cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A multi-decadal record of oceanographic changes of the past ~165 years (1850-2015 AD) from Northwest of Iceland
Creators: name: Simon, Margit H.
name: Muschitiello, Francesco
name: Tisserand, Amandine A.
name: Olsen, Are
name: Moros, Matthias
name: Perner, Kerstin
name: Bårdsnes, Siv Tone
name: Dokken, Trond M.
name: Jansen, Eystein
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Ecology and environmental sciences
subject: Earth sciences
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extending oceanographic data beyond the instrumental period is highly needed to better characterize and understand multi-decadal to centennial natural ocean variability. Here, a stable isotope record at unprecedented temporal resolution (1 to 2 years) from a new marine core retrieved off western North Iceland is presented. We aim to better constrain the variability of subsurface, Atlantic-derived Subpolar Mode Water (SPMW), using near surface-dwelling planktic foraminifera and Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) mass changes using benthic foraminifera over the last ~165 years. The reconstruction overlaps in time with instrumental observations and a direct comparison reveals that the δ18O record of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma is reliably representing temperature fluctuations in the SPMWs. Trends in the N. pachyderma δ13C record match the measured phosphate concentration in the upper 200 m on the North Icelandic Shelf well. Near surface-dwelling foraminifera trace anthropogenic CO2 in the Iceland Sea by ~ 1950 ± 8, however, a reduced amplitude shift in the Marine Suess effect is identified. We argue that this is caused by a contemporary ongoing increase in marine primary productivity in the upper ocean due to enhanced Greenland’s freshwater discharge that has contributed to a nutrient-driven fertilization since the 1940s/50s (Perner et al., 2019). Multi-decadal variability is detected. We find that the 16-year periodicity evident in SPMW and AIWs based on the δ18O of N. pachyderma and M. barleeanum is a signal of SST anomalies propagated into the Nordic Seas via the Atlantic inflow branches around Iceland. Spectral analyses of the planktic foraminiferal δ13C signal indicate intermittent 30-year cycles that are likely reflecting the ocean response to atmospheric variability, presumably the East Atlantic Pattern. A long-term trend in benthic δ18O suggests that Atlantic-derived waters are expanding their core within the water column from the subsurface into deeper intermediate depths towards the present day. This is a result of increased transport by the North Icelandic Irminger Current to the North Iceland Shelf over the historical era.
The quasilocal degrees of freedom of Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Gomes, Henrique
name: Riello, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gauge theories possess nonlocal features that, in the presence of boundaries, inevitably lead to subtleties. We employ geometric methods rooted in the functional geometry of the phase space of Yang-Mills theories to: (1) characterize a basis for quasilocal degrees of freedom (dof) that is manifestly gauge-covariant also at the boundary; (2) tame the non-additivity of the regional symplectic forms upon the gluing of regions; and to (3) discuss gauge and global charges in both Abelian and non-Abelian theories from a geometric perspective. Naturally, our analysis leads to splitting the Yang-Mills dof into Coulombic and radiative. Coulombic dof enter the Gauss constraint and are dependent on extra boundary data (the electric flux); radiative dof are unconstrained and independent. The inevitable non-locality of this split is identified as the source of the symplectic non-additivity, i.e. of the appearance of new dof upon the gluing of regions. Remarkably, these new dof are fully determined by the regional radiative dof only. Finally, a direct link is drawn between this split and Dirac's dressed electron.
description: V4, Published version: only minor changes wrt V3, which featured instead major improvements. 73pp + appendices + list of symbols. SciPost is a non-profit, two-way open access publication portal featuring peer-witnessed refereeing
MOESM4 of Rapid adaptation of signaling networks in the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae
Creators: name: Bohnert, Stefan
name: Antelo, Luis
name: Grünewald, Christiane
name: Yemelin, Alexander
name: Andresen, Karsten
name: Jacob, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S3. Mycelium dry weight of the Magnaporthe oryzae wildtype strain, mutants with inactivated components of the HOG signaling cascade and the “adapted” strains after growth in liquid culture upon sorbitol-stress. The fungal colonies were grown in 250 ml complete medium inclusive 1,5 M sorbitol for 6 d at 26 °C and 120 rpm. Error bars represent the standard deviation of three biological replicates of each strain.
Weierstrass P-lumps
Creators: name: Cova, RJ
name: Zakrzewski, WJ
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our results of a numerical investigation of the behaviour of a system of two solitons in the (2+1) dimensional $CP^1$ model on a torus. Defined by the elliptic function of Weierstrass, and working in the Skyrme version of the model, the soliton lumps exhibit splitting, scattering at right angles and motion reversal in the various configurations considered. The work is restricted to systems with no initial velocity.
description: 22 pages, including 13 figures. TO appear in the Eur. Phys. Jour. B
Daedalma inconspicua subsp. onorei Pyrcz 2011, n. ssp.
Creators: name: Pyrcz, Tomasz W.
name: Greeney, Harold F.
name: Willmott, Keith R.
name: Wojtusiak, Janusz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Daedalma
Daedalma inconspicua
Daedalma inconspicua onorei pyrcz

description: Daedalma inconspicua onorei Pyrcz, n. ssp.
(Figs. 5B, 11D)
 Material examined: ECUADOR: HOLOTYPE male: Cotopaxi, Pilaló, Carretera Nueva, 3000–3050 m, 03.IX.2004, T. Pyrcz leg., red, rectangular label saying: Holotype, MZUJ.
 Description: MALE (Fig. 5B): Head, thorax and abdomen: not differing from nominate subspecies. Wings: FW length: 28 mm; HW costal lobe more prominent than in nominate and other subspecies; FWD and HWD dark greyish brown, same as in orientalis, lighter than in other west Andean subspecies; FWV lighter postdiscal area in M3-Cu1, Cu1-Cu2 connected to a small lighter discal cell patch by a narrow neck, similar to nominate and cuencana n.ssp. a faint reddish suffusion in median area along discal cell vein, somewhat reminiscent of nominate subspecies; HWV ground colour distinctively olive green, differing from other subspecies, with a wide, rather uniform median area, devoid of any pattern of black or brown lines apparent in other subspecies. Genitalia (Fig. 11D): Uncus gently arched, about the length of the dorsum of tegumen; gnathos half the length of uncus; saccus wide, shallower than in other subspecies except in orientalis; valvae the length of tegumen + uncus, ampulla smooth, a prominent apical spine-like process; aedeagus not differing from other subspecies.
FEMALE: Unknown.
 Etymology: This subspecies is dedicated to Giovanni Onore, an Italian entomologist and professor of entomology and director of the Museo de Entomología for many years at the Universidad Católica in Quito, a great promoter of conservation of natural Andean environments, and a friend of the authors.
 Remarks: Daedalma inonspicua onorei is known so far only from the type specimen collected above Pilaló. Despite that, in our opinion it is justified to consider this specimen as representing a separate subspecies in view of apparently important differences in the wing colour pattern, especially the highly distinctive olive green HWV, not found in any other subspecies.
description: Published as part of Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Greeney, Harold F., Willmott, Keith R. & Wojtusiak, Janusz, 2011, 2898, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 2898 on page 34
Positive Mathematical Programming Approach for Ex-post Evaluation of Set Aside in Italy
Creators: name: Arfini, Filippo
name: Donati, Michele
name: Zuppiroli, Marco
name: Paris, Quirino
name: Arfini, Filippo
name: Donati, Michele
name: Zuppiroli, Marco
name: Paris, Quirino
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: PMP
subject: Regional Model
subject: Set aside
subject: Policy Evaluation

description: The purpose of this paper is to describe the characteristics of a model used for estimate the counterfactual effects of set aside policy in Italy. For this purpose it is used a regional model based on “positive” information contained in two different databases - FADN and IACSAGEA (an Italian administrative databank), and an evolution of PMP approach able to reproduce and properly simulate the entrepreneurial behaviour in each region. The paper clarifies in detail the procedure used in order to merge two different database and the main issue of the model useful for the proposed ex-post evaluation of relevant policy scenarios applied in agriculture.
A RAC-GEF network critical for early intestinal tumourigenesis
Creators: name: Pickering, K. A.
name: Gilroy, K.
name: Cassidy, J. W.
name: Fey, S. K.
name: Najumudeen, A. K.
name: Zeiger, L. B.
name: Vincent, D. F.
name: Gay, D. M.
name: Johansson, J.
name: Fordham, R. P.
name: Miller, B.
name: Clark, W.
name: Hedley, A.
name: Unal, E. B.
name: Kiel, C.
name: McGhee, E.
name: Machesky, L. M.
name: Nixon, C.
name: Johnsson, A. E.
name: Bain, M.
name: Strathdee, D.
name: Van Hoof, S. R.
name: Medema, J. P.
name: Anderson, K. I.
name: Brachmann, S. M.
name: Stucke, V. M.
name: Malliri, A.
name: Drysdale, M.
name: Turner, M.
name: Serrano, L.
name: Myant, K.
name: Campbell, A. D.
name: Sansom, O. J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/67/70
/631/67/1504/1885/1393
/38/91
/13/51
/13/106
/14/33
/64/60
article

description: Abstract: RAC1 activity is critical for intestinal homeostasis, and is required for hyperproliferation driven by loss of the tumour suppressor gene Apc in the murine intestine. To avoid the impact of direct targeting upon homeostasis, we reasoned that indirect targeting of RAC1 via RAC-GEFs might be effective. Transcriptional profiling of Apc deficient intestinal tissue identified Vav3 and Tiam1 as key targets. Deletion of these indicated that while TIAM1 deficiency could suppress Apc-driven hyperproliferation, it had no impact upon tumourigenesis, while VAV3 deficiency had no effect. Intriguingly, deletion of either gene resulted in upregulation of Vav2, with subsequent targeting of all three (Vav2−/−Vav3−/−Tiam1−/−), profoundly suppressing hyperproliferation, tumourigenesis and RAC1 activity, without impacting normal homeostasis. Critically, the observed RAC-GEF dependency was negated by oncogenic KRAS mutation. Together, these data demonstrate that while targeting RAC-GEF molecules may have therapeutic impact at early stages, this benefit may be lost in late stage disease.
Formulae for the Derivative of the Poincaré Constant of Gibbs Measures
Creators: name: Sieber, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J60 (Primary) 82B21, 35P15, 47A55 (Secondary)

description: We establish formulae for the derivative of the Poincaré constant of Gibbs measures on both compact domains and all of $\R^d$. As an application, we show that if the (not necessarily convex) Hamiltonian is an increasing function, then the Poincaré constant is strictly decreasing in the inverse temperature, and vice versa. Applying this result to the $O(2)$ model allows us to give a sharpened upper bound on its Poincaré constant. We further show that this model exhibits a qualitatively different zero-temperature behavior of the Poincaré and Log-Sobolev constants.
description: Accepted version, 19 pages, 2 figures
MOESM1 of Effects of exenatide and open-label SGLT2 inhibitor treatment, given in parallel or sequentially, on mortality and cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: insights from the EXSCEL trial
Creators: name: Clegg, Lindsay
name: Penland, Robert
name: Bachina, Srinivas
name: Boulton, David
name: Thuresson, Marcus
name: Hiddo Heerspink
name: Gustavson, Stephanie
name: C. Sjöström
name: Ruggles, James
name: Hernandez, Adrian
name: Buse, John
name: Mentz, Robert
name: Rury Holman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Total participant-years of SGLT2i exposure in the full EXSCEL trial by drug and trial arm. Table S2. Pre-match clinical characteristics of EXSCEL participants at trial baseline. Table S3. Detailed events, follow-up durations, and hazard ratios for exenatide + SGLT2i vs. placebo comparison in propensity-matched cohorts. Table S4. Detailed events, follow-up durations, and hazard ratios for exenatide + SGLT2i vs. exenatide comparison in propensity-matched cohorts. Table S5. Time-to-event exenatide QW + SGLT2i vs. placebo comparison in propensity-matched cohorts with overlapping SGLT2i and study drug use. Table S6. Time-to-event exenatide QW + SGLT2i vs. exenatide QW comparison in propensity-matched cohorts with overlapping SGLT2i and study drug use. Table S7. Time-to-event exenatide QW + SGLT2i vs. placebo comparison in propensity-matched cohorts censoring at open-label GLP-1 RA use. Table S8. Time-to-event exenatide QW + SGLT2i vs. exenatide QW comparison in propensity- matched cohorts censoring at open-label GLP-1 RA use. Figure S1. Participant flow chart. Figure S2. SGLT2i and study drug usage details. Figure S3. Balance of confounders before and after propensity matching. Figure S4. Propensity score distributions before and after matching. Figure S5. Kaplan–Meier curves for MACE, nonfatal MI, and nonfatal stroke. Figure S6. Kaplan–Meier curves for ACM and CV death. Figure S7. Kaplan–Meier curves for HHF and HHF + CV death. Figure S8. Kaplan–Meier curves for renal composites. Figure S9. Kaplan–Meier curves for serious hypoglycemia and amputation. Figure S10. Distributions of hazard ratio estimates when matching is repeated. Figure S11. Geometric mean (+/− standard error) eGFR slope before and after matching in the propensity-matched cohorts.
Modelling the Effects of Partial Decoupling on Crop and Fodder Area And Ruminant Supply in the EU: Current State and Outlook
Creators: name: Balkhausen, Oliver
name: Banse, Martin
name: Grethe, Harald
name: Nolte, Stephan
name: Balkhausen, Oliver
name: Banse, Martin
name: Grethe, Harald
name: Nolte, Stephan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Various simulation models uniformly project a decline of the cereal and silage maize area as well as ruminant production in the EU-15 in the course of decoupling of direct payments. In contrast, model results are heterogeneous with respect to the direction of the decoupling effect on oilseed and pasture as well as voluntary set aside area. The model type (behavioural partial or general equilibrium model, or programming model) is not found to have a systematic effect on model results. It is rather the ad hoc assumptions about the effectiveness of direct payments on production which differ widely and drive model results to a large extent.
Dark Group: Dark Energy and Dark Matter
Creators: name: de la Macorra, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility that a dark group, a gauge group with particles interacting with the standard model particles only via gravity, is responsible for containing the dark energy and dark matter required by present day observations. We show that it is indeed possible and we determine the constrains for the dark group. The non-perturbative effects generated by a strong gauge coupling constant can de determined and a inverse power law scalar potential IPL for the dark meson fields is generated parameterizing the dark energy. On the other hand it is the massive particles, e.g. dark baryons, of the dark gauge group that give the corresponding dark matter. The mass of the dark particles is of the order of the condensation scale $Λ_c$ and the temperature is smaller then the photon's temperature. The dark matter is of the warm matter type. The only parameters of the model are the number of particles of the dark group. The allowed values of the different parameters are severely restricted. The dark group energy density at $Λ_c$ must be $ \Omdgc \leq 0.17$ and the evolution and acceptable values of dark matter and dark energy leads to a constrain of $\Lmc$ and the IPL parameter $n$ giving $Λ_c=O(1-10^3) eV$ and $0.28 \leq n \leq 1.04$.
description: LaTeX 10 pages, 1 figure. Minor changes. Accepted in PLB
Kink-antikink scattering in the $ϕ^4$ model without static intersoliton forces
Creators: name: Adam, C.
name: Oles, K.
name: Romanczukiewicz, T.
name: Wereszczynski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kink-antikink scattering in the $ϕ^4$ model is investigated in the limit when the static inter-soliton force vanishes. We observe the formation of spectral walls and, further, identify a new phenomenon, the vacuum wall, whose existence gives rise to a bouncing structure for the annihilating solitons. Furthermore, we discover higher order spectral walls, i.e., spectral walls which form when higher harmonics enter the continuous spectrum. These higher order spectral walls not only deform the soliton trajectories, they also can be observed easily as very intense radiation bursts.
DBI in the IR
Creators: name: Mezincescu, Luca
name: Townsend, Paul K
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper
A Passion for Theoretical Physics: In Memory of Peter G O Freund
D-brane
tensionless
conformal
electrodynamics

description: Abstract: The infra-red limit of a planar static D3-brane in AdS is a tensionless D3-brane at the anti-de Sitter horizon with dynamics governed by a strong-field limit of the Dirac–Born–Infeld action, analogous to that found from the Born–Infeld action by Bialynicki-Birula. As in that case, the field equations are those of an interacting 4D conformal invariant field theory with an electromagnetic duality invariance, but the D3-brane origin makes these properties manifest. We also find an -invariant action for these equations.
Flowing with the Temporal Renormalisation Group
Creators: name: Corell, Lukas
name: Cyrol, Anton K.
name: Heller, Markus
name: Pawlowski, Jan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the far-from-equilibrium evolution of $ϕ^3$-theory in $1+1$ dimensions with the temporal functional renormalisation group \cite{Gasenzer:2007za, Gasenzer:2010rq}. In particular, we show that this manifestly causal approach leads to novel one-loop exact equations for fully dressed correlation functions. Within this setup, we numerically compute the dynamical propagator. Its behaviour suggests self-similarity far from equilibrium in a restricted momentum regime. We discuss the scaling exponents for our solution, as well as the numerical satisfaction of energy and particle number conservation. We also derive a simple exact representation of the expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor solely in terms of the propagator.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures. v2: Added comments in Secs. II and III, added refs, corrected typos
GC content shapes mRNA storage and decay in human cells
Creators: name: Courel, Maïté
name: Clément, Yves
name: Bossevain, Clémentine
name: Foretek, Dominika
name: Vidal Cruchez, Olivia
name: Yi, Zhou
name: Bénard, Marianne
name: Benassy, Marie-Noëlle
name: Kress, Michel
name: Vindry, Caroline
name: Ernoult-Lange, Michèle
name: Antoniewski, Christophe
name: Morillon, Antonin
name: Brest, Patrick
name: Hubstenberger, Arnaud
name: Roest Crollius, Hugues
name: Standart, Nancy
name: Weil, Dominique
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Research Article
Chromosomes and Gene Expression
P-bodies
post-transcriptional regulation
mRNA storage
mRNA decay
codon usage
GC content
Human

description: Funder: Canceropôle PACA; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006331
description: Funder: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268
description: Funder: Isaac Newton Trust; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004815
description: Funder: Fondation Philippe Wiener - Maurice Anspach; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003138
description: mRNA translation and decay appear often intimately linked although the rules of this interplay are poorly understood. In this study, we combined our recent P-body transcriptome with transcriptomes obtained following silencing of broadly acting mRNA decay and repression factors, and with available CLIP and related data. This revealed the central role of GC content in mRNA fate, in terms of P-body localization, mRNA translation and mRNA stability: P-bodies contain mostly AU-rich mRNAs, which have a particular codon usage associated with a low protein yield; AU-rich and GC-rich transcripts tend to follow distinct decay pathways; and the targets of sequence-specific RBPs and miRNAs are also biased in terms of GC content. Altogether, these results suggest an integrated view of post-transcriptional control in human cells where most translation regulation is dedicated to inefficiently translated AU-rich mRNAs, whereas control at the level of 5’ decay applies to optimally translated GC-rich mRNAs.
Community Detection Across Multiple Social Networks based on Overlapping Users
Creators: name: Zhu, Ziqing
name: Zhou, Tao
name: Jia, Chenghao
name: Liu, Weijia
name: Cao, Jiuxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the rapid development of Internet technology, online social networks (OSNs) have got fast development and become increasingly popular. Meanwhile, the research works across multiple social networks attract more and more attention from researchers, and community detection is an important one across OSNs for online security problems, such as the user behavior analysis and abnormal community discovery. In this paper, a community detection method is proposed across multiple social networks based on overlapping users. First, the concept of overlapping users is defined, then an algorithm CMN NMF is designed to discover the stub communities from overlapping users based on the social relevance. After that, we extend each stub community in different social networks by adding the users with strong similarity, and in the end different communities are excavated out across networks. Experimental results show the advantage on effectiveness of our method over other methods under real data sets.
Local Hole revisited: evidence for bulk motions and self-consistent outflow
Creators: name: Shanks, T.
name: Hogarth, L. M.
name: Metcalfe, N.
name: Whitbourn, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit our mapping of the `Local Hole', a large underdensity in the local galaxy redshift distribution that extends out to redshift, $z\approx0.05$ and a potential source of outflows that may perturb the global expansion rate and thus help mitigate the present `$H_0$ tension'. First, we compare local peculiar velocities measured via the galaxy average redshift-magnitude Hubble diagram, $\bar{z}(m)$, with a simple dynamical outflow model based on the average underdensity in the Local Hole. We find that this outflow model is in good agreement with our peculiar velocity measurements from $\bar{z}(m)$ and not significantly inconsistent with SNIa peculiar velocity measurements from at least the largest previous survey. This outflow could cause an $\approx2-3$\% increase in the local value of Hubble's constant. Second, considering anisotropic motions, we find that the addition of the outflow model may improve the $\bar{z}(m)$ fit of a bulk flow where galaxies are otherwise at rest in the Local Group frame. We conclude that the Local Hole plus neighbouring overdensities such as the Shapley Supercluster may cause outflow and bulk motions out to $\approx150$h$^{-1}$Mpc that are cosmologically significant and that need to be taken into account in estimating Hubble's constant.
description: 7 Pages, 3 Figures, 1 Table, improved referencing, now accepted by MNRAS
How Will Decreasing Subsistence Production Affect Future Dairy Markets in the Central European Countries?
Creators: name: Banse, Martin
name: Grethe, Harald
name: Banse, Martin
name: Grethe, Harald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Milk Quota

description: This paper presents an approach to depict subsistence production of milk in a partial equilibrium sector model and applies this approach to Poland, Bulgaria and Romania in the European Simulation Model (ESIM). The restriction on milk production implied by the EU milk quota in a situation with increasing market demand along with decreasing subsistence production and consumption, potentially drives up prices for nontradable dairy products in the Central European Countries (CECs), and results in significantly lower net exports and lower production than if these countries do not accede to the EU. Results presented should be taken as tentative and in no way final as the empirical foundation of many of the relevant parameters is weak.
Analysis of the Czech and Slovak Agricultural Markets under Alternative CAP Scenarios - AG-MEMOD Modelling Approach
Creators: name: Bartova, Lubica
name: Pokrivcak, Jan
name: Ciaian, Pavel
name: Foltyn, Ivan
name: Zednickova, Ida
name: Bartova, Lubica
name: Pokrivcak, Jan
name: Ciaian, Pavel
name: Foltyn, Ivan
name: Zednickova, Ida
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: accession
subject: modelling
subject: CAP
subject: pork
subject: potatoes

description: The paper presents the results of research focusing on the modelling the impact of the EU enlargement on agriculture of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The research has been conducted under the AG-MEMOD of the 5th Framework Programme. The Czech Republic and Slovakia joined the European Union (EU) in May 2004 and became part of the single European agricultural market. The impacts of three scenarios (non-accession and two accession scenarios with SAPS and SPS introduction) are investigated. The paper concentrates mostly on pig and potato sectors. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is expected to adversely affect these two sectors. This is expected to be the case especially in Slovakia. The main reason is that these sectors faced higher domestic prices and higher support level before accession, while accession will lead to a limited support and price decline. Also continued restructuring is an additional factor that will affect these sectors after accession.
Challenges of Incorporating EU Enlargement and CAP Reform in the GOLD Model Framework
Creators: name: Binfield, Julian
name: Meyers, William H.
name: Westhoff, Patrick
name: Binfield, Julian
name: Meyers, William H.
name: Westhoff, Patrick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: enlargement
subject: policy reform
subject: modeling

description: There cannot have been many circumstances that have challenged the modeller of agricultural markets to the extent that the developments in the EU in recent years have. The enlargement of the EU involving a large number of countries, with important agricultural sectors, many emerging from a volatile transition from centrally planning, raises many issues. Moreover this is occurring at a time of radical reform of the CAP, with the substantial decoupling of payments, an area that has attracted some research but provides little concrete guidance for sector level modellers. In this paper the challenges of each of these developments are outlined and their importance to the sector addressed. Some strategies in dealing with the issues and the impact on the model results are evaluated.
Association of puberty timing with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Cheng, Tuck Seng
name: Day, Felix R.
name: Lakshman, Rajalakshmi
name: Ong, Ken K.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: People and places

description: Background: Emerging studies have investigated the association between puberty timing, particularly age at menarche (AAM), and type 2 diabetes. However, whether this association is independent of adiposity is unclear. We aimed to systematically review published evidence on the association between puberty timing and type 2 diabetes (T2D) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), with and without adjustment for adiposity, and to estimate the potential contribution of puberty timing to the burden of T2D in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods and findings: We searched PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases for publications until February 2019 on the timing of any secondary sexual characteristic in boys or girls in relation to T2D/IGT. Inverse-variance-weighted random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool reported estimates, and meta-regression was used to explore sources of heterogeneity. Twenty-eight observational studies were identified. All assessed AAM in women (combined N = 1,228,306); only 1 study additionally included men. In models without adjustment for adult adiposity, T2D/IGT risk was lower per year later AAM (relative risk [RR] = 0.91, 95% CI 0.89–0.93, p < 0.001, 11 estimates, n = 833,529, I2 = 85.4%) and higher for early versus later menarche (RR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.25–1.55, p < 0.001, 23 estimates, n = 1,185,444, I2 = 87.8%). Associations were weaker but still evident in models adjusted for adiposity (AAM: RR = 0.97 per year, 95% CI 0.95–0.98, p < 0.001, 12 estimates, n = 852,268, I2 = 51.8%; early menarche: RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.11–1.28, p < 0.001, 21 estimates, n = 890,583, I2 = 68.1%). Associations were stronger among white than Asian women, and in populations with earlier average AAM. The estimated population attributable risk of T2D in white UK women due to early menarche unadjusted and adjusted for adiposity was 12.6% (95% CI 11.0–14.3) and 5.1% (95% CI 3.6–6.7), respectively. Findings in this study are limited by residual and unmeasured confounding, and self-reported AAM. Conclusions: Earlier AAM is consistently associated with higher T2D/IGT risk, independent of adiposity. More importantly, this research has identified that a substantial proportion of T2D in women is related to early menarche, which would be expected to increase in light of global secular trends towards earlier puberty timing. These findings highlight the need to identify the underlying mechanisms linking early menarche to T2D/IGT risk.
Observation of Phase Fluctuations in Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Dettmer, S.
name: Hellweg, D.
name: Ryytty, P.
name: Arlt, J. J.
name: Ertmer, W.
name: Sengstock, K.
name: Petrov, D. S.
name: Shlyapnikov, G. V.
name: Kreutzmann, H.
name: Santos, L.
name: Lewenstein, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The occurrence of phase fluctuations due to thermal excitations in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) is studied for a variety of temperatures and trap geometries. We observe the statistical nature of the appearence of phase fluctuations and characterize the dependence of their average value on temperature, number of particles and the trapping potential. We find pronounced phase fluctuations for condensates in very elongated traps in a broad temperature range. The results are of great importance for the realization of BEC in quasi 1D geometries, for matter wave interferometry with BECs, as well as for coherence properties of guided atom laser beams.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Direct Laser Ion Acceleration and Above-Threshold Ionization at Intensities from $10^{21}$ W/cm$^{2}$ to $3 \times 10^{23}$ W/cm$^{2}$
Creators: name: Yandow, Andrew
name: Toncian, Toma
name: Ditmire, Todd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculations on the dynamics of ions and electrons in near-infrared laser fields at intensities up to $3 \times 10^{23}$ W/cm$^2$ are presented. We explore the acceleration of ions in a laser focus by conservation of canonical momentum during ionization events and by the ponderomotive force in the f/1 focal geometry required to reach such intensity. At intensity exceeding 10$^{23}$ W/cm$^2$, highly charged ions are expelled from the laser focus before they can interact with the laser pulse at peak intensity, decreasing the predicted ionization yields of deeply-bound states. We consider the interaction of a tightly-focused, f/1 laser pulse with krypton at an intensity of $3 \times 10^{23}$ W/cm$^{2}$ and a pulse duration of 140 fs. We find that the ions and electrons are accelerated to energies in excess of 2 MeV/nucleon and 1.4 GeV, respectively. Ponderomotive expulsion of the parent ions decreases the total number of ultra-relativistic ATI electrons produced by tunneling ionization from the K-shell states of krypton but does not change their energy spectrum.
description: V2: Typos corrected, references added. Some explanation in the Ionization Dynamics and Discussion Sections are added
title: Eine statistische Analyse des Effekts von verpflichtenden Tests an Schulen mit Präsenzunterricht im Vergleich zum Distanzunterricht
Creators: name: Berger, Ursula
name: Fritz, Cornelius
name: Kauermann, Göran
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2021

description: Ziel der Studie Die Arbeit untersucht den Effekt der Maßnahme verpflichtender Covid-19 Tests für den Präsenzunterricht an Schulen. In Bayern gilt diese Testpflicht seit Ende der Osterferien 2021. Für die erste Woche nach den Osterferien ergibt sich ein natürliches Experiment, das uns erlaubt den Effekt der Testpflicht an Schule auf die Meldeinzidenz zu quantifizieren. Methoden Wir vergleichen die Änderungen der 7-Tage-Meldeinzidenz von Neuinfektionen pro 100000 Einwohner zwischen Kreisen mit und ohne Präsenzunterricht. Für Landkreise und kreisfreie Städte, deren Meldeinziden zum Stichtag unter 100 lag, konnte in Kalenderwoche 15 Präsenzunterricht in geteilten Klassen bei Testpflicht stattfinden. Dazu haben sich Schulkinder in den Klassen mit Antigen-Schnelltest getestet. Daten zu den Testergebnissen der Schnelltests an den Schulen liegen uns nicht vor. Bei positivem Testergebnis im Antigen-Schnelltest wurde der Verdachtsfall mit einem PCR-Test überprüft. Positive PCR-Testergebnisse liegen auf Kreisebene in den betrachteten Altersgruppen als Meldeinzidenzen vor. In den Kalenderwochen 13 und 14 fand in Bayern wegen der Osterferien kein Schulunterricht an Schulen statt. Berücksichtigt man eine Latenzzeit von etwa 3 Tagen und eine Meldedauer von 1-2 Tagen, so kann ein stärkerer Anstieg der Meldeinzidenzen in Kreisen mit Präsenzunterricht bei Testpflicht nicht (bzw. nur vernachlässigbar) auf Infektionen an Schulen zurückgeführt werden, sondern spiegelt eine Reduktion der Dunkelziffer durch die Testpflicht wider. Ergebnisse Die Meldeinzidenz erhöht sich in Kreisen mit Präsenzunterricht und Testpflicht an Schulen um den Faktor 4.5 bei 5-11 Jährigen bzw. 1.8 bei 12-20 Jährigen. Dieser Anstieg geht einher mit einer Reduktion der Dunkelziffer und ist signifikant im Vergleich zu Kreisen mit Distanzunterricht. Aufgrund der gegebenen Situation eines natürlichen Experiments ist diese Steigerung der Meldeinzidenz in der Altersgruppe der Schulkinder der Maßnahme den Reihentests an Schulen mit Präsenzunterricht zuzuschreiben. Für denselben Zeitraum zeigen sich keinerlei Unterschiede in den Meldeinzidenzen für andere Altersgruppen. Schlussfolgerung Präsenzunterricht mit Testpflicht ändert die Rolle der Schulen in der Pandemie. Die Analysen zeigen, dass die Öffnung der Schulen mit einem verpflichtenden Testkonzept aus epidemiologischer Sicht von Vorteil ist, da damit die Dunkelziffer von COVID-19 Infektionen unter den Schülerinnen und Schülern drastisch gesenkt werden kann.
Stellar populations in local star-forming galaxies. II.-Recent star formation properties and stellar masses
Creators: name: Perez-Gonzalez, P. G.
name: de Paz, A. Gil
name: Zamorano, J.
name: Gallego, J.
name: Alonso-Herrero, A.
name: Aragon-Salamanca, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the integrated properties of the stellar populations in the Universidad Complutense de Madrid Survey galaxies. Applying the techniques described in the first paper of this series, we derive ages, burst masses and metallicities of the newly-formed stars in our sample galaxies. The population of young stars is responsible for the Halpha emission used to detect the objects in the UCM Survey. We also infer total stellar masses and star formation rates in a consistent way taking into account the evolutionary history of each galaxy. We find that an average UCM galaxy has a total stellar mass of ~1E10 Msun, of which about 5% has been formed in an instantaneous burst occurred about 5 Myr ago, and sub-solar metallicity. Less than 10% of the sample shows massive starbursts involving more than half of the total mass of the galaxy. Several correlations are found among the derived properties. The burst strength is correlated with the extinction and with the integrated optical colours for galaxies with low obscuration. The current star formation rate is correlated with the gas content. A stellar mass-metallicity relation is also found. Our analysis indicates that the UCM Survey galaxies span a broad range in properties between those of galaxies completely dominated by current/recent star formation and those of normal quiescent spirals. We also find evidence indicating that star-formation in the local universe is dominated by galaxies considerably less massive than L*.
description: 19 pages, 17 PostScript figures, minor changes to match the published version
Improving the Epoch of Reionization Power Spectrum Results from Murchison Widefield Array Season 1 Observations
Creators: name: Barry, N.
name: Wilensky, M.
name: Trott, C. M.
name: Pindor, B.
name: Beardsley, A. P.
name: Hazelton, B. J.
name: Sullivan, I. S.
name: Morales, M. F.
name: Pober, J. C.
name: Line, J.
name: Greig, B.
name: Byrne, R.
name: Lanman, A.
name: Li, W.
name: Jordan, C. H.
name: Joseph, R. C.
name: McKinley, B.
name: Rahimi, M.
name: Yoshiura, S.
name: Bowman, J. D.
name: Gaensler, B. M.
name: Hewitt, J. N.
name: Jacobs, D. C.
name: Mitchell, D. A.
name: Shankar, N. Udaya
name: Sethi, S. K.
name: Subrahmanyan, R.
name: Tingay, S. J.
name: Webster, R. L.
name: Wyithe, J. S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of 21 cm Epoch of Reionization (EoR) structure are subject to systematics originating from both the analysis and the observation conditions. Using 2013 data from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), we show the importance of mitigating both sources of contamination. A direct comparison between results from Beardsley et al. 2016 and our updated analysis demonstrates new precision techniques, lowering analysis systematics by a factor of 2.8 in power. We then further lower systematics by excising observations contaminated by ultra-faint RFI, reducing by an additional factor of 3.8 in power for the zenith pointing. With this enhanced analysis precision and newly developed RFI mitigation, we calculate a noise-dominated upper limit on the EoR structure of $Δ^2 \leq 3.9 \times 10^3$ mK$^2$ at $k=0.20$ $\textit{h}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ and $z=7$ using 21 hr of data, improving previous MWA limits by almost an order of magnitude.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, published in ApJ, updated title and text
Energy Relaxation in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam Arrays
Creators: name: Reigada, R.
name: Sarmiento, A.
name: Lindenberg, Katja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of energy relaxation in thermalized one- and two-dimensional arrays with nonlinear interactions depend in detail on the interactions and, in some cases, on dimensionality. We describe and explain these differences for arrays of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam type. In particular, we focus on the roles of harmonic contributions to the interactions and of breathers in the relaxation process.
2-Hydroxyglutarate Metabolism Is Altered in an in vivo Model of LPS Induced Endotoxemia
Creators: name: Fitzpatrick, Susan F.
name: Lambden, Simon
name: Macias, David
name: Puthucheary, Zudin
name: Pietsch, Sandra
name: Mendil, Lee
name: McPhail, Mark J. W.
name: Johnson, Randall S.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 2-hydroxyglutarate
subject: endotoxemia
subject: sepsis
subject: hypothermia
subject: 2-hydroxygluterate dehydrogenase
subject: iNOS

description: The metabolic response to endotoxemia closely mimics those seen in sepsis. Here, we show that the urinary excretion of the metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is dramatically suppressed following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in vivo, and in human septic patients. We further show that enhanced activation of the enzymes responsible for 2-HG degradation, D- and L-2-HGDH, underlie this effect. To determine the role of supplementation with 2HG, we carried out co-administration of LPS and 2HG. This co-administration in mice modulates a number of aspects of physiological responses to LPS, and in particular, protects against LPS-induced hypothermia. Our results identify a novel role for 2HG in endotoxemia pathophysiology, and suggest that this metabolite may be a critical diagnostic and therapeutic target for sepsis.
Nebula-Relay Hypothesis: Primitive Life in Nebula and Origin of Life on Earth
Creators: name: Feng, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A modified version of panspermia theory, named Nebula-Relay hypothesis or local panspermia, is introduced to explain the origin of life on Earth. Primitive life, acting as the seeds of life on Earth, originated at pre-solar epoch through physicochemical processes and then filled in the pre-solar nebula after the death of pre-solar star. Then the history of life on the Earth can be divided into three epochs: the formation of primitive life in the pre-solar epoch; pre-solar nebula epoch; the formation of solar system and the Earth age of life. The main prediction of our model is that primitive life existed in the pre-solar nebula (even in the current nebulas) and the celestial body formed therein (i.e. solar system).
description: 11 pages
Drowsiness Detection for Office-based Workload with Mouse and Keyboard Data
Creators: name: Natnithikarat, Sanurak
name: Lamyai, Sirakorn
name: Leelaarporn, Pitshaporn
name: Kunaseth, Narin
name: Autthasan, Phairot
name: Wisutthisen, Thayakorn
name: Wilaiprasitporn, Theerawit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Non-invasive devices involved in the detection of drowsiness generally include infrared camera and Electroencephalography (EEG), of which sometimes are constrained in an actual real-life scenario deployments and implementations such as in the working office environment. This study proposes a combination using the biometric features of keyboard and mouse movements and eye tracking during an office-based tasks to detect and evaluate drowsiness according to the self-report Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS) questionnaire. Using machine learning models, the results demonstrate a correlation between the predicted KSS from the biometrics and the actual KSS from the user input, indicating the feasibility of evaluating the office workers' drowsiness level of the proposed approach.
An Initial Analysis of Adoption of Animal Welfare Guidelines on the U.S. Egg Industry
Creators: name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Miranowski, John
name: Carbone, Roxana
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Miranowski, John
name: Carbone, Roxana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: animal welfare
subject: egg production
subject: supply control

description: Animal welfare activists have succeeded in persuading egg purchasers to purchase only eggs that are produced according to new animal welfare guidelines. This agreement will increase the cost of producing eggs that are sold in the shell. To date, the guidelines do not apply to eggs that are broken and further processed. This agreement creates a bifurcated market: high-cost eggs in the shell and lowcost eggs that are processed. We conduct a qualitative analysis of the effects on consumers and producers from creation of this new market structure. Restricting the movement of low-cost eggs into the in-shell market in periods of peak demand will increase the price of in-shell eggs and will decrease the price of eggs destined for processing in these periods. Winners from adopting this restriction are those producers who produce only for the inshell market. Losers from this restriction are producers who only produce for the processing market. We are currently undertaking a companion study that will provide estimates of the magnitude of the gains and losses from this new market structure.