Vacrothele uncata Tang & Wu & Zhao & Yang 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Tang, Ya-Ni
name: Wu, Ya-Ying
name: Zhao, Yu
name: Yang, Zi-Zhong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Macrothelidae
Vacrothele
Vacrothele uncata

description: Vacrothele uncata sp. nov.
Chinese name: (Ṁ状ffiǖA)
Figures 8–10, 15B, 17C, 18C, 19
Type material examined. Holotype male (DUIER-VU11), Meizi Lake Park, Yunnan Province, China. 22º45′19″N, 100º55′24″E, elevation: 1294m, 9 November 2018, coll. by Z. Z. Yang, W. P. Li & S. S. Liu. Paratypes: eight females (DUIER-VU21-VU28), data same as holotype; female (DUIER-VU29), Meizi Lake Park, Yunnan Province, China. 22º45′25″N, 100º59′40″E, elevation: 1339m, 21 May 2011, coll. by Z. X. Li and G. C. Zhou.
Etymology: The scientific name of ns based on the hook shaped end of the female genitalia.
Diagnosis: The new species is similar to V. pseudohunanica sp. nov., but males can be distinguished by the following characters: embolus with rounded genal angles bend from basal to middle part (Fig. 9E–G), and embolus basal more rounded (Fig. 6G, Fig. 9F); palpal tibia with 10 shorter stout dorsal spines, almost arranged in two rows, of which 7 in one row and 3 in other (Fig. 9J–L). Upper promarginal teeth not round but fine, the same is true of small teeth, and 2 teeth are not so stouter (Fig. 15). Tibia II with six strong ventral spines (Fig. 17C). The copulatory aperture is thicker but the joint of the copulatory aperture and spermatheca is very fine (Fig. 18C). The whole length of the copulatory duct is relatively long (Fig. 18C). The sigilla are more obvious (Fig. 9D, Fig. 6D). PMS and PLS white more obvious (Fig 6I, Fig 9I).
Description: Holotype male. Total length 8.51 (not including chelicerae and spinnerets): cephalothorax 4.10 long, 3.65 wide; abdomen 4.47 long, 3.30 wide. Carapace dark chestnut, gray hairy. Fovea transverse. Both eye rows recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.94, ALE 0.89, PME 0.73, PLE 0.79; ALE–AME 0.13, AME–AME 0.26, ALE–PLE 0.30, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 1.40. Eye group 1.63 long, 3.34 wide. Chelicerae light black, with 13 stout promarginal teeth and three small teeth plus 25 tiny basomesal teeth (Fig. 15B). Labium and maxillae light yellow, ventral with grey bristles and patch of cuspules on anterior 1/2 (Fig. 9B); maxillae length 1.64, and cuspules area length 1.18. Sternum cordate, with three pairs of sigilla (Fig. 9D). Palp tibia, grey and incrassate, 1 long prolateral and 10 stout dorsal spines (Fig. 9J–L); embolus middle part strongly curved, terminal 2 trumpet-shaped, embolus 5.40 long (Fig. 9E–G).
Spines. Leg I: femur with 8 dorsal, 1 prolateral near distad; patella 2 prolateral; tibia 2 prolateral; 9 ventral metatarsus 16 ventral, and two groups of ventral spiny plexus near distad, among them, each group of two, respectively; tarsus with 4 prolateral and 4 retrolateral. Leg II: femur 1 prolateral near distad, 8 dorsal; patella 2 prolateral, 2 retrolateral; tibia 2 prolateral, 6 strong ventral and 1 weaker ventral (Fig. 17C); metatarsus 1 prolateral, 8 ventral, two groups of ventral spiny plexus near distad, prolateral group of 3, retrolateral group of four; tarsus 7 prolateral, 5 retrolateral. Leg III: femur 2 dorsal, 3 prolateral; patella 2 prolateral, 3 retrolateral; tibia 2 prolateral, 2 retrolateral, 8 dorsal, 2 ventral; metatarsus 2 dorsal, 9 ventral, 3 prolateral, 3 retrolateral, and two groups of ventral spiny plexus near distad, among them, each group of two, respectively; tarsus with 7 prolateral, 7 retrolateral. Leg IV: femur 1 prolateral near distad; patella 1 prolateral, one retrolateral; tibia 2 prolateral, 3 retrolateral, 9 ventral, 1 dorsal; metatarsus 2 dorsal, 4 prolateral, 5 retrolateral, 9 ventral, and two groups of ventral spiny plexus near distad, among them, prolateral group of two, retrolateral group of 4; tarsus with 8 prolateral, 6 retrolateral.
Measurement of palp and legs: palp length: 8.11 (2.82, 0.98, 3.31, 1.00); leg I: 16.36 (4.79, 1.76, 3.64, 3.65, 2.52), leg II: 16.70 (4.77, 1.82, 3.68, 3.92, 2.51), leg III: 15.41 (4.12, 1.66, 3.18, 4.15, 2.30), leg IV: 18.94 (4.89, 1.56, 4.15, 5.60, 2.74). Leg formula: 4213.
STC with curved row of long teeth; ITC curved, with few fine teeth (Fig. 9C).
Abdomen black, hairy. Spinnerets: PMS, white; PLS, slenderness, basal, distal end white (Fig. 9I). PMS 1.37 long, 0.31 wide; PLS 6.43 long (2.02, 1.88, 2.53); PMS–PMS 1.33.
Female: Total length 14.77 (not including chelicerae and spinnerets): cephalothorax 6.11 long, 5.52 wide; abdomen 9.49 long, 6.40 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances:AME 0.31, ALE 0.46, PME 0.33, PLE 0.36; AME–AME 0.24, ALE–AME 0.10, ALE–PLE 0.11, PME–PME 0.75, PLE–PME 0.06. Eye group 0.80 long, 1.74 wide. Chelicerae with 14 stout promarginal teeth, basomesally with 6 smaller teeth, plus 15 tiny teeth. Labium, maxillae, dark yellow, ventral with dark brown bristles and patch of cuspules on anterior 1/2 (Fig. 10B); maxillae area length 2.02, and cuspule area length 1.74. Sternum cordate, with three pairs of sigilla (Fig. 10D).
Spines. Leg I: femur 1 prolateral near distad; patella 1 prolateral; tibia with 4 ventral; metatarsus with 7 ventral, and two groups of ventral spiny plexus near distad, among them, prolateral group of 2, retrolateral group of 3; tarsus with 4 prolateral, 4 retrolateral. Leg II: femur 1 prolateral near distad; patella 2 prolateral; tibia 1 prolateral, 4 ventral; metatarsus 1 prolateral, 6 ventral, two groups of ventral spiny plexus near distad, prolateral group of 2, retrolateral group of 3; tarsus with 6 prolateral, 4 retrolateral. Leg III: femur1 prolateral and 1 retrolateral near distad; patella with 3 prolateral, 2 retrolateral; tibia 2 prolateral, 3 retrolateral, 4 ventral; metatarsus 1 dorsal, 4 prolateral, 2 retrolateral, 9 ventral spines and two groups of ventral spiny plexus near distad, among them, each group of 3; tarsus with 7 prolateral, 7 retrolateral. Leg IV: femur 1 prolateral; patella with 3 prolateral, 3 retrolateral; tibia 1 prolateral spine, 4 retrolateral; 2 ventral; metatarsus 1 prolateral, 3 retrolateral, 2 dorsal, 4 ventral and two groups of ventral spiny plexus near distad, among them, prolateral group of 3, retrolateral group of 4; tarsus with 8 prolateral, 6 retrolateral.
Measurement of palp and legs: palp length: 9.54 (3.04, 1.42, 2.17, 2.91); leg I: 15.75 (4.83, 1.93, 3.47, 3.31, 2.21), leg II: 15.49 (4.63, 2.00, 3.25, 3.34, 2.27), leg III: 15.39 (4.49, 1.87, 2.99, 3.94, 2.10), leg IV: 19.00 (5.22, 2.06, 3.99, 5.22, 2.51). Leg formula: 4123.
STC with curved row of long teeth; ITC curved (Fig. 10C). Spinnerets: PMS white; PLS, slenderness, basal, distal end white (Fig. 10E). PMS 1.66 long, 0.53 wide; PLS 7.41 long (2.50, 2.14, 2.77); PMS–PMS 2.13.
Distribution: China: Yunnan (He-kou, Pu-er).
Variation: Female (nine paratypes; N=9): body length: with chelicerae 18.03–22.35 (19.53±1.51); without chelicerae 15.73–19.54 (16.97±1.32). Carapace 5.47–5.99 (5.76±0.17) length, 4.73–5.01 (4.84±0.09) wide. Maxillary cuspules 261–333. Labial cuspules 104–134. Variations of palp and leg measurements are shown in suppl. Table S5. No significant difference evident in their genitalia.
description: Published as part of Tang, Ya-Ni, Wu, Ya-Ying, Zhao, Yu & Yang, Zi-Zhong, 2022, Description of a new genus and two new species of the funnel-web mygalomorph (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Macrothelidae) from China with notes on taxonomic amendments, pp. 513-535 in Zootaxa 5125 (5) on pages 523-526, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5125.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6457317