cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Millimeter observations of obscured Spitzer 24 micron sources
Creators: name: Lutz, D.
name: Yan, L.
name: Armus, L.
name: Helou, G.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Baker, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present MAMBO 1.2mm observations of 40 extragalactic sources from the Spitzer First Look Survey that are bright in the mid-infrared (S_24um>1mJy) but optically obscured (log_10 (nu F_nu (24um))/(nu F_nu (0.7um))>1). We use these observations to search for cold dust emission, probing the similarity of their spectral energy distributions to star forming infrared galaxies or obscured AGN. The sample as a whole is well detected at mean S_1.2mm=0.74+-0.09mJy and S_1.2mm/S_24um=0.15+-0.03. Seven (three) of the sources are individually detected at >3sigma (>5sigma) levels. Mean millimeter fluxes are higher for sources with the reddest mid-infrared/optical colors. Optically faint but with relatively low mm to mid-infrared ratio, the typical SEDs are inconsistent with redshifted SED shapes of local star-forming infrared galaxies. They also differ from SEDs of typical submillimeter selected galaxies, with the 24um sources that are individually detected by MAMBO possibly representing intermediate objects. Compared to star-forming galaxies, a stronger but optically obscured mid-infrared component without associated strong far-infrared emission has to be included. This component may be due to luminous optically obscured AGN, which would represent a significant part of the high redshift AGN population.
description: 15 pages, 4 eps figures. Accepted for publication as an ApJ Letter
Renormalization Group Studies of Dense Relativistic Systems
Creators: name: Braun, Jens
name: Dörnfeld, Timon
name: Schallmo, Benedikt
name: Töpfel, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dense relativistic matter has attracted a lot of attention over many decades now, with a focus on an understanding of the phase structure and thermodynamics of dense strong-interaction matter. The analysis of dense strong-interaction matter is complicated by the fact that the system is expected to undergo a transition from a regime governed by spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking at low densities to a regime governed by the presence of a Cooper instability at intermediate and high densities. Renormalization group (RG) approaches have played and still play a prominent role in studies of dense matter in general. In the present work, we study RG flows of dense relativistic systems in the presence of a Cooper instability and analyze the role of the Silver-Blaze property. In particular, we critically assess how to apply the derivative expansion to study dense-matter systems in a systematic fashion. This also involves a detailed discussion of regularization schemes. Guided by these formal developments, we introduce a new class of regulator functions for functional RG studies which is suitable to deal with the presence of a Cooper instability in relativistic theories. We close by demonstrating its application with the aid of a simple quark-diquark model.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures
Security of Quantum Bit-String Generation
Creators: name: Barrett, Jonathan
name: Massar, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the cryptographic task of bit-string generation. This is a generalisation of coin tossing in which two mistrustful parties wish to generate a string of random bits such that an honest party can be sure that the other cannot have biased the string too much. We consider a quantum protocol for this task, originally introduced in Phys. Rev. A {\bf 69}, 022322 (2004), that is feasible with present day technology. We introduce security conditions based on the average bias of the bits and the Shannon entropy of the string. For each, we prove rigorous security bounds for this protocol in both noiseless and noisy conditions under the most general attacks allowed by quantum mechanics. Roughly speaking, in the absence of noise, a cheater can only bias significantly a vanishing fraction of the bits, whereas in the presence of noise, a cheater can bias a constant fraction, with this fraction depending quantitatively on the level of noise. We also discuss classical protocols for the same task, deriving upper bounds on how well a classical protocol can perform. This enables the determination of how much noise the quantum protocol can tolerate while still outperforming classical protocols. We raise several conjectures concerning both quantum and classical possibilities for large n cryptography. An experiment corresponding to the scheme analysed in this paper has been performed and is reported elsewhere.
description: 16 pages. No figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A. A corresponding experiment is reported in quant-ph/0408121
Simulating JWST deep extragalactic imaging surveys and physical parameter recovery
Creators: name: Kauffmann, O. B.
name: Fèvre, O. Le
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Chevallard, J.
name: Williams, C. C.
name: Curtis-Lake, E.
name: Colina, L.
name: Pérez-González, P. G.
name: Pye, J. P.
name: Caputi, K. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new prospective analysis of deep multi-band imaging with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). In this work, we investigate the recovery of high-redshift $56$ and redshifts $05$ galaxy samples can be reduced to $<0.01$ arcmin$^{-2}$ with a limited impact on galaxy completeness. We investigate multiple high-redshift galaxy selection techniques and find the best compromise between completeness and purity at $5
description: 25 pages, 23 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to A&A
Impact of Free Trade Agreements on the Colombian Beef Sector
Creators: name: Gomez, Miguel I.
name: Frank, Julieta
name: Parra, Tatiana
name: Gomez, Miguel I.
name: Frank, Julieta
name: Parra, Tatiana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Beef
subject: Colombia
subject: partial equilibrium
subject: trade liberalization

description: Colombia negotiated bilateral Trade Agreements (TAs) with the United States and with the MERCOSUR region (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay). Colombian cattle and beef interest groups argue that TAs hurt the local beef supply chain. We employ a partial equilibrium framework to assess the impact of these TAs on the welfare of cattle producers, beef marketers and meat consumers in Colombia. Our results suggest that with free imports of chicken parts from the U.S, beef consumption and retail prices of beef both decrease and the derived demand and prices of fed cattle decrease. With beef imports from the MERCOSUR region, domestic beef prices and beef production fall, but total beef consumption increases. Overall, consumers are better off and there are net gains to society with free trade agreements. These net gains tend to increase over time, as Colombia gradually decreases the tariff for imported beef. We identify the reduction in marginal costs required to compete with imported beef, primarily from MERCOSUR. We argue that this is possible because the elimination of trade barriers is gradual and the Colombian beef supply chain can compete with imported meats with an annual reduction of marginal costs between 2 and 4%.
Multiple Andreev Reflections in Weak Links of Superfluid 3He-B
Creators: name: Viljas, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the current-pressure characteristics of a ballistic pinhole aperture between two volumes of B-phase superfluid 3He. The most important mechanism contributing to dissipative currents in weak links of this type is the process of multiple Andreev reflections. At low biases this process is significantly affected by relaxation due to inelastic quasiparticle-quasiparticle collisions. In the numerical calculations, suppression of the superfluid order parameter at surfaces is taken into account self-consistently. When this effect is neglected, the theory may be developed analytically like in the case of s-wave superconductors. A comparison with experimental results is presented.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, RevTeX4
Internet Traffic Volumes Are Not Gaussian -- They Are Log-Normal: An 18-Year Longitudinal Study With Implications for Modelling and Prediction (Complete Version)
Creators: name: Alasmar, Mohammed
name: Clegg, Richard
name: Zakhleniuk, Nickolay
name: Parisis, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Getting good statistical models of traffic on network links is a well-known, often-studied problem. A lot of attention has been given to correlation patterns and flow duration. The distribution of the amount of traffic per unit time is an equally important but less studied problem. We study a large number of traffic traces from many different networks including academic, commercial and residential networks using state-of-the-art statistical techniques. We show that traffic obeys the log-normal distribution which is a better fit than the Gaussian distribution commonly claimed in the literature. We also investigate an alternative heavy-tailed distribution (the Weibull) and show that its performance is better than Gaussian but worse than log-normal. We examine anomalous traces which exhibit a poor fit for all distributions tried and show that this is often due to traffic outages or links that hit maximum capacity. We demonstrate that the data we look at is stationary if we consider samples of 15- minute long or even 1-hour long. This gives confidence that we can use the distributions for estimation and modelling purposes. We demonstrate the utility of our findings in two contexts: predicting that the proportion of time traffic will exceed a given level (for service level agreement or link capacity estimation) and predicting 95th percentile pricing. We also show that the log-normal distribution is a better predictor than Gaussian or Weibull distributions in both contexts.
description: 15 pages, accepted for publication at IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1902.03853
Impact of the lattice on magnetic properties and possible spin nematicity in the S=1 triangular antiferromagnet NiGa$_2$S$_4$
Creators: name: Valentine, Michael E.
name: Higo, Tomoya
name: Nambu, Yusuke
name: Chaudhuri, Dipanjan
name: Wen, Jiajia
name: Broholm, Collin
name: Nakatsuji, Satoru
name: Drichko, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NiGa$_2$S$_4$ is a triangular lattice S=1 system with strong two-dimensionality of the lattice, actively discussed as a candidate to host spin-nematic order brought about by strong quadrupole coupling. Using Raman scattering spectroscopy we identify a phonon of E$_g$ symmetry which can modulate magnetic exchange $J_1$ and produce quadrupole coupling. Additionally, our Raman scattering results demonstrate a loss of local inversion symmetry on cooling, which we associate with sulfur vacancies. This will lead to disordered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, which can prevent long range magnetic order. Using magnetic Raman scattering response we identify 160~K as a temperature of an upturn of magnetic correlations. The temperature below 160~K, but above 50~K where antiferromagnetic magnetic start to increase, is a candidate for spin-nematic regime.
Predicting China’s Land-use Change and Soil Carbon Sequestration under Alternative Climate Change Scenarios
Creators: name: Li, Man
name: Wu, JunJie
name: Li, Man
name: Wu, JunJie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land-use change
subject: soil carbon sequestration
subject: climate change

description: This paper examines and predicts the effects of climate change and climate extremes on China’s land use conversion and soil carbon sequestration under two alternative climate change scenarios. It intends to investigate the following three questions. 1) How did climate factors affect land-use conversion in China from 1988 to 2000 and what was the relative importance of these factors? 2) How would the predicted future climate change pattern affect land-use choice under alternative climate change scenarios? 3) How would the predicted future climate pattern change the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in China? The study makes two contributions to the literature. First, it integrates climate change, land use conversion, and soil carbon sequestration into a whole model, which facilitates a comprehensive, systematic analysis. Second, it employs a unique dataset, consisting of high-quality Geographic Information System (GIS) data on climate, land use, and soil properties. To the best of our knowledge, no one has used such detailed Chinese data for economic research.
Physics of Deformed Special Relativity
Creators: name: Girelli, Florian
name: Livine, Etera R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many different ways, Deformed Special Relativity (DSR) has been argued to provide an effective limit of quantum gravity in almost-flat regime. Unfortunately DSR is up to now plagued by many conceptual problems (in particular how it describes macroscopic objects) which forbids a definitive physical interpretation and clear predictions. Here we propose a consistent framework to interpret DSR. We extend the principle of relativity: the same way that Special Relativity showed us that the definition of a reference frame requires to specify its speed, we show that DSR implies that we must also take into account its mass. We further advocate a 5-dimensional point of view on DSR physics and the extension of the kinematical symmetry from the Poincare group to the Poincare-de Sitter group (ISO(4,1)). This leads us to introduce the concept of a pentamomentum and to take into account the renormalization of the DSR deformation parameter kappa. This allows the resolution of the "soccer ball problem" (definition of many-particle-states) and provides a physical interpretation of the non-commutativity and non-associativity of the addition the relativistic quadrimomentum.
description: 8 pages, short version of gr-qc/0412004, Proceedings of the Second International Workshop DICE2004 (Castello di Piombino, Tuscany) "From Decoherence and Emergent Classicality to Emergent Quantum Mechanics"
A Worldline Theory for Supergravity
Creators: name: Bonezzi, Roberto
name: Meyer, Adiel
name: Sachs, Ivo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $\cal{N}=4$ supersymmetric spinning particle admits several consistent quantizations, related to the gauging of different subgroups of the $SO(4)$ $R$-symmetry on the worldline. We construct the background independent BRST quantization for all of these choices which are shown to reproduce either the massless NS-NS spectrum of the string, or Einstein theory with or without the antisymmetric tensor field and/or dilaton corresponding to different restrictions. Quantum consistency of the worldline implies equations of motion for the background which, in addition to the admissible string backgrounds, admit Einstein manifolds with or whithout a cosmological constant. The vertex operators for the Kalb-Ramond, graviton and dilaton fields are obtained from the linear variations of the BRST charge. They produce the physical states by action on the diffeomorphism ghost states.
Asymmetric Search and Loss Aversion: Choice Experiment on Consumer Willingness to Search in the Gasoline Retail Market
Creators: name: Castilla, Carolina
name: Haab, Timothy C.
name: Castilla, Carolina
name: Haab, Timothy C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: price search
subject: choice experiment
subject: search cost
subject: gasoline market

description: Price search enables consumers to overcome information asymmetries, it can lead to a reduction in price dispersion and it can increase consumer surplus, but search is costly. In this paper, an internet survey is conducted among a random sample of 490 drivers in the State of Ohio to answer the question, when are consumers more likely to search? The internet survey affords us the opportunity to impose exogenous price changes in a random sample of gasoline consumers to examine the decision-making process behind intended search decisions. Results indicate that among the respondents who faced prices below their expected price, only 12% chose to search, whereas 45% searched when prices were above. Results suggest that asymmetric search can be explained by prospect theory, in the sense that consumers evaluate current prices compared to a reference price, and as a consequence they value price increases differently from price decreases. Our findings indicate that in the gasoline retail market, consumers are allowing retailers to extract consumer surplus by exhibiting loss aversion because this behavior deters search when the probability of finding a lower price is highest.
Additional file 1 of The effects of pre- and post-partum depression on child behavior and psychological development from birth to pre-school age: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Takács, Lea
name: Kandrnal, Vít
name: Šárka Kaňková
name: František Bartoš
name: Jiří Mudrák
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols (PRISMA-P) checklist was used in this protocol.
Magnetic fields in late-stage proto-neutron stars
Creators: name: Lander, S. K.
name: Haensel, P.
name: Haskell, B.
name: Zdunik, J. L.
name: Fortin, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the thermal and magnetic-field structure of a late-stage proto-neutron star. We find the dominant contribution to the entropy in different regions of the star, from which we build a simplified equation of state for the hot neutron star. With this, we numerically solve the stellar equilibrium equations to find a range of models, including magnetic fields and rotation up to Keplerian velocity. We approximate the equation of state as a barotrope, and discuss the validity of this assumption. For fixed magnetic-field strength, the induced ellipticity increases with temperature; we give quantitative formulae for this. The Keplerian velocity is considerably lower for hotter stars, which may set a de-facto maximum rotation rate for non-recycled NSs well below 1 kHz. Magnetic fields stronger than around $10^{14}$ G have qualitatively similar equilibrium states in both hot and cold neutron stars, with large-scale simple structure and the poloidal field component dominating over the toroidal one; we argue this result may be universal. We show that truncating magnetic-field solutions at low multipoles leads to serious inaccuracies, especially for models with rapid rotation or a strong toroidal-field component.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures. Matched version accepted for publication in MNRAS. Some rewritten discussion and one entropy-profile plot changed from v1; main results unaffected
IMPACT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF DECOUPLED PAYMENTS ON FUNCTIONING OF THE GERMAN LAND MARKET. COUNTRY REPORT OF THE EU TENDER: "STUDY ON THE FUNCTIONING OF LAND MARKETS IN THOSE EU MEMBER STATES INFLUENCED BY MEASURES APPLIED UNDER THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY"
Creators: name: Henter, Sybille Henriette
name: Kellermann, Konrad
name: Moller, Lioudmila
name: Roder, Norbert
name: Sahrbacher, Christoph
name: Zirnbauer, Martin
name: Henter, Sybille Henriette
name: Kellermann, Konrad
name: Moller, Lioudmila
name: Roder, Norbert
name: Sahrbacher, Christoph
name: Zirnbauer, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Political Economy
subject: Bodenmärkte
subject: Halbzeitbewertung
subject: GAP
subject: Strukturwandel
subject: Land markets
subject: midterm review
subject: CAP
subject: structural change.

description: Against the background of the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 2003 the following analysis, brings into focus the responses of the agricultural sector to decoupled subsidies. In particular it addresses the impact of the Single Payment Scheme (SPS) on land sales and rent prices and therefore on farm structure. It also aims to assess the extent to which the reform advances sound and sustainable agriculture and provides incentives for market-orientated farming practices. The study is based on the analysis of statistical data and expert surveys conducted in three selected regions.
Magnetotransport in inhomogeneous magnetic fields
Creators: name: Kawarabayashi, Tohru
name: Ohtsuki, Tomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum transport in inhomogeneous magnetic fields is investigated numerically in two-dimensional systems using the equation of motion method. In particular, the diffusion of electrons in random magnetic fields in the presence of additional weak uniform magnetic fields is examined. It is found that the conductivity is strongly suppressed by the additional uniform magnetic field and saturates when the uniform magnetic field becomes on the order of the fluctuation of the random magnetic field. The value of the conductivity at this saturation is found to be insensitive to the magnitude of the fluctuation of the random field. The effect of random potential on the magnetoconductance is also discussed.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of How do worry and clinical status impact working memory performance? An experimental investigation
Creators: name: Held, Judith
name: Vîslă, Andreea
name: Zinbarg, Richard E.
name: Wolfer, Christine
name: Flückiger, Christoph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Participants (demographic characteristics) and detailed description of the working memory task. Table S1. Demographic information on the total sample and each group according to the current clinical status.
Digging for relics of the past: the ancient and obscured bulge globular cluster NGC6256
Creators: name: Cadelano, Mario
name: Saracino, Sara
name: Dalessandro, Emanuele
name: Ferraro, Francesco R.
name: Lanzoni, Barbara
name: Massari, Davide
name: Pallanca, Cristina
name: Salaris, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used a set of moderately-deep and high-resolution optical observations obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope to investigate the properties of the stellar population in the heavily obscured bulge globular cluster NGC 6256. The analysis of the color-magnitude diagram revealed a stellar population with an extended blue horizontal branch and severely affected by differential reddening, which was corrected taking into account color excess variations up to δE(B-V) ~ 0.51. We implemented a Monte Carlo Markov Chain technique to perform the isochrone fitting of the observed color-magnitude diagram in order to derive the stellar age, the cluster distance and the average color excess in the cluster direction. Using different set of isochrones we found that NGC 6256 is characterized by a very old stellar age around 13.0 Gyr, with a typical uncertainty of ~ 0.5 Gyr. We also found an average color excess E(B-V) = 1.19 and a distance from the Sun of 6.8 kpc. We then derived the cluster gravitational center and measured its absolute proper motion using the Gaia-DR2 catalog. All this was used to back-integrate the cluster orbit in a Galaxy-like potential and measure its integrals of motion. It turned out that NGC 6256 is currently in a low-eccentricity orbit entirely confined within the bulge and its integrals of motion are fully compatible with a cluster purely belonging to the Galaxy native globular cluster population. All these pieces of evidence suggest that NGC 6256 is an extremely old relic of the past history of the Galaxy, formed during the very first stages of its assembly.
description: Accepted for publication by ApJ
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEACHING ON AGRICULTURAL MARKETS IN RUSSIA FROM THE 18TH TO THE 20TH CENTURY
Creators: name: Shaikiu, Doz W.W.
name: Wandel, Jurgen
name: Shaikiu, Doz W.W.
name: Wandel, Jurgen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Political Economy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Россия
subject: учение о сельскохозяйственных рынках
subject: история науки
subject: Russland
subject: landwirtschaftliche Marktlehre
subject: Wissenschaftsgeschichte
subject: Russia
subject: teaching on agricultural markets
subject: history of science.

description: The transition to market principles in Russia’s agro-food sector forced the country’s agricultural institutes of higher education to adapt their curriculum to the new economic system. This included the introduction of the subject "studies of agricultural markets". The paper shows that until the collectivization of agriculture in the early 1930s Russia did, in fact, have an own tradition in this discipline, which was influenced by well-known Russian economists like Chaynov and Kondratyev.
Voltage-controlled tunneling anisotropic magneto-resistance of a ferromagnetic $p^{++}$-(Ga,Mn)As/$n^{+}$-GaAs Zener-Esaki diode
Creators: name: Giraud, R.
name: Gryglas, M.
name: Thevenard, L.
name: Lemaître, A.
name: Faini, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large tunneling anisotropic magneto-resistance of a single $p^{++}$-(Ga,Mn)As/$n^{+}$-GaAs Zener-Esaki diode is evidenced in a perpendicular magnetic field over a large temperature and voltage range. Under an applied bias, the tunnel junction transparency is modified, allowing to continuously tune anisotropic transport properties between the tunneling and the ohmic regimes. Furthermore, an asymmetric bias-dependence of the anisotropic tunneling magneto-resistance is also observed: a reverse bias highlights the full (Ga,Mn)As valence band states contribution, whereas a forward bias only probes part of the density of states and reveals opposite contributions from two subbands.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 2 of The effects of pre- and post-partum depression on child behavior and psychological development from birth to pre-school age: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Takács, Lea
name: Kandrnal, Vít
name: Šárka Kaňková
name: František Bartoš
name: Jiří Mudrák
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Search strategy.
The Truth in the Script and the Untruth in the Movie: Tarantino’s Rewriting of American History
Creators: name: Botta, Enrico
Publisher: name: Iperstoria
Year: 2021
Subjects: screenplay studies; Quentin Tarantino; historical movies; post-truth

description: In his historical movies, Quentin Tarantino rereads and rewrites three critical moments of the American past. An interesting strategy he uses is that of introducing different imaginary artifacts into the narration: a film-within-the-film (The Pride of a Nation) in Inglorious Basterds (2009), KKK hoods in Django Unchained (2012), and the Viking crucifix in The Hateful Eight (2015). This article aims at investigating how such a transmedia adaptation of these fictitious elements, from the scripts into the movies, defines three ekphrastic sections that overturn the relationship between truth and falsehood. This process can be analyzed in light of Michele Cometa’s theory about the connection between literature and visuality; in the critic’s understanding, the ekphrasis of a real artifact represents a falsification of the work itself, due to the fact that during the adaptation it is in some way altered. Conversely, the ekphrasis of a fictional artifact can be interpreted as a validation of the given object because it is created during the transition process. From this perspective, the artifacts inserted by Tarantino in the mentioned screenplays can be considered ‘true’ since their mental images are brought to life thanks to verbal language. However, once they are inserted into the movies they become ‘false’ because the cinematographic language alters their ‘written form,’ depriving them of their claimed truthfulness. Thus, Tarantino deliberately intermingles facts and fiction to produce a national post-truth narration which is, in Lee McIntyre’s words, “a form of ideological supremacy, whereby its practitioners are trying to compel someone to believe in something whether there is good evidence for it or not” (2018, 13).
description: Iperstoria, No 18 (2021): Tourism Discourse in the 21st Century: Challenges and New Directions
$(G,χ_ϕ)$-equivariant $ϕ$-coordinated quasi modules for nonlocal vertex algebras
Creators: name: Jing, Naihuan
name: Kong, Fei
name: Li, Haisheng
name: Tan, Shaobin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study $(G,χ_ϕ)$-equivariant $ϕ$-coordinated quasi modules for nonlocal vertex algebras. Among the main results, we establish several conceptual results, including a generalized commutator formula and a general construction of weak quantum vertex algebras and their $(G,χ_ϕ)$-equivariant $ϕ$-coordinated quasi modules. As an application, we also construct (equivariant) $ϕ$-coordinated quasi modules for lattice vertex algebras by using Lepowsky's work on twisted vertex operators.
Management experiences of adolescents living with type 2 diabetes
Creators: name: Tzianetas, Roula
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Although type 2 diabetes (T2D) is typically a condition that affects adults, it has recently been diagnosed in children and adolescents as well. Management is multifaceted, continual and involves diet therapy, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, taking medications and glycaemic control. While there is extensive literature on compliance issues in adults with T2D, no studies have examined how adolescents diagnosed with the condition manage their care. This study addressed this lack of information by using a qualitative research approach to explore the individual experiences of adolescents living with T2D. Participants included adolescents with T2D (n = 8; Body Mass Index [BMI] = 22-34 kg/m2) attending the B.C. Children's Hospital diabetes clinic and health professionals (n = 2) working at the clinic. Each adolescent was interviewed for 60-90 minutes during which they described activities surrounding: dietary habits, activity, medication use and blood glucose testing. Likewise, two health professionals were interviewed for 60-90 minutes to obtain their perspectives on the challenges faced in this field. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Trustworthiness (rigor) was established using strategies such as member checks, peer debriefing, triangulation, and audits. Data was managed using the ATLAS. ti software and then analyzed using qualitative methods. Ethical approval was received from B.C. Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia. Informed consent was obtained from the health professionals, all participants and their parents. The adolescents with T₂D encountered emotional, cognitive, and behavioural responses to the diabetes itself and each component of diabetes management. Self-care practices fluctuated depending on internal forces (i.e. personality, personal models and interpersonal relationships) and external forces (i.e. family, peers, community and health professionals). While health professionals acknowledged that emotions and cognitions play a role in management, treatment strategies focused on task completion, specifically blood glucose testing and the continuous reinforcement of information. Re-directing strategies that take into consideration how personality, understandings, and social context of an adolescent's life influence the implementation of diabetes management components are significant to their overall care.
Re-enacting the American Frontier in Contemporary Popular Culture: The Western Fantasy of “Red Dead Redemption II”
Creators: name: Razzi, Francesca
Publisher: name: Iperstoria
Year: 2021
Subjects: American studies; western; adaptation; frontier; game studies

description: Grounded in the theoretical framework of adaptation theory (Hutcheon 2006; Flanagan 2017), the present paper discusses the transmedia recreation of the myth of the Western frontier in American contemporary culture. The case study of the blockbuster video game Red Dead Redemption II (Rockstar Games 2018) will help illustrate the enduring success of the Western mythology, whose pervasiveness in American history and 20th-century popular culture cuts across different media and artistic forms (Slotkin 1992; Rosso 2010; Moretti 2018). In fact, Red Dead Redemption II can be understood in terms of creative reinterpretation and interactive counterpart of the literary tropes pertaining to the Western imagery and its representation, a “postwestern rewriting” construed upon textual, rhetorical, and socio-cultural layers (Cawelti 1999; Rosso 2008 and 2016). Defined in a review by The Washington Post as “jaw-dropping,” Red Dead Redemption II simultaneously contains narrative elements (Juul 2001), and matches a kind of “aesthetics of excess” deeply rooted in the late 19th-century literary imagination, which ranges from dime novels to naturalistic fiction (Denning 1998; Newlin 2011; Rosso 2014). At the same time, Red Dead Redemption II represents a transmedia storytelling of the American frontier, whose ‘history’ and experience the player can interactively rewrite. Thus, in its economic and artistic value, this video game renegotiates a cultural myth still appealing to the entertainment industry and its marketplace.
description: Iperstoria, No 18 (2021): Tourism Discourse in the 21st Century: Challenges and New Directions
ELF Users’ Attitudes and Orientations in Tourism Interaction
Creators: name: Parise, Ida
Publisher: name: Iperstoria
Year: 2021
Subjects: multilingual resources in ELF; intercultural accommodation; speakers’ attitudes; tourism English; interactional sociolinguistics

description: Tourism English is an interesting domain of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) research because it can provide sociocultural, discursive, and sociolinguistic insights into a kind of professional genre that has not been extensively researched within or under the ELF branch of Applied Linguistics so far. The proposed investigation involves some tourist industry service providers and tourists interacting for a variety of reasons (e.g. leisure, culture, entertainment, sport, cuisine etc.) in order to probe their orientations and attitudes towards the use of English as a Multilingua Franca (Jenkins 2015). Adopting a poststructuralist approach and drawing upon the ethnographic interviews taken from among 27 participants in a study conducted in Italy, I explore evidence of participants’ consciousness of intercultural accommodation and attitudes towards multilingual resources in ELF encounters (Cogo 2016). Moreover, I scrutinise their cognizance of the strategic potential of pragmatic resources to enable them to achieve effectiveness in communication and overcome cultural characterizations (Baker 2011; 2012; 2015).This article has the additional capacity to provide more information concerning the perspectives of employees within Italy’s tourist industry, along with tourists themselves, toward the multicultural use of English as a Lingua Franca.
description: Iperstoria, No 18 (2021): Tourism Discourse in the 21st Century: Challenges and New Directions
AGROHOLDINGS AND CLUSTERS IN KAZAKHSTAN’S AGRO-FOOD SECTOR
Creators: name: Wandel, Jurgen
name: Wandel, Jurgen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Agroholdings
subject: cluster
subject: Kazakhstan
subject: agricultural policy
subject: institutional change
subject: Cluster
subject: Kasachstan
subject: Agrarpolitik
subject: institutioneller Wandel.

description: The paper provides an overview of the institutional arrangements on the micro level that have evolved in the agro-food sector of Kazakhstan in the course of transition. Emphasis is laid on more complex arrangements like "agroholdings" and "clusters", hitherto mostly unknown in the agro-food sectors of established market economies. It is shown that "agroholdings" are concentrated mainly in the northern part of Kazakhstan and to a large extent in the grain sector, while in the south a scattered small scale (individual) farm structure has emerged. Parallel to this market-driven development, the Kazakhstani government tries to promote other institutional arrangements that it deems to be of superior competitiveness, especially agro-food clusters. Refering to Hayek’s concept of pretence of knowledge and empirical evidence of cluster facilitation policies of other countries the success of the Kazakhstani cluster initiative is questioned.
Il ‘terzo atto’ della letteratura ebraico-americana. Allegra Goodman e l’americanizzazione della Shoah in “Paradise Park”
Creators: name: Porro, Simona
Publisher: name: Iperstoria
Year: 2021
Subjects: Allegra Goodman; Paradise Park; Americanization of the Shoah

description: Il presente saggio è incentrato sul cosiddetto ‘terzo atto’ della letteratura ebraico-americana avviatosi negli anni Ottanta del Novecento. Si tratta di una fase che ha visto un rinnovato interesse per la teologia, specialmente per il rapporto tra la tradizione e le sfide sempre più pressanti della modernità, le quali hanno imposto un processo di secolarizzazione indubbiamente pericoloso per la continuità del ‘popolo eletto.’ Una fra le voci di spicco è Allegra Goodman, scrittrice ebrea di terza generazione, particolarmente attenta al presente e al futuro delle comunità ebraiche nella diaspora, specialmente a quanto ella percepisce come il profondo anelito dei suoi contemporanei a un comune denominatore spirituale che conferisca senso e scopo a esistenze altrimenti immerse nel mare magnum culturale dell’America contemporanea. Nell’opus di Goodman, il tentativo di recupero della tradizione s’incentra sovente sulla Shoah, innalzata a mito di fondazione dell’identità ebraica statunitense. Tale fenomeno, definito da Hilene Flanzbaum nei termini di una vera e propria ‘americanizzazione’ degli eventi storici, è rappresentato da Goodman in termini satirici nel suo romanzo Paradise Park, pubblicato nel 2001. Attraverso la parabola esistenziale dei protagonisti – ebrei assimilati, desiderosi di recuperare una comune tradizione spirituale, ma privi degli strumenti critici, storici e teologici adeguati all’uopo – la scrittrice rappresenta il pericolo concreto, a suo avviso insito nella sopra richiamata ‘americanizzazione della Shoah,’ di incorrere sia in episodi di appropriazione, strumentalizzazione e/o mistificazione della memoria storica, sia in fenomeni di contrazione assiologica della tradizione religiosa giudaica.
description: Iperstoria, No 18 (2021): Tourism Discourse in the 21st Century: Challenges and New Directions
SERVICEKOOPERATIVEN – EIN MODELL FÜR DIE GEORGISCHE LANDWIRTSCHAFT?
Creators: name: Paviliashvili, Johanna
name: Paviliashvili, Johanna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Servicekooperativen
subject: Georgien
subject: Subsistenzlandwirtschaft
subject: Service cooperatives
subject: Georgia
subject: subsistence farming.

description: Georgia is a country with high agricultural potential, which is not fully utilized due to the deterioration of conditions for agriculture after the breakdown of the Soviet Union. Because of insufficient access to input supply, credits and markets, the productivity of the Georgian agriculture is very low. The small agricultural land surfaces lead, moreover, to high transaction costs with regard to the marketing of agricultural products that each farmer sells individually on local markets. Service cooperatives have been identified as a suitable institution for sustainable agricultural development. Despite their advantages they are not widespread in Georgia. This article analyses on the basis of an empirical study (n=406) attitudes of Georgian farmers towards cooperatives and identifies prospects for their implementation.
Preserved ejection fraction and structural heart disease in 446 848 patients investigated with echocardiography
Creators: name: Playford, David
name: Strange, Geoffrey
name: Stewart, Simon
name: NEDA Investigators
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cardiology

description: Background Sex-specific differences in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and responses to neurohormonal modulating therapies are relevant to clinical trials of treatment for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Aims This study aimed to identify the proportion and characteristics of patients presenting with possible or confirmed HFpEF within the National Echo Database of Australia.Results A total of 237 046 women (48.1%) and 256 019 men (aged 61.0 ± 18.3 vs. 60.6 ± 17.1 years, respectively) had sex-specific distributions of LVEF: 94.3% of women had LVEF ≥ 45% (mean LVEF 66.0 ± 8.6%), compared with 87.2% of men (mean LVEF 63.4 ± 8.7%). The presence of structural heart disease (SHD) according to the PARAGON-HF criteria could be calculated in 93.8% of women and 93.4% of men with an LVEF ≥ 45%. Of these, 64 502 (30.8%) women and 104 344 (50.0%) of men had left ventricular hypertrophy, and 78 948 (35.3%) and 95 846 (42.9%), respectively, had left atrial enlargement. As a result, the proportion of women vs. men fulfilling echocardiographic criteria for HFpEF was very different: 111 497 (53.2%) vs. 146 359 (70.1%). SHD markedly increased with age, associated with a greater increase in women than men. The same signal was observed in those referred for suspected or previously confirmed HFpEF.Conclusions Double the number of men than women had LVEF < 45%, and the distribution of SHD had was highly sex specific. Left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement were more common in men and becoming more frequent in women with advancing age. The echocardiographic SHD distribution was similar in those referred with suspected or confirmed HFpEF. The findings are relevant to sex-specific recruitment criteria for future clinical trials.
Provably Secure Experimental Quantum Bit-String Generation
Creators: name: Lamoureux, Louis-Philippe
name: Brainis, Edouard
name: Amans, David
name: Barrett, Jonathan
name: Massar, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coin tossing is a cryptographic task in which two parties who do not trust each other aim to generate a common random bit. Using classical communication this is impossible, but non trivial coin tossing is possible using quantum communication. Here we consider the case when the parties do not want to toss a single coin, but many. This is called bit string generation. We report the experimental generation of strings of coins which are provably more random than achievable using classical communication. The experiment is based on the ``plug and play'' scheme developed for quantum cryptography, and therefore well suited for long distance quantum communication.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. A complete security analysis for the experiment is given in quant-ph/0408120
Wort Plant Names in Contemporary English
Creators: name: Bagli, Marco
Publisher: name: Iperstoria
Year: 2021
Subjects: wort; plant-names; metaphor; metonymy; encyclopedic knowledge

description: The world of plants has exerted its fascination on researchers in linguistics for a long time. Botanic nomenclature was paramount in investigating categorization (e.g., Berlin, Breedlove, and Raven 1973), and in understanding the relationship between an individual and its environment. In the field of Anglo-Saxon studies, research into the lexicon of plants is of interest for at least two reasons. Firstly, plant names encode a wealth of information on the cultural system that has produced them by mirroring religious beliefs and dietary or medicinal practices. Secondly, this analysis provides insights into the psychological processes and linguistic strategies used to encode nature into language (e.g., Krischke 2013; 2009; Biggam 2003). In contemporary English, the names of ‘wort plants’ follow similar patterns to Old English plant names (Prosyannikova 2020). The lexeme wort is considered archaic by the OED, and it is listed as a suffix by Cambridge Dictionary. It derives from Old English wyrt, meaning plant, root. In contemporary English it is mainly found as the second element of compounds, such as lungwort, mugwort, but also in isolation as an independent morpheme. The present study aims at identifying and analyzing the occurrences of wort and wort-plants in contemporary English. Firstly, I will verify the occurrences of wort-plants in online corpora of English (COCA and BNC) and their frequency of usage. Secondly, I will provide a description of their morphological structure and semantic motivation. Following Blank (1997) and Krischke (2013), I will argue for a metonymic motivation of wort-plant names. Lastly, I will integrate the analysis of corpus data with a lexicographic analysis of their entries in the Oxford English Dictionary, to explore their referents in the two major varieties of English.
description: Iperstoria, No 18 (2021): Tourism Discourse in the 21st Century: Challenges and New Directions