cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supernovae and their host galaxies. I. The SDSS DR8 database and statistics
Creators: name: Hakobyan, A. A.
name: Adibekyan, V. Zh.
name: Aramyan, L. S.
name: Petrosian, A. R.
name: Gomes, J. M.
name: Mamon, G. A.
name: Kunth, D.
name: Turatto, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) In this first paper of a series, we report the creation of large and well-defined database that combines extensive new measurements and a literature search of 3876 supernovae (SNe) and their 3679 host galaxies located in the sky area covered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 8 (DR8). This database should be much larger than previous ones, and should contain a homogenous set of global parameters of SN hosts, including morphological classifications and measures of nuclear activity. The measurements of apparent magnitudes, diameters (D25), axial ratios (b/a), and position angles (PA) of SN host galaxies were made using the images extracted from the SDSS g-band. For each host galaxy, we analyzed RGB images of the SDSS to accurately measure the position of its nucleus to provide the SDSS name. With these images, we also provide the host galaxy's morphological type, and note if it has a bar, a disturbed disk, and whether it is part of an interacting or merging system. In addition, the SDSS nuclear spectra were analyzed to diagnose the central power source of the galaxies. Special attention was paid to collect accurate data on the spectroscopic classes, coordinates, offsets of SNe, and heliocentric redshifts of the host galaxies. The creation of this large database will help to better understand how the different types of SNe are correlated with the properties of the nuclei and global physical parameters of the host galaxies, and minimize possible selection effects and errors that often arise when data are selected from different sources and catalogs.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures, 7 tables
Counseling on injectable contraception and HIV risk: Evaluation of a pilot intervention in Tanzania
Creators: name: Kamanyi, Egidius
name: Kwesigabo, Gideon
name: Mason, Jennifer
name: Barden-O’Fallon, Janine
name: Tluway, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Year: 2020

description:
In a context of high rates of HIV prevalence, concerns over hormonal contraceptive use and the potential for increased risk of HIV acquisition have led to increased attention to counseling messages, particularly for users of the injectable. However, the consequence of adding additional HIV risk messages to family planning counseling sessions was not well understood. This evaluation assessed the effect of providing revised injectable and HIV risk counseling messages on contraceptive knowledge and behavior during a three month pilot intervention. The pilot intervention was conducted September-November 2018 with all eligible family planning clients in ten healthcare facilities located in the Iringa and Njombe regions of Tanzania. Data collection for the evaluation occurred November-December 2018 and included 471 client exit interviews, 26 healthcare provider interviews, and the extraction of service statistics for 12 months prior to the intervention and three months of the intervention. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to assess quantitative interview data. Thematic qualitative assessment was used to assess qualitative interview data from healthcare providers. Interrupted time series analysis was used to assess changes in the trend of contraceptive uptake. Results indicate that the counseling messages did not cause a decrease in the uptake of injectables (Depo-Provera): 97 percent of interviewed clients received Depo-Provera at their visit; sixty percent reported an intention to use condoms for dual protection. The analysis of service statistics showed no statistical difference in the trend of Depo-Provera uptake between the pre-intervention and intervention periods (p = 0.116). Overall knowledge of counseling messages by clients was good; however only 64.8% of women correctly responded that women at risk of getting HIV can use any method of family planning. Providers' knowledge of the messages was high, though it appears that not all messages were consistently provided during the counseling sessions. The findings from this evaluation provide evidence that complex HIV counseling messages can be implemented in family planning programs in Tanzania, and potentially in other countries that are considering how to better integrate HIV risk messages into family planning counseling.
Antitrust policy and Japan's international steel trade
Creators: name: Tilton, Mark
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: How much has competition among Japanese firms changed? Have the tougher penalties provided under the Antimonopoly Law in 1992 pushed Japanese firms to compete more? A basic assumption behind our understanding of market systems is that firms compete over price to attract customers, spurring them to lower productions costs, improve productivity, and provide greater benefits to society. Assumptions about price competition also underlie international trade agreements. Parties to such agreements presume that if governments lower their barriers to trade, that the intrinsic competitiveness of markets will mean that price-competitive foreign firms will be able to sell their goods.
Canonical gravity in two time and two space dimensions
Creators: name: Nieto, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a program for developing a canonical gravity in 2+2 dimensions (two time and two space dimensions). Our procedure is similar to the usual canonical gravity but with two times rather than just one time. Our work may be of particular interest as an alternative approach to loop quantum gravity in 2+2 dimensions.
description: 13 pages, Latex, improved version
Predicting void ratio for surface paste tailings deposited in thin layers
Creators: name: Salfate, Eduardo Raul
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Surface thin layer deposition of paste tailings has become an increasingly popular method of disposal. One of the reasons for its popularity is the advantages associated with the faster increase in strength and density after placement as a result of enhanced evaporation and drainage. This makes thin layer deposition particularly attractive in dry climates with high evaporation rates. Understanding how density evolves with time is an extremely relevant problem during design stages as both the overall capacity of the tailings impoundment and its stability with time depend on this parameter. Since tailings density is not readily available at early stages of planning, predictive tools are required to estimate it. Density is primarily gained through four different processes; sedimentation-self weight consolidation, drainage, evaporation and consolidation. Although consolidation will likely be the main contributor to the final density of the impoundment, the other three processes are important as the consolidation behaviour of hard rock paste tailings has been observed to depend on the initial density or state achieved during early stages of densification. The primary objective of this thesis is to provide an overview of the processes affecting the early stages of densification and to propose an approach for predicting this parameter. Laboratory testing presented as part of this work is primarily focused on determining the variables affecting the sedimentation-self weight consolidation process whereas the numerical work is focused on targeting some of the issues related to drainage and evaporation. The approach described herein has combined measured data obtained in the lab with results generated by numerical modeling to provide with density estimates as a function of time. Another important goal of this thesis is to give general guidelines for proper material characterization, which is required to overcome some of the difficulties encountered when evaluating the properties of slurries prone to large volume changes. Focus has been given to outline a method to determine hydraulic conductivity functions and soil water characteristic curves (SWCC) that account for both changes in suction and volume.
XMM-Newton observation of PSR B2224+65 and its jet
Creators: name: Hui, C. Y.
name: Huang, R. H. H.
name: Trepl, L.
name: Tetzlaff, N.
name: Takata, J.
name: Wu, E. M. H.
name: Cheng, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the pulsar PSR B2224+65 and its X-ray jet with XMM-Newton. Apart from the long X-ray jet which is almost perpendicular to the direction of proper motion, a putative extended feature at the pulsar position, which oriented in the opposite direction of the proper motion, is also suggested by this deep X-ray imaging. Non-detection of any coherent X-ray pulsation disfavors the magnetospheric origin of the X-rays observed from the position of PSR B2224+65 and hence suggest that the interpretation of pulsar wind nebula is more viable. We have also probed the origin of PSR B2224+65 and identified a runaway star, which possibly originated from the Cygnus OB9 association, as a candidate for the former binary companion of the neutron star's progenitor.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Pathways of Property Transformation: Enterprise Network Careers in Hungary, 1988-2000: Outline of an Analytic Strategy
Creators: name: Stark, David C.
name: Vedres, Balazs
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: History
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This study analyzes the restructuring of a national economy by identifying the career pathways of its enterprises. This analysis is conducted in a setting strategically chosen as a case of rapid and profound economic transformation: the post-socialist Hungarian economy between 1988-2000. The goal of this study is to chart the multiple pathways of property transformation. Property pathways are conceptualized as the patterned sequences of change that firms undergo 1) in the composition of their ownership structure and 2) in their position within network structures of ties to other enterprises. These career pathways are neither unidirectional nor plotted in advance. The landscape and topography of the socioeconomic field are given shape and repeatedly transformed by the interaction of the multiple strategies of firms attempting to survive in the face of variable political, institutional, and market uncertainties. These different types of uncertainties will have different temporalities, and the study explores whether and how they increase or diminish in various periods. The authors develop and test specific hypotheses about how enterprise pathways along the compositional and positional property dimensions are related to the shifting contexts of these types of uncertainty. The core dataset for this study includes the complete ownership histories of approximately 1,800 of the largest enterprises in Hungary for a twelve year period, starting with the collapse of communism in 1989, recording each change in a company's top 25 owners on a monthly basis. Monthly entries for each enterprise also include changes in top management, boards of directors, major lines of product activity, raising or lowering of capital, and location of establishments and branch offices, as well as the dates of founding, mergers, bankruptcy, etc. Data on revenues, number of employees, and operating profit will be compiled from annual balance sheets. These rich data make it possible to map the life cycles of the business groups that are formed by network ties among enterprises, identifying not only when they arise, merge, or dissipate, but also the changing shapes of their network properties. To identify patterns of change, the study draws on sequence analysis, a research tool that makes possible the study of historical processes in an eventful way similar to historiography while retaining social scientific abstraction. Whereas sequence analysis has given us a perspective on careers as historical processes but has not been applied to business organizations, network analysis has been applied to business organizations but has not been done historically. The methodological innovation at the heart of this study is to combine the tools of sequence analysis and network analysis to yield a sequence analysis of changing network positions.
The holographic quantum effective potential at finite temperature and density
Creators: name: Kiritsis, Elias
name: Niarchos, Vasilis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a formalism that allows the computation of the quantum effective potential of a scalar order parameter in a class of holographic theories at finite temperature and charge density. The effective potential is a valuable tool for studying the ground state of the theory, symmetry breaking patterns and phase transitions. We derive general formulae for the effective potential and apply them to determine the phase transition temperature and density in the scaling region.
description: 27 pages
Macroeconomics-for-Growth in Emerging Economies
Creators: name: Ffrench-Davis, Ricardo
name: Tapia, Heriberto
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: In this article we analyze, first, why funds continued to flow towards emerging economies while fundamentals in host countries had been deteriorating before the Asian crisis (a rising external deficit, with a significant liquid component; appreciating exchange rates; low capital formation, particularly in Latin America), and why funding remains dry for long since 1998; the role of the nature of the predominant agents and of a process of flows rather than one shot building of stock of foreign capital are stressed. Then, the analysis focuses on the interrelations of capital flows and fiscal, monetary and exchange-rate policies. Finally, some policy implications are presented for boom-and-bust stages of cycles led by capital flows.
Forecasting House Seats from General Congressional Polls
Creators: name: Bafumi, Joseph
name: Erikson, Robert S.
name: Wlezien, Christopher
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: According to the frequent polling on the generic ballot for Congress, the Democrats hold a large advantage leading up to the vote on November 7. But does this Democratic edge mean that the Democrats will win a majority of House seats? Doubts are often expressed about the accuracy of the generic ballot polls. And even if the polls are correct in indicating a majority of votes going to Democratic candidates, further doubts are expressed about whether the Democrats' vote margin will be sufficient to win the most seats. This paper is intended to provide some guidance for translating the results of generic congressional polls into the election outcome.
title: ДИАГНОСТИКА ПСЕВДОМОНОЗА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ
Creators: name: Скориков, А.В.
name: Кривонос, Р.А.
name: Забашта, Н.Н.
name: Чернов, А.Н.
name: Черных, О.Ю.
name: Мирошниченко, П.В.
name: Данильченко, О.Б.
name: Лисовицкая, Е.П.
name: Пруцаков, С.В.
name: Староселов, М.А.
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ КНЦЗВ
Year: 2023

description: В рекомендациях рассматриваются вопросы диагностики псевдомоноза сельскохозяйственных животных.
Методические рекомендации предназначены для специалистов диагностических лабораторий, научных учреждений и могут быть использованы в учебном процессе при подготовке обучающихся по специальности ветеринария – 36.05.01.
Методические рекомендации рассмотрены и одобрены Ученым советом ФГБНУ «Краснодарский научный центр по зоотехнии и ветеринарии» протокол № 7 от 07.07.2022 года, утверждены ФГБНУ «ВНИИЗЖ» 23.01.2023г. (приложение).
Agenda for Japanese Business in the Global Economy
Creators: name: Yoshida, Susumu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Commerce
International relations

description: This paper explores the agenda for Japanese business in the global economy. Pertinent issues are many, but five important aspects are addressed: 1) cross-cultural communication; 2) the trade imbalance problem; 3) Japan's industrialization process in historical perspective; 4) Japan's wage and employment systems; and 5) the agenda for internationalization of the Japanese chemical industry.
Not attributable to service: first world war veterans' 'second battle' with the Canadian pension system
Creators: name: Clark, Chelsea
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 118-121
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: The focus of this thesis is to provide a greater understanding of First World War veteran re-establishment in Western Canada. By examining the pension files of a sample group of veterans from the 10th Canadian Infantry Battalion (soldiers from Calgary and Winnipeg) the realities of how Board of Pension Commissioners (later the Canadian Pension Commission), Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment and Military Hospital Commission (later the Department of Pensions and National Health) policies affected the post-war lives of veterans will be illuminated. A specific emphasis was placed on the re-establishment efforts of those veterans who suffered from 'shell shock', neurasthenia or any other form of war neurosis. The cases studied will reveal that many veterans suffered from undiagnosed symptoms of psychological trauma and struggled in their re-establishment efforts with little or no support from the government. Those who were diagnosed with a neurosis during the war struggled to prove their symptoms were permanent, and not temporary as pension policy dictated. The mental casualties of war continually appealed pension decisions hoping their symptoms would be ruled attributable to service, while the entitlement of those who suffered from visible or physical wounds were - for the most part - never questioned. Canadian war pension policy promoted 'self-sufficiency' and in theory pensions were only to be awarded when a disability prevented this from actualization. However, the examples of this study will show that the nature of a veteran's disability was what really mattered and as a result mental casualties were left behind by the Canadian pension system.
Japan's Role in a Changing World Economy
Creators: name: Okita, Saburo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Commerce
International relations

description: Asian foreign policy, and particularly Japanese foreign policy, is gradually becoming more proactive. There are four main reasons for this. First, the end of the Cold War has forced countries to shift from their traditional security concerns to an emphasis on economic relations and industrial competitiveness. Second, the end of the Cold War bipolarity has led to greater multi-polarity, and this heightened economic interdependence has resulted in more complex interlinkages of national economic interests. Third, the tremendous economic growth of Asian countries is decreasing the economic frictions with America and Europe. And fourth, the sheer size of the Japanese economy and Japanese assistance programs has forced Japan to become more aware of its role and influence in the world.
Geosynchronous magnetopause crossings: necessary conditions
Creators: name: Suvorova, A.
name: Dmitriev, A.
name: Chao, J. -K.
name: Thomsen, M.
name: Yang, Y. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental data on GOES magnetic measurements and plasma measurements on LANL geosynchronous satellites is used for selection of 169 case events containing 638 geosynchronous magnetopause crossings (GMCs) in 1995 to 2001. We study the necessary conditions for the geosynchronous magnetopause crossings using scatter plot of the GMCs in the coordinate space of Psw versus Bz. In such representation the upstream solar wind conditions demonstrate sharp envelope boundary under which no GMCs are occurred. The boundary has two strait horizontal branches where Bz does not influence on the magnetopause location. The first branch is located in the range of Psw=21 nPa for large positive Bz and is associated with an asymptotic regime of the pressure balance. The second branch asymptotically approaches to the range of Psw=4.8 nPa under very strong negative Bz and it is associated with a regime of the Bz influence saturation. We suggest that the saturation is caused by relatively high contribution of the magnetosphere thermal pressure into the pressure balance on the magnetopause. The intermediate region of the boundary for the moderate negative and small positive IMF Bz can be well approximated by a hyperbolic tangent function. We interpret the envelope boundary as a range of necessary upstream solar wind conditions required for GMC in the point on the magnetopause located mostly close to the Earth ("perigee" point). We obtain that the dipole tilt angle and dawn-dusk asymmetry influence on the "perigee" point location. We find that the aGSM latitude of this point depends linearly on the dipole tilt angle with the slope about -0.5. The aGSM longitude of the "perigee" point decreases with IMF Bz with a rate of about 2 angular minutes per 1 nT. An empirical model predicting the magnetopause crossing of the geosynchronous orbit in the "perigee" point is proposed.
description: Review of the previous results, 68 pages, 16 figures
title: Exploring Social Hierarchy Computationally to Further Our Understanding of Social Organizations Within Their Environments
Creators: name: Rhodes, Stanley L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Hierarchy is ever-present across countless human societies, a seemingly inescapable reality of small organizations and national governments. However, there is a lot about hierarchy we don’t understand, and if we want to make better organizations and better society, it is crucial we learn more about it. This dissertation investigates three questions: 1) “What is hierarchy?” 2) “How is hierarchy useful?” 3) “How does hierarchy vary?” I find that social scientists do not all mean the same thing by hierarchy, even within the same fields; yet, they do consistently write of hierarchy as control (like boss-employee relations), hierarchy as rank (like social class relations), and hierarchy as nested structure (like cities in states), so future scholars can and should be clear in what they mean. Next, I use a computer simulation to show that control hierarchy can be useful in changing environments where workers see local views of change and managers see the big picture—a tension that is unavoidable in such environments. Hierarchy can make this tension useful if and only if the workers have autonomy to weigh the manager’s information about the environment in their decisions; if they must obey the manager no matter what, then they do very poorly in nearly all types of changing environments. Lastly, I use workforce data from US federal agencies to look at organizational structure and control hierarchy in agencies from 2004 to 2021. I find that hierarchy is similar across most agencies, suggesting that overall, hierarchy relates more to scale than function. However, agencies with offices spread across the nation are different from the others, with more and broader management at higher levels. I also find that agencies vary in their organizational structure in other ways, such as the number of distinct occupations they have, and the number of formal rules they must follow, in patterns that are predictable based on their mission statements and agency type; form does follow function. Overall, this dissertation shows that the use of computational techniques in the study of hierarchy can provide great insight, and help us understand organizations more generally.
Transport properties of room temperature ionic liquids from classical molecular dynamics
Creators: name: Andreussi, Oliviero
name: Marzari, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) have attracted much of the attention of the scientific community in the past decade due the their novel and highly customizable properties. Nonetheless their high viscosities pose serious limitations to the use of RTILs in practical applications. To elucidate some of the physical aspects behind transport properties of RTILs, extensive classical molecular dynamics (MD) calculations are reported. Bulk viscosities and ionic conductivities of butyl-methyl-imidazole based RTILs are presented over a wide range of temperatures. The dependence of the properties of the liquids on simulation parameters, e.g. system size effects and choice of the interaction potential, is analyzed.
ΜΝΗΜΟΣΥΝΗ: Nel mezzo del engram
Creators: name: Morris, Amy S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Cognitive psychology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: My project is in the mode of the “humanities,” not the neurosciences; I cannot evade the genre of a first-person account. While my own “attention” is explicitly one subject of this project, another is the concept of attentiveness, a topic—and an issue—of major cultural importance. This project is not about me. (I’ve written that already.) It’s about a perspective on neurological issues that science doesn’t have (and, arguably, wants to avoid), and that certain disciplines of humanities insist on [pre]understanding from afar. In a sense, I am imitating Dante’s rhetorical presentation of his own interior self as a whichever brain, while standing in Augustine’s caves of memory, hearing Virgil’s discourse about Aeneas looking at the images of history on the walls in Carthage. I’m not claiming to be another Dante, but my narrative will witness, while my logic will argue.
Impact of site dilution and agent diffusion on the critical behavior of the majority-vote model
Creators: name: Crokidakis, Nuno
name: de Oliveira, Paulo Murilo Castro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study a modified version of the majority-vote model with noise. In particular, we consider a random diluted square lattice for which a site is empty with a probability $r$. In order to analyze the critical behavior of the model, we perform Monte Carlo simulations on lattices with linear sizes up to L=140. By means of a finite-size scaling analysis we estimate the critical noises $q_{c}$ and the critical ratios $β/ν$, $γ/ν$ and $1/ν$ for some values of the probability $r$.
description: This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to an error in the results. Erratum will be published shortly in Physical Review E
Molecular and atomic line surveys of galaxies II: unbiased estimates of their star formation mode
Creators: name: Papadopoulos, Padelis P.
name: Geach, James E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make use of our 'minimal' cold interstellar medium (ISM) emission line model that predicts the molecular and atomic line emission per unit dense, star-forming gas mass (Geach & Papadopoulos 2012; Paper I) to examine the utility of key line ratios in surveys of the so-called star formation 'mode' as traced by xi_SF = M_dense(H_2)/M_total(H_2). We argue that xi_SF and its proxies provide very sensitive, extinction-free discriminators of rapid starburst/merger-driven versus secular quiescent/disk-like stellar mass assembly, with the most promising diagnostic to be applied in the near-future being CO(4-3)/[CI](1-0). These lines are accessible across nearly the full range 0
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ (v2 contains corrected caption for Figure 1)
Reconstructing Bohr's Reply to EPR in Algebraic Quantum Theory
Creators: name: Ozawa, Masanao
name: Kitajima, Yuichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Halvorson and Clifton have given a mathematical reconstruction of Bohr's reply to Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR), and argued that this reply is dictated by the two requirements of classicality and objectivity for the description of experimental data, by proving consistency between their objectivity requirement and a contextualized version of the EPR reality criterion which had been introduced by Howard in his earlier analysis of Bohr's reply. In the present paper, we generalize the above consistency theorem, with a rather elementary proof, to a general formulation of EPR states applicable to both non-relativistic quantum mechanics and algebraic quantum field theory; and we clarify the elements of reality in EPR states in terms of Bohr's requirements of classicality and objectivity, in a general formulation of algebraic quantum theory.
description: 13 pages, Latex
The Doha Round of Trade Negotiations: An Agenda to Promote Development and Facilitate Adjustment
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Charlton, Andrew H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: The development focus of the Doha Round emerged from a renewed spirit of collective responsibility for the challenges faced by poor countries, and also as a response to the perceived inequities generated by previous rounds of trade negotiations. Unfortunately, in the years since it was launched, the Doha Round has not delivered on its development mandate in several important respects. First, there has been little progress on the issues of interest to developing countries (especially agriculture, labor mobility, and labor-intensive manufactures and services). Second, the new issues on the agenda, the so-called 'Singapore Issues', primarily reflect the interests of the advanced industrial countries and have been strongly opposed by many developing countries. Third, the domestic and bilateral actions of several OECD countries have led to questions about their commitment to the multilateral development agenda. Finally, there has been only limited reform to the culture and procedures of the WTO.
IEAD: A Novel One-Line Interface to Query Astronomical Science Archives
Creators: name: Lombardi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article I present IEAD, a new interface for astronomical science databases. It is based on a powerful, yet simple, syntax designed to completely abstract the user from the structure of the underlying database. The programming language chosen for its implementation, JavaScript, makes it possible to interact directly with the user and to provide real-time information on the parsing process, error messages, and the name resolution of targets; additionally, the same parsing engine is used for context-sensitive autocompletion. Ultimately, this product should significantly simplify the use of astronomical archives, inspire more advanced uses of them, and allow the user to focus on what scientific research to perform, instead of on how to instruct the computer to do it.
description: 13 pages, PASP in press
A perspective on Japanese trade policy and Japan-US trade friction
Creators: name: Flath, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: In spite of Japan's full participation in multilateral tariff reductions, it frequently has been embroiled in contentious trade disputes with the United States. Before 1980, most of the friction was generated by U.S. industries seeking protection from Japanese imports, including textiles, steel, televisions, and automobiles. All of the cases just mentioned, and others, were ultimately settled when the government of Japan agreed to voluntarily restrain exports of the disputed items. By the mid-1980's, a substantial fraction of Japan's exports to the United States were subject to Japanese government restraints. Nevertheless, protectionist pressures in the U.S. seemed to grow rather than dissipate. To counterbalance the protectionist pressure, American politicians and government officials attempted to shift the focus of U.S. trade policy, away from Japanese imports and towards expanded sales of U.S. products to Japan, particularly in closed or regulated markets there. In a succession of bilateral negotiations since 1985, the U.S. government has demanded and obtained, under threats of retaliation, many Japanese concessions benefitting American exporters to Japan. The beneficiaries of this policy include American exporters of semiconductors, beef, oranges, wood products, insurance, telecommunications, auto parts, and other items. Through it all, Japan has only rarely lodged official protests against the trade policies or practices of the U.S.. From the onesidedness of the complaints, one might think that Japan-U.S. trade friction really is about Japan's "unfair" practices and "closed" markets. It is not. It is about how best to deal with, or deflect, the protectionist response in the U.S. to expanded Japanese exports.
title: Subjective Wellbeing of Undergraduate Engineering Students: A Mixed Methods Study
Creators: name: Asghar, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: In higher education, the prevalence of mental health issues among students has raised concerns regarding their overall success and wellbeing. While existing research often focuses on identifying and addressing mental health problems, there is a lack of emphasis on understanding the positive contributors to students' mental health. In this study, I expand the concept of mental health beyond the absence of negative mental health states to include the presence of positive mental health aspects through the concept of Subjective Wellbeing (SWB) (feeling that your life is going well, not badly), of engineering undergraduate participants. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from engineering undergraduate students within the College of Engineering at Utah State in a Concurrent Mixed Methods paradigm through an online survey.
Analysis of the data provided valuable insights into SWB among undergraduate students and the factors perceived to contribute to it. Furthermore, this research offers recommendations aimed at enhancing the collegiate experiences of engineering undergraduates to positively influence their mental health and overall wellbeing. By focusing on the holistic understanding of subjective wellbeing, this study contributes to the broader dialogue on student mental health and the promotion of a thriving academic environment.
A cost-utility analysis of decompressive hemicraniectomy in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery (mca) infarction
Creators: name: Berthiaume, Luc Roger
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 84-92
description: Decompressive hemicraniectomy improves survival in patients with large hemispheric strokes and cerebral edema, but a significant proportion of these survivors have moderate to severe disability. Given that decompressive hemicraniectomy is a very resource intensive therapy, whether it offers good value for money is an important question that has not been addressed previously. Our objective was to determine the costs and benefits of decompressive hemicraniectomy in adults with hemispheric strokes associated with cerebral edema and compare these with medical therapy as an alternative treatment strategy. Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analyses were performed. The performance of decompressive hemicraniectomy in patients with malignant MCA infarction was associated a gain of 2.77 quality adjusted life years (QAL Ys) compared to 0.84 QAL Ys for standard care. The expected cost of a surgical strategy was CAN$ 225 931 compared to CAN$ 101 826 for standard care. The incremental cost per QAL Y gained (ICER) of treating patients with decompressive hemicraniectomy was CAN$ 64 220. When the measure of effectiveness was life years gained, the incremental cost per life year gained was CAN$ 32,180. ii Sensitivity and scenario suggest a likely ICER range of 50,000 to 100,000 dollars per QAL Y gained in appropriately selected patients. Sensitivity analyses suggest that delayed surgery (beyond 48 hours) and surgery performed in older patients could be associated with a much higher ICER. We feel that decompressive hemicraniectomy should be offered to patients with large strokes complicated by cerebral edema as it is a potentially life-saving procedure in a young patient population and it has a similar ICER when compared to therapies that are already funded within the Canadian health care system. Our study results suggest that directing this surgery towards younger patients who can be operated in within 48 hours might optimize use of resources. However, it is associated with an incremental cost and decision makers will need to weight its costs and benefits with other therapies being considered for funding. iii
Japan's capitalism in systemic transformation
Creators: name: Miyoshi, Masaya
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics

description: "What I saw in America was quite different from the Japanese version of capitalism with which I was familiar. Perhaps the most salient feature of the Japanese version was the leadership role played by the government and bureaucracy in nurturing new industries and promoting economic development, a feature which dates back to the Meiji Restoration of 130 years ago. The Japanese bureaucracy is very deeply involved in the process of managing the economy and it would be no exaggeration to state that the responsibility of governing the nation has in effect been delegated to the bureaucracy. Because of these features, late Prof. William Lockwood labeled the Japanese form of capitalism as “sponsored capitalism.” What he meant was that the capitalistic system in Japan rested on the shoulders of the government and the bureaucracy who essentially acted as the sponsors and chaperones of the system."
The Large N Limit of Toric Chern-Simons Matter Theories and Their Duals
Creators: name: Amariti, Antonio
name: Klare, Claudius
name: Siani, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the large N limit of the localized three dimensional free energy of various field theories with known proposed AdS duals. We show that vector-like theories agree with the expected supergravity results, and with the conjectured F-theorem. We also check that the large N free energy is preserved by the three dimensional Seiberg duality for general classes of vector like theories. Then we analyze the behavior of the free energy of chiral-like theories by applying a new proposal. The proposal is based on the restoration of a discrete symmetry on the free energy before the extremization. We apply this procedure at strong coupling in some examples and we discuss the results. We conclude the paper by proposing an alternative geometrical expression for the free energy.
description: 40 pages, 7 figures, using jheppub.sty, references added
The Influence of Women and Racial Minorities Under Panel Decision Making on the U.S. Court of Appeals
Creators: name: Farhang, Sean
name: Wawro, Gregory J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Gender identity
subject: Sex role
subject: Women's studies

description: This paper assesses the impact of gender and race on judicial decisions on the federal Court of Appeals, paying particular attention to the institutional nuances of decision-making on three-judge appellate panels within circuits. Its central question is whether and how racial minority and women judges influence legal policy on issues thought to be of particular concern to women and minorities. Proper analysis of this question requires investigating whether women and minority judges influence the decisions of other panel members. The authors find that the norm of unanimity on panels grants women influence over outcomes even when they are outnumbered on a panel.
Detection of X-Ray Emission from the Unidentified TeV Gamma-Ray Source TeV J2032+4130
Creators: name: Murakami, Hiroshi
name: Kitamoto, Shunji
name: Kawachi, Akiko
name: Nakamori, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed the first unidentified TeV gamma-ray source TeV J2032+4130 with Suzaku. Owing to Suzaku's high sensitivity for detection of diffuse X-ray emission, we found two small structures in the TeV emitting region. One of them is coincident with a gamma-ray pulsar PSR J2032+4127, which was discovered by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. By subtracting contribution of point sources estimated by Chandra data, we obtained diffuse X-ray spectrum. The X-ray spectrum can be reproduced by a power-law model with a photon index of about 2, and an X-ray flux of 2x10^{-13} erg s^-1 cm^-2. The ratio of the gamma-ray flux to the X-ray flux is about 10. If the origin of the TeV gamma-ray is inverse Compton scattering of microwave background by high energy electrons, the ratio corresponds to the magnetic field strength of ~1 microG. However, the smaller size of the X-ray emission than that of the TeV emission suggests that energy loss of the electrons can explain the large ratio of the gamma-ray flux with a reasonable magnetic field strength of a few microG.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, published in PASJ (Suzaku+MAXI Special Issue)
Interaction of electron beams with carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Alam, Md. Kawsar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Carbon nanotubes have great potential for nanoscale devices. Previous studies have shown the prospects of carbon nanotubes as stable, low-voltage electron emitters for vacuum electronic applications. Yet, their electron emission mechanisms are far from being fully understood. For example, it is not completely clear how nanotubes interact with an external electron beam and generate secondary electrons. In addition to its fundamental scientific importance, understanding these mechanisms and properties will facilitate the engineering of nanotube-based devices for applications such as vacuum transistors, electron multipliers, X-ray devices for medical imaging, etc. This thesis presents an experimental and theoretical investigation into the interaction of electron beams with carbon nanotubes. First-principles simulations are carried out to qualitatively analyze the possible direct interaction mechanisms of electron beams with nanotubes. An experimental study of electron yield (total, backscattered and secondary electron yields) from individual nanotubes and collections of nanotubes is reported. The experiments reveal low secondary electron yield from individual nanotubes. A different backscattered electron emission behaviour compared to that in bulk materials is observed in nanotube forests due to unusually high electron penetration range in them. A semi-empirical Monte Carlo model for the interaction of electron beams with collections of nanotubes is presented. Physically-based empirical parameters are derived from the experimental data. The secondary electron yield from individual nanotubes is first investigated in the light of the commonly used energy loss model for solids. Finally, the problems of using the traditional models for individual nanotubes are identified and an approach to modeling secondary and backscattered electron emission from such nanostructures is presented. The experiments and analysis presented in this thesis provide a platform for investigating backscattered and secondary electron emission also from nanostructures other than nanotubes.
Japan's economy misery: What next?
Creators: name: Patrick, Hugh T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Sustained poor economic performance and the deepening banking mess are what are making Japanese feel miserable. I feel these problems are about at their worst: there is light at the end of the tunnel. This Foote Lecture traces why Japanese growth was so poor throughout the 1990s and why the banking problems worsened. I then consider the current situation and the policies taken in the wake of the July 12 Upper house election, which are a major turning point for Japanese economic policy, and speculate on economic prospects. Foreign observers have talked about a "Japan crisis" for several years, while Japanese have simply shown pessimism and lack of confidence about the future - the country's and their own. Restoring confidence is a requisite for sustained recovery and growth, and this requires both banking reforms and recovery of sustained economic growth. The new government is in the process of making major commitments to achieve these goals. The political imperative is so great, and the required policy actions are so obvious, that fiscal and monetary stimulus will persist and strengthen, and banking reform will proceed.
Pull-out resistance of self-tapping wood screws with continuous thread
Creators: name: Gehloff, Maik
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Over the past centuries the use of timber in structures has seen waves of decline and rediscovery. Timber structures have evolved from empirical structures using timber within its natural boundaries in terms of shape, size and length to modern day engineering design approach using computers and sophisticated numerical models; this has led to the need of high performance connections in such structures. With the help of mechanical fasteners the envelope was pushed time and time again, creating ever stronger connections. However, the capacity of such connections is not only governed by the mechanical properties of the connectors, but also by the mechanical properties of the connecting wood members. Researchers have been developing different methods of reinforcing the inherent weakness of wood, namely the low strength in tension and compression perpendicular to the grain, as well as the low capacity in longitudinal shear. This thesis examines experimentally the pull-out resistance of self-tapping wood screws with continuous thread, a new type of fastener that can be used as a fastener, but also as reinforcement considering Canadian major wood species. Utilizing its high withdrawal capacity and high tensile strength, this type of connector can potentially be used to transfer internal forces in the wood along the length-axis of the screw instead of loading the wood in its weak directions. The results show that self-tapping wood screws (STSs) have a high resistance to pull-out and are an economical alternative to other reinforcement methods. Besides the superior capacities of STSs in withdrawal and tensile strength to other methods, they are also very easy to install since no pre-drilling of holes is required and thus, give an economical solution to many challenges in engineered timber construction.