cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MS 1603.6+2600: an Accretion Disc Corona source?
Creators: name: Jonker, P. G.
name: van der Klis, M.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Mendez, M.
name: Lewin, W. H. G.
name: Belloni, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed the eclipsing low-mass X-ray binary MS1603.6+2600 with Chandra for 7 ksec. The X-ray spectrum is well fit with a single absorbed powerlaw with an index of ~2. We find a clear sinusoidal modulation in the X-ray lightcurve with a period of 1.7+-0.2 hours, consistent with the period of 1.85 hours found before. However, no (partial) eclipses were found. We argue that if the X-ray flare observed in earlier X-ray observations was a type I X-ray burst then the source can only be an Accretion Disc Corona source at a distance between ~11-24 kpc (implying a height above the Galactic disk of ~8-17 kpc). It has also been proposed in the literature that MS1603.76+2600 is a dipper at ~75 kpc. We argue that in this dipper scenario the observed optical properties of MS1603.6+2600 are difficult to reconcile with the optical properties one would expect on the basis of comparisons with other high inclination low-mass X-ray binaries, unless the X-ray flare was not a type I X-ray burst. In that case the source can be a nearby soft X-ray transient accreting at a quiescent rate as was proposed by Hakala et al.(1998) or a high inclination source at ~15-20 kpc.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted by MNRAS
title: Magyarország Ökoszisztéma alaptérképe
Creators: name: Agrárminisztérium
Publisher: name: Agrárminisztérium
Year: 2019

description: Magyarország Ökoszisztéma Alaptérképének elsődleges funkciója a hazai ökoszisztémák térbeli elterjedésének bemutatása, három szintes kategóriarendszerrel rendelkező, tematikus raszteres állomány formájában.

Az Ökoszisztéma alaptérkép teljes térbeli lefedettséget biztosít az országra. Bár az agrár- és városi ökoszisztémák térképezése is cél volt, az elsődleges célterületeket a természetközelibb területek jelentették. Az alaptérkép elkészítésénél „alulról építkező” térképezési modell valósult meg, amely egyrészt a valós állapotot minél jobban tükröző, már meglévő tematikus adatbázisokra támaszkodik, másrészt a távérzékelés módszereire alapozva kiegészíti és pontosítja ezeket. Fontos szempont volt rendszeresen frissülő adatbázisok használata, így megteremtve a térkép aktualizálásának lehetőségét a későbbiekben. A bázisév 2015, de a felhasznált adatbázisok köre tartalmazza a 2017. évre vonatkozó Sentinel optikai és radar űrfelvételeket is. A módszertant megalapozó vizsgálatokat, majd magát a térképezést a természetvédelmi projekt konzorciumi partnereiként a Lechner Tudásközpont távérzékelési és térinformatikai osztályai (a Földmérési és Távérzékelési Intézet, FÖMI jogutódjaként), az Ökológiai Kutatóközpont Ökológiai és Botanikai Intézet (ÖK ÖBI) és az Agrártudományi Kutatóközpont Talajtani és Agrokémiai Intézet (ATK TAKI) munkatársai végezték az Agrárminisztérium Természetvédelmi Főosztálya (AM TMF) - mint projektkoordinátor - támogatásával és szakmai felügyeletével.
Biophysically detailed mathematical models of multiscale cardiac active mechanics
Creators: name: Regazzoni, Francesco
name: Dedè, Luca
name: Quarteroni, Alfio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We propose four novel mathematical models, describing the microscopic mechanisms of force generation in the cardiac muscle tissue, which are suitable for multiscale numerical simulations of cardiac electromechanics. Such models are based on a biophysically accurate representation of the regulatory and contractile proteins in the sarcomeres. Our models, unlike most of the sarcomere dynamics models that are available in the literature and that feature a comparable richness of detail, do not require the time-consuming Monte Carlo method for their numerical approximation. Conversely, the models that we propose only require the solution of a system of PDEs and/or ODEs (the most reduced of the four only involving 20 ODEs), thus entailing a significant computational efficiency. By focusing on the two models that feature the best trade-off between detail of description and identifiability of parameters, we propose a pipeline to calibrate such parameters starting from experimental measurements available in literature. Thanks to this pipeline, we calibrate these models for room-temperature rat and for body-temperature human cells. We show, by means of numerical simulations, that the proposed models correctly predict the main features of force generation, including the steady-state force-calcium and force-length relationships, the length-dependent prolongation of twitches and increase of peak force, the force-velocity relationship. Moreover, they correctly reproduce the Frank-Starling effect, when employed in multiscale 3D numerical simulation of cardiac electromechanics.
description: The codes implementing the proposed models are available in an open-source repository at https://github.com/FrancescoRegazzoni/cardiac-activation. The datasets accompanying the article are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3992553
Rational Islamists: Islamism and regime preferences in Bangladesh
Creators: name: C. Christine Fair
name: Parina Patel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Scholars have long studied whether Islam is compatible with democracy. Quantitative analyses of survey data of Muslim polities have drawn from three broad theoretical and epistemological frameworks: civilizationalist or culturist; modernizationist, and rational choice. In this article, we contribute to this discussion by drawing from survey data from an important but under-studied country: Bangladesh. We use respondent-level data from a novel, nationally representative survey of Bangladeshis which was fielded in 2017 to inveigh upon these debates. Our analysis overwhelmingly undermine civilizationalist and culturalist claims. We find considerable support for modernist assertions that education and urbanization positively correlate with tastes for democracy, but we find little evidence that economic standing does. Our findings lend strong support for rational choice approaches to this puzzle: respondents who want more Sharia also prefer more democracy while those who want more secularism actually want less democracy. We aim to make modest contributions both to the theoretical literature on the relationship between Muslims’ religious and political preferences and to the empirical base of knowledge about Bangladesh, an important, yet neglected country.
Reclaiming Everyday Space : Villeray, Montréal
Creators: name: Assal, Myriam
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: Anchored in the discourse of participation and social space, Reclaiming The Everyday Space is first and foremost about a place and the people that make it alive. Perhaps, to its inhabitants, the scale of a neighbourhood is the most understandable scale of the city – it is the stage of our everyday life. This thesis analyzes the neighbourhood of Villeray, in Montreal, and argues for a re-appropriation of the city by right of inhabitance. In a highly capitalist society where space equals capital, social space needs to be valued again and fought for. Villeray needs public space(s) where people will participate in political, social and spatial debates about their space, and regain ownership and agency over their neighbourhood.
Structural characteristics of different softwood lignins according to 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy
Creators: name: Faleva, Anna V.
name: Kozhevnikov, Aleksandr Yu.
name: Pokryshkin, Sergey A.
name: Falev, Danil I.
name: Shestakov, Semen L.
name: Popova, Julia A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Along with cellulose, lignin is one of the most common polymers of plant origin. Numerous studies show that the complex and irregular structure of lignin is still unknown. First of all, the existing problems are connected with the peculiarities of lignins as a natural chemical compound. In this paper the general regularities of the chemical structure of dioxane lignins isolated from the softwood – larch (Lárix sibírica), pine (Pinus cembra) and juniper (Juníperus commúnis). The studies were carried out using a combination of 13C, 31P and 2D NMR spectroscopy. According to HSQC spectra it was established that the main structural fragments are the structures of β-aryl ether, followed by phenylcoumarans, with lower amounts of other substructures. Signals belonging to a methyl substituted phenylcoumaron were first identified on the NMR spectra of softwood dioxane lignins. Signals related to the structure of 3′-O-methylated dihydroquercetin were found in the composition of larch dioxane lignin.
“Fighting corruption” or “fighting the corrupt elite”? Politicizing corruption within and beyond the populist divide
Creators: name: Engler, Sarah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Corruption has become a central issue of electoral campaigns in Central and Eastern Europe. The EU and international economic organizations first emphasized the fight against corruption as an important indicator of good governance. The topic of corruption, however, has also gained momentum on different terms. Populists praise “the good people” and demonize the “corrupt elite”. As a result, anti-corruption claims are often only seen as a substitute of anti-elite rhetoric within the populist discourse. This article sheds light on the way the term “corruption” is used in electoral campaigns and argues that we do not get the full picture of the anti-corruption discourse, if we only focus on the populist narrative. Particularly, it argues that the “good governance”-framework creates incentives for pro-European and pro-market parties to politicize corruption independently of anti-establishment claims. Statistical analyses based on a new expert survey covering the campaigns of 62 parties in six CEE countries between 2000 and 2016 confirm this claim. While populists along the ideological spectrum use anti-corruption claims to highlight the dishonesty of the political elite, we also find parties that embed the fight against corruption in their pro-European and pro-market campaigns. Moreover, we find that these patterns are stable over time.
Global solutions near homogeneous steady states in a multi-dimensional population model with both predator- and prey-taxis
Creators: name: Fuest, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B35 (primary), 35K55, 35K57, 92D25 (secondary)

description: We study the system \begin{align*}\label{prob:star} \tag{$\star$} \begin{cases} u_t = D_1 Δu - χ_1 \nabla \cdot (u \nabla v) + u(λ_1 - μ_1 u + a_1 v) \\ v_t = D_2 Δv + χ_2 \nabla \cdot (v \nabla u) + v(λ_2 - μ_2 v - a_2 u) \end{cases} \end{align*} (inter alia) for $D_1, D_2, χ_1, χ_2, λ_1, λ_2, μ_1, μ_2, a_1, a_2 > 0$ in smooth, bounded domains $Ω\subset \mathbb R^n$, $n \in \{1, 2, 3\}$. Without any further restrictions on these parameters, we prove that there exists a constant stable steady state $(u_\star, v_\star) \in [0, \infty)^2$, meaning that there is $\varepsilon > 0$ such that, if $u_0, v_0 \in W^{2, 2}(Ω)$ are nonnegative with $\partial_νu_0 = \partial_νv_0 = 0$ in the sense of traces and \begin{align*} \|u_0 - u_\star\|_{W^{2,2}(Ω)} + \|v_0 - v_\star\|_{W^{2,2}(Ω)} < \varepsilon, \end{align*} then there exists a global classical solution $(u, v)$ of \eqref{prob:star} with initial data $u_0, v_0$ converging to $(u_\star, v_\star)$ in $W^{2, 2}(Ω)$. Moreover, the convergence rate is exponential, except for the case $λ_2 μ_1 = λ_1 a_2$, where it is is only algebraical.
description: 27 pages; changed title and incorporated referee comments
Thermodynamics of the high-temperature quark-gluon plasma
Creators: name: Blaizot, J. -P.
name: Iancu, E.
name: Rebhan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the various methods which have been employed recently to describe the thermodynamics of the high temperature quark-gluon plasma using weak coupling techniques, and we compare their results with those of most recent lattice gauge calculations. Many of the difficulties encountered with perturbation theory at finite temperature are in fact not specific to QCD but are present in any field theory at finite temperature and will be discussed first in the simple example of the scalar field theory. We discuss the merits and limitations of various techniques which have been used to go beyond perturbation theory in the soft sector, such as dimensional reduction, screened perturbation theory or hard-thermal-loop perturbation theory, and Phi-derivable approximations. In the last part of the review, we focus on the later, which lead to a remarkably simple expression for the entropy of the quark-gluon plasma. When complemented with further, physically motivated, approximations, this approach reproduces accurately the entropy obtained from lattice gauge calculations at temperatures above 2.5 T_c, where T_c is the deconfinement temperature. This calculation thus provides also support to the physical picture of the quark-gluon plasma as a gas of weakly interacting quasiparticles.
description: Review for "Quark-Gluon Plasma 3", eds. R.C. Hwa and X.-N. Wang, World Scientific, Singapore. 63 pages, 21 figures. v2: minor corrections and 2 references added
Curvature sensing of curvature-inducing proteins with internal structure
Creators: name: Noguchi, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many types of peripheral and transmembrane proteins can sense and generate membrane curvature. Laterally isotropic proteins and crescent proteins with twofold rotational symmetry, such as Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs superfamily proteins, have been studied theoretically. However, proteins often have an asymmetric structure or a higher rotational symmetry. We theoretically studied the curvature sensing of proteins with asymmetric structures and structural deformations. First, we examined proteins consisting of two rod-like segments. When proteins have mirror symmetry, their sensing ability is similar to that of single-rod proteins; hence, with increasing protein density on a cylindrical membrane tube, a second- or first-order transition occurs at a middle or small tube radius, respectively. As asymmetry is introduced, this transition becomes a continuous change, and metastable states appear at high protein densities. Protein with threefold, fivefold, or higher rotational symmetry has laterally isotropic bending energy. However, when a structural deformation is allowed, the protein can have a preferred orientation and stronger curvature sensing.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
Four arenas: Malaysia’s 2018 election, reform, and democratization
Creators: name: Ostwald, Kai
name: Oliver, Steven
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Malaysia’s 2018 election ended more than six decades of dominant party rule by the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). Three questions are paramount. How did the opposition finally achieve victory? What did voters who rejected UMNO actually vote for? Finally, what do the answers imply for reform and democratization? We argue that Malaysia is comprised of four distinct identity-based polities, each with a unique electoral dynamic and vision for the country’s political future. Using this framework provides valuable insights into UMNO’s defeat, which was achieved by making inroads, largely through elite splits, into two arenas that were previously impenetrable for the opposition. One arena remains electorally pivotal and thus exerts a disproportionately large influence on the new government’s reform agenda, entrenching the primacy of identity politics and ensuring the continuity of many policies that address ethnic relations. The case illustrates the extensive impact of divided polities and regionalism on democratization.
Lepage Equivalents and the Variational Bicomplex
Creators: name: Saunders, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58A10, 58A20, 83D05

description: We show how to construct, for a Lagrangian of arbitrary order, a Lepage equivalent satisfying the closure property: that the Lepage equivalent vanishes precisely when the Lagrangian is null. The construction uses a homotopy operator for the horizontal differential of the variational bicomplex. A choice of symmetric linear connection on the manifold of independent variables, and a global homotopy operator constructed using that connection, may then be used to extend any global Lepage equivalent to one satisfying the closure property. In the second part of the paper we investigate the rôle of vertical endomorphisms in constructing such Lepage equivalents. These endomorphisms may be used directly to construct local homotopy operators. Together with a symmetric linear connection they may also be used to construct global vertical tensors, and these define infinitesimal nonholonomic projections which in turn may be used to construct Lepage equivalents. We conjecture that these global vertical tensors may also be used to define global homotopy operators.
Degenerate ground state and anomalous flux hysteresis in an YBa2Cu3O7 grain boundary r.f. SQUID
Creators: name: Gardiner, C. H.
name: Lee, R. A. M.
name: Gallop, J. C.
name: Tzalenchuk, A. Ya.
name: Macfarlane, J. C.
name: Hao, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the flux hysteresis curves and trapped flux distribution in an YBa2Cu3O7 r.f. SQUID containing two closely spaced grain boundary Josephson junctions in parallel. Broadening of the flux distribution from T = 15 K to 30 K is followed by a bifurcation at T = 35 K which corresponds to a degenerate ground state. Above T ~ 40 K the bifurcation disappears, the flux distribution narrows significantly and small secondary loops appear in the hysteresis curves. This behaviour can be modelled qualitatively if we assume a temperature dependent second harmonic term in the current-phase relationship of the junctions.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
ECONOMIC THOUGHT OF THE PRIBUZHIE REGION: BELARUS AND POLAND
EKONOMICZNA MYŚL REGIONU PRIBUZHIE: BIAŁORUŚ I POLSKA
Creators: name: Charnavalau, Aliaksandr
name: Kuźmicki, Marek
name: Grzegorzewski, Adrian
name: Charnavalau, Aliaksandr
name: Kuźmicki, Marek
name: Grzegorzewski, Adrian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Pribuzhie
subject: economic activity
subject: economic thinking
subject: trends and economics

description: Subject and purpose of work: The article describes a new subject of research into the history of economic thought, the international Pribuzhie region. The article discusses the history of the rise and development of economic science in the Pribuzhie region from the 8th to the 21st century, which is the subject of research. The aim of the article is to present a new perspective on the subject of research as well as the characteristics of the process of economic science in the Pribuzhie region. Materials and methods: The article uses a conventional method, which is a collection of historical, philosophical and economic methods of cognition, on the basis of which, in the context of a scientific program, the past of economic thought and relevant doctrines are examined, and their content is described. Results: The various historical stages in the development of the economic thought of the Pribuzhie region are described, as well as new, unpublished facts relating to individual economic doctrines. Conclusions: Political activity and public administration activities should involve economic education, which defines the essence of economic policy, its objectives and ways of realization in the practical sphere.
Nonlinear solutions for χ^(2) frequency combs in optical microresonators
Creators: name: Podivilov, Evgeny
name: Smirnov, Sergey
name: Breunig, Ingo
name: Sturman, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental and theoretical studies of nonlinear frequency combs in χ^(3) optical microresonators attracted tremendous research interest during the last decade and resulted in prototypes of solitonbased steadily working devices. Realization of similar combs owing to χ^(2) optical nonlinearity promises new breakthroughs and is a big scientific challenge. We analyze the main obstacles for realization of the χ^(2) frequency combs in high-Q microresonators and propose two families of steadystate nonlinear solutions, including soliton and periodic solutions, for such combs. Despite generic periodicity of light fields inside microresonators, the nonlinear solutions can be topologically different and relevant to periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions. The found particular solutions exist owing to a large difference in the group velocities between the first and second harmonics, typical of χ^(2) microresonators, and to the presence of the pump. They have no zero-pump counterparts relevant to conservative solitons. Stability issue for the found comb solutions remains open and requires further numerical analysis.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
title: Evaluating Success of Bycatch Mitigation Measures
Creators: name: O’Keefe, Catherine E.
name: Cadrin, Steven X.
name: Stokesbury, Kevin D.E.
Publisher: name: ASC 2012 - Theme session C
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Designing effective bycatch mitigation programs requires an understanding of life histories of target and non‐target species, interactions of fish and fishing gear, effects of spatial and temporal shifts in fishing effort, socioeconomic impacts to the fishery, and incentives of fishery participants.  The effects of mitigation measures (including fishing gear modification, time/area closures, bycatch quotas and caps, incentive programs and fleet communication programs) have been extensively evaluated with respect to reducing bycatch and discards.  Less attention has been focused on evaluating unanticipated results related to shifts in fishing effort, changes in size of non‐target species caught, reduced catch of target species, and socioeconomic costs to fishing fleets.  We review mitigation measures to evaluate overall effectiveness in reducing bycatch without causing unintended biological and socioeconomic impacts.  Our results suggest that wide‐ranging studies of species’ life histories, potential changes in fleet behavior, and individual incentives are important for developing and implementing mitigation programs.   Combining mitigation techniques, such as gear modifications paired with fleet communications, has been successful in meeting biological and socioeconomic fisheries goals.    Additionally, collaborative programs that utilize the skill sets of fishermen, scientists and managers have been more effective in meeting bycatch reduction objectives.
Persona: P Jasper Kempe
Creators: name: Elbrecht, Karin (edu-sharing NETWORK e.V.)
name: Peil, Ricarda
name: Dinier, Julia
name: Lehmler, Julia
name: Endries, Tara – Marie
name: Schröter, Alexander
name: Erdmann, Sönke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Persona
BIRD
Bildungsraum Digital
Educational Technologies
Human-Centered-Design

description: Die Anforderungen für das BIRD-Portal wurden mithilfe von Szenario-basiertem Design abgeleitet. Die zugrundeliegende Personasammlung soll nun Schritt für Schritt veröffentlicht werden.
PolyLUT: Learning Piecewise Polynomials for Ultra-Low Latency FPGA LUT-based Inference
Creators: name: Andronic, Marta
name: Constantinides, George A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are widely used to implement deep learning inference. Standard deep neural network inference involves the computation of interleaved linear maps and nonlinear activation functions. Prior work for ultra-low latency implementations has hardcoded the combination of linear maps and nonlinear activations inside FPGA lookup tables (LUTs). Our work is motivated by the idea that the LUTs in an FPGA can be used to implement a much greater variety of functions than this. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to training neural networks for FPGA deployment using multivariate polynomials as the basic building block. Our method takes advantage of the flexibility offered by the soft logic, hiding the polynomial evaluation inside the LUTs with minimal overhead. We show that by using polynomial building blocks, we can achieve the same accuracy using considerably fewer layers of soft logic than by using linear functions, leading to significant latency and area improvements. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in three tasks: network intrusion detection, jet identification at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, and handwritten digit recognition using the MNIST dataset.
RELIGIOUS DOCTRINES VERSUS ECONOMICS IN THE ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES
DOKTRYNY RELIGIJNE A EKONOMIA W STAROŻYTNOŚCI I ŚREDNIOWIECZU
Creators: name: Wójcicki, Włodzimierz
name: Wójcicki, Włodzimierz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: scholasticism
subject: method
subject: Thomas Aquinas
subject: Ockham’s razor
subject: the Bible

description: Subject and purpose of work: The work presents the participation of religious ideas in shaping ethical attitudes in business. Its purpose is to indicate the need to consolidate ethical principles in economics with the use of various possibilities of social persuasion. Materials and methods: The research was based on literature studies, including religious, philosophical and historical literature. In particular, the method of induction was employed - from rules to conclusions. Attention was paid to the considerations of the method itself. Results: The development of research on the method required the recognition of the role of reason - autonomous with respect to faith. Findings of St. Thomas Aquinas (distinction between act and possibility, forms and matter, recognition of the causal linkage between events, negation of the dual truth about the same event) and W. Ockham (entities are not to be multiplied without necessity) are still valid today. Conclusions: Religious ideas support economic activity by propagating ethical norms of behaviour. This, in turn, evokes the view of J.M. Keynes about the important role of ideas as such. The significance of the Bible goes far beyond religious aspects
title: Can Groundgear Modifications Minimize Bycatch of Flatfish in the New England Trawl Fishery?
Creators: name: Roman, Sally
name: Cadrin, Steve
name: He, Pingguo
Publisher: name: ASC 2012 - Theme session C
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The groundfish fishery in the New England region in the Northwest Atlantic has transitioned to a catch-share management system with annual catch limits for regulated groundfish. Within this management scheme, the ability to reduce bycatch of sub-legal and non-retention flatfish could allow for optimization of catch allocations while promoting sustainable fishing practices. A modified groundgear with “escape windows” was tested during two separate projects to examine if the catch of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) could be reduced. The objective of the first project was to reduce the catch of sub-legal American plaice while maintaining commercial catches of legal plaice, while that of the second project was to minimize the catch of winter flounder, a non-retention stock, while retaining Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Comparative fishing sea trials were conducted onboard commercial otter trawl vessels in March of 2011 and April of 2012. Dimensions of the “escape windows” differed between the projects based on the varying project objectives and target species. Results indicated that the window sizes tested to reduce the catch of sub-legal American plaice were ineffective, and the use of the groundgear in conjunction with a large mesh panel resulted in a significant loss of Atlantic cod. Modified escape windows without a large mesh panel showed a reduction in the catch of the flatfish and juvenile Atlantic cod while maintaining catch rates of legal sized cod. Continued research is warranted to refine groundgear modifications for effective bycatch reduction
Lévy flights in a steep potential well
Creators: name: Chechkin, Aleksei V.
name: Gonchar, Vsevolod Yu.
name: Klafter, Joseph
name: Metzler, Ralf
name: Tanatarov, Leonid V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lévy flights in steeper than harmonic potentials have been shown to exhibit finite variance and a critical time at which a bifurcation from an initial mono-modal to a terminal bimodal distribution occurs (Chechkin et al., Phys. Rev. E {\bf 67}, 010102(R) (2003)). In this paper, we present a detailed study of Lévy flights in potentials of the type U(x)∝|x|^c with c>2. Apart from the bifurcation into bimodality, we find the interesting result that for c>4 a trimodal transient exists due to the temporal overlap between the decay of the central peak around the initial $δ$-condition and the building up of the two emerging side-peaks, which are characteristic for the stationary state. Thus, for certain system parameters there exists a transient tri-modal distribution of the Lévy flight. These properties of LFs in external potentials of the power-law type can be represented by certain phase diagrams. We also present details about the proof of multi-modality and the numerical procedures to establish the probability distribution of the process.
description: 13 pages in RevTeX4, numerous gif figures
Determining $γ$ using $B^\pm \to D K^\pm$ with multibody D decays
Creators: name: Giri, Anjan
name: Grossman, Yuval
name: Soffer, Abner
name: Zupan, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for determining $γ$ using $B^\pm\to D K^\pm$ decays followed by a multibody $D$ decay, such as $D \to K_S π^-π^+$, $D \to K_S K^-K^+$ and $D \to K_S π^-π^+π^0$. The main advantages of the method is that it uses only Cabibbo allowed $D$ decays, and that large strong phases are expected due to the presence of resonances. Since no knowledge about the resonance structure is needed, $γ$ can be extracted without any hadronic uncertainty.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
Inequalities, chance and success in sport competitions: simulations vs empirical data
Creators: name: Sobkowicz, Pawel
name: Frank, Robert H
name: Biondo, Alessio E
name: Pluchino, Alessandro
name: Rapisarda, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new way of estimation of the role of chance in achieving success, by comparing the empirical data from 100-meter dash competitions (one of the sports disciplines with the most stringent controls of external randomness), with the results of an agent-based computer model, which assumes that success depends jointly on the intrinsic talent of the agent and on unpredictable luck. We find a small, but non-zero contribution of random luck to the performance of the best sprinters, which may serve as a lower bound for the randomness role in other, less stringently controlled competitive domains. Additionally we discuss the perception of the payoff differences among the top participants, and the role of random luck in the resulting inequality.
description: submitted for publication
SYSTEMIC PARADIGM IN THE TRADITION OF MARKETING SCIENCE
PARADYGMAT SYSTEMOWY W TRADYCJI NAUKI O MARKETINGU
Creators: name: Kamiński, Jacek
name: Kamiński, Jacek
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: marketing science
subject: systemic paradigm
subject: history of marketing thought
subject: macromarketing

description: Subject and purpose of work: This work is devoted to presenting the development of the systemic paradigm in marketing science. Its purpose is to discuss the genesis and early stages of the development of systemic paradigm that forms the basis of one of its mainstream marketing theories, known as macromarketing. Materials and methods: The article was created on the basis of the review and synthesis of the previous studies devoted to the issue of systemic approach to marketing and marketing systems. The historical analysis method, combined with the synthesis of earlier research achievements, was employed. Results: The article fills a gap in the area of identifying alternative paradigms of marketing science. It demonstrates how the systemic approach proposed by the forerunners of marketing was developed into a concept which is now the foundation of one of contemporary marketing sub-disciplines - macromarketing. Conclusions: The main conclusion that follows from the conducted analysis is the observation that systemic paradigm is deeply ingrained in the tradition of marketing thought, creating a prominent direction of reflection which is more concerned with the environmental and social role of marketing than with marketing as a management function.
Insights Into the Inner Workings of Transformer Models for Protein Function Prediction
Creators: name: Wenzel, Markus
name: Grüner, Erik
name: Strodthoff, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Motivation: We explored how explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) can help to shed light into the inner workings of neural networks for protein function prediction, by extending the widely used XAI method of integrated gradients such that latent representations inside of transformer models, which were finetuned to Gene Ontology term and Enzyme Commission number prediction, can be inspected too. Results: The approach enabled us to identify amino acids in the sequences that the transformers pay particular attention to, and to show that these relevant sequence parts reflect expectations from biology and chemistry, both in the embedding layer and inside of the model, where we identified transformer heads with a statistically significant correspondence of attribution maps with ground truth sequence annotations (e.g. transmembrane regions, active sites) across many proteins. Availability and Implementation: Source code can be accessed at https://github.com/markuswenzel/xai-proteins .
description: 26 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables, source code available at https://github.com/markuswenzel/xai-proteins
High Society : Leisure in the Modern City
Creators: name: Porter, Leah
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: Placed within the assumption that the legalization of psychedelics is forthcoming, this speculative investigation uses the event of psychedelic legalization as a catalyst and inspiration for the augmentation of everyday public spaces within Vancouver. Through the analysis and distillation of the psychedelic experience, a new design framework that prioritizes magic and meaning can be created, producing spaces that push the boundaries of what public space should do, and what the everyday user can gain. The intent of this new design lens is to not only accommodate the psychedelic user within the urban environment, but also to allow the everyday user to tap into the psychedelic mindset, as well as its associated mental health benefits.
Constraining the delay time distribution of compact binary objects from the stochastic gravitational wave background searches
Creators: name: Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher
name: Biscoveanu, Sylvia
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The initial separation of massive star binaries sets the timescale over which their compact remnants merge through the emission of gravitational waves. We show that the delay time distribution (DTD) of binary neutron stars or black holes can be inferred from the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). If the DTD of a population is long, most of the mergers take place at low redshifts and the background would be rather quiet compared to a scenario in which the DTD is short leading to few individual detections at low redshift but a rather loud background. We show that different DTDs predict a factor of 5 difference in the magnitude of the gravitational wave background energy density ($Ω_{\rm GW}$) and have the dominant effect on $Ω_{\rm GW}$ over other factors such as the mass function of the primary BH mass, $p(m_1)$, the maximum considered BH mass ($M_{\rm max}$), and the effective spin of the black hole ($χ_{\rm eff}$). A non-detection of such a background can rule out the short DTD scenario. We show that SGWB searches can rule out the short DTD scenario for the BBHs within about four years of observing time at advanced LIGO design sensitivty for a local merger rate of 30 $\rm Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}$ assuming $p(m_1)\propto m_1^{-1}$, and $M_{\rm max}=50 M_{\odot}$.
description: Accepted for publication at ApJ
Hyperfine structure and isotope shifts of the $^1P_1 \leftarrow{} ^{1}S_0$ transition in atomic zinc
Creators: name: Röser, David
name: Padilla-Castillo, J. Eduardo
name: Ohayon, Ben
name: Thomas, Russell
name: Truppe, Stefan
name: Meijer, Gerard
name: Stellmer, Simon
name: Wright, Sid C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report absolute frequency, isotope shift, radiative lifetime and hyperfine structure measurements of the $^1P_1 \leftarrow{} ^{1}S_0$ (213.8 nm) transition in Zn I using a cryogenic buffer gas beam. Laser-induced fluorescence is collected with two orthogonally oriented detectors to take advantage of differences in the emission pattern of the isotopes. This enables clear distinction between isotopes whose resonances are otherwise unresolved, and a measurement of the fermion hyperfine structure parameters, $A(^{67}$Zn)$=20(2)$ MHz and $B(^{67}$Zn)$=10(5)$ MHz. We reference our frequency measurements to an ultralow expansion cavity and achieve an uncertainty at the level of 1 MHz, about 1 percent of the natural linewidth of the transition.
description: 5 figures, 9 pages
ECOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AS PART OF THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY CONCEPT AREA (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN RURAL AREAS)
AKTYWNOŚĆ PROEKOLOGICZNA JAKO OBSZAR KONCEPCJI CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (NA PRZYKŁADZIE PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW AGROBIZNESU Z OBSZARÓW WIEJSKICH)
Creators: name: Ratajczak, Marcin
name: Wołoszyn, Jan
name: Ratajczak, Marcin
name: Wołoszyn, Jan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: CSR concept
subject: environment
subject: agribusiness
subject: rural areas

description: Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this article is to show the results of the analysis of the involvement of micro-, small and medium-sized agribusiness enterprises operating in rural areas with reference to the issues of social responsibility in protection of natural environment. Materials and methods: Research on entrepreneurs’ views on CSR activities was conducted at the turn of 2016 and 2017 and included 212 micro (0-9 persons), small (10-49 employees) and medium (50-249 employees) agribusiness enterprises conducting business activity in the rural areas of the Wielkopolska province. Results: The conducted research has confirmed the common view that micro enterprises show little interest in implementing basic standards of social responsibility in the “environment” area. The situation is slightly better for small and medium enterprises. Conclusions: Pro-environmental activities, especially in the agribusiness sector, should be promoted, highlighting the range of benefits that can be achieved through these activities, such as improving relationships with the local community, increasing employees’ motivation, and increasing customers’ loyalty.
PRINCIPLES FOR RATING OF STATE AID AND DE MINIMIS AID IN REPAYABLE FINANCE
ZASADY OKREŚLANIA WARTOŚCI POMOCY PUBLICZNEJ I POMOCY DE MINIMIS W PRZYPADKU ZWROTNYCH INSTRUMENTÓW WSPARCIA
Creators: name: Kowalski, Dariusz
name: Kowalski, Dariusz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: de minimis aid
subject: SMEs
subject: state aid
subject: repayable finance

description: Subject and purpose of work: The subject of the article is an analysis of the state aid rules by state authorities in the context of calculating the amount of state aid. This problem was discussed on the basis of a relatively new form of assistance repayable instruments. The aim of this article is to identify the noncompliance of the rules generally applicable to the rules for repayable support. Materials and methods: In order to achieve the objectives set, the analysis of the identified problems was based on non-reactive research involving the assessment of available information. It included studies of normative acts, literature of the subject and reports and analyzes. Results: It has been identified that the current form of act on State aid cases does not take into account the specific nature of aid calculation under return instruments, which is that the final value of the state aid is known only after the repayment of the financial instrument. Conclusions: The legislator should adjust the law on proceedings in state aid cases, the more frequently used form of State intervention is repayable finance. The current practice differs from the literal wording of the provisions in question and should therefore be amended to adapt the provisions to this form of aid.
United we stand, divided we rule: how political polarization erodes democracy
Creators: name: Ekim Arbatli
name: Rosenberg, Dina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Although there is a broad consensus among political scientists that polarization is detrimental to democracy, very few empirically investigate the links between political polarization and democratic erosion. Most studies use diversity measures that fail to capture contemporary polarization, where the society is divided into two large hostile camps. In this article, we address the gap. Theoretically, we argue that polarization increases animosity between “enemy camps,” making voters more willing to accept anti-democratic measures against the rival group. This tacit approval becomes even more pronounced during election periods, where political controversy reigns and the stakes are higher. Focusing on a specific type of electoral manipulation, we hypothesize that ceteris paribus, political polarization is strongly associated with higher levels of government intimidation of the opposition. We expect this relationship to be stronger in democracies than in autocracies. Empirically, we create our own measure of political polarization based on Esteban and Ray’s widely accepted measure, and test our hypotheses on panel data. In addition to the regression analysis, we offer anecdotal evidence from Turkey, Hungary, and the United States.
PHASES IN THE LIFECYCLE OF A COMPANY AND THE PROFITABILITY OF INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES
FAZA CYKLU ŻYCIA PRZEDSIĘBIORSTWA A RENTOWNOŚĆ PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW PRZEMYSŁOWYCH
Creators: name: Kuś, Agnieszka
name: Żurakowska-Sawa, Joanna
name: Kuś, Agnieszka
name: Żurakowska-Sawa, Joanna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: lifecycle phase
subject: industrial company
subject: profitability

description: Subject and purpose of work: The aim of this study is to analyse the profitability level of industrial companies in various phases of their lifecycle. Materials and methods: The article uses data from individual annual financial statements of industrial companies in accordance with the classification of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. In order to investigate whether there are essential differences in the level of profitability of companies in various phases of their lifecycle, due to significant deviations from normality, the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test was used. To find out which lifecycle phases differ significantly in terms of the level of analysed profitability ratios, a test of multiple comparisons of medium ranks was used (Post-hoc Dunn’s test). Results: The obtained research results show that a given lifecycle phase significantly differentiates the level of the analysed profitability indices. Conclusions: Based on the conducted research, it was found that the company’s lifecycle phase statistically significantly differentiates the level of the analysed profitability indices. In the early phases of the lifecycle, the level of profitability in the surveyed companies increased gradually reaching maximum and stable values in the phase of maturity or shake-out, after which it decreased in the decline phase. This points to an evolutionary transition of individual companies to the next phase of the lifecycle.