cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the Hadronic Components in NGC 1068
Creators: name: Ajello, Marco
name: Murase, Kohta
name: McDaniel, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent detection of high-energy neutrinos by IceCube in the direction of the nearby Seyfert/starburst galaxy NGC 1068 implies that radio-quiet active galactic nuclei can accelerate cosmic-ray ions. Dedicated multi-messenger analyses suggest that the interaction of these high-energy ions { with ambient gas or photons} happens in a region of the galaxy that is highly opaque for GeV-TeV gamma rays. Otherwise, the GeV-TeV emission would violate existing constraints provided by {\it Fermi}-LAT and MAGIC. The conditions of high optical depth are realized near the central super-massive black hole (SMBH). At the same time, the GeV emission detected by the {\it Fermi}-Large Area Telescope (LAT) is likely related to the galaxy's sustained star-formation activity. In this work, we derive a 20\,MeV - 1\,TeV spectrum of NGC 1068 using 14\,yrs of {\it Fermi}-LAT observations. We find that the starburst hadronic component is responsible for NGC 1068's emission above $\sim$500\,MeV. However, below this energy an additional component is required. In the 20-500\,MeV range the {\it Fermi}-LAT data are consistent with hadronic emission {initiated by non-thermal ions interacting with gas or photons} in the vicinity of the central SMBH. This highlights the importance of the MeV band to discover hidden cosmic-ray accelerators.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Nonassociative differential extensions of characteristic p
Creators: name: Pumpluen, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17A35 (Primary), 17A60, 17A36 (Secondary)

description: Let F be a field of characteristic p. We define and investigate nonassociative differential extensions of F and of a central simple division algebra over F and give a criterium for these algebras to be division. As special cases, we obtain classical results for associative algebras by Amitsur and Jacobson. We construct families of nonassociative division algebras which can be viewed as generalizations of associative cyclic extensions of a purely inseparable field extension of exponent one or a central division algebra. Division algebras which are nonassociative cyclic extensions of a purely inseparable field extension of exponent one are particularly easy to obtain.
description: 15 pages
Zwangsmigration als Instrument deutscher und sowjetischer Besatzungs- und Annexionspolitik in Polen 1939–1941/45
Creators: name: Ruchniewicz, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: From 1939 to 1945, Poles were forced to live under two regimes of occupation which both turned to mass expulsion in exercising political control. Still, however, there were significant differences between Soviet and German rule. Stalin was suspicious of Poles and Jews, but he did not plan to change the ethnonational structure of the newly annexed territories. After the liquidation of unwanted social strata a reeducation of the remaining population, no matter of which ethnic or religious background, into ‘class-conscious’ Soviet citizens was planned. The German occupation regime on the other hand aimed from the very beginning at radically changing the occupied and annexed part of Poland. Here, ethnicity determined the relationship between occupiers and occupied and, in particular, the latter’s living condition and thus their chances for survival.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 1 (2016): Zwangsmigration im Europa der Moderne. Nationale Ursachen und transnationale Wirkungen
Nationale Homogenisierung durch ethnische Säuberung?
Creators: name: Madajczyk, Piotr
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: How did the idea of the Polish nation-state and the idea of a homogeneous Polish nation develop in the era of the World War I? And is there a connection with what today is known as ethnic cleansing? The importance of the Great War on both on politics, economy and society can hardly be overestimated. What influence did it have on the population in the areas which after 1918 formed the Polish state? Was there an impact of conflicts of national interests during the Great War on the post-war situation? And to what extent was the idea of a Polish nation-state connected with the concept of ethnic ‘purity’? The author claims that there are continuities which under specific historical circumstances resulted in ethnic cleansing.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 1 (2016): Zwangsmigration im Europa der Moderne. Nationale Ursachen und transnationale Wirkungen
Supermode-Density-Wave-Polariton Condensation
Creators: name: Kollár, Alicia J.
name: Papageorge, Alexander T.
name: Vaidya, Varun D.
name: Guo, Yudan
name: Keeling, Jonathan
name: Lev, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase transitions, where observable properties of a many-body system change discontinuously, can occur in both open and closed systems. Ultracold atoms have provided an exemplary model system to demonstrate the physics of closed-system phase transitions, confirming many theoretical models and results. Our understanding of dissipative phase transitions in quantum systems is less developed, and experiments that probe this physics even less so. By placing cold atoms in optical cavities, and inducing strong coupling between light and excitations of the atoms, one can experimentally study phase transitions of open quantum systems. Here we observe and study a novel form of nonequilibrium phase transition, the condensation of supermode-density-wave-polaritons. These polaritons are formed from a hybrid "supermode" of cavity photons coupled to atomic density waves of a quantum gas. Because the cavity supports multiple photon spatial modes, and because the matter-light coupling can be comparable to the energy splitting of these modes, the composition of the supermode polariton is changed by the matter-light coupling upon condensation. These results, found in the few-mode-degenerate cavity regime, demonstrate the potential of fully multimode cavities to exhibit physics beyond mean-field theories. Such systems will provide experimental access to nontrivial phase transitions in driven dissipative quantum systems as well as enabling the studies of novel non-equilibrium spin glasses and neuromorphic computation.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
RIS-Aided Wireless Communications: Prototyping, Adaptive Beamforming, and Indoor/Outdoor Field Trials
Creators: name: Pei, Xilong
name: Yin, Haifan
name: Tan, Li
name: Cao, Lin
name: Li, Zhanpeng
name: Wang, Kai
name: Zhang, Kun
name: Björnson, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The prospects of using a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) to aid wireless communication systems have recently received much attention from academia and industry. Most papers make theoretical studies based on elementary models, while the prototyping of RIS-aided wireless communication and real-world field trials are scarce. In this paper, we describe a new RIS prototype consisting of 1100 controllable elements working at 5.8 GHz band. We propose an efficient algorithm for configuring the RIS over the air by exploiting the geometrical array properties and a practical receiver-RIS feedback link. In our indoor test, where the transmitter and receiver are separated by a 30 cm thick concrete wall, our RIS prototype provides a 26 dB power gain compared to the baseline case where the RIS is replaced by a copper plate. A 27 dB power gain was observed in the short-distance outdoor measurement. We also carried out long-distance measurements and successfully transmitted a 32 Mbps data stream over 500 m. A 1080p video was live-streamed and it only played smoothly when the RIS was utilized. The power consumption of the RIS is around 1 W. Our paper is vivid proof that the RIS is a very promising technology for future wireless communications.
description: 13 pages, 18 figures, submitted
Variant Plateau Law in Atomically Thin Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Dome Networks
Creators: name: Liu, Boqing
name: Yildirim, Tanju
name: Lv, Tieyu
name: Blundo, Elena
name: Wang, Li
name: Jiang, Lixue
name: Zou, Hongshuai
name: Zhang, Lijun
name: Zhao, Huijun
name: Yin, Zongyou
name: Tian, Fangbao
name: Polimeni, Antonio
name: Lu, Yuerui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since its fundamental inception from soap bubbles, Plateau law has sparked extensive research in equilibrated states. However, most studies primarily relied on liquids, foams or cellular structures, whereas its applicability has yet to be explored in nano-scale solid films. Here, we observed a variant Plateau law in networks of atomically thin domes made of solid two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Discrete layer-dependent van der Waals (vdWs) interaction energies were experimentally and theoretically obtained for domes protruding in different TMD layers. Significant surface tension differences from layer-dependent vdWs interaction energies manifest in a variant of this fundamental law. Meanwhile, the remarkable mechanical properties, gas impermeability and interlayer vdWs interaction energy of TMD films enable domes and the networks to sustain high gas pressure and exist in a fundamentally variant nature for several years. Our findings pave the way towards exploring variant discretised states with applications in opto-electro-mechanical devices.
Der „Exodus“ der Italiener aus Istrien:
Creators: name: Cattaruzza, Marina
name: Ivetić, Egidio
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: The subject of the article is the mass exodus of the Italian speaking or Italian oriented population of Istria, a peninsula on the north-eastern Adria occupied by the Yugoslav Army of Marshall Tito at the end of WW2 and attributed to Yugoslavia with the peace treaty between Italy and the United Nations in 1947. The ‘exodus’ involved some 270.000-300.000 people, corresponding to 85-100% of those who understood themselves as ‘Italians’. Therefore, although no official measures were taken to carry out an ‘ethnic simplification’ of the territory, the result was the disappearance of a substantial ethnic component, leading to an unchallenged Croatian predominance in ‘socialist Istria’. The authors assert that a crucial factor for the ethnic-national struggle in Istria and the subsequent abandonment of the peninsula by the ‘Italians’ was the uncertain attribution of the territory after WW2. The area was deeply fragmented; some sectors were occupied by the Yugoslavs and others by British-American troops. Both Italy and Yugoslavia claimed the territory for themselves. People rallied to the Italian or the Yugoslav cause and waged relentless battles. Of course the Yugoslavs were in a stronger position thanks to the Army, the secret police, the Communist administration and Communist networks. Therefore, the struggle between Communists and anti-Communists which also affected the rest of Yugoslavia, did on the Italo-Yugoslav border take on the character of an ethnic–national clash between ‘Italians’ and ‘Slavs’.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 1 (2016): Zwangsmigration im Europa der Moderne. Nationale Ursachen und transnationale Wirkungen
Identifying Acoustic Wave Sources on the Sun. II. Improved Filter Techniques for Source Wavefield Seismology
Creators: name: Bahauddin, Shah Mohammad
name: Rast, Mark Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we refine a previously developed acoustic-source filter (Bahauddin & Rast 2021), improving its reliability and extending its capabilities. We demonstrate how to fine-tune the filter to meet observational constraints and to focus on specific wavefront speeds. This refinement enables discrimination of acoustic-source depths and tracking of local-source wavefronts, thereby facilitating ultra-local helioseismology on very small scales. By utilizing the photospheric Doppler signal from a subsurface source in a MURaM simulation, we demonstrate that robust ultra-local three-dimensional helioseismic inversions for the granular flows and sound speed to depths of at least 80 km below the photosphere are possible. The capabilities of the National Science Foundation's new Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) will enable such measurements of the real Sun.
description: One mp4 video file included
The Future of States in Africa:
Creators: name: Nugent, Paul
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Staaten sind trotz aller Krisen auch in afrikanischen Ländern jene politischen Institutionengefüge, in deren Rahmen Zukunftsvorstellungen verhandelt und zur Grundlage politischer Entscheidungen werden. Der Artikel fasst Diskussionen um afrikanische Staatlichkeit zusammen. Er zeigt an den Beispielen staatlicher Grenzen einerseits, bürokratischen Handelns andererseits auf, welche Beharrlichkeit die Institution des Staates und seine konkreten Formen trotz aller Veränderungen entwickelt haben und wie stark sie Rahmenbedingungen für das Nachdenken über Zukunft und die Verständigung über zukünftige Gesellschaften bilden. Damit zeigt der Artikel auch, wie stark Zukunftsentwürfe von den Mitteln beeinflusst werden, die Gesellschaften sehen, sie durchzusetzen, und von den politischen Institutionen, die Hintergrund ihrer Sozialität bilden.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 2 (2016): Multiple Futures - Africa, China, Europe
The vital role of hole-carriers for superconductivity in pressurized black phosphorus
Creators: name: Guo, Jing
name: Wang, Honghong
name: von Rohr, Fabian
name: Yi, Wei
name: Zhou, Yazhou
name: Wang, Zhe
name: Cai, Shu
name: Zhang, Shan
name: Li, Xiaodong
name: Li, Yanchuan
name: Liu, Jing
name: Yang, Ke
name: Li, Aiguo
name: Jiang, Sheng
name: Wu, Qi
name: Xiang, Tao
name: Cava, Robert J
name: Sun, Liling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of carrier type on superconductivity has been an important issue for understanding both conventional and unconventional superconductors [1-7]. For elements that superconduct, it is known that hole-carriers govern the superconductivity for transition and main group metals [8-10]. The role of hole-carriers in elements that are not normally conducting but can be converted to superconductors, however, remains unclear due to the lack of experimental data. Here we report the first in-situ high pressure Hall effect measurements on single crystal black phosphorus, measured up to ~ 50 GPa, and find a correlation between the Hall coefficient and the superconducting transition temperature (TC). Our results reveal that hole-carriers play a vital role in developing superconductivity and enhancing TC. Importantly, we also find a Lifshitz transition in the high-pressure cubic phase at ~17.2GPa, which uncovers the origin of a puzzling valley in the superconducting TC-pressure phase diagram. These results offer insight into the role of hole-carriers in developing superconductivity in simple semiconducting solids under pressure.
description: 9 pages anf 3 figures
Information Technology and the Future of the Chinese State:
Creators: name: Göbel, Christian
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Bis Ende 20 werden 0 Prozent aller Chinesen über einen Internetzugang verfügen. Die Möglichkeiten für eine größer werdende Anzahl von Chinesen, online zu kommunizieren und zu konsumieren, hat eine Reihe von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern dazu inspiriert, sich mit Themen wie Zensur, Überwachung und Nutzung von sozialen Medien zu beschäftigen. Ein Großteil dieser Forschung baut auf der Prämisse einer antagonistischen Beziehung zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft auf. Allerdings weiß man bisher nur wenig darüber, welche Auswirkungen die staatlich geförderten und internetbasierten Kommunikationskanäle zwischen Regierungsbeamten und chinesischen Bürgern auf die Transformation der autoritären Einparteienherrschaft in China haben. Der vorliegende Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dieser Frage, indem er Chinas E-Government-Strategie einerseits zu globalen Entwicklungen in Beziehung setzt, andererseits im Kontext der sich verändernden Anreize untersucht, die politische Reformen in China in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten ermöglicht haben. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Bemühungen der chinesischen Einparteienregierung, die Interaktion zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft zu digitalisieren, großes Potenzial dafür birgt, das Wesen des chinesischen Staates zu verändern. Allerdings stellen diese Veränderungen keinen Paradigmenwechsel dahingehend dar, wie China regiert wird. Der wichtigste Aspekt dieser Veränderungen ist, dass sie die Möglichkeit bieten, das oftmals als „Diktatoren-Dilemma“ bezeichnete Problem zu lösen: Menschen in nichtdemokratischen Regierungssystemen haben Angst davor, den Herrschenden gegenüber ihre Meinung auszudrücken, und entziehen so dem Staat eine wichtige Informationsgrundlage. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Entwicklung hochintegrierter E-Government-Plattformen, wie sie sich die Technokraten der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas vorstellen, bestehender institutioneller Logik folgt und dringende Probleme zu lösen vermag. So wird die Chance darauf erhöht, dass diese Plattformen nachhaltig eingeführt werden.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 2 (2016): Multiple Futures - Africa, China, Europe
Radio continuum and X-ray emission from the most extreme FIR-excess galaxy NGC 1377: An extremely obscured AGN revealed
Creators: name: Costagliola, F.
name: Herrero-Illana, R.
name: Lohfink, A.
name: Pérez-Torres, M.
name: Aalto, S.
name: Muller, S.
name: Alberdi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxies which strongly deviate from the radio-far IR correlation are of great importance for studies of galaxy evolution as they may be tracing early, short-lived stages of starbursts and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The most extreme FIR-excess galaxy NGC1377 has long been interpreted as a young dusty starburst, but millimeter observations of CO lines revealed a powerful collimated molecular outflow which cannot be explained by star formation alone. We present new radio observations at 1.5 and 10 GHz obtained with the Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) and Chandra X-ray observations towards NGC1377. The observations are compared to synthetic starburst models to constrain the properties of the central energy source. We obtained the first detection of the cm radio continuum and X-ray emission in NGC1377. We find that the radio emission is distributed in two components, one on the nucleus and another offset by 4$"$.5 to the South-West. We confirm the extreme FIR-excess of the galaxy, with a $q_\mathrm{FIR}\simeq$4.2, which deviates by more than 7-$σ$ from the radio-FIR correlation. Soft X-ray emission is detected on the off-nucleus component. From the radio emission we estimate for a young ($<10$ Myr) starburst a star formation rate SFR$
description: 14 pages, accepted for publication on Astronomy and Astrophysics on 08/07/2016
“Green Growth” or “System Transition”?
Creators: name: Fischer, Doris
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Der Wechsel der Partei- und Regierungsführung in China im Winter 202/3 wurde von der Erwartung begleitet, dass damit auch ein Wechsel in der Wirtschaftspolitik einhergehen würde. Insbesondere hofften viele Ökonomen, dass sich die neue Führungsriege wieder verstärkt ordnungspolitischen Reformen und einer Stärkung der Marktkräfte zuwenden würde, und sprachen entsprechend von einer „zweiten Transformation“. Im Mittelpunkt des Artikels steht die Frage, wie die konkurrierenden wirtschaftspolitischen Denkschulen in der Vergangenheit die Wirtschaftspolitik der Regierung beeinflusst und im Zusammenspiel mit der entsprechenden internationalen Agenda auf die Nachhaltigkeitspolitik der chinesischen Regierung gewirkt haben und welche Schlüsse sich daraus für die Nachhaltigkeitspolitik der neuen Führungsriege ergeben.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 2 (2016): Multiple Futures - Africa, China, Europe
Thermodynamic stability of Li-B-C compounds from first principles
Creators: name: Kharabadze, Saba
name: Meyers, Maxwell
name: Tomassetti, Charlsey R.
name: Margine, Elena R.
name: Mazin, Igor I.
name: Kolmogorov, Aleksey N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Prediction of high-$T_{\rm{c}}$ superconductivity in hole-doped Li$_x$BC two decades ago has brought about an extensive effort to synthesize new materials with honeycomb B-C layers, but the thermodynamic stability of Li-B-C compounds remains largely unexplored. In this study, we use density functional theory to characterize well-established and recently reported Li-B-C phases. Our calculation of the Li chemical potential in Li$_x$BC helps estimate the ($T$,$P$) conditions required for delithiation of the LiBC parent material, while examination of B-C phases helps rationalize the observation of metastable BC$_3$ polymorphs with honeycomb and diamond-like morphologies. At the same time, we demonstrate that recently reported BC$_3$, LiBC$_3$, and Li$_2$B$_2$C phases with new crystal structures are both dynamically and thermodynamically unstable. With a combination of evolutionary optimization and rational design, we identify considerably more natural and favorable Li$_2$B$_2$C configurations that, nevertheless, remain above the thermodynamic stability threshold.
The multiplicity problem for periodic orbits of magnetic flows on the 2-sphere
Creators: name: Abbondandolo, Alberto
name: Asselle, Luca
name: Benedetti, Gabriele
name: Mazzucchelli, Marco
name: Taimanov, Iskander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J45, 58E05

description: We consider magnetic Tonelli Hamiltonian systems on the cotangent bundle of the 2-sphere, where the magnetic form is not necessarily exact. It is known that, on very low and on high energy levels, these systems may have only finitely many periodic orbits. Our main result asserts that almost all energy levels in a precisely characterized intermediate range $(e_0,e_1)$ possess infinitely many periodic orbits. Such a range of energies is non-empty, for instance, in the physically relevant case where the Tonelli Lagrangian is a kinetic energy and the magnetic form is oscillating (in which case, $e_0=0$ is the minimal energy of the system).
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
Scientific Objectives of the Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) Mission
Creators: name: Bregman, Joel
name: Cen, Renyue
name: Chen, Yang
name: Cui, Wei
name: Fang, Taotao
name: Guo, Fulai
name: Hodges-Kluck, Edmund
name: Huang, Rui
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Ji, Li
name: Ji, Suoqing
name: Kang, Xi
name: Lai, Xiaoyu
name: Li, Hui
name: Li, Jiangtao
name: Li, Miao
name: Li, Xiangdong
name: Li, Yuan
name: Li, Zhaosheng
name: Liang, Guiyun
name: Liu, Helei
name: Liu, Wenhao
name: Lu, Fangjun
name: Mao, Junjie
name: Ponti, Gabriele
name: Qu, Zhijie
name: Shan, Chenxi
name: Shao, Lijing
name: Shi, Fangzheng
name: Shu, Xinwen
name: Sun, Lei
name: Sun, Mouyuan
name: Tong, Hao
name: Wang, Junfeng
name: Wang, Junxian
name: Wang, Q. Daniel
name: Wang, Song
name: Wang, Tinggui
name: Wang, Weiyang
name: Wang, Zhongxiang
name: Xu, Dandan
name: Xu, Haiguang
name: Xu, Heng
name: Xu, Renxin
name: Xu, Xiaojie
name: Xue, Yongquan
name: Yang, Hang
name: Yuan, Feng
name: Zhang, Shuinai
name: Zhang, Yuning
name: Zhang, Zhongli
name: Zhao, Yuanyuan
name: Zhou, Enping
name: Zhou, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) is a proposed space-based X-ray telescope for detecting X-ray emissions from the hot gas content in our universe. With its unprecedented spatially-resolved high-resolution spectroscopy and large field of view, the HUBS mission will be uniquely qualified to measure the physical and chemical properties of the hot gas in the interstellar medium, the circumgalactic medium, the intergalactic medium, and the intracluster medium. These measurements will be valuable for two key scientific goals of HUBS, namely to unravel the AGN and stellar feedback physics that governs the formation and evolution of galaxies, and to probe the baryon budget and multi-phase states from galactic to cosmological scales. In addition to these two goals, the HUBS mission will also help us solve some problems in the fields of galaxy clusters, AGNs, diffuse X-ray backgrounds, supernova remnants, and compact objects. This paper discusses the perspective of advancing these fields using the HUBS telescope.
description: 52 pages, 22 figures. Accepted for publication in Science China: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy
Highly Porous Superconductors: Synthesis, Research, and Prospects
Creators: name: Gokhfeld, D. M.
name: Koblischka, M. R.
name: Koblischka-Veneva, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper gives a review of studies of superconductors with a porosity above 50%. The pores in such superconducting materials provide refrigerant penetration, efficient heat dissipation and stable operation. Methods for the synthesis of the main groups of porous superconductors are described. The results of studies of the structural, magnetic, and electrical transport properties are presented, and the features of the current flow through porous superconductors of various types are considered.
description: review, 14 pages, 3 figures
D-wave superconductivity in boson+fermion dimer models
Creators: name: Goldstein, Garry
name: Chamon, Claudio
name: Castelnovo, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a slave-particle mean-field study of the mixed boson+fermion quantum dimer model introduced by Punk, Allais, and Sachdev [PNAS 112, 9552 (2015)] to describe the physics of the pseudogap phase in cuprate superconductors. Our analysis naturally leads to four charge e fermion pockets whose total area is equal to the hole doping p, for a range of parameters consistent with the t-J model for high temperature superconductivity. Here we find that the dimers are unstable to d-wave superconductivity at low temperatures. The region of the phase diagram with d-wave rather than s-wave superconductivity matches well with the appearance of the four fermion pockets. In the superconducting regime, the dispersion contains eight Dirac cones along the diagonals of the Brillouin zone.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
The Black Hole Information Problem
Creators: name: Polchinski, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The black hole information problem has been a challenge since Hawking's original 1975 paper. It led to the discovery of AdS/CFT, which gave a partial resolution of the paradox. However, recent developments, in particular the firewall puzzle, show that there is much that we do not understand. I review the black hole, Hawking radiation, and the Page curve, and the classic form of the paradox. I discuss AdS/CFT as a partial resolution. I then discuss black hole complementarity and its limitations, leading to many proposals for different kinds of `drama.' I conclude with some recent ideas.
description: 45 pages. Presented at the 2014-15 Jerusalem Winter School and the 2015 TASI
Packaging and solid waste pollution
Creators: name: Christenson, C. N.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Juxtafications of the Future:
Creators: name: Hammar, Amanda
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Repräsentationen des afrikanischen Kontinents behandeln ihn zunehmend als „Zukunftskontinent“, der einen klaren wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Aufschwung vor sich habe. Diese Welle des Optimismus folgt einer vorausgegangenen Welle des Afropessimismus. Der Aufsatz fragt, wessen Ideen und Interessen sich in solchen Diskursen niederschlagen, warum sie gerade heute so virulent werden und wessen Interessen sie dienen. Die Wachstumsrhetorik, so wird deutlich, rechtfertigt die gleichen externen Interventionen, Investitionen und Extraktionen wie die vorausgegangenen Wellen der Rhetorik. Kritische afrikanische Stimmen weisen auf die Widersprüche und Sinnentleertheit der neuen Hyperrhetorik hin und bieten damit alternative, komplexere und historisch klarer verankerte Entwürfe der zukünftigen Einbindung des Kontinents in das globale Wirtschaftsgefüge.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 2 (2016): Multiple Futures - Africa, China, Europe
Multiple Futures or One Future?
Creators: name: Deutschmann, Christoph
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Das zentrale Stichwort, das Zukunftsorientierungen im gegenwärtigen Kapitalismus beschreibt, lautet „Wachstum“. Wirtschaftliches Wachstum ist eine Variable, die die Entwicklungschancen fast aller gesellschaftlichen Subsysteme – von privaten Unternehmen, dem Staat bis hin zu Haushalten und persönlichen Biographien – bestimmt. Im Zuge der Globalisierung des Kapitalismus beschränkt sich der Wachstumsimperativ längst nicht mehr auf westliche Länder, sondern ist zu einem globalen Phänomen geworden. Vorangetrieben wird der Wachstumsprozess durch unternehmerische Innovationen, und durch die Kommunikation von Innovationen in Form technologischer Visionen und „Utopien“, die die für den Markterfolg von Erfindungen nötige gesellschaftliche Resonanz vermitteln. Der Beitrag skizziert zunächst die Hauptbefunde der bekannten Studie Angus Maddisons über das langfristige historische Profil des Wachstumsprozesses. Im Anschluss daran werden sozio- ökonomische, institutionelle und kulturelle Theorien des Wachstums dargestellt und diskutiert. Die These lautet, dass die in der Soziologie immer noch einflussreichen kulturellen Wachstumstheorien dem heutigen globalen Charakter kapitalistischen Wachstums nicht gerecht werden. Der Wachstumsimperativ kann nicht aus den kulturellen Traditionen des Westens allein abgeleitet und nicht länger als etwas afrikanischen oder asiatischen Ländern durch den Westen „Aufgezwungenes“ interpretiert werden. Um ihn zu erklären, erscheint vielmehr ein globalisierungstheoretischer Ansatz sinnvoll, der das Phänomen entgrenzter Märkte in den Blick rückt.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 2 (2016): Multiple Futures - Africa, China, Europe
Multiple Futures?
Creators: name: Bröckling, Ulrich
name: Dobler, Gregor
name: Spakowski, Nicola
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Die Zukunft ist ungewiss, und sie ist nicht für alle dieselbe. Das Heft untersucht in vergleichender Perspektive zeitgenössische Zukunftserwartungen, Formen des Zukunftswissens und Strategien des Zukunftsmanagements in Afrika, China und Europa. Während je eigene soziale, politische und ökonomische Gegebenheiten Unterschiede im individuellen und kollektiven Zugang zu Zukunft bedingen, bringt die Verflechtung der Welt gleichzeitig Parallelen und Konvergenzen hervor.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 2 (2016): Multiple Futures - Africa, China, Europe
Freezing similarity solutions in multi-dimensional Burgers' Equation
Creators: name: Rottmann-Matthes, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65P40, 35B40, 35B06, 37C80, 65M99, 35L65

description: The topic of this paper are similarity solutions occurring in multi-dimensional Burgers' equation. We present a simple derivation of the symmetries appearing in a family of generalizations of Burgers' equation in $d$-space dimensions. These symmetries we use to derive an equivalent partial differential algebraic equation (freezing system) that allows us to do long time simulations and obtain good approximations of similarity solutions by direct forward simulation. The method also allows us without further effort to observe meta-stable behavior near N-wave-like patterns.
description: 24 pages, 28 figures
Particle-in-Cell/Test-Particle Simulations of Technological Plasmas: Sputtering Transport in Capacitive Radio Frequency Discharges
Creators: name: Trieschmann, Jan
name: Schmidt, Frederik
name: Mussenbrock, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper provides a tutorial to the conceptual layout of a self-consistently coupled Particle-In-Cell/Test-Particle model for the kinetic simulation of sputtering transport in capacitively coupled plasmas at low gas pressures. It explains when a kinetic approach is actually needed and which numerical concepts allow for the inherent nonequilibrium behavior of the charged and neutral particles. At the example of a generic sputtering discharge both the fundamentals of the applied Monte Carlo methods as well as the conceptual details in the context of the sputtering scenario are elaborated on. Finally, two in the context of sputtering transport simulations often exploited assumptions, namely on the energy distribution of impinging ions as well as on the test particle approach, are validated for the proposed example discharge.
Analysis of an exactly mass conserving space-time hybridized discontinuous Galerkin method for the time-dependent Navier--Stokes equations
Creators: name: Kirk, Keegan L. A.
name: Horváth, Tamás L.
name: Rhebergen, Sander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M12, 65M15, 65M60, 76D05

description: We introduce and analyze a space-time hybridized discontinuous Galerkin method for the evolutionary Navier--Stokes equations. Key features of the numerical scheme include point-wise mass conservation, energy stability, and pressure robustness. We prove that there exists a solution to the resulting nonlinear algebraic system in two and three spatial dimensions, and that this solution is unique in two spatial dimensions under a small data assumption. A priori error estimates are derived for the velocity in a mesh-dependent energy norm.
Development of Dual-Gain SiPM Boards for Extending the Energy Dynamic Range
Creators: name: Shy, Daniel
name: Woolf, Richard S.
name: Wulf, Eric A.
name: Sleator, Clio C.
name: Johnson-Rambert, Mary
name: Johnson, W. Neil
name: Grove, J. Eric
name: Phlips, Bernard F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astronomical observations with gamma rays in the range of several hundred keV to hundreds of MeV currently represent the least explored energy range. To address this so-called MeV gap, we designed and built a prototype CsI:Tl calorimeter instrument using a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) SiPMs and front-ends which may serve as a subsystem for a larger gamma-ray mission concept. During development, we observed significant non-linearity in the energy response. Additionally, using the COTS readout, the calorimeter could not cover the four orders of magnitude in energy range required for the telescope. We, therefore, developed dual-gain silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) boards that make use of two SiPM species that are read out separately to increase the dynamic energy range of the readout. In this work, we investigate the SiPM's response with regards to active area ($3\times3 \ \mathrm{mm}^2$ and $1 \times 1 \ \mathrm{mm}^2$) and various microcell sizes ($10$, $20$, and $35 \ μ\mathrm{m}$). We read out $3\times3\times6 \ \mathrm{cm}^3$ CsI:Tl chunks using dual-gain SiPMs that utilize $35 \ μ\mathrm{m}$ microcells for both SiPM species and demonstrate the concept when tested with high-energy gamma-ray and proton beams. We also studied the response of $17 \times 17 \times 100 \ \mathrm{mm}^3$ CsI bars to high-energy protons. With the COTS readout, we demonstrate a sensitivity to $60 \ \mathrm{MeV}$ protons with the two SiPM species overlapping at a range of around $2.5-30 \ \mathrm{MeV}$. This development aims to demonstrate the concept for future scintillator-based high-energy calorimeters with applications in gamma-ray astrophysics.
A Stochastic Multi-scale Approach for Numerical Modeling of Complex Materials - Application to Uniaxial Cyclic Response of Concrete
Creators: name: Jehel, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In complex materials, numerous intertwined phenomena underlie the overall response at macroscale. These phenomena can pertain to different engineering fields (mechanical , chemical, electrical), occur at different scales, can appear as uncertain, and are nonlinear. Interacting with complex materials thus calls for developing nonlinear computational approaches where multi-scale techniques that grasp key phenomena at the relevant scale need to be mingled with stochastic methods accounting for uncertainties. In this chapter, we develop such a computational approach for modeling the mechanical response of a representative volume of concrete in uniaxial cyclic loading. A mesoscale is defined such that it represents an equivalent heterogeneous medium: nonlinear local response is modeled in the framework of Thermodynamics with Internal Variables; spatial variability of the local response is represented by correlated random vector fields generated with the Spectral Representation Method. Macroscale response is recovered through standard ho-mogenization procedure from Micromechanics and shows salient features of the uniaxial cyclic response of concrete that are not explicitly modeled at mesoscale.
description: Computational Methods for Solids and Fluids, 41, Springer International Publishing, pp.123-160, 2016, Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, 978-3-319-27994-7
Developments and difficulties in predicting the relative velocities of inertial particles at the small-scales of turbulence
Creators: name: Bragg, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we use our recently developed theory for the backward-in-time (BIT) relative dispersion of inertial particles in turbulence (Bragg \emph{et al.}, Phys. Fluids 28, 013305, 2016) to develop the theoretical model by Pan \& Padoan (J. Fluid Mech. 661 73, 2010) for inertial particle relative velocities in isotropic turbulence. We focus on the most difficult regime to model, the dissipation range, and find that the modified Pan \& Padoan model (that uses the BIT dispersion theory) can lead to significantly improved predictions for the relative velocities, when compared with Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data. However, when the particle separation distance, $r$, is less than the Kolmogorov length scale, $η$, the modified model overpredicts the DNS data. We explain how these overpredictions arise from two assumptions in the BIT dispersion theory, that are in general not satisfied when the final separation of the BIT dispersing particles is $
Making Sense of the Great Divergence.
Creators: name: Vanhaute, Eric
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Dieser Beitrag diskutiert den Einfluss der Great Divergence-Debatte auf die Forschungen zur Weltgeschichte, insbesondere bezüglich der Potentiale und Grenzen für eine Schärfung der globalen Perspektive in der Sozialforschung. Dabei stehen vier Argumente im Vordergrund. Als gegenwärtig bedeutsamste Debatte in der Welt- und Globalgeschichte hat die Diskussion um die Great Divergence die schon lange existierenden Dispute um Konvergenz / Divergenz neu ausgerichtet und klar erweitert, indem sie neue empirische Forschungsfelder erschlossen, neuen Ansätzen Raum verschafft und neue Daten und Wissensbestände verfügbar gemacht hat. Die Dynamiken der Debatte treiben sie über ihre eigenen Begriffe und Fragestellungen hinaus, indem allgemeinere Interpretationen des modernen Kapitalismus überprüft werden. Globale Forschung zu Prozessen der Integration und Hierarchiebildung im globalen Kapitalismus machen eine systemische Mehrebenenanalyse notwendig, die Vergleiche und Verflechtungsanalysen, strukturalistische top-down- und akteurszentrierte bottom-up Ansätze (inklusive der Untersuchung von Frontiers) einschließt. Dies führt zu epistemologischen Reflexionen über die Great Divergence-Debatte in ihrem aktuellen Zustand und über die Grenzen bzw. Herausforderungen einer weltgeschichtlichen Perspektive.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 3 (2016): The Great Divergence Revisited
Dependence of the Sr-to-Ba and Sr-to-Eu Ratio on the Nuclear Equation of State in Metal Poor Halo Stars
Creators: name: Famiano, M. A.
name: Kajino, T.
name: Aoki, W.
name: Suda, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model is proposed in which the light r-process element enrichment in metal-poor stars is explained via enrichment from a truncated r-process, or "tr-process." The truncation of the r-process from a generic core-collapse event followed by a collapse into an accretion-induced black hole is examined in the framework of a galactic chemical evolution model. The constraints on this model imposed by observations of extremely metal-poor stars are explained, and the upper limits in the [Sr/Ba] distributions are found to be related to the nuclear equation of state in a collapse scenario. The scatter in [Sr/Ba] and [Sr/Eu] as a function of metallicity has been found to be consistent with turbulent ejection in core collapse supernovae. Adaptations of this model are evaluated to account for the scatter in isotopic observables. This is done by assuming mixing in ejecta in a supernova event.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures; To appear in ApJ
Asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators equal to the zero operator
Creators: name: Jurasik, Joanna
name: Łanucha, Bartosz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47B32, 47B35, 30H10

description: Asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators are compressions of multiplication operators acting between two model spaces. These operators are natural generalizations of truncated Toeplitz operators. In this paper we describe symbols of asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators equal to the zero operator.
description: 10 pages
Divergence Displaced. Patterns of Economic and Political Change in Early Modern and Modern Global History
Creators: name: Wong, R. Bin
Publisher: name: Leipziger Universitätsverlag
Year: 2016

description: Der Autor erörtert die laufenden Debatten zur Great Divergence und die Schwierigkeiten, eine überzeugende komparatistische Strategie zu formulieren, die die einfache Opposition von zwei Fällen überwindet und das Problem der Falsifizierbarkeit adressiert. Weder sei es weiterführend, alles an einer europäischen Entwicklung zu messen, noch die englische Erfahrung mit der Gesamtheit Westeuropas in eins zu setzen. Um falsifizierbare Aussagen treffen zu können, gelte es etwa die Organisation des Fernhandels und seine Institutionalisierung in China und Europa zu vergleichen. Als zentrale Differenz arbeitet der Autor heraus, dass China ein einheitlicher Staat war, Europa dagegen politische Fragmentierung erlebte, die wiederum Krieg und den daraus folgenden Bedarf an Kapital und Arbeit in den Städten sowie eine dringendere Nachfrage nach Technologien nach sich zog. Im Unterschied zu Pomeranz sieht er hier die Ursprünge modernen Wirtschaftswachstums. Allerdings spielte für die britische Baumwollindustrie die Beziehungen nach Asien und Nordamerika eine wichtige Rolle, da die britische Industrie mit den niedrigen Arbeitskosten in Indien konkurrieren musste, woraus sich der rigorose Merkantilismus ergab, der positive, wenn auch unintendierte Effekte für das Wirtschaftswachstum hatte. Allerdings zeigt der Vergleich, dass andere Weltregionen vor anderen Problemen standen und mit anderen Kombinationen von Wissen und Problemlösungen reagierten. Dies führt zur Unterscheidung zwischen der Great Divergence als einem spezifischen Phänomen und einer allgemeinen Transformation, womit vermieden werden könne, in die Falle der Frage zu tappen, warum China nicht Großbritannien geworden sei.
description: Comparativ, Vol 26 No 3 (2016): The Great Divergence Revisited
Ultra-high bandwidth quantum secured data transmission
Creators: name: Dynes, James F.
name: Tam, Winci W-S.
name: Plews, Alan
name: Fröhlich, Bernd
name: Sharpe, Andrew W.
name: Lucamarini, Marco
name: Yuan, Zhiliang
name: Radig, Christian
name: Straw, Andrew
name: Edwards, Tim
name: Shields, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides an attractive means for securing communications in optical fibre networks. However, deployment of the technology has been hampered by the frequent need for dedicated dark fibres to segregate the very weak quantum signals from conventional traffic. Up until now the coexistence of QKD with data has been limited to bandwidths that are orders of magnitude below those commonly employed in fibre optic communication networks. Using an optimised wavelength divisional multiplexing scheme, we transport QKD and the prevalent 100 Gb/s data format in the forward direction over the same fibre for the first time. We show a full quantum encryption system operating with a bandwidth of 200 Gb/s over a 100 km fibre. Exploring the ultimate limits of the technology by experimental measurements of the Raman noise, we demonstrate it is feasible to combine QKD with 10 Tb/s of data over a 50 km link. These results suggest it will be possible to integrate QKD and other quantum photonic technologies into high bandwidth data communication infrastructures, thereby allowing their widespread deployment.