Chorosoma macilentum Stal 1858
Creators: name: Rédei, Dávid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Rhopalidae
Chorosoma
Chorosoma macilentum

description: Chorosoma macilentum Stål, 1858
(Figs. 11–14)
Chorosoma macilentum Stål, 1858: 179. Lectotype (Göllner-Scheiding 1983: 119, by use of “ Holotypus ”): ♀, Russia, Irkutsk; NHRS.
Chorosoma brevicolle Hsiao, 1964: 253, 260. Holotype: ♂, China, Sinkiang [= Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region], Turpan; NKUM! Synonymized by Martynova (1975: 81) and Nonnaizab (1986: 293) (both suspected). Confirmed subjective synonym.
Chorosoma schillingi (non Schilling, 1829): Kerzhner (1973: 80). Misidentification.
Chorosoma macilentum: Reuter (1900: 280) (type material, redescription), Stichel (1961: 722) (catalogue, distribution), Stichel (1962: 202) (catalogue, distribution), Hsiao (1964: 254, 260) (comparison with brevicolle), Josifov (1968: 255) (diagnostic characters, figure), Kiritshenko & Kerzhner (1972: 397) (records, distribution, host plants), Martynova (1975: 80) (in key, figures, distribution, bionomics), Kiritshenko & Kerzhner (1976: 96) (records), Linnavuori (1976: 95) (in key, distribution), Göllner-Scheiding (1983: 119) (catalogue, distribution, bibliography), Nonnaizab (1986: 292) (redescription, figures, host plants, distribution), Liu et al. (1994: 107) (listed, distribution), Liu et al. (1997: 101) (host plants), Nonnaizab (1999: 75) (host plants, distribution), Dolling (2006: 25) (catalogue, distribution), Li et al. (2007: 31) (record), Schwartz et al. (2008: 347) (listed), Vinokurov et al. (2010: 220) (catalogue, distribution).
Chorosoma mgcilentum [incorrect subsequent spelling]: Liu & Nonnaizab (1985: 30) (records).
Chrorosoma [incorrect subsequent spelling] macilentum: Hua (2000: 184) (distribution).
Chorosoma brevicolle: Hsiao (1965a: 61, 63) (in key, figure, redescription, records), Martynova (1975: 81) (identity), Hsiao (1977: 268) (redescription, photo, figures, distribution), Li (1981: 97) (listed, distribution), Göllner-Scheiding (1983: 119) (catalogue, distribution, bibliography), Nonnaizab (1986: 293) (status), Ma et al. (1991: 128) (records), Yang et al. (1991: 26) (type material), Wang et al. (1992: 31) (records), Dolling (2006: 24) (catalogue, distribution), Li et al. (2007: 31) (record), Schwartz et al. (2008: 347) (identity).
Chorosoma bervicolle [incorrect subsequent spelling]: Yin (1985: 138) (redescription, habitus, host plants, phenology, economic importance, distribution).
Chorosma [incorrect subsequent spelling] brevicolle: Zhang (1987: 2) (records).
Chrorosoma [incorrect subsequent spelling] brevicola [incorrect subsequent spelling]: Hua (2000: 184) (distribution, host plant).
Type material examined. Chorosoma brevicolle. Holotype: ♂, “<Xinjiang (Ningxi)> \ <Chabucha’er [= Chinese name of Qapqal = Chapchal]> \ <Chinese Academy of Sciences>” [ch, pr, with pr horizontal line between lines 2 and 3], “<Ma Shijun> 1955 \ <Xia Kailing> \ <Chen Yonglin> [ch] VIII 28 [hw]”, “ Chorosoma [hw] \ brevicolle [hw] \ HSIAO [hw] \ <holotype Hsiao Tsaiyu identified> [ch, pr] 19 [pr]” [red, with pr black frame]; pinned, right hind leg and tibia and tarsus of left middle leg lacking (NKUM) (Figs. 11–14). Allotype: ♀, [with a label as the second locality label of the holotype, originally probably with two labels but the first label now lost], [with an allotype label analogous with the holotype label of the holotype] (NKUM). Paratypes: [with two locality labels as the holotype], “ PARATYPE [pr] \ Chorosoma [hw] \ brevicolle [hw] \ HSIAO [hw]” [yellow] (1 ♀ NKUM), “Sinan fou \ 4.VIII.16 ” [hw], “ PARATYPE ” [yellow, pr] (1 specimen lacking abdomen, NKUM).
Additional specimens examined. CHINA. Xinjiang: Kaba (= Habahe) County, Tiereketi Xiang, 13.viii.1975 (1 ♂ 1 ♀ NKUM), same but 14.viii.1975 (6 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ NKUM), Usu (= Wusu), 400 m, 25.vi.1957, leg. G. Wang (1 ♀ IZAS); Inner Mongolia: Hohhot, Mt. Daqing, 22.ix.1991 (5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ NKUM), Abag Banner, Ana [unlocated], 23.vii.1971 (1 ♂ IZAS), Xilingol League, viii.1974, leg. Z.M. Jiang (3 ♂♂ NKUM), Xilinhot, 23.vii.1971 (1 ♀ IZAS), same but 28.vii.1971 (1 ♀ IZAS), same locality, 26.vii.1971, airport (1 ex. lacking abdomen, IZAS), Xilingol League, Abahanaer Banner [now Xilinhot], 23.vii.1972 (6 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ IZAS), East Ujimqin Banner, 18.viii.1971 (1 ♀ IZAS), same but 19.viii.1971 (4 ♀♀ IZAS), East Ujimqin Banner, nursery, 23.vii.1972 (1 ♂ IZAS), West Ujimqin Banner, 1.viii.1971, forest (1 ♀ IZAS), Harqin Banner, Longshan Xiang, 208 m, 3.viii.2012, leg. W.B. Yi & J. L. Xue (5 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ NKUM), Arxan (= Aershan), 13–14.viii.2014, swept, leg. W.T. Yang (1 ♂ NMNS), Evenk Autonomous Banner, 2.viii. [19]81, leg. [L.Y.] Zheng (5 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ NKUM), same but leg. [S.Z.] Ren (3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ NKUM), Hailar Distr., 24.vii.1981, leg. [H.G.] Zou (1 ♀ NKUM), same but leg. L.Y. Zheng (1 ♂ 1 ♀ NKUM), same but 25.vii.1981, leg. [H.G.] Zou (1 ♀ NKUM), same but 29.vii.1981, leg. [H.G.] Zou (1 ♂ NKUM), same but 1.viii.1981, leg. [H.G.] Zou (4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ NKUM), same but 1.viii.1981, leg. [L.Y.] Zheng (1 ♂ NKUM), same but 4.viii.1981, leg. [H.G.] Zou (1 ♀ NKUM); Hebei: Hebei: Qinglong [Manchu Autonomous County], Zushan Township, 5.viii.2012, leg. W.B. Yi & J. L. Xue (1 ♀ NKUM); Shanxi: Houma, 14.ix.1974 (1 ♂ 1 ♀ NKUM); Shaanxi: Yanwu, 5.vi.1951, leg. I. Chou (1 ♂ NKUM).
Discussion. The genus Chorosoma Curtis, 1830, occurs in the Palaearctic, Nearctic, and Afrotropical Regions. The Palaearctic fauna contains four recognized species (Josifov 1968, Martynova 1975, Linnavuori 1976), whilst a fifth species, Ch. brevicolle, currently of doubtful identity, was described based on a holotype and an allotype from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, and an unspecified number of paratypes from Xinjiang as well as from Shaanxi and Shanxi Provinces of China (Hsiao 1964). Based on the original description Martynova (1975) suspected that it was identical with Ch. macilentum, but having had no access to the type material, and also having taken into consideration that other species (Ch. gracile, Ch. schillingii) might occurred in the type locality, she did not propose a formal synonymy. Nonnaizab (1986) claimed that based on the genitalia of the male Ch. brevicolle might either be conspecific with or possibly represents a subspecies of Ch. macilentum. Putshkov (1986) listed the species as a questionable junior synonym of Ch. macilentum.
The original description (Hsiao 1964) and Yang et al. (1991) indicated that the holotype and the allotype were preserved in IZAS, however, they apparently have never been deposited there; currently they are in NKUM and, together with two paratypes, they were re-examined during the present study. Based on the works of Josifov (1968), Martynova (1975), Linnavuori (1976), and Putshkov (1986), and comparison with several non-types from Krasnoyarsk Krai (Minusinsk) and the Amur Region of Russia and from various localities of Mongolia (Central [= Töv] aimag: Bajanzogt [= Bayantsogt], Lun [= Lün]; Chövsgöl [= Khövsgöl] aimag: Mörön, Burenchaan [= Burenkhaan], Tosoncengel [= Tosontsengel]; Bulgan aimag: Chutag [= Khutag]), deposited in the HNHM, it was concluded that the skeletal morphology of the type material of Ch. brevicolle matches Ch. macilentum in all respect. The genitalia also do not differ from those of Ch. macilentum: in ventral view, in situ, the exposed portion of the paramere is elongate, its lateral margin is strongly concave, abruptly angulate near its base (Fig. 13), in lateral view tips of the paired finger-like lateral processes only slightly surpass the posterior margin of the paired broad, flattened dorsolateral processes (as in Martynova 1975: 81, fig. 6, bottom). On the contrary of the idea of Nonnaizab (1986), I see no reason for maintaining Ch. brevicolle as a subspecies of Ch. macilentum. As a conclusion, the subjective synonymy of the two species, suspected by Martynova (1975), Nonnaizab (1986) and Putshkov (1986), is hereby confirmed.
Distribution. This species is restricted to the temperate grassland, semidesert and desert steppe vegetation of Mongolia and the neighbouring areas of southern Siberia, eastern Kazakhstan, and northern China. A distribution map was presented by Putshkov (1986: 112, fig. 61). In China it occurs in the steppic areas of the Zhungarian Basin, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia; its distribution might be summarized as follows: Xinjiang!; Inner Mongolia: Hohhot!, Abag Banner!, Xilingol League!, East and West Ujumqin Banners!, Harqin Banner!, Evenk Autonomous Banner!, several additional localities (Nonnaizab 1986); Hebei!; Shanxi!; Shaanxi!; Gansu: several localities (Zhang 1987, Wang et al. 1992).
description: Published as part of Rédei, Dávid, 2018, A review of the species of the tribe Chorosomatini of China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhopalidae), pp. 308-328 in Zootaxa 4524 (3) on pages 313-315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2610569