cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cardiac regenerative potential of cardiosphere-derived cells from adult dog hearts
Creators: name: Meurs, Kathryn
name: Li, Tao-Sheng
name: Cheng, Ke
name: de Andrade, James
name: Piedrahita, Jorge
name: Tang, Junnan
name: Caranasos, Thomas G.
name: Hensley, Michael Taylor
name: Keene, Bruce
name: Wang, Zegen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The regenerative potential of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) for ischaemic heart disease has been demonstrated in mice, rats, pigs and a recently completed clinical trial. The regenerative potential of CDCs from dog hearts has yet to be tested. Here, we show that canine CDCs can be produced from adult dog hearts. These cells display similar phenotypes in comparison to previously studied CDCs derived from rodents and human beings. Canine CDCs can differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vitro. In addition, conditioned media from canine CDCs promote angiogenesis but inhibit cardiomyocyte death. In a doxorubicin-induced mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), intravenous infusion of canine CDCs improves cardiac function and decreases cardiac fibrosis. Histology revealed that injected canine CDCs engraft in the mouse heart and increase capillary density. Out study demonstrates the regenerative potential of canine CDCs in a mouse model of DCM.
Selective targeting of bioengineered platelets to prostate cancer vasculature: new paradigm for therapeutic modalities
Creators: name: Montecinos, Viviana P.
name: San Francisco, Ignacio F.
name: Burns, Sarah
name: Morales, Claudio H.
name: Smith, Gary J.
name: Fischer, Thomas H.
name: Godoy, Alejandro S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) provides palliation for most patients with advanced prostate cancer (CaP); however, greater than 80% subsequently fail ADT. ADT has been indicated to induce an acute but transient destabilization of the prostate vasculature in animal models and humans. Human re-hydrated lyophilized platelets (hRL-P) were investigated as a prototype for therapeutic agents designed to target selectively the tumour-associated vasculature in CaP. The ability of hRL-P to bind the perturbed endothelial cells was tested using thrombin- and ADP-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), as well as primary xenografts of human prostate tissue undergoing acute vascular involution in response to ADT. hRL-P adhered to activated HUVEC in a dose-responsive manner. Systemically administered hRL-P, and hRL-P loaded with super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, selectively targeted the ADT-damaged human microvasculature in primary xenografts of human prostate tissue. This study demonstrated that hRL-P pre-loaded with chemo-therapeutics or nanoparticles could provide a new paradigm for therapeutic modalities to prevent the rebound/increase in prostate vasculature after ADT, inhibiting the transition to castration-recurrent growth.
Experimental Observation of Bohr's Nonlinear Fluidic Surface Oscillation
Creators: name: Moon, Songky
name: Shin, Younghoon
name: Kwak, Hojeong
name: Yang, Juhee
name: Lee, Sang-Bum
name: Kim, Soyun
name: An, Kyungwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Niels Bohr in the early stage of his career developed a nonlinear theory of fluidic surface oscillation in order to study surface tension of liquids. His theory includes the nonlinear interaction between multipolar surface oscillation modes, surpassing the linear theory of Rayleigh and Lamb. It predicts a specific normalized magnitude of $0.41\dot{6}η^2$ for an octapolar component, nonlinearly induced by a quadrupolar one with a magnitude of $η$ much less than unity. No experimental confirmation on this prediction has been reported. Nonetheless, accurate determination of multipolar components is important as in optical fiber spinning, film blowing and recently in optofluidic microcavities for ray and wave chaos studies and photonics applications. Here, we report experimental verification of his theory. By using optical forward diffraction, we measured the cross-sectional boundary profiles at extreme positions of a surface-oscillating liquid column ejected from a deformed microscopic orifice. We obtained a coefficient of $0.42\pm0.08$ consistently under various experimental conditions. We also measured the resonance mode spectrum of a two-dimensional cavity formed by the cross-sectional segment of the liquid jet. The observed spectra agree well with wave calculations assuming a coefficient of $0.415\pm0.010$. Our measurements establish the first experimental observation of Bohr's hydrodynamic theory.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Open-Access-Publikationsstrategie eines Centers for Advanced Studies: Das CALAS und die Essayreihe "Afrontar las crisis" in der digitalen Landschaft zwischen Lateinamerika und Europa
Creators: name: Pollvogt, Nadine
name: Breuer, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: CALAS
Lateinamerika
Regionalstudien
Publikationsstrategie
Internationalisierung

description: Das Center for Advanced Latin American Studies (CALAS) ist seit 2017 eines der regionalwissenschaftlichen Zentren der Maria Sibilla Merian Initiative des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF). Als zentrale Publikationsform entwickelt das CALAS die Essayreihe „Afrontar las crisis desde América Latina“ in der die GastwissenschaftlerInnen des Zentrums ihre Forschungsergebnisse in Form des Essays für ein breiteres Publikum aufbereiten und die durch ein Netzwerk von fünf internationalen Universitätsverlagen in Lateinamerika und Deutschland sowohl als Printausgabe als auch als frei zugängliches ebook veröffentlicht wird. Gerade Lateinamerika zeichnet sich durch einen sehr fragmentierten Buchmarkt und große soziale Ungleichheit im Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Publikationen aus. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat sich das CALAS zum Ziel gesetzt, die Forschungsergebnisse der Fellows einem möglichst breiten Publikum in Lateinamerika, Europa, den USA sowie der internationalen Fachöffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen und setzt dabei auf eine Open Access-Publikationsstrategie. In unserem Vortrag möchten wir die Publikationsstrategie einer zentralen Einrichtung der deutschen Regionalwissenschaften vorstellen sowie offene Fragen, die sich aus dem internationalen und überregionalen Zuschnitt unserer Publikationstätigkeit ergeben, diskutieren. Hierfür wollen wir a) die wissenschaftliche Zielsetzung und Forschung des CALAS vor dem Hintergrund des fragmentierten Buchmarktes und ungleichen Zugangs zu wissenschaftlichen Publikationen in der Region umreißen, b) die Open-Access Publikationstätigkeit des CALAS vorstellen, wobei ein Fokus auf den Erfolgen wie auch den Grenzen bei der OA-Publikation der der Reihe „Afrontar las crisis“ liegen wird, c) offene Fragen hinsichtlich der Ausrichtung einer OA-Publikationsstrategie im Kontext der Internationalisierung von Forschung diskutieren.
On Quantitizing
Creators: name: Sandelowski, Margarete
name: Voils, Corrine I.
name: Knafl, George
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Quantitizing, commonly understood to refer to the numerical translation, transformation, or conversion of qualitative data, has become a staple of mixed methods research. Typically glossed are the foundational assumptions, judgments, and compromises involved in converting disparate data sets into each other and whether such conversions advance inquiry. Among these assumptions are that qualitative and quantitative data constitute two kinds of data, that quantitizing constitutes a unidirectional process essentially different from qualitizing, and that counting is an unambiguous process. Among the judgments are deciding what and how to count. Among the compromises are balancing numerical precision with narrative complexity. The standpoints of “conditional complementarity,” “critical remediation,” and “analytic alternation” clarify the added value of converting qualitative data into quantitative form.
Nonlocal field theory of quasiparticle scattering in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Caio C. Holanda
name: Fischer, Uwe R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the propagation of quasiparticle excitations in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate, and derive a nonlocal field theory of quasiparticle scattering at a stepwise inhomogeneity of the sound speed, obtained by tuning the contact coupling part of the interaction on one side of the barrier. To solve this problem $ab$ $initio$, i.e., without prior assumptions on the form of the solutions, we reformulate the dipolar Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation as a singular integral equation. The latter is of a $novel$ $hypersingular$ type, in having a kernel which is hypersingular at only two isolated points. Deriving its solution, we show that the integral equation reveals a continuum of evanescent channels at the sound barrier which is absent for a purely contact-interaction condensate. We furthermore demonstrate that by performing a discrete approximation for the kernel, one achieves an excellent solution accuracy for already a moderate number of discretization steps. Finally, we show that the non-monotonic nature of the system dispersion, corresponding to the emergence of a roton minimum in the excitation spectrum, results in peculiar features of the transmission and reflection at the sound barrier which are nonexistent for contact interactions.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
An inverse problem for the fractional porous medium equation
Creators: name: Li, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R11, 35R30

description: We consider a time-independent variable coefficients fractional porous medium equation and formulate an associated inverse problem. We determine both the conductivity and the absorption coefficient from exterior partial measurements of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. Our approach relies on a time-integral transform technique as well as the unique continuation property of the fractional operator.
(400463) Ann Gall
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Strong Ultraviolet Pulse From a Newborn Type Ia Supernova
Creators: name: Cao, Yi
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Howell, D. Andrew
name: Gal-Yam, Avishay
name: Kasliwal, Mansi M.
name: Valenti, Stefano
name: Johansson, J.
name: Amanullah, R.
name: Goobar, A.
name: Sollerman, J.
name: Taddia, F.
name: Horesh, Assaf
name: Sagiv, Ilan
name: Cenko, S. Bradley
name: Nugent, Peter E.
name: Arcavi, Iair
name: Surace, Jason
name: Woźniak, P. R.
name: Moody, Daniela I.
name: Rebbapragada, Umaa D.
name: Bue, Brian D.
name: Gehrels, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type Ia supernovae are destructive explosions of carbon oxygen white dwarfs. Although they are used empirically to measure cosmological distances, the nature of their progenitors remains mysterious, One of the leading progenitor models, called the single degenerate channel, hypothesizes that a white dwarf accretes matter from a companion star and the resulting increase in its central pressure and temperature ignites thermonuclear explosion. Here we report observations of strong but declining ultraviolet emission from a Type Ia supernova within four days of its explosion. This emission is consistent with theoretical expectations of collision between material ejected by the supernova and a companion star, and therefore provides evidence that some Type Ia supernovae arise from the single degenerate channel.
description: Accepted for publication on the 21 May 2015 issue of Nature
(400464) Christina Gall
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Mapping the Mixed Methods–Mixed Research Synthesis Terrain
Creators: name: Sandelowski, Margarete
name: Leeman, Jennifer
name: Crandell, Jamie L.
name: Voils, Corrine I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Mixed methods–mixed research synthesis is a form of systematic review in which the findings of qualitative and quantitative studies are integrated via qualitative and/or quantitative methods. Although methodological advances have been made, efforts to differentiate research synthesis methods have been too focused on methods and not focused enough on the defining logics of research synthesis—each of which may be operationalized in different ways—or on the research findings themselves that are targeted for synthesis. The conduct of mixed methods–mixed research synthesis studies may more usefully be understood in terms of the logics of aggregation and configuration. Neither logic is preferable to the other nor tied exclusively to any one method or to any one side of the qualitative/quantitative binary.
title: User Propagators for Satisfiability Modulo Custom Theories
Creators: name: Eisenhofer, Clemens
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: program verification
subject: SMT solving
subject: automated reasoning

description: Die Möglichkeit des vollautomatisierten Beweisens oder Widerlegens von logischen Formeln ist bereits seit längerem Realität geworden. Solver finden heutzutage ihre Anwendung sowohl in der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, als auch in nichtwissenschaftlicher Anwendungssoftware. Die Bandbreite verschiedener Solver und Technologien (SAT, SMT, MIP, CSP, ...) ist groß, wodurch für viele Kategorien von Problemen bereits effiziente Software verfügbar ist; allerdings ist dies nicht in allen Fällen so. Ausgefallenere Problemstellungen können oftmals, wenn überhaupt, nur unter Inkaufnahme von schlechterer Leistung mit bestehenden Systemen gelöst werden. Ein Ansatz, dieses Problem zu lösen, ist es, die benötigten Erweiterungen in bereits bestehende und im Allgemeinen auch schnelle Solver zu integrieren. Diese Arbeit präsentiert User-Propagation, welche im Z3 SMT-Solver implementiert wurde. Diese ermöglicht es Benutzern ohne direkte Änderungen an dem Quellcode des Solvers, in den Argumentationsprozess des Solvers einzugreifen, um so weitere Funktionen (Theorien) hinzuzufügen oder die Performanz beim Lösen konkreter Probleme zu verbessern.Die Arbeitsweise des User-Propagators wird einerseits theoretisch beleuchtet, andererseits werden auch mögliche Probleme und Eigenheiten anhand von konkreten Anwendungsfällen diskutiert.
description: Finding proofs or counterexamples completely automatically has been reality for quite some time now. In the present days, solvers are used in scientific research, as well as in non-scientific application software. The range of different logic solvers and technologies (SAT, SMT, MIP, CSP, ...) is large. That is why efficient software is already available for solving many categories of problems; but not for all. Users occasionally provide problems that the solver either cannot process at all, or cannot process efficiently. One way to solve this problem is for the user to integrate the requisite extensions into established and general-purpose solvers. This work presents user propagation, which has been implemented in the Z3 SMT solver. User propagation allows users to intervene in the solver's reasoning process without having to change the solver's source code. This way, new features (theories) can be implemented or the solving performance can be improved by exploiting domain-specific knowledge.The operation of the user propagator is first explained theoretically, then some implementation problems and peculiarities are discussed on the basis of concrete use cases.
(400465) Charles Gall
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Full results from Differential allocation of parental investment and the trade-off between size and number of offspring.
Creators: name: Ratikainen, Irja Ida
name: Haaland, Thomas Ray
name: Wright, Jonathan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this ESM all results for all scenarios are illustrated graphically
PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIAC ACTIVITY
Creators: name: Aliyeva, Gavharoy
name: Holmirzayeva, Muhlisa
name: Ikromiddinov, Asliddin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: "Physiology of cardiac activity" discusses the intricate workings of the heart and the physiological processes involved in regulating its activity. The annotation provides a comprehensive overview of the topic, including the structure and function of the heart, the cardiac cycle, and the electrical conduction system. Additionally, it explores the regulation of cardiac activity through the autonomic nervous system and hormonal control. The annotation may also touch upon common cardiac disorders and the importance of understanding the physiology behind cardiac activity for medical professionals and researchers in the field of cardiology. This topic is essential for anyone interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that drive the pumping action of the heart and its role in maintaining overall body function.
Antitumor Agents. 289. Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Breast Cancer Activity in Vivo of 4-Amino-2 H -benzo[ h ]chromen-2-one and 4-Amino-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-2 H -benzo[ h ]chromen-2-one Analogues with Improved Water Solubility
Creators: name: Kim, Yoon
name: Dong, Yizhou
name: Nakagawa-Goto, Kyoko
name: Lee, Eva Y.-H. P.
name: Morris-Natschke, Susan L.
name: Bastow, Kenneth F.
name: Lai, Chin-Yu
name: Lee, Kuo-Hsiung
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Previously, we reported that 4-amino-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one (ABO) and 4-amino-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one (ATBO) analogues, which were developed from the lead natural produce neo-tanshinlactone, are potent cytotoxic agents. In order to improve on their water solubility, the diamino analogues and related salts were designed. All synthesized compounds were assayed for cytotoxicity, and selected compounds were evaluated for in vivo anti-mammary epithelial proliferation activity in wild-type mice and mice predisposed for mammary tumors due to Brca1/p53 mutations. The new derivatives 10, 16 (ABO), 22, and 27 (ATBO) were the most active analogues with IC50 values of 0.038–0.085 μM in the cytotoxicity assay. Analogue 10 showed around 50-fold improved water solubility compared with the prior lead ABO compound 4-[(4'-methoxyphenyl)amino]-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one (3). Compounds 3, 4, 10, and 22 significantly reduced overall numbers of mammary cells as indicated by the reduction of mammary gland branching in mutant mice. A one-week treatment with 10 resulted in 80% reduction in BrdU-positive cells in the cancer prone mammary gland. These four compounds had differential effects on cellular proliferation and apoptosis in wild-type mouse and mouse model of human breast cancers. Compound 10 merits further development as a promising anticancer clinical trial candidate.
Bis-spirolabdane Diterpenoids from Leonotis nepetaefolia
Creators: name: Li, Jun
name: Zjawiony, Jordan K.
name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Ferreira, Daneel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Ten new bis-spirolabdane diterpenoids, leonepetaefolins A–E (1, 3, 5, 7, 9) and 15-epi-leonepetaefolins A-E (2, 4, 6, 8, 10), together with eight known labdane diterpenoids (11–18) as well as two known flavonoids apigenin and cirsiliol, were isolated from the leaves of Leonotis nepetaefolia. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of 1D-and 2D-NMR experiments including 1H, 13C, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY. The absolute configuration of an epimeric mixture of 1 and 2 was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The compounds isolated were evaluated for their binding propensity in several CNS G protein-coupled receptor assays in vitro.
Finding Deviated Behaviors of the Compressed DNN Models for Image Classifications
Creators: name: Tian, Yongqiang
name: Zhang, Wuqi
name: Wen, Ming
name: Cheung, Shing-Chi
name: Sun, Chengnian
name: Ma, Shiqing
name: Jiang, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Model compression can significantly reduce the sizes of deep neural network (DNN) models, and thus facilitates the dissemination of sophisticated, sizable DNN models, especially for their deployment on mobile or embedded devices. However, the prediction results of compressed models may deviate from those of their original models. To help developers thoroughly understand the impact of model compression, it is essential to test these models to find those deviated behaviors before dissemination. However, this is a non-trivial task because the architectures and gradients of compressed models are usually not available. To this end, we propose DFLARE, a novel, search-based, black-box testing technique to automatically find triggering inputs that result in deviated behaviors in image classification tasks. DFLARE iteratively applies a series of mutation operations to a given seed image, until a triggering input is found. For better efficacy and efficiency, DFLARE models the search problem as Markov Chains and leverages the Metropolis-Hasting algorithm to guide the selection of mutation operators in each iteration. Further, DFLARE utilizes a novel fitness function to prioritize the mutated inputs that either cause large differences between two models' outputs, or trigger previously unobserved models' probability vectors. We evaluated DFLARE on 21 compressed models for image classification tasks with three datasets. The results show that DFLARE outperforms the baseline in terms of efficacy and efficiency. We also demonstrated that the triggering inputs found by DFLARE can be used to repair up to 48.48% deviated behaviors in image classification tasks and further decrease the effectiveness of DFLARE on the repaired models.
description: This is the author version. The DOI of the published version is http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3583564. Please see the full abstract in the pdf
Isolation, Structure Determination, and Anti-HIV Evaluation of Tigliane-Type Diterpenes and Biflavonoid from Stellera chamaejasme
Creators: name: Chen, Chin-Ho
name: Watanabe, Takashi
name: Morris-Natschke, Susan L.
name: Qian, Keduo
name: Sukemori, Aya
name: Lu, Yan
name: Yoshikawa, Takafumi
name: Asada, Yoshihisa
name: Nakagawa-Goto, Kyoko
name: Koike, Kazuo
name: Li, Wei
name: Akiyama, Toshiyuki
name: Malla, Kuber J.
name: Kuang, Xinzhu
name: Lee, Kuo-Hsiung
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Five novel tigliane-type diterpenes, stelleracins A–E (3–7), a novel flavanone dimer, chamaeflavone A (8), and six known compounds were isolated from roots of Stellera chamaejasme. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV activity in MT4 cells. New compounds 3–5 showed potent anti-HIV activity (EC90 0.00056–0.0068 μM) and relatively low or no cytotoxicity (IC50 4.4–17.2 μM). These new compounds represent promising new leads for development into anti-AIDS clinical trial candidates.
(400466) Thomas Gall
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Primordial Black Hole Generation in a Two-field Inflationary Model
Creators: name: Anguelova, Lilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize our work on the generation of primordial black holes in a type of two-field inflationary models. The key ingredient is a sharp turn of the background trajectory in field space. We show that certain classes of solutions to the equations of motion exhibit precisely this kind of behavior. Among them we find solutions, which describe a transition between an ultra-slow roll and a slow roll phases of inflation.
description: 10 pages, contribution to the proceedings of the 14th international workshop "Lie Theory and its Applications in Physics", June 2021
Songaricalarins A–E, Cytotoxic Oplopane Sesquiterpenes from Ligularia songarica
Creators: name: Chen, Tzu-Hsuan
name: Bastow, Kenneth F.
name: Morris-Natschke, Susan L.
name: Lee, Kuo-Hsiung
name: Chen, Dao-Feng
name: Wang, Qi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Five new highly oxygenated oplopane sesquiterpenes, songaricalarins A–E (1–5), and two known analogues (6 and 7) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Ligularia songarica. Their structures and configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 2D-NMR techniques, and the structure of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against cultured A-549, MCF-7, KB, and KBVIN cells, and 4 exhibited cytotoxicity with EC50 values of 4.9, 0.8, 3.4, and 3.2 µg/mL, respectively.
Notolutesins A–J, Dolabrane-Type Diterpenoids from the Chinese Liverwort Notoscyphus lutescens
Creators: name: Morris-Natschke, Susan L.
name: Hu, Xiao-Yan
name: Kang, Ya-Qi
name: Yuan, Hui-Qing
name: Zhang, Jiao-Zhen
name: Lou, Hong-Xiang
name: Lee, Kuo-Hsiung
name: Zhou, Jin-Chuan
name: Wu, Jing-Yi
name: Guo, Yan-Xia
name: Li, Rui-Juan
name: Zhu, Rong-Xiu
name: Lin, Zhao-Min
name: Wang, Song
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Ten new dolabrane-type diterpenoids, notolutesins A–J (1–10), were isolated from the Chinese liverwort Notoscyphus lutescens, along with four known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data, and that of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by comparing its experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. All of the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against a small panel of human cancer cell lines, and compound 1 exhibited an IC50 value of 6.2 μM against the PC3 human prostate cancer cell line.
Optimal strategy to capture a skittish lamb wandering near a precipice
Creators: name: Chupeau, M.
name: Bénichou, O.
name: Redner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the splitting probabilities for a one-dimensional Brownian motion in a cage whose two boundaries move at constant speeds $c_1$ and $c_2$. This configuration corresponds to the capture of a diffusing, but skittish lamb, with an approaching shepherd on the left and a precipice on the right. We derive compact expressions for these splitting probabilities when the cage is expanding. We also obtain the time-dependent first-passage probability to the left boundary, as well as the splitting probability to this boundary, when the cage is either expanding or contracting. The boundary motions have a non-trivial impact on the splitting probabilities, leading to multiple regimes of behavior that depend on the expansion or contraction speed of the cage. In particular, the probability to capture the lamb is maximized when the shepherd moves at a non-zero optimal speed if the initial lamb position and the ratio between the two boundary speeds satisfy certain conditions.
Full results from Differential allocation of parental investment and the trade-off between size and number of offspring
Creators: name: Ratikainen, Irja Ida
name: Haaland, Thomas Ray
name: Wright, Jonathan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this ESM all results for all scenarios are illustrated graphically
(400461) Mary [Gall]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(400462) James Gall
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Stelleralides D–J and Anti-HIV Daphnane Diterpenes from Stellera chamaejasme
Creators: name: Zhao, Yu
name: Lee, Kuo-Hsiung
name: Chen, Chin-Ho
name: Chen, Dao-Feng
name: Yan, Min
name: Lu, Yan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Bioassay-guided fractionation of a petroleum ether extract of the roots of Stellera chamaejasme led to the isolation of seven new (stelleralides D-J, 1-7) and 12 known (8-19) daphnane diterpenoids. The structures and relative configurations of 1-7 were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS and comprehensive NMR techniques. All isolates were evaluated for anti-HIV activity in MT4 cells. All compounds tested, except 2, showed anti-HIV activity, and, especially, five 1α-alkyldaphnane diterpenoids (3, 4, 5, 10, and 11) exhibited extremely potent anti-HIV activity, with EC50 values of 0.06-1.1 nM and selectivity index values of more than 10,000.
Mitigating Barren Plateaus with Transfer-learning-inspired Parameter Initializations
Creators: name: Liu, Huan-Yu
name: Sun, Tai-Ping
name: Wu, Yu-Chun
name: Han, Yong-Jian
name: Guo, Guo-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are widely applied in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era and are expected to demonstrate quantum advantage. However, training VQAs faces difficulties, one of which is the so-called barren plateaus (BP) phenomenon, where gradients of cost functions vanish exponentially with the number of qubits. In this paper, inspired by transfer learning, where knowledge of pre-solved tasks could be further used in a different but related work with training efficiency improved, we report a parameter initialization method to mitigate BP. In the method, a small-sized task is solved with a VQA. Then the ansatz and its optimum parameters are transferred to tasks with larger sizes. Numerical simulations show that this method could mitigate BP and improve training efficiency. A brief discussion on how this method can work well is also provided. This work provides a reference for mitigating BP, and therefore, VQAs could be applied to more practical problems.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 tables
Viral Vector: An emerging tool for gene therapy
Creators: name: Harsh Rajeshbhai Jogi*1 , Nabaneeta Smaraki1 , Sonali Sonejita Nayak2, , Ashok Chaudhary2  , Kaushal Kishor Rajak3
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2023
Subjects: gene therapy
genetic disease
viral vector

description: The science of gene therapy has achieved huge success in the last few decades. The technique has given a new ray of hope to the patients who are suffering with lethal genetic diseases. The viral vector-based strategy of gene therapy has permitted scientists and doctors to create potent advanced therapeutic platforms. Past few years have revolutionized the field of gene therapy by the development of numerous drugs based on viral vectors that have gained regulatory approval for clinical applications. Presently, there are three major viral vector-based strategies, which are based on adeno, adeno-associated and lenti virus. However, there are certain challenges which silently limit the evolution of these approaches.
(400459) David Kidd
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Efficient Low-Redundancy Codes for Correcting Multiple Deletions
Creators: name: Brakensiek, Joshua
name: Guruswami, Venkatesan
name: Zbarsky, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of constructing binary codes to recover from $k$-bit deletions with efficient encoding/decoding, for a fixed $k$. The single deletion case is well understood, with the Varshamov-Tenengolts-Levenshtein code from 1965 giving an asymptotically optimal construction with $\approx 2^n/n$ codewords of length $n$, i.e., at most $\log n$ bits of redundancy. However, even for the case of two deletions, there was no known explicit construction with redundancy less than $n^{Ω(1)}$. For any fixed $k$, we construct a binary code with $c_k \log n$ redundancy that can be decoded from $k$ deletions in $O_k(n \log^4 n)$ time. The coefficient $c_k$ can be taken to be $O(k^2 \log k)$, which is only quadratically worse than the optimal, non-constructive bound of $O(k)$. We also indicate how to modify this code to allow for a combination of up to $k$ insertions and deletions.
description: The published version of this paper claimed in an appendix a rate limitation of linear deletion codes. This claim is false and has been retracted in this version
Supplementary Materials from Do larger individuals cope with resource fluctuations better? An artificial selection approach.
Creators: name: Malerba, Martino E.
name: Palacios, Maria M.
name: Marshall, Dustin J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Size determines the rate at which organisms acquire and use resources but it is unclear what size should be favoured under unpredictable resource regimes. Some theories claim smaller organisms can grow faster following a resource pulse, whereas others argue larger species can accumulate more resources and maintain growth for longer periods between resource pulses. Testing these theories has relied on interspecific comparisons, which tend to confound body size with other life-history traits. As a more direct approach, we used 280 generations of artificial selection to evolve a 10-fold difference in mean body size between small- and large-selected phytoplankton lineages of Dunaliella tertiolecta, while controlling for biotic and abiotic variables. We then quantified how body size affected the ability of this species to grow at nutrient-replete conditions and following periods of nitrogen or phosphorous deprivation. Overall, smaller cells showed slower growth, lower storage capacity and poorer recovery from phosphorous depletion, as predicted by the ‘fasting endurance hypothesis'. However, recovery from nitrogen limitation was independent of size—a finding unanticipated by current theories. Phytoplankton species are responsible for much of the global carbon fixation and projected trends of cell size decline could reduce primary productivity by lowering the ability of a cell to store resources.
Optogenetic versus electrical stimulation of dopamine terminals in the nucleus accumbens reveals local modulation of presynaptic release
Creators: name: Melchior, James R.
name: Stuber, Garret D.
name: Ferris, Mark J.
name: Riddle, David R.
name: Jones, Sara R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The nucleus accumbens is highly heterogeneous, integrating regionally distinct afferent projections and accumbal interneurons, resulting in diverse local microenvironments. Dopamine (DA) neuron terminals similarly express a heterogeneous collection of terminal receptors that modulate DA signaling. Cyclic voltammetry is often used to probe DA terminal dynamics in brain slice preparations; however, this method traditionally requires electrical stimulation to induce DA release. Electrical stimulation excites all of the neuronal processes in the stimulation field, potentially introducing simultaneous, multi-synaptic modulation of DA terminal release. We used optogenetics to selectively stimulate DA terminals and used voltammetry to compare DA responses from electrical and optical stimulation of the same area of tissue around a recording electrode. We found that with multiple pulse stimulation trains, optically stimulated DA release increasingly exceeded that of electrical stimulation. Furthermore, electrical stimulation produced inhibition of DA release across longer duration stimulations. The GABAB antagonist, CGP 55845, increased electrically stimulated DA release significantly more than light stimulated release. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, dihydro-β-erythroidine hydrobromide, inhibited single pulse electrically stimulated DA release while having no effect on optically stimulated DA release. Our results demonstrate that electrical stimulation introduces local multi-synaptic modulation of DA release that is absent with optogenetically targeted stimulation.
The forward approximation as a mean field approximation for the Anderson and Many Body Localization transitions
Creators: name: Pietracaprina, Francesca
name: Ros, Valentina
name: Scardicchio, Antonello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze the predictions of the forward approximation in some models which exhibit an Anderson (single-) or many-body localized phase. This approximation, which consists in summing over the amplitudes of only the shortest paths in the locator expansion, is known to over-estimate the critical value of the disorder which determines the onset of the localized phase. Nevertheless, the results provided by the approximation become more and more accurate as the local coordination (dimensionality) of the graph, defined by the hopping matrix, is made larger. In this sense, the forward approximation can be regarded as a mean field theory for the Anderson transition in infinite dimensions. The sum can be efficiently computed using transfer matrix techniques, and the results are compared with the most precise exact diagonalization results available. For the Anderson problem, we find a critical value of the disorder which is $0.9\%$ off the most precise available numerical value already in 5 spatial dimensions, while for the many-body localized phase of the Heisenberg model with random fields the critical disorder $h_c=4.0\pm 0.3$ is strikingly close to the most recent results obtained by exact diagonalization. In both cases we obtain a critical exponent $ν=1$. In the Anderson case, the latter does not show dependence on the dimensionality, as it is common within mean field approximations. We discuss the relevance of the correlations between the shortest paths for both the single- and many-body problems, and comment on the connections of our results with the problem of directed polymers in random medium.
(400460) Ann Knight
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Crossover of Ising- to Rashba-Type Superconductivity in Epitaxial Bi2Se3/Monolayer NbSe2 Heterostructures
Creators: name: Yi, Hemian
name: Hu, Lun-Hui
name: Wang, Yuanxi
name: Xiao, Run
name: Cai, Jiaqi
name: Hickey, Danielle Reifsnyder
name: Dong, Chengye
name: Zhao, Yi-Fan
name: Zhou, Ling-Jie
name: Zhang, Ruoxi
name: Richardella, Anthony R.
name: Alem, Nasim
name: Robinson, Joshua A.
name: Chan, Moses H. W.
name: Xu, Xiaodong
name: Samarth, Nitin
name: Liu, Chao-Xing
name: Chang, Cui-Zu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A topological insulator (TI) interfaced with an s-wave superconductor has been predicted to host an unusual form of superconductivity known as topological superconductivity (TSC). Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been the primary approach in the scalable synthesis of the TI/superconductor heterostructures. Although the growth of epitaxial TI films on s-wave superconductors has been achieved, it remains an outstanding challenge for synthesizing atomically thin TI/superconductor heterostructures, which are critical for engineering the TSC phase. Here, we used MBE to grow Bi2Se3 films with the controlled thickness on monolayer NbSe2 and performed in-situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and ex-situ magneto-transport measurements on these Bi2Se3/monolayer NbSe2 heterostructures. We found that the emergence of Rashba-type bulk quantum well bands and spin-nondegenerate surface states coincides with a marked suppression of the in-plane upper critical magnetic field of the superconductivity in Bi2Se3/monolayer NbSe2 heterostructures. This is the signature of a crossover from Ising- to Rashba-type superconducting pairings, induced by altering Bi2Se3 film thickness. Our work opens a new route for exploring a robust TSC phase in TI/Ising superconductor heterostructures.
description: 27 pages, 4 pages, comments are welcome