cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
RENaBack: low back pain patients in rehabilitation—study protocol for a multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Puerto Valencia, Laura
name: Arampatzis, Diamantes
name: Beck, Heidrun
name: Dreinhöfer, Karsten
name: Drießlein, David
name: Mau, Wilfried
name: Zimmer, Julia-Marie
name: Schäfer, Michael
name: Steinfeldt, Friedemann
name: Wippert, Pia-Maria
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chronic low back pain
subject: Aftercare
subject: Individualized therapy
subject: Randomized controlled trial
subject: Rehabilitation
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Millions of people in Germany suffer from chronic pain, in which course and intensity are multifactorial. Besides physical injuries, certain psychosocial risk factors are involved in the disease process. The national health care guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-specific low back pain recommend the screening of psychosocial risk factors as early as possible, to be able to adapt the therapy to patient needs (e.g., unimodal or multimodal). However, such a procedure has been difficult to implement in practice and has not yet been integrated into the rehabilitation care structures across the country. Methods: The aim of this study is to implement an individualized therapy and aftercare program within the rehabilitation offer of the German Pension Insurance in the area of orthopedics and to examine its success and sustainability in comparison to the previous standard aftercare program. The study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial including 1204 patients from six orthopedic rehabilitation clinics. A 2:1 allocation ratio to intervention (individualized and home-based rehabilitation aftercare) versus the control group (regular outpatient rehabilitation aftercare) is set. Upon admission to the rehabilitation clinic, participants in the intervention group will be screened according to their psychosocial risk profile. They could then receive either unimodal or multimodal, together with an individualized training program. The program is instructed in the clinic (approximately 3 weeks) and will continue independently at home afterwards for 3 months. The success of the program is examined by means of a total of four surveys. The co-primary outcomes are the Characteristic Pain Intensity and Disability Score assessed by the German version of the Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire (CPG). Discussion: An improvement in terms of pain, work ability, patient compliance, and acceptance in our intervention program compared to the standard aftercare is expected. The study contributes to provide individualized care also to patients living far away from clinical centers.
Testing statics-dynamics equivalence at the spin-glass transition in three dimensions
Creators: name: Fernandez, Luis Antonio
name: Martin-Mayor, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statics-dynamics correspondence in spin glasses relate non-equilibrium results on large samples (the experimental realm) with equilibrium quantities computed on small systems (the typical arena for theoretical computations). Here we employ statics-dynamics equivalence to study the Ising spin-glass critical behavior in three dimensions. By means of Monte Carlo simulation, we follow the growth of the coherence length (the size of the glassy domains), on lattices too large to be thermalized. Thanks to the large coherence lengths we reach, we are able to obtain accurate results in excellent agreement with the best available equilibrium computations. To do so, we need to clarify the several physical meanings of the dynamic exponent close to the critical temperature.
description: Version to appear in Physical Review B
Fundamentals of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Network
Creators: name: Sherstinsky, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Because of their effectiveness in broad practical applications, LSTM networks have received a wealth of coverage in scientific journals, technical blogs, and implementation guides. However, in most articles, the inference formulas for the LSTM network and its parent, RNN, are stated axiomatically, while the training formulas are omitted altogether. In addition, the technique of "unrolling" an RNN is routinely presented without justification throughout the literature. The goal of this paper is to explain the essential RNN and LSTM fundamentals in a single document. Drawing from concepts in signal processing, we formally derive the canonical RNN formulation from differential equations. We then propose and prove a precise statement, which yields the RNN unrolling technique. We also review the difficulties with training the standard RNN and address them by transforming the RNN into the "Vanilla LSTM" network through a series of logical arguments. We provide all equations pertaining to the LSTM system together with detailed descriptions of its constituent entities. Albeit unconventional, our choice of notation and the method for presenting the LSTM system emphasizes ease of understanding. As part of the analysis, we identify new opportunities to enrich the LSTM system and incorporate these extensions into the Vanilla LSTM network, producing the most general LSTM variant to date. The target reader has already been exposed to RNNs and LSTM networks through numerous available resources and is open to an alternative pedagogical approach. A Machine Learning practitioner seeking guidance for implementing our new augmented LSTM model in software for experimentation and research will find the insights and derivations in this tutorial valuable as well.
description: 43 pages, 10 figures, 78 references
D7.5 Report on results of Life Cycle Assessment analysis
Creators: name: Wilkinson, Daniel
name: Chandler, Nicholas
name: Rohani, Shahab
name: Fluri, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This document is the deliverable D7.5 of the project POLYPHEM. It is planned in the framework of the Work Package 7 (System Modelling and Performance Assessment). In this WP, a life cycle assessment is conducted for the plant prototype. This deliverable builds upon information from WP2.2, WP3, WP4.1, and WP7.2. This cradle-to-gate assessment evaluates the environmental impact of the POLYPHEM prototype. In this work, the different prototype components are broken down and further investigated. The results of this assessment are lastly analysed and benchmarked against other published results.
Exact phase space matching for staging plasma and traditional accelerator components using longitudinally tailored plasma profiles
Creators: name: Xu, X. L.
name: Wu, Y. P.
name: Zhang, C. J.
name: Li, F.
name: Wan, Y.
name: Hua, J. F.
name: Pai, C. -H.
name: Lu, W.
name: Yu, P.
name: An, W.
name: Mori, W. B.
name: Hogan, M. J.
name: Joshi, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase space matching between two plasma-accelerator (PA) stages and between a PA and a traditional accelerator component is a critical issue for emittance preservation of beams accelerated by PAs. The drastic differences of the transverse focusing strengths as the beam propagates between different stages and components may lead to a catastrophic emittance growth in the presence of both finite energy spread and lack of proper matching. We propose using the linear focusing forces from nonlinear wakes in longitudinally tailored plasma density profiles to provide exact phase space matching to properly transport the electron beam through two such stages with negligible emittance growth. Theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell simulations show how these structures may work in four different scenarios. Good agreement between theory and simulation is obtained.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
A Characterization of Rationally Convex Immersions
Creators: name: Mitrea, Octavian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $S$ be a smooth, totally real, compact immersion in $\mathbb{C}^n$ of real dimension $m \leq n$, which is locally polynomially convex and it has finitely many points where it self-intersects finitely many times, transversely or non-transversely. We prove that $S$ is rationally convex if and only if it is isotropic with respect to a "degenerate" Kähler form in $\mathbb{C}^n$.
description: In this second version of the paper, we strengthen the statement of the main theorem, address some typos that the first version contains and enhance the clarity of some parts of the proof of the main result
title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Wildlife Strike Rates in the United States
Creators: name: Parsons, Dan
name: Malouf, Michael
name: Martin, Wayne
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Shortly after the COVID-19 pandemic impacted air traffic, industry bodies warned of the potential increase in wildlife strike risk. Prior to the pandemic, wildlife strikes were already a concern to the industry. We sought to evaluate industry warnings using interrupted time series analysis of wildlife strike trends in the United States. Using pre-pandemic wildlife strike trends, we compared a forecast of the expected monthly strike rates through the COVID-19 impact period (March 2020 to December 2020) to the actual wildlife strike rates for the same period. Our results showed an increase in wildlife strike rates in 5 out of the 10 months analyzed, supporting the need for careful consideration of wildlife strike risk through the industry’s recovery.
De-Biasing the Dynamic Mode Decomposition for Applied Koopman Spectral Analysis
Creators: name: Hemati, Maziar S.
name: Rowley, Clarence W.
name: Deem, Eric A.
name: Cattafesta, Louis N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD)---a popular method for performing data-driven Koopman spectral analysis---has gained increased adoption as a technique for extracting dynamically meaningful spatio-temporal descriptions of fluid flows from snapshot measurements. Often times, DMD descriptions can be used for predictive purposes as well, which enables informed decision-making based on DMD model-forecasts. Despite its widespread use and utility, DMD regularly fails to yield accurate dynamical descriptions when the measured snapshot data are imprecise due to, e.g., sensor noise. Here, we express DMD as a two-stage algorithm in order to isolate a source of systematic error. We show that DMD's first stage, a subspace projection step, systematically introduces bias errors by processing snapshots asymmetrically. To remove this systematic error, we propose utilizing an augmented snapshot matrix in a subspace projection step, as in problems of total least-squares, in order to account for the error present in all snapshots. The resulting unbiased and noise-aware total DMD (TDMD) formulation reduces to standard DMD in the absence of snapshot errors, while the two-stage perspective generalizes the de-biasing framework to other related methods as well. TDMD's performance is demonstrated in numerical and experimental fluids examples.
title: Impact of COVID-19 on Aviation-Wildlife Strikes Across Europe
Creators: name: Metz, Isabel C.
name: Giordano, Marta
name: Ntampakis, Dionysios
name: Moira, Marianna
name: Hamann, Anneke
name: Blijleven, Rosanne
name: Ebert, Jürgen J.
name: Montemaggiori, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Collisions between aircraft and wildlife (i.e., wildlife strikes) pose a serious threat toward the safety of aircraft, its crew, and passengers. The effects of COVID-19 related travel restrictions on wildlife strikes are unknown. With this study, we aim to address this information gap by assessing the changes of wildlife hazard management performance across European airports during the lockdown period (e.g., period of reduced operations and borders closure in spring 2020). We also sought to raise awareness of the importance of wildlife strike prevention in times of reduced operations. The objective of our study was to compare wildlife strike data before and during the lockdown based on the following criteria: (1) the number of wildlife strikes per 10,000 flights, (2) the groups of wildlife species involved, and (3) the lighting conditions. To conduct our research, we analyzed a dataset of 12,528 wildlife strikes, gathered from 157 civil airports across Europe for the period from March 2017 to February 2021. Our analysis revealed a wide variation in the wildlife strike rates during the lockdown (period of time from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021). Our study uncovered an increasing trend of the relative strike rates for almost all wildlife species categories and a slight trend toward more strikes occurring during daytime compared to nighttime. Our findings highlighted the need for continuous wildlife hazard management despite fluctuation in flights and provide potential for airports, airline operators, and other aviation stakeholders to reduce wildlife strike risk.
Benchmarking in cluster analysis: A white paper
Creators: name: Van Mechelen, Iven
name: Boulesteix, Anne-Laure
name: Dangl, Rainer
name: Dean, Nema
name: Guyon, Isabelle
name: Hennig, Christian
name: Leisch, Friedrich
name: Steinley, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62H30

description: Note: A revised version of this is now published. Please cite and read (it's open access): Van Mechelen, I., Boulesteix, A.-L., Dangl, R., Dean, N., Hennig, C., Leisch, F., Steinley, D., Warrens, M. J. (2023). A white paper on good research practices in benchmarking: The case of cluster analysis. WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, e1511. https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1511 To achieve scientific progress in terms of building a cumulative body of knowledge, careful attention to benchmarking is of the utmost importance. This means that proposals of new methods of data pre-processing, new data-analytic techniques, and new methods of output post-processing, should be extensively and carefully compared with existing alternatives, and that existing methods should be subjected to neutral comparison studies. To date, benchmarking and recommendations for benchmarking have been frequently seen in the context of supervised learning. Unfortunately, there has been a dearth of guidelines for benchmarking in an unsupervised setting, with the area of clustering as an important subdomain. To address this problem, discussion is given to the theoretical conceptual underpinnings of benchmarking in the field of cluster analysis by means of simulated as well as empirical data. Subsequently, the practicalities of how to address benchmarking questions in clustering are dealt with, and foundational recommendations are made.
Access to HIV prevention services in East African cross-border areas: a 2016-2017 cross-sectional bio-behavioural study
Creators: name: Virkud, A.V.
name: Herce, M.E.
name: Ssengooba, F.
name: Weir, S.
name: Arimi, P.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Markiewicz, M.
name: Mulholland, G.E.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Introduction: East African cross-border areas are visited by mobile and vulnerable populations, such as men, female sex workers, men who have sex with men, truck drivers, fisher folks and young women. These groups may not benefit from traditional HIV prevention interventions available at the health facilities where they live, but may benefit from services offered at public venues identified as places where people meet new sexual partners (e.g. bars, nightclubs, transportation hubs and guest houses). The goal of this analysis was to estimate availability, access and uptake of prevention services by populations who visit these venues. Methods: We collected cross-sectional data using the Priorities for Local AIDS Control Efforts sampling method at cross-border locations near or along the land and lake borders of Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda from June 2016–February 2017. This bio-behavioural survey captured information from a probability sample of 11,428 individuals at 833 venues across all areas. Data were weighted using survey sampling weights and analysed using methods to account for the complex sampling design. Results: Among the 85.6% of persons who had access to condoms, 60.5% did not use a condom at their last anal or vaginal sexual encounter. Venues visited by high percentages of persons living with HIV were not more likely than other venues to offer condoms. In 12 of the 22 cross-border areas, male or female condoms were available at less than 33% of the venues visited by persons having difficulty accessing condoms. In 17 of the 22 cross-border areas, education outreach visits in the preceding six months occurred at less than 50% of the venues where participants had low effective use of condoms. Conclusions: Individuals visiting venues in cross-border areas report poor access to and low effective use of condoms and other prevention services. Availability of HIV prevention services differed by venue and population type and cross-border area, suggesting opportunities for more granular targeting of HIV prevention interventions and transnational coordination of HIV programming.
Analytic bootstrap at large spin
Creators: name: Kaviraj, Apratim
name: Sen, Kallol
name: Sinha, Aninda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use analytic conformal bootstrap methods to determine the anomalous dimensions and OPE coefficients for large spin operators in general conformal field theories in four dimensions containing a scalar operator of conformal dimension $Δ_ϕ$. It is known that such theories will contain an infinite sequence of large spin operators with twists approaching $2Δ_ϕ+2n$ for each integer $n$. By considering the case where such operators are separated by a twist gap from other operators at large spin, we analytically determine the $n$, $Δ_ϕ$ dependence of the anomalous dimensions. We find that for all $n$, the anomalous dimensions are negative for $Δ_ϕ$ satisfying the unitarity bound. We further compute the first subleading correction at large spin and show that it becomes universal for large twist. In the limit when $n$ is large, we find exact agreement with the AdS/CFT prediction corresponding to the Eikonal limit of a 2-2 scattering with dominant graviton exchange.
description: 34 pages, 4 figures. v6: JHEP version
A Global Diffeomorphism Theorem for Fréchet spaces
Creators: name: Eftekharinasab, Kaveh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give sufficient conditions for a $ C^1_c $-local diffeomorphism between Fréchet spaces to be a global one. We extend the Clarke's theory of generalized gradients to the more general setting of Fréchet spaces. As a consequence, we define the Chang Palais-Smale condition for Lipschitz functions and show that a function which is bounded below and satisfies the Chang Palais-Smale condition at all levels is coercive. We prove a version of the mountain pass theorem for Lipschitz maps in the Fréchet setting and show that along with the Chang Palais-Smale condition we can obtain a global diffeomorphism theorem.
Community detection in sparse networks via Grothendieck's inequality
Creators: name: Guédon, Olivier
name: Vershynin, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62H30, 05C85, 60B20

description: We present a simple and flexible method to prove consistency of semidefinite optimization problems on random graphs. The method is based on Grothendieck's inequality. Unlike the previous uses of this inequality that lead to constant relative accuracy, we achieve any given relative accuracy by leveraging randomness. We illustrate the method with the problem of community detection in sparse networks, those with bounded average degrees. We demonstrate that even in this regime, various simple and natural semidefinite programs can be used to recover the community structure up to an arbitrarily small fraction of misclassified vertices. The method is general; it can be applied to a variety of stochastic models of networks and semidefinite programs.
description: This is the final version, incorporating the referee's comments
Real-world on-treatment and initial treatment absolute risk differences for dabigatran vs warfarin in older US adults
Creators: name: Simpson, R.J.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Lund, J.L.
name: Webster-Clark, M.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Poole, C.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Purpose: Trials and past observational work compared dabigatran and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation, but few reported estimates of absolute harm and benefit under real-world adherence patterns, particularly in older adults that may have differing benefit-harm profiles. We aimed to estimate risk differences for ischemic stroke, death, and gastrointestinal bleeding after initiating dabigatran and warfarin in older adults (a) when patients adhere to treatment and (b) under real-world adherence patterns. Methods: In a 20% sample of nationwide Medicare claims from 2010 to 2015, we identified beneficiaries aged 66 years and older initiating warfarin and dabigatran. We followed individuals from initiation until death or October 2015 (initial treatment, IT) and separately censored individuals' follow-up after drug switches and gaps in supply (on-treatment, OT). We applied inverse probability of treatment and standardized morbidity ratio weights, as well as inverse probability of censoring weights, to estimate two-year risk differences (RDs) for dabigatran vs warfarin. Results: We identified 10,717 dabigatran and 74,891 warfarin initiators. Weighted OT RDs suggested decreased ischemic stroke risk for dabigatran vs warfarin; IT RDs indicated increased or no change in ischemic stroke risk. Regardless of follow-up approach and weighting strategy, risk of death appeared lower and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding appeared higher when comparing dabigatran vs warfarin. Conclusions: Dabigatran use was associated with lower risks of mortality and ischemic stroke in routine care when older adults stayed on treatment. IT analyses suggested that these benefits may be diminished under real-world patterns of switching and discontinuation.
Ordinal Probit Functional Outcome Regression with Application to Computer-Use Behavior in Rhesus Monkeys
Creators: name: Meyer, Mark J.
name: Morris, Jeffrey S.
name: Gazes, Regina Paxton
name: Coull, Brent A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Research in functional regression has made great strides in expanding to non-Gaussian functional outcomes, but exploration of ordinal functional outcomes remains limited. Motivated by a study of computer-use behavior in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), we introduce the Ordinal Probit Functional Outcome Regression model (OPFOR). OPFOR models can be fit using one of several basis functions including penalized B-splines, wavelets, and O'Sullivan splines -- the last of which typically performs best. Simulation using a variety of underlying covariance patterns shows that the model performs reasonably well in estimation under multiple basis functions with near nominal coverage for joint credible intervals. Finally, in application, we use Bayesian model selection criteria adapted to functional outcome regression to best characterize the relation between several demographic factors of interest and the monkeys' computer use over the course of a year. In comparison with a standard ordinal longitudinal analysis, OPFOR outperforms a cumulative-link mixed-effects model in simulation and provides additional and more nuanced information on the nature of the monkeys' computer-use behavior.
Multimodal Task-Driven Dictionary Learning for Image Classification
Creators: name: Bahrampour, Soheil
name: Nasrabadi, Nasser M.
name: Ray, Asok
name: Jenkins, W. Kenneth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dictionary learning algorithms have been successfully used for both reconstructive and discriminative tasks, where an input signal is represented with a sparse linear combination of dictionary atoms. While these methods are mostly developed for single-modality scenarios, recent studies have demonstrated the advantages of feature-level fusion based on the joint sparse representation of the multimodal inputs. In this paper, we propose a multimodal task-driven dictionary learning algorithm under the joint sparsity constraint (prior) to enforce collaborations among multiple homogeneous/heterogeneous sources of information. In this task-driven formulation, the multimodal dictionaries are learned simultaneously with their corresponding classifiers. The resulting multimodal dictionaries can generate discriminative latent features (sparse codes) from the data that are optimized for a given task such as binary or multiclass classification. Moreover, we present an extension of the proposed formulation using a mixed joint and independent sparsity prior which facilitates more flexible fusion of the modalities at feature level. The efficacy of the proposed algorithms for multimodal classification is illustrated on four different applications -- multimodal face recognition, multi-view face recognition, multi-view action recognition, and multimodal biometric recognition. It is also shown that, compared to the counterpart reconstructive-based dictionary learning algorithms, the task-driven formulations are more computationally efficient in the sense that they can be equipped with more compact dictionaries and still achieve superior performance.
description: To appear at IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
THE INTERPRITATIONS OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND THEIR TRANSLATION EQUALENTS
Creators: name: Shodmonova, Khadicha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article is aimed at discussing the issues of phraseology and their interpretation in linguistics and considering alternative options, and as an object of research, which is analyzing phraseological units in English and Uzbek languages. Research methods such as associative, conceptual, contextual, component, lexicographic, linguistic, cultural, semantic cognitive, etymological analysis were used in the exploration. This study presents an analysis of the methodologies used in the translation of idiomatic expressions and phraseological units into English and Uzbek languages.
Replica symmetry breaking in trajectories of a driven Brownian particle
Creators: name: Ueda, Masahiko
name: Sasa, Shin-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a Brownian particle passively driven by a field obeying the noisy Burgers equation. We demonstrate that the system exhibits replica symmetry breaking in the path ensemble with the initial position of the particle being fixed. The key step of the proof is that the path ensemble with a modified boundary condition can be exactly mapped to the canonical ensemble of directed polymers.
description: 12 pages, 16 figures
Dark matter origins of neutrino masses
Creators: name: Huang, Wei-Chih
name: Deppisch, Frank F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple scenario that directly connects the dark matter (DM) and neutrino mass scales. Based on an interaction between the DM particle $χ$ and the neutrino $ν$ of the form $χχνν/Λ^2$, the DM annihilation cross section into the neutrino is determined and a neutrino mass is radiatively induced. Using the observed neutrino mass scale and the DM relic density, the DM mass and the effective scale $Λ$ are found to be of the order MeV and GeV, respectively. We construct an ultraviolet-complete toy model based on the inverse seesaw mechanism which realizes this potential connection between DM and neutrino physics.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. V2: comments on CMB constraints corrected, main conclusions unchanged. V3: clarifications added, version accepted by PRD
Photon structure functions at small $x$ in holographic QCD
Creators: name: Watanabe, Akira
name: Li, Hsiang-nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the photon structure functions at small Bjorken variable $x$ in the framework of the holographic QCD, assuming dominance of the Pomeron exchange. The quasi-real photon structure functions are expressed as convolution of the Brower-Polchinski-Strassler-Tan (BPST) Pomeron kernel and the known wave functions of the U(1) vector field in the five-dimensional AdS space, in which the involved parameters in the BPST kernel have been fixed in previous studies of the nucleon structure functions. The predicted photon structure functions, as confronted with data, provide a clean test of the BPST kernel. The agreement between theoretical predictions and data is demonstrated, which supports applications of holographic QCD to hadronic processes in the nonperturbative region. Our results are also consistent with those derived from the parton distribution functions of the photon proposed by Glück, Reya, and Schienbein, implying realization of the vector meson dominance in the present model setup.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures; v2: version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B, Fig. 2 and clarifications added to Section 3
Combinatorial covers and vanishing of cohomology
Creators: name: Denham, Graham
name: Suciu, Alexander I.
name: Yuzvinsky, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 55T99, Secondary: 14F05, 16E65, 20J05, 32S22, 55N25

description: We use a Mayer-Vietoris-like spectral sequence to establish vanishing results for the cohomology of complements of linear and elliptic hyperplane arrangements, as part of a more general framework involving duality and abelian duality properties of spaces and groups. In the process, we consider cohomology of local systems with a general, Cohen-Macaulay-type condition. As a result, we recover known vanishing theorems for rank-1 local systems as well as group ring coefficients, and obtain new generalizations.
description: 34 pages. To appear in Selecta Mathematica
A formulation of the relaxation phenomenon for lane changing dynamics in an arbitrary car following model
Creators: name: Keane, Ronan
name: Gao, H. Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lane changing dynamics are an important part of traffic microsimulation and are vital for modeling weaving sections and merge bottlenecks. However, there is often much more emphasis placed on car following and gap acceptance models, whereas lane changing dynamics such as tactical, cooperation, and relaxation models receive comparatively little attention. This paper develops a general relaxation model which can be applied to an arbitrary parametric or nonparametric microsimulation model. The relaxation model modifies car following dynamics after a lane change, when vehicles can be far from equilibrium. Relaxation prevents car following models from reacting too strongly to the changes in space headway caused by lane changing, leading to more accurate and realistic simulated trajectories. We also show that relaxation is necessary for correctly simulating traffic breakdown with realistic values of capacity drop.
Invisible sensor: Simultaneous sensing and camouflaging in multiphysical fields
Creators: name: Yang, Tian-Zhi
name: Bai, Xue
name: Gao, Dongliang
name: Wu, Linzhi
name: Li, Baowen
name: Thong, John T. L.
name: Qiu, Cheng-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To manipulate various types of physical signals in one single device has long captivated the attention of scientists and engineers. This however is very challenging, if not impossible, even for emerging metamaterials. Up to date, many artificial materials have been proposed, theoretically and (or) experimentally, for manipulating various waves/signals on a one-function-one-device basis. In this work, for the very first time, we employ undecorated natural materials to experimentally demonstrate a simultaneous camouflage for thermal current and electric dc current on the same device. It demonstrates how ingenuity can overcome the limitations of natural material systems without the need for complex decoration to impart inhomogeneous and (or) anisotropic properties, which was previously considered impossible to accomplish except by using metamaterials.
description: The paper has been published on Advanced Materials, 2015
Gravito-optics and intensity correlations for binary inspiral signal detections
Creators: name: Jones, Preston
name: Barrett, Alexander
name: Carpenter, Justin
name: Gretarsson, Andri
name: Gretarsson, Ellie
name: Hughey, Brennan
name: Singleton, Douglas
name: Smith, Darrel
name: Zanolin, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the correlation functions associated with intensity interferometry and gravito-optics of gravitational wave signals from compact binary coalescences. Previous theoretical studies of the gravito-optics of gravitational waves has concentrated on the characterization of both the classical and the non-classical properties of signals from cosmological sources in the early Universe. These previous works assume a periodic signal similar to the signals studied widely in optics and quantum optics and do not apply to transient signals. We develop the gravito-optics of intensity correlations for descriptions of the detection of transient signals from compact binary coalescences and apply these methods to calculate the two-point intensity correlations for the gravitational wave discovery. We also discuss the necessary theoretical work required for the description of the quantum gravito-optics of intensity correlations in the detection of signals from binary inspirals.
description: Revised consistent with the published version
Two-stage g-computation: Evaluating treatment and intervention impacts in observational cohorts when exposure information is partly missing
Creators: name: Breger, T.L.
name: Adimora, A.A.
name: Cole, S.R.
name: Pence, B.W.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Westreich, D.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2020

description: Illustrations of the g-computation algorithm to evaluate population average treatment and intervention effects have been predominantly implemented in settings with complete exposure information. Thus, worked examples of approaches to handle missing data in this causal framework are needed to facilitate wider use of these estimators. We illustrate two-stage g-computation estimators that leverage partially observed information on the full study sample and complete exposure information on a subset to estimate causal effects. In a hypothetical cohort of 1,623 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women with 30% complete opioid prescription information, we illustrate a two-stage extrapolation g-computation estimator for the average treatment effect of shorter or longer duration opioid prescriptions; we further illustrate two-stage inverse probability weighting and imputation g-computation estimators for the average intervention effect of shortening the duration of prescriptions relative to the status quo. Two-stage g-computation estimators approximated the true risk differences for the population average treatment and intervention effects while g-computation fit to the subset of complete cases was biased. In 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations, two-stage approaches considerably reduced bias and mean squared error and improved the coverage of 95% confidence limits. Although missing data threaten validity and precision, two-stage g-computation designs offer principled approaches to handling missing information.
Geometry of geodesics through Busemann measures in directed last-passage percolation
Creators: name: Janjigian, Christopher
name: Rassoul-Agha, Firas
name: Seppäläinen, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37H99, 37L55, 49L99, 60G57, 60K35, 60K37, 82C23, 82C43

description: We consider planar directed last-passage percolation on the square lattice with general i.i.d. weights and study the geometry of the full set of semi-infinite geodesics in a typical realization of the random environment. The structure of the geodesics is studied through the properties of the Busemann functions viewed as a stochastic process indexed by the asymptotic direction. Our results are further connected to the ergodic program for and stability properties of random Hamilton-Jacobi equations. In the exactly solvable exponential model, our results specialize to give the first complete characterization of the uniqueness and coalescence structure of the entire family of semi-infinite geodesics for any model of this type. Furthermore, we compute statistics of locations of instability, where we discover an unexpected connection to simple symmetric random walk.
description: Fixed a few typos. Page layout changed. 59 pages, 13 figures
MPEC 2024-R273 : 2024 RZ12
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 RZ12

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Charged mediators in dark matter scattering with nuclei and the strangeness content of nucleons: Strange Brew
Creators: name: Kelso, Chris
name: Kumar, Jason
name: Sandick, Pearl
name: Stengel, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a scenario, within the framework of the MSSM, in which dark matter is bino-like and dark matter-nucleon spin-independent scattering occurs via the exchange of light squarks which exhibit left-right mixing. We show that direct detection experiments such as LUX and SuperCDMS will be sensitive to a wide class of such models through spin-independent scattering. Moreover, these models exhibit properties, such as isospin violation, that are not typically observed for the MSSM LSP if scattering occurs primarily through Higgs exchange. The dominant nuclear physics uncertainty is the quark content of the nucleon, particularly the strangeness content.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures; as published in PRD with fixed typo in Table 1 caption
Estimating a set of mortality risk functions with multiple contributing causes of death
Creators: name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Saag, M.
name: Cole, S.R.
name: Eron, J.J.
name: Moore, R.D.
name: Breger, T.L.
name: Rebeiro, P.F.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2020

description: Background: There are few methodologic examples of how multiple causes of death may be summarized in cause-specific mortality analyses to address limitations of attributing death to a single underlying cause. We propose a cause-of-death weighting approach to estimate the set of risk functions of specific causes of mortality using both underlying and contributing cause-of-death information. Methods: We constructed weights according to a user-specified function. Using data from four southern US human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics, we constructed a cause of death-weighted Aalen-Johansen estimator of the cumulative incidence function to estimate risks of five specific causes of mortality in the full sample and by injection drug use history. Results: Among 7740 HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy between 1999 and 2014, the 8-year risk of all-cause mortality was 17.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 16.5, 18.4]. The cause of death-weighted risk of HIV-related mortality was 6.7% (95% CI = 6.0, 7.3) and accounted for 39% (95% CI = 35, 42) of total mortality risk. This compared with 10.2% (95% CI = 9.2, 11.2) using only the underlying cause, in which case HIV-related deaths accounted for nearly 60% of total mortality risk. The proportion attributable to cardiovascular disease among those whose HIV risk factor was injection drug use was twice as high using cause-of-death weights compared with only the underlying cause (8%; 95% CI = 5, 11 vs 4%; 95% CI = 1, 6). Conclusion: Using cause of death-weighted estimators to incorporate multiple causes of death may yield different conclusions regarding the importance of certain causes of mortality. See video abstract: http://links.lww.com/EDE/B706.
Conservation genomics of the threatened western spadefoot, Spea hammondii, in urbanized southern California
Creators: name: Neal, Kevin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60411 Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 50202 Conservation and Biodiversity

description: Genetic data, R scripts, and raster (map) data for research on western spadefoots of Orange County
On pseudoconformal blow-up solutions to the self-dual Chern-Simons-Schrödinger equation: existence, uniqueness, and instability
Creators: name: Kim, Kihyun
name: Kwon, Soonsik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B44, 35Q55

description: We consider the self-dual Chern-Simons-Schrödinger equation (CSS). CSS is $L^{2}$-critical, admits solitons, and has the pseudoconformal symmetry. In this work, we consider pseudoconformal blow-up solutions under $m$-equivariance, $m\geq1$. Our result is threefold. Firstly, we construct a pseudoconformal blow-up solution $u$ with given asymptotic profile $z^{\ast}$: \[ \Big[u(t,r)-\frac{1}{|t|}Q\Big(\frac{r}{|t|}\Big)e^{-i\frac{r^{2}}{4|t|}}\Big]e^{imθ}\to z^{\ast}\qquad\text{in }H^{1} \] as $t\to0^{-}$, where $Q(r)e^{imθ}$ is a static solution. Secondly, we show that such blow-up solutions are unique in a suitable class. Lastly, we exhibit an instability mechanism of $u$. We construct a continuous family of solutions $u^{(η)}$, $0\leqη\ll1$, such that $u^{(0)}=u$ and for $η>0$, $u^{(η)}$ is a global scattering solution exhibiting a rotational instability as $η\to0^{+}$: $u^{(η)}$ takes an abrupt spatial rotation by the angle \[ \Big(\frac{m+1}{m}\Big)π\] on the time interval $|t|\lesssimη$. We are inspired by works in the $L^{2}$-critical NLS. In the seminal work of Bourgain and Wang (1997), they constructed such pseudoconformal blow-up solutions. Merle, Raphaël, and Szeftel (2013) showed an instability of Bourgain-Wang solutions. Although CSS shares many features with NLS, there are essential differences and obstacles over NLS. To name a few, the soliton profile to CSS shows a slow decay $r^{-(m+2)}$, CSS has nonlocal nonlinearities responsible for strong long-range interactions, and the instability mechanism of CSS is completely different from that of NLS. Here, the phase rotation is the main source of the instability. On the other hand, the self-dual structure of CSS is our sponsor to overcome these obstacles. We exploited the self-duality in many places such as the linearization, spectral properties, and construction of modified profiles.
description: 117 pages
Supersymmetric quantum spin chains and classical integrable systems
Creators: name: Tsuboi, Zengo
name: Zabrodin, Anton
name: Zotov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For integrable inhomogeneous supersymmetric spin chains (generalized graded magnets) constructed employing Y(gl(N|M))-invariant R-matrices in finite-dimensional representations we introduce the master T-operator which is a sort of generating function for the family of commuting quantum transfer matrices. Any eigenvalue of the master T-operator is the tau-function of the classical mKP hierarchy. It is a polynomial in the spectral parameter which is identified with the 0-th time of the hierarchy. This implies a remarkable relation between the quantum supersymmetric spin chains and classical many-body integrable systems of particles of the Ruijsenaars-Schneider type. As an outcome, we obtain a system of algebraic equations for the spectrum of the spin chain Hamiltonians.
description: 44 pages, v2: minor corrections
The Silver Bullet Against Global Warming
Creators: name: Dansson, Raiyan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: classificationCode: 410404
subject: Environmental management
classificationCode: 410402
subject: Environmental assessment and monitoring
classificationCode: 440704
subject: Environment policy

description: A journal report assessing the importance of wetlands to our ecosystem and evaluation of past restoration efforts.