responses are in general more expert-like than those of introductory students. However, survey responses suggest that graduate-level problem solving by graduate students on several measures has remarkably similar trends to introductory-level problem solving by introductory students.
description: 16 pages, PACS: 01.40Fk,01.40.gb,01.40G-,1.30.Rr, Keywords: Physics Education Research, Pedagogy, Teaching, Learning, Graduate students, education, attitude, approach, problem solving