Chiraziulus kaiseri
Creators: name: Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S.
name: Hosseini, Mohamad Javad Malek
name: Sadeghi, Saber
name: Enghoff, Henrik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplopoda
Spirostreptida
Cambalidae
Chiraziulus
Chiraziulus kaiseri

description: Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983)
Figs 3–8, 11–12
Nannolene (Chiraziulus) kaiseri Mauriès, 1983: 252, figs 4–10.
Nannolene (Chiraziulus) kaiseri – Golovatch 1983: 166.
Chiraziulus kaiseri – Enghoff & Moravvej 2005: 63.
Diagnosis
A species of Chiraziulus, differing from C. troglopersicus sp. nov. by having triangular anterior gonopods in anterior view, the posterior branch of the telepodite smaller than the anterior branch, and the posterior gonopod with a simple, sharp, spinelike process.
Type material examined
IRAN: Holotype (♂) and numerous paratypes, Shiraz, sandstone mountains N of the town, 1600 m asl. Very dry, scattered vegetation including the first spring flowers, under stones and clods, 16 Feb. 1937, E.W. Kaiser leg. (ZMUC).
Additional material examined
IRAN: 1 ♂, Sarab Cave, 22 Jul. 2002, Alexandri leg. (ZMUC); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 19 Str. km W of Shiraz, G. Pretzmann leg. (NHMW).
Description
Eyes absent, body depigmented, with prominent tergal crests. Ozopores on protruding tubercles, starting on 5 th body ring (Fig. 3A, B). Antenna with four long apical cones and bacilliform sensilla seated in small depressions on external part of the 5 th and 6 th antennomeres (Fig. 3C). Labrum and supralabral chaetotaxy as in Fig. 3E. Gnathochilarial stipes with three setae, two distolateral and one distomesal seta, the latter close to promentum. Lingual lamella with two setae. Promentum moderately setose (Fig. 3F). Limbus with numerous tiny denticles (Fig. 3D). Borders between cuticular scutes on part of body with lines of beadlike structures (Fig. 3D), similar to those observed by Akkari & Enghoff (2011) and Enghoff (2014) in other millipedes.
Male
Anterior gonopods (Figs 4, 5 A–F) with tongue-shaped, parallel-sided mid-sternal lobe. Each coxite approximately like an equilateral triangle folded at right angles along vertical axis; resulting surfaces facing anteriad and mesad; coxite hence narrow triangular in anterior view, ending in rather sharp point (Fig. 5A); coxite in mesal view with a plane surface traversed by oblique groove for accommodation of flagellum (Fig. 4); posterior margin sinuous, in apical view c. 30% of it with rugose-scaly microsculpture on lateral surface. Telopodite large, two-lobed; anterior lobe (regarded as part of the coxite (e) by Mauriès) larger (Ta), but not reaching tip of coxite (Fig. 5 D–E), apical margin concave (Fig. 5F); in anterior view Ta broadly visible lateral to coxite, with transverse “step”, distal to ‘step’ with several setae; in posterior view Ta longitudinally concave, apically with several setae and with mesal margin (facing rugosity of coxite) rugose; posterior lobe of telopodite (Tp) (T = telopodite of Mauriès) much shorter than Ta, rod-shaped, apically broadly rounded, with several setae (Fig. 5D). Rugose tips of coxite and telepodite (Ta) of anterior gonopod forming a pair of “forceps” (Fig. 5F). Flagellum exceedingly long, inserted below mid-height of posterior margin of coxite, initially directed distad, then turning anteriad and traversing mesal surface of coxite in slightly curved groove, then turning basad-posteriad, probably accommodated in basal oblique groove (Fig. 4 B–C); apical part of flagellum densely covered with c. 5 µm long hairlike, retrorse processes (Fig. 4A). Posterior gonopods (Fig. 5 G–I) apically covered with setae and with a long slender, spine-like, apically twisted process. Mesal sternal part of gonopods forming trough densely covered with sharktooth-like denticles (Fig. 5J).
Female
Vulva in situ as in Fig. 6 A–B. Peculiar, microtubular tissue present below insertion level of bursa (Fig. 6C). Operculum (o) smaller than bursa, with 2 large apical setae; bursa massive, enveloping operculum, with simple slit-shaped crest and 8 + 8 setae along distal margins (Fig. 6D, E).
Distribution
Known from several localities in Iran (Fig. 2).
Intrapecific variability of Chiraziulus kaiseri
In addition to the type locality and a few sites in its vicinity, Chiraziulus kaiseri has been recorded from the south of Iran (Golovatch 1983). Examination of an adult male from an isolated cave (Sarab Cave) in northwestern Iran, far from the type locality, leads us to include it in C. kaiseri as well and to regard the differences in the male gonopods as intraspecific variability (Fig. 7).
The anterior gonopods of the specimen from Sarab Cave shows some differences compared to the type material, especially in the shape of the posterior branch of the telepodite (Fig. 7 E–J). No remarkable difference was observed in the posterior gonopods (Fig. 7 K–L). Some variability was also observed in the chaetotaxy of the gnathochilarial stipes (Fig. 3F). In the specimens from the type locality, Sarab Cave and 19 km W of Shiraz, there are two distolateral and one distomesal setae, whereas in the specimen illustrated by Golovatch (1983: 168, fig. 12), all three setae are distolateral.
description: Published as part of Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., Hosseini, Mohamad Javad Malek, Sadeghi, Saber & Enghoff, Henrik, 2015, Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites, pp. 1-18 in European Journal of Taxonomy 146 on pages 5-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2015.146, http://zenodo.org/record/3787506