cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cortical thinning in persons at increased familial risk for major depression
Creators: name: Zhu, H.
name: Bansal, R.
name: Adams, P. B.
name: Peterson, B. S.
name: Wickramaratne, P.
name: Weissman, M. M.
name: Hao, X.
name: Liu, J.
name: Durkin, K.
name: Warner, V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The brain disturbances that place a person at risk for developing depression are unknown. We imaged the brains of 131 individuals, ages 6 to 54 years, who were biological descendants (children or grandchildren) of individuals identified as having either moderate to severe, recurrent, and functionally debilitating depression or as having no lifetime history of depression. We compared cortical thickness across high- and low-risk groups, detecting large expanses of cortical thinning across the lateral surface of the right cerebral hemisphere in persons at high risk. Thinning correlated with measures of current symptom severity, inattention, and visual memory for social and emotional stimuli. Mediator analyses indicated that cortical thickness mediated the associations of familial risk with inattention, visual memory, and clinical symptoms. These findings suggest that cortical thinning in the right hemisphere produces disturbances in arousal, attention, and memory for social stimuli, which in turn may increase the risk of developing depressive illness.
Strain induced $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological insulating state of $β$-As$_2$Te$_3$
Creators: name: Pal, Koushik
name: Waghmare, Umesh V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological insulators are non-trivial quantum states of matter which exhibit a gap in the electronic structure of their bulk form, but a gapless metallic electronic spectrum at the surface. Here, we predict a uniaxial strain induced electronic topological transition (ETT) from a band to topological insulating state in the rhombohedral phase (space group: R$\bar{3}$m) of As$_2$Te$_3$ ($β$-As$_2$Te$_3$) through \textit{first-principles} calculations including spin-orbit coupling within density functional theory. The ETT in $β$-As$_2$Te$_3$ is shown to occur at the uniaxial strain $ε_{zz}$ = -0.05 ($σ_{zz}$=1.77 GPa), passing through a Weyl metallic state with a single Dirac cone in its electronic structure at the $Γ$ point. We demonstrate the ETT through band inversion and reversal of parity of the top of the valence and bottom of the conduction bands leading to change in the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological invariant $ν_0$ from 0 to 1 across the transition. Based on its electronic structure and phonon dispersion, we propose ultra-thin films of As$_2$Te$_3$ to be promising for use in ultra-thin stress sensors, charge pumps and thermoelectrics.
Diminished dosage of 22q11 genes disrupts neurogenesis and cortical development in a mouse model of 22q11 deletion/DiGeorge syndrome
Creators: name: Meechan, D. W.
name: LaMantia, A.-S.
name: Maynard, T. M.
name: Tucker, E. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The 22q11 deletion (or DiGeorge) syndrome (22q11DS), the result of a 1.5- to 3-megabase hemizygous deletion on human chromosome 22, results in dramatically increased susceptibility for “diseases of cortical connectivity” thought to arise during development, including schizophrenia and autism. We show that diminished dosage of the genes deleted in the 1.5-megabase 22q11 minimal critical deleted region in a mouse model of 22q11DS specifically compromises neurogenesis and subsequent differentiation in the cerebral cortex. Proliferation of basal, but not apical, progenitors is disrupted, and subsequently, the frequency of layer 2/3, but not layer 5/6, projection neurons is altered. This change is paralleled by aberrant distribution of parvalbumin-labeled interneurons in upper and lower cortical layers. Deletion of Tbx1 or Prodh (22q11 genes independently associated with 22q11DS phenotypes) does not similarly disrupt basal progenitors. However, expression analysis implicates additional 22q11 genes that are selectively expressed in cortical precursors. Thus, diminished 22q11 gene dosage disrupts cortical neurogenesis and interneuron migration. Such developmental disruption may alter cortical circuitry and establish vulnerability for developmental disorders, including schizophrenia and autism.
Early-stage star forming cloud cores in GLIMPSE Extended Green Objects (EGOs) as traced by organic species
Creators: name: Ge, Jixing
name: He, Jinhua
name: Chen, Xi
name: Takahashi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to investigate the physical and chemical properties of massive star forming cores in early stages, we analyse the excitation and abundance of four organic species, CH3OH, CH3OCH3, HCOOCH3 and CH3CH2CN, toward 29 Extended Green Object (EGO) cloud cores that were observed by our previous single dish spectral line survey. The EGO cloud cores are found to have similar methanol J_3-J_2 rotation temperatures of ~44 K, a typical linear size of ~0.036 pc, and a typical beam averaged methanol abundance of several 10^(-9) (the beam corrected value could reach several 10^(-7)). The abundances of the latter three species, normalized by that of methanol, are found to be correlated also across a large variety of clouds such as EGO cloud cores, hot corinos, massive hot cores and Galactic Center clouds. The chemical properties of the EGO cloud cores lie between that of hot cores and hot corinos. However, the abundances and abundance ratios of the four species can not be satisfactorily explained by recent chemical models either among the EGO cloud cores or among the various types of cloud cores from literature.
New Independence Referendum in Scotland? Is the United Kingdom moving closer to continental Europe?
Creators: name: González Campañá, Núria
Publisher: name: Eurac Research
Year: 2023

description: Every now and then, in some corner of the world, a legal news item linked to pro-secession lawsuits pops up. On this occasion, a UK Supreme Court decision made on 23 November 2022, has once again put the spotlight on the Scottish independence movement. Some lessons from the UK could be useful for Spain and, above all, shed light on some constitutional complexes.
A SELECTIVE ER-PHAGY EXERTS PROCOLLAGEN QUALITY CONTROL VIA A CALNEXIN-FAM134B COMPLEX
Creators: name: DE LEONIBUS, CHIARA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest cellular organelle adapting dynamically to cope with cellular stress and high demand of newly synthesized proteins. Protein misfolding eventually occurs in the ER and leads to protein aggregation and ER dysfunction. Mammals have developed evolutionary-conserved quality control mechanisms at the ER. ER-phagy is a novel identified pathway targeting ER portions via autophagy for lysosomal degradation. This process occurs through ER-phagy receptors, ER proteins that bind autophagosomal LC3 protein via a cytosolic LC3 interacting domain. However, the importance of ER-phagy in maintaining cellular homeostasis is still undiscovered. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms that regulate ER-phagy according to cellular needs are still largely unknown. Chondrocytes and osteoblasts are highly secretory cells with an abundant ER, producing predominantly procollagen (PC) molecules in the extracellular matrix during endochondral ossification. They reside in a poorly vascularized tissue as the growth plate with scarcity of nutrients, representing a good cellular model to study ER-phagy. We have characterized ER- phagy in PC producing cells, serving as a cellular pathway that selectively recognizes misfolded PC in the ER lumen. Specifically we found that the ER chaperone CALNEXIN acts as co-receptor that recognizes ER-luminal misfolded PC and interacts with the ER- phagy receptor FAM134B. In turn, FAM134B binds the autophagosome membrane- associated protein LC3 and delivers a portion of ER containing both CALNEXIN and PC to the lysosome for degradation. Moreover, we identified ER-phagy as a transcriptionally induced mechanism by induction of FAM134B expression during starvation and upon FGF signaling, a critical regulator of chondrocyte differentiation. In vivo, FAM134B knock-down in Medaka fish dampened cartilage growth and bone formation, suggesting a physiological function of ER-phagy during skeletogenesis. Taken together, these data unveil a role for FAM134B-dependent ER-phagy in maintaining cellular fitness in PC producing cells and suggest potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of skeletal features in multiple human diseases.
Distinct subsets of unmyelinated primary sensory fibers mediate behavioral responses to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli
Creators: name: Anderson, D. J.
name: Lo, L.
name: Shields, S. D.
name: Basbaum, A. I.
name: Lee, H.
name: Zylka, M. J.
name: Cavanaugh, D. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Behavioral responses to painful stimuli require peripheral sensory neurons called nociceptors. Electrophysiological studies show that most C-fiber nociceptors are polymodal (i.e., respond to multiple noxious stimulus modalities, such as mechanical and thermal); nevertheless, these stimuli are perceived as distinct. Therefore, it is believed that discrimination among these modalities only occurs at spinal or supraspinal levels of processing. Here, we provide evidence to the contrary. Genetic ablation in adulthood of unmyelinated sensory neurons expressing the G protein-coupled receptor Mrgprd reduces behavioral sensitivity to noxious mechanical stimuli but not to heat or cold stimuli. Conversely, pharmacological ablation of the central branches of TRPV1+ nociceptors, which constitute a nonoverlapping population, selectively abolishes noxious heat pain sensitivity. Combined elimination of both populations yielded an additive phenotype with no additional behavioral deficits, ruling out a redundant contribution of these populations to heat and mechanical pain sensitivity. This double-dissociation suggests that the brain can distinguish different noxious stimulus modalities from the earliest stages of sensory processing.
Spectral order statistics of Gaussian random matrices: large deviations for trapped fermions and associated phase transitions
Creators: name: Castillo, Isaac Pérez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the full order statistics of a one-dimensional gas of fermions in a harmonic trap at zero temperature, including its large deviation tails. The problem amounts to computing the probability distribution of the $k$th smallest eigenvalue $λ_{(k)}$ of a large dimensional Gaussian random matrix. We find that this probability behaves for large $N$ as $\mathcal{P}[λ_{(k)}=x]\approx \exp\left(-βN^2 ψ(k/N,x)\right)$, where $β$ is the Dyson index of the ensemble. The rate function $ψ(c,x)$, computed explicitly as a function of $x$ in terms of the intensive label $c=k/N$, has a quadratic behavior modulated by a weak logarithmic singularity at its minimum. This is shown to be related to phase transitions in the associated Coulomb gas problem. The connection with statistics of extreme eigenvalues of random matrices is also elucidated.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Version 2: author list changed, acknowledges changed
DNA relaxation dynamics as a probe for the intracellular environment
Creators: name: Ballenger, M.
name: Haase, J.
name: Superfine, R.
name: Fisher, J. K.
name: Bloom, K.
name: O'Brien, E. T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Investigations into the biophysical properties of single molecules traditionally involve well defined in vitro systems where parameters such as solvent viscosity and applied forces are known a priori. These systems provide means to develop models describing the polymers response to a variety of conditions, including the entropically driven relaxation of a stretched biopolymer upon release of the tension inducing force. While these techniques have proven instrumental for recent advancements in the fields of polymer physics and biophysics, how applicable they are to life inside the cell remains poorly understood. Here we report an investigation of in vivo stretched polymer relaxation dynamics using chromatin relaxation following the breakage of a dicentric chromosome subjected to microtubule-based spindle forces. Additionally, we have developed an in vitro system used to verify the conformations observed during the in vivo relaxation, including the predicted but previously unidentified taut conformation. These observations motivate our use of existing polymer models to determine both the in vivo viscosity as seen by the relaxing chromatin and the tension force applied by the microtubule-based spindle in vivo. As a result, the technique described herein may be used as a biophysical strategy to probe the intranuclear environment.
Unusual weak magnetic exchange in two different structure types: YbPt$_2$Sn and YbPt$_2$In
Creators: name: Gruner, Thomas
name: Jang, Dongjin
name: Steppke, Alexander
name: Brando, Manuel
name: Ritter, Franz
name: Krellner, Cornelius
name: Geibel, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the structural, magnetic, thermodynamic, and transport properties of the two new compounds YbPt$_2$Sn and YbPt$_2$In. X-ray powder diffraction shows that they crystallize in different structure types, the hexagonal ZrPt$_2$Al and the cubic Heusler type, respectively. Despite quite different lattice types, both compounds present very similar magnetic properties: a stable trivalent Yb$^{3+}$, no evidence for a sizeable Kondo interaction, and very weak exchange interactions with a strength below 1K as deduced from specific heat $C(T)$. Broad anomalies in $C(T)$ suggest short range magnetic ordering at about 250mK and 180mK for YbPt$_2$Sn and YbPt$_2$In, respectively. The weak exchange and the low ordering temperature result in a large magnetocaloric effect as deduced from the magnetic field dependence of $C(T)$, making these compounds interesting candidates for magnetic cooling. In addition we found in YbPt$_2$In evidences for a charge density wave transition at about 290K. The occurrence of such transitions within several RET$_2$X compound series (RE = rare earth, T = noble metal, X = In, Sn) is analyzed.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Area and Feature Guided Regularised Random Forest: a novel method for predictive modelling of binary phenomena. The case of illegal landfill in Canary Island
Creators: name: Quesada-Ruiz, Lorenzo Carlos
name: Rodriguez-Galiano, Victor Francisco
name: Zurita-Milla, Raúl
name: Izquierdo-Verdiguier, Emma
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: This paper presents a novel method, Area and Feature Guided Regularised Random Forest (AFGRRF), applied for modelling binary geographic phenomenon (occurrence versus absence). AFGRRF is a wrapper feature-selection method based on a previous modification of Random Forest (RF), namely the Guided Regularised Random Forest (GRRF). AFGRRF produces maps that minimise the affected area without a significant difference in accuracy. For this, it tunes the GRRF hyper-parameters according to a trade of between True Positive Rate and the affected area (Success Rate). AFGRRF also addresses the ‘Rashomon effect’ or the multiplicity of good models. The proposed method was tested to model illegal landfills in Gran Canaria Island (Spain). AFGRRF performance was compared to that of other RF-based methods: (i) standard RF; (ii) Area Random Forest (ARF); (iii) Feature Random Forest (FRF); (iv) Area Feature Random Forest (AFRF) and (v) GRRF. AFGRRF predicted the smallest affected area, 19% of the island, at a similar True Positive Rate. This percentage is substantially smaller than the one predicted by RF (27.43%), ARF (26%), FRF (27.78%), AFRF (23%) and GRRF (29.67%).
DNA-binding specificity and in vivo targets of Caenorhabditis elegans nuclear factor I
Creators: name: Lazakovitch, E.
name: Lieb, J. D.
name: Gronostajski, R. M.
name: Whittle, C. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The conserved nuclear factor I (NFI) family of transcription factors is unique to animals and essential for mammalian development. The Caenorhabditis elegans genome encodes a single NFI family member, whereas vertebrate genomes encode 4 distinct NFI protein subtypes (A, B, C, and X). NFI-1-deficient worms exhibit abnormalities, including reduced lifespan, defects in movement and pharyngeal pumping, and delayed egg-laying. To explore the functional basis of these phenotypes, we sought to comprehensively identify NFI-1-bound loci in C. elegans. We first established NFI-1 DNA-binding specificity using an in vitro DNA-selection strategy. Analysis yielded a consensus motif of TTGGCA(N)3TGCCAA, which occurs 586 times in the genome, a 100-fold higher frequency than expected. We next asked which sites were occupied by NFI-1 in vivo by performing chromatin immunoprecipitation of NFI-1 followed by microarray hybridization. Only 55 genomic locations were identified, an unexpectedly small target set. In vivo NFI-1 binding sites tend to be upstream of genes involved in core cellular processes, such as chromatin remodeling, mRNA splicing, and translation. Remarkably, 59 out of 70 (84%) of the C. briggsae orthologs of the identified targets contain conserved NFI binding sites in their promoters. These experiments provide a foundation for understanding how NFI-1 is recruited to unexpectedly few in vivo sites to perform its developmental functions, despite a vast over-representation of its binding motif.
Duality solutions to the hard-congestion model for the dissipative Aw-Rascle system
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, Nilasis
name: Mehmood, Muhammed Ali
name: Perrin, Charlotte
name: Zatorska, Ewelina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We introduce the notion of duality solution for the hard-congestion model on the real line, and additionally prove an existence result for this class of solutions. Our study revolves around the analysis of a generalised Aw-Rascle system, where the offset function is replaced by the gradient of a singular function, such as ρnγ, where γ→∞. We prove that under suitable assumptions on the initial data, solutions to the Aw-Rascle system converge towards the so-called duality solutions, which have previously found applications in other systems which exhibit compressive dynamics. We also prove that one can obtain weak solutions to the limiting system under stricter assumptions on the initial data. Finally, we discuss (non-)uniqueness issues.
NLO QCD corrections to Single Top and W associated production at the LHC with forward detector acceptances
Creators: name: Sun, Hao
name: Liu, Wei
name: Wang, Xiao-Juan
name: Zhou, Ya-Jin
name: Hou, Hong-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the Single Top and W boson associated photoproduction via the main reaction $\rm pp\rightarrow pγp\rightarrow pW^{\pm}t+Y$ at the 14 TeV Large Hadron Collider (LHC) up to next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD level assuming a typical LHC multipurpose forward detector. We use the Five-Flavor-Number Schemes (5FNS) with massless bottom quark assumption in the whole calculation. Our results show that the QCD NLO corrections can reduce the scale uncertainty. The typical K-factors are in the range of 1.15 to 1.2 which lead to the QCD NLO corrections of 15$%$ to 20$%$ correspond to the leading-order (LO) predictions with our chosen parameters.
description: 41pages, 12figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1106.2890 by other authors
GEOGloWS - Validation of the GEOGloWS ECMWF Streamflow Services Historical Simulation
Creators: name: Brigham Young University (BYU)
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022

description: This Knowledge Package presents how you can use your own local observations to evaluate the performance of the model for your rivers. The Streamflow Service generates historical simulated streamflow data from 1979-present, which is available through an API service. 
Read more about the Streamflow Services on https://geoglows.ecmwf.int/
E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 regulates the stability and functions of MTA1
Creators: name: Reddy, S. D. N.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Rayala, S. K.
name: Kumar, R.
name: Ohshiro, K.
name: Pakala, S. B.
name: Li, D.-Q.
name: Lee, M.-H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), a component of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NuRD) complex, is widely upregulated in human cancers. However, the mechanism for regulating its protein stability remains unknown. Here we report that MTA1 is an ubiquitinated protein and targeted by the RING-finger E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (COP1) for degradation via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Induced expression of wild-type COP1 but not its RING motif mutants promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of MTA1, indicating that the ligase activity is required for the COP1-mediated proteolysis of MTA1. Conversely, depletion of endogenous COP1 resulted in a marked decrease in MTA1 ubiquitination, accompanied by a pronounced accumulation of MTA1 protein. MTA1, in turn, destabilizes COP1 by promoting its autoubiquitination, thus creating a tight feedback loop that regulates both MTA1 and COP1 protein stability. Accordingly, disruption of the COP1-mediated proteolysis by ionizing radiation leads to MTA1 stabilization, accompanied by an increased coregulatory function of MTA1 on its target. Furthermore, we discovered that MTA1 is required for optimum DNA double-strand break repair after ionizing radiation. These findings provide novel insights into the regulation of MTA1 protein and reveal a novel function of MTA1 in DNA damage response.
The quantum Bell-Ziv-Zakai bounds and Heisenberg limits for waveform estimation
Creators: name: Berry, Dominic W.
name: Tsang, Mankei
name: Hall, Michael J. W.
name: Wiseman, Howard M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose quantum versions of the Bell-Ziv-Zakai lower bounds on the error in multiparameter estimation. As an application we consider measurement of a time-varying optical phase signal with stationary Gaussian prior statistics and a power law spectrum $\sim 1/|ω|^p$, with $p>1$. With no other assumptions, we show that the mean-square error has a lower bound scaling as $1/{\cal N}^{2(p-1)/(p+1)}$, where ${\cal N}$ is the time-averaged mean photon flux. Moreover, we show that this accuracy is achievable by sampling and interpolation, for any $p>1$. This bound is thus a rigorous generalization of the Heisenberg limit, for measurement of a single unknown optical phase, to a stochastically varying optical phase.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, comments welcome
Stochastic homogenization of nonconvex viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations in one space dimension
Creators: name: Davini, Andrea
name: Kosygina, Elena
name: Yilmaz, Atilla
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: We prove homogenization for viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations with a Hamiltonian of the form G(p)+V(x,ω) for a wide class of stationary ergodic random media in one space dimension. The momentum part G(p) of the Hamiltonian is a general (nonconvex) continuous function with superlinear growth at infinity, and the potential V(x,ω) is bounded and Lipschitz continuous. The class of random media we consider is defined by an explicit hill and valley condition on the diffusivity-potential pair which is fulfilled as long as the environment is not “rigid”.
title: Indifference Graphs and the Single Row Routing Problem
Creators: name: Looges, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: This thesis investigates the subclass of interval graphs known as indifference graphs. New optimal algorithms for recognition, center, diameter, maximum matching, Hamiltonian path and domination in indifference graphs are presented. The recognition algorithm produces a linear order with properties which allow the solution of the other problems in linear time. Indifference graphs are further applied to the single row routing problem which results in both sequential,. and parallel routing algorithms.
Quantum entanglement and position-momentum entropic squeezing of a moving Lambda-type three-level atom interacting with a single-mode quantized field with intensity-dependent coupling
Creators: name: Faghihi, M. J.
name: Tavassoly, M. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the interaction between a moving $Λ$-type three-level atom and a single-mode cavity field in the presence of intensity-dependent atom-field coupling. After obtaining the state vector of the entire system explicitly, we study the nonclassical features of the system such as quantum entanglement, position-momentum entropic squeezing, quadrature squeezing and sub-Poissonian statistics. According to the obtained numerical results we illustrate that the squeezed period, the duration of entropy squeezing and the maximal squeezing can be controlled by choosing the appropriate nonlinearity function together with entering the atomic motion effect by suitably selection of the field-mode structure parameter. Also, the atomic motion, as well as the nonlinearity function leads to the oscillatory behaviour of the degree of entanglement between the atom and field.
description: 15 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1303.4106
e-shape pilot S4-P1 - mySPACE
Creators: name: ADAMO, Maria Patrizia
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: Protected Areas
Ecosystems
Essential Biodiversity Variables
e-shape
CNR IIA
European Commission
H2020
Group on Earth Observation
GEO
EuroGEO
H2020 ECOPOTENTIAL
Ecosystem Showcase
Snow Cover Extent
Snow Cover Duration
Hydroperiod
GPP
Phenology

description: In order to secure ecosystem benefits under increasingly anthropogenic pressures , knowledge-based conservation, management and restoration policies are needed. The key to that is data services that encompass effective monitoring (combined Remote sensing RS and insitu) and modelling of the trends and states of the ecosystem and its services. The H2020 ECOPOTENTIAL produced a wide-ranging set of RS variables for an ensemble of 25 Protected Areas (PAs) covering the biogeographical regions of Europe with a focus on arid, mountain, and coastal ecosystems. The selection of variables was co-designed with the PA staff on-site (narratives) that link the ecosystem state and its changes to the drivers of change and to the essential variables to be effectively monitored. MySPACE will extend the approach (workflows and procedures) to quantify current and expected changes in a larger ensemble of sitesAcknowledgmentThe e-shape project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 820852.
Stakeholder interpretation of probabilistic representations of uncertainty in spatial information: an example on the nutritional quality of staple crops
Creators: name: Chagumaira, Christopher
name: Nalivata, Patson C.
name: Chimungu, Joseph G.
name: Gashu, Dawd
name: Broadley, Martin R.
name: Milne, Alice E.
name: Lark, R. Murray
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Spatial information, inferred from samples, is needed for decision-making, but is uncertain. One way to convey uncertain information is with probabilities (e.g. that a value falls below a critical threshold). We examined how different professional groups (agricultural scientists or health and nutrition experts) interpret information, presented this way, when making a decision about interventions to address human selenium (Se) deficiency. The information provided was a map, either of the probability that Se concentration in local staple grain falls below a nutritionally-significant threshold (negative framing) or of the probability that grain Se concentration is above the threshold (positive framing). There was evidence for an effect of professional group and of framing on the decision process. Negative framing led to more conservative decisions; intervention was recommended at a smaller probability that the grain Se is inadequate than if the question were framed positively, and the decisions were more comparable between professional groups under negative framing. Our results show the importance of framing in probabilistic presentations of uncertainty, and of the background of the interpreter. Our experimental approach could be used to elicit threshold probabilities which represent the preferences of stakeholder communities to support them in the interpretation of uncertain information.
Epigenetic activation of unintegrated HIV-1 genomes by gut-associated short chain fatty acids and its implications for HIV infection
Creators: name: Ma, H.
name: Kafri, T.
name: Webster-Cyriaque, J.
name: Kantor, B.
name: Monahan, P. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Integration of HIV-1 linear DNA into the host chromatin is an essential step in the viral life cycle. However, the majority of reverse-transcribed, nuclear-imported viral genomes remain episomal, either as linear or circular DNA. To date, these nonintegrated viral genomes are largely considered “dead-end products” of reverse transcription. Indeed, limited gene expression from nonintegrated HIV-1 has been reported, although the mechanism that renders nonintegrating HIV-1 genomes incapable of supporting efficient viral replication has not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that nonintegrating HIV-1 and HIV-1-based vector genomes are organized into chromatin structures and enriched with histone modifications typical of transcriptionally silenced chromatin. Gene expression and replication of nonintegrating HIV-1 was notably increased in vitro upon exposure to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) in the form of various short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) known to be endogenously produced by normal microbial-gut flora. Furthermore, we demonstrated genetic and functional crosstalk between episomal and integrated vector/viral genomes, resulting in recombination between integrated and nonintegrated HIV-1, as well as mobilization of episomal vector genomes by productive viral particles encoded by integrated viral genomes. Finally, we propose a mechanism describing the role of episomal HIV-1 forms in the viral life cycle in a SCFA-rich gut environment.
MPEC 2024-S02 : 2016 QZ158
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
title: The Diagnostic of psoriatic arthritis
title: Le diagnostic du rhumatisme psoriasique
Creators: name: Nouraelhouda Bahi
Publisher: name: Revue Marocaine de Rhumatologie (RMR)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Rhumatisme psoriasique, Critères de classification, Critères de diagnostic, CASPAR

description: Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the musculoskeletal system that progresses in flare-ups and affects approximately 0.2 to 0.4% of the general population. This prevalence is underestimated because of the significant frequency of undiagnosed or neglected forms, as well as subclinical forms. This rheumatism is linked in 30% of cases to cutaneous psoriasis, but it is diagnosed in only half of the cases. Skin involvement usually precedes joint damage, hence the importance of early detection and diagnosis of this rheumatism. Psoriatic arthritis is characterized by several clinical forms. Peripheral and oligoarticular forms are the most frequent.
description: Le rhumatisme psoriasique (RPso) est une maladie musculo-squelettique inflammatoire chronique évoluant par poussées et affectant près de 0,2 à 0,4 % de la population générale. Cette prévalence est en réalité sous-estimée en raison de la fréquence non négligeable des formes non diagnostiquées ou négligées, ainsi que les formes infracliniques. Ce rhumatisme est lié dans 30 % des cas à un psoriasis cutané mais il ne serait diagnostiqué que dans la moitié des cas. L'atteinte cutanée précède généralement les lésions articulaires, d’où l’importance de dépister et diagnostiquer précocement ce rhumatisme. Le RPso se caractérise par plusieurs formes cliniques. Les formes périphériques et oligo-articulaires sont les plus fréquentes.
Assessing the suitability of urban-oriented land cover products for mapping rural settlements
Creators: name: Kaim, Dominik
name: Ziółkowska, Elżbieta
name: Grădinaru, Simona R.
name: Pazúr, Robert
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: In recent years, new settlement mapping products have become available at the global and continental scale. Although accuracy assessments have indicated the high quality of these products, assessments were performed mainly on urban areas. However, there is also a need to monitor rural settlement development, as it is often located in proximity to biodiversity hotspots. In this paper, we verified the suitability of three settlement products (i.e., Global Urban Footprint – GUF, European Settlement Map – ESM and Open Street Map – OSM) to detect rural settlements in the Carpathian ecoregion. Two independent accuracy assessments indicated that the GUF captures rural settlements most effectively (overall accuracy – OA – 65.4% and 92.5% depending on the procedure). In contrast, the ESM overestimated settlements (OA – 49.5% and 90.8%), while the OSM (OA – 61.2% and 90.2%) was the most inconsistent source of settlement data. A regional comparison indicated some deviations from these accuracies, reflecting the variability of settlement structures within the study area. This study highlights that although the GUF was the best-performing product in mapping rural settlements across the whole study area, the settlement information it provided was rather conservative, and rural settlements are still insufficiently represented in all tested datasets.
NMF with Sparse Regularizations in Transformed Domains
Creators: name: Rapin, Jérémy
name: Bobin, Jérôme
name: Larue, Anthony
name: Starck, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5.4
subject: 94A12

description: Non-negative blind source separation (non-negative BSS), which is also referred to as non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), is a very active field in domains as different as astrophysics, audio processing or biomedical signal processing. In this context, the efficient retrieval of the sources requires the use of signal priors such as sparsity. If NMF has now been well studied with sparse constraints in the direct domain, only very few algorithms can encompass non-negativity together with sparsity in a transformed domain since simultaneously dealing with two priors in two different domains is challenging. In this article, we show how a sparse NMF algorithm coined non-negative generalized morphological component analysis (nGMCA) can be extended to impose non-negativity in the direct domain along with sparsity in a transformed domain, with both analysis and synthesis formulations. To our knowledge, this work presents the first comparison of analysis and synthesis priors ---as well as their reweighted versions--- in the context of blind source separation. Comparisons with state-of-the-art NMF algorithms on realistic data show the efficiency as well as the robustness of the proposed algorithms.
description: 26 pages, 19 figures, accepted in SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences
A global wildfire dataset for the analysis of fire regimes and fire behaviour
Creators: name: Tomas, Artes Vivancos
name: Jesús, San-Miguel Ayanz
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2021

description: Global fire monitoring systems are crucial to study fire behaviour, fire regimes and their impact at the global scale. Although global fire products based on the use of Earth Observation satellites exist, most remote sensing products only partially cover the requirements for these analyses. These data do not provide information like fire size, fire spread speed, how fires may evolve and joint into single event, or the number of fire events for a given area. This high level of abstraction is very valuable; it makes it possible to characterize fires by types (either size, spread, behaviour, etc.). Here, we present and test a data mining work flow to create a global database of single fires that allows for the characterization of fire types and fire regimes worldwide. This work describes the data produced by a data mining process using MODIS burnt area product Collection 6 (MCD64A1). The entire product has been computed until the present and is available under the umbrella of the Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS).
GlobFire can be used to create statistics which are not commonly found in burnt area products. For instance, the average monthly fire size for country. It can be useful to see the behaviour of the fire season, spatial differences of fire frequency or trends of the maximum daily fire spread. It is interesting to see how there are some regions where the number of fires increased but the total burnt area correlation trend is strongly negative. That fact count point out to successful fuel management techniques or prescribed fires. But the opposite can happen too, an increasing linear trend of burnt area and number of fires as in many regions of the Artic or southestern-western Australia. Fire causes and fire spread behaviour are defined by a large set of different factors like socio-economic factors, weather conditions, fire fighting means, policies, etc . Then, it is hard to point out the reasons of the results obtained from this dataset. However, the datasets like GlobFire could help to detect those areas where fires statistics are worsening potentially by climate change and/or direct anthropogenic factors. Finally, it could help, combined with other datasets, to see in which regions fuel management is working or do research to improve fire danger and risk indexes. See more in Applications section of the manual (GlobFire Manual Method Replication).
 
The knowledge package includes:

The first and main publication.
Code and environment to reproduce the process and the dataset described in the publicacion.
Manual of the code.
GlobFire data.
Notes on stochastic (bio)-logic gates: the role of allosteric cooperativity
Creators: name: Agliari, Elena
name: Altavilla, Matteo
name: Barra, Adriano
name: Schiavo, Lorenzo Dello
name: Katz, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent experimental breakthroughs have finally allowed to implement in-vitro reaction kinetics (the so called {\em enzyme based logic}) which code for two-inputs logic gates and mimic the stochastic AND (and NAND) as well as the stochastic OR (and NOR). This accomplishment, together with the already-known single-input gates (performing as YES and NOT), provides a logic base and paves the way to the development of powerful biotechnological devices. The investigation of this field would enormously benefit from a self-consistent, predictive, theoretical framework. Here we formulate a complete statistical mechanical description of the Monod-Wyman-Changeaux allosteric model for both single and double ligand systems, with the purpose of exploring their practical capabilities to express logical operators and/or perform logical operations. Mixing statistical mechanics with logics, and quantitatively our findings with the available biochemical data, we successfully revise the concept of cooperativity (and anti-cooperativity) for allosteric systems, with particular emphasis on its computational capabilities, the related ranges and scaling of the involved parameters and its differences with classical cooperativity (and anti-cooperativity).
Evidence on the emergence of the brain's default network from 2-week-old to 2-year-old healthy pediatric subjects
Creators: name: Giovanello, K. S.
name: Zhu, H.
name: Lin, W.
name: Gilmore, J. H.
name: Smith, J. K.
name: Gao, W.
name: Shen, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Several lines of evidence have implicated the existence of the brain's default network during passive or undirected mental states. Nevertheless, results on the emergence of the default network in very young pediatric subjects are lacking. Using resting functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy pediatric subjects between 2 weeks and 2 years of age, we describe the temporal evolution of the default network in a critical, previously unstudied, period of early human brain development. Our results demonstrate that a primitive and incomplete default network is present in 2-week-olds, followed by a marked increase in the number of brain regions exhibiting connectivity, and the percent of connection at 1 year of age. By 2 years of age, the default network becomes similar to that observed in adults, including medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), posterior cingulate cortex/retrosplenial (PCC/Rsp), inferior parietal lobule, lateral temporal cortex, and hippocampus regions. While the anatomical representations of the default network highly depend on age, the PCC/Rsp is consistently observed at in both age groups and is central to the most and strongest connections of the default network, suggesting that PCC/Rsp may serve as the main “hub” of the default network as this region does in adults. In addition, although not as remarkable as the PCC/Rsp, the MPFC also emerges as a potential secondary hub starting from 1 year of age. These findings reveal the temporal development of the default network in the critical period of early brain development and offer new insights into the emergence of brain default network.
Fast screening of protein surfaces using geometric invariant fingerprints
Creators: name: Yin, S.
name: Lugovskoy, A. A.
name: Proctor, E. A.
name: Dokholyan, N. V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: We develop a rapid and efficient method for the comparison of protein local surface similarities using geometric invariants (fingerprints). By combining fast fingerprint comparison with explicit alignment, we successfully screen the entire Protein Data Bank for proteins that possess local surface similarities. Our method is independent of sequence and fold similarities, and has potential application to protein structure annotation and protein-protein interface design.
Transmuted finite-size scaling at first-order phase transitions
Creators: name: Mueller, Marco
name: Janke, Wolfhard
name: Johnston, Desmond A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that fixed boundary conditions modify the leading finite-size corrections for an L^3 lattice in 3d at a first-order phase transition from 1/L^3 to 1/L. We note that an exponential low-temperature phase degeneracy of the form 2^3L will lead to a different leading correction of order 1/L^2 . A 3d gonihedric Ising model with a four-spin interaction, plaquette Hamiltonian displays such a degeneracy and we confirm the modified scaling behaviour using high-precision multicanonical simulations. We remark that other models such as the Ising antiferromagnet on the FCC lattice, in which the number of "true" low-temperature phases is not macroscopically large but which possess an exponentially degenerate number of low lying states may display an effective version of the modified scaling law for the range of lattice sizes accessible in simulations.
Ecological Marine Units (EMUs)
Creators: name: Sayre, Roger
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: global ecosystems
marine ecosystems
mapping ecosystems
ocean ecosystem conservation

description: The Ecological Marine Units (EMU) resource, produced by the U.S. Geological Survey and Esri, is a true 3D geospatial data layer that contains detailed attribute information on the essential environmental settings of volumetric regions in the ocean. A spatially explicit 3D point mesh model was constructed based on the spatial format and resolution (1/4 degree, or ~ 27 km cells at the equator) of NOAA's World Ocean Atlas (WOA) data, and long-term averages of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate that were attributed to every center point of the mesh grid. The global ocean physical and chemical data were statistically clustered to delineate 37 distinct volumetric regions based on differences in the six parameters. In many cases the distribution of EMU regions varied by depth, with warmer EMUs occurring nearer to the surface in the epipelagic zone, while colder EMUs were distributed in the bathyal and abyssal zones. In addition to the data, the Ecological Marine Units GEO Knowledge Hub also contains other knowledge products (publications, online explorer tools, etc.) related to the EMU resource.