cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Traction Force Microscopy Reveals Stiffness Dependent Response to Disruptions in Actin Cytoskeletal Organization
Creators: name: Hockenberry, Max
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Cells not only exert and regulate traction forces, but also respond to the mechanical properties of their environment. Landmark studies have demonstrated that critical cellular functions such as differentiation, growth, and development can be directed using substrate mechanical properties such as stiffness alone. The actin cytoskeleton, one of the major structural components of cells which gives rise to cellular properties such as rigidity and is responsible for significant force generation, is known to remodel its organization as a function of substrate stiffness. Little is currently understood of the connection between organization of the actin cytoskeleton and the resulting traction forces a cell exerts while in contact with environments of differing rigidity. We propose to use traction force microscopy, a common biophysics technique, to characterize the dynamic traction forces generated as a result to disruption of branched or bundled actin on substrates mimicking physiological elastic moduli. Accordingly, we have explored the challenges of performing traction force microscopy over long time scales and developed a semi-automated cell segmentation tool which alleviates much of those challenges. We then used our developed tools and optimization of traction force microscopy to characterize the effects of perturbation of the Arp2/3 complex and subsequently branched actin across a range of stiffnesses and uncovered a stiffness dependent response in traction generation as a result of disruption of actin organization.  Further, a discovered long-term periodicity associated with traction force generation and corresponding to the cell cycle is ablated in the absence of branched actin. This suggests a connection between traction force generation, actin cytoskeletal organization, and feedback with the cell cycle; one of the most critical cellular operations relevant to a host of disease states.
Effects of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation on the Hematological Parameters in Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Technologists Working in Selected Governmental Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Giragn, Eden
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: Background: Exposure to ionizing radiations including x-rays and gamma rays leads to abnormal hematological findings, cancer (including leukaemia), birth defects in the future children of exposed parents, and cataracts. There is no published report in Ethiopia addressing the effect of low dose radiation on hematological parameters. Objective: To compare the hematological profile such as (RBCs count, RBC indices, Hb, Hct levels, WBCs, platelets count and peripheral morphology) of medical imaging and therapeutic technologists and controls of selected Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Method: A comparative cross-sectional study with 182 participants in the period October 2015 to June 2016 was carried out. Of them, 91 were radiation exposed and 91 were controls. Hematological parameters were analyzed using Sysmex XT-2000i. Peripheral blood morphology was done from a stained smear. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Student t-test was used to compare the hematological parameter means between the two groups, the exposed and the control. Bivariate correlation statistics was used to draw association between the dependent and independent variables. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Data was cleaned, entered and analysed using SPSS 21.
title: The Gift of the Gods: The Impact of the Korean War on Japan
Creators: name: Bowen, John P.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1984

description: The Korean War was a benchmark in the modern history of Japan. It became a catalyst for political action, and the fountainhead of the "economic miracle" that raised Japan once again to a prominent position among nations. The Korean War helped solve many political problems, including the tricky question of a peace treaty. It confirmed Japan's commitment to a no-war constitution. It also permitted the Japanese government to relax the restrictions imposed by occupation authorities. The war created a fortuitous economic stimulus that permitted Japan to emerge from the recessionary period that followed World War II and to establish the pattern that created the "economic miracle" of the subsequent years. Japan began to rearm but did so in a slow, calculated way. The pattern of relations with other nations established in that period has continued to the present.
Production of leading charged particles and leading charged-particle jets at small transverse momenta in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The per-event yield of the highest transverse momentum charged particle and charged-particle jet, integrated above a given pt(min) threshold starting at pt(min) = 0.8 and 1 GeV, respectively, is studied in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The particles and the jets are measured in the pseudorapidity ranges abs(eta) < 2.4 and 1.9, respectively. The data are sensitive to the momentum scale at which parton densities saturate in the proton, to multiple partonic interactions, and to other key aspects of the transition between the soft and hard QCD regimes in hadronic collisions.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
A $\textbf{Gray}$-categorical pasting theorem
Creators: name: Di Vittorio, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18N20 16S15 03E20

description: The notion of $\textbf{Gray}$-category, a semi-strict $3$-category in which the middle four interchange is weakened to an isomorphism, is central in the study of three-dimensional category theory. In this context it is common practice to use $2$-dimensional pasting diagrams to express composites of $2$-cells, however there is no thorough treatment in the literature justifying this procedure. We fill this gap by providing a formal approach to pasting in $\textbf{Gray}$-categories and by proving that such composites are uniquely defined up to a contractible groupoid of choices.
description: 18 pages (originally 15). Version accepted for publication by Theory and Applications of Categories
Computing Quasidegrees of A-graded Modules
Creators: name: Barrera, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe the main functions of the Macaulay2 package Quasidegrees. The purpose of this package is to compute the quasidegree set of a finitely generated A-graded module presented as the cokernel of a monomial matrix. We provide examples with motivation coming from A-hypergeometric systems.
description: updated reference for package, updated name changes of functions in package
Molossus fentoni Loureiro, B.K.Lim & Engstrom 2018
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Mittermeier, Russell A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Molossidae
Molossus
Molossus fentoni

description: 15. Fenton’s Masuft Bat Molossus fentoni French: Molosse de Fenton / German: Fenton-Samtfledermaus / Spanish: Moloso de Fenton Other common names: Fenton's Free-tailed Bat Taxonomy. Molossus fenton: Loureiro, B. K. Lim & Engstrom, 2018, Bototo Wau near the village of Parabara, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana (2.18201°, -59.33706°, elevation 245 m). Molossus fenton: was recently recognized as distinct from M. molossus from Guyana and Ecuador based on morphological and molecular differences. Monotypic. Distribution. Known from a fewlocalities in NE Ecuador and Guyana, but some Pallas’s Mastiff Bats (M. molossus) in the intervening Amazon Basin might have been misidentified. Descriptive notes. Head-body 55-62 mm, tail 30-37 mm, ear 12-14 mm, hindfoot 8-11 mm, forearm 34-36 mm; weight 7-14 g. Fenton’s Mastiff Bat overlaps in size with the Coiban Mastiff Bat (M. coibensis) but is smaller than all other species of Molossus. Dorsal pelage of Fenton's Mastiff Bat is dark to medium brown, with pale brown band at base that covers one-quarter to one-half the hair length. Ventral hairs are markedly bicolored, with dark brown tips and pale yellow bases. Dorsal hairs between shoulders are long (4:3-4-6 mm). Ears are rounded and arise from same point on forehead. Tragus is small, and antitragus is constricted at its base. Face is dark brown to black. Upper lip and snout are smooth and lack any medial ridge. Wings and uropatagium are dark brown. Skull has elongated braincase, triangular occipital region, and infraorbital foramen opening laterally in frontal view. Basioccipital pits are moderately deep. I* is thin and long, with paralleltips. Habitat. Savannas at interface with gallery forests (holotype caught in triple-high net set of ¢. 8 m height). Food and Feeding. Fenton’s Mastiff Batis an aerial insectivore. Breeding. Two pregnant Fenton 's Mastiff Bats were caught in early March, a non-pregnant female was lactating in mid-November, and another non-pregnant female was caught in mid- may. mid-May. Activity patterns. No infonnation. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The I UCN Red List. Bibliography Lım, B K & Engstrom (2001). Lım, B K er al (2016), Loureiro, Lım a Engstrom (2018)
description: Published as part of Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Molossidae, pp. 598-672 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 625, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6418279
Signatures of spin precession and nutation in isolated black-hole binaries
Creators: name: Steinle, Nathan
name: Kesden, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin precession of binary black holes (BBHs) that originate from isolated high-mass binary stars is determined by the interplay of phenomena such as tides, winds, accretion, common-envelope evolution, natal kicks, and stellar core-envelope coupling. In previous work, we identified regions of the parameter space that may produce BBHs with large misalignments from natal kicks and high spin magnitudes from three mechanisms - tides, accretion, or inheritance via minimal core-envelope coupling. Here, we explore the spin precession of such BBHs using five parameters that describe the amplitude and frequency with which the orbital angular momentum precesses and nutates about the total angular momentum, modulating the gravitational-wave emission. Precession is generally possible for sufficiently strong natal kicks provided at least one of the black holes is spinning. Nutation is a consequence of spin-spin coupling and depends on the three spin-up mechanisms. Tidal synchronization can leave a distinct correlation between the aligned effective spin and the nutation frequency, but does not produce large nutations. When a black hole accretes $\gtrsim 20\%$ of its companion's envelope, the precession frequency and amplitude are large. A much smaller amount of accretion, e.g., $\approx 2\%$, is needed to provide a large precession frequency and amplitude when the accretor is a Wolf-Rayet (WR) star. The inheritance of high natal WR spins ($\gtrsim 5\%$ of their maximum breakup value) via minimal core-envelope coupling is the most promising mechanism for producing nutating BBHs, implying that a measurement of nutation from gravitational-wave observations may suggest isolated-binary origin with minimal core-envelope coupling.
On the extremal total reciprocal edge-eccentricity of trees
Creators: name: Li, Shuchao
name: Zhao, Lifang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C35, 05C12

description: The total reciprocal edge-eccentricity is a novel graph invariant with vast potential in structure activity/property relationships. This graph invariant displays high discriminating power with respect to both biological activity and physical properties. If $G=(V_G,E_G)$ is a simple connected graph, then the total reciprocal edge-eccentricity (REE) of $G$ is defined as $ξ^{ee}(G)=\sum_{uv\in E_G}(1/\varepsilon_G(u)+1/\varepsilon_G(v))$, where $\varepsilon_G(v)$ is the eccentricity of the vertex $v$. In this paper we first introduced four edge-grafting transformations to study the mathematical properties of the reciprocal edge-eccentricity of $G$. Using these elegant mathematical properties, we characterize the extremal graphs among $n$-vertex trees with given graphic parameters, such as pendants, matching number, domination number, diameter, vertex bipartition, et al. Some sharp bounds on the reciprocal edge-eccentricity of trees are determined.
description: 16pages, 8figures, Journal of Mathematics Analysis and Applications (2015)
The Linguistic Structure of Baraïn (Chadic)
Creators: name: Lovestrand, Joseph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012

description: This thesis is the first linguistic analysis of Baraïn [bva], an East Chadic (Afroasiatic) language spoken by about 6,000 people in the Republic of Chad. The study focuses on the fundamental phonological, morphological, and syntactic structures of the language. Baraïn has sixteen consonants (no implosives) and five vowels. It uses contrastive length and three levels of contrastive tone. No syllables are super-heavy. Morphophonological processes include asymmetrical patterns of voice spreading in consonant clusters and vowel backness harmony. Major class lexical items are minimally bimorphemic. Nouns are unbound roots with covert grammatical gender. However, gender is only distinguished in singular forms. Verbs are bound roots with an underlying tone melody. A small class of verb roots consist of a single consonant (and tone). Two classes of verbs have distinctive argument structures: labiles and causatives. Objects, indirect objects, and some oblique arguments can be indexed by verbal agreement, but not subjects. Six distinct tense, aspect, and mood categories are marked by suffixes and one auxiliary. There are ten categories in the pronominal and agreement systems, but the first person plural inclusive markers are all bimorphemic. The language is head-initial and the unmarked syntactic order is SVO. Question words are in situ. Negation is sentence-final. The appendices include a proposed orthographic system and seven interlinearized texts taken from recorded natural speech.
Opening up echo chambers via optimal content recommendation
Creators: name: Vendeville, Antoine
name: Giovanidis, Anastasios
name: Papanastasiou, Effrosyni
name: Guedj, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Online social platforms have become central in the political debate. In this context, the existence of echo chambers is a problem of primary relevance. These clusters of like-minded individuals tend to reinforce prior beliefs, elicit animosity towards others and aggravate the spread of misinformation. We study this phenomenon on a Twitter dataset related to the 2017 French presidential elections and propose a method to tackle it with content recommendations. We use a quadratic program to find optimal recommendations that maximise the diversity of content users are exposed to, while still accounting for their preferences. Our method relies on a theoretical model that can sufficiently describe how content flows through the platform. We show that the model provides good approximations of empirical measures and demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimisation algorithm at mitigating the echo chamber effect on this dataset, even with limited budget for recommendations.
Effective characterization of quasi-abelian surfaces
Creators: name: Lopes, Margarida Mendes
name: Pardini, Rita
name: Tirabassi, Sofia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 14E05, Secondary 14J10, 14K99, 14L20, 14L40, 14R05

description: Let V be a smooth quasi-projective complex surface such that the three first logarithmic plurigenera are equal to 1 and the logarithmic irregularity is equal to 2. We prove that the quasi-Albanese morphism of V is birational and there exists a finite set S such that the quasi-Albanese map is proper over the complement of S in the quasi-Albanese variety A(V) of V. This is a sharp effective version of a classical result of Iitaka.
description: 27 pages, minor corrections/modifications since v1
RAQAMLI IQTISODIYOT SHAROITIDA TADBIRKORLIK VA KICHIK BIZNESNI YANADA RIVOJLANTIRISH ISTIQBOLLARI
Creators: name: Zuparov, Bobur
name: Ayupova, Umida
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqola OTMning bakalavr ta’lim yo’nalishida tahsil olayotgan Raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida tadbirkorlik va kichik biznesni rivojlantirish ta’lim oluvchilar hamda iqtisodiyot oliy ta’lim professor o’qituvchilari, uchun mo’ljallangan. Ta’lim oluvchilarning iqtisodiy kreativ kompetensiyalarini innovatsion iqtisodiy texnologiyalari asosida metodik takomillashtirishda iqtisodiy taʼlimning innovatsion tashkiliy-didaktik shakllarini qoʻllashning shart-sharoitlari va sifat koʻrsatgichlari, axborot-didaktik taʼminoti tavsiflangan. Ta’lim oluvchilarning kreativ kompetensiyalarini innovatsion texnologiyalar asosida takomillashtirish metodikasi, innovatsion yondashuv asosida yoritilgan.
Synthesis of amphiphilic peptide-polymer conjugates to investigate the relationship between polymer structure and self-assembled morphology
Creators: name: Cox, Caleb
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Hybrid peptide-polymer conjugates, peptides coupled with a hydrophobic polymer tail, are of interest due to their potential to combine the precise and diverse functions of peptides with the stability and tunability of polymers. These materials can form hydrophobic-driven aggregates such as micelles, vesicles, or other architectures. Previous studies with peptides coupled with an alkyl chain have shown that the structure and morphology of assembled aggregates strongly depend on the composition of the hydrophobic tail, although, the rational design of peptide conjugates to display specific structures or morphologies is an active area of research. A polymeric hydrophobic tail allows for tuning of hydrophobicity, bulkiness, and length, just by tuning the monomer or synthetic conditions. We expect polymer properties such as hydrophobicity and bulkiness to affect how the conjugates can assemble and pack together, and thus the resulting morphologies. While the landscape of diblock copolymer morphologies has been studied, peptide conjugates are still of interest due to the secondary structures, such as α-helices and β-sheets, that the peptide region of the aggregates can form. Understanding how to control the morphology of the aggregate and the secondary structure of the peptide will provide a new system to study protein binding sites in environments similar to the native state but without having to synthesize the entire protein.
   In this project, I worked towards probing the relationship between the hydrophobic portion of the conjugate and the resulting aggregate structure through the synthesis of novel peptide-polymer conjugates. I synthesized novel poly(hexyl acrylate) and poly(cyclohexyl acrylate) polymer-peptide conjugates towards this purpose. These conjugates will be analyzed as part of a larger project that encompasses other acrylate monomers and various peptides so that we can begin understanding the relationship between polymer properties, resulting morphology, and peptide secondary structure.
Necessity is the Mother of Invention: Rise of Creativity due to Constraints
Creators: name: Sagindyk, Meruert
Publisher: name: JUNIOR MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
Year: 2016

description: Due to its unique nature, creativity it is an inseparable part of an innovative outcome. While creativity and innovation are significant indicators of organizational present and future success, it is reasonable to introduce an organizational approach to promote both phenomena. Since work environment is rarely abundant, a very special way of enhancing creativity is discussed and analyzed, known as “less is more”. This novel view refers to the ability of demonstrating creative thinking under a restriction of the favorable conditions. The prior interest of this Bachelor’s thesis is to reflect the possible positive impact of scarcity of time, budget, and monitoring on the level of creativity. Constraint-based creativity is indeed a real-life phenomenon, though limitations alone may rarely provide an enhancement of creative thinking and thus require supplementary effects. Keywords: Constraints, Creativity, Innovation, Scarcity, Invention
description: JUNIOR MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, Bd. 1 Nr. 2 (2016)
A Bestiary of Sets and Relations
Creators: name: Gogioso, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Building on established literature and recent developments in the graph-theoretic characterisation of its CPM category, we provide a treatment of pure state and mixed state quantum mechanics in the category fRel of finite sets and relations. On the way, we highlight the wealth of exotic beasts that hide amongst the extensive operational and structural similarities that the theory shares with more traditional arenas of categorical quantum mechanics, such as the category fdHilb. We conclude our journey by proving that fRel is local, but not without some unexpected twists.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2015, arXiv:1511.01181
A Multi-Policy Framework for Deep Learning-Based Fake News Detection
Creators: name: Vitorino, João
name: Dias, Tiago
name: Fonseca, Tiago
name: Oliveira, Nuno
name: Praça, Isabel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Connectivity plays an ever-increasing role in modern society, with people all around the world having easy access to rapidly disseminated information. However, a more interconnected society enables the spread of intentionally false information. To mitigate the negative impacts of fake news, it is essential to improve detection methodologies. This work introduces Multi-Policy Statement Checker (MPSC), a framework that automates fake news detection by using deep learning techniques to analyze a statement itself and its related news articles, predicting whether it is seemingly credible or suspicious. The proposed framework was evaluated using four merged datasets containing real and fake news. Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) models were trained to utilize both lexical and syntactic features, and their performance was evaluated. The obtained results demonstrate that a multi-policy analysis reliably identifies suspicious statements, which can be advantageous for fake news detection.
description: 10 pages, 1 table, 3 figures, DCAI 2022 conference
The Neutrosophic Entropy and its Five Components
Creators: name: Patrascu, Vasile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents two variants of penta-valued representation for neutrosophic entropy. The first is an extension of Kaufmann's formula and the second is an extension of Kosko's formula. Based on the primary three-valued information represented by the degree of truth, degree of falsity and degree of neutrality there are built some penta-valued representations that better highlights some specific features of neutrosophic entropy. Thus, we highlight five features of neutrosophic uncertainty such as ambiguity, ignorance, contradiction, neutrality and saturation. These five features are supplemented until a seven partition of unity by adding two features of neutrosophic certainty such as truth and falsity. The paper also presents the particular forms of neutrosophic entropy obtained in the case of bifuzzy representations, intuitionistic fuzzy representations, paraconsistent fuzzy representations and finally the case of fuzzy representations.
Interaction Transformer for Human Reaction Generation
Creators: name: Chopin, Baptiste
name: Tang, Hao
name: Otberdout, Naima
name: Daoudi, Mohamed
name: Sebe, Nicu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We address the challenging task of human reaction generation, which aims to generate a corresponding reaction based on an input action. Most of the existing works do not focus on generating and predicting the reaction and cannot generate the motion when only the action is given as input. To address this limitation, we propose a novel interaction Transformer (InterFormer) consisting of a Transformer network with both temporal and spatial attention. Specifically, temporal attention captures the temporal dependencies of the motion of both characters and of their interaction, while spatial attention learns the dependencies between the different body parts of each character and those which are part of the interaction. Moreover, we propose using graphs to increase the performance of spatial attention via an interaction distance module that helps focus on nearby joints from both characters. Extensive experiments on the SBU interaction, K3HI, and DuetDance datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of InterFormer. Our method is general and can be used to generate more complex and long-term interactions. We also provide videos of generated reactions and the code with pre-trained models at https://github.com/CRISTAL-3DSAM/InterFormer
Modeling Node Exposure for Community Detection in Networks
Creators: name: Othman, Sameh
name: Schulz, Johannes
name: Baity-Jesi, Marco
name: De Bacco, Caterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In community detection, datasets often suffer a sampling bias for which nodes which would normally have a high affinity appear to have zero affinity. This happens for example when two affine users of a social network were not exposed to one another. Community detection on this kind of data suffers then from considering affine nodes as not affine. To solve this problem, we explicitly model the (non-)exposure mechanism in a Bayesian community detection framework, by introducing a set of additional hidden variables. Compared to approaches which do not model exposure, our method is able to better reconstruct the input graph, while maintaining a similar performance in recovering communities. Importantly, it allows to estimate the probability that two nodes have been exposed, a possibility not available with standard models.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Thermodynamics of dilute XX chain in a field
Creators: name: Timonin, P. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isotropic spin one-half XY chain in transverse field (XX chain) has specific ground state phase with permanent criticality (quasi-long-range ordered, QLRO, phase) which exists in a field less than nearest-neighbor exchange. It is characterized by gapless excitations and power law decay of transverse correlators. The dilution of XX chain has drastic effect on this phase: the infinite series of quantum phase transitions marked by magnetization jumps appears in it. The thermodynamics of dilute XX chain allows exact analytical description revealing the peculiarities of the appearing transitions. We calculate the low-temperature magnetization, entropy, longitudinal magnetic susceptibility and specific heat of dilute model to elucidate the influence of quantum transitions on their field and low-temperature behavior. The changes of pair spin correlators under dilution are also analyzed. We argue that other dilute quantum spin chains and ladders with the gapless (algebraic) spin-liquid states would also exhibit the quantum jumps under variation of couplings and field similar to those of XX chain.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
16S pan-bacterial PCR can accurately identify patients with ventilator-acquired pneumonia
Creators: name: Conway Morris, A
name: Gadsby, N
name: McKenna, JP
name: Hellyer, TP
name: Dark, P
name: Singh, S
name: Walsh, TS
name: McAuley, DF
name: Templeton, K
name: Simpson, AJ
name: McMullan, R
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016

description: Ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) remains a challenge to intensive care units, with secure diagnosis relying on microbiological cultures that take up to 72 hours to result. We sought to derive and validate a novel, real-time 16S rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for rapid exclusion of VAP. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was obtained from two independent cohorts of patients with suspected VAP. Patients were recruited in a two-centre derivation cohort and a 12-centre confirmation cohort. Confirmed VAP was defined as growth of >104 colony forming units/ml on semi-quantitative culture and compared to a 16S PCR assay. Samples were tested from 67 patients in the derivation cohort, 10 (15%) of whom had confirmed VAP. Using cycles to cross threshold (Ct) values as the result of the 16S PCR test, the area under ROC curve (AUROC) was 0.94 (95% CI 0.86-1.0 p<0.0001). Samples from 92 patients were available from the confirmation cohort, 26 (28%) of whom had confirmed VAP. The AUROC for Ct in this cohort was 0.89 (95% CI 0.83-0.95 p<0.0001). This study has derived and assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a novel application for 16S PCR. This suggests that 16S PCR in BAL could be used as a rapid test in suspected VAP and may allow better stewardship of antibiotics.
description: This study was funded by: the Northern Ireland Health and Social Care Research and Development division; the Hospital Infection Society; the Department of Health and Wellcome Trust through the Health Innovation Challenge (HIC) Fund; and the Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust.
Azumaya Algebras Without Involution
Creators: name: Auel, Asher
name: First, Uriya A.
name: Williams, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Generalizing a theorem of Albert, Saltman showed that an Azumaya algebra $A$ over a ring represents a $2$-torsion class in the Brauer group if and only if there is an algebra $A'$ in the Brauer class of $A$ admitting an involution of the first kind. Knus, Parimala, and Srinivas later showed that one can choose $A'$ such that $\mathrm{deg}\, A'=2\mathrm{deg}\, A$. We show that $2\mathrm{deg}\, A$ is the lowest degree one can expect in general. Specifically, we construct an Azumaya algebra $A$ of degree $4$ and period $2$ such that the degree of any algebra $A'$ in the Brauer class of $A$ admitting an involution is divisible by $8$. Separately, we provide examples of split and non-split Azumaya algebras of degree $2$ admitting symplectic involutions, but no orthogonal involutions. These stand in contrast to the case of central simple algebras of even degree over fields, where the presence of a symplectic involution implies the existence of an orthogonal involution and vice versa.
description: 18 pages; change from previous version: very mild correction to Proposition 9
Generation of synchronized high-intensity x-rays and mid-infrared pulses by Doppler-shifting of relativistically intense radiation from near-critical-density plasmas
Creators: name: Mikheytsev, Nikita A.
name: Korzhimanov, Artem V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that when relativistically intense ultrashort laser pulses are reflected from the boundary of a plasma with a near-critical density, Doppler frequency shift leads to generation of intense radiation both in the high-frequency, up to the X-ray, range, and in the low-frequency, mid-infrared, range. The efficiency of energy conversion into the wavelength range of greater than 3 $μ$m can reach several percent, which makes it possible to obtain relativistically intense pulses in the mid-infrared range. These pulses are synchronized with high harmonics in the ultraviolet and X-ray ranges, which opens up opportunities for high-precision pump-probe measurements, in particular, laser-induced electron diffraction and transient absorption spectroscopy.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
The Effect of Dietary Fibers on Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Intestinal Microbial Communities in Mice
Creators: name: Liu, Jintong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Objectives: Grain-based diets (GBDs) are widely used in rodent studies, but the lack of control of ingredients in GBDs and potential batch to batch variation limit their utility. Purified diets (PDs)—diets with known sources and quantities of all nutrients—offer solutions and permit investigators to control for diet, a major environmental factor, in rodent studies. However, mice fed a standard PD display abnormal gastrointestinal (GI) anatomy and greater adiposity compared to mice fed a GBD—Purina 5001. Interestingly, the addition of a soluble fiber (inulin) to PDs (which usually only contain the insoluble fiber cellulose) ameliorates these adverse effects. Yet, the impact of PDs modified with soluble fibers from mixed sources on GI anatomy and the intestinal microbiota has not been investigated. We therefore sought to identify a combination of fibers in PDs that best recapitulate the GI health and intestinal microbiota of mice fed a GBD, while also including an additional reference GBD (Teklad 2020SX).
Methods: 7-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were individually housed and randomly assigned to a diet (two GBDs and four PDs with varying fiber composition) for 28 days. To assess changes in GI anatomy, small intestinal length, colon length, cecal weight, and colon weight were recorded at tissue harvest. Cecal contents, colon contents, and fecal pellets were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing to compare microbial profiles across different GI niches and between diets using the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2 pipeline (QIIME 2) pipeline.
Results: Consistent with published data, GI anatomy was altered in mice consuming PDs compared to GBDs. Microbiotas from mice fed any PD significantly differed from mice consuming either GBD in all GI niches (p<0.05, ANOSIM). Microbiotas were distinct between mice fed either Purina 5001 or Teklad 2020SX GBDs (p<0.01, ANOSIM). Mice fed low soluble fiber PDs (≤ 25% soluble fiber) also produced significantly different microbial communities than mice fed high soluble PDs (≥ 75% soluble fiber) (ANOSIM, p<0.001). Unexpectedly, the microbial richness of mice decreased with increasing soluble fiber content in PDs. The relative abundance of Lactococcus spp. and the [Eubacterium] xylanophilum group were different between mice fed GBDs and PDs, while Romboutsia spp. had a higher relative abundance in mice fed low soluble fiber PDs compared to other diet groups.
Conclusions: Mice fed PDs with high soluble fiber content (≥ 75% soluble fiber) best recapitulated GI health compared to mice fed GBDs. However, no PD tested recapitulated the microbiotas of mice fed GBDs. The creation of PDs with a mixture of soluble and insoluble fibers is highly desirable to improve reliability in future rodent studies regarding diets and gut microbiota.
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO ADDISABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCE SCHOOL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY DEPARTMENT OF NURSING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN ONCOLOGY NURSING
Creators: name: TSIGE GEBRE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Background: Cancer affects millions of people in the world each year, leading many to face

the difficult road of chemotherapy. When cancer patients are ill-prepared for chemotherapy

treatments, they often tend to envision the worst-case scenarios, possibly making the

anticipation more difficult than the event itself. In Ethiopia evidence on self-care behavior on

chemotherapy and associated factors is limited. So this study is aimed to fill the gap.

Objectives: To assess self-care behavior and associated factors among cancer patients who

are on chemotherapy treatment at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2018. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted on sample

study of 254 study participants at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital using simple random

sampling techniques. Face to face interview with structured questionnaire was used to collect

data. Prior to data collection 5% pretest was done to ensure the quality of data. Data was

entered in to EpI –data version 4.2 and exported into SPSS versions 24 for analysis.

Descriptive statistics used to describe the study participants with major independent and

dependent variables’ including frequencies, proportion, mean and standard deviation was

demonstrated by using tables, graphs and texts. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression

was used to look for association between predictors and dependent variable. Crude and

adjusted odds ratios with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed.

Result: In this study a total of 254 clients were participate patients of were from 34(13.4%) in

patient and 220(86.6%) were from out patients. The study found that there was a poor selfcare

behavior of chemotherapy patients and also age, income, educational level, occupation,

cancer type, information from health care provider and fatigue had significantly associated

with self-care of chemotherapy patients
B‐GATA factors are required to repress high‐light stress responses in Marchantia polymorpha and Arabidopsis thaliana
Creators: name: Schröder, Peter Michael
name: Hsu, Bang‐Yu
name: Gutsche, Nora
name: Winkler, Jana Barbro
name: Hedtke, Boris
name: Grimm, Bernhard
name: Schwechheimer, Claus
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Arabidopsis
subject: Arabidopsis thaliana
subject: chlorophyll
subject: EARLY LIGHT‐INDUCED PROTEIN
subject: ELIP
subject: GATA
subject: high‐light stress
subject: Marchantia
subject: Marchantia polymorpha
subject: photosystem
subject: 570 Biologie
subject: 580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: GATAs are evolutionarily conserved zinc-finger transcription factors from eukaryotes. In plants, GATAs can be subdivided into four classes, A–D, based on their DNA-binding domain, and into further subclasses based on additional protein motifs. B-GATAs with a so-called leucine-leucine-methionine (LLM)-domain can already be found in algae. In angiosperms, the B-GATA family is expanded and can be subdivided in to LLM- or HAN-domain B-GATAs. Both, the LLM- and the HAN-domain are conserved domains of unknown biochemical function. Interestingly, the B-GATA family in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and the moss Physcomitrium patens is restricted to one and four family members, respectively. And, in contrast to vascular plants, the bryophyte B-GATAs contain a HAN- as well as an LLM-domain. Here, we characterise mutants of the single B-GATA from Marchantia polymorpha. We reveal that this mutant has defects in thallus growth and in gemma formation. Transcriptomic studies uncover that the B-GATA mutant displays a constitutive high-light (HL) stress response, a phenotype that we then also confirm in mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana LLM-domain B-GATAs, suggesting that the B-GATAs have a protective role towards HL stress.
Narrative abilities in individuals with Down syndrome: single case-profiles
Creators: name: Neitzel, Isabel
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Narration
subject: Down syndrome
subject: Single cases
subject: Language and cognition
subject: Profile analysis
subject: 360
subject: 370

description: Introduction: Narrative abilities are an important part of our everyday lives and social interaction with others. Nevertheless, narration is a complex ability influenced by language and cognition. This makes it difficult for individuals with language and cognitive impairment, such as in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Previous studies have shown distinct narrative impairments in individuals with Down syndrome; nevertheless, this research was based on overall group means in most cases. To identify individual strengths and weaknesses and to draw conclusions for speech and language therapy, the narrative profile of every participant should be considered equally. Following this approach, the current study aims to describe single case narrative profiles in individuals with Down syndrome. Methods: The narrative transcripts of 28 children and adolescents with Down syndrome (aged 10;0–20;1), based on a non-verbal picture book, were rated using the Narrative Scoring Scheme across seven macro- and microstructural categories. Point scores across the whole group are displayed – nevertheless, the paper specifically addresses the individual narrative profiles of the participants. The participants could be assigned to narrative profile groups which show different characteristics, strengths and weaknesses. Group comparisons and correlations were computed for the relation to language abilities (especially vocabulary) and nonverbal cognitive abilities. Results: The results of the two profile groups with minimal and developing narrative skills differ significantly not only concerning narrative outcomes in the Narrative Scoring Scheme but also for language abilities and developmental stage of nonverbal cognition. Individuals that show floor effects in narrative abilities are characterized by an overall weakness in language and cognition. In contrast, a group of approximately equal size shows distinct strengths in their narrative profiles which are in line with their vocabulary strengths, MLU and nonverbal cognition. Discussion: The current study uses a new approach to identify individual narrative profiles in a group of individuals with Down syndrome. The results of the investigation underline the existence of narrative impairments in many individuals with Down syndrome but also point to individual strengths of the participants. Furthermore, the study outcomes suggest that narrative abilities might be representative for overall language and cognition in individuals with Down syndrome. However, intervention studies addressing narration are missing.
description: Frontiers in psychology;14
Mermin Non-Locality in Abstract Process Theories
Creators: name: Gogioso, Stefano
name: Zeng, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The study of non-locality is fundamental to the understanding of quantum mechanics. The past 50 years have seen a number of non-locality proofs, but its fundamental building blocks, and the exact role it plays in quantum protocols, has remained elusive. In this paper, we focus on a particular flavour of non-locality, generalising Mermin's argument on the GHZ state. Using strongly complementary observables, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for Mermin non-locality in abstract process theories. We show that the existence of more phases than classical points (aka eigenstates) is not sufficient, and that the key to Mermin non-locality lies in the presence of certain algebraically non-trivial phases. This allows us to show that fRel, a favourite toy model for categorical quantum mechanics, is Mermin local. We show Mermin non-locality to be the key resource ensuring the device-independent security of the HBB CQ (N,N) family of Quantum Secret Sharing protocols. Finally, we challenge the unspoken assumption that the measurements involved in Mermin-type scenarios should be complementary (like the pair X,Y), opening the doors to a much wider class of potential experimental setups than currently employed. In short, we give conditions for Mermin non-locality tests on any number of systems, where each party has an arbitrary number of measurement choices, where each measurement has an arbitrary number of outcomes and further, that works in any abstract process theory.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2015, arXiv:1511.01181
Effect of a femtosecond-scale temporal structure of a laser driver on generation of betatron radiation by wakefield accelerated electrons
Creators: name: Sladkov, Andrey D.
name: Korzhimanov, Artem V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brightness of a betatron radiation generated by laser wakefield accelerated electrons can be increased by utilizing the laser driver with shorter duration at the same energy. Such shortening is possible by pulse compression after its nonlinear self-phase modulation in thin plate. However, this method can lead to a rather complex femtosecond-scale time structure of the pulse. In this work, the results of numerical simulations show that the presence of a pedestal or prepulses containing few percents or more of the main pulse energy can inhibit the acceleration process and lead to lower energies of accelerated electrons and generated photons. Simultaneously, the presence of a relatively long and intense postpulse following the main pulse at optimal distance can enhance the oscillations of accelerating electrons and increase the brightness of betatron radiation.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
On the role of initial coherence in the spin phase-space entropy production rate
Creators: name: Zicari, G.
name: Çakmak, B.
name: Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E.
name: Paternostro, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies have pointed out the intrinsic dependence of figures of merit of thermodynamic relevance -- such as work, heat and entropy production -- on the amount of quantum coherences that is made available to a system. However, whether coherences hinder or enhance the value taken by such quantifiers of thermodynamic performance is yet to be ascertained. We show that, when considering entropy production generated in a process taking a finite-size bipartite quantum system out of equilibrium through local non-unitary channels, no general monotonicity relationship exists between the entropy production and degree of quantum coherence in the state of the system. A direct correspondence between such quantities can be retrieved when considering specific forms of open-system dynamics applied to suitably chosen initial states. Our results call for a systematic study of the role of genuine quantum features in the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of quantum processes.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX4-1. Close to published version in New J. Phys