Cryptapseudes mamua Morales-Núñez & Heard & Bird 2019, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Morales-Núñez, Andrés G.
name: Heard, Richard W.
name: Bird, Graham J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Tanaidacea
Metapseudidae
Cryptapseudes
Cryptapseudes mamua

description: Cryptapseudes mamua sp. nov.
(Figs 11 ̄21E, H, J)
Material examined. Type Material. Holotype— ovigerous ♀, TL 1.7 mm, (UF Arthropoda 49371), Stn BIZ-487 (Biocode No. MBIO40726; BMOO-13318; UF: Arthropoda: 28816), (-17.51012; -149.85129), depth 0.5–1 m, fore-reef, collectors Arthur Anker, Charlotte Watson, Gary Poore, and John Slapcinsky, October-31-2010, Mo‘orea Island, E side of Opunohu Bay, about 1 km N of Criobe, near white tower in water.
Paratypes —non-ovigerous ♀ (with oöstegites), TL 1.5 mm, (UF Arthropoda 49372) and one subadult(?) ♂, TL 1.2 mm, (UF Arthropoda 49373), Stn BIZ-508 (Biocode No. MBIO40637; BMOO-13955; UF: Arthropoda: 28838), (-17.47610; -149.83100), depth 10–11 m, fore-reef (in/on ruble), collector Kristine White, November-07- 2010, Mo‘orea Island, off channel MPA marker.— One non-ovigerous ♀, TL 1.0 mm, (USNM 1480637), Stn BIZ- 795.B (Biocode No. MBIO59835; BMOO-18252; UF: Arthropoda: 33940), (-17.47593; -149.84190), depth 13 m, outer reef slope (in ARMS 9), collectors BioCode IZ /ARMS team, February-04-2012, Mo‘orea Island, ARMS 9 site.—One ovigerous ♀, TL 1.2 mm, (USNM 1480638), Stn BIZ-485 (Biocode No. MBIO40747; BMOO-14504; UF: Arthropoda: 28960), (-17.49410; -149.86200), depth 10–20 m, small caves/hollows, collectors Jenna Moore, Mandy Bemis, and Seabird McKeon, November-02-2010, Mo‘orea Island, Opunohu Bay, wall near pylon.
Additional material. —Ovigerous ♀ (dissected), TL 1.7 mm, same collection data as holotype (remnants in collection of RWH). —Non-ovigerous ♀ (with oöstegites, damaged), TL 1.5 mm, same collection data as holotype. —Non-ovigerous ♀, TL 1.1 mm,, Stn BIZ-795.B (Biocode No. MBIO59835; BMOO-18252; UF: Arthropoda: 33940), (-17.47593; -149.84190), depth 13 m, outer reef slope (in ARMS 9), collectors BioCode IZ/ARMS team, February-04-2012, Mo‘orea Island, ARMS 9 site.
Diagnosis. Female. Rostrum expanded anteriorly into rosette cluster of short spines. Antennule with outer flagellum having two or three articles. Antenna with seven to nine articles. Mandible palp distal article with 5–6 setae. Maxilliped palp with article-1 having small spiniform seta on distolateral margin. Pereopods 2–3 with dorsal margin of basis having one or two blunt, spiniform process, on sub-proximal margin, and one blunt, spiniform process, on sub-distal margin. Pleotelson with two dorsolateral apophyses, each bearing two tubercles, long stiff seta and two simple setae; postero-dorsal surface with strong, apophysis bearing one tubercle and four simple setae. Subadult(?) male. Body similar to female. Cheliped more robust that female, propodus bearing two denticles on sub-distal ventral margin.
Etymology. After ‘ Mamua ’, the name used by the English poet Rupert Brooke for one of his Polynesian lovers (although probably not the Mo’orean, Taatamata—Tumatataata Topotofaerani) in the poem ‘Tiare Tahiti’ (Mamua, when our laughter ends, ….), during his stay in Papeete, Tahiti, February–April 1914; probably his rendition of Tahitian maimoa —‘favourite’, ‘chosen one’ (Delany 2015: 240); used as noun in apposition.
Type locality. East side of Opunohu Bay, about 1 km North of Criobe, near white tower in water (-17.5101; - 149.851), Mo‘orea Island, Society Island, French Polynesia.
Distribution. Known from the shallow coastal waters of the Mo‘orea Island at depths ranging from 0.5 to 20 m.
Description. Based on ovigerous ♀ (holotype (UF Arthropoda 49371), paratype (UF Arthropoda 49372), and additional topotypic material).
Body (Fig. 11). Sub-cylindrical, broader than deep. Holotype: TL 1.7 mm, about 3.2 ltb; widest at juncture of carapace and pereonite-1.
Cephalothorax (Fig. 11 A–B). About 30% of TL, slightly longer than combined lengths of pereonites 1–3; rostral base with anterior margin denticulate; rostrum rosette or mace-like, with five spines (Fig. 10B); eye-lobes well defined, visual elements present. Carapace with simple seta near each ocular lobe, and one dorsal protuberance with two long, stiff setae mid-dorsally; branchial region with dorsal circular red-pigmented area (retained in ethanol after).
Pereon (Fig. 11A, C ̄D). About 60% of TL, all pereonites wider than long, pereonite-1 widest; pereonites 2̄6 decreasing in width distally; pereonites 1–6 each with low, broadly rounded (lateral) protuberance, each with one to three strongly developed stiff setae (Fig. 11C); pereonites 1̄2 and 4̄6 with two large, stiff setae on anterior dorsal margin (Fig. 11A); pereonite-4 with anterior lateral denticulate projection (Fig. 110A); pereonite-6 with one small spine (Fig. 11C). Pereonites 3 and 5 with hyposphenia (Fig. 11D).
Pleotelson (Figs 11A, C ̄D, 17A). Reduced, about 10% of TL, shorter than pereonites 5–6 combined (Fig. 11A, C); abdomen not distinguishable from telson (all pleonites fused together and with telson), with five pairs of small, reduced pleopods indicating ventral remnants of pleonites at their attachment and with well-developed pair of uropods (Fig. 17A). Ventrally with five anterior keels (Fig. 11D); sub-proximal dorsal anterior region with pair of simple setae; mid-dorsal region with pair of apophyses each bearing two spiniform setae, long stiff seta, and two simple setae (Fig. 17A). Dorsally with posterior region having apophysis bearing one spiniform seta and four simple setae (Fig. 17A). Mid posterior margin region with three keels (Fig. 10D).
Antennule (Fig. 12A ̄B). Shorter than carapace. Peduncle with four articles. Article-1 three times ltb; inner margin with proximal row of setules, with medial and distal apophyses bearing two (medial) or three (distal) spiniform setae, and two simple setae; dorsal margin with one sub-proximal PSS and one mid simple seta; outer margin with four PSS and distal simple seta. Article-2 about 1.5 times ltb, distally widest; inner distal margin with one PSS, three simple setae of various lengths, and two spiniform setae; distodorsal margin with simple seta; outer distal margin with three simple setae of unequal lengths and two PSS. Article-3 just ltb, distinctly shorter and narrower than article-2, with distal simple setae at each margin. Article-4 shorter than broad; inner distal margin with simple seta. Outer flagellum (only right described in detail) with two (right; Fig. 12A) or three (left; Fig. 12B) articles. Article-1 about 1.8 times ltb; inner distal margin with one aesthetasc and two simple setae of unequal lengths; outer distal margin with simple seta. Article-2 three times ltb; distally with one aesthetasc and seven simple setae of unequal lengths. Left outer flagellum with one aesthetasc on inner distal margin at each article. Inner flagellum uniarticulate, five times ltb, distally with two simple setae. Left inner flagellum reduced, with two simple setae on outer distal margin.
Antenna (Fig. 12C) with nine articles. Article-1 having inner sub-distal process with distal denticles. Article-2 about 1.4 times ltb; inner distal margin with one PSS and two spiniform setae; outer mid margin with one PSS; squama present, small, about as long as broad, with two distal simple setae of unequal lengths. Article-3 wider than long; inner distal margin with one simple seta and one spiniform seta. Article-4 twice as long as broad; inner distal margin with one PSS. Article-5 longest, slightly less than three times ltb, distally widest; inner distal margin with three PSS; outer distal margin with two PSS. Article-6 shortest, asetose. Article-7 about 1.2 times ltb; inner distal margin with long simple seta. Article-8 about 2.3 times ltb; inner distal margin with one PSS and long simple seta; outer distal margin with one long simple seta. Article-9 nearly four times ltb, with three simple setae of varying lengths.
Mouthparts: Labrum not recovered. Mandibles (Fig. 13ĀD). Left mandible with incisor bearing three denticles (Fig. 13A); lacinia mobilis broad with three denticles (Fig. 13B); setiferous lobe with four multi-furcate spiniform setae (Fig. 13A). Right mandible with incisor having four (one acute) denticles (Fig. 13C); lacinia mobilis widely bidentate (Fig. 13C); setiferous lobe with three multi-furcate spiniform setae (Fig. 13C). Molar process of left and right (not illustrated) mandible similar, with grinding surface (Fig. 13A). Palp (13A, D) article-1 as long as article-2, inner margin with sub-distal simple seta; article-2 twice as long as broad, with two sub-distal simple setae on inner margin; article-3, with five (left; Fig. 13A) or six (right; Fig. 13D) setulate distal setae of various lengths.
Labium (Fig. 13ĒF). Lobe with mid-distal margin setulose, with outer margin serrate (Fig. 14E). Palp oval, outer margin setulose, with three distal setulate setae (Fig. 13F).
Maxillule (Fig. 13G). Inner endite with five setulate distal setae. Outer endite with ten (one small) distal spiniform setae and two sub-distal setulose setae; palp biarticulate with one sub-distal seta and two distal whip-like setae, distalmost seta longest.
Maxilla (Fig. 14A ̄E). Outer margin with two denticles and two simple setae, and inner margin with three denticles and one simple seta; outer lobe of movable endite with five inner pinnate spiniform setae (Fig. 14B); inner lobe of movable endite with five spiniform setae; outer lobe of fixed endite with two (one sub-distal and one distal) outer pinnate setae (Fig. 14C), three trifurcate spiniform (Fig. 14D) and two spiniform setae; inner lobe of fixed endite with five bifid spiniform setae (Fig. 14E), and row of ~17 basally swollen setae.
Maxilliped (Fig. 14F ̄G). Coxa short and wide. Basis bulbous, 1.2 times ltb, widest proximally; inner distal margin with long, stiff seta. Palp article-1 shortest, distal inner margin with long, stiff seta, and distal outer margin expanded distally with small spiniform seta; article-2 longest, inner margin finely setulose proximally, with four simple setae of varying lengths and row of nine distally attenuated spiniform setae, outer distal margin with stout spiniform seta; article-3 globose, smaller than article-2, inner margin with two distal spiniform seta and five welldeveloped, distally attenuated spiniform setae; article-4 narrower, inner margin with seven spiniform setae and two setulate spiniform setae. Endite (Fig. 14G) with inner margin having two coupling hooks (Fig. 14F), row of six basally-swollen setulate setae, four apically bidentate or grooved spiniform setae with outer setulose margin, three long apically bidentate or grooved spiniform setae, and one pinnate spiniform seta; outer margin expanded lateral, setulose, and with four denticles.
Epignath (Fig. 14H). Sub-oval, stout with distolateral margin having large, anteromedially directed seta.
Cheliped (Fig. 15A ̄C). Exopod with three articles, third article bearing four plumose setae. Basis 1.6 times ltb; ventral margin with two sub-proximal simple setae, one spiniform seta on mid-margin, and three sub-distal simple setae. Merus triangular, ventral margin with two sub-distal simple setae; mid-outer margin with one simple seta; mid-inner face with one simple seta (Fig. 15B). Carpus 2.5 times ltb, slightly longer than basis, ventral margin with two and one (distal) simple setae; inner distoventral face with one distal simple seta (Fig. 15B). Propodus 1.1 times as wide as long; outer margin with one (near to articulation of dactylus) simple seta; dorsal margin with two (one mid and one distal) simple setae; inner face with one simple seta and one bipinnate spiniform seta on midmedial margin near articulation of dactylus (Fig. 15B); fixed finger with three ventral simple setae, with four submarginal simple setae on outer incisive margin, grasping edge with ~six blade-like pectinate setae, claw well-
Pereopod -1 (Fig. 16A ̄C). Coxa asetose. Basis 3.2 times ltb; ventral margin with five (distal one longest) curved simple setae; dorsal margin with simple seta, five (left) or six (right) blunt, spiniform processes alternating with plumose setae (Fig. ĀB, respectively); inner face with proximal row of ~six simple setae (Fig. 16B). Ischium wider than long, with one short and one long simple seta on distal ventral margin. Merus 1.7 times ltb; ventral margin with two simple setae and one sub-distal spiniform seta; dorsal margin expanded distally, forming lobe bearing two curved, acutely tipped spiniform setae. Carpus 1.4 times ltb; ventral margin with two spiniform setae, and one simple seta; outer margin with mid-ventral simple seta; dorsal margin expanded distally, forming lobe bearing two curved, acutely tipped spiniform setae, and two simple setae. Propodus 2.7 times ltb; ventral margin with four spiniform setae; outer margin with sub-distal ventral simple seta; dorsal margin with mid PSS, and one spiniform seta and simple seta distally; inner face with bipinnate spiniform seta (Fig. 16C). Dactylus curved, together with unguis shorter than propodus; dactylus longer than unguis, with two ventral spines and one simple seta distally. Exopod with three articles, third article bearing five plumose setae (Fig. 16B).
Pereopod-2 (Fig. 16D). Shorter and more gracile than pereopod-1. Basis 3.8 times ltb; distoventral margin with simple seta; dorsal margin with one blunt, spiniform processes, on sub-proximal margin, with two simple setae. Ischium wider than long, with two (one short and one long) simple setae on distal ventral margin. Merus 1.8 times ltb; ventral margin with one simple seta and two sub-distal spiniform setae; dorsal margin expanded distally, forming lobe bearing one, acutely tipped simple seta. Carpus about as long as broad; ventral margin with two spiniform setae; outer margin with one mid-dorsal spiniform seta; dorsal margin expanded distally, forming lobe bearing two curved, acutely tipped spiniform setae, and one simple seta. Propodus 3.0 times ltb; ventral margin with four spiniform setae; dorsal margin with mid PSS, one spiniform seta, and simple seta distally. Dactylus curved, together with unguis shorter than propodus; dactylus longer than unguis, with one mid ventral spine, and two ventral simple setae distally.
Pereopod-3 (Fig. 16E). Similar to pereopod-2 but shorter. Basis ventral margin with three (two proximal and one sub-distal) simple setae; dorsal margin with one blunt, spiniform processes, on sub-proximal margin, and one mid simple seta. Propodus with four spiniform setae on ventral margin.
Pereopod-4 (Fig. 16F). Basis 5.3 times ltb; ventral margin with one simple seta. Ischium wider than long, with one short and one long simple setae on distal ventral margin. Merus 1.2 times ltb; ventral margin with two (one not shown) sub-distal spiniform setae; dorsal margin with acutely tipped simple seta. Carpus 1.7 times ltb; ventral margin with two spiniform setae; dorsal margin with one simple seta. Propodus almost three times ltb; ventral margin with two spiniform setae; dorsal margin with mid PSS, and three pectinate spiniform and one simple subdistal setae. Dactylus curved, together with unguis shorter than propodus; dactylus longer than unguis, with one mid ventral spine, and two ventral simple setae distally.
Pereopod-5 (Fig. 16G). Similar to pereopod-4 but slightly longer. Carpus asetose on dorsal margin.
Pereopod-6 (Fig. 16H). Similar to pereopod-5 but slightly shorter. Basis with three simple setae on ventral margin; mid-dorsal margin with one simple seta. Carpus with small simple seta on distodorsal margin. Propodus with four sub-distal pectinate setae.
Pleopods (Fig. 17A ̄B). Five similar, greatly reduced pairs, compressed into anterior half of fused pleon. Basal article sub-divided into two sub-articles, asetose, attached proximally to ventral protrusion. Exopod uniarticulate, shorter than endopodal article-1, with one simple seta and long plumose seta distally. Endopod biarticulate, article- 1 as long as article-2, with one long plumose seta on inner distal margin; article-2 with two long plumose setae of varying lengths distally.
Uropod (Fig. 17A, C). Biramous. Basal article, 2.1 times ltb; inner margin with two distal simple setae (Fig. 16A). Exopod small, uniarticulate, shorter than half length of endopodal article-1, with two long simple setae of unequal lengths distally. Endopod of five articles; articles 1̄2 bearing two PSS; article-2 shortest; articles 3̄5 bearing one PSS; articles 3̄4 with one long simple seta on distal outer margin; article-4 longest; article-5 with three simple setae of unequal lengths.
Subadult(?) male. Overall similar to adult female, except in having a longer antennule and cephalothorax, the size of the chelipeds, and the armament of the pleotelson (paratype, UF Arthropoda 49373).
Body (Fig. 18A). Small, ventrally flattened, TL 1.2 mm.
Cephalothorax (Fig. 18A). About 40% of TL.
Pereon (Fig. 18A ̄B). About 50% of TL. Pereonite-6 with one dorsal spiniform seta (Fig. 17B) and genital cone.
Pleotelson (Fig. 18A ̄C). Reduced, about 10% of TL (Fig. 18A), abdomen not distinguishable from telson (all pleonites fused together and with telson) (Fig.17B), with five pairs of small, reduced pleopods indicating ventral remnants of pleonites at their attachment (not illustrated) and with well-developed pair of uropods (Fig. 18B). Ventrally, with ~three anterior keels (Fig. 18B); sub-proximal dorsal anterior region with pair of simple setae and pair of spines, mid-dorsal region with pair of apophyses each bearing one spine, long stiff seta, and simple seta (Fig. 18B). Dorsally, with posterior region having apophysis bearing one spiniform seta and four simple setae (Fig. 18B). Mid posterior margin region with two keels (Fig.18C).
Antennule (Fig. 18A). Length about equal to that of cephalothorax. Article-1 with medial apophysis bearing two (left) or three (right) spiniform setae, and distal apophyses bearing two spiniform setae.
Cheliped (Fig. 19A ̄D). Shorter but robust. Exopod with three articles, third article bearing four plumose setae. Basis just longer than broad; ventral margin with two sub-proximal simple setae, one spiniform seta on midmargin, and three sub-distal simple setae; inner face with mid-dorsal small simple seta (Fig. 19B). Merus triangular, ventral margin with one sub-distal simple seta; mid-outer margin with one simple seta; inner face with two mid-dorsal simple setae (Fig. 19B). Carpus 1.6 times ltb, broad and short sub-distal ventral margin with two denticles (one of them apparently broken) and one simple seta between them, and two simple setae; dorsal margin with two sub-proximal simple setae and one distal simple seta; inner face with sub-proximal ventral seta and one small sub-distal simple seta (Fig. 19B). Propodus with palm about just wider than long; mid-ventral margin with two simple setae; mid-outer margin with two simple setae; mid distal margin with two simple setae near to articulation of dactylus; dorsal margin with four (two sub-proximal, one mid, and one distally) simple setae; inner face with simple seta on mid-medial margin (Fig. 19B), and one simple seta and one bipinnate spiniform seta on mid-medial margin near articulation of dactylus (Fig. 19B ̄C); fixed finger with two ventral simple setae, five submarginal simple setae on outer incisive margin, one long simple seta (near to articulation of dactylus), socket present at base of fixed finger for insertion of proximal tooth of dactylus, claw well-developed; inner face with one mid-inner bipinnate spiniform seta (Fig. 19B, D), and two (one bipinnate spiniform and one simple) setae on subproximal grasping edge (Fig. 19B, D). Dactylus and unguis longer than fixed finger and curving downward; inner face with three bipinnate spiniform setae on sub-distal margin (Fig. 19D).
Intraspecific variation. Cryptapseudes mamua sp. nov. exhibits a notable degree of variation among the eight individuals examined during this study (Table 3). The variation observed includes:
(1) Absence of a pair of large, stiff setae on anterior dorsal margin of pereonite-3 was observed on non-ovigerous females, ovigerous females, and males; however, this pair of setae was noted only on a female with marsupium (USNM 1480638).
(2) Presence of pair of small spiniform setae on the sub-anterior dorsal region of the paratype (UF Arthropoda 49372) (Fig. 11C), which were not observed on the holotype.
(3) Number of spiniform setae on the inner medial margin of the antennular article-1 varied from 2–3 in both sexes, and this variation can be observed between left and right antennal article-1 of the same specimen (e.g. subadult male) (Table 3).
(4) Number of articles on the antennular outer flagellum varied from 2–3 in non-ovigerous females, ovigerous females, and female with marsupium (Table 3), moreover, it was observed that the number of articles of the outer flagellum varied between two (right) or three (left) on the ovigerous females (dissected) (Table 3).
(5) Antenna with 7̄9 articles (Table 3).
(6) Number of sub-proximal, blunt, spiniform process on dorsal basis of pereopods 2–3 (varied from 1–2 (holotype: P-2 with two (Fig. 16I) and P-3 with one (Fig. 16J), Table 3), and the number varied between left and right (Table 3).
(7) Number of spiniform setae on ventral margin of pereopod-2 of ovigerous females differs from those of nonovigerous females/female with marsupium/subadult male (four versus three, respectively) (Table 3).
Size-distribution. The body sizes of individuals Cryptapseudes mamua measured during this study are presented in Table 3. The non-ovigerous females ranged from about 1.0 to 1.5 mm (n=4). Ovigerous females ranged from 1.2 to 1.7 mm (n=2). Subadult male TL 1.2 mm.
Remarks. Cryptapseudes mamua sp. nov. becomes the fifth member of the genus to be described (Table 4, Key). It appears to most closely resemble C. leroyi in the general body form. It can be distinguished from C. leroyi, however, by (1) the mandible palp article-1 as long as article-2 (article-1 shorter than article- 2 in leroyi), (2) maxilliped endite outer margin with four denticles (without denticles in leroyi), (3) antennal article-1 with inner apophysis extending laterally, reaching the half-length of article-2 (extending distally nearly reaching proximal margin of article- 3 in leroyi).
The new species differs from C. acutifrons in having the rostrum expanded into a rosette cluster of spines (acute tip in C. acutifrons). Cryptapseudes mamua is distinguished from C. sankarankuttyi by lacking a single pair of lateral tubercles adjacent to the rostrum (present in sankarankuttyi). It can be separated from C. romanae by having antennal articles 2̄3 with distal inner margin bearing two and one spines, respectively (without spines in romanae), a maxillipedal palp article-1 lacking a stout spiniform seta on the distolateral margin (present in romanae), maxilliped endite outer margin expanded lateral with four denticles (straight and without denticles in romanae). The following illustrated identification key may be used to further separate the species within the genus Cryptapseudes.
At present the members of Cryptapseudes are known from the mid and SW Pacific and Western Indian Oceans (Figure 20). The new species from Mo’orea is the second species described from Pacific Ocean; the first being C. leroyi, from the mid-Pacific (Hawai’i) and the only member of the genus reported from the Northern Hemisphere. The remaining three nominal species, C. acutifrons, C. romanae, C. sankarankuttyi, are known from the Western Indian Ocean off SE Africa.
The lack of records for Cryptapseudes in the coastal waters of the Eastern Pacific may be due to the lack of sampling in live-bottom habitats suitable for its small cryptic species. For the same reasons, its eventual discovery in the tropical, live-bottom habitats of the Eastern and Western Atlantic cannot be ruled out.
“?” indicates that it was not possible to determine the presence/absence of this character
information on distribution and depth range
* Indicates male known.
description: Published as part of Morales-Núñez, Andrés G., Heard, Richard W. & Bird, Graham J., 2019, Two new apseudomorphan species (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Metapseudidae) from Mo'orea Island (Society Islands, French Polynesia) with taxonomic keys, pp. 213-247 in Zootaxa 4564 (1) on pages 231-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/2588858