cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optical characterization of A1xGa1-xAs oxides
Creators: name: Sfigakis, Francois
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The process of converting semiconducting Al₀.₉₈Ga₀.₀₂As layers grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) to a low refractive index oxide through exposure to water vapour at temperatures between 375-425°C has been studied. From contraction measurements and XRay diffraction (XRD) studies, it appears that the oxide cannot consist of a uniform layer of Al₂O₃-like material: it could either be a very porous form of Al₂O₃, an amorphous form of Al(OH)₃, or some combination. It is shown that good quality (crack-free, uniform on optical length scales) oxide layers can be formed from thick (0.5-2um) Al₀.₉₈Ga₀.₀₂As layers in ridge structures up to 70um wide. The refractive index of those layers was found to be 1.61±0.02.
The A4 flavor symmetry and neutrino phenomenology
Creators: name: Brahmachari, Biswajoy
name: Choubey, Sandhya
name: Mitra, Manimala
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown that tribimaximal mixing can be obtained by some particular breaking pattern of the $A_4$ symmetry, wherein the extra $A_4$ triplet Higgs scalars pick up certain fixed vacuum expectation value (VEV) alignments. We have performed a detailed analysis of the different possible neutrino mass matrices within the framework of the $A_4$ model. We take into account all possible singlet and triplet Higgs scalars which leave the Lagrangian invariant under $A_4$. We break $A_4$ spontaneously, allowing the Higgs to take any VEV in general. We show that the neutrino mixing matrix deviates from tribimaximal, both due to the presence of the extra Higgs singlets, as well as from the deviation of the triplet Higgs VEV from its desired alignment, taken previously. We solve the eigenvalue problem for a variety of these illustrative cases and identify the ones where one obtains exact tribimaximal mixing. All such cases require fine-tuning. We show which neutrino mass matrices would be strongly disfavored by the current neutrino data. Finally, we study in detail the phenomenology of the remaining viable mass matrices and establish the deviation of the neutrino mixing from tribimaximal, both analytically as well as numerically.
description: Typos corrected, version matches the one published in PRD
MODELING THE RURAL-URBAN EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL POLICIES: A BI-REGIONAL CGE ANALYSIS OF TWO CASE STUDY REGIONS
Creators: name: Balamou, Eudokia
name: Pouliaikas, Kostas
name: Roberts, Deborah
name: Psaltopoulos, Demetrios
name: Balamou, Eudokia
name: Pouliaikas, Kostas
name: Roberts, Deborah
name: Psaltopoulos, Demetrios
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The paper uses bi-regional CGE models to analyse the effects of a change in agricultural support on two (very different) case study regions, one within Scotland, the other in Greece. Both regions are predominantly rural in nature but contain an urban centre as well as a rural hinterland. The results show qualitative and quantitative differences in the total effects in both regions as well as differences in the distribution of effects between their rural and urban parts. In particular, the negative effects of a reduction in price support are contained within rural primary sectors in the Scottish region: nonfarm rural sectors and urban sectors all benefit from the policy shock. In contrast, the negative impacts of a reduction in price support are more widely spread in the Greek region, with losers in both the urban and rural areas. These result are attributed to the stronger links between agriculture and first stage processing sectors in the Greek study area and also the ownership of agricultural factors by urban residents. Full decoupling at the regional level is shown to have negative aggregate effects in both study regions, driven by the high import intensity of household commodities. Again however there are gainers as well as losers from the policy shock suggesting a case for spatially and sectorally targeted support to alleviate the potentially negative effects of CAP reform at a regional level.
Energy Use in Agriculture: A Modeling Approach to Evaluate Energy Reduction Policies
Creators: name: Kempen, Markus
name: Kraenzlein, Tim
name: Kempen, Markus
name: Kraenzlein, Tim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Energy Use in Agriculture
subject: Energy Cost
subject: Agricultural Sector Model

description: Agricultural production requires significant input of fossil fuels and other energy sources leading to negative external effects like emissions of CO2. Measures to discourage energy consumption in the agricultural sector are contemplated upon and might increase costs of production activities. At the same time, energy cost rise due to market developments, also affecting the relative competitiveness of agricultural activities in favor of low energy input sub-sectors. Increasing energy related cost could reduce total energy consumption, but the extent of the reduction is uncertain. The effects of increasing energy costs in EU27 on market quantities and prices as well as energy use in the agricultural sector will be investigated using the agricultural sector model CAPRI which was recently extended by an energy indicator related to production activities. This paper intends to demonstrate the functionality of a large scale agricultural sector model in simulations with respect to energy use.
ON THE INCLUSION OF NATURE AND ITS DYNAMICS IN FARMERS' OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS FOR ECO-SYSTEM SERVICES PROVISION: A NEW STRATEGY IN BIO-ECONOMIC MODELING
Creators: name: Nuppenau, Ernst-August
name: Nuppenau, Ernst-August
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Farm Management
Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Because objectives influence behavior, there should be thoughtfulness of economists on stating objective functions. In contrast, most farm economists work with the assertion that farmers maximize income. A major question is, are there alternatives? It is the aim of this paper to get a deeper insight into deliberations on objective functions. We go beyond income maximization and show how a probabilistic approach on life-styles provides better insight. We suggest the use of probabilities, humans face if they do not know the status in which they live. Labor intensive and nature providing farming is contrasted with intensive, eco-system service extracting farming and put into a dynamic bio-economic approach. Life-styles occur with probability π and (1-π). The occurrence is modeled dynamically making probabilities endogenous. A programming approach is suggested to depict behavioral equations of life-styles. Finally, we discuss how farmers, by the help of an eco-system services planner, learn and change probabilities.
Robust Latent Representations via Cross-Modal Translation and Alignment
Creators: name: Rajan, Vandana
name: Brutti, Alessio
name: Cavallaro, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-modal learning relates information across observation modalities of the same physical phenomenon to leverage complementary information. Most multi-modal machine learning methods require that all the modalities used for training are also available for testing. This is a limitation when the signals from some modalities are unavailable or are severely degraded by noise. To address this limitation, we aim to improve the testing performance of uni-modal systems using multiple modalities during training only. The proposed multi-modal training framework uses cross-modal translation and correlation-based latent space alignment to improve the representations of the weaker modalities. The translation from the weaker to the stronger modality generates a multi-modal intermediate encoding that is representative of both modalities. This encoding is then correlated with the stronger modality representations in a shared latent space. We validate the proposed approach on the AVEC 2016 dataset for continuous emotion recognition and show the effectiveness of the approach that achieves state-of-the-art (uni-modal) performance for weaker modalities.
The Italian Grappa Market: An Analysis of Consumer Preferences Through Hedonic Price Analysis
Creators: name: Koch, Kristian
name: Onofri, Laura
name: Koch, Kristian
name: Onofri, Laura
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis

description: This work carries out a hedonic price analysis in the Italian grappa market. We use a dataset composed of around 15.576 observations of retail chain prices (related to transactions taken place in Italy in the period 1997-2004) and product characteristics. We estimate the implicit price of the main product attributes. Results show that particularly bottle format, high alcohol content and brand affect the consumer’s willingness-to-pay for grappa. In particular, the Prime Uve variable presents statistically significant, positive estimated coefficients, with high magnitude, which we interpreted as a “fads and fashion effect”. In addition, we are able to capture consumer taste evolution over time and consumer taste differences in space (different consumer preferences across Italian regions).
UV-optical colours as probes of early-type galaxy evolution
Creators: name: Kaviraj, S.
name: Schawinski, K.
name: Devriendt, J. E. G.
name: Ferreras, I.
name: Khochfar, S.
name: Yoon, S. -J.
name: Yi, S. K.
name: Deharveng, J. -M.
name: Boselli, A.
name: Barlow, T.
name: Conrow, T.
name: Forster, K.
name: Friedman, P.
name: Martin, D. C.
name: Morrissey, P.
name: Neff, S.
name: Schiminovich, D.
name: Seibert, M.
name: Small, T.
name: Wyder, T.
name: Bianchi, L.
name: Donas, J.
name: Heckman, T.
name: Lee, Y. -W.
name: Madore, B.
name: Milliard, B.
name: Rich, R. M.
name: Szalay, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied ~2100 early-type galaxies in the SDSS DR3 which have been detected by the GALEX Medium Imaging Survey (MIS), in the redshift range 0 < z < 0.11. Combining GALEX UV photometry with corollary optical data from the SDSS, we find that, at a 95 percent confidence level, at least ~30 percent of galaxies in this sample have UV to optical colours consistent with some recent star formation within the last Gyr. In particular, galaxies with a NUV - r colour less than 5.5 are very likely to have experienced such recent star formation, taking into account the possibility of a contribution to NUV flux from the UV upturn phenomenon. We find quantitative agreement between the observations and the predictions of a semi-analytical LCDM hierarchical merger model and deduce that early-type galaxies in the redshift range 0 < z < 0.11 have ~1 to 3 percent of their stellar mass in stars less than 1 Gyr old. The average age of this recently formed population is ~300 to 500 Myrs. We also find that monolithically evolving galaxies, where recent star formation can be driven solely by recycled gas from stellar mass loss, cannot exhibit the blue colours (NUV - r < 5.5) seen in a significant fraction (~30 percent) of our observed sample.
description: To appear in GALEX dedicated ApJ issue in December 2007 (accepted June 2006). A version with high-resolution figures can be downloaded at http://www-astro.physics.ox.ac.uk/~skaviraj/PAPERS/uv_cmr.pdf
What are the Economic Health Costs of Non-Action in Controlling Toxic Water Pollution?
Creators: name: Easter, K. William
name: Konishi, Yoshifumi
name: Raggi, Meri
name: Viaggi, Davide
name: Easter, K. William
name: Konishi, Yoshifumi
name: Raggi, Meri
name: Viaggi, Davide
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Environment & the Developing World
subject: Hydrology
subject: Transport Geography

description: This paper identifies information that may be important in determining the benefits of preventing toxic water contamination (or equivalently cost of nonaction) when a given toxification occurs. It attempts to identify information and behavior issues that need to be considered when we estimate benefits and weigh them against the costs of removing toxins. This paper also provides “scenarios” for three toxic pollutants that are found in water bodies. We make use of two alternatives--one for developing countries and the other for developed countries--to demonstrate, with specific examples of arsenic, mercury and Atrazine, how benefit estimates and control policies vary with different assumptions concerning behavior/information and type of chemical contamination. A comparison with EU evaluation experience is also carried out.
Comparison of registration strategies for USCT–MRI image fusion: preliminary results
Creators: name: Hopp, Torsten
name: Cotic Smole, P.
name: Ruiter, Nicole
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2018

description: Comparing Ultrasound Computer Tomography (USCT) to the well-known Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an essential step in evaluating the clinical value of USCT. Yet the different conditions of the breast either embedded in water (USCT) or in air (MRI) prevent direct comparison. In this work we compare two strategies for image registration based on biomechanical modeling to automatically establish spatial correspondence: a) by applying buoyancy to the MRI, or b) by removing buoyancy from the USCT. The registration was applied to 9 datasets from 8 patients. Both registration strategies revealed similar registration accuracies (MRI to USCT: mean = 5.6 mm, median = 5.6 mm, USCT to MRI: mean = 6.6 mm, median = 5.7 mm). Image registration of USCT and MRI allows to delineate corresponding tissue structures in both modalities in the same or nearby slices. Our preliminary results indicate that both simulation strategies seem to perform similarly. Yet the newly developed deformation of the USCT volume is less computationally demanding: As the breast is subjected to buoyancy it can thereby serve as the unloaded state while for the contrary strategy we have to solve an inverse problem.
UNTER WELCHEN UMSTANDEN WURDEN DEUTSCHE LANDWIRTE GENTECHNISCH VERANDERTEN RAPS ANBAUEN? EIN DISCRETE CHOICE EXPERIMENT (German)
Creators: name: Breustedt, Gunnar
name: Muller-Scheessel, Jorg
name: Meyer-Schatz, Henrika Marie
name: Breustedt, Gunnar
name: Muller-Scheessel, Jorg
name: Meyer-Schatz, Henrika Marie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Adoption
subject: Discrete Choice Experiment
subject: Gentechnisch veränderter Raps
subject: Multinomiales

description: Mittels eines Discrete Choice Experimentes werden empirisch Determinanten identifiziert, die die Entscheidung für den potenziellen Anbau von gentechnisch verändertem Raps durch 217 rapsanbauende Landwirte bestimmen. Die Deckungsbeitragsdifferenz gegenüber konventionellem Raps, die Haftungswahrscheinlichkeit und höhe für Auskreuzungsschäden, die Wartezeit für die Rückkehr zu konventionellem Rapsanbau, die Einstellung von Nachbarlandwirten gegenüber Grüner Gentechnik, die Betriebsgröße, der betriebliche Rapsanteil, der Betriebstyp, die Innovationsneigung des Betriebsleiters, das Geschlecht des Betriebsleiters, eine akademische Ausbildung und die Existenz von Kindern unter 16 Jahren werden als signifikante Einflussgrößen identifiziert. Folglich ist neben den betriebswirtschaftlichen Kenngrößen nicht nur die eigene Präferenz, sondern auch die Meinung der Nachbarlandwirte mitentscheidend für die Adoption. Hingegen haben eine gesteigerte Anwendungsflexibilität der ersten Herbizidmaßnahme, das Alter und die Kooperationsneigung des Betriebsleiters keinen signifikanten Einfluss.
Moduli Stabilization and Inflation Using Wrapped Branes
Creators: name: Easson, Damien A.
name: Trodden, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that a gas of wrapped branes in the early Universe can help resolve the cosmological Dine-Seiberg/Brustein-Steinhardt overshoot problem in the context of moduli stabilization with steep potentials in string theory. Starting from this mechanism, we propose a cosmological model with a natural setting in the context of an early phase dominated by brane and string gases. The Universe inflates at early times due to the presence of a wrapped two brane (domain wall) gas and all moduli are stabilized. A natural graceful exit from the inflationary regime is achieved. However, the basic model suffers from a generalized domain wall/reheating problem and cannot generate a scale invariant spectrum of fluctuations without additional physics. Several suggestions are presented to address these issues.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, REVTeX; References added, note added
Checking vocabulary from published texts
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audo files VP-150717-08a/c: Checking vocabulary with uncertain analyses from texts in Sapir and Golla 2001 ("Hupa Texts, with Notes and Lexicon," In Golla, V. and S. O’Neill (eds.), Northwest California Linguistics, 19-1011, Collected Works of Edward Sapir, vol. 14, New York: Mouton de Gruyter) and Goddard 1904 ("Hupa Texts," University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 1(2): 89-368)
Theoretical bounds on dark matter masses
Creators: name: Calmet, Xavier
name: Kuipers, Folkert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we show that quantum gravity leads to lower and upper bounds on the masses of dark matter candidates. These bounds depend on the spins of the dark matter candidates and the nature of interactions in the dark matter sector. For example, for singlet scalar dark matter, we find a mass range $10^{-3}{\rm eV} \lesssim m_ϕ\lesssim 10^{7}{\rm eV}$. The lower bound comes from limits on fifth force type interactions and the upper bound from the lifetime of the dark matter candidate.
Macroscopic quantum tunnelling of Bose-Einstein condensates in a finite potential well
Creators: name: Carr, L. D.
name: Holland, M. J.
name: Malomed, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bose-Einstein condensates are studied in a potential of finite depth which supports both bound and quasi-bound states. This potential, which is harmonic for small radii and decays as a Gaussian for large radii, models experimentally relevant optical traps. The nonlinearity, which is proportional to both the number of atoms and the interaction strength, can transform bound states into quasi-bound ones. The latter have a finite lifetime due to tunnelling through the barriers at the borders of the well. We predict the lifetime and stability properties for repulsive and attractive condensates in one, two, and three dimensions, for both the ground state and excited soliton and vortex states. We show, via a combination of the variational and WKB approximations, that macroscopic quantum tunnelling in such systems can be observed on time scales of 10 milliseconds to 10 seconds.
description: J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. in press
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS IM AGRIBUSINESS: ERGEBNISSE EINER BEFRAGUNG
Creators: name: Schlieckau, Arne
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
name: Schlieckau, Arne
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: International Financial Reporting Standards
subject: Rechnungslegung

description: This article contains results of an empirical survey among companies of the German agribusiness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the companies' attitude towards the International Financial Reporting Standards IAS/IFRS and its implementation and status of adoption. It shows that the IFRS are only implemented by a small part of the sample because of statutory provisions or the integration of these firms in multinational corporations. The remaining companies do not see any advantages of an implementation of these standards into their ac-counting system. Nevertheless, a small part of the sample will change to IFRS if the complexity will be reduced. This might be the case after the introduction of "Small-IFRS", which are adjusted for small and medium sized enterprises. Der Beitrag gibt auf der Grundlage einer Online-Umfrage die Anwendung und Einschätzung der International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) durch mittelständische Unternehmen des Agribusiness wieder. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die IFRS im Agribusiness bislang nur von wenigen kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen angewendet werden, meist aufgrund gesetz-licher Vorschriften oder der Einbindung in internationale Konzerne. Nichtanwender der IFRS sehen meist keine Vorteile eines Wechsels des Rechnungslegungsstandards. Nichtsdestotrotz würde ein Teil der Unternehmen nach IFRS bilanzieren, wenn die Komplexität der Vorschrif-ten reduziert würde, z.B. durch Verabschiedung von "small IFRS", die auf die besonderen Belange des Mittelstands Rücksicht nehmen.
ANGEBOTSPOTENZIALE DER LANDWIRTSCHAFT IN EUROPA ZUR SICHERUNG DER NAHRUNGSMITTELPRODUKTION UND IHR POTENZIELLER BEITRAG ZU ERNEURBAREN ENERGIEN (German)
Creators: name: Schonleber, Nicole
name: Henze, Arno
name: Zeddies, Jurgen
name: Schonleber, Nicole
name: Henze, Arno
name: Zeddies, Jurgen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Nahrungsmittelverbrauch
subject: Landwirtschaftliche Angebotspotenziale
subject: Bioenergieträger
subject: EUZiele

description: In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, inwiefern die Landwirtschaft der EU-27 Energie aus erneuerbaren Energieträgern bei gleichzeitiger Gewährleistung der Selbstversorgung mit Nahrungsmitteln bereitstellen kann. Hierzu werden Veränderungen im Nahrungsmittelverbrauch, der Ertrags- und Leistungssteigerungen in der Produktion sowie der Flächenentwicklung und des Abbaus von Exportüberschüssen berücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Landwirtschaft einen beachtlichen Energiebeitrag zum geplanten EU-Ziel 2020 (Anteil erneuerbarer Energien am Primärenergieverbrauch: 20%) leisten kann. In der EU-27 könnten allein 36% der erneuerbaren Energien durch die landwirtschaftliche Pflanzenproduktion gedeckt werden. Allerdings sind es nur wenige EU-Mitgliedsstaaten, die dieses Potenzial bereitstellen und nationale Energiezielvorgaben erreichen können.
N-flat connections
Creators: name: Angel, Mauricio
name: Díaz, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53B15, 53B50

description: We construct geometric examples of N-differential graded algebras such as the algebra of differential forms of depth $N$ on an affine manifold, and $N$-flat covariant derivatives.
Setting up a comprehensive policy framework addressing gender-based violence in academia: a step-by-step guide
Creators: name: Polykarpou, Panagiota
name: Madesi, Vasia
name: Mergaert, Lut
name: Wuiame, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Gender-based violence
Research Performing Organizations
gender+
Policy framework
Action plan

description: This step-by-step guide is addressed for those who are at the beginning stages of creating and implementing a policy framework to address gender-based violence in academia. It offers an excellent starting point with clear and easy-to-understand instructions, and practical tips to help you design, implement, monitor and evaluate your plan.
STIMULATING COOPERATION AMONG FARMERS IN A POST-SOCIALIST ECONOMY: LESSONS FROM A PUBLIC-PRIVATE MARKETING PARTNERSHIP IN POLAND
Creators: name: Gramzow, Andreas
name: Petrick, Martin
name: Gramzow, Andreas
name: Petrick, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Public-private partnership
subject: Endogenous initiatives
subject: Rural development
subject: Poland

description: This paper shows how the involvement of local governments and individuals allowed the successful creation of a public-private partnership for agricultural marketing in South-Eastern Poland, despite a generally negative perception of cooperation among the rural population. While the regional distribution network for agricultural products is largely market-based, the partnership only emerged due to collective action between local leaders. The partnership does not require farmers to become shareholders, uses a small decision making body and offers complementary services to farmers. However, there has been little stimulation of broader development activities within the local society, and the involvement of local governments has become unstable over time.
Setting up a comprehensive policy framework addressing gender-based violence in academia: a step-by-step guide
Creators: name: Polykarpou, Panagiota
name: Madesi, Vasia
name: Mergaert, Lut
name: Wuiame, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Gender-based violence
Research Performing Organizations
gender+
Policy framework
Action plan

description: This step-by-step guide is addressed for those who are at the beginning stages of creating and implementing a policy framework to address gender-based violence in academia. It offers an excellent starting point with clear and easy-to-understand instructions, and practical tips to help you design, implement, monitor and evaluate your plan.
Magnetic field dependence of the neutral pion mass in the linear sigma model with quarks: The strong field case
Creators: name: Ayala, Alejandro
name: Hernández, José Luis
name: Hernández, L. A.
name: Farias, Ricardo L. S.
name: Zamora, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the linear sigma model with quarks to find the magnetic field-induced modifications to the neutral pion mass at one-loop level. The magnetic field effects are introduced by using charged particle propagators in the presence of a magnetic background in the strong field regime. We show that when accounting for the effects of the magnetic field on the model couplings, the vacuum sigma field and the neutral pion self-energy, the neutral pion mass decreases monotonically as a function of the field strength. We find an excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement with recent lattice QCD calculations, reproducing the monotonically decreasing trend with the field strength as well as the decrease when lattice data approaches the physical vacuum pion mass from larger values.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, expanded discussion, conclusions unchanged, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
OKONOMISCHE UND NATURSCHUTZFACHLICHE UBERLEGUNGEN ZUR AUSGESTALTUNG LOKALER AGRARUMWELTPROGRAMME-DISKUTIERT AM BEISPIEL EINES PROGRAMMS ZUR MOORSCHONENDEN ENTWICKLUNG LANDWIRTSCHAFTLICHER BETRIEBE (German)
Creators: name: Kantelhardt, Jochen
name: Hoffmann, Helmut
name: Kantelhardt, Jochen
name: Hoffmann, Helmut
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: ökonomische Beurteilung
subject: lokale Agrarumweltprogramme
subject: Programmgestaltung
subject: umweltgerechte

description: Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein lokales Agrarumweltprogramm zur moorschonenden und naturschutzgerechten Entwicklung landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe vor. Anhand ausgewählter Modellbetriebe wird das Programm hinsichtlich betriebswirtschaftlicher Gesichtspunkte analysiert. Aufbauend auf diese Analyse werden die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen lokaler Agrarumweltprogramme diskutiert und es werden Empfehlungen für die Ausgestaltung solcher Programme formuliert. Es zeigt sich, dass die Vorteile eines lokalen Vorgehens insbesondere in der Einbindung lokaler Stakeholder liegen. Schwierigkeiten bestehen vor allem hinsichtlich der Erfüllung von Kontroll- und Wettbewerbsvorgaben der Europäischen Union.
LXPER Index 2.0: Improving Text Readability Assessment Model for L2 English Students in Korea
Creators: name: Lee, Bruce W.
name: Lee, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Developing a text readability assessment model specifically for texts in a foreign English Language Training (ELT) curriculum has never had much attention in the field of Natural Language Processing. Hence, most developed models show extremely low accuracy for L2 English texts, up to the point where not many even serve as a fair comparison. In this paper, we investigate a text readability assessment model for L2 English learners in Korea. In accordance, we improve and expand the Text Corpus of the Korean ELT curriculum (CoKEC-text). Each text is labeled with its target grade level. We train our model with CoKEC-text and significantly improve the accuracy of readability assessment for texts in the Korean ELT curriculum.
description: NLP-TEA 2020, Association for Computational Linguistics
Discovery of very high energy gamma-ray emission coincident with molecular clouds in the W28 (G6.4-0.1) field
Creators: name: HESS Collaboration
name: Aharonian, F
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed the W28 field (for ~40 h) at Very High Energy (VHE) gamma-ray energies (E>0.1 TeV) with the H.E.S.S. Cherenkov telescopes. A reanalysis of EGRET E>100 MeV data was also undertaken. Results from the NANTEN 4m telescope Galactic plane survey and other CO observations have been used to study molecular clouds. We have discovered VHE gamma-ray emission (HESSJ1801-233) coincident with the northeastern boundary of W28, and a complex of sources (HESSJ1800-240A, B and C) ~0.5 deg south of W28, in the Galactic disc. The VHE differential photon spectra are well fit by pure power laws with indices Gamma~2.3 to 2.7. The NANTEN ^{12}CO(J=1-0) data reveal molecular clouds positionally associating with the VHE emission, spanning a ~15 km s^{-1} range in local standard of rest velocity. The VHE/molecular cloud association could indicate a hadronic origin for HESSJ1801-233 and HESSJ1800-240, and several cloud components in projection may contribute to the VHE emission. The clouds have components covering a broad velocity range encompassing the distance estimates for W28 (~2 kpc), and extending up to ~4 kpc. Assuming a hadronic origin, and distances of 2 and 4 kpc for cloud components, the required cosmic ray density enhancement factors (with respect to the solar value) are in the range ~10 to ~30. If situated at 2 kpc distance, such cosmic ray densities may be supplied by a SNR like W28. Additionally and/or alternatively, particle acceleration may come from several catalogued SNRs and SNR candidates, the energetic ultra compact HII region W28A2, and the HII regions M8 and M20 along with their associated open clusters. Further sub-mm observations would be recommended to probe in detail the dynamics of the molecular clouds at velocites >10 km s^{-1}, and their possible connection to W28.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. (Abstract shortened)
Electron Thermalization and Relaxation in Laser-Heated Nickel by Few-Femtosecond Core-Level Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Chang, Hung-Tzu
name: Guggenmos, Alexander
name: Cushing, Scott K.
name: Cui, Yang
name: Din, Naseem Ud
name: Acharya, Shree Ram
name: Porter, Ilana J.
name: Kleineberg, Ulf
name: Turkowski, Volodymyr
name: Rahman, Talat S.
name: Neumark, Daniel M.
name: Leone, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct measurements of photoexcited carrier dynamics in nickel are made using few-femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) transient absorption spectroscopy at the nickel M$_{2,3}$ edge. It is observed that the core-level absorption lineshape of photoexcited nickel can be described by a Gaussian broadening ($σ$) and a red shift ($ω_{s}$) of the ground state absorption spectrum. Theory predicts, and the experimental results verify that after initial rapid carrier thermalization, the electron temperature increase ($ΔT$) is linearly proportional to the Gaussian broadening factor $σ$, providing quantitative real-time tracking of the relaxation of the electron temperature. Measurements reveal an electron cooling time for 50 nm thick polycrystalline nickel films of 640$\pm$80 fs. With hot thermalized carriers, the spectral red shift exhibits a power-law relationship with the change in electron temperature of $ω_{s}\proptoΔT^{1.5}$. Rapid electron thermalization via carrier-carrier scattering accompanies and follows the nominal 4 fs photoexcitation pulse until the carriers reach a quasi-thermal equilibrium. Entwined with a <6 fs instrument response function, carrier thermalization times ranging from 34 fs to 13 fs are estimated from experimental data acquired at different pump fluences and it is observed that the electron thermalization time decreases with increasing pump fluence. The study provides an initial example of measuring electron temperature and thermalization in metals in real time with XUV light, and it lays a foundation for further investigation of photoinduced phase transitions and carrier transport in metals with core-level absorption spectroscopy.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
VIABILITY THEORY AND SOIL DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Huck, Petra
name: Huck, Petra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Sustainability
subject: Agriculture
subject: Viability Theory

description: We utilize Viability theory to evaluate the effects of CAP. A differential equation describes the dynamic development of soil productivity. If farmers do without entitlement, they are free in soil handling. And as we assume they are short-term profit maximizers, they miss to pay attention to soil conservation. Soil productivity is at risk; correspondingly, economic sustainability is at risk. But if farmers activate their entitlements, they become obliged to soil conserving measures. The model demonstrates that the decision to participate or not at the "entitlement & cross compliance"-program, depends on payment-level and the effects of the decision depend on the dynamics of the environmental system.
CP-violating asymmetry in chargino decay into neutralino and W boson
Creators: name: Eberl, H.
name: Gajdosik, T.
name: Majerotto, W.
name: Schrausser, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the MSSM with complex parameters, loop corrections to $\cha_i^\pm \to \neu_j^0 W^\pm$ lead to a CP violating asymmetry $\ACP = (Γ(\cha_i^+ \to \neu_j^0 W^+) - Γ(\cha_i^- \to \neu_j^0 W^-))/ (Γ(\cha_i^+ \to \neu_j^0 W^+) + Γ(\cha_i^- \to \neu_j^0 W^-))$. We calculate this asymmetry at full one-loop level. We perform a detailed numerical analysis for $\cha_1^\pm \to \neu_1^0 W^\pm$ and $\cha_2^\pm \to \neu_1^0 W^\pm$ analyzing the dependence on the parameters and phases involved. Asymmetries of several percent are obtained. We also discuss the feasability of measuring these asymmtries at LHC.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, version to be published in PLB
REDUCING NITROGEN LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS: AN INTEGRATED ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
Creators: name: Hartmann, Michael
name: Hediger, Werner
name: Peter, Simon
name: Hartmann, Michael
name: Hediger, Werner
name: Peter, Simon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: agri-environmental policy
subject: integrated assessment
subject: land use
subject: nitrogen tax

description: The loss of reactive nitrogen from agriculture into the environment is a major threat to the global environment and a challenge for agri-environmental policy. We therefore investigate the problem of reducing nitrogen losses from agriculture into the environment from an economic perspective. Based on a recursive-dynamic linear programming model, our study reveals that the above difficulty is primarily due to the rigidities associated with the nutrientforage cycle and existing production structures. Moreover, we assess the cost and effectiveness of different nitrogen taxes for the case of Switzerland. Our results show that a tax on fertilizers only exhibits the best performance in terms of cost-effectiveness.
ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF LOCAL ACTION GROUPS AND AUCTIONS FOR DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES IN THE EU - RESULTS FROM AN EXPERT SURVEY
Creators: name: Eggers, Jorg
name: Mettepenningen, Evy
name: Beckmann, Volker
name: Eggers, Jorg
name: Mettepenningen, Evy
name: Beckmann, Volker
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Agri-environmental policy
subject: Decentralisation
subject: Local action groups
subject: Auctions

description: In this article the authors focus on two important innovations for agri-environmental measures in the new council regulation: The implementation of local action groups and a call for tenders. The article describes how relevant actors assess the innovations. The results are based on 276 interviews, carried out in 2006 in nine EU Member States. Generally, actors assume that measures designed in local action groups are not necessarily more economically efficient than current measures, but they do have potential to result in a higher ecological effectiveness and in a greater acceptance. However, the opinion on auctions is comparatively critical.
QUANTIFIZIERUNG OKONOMISCHER WIRKUNGEN DER FLURNEUORDNUNG - EIN VERGLEICH AUSGEWAHLTER STUDIEN - (German)
Creators: name: Kapfer, Martin
name: Kantelhardt, Jochen
name: Kapfer, Martin
name: Kantelhardt, Jochen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Flurneuordnung
subject: direkte Wirkungen
subject: Modellrechnung

description: Dieser Beitrag vergleicht verschiedene aktuelle Studien zur Bewertung der direkten ökonomischen Wirkungen von Flurbereinigungsverfahren für die Landbewirtschaftung. Alle Studien basieren auf Modellrechnungen und sind als "Vorher-Nachher"-Vergleich angelegt. Methodisch unterscheiden sich die untersuchten Studien vor allem hinsichtlich des Abstraktionsgrades bei der Abbildung der Feldstruktur und der Produktionstechnik. Auch in Bezug auf die erzielten Ergebnisse sind deutliche Unterschiede festzustellen. Entscheidender Faktor hierfür ist neben einigen methodischen Einflüssen die Struktur der landwirtschaftlich genutzten Fläche in den betrachteten Flurneuordnungsgebieten. Eine Flurneuordnung ist aus landwirtschaftlicher Sicht besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Flächennutzung vor Verfahrensbeginn sehr kleinstrukturiert war und durch die Flurneuordnung maßgeblich verbessert werden konnte.
Selective advantage for multicellular replicative strategies: A two-cell example
Creators: name: Tannenbaum, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This paper develops a quasispecies model where cells can adopt a two-cell survival strategy. Within this strategy, pairs of cells join together, at which point one of the cells sacrifices its own replicative ability for the sake of the other cell. We develop a simplified model for the evolutionary dynamics of this process, allowing us to solve for the steady-state using standard approaches from quasispecies theory. We find that our model exhibits two distinct regimes of behavior: At low concentrations of limiting resource, the two-cell strategy outcompetes the single-cell survival strategy, while at high concentrations of limiting resource, the single-cell survival strategy dominates. Associated with the two solution regimes of our model is a localization to delocalization transition over the portion of the genome coding for the multicell strategy, analogous to the error catastrophe in standard quasispecies models. The existence of such a transition indicates that multicellularity can emerge because natural selection does not act on specific cells, but rather on replicative strategies. Within this framework, individual cells become the means by which replicative strategies are propagated. Such a framework is therefore consistent with the concept that natural selection does not act on individuals, but rather on populations.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to be submitted to Physical Review Letters
Presence and Absence of Delocalization-localization Transition in Coherently Perturbed Disordered Lattices
Creators: name: Yamada, Hiroaki S.
name: Ikeda, Kensuke S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new type of delocalization induced by coherent harmonic perturbations in one-dimensional Anderson-localized disordered systems is investigated. With only a few $M$ frequencies a normal diffusion is realized, but the transition to localized state always occurs as the perturbation strength is weakened below a critical value. The nature of the transition qualitatively follows the Anderson transition (AT) if the number of degrees of freedom $M+1$ is regarded as the spatial dimension $d$, but the critical dimension is not $d=M+1-2$ of the ordinary AT but $d=3$.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
A Fly in the SOUP
Creators: name: Holman, R.
name: Mersini-Houghton, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Selection of Original Universe Proposal (SOUP) of Tye et al. and show that as it stands, this proposal is flawed. The corrections to the Euclidean gravity action that were to select a Universe with a sufficiently large value of the cosmological constant $Λ$ to allow for an inflationary phase, only serve to {\it renormalize} the cosmological constant so that $Λ\to Λ_{\rm eff}$, thereby reintroducing the issue of how to select the initial conditions allowing for inflation in the early Universe.
description: 5 pages
Checking vocabulary from published texts
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio files VP-150717-04 and VP-150717-05: checking vocabulary with uncertain analyses from texts in Sapir and Golla 2001 ("Hupa Texts, with Notes and Lexicon," In Golla, V. and S. O’Neill (eds.), Northwest California Linguistics, 19-1011, Collected Works of Edward Sapir, vol. 14, New York: Mouton de Gruyter) and Goddard 1904 ("Hupa Texts," University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 1(2): 89-368)
The effects of parent communication through www.edline.net on the academic achievement of middle school students
Creators: name: Charles, Rouland
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to determine if sixth and seventh grade students would maintain
academic achievement in language arts, science, and world cultures after parent and teachers
communicated through www.edline.net for one quarter. The measurement tool was comparing
students’ academic achievement from third quarter to fourth quarter. This study involved use of
a dependent t analysis to measure the data collected from the content areas. Achievement results
were mixed; language arts and science showed no improvement, while world cultures showed an
improvement in academic achievement.
Terahertz superlattice parametric oscillator
Creators: name: Renk, K. F.
name: Stahl, B. I.
name: Rogl, A.
name: Janzen, T.
name: Pavel'ev, D. G.
name: Koshurinov, Yu. I.
name: Ustinov, V.
name: Zhukov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a GaAs/AlAs superlattice parametric oscillator. It was pumped by a microwave field (power few mW) and produced 3rd harmonic radiation (frequency near 300 GHz). The nonlinearity of the active superlattice was due to Bragg reflections of conduction electrons at the superlattice planes. A theory of the nonlinearity indicates that parametric oscillation should be possible up to frequencies above 10 THz. The active superlattice may be the object of further studies of predicted extraordinary nonlinearities for THz fields.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
An Identity for Two Integral Transforms Applied to the Uniqueness of a Distribution via its Laplace-Stieltjes Transform
Creators: name: Lin, Gwo Dong
name: Dou, Xiaoling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62E10, 60E05, 46F12, 30E05

description: It is well known that the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of a nonnegative random variable (or random vector) uniquely determines its distribution function. We extend this uniqueness theorem by using the Muntz-Szasz Theorem and the identity for the Laplace-Stieltjes and Laplace-Carson transforms of a distribution function. The latter appears for the first time to the best of our knowledge. In particular, if X and Y are two nonnegative random variables with joint distribution H, then H can be characterized by a suitable set of countably many values of its bivariate Laplace-Stieltjes transform. The general high-dimensional case is also investigated. Besides, Lerch's uniqueness theorem for conventional Laplace transforms is extended as well. The identity can be used to simplify the calculation of Laplace-Stieltjes transforms when the underlying distributions have singular parts. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the characterization results via the uniqueness theorem.
description: 22 pages