cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Simulations of $^{60}$Fe entrained in ejecta from a near-Earth supernova: Effects of observer motion
Creators: name: Chaikin, Evgenii
name: Kaurov, Alexander A.
name: Fields, Brian D.
name: Correa, Camila A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies have shown that live (not decayed) radioactive $^{60}$Fe is present in deep-ocean samples, Antarctic snow, lunar regolith, and cosmic rays. $^{60}$Fe represents supernova (SN) ejecta deposited in the Solar System around $3 \, \rm Myr$ ago, and recently an earlier pulse $\approx 7 \ \rm Myr $ ago has been found. These data point to one or multiple near-Earth SN explosions that presumably participated in the formation of the Local Bubble. We explore this theory using 3D high-resolution smooth-particle hydrodynamical simulations of isolated supernovae with ejecta tracers in a uniform interstellar medium (ISM). The simulation allows us to trace the supernova ejecta in gas form and those eject in dust grains that are entrained with the gas. We consider two cases of diffused ejecta: when the ejecta are well-mixed in the shock and when they are not. In the latter case, we find that these ejecta remain far behind the forward shock, limiting the distance to which entrained ejecta can be delivered to $\approx 100$ pc in an ISM with $n_\mathrm{H}=0.1\; \rm cm^{-3}$ mean hydrogen density. We show that the intensity and the duration of $^{60}$Fe accretion depend on the ISM density and the trajectory of the Solar System. Furthermore, we show the possibility of reproducing the two observed peaks in $^{60}$Fe concentration with this model by assuming two linear trajectories for the Solar System with $30$-km s$^{-1}$ velocity. The fact that we can reproduce the two observed peaks further supports the theory that the $^{60}$Fe signal was originated from near-Earth SNe.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures (including appendix); Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Cohen-Macaulay clutters with combinatorial optimization properties and parallelizations of normal edge ideals
Creators: name: Dupont, Luis A.
name: Reyes-Espinoza, Enrique
name: Villarreal, Rafael H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13H10, 13F20

description: Let C be a uniform clutter and let I=I(C) be its edge ideal. We prove that if C satisfies the packing property (resp. max-flow min-cut property), then there is a uniform Cohen-Macaulay clutter C1 satisfying the packing property (resp. max-flow min-cut property) such that C is a minor of C1. For arbitrary edge ideals of clutters we prove that the normality property is closed under parallelizations. Then we show some applications to edge ideals and clutters which are related to a conjecture of Conforti and Cornuéjols and to max-flow min-cut problems.
description: The Sao Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences, to appear
Isoglossa laxiflora Lindau 1911
Creators: name: Champluvier, Dominique
name: Fischer, Eberhard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Acanthaceae
Isoglossa
Isoglossa laxiflora

description: Isoglossa laxiflora Lindau (1911: 306) (Figs. 5, 7–8)
Type: — RWANDA. Kivu-Vulkane, südlich des Karisimbi, ca. 2500 m, November 1907, Mildbraed 1560 (holotype B †, isotype fragment BR 0000008536259!)
Specimens examined:— DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO. Lacs Edouard et Kivu. Virunga National Park. Volcan Mikeno, 2300–2600 m, April 1929, Humbert 8011 (BR); versant Sud du Mikeno, 2330 m, August 1937, Lebrun 7277 (BR); flanc W du volcan Mikeno, 2330 m, 17 August 1937, Louis 5238 (BR); vers Kabare (Mikeno), 2300 m, 2 July 1934, De Witte 1686 (BR); Volcan Niyragongo, 1932, Scaetta 1542 (BR); Volcan Karisimbi (Kivu), 2160 m, February 1932, Lebrun 4951 (BR); Mt. Runyoni (lac Nyandizima), Virunga, 2250 m, 29 January 1955, de Witte 11644 (BR); Kibati (terr. Goma), 2200 m, 12 August 1955, Christiaensen 1022 (BR); Rueru, 10 February 1958, Léonard 481 (BR). Kahuzi-Biéga National Park. Suivant l’itineraire Katana – Kahuzi, 2400 m, October 1929, Boutakoff s.n. (BR). RWANDA. Lacs Edouard et Kivu. Volcano National Park. Karisimbi, 3300 m, 5 April 1945, Germain 3750 (BR); Volcano National Park, Mt. Gahinga, 3050 m, 1 March 2011, Fischer 462/11 (KOBL); Bigogwe, 2600 m, 17 February 1972, Bamps 3186 (BR). Gishwati-Mukura National Park. Gishwati, October 2019, B.Dumbo s.n. (KOBL). Nyungwe National Park. Gisovu, 2200 m, 2 April 1976, Reekmans 4960 (BR); Kamiranzovu, 1950 m, 4 January 1990, Dowsett-Lemaire 1253 (BR); Gikongoro, commune Kivu, savane de Rubiyro-Mubuga, vallée de Tsava, 2170 m, 17 August 1999, Ewango 2204 (BR); bords du ruisseau Birara entre Gisakura et Cyabakunzi, forêt de Nshili, Gikongoro, 2150 m, 11 July 1977, Runinya 708 (BR).
description: Published as part of Champluvier, Dominique & Fischer, Eberhard, 2020, Isoglossa darbyshirei (Acanthaceae), a new plietesial species from the Albertine Rift (Rwanda, Burundi), pp. 276-288 in Phytotaxa 438 (5) on page 285, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.438.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13873481
Reflected Entropy in Double Holography
Creators: name: Ling, Yi
name: Liu, Peng
name: Liu, Yuxuan
name: Niu, Chao
name: Xian, Zhuo-Yu
name: Zhang, Cheng-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the reflected entropy is proposed in holographic approach to describe the entanglement of a bipartite quantum system in a mixed state, which is identified as the area of the reflected minimal surface inside the entanglement wedge. In this paper, we study the reflected entropy in the doubly holographic setup, which contains the degrees of freedom of quantum matter in the bulk. In this context, we propose a notion of quantum entanglement wedge cross-section, which may describe the reflected entropy with higher-order quantum corrections. We numerically compute the reflected entropy in pure AdS background and black hole background in four dimensions, respectively. In general, the reflected entropy contains the contribution from the geometry on the brane and the contribution from the CFT. We compute their proportion for different Newton constants and find that their behaviors are in agreement with the results based on the semi-classical gravity and the correlation of CFT coupled to the bath CFT.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, minor correction, published version
Magnetothermodynamics of the Ising Antiferromagnet Dy2Ge2O7
Creators: name: Ke, X.
name: Dahlberg, M. L.
name: Morosan, E.
name: Fleitman, J. A.
name: Cava, R. J.
name: Schiffer, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report systematic low temperature measurements of the DC magnetization, AC susceptibility, and heat capacity of dysprosium pyrogermanate (Dy2Ge2O7) single crystal and powder samples. Our results confirm that Dy2Ge2O7 is an anisotropic antiferromagnet. The isothermal field dependent magnetization and the integrated magnetic entropy both indicate that the Dy3+ ions behave as Ising-like spins, analogous to those in the pyrochlore spin ice materials. Both single-spin and collective spin relaxation phenomena appear to lead to spin freezing in this material, again in analogy to observations in the spin ice materials, suggesting that such phenomena may be generic to a broader class of magnetic materials.
description: Phys. Rev. B, in press (2008)
About Superluminal motions and Special Relativity: A Discussion of some recent Experiments, and the solution of the Causal Paradoxes
Creators: name: Recami, Erasmo
name: Fontana, Flavio
name: Garavaglia, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some experiments, performed at Berkeley, Cologne, Florence, Vienna, Orsay, Rennes, etc., led to the claim that something seems to travel with a group velocity larger than the speed c of light in vacuum. Various other experimental results seem to point in the same direction: For instance, localized wavelet- type solutions to Maxwell equations have been found, both theoretically and experimentally, that travel with superluminal speed. [Even muonic and electronic neutrinos [it has been proposed] might be "tachyons", since their square mass appears to be negative]. With regard to the first-mentioned experiments, it was recently claimed by Guenter Nimtz that those results with evanescent waves (or tunneling photons) imply superluminal signal and impulse transmission, and therefore violate Einstein causality. In this note we want to stress that, on the contrary, all such results do not place relativistic causality in jeopardy, even if they referred to actual tachyonic motions: In fact, Special Relativity can cope even with superluminal objects and waves. For instance, it is possible (at least in microphysics) to solve also the known causal paradoxes, devised for faster than light motion, although this is not widely recognized yet. Here we show, in detail and rigorously, how to solve the oldest causal paradox, originally proposed by Tolman, which is the kernel of many further tachyon paradoxes (like J.Bell's, F.A.E.Pirani's, J.D.Edmonds' and others'). The key to the solution is a careful application of tachyon mechanics, as it unambiguously follows from special relativity. At Last, in one of the two Appendices, we propose how to evaluate the group-velocity in the case of evanescent waves. [PACS nos.: 03.30.+p; 03.50.De; 41.20.Jb; 73.40.Gk; 84.40.Az; 42.82.Et ]
description: LaTeX file: 26 pages, with 5 Figures (and two Appendices). The original version of this paper appeared in the Journal below:
On the Supergravity Description of Wilson Loop in Non-commutative Dipole Field Theory
Creators: name: Huang, Wung-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Wilson loop in the non-commutative dipole field theory is re-examined within the framework of dual gravity description. In contrast to the previous investigations, we let the dual string be moving along the deformed $S^5$ and find the exact expression of the interquark potential. The potential shows a Coulomb behavior at all distance and does not have a minimum distance between quarks, which exhibits in the static configuration. After comparing the potential of the static and moving configurations we find that while the dual string is static at long distance it will transit to a moving configuration at short distance. We also analyze an electric dipole system and find that it shows a similar transition property. Finally, we mention the unsuitable approximation made in the previous paper [hep-th/0701069] and find that the interquark potential in a gauge theory with a non-constant non-commutativity has a Coulomb behavior at all distance.
description: Pages 12 and 13 are the very short version of ''Erratum to Phys. Lett. B647 (2007) 519''. Pages 1-11 contain detailed calculations and extended discussions
Tracking X-ray Outflows with Optical/IR Footprint Lines
Creators: name: Falcao, Anna Trindade
name: Kraemer, S. B.
name: Crenshaw, D. M.
name: Melendez, M.
name: Revalski, M.
name: Fischer, T. C.
name: Schmitt, H. R.
name: Turner, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use Cloudy photoionisation models to predict the flux profiles for optical/IR emission lines that trace the footprint of X-ray gas, such as [Fe X] 6375A and [Si X] 1.43$μ$m. These are a subset of coronal lines, from ions with ionisation potential $\geq$ that of O VII, i.e., 138eV. The footprint lines are formed in gas over the same range in ionisation state as the H and He-like of O and Ne ions, which are also the source of X-ray emission lines. The footprint lines can be detected with optical and IR telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope/STIS and James Webb Space Telescope/NIRSpec, and can potentially be used to measure the kinematics of the extended X-ray emission gas. As a test case, we use the footprints to quantify the properties of the X-ray outflow in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151. To confirm the accuracy of our method, we compare our model predictions to the measured flux from archival STIS spectra and previous ground-based studies, and the results are in good agreement. We also use our X-ray footprint method to predict the mass profile for the X-ray emission-line gas in NGC 4151 and derive a total spatially-integrated X-ray mass of $7.8(\pm 2.1) \times 10^{5}~M_{\odot}$, in comparison to $5.4(\pm 1.1) \times 10^{5}~M_{\odot}$ measured from a Chandra X-ray analysis. Our results indicate that high-ionisation footprint emission lines in the optical and near-infrared can be used to accurately trace the kinematics and physical conditions of AGN ionised, X-ray emission-line gas.
Nerval’s Voyage en Orient : the quest for a literary sign
Creators: name: Griffiths, Frances
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The aim of this thesis is to examine the nineteenth century novel "Voyage en Orient" by Gerard de Nerval, using the semiotic theories of Roland Barthes and Roman Jackobson. The word 'Orient' is for the protagonist of the novel, a sign which represents an exotic fantasy land promising spiritual experience and "true love". His voyage through the Middle East and his various encounters teach the narrator here that the sign he longs for is empty, and he acquires a new image and understanding of the Orient. However, this more realistic concept is not as desirable as his original ideal and,in order to regain that lost paradise, the narrator immerses himself in oriental stories and legends. In this study a triangular structure is used to depict the three-stage development of the narrator's notions of the Orient, from his first ideas to his awareness of the real situation and finally to the lengthy stories which depict once more the desired magical land. The first part of the triadic structure examines the Orient as an imaginary or literary sign which the narrator anticipates finding during his voyage. This sign is shown to be based on literary and artistic works and to have no real referent. The narrator's desire to find this ideal land permits him to anticipate and misunderstand events. This way of decoding information and projecting a personal image is called a connotative system of interpretation. This system is examined in relation to the romantic discourse with which the narrator describes his fantasies. The second stage in the triangular model corresponds to a change from a connotative system of decoding to a denotative system, as the narrator begins to perceive the real Orient. His actual experience and his need to communicate force the hero to recognize that the oriental sign he longs for is empty; the result is a documentation of the actual Middle East. This time, the first stage in the triangle emerges in an examination of the legends found in the novel. Nerval himself creates these new literary signs; their codes and their significance for the author provide the reader with a new point of departure for his own pursuit of the "oriental". Nerval's novel is seen to provide a commentary on the relationship between literature and experience, between signifiers and the signified.
Homogeneous Polynomials with Isomorphic Milnor Algebras
Creators: name: Ahmed, Imran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14E05, 32S30, 14L30 (Primary), 14J17, 16W22 (Secondary)

description: In Theorem 3.2 we show that two homogeneous polynomials $f$ and $g$ having isomorphic Milnor algebras are right-equivalent.
description: 6 pages
Generalized Circulant Densities and a Sufficient Condition for Separability
Creators: name: Chruscinski, Dariusz
name: Pittenger, Arthur O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a series of papers with Kossakowski, the first author has examined properties of densities for which the positive partial transpositrionm (PPT) property can be readily checked. These densities were also investigated from a different perspective by Baumgartner, Hiesmayr and Narnhofer. In this paper we show how the support of such densities can be expressed in terms of lines in a finite geometry and how that same structure lends itself to checking the necessary PPT condition and to a novel sufficient condition for separability.
description: 15 pages
Magnetic Field Detection Using a Two-Qubit System Under Noisy Heisenberg Interaction
Creators: name: Biswas, George
name: Sengupta, Sayan
name: Biswas, Anindya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method to design a magnetic field detector using a noisy two-qubit system. The system evolves under a noisy Heisenberg interaction Hamiltonian, and we investigate its behavior by calculating both the $l_1$-norm of quantum coherence and the return probability in the presence and absence of an external magnetic field. We allow for decoherence modeled by quasi-static charge noise in the exchange coupling of the two-qubit system and find that, while the magnetic field does not significantly influence the decoherence process, it introduces a distinct oscillation in the return probability over time. Importantly, the oscillation frequency is directly proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field, providing a clear signature that can be used for magnetic field detection. These results point towards the feasibility of realizing a practical quantum-based magnetic field detector, with the ability to operate under noisy conditions while maintaining sensitivity to the field strength.
description: Additional depolarizing noise model considered. Limitations of the magnetic field detection method is discussed with the computation of Quantum Fisher Information. Comparison with existing methods is added. 16 pages, 3 figures. Journal accepted version
Three-Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework Graphene Nanocomposite as a Highly Efficient and Stable Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Media
Creators: name: Dehghanpour, Saeed
name: Samaneh Sohrabi
name: Ghalkhani, Masoumeh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Crystallography
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry

description: AbstractWe report on the design of a bio-inspired composite as a noble-metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The composite is made from the assembly of pyridine- functionalized graphene (G-py) and a 3D metal–organic framework (MOF) deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The 3D heme-like MOF was synthesized from tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin iron(III) chloride and Zr6 clusters for the assembly of the stable porous coordination network. G-py, which possesses an axial ligand to anchor to the centers of porphyrin in the MOF, results in a significant change in the electronic and geometric structure of centers, which enhances the rate of ORR and durability during cycling in acidic media. The occurrence potential of the ORR by the composite is shifted to the positive potential near 100 mV. Our results introduce a new strategy for the rational design of inexpensive and highly stable oxygen reduction electrocatalysts for fuel cells without the requirement of pyrolysis.
Editorial policies of many highly-cited journals are hidden or unclear
Creators: name: Reichmann, Stefan
name: Ross-Hellauer, Tony
name: Hindle, Samantha
name: McDowell, Gary
name: Lin, Jennifer
name: Penfold, Naomi
name: Polka, Jessica
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: peer review
preprint
scholarly communication

description: We used criteria associated with the Transpose database to evaluate policies in 171 of the most highly-cited journals across disciplines. We found that nearly one third don’t clearly state even basic information about the editorial process, such as whether peer review is blinded.

These findings represent preliminary results of the Transpose landscape study.
description: This work was supported in part by The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust.
Gravitational Fugacity as the seed of self-organized violent relaxaton process toward Local Virial relation
Creators: name: Sota, Yasuhide
name: Iguchi, Osamu
name: Tashiro, Tohru
name: Morikawa, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the self-organized relaxation process which drives a collisionless self-gravitating system (SGS) to the equilibrium state satisfying local virial (LV) relation. During the violent relaxation process, particles can move widely within the time interval as short as a few free fall times, because of the effective potential oscillations. Since such particle movement causes further potential oscillations, it is expected that the system approaches the critical state where such particle activities, which we call gravitational fugacity, is independent of the local position as much as possible. Here we demonstrate that gravitational fugacity can be described as the functional of the LV ratio, which means that the LV ratio is a key ingredient estimating the particle activities against gravitational potential. We also demonstrate that LV relation is attained if the LV ratio exceeds the crticaial value $b=1$ everywhere in the bound region during the violent relaxation process. The local region which does not meet this criterion can be trapped into the pre-saturated state. However, small phase-space perturbation can bring the inactive part into the LV critical state.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to Phys.Rev.E The descriptions related to SOC are omitted. We omitted the part describing SOC and added the description about the gravitational fugacity instead of the evaporation rate
Forschungsprojekt OA-STRUKTKOMM. Open Access Strukturierte Kommunikation
Creators: name: Grossmann, Alexander
name: Reiche, Michael
name: Tillmann, Diana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: International Open Access Week 2022, Open Access, Berlin, Publikationsworkflow, Open-Access-Monografien

description: Für die Veröffentlichung von Open-Access-Publikationen haben sich heterogene Workflows etabliert. Mit der Publikation der Ergebnisse des Projekts OA-HVerlag steht nun ein Modell für die Modellierung dieser Workflows zur Verfügung. Auf Basis dieses Open-Access-Workflowmodells beschäftigt sich das Forschungsteam von OA-STRUKTKOMM unter anderem mit der Frage, wie der Datenaustausch zwischen den workflowbeteiligten Systemen robuster und kompatibel gestaltet werden kann. Im Projekt wird der akademische Ansatz einer Kommunikationsstruktur entwickelt. Dieser Datentransfer-Container soll den Zugriff auf projektspezifische Inhalte gewährleisten und die Transformation von Metadatenstandards für die Distribution der Publikation auf verschiedenen Plattformen systematisieren und erleichtern. Darüber hinaus werden Beratungsmaterialien zur Modellierung von Open-Access-Workflowmodellen erarbeitet und ein Produktionssystem zur Herstellung von Open-Access-Monografien weiterentwickelt. Damit soll der begonnene Prozess der Unterstützung des Aufbaus verschiedenster Publikationsinfrastrukturen weiter vorangebracht und durch zusätzliche Bausteine unterstützt werden. Das Projekt „Open-Access-Strukturierte-Kommunikation (OA-STRUKTKOM) wird durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) mit einer Laufzeit von zwei Jahren (Februar 2021 bis Januar 2023) gefördert.
title: An auxiliary crack approach for efficient approximative crack tip loading analyses
Creators: name: Judt, Paul O.
name: Ricoeur, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: auxiliary crack fields
subject: interaction integral
subject: crack initiation
subject: stress intensity factors
subject: approximation
subject: 620
subject: Bruchmechanik
subject: Rissbildung
subject: Spannungsintensitätsfaktor
subject: Approximation
subject: Mathematisches Modell

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
Violation of the London Law and Onsager-Feynman quantization in multicomponent superconductors
Creators: name: Babaev, Egor
name: Ashcroft, N. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-classical response to rotation is a hallmark of quantum ordered states such as superconductors and superfluids. The rotational responses of all currently known single-component "super" states of matter (superconductors, superfluids and supersolids) are largely described by two fundamental principles and fall into two categories according to whether the systems are composed of charged or neutral particles: the London law relating the angular velocity to a subsequently established magnetic field and the Onsager-Feynman quantization of superfluid velocity. These laws are theoretically shown to be violated in a two-component superconductor such as the projected liquid metallic states of hydrogen and deuterium at high pressures. The rotational responses of liquid metallic hydrogen or deuterium identify them as a new class of dissipationless states; they also directly point to a particular experimental route for verification of their existence.
description: Nature Physics in print. This is an early version of the paper. The final version will be posted 6 months after its publication Nature Physics, according to the journal policy
Black hole flares: ejection of accreted magnetic flux through 3D plasmoid-mediated reconnection
Creators: name: Ripperda, Bart
name: Liska, Matthew
name: Chatterjee, Koushik
name: Musoke, Gibwa
name: Philippov, Alexander A.
name: Markoff, Sera B.
name: Tchekhovskoy, Alexander
name: Younsi, Ziri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic reconnection can power bright, rapid flares originating from the inner magnetosphere of accreting black holes. We conduct extremely high resolution ($5376\times2304\times2304$ cells) general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations, capturing plasmoid-mediated reconnection in a 3D magnetically arrested disk for the first time. We show that an equatorial, plasmoid-unstable current sheet forms in a transient, non-axisymmetric, low-density magnetosphere within the inner few Schwarzschild radii. Magnetic flux bundles escape from the event horizon through reconnection at the universal plasmoid-mediated rate in this current sheet. The reconnection feeds on the highly-magnetized plasma in the jets and heats the plasma that ends up trapped in flux bundles to temperatures proportional to the jet's magnetization. The escaped flux bundles can complete a full orbit as low-density hot spots, consistent with Sgr A$^{*}$ observations by the GRAVITY interferometer. Reconnection near the horizon produces sufficiently energetic plasma to explain flares from accreting black holes, such as the TeV emission observed from M87. The drop in mass accretion rate during the flare, and the resulting low-density magnetosphere make it easier for very high energy photons produced by reconnection-accelerated particles to escape. The extreme resolution results in a converged plasmoid-mediated reconnection rate that directly determines the timescales and properties of the flare.
description: ApJ Letters (2022), 924, L32
Memory effects in transport through a hopping insulator: Understanding two-dip experiments
Creators: name: Kozub, V. I.
name: Galperin, Y. M.
name: Vinokur, V.
name: Burin, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss memory effects in the conductance of hopping insulators due to slow rearrangements of many-electron clusters leading to formation of polarons close to the electron hopping sites. An abrupt change in the gate voltage and corresponding shift of the chemical potential change populations of the hopping sites, which then slowly relax due to rearrangements of the clusters. As a result, the density of hopping states becomes time dependent on a scale relevant to rearrangement of the structural defects leading to the excess time dependent conductivity.
“Ship in bottle” Porph@MOMs as highly efficient catalysts for selective controllable oxidation and insights into different mechanism in heterogeneous and homogeneous environment
Creators: name: Dehghanpour, Saeed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Crystallography
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry

description: AbstractIn the present work, three “ship in bottle” Porph@MOMs are reported as biomimetic oxidation catalysts for different reactions. The frameworks are constructed from trimesic acid and metal ions (M= Fe, Co and Mn) in which tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (MTMPyP) is encapsulated within the cavities. Additionally, the catalytic activity of the corresponding homogeneous compounds, FeTMPyP, CoTMPyP and MnTMPyP, and the frameworks without porphyrins within the cavities were investigated in the foregoing oxidation reactions. The prepared 3D porous structures have the ability to control selectivity toward the desired product. Furthermore, they are capable of acting as effective peroxidase mimics, which successfully catalyze oxidation of diverse olefins as well as hydrocarbons using TBHP as oxidant. The heterogeneous catalysts significantly enhance conversion in contrast to their corresponding homogeneous systems. Remarkably, an insight into the catalyst behavior was gained from the proposed mechanism based on the reversal of selectivity. Investigation of the stability and reusability of the catalysts revealed the heterogeneity character of the catalyst with no desorption during the course of oxidation reactions. High yields, clean reactions, high thermal stability and reusability of catalysts, make them good candidates for heterogeneous catalyst in various oxidation reactions.
Soziodemographische Standardvariablen zur Output-Harmonisierung von Umfragedaten: Hintergrund und Validierungsergebnisse
Creators: name: Schneider, Silke
name: Ortmanns, Verena
name: Palm, Lennart
name: Partsch, Melanie Viola
name: Müller, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Zusammenfassung

Praktisch alle Umfragen erfassen grundlegende soziodemographische Merkmale. Während es für entsprechende Fragebogenitems etablierte Empfehlungen gibt, mangelt es an Standards für soziodemographische Variablen in Umfragedaten. Diese Lücke versucht das KonsortSWD-Teilprojekt „Harmonisierte Variablen“ zu füllen. Dieses Dokument beschreibt näher, was soziodemographische Standardvariablen sind, wie sie aufgebaut sind, und wie das Projekt bei ihrer Entwicklung vorgegangen ist. Außerdem dokumentiert es Validierungsergebnisse für die Merkmale, bei denen eine Validierung konkurrierender Kandidatinnen für Standardvariablen sinnvoll erschien. In Anhang 1 werden 32 Standardvariablen zu 19 soziodemographischen Merkmalen spezifiziert, die entweder von einzelnen Forschenden oder von Forschungsdatenzentren umgesetzt werden können. Im Verlauf der kommenden Jahre werden die Standard-Fragebogenitems und Standardvariablen für die einzelnen Merkmale zusätzlich gemeinsam im Open Access Repositorium für sozial- und verhaltenswissenschaftliche Messinstrumente ZIS (www.zis.gesis.org) dokumentiert werden.

Abstract

Practically all surveys record basic socio-demographic characteristics. While there are established recommendations for corresponding questionnaire items, there is a lack of standards for socio-demographic variables in survey data. The KonsortSWD sub-project "harmonized variables" attempts to fill this gap. This document describes in more detail what socio-demographic standard variables are, how they are constructed, and how the project proceeded with their development. It also documents validation results for those characteristics for which a validation of competing candidates for standard variables appeared useful. Appendix 1 specifies 32 standard variables for 19 socio-demographic characteristics that can be implemented either by individual researchers or by research data centres. Over the coming years, the standard questionnaire items and standard variables for the individual characteristics will also be documented jointly in the open access repository for social and behavioural science measurement instruments ZIS (www.zis.gesis.org).
A simple 5D SO(10) GUT and sparticle masses
Creators: name: Fukuyama, Takeshi
name: Okada, Nobuchika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simple supersymmetric SO(10) GUT in five dimensions is proposed, in which the fifth dimension is compactified on the $S^1/(Z_2\times Z_2^\prime)$ orbifold with two inequivalent branes at the orbifold fixed points. In this model, all matter and Higgs multiplets reside on one brane (PS brane) where the Pati-Salam (PS) symmetry is manifest, while only the SO(10) gauge multiplet resides on the bulk. The supersymmetry breaking on the other brane (SO(10) brane) is transmitted to the PS brane through the gaugino mediation with the bulk gauge multiplet. We examine sparticle mass spectrum in this setup and show that the neutralino LSP as the dark matter candidate can be realized when the compactification scale of the fifth dimension is higher than the PS symmetry breaking scale, keeping the successful gauge coupling unification after incorporating threshold corrections of Kaluza-Klein modes of the bulk gauge multiplets.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
Commutators in $\mathrm{SL}_2$ and Markoff surfaces I
Creators: name: Ghosh, Amit
name: Meiri, Chen
name: Sarnak, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the commutator equation over $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ satisfies a profinite local to global principle, while it can fail with infinitely many exceptions for $ \mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{p}])$. The source of the failure is a reciprocity obstruction to the Hasse Principle for cubic Markoff surfaces.
description: Minor edits
Existence of a multiplicative basis for a finitely spaced module over an aggregate
Creators: name: Roiter, Andrej V.
name: Sergeichuk, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16P10

description: By [R. Bautista, P. Gabriel, A.V Roiter., L. Salmeron, Representation-finite algebras and multiplicative basis. Invent. Math. 81 (1985) 217-285.], a finite-dimensional algebra having finitely many isoclasses of indecomposable representations admits a multiplicative basis. In Sections 4.10-4.12 of [P. Gabriel, A. V. Roiter, Representations of finite-dimensional algebras. Encyclopaedia of Math. Sci., vol. 73, Algebra 8, Springer-Verlag, 1992] an analogous hypothesis was formulated for finitely spaced modules over an aggregate. We prove this conjecture.
description: 17 pages
Scar-induced imbalance in staggered Rydberg ladders
Creators: name: Pal, Mainak
name: Sarkar, Madhumita
name: Sengupta, K.
name: Sen, Arnab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the kinematically-constrained model of Rydberg atoms on a two-leg ladder with staggered detuning, $Δ\in [0,1]$, has quantum many-body scars (QMBS) in its spectrum and represents a non-perturbative generalization of the paradigmatic PXP model defined on a chain. We show that these QMBS result in coherent many-body revivals and site-dependent magnetization dynamics for both Néel and Rydberg vacuum initial states around $Δ=1$. The latter feature leads to eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH)-violating finite imbalance at long times in a disorder-free system. This is further demonstrated by constructing appropriate local imbalance operators that display nonzero long-time averages for Néel and vacuum initial states. We also study the fidelity and Shannon entropy for such dynamics which, along with the presence of long-time finite imbalance, brings out the qualitatively different nature of QMBS in PXP ladders with $Δ\sim 1$ from those in the PXP chain. Finally, we identify additional exact mid-spectrum zero modes that stay unchanged as a function of $Δ$ and violate ETH.
description: v4; updated Fig. 5; main text+ supplementary material
Discrete molecular complex, one and two dimensional coordination polymer from cobalt, copper, zinc and (E)-4-hydroxy-3-((quinoline-8-ylimino)methyl)benzoic acid: Synthesis, structures and gas sensing property
Creators: name: Dehghanpour, Saeed
name: Rad, Maryam
name: Fatehfard, Shadi
name: Gholamrezazadeh, Camelia
name: Mahmoudi, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Crystallography
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry

description: Abstract(E)-4-hydroxy-3-((quinolin-8-ylimino)methyl)benzoic acid, (H2L), was synthesized and employed in the synthesis of metal complex or coordination polymers (CPs) namely, [Co(HL)2]NO3_3DMF, 1, {[Cu(L)(H2O)]_H2O}n, 2, and {[ZnL]_DMF}n, 3. Compounds have been characterized by CHN analysis, 1H NMR and IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Structures of 1, 2 and 3 were determined by X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 is a discrete mononuclear complex, compound 2 consists of infinite one-dimensional zig-zag chains and compound 3 displays a two-dimensional coordination polymer, uninodal shubnikov tetragonal plane network with (44_62) point symbol. Compound 3 exhibits strong fluorescence emission upon excitation at room temperature. In addition, gas sensing property of compound 3 as a thin film on one side of double sided tap on the glass substrate have also been discussed.
Interaction range and temperature dependence of symmetry breaking in strongly correlated two-dimensional moiré transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers
Creators: name: Pan, Haining
name: Sarma, Sankar Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically consider two-dimensional moiré transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) bilayers, which are strongly correlated in the sense that the on-site Coulomb interaction is comparable to or larger than the hopping kinetic energy between the moiré lattice sites. The system accommodates many symmetry-broken ground states both in charge and isospin sectors at various commensurate rational fillings such as 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 2/3, etc. We investigate two complementary important aspects of the dependence of the symmetry breaking on (1) the range of the electron-electron interaction, which can in principle be experimentally controlled by the nearby gates and the dielectric environment, and (2) temperature, which could thermally suppress the symmetry breaking above a critical temperature. Experimental implications of the theory are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Comparison of Theory and Direct Numerical Simulations of Drag Reduction by Rodlike Polymers in Turbulent Channel Flows
Creators: name: Benzi, Roberto
name: Ching, Emily S. C.
name: De Angelis, Elisabetta
name: Procaccia, Itamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations of turbulent channel flows, with or without additives, are limited in the extent of the Reynolds number \Re and Deborah number \De. The comparison of such simulations to theories of drag reduction, which are usually derived for asymptotically high \Re and \De, calls for some care. In this paper we present a study of drag reduction by rodlike polymers in a turbulent channel flow using direct numerical simulation and illustrate how these numerical results should be related to the recently developed theory.
Transition from degeneracy to coalescence: theorem and applications
Creators: name: Wang, P.
name: Zhang, K. L.
name: Song, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exceptional point (EP) is exclusive for non-Hermitian system and distinct from that at a degeneracy point (DP), supporting intriguing dynamics, which can be utilized to probe quantum phase transition and prepare eigenstates in a Hermitian many-body system. In this work, we investigate the transition from DP for a Hermitian system to EP driven by non-Hermitian terms. We present a theorem on the existence of transition between DP and EP for a general system. The obtained EP is robust to the strength of non-Hermitian terms. We illustrate the theorem by an exactly solvable quasi-one-dimensional model, which allows the existence of transition between fully degeneracy and exceptional spectra driven by non-Hermitian tunnelings in real and k spaces, respectively. We also study the EP dynamics for generating coalescing edge modes in Su-Schrieffer-Heeger-like models. This finding reveals the ubiquitous connection between DP and EP.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Holographic Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy
Creators: name: Feng, Chao-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general holographic relation between UV and IR cutoff of an effective field theory is proposed. Taking the IR cutoff relevant to the dark energy as the Hubble scale, we find that the cosmological constant is highly suppressed by a numerical factor and the fine tuning problem seems alleviative. We also use different IR cutoffs to study the case in which the universe is composed of matter and dark energy.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, harvmac, v2 references added, report-no added
title: ∫Stung by a wave≈
title: Stung by a wave
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Swearengin, Austin Padgett
name: 0000-0003-0364-1623
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Contemporary
Sculpture
Frequency
Brain chemistry
Climate
Art
Poetry

description: The following is a curated selection of biographical materials, poetic observations, amateur scientific and psychological inquiries mixed with a dash of extraterrestrial, spiritual, or otherworldly unknowing and finished off with philosophical meanderings that toe the line with anti-anxiety propaganda. A series of small narratives and inquiries about material usage and imagery within my sculptures act not as a guide but as an organization of information, an index of indexes of seemingly disparate materials grouped to try and express a whole. Exploring the delicate relationships between frequency, temperature, brain chemistry, consciousness, and climate poetically, this thesis attempts to question and reframe ideas of freedom, individualism, and linearity in time and perspective.
Maxwell Equations with Accounting of Tensor Properties of Time
Creators: name: Vlokh, R.
name: Kvasnyuk, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Maxwell equations with accounting for tensors properties of time have been considered. The effects that follow from such consideration are described. These are the appearance of vacuum polarization, anisotropy of electromagnetic wave velocity in vacuum, anisotropy of the vacuum dielectric permittivity, rotation of light polarization plane, as well as the existence of longitudinal components of electromagnetic wave and the rotational (non-potential) component of electric field caused by electric charges.
description: 13 pages
title: Flexible Adaptation of Leader Behavior
title: An Experimental Analysis of the Beneficial Effect of Flexibility in Innovation Processes
Creators: name: Gerlach, Friederike
name: Rosing, Kathrin
name: Zacher, Hannes
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: experiment
subject: ambidextrous leadership
subject: flexibility
subject: 150
subject: 300
subject: Experiment
subject: Führungskraft
subject: Beidhändigkeit
subject: Flexibilität

description: Gefördert im Rahmen eines Open-Access-Transformationsvertrags mit dem Verlag
description: This research was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), RO 4647/3-1
Magnetic wire active microrheology of human respiratory mucus
Creators: name: Radiom, Milad
name: Hénault, Romain
name: Mani, Salma
name: Iankovski, Aline Grein
name: Norel, Xavier
name: Berret, Jean-François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mucus is a viscoelastic gel secreted by the pulmonary epithelium in the tracheobronchial region of the lungs. The coordinated beating of cilia moves mucus upwards towards pharynx, removing inhaled pathogens and particles from the airways. The efficacy of this clearance mechanism depends primarily on the rheological properties of mucus. Here we use magnetic wire based microrheology to study the viscoelastic properties of human mucus collected from human bronchus tubes. The response of wires between 5 and 80 microns in length to a rotating magnetic field is monitored by optical time-lapse microscopy and analyzed using constitutive equations of rheology, including those of Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt. The static shear viscosity and elastic modulus can be inferred from low frequency (from 0.003 to 30 rad s-1) measurements, leading to the evaluation of the mucin network relaxation time. This relaxation time is found to be widely distributed, from one to several hundred seconds. Mucus is identified as a viscoelastic liquid with an elastic modulus of 2.5 +/- 0.5 Pa and a static viscosity of 100 +/- 40 Pa s. Our work shows that beyond the established spatial variations in rheological properties due to microcavities, mucus exhibits secondary inhomogeneities associated with the relaxation time of the mucin network that may be important for its flow properties.
description: 19 pages 7 figures