cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Traditional taxonomy underestimates the number of species of Bokermannohyla (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) diverging in the mountains of southeastern Brazil since the Miocene
Creators: name: Brunes, Tuliana O.
name: Pinto, Felipe C. S.
name: Taucce, Pedro P. G.
name: Santos, Marcus Thadeu T.
name: Nascimento, Luciana B.
name: Carvalho, Daniel C.
name: Oliveira, Guilherme
name: Vasconcelos, Santelmo
name: Leite, Felipe S. F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Despite the huge difference in land coverage between mountains and lowlands, most species are indeed found in mountains and foothills. The causes of this pattern have challenged biogeographers and evolutionary biologists. The Espinhaço and Mantiqueira Ranges are large mountain ranges from eastern Brazil that are global biodiversity hotspots located between the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (AF) and the Cerrado. However, Espinhaço and Mantiqueira species diversity may still be underestimated, either due taxonomic complexity or morphological cryptic species complexes. Two hylid frogs, Bokermannohyla nanuzae and Bokermannohyla feioi, are endemic, respectively, distributed in these two mountain ranges. These species were recently synonymized based on traditional taxonomy. We used data from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene 16S and two nuclear genes to undertake phylogenetic and network, distance-based, and multispecies coalescent analyses on B. nanuzae, B. feioi, and an extensive outgroup dataset. We tested the monophyly of B. nanuzae, as well as the presence of candidate new species. Based on 16S phylogenetic analysis, We recovered B. nanuzae as paraphyletic, with B. sagarana nested within it. We recovered two main groups, with the geographic distribution generally corresponding to the Cerrado and AF boundaries. Probably due to ancestral polymorphism, both nuclear haplotype genealogies failed to distinguish B. nanuzae from the former B. feioi and/or from B. sagarana. The time-calibrated mtDNA tree revealed that B. martinsi, B. sagarana, and B. nanuzae have diverged during the Late Miocene, subsequently splitting into the remaining species/lineages during the Plio-Pleistocene. Taken together, our distance-based barcode and nuclear Bayesian analyses identified the former B. feioi, referred to as the AF group, as a distinct evolutionary lineage from B. nanuzae (Cerrado group). We provide the first insights into how different evolutionary lineages speciated in the highlands of southeastern Brazil and revalidated B. feioi for the AF group.
Poisson--Dirichlet distribution for random Belyi surfaces
Creators: name: Gamburd, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35 (Primary) 05C80, 58C40 (Secondary)

description: Brooks and Makover introduced an approach to studying the global geometric quantities (in particular, the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian, injectivity radius and diameter) of a ``typical'' compact Riemann surface of large genus based on compactifying finite-area Riemann surfaces associated with random cubic graphs; by a theorem of Belyi, these are ``dense'' in the space of compact Riemann surfaces. The question as to how these surfaces are distributed in the Teichmüller spaces depends on the study of oriented cycles in random cubic graphs with random orientation; Brooks and Makover conjectured that asymptotically normalized cycle lengths follow Poisson--Dirichlet distribution. We present a proof of this conjecture using representation theory of the symmetric group.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117906000000223 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Small Sensitivity of the Simulated Climate of Tidally Locked Aquaplanets to Model Resolution
Creators: name: Wei, Mengyu
name: Zhang, Yixiao
name: Yang, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tidally locked terrestrial planets around low-mass stars are the prime targets of finding potentially habitable exoplanets. Several atmospheric general circulation models have been employed to simulate their possible climates, however, model intercomparisons showed that there are large differences in the results of the models even when they are forced with the same boundary conditions. In this paper, we examine whether model resolution contributes to the differences. Using the atmospheric general circulation model ExoCAM coupled to a 50-m slab ocean, we examine three different horizontal resolutions (440 km * 550 km, 210 km * 280 km, and 50 km * 70 km in latitude and longitude) and three different vertical resolutions (26, 51, and 74 levels) under the same dynamical core and the same schemes of radiation, convection and clouds. Among the experiments, the differences are within 5 K in global-mean surface temperature and within 0.007 in planetary albedo. These differences are from cloud feedback, water vapor feedback, and the decreasing trend of relative humidity with increasing resolution. Relatively small-scale downdrafts between upwelling columns over the substellar region are better resolved and the mixing between dry and wet air parcels and between anvil clouds and their environment are enhanced as the resolution is increased. These reduce atmospheric relative humidity and high-level cloud fraction, causing a lower clear-sky greenhouse effect, a weaker cloud longwave radiation effect, and subsequently a cooler climate with increasing model resolution. Overall, the sensitivity of the simulated climate of tidally locked aquaplanets to model resolution is small.
title: Data-driven Management of Interconnected Business Processes : Contributions to Predictive and Prescriptive Process Mining
Creators: name: Kratsch, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Process Mining
subject: Predictive Process Monitoring
subject: Business Process Management
subject: 004
subject: 330

description: Business process management (BPM) is an accepted paradigm of organizational design to orchestrate distributed work involving various activities, resources, and actors, connecting the physical and digital world. While traditional research in BPM focused on process models and model-based information systems (e.g., workflow management systems), the focus has recently shifted toward data-driven methods such as process mining. Process mining strives to discover, monitor, and improve business processes by extracting knowledge from process (or event) logs. As process mining has evolved into one of the most active streams in BPM, numerous approaches have been proposed in the last decade, and various commercial vendors transferred these methods into practice, substantially facilitating event data analysis. However, there are still manifold unsolved challenges that hinder the adoption and usage of process mining at the enterprise level. First, finding, extracting, and preprocessing relevant event data remains challenging. Second, most process mining approaches operate on a single-process level, making it hard to apply process mining multiple interconnected processes. Third, process managers strongly require forward-directed operational support, but most process mining approaches provide only descriptive ex-post insights. Driven by these challenges, this thesis contributes to the existing body of knowledge related to data-driven management of interconnected business processes. By proposing methods that enhance and automate the extraction of event logs from typical sources (research paper #1) and exploiting novel sources containing process-relevant information (research papers #2 and #3), this thesis contributes to the first challenge of finding, extracting, and preprocessing relevant event data. Regarding the second challenge to apply process mining to a multi-process perspective, this thesis proposes approaches for log-driven prioritization of interconnected business processes (research papers #4 and #5). As the proposed process prioritization methods build on predicting processes’ future performance, they also contribute to the third challenge of providing forward-directed operational support for process managers. Providing accurate predictions leveraging the increasing volume of available data is key to develop predictive and prescriptive process mining approaches. Consequently, the thesis also elaborates on how predictive process monitoring can benefit from the promising trend of deep learning (research paper #6).
Supplemental methods, figures, and tables from Sheep in wolves’ clothing: prey rely on proactive defences when predator and non-predator cues are similar
Creators: name: Symes, Laurel B.
name: Martinson, Sharon J.
name: Kernan, Ciara E.
name: Hofstede, Hannah M. Ter
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Provides additional detail about terminology and methodology, as well as figures showing individual calling behavior and tables with detailed statistical results
Molecular analysis of Indo-Pacific Syllinae annelids with the description of five new species from the Philippine Islands
Creators: name: Moreno-Martínez, Laia
name: San Martín, Guillermo
name: Riesgo, Ana
name: Giribet, Gonzalo
name: Álvarez-Campos, Patricia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Syllinae is the largest and the most diverse subfamily in Syllidae and usually a dominant group in many marine habitats, both in terms of numbers of species and individuals. However, the lack of morphological synapomorphies for many genera and the non-monophyly of most of these suggested by molecular studies, have stressed taxonomic and systematic problems within this subfamily. Although several studies have revised some genera in the Indo-Pacific area, important gaps of knowledge remain for this biogeographic region. Thus, in this study we undertook detailed morphological examination of Syllis and Megasyllis specimens from the Philippine Islands and provide a phylogenetic analysis of Indo-Pacific Syllinae in order to evaluate the position of newly described species. We provide line drawings, light microscopy observations and electron microscopy micrographs for eight species, including five new to science. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of four molecular markers (28S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) from 85 specimens are presented, showing the non-monophyletic status of Syllis and Megasyllis. Overall, our study increases the biodiversity of syllids in this poorly known Indo-Pacific area, highlighting the importance of examining both morphological and molecular data to expand our knowledge of the subfamily Syllinae and to further resolve the taxonomic issues that remain in this group. The following new taxa are described: Megasyllis kurui sp. nov. Moreno-Martínez, San Martín & Álvarez-Campos, Syllis ireneae sp. nov. Moreno-Martínez, San Martín & Álvarez-Campos, Syllis santii sp. nov. Moreno-Martínez, San Martín & Álvarez-Campos, Syllis tini sp. nov. Moreno-Martínez, Syllis walong sp. nov. Moreno-Martínez, San Martín & Álvarez-Campos. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E35C528D-E02D-4735-B62C-2EF5C64BBCAF
Analyse alternativer Spleißvarianten als potentielle Biomarker bei Multipler Sklerose
Creators: name: Rüge, Annelen
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 500 Natural sciences
subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Die Multiple Sklerose (MS) ist eine chronisch-entzündliche Erkrankung des zentralen Nervensystems, bei deren Entstehung genetische Risikofaktoren eine Rolle spielen. Das alternative Spleißen ist ein physiologischer Prozess während der Transkription, und Veränderungen im alternativen Spleißmuster können zur Entstehung von Erkrankungen beitragen. In einer systematischen Übersichtsarbeit wurden 27 Gene mit alternativen Spleißvarianten bei MS identifiziert. Diese literaturbasierten Ergebnisse wurden in Genexpressionsdaten einer Rostocker MS-Kohorte und gesunden Kontrollen validiert.
Antimatter induced fusion and thermonuclear explosions
Creators: name: Gsponer, Andre
name: Hurni, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The feasibility of using antihydrogen for igniting inertial confinement fusion pellets or triggering large scale thermonuclear explosions is investigated. The number of antiproton annihilations required to start a thermonuclear burn wave in either DT or Li_2DT is found to be about 10^{21}/k^2, where k is the compression factor of the fuel to be ignited. In the second part, the technologies for producing antiprotons with high energy accelerator systems and the means for manipulating and storing microgram amounts of antihydrogen are examined. While there seems to be no theoretical obstacles to the production of 10^{18} antiprotons per day (the amount required for triggering one thermonuclear bomb), the construction of such a plant involves several techniques which are between 3 and 4 orders of magnitude away from present day technology.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures. Final version with a few updates and corrections
Supporting tables and figures from Polygenic basis for adaptive morphological variation in a threatened Aotearoa|New Zealand bird, the hihi (Notiomystis cincta)
Creators: name: Duntsch, Laura
name: Tomotani, Barbara M.
name: Villemereuil, Pierre De
name: Brekke, Patricia
name: Lee, Kate D.
name: Ewen, John G.
name: Santure, Anna W.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Genomic marker overview, PCA, MCMCglmm and BayesR output, AxG, GWAS data, GCTA output
The gravitational wave "probability event horizon" for double neutron star mergers
Creators: name: Coward, D. M.
name: Lilley, M.
name: Howell, E. J.
name: Burman, R. R.
name: Blair, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves generated by the final merger of double neutron star (DNS) binary systems are a key target for the gravitational wave (GW) interferometric detectors, such as LIGO, and the next generation detectors, Advanced LIGO. The cumulative GW signal from DNS mergers in interferometric data will manifest as "geometrical noise": a non-continuous stochastic background with a unique statistical signature dominated by the spatial and temporal distribution of the sources. Because geometrical noise is highly non-Gaussian, it could potentially be used to identify the presence of a stochastic GW background from DNS mergers. We demonstrate this by fitting to a simulated distribution of transients using a model for the DNS merger rate and idealized Gaussian detector noise. Using the cosmological "probability event horizon" concept and recent bounds for the Galactic DNS merger rate, we calculate the evolution of the detectability of DNS mergers with observation time. For Advanced LIGO sensitivities and a detection threshold assuming optimal filtering, there is a 95% probability that a minimum of one DNS merger signal will be detectable from the ensemble of events comprising the stochastic background during 12-211 days of observation. For initial LIGO sensitivities, we identify an interesting regime where there is a 95% probability that at least one DNS merger with signal-to-noise ratio > unity will occur during 4-68 days of observation. We propose that there exists an intermediate detection regime with pre-filtered signal-noise-ratio less than unity, where the DNS merger rate is high enough that the geometrical signature could be identified in interferometer data.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Note on MHV Amplitudes for Gravitons
Creators: name: Nair, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how the maximally helicity violating (MHV) scattering amplitudes for gravitons can be related to current correlators and vertex operators in twistor space. This is similar to what happens in Yang-Mills theory and raises the possibility of a direct twistor-string-like construction for ${\cal N}=8$ supergravity.
description: 14 pages, LaTeX
Nonlinear response and discrete breather excitation in driven micro-mechanical cantilever arrays
Creators: name: Maniadis, P.
name: Flach, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explain the origin of the generation of discrete breathers (DBs) in experiments on damped and driven micromechanical cantilever arrays (M.Sato et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 90}, 044102, 2003). Using the concept of the nonlinear response manifold (NLRM) we provide a systematic way to find the optimal parameter regime in damped and driven lattices where DBs exist. Our results show that DBs appear via a new instability of the NLRM different from the anticipated modulational instability (MI) known for conservative systems. We present several ways of exciting DBs, and compare also to experimental studies of exciting and destroying DBs in antiferromagnetic layered systems.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Sainteté et intervention royale au monastère Saint-Étienne de Ḥayq au tournant du XIII, et du XIV siècle
Creators: name: Bosc-Tiessé, Claire
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 94 (2010): Oriens christianus, Band 94
Mentari: A pipeline to model the galaxy SED using semi analytic models
Creators: name: Triani, Dian
name: Croton, Darren
name: Sinha, Manodeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build a theoretical picture of how the light from galaxies evolves across cosmic time. In particular, we predict the evolution of the galaxy spectral energy distribution (SED) by carefully integrating the star formation and metal enrichment histories of semi-analytic model (SAM) galaxies and combining these with stellar population synthesis models which we call mentari. Our SAM combines prescriptions to model the interplay between gas accretion, star formation, feedback process, and chemical enrichment in galaxy evolution. From this, the SED of any simulated galaxy at any point in its history can be constructed and compared with telescope data to reverse engineer the various physical processes that may have led to a particular set of observations. The synthetic SEDs of millions of simulated galaxies from mentari can cover wavelengths from the far UV to infrared, and thus can tell a near complete story of the history of galaxy evolution. \keywords{galaxies: evolution - galaxies: stellar content - galaxies.}
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of IAU symposium #341: Challenges in Panchromatic Modelling with Next Generation Facilities
Genetic attack on neural cryptography
Creators: name: Ruttor, Andreas
name: Kinzel, Wolfgang
name: Naeh, Rivka
name: Kanter, Ido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different scaling properties for the complexity of bidirectional synchronization and unidirectional learning are essential for the security of neural cryptography. Incrementing the synaptic depth of the networks increases the synchronization time only polynomially, but the success of the geometric attack is reduced exponentially and it clearly fails in the limit of infinite synaptic depth. This method is improved by adding a genetic algorithm, which selects the fittest neural networks. The probability of a successful genetic attack is calculated for different model parameters using numerical simulations. The results show that scaling laws observed in the case of other attacks hold for the improved algorithm, too. The number of networks needed for an effective attack grows exponentially with increasing synaptic depth. In addition, finite-size effects caused by Hebbian and anti-Hebbian learning are analyzed. These learning rules converge to the random walk rule if the synaptic depth is small compared to the square root of the system size.
description: 8 pages, 12 figures; section 5 amended, typos corrected
Pragmatic changes in the Russian foreign policy perceptions after the crisis in Kosovo
Creators: name: Vysotskaya, Olga E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis describes Russian foreign policy perceptions in the period following the 1999 crisis in Kosovo. Specifically, it is argued that Russian foreign policy perceptions became pragmatic in the late 1990s. This author contends that this widely supported pragmatic change is manifested through several factors: Russia's foreign policy's focus on the domestic economic growth and solution of the internal political problems, the fact that Russia abandoned the 'super power' temptations in favor of more modest foreign policy goals and Russia's preference of the Western models of economic and political development. Combined together, these developments indicate a significant departure from the assertive course of foreign policy that Russia pursued since mid-1990s until 1999. This author reaches the conclusion after finalizing the findings about Russia's pragmatism, that Western perspectives about Russia should also change in response to the pragmatic shift of Russian foreign policy perspectives. Several areas, in which the West should review its own approach towards Russia, are suggested.
Splitting Extended Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Antoniadis, Ignatios
name: Benakli, Karim
name: Delgado, Antonio
name: Quiros, Mariano
name: Tuckmantel, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how splitting supersymmetry reconciles a class of intersecting brane models with unification. The gauge sector in these models arises in multiplets of extended supersymmetry while matter states are in N=1 representations. A deformation of the angles between the branes gives large masses to squarks and sleptons, as well as supersymmetry breaking contributions to other string states. The latter generate at one-loop heavy Dirac masses for Winos and gluinos and can induce a mass term for the Higgsino doublets. We find that this scenario is compatible with gauge coupling unification at high scale for both cases where the gauge sector is N=2 and N=4 supersymmetric. Moreover a neutralino, combination of neutral Higgsinos and Binos, is a natural candidate for dark matter.
description: 10 pages, minor chages, version to be published in PLB
Laboratory Optical Spectroscopy of Vibronic Transitions of the Thiophenoxy Radical
Creators: name: Sato, Haruka T.
name: Araki, Mitsunori
name: Oyama, Takahiro
name: Tsukiyama, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thiophenoxy radical (C6H5S) is a species of possible astrophysical interest due to an electronic transition in a 5000 A region. The B
FUNDING THE RESEARCH FOR THE EXPANDING ROLE OF THE FOOD DISTRIBUTION INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Hoecker, Raymond W.
name: Hoecker, Raymond W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The keynoter discusses the funding process for government sponsored food distribution research and points out favorable and unfavorable factors affecting the future of research in this area. Recommendations to strengthen future efforts are also made.
Chandra and XMM Observations of Type II Quasars from the SDSS
Creators: name: Ptak, A.
name: Zakamska, N.
name: Strauss, M.
name: Krolik, J.
name: Heckman, T.
name: Schneider, D.
name: Brinkmann, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are carrying out sensitive X-ray observations with Chandra and XMM of type II quasars selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey based on their optical emission line properties. We present observations of four objects at redshifts 0.4 < z < 0.8 and an analysis of the archival data for four additional objects in the same redshift range. Six of the eight were detected in X-rays; five of them have sufficient signal to derive spectral information. All of the detected sources have intrinsic luminosities L(2-10 keV) > 5 x 10^43 erg s^-1. The five with sufficient counts for spectral fitting show evidence for significant absorption (N_H >~ a few x 10^22 cm^-2). At least three of the objects likely have N_H > 10^23 cm^-2; some may be Compton-thick (N_H > 10^{24} cm^-2). In the five objects for which we could fit spectra, the slopes tend to be significantly flatter than is typically observed in AGN; it is possible that this is due either to reprocessing of the nuclear emission or to a line of sight that passes through patchy absorption.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 12 pages with 9 figures
Graphic design studies: what can it be? Following in Victor Margolin’s footsteps for possible answers (conference presentation)
Creators: name: Harland, Robert G.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 120307 Visual Communication Design (incl. Graphic Design)
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: Pre-recorded presentation for the Design Research Society conference 2020 (DRS2020), accompanying a paper of the same name. Date of broadcast: Thursday 13 August.

The full paper can be located in conference proceedings at:http://drs2020.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/DRS2020_Proceedings_Vol_2.pdfpp. 586–600
or

https://hdl.handle.net/2134/12581240
Supplementary material from Help or flight? Increased threat imminence promotes defensive helping in humans
Creators: name: Vieira, Joana B.
name: Schellhaas, Sabine
name: Enström, Erik
name: Olsson, Andreas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In humans and other mammals, defensive responses to danger vary with threat imminence, but it is unknown how those responses affect decisions to help conspecifics. Here, we manipulated threat imminence to investigate the impact of different defensive states on human helping behaviour. Ninety-eight healthy adult participants made trial-by-trial decisions about whether to help a co-participant avoid an aversive shock, at the risk of receiving a shock themselves. Helping decisions were prompted under imminent or distal threat, based on temporal distance to the moment of shock administration to the co-participant. Results showed that, regardless of how likely participants were to also receive a shock, they helped the co-participant more under imminent than distal threat. Reaction times and cardiac changes during the task supported the efficacy of the threat imminence manipulation in eliciting dissociable defensive states, with faster responses and increased heart rate during imminent compared to distal threats. Individual differences in empathic concern were specifically correlated with helping during imminent threats. These results suggest that defensive states driving active escape from immediate danger may also facilitate decisions to help others, potentially by engaging neurocognitive systems implicated in caregiving across mammals.
Phylogenetic assessment of Apophallines (Digenea: Opisthorchiidae) with revision of Apophallus donicus Skrjabin & Lindtrop, 1919 complex and some taxonomic propositions
Creators: name: Sokolov, Sergey G.
name: Khrustalev, Alexander V.
name: Greenwood, Spencer J.
name: Gray, Caitlyn N.
name: Robbins, William T.
name: Jones, Megan E. B.
name: Voropaeva, Ekaterina L.
name: Kalmykov, Alexander P.
name: Dzhamirzoev, Gadzhibek S.
name: Atopkin, Dmitry M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: According to the current taxonomic concept, the Аpophallinae Ciurea, 1924 is a monotypic subfamily of the Opisthorchiidae that comprises species with a median permanent ventrogenital sac containing a well-developed ventral sucker and two gonotyls. A recently formulated molecular hypothesis suggests polyphyly of this subfamily and the presence of two sibling species within one of the nominal species A. donicus Skrjabin & Lindrop, 1919. In this paper, we redescribed A. donicus s. str. and renamed A. donicus auct. non Skrjabin & Lindrop, 1919 to A. lari (Leonov, 1957) based on morphological, biological and molecular (mitochondrial cox1 gene fragments) data. The main morphological differences between species are the length of the distance between the anterior end of the body and the anterior extremity of the vitellarium as a ratio to the forebody length, and the shape of the anterior vitelline follicles. We also aimed to test the monophyly of the Аpophallinae through nuclear-ribosomal molecular markers 18S + 28S rDNA. Tree topology showed Apophallus zalophi (Price, 1932) clustered closer to Liliatrema Gubanov, 1953 than to the other Apophallus spp. As a result, we resurrect the genus Pricetrema Ciurea, 1933 that earlier was proposed for A. zalophi and abolish the Liliatrematinae Gubanov, 1953 with removal of Liliatrema into the Apophallinae. Thus, according to the updated concept, the Apophallinae contains three genera, Apophallus Lühe, 1909, Liliatrema and Pricetrema, two of which (Apophallus, Pricetrema) have the ventrogenital sac with two gonotyls and one (Liliatrema) has a genital sac without gonotyls.
Off-Farm Work By Census-Farm Operators: An Overview of Structure and Mobility Patterns
Creators: name: Swidinsky, Michael
name: Howard, Wayne H.
name: Weersink, Alfons
name: Swidinsky, Michael
name: Howard, Wayne H.
name: Weersink, Alfons
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: The purpose of this paper is to provide descriptive statistics on off-farm labour supply and farm/off-farm labour reallocation for Canadian farmers using cross-sectional data and cross-sectional panel data, respectively, obtained from the Canadian Census of Agriculture. This report is part of a larger study on the off-farm labour supply and labour mobility of farm operators (Swidinsky, 1997). The data indicates that a growing proportion of operators worked off-farm between 1971 and 1991. As well, operators who work off-farm have allocated greater amounts of time to the off-farm labour market. The share of census-farm operators reporting 97-228 days of off-farm work has risen from 11 percent to 15 percent, while the share working more than 228 days off-farm has increased from 13 percent to 16 percent of all operators from 1971 to 1991. There is also some mobility between the status of full-time and part-time farming, but a high proportion of both types of operators exit farming over a five-year period. Less than 15 percent of operators farming full-time change to part-time, while approximately 20 percent of operators farming full-time change to part-time. In contrast, approximately 25 percent of full-time operators exit farming, while 35 percent of part-time operators exit farming over a typical five-year period.
Supersymmetric defects in the Maldacena-Nunez background
Creators: name: Canoura, Felipe
name: Paredes, Angel
name: Ramallo, Alfonso V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find supersymmmetric configurations of a D5-brane probe in the Maldacena-Nunez background which are extended along one or two of the spatial directions of the gauge theory. These embeddings are worldvolume solitons which behave as codimension two or one defects in the gauge theory and preserve two of the four supersymmetries of the background.
description: 37 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX; v2: references added
Analysis on reflection spectra in strained ZnO thin films
Creators: name: Makino, T.
name: Segawa, Y.
name: Kawasaki, M.
name: Ohtomo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin films of laser molecular-beam epitaxy grown ZnO films were studied with respect to their optical properties. 4-K reflectivity was used to analyze various samples grown at different biaxial in-plane strain. The spectra show two structures at 3.37 eV corresponding to the A-free exciton transition and at 3.38 eV corresponding to the B-free exciton transition. Theoretical reflectivity spectra were calculated using the spatial dispersion model. Thus, the transverse energies, the longitudinal transversal splitting (ELT,), the oscillator strengths, and the damping parameters were determined for both the A- and B-free excitons of ZnO. As a rough trend, the strain dependence of the energy E_LT for the A-excitons is characterized by a negatively-peaking behavior with a minimum around the zero strain, while ELT for the B-excitons is an increasing function of the strain field values.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, conference: ICMAT2005 (Singapore), to appear in an issue of J. Cryst. Growth
Modeling, Sensitivity Analyses, and Matlab Code from Cost-effectiveness of combining drug and environmental treatments for environmentally transmitted diseases
Creators: name: Castonguay, François M.
name: Sokolow, Susanne H.
name: Leo, Giulio A. De
name: Sanchirico, James N.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Provides details about the technique used and supplementary results. Also provides the source Matlab code that uses TOMLAB/PROPT.
"Gesondert, gestiftet und geheiligt": Hierapolis in Äthiopien
Creators: name: Kropp, Manfred
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 94 (2010): Oriens christianus, Band 94
Bose-Einstein condensation vs. localization of bosonic quasiparticles in disordered weakly-coupled dimer antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Roscilde, Tommaso
name: Haas, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the field-induced insulator-to-superfluid transition of bosonic quasiparticles in $S=1/2$ weakly-coupled dimer antiferromagnets. In presence of realistic disorder due to site dilution of the magnetic lattice, we show that the system displays an extended Bose-glass phase characterized by the localization of the hard-core quasiparticles.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. Contribution to the BEC Cortona Workshop 2005
Definitions of "Rural"
Creators: name: Du Plessis, Valerie
name: Beshiri, Roland
name: Bollman, Ray D.
name: Clemenson, Heather
name: Du Plessis, Valerie
name: Beshiri, Roland
name: Bollman, Ray D.
name: Clemenson, Heather
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Several definitions of "rural" are available for national and provincial analysis using the databases at Statistics Canada. We compare six in this paper. Each definition emphasizes different criteria (population size, density, context) and has different associated thresholds. The size of the territorial units (building blocks) from which each definition is constructed also varies. As a result, an analyst's choice of "rural" definition matters. Different definitions generate a different number of "rural" people. Even if the number of "rural" people is the same, different people will be classified as "rural" within each definition. In general, each definition provides a similar analytical conclusion (e.g., rural people have lower employment rates and lower incomes than the Canadian average) but the level of each characteristic differs for each definition of rural. We recommend, therefore, that analysts consider the scale of a "rural" issue - whether it is local, community or regional - before selecting a definition. This will influence the type of territorial unit upon which to focus the analysis and the appropriate definition to use. We also encourage analysts to consider which geographic dimensions are most relevant to the issue at hand - population size, population density, labour market or settlement context - and then choose a definition that incorporates these dimensions. Rather than using one of the existing definitions, one option available to the analyst is to assign one (or more) "degrees of rurality" to each territorial unit. This may be specific to a policy debate or sub-national issue. Another option is to cross-classify two definitions of rural in order to focus on a specific sub-sector of the rural population.
A New Approach to Non-CMA/CA Areas
Creators: name: Howatson-Leo, Linda
name: Earl, Louise
name: Puderer, Henry
name: Cunningham, Ron
name: Bollman, Ray D.
name: Rea, Willa
name: Howatson-Leo, Linda
name: Earl, Louise
name: Puderer, Henry
name: Cunningham, Ron
name: Bollman, Ray D.
name: Rea, Willa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Non-metropolitan areas in Canada are often simply referred as rural Canada, without enough attention paid to their inner differences. The Metropolitan Influence Zones (MIZ) conceptual framework allows us to divide non-metropolitan areas into No Metropolitan Influence Zone (No MIZ), Weak Metropolitan Influence Zone (Weak MIZ), and Moderate Metropolitan Influence Zone (Moderate MIZ), according to the commuting flows to and from metropolitan areas. Analyses on New Brunswick show that the nonmetropolitan population are economically disadvantaged overall compared to metropolitan population. However, there are substantial differences within nonmetropolitan areas. Population in the No Metropolitan Influence Zone do not appear to be the most disadvantaged economically. In so far as the No Metropolitan Zone may be regarded as the most rural, this casts doubt on the conventional wisdom regarding "rural" as the synonym of socio-economic disadvantage. In fact, the urban population in the No Metropolitan Influence Zone is shown to be the most disadvantaged economically. The pattern in Saskatchewan is quite different from New Brunswick. In general, median family income decreases, unemployment rate and incidence of low income families increase as the influence of metropolitan areas decreases. Together with the findings concerning New Brunswick, it is clear that non-metropolitan Canada is anything but homogeneous. More research is needed to bring out this diversity so that social policies can be better tailored to the needs of non-metropolitan Canadian population.
Trends in Non-Farm Self-Employment Activity for Rural Women 1981-2001
Creators: name: Du Plessis, Valerie
name: Du Plessis, Valerie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: The importance of non-farm self-employment activity as a source of employment and income in Canada's rural and small town (RST) labour market is increasing. This paper provides an overview of major trends in non-farm self-employment activity for rural women, compared to urban women and rural men. In 2001, 14 percent of female workers in the RST labour market were engaged in nonfarm self-employment activity, compared to 9 percent in 1981. Women in RST areas were more likely to have some non-farm self-employment activity, compared to women in larger urban centres (LUC). In each rural / urban group, women, ages 50 to 64, were more likely to report some non-farm self-employment activity than younger women. Women's non-farm self-employment activity rates are lower than men's in each rural / urban group nationally. However, the gap between women's and men's rates is decreasing. Women in RST areas are less likely to earn $20,000 or more from (unincorporated) nonfarm self-employment activity, compared to women in LUC areas. Regardless of type of geographic area, women with (unincorporated) non-farm self-employment income are less likely than men to earn $20,000 or more from this source.
"Shana meuberet", "theory of others", and the origin of the Christian ecclesiastical calendar
Creators: name: Belenkiy, Ari
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 94 (2010): Oriens christianus, Band 94
Compact photonic-crystal superabsorbers from strongly absorbing media
Creators: name: Devarapu, G. C. R.
name: Foteinopoulou, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a route to near-perfect absorption in compact photonic-crystal (PC) structures constructed from strongly absorbing media that are typically highly reflective in bulk form. Our analysis suggests that the key underlying mechanism in such PC superabsorbers is the existence of a PC-band-edge reflectionless condition. Although the latter is by default uncharacteristic in photonic crystals, we propose here a clear recipe on how such condition can be met by tuning the structural characteristics of one-dimensional lossy PC structures. Based on this recipe we constructed a realizable three-layer SiC-BaF2-SiC PC operating within the Reststrahlen band of SiC. We demonstrate near-perfect absorption in this prototype of total thickness smaller than lamda/3, where more than 90% of the impinging light is absorbed by the top deep-subwavelength layer of thickness ~lamda/1100. We believe our study will inspire new photonic-crystal-based designs for extreme absorption harnessing across the electromagnetic spectrum.
description: 28 pages, 14 figures
Efficient Random Walk Inference with Knowledge Bases
Creators: name: Lao, Ni
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 461303
subject: Computational logic and formal languages
classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: Relational learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence, that learns with expressive logical or relational representations. In this thesis, I consider the problem of efficient relational learning. I describe a new relational learning approach based on path-constrained random walks, and demonstrate, with extensive experiments on IR and NLP tasks, how relational learning can be applied at a scale not possible before. This scalability is made possible by defining a family of easy-to-learn features, fast random walk methods, and distributed computing.
Factors Associated with Household Internet Use in Canada, 1998-2000
Creators: name: Singh, Vik
name: Singh, Vik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: New developments in information and communication technology (ICT) such as the growth of Internet use, have been portrayed as an innovative medium of information exchange and thus providing new opportunities to rural Canadians. However, recent studies have shown that fewer rural Canadians were using the Internet compared to urban Canadians (Thompson-James, 1999; McLaren, 2002). The purpose of this study is to estimate and to analyze the determinants of Internet use by Canadians in order to understand the factors associated with lower Internet use in rural Canada with specific emphasis on whether "rurality" acts as an independent factor on Internet use. A logit model using the "Household Internet Use Survey" (HIUS) from 1998 to 2000 is used to analyze various socioeconomic determinants such as age, household income, location, self-employment and education. Our research indicates that although factors such as low income and an older population restrict Internet use by rural Canadians, "rurality" per se also appears to be a constraint on Internet use in Canada. It is necessary to analyze and understand the determinants of Internet use since this can help public and private agencies in customizing and altering information infrastructure, which can help in increasing Internet use among rural Canadians.
Simulating and mitigating crosstalk
Creators: name: Winick, Adam
name: Wallman, Joel J.
name: Emerson, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an efficient and scalable framework for modeling crosstalk effects on quantum information processors. By applying optimal control techniques, we show how to tuneup arbitrary high-fidelity parallel operations on systems with substantial local and nonlocal crosstalk. Simulations show drastically lower error rates for a 2D square array of 100 superconducting transmon qubits. These results suggest that rather than striving to engineer away undesirable interactions during fabrication, we can largely mitigate their effects through careful characterization and control optimization.
Quantum wire networks with local Z2 symmetry
Creators: name: Kazymyrenko, K.
name: Dusuel, S.
name: Doucot, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a large class of networks made of connected loops, in the presence of an external magnetic field of half flux quantum per loop, we show the existence of a large local symmetry group, generated by simultaneous flips of the electronic current in all the loops adjacent to a given node. Using an ultra-localized single particle basis adapted to this local Z_2 symmetry, we show that it is preserved by a large class of interaction potentials. As a main physical consequence, the only allowed tunneling processes in such networks are induced by electron-electron interactions and involve a simultaneous hop of two electrons. Using a mean-field picture and then a more systematic renormalization-group treatment, we show that these pair hopping processes do not generate a superconducting instability, but they destroy the Luttinger liquid behavior in the links, giving rise at low energy to a strongly correlated spin-density-wave state.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, v.2 section IV D added,accepted for publication in PRB