title: Ð ÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð² ÑÑÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð°Ð½Ð³Ð»Ð¸Ð¹ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Speech tactics for expressing criticism in Russian and English business communication
Creators: name: ÐÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð², ÐÐ¼Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ
ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°
ÑÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸
ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÑ Ð°Ðº-ÑÐ¾Ð²
Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°
Ð¿ÑÑÐ¼ÑÐµ Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÐµ Ð°ÐºÑÑ
Ð±ÐµÑ Ð°Ð±ÐµÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ
ÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ
ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð°-Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÑ
Ð¸Ð¼Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ
business communication
critisism
speech tactics
speech act theory
national specifics
direct and indirect speech acts
beahabivs
emotives
intensifiers
imperatives

description: ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð²Ñ-ÑÐºÐ°Ð·ÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑÑÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð°Ð½Ð³Ð»Ð¸Ð¹ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. Ð ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµ-ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ, Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¾-Ð½Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐµÑÐµ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÐµÐµ Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. Ð Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ»Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¸ ÐºÐ»Ð°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð¶Ðµ-Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð² ÑÑÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸ Ð°Ð½Ð³Ð»Ð¸Ð¹ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼ ÑÐ·ÑÐºÐµ Ð½Ð° Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ðµ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ³Ð¾-Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð², Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐµÐ¼ Ð¸ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐµÑÐ²ÑÑ. ÐÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð²ÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð²Ðµ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÑÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ³Ð¸Ð¸, Ðº ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¼ ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð±ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¼: ÐºÐ¾Ð½-ÑÐ»Ð¸ÐºÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ. ÐÑÐ»Ð¾ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ðµ ÑÑÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ³Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÐ°Ðº-ÑÐµÑÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ·ÑÐºÐ¾Ð². Ð Ð¾Ð±ÐµÐ¸Ñ ÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð´ÐµÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÑÐ¸-ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ° Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ¼ÐµÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº Ð°Ð´ÑÐµÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÐ°-ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð·ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ, ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¾Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÑÐµÐ½ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. ÐÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐ¼Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ðº Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÑÑ: Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ðº Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÐ³Ð¾, Ð°ÐºÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÐµ-Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÑ, Ð²ÑÐ·Ð²Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¸Ðµ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ, Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐµ-ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ, Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð²Ð·Ð°Ð¸Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð»Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ, Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÐ° ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð² Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñ. ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð», ÑÑÐ¾ ÑÐ°ÑÐµ Ð²ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð² ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ðµ ÑÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ² Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´ÐµÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸Ðº Ð²ÑÑÑÑÐ¿Ð°ÑÑ Ð¸ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ Ð¾ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ, ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐµ-ÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑ Ð¸ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ. Ð ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÑ-Ð¼ÑÐµ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑ, ÑÐ¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ»Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ, Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ðº ÑÐ¾Ð±ÐµÑÐµÐ´Ð½Ð¸ÐºÑ.
description: This work is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of critical statements in Russian and English business communication. In the theoretical part the role, types and functions of criticism in the professional sphere of communication, the main ways of its expression were considered. The practical section analyzes and classifies speech tactics of criticism expressions in Russian and English on the ma-terial of business negotiations, letters and interviews. Two speech-behavioral strat-egies that the criticizer resorts to when communicating with the interlocutor were identified: conflictual and cooperative. These strategies were found to be charac-teristic of speakers of both languages. In both cultures, destructive criticism im-plies a negative attitude towards the addressee and is characterized by categorical-ness, expressiveness and avoidance of the referential situation. The criteria of con-structive approach to the expression of criticism are: a positive attitude to the per-sonality of the listener, an emphasis on the real facts that caused the disagreement, offering a constructive solution to the problem, achieving understanding and mu-tual agreement, setting deadlines for the implementation of planned tasks. The analysis showed that the most frequent means of expressing destructive critical speech tactics are also negatively colored verbs and adjectives, rhetorical questions and imperatives. Constructive tactics are dominated by direct questions, the sub-junctive mood, addressing the interlocutor.