cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Extremely Large Telescope
Creators: name: Padovani, Paolo
name: Cirasuolo, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extremely large telescopes (ELTs) are considered worldwide to be one of the highest priorities in ground-based astronomy. The European Southern Observatory (ESO) is developing an ELT that will have a 39 m main mirror and will be the largest visible and infrared light telescope in the world. The ELT will be equipped with a lineup of cutting-edge instruments, designed to cover a wide range of scientific possibilities. The leap forwards with the ELT can lead to a paradigm shift in our perception of the Universe, much as Galileo's telescope did 400 years ago. We illustrate here the various components of the ELT, including the dome and main structure, the five mirrors, and the telescope systems. We then describe the ELT instrumentation and some of the astronomical topics it will address. We then conclude by examining the synergies with other astronomical facilities.
description: Published in Contemporary Physics. 25 pages, 12 figures
Near-field Image Transfer by Magneto-Inductive Arrays: a Modal Perspective
Creators: name: Syms, R. R. A.
name: Shamonina, E.
name: Solymar, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple model of near-field pixel-to-pixel image transfer using magneto-inductive arrays is presented. The response of N-dimensional rectangular arrays is first found as an excitation of eigenmodes. This analytical method involves approximating the effect of sources and detectors, and replaces the problem of solving large numbers of simultaneous equations with that of evaluating a sum. Expressions are given for the modal expansion coefficients, and in the low-loss case it is shown that the coefficient values depend only on the difference in reciprocal frequency space of the operating frequency from the resonant frequency of each mode. Analytic expressions are then derived for quasi-optical quantities such as the spatial frequency response, point-spread function and resolving power, and their implications for imaging fidelity and resolution are examined for arrays of different dimension. The results show clearly that there can be no useful image transfer for in-band excitation. Out-of-band excitation allows image transfer. Provided the array is larger than the expected image by at least the size of the point spread function, the effect of the array boundaries may be ignored and imaging is determined purely by the properties of the medium. However, there is a tradeoff between fidelity and throughput, and good imaging performance using thick slabs depends on careful choice of the operating frequency. The approximate analytic method is verified by comparison of exact numerical solution.
On the Combination of TDDFT with Molecular Dynamics: New Developments
Creators: name: Alonso, J. L.
name: Castro, Alberto
name: Echenique, Pablo
name: Rubio, Angel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In principle, we should not need the time-dependent extension of density-functional theory (TDDFT) for excitations, and in particular not for Molecular Dynamics (MD) studies: the theorem by Hohenberg and Kohn teaches us that for any observable that we wish to look at (including dynamical properties or observables dependent on excited states) there is a corresponding functional of the ground-state density. Yet the unavailability of such magic functionals in many cases (the theorem is a non-constructive existence result) demands the development and use of the alternative exact reformulation of quantum mechanics provided by TDDFT. This theory defines a convenient route to electronic excitations and to the dynamics of a many-electron system subject to an arbitrary time-dependent perturbation. This is, in fact, the main purpose of inscribing TDDFT in a MD framework -the inclusion of the effect of electronic excited states in the dynamics. However, as we will show in this review, it may not be the only use of TDDFT in this context. In this manuscript, we review two recent proposals: In Section 1.2, we show how TDDFT can be used to design efficient gsBOMD algorithms -even if the electronic excited states are in this case not relevant. The work described in Section 1.3 addresses the problem of mixed quantum-classical systems at thermal equilibrium.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, to be published in the book "Time Dependent Density Functional Theory" by Springer Verlag
Characterizing single neuron activity patterns and dynamics using multi-scale spontaneous neuronal activity recordings of cat and mouse cortex
Creators: name: Mitelut, Catalin C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Throughout most of the 20th century the brain has been studied as a reflexive system with ever improving recording methods being applied within a variety of sensory and behavioural paradigms. Yet the brains of most animals (and all mammals) are spontaneously active with incoming sensory stimuli modulating rather than driving neural activity. The aim of this thesis is to characterize spontaneous neural activity across multiple temporal and spatial scales relying on biophysical simulations, experiments and analysis of recordings from the visual cortex of cats and dorsal cortex and thalamus of mouse. Biophysically detailed simulations yielded novel datasets for testing spike sorting algorithms which are critical for isolating single neuron activity. Sorting algorithms tested provided low error rates with operator skill being as important as sorting suite. Simulated datasets have similar characteristics to in vivo acquired data and ongoing larger-scope efforts are proposed for developing the next generation of spike sorting algorithms and extracellular probes. Single neuron spontaneous activity was correlated to dorsal cortex neural activity in mice. Spike-triggered-maps revealed that spontaneously firing cortical neurons were co-activated with homotopic and mono-synaptically connected cortical areas, whereas thalamic neurons co-activated with more diversely connected areas. Both bursting and tonic firing modes yielded similar maps and the time courses of spike-triggered-maps revealed distinct patterns suggesting such dynamics may constitute intrinsic single neuron properties. The mapping technique extends previous work to further link spontaneous neural activity across temporal and spatial scales and suggests additional avenues of investigation. Synchronized state cat visual and mouse sensory cortex electrophysiological recordings revealed that spontaneously occurring activity UP-state transitions fall into stereotyped classes of events that can be grouped. Single visual cortex neurons active during UP-state transitions fire in a partially preserved order extending previous findings on high firing rate neurons in rat somatosensory and auditory cortex. The firing order for many neurons changes over periods longer than 30-minutes suggesting a complex non-stationary temporal neural code may underlie spontaneous and stimulus evoked neural activity. This thesis shows that ongoing spontaneous brain activity contains substantial structure that can be used to further our understanding of brain function.
CKU 4: Abaindasa-Sulgi 1 (3.1.21)
Creators: name: Attinger, Pascal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Sumerian
Ur
Translation
Traduction

description: Traduction Correspondence of the Kings of Ur 4: Abaindasa-Sulgi 1 (3.1.21) Pascal Attinger, 2012, actualisé en 2019
Higgsstrahlung and pair production in $e^{+}e^{-}$ collision in the noncommutative standard model
Creators: name: Wang, Weijian
name: Tian, Feichao
name: Sheng, Zheng-Mao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The higgsstrahlung process $e^+e^-\to Z H$ and pair production process $e^+e^- \to H H$ are studied in the framework of the minimal noncommutative (NC) standard model. In particular, the Feynman rules involving all orders of the noncommutative parameter $θ$ are derived using reclusive formation of Seiberg-Witten map. It is shown that the total cross section and angular distribution can be significantly affected because of spacetime noncommutativity when the collision energy exceeds to 1 \tev. It is found that in each process, there is an optimal collision energy ($E_{oc}$) for achieving the greatest noncommutative effect, and $E_{oc}$ varies linearly with the NC scale $Λ_{NC}$. A brief discussion on the process $e^+e^- \toμ^+ μ^-$ is also given.
description: 21 pages,15 figures
Structural elucidation and antimicrobial activity of a diketopiperazine isolated from a Bacillus sp. associated with the marine sponge Spongia officinalis
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Dhruba
name: Lai, Tapan Kumar
name: Saha, Amit
name: Selvin, Joseph
name: Mukherjee, Joydeep
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A diketopiperazine (3S, 6S)-3,6-diisobutylpiperazine-2,5-dione was isolated from a sponge-associated microbe for the first time and characterized by FTIR, HRESI-MS, 1H, 13C NMR and 2D NMR. The source is novel for this compound. Single crystal XRD of this diketopiperazine obtained as a natural product was analysed for the first time and its melting point was determined to be 262 °C. MICs of this cyclic dipeptide against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus were 16 µg mL−1 and 22 µg mL−1 respectively, the first report of antibacterial activity of this diketopiperazine.
Elasticity tunes mechanical stress localization around active topological defects
Creators: name: Bonn, Lasse
name: Ardaševa, Aleksandra
name: Doostmohammadi, Amin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical stresses are increasingly found to be associated with various biological functionalities. At the same time, topological defects are being identified across a diverse range of biological systems and are points of localized mechanical stress. It is therefore important to ask how mechanical stress localization around topological defects is controlled. Here, we use continuum simulations of nonequilibrium, fluctuating and active nematics to explore the patterns of stress localization, as well as their extent and intensity around topological defects. We find that by increasing the orientational elasticity of the material, the isotropic stress pattern around topological defects is changed substantially from a stress dipole characterized by symmetric compression-tension regions around the core of the defect to a localized stress monopole at the defect position. Moreover, we show that elastic anisotropy alters the extent and intensity of the stresses, and can result in the dominance of tension or compression around defects. Finally, including both nonequilibrium fluctuations and active stress generation, we find that the elastic constant tunes the relative effect of each, leading to the flipping of tension and compression regions around topological defects. This flipping of the tension-compression regions only by changing the elastic constant presents an interesting, simple, way of switching the dynamic behavior in active matter by changing a passive material property. We expect these findings to motivate further exploration tuning stresses in active biological materials by varying material properties of the constituent units.
description: Accepted in Soft Matter
Unidirectional Gaussian One-Way Steering
Creators: name: Qars, Jamal El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Steering is a type of quantum nonlocality that exhibits an inherent asymmetry between two observers. In a nondegenerate three-level laser coupled to a two-mode squeezed vacuum reservoir, we examine, under realistic experimental conditions, the Gaussian steering of two laser modes, $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$, generated within the cascade transitions, respectively. We find that the $\mathcal{A}\rightarrow \mathcal{B}$ steerability is always higher than that from $\mathcal{B}\rightarrow \mathcal{A}$; in addition, the steering asymmetry cannot exceed $\ln 2$, which implies that the state $\hat{\varrho}_{\mathcal{AB}}$ never diverges to an extremal asymmetry state. We show how squeezed noise can play a constructive role in realizing one-way steering. As the main result, we demonstrate that the state $\hat{\varrho}_{\mathcal{AB}}$ can exhibit one-way steering solely from $\mathcal{A}\rightarrow \mathcal{B}$, which we show to emerge as a consequence of the fact that the intensity difference of the modes $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$ is verified to remain always positive, irrespective of the physical and environmental parameters of $\hat{\varrho}_{\mathcal{AB}}$. The generated unidirectional one-way steering may provide a useful resource for the distribution of the trust in future asymmetric quantum information tasks.
Bertha Edwards' Wedding to Charles Howard Finch, 1897
Creators: name: Springs Historical Society
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1897
Subjects: East Hampton
Springs
Edwards Family
Photographs
Weddings
Wedding costume

description: This photograph shows Bertha Edwards' and Charles Howard Finch on their wedding day surrounded by family. New York State Marriage Indexes show the date for their wedding as June 16, 1897 in Springs.
description: This material was lent to the Long Island Collection by the Springs Historical Society Library for digitization purposes.
HIV genomics : trends in antiretroviral resistance and future directions for pharmacogenetic testing
Creators: name: Rocheleau, Genevieve
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Antiretroviral drugs are fundamental to the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), effectively inhibiting viral replication, the emergence of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and subsequent mortality. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is the cornerstone of HIV treatment, and has been adopted by agencies around the world. An estimated 18.2 million individuals accessed cART worldwide in 2016. However, HIV drug resistance to cART leads to ineffective HIV treatment, is associated with AIDS-related morbidity and mortality, and the potential onward transmission of drug resistant HIV strains. Since cART became available in BC in the mid-1990s, antiretroviral drugs and clinical guidelines for HIV management have evolved to reflect best practices. Over the past two decades, genetic testing for HIV drug resistance has become an important tool for HIV care. Next generation massively parallel sequencing has proven to be a powerful sequencing tool rivaling the gold standard Sanger sequencing method, however it is not yet widely adopted for HIV-related genetic testing in BC. There are three primary objectives discussed in this thesis: 1) identification of long-term trends in transmitted and acquired HIV drug resistance in BC, Canada; 2) determination of sociodemographic covariates of drug resistance development and testing uptake; and 3) validation and application of an HIV-related next generation sequencing (NGS) assay for abacavir hypersensitivity screening. Prevalence data of acquired and transmitted drug resistance over the past two decades are presented. Acquired resistance was examined in further detail in order to assess the effect of therapy duration on drug resistance, as well as temporal effects and other factors. Covariates of acquired drug resistance were also examined over calendar time, with a particular focus on adherence to treatment regimens, including sociodemographic predictive factors, as well as sociodemographic covariates of resistance testing uptake. After characterizing historical trends of drug resistance, a glimpse at the future of HIV-related genetic testing is presented: an NGS assay for abacavir hypersensitivity screening was validated and applied as a proof of principle on the Illumina MiSeq platform. This assay was shown to be highly accurate and reliable, providing higher resolution sequencing compared to currently used methods, and expediting testing.
Learning to sample in Cartesian MRI
Creators: name: Sanchez, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Despite its exceptional soft tissue contrast, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) faces the challenge of long scanning times compared to other modalities like X-ray radiography. Shortening scanning times is crucial in clinical settings, as it increases patient comfort, decreases examination costs and improves throughput. Recent advances in compressed sensing (CS) and deep learning allow accelerated MRI acquisition by reconstructing high-quality images from undersampled data. While reconstruction algorithms have received most of the focus, designing acquisition trajectories to optimize reconstruction quality remains an open question. This thesis explores two approaches to address this gap in the context of Cartesian MRI. First, we propose two algorithms, lazy LBCS and stochastic LBCS, that significantly improve upon Gözcü et al.'s greedy learning-based CS (LBCS) approach. These algorithms scale to large, clinically relevant scenarios like multi-coil 3D MR and dynamic MRI, previously inaccessible to LBCS. Additionally, we demonstrate that generative adversarial networks (GANs) can serve as a natural criterion for adaptive sampling by leveraging variance in the measurement domain to guide acquisition. Second, we delve into the underlying structures or assumptions that enable mask design algorithms to perform well in practice. Our experiments reveal that state-of-the-art deep reinforcement learning (RL) approaches, while capable of adaptation and long-horizon planning, offer only marginal improvements over stochastic LBCS, which is neither adaptive nor does long-term planning. Altogether, our findings suggest that stochastic LBCS and similar methods represent promising alternatives to deep RL. They shine in particular by their scalability and computational efficiency and could be key in the deployment of optimized acquisition trajectories in Cartesian MRI.
description: PhD Thesis; 198 pages
Aromatic compounds from the sclerotia of Inonotus obliquus
Creators: name: Zou, Chun-xin
name: Zhang, Yang-Yang
name: Bai, Ming
name: Huang, Xiao-Xiao
name: Wang, Xiao-Bo
name: Song, Shao-Jiang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Three new aromatic compounds (1a/1b, 2) including a pair of enantiomers (1a/1b), were isolated from Inonotus obliquus. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configurations of 1a and 1b were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculated. All isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines. Compounds 1b and 2 showed weak cytotoxicity toward the Hep3B cells at 25 μM.
Elliptic flow from color strings
Creators: name: Braun, M. A.
name: Pajares, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the elliptic flow can be successfully described in the color string picture with fusion and percolation provided anisotropy of particle emission from the fused string is taken into account. Two possible sources of this anisotropy are considered, propagation of the string in the transverse plane and quenching of produced particles in the strong color field of the string. Calculations show that the second source gives an overwhelming contribution to the flow at accessible energies.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures
Araçain, a tyrosol derivative and other phytochemicals from Psidium guineense Sw
Creators: name: Macaúbas-Silva, Camila
name: Félix, Maysa D. G.
name: de Aquino, Ana Karoline S.
name: Pereira-Júnior, Paulo G.
name: de O. Brito, Emmily Vieira
name: de Oliveira-Filho, Abrahão A.
name: Igoli, John O.
name: Watson, David G.
name: Teles, Yanna C. F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Psidium guineense Sw. (Myrtaceae) is a shrub distributed all over South America and Brazil. Its leaves are traditionally used to treat digestive problems and infections. Several biological activities have been reported for P. guineense extracts, however phytochemical studies are scarce. The present study is on the isolation of compounds from P. guineense leaf extracts using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and evaluation of their antibacterial activity. Araçain, a tyrosol derivative was isolated as a natural product for the first time. Other compounds isolated were ursolic acid, a phaeophorbide and three flavonoids. The extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and they showed moderate to high antibacterial activity.
Two new compounds from supercritical fluid extract of Artemisia integrifolia L
Creators: name: Li, Shuyan
name: Wang, Qinghu
name: Bao, Wenqiang
name: Pa, Bilegetu
name: Xu, Yanhua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Two new compounds, namely integrin A (1) and integrin B (2), were isolated from the supercritical fluid extract (SFE) of Artemisia integrifolia L. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques.
A new labdane-type diterpenoid from the leaves of Vitex negundo L.
Creators: name: Sichaem, Jirapast
name: Nguyen, Hung-Huy
name: Nguyen, Van-Huong
name: Mac, Dinh-Hung
name: Mai, Dinh-Tri
name: Nguyen, Hoang-Chuong
name: Tran, Thi-Ngoc-Mai
name: Pham, Nguyen-Kim-Tuyen
name: Nguyen, Huu-Hung
name: Niamnont, Nakorn
name: Duong, Thuc-Huy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A new labdane-type diterpenoid, named vitexnegundin (1), along with seven known compounds, including vitexilactone (2), vitetrifolin D (3), 13-hydroxy-5(10),14-halimadien-6-one (4), (rel 3S,5S,8R,9R,10S)-3,9-dihydroxy-13(14)-labden-16,15-olide (5), artemetin (6), vitexcarpin (7) and penduletin (8), were isolated from the leaves of Vitex negundo L. Their structures were elucidated by using spectroscopic methods, X-ray crystallographic analysis and comparison with those reported in the literature. Moreover, all isolated compounds 1–8 were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strain and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
A new polyketide from the bark of Hypericum roeperianum Schimp. (Hypericaceae)
Creators: name: Damen, François
name: Demgne, Olive Monique F.
name: Bitchagno, Gabin Thierry M.
name: Celik, Ilhami
name: Mpetga, James D. Simo
name: Tankeo, Simplice Beaudelaire
name: Opatz, Till
name: Kuete, Victor
name: Tane, Pierre
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The isolation and spectroscopic data of a hitherto undescribed polyketide (1) from Hypericum roeperianum Schimp. (Hypericaceae) together with six known compounds (2–7) is herein reported. The structure elucidation is based on extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR, infrared, UV and MS experiments. The structures of the known compounds were confirmed by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those of similar reported compounds in the literature. Some of the isolated compounds had a significant activity against a panel of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2019.1677655.
Nash Equilibria of Two-round Auctions
Creators: name: Zhong, Chulong
name: Yan, Xiang
name: Wang, Yuyi
name: Huang, Shuangping
name: Zhong, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a two-round auction, a subset of bidders is selected (probabilistically), according to their bids in the first round, for the second round, where they can increase their bids. We formalize the two-round auction model, restricting the second round to a dominant strategy incentive compatible (DSIC) auction for the selected bidders. It turns out that, however, such two-round auctions are not directly DSIC, even if the probability of each bidder being selected for the second round is monotonic to its first bid, which is surprisingly counter-intuitive. We also illustrate the necessary and sufficient conditions of two-round auctions being DSIC. Besides, we characterize the Nash equilibria for untruthful two-round auctions. One can achieve better revenue performance by setting proper probability for selecting bidders for the second round compared with truthful two-round auctions.
Sesquiterpene lactones from Geigeria aspera Harv. and their cytotoxicity
Creators: name: Fouche, Gerda
name: Ackerman, Louis G. J.
name: Venter, E. Annette
name: Mathe, Y. Zethu
name: Liles, Dave C.
name: Botha, Christo J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Geigeria poisoning, referred to as ‘vermeersiekte’ is an important plant poisoning in southern Africa. Three sesquiterpene lactones, isogeigerin acetate (1) ivalin (2) and geigerin (3) were isolated and purified from Geigeria aspera Harv. (Asteraceae). Structures were deduced using 1 and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, while the absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 3 were determined for the first time by X-ray crystal diffraction analyses. Cytotoxicity of isogeigerin acetate, ivalin and geigerin were compared by exposing a murine skeletal myoblast (C2C12) cell line to varying concentrations of the three sesquiterpene lactones isolated. Cell viability was assessed using the methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The EC50s were 3.746, 0.0029 and 3.792 mM for isogeigerin acetate (1), ivalin (2) and geigerin (3), respectively. The results indicate that ivalin is much more toxic, approximately 1000 times, in vitro compared to isogeigerin acetate and geigerin.
Landslide mapping from analysis of UAV-SFM point clouds
Creators: name: Asghar, Umair
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with digital cameras have emerged as an inexpensive alternative to light detection and ranging (LiDAR) for mapping landslides. However, mapping with UAVs typically requires a ground control point (GCP) network to achieve higher mapping accuracies. Complex natural environments often limit the number as well as the proper distribution of GCPs. In the first part of this study, aerial imagery acquired with a quadrotor UAV was processed using structure from motion (SfM) technique to produce a three-dimensional point cloud of a large landslide involving multiple steep slopes and dense tree cover. The resulting point cloud was georeferenced with six different configurations of GCPs measured with a real-time kinetic GNSS receiver to test the influence of the number and the distribution of GCPs on mapping accuracies. Horizontal and vertical mapping accuracies of 0.058 m and 0.044 m, respectively, were achieved for the most accurate GCP configuration. A separate point cloud comparison was performed on the georeferenced point clouds to assess the effect of varying topography and tree cover on mapping accuracy. The 3D change in the natural terrain measured over a 1-year period from July 2016 to July 2017 showed movements ranging from ±0.4 m to over ±1 m at the toe of the landslide. Other parts of the landslide either remained inactive or moved less than 0.1 m. The second part of this thesis involved an accuracy comparison of five different opensource algorithms, originally developed for LiDAR data, for classification of the UAV-SfM point clouds. The influences of terrain slope, vegetation and point densities, and difficult-to-filter features on classification accuracy were also evaluated. CSF and MCC algorithms produced the lowest overall errors (4%) closely followed by LASground and FUSION (5%). All algorithms suffered in areas with densely vegetated steep slopes, understory vegetation, low point density, and low objects. Although any of the tested algorithms along with careful selection of input parameters can be used to accurately classify UAV-SfM point clouds, CSF is recommended as it is computationally efficient, does not require any preprocessing, and can process very large point clouds (>50 million points).
Secondary metabolites from Diaporthe lithocarpus isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus
Creators: name: Riga, Riga
name: Happyana, Nizar
name: Quentmeier, Armin
name: Zammarelli, Chantale
name: Kayser, Oliver
name: Hakim, Euis Holisotan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Fractionation and purification of the ethyl acetate extract of Diaporthe lithocarpus, an endophytic fungus from the leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus, yielded one new compound, diaporthindoic acid (1), along with seven known compounds (2–8). The new compound was characterized and established by the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods including NMR (1D and 2D) and HRMS. Compound 6 showed the best citotoxicity against murine leukemia P-388 cells with an IC50 value of 0.41 μg/mL. All compounds (1–8) were also tested for their antimicrobial activities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first chemical evaluation of fungal Diaporthe derived from Artocarpus.
Expansive empathy : normative and descriptive considerations for the cultivation of empathy
Creators: name: Hrincu, Viorica
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: My aim is to understand what it means when we ask people to have more empathy. ‘More’ refers to an increment, but what this increment is has yet to be specified. To some people it may be sufficient to be more empathetic to their family and friends. To others, more empathy means connecting and understanding strangers or people who are different from ourselves. Underpinning these tendencies are biases that draw us towards those individuals with whom we can easily identify or are part of the same in-group. This is something to consider when choosing instruments to measure empathy, most of which are self-reported measures. There are two new scales that seem to capture the role of identity and its relationship to empathy in different but important ways: The Moral Expansiveness Scale (Crimston et al., 2016) and the Empathy Gradient Questionnaire (Hollar, 2017). This is an emerging area of research that uses scales that systematize the closeness of an individual (target of empathy) to the empathizer. Importantly, these discussions of what is essentially empathy enhancement inevitably leads to normative questions such as: ‘What is an appropriate level of empathy?’ or more generally ‘What is an appropriate amount of moral concern?’ In response, I frame the normative side of the discussion within a virtue ethics perspective to shift the focus away from ‘how much’ empathy to the quality of empathy. The question of an ideal is at the heart of a virtue ethics approach: how to navigate one’s moral circle in the healthiest way that encourages flourishing for ourselves and the objects of our moral concern. Continuing to understand and promote empathy means we must also understand what it means to be more or less empathetic.
Bubbles, clusters and denaturation in genomic DNA: modeling, parametrization, efficient computation
Creators: name: Theodorakopoulos, Nikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The paper uses mesoscopic, non-linear lattice dynamics based (Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois, PBD) modeling to describe thermal properties of DNA below and near the denaturation temperature. Computationally efficient notation is introduced for the relevant statistical mechanics. Computed melting profiles of long and short heterogeneous sequences are presented, using a recently introduced reparametrization of the PBD model, and critically discussed. The statistics of extended open bubbles and bound clusters is formulated and results are presented for selected examples.
description: to appear in a special issue of the Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics (ed. G. Gaeta)
Topics of Measure Theory on Infinite Dimensional Spaces
Creators: name: Velhinho, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This short review is devoted to measures on infinite dimensional spaces. We start by discussing product measures and projective techniques. Special attention is paid to measures on linear spaces, and in particular to Gaussian measures. Transformation properties of measures are considered, as well as fundamental results concerning the support of the measure.
Intraokularer Druckanstieg nach Vitrektomie : Applanationstonometrie nach Goldmann misst niedriger als dynamische Konturtonometrie
Creators: name: Bäurle, Sebastian
name: Viestenz, Anja
name: Seitz, Berthold
name: Viestenz, Arne
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Hintergrund: Das dynamische Konturtonometer PASCAL (DCT) ist ein digitales, der natürlichen Hornhautgeometrie angepasstes Kontakttonometer. Verglichen wurde das DCT mit dem Goldmann-Applanationstonometer (GAT). Methodik: In einer prospektiven Querschnittstudie wurden 100 Augen vor und nach Pars-plana-Vitrektomie (ppV) vergleichend mit dem GAT und DCT gemessen. Verwendete Endotamponaden waren verschiedene Gase und Silikonöle. Erfasst wurden der präoperative intraokulare Druck (IOD), postoperative Druckveränderungen und die Intertonometerdifferenz. Ergebnisse: Präoperativ lag der mittlere IOD mit dem GAT gemessen bei 15,8 ± 5,2 mm Hg und dem DCT bei 17,5 ± 5,9 mm Hg. Am ersten postoperativen Tag stieg bei Augen, die mit Gas versorgt wurden, der Druck im Mittel um 2,5 mm Hg (p = 0,035) an. Das DCT erfasste 18 Augen (19,1 %) mit einem postoperativen IOD von ≥ 25 mm Hg. Postoperativ maß das GAT den IOD im Schnitt 2,5 mm Hg niedriger und bei expansiver Gasendotamponade im Mittel um 3,0 mm Hg niedriger als das DCT. Bei IOD-Werten von postoperativ über 20 mm Hg lag das GAT im Mittel 4,7 mm Hg unter dem DCT. Zehn von 18 Augen mit IOD ≥ 25 mm Hg wurden mit dem GAT nicht als hypertensiv (≥ 25 mm Hg) erkannt. Bei 13 % maß das DCT am 1. postoperativen Tag einen um mindestens 6 mm Hg höheren IOD als das GAT. In einem Extremfall wurde der IOD mit dem GAT bei Gasendotamponade um 12 mm Hg unterschätzt. Schlussfolgerung: Postoperative Druckanstiege nach ppV sind gefürchtete Komplikationen und können zu irreversiblem Visusverlust führen. Abhängig von der verwendeten Endotamponade misst das GAT den IOD niedriger als das DCT – besonders bei Druckspitzen durch expansive Gase. Die postoperative IOD-Messung nach ppV ist bedeutend und die Messwerte von GAT und DCT können abweichen.
Structure elucidation and NMR assignments of a new sesquiterpene of volatile oil from Artemisia frigida Willd.
Creators: name: Borchuluun, Saranchimeg
name: Wang, Qinghu
name: Xu, Yanhua
name: He, Xiang
name: Bao, Wenqiang
name: Pa, Biligetu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A new sesquiterpene, artefrigin (5), together with four known sesquiterpenes were isolated from the volatile oil of Artemisia frigida Willd. The structure of five was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques.
Revisiting adult playfulness and relationship satisfaction : APIM analyses of middle-aged and older couples
Creators: name: Brauer, Kay
name: Sendatzki, Rebekka
name: Scherrer, Tiziana
name: Chick, Garry
name: Proyer, René T.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150

description: There is robust support for the notion that playfulness is important for how people initiate and engage in their romantic relationships. Our study sought to extend the knowledge on associations between four facets of playfulness (Other-directed, Lighthearted, Intellectual, and Whimsical; OLIW) with facets of relationship satisfaction (RS) in 116 middle-to-older age couples (median = 54 and 57 years in women and men). In comparison to younger samples, we found lower expressions in Other-directed playfulness. Using Actor-Partner Interdependence Modelling, we found that (a) older couples showed comparatively higher similarity in the single OLIW facets and their profiles than previously found in younger couples; (b) similarity is again unrelated to RS; and (c) findings on playfulness-RS associations partially replicated, with Other-directed and Whimsical playfulness showing the numerically strongest actor and partner effects, but mainly in women. We discuss the differences in similarity with regard to an attrition effect. Overall, we conclude that playfulness is important in older couples in similar ways as in younger couples.
Normalizers of Parabolic Subgroups of Coxeter Groups
Creators: name: Allcock, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F55

description: We improve a bound of Borcherds on the virtual cohomological dimension of the non-reflection part of the normalizer of a parabolic subgroup of a Coxeter group. Our bound is in terms of the types of the components of the corresponding Coxeter subdiagram rather than the number of nodes. A consequence is an extension of Brink's result that the non-reflection part of a reflection centralizer is free. Namely, the non-reflection part of the normalizer of parabolic subgroup of type D5 or Aodd is either free or has a free subgroup of index 2.
description: 7 pages
Adaptive MAC Protocols Using Memory for Networks with Critical Traffic
Creators: name: Park, Jaeok
name: van der Schaar, Mihaela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider wireless communication networks where network users are subject to critical events such as emergencies and crises. If a critical event occurs to a user, the user needs to send critical traffic as early as possible. However, most existing medium access control (MAC) protocols are not adequate to meet the urgent need for data transmission by users with critical traffic. In this paper, we devise a class of distributed MAC protocols that achieve coordination using the finite-length memory of users containing their own observations and traffic types. We formulate a protocol design problem and find optimal protocols that solve the problem. We show that the proposed protocols enable a user with critical traffic to transmit its critical traffic without interruption from other users after a short delay while allowing users to share the channel efficiently when there is no critical traffic. Moreover, the proposed protocols require short memory and can be implemented without explicit message passing.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
On minor black holes in galactic nuclei
Creators: name: McKernan, Barry
name: Ford, K. E. Saavik
name: Yaqoob, Tahir
name: Winter, Lisa M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small and intermediate mass black holes should be expected in galactic nuclei as a result of stellar evolution, minor mergers and gravitational dynamical friction. If these minor black holes accrete as X-ray binaries or ultra-luminous X-ray sources, and are associated with star formation, they could account for observations of many low luminosity AGN or LINERs. Accreting and inspiralling intermediate mass black holes could provide a crucial electromagnetic counterpart to strong gravitational wave signatures, allowing tests of strong gravity. Here we discuss observational signatures of minor black holes in galactic nuclei and we demonstrate that optical line ratios observed in LINERs or transition-type objects can be produced by an ionizing radiation field from ULXs. We conclude by discussing constraints from existing observations as well as candidates for future study.
description: 6 pages. MNRAS Letters (accepted)
Warm and dense stellar matter under strong magnetic fields
Creators: name: Rabhi, A.
name: Panda, P. K.
name: Providência, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state of warm stellar matter as it may occur in a protoneutron star. Both neutrino free and neutrino trapped matter at a fixed entropy per baryon are analyzed. A relativistic mean field nuclear model, including the possibility of hyperon formation, is considered. A density dependent magnetic field with the magnitude $10^{15}$ G at the surface and not more than $3\times 10^{18}$ G at the center is considered. The magnetic field gives rise to a neutrino suppression, mainly at low densities, in matter with trapped neutrinos. It is shown that an hybrid protoneutron star will not evolve to a low mass blackhole if the magnetic field is strong enough and the magnetic field does not decay. However, the decay of the magnetic field after cooling may give rise to the formation of a low mass blackhole.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Phys. Rev. C