cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Testing General Relativity with Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Carson, Zack
name: Yagi, Kent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational-wave sources offer us unique testbeds for probing strong-field, dynamical and nonlinear aspects of gravity. In this chapter, we give a brief overview of the current status and future prospects of testing General Relativity with gravitational waves. In particular, we focus on three theory-agnostic tests (parameterized tests, inspiral-merger-ringdown consistency tests, and gravitational-wave propagation tests) and explain how one can apply such tests to example modified theories of gravity. We conclude by giving some open questions that need to be resolved to carry out more accurate tests of gravity with gravitational waves.
description: v1: Submitted as a chapter in "Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy" (Eds. C. Bambi, S. Katsanevas and K. Kokkotas; Springer Singapore, 2021). The maximum number of allowed references is used; v2, v3: minor corrections to refs
Bayesian updating of a probability distribution encoded on a quantum register
Creators: name: Soklakov, Andrei N.
name: Schack, Ruediger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the problem of Bayesian updating of a probability distribution encoded in the quantum state of n qubits. The updating procedure takes the form of a quantum algorithm that prepares the quantum register in the state representing the posterior distribution. Depending on how the prior distribution is given, we describe two implementations, one probabilistic and one deterministic, of such an algorithm in the standard model of a quantum computer.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Spatio-temporal encoding improves neuromorphic tactile texture classification
Creators: name: Gupta, Anupam K.
name: Nakagawa, Andrei
name: Lepora, Nathan F.
name: Thakor, Nitish V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the increase in interest in deployment of robots in unstructured environments to work alongside humans, the development of human-like sense of touch for robots becomes important. In this work, we implement a multi-channel neuromorphic tactile system that encodes contact events as discrete spike events that mimic the behavior of slow adapting mechanoreceptors. We study the impact of information pooling across artificial mechanoreceptors on classification performance of spatially non-uniform naturalistic textures. We encoded the spatio-temporal activation patterns of mechanoreceptors through gray-level co-occurrence matrix computed from time-varying mean spiking rate-based tactile response volume. We found that this approach greatly improved texture classification in comparison to use of individual mechanoreceptor response alone. In addition, the performance was also more robust to changes in sliding velocity. The importance of exploiting precise spatial and temporal correlations between sensory channels is evident from the fact that on either removal of precise temporal information or altering of spatial structure of response pattern, a significant performance drop was observed. This study thus demonstrates the superiority of population coding approaches that can exploit the precise spatio-temporal information encoded in activation patterns of mechanoreceptor populations. It, therefore, makes an advance in the direction of development of bio-inspired tactile systems required for realistic touch applications in robotics and prostheses.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication to IEEE Sensors
Strong coupling expansion for general relativity
Creators: name: Frasca, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong coupling expansion is computed for the Einstein equations in vacuum in the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) formalism. The series is given by the duality principle in perturbation theory as presented in [M.Frasca, Phys. Rev. A 58, 3439 (1998)]. An example of application is also given for a two-dimensional model of gravity expressed through the Liouville equation showing that the expansion is not trivial and consistent with the exact solution, in agreement with the general analysis. Application to the Einstein equations in vacuum in the ADM formalism shows that the spacetime near singularities is driven by space homogeneous equations.
description: 13 pages, no figures. Final version accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics D
Livestock in China: Commodity specific total factor productivity decomposition using new panel data
Creators: name: Rae, Allan N.
name: Ma, Hengyun
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Rae, Allan N.
name: Ma, Hengyun
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Rozelle, Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Stochastic production frontier
subject: total factor productivity
subject: technical efficiency and progress
subject: China
subject: livestock
subject: adjusted panel data

description: Studies of total factor productivity in livestock production are rare, but when available provide useful information especially in the context of developing countries such as China where livestock is becoming more important in the domestic agricultural economy. We estimate total factor productivity (TFP) for four major livestock products in China employing the stochastic frontier approach, and decompose productivity growth into its technical efficiency and technical progress components. Efforts are made to adjust and augment the available livestock statistics. The results show that growth in TFP and its components varied between the 1980s and the 1990s as well as over production structures. While there is evidence of considerable technical innovation in China's livestock sector, technical efficiency improvement has been relatively slow.
Political Violence and Farm Household Efficiency in Colombia
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Maria A.
name: Lopez, Rigoberto A.
name: Gonzalez, Maria A.
name: Lopez, Rigoberto A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Distance function
subject: farm efficiency
subject: Colombia
subject: Violencia

description: This paper estimates farm household levels of technical efficiency and their determinants in Colombia, with particular reference to political violence (i.e., guerilla fronts, assassinations, kidnappings, and displaced population). An input-oriented stochastic frontier is estimated simultaneously with a technical inefficiency model that incorporates violence at the local level, using survey data from 822 farm households. The findings show that household productivity is lower in areas of high political violence, particularly with high incidence of guerrilla fronts and kidnappings. Should political violence be eliminated, the average Farrell's technical efficiency index of farm households in the sample would increase by an average of 6.4%, favoring households in small farms the most.
Acteon mirim Cunha 2011
Creators: name: Cavallari, Daniel C.
name: Dornellas, Ana Paula S.
name: Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Acteonidae
Acteon
Acteon mirim

description: mirim, Mitromorpha Simone & Cunha, 2012
 Mitromorpha mirim Simone & Cunha, 2012: 771–772 (fig. 9G–K).
Gastropoda, Mitromorphidae
 Paratype: MZSP 102674.
 Paratype 1: MZSP 102683.
 Localities: Brazil, Espírito Santo, off Itaúnas, Abrolhos Slope, 18°56' S, 37°57' W, MD55 sta. DC82, 85– 105 m depth; 1) off Itaúnas, 18°49' S, 37°57' W, MD55 sta. DC83, 60 m; all collected on 28 May 1987.
 Collectors: P. Bouchet, J.H. Leal and B. Métivier.
 Preservation: Dry.
 Remarks: Former MNHN, Paris.
description: Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125
Quantum memory for non-stationary light fields based on controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening
Creators: name: Kraus, B.
name: Tittel, W.
name: Gisin, N.
name: Nilsson, M.
name: Kroll, S.
name: Cirac, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new method for efficient storage and recall of non-stationary light fields, e.g. single photon time-bin qubits, in optically dense atomic ensembles. Our approach to quantum memory is based on controlled, reversible, inhomogeneous broadening. We briefly discuss experimental realizations of our proposal.
description: 4 pages
Factors Affecting Grain Consumption: Evidence from 1999-2002 NHANES Survey Data
Creators: name: Mancino, Lisa
name: Carlson, Andrea
name: Mancino, Lisa
name: Carlson, Andrea
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that half of all daily grain servings be whole grains. Meeting the new guidelines may be a tall order for most Americans. Targeting nutrition messages that educate people on how to comply with these new recommendations requires a solid understanding of who needs to boost their whole grain intake. It also requires a better understanding of the way people consume grain-based foods - which types of foods, eating occasion and locations are more conducive to whole grain intake and which are more conducive to refined grain intake. This analysis makes use of the most recent NHANES data (1999-2002). We use data from the dietary recall and link it to a nutrient database that provides the number of food group servings for each food consumed in the 24 hour period to estimate how individuals' consumption of both total and whole grain correlate with socio-economic factors, specific health indicators, and behaviors related to food choices.
Additional file 1 of Association between ergonomic risk exposures and insomnia symptoms: a mediation analysis of the 5th Korean working conditions survey
Creators: name: Cho, Seong-Sik
name: Jang, Tae-Won
name: Kang, Mo-Yeol
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Appendix Table 1. Joint influence of musculoskeletal pains and ergonomic risks on insomnia symptoms. Appendix Table 2. Joint influence of feeling of exhaustion and ergonomic risk on insomnia symptoms.
Algorithmic complexity and entanglement of quantum states
Creators: name: Mora, Caterina
name: Briegel, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define the algorithmic complexity of a quantum state relative to a given precision parameter, and give upper bounds for various examples of states. We also establish a connection between the entanglement of a quantum state and its algorithmic complexity.
description: 4 pages. Replaced with published version
BigApple force and its implications to finite nuclei and astrophysical objects
Creators: name: Das, H. C.
name: Kumar, Ankit
name: Kumar, Bharat
name: Biswal, S. K.
name: Patra, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The secondary component of the GW190814 event left us with a question, "whether it is a supermassive neutron star or lightest black-hole?". Recently, Fattoyev et al. have obtained an energy density functional (EDF) named as BigApple, which reproduces the mass of the neutron star is 2.60 $M_\odot$ which is well consistent with GW190814 data. This study explores the properties of finite nuclei, nuclear matter, and neutron stars by using the BigApple EDF along with four well-known relativistic mean-field forces, namely NL3, G3, IOPB-I, and FSUGarnet. The finite nuclei properties like binding energy per particle, skin thickness, charge radius, single-particle energy, and two-neutron separation energy are well predicted by the BigApple for a series of nuclei. The calculated nuclear matter quantities such as incompressibility, symmetry energy, and slope parameters at saturation density are consistent with the empirical or experimental values where ever available. The predicted canonical tidal deformability by the BigApple parameter set is well-matched with the GW190814 data. Also, the dimensionless moment of inertia lies in the range given by the analysis of PSR J0737-3039A.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables. Published in IJMPE
Global aspects of accelerating and rotating black hole space-times
Creators: name: Griffiths, J. B.
name: Podolsky, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complete family of exact solutions representing accelerating and rotating black holes with possible electromagnetic charges and a NUT parameter is known in terms of a modified Plebanski-Demianski metric. This demonstrates the singularity and horizon structure of the sources but not that the complete space-time describes two causally separated black holes. To demonstrate this property, the metric is first cast in the Weyl-Lewis-Papapetrou form. After extending this up to the acceleration horizon, it is then transformed to the boost-rotation-symmetric form in which the global properties of the solution are manifest. The physical interpretation of these solutions is thus clarified.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure. To appear in Class. Quantum Grav
The Mass Spectra of Giant Molecular Clouds in the Local Group
Creators: name: Rosolowsky, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reanalyze the catalogs of molecular clouds in the Local Group to determine the parameters of their mass distributions in a uniform manner. The analysis uses the error-in-variables method of parameter estimation which accounts not only for the variance of the sample when drawn from a parent distribution but also for errors in the mass measurements. Testing the method shows that it recovers the underlying properties of cumulative mass distribution without bias while accurately reflecting uncertainties in the parameters. Clouds in the inner disk of the Milky Way follow a truncated power-law distribution with index γ=-1.5 +/- 0.1 and maximum mass of 10^6.5 M_sun. The distributions of cloud mass for the outer Milky Way and M33 show significantly steeper indices (γ_OMW= -2.1 +/- 0.2 and γ_M33= -2.9 +/- 0.4) with no evidence of a cutoff. The mass distribution of clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud has a marginally steeper distribution than the inner disk of the Milky Way (γ=-1.7 +/- 0.2) and also shows evidence of a truncation with a maximum mass of 10^6.5 M_sun. The mass distributions of molecular clouds vary dramatically across the Local Group, even after accounting for the systematic errors that arise in comparing heterogeneous data and catalogs. These differences should be accounted for in studies that aim to reproduce the molecular cloud mass distributions or in studies that use the mass spectrum as a parameter in a model.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted to PASP
Collective Action in Plant Breeding
Creators: name: Binenbaum, Eran
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Binenbaum, Eran
name: Pardey, Philip G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Olson (1965) formulated a "Logic of Collective Action". We investigate whether a logic of collective action in plant breeding - and research and development generally - can be constructed. Using a case study on the Latin American Fund for Irrigated Rice (FLAR) as well as other real-world institutions of collective action in R&D, we construct an expanded logic of collective action, which revolves around two core features: Impure public goods and the tragedy of the anticommons. Provisions of FLAR and other institutions are related to game theory and contract theory, and theoretical, methodological and policy implications are outlined.
Remyelination in the central nervous system by transplatation of human fetal glial cells and co-transplantation of insulin like growth factor-1 in the SHIVERER mouse model
Creators: name: Xu, Yan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The shiverer mouse is a myelin-deficient animal model for glial cell transplantation studies. Human fetal glial cells and human adult oligodendrocytes were transplanted into shiverer brains. The myelination formed by transplanted oligodendrocytes was detected in the shiverer brain by immunohistochemistry using anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) antibody. Transplantation of human fetal glial cells resulted in myelination in the shiverer brain. There was no myelination observed using human adult oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, co-transplantation of the glial growth factor, Insulin like growth factor-1, with human fetal glial cells also resulted in myelination in the shiverer brain. These observations imply that human fetal glial cells may be the more suitable cell source from the central nerve system for clinical transplantation in human demyelination disease. The failure of human adult oligodendrocytes to myelination may have been due to too few oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Co-transplantation of glial growth factors may be another possible application for glial cell transplantation in the shiverer mice.
Valuing the Option to Convert from Conventional to Organic Farming
Creators: name: Kuminoff, Nicolai V.
name: Wossink, Ada
name: Kuminoff, Nicolai V.
name: Wossink, Ada
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Based on option value theory, we develop a theoretical model to assess the dollar compensation required for the conversion to organic farming. Our empirical model is a switching regression model with two regimes and we use county level data on organic and conventional corn and soybean production in the U.S. for the application. Assuming an interest rate of 10 percent, a conventional corn-soybean grower would need to receive a one-time payment of $315 per acre to compensate for the conversion cost and an additional $1,088 per acre to conver the long run higher production and market risks. The sum of these two values equals an annual payment of $228 per acre for a 10 year contract. The results are discussed in the context of the recently introduced Conservation Security Program, which wil make direct payments to US farmers for organic practices.
The earliest spectroscopy of the GRB 030329 afterglow with 6-m telescope
Creators: name: Kurt, V. G.
name: Sokolov, V. V.
name: Fatkhullin, T. A.
name: Komarova, V. N.
name: Lebedev, V. S.
name: Sokolova, T. N.
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Postigo, A. de Ugarte
name: Gorosabel, J.
name: Guziy, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The earliest BTA (SAO RAS 6-m telescope) spectroscopic observations of the GRB 030329 optical transient (OT) are presented, which almost coincide in time with the "first break" ($t\sim 0.5$ day after the GRB) of the OT light curve. The beginning of spectral changes are seen as early as $\sim 10-12$ hours after the GRB. So, the onset of the spectral changes for $t<1$ day indicates that the contribution from Type Ic supernova (SN) into the OT optical flux can be detected earlier. The properties of early spectra of GRB 030329/SN 2003dh can be consistent with a shock moving into a stellar wind formed from the pre-SN. Such a behavior (similar to that near the UV shock breakout in SNe) can be explained by the existence of a dense matter in the immediate surroundings of massive stellar GRB/SN progenitor). The urgency is emphasized of observation of early GRB/SN spectra for solving a question that is essential for understanding GRB physical mechanism: {\it Do all} long-duration gamma-ray bursts are caused by (or physically connected to) {\it ordinary} core-collapse supernovae? If clear association of normal/ordinary core-collapse SNe (SN Ib/c, and others SN types) and GRBs would be revealed in numbers of cases, we may have strong observational limits for gamma-ray beaming and for real energetics of the GRB sources.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Proceedings of the 4th Workshop "Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era", Roma, 2004 October 18-22, eds. L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, and B. Gendre. Il Nuovo Cimento, in press
BalaGAN: Image Translation Between Imbalanced Domains via Cross-Modal Transfer
Creators: name: Patashnik, Or
name: Danon, Dov
name: Zhang, Hao
name: Cohen-Or, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: State-of-the-art image-to-image translation methods tend to struggle in an imbalanced domain setting, where one image domain lacks richness and diversity. We introduce a new unsupervised translation network, BalaGAN, specifically designed to tackle the domain imbalance problem. We leverage the latent modalities of the richer domain to turn the image-to-image translation problem, between two imbalanced domains, into a balanced, multi-class, and conditional translation problem, more resembling the style transfer setting. Specifically, we analyze the source domain and learn a decomposition of it into a set of latent modes or classes, without any supervision. This leaves us with a multitude of balanced cross-domain translation tasks, between all pairs of classes, including the target domain. During inference, the trained network takes as input a source image, as well as a reference or style image from one of the modes as a condition, and produces an image which resembles the source on the pixel-wise level, but shares the same mode as the reference. We show that employing modalities within the dataset improves the quality of the translated images, and that BalaGAN outperforms strong baselines of both unconditioned and style-transfer-based image-to-image translation methods, in terms of image quality and diversity.
Additional file 1 of Purification and characterization of crude fructooligosaccharides extracted from red onion (Allium cepa var. viviparum) by yeast treatment
Creators: name: Aisara, Jakkrit
name: Wongsanittayarak, Jirat
name: Leangnim, Nalapat
name: Utama, Kraikrit
name: Sangthong, Padchanee
name: Sriyotai, Woraprapa
name: Mahatheeranont, Sugunya
name: Phongthai, Suphat
name: Unban, Kridsada
name: Lumyong, Saisamorn
name: Khanongnuch, Chartchai
name: Wongputtisin, Pairote
name: Kanpiengjai, Apinun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. FOS profile obtained from cultivation of different yeast strains in crude FOSs extracted from red onions. Figure S2. Appearance of FOS powder obtained from each step of purification. Figure S3. Calibration curves obtained by plotting the average of mean peak areas and concentrations of sugars and FOSs. Table S1. Classification of yeast species isolated from Miang and Tea flower based on fructose, glucose, sucrose, and FOS utilizations. Table S2. Retention time, slope and R2 value for analysis of sugars and FOSs extracted from red onion. Table S3. Selected volatile compounds from crude FOSs and purified FOSs.
Optimal Timber Rotation on Multiple Stands with an Asymmetric Externality
Creators: name: Uchida, Emi
name: Uchida, Emi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: forest economics
subject: multiple stands
subject: non-timber goods
subject: flood risk
subject: spatial externality
subject: additivity properties

description: Motivated by the logging ban in China and its future deregulation strategy, this paper theoretically examines the dynamic problem of forest management with spatial externality. I construct a theoretical, spatially-explicit model of a forest planner who maximizes timber profits from infinite timber rotation on all stands minus the costs of water runoff, and more importantly, asymmetric depending on the relative location of the stand. The model examines a spatial model of two stands, where the age of one stand affects the cost of the other stand, but asymmetrically. Using specific functional forms, I examine the properties of spatial and temporal substitutability between the two stands and the marginal value of staggering harvesting on one stand. The simulation results illustrate the efficiency gains of a spatial, subadditive model versus an aspatial, additive model.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/05.
High frequency VLBI observations of the scatter broadened quasar B2005+403
Creators: name: Gabanyi, K. E.
name: Krichbaum, T. P.
name: Britzen, S.
name: Bach, U.
name: Ros, E.
name: Witzel, A.
name: Zensus, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasar B2005+403 located behind the Cygnus region, is a suitable object for studying the interplay between propagation effects, which are extrinsic to the source and source intrinsic variability. On the basis of VLBI experiments performed at 1.6, 5, 8, 15, 22, and 43GHz between 1992-2003 and parallel multi-frequency monitoring of the total flux density, we investigated the variability of total flux density and source structure. Below 8 GHz, the point-like VLBI source is affected by scatter-broadening of the turbulent interstellar medium, which is located along the line of sight and likely associated with the Cygnus region. We present and discuss the measured frequency dependence of the source size, which shows a power-law with slope of -1.91+/-0.05. From the measured scattering angle at 1GHz of 77.1+/-4.0mas a SM=0.43+/-0.04 m^{-20/3} kpc is derived, consistent with the general properties of the ISM in this direction. The decreasing effect of angular broadening towards higher frequencies allows to study the internal structure of the source. Above 8GHz new VLBI observations reveal a one-sided slightly south-bending core-jet structure, with stationary and apparent superluminally moving jet components. The jet components move on non-ballistic trajectories. In AGN, total flux density variations are often related to the emergence of new VLBI components. However, during almost eleven years no new component was ejected in B2005+403. In the flux density variability a trough is observed at 5-37 GHz between 1996 and 2001. This can be explained as a blending effect of jet component fluxes. Dense in time sampled flux density monitoring observations reveal intra-day variability at 1.6GHz impling a second, less dense or turbulent scattering screen at few to hundred parsec distance.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Thermodynamics of Two - Band Superconductors: The Case of MgB$_{2}$
Creators: name: Dolgov, Oleg V.
name: Kremer, Reinhard K.
name: Kortus, Jens
name: Golubov, Alexander A.
name: Shulga, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamic properties of the multiband superconductor MgB$_{2}$ have often been described using a simple sum of the standard BCS expressions corresponding to $σ$- and $π$-bands. Although, it is \textit{a priori} not clear if this approach is working always adequately, in particular in cases of strong interband scattering. Here we compare the often used approach of a sum of two independent bands using BCS-like $α$-model expressions for the specific heat, entropy and free energy to the solution of the full Eliashberg equations. The superconducting energy gaps, the free energy, the entropy and the heat capacity for varying interband scattering rates are calculated within the framework of two-band Eliashberg theory. We obtain good agreement between the phenomenological two-band $α$-model with the Eliashberg results, which delivers for the first time the theoretical verification to use the $α$-model as a useful tool for a reliable analysis of heat capacity data. For the thermodynamic potential and the entropy we demonstrate that only the sum over the contributions of the two bands has physical meaning.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
A CGE-Analysis of Energy Policies Considering Labor Market Imperfections and Technology Specifications
Creators: name: Kuster, Robert
name: Ellersdorfer, Ingo
name: Fahl, Ulrich
name: Kuster, Robert
name: Ellersdorfer, Ingo
name: Fahl, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The paper establishes a CGE/MPSGE model for evaluating energy policy measures with emphasis on their employment impacts. It specifies a dual labor market with respect to qualification, two different mechanisms for skill specific unemployment, and a technology detailed description of electricity generation. Non clearing of the dual labor market is modeled via minimum wage constraints and via wage curves. The model is exemplarily applied for the analysis of capital subsidies on the application of technologies using renewable energy sources. Quantitative results highlight that subsidies on these technologies do not automatically lead to a significant reduction in emissions. Moreover, if emission reductions are achieved these might actually partly result from negative growth effects induced by the promotion of cost inefficient technologies. Inefficiencies in the energy system increase unemployment for both skilled and unskilled labor.
Vanishing Fe 3d orbital moments in single-crystalline magnetite
Creators: name: Goering, E.
name: Gold, S.
name: Lafkioti, M.
name: Schuetz, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show detailed magnetic absorption spectroscopy results of an in situ cleaved high quality single crystal of magnetite. In addition the experimental setup was carefully optimized to reduce drift, self absorption, and offset phenomena as far as possible. In strong contradiction to recently published data, our observed orbital moments are nearly vanishing and the spin moments are quite close to the integer values proposed by theory. This very important issue supports the half metallic full spin polarized picture of magnetite.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Induced Technological Change in a Limited Foresight Optimization Model
Creators: name: Hedenus, Fredrik
name: Azar, Christian
name: Lindgren, Kristian
name: Hedenus, Fredrik
name: Azar, Christian
name: Lindgren, Kristian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The threat of global warming calls for a major transformation of the energy system the coming century. Modeling technological change is an important factor in energy systems modeling. Technological change may be treated as induced by climate policy or as exogenous. We investigate the importance of induced technological change (ITC) in GET-LFL, an iterative optimization model with limited foresight that includes learning-by-doing. Scenarios for stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentrations at 400, 450, 500 and 550 ppm are studied. We find that the introduction of ITC reduces the total net present value of the abatement cost over this century by 3-9% compared to a case where technological learning is exogenous. Technology specific polices which force the introduction of fuel cell cars and solar PV in combination with ITC reduce the costs further by 4-7% and lead to significantly different technological solutions in different sectors, primarily in the transport sector.
Ultrasoft Quark Damping in Hot QCD
Creators: name: Abada, A.
name: Daira-Aifa, N.
name: Bouakaz, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the quark damping rates in the context of next-to-leading order hard-thermal-loop summed perturbation of high-temperature QCD where weak coupling is assumed. The quarks are ultrasoft. Three types of divergent behavior are encountered: infrared, light-cone and at specific points determined by the gluon energies. The infrared divergence persists and is logarithmic whereas the two others are circumvented.
description: 16 pages
Electron Dynamics with the Time-Dependent Density Matrix Renormalization Group
Creators: name: Baiardi, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we simulate the electron dynamics in molecular systems with the Time-Dependent Density Matrix Renormalization Group (TD-DMRG) algorithm. We leverage the generality of the so-called tangent-space TD-DMRG formulation and design a computational framework in which the dynamics is driven by the exact non-relativistic electronic Hamiltonian. We show that, by parametrizing the wave function as a matrix product state, we can accurately simulate the dynamics of systems including up to 20 electrons and 32 orbitals. We apply the TD-DMRG algorithm to three problems that are hardly targeted by time-independent methods: the calculation of molecular (hyper)polarizabilities, the simulation of electronic absorption spectra, and the study of ultrafast ionization dynamics.
description: 47 pages, 11 figures
Valence changes associated with the metal-insulator transition in Bi$_{1-x}$La$_x$NiO$_3$
Creators: name: Wadati, H.
name: Takizawa, M.
name: Tran, T. T.
name: Tanaka, K.
name: Mizokawa, T.
name: Fujimori, A.
name: Chikamatsu, A.
name: Kumigashira, H.
name: Oshima, M.
name: Ishiwata, S.
name: Azuma, M.
name: Takano, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perovskite-type BiNiO$_3$ is an insulating antiferromagnet in which a charge disproportionation occurs at the Bi site. La substitution for Bi suppresses the charge disproportionation and makes the system metallic. We have measured the photoemission and x-ray absorption (XAS) spectra of Bi$_{1-x}$La$_{x}$NiO$_{3}$ to investigate how the electronic structure changes with La doping. From Ni $2p$ XAS, we observed an increase of the valence of Ni from 2+ toward 3+. Combined with the core-level photoemission study, it was found that the average valence of Bi remains $\sim 4+$ and that the Ni valence behaves as $\sim (2+x)+$, that is, La substitution results in hole doping at the Ni sites. In the valence-band photoemission spectra, we observed a Fermi cutoff for $x>0$, consistent with the metallic behavior of the La-doped compounds. The Ni $2p$ XAS, Ni $2p$ core-level photoemission, and valence-band photoemission spectra were analyzed by configuration-interaction cluster-model calculation, and the spectral line shapes were found to be consistent with the gradual Ni$^{2+} \to$ Ni$^{3+}$ valence change.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Isolated massive star formation in the A-SMASHeR survey
Creators: name: de la Fuente, Diego
name: Marco, Amparo
name: Negueruela, Ignacio
name: Patrick, Lee R.
name: Herrero, Artemio
name: Eikenberry, Stephen S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Galactic astronomy
subject: Astronomy
subject: Stellar astronomy

description: Studying the birthplaces of massive stars is crucial for understanding the role of clustering in the formation of these objects. Some authors claim that massive stars cannot be born in isolation because the vast majority of them are part of a massive cluster or have been ejected from one of these groups. However, this may be caused by an observational bias towards conspicuous regions with intense star formation activity in the Galactic plane. On the other hand, even an isolated massive star whose origin cannot be traced back to any cluster is an ambiguous case, because the natal cluster might have dissolved. The only way to ensure that an isolated massive star was born in situ is finding the remainders of its natal cloud in the shape of an H II region.  

The Alicante Survey of Massive Stars in HII regions (A-SMASHeR) addresses this issue through a selection of ~100 poorly studied HII regions. Our preliminary analysis of LIRIS/WHT photometry yields ~20% of regions showing only one or two bright central sources. EMIR/GTC spectra has been observed for part of these sources, allowing to confirm or discard their membership, their massive nature, and therefore their role as ionizing sources.

In this contribution, we present a photometric characterization of an A-SMASHeR region where massive star formation have occurred in relative isolation.
DISTRIBUTION CHALLENGES AND AGRICULTURAL MARKET PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
Creators: name: Funmilayo, T. Olumide
Publisher: name: noland journal
Year: 2024
Subjects: Physical Distribution, Distribution Channels, Marketing, Agricultural Products, Nigeria

description: This examines the effect of physical distribution in marketing of agricultural products with reference Ekiti State farmer, Ado-Ekiti. The specific objectives are: to determine the problems that affects the selection of channels of distribution for agricultural products, identify the basic components of physical distribution of agricultural marketing used in the area and identify physical distribution strategies necessary or applicable for perishable agricultural products. The study utilized survey research while the population of interest is limited to the customers of Ekiti State farmer, Ado-Ekiti. The sample size of 300 was randomly selected from the population. Findings shows that lack of basic infrastructure like access roads has significant effect on agricultural products in is accepted and the null hypothesis is therefore rejected. The study concludes that physical distribution as one of the major components of the marketing mix has a vital role to play in the marketing of agricultural products in the area. Recommendation shows that Provision of adequate facilities both by organized private sector, individuals and government to assist in the agricultural products all year round
Additional file 1 of HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase homology model provides structural basis for sensitivity to existing nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Creators: name: Tardiota, Nicolas
name: Jaberolansar, Noushin
name: Lackenby, Julia A.
name: Chappell, Keith J.
name: O’Donnell, Jake S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. A Plots of predicted alignment error (PAE) for 5 different HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase models generated using Alphafold2, the model with the lowest PAE (rank_1) was used. B Cartoon representation of the Alphafold2 model theoretically complexed with DNA (green) using HERV-K (PDBID:7SR6) and MMLV (PDBID:4MH8) models. C Cartoon representation of theoretical HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase (Alphafold2) (light pink) overlayed with energy-minimized structure (GROMACS 5.3.1) (dark pink) (left). Backbone structural divergence measured as R.M.S.D. (Å) and depicted as blue (low) to grey (high) colour gradient (right). Inlay represents the active site (predicted site of reverse transcriptase inhibitor binding) amino acids for the non-energy minimized (pink) and energy minimized (light pink) structures. Fig. S2. A Molecular surface diagram of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs) binding site (allosteric site) highlighted purple (left). Interaction plots of indicated NNRTIs in the active site in their most energetically favourable conformation (1 of 10) (right). B Molecular surface diagram of HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs) binding site (allosteric site) highlighted purple (left). C Data summary of molecular docking testing 10 different conformations in either the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase or HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase. D Molecular surface diagram of HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs) binding site (active site) highlighted purple (left). Inlay of Mg2+ coordination within the active site.
Surface Reactivity and Quantum-Size effects on the Electronic Density Decay Length of ultrathin Metal Films
Creators: name: Binggeli, N.
name: Altarelli, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the correlation between surface reactivity and quantum-size effects, observed in recent experiments on the oxidation of ultrathin magnesium films, is addressed by means of ab-initio calculations and model predictions. We show that the decay length in vacuum of the electronic local density of states at the Fermi energy exhibits systematic oscillations with film thickness, with local maxima induced when a quantum well state at k// = 0 crosses the Fermi energy. The predicted changes in the decay length are expected to have a major impact on the electron transfer rate by tunneling, which has been proposed to control the initial sticking of O2 in the oxidation process.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Directed Technical Change and Climate Policy
Creators: name: Otto, Vincent M.
name: Loschel, Andreas
name: Reilly, John M.
name: Otto, Vincent M.
name: Loschel, Andreas
name: Reilly, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper studies the cost effectiveness of climate policy if there are technology externalities. For this purpose, we develop a forward-looking CGE model that captures empirical links between CO2 emissions associated with energy use, directed technical change and the economy. We find the cost-effective climate policy to include a combination of R&D subsidies and CO2 emission constraints, although R&D subsidies raise the shadow value of the CO2 constraint (i.e. CO2 price) because of a strong rebound effect from stimulating innovation. Furthermore, we find that CO2 constraints differentiated toward CO2-intensive sectors are more cost effective than constraints that generate uniform CO2 prices among sectors. Differentiated CO2 prices, through technical change and concomitant technology externalities, encourage growth in the non-CO2 intensive sectors and discourage growth in CO2-intensive sectors. Thus, it is cost effective to let the latter bear relatively more of the abatement burden. This result is robust to whether emission constraints, R&D subsidies or combinations of both are used to reduce CO2 emissions.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/19/06.
Costs of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Case Study of India's Power Generation Sector
Creators: name: Gupta, Manish
name: Gupta, Manish
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: If India were to participate in any international effort towards mitigating CO2 emissions, the power sector which is one of the largest emitters of CO2 in the country would be required to play a major role. In this context the study estimates the marginal abatement costs, which correspond to the costs incurred by the power plants to reduce one unit of CO2 from the current level. The study uses an output distance function approach and its duality with the revenue function to derive these costs for a sample of thermal plants in India. Two sets of exercises have been undertaken. The average shadow prices of CO2 for the sample of thermal plants for the period 1991-92 to 1999-2000 was estimated to be respectively Rs.3380.59 and Rs.2401.99 per ton for the two models. These shadow prices can be used for designing environmental policies and market-based instruments for controlling pollution in the power sector in India.
The unearthed smile: examining an 18th/19th century fixed dental bridge from the 3rd Order of Our Lady of Carmo burial site (Porto, Portugal).
Creators: name: Vassallo, Steffi
name: Esteves, Alexandra Patrícia Lopes
name: Assis, Sandra
name: Rodrigues, Zélia
name: Márquez-Grant, Nicholas
name: Malcherek, Anne
name: Pereira, Manuel F. C.
name: Pal Chowdhury, Manasij
name: Alves Cardoso, Francisca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Abstract: This study investigates a fixed dental bridge and explores the medical management of oral disease in 18th and 19thcentury Portugal. The bridge, alongside the remains of an adult individual of indeterminate sex, was exhumed from a burialsite in Porto, Portugal, which was in use between 1801 and 1869. Although the skeletal remains were well preserved andfairly complete, the maxilla was found to be edentulous and the mandible missing, with only two teeth found loose: thelower left first premolar and lower left second molar. The bridge was analysed using macro stereomicroscopy, multiscaleX-ray micro-CT imaging, X-ray diffraction and non-destructive ZooMS. The bridge (24x6x12 mm), which is made from bone(possibly from the Bovidae or Cervidae family), displays the outline of three rudimentary ‘teeth’ and features two holes oneach side. Micro-CT imaging and X-ray diffraction respectively identified an embedded material inside the top left cornermade of lead compounds, primarily pyromorphite and cerussite. Considering the overall shape and the edentulous maxilla,it is probable that the bridge was either fitted over the right mandibular incisors and canine or served as a substitute forthem. However, the absence of the mandible and all of the mandibular teeth apart from the left first premolar and leftsecond molar currently prevents confirmation of either possibility. This study provides valuable insights into 18th and 19thcentury dental procedures, notably marking the first known instance of such a bridge in Portuguese history.

This poster was presented at The 25th Annual Conference of the British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology (6-8 September 2024) at Keele Hall, Keele University, United Kingdom.
Uniqueness and Indeterminacy of Equilibria in a Model with Polluting Emissions
Creators: name: Bella, Giovanni
name: Bella, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Is pollution a dirty word? To answer this question we develop an endogenous growth model à la Rebelo (1991) where dirtiness becomes a fundamental choice variable for the economy to grow. Conclusions to our analysis say that a positive sustainable economic growth is attainable only if polluting production activities are taken into account. Moreover, transitional dynamics points out that local stability and uniqueness of equilibria are also achieved.