cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Embracing the intuitive-analytical paradox?  How intuitive and analytical decision-making drive paradoxes in simple and complex environments
Creators: name: Fellnhofer, Katharina
name: Sornette, Didier
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: business
organizational behavior
Life sciences
Entrepreneurial behaviour
behavioral economics
psychology
economics
cognition and perception
finance

description: Research proposal to tackle following research questions: To what extend is unconscious intuitive decision-making in complex and uncertain conditions more accurate than conscious analytical decision-making? Is – paradoxically – analytical thinking more successful when making simple decisions and intuitive thinking when deciding in complex environments?
description: OSF Preprints
Flame retardant biogenic building insulation materials from hemp fiber
Creators: name: Jadhav, Porus Sunil
name: Sarkar, Arpita
name: Zhu, Long
name: Ren, Shenqiang
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description: Biogenic thermal insulation materials are in high demand because of its carbon-sequestration nature. However, high flammability, moisture condensation, and relatively high thermal conductivity of biogenic material are major concerns for sustainable building applications. In this study, we report the fire-retardant cellulose xerogel insulation nanocomposites derived from hemp fiber recycling and silica xerogel, in which the boric acid treatment improves its fire retardancy. The as-prepared materials show a low thermal conductivity of 31.3 mW/m K, high flexural modulus of 665 MPa, hydrophobicity with the water contact angle of 115°, and fire retardancy with 30% weight loss over a period of burning time 10 min. Overall, this work provides an effective method for the synthesis of fire-retardant biogenic thermal insulation materials and shows a promising way for next-generation bio-based insulation materials.
Propagators in the Correlated Worldline Theory of Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Wilson-Gerow, Jordan
name: Stamp, P. C. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from a formulation of Correlated Worldline (CWL) theory in terms of functional integrals over paths, we define propagators for particles and matter fields in this theory. We show that the most natural formulation of CWL theory involves a rescaling of the generating functional for the theory; correlation functions then simplify, and all loops containing gravitons disappear from perturbative expansions. The spacetime metric obeys the Einstein equation, sourced by all of the interacting CWL paths. The matter paths are correlated by gravitation, thereby violating quantum mechanics for large masses. We derive exact results for the generating functional and the matter propagator, and for linearized weak field theory. For the example of a two-path experiment, we derive the CWL matter propagator, and show how the results compare with conventional quantum theory and with semiclassical gravity. We also exhibit the structure of low-order perturbation theory for the CWL matter propagator.
description: 34 pages, 17 figures
title: Les Ngoto et les Blancs
Creators: name: Althabégoïty, Galla
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: ngbugu
subject: lnl

description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
Confidence bands for survival curves from outcome-dependent stratified samples
Creators: name: Saegusa, Takumi
name: Nandori, Peter
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description: We consider the construction of confidence bands for survival curves under the outcome-dependent stratified sampling. A main challenge of this design is that data are a biased dependent sample due to stratification and sampling without replacement. Most literature on regression approximates this design by Bernoulli sampling but variance is generally overestimated. Even with this approximation, the limiting distribution of the inverse probability weighted Kaplan–Meier estimator involves a general Gaussian process, and hence quantiles of its supremum is not analytically available. In this paper, we provide a rigorous asymptotic theory for the weighted Kaplan–Meier estimator accounting for dependence in the sample. We propose the novel hybrid method to both simulate and bootstrap parts of the limiting process to compute confidence bands with asymptotically correct coverage probability. Simulation study indicates that the proposed bands are appropriate for practical use. A Wilms tumor example is presented.
Measuring the Semantic Priming Effect Across Many Languages: PSA007: Semantic Priming Across Many Languages (SPAML)
Creators: name: Buchanan, Erin M.
name: Cuccolo, Kelly M.
name: Coles, Nicholas
name: Heyman, Tom
name: Iyer, Aishwarya
name: Lewis, Neil Jr.
name: Peters, Kim
name: van Berkel, Niels
name: van't Veer, Anna E.
name: Taylor, Jack E.
name: Montefinese, Maria
name: Valentine, K.D.
name: Maxwell, Nicholas P.
name: Türkan, Belgüzar Nilay
name: Williams, Glenn P.
name: Oliveros-Chacana, Juan C.
name: Röer, Jan Philipp
name: Fini, Chiara
name: Acar, Oguz A.
name: McFall, Joseph
name: Fellnhofer, Katharina
name: et al.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Semantic Priming Across Many Languages (SPAML)
subject: COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
subject: Semantic priming
subject: Cognitive psychology
subject: Psycholinguistics
subject: Computational linguistics
subject: Response latencies
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/150
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/400
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Language, linguistics

description: Semantic priming has been studied for nearly 50 years across various experimental manipulations and theoretical frameworks. These studies provide insight into the cognitive underpinnings of semantic representations in both healthy and clinical populations; however, they have suffered from several issues including generally low sample sizes and a lack of diversity in linguistic implementations. Here, we will test the size and the variability of the semantic priming effect across ten languages by creating a large database of semantic priming values, based on an adaptive sampling procedure. Differences in response latencies between related word-pair conditions and unrelated word-pair conditions (i.e., difference score confidence interval is greater than zero) will allow quantifying evidence for semantic priming, whereas improvements in model fit with the addition of a random intercept for language will provide support for variability in semantic priming across languages.
description: OSF Preprints
The effect of emulsifier type and oil inclusion on stress-related gene expression of Salmonella typhimurium in oil-in-water emulsion
Creators: name: Tsai, Shawn
name: Tikekar, Rohan V.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2024

description: Salmonella has been associated with numerous outbreaks from contaminated food products, including emulsions. Emulsions are influenced by emulsifier type and oil presence, which can have varying degrees of stress or protection on bacteria. Although our previous research has shown that emulsifier solutions, rather than emulsions, provide a protective effect on Salmonella typhimurium after thermal treatment, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study selected S. typhimurium as the model microorganism and utilized the same emulsifiers (Tween 20, Tween 80, Triton X-100) to create emulsifier solutions and emulsions with the same oil fraction (60% (v/v)) to examine their effect on the expression of nine selected genes (rpoE, rpoH, otsB, proV, fadA, fabA, dnaK, ibpA, ompC) associated with stress response. Specifically, the study observed variations in gene expression under normal and thermal stress at 55°C. After 20-h incubation, Triton X-100 emulsion caused an upregulation of stress-related genes, rpoE, otsB, and fabA, suggesting stressful environment. After thermal treatment, S. typhimurium in Triton X-100 solution showed a longer 5-log reduction time with increased proV and decreased fabA and ompC expression, suggesting enhanced thermal protection compared to its emulsion. Conversely, Tween 80 solution increased fabA and ompC expression, indicating greater membrane fluidity and passive diffusion, potentially reducing thermal resistance. However, according to the upregulation of ibpA, this effect was likely mitigated by the overproduction of heat shock proteins. Notably, Triton X-100 environments exhibited the most significant gene expression changes after heat treatment, whereas Tween 80 without oil was the most inhospitable for bacterial survival. These findings inform bacterial responses under various conditions, aiding food safety strategies.
One-dimensional flows of a polytropic gas: Lie group classification, conservation laws, invariant and conservative difference schemes
Creators: name: Dorodnitsyn, Vladimir A.
name: Kozlov, Roman
name: Meleshko, Sergey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The paper considers one-dimensional flows of a polytropic gas in the Lagrangian coordinates in three cases: plain one-dimensional flows, radially symmetric flows and spherically symmetric flows. The one-dimensional flow of a polytropic gas is described by one second-order partial differential equation in the Lagrangian variables. Lie group classification of this PDE is performed. Its variational structure allows to construct conservation laws with the help of Noether's theorem. These conservation laws are also recalculated for the gas dynamics variables in the Lagrangian and Eulerian coordinates. Additionally, invariant and conservative difference schemes are provided.
Tutoring Reinforcement Learning via Feedback Control
Creators: name: De Lellis, Francesco
name: Russo, Giovanni
name: di Bernardo, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We introduce a control-tutored reinforcement learning (CTRL) algorithm. The idea is to enhance tabular learning algorithms by means of a control strategy with limited knowledge of the system model. By tutoring the learning process, the learning rate can be substantially reduced. We use the classical problem of stabilizing an inverted pendulum as a benchmark to numerically illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the approach.
A Guide to Realistic Uncertainties on Fundamental Properties of Solar-Type Exoplanet Host Stars
Creators: name: Tayar, Jamie
name: Claytor, Zachary R.
name: Huber, Daniel
name: van Saders, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our understanding of the properties and demographics of exoplanets critically relies on our ability to determine fundamental properties of their host stars. The advent of Gaia and large spectroscopic surveys has now made it in principle possible to infer properties of individual stars, including most exoplanet hosts, to very high precision. However, we show that in practice, such analyses are limited both by uncertainties in the fundamental scale, and by uncertainties in our models of stellar evolution, even for stars similar to the Sun. For example, we show that current uncertainties on measured interferometric angular diameters and bolometric fluxes set a systematic uncertainty floor of $\sim$2% in temperature, $\sim$2% in luminosity, and $\sim$4% in radius. Comparisons between widely available model grids suggest uncertainties of order $\sim$5% in mass and $\sim$20% in age for main sequence and subgiant stars. While the radius uncertainties are roughly constant over this range of stars, the model dependent uncertainties are a complex function of luminosity, temperature, and metallicity. We provide open-source software for approximating these uncertainties for individual targets, and discuss strategies for reducing these uncertainties in the future.
description: Submitted, 11 pages, 6 figures. Google colab notebook available at https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1tmOHsat2g2-fYU8Y2UJIdV6VWCI9RjTf?usp=sharing
Rethinking tax to recreate a cohesive society Tax is protection 1 / …
Creators: name: Liebart, Deborah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: tax issue, cohesive society, repartition, wealth, security, freedom

description: Today, I would like to start a new cycle on the tax question, debate brought to light in France by the movement of yellow vests and more generally in Europe through various movements in recent years. When I started to study the tax issue, my questioning was to understand what motivated the anti-tax revolts, in the 17th and 18th centuries : from the Fronde, to the "Bonnets rouges", from 1738-1739 to the crisis of subsistence of 1740 and the "guerre des farines", during which the rumor denounced a new "famine pact", to use the expression of Prévost de Beaumont. My line of work, questioning the french national and regional archives, was to know what motivated these crowd movements : political campaigns launching rumors and publishing libels against the monarchy, popular reaction to the royal and local edicts creating or increasing taxes, denunciation of the daily suspicion of tax officials, financially interested in penalties and levying sums higher than those due, criticism of the removal of family and business secrets, home visits, tax permanence which legally should only be temporary… At a time when the dominant economic discourse is mobilizing the writings of Adam Smith to legitimize his decision-making and his actions, I wanted to talk to you again about the" invisible hand" and another economist, Jean-Joseph Louis Graslin, an opponent of physiocratic theories, and more widely of the expanding modern liberal theories... Graslin, unknown to the public, like many heterodox authors relegated by the discipline as minor or marginal authors.
Optimal switch from a fossil-fueled to an electric vehicle
Creators: name: Falbo, Paolo
name: Ferrari, Giorgio
name: Rizzini, Giorgio
name: Schmeck, Maren Diane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 60G40, 91B76, 91G50, 49L20

description: In this paper we propose and solve a real options model for the optimal adoption of an electric vehicle. A policymaker promotes the abeyance of fossil-fueled vehicles through an incentive, and the representative fossil-fueled vehicle's owner decides the time at which buying an electric vehicle, while minimizing a certain expected cost. This involves a combination of various types of costs: the stochastic opportunity cost of driving one unit distance with a traditional fossil-fueled vehicle instead of an electric one, the cost associated to traffic bans, and the net purchase cost. After determining the optimal switching time and the minimal cost function for a general diffusive opportunity cost, we specialize to the case of a mean-reverting process. In such a setting, we provide a model calibration on real data from Italy, and we study the dependency of the optimal switching time with respect to the model's parameters. Moreover, we study the effect of traffic bans and incentive on the expected optimal switching time. We observe that incentive and traffic bans on fossil-fueled transport can be used as effective tools in the hand of the policymaker to encourage the adoption of electric vehicles, and hence to reduce air pollution.
Table S2 from Urban warming reduces aboveground carbon storage
Creators: name: Meineke, Emily
name: Youngsteadt, Elsa
name: Dunn, Robert R.
name: Frank, Steven D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Detailed statistics. Relevant statistical information not included in the main manuscript is included here. In all mixed effects models, "Site" was specified as the random effect. In GLMER, sample ID was also included as a random effect
Basis properties of Fucik eigenfunctions
Creators: name: Baustian, Falko
name: Bobkov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34L10, 34B25, 34B08, 47A70

description: We establish sufficient assumptions on sequences of Fucik eigenvalues of the one-dimensional Laplacian which guarantee that the corresponding Fucik eigenfunctions form a Riesz basis in $L^2(0,π)$.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Supplementary Figure 2 from Blastoderm segmentation in Oncopeltus fasciatus and the evolution of insect segmentation mechanisms
Creators: name: Stahi, Reut
name: Chipman, Ariel D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: A germband stage embryo knocked down for Dl through maternal RNAi, fixed 40 hours after egg laying and stained for the expression of wg. The embryo is shown dissected but unmounted. Expression in anterior segments (those formed in the blastoderm) is normal, but the growth zone is misshapen and shows no expression of wg.
Variational Quantum Cloning: Improving Practicality for Quantum Cryptanalysis
Creators: name: Coyle, Brian
name: Doosti, Mina
name: Kashefi, Elham
name: Kumar, Niraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cryptanalysis on standard quantum cryptographic systems generally involves finding optimal adversarial attack strategies on the underlying protocols. The core principle of modelling quantum attacks in many cases reduces to the adversary's ability to clone unknown quantum states which facilitates the extraction of some meaningful secret information. Explicit optimal attack strategies typically require high computational resources due to large circuit depths or, in many cases, are unknown. In this work, we propose variational quantum cloning (VQC), a quantum machine learning based cryptanalysis algorithm which allows an adversary to obtain optimal (approximate) cloning strategies with short depth quantum circuits, trained using hybrid classical-quantum techniques. The algorithm contains operationally meaningful cost functions with theoretical guarantees, quantum circuit structure learning and gradient descent based optimisation. Our approach enables the end-to-end discovery of hardware efficient quantum circuits to clone specific families of quantum states, which in turn leads to an improvement in cloning fidelites when implemented on quantum hardware: the Rigetti Aspen chip. Finally, we connect these results to quantum cryptographic primitives, in particular quantum coin flipping. We derive attacks on two protocols as examples, based on quantum cloning and facilitated by VQC. As a result, our algorithm can improve near term attacks on these protocols, using approximate quantum cloning as a resource.
description: 16 pages main text, 25 pages supplementary material, 20 figures. Comments welcome
FPCC: Fast Point Cloud Clustering based Instance Segmentation for Industrial Bin-picking
Creators: name: Xu, Yajun
name: Arai, Shogo
name: Liu, Diyi
name: Lin, Fangzhou
name: Kosuge, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Instance segmentation is an important pre-processing task in numerous real-world applications, such as robotics, autonomous vehicles, and human-computer interaction. Compared with the rapid development of deep learning for two-dimensional (2D) image tasks, deep learning-based instance segmentation of 3D point cloud still has a lot of room for development. In particular, distinguishing a large number of occluded objects of the same class is a highly challenging problem, which is seen in a robotic bin-picking. In a usual bin-picking scene, many identical objects are stacked together and the model of the objects is known. Thus, the semantic information can be ignored; instead, the focus in the bin-picking is put on the segmentation of instances. Based on this task requirement, we propose a Fast Point Cloud Clustering (FPCC) for instance segmentation of bin-picking scene. FPCC includes a network named FPCC-Net and a fast clustering algorithm. FPCC-net has two subnets, one for inferring the geometric centers for clustering and the other for describing features of each point. FPCC-Net extracts features of each point and infers geometric center points of each instance simultaneously. After that, the proposed clustering algorithm clusters the remaining points to the closest geometric center in feature embedding space. Experiments show that FPCC also surpasses the existing works in bin-picking scenes and is more computationally efficient. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/xyjbaal/FPCC.
description: Neurocomputing (2022)
Tactile Sensing and Grasping Through Thin-Shell Buckling
Creators: name: Barvenik, Kieran
name: Coogan, Zachary
name: Librandi, Gabriele
name: Pezzulla, Matteo
name: Tubaldi, Eleonora
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2024

description: Soft and lightweight grippers have greatly enhanced the performance of robotic manipulators in handling complex objects with varying shape, texture, and stiffness. However, the combination of universal grasping with passive sensing capabilities still presents challenges. To overcome this limitation, a fluidic soft gripper is introduced based on the buckling of soft, thin hemispherical shells. Leveraging a single fluidic pressure input, the soft gripper can grasp slippery and delicate objects while passively providing information on this physical interaction. Guided by analytical, numerical, and experimental tools, the novel grasping principle of this mechanics-based soft gripper is explored. First, the buckling behavior of a free hemisphere is characterized as a function of its geometric parameters. Inspired by the free hemisphere's two-lobe mode shape ideal for grasping purposes, it is demonstrated that the gripper can perform dexterous manipulation and gentle gripping of fragile objects in confined spaces and underwater environments. Last, the soft gripper's embedded capability of detecting contact, grasping, and release conditions during the interaction with an unknown object is proved. This simple buckling-based soft gripper opens new avenues for the design of adaptive gripper morphologies with tactile sensing capabilities for applications ranging from medical and agricultural robotics to space and underwater exploration.
Guía de Buenas Prácticas para la Compra de Medicamentos en Hospitales Públicos
Creators: name: Centro de Pensamiento Medicamentos Información y Poder
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Las palancas de valor en compras son acciones que al ser ejecutadas permiten a los compradores obtener mayor valor por dinero en los procesos de contratación y la eficiencia en la ejecución de recursos públicos. La literatura especializada identifica múliples palancas de valor aplicables a la compra de medicamentos, con eficacia comprobada. Sin embargo, su relevancia debe ser evaluada caso a caso a fin de seleccionar aquellas palancas que generen el mayor valor con el menor esfuerzo. 

Esta gula explica seis palancas de valor en compras de medicamentos y los pasos a seguir para determinar si es relevante aplicarlas y cómo hacerlo. Es importante anotar que es posible la aplicación de más de una palanca y que puede hacerse de manera simultánea En la guía también se explican los principios para la estimación de necesidades en el abastecimiento de medicamentos.
Supp_Figure_8 from Temporal patterns of local adaptation in soil Pseudomonads
Creators: name: Kraemer, Susanne A.
name: Rees Kassen
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Strong divergent selection leading to local adaptation is often invoked to explain the staggering diversity of bacteria in microbial ecosystems. However, examples of specialization by bacterial clones to alternative niches in nature are rare. Here, we investigate the extent of local adaptation in natural isolates of Pseudomonads and their relatives to their soil environments across both space and time. Though most isolates grew well in most environments, patchily distributed low-quality environments were found to drive specialization. In contrast with experimental evolution work on microbial adaptation, temporal adaptation was stronger than spatial adaptation among the isolates and environments we sampled. Time-shift analysis of fitness across two seasons of growth revealed an unexpectedly strong effect of preadaptation. This pattern of apparent future adaptation may be caused by unknown abiotic properties of these environments, phages, bacterial competitors or general mechanisms of ecological niche release, and warrants future study.
Real-time full-field imaging through scattering media by all-optical feedback
Creators: name: Chriki, Ronen
name: Mahler, Simon
name: Tradonsky, Chene
name: Friesem, Asher A.
name: Davidson, Nir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Full-field imaging through scattering media is fraught with many challenges. Despite many achievements in recent years, current imaging methods are too slow to deal with fast dynamics that occur for example in biomedical imaging. Here we present an ultra-fast all-optical method, where the object to be imaged and the scattering medium (diffuser) are inserted into a highly multimode self-imaging laser cavity. We show that the intra-cavity laser light from the object is mainly focused onto specific regions of the scattering medium where the phase variations are low. Thus, round trip loss within the laser cavity is minimized, thereby overcoming most of the scattering effects. The method is exploited to image objects through scattering media whose diffusion angle is lower than the numerical aperture of the laser cavity. As our method is based on optical feedback inside a laser cavity, it can deal with temporal variations that occur on timescales as short as several cavity round trips, with an upper bound of 200 ns.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
Different perceptual worlds: Parent and youth perspectives on parenting outcome trajectories from a Latino family-based program
Creators: name: Hurtado Choque, Ghaffar Ali
name: Kim, HaeDong
name: Epstein, Norman B.
name: Garcia-Huidobro, Diego
name: Svetaz, Maria Veronica
name: Allen, Michele L.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2024

description: Discrepancies between parent and youth perceptions of their relationship are a common aspect of generational acculturation gaps influencing immigrant families. Programs designed to strengthen parenting practices among immigrant Latino families commonly address immigration stresses, including differences between parent and youth perceptions, but little is known about discrepancies in their appraisals of program effects on parenting behavior. A randomized trial was conducted examining effects on parent behavior of a program for immigrant families with youth aged 10–14, developed through community-based participatory research principles. Families (346 parents and youth) were recruited by organizations serving Latino families in a Midwestern metropolitan area and randomly assigned to the eight-session psychoeducation and skill-building program or a waitlist control. Parents and youth completed self-report measures at pre-intervention, post-intervention (4 months), and a 6-month follow-up regarding parents' expression of acceptance, efforts to solicit information about the child's experiences, and consistency of discipline, key foci of the program. Based on social cognition theory, the study focused on possible differences in parents' and youths' perceptions of change in parenting behavior. Parents in the treatment group reported pre-post improved acceptance, consistent discipline, and solicitation, whereas youth reported improvement only in parental solicitation, a pattern maintained at follow-up. In the control group, the only change was youth-reported reduction in parental acceptance. Parents' perceptions of improvement are encouraging, but overall lack of improvements from the youth perspective poses a potential problem for impact on parent–child relations. Interventions may need to target both parent and youth cognitions about behavior changes directly.
Parametrization of Quark and Gluon Generalized Parton Distributions in a Dynamical Framework
Creators: name: Kriesten, Brandon
name: Velie, Philip
name: Yeats, Emma
name: Lopez, Fernanda Yepez
name: Liuti, Simonetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a parametrization of the chiral even generalized parton distributions, $H$, $E$, $\widetilde{H}$, $\widetilde{E}$, for the quark, antiquark and gluon, in the perturbative QCD-parton framework. Parametric analytic forms are given as a function of two equivalent sets of variables $x,ξ,t$ (symmetric frame) and $X,ζ,t$ (asymmetric frame), at an initial scale, $Q_o^2$. In the $X>ζ$ region a convenient and flexible form is obtained as the product of a Regge term $\propto X^{-α+ α' t}$, describing the low $X$ behavior, times a spectator model-based functional form depending on various mass parameters; the behavior at $X
description: 28 pages, 19 figures
On the shear-driven surfactant layer instability
Creators: name: Mizev, Aleksey
name: Shmyrov, Andrey
name: Shmyrova, Anastasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure and stability of the convective flow generated by a source located at the water surface containing an insoluble surfactant layer are experimentally investigated. Application of a few types of source, which differ in the force driving the interface, and two surfactants with different rheological properties made it possible to generalize the results and to develop a unified approach to describing the flow patterns observed in this study. It is shown that, regardless of source type and surfactant used, the problem under consideration can be completely described in terms of two non-dimensional parameters. The first is the elasticity number introduced earlier by Homsy and Meiburg (J. Fluid Mech., v.139, 1984). This parameter is the ratio of two shear stresses formed at the interface by surfactant and source, and it defines the formation of the convective zone at the center nearby the source and the size of the stagnant zone at the periphery. The second, called the surface Rayleigh number, is introduced for the first time in this paper. It is responsible for the appearance of the multi-vortex flow structure within the stagnant zone. We suppose that this structure occurs as a result of the mechanical equilibrium instability of the surfactant layer under the action of the momentum flux transported from the subphase by the viscous mechanism. Based on our results and those reported earlier by other researchers, we have determined the critical value of the surface Rayleigh number and analyzed the possibility and conditions for the occurrence of this instability, called by us the shear-driven surfactant layer (SDSL) instability, by addressing some problems of interfacial hydrodynamics.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures
Decomposition of the SU(2) gauge field in the Maximal Abelian gauge
Creators: name: Bornyakov, V. G.
name: Kudrov, I.
name: Rogalyov, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study decomposition of $SU(2)$ gauge field into monopole and monopoleless components. After fixing the Maximal Abelian gauge in $SU(2)$ lattice gauge theory we decompose the nonabelian gauge field into the Abelian field created by monopoles and the modified nonabelian field with monopoles removed. We then calculate respective static potentialis and show that the potential due to the modified nonabelian field is nonconfining while, as is well known, the Abelian field produces linear potential. We further find that the sum of these potentials approximates the nonabelian static potential with good precision at all distances considered. We conclude that at large distances the monopole field potential describes the classical energy of the hadronic string while the static potential due to the modified nonabelian field describes the string fluctuations energy.
description: 6 pages, 10 figures (one figure added). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:hep-lat/0512003
Sparse Sampling Kaczmarz-Motzkin Method with Linear Convergence
Creators: name: Yuan, Ziyang
name: Zhang, Hui
name: Wang, Hongxia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The randomized sparse Kaczmarz method was recently proposed to recover sparse solutions of linear systems. In this work, we introduce a greedy variant of the randomized sparse Kaczmarz method by employing the sampling Kaczmarz-Motzkin method, and prove its linear convergence in expectation with respect to the Bregman distance in the noiseless and noisy cases. This greedy variant can be viewed as a unification of the sampling Kaczmarz-Motzkin method and the randomized sparse Kaczmarz method, and hence inherits the merits of these two methods. Numerically, we report a couple of experimental results to demonstrate its superiority
Magnetized Taub-NUT spacetime
Creators: name: Siahaan, Haryanto M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find an exact solution describing the spacetime outside a massive object with NUT parameter embedded in an external magnetic field. To get the solution, we employ the Ernst magnetization transformation to the Taub-NUT metric as the seed solution. The massless limit of this new solution is the Melvin-Taub-NUT spacetime. Some aspects in the magnetized Taub-NUT spacetime are investigated, such as the surface geometry, the existence of closed time like curve, and the electromagnetic properties.
description: 24 pages, 15 figures; a section added; v4
Separating Polarization from Noise: Comparison and Normalization of Structural Polarization Measures
Creators: name: Salloum, Ali
name: Chen, Ted Hsuan Yun
name: Kivelä, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantifying the amount of polarization is crucial for understanding and studying political polarization in political and social systems. Several methods are used commonly to measure polarization in social networks by purely inspecting their structure. We analyse eight of such methods and show that all of them yield high polarization scores even for random networks with similar density and degree distributions to typical real-world networks. Further, some of the methods are sensitive to degree distributions and relative sizes of the polarized groups. We propose normalization to the existing scores and a minimal set of tests that a score should pass in order for it to be suitable for separating polarized networks from random noise. The performance of the scores increased by 38%-220% after normalization in a classification task of 203 networks. Further, we find that the choice of method is not as important as normalization, after which most of the methods have better performance than the best-performing method before normalization. This work opens up the possibility to critically assess and compare the features and performance of different methods for measuring structural polarization.
Symmetries, constants of the motion and reduction of mechanical systems with external forces
Creators: name: de León, Manuel
name: Lainz, Manuel
name: López-Gordón, Asier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53Z05, 70F40, 70H33

description: This paper is devoted to the study of mechanical systems subjected to external forces in the framework of symplectic geometry. We obtain a Noether's theorem for Lagrangian systems with external forces, among other results regarding symmetries and conserved quantities. We particularize our results for the so-called Rayleigh dissipation, i.e., external forces that are derived from a dissipation function, and illustrate them with some examples. Moreover, we present a theory for the reduction of Lagrangian systems subjected to external forces which are invariant under the action of a Lie group.
description: 29 pages, submitted to J. Math. Phys
Supp_Figure_5 from Temporal patterns of local adaptation in soil Pseudomonads
Creators: name: Kraemer, Susanne A.
name: Rees Kassen
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Strong divergent selection leading to local adaptation is often invoked to explain the staggering diversity of bacteria in microbial ecosystems. However, examples of specialization by bacterial clones to alternative niches in nature are rare. Here, we investigate the extent of local adaptation in natural isolates of Pseudomonads and their relatives to their soil environments across both space and time. Though most isolates grew well in most environments, patchily distributed low-quality environments were found to drive specialization. In contrast with experimental evolution work on microbial adaptation, temporal adaptation was stronger than spatial adaptation among the isolates and environments we sampled. Time-shift analysis of fitness across two seasons of growth revealed an unexpectedly strong effect of preadaptation. This pattern of apparent future adaptation may be caused by unknown abiotic properties of these environments, phages, bacterial competitors or general mechanisms of ecological niche release, and warrants future study.
Direction-sensitive dark matter search with a low-background gaseous detector NEWAGE-0.3b''
Creators: name: Ikeda, Tomonori
name: Nakamura, Kiseki
name: Shimada, Takuya
name: Yakabe, Ryota
name: Hashimoto, Takashi
name: Ishiura, Hirohisa
name: Nakamura, Takuma
name: Ito, Hiroshi
name: Ichimura, Koichi
name: Abe, Ko
name: Kobayashi, Kazuyoshi
name: Tanimori, Toru
name: Kubo, Hidetoshi
name: Takada, Atsushi
name: Sekiya, Hiroyuki
name: Takeda, Atsushi
name: Miuchi, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NEWAGE is a direction-sensitive dark matter search using a low-pressure gaseous time projection chamber. A low alpha-ray emission rate micro pixel chamber had been developed in order to reduce background for dark matter search. We conducted the dark matter search at the Kamioka Observatory in 2018. The total live time was 107.6 days corresponding to an exposure of 1.1 kg${\cdot}$days. Two events remained in the energy region of 50-60 keV which was consistent with 2.5 events of the expected background. A directional analysis was carried out and no significant forward-backward asymmetry derived from the WIMP-nucleus elastic scatterings was found. Thus a 90% confidence level upper limit on Spin-Dependent WIMP-proton cross section of 50 pb for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2 was derived. This limit is the most stringent yet obtained from direction-sensitive dark matter search experiments.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Blastoderm segmentation in Oncopeltus fasciatus and the evolution of insect segmentation mechanisms
Creators: name: Stahi, Reut
name: Chipman, Ariel D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Embryos knocked down for Dl through maternal RNAi, fixed 36-38 hours after egg laying and stained for the expression of eve, inv and wg. In all three cases expression is similar to wildtype.
Enabling Dataflow Optimization for Quantum Programs
Creators: name: Ittah, David
name: Häner, Thomas
name: Kliuchnikov, Vadym
name: Hoefler, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.4

description: We propose an IR for quantum computing that directly exposes quantum and classical data dependencies for the purpose of optimization. The Quantum Intermediate Representation for Optimization (QIRO) consists of two dialects, one input dialect and one that is specifically tailored to enable quantum-classical co-optimization. While the first employs a perhaps more intuitive memory-semantics (quantum operations act as side-effects), the latter uses value-semantics (operations consume and produce states). Crucially, this encodes the dataflow directly in the IR, allowing for a host of optimizations that leverage dataflow analysis. We discuss how to map existing quantum programming languages to the input dialect and how to lower the resulting IR to the optimization dialect. We present a prototype implementation based on MLIR that includes several quantum-specific optimization passes. Our benchmarks show that significant improvements in resource requirements are possible even through static optimization. In contrast to circuit optimization at run time, this is achieved while incurring only a small constant overhead in compilation time, making this a compelling approach for quantum program optimization at application scale.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables. To be published in ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing - Special Issue on Software Tools for Quantum Computing
Unveiling the three-dimensional spin texture of skyrmion tubes
Creators: name: Wolf, Daniel
name: Schneider, Sebastian
name: Rößler, Ulrich K.
name: Kovács, András
name: Schmidt, Marcus
name: Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E.
name: Büchner, Bernd
name: Rellinghaus, Bernd
name: Lubk, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic skyrmions are stable topological solitons with complex non-coplanar spin structures. Their nanoscopic size and the low electric currents required to initiate and control their motion has opened a new field of research, skyrmionics, that aims at using skyrmions as information carriers for data storage and manipulation. Recent advances in skyrmionics prompt for a thorough understanding of the detailed three-dimensional (3D) spin texture of a skyrmion including skyrmion-skyrmion interactions and their coupling to surfaces and interfaces. These properties crucially affect application-related aspects such as the stability and mobility of skyrmions in confined structures. To date, however, experimental techniques to measure the three-dimensional spin texture with nanometer resolution are largely missing. We therefore adapt holographic vector field electron tomography to the problem and report on the first quantitative reconstruction of the 3D spin texture of skyrmions with sub-10 nanometer resolution. The reconstructed textures reveal a variety of previously unseen local deviations from a homogeneous Bloch character within the skyrmion tubes (SkTs), details of the collapse of the skyrmion texture at surfaces, and a correlated modulation of the SkT in FeGe along their tube axes. The quantitative 3D data of the magnetic induction also allow to experimentally confirm some principles of skyrmion formation by deriving spatially resolved maps of the magnetic energy density across these magnetic solitons.
Visco-elastodynamics at large strains Eulerian
Creators: name: Roubíček, Tomáš
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K55, 35Q74, 74A30, 74B20, 74H20, 76A10

description: Isothermal visco-elastodynamics in the Kelvin-Voigt rheology is formulated in the spatial Eulerian coordinates in terms of velocity and deformation gradient. A generally nonconvex (possibly also frame-indifferent) stored energy is admitted. The model involves a nonlinear 2nd-grade nonsimple (multipolar) viscosity so that the velocity field is well regular. To simplify analytical arguments, volume variations of the solid material are assumed to be only rather small so that the mass density is constant, exploiting the concept of semi-compressible materials. Existence of weak solutions is proved by using the Galerkin method combined with a suitable regularization, using nontrivial results about transport by smooth velocity fields.
Quantum Consensus Dynamics by Entangling Maxwell Demon
Creators: name: Ryu, Sungguen
name: López, Rosa
name: Toral, Raúl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a Maxwell demon which generates many-body entanglement robustly against bit-flip noises, which allows us to obtain quantum advantage. Adopting the protocol of the voter model used for opinion dynamics approaching consensus, the demon randomly selects a qubit pair and performs a quantum feedback control, in continuous repetitions. We derive upper bounds of the entropy reduction and the work extraction rates by demon's operation, which are determined by a competition between the quantum-classical mutual information acquired by the demon and the absolute irreversibility of the feedback control. Our finding of the upper bounds corresponds to a reformulation of the second law of thermodynamics under a class of Maxwell demon which generates many-body entanglement in a working substance.
description: An upper bound and example of work extraction are added. The presentation is improved
Supplement from Genetic basis of priority effects: insights from nectar yeast
Creators: name: Manpreet K. Dhami
name: Hartwig, Thomas
name: Fukami, Tadashi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplement contains additional analyses, Supplementary Figures (S1-10) and Supplementary Tables S1-3