cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A new glycosidic antioxidant from Ranunculus muricatus L. (Ranunculaceae) exhibited lipoxygenasae and xanthine oxidase inhibition properties
Creators: name: Raziq, Naila
name: Saeed, Muhammad
name: Ali, Muhammad Shaiq
name: Zafar, Salman
name: Shahid, Muhammad
name: Mehreen Lateef
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Phytochemical investigation of Ranunculus muricatus L. (Ranunculaceae) led to the isolation of a new metabolite named as ranuncoside from the ethyl acetate fraction of the plant. Structure of the novel compound was elucidated through detailed spectroscopic analyses, using UV, IR, 1H, 13C NMR and 2D NMR in combination with EIMS and HR EI-MS techniques. The compound was evaluated for antioxidant activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Its inhibitory potential was tested against lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase enzymes. Ranuncoside potently scavenged the DPPH free radicals (IC50 = 56.7 ± 0.43 μM) and strongly inhibited the activities of lipoxygenase (IC50 = 63.9 ± 0.17 μM) and xanthine oxidase (IC50 = 43.3 ± 0.22 μM).
Using a meta-ethnographic approach to explore the nature of facilitation and teaching approaches employed in interprofessional education
Creators: name: Reeves, Scott
name: Pelone, Ferruccio
name: Hendry, Julie
name: Lock, Nicholas
name: Marshall, Jayne
name: Leontia Pillay
name: Wood, Ruth
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Background: Interprofessional facilitators and teachers are regarded as central to the effective delivery of interprofessional education (IPE). As the IPE literature continues to expand, most studies have focused on reporting learner outcomes, with little attention paid to IPE facilitation. However, a number of studies have recently emerged reporting on this phenomenon. Aim: To present a synthesis of qualitative evidence on the facilitation of IPE, using a meta-ethnographic approach. Methods: Electronic databases and journals were searched for the past 10 years. Of the 2164 abstracts initially found, 94 full papers were reviewed and subsequently 12 papers were included. Teams of two reviewers independently completed each step in the review process. The quality of these papers was assessed using a modified critical appraisal checklist. Results: Seven key concepts embedded in the included studies were synthesized into three main factors which provided an insight into the nature of IPE facilitation. Specifically, the synthesis found that IPE facilitation is influenced by “contextual characteristics”; “facilitator experiences”; and the “use of different facilitation strategies”. Conclusions: IPE facilitation is a complex activity affected by contextual, experiential and pedagogical factors. Further research is needed to explore the effects of these factors on the delivery of IPE.
Automatically detecting avalanches with machine learning in optical SPOT6/7 satellite imagery
Creators: name: Hafner, Elisabeth D.
name: Barton, Patrick
name: Caye Daudt, Rodrigo
name: Wegner, Jan Dirk
name: Schindler, Konrad
name: Bühler, Yves
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Safety related applications like avalanche warning or risk management depend on timely information about avalanche occurrence. Knowledge on the locations and sizes of avalanches releasing is crucial for the responsible decision-makers. Such information is still collected today in a non-systematic way by observes in the field, for example from ski resort patrols or community avalanche services. Consequently, the existing avalanche mapping is, in particular in situations with high avalanche danger, strongly biased towards accessible terrain in proximity to (winter sport) infrastructure.

Recently, remote sensing has been shown to be capable of partly filling this gap, providing spatially continuous information on avalanche occurrences over large regions. In previous work we applied optical SPOT 6/7 satellite imagery to manually map two avalanche periods over a large part of the swiss Alps (2018: 12’500 and 2019: 9’500 km2). Subsequently, we investigated the reliability of this mapping and proved its suitability by identifying almost ¾ of all occurred avalanches (larger size 1) from SPOT 6/7 imagery. Therefore, optical SPOT data is an excellent source for continuous avalanche mapping, currently restricted by the time intensive manual mapping. To speed up this process we now propose a fully convolutional neural network (CNN) called AvaNet. AvaNet is based on a Deeplabv3+ architecture adapted to specifically learn how avalanches look like by explicitly including height information from a digital terrain model (DTM) for example. Relying on the manually mapped 24’737 avalanches for training, validation and testing, AvaNet achieves an F1 score of 62.5% when thresholding the probabilities from the network predictions at 0.5. In this study we present the results from our network in more detail, including different model variations and results of predictions on data from a third avalanche period we did not train on.

The ability to automate the mapping and therefor quickly identify avalanches from satellite imagery is an important step forward in regularly acquiring spatially continuous avalanche occurrence data. This enables the provision of essential information for the complementation of avalanche databases, making Alpine regions safer.
description: EGUsphere
50-W, >2-μJ SESAM-modelocked Ho:YAG thin-disk oscillator at 2.1 μm
Creators: name: Tomilov, Sergei
name: Wang, Yicheng
name: Hoffmann, Martin
name: Heidrich, Jonas
name: Golling, Matthias
name: Keller, Ursula
name: Saraceno, Clara J.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: EPJ Web of Conferences, 267
description: ISSN:2100-014X
description: ISSN:2101-6275
description: 10th EPS-QEOD Europhoton Conference on Solid-State, Fibre, and Waveguide Coherent Light Sources (EUROPHOTON 2022)
Platinum(II)-thiosemicarbazone drugs override the cell resistance due to glutathione; assessment of their activity against human adenocarcinoma cells
Creators: name: M. Poyraz
name: S. Demirayak
name: C. N. Banti
name: M. J. Manos
name: N. Kourkoumelis
name: S. K. Hadjikakou
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: New platinum(II) compounds of the thiosemicarbazone 1-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)ethan-1-one thiosemicarbazone (BzimetTSCH), [Pt(BzimetTSCH)Cl]·2H2O (1) and [Pt(BzimetTSCH)(tpp)]Cl·H2O·MeCN (2) were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 were determined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The coordination around platinum is square planar in both complexes. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human adenocarcinoma breast (MCF-7) and cervix (HeLa) cells. The apoptotic pathway of cell death was confirmed by cell cycle arrest test. Since deactivation of cisplatin caused by glutathione (GSH) seems to be an important determinant of its cytotoxic effects, the reactions of 1 and 2 with GSH were investigated by UV-absorption spectroscopy. The genotoxicities on normal human fetal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5) caused by 1 and 2 were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. The absence of micronucleus in MRC-5 cells confirms the in vitro non toxic behavior of the compounds. Moreover, the in vivo genotoxicities of 1 and 2 were evaluated by the Allium cepa test. Due to negligible genototoxic effect and high antitumor activity which is similar to that of cisplatin, 2 could be a candidate for further study as potential drug since the mitotic index is unchanged.
title: 01_0563
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Rapid THz-TDS Enabled by Single-Cavity Dual-Comb Gigahertz Laser
Creators: name: Willenberg, Benjamin
name: Phillips, Christopher R.
name: Pupeikis, Justinas
name: Liebermeister, Lars
name: Kohlhaas, Robert
name: Globisch, Björn
name: Keller, Ursula
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: EPJ Web of Conferences, 267
description: ISSN:2100-014X
description: ISSN:2101-6275
description: 10th EPS-QEOD Europhoton Conference on Solid-State, Fibre, and Waveguide Coherent Light Sources (EUROPHOTON 2022)
Sediment supply affects uncertainties and memory in alpine geomorphic systems
Creators: name: Hirschberg, Jacob
name: McArdell, Brian W.
name: Bennett, Georgina L.
name: Molnar, Peter
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Geomorphic systems are affected by climate forcing and sediment supply. Due to non-linear relationships of forcings and sediment mobilization, it is debated whether environmental signals are preserved in such systems, or if they are rather dampened or shredded in the sediment output. Tracing the cause and effect in such systems is commonly impossible to do from observations alone. Therefore, numerical models are interesting to study geomorphic system behavior. We use a modeling chain consisting of the SedCas sediment cascade model (Bennett et al., 2014; Hirschberg et al., 2021) and the AWE-GEN stochastic weather generator (Fatichi et al., 2011), which has been calibrated for a debris-flow catchment in the Swiss Alps, the Illgraben, and used for climate change impact assessment (Hirschberg et al., 2021). Here we use this modeling setup to study the long-term behavior of such a system under consideration of different mean erosion rates and sediment production mechanisms. This numerical experiment is unique because we conducted simulations at high temporal resolution (hourly) while also spanning geological time scales (10k years).

We show that the analysis of short sediment records is characterized by high uncertainties and that especially supply-limited systems are at risk to have underestimated mean sediment. This is in concert with field observations on short- and long-term erosion rates from other basins, and can be attributed to transient hillslope sediment supply to the channel. Furthermore, we demonstrate how large hillslope landslides, or the absence of sediment supply, introduce long-term memory effects which can be quantified in the sediment yield. This long-term memory increases uncertainty and reduces interannual variability in annual sediment yields. Interestingly, details of the actual timing of sediment supply events are shredded and have no discernible impact on sediment yields at the outlet. The study highlights the need of characterizing variability in erosional events with regard to their stochastic nature. Furthermore, these results will corroborate the analysis of erosion rates, support decision making and decrease the risk of misinterpretation both in natural hazard and climate change impact assessment, especially if they are based on short records.
description: EGUsphere
Micro-Finance, Women’s Empowerment and Fertility Decline in Bangladesh: How Important Was Women’s Agency?
Creators: name: Duvendack, Maren
name: Palmer-Jones, Richard
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: As Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen has argued “[Bangladesh’s development achievements have] important lessons for other countries across the globe, [in particular a focus on] reducing gender inequality”. A major avenue through which this emphasis has been manifest lies, according to this narrative, in enhancements to women’s agency for instrumental and intrinsic reasons particularly through innovations in family planning and microfinance. The “Bangladesh paradox” of improved wellbeing despite low economic growth over the last four decades is claimed as a paradigmatic case of the spread of both modern family planning programmes and microfinance leading to women’s empowerment and fertility reduction. In this paper we show that the links between microfinance, empowerment and fertility reduction, are fraught with problems, and far from robust; hence the claimed causal links between microfinance and family planning via women’s empowerment needs to be further reconsidered.
A warming-induced rainfall heterogeneity accelerates landscape evolution
Creators: name: Peleg, Nadav
name: Ramirez, Jorge Alberto
name: Marra, Francesco
name: Skinner, Chris
name: Fatichi, Simone
name: Molnar, Peter
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: The hydro-morphological response of a catchment is highly dependent on rainfall properties, including rainfall intensity, storm duration and frequency, and the timing of those events. Furthermore, rainfall spatial variability impacts streamflow, erosion, and sediment transport, and is explored primarily in the context of heavy rainfall triggering floods and rapid morphological changes on hillslopes and in channels. In order to examine the potential effects of warming on hydro-morphological responses, we first examined how changes in air temperature are affecting the spatial structure of rainfall. We observed that heterogeneity increases as temperatures rise. Then, we investigated the sensitivity of fast hydro-morphological responses to increasing temperatures and rainfall heterogeneity scenarios by simulating an extreme rainfall event that occurred in August 2005 in the Kleine Emme stream in Switzerland. The results show that rainfall heterogeneity has a greater impact on erosion processes than simply intensifying high rainfall intensities. We also looked at how changes in rainfall patterns affect landscape evolution over hundreds of years at the catchment scale. Multiple realizations of hourly rainfall fields, each with a different spatial distribution but identical in all other respects, were simulated using a stochastic weather generator, and the impact of the storm heterogeneity on catchment morphology was assessed using a landscape evolution model (CAESAR-Lisflood). We found that erosion and deposition rates increased and net erosion and deposition areas changed (increased and decreased, respectively) when the rain became less uniform in space. Increasing temperatures and rainfall heterogeneity resulted in longer, deeper, and more branched gullies. The results of these studies indicate that heterogeneity in rainfall spatial patterns accelerates landscape development even when rainfall volumes and temporal structures are identical.
description: EGUsphere
Uncertainties in local and regional mass movement prediction using rainfall
Creators: name: McArdell, Brian
name: Hirschberg, Jacob
name: Badoux, Alexandre
name: Leonarduzzi, Elena
name: Molnar, Peter
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: The prediction of debris flows is relevant because this type of natural hazard can pose a threat to humans and infrastructure. Debris-flow (and landslide) early warning systems often rely on rainfall intensity–duration (ID) thresholds. Multiple competing methods exist for the determination of such ID thresholds but have not been objectively and thoroughly compared at multiple scales, and a validation and uncertainty assessment is often missing in their formulation. As a consequence, updating, interpreting, generalizing and comparing rainfall thresholds is challenging. Here, we present the findings of Hirschberg et al. (2021), which focused on (i) uncertainties related to ID thresholds, (ii) differences in local compared to regional ID thresholds, and (iii) how prediction can potentially be improved using statistical learning algorithms. The findings are of interest for debris-flow (and landslide) early-warning developers.

We use a 17-year record of rainfall and 67 debris flows in a Swiss Alpine catchment (Illgraben) to determine ID thresholds and associated uncertainties as a function of record du- ration. This included comparing two methods for rainfall threshold definition based on linear regression and/or true-skill-statistic maximization. The main difference between these approaches and the well-known frequentist method is that non-triggering rainfall events were additionally considered for obtaining ID-threshold parameters. Depending on the method applied, the ID-threshold parameters and their uncertainties differed significantly. We found that 25 debris flows are sufficient to constrain uncertainties in ID-threshold parameters to ±30% for our study site. We further demonstrated the change in predictive performance of the two methods if a regional landslide data set with a regional rainfall product was used instead of a local one with local rainfall measurements. Hence, an important finding is that the ideal method for ID- threshold determination depends on the available landslide and rainfall data sets. Furthermore, for the local data set we tested if the ID-threshold performance can be increased by considering other rainfall properties (e.g. antecedent rainfall, maximum intensity) in a multivariate statistical learning algorithm based on decision trees (random forest). The highest predictive power was reached when the peak 30 min rainfall intensity was added to the ID variables, while no improvement was achieved by considering antecedent rainfall for debris-flow predictions in Illgraben. Although the increase in predictive performance with the random forest model over the classical ID threshold was small, such a framework could be valuable for future studies if more predictors are available from measured or modelled data.
description: EGUsphere
title: Éric Favereau, "Par le codécouvreur du sida, une thèse dérangeant sur l’affaire du sang contaminé. Rozenbaum : il fallait attendre pour dépister"
Creators: name: Favereau, Éric (1955?-....)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Extrait de Libération, 5 janvier 1999.
description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-20193111233429242
Unraveling the hydrology of water bodies in the African Sahel Region using continental scale remote sensing
Creators: name: Donauer, Tabea
name: Ragettli, Silvan
name: Molnar, Peter
name: Delnoije, Ron
name: Siegfried, Tobias
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Water resources in the African Sahel Region are under increasing pressure due to climatic changes, population growth and land degradation. Often, societies rely on surface water from lakes and rivers to sustain their lives and livelihoods. It is therefore essential to monitor and understand the dynamics of these water bodies to assess past, present, and future water resource changes.

Here we use satellite imagery and altimetry to determine water level and storage changes in small water bodies across the African Sahel. The method consists of detecting the ever-shifting edge of lakes and rivers in Landsat and Sentinel-2 optical imagery and assigning heights to shoreline points using altimetric data from ICESat-2satellite. This so-called “waterline method” assumes that the water-land boundary can be regarded as a contour line that connects points of equal elevation. We present novel extension of the waterline method which also allows to identify bathymetry changes over time from shoreline position observations. By tracking the temporal changes of surface water contour shapes, we can quantitatively analyse erosion and deposition processes. Past reservoir capacity changes and water storage variations are thus retrieved from optical remote sensing data, which are available over much longer periods of time and at higher revisiting frequenciesthan altimetry data.

The operational implementation of the method offers access to the water levels and storage variations of more than 300 water bodies in 10 Sahelian countries over the period 2000-2021. The identified spatio-temporal trends reveal fascinatingly heterogeneous patterns of drying and wetting across the Sahelian zone. Wet-season water level data reveal increasing trends over the last 20 years from West to East. Dry-season water availability then depends to a large degree on storage capacity.

Finally, we use the method for a detailed attribution analysis to identify drivers of change at Lac Wégnia, a designated RAMSAR site in Mali. The lake is characterized by an alarming decrease of dry-season surface water extent over the last 20 years. We recognize silting at the tributaries to the lake, but overall, erosion processes are dominant and threaten the persistence of the lake because of continuous backward erosion at the outlet of the lake. This explains the decreasing trend in water levels even for the wet-season, in spite of positive rainfall patterns.
description: EGUsphere
Parameterizing the spatial structure of torrential rain for flood impact assessments
Creators: name: Peleg, Nadav
name: Leitão, João P.
name: Paschalis, Athanasios
name: Fatichi, Simone
name: Molnar, Peter
name: Burlando, Paolo
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: In response to climate change, torrential rains undergo changes in their magnitude and temporal properties. In many places, it is predicted that these extreme short-duration rainfalls will intensify, become more frequent, and shorten in duration. In climate change impact studies, the spatial aspect of torrential rain is often overlooked, despite many case studies demonstrating its importance. The main reason why changes in rainfall structure are ignored is the lack of information derived from convection-permitting models. They are capable of simulating the rainfall at the fine spatial and temporal scales required to accurately represent torrential rainfall under various warming scenarios, although they are very computationally demanding. Recent studies have shown a relationship between rainfall spatial structure and air temperature but the relationship is not universal and varies by location. In some places, increasing temperature is associated with an increase in rainfall heterogeneity and a decrease in storm area, while in other locations it is associated with rainfall intensification and an increase in storm area. For flood impact assessments, we propose a parameterization method to change the spatial structure of extreme short-duration rainfall. The method is applicable to either simulated data derived from convection-permitting models or observed data obtained from remote sensing devices (such as weather radar) and can be adapted to a variety of global warming scenarios. We will illustrate how the method can be applied to alter the spatial profile of a design storm and demonstrate its implications for assessing changes to flood statistics.
description: IAHS Scientific Assembly 2022
Homogenization of the full compressible Navier-Stokes-Fourier system in randomly perforated domains
Creators: name: Oschmann, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the homogenization of the compressible Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations in a randomly perforated domain in $\mathbb{R}^3$. Assuming that the particle size scales like $\varepsilon^α$, where $\varepsilon>0$ is their mutual distance and $α>3$, we show that in the limit $\varepsilon\to 0$, the velocity, density, and temperature converge to a solution of the same system. We follow the methods of Lu and Pokorný [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2020.10.032], where they considered the full system in periodically perforated domains.
description: 16 pages
The connections between rainfall regimes and crop production in semi-arid and sub-humid climates: an example from Ethiopia
Creators: name: Wakjira, Mosisa Tujuba
name: Peleg, Nadav
name: Anghileri, Daniela
name: Molnar, Darcy
name: Alamirew, Tena
name: Six, Johan
name: Molnar, Peter
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Temporal distribution of rainfall is a crucial climatic factor that controls seasonal biomass productivity and crop yield, particularly in tropical semi-arid and sub-humid climates where agriculture is primarily rainfed. This study explores the relationship between temporal rainfall attributes – seasonality, timing, and duration of the wet season -- and cereal crop productivity in the rainfed agriculture (RFA) areas of Ethiopia using the CHIRPS rainfall. In the first step, we determined the rainfall seasonality using an entropy-based dimensionless seasonality index (DSI), defined the dates of onset and cessation from the cumulative rainfall anomalies, computed the duration of the wet season, and assessed the anomalies and trends in these attributes and their associations to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over the period 1981-2010. In the second step, we analyzed the correlation between de-trended total cereal production (the sum of maize, teff, sorghum, wheat, barley, millet, oats, and rice productions) during the main growing season (April - September), and anomalies of the temporal rainfall attributes during 1995-2010. We also estimated the effects of variabilities in the rainfall timing attributes on cereal production using a univariate linear regression model. We show that rainfall in the northern RFA areas of Ethiopia is highly seasonal and unimodal whereas the southern and southeastern parts are characterized by low seasonality and a bimodal regime. Anomalies in the onset dates and DSI are meaningfully related with ENSO: 54% of late-onset events and 50% of negative DSI anomalies during 1981-2010 were observed in El Niño years. The response of crop production to changes in the temporal rainfall attributes depends on the rainfall regime. In regions with unimodal and highly seasonal rainfall regimes, we found that cereal production is mostly correlated with the onset (median ρ=-0.39) and duration (ρ=0.24) of the rainy season, whereas in regions with semi-arid bimodal rainfall regime, cereal production is more correlated with the rainfall seasonality (ρ=0.21). The median cereal production losses due to late-onset and shorter duration over the RFA areas are estimated to be ∼1.5% and 1.1% per 5-day period respectively, but much larger losses of up to 12% can be experienced in some regions.
description: IAHS Scientific Assembly 2022
Platinum(II)-thiosemicarbazone drugs override the cell resistance due to glutathione; Assessment of their activity against human adenocarcinoma cells
Creators: name: M. Poyrazi
name: S. Demirayak
name: C.N. Banti
name: M.J. Manos
name: N. Kourkoumelis
name: S.K. Hadjikakou
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: New platinum(II) compounds of the thiosemicarbazone 1-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)ethan-1-one thiosemicarbazone (BzimetTSCH), [Pt(BzimetTSCH)Cl]·2H2O (1) and [Pt(BzimetTSCH)(tpp)]Cl·H2O·MeCN (2) were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 were determined with single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The coordination around platinum is square planar in both complexes. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human adenocarcinoma breast (MCF-7) and cervix (HeLa) cells. The apoptotic pathway of cell death was confirmed by cell cycle arrest test. Since deactivation of cisplatin caused by glutathione (GSH) seems to be an important determinant of its cytotoxic effects, the reactions of 1 and 2 with GSH were investigated by UV-absorption spectroscopy. The genotoxicities on normal human fetal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5) caused by 1 and 2 were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. The absence of micronucleus in MRC-5 cells confirms the in vitro non toxic behavior of the compounds. Moreover, the in vivo genotoxicities of 1 and 2 were evaluated by the Allium cepa test. Due to negligible genototoxic effect and high antitumor activity which is similar to that of cisplatin, 2 could be a candidate for further study as potential drug since the mitotic index is unchanged.
On some Generalized Fermat Equations of the form $x^2+y^{2n} = z^p$
Creators: name: Michaud-Jacobs, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11D41, 11F80, 11G05, 11F41

description: The primary aim of this paper is to study the generalized Fermat equation \[ x^2+y^{2n} = z^{3p} \] in coprime integers $x$, $y$, and $z$, where $n \geq 2$ and $p$ is a fixed prime. Using modularity results over totally real fields and the explicit computation of Hilbert cuspidal eigenforms, we provide a complete resolution of this equation in the case $p=7$, and obtain an asymptotic result for fixed $p$. Additionally, using similar techniques, we solve a second equation, namely $x^{2\ell}+y^{2m} = z^{17}$, for primes $\ell,m \ne 5$.
description: To appear in Mathematika. Correction to the proof of Lemma 7.2 and other minor revisions
Determining the nonlinearity in an acoustic wave equation
Creators: name: Kaltenbacher, Barbara
name: Rundell, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30, 35L15, 35L71

description: We consider an undetermined coefficient inverse problem for a nonlinear partial differential equation describing high intensity ultrasound propagation as widely used in medical imaging and therapy. The usual nonlinear term in the standard model using the Westervelt equation in pressure formulation is of the form $p p_t$. However, this should be considered as a low order approximation to a more complex physical model where higher order terms will be required. Here we assume a more general case where the form taken is $f(p)\,p_t$ and $f$ is unknown and must be recovered from data measurements. Corresponding to the typical measurement setup, the overposed data consists of time trace observations of the acoustic pressure at a single point or on a one dimensional set $Σ$ representing the receiving transducer array at a fixed time. Additionally to an analysis of well-posedness of the resulting {\sc pde}, we show injectivity of the linearized forward map from $f$ to the overposed data and use this as motivation for several iterative schemes to recover $f$. Numerical simulations will also be shown to illustrate the efficiency of the methods.
Thermodynamics and Phase Structure of an Einstein-Maxwell-scalar Model in Extended Phase Space
Creators: name: Guo, Guangzhou
name: Wang, Peng
name: Wu, Houwen
name: Yang, Haitang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study thermodynamics and phase structure of asymptotically AdS hairy and Reissner-Nordström-AdS (RNAdS) black holes in the extended phase space, where the cosmological constant is interpreted as a thermal pressure. The RNAdS and hairy black holes are black hole solutions of an Einstein-Maxwell-scalar (EMS) model with a non-minimal coupling between the scalar and electromagnetic fields. The Smarr relation, the first law of thermodynamics and the free energy are derived for black hole solutions in the EMS model. Moreover, the phase structure of the RNAdS and hairy black holes is investigated in canonical and grand canonical ensembles. Interestingly, RNAdS BH/hairy BH/RNAdS BH reentrant phase transitions, consisting of zeroth-order and second-order phase transitions, are found in both ensembles.
description: v1: 16 pages, 9 figures; v2: 16 pages, 9 figures, references added
Building Three-Dimensional Differentiable Manifolds Numerically
Creators: name: Lindblom, Lee
name: Rinne, Oliver
name: Taylor, Nicholas W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method is developed here for building differentiable three-dimensional manifolds on multicube structures. This method constructs a sequence of reference metrics that determine differentiable structures on the cubic regions that serve as non-overlapping coordinate charts on these manifolds. It uses solutions to the two- and three-dimensional biharmonic equations in a sequence of steps that increase the differentiability of the reference metrics across the interfaces between cubic regions. This method is algorithmic and has been implemented in a computer code that automatically generates these reference metrics. Examples of three-manifolds constructed in this way are presented here, including representatives from five of the eight Thurston geometrization classes, plus the well-known Hantzsche-Wendt, the Poincare dodecahedral space, and the Seifert-Weber space.
description: 37 pages, 10 figures, 12 Tables; v2 includes minor revisions and additions to agree with the final published version
(3+1)-D viscous hydrodynamics CLVisc at finite net baryon density: identified particle spectra, anisotropic flows and flow fluctuations across BES energies
Creators: name: Wu, Xiang-Yu
name: Qin, Guang-You
name: Pang, Long-Gang
name: Wang, Xin-Nian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To study the bulk properties of the quark-gluon-plasma (QGP) produced at the beam energy scan (BES) energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), we extend the (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics CLVisc to include net baryon number conservation and Israel-Stewart-like equation for baryon diffusion with the NEOS-BQS equation of state, fluctuating initial conditions from Monte-Carlo Glauber model, and the afterburner SMASH. This integrated framework is shown to provide a good description of identified particle spectra, mean transverse momenta and anisotropic flows for different centralities and over a wide range of collision energies (7.7-62.4 GeV). It is found that the mean momenta of identified particles and anisotropic flows increases mildly with the collision energy due to larger radial flow. We further compute the multiple-particle cumulant ratio $v_2\{4\}/v_2\{2\}$ of elliptic flow across BES energies, and find that the relative fluctuations of elliptic flow are insensitive to the collision energy, consistent with the preliminary STAR data. Our model provides a benchmark for understanding the RHIC-BES data and studying the critical properties and phase structure of hot and dense QCD matter.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Meta-learning PINN loss functions
Creators: name: Psaros, Apostolos F
name: Kawaguchi, Kenji
name: Karniadakis, George Em
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a meta-learning technique for offline discovery of physics-informed neural network (PINN) loss functions. We extend earlier works on meta-learning, and develop a gradient-based meta-learning algorithm for addressing diverse task distributions based on parametrized partial differential equations (PDEs) that are solved with PINNs. Furthermore, based on new theory we identify two desirable properties of meta-learned losses in PINN problems, which we enforce by proposing a new regularization method or using a specific parametrization of the loss function. In the computational examples, the meta-learned losses are employed at test time for addressing regression and PDE task distributions. Our results indicate that significant performance improvement can be achieved by using a shared-among-tasks offline-learned loss function even for out-of-distribution meta-testing. In this case, we solve for test tasks that do not belong to the task distribution used in meta-training, and we also employ PINN architectures that are different from the PINN architecture used in meta-training. To better understand the capabilities and limitations of the proposed method, we consider various parametrizations of the loss function and describe different algorithm design options and how they may affect meta-learning performance.
Using high-resolution stochastic climate ensembles to model the impacts and uncertainty of hydrology in mountainous catchments
Creators: name: Moraga, Jorge Sebastian
name: Peleg, Nadav
name: Molnar, Peter
name: Fatichi, Simone
name: Burlando, Paolo
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: Hydrological projections in the context of a changing climate may display high levels of uncertainty, particularly when examining small temporal and spatial scales. To project the response of hydrological processes to the increasing global temperatures, scientists and practitioners rely on chains of numerical models, each contributing some degree of uncertainty to the overall outputs. Furthermore, the randomness intrinsic to climate phenomena, known as internal climate variability, contributes to the uncertainty of the hydrological projections in the form of an irreducible stochasticity. In this work, we quantify the impacts and partition the uncertainty of hydrological processes emerging from climate models and internal variability  for two mountainous catchments in the Swiss Alps and across a broad range of scales. To that end, we used high-resolution ensembles of climate and hydrological data produced using a two-dimensional stochastic weather generator (AWE-GEN-2d) and a distributed hydrological model (Topkapi-ETH). We quantified the uncertainty in hydrological projections towards the end of the century through the estimation of the values of signal-to-noise ratios (STNR). We found small STNR values (<-1) in the projection of annual streamflow for most sub-catchments in both study sites that are dominated by the large natural variability of precipitation (explains ~70% of total uncertainty). Furthermore, we investigated specific hydrological components that are critical in the model chain with detail. For example, snowmelt or liquid precipitation exhibits robust change signals, which translates into high STNR values for streamflow during warm seasons and at higher elevations, together with a larger contribution of climate model uncertainty, suggesting that an improvement of the involved models has the potential of significantly narrowing the uncertainty. In contrast, extreme flows show low STNR values due to large internal climate variability across all elevations, which limits the possibility of narrowing their estimation uncertainty due to a warming climate. This study demonstrates that high-resolution hydro-climatic ensembles enable the quantification of hydrological projections across spatial and temporal scales, which can be used to assess the potential for narrowing hydrological uncertainties.
description: IAHS Scientific Assembly 2022
One-sided GRP Solver and Numerical Boundary Conditions for compressible fluid flows
Creators: name: Li, Jiequan
name: Zhang, Qinglong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the computation of compressible fluid flows, numerical boundary conditions are always necessary for all physical variables at computational boundaries while just partial physical variables are often prescribed as physical boundary conditions. Certain extrapolation technique or ghost cells are often employed traditionally for this issue but spurious wave reflections often arise to cause numerical instability. In this paper, we associate this issue with the one-sided generalized Riemann problem (GRP) solver motivated by the accelerated piston problem in gas dynamics so that the extrapolation technique can be actually avoided. In fact, the compatibility arguments naturally requires to formulate the one-sided generalized Riemann problem and incorporate it into the numerical procedure of boundary conditions. As far as the interaction of nonlinear waves with physical boundaries, such a one-sided GRP solver shows significant effects, as numerical experiments demonstrate, on avoiding spurious wave reflections at the computational boundaries.
Attention-Guided Progressive Neural Texture Fusion for High Dynamic Range Image Restoration
Creators: name: Chen, Jie
name: Yang, Zaifeng
name: Chan, Tsz Nam
name: Li, Hui
name: Hou, Junhui
name: Chau, Lap-Pui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging via multi-exposure fusion is an important task for most modern imaging platforms. In spite of recent developments in both hardware and algorithm innovations, challenges remain over content association ambiguities caused by saturation, motion, and various artifacts introduced during multi-exposure fusion such as ghosting, noise, and blur. In this work, we propose an Attention-guided Progressive Neural Texture Fusion (APNT-Fusion) HDR restoration model which aims to address these issues within one framework. An efficient two-stream structure is proposed which separately focuses on texture feature transfer over saturated regions and multi-exposure tonal and texture feature fusion. A neural feature transfer mechanism is proposed which establishes spatial correspondence between different exposures based on multi-scale VGG features in the masked saturated HDR domain for discriminative contextual clues over the ambiguous image areas. A progressive texture blending module is designed to blend the encoded two-stream features in a multi-scale and progressive manner. In addition, we introduce several novel attention mechanisms, i.e., the motion attention module detects and suppresses the content discrepancies among the reference images; the saturation attention module facilitates differentiating the misalignment caused by saturation from those caused by motion; and the scale attention module ensures texture blending consistency between different coder/decoder scales. We carry out comprehensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations and ablation studies, which validate that these novel modules work coherently under the same framework and outperform state-of-the-art methods.
Bosonization of Majorana modes and edge states
Creators: name: Bochniak, Arkadiusz
name: Ruba, Błażej
name: Wosiek, Jacek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a bosonization procedure which replaces fermions with generalized spin variables subject to local constraints. It requires that the number of Majorana modes per lattice site matches the coordination number modulo two. If this condition is not obeyed, then bosonization introduces additional fermionic excitations not present in the original model. In the case of one Majorana mode per site on a honeycomb lattice, we recover a sector of Kitaev's model. We discuss also decagonal and rectangular geometries and present bosonization of the Hubbard model. For geometries with a boundary we find that certain fermionic edge modes naturally emerge. They are of different nature than edge modes encountered in topological phases of matter. Euclidean representation for the unconstrained version of a spin system of the type arising in our construction is derived and briefly studied by computing some exact averages for small volumes.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Generation of Photon Pairs by Stimulated Emission in Ring Resonators
Creators: name: Banic, Milica
name: Liscidini, Marco
name: Sipe, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Third-order parametric down-conversion (TOPDC) describes a class of nonlinear interactions in which a pump photon is converted into a photon triplet. This process can occur spontaneously, or it can be stimulated by seeding fields. In the former case, one typically has the generation of non-Gaussian states of light. In the latter, the situation is more variegated, for stimulated TOPDC (StTOPDC) can be implemented in many ways, depending on the number and properties of the seeding fields. Here we show that StTOPDC can be exploited for the generation of quantum correlated photon pairs. We examine the peculiar features of this approach when compared with second-order spontaneous parametric down-conversion and spontaneous four-wave mixing. We model StTOPDC in a microring resonator, predicting observable generation rates in a microring engineered for third-harmonic generation. We conclude that if the experimental difficulties associated with implementing StTOPDC can be overcome, it may soon be possible to demonstrate this process in resonant integrated devices.