cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: novel therapeutic targets and strategies
Creators: name: Libertini, Silvana
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2008

description: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human malignancies, with a mean survival of only 6 months. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are desperately required.
- dl1520 is a replication competent adenovirus that, due to lack of a functional E1B-55kD gene, can complete its life cycle solely in tumoural cells. We previously demonstrated that dl1520 efficiently kills ATC cells, but high multiplicity of infection (MOI) are required to obtain a significant antineoplastic effect. One of the major limiting factor in the efficient adenoviral transduction is the presence on cell surface of CAR receptor.
Inhibition of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway up-regulates CAR expression in cancer cells, thus improving adenoviral entry and cell killing by adenoviral mutants. To enhance its oncolytic activity, we decided to combine dl1520 with
lovastatin, a drug that, blocking mevalonate synthesis, inhibits Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. However, lovastatin does not up-regulate CAR levels but, acting on viral genes expression, enhances viral replication. Indeed, lovastatin enhances in vitro and in vivo dl1520 effects, thus suggesting its potential role as dl1520
adjuvant in ATC therapy.
- A common feature of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is represented by aneuploidy. Aberrant expression of Aurora B occurs in solid tumours and it is associated with chromosome instability and carcinogenesis. Therefore, Aurora B expression has been evaluated in cell lines and samples from human thyroid carcinoma, showing that its expression paralleles the malignant phenotype. To
establish a molecular target for ATC, Aurora B expression has been inhibited by RNAi or a specific inhibitor, showing that Aurora B inhibition blocks cell proliferation and cell survival.
Objective comparison of methods to decode anomalous diffusion
Creators: name: Muñoz-Gil, Gorka
name: Volpe, Giovanni
name: Garcia-March, Miguel Angel
name: Aghion, Erez
name: Argun, Aykut
name: Hong, Chang Beom
name: Bland, Tom
name: Bo, Stefano
name: Conejero, J. Alberto
name: Firbas, Nicolás
name: Orts, Òscar Garibo i
name: Gentili, Alessia
name: Huang, Zihan
name: Jeon, Jae-Hyung
name: Kabbech, Hélène
name: Kim, Yeongjin
name: Kowalek, Patrycja
name: Krapf, Diego
name: Loch-Olszewska, Hanna
name: Lomholt, Michael A.
name: Masson, Jean-Baptiste
name: Meyer, Philipp G.
name: Park, Seongyu
name: Requena, Borja
name: Smal, Ihor
name: Song, Taegeun
name: Szwabiński, Janusz
name: Thapa, Samudrajit
name: Verdier, Hippolyte
name: Volpe, Giorgio
name: Widera, Arthur
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Metzler, Ralf
name: Manzo, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Deviations from Brownian motion leading to anomalous diffusion are ubiquitously found in transport dynamics, playing a crucial role in phenomena from quantum physics to life sciences. The detection and characterization of anomalous diffusion from the measurement of an individual trajectory are challenging tasks, which traditionally rely on calculating the mean squared displacement of the trajectory. However, this approach breaks down for cases of important practical interest, e.g., short or noisy trajectories, ensembles of heterogeneous trajectories, or non-ergodic processes. Recently, several new approaches have been proposed, mostly building on the ongoing machine-learning revolution. Aiming to perform an objective comparison of methods, we gathered the community and organized an open competition, the Anomalous Diffusion challenge (AnDi). Participating teams independently applied their own algorithms to a commonly-defined dataset including diverse conditions. Although no single method performed best across all scenarios, the results revealed clear differences between the various approaches, providing practical advice for users and a benchmark for developers.
description: 63 pages, 5 main figures, 1 table, 28 supplementary figures. Website: http://www.andi-challenge.org
Drinfeld second realization of the quantum affine superalgebras of $D^{(1)}(2,1;x)$ via the Weyl groupoid
Creators: name: Heckenberger, I.
name: Spill, F.
name: Torrielli, A.
name: Yamane, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B37; 17B65; 20F55

description: We obtain Drinfeld second realization of the quantum affine superalgebras associated with the affine Lie superalgebra $D^{(1)}(2,1;x)$. Our results are analogous to those obtained by Beck for the quantum affine algebras. Beck's analysis uses heavily the (extended) affine Weyl groups of the affine Lie algebras. In our approach the structures are based on a Weyl groupoid.
description: 40 pages, 1 figure. close to the final version to appear in RIMS Kokyuroku Bessatsu (Besstsu) B8 (2008) 171-216
Ionization of Rydberg atoms by blackbody radiation
Creators: name: Beterov, I. I.
name: Tretyakov, D. B.
name: Ryabtsev, I. I.
name: Entin, V. M.
name: Ekers, A.
name: Bezuglov, N. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied an ionization of alkali-metal Rydberg atoms by blackbody radiation (BBR). The results of the theoretical calculations of ionization rates of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs Rydberg atoms are presented. Calculations have been performed for nS, nP and nD states which are commonly used in a variety of experiments, at principal quantum numbers n=8-65 and at the three ambient temperatures of 77, 300 and 600 K. A peculiarity of our calculations is that we take into account the contributions of BBR-induced redistribution of population between Rydberg states prior to photoionization and field ionization by extraction electric field pulses. The obtained results show that these phenomena affect both the magnitude of measured ionization rates and shapes of their dependences on n. A Cooper minimum for BBR-induced transitions between bound Rydberg states of Li has been found. The calculated ionization rates are compared with our earlier measurements of BBR-induced ionization rates of Na nS and nD Rydberg states with n=8-20 at 300 K. A good agreement for all states except nS with n>15 is observed. Useful analytical formulas for quick estimation of BBR ionization rates of Rydberg atoms are presented. Application of BBR-induced ionization signal to measurements of collisional ionization rates is demonstrated.
description: 36 pages, 16 figures. Paper is revised following NJP referees' comments and suggestions
Quantum beats of a magnetic fluxon in a two-cell SQUID
Creators: name: Moskalenko, I. N.
name: Besedin, I. S.
name: Seidov, S. S.
name: Fistul, M. V.
name: Ustinov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a detailed theoretical study of a coherent macroscopic quantum-mechanical phenomenon - quantum beats of a single magnetic fluxon trapped in a two-cell SQUID of high kinetic inductance. We calculate numerically and analytically the low-lying energy levels of the fluxon, and explore their dependence on externally applied magnetic fields. The quantum dynamics of the fluxon shows quantum beats originating from its coherent quantum tunneling between the SQUID cells. We analyze the experimental setup based on a three-cell SQUID, allowing for time-resolved measurements of quantum beats of the fluxon.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
Precise measurements of radio-frequency magnetic susceptibility in (anti)ferromagnetic materials
Creators: name: Vannette, M. D.
name: Safa-Sefat, A.
name: Jia, S.
name: Law, S. A.
name: Lapertot, G.
name: Bud'ko, S. L.
name: Canfield, P. C.
name: Schmalian, J.
name: Prozorov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamic magnetic susceptibility, $χ$, was studied in several intermetallic materials exhibiting ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and metamagnetic transitions. Precise measurements by using a 14 MHz tunnel diode oscillator (TDO) allow detailed insight into the field and temperature dependence of $χ$. In particular, local moment ferromagnets show a sharp peak in $χ(T)$ near the Curie temperature, $T_c$. The peak amplitude decreases and shifts to higher temperatures with very small applied dc fields. Anisotropic measurements of CeVSb$_3$ show that this peak is present provided the magnetic easy axis is aligned with the excitation field. In a striking contrast, small moment, itinerant ferromagnets (i.e., ZrZn$_2$) show a broad maximum in $χ(T)$ that responds differently to applied field. We believe that TDO measurements provide a very sensitive way to distinguish between local and itinerant moment magnetic orders. Local moment antiferromagnets do not show a peak at the Néel temperature, $T_N$, but only a sharp decrease of $χ$ below $T_N$ due to the loss of spin-disorder scattering changing the penetration depth of the ac excitation field. Furthermore, we show that the TDO is capable of detecting changes in spin order as well as metamagnetic transitions. Finally, critical scaling of $χ(T,H)$ in the vicinity of $T_C$ is discussed in CeVSb$_3$ and CeAgSb$_2$.
A Microfluidic Pore Network Approach to Investigate Water Transport in Fuel Cell Porous Transport Layers
Creators: name: Bazylak, A.
name: Berejnov, V.
name: Markicevic, B.
name: Sinton, D.
name: Djilali, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pore network modelling has traditionally been used to study displacement processes in idealized porous media related to geological flows, with applications ranging from groundwater hydrology to enhanced oil recovery. Very recently, pore network modelling has been applied to model the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Discrete pore network models have the potential to elucidate transport phenomena in the GDL with high computational efficiency, in contrast to continuum or molecular dynamics modelling that require extensive computational resources. However, the challenge in studying the GDL with pore network modelling lies in defining the network parameters that accurately describe the porous media as well as the conditions of fluid invasion that represent realistic transport processes. In this work, we discuss the first stage of developing and validating a GDL-representative pore network model. We begin with a two-dimensional pore network model with a single mobile phase invading a hydrophobic media, whereby the slow capillary dominated flow process follows invasion percolation. Pore network geometries are designed, and transparent hydrophobic microfluidic networks are fabricated from silicon elastomer PDMS using a soft lithography technique. These microfluidic networks are designed to have channel size distributions and wettability properties of typical GDL materials. Comparisons between the numerical and experimental flow patterns show reasonable agreement. Furthermore, the fractal dimension and saturation are measured during invasion, revealing different operating regimes that can be applied to GDL operation. Future work for model development will also be discussed.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Anomaly-induced edge currents in hydrodynamics with parity anomaly
Creators: name: Furusawa, Takuya
name: Hongo, Masaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we discuss relativistic hydrodynamics for a massless Dirac fermion in $(2+1)$ dimensions, which has the parity anomaly -- a global 't Hooft anomaly between $\mathrm{U}(1)$ and parity symmetries. We investigate how hydrodynamics implements the party anomaly, particularly focusing on the transport phenomena at the boundary. Based on the parity anomaly matching and the second law of local thermodynamics, we find $\mathrm{U}(1)$ and entropy currents localized at the boundary as well as the bulk anomalous current with vanishing divergence. These edge currents are similar to the $(1+1)$-dimensional chiral transports, but the coefficients are given by half of theirs. We also generalize our discussion to more general anomalies among multiple $\mathrm{U}(1)$ symmetries and single $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry.
description: 10 pages, no figures. v2 ref added, typo fixed
Periodic-orbit determination of dynamical correlations in stochastic processes
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Miki U.
name: Fujisaka, Hirokazu
name: Miyazaki, Syuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that large deviation statistical quantities of the discrete time, finite state Markov process $P_{n+1}^{(j)}=\sum_{k=1}^NH_{jk}P_n^{(k)}$, where P_n^{(j)} is the probability for the j-state at the time step n and H_{jk} is the transition probability, completely coincides with those from the Kalman map corresponding to the above Markov process. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that by using simple examples, time correlation functions in finite state Markov processes can be well described in terms of unstable periodic orbits embedded in the equivalent Kalman maps.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures; added a comment on acceptance for publication in Phys. Rev. E
Towards agrobots: Identification of the yaw dynamics and trajectory tracking of an autonomous tractor
Creators: name: Kayacan, Erkan
name: Kayacan, Erdal
name: Ramon, Herman
name: Saeys, Wouter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: More efficient agricultural machinery is needed as agricultural areas become more limited and energy and labor costs increase. To increase their efficiency, trajectory tracking problem of an autonomous tractor, as an agricultural production machine, has been investigated in this study. As a widely used model-based approach, model predictive control is preferred in this paper to control the yaw dynamics of the tractor which can deal with the constraints on the states and the actuators in a system. The yaw dynamics is identified by using nonlinear least squares frequency domain system identification. The speed is controlled by a proportional-integral-derivative controller and a kinematic trajectory controller is used to calculate the desired speed and the desired yaw rate signals for the subsystems in order to minimize the tracking errors in both the longitudinal and transversal directions. The experimental results show the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed control scheme in which the euclidean error is below $40$ cm for time-based straight line trajectories and $60$ cm for time-based curved line trajectories, respectively.
Max- Relative Entropy of Entanglement, alias Log Robustness
Creators: name: Datta, Nilanjana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of the max- relative entropy of entanglement are investigated, and its significance as an upper bound to the one shot rate for perfect entanglement dilution, under a particular class of quantum operations, is discussed. It is shown that it is in fact equal to another known entanglement monotone, namely the log robustness. It is known that the latter is not asymptotically continuous and it is not known whether it is weakly additive. However, by suitably modifying the max- relative entropy of entanglement we obtain a quantity which is seen to satisfy both these properties. In fact, the modified quantity is shown to be equal to the regularised relative entropy of entanglement.
description: Published version; 9 pages, no figures
The social dynamics of data sharing
Creators: name: McEachern, Steven
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: These slides were used for Dr Steven McEachern's presentation to the Social Dynamics of Data Interoperability IG session at RDA18 (https://www.rd-alliance.org/groups/social-dynamics-data-interoperability-ig). The RDA 18 Plenary was held from 3 - 11 November 2021 (https://www.rd-alliance.org/rdas-18th-plenary-programme).
Observation of Topological Superconductivity in a Stoichiometric Transition Metal Dichalcogenide 2M-WS2
Creators: name: Li, Y. W.
name: Zheng, H. J.
name: Fang, Y. Q.
name: Zhang, D. Q.
name: Chen, Y. J.
name: Chen, C.
name: Liang, A. J.
name: Shi, W. J.
name: Pei, D.
name: Xu, L. X.
name: Liu, S.
name: Pan, J.
name: Lu, D. H.
name: Hashimoto, M.
name: Barinov, A.
name: Jung, S. W.
name: Cacho, C.
name: Wang, M. X.
name: He, Y.
name: Fu, L.
name: Zhang, H. J.
name: Huang, F. Q.
name: Yang, L. X.
name: Liu, Z. K.
name: Chen, Y. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological superconductors (TSCs) are unconventional superconductors with bulk superconducting gap and in-gap Majorana states on the boundary that may be used as topological qubits for quantum computation. Despite their importance in both fundamental research and applications, natural TSCs are very rare. Here, combining state of the art synchrotron and laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigated a stoichiometric transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD), 2M-WS2 with a superconducting transition temperature of 8.8 K (the highest among all TMDs in the natural form up to date) and observed distinctive topological surface states (TSSs). Furthermore, in the superconducting state, we found that the TSSs acquired a nodeless superconducting gap with similar magnitude as that of the bulk states. These discoveries not only evidence 2M-WS2 as an intrinsic TSC without the need of sensitive composition tuning or sophisticated heterostructures fabrication, but also provide an ideal platform for device applications thanks to its van der Waals layered structure.
description: Accepted by Nature Communications
Switchable Bragg gratings based on soft materials
Creators: name: Vita, Francesco
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: Topic of the thesis is the study of diffraction Bragg gratings holographically recorded in polymer-liquid crystal composite materials. Due to the special electro-optical properties of liquid crystals, these gratings can be electrically driven, switching between a diffraction and a transmission state.
In the present work, techniques and materials used to produce such gratings are described, with emphasis on the connections between the final morphology and the preparation procedure, materials and exposure.
Different types of gratings have been characterized, both in the visible and in the near infrared range, in view of a possible use as photonic devices in the optical communication systems. Grating diffraction efficiency has been measured varying the wavelength, the temperature, the angle of incidence and the applied electric field. The behavior in dynamic conditions has been analyzed by measuring switching times for electric pulse of variable amplitude and duration.
These measurements have been analyzed with suitable mathematical models and related to the morphology of the studied materials, like the interface between polymer and liquid crystal, anisotropy of liquid crystal domains and the degree of phase separation. Results obtained provide a deeper insight into the structure of such materials and make possible the optimization of their properties and the design of different photonic devices.
Finally, the use of variable angle ellipsometry and /or half-leaky guide mode technique to measure soft material optical properties is discussed.
Geometric representation of interval exchange maps over algebraic number fields
Creators: name: Poggiaspalla, G.
name: Lowenstein, J. H.
name: Vivaldi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E05; 11Z05; 37E20

description: We consider the restriction of interval exchange transformations to algebraic number fields, which leads to maps on lattices. We characterize renormalizability arithmetically, and study its relationships with a geometrical quantity that we call the drift vector. We exhibit some examples of renormalizable interval exchange maps with zero and non-zero drift vector, and carry out some investigations of their properties. In particular, we look for evidence of the finite decomposition property: each lattice is the union of finitely many orbits.
description: 34 pages, 8 postscript figures
Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Detection of HI 21 cm Emission from Star-forming Galaxies at $z \approx 1.3$
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Aditya
name: Kanekar, Nissim
name: Das, Barnali
name: Dwarakanath, K. S.
name: Sethi, Shiv
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a $\approx 400$-hour Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) search for HI 21 cm emission from star-forming galaxies at $z = 1.18-1.39$ in seven fields of the DEEP2 Galaxy Survey. Including data from an earlier 60-hour GMRT observing run, we co-added the HI 21 cm emission signals from 2,841 blue star-forming galaxies that lie within the full-width at half-maximum of the GMRT primary beam. This yielded a $5.0σ$ detection of the average HI 21 cm signal from the 2,841 galaxies at an average redshift $\langle z \rangle \approx 1.3$, only the second detection of HI 21 cm emission at $z\ge1$. We obtain an average HI mass of $\langle {\rm M_{HI}} \rangle=(3.09 \pm 0.61) \times 10^{10}\ {\rm M}_\odot$ and an HI-to-stellar mass ratio of $2.6\pm0.5$, both significantly higher than values in galaxies with similar stellar masses in the local Universe. We also stacked the 1.4 GHz continuum emission of the galaxies to obtain a median star-formation rate (SFR) of $14.5\pm1.1\ {\rm M}_\odot \textrm{yr}^{-1}$. This implies an average HI depletion timescale of $\approx 2$ Gyr for blue star-forming galaxies at $z\approx 1.3$, a factor of $\approx 3.5$ lower than that of similar local galaxies. Our results suggest that the HI content of galaxies towards the end of the epoch of peak cosmic SFR density is insufficient to sustain their high SFR for more than $\approx 2$ Gyr. Insufficient gas accretion to replenish the HI could then explain the observed decline in the cosmic SFR density at $z< 1$.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in ApJL
Synthesis of superheavies: State of affairs and outlooks
Creators: name: Zagrebaev, V.
name: Greiner, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear reactions leading to formation of new superheavy elements and isotopes are discussed in the paper. ``Cold'' and ``hot'' synthesis, fusion of fission fragments, transfer reactions and reactions with radioactive ion beams are analyzed along with their abilities and limitations. Several most promising reactions are proposed for experimental study.
description: 18 figures
Comments on the Meta-Stable Vacuum in N_f=N_c SQCD and Direct Mediation
Creators: name: Katz, Andrey
name: Shadmi, Yael
name: Volansky, Tomer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit N_f=N_c SQCD and its non-supersymmetric minima conjectured by Intriligator, Seiberg and Shih (ISS). We argue that the existence of such minima depends on the signs of three non-calculable parameters and that no evidence can be inferred by deforming the theory. We demonstrate this by studying a deformation of the theory which involves additional gauge singlets. In this case, the conjectured minimum is destabilized. We comment on the consequences of such singlets in models of direct mediation and in particular in the Pentagon model.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
Charge-Ordered State versus Dimer-Mott Insulator at Finite Temperatures
Creators: name: Yoshioka, Hideo
name: Tsuchiizu, Masahisa
name: Seo, Hitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the competition between charge-ordered state and Mott insulating state at finite temperatures in quarter-filled quasi-one-dimensional electron systems, by studying dimerized extended Hubbard chains with interchain Coulomb interactions. In order to take into account one-dimensional fluctuations properly, we apply the bosonization method to an effective model obtained by the interchain mean-field approximation. The results show that lattice dimerization, especially in the critical region, and frustration in the interchain Coulomb interactions reduce the charge-ordering phase transition temperature and enlarge the dimer-Mott insulating phase. We also derive a general formula of the Knight shift in the charge-ordered phase and its implication to experiments is discussed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Vol.76 No.10
Patient participation in the decision to treat coronary artery disease
Creators: name: Fulton, Marian Jane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study was based on the normative argument that patients ought to participate in treatment decisions that could influence the length and quality of their lives. Efforts were made to explore potential errors of judgement that could interfere with the expression of a true preference by a patient. The results of this exploration suggested that people in real decision making situations are affected by framing, they make inconsistent choices, they reverse preferences in situations where preferences are expressed by bids versus choices, and their choices change in situations of potential gain and potential loss. Participants in the study were willing to pay for an improved position on a waiting list for treatment, but they were very reluctant to sell or trade such a position. An analysis of patients' age and exposure to the health system demonstrated that age was not a predictor of patient choices while pain and disability were contributing factors to patterns of choice. Generally, patient preferences were situation specific. Recommendations have been made for improving professional sensitivity towards patients whose situation makes them more vulnerable to errors of judgement. Further avenues for research have been sketched.
Polarization properties of laser-diode-pumped micro-grained Nd:YAG ceramic lasers
Creators: name: Otsuka, Kenju
name: Ohtomo, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed polarization properties have been examined in laser-diode-pumped (LD-pumped) micro-grained ceramic Nd:YAG lasers in different microchip cavity configurations. Stable linearly-polarized single-frequency oscillations, whose polarization direction coincide with that of an LD pump light, were observed in an external cavity scheme. While, in the case of a thin-slice laser scheme with coated reflective ends, elliptically-polarized single-frequency operations took place in the low pump-power regime and dynamic instabilities appeared, featuring self-induced antiphase modulations among counter-rotating circularly-polarized components having slightly different lasing frequencies, with increasing the pump power.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Noncommutative tori and the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence
Creators: name: Mahanta, Snigdhayan
name: van Suijlekom, Walter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58B34, 34M50 (Primary) 14A22, 32L05 (Secondary)

description: We study the interplay between noncommutative tori and noncommutative elliptic curves through a category of equivariant differential modules on $\mathbb{C}^*$. We functorially relate this category to the category of holomorphic vector bundles on noncommutative tori as introduced by Polishchuk and Schwarz and study the induced map between the corresponding K-theories. In addition, there is a forgetful functor to the category of noncommutative elliptic curves of Soibelman and Vologodsky, as well as a forgetful functor to the category of vector bundles on $\mathbb{C}^*$ with regular singular connections. The category that we consider has the nice property of being a Tannakian category, hence it is equivalent to the category of representations of an affine group scheme. Via an equivariant version of the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence we determine this group scheme to be (the algebraic hull of) $\mathbb{Z}^2$. We also obtain a full subcategory of the category of holomorphic bundles of the noncommutative torus, which is equivalent to the category of representations of $\mathbb{Z}$. This group is the proposed topological fundamental group of the noncommutative torus (understood as a degenerate elliptic curve) and we study Nori's notion of étale fundamental group in this context.
description: 22 pages with major revisions. Some preliminary material removed. Section 4 on the \'etale fundamental group of noncommutative tori is entirely new. References changed accordingly, to appear in JNCG
Global Non-ideal Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks with Outer Truncation
Creators: name: Yang, Haifeng
name: Bai, Xue-Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been established that the evolution of protoplanetary disks is primarily driven by magnetized disk winds, requiring large-scale magnetic flux threading the disks. The size of such disks is expected to shrink in time, as opposed to the conventional scenario of viscous expansion. We present the first global 2D non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of protoplanetary disks that are truncated in the outer radius, aiming to understand the interaction of the disk with the interstellar environment, as well as global evolution of the disk and magnetic flux. We find that as the system relaxes, poloidal magnetic field threading the disk beyond the truncation radius collapses towards the midplane, leading to rapid reconnection. This process removes a substantial amount of magnetic flux from the system, and forms closed poloidal magnetic flux loops encircling the outer disk in quasi-steady-state. These magnetic flux loops can drive expansion beyond truncation radius, corresponding to substantial mass loss through magnetized disk outflow beyond truncation radius analogous to a combination of viscous spreading and external photoevaporation. The magnetic flux loops gradually shrink over time whose rates depend on level of disk magnetization and external environments, which eventually governs the long-term disk evolution.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures, submitted to AAS Journals
Phase Diagram and Quantum Critical Point in Newly Discovered Superconductors: SmO_{1-x}F_xFeAs
Creators: name: Liu, R. H.
name: Wu, G.
name: Wu, T.
name: Fang, D. F.
name: Chen, H.
name: Li, S. Y.
name: Liu, K.
name: Xie, Y. L.
name: Wang, X. F.
name: Yang, R. L.
name: Ding, L.
name: He, C.
name: Feng, D. L.
name: Chen, X. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic fluctuations associated with a quantum critical point (QCP) are widely believed to cause the non-Fermi liquid behaviors and unconventional superconductivities, for example, in heavy fermion systems and high temperature cuprate superconductors. Recently, superconductivity has been discovered in iron-based layered compound $LaO_{1-x}F_xFeAs$ with $T_c$=26 K\cite{yoichi}, and it competes with spin-density-wave (SDW) order\cite{dong}. Neutron diffraction shows a long-rang SDW-type antiferromagnetic (AF) order at $\sim 134$ K in LaOFeAs\cite{cruz,mcguire}. Therefore, a possible QCP and its role in this system are of great interests. Here we report the detailed phase diagram and anomalous transport properties of the new high-Tc superconductors $SmO_{1-x}F_xFeAs$ discovered by us\cite{chenxh}. It is found that superconductivity emerges at $x\sim$0.07, and optimal doping takes place in the $x\sim$0.20 sample with highest $T_c \sim $54 K. While $T_c$ increases monotonically with doping, the SDW order is rapidly suppressed, suggesting a QCP around $x \sim$0.14. As manifestations, a linear temperature dependence of the resistivity shows up at high temperatures in the $x<0.14$ regime, but at low temperatures just above $T_c$ in the $x>0.14$ regime; a drop in carrier density evidenced by a pronounced rise in Hall coefficient are observed, which mimic the high-$T_c$ cuprates. The simultaneous occurrence of order, carrier density change and criticality makes a compelling case for a quantum critical point in this system.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
ARAPSUAA: Automatic recognition of accessible pedestrian signals using an adaptive approach
Creators: name: Fonseca-Solís, Juan M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: digital signal processing, acoustics, accessible pedestrian signals, pitch recognition, Mahalanobis distance

description: An algorithm for the recognition of accessible pedestrian signals (APS), a type of sound emitted by pedestrian traffic lights to enable passage at pedestrian crossings, is presented. The automatic detection of these frequency modulations is of interest for traffic controllers because it allows the recognition of other audible tones, such as train horns, ambulance sirens, and police patrol alarms, among others. So far, previous authors have managed to recognize APSs with partial success, since the exposed designs have presented suboptimal musical recognition kernels, fixed tone thresholds unable to adapt to the changing level of street noise and separate processing of continuous and discontinuous musical contours. To solve these problems, we present an algorithm that uses a three-harmonics musical recognition kernel design with a decay proportional to 1/k^2, two algorithms for the dynamic estimation of the tone threshold, that vary according to the signal-to-noise ratio (TS2Means and the leaky integrator), and the Mahalanobis distance with covariance matrices modeled according to the APS musical contours for noise robustness. The best detection rates reached were 93% precision, 89% specificity, 92% recall, 92% F-score, and 80% Matthew's correlation coefficient.
Evidence for dust accumulation just outside the orbit of Venus
Creators: name: Leinert, Ch.
name: Moster, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To contribute to the knowledge of dynamics of interplanetary dust we are searching for structures in the spatial distribution of interplanetary dust near the orbit of Venus. To this end we study the radial gradient of zodiacal light brightness, as observed by the zodiacal light photometer on board the Helios space probes on several orbits from 1975 to 1979. The cleanest data result from Helios B (= Helios 2) launched in January 1976. With respect to the general increase of zodiacal light brightness towards the Sun, the data show an excess brightness of a few percent for positions of the Helios space probe just outside the orbit of Venus. We consider this as evidence for a dust ring associated with the orbit of Venus, somewhat similar to that found earlier along the Earth's orbit.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, Astronomy&Astrophysics, accepted
Detailed thermal reduction analyses of Graphene Oxide via in-situ TEM/EELS studies
Creators: name: Pelaez-Fernandez, M.
name: Bermejo, A.
name: Benito, A. M.
name: Maser, W. K.
name: Arenal, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an in-depth study of the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by in-situ thermal transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. In-situ heating high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements have been combined to identify the transformations of different oxygen functional groups, the desorption of physisorbed and chemisorbed water and the graphitization as a function of the temperature in the range from 70 up to 1200°C. A model for the general removal of water and OFGs is proposed based on different chemical and physical parameters that have been monitored. All this unique information provides a detailed roadmap of the thermal behaviour of GO at an extended range of temperature. This is not only of interest to understand the thermal reduction process of GO but also of critical relevance to the response of GO in applications when exposed to thermal effects.
Testing Lepton Flavour Universality in $Υ(4S)$ Decays
Creators: name: Descotes-Genon, Sébastien
name: Fajfer, Svjetlana
name: Kamenik, Jernej F.
name: Novoa-Brunet, Martín
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel method to probe the persistent hints of Lepton Flavour Universality violation observed in semileptonic $B$ decays. Relying on the specific properties of the Belle II experiment, it consists in comparing the inclusive rates of $Υ(4S) \to e^\pm μ^\mp X$, $Υ(4S) \to μ^\pm τ_{\rm had}^\mp X$ and $Υ(4S) \to e^\pm τ_{\rm had}^\mp X$. We show that such a measurement can be directly related to the ratio $R(X)_{τ\ell} \equiv Γ(b\to X τν) / Γ(b \to X \ell ν)$ ($\ell=e$ or $μ$), once appropriate experimental cuts are applied to suppress the effects of neutral $B$ mixing and leptons emitted through charm or tau decays. Such a measurement would thus constitute an additional and potentially competitive probe of Lepton Flavour Universality in $b\to c\ellν$ transitions, complementary to existing exclusive measurements, accessible in the Belle II environment.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Evolution of Supermassive Black Hole Binary and Acceleration of Jet Precession in Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Liu, F. K.
name: Chen, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) is expected with the hierarchical galaxy formation model. Currently, physics processes dominating the evolution of a SMBHB are unclear. An interesting question is whether we could observationally determine the evolution of SMBHB and give constraints on the physical processes. Jet precession have been observed in many AGNs and generally attributed to disk precession. In this paper we calculate the time variation of jet precession and conclude that jet precession is accelerated in SMBHB systems but decelerated in others. The acceleration of jet precession $dP_{\rm pr} / dt$ is related to jet precession timescale $P_{\rm pr}$ and SMBHB evolution timescale $τ_{\rm a}$, ${dP_{\rm pr} \over dt} \simeq - Λ{P_{\rm pr} \over τ_{\rm a}}$. Our calculations based on the models for jet precession and SMBHB evolution show that $dP_{\rm pr} / dt$ can be as high as about $- 1.0$ with a typical value -0.2 and can be easily detected. We discussed the differential jet precession for NGC1275 observed in the literature. If the observed rapid acceleration of jet precession is true, the jet precession is due to the orbital motion of an unbound SMBHB with mass ratio $q\approx 0.76$. When jets precessed from the ancient bubbles to the currently active jets, the separation of SMBHB decrease from about $1.46 {\rm Kpc}$ to $0.80 {\rm Kpc}$ with an averaged decreasing velocity $da/dt \simeq - 1.54 \times 10^6 {\rm cm/s}$ and evolution timescale $τ_{\rm a} \approx 7.5\times 10^7 {\rm yr}$. However, if we assume a steady jet precession for many cycles, the observations implies a hard SMBHB with mass ratio $q\approx 0.21$ and separation $a\approx 0.29 {\rm pc}$.
description: 29 pages, no figure, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Monitoring Open Access at a national level: French case study
Creators: name: Jeangirard, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: After the launch of multiple plans for Open Science, there is now a need for an accurate method or tool to monitor the Open Science trends and in particular Open Access (OA) trends. We address this requirement with a methodology that we developed and tested for France, but that could be extended to other countries. Only open data and information available on the Web are used, leveraging as much as we can large-scale systems such as Unpaywall, HAL (the main open repository in France, part of the CNRS), ORCID and IDRef (referential for French Higher Education and Research). We used rule-based and machine learning techniques to enrich the metadata of the publications. We estimate that the overall OA rate for French affiliated publications ranges from 39% to 42% between 2013 and 2017. The trend is slightly up, except for the last year, but we gather evidence that shows this is a consequence of the moving nature of the OA status. Therefore these figures should be seen as a snapshot rather than definitive. For the last observed year (2017), we show that the OA rate varies according to the publication type, the publisher and the discipline (more than 60% in Mathematics while it is about 30% in Medical research which represents the largest share in the number of publications). We describe the main challenges of our method (detection of the publications with a French affiliation, metadata enrichment with machine learning, open access status) and evaluate the errors of each step. Most of the method is not country-specific and could be applied for another perimeter. Our implementation is open sourced on the repository https://github.com/MinistereSupRecherche/bso .
Significant interstellar object production by close stellar flybys
Creators: name: Pfalzner, Susanne
name: Vargas, Luis Aizpuru
name: Bhandare, Asmita
name: Veras, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within just two years, two interstellar objects (ISOs) - Oumuamuas and Borisov - have been discovered. Large quantities of planetesimals form as a by-product of planet formation. Therefore, it seems likely that ISOs are former planetesimals that became unbound from their parent star. The discoveries raise the question of the dominant ISO formation process. Here, we concentrate on planetesimals released during another star's close flybys. We quantify the amount of planetesimals released during close stellar flybys, their ejection velocity and likely composition. We study the dependence of the effect of parabolic flybys on the mass ratio between the perturber and parent star, the periastron distance, inclination, and angle of periastron. Whenever ISOs are produced, they leave their parent system typically with velocities of 0.5-2 km/s. This ejection velocity is distinctly different to that of ISOs produced by planet scattering (4-8 km/s) and those shed during the stellar post-main-sequence phase 0.1-0.2 km/s). Using the typical disc truncation radius in various cluster environments, we find that clusters like the Orion nebula cluster are likely to produce the equivalent of 0.85 Earth-masses of ISOs per star. In contrast, clusters like NGC 3603 could produce up to 50 Earth-masses of ISOs per star. Our solar system probably produced the equivalent of 2-3 Earth masses of ISOs, which left our solar system at a mean ejection velocity of 0.7 km/s. Most ISOs produced by flybys should be comet-like, similar to Borisov. ISOs originating from compact long-lived clusters would often show a deficiency in CO. As soon as a statistically significant sample of ISOs is discovered, the combined information of their observed velocities and composition might help in constraining the dominant production process (abridged).
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, accepted for A&A
Time-dependent modeling of radiative processes in hot magnetized plasmas
Creators: name: Vurm, Indrek
name: Poutanen, Juri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations of radiative processes in magnetized compact sources such as hot accretion disks around black holes, relativistic jets in active galaxies and gamma-ray bursts are complicated because the particle and photon distributions span many orders of magnitude in energy, they also strongly depend on each other, the radiative processes behave significantly differently depending on the energy regime, and finally due to the enormous difference in the time-scales of the processes. We have developed a novel computer code for the time-dependent simulations that overcomes these problems. The processes taken into account are Compton scattering, electron-positron pair production and annihilation, Coulomb scattering as well as synchrotron emission and absorption. No approximation has been made on the corresponding rates. For the first time, we solve coupled integro-differential kinetic equations for photons and electrons/positrons without any limitations on the photon and lepton energies. A numerical scheme is proposed to guarantee energy conservation when dealing with synchrotron processes in electron and photon equations. We apply the code to model non-thermal pair cascades in the blackbody radiation field, to study the synchrotron self-absorption as particle thermalization mechanism, and to simulate time evolution of stochastically heated pairs and corresponding synchrotron self-Compton photon spectra which might be responsible for the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts. Good agreement with previous works is found in the parameter regimes where comparison is feasible, with the differences attributable to our improved treatment of the microphysics.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures, ApJ, in press