cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electron dynamics in planar radio frequency magnetron plasmas: I. The mechanism of Hall heating and the μ-mode
Creators: name: Eremin, Denis
name: Engel, Dennis
name: Krüger, Dennis
name: Wilczek, Sebastian
name: Berger, Birk
name: Oberberg, Moritz
name: Wölfel, Christian
name: Smolyakov, Andrei
name: Lunze, Jan
name: Awakowicz, Peter
name: Schulze, Julian
name: Brinkmann, Ralf Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electron dynamics and the mechanisms of power absorption in radio-frequency (RF) driven, magnetically enhanced capacitively coupled plasmas (MECCPs) at low pressure are investigated. The device in focus is a geometrically asymmetric cylindrical magnetron with a radially nonuniform magnetic field in axial direction and an electric field in radial direction. The dynamics is studied analytically using the cold plasma model and a single-particle formalism, and numerically with the inhouse energy and charge conserving particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions code ECCOPIC1S-M. It is found that the dynamics differs significantly from that of an unmagnetized reference discharge. In the magnetized region in front of the powered electrode, an enhanced electric field arises during sheath expansion and a reversed electric field during sheath collapse. Both fields are needed to ensure discharge sustaining electron transport against the confining effect of the magnetic field. The corresponding azimuthal ExB-drift can accelerate electrons into the inelastic energy range which gives rise to a new mechanism of RF power dissipation. It is related to the Hall current and is different in nature from Ohmic heating, as which it has been classified in previous literature. The new heating is expected to be dominant in many magnetized capacitively coupled discharges. It is proposed to term it the "μ-mode" to separate it from other heating modes.
Electron dynamics in planar radio frequency magnetron plasmas: III. Comparison of experimental investigations of power absorption dynamics to simulation results
Creators: name: Berger, Birk
name: Eremin, Denis
name: Oberberg, Moritz
name: Engel, Dennis
name: Wölfel, Christian
name: Zhang, Quan-Zhi
name: Awakowicz, Peter
name: Lunze, Jan
name: Brinkmann, Ralf Peter
name: Schulze, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In magnetized capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharges operated at low pressure the influence of the magnetic flux density on discharge properties has been studied recently both by experimental investigations and in simulations. It was found that the Magnetic Asymmetry Effect allows for a control of the DC self-bias and the ion energy distribution by tuning the magnetic field strength. In this study, we focus on experimental investigations of the electron power absorption dynamics in the presence of a magnetron-like magnetic field configuration in a low pressure capacitive RF discharge operated in argon. Phase Resolved Optical Emission Spectroscopy measurements provide insights into the electron dynamics on a nanosecond-timescale. The magnetic flux density and the neutral gas pressure are found to strongly alter these dynamics. For specific conditions energetic electrons are efficiently trapped by the magnetic field in a region close to the powered electrode, serving as the target surface. Depending on the magnetic field strength an electric field reversal is observed that leads to a further acceleration of electrons during the sheath collapse. These findings are supported by 2-dimensional Particle in Cell simulations that yield deeper insights into the discharge dynamics.
Deconstructing holographic liquids
Creators: name: Nickel, Dominik
name: Son, Dam T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that there exist simple effective field theories describing the long-distance dynamics of holographic liquids. The degrees of freedom responsible for the transport of charge and energy-momentum are Goldstone modes. These modes are coupled to a strongly coupled infrared sector through emergent gauge and gravitational fields. The IR degrees of freedom are described holographically by the near-horizon part of the metric, while the Goldstone bosons are described by a field-theoretical Lagrangian. In the cases where the holographic dual involves a black hole, this picture allows for a direct connection between the holographic prescription where currents live on the boundary, and the membrane paradigm where currents live on the horizon. The zero-temperature sound mode in the D3-D7 system is also re-analyzed and re-interpreted within this formalism.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures
title: CDL Data Quality Assessment
Creators: name: Keathley-Helil, Valerie
name: Brown, Mallory
name: Martin, Andrew
name: Najarzadeh, Amir E.
name: Howell, Brian K.
name: Walton, Jennifer R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Quality issues related to commercial driver license (CDL) data present ongoing challenges to state and federal transportation agencies. This study highlights several problems with CDL data, including a lack of standardization for state-specific traffic infractions; process and workflow difficulties that degrade the accuracy, validity, and timeliness of data; adjudication procedures that can potentially mask serious violations from CDL driver history records; inadequate recordkeeping in state law enforcement citation and court case management software applications; outdated mainframe systems in urgent need of upgrades; IT personnel who are not paid enough; and insufficient reporting requirements for federal agencies that issue traffic citations. Best practices states can adopt to resolve these issues include undertaking renewed efforts to standardize state traffic infraction codes and equivalency tables; increasing automation of data entry and reducing repetitive data entry processes; amplifying outreach efforts to law enforcement officials, prosecutors, and judges that are focused on the federal guidelines which govern the adjudication of CDL-related infractions and their application to driver history records; including a CDL indicator in citation and adjudication software so that researchers and analysts can better track how CDL-related traffic are handled; increasing investments in new IT systems as well as personnel recruitment and retention; and improving coordination between federal agencies and the Central Violations Bureau so that traffic citations are reported to state agencies quicker.
description: © 2020 University of Kentucky, Kentucky Transportation Center
Serial span predicts vocoded sentence recognition (Bosen & Barry, 2020)
Creators: name: Bosen, Adam K.
name: Barry, Michael F.
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170112 Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 170204 Linguistic Processes (incl. Speech Production and Comprehension)

description: Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine how various aspects of cognition predict speech recognition ability across different levels of speech vocoding within a single group of listeners.Method: We tested the ability of young adults (N = 32) with normal hearing to recognize Perceptually Robust English Sentence Test Open-set (PRESTO) sentences that were degraded with a vocoder to produce different levels of spectral resolution (16, eight, and four carrier channels). Participants also completed tests of cognition (fluid intelligence, short-term memory, and attention), which were used as predictors of sentence recognition. Sentence recognition was compared across vocoder conditions, predictors were correlated with individual differences in sentence recognition, and the relationships between predictors were characterized.Results: PRESTO sentence recognition performance declined with a decreasing number of vocoder channels, with no evident floor or ceiling performance in any condition. Individual ability to recognize PRESTO sentences was consistent relative to the group across vocoder conditions. Short-term memory, as measured with serial recall, was a moderate predictor of sentence recognition (ρ = 0.65). Serial recall performance was constant across vocoder conditions when measured with a digit span task. Fluid intelligence was marginally correlated with serial recall, but not sentence recognition. Attentional measures had no discernible relationship to sentence recognition and a marginal relationship with serial recall.Conclusions: Verbal serial recall is a substantial predictor of vocoded sentence recognition, and this predictive relationship is independent of spectral resolution. In populations that show variable speech recognition outcomes, such as listeners with cochlear implants, it should be possible to account for the independent effects of spectral resolution and verbal serial recall in their speech recognition ability.
Supplemental Material S1. A complete set of words and word lists.
Bosen, A. K., & Barry, M. F. (2020). Serial recall predicts vocoded sentence recognition across spectral resolutions. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00319
High impact of spin-nematic order on the lattice domains in thin films of iron-based superconductors
Creators: name: Cano, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-nematic scenario proposed for the structural instability of iron-based superconductors is studied theoretically within a Ginzburg-Landau approach in epitaxial thin films. The transition temperature and the domains that appear due the interface with the substrate are computed analytically by following a variatonal procedure. It is predicted a cross-over thickness $l_*$ that separates the Kittel regime, in which the size of the domains goes as the square root of the film thickness $l$, from a new ultrathin regime in which the system tends to reach the single-domain state as $l \to 0$. The experimental observation of this cross-over is therefore proposed as a direct probe of spin nematiciy.
description: 4 pages, 3 figs
Additional file 5 of Urogenital Microbiota:Potentially Important Determinant of PD-L1 Expression in Male Patients with Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Creators: name: Chen, Chunxiao
name: Huang, Zehai
name: Huang, Pengcheng
name: Li, Kun
name: Zeng, Jiarong
name: Wen, Yuehui
name: Li, Biao
name: Zhao, Jie
name: Wu, Peng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5: Figure S3. Specific taxa associated with different PD-L1 expression levels. Association of specific microbial taxa with higher PD-L1 expression (group F, PD-L1≥5%) and lower PD-L1 expression (group O, 1%≤PD-L1<5%) is exhibited by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe).Green indicates taxa enriched in group O and red indicates taxa enriched in group F.
Probing new physics at the LHC with $\mathrm{b}τν$ final states
Creators: name: Flórez, Andrés
name: Álvarez, José D. Ruiz
name: Garces, Tomas Atehortua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $R_{D^{(\ast)}}$ anomaly is one of the most intriguing experimental results in particle physics today. Experiments such as BaBar, Belle and LHCb have measured a consistent tension with the standard model (SM). We study several extensions of the SM that could potentially explain this tension, such as production of heavy $\mathrm{W}^{\prime}$ bosons, under the sequential SM scenario, leptoquarks with preferential couplings to third generation fermions, and interpretations through effective field theories. Such models, are not only able to explain the $R_{D^{(\ast)}}$ anomaly but also to produce distinctive signatures at the LHC. We present different feasibility studies to probe each of these scenarios at the LHC, considering final states with one $\mathrm{b}$-quark candidate, one hadronically decaying tau lepton ($τ_{h}$) and missing transverse momentum ($p^{miss}_{\mathrm{T}}$). The selection criteria has been optimized for each model to achieve best signal signficance. The studies are performed considering different LHC running conditions, at $\sqrt{s} = 13 \, \mathrm{TeV}$ and 13.6 $\mathrm{TeV}$, and different luminosities (150~$\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ and 3000~$\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$).
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Genetic predisposition to adverse events in Chinese children aged 3-24 months after diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis and haemophilus influenzae type b combined vaccination
Creators: name: Ma, Yujia
name: Sun, Yexiang
name: Shen, Peng
name: Xu, Yuyang
name: Zhao, Chunyan
name: Liu, Changfei
name: Zhou, Zechen
name: Li, Xiaoyi
name: Yan, Zeyu
name: Ding, Kexin
name: Xiao, Han
name: Chen, Dafang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Post-vaccination safety is a major public health concern. The genetic predisposition on immune response has not been clearly identified. Clarifying whether individual genetic predisposition plays a role on adverse events (AEs) is critical for the prevention of AEs. From July 2019 to June 2020, we performed a case-control study among children aged 3–24 months in seven Chinese provinces. Each child received a combination vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-Hib). Through daily telephone follow-up, we collected AEs within seven days. Oral swab samples were collected to investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the risk of AEs. 304 participants were included in the study. In univariate analysis, we discovered three protective SNPs (rs452204, OR = 0.67, P = 0.0352; rs9282763 and rs839, OR = 0.64, P = 0.0256) and one risk SNP (rs9610, OR = 2.20, P = 0.0397). In multivariate analysis, the effects of rs452204 and rs839 were found to be stable. The interaction between rs452204 and rs9610 was observed (OR = 7.25, 95% CI: 1.44–36.58, P = 0.0165). Genetic predisposition was associated with the risk of AEs after DTaP-Hib vaccination, emphasizing the potential application in the prevention of AEs.
Influence of direct motor-motor interaction in models for cargo transport by a single team of motors
Creators: name: Bouzat, Sebastian
name: Falo, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We analyze theoretically the effects of excluded-volume interactions between motors on the dynamics of a cargo driven by multiple motors. The model considered shares many commons with other recently proposed in the literature, with the addition of direct interaction between motors and motor back steps. The cargo is assumed to follow a continuum Langevin dynamics, while individual motors evolve following a Monte Carlo algorithm based on experimentally accessible probabilities for discrete forward and backward jumps, and attachment and detachment rates. The links between cargo and motors are considered as non linear springs. By means of numerical simulations we compute the relevant quantities characterizing the dynamical properties of the system, and we compare the results to those for non interacting motors. We find that interactions lead to quite relevant changes in the force-velocity relation for cargo, with a considerable reduction of the stall force, and cause also a notable decrease of the run length. These effects are mainly due to traffic-like phenomena in the microtubule. The consideration of several parallel tracks for motors reduces such effects. However, we find that for realistic values of the number of motors and the number of tracks, the influence of interactions on the global parameters of transport of cargo are far from being negligible. Our studies provide also an analysis of the relevance of motor back steps on the modeling, and of the influence of different assumptions for the detachment rates. In particular, we discuss these two aspects in connection with the possibility of observing processive back motion of cargo at large load forces.
description: 33 pages, 14 figures
Bounding the Rate Region of Vector Gaussian Multiple Descriptions with Individual and Central Receivers
Creators: name: Zhang, Guoqiang
name: Kleijn, W. Bastiaan
name: Østergaard, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, the rate region of the vector Gaussian multiple description problem with individual and central quadratic distortion constraints is studied. In particular, an outer bound to the rate region of the L-description problem is derived. The bound is obtained by lower bounding a weighted sum rate for each supporting hyperplane of the rate region. The key idea is to introduce at most L-1 auxiliary random variables and further impose upon the variables a Markov structure according to the ordering of the description weights. This makes it possible to greatly simplify the derivation of the outer bound. In the scalar Gaussian case, the complete rate region is fully characterized by showing that the outer bound is tight. In this case, the optimal weighted sum rate for each supporting hyperplane is obtained by solving a single maximization problem. This contrasts with existing results, which require solving a min-max optimization problem.
description: 34 pages, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
The effects of sleep deprivation on 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor expression in the hippocampus
Creators: name: Suen, Yat Him Vincent
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Sleep deprivation (SD) is becoming increasingly prevalent in our busy society. Teenagers, shift workers, and hard working professionals, among others, are all victims of this epidemic. The consequences of SD are dire. In the short term, they include cognitive deficits, impaired memory consolidation, experiencing negative mood states, and loss of homeostatic control. In a chronic context, SD is often associated with severe psychiatric disorders such as depression, psychosis and anxiety. Recent studies have found that the expression and heterodimerization of metabotropic glutamate receptors 1α (mGluR1α) and γ-aminobutyric acid B receptors (GABABR) were altered in the rat hippocampus following 12 hours of SD. Whether SD induces similar changes in other G protein-coupled receptors is unknown. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) regulates sleep, emotion, mood, and memory. Its receptors, particularly 5-HT₁A and 5-HT₂A, have been linked to multiple psychiatric disorders, as commonly used antidepressants, antipsychotics and anxiolytics theoretically exert their actions through these receptors. In this study, western blot and peroxidise immunohistochemistry revealed that 5-HT₁A expression was increased in rat hippocampus following 12 hours of SD, specifically in the CA1 pyramidal layer. This up-regulation persisted despite 24 hours of recovery sleep, and recovered partially after 48 hours. 5-HT₂A expression in whole hippocampal lysate was detected to be unchanged by western blot following 12 hours of SD, but immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression in the CA1 pyramidal layer, suggesting that 5-HT₂A may be down-regulated in other regions of the hippocampus. Increased 5-HT₂A expression in the CA1 pyramidal layer recovered back to control levels within 24 hours of recovery. The action of the agonist 5-HT on the field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) of CA1 neurons was also investigated in hippocampal slices. 5-HT dose-dependently suppressed fEPSPs – an effect which was enhanced by 12 hours of SD, but the enhancement was reverted within 24 hours of sleep recovery. Heterodimerization between either 5-HT₁A or 5-HT₂A and either of mGluR1α, GABABR1 or GABABR2 was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation, but no evidence of heterodimers was found. These results suggest increased 5-HT transmission in the hippocampus following SD, which could potentially lead to the development of psychiatric disorders and has consequences for drug dosing.
An RPC-PET brain scanner demonstrator: first results
Creators: name: Fonte, Paulo
name: Lopes, Luís
name: Alves, Rui
name: Carolino, Nuno
name: Crespo, Paulo
name: Couceiro, Miguel
name: Cunha, Orlando
name: Dias, Nuno
name: Ferreira, Nuno C.
name: Fetal, Susete
name: Lopes, Ana L.
name: Michel, Jan
name: Moreira, Jorge
name: Pereira, Américo
name: Saraiva, João
name: Silva, Carlos
name: Silva, Magda
name: Traxler, Michael
name: Abrunhosa, Antero
name: Blanco, Alberto
name: Castelo-Branco, Miguel
name: Pimenta, Mário
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present first results from a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanner demonstrator based on Resistive Plate Chambers and specialized for brain imaging. The device features a 30 cm wide cubic field-of-view and each detector comprises 40 gas gaps with 3D location of the interaction point of the photon. Besides other imagery, we show that the reconstructed image resolution, as evaluated by a hot-rod phantom, is sub-millimetric, which is beyond the state-of-the-art of the standard PET technology for this application.
Measure Theory in Noncommutative Spaces
Creators: name: Lord, Steven
name: Sukochev, Fedor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The integral in noncommutative geometry (NCG) involves a non-standard trace called a Dixmier trace. The geometric origins of this integral are well known. From a measure-theoretic view, however, the formulation contains several difficulties. We review results concerning the technical features of the integral in NCG and some outstanding problems in this area. The review is aimed for the general user of NCG.
Factors affecting survival in intestinal failure and novel therapeutic avenues
Creators: name: Oke, Siddhartha
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: As a national referral centre, the Intestinal Failure Unit at St Mark’s cares for the largest cohort of patient with Type 3 IF in the UK and possibly in Europe. A large database incorporating all patients has developed over time. The aims of this research were to analyse factors affecting survival in patients with intestinal failure and evaluate possible novel therapeutic avenues. In order to address this broad question, four retrospective studies were undertaken. The first looked at changes in underlying aetiology leading to intestinal failure and assessed in particular whether the pathophysiological mechanism of intestinal failure was a predictor of survival. While the effect of the pathophysiological mechanism on survival has been described in the literature previously [1][2], it has not covered the number of patients or study period of my study. In addition, it is the first time the exact mechanistic categories as defined by the ESPEN consensus document have been used as a predictor of survival. The second study looked at the effect on survival and parenteral support requirements of restoration of intestinal continuity surgery. The third study looked at the effect of fungal catheter related blood stream infections on survival in patients with intestinal failure. The fourth study looked at the effect of CT defined sarcopenia on survival in intestinal failure. The functionality of healthy small intestinal tissue is reliant on the coordination of multicellular processes, which in turn depend upon complex intracellular signalling. This signalling is mediated by a host of growth factors and cytokines. There is now evidence to suggest the therapeutic manipulation of these factors can restore functionality of intestinal tissue. An example of this is the GLP-2 which has been shown to cause mucosal proliferation and this increase functional surface area of the bowel and improve intestinal absorption. This has led to the development of analogues which have now been licenced for use in short bowel. To evaluate the effect of this I undertook an in-vitro study developing a protocol for culture and maturation of porcine intestinal organoid units and assessing the effect of two growth factors, the glucagon like peptides GLP-1 and GLP-2. My final chapter describes the successful set up and protocol for a phase 2b clinical trial of the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide on patients with intestinal failure and our difficulties recruiting to this trial with the eventual closure of the trial due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
A telecom O-band emitter in diamond
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Sounak
name: Zhang, Zi-Huai
name: Oblinsky, Daniel G.
name: de Vries, Mitchell O.
name: Johnson, Brett C.
name: Gibson, Brant C.
name: Mayes, Edwin L. H.
name: Edmonds, Andrew M.
name: Palmer, Nicola
name: Markham, Matthew L.
name: Gali, Ádám
name: Thiering, Gergő
name: Dalis, Adam
name: Dumm, Timothy
name: Scholes, Gregory D.
name: Stacey, Alastair
name: Reineck, Philipp
name: de Leon, Nathalie P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Color centers in diamond are promising platforms for quantum technologies. Most color centers in diamond discovered thus far emit in the visible or near-infrared wavelength range, which are incompatible with long-distance fiber communication and unfavorable for imaging in biological tissues. Here, we report the experimental observation of a new color center that emits in the telecom O-band, which we observe in silicon-doped bulk single crystal diamonds and microdiamonds. Combining absorption and photoluminescence measurements, we identify a zero-phonon line at 1221 nm and phonon replicas separated by 42 meV. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we measure an excited state lifetime of around 270 ps and observe a long-lived baseline that may arise from intersystem crossing to another spin manifold.
Facilitating Opinion Diversity through Hybrid NLP Approaches
Creators: name: van der Meer, Michiel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern democracies face a critical issue of declining citizen participation in decision-making. Online discussion forums are an important avenue for enhancing citizen participation. This thesis proposal 1) identifies the challenges involved in facilitating large-scale online discussions with Natural Language Processing (NLP), 2) suggests solutions to these challenges by incorporating hybrid human-AI technologies, and 3) investigates what these technologies can reveal about individual perspectives in online discussions. We propose a three-layered hierarchy for representing perspectives that can be obtained by a mixture of human intelligence and large language models. We illustrate how these representations can draw insights into the diversity of perspectives and allow us to investigate interactions in online discussions.
description: Accepted at NAACL 2024, Student Research Workshop
Unveiling the effects of multiple soft partonic interactions in pp collisions at $\sqrt{\textit s}=13.6$ TeV using charged-particle flattenicity
Creators: name: Ortiz, Antonio
name: Khuntia, Arvind
name: Vázquez-Rueda, Omar
name: Tripathy, Sushanta
name: Bencedi, Gyula
name: Prasad, Suraj
name: Fan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Event classifiers based either on the charged-particle multiplicity or the event shape have been extensively used in proton-proton (pp) collisions by the ALICE collaboration at the LHC. The use of these tools became very instrumental since the observation of fluid-like behavior in high-multiplicity pp collisions. In particular, the study as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity registered in the forward V0 ALICE detector allowed for the discovery of strangeness enhancement in high-multiplicity pp collisions. However, one drawback of the multiplicity-based event classifiers is that requiring a high charged-particle multiplicity biases the sample towards hard processes like multi-jet final states. These biases make it difficult to perform jet-quenching searches in high-multiplicity pp collisions. In this context, the present paper explores the use of the new event classifier, flattenicity; which uses the multiplicity calculated in the forward pseudorapidity region. To illustrate how this tool works, pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13.6$ TeV simulated with PYTHIA~8 are explored. The sensitivity of flattencity to multi-partonic interactions as well as to the ``hardness'' of the collision are discussed. PYTHIA 8 predictions for the transverse momentum spectra of light- and heavy-flavored hadrons as a function of flattenicity are presented.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 3 of Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Zhao, Ziyi
name: Zheng, Leilei
name: Huang, Xiaoya
name: Li, Caiyu
name: Liu, Jing
name: Hu, Yun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 3: Study selection flow diagram (PRISMA).
Cable-driven parallel robot for transoral laser phonosurgery
Creators: name: Zhao, Ming
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Transoral laser phonosurgery (TLP) is a common surgical procedure in otolaryngology. Currently, two techniques are commonly used: free beam and fibre delivery. For free beam delivery, in combination with laser scanning techniques, accurate laser pattern scanning can be achieved. However, a line-of-sight to the target is required. A suspension laryngoscope is adopted to create a straight working channel for the scanning laser beam, which could introduce lesions to the patient, and the manipulability and ergonomics are poor. For the fibre delivery approach, a flexible fibre is used to transmit the laser beam, and the distal tip of the laser fibre can be manipulated by a flexible robotic tool. The issues related to the limitation of the line-of-sight can be avoided. However, the laser scanning function is currently lost in this approach, and the performance is inferior to that of the laser scanning technique in the free beam approach. A novel cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR), LaryngoTORS, has been developed for TLP. By using a curved laryngeal blade, a straight suspension laryngoscope will not be necessary to use, which is expected to be less traumatic to the patient. Semi-autonomous free path scanning can be executed, and high precision and high repeatability of the free path can be achieved. The performance has been verified in various bench and ex vivo tests. The technical feasibility of the LaryngoTORS robot for TLP was considered and evaluated in this thesis. The LaryngoTORS robot has demonstrated the potential to offer an acceptable and feasible solution to be used in real-world clinical applications of TLP. Furthermore, the LaryngoTORS robot can combine with fibre-based optical biopsy techniques. Experiments of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) and hyperspectral fibre-optic sensing were performed. The LaryngoTORS robot demonstrates the potential to be utilised to apply the fibre-based optical biopsy of the larynx.
Anomalous-Nernst and anisotropic magnetoresistive heating in a lateral spin valve
Creators: name: Slachter, A.
name: Bakker, F. L.
name: van Wees, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the anomalous-Nernst effect and anisotropic magnetoresistive heating in a lateral multiterminal Permalloy/Copper spin valve using all-electrical lock-in measurements. To interpret the results, a three-dimensional thermoelectric finite-element-model is developed. Using this model, we extract the heat profile which we use to determine the anomalous Nernst coefficient of Permalloy Rn=0.13 and also determine the maximum angle of theta=8 degrees of the magnetization prior to the switching process when an opposing non-collinear 10$^{\circ}$ magnetic field is applied.
Emergence of universal scaling in isotropic turbulence
Creators: name: Khurshid, Sualeh
name: Donzis, Diego
name: Sreenivasan, Katepalli R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Universal properties of turbulence have been associated traditionally with very high Reynolds numbers, but recent work has shown that the onset of the power-laws in derivative statistics occurs at modest microscale Reynolds numbers of the order of 10, with the corresponding exponents being consistent with those for the inertial range structure functions at very high Reynolds numbers. In this paper we use well-resolved direct numerical simulations of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence to establish this result for a range of initial conditions with different forcing mechanisms. We also show that the moments of transverse velocity gradients possess larger scaling exponents than those of the longitudinal moments, confirming past results that the former are more intermittent than the latter.
Frequency multiplexing of heralded single photon sources
Creators: name: Parker, Thomas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: The deterministic generation of a single excitation of the electromagnetic field in a predefined spectral, spatial and polarisation mode is a long running scientific and technical challenge. Such single-photon sources exhibit properties that cannot be described using classical physics, and have a number of potential applications in sensing and metrology, communications, quantum computing and fundamental tests of quantum science. Heralded photon sources, based on non-linear optical processes such as spontaneous parametric down conversion, are a common method for generating single photons. Heralded sources have a significant shortcoming: single photons are delivered by the source in only a small fraction of attempts (typically around 1\%). Over the past 20 years, source multiplexing is a technique that has arisen to combat this problem. In source multiplexing, the output from multiple sources is routed through a switch network to increase the photon delivery probability in a predefined mode. Despite significant progress, there are a number of outstanding challenges faced by source multiplexing. Optical losses, especially the losses of individual switches in optical switching networks, severely limits performance. Many multiplexing schemes also require large, and possibly ultimately infeasible, numbers of components. In this thesis, we attempt to more fully understand the potential of source multiplexing. There are a number of different architectures for source multiplexing, each with different photon statistics and component scaling. We investigate the performance of each technique and outline the device requirements needed for high performance sources. Of all the available architectures, multiplexing in frequency (as opposed to independent spatial sources or over multiple time bins) has a number of advantages. Non-linear processes can be engineered so that hundreds of frequency modes are readily available and multiplexing can be achieved without detrimental loss and component scaling. We demonstrate and full characterise a frequency multiplexed single-photon source.
On the partition function of the $Sp(2n)$ integrable vertex model
Creators: name: Ribeiro, G. A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the partition function per site of the integrable $Sp(2n)$ vertex model on the square lattice. We establish a set of transfer matrix fusion relations for this model. The solution of these functional relations in the thermodynamic limit allows us to compute the partition function per site of the fundamental $Sp(2n)$ representation of the vertex model. In addition, we also obtain the partition function of vertex models mixing the fundamental with other representations.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2208.08973
A remark on the definitions of viscosity solutions for the integro-differential equations with L{é}vy operators
Creators: name: Arisawa, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The equivalence of three different definitions of viscosity solutions for the integro-differential equation with the L{é}vy operator is shown in this paper. The key is Lemma 2.1, in which we construct a sequence of the approximating test functions.
Targeted lung denervation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Pulmonary vagal denervation by radiofrequency ablation and its effects on the bronchial epithelial transcriptome
Creators: name: Srikanthan, Karthikan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Introduction: Targeted lung denervation (TLD) is a novel bronchoscopic treatment for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Increased parasympathetic drive causes inappropriate bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion in COPD. TLD involves the ablation of the pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve using radiofrequency energy, thereby reducing the release of neuronal acetylcholine (the principle parasympathetic neurotransmitter). The aim of this work is to further evaluate the mechanisms of TLD through analysis of its effects on airway epithelial gene expression. Methods: This thesis includes data from 17 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD treated with TLD across three different multi-centre trials at the Royal Brompton Hospital: AIRFLOW 1 (n=5), AIRFLOW 2 (n=9) and AIRFLOW 3 (n=3). AIRFLOW-2 included a randomised, sham-controlled trial (TLD = 6, SHAM = 6), in which bronchial brush samples were taken for the primary analysis for this thesis: whole-genome RNA sequencing and transcriptomic pathway analysis. Secondary outcomes included measures of health-related quality-of-life, lung function, exercise capacity and airways inflammation. Results: Only 16 genes were found to be differentially expressed after TLD, and no relevant mechanistic interpretation could be derived from these. However, the pathway analyses (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Overrepresentation Analysis) showed significant upregulation of gene sets related to the immune system in the TLD group. Upregulated pathways featured the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, as well as interferons, which are important mediators in the immune response to viruses. No significant changes were seen in the secondary outcomes. Conclusion: This thesis has demonstrated a potential anti-inflammatory and/or anti-viral effect of TLD in COPD. The full AIRFLOW-2 trial showed a protective effect of TLD against COPD exacerbations, and these results are suggestive of a possible immunological mechanism which has not been demonstrated to date. Changes in anti-inflammatory airway cytokines and interferons should be included in the mechanistic hypotheses for future TLD trials.
Modulated superconductivity due to vacancy and magnetic order in $A_x$Fe$_{2-x/2}$Se$_2$ [$A=$Cs, K, (Tl,Rb), (Tl,K)] iron-selenide superconductors
Creators: name: Das, Tanmoy
name: Balatsky, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of a 'modulated' superconducting state in iron-selenide superconductors. The zero-momentum $d-$wave pairing breaks the translational symmetry of the conventional BaFe$_2$Se$_2$-like crystal of $I4/mmm$ space group. This pairing state becomes compatible when the Fe vacancies form an ordered state and the crystal symmetry changes to a low-temperature $I4/m$ one. For the specific case of an incommensurate vacancy order at $Q_v=(1/5, 3/5)$ in K$_{0.82(2)}$Fe$_{1.626(3)}$Se$_2$, we find that it induces a block checkerboard antiferromagnetic phase at wavevector ${\bf Q}_m=4{\bf Q}_v$. The coexistence of vacancy order and magnetic order leads to a reconstructed ground state which naturally couples to the $d-$wave superconductivity in a uniform phase in what we propose will be a general coupling for all iron-selenide superconductors. Our results agree with numerous experimental data available to date. We thus suggest that the incommensurability leads to uniform coexistence of multiple phases as a viable alternative to a nanoscale phase separation in high-$T_c$ superconductors and play an important role in the enhancement of superconductivity.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, a key reference of this paper is arXiv:1101.6056v2
On the Interpretation of the l-v Features in the Milky Way Galaxy
Creators: name: Baba, Junichi
name: Saitoh, Takayuki R.
name: Wada, Keiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the gas dynamics of barred galaxies using a three-dimensional, high-resolution, $N$-body+hydrodynamical simulation and apply it to the Milky Way in an attempt to reproduce both the large-scale structure and the clumpy morphology observed in Galactic H\emissiontype{I} and CO $l-v$ diagrams. Owing to including the multi-phase interstellar medium, self-gravity, star-formation and supernovae feedback, the clumpy morphology, as well as the large-scale features, in observed $l-v$ diagrams are naturally reproduced. We identify in our $l-v$ diagrams with a number of not only large-scale peculiar features such as the '3-kpc arm', '135-km s$^{-1}$ arm' and 'Connecting arm' but also clumpy features such as `Bania clumps', and then link these features in a face-on view of our model. We give suggestions on the real structure of the Milky Way and on the fate of gas clumps in the central region.
description: accepted to PASJ
$p$-adic Beilinson conjecture for ordinary Hecke motives associated to imaginary quadratic fields
Creators: name: Bannai, Kenichi
name: Kings, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the series of papers [BK1], [BK2] concerning the $p$-adic Beilinson conjecture of motives associated to Hecke characters of an imaginary quadratic field $K$, for a prime $p$ which splits in $K$.
Automatic sleep arousal detection based on C-ELM and MRMR feature selection
Creators: name: Liang, Yuemeng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Sleep arousals are sudden awakenings from sleep which can be identified as an abrupt shift in EEG frequency and can be manually scored from various physiological signals by sleep experts. Frequent sleep arousals can degrade sleep quality, result in sleep fragmentation and lead to daytime sleepiness. Visual inspection of arousal events from PSG recordings is cumbersome, and manual scoring results can vary widely among different expert scorers. The main goal of this project is to design and evaluate the performance of an effective and efficient algorithm to automatically detect sleep arousals using a single channel EEG. In the first part of the thesis, a detection model based on a Curious Extreme Learning Machine (C-ELM) using a set of 22 features is proposed. The performance was evaluated using the term Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve (AUC) and the Accuracy (ACC). The proposed C-ELM based model achieved an average AUC and ACC of 0.85 and 0.79 respectively. In comparison, the average AUC and ACC of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based model were 0.69 and 0.67 respectively. This indicates that the proposed C-ELM based model works well for the sleep arousal detection problem. In the second part of the thesis, an improved detection model is proposed by adding a Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) feature selection into the C-ELM based model proposed in the first part. The efficiency of the model is improved by reducing dimensionality (reducing the number of features) of the dataset while the performance is largely unaffected. The achieved average AUC and ACC were 0.85 and 0.80 when a reduced set of 6 features were used, while the AUC and ACC were 0.86 and 0.79 for a full set of 22 features. The result indicates MRMR feature selection step is important for sleep arousal detection. By using the improved sleep arousal detection model, the system runs faster and achieves a good performance for the dataset utilized in our study.
Kernels of representations and coideal subalgebras of Hopf algebras
Creators: name: Burciu, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W30

description: We define left and right kernels of representations of Hopf algebras. In the case of group algebras, left and right kernels coincide and they are the usual kernels of modules. In the general case we show that these kernels coincide with the categorical left and right Hopf kernels of morphisms of Hopf algebras defined in \cite{AD}. Brauer's theorem for kernels over group algebras is generalized to Hopf algebras.
description: 16 pages, submitted
A mixed element scheme of Helmholtz transmission eigenvalue problem for anisotropic media
Creators: name: Liu, Qing
name: Li, Tiexiang
name: Zhang, Shuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the Helmholtz transmission eigenvalue problem for inhomogeneous anisotropic media with the index of refraction $n(x)\equiv 1$ in two and three dimension. Starting with a nonlinear fourth order formulation established by Cakoni, Colton and Haddar [2009], by introducing some auxiliary variables, we present an equivalent mixed formulation for this problem, followed up with the finite element discretization. Using the proposed scheme, we rigorously show that the optimal convergence rate for the transmission eigenvalues both on convex and nonconvex domains can be expected. Moreover, by this scheme, we will obtain a sparse generalized eigenvalue problem whose size is so demanding even with a coarse mesh that its smallest few real eigenvalues fail to be solved by the shift and invert method. We partially overcome this critical issue by deflating the almost all of the $\infty$ eigenvalue of huge multiplicity, resulting in a drastic reduction of the matrix size without deteriorating the sparsity. Extensive numerical examples are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme.