cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efecto de la política fiscal en un modelo de equilibrio general dinámico con sector informal: una aplicación para Colombia
Creators: name: Garcia-Suaza, Andres
name: Gómez Ospina, Mónica Alexandra
name: Jaramillo, Fernando
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2013

description: El presente trabajo estudia el efecto de la política fiscal sobre el empleo y la producción de los sectores formales e informales. En particular, se estudia cuáles tipos de impuestos son más eficientes para financiar el gasto público, en el contexto de una economía con un sector informal importante. El modelo puede ser usado para evaluar el efecto de políticas fiscales tendientes a reducir el tamaño del sector informal, como la recientemente adoptada en Colombia. En este artículo se presenta un modelo dinámico con acumulación de capital y presencia del sector informal, con el fin de cuantificar el efecto de cambios en la política fiscal en un país con un sector informal importante, como Colombia. Para esto, se le introduce desempleo e informalidad a un modelo dinámico de crecimiento a la Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans con impuestos al consumo, al trabajo y al capital. A partir de esta estructura se construye un modelo Dinámico Estocástico de Equilibrio General (DSGE por sus siglas en inglés) con fricciones en el mercado de trabajo a la Mortensen y Pissarides (1994) y con dos sectores productivos: el formal y el informal. Los resultados de los ejercicios confirman los resultados encontrados por Stiglitz en un modelo estático, en el sentido que el impuesto al consumo no necesariamente es más eficiente que otros impuestos que en la literatura tradicional son distorsionantes.
Evidence of induced innovation in US Sectoral Capital’s Shares
Creators: name: Garcia-Suaza, Andres
name: Zuleta, Hernando
name: Young, Andrew T.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2010

description: We use annual data on capital’s share and relative factor prices from 35 US industries from 1960 to 2005 to test the induced innovation hypothesis. We derive, from a production function framework, testable implications for the effect of contemporaneous and lagged factor price ratios on capital’s share of production. The predicted effect is positive or negative depending on the elasticity of substitution between labor and capital. From panel regressions, the estimated effect of the contemporaneous factor price ratio implies an elasticity of substitution that is less than unity, consistent with the consensus from the literature. Based on this, our negative estimated effects for lagged price ratios are both statistically significant and consistent with the induced innovation hypothesis.
Is [Rural] Property Tax Relevant?
Creators: name: Villaveces-Niño, Marta-Juanita
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2015

description: The present document presents the general notions and the definition of property taxation and, as part of it, the working definition of rural property taxation emphasizing that property taxation is a matter of “property” and rural property taxation is linked with rural property, specifically with land ownership. In addition, the documentpresents some facts about the performance of property taxation based on a secondary source of cross-country analysis. In order to give a definition of rural property tax,I will explain the logic of taxation linked to property and then present the nature and logic behind property taxation in theory.
Hitos del conflicto y riesgo país
Creators: name: Castañeda, Andrés
name: Vargas, Juan F.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2014

description: Este trabajo estudia el efecto que tienen los hitos recientes del conflicto armado en el riesgo país de Colombia. Para este fin se utilizan las permutas de incumplimiento crediticio, más conocidas en el mundo de las finanzas por su nombre y sigla en inglés: Credit Default Swaps, CDS. Estos instrumentos financieros son en la práctica seguros de riesgo soberano y por lo tanto su precio refleja la percepción del mercado acerca de la probabilidad de repudio de la deuda soberana. El trabajo evalúa el componente no explicado del precio del CDS colombiano en los días posteriores a cada hito del conflicto armado, y lo contrasta con el componente no explicado de un precio contrafactual sintético, construido con base en los CDS de otros países de la región.
International propagation of shocks: an evaluation of contagion effects for some Latin American countries
Creators: name: Martínez, Constanza
name: Ramírez Gómez, Manuel
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2009

description: In this paper we analyze the spread of shocks across assets markets in eight Latin American countries. First, we measure the extent of markets reactions with the Principal Components Analysis. And second, we investigate the volatility of assets markets based in ARCH-GARCH models in function of the principal components retained in the first stage. Our results do not support the existence of financial contagion, but of interdependence in most of the cases and a slight increase in the sensibility of markets to recent shocks.
Tendencias históricas y regionales de la adjudicación de baldíos en Colombia
Creators: name: Sánchez, Fabio
name: Villaveces-Niño, Marta-Juanita
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2015

description: El presente documento hace una revisión de la política de reforma agraria en Colombiadesde principios del siglo XX hasta 2012, caracterizada por la adjudicación de baldíos acampesinos. En este documento, se busca dar cuenta de la magnitud e importancia de esta política pública que ha perdurado a lo largo del tiempo y con una dinámica continua desde sus inicios, con el fin de aportar a la amplia literatura sobre reforma agraria en Colombia que, si bien analiza las tensiones propias de esta política no cuenta con datos desagregados del comportamiento de la política para más de un siglo. Igualmente se hace un recorrido regional que evidencia la dinámica de la reforma agraria en diferentes regiones a lo largo del tiempo.
The persistent colombian conflict bubnational analysis of the duration of violence
Creators: name: Vargas, Juan F.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: The growing empirical literature on the analysis of civil war has recently included the study of conflict duration at the cross-country level. This paper presents, for the first time, a within-country analysis of the determinants of violence duration. I focus on the experience of the Colombian armed conflict. While the conflict has been active for about five decades, local violence ebbs and flows and areas experiencing continuous conflict coexist with places that have been able to resile and where violence is mostly absent. I examine a wide range of factors potentially associated with violence duration at the municipal level, including scale variables, geographical conditions, economic and social variables, institutions and state presence, inequality, government intervention, and victimization variables. I characterize a few variables robustly correlated with the persistence of localized conflict, both across specifications and using different econometric models of duration analysis.
Seguridad democrática, presencia de la policía y conflicto en Colombia
Creators: name: Hincapié, Laura
name: Franco, María del Rosario
name: Vargas, Juan F.
name: Cortes, Darwin
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2011

description: Este artículo evalúa uno de los componentes fundamentales de la política más icónica del gobierno de Álvaro Uribe: la ´ Seguridad Democrática. En particular, se evalúa el impacto sobre la intensidad del conflicto armado de los despliegues y refuerzos de policía en municipios con poca o nula presencia policial antes de agosto de 2002. Para ello se utiliza el estimador de diferencia en diferencias que compara el cambio en la dinámica del conflicto una vez se asignan los nuevos efectivos a los municipios receptores, relativo al cambio ocurrido simultáneamente en los municipios no receptores. Nuestros resultados sugieren que tanto los despliegues (instauración de inspecciones de policía en municipios que carecían de ´estas) como los refuerzos (envío de nuevos efectivos a municipios con poca presencia policial previa) generan incrementos en el número de ataques guerrilleros. Por otro lado, también hay evidencia que en los casos en los que la asignación de efectivos policiales estuvo acompañada de la movilización de tropas del ejército el conflicto disminuyó en las áreas afectadas, lo que sugiere que la coordinación de las fuerzas armadas resulta clave para el éxito de iniciativas regionales de seguridad.
ผลของการใช้แนวปฏิบัติในการถอดท่อช่วยหายใจต่ออัตราความสำเร็จในการถอดท่อช่วยหายใจ และความพึงพอใจของพยาบาลในการใช้แนวปฏิบัติ
Creators: name: ทองเปลว ชมจันทร์
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยรังสิต
Year: 2563
Subjects: แนวปฏิบัติในการถอดท่อช่วยหายใจ, อัตราความสำเร็จในการถอดท่อช่วยหายใจ, ความพึงพอใจของพยาบาล

description: วารสารการพยาบาลและสุขภาพ สสอท., 2, 1, 58-76
Seasons, savings and GDP
Creators: name: Zuleta, Hernando
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: The industrial revolution and the subsequent industrialization of the economies occurred Orst in temperate regions. We argue that this and the associated positive correlation between absolute latitude and GDP per capita is due to the fact that countries located far from the equator suffered more profound seasonal auctuations in climate, namely stronger and longer winters. We propose a growth model of biased innovations that accounts for these facts and show that countries located in temperate regions were more likely to create or adopt capital intensive modes of production. The intuition behind this result is that savings are used to smooth consumption; therefore, in places where output auctuations are more profound, savings are bigger. Because the incentives to innovate depend on the relative supply factors, economies where savings are bigger are more likely to create or adopt capital intensive technologies.
Design, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Thienopyrimidines and Triazolothienopyrimidines
Creators: name: Mahmoud, Mahmoud R.
name: El-Azm, Fatma S. M. Abu
name: Ali, Amira T.
name: Yasmeen M. Ali
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biochemistry

description: 2-Cyanoacetohydrazide and 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene derivatives were exploited as starting materials for the syntheses of novel thienopyrimidines and triazolothienopyrimidines. The proclivity of these compounds towards one carbon donor reagents such as carbon disulfide, phenyl isothiocyanate, and aromatic aldehydes was investigated. The structures of all synthesized compounds were ascertained by spectral and analytical data. The antimicrobial activity of the target synthesized compounds was tested against various microorganisms.
The cyclical behavior of bank capital buffers in an emerging economy: size do matters
Creators: name: Tenjo-Galarza, Fernando
name: Murcia-Pabón, Andrés
name: Gómez-González, José E.
name: Garcia-Suaza, Andres
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Using a panel of Colombian banks and quarterly data between 1996:1 and 2010:3, we study the relationship between short-run adjustemnts in bank capital buffers and the business cycle. We follow a partial adjustment framework and control for several variables that have been identified as important determinants of bank capital buffers in previous studies, and find that bank capital buffers vary over the business cycle. We are able to identify a negative co-movement of capital buffers and and the business cycle. However, we also find that capital buffers of small and large banks behave asymmetrically during the business cycle. While the former appear to be constant over time, once the appropriate set of control variables is used, the latter present a countercyclical behavior. Our results suggest the possible need of the implementation of regulatory policy measures in developing countries
Organic PM Emissions from Vehicles: Composition, O/C Ratio, and Dependence on PM Concentration
Creators: name: Collier, Sonya
name: Zhou, Shan
name: Kuwayama, Toshihiro
name: Forestieri, Sara
name: Brady, James
name: Zhang, Mang
name: Kleeman, Michael
name: Cappa, Christopher
name: Bertram, Timothy
name: Zhang, Qi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology

description: A suite of real-time instruments was used to sample vehicle emissions at the California Air Resources Board Haagen-Smit facility. Eight on-road, spark-ignition gasoline and three alternative vehicles were tested on a chassis dynamometer and the emissions were diluted to atmospherically relevant concentrations (0.5–30 μg/m3). An Aerodyne high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-MS) characterized the real-time behavior of the nonrefractory organic and inorganic particulate matter (PM) in vehicle emissions. It was found that the emission of particulate organic matter (POM) was strongly affected by engine temperature and engine load and that the emission concentrations could vary significantly by vehicle. Despite the small sample size, consistent trends in chemical characteristics were observed. The composition of vehicle POM was found to be related to overall PM mass concentration where the oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratio tended to increase at lower concentration and had an average value of 0.057 ± 0.047, with a range from 0.022 to 0.15. The corresponding fraction of particle-phase CO2+, or f44, ranged from 1.1% to 8.6% (average = 2.1%) and exhibited a linear variation with O/C. The average mass spectrum from all vehicles tested was also compared to those of hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) observed in ambient air and the agreement is very high. The results of these tests offer the vehicle emissions community a first glimpse at the real-time chemical composition and variation of vehicle PM emissions for a variety of conditions and vehicle types at atmospherically relevant conditions and without chemical interferences from other primary or secondary aerosol sources. Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research
The balassa-samuelson hypothesis and elderly migration
Creators: name: Rodríguez Acosta, Mauricio
name: Ávila Montealegre, Oscar Iván
name: Zuleta, Hernando
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2009

description: We present an Overlapping Generations Model with two final goods: tradable goods are produced with a standard Cobb-Douglas production function and non-tradable goods are produced with linear production function where the only factor is labor. We maintain the fundamental assumption of factor mobility between sectors so model is consistent with the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis. Given the general equilibrium structure of our model we can examine the effect of the saving rate on migration and non-tradable relative prices. Under this setting, we find that the elderly have incentives to migrate from economies where productivity is high to economies with low productivity because of the lower cost of living. In more general terms the elderly migration is likely to go from rich to poor countries. We also find that, for poor countries, the elderly migration has a positive effect in wages and capital accumulation.
Do more decentralized local governments do better? an evaluation of the 2001 decentralization reform in Colombia
Creators: name: Cortes, Darwin
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2010

description: In this paper I evaluate the impact of the 2001 decentralization reform in Colombia. I use data from Colombia's municipalities. I look at the effect of the 2001 reform on enrolment in pre-college schools. While all municipalities received earnmarked national transfers, withthe reform some of then now have more responsabilities to provide education (deeper decen-tralization) than others. Particulary important, the reform entitle the more decentralizedmunicipalities to sign subsidy contracts with private school. Departments (the regional gov-ernments) are entitle to sign this type of contracts for the less decentralized municipalities.Since the rule for municipalities to receive more responsabilities follows and exogenous popu-lation threshold, I can implement Regression Discontinuity Design. Enrolment is measuredthrough two variables: the number of students enroled in public schools and the number of subsidized students enroled in private schools. Results sugest that more decentralized mu-nicipalities subsidize more students in private schools. The difference is significant at all thelevels of pre-college school for the period 2004-2006. In 2005, the difference accounts for20% of enrolment in private schools and 3% of population of school age. Besides, there are not significant differences among municipalities regarding enrolment in public schools.
Efectividad estimada de algunos de los principales instrumentos de política agrícola en Colombia
Creators: name: Arguello, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2012

description: Algunos cambios recientes en la política agrícola en Colombia se han orientado hacia la implementación de medidas de apoyo directo a los productores, con el fin de proteger su ingreso y fomentar una mayor competitividad del sector. No obstante, estimaciones acerca del impacto esperado de este tipo de instrumentos, medido en términos de cambios en el valor agregado, indican que este es reducido. Como quiera que la política emplea diferentes instrumentos para el logro de sus objetivos, surge la pregunta de cuál es el grado de dependencia que los resultados esperados presentan respecto a la forma como los recursos son asignados a dichos instrumentos. Este estudio utiliza un modelo de equilibrio general computable para explorar este problema, para un conjunto de tres de los principales instrumentos de política utilizados en la actualidad, en un contexto de corto plazo. Los resultados indican que, en presencia de rigideces de corto plazo y, en particular, de inmovilidad del capital entre actividades productivas, todos los instrumentos de política llevan a la obtención de resultados modestos y que, en un escenario de mediano y largo plazo, el comportamiento de la inversión parece ser crítico para la obtención de impactos más significativos y para el logro de los objetivos de política buscados.
Perfil Morfofuncional em Idosos Fisicamente ativos
Creators: name: Neto, Francisco Holanda Cavalcante
name: Hudday Mendes Da Silva
name: Araújo, Lucas Anselmo De
name: Ferreira, Ana Charline Dantas
name: Jônatas De França Barros
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014

description: Trabalho apresentado em Congresso.
El perfil de la informalidad laboral en Colombia
Creators: name: Rodríguez Acosta, Mauricio
name: Garcia-Suaza, Andres
name: Guataquí, Juan
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Este documento analiza el proceso de implementación del concepto de informalidad en el análisis del mercado laboral colombiano. A la luz de dicho concepto, abordamos la evolución de la informalidad laboral en Colombia, sus principales componentes y características. Utilizando información de la Encuesta de Hogares GEIH-DANE 2010 contrastamos la tasa de informalidad y su composición, generadas por la definición DANE-PREALC, contra dos definiciones (débil y fuerte), siendo esta última semejante a la sugerida por la CIET-Delhi. Nuestros resultados muestran que si bien la tasa de informalidad no parece modificarse en términos de su valor, su composición interna adquiere interesantes patrones, en su mayor parte derivados del hecho de que la definición CIET-Delhi enfatiza el análisis de la informalidad en el puesto de trabajo por encima del de informalidad por tamaño de establecimiento. Estas características plantean importantes cuestionamientos a la forma en que las políticas públicas han enfrentado la informalidad laboral en Colombia.
Controlling regional monopolies in the natural gas industry: the role of transport capacity
Creators: name: Gasmi, Farid
name: Oviedo, Juan
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: This paper analyzes some optimal fiscal, pricing, and capacity investment policies for controlling regional monopoly power in the natural gas industry. By letting the set of control instruments available to the social planner vary, we provide a characterization of the technological and demand conditions under which “excess” capacity in the transport network arises in response to the loss of the two other control instruments, namely, transfers and pricing. Hence, the analysis yields some insights on an economy’s incentives to invest in infrastructures for the purpose of integrating geographically isolated markets.
Organic PM Emissions from Vehicles: Composition, O/C Ratio, and Dependence on PM Concentration
Creators: name: Collier, Sonya
name: Zhou, Shan
name: Kuwayama, Toshihiro
name: Forestieri, Sara
name: Brady, James
name: Zhang, Mang
name: Kleeman, Michael
name: Cappa, Christopher
name: Bertram, Timothy
name: Zhang, Qi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: A suite of real-time instruments was used to sample vehicle emissions at the California Air Resources Board Haagen-Smit facility. Eight on-road, spark-ignition gasoline and three alternative vehicles were tested on a chassis dynamometer and the emissions were diluted to atmospherically relevant concentrations (0.5–30 μg/m3). An Aerodyne high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-MS) characterized the real-time behavior of the nonrefractory organic and inorganic particulate matter (PM) in vehicle emissions. It was found that the emission of particulate organic matter (POM) was strongly affected by engine temperature and engine load and that the emission concentrations could vary significantly by vehicle. Despite the small sample size, consistent trends in chemical characteristics were observed. The composition of vehicle POM was found to be related to overall PM mass concentration where the oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratio tended to increase at lower concentration and had an average value of 0.057 ± 0.047, with a range from 0.022 to 0.15. The corresponding fraction of particle-phase CO2+, or f44, ranged from 1.1% to 8.6% (average = 2.1%) and exhibited a linear variation with O/C. The average mass spectrum from all vehicles tested was also compared to those of hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) observed in ambient air and the agreement is very high. The results of these tests offer the vehicle emissions community a first glimpse at the real-time chemical composition and variation of vehicle PM emissions for a variety of conditions and vehicle types at atmospherically relevant conditions and without chemical interferences from other primary or secondary aerosol sources.Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research
El consumo de los hogares colombianos, 2006-2007: estimación de sistemas de demanda
Creators: name: Pérez, Jorge Eduardo
name: Cortes, Darwin
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2015

description: Utilizando datos a nivel de hogares de la Encuesta de Ingresos y Gastos 2006-007, presentamos nuevas estimaciones de sistemas de demanda para Colombia.Estimamos tres diferentes especificaciones de sistemas de demanda, a saber, elSistema Lineal de Gastos (LES), el Sistema Lineal de Gastos Extendido (ELES) yel Sistema Cuasi-Ideal de Demanda (AIDS). También calculamos valores de elas-ticidades gasto, ingreso y precio para diferentes grupos de bienes. Encontramosque la elasticidad gasto de los alimentos se ha mantenido estable a través deltiempo alrededor de 0.77. Por su parte, el vestuario ha dejado de ser un de biende lujo para volverse un bien de elasticidad gasto unitaria. Finalmente, la saludy la educación siguen siendo bienes de lujo, pero sus elasticidades gasto hancaıdo a través es del tiempo.
Fertility and schooling : how this relation changed between 1995 and 2005 in Colombia
Creators: name: Gamboa Niño, Luis Fernando
name: Forero Ramírez, Nohora Yulieth
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: En este trabajo se pretende evaluar la existencia de cambios en la relación entre fecundidad y escolaridad en Colombia para mujeres de 30 a 40 años de edad entre 1995 y 2005. Para tal efecto se utilizan modelos de Poisson sobre la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud 1995 y 2005. Se encuentra una reducción en la fecundidad durante el periodo y su relación inversa con la escolaridad, que puede ser explicada por el efecto de la educación sobre otras variables como el incremento en el conocimiento sobre los programas de control natal. Se encuentra además que el efecto de culminar un nivel educativo sobre la fecundidad es mayor en 2005 que en 1995. De otro lado, se encuentra que las diferencias entre zonas urbanas y rurales son significativas en la explicación de la fecundidad en Colombia durante la última década.
An approximation to the informal-formal wage gap in Colombia 2008-2012
Creators: name: Gamboa Niño, Luis Fernando
name: Daza, Nancy
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2013

description: This document provides recent evidence about the persistency of wage gaps between formal and informal workers in Colombia by using a non-parametric method proposed by Ñopo (2008a). Over a rich dataset at a household level during 2008-2012, it is found that formal workers earn between 30 to 60 percent more, on average, than informal workers. Despite of the formality definition - structuralist or institucionalist- adopted, it is clear that formal workers have more economic advantages than informal ones, but after controlling by demographic and labor variables an important fraction of the gap still remains unexplained.
Teorías y algunas experiencias internacionales en el financiamiento de la educación superior: lecciones para Colombia
Creators: name: Bardey, David
name: Forero Ramírez, Nohora Yulieth
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2008

description: Se analizan diferentes alternativas para la financiación de la educación superior,teniendo en cuenta que la presencia de fallas de mercado -tanto por el lado de lademanda como por el de la oferta- hace de éste un sector muy particular. Las primerasse relacionan con las decisiones privadas en términos de educación de la poblaciónestudiantil, y las segundas con las asimetrías de información que caracterizan el lado dela oferta en el financiamiento de la educación. El documento hace una revisión deliteratura académica y de algunas experiencias internacionales sobre las diferentesfuentes de financiación en este sector, así como sus potenciales efectos sobre ciertasvariables. Así, esta revisión arroja luces sobre las alternativas para el caso Colombiano.
The design of optimal education policies when individuals differ in inherited wealth and ability
Creators: name: Maldonado, Dario
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: In this paper I consider the role of education poli-cies in redistribution of income when individuals differ in two aspects: ability and inherited wealth. I discuss the extent to which the rules that emerge in unidimensional settings apply also in the bidimen-sional setting considered in this paper. The main conclusion is that, subject to some qualifi cations, the same type of rules that determine optimal education policies when only ability heterogeneity is considered apply to the case where both parameters of heterogeneity are considered. The qualifi cations pertain to the implementation of the optimal alloca-tion of resources to education and not the way the optimal allocations fi rst- and second-best differ.
Efectos de la reforma laboral: ¿más trabajo y menos empleos?
Creators: name: Guataquí, Juan
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2009

description: La Reforma Laboral de 2002 apuntó a dos objetivos específicos: implementación de mecanismos de protección social y flexibilización laboral. En este documento se analizan algunos de sus efectos haciendo énfasis en la variación de las modalidades de contratación, los cambios en las horas de trabajo demandadas y los efectos en la duración del desempleo. De este análisis se concluye que la Reforma tuvo un efecto intensivo en generar mayor demanda de horas de trabajo pero que sólo tuvo un efecto marginal en la generación de empleo. Por otra parte, la duración del desempleo se redujo en el agregado.
Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?
Creators: name: Vargas, Juan F.
name: Blanco, Mariana
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2013

description: Low take up of stigma-free social benefits is often blamed on information asymmetries or administrative barriers. There is limited evidence on which of these potential channels is more salient in which contexts. We designed and implemented a randomized controlled trial to assess the extent to which informational barriers are responsible for the prevalent low take-up of government benefits among Colombian conflict-driven internal refugees. We provide timely information on benefits eligibility via SMS to a random half of the displaced household that migrated to Bogot´a over a 6-month period. We show that improving information increases benefits’ take up. However, the effect is small and only true for certain type of benefits. Hence, consistent with previous experimental literature, the availability of timely information explains only part of the low-take up rates and the role of administrative barriers and bureaucratic processes should be tackled to increase the well-being of internal refugees in Colombia.
The politics of resource booms
Creators: name: De Luca, Giacomo
name: Mahmud, Ahmed-Saber
name: Vargas, Juan F.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: This paper develops a simple model to investigate how resource-driven economic booms shape the equilibrium political institutions of resource-rich societies and influence the likelihood of experiencing civil war. In our model a strong government apparatus favors property rights protection but also makes the state more powerful and hence may induce predatory autocratic regimes over democracy. We characterize the parameter space of each political outcome in terms of the type of the available natural resources. Economic booms based on resources that are privately exploited empower the citizens and tend to ease democratic transitions. In contrast, booms based on resources exploited by the state tend to favor more dictatorial regimes. Finally, economic booms based on resources that can be exploited either by the state or by private citizens incite preemptive actions by both parties that may result in civil war. We discuss the predictions of the model using historical and contemporary examples.
A simple test of momentum in foreign exchange markets
Creators: name: Gómez González, Juan Eduardo
name: Garcia-Suaza, Andres
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2011

description: This study proposes a new method for testing for the presence of momentum in nominal exchange rates, using a probabilistic approach. We illustrate our methodology estimating a binary response model using information on local currency / US dollar exchange rates of eight emerging economies. After controlling for important variables a§ecting the behavior of exchange rates in the short-run, we show evidence of exchange rate inertia; in other words, we Önd that exchange rate momentum is a common feature in this group of emerging economies, and thus foreign exchange traders participating in these markets are able to make excess returns by following technical analysis strategies. We Önd that the presence of momentum is asymmetric, being stronger in moments of currency depreciation than of appreciation. This behavior may be associated with central bank intervention
Applying the approximation method PAINT and the interactive method NIMBUS to the multiobjective optimization of operating a wastewater treatment plant
Creators: name: Hartikainen, Markus E.
name: Ojalehto, Vesa
name: Sahlstedt, Kristian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Information and Computing Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biochemistry

description: Using an interactive multiobjective optimization method called NIMBUS and an approximation method called PAINT, preferable solutions to a five-objective problem of operating a wastewater treatment plant are found. The decision maker giving preference information is an expert in wastewater treatment plant design at the engineering company Pöyry Finland Ltd. The wastewater treatment problem is computationally expensive and requires running a simulator to evaluate the values of the objective functions. This often leads to problems with interactive methods as the decision maker may get frustrated while waiting for new solutions to be computed. Thus, a newly developed PAINT method is used to speed up the iterations of the NIMBUS method. The PAINT method interpolates between a given set of Pareto optimal outcomes and constructs a computationally inexpensive mixed integer linear surrogate problem for the original wastewater treatment problem. With the mixed integer surrogate problem, the time required from the decision maker is comparatively short. In addition, a new IND-NIMBUS®PAINT module is developed to allow the smooth interoperability of the NIMBUS method and the PAINT method.
Determinants of demand for antenatal care in Colombia
Creators: name: Vecino Ortiz, Andrés Ignacio
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2007

description: Even though antenatal care is universally regarded as important, determinants of demand for antenatal care have not been widely studied. Evidence concerning which and how socioeconomic conditions influence whether a pregnant woman attends or not at least one antenatal consultation or how these factors affect the absences to antenatal consultations is very limited. In order to generate this evidence, a two-stage analysis was performed with data from the Demographic and Health Survey carried out by Profamilia in Colombia during 2005. The first stage was run as a logit model showing the marginal effects on the probability of attending the first visit and an ordinary least squares model was performed for the second stage. It was found that mothers living in the pacific region as well as young mothers seem to have a lower probability of attending the first visit but these factors are not related to the number of absences to antenatal consultation once the first visit has been achieved. The effect of health insurance was surprising because of the differing effects that the health insurers showed. Some familiar and personal conditions such as willingness to have the last children and number of previous children, demonstrated to be important in the determination of demand. The effect of mother’s educational attainment was proved as important whereas the father’s educational achievement was not. This paper provides some elements for policy making in order to increase the demand inducement of antenatal care, as well as stimulating research on demand for specific issues on health.
Competition in two-sided markets with common network externalities
Creators: name: Lozachmeur, Jean-Marie
name: Cremer, Helmuth
name: Bardey, David
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2009

description: We study competition in two sided markets with common network externality ratherthan with the standard inter-group e¤ects. This type of externality occurs when bothgroups bene t, possibly with di¤erent intensities, from an increase in the size of onegroup and from a decrease in the size of the other. We explain why common externalityis relevant for the health and education sectors. We focus on the symmetric equilibriumand show that when the externality itself satis es an homogeneity condition thenplatforms pro ts and price structure have some speci c properties. Our results revealhow the rents coming from network externalities are shifted by platforms from one sideto other, according to the homogeneity degree. In the speci c but realistic case wherethe common network externality is homogeneous of degree zero, platform s pro t do notdepend on the intensity of the (common) network externality. This is in sharp contrastto conventional results stating that the presence of network externalities in a two-sidedmarket structure increases the intensity of competition when the externality is positive(and decreases it when the externality is negative). Prices are a¤ected but in such away that platforms only transfer rents from consumers to providers.
Choosing the quantitative vs qualitative research approach - 'When' and 'Why' through examples.
Creators: name: Lam, Mary
name: Taraby, Tanija
name: Ginige, Anupama
name: Henderson, Joan
name: Robinson, Kerin
name: Sriraman, Gowri
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022

description: No description supplied
A Novel Anomaly Detection Approach to Secure APIs from Cyberattacks
Creators: name: Ifthikar, Arshardh
name: Thennakoon, Nipun
name: Malalgoda, Sanjeewa
name: Moraliyage, Harsha Kumara
name: Jayawickrama, Thamindu
name: Madushanka, Tiroshan
name: Hettiarachchi, Saman
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 460999
subject: Information systems not elsewhere classified

description: No description supplied
Exploiting the efficacy of Lysinibacillus sp. RGS for decolorization and detoxification of industrial dyes, textile effluent and bioreactor studies
Creators: name: Rijuta G. Saratale
name: Saratale, Ganesh D.
name: Govindwar, Sanjay P.
name: Kim, Dong S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry

description: Complete decolorization and detoxification of Reactive Orange 4 within 5 h (pH 6.6, at 30°C) by isolated Lysinibacillus sp. RGS was observed. Significant reduction in TOC (93%) and COD (90%) was indicative of conversion of complex dye into simple products, which were identified as naphthalene moieties by various analytical techniques (HPLC, FTIR, and GC–MS). Supplementation of agricultural waste extract considered as better option to make the process cost effective. Oxido-reductive enzymes were found to be involved in the degradation mechanism. Finally Loofa immobilized Lysinibacillus sp. cells in a fixed-bed bioreactor showed significant decolorization with reduction in TOC (51 and 64%) and COD (54 and 66%) for synthetic and textile effluent at 30 and 35 mL h−1 feeding rate, respectively. The degraded metabolites showed non-toxic nature revealed by phytotoxicity and photosynthetic pigments content study for Sorghum vulgare and Phaseolus mungo. In addition nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing microbes were less affected in treated wastewater and thus the treated effluent can be used for the irrigation purpose. This work could be useful for the development of efficient and ecofriendly technologies to reduce dye content in the wastewater to permissible levels at affordable cost.
Violence and growth in colombia : a review of the quantitative literature
Creators: name: Riascos, Alvaro
name: Vargas, Juan F.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: This is a critical review of the empirical literature on the relationship between violence and economic growth in Colombia: an interesting case study for social scientists studying violence, conflict, crime and development. We argue that, despite the rapid development of this literature and the increasing use of new techniques, there is still much room for research. After assessing the contribution of the most influential papers on the subject, we suggest directions for future research.
The impact of a permanent Income shock on the situation of women in the household: the case of a pension reform in Argentina
Creators: name: Machado, Matilde-P
name: Mata, Dolores de la
name: Berniell, Inés
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Transfers to women may affect their bargaining power within the household and consequently their well-being. We analyze the effects of the 2004/2005 pension reform in Argentina, that resulted in an unexpected and substantial increase in permanent income for around 1.8 million women, on outcomes arguably related to women’s bargaining power within the household. We estimate the effects of the reform in the probability of divorce/separation, the distribution of household chores, and the probability of women being the head of the household, using a Difference-in-Differences approach. Our results show that despite the low divorce probability among seniors, transfers to senior women have substantial effects on their situation in the household. More specifically, we find that the reform had statistically significant effects on the probability of divorce/separation increasing it by 1.8 − 2.7 percentage points implying an increase of around 18 − 19% on the divorce/separation rate of 60 − 65 year old women. Moreover, the probability of being the head of the household also increased by 2.8−3.3 percentage points representing an increase of 7−19% in the probability amongst women of 60 − 65 years of age. In the case of married women, the probability of being the head of the household increased by 1.3 − 1.5 percentage points, which represents an increase of 20 − 22%. Results show that the distribution of household chores within the couples was also affected by the reform. More precisely, the probability that the wife is the only person in charge of the housework decreased by 5 percentage points, an 11% decrease. The participation of husbands in housework, however, did not change significantly.
The impact of broadband quality standards on internet services market structure in Colombia
Creators: name: Hidalgo Rodríguez, Julián Felipe
name: Oviedo, Juan
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2014

description: This paper develops a structural model which allows estimating the impact of regulatory decisions looking for the setting of download-speed standards on market structure and performance. We characterize a setting under which quality standards improve both service quality and availability. As to quality, we evaluate the impact of quality standards on the performance of local demand from a detailed database of broadband internet subscribers, discriminated by the main attributes of an internet subscription contract as location, supplier, monthly-fee, download- and upload-speed features. From these results, we are able to identify the effect of quality regulation on the behavior of internet providers in a differentiated product market approach. As a consequence, we are able to assert that the response of internet service providers to quality regulation is a more intense product differentiation that contributes to demand expansion and therefore to improve broadband penetration indicators.
Density function study transition metal chromium-doped alkali clusters: the finding of magnetic superatom
Creators: name: Shao, Peng
name: Ding, Li-Ping
name: Feng, Hai-Tao
name: Cai, Jiang-Tao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Hematology
subject: Cancer
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Physiology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Medicine
subject: Physics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: The structures, stabilities and magnetic properties of CrXn (X = Na, Rb and Cs; n up to 9) clusters are studied using density functional theory to search for the stable magnetic superatoms. The geometrical optimisations indicate the ground-state structures of CrXn evolve toward a close packed structure with an interior Cr atom surrounded by X atoms as the cluster size increase. Their stabilities are analysed by the relative energy, gain in energy (ΔE(n)) and the highest unoccupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gaps. Furthermore, the magnetic moments of CrXn clusters show an odd–even oscillation. Here, we mainly focus on the CrX7 (X = Na, Rb and Cs) clusters due to the same valence count as the known stable magnetic superatoms VNa8, VCs8 and TiNa9. Although these clusters all have a filled electronic configuration 1S21P6 and large magnetic moment 5 μB, our studies indicate that only CrNa7 is highly stable compared to its nearest neighbours, while CrRb7 and CrCs7 clusters are less stable. This suggests that Cr-doped Na7 is most appropriate for filled electronic configuration and CrNa7 is shown to be a stable magnetic superatom. More interesting, we find CrRb8 and CrCs8 with the filled electronic configuration 1S21P6 have higher stability and large magnetic moment 6 μB in their respective series.
An approximation to the digital divide among low income people in Colombia, Mexico and Perú: two composite indexes
Creators: name: Gamboa Niño, Luis Fernando
name: Gutiérrez, Luis H.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: El estudio analiza los determinantes de uso y acceso a las tecnologías de información y comunicación en personas de bajos ingresos en pasases como Colombia, México y Perú. El punto central está en analizar las diferencias entre países de acuerdo a diferentes variables socioeconómicas. Se encuentra que la variable que más explica el nivel de acceso digital es la escolaridad. De otro lado no se encuentra una brecha por género sino en Perú. Los resultados también indican que cuando solo se tienen en cuenta las tecnologías más ‘avanzadas’, las diferencias entre la población son más notorias
The MyHealthRecord System in General Practices: Steps Towards Adoption Sustainability
Creators: name: Raza Khan, Urooj
name: Pearce, Christopher
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022

description: Publisher weblink: https://aisel.aisnet.org/acis2019/13 
Digital health systems such as MyHealthRecord (MyHR) are aimed at enabling the accessibility of health records whenever and wherever, assisting users in making more informed decisions about patient care. This research  explored MyHR adoption (Victoria) and user views/ experiences in general practice organisations (GPO). Although adoption of MyHR in GPO was encouraged in July 2016, system use was limited, adapting ad-hoc procedures mostly to satisfy funding criteria. This paper brings recommendations for GPO and policy makers, referring to lessons from GP computerisation. The adoption triangle theory was contextualised, encapsulating three main themes: (1) To understand and identify ‘needs’ of GPOs/patients, promoting cultural shift among GPOs and the community; (2) ‘Enhance support’ to address these needs, including three themes related to users and GPO engagements, and a formal change-management approach; (3) ‘Review incentive’ to increase system education and interaction, hence increasing the likelihood of adoption sustainability.