cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Essays on statistical discrimination in a dynamic framework
Creators: name: Glawtschew, Rebecca M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: This dissertation consists of two papers in the field of statistical discrimination. In the first paper, I determine the potential causes of persistent labor market inequality by developing a dynamic model of statistical discrimination in a competitive environment. In this dynamic model, the forward-looking behavior of economic agents determines the dynamic paths to the steady states. By characterizing these dynamic paths, I am able to establish the initial conditions that can lead to each steady state and to determine if it is possible to move from one steady state to another. I find that the model can be broken down into two classes of parameterizations. In the first class, history alone determines the final outcome. In the second class, the expectations of forward-looking may agents determine the final outcome. In both of these cases, moving from one steady state to another is not possible. Using a simplified version of the dynamic model, I also examine how the parameter values impact both the existence of multiple steady states and the importance of expectations in determining the final outcome. In the second paper, I consider the effectiveness of three government policies designed to eliminate persistent statistical discrimination in the framework of the dynamic model developed in the first paper. I determine the paths that workers will take after a policy is instated as well as how long a policy needs to be in place to guarantee the successful elimination of discrimination. The policies I consider are (1) a hiring subsidy that promotes the hiring of disadvantaged workers to the better job, (2) an investment voucher that defrays the monetary cost of human capital investment, and (3) an equal treatment policy under which firms are required to treat workers equally across groups. I find that all three policies have the potential to eliminate persistent discrimination if certain conditions are met.
Optimal sequence memory in driven random networks
Creators: name: Schuecker, Jannis
name: Goedeke, Sven
name: Helias, Moritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Autonomous randomly coupled neural networks display a transition to chaos at a critical coupling strength. We here investigate the effect of a time-varying input on the onset of chaos and the resulting consequences for information processing. Dynamic mean-field theory yields the statistics of the activity, the maximum Lyapunov exponent, and the memory capacity of the network. We find an exact condition that determines the transition from stable to chaotic dynamics and the sequential memory capacity in closed form. The input suppresses chaos by a dynamic mechanism, shifting the transition to significantly larger coupling strengths than predicted by local stability analysis. Beyond linear stability, a regime of coexistent locally expansive, but non-chaotic dynamics emerges that optimizes the capacity of the network to store sequential input.
Equality cases in Viterbo's conjecture and isoperimetric billiard inequalities
Creators: name: Balitskiy, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we apply the billiard technique to deduce some results on Viterbo's conjectured inequality between volume of a convex body and its symplectic capacity. We show that the product of a permutohedron and a simplex (properly related to each other) delivers equality in Viterbo's conjecture. Using this result as well as previously known equality cases, we prove some special cases of Viterbo's conjecture and interpret them as isoperimetric-like inequalities for billiard trajectories.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures. To appear in International Mathematics Research Notices. Former title "Equality cases in Viterbo's conjecture related to permutohedra"
Determining the Role of Prostanoids in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Creators: name: Lovgren, Alysia Kern
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a relentless, fatal disease characterized by alveolar epithelial cell injury, proliferation of mesenchymal cell populations, and extracellular matrix deposition. Unknown microinjuries to the lung initiate an aberrant repair process in susceptible individuals which ultimately alters lung architecture and leads to progressive loss of pulmonary function. Lipid mediators called prostanoids have been implicated in both inflammatory and fibrotic signaling pathways. It has been postulated that the COX-2 metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is responsible for protection against pulmonary fibrosis. To study this lipid mediator, we first generated a mouse line deficient in the putative cytosolic PGE2 synthase, cPGES/p23. These mice died at birth due to respiratory failure, and our data shows that cPGES/p23 is a co-chaperone that is important for both DNA-bindingdependent and -independent mechanisms of the glucocorticoid receptor. However, characterization of primary embryonic fibroblasts derived from the cPGES/p23-deficient mice, as well as embryonic tissues, demonstrated that cPGES/p23 is not required for the direct production of PGE2 from COX-derived PGH2. We, therefore, went on to demonstrate that upregulation of PGE2 after bleomycin administration was dependent on the microsomal PGE2 synthase, mPGES1. However, neither loss of PGE2 synthesis nor signaling through the Gs-coupled EP2 and EP4 receptors had an effect on the development of fibrotic lung disease. Interestingly, we show that COX-2-dependent production of prostacyclin plays an important role in the development of disease, limiting both the development of fibrosis and the consequential alterations in lung mechanics. Our studies reveal an important role for the COX-2-prostacyclin synthetic pathway in protection from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Flat matrix models for quantum permutation groups
Creators: name: Banica, Teodor
name: Nechita, Ion
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the matrix models $π:C(S_N^+)\to M_N(C(X))$ which are flat, in the sense that the standard generators of $C(S_N^+)$ are mapped to rank 1 projections. Our first result is a generalization of the Pauli matrix construction at $N=4$, using finite groups and 2-cocycles. Our second result is the construction of a universal representation of $C(S_N^+)$, inspired from the Sinkhorn algorithm, that we conjecture to be inner faithful.
description: 22 pages
Untersuchungen zur Synthese von Diazonamid A und Phorbazol A und C
Creators: name: Radspieler, Alexander
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Phorbazol
subject: Diazonamid
subject: Oxazol
subject: Ascidiacea
subject: Phorbazole
subject: Diazonamide
subject: oxazole
subject: ascidian
subject: 540 Chemie
subject: 30 Chemie
subject: VK 5507
subject: VK 8507

description: Abstract Die Phorbazole und Diazonamide sind Naturstoffe marinen Ursprungs. Als strukturelle Gemeinsamkeiten zeichnen sie sich durch einen oder mehrere Oxazol-Ringe sowie durch das Vorhandensein von Chloratomen aus. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde erstmals eine Totalsynthese von Phorbazol C entwickelt, ausgehend von p-Hydroxybenzaldehyd und 2- Methylpyrrol-5-carbonsäureethylester. In den Schlüsselschritten wurden die Bausteine über eine Amidbindung verknüpft und der Oxazolring durch Cyclodehydratisierung aufgebaut. Für das 4-Chloroxazol-haltige Phorbazol A wurde ein alternativer Syntheseweg gewählt. Dieser führte jedoch wegen einer unerwarteten Umlagerungsreaktion zu einem neuem Konstitutionsisomeren der Zielstruktur. Für das komplex aufgebaute Diazonamid A wurde eine Retrosynthese entwickelt und entsprechende Modellreaktionen durchgeführt. Dabei wurden Indolyl-4-Chloroxazole mit verschiedenen Substituenten synthetisiert. Für die Synthese von 2,2-Diarylessigsäureestern erwiesen sich Chromarenkomplexe als geeignete Elektrophile. Die Einführung eines weiteren Substituenten zum Aufbau des quartären Kohnelstoffatoms gelang in nur mäßigen Ausbeuten. Hier führten Bleiarylverbindungen zum Erfolg.
description: Abstract Phorbazoles and Diazonamides are marine natural products. They share one or more oxazole rings and the presence of chloro atoms as common structural features. The present thesis describes the first total synthesis of Phorbazole C, starting from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-methylpyrrol-5-ethylcarboxylate. As key step the building blocks were connected as amide. The oxazole-ring was formed via cyclo- dehydration. An alternative synthetic approach was chosen for Phorbazole A that contains a 4-chloro- oxazole. This led to a new constitutional isomer of the lead structure due to an usual rearrangement. For the complex structure of Diazonamide A a retrosynthetic approach was developed. Different key structures were examined by model reactions. As a result, indolyl-4- chlorooxazoles with various substituents were synthesized. A second arene ring was introduced into 2-aryl-acetic acid by chromium fluoroarene complexes as electrophiles. The introduction of another substituent in order to establish the quaternary carbon atom was accomplished in low yields. Lead aryl compounds turned out to be advantageous in this reaction.
Where disappointment and regret collide: agency, emotion, and hindsight bias
Creators: name: Jonsson, Eulena M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Emotions serve as sources of information to the decision-maker and thus can impact the judgment and decision-making biases people are prone to exhibit. This dissertation examines the role of specific emotions such as disappointment, relief, regret, and satisfaction in the generation of hindsight bias or the knew-it-all-along effect after self-relevant outcomes. I proposed that such emotions provide agency or attribution information to the decision-maker. Specifically, I hypothesized that when people do not feel responsible for the outcome received, or circumstances-agency, they experience disappointment and relief. Hindsight bias would be shown after disappointment but not after relief. When people do feel responsible for the outcome received, or self-agency, they experience regret and satisfaction. In this case hindsight bias would not be shown after regret, but would be shown after satisfaction. Study 1 (n equals 116) found support for the hypotheses made in the self-agency condition, but not in the circumstances-agency condition. Study 2 (n equals 260) demonstrated that it is difficult to change the emotions that participants feel, with some changes evidenced in direct emotion measures. In regards to hypotheses about hindsight bias effects, the findings of Study 2 largely replicated those of Study 1.
Designated Safeguarding Leads group supervision in secondary schools
Creators: name: Stokes, Lucy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This evaluation aims to establish the impact of providing a supervising social worker to provide supervision to Designated Safeguarding Leads (DSLs) in secondary schools, using a group supervision model. The evaluation comprises a randomised controlled trial, along with an implementation and process evaluation, and analysis of costs.
Two worlds collide: Interacting shells in AdS spacetime and chaos
Creators: name: Brito, Richard
name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: Rocha, Jorge V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the simplest two-body problem in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime: two, infinitely thin, concentric spherical shells of matter. We include only gravitational interaction between the two shells, but we show that the dynamics of this system is highly nontrivial. We observe prompt collapse to a black hole, delayed collapse and even perpetual oscillatory motion, depending on the initial location of the shells (or their energy content). The system exhibits critical behavior, and we show strong hints that it is also chaotic.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures; v2: updated references and added short discussion on the Lyapunov exponent; v3: matches published version
First Steps Toward Camera Model Identification with Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Bondi, Luca
name: Baroffio, Luca
name: Güera, David
name: Bestagini, Paolo
name: Delp, Edward J.
name: Tubaro, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detecting the camera model used to shoot a picture enables to solve a wide series of forensic problems, from copyright infringement to ownership attribution. For this reason, the forensic community has developed a set of camera model identification algorithms that exploit characteristic traces left on acquired images by the processing pipelines specific of each camera model. In this paper, we investigate a novel approach to solve camera model identification problem. Specifically, we propose a data-driven algorithm based on convolutional neural networks, which learns features characterizing each camera model directly from the acquired pictures. Results on a well-known dataset of 18 camera models show that: (i) the proposed method outperforms up-to-date state-of-the-art algorithms on classification of 64x64 color image patches; (ii) features learned by the proposed network generalize to camera models never used for training.
Existence of long time solutions and validity of the Nonlinear Schrödinger approximation for a quasilinear dispersive equation
Creators: name: Düll, Wolf-Patrick
name: Heß, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a nonlinear dispersive equation with a quasilinear quadratic term. We establish two results. First, we show that solutions to this equation with initial data of order $\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon)$ in Sobolev norms exist for a time span of order $\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-2})$ for sufficiently small $\varepsilon$. Secondly, we derive the Nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation as a formal approximation equation describing slow spatial and temporal modulations of the envelope of an underlying carrier wave, and justify this approximation with the help of error estimates in Sobolev norms between exact solutions of the quasilinear equation and the formal approximation obtained via the NLS equation. The proofs of both results rely on estimates of appropriate energies whose constructions are inspired by the method of normal-form transforms. To justify the NLS approximation, we have to overcome additional difficulties caused by the occurrence of resonances. We expect that the method developed in the present paper will also allow to prove the validity of the NLS approximation for a larger class of quasilinear dispersive systems with resonances.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1602.08016. This paper is a minor revision of the previous submission arXiv:1605.08704v1. In its present form, the paper has been accepted for publication in Journal of Differential Equations
Supervising Designated Safeguarding Leads in primary schools
Creators: name: Stokes, Lucy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This evaluation aims to establish the impact of providing a supervising social worker to provide supervision to Designated Safeguarding Leads (DSLs) in primary schools. The evaluation comprises a randomised controlled trial, along with an implementation and process evaluation, and analysis of costs.
Simultaneous Alignment and Surface Regression Using Hybrid 2D-3D Networks for 3D Coherent Layer Segmentation of Retina OCT Images
Creators: name: Liu, Hong
name: Wei, Dong
name: Lu, Donghuan
name: Li, Yuexiang
name: Ma, Kai
name: Wang, Liansheng
name: Zheng, Yefeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automated surface segmentation of retinal layer is important and challenging in analyzing optical coherence tomography (OCT). Recently, many deep learning based methods have been developed for this task and yield remarkable performance. However, due to large spatial gap and potential mismatch between the B-scans of OCT data, all of them are based on 2D segmentation of individual B-scans, which may loss the continuity information across the B-scans. In addition, 3D surface of the retina layers can provide more diagnostic information, which is crucial in quantitative image analysis. In this study, a novel framework based on hybrid 2D-3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is proposed to obtain continuous 3D retinal layer surfaces from OCT. The 2D features of individual B-scans are extracted by an encoder consisting of 2D convolutions. These 2D features are then used to produce the alignment displacement field and layer segmentation by two 3D decoders, which are coupled via a spatial transformer module. The entire framework is trained end-to-end. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that attempts 3D retinal layer segmentation in volumetric OCT images based on CNNs. Experiments on a publicly available dataset show that our framework achieves superior results to state-of-the-art 2D methods in terms of both layer segmentation accuracy and cross-B-scan 3D continuity, thus offering more clinical values than previous works.
description: Presented at MICCAI 2021
A Housing Submarket Approach to Neighborhood Revitalization Planning: Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Justifications
Creators: name: Bates, Lisa K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Many urban revitalization programs focus policy resources on spatially defined target neighborhoods. The impacts of these programs can include direct effects in the neighborhood chosen for intervention and spillover effects in other neighborhoods. These unintended and sometimes unpredicted effects may be positive or negative. This dissertation argues that without analyzing the urban spatial structure as a set of inter-related housing submarkets, planners will not be able to adequately predict and evaluate the effects of revitalization policy. In doing so, the research investigates the theorized nature of neighborhoods, discussing this socio-cultural geography in light of the theorized nature of the housing market in space. The empirical investigation, a case study of Philadelphia, defines spatial housing submarkets as distinct market segments based on housing quality. These submarkets are compared with first the housing market implied by the theories of Alonso-Mills-Muth and Tiebout, and second with the defined policy neighborhoods. The city and metropolitan area of Philadelphia are found to be highly heterogeneous in housing types, with no uniform pattern predicted by theory. Additionally, policy target neighborhoods are often comprised of different submarkets, leading to confusion in policy targeting. This research suggests that urban planners should consider the geography of housing submarkets in developing revitalization policies in order to choose appropriate geographic targets and to predict the spatial extent of market responses.
The Effect of Knowledge of Concussion and Aggression on Head Impact Biomechanics in Youth Male and Female Ice Hockey Players
Creators: name: Pierce, Alice Frances
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of safe play knowledge and level of aggression on head impact biomechanics across ice hockey players. Forty-one youth ice hockey players, 29 males and 12 females, participated in this study. The Safe Play Questionnaire (SPQ) and the Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale (CAAS) were administered at the mid-point of the season. Aggressive penalty minutes were recorded throughout the season. Helmets were equipped with accelerometer systems to measure head impact biomechanics during practices and games. Impacts were compared to grouped results of the SPQ, CAAS, and aggressive penalty minutes across sexes. Less aggressive players sustained significantly less severe rotational head impacts in practice compared to games and compared to players with high aggression. Female and male hockey players do not differ in levels of knowledge of safe play or aggression. Players with low aggression sustain less severe head impacts during practice.
Machine-learning enabled thermodynamic model for the design of new rare-earth compounds
Creators: name: Singh, Prashant
name: Del Rose, Tyler
name: Vazquez, Guillermo
name: Arroyave, Raymundo
name: Mudryk, Yaroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ a descriptor based machine-learning approach to assess the effect of chemical alloying on formation-enthalpy of rare-earth intermetallics. Application of machine-learning approaches in rare-earth intermetallic design have been sparse due to limited availability of reliable datasets. In this work, we developed an `in-house' rare-earth database with more than 600$+$ compounds, each entry was populated with formation enthalpy and related atomic features using high-throughput density-functional theory (DFT). The SISSO (sure independence screening and sparsifying operator) based machine-learning method with meaningful atomic features was used for training and testing the formation enthalpies of rare earth compounds. The complex lattice function coupled with the machine-learning model was used to explore the effect of transition metal alloying on the energy stability of Ce based cubic Laves phases (MgCu$_{2}$ type). The SISSO predictions show good agreement with high-fidelity DFT calculations and X$-$ray powder diffraction measurements. Our study provides quantitative guidance for compositional considerations within a machine-learning model and discovering new metastable materials. The electronic-structure of Ce$-$Fe$-$Cu based compound was also analyzed in$-$depth to understand the electronic origin of phase stability. The interpretable analytical models in combination with density$-$functional theory and experiments provide a fast and reliable design guide for discovering technologically useful materials.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures
Supervising Designated Safeguarding Leads in schools: focus on child sexual abuse
Creators: name: Stokes, Lucy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This evaluation aims to establish the impact of providing a supervising social worker to provide supervision to Designated Safeguarding Leads (DSLs) in primary and secondary schools, with a specific focus on identifying and responding to potential child sexual abuse (CSA). The evaluation comprises a randomised controlled trial, along with an implementation and process evaluation, and analysis of costs.
Nuclear binding near a quantum phase transition
Creators: name: Elhatisari, Serdar
name: Li, Ning
name: Rokash, Alexander
name: Alarcón, Jose Manuel
name: Du, Dechuan
name: Klein, Nico
name: Lu, Bing-nan
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
name: Epelbaum, Evgeny
name: Krebs, Hermann
name: Lähde, Timo A.
name: Lee, Dean
name: Rupak, Gautam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How do protons and neutrons bind to form nuclei? This is the central question of ab initio nuclear structure theory. While the answer may seem as simple as the fact that nuclear forces are attractive, the full story is more complex and interesting. In this work we present numerical evidence from ab initio lattice simulations showing that nature is near a quantum phase transition, a zero-temperature transition driven by quantum fluctuations. Using lattice effective field theory, we perform Monte Carlo simulations for systems with up to twenty nucleons. For even and equal numbers of protons and neutrons, we discover a first-order transition at zero temperature from a Bose-condensed gas of alpha particles (4He nuclei) to a nuclear liquid. Whether one has an alpha-particle gas or nuclear liquid is determined by the strength of the alpha-alpha interactions, and we show that the alpha-alpha interactions depend on the strength and locality of the nucleon-nucleon interactions. This insight should be useful in improving calculations of nuclear structure and important astrophysical reactions involving alpha capture on nuclei. Our findings also provide a tool to probe the structure of alpha cluster states such as the Hoyle state responsible for the production of carbon in red giant stars and point to a connection between nuclear states and the universal physics of bosons at large scattering length.
description: Published version to appear in Physical Review Letters. Main: 5 pages, 3 figures. Supplemental material: 13 pages, 6 figures
Uncountably many groups of type $FP$
Creators: name: Leary, Ian J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20J05, 57M07, 20F36

description: We construct uncountably many discrete groups of type $FP$; in particular we construct groups of type $FP$ that do not embed in any finitely presented group. We compute the ordinary, $\ell^2$- and compactly-supported cohomology of these groups. For each $n\geq 4$ we construct a closed aspherical $n$-manifold that admits an uncountable family of acyclic regular coverings with non-isomorphic covering groups.
description: Second version 35 pages. Minor improvements to exposition, removal of misprints etc. Third version also 35 pages, one reference added, more misprints removed. Fourth version identical to third version, except that the Theorem numbering is now by Section
More than meets the mouth: an exploration of mealtime meanings for toddlers in a childcare setting
Creators: name: Wallace, Kristin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Engagement in occupation and the experienced meaning of that occupation are interdependent and mutually transforming (Hasselkus, 2002). Therefore, changes in meaning are central to the development of occupation. However, few studies explore the occupational meanings experienced by young children. This observational study, set in a childcare center, explores the meaning of mealtime occupations of toddlers (age 13 to 24 months). A phenomenological method was used to identify and describe the various meanings of mealtime as experienced by toddlers. Five occupational meanings emerged from the data: satiating hunger, enjoying, adults as guides, being similar, and violation of expectations. Each of these meanings is discussed in terms of its impact on occupation both generally and in regards to learning to use the spoon. Finally, these meanings are discussed in terms of the Processes Transforming Occupation (PTO) model; considering the model's relevance to independent observations of occupational meaning.
750 GeV diphoton resonance in a visible heavy QCD axion model
Creators: name: Chiang, Cheng-Wei
name: Fukuda, Hajime
name: Ibe, Masahiro
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we revisit a visible heavy QCD axion model in light of the recent reports on the $750$ GeV diphoton resonance by the ATLAS and CMS experiments. In this model, the axion is made heavy with the help of the mirror copied sector of the Standard Model while the successful Peccei-Quinn mechanism is kept intact. We identify the $750$ GeV resonance as the scalar boson associated with spontaneous breaking of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry which mainly decays into a pair of the axions. We find that the mixings between the axion and $η$ and $η'$ play important roles in its decays and the resultant branching ratio into two photons. The axion decay length can be suitable for explaining the diphoton excess by the di-axion production when its decay constant $f_a \simeq 1$ TeV. We also find that our model allows multiple sets of the extra fermions without causing the domain wall problem, which is advantageous to explain the diphoton signal.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures; a computational error is corrected
Maternity care during COVID-19; a qualitative evidence synthesis of women's and maternity care providers' views and experiences (extended files)
Creators: name: Smith, Valerie
name: Flaherty, Sarah-Jane
name: Matvienko-Sikar, Karen
name: Delaney, Hannah
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Maternity care

description: Protocol extended files
Juana no estaba loca: El servicio a la política de la Corona de Castilla de la Reina Juana I (1504-1555) y la propaganda deslegitimadora de su reinado
Creators: name: Dongil y Sánchez, Miguel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Juana I, queen, crown, Castile, blurb, madness.

description: The presentation focuses on exposing the biography of Queen Juana I of Castilla and the vicissitudes that she had to go through to be able to enforce the political project of her mother (Queen Isabel of Castilla) against the pressures of her husband Felipe el Hermoso and his Father Ferdinand of Aragon. Despite this, her propaganda against her person, in her time, branded her as a lunatic and that image has lived on in popular culture to the present day.
Untersuchungen zu Störungen von Lungenfunktion, Gasaustausch und kardiopulmonaler Leistungsfähigkeit bei Langzeitüberlebenden nach Lebertransplantation
Creators: name: Walldorf, Klaus
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Lebertransplantation
subject: Lungenfunktion
subject: Diffusion
subject: kardiopulmonale Belastbarkeit
subject: liver transplantation
subject: pulmonary function
subject: diffusion
subject: cardiopulmonary exercise
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: 33 Medizin

description: Einleitung: Bei Langzeitüberlebenden nach OLT findet sich eine Reduktion der Diffusionskapazität ohne Veränderungen des Lungeninterstitiums (nachweisbar in der high resolution Computertomographie HR-CT) und eine Reduktion der Muskelmasse. Wir untersuchten daher den Pathomechanismus der Diffusionsstörung, den zeitlichen Verlauf der Diffusionskapazität und die Auswirkungen der Lungen- und Atemfunktion auf die kardiopulmonale Belastbarkeit. Methoden: Bei 38 Lebertransplantierten (67.7 Mon. nach OLT) wurden Diffusionskapazität, Membranfaktor, Kapillarvolumen, Atemantrieb, maximaler inspiratorischer Druck (PImax), die maximale O2-Aufnahme (VO2max) und Atemeffizienz bestimmt und ein HR-CT der Lunge sowie eine Echokardiographie durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Diffusionsstörungen bestanden bei 21% der Patienten. Der Diffusionskoeffizient war gegenüber der Voruntersuchung um 4% angestiegen 4% (p
description: Introduction: In long-term survivors after OLT, a reduction of the diffusion capacity (TLCO) may be noticed in absence of interstitial pulmonary changes (as observed in high resolution computertomography HR-CT). Also a diminution of the body muscle mass may be seen together with an increase in body fat mass. We tried to identify the origin of the pulmonary diffusion impairment as an alteration of the membrane factor or the capillary volume. We analysed the progression of the impairment in the course time and the effects of cardiac and respiratory function on VO2max. Methods: In 38 patients (67.7 month after OLT) we determined TLCO, membrane factor, capillary volume, ventilatory drive, maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximal O2-uptake on exercise and breathing efficiency. Also HR-CT and echocardiography have been performed. Results: Diffusion impairment has been found in 21% of the patients. In the course of 3 years the diffusion coefficient has increased by 4% (p
From Forgotten to Remembered: The Long Process of School Desegregation in Chapel Hill, North Carolina and Prince Edward County, Virginia
Creators: name: Waugh, Dwana
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2012

description: This dissertation chronicles the history of two black high schools in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and Prince Edward County, Virginia, during the desegregation process. Both local communities represent important case studies for examining the long and complicated history of school desegregation. While Chapel Hill school officials' reluctant compliance to school desegregation resulted in few black students in predominately white schools a decade after the Brown ruling, Prince Edward County leaders' defiant refusal to accept any desegregation of the public schools resulted in wide-scale closure of the school system for five years. In the late 1960s, the two school systems caved in to pressure from the local public and the federal government to desegregate their public schools in appreciable numbers. In the ensuing years, the process of desegregation culminated in shutting down black schools or erasing the heritage and traditions of black schools in Chapel Hill and Prince Edward County. By the late twentieth century, blacks demanded their local communities preserve the legacies of their closed black high schools. Using oral histories and archival sources, I examine how people's memories of desegregation reveal the dynamics of power and race in their local communities. Through interrogating black schoolhouses as "sites of memory," my dissertation argues that southern blacks' activism is both representative of a constant set of racial negotiations over educational power and control and symbolic of a larger movement for racial equity and social justice. The process of school desegregation offered blacks a new language in which to articulate their resistance to inequitable social structures. The commemorative process of refashioning black schools, once sites of black protest and community loss, provides blacks a way in which to ground their frustrations with the contemporary school system and carve out public space in their communities.
Information and semimartingales
Creators: name: Ankirchner, Stefan
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Filtrationsvergrößerungen
subject: Semimartingale
subject: Nutzenmaximierung
subject: gemeinsame Information
subject: enlargement of filtrations
subject: semimartingale
subject: utility maximisation
subject: mutual information
subject: 510 Mathematik
subject: 27 Mathematik

description: Die stochastische Analysis gibt Methoden zur Erfassung und Beschreibung von zufälligen numerischen Prozessen an die Hand. Die Beschreibungen hängen dabei sehr stark von der Informationsstruktur ab, die den Prozessen in Gestalt von Filtrationen zugrunde gelegt wird. Der 1. Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt davon, wie sich ein Wechsel der Informationsstruktur auf das Erscheinungsbild eines stochastischen Prozesses auswirkt. Konkret geht es darum, wie sich eine Filtrationsvergrößerung auf die Semimartingalzerlegung eines Prozesses auswirkt. In dem 2. und 3. Teil der Arbeit wird die Rolle von Information im finanzmathematischen Nutzenkalkül untersucht. Im 2. Teil werden unter der Annahme, dass der maximale erwartete Nutzen eines Händlers beschränkt ist, qualitative Erkenntnisse über den Preisprozess hergeleitet. Es wird gezeigt, dass endlicher Nutzen einige strukturelle Implikationen für die intrinsische Sichtweise hat. Im 3. Teil wird quantitativ untersucht, wie sich Information auf den Nutzen auswirkt. Aus extrinsischer Sicht werden Händler mit unterschiedlichem Wissen verglichen. Falls die Präferenzen durch die logarithmische Nutzenfunktion beschrieben werden, stimmt der Nutzenzuwachs mit der gemeinsamen Information zwischen dem zusätzlichen Wissen und dem ursprünglichen Wissen überein, wobei `gemeinsame Information' im Sinne der Informationstheorie verstanden wird.
description: Stochastic Analysis provides methods to describe random numerical processes. The descriptions depend strongly on the underlying information structure, which is represented in terms of filtrations. The first part of this thesis deals with impacts of changes in the information structure on the appearance of a stochastic process. More precisely, it analyses the consequences of a filtration enlargement on the semimartingale decomposition of the process. The second and third part discuss the role of information in financial utility calculus. The second part is of a qualitative nature: It deals with implications of the assumption that the maximal expected utility of an investor is bounded. It is shown that finite utility implies some structure properties of the price process viewed from the intrinsic perspective. The third part is of a quantitative nature: It analyzes the impact of information on utility. From an extrinsic point of view traders with different knowledge are compared. If the preferences of the investor are described by the logarithmic utility function, then the utility increment coincides with the mutual information between the additional knowledge and the original knowledge.
Unitary-Scaling Decomposition and Dissipative Behaviour in Finite-Dimensional Linblad Dynamics
Creators: name: Sakuldee, Fattah
name: Suwanna, Sujin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate a decomposition of a unital Lindblad dynamical map of an open quantum system into two distinct types of mapping on the Hilbert-Schmidt space of quantum states. One component of the decomposed map corresponds to reversible behaviours, while the other to irreversible characteristics. For a finite dimensional system, we employ real vectors or Bloch representations and express a dynamical map on the state space as a real matrix acting on the representation. It is found that rotation and scaling transformations on the real vector space, obtained from the real-polar decomposition, form building blocks for the dynamical map. Consequently, the change of the linear entropy or purity, which indicates dissipative behaviours, depends only on the scaling part of the dynamical matrix. The rate of change of the entropy depends on the structure of the scaling part of the dynamical matrix, such as eigensubspace partitioning, and its relationship with the initial state. In particular, the linear entropy is expressed as a weighted sum of the exponential-decay functions in each scaling component, where the weight is equal to $\vert\vec{x}_k(ρ)\vert^2$ of the initial state $ρ$ in the subspace. The dissipative behaviours and the partition of eigensubspaces in the decomposition are discussed and illustrated for qubit systems.
Kazakhstan and the 2010 chairmanship of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe: progress toward democracy?
Creators: name: Mot, Ana Maria Manuela
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: The association of Kazakhstan to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), a regional organization with a strong human rights component, could not induce the oil-rich Central Asian country, long since criticized for its poor human rights record, to change its behavior toward sustainable democratic progress. For Kazakhstan, the 2010 chairmanship of the OSCE represented a missed opportunity to fulfill its pledges to develop civil and political rights aimed at bringing democratic changes. There are two main reasons for this failure: on the one hand, the lack of institutional capacity of the OSCE in providing an incentive and punishment mechanism to enforce the participating states to fulfill their commitments and on the other hand a combination of external factors and internal conditions in Kazakhstan that prevent democratic development.
Almost all matroids are non-representable
Creators: name: Nelson, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that, as $n$ approaches infinity, the proportion of $n$-element matroids that are representable tends to zero.
description: Newer version contains an expanded introduction
Talkum-Pleurodese
Creators: name: Luplow, Silke
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Maligner Pleuraerguss
subject: Pleurodese
subject: Talkum
subject: Pleura
subject: malignant pleural effusions
subject: pleurodesis
subject: talc
subject: pleura
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: 33 Medizin
subject: XH 3504

description: Die Talkumpleurodese stellt ein effektives Verfahren zur Behandlung von rezidivierenden malignen Pleuraergüssen dar. Sie ist ein rein palliatives Verfahren. Das Auftreten des malignen Pleuraergusses stellt den Beginn des letzten Lebensabschnittes eines Tumorpatienten dar. Es ist verbunden mit dem Kardinalsymptom Dyspnoe. Um diese zu lindern, wird im blinden Aktionismus die operative Pleurodese angeboten. Dieses führt zu einer hohen perioperativen Mortalität. In 36 Monaten (1997-1999) wurden in unserer Klinik 115 operative Talkum-Pleurodesen durchgeführt. Die perioperative Letalität lag bei 7,8 %. Die häufigsten Primärtumoren waren Mammakarzinom (MÜL 12,4 Monate), Bronchialkarzinm (MÜL 6,2 Monate), CUP (MÜL 10,7 Monate) Ovarialkarzinom (MÜL 2,2 Monate) und Mesotheliom (MÜL 10,9 Monate). Die Patienten mit Mammakarzinom, Bronchialkarzinom und Ovarialkarzinom litten postoperativ deutlich gehäufter unter erneuter Luftnot. Es ist daher nötig, Standards festzulegen, um ein geeignetes Patientengut zu behandeln. In der Literatur finden sich eindeutige Zusammenhänge zum Karnofsky-Index des Patienten sowie zu den Laborparametern pH (kritisch
description: Talc pleurodesis is the most effective treatment für malignant pleural effusions. It is a palliative procedure. The appearance of a malignant pleural effusions marks the beginning of the last part of life of a patient with cancer. The cardinal symptom is dyspnoea. To allay, we offer surgical pleurodesis, offen in blind action. This is causing high mortality. We performed 115 thoracoscopic talc pudrages between 1997 and 1999 (36 month). The inpatient mortality was 7,8%. The most offen origins of metastatic carcinoma were Breast cancer (MS 12,4 month), Lung cancer (MS 6,2 month), Carcinoma of unknown primary (MS 10,7 month), Malignant mesothelioma (MS 10,9 month) and Ovarian cancer (MS 2,2 month). The patients with Breast-, Lung- and Ovarian cancer suffered the must from dyspnoea after pleurodesis. That''s why it is necessary, to find standards to choose suitable patients, which profit. In literature there are definite connection between Karnofsky Performance Scale of a patient, pleural fluid pH (critically
Security first: the response of the Iraqi population to counterinsurgency strategy
Creators: name: Uthlaut, David A.
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: Given the U.S. military's current engagement with insurgencies in Iraq and Afghanistan, it is possible and prudent to test the effectiveness of U.S. counterinsurgency doctrine in practice. This article tests the predictive power of access to essential services, unemployment, perceptions of improved security, insurgent attacks, and demographic characteristics upon Iraqi citizens' confidence in the counterinsurgent forces and the Iraqi insurgency. It also tests the predictive power of confidence in the various counterinsurgent and insurgent forces, as well as the aforementioned variables, upon future attacks. In the first test, survey respondents' perceptions of improved security and their ethno-sectarian community are the most consistent predictors of confidence in counterinsurgent and insurgent forces, while the rest are inconsistent or insignificant predictors. In the second test, survey responses from a specific district were insufficient to consistently predict future attacks in that same district.
Simulations of Galaxy Cluster Collisions with a Dark Plasma Component
Creators: name: Spethmann, Christian
name: Veermäe, Hardi
name: Sepp, Tiit
name: Heikinheimo, Matti
name: Deshev, Boris
name: Hektor, Andi
name: Raidal, Martti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark plasma is an intriguing form of self-interacting dark matter with an effective fluid-like behavior, which is well motivated by various theoretical particle physics models. We aim to find an explanation for an isolated mass clump in the Abell 520 system, which cannot be explained by traditional models of dark matter, but has been detected in weak lensing observations. We performed N-body smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of galaxy cluster collisions with a two component model of dark matter, which is assumed to consist of a predominant non-interacting dark matter component and a 10-40 percent mass fraction of dark plasma. The mass of a possible dark clump was calculated for each simulation in a parameter scan over the underlying model parameters. In two higher resolution simulations shock-waves and Mach cones were observed to form in the dark plasma halos. By choosing suitable simulation parameters, the observed distributions of dark matter in both the Bullet Cluster (1E 0657-558) and Abell 520 (MS 0451.5+0250) can be qualitatively reproduced.
description: 12 pages, 1 table, 6 figures now including two internal energy maps. The final version to appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Revisiting the integration hypothesis: Correlational and longitudinal meta-analyses demonstrate the limited role of acculturation for cross-cultural adaptation
Creators: name: Bierwiaczonek, Kinga
name: Kunst, Jonas
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Supplementary Material for Bierwiaczonek & Kunst (2021). Revisiting the integration hypothesis: Correlational and longitudinal meta-analyses demonstrate the limited role of acculturation for cross-cultural adaptation.