cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The StraboSpot data system for geological information: An overview
Creators: name: Tikoff, Basil
name: Newman, Julie
name: Walker, J Douglas
name: Williams, Randy
name: Chatzaras, Vasileios
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2020

description: StraboSpot is a geologic data system that is designed to allow researchers to digitally collect, store, and share both field and laboratory data (Walker, J.D., et al., 2019, StraboSpot data system for Structural Geology, Geosphere). It was designed originally for structural geology data, but has been extended to field-based sedimentology and petrology, experimental deformation, and microanalysis. The data system uses two main concepts - spots and tags - to organize data. A spot characterizes a specific area at any spatial scale of observation. Spots are related in a purely spatial manner, and consequently, one spot can enclose multiple other spots that themselves contain spots. Spatial data can thus be tracked from scales of 100’s of km (regional) to several nanometers (microscopic). Tags provide conceptual grouping of spots, allowing linkages between spots independent of their spatial position. We will highlight the current development of the microstructural component of StraboSpot for the desktop environment. The vocabulary underlying this system was developed with participation from EPOS. The use of spatially nested spots and conceptual grouping by tags works identically to the field-based application. Micrograph images obtained through different instruments may be stored, retaining spatial relations between images, along with associated data. The micrograph application will be interoperable with field data, as well as with experimental rock deformation data, providing geologic context for all samples. We will incorporate other communities that participate in microstructural analysis (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary petrology), after we complete a working version for the structural geology community.
title: Consumer Bankruptcy and Information
Creators: name: Allen, Jason
name: Damar, H. Evren
name: Martinez-Miera, David
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: We analyze the relationship between the intensity of banks’ use of soft-information and household bankruptcy patterns. Using a unique data set on the universe of Canadian household bankruptcies, we document that bankruptcy rates are higher in markets where the collection of soft, or qualitative locally gathered information, is the weakest. Using two Canadian bank mergers as exogenous variation in local market structure, we show that the differences in bankruptcy rates are not due to changes in the supply of credit. Our findings indicate that screening via hard-information is not a perfect substitute for soft-information. Instead, the two appear to be complements.
description: Les auteurs analysent la relation qu’il y a entre l’intensité avec laquelle les banques exploitent des données subjectives ou « informelles » et les tendances entourant les faillites de ménages. À partir d’un ensemble unique de données sur les faillites de ménages canadiens, ils confirment que les taux de faillite sont plus élevés dans les marchés où il se recueille le moins d’informations subjectives, c.-à-d. de renseignements qualitatifs obtenus par les succursales. En traitant deux fusions de banques canadiennes comme des facteurs de variation exogènes de la structure d’un marché local, les auteurs montrent que les différences entre les taux de faillite ne sont pas causées par des modifications de l’offre de crédit. Leurs résultats indiquent que les données objectives utilisées pour la sélection des emprunteurs ne constituent pas de substituts parfaits des données subjectives : en réalité, les deux types d’informations s’avèrent complémentaires.
Manchester Town Hall, a Case Study in Structural Glass Reliability and Robustness
Creators: name: Coult, G.
name: Eckersley, B.
name: Lenk, P.
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: The design of the structural glass for the Manchester Town Hall Link (completed 2015) was carried out by engineering consultancy Eckersley O’Callaghan (EOC). The glass facade forms an enclosed shell which supports a steel roof and acts monolithically to resist lateral loads. The project collates the latest advances in glass technology combined with innovative design methods. In the absence of explicit codes of practice for structural glass, EOC performed a first principles approach in using empirical data, acquired through previous projects, and analytical methods, including FEM and parametric modelling, to justify an elegant and efficient structure which was approved by building control authorities. The result has reduced glass joints and less visible metalwork to meet the architects’ aspirations. This paper describes the approaches and innovations in designing the structural glass for this project.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2016): Challenging Glass 5
Controlling spin current polarization through non-collinear antiferromagnetism
Creators: name: Nan, T.
name: Quintela, C. X.
name: Irwin, J.
name: Gurung, G.
name: Shao, D. F.
name: Gibbons, J.
name: Campbell, N.
name: Song, K.
name: Choi, S. Y.
name: Guo, L.
name: Johnson, R. D.
name: Manuel, P.
name: Chopdekar, R. V.
name: Hallsteinsen, I.
name: Tybell, T.
name: Ryan, P. J.
name: Kim, J. W.
name: Choi, Y. S.
name: Radaelli, P. G.
name: Ralph, D. C.
name: Tsymba, E. Y.
name: Rzchowski, M. S.
name: Eom, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-Hall effect describes the interconversion of charge currents and spin currents, enabling highly efficient manipulation of magnetization for spintronics. Symmetry conditions generally restrict polarizations of these spin currents to be orthogonal to both the charge and spin flows. Spin polarizations can deviate from such direction in nonmagnetic materials only when the crystalline symmetry is reduced11. Here we experimentally show control of the spin polarization direction by using a non-collinear antiferromagnet Mn$_{3}$GaN, in which the triangular spin structure creates a low magnetic symmetry state while maintaining a high crystalline symmetry. We demonstrate that epitaxial Mn3GaN/Permalloy heterostructures can generate unique types of spinHall torques at room temperature corresponding to unconventional spin polarizations collinear to spin currents or charge currents which are forbidden in any sample with two-fold rotational symmetry. Our results demonstrate an approach based on spin-structure design for controlling spinorbit torque, paving the way for further progress in the emergent field of antiferromagnetic spintronics.
Optimal Subsampling for Functional Quasi-Mode Regression with Big Data
Creators: name: Wang, Tao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: We propose investigating optimal subsampling for functional regression with massive datasets based on the mode value, which is referred to as functional quasi-mode regression, to reduce data volume and alleviate computational burden. Utilizing data-adaptive weights derived from regression residuals, the suggested regression offers enhanced robustness against non-normal errors compared to traditional least squares or maximum likelihood estimation methods. To estimate the model, we employ B-spline basis functions to approximate the functional coefficient and include a penalty term in the objective function for enforcing smoothness in the resulting estimator. We adopt a computationally efficient mode-expectation-maximization algorithm, augmented by a Gaussian kernel, for numerical estimation. Under mild regularity conditions, we derive the asymptotic distributions of both full data and subsample quasi-mode estimators. The optimal subsampling probabilities by minimizing the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix under A- and L-optimality criteria are identified. These optimal probabilities rely on the full data estimate, prompting the development of a two-step algorithm to approximate the optimal subsampling procedure. The resultant algorithm is processing-efficient and can significantly reduce computational time compared to the full data approach. We also establish the asymptotic normality of the quasi-mode estimator obtained through this two-step algorithm. To assess finite sample performance, we conduct Monte Carlo simulations and analyze air quality data, showcasing the effectiveness of the developed estimator. Supplemental materials for this paper are available online.
Scaling in Non-stationary Time Series II: Teen Birth Phenomenon
Creators: name: Ignaccolo, M.
name: Allegrini, P.
name: Grigolini, P.
name: Hamilton, P.
name: West, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to the problem of statistical mechanics raised by the analysis of an issue of sociological interest: the teen birth phenomenon. It is expected that these data are characterized by correlated fluctuations, reflecting the cooperative properties of the process. However, the assessment of the anomalous scaling generated by these correlations is made difficult, and ambiguous as well, by the non-stationary nature of the data that show a clear dependence on seasonal periodicity (periodic component) and an average changing slowly in time (slow component), as well. We use the detrending techniques described in the companion paper \cite{paper1}, to safely remove all the biases and to derive the genuine scaling of the teen birth phenomenon.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures
Abstract of: Experimental analysis on the glass-interlayer system in glass masonry arches
Creators: name: Aurik, Mike
name: Snijder, Ate
name: Noteboom, Chris
name: Nijsse, Rob
name: Louter, Christian
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: In the last decade there has been an increased usage of cast glass as structural element. Within this respect, a 14 m span glass masonry arch bridge is planned to be constructed at the TU Delft Campus. This paper focuses on part of the experimental analysis that was executed to develop the concept of this bridge. Since it is an arch, the applied loads will be transferred as compressive forces, hence the suitability of glass. Adhesive bonding is not required, since the arch is in compression under its own weight. Application of cast glass bricks in a bridge is a new concept, therefore several aspects with respect to the structural behavior are unknown. Two experimental tests are presented in this paper. First, an experiment with a stacked glass column with varying interlayers is loaded to investigate the stiffness of the interlayer. For PVC interlayers the time-dependent behavior is significant, whereas for polyurethane it is minimal. Furthermore the interlayer’s equivalent modulus of elasticity is dependent on the thickness, due to a difference in the occurring contact areas. Second, a small-scale glass masonry arch is loaded till collapse to investigate the failure behavior and the stresses distribution. It was concluded that a certain robustness is present in the system. Furthermore the brick geometry and the occurrence of sliding are the main aspects that determine the stress distribution. Therewith a stiffer interlayer results in higher stresses in the glass.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 6 (2018): Challenging Glass 6
Diptilomiopus integrifoliae Mohanasundaram 1981
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Samiran
name: Sur, Surajit
name: Sarkar, Sanjay
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Diptilomiopidae
Diptilomiopus
Diptilomiopus integrifoliae

description: Diptilomiopus integrifoliae Mohanasundaram, 1981
 Diptilomiopus integrifoliae Mohanasundaram, 1981, Oriental insects, 15 (1): 49-51.
 Diptilomiopus holoptelus Chakrabarti and Mondal, 1983, Acarologia, XXIV (3): 302-303.
description: Published as part of Chakrabarti, Samiran, Sur, Surajit & Sarkar, Sanjay, 2019, Two new species of Diptilomiopus Nalepa (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from India, pp. 383-394 in Acarologia 59 (3) on page 392, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20194337, http://zenodo.org/record/5173714
Evaporative cooling from an optical dipole trap in microgravity
Creators: name: Vogt, Christian
name: Woltmann, Marian
name: Albers, Henning
name: Schlippert, Dennis
name: Herrmann, Sven
name: Rasel, Ernst M.
name: Lämmerzahl, Claus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, cold atoms could prove their scientific impact not only on ground but in microgravity environments such as the drop tower in Bremen, sounding rockets and parabolic flights. We investigate the preparation of cold atoms in an optical dipole trap, with an emphasis on evaporative cooling under microgravity. Up to $ 1\times10^{6} $ rubidium-87 atoms were optically trapped from a temporarily dark magneto optical trap during free fall in the droptower in Bremen. The efficiency of evaporation is determined to be equal with and without the effect of gravity. This is confirmed using numerical simulations that prove the dimension of evaporation to be three-dimensional in both cases due to the anharmonicity of optical potentials. These findings pave the way towards various experiments on ultra-cold atoms under microgravity and support other existing experiments based on atom chips but with plans for additional optical dipole traps such as the upcoming follow-up missions to current and past spaceborne experiments.
MOESM2 of Characterization of organoid cultured human breast cancer
Creators: name: Goldhammer, Nadine
name: Jiyoung Kim
name: Timmermans-Wielenga, Vera
name: Petersen, Ole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Reagents and medium composition used. Table showing reagents used and composition of breast cancer organoid medium including variations from the original recipe by Sachs et al. [2]
Drifting subpulses and inner acceleration regions in radio pulsars
Creators: name: Gil, Janusz
name: Melikidze, George I.
name: Geppert, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical vacuum gap model of Ruderman & Sutherland, in which spark-associated subbeams of subpulse emission circulate around the magnetic axis due to the EB drift, provides a natural and plausible physical mechanism of the subpulse drift phenomenon. Recent progress in the analysis of drifting subpulses in pulsars has provided a strong support to this model by revealing a number of subbeams circulating around the magnetic axis in a manner compatible with theoretical predictions. However, a more detailed analysis revealed that the circulation speed in a pure vacuum gap is too high when compared with observations. Moreover, some pulsars demonstrate significant time variations of the drift rate, including a change of the apparent drift direction, which is obviously inconsistent with the EB drift scenario in a pure vacuum gap. We resolved these discrepancies by considering a partial flow of iron ions from the positively charged polar cap, coexisting with the production of outflowing electron-positron plasmas. By fitting the observationally deduced drift-rates to the theoretical values, we managed to estimate polar cap surface temperatures in a number of pulsars. The estimated surface temperatures correspond to a small charge depletion of the order of a few percent of the corotational charge density. We also argue that if the thermionic electron outflow from the surface of a negatively charged polar cap is slightly below the Goldreich-Julian density, then the resulting small charge depletion will have similar consequences as in the case of the ions outflow. We thus believe that the sparking discharge of a partially shielded acceleration potential drop occurs in all pulsars, with both positively (``pulsars'') and negatively (``anti-pulsars'') charged polar caps.
title: International Business Cycles and Financial Frictions
Creators: name: Yao, Wen
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: This paper builds a two-country DSGE model to study the quantitative impact of financial frictions on business cycle co-movements when investors have foreign asset exposure. The investor in each country holds capital in both countries and faces a leverage constraint on her debt. I show quantitatively that financial frictions along with foreign asset exposure give rise to a multiplier effect that amplifies the transmission of shocks between countries. The key mechanism is that a negative shock in the home country reduces the wealth of investors in both countries, which tightens their leverage constraints, leading to a fall in investment, consumption, and hours worked in the foreign country. Compared to the existing literature, which tends to produce either negative or positive but small cross-country correlations, this model produces positive and sizable correlations that are consistent with the data. The model can account for most of the investment, employment and consumption correlations and predicts more than half of the output correlation. In addition, the model shows that, consistent with empirical findings, when investors have more foreign asset exposure to the other country, the output correlation between the two countries increases.
description: L’auteure élabore un modèle d’équilibre général dynamique et stochastique à deux pays pour étudier l’effet quantitatif des frictions financières sur les covariations des cycles économiques lorsque les investisseurs ont des portefeuilles d’actifs étrangers. Dans le modèle, les investisseurs disposent d’avoirs dans les deux pays et sont soumis à une contrainte de levier d’endettement. Quantitativement, la présence combinée de frictions financières et d’actifs étrangers a un effet multiplicateur qui amplifie la transmission des chocs entre pays. Le mécanisme clé est le suivant : l’apparition d’un choc négatif dans un pays réduit la richesse des investisseurs dans les deux pays, ce qui resserre les contraintes de levier et fait reculer l’investissement, la consommation et les heures travaillées dans l’autre pays. Alors que, dans la littérature existante, les corrélations entre pays sont généralement négatives ou positives, mais peu marquées, ce modèle produit des corrélations positives et substantielles qui concordent avec les données. Le modèle peut expliquer la majeure partie des corrélations de l’investissement, de l’emploi et de la consommation et prédit plus de la moitié de la corrélation de la production. En outre, il montre que, conformément aux résultats empiriques, la corrélation de la production entre pays s’accroît lorsque les investisseurs détiennent davantage d’actifs étrangers.
Anomalies in the NMR of Silicon: Unexpected Spin Echoes in a Dilute Dipolar Solid
Creators: name: Dementyev, A. E.
name: Li, D.
name: MacLean, K.
name: Barrett, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NMR spin echo measurements of $^{29}$Si in Silicon powders have uncovered a variety of surprising phenomena that appear to be independent of doping. These surprises include long tails and even-odd asymmetry in Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) echo trains, and anomalous stimulated echoes with several peculiar characteristics. Given the simplicity of this spin system, these results, which to date defy explanation, present a new and interesting puzzle in solid state NMR. In the broader context of quantum computation, these experiments suggest that similar surprises may be found in other systems with small, long-range, qubit-qubit interactions, particularly when ``bang-bang'' control is used.
description: 4 pgs., 5 color eps figs, REVTEX 4.0, accepted to appear in Phys. Rev. B
title: Time-Varying Effects of Oil Supply Shocks on the U.S. Economy
Creators: name: Christiane, Baumeister
name: Peersman, Gert
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: We use vector autoregressions with drifting coefficients and stochastic volatility to investigate how the dynamic effects of oil supply shocks on the U.S. economy have changed over time. We find a substantial decline in the short-run price elasticity of oil demand since the mid-eighties. This finding helps explain why an oil production shortfall of the same magnitude is associated with a stronger response of oil prices and more severe macroeconomic consequences over time, while an oil price increase of the same magnitude is associated with a smaller decline in oil production and smaller losses in U.S. output in more recent years. We also show that oil supply shocks more recently account for a smaller fraction of the variability of the real price of oil, implying a greater role for oil demand shocks. Notwithstanding this time variation, the overall cumulative effect of oil supply disruptions on the U.S. economy has been modest. Oil supply shocks contributed to some extent to the 1991 recession and slowed the economic boom of 1999-2000, but they do not explain other U.S. recessions nor do they help explain the "Great Inflation" of the 1970s and early 1980s.
description: Les auteurs se servent de modèles vectoriels autorégressifs dotés de coefficients variables et d’une volatilité stochastique pour étudier comment ont évolué au fil du temps les effets dynamiques des chocs d’offre pétroliers sur l’économie américaine. Les auteurs notent une baisse prononcée de l’élasticité-prix de la demande de pétrole à court terme depuis le milieu des années 1980. Cette observation aide à expliquer pourquoi, à ampleur égale, un déficit de production s’accompagne d’une réaction du prix de l’or noir et de dégâts à l’économie de plus en plus importants au fil de la période étudiée, alors que des hausses des prix du pétrole d’ampleur inchangée sont associées à un recul moins marqué de la production pétrolière et à un repli plus modeste de l’activité économique aux États-Unis ces dernières années. Les auteurs montrent aussi que la part de la variabilité du prix réel de l’or noir imputable aux chocs d’offre a diminué récemment, avec pour corollaire un rôle plus important pour les chocs de demande. Malgré la variation dans le temps, l’incidence cumulative globale des ruptures d’approvisionnement a été modeste sur l’économie américaine. Les chocs d’offre pétroliers ont concouru dans une certaine mesure à la récession de 1991 et tempéré le boom de 1999-2000, mais ils n’expliquent pas d’autres récessions aux États-Unis ni la « Grande Inflation » des années 1970 et du début des années 1980.
MOESM1 of Human leucocyte antigen class I in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer: association with response and survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Creators: name: Sinn, Bruno
name: Weber, Karsten
name: Schmitt, Wolfgang
name: Fasching, Peter
name: Symmans, William
name: Jens-Uwe Blohmer
name: Karn, Thomas
name: Taube, Eliane
name: Klauschen, Frederick
name: MarmÃ©, Frederik
name: Schem, Christian
name: Stickeler, Elmar
name: Ataseven, Beyhan
name: Huober, Jens
name: Minckwitz, Gunter
name: Seliger, Barbara
name: Denkert, Carsten
name: Loibl, Sibylle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. HLA class I HC immunohistochemistry in the GeparTrio cohort: In this exploratory subgroup analysis, univariate Cox regression models were fit to evaluate the prognostic impact of the dichotomized HLA class I data on progression-free survival (A) and overall survival (B) in HR+/HER2- breast cancer. HLA class I was a negative prognostic marker for disease-free survival across all patients, in those with a lower tumor grade, in tumors without excellent response to chemotherapy, in patients with no special type histopathology and in patients with tumors without extensive lymphocytes. We observed a trend in the opposite direction for patients with high-grade tumors, those with excellent response to chemotherapy and lobular breast cancer. HLA class I was associated with shorter overall survival in patients without excellent response (B).
title: Unconventional Monetary Policy and the Great Recession: Estimating the Macroeconomic Effects of a Spread Compression at the Zero Lower Bound
Creators: name: Baumeister, Christiane
name: Benati, Luca
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: We explore the macroeconomic effects of a compression in the long-term bond yield spread within the context of the Great Recession of 2007-2009 via a time-varying parameter structural VAR model. We identify a ‘pure’ spread shock defined as a shock that leaves the policy rate unchanged, which allows us to characterize the macroeconomic consequences of a decline in the yield spread induced by central banks’ asset purchases within an environment in which the policy rate is constrained by the effective zero lower bound. Two key findings stand out. First, compressions in the long-term yield spread exert a powerful effect on both output growth and inflation. Second, conditional on available estimates of the impact of the Federal Reserve’s and the Bank of England’s asset purchase programs on long-term yield spreads, our counterfactual simulations suggest that U.S. and U.K. unconventional monetary policy actions have averted significant risks both of deflation and of output collapses comparable to those that took place during the Great Depression.
description: Les auteurs étudient les effets macroéconomiques d’un rétrécissement des écarts entre les rendements obligataires à long terme pendant la Grande Récession de 2007-2009 à l’aide d’un modèle VAR structurel à paramètres variables dans le temps. Ils identifient un choc « pur » sur les écarts, c.-à-d. un choc qui laisse le taux directeur inchangé. Cette démarche leur permet de décrire les conséquences macroéconomiques d’une réduction des écarts de rendement induite par les achats d’actifs qu’effectuent les banques centrales au sein d’un environnement où le taux directeur est soumis à la contrainte d’un niveau plancher. L’étude aboutit à deux constats. D’un côté, la réduction des écarts à long terme exerce une influence considérable sur la croissance de la production tout comme sur l’inflation. De l’autre, sur la base des estimations disponibles concernant l’effet qu’ont eu les programmes d’achat d’actifs mis en oeuvre par la Réserve fédérale américaine et la Banque d’Angleterre sur les écarts de rendement à long terme, les résultats des simulations contrefactuelles semblent indiquer que les mesures de politique monétaire non traditionnelles déployées aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni ont permis d’éviter la matérialisation de risques importants, à savoir une déflation et un effondrement de la production aussi graves qu’à l’époque de la Grande Crise.
title: The Ex-Ante Versus Ex-Post Effect of Public Guarantees
Creators: name: Damar, H. Evren
name: Gropp, Reint
name: Mordel, Adi
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: In October 2006, Dominion Bond Rating Service (DBRS) introduced new ratings for banks that account for the potential of government support. The rating changes are not a reflection of any changes in the respective banks’ credit fundamentals. We use this natural experiment to evaluate the consequences of bail out expectations for bank behavior using a difference in differences approach. The results suggest a striking difference between the effects of bail out probabilities during calm times (“ex ante”) versus during crisis times (“ex post”). During calm times, higher bail-out probabilities result in higher risk taking, consistent with the moral hazard view and much of the empirical literature. However, in crisis times, we find that banks with higher bail out probabilities tend to increase their risk taking less compared to banks that were ex ante unlikely to be bailed-out. Charter values are one part of the explanation: Supported banks may have a funding advantage relative to non-supported banks during the crisis. However, we cannot rule out that other factors also may be playing a role, including tighter supervision of supported banks in crisis times.
description: En octobre 2006, l’agence DBRS a modifié la notation des banques afin de tenir compte du soutien potentiel de l’État. Les modifications apportées ne traduisaient pas des changements de la qualité fondamentale du crédit des institutions concernées. Dans leur étude, les auteurs tirent parti de cette expérience naturelle pour évaluer, par la méthode des doubles différences, l’effet des perspectives de renflouement sur le comportement des banques. D’après leurs résultats, l’incidence des probabilités d’un sauvetage diffère grandement selon qu’on est en période de calme (ex ante) ou en temps de crise (ex post). En période de calme, des probabilités plus élevées se traduisent par une prise de risque accrue, comme le veut l’hypothèse de l’aléa moral et conformément à la plupart des constats empiriques. En temps de crise, toutefois, la prise de risque des banques plus susceptibles d’être secourues a tendance à moins augmenter que celle des banques qui, ex ante, avaient peu de chances d’être renflouées. Les valeurs de licence y seraient pour quelque chose : pendant les crises, les banques bénéficiant d’un soutien disposent peut-être d’un avantage en matière de financement relativement aux autres banques. Mais il se peut que d’autres facteurs interviennent aussi, dont le renforcement en temps de crise de la surveillance des banques secourues par l’État.
Abstract of: Calculation methods of glass parapets in aluminium clamping profiles
Creators: name: Baidjoe, Youri
name: Van Lancker, Bert
name: Belis, Jan
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: This study aims to investigate and assess the analytical calculation methods which are applicable to glass parapets. Specifically it is focused on glass parapets, which are continuously clamped along their lower edge in an aluminium profile, without the addition of a (structural) handrail. The starting point of the research are the current codes of practice regarding glass parapets. The objectives are to investigate the limitations of the current methods, to develop new methods and to test whether these are applicable, taking into account the standards of several European countries. Codes and standards from the Netherlands, Belgium, the United Kingdom and Germany are analysed and applied to the calculation methods, to identify and analyse the differences. Subsequently, a series of static load tests have been performed to determine the spring stiffness of the aluminium parapet clamping profiles, such that they can be applied in new analytical calculation methods. The long-term value of this research is to present more accurate calculation methods which can be applied to continuously supported glass parapet, accounting for different parameters, such as the supporting effect of sealing rubbers and the application depth of fixation wedges. Finally, recommendations are made to improve common calculation methods.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 6 (2018): Challenging Glass 6
Energies and radii of light nuclei around unitarity
Creators: name: König, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light nuclei fall within a regime of universal physics governed by the fact that the two-nucleon scattering lengths are large compared to the typical nuclear interaction range set by one-pion exchange. This places nuclear physics near the so-called unitarity limit in which the scattering lengths are exactly infinite. Effective field theory provides a powerful theoretical framework to capture this separation of scales in a systematic way. It is shown here that the nuclear force can be constructed as a perturbative expansion around the unitarity limit and that this expansion has good convergence properties for both the binding energies of $A=3,4$ nuclei as well as for the radii of these states.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures. Prepared as contribution to the EPJA topical issue "The tower of effective (field) theories and the emergence of nuclear phenomena."
MOESM1 of Characterization of organoid cultured human breast cancer
Creators: name: Goldhammer, Nadine
name: Jiyoung Kim
name: Timmermans-Wielenga, Vera
name: Petersen, Ole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Overview of antibodies used. Table showing antibodies and their dilutions used for FACS and immunohistochemistry
Quasi-one-dimensional Bose gases with large scattering length
Creators: name: Astrakharchik, G. E.
name: Blume, D.
name: Giorgini, S.
name: Granger, B. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bose gases confined in highly-elongated harmonic traps are investigated over a wide range of interaction strengths using quantum Monte Carlo techniques. We find that the properties of a Bose gas under tight transverse confinement are well reproduced by a 1d model Hamiltonian with contact interactions. We point out the existence of a unitary regime, where the properties of the quasi-1d Bose gas become independent of the actual value of the 3d scattering length. In this unitary regime, the energy of the system is well described by a hard rod equation of state. We investigate the stability of quasi-1d Bose gases with positive and negative 3d scattering length.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: Inflation and Growth: A New Keynesian Perspective
Creators: name: Amano, Robert
name: Carter, Thomas J.
name: Moran, Kevin
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: The long-run relation between growth and inflation has not yet been studied in the context of nominal price and wage rigidities, despite the fact that these rigidities now figure prominently in workhorse macroeconomic models. We therefore integrate staggered price- and wage-setting into an endogenous growth framework. In this setting, growth and inflation are linked via the incentive to innovate. For standard calibrations, the linkage is strong: as trend inflation shifts from –5 to 5 percent, the range over which the economy’s steady-state growth rate varies spans 50 basis points, implying up to a 15 percent output differential after thirty years. Nominal wage rigidity plays a critical role in generating these results, and compounding of inflation’s growth effects implies large welfare losses. Endogenous growth thus proves a key channel via which inflation impacts New Keynesian economies.
description: La relation à long terme entre la croissance et l’inflation n’a pas encore été étudiée dans le contexte de rigidités nominales des prix et des salaires, même si celles-ci figurent en bonne place dans les principaux modèles macroéconomiques actuels. Les auteurs intègrent donc des contrats échelonnés de prix et de salaires à un modèle de croissance endogène. Dans ce schéma, la croissance et l’inflation sont reliées par l’incitation à innover à laquelle les entreprises développant de nouveaux produits font face. Si les paramètres sont étalonnés de façon standard, la relation entre les deux variables s’avère économiquement significative : quand l’inflation tendancielle passe de – 5 à + 5 %, le taux de croissance de l’économie en régime permanent peut varier de 50 points de base, et le manque à produire s’élever ainsi à 15 % après 30 ans. La rigidité nominale des salaires explique l’essentiel de ces résultats, et le cumul des effets de l’inflation sur la croissance occasionne des pertes considérables de bien-être. La croissance endogène se révèle un vecteur clé de transmission des effets de l’inflation dans les économies de type nouveau keynésien.
title: Why Do Shoppers Use Cash? Evidence from Shopping Diary Data
Creators: name: Wakamori, Naoki
name: Welte, Angelika
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: Recent studies find that cash remains a dominant payment choice for small-value transactions despite the prevalence of alternative means of payment such as debit and credit cards. For policy makers an important question is whether consumers truly prefer using cash or merchants restrict card usage. Using the Bank of Canada’s 2009 Method of Payment Survey, we estimate a generalized multinomial logit model of payment choices to extract individual heterogeneity (demand-side factors) while controlling for merchants’ acceptance of cards (supply-side factors). Based on a counterfactual exercise where we assume universal card acceptance among merchants, we find that some consumers would decrease their cash usage but the magnitude of this decrease is small. Our results imply that the use of cash in small-value transactions is driven mainly by consumers’ preferences.
description: Des études récentes montrent que l’argent comptant demeure un mode de paiement privilégié pour les transactions de faible montant, malgré la prévalence d’autres moyens de paiement comme les cartes de débit et de crédit. Pour les décideurs publics, il importe de savoir si les consommateurs préfèrent vraiment régler en espèces ou, plutôt, si les commerçants restreignent l’usage de ces cartes. En nous fondant sur l’Enquête de 2009 sur les modes de paiement effectuée par la Banque du Canada, nous estimons un modèle logit multinomial généralisé des choix de paiement pour extraire l’information liée à l’hétérogénéité individuelle (facteurs de demande) tout en tenant compte de l’acceptation, par les détaillants, des cartes de paiement (facteurs d’offre). À l’aide d’une simulation contrefactuelle dans laquelle nous postulons que tous les commerçants acceptent toutes les cartes de paiement, nous constatons que certains consommateurs auraient alors moins tendance à payer en liquide, mais dans une faible mesure. Nos résultats indiquent que ce sont principalement les préférences des consommateurs qui déterminent l’usage des espèces pour de petits paiements.
Abstract of: Interlocking glass spiral as building structure of the watch museum “La Maison des Fondateurs”
Creators: name: Villiger, Josua
name: Willareth, Philippe
name: Doebbel, Florian
name: Nardini, Viviana
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: La Maison des Fondateurs in Le Brassus Switzerland is going to represent the watch making manufacture Audemars Piguet. Audemars Piguet stands for the finest quality, precision as well as innovation based on traditional watchmaking expertise and craftsmanship. La Maison des Fondateurs has been developed from a competition proposal to the execution project by the architects BIG – Bjarke Ingels Group. The created interlocking all glass spiral evolves the building volume out of the rough, natural landscape providing a perfect linear museum path for the building program. Despite the severe loading and weather conditions, inspired by the high values of Audemars Piguet the project team designed the building to the technical limits. The curved and very large insulated façade glass units as well as the curved glass partition walls of the interlocking glass spiral are forming the load bearing structure. All vertical and horizontal loads are transferred by these glass components making solid columns and shear wall obsolete. The article reflects the close collaboration of the designers, engineers, specialist contractor and industry. The global structural concept, transfer of the concentrated point loading into the curved structural glass element, testing procedures as well as the structural bonding beyond standards and the context of energy efficiency are discussed and elaborated.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 6 (2018): Challenging Glass 6
The Cost of Forward Contracting Wheat
Creators: name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Coombs, John
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Coombs, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: One of the basic principles of economics is that there is no such thing as a free lunch. In regard to forward contracting, we might expect the same. A farmer who forward contracts wheat is receiving a service. The farmer is protected from price risk. The grain company takes care of paperwork, default risk, futures commission, margin calls, and basis risk. However, the grain company also benefits because the grain company has a known source of grain at a known price. Thus, economic theory cannot say for certain that a farmer who always forward contracts will, on average, receive less than a farmer who always sells at harvest. Barkley and Schroeder derive a theoretical model of forward contracting with live cattle and argue that who pays the cost of forward contracting is an question. Therefore, this paper reports a study of Gulf forward basis bids for hard red winter wheat which sought to determine what on average a farmer is paying for the service of forward contracting.
Momentum-Dark Intervalley Exciton in Monolayer Tungsten Diselenide Brightened via Chiral Phonon
Creators: name: Li, Zhipeng
name: Wang, Tianmeng
name: Jin, Chenhao
name: Lu, Zhengguang
name: Lian, Zhen
name: Meng, Yuze
name: Blei, Mark
name: Gao, Mengnan
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Ren, Tianhui
name: Cao, Ting
name: Tongay, Sefaattin
name: Smirnov, Dmitry
name: Zhang, Lifa
name: Shi, Su-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inversion symmetry breaking and three-fold rotation symmetry grant the valley degree of freedom to the robust exciton in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), which can be exploited for valleytronics applications. However, the short lifetime of the exciton significantly constrains the possible applications. In contrast, dark exciton could be long-lived but does not necessarily possess the valley degree of freedom. In this work, we report the identification of the momentum-dark, intervalley exciton in monolayer WSe2 through low-temperature magneto-photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Interestingly, the intervalley exciton is brightened through the emission of a chiral phonon at the corners of the Brillouin zone (K point), and the pseudoangular momentum (PAM) of the phonon is transferred to the emitted photon to preserve the valley information. The chiral phonon energy is determined to be ~ 23 meV, based on the experimentally extracted exchange interaction (~ 7 meV), in excellent agreement with the theoretical expectation of 24.6 meV. The long-lived intervalley exciton with valley degree of freedom adds an exciting quasiparticle for valleytronics, and the coupling between the chiral phonon and intervalley exciton furnishes a venue for valley spin manipulation.
Abstract of: All-glass entrance pavillion for an office building in Madrid
Creators: name: Teixidor, Carles
name: Torres, Jordi
name: Estupiñá, Lídia
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: The iconic Torre Europa building in Madrid is currently under refurbishment. The envisaged works include the construction of a new entrance hall composed of two structural glass façades and a steel canopy above them. This paper focuses on the design and construction of the two structural glass façades, which are connected together at an angle of 100∘. These are made up of a number of laminated glass panels standing on the ground floor slab and stabilised by vertical glass fins. The connection between the cladding panels and the fins is resolved with embedded metal connectors. The top end of the fins is connected to an horizontal glass beam that extends along the two façades, thus forming an Lshape with both ends fixed to the primary structure of the building. This beam is a critical structural element that carries 50% of the wind load applied to the façades and may be also exposed to some vertical load such as snow.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 6 (2018): Challenging Glass 6
Multiple Stellar Populations of Globular Clusters from Homogeneous Ca--CN--CH Photometry. V. $cn^\prime_{\rm JWL}$ as a Surrogate $cn_{\rm JWL}$ Index and NGC 6723
Creators: name: Lee, Jae-Woo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce new color indices $cn^\prime_{\rm JWL}$ (= $Ca_{\rm CTIO} - Ca_{\rm JWL}$) and $ch_{\rm JWL}$ [=$(JWL43 - b) - (b-y)$], accurate photometric measures of the CN band at $λ$3883 and the CH G band, respectively, in the study of the multiple populations (MPs) in globular clusters (GCs). Our photometric CN--CH relation for a large number of red-giant branch (RGB) in M5 shows that the evolutions of the CN and CH between the CN-w and CN-s populations are not continuous. Armed with our new color indices, we investigate the MPs of NGC 6723, finding the RGB populational number ratio of $n$(CN-w):$n$(CN-s) $\approx$ 35.5:64.5 ($\pm$2.8) with no radial gradient. Similar to other normal GCs with MPs, the helium abundance of the CN-s population inferred from the RGB bump magnitude is slightly enhanced by $ΔY$ = 0.012 $\pm$ 0.012. Our $cn_{\rm JWL}$ and $cn^\prime_{\rm JWL}$ color-magnitude diagrams clearly show the discrete double AGB populations in NGC 6723, whose bright AGB populational number ratio is in marginally agreement with that of the RGB stars within the statistical errors. Finally, our synthetic $cn_{\rm JWL}$ index is in good agreement with observations, except for the CN-w asymptotic giant branch (AGB). To mitigate the discrepancy in the CN-w AGB may require a mild nitrogen enhancement and/or a large decrement in the $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C ratio with respect to the bright RGB.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal; 17 Figures and 5 Tables
Crossover between ionic/covalent and pure ionic bonding in magnesium oxyde clusters
Creators: name: Calvo, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An empirical potential with fluctuating charges is proposed for modelling (MgO)_n clusters in both the molecular (small n) and bulk (n->infty) regimes. Vectorial polarization forces are explicitely taken into account in the self-consistent determination of the charges. Our model predicts cuboid cluster structures, in agreement with previous experimental and theoretical results. The effective charge transferred between magnesium and oxygen smoothly increases from 1 to 2, with an estimated crossover size above 300 MgO molecules.