cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Induced Ferromagnetism at BiFeO3/YBa2Cu3O7 Interfaces
Creators: name: Zhu, Jian-Xin
name: Wen, Xiao-Dong
name: Haraldsen, J. T.
name: He, Mi
name: Panagopoulos, C.
name: Chia, Elbert E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition metal oxides (TMOs) exhibit many emergent phenomena ranging from high-temperature superconductivity and giant magnetoresistance to magnetism and ferroelectricity. In addition, when TMOs are interfaced with each other, new functionalities can arise, which are absent in individual components. Here, we report results from first-principles calculations on the magnetism at the BiFeO3/YBa2Cu3O7 interfaces. By comparing the total energy for various magnetic spin configurations inside BiFeO3, we are able to show that a metallic ferromagnetism is induced near the interface. We further develop an interface exchange-coupling model and place the extracted exchange coupling interaction strengths, from the first-principles calculations, into a resultant generic phase diagram. Our conclusion of interfacial ferromagnetism is confirmed by the presence of a hysteresis loop in field-dependent magnetization data. The emergence of interfacial ferromagnetism should have implications to electronic and transport properties.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Constraining the cosmic merger history of intermediate-mass black holes with gravitational wave detectors
Creators: name: Fragione, Giacomo
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) have not been detected beyond any reasonable doubt through either dynamical or accretion signatures. Gravitational waves (GWs) represent an unparalleled opportunity to survey the sky and detect mergers of IMBHs, making it possible for the first time to constrain their formation, growth, and merger history across cosmic time. While the current network LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA is significantly limited in detecting mergers of IMBH binaries, the next generation of ground-based observatories and space-based missions promise to shed light on the IMBH population through the detection of several events per year. Here, we asses this possibility by determining the optimal network of next-generation of GW observatories to reconstruct the IMBH merger history across cosmic time. We show that Voyager, the Einstein Telescope, and Cosmic Explorer will be able to constrain the distribution of the primary masses of merging IMBHs up to $\sim 10^3\ M_\odot$ and with mass ratio $\gtrsim 0.1$, while LISA will complementary do so at higher mass and smaller mass ratios. Therefore, a network of next-generation ground-based and space-based observatories will potentially reconstruct the merger history of IMBHs. Moreover, IMBHs with masses $\lesssim 5\times 10^3\ M_\odot$ could be observed in multiband up to a redshift of $z\approx 4$, ushering in a new of era GW astronomy.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted by ApJ
Simulations of Cosmic Ray Ensembles originated nearby the Sun
Creators: name: Alvarez-Castillo, David E.
name: Sushchov, Oleksandr
name: Homola, Piotr
name: Beznosko, Dmitriy
name: Budnev, Nikolai
name: Góra, Dariusz
name: Gupta, Alok C.
name: Hnatyk, Bohdan
name: Kasztelan, Marcin
name: Kovacs, Peter
name: Łozowski, Bartosz
name: Medvedev, Mikhail V.
name: Miszczyk, Justyna
name: Mozgova, Alona
name: Nazari, Vahab
name: Niedźwiecki, Michał
name: Pawlik, Maciej
name: Rosas, Matías
name: Rzecki, Krzysztof
name: Smelcerz, Katarzyna
name: Smolek, Karel
name: Stasielak, Jarosław
name: Stuglik, Sławomir
name: Svanidze, Manana
name: Tursunov, Arman
name: Verbetsky, Yuri
name: Wibig, Tadeusz
name: Zamora-Saa, Jilberto
name: Poncyljusz, Bożena
name: Mędrala, Justyna
name: Opiła, Gabriela
name: Bibrzyck, Łukasz
name: Piekarczyk, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) are yet not observed groups of cosmic rays with a common primary interaction vertex or the same parent particle. One of the processes capable of initiating identifiable CRE is an interaction of an ultra-high energy (UHE) photon with the solar magnetic field which results in an electron pair production and the subsequent synchrotron radiation. The resultant electromagnetic cascade forms a very characteristic line-like front of a very small width ($\sim$ meters), stretching from tens of thousands to even many millions of kilometers. In this contribution we present the results of applying a toy model to simulate detections of such CRE at the ground level with an array of ideal detectors of different dimensions. The adopted approach allows us to assess the CRE detection feasibility for a specific configuration of a detector array. The process of initiation and propagation of an electromagnetic cascade originated from an UHE photon passing near the Sun, as well as the resultant particle distribution on ground, were simulated using the CORSIKA program with the PRESHOWER option, both modified accordingly. The studied scenario results in photons forming a cascade that extends even over tens of millions of kilometers when it arrives at the top of the Earth's atmosphere, and the photon energies span practically the whole cosmic ray energy spectrum. The topology of the signal consists of very extended CRE shapes, and the characteristic, very much elongated disk-shape of the particle distribution on ground illustrates the potential for identification of CRE of this type.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of the International Cosmic Rays Conference 2021, 12-23 July, Berlin, Germany
Discrete absorption components in the massive LBV Binary MWC 314
Creators: name: Lobel, A.
name: Martayan, C.
name: Corcoran, M.
name: Groh, J. H.
name: Frémat, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the physical properties of large-scale wind structures around massive hot stars with radiatively-driven winds. We observe Discrete Absorption Components (DACs) in optical He I P Cygni lines of the LBV binary MWC 314 (Porb=60.8 d). The DACs are observed during orbital phases when the primary is in front of the secondary star. They appear at wind velocities between -100 km/s and -600 km/s in the P Cyg profiles of He I lam5875, lam6678, and lam4471, signaling high-temperature expanding wind regions of enhanced density and variable outflow velocity. The DACs can result from wave propagation linked to the orbital motion near the low-velocity wind base. The He I lines indicate DAC formation close to the primary's surface in high-temperature wind regions in front of its orbit, or in dynamical wind regions confined between the binary stars. We observed the DACs with Mercator-HERMES on 5 Sep 2009, 5 May 2012, and 6 May 2014 when the primary is in front of the secondary star. XMM-Newton observations of 6 May 2014 significantly detected MWC 314 in X-rays at an average rate of ~0.015 cts/s.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures, to appear in IAUS 307, 2014, Proc. of New windows on massive stars: asteroseismology, interferometry, and spectropolarimetry, Geneva, Switzerland, June 23-27, 2014
Switching off the news: What a discourse analysis of digital platforms’ response to Australia’s News Media and Digital Platforms Bargaining Code reveals about ideology and power
Creators: name: Heylen, Kelly
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: On 17 February 2021, Facebook restricted the posting and sharing of news in Australia. After many months of silence, this was Facebook’s final tactic in its campaign to avoid being regulated under Australia’s News Media Bargaining Code. The Code is aimed at addressing the power imbalance between digital platforms and news publishers, particularly Google and Facebook, which are the subjects of this thesis. Following a Foucauldian framework, this thesis employs a discourse analysis of platforms’ responses to The Code, to examine what this reveals about platform power and ideology, and how these contributed to a social, economic, and technological landscape where platforms were able to switch off the news. The academic literature on platform discourse is skewed towards user-generated content published on platforms, and, in contrast, this thesis contributes to the understanding of discourse produced by platforms themselves. This thesis concludes that platforms use their discursive power to reinforce their dominant ideology of neoliberalism via the attention economy, and push towards platform sovereignty. In particular, platforms interpellate users as subjects through the graphical user interface and the unprecedented access this provides, to facilitate maximum data production, extraction, and monetisation of user attention. Google and Facebook use their dominant ideological position and censorial power to issue threats to governments who may be considering future regulation. It is hoped this thesis, by revealing platforms’ discursive strategies, will assist governments globally in designing effective legislation and responses, in order to curb platform power. This thesis also suggests future areas of research, including broadening the scope of analysis of platform responses to regulation, and conducting a comparison between the Australian case study and others of platforms’ and governments’ role in platform regulation.
Induced magnetization in La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/BiFeO$_3$ superlattices
Creators: name: Singh, S.
name: Haraldsen, J. T.
name: Xiong, J.
name: Choi, E. M.
name: Lu, P.
name: Yi, D.
name: Wen, X. -D.
name: Liu, J.
name: Wang, H.
name: Bi, Z.
name: Yu, P.
name: Fitzsimmons, M. R.
name: MacManus-Driscoll, J. L.
name: Ramesh, R.
name: Balatsky, A. V.
name: Zhu, Jian-Xin
name: Jia, Q. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR), we observe an induced magnetization of 75$\pm$ 25 kA/m at 10 K in a La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ (LSMO)/BiFeO$_3$ superlattice extending from the interface through several atomic layers of the BiFeO$_3$ (BFO). The induced magnetization in BFO is explained by density functional theory, where the size of bandgap of BFO plays an important role. Considering a classical exchange field between the LSMO and BFO layers, we further show that magnetization is expected to extend throughout the BFO, which provides a theoretical explanation for the results of the neutron scattering experiment.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, with Supplemental Materials. To appear in Physical Review Letters
Where Play, Research and Practice meet: Envisioning collaboration between researchers and local organisations for children's right to play
Creators: name: Veiga-Seijo, Silvia
name: Casey, Theresa
name: Humble, Susan
name: James, Ethan
name: Jackson, Jeanne
name: Kantartzis, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Making children's right to play real requires us to bring research, practice, and policies together to understand and demonstrate the significance of play occupations in children's lives. Although a well-known challenge, where the importance of play sometimes remains 'hidden', collaboration between research and practice is pivotal to bridging the gap and enacting children's right to play. In the European P4PLAY programme, a doctoral student had the opportunity to build research with a local organisation, East Lothian Play Association. The research aims to understand children's and community members' perspectives for a play-friendly community in a deprived community of East Lothian, where children are co-researchers and with the view to impacting policies and practices. The partnership led to the creation of an Advisory Group to co-design the research's practical methodological aspects and knowledge mobilisation. This paper presents an example of how a partnership with a local play organisation supported research by giving valuable advice on familiarisation with the community, entering the field, creating connections, and recruiting participants. This collaboration leads to knowledge mobilisation and enacting actions from the research's implications. The partnership helps us to envision social transformation where implementation of the right to play is led by children's knowledge and experience.
Simulations studies for the Mini-EUSO detector
Creators: name: Miyamoto, H.
name: Fenu, F.
name: Barghini, D.
name: Battisti, M.
name: Belov, A.
name: Bertaina, M. E.
name: Bisconti, F.
name: Bonino, R.
name: Cambie, G.
name: Capel, F.
name: Casolino, M.
name: Churilo, I.
name: Ebisuzaki, T.
name: Fuglesang, C.
name: Golzio, A.
name: Gorodetzky, P.
name: Kajino, F.
name: Klimov, P.
name: Manfrin, M.
name: Marcelli, L.
name: Marszał, W.
name: Mignone, M.
name: Parizot, E.
name: Picozza, P.
name: Piotrowski, L. W.
name: Plebaniak, Z.
name: Prévôt, G.
name: Reali, E.
name: Ricci, M.
name: Sakaki, N.
name: Shinozaki, K.
name: Suino, G.
name: Szabelski, J.
name: Takizawa, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mini-EUSO is a mission of the JEM-EUSO program flying onboard the International Space Station since August 2019. Since the first data acquisition in October 2019, more than 35 sessions have been performed for a total of 52 hours of observations. The detector has been observing Earth at night-time in the UV range and detected a wide variety of transient sources all of which have been modelled through Monte Carlo simulations. Mini-EUSO is also capable of detecting meteors and potentially space debris and we performed simulations for such events to estimate their impact on future missions for cosmic ray science from space. We show here examples of the simulation work done in this framework to analyse the Mini-EUSO data. The expected response of Mini-EUSO with respect to ultra high energy cosmic ray showers has been studied. The efficiency curve of Mini-EUSO as a function of primary energy has been estimated and the energy threshold for Cosmic Rays has been placed to be above 10^{21} eV. We compared the morphology of several transient events detected during the mission with cosmic ray simulations and excluded that they can be due to cosmic ray showers. To validate the energy threshold of the detector, a system of ground based flashers is being used for end-to-end calibration purposes. We therefore implemented a parameterisation of such flashers into the JEM-EUSO simulation framework and studied the response of the detector with respect to such sources.
Making a case for power-sensitive water modelling: a literature review
Creators: name: Ter Horst, Rozemarijn
name: Alba, Rossella
name: Vos, Jeroen
name: Rusca, Maria
name: Godinez Madrigal, Jonatan
name: Babel, Lucie V.
name: Veldwisch, Gert Jan
name: Venot, Jean-Philippe
name: Bonté, Bruno
name: Walker, David W.
name: Krueger, Tobias
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: Models are widely used to research hydrological change and risk. However, the power embedded in the modelling process and outcomes is often concealed by claiming their neutrality. Our review shows that in the scientific literature relatively little attention is given to the influence of models on development processes and outcomes in water governance. At the same time, an emerging body of work offering critical insights into the political implications of hydrological models and a nuanced understanding of their application in context has begun to flourish. Drawing on this work, we call for power-sensitive modelling which includes the following considerations: take a holistic approach to modelling beyond programming and coding; foster accountability; work towards just and equitable water distributions; be transparent about the expectations and choices made; and democratise modelling by giving space to and being mindful of representations of multiple bodies of knowledge and multiple stakeholders and by incorporating marginalised people and nature into the modelling process. Our call should not be understood as a suggestion to do away with modelling altogether, but rather as an invitation to interrogate how quantitative models may help to foster transformative pathways towards more just and equitable water distributions.
Towards robust constraints on nuclear effective field theory from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Illa, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We will discuss several new results from the NPLQCD Collaboration that combine lattice QCD results on (hyper)nuclear systems at unphysical pion masses together with nuclear effective field theories. Two-baryon channels with strangeness $0$ to $-4$ are analyzed, with findings that point to interesting symmetries observed in hypernuclear forces as predicted in the limit of QCD with a large number of colors. Also, several matrix elements of light nuclei are studied. The tritium axial charge, related to the Gamow-Teller matrix element, and the longitudinal momentum fraction of $^3$He that is carried by the isovector combination of $u$ and $d$ are extracted and extrapolated to the physical point. For this latter case, it can be seen how including lattice results to experimental determinations can have imminent potential to enable more precise determinations and to reveal the QCD origins of the EMC effect.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures. Talk presented at the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, LATTICE2021 26th-30th July, 2021 Zoom/Gather@Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Accuracy of four commercial systems for identification of Burkholderia cepacia and other gram-negative nonfermenting bacilli recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Burkholderia cepacia has recently been recognized as an important pathogen in chronic lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Because of the social, psychological, and medical implications of the isolation of B. cepacia from CF patients, accurate identification of this organism is essential. We compared the accuracies of four commercial systems developed for the identification of nonfermenting, gram-negative bacilli with that of conventional biochemical testing for 150 nonfermenters including 58 isolates of B. cepacia recovered from respiratory secretions from CF patients. The accuracies of the four systems for identifying all nonfermenters ranged from 57 to 80%, with the RapID NF Plus system being most accurate. The accuracies of these systems for identifying B. cepacia ranged from 43 to 86%, with the Remel system being most accurate. Depending on the commercial system, from two to seven isolates were misidentified as B. cepacia. The relatively poor performance of the commercial systems requires that identification of certain nonfermenters be confirmed by conventional biochemical testing. These organisms include B. cepacia, Burkholderia sp. other than B. cepacia, and infrequently encountered environmental species (Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium species). In addition, conventional biochemical testing should be done if a commercial system fails to assign an identification to an organism. Confirmatory testing should preferably be performed by a reference laboratory with experience in working organisms isolated from CF patients.
Comparison of mycobacteria growth indicator tube with BACTEC 460 for detection and recovery of mycobacteria from clinical specimens.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: We compared the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) system with the BACTEC 460 (B460) and Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) systems for the recovery of mycobacteria (acid-fast bacteria [AFB]) from 1,441 clinical specimens. Excluding 13 isolates of Mycobacterium gordonae, 178 significant AFB isolates were recovered from 113 patients. Isolates (119) of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) accounted for 67% of all isolates, while isolates (30) of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) accounted for 17% of isolates. The MGIT system recovered 98 (82%) MAC and 27 (90%) MTB isolates, while the B460 system recovered 101 (85%) MAC and 28 (93%) MTB isolates and the LJ system recovered 91 (76%) MAC and 25 (83%) MTB isolates. Overall, the MGIT system recovered 152 isolates of AFB (85.4% sensitivity), and the B460 and LJ systems recovered 151 (84.8% sensitivity) and 137 (76.9% sensitivity) AFB isolates, respectively. The recoveries of AFB with combinations of media were as follows: MGIT + LJ, 93.2%; B460 + LJ, 92.1%; and MGIT + B460, 96.6%. Although the sensitivity of MGIT was equivalent to that of B460, MGIT required a longer incubation (median, 11 days) than did B460 (median, 8 days) to become positive (P < 0.05).
An Approach for Text Steganography Based on Markov Chains
Creators: name: Moraldo, H. Hernan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.4.6
subject: 68P25, 94A60

description: A text steganography method based on Markov chains is introduced, together with a reference implementation. This method allows for information hiding in texts that are automatically generated following a given Markov model. Other Markov - based systems of this kind rely on big simplifications of the language model to work, which produces less natural looking and more easily detectable texts. The method described here is designed to generate texts within a good approximation of the original language model provided.
description: Presented at 41 JAIIO - WSegI 2012
Αξιολόγηση μεταθανάτιων συγκεντρώσεων φαρμάκων και άλλων ουσιών στα βιολογικά δείγματα
Creators: name: Σάρδη, Αικατερίνη Παναγιώτη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Δικαστική τοξικολογία
Μεταθανάτια ανακατανομή
Αξιολόγηση αποτελεσμάτων τοξικολογικών εξετάσεων
Forensic toxicology
Postmortem redistribution
Evaluation of toxicological test results

description: Οι δηλητηριάσεις από φάρμακα αποτελούν ένα από τα συχνότερα φαινόμενα στη ρουτίνα των εργαστηρίων Τοξικολογίας. Ωστόσο, όσο κοινές κι αν είναι, οι δηλητηριάσεις που καταλήγουν στον θάνατο παραμένουν μια ιδιαίτερη πρόκληση για τους επιστήμονες Τοξικολόγους. Υπάρχει μια πληθώρα δεδομένων και τιμών αναφοράς για θεραπευτικές και τοξικές συγκεντρώσεις στα βιολογικά δείγματα των εν ζωή ανθρώπων τα οποία δυστυχώς δεν βρίσκουν εφαρμογή στις περιπτώσεις των μεταθανάτιων δειγμάτων. Σημαντικές βιολογικές διαδικασίες που ακολουθούν τον θάνατο είναι σε θέση να τροποποιήσουν τις συγκεντρώσεις των φαρμάκων στα βιολογικά δείγματα, αποπροσανατολίζοντας τους Τοξικολόγους. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει τις μεταβολές που λαμβάνουν χώρα μετά τον θάνατο καθώς και τους τρόπους αξιολόγησης των μεταθανάτιων συγκεντρώσεων ουσιών προκειμένου να διερευνηθούν και να προσδιοριστούν τα αίτια θανάτου.
description: Drug intoxications are one of the most frequent cases in the routine of toxicology laboratories. Despite their common occurrence, intoxications that lead to death remain a particular challenge for Toxicologists. There is a wealth of data and reference concentrations for therapeutical and toxic concentrations which are calculated in living humans’ specimens. Unfortunately, these data are not applicable to specimens that are collected after death. Important biological processes following death are capable of modifying drug concentrations in biological specimens, causing the disorientation of Toxicologists. The aim of this study is to present the changes that take place after death as well as the ways of evaluating the postmortem concentrations of substances in order to investigate and define the cause of death.
Decomposing the local arrow of time in interacting systems
Creators: name: Lynn, Christopher W.
name: Holmes, Caroline M.
name: Bialek, William
name: Schwab, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We show that the evidence for a local arrow of time, which is equivalent to the entropy production in thermodynamic systems, can be decomposed. In a system with many degrees of freedom, there is a term that arises from the irreversible dynamics of the individual variables, and then a series of non--negative terms contributed by correlations among pairs, triplets, and higher--order combinations of variables. We illustrate this decomposition on simple models of noisy logical computations, and then apply it to the analysis of patterns of neural activity in the retina as it responds to complex dynamic visual scenes. We find that neural activity breaks detailed balance even when the visual inputs do not, and that this irreversibility arises primarily from interactions between pairs of neurons.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Multicenter evaluation of four methods for Clostridium difficile detection: ImmunoCard C. difficile, cytotoxin assay, culture, and latex agglutination.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: A three-center study was undertaken to compare several test methods for the detection of Clostridium difficile, associated toxin, or related markers by using 927 stool specimens. Methods included direct assay of cytotoxin in stool by tissue culture, C. difficile bacterial culture followed by cytotoxin assay, bacterial culture alone, latex agglutination assay, and the ImmunoCard C. difficile test (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc.). The sensitivities, as determined against direct cytotoxin assay results, of the ImmunoCard C. difficile and latex agglutination assays were 84 and 67%, respectively (92 and 77%, respectively, when adjusted for bacterial culture outcomes). Evaluation for C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) among 864 patients was based on clinical criteria for antibiotic-associated diarrhea combined with laboratory evidence of toxin or toxin-producing C. difficile in stool specimens. The sensitivity of each test method for screening of CDAD was as follows: bacterial culture, 95%; culture with cytotoxin assay of isolates, 90%; ImmunoCard C. difficile test, 83%; cytotoxin assay 82%; and latex agglutination assay, 67% (P < or = 0.05 versus all other methods). The standard deviations of the test sensitivity statistics between study sites were ranked as follows: cytotoxin assay (+/- 3.1%) < ImmunoCard C. difficile test (+/- 5.7%) < latex agglutination assay (+/- 12.3%) < culture (+/- 24.7%) < culture with cytotoxin assay (+/- 28.0%). The data support the use of the ImmunoCard C. difficile test as an adjunct for the diagnosis of CDAD.
Wavefront sensing from the image domain with the Oxford-SWIFT integral field spectrograph
Creators: name: Pope, Benjamin
name: Thatte, Niranjan
name: Burruss, Rick
name: Tecza, Matthias
name: Clarke, Fraser
name: Cotter, Garret
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The limits for adaptive-optics (AO) imaging at high contrast and high resolution are determined by residual phase errors from non-common-path aberrations not sensed by the wavefront sensor, especially for integral field spectrographs, where phase diversity techniques are complicated by the image slicer. We present the first application of kernel phase-based wavefront sensing to ground-based AO, where an asymmetric pupil mask and a single image are sufficient to map aberrations up to high order. We push toward internally diffraction-limited performance with the Oxford-SWIFT integral field spectrograph coupled with the PALM-3000 extreme AO system on the Palomar 200-inch telescope. This represents the first observation in which the PALM-3000 + SWIFT internal point-spread-function has closely approached the Airy pattern. While this can only be used on SWIFT with an internal stimulus source, as at short wavelengths the uncorrected atmospheric wavefront errors are still > 1 radian, this nevertheless demonstrates the feasibility of detecting non-common-path errors with this method as an active optics paradigm for near-infrared, AO-corrected instruments at Palomar. We note that this is a particularly promising approach for correcting integral field spectrographs, as the diversity of many narrowband images provides strong constraints on the wavefront error estimate, and the average of reconstructions from many narrow bands can be used to improve overall reconstruction quality.
description: 8 Pages, 3 Figures, submitted to SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014
Metabolic Adaptions/Reprogramming in Islet Beta-Cells in Response to Physiological Stimulators—What Are the Consequences
Creators: name: Fernandes Cruzat, Vinicius
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Cell metabolism

description: Irreversible pancreatic β-cell damage may be a result of chronic exposure to supraphysiological glucose or lipid concentrations or chronic exposure to therapeutic anti-diabetic drugs. The β-cells are able to respond to blood glucose in a narrow concentration range and release insulin in response, following activation of metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and the TCA cycle. The β-cell cannot protect itself from glucose toxicity by blocking glucose uptake, but indeed relies on alternative metabolic protection mechanisms to avoid dysfunction and death. Alteration of normal metabolic pathway function occurs as a counter regulatory response to high nutrient, inflammatory factor, hormone or therapeutic drug concentrations. Metabolic reprogramming is a term widely used to describe a change in regulation of various metabolic enzymes and transporters, usually associated with cell growth and proliferation and may involve reshaping epigenetic responses, in particular the acetylation and methylation of histone proteins and DNA. Other metabolic modifications such as Malonylation, Succinylation, Hydroxybutyrylation, ADP-ribosylation, and Lactylation, may impact regulatory processes, many of which need to be investigated in detail to contribute to current advances in metabolism. By describing multiple mechanisms of metabolic adaption that are available to the β-cell across its lifespan, we hope to identify sites for metabolic reprogramming mechanisms, most of which are incompletely described or understood. Many of these mechanisms are related to prominent antioxidant responses. Here, we have attempted to describe the key β-cell metabolic adaptions and changes which are required for survival and function in various physiological, pathological and pharmacological conditions.
Discovery of a Companion Candidate in the HD169142 Transition Disk and the Possibility of Multiple Planet Formation
Creators: name: Reggiani, Maddalena
name: Quanz, Sascha P.
name: Meyer, Michael R.
name: Pueyo, Laurent
name: Absil, Olivier
name: Amara, Adam
name: Anglada, Guillem
name: Avenhaus, Henning
name: Girard, Julien H.
name: Gonzalez, Carlos Carrasco
name: James, Graham
name: Mawet, Dimitri
name: Meru, Farzana
name: Milli, Julien
name: Osorio, Mayra
name: Wolff, Schuyler
name: Torrelles, Jose-Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present L' and J-band high-contrast observations of HD169142, obtained with the VLT/NACO AGPM vector vortex coronagraph and the Gemini Planet Imager, respectively. A source located at 0".156+/-0".032 north of the host star (PA=7.4+/-11.3 degrees) appears in the final reduced L' image. At the distance of the star (~145 pc), this angular separation corresponds to a physical separation of 22.7+/-4.7 AU, locating the source within the recently resolved inner cavity of the transition disk. The source has a brightness of L'=12.2+/-0.5 mag, whereas it is not detected in the J band (J>13.8 mag). If its L' brightness arose solely from the photosphere of a companion and given the J-L' color constraints, it would correspond to a 28-32 MJupiter object at the age of the star, according to the COND models. Ongoing accretion activity of the star suggests, however, that gas is left in the inner disk cavity from which the companion could also be accreting. In this case the object could be lower in mass and its luminosity enhanced by the accretion process and by a circumplanetary disk. A lower mass object is more consistent with the observed cavity width. Finally, the observations enable us to place an upper limit on the L'-band flux of a second companion candidate orbiting in the disk annular gap at ~50 AU, as suggested by millimeter observations. If the second companion is also confirmed, HD169142 might be forming a planetary system, with at least two companions opening gaps and possibly interacting with each other.
description: Accepted to ApJL, see also Biller et al. 2014
Isoscalar and isovector pairing in a formalism of quartets
Creators: name: Sambataro, M.
name: Sandulescu, N.
name: Johnson, C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isoscalar (T=0,J=1) and isovector (T=1,J=0) pairing correlations in the ground state of self-conjugate nuclei are treated in terms of alpha-like quartets built by two protons and two neutrons coupled to total isospin T=0 and total angular momentum J=0. Quartets are constructed dynamically via an iterative variational procedure and the ground state is represented as a product of such quartets. It is shown that the quartet formalism describes accurately the ground state energies of realistic isovector plus isoscalar pairing Hamiltonians in nuclei with valence particles outside the 16O, 40Ca and 100Sn cores. Within the quartet formalism we analyse the competition between isovector and isoscalar pairing correlations and find that for nuclei with the valence nucleons above the cores 40Ca and 100Sn the isovector correlations account for the largest fraction of the total pairing correlations. This is not the case for sd-shell nuclei for which isoscalar correlations prevail. Contrary to many mean-field studies, isovector and isoscalar pairing correlations mix significantly in the quartet approach.
description: 13 pages
Confirmation of the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria in mycobacterial growth indicator tubes (MGIT) by multiplex strand displacement amplification.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Multiplex strand displacement amplification (mSDA) is capable of amplifying three distinct DNA sequences simultaneously. These include sequences present in most genera of mycobacteria, a sequence specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and an internal control. mSDA was used to detect the presence of these target sequences in 154 (72 positive, 76 negative, and 6 failed) clinical specimens cultured in the mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) system. A wide variety of specimen types were processed and cultured. Once these cultures were deemed positive by MGIT fluorescence or were deemed negative after 8 weeks of incubation, MGIT culture aliquots were processed for mSDA analyses. A chemiluminescent microwell assay was used to detect the amplified products. The procedure was relatively simple and took less than 6 h to complete. The sensitivity of mSDA for detecting acid-fast bacilli was 96.4% compared to that of MGIT culture. Sensitivity and specificity were 97.2 and 96.1%, respectively, when all clinical criteria were considered. mSDA was shown to be a rapid and effective method for confirming the presence of M. tuberculosis and other mycobacteria in positive MGIT cultures.
Measurement of UV light emission of the nighttime Earth by Mini-EUSO for space-based UHECR observations
Creators: name: Shinozaki, K.
name: Bolmgren, K.
name: Barghini, D.
name: Battisti, M.
name: Belov, A.
name: Bertaina, M.
name: Bisconti, F.
name: Cambiè, G.
name: Capel, F.
name: Casolino, M.
name: Fenu, F.
name: Golzio, A.
name: Plebaniak, Z.
name: Przybylak, M.
name: Szabelski, J.
name: Sakaki, N.
name: Takizawa, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The JEM-EUSO (Joint Experiment Missions for Extreme Universe Space Observatory) program aims at the realization of the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) observation using wide field of view fluorescence detectors in orbit. Ultra-violet (UV) light emission from the atmosphere such as airglow and anthropogenic light on the Earth's surface are the main background for the space-based UHECR observations. The Mini-EUSO mission has been operated on the International Space Station (ISS) since 2019 which is the first space-based experiment for the program. The Mini-EUSO instrument consists of a 25 cm refractive optics and the photo-detector module with the 2304-pixel array of the multi-anode photomultiplier tubes. On the nadir-looking window of the ISS, the instrument is capable of continuously monitoring a ~300 km x 300 km area. In the present work, we report the preliminary result of the measurement of the UV light in the nighttime Earth using the Mini-EUSO data downlinked to the ground. We mapped UV light distribution both locally and globally below the ISS obit. Simulations were also made to characterize the instrument response to diffuse background light. We discuss the impact of such light on space-based UHECR observations and the Mini-EUSO science objectives.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, presented in 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (Berlin)
Development of an antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance system for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Malawi: comparison of methods.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to gentamicin, the primary treatment for gonorrhea in Malawi since 1993, was determined by using agar dilution MICs, E-test MICs, disc diffusion, and clinical cure rate. Agar dilution MICs were slightly higher in 1996 than in 1993 isolates, with a concomitant drop in the clinical cure rate. E-test MICs were substantially lower than agar dilution determinations, with only 77.4% within 1 log2 concentration.
Two Approaches for the Passive Charge Management of Contactless Test Masses
Creators: name: Wang, S.
name: Saraf, S.
name: Lipa, J.
name: Yadav, D.
name: Buchman, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Free floating Test Masses (TM) of inertial reference instruments accumulate charge mainly through the triboelectric effect during separation from their housings and, if in the space environment, from cosmic radiation. These charges will degrade the accuracy of high sensitivity accelerometers and drag-free sensors. We demonstrate in ground testing two passive bipolar charge management systems using photoelectrons emitted from Au coated surfaces under illumination by UV-LEDs of 255 nm, 275 nm, and 295 nm central wavelength. The first method uses fast photoelectrons, generated by two 255 nm UV-LEDs with adjustable-intensity (through fine-tuning of their excitation currents) and illuminating the TM and its housing respectively. A second technique uses slow photoelectrons generated by one UV LED, of either 275 nm or 295 nm, located on the TM housing. Fast and slow electrons are defined as having kinetic energies after photoemission above and below the maximum allowable potential above ground, VTMmax, required for normal operation of the TM. In their optimized configurations and following a 10 to 30 sec exposure to UV with initial TM potentials of between -3 V and 3 V, both control systems converge to a TM potential of about 10 mV with a drift of about 2 mV/day. For reference, VTMmax is about 100mV for the LISA and LISA pathfinder sensors. Insight into the slow photoelectrons charge control method is provided by our simple gaussian model of the distribution of the photoemission sites of Au films: 4.6 eV center, 0.2 eV standard deviation, and 4.30 eV and 4.90 eV cutoffs. The lowest energy photoemission is obtained with the 295 nm LED at about 4.35 eV or 285 nm; equivalent to 2.5 times the standard deviation from its center wavelength and at 4% of its maximum intensity.
Vitamin d supplementation does not impact resting metabolic rate, body composition and strength in vitamin d sufficient physically active adults
Creators: name: Fernandes Cruzat, Vinicius
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Metabolic medicine

description: Supplementation with the most efficient form of Vitamin D (VitD3) results in improvements in energy metabolism, muscle mass and strength in VitD deficient individuals. Whether similar outcomes occur in VitD sufficient individuals’ remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of VitD3 supplementation on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and strength in VitD sufficient physically active young adults. Participants completed pre-supplementation testing before being matched for sunlight exposure and randomly allocated in a counterbalanced manner to the VitD3 or placebo group. Following 12 weeks of 50 IU/kg body-mass VitD3 supplementation, participants repeated the pre-supplementation testing. Thirty-one adults completed the study (19 females and 12 males; mean ± standard deviation (SD); age = 26.6 ± 4.9 years; BMI = 24.2 ± 4.1 kg·m2). The VitD group increased serum total 25(OH)D by 30 nmol/L while the placebo group decreased total serum concentration by 21 nmol/L, reaching 123 (51) and 53 (42.2) nmol/L, respectively. There were no significant changes in muscle strength or power, resting metabolic rate and body composition over the 12-week period. Physically active young adults that are VitD sufficient have demonstrated that no additional physiological effects of achieving supraphysiological serum total 25(OH)D concentrations after VitD3 supplementation.
Using Machine Learning to Link Black Hole Accretion Flows with Spatially Resolved Polarimetric Observables
Creators: name: Qiu, Richard
name: Ricarte, Angelo
name: Narayan, Ramesh
name: Wong, George N.
name: Chael, Andrew
name: Palumbo, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new library of 535,194 model images of the supermassive black holes and Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) targets Sgr A* and M87*, computed by performing general relativistic radiative transfer calculations on general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations. Then, to infer underlying black hole and accretion flow parameters (spin, inclination, ion-to-electron temperature ratio, and magnetic field polarity), we train a random forest machine learning model on various hand-picked polarimetric observables computed from each image. Our random forest is capable of making meaningful predictions of spin, inclination, and the ion-to-electron temperature ratio, but has more difficulty inferring magnetic field polarity. To disentangle how physical parameters are encoded in different observables, we apply two different metrics to rank the importance of each observable at inferring each physical parameter. Details of the spatially resolved linear polarization morphology stand out as important discriminators between models. Bearing in mind the theoretical limitations and incompleteness of our image library, for the real M87* data, our machinery favours high-spin retrograde models with large ion-to-electron temperature ratios. Due to the time-variable nature of these targets, repeated polarimetric imaging will further improve model inference as the EHT and next-generation (EHT) continue to develop and monitor their targets.
description: 24 pages, 27 figures
Stripe Systems with Competing Interactions on Quasi-One Dimensional Periodic Substrates
Creators: name: McDermott, D.
name: Reichhardt, C. J. Olson
name: Reichhardt, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically examine the two-dimensional ordering of a stripe forming system of particles with competing long-range repulsion and short-range attraction in the presence of a quasi-one-dimensional corrugated substrate. As a function of increasing substrate strength or the ratio of the number of particles to the number of substrate minima we show that a remarkable variety of distinct orderings can be realized, including modulated stripes, prolate clump phases, two dimensional ordered kink structures, crystalline void phases, and smectic phases. Additionally in some cases the stripes align perpendicular to the substrate troughs. Our results suggest that a new route to self assembly for systems with competing interactions can be achieved through the addition of a simple periodic modulated substrate.
description: 7 pages, 8 postscript figures
Alternative $k=-1$ loop quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Yang, Jinsong
name: Zhang, Cong
name: Zhang, Xiangdong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An alternative quantization of the gravitational Hamiltonian constraint of the $k=-1$ Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model is proposed by treating the Euclidean term and the Lorentzian term independently, mimicking the treatment of full loop quantum gravity. The resulting Hamiltonian constraint operator for the $k=-1$ model with a massless scalar field is successfully constructed, and is shown to have the corrected classical limit. Compared to the former quantization schemes in the literature where only the Euclidean term is quantized, the new quantum dynamics of the $k=-1$ model with a massless scalar field indicates that the classical big-bang singularity is replaced by an asymmetric quantum bounce.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures; V2, 15 pages, 3 figures, version published in PRD