非保守力对当前量子理论的破坏性影响 (The Challenging Impact of Non-Conservative Forces on Current Quantum Theory )
Creators: name: Zexin(曹泽新), CAO
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 510802
subject: Foundations of quantum mechanics
classificationCode: 510601
subject: Nuclear physics
classificationCode: 510702
subject: Field theory and string theory
classificationCode: 510303
subject: Electrostatics and electrodynamics

description: 高能物理和核物理近百年理论发展的前提，是核子之间的电磁相互作用能太弱，不足以提供核结合能，因此一直寻找电磁相互作用之外的核力解释，然而这一前提现在出现了问题。我们的理论分析和实验表明，磁矩间的实际相互作用能要显著地大于当前磁矩相互作用公式所给的能量。原因在于以前的磁矩相互作用能公式，错误地把单个磁矩单独存在时的磁感应强度，当作相互作用时的磁感应强度，所以低估了磁矩相互作用。而我们发现磁矩相互作用时存在强耦合现象，其磁感应强度远大于磁矩单独存在时的磁感应强度。给出核子间的相互作用能，最高可达 125MeV，远远超过实际 8MeV 左右的核结合能，可以为原子核提供充足的结合能。磁矩相互作用还可以解释核力的饱和性等相关特性。进一步分析表明，核子间的斥力也是一种电磁相互作用，就是楞次阻抗。中子和质子相互接近时，质子的磁感线进入中子内部时，激发中子皮上的负电荷形成感生电流，从而形成楞次阻抗，一种非保守力。而这一结论也能很好地解释核斥力的诸多特性，例如总是在核子引力之后出现，短距性等。核内非保守力的存在也解释了氘核等原子核，为什么不存在分立核光谱。核斥力的这一阻抗特性，表明它在某些时候，还可以表现为一种引力，使得核反应截面呈现一种动量依赖性等。通过构造带楞次阻抗的非保守力量子系统，我们认为传统势场中的驻波状态可以被非保守力破坏，因为电子的运动，都会感应出楞次阻抗而归于静止。测不准关系，一直被认为是量子系统的基本特性，也许只是保守系统的一种属性。而核子间引力的磁矩强耦合作用解释，以及核斥力的楞次阻抗解释，也给量子规范场提出了问题。一是量子规范场如何看待核力的这种解释，二是核力中的介子理论和夸克剩余相互作用解释，在电磁相互作用可以解释核力以后，如何自辩。同时，非保守力特别是楞次阻抗的出现，也给量子理论带来更多值得探索的空间。In English:The premise of the theoretical development in high-energy physics and nuclear physics over the past century has been that the electromagnetic interaction energy between nucleons is too weak to account for nuclear binding energy, thus prompting the search for explanations of nuclear forces beyond electromagnetic interactions. However, this premise is now being challenged. Our theoretical analysis and experiments indicate that the actual interaction energy of magnetic moments is significantly greater than that predicted by the current magnetic moment interaction formula. The reason lies in the previous formula's erroneous assumption that the magnetic induction intensity of a single magnetic moment in isolation is the same as that during interaction, thereby underestimating the magnetic moment interaction. We have discovered a strong coupling phenomenon during magnetic moment interactions, where the magnetic induction intensity is significantly greater than that of an isolated magnetic moment. The interaction energy between nucleons can reach up to 125 MeV, far exceeding the actual nuclear binding energy of about 8 MeV, providing ample binding energy for atomic nuclei. The magnetic moment interaction can also explain related characteristics such as the saturation of nuclear forces.Further analysis reveals that the repulsive force between nucleons is also an electromagnetic interaction, specifically Lenz's impedance. When a neutron and a proton approach each other, the proton's magnetic induction lines enter the neutron, inducing a current on the neutron's surface due to the negative charges, thus creating Lenz's impedance, a non-conservative force. This conclusion well explains many characteristics of nuclear repulsion, such as its appearance only after nuclear attraction and its short-range nature. The presence of non-conservative forces within the nucleus also explains why nuclei like the deuteron do not exhibit discrete nuclear spectra. The impedance characteristic of nuclear repulsion indicates that it can sometimes manifest as an attractive force, leading to a momentum dependence in nuclear reaction cross-sections.By constructing a non-conservative force system with Lenz's impedance, we propose that the standing wave states in traditional potential fields can be disrupted by non-conservative forces, as the motion of electrons induces Lenz's impedance, bringing them to rest. The uncertainty principle, long considered a fundamental characteristic of quantum systems, might merely be an attribute of conservative systems.The explanation of nuclear attraction through the strong coupling of magnetic moments and nuclear repulsion through Lenz's impedance also raises questions for quantum gauge field theory. Firstly, how does quantum gauge field theory view this explanation of nuclear forces? Secondly, how do meson theory and the residual interaction explanation of quarks justify themselves if electromagnetic interactions can explain nuclear forces? Additionally, the presence of non-conservative forces within the nucleus opens up more areas for exploration in quantum theory.<br>