cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Variability of the penetration of particles through facemasks
Creators: name: Pushpawela, Buddhi
name: Amanatidis, Stavros
name: Huang, Yuanlong
name: Flagan, Richard C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: COVID-19 is transmitted, at least in part, by airborne particles emitted by infected individuals. Wearing masks is one of the key actions that are required to prevent spreading COVID-19. To understand the variability in the performance, we evaluated the material performance of the whole mask, as manufactured, in terms of the penetration of particles, comfort and the quality factor of multiple copies of 29 different types. All masks were mounted to prevent leakage around the edges so the mask material and manufacture was tested, but the effects of the fit were not considered. The results of this study thus represent the upper bound of the performance of facemasks since leakage around the edges due to poor fit often overwhelms filtration through the mask material. The tests were performed at a steady flow rate of 30 L/min; mean values of the performance parameters were calculated for two different sizes; 0.12 µm and 0.3 µm. Of the masks tested, for 0.12 µm particles, N95 face filtering respirators consistently had the lowest peak penetration 1.7 ± 0.5%, while KN95 masks allowed 3.7 ± 2.6% penetration. In contrast, penetration through pleated procedure masks was 14.7 ± 16.9% due to one outlier - with that outlier removed, penetration decreased to 7.1 ± 4.3%; cloth masks allowed 26.4 ± 9.3% penetration. Tests on multiple copies of different masks demonstrated consistent performance of N95s, but considerably greater variability within the other classes of masks tested, leading to uncertainty in the degree of protection that they would provide. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
Recent progress on correlated electron systems with strong spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Schaffer, Robert
name: Lee, Eric Kin-Ho
name: Yang, Bohm-Jung
name: Kim, Yong Baek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emergence of novel quantum ground states in correlated electron systems with strong spin-orbit coupling has been a recent subject of intensive studies. While it has been realized that spin-orbit coupling can provide non-trivial band topology in weakly interacting electron systems, as in topological insulators and semi-metals, the role of electron-electron interaction in strongly spin-orbit coupled systems has not been fully understood. The availability of new materials with significant electron correlation and strong spin-orbit coupling now makes such investigations possible. Many of these materials contain 5d or 4d transition metal elements; the prominent examples are iridium oxides or iridates. In this review, we succinctly discuss recent theoretical and experimental progress on this subject. After providing a brief overview, we focus on pyrochlore iridates and three-dimensional honeycomb iridates. In pyrochlore iridates, we discuss the quantum criticality of the bulk and surface states, and the relevance of the surface/boundary states in a number of topological and magnetic ground states, both in the bulk and thin film configurations. Experimental signatures of these boundary and bulk states are discussed. Domain wall formation and strongly-direction-dependent magneto-transport are also discussed. Regarding the three-dimensional honeycomb iridates, we consider possible quantum spin liquid phases and unusual magnetic orders in theoretical models with strongly bond-dependent interactions. These theoretical ideas and results are discussed in light of recent resonant X-ray scattering experiments on three-dimensional honeycomb iridates. We also contrast these results with the situation in two-dimensional honeycomb iridates. We conclude with the outlook on other related systems.
description: 19 pages plus references, submitted to Reports on Progress in Physics
Die religiösen Instituionen im Urteil soziologischer Institutionstheorien
Creators: name: Fusé, Toyomasa
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 4 Nr. 6/7 (1968): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 4, Heft 6/7
Quantum Anomalies and Logarithmic Derivatives
Creators: name: Gough, J. E.
name: Ratiu, T. S.
name: Smolyanov, O. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This papers deals with connections between quantum anomalies and transformations of Feynman pseudo-measures. Mathematical objects related to the notion of the volume element in an infinite-dimensional space considered in the physics literature are considered and disagreement in the related literature regarding the origin of quantum anomalies is explained.
description: 9 pages, 0 figures
MPEC 2023-O30 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2023 July 18)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
FACCE-JPI Strategic Research Agenda 2020
Creators: name: Ewert, Frank
name: Brunori, Gianluca
name: Stalb, Hartmut
name: Langthaler, Gudrun
name: Mckhann, Heather
name: Berndt, Anja
name: Gomez, Pablo
name: Domenech, Annia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: climate change
food security
agriculture
strategic research agenda
facce-jpi
joint research programming
JPI

description: With this renewed Strategic Research Agenda, F ACCE-JPI will create valuable knowledge and impact to feed into policies and practices, continuously contributing to tackling the societal challenge of transformation towards sustainable agriculture respecting natural boundaries, securing biodiversity, and reducing emissions while at the same time contributing to climate neutrality, and sufficient and healthy food and diets. FACCE-JPI consists of 23 European members and New Zealand as an associated member, with a governing structure that connects relevant national ministries, policy makers and funding organisations and has access to and is guided by the latest scientific expertise and stakeholder advice. Since 2010, FACCE-JPI has united its members to align research efforts in order to tackle societal challenges related to food security, agriculture and climate change. So far, FACCE-JPI has funded over 120 projects worth a total of €250 million of funding, involving roughly 900 project partners from nearly 500 organisations in mainly newly established collaborations. This research has not only given rise to over 600 publications of high scientific quality, but it was also invaluable for capacity building and providing training for over 300 PhD students. This updated SRA outlines how FACCE-JPI will continue to align and co-design research and deliver knowledge for addressing the challenges of sustainable and resilient agricultural production systems integrating the interdependent climate system, food system and ecosystem. In four core themes, this SRA outlines a path towards an agricultural sector that respects the planetary boundaries, preserves and encourages biodiversity, reduces emissions and inputs, embraces new approaches such as agroecology, and at the same time provides a sufficient and healthy diet.
Full Duplex Emulation via Spatial Separation of Half Duplex Nodes in a Planar Cellular Network
Creators: name: Thomsen, Henning
name: Kim, Dong Min
name: Popovski, Petar
name: Pratas, Nuno K.
name: de Carvalho, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A Full Duplex Base Station (FD-BS) can be used to serve simultaneously two Half-Duplex (HD) Mobile Stations (MSs), one working in the uplink and one in the downlink, respectively. The same functionality can be realized by having two interconnected and spatially separated Half Duplex Base Stations (HD-BSs), which is a scheme termed \emph{CoMPflex} (CoMP for In-Band Wireless Full Duplex). A FD-BS can be seen as a special case of CoMPflex with separation distance zero. In this paper we study the performance of CoMPflex in a two-dimensional cellular scenario using stochastic geometry and compare it to the one achieved by FD-BSs. By deriving the Cumulative Distribution Functions, we show that CoMPflex brings BSs closer to the MSs they are serving, while increasing the distance between a MS and interfering MSs. Furthermore, the results show that CoMPflex brings benefits over FD-BS in terms of communication reliability. Following the trend of wireless network densification, CoMPflex can be regarded as a method with a great potential to effectively use the dense HD deployments.
description: to appear in IEEE SPAWC 2016
Size characterization and detection of aerosolized nanoplastics originating from evaporated thermoplastics
Creators: name: Wlasits, Peter Josef
name: Stoellner, Andrea
name: Lattner, Gregor
name: Maggauer, Klara
name: Winkler, Paul Martin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology

description: In recent years, a growing number of studies investigated the presence of micro- and nanoscopic particles in the environment originating from commonly used plastics. Pathways into the environment and generation mechanisms are still not well understood. Controlled generation methods of particles from macroplastics are required to enable research of the fundamental processes governing the dispersion of these particles in the environment. Here, we present the results of a study focusing on the generation and characterization of aerosol nanoparticles from macroplastics using a tube furnace. Three common thermoplastics were used as particle material: Polyethene (PE), Polypropene (PP) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). Commodity versions of these materials were compared to higher-purity versions. The produced particles were size characterized using a Differential Mobility Particle Sizer. Furthermore, we investigated the activation of particles from PET in Condensation Particle Counters by measuring the 50% cutoff diameters. The results could be directly compared to previous measurements using other organic seed particles. Our study provides crucial insights into the effects governing the production of aerosolized nanoparticles from thermoplastics at comparatively low temperatures. We therefore expect our study to act as basis for further research toward a thorough understanding of the physicochemical processes governing nanoparticle production from plastic materials. Eventually this may lead to new detection methods of nanoplastics in airborne state and allow for quantification of airborne nanoplastic concentrations.
Variability of the penetration of particles through facemasks
Creators: name: Pushpawela, Buddhi
name: Amanatidis, Stavros
name: Huang, Yuanlong
name: Flagan, Richard C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: COVID-19 is transmitted, at least in part, by airborne particles emitted by infected individuals. Wearing masks is one of the key actions that are required to prevent spreading COVID-19. To understand the variability in the performance, we evaluated the material performance of the whole mask, as manufactured, in terms of the penetration of particles, comfort and the quality factor of multiple copies of 29 different types. All masks were mounted to prevent leakage around the edges so the mask material and manufacture was tested, but the effects of the fit were not considered. The results of this study thus represent the upper bound of the performance of facemasks since leakage around the edges due to poor fit often overwhelms filtration through the mask material. The tests were performed at a steady flow rate of 30 L/min; mean values of the performance parameters were calculated for two different sizes; 0.12 µm and 0.3 µm. Of the masks tested, for 0.12 µm particles, N95 face filtering respirators consistently had the lowest peak penetration 1.7 ± 0.5%, while KN95 masks allowed 3.7 ± 2.6% penetration. In contrast, penetration through pleated procedure masks was 14.7 ± 16.9% due to one outlier - with that outlier removed, penetration decreased to 7.1 ± 4.3%; cloth masks allowed 26.4 ± 9.3% penetration. Tests on multiple copies of different masks demonstrated consistent performance of N95s, but considerably greater variability within the other classes of masks tested, leading to uncertainty in the degree of protection that they would provide. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
Effect of aerosol concentration on post-corona unipolar diffusion charging: Ion density retro-controlled by aerosol space charge versus geometry of ion-aerosol mixing
Creators: name: Jidenko, N.
name: Bouarouri, A.
name: Borra, J.-P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: The influence of aerosol concentration on the charge per particle is investigated in post-DC corona diffusion chargers for particle diameter between 10 nm and 1 µm. Particles are charged as they pass through the charger volume by collection of ions; the ion concentration decreases along the same path due to unipolar space charge repulsion and collection on walls. With crossflow of ions and aerosols, the final mean charge per particle decreases by up to one order of magnitude with increasing aerosol concentration from 109 to 1011 m−3. The evolution of the ion density profile along particle trajectories with aerosol concentration is shown to be due to the consumption of ions by aerosol charging and to ion dispersion by unipolar space charge repulsion including ions and charged particles. Both are investigated using a simplified 1.5 D model with axial symmetry and homogeneous mixing of ions and aerosols. It is shown that, for a given operating condition, the aerosol space charge is responsible for the modification of the spatial ion distribution and the related lower Ni × τ and charge per particle reported at higher aerosol concentration. From calculations, we define the maximal aerosol concentration to keep the mean charge per particle unaffected by aerosol space charge in the optimal case of homogeneous mixing of ion and aerosol. Finally, the comparison of different ion-aerosol mixing conditions highlights that an axial symmetry of the charger reduces the influence of aerosol space charge. This effect of aerosol concentration on the particle charge is critical for aerosol chargers devoted to electric mobility selection for size measurements or focused electro-deposition, as well as for concentration measurements as performed using emerging low cost sensors based on corona chargers. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
Implications of recent progress in heavy-quark hadroproduction
Creators: name: Garzelli, M. V.
name: Moch, S.
name: Sigl, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss recent theoretical progress in heavy-quark hadro-production, in particular focusing on processes involving charm-quarks, and on their implications in different fields of particle phenomenology, from collider to astroparticle physics.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections (Radcor 2015) and LoopFest XIV (Radiative Corrections for the LHC and Future Colliders), 15-19 June 2015, UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA, US
Comparison of black carbon measurement techniques for marine engine emissions using three marine fuel types
Creators: name: Momenimovahed, Ali
name: Gagné, Stéphanie
name: Martens, Patrick
name: Jakobi, Gert
name: Czech, Hendryk
name: Wichmann, Volker
name: Buchholz, Bert
name: Zimmermann, Ralf
name: Behrends, Brigitte
name: Thomson, Kevin A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy

description: Black carbon (BC) mass concentration from internal combustion engines can be quantified using a variety of different BC measurement techniques. We compare the relative response of several commercial instruments with different measurement principles to different types of marine exhaust emissions. Exhaust samples were generated using a high-speed 4-stroke marine diesel engine at various engine operating conditions from low to high engine loads. Three different fuel types—diesel, distillate marine oil grade A (DMA) and intermediate fuel oil (IFO)—were used to generate soot particles with a wide range of physical, chemical and optical properties. Based on the standard deviation of the results at all engine conditions evaluated in the present study, the overall spread between the instruments was 24% for diesel, 30% for DMA and 37% for IFO samples. For samples with extremely high organic content (at 10% engine power), the agreement was poor and the standard deviation of the mass concentrations estimated from different instruments was 50% for diesel with OC/EC ≈ 45 and 72% for DMA with OC/EC ≈280. For IFO particles, more scattered mass concentrations were reported by different instruments at all engine loads, possibly due to very complex chemical composition and different optical properties in comparison with well-characterized soot particles. We explain the differences in reported values by combining information on exhaust composition with the measurement principles used in each instrument.
Experimental verification of principal losses in a regulatory particulate matter emissions sampling system for aircraft turbine engines
Creators: name: Kittelson, D. B.
name: Swanson, J.
name: Aldridge, M.
name: Giannelli, R. A.
name: Kinsey, J. S.
name: Stevens, J. A.
name: Liscinsky, D. S.
name: Hagen, D.
name: Leggett, C.
name: Stephens, K.
name: Hoffman, B.
name: Howard, R.
name: Frazee, R. W.
name: Silvis, W.
name: McArthur, T.
name: Lobo, P.
name: Achterberg, S.
name: Trueblood, M.
name: Thomson, K.
name: Wolff, L.
name: Cerully, K.
name: Onasch, T.
name: Miake-Lye, R.
name: Freedman, A.
name: Bachalo, W.
name: Payne, G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A sampling system for measuring emissions of nonvolatile particulate matter (nvPM) from aircraft gas turbine engines has been developed to replace the use of smoke number and is used for international regulatory purposes. This sampling system can be up to 35 m in length. The sampling system length in addition to the volatile particle remover (VPR) and other sampling system components lead to substantial particle losses, which are a function of the particle size distribution, ranging from 50 to 90% for particle number concentrations and 10-50% for particle mass concentrations. The particle size distribution is dependent on engine technology, operating point, and fuel composition. Any nvPM emissions measurement bias caused by the sampling system will lead to unrepresentative emissions measurements which limit the method as a universal metric. Hence, a method to estimate size dependent sampling system losses using the system parameters and the measured mass and number concentrations was also developed (SAE 2017; SAE 2019). An assessment of the particle losses in two principal components used in ARP6481 (SAE 2019) was conducted during the VAriable Response In Aircraft nvPM Testing (VARIAnT) 2 campaign. Measurements were made on the 25-meter sample line portion of the system using multiple, well characterized particle sizing instruments to obtain the penetration efficiencies. An agreement of ± 15% was obtained between the measured and the ARP6481 method penetrations for the 25-meter sample line portion of the system. Measurements of VPR penetration efficiency were also made to verify its performance for aviation nvPM number. The research also demonstrated the difficulty of making system loss measurements and substantiates the E-31 decision to predict rather than measure system losses.
Letter from Kathleen Raine to Herbert Read, February 12, [1949?-1965?]
Creators: name: Raine, Kathleen, 1908-2003
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Anarchists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/808401
subject: Raine, Kathleen, 1908-2003
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/52672
subject: Authors, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821945
subject: Read, Herbert, 1893-1968
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1754386
subject: Philosophers, Modern
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1060765
subject: Philosophers
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1060746
subject: Literature, Modern
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1000172
subject: Poets
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067778
subject: Authors, English--Correspondence
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821953
subject: Scholars
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1106878
subject: Poets, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067870
subject: Art historians
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/815554
subject: Critics
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/883769
subject: Modernism (Literature)
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1024455
subject: Authors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821688

description: Part of a collection of correspondence from Kathleen Raine to Herbert Read. Raine was a British scholar and poet who was awarded the Queen’s Gold Medal for Poetry in 1992. The correspondence here follows Raine’s work on a book about William Blake’s mythology. Other topics include discussion of philosophical and metaphysical subjects, and references to acquaintances in literary and arts circles. In this letter, Raine expresses her thoughts on a book of Jung sent to her by Read.
Young tidal dwarf galaxies cannot be used to probe dark matter in galaxies
Creators: name: Flores, H.
name: Hammer, F.
name: Fouquet, S.
name: Puech, M.
name: Kroupa, P.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Pawlowski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The location of dark-matter free, tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs) in the baryonic Tully Fisher (bTF) diagram has been used to test cosmological scenarios, leading to various and controversial results. Using new high-resolution 3D spectroscopic data, we re-investigate the morpho-kinematics of these galaxies to verify whether or not they can be used for such a purpose. We find that the three observed TDGs are kinematically not virialized and show complex morphologies and kinematics, leading to considerable uncertainties about their intrinsic rotation velocities and their locations on the bTF. Only one TDG can be identify as a (perturbed) rotation disk that it is indeed a sub-component of NGC5291N and that lies at $
description: MNRAS Letters; Accepted 2015 November 25. Received 2015 November 25
Experimental Verification of Principal Losses in a Regulatory Particulate Matter Emissions Sampling System for Aircraft Turbine Engines
Creators: name: Kittelson, D. B.
name: Swanson, J.
name: Aldridge, M.
name: Giannelli, R. A.
name: Kinsey, J. S.
name: Stevens, J. A.
name: Liscinsky, D. S.
name: Hagen, D.
name: Leggett, C.
name: Stephens, K.
name: Hoffman, B.
name: Howard, R.
name: Frazee, R. W.
name: Silvis, W.
name: McArthur, T.
name: Lobo, P.
name: Achterberg, S.
name: Trueblood, M.
name: Thomson, K.
name: Wolff, L.
name: Cerully, K.
name: Onasch, T.
name: Miake-Lye, R.
name: Freedman, A.
name: Bachalo, W.
name: Payne, G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A sampling system for measuring emissions of non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) from aircraft gas turbine engines has been developed to replace the use of smoke number and is used for international regulatory purposes (SAE 2018; ICAO 2017). This sampling system can be up to 35 m in length. The sampling system length in addition to the volatile particle remover (VPR) and other sampling system components lead to substantial particle losses, which are a function of the particle size distribution, ranging from 50 to 90% for particle number concentrations and 10-50% for particle mass concentrations. The particle size distribution is dependent on engine technology, operating point, and fuel composition. Any nvPM emissions measurement bias caused by the sampling system will lead to unrepresentative emissions measurements which limit the method as a universal metric. Hence, a method to estimate size dependent sampling system losses using the system parameters and the measured mass and number concentrations was also developed (SAE 2017; SAE 2019). An assessment of the particle losses in two principal components used in ARP6481 (SAE 2019) was conducted during the VAriable Response In Aircraft nvPM Testing (VARIAnT) 2 campaign. Measurements were made on the 25-meter sample line portion of the system using multiple, well characterized particle sizing instruments to obtain the penetration efficiencies. An agreement of ±15% was obtained between the measured and the ARP6481 method penetrations for the 25-meter sample line portion of the system. Measurements of VPR penetration efficiency were also made to verify its performance for aviation nvPM number. The research also demonstrated the difficulty of making system loss measurements and substantiates the E-31 decision to predict rather than measure system losses.
Micro-Raman Characterization of Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells
Creators: name: Kunz, T.
name: Hessmann, M.T.
name: Meidel, B.
name: Brabec, C.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2818-2820
description: A layer system, developed for crystalline silicon thin-film solar cells, was investigated by micro-Raman
spectroscopy. In the silicon layers, which were obtained by zone melting recrystallization (ZMR) and subsequent epitaxial
growth, a high residual stress of up to 750 MPa was measured near the boundary towards the SiC layer. Contrarily, outside of
this boundary area no residual stress could be detected, in spite of commonly found twin boundaries. Thus the main origin of
residual stress in the silicon layers is due to the different expansion coefficients of the respective layers, while grain
boundaries have no dominant effect.
Mechanical Yield in Amorphous Solids: a First-Order Phase Transition
Creators: name: Jaiswal, Prabhat
name: Procaccia, Itamar
name: Rainone, Corrado
name: Singh, Murari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Amorphous solids yield at a critical value of the strain (in strain controlled experiments); for larger strains the average stress can no longer increase - the system displays an elasto-plastic steady state. A long standing riddle in the materials community is what is the difference between the microscopic states of the material before and after yield. Explanations in the literature are material specific, but the universality of the phenomenon begs a universal answer. We argue here that there is no fundamental difference in the states of matter before and after yield, but the yield is a bona-fide first order phase transition between a highly restricted set of possible configurations residing in a small region of phase space to a vastly rich set of configurations which include many marginally stable ones. To show this we employ an order parameter of universal applicability, independent of the microscopic interactions, that is successful in quantifying the transition in an unambiguous manner.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures
Laser Welding of 50 Micrometer Thick Monocrystalline Silicon Wafers
Creators: name: Hessmann, M.T.
name: Kunz, T.
name: Burkert, I.
name: Gawehns, N.
name: Schäfer, L.
name: Meidel, B.
name: Auer, R.
name: Brabec, C.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2825-2828
description: We present an expanded silicon base substrate, which serves as seed layer for the epitaxy of crystalline
silicon thin-film solar cells in a roll to roll manufacturing process. This substrate overcomes the area restrictions of an
ingot based monocrystalline silicon process without sacrificing performance by laser welding of individual, thin
silicon wafers to an expanded silicon base substrate. The successful welding of (100) silicon is demonstrated and
analyzed by micro-Raman microscopy. The analysis reveals structural changes within the silicon material due to laser
beam irradiation.
Cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic measurement of light-absorbing aerosols
Creators: name: Karhu, Juho
name: Kuula, Joel
name: Virkkula, Aki
name: Timonen, Hilkka
name: Vainio, Markku
name: Hieta, Tuomas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Photoacoustic detection is a sensitive method for measurement of light-absorbing particles directly in the aerosol phase. In this article, we demonstrate a new sensitive technique for photoacoustic aerosol absorption measurements using a cantilever microphone for the detection of the photoacoustic signal. Compared to conventional diaphragm microphones, a cantilever offers increased sensitivity by up to two orders of magnitude. The measurement setup uses a photoacoustic cell from Gasera PA201 gas measurement system, which we have adapted for aerosol measurements. Here we reached a noise level of 0.013 Mm−1 (one standard deviation) with a sampling time of 20 s, using a simple single-pass design without a need for a resonant acoustic cell. The sampling time includes 10 s signal averaging time and 10 s sample exchange, since the photoacoustic cell is designed for closed cell operation. We demonstrate the method in measurements of size-selected nigrosin particles and ambient black carbon. Due to the exceptional sensitivity, the technique shows great potential for applications where low detection limits are required, for example size-selected absorption measurements and black carbon detection in ultra clean environments.
Extension of the ratio method to low energy
Creators: name: Colomer, F.
name: Capel, P.
name: Nunes, F. M.
name: Johnson, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: The ratio method has been proposed as a means to remove the reaction model dependence in the study of halo nuclei. Purpose: Originally, it was developed for higher energies but given the potential interest in applying the method at lower energy, in this work we explore its validity at 20 MeV/nucleon. Method: The ratio method takes the ratio of the breakup angular distribution and the summed angular distribution (which includes elastic, inelastic and breakup) and uses this observable to constrain the features of the original halo wave function. In this work we use the Continuum Discretized Coupled Channel method and the Coulomb-corrected Dynamical Eikonal Approximation for the study. Results: We study the reactions of 11Be on 12C, 40Ca and 208Pb at 20 MeV/nucleon. We compare the various theoretical descriptions and explore the dependence of our result on the core-target interaction. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the ratio method is valid at these lower beam energies.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C; 10 pages, 7 figures
Politisch-soziale Implikationen des Zweiten Vatikanums
Creators: name: Houtard, François
name: Hambye, Francis
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 4 Nr. 6/7 (1968): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 4, Heft 6/7
Simultaneous optical monitoring of BL Lacertae object S5 0716+714 with high temporal resolution
Creators: name: Man, Zhongyi
name: Zhang, Xiaoyuan
name: Wu, Jianghua
name: Yuan, Qirong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have monitored the BL Lacertae object S5 0716+714 simultaneously in the B, R and I bands on three nights in November 2014. The average time resolution is quite high (73s, 34s, 58s for the filters B, R and I), which can help us trace the profile of the variation and search for the short inter-band time delay. Intra-day variability was about 0.1 mag on the first two nights and more than 0.3 mag on the third. A bluer-when-brighter color behavior was found. An clear loop path can be seen on the color-magnitude diagram of the third night, revealing possible time delays between variations at high and low energies. It is the first time that the intra-day spectral hysteresis loop has been found so obviously in the optical band. We used the interpolated cross-correlation function method to further confirm the time delay and calculated the values of lag between light curves at different wavelengths on each night. On the third night, variations in the R and B bands is approximately 1.5 minutes lagging behind the I band. Such optical time delay is probably due to the interplay of different processes of electrons in the jet of the blazar.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted by MNRAS
COVID-19 Infodemic: Fake News, Real Censorship. Information and Freedom of Expression in Time of Coronavirus
Creators: name: Marsili, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Fake news
Infodemics
Covid-19 pandemic
Health and risk communication
Institutional communication, PR
Disinformation
Misinformation
Democracy
Fundamental Human Rights
International Law
freedom of expression
freedom of the media

description: Infection disease outbreaks are invariably characterized by myths and rumors, boosted by social media accounts, that media often pick up and circulate. On the grounds of protecting public health in the context of the covid-19 pandemic, some Member States of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe imposed strict rules on the dissemination of “fake news”. This paper reviews the outbreak communication principles established by the World Health Organization and checks the compliance of emergency legislation, adopted under the pretext of combating misinformation and disinformation, against fundamental human rights.
description: This poster received financial support by the European Social Fund (ESF) and by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, under grant SFRH/BD/136170/2018. The participation in the conference was funded by the Research Centre of the Institute for Political Studies of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (CIEP-UCP)
Letter from Kathleen Raine to Herbert Read, March 01, [1949?-1965?]
Creators: name: Raine, Kathleen, 1908-2003
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Authors, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821945
subject: Authors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821688
subject: Raine, Kathleen, 1908-2003
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/52672
subject: Philosophers, Modern
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1060765
subject: Girton College (University of Cambridge)
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/615432
subject: Philosophers
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1060746
subject: Poets
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067778
subject: Poets, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067870
subject: Modernism (Literature)
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1024455
subject: Anarchists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/808401
subject: Literature, Modern
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1000172
subject: Art historians
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/815554
subject: Critics
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/883769
subject: Read, Herbert, 1893-1968
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1754386
subject: Authors, English--Correspondence
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821953
subject: Scholars
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1106878

description: Part of a collection of correspondence from Kathleen Raine to Herbert Read. Raine was a British scholar and poet who was awarded the Queen’s Gold Medal for Poetry in 1992. The correspondence here follows Raine’s work on a book about William Blake’s mythology. Other topics include discussion of philosophical and metaphysical subjects, and references to acquaintances in literary and arts circles. In this letter Raine shares with Read that her manuscript on William Blake has been accepted and that she has been offered a lecture series.
Der «öffentliche Charakter» der christlichen Botschaft in seinem Bezug auf den öffentlichen Charakter der heutigen Gesellschaft
Creators: name: González Ruiz, José María
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 4 Nr. 6/7 (1968): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 4, Heft 6/7
A highly efficient cloth facemask design
Creators: name: Cappa, Christopher D.
name: Ristenpart, William D.
name: Barreda, Santiago
name: Bouvier, Nicole M.
name: Levintal, Elad
name: Wexler, Anthony S.
name: Roman, Sanziana A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Wearing masks and face coverings helps reduce transmission of respiratory diseases. Much prior research on mask filtration efficiency has focused on fabric type, with less consideration given to mask design and shape. Here, we present evidence that increasing the mouth-mask separation distance engenders an increase in the mask-fabric filtration efficiency toward expiratory aerosols emitted via vocalization, which we attribute to a decrease in the expiratory jet velocity and expansion of the breath-mask contact area. We further assess the performance of a new reusable cloth facemask design, originally made for, but not exclusive to, professional singers and having a large mouth-mask separation distance. With proper fitting, these masks achieve overall filtering efficiencies of >93% for both exhaled expiratory aerosols >0.5 microns in diameter from singing and speaking and for inhaled ambient aerosols, better than surgical masks and approaching N95 respirators. Air exchange between the mask deadspace and the ambient environment limits the extent of CO2 buildup and in inhaled air and maintains O2 levels near ambient. The mask design also provides for less inhibited mouth and jaw movement and lower relative humidity, suggesting it may provide a more palatable, high-efficiency alternative to medical-grade masks for the public. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
Hunting for neutral, long-lived exotica at the LHC using a missing transverse energy signature
Creators: name: Belyaev, Alexander
name: Moretti, Stefano
name: Nickel, Kilian
name: Thomas, Marc C.
name: Tomalin, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for neutral, long-lived particles have historically relied on the detection of displaced particles produced by their decay $\textit{within}$ the detector volume. In this paper we study the potential of the complementary signature comprising of the missing transverse energy ($E_T^{miss}$) signal, traditionally used to look for dark matter, e.g., the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), to extend the LHC coverage to models with long-lived (LL) particles when they decay $\textit{outside}$ the detector. Using CMS and ATLAS analyses at the 8 TeV LHC, we set an upper limit at the 95% confidence level (CL) on the production cross sections for two specific scenarios: (i) a model with a heavy non-standard model Higgs boson decaying to a LL scalar and (ii) an R-parity violating RPV SUSY model with a LL neutralino. We show that this method can significantly extend the LHC sensitivity to neutral, LL particles with arbitrary large lifetimes and that the limits obtained from a $E_T^{miss}$ signal are comparable to those from displaced particle searches for decay distances above a few meters. Results obtained in this study do not not depend on the specific decay channel of the LL particle and therefore are model-independent in this sense. We provide limits for the whole two-dimensional plane in terms of the mass of the LL particle and the mass of the mediator up to masses of 2 TeV including particular benchmarks studied in the original experimental papers. We have made these limits available in the form of a grid which can be used for the interpretation of various other new physics models.
description: 28 pages
Philosophische Überlegungen zur Grundlegung des sittlichen und politischen Handelns
Creators: name: Oelmüller, Willi
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 4 Nr. 6/7 (1968): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 4, Heft 6/7
Renormalization-group improved inflationary scenarios
Creators: name: Pozdeeva, E. O.
name: Vernov, S. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility to construct an inflationary scenario for renormalization-group improved potentials corresponding to the Higgs sector of quantum field models is investigated. Taking into account quantum corrections to the renormalization-group potential which sums all leading logs of perturbation theory is essential for a successful realization of the inflationary scenario, with very reasonable parameters values. The scalar electrodynamics inflationary scenario thus obtained are seen to be in good agreement with the most recent observational data.
Von der theologischen Tragweite lehramtlicher Verlautbarungen über gesellschaftspolitische Fragen
Creators: name: Schillebeeckx, Edward
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 4 Nr. 6/7 (1968): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 4, Heft 6/7
Cost of Merchandising U.S. Cotton, 1974/75 Season
Creators: name: Chandler, Whitman M.
name: Glade, Edward H.
name: Chandler, Whitman M.
name: Glade, Edward H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Cotton
subject: shippers
subject: marketing
subject: costs

description: Detailed estimates of the major costs of merchandising U.S. cotton during the 1974/75 season are presented. The weighted average cost of assembling and distributing to all domestic and foreign outlets was $38.63 per bale, up 43 percent from 1972/73. Costs were developed from each of four regions to ten outlets. Also, costs were developed from major market trading areas to specific domestic and foreign market outlets.
description: Reprinted from Cotton and Wool Situation, CWS-6, July 1976, by the Commodity Economics Division, Economic Research Service.
Cage effect in supercooled molecular liquids: local anisotropies and collective solid-like response
Creators: name: Bernini, S.
name: Leporini, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both local geometry and collective, extended excitations drive the moves of a particle in the cage of its neighbours in dense liquids. The strength of their influence is investigated by Molecular Dynamics simulations of a supercooled liquid of fully-flexible trimers with semirigid or rigid bonds. The rattling in the cage is investigated on different length scales. First, the rattling anisotropy due to local order is characterized by two order parameters sensing the monomers succeeding or failing to escape from the cage. Then, the collective response of the surroundings excited by the monomer-monomer collisions is considered. The collective response is initially restricted to the nearest neighbours of the colliding particle by a Voronoi analysis revealing elastic contributions. Then, the long-range excitation of the farthest neighbours is scrutinised by searching spatially-extended correlations between the simultaneous fast displacements of the caged particle and the surroundings. It is found that the longitudinal component has stronger spatial modulation than the transverse one with wavelength of about one particle diameter, in close resemblance with experimental findings on colloids. It is concluded that the cage rattling is largely affected by solid-like extended modes.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures