cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Are Existing Stock Broker Standards Sufficient? Principles, Rules, and Fiduciary Duties
Creators: name: Hazen, Thomas Lee
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2011

description: The recent catastrophic collapse of the financial industry, coupled with the shocking revelation of the Madoff scheme, led many to believe that the securities industry needed more regulation and supervision. Many fear that a stock broker does not have a fiduciary relationship with their clients based on their transaction, as they are merely vehicles through which the investor places his money in the market, which is exactly what Goldman Sachs contested throughout the recent prosecution against them. Although many hoped that this question would be answered via the outcome of the Goldman lawsuit, the subsequent settlement put those hopes to rest. Many observers of this result identified a perceived need for more explicit recognition of broker-dealer fiduciary duties. However, it would have been more accurate to describe this as enhancing fiduciary duties since it has long been the case that stock brokers owe fiduciary duties when acting in certain capacities, as the author describes in the Article in great detail. As the financial reform legislation developed, controversy arose as to whether to statutorily impose new fiduciary duties. Investor-protection advocates supported such a move; the industry and others opposed it. To the extent that these duties already exist, the suggestion may have been less meaningful than thought by its advocates. In any event, the final legislation eschewed a statutorily mandated fiduciary duty. Instead, Congress directed the SEC to conduct a study to identify any gaps, shortcomings, or overlapping regulation regarding standards of conduct and supervision requirements applicable to broker-dealers and investment advisers in what is now referred to as “Dodd-Frank.” The upshot of the new legislation is that broker-dealer standards of conduct will continue to develop piecemeal through rulemaking and case law developments. The Article concludes that although some additional rulemaking may be warranted as a conceptual matter, the current approach to broker-dealer obligations is appropriate and provides an adequate basis for vigorous enforcement of broker-dealer obligations notwithstanding some apparent enforcement lapses in a few celebrated cases. The law, regulations, and regulatory interpretations to date make clear that broker-dealers have fiduciary or fiduciary-like obligations when they provide services beyond executing customer orders. There are many examples of such obligations presently in existing law. In fact, any time a securities broker acts as something more than a mere order taker, heightened obligations attach. There is no doubt that expressly stating that broker-dealers are fiduciaries will provide further emphasis on their obligations. However, even in the absence of a legislative or regulatory declaration to that effect, heightened standards for broker-dealers are already well established.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 3
Optical Properties and Modal Gain of InGaN Quantum Dot Stacks
Creators: name: Kalden, Joachim
name: Sebald, Kathrin
name: Gutowski, Juergen
name: Tessarek, Christian
name: Aschenbrenner, Timo
name: Figge, Stephan
name: Hommel, Detlef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present investigations of the optical properties of stacked InGaN quantum dot layers and demonstrate their advantage over single quantum dot layer structures. Measurements were performed on structures containing a single layer with quantum dots or threefold stacked quantum dot layers, respectively. A superlinear increase of the quantum dot related photoluminescence is detected with increasing number of quantum dot layers while other relevant GaN related spectral features are much less intensive when compared to the photoluminescence of a single quantum dot layer. The quantum dot character of the active material is verified by microphotoluminescence experiments at different temperatures. For the possible integration within optical devices in the future the threshold power density was investigated as well as the modal gain by using the variable stripe length method.
description: 9 Pages, 4 Figures
The Mechanisms of Voting Efficiency
Creators: name: Schouten, Michael C.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2011

description: In the wake of the financial crisis, shareholders are increasingly relied upon to monitor directors. But while much has been written about directors’ flawed judgments, remarkably little is known about shareholders’ ability to make accurate judgments. What determines whether shareholders make the right decision when asked to vote on, say, a merger? The Article takes a novel approach to this question by drawing an analogy between corporate voting and another system for aggregating information on estimated values: stock trading. Using insights on stock market efficiency, the Article makes three contributions to our understanding of voting efficiency. First, the Article identifies and explores four key mechanisms of voting efficiency: (1) informed voting, which implies that shareholders have some information upon which to base their voting decisions; (2) rational voting, which implies that such information is processed in a rational, unbiased way; (3) independent voting, which implies that each shareholder arrives at a judgment by making use of his or her personal cognitive skills; and (4) sincere voting, which implies that shareholders vote with a view to furthering the common interest of maximizing shareholder value rather than their own private interests. Second, the Article shows that share trading, proxy solicitation, and vote buying can usefully be viewed as arbitrage techniques that reallocate voting power in the hands of shareholders with superior information and processing skills, and with appropriate incentives. By reducing information asymmetry, arbitrage techniques potentially play an important role in improving voting efficiency. In practice, however, they are subject to cost constraints as well as legal constraints. The limits of voting arbitrage are significant, and affect voting efficiency much in the same way as limits of securities arbitrage affect market efficiency. Third and finally, the Article analyzes two issues that are currently being studied by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and policymakers around the world: voting without corresponding financial interest (“empty voting”) and the major influence of proxy advisers. By showing that these issues each involve a trade off between the various mechanisms of voting efficiency, their costs and benefits are brought into sharper focus. Several policy options are then presented to mitigate the costs while fostering the benefits.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 3
title: Understanding the social difficulties and the distribution of other putative maintenance mechanisms of childhood anxiety disorders.
Creators: name: Pearcey, Samantha
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2020

description: Anxiety disorders are common in childhood and have a significant negative effect on functioning. Although cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for many children with anxiety disorders, a significant number of children retain a diagnosis after treatment. Furthermore, children with social anxiety disorder (SAD) have worse outcomes from generic forms of CBT than children with other anxiety disorders. This is likely to be at least partly because the putative maintenance mechanisms that are targeted in CBT are not yet well understood in the context of childhood anxiety disorders in general and SAD in particular. Notably, better outcomes are found for child SAD when treatment includes social skills training, despite mixed evidence for the presence of social skills deficits in socially anxious children. However, this literature is difficult to interpret given measurement issues caused by an overlap in the observable behaviours of social skills deficits and social anxiety. This thesis aims to first establish whether there are subgroups of children with anxiety disorders characterised by particular profiles of the mechanisms targeted in generic CBT programmes (including social skills deficits) within a sample of children who have been diagnosed with a clinical anxiety disorder. The second aim is to explore the relationship between social anxiety and social skills difficulties in more depth. This will be achieved by investigating the relationship between social anxiety and the social cognitions that underlie social skills in order to overcome limitations of previous research which confounded measurements of social anxiety and social skills themselves. The findings suggest that clinically anxious children cluster into three groups according to the putative maintenance mechanisms of childhood anxiety disorders, but that these do not neatly align with existing diagnostic categories. In addition, the findings suggest that social skills difficulties may be present in only a small proportion of children with SAD, but that underlying difficulties in specific aspects of complex Theory of Mind (ToM; i.e. identifying the intentions of others in complex interactions) may be related to SAD more broadly. These findings have implications for the use of specific treatments for children with SAD, targeting their understanding of complex social interactions, rather than general social skills. In addition, these findings identify key variables that warrant further examination to improve understanding of the maintenance of anxiety disorders in children.
Implications of magnetar non-precession
Creators: name: Glampedakis, K.
name: Jones, D. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The objects known as anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft gamma repeaters are commonly identified with magnetars, neutron stars with ultrastrong magnetic fields. The rotational history of these objects has, so far, revealed no evidence of free precession. At the same time these objects do not generally appear to have magnetic axes nearly parallel or orthogonal to their spin axes. In this paper we show that the combination of these two observations, together with simple rigid-body dynamics, leads to non-trivial predictions about the interior properties of magnetars: either (i) elastic stresses in magnetar crusts are close to the theoretical upper limit above which the crustal matter yields or (ii) there is a "pinned" superfluid component in the magnetar interior. As a potentially observable consequence of these ideas we point out that, in the case of no pinned superfluidity, magnetars of stronger magnetic field strength than those currently observed would have to be nearly aligned/orthogonal rotators.
description: 5 pages. To appear in MNRAS
Collusive and Exclusive Settlements of Intellectual Property Litigation
Creators: name: Hemphill, C. Scott
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2011

description: During the past year, two important developments have emerged at the intersection of antitrust and intellectual property. The first is the proposed settlement in copyright litigation over the Google Books Search program, currently pending in the Southern District of New York, where the judge is considering, among other things, antitrust objections to the proposed settlement. The second is an antitrust challenge to the consummated settlement of patent litigation between two drug makers. The appeal of that case was recently decided by the Second Circuit. These cases renew some interesting questions about the relationship between intellectual property and antitrust. It is a major principle of intellectual property law that innovators should retain the fruits of their labor, i.e., the profits from innovation. However, antitrust defendants have tried to turn this principle into a complete defense from liability. The argument is that creation of a new product, especially one covered by a patent, may offer protection against antitrust liability. The Article argues that claims of a complete antitrust defense go too far. The key question in antitrust cases is whether the innovator has acted in a way that is likely to limit competition and harm consumers, relative to feasible alternatives. The Article explores the answers to this question in the context of the two cases above, reaching different conclusions for each case.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 3
Radiation-Driven Outflows in Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Proga, Daniel
name: Kurosawa, Ryuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the results from multi-dimensional, time-dependent simulations of gas dynamics in AGN. We will focus on two types of outflows powered by radiation emitted from the AGN central engine: (i) outflows driven from the innermost part of an accretion disk and (2) outflows driven from a large-scale inflow that is likely the main supplier of material to the central engine. We discuss the relevance of both types of outflows to the so-called AGN feedback problem. However, the AGN feedback should not be considered separately from the AGN physics. Therefore, we also discuss the issue whether the properties of the same outflows are consistent with the gas properties in broad- and narrow-line regions.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, in Recent Directions In Astrophysical Quantitative Spectroscopy And Radiation Hydrodynamics: Proceedings of the International Conference in Honor of Dimitri Mihalas for His Lifetime Scientific Contributions on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday (AIP Conference Proceedings 1171)
The Freedom of Information Act Exemption 4 Tested: Protecting Corporate Reputation in the Post-Crash Regulatory Environment
Creators: name: Radez, Kathleen Vermazen
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2011

description: In the last of five notes of the Columbia Business Law Review Survey, the author considers the increasingly active role of federal regulators in the aftermath of the recent economic collapse. As government regulators adopt a more assertive posture, institutions subject to government review run the risk that confidential business and financial information will become subject to public disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”). The Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit recently ruled on a pair of cases raising the issue of corporate confidentiality and reputational harm. The court’s ruling left open an important question: whether it is possible under FOIA for agencies and courts to appropriately account for corporate reputational harm in an era of increased government regulation without undermining FOIA itself. This note examines the current jurisprudence on reputational harm within FOIA, and proposes solutions to help courts better determine whether the reputation in question is that of the corporation or the regulating agency.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 2
A aderência de periódicos brasileiros de educação a princípios de transparência e boas práticas
Creators: name: Gulka, Juliana A.
name: Lucas, Elaine R. de O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão Pecha Kucha III da 12ª Conferência Luso-Brasileira de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 13 a 15 de outubro de 2021.
High - Temperature Superconductivity in Iron Based Layered Compounds
Creators: name: Sadovskii, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a review of basic experimental facts on the new class of high - temperature superconductors - iron based layered compounds like REOFeAs (RE=La,Ce,Nd,Pr,Sm...), AFe_2As_2 (A=Ba,Sr...), AFeAs (A=Li,...) and FeSe(Te). We discuss electronic structure, including the role of correlations, spectrum and role of collective excitations (phonons, spin waves), as well as the main models, describing possible types of magnetic ordering and Cooper pairing in these compounds.
description: 43 pages, 30 figures, review talk on 90th anniversary of Physics Uspekhi
Structuring Say-on-Pay: A Comparative Look at Global Variations in Shareholder Voting on Executive Compensation
Creators: name: Delman, Jeremy Ryan
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2011

description: In the fourth of five notes of the Columbia Business Law Review Survey, the author discusses how a renewed focus on executive compensation growing out of the global economic calamity has led to calls for shareholder votes on executive pay. This note argues that while such votes do not address the underlying causes of the financial crisis, they are nevertheless a necessary reform because, if properly structured, they can align executive compensation with shareholder interests. After reviewing say-on-pay regulations in other countries, this note suggests that making shareholder votes not merely advisory but binding on boards may be appropriate in this country because of the difficulties U.S. shareholders face in replacing directors.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 2
Fermi surface shrinking and interband coupling in iron-based pnictides
Creators: name: Ortenzi, L.
name: Cappelluti, E.
name: Benfatto, L.
name: Pietronero, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent measurements of Fermi surface with de Haas-van Alphen oscillations in LaFePO showed a shrinking of the Fermi pockets with respect to first-principle LDA calculations, suggesting an energy shift of the hole and electrons bands with respect to LDA. We show that these shifts are a natural consequence of the strong particle-hole asymmetry of electronic bands in pnictides, and that they provide an indirect experimental evidence of a dominant interband scattering in these systems.
description: 4 latex pages, 4 eps figures included, last version as in the accepted form
Post-growth shaping and transport anisotropy in 2D InAs nanofins
Creators: name: Seidl, J.
name: Gluschke, J. G.
name: Yuan, X.
name: Tan, H. H.
name: Jagadish, C.
name: Caroff, P.
name: Micolich, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the post-growth shaping of free-standing 2D InAs nanofins that are grown by selective-area epitaxy and mechanically transferred to a separate substrate for device fabrication. We use a citric acid based wet etch that enables complex shapes, e.g., van der Pauw cloverleaf structures, with patterning resolution down to 150 nm as well as partial thinning of the nanofin to improve the gate response. We exploit the high sensitivity of the cloverleaf structures to transport anisotropy to address the fundamental question of whether there is a measurable transport anisotropy arising from wurtzite/zincblende polytypism in 2D InAs nanostructures. We demonstrate a mobility anisotropy of order 2-4 at room temperature arising from polytypic stacking faults in our nanofins. Our work highlights a key materials consideration for devices featuring self-assembled 2D III-V nanostructures using advanced epitaxy methods.
The scaling of forced collisionless reconnection in two and three dimensions
Creators: name: Sullivan, Brian P.
name: Rogers, Barrett N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents two-fluid simulations of forced magnetic reconnection with finite electron inertia in a collisionless three-dimensional (3D) cube with periodic boundaries in all three directions. Comparisons are made to analogous two-dimensional (2D) simulations. Reconnection in this system is driven by a spatially localized forcing function that is added to the ion momentum equation inside the computational domain. Consistent with previous results in similar, but larger forced 2D simulations [B. Sullivan, B. N. Rogers, and M. A. Shay, Phys. Plasmas 12, 122312 (2005)], for sufficiently strong forcing the reconnection process is found to become Alfvenic in both 2D and 3D, i.e., the inflow velocity scales roughly like some fraction of the Alfven speed based on the upstream reconnecting magnetic field, and the system takes on a stable configuration with a dissipation region aspect ratio on the order of 0.15.
description: 6 figures
Integrated bioelectronic proton-gated logic elements utilizing nanoscale patterned Nafion
Creators: name: Gluschke, J. G.
name: Seidl, J.
name: Lyttleton, R. W.
name: Nguyen, K.
name: Lagier, M.
name: Meyer, F.
name: Krogstrup, P.
name: Nygard, J.
name: Lehmann, S.
name: Mostert, A. B.
name: Meredith, P.
name: Micolich, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A central endeavour in bioelectronics is the development of logic elements to transduce and process ionic to electronic signals. Motivated by this challenge, we report fully monolithic, nanoscale logic elements featuring n- and p-type nanowires as electronic channels that are proton-gated by electron-beam patterned Nafion. We demonstrate inverter circuits with state-of-the-art ion-to-electron transduction performance giving DC gain exceeding 5 and frequency response up to 2 kHz. A key innovation facilitating the logic integration is a new electron-beam process for patterning Nafion with linewidths down to 125 nm. This process delivers feature sizes compatible with low voltage, fast switching elements. This expands the scope for Nafion as a versatile patternable high-proton-conductivity element for bioelectronics and other applications requiring nanoengineered protonic membranes and electrodes.
title: ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ: УГРОЗЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ
Creators: name: Мустафаев, Арслан
name: Кобзаренко, Дмитрий
name: Бучаев, Абдулхамид
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: Цифровая экономика представляет собой совокупность разнообразных экономических процессов, осуществляемых с помощью информационных технологий. Процессы цифровой трансформации, связанные, в том числе, с четвертой промышленной революцией (Индустрия 4.0), открывают потребителям новые парадигмы использования информационных технологий. Все больше компаний строят бизнес-процессы на основе сквозной интеграции информационных потоков и их непрерывной аналитике, принимая управленческие решения на основе Big Data. Одновременно эти процессы создают новые поверхности угроз для значительного числа экономических субъектов. Участники цифрового взаимодействия заинтересованы в конфиденциальности критической информации или персональных данных. Таким образом, остро стоит вопрос обеспечения информационной безопасности технологических процессов обработки данных в организациях. Целью представленного в статье исследования является определение и изучение вызовов и угроз, с которыми сопряжен процесс цифровой трансформации в экономической сфере. Риски цифровой безопасности по своей природе являются динамическими, что обусловлено физическими законами и спецификой цифрового окружения, а также участием в данных процессах человека.
Viscosity and dilepton production of a chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma at finite baryon density
Creators: name: Guan, N. N.
name: He, Z. J.
name: Long, J. L.
name: Cai, X. Z.
name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Li, J. W.
name: Shen, W. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By considering the effect of shear viscosity we have investigated the evolution of a chemically equilibrating quark-gluon plasma at finite baryon density. Based on the evolution of the system we have performed a complete calculation for the dilepton production from the following processes: $q\bar{q}{\to}l\bar{l}$, $q\bar{q}{\to}gl\bar{l}$, Compton-like scattering ($qg{\to}ql\bar{l}$, $\bar{q}g{\to}{\bar{q}}l\bar{l}$), gluon fusion $g\bar{g}{\to}c\bar{c}$, annihilation $q\bar{q}{\to}c\bar{c}$ as well as the multiple scattering of quarks. We have found that quark-antiquark annihilation, Compton-like scatterring, gluon fusion, and multiple scattering of quarks give important contributions. Moreover, we have also found that the dilepton yield is an increasing function of the initial quark chemical potential, and the increase of the quark phase lifetime because of the viscosity also obviously raises the dilepton yield.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Vortex lattice disorder in YBCO probed using Beta-NMR
Creators: name: Saadaoui, H.
name: MacFarlane, W. A.
name: Salman, Z.
name: Morris, G. D.
name: Song, Q.
name: Chow, K. H.
name: Hossain, M. D.
name: Levy, C. D. P.
name: Mansour, A. I.
name: Parolin, T. J.
name: Pearson, M. R.
name: Smadella, M.
name: Wang, D.
name: Kiefl, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beta-NMR has been used to study vortex lattice disorder near the surface of the high-Tc superconductor YBCO. The magnetic field distribution from the vortex lattice was detected by implanting a low energy beam of highly polarized 8Li into a thin overlayer of silver on optimally doped, twinned and detwinned YBCO samples. The resonance in Ag broadens significantly below the transition temperature Tc as expected from the emerging field lines of the vortex lattice in YBCO. However, the lineshape is more symmetric and the dependence on the applied magnetic field is much weaker than expected from an ideal vortex lattice, indicating that the vortex density varies across the face of the sample, likely due to pinning at twin boundaries. At low temperatures the broadening from such disorder does not scale with the superfluid density.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
title: The meanings of space in society and drama: perceptions of domestic life and domestic tragedy c.1550-1600
Creators: name: Richardson, Catherine Teresa
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: This thesis has two intimately related aims. It investigates socially-distinct perceptions of domestic life in a provincial society closely linked to London in the second half of the sixteenth century. It then demonstrates the difference which those perceptions make to individuals' responses to representations, specifically of households in the genre of domestic tragedy. The method is interdisciplinary: close analysis of testamentary and judicial sources is used to imaginatively construct the perceptions of theatre audiences. Wills and inventories are used in Chapter 2 to analyse the material composition of domestic space, and these sources make possible an understanding of domestic process, of the formation of identity, and of the expression of social distinction through the objects which were kept in each room of the house. Chapter 3 uses ecclesiastical court depositions to show how space was moralised in contemporary life, and how it formed a part of the strategic discourses of public morality through which individuals understood their actions. The coherence of this evidence, for the provincial centres of Kent, makes it possible to understand the relative meanings of objects and spaces, and therefore the internal logic of provincial society. Chapter 4 investigates the consumption of representations of domestic life, using the evidence for socially-distinct perceptions to construct different responses to the plays. It explores the mechanics of such representations, focusing on the meanings of stage properties, and upon audience members' conceptions of the moralised relationship between house and community. This analysis prioritises contemporary perceptions of dramatic productions, and insists upon a consideration of the divergent responses of heterogeneous audiences. It challenges less carefully historicised approaches to representations by demonstrating that it is only through an examination of the evidential context of historical sources that an understanding of the internal logic of societies (and therefore their perceptions and representations) can be reached.
Intermittent Peel Front Dynamics and the Crackling Noise in an Adhesive Tape
Creators: name: Kumar, Jagadish
name: De, Rumi
name: Ananthakrishna, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a comprehensive investigation of a model for peeling of an adhesive tape along with a nonlinear time series analysis of experimental acoustic emission signals in an effort to understand the origin of intermittent peeling of an adhesive tape and its connection to acoustic emission. The model represents the acoustic energy dissipated in terms of Rayleigh dissipation functional that depends on the local strain rate. We show that the nature of the peel front exhibits rich spatiotemporal patterns ranging from smooth, rugged and stuck-peeled configurations that depend on three parameters, namely, the ratio of inertial time scale of the tape mass to that of the roller, the dissipation coefficient and the pull velocity. The stuck-peeled configurations are reminiscent of fibrillar peel front patterns observed in experiments. We show that while the intermittent peeling is controlled by the peel force function, the model acoustic energy dissipated depends on the nature of the peel front and its dynamical evolution. Even though the acoustic energy is a fully dynamical quantity, it can be quite noisy for a certain set of parameter values suggesting the deterministic origin of acoustic emission in experiments. To verify this suggestion, we have carried out a dynamical analysis of experimental acoustic emission time series for a wide range of traction velocities. Our analysis shows an unambiguous presence of chaotic dynamics within a subinterval of pull speeds within the intermittent regime. Time series analysis of the model acoustic energy signals is also found to be chaotic within a subinterval of pull speeds.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. E
Re-making selves and social worlds in adolescent substance use treatment : a qualitative study
Creators: name: Sandhu, Monique
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Background: The toxic drug crisis in British Columbia, Canada has accelerated efforts to expand residential substance use treatment beds for young people between the ages of 14 and 19 in Greater Vancouver. While various barriers to accessing residential substance use treatment among young people who use drugs have been well documented in the literature, little research has examined how young people, and in particular adolescents, navigate and experience these treatment programs. Methods: This qualitative study draws on a critical phenomenological approach to describe and contextualize experiences and understandings of residential substance use treatment among 35 young people ages 14 to 19 in Vancouver. I thematically analyze data from in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with participants attending, just about to attend, or having previously attended “Cypress Place”, a local residential treatment center, between October 2019 and May 2021. Results: Findings underscore that young people are actively engaged in making, unmaking, and remaking their senses of self and social worlds prior to and throughout residential treatment. Many participants envisioned and experienced residential treatment as a time and space in which to actualize future selves. However, once they were in residential treatment, most young people encountered challenges in navigating past and ongoing traumas and complex social dynamics, which at times undermined their evolving self- and world-making projects. Conclusions: This study demonstrates how adolescents actively engage in re-making themselves and their social worlds in and across settings, allowing for a re-imagining of youth treatment and recovery programming and services that better align with the needs, priorities, and desires of young people themselves.
Iniciativas de Ciência Aberta em revistas brasileiras e portuguesas indexadas no JCR 2019
Creators: name: Ceslinski, Alessa Fabíola dos Santos
name: Principe, Eloísa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão Pecha Kucha III da 12ª Conferência Luso-Brasileira de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 13 a 15 de outubro de 2021.
Enforcement of State and Local Tobacco Taxes after Hemi Group
Creators: name: Buente, C. B.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2011

description: In the third of five notes in the Columbia Business Law Review Survey, the author discusses the methods state and local governments have to address the challenges they face in collecting cigarette excise taxes. This note examines regulatory failures that have led to rampant evasion and harmed state and local budgets, as well as the regulatory approaches these governments may take in trying to improve compliance. This note concludes that state and local governments cannot rely on federal enforcement programs but should instead make their own investments in regulatory improvements and investigation to improve the collection yield.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 2
Coupling, Attractiveness and Hydrodynamics for Conservative Particle Systems
Creators: name: Gobron, Thierry
name: Saada, Ellen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Attractiveness is a fundamental tool to study interacting particle systems and the basic coupling construction is a usual route to prove this property, as for instance in simple exclusion. The derived Markovian coupled process $(ξ_t,ζ_t)_{t\geq 0}$ satisfies: (A) if $ξ_0\leqζ_0$ (coordinate-wise), then for all $t\geq 0$, $ξ_t\leqζ_t$ a.s. In this paper, we consider generalized misanthrope models which are conservative particle systems on $\Z^d$ such that, in each transition, $k$ particles may jump from a site $x$ to another site $y$, with $k\geq 1$. These models include simple exclusion for which $k=1$, but, beyond that value, the basic coupling construction is not possible and a more refined one is required. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on the rates to insure attractiveness; we construct a Markovian coupled process which both satisfies (A) and makes discrepancies between its two marginals non-increasing. We determine the extremal invariant and translation invariant probability measures under general irreducibility conditions. We apply our results to examples including a two-species asymmetric exclusion process with charge conservation (for which $k\le 2$) which arises from a Solid-on-Solid interface dynamics, and a stick process (for which $k$ is unbounded) in correspondence with a generalized discrete Hammersley-Aldous-Diaconis model. We derive the hydrodynamic limit of these two one-dimensional models.
Subduing the Vultures: Assessing Government Caps on Recovery in Sovereign Debt Litigation
Creators: name: Broomfield, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2011

description: In this second of five notes of the Columbia Business Law Review Survey, the author explores recent proposals to cap the amount of recovery available through litigation over sovereign debt purchased on the secondary market. Over the past two years, sovereign debt has captured international attention as questions of sustainability and default plague both developed and developing countries. As these concerns escalate, vulture funds have faced increasing criticism for a strategy of purchasing discounted sovereign debt on the secondary market in order to pursue litigation for the full face value of the newly acquired claims. The desire to prevent such profiteering at the expense of the world’s poorest countries has prompted responses from creditor governments such as the United States and the United Kingdom. This note analyzes the merits of these recent proposals.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 2
Glass-Steagall Through the Back Door: Creating A Divide in Banking Functions Through the Use of Corporate Living Will
Creators: name: Banker, Roshni
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2011

description: In the first of five notes of the Columbia Business Law Review Survey, the author discusses how debate on banking regulatory reform in the wake of the financial crisis has centered on proposals to bring back features of the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 which imposed a separation between the investment and commercial banking activities of financial institutions. The note examines why current proposals to resurrect Glass-Steagall may not adequately address the modern boundary problem in banking regulation, and ultimately advocates that greater attention should be given to the use of corporate living wills to incentivize the private-sector creation of a Glass-Steagall-like divide.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 2
A Modest Proposal For Fixing Delaware’s Broken Duty of Care
Creators: name: Miller, Geoffrey F.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2011

description: Delaware’s requirement that corporate directors act within a range of conduct consistent with the “Duty of Care” needs fixing. Although on its face, the Duty of Care requirement forces corporate executives to acted with reasonable business judgment by imposing a fear of personal liability on the part of the executives, in reality, this fear is non-existent. Delaware’s 102(b)(7) provision—which allows corporations to shield their executives from personal liability—is but one example of why this “fear” does not, in practicality, exist. In addition to the 102(b)(7), Delaware corporations often have Director and Officer—or “D&O”—insurance, providing an additional shield for the executives. Moreover, Delaware’s corporate law jurisprudence is greatly stacked in the officer’s favor. From the “business judgment rule” deference, to the requirement that a plaintiff show “gross negligence,” most of the law of Delaware makes imposing personal liability on the part of corporate executives a highly abnormal occurrence. (Of course, Delaware’s purpose for allowing this corporate latitude is to encourage reasonable risk taking.) However, Delaware’s courts have shown that they could impose a different form of “punishment” on irresponsible executives, albeit non-monetary. Notwithstanding their lack of a finding of liability, many Delaware court opinions have weighed in on the poor judgment of the executive. The court first would explain why liability cannot be legally imposed, and then would critique the executive for exercising poor judgment. This form of criticism—known as “Judicial Commentary”—essentially imposes liability on the executive in the court of public opinion, and therefore minimizes the likelihood of future irresponsible behavior.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 2
A Critical Appraisal of Remedies in the E.U. Microsoft Cases
Creators: name: Economides, Nicholas
name: Lianos, Joannis
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2011

description: In this Article, the authors discuss and compare the remedies from the European Union’s two cases against Microsoft. The first E.U. case (“E.U. Microsoft I”) alleged that Microsoft illegally bundled the Windows Media Player with Windows and that Microsoft did not provide adequate documentation that would allow full interoperability between Windows servers and non-Microsoft servers, as well as between Windows clients and non-Microsoft servers. After finding Microsoft liable and imposing a large fine, the E.U. imposed as remedies two requirements on Microsoft: (1) to sell a version of Windows without Windows Media Player (“Windows-N”) and (2) to publish and license interoperability information. Windows-N was a commercial failure, and there has been only limited cross-platform server entry. In its second investigation of Microsoft (“E.U. Microsoft II”), the E.U. alleged illegal tying of Internet Explorer with Windows. The E.U. settled with Microsoft by having them accept the “choicescreen proposal”: an obligation to ask consumers whose computers have Internet Explorer pre-installed to choose a browser from a menu of competing browsers through compulsory Windows updates. Thus, the E.U. imposed quite different remedies in the two cases: an unbundling remedy for the Windows Media Player but close to a must-carry requirement for Internet Explorer. The article discusses these two forms of remedial measures, their deterrent value on the wrongdoer, how much they actually remedy the damage, and discusses other forms of remedies that also could have been chosen by the court. Finally, the authors posit that, regardless of the specific remedy chosen, there must be some principle of remedial proportionality that is applied in these cases.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 2
Bose-Einstein condensation in multilayers
Creators: name: Salas, P.
name: Fortes, M.
name: de Llano, M.
name: Sevilla, F. J.
name: Solis, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The critical BEC temperature $T_{c}$ of a non interacting boson gas in a layered structure like those of cuprate superconductors is shown to have a minimum $T_{c,m}$, at a characteristic separation between planes $a_{m}$. It is shown that for $a
description: Four pages, four figures
Context dependency in a social rehabilitation scenario
Creators: name: Ilaria, Bavazzano
name: Carlo, Mazzola
name: Giulia, Belgiovine
name: Maura, Casadio
name: Alessandra, Sciutti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Social Robotics
Shared Perception
Rehabilitative Robots
Proprioception
Context Dependency

description: Extended astract presented at the IEEE ICDL 2021 Workshop Spatio-temporal Aspects of Embodied Predictive Processing.
description: {"references": ["G. M. Cicchini, R. Arrighi, L. Cecchetti, M. Giusti, and D. C. Burr, \"Optimal encoding of interval timing in expert percussionists.,\" Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 1056\u201360, Jan. 2012, https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3411-11.2012", "A. Sciutti, D. Burr, A. Saracco, G. Sandini, and M. Gori, \"Development of context dependency in human space perception,\" Experimental Brain Research, vol. 232, no. 12, pp. 3965\u20133976, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-014-4021-y", "C. Mazzola, A. M. Aroyo, F. Rea, and A. Sciutti, \"Interacting with a social robot affects visual perception of space,\" Proceedings of 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human Robot Interaction (HRI'20), pp. 549\u2013557, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374819"]}
Direct Regulation of Medical Malpractice Premiums: The Least Dangerous Reform
Creators: name: Winning, Robert
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2010

description: Medical malpractice is a wrong that society tries to prevent, in part, through its tort system. Like all tort awards, medical malpractice verdicts serve two societal goals: deterrence and victim compensation. Unlike other torts, however, medical malpractice operates in the arena of health care and is therefore the subject of tremendous scrutiny. In response to a perception that medical malpractice lawsuits have an adverse effect on both health care access and health care cost, lawmakers across the country have set their attention on reforming the medical malpractice system. Common reforms change the tort litigation landscape by affecting the ability of plaintiffs to (1) initiate litigation (e.g., reducing the statute of limitations or requiring plaintiffs to obtain certification from experts that their claims have merit); or, (2) litigate the issues (e.g., changing expert testimony requirements); or, most commonly, (3) be compensated upon a verdict or settlement in their favor (e.g. capping damages, limiting joint and several liability, capping attorneys’ fees). Many of these reforms—most notably, damage caps—retard the traditional tort goals of victim compensation and deterrence and impose a substantial cost on the state. This note argues for an alternative reform: direct regulation of malpractice insurance companies and the premiums they charge.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 1
The Shari’ah and the Challenge and Opportunity of Embracing Finance “Without Interest”
Creators: name: Bhatti, Sulman A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2010

description: It is perhaps safe to assume that after the recent credit crisis, more Americans would prefer an interest-free Shari’ah-compliant mortgage over a conventional variable rate mortgage. But for over 300 years, a commercial alternative to interest-based banking has never been available in the United States.’ America’s population now includes nearly six million Muslims, all of whom are morally prohibited from entering into financing arrangements involving interest. The active participation of Muslims in the U.S. financial system depends, in part, on how current law responds to their need for a system of finance that does not require interest. U.S. regulators and legal professionals have taken notice of the growing salience of Islamic financial concepts, but their response has been ambivalent. Despite demonstrated interest from consumers within the United States, there are no statutes or administrative regulations allowing for the creation of banks that provide interest free financing for U.S. residents. Meanwhile, U.S. law firms have opted to make Shari’ah-sanctioned profit abroad, sending attorneys to serve wealthy commercial clients in the Middle East. Domestic financial institutions and legal professionals are generally unprepared to service the basic banking and financing needs of the six million Muslims living within the United States. For these Muslims, ensuring that their finances are managed in a way that is consonant with their belief structure is essential to the free exercise of their religion, a right that is arguably guaranteed under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. This Note argues that the current U.S. regulatory framework should allow for an alternative retail financing option and bank deposit scheme for American Muslims who choose to observe Islam’s prohibition against interest. This requires de minimis banking regulation that would allow both conventional banks and new institutions to serve observant Muslims. These changes will integrate more Americans into the U.S. financial system without compromising the policies behind the laws and regulations of the United States. The Note suggests one regulatory proposal and one minor amendment to current U.S. banking law, particularly the FDICIA, which would allow for the development of Shari’ah-based alternatives in the United States while leaving traditional banking options unaffected. The Note also addresses the limitations of the proposed approach and responds to potential critiques.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 1