cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Speaker turn segmentation based on between-channel differences
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
name: Liu, Jerry C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Electrical engineering

description: Multichannel recordings of meetings provide information on speaker locations in the timing and level differences between microphones. We have been experimenting with cross-correlation and energy differences as features to identify and segment speaker turns. In particular, we have used LPC whitening, spectral-domain cross-correlation, and dynamic programming to sharpen and disambiguate timing differences between mic channels that may be dominated by noise and reverberation. These cues are classified into individual speakers using spectral clustering (i.e. defined by the top eignenvectors of a similarity matrix). We show that this technique is largely robust to precise details of mic positioning etc., and can be used with some success with data collected from a number of different setups, as provided by the NIST 2004 Meetings evaluation.
EFSA ListeriaPredict Presentations from Workshop Basic Bioinformatics Skills Using Genotypic /Phenotypic techniques for Risk Assessment / Predictive Microbiology
Creators: name: Butler Francis
name: Macori Guerrino
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Listeria
subject: Risk assessment
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C1146

description: Presentations from EFSA ListeriaPredict Workshop Basic Bioinformatics Skills Using Genotypic /Phenotypic techniques for Risk Assessment / Predictive Microbiology, Dublin November 2021
description: IE;en;pdf;f.butler@ucd.ie
Spin chains for robust state transfer: Modified boundary couplings vs. completely engineered chains
Creators: name: Zwick, Analia
name: Alvarez, Gonzalo A.
name: Stolze, Joachim
name: Osenda, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum state transfer in the presence of noise is one of the main challenges in building quantum computers. We compare the quantum state transfer properties for two classes of qubit chains under the influence of static randomness. In fully engineered chains all nearest-neighbor couplings are tuned in such a way that a single-qubit state can be transferred perfectly between the ends of the chain, while in boundary-controlled chains only the two couplings between the transmitting and receiving qubits and the remainder of the chain can be optimized. We study how the noise in the couplings affects the state transfer fidelity depending on the noise model and strength as well as the chain type and length. We show that the desired level of fidelity and transfer time are important factors in designing a chain. In particular we demonstrate that transfer efficiency comparable or better than that of the most robust engineered systems can also be reached in boundary-controlled chains without the demanding engineering of a large number of couplings.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
D2.4: PRACE strategic and operational developments towards EuroHPC JU
Creators: name: Oriol Pineda
name: Veronica Teodor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Deliverable
HPC
Research infrastructure

description: This deliverable reports on the main activities of Work Package 2 (WP2) during the second part of the PRACE-6IP project. These include the following:

PRACE 2 programme, including a view towards PRACE 3;
PRACE position and business plan for the EuroHPC era;
Legal support to the PRACE Infrastructure and other work packages of the project;
Impact assessment.
The reporting on the PRACE 2 status within the PRACE Implementation Phase projects was initiated during PRACE-4IP (D2.2 "Second Report on PRACE 2.0 Development") and continued during PRACE-5IP (D2.1 "Report on PRACE 2, TNA, DECI and KPIs Year 1" and D2.3 "Report on PRACE 2, TNA and DECI Year 2"). This deliverable provides an update on this activity during the second part of the PRACE-6IP project. It reports on the status of the implementation and developments in the Second Period of operations of the PRACE pan-European Research Infrastructure, called PRACE 2, which began in 2017 and succeeded the PRACE agreement for the Initial Period (referred to as PRACE 1). It also includes the updated mission and objectives with a view on the future PRACE 3 programme. This is complemented with a number of indicators to show the impact of PRACE as a pan-European research infrastructure, including new statistics on gender and country participation. The results show the current user trends and how PRACE contributes to promote international cooperation across Europe, as well as certain imbalances on participation that fortunately have no negative impact on the affected groups.
The main focus of this deliverable represents the description of PRACE current and future services, and the quantification of their annual cost. In this way, PRACE presents a clear plan for going forward, including the expected position within the ecosystem, coordination activities and user engagement efforts. This plan, including HPC Access, Knowledge, Communications, Training and Support services, requires the collaborative participation of most European countries and a total of 14,7M€ annually, of which a fraction could be co-funded by the participating members.
With this deliverable, PRACE sets the basis for the next phase of the infrastructure under the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking (JU) era, with a clear proposal of services and activities, and the unique position of PRACE to lead them. This is supported with statistics and coordination tasks that show the role of PRACE on the development of a strong European HPC ecosystem.
title: Генетический анализ Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет
Year: 2024

description: Лабораторный практикум подготовлен в соответствии с ФГОС ВО. В работе представлена характеристика разнообразия мутантных форм Drosophila melanogaster, описаны особенности поддержания в лабораторных условиях и другие методические аспекты, предложены возможные варианты постановки экспериментальных задач, иллюстрирующих отдельные разделы генетического анализа. Предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 06.03.01 Биология, профилю «Генетика и молекулярная биология».
Tandem acoustic modeling in large-vocabulary recognition
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
name: Singh, Rita
name: Sivadas, Sunil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the tandem approach to modeling the acoustic signal, a neural-net preprocessor is first discriminatively trained to estimate posterior probabilities across a phone set. These are then used as feature inputs for a conventional hidden Markov model (HMM) based speech recognizer, which relearns the associations to subword units. We apply the tandem approach to the data provided for the first Speech in Noisy Environments (SPINE1) evaluation conducted by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in August 2000. In our previous experience with the ETSI Aurora noisy digits (a small-vocabulary, high-noise task) the tandem approach achieved error-rate reductions of over 50% relative to the HMM baseline. For SPINE1, a larger task involving more spontaneous speech, we find that, when context-independent models are used, the tandem features continue to result in large reductions in word-error rates relative to those achieved by systems using standard MFC or PLP features. However, these improvements do not carry over to context-dependent models. This may be attributable to several factors which are discussed in the paper.
The Quest for Ground Truth in Musical Artist Similarity
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
name: Whitman, Brian
name: Berenzweig, Adam
name: Lawrence, Steve
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: It would be interesting and valuable to devise an automatic measure of the similarity between two musicians based only on an analysis of their recordings. To develop such a measure, however, presupposes some 'ground truth' training data describing the actual similarity between certain pairs of artists that constitute the desired output of the measure. Since artist similarity is wholly subjective, such data is not easily obtained. In this paper, we describe several attempts to construct a full matrix of similarity measures between a set of some 400 popular artists by regularizing limited subjective judgment data. We also detail our attempts to evaluate these measures by comparison with direct subjective similarity judgments collected via a web-based survey in April 2002. Overall, we find that subjective artist similarities are quite variable between users—casting doubt on the concept of a single 'ground truth'. Our best measure, however, gives reasonable agreement with the subjective data, and forms a useable stand-in. In addition, our evaluation methodology may be useful for comparing other measures of artist similarity.
Population and Coherence Dynamics in Light Harvesting Complex II (LH2)
Creators: name: Yeh, Shu-Hao
name: Zhu, Jing
name: Kais, Sabre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic excitation population and coherence dynamics in the chromophores of the photosynthetic light harvesting complex 2 (LH2) B850 ring from purple bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas acidophila) have been studied theoretically at both physiological and cryogenic temperatures. Similar to the well-studied Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) protein, oscillations of the excitation population and coherence in the site basis are observed in LH2 by using a scaled hierarchical equation of motion (HEOM) approach. However, this oscillation time (300 fs) is much shorter compared to the FMO protein (650 fs) at cryogenic temperature. Both environment and high temperature are found to enhance the propagation speed of the exciton wave packet yet they shorten the coherence time and suppress the oscillation amplitude of coherence and the population. Our calculations show that a long-lived coherence between chromophore electronic excited states can exist in such a noisy biological environment.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
Electronic structure investigation of Ti3AlC2, Ti3SiC2, and Ti3GeC2 by soft-X-ray emission spectroscopy
Creators: name: Magnuson, M.
name: Palmquist, J. -P.
name: Mattesini, M.
name: Li, S.
name: Ahuja, R.
name: Eriksson, O.
name: Emmerlich, J.
name: Wilhelmsson, O.
name: Eklund, P.
name: Högberg, H.
name: Hultman, L.
name: Jansson, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structures of epitaxially grown films of Ti3AlC2, Ti3SiC2 and Ti3GeC2 have been investigated by bulk-sensitive soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. The measured high-resolution Ti L, C K, Al L, Si L and Ge M emission spectra are compared with ab initio density-functional theory including core-to-valence dipole matrix elements. A qualitative agreement between experiment and theory is obtained. A weak covalent Ti-Al bond is manifested by a pronounced shoulder in the Ti L-emission of Ti3AlC2. As Al is replaced with Si or Ge, the shoulder disappears. For the buried Al and Si-layers, strongly hybridized spectral shapes are detected in Ti3AlC2 and Ti3SiC2, respectively. As a result of relaxation of the crystal structure and the increased charge-transfer from Ti to C, the Ti-C bonding is strengthened. The differences between the electronic structures are discussed in relation to the bonding in the nanolaminates and the corresponding change of materials properties.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of Regulatory mechanisms, functions, and clinical significance of CircRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer
Creators: name: Lyu, Lijuan
name: Zhang, Shizhen
name: Deng, Yujiao
name: Wang, Meng
name: Deng, Xinyue
name: Yang, Si
name: Wu, Ying
name: Dai, Zhijun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Summary of the relationship between circRNAs expression and the clinicopathological factors of TNBC.
RSA Study of Dimers
Creators: name: Ciesla, Michal
name: Barbasz, Jakub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 62H20 Measures of association (correlation, canonical correlation, etc.)

description: The first theoretical study of a dimer's adsorption process at homogenous surface is presented. By using the RSA algorithm, we show example monolayers, discuss estimations of random jamming coverage and measure the surface blocking function, which could be used for calculating real systems kinetics. We also found the correlation function for generated coverages and analyzed orientational ordering inside the adsorbed monolayer. Results were compared with theoretical and experimental data. Keywords: adsorption, RSA, monolayer, colloid particles
description: 13 pages, 13 figures
DEP Bulletin:Volume 37 Issue 16
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2013

description: The DEP bulletin is a semi-monthly publication of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. It contains a list of construction permit applications recently filed or acted upon by the Department along with a calendar of events of interest, a schedule of public hearings, and Environmental Impact Statements acted upon during the period.
A two-species continuum model for aeolian sand transport
Creators: name: Lämmel, Marc
name: Rings, Daniel
name: Kroy, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the physics on the grain scale, we develop a simple continuum description of aeolian sand transport. Beyond popular mean-field models, but without sacrificing their computational efficiency, it accounts for both dominant grain populations, hopping (or "saltating") and creeping (or "reptating") grains. The predicted stationary sand transport rate is in excellent agreement with wind tunnel experiments simulating wind conditions ranging from the onset of saltation to storms. Our closed set of equations thus provides an analytically tractable, numerically precise, and computationally efficient starting point for applications addressing a wealth of phenomena from dune formation to dust emission.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures
Predictions for p+Pb at 4.4A TeV to Test Initial State Nuclear Shadowing at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Barnafoldi, G. G.
name: Barrette, J.
name: Gyulassy, M.
name: Levai, P.
name: Pop, V. Topor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collinear factorized perturbative QCD model predictions are compared for p+Pb at 4.4A TeV to test nuclear shadowing of parton distribution at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The nuclear modification factor (NMF), R_{pPb}(y=0,p_T<20 GeV/c) = dn_{p Pb} /(N_{coll}(b)dn_{pp}), is computed with electron-nucleus (e+A) global fit with different nuclear shadow distributions and compared to fixed Q^2 shadow ansatz used in Monte Carlo Heavy Ion Jet Interacting Generator (HIJING) type models. Due to rapid DGLAP reduction of shadowing with increasing Q^2 used in e+A global fit, our results confirm that no significant initial state suppression is expected (R_{pPb} (p_T) = 1 \pm 0.1) in the p_T range 5 to 20 GeV/ c. In contrast, the fixed Q^2 shadowing models assumed in HIJING type models predict in the above p_T range a sizable suppression, R_{pPb} (p_T) = 0.6-0.7 at mid-pseudorapidity that is similar to the color glass condensate (CGC) model predictions. For central (N_{coll} = 12) p+ Pb collisions and at forward pseudorapidity (η= 6) the HIJING type models predict smaller values of nuclear modification factors (R_{pPb}(p_T)) than in minimum bias events at mid-pseudorapidity (η= 0). Observation of R_{pPb}(p_T= 5-20 GeV/c) less than 0.6 for minimum bias p+A collisions would pose a serious difficulty for separating initial from final state interactions in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energies.
description: Revised version accepted for publication; Phys. Rev. C, in press, 16 pages, 4 figures, text modifications, added references, new figure 4, revtex4
Joe the Plumber, Smokey the Bear and Alexander the Great
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Sarah Palin and John McCain are beginning to remind me of an old, and dumb joke, that I remember from my childhood which goes something like "What does Smokey the Bear and Alexander the Great have in common?" The answer is, of course, their middle names.
Momentum-carrying waves on D1-D5 microstate geometries
Creators: name: Mathur, Samir D.
name: Turton, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If one attempts to add momentum-carrying waves to a black string then the solution develops a singularity at the horizon; this is a manifestation of the 'no hair theorem' for black objects. However individual microstates of a black string do not have a horizon, and so the above theorem does not apply. We construct a perturbation that adds momentum to a family of microstates of the extremal D1-D5 string. This perturbation is analogous to the 'singleton' mode localized at the boundary of AdS; to leading order it is pure gauge in the AdS interior of the geometry.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures
Flow analysis of aortic dissection: comparison of inflow boundary conditions for computational models based on 4D PCMRI and Doppler ultrasound
Creators: name: Li, Zhenfeng
name: Liang, Shichao
name: Xu, Huanming
name: Zhu, Minjia
name: Mei, Yuqian
name: Xiong, Jiang
name: Chen, Duanduan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Computational hemodynamics quantifying the flow environment is an important tool in understanding aortic dissection. In this study, various inflow boundaries were applied on a patient-specific model and compared to the individualized velocimetry. The results indicated that the computations generally overestimated the flow volume and underestimated the wall shear stress. By quantifying the accuracy of the simulation results, two inflow settings were suggested. One was individualized, the PCMRI-extracted 4D flow information, and the other was averaged by healthy data, the ultrasound-extracted averaged flow waveform with parabolic velocity profile. This study might contribute to improving the precise computation of aortic dissection hemodynamics.
Metabolismus von Serotonin und kontraktile Wirkung an 5-HT4a-Rezeptoren in Vorhöfen von Herzen transgener Mäuse
Creators: name: Jung, Franziska
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Ziel dieser Arbeit war, den Metabolismus von Serotonin am Herzen zu untersuchen. Es erfolgten Kontraktionsversuche an Vorhöfen von transgenen Mäusen, die den humanen 5-HT4a-Rezeptor kardial überexprimieren. Die Synthese von Serotonin aus 5-Hydroxytryptophan konnte über positiv inotrope und chronotrope Effekte nachgewiesen werden und zeigt sich auch echokardiografisch in vivo sowie im Kontraktionsversuch mit humanen Trabekelpräparaten. Dieser Schritt konnte durch den Decarboxylase-Hemmstoff NSD1015 unterdrückt werden. Der Abbau von Serotonin konnte durch den Monoamino-Oxidase-Hemmer Tranylcypromin vermindert werden. Serotonin konnte durch Tyramin und Compound 48/80 freigesetzt werden und einen positiv inotropen Effekt an Kardiomyozyten erzielen. Die Wiederaufnahme von Serotonin in die Kardiomyozyten kann durch Fluoxetin gehemmt werden. Disufiram, Allopurinol, Cortison und Decynium 22 zeigten nur unspezifische Effekte.
description: The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of serotonin (5-HT) in mammalian heart using transgenic mice overexpressing the human (5-HT)4a receptor in cardiomyocytes. We studied whether 5-HT can be formed and degraded in the mammalian heart and whether this can lead to chronotropic and inotropic effects in this model. The 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxy-tryptophan (5-HTP) can exert inotropic and chronotropic effects in cardiac preparations; similar results were found in human atrial preparations as well as in intact animals using echocardiography. In presence of an inhibitor of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, the positive inotropic effects of 5-HTP were absent. Inhibitors of enzymes involved in 5-HT degradation enhanced the efficacy of 5-HT in mice atria. Releaser of neurotransmitters like tyramine and compound 48/80 increased inotropy in the isolated mouse atrium. Fluoxetine, an inhibitor of 5-HT uptake, elevated the potency of 5-HT to increase contractility in the mouse atrium. Inhibitors of organic cation and monoamine transporters like cortisone and decynium 22 apparently reduced the positive inotropic potency of 5-HT in the mouse atrium.
On the dual of Cesàro function space
Creators: name: Kamińska, Anna
name: Kubiak, Damian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46E30, 46B20, 46B42, 46B22

description: The goal of this paper is to present an isometric representation of the dual space to Cesàro function space $C_{p,w}$, $1
description: 16 pages
Light Dark Matter, Light Higgs and the Electroweak Phase Transition
Creators: name: Ahriche, Amine
name: Nasri, Salah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a minimal extension of the Standard Model by two real singlet fields that could provide a good candidate for light Dark Matter, and give a strong first order electroweak phase transition. As a result, there are two CP even scalars; one is lighter than \sim 70 GeV, and the other one with mass in the range of 280-400 GeV; and consistent with electroweak precision tests. We show that the light scalar mass can be as small as 25 GeV while still being consistent with the LEP data. The predicted dark matter scattering cross section is large enough to accommodate CoGeNT and can be probed by future XENON experiment. We also show that for dark matter mass around 2 GeV, the branching fraction of the process (B^+\rightarrowK^++2(DM)) can be accessible in SuperB factories.
description: figures updated, references added. Published in PRD
Entwicklung eines PbTk-Modells für Wirbeltiere
Creators: name: Larisch, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pharmakokinetik
subject: Bioakkumulation
subject: Mathematisches Modell
subject: 540

description: In dieser Arbeit wird ein neu entwickeltes Modell zur Beschreibung von Aufnahme, Verteilung, Metabolisation und Elimination (ADME) von ungeladenen Substanzen in Wirbeltieren vorgestellt. Die Besonderheiten des Modells ist eine physikalisch und chemisch korrekte Beschreibung der einzelnen ADME Prozesse. Dies steht im Kontrast zu der Verwendung der üblicherweise verwendeten Modelle, da diese ihren Fokus vor allem auf die möglichst einfache, schnelle und korrekte vorhersage von Konzentrationen legen und nicht auf eine detaillierte Prozessbeschreibung. Während der Validierungen dieses Modells für die Aufnahme in Fischen via Kiemen (über kontaminiertes Wasser) und Magen-Darm-Trakt (über kontaminierte Nahrung) wurden bereits erste Erkenntnisse gewonnen. So wird z.B. die Auswirkung des zeitlichen Verlaufs der Verdauung und allem voran das Vorhandensein eines Mizellen-Bildners im Magen-Darm-Trakt mit ihren Auswirkungen auf eine die Aufnahme von hydrophoben Substanzen diskutiert.
description: Within this Thesis a new developed model for describing the processes of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) of uncharged compounds in Vertebrates is presented. It specifies in the chemically and physically correct description of those processes which is in contrast to the most common used models. As they mostly focus on a simple and quick prediction of concentrations the hereby presented model focuses on the process understanding. During the validation process for the uptake via gills (water exposure) and the gastro-intestinal-tract (food exposure) for fish new insights were found. For example, the dynamic of the food assimilation over time and the availability of mycell building substances in blood and gastro-intestinal-tract is of high importance for the uptake of hydrophobic compounds.
Maternal mood during pregnancy, methyl nutrient metabolism, and serotonin transporter
Creators: name: Wei, Julia Jia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Depression occurs in 15% of pregnant women and 1/3 are taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as antidepressants. The neurotransmitter, serotonin, plays a critical role in modulating stress responses and early brain development. Serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) regulates extracellular serotonin levels, and an insertion/deletion variant in the promoter (5HTTLPR) is associated with depression. Maternal mood and SSRIs may program newborns’ behaviour later in life. The underlying molecular mechanism for developmental programming may involve DNA methylation, which requires methyl nutrients as enzymatic cofactors. While low methyl nutrient status (folate and vitamin B₁₂) and a genetic variant in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) have been associated with depression in adults, the role of methyl nutrient metabolism in depression during pregnancy remains unclear. Furthermore, little is known about the combined roles of methyl nutrient status and depression in the epigenetic regulation of SLC6A4. The experiments in this thesis explored whether disturbances in methyl nutrient metabolism and depressed mood during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy affect SLC6A4 methylation and expression in mothers and their newborns. Maternal folate status was positively associated with maternal SLC6A4 methylation at CpGs 1, 4, and 8 (P<0.05). Maternal 3rd trimester mood was inversely associated with SLC6A4 CpG 10 methylation in both mothers and newborns (P<0.05). Methylation at SLC6A4 CpG 8 was lower in newborns with mothers with the MTHFR 677TT genotype, and methylation at CpGs 6 and 10 were lower in newborns with the MTHFR 677TT genotype (P<0.05). Maternal SLC6A4 mRNA level was positively associated with mean maternal methylation and methylation at CpGs 5, 7, 8, and 10 (P<0.05). Yet, newborn SLC6A4 mRNA level was negatively associated with newborn methylation at CpGs 4 and 7 (P<0.05). Homozygosity for the minor allele for MTHFR C677T and 5-HTTLPR insertion/deletion variants in mothers were not associated with maternal mood (P>0.05). These results provide evidence to suggest that maternal mood during pregnancy and methyl nutrient metabolism may program SLC6A4 gene expression through DNA methylation in both mothers and their newborns. Mood during pregnancy and disturbances in methyl nutrient metabolism could set up life-long health consequences in the development of the offspring.
Variational calculations for the hydrogen-antihydrogen system with a mass-scaled Born-Oppenheimer potential
Creators: name: Stegeby, Henrik
name: Piszczatowski, Konrad
name: Karlsson, Hans O
name: Lindh, Roland
name: Froelich, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of proton-antiproton motion in the ${\rm H}$--${\rm \bar{H}}$ system is investigated by means of the variational method. We introduce a modified nuclear interaction through mass-scaling of the Born-Oppenheimer potential. This improved treatment of the interaction includes the nondivergent part of the otherwise divergent adiabatic correction and shows the correct threshold behavior. Using this potential we calculate the vibrational energy levels with angular momentum 0 and 1 and the corresponding nuclear wave functions, as well as the S-wave scattering length. We obtain a full set of all bound states together with a large number of discretized continuum states that might be utilized in variational four-body calculations. The results of our calculations gives an indication of resonance states in the hydrogen-antihydrogen system.
On the homotopy theory of Grothendieck \infty-groupoids
Creators: name: Ara, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D05, 18G55, 55P15, 55Q05

description: We present a slight variation on a notion of weak \infty-groupoid introduced by Grothendieck in Pursuing Stacks and we study the homotopy theory of these \infty-groupoids. We prove that the obvious definition for homotopy groups of Grothendieck \infty-groupoids does not depend on any choice. This allows us to give equivalent characterizations of weak equivalences of Grothendieck \infty-groupoids, generalizing a well-known result for strict \infty-groupoids. On the other hand, given a model category M in which every object is fibrant, we construct, following Grothendieck, a fundamental \infty-groupoid functor Π_\infty from M to the category of Grothendieck \infty-groupoids. We show that if X is an object of M, then the homotopy groups of Π_\infty(X) and of X are canonically isomorphic. We deduce that the functor Π_\infty respects weak equivalences.
description: 58 pages, v2: revised according to referee's comments, in particular: paragraph headings added, Remark 1.13 added, Section 3 partially rewritten
America and Empire: Thoughts on a Debate
Creators: name: Cooley, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: International relations

description: In a recent issue of Foreign Affairs, Alex Motyl posed the question, "Do past empires hold lessons for U.S. foreign policy today?" In a review of two new books (an edited volume by Craig Calhoun and a study by Charles Maier), he concluded that "efforts [to show that they do] yield little payoff." To be sure, the use of the term "empire" has become commonplace in descriptions of contemporary U.S. foreign policy. Yet, save for a small group of exceptions, American political scientists until now have mostly neglected the theoretical investigation of empires and the dynamics of imperial relations. Filling a massive gap in the literature, political scientists Dan Nexon and Thomas Wright's new article "What's at Stake in the American Empire Debate" published in the May 2007 American Political Science Review is one of the most thought-provoking and policy relevant scholarly articles to appear in recent years in the field. The article builds on much of Nexon's previous work on the network properties of early-modern empires, but applies these insights to some of the central problems confronting today's U.S. foreign policy community.
Minimax-Optimal Bounds for Detectors Based on Estimated Prior Probabilities
Creators: name: Jiao, Jiantao
name: Zhang, Lin
name: Nowak, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many signal detection and classification problems, we have knowledge of the distribution under each hypothesis, but not the prior probabilities. This paper is aimed at providing theory to quantify the performance of detection via estimating prior probabilities from either labeled or unlabeled training data. The error or {\em risk} is considered as a function of the prior probabilities. We show that the risk function is locally Lipschitz in the vicinity of the true prior probabilities, and the error of detectors based on estimated prior probabilities depends on the behavior of the risk function in this locality. In general, we show that the error of detectors based on the Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) of the prior probabilities converges to the Bayes error at a rate of $n^{-1/2}$, where $n$ is the number of training data. If the behavior of the risk function is more favorable, then detectors based on the MLE have errors converging to the corresponding Bayes errors at optimal rates of the form $n^{-(1+α)/2}$, where $α>0$ is a parameter governing the behavior of the risk function with a typical value $α= 1$. The limit $α\rightarrow \infty$ corresponds to a situation where the risk function is flat near the true probabilities, and thus insensitive to small errors in the MLE; in this case the error of the detector based on the MLE converges to the Bayes error exponentially fast with $n$. We show the bounds are achievable no matter given labeled or unlabeled training data and are minimax-optimal in labeled case.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Amplification of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Cosmic Ray Maps Using the Mexican Hat Wavelet Family
Creators: name: Batista, Rafael Alves
name: Kemp, Ernesto
name: Daniel, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we analyze the effect of smoothing maps containing arrival directions of cosmic rays with a gaussian kernel and kernels of the mexican hat wavelets of orders 1, 2 and 3. The analysis is performed by calculating the amplification of the signal-to-noise ratio for several background patterns (noise) and different number of events coming from a simulated source (signal) for an ideal detector capable of observing the full sky with uniform coverage. We extend this analysis for a virtual observatory with two sites, one in the northern hemisphere, the other in the southern, considering an acceptance law.
description: Contributions to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, China, August 2011
Assessing the effectiveness of a cultural curriculum to improve early literacy outcomes for kindergarteners
Creators: name: MacKay, Leslie Dawn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Low literacy is a challenge facing Aboriginal communities across Canada and is an identified barrier to school success. Early literacy intervention is an important target to reduce the discrepancies in literacy outcomes. Little has been studied in relation to Aboriginal culture coupled with early literacy and its effects on student development. The Moe the Mouse™ Speech and Language Development Program (Gardner & Chesterman, 2006) is a cultural curriculum created to improve the early language skills of students aged three to five through the use of traditional images and stories. The Moe the Mouse™ program was designed to be a cultural curriculum that provides opportunities for children to practice language skills, but its effectiveness in improving early literacy skills has yet to be assessed. An enhanced Moe the Mouse™ program, created by the researcher, integrates explicit instruction in phonological awareness into the Moe the Mouse™ program. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Moe the Mouse™ Speech and Language Development Program and an enhanced Moe the Mouse™ program that was coupled with explicit early literacy instruction on student phonological awareness skills. One hundred Kindergarten students at six elementary schools participated in this study. Participants were assigned to one of three conditions: comparison (business as usual), Moe the Mouse™, or enhanced Moe the Mouse™. Before and after the intervention, phonological awareness skills of the Kindergarten students were assessed. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated significant differences in advanced phonological awareness skills based on the classroom but not the condition. Upon post hoc analysis by condition, results indicated that there were significantly stronger effects on advanced phonological skills for the enhanced Moe the Mouse™ condition when compared to the Moe the Mouse™ program or the district’s early literacy instruction. Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal students responded similarly within the Moe the Mouse™ and enhanced Moe the Mouse™ conditions. After the intervention, a smaller proportion of students from the enhanced Moe the Mouse™ program fell in the “At Risk” category for later reading difficulties. Additionally, the teachers rated both programs as socially valid and containing appropriate cultural content.
Sag Harbor First Presbyterian Church, Second Building, Used 1816-1844
Creators: name: Unknown
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1845
Subjects: Sag Harbor
Photographs
Buildings
Churches
Presbyterian churches

description: This photograph shows the exterior of second building used by Sag Harbor's First Presbyterian Church, from 1816 to 1844. This older reprinted photograph shows the building after it is no longer in use and the dates the building was used, along with the photograph technology, and the opening of the Fahys Watch Case Factory in the area surrounding the photograph.
Femtosecond transparency in the extreme ultraviolet
Creators: name: Tarana, Michal
name: Greene, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetically induced transparency-like behavior in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) is studied theoretically, including the effect of intense 800 nm laser dressing of He 2s2p (1Po) and 2p^2 (1Se) autoionizing states. We present an ab initio solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation (TDSE) in an LS-coupling configuration interaction basis set. The method enables a rigorous treatment of optical field ionization of these coupled autoionizing states into the N = 2 continuum in addition to N = 1. Our calculated transient absorption spectra show encouraging agreement with experiment.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Large Adiabatic Scalar Perturbations in a Regular Bouncing Universe
Creators: name: Vitenti, Sandro D. P.
name: Pinto-Neto, Nelson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown that a contracting universe with a dust-like ($w \approx 0$) fluid may provide an almost scale invariant spectrum for the gravitational scalar perturbations. As the universe contracts, the amplitude of such perturbations are amplified. The gauge invariant variable $Φ$ develops a growing mode which becomes much larger than the constant one around the bounce phase. The constant mode has its amplitude fixed by Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) normalization, thus the amplitude of the growing mode can become much larger than 1. In this paper, we first show that this is a general feature of bouncing models, since we expect that general relativity should be valid in all scales away from the bounce. However, in the Newtonian gauge, the variable $Φ$ gives the value of the metric perturbation $ϕ$, raising doubts on the validity of the linear perturbative regime at the bounce. In order to address this issue, we obtain a set of necessary conditions for the perturbative series to be valid along the whole history of the model, and we show that there is a gauge in which all these conditions are satisfied, for a set of models, if the constant mode is fixed by COBE normalization. As a by-product of this analysis, we point out that there are sets of solutions for the perturbation variables where some gauge-fixing conditions are not well defined, turning these gauges prohibited for those solutions.
description: 10 pages, revtex4, minor revision, version to appear in PRD
The 2007 LabROSA Cover Song Detection System
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
name: Cotton, Courtenay Valentine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Information science

description: We describe our cover song detection system, as submitted to the MIREX 2007 Cover Song Detection evaluation. The system is developed from our 2006 MIREX system, which was the best-performing entry in last year's evaluation. Using the new "covers80" dataset of 80 pairs of songs and covers, we improve the overall detection from 42.5% to 67.5% through a collection of minor modifications relating to correlation normalization, tempo tracking, and temporal filtering of the beat-synchronous chroma representation.
Density distribution of a trapped two-dimensional strongly interacting Fermi gas
Creators: name: Orel, Alexey A.
name: Dyke, Paul
name: Delehaye, Marion
name: Vale, Chris J.
name: Hu, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate and measure the density distribution and cloud size of a trapped two-dimensional $^{6}$Li Fermi gas near a Feshbach resonance at low temperatures. Density distributions and cloud sizes are calculated for a wide range of interaction parameters using a local density approximation (LDA) and a zero-temperature equation of state obtained from quantum Monte Carlo simulations reported by G. Bertaina and S. Giorgini, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{106}, 110403 (2011). We find that LDA predictions agree well with experimental measurements across a Feshbach resonance. Theoretical results for Tan's contact parameter in a trapped gas are reported along with predictions for static structure factor at large momentum which could be measured in future Bragg spectroscopy experiments on two-dimensional Fermi gases.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures; Final version appeared in New Journal of Physics
The Ordination of Deaconesses as a Reconciliatory and Liberating Praxis
Creators: name: Eftychiadis, Eftychios Phil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Religion
Women's studies

description: The main purpose of this article is to analyze the event of female diaconal ordination in the Eastern Early Church in response to very important needs. The hypothesis of this work is to retrieve and also analyze contextual elements in relation to needs in the praxes of the early church and its great Fathers, in ordaining women to the diaconate, and to identify significant theoethical values that are derived from those praxes in the early Tradition of the church.
Quantum strings in quantum spin ice
Creators: name: Wan, Yuan
name: Tchernyshyov, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum spin ice in an external magnetic field applied along a $<100>$ direction. When quantum spin fluctuations are weak, elementary excitations are quantum strings with monopoles at their ends manifested as multiple spin-wave branches in the dynamical structure factor. Strong quantum fluctuations make the string tension negative and give rise to the deconfinement of monopoles. We discuss our results in the light of recent neutron scattering experiments in $\mathrm{Yb_2Ti_2O_7}$
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Minor modifications. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Involvement of adenosine signalling in the release of gastric and pancreatic peptides
Creators: name: Yang, Gary Kaiyuan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Adenosine is precursor and a metabolic intermediate of adenosine triphosphate in energy transfer, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in signal transduction. Recent studies have demonstrated that the role of adenosine in the body is much more than just structural as it can also behave as an important regulator of homeostatic functions. Adenosine signalling relies on the activation of the A₁, A₂A, A₂B and A₃ adenosine receptors. Through the development of pharmacological tools and genetic knockout mouse models of specific receptor subtypes, the involvement of these receptors in various physiological systems is quickly being established. This thesis investigates the function of adenosine in the digestive system and specifically how adenosine regulates the release of gastric and pancreatic peptides. With the use of a novel vascularly perfused isolated mouse stomach model and specific A₁ and A₂A receptor knockout animals, the role of adenosine on the release of somatostatin and ghrelin was determined. Lower concentrations of adenosine can inhibit the release of somatostatin and ghrelin via the activation of A1 receptors, while higher concentrations can stimulate their release via activation of A₂A receptors. Given the importance of somatostatin in regulating gastric acid secretion and motility, and ghrelin in regulating systemic energy balance, better understanding of how the release of these two peptides is regulated may reveal potential therapies for eating disorders, gastrointestinal dysfunctions and metabolic diseases. In the pancreas, adenosine was shown to regulate both insulin and glucagon secretion from the pancreatic islets. Studies presented in this thesis demonstrate that adenosine signalling interacts with the effects of the incretin hormone GLP-1 in the pancreas such that concomitant administration of adenosine and GLP-1 in the perfused pancreas induced greater insulin release than GLP-1 administration alone. Furthermore, A₁ receptor knockout mice exhibited more frequent pulses of insulin secretion, which may have contributed to their superior glucose tolerance compared to wild type control mice. These findings on the role of adenosine signalling in the pancreas may have implications in the etiology of diabetes mellitus. The involvement of adenosine signalling in the digestive tract further illustrates the importance of adenosine as a metabolic regulator in homeostasis.