cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and biochemical properties of human cervical tissue
Creators: name: Myers, Kristin M.
name: Paskaleva, Anastassia
name: House, Michael
name: Socrate, Simona
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biomechanics
Obstetrics
Gynecology

description: The mechanical integrity of cervical tissue is crucial for maintaining a healthy gestation. Altered tissue biochemistry can cause drastic changes in the mechanical properties of the cervix and contribute to premature cervical dilation and delivery. We present an investigation of the mechanical and biochemical properties of cervical samples from human hysterectomy specimens. Three clinical cases were investigated: nonpregnant hysterectomy patients with previous vaginal deliveries; nonpregnant hysterectomy patients with no previous vaginal deliveries; and pregnant hysterectomy patients at time of cesarean section. Tissue samples were tested in confined compression, unconfined compression and tension. Cervical tissue samples for the three clinical cases were also subjected to biochemical analysis. Biochemical assays measured cervical tissue hydration, collagen content, collagen extractability and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. Results from the mechanical tests indicate that cervical stroma has a nonlinear, time-dependent stress response with varying degrees of conditioning and hysteresis depending on its obstetric background. It was found that the nonpregnant tissue was significantly stiffer than the pregnant tissue in both tension and compression. Further, collagen extractability, sulfated GAG content and hydration were substantially higher in the pregnant tissue. This study is the first important step towards the attainment of an improved understanding of the complex interplay between the molecular structure of cervical tissue and its macroscopic mechanical properties.
The risk of endometriosis after exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals: a meta-analysis of 30 epidemiology studies
Creators: name: Wen, Xue
name: Xiong, Yao
name: Qu, Xinlan
name: Jin, Ling
name: Zhou, Chun
name: Zhang, Ming
name: Zhang, Yuanzhen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are suspected to be associated with endometriosis (EMs). This study aimed to synthesize published data and evaluate the relationship between four classic EDCs exposure and the risk of EMs. A systematic literature search for original peer reviewed papers was performed in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science based on inclusion criteria up to January 2018. Subsequently, a total of 20 papers conducting 30 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in this meta-analysis (four studies for bisphenol A (BPA), 12 studies for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), eight studies for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and six studies for phthalate esters (PAEs)). The overall odds ratio (OR) across all exposures and EMs was 1.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–1.60). When assessing four specific chemicals, respectively, consistent increases in the risk of EMs were found in PCBs group (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.18–2.12), OCPs group (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.02–1.92) and PAEs group (OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.00–1.60), while BPA showed no significant association with EMs. Besides, in the di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) group – the most commonly used PAEs, significant risk was also found (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.19–1.70). The current meta-analysis strengthens the evidence that specific EDCs or their metabolites may promote the occurrence of EMs.
Generalized Self-similar Scalar-Tensor Theories
Creators: name: Belinchón, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study through symmetry principles the form of the functions in the generalizated scalar-tensor theories under the self-similar hypothesis. The results obtained are absolutely general and valid for all the Bianchi models and the flat FRW one. We study the concrete example of the Kantowsky-Sach model finding some exact self-similar solutions.
description: 21 pages. Typos corrected. References added, minor corrections
Near-field Thermal Radiation Between Two Closely Spaced Glass Plates Exceeding Planck’s Blackbody Radiation Law
Creators: name: Narayanaswamy, Arvind
name: Chen, Gang
name: Hu, Lu
name: Chen, Xiaoyuan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: This work reports experimental studies on radiative heat flux between two parallel glass surfaces. Small polystyrene particles are used as spacers to maintain a micron-sized gap between two optical flats. By carefully choosing the number of particles and performing the measurement in a high-vacuum environment, the experiment is designed to ensure that the radiative heat flux is the dominant mode of heat transfer. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that the radiative heat flux across micron-sized gaps can exceed the far-field upper limit given by Planck’s law of blackbody radiation. The measured radiative heat flux shows reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions.
The molecular gas around the luminous blue variable star G24.73+0.69
Creators: name: Petriella, A.
name: Paron, S.
name: Giacani, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We study the molecular environment of the luminous blue variable star G24.73+0.69 to investigate the origin of the two infrared shells around this massive star and to determine its effects on the surrounding interstellar medium. Methods: We analyze the distribution of the molecular gas using the 13CO J=1-0 emission extracted from the Galactic Ring Survey. We use near- and mid-infrared data from 2MASS and GLIMPSE to identify the young stellar objects in the field. Results: We discover the molecular counterpart of the outer infrared shell around G24.73+0.69. The CO shell was probably blown by the stellar wind of the star mainly during its main sequence phase. We also find molecular gas that corresponds to the inner infrared shell, although its origin remains uncertain. We find seven young stellar objects upon the molecular material, whose birth might have been triggered by the stellar wind of the luminous blue variable star. We suggest that both G24.73+0.69 and the progenitor of the nearby supernova remnant G24.7+0.6 were formed from the same natal cloud and represent the most evolved members of a so far undetected cluster of other massive stars.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures degraded to reduce file size. Accepted for publication in A&A
The House on Bayou Road: Atlantic Creole Networks in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Creators: name: Force, Pierre
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: History
African Americans

description: This article discusses the coherence and relevance of the concept of "Atlantic creole" by examining the itineraries of two families, one white and one black, whose paths briefly crossed in the Tremé neighborhood of New Orleans in 1811. Through archival and genealogical research conducted in Louisiana, the southwest of France, Spain, and Cuba, the history of each family is reconstructed over the course of two centuries, with multiple crossings and re-crossings between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Matrimonial strategies and strategies of asset accumulation are examined carefully and compared over several generations, giving us a glimpse of how individual and group identities as well as one's positioning in the social hierarchy were constantly renegotiated. Some characters in each family are directly connected to major historical events: one fought on both sides of the Haitian Revolution; another was the editor of the first black daily in United States history. The study makes the case for the fundamental importance of family networks in Atlantic creole history. It also argues that the origin of Atlantic creole culture in coastal enclaves explains the coexistence of two opposite features: an unusual capacity for self-reinvention and a strong sense of local belonging.
title: Uncommon Hepatic Tumors: What Radiologists Should Know
Creators: name: Venugopal, Nitin
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal Viscera
subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: Liver
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: MR-Cholangiography
subject: Biopsy
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Staging
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Pathology
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Overview of imaging findings in common adult liver leisons (HCC, cholangiocarcinoma) Overview of imaging findings in the above and “uncommon” adult liver tumors Summary of demographic characteristics and risk factors of the discussed...
Sgluon Pair Production to Next-to-Leading Order
Creators: name: Goncalves, Dorival
name: Lopez-Val, David
name: Mawatari, Kentarou
name: Plehn, Tilman
name: Wigmore, Ioan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar color octets are generic signals for new physics at LHC energies. We examine their pair production at the LHC to next-to-leading order QCD. This computation serves as another test of the fully automized MadGolem framework. We find large NLO production rates and sizeable quantum effects which depend on the sgluon mass. The shift in the sgluon distributions is mild and in good agreement with a multi-jet merging calculation.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Conservation of Greater Sage-grouse: challenges managing a landscape scale species
Creators: name: Stiver, San
name: Riley, Terry
name: International Wildlife Ranching Symposium, Producer
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wildlife management -- Congresses
subject: Range management -- Congresses

description: Moderator: Terry Riley.
description: Presented at the 8th international congress for wildlife and livelihoods on private and communal lands: livestock, tourism, and spirit, that was held on September 7-12, 2014 in Estes Park, Colorado.
description: Greater Sage-grouse are a western North American plains grouse that had a potential pre-European settlement distribution of approximately 1,200,483 km2, spanning 12 US states and three Canadian provinces. That distribution has declined to < 668,412 km2 in 11 states and two Canadian provinces. The Greater Sage-grouse was determined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 2010 to warrant protection under the Endangered Species Act, but were precluded because of higher conservation priorities. Concern for the species, by a host of conservation entities lead to a comprehensive range-wide conservation strategy which includes conservation efforts, monitoring, adaptive management, research and technology, communication and funding components. The strategy was based upon the need to manage Greater Sage-grouse from a range-wide perspective, spanning multiple jurisdictions and coordinating conservation efforts on a landscape scale. We will explore the biological, economic, temporal, and political challenges of managing this species and the sagebrush biome. Sage-grouse are a sagebrush obligate species; depending upon the plant for many of its life functions. Sage-grouse as individuals or populations require large tracts of sagebrush, often spanning jurisdictions and land ownership to meet their needs. Sagebrush is a very slow growing shrub that is vulnerable to wildfire and disturbance. Some species of sagebrush require decades to reach a preferred age class for sage-grouse. Resources important to Western States will necessarily be impacted by an ESA listing and the prospect of an ESA listing has the attention of politicians from the Administration, the Senate and House, Governors, State Legislatures and County Commissions.
Possible detection of penetrative convection in F-type stars with asteroseismology
Creators: name: Deal, Morgan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Transport of chemical elements in main-sequence stars is still far from being understood and is responsible for large uncertainties in stellar models. The competition between all transport processes leads to variations of stellar abundances. This is only when taking all these processes into account that we will be able to explain observed surface abundances and to model correctly the internal structure of stars. The study of the signatures of seismic acoustic glitches in solar like oscillations has been proven to successfully unveil internal stellar
 characteristics such as the helium second ionisation zone and the location of the base of the surface convective zone. The latter is particularly important for the transport of chemicals as it strongly impacts the efficiency of atomic diffusion, especially for F-type stars. In this presentation, we show an analytical development making the link between the physical conditions in the penetrative convective (PC) region and the signature in the r010 frequency ratios. We applied this model to a Kepler Legacy F-type star and showed that if penetrative
 convection is responsible for the signature in the observed ratios r010, then PC extends much deeper than in the Sun. This opens new possibilities to constrain the transport of chemicals in these stars and to improve its current modelling in stellar evolution models.
Family Planning and the Millennium Development Goals
Creators: name: Cates, Willard
name: Abdool Karim, Quarraisha
name: El-Sadr, Wafaa Mahmoud
name: Haffner, Debra W.
name: Kalema-Zikusoka, Gladys
name: Rogo, Khama
name: Petruney, Tricia
name: Averill, E. Megan Davidson
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Family planning services
Poverty--International cooperation
Virology
Epidemiology

description: The United Nations' (UN's) eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (1) are widely accepted as the primary path to alleviating poverty worldwide. This month, world leaders convene to assess progress toward these goals (2). In the countdown to the MDG 2015 deadline and amid protracted economic recession, we need the most efficient, effective, and evidence-based means to accelerate progress toward all MDGs. Challenges must be considered in concert, and solutions must provide multidimensional dividends for the world's poor, or we risk unwisely dividing limited resources and diluting their impact. As authors from diverse communities, we emphasize here the influence that investments in rights-based family planning can have on achieving the MDGs.
Monitoring stimulated emission at the single photon level in one-dimensional atoms
Creators: name: Valente, D.
name: Portolan, S.
name: Nogues, G.
name: Poizat, J. P.
name: Richard, M.
name: Gérard, J. M.
name: Santos, M. F.
name: Auffèves, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate signatures of stimulated emission at the single photon level for a two-level atom interacting with a one-dimensional light field. We consider the transient regime where the atom is initially excited, and the steady state regime where the atom is continuously driven with an external pump. The influence of pure dephasing is studied, clearly showing that these effects can be evidenced with state of the art solid state devices. We finally propose a scheme to demonstrate the stimulation of one optical transition by monitoring another one, in three-level one-dimensional atoms.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Improved introduction; Comments added
title: Impacts of Area-Wide Air Pollution on Multimodal Traffic: Comparing Pedestrian, Motor Vehicle, and Transit Volumes in Utah
Creators: name: Tiwari, Prachanda
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: The impact of area-wide air pollution on multimodal traffic volumes has been underexplored. Thus, this research investigates the effect of area-wide air pollution on pedestrian volumes, motor volumes, and transit ridership across two urban areas in Utah for two years (2018 and 2019). The research employed multilevel modeling to study this effect. The model results showed an overall decrease in pedestrian volumes in both study areas, while driving volumes saw both increases and decreases in different locations. Transit ridership saw an increase during days with moderate air quality in one particular study area. Median income, vehicle ownership, and higher street connectivity were significant players in defining variations in the relationships between air quality and multimodal traffic volumes across different locations. Our findings suggest policy implications (air quality alerts and voluntary behavior change encouragements) for various locations and the scope of future research to better understand the relationships between air quality and multimodal traffic volumes.
title: Time Is On Our Side: Setting the Stage for Single Step Breast Biopsy and Localization Procedure
Creators: name: Hayes, Mary
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Image verification
subject: Foreign bodies
subject: Cancer
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Surgery
subject: Chemotherapy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Mammography
subject: Management
subject: Lymph nodes
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Review needle biopsy with concomitant wirefree localization of suspicious breast/axillary...
Gensidigt lærende partnerskaber i teori og praksis
Creators: name: Willert, Søren
name: Østergaard, Lars Domino
name: Nymand, Randi
Publisher: name: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter
Year: 2013

description: The article draws data from an action research project involving leaders and teaching staff from a large educational institution (researched part) and researchers and students from a university department (researcher part). The project strives for qualitative enhancement of teaching practice coupled with a wish to understand the enabling conditions behind such an enhancement. An ambitious project design was worked out. Facilitated action learning was chosen as a methods vehicle for bringing about the desired changes. The article’s first part (‘act’) leads up to a description of the principles on which the design was based: How may small scale action learning experiences be translated into large scale organizational learning and professional change. No funding agency could be found for financing the ambitious project design. The article’s second part (‘act’) describes the efforts spent on establishing an unfunded development-organization-within-the-educational-institution. University students filled in action learning facilitating roles while at the same time using their project experiences as study material (partnership for mutual learning). The collaboration between educational institution and university department is seen as an interesting prototype for furthering organization development in an age of economic scarcity.
description: Akademisk kvarter | Academic Quarter, Humanistik ledelsesforskning |  Humanistic leadership research, Vol. 6
Making markets, making biodiversity : understanding global biodiversity politics
Creators: name: Dempsey, Jessica Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Pricing and market exchange, we are now often told, are the only routes through which biological diversity can be saved. The objective of this dissertation is to examine the material-semiotic processes and networks by which a kind of ‘economized’, and even at times, ‘entrepreneurial nature’ comes to be. I ask: how did biodiversity become entangled in economic rationalities and market calculations? What are the circuits of knowledge and power producing biodiversity in this way? What calculative devices, methodologies and policies are created, or envisioned as necessary to make biodiversity conservation economic? And what are the implications, especially for the kinds of nature produced? To answer these questions, I study several ‘circuits of power and knowledge’ through which biodiversity is rendered visible, legible and especially economically calculable within global environmental governance. Not taking the subject of my thesis for granted, I begin by examining the rise of biodiversity in the 1980s, and its entanglements in notions of human security and as a source of exchange value, especially for biotechnology related applications. With this foundation, I go on to examine the Beijer Institute biodiversity programme, where, in the early 1990s, leading economists and ecologists met and developed a consensus on ‘the problem of biodiversity’, a consensus that is steeped in economic rationalities and methodologies. The rest of the dissertation focuses on very contemporary ‘circuits’ wherein ecologists, economists, NGOs, international institutions, and private firms attempt to render biodiversity economic, and, in some cases, profitable. This includes an examination of the rise of ecosystem service frameworks and models focused on weighing ‘trade-offs’ between different environmental management policies, attempts to produce biodiversity loss as a ‘material risk’ (meaning impacts on the bottom line calculations of firms), debates over how to make biodiversity markets, and intergovernmental negotiations focused on developing regulated market-like mechanisms that could finally achieve ‘green development’. In each of these cases I focus on how biodiversity is made visible and legible for governance, which means focusing on the conceptual apparatus, but also the calculative devices that quantify and value biodiversity and ecosystem changes.
Automated testing of an industrial supervisory control and data acquisition (scada) software system
Creators: name: Jolly, Shahnewaz Amin
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 161-166
description: This MSc project involved the application of two empirical software engineering approaches, case study and action research, during the systematic testing of a part of an evolving industrial SCADA software system. We performed black-box unit testing (BBUT) on this system according to the developers' requirement where we assess sect the behavior of 57 functions from the system-requirements perspective. Because of the inefficiency of a ailable te ting tools in our context, a customized BBUT tool, AutoBBUT, was developed. This was utilized as a part of this research to automatically generate NUnit test cases satisfying equivalence class partitioning, boundary value analysis and n-way testing. Afterward, we applied two white-box testing technique , code coverage measurement and mutation testing to verify and enhance the strength of these test cases. Finally, effectiveness of symbol and branch coverage was empirically evaluated based on their fault detection ability~ branch coverage was observed having more fault detection ability.
Effects of public preschool expenditures on the test scores of fourth graders: evidence from TIMSS
Creators: name: Waldfogel, Jane
name: Zhai, Fuhua
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Early childhood education

description: This study examines the effects of public preschool expenditures on the math and science scores of 4th graders, holding constant child, family, and school characteristics, other relevant social expenditures, and country and year effects, in seven Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries -- Australia, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, U.K., and U.S -- using data from the 1995 and 2003 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Our results indicate that there are small but significant positive effects of public preschool expenditures on the math and science scores of 4th graders and preschool expenditures reduce the risk of children scoring at the low level of proficiency. We also find some evidence that children from low-resource homes and homes where the test language is not always spoken may tend to gain more from increased public preschool expenditures than other children.
Measuring the 3D shape of X-ray clusters
Creators: name: Samsing, Johan
name: Skielboe, Andreas
name: Hansen, Steen H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations and numerical simulations of galaxy clusters strongly indicate that the hot intracluster x-ray emitting gas is not spherically symmetric. In many earlier studies spherical symmetry has been assumed partly because of limited data quality, however new deep observations and instrumental designs will make it possible to go beyond that assumption. Measuring the temperature and density profiles are of interest when observing the x-ray gas, however the spatial shape of the gas itself also carries very useful information. For example, it is believed that the x-ray gas shape in the inner parts of galaxy clusters is greatly affected by feedback mechanisms, cooling and rotation, and measuring this shape can therefore indirectly provide information on these mechanisms. In this paper we present a novel method to measure the three-dimensional shape of the intracluster x-ray emitting gas. We can measure the shape from the x-ray observations only, i.e. the method does not require combination with independent measurements of e.g. the cluster mass or density profile. This is possible when one uses the full spectral information contained in the observed spectra. We demonstrate the method by measuring radial dependent shapes along the line of sight for CHANDRA mock data. We find that at least 10^6 photons are required to get a 5-σ detection of shape for an x-ray gas having realistic features such as a cool core and a double powerlaw for the density profile. We illustrate how Bayes' theorem is used to find the best fitting model of the x-ray gas, an analysis that is very important in a real observational scenario where the true spatial shape is unknown. Not including a shape in the fit may propagate to a mass bias if the x-ray is used to estimate the total cluster mass. We discuss this mass bias for a class of spacial shapes.
description: 29 pages, 16 figures
X-ray microtomography scans (μ-CT) of neolithic ceramics –The reconstruction of the matrixes in comparison with XRF spectroscopy, portable XRF spectroscopy and petrographic thin sections on diagnostic pottery finds
Creators: name: Menne, Julia
name: Heilmann, Christopher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: pXRF
RFA
Ceramic
Pottery
Neolithic
X-ray microtomography
geochemistry
petrography
thin section
Funnelbeaker

description: X-ray microtomography scans (μ-CT) of neolithic ceramics –The reconstruction of the matrixes in comparison with XRF spectroscopy, portable XRF spectroscopy and petrographic thin sections on diagnostic pottery finds

The aim is to determine the individual components of the temper and the associated porosity non-destructively. This approach provides the opportunity to verify and extend the proven methods and to find new areas of application.

Methods: The investigation of ceramics with regard to their material composition allows insights into the material composition, production techniques and manufacturing processes. In addition to conventional petrographic thin sections, XRF spectroscopy analysis (XRF) and portable XRF spectroscopy (pXRF), the finds have also been examined by X-ray microtomography (µ-CT). The link between these methods is less common in order to obtain the necessary comparison of the methods to verify the reliability of the results. The aim is to develop a tool for cost-effective, fast, non-destructive and reliable material analysis of ceramics in addition to XRF.

Samples: The following investigation comprises 15 ceramic samples from three megalithic tombs of the neolithic Funnelbeaker-Westgroup in Lower Saxony and have been examined using the above mentioned methods.

Results and Objectives: The preliminary results show that the temper can be defined by comparing standard, reference and thin sections. For example, biotite is recognizable by its typical hexagonal shape (see right). The reconstructed pores indicate the manufacturing process. With the volumes of the individual phases it is possible to determine their quantity, which is tested by XRF in the following step.
Money versus Time: Evaluation of Flow Control in Terms of Energy Consumption and Convenience
Creators: name: Frohnapfel, Bettina
name: Hasegawa, Yosuke
name: Quadrio, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flow control with the goal of reducing the skin friction drag on the fluid-solid interface is an active fundamental research area, motivated by its potential for significant energy savings and reduced emissions in the transport sector. Customarily, the performance of drag reduction techniques in internal flows is evaluated under two alternative flow conditions, i.e. at constant mass flow rate or constant pressure gradient. Successful control leads to reduction of drag and pumping power within the former approach, whereas the latter leads to an increase of the mass flow rate and pumping power. In practical applications, however, money and time define the flow control challenge: a compromise between the energy expenditure (money) and the corresponding convenience (flow rate) achieved with that amount of energy has to be reached so as to accomplish a goal which in general depends on the specific application. Based on this idea, we derive two dimensionless parameters which quantify the total energy consumption and the required time (convenience) for transporting a given volume of fluid through a given duct. Performances of existing drag reduction strategies as well as the influence of wall roughness are re-evaluated within the present framework; how to achieve the (application-dependent) optimum balance between energy consumption and convenience is addressed. It is also shown that these considerations can be extended to external flows.
QCD thermodynamics with dynamical overlap fermions
Creators: name: Borsanyi, S.
name: Delgado, Y.
name: Durr, S.
name: Fodor, Z.
name: Katz, S. D.
name: Krieg, S.
name: Lippert, T.
name: Nogradi, D.
name: Szabo, K. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study QCD thermodynamics using two flavors of dynamical overlap fermions with quark masses corresponding to a pion mass of 350 MeV. We determine several observables on N_t=6 and 8 lattices. All our runs are performed with fixed global topology. Our results are compared with staggered ones and a nice agreement is found.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
The Presence and Distribution of Elastin in the Posterior and Retrobulbar Regions of the Mouse Eye
Creators: name: Gelman, Scott
name: Cone, Frances E.
name: Pease, Mary E.
name: Nguyen, Thao D.
name: Myers, Kristin M.
name: Quigley, Harry A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biomechanics
Ophthalmology

description: The Presence and distribution of elastin in the posterior and retrobulbar regions of the mouse eye was investigated. Mice of two strains (C57/BL6 and DBA/2J) were studied at 2 months and 8–12 months of age. Light, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy were used to identify elastin, using immunohistochemical techniques and ultrastructural evaluation. Elastin was found in the following ocular structures: conjunctiva, muscle tendons, sclera, choroid, and meninges. The elastin in the sclera was most dense in a ring surrounding the peripapillary optic nerve head, with its presence in the inner sclera declining with greater distance from the nerve head. Elastin fibers were oriented in the sclera along what would be expected to be the principal stress directions generated from the intraocular pressure, though actual biomechanical measurements have not yet been made in the mouse sclera. Elastin comprises a portion of the mouse sclera and its distribution in the peripapillary area is similar to that in human eyes.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Three-Dimensional Cervical Anatomy in the Second and Third Trimester
Creators: name: House, Michael
name: Bhadelia, Rafeeque A.
name: Myers, Kristin M.
name: Socrate, Simona
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Diagnostic imaging
Obstetrics
Gynecology

description: Objective: Although a short cervix is known to be associated with preterm birth, the patterns of three-dimensional, anatomic changes leading to a short cervix are unknown. Our objective was to (1) construct three-dimensional anatomic models during normal pregnancy and (2) use the models to compare cervical anatomy in the second and third trimester. Study design: A cross-sectional study was performed in a population of patients referred to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for a fetal indication. Using magnetic resonance images for guidance, three-dimensional solid models of the following anatomic structures were constructed: amniotic cavity, uterine wall, cervical stroma, cervical mucosa and anterior vaginal wall. To compare cervical anatomy in the second and third trimester, models were matched according the size of the bony pelvis. Results: Fourteen patients were imaged and divided into two groups according to gestational age: 20-24 weeks (n = 7)) and 31-36 weeks (n = 7). Compared to the second trimester, the third trimester was associated with significant descent of the amniotic sac (p = .02). Descent of the amniotic sac was associated with modified anatomy of the uterocervical junction. These three-dimensional changes were associated with a cervix that appeared shorter in the third trimester. Conclusion: We report a technique for constructing MRI-based, three-dimensional anatomic models during pregnancy. Compared to the second trimester, the third trimester is associated with three-dimensional changes in the cervix and lower uterine segment.
title: The Lesser Prairie-Chicken range-wide conservation plan
title: Development and implementation of the Lesser Prairie-Chicken range-wide conservation plan
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Klute, David
name: Riley, Terry
name: International Wildlife Ranching Symposium, Producer
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wildlife management -- Congresses
subject: Range management -- Congresses

description: Presented at the 8th international congress for wildlife and livelihoods on private and communal lands: livestock, tourism, and spirit, that was held on September 7-12, 2014 in Estes Park, Colorado.
description: The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) is a prairie grouse endemic to the southern Great Plains where it occurs primarily on private land. In March 2014 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service determined the lesser prairie-chicken warranted listing as a Threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. The Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA) developed the Lesser Prairie-chicken Range-wide Conservation Plan (range-wide plan) to set population and habitat goals, identify focal areas and connectivity zones required to sustain and expand lesser-prairie-chicken populations, and encourage coordination of habitat management activities both prior to and after the ESA listing. A novel aspect of the range-wide plan is a voluntary mitigation framework which (1) financially incentivizes avoidance and minimization of impacts from industry at broad and local spatial scales and (2) financially incentivizes the implementation of beneficial conservation practices by private landowners to offset impacts through the use of both short-term management contracts and permanent conservation easements. With the implementation of the Threatened listing, a special 4(d) rule provides incidental take coverage for activities conducted by participants in the range-wide plan. As of May 2014 over 6.2 million acres have been enrolled in the range-wide plan and associated Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances (CCAA). Enrollment fees of over $43 million have been committed to fund mitigation offsets in perpetuity for future impacts on enrolled acres. Contracts on private land in high-quality lesser prairie-chicken habitat are being implemented to offset impacts anticipated in 2014.
title: A cyst in a girl´s belly: what is it?
Creators: name: Ponce Balaguer, CRISTINA
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Cysts
subject: Congenital
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Pelvis
subject: Paediatric
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Paediatric

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review the wide group of etiologies in the differential diagnosis among cystic pelvic masses in pediatric female patients. To highlight the main radiological findings to narrow the diagnosis. Topresent some relevant...
Status of 3+1 Neutrino Mixing
Creators: name: Giunti, Carlo
name: Laveder, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an update of our analysis of short-baseline neutrino oscillation data in the framework of 3+1 neutrino mixing taking into account the recent update of MiniBooNE antineutrino data and the recent results of the MINOS search for nu_mu disappearance into sterile neutrinos (the more complicated 3+2 neutrino mixing is not needed since the CP-violating difference between MiniBooNE neutrino and antineutrino data has diminished). The results of our fits of short-baseline neutrino oscillation data including the MiniBooNE low-energy anomaly (now present both in the neutrino and antineutrino data) leads to a strong tension between appearance and disappearance data. Hence, it seems likely that the low-energy anomaly is not due to nu_mu -> nu_e transitions. Excluding the MiniBooNE low-energy anomaly, appearance and disappearance data are marginally compatible. The global analysis has the best-fit point at Delta m^2_{41} about 5.6 eV^2, which is rather large in comparison with cosmological bounds, but there are three regions within 1 sigma at Delta m^2_{41} about 1.6, 1.2, 0.91 eV^2. We also show that the data on the Gallium neutrino anomaly favor values of Delta m^2_{41} larger than about 1 eV^2.
description: 10 pages. Changed title. Final version to be published in PRD
Quantum effects in spontaneous emission by a relativistic, undulating electron beam
Creators: name: Robb, G. R. M.
name: Bonifacio, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current models of the effect of spontaneous emission on the electron beam dynamics neglect the discreteness of electron recoil associated with photon emission. We present a novel, one-dimensional model of the effect of spontaneous emission on the electron beam dynamics in an undulator both in the classical regime where discrete electron recoil is negligible, and the quantum regime where it is significant. It is shown that in the classical regime, continuous decrease of the average electron energy and diffusive growth of the electron energy spread occurs, in agreement with previous classical models. In the quantum regime, it is shown that the evolution of the electron momentum distribution occurs as discrete momentum groups according to a Poisson distribution. The narrow momentum features of the quantum regime may be useful for generation of coherent radiation, which relies on electron beams having sufficiently narrow momentum/energy distributions.
description: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in EPL. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at doi:10.1209/0295-5075/94/34002
Robust two-dimensional subrecoil Raman cooling by adiabatic transfer in a tripod atomic system
Creators: name: Ivanov, Vladimir S.
name: Rozhdestvensky, Yuri V.
name: Suominen, Kalle-Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate two-dimensional robust Raman cooling in a four-level tripod system, in which velocity-selective population transfer is achieved by a STIRAP pulse. In contrast to basic 2D Raman cooling with square envelope pulses [Phys. Rev. A 83, 023407 (2011)], the technique presented here allows for a wide variation in the pulse duration and amplitude once the adiabaticity criterion is satisfied. An efficient population transfer together with attaining of a narrow spread of the resonant-velocity group leads to the narrowing of the velocity-distribution spread down to $0.1v_\mathrm{rec}$, corresponding to an effective temperature equal to $0.01 T_\mathrm{rec}$. This robust method opens new possibilities for cooling of neutral atoms.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
title: Thoracic Imaging Findings of Common Variable Immunodeficiency in Adults: A Pictorial Review
Creators: name: Ní Leidhin, Caoilfhionn
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Genetic defects
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT
subject: Mediastinum
subject: Lymph nodes
subject: Lung
subject: Chest

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The aim of this exhibit is to illustrate the thoracic imaging findings in adult patients with common variable immunodeficiency...
Native grasslands of the Great Plains of North America: using prairie grouse as flagship species for restoration
Creators: name: Yeats, Scott
name: Haufler, Jonathan
name: Mehl, Carolyn
name: Riley, Terry
name: International Wildlife Ranching Symposium, Producer
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wildlife management -- Congresses
subject: Range management -- Congresses

description: Moderator: Terry Riley.
description: Presented at the 8th international congress for wildlife and livelihoods on private and communal lands: livestock, tourism, and spirit, that was held on September 7-12, 2014 in Estes Park, Colorado.
description: Video presenter: Jonathan Haufler.
description: The grasslands of the Great Plains of North America historically covered over 240 million hectares and supported a wide diversity of ecosystems and wildlife species. Today, many of these ecosystems are among those at greatest risk and many of the species they support are in serious decline. While some public lands exist, the Great Plains are predominantly in private ownership. This means that conservation efforts must first recognize what private landowners require from their lands, and then make conservation initiatives compatible with and workable within landowner requirements. Maintaining and restoring native grassland ecosystems is essential if maintaining the wildlife and biodiversity of the Great Plains is a goal. Prairie grouse (lesser and greater prairie-chickens and sharp-tailed grouse) are effective flagship species for emphasizing the need for grassland restoration and indicators of the sizes and distributions of needed grassland areas. Prairie Grouse Partners, a collaborative effort of the Ecosystem Management Research Institute, North American Grouse Partnership, Pheasants Forever, Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership, American Bird Conservancy, and the Mule Deer Foundation, have launched an initiative to restore native grasslands using prairie grouse as flagship species. Initial projects have engaged willing landowners in the application of treatments to restore grasslands. Management practices including prescribed burning, prescribed grazing, seeding of native species, chemical control of invasive species, and mechanical control of invading woody species have been applied and monitored to determine their effectiveness across different types of grassland sites. Initial results are promising, but larger coordinated efforts are needed to meet this conservation challenge.
Fluctuation geometry: A counterpart approach of inference geometry
Creators: name: Velazquez, L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 97K70, 70G45 (Primary) 62Fxx (Secondary)

description: Starting from an axiomatic perspective, \emph{fluctuation geometry} is developed as a counterpart approach of inference geometry. This approach is inspired on the existence of a notable analogy between the general theorems of \emph{inference theory} and the the \emph{general fluctuation theorems} associated with a parametric family of distribution functions $dp(I|θ)=ρ(I|θ)dI$, which describes the behavior of a set of \emph{continuous stochastic variables} driven by a set of control parameters $θ$. In this approach, statistical properties are rephrased as purely geometric notions derived from the \emph{Riemannian structure} on the manifold $\mathcal{M}_θ$ of stochastic variables $I$. Consequently, this theory arises as an alternative framework for applying the powerful methods of differential geometry for the statistical analysis. Fluctuation geometry has direct implications on statistics and physics. This geometric approach inspires a Riemannian reformulation of Einstein fluctuation theory as well as a geometric redefinition of the information entropy for a continuous distribution.
description: Version submitted to J. Phys. A. 26 pages + 2 eps figures