cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A tensor product state approach to spin-1/2 square $J_1$-$J_2$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model: evidence for deconfined quantum criticality
Creators: name: Wang, Ling
name: Gu, Zheng-Cheng
name: Verstraete, Frank
name: Wen, Xiao-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state phase of spin-1/2 $J_1$-$J_2$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on square lattice around the maximally frustrated regime ($J_2\sim 0.5J_1$) has been debated for decades. Here we study this model using the cluster update algorithm for tensor product states (TPSs). The ground state energies at finite sizes and in the thermodynamic limit (with finite size scaling) are in good agreement with exact diagonalization study. Through finite size scaling of the spin correlation function, we find the critical point $J_2^{c_1}=0.572(5)J_1$ and critical exponents $ν=0.50(8)$, $η_s=0.28(6)$. In the range of $0.572 < J_2/J_1 \leqslant 0.6 $ we find a paramagnetic ground state with exponentially decaying spin-spin correlation. Up to $24\times 24$ system size, we observe power law decaying dimer-dimer and plaquette-plaquette correlations with an anomalous plaquette scaling exponent $η_p=0.24(1)$ and an anomalous columnar scaling exponent $η_c=0.28(1)$ at $J_2/J_1=0.6$. These results are consistent with a potential gapless $U(1)$ spin liquid phase. However, since the $U(1)$ spin liquid is unstable due to the instanton effect, a VBS order with very small amplitude might develop in the thermodynamic limit. Thus, our numerical results strongly indicate a deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP) at $J_2^{c_1}$. Remarkably, all the observed critical exponents are consistent with the $J-Q$ model.
Seesalz in atmosphärischen Aerosolen und in Niederschlägen im norddeutschen Raum insbesondere in Schleswig-Holstein
Creators: name: Beyer, Roland
name: Steiger, Michael
Publisher: name: Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Die Untersuchungen vieler küstennaher Bauwerke lässt vermuten, dass die Deposition und Anreicherung von Seesalz eine Hauptschadensursache sein kann. Es wurden entsprechende Informationen für den norddeutschen Küstenraum (insbes. Schleswig-Holstein) zusammgetragen und bereits verfügbare Daten aus Messreihen unter der genanten Fragestellung neu bewertet.
Quantitative Salt Analysis in Conservation of Buildings
Creators: name: Bläuer-Böhm, Christine
Publisher: name: Aedificatio Verlag
Year: 2005
Subjects: Conservation science

description: For the conservation of monuments, quantitative analyses of salts in the original materials help to predict
their destructive behaviour and to estimate the least harmful environmental conditions for preventive conservation
of the object in question. Salt analyses can also be used to monitor the results of salt reduction treatments
or to compare diverse methods of conservation treatment. Further it can be necessary to test new
building or conservation materials for their soluble salt content and hence their suitability for use in historical
monuments. The analytical procedure consists of three steps: sampling, actual analysis and interpretation
of data. It will be more or less complicated depending on the materials considered and needs to be adapted to
the specific case. The paper discusses frequently encountered questions regarding salt analysis in the context
of historical monuments preservation. The types of materials that are often tested for their salt content are
historical mortars, stones, repair mortars and materials used to extract salts from salt loaded original materials,
such as poultices. A definition of these different material types and their sub-groups is given from the
point of view of salt analysis, the questions asked regarding the different groups of materials are elaborated,
sampling strategies and analytical procedures are discussed and finally some hints towards the possible interpretations and their difficulties are given. Special emphasis is put on the water extraction method as this
seems to be the by the far most frequently used method for quantitative salt analysis.
In: Bauinstandsetzen und Baudenkmalpflege Vol. 11, No 6, 409–418 (2005)
Political freedom : a defence of natural rights republicanism
Creators: name: Hellewell, Jamie Scott
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: What is political freedom? Many, especially liberal, philosophers have followed Isaiah Berlin in insisting we understand liberty as essentially about the absence of interference in the life choices of individuals. However “neo-Roman republicans,” prominently Quentin Skinner and Philip Pettit, have challenged Berlin’s view. They argue that political freedom is better understood as the absence of domination, where “domination” consists in being under another person’s power in the manner of a slave or a despot’s subject. Such forms of power undermine freedom in virtue of being arbitrary -- i.e. unaccountable to the interests of those subject to them. In consequence, neorepublicans hold that freedom is realized through the democratic control of social life. In this dissertation, I argue that neither of these alternatives is entirely satisfactory. Berlin’s non-interference view captures a basic and compelling liberal insight, namely that there ought to be limits on how far any community, democratic or otherwise, can intrude upon the lives of individuals. Yet it neglects the way in which arbitrary power can undermine freedom even in the absence of actual interferences, leading Berlin to embrace the implausible conclusion that freedom is in principle compatible with despotic rule. By contrast, the neo-republican view supports a more plausible account of the relation between freedom and power, and thus between freedom and democratic government. Yet, I argue, it is unable to justify or provide the proper criteria for setting limits on the state’s authority over individuals. It thus risks licensing a ‘tyranny of the majority.’ "ii Given these challenges, I defend an alternative account of political freedom: While I accept the republican claim that freedom consists in non-domination rather than non-interference, I argue that the neo-Roman account of the nature of domination is problematic, resting on a flawed conception of arbitrary power. I look to Locke for a more plausible account of arbitrary power and thus the ideal of non-domination, one which defines political freedom against a background of natural rights. The resulting view -- “natural rights republicanism” -- plausibly accommodates both liberal concerns for individual sovereignty and republican sensitivity to relations of power.
Affektive Stasis
Creators: name: Bernhardt, Fabian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Affektive Stasis
subject: Affekt und Geschichtlichkeit
subject: Affekt und Zeitlichkeit
subject: Stauung
subject: Stockung
subject: Stillstand
subject: Affekttheorie
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::100 Philosophie::100 Philosophie und Psychologie
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie:: 300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: Nicht nur gesellschaftliche Transformation, sondern auch das Ausbleiben von Veränderung weist eine affektive Dimension auf. Das Konzept der affektiven Stasis sucht diesem Umstand Rechnung zu tragen. Es zielt darauf ab, die häufig einseitig akzentuierte Transformativität und Dynamik von Affekt auf ein Maß zu reduzieren, das es erlaubt, auch die im Sozialen wirksamen Beharrungskräfte und realgeschichtlichen Trägheitsmomente als genuin affektive Phänomene zu konzeptualisieren. Der Begriff der Stasis verweist indes nicht nur auf Bewegungslosigkeit und Stillstand, sondern ihm ist zugleich eine kritische Schwelle eingeschrieben, jenseits derer die affektiven Stauungen aufbrechen und sich der Stillstand mit einem Mal in ein Ereignis disruptiver Art verkehrt. So bezeichnete die Stasis im Altgriechischen nicht nur den Stillstand, sondern auch den Aufstand und Krieg innerhalb der Polis. Das Konzept spannt sich also zwischen zwei Polen auf, die ein Spektrum verschiedenartiger affektiver Phänomene abdecken: Während sich dem einen Pol Phänomene affektiver Lähmung und Erschlaffung zuordnen lassen, geht der andere Pol mit Atmosphären und Stimmungen einher, die durch eine latente Anspannung und ex-plosive Eskalationsbereitschaft gekennzeichnet sind. Die aktualisierende Aneignung des antiken Stasis-begriffs entspringt dabei dem Bemühen, Geschichtlichkeit und Affektivität bereits auf der Ebene der Theoriebildung stärker miteinander zu verschränken. Wie wir fühlen und empfinden, wird formiert – und deformiert – von dem, was früher war.
Attempt to use a microwave moisture mapping system (MOIST 200B) to control and monitor the water uptake of stones in the frame of cultural heritage conservation
Creators: name: Bläuer, Christine
name: Rousset, B.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Year: 2009
Subjects: Physics

description: It would be highly desirable to be able to monitor the water uptake of a weathered or consolidated stone
surface on a building façade, to choose, control and monitor stone conservation treatments. According to
the literature a microwave moisture mapping system seemed to be appropriate for these means. In our
laboratory study we compared the capillary and adsorption water uptake of five different sandstones
measured by gravimetric methods with the moisture index measurements by a MOIST 200B of hf sensor
GmbH (Leipzig, DE). The results show that the tested machine can give neither the quantity of adsorbed
water vapour nor the quantity and penetration depth of capillary water in homogeneous and non-weathered
samples under perfectly known and controlled conditions.
In: Feher, Lambert (ed.): Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Microwave and High Frequency Heating AMPERE 2009, 7-10 September, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, 29-32 (2009) [Electronic Ressource]
Correcting pervasive errors in RNA crystallography through enumerative structure prediction
Creators: name: Chou, Fang-Chieh
name: Sripakdeevong, Parin
name: Dibrov, Sergey M.
name: Hermann, Thomas
name: Das, Rhiju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Three-dimensional RNA models fitted into crystallographic density maps exhibit pervasive conformational ambiguities, geometric errors and steric clashes. To address these problems, we present enumerative real-space refinement assisted by electron density under Rosetta (ERRASER), coupled to Python-based hierarchical environment for integrated 'xtallography' (PHENIX) diffraction-based refinement. On 24 data sets, ERRASER automatically corrects the majority of MolProbity-assessed errors, improves the average Rfree factor, resolves functionally important discrepancies in noncanonical structure and refines low-resolution models to better match higher-resolution models.
Linear models of activation cascades: analytical solutions and coarse-graining of delayed signal transduction
Creators: name: Beguerisse-Diaz, Mariano
name: Desikan, Radhika
name: Barahona, Mauricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Cellular signal transduction usually involves activation cascades, the sequential activation of a series of proteins following the reception of an input signal. Here we study the classic model of weakly activated cascades and obtain analytical solutions for a variety of inputs. We show that in the special but important case of optimal-gain cascades (i.e., when the deactivation rates are identical) the downstream output of the cascade can be represented exactly as a lumped nonlinear module containing an incomplete gamma function with real parameters that depend on the rates and length of the cascade, as well as parameters of the input signal. The expressions obtained can be applied to the non-identical case when the deactivation rates are random to capture the variability in the cascade outputs. We also show that cascades can be rearranged so that blocks with similar rates can be lumped and represented through our nonlinear modules. Our results can be used both to represent cascades in computational models of differential equations and to fit data efficiently, by reducing the number of equations and parameters involved. In particular, the length of the cascade appears as a real-valued parameter and can thus be fitted in the same manner as Hill coefficients. Finally, we show how the obtained nonlinear modules can be used instead of delay differential equations to model delays in signal transduction.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Association of lipid, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers with age at onset for incident cardiovascular disease
Creators: name: Tian, Xue
name: Chen, Shuohua
name: Zuo, Yingting
name: Zhang, Yijun
name: Zhang, Xiaoli
name: Xu, Qin
name: Luo, Yanxia
name: Wu, Shouling
name: Wang, Anxin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline characteristics of participants with and without incident CVD. Table S2. Baseline characteristics of participants by different age. Table S3. Incidence rate of CVD in different age group. Table S4. Multivariable-adjusted associations of risk factors with incident CVD by age at onset. Table S5. PAR and 95% CI for cardiovascular disease by risk factors.
A comparison of diffusion tube determinations of formic and acetic acid concentrations in air
Creators: name: Van Bommel, Maarten
name: Gibson, Lorraine
name: Watts, Simon
name: Kontozova, Velichka
name: Halsberghe, Lieve
Publisher: name: NN
Year: 2004
Subjects: Chemistry

description: After inconsistent results of air concentration measurements of volatile organic acids in display cases at the Museum of London (UK) and in the City Museum of Kortrijk (Belgium), a comparison of methods was carried out amongst the institutions most actively involved in these determinations. Each laboratory had its samplers exposed to known air concentrations of formic and acetic acid in the calibrated exposure chamber at ICN and in three display cases at the City Museum of Kortrijk. After exposure the tubes were all returned to their origin and analysed. Comparison of the results shows that each laboratory is rather consistent but between laboratories numbers can differ with a factor 2.
In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on “Indoor Air Quality in Museums and Historic Properties”, 10-12 November 2004, Padova, Italy.
Superconformal field theory and Jack superpolynomials
Creators: name: Desrosiers, Patrick
name: Lapointe, Luc
name: Mathieu, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T40, 05E05

description: We uncover a deep connection between the $\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal field theory in 2D and eigenfunctions of the supersymmetric Sutherland model known as Jack superpolynomials (sJacks). Specifically, the singular vector at level $rs/2$ of the Kac module labeled by the two integers $r$ and $s$ are given explicitly as a sum of sJacks whose indexing diagrams are contained in a rectangle with $r$ columns and $s$ rows As a second compelling evidence for the distinguished status of the sJack-basis in SCFT, we find that the degenerate Whittaker vectors (Gaiotto states) can be expressed as a remarkably simple linear combination of sJacks. As a consequence, we are able to reformulate the supersymmetric version of the (degenerate) AGT conjecture in terms of the combinatorics of sJacks. Note that the closed-form formulas for the singular vectors and the degenerate Whittaker vectors, although only conjectured in general, have been heavily tested (in some cases, up to level 33/2). Note also that both the Neveu-Schwarz and Ramond sectors are treated.
description: 37 pages. v3: correction of some equations (not corrected in the published version), most importantly, (6.9), (6.10), and (B.27)
Stochastic geometric mechanics of thermal ocean dynamics
Creators: name: Luesink, Erwin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Geometric mechanics is a mathematical framework for investigating dynamical systems arising from Lie group invariant variational principles. An important area where the theory of geometric mechanics is useful is geophysical fluid dynamics. Conservation laws arise naturally in this framework and can be used to classify the structure of fluid models. In this work a hierarchy of models for thermal ocean dynamics is derived within the framework of stochastic geometric mechanics. The ocean models in this dissertation are allowed to have horizontal gradients of buoyancy. As a result, the potential energy in the ocean model has a similar form to potential energy of an adiabatic gas. In this analogy, the buoyancy plays the role of the entropy. This is why ocean models with buoyancy can be referred to as "thermal". The study of thermal ocean models with the framework of stochastic geometric mechanics helps to gain more understanding in how different ocean models with similar structure relate to each other, particularly in the presence of the stochastic parametrisation known as "stochastic advection by Lie transport". By means of dimensional analysis and asymptotic analysis within the framework, a hierarchy of models is derived that permits the usage of stochastic advection by Lie transport. By combining stochastic geometric mechanics, thermal ocean modelling and asymptotic analysis, a tree of related ocean models spanning several spatial dimensions is derived.
A class of goodness-of-fit tests for spatial extremes models based on max-stable processes
Creators: name: Kojadinovic, Ivan
name: Shang, Hongwei
name: Yan, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62G32, 62H11, 62H15

description: Parametric max-stable processes are increasingly used to model spatial extremes. Starting from the fact that the dependence structure of a max-stable process is completely characterized by an extreme-value copula, a class of goodness-of-fit tests is proposed based on the comparison between a nonparametric and a parametric estimator of the corresponding unknown multivariate Pickands dependence function. Because of the high-dimensional setting under consideration, these functional estimators are only compared at a specific set of points at which they coincide, up to a multiplicative constant, with estimators of the extremal coefficients. The nonparametric estimators of the Pickands dependence function used in this work are those recently studied by Gudendorf and Segers. The parametric estimators rely on the use of the {\em pairwise pseudo-likelihood} which extends the concept of pairwise (composite) likelihood to a rank-based context. Approximate $p$-values for the resulting margin-free tests are obtained by means of a {\em one- or two-level parametric bootstrap}. Conditions for the asymptotic validity of these resampling procedures are given based on the work of Genest and Rémillard. The finite-sample performance of the tests is investigated in dimension 10 under the Smith, Schlather and geometric Gaussian models. An application of the tests to rainfall data is finally presented.
description: 28 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables
Die Bedeutung der Proteinphosphatase 2A und Proteinphosphatase 5 für die Signaltransduktion und Hypertrophie am Herzen
Creators: name: Dörner, Mara-Francine
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Bei einer Herzinsuffizienz wurden unter anderem Veränderungen in der Ca2+-Homöostase und der Phosphorylierung regulatorischer Proteine nachgewiesen. Um die pathophysiologische Rolle von Serin-/Threonin-Proteinphosphatasen (PP) im Herzen zu untersuchen, wurde ein Mausmodell mit kardiomyozyten-spezifischer Co-Überexpression der PP2Acα und der PP5 etabliert (PP2AxPP5). Die Überexpression beider PPs bei PP2AxPP5-Tieren führte zu kardialer Hypertrophie, erhöhter Sterblichkeit, kardialer Fibrose und erhöhtem Entzündungsgeschehen, sowie verminderter Phosphorylierung regulatorischer Proteine. Linksventrikulär wurde eine verringerte Ejektionsfraktion basal und nach β-adrenerger Stimulation (β-AR) nachgewiesen. In linken Vorhofpräparaten war die Kontraktilität nach β-AR und Hypoxie vermindert. Obwohl PP2A und PP5 in PP2AxPP5-Mäusen sogar auf RNA- und Proteinebene herunterreguliert waren, blieb die PP-Aktivität im Vergleich zu monotransgenen Mäusen unverändert. Eine gegenseitige Regulation von PP2A und PP5 findet somit statt, was zu Veränderungen bestimmter Signalwege mit Progredienz einer Herzinsuffizienz führen kann.
description: Heart failure is accompanied by alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and phosphorylation of regulatory proteins, among other factors. To study the pathophysiological role of serine/threonine phosphatases (PP) in the mammalian heart, we have generated transgenic mice with cardiac muscle cell-specific overexpression of PP2Acα and PP5 (PP2AxPP5). Overexpression of PP2AxPP5 resulted in cardiac hypertrophy, increased mortality, cardiac fibrosis and increased inflammation as well as decreased phosphorylation of regulatory proteins. Left ventricular ejection fraction was reduced basal as well as after β-adrenergic stimulation. In left atrial preparations contractility was decreased after β-adrenergic stimulation and hypoxia. Although PP2A and PP5 were even downregulated on RNA and protein level in PP2AxPP5 mice, PP activity was unchanged compared to monotransgenic mice. Thus, there is a regulation between PP2A and PP5, which may lead to alterations in signaling pathways and enhance the progression of heart failure.
Damping-Antidamping Effect on Comets Motion
Creators: name: Lopez, G. V.
name: Juarez, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make an observation about Galilean transformation on a 1-D mass variable systems which leads us to the right way to deal with mass variable systems. Then using this observation, we study two-bodies gravitational problem where the mass of one of the bodies varies and suffers a damping-antidamping effect due to star wind during its motion. For this system, a constant of motion, a Lagrangian and a Hamiltonian are given for the radial motion, and the period of the body is studied using the constant of motion of the system. Our theoretical results are applied to Halley's comet.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0910.4684
Additional file 1 of Association between fluid intake and extubation failure in intensive care unit patients with negative fluid balance: a retrospective observational study
Creators: name: Li, Tong
name: Zhou, Dawei
name: Zhao, Dong
name: Lin, Qing
name: Wang, Dija
name: Wang, Chao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Comparison and optimization of five desalination systems on the inner walls of Saint Philibert Church in Dijon, France
Creators: name: Bourgès, Anne
name: Vergès-Belmin, Véronique
Publisher: name: Laboratoire de Recherche des Monuments Historiques / Cercle des Partenaires du Patrimoine
Year: 2008
Subjects: Conservation science

description: In the framework of the European project “Desalination”, the Saint Philibert site has been selected as a field study to assess and compare the effectiveness of five desalination poultices after one application. These poultices were applied on two inner walls on the south side of the church. The decrease of salt concentration as well as the depth of desalination was taken into consideration in the definition of the effectiveness. This paper strongly underlines the close link between the effectiveness of desalination treatments and the properties of both stone and poultice materials. Analyses suggest that pore size distribution of the poultices should overlap pore size of the substrate for optimization of desalination efficiency. Moreover, size and arrangement of grains are probably important parameters to take into consideration when formulating poultices, as they directly influence the capillary suction of the solubilized salt solution.
In: Ottosen, Lisbeth M.; Rörig-Dalgaard, Inge; Larsen , Poul Klenz; Brajer, Isabelle; Bøllingtoft, Peder; Marciniak, Mette; Svane, Maja (Hrsg.): Salt Weathering on Buildings and Stone Sculptures, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DenmarkTechnical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, 29-41
Salze im Museum und in der Archäologie
Creators: name: Brüggerhoff, Stefan
name: Eggert, Gerhard
name: Simon, Stefan
Publisher: name: Hans-Jürgen Schwarz und Michael Steiger
Year: 2009
Subjects: Conservation Restoration

description: Der vorliegende Beitrag greift den für die erörterte Salzthematik speziellen Fall eines Museumsgebäudes mit den darin befindlichen Exponaten auf. Er gliedert sich in die Ausführungen zur Gebäudehülle, deren Behandlung bei salzbelasteten Bauten durchaus einen Sonderfall für Sanierungsüberlegungen darstellen kann, sowie in eine Beschreibung der Problemstellungen, die bei Museumsobjekten durch oder im Hinblick auf eine Salzbelastung auftreten können. Damit wird hier ein sehr breites Spektrum von Fragen und Lösungsansätzen angesprochen, die wegen des begrenzten Platzes jeweils nur kurz angerissen und an wenigen Beispielen deutlich gemacht werden können. Eine aufeinander aufbauende Darstellung ist nicht möglich, alle Autoren haben unabhängig von einander einen der oben genannten Teilaspekte behandelt.
In: Schwarz, Hans-Jürgen; Steiger, Michael (Hrsg.): Salzschäden an Kulturgütern: Stand des Wissens und Forschungsdefizite, Hannover, Germany, 30-51
Salts in Ceramic Bodies I: Introducing Salts into Ceramics
Creators: name: Charola, A. E.
name: Nunberg, S.
name: Freedland, J.
Publisher: name: Aedificatio Verlag
Year: 2001
Subjects: Conservation science

description: An experimental study was designed to introduce known amounts of soluble salts into ceramic tiles, evaluate the effect these salts have on the ceramic when cycled over a limited range of RH, and eventually desalinate the tiles to quantitatively evaluate the different desalination procedures used. This first part of the study describes the ceramics used and the methodology followed to introduce salts into them. The soluble salts used were NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 and CaSO 4 .2H 2 O, and mixtures of the first with either of the other two. It was found that the method of drying the tiles significantly affected the amount of salt remaining in them and this was salt-specific. Reasons for this behavior are discussed.
Internationale Zeitschrift für Bauinstandsetzen und Baudenkmalpflege 7. Jahrgang, Heft 2, 117–130 (2001)
Dichroic photoemission electron microscopy imaging of magnetic surfaces
Creators: name: Paleschke, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 530

description: In dieser Arbeit werden Ergebnisse der Untersuchung von magnetischen Oberflächen mittels schwellennaher Photoemissionselektronenmikroskopie (PEEM) vorgestellt. Hierfür wurde eine neue Ultrahochvakuumkammer aufgebaut, welche mit unterschiedlichen Lichtquellen ausgestattet wurde, insbesondere einem durchstimmbaren Femtosekunden-Faserlaser. Dieser Aufbau bietet eine einzigartige Kombination aus hoher räumlicher und zeitlicher Auflösung in PEEM. Die vielseitigen Möglichkeiten des Aufbaus werden durch die Untersuchung von drei verschiedenen Materialklassen demonstriert, wobei wir uns auf deren unterschiedliche Dichroismus-Kontrastmechanismen fokussieren. Zunächst präsentieren wir Messungen von frei propagierenden Oberflächenplasmonen auf ferromagnetischen Mikrostrukturen, bei welchen der plasmonischen Spin-Hall-Effekt genutzt wird. Anschließend untersuchen wir Realraum- und k-Raum-Bilder, die die magnetische Oberflächenstruktur von ferromagnetischen Dünnschicht- und Einkristallsystemen sowie die Details der je\-weiligen elektronischen $3d$-Bandstruktur aufzeigen. Drittens präsentieren wir erste vorläufige Ergebnisse der Untersuchung des linearen Dichroismus im Antiferromagneten NiO. Die Erkenntnisse dieser Arbeit könnten den Weg für die künftige ultraschnelle Untersuchung und Manipulation von magnetischen Systemen bereiten, welche wiederum die Grundlage für neuartige spintronische Bauelemente bilden könnten.
description: In this thesis, we investigate magnetic surfaces and microstructures via near-threshold photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). For this purpose, we built a new ultra-high vacuum chamber in combination with several light sources, notably a tunable femtosecond fiber laser setup. This setup offers a unique combination of high spatial and temporal resolution in PEEM. We point out the capabilities of the setup by investigating three material classes and focus on different dichroism contrast mechanisms. First, we present plasmonic dichroism images of propagating surface plasmon polaritons on ferromagnetic alloy microstructures by utilizing the plasmonic spin-Hall effect. Second, we analyze state-of-the-art real-space and k-space images revealing the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic surface structure of Ni thin films and Fe single crystals, as well as details of the respective $3d$ electron band structure. Third, we discuss and present first preliminary results of linear dichroism PEEM measurements of a NiO single crystal. These findings may pave the way for future ultrafast investigation and manipulation of magnetic systems in general, which in return could be the foundation for future spintronic devices.
Ethen/Styren-Terpolymere - Synthese, Struktur, Eigenschaften
Creators: name: Pollmächer, Daniela
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Elektronische Publikation
subject: Hochschulschrift
subject: Online-Publikation
subject: Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
subject: 547.84

description: Die gezielte Modifizierung von Polymereigenschaften kann durch die Wahl geeigneter Monomere im Vorfeld der Polymerisation erfolgen. Für ein ausgewähltes Ethen-Styren-Copolymer wurden die molekularen, thermischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften durch die Terpolymerisation mit unterschiedlichen α-Olefinen, Cycloolefinen und α,ω-Diene modifiziert. Als Katalysatorsystem für die Terpolymerisationen diente ein spezieller Titan-"Constrained Geometry Catalyst" und ein Bor-Cokatalysator der DOW Chemical Company. Durch den Einbau der Termonomere konnten sowohl beim Einbauverhalten der eingesetzten Monomere in die Polymerkette als auch der Glasübergangstemperatur und der Produktfestigkeit Änderung beobachtet werden. Durch den Einsatz der α-Olefine und α,ω-Diene konnte eine Reduzierung der Glasübergangstemperatur und teilweise auch eine Reduzierung der Produktfestigkeit erreicht werden. Im Gegensatz dazu führte nur der Einbau eines der Cycloolefine zu einem signifikanten Unterschied der Eigenschaften im Vergleich zu den α-Olefin-Terpolymeren. Neben der Modifizierung des Ethen-Styren-Copolymers wurde das eingesetzte Katalysatorsystem für die Synthese von Ethen-Norbornen-Copolymerisation verwendet. Bei den entstandenen Copolymeren konnten mit Hilfe von NMR-Untersuchungen keine Norbornen-Diaden, -Triaden oder höhere Norbornenblöcke nachgewiesen werden. Für zwei ausgewählte Ethen-Norbornen-Copolymere wurden die thermischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften durch den Einbau von Styren als Termonomer variiert.
description: The characteristics of polymers can be modified by the use of monomers. For selected ethene-styrene-copolymers the molecular, thermal and mechanical behaviour was modified by terpolymerisation with different α-olefines, cycloolefines and α,ω-dienes. A special titanium constrained geometry catalyst and a boron cocatalyst from the DOW chemical company were used as catalytic system for these terpolymerisations. The used termonomers changed the incorporation of each monomer in the polymer chain as well as the glass transition temperature and polymer strength. The incorporation of the α-olefines and α,ω-dienes decreases both the glass transition temperature and the polymer strength. In comparison to these monomers the incorporation of cycloolefines influenced the polymer properties only for one monomer significantly. Besides the modification of the ethene-styrene-copolymer the catalytic system was used to synthesize ethene-norbornene-copolymers. Using NMR-spectroscopy no norbornene-diades, -triades or higher norbornene-norbornene couplings could be found. For two selected ethene-norbornene-copolymers the thermal and mechanical behaviour was varied by the incorporation of styrene.
Clinical and biomechanical changes following a pre-operative muscle strengthening intervention for people with femoroacetabular impingement
Creators: name: Guenther, Jerrad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Introduction: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a pathomechanical process of the hip joint that has been linked to the early development of hip osteoarthritis. FAI morphology usually progresses gradually and can limit the ability of individuals to engage in sports and causes pain during activities of daily living. These impairments can lead to loss of range of motion, muscle weakness and altered walking biomechanics. Currently, surgery is the common treatment, however little is known about the effects of muscle strengthening in this population. Based on the results of similar programs in other pathologies, muscle strengthening may alleviate this muscle weakness and hip pain. Our goal was to investigate the effects of a pre-surgical hip muscle strengthening intervention on hip strength, pain and function in those with FAI. Methods: This was a within subject, pre-test – post-test intervention study examining the effects of a 10-week hip muscle strengthening program in 20 individuals (18 males) with FAI before hip surgery. Clinical outcomes including maximum isometric hip strength, hip pain and physical function were collected before and after the strengthening intervention. During the intervention, participants progressed through three phases of increasing resistance and functionality as they received a bilateral hip strengthening program consisting of 4-6 exercises per phase. Results: Maximum isometric hip strength significantly increased in abduction (p=0.008), adduction (p=0.021) and internal rotation (p=0.006) at follow-up. Flexion, extension and external rotation strength changes did not reach significance. Self-reported HOOS pain subscale scores (p<0.01), HOOS ADL scores (p<0.01) and NRS pain scores (p<0.001) significantly improved at follow-up. Objective function measured by the Timed Stair Climb (p<0.001) also significantly improved at follow-up. Conclusion: Findings from this study showed that a 10-week hip muscle strengthening program could be safely completed by adults with FAI and that statistically significant changes in clinical and biomechanical outcomes were achieved. Findings of this study can improve our understanding of FAI and may be useful for clinicians for preventive, treatment and maintenance purposes.
Salts in Ceramic Bodies IV: Considerations on Desalination
Creators: name: Charola, A. Elena
name: Freedland, Joshua
name: Centeno, S. A.
Publisher: name: Aedificatio Verlag
Year: 2001
Subjects: Conservation science

description: Several factors that affect the efficiency of salt(s) removal from ceramic materials during desalination treatments were investigated. The results show that before a suitable desalination method is chosen, the role of the porosity of the material, the solubility of the contaminating salt(s), the kinetics of the dissolution process and the mobility of the ions have to be evaluated. A method to calculate the maximum amount of salt remaining in the object after repeated washings, based on the amount of salt extracted, is presented in order to address the fundamental question of defining an acceptable salt content for long term conservation.
Mehrere Faktoren, die die Wirksamkeit der Verfahren zur Entfernung von Salzen aus porösen keramischen Werkstoffen beeinflussen, wurden untersucht. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass vor der Wahl eines Verfahrens zum Entsalzen der Einfluss der Porosität eines neuen Werkstoffes, die Löslichkeit der zu entfernenden Salze, die Kinetik des Lösungsvoganges und die Innenbeweglichkeit bestimmt werden müssen. Eine Methode zur Berechnung des maximalen Salzgehaltes, der nach 162 mehrmaligem Waschen in einer Probe zurückbleibt, wird vorgeschlagen. Die Berechnung geht von der Menge Salz aus, die entfernt wurde. Damit wird die grundsätzliche Frage aufgeworfen, wie ein annehmbarer Salzgehalt für eine lange Aufbewahrung festzulegen sei.
In: Bauinstandsetzen und Baudenkmalpflege, 7. Jahrgang, Heft 2, 161–174 (2001)
Salts in the Deterioration of Porous Materials: A Call for the Right Questions
Creators: name: Charola, A. E.
name: Pühringer, J.
Publisher: name: Aedificatio Verlag
Year: 2005
Subjects: Conservation science

description: On the basis of recent literature surveys and publications a brief review of the issues involved in the deterioration of porous inorganic materials induced by the presence of salt is discussed. Starting with the dissolution of salts in water to form solutions, it is pointed out that many questions need to be answered to understand their behaviour. This is followed by the behaviour of these solutions within the porous material. It is highlighted that the damage is not due to a single “salt crystallization” mechanism but that several mechanisms can be operative, such as the formation of salt-films and the resulting stresses they induce in the substrate or the wedge action exerted by growing crystals in fissures. A hypothesis for the origin of the induced damage is forwarded based on the stresses induced by hygrothermic changes on salt-films, their action on the substrate and the difference in moisture absorption with areas not covered by these films. Finally, suggestions are made regarding further research, in particular for the pore-range location of salts within a given porous material and for different materials.
Auf der Basis kürzlich erschienener Literaturübersichten und Veröffentlichungen werden wesentliche Aspekte, die bei der Zerstörung poröser inorganischer Werkstoffe im Beisein von Salzen eine Rolle spielen, diskutiert. Zunächst wird am Beispiel der Auflösung von Salzen in Wasser und der Bildung von Salzlösungen gezeigt, dass noch viele Fragen beantwortet werden müssen, bevor wir die Vorgänge wirklich verstehen. Danach wird das Verhalten dieser Salzlösungen im porösen Gefüge behandelt. Es wird besonders heraus gestellt, dass der Schaden nicht von einem einzigen Mechanismus, etwa der „Salzkristallisation“, verursacht wird, sondern dass vielmehr mehrere Mechanismen zusammen wirken können, wie etwa die Bildung von Salzfilmen und die daraus resultierenden Spannungen, die dabei im Untergrund entstehen, oder die Keilwirkung, die durch wachsende Kristalle in Rissen zustande kommt. Eine Hypothese zur Erklärung der Ursache des entstehenden Schadens wird vorgeschlagen. Diese Hypothese basiert auf den Spannungen, die durch hygro-thermische Änderungen der Salzfilme entstehen. Die Wechselwirkung der Salzfilme mit dem Untergrund und der Unterschied zwischen deren Feuchtigkeitsabsorption im Vergleich mit der Absorption der nicht mit Salzfilmen bedeckten Stellen werden auch berücksichtigt. Schließlich werden Vorschläge hinsichtlich weiterer Forschungsprojekte unterbreitet. Insbesondere sollte der Porenbereich eines porösen Werkstoffes, in dem sich Salze ablagern, näher untersucht werden und es sollten unterschiedliche Werkstoffe einbezogen werden.
In: Restoration of Buildings and Monuments Bauinstandsetzen und Baudenkmalpflege, Vol. 11, No 6, 433–442 (2005)
Identifiability of Gaussian structural equation models with equal error variances
Creators: name: Peters, Jonas
name: Bühlmann, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider structural equation models in which variables can be written as a function of their parents and noise terms, which are assumed to be jointly independent. Corresponding to each structural equation model, there is a directed acyclic graph describing the relationships between the variables. In Gaussian structural equation models with linear functions, the graph can be identified from the joint distribution only up to Markov equivalence classes, assuming faithfulness. In this work, we prove full identifiability if all noise variables have the same variances: the directed acyclic graph can be recovered from the joint Gaussian distribution. Our result has direct implications for causal inference: if the data follow a Gaussian structural equation model with equal error variances and assuming that all variables are observed, the causal structure can be inferred from observational data only. We propose a statistical method and an algorithm that exploit our theoretical findings.
Verhaltensanalyse von Ladendiebstahl mittels Täterbefragung - eine qualitative Studie unter Anwendung der Anomietheorie
Creators: name: Spindler, Peter Ernst
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2000
Subjects: Elektronische Publikation
Zsfassung in engl. Sprache

description: In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird mittels Täterbefragung (selbstberichtete Delinquenz / Dunkelfeldforschung) das Erleben von 6 Ladendieben erfaßt und bewertet. Methodische Grundlagen sind das Problemzentrierte Interview (Witzel 1989), die Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (Mayring 1988) und die Anomietheorie (Opp 1974). Ergebnis ist ein Modell über die Wirkung kognitiver und emotionaler Einflußfaktoren auf die Entscheidung zu stehlen. Als verhaltensentscheidend zeigte sich dabei die Kontrolle negativer Emotionen, die Integrierbarkeit des Verhaltens in ein positives Selbstbild und Angstkonditionierungsprozesse. Die Bereitschaft zu konsumieren erwies sich als Antrieb für Ladendiebstahl. Im Erleben der Befragten überwogen nicht-materielle Motive für Konsum. Das entstandene differenzierte Kategoriensystem liefert die Grundlage für prospektiv darauf aufbauende quantitative Folgeuntersuchungen, etwa in Form von Fragebögen. Aus dem Modell sind präventive und therapeutische Interventionen ableitbar. Das Konzept der 'Kleptomanie' bzw. des 'pathologischen Stehlens' wird anhand der Ergebnisse diskutiert.
description: This qualitative research study explores shoplifting by means of the self-reported delinquency of 6 offenders who were recruited neither through the medical nor legislative system. The methods of research involved problem-focussed semi-structured interviews (Witzel 1989), qualitative analysis of textual data (Mayring 1988) and the concept of anomie (Opp 1974). The result is a model of cognitive and emotional processes explaining the decision to steal. Control of negative emotions, ability to categorise one’s own behaviour in accordance with a positive self-image and effects of fear conditioning prove to be determining shoplifting. Eagerness to consume proves to be a significant driving force for this behaviour. Shoplifters experienced predominantly non-material motives for consumption. The detailed hierarchic system of categories provides a basis for further quantitative research in the possible form of a questionnaire. This model also serves to conclude preventative or therapeutic interventions against shoplifting. The concept of 'kleptomania', otherwise known as 'pathological stealing', is discussed in view of the results.
High capacity spatial multimode quantum memories based on atomic ensembles
Creators: name: Grodecka-Grad, Anna
name: Zeuthen, Emil
name: Sørensen, Anders S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spatial multimode quantum memories based on light storage in extended ensembles of Lambda-type atoms. We show that such quantum light-matter interfaces allow for highly efficient storage of many spatial modes. In particular, forward operating memories possess excellent scaling with the important physical parameters: quadratic scaling with the Fresnel number and even cubic with the optical depth of the atomic ensemble. Thus, the simultaneous use of both the longitudinal and transverse shape of the stored spin wave modes constitutes a valuable and so far overlooked resource for multimode quantum memories.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, published version
title: Prädiktoren der Intention zum didaktischen Einsatz von digitalen Medien im Unterricht – Überführung der Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) in ein schulisches Untersuchungssetting
Creators: name: Tappe, Eik-Henning
Publisher: name: Knaus, Thomas
Year: 2019

description: Auch wenn schulische Lehrpersonen nachgewiesenermaßen im Vergleich zu anderen Berufsgruppen überdurchschnittlich gut mit digitalen Medien ausgestattet sind und diese ausgiebig für die berufliche Kommunikation und Arbeitsprozesse nutzen, scheint der mediendidaktische Einsatz im schulischen Unterricht noch ein Novum zu sein. Im Folgenden wird die Vorarbeit zur Studie Lernen durch Mediengestaltung – Entwicklung eines Konzeptes zur Unterstützung mediendidaktischer Lehre im Schulalltag (Tappe 2018) vorgestellt, in der Faktoren eruiert werden, die einen didaktischen Einsatz von digitalen Medien im Unterricht fördern oder verhindern können. Dazu wird auf das Modell der Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) zurückgegriffen. Um diese aus der Akzeptanzforschung stammende Theorie in ein didaktisches Setting zu überführen, sind gewisse Anpassungen notwendig. Die ersten Ergebnisse einer daran anschließenden Fragebogenstudie werden mit Hilfe einer regressionsanalytischen Auswertung beleuchtet, die in eine vorläufige Hypothese mündet. In dieser wird die Behauptung aufgestellt, dass ein langfristiger didaktischer Einsatz von digitalen Medien vor allem mit einer positiven affektiven Einstellung sowie mit einem gesteigerten Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept im Hinblick auf mediendidaktisches Arbeiten einhergeht.
Preventive Conservation
Creators: name: Heritage, Adrian
name: Sawdy-Heritage, Alison
name: Schwarz, Hans-Jürgen
name: Wendler, Eberhard
Publisher: name: Hans-Jürgen Schwarz und Michael Steiger
Year: 2009
Subjects: Conservation Restoration

description: Within the context of salts-related deterioration of cultural property, objects are often exposed to direct weathering. Objects in museum environments are also often affected by salts which develop from gaseous emissions from storage materials and showcases.
In: Hans-Jürgen Schwarz and Michael Steiger (eds.), Salzschäden an Kulturgütern - Stand des Wissens und Forschungsdefizite, Hannover 2009, pp. 127 -134.