cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neel order, ring exchange and charge fluctuations in the half-filled Hubbard model
Creators: name: Delannoy, J. -Y. P.
name: Gingras, M. J. P.
name: Holdsworth, P. C. W.
name: Tremblay, A. -M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the ground state properties of the two dimensional half-filled one band Hubbard model in the strong (large-U) to intermediate coupling limit ({\it i.e.} away from the strict Heisenberg limit) using an effective spin-only low-energy theory that includes nearest-neighbor exchange, ring exchange, and all other spin interactions to order t(t/U)^3. We show that the operator for the staggered magnetization, transformed for use in the effective theory, differs from that for the order parameter of the spin model by a renormalization factor accounting for the increased charge fluctuations as t/U is increased from the t/U -> 0 Heisenberg limit. These charge fluctuations lead to an increase of the quantum fluctuations over and above those for an S=1/2 antiferromagnet. The renormalization factor ensures that the zero temperature staggered moment for the Hubbard model is a monotonously decreasing function of t/U, despite the fact that the moment of the spin Hamiltonien, which depends on transverse spin fluctuations only, in an increasing function of t/U. We also comment on quantitative aspects of the t/U and 1/S expansions.
description: 9 pages - 3 figures - References and details to help the reader added
مدیریت بحران در بافت های فرسوده نمونه موردی مطالعه شده منطقه عودلاجان تهران
Creators: name: Mollazadeh, Mina
name: Kheiri, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 120102 Architectural Heritage and Conservation
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 120104 Architectural Science and Technology (incl. Acoustics, Lighting, Structure and Ecologically Sustainable Design)
subject: 120105 Architecture Management
subject: 120199 Architecture not elsewhere classified
subject: 120202 Building Science and Techniques
subject: 120201 Building Construction Management and Project Planning
subject: 120508 Urban Design
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography
subject: 120599 Urban and Regional Planning not elsewhere classified

description: بافت های فرسوده بخشی ازپیکره و بدنه شهرها هستند که دارای ارزشهای کالبدی عملکردی اقتصادی اجتماعی و فرهنگی اند و باتوان و قابلیت های بالقوه خود سرمایه ای ملی به شمارمیروند ولی درفرایند رشدوتوسعه شهر این بافت های کهن قادربه پاسخگویی به نیازهای زندگی امروز نبوده و درمعرض تهدیدات و بحرانهای بنیادی قرارمیگیرند این پژوهش سعی دارد با شناخت ویژگیهای این بافت ها و وضعیت موجود آنها عوامل اسیب رسان و بحران زا دراین بافت ها و راه کارهای مقابله با آنها را بیابد تا این بافت ها همچنان با سرزندگی و امنیت به پویایی خود ادامه دهند
Pressure of the Standard Model Near the Electroweak Phase Transition
Creators: name: Gynther, A.
name: Vepsalainen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend our previous determination of the thermodynamic pressure of the Standard Model so that the result can be applied down to temperatures corresponding to the electroweak crossover. This requires a further resummation which can be cleanly organised within the effective theory framework. The result allows for a precise determination of the expansion rate of the Universe for temperatures around the electroweak crossover.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures. v2: published version
Detection and Localization of Robotic Tools in Robot-Assisted Surgery Videos Using Deep Neural Networks for Region Proposal and Detection
Creators: name: Sarikaya, Duygu
name: Corso, Jason J.
name: Guru, Khurshid A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Video understanding of robot-assisted surgery (RAS) videos is an active research area. Modeling the gestures and skill level of surgeons presents an interesting problem. The insights drawn may be applied in effective skill acquisition, objective skill assessment, real-time feedback, and human-robot collaborative surgeries. We propose a solution to the tool detection and localization open problem in RAS video understanding, using a strictly computer vision approach and the recent advances of deep learning. We propose an architecture using multimodal convolutional neural networks for fast detection and localization of tools in RAS videos. To our knowledge, this approach will be the first to incorporate deep neural networks for tool detection and localization in RAS videos. Our architecture applies a Region Proposal Network (RPN), and a multi-modal two stream convolutional network for object detection, to jointly predict objectness and localization on a fusion of image and temporal motion cues. Our results with an Average Precision (AP) of 91% and a mean computation time of 0.1 seconds per test frame detection indicate that our study is superior to conventionally used methods for medical imaging while also emphasizing the benefits of using RPN for precision and efficiency. We also introduce a new dataset, ATLAS Dione, for RAS video understanding. Our dataset provides video data of ten surgeons from Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI) (Buffalo, NY) performing six different surgical tasks on the daVinci Surgical System (dVSS R ) with annotations of robotic tools per frame.
Selective tuning of L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels to strong synaptic activity
Creators: name: Liu, Zhi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: L-type voltage-sensitive Ca²⁺ channels VSCCs are important in mediating activity-dependent gene expression that may contribute to neuronal plasticity. Evidence shows that the L-type VSCC has slow activation kinetics making it function as a filter'for action potentials and therefore respond more effectively to the long-lasting EPSP waveform. However, these results are derived from experiments performed at room temperature and need to be tested at physiological temperature. Moreover, whether the square pulse analysis is legitimate for calcium channel behavior in the complex synaptic depolarization - waveform remains unclear. Using existing waveforms modeled from the 'NEURON' simulation program, we tested our hypothesis that at physiological temperature, slow activation kinetics underlie the L-type VSCCs' preference for EPSP type waveforms over action potential type waveforms. Different simulated waveforms were used as voltage clamp commands to HEK cells with heterologously expressed calcium channels, along with regular step pulses for basic channel property analysis. Our results show that activation kinetics are drastically accelerated compared to that obtained at room temperature such that all three channel types, L-, P/Q- and N-type channels are equally activated to full scale by action potentials. The L-type VSCCs mediate a distinctively larger total calcium influx in response to strong synaptic inputs in comparison with the P/Q- and N-type channels. Further analysis indicates that inactivation rather than activation characteristics underlies the distinctive Ltype calcium current response to strong synaptic inputs at physiological temperature. In summary, this inactivation-dominated behavior tunes the Ltype calcium channels to the strong synaptic inputs that may be important in triggering gene expression.
Rigorous three-dimensional relativistic equation for quark-antiquark bound states at finite temperature derived from the thermal QCD formulated in the coherent-state representation
Creators: name: Su, Jun-Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A rigorous three-dimensional relativistic equation for quark-antiquark bound states at finite temperature is derived from the thermal QCD generating functional which is formulated in the coherent-state representation. The generating functional is derived newly and given a correct path-integral expression. The perturbative expansion of the generating functional is specifically given by means of the stationary-phase method. Especially, the interaction kernel in the three-dimensional equation is derived by virtue of the equations of motion satisfied by some quark-antiquark Green functions and given in a closed form which is expressed in terms of only a few types of Green functions. This kernel is much suitable to use for exploring the deconfinement of quarks. To demonstrate the applicability of the equation derived, the one-gluon exchange kernel is derived and described in detail.
Effects of postselected von Neumann measurement on nonclassicality of single-photon-added coherent state
Creators: name: Turek, Yusuf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of von Neumann postselected measurement on nonclassicality of single-photon-added coherent state (SPACS) are studied. Explicit expressions and analytical results for various field properties of SPACS such as the photon number distribution, the Mandel Q_{m} factor and the squeezing parameter of field quadrature after postselected von Neumann measurement are investigated. The results showed that the nonclassicality of SPACS after measurement changed dramatically than initial state. The measurement let SPACS possess more strong sub-Poissonian photon statistics in some definite coupling strength regimes and large weak values which accompanied by low postselection probabilities.
description: 7pages, 10figures
A Crash Course on Aging
Creators: name: Biroli, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In these lecture notes I describe some of the main theoretical ideas emerged to explain the aging dynamics. This is meant to be a very short introduction to aging dynamics and no previous knowledge is assumed. I will go through simple examples that allow one to grasp the main results and predictions.
description: Lecture Notes (22 pages) given at "Unifying Concepts in Glass Physics III", Bangalore (2004); to be published in JSTAT
Exotic narrow resonance searches in the systems $K_s^0 p$, $K_s^0 Λ$ and $Λp$ in pA-interactions at 10 GeV/c
Creators: name: Aslanyan, P. Zh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental data from the 2m propane bubble chamber have been analyzed to search for an exotic baryon states, in the $K_s^0 p$, $K_s^0 Λ$ and $Λp$ decay mode for the reaction p+$C_3H_8$ at 10 GeV/c. The invariant mass spectrum $ΛK^0_s$ observe a narrow peaks at 1750, 1795,1850 MeV/$c^2$. The statistical significance of these peaks has been estimated as 5.6, 3.3 and 3.0 S.D., respectively. There are the small enhancements in mass regions of (1650-1675) and (1925-1950) MeV/c$^2$. These would be candidates for the $N^0$ or the $Ξ^0$ pentaquark states. The $pK^0_s$ invariant mass spectrum shows resonant structures with $M_{K_s^0 p}$=1540, 1613, 1821 MeV/$c^2$. The statistical significance of these peaks have been estimated as 5.5,4.8 and 5.0 s.d., respectively. There are also small peaks in 1487(3 s.d.),1690(3.6 s.d.), 1750(2.3 s.d.) and 1980(3.0 s.d.) MeV/$c^2$ mass regions. The invariant mass spectrum S=-1 $Λp$ observe a narrow peaks at 2100, 2175,2285 and 2353 MeV/$c^2$. Their excess above background by the second method is 6.9, 4.9, 3.8 and 2.9 S.D., respectively. There is also a small peak in 2225(2.2 s.d.) MeV/$c^2$ mass region.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, The XIth International Conference on Elastic and Diffractive Scattering, May 16-20, Blois, France, 2005; The international conference on Low Energy Antiproton Physics, May 16-22, Bonn - Julich, Germany,2005
OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF US/CANADA WHEAT POOL: A GAME THEORY ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Nganje, William E.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Johnson, D. Demcey
name: Park, Joon J.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Nganje, William E.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Johnson, D. Demcey
name: Park, Joon J.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper develops a game theory optimization model of market efficiency and derives conditions under which voluntary pooling is sustained for US/Canada durum and hard red spring wheat producers. Analysis reveals that United States and Canadian farmers can increase farm returns with efficiency gains from pooling and by internalizing benefits from grain blending and logistics. The model is used to analyze diverse factors affecting the sustainability of such a pool.
Dark energy models with time-dependent gravitational constant
Creators: name: Ray, Saibal
name: Mukhopadhyay, Utpal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two phenomenological models of $Λ$, viz. $Λ\sim (\dot a/a)^2$ and $Λ\sim \ddot a/a$ are studied under the assumption that $G$ is a time-variable parameter. Both models show that $G$ is inversely proportional to time as suggested earlier by others including Dirac. The models considered here can be matched with observational results by properly tuning the parameters of the models. Our analysis shows that $Λ\sim \ddot a/a$ model corresponds to a repulsive situation and hence correlates with the present status of the accelerating Universe. The other model $Λ\sim (\dot a/a)^2$ is, in general, attractive in nature. Moreover, it is seen that due to the combined effect of time-variable $Λ$ and $G$ the Universe evolved with acceleration as well as deceleration. This later one indicates a Big Crunch.
description: Latex, 6 pages
Message Passing Least Squares Framework and its Application to Rotation Synchronization
Creators: name: Shi, Yunpeng
name: Lerman, Gilad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.1.6; I.4.0
subject: 90C26, 90C17, 68Q87, 65C20, 90-08, 60-08

description: We propose an efficient algorithm for solving group synchronization under high levels of corruption and noise, while we focus on rotation synchronization. We first describe our recent theoretically guaranteed message passing algorithm that estimates the corruption levels of the measured group ratios. We then propose a novel reweighted least squares method to estimate the group elements, where the weights are initialized and iteratively updated using the estimated corruption levels. We demonstrate the superior performance of our algorithm over state-of-the-art methods for rotation synchronization using both synthetic and real data.
description: To Appear in ICML 2020 Proceedings
Effects of polyploidy on the coordination of gene expression between organellar and nuclear genomes in Leucanthemum Mill. (Compositae, Anthemideae)
Creators: name: Oberprieler, Christoph
name: Talianova, Martina
name: Griesenbeck, Joachim
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Calvin cycle, gene expression, hybridization, photosynthesis, photosystem II, polyploidy
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Whole‐genome duplications (WGD) through polyploid speciation are associated with disruptions of well‐tuned relationships among the three plant cell genomes. Key metabolic processes comprising multi‐subunit enzyme complexes, for which partner proteins are both nuclear‐ and plastid‐encoded, are dependent on maintenance of stoichiometric ratios among the subunits to avoid cytonuclear imbalances after WGDs. By using qPCR for gene copy and transcript number quantification, we have studied the relationship of subunit expression in the two gene pairs rbcL/rbcS (the two subunits of RuBisCO) and psbA/psbO (two members of photosystem II) in closely related members of Leucanthemum (Compositae, Anthemideae), comprising a diploid, a tetraploid, and a hexaploid species. While gene copy numbers exhibit the expected pattern of an increase in the nuclear‐encoded partner gene relative to the plastid‐encoded one, we find that the two partner gene systems behave differently after WGD: While in the psbA/psbO partner gene system, shifts in the gene copy balance caused by polyploidization are not accommodated for through changes in transcription intensities of the two partner genes, the rbcL/rbcS system even shows an unexpected reversed dosage effect with up‐regulated transcription intensities on both the nuclear and the plastidal side. We interpret the behavior of the psbA/psbO partner gene system as being due to the stoichiometrically relaxed relationship between the two gene products caused by a fast, damage‐provoked combustion of the psbA gene product (the D1 core protein of PSII). Conversely, the finely tuned expression dependencies of the rbcL/rbcS system may be the reason for the observed positive feedback runaway signal as reaction to gene copy imbalances caused by a polyploidization shock.
Bose-Einstein Condensation as a Quantum Phase Transition in an Optical Lattice
Creators: name: Aizenman, M.
name: Lieb, E. H.
name: Seiringer, R.
name: Solovej, J. P.
name: Yngvason, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most remarkable recent developments in the study of ultracold Bose gases is the observation of a reversible transition from a Bose Einstein condensate to a state composed of localized atoms as the strength of a periodic, optical trapping potential is varied. In \cite{ALSSY} a model of this phenomenon has been analyzed rigorously. The gas is a hard core lattice gas and the optical lattice is modeled by a periodic potential of strength $λ$. For small $λ$ and temperature Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is proved to occur, while at large $λ$ BEC disappears, even in the ground state, which is a Mott-insulator state with a characteristic gap. The inter-particle interaction is essential for this effect. This contribution gives a pedagogical survey of these results.
description: To appear in the proceedings of QMath9, Giens, France, Sept. 12--16, 2004
Aging arcsine law in Brownian motion and its generalization
Creators: name: Akimoto, Takuma
name: Sera, Toru
name: Yamato, Kosuke
name: Yano, Kouji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical arcsine law states that fraction of occupation time on the positive or the negative side in Brownian motion does not converge to a constant but converges in distribution to the arcsine distribution. Here, we consider how a preparation of the system affects the arcsine law, i.e., aging of the arcsine law. We derive aging distributional theorem for occupation time statistics in Brownian motion, where the ratio of time when measurements start to the measurement time plays an important role in determining the shape of the distribution. Furthermore, we show that this result can be generalized as aging distributional limit theorem in renewal processes.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Kazhdan-Lusztig combinatorics via sheaves on Bruhat graphs
Creators: name: Fiebig, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F55, 17B67

description: We study the projective objects in an exact category naturally associated to a Coxeter system. We discuss an analog of the Kazhdan-Lusztig conjecture and show how it follows from a "genericity" conjecture and how the latter follows from a "Hard Lefschetz" conjecture.
description: 10 pages; references added; to appear in the proceedings for the conference "Algebraic and Geometric Combinatorics" in Anogia, Crete, in August 2005
Atherosclerosis In Pet Birds: The Silent Killer
Creators: name: Anbupriyan T * 1, Lavanya K 2 and Keerthika S 3
Publisher: name: The Science World a monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Atherosclerosis is a condition marked by the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries, which reduces blood flow. It is a debilitating condition that is common in older birds and is often associated with sudden clinical deterioration. Birds, particularly companion psittacine species, seem to be more vulnerable to atherosclerosis than any other mammals aside from humans. The most frequent sign of this condition is sudden death, but other clinical symptoms may include difficulty in breathing, lethargy, neurological issues, weakness and death. Accumulations of lipids, cholesterol, inflammatory cells, and cellular debris inside the arterial media and intima are the components of atherosclerotic lesions.  Treatment should focus on identifying and addressing underlying causes and contributing factors, as well as managing complications like systemic hypertension or congestive heart failure. A comprehensive treatment approach that consists of both medical and non-medical strategies is recommended.
Spin lifetimes and strain-controlled spin precession of drifting electrons in zinc blende type semiconductors
Creators: name: Beck, M.
name: Metzner, C.
name: Malzer, S.
name: Döhler, G. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transport of spin polarized electrons in n-GaAs using spatially resolved continuous wave Faraday rotation. From the measured steady state distribution, we determine spin relaxation times under drift conditions and, in the presence of strain, the induced spin splitting from the observed spin precession. Controlled variation of strain along [110] allows us to deduce the deformation potential causing this effect, while strain along [100] has no effect. The electric field dependence of the spin lifetime is explained quantitatively in terms of an increase of the electron temperature.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Reporting Template PRIMASYS Case Studies
Creators: name: Langlois, Etienne V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111717 Primary Health Care

description: Reporting Template for the 20 PRIMASYS Case Studies in different LMICs
The impact of realistic axonal shape on axon diameter estimation using diffusion MRI
Creators: name: Lee, Hong-Hsi
name: Jespersen, Sune N.
name: Fieremans, Els
name: Novikov, Dmitry S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To study axonal microstructure with diffusion MRI, axons are typically modeled as straight impermeable cylinders, whereby the transverse diffusion MRI signal can be made sensitive to the cylinder's inner diameter. However, the shape of a real axon varies along the axon direction, which couples the longitudinal and transverse diffusion of the overall axon direction. Here we develop a theory of the intra-axonal diffusion MRI signal based on coarse-graining of the axonal shape by 3d diffusion. We demonstrate how the estimate of the inner diameter is confounded by the diameter variations (beading), and by the local variations in direction (undulations) along the axon. We analytically relate diffusion MRI metrics, such as time-dependent radial diffusivity D(t) and kurtosis K(t), to the axonal shape, and validate our theory using Monte Carlo simulations in synthetic undulating axons with randomly positioned beads, and in realistic axons reconstructed from electron microscopy images of mouse brain white matter. We show that (i) In the narrow pulse limit, the inner diameter from D(t) is overestimated by about twofold due to a combination of axon caliber variations and undulations (each contributing a comparable effect size); (ii) The narrow-pulse kurtosis K$_{t\to\infty}$ deviates from that in an ideal cylinder due to caliber variations; we also numerically calculate the fourth-order cumulant for an ideal cylinder in the wide pulse limit, which is relevant for inner diameter overestimation; (iii) In the wide pulse limit, the axon diameter overestimation is mainly due to undulations at low diffusion weightings b; and (iv) The effect of undulations can be considerably reduced by directional averaging of high-b signals, with the apparent inner diameter given by a combination of the axon caliber (dominated by the thickest axons), caliber variations, and the residual contribution of undulations.
Chiral fluctuations in triangular antiferromagnets at $T \ll T_N$
Creators: name: Syromyatnikov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral fluctuations in triangular antiferromagnets (TAFs) at $T \ll T_N$ are studied theoretically. The case of a ferromagnetic interaction along c axis (which is directed perpendicular to the plane of the lattice), Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction ${\bf D}\| c$ and a weak magnetic field ${\bf H}\| c$ is considered in detail. Previously, this model has been proposed to describe quantum TAF CsCuCl$_3$. Expressions for dynamical chirality (DC) are derived within the linear spin-wave approximation. In contrast to non-frustrated antiferromagnets, DC is found to be nonzero even at $D,H=0$ in a one-domain sample. We argue that this unusual behavior stems from the fact that a ground state of XY and Heisenberg TAFs is characterized by an axial vector along which DC is directed.
MEXICAN-U.S. FRESH TOMATO TRADE: AN ANALYSIS OF VOLUME, PRICES AND TRANSACTION COSTS
Creators: name: Padilla-Bernal, Luz E.
name: Thilmany, Dawn D.
name: Padilla-Bernal, Luz E.
name: Thilmany, Dawn D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
International Relations/Trade

description: Tomato trade between the U.S. and Mexico has grown significantly during the past decade. Although the tariff reductions accorded under NAFTA may explain part of his increase, there are other supply and demand factors that affect trade flows. This study develops a U.S.-Mexico tomato trade model, with special focus on the interdependence between trading costs and the volume of Mexican imports. As expected, the exchange rate is a significant determinant of trading costs, but the level of tariffs was insignificant in both the trading and tomato supply equations. The shipping point price level and volume of imports also appear to affect these costs. For the import supply and demand models, there appears to be a significant share of imports that rely on previous levels of imports, rather than the expected economic factors (prices, income, and producer price index). We conclude that the structure and performance of the tomato trading market is changing, and may be more influential than tariff reductions in explaining increased trade flows.
Optical spatial solitons in soft-matter: mode coupling theory approach
Creators: name: Conti, Claudio
name: Ruocco, Giancarlo
name: Trillo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict that spatial self-trapping of light can occur in soft matter encompassing a wide class of new materials such as colloids, foams, gels, fractal aggregates etc. We develop a general nonlocal theory that allows to relate the properties of the trapped state of Maxwell equations to the measurable static structure factor of the specific material. We give numerical evidence for stable trapping in fractal aggregates and suggest also the possibility of soliton spectroscopy of soft-matter.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Some remarks on tree-level vacuum stability in two Higgs doublet models
Creators: name: Barroso, A.
name: Ferreira, P. M.
name: Santos, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is proved that the minimum of a general two Higgs doublet models' potential is stable at tree level. A relation between stability and flavour changing neutral currents at tree level is shown.
description: Prepared for the Proceedings of The International Conference on High Energy and Mathematical Physics, Marrakech, Morocco, 3-7 April 2005. Talk presented by R. Santos. 8 pages and 1 figure
Status of simulations and required inputs
Creators: name: Mereghetti, Alessio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Hollow Electron Lenses (HELs) are being considered by the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) upgrade project. Their scope to clean beam tails (e.g. > 3.5 σ) to avoid magnet quenches or permanent damage to primary collimators (TCPs) in case of orbit jitters or crab cavity phase slips is described. This presentation was given at Collimation Upgrade Specification Meeting #122, CERN, Friday 22 Nov 2019.
Scientific Culture and Its Role in International Negotiations
Creators: name: Gottstein, Klaus L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scientists as diplomats (historical examples). Scientists as advisors to governments and the public. Nongovernmental organisations and international conferences on security questions, initiated by scientists and based on their professional culture.
description: 16 pages
Additional File - Expert Consultation PRIMASYS
Creators: name: Langlois, Etienne V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 160508 Health Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 111717 Primary Health Care

description: This Additional File includes information on the Expert Group for Primary Health Care Systems (PRIMASYS).
Examining Citations of Natural Language Processing Literature
Creators: name: Mohammad, Saif M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We extracted information from the ACL Anthology (AA) and Google Scholar (GS) to examine trends in citations of NLP papers. We explore questions such as: how well cited are papers of different types (journal articles, conference papers, demo papers, etc.)? how well cited are papers from different areas of within NLP? etc. Notably, we show that only about 56\% of the papers in AA are cited ten or more times. CL Journal has the most cited papers, but its citation dominance has lessened in recent years. On average, long papers get almost three times as many citations as short papers; and papers on sentiment classification, anaphora resolution, and entity recognition have the highest median citations. The analyses presented here, and the associated dataset of NLP papers mapped to citations, have a number of uses including: understanding how the field is growing and quantifying the impact of different types of papers.
AGGREGATION ISSUES IN PEST CONTROL ECONOMICS: A BIOECONOMIC APPROACH
Creators: name: Young, Douglas L.
name: Smith, Elwin G.
name: Kwon, Tae-Jin
name: Young, Douglas L.
name: Smith, Elwin G.
name: Kwon, Tae-Jin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: bioeconomic
subject: data aggregation
subject: herbicide
subject: increasing returns
subject: pest control
subject: pesticide
subject: weed

description: Previous research has defined "aggregate pesticide expenditures" as the control variable; however, virtually all managerial recommendations and environmental restrictions target specific pesticides, rates, and crops. A bioeconomic approach considering particular pesticides on specific pests and crops is recommended for managerial-policy applications and testing for increasing returns. Exponential weed control and seven popular yield damage functional forms were estimated for a bioeconomic weed control model for winter wheat in Washington. Concavity with respect to herbicide rate was observed for most popular damage functions at normal weed densities and manufacturers' label rates, but convexity existed outside these ranges and should be checked.
Chromomagnetic Instability and the LOFF state in a two flavor Color Superconductor
Creators: name: Giannakis, Ioannis
name: Ren, Hai-Cang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the relation between the chromomagnetic instability of a homogeneous two flavor color superconductor and the LOFF state. We perturb the free energy of the 2SC by generating a small net momentum for the quark pair. We find that the imaginary Meissner mass of a particular gluon implies that the LOFF state is energetically favored.
description: 11 pages, no figures, latex, discussion on charge neutrality, new references were added
Mapping Languages and Demographics with Georeferenced Corpora
Creators: name: Dunn, Jonathan
name: Adams, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper evaluates large georeferenced corpora, taken from both web-crawled and social media sources, against ground-truth population and language-census datasets. The goal is to determine (i) which dataset best represents population demographics; (ii) in what parts of the world the datasets are most representative of actual populations; and (iii) how to weight the datasets to provide more accurate representations of underlying populations. The paper finds that the two datasets represent very different populations and that they correlate with actual populations with values of r=0.60 (social media) and r=0.49 (web-crawled). Further, Twitter data makes better predictions about the inventory of languages used in each country.
description: Proceedings of GeoComputation 19
On the role of injection in kinetic approaches to nonlinear particle acceleration at non relativistic shocks
Creators: name: Gabici, Stefano
name: Blasi, Pasquale
name: Vannoni, Giulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical reaction of the particles accelerated at a shock front by the first order Fermi process can be determined within kinetic models that account for both the hydrodynamics of the shocked fluid and the transport of the accelerated particles. These models predict the appearance of multiple solutions, all physically allowed. We discuss here the role of injection in selecting the {\it real} solution, in the framework of a simple phenomenological recipe, which is a variation of what is sometimes referred to as {\it thermal leakage}. In this context we show that multiple solutions basically disappear and when they are present they are limited to rather peculiar values of the parameters.
description: 4 pages, to appear in the proceedings of "Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation", Torun, 20-24 June 2005
IS THE PROFIT MOTIVE AN IMPORTANT DETERMINANT OF GRAZING LAND USE AND RANCHER MOTIVE?
Creators: name: Torell, L. Allen
name: Bailey, Scott A.
name: Torell, L. Allen
name: Bailey, Scott A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Livestock Production/Industries

description: We build our economic models and estimate grazing policy impacts based on the standard economic model of profit maximization. Yet, over 30 years of research and observation has shown that, for many, consumptive and quality of life values are the most important reasons for the purchase of western ranches. Ranch buyers want an investment they can touch, feel and enjoy, and they have historically been willing to accept low returns from the livestock operation. Profit maximization appears to be an inadequate model for explaining rancher behavior; in estimating what impacts altered public land policies will have; and in de-scribing grazing land use and value. In this study, only 27% of the value of New Mexico ranches in the most productive rangeland areas was explained by livestock production potential. Economists and policy-makers must take the influences of both traditional livestock production and quality of life values into ac-count when determining appropriate policies for western rangelands.
Deep PQR: Solving Inverse Reinforcement Learning using Anchor Actions
Creators: name: Geng, Sinong
name: Nassif, Houssam
name: Manzanares, Carlos A.
name: Reppen, A. Max
name: Sircar, Ronnie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a reward function estimation framework for inverse reinforcement learning with deep energy-based policies. We name our method PQR, as it sequentially estimates the Policy, the $Q$-function, and the Reward function by deep learning. PQR does not assume that the reward solely depends on the state, instead it allows for a dependency on the choice of action. Moreover, PQR allows for stochastic state transitions. To accomplish this, we assume the existence of one anchor action whose reward is known, typically the action of doing nothing, yielding no reward. We present both estimators and algorithms for the PQR method. When the environment transition is known, we prove that the PQR reward estimator uniquely recovers the true reward. With unknown transitions, we bound the estimation error of PQR. Finally, the performance of PQR is demonstrated by synthetic and real-world datasets.
On CP Violation in Minimal Renormalizable SUSY SO(10) and Beyond
Creators: name: Bertolini, Stefano
name: Malinsky, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of CP phases within the renormalizable SUSY SO(10) GUT with one 10_H, one 126bar_H one 126_H and one 210_H Higgs representations and type II seesaw dominating the neutrino mass matrix. This framework is non trivially predictive in the fermionic sector and connects in a natural way the GUT unification of b and tau Yukawa couplings with the bi-large mixing scenario for neutrinos. On the other hand, existing numerical analysis claim that consistency with quark and charged lepton data prevents the minimal setup from reproducing the observed CP violation via the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. We re-examine the issue and find by inspection of the fermion mass sum rules and a detailed numerical scan that, even though the CKM phase takes preferentially values in the second quadrant, the agreement of the minimal model with the data is actually obtained in a non negligible fraction of the parameter space. We then consider a recently proposed renormalizable extension of the minimal model, obtained by adding one chiral 120-dimensional Higgs supermultiplet. We show that within such a setup the CKM phase falls naturally in the observed range. We emphazise the robust predictivity of both models here considered for neutrino parameters that are in the reach of ongoing and future experiments.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. Two refs added, discussion expanded. To appear on Phys. Rev. D
Additional file 1 of Extrusion-based additive manufacturing of fungal-based composite materials using the tinder fungus Fomes fomentarius
Creators: name: Chen, Huaiyou
name: Abdullayev, Amanmyrat
name: Bekheet, Maged F.
name: Schmidt, Bertram
name: Regler, Isabel
name: Pohl, Carsten
name: Vakifahmetoglu, Cekdar
name: Czasny, Mathias
name: Kamm, Paul H.
name: Meyer, Vera
name: Gurlo, Aleksander
name: Simon, Ulla
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Rheological properties of pure alginate gel pastes: a) results of the flow tests and b) results of the three-step flow recovery tests.
Perfectly matched layer method for optical modes in dielectric cavities
Creators: name: Jiang, Tianpeng
name: Xiang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical resonance problem is similar to but different from time-steady Schrödinger equation. One big challenge is that the eigenfunctions in resonance problem is exponentially growing. We give physical explanation to this boundary condition and introduce perfectly matched layer (PML) method to transform eigenfunctions from exponential-growth to exponential-decay. Based on the complex stretching technique, we construct a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian for the optical resonance problem. We successfully validate the effectiveness of the Hamiltonian by calculate its eigenvalues in the circular cavity and compare with the analytical results. We also use the proposed Hamiltonian to investigate the mode evolution around exceptional points in the quad-cosine cavity.
Zu den Strafen und Bußen für die Wiederverheiratung in der frühen Kirche
Creators: name: Kötting, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 48 (1964): Oriens christianus, Band 48
Poverty transition through targeted programme: the case of Bangladesh Poultry Model
Creators: name: Akter, Shaheen
name: Farrington, John
name: Akter, Shaheen
name: Farrington, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Bangladesh
subject: Poultry
subject: Poverty
subject: Asset-base Framework

description: Poverty transition through a capacity development programme called the Bangladesh Poultry Model is assessed using self-assessment dimension in a quasi experiment framework. Current poverty situation is compared with money metric measure. The programme involves longer term intervention towards building the strength of stakeholders such as government department, NGOs, village organisations and women beneficiaries. A number of key questions related to poverty transition through poultry based activities, heterogeneity in livelihood choice and its impact on household welfare, extent of poverty reduction etc. are answered for policy recommendations. Data are drawn from a survey of 400 beneficiary households in 2006; about 50% of them are survivors in the programme. Poverty profiles, transition matrices and regression analysis using asset-base framework are used to analyse data. Results are discussed along with recommendations and policy implications. Adaptation of the programme in several countries is also reviewed briefly using published information to discuss wider implications.
An investigation of the submillimeter background radiation using SCUBA and Spitzer
Creators: name: Dye, S.
name: Eales, S. A.
name: Ashby, M. L. N.
name: Huang, J. -S.
name: Webb, T. M. A.
name: Barmby, P.
name: Lilly, S.
name: Brodwin, M.
name: McCracken, H.
name: Egami, E.
name: Fazio, G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the redshift dependence of the contribution to the extragalactic far-infrared/sub-millimeter background from galaxies detected by the Spitzer Space Telescope at 8um and 24um. Using seven-band optical to mid-infrared photometry, we estimate photometric redshifts for the Spitzer sources which appear to be mostly L* galaxies at a median redshift of z=1.0. These sources, extracted from deep 8um and 24um mosaics of the CUDSS 14-hour field with 5sigma limits of 5.8uJy and 70uJy respectively, exhibit significant 850um and 450um emission as observed by SCUBA. At 850um, after removing >=4sigma sources and those securely identified in our previous cross-matching paper, we measure stacked flux at the significance level of 4.4sigma and 2.9sigma from the full 8um and 24um galaxy catalogue respectively. At 450um, flux is detected from all 8um galaxies at the level of 3.5sigma, while there is no significant emission from the 24um galaxies. We find that the 850um flux is emitted almost exclusively at z>~1.3 from the Spitzer sources with 0.44mJy (4.7sigma) per 8um source and 0.51mJy (2.8sigma) per 24um source. This corresponds to a contribution of (16+/-3)% toward the 850um extra-galactic background from the 8um sources and (5.0+/-1.8)% from the 24um sources. At 450um, only the 8um sources within the redshift interval 1
description: 13 pages, 7 figures. ApJ resubmitted
Structure, magnetic and thermodynamic properties of heterometallic ludwigites: Cu2GaBO5 and Cu2AlBO5
Creators: name: Eremina, R. M.
name: Gavrilova, T. P.
name: Moshkina, E. M.
name: Gilmutdinov, I. F.
name: Batulin, R. G.
name: Gurzhiy, V. V.
name: Grinenko, V.
name: Inosov, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extensive study of the structural, magnetic and thermodynamic properties of high-quality monocrystals of the two heterometallic oxyborates from the ludwigite family: Cu$_2$GaBO$_5$ and Cu$_2$AlBO$_5$ in the temperature range above 2 K. The distinctive feature of the investigated structures is the selective distribution of Cu and Ga/Al cations. The unit cell of Cu$_2$GaBO$_5$ and Cu$_2$AlBO$_5$ contains four nonequivalent crystallographic sites of metal ions. Two sites in the structure from four nonequivalent crystallographic sites of metal ions of Cu$_2$GaBO$_5$ are fully occupied by Cu atoms which form the quasi one-dimensional chains along the a-axis. For Cu$_2$AlBO$_5$ all sites are partially occupied by Al and Cu atoms. The joint analysis of low-temperature data on magnetic susceptibility and magnetic contribution to the specific heat showed that Cu$_2$AlBO$_5$ and Cu$_2$GaBO$_5$ exhibit an antiferromagnetic transition at $T_{\rm N} \approx 3$ and 4 K, respectively. The magnetic contributions to the specific heat for both compounds were obtained after subtracting the phonon contribution. It is shown that the external magnetic field above 2.5 T leads to a broadening of the magnetic phase transition indicating suppression of the long-range antiferromagnetic order.