cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Signatures of misalignment in x-ray cavities of cavity-based x-ray free-electron lasers
Creators: name: Qi, Peng
name: Shvyd'ko, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cavity-based x-ray free-electron lasers (CBXFEL) will allow use of optical cavity feedback to support generation of fully coherent x-rays of high brilliance and stability by electrons in undulators. CBXFEL optical cavities comprise Bragg-reflecting flat crystal mirrors, which ensure x-rays circulation on a closed orbit, and x-ray refractive lenses, which stabilize the orbit and refocus the x-rays back on the electrons in the undulator. Depending on the cavity design, there are tens of degrees of freedom of the optical elements, which can never be perfectly aligned. Here, we study signatures of misalignment of the optical components and of the undulator source with the purposes of understanding the effects of misalignment on x-ray beam dynamics, understanding misalignment tolerances, and developing cavity alignment procedures. Betatron oscillations of the x-ray beam trajectory (both symmetric and asymmetric) are one of the characteristic signatures of cavity misalignment. The oscillation period is in the general case a non-integer number of round-trip passes of x-rays in the cavity. This period (unlike the amplitude and offset of the oscillations) is independent of the type of misalignment and is defined by cavity parameters. The studies are performed on an example of a four-crystal rectangular cavity using analytical and numerical wave optics as well as ray-tracing techniques. Both confocal and generic stable cavity types are studied.
description: 20 pages, 24 figures
Quantum orders in the frustrated Ising model on the bathroom tile lattice
Creators: name: Hearth, Sumner N.
name: Morampudi, Siddhardh C.
name: Laumann, Chris R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the zero and finite temperature phase diagram of the fully frustrated quantum Ising model on the bathroom tile (4-8) lattice. The phase diagram exhibits a wealth of 2+1d physics, including 1. classical Coulomb dimer liquids of both square and triangular lattice types; 2. quantum order-by-disorder induced phases breaking $\mathbb{Z}_4$, $\mathbb{Z}_6$, and $\mathbb{Z}_8$ symmetries; 3. finite temperature Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) phases floating over the $\mathbb{Z}_6$ and $\mathbb{Z}_8$ orders; and, 4. staircases of (in)-commensurate symmetry breaking phases at intermediate coupling. We establish this elaborate phase diagram using a combination of dimer model mapping, perturbation theory, Landau analysis and Stochastic Series Expansion Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC-SSE). Our results provide a baseline for studying frustrated magnetism with D-Wave architecture annealers, where the 4-8 lattice can be embedded naturally without `cloning', reducing the number of competing energy scales. Simulations with the D-Wave 2000Q demonstrate qualitative agreement with the high temperature portion of the phase diagram, but are unable to access the low temperature phases.
description: 14 pages, 20 figures
Building a Synthetic Vascular Model: Evaluation in an Intracranial Aneurysms Detection Scenario
Creators: name: Nader, Rafic
name: Autrusseau, Florent
name: L'Allinec, Vincent
name: Bourcier, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We hereby present a full synthetic model, able to mimic the various constituents of the cerebral vascular tree, including the cerebral arteries, bifurcations and intracranial aneurysms. This model intends to provide a substantial dataset of brain arteries which could be used by a 3D convolutional neural network to efficiently detect Intra-Cranial Aneurysms. The cerebral aneurysms most often occur on a particular structure of the vascular tree named the Circle of Willis. Various studies have been conducted to detect and monitor the aneurysms and those based on Deep Learning achieve the best performance. Specifically, in this work, we propose a full synthetic 3D model able to mimic the brain vasculature as acquired by Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Time Of Flight principle. Among the various MRI modalities, this latter allows for a good rendering of the blood vessels and is non-invasive. Our model has been designed to simultaneously mimic the arteries' geometry, the aneurysm shape, and the background noise. The vascular tree geometry is modeled thanks to an interpolation with 3D Spline functions, and the statistical properties of the background noise is collected from angiography acquisitions and reproduced within the model. In this work, we thoroughly describe the synthetic vasculature model, we build up a neural network designed for aneurysm segmentation and detection, finally, we carry out an in-depth evaluation of the performance gap gained thanks to the synthetic model data augmentation.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. on Medical Imaging. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2403.18734
Improving voting turnout by under-represented groups
Creators: name: Hoffman, Robert
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The problem of understanding and encouraging electoral participation has attracted significant attention from researchers and policy makers. Yet, there is a widespread assumption that in Australia the matter was effectively solved by the introduction of compulsory enrolment in 1911 and compulsory voting in 1924 (for example Johnston and Forrest 2009: 525), to the degree that the Australian electoral system is often presented as a ‘best-practice’ example in reform contexts (Hill 2004). Indeed, the consistently high levels of turnout at federal elections over the past three quarters of a century appear to support this conclusion. Voter turnout at federal general elections has averaged 94.9 percent since 1925, and has never dropped below the 91.3 percent recorded in that initial compulsory election. This strong trend has continued through to the present day, with turnout for the House of Representatives reaching a high of 95.8 percent in 1996 and averaging 94.4 percent over the subsequent five elections.
title: Emerging reporting and verification needs under the Paris Agreement: How can the research community effectively contribute?
title: Emerging reporting and verification needs under the Paris Agreement: How can the research community effectively contribute?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Perugini, Lucia
name: Pellis, Guido
name: Grassi, Giacomo
name: Günther, Dirk
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Klimaänderung
Treibhausgasinventar

description: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories represent the link between national and international political actions on climate change, and climate and environmental sciences. Inventory agencies need to include, in national GHG inventories, emission and removal estimates based on scientific data following specific reporting guidance under the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement, using the methodologies defined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines. Often however, research communities and inventory agencies have approached the problem of climate change from different angles and by using terminologies, metrics, rules and approaches that do not always match. This is particularly true dealing with "Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry" (LULUCF), the most challenging among the inventory sectors to deal with, mainly because of high level of complexity of its carbon dynamics and the difficulties in disaggregating the fluxes between those caused by natural and anthropogenic processes. In this paper, we facilitate the understanding by research communities of the current (UNFCCC) and future (under the Paris Agreement) reporting requirements, and we identify the main issues and topics that should be considered when targeting improvement of the GHG inventory. In relation to these topics, we describe where and how the research community can contribute to producing useful inputs, data, methods and solutions for inventory agencies and policy makers, on the basis of available literature. However, a greater effort by both communities is desirable for closer cooperation and collaboration, for data sharing and the understanding of respective and common aims. © 2021 The Authors.
Cryptops Leach 1815
Creators: name: Dyachkov, Yurii V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Scolopendromorpha
Cryptopidae
Cryptops

description: Genus Cryptops Leach, 1815
 Type species: Scolopendra hortensis Donovan, 1810 (by monotypy) (Schileyko et al. 2020).
description: Published as part of Dyachkov, Yurii V., 2022, An annotated checklist of Chilopoda from Afghanistan, pp. 8-24 in Ecologica Montenegrina 53 on page 13, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.53.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13240337
Virtual Oncology Appointments during the Initial Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Survey of Patient Perspectives
Creators: name: Loree, Jonathan M.
name: Dau, Hallie
name: Rebić, Nevena
name: Howren, Alyssa
name: Gastonguay, Louise
name: McTaggart-Cowan, Helen
name: Gill, Sharlene
name: Raghav, Kanwal
name: De Vera, Mary
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: There has been rapid implementation of virtual oncology appointments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in its first wave. Our objective was to assess patterns and perspectives towards virtual oncology appointments during the pandemic among patients with cancer undergoing active treatment. We conducted an international Internet-based cross-sectional survey. Participants were eligible if they (1) were ≥18 years of age; (2) had been diagnosed with cancer (3) were currently undergoing cancer treatment, and (4) spoke English or French. Between 23 April 2020 and 9 June 2020, 381 individuals accessed the survey, with 212 actively undergoing treatment for cancer, including 27% with colorectal, 21% with breast, 7% with prostate and 7% with lung cancer. A total of 52% of respondents were from Canada and 35% were from the United States. Many participants (129, 62%) indicated having had a virtual oncology appointment during the COVID-19 pandemic and most were satisfied with their experience (83%). We found older participants (≥50 years; adjusted OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.85 compared to 12 months) were less likely to be satisfied with virtual oncology appointments. Virtual health platforms used differed across countries with higher telephone use in Canada (87%) and other countries (86%) as compared to the United States (54%; p-value < 0.05), where there was higher use of video conferencing. Altogether, our findings demonstrate favorable patient perspectives towards virtual oncology appointments experienced during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Leadership trajectory: did the Aurora Leadership Institute make a difference?
Creators: name: Tairi, Kim
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The Aurora Leadership Institute started in 1995 its mandate 'to position leaders as dynamic and effective voices in our sophisticated information environment.' Since then many librarians and others who work in the information industry have completed the program. As a 2006 graduate who made life changing decisions post-Aurora, I have often reflected on whether going to Aurora changed or boosted my leadership trajectory and whether other Aurorans had experiences similar to mine. Last year, using surveys, interviews and focus groups, I asked Aurora graduates about their experiences post-Aurora and whether the program had equipped them to meet their own leadership aspirations and the expectations of their employers. I really wanted to know whether they perceived themselves as more effective leaders now and if the program had helped them along the way. This paper will present the findings of a small-scale study. Many of the stories told are quite personal. As expected a significant number of those who participated in the study have gone on to become senior managers. Some left the profession and others made momentous decisions about their professional and private lives. The study does however answer the question - did Aurora make a difference. Many of the participants are on their way to becoming leaders in the profession and others have arrived.
The Double Descent Behavior in Two Layer Neural Network for Binary Classification
Creators: name: Abeykoon, Chathurika S
name: Beknazaryan, Aleksandr
name: Sang, Hailin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent studies observed a surprising concept on model test error called the double descent phenomenon, where the increasing model complexity decreases the test error first and then the error increases and decreases again. To observe this, we work on a two layer neural network model with a ReLU activation function designed for binary classification under supervised learning. Our aim is to observe and investigate the mathematical theory behind the double descent behavior of model test error for varying model sizes. We quantify the model size by the ratio of number of training samples to the dimension of the model. Due to the complexity of the empirical risk minimization procedure, we use the Convex Gaussian Min Max Theorem to find a suitable candidate for the global training loss.
A High Phase-Space Density Gas of NaCs Feshbach Molecules
Creators: name: Lam, Aden Z.
name: Bigagli, Niccolò
name: Warner, Claire
name: Yuan, Weijun
name: Zhang, Siwei
name: Tiemann, Eberhard
name: Stevenson, Ian
name: Will, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the creation of ultracold gases of bosonic Feshbach molecules of NaCs. The molecules are associated from overlapping gases of Na and Cs using a Feshbach resonance at 864.12(5) G. We characterize the Feshbach resonance using bound state spectroscopy, in conjunction with a coupled-channel calculation. By varying the temperature and atom numbers of the initial atomic mixtures, we demonstrate the association of NaCs gases over a wide dynamic range of molecule numbers and temperatures, reaching 70 nK for our coldest systems and a phase-space density near 0.1. This is an important stepping-stone for the creation of degenerate gases of strongly dipolar NaCs molecules in their absolute ground state.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, supplemental material
Selection and Micropropagation of an Elite Melatonin Rich Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) Germplasm Line
Creators: name: Shukla, Mukund R.
name: Kibler, Annaliese
name: Turi, Christina
name: Erland, Lauren
name: Sullivan, J. Alan
name: Murch, S. J. (Susan J.)
name: Saxena, Praveen K.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) is a sacred plant of medicinal and spiritual significance in many cultures. Medicinal properties of Tulsi are ascribed to its phytochemicals with antioxidant capabilities. The current study was undertaken to screen a large seed population of Tulsi to select germplasm lines with high antioxidant potential and to standardize protocols for micropropagation and biomass production to produce a phytochemically consistent crop. A total of 80 germplasm lines were established under in vitro conditions and screened for their antioxidant potential determined with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) bioassay. The micropropagation of a selected line, named Vrinda, was established using nodal cultures grown on Murashige and Skoog medium containing benzylaminopurine (1.1 µM), gibberellic acid (0.3 µM), and activated charcoal (0.6%). The antioxidant phytohormones melatonin and serotonin were quantified in the field and greenhouse grown tissues of Vrinda and melatonin levels were found to be consistent in both conditions with higher serotonin levels under field conditions. This integrated approach combining the in vitro selection and propagation offers potential applications in the development of safe, effective, and novel natural health products of Tulsi, and many other medicinal plant species.
title: Nonlinear Interferometry: A New Approach for Imaging and Sensing
Creators: name: Fuenzalida, Jorge
name: Giese, Enno
name: Gräfe, Markus
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2024

description: Nonlinear interferometers are a ubiquitous tool in quantum photonics. As such, they allow spooky‐like imaging with undetected light. On the one side their working principle is based on the principle of induced coherence, which is deeply rooted in the heart of quantum mechanics. On the other side, they bear the strong potential to serve as new tool for biomedical imaging. In this review, an extensive overview about nonlinear interferometers and their working principle is given. A particular focus is set on their exploitation for quantum imaging and sensing. In addition, related side topics and further application fields as well as perspectives are provided.
Air pollution at human scales in an urban environment
Creators: name: Gerwig, Holger
name: Schneidemesser, Erika Von
name: Steinmar, Kristina
name: Weatherhead, Elizabeth C.
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Luftverunreinigung
Exposition
Infrastruktur
Anzahlkonzentration
Politik
Innenstadt

description: Air pollution is a global challenge causing millions of premature deaths annually. This is limited not only to developing, but also developed nations, with cities in particular struggling to meet air quality limit values to adequately protect human health. Total exposure to air pollution is often disproportionately affected by the relatively short amount of time spent commuting or in the proximity of traffic. In this exploratory work, we conducted measurements of particle number concentrations using a DiscMini by bicycle. Eighteen tracks with accompanying video footage were analyzed and a suite of factors classified and quantified that influence exposure to air pollution. A method was developed to account for variations in the ambient average concentrations per trip that allowed for comparison across all tracks. Large differences in ultra-localized air pollution levels were identified and quantified for factors such as street type, environmental surroundings, and vehicle type. The occurrence of one or more non-passenger car vehicles, including e.g., buses, mopeds, or trucks, result in an increase in particulate concentrations of 30% to 40% relative to the average ambient level. High traffic situations, such as traffic jams or cars waiting at traffic lights, result in increased particulate concentrations (+47% and +35%, respectively). Cycling in residential neighborhoods decreased particulate number concentrations by 17% relative to the ambient average level, and by 22% when cycling through green spaces or parks. Such information is valuable for citizens who may want to reduce their air pollution exposure when moving through a city, but also for policy makers and urban planners who make or influence infrastructure decisions, to be able to reduce exposure and better protect human health, while progress is made to reduce air pollution levels overall. © 2019 The Authors
Full rotational symmetry from reflections or rotational symmetries in finitely many subspaces
Creators: name: Bianchi, Gabriele
name: Gardner, Richard J.
name: Gronchi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F55, 22E15, 51F15, 51F25, 52A20

description: Two related questions are discussed. The first is when reflection symmetry in a finite set of $i$-dimensional subspaces, $i\in \{1,\dots,n-1\}$, implies full rotational symmetry, i.e., the closure of the group generated by the reflections equals $O(n)$. For $i=n-1$, this has essentially been solved by Burchard, Chambers, and Dranovski, but new results are obtained for $i\in \{1,\dots,n-2\}$. The second question, to which an essentially complete answer is given, is when (full) rotational symmetry with respect to a finite set of $i$-dimensional subspaces, $i\in \{1,\dots,n-2\}$, implies full rotational symmetry, i.e., the closure of the group generated by all the rotations about each of the subspaces equals $SO(n)$. The latter result also shows that a closed set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ that is invariant under rotations about more than one axis must be a union of spheres with their centers at the origin.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures. The core of this paper was Section 3 of arXiv:1908.03259v2 and will be published separately following the suggestion of a referee. Some proofs are shorter and clearer (Lemma 3.1 and Theorem 3.2), others are completely different and much shorter (the symmetry extension lemma, now Lemma 3.7). In version 2 some typos have been corrected
СВОЙСТВА БИТУМОВ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ РАЗЛИЧНЫМИ СПОСОБАМИ
Creators: name: Махмудов, М.Ж.
name: Салойдинов, А.А.
name: Хасанов, С.К.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Концентрирование нефтяных остатков путём перегонки их в вакууме в присутствии водяного пара или инертного газа (при переработке тяжёлых асфальтосмолистых нефтей остаточные битумы получают атмосферной перегонкой).
Asanada Meinert 1886
Creators: name: Dyachkov, Yurii V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Scolopendromorpha
Scolopendridae
Asanada

description: Genus Asanada Meinert, 1886
 Type species: Asanada brevicornis Meinert, 1886 (by monotypy) (Bonato et al. 2016).
description: Published as part of Dyachkov, Yurii V., 2022, An annotated checklist of Chilopoda from Afghanistan, pp. 8-24 in Ecologica Montenegrina 53 on page 15, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.53.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13240337
title: Quantum Field Theory for Multipolar Composite Bosons with Mass Defect and Relativistic Corrections
Creators: name: Asano, Tobias
name: Giese, Enno
name: Di Pumpo, Fabio
Publisher: name: American Physical Society (APS)
Year: 2024

description: Atomic high-precision measurements have become a competitive and essential technique for tests of fundamental physics, the Standard Model, and our theory of gravity. It is therefore self-evident that such measurements call for a consistent relativistic description of atoms that eventually originates from quantum field theories like quantum electrodynamics. Most quantum metrological approaches even postulate effective field-theoretical treatments to describe a precision enhancement through techniques like squeezing. However, a consistent derivation of interacting atomic quantum gases from an elementary quantum field theory that includes both the internal structure as well as the center of mass of atoms, has not yet been addressed. We present such a subspace effective field theory for interacting, spin carrying, and possibly charged ensembles of atoms composed of nucleus and electron that form composite bosons called cobosons, where the interaction with light is included in a multipolar description. Relativistic corrections to the energy of a single coboson, light-matter interaction, and the scattering potential between cobosons arise in a consistent and natural manner. In particular, we obtain a relativistic coupling between the coboson’s center-of-mass motion and internal structure encoded by the mass defect. We use these results to derive modified bound-state energies, including the motion of ions, modified scattering potentials, a relativistic extension of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and the mass defect applicable to atomic clocks or quantum clock interferometry.
Statistical Analysis Based Feature Selection Enhanced RF-PUF with >99.8% Accuracy on Unmodified Commodity Transmitters for IoT Physical Security
Creators: name: Bari, Md Faizul
name: Agrawal, Parv
name: Chatterjee, Baibhab
name: Sen, Shreyas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.6.5; D.4.6

description: Due to the diverse and mobile nature of the deployment environment, smart commodity devices are vulnerable to various attacks which can grant unauthorized access to a rogue device in a large, connected network. Traditional digital signature-based authentication methods are vulnerable to key recovery attacks, CSRF, etc. To circumvent this, RF-PUF had been proposed as a promising alternative that utilizes the inherent nonidealities of the devices as physical signatures. RF-PUF offers a robust authentication method that is resilient to key-hacking methods due to the absence of secret key requirements and does not require any additional circuitry on the transmitter end, eliminating additional power, area, and computational burden. In this work, for the first time, we analyze the effectiveness of RF-PUF on commodity devices, purchased off-the-shelf, without any modifications whatsoever. Data were collected from 30 Xbee S2C modules and released as a public dataset. A new feature has been engineered through statistical property analysis. With a new and robust feature set, it has been shown that 95% accuracy can be achieved using only ~1.8 ms of test data, reaching >99.8% accuracy with more data and a network of higher model capacity, without any assisting digital preamble. The design space has been explored in detail and the effect of the wireless channel has been determined. The performance of some popular ML algorithms has been compared with the NN approach. A thorough investigation on various PUF properties has been done and both intra and inter-PUF distances have been calculated. With extensive testing of 41238000 cases, the detection probability for RF-PUF for our data is found to be 0.9987, which, for the first time, experimentally establishes RF-PUF as a strong authentication method. Finally, the potential attack models and the robustness of RF-PUF against them have been discussed.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, we have made our dataset (used in this work) public and available at: https://github.com/SparcLab/Sparclab-RF-PUF-Dataset
Strongly Topology-preserving GNNs for Brain Graph Super-resolution
Creators: name: Singh, Pragya
name: Rekik, Islem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Brain graph super-resolution (SR) is an under-explored yet highly relevant task in network neuroscience. It circumvents the need for costly and time-consuming medical imaging data collection, preparation, and processing. Current SR methods leverage graph neural networks (GNNs) thanks to their ability to natively handle graph-structured datasets. However, most GNNs perform node feature learning, which presents two significant limitations: (1) they require computationally expensive methods to learn complex node features capable of inferring connectivity strength or edge features, which do not scale to larger graphs; and (2) computations in the node space fail to adequately capture higher-order brain topologies such as cliques and hubs. However, numerous studies have shown that brain graph topology is crucial in identifying the onset and presence of various neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer and Parkinson. Motivated by these challenges and applications, we propose our STP-GSR framework. It is the first graph SR architecture to perform representation learning in higher-order topological space. Specifically, using the primal-dual graph formulation from graph theory, we develop an efficient mapping from the edge space of our low-resolution (LR) brain graphs to the node space of a high-resolution (HR) dual graph. This approach ensures that node-level computations on this dual graph correspond naturally to edge-level learning on our HR brain graphs, thereby enforcing strong topological consistency within our framework. Additionally, our framework is GNN layer agnostic and can easily learn from smaller, scalable GNNs, reducing computational requirements. We comprehensively benchmark our framework across seven key topological measures and observe that it significantly outperforms the previous state-of-the-art methods and baselines.
description: Accepted to PRIME-MICCAI-2024
Motion Correction and Volumetric Reconstruction for Fetal Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data
Creators: name: Sobotka, Daniel
name: Ebner, Michael
name: Schwartz, Ernst
name: Nenning, Karl-Heinz
name: Taymourtash, Athena
name: Vercauteren, Tom
name: Ourselin, Sebastien
name: Kasprian, Gregor
name: Prayer, Daniela
name: Langs, Georg
name: Licandro, Roxane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motion correction is an essential preprocessing step in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the fetal brain with the aim to remove artifacts caused by fetal movement and maternal breathing and consequently to suppress erroneous signal correlations. Current motion correction approaches for fetal fMRI choose a single 3D volume from a specific acquisition timepoint with least motion artefacts as reference volume, and perform interpolation for the reconstruction of the motion corrected time series. The results can suffer, if no low-motion frame is available, and if reconstruction does not exploit any assumptions about the continuity of the fMRI signal. Here, we propose a novel framework, which estimates a high-resolution reference volume by using outlier-robust motion correction, and by utilizing Huber L2 regularization for intra-stack volumetric reconstruction of the motion-corrected fetal brain fMRI. We performed an extensive parameter study to investigate the effectiveness of motion estimation and present in this work benchmark metrics to quantify the effect of motion correction and regularised volumetric reconstruction approaches on functional connectivity computations. We demonstrate the proposed framework's ability to improve functional connectivity estimates, reproducibility and signal interpretability, which is clinically highly desirable for the establishment of prognostic noninvasive imaging biomarkers. The motion correction and volumetric reconstruction framework is made available as an open-source package of NiftyMIC.
description: Preprint submitted to NeuroImage
Fast and accurate dose predictions for novel radiotherapy treatments in heterogeneous phantoms using conditional 3D-UNet generative adversarial networks
Creators: name: Mentzel, Florian
name: Kröninger, Kevin
name: Lerch, Michael
name: Nackenhorst, Olaf
name: Paino, Jason
name: Rosenfeld, Anatoly
name: Saraswati, Ayu
name: Tsoi, Ah Chung
name: Weingarten, Jens
name: Hagenbuchner, Markus
name: Guatelli, Susanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Novel radiotherapy techniques like synchrotron X-ray microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), require fast dose distribution predictions that are accurate at the sub-mm level, especially close to tissue/bone/air interfaces. Monte Carlo physics simulations are recognised to be one of the most accurate tools to predict the dose delivered in a target tissue but can be very time consuming and therefore prohibitive for treatment planning. Faster dose prediction algorithms are usually developed for clinically deployed treatments only. In this work, we explore a new approach for fast and accurate dose estimations suitable for novel treatments using digital phantoms used in pre-clinical development and modern machine learning techniques. We develop a generative adversarial network (GAN) model, which is able to emulate the equivalent Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation with adequate accuracy, and use it to predict the radiation dose delivered by a broad synchrotron beam to various phantoms. The energy depositions used for the training of the GAN are obtained using full Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations of a synchrotron radiation broad beam passing through the phantoms. The energy deposition is scored and predicted in voxel matrices of size 140x18x18 with a voxel edge length of 1 mm. The GAN model consists of two competing 3D convolutional neural networks, which are conditioned on the photon beam and phantom properties. The energy deposition predictions inside all phantom geometries under investigation show deviations of less than 3% of the maximum deposited energy from the simulation for roughly 99% of the voxels in the field of the beam. The computing time for a single prediction is reduced from several hundred hours using Geant4 simulation to less than a second using the GAN model.
description: Accepted for publication in Medical Physics
Four cellulose-active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases from Cellulomonas species
Creators: name: Li, James
name: Solhi, Laleh
name: Goddard-Borger, Ethan D.
name: Mathieu, Yann
name: Wakarchuk, Warren W.
name: Withers, Stephen G.
name: Brumer, Harry
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background: The discovery of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) has fundamentally changed our understanding of microbial lignocellulose degradation. Cellulomonas bacteria have a rich history of study due to their ability to degrade recalcitrant cellulose, yet little is known about the predicted LPMOs that they encode from Auxiliary Activity Family 10 (AA10). Results: Here, we present the comprehensive biochemical characterization of three AA10 LPMOs from Cellulomonas flavigena (CflaLPMO10A, CflaLPMO10B, and CflaLPMO10C) and one LPMO from Cellulomonas fimi (CfiLPMO10). We demonstrate that these four enzymes oxidize insoluble cellulose with C1 regioselectivity and show a preference for substrates with high surface area. In addition, CflaLPMO10B, CflaLPMO10C, and CfiLPMO10 exhibit limited capacity to perform mixed C1/C4 regioselective oxidative cleavage. Thermostability analysis indicates that these LPMOs can refold spontaneously following denaturation dependent on the presence of copper coordination. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed substrate-specific surface and structural morphological changes following LPMO action on Avicel and phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC). Further, we demonstrate that the LPMOs encoded by Cellulomonas flavigena exhibit synergy in cellulose degradation, which is due in part to decreased autoinactivation. Conclusions: Together, these results advance understanding of the cellulose utilization machinery of historically important Cellulomonas species beyond hydrolytic enzymes to include lytic cleavage. This work also contributes to the broader mapping of enzyme activity in Auxiliary Activity Family 10 and provides new biocatalysts for potential applications in biomass modification.
First-order thermodynamics of scalar-tensor cosmology
Creators: name: Giardino, Serena
name: Faraoni, Valerio
name: Giusti, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new thermodynamics of scalar-tensor gravity is applied to spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmologies in this class of theories and tested on analytical solutions. A forever-expanding universe approaches the Einstein "state of equilibrium" with zero effective temperature at late times and departs from it near spacetime singularities. "Cooling" by expansion and "heating" by singularities compete near the Big Rip, where it is found that the effective temperature diverges in the case of a conformally coupled scalar field.
description: 18 pages, no figures
title: Kontrol`nye cpiski dlja izucenija i ocenki sostojanija promyslennych ob'jektov, imejuscich vescestva, pregstavljajuscie opacnost' dlja vodnych resurcov
title: Контрольный список № 2: Устройства, предотвращающие переполнение
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Winkelmann-Oei, Gerhard
name: Platkowski, Jörg
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Gewässerschutz
subject: Risikomanagement
subject: Leitfaden
subject: water protection
subject: installation-related
subject: water pollution
subject: water pollutants
subject: risk management
subject: checklist
subject: guideline
subject: Chemikalien
subject: Wirtschaft | Konsum
subject: Chemicals

description: Опираясь на рекомендации международных комиссий по речным бассейнам и водным ресурсам, была разработана концепция контрольных листов, позволяющая эффективно оценить состояние промышленных установок, содержащих вредные для водных ресурсов материалы и растворы. Она включает в себя обзор потенциальных сфер деятельности, а также специальные контрольные листы, распределенные по функциональным единицам, отраслям и областям риска.
Mean first-passage time to a small absorbing target in three-dimensional elongated domains
Creators: name: Grebenkov, Denis S.
name: Skvortsov, Alexei T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an approximate formula for the mean first-passage time (MFPT) to a small absorbing target of arbitrary shape inside an elongated domain of a slowly varying axisymmetric profile. For this purpose, the original Poisson equation in three dimensions is reduced an effective one-dimensional problem on an interval with a semi-permeable semi-absorbing membrane. The approximate formula captures correctly the dependence of the MFPT on the distance to the target, the radial profile of the domain, and the size and the shape of the target. This approximation is validated by Monte Carlo simulations.
PICOSEC-Micromegas Detector, an innovative solution for Lepton Time Tagging
Creators: name: Kallitsopoulou, A.
name: Aleksan, R.
name: Angelis, Y.
name: Aune, S.
name: Bortfeldt, J.
name: Brunbauer, F.
name: Brunoldi, M.
name: Chatzianagnostou, E.
name: Datta, J.
name: Desforge, D.
name: Fanourakis, G.
name: Fiorina, D.
name: Floethner, K. J.
name: Gallinaro, M.
name: Garcia, F.
name: Giomataris, I.
name: Gnanvo, K.
name: Iguaz, F. J.
name: Janssens, D.
name: Kovacic, M.
name: Kross, B.
name: Legou, P.
name: Lisowska, M.
name: Liu, J.
name: Lupberger, M.
name: Maniatis, I.
name: McKisson, J.
name: Meng, Y.
name: Muller, H.
name: Oliveri, E.
name: Orlandini, G.
name: Pandey, A.
name: Papaevangelou, T.
name: Pomorski, M.
name: Ropelewski, L.
name: Sampsonidis, D.
name: Scharenberg, L.
name: Schneider, T.
name: Scorsone, E.
name: Sohl, L.
name: van Stenis, M.
name: Tsipolitis, Y.
name: Tzamarias, S. E.
name: Utrobicic, A.
name: Vai, I.
name: Veenhof, R.
name: Vitulo, P.
name: Wang, X.
name: White, S.
name: Xi, W.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Zhou, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The PICOSEC-Micromegas (PICOSEC-MM) detector is a novel gaseous detector designed for precise timing resolution in experimental measurements. It eliminates time jitter from charged particles in ionization gaps by using extreme UV Cherenkov light emitted in a crystal, detected by a Micromegas photodetector with an appropriate photocathode. The first single-channel prototype tested in 150 GeV/c muon beams achieved a timing resolution below 25 ps, a significant improvement compared to standard Micropattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs). This work explores the specifications for applying these detectors in monitored neutrino beams for the ENUBET Project. Key aspects include exploring resistive technologies, resilient photocathodes, and scalable electronics. New 7-pad resistive detectors are designed to handle the particle flux. In this paper, two potential scenarios are briefly considered: tagging electromagnetic showers with a timing resolution below 30 ps in an electromagnetic calorimeter as well as individual particles (mainly muons) with about 20 ps respectively.
The Unboxing Experience: Exploration and Design of Initial Interactions Between Children and Social Robots
Creators: name: Lee, Christine P
name: Cagiltay, Bengisu
name: Mutlu, Bilge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social robots are increasingly introduced into children's lives as educational and social companions, yet little is known about how these products might best be introduced to their environments. The emergence of the "unboxing" phenomenon in media suggests that introduction is key to technology adoption where initial impressions are made. To better understand this phenomenon toward designing a positive unboxing experience in the context of social robots for children, we conducted three field studies with families of children aged 8 to 13: (1) an exploratory free-play activity ($n=12$); (2) a co-design session ($n=11$) that informed the development of a prototype box and a curated unboxing experience; and (3) a user study ($n=9$) that evaluated children's experiences. Our findings suggest the unboxing experience of social robots can be improved through the design of a creative aesthetic experience that engages the child socially to guide initial interactions and foster a positive child-robot relationship.
description: To be published in 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '22)
Asanada lindbergi Loksa 1971
Creators: name: Dyachkov, Yurii V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Scolopendromorpha
Scolopendridae
Asanada
Asanada lindbergi

description: 7. Asanada lindbergi Loksa, 1971
Type locality: Djebel os-Siradj (Loksa 1971).
Fig. 7.
 Asanada lindbergi Loksa 1971: 105.
 Previous records. Parwan province: [Par1] (Loksa 1971).
 Habitat records. Steppe (Loksa 1971).
 Distribution. Afghanistan.
 Remarks. Material is in SMF. Known from the type locality only.
description: Published as part of Dyachkov, Yurii V., 2022, An annotated checklist of Chilopoda from Afghanistan, pp. 8-24 in Ecologica Montenegrina 53 on page 15, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.53.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13240337
Systematic Study of LED Stimulated Recovery of Radiation Damage in Optical Materials
Creators: name: Sahbaz, Kutlu Kagan
name: Bilki, Burak
name: Dapo, Haris
name: Karslioglu, Isik Gokcen
name: Kaya, Caglar
name: Kaya, Melike
name: Tosun, Mehmet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radiation damage in optical materials mostly manifests itself as the loss of optical transmittance. The optical materials recover from radiation damage to some extent when the radiation exposure is stopped. The recovery is at a faster rate in the presence of stimulating light. On the other hand, a systematic study of the dynamics of the recovery as a function of the stimulating light parameters such as its wavelength, intensity and exposure duration and method has not been performed in detail yet. We established an LED recovery station which provides pulsed and continuous light at various wavelengths at custom geometries. We irradiated soda lime glass samples at a rate of 87.5 Gy/min to a total dose of 3.5 kGy and 7.0 kGy. The optical transmittance of the samples were then measured in 200 nm - 1500 nm range for an extended period of time. The recovery from radiation damage is improved, both in terms of timing and quantity, as the wavelength of the stimulating light decreases. Around 50 % improvement was measured both in recovery rate and the permanent damage when UV LED with a wavelength of 396 nm was used for stimulation. The trend is such that wavelengths deeper in the UV range would result in faster and more effective recovery from radiation damage. The LED stimulated recovery technique from radiation damage is a feasible implementation for the optical active media of radiation and particle detectors which operate in high radiation environments.
The effects of chronic multivitamin supplementation on neurocognition in the elderly
Creators: name: Macpherson, Helen Nicole
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Age-related decline occurs across the lifespan and is a feature of the normal ageing process. With an ageing global population there is an increasing scientific interest in the potential of health and lifestyle interventions to improve cognitive function in the elderly. Evidence from epidemiological and randomised controlled trials has indicated that vitamins and other dietary substances may be particularly important for cognitive function. Heterogeneous findings have been obtained from Randomised Controlled Trials which have investigated the effects of multivitamin supplements on cognition, in older adults. This study represents the first trial to apply neuroimaging techniques to investigate the effects of multivitamin supplementation on brain electrical activity. When combined with behavioural measures the examination of brain electrical activity may provide additional insights into the neurocognitive effects of chronic multivitamin supplementation. This thesis reports the findings from a 16 week, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial which investigated the effects of chronic multivitamin supplementation on cognitive performance and the steady state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) measure of brain electrical activity, shown previously to be sensitive to fast occurring changes in cognition. The multivitamin contained a combination of vitamin, mineral and herbal components. Participants were elderly women aged between 64 and 82 years. 28 participants were allocated to the multivitamin treatment and 28 to placebo. Cognitive performance was assessed using a validated battery of computerised memory and attentional tasks. It was predicted that chronic treatment with a combined multivitamin and herbal supplement would enhance the cognitive domains most vulnerable to age-related decline. Changes in the SSVEP were assessed during the performance of a spatial working memory delayed response task. Biochemical and cardiovascular mechanisms of potential cognitive enhancements were also examined. The results indicated that multivitamin supplementation improved spatial working memory speed of response, a cognitive process which is known to be compromised with age. There were no multivitamin-related treatment effects for measures of attention or verbal memory. Multivitamin supplementation significantly increased SSVEP latency, interpreted as an increase in inhibitory neural processes. The multivitamin increased concentrations of vitamin B6, B12, E and lowered homocysteine. Multivitamin supplementation did not benefit other measures of cardiovascular health, indicating the observed cognitive improvements were not mediated by cardiovascular mechanisms. Findings from this study indicate that the SSVEP measure of brain activity is useful for examining the neurocognitive effects of multivitamins. Furthermore, it is suggested that chronic multivitamin supplementation may be effective to improve neurocognition in the elderly.
Rhysida Wood 1862
Creators: name: Dyachkov, Yurii V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Scolopendromorpha
Scolopendridae
Rhysida

description: Genus Rhysida Wood, 1862
 Type species: Branchiostoma lithobioides Newport, 1845 (by subsequent designation) (Schileyko et al. 2020).
description: Published as part of Dyachkov, Yurii V., 2022, An annotated checklist of Chilopoda from Afghanistan, pp. 8-24 in Ecologica Montenegrina 53 on page 15, DOI: 10.37828/em.2022.53.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13240337