cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The spread and control of HIV in southern Africa
Creators: name: Eaton, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: HIV has disproportionately affected southern Africa. This region, which comprises 2% of the worlds population, is home to an estimated 34% of all people living with HIV, 29% of new HIV infections globally in 2010, and 30% of AIDS-related deaths. A strengthened response to the epidemic by countries in southern Africa in recent years has brought life-prolonging antiretroviral therapy to the majority of those in need of treatment, and declines from peak levels of HIV incidence over the past decade are a reason for optimism. But, in 2010, 770,000 new HIV infections occurred. A better understanding of why the epidemic has spread so severely in this region is required to inform strategies to reduce and eventually eliminate new HIV infections. This thesis uses data analysis and mathematical modelling to understand the interaction between behavioural and biological factors that may have contributed to the spread of HIV in southern Africa, and the implications of these for controlling the epidemic. It focuses specifically on two topics of recent attention for public health decision makers in southern Africa: concurrent sexual partnerships and HIV treatment as prevention. Chapters explore the interaction between high HIV infectiousness during primary HIV infection and concurrent sexual partnerships, describe and evaluate a consensus indicator for concurrency, develop a method to adjust for high levels of missing data in sexual behaviour surveys and examine trends in sexual behaviours in a high HIV prevalence population in South Africa, create a mathematical model to examine the potential impact of antiretroviral therapy on HIV incidence in hyperendemic settings, and systematically compare the predictions of twelve different mathematical models of the impact of HIV treatment as prevention in South Africa. Taken together, through these topics we come to understand more broadly the complexity of the epidemiological context in which HIV spreads in southern Africa.
UJI AKTIFITAS ANTIMALARIA EKSTRAK AIR DAUN JAMBU BIJI (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA) PADA KULTUR PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM IN VITRO
Creators: name: Efendi, Ferry
name: Achmad Fachrizal
name: Dhianita Binarwati
name: Rinnelya Agustin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Malaria masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di dunia dan di Indonesia. Penyakit malaria tersebar cukup merata di seluruh kawasan di Indonesia, namun paling banyak dijumpai di luar wilayah Jawa-Bali, bahkan di beberapa tempat dapat dikatakan sebagai daerah endemis malaria. Pengobatan malaria sebagai penyakit menular sudah dilakukan sejak dulu tetapi sampai saat ini masih belum menunjukkan hasil yang optimal. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi adalah meningkatnya resistensi Plasmodium terhadap obat antimalaria di berbagai daerah sehingga sampai saat ini belum ada obat anti malaria yang ideal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persentase penghambatan dan IC50 ekstrak air daun jambu biji pada kultur P. falciparum secara in vitro. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium yang dilakukan secara in vitro. Prosentase penghambatan pemberian ekstrak air daun jambu biji pada kultur isolat P. falciparum secara in vitro pada dosis 0,01; 0,1; 1; 10; 100 μg/ml adalah sebesar 24,4; 43,9; 29,3; 48,8; 65,8 %. Pemberian ekstrak air daun jambu biji mempunyai daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan P. falciparum in vitro dengan nilai IC50 pada inkubasi 48 jam sebesar 7,35 μg/ml.
Flexural Mechanics of Creased Thin Metallic Strips
Creators: name: Walker, Martin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Creasing
Localisation
Folding
Origami
Structural Mechanics
Shells

description: The introduction of creases into thin sheets has a dramatic effect on their global mechanical properties. This can be observed by manipulating a crumpled piece of paper which has been unfolded; it no longer deforms in the same way as the original sheet. Creases have typically been modelled as singular hinge lines, often accompanied by a torsional spring to provide some opening resistance; however, the appropriate stiffness of these springs is unclear. In reality, creases have a discrete geometry based on the method they were formed. This dissertation investigates the flexural behaviour of a creased thin metallic strip and the influence of the crease geometry. When a strip is bent perpendicular to the crease, putting the crease region in tension and the strip edges in compression, initially torsional deformations occur which ultimately coalesce into a central localised flattened region. An analytical model of this flexural behaviour is developed, which idealises the crease as an initially circular segment. Predictions show the bending resistance increases as the crease decreases in size. The model predictions are compared to finite element analysis and experimental results showing excellent agreement. When a strip is bent in the opposite direction, with the crease region in compression and the strip edges in tension, a bistable snap-through occurs. The deformed shape is characterised by a sharp vertex on the crease line. An analytical model is developed by generalising a Gauss mapping approach, and used to predict the deformed shape. These predictions match experimental results well. This dissertation provides an understanding of the mechanics of creased thin strips, where the crease is given a discrete geometry, and explores the nature of localisation. It also provides the foundation to explore the mechanics of thin sheets featuring a network of creases. This offers the opportunity to improve the efficiency of thin shell structures by using creasing to optimise the mechanics, leading to reduced material use, more sustainable construction, and fuel savings from lighter vehicles.
description: Cambridge Home and European Scholarship Scheme
Additional file 2: of Combination of lymphovascular invasion and the AJCC TNM staging system improves prediction of prognosis in N0 stage gastric cancer: results from a high-volume institution
Creators: name: Lu, Jun
name: Dai, Yun
name: Xie, Jian-Wei
name: Wang, Jia-Bin
name: Lin, Jian-Xian
name: Chen, Qi-Yue
name: Cao, Long-Long
name: Lin, Mi
name: Tu, Ru-Hong
name: Zheng, Chao-Hui
name: Li, Ping
name: Huang, Chang-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Table S2. Univariate and Multivariate analyses for Lymphovascular Invasion in N0 patients. (DOCX 15 kb)
Development of methods for the study of the role of the Smc5-Smc6 complex in DNA stability
Creators: name: Esteras Bejar, Miguel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: The Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) proteins play a number of crucial roles in the metabolism of chromosomes. The Smc5-Smc6 complex is the least well understood of the complexes formed by SMC proteins. Hitherto, the Smc5-Smc6 complex has been linked to protein post-translational modification by sumoylation and restart of collapsed replication forks by homologous recombination between sister chromatids (SCR). However, a detailed characterization of the roles of the Smc5-Smc6 complex is missing. The objective of this study is to characterize the function of the Smc5-Smc6 complex in DNA repair by SCR, and to identify sumoylation substrates of MMS21, a E3-sumoligase subunit of the Smc5-Smc6 complex. Recent studies suggest that DNA single-strand nicks are transformed to doublestrand breaks in a replication-dependent manner, and this triggers SCR. I developed an assay for the activation of SCR based on the expression of a site-specific nickase. Unfortunately, a stable site-specific nick was observed in only 30% of the population. This percentage was insufficient for the study of the molecular role of the Smc5-Smc6 complex during SCR. However, this assay could be used to confirm and further characterize the activation of SCR upon replication-induced DNA damage. To study the role of sumoylation within the Smc5-Smc6 activity, I have developed a proteome-wide approach for the in vivo identification of sumoylation-sites by mass spectrometry. This technique can be used for the identification of MMS21 substrates and for the mapping of their sumo-acceptor lysines. The mapping of sumo-acceptor sites allows the generation of sumo-specific mutant proteins that can be used to study the function of sumoylation. More than 360 sumo-acceptor lysines, belonging to 245 different proteins, were identified. In vivo sumoylation at these lysines was verified by MS-independent methods. In addition, I developed a SILAC-based mass spectrometry assay for the quantitative study of site-specific sumoylation.
Understanding the Cancer Resistance Mechanisms of the Naked Mole-Rat
Creators: name: Hadi, Fazal
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Naked Mole-Rat
Cancer Resistance
CRISPR-Cas9

description: The naked mole-rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber) is a highly unusual mammal: eusocial, cold-blooded and with remarkable resistance to hypoxia, hypercapnia and acid-induced pain. Furthermore, NMRs are exceptionally long-lived and extremely cancer resistant. Few studies have attempted to explain the reason behind the NMR’s cancer resistance, but most prominently Tian et al. have reported that NMR cells are resistant to tumourigenesis induced by SV40 large T antigen and oncogenic RAS (SV40LT-HRASG12V), a combination of oncogenes sufficient to transform mouse and rat cells. Additionally, Tian et al. have reported that high-molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA) mediates the NMR’s cancer resistance and inhibition of HMW-HA signalling render NMR cells susceptible to transformation by SV40LT-HRASG12V. With the publication of the NMR genome and advances in CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, I set out to systematically interrogate the NMR genome through a genome-wide CRISPR screen to identify the genes responsible for its cancer resistance. My approach was based on Tian et al.’s finding that the NMR cells are not transformed by SV40LT-HRASG12V unless a further gene is perturbed. Therefore, I aimed to knockout every gene in the NMR genome (a set of ~55,000 predicted genes) in NMR cells expressing SV40LT-HRASG12V and test them for anchorage-independent growth, a hallmark of cancer cells. I, therefore, developed a novel CRISPR gRNA library containing 81116 gRNAs targeting the entire NMR genome. Next, I developed a set of lentiviral vectors to deliver SV40LT-HRASG12V into NMR cells. Using these vectors, I generated 106 different cell lines from 5 different tissues of 11 NMRs and found that, contrary to previous reports, NMR cells are transformed by expression of SV40LT-HRASG12V. Using transcriptomic analysis, I show that both NMR and mouse cells undergo similar gene expression changes in response to introduction of SV40LT-HRASG12V. Taken together, this thesis challenges previous findings of the field and points to non-cell autonomous processes such as the immune system and cellular microenvironment as key players behind NMR’s cancer resistance. Exploring these new avenues could have profound effect on our understanding of tumour biology.
description: Gates Cambridge Trust
Epithelial mesenchymal transition and resistance to neoadjuvant radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer
Creators: name: Bhangu, Aneel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Background: Non-response to neoadjuvant therapy is a significant challenge for clinicians managing solid cancers. This thesis aimed to determine whether Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) was associated with non-response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: Representative tissue specimens from the tumour invasive front of consecutive patients undergoing resection of rectal cancer from 2009-2011 were used. Patients with marked regression to neoadjuvant therapy were classified as responders with the remainder as non-responders. Markers of EMT included: reduced immunohistochemical expression of membranous E-cadherin, increased nuclear beta-catenin expression and tumour budding. In-situ-hybridisation was used to assess the expression of microRNA-200c (mir200c), an upstream master-regulator of EMT. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantitate expression of the gene for E-cadherin. Results: From 103 patients undergoing resection of rectal cancer, 69 received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; 65% of these were non-responders. Reduced mir200c expression was significantly associated with higher T grade. Reduced membranous E-cadherin, increased nuclear beta-catenin and tumour budding individually predicted the presence of extra-mural vascular invasion. Reduced E-cadherin, nucleic beta-catenin, reduced mir200c and tumour budding were all significantly associated with non-response to neoadjuvant therapy (all p<0.001). Reduced E-cadherin and mir200c expression were both associated with reduced cancer specific survival (log-rank p-value 0.036 and 0.009 respectively). E-cadherin gene expression was not related to radiotherapy response or tumour budding. Conclusion: Targeted biomarkers of EMT were associated with non-response to neoadjuvant therapy and reduced survival in advanced rectal cancer. EMT may provide a practical clinical biomarker and novel therapeutic target, to improve the proportion of patients who respond to neoadjuvant therapy.
Sliding resistance at the joint between a structural wall and the basement ceiling: a mechanical model
Creators: name: Schuler, Harald
name: Trost, Burkhart
Publisher: name: Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: sliding shear failure
subject: reverse loading
subject: earthquake loads
subject: squat walls
subject: curvature ductility
subject: cold joint
subject: aggregate interlock
subject: dowel action
subject: 624 - Ingenieurbau und Umwelttechnik

description: This paper presents a mechanical model which is used to analyse the sliding resistance at the cold joint of nearly quadratic basement walls. The analysis is done on a building with a height of 40m and a basement wall size of 4m x 4m. In the parameter study the axial force and the reinforcement ratios, at the boundary and in the web, are varied. Analysed are the resistances of aggregate interlock, dowel action and the shear resistance of the reinforcement which is under compression. The study shows that for a quadratic wall in most cases, failure due to sliding occurs before the maximum flexural deformation is reached. Thus the flexural ductility, e.g. in pushover analysis, is overestimated when the anchorage lengths of the structural wall is short. Therefore it is recommended for squat walls to take a previous sliding failure into account in a performance-based earthquake analysis.
StCKP and potato tuber dormancy
Creators: name: Browning, Luke Wayne
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: potato
dormancy
purine nucleoside phosphorylase
PNP
cytokinin
cytokinin binding protein
seed dormancy
potato dormancy
sprouting
potato sprouting
PRM
targeted mass spectrometry

description: [Restricted]
Behaviour of locked sand during cavity expansion
Creators: name: Van Eeden, Stephanus Jacobus
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: locked sand
cavity expansion
stress dilatancy
undrained sand
viscous oil saturation
sand permeability
insitu testing

description: The oil sand deposits in Alberta, western Canada, are a peculiar material in relation to the conventional understanding of the stress-dilatancy and drainage properties of sands. These deposits have a dense locked sand structure with high viscosity bitumen occupying a large portion of their void space. Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage is a method widely used for extraction of oil from these deposits and is known to cause shear dilation in the undepleted material surrounding the continuously growing underground pressure chamber. The geomechanics of the process results in an increase of the absolute permeability of the soil skeleton, resulting in increased fluid flow which aids the extraction process. A lack of reliable information complicates design modelling of these underground reservoirs and the geomechanical enhancements are often neglected. Therefore cavity expansion, in the form of a pressuremeter testing, has been proposed as an alternative method for gathering insitu material data from these deposits. The self-boring pressuremeter is an insitu testing tool with which reliable material parameters can be obtained at appropriate stress levels, but has not yet been used to test the behaviour of locked sands saturated with viscous oil. The current research used a combination of laboratory scale testing and finite element modelling to investigate the behaviour of locked sand subjected to drained cavity expansion. The derived set of input parameters was found to correlate well with conventional triaxial compression results and the stress dilatancy theory in literature. Other specimens were saturated with 30 000 cSt silicone oil to study the generation of localised excess pore pressures during quasi-static cavity expansion in dense sand. A sequence of dissipation stages were used to study the change in drainage characteristics with increasing shear dilation. The distribution of diffuse dilation taking place in a finite volume of dense sand during cavity expansion was investigated using a combination of resin impregnation and computed tomography scanning. Overall, the research illustrated that there is potential for using a combination of cavity expansion and consolidation theory to study the change in permeability due to shear dilation of dense sands, if saturated with a sufficiently viscous fluid, as is the case for oil sands.
Brain development in fetal ventriculomegaly
Creators: name: Kyriakopoulou, Vanesa
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Introduction Fetal ventriculomegaly is the most common detectable central nervous system abnormality affecting 1% of fetuses and is associated with abnormal neurodevelopment in childhood. Neurodevelopmental outcome is partially predictable by the 2D size of the ventricles in the absence of other abnormalities while the aetiology of the dilatation remains unknown. The main aim of this study was to investigate brain development in the presence of isolated ventriculomegaly during fetal and neonatal life. Methods Fetal brain MRI (1.5T) was performed in 60 normal fetuses and 65 with isolated ventriculomegaly from 22-38 gestational weeks. Volumetric analysis of the ventricles and supratentorial brain structures was performed on 3D reconstructed datasets while cortical maturation was assessed using a detailed cortical scoring system. The metabolic profile of the fetal brain was assessed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. During neonatal life, volumetric analysis of ventricular and supratentorial brain tissue was performed while white matter microstructure was assessed using Diffusion Tensor Imaging. The neurodevelopmental outcome of these children was evaluated at 1 and 2 years of age. Results Fetuses with isolated ventriculomegaly had significantly increased cortical volumes when compared to controls while cortical maturation of the calcarine sulcus and parieto-occipital fissure was delayed. NAA:Cho, MI:Cho and MI:Cr ratios were lower whilst Cho:Cr ratios were higher in fetuses with ventriculomegaly. Neonates with prenatally diagnosed ventriculomegaly had increased ventricular and supratentorial brain tissue volumes and reduced FA values in the splenium of the corpus callosum, sagittal striatum and corona radiata. At year 2 of age, only 37.5% of the children assessed had a normal neurodevelopment. Conclusions The presence of relative cortical overgrowth, delayed cortical maturation and aberrant white matter development in fetuses with ventriculomegaly may represent the neurobiological substrate for cognitive, language and behavioural deficits in these children.
Alaska Through The Looking Glass: And What Twentieth Century American Photojournalists Saw There
Creators: name: Herrmann, Victoria Stephanie
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Alaska
Visual Culture
Media Studies

description: The following dissertation considers how journalists, photojournalists, editors, and correspondents reported on iconic events in Alaska in the 20th Century for American mass media outlets. The analysis posits that news images are vehicles by which the spaces of Alaska are produced and ordered for southern audiences. In this way, the analysis offers a reading of how southern news media, through visual storytelling and power conceptualization, constructed boundaries and differences between America and Alaska. As images enable people to examine and evaluate events and developments of a geography physically distant from their day to day lives, news visuals not only mediate events and developments in and about Alaska to a southern audience; images also reproduce the geography’s meaning and power dynamics. Exploring past visual news frames of Alaska offers a pathway to understanding today’s layered landscapes of Alaska as a place that both separates and connects conceptions of self and the other, of the domestic (inside) and foreign (outside) in America’s geographic imagination. To accomplish this, five news moments in Alaska’s twentieth century history are examined in this dissertation. Each media moment is considered in its own discussion chapter, so that Chapter One evaluates the Aleutian Islands Campaign (1942-1943); Chapter Two the construction of the Distant Early Warning System (1954-1957); Chapter Three the discovery of oil at Prudhoe Bay and subsequent assembly of petroleum transport infrastructure (1968-1977); Chapter Four the Exxon Valdez tanker oil spill (1989); and Chapter Five the debate to drill the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, which begins in the twentieth century and extends into the twenty-first century (1980- 2017). In addition to an analysis of the aesthetic, thematic, representative, and cartographic discourses found in American media reporting of these events, Chapters One through Five include a contextualization of the news publications and outlets considered. An overview of the geographies of publication during each event offers a supplementary layer of context, both in the developments in America’s media ecosystem and in the consequences those developments have had on how events are visually reported.
description: Gates Cambridge Scholarship
Knowledge level and incidence of complications in diabetic patients
Creators: name: Krzyżanowska Ewa
name: Indycka Ewelina
name: Łuczyk Robert Jan
name: Łuczyk Marta
name: Sawicka Katarzyna
name: Wawryniuk Agnieszka
name: Daniluk Jadwiga
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Summary
 Admission. Diabetes is a civilization disease and is an important issue of modern medicine. There is an annual increase in the incidence of this disease. Type 1 diabetes affects 3-10% of all cases worldwide, while type 2 diabetes accounts for 85% of all cases. In Poland, 12-15% of people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. [3]Material and method. The study involved 100 patients with diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted in Lublin: Military Hospital, Department of Internal Diseases, SPSK 4 in the Department of Endocrinology and in the SPSK 4 Polyclinic in the Diabetological Clinic. The study was conducted from February to April 2016.
 Results. Most of the respondents had average knowledge about their illness. Only 18% of patients had a high level of knowledge about diabetes and 30% of low knowledge. Complications of diabetes have been more frequently seen in patients with type 2 diabetes than type 1. Conclusions. A large number of complications were diagnosed in 19% of patients, with few complications in 31% of patients. In the group of women surveyed in the city and with higher education, complications were also more frequent than in men and patients living in rural areas and those with vocational or secondary education.
Additional file 3: of Combination of lymphovascular invasion and the AJCC TNM staging system improves prediction of prognosis in N0 stage gastric cancer: results from a high-volume institution
Creators: name: Lu, Jun
name: Dai, Yun
name: Xie, Jian-Wei
name: Wang, Jia-Bin
name: Lin, Jian-Xian
name: Chen, Qi-Yue
name: Cao, Long-Long
name: Lin, Mi
name: Tu, Ru-Hong
name: Zheng, Chao-Hui
name: Li, Ping
name: Huang, Chang-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medicine
Molecular Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Figure S2. Recurrence-free survival and Disease-specific survival curves for N0 patients with or without lymphovascular invasion. LVI: lymphovascular invasion, LVIâ /+: negative/positive LVI. (DOCX 34 kb)
Allosteric Targeting of the Dopamine D2 Receptor
Creators: name: CHRISTOPHER JAMES DRAPER-JOYCE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Pharmacology

description: One-third of medicines target proteins called G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are found all over the body and are involved in numerous diseases and disorders. One example is the common mental disorder schizophrenia, in which there is an excessive activity of a chemical messenger within the brain. The chemical messenger causes its effect by interacting with a GPCR known as the dopamine receptor. Current medicines completely block this interaction but cause severe side-effects. We have identified a drug that only partially blocks the action of the chemical messenger. This thesis investigates the mechanism of action behind this novel action. Understanding this mechanism will potentially allow for the rational design of improved drugs for this important therapeutic target.
Leaf and canopy responses to forest degradation and extreme climatic events: a remote sensing perspective
Creators: name: Nunes, Matheus Henrique
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Forest ecology
Forest dynamics
LiDAR
Leaf spectroscopy
Functional traits
Tropical rain forests
climate change
El Niño events

description: Monitoring the responses of leaf functional traits and vegetation structure to environmental change is key to understanding the responses of ecological systems to anthropogenic global change. Advancement in earth observation technologies provide new opportunities to answer complex ecological questions at scales ranging from the community to the landscape level. This thesis investigates the impacts of environmental change on foliar traits and forest structure. In particular, it investigates the impacts of El Niño on leaf traits using hyperspectroscopy and on the structure of forests modified by oil palm plantations using airborne LiDAR. The first chapter explores the potential and limitations of using hyperspectral data to estimate leaf traits remotely. Working with six temperate tree species in contrasting soil types, I explore the relationship between leaf structure and chemistry and spectral characteristics. We show that interspecific differences in leaf traits were generally much stronger than intraspecific differences related to soil type. We highlight the difficulties that can arise in detecting within-species variation owing to “constellation effects” but demonstrate the power of spectroscopy to predict traits. The second chapter investigates the effects of drought on leaf traits and spectra, by taking measurements during and after an El Niño event. Pigments were particularly lower after the drought, when rain was more frequent, sunshine duration was shorter and radiation was lower, indicating increased greenness and forest resilience to climatic variation. Spectral information was also shown to be effective at detecting the impacts of droughts on leaf traits. Upscaling to the landscape level, the third chapter focuses on methods for estimating aboveground carbon stocks in oil palm plantations using airborne LiDAR. We show that an area-based approach is more accurate than tree-centric methods, although the latter may be useful to detect, extract and count individual oil palm trees from images. The fourth chapter explores the effects of El Niño drought on the canopy structure of tropical forests in Borneo using repeat airborne LiDAR. Our results reveal extensive leaf shedding caused by extreme high temperatures and Vapour-Pressure Deficit. Regenerating short forests on ridges were particularly more vulnerable to climatic variation owing to greater heat and atmospheric dryness. In conclusion, this thesis integrates field measurements and remote sensing to narrow down the uncertainties of vegetation responses to environmental changes.
description: Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)
Novel Optical Endoscopes for Early Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Creators: name: Waterhouse, Dale Jonathan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Endoscopy
biomedical imaging
cancer
multispectral imaging
barrett's oesophagus
pituitary adenoma

description: Imaging is the only medical tool currently capable of non-invasively capturing detailed, real time and spatially resolved biochemical information in vivo and thus delineating disease so that non-invasive curative resection or treatment of the affected area can take place. Though visible and near infrared (NIR) light undergo a wide range of complex interactions in tissue — interactions which can be harnessed to yield useful information about the underlying pathology — optical imaging has yet to be fully utilised in clinic, with many existing techniques relying on standard colour imaging that replicates human vision. This thesis describes my recent effort advancing novel optical endoscopic imaging techniques towards clinical translation. Before embarking on the development of novel devices, an analysis was made of the common challenges in translating optical imaging techniques. Through this work, a streamlined roadmap to clinical translation was developed, and key translational characteristics were defined. These were used to guide subsequent development of endoscopic devices. Initial efforts were focused on the development of flexible endoscopes for detection of dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus. To enable molecular imaging with a newly discovered targeted fluorescent contrast agent, a bimodal endoscope capable of capturing NIR fluorescence and white light reflectance was developed around a clinically translatable device architecture, and image artefacts were addressed by developing and evaluating image correction algorithms. This technique demonstrated significant potential for delineation of dysplasia in ex vivo samples. Next, a multispectral endoscope capable of imaging multiple fluorophores or endogenous tissue reflectance was developed. This device was successfully translated to a clinical pilot study, where initial results showed the promising potential of multispectral endoscopy for delineation of dysplasia based on endogenous reflectance from oesophageal tissue. Finally, multispectral imaging was explored for intraoperative delineation of adenoma and healthy pituitary tissue. A novel rigid multispectral endoscope was developed, preliminary technical characterisation of this device was performed, and a clinical pilot study was planned. With continuation of this work as outlined at the end of this thesis, the novel techniques described here have the potential to improve the standard of care in their respective indications.
Performing Voice
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Pfau
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Stimme
subject: Musik
subject: Interpretation
subject: 780 - Musik
subject: 792 - Theater, Tanz

description: Das enorme Potential der menschlichen Stimme in Neuer und zeitgenössischer Musik ist Gegenstand von «Performing Voice». Vokalästhetische und vokaltechnische Entwicklungen werden hier aus multiplen Perspektiven u.a. der Musikwissenschaft, Komposition, Interpretation, Tanz- und Theaterwissenschaft erschlossen. Dabei werden Aspekte des Performativen, der Autorschaft, des «rituellen» Rahmens vokaler Inszenierung sowie der Präsenz und Abwesenheit von Stimme ebenso thematisiert wie kompositionsästhetische und auührungspraktische Konzepte. Mit Beiträgen von Thomas Ahrend, Thomas Seedorf, Anne-May Krüger, Wolfgang Gratzer, Leo Dick, Stefan Drees, Margarethe Maierhofer-Lischka, Tom Rojo Poller, Tassilo Tesche, Evan Johnson und Christina Thurner.
Tamiflu - Molecule of the Month July 2006 [Archived version]
Creators: name: Campbell, Emily
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This is the Molecule of the Month entry for July 2006 about tamiflu. It is a pdf archive version of the HTML webpage.
MOESM1 of SCRaMbLE generates evolved yeasts with increased alkali tolerance
Creators: name: Ma, Lu
name: Li, Yunxiang
name: Chen, Xinyu
name: Ding, Mingzhu
name: Wu, Yi
name: Yuan, Ying-Jin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Stress tolerance of SCRaMbLEd strains. SCRaMbLEd strains were tested under various stressful conditions (YPD medium at 30 °C, YPD medium at 37 °C, YPD medium at 39 °C, YP medium with 20 g/L Xylose, YPD medium with 1.5 M Sorbitol and YP medium with 20 g/L Galactose). The growth of SCRaMbLEd strains was evaluated based on serial dilution. Two independent experiments were performed. Figure S2. PCRTag analysis of SCRaMbLEd strains. PCRTag analysis indicated deletion of YEL060C in strain yML013, deletions of YER161C and YER163C in strain yML015, deletions of YEL060C, YER161C, YER163C and YER175C in strain yML077, deletions of YER091C, YER161C and YER163C in yML099. No PCRTags were deleted in yML011 and yML110. SynV strain was used as a control strain. All PCRTag primers were listed in Table S1. Figure S3. Sequencing depth of synthetic chromosome V in yML008. Deep sequencing coverage of yML008 revealed four deletions (an intergenic sequence between YEL013W and YEL012W, YER042W, YER161C-YER164W and YER182W). Figure S4. Sequencing depth of synthetic chromosome V in yML011. Deep sequencing coverage revealed no synthetic fragments deleted in yML011. Figure S5. Sequencing depth of synthetic chromosomes in yML013. a Deep sequencing coverage of synthetic chromosome V in yML013 revealed a deletion of YEL060C. b Deep sequencing coverage revealed no synthetic fragments deleted in synthetic chromosome X in yML013. Figure S6. Sequencing depth of synthetic chromosomes in yML015. a Deep sequencing coverage of synthetic chromosome V in yML015 revealed a deletion of YER161C-YER164W. b Deep sequencing coverage revealed no synthetic fragments deleted in synthetic chromosome X in yML015. Figure S7. Sequencing depth of synthetic chromosome V in yML098. Deep sequencing coverage of yML098 revealed five deletions (YEL060C, an intergenic sequence between YER032W and YEL033C, YER161C-YER164W, YER175C-YER176W, and YER180C-A). Figure S8. Sequencing depth of synthetic chromosome V in yML099. Deep sequencing coverage of yML099 revealed three deletions (YER091C-YER092W, YER134C-YER135C, YER161C-YER164W) and one duplication (YER132C-YER133W). Figure S9. Sequencing depth of synthetic chromosome V in yML110. Deep sequencing coverage revealed no synthetic fragments deleted in yML110. Table S1. Primers used in this study.
The biology of the CAK complex and a functional analysis of its role in cancer
Creators: name: Delaney, Sean
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Deregulation of normal CDK activity can lead to cell transformation through enhanced growth signalling. CDKs are therefore attractive drug targets but the propensity for CDKs to functionally compensate as a failsafe mechanism makes selecting the most efficient CDK to inhibit a difficult task. Many drugs aimed at inhibiting CDK action are non-selective, eliciting pleiotropic effects and therefore a more selective approach may be advantageous. Given its dual importance in both the cell cycle and transcription, CDK7 has recently become the focus for drug development. Previous work from the group has identified a CDK7-specific small molecule inhibitor, named BS181, which inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. A second compound, named BS194, is a selective inhibitor of CDK1, CDK2, CDK5 and CDK9. siRNA-mediated knockdown of each component of the CAK complex was undertaken in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells and verified by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Cell cycle FACS analysis showed an increase in apoptosis when CDK7, cyclin H or MAT1 were knocked-down. Western blotting revealed a curious relationship between each member of the CAK complex; knockdown of any one component of the CAK complex resulted in a reduction in levels of the other components. As these effects were not observed at the mRNA level, these findings are indicative of ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation. Finally, a gene expression microarray was performed on RNA preparations made from HCT116 cells treated with BS181 or BS194. It is clear that the two inhibitors elicit their effects in subtly different ways leading to distinct genes and pathways being perturbed. Although p53 signalling is a common theme, it appears that at the concentrations used, the two agents modulate this axis with different kinetics. I conclude that, contrary to the potential advantages of selectively inhibiting CAK, pan-inhibition with an agent capable of targeting several CDKs may prove more efficacious in cancer therapy.
A Promise Remains: A Study of Promise in the Epistle to the Hebrews
Creators: name: Stevens, Daniel
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Epistle to the Hebrews
Hebrews
New Testament
Promise
Theology of Promise
New Testament Theology

description: Despite receiving little direct attention, the theme of promise often features in scholars’ discussions of the central themes of the Epistle to the Hebrews, with some even asserting that promise is the foundational motif of the entire work. However, the way in which the author of Hebrews portrays divine promises and uses them to contribute to the structure of his theology has not yet been satisfactorily described. What the author means by promise, how promise relates to other types of divine commitments, and the content and timing of the promise’s fulfilment all need clarification and more precise attention. Through an exegesis of the relevant passages of Hebrews, this thesis provides a new reading of promise in Hebrews. After an exegesis of the epistle, I then describe Hebrews’ overall theology of promise. I argue that, unlike in previous analyses, rest is not the primary content of promise, nor is it the primary lens through which the other instances of promise language should be understood. On the contrary, I argue that the promise is most closely associated with the benefits promised to Abraham, and then mediated through the various subsequent covenants. Further, while previous studies have left it unclear how the divine promise relates to both the Old and New Covenants, I argue that Hebrews develops a view of salvation history in which covenants are founded upon promises and then bring those promises to fruition. This is true of both the Old and New Covenants, though in different ways. I then demonstrate the ways in which this understanding of promise sheds light on the author’s hermeneutic and on his method of achieving his hortatory purposes for the epistle. Finally, I conclude by re-asserting the consistency of the author’s thought regarding promise and by addressing questions raised by earlier studies of this theme.
description: Gates Cambridge Trust
Insulin - Molecule of the Month July 2010 [Archived version]
Creators: name: Kyriakou, Maria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This is the Molecule of the Month entry for July 2010 about insulin. It is a pdf archive version of the HTML webpage.
The Language of Collapsing Power: A Cognitive-Lingusitic Critical Discourse Analysis of the Arab Spring Speeches of Mubarak
Creators: name: Maziad, Mohyi Eldeen
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Critical Discourse Analysis
Cognitive Pragmatics
Arabic Discourse Analysis
Arab Spring
Speeches of Mubarak
language of Politics
Middle Eastern Studies

description: This thesis problematizes how power was represented, marked, negotiated, then stripped down, in the speeches delivered by the ousted Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak, during the Arab Spring Revolution in Egypt. Seven linguistic, paralinguistic, cognitive-linguistic, argumentative, and multimodal features have been investigated and triangulated systematically as markers of power: deixis, presupposition, frames, hidden dialogicality, logical fallacies, stumbles, and backdrops. The thesis is organized into seven chapters, in addition to an introduction and a conclusion. The first chapter lays necessary theoretical foundations and proceduralizes core methodological operationalisations. The second, third, and fourth chapters investigate the first, second, and third speeches of Mubarak, respectively. Within that context, Chapter Two introduces the new pragmatic concept of Classifying WE, which accounts for the ‘problematic’ behaviour of the political pronoun WE pragmatically, by not considering it a random, contradictory, flat, circular construct, as the ‘Wandering WE’ (Petersoo 2007) argues, but as a strategic, systematic, complex, hierarchical structure that encodes sets of multiple referents and social actors, ranked at varying levels of power or submission and inclusion or exclusion. Chapter Five introduces the new pragmatic notion of Nested Presuppositions (NestPs), which characterises the discourse of Mubarak, and develops a relevance-theoretic model that explains its manipulative information structures and cognitive processing dynamics. Chapter Six compares the three speeches intertextually, on the afore-mentioned five levels, and contrasts Mubarak’s language of power, i.e. his pre-Arab Spring discourse, with his language of collapsing power, i.e. his Arab Spring speeches. Chapter Seven problematizes power as control and traces the mechanisms of text, context, and mind control exercised by Mubarak, in an attempt to develop a typology of his language of collapsing power. This thesis has attempted to add three theoretical and methodological contributions to knowledge: it has established a transdisciplinary, harmonious, and fruitful dialogue among disciplines that have long been considered discordant, i.e. Cognitive Linguistics, Critical Discourse Analysis, and Argumentation (Heart 2011: 174; Nunez-Perucha 2011: 97-100), and has introduced the two new cognitive-pragmatic notions of Classifying WE and Nested Presuppositions, which have so far been applied successfully to two other corpora of presidential speeches, proving that both concepts can be nominated as global analytical tools in Cognitive Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis.
title: Der Erlanger Index (EI): Ein einfaches Assessment-Tool zur Prädiktion von funktionellem Outcome und Mortalität nach urologischen Tumoroperationen bei alten Patienten
Creators: name: Kahlmeyer, A.
name: Brammertz, L.
name: Müller, M.
name: Kraulich, M.
name: Brendel-Suchanek, J.
name: Kunath, F.
name: Wach, S.
name: Goebell, P. J.
name: Ritt, M.
name: Gassmann, K.-G.
name: Wullich, B.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung: Große uroonkologische Operationen stellen für alte Patienten ein erhebliches Risiko dauerhafter Abhängigkeit von Pflege sowie ein erhöhtes peri- und postoperatives Mortalitätsrisiko dar. Als einfaches Tool wurde der Erlanger Index (EI) zur Prädiktion des [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 46. Gemeinsame Tagung der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie
Rotenone - Molecule of the Month January 2004 [Archived version]
Creators: name: Castrique, Emma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This is the Molecule of the Month entry for January 2004 about rotenone. It is a pdf archive version of the HTML webpage.
Cyanoacrylate - Molecule of the Month July 2009 [Archived version]
Creators: name: Sarwat Baig
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This is the Molecule of the Month entry for July 2009 about cyanoacrylate. It is a pdf archive version of the HTML webpage.
Development of a new, minimally invasive, full thickness excision technique for early colonic neoplasia
Creators: name: Brigic, Adela
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Introduction of bowel cancer screening programmes internationally has resulted in a significant shift in diagnosis towards early stage disease. In addition, the number of patients diagnosed with complex benign colorectal polyps is increasing. Advanced endoscopic techniques including endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) as well as transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEMS) are being increasingly utilised for excision of early rectal neoplasia. An equivalent surgical technique is currently not available for colonic lesions, and endoscopic techniques are associated with a high risk of complications such as bleeding, perforation and recurrence than in the rectum. Hemicolectomy with en bloc mesenteric excision remains the gold standard treatment for patients with early, node negative colon cancer and large colonic polyps. Even when performed laparoscopically within an enhanced recovery protocol, problems such as death, anastomotic leakage and other complications occurring in up to 40% of patients make colectomy a morbid intervention. The introduction to this thesis reviews the literature on the development and staging of colorectal cancer as well as currently available endoscopic and surgical techniques. In order to improve our understanding of the morbidity associated with hemicolectomy for the treatment of benign colonic polyps, two studies examined short term outcomes after surgery. The results suggest similar 30-day outcomes to those after cancer resection. In addition, a two-part study was designed to assess bowel function and related quality of life in patients who underwent hemicolectomy for colonic neoplasia, a subject that is poorly documented in the literature. As an introduction to the laboratory work, a systematic review of endoscopic full thickness excision techniques is presented. The final three chapters of the thesis describe ex-vivo development and outcome data after a porcine survival study of a laparo-endoscopic excision technique for colonic lesions as a potential alternative to hemicolectomy.