cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
DeepStrip: High Resolution Boundary Refinement
Creators: name: Zhou, Peng
name: Price, Brian
name: Cohen, Scott
name: Wilensky, Gregg
name: Davis, Larry S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we target refining the boundaries in high resolution images given low resolution masks. For memory and computation efficiency, we propose to convert the regions of interest into strip images and compute a boundary prediction in the strip domain. To detect the target boundary, we present a framework with two prediction layers. First, all potential boundaries are predicted as an initial prediction and then a selection layer is used to pick the target boundary and smooth the result. To encourage accurate prediction, a loss which measures the boundary distance in the strip domain is introduced. In addition, we enforce a matching consistency and C0 continuity regularization to the network to reduce false alarms. Extensive experiments on both public and a newly created high resolution dataset strongly validate our approach.
The Impact on U.S.-Cuba Latin America Relations of Rapprochement between Washington and Cuba
Creators: name: Dolezal, Jacquelyn
name: Hershberg, Eric
Publisher: name: Anuario de Integración
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Anuario de Integración, Edición especial , Año 2016
Condicionantes do desenvolvimento agroindustrial
Creators: name: Veiga, Alberto
name: Veiga, Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: O presente trabalho traz à discussão algumas das condicionantes do desenvolvimento agroindustrial que, conquanto exógenas ao setor sob o ponto de vista da empresa, são inseparáveis de quaisquer diretrizes de uma política agroindustrial que reconhece a interdependência das diferentes atividades econômicas. Neste conceito se incluem as características da agricultura e da demanda que interagem com o setor industrial. Com base nessas características e nos problemas específicos da empresa agroindustrial, são apresentadas algumas conclusões e sugestões que envolvem proposições políticas para o desenvolvimento do setor.
A streamlined approach to classifying and tailoring implementation strategies: recommendations to speed the translation of research to practice
Creators: name: Leeman, Jennifer
name: Roth, Isabel
name: Brenner, Alison
name: Shea, Christopher M.
name: Ferrari, Renee
name: Fleming, Oscar
name: Rohweder, Catherine
name: Toles, Mark
name: Lafata, Jennifer Elston
name: Wangen, Mary
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Background Implementation science emerged from the recognized need to speed the translation of effective interventions into practice. In the US, the science has evolved to place an ever-increasing focus on implementation strategies. The long list of implementation strategies, terminology used to name strategies, and time required to tailor strategies all may contribute to delays in translating evidence-based interventions (EBIs) into practice. To speed EBI translation, we propose a streamlined approach to classifying and tailoring implementation strategies. Main text A multidisciplinary team of eight scholars conducted an exercise to sort the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) strategies into three classes: implementation processes (n = 25), capacity-building strategies (n = 20), and integration strategies (n = 28). Implementation processes comprise best practices that apply across EBIs and throughout the phases of implementation from exploration through sustainment (e.g., conduct local needs assessment). Capacity-building strategies target either general or EBI-specific knowledge and skills (e.g., conduct educational meetings). Integration strategies include “methods and techniques” that target barriers or facilitators to implementation of a specific EBI beyond those targeted by capacity building. Building on these three classes, the team collaboratively developed recommendations for a pragmatic, five-step approach that begins with the implementation processes and capacity-building strategies practice-settings are already using prior to tailoring integration strategies. A case study is provided to illustrate use of the five-step approach to tailor the strategies needed to implement a transitional care intervention in skilled nursing facilities. Conclusions Our proposed approach streamlines the formative work required prior to implementing an EBI by building on practice partner preferences, expertise, and infrastructure while also making the most of prior research findings.
Investimento na geração e difusão de tecnologia agrícola no Brasil
Creators: name: Silva, Gabriel L. S. P. Da
name: Fonseca, Maria Aparecida S. Da
name: Martin, Nelson Batista
name: Silva, Gabriel L. S. P. Da
name: Fonseca, Maria Aparecida S. Da
name: Martin, Nelson Batista
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Este trabalho coleta alguns dados sobre investimento público em pesquisa agrícola e extensão rural, para São Paulo e para o Brasil como um todo. Comparações feitas com padrões internacionais sugerem a existência de uma má alocação entre essas duas categorias de investimento, com ênfase aparentemente excessiva em investimento no sistema de extensão, particularmente em São Paulo. Conseqüentemente, os resultados chamam a atenção para a necessidade de estudos analíticos sobre a matéria.
Holonomy for Gerbes over Orbifolds
Creators: name: Lupercio, Ernesto
name: Uribe, Bernardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R90; 57R56

description: In this paper we compute explicit formulas for the holonomy map for a gerbe with connection over an orbifold. We show that the holonomy descends to a transgression map in Deligne cohomology. We prove that this recovers both the inner local systems in Ruan's theory of twisted orbifold cohomology and the local system of Freed-Hopkins-Teleman in their work in twisted K-theory. In the case in which the orbifold is simply a manifold we recover previous results of Gawedzki and Brylinski.
description: 36 pages
Posição competitiva da soja brasileira: custos econômicos e financeiros na produção e comercialização
Creators: name: Wright, Charles L.
name: Meyer, Richard L.
name: Wright, Charles L.
name: Meyer, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Os impostos e subsídios para produtos agrícolas no Brasil são fundamentalmente diferentes dos norte-americanos. Essas diferenças criam consideráveis hiatos entre os custos econômicos e os financeiros de cada país, na produção e na comercialização da soja. Como conseqüência, mudanças nas políticas de tributação podem ser tão relevantes na determinação do grau de competitividade da soja de cada país no comércio internacional, como a eficiência dos seus agricultores e a infra-estrutura de comercialização. Outrossim, a combinação de subsídios ao crédito na produção e de pesados tributos na comercialização do produto brasileiro pode dificultar a consecução dos objetivos sociais da eficiência alocativa, da maior produção e da melhor distribuição de renda.
Epithelial MAPK signaling directs endothelial NRF2 signaling and IL-8 secretion in a tri-culture model of the alveolar-microvascular interface following diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) exposure
Creators: name: Vitucci, Eva C. M.
name: Simmons, Alysha E.
name: Martin, Elizabeth M.
name: McCullough, Shaun D.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Background Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) deposition in the lung’s alveolar capillary region (ACR) is significantly associated with respiratory disease development, yet the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Adverse responses that promote respiratory disease development involve orchestrated, intercellular signaling between multiple cell types within the ACR. We investigated the molecular mechanisms elicited in response to PM2.5 deposition in the ACR, in an in vitro model that enables intercellular communication between multiple resident cell types of the ACR. Methods An in vitro, tri-culture model of the ACR, incorporating alveolar-like epithelial cells (NCI-H441), pulmonary fibroblasts (IMR90), and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HULEC) was developed to investigate cell type-specific molecular responses to a PM2.5 exposure in an in-vivo-like model. This tri-culture in vitro model was termed the alveolar capillary region exposure (ACRE) model. Alveolar epithelial cells in the ACRE model were exposed to a suspension of diesel exhaust particulates (DEP) (20 µg/cm2) with an average diameter of 2.5 µm. Alveolar epithelial barrier formation, and transcriptional and protein expression alterations in the directly exposed alveolar epithelial and the underlying endothelial cells were investigated over a 24 h DEP exposure. Results Alveolar epithelial barrier formation was not perturbed by the 24 h DEP exposure. Despite no alteration in barrier formation, we demonstrate that alveolar epithelial DEP exposure induces transcriptional and protein changes in both the alveolar epithelial cells and the underlying microvascular endothelial cells. Specifically, we show that the underlying microvascular endothelial cells develop redox dysfunction and increase proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that alveolar epithelial MAPK signaling modulates the activation of NRF2 and IL-8 secretion in the underlying microvascular endothelial cells. Conclusions Endothelial redox dysfunction and increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion are two common events in respiratory disease development. These findings highlight new, cell-type specific roles of the alveolar epithelium and microvascular endothelium in the ACR in respiratory disease development following PM2.5 exposure. Ultimately, these data expand our current understanding of respiratory disease development following particle exposures and illustrate the utility of multicellular in vitro systems for investigating respiratory tract health.
Learning from the Learners: the role of technology acceptance and adoption theories in understanding researchers’ early experiences with CAQDAS packages
Creators: name: Silver, Christina
name: Rivers, Christine
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: ATLAS.ti
subject: CAQDAS
subject: Qualitative Data Analysis
subject: Technology Acceptance
subject: Technology Adoption

description: This paper presents findings of a qualitative longitudinal study tracking the use of different CAQDAS tools over the period of 12 months. This is the first project of its kind that follows researchers from learning a CAQDAS software to applying skills and using it in a research project. Findings illustrate that initial enthusiasm with the potential of software is often tempered by frustrations with its actual use. Users frequently attribute frustrations and cessation of use to lack of software functionality. However, successful adoption of CAQDAS technology is related to methodological awareness, adeptness in the techniques of analysis and technological understanding. Theories of technology acceptance and adoption have been used to contextualise findings and to develop a CAQDAS-specific model that helps teaching CAQDAS software.
Acceptability and feasibility of using a blended quality improvement strategy among health workers to monitor women engagement in Option B+ program in Lilongwe Malawi
Creators: name: Bengtson, Angela M.
name: Wallie, Shaphil
name: Bula, Agatha K.
name: Matoga, Mitch
name: Kumwenda, Wiza
name: Villiera, Jimmy Ba
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Kamanga, Edith
name: Chikaonda, Tarsizious
name: Mwapasa, Victor
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Option B + provides lifelong ART to pregnant and breastfeeding women with HIV to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV (eMTCT) and improve maternal health. The effectiveness of Option B + relies on continuous engagement, but suboptimal monitoring of HIV care hinders our measurements of engagement. Process mapping and quality improvement (PROMAQI) is a quality improvement strategy for healthcare workers (HCWs) to optimize complex processes such as monitoring HIV care. We assessed the acceptability and feasibility of the PROMAQI among HCWs and identified barriers and facilitators for PROMAQI implementation. A cross-sectional study using a mixed method approach was conducted from August 2021 to March 2022 across five urban health facilities participating in PROMAQI implementation n the Lilongwe district, Malawi. We assessed PROMAQI acceptability and feasibility at the end of the study. A 5-point Likert (1 = worst to 5 = best) scale tool was administered to 110 HCWs (n = 15–33 per facility) involved in PROMAQI implementationThese data were analysed using descriptive statistics Among the 110 HCWs, twenty-two (QI team (n = 11) and QI implementers (n = 11)) were purposively selected for in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was conducted using deducted and inductive approaches. The theoretical framework for acceptability (TFA) was used to identify reasons for acceptability. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to characterize the barriers and facilitators of PROMAQI implementation. HCWs recruited had a median age of 37 (32–43) years, 82.0% of whom were female. Most (42%) had completed secondary education, and 84% were nurses and community health workers. The median (IQR) acceptability and feasibility scores for the PROMAQI were 5 (IQR 4–5) and 4 (IQR 4–5), respectively. Reasons for high PROMAQI acceptability included addressing a relevant gap and improving performance. Perceived implementation barriers included poor work attitudes, time constraints, resource limitations, knowledge gaps, and workbook difficulties. The facilitators included communication, mentorship, training, and financial incentives. PROMAQI is a highly acceptable and feasible tool for monitoring engagement of women in Option B + . Addressing these barriers may optimize the implementation of PROMAQI. Scaling up PROMAQI may enhance retention in the Option B + program and facilitate eMTCT.
Application of the induction procedure and the Smith Decomposition in the calculation and topological classification of electronic band structures in the 230 space groups
Creators: name: Elcoro, Luis
name: Song, Zhida
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic properties in a solid depend on the specific form of the wave-functions that represent the electronic states in the Brillouin zone. Since the discovery of topological insulators, much attention has been paid to the restrictions that the symmetry imposes on the electronic band structures. In this work we apply two different approaches to characterize all types of bands in a solid by the analysis of the symmetry eigenvalues: the induction procedure and the Smith Decomposition method. The symmetry eigenvalues or irreps of any electronic band in a given space group can be expressed as the superposition of the eigenvalues of a relatively small number of building units (the \emph{basic} bands). These basic bands in all the space groups are obtained following a group-subgroup chain starting from P1. Once the whole set of basic bands are known in a space group, all other types of bands (trivial, strong topological or fragile topological) can be easily derived. In particular, we confirm previous calculations of the fragile root bands in all the space groups. Furthermore, we define an automorphism group of equivalences of the electronic bands which allows to define minimum subsets of, for instance, independent basic or fragile root bands.
description: 17 pages, 0 figures 129 pages of Supplementary Material
The Evolution of Early-type Field Galaxies Selected from a NICMOS Map of the Hubble Deep Field North
Creators: name: Stanford, S. A.
name: Dickinson, M.
name: Postman, M.
name: Ferguson, H.
name: Lucas, R.
name: Conselice, C.
name: Budavari, T.
name: Somerville, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The redshift distribution of well-defined samples of distant early-type galaxies offers a means to test the predictions of monolithic and hierarchical galaxy formation scenarios. NICMOS maps of the entire Hubble Deep Field North in the F110W and F160W filters, when combined with the available WFPC2 data, allow us to calculate photometric redshifts and determine the morphological appearance of galaxies at rest-frame optical wavelengths out to z ~ 2.5. Here we report results for two subsamples of early-type galaxies, defined primarily by their morphologies in the F160W band, which were selected from the NICMOS data down to H160_{AB} < 24.0. The observed redshift distributions of our two early-type samples do not match that predicted by a monolithic collapse model, which shows an overabundance at z > 1.5. A hierarchical formation model better matches the redshift distribution of the HDF-N early-types at z > 1.5, but still does not adequately describe the observed early-types. The hierarchical model predicts significantly bluer colors on average than the observed early-type colors, and underpredicts the observed number of early-types at z < 1. [abridged]
description: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal; 54 pages, 21 figures. Figures 10 and 11 are included separately in JPEG format
Continuous Activity Maximization in Online Social Networks
Creators: name: Guo, Jianxiong
name: Chen, Tiantian
name: Wu, Weili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Activity maximization is a task of seeking a small subset of users in a given social network that makes the expected total activity benefit maximized. This is a generalization of many real applications. In this paper, we extend activity maximization problem to that under the general marketing strategy $\vec{x}$, which is a $d$-dimensional vector from a lattice space and has probability $h_u(\vec{x})$ to activate a node $u$ as a seed. Based on that, we propose the continuous activity maximization (CAM) problem, where the domain is continuous and the seed set we select conforms to a certain probability distribution. It is a new topic to study the problem about information diffusion under the lattice constraint, thus, we address the problem systematically here. First, we analyze the hardness of CAM and how to compute the objective function of CAM accurately and effectively. We prove this objective function is monotone, but not DR-submodular and not DR-supermodular. Then, we develop a monotone and DR-submodular lower bound and upper bound of CAM, and apply sampling techniques to design three unbiased estimators for CAM, its lower bound and upper bound. Next, adapted from IMM algorithm and sandwich approximation framework, we obtain a data-dependent approximation ratio. This process can be considered as a general method to solve those maximization problem on lattice but not DR-submodular. Last, we conduct experiments on three real-world datasets to evaluate the correctness and effectiveness of our proposed algorithms.
description: in IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering
Performance Characteristics of Self-report Instruments for Diagnosing Generalized Anxiety and Panic Disorders in Primary Care (Report) : A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Williams, Jr., John W.
name: Benjamin, Sophiya
name: Herr, Nathaniel
name: McDuffie, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research & Development Service
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems

description: Evidence-based Synthesis Program.
Polynomial Representations of the Witt Lie Algebra
Creators: name: Sam, Steven V
name: Tosteson, Philip
name: Snowden, Andrew
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2024

description: The Witt algebra Wn is the Lie algebra of all derivations of then-variable polynomial ring Vn=C[x1,...,xn] (or of algebraic vector fields on An). A representation of Wn is polynomial if it arises as a subquotient of a sum of tensor powers of Vn. Our main theorems assert that finitely generated polynomial representations of Wn are noetherian and have rational Hilbert series. A key intermediate result states polynomial representations of the infinite Witt algebra are equivalent to representations of Finop, where Fin is the category of finite sets. We also show that polynomial representations of Wn are equivalent to polynomial representations of the endomorphism monoid of An. These equivalences are a special case of an operadic version of Schur–Weyl duality, which we establish.
Watermelons and Writing Qualitatively: Personal Reflections, Lessons Learned, and Prioritizing Process Alongside Product
Creators: name: Shelton, Stephanie Anne
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2024

description: My grandmother grew watermelons, and a childhood spent helping her taught me a lot about writing, and about writing qualitatively. Neighboring farmers laced soil with fertilizers that accelerated growth but thickened the rind and softened the meat. Others pulled fruit from the vines before ripening, producing soft rinds and bland, mealy fruit. She’d cluck her tongue and say, “Watermelons don’t sweeten off the vine.” Writing and watermelons have a lot in common. When I first started writing academically, I invested significant time and energy in fancy words, convoluted ideas, and a desperate pace to publish, not perish, and what grew was thick, mushy, and sour. In my efforts to hurry and finish one project only to start another, I snatched words and thoughts hurriedly. Writing doesn’t sweeten off the vine, either. When we harvested melons, my grandmother’s careful attention meant rinds thumping with sticky, sugary sweetness. The deep red meat nearly pulsed with the love sown into the soil. Writing qualitatively is like that: daily care, refusal to cut corners, savoring process and product. When writing creates the same satisfaction, purpose, and laughter in my heart and gut that my grandmother’s watermelons always did: that is to write qualitatively.
Virtual Reality for Persistent Pain : A New Direction for Behavioral Pain Management : A New Direction for Behavioral Pain Management
Creators: name: Hoffman, Hunter G.
name: Keefe, Francis J.
name: Huling, Dane A.
name: Coggins, Michael J.
name: Keefe, Daniel F.
name: Rosenthal, M. Zachary
name: Herr, Nathaniel R.
Publisher: name: International Association for the Study of Pain
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences

description: The purpose of this topical review is to identify and highlight ways in which VR can be used either alone or in combination with other treatments for persistent pain. The review is divided into three parts. First, we briefly describe VR methods currently used in the management of acute pain. Second, we discuss several potential applications of VR as a behavioral intervention for persistent pain. Third, we highlight important future directions for research in this area.
Experimental Measurement of Mixed State Geometric Phase by Quantum Interferometry using NMR
Creators: name: Ghosh, Arindam
name: Kumar, Anil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geometric phase has been proposed as one of the promising methodologies to perform fault tolerant quantum computations. However, since decoherence plays a crucial role in such studies, understanding of mixed state geometric phase has become important. While mixed state geometric phase was first introduced mathematically by Uhlmann, recently Sjoqvist et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(14), 2845 (2000)] have described the mixed state geometric phase in the context of quantum interference and shown theoretically that the visibility as well as the shift of the interference pattern are functions of geometric phase and the purity of the mixed state. Here we report the first experimental study of the dependence of interference visibility and shift of the interference pattern on the mixed state geometric phase by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.
description: 7 Figures. Physics Letters A (In Press)
Virtual Reality for Persistent Pain : A New Direction for Behavioral Pain Management : A New Direction for Behavioral Pain Management
Creators: name: Hoffman, Hunter G.
name: Keefe, Francis J.
name: Huling, Dane A.
name: Coggins, Michael J.
name: Keefe, Daniel F.
name: Rosenthal, M. Zachary
name: Herr, Nathaniel R.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this topical review is to identify and highlight ways in which VR can be used either alone or in combination with other treatments for persistent pain. The review is divided into three parts. First, we briefly describe VR methods currently used in the management of acute pain. Second, we discuss several potential applications of VR as a behavioral intervention for persistent pain. Third, we highlight important future directions for research in this area.
Posterior approach to correct for focal plane offsets in lattice light-sheet structured illumination microscopy
Creators: name: Daugird, Tim A.
name: Shi, Yu
name: Legant, Wesley R.
Publisher: name: SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics
Year: 2024

description: Significance: Lattice light-sheet structured illumination microscopy (latticeSIM) has proven highly effective in producing three-dimensional images with super resolution rapidly and with minimal photobleaching. However, due to the use of two separate objectives, sample-induced aberrations can result in an offset between the planes of excitation and detection, causing artifacts in the reconstructed images.
Aim: We introduce a posterior approach to detect and correct the axial offset between the excitation and detection focal planes in latticeSIM and provide a method to minimize artifacts in the reconstructed images.
Approach: We utilized the residual phase information within the overlap regions of the laterally shifted structured illumination microscopy information components in frequency space to retrieve the axial offset between the excitation and the detection focal planes in latticeSIM.
Results: We validated our technique through simulations and experiments, encompassing a range of samples from fluorescent beads to subcellular structures of adherent cells. We also show that using transfer functions with the same axial offset as the one present during data acquisition results in reconstructed images with minimal artifacts and salvages otherwise unusable data.
Conclusion: We envision that our method will be a valuable addition to restore image quality in latticeSIM datasets even for those acquired under non-ideal experimental conditions.
title: What is the contribution of personal information management systems (PIMS) to the Working Model and personal work system of knowledge workers?
Creators: name: Gregory, Mark Roger
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2017

description: The thesis reports research into a phenomenon which it calls the personal working model of an individual knowledge worker. The principal conjecture addressed in this thesis is that each of us has a personal working model which is supported by a personal work system enabled by a personal information management system. For some people, these are well defined; for most they are not even explicit. By means of structured self-reflection aided by conceptual knowledge modelling within the context of a process of action learning they can be improved. That personal working model is predicted by Ashby's law of requisite variety and by the good regulator theorem of Conant and Ashby. The latter theorem states that the only good regulator of a system is a model of that system. The thesis and the work it reports result from a systemic approach to identifying the personal information management system and personal work system which together contribute to the personal working model. Starting with abductive conjecture, the author has sought to understand what models are and to explore ways in which those models can themselves be expressed. The thesis shows how a new approach to the conceptual modelling of aspects of the personal knowledge of knowledge worker was designed, built and then used. Similarly, the actual data used by a knowledge worker had to be stored, and for this purpose a personal information management system was also designed. Both these artefacts are evaluated in accordance with principles drawn from the literature of design science research. The research methodology adopted in the first phase of the research now ending also included a relatively novel approach in which the PhD student attempted to observe himself over the last five years of his PhD research – this approach is sometimes called autoethnography. This autoethnographic element is one of a number of methods used within an overall framework grounded by the philosophical approach called critical realism. The work reported in the thesis is initial exploratory research which, it is planned, will continue in empirical action research involving mentored action learning undertaken by professional knowledge workers.
Magnetic-field-induced FM-AFM metamagnetic transition and strong negative magnetoresistance in Mn$_{1/4}$NbS$_2$ under pressure
Creators: name: Polesya, S.
name: Mankovsky, S.
name: Naumov, P. G.
name: ElGhazali, M. A.
name: Schnelle, W.
name: Medvedev, S.
name: Mangelsen, S.
name: Bensch, W.
name: Ebert, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) stand out with their high chemical stability and the possibility to incorporate a wide range of magnetic species between the layers. The behavior of conduction electrons in such materials intercalated by 3d-elements is closely related to their magnetic properties and can be sensitively controlled by external magnetic fields. Here, we study the magnetotransport properties of NbS$_2$ intercalated with Mn, Mn$_{1/4}$NbS$_2$, demonstrating a complex behavior of the magnetoresistance and of the ordinary and anomalous Hall resistivities. Application of pressure as tuning parameter leads to the drastic changes of the magnetotransport properties of Mn$_{1/4}$NbS$_2$ exhibiting large negative magnetoresistance up to $65 \%$ at 7.1 GPa. First-principles electronic structure calculations indicates pressure-induced transition from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic state. Theoretical calculations accounting for the finite temperature magnetic properties of Mn$_{1/4}$NbS$_2$ suggest a field-induced metamagnetic ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic transition as an origin of the large negative magentoresistance. These results inspire the development of materials for spintronic applications based on intercalated TMDC with a well controllable metamagnetic transition.
Evidence for a multizone warm absorber in the XMM-Newton spectrum of Markarian 304
Creators: name: Piconcelli, E.
name: Jimenez-Bailon, E.
name: Guainazzi, M.
name: Schartel, N.
name: Rodriguez-Pascual, P. M.
name: Santos-Lleo, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a XMM-Newton observation of Markarian 304, a Seyfert 1 galaxy at z = 0.066. The EPIC data show that MKN 304 is affected by heavy (Nh ~10^{23} cm{-2}) obscuration due to ionized gas. A two-phase warm absorber provides an adequate parameterization of this gas. The ionization parameter of the two components is ξ~6 erg/cm2/s and ξ~90 erg/cm2/s, respectively. The observed continuum photon index (Gamma ~1.9) is typical for Seyfert 1 galaxies. Two significant emission lines are detected at 0.57 keV and 6.4 keV, respectively. The former is mostly likely due to He-like oxygen triplet emission arising from an ionized plasma (maybe the warm absorber itself). The latter is due to fluorescent emission of K-shell iron in a low-ionization state (FeI--XV). The upper limit for the line width of sigma_{Kα} <0.18 keV most likely rules out an origin in the inner parts of the accretion disk. Interestingly, the strength of such line is consistent with the possibility that the emission is produced in the warm absorber itself. However, a substantial contribution from the torus is plausible too. We have also found a weak (4% of the primary continuum) soft excess emission component. The presence of this excess could be explained by either emission/scattering from a warm gas or partial covering, or a combination of them.
description: MNRAS in press
Phase transition for parameter learning of Hidden Markov Models
Creators: name: Rau, Nikita
name: Lücke, Jörg
name: Hartmann, Alexander K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a phase transition in parameter learning of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). We do this by generating sequences of observed symbols from given discrete HMMs with uniformly distributed transition probabilities and a noise level encoded in the output probabilities. By using the Baum-Welch (BW) algorithm, an Expectation-Maximization algorithm from the field of Machine Learning, we then try to estimate the parameters of each investigated realization of an HMM. We study HMMs with n=4, 8 and 16 states. By changing the amount of accessible learning data and the noise level, we observe a phase-transition-like change in the performance of the learning algorithm. For bigger HMMs and more learning data, the learning behavior improves tremendously below a certain threshold in the noise strength. For a noise level above the threshold, learning is not possible. Furthermore, we use an overlap parameter applied to the results of a maximum-a-posteriori (Viterbi) algorithm to investigate the accuracy of the hidden state estimation around the phase transition.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Correction: Palliative care for persons with late-stage Alzheimer’s and related dementias and their caregivers: protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: Mitchell, S. L.
name: Lynch, M.
name: Toles, M.
name: Kistler, C.
name: Lin, F. C.
name: Hanson, L. C.
name: Wessell, K.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Correction to "Palliative care for persons with late-stage Alzheimer’s and related dementias and their caregivers: protocol for a randomized clinical trial"
Large deviations for backward stochastic differential equations driven by $G$-Brownian motion
Creators: name: Dakaou, Ibrahim
name: Hima, Abdoulaye Soumana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F10 (Primary) 60H10, 60H30 (Secondary)

description: In this paper, we consider forward-backward stochastic differential equation driven by $G$-Brownian motion ($G$-FBSDEs in short) with small parameter $\varepsilon > 0$. We study the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the backward equation and establish a large deviation principle for the corresponding process.
description: 21 pages. This is a pre-print of an article published in Journal of Theoretical Probability. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10959-020-01005-0
Tuntian System in Miao Region of Western Hunan in Independent Subprefecture Period
Creators: name: SHI Xiaochuan
name: SHI Xiaochuan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Miao Region of Western Hunan, Land system, Tuntian system

description: After the Miao insurgence in the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods, the government of Qing Dynasty directly raised four separate subprefectures to the independent subprefecture (Zhili Ting), and the state power penetrated into villages of Miao People. The success of this strategy lies in adjustment of Qing government to taxation mode in Miao Region of Western Hunan, which formed the taxation mechanism dependent on Tuntian system. This has both the background of the times and the foresight and sagacity of designers, and shows unique rationalist spirit of the Confucian culture.
title: Initialisation Problems in Feature Composition
Creators: name: Nhlabatsi, Armstrong
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2009

description: Composing features that have inconsistent requirements may lead to feature interactions that violate requirements satisfied by each feature in isolation. These interactions manifest themselves as conflicts on shared resources. Arbitration is a common approach to resolving such conflicts that uses prioritisation to decide which feature has access to resources when there is a conflict. However, arbitration alone does not guarantee satisfaction of the requirement of the feature that eventually gains access to a resource. This is because arbitration does not take into account that the resource may be in a state that is inconsistent with that expected by the feature. We call this the initialisation problem. In this thesis we propose an approach to addressing the initialisation problem which combines arbitration with contingencies. Contingency means having several specifications per feature satisfying the same requirement, depending on the current resource state. We illustrate and validate our approach by applying it to resolving conflicts between features in smart home and automotive domains. The validation shows that contingencies complement arbitration by enabling satisfaction of the requirement of the feature that eventually gains access to a shared resource, regardless of the current state of the resource. The main contribution of this thesis is an approach to analysing initialisation concerns in feature composition. At the core of our approach is an explicit consideration of all possible states of a resource as potential initial states. Given each initial state we then derive corresponding specifications that would enable a feature to satisfy its requirement in those states. We show that our approach to initialisation problems is relevant to addressing the feature interaction problem by characterising some types of conflicts as initialisation concerns.
Preliminary Study on Crime Prevention of Left-behind Children in Rural China
Creators: name: ZHANG Lei
name: ZHANG Lei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rural China, Left-behind children, Crime, Prevention

description: In the process of social and economic development in China, there appears the inevitable problem of crime of left-behind children. Extensive researches and disputes prove that it is, to a greater extent, a social phenomenon resulted from social factors. It is recommended to improve the treatment of migrant workers and solve the problem of school admission for their children, provide effective legal education for those left-behind children whose problem can not be solved in a short term, and supplement the guardianship role to control the crime rate of left-behind children. Another more effective method is to resume effective control of people’s social life through the rural cultural tradition, to fundamentally prevent crime of left-behind children.
How to Promote Sustainable Development of Rural Sports in Gannan?
Creators: name: WANG Xianyi
name: ZHAI Fengzhou
name: WANG Xianyi
name: ZHAI Fengzhou
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Gannan, Rural sports, Sustainable development

description: Rural sport is the weak link in China's sport development, and in the context of new rural construction and new urbanization, rural sports face both development opportunities and severe challenges. Based on the connotation discussion about sustainable development of rural sports, this paper takes the rural sports in underdeveloped Gannan old revolutionary base for example, and brings forward the exploratory ways to sustainable development of rural sports, in order to provide a reference for the sustainable development of rural sports.
Non-Fermi liquid behavior from two-dimensional antiferromagnetic fluctuations: a renormalization-group and large-N analysis
Creators: name: Pankov, Sergey
name: Florens, Serge
name: Georges, Antoine
name: Kotliar, Gabriel
name: Sachdev, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Hertz-Moriya-Millis theory of an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point, in the marginal case of two dimensions (d=2,z=2). Up to next-to-leading order in the number of components (N) of the field, we find that logarithmic corrections do not lead to an enhancement of the Landau damping. This is in agreement with a renormalization-group analysis, for arbitrary N. Hence, the logarithmic effects are unable to account for the behavior reportedly observed in inelastic neutron scattering experiments on CeCu_{6-x}Au_x. We also examine the extended dynamical mean-field treatment (local approximation) of this theory, and find that only subdominant corrections to the Landau damping are obtained within this approximation, in contrast to recent claims.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Inhomogeneous Perturbations and Stability Analysis of the Einstein Static Universe in f(R,T) Gravity
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Waseem, Arfa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the existence of static stable Einstein universe using inhomogeneous linear perturbations in the context of $f(R,T)$ gravity ($R$ and $T$ denote the scalar curvature and trace of the stress-energy tensor, respectively). The static and perturbed field equations are constructed for perfect fluid parameterized by linear equation of state parameter. We obtain solutions manifesting the Einstein static state by considering peculiar $f(R,T)$ forms for vanishing and non-vanishing conservation of the stress-energy tensor. It is observed that stable static Einstein regions exist for both closed as well as open FLRW universe models for an appropriate choice of parameters. We conclude that this theory is efficient for presenting such cosmological solutions leading to emergent universe scenario.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
title: Problem-Solving and Partnership: A Study of the Role of Neighbourhood Action Groups in Neighbourhood Policing
Creators: name: Mehigan, James
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2009

description: This thesis looks at the implementation of neighbourhood policing by studying two case study neighbourhoods within the Thames Valley Police. The study focusses on the Neighbourhood Action Group (NAG) which exists in each neighbourhood. It comprises police, partner organizations (such as the local council, schools, businesses etc.) and some residents. The group puts the problem-solving role of the neighbourhood policing agenda into practice. The NAG attempts to take on board local concerns and prioritize the resolution or amelioration of these problems in their neighbourhood. In so doing the group must navigate a set of concepts which are riven with subjectivity and open to wide-ranging interpretation. The thesis looked at one NAG (Neighbourhood B) from before its initial implementation up until it established itself and began working on its priority problems. The research also observed a more established NAG (Neighbourhood A) which had been working on its priority problems for some time. In this way it was possible to follow the process in its entirety, including the consultation process, the formation of the NAG, initial problem-solving approaches and the problems faced by the group as it grapples with longer term problems. In looking at the NAG the thesis uses a 'nodal governance of security' approach. This locates the NAG as one 'node' linked into a larger network of security providers and governors. The group, in bringing together a selection of interested parties to work on the provision of security to a neighbourhood. Using this 'nodal governance' analysis, the thesis sets out a number of recurring difficulties which the NAGs face when trying to operate as a group of partner organizations. It further used the approach to look at how difficult the problem-solving process is for NAGs operating as 'nodes'. NAGs are still in their infancy, but it is clear that there are many problems, as well as much potential, ahead for them in implementing the neighbourhood policing agenda.
Paths for Upgrade and Transformation of E-commerce of China's Fresh Agricultural Products Based on Whole Industry Supply Chain
Creators: name: ZHANG Tianqi
name: ZHANG Tianqi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Internet, Fresh agricultural products, E-commerce, Big data

description: China's e-commerce market scale of fresh agricultural products has reached 1000 billion yuan, and the prospect is bright. However, in the face of such problems as quality control, storage and distribution, and consumption habits, the fresh product e-commerce has great difficulty in development. Internet generates large data, and data are the resources and the core of the Internet and the foundation for survival and development of Internet. This paper analyzed the current situation of the development of fresh agricultural products, and discussed the plight of fresh product e-commerce in scale, profit, non-standard, and network environment. On the basis of the whole industry supply chain, it came up with paths for upgrade and transformation of the fresh product e-commerce with the big data as the core in the context of Internet environment.
Earth-size planet formation in the habitable zone of circumbinary stars
Creators: name: Barbosa, G. O.
name: Winter, O. C.
name: Amarante, A.
name: Izidoro, A.
name: Domingos, R. C.
name: Macau, E. E. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work is investigated the possibility of close-binary star systems having Earth-size planets within their habitable zones. First, we selected all known close-binary systems with confirmed planets (totaling 22 systems) to calculate the boundaries of their respective habitable zones (HZ). However, only eight systems had all the data necessary for the computation of the HZ. Then, we numerically explored the stability within the habitable zones for each one of the eight systems using test particles. From the results, we selected five systems that have stable regions inside the habitable zones (HZ), namely Kepler-34, 35, 38, 413 and 453. For these five cases of systems with stable regions in the HZ, we perform a series of numerical simulations for planet formation considering disks composed of planetary embryos and planetesimals, with two distinct density profiles, in addition to the stars and host planets of each system. We found that in the case of Kepler-34 and 453 systems no Earth-size planet is formed within the habitable zones. Although planets with Earth-like masses were formed in the Kepler-453, but they were outside the HZ. In contrast, for Kepler-35 and 38 systems, the results showed that potentially habitable planets are formed in all simulations. In the case of the Kepler-413 system, in just one simulation a terrestrial planet was formed within the habitable zone.