cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraints on heavy decaying dark matter from 570 days of LHAASO observations
Creators: name: LHAASO Collaboration
name: Ando, S.
name: Chianese, M.
name: Fiorillo, D. F. G.
name: Miele, G.
name: Ng, K. C. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kilometer Square Array~(KM2A) of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) aims at surveying the northern gamma-ray sky at energies above 10 TeV with unprecedented sensitivity. Gamma-ray observations have long been one of the most powerful tools for dark matter searches, as e.g., high-energy gamma-rays could be produced by the decays of heavy dark matter particles. In this letter, we present the first dark matter analysis with LHAASO-KM2A, using the first 340~days of data from 1/2-KM2A and 230~days of data from 3/4-KM2A. Several regions of interest are used to search for a signal and account for the residual cosmic-ray background after gamma/hadron separation. We find no excess of dark matter signals, and thus place some of the strongest gamma-ray constraints on the lifetime of heavy dark matter particles with mass between 10^5 and 10^9~GeV. Our results with LHAASO are robust, and have important implications for dark matter interpretations of the diffuse astrophysical high-energy neutrino emission.
On the four-loop strong coupling beta-function in the SM
Creators: name: Bednyakov, A. V.
name: Pikelner, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the talk the leading four-loop contribution to the beta-function of the strong coupling in the SM is discussed. Some details of calculation techniques are provided. Special attention is paid to the ambiguity due to utilized $γ_5$ treatment and a particular prescription with anticommuting $γ_5$ is advocated. As a by-product of our computation the four-loop beta-function in QCD with "gluino" is also obtained.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Proceedings of 19th International Seminar on High Energy Physics "QUARKS-2016", Pushkin, Russia, May-June, 2016
Understanding movement behaviour time-use in youth from different socioeconomic backgrounds
Creators: name: Wilhite, Katrina
Publisher: name: Australian Catholic University
Year: 2023
Subjects: physical activity
sedentary behaviour
sleep
children
adolescents
socioeconomic position

description: Understanding the associations of movement behaviour time-use (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep) and youth’s physical health, psychological health, and education-related outcomes has become increasingly popular in public health research. However, little is known about the differences in movement behaviour time-use across youth from different socioeconomic positions and how these differences may affect specific outcomes. This thesis furthers our knowledge of movement behaviour time-use and socioeconomic position through three studies. In the first study, a systematic review, I found that the combination of “high” levels of physical activity and sleep with “low” sedentary behaviour provided children and adolescents are generally associated with the best outcomes. In the second study I aimed to identify general and domain-specific movement trajectory profiles and whether socioeconomic position could predict profile membership. For general movement behaviours, males from different socioeconomic positions did not differ in their movement trajectory profiles, but females from lower socioeconomic position were a combination of being less physically active and more sedentary than their higher socioeconomic peers. For domain-specific movement behaviours those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, regardless of sex, tended to spend a combination of more time in recreational screen activities and less time in education-related sedentary behaviour than their higher socioeconomic peers. In the final study I aimed to test if combinations of domain-specific movement behaviours mediated the relationship between socioeconomic position and socio- emotional outcomes in youth. Recreational screen activities had a mediating effect but combinations of domain-specific movement behaviours did not. These findings will help us better cater programs and guidelines to children from different socioeconomic backgrounds.
Theoretical description of pump/probe experiments in electron mediated charge-density-wave insulators
Creators: name: Freericks, J. K.
name: Matveev, O.
name: Shen, Wen
name: Shvaika, A. M.
name: Devereaux, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this review, we develop the formalism employed to describe charge-density-wave insulators in pump/probe experiments using ultra short driving pulses of light. The theory emphasizes exact results in the simplest model for a charge-density wave insulator (given by a noninteracting systems with two bands and a gap) and by employing nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory to solve the Falicov-Kimball model in its ordered phase. We show both how to develop the formalism and how the solutions behave. Care is taken to describe the details behind these calculations and to show how to verify their accuracy via sum-rule constraints.
description: 27 pages, 15 figures, review article
Evaluation of Parameterized Quantum Circuits with Cross-Resonance Pulse-Driven Entanglers
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Mohannad
name: Mohammadbagherpoor, Hamed
name: Rios, Cynthia
name: Bronn, Nicholas T.
name: Byrd, Gregory T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a powerful class of algorithms that is highly suitable for noisy quantum devices. Therefore, investigating their design has become key in quantum computing research. Previous works have shown that choosing an effective parameterized quantum circuit (PQC) or ansatz for VQAs is crucial to their overall performance, especially on near-term devices. In this paper, we utilize pulse-level access to quantum machines and our understanding of their two-qubit interactions to optimize the design of two-qubit entanglers in a manner suitable for VQAs. Our analysis results show that pulse-optimized ansatze reduce state preparation times by more than half, maintain expressibility relative to standard PQCs, and are more trainable through local cost function analysis. Our algorithm performance results show that in three cases, our PQC configuration outperforms the base implementation. Our algorithm performance results, executed on IBM Quantum hardware, demonstrate that our pulse-optimized PQC configurations are more capable of solving MaxCut and Chemistry problems compared to a standard configuration.
MPEC 2023-R225 : 2013 SO19
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Interlace properties for the real and imaginary parts of the wave functions of complex-valued potentials with real spectrum
Creators: name: Jaimes-Najera, Alfonso
name: Rosas-Ortiz, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some general properties of the wave functions of complex-valued potentials with real spectrum are studied. The main results are presented in a series of lemmas, corollaries and theorems that are satisfied by the zeros of the real and imaginary parts of the wave functions on the real line. In particular, it is shown that such zeros interlace so that the corresponding probability densities $ρ(x)$ are never null. We find that the profile of the imaginary part $V_I(x)$ of a given complex-valued potential determines the number and distribution of the maxima and minima of the related probability densities. Our conjecture is that $V_I(x)$ must be continuous in $\mathbb R$, and that its integral over all the real line must be equal to zero in order to get control on the distribution of the maxima and minima of $ρ(x)$. The applicability of these results is shown by solving the eigenvalue equation of different complex potentials, these last being either ${\cal PT}$-symmetric or not invariant under the ${\cal PT}$-transformation.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures
PBW bases and marginally large tableaux in type D
Creators: name: Salisbury, Ben
name: Schultze, Adam
name: Tingley, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give an explicit description of the unique crystal isomorphism between two realizations of $B(\infty)$ in type $D$: that using marginally large tableaux and that using PBW monomials with respect to one particularly nice reduced expression of the longest word.
description: 11 pages
Tunneling Dynamics Between Atomic Bright Solitons
Creators: name: Zhao, Li-Chen
name: Ling, Liming
name: Yang, Zhan-Ying
name: Yang, Wen-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate tunneling behavior between two bright solitons in a Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive contact interactions between atoms. The explicit tunneling properties including tunneling particles and oscillation period are described analytically, which indicates that the periodic tunneling form is a nonlinear Josephson type oscillation. The results suggest that the breathing behavior of solitons comes from the tunneling mechanism in an effective double-well potential, which is quite different from the modulational instability mechanism for Akhmediev breather and K-M breather. Furthermore, we obtain a phase diagram for two soliton interaction which admits tunneling property, particle-like property, interference property, and a resonant interaction case. The explicit conditions for them are clarified based on the defined critical distance $d_c$ and spatial interference period $D$.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
MPEC 2023-R226 : 2019 MG2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The neutron star population in M28: a joint Chandra/GBT look at pulsar paradise
Creators: name: Vurgun, Eda
name: Linares, Manuel
name: Ransom, Scott
name: Papitto, Alessandro
name: Bogdanov, Slavko
name: Bozzo, Enrico
name: Rea, Nanda
name: Garcia-Senz, Domingo
name: Freire, Paulo
name: Stairs, Ingrid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a deep study of the neutron star (NS) population in the globular cluster M28 (NGC 6626), using the full 330-ks 2002-2015 ACIS dataset from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and coordinated radio observations taken with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) in 2015. We investigate the X-ray luminosity (Lx), spectrum, and orbital modulation of the 7 known compact binary millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in the cluster. We report two simultaneous detections of the redback PSR J1824-2452I (M28I) and its X-ray counterpart. We discover a double-peaked X-ray orbital flux modulation in M28I during its pulsar state, centered around pulsar inferior conjunction. We analyze the spectrum of the quiescent neutron star low-mass X-ray binary to constrain its mass and radius. Using both hydrogen and helium NS atmosphere models, we find a NS radius of R = 9.5-11.5 km and R = 13.5 - 16.7 km, respectively, for a neutron star mass of 1.4 Msun. We also search for long-term variability in the 46 brightest X-ray sources and report the discovery of six new variable low luminosity X-ray sources in M28.
description: 26 pages, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Appendix Figures from Plasticity and seasonality of the vertical migration behaviour of Antarctic krill using acoustic data from fishing vessels
Creators: name: Bahlburg, Dominik
name: Hüppe, Lukas
name: Böhrer, Thomas
name: Thorpe, Sally E.
name: Murphy, Eugene J.
name: Berger, Uta
name: Meyer, Bettina
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Animal Behaviour

description: Understanding the vertical migration behaviour of Antarctic krill is important for understanding spatial distribution, ecophysiology, trophic interactions and carbon fluxes of this Southern Ocean key species. In this study, we analysed an eight-month continuous dataset recorded with an ES80-echosounder on board a commercial krill fishing vessel in the southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Our analysis supports the existing hypothesis that krill swarms migrate into deeper waters during winter but also reveals a high degree of variability in vertical migration behaviour within seasons, even at small spatial scales. During summer, we found that behaviour associated with prolonged surface presence primarily occurred at low surface chlorophyll a concentrations whereas multiple ascent-descent-cycles per day occurred when surface chlorophyll a concentrations, were elevated. The high plasticity, with some krill swarms behaving differently in the same location at the same time, suggests that krill behaviour is not a purely environmentally driven process. Differences in life stage, physiology and predator type are likely other important drivers. Finally, our study demonstrates new ways of using data from commercial krill fishing vessels, and with the routine collection of additional information in potential future projects, they have great potential to significantly advance our understanding of krill ecology.
Gender analysis of the Editorial Board Members of the Journals Information Science and Library Science
Creators: name: Liu, Yiming
name: Alonso-Arroyo, Adolfo
name: Tendero-Cañadas, Eva
name: Sixto-Costoya, Andrea
name: Castelló-Cogollos, Lourdes
name: Valderrama-Zurián, Juan Carlos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The results of our study indicate that, to date, women are clearly at a disadvantage in editorial committees in the area of Information Science and Library Science, at least in the variables that have been analysed. According to the data obtained, women are not only less present in journals indexed in higher quartiles, but are also less present in general, since it is more common for the same male editor to be on several committees than for a woman. In addition, if the journal is also indexed in the SCIE, the presence of women is lower, which is in line with the lower presence of women in the area of STEM in general, a fact that has been highlighted on several occasions.
How long do particles spend in vortical regions in turbulent flows?
Creators: name: Bhatnagar, Akshay
name: Gupta, Anupam
name: Mitra, Dhrubaditya
name: Pandit, Rahul
name: Perlekar, Prasad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the time that a Lagrangian tracer or a heavy inertial particle spends in vortical or strain-dominated regions of a turbulent flow, by carrying out direct numerical simulation (DNS) of such particles advected by statistically steady, homogeneous and isotropic turbulence in the forced, three-dimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equation. We use the two invariants, $Q$ and $R$, of the velocity-gradient tensor to distinguish between vortical and strain-dominated regions of the flow and partition the $Q-R$ plane into four different regions depending on the topology of the flow; out of these four regions two correspond to vorticity-dominated regions of the flow and two correspond to strain-dominated ones. We obtain $Q$ and $R$ along the trajectories of tracers and heavy inertial particles and find out the time $\mathrm{t_{pers}}$ for which they remain in one of the four regions of the $Q-R$ plane. We find that the PDFs of $\mathrm{t_{pers}}$ display exponentially decaying tails for all four regions for tracers and heavy inertial particles. From these PDFs we extract characteristic times scales, which help us to quantify the time that such particles spend in vortical or strain-dominated regions of the flow.
Effects of competitive research training funding on the careers of medical doctors
Creators: name: Castagner, François
name: Chollet, Emmanuelle
name: Chomienne, Christine
name: de Launoit, Yvan
name: Eychène, Alain
name: Altabef, Muriel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Only few laureates of a M2 degree were continuing with research activities. Although several factors are influencing the decision to engage significantly in research, as analysed by Amgad and colleagues (2015), some laureates might have done a M2 degree in research to fulfil the requirements of such a degree to pretend to senior tenure positions in a hospital department in France. A return to clinical activities between a Master 2 degree and a PhD in research was often observed, deemed by former laureates as important for clinical expertise and insured senior tenure positions. Even if the hindsight did not allow us to have the complete career paths, we observed a clear tendency for doctorate laureates to engage more in career paths involving research. The career wishes as expressed by laureates were also presenting a clear shift after a PhD with more laureates reporting wishes to have research activities, albeit mostly together with clinical work. Interestingly, the fulfilment of those wishes was also increasing with the doctorate laureates having a career mostly in accordance to the expressed wishes. The medical students of the contrafactual group were less likely to be involved in research later in their careers even though all of them did a PhD thesis funded by other means. This could be explained either by an attractiveness of the programme that successfully recruited or selected medical students interested in research or by features of the programme that allowed the laureates to perform well in research. This study on medical students laureates of research trainings therefore indicates that engaging in a PhD thesis in research is more indicative of future research activities than a Master 2 degree. The scope of the programme has been reassessed upon this analysis to focus on PhD thesis grants.
Next-to-soft corrections to high energy scattering in QCD and gravity
Creators: name: Luna, A.
name: Melville, S.
name: Naculich, S. G.
name: White, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the Regge (high energy) limit of 4-point scattering in both QCD and gravity, using recently developed techniques to systematically compute all corrections up to next-to-leading power in the exchanged momentum i.e. beyond the eikonal approximation. We consider the situation of two scalar particles of arbitrary mass, thus generalising previous calculations in the literature. In QCD, our calculation describes power-suppressed corrections to the Reggeisation of the gluon. In gravity, we confirm a previous conjecture that next-to-soft corrections correspond to two independent deflection angles for the incoming particles. Our calculations in QCD and gravity are consistent with the well-known double copy relating amplitudes in the two theories.
description: 37 pages, 9 figures
Probabilistic counterparts of nonlinear parabolic PDE systems
Creators: name: Belopolskaya, Ya. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We extend the results of the FBSDE theory in order to construct a probabilistic representation of a viscosity solution to the Cauchy problem for a system of quasilinear parabolic equations. We derive a BSDE associated with a class of quailinear parabolic system and prove the existence and uniqueness of its solution. To be able to deal with systems including nondiagonal first order terms along with the underlying diffusion process we consider its multiplicative operator functional. We essentially exploit as well the fact that the system under consideration can be reduced to a scalar equation in a enlarged phase space. This allows to obtain some comparison theorems and to prove that a solution to FBSDE gives rise to a viscosity solution of the original Cauchy problem for a system of quasilinear parabolic equations.
Additional file 1 of Design and implementation of a web-based, respondent-driven sampling solution
Creators: name: McGowan, Catherine R.
name: Ekoriko, Promise
name: Alhaffar, Mervat
name: Cassidy-Seyoum, Sarah
name: Whitbread, Steven
name: Rogers, Phil
name: Bell, Lucy
name: Checchi, Francesco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 80699
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Improving VLT/SPHERE without additional hardware: Comparing quasi-static correction strategies
Creators: name: Potier, Axel
name: Wahhaj, Zahed
name: Galicher, Raphael
name: Mazoyer, Johan
name: Baudoz, Pierre
name: Chauvin, Gael
name: Ruane, Garreth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct imaging is the primary technique currently used to detect young and warm exoplanets and understand their formation scenarios. The extreme flux ratio between an exoplanet and its host star requires the use of coronagraphs to attenuate the starlight and create high contrast images. However, their performance is limited by wavefront aberrations that cause stellar photons to leak through the coronagraph and on to the science detector preventing the observation of fainter extrasolar companions. The VLT/SPHERE instrument takes advantage of its efficient adaptive optics system to minimize dynamical aberrations to improve the image contrast. In good seeing conditions, the performance is limited by quasi-static aberrations caused by slowly varying aberrations and manufacturing defects in the optical components. The mitigation of these aberrations requires additional wavefront sensing and control algorithms to enhance the contrast performance of SPHERE. Dark hole algorithms initially developed for space-based application and recently performed on SPHERE calibration unit have shown significant improvement in contrast. This work presents a status update of dark hole algorithms applied on SPHERE and the results obtained during the on-sky tests performed on February 15th 2022.
description: Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, Montreal (2022)
The Role of Angular Momentum Transport in Establishing the Accretion Rate--Protostellar Mass Correlation
Creators: name: DeSouza, Alexander L.
name: Basu, Shantanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the mass accretion rate $\dot{M}$ to stellar mass $M_*$ correlation that has been inferred from observations of intermediate to upper mass T Tauri stars---that is $\dot{M} \propto M_*^{1.3 \pm 0.3}$. We explain this correlation within the framework of quiescent disk evolution, in which accretion is driven largely by gravitational torques acting in the bulk of the mass and volume of the disk. Stresses within the disk arise from the action of gravitationally driven torques parameterized in our 1D model in terms of Toomre's $Q$ criterion. We do not model the hot inner sub-AU scale region of the disk that is likely stable according to this criterion, and appeal to other mechanisms to remove or redistribute angular momentum and allow accretion onto the star. Our model has the advantage of agreeing with large-scale angle-averaged values from more complex nonaxisymmetric calculations. The model disk transitions from an early phase (dominated by initial conditions inherited from the burst mode of accretion) into a later self-similar mode characterized by a steeper temporal decline in $\dot{M}$. The models effectively reproduce the spread in mass accretion rates that have been observed for protostellar objects of $0.2\,\mbox{M}_\odot \le M_* \le 3.0\,\mbox{M}_\odot$, such as those found in the $ρ$ Ophiuchus and Taurus star forming regions. We then compare realistically sampled populations of young stellar objects produced by our model to their observational counterparts. We find these populations to be statistically coincident, which we argue is evidence for the role of gravitational torques in the late time evolution of quiescent protostellar disks.
description: 23 pages (manuscript), 8 figures
Running cosmological constant with observational tests
Creators: name: Geng, Chao-Qiang
name: Lee, Chung-Chi
name: Zhang, Kaituo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the running cosmological constant model with dark energy linearly proportional to the Hubble parameter, $Λ= σH + Λ_0$, in which the $Λ$CDM limit is recovered by taking $σ=0$. We derive the linear perturbation equations of gravity under the Friedmann-Lemaïtre-Robertson-Walker cosmology, and show the power spectra of the CMB temperature and matter density distribution. By using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method, we fit the model to the current observational data and find that $σH_0/ Λ_0 \lesssim 2.63 \times 10^{-2}$ and $6.74 \times 10^{-2}$ for $Λ(t)$ coupled to matter and radiation-matter, respectively, along with constraints on other cosmological parameters.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, version accepted by PLB
String solutions in $AdS_3\times S^3\times S^3\times S^1$ with $B$-field
Creators: name: Bozhilov, Plamen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider strings living in $AdS_3\times S^3\times S^3\times S^1$ with nonzero $B$-field. By using specific ansatz for the string embedding, we obtain a class of solutions corresponding to strings moving in the whole ten dimensional space-time. For the $AdS_3$ subspace, these solutions are given in terms of incomplete elliptic integrals. For the two three-spheres, they are expressed in terms of Lauricella hypergeometric functions of many variables. The conserved charges, i.e. the string energy, spin and angular momenta, are also found.
description: 24 pages, no figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1404.7644; V2: references added
Franck-Condon Blockade in a Single-Molecule Transistor
Creators: name: Burzurí, E.
name: Yamamoto, Y.
name: Warnock, M.
name: Zhong, X.
name: Park, K.
name: Cornia, A.
name: van der Zant, H. S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate vibron-assisted electron transport in single-molecule transistors containing an individual Fe4 Single-Molecule Magnet. We observe a strong suppression of the tunneling current at low bias in combination with vibron-assisted excitations. The observed features are explained by a strong electron-vibron coupling in the framework of the Franck-Condon model supported by density-functional theory.
Cutting down energy usage in wireless sensor networks using Duty Cycle technique and multi-hop routing
Creators: name: Sedighimanesh, Ali
name: Sedighimanesh, Mohammad
name: Baqeri, Javad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.1
subject: 90B18

description: A wireless sensor network is composed of many sensor nodes that have been given out in a specific zone and each of them had an ability of collecting information from the environment and sending collected data to the sink. The most significant issues in wireless sensor networks despite the recent progress is the trouble of the severe limitations of energy resources. Since that in different applications of sensor nets we could throw a static or mobile sink then all aspects of such networks should be planned with an awareness of energy. One of the most significant topics related to these networks is routing. One of the most widely used and efficient methods of routing is a hierarchy (based on clustering) method. In The present study with the objective of cutting down energy consumption and persistence of network coverage we have offered a novel algorithm based on clustering algorithms and multi hop routing. To achieve this goal first we layer the network environment based on the size of the network. We will identify the optimal number of cluster heads and every cluster head based on the mechanism of topology control will start to accept members. Likewise we set the first layer as gate layer and subsequently identifying the gate nodes we would turn away half of the sensors and then stop using energy and the remaining nodes in this layer will join the gate nodes because they hold a critical part in bettering the functioning of the system. Cluster heads off following layers send the information to cluster heads in the above layer until sent data will be sent to gate nodes and finally will be sent to sink. We have tested the proposed algorithm in two situations 1) when the sink is off and 2) when a sink is on and simulation data shows that proposed algorithm has better performance in terms of the life span of a network than LEACH and E LEACH protocols.
description: 19 page, 7 Figures
Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Ray Production by Turbulence in Gamma-Ray Burst Jets and Cosmogenic Neutrinos
Creators: name: Asano, Katsuaki
name: Meszaros, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel model to produce ultrahigh-energy cosmic-rays (UHECRs) in gamma-ray burst jets. After the prompt gamma-ray emission, hydrodynamical turbulence is excited in the GRB jets at or before the afterglow phase. The mildly relativistic turbulence stochastically accelerates protons. The acceleration rate is much slower than the usual first-order shock acceleration rate, but in this case it can be energy-independent. The resultant UHECR spectrum is so hard that the bulk energy is concentrated in the highest energy range, resulting in a moderate requirement for the typical cosmic ray luminosity of $\sim 10^{53.5}~\mbox{erg}~\mbox{s}^{-1}$. In this model, the secondary gamma-ray and neutrino emissions initiated by photopion production are significantly suppressed. Although the UHECR spectrum at injection shows a curved feature, this does not conflict with the observed UHECR spectral shape. The cosmogenic neutrino spectrum in the $10^{17}$--$10^{18}$ eV range becomes distinctively hard in this model, which may be verified by future observations.
description: 9 pages, 5 figuers, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Directed Acyclic Graph Factorization Machines for CTR Prediction via Knowledge Distillation
Creators: name: Tian, Zhen
name: Bai, Ting
name: Zhang, Zibin
name: Xu, Zhiyuan
name: Lin, Kangyi
name: Wen, Ji-Rong
name: Zhao, Wayne Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the growth of high-dimensional sparse data in web-scale recommender systems, the computational cost to learn high-order feature interaction in CTR prediction task largely increases, which limits the use of high-order interaction models in real industrial applications. Some recent knowledge distillation based methods transfer knowledge from complex teacher models to shallow student models for accelerating the online model inference. However, they suffer from the degradation of model accuracy in knowledge distillation process. It is challenging to balance the efficiency and effectiveness of the shallow student models. To address this problem, we propose a Directed Acyclic Graph Factorization Machine (KD-DAGFM) to learn the high-order feature interactions from existing complex interaction models for CTR prediction via Knowledge Distillation. The proposed lightweight student model DAGFM can learn arbitrary explicit feature interactions from teacher networks, which achieves approximately lossless performance and is proved by a dynamic programming algorithm. Besides, an improved general model KD-DAGFM+ is shown to be effective in distilling both explicit and implicit feature interactions from any complex teacher model. Extensive experiments are conducted on four real-world datasets, including a large-scale industrial dataset from WeChat platform with billions of feature dimensions. KD-DAGFM achieves the best performance with less than 21.5% FLOPs of the state-of-the-art method on both online and offline experiments, showing the superiority of DAGFM to deal with the industrial scale data in CTR prediction task. Our implementation code is available at: https://github.com/RUCAIBox/DAGFM.
Superadiabatic quantum heat engine with a multiferroic working medium
Creators: name: Chotorlishvili, L.
name: Azimi, M.
name: Stagraczyński, S.
name: Toklikishvili, Z.
name: Schüler, M.
name: Berakdar, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum thermodynamic cycle with a chiral multiferroic working substance such as $\textrm{LiCu}_{2}\textrm{O}_{2}$ is presented. Shortcuts to adiabaticity are employed to achieve an efficient, finite time quantum thermodynamic cycle which is found to depend on the spin ordering. The emergent electric polarization associated with the chiral spin order, i.e. the magnetoelectric coupling, renders possible steering of the spin order by an external electric field and hence renders possible an electric-field control of the cycle. Due to the intrinsic coupling between of the spin and the electric polarization, the cycle performs an electro-magnetic work. We determine this work's mean square fluctuations, the irreversible work, and the output power of the cycle. We observe that the work mean square fluctuations are increased with the duration of the adiabatic strokes while the irreversible work and the output power of the cycle show a non-monotonic behavior. In particular the irreversible work vanishes at the end of the quantum adiabatic strokes. This fact confirms that the cycle is reversible. Our theoretical findings evidence the existence of a system inherent maximal output power. By implementing a Lindblad master equation we quantify the role of thermal relaxations on the cycle efficiency. We also discuss the role of entanglement encoded in the non-collinear spin order as a resource to affect the quantum thermodynamic cycle.
description: 13pages, 15 figures, submitted in Phys. Rev. E
Analyzing the System Build-Up, Macro-Level and Micro-Level Dynamics of Agricultural Biotechnology; the case of Bt cotton
Creators: name: Numi, Ann
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Contribute to the increased understanding of the innovation system building processes in agricultural biotechnology in the context of a developing country. The study will shed more light on the system building processes for the accelerated diffusion and adoption of agricultural biotechnology products. In addition to this, the study will contribute to TIS literature through the proposition of a system building framework for agricultural biotechnology in a developing country context. Provide increased understanding of the hindering factors/ barriers affecting the adoption and diffusion of the technology. The study will present and analyze challenges faced by actors (emerging niche actors) within the ABTIS. The study will provide insight on how agricultural biotechnology can contribute towards a more sustainable and diversified crop breeding techniques in Kenya. Generate empirical knowledge on how different external/ landscape factors influence the adoption and diffusion of GM crops in a developing country context. This will provide a better understanding on the TIS macro level analysis in a developing country context.
Telling emissions apart in a multiphoton resonance: visualizing a conditional evolution
Creators: name: Mavrogordatos, Th. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that the phase-space representation of the electromagnetic field inside a driven cavity strongly coupled to a two-level atom can be employed to distinguish photon emissions along a ladder of dressed states sustaining a two-photon resonance. The emissions are told apart by means of the different quantum beats generated by the conditional states they prepare. Sample quantum trajectories explicitly reveal the difference in the transient due to the initial condition, in a background set by the Jaynes-Cummings spectrum and revealed by the strong-coupling limit. Their ensemble-averaged evolution is tracked for a time period similar to that waited for the loss of a next photon as the maximum non-exclusive probability, indicated by the peak of the intensity correlation function.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 56 references, as published in the Journal of Optics
Additional file 1 of Fish intake and pre-frailty in Norwegian older adults - a prospective cohort study: the Tromsø Study 1994–2016
Creators: name: Konglevoll, Dina Moxness
name: Andersen, Lene Frost
name: Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter
name: Strand, Bjørn Heine
name: Thoresen, Magne
name: Totland, Torunn Holm
name: Hjartåker, Anette
name: Carlsen, Monica Hauger
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Original and modified categories of frequency of fish intake in the Tromsø Study. Table S2. Modifications of the frailtyphenotype in the Tromsø7 Study (2015–2016). Table S3. Characteristics of tracking sample in Tromsø4 and Tromsø6 (n=3229). Table S4. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for fish intake and 8-year follow-up pre-frailty after exclusion of baseline frailty (n = 3219)a. Table S5. Characteristics of participants in Tromsø6 by Tromsø7 participation status (n = 6837)a. Table S6. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for baseline fish intake and pre-frailty with inverse probability weightsa (n = 6183)b. Table S7. Characteristics of participants in Tromsø6 with complete and incomplete data on fish intake (n = 5750)a. Table S8. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for patterns of fish intake and pre-frailty using multiple imputation (MI)a (n = 5750)b. Table S9. Onset of physical frailty characteristics in Tromsø7 (n = 4350)a. Table S10. Frailty prevalence in Tromsø7 stratified by age (n = 4350)a.
Reconstruction of air shower muon densities using segmented counters with time resolution
Creators: name: Ravignani, D.
name: Supanitsky, A. D.
name: Melo, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the significant experimental effort made in the last decades, the origin of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays is still largely unknown. Key astrophysical information to identify where these energetic particles come from is provided by their chemical composition. It is well known that a very sensitive tracer of the primary particle type is the muon content of the showers generated by the interaction of the cosmic rays with air molecules. We introduce a likelihood function to reconstruct particle densities using segmented detectors with time resolution. As an example of this general method, we fit the muon distribution at ground level using an array of counters like AMIGA, one of the Pierre Auger Observatory detectors. For this particular case we compare the reconstruction performance against a previous method. With the new technique, more events can be reconstructed than before. In addition the statistical uncertainty of the measured number of muons is reduced, allowing for a better discrimination of the cosmic ray primary mass.
description: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Two-atom quantum gate in hybrid cavity optomechanics
Creators: name: Chauhan, Anil Kumar
name: Biswas, Asoka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tracing the dynamics of a quantum system using a mesoscopic device is an important topic of interest nowadays. Here we show how a mesoscopic mechanical oscillator steers the dynamics of a coupled two-atom system and gives rise to a two-qubit SWAP gate. We have theoretically studied a generic hybrid atom-optomechanical system where two identical atoms in $Λ$ configuration are trapped inside the cavity and the cavity mode mediates the interaction between the atoms and the mechanical oscillator. Adiabatic elimination of the lossy channels is adopted which in turn gives rise to an effective Hamiltonian that is responsible for a two-atom SWAP gate controlled by the mechanical motion of the oscillator. The validity of the proposal for successful implementation is assessed using presently available experimental parameters.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted
[Fe II] jets from intermediate-mass protostars in Carina
Creators: name: Reiter, Megan
name: Smith, Nathan
name: Bally, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new HST/WFC3-IR narrowband [Fe II] images of protostellar jets in the Carina Nebula. Combined with 5 previously published sources, we have a sample of 18 jets and 2 HH objects. All of the jets we targeted with WFC3 show bright infrared [Fe II] emission, and a few H$α$ candidate jets are confirmed as collimated outflows based on the morphology of their [Fe II] emission. Continuum-subtracted images clearly separate jet emission from the adjacent ionization front, providing a better tracer of the collimated jet than H$α$ and allowing us to connect these jets with their embedded driving sources. The [Fe II] 1.64 $μ$m/H$α$ flux ratio measured in the jets is $\gtrsim 5$ times larger than in the adjacent ionization fronts. The low-ionization jet core requires high densities to shield Fe$^+$ against further ionization by the FUV radiation from O-type stars in the H II region. High jet densities imply high mass-loss rates, consistent with the intermediate-mass driving sources we identify for 13 jets. The remaining jets emerge from opaque globules that obscure emission from the protostar. In many respects, the HH jets in Carina look like a scaled-up version of the jets driven by low-mass protostars. Altogether, these observations suggest that [Fe II] emission is a reliable tracer of dense, irradiated jets driven by intermediate-mass protostars. We argue that highly collimated outflows are common to more massive protostars, and that they suggest the outflow physics inferred for low-mass stars formation scales up to at least $\sim8$ M$_{\odot}$.
description: 24 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Modular non-repeating codes for DNA storage
Creators: name: Holmes, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We describe a strategy for constructing codes for DNA-based information storage by serial composition of weighted finite-state transducers. The resulting state machines can integrate correction of substitution errors; synchronization by interleaving watermark and periodic marker signals; conversion from binary to ternary, quaternary or mixed-radix sequences via an efficient block code; encoding into a DNA sequence that avoids homopolymer, dinucleotide, or trinucleotide runs and other short local repeats; and detection/correction of errors (including local duplications, burst deletions, and substitutions) that are characteristic of DNA sequencing technologies. We present software implementing these codes, available at github.com/ihh/dnastore, with simulation results demonstrating that the generated DNA is free of short repeats and can be accurately decoded even in the presence of substitutions, short duplications and deletions.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Theoretical and numerical investigation of diffusive instabilities in multi-component alloys
Creators: name: Lahiri, Arka
name: Choudhury, Abhik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical properties of engineering alloys are strongly correlated to their microstructural length scale. Diffusive insta- bilities of the Mullins-Sekerka type is one of the principal mechanisms through which the scale of the microstructural features are determined during solidification. In contrast to binary systems, in multicomponent alloys with arbitrary interdiffusivities, the growth rate as well as the maximally growing wavelengths characterizing these instabilities depend on the the dynamically selected equilibrium tie-lines and the steady state growth velocity. In this study, we derive analytical expressions to characterize the dispersion behavior in isothermally solidified multicomponent (quaternary) alloys for different choices of the inter-diffusivity matrices and confirm our calculations using phase-field simulations. Thereafter, we perform controlled studies to capture and isolate the dependence of instability length scales on solute diffusivities and steady state planar front velocities, which leads to an understanding of the process of length scale selection during the onset of instability for any alloy composition with arbitrary diffusivities, comprising of both independent and coupled diffusion of solutes.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures