cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Improving Primary Care After Stroke (IPCAS) randomised controlled trial: protocol for a multidimensional process evaluation
Creators: name: Aquino, Maria Raisa Jessica (Ryc)
name: Mullis, Ricky
name: Kreit, Elizabeth
name: Johnson, Vicki
name: Grant, Julie
name: Lim, Lisa
name: Sutton, Stephen
name: Mant, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research methods
1506
1730
process evaluation
protocol
intervention fidelity
randomised controlled trial
stroke
primary care

description: Introduction: Primary care interventions are often multicomponent, with several targets (eg, patients and healthcare professionals). Improving Primary Care After Stroke (IPCAS) is a novel primary care-based model of long-term stroke care involving a review of stroke-related needs, a self-management programme, a direct point of contact in general practice, enhanced communication between care services, and a directory of national and local community services, currently being evaluated in a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT). Informed by Medical Research Council guidance for complex interventions and the Behaviour Change Consortium fidelity framework, this protocol outlines the process evaluation of IPCAS within this RCT. The process evaluation aimed to explore how the intervention was delivered in context and how participants engaged with the intervention. Methods and analysis: Mixed methods will be used: (1) design: intervention content will be compared with ‘usual care’; (2) training: intervention training sessions will be audio/video-recorded where feasible; (3) delivery: healthcare professional self-reports, audio recordings of intervention delivery and observations of My Life After Stroke course (10% of reviews and sessions) will be coded separately; semistructured interviews will be conducted with a purposive sample of healthcare professionals; (4) receipt and (5) enactment: where available, structured stroke review records will be analysed quantitatively; semistructured interviews will be conducted with a purposive sample of study participants. Self-reports, observations and audio/video recordings will be coded and scored using specifically developed checklists. Semistructured interviews will be analysed thematically. Data will be analysed iteratively, independent of primary endpoint analysis. Ethics and dissemination: Favourable ethical opinion was gained from Yorkshire & The Humber-Bradford Leeds NHS Research Ethics Committee (19 December 2017, 17/YH/0441). Study results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences. Trial registration number: NCT03353519; Pre-results.
title: Geodynamic modelling of the Wilson-cycle: investigating the interplay of structural and thermal inheritance
Creators: name: Erdős, Zoltán
name: Buiter, Susanne
name: Tetreault, Joya
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Many rifted margins are thought to have formed in areas that have previously experienced subduction and orogenesis. Yet, our understanding of how structural and thermal inheritance from preceding convergence affects rifting is still incomplete. We use 2D thermo-mechanical numerical models to investigate how the size of a collisional orogen affects the style of subsequent continental rifting. Our models build an orogen through subduction and collision before the onset of rifting. We focus on the deformation style of the resulting rifted margins and the degree in which inheritance is utilized.

We find that the style of extension changes with the size of the orogen. A narrow orogen produces a narrow margin on the side of the overriding plate with core-complex-style reactivation of the subduction interface while a large amount of oceanic material is preserved in the conjugate margin. In contrast, wide orogens localize rifting away from the subduction interface: the subduction interface is temporarily reactivated, but deformation quickly shifts to the thick orogenic assembly resulting in wide rifted margins. Ductile deformation in the lower crust promotes localization of simultaneously active conjugate shear-zones in the brittle crust above. Rifting in these experiments occurs within the subducting plate.

Our results demonstrate a wide range of features that can form in the presence of inherited compressional structures and emphasise the importance of taking the deformation history into account when trying to understand the evolution of continental rifting.
Being in the minority : how gender (under)representation influences children’s reasoning about group dynamics
Creators: name: Lee, Jessica Jeeyoon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The imbalanced representation of gender in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) disciplines functions as a barrier for women and gender equality. Prior research has identified stereotypes about gender roles, status, ability, and belongingness as some factors that hinder many STEM fields from reaching gender parity. In particular, women are perceived to be less agentic, to pursue lower-status occupations, and to lack brilliance and ability to succeed in STEM. Subsequently, women feel a lower sense of belonging than their male peers as underrepresented members. While these factors perpetuate the consequences of gender imbalance in these domains, there is also evidence of the early acquisition of gender stereotypes surrounding STEM abilities and interests in childhood. Specifically, children around age 6 make judgments about girls’ intellectual abilities and interests that are reflected in many gender-imbalanced domains. As a result, girls are discouraged from pursuing and engaging in STEM from a young age, which ultimately contribute to the pipeline problem. Nonetheless, it remains an open question whether children make similar inferences about other non-stereotyped domains. Therefore, I examine whether the gender (under)representation of groups shapes children’s inferences about the ability, inclusion, and social fit of minority members, even in STEM-neutral contexts. I also investigate whether the gender composition of groups influence how children reason about leadership. The findings suggest that 5-11-year-old children consider gender representation in groups to infer about the minority targets’ sense of belonging, to rectify gender disparity in groups, and to make leadership judgments. Taken together, this provides some initial evidence that children are sensitive to the social consequences of minority (and majority) status in groups.
Delivery of community-centred public mental health interventions in diverse areas in England: a mapping study protocol
Creators: name: Duncan, Fiona H
name: McGrath, Mike
name: Baskin, Cleo
name: Osborn, David
name: Dykxhoorn, Jen
name: Kaner, Eileen F S
name: Gnani, Shamini
name: LaFortune, Louise
name: Lee, Caroline
name: Walters, Kate R
name: Kirkbride, James
name: Fischer, Laura
name: Jones, Oli
name: Pinfold, Vanessa
name: Stansfield, Jude
name: Oliver, Emily J
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Public health
1506
1724
public health
mental health
health policy
adult psychiatry

description: Background: Public mental health (PMH) is a global challenge and a UK priority area for action. However, to progress, practitioners require a stronger evidence base regarding the effectiveness of approaches, particularly regarding promotion and prevention through community-centred interventions. In addition, policy-makers need to understand what is being delivered, particularly in areas of high need, to identify promising practices or gaps in PMH provision. Finally, and importantly, the public need better information regarding what approaches and services are available to them. We report a protocol designed to (1) identify the types of community-centred interventions used in purposively selected diverse geographical areas of England to improve PMH outcomes and (2) describe the type, target population, content and outcome measures of each intervention. Methods and analysis: Five local authority areas of England were selected based on either high social deprivation or differing ethnic population statistics and geographical locations. Community-centred interventions in each area will be identified through: (1) desk-based data capture from standardised searches of publicly-available information (eg, policy, strategy and intervention advertising), (2) established professional networks and service contacts, (3) chain-referral sampling of individuals involved in local mental health promotion and prevention and (4) peer researchers, who will use their personal experience and local knowledge to help identify potentially relevant organisations. Data on the key features of the interventions will be extracted from individuals either by structured interviews or by electronic questionnaires with information regarding the intervention(s) of which they have knowledge. Initial data analysis will involve tabulating descriptive information and grouping interventions according to intervention type, target population, risk/protective factor and intended primary outcome. A descriptive comparison will be made between selected geographical areas. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval was obtained from Durham University’s Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Ethics Committee. We plan to disseminate our findings at relevant conferences, meetings and through peer-reviewed journals. We also plan to disseminate to the public and intervention providers through social media and/or newsletters.
title: Can REE-enriched carbonatites be mapped from space?
Creators: name: Kopackova-Strnadova, Veronika
name: Giebel, R. Johannes
name: Rapprich, Vladislav
name: Magna, Tomas
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Rare Earth elements (REE) belong to the most strategic materials of the 21st century with steadily growing economic importance. PRISMA, the hyperspectral satellite data, is used for the very first time to test its capability of detecting REE contents from space using distinct subtle diagnostic spectral absorption features of REE. The PRISMA hyperspectral sensor acquired 234 spectral bands over VNIR/SWIR optical regions (400–2500 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum at a spatial resolution of 30 m and a spectral resolution ranging from 11 to 15 nm. The carbonatite occurences within the Ondoto area in North Namibia were selected as the test site. To detect the REE-related diagnostic spectral absorption parameters (absorption wavelength position and depth) the in-house toolbox (QUANTools) developed at the Czech Geological Survey was tested and four absorption features placed within 700–900 nm range were found to correlate with the carbonatites containing high loads of REE. As a result, three perspective carbonatite areas were identified as the most promising, with one site validated using the laboratory geochemical data from collected samples. The results showed a good correlation between the high REE loads mapped using PRISMA data and the ground truth data highlighting the future potential of state-of-the-art satellite hyperspectral data to explore REE deposits using contactless Earth Observation data and methods.

Funded by the Czech Science Foundation project 19-29124X.
Gastric residual volume measurement in British neonatal intensive care units: a survey of practice
Creators: name: Dorling, Jon
name: Tume, Lyvonne
name: Arch, Barbara
name: Woolfall, Kerry
name: Latten, Lynne
name: Roper, Louise
name: Deja, Elizabeth
name: Pathan, Nazima
name: Eccleson, Helen
name: Hickey, Helen
name: Brown, Michaela
name: Beissel, Anne
name: Andrzejewska, Izabela
name: Valla, Frederic
name: Gale, Chris
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neonatology
1506
measurement
neonatology
gastroenterology

description: Objective: Despite little evidence, the practice of routine gastric residual volume (GRV) measurement to guide enteral feeding in neonatal units is widespread. Due to increased interest in this practice, and to examine trial feasibility, we aimed to determine enteral feeding and GRV measurement practices in British neonatal units. Design and setting: An online survey was distributed via email to all neonatal units and networks in England, Scotland and Wales. A clinical nurse, senior doctor and dietitian were invited to collaboratively complete the survey and submit a copy of relevant guidelines. Results: 95/184 (51.6%) approached units completed the survey, 81/95 (85.3%) reported having feeding guidelines and 28 guidelines were submitted for review. The majority of units used intermittent (90/95) gastric feeds as their primary feeding method. 42/95 units reported specific guidance for measuring and interpreting GRV. 20/90 units measured GRV before every feed, 39/90 at regular time intervals (most commonly four to six hourly 35/39) and 26/90 when felt to be clinically indicated. Most units reported uncertainty on the utility of aspirate volume for guiding feeding decisions; 13/90 reported that aspirate volume affected decisions ‘very much’. In contrast, aspirate colour was reported to affect decisions ‘very much’ by 37/90 of responding units. Almost half, 44/90, routinely returned aspirates to the stomach. Conclusions: Routine GRV measurement is part of standard practice in British neonatal units, although there was inconsistency in how frequently to measure or how to interpret the aspirate. Volume was considered less important than colour of the aspirate.
CLINICAL, GENETICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR FINDING IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Creators: name: CAMMARATA, FRANCESCO PAOLO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2015

description: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial, inflammatory and disabling degenerative joints disorder characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage, intra-articular inflammation with synovitis, and changes in peri-articular and subchondral bone. OA involves the synovial tissues and articular cartilage, resulting in symptoms that cause a decrease in the quality of life and disability. The non-modifiable risk factors include gender and age whereas the modifiable risk factors include body mass index (BMI), injury/trauma, among others. Genetic studies have opened new opportunities in the definition and classification of OA etiopathogenesis describing a multifactorial disease that originates from both genetic and environmental factors. The main genes whose mutations are associated with the onset of OA encode proteins involved in some biological processes: bone morphogenesis, thyroid metabolism, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, inflammation and the immune response and the Wnt signal cascade. To date, OA is incurable and most treatments, which include physiotherapy, life-style modifications, pharmacotherapy and surgery, aim to provide symptomatic relief rather than targeting the disease processes themselves. This work represents a multidisciplinary and translational medicine approach to study OA where clinical, radiographic, genetic and biochemical evaluation could contribute to better define the disease grading and progression for the development of new therapies.
Map #71, Site 5MT10631, Pithouse 101-102-114 and Nonstructure 113, Stratigraphic Profile
Creators: name: DeVos, Jim
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Southwestern Colorado
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2810/southwestern-colorado
subject: Southwestern US
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/84604/southwestern-us
subject: Basketmaker III
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/78/basketmaker-iii
subject: Pueblo II
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/55/pueblo-ii
subject: 5MT10631
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118036/5mt10631
subject: Mueller Little House
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118035/mueller-little-house

description: Site 5MT10631, Pithouse 101-102-114 and Nonstructure 113, Stratigraphic Profile
title: The Ellesmerian orogeny of Laurussia – A far-field effect of the late Devonian collision of Gondwana with North America
Creators: name: Kroner, Uwe
name: Stephan, Tobias
name: Nagel, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Convergent tectonics of the Ellesmerian orogeny affected Arctic Canada and Svalbard in late Devonian - early Carboniferous times. The coeval ultra-high pressure metamorphism in NE-Greenland, the formation of the Maritimes Basin in the Canadian Appalachians, and tectonic activity in the Antler orogeny (Nevada, USA), raised a controversy about whether the Ellesmerian orogeny was related to either late Caledonian plate tectonics or renewed, i.e., post-Caledonian convergence of Laurentia with the rest of Laurussia. Here, we argue that the Ellesmerian orogeny represents a far-field effect of the collision of a Gondwanan promontory with the Appalachian segment of Laurussia. This collision caused the decoupling of the North American lithosphere from Laurussia. The northward motion of this lithospheric domain relative to Laurussia explains the tectonic events along its boundaries, namely the Ellesmerian and the Antler orogenies along the frontal and the Panthalassan margins, respectively. Furthermore, it triggered the reactivation of the NE segment of the Greenland Greenland-Scandinavian Caledonides under dextral transpression causing UHP metamorphism. To the southeast, the formation of the Maritimes Basin reflects dextral transtension and associated strike-slip faults parallel to the edge of SE-Greenland. Strain compatibility requires the existence of a dextral lithospheric-scale strike-slip fault that links the tectonic structures and transects the Greenlandian part of the North American Craton. Because this proposed shear zone in SE Greenland follows small-circle trajectories of the motion of Gondwana relative to Laurussia, we interpret the southeastern edge of Greenland as a dextral transform boundary of the decoupled North American lithosphere.
Benchmarking Self-Supervised Learning for Single-Cell Data
Creators: name: Toma, Philip
name: Ovcharenko, Olga
name: Daunhawer, Imant
name: Vogt, Julia E.
name: Barkmann, Florian
name: Boeva, Valentina
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a powerful approach for learning biologically meaningful representations of single-cell data. To establish best practices in this domain, we present a comprehensive benchmark evaluating eight SSL methods across three downstream tasks and eight datasets, with various data augmentation strategies. Our results demonstrate that SimCLR and VICReg consistently outperform other methods across different tasks. Furthermore, we identify random masking as the most effective augmentation technique. This benchmark provides valuable insights into the application of SSL to single-cell data analysis, bridging the gap between SSL and single-cell biology.
description: NeurIPS 2024 Workshop: Self-Supervised Learning - Theory and Practice
title: Mineralogical evidence for Quaternary serpentinization in the New-Caledonian ophiolite: Implication for the low-temperature genesis of H2- and CH4-bearing alkaline fluids
Creators: name: Corre, Marianna
name: Brunet, Fabrice
name: Schwartz, Stéphane
name: Gautheron, Cécile
name: Agranier, Arnaud
name: Lesimple, Stéphane
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
H2-bearing fluids (pH 10 – 12) issued in alkaline springs found in several ophiolitic complexes worldwide are believed to result from the alteration of ultramafic rocks by infiltration of meteoric waters. The mineralogical fingerprint of the reactive percolation of such an alkaline fluid is revealed by veinlet mineralization occurring in the New Caledonian ophiolite (Massif du Sud). In two localities separated by ~ 15 km (Georges Pile and GR2H mines), late veins in a partially serpentinized peridotite contain magnetite crystals younger than 2 Ma as inferred from (U-Th)/He geochronometry. While the serpentinite host at Georges Pile is largely overprinted by lateritic weathering, primary parageneses are preserved at GR2H. There, magnetite occurs along with dolomite and Fe-poor lizardite as filling in millimeter sized veins cross-cutting the mesh texture of the partially serpentinized dunite. Temperature of the aqueous fluid from which the vein material precipitated is estimated to be ~95°C from in situ δ18O data on the magnetite-dolomite pair, indicating a low-temperature alteration process. Thermochemical calculation shows that this aqueous fluid was alkaline and most likely H2-bearing. Chemically, it strongly resembles waters that are issued today in H2 and CH4 – bearing (hyper)alkaline springs of the Massif du Sud. δ13C isotopic composition of dolomite is exceptionally high, between 7.1 and up to 17.3 ‰ and is interpreted as evidence for low-temperature methanogenesis.
LA COLPEVOLEZZA NEI REATI OMISSIVI PROPRI: RILIEVI CRITICI E SPUNTI DI RIFLESSIONE ALLA LUCE DELLA RECENTE GIURISPRUDENZA IN MATERIA DI REATI TRIBUTARI
Creators: name: PIAZZA, MARIKA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2017

description: Peculiarities which characterize crimes of omission, besides affecting the structure of intent and the knowledge of criminal law, also affect the probability of anomalies and borderline situations which could become considerable obstacles to the person who has to fulfil his duties. Particularly, against the economic crisis which characterizes the present historical moment, many judges have faced the theme of the serious lack of liquid assets as a circumstance which makes it ?impossible? the execution of duties: this way judges have also requalified the concept of ?conduct which can?t be required? as an element that can exclude criminal liability (condemnation and punishment) in some criminal trials concerning the omission of the payment of certificated withholding taxes, and of VAT. Throw this composition the most burning questions about crimes of omission are analysed, also in order to individuate the parameters which should be observed by the Lawgiver who represses omissions with penalties. Starting from the analysis of the structure of the crime of omission as the only one without an event, profiles of conflict with the function and limits of the so called ius criminalis are investigated; then the guilty mind and particularly the knowledge of the dutiful action in crimes of omission with a neutral typical structure are examined. Finally the category of ?conduct which can?t be required? is studied: in our legal system its difficult dogmatic position and the friction whit the principle of legality clash whit the request of respect for civil rights claimed by supporters of the existence of a general and uncodified cause of exclusion of criminal mind.
Neurosurgeons’ experiences of conducting and disseminating clinical research in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative study protocol
Creators: name: Whiffin, Charlotte J
name: Smith, Brandon G
name: Esene, Ignatius N
name: Karekezi, Claire
name: Bashford, Tom
name: Khan, Muhammad Mukhtar
name: Fontoura Solla, Davi J
name: Hutchinson, Peter J
name: Kolias, Angelos
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neurology
1506
1713
qualitative research
neurosurgery
neurological injury

description: Introduction: Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) face the greatest burden of neurotrauma. However, most of the research published in scientific journals originates from high-income countries, suggesting those in LMICs are either not engaging in research or are not publishing it. Evidence originating in high-income countries may not be generalisable to LMICs; therefore, it is important to nurture research capacity in LMICs so that a relevant evidence base can be developed. However, little is published about specific challenges or contextual issues relevant to increasing research activity of neurosurgeons in LMICs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand neurosurgeons’ experiences of, aspirations for and ability to conduct and disseminate clinical research in LMICs. Methods and analysis: This is a pragmatic qualitative study situated within the naturalistic paradigm using focus groups and interviews with a purposive sample of neurosurgeons from LMICs. First, we will conduct asynchronous online focus groups with 36 neurosurgeons to broadly explore issues relevant to the study aim. Second, we will select 20 participants for follow-up semistructured interviews to explore concepts in more depth and detail than could be achieved in the focus group. Interviews will be audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis will be conducted following Braun and Clarke’s six stages and will be supported by NVIVO software. Ethics and dissemination: The University of Cambridge Psychology Research Ethics Committee reviewed this study and provided a favourable opinion in January 2020 (REF PRE.2020.006). Participants will provide informed consent, be able to withdraw at any time and will have their contributions kept confidential. The findings of the study will be shared with relevant stakeholders and disseminated in conference presentations and journal publications.
title: On the nonexistence of a Saxo-Thuringian Ocean – a review
Creators: name: Kroner, Uwe
name: Romer, Rolf L.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
As demonstrated by the Saxo-Thuringian Ocean, some regional geological models originated prior the advent of plate tectonics and evolved little since. Despite the abundance of facts that neither prove nor need the existence of such an ocean, this plate tectonic scenario is still widely used. The Saxo-Thuringian and Moldanubian zones represent classical areas of the Central European Variscides. The Saxo-Thuringian Zone originally was defined as a narrow marine basin with Paleozoic lithologies overlying a Precambrian basement. Early mobilistic models proposed an allochthonous origin of the Münchberg Massif, representing remnants of the Moldanubian Zone, thrusted onto a southeastern ramp of the autochthonous Saxo-Thuringian Basin. With the advent of plate tectonics, the Saxo-Thuringian Zone was reinterpreted as an independent microplate that is surrounded by oceanic lithosphere. In such a view, the subduction of a so-called Saxo-Thuringian Ocean beneath a Moldanubian microplate is necessary to transport Moldanubian crust onto the autochthonous Precambrian / Paleozoic units of the Saxo-Thuringian microplate. Over the last decades abundant new geoscientific data, including the results of the continental deep drill hole (KTB), challenged the Saxo-Thuringian Ocean hypothesis. Today there exist ample evidence (i) that the allochthonous units of the Saxon Granulite Massif and the Fichtelgebirge-Erzgebirge nappe pile experienced pervasive and prolonged Variscan tectono-metamorphic overprint and do not represent an older Precambrian ramp and (ii) that early Paleozoic Saxo-Thuringian marine lithologies were deposited on a vast contiguous Peri-Gondwana shelf. Incomplete recycling of extended continental crust during prolonged Gondwana Laurussia collision can explain the geological record of the Saxo-Thuringian Zone.
GreenfieldWalkerGill_TSG2021.mp4
Creators: name: Greenfield, Catherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 40312 Structural Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Presentation at the annual Tectonics Study Group meeting in Jan 2021. Covering work undertaken as part of a Daphne Jackson Fellowship.Research into effect on Young's modulus of pore compressibility in vesicular basaltic rocks. Use of finite element modelling software, COMSOL Multiphysics, to model damage growth in porous rock using a Damage Parameter.
Human rights in Islamic Jurisprudence: why should all human beings be inviolable?
Creators: name: Şentürk, Recep
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Hanifa School of Law
Islamic Civilization
Islamic Jurisprudence
Apostasy Penalties
Human Inviolability in Islam
Human Rights
Property Rights in Islam
Religious Freedom
Religious Studies
Universal Rights

description: In the diversity of their religious communities, Muslim cities of the Middle Ages, such as Istanbul, Jerusalem, Baghdad, Samarkand, Bukhara, and Cairo, looked like the modern New York, San Francisco, Berlin, Paris, and London. In contrast, European cities during the Middle Ages were quite homogeneous, usually encompassing one predominant Christian denomination. This continued more or less until the second half of the nineteenth century. Since then Western cities have clearly turned into cosmopolitan metropolitan centers housing diverse faith and ethnic groups.
Estudio demoscópico sobre Acceso Abierto y Datos Abiertos dirigido a la comunidad académico-científica de Angola
Creators: name: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
name: Ministério Do Ensino Superior, Ciência
name: Redalyc-Universidad Autónoma Del Estado De México
name: AmeliCA
name: Universidade Óscar Ribas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Acceso Abierto
Angola
África
Datos Abiertos
Demoscopia
Comunidad académica

description: Trabajo derivado del proyecto de colaboración entre Redalyc UAEM, AmeliCA, MESCTI y U. Óscar Ribas financiado por UNESCO para el desarrollo de una estrategia de Acceso Abierto en Angola. Vol. 3 de 38
Current provision of myelopathy education in medical schools in the UK: protocol for a national medical student survey
Creators: name: Mowforth, Oliver
name: Davies, Benjamin
name: Stewart, Max
name: Smith, Sam
name: Willison, Alice
name: Ahmed, Shahzaib
name: Starkey, Michelle
name: Sadler, Iwan
name: Sarewitz, Ellen
name: Stacpoole, Sybil
name: Kotter, Mark
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neurology
1506
1713
neurosurgery
medical education & training
neurology

description: Introduction: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a common, disabling and progressive neurological condition triggered by chronic compression of the cervical spinal cord by surrounding degenerative changes. Early diagnosis and specialist management are essential to reduce disability, yet time to diagnosis is typically prolonged. Lack of sufficient representation of DCM in undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula may contribute to the poor recognition of DCM by non-specialist doctors in clinical practice. In this study, our objective, therefore, is to assess DCM teaching provision in medical schools throughout the UK and to assess the impact of teaching on the DCM knowledge of UK medical students. Methods and analysis: A 19-item questionnaire capturing data on medical student demographics, myelopathy teaching and myelopathy knowledge was designed. Ethical approval was granted by the Psychology Research Ethics Committee, University of Cambridge. An online survey was hosted on Myelopathy.org, an international myelopathy charity. Students studying at a UK medical school are eligible for inclusion. The survey is advertised nationally through university social media pages, university email bulletins and the national student network of Myelopathy.org. Advertisements are scheduled monthly over a 12-month recruitment period. Participation is incentivised by entering consenting participants of completed surveys to an Amazon voucher prize draw. Responses are anonymised using participant-chosen unique identifier codes. A participant information sheet followed by an explicit survey question captures participant informed consent. Regular updates on the progress of the study will be published on Myelopathy.org. Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Psychology Research Ethics Committee, University of Cambridge (PRE.2018.099). The findings of the study described in this protocol, and all other related work, will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at scientific conferences.
title: Analysis of the spatial distribution of low permeability layers on high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage
Creators: name: Heldt, Stefan
name: Bauer, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
High-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) is a heat storage technology utilising the subsurface, which can reduce greenhouse gas emissions in renewable-dominated heating sectors. Since the temperature difference between the surrounding groundwater and the injected water (> 50 °C) leads to density differences, HT-ATES can induce buoyancy flow. This process results in uneven heat distribution across the aquifer thickness, lower storage efficiency, and increased thermal impacts. The occurrence and intensity of buoyancy flow depends on, among others, vertical and horizontal permeability.

The proposed HT-ATES storage site in Hamburg, Germany, utilizes the Miocene Lower Braunkohlensande (brown coal sands) as the storage aquifer. This geological formation was formed in a coastal transition regime between terrestrial and shallow marine settings and is primarily composed of sands. Layers of brown coal, silt, and clay, embedded in the main storage aquifer, as identified from borehole information, were formed from peat swamps and lagoons and may impede convection due to their low permeability. The influence of these low permeability layers, also considering their lateral extension and position relative to the warm well, on induced convection and on HT-ATES efficiency and thermal impacts is examined in this work by employing a site-specific numerical HT-ATES model representing the coupled thermo-hydraulic processes.

Results show, that including even thin low permeability layers can effectively hinder temperature induced thermal convection, thus increasing thermal efficiency of a HT-ATES. The scenario simulations also show, that convection is already significantly dampened if the layers extend only up to the thermal radius.
Map #106, Site 5MT10711, Major Study Units and Excavated Areas
Creators: name: DeVos, Jim
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Southwestern Colorado
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2810/southwestern-colorado
subject: Southwestern US
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/84604/southwestern-us
subject: Basketmaker III
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/78/basketmaker-iii
subject: 5MT10711
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118032/5mt10711
subject: Ridgeline Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118031/ridgeline-site

description: Site 5MT10711, Major Study Units and Excavated Areas
Genetically raised serum bilirubin levels and lung cancer: a cohort study and Mendelian randomisation using UK Biobank
Creators: name: Horsfall, Laura Jane
name: Burgess, Stephen
name: Hall, Ian
name: Nazareth, Irwin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Lung cancer
1506
2313
lung cancer
oxidative stress
smoking cessation
tobacco and the lung

description: Background: Moderately raised serum bilirubin levels are associated with lower rates of lung cancer, particularly among smokers. It is not known whether these relationships reflect antioxidant properties or residual confounding. Objective: This study aimed to investigate potential causal relationships between serum total bilirubin and lung cancer incidence using one-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and UK Biobank. Methods: We instrumented serum total bilirubin level using two variants (rs887829 and rs4149056) that together explain ~40% of population-level variability and are linked to mild hereditary hyperbilirubinaemia. Lung cancer events occurring after recruitment were identified from national cancer registries. Observational and genetically instrumented incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and rate differences per 10 000 person-years (PYs) by smoking status were estimated. Results: We included 377 294 participants (median bilirubin 8.1 μmol/L (IQR 6.4–10.4)) and 2002 lung cancer events in the MR analysis. Each 5 μmol/L increase in observed bilirubin levels was associated with 1.2/10 000 PY decrease (95% CI 0.7 to 1.8) in lung cancer incidence. The corresponding MR estimate was a decrease of 0.8/10 000 PY (95% CI 0.1 to 1.4). The strongest associations were in current smokers where a 5 μmol/L increase in observed bilirubin levels was associated with a decrease in lung cancer incidence of 10.2/10 000 PY (95% CI 5.5 to 15.0) and an MR estimate of 6.4/10 000 PY (95% CI 1.4 to 11.5). For heavy smokers (≥20/day), the MR estimate was an incidence decrease of 23.1/10 000 PY (95% CI 7.3 to 38.9). There was no association in never smokers and no mediation by respiratory function. Conclusion: Genetically raised serum bilirubin, common across human populations, may protect people exposed to high levels of smoke oxidants against lung cancers.
Wege zu einer neuen Ph�nomenologie: Landgrebe, Fink und Patocka im Dialog.
Creators: name: FUMAGALLI, SARA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2017

description: The Ph.D. Thesis "Wege zu einer neuen Ph�nomenologie: Landgrebe, Fink und Pato?ka im Dialog? (Toward a new Phenomenology: Landgrebe, Fink and Pato?ka in Dialogue) focuses on the reflections of the three philosophers about phenomenology through the personal correspondence between Fink and Pato?ka (1933-1977) and between Pato?ka and Landgrebe (1940-1976). Their discussions identify some critical points inside Husserl?s thought ? especially concerning the phenomenological reduction ? and underline the need for phenomenology to move forward to continue his own history. From the comparison between the elements that come to light from the correspondences and the main writings of the 1930s of these philosophers, are emerging the three ways to proceed on the path of Edmund Husserl. Ludwig Landgrebe develops a new method ? ?Methode der Leitf�den? ? which enlightens the concept of experience (Erlebnis) as a keystone of the man?s self-understanding; Eugen Fink with his Phenomenology of Phenomenology radicalizes the doubt of phenomenological principles which leads to a world?s constitutive investigation; finally Jan Pato?ka theorizes an Asubjective Phenomenology which through the schematization of intentional process reaches the phenomenological understanding of existence, anticipating a historical development of the ontology of subjectivity. The three different attempts of revision have in common a non-dogmatic recover of metaphysics which allows an improvement of phenomenological philosophy without betraying its peculiar methodology to investigate the world?s phenomenon.
Fast dynamic transient solutions for three-phase PWM converters
Creators: name: Degioanni, Franco
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The ever-growing global energy demand accentuates the importance of integrating renewable energy sources into the grid. Beyond fulfilling escalating energy needs, this integration holds the potential to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. In this context, power electronics systems assume a key role in the efficient utilization of renewable energy. Particularly, the three-phase pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converter serves as the bridge that facilitates the seamless interaction between the grid, distributed re- sources, and loads. However, as power electronics systems increase in complexity, challenges emerge in terms of modeling, control design, and implementation. Overcoming these challenges necessitates ad- vancements in control design to enhance dynamic performance and optimize the efficiency of integrating renewable energy. This thesis aims to improve the understanding of the dynamic characteristics of three-phase PWM converters, and to develop novel tools for modeling, analyzing and improving their dynamic performance in grid-connected applications. By employing concepts such as normalization, state plane representation, and geometric analysis, a comprehensive large-signal model for the three-phase converter is developed. This model offers an intuitive graphical interpretation of the system’s dynamic behavior by illustrating its evolution in the state plane. Initially, the application of this framework facilitates the identification and characterization of the theoretical limits of dynamic performance. Consequently, it serves as a point of reference for control design engineers to conduct an objective assessment of the converter’s dynamic performance. Furthermore, the introduced analysis enables the development of high-performance control methods, even for challenging scenarios such as controlling active loads and bidirectional operation with wide operating range requirements. These control techniques ensure consistent large-signal behavior, fast transient responses, and low implementation requirements. In this manner, the thesis contributes to advancing power electronics modeling and control through the enhancement of the dynamic performance of three-phase converters.
INVOLVEMENT OF THE 'TRACTION MODEL' AS TGF-BETA1 ACTIVATION MECHANISM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REACTIVE FIBROSIS IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS CARDIAC FIBROBLASTS.
Creators: name: PERRUCCI, GIANLUCA LORENZO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014

description: Cardiac reactive fibrosis is a well-known pathological effect derived from arterial hypertension. TGF-? plays a key role in the progression from the inflammation state to the fibrosis process establishment. Nonetheless, only the active form of TGF-? is effective, and this occurs if it is unbound to the latency complex proteins (i.e. Latency Associated Protein, LAP and Latent TGF-? Binding Protein, LTBP. In vivo and in vitro models of different fibrosis-based pathologies (e.g. pulmonary and dermal fibrosis), have highlighted a novelty in the activation of TGF??, which occurs not only by proteolysis on latent proteins, which involves enzymes as plasmin, thrombospondin and matrix metalloproteases, but also through a non-proteolytic mechanism, defined by Keski-Oja in 2004 "Traction model". This mechanism consists in specific binding of several integrins (?V?3, ?V?6 and ?V?5), expressed by myofibroblasts, with LAP and LTBP; contraction forces exerted by myofibroblasts are able to active latent TGF-?. On the basis of the ?traction model? are an initial production of TGF-?, the conversion of fibroblast into myofibroblast, the production of ?-SMA by myofibroblast and their subsequent contractile activity, the increase in ECM production and, therefore, further TGF-? production, in a positive feedback mechanism, able to amplify the fibrotic process progression. Aims of this study are 1) the development of a more fast and efficient protocol to cardiac fibroblast extraction, 2) the evaluation of possible involvement of LTBP-1 and ?V?5 integrin in development of hypertensive-induced cardiac fibrosis and so 3) the speculation about TGF-?1 mechanical activation by traction in primary cardiac fibroblasts isolated in hypertensive rats.
TIME-DEPENDENT AND CRITICAL ROLE OF THE GPR17 RECEPTOR DURING OLIGODENDROCYTE DIFFERENTIATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW REMYELINATION STRATEGIES
Creators: name: BONFANTI, ELISABETTA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014

description: In the adult central nervous system (CNS), neural progenitor cells expressing the proteoglycan NG2 (NG2 cells, also known as Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells, OPCs) dispersed throughout the parenchyma serve as a primary source of myelinating cells in demyelinated lesions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The Gi-protein-coupled receptor GPR17, activated by both uracil nucleotides (e.g. UDP-glucose) and cysteinyl-leukotrienes (e.g. LTD4) (Ciana et al., 2006), has recently emerged as an important player in oligodendrogliogenesis (Lecca et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2009). In both brain and spinal cord, GPR17 was found on parenchymal NG2+ cells in transition from precursors to premyelinating phenotypes, whereas it is not present on mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. Previous data in cultured OPCs showed that, at early differentiation stages, GPR17 activation by endogenous ligands promotes (while inhibition by antagonists or silencing RNAs impairs) OPC differentiation (Fumagalli et al., 2011). Altogether, these data point at GPR17 as a key functional modulator of oligodendrocyte maturation. Using primary OPC cultures and OPC/DRG co-cultures, we demonstrated that: (i) GPR17 activation promotes OPC differentiation (UDP, LTD4 and LTE4) and myelination (UDP-glucose and UDP); (ii) GPR17 forced over-expression at late differentiation stages, obtained by transfecting cultured OPCs with a GFP-GPR17 fusion vector, impairs cell terminal maturation, suggesting that the receptor has a stage specific function in controlling OPC differentiation and that it needs to be down-regulated/desensitized in late immature oligodendrocytes to allow their terminal maturation; (iii) GPR17 down-regulation occurs through agonist-induced receptor phosphorylation via GRK2. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that the inhibition of the mTOR pathway by rapamycin determines a significant reduction of GRK2 levels, with parallel increases in GPR17 expression and strong impairment of OPC maturation. Globally, these data suggest that dysregulation of these pathways leading to aberrant GPR17 over-expression may prematurely block OPC maturation at a pre-immature stage. Altogether these experiments shed light on the mechanisms underlying GPR17 physiological regulation that can be exploited for the development of new pharmacological and biotechnological strategies to promote/implement the reparative potential of the OPC precursors, that are still present in the adult brain.
title: Changes in precipitation during the last 420 kyr in northern Central America as recorded by Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala
Creators: name: Martinez-Abarca, Rodrigo
name: Perez, Liseth
name: Bauersachs, Thorsten
name: Correa-Metrio, Alex
name: Kutterolf, Steffen
name: Schenk, Frederik
name: Schwalb, Antje
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala, is one of the oldest lakes in northern Central America. Its sedimentary record contains the signal in precipitation variability of the last four interglacial-glacial cycles (420-14 cal ka BP). Changes in rainfall during the last 80 kyr have been widely described in the lake’s record and associated with shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Atlantic Meridional Oceanic Circulation (AMOC). However, there is limited knowledge regarding the hydrological responses of Petén Itzá prior to this time interval due to a poorly constrained chronology. Here, we provide a significantly improved chronology allowing a more detailed analysis of changes in runoff, evaporation, and vegetation throughout the last 420 kyr. Magnetic susceptibility, bulk density, elemental geochemistry and pollen data indicate that glacial periods were characterized by dry conditions, generally associated with low runoff, high evaporation and temperate environments. On the contrary, interglacial periods suggest wetter conditions with high runoff, low evaporation and dominance of tropical vegetation. Our results are consistent with other paleo-precipitation records in the region, such as the marine records ODP 1239 from the eastern equatorial Pacific and the ODP 1002 from Cariaco Basin, suggesting that the runoff variability at Petén Itzá may be associated with the long-term latitudinal migration of the ITCZ. Frequency analyses of our data show the presence of 100, 40 and 21 kyr periodicities and thus an orbital control. Our study serves as a first reference point in the transregional study of the late Quaternary climate in northern Central America.