cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
OptiCogs: feasibility of a multicomponent intervention to rehabilitate people with cognitive impairment post-stroke
Creators: name: O'Donoghue, Mairead
name: BOLAND, PAULINE
name: Taylor, Sinead
name: Hennessy, Edel
name: Murphy, Eva
name: leahy, siobhan
name: McManus, John
name: Lisiecka, Dominika
name: PURTILL, HELEN
name: Galvin, Rose
name: HAYES, SARA
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite the prevalence and associated burden of cognitive impairment post-stroke, there is uncertainty regarding optimal cognitive rehabilitation for people post-stroke. This study aimed to assess whether a multicomponent intervention, called OptiCogs, is feasible, acceptable, and safe for people with cognitive impairment post-stroke. A secondary aim was to explore changes in cognitive function, fatigue, quality of life, physical function, and occupational performance, from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Methods A feasibility study was conducted where people post-stroke with cognitive impairment enrolled in a 6-week multicomponent intervention. The primary outcomes recorded included response rate, recruitment rate, retention rate, adherence to the intervention protocol, adverse events, and acceptability of the intervention to people post-stroke. Secondary outcomes included (i) change in cognitive functioning using the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III, (ii) fatigue using the Fatigue Severity scale, (iii) quality of life using the Stroke Specific Quality of Life scale (iv) physical function using the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system, and (v) patient-reported occupational performance using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials extension reporting guidelines were followed, for pilot and feasibility studies, to standardize the conduct and reporting of this study. Results The response rate was 10.9%. Nine eligible participants were enrolled during the 4-month recruitment period, with eight participants completing the entire 6-week intervention, as well as the pre- and post-intervention outcome measures. There were no reported adverse events. Participants were satisfed with the intervention and found it acceptable overall. Results of the secondary outcomes were promising for cognitive function (ACE III, pre: 63.3±23.9 to post: 69±24.6), fatigue (FSS, pre: 52.5±7.3 to post: 45.6±7.2), quality of life (SSQoL, pre: 131.0±26.3 to post: 169.9±15.3), physical function (PROMIS-PF, pre: 15.5±6.3 to post: 15.8±5.3), and occupational performance (COPM performance, pre: 9.3±2.3 to post: 22.9±4.2) and COPM satisfaction, pre: 9.9±2.1 to post: 22.7±3.5). Conclusion Preliminary results suggest low-modest recruitment and high retention rates for the OptiCogs intervention. Changes in cognitive function, fatigue, quality of life, and self-reported occupational performance show improvement from pre- to post-intervention. These potential benefts require further testing in a larger pilot trial.
Modeling Host Genetic Regulation of Influenza Pathogenesis in the Collaborative Cross
Creators: name: Churchill, Gary A.
name: Whitmore, Alan C.
name: McWeeney, Shannon K.
name: Aylor, David L.
name: Bell, Timothy A.
name: Gralinski, Lisa E.
name: Haagmans, Bart L.
name: Bradel-Tretheway, Birgit
name: Miller, Darla R.
name: McMillan, Leonard
name: Aicher, Lauri D.
name: Katze, Michael G.
name: Bryan, Janine T.
name: Heise, Mark T.
name: Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Fernando
name: Ferris, Martin T.
name: Wang, Jeremy
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Rosenzweig, Elizabeth
name: Valdar, William
name: Threadgill, David W.
name: Buus, Ryan J.
name: Bottomly, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Genetic variation contributes to host responses and outcomes following infection by influenza A virus or other viral infections. Yet narrow windows of disease symptoms and confounding environmental factors have made it difficult to identify polymorphic genes that contribute to differential disease outcomes in human populations. Therefore, to control for these confounding environmental variables in a system that models the levels of genetic diversity found in outbred populations such as humans, we used incipient lines of the highly genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) recombinant inbred (RI) panel (the pre-CC population) to study how genetic variation impacts influenza associated disease across a genetically diverse population. A wide range of variation in influenza disease related phenotypes including virus replication, virus-induced inflammation, and weight loss was observed. Many of the disease associated phenotypes were correlated, with viral replication and virus-induced inflammation being predictors of virus-induced weight loss. Despite these correlations, pre-CC mice with unique and novel disease phenotype combinations were observed. We also identified sets of transcripts (modules) that were correlated with aspects of disease. In order to identify how host genetic polymorphisms contribute to the observed variation in disease, we conducted quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. We identified several QTL contributing to specific aspects of the host response including virus-induced weight loss, titer, pulmonary edema, neutrophil recruitment to the airways, and transcriptional expression. Existing whole-genome sequence data was applied to identify high priority candidate genes within QTL regions. A key host response QTL was located at the site of the known anti-influenza Mx1 gene. We sequenced the coding regions of Mx1 in the eight CC founder strains, and identified a novel Mx1 allele that showed reduced ability to inhibit viral replication, while maintaining protection from weight loss.
CERTIFICADO - Correntes Psicanalíticas: Freud, Reich e Jung
Creators: name: Da Silva Madureira Filho, Armando
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Certificado
Terapia
Holística

description: CERTIFICADO Atestamos que Armando da Silva Madureira Filho concluiu, com aproveitamento satisfatório e média de aprovação, o Módulo Correntes Psicanalíticas: Freud, Reich e Jung somando 72 horas /aula de crédito junto à CEATH - Comunidade de Estudos Avançados em Terapia Holística Mantenedora: Sociedade Das Artes - CNPJ 22.283.430/0001-09 Henrique Vieira Filho Docente CEATH - Comunidade de Estudos Avançados em Terapia Holística Curso Conveniado ao Conselho de Auto Regulamentação da Terapia Holística Sociedade Civil, com base territorial Nacional, sem vínculos com o Governo, que desenvolve padrões éticos e qualitativos para o correto exercício da Profissão
description: O Certificado, em sua versão arquivo PDF, contendo assinatura da Sociedade Das Artes (autenticada pela Adobe) e de seu diretor, Henrique Vieira Filho (autenticada pelo Governo Brasileiro, incluindo carimbo do tempo oficial) pode ser obtida no seguinte link (Blockchain / Cartório digital): https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmPsMBmnnMcK83nz7N2CjrkymnpWgrC2Y84RQXJhs8iR9a?filename=Certificados_2023_Armando_SociedadeDasArtes_assinado.pdf
Systemically Circulating Viral and Tumor-Derived MicroRNAs in KSHV-Associated Malignancies
Creators: name: Dittmer, Dirk P.
name: Henry, David H.
name: Chugh, Pauline E.
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Damania, Blossom
name: Menezes, Prema
name: Ozgur, Sezgin
name: Griffith, Jack
name: Sin, Sang-Hoon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are stable, small non-coding RNAs that modulate many downstream target genes. Recently, circulating miRNAs have been detected in various body fluids and within exosomes, prompting their evaluation as candidate biomarkers of diseases, especially cancer. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common AIDS-associated cancer and remains prevalent despite Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). KS is caused by KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a gamma herpesvirus also associated with Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL). We sought to determine the host and viral circulating miRNAs in plasma, pleural fluid or serum from patients with the KSHV-associated malignancies KS and PEL and from two mouse models of KS. Both KSHV-encoded miRNAs and host miRNAs, including members of the miR-17–92 cluster, were detectable within patient exosomes and circulating miRNA profiles from KSHV mouse models. Further characterization revealed a subset of miRNAs that seemed to be preferentially incorporated into exosomes. Gene ontology analysis of signature exosomal miRNA targets revealed several signaling pathways that are known to be important in KSHV pathogenesis. Functional analysis of endothelial cells exposed to patient-derived exosomes demonstrated enhanced cell migration and IL-6 secretion. This suggests that exosomes derived from KSHV-associated malignancies are functional and contain a distinct subset of miRNAs. These could represent candidate biomarkers of disease and may contribute to the paracrine phenotypes that are a characteristic of KS.
Unconstrained canonical action for, and positive energy of, massive spin 2
Creators: name: Deser, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Filling a much-needed gap, we exhibit the D=4 Fierz-Pauli (FP) massive s=2 action, and its--manifestly positive--energy, in terms of its 2s+1=5 unconstrained helicity (2,1,0) excitations, after reducing and diagonalizing the troublesome helicity-0 sector.
The Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn) Enhances Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Transcytosis across Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Anderson, Deborah J.
name: Phan, Tran B.
name: Pudney, Jeffrey
name: Joseph, Sarah B.
name: Landucci, Gary
name: Ping, Li-Hua
name: Corti, Davide
name: Gupta, Sandeep
name: Supnet, Medalyn Jude
name: Gach, Johannes S.
name: Ruprecht, Ruth M.
name: Hel, Zdenek
name: Burton, Dennis R.
name: Forthal, Donald N.
name: Moldt, Brian
name: Mestecky, Jiri
name: Becerra, Juan C.
name: Moldoveanu, Zina
name: Lanzavecchia, Antonio
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The mechanisms by which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) crosses mucosal surfaces to establish infection are unknown. Acidic genital secretions of HIV-1-infected women contain HIV-1 likely coated by antibody. We found that the combination of acidic pH and Env-specific IgG, including that from cervicovaginal and seminal fluids of HIV-1-infected individuals, augmented transcytosis across epithelial cells as much as 20-fold compared with Env-specific IgG at neutral pH or non-specific IgG at either pH. Enhanced transcytosis was observed with clinical HIV-1 isolates, including transmitted/founder strains, and was eliminated in Fc neonatal receptor (FcRn)-knockdown epithelial cells. Non-neutralizing antibodies allowed similar or less transcytosis than neutralizing antibodies. However, the ratio of total:infectious virus was higher for neutralizing antibodies, indicating that they allowed transcytosis while blocking infectivity of transcytosed virus. Immunocytochemistry revealed abundant FcRn expression in columnar epithelia lining the human endocervix and penile urethra. Acidity and Env-specific IgG enhance transcytosis of virus across epithelial cells via FcRn and could facilitate translocation of virus to susceptible target cells following sexual exposure.
Rotational hybridization, and control of alignment and orientation in triatomic ultralong-range Rydberg molecules
Creators: name: González-Férez, Rosario
name: Sadeghpour, H. R.
name: Schmelcher, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the electronic structure and rovibrational properties of an ultralong-range triatomic Rydberg molecule formed by a Rydberg atom and a ground state heteronuclear diatomic molecule. We focus here on interaction of Rb($27s$) Rydberg atom with KRb($N=0$) diatomic polar molecule. There's significant electronic hybridization of Rb($n=24$, $l\ge 3$) degenerate manifold. The polar diatomic molecule is allowed to rotate in the electric fields generated by the Rydberg electron and core as well as an external field. We investigate the metamorphosis of the Born-Oppenheimer potential curves, essential for the binding of the molecule, with varying electric field and analyze the resulting properties such as the vibrational structure and the alignment and orientation of the polar diatomic molecule.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Dark matter, dark energy and the time evolution of masses in the Universe
Creators: name: Sola, Joan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The traditional "explanation" for the observed acceleration of the universe is the existence of a positive cosmological constant. However, this can hardly be a truly convincing explanation, as an expanding universe is not expected to have a static vacuum energy density. So, it must be an approximation. This reminds us of the so-called fundamental "constants" of nature. Recent and past measurements of the fine structure constant and of the proton-electron mass ratio suggest that basic quantities of the standard model, such as the QCD scale parameter $Λ_{QCD}$, might not be conserved in the course of the cosmological evolution. The masses of the nucleons and of the atomic nuclei would be time-evolving. This can be consistent with General Relativity provided the vacuum energy itself is a dynamical quantity. Another framework realizing this possibility is QHD (Quantum Haplodynamics), a fundamental theory of bound states. If one assumes that its running couplings unify at the Planck scale and that such scale changes slowly with cosmic time, the masses of the nucleons and of the DM particles, including the cosmological term, will evolve with time. This could explain the dark energy of the universe.
description: Published in Int.J.Mod.Phys. A29 (2014) 2, 1444016. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1402.4106
Type I IFN Triggers RIG-I/TLR3/NLRP3-dependent Inflammasome Activation in Influenza A Virus Infected Cells
Creators: name: Skamene, Emil
name: Meunier, Isabelle
name: Pothlichet, Julien
name: Davis, Beckley K.
name: von Messling, Veronika
name: Ting, Jenny P-Y.
name: Vidal, Silvia M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Influenza A virus (IAV) triggers a contagious and potentially lethal respiratory disease. A protective IL-1β response is mediated by innate receptors in macrophages and lung epithelial cells. NLRP3 is crucial in macrophages; however, which sensors elicit IL-1β secretion in lung epithelial cells remains undetermined. Here, we describe for the first time the relative roles of the host innate receptors RIG-I (DDX58), TLR3, and NLRP3 in the IL-1β response to IAV in primary lung epithelial cells. To activate IL-1β secretion, these cells employ partially redundant recognition mechanisms that differ from those described in macrophages. RIG-I had the strongest effect through a MAVS/TRIM25/Riplet–dependent type I IFN signaling pathway upstream of TLR3 and NLRP3. Notably, RIG-I also activated the inflammasome through interaction with caspase 1 and ASC in primary lung epithelial cells. Thus, NS1, an influenza virulence factor that inhibits the RIG-I/type I IFN pathway, strongly modulated the IL-1β response in lung epithelial cells and in ferrets. The NS1 protein derived from a highly pathogenic strain resulted in increased interaction with RIG-I and inhibited type I IFN and IL-1β responses compared to the least pathogenic virus strains. These findings demonstrate that in IAV-infected lung epithelial cells RIG-I activates the inflammasome both directly and through a type I IFN positive feedback loop.
Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Promote Microbial Mutagenesis and Pathoadaptation in Chronic Infections
Creators: name: Kopp, Benjamin T.
name: Host, Kurtis M.
name: Jha, Anuvrat
name: Hollis, Thomas
name: Rockel, Andrea B.
name: Limoli, Dominique H.
name: Wozniak, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Acquisition of adaptive mutations is essential for microbial persistence during chronic infections. This is particularly evident during chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Thus far, mutagenesis has been attributed to the generation of reactive species by polymorphonucleocytes (PMN) and antibiotic treatment. However, our current studies of mutagenesis leading to P. aeruginosa mucoid conversion have revealed a potential new mutagen. Our findings confirmed the current view that reactive oxygen species can promote mucoidy in vitro, but revealed PMNs are proficient at inducing mucoid conversion in the absence of an oxidative burst. This led to the discovery that cationic antimicrobial peptides can be mutagenic and promote mucoidy. Of specific interest was the human cathelicidin LL-37, canonically known to disrupt bacterial membranes leading to cell death. An alternative role was revealed at sub-inhibitory concentrations, where LL-37 was found to induce mutations within the mucA gene encoding a negative regulator of mucoidy and to promote rifampin resistance in both P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The mechanism of mutagenesis was found to be dependent upon sub-inhibitory concentrations of LL-37 entering the bacterial cytosol and binding to DNA. LL-37/DNA interactions then promote translesion DNA synthesis by the polymerase DinB, whose error-prone replication potentiates the mutations. A model of LL-37 bound to DNA was generated, which reveals amino termini α-helices of dimerized LL-37 bind the major groove of DNA, with numerous DNA contacts made by LL-37 basic residues. This demonstrates a mutagenic role for antimicrobials previously thought to be insusceptible to resistance by mutation, highlighting a need to further investigate their role in evolution and pathoadaptation in chronic infections.
Supplementary materials
Creators: name: Matys, Jacek
name: Gedrange, Tomasz
name: Dominiak, Marzena
name: Grzech-Leśniak, Kinga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Supplementary materials
Supplementary Figure 1. Results of Shapiro-Wilk test for total bacteria count (TBC) in group 1 (G1).
Supplementary Figure 2. Results of Shapiro-Wilk test for total bacteria count (TBC) in group 2 (G2).
Supplementary Figure 3. Results of Shapiro-Wilk test for total bacteria count (TBC) in group 3 (G3).
Supplementary Figure 4. Results of Shapiro-Wilk test for aerosol amount in group 1 (G1).
Supplementary Figure 5. Results of Shapiro-Wilk test for aerosol amount in group 2 (G2).
Supplementary Figure 6. Results of Shapiro-Wilk test for aerosol amount in group 3 (G3).
Cryptococcus gattii VGIII Isolates Causing Infections in HIV/AIDS Patients in Southern California: Identification of the Local Environmental Source as Arboreal
Creators: name: Billmyre, R. Blake
name: Filler, Scott G.
name: Heitman, Joseph
name: Filler, Elan E.
name: May, Robin C.
name: Pursall, Rhiannon
name: Larsen, Robert A.
name: Dietrich, Fred S.
name: Mieczkowski, Piotr A.
name: Springer, Deborah J.
name: Voelz, Kerstin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Ongoing Cryptococcus gattii outbreaks in the Western United States and Canada illustrate the impact of environmental reservoirs and both clonal and recombining propagation in driving emergence and expansion of microbial pathogens. C. gattii comprises four distinct molecular types: VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV, with no evidence of nuclear genetic exchange, indicating these represent distinct species. C. gattii VGII isolates are causing the Pacific Northwest outbreak, whereas VGIII isolates frequently infect HIV/AIDS patients in Southern California. VGI, VGII, and VGIII have been isolated from patients and animals in the Western US, suggesting these molecular types occur in the environment. However, only two environmental isolates of C. gattii have ever been reported from California: CBS7750 (VGII) and WM161 (VGIII). The incongruence of frequent clinical presence and uncommon environmental isolation suggests an unknown C. gattii reservoir in California. Here we report frequent isolation of C. gattii VGIII MATα and MAT a isolates and infrequent isolation of VGI MATα from environmental sources in Southern California. VGIII isolates were obtained from soil debris associated with tree species not previously reported as hosts from sites near residences of infected patients. These isolates are fertile under laboratory conditions, produce abundant spores, and are part of both locally and more distantly recombining populations. MLST and whole genome sequence analysis provide compelling evidence that these environmental isolates are the source of human infections. Isolates displayed wide-ranging virulence in macrophage and animal models. When clinical and environmental isolates with indistinguishable MLST profiles were compared, environmental isolates were less virulent. Taken together, our studies reveal an environmental source and risk of C. gattii to HIV/AIDS patients with implications for the >1,000,000 cryptococcal infections occurring annually for which the causative isolate is rarely assigned species status. Thus, the C. gattii global health burden could be more substantial than currently appreciated.
The Multiple Facets of Software Diversity: Recent Developments in Year 2000 and Beyond
Creators: name: Baudry, Benoit
name: Monperrus, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Early experiments with software diversity in the mid 1970's investigated N-version programming and recovery blocks to increase the reliability of embedded systems. Four decades later, the literature about software diversity has expanded in multiple directions: goals (fault-tolerance, security, software engineering); means (managed or automated diversity) and analytical studies (quantification of diversity and its impact). Our paper contributes to the field of software diversity as the first paper that adopts an inclusive vision of the area, with an emphasis on the most recent advances in the field. This survey includes classical work about design and data diversity for fault tolerance, as well as the cybersecurity literature that investigates randomization at different system levels. It broadens this standard scope of diversity, to include the study and exploitation of natural diversity and the management of diverse software products. Our survey includes the most recent works, with an emphasis from 2000 to present. The targeted audience is researchers and practitioners in one of the surveyed fields, who miss the big picture of software diversity. Assembling the multiple facets of this fascinating topic sheds a new light on the field.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Histamine Levels and Hygienic Aspect of Little Tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) Musculature at Different Environment Time and Temperature
Creators: name: Mohamed, Wafaa A.
name: Hassanen, Eman I.
name: Mansour, Hayam A.
name: Mahmoud, Mahmoud A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: We investigated the effect of storage time and temperature on muscular histamine (HIS) contents in little tunny (LT). Fifty LT were preserved at various temperatures (0- 21°C). We collected muscles from several areas at 0-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24 h post-fishing for further examination. Throughout storage time and temperature, there was a significant increase in fish deterioration, HIS levels, and HFB count in abdominal > tail > dorsal muscle. Vitek2 gave 99% confidence identity of the highly histaminergic strains Lelliottia amnigena-1 and Acinetobacter haemolyticus. There was a positive correlation between HIS levels, HFB counts, and microscopic lesion scores during storage.
Cylindrical Ising Nanowire in an Oscillating Magnetic Field and Dynamic Compensation Temperature
Creators: name: Kantar, Ersin
name: Ertas, Mehmet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic properties of a nonequilibrium spin-1/2 cylindrical Ising nanowire system with core/shell in an oscillating magnetic field are studied by using a mean-field approach based on the Glauber-type stochastic dynamics (DMFT). We employ the Glaubertype stochastic dynamics to construct set of the coupled mean-field dynamic equations. First, we study the temperature dependence of the dynamic order parameters to characterize the nature of the phase transitions and to obtain the dynamic phase transition points. Then, we investigate the temperature dependence of the total magnetization to find the dynamic compensation points as well as to determine the type of behavior. The phase diagrams in which contain the paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, nonmagnetic, surface fundamental phases and tree mixed phases as well as reentrant behavior are presented in the reduced magnetic field amplitude and reduced temperature plane. According to values of Hamiltonian parameters, the compensation temperatures, or the N-, Q-, P-, R-, S-type behaviors in the Neel classification nomenclature exist in the system.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Dengue Viruses Are Enhanced by Distinct Populations of Serotype Cross-Reactive Antibodies in Human Immune Sera
Creators: name: Patel, Bhumi
name: Williams, Katherine L.
name: de Alwis, Ruklanthi
name: Lai, Chih-Yun
name: Harris, Eva
name: Crowe, James E.
name: Smith, Scott A.
name: de Silva, Aravinda M.
name: Schmid, Michael A.
name: Wang, Wei-Kung
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Dengue viruses (DENV) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses of global importance. DENV exist as four serotypes, DENV1-DENV4. Following a primary infection, individuals produce DENV-specific antibodies that bind only to the serotype of infection and other antibodies that cross-react with two or more serotypes. People exposed to a secondary DENV infection with another serotype are at greater risk of developing more severe forms of dengue disease. The increased risk of severe dengue in people experiencing repeat DENV infections appear to be due, at least in part, to the ability of pre-existing serotype cross-reactive antibodies to form virus-antibody complexes that can productively infect Fcγ receptor-bearing target cells. While the theory of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is supported by several human and small animal model studies, the specific viral antigens and epitopes recognized by enhancing human antibodies after natural infections have not been fully defined. We used antibody-depletion techniques to remove DENV-specific antibody sub-populations from primary DENV-immune human sera. The effects of removing specific antibody populations on ADE were tested both in vitro using K562 cells and in vivo using the AG129 mouse model. Removal of serotype cross-reactive antibodies ablated enhancement of heterotypic virus infection in vitro and antibody-enhanced mortality in vivo. Further depletion studies using recombinant viral antigens showed that although the removal of DENV E-specific antibodies using recombinant E (rE) protein resulted in a partial reduction in DENV enhancement, there was a significant residual enhancement remaining. Competition ADE studies using prM-specific Fab fragments in human immune sera showed that both rE-specific and prM-specific antibodies in primary DENV-immune sera significantly contribute to enhancement of heterotypic DENV infection in vitro. Identification of the targets of DENV-enhancing antibodies should contribute to the development of safe, non-enhancing vaccines against dengue.
Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Immunopathogenesis in a Humanized Mouse Model: Induction of Human-Specific Liver Fibrosis and M2-Like Macrophages
Creators: name: Li, Feng
name: Su, Lishan
name: Niu, Junqi
name: Luan, Yan
name: Bility, Moses T.
name: Wang, Fusheng
name: Zhang, Zheng
name: Gao, Yanhang
name: Cheng, Liang
name: Chi, Liqun
name: Fu, Yangxin
name: Zhang, Liguo
name: Tu, Zhengkun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The mechanisms of chronic HBV infection and immunopathogenesis are poorly understood due to a lack of a robust small animal model. Here we report the development of a humanized mouse model with both human immune system and human liver cells by reconstituting the immunodeficient A2/NSG (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice with human HLA-A2 transgene) with human hematopoietic stem cells and liver progenitor cells (A2/NSG-hu HSC/Hep mice). The A2/NSG-hu HSC/Hep mouse supported HBV infection and approximately 75% of HBV infected mice established persistent infection for at least 4 months. We detected human immune responses, albeit impaired in the liver, chronic liver inflammation and liver fibrosis in infected animals. An HBV neutralizing antibody efficiently inhibited HBV infection and associated liver diseases in humanized mice. In addition, we found that the HBV mediated liver disease was associated with high level of infiltrated human macrophages with M2-like activation phenotype. Importantly, similar M2-like macrophage accumulation was confirmed in chronic hepatitis B patients with liver diseases. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed that induction of M2-like macrophage in the liver is associated with accelerated liver fibrosis and necrosis in patients with acute HBV-induced liver failure. Lastly, we demonstrate that HBV promotes M2-like activation in both M1 and M2 macrophages in cell culture studies. Our study demonstrates that the A2/NSG-hu HSC/Hep mouse model is valuable in studying HBV infection, human immune responses and associated liver diseases. Furthermore, results from this study suggest a critical role for macrophage polarization in hepatitis B virus-induced immune impairment and liver pathology.
title: Germany Report. Sustainable Governance Indicators 2022
Creators: name: Heinemann, Friedrich
name: Egle, Christoph
name: Zohlnhöfer, Reimut
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Year: 2022
Subjects: Governance
Democracy
Regierungshandeln
Demokratie

description: Throughout the reporting period, the challenges associated with the pandemic were the dominating issue. Overall, the country and its institutions have proved considerably resilient in this crisis. The country benefited from its strong institutions, sound public budgets, and a broad consensus among its main parties (with the exception of the right-wing AfD) regarding policies.
Numerical solution of Dirichlet problems for nonlinear parabolic equations by probability approach
Creators: name: Milstein, Grigori. N.
name: Tretyakov, Michael V.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: semilinear parabolic equations
subject: Dirichlet problems
subject: probabilistic representations for equations of mathematical physics
subject: weak approximation of solutions of stochastic differential equations in bounded domain
subject: 35K55
subject: 60H10
subject: 60H30
subject: 65M99

description: A number of new layer methods solving Dirichlet problems for semilinear parabolic equations is constructed by using probabilistic representations of their solutions. The methods exploit the ideas of weak sense numerical integration of stochastic differential equations in bounded domain. In spite of the probabilistic nature these methods are nevertheless deterministic. Some convergence theorems are proved. Numerical tests are presented.
A big market potential for tiny structures
Creators: name: Bruneel, David
name: Barnstedt, Corinna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: laser micromachining systems
nanosized structures

description: Interview with David Bruneel, laser engineer and working at the R&D department of LASEA. This Belgian company which specialises in the production of laser micromachining systems, is a partner of the H2020 project Laser4Surf. David Bruneel talked with the European Science Communication Institute (ESCI) about shaping metal surfaces with nanosized structures and the market potential for such surfaces.
description: https://www.laser4surf.eu/a-big-market-potential-for-tiny-structures/
MPEC 2023-F233 : 2023 FH11
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 FH11

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
title: Resistenzforschung bei Spargel (Asparagus officinalis L.)
Creators: name: Nothnagel, Thomas
name: Plath, Susann
name: Lantos, Edit
name: Krämer, Reiner
Publisher: name: Bundesbehörden und Einrichtungen im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 630

description: , p. 1
Kind Discrimination and Competitive Exclusion Mediated by Contact-Dependent Growth Inhibition Systems Shape Biofilm Community Structure
Creators: name: Cotter, Peggy A.
name: Anderson, Melissa S.
name: Garcia, Erin C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Contact-Dependent Growth Inhibition (CDI) is a phenomenon in which bacteria use the toxic C-terminus of a large exoprotein (called BcpA in Burkholderia species) to inhibit the growth of neighboring bacteria upon cell-cell contact. CDI systems are present in a wide range of Gram-negative proteobacteria and a hallmark feature is polymorphism amongst the exoprotein C-termini (BcpA-CT in Burkholderia) and amongst the small immunity proteins (BcpI) that protect against CDI in an allele-specific manner. In addition to CDI, the BcpAIOB proteins of Burkholderia thailandensis mediate biofilm formation, and they do so independent of BcpA-mediated interbacterial competition, suggesting a cooperative role for CDI system proteins in this process. CDI has previously only been demonstrated between CDI+ and CDI− bacteria, leaving the roles of CDI system-mediated interbacterial competition and of CDI system diversity in nature unknown. We constructed B. thailandensis strains that differed only in the BcpA-CT and BcpI proteins they produced. When co-cultured on agar, these strains each participated in CDI and the outcome of the competition depended on both CDI system efficiency and relative bacterial numbers initially. Strains also participated in CDI during biofilm development, resulting in pillar structures that were composed of only a single BcpA-CT/BcpI type. Moreover, a strain producing BcpA-CT/BcpI proteins of one type was prevented from joining a pre-established biofilm community composed of bacteria producing BcpA-CT/BcpI proteins of a different type, unless it also produced the BcpI protein of the established strain. Bacteria can therefore use CDI systems for kind recognition and competitive exclusion of ‘non-self’ bacteria from a pre-established biofilm. Our data indicate that CDI systems function in both cooperative and competitive behaviors to build microbial communities that are composed of only bacteria that are related via their CDI system alleles.
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Suppress HIV-1 Replication but Contribute to HIV-1 Induced Immunopathogenesis in Humanized Mice
Creators: name: Zhang, Liguo
name: Cheng, Liang
name: Liu, Yong-jun
name: Guo, Haitao
name: Li, Guangming
name: Su, Lishan
name: Yu, Haisheng
name: Cheng, Menglan
name: Nunoya, Jun-ichi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and pathogenesis remains unclear. HIV-1 infection in the humanized mouse model leads to persistent HIV-1 infection and immunopathogenesis, including type I interferons (IFN-I) induction, immune-activation and depletion of human leukocytes, including CD4 T cells. We developed a monoclonal antibody that specifically depletes human pDC in all lymphoid organs in humanized mice. When pDC were depleted prior to HIV-1 infection, the induction of IFN-I and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were abolished during acute HIV-1 infection with either a highly pathogenic CCR5/CXCR4-dual tropic HIV-1 or a standard CCR5-tropic HIV-1 isolate. Consistent with the anti-viral role of IFN-I, HIV-1 replication was significantly up-regulated in pDC-depleted mice. Interestingly, the cell death induced by the highly pathogenic HIV-1 isolate was severely reduced in pDC-depleted mice. During chronic HIV-1 infection, depletion of pDC also severely reduced the induction of IFN-I and ISGs, associated with elevated HIV-1 replication. Surprisingly, HIV-1 induced depletion of human immune cells including T cells in lymphoid organs, but not the blood, was reduced in spite of the increased viral replication. The increased cell number in lymphoid organs was associated with a reduced level of HIV-induced cell death in human leukocytes including CD4 T cells. We conclude that pDC play opposing roles in suppressing HIV-1 replication and in promoting HIV-1 induced immunopathogenesis. These findings suggest that pDC-depletion and IFN-I blockade will provide novel strategies for treating those HIV-1 immune non-responsive patients with persistent immune activation despite effective anti-retrovirus treatment.
DRC Mosango HA fitting
Creators: name: Rock, Kat
name: Crump, Ron
name: Ching-I Huang
name: Davis, Christopher Neil
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: pMCMC
subject: DRC
subject: transmission model
subject: HAT
subject: gHAT
subject: particle MCMC
subject: sleeping sickness
subject: neglected tropical diseases
subject: Democratic Republic of Congo
subject: model fitting
subject: gambiense human African trypanosomiasis

description: Code is used for stochastic gHAT model fitting (2000-2020) in the DRC
Multiple climatic drivers increase pace and consequences of ecosystem change in the Arctic Coastal Ocean
Creators: name: Sejr, Mikael K.
name: Poste, Amanda E.
name: Renaud, Paul E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The impacts of climate change on Arctic marine systems are noticeable within the scientific “lifetime” of most researchers and the iconic image of a polar bear struggling to stay on top of a melting ice floe captures many of the dominant themes of Arctic marine ecosystem change. But has our focus on open-ocean systems and param- eters that are more easily modeled and sensed remotely neglected an element that is responding more dramati- cally and with broader implications for Arctic ecosystems? We argue that a complementary set of changes to the open ocean is occurring along Arctic coasts, amplified by the interaction with changes on land and in the sea. We observe an increased number of ecosystem drivers with larger implications for the ecological and human communities they touch than are quantifiable in the open Arctic Ocean. Substantial knowledge gaps exist that must be filled to support adaptation and sustainability of socioecological systems along Arctic coasts.
The timing and location of dust formation in the remnant of SN 1987A
Creators: name: Wesson, R.
name: Barlow, M. J.
name: Matsuura, M.
name: Ercolano, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery with the {\it Herschel Space Observatory} of bright far infrared and submm emission from the ejecta of the core collapse supernova SN\,1987A has been interpreted as indicating the presence of some 0.4--0.7\,M$_\odot$ of dust. We have constructed radiative transfer models of the ejecta to fit optical to far-infrared observations from the literature at epochs between 615 days and 24 years after the explosion, to determine when and where this unexpectedly large amount of dust formed. We find that the observations by day 1153 are consistent with the presence of 3$\times$10$^{-3}$M$_\odot$ of dust. Although this is a larger amount than has previously been considered possible at this epoch, it is still very small compared to the amount present in the remnant after 24 years, and significantly higher dust masses at the earlier epochs are firmly ruled out by the observations, indicating that the majority of the dust must have formed at very late times. By 8515-9200 days after the explosion, 0.6--0.8\,M$_\odot$ of dust is present, and dust grains with radii greater than 2\,$μ$m are required to obtain a fit to the observed SED. This suggests that the dust mass increase at late times was caused by accretion onto and coagulation of the dust grains formed at earlier epochs. These findings provide further confirmation that core collapse supernovae can create large quantities of dust, and indicate that the reason for small dust masses being estimated in many cases is that the vast majority of the dust forms long after most supernovae have been detectable at mid-infrared wavelengths.
description: 13 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A two-component generalization of Burgers equation with Quasi-periodic solutions
Creators: name: Pan, Hongfei
name: Xia, Tiecheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we aim for the theta function representation of quasi-periodic solution and related crucial quantities for a two-component generalization of Burgers equation. Our tools include the theory of algebraic curve, the meromorphic function, Baker-Akhiezer functions, the Dubrovin-type equations for auxiliary divisor, with these tools, the explicit representa- tions for above quantities are obtained.
description: 15 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1406.6233
Targeted Cytotoxic Therapy Kills Persisting HIV Infected Cells During ART
Creators: name: Sykes, Craig
name: Yang, Kuo
name: Snyder, Olivia D.
name: Margolis, David M.
name: Kashuba, Angela D.
name: Denton, Paul W.
name: Haase, Ashley T.
name: Wietgrefe, Stephen W.
name: Berger, Edward A.
name: Perkey, Katherine
name: Archin, Nancie M.
name: Pastan, Ira
name: Choudhary, Shailesh K.
name: Hudgens, Michael G.
name: Garcia, J. Victor
name: Spagnuolo, Rae Ann
name: Long, Julie M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce HIV levels in plasma to undetectable levels, but rather little is known about the effects of ART outside of the peripheral blood regarding persistent virus production in tissue reservoirs. Understanding the dynamics of ART-induced reductions in viral RNA (vRNA) levels throughout the body is important for the development of strategies to eradicate infectious HIV from patients. Essential to a successful eradication therapy is a component capable of killing persisting HIV infected cells during ART. Therefore, we determined the in vivo efficacy of a targeted cytotoxic therapy to kill infected cells that persist despite long-term ART. For this purpose, we first characterized the impact of ART on HIV RNA levels in multiple organs of bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) humanized mice and found that antiretroviral drug penetration and activity was sufficient to reduce, but not eliminate, HIV production in each tissue tested. For targeted cytotoxic killing of these persistent vRNA+ cells, we treated BLT mice undergoing ART with an HIV-specific immunotoxin. We found that compared to ART alone, this agent profoundly depleted productively infected cells systemically. These results offer proof-of-concept that targeted cytotoxic therapies can be effective components of HIV eradication strategies.
Unexpected Role for IL-17 in Protective Immunity against Hypervirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis HN878 Infection
Creators: name: Kaushal, Deepak
name: A. Fallert Junecko, Beth
name: Reinhart, Todd A.
name: Monin, Leticia
name: Kolls, Jay K.
name: Ramos-Payan, Rosalio
name: Rangel-Moreno, Javier
name: Uche, Uzodinma
name: Blanchard, Emmeline
name: Khader, Shabaana A.
name: Gopal, Radha
name: Nagarajan, Uma
name: Slight, Samantha
name: Stallings, Christina L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), infects one third of the world's population. Among these infections, clinical isolates belonging to the W-Beijing appear to be emerging, representing about 50% of Mtb isolates in East Asia, and about 13% of all Mtb isolates worldwide. In animal models, infection with W-Beijing strain, Mtb HN878, is considered “hypervirulent” as it results in increased mortality and causes exacerbated immunopathology in infected animals. We had previously shown the Interleukin (IL) -17 pathway is dispensable for primary immunity against infection with the lab adapted Mtb H37Rv strain. However, it is not known whether IL-17 has any role to play in protective immunity against infection with clinical Mtb isolates. We report here that lab adapted Mtb strains, such as H37Rv, or less virulent Mtb clinical isolates, such as Mtb CDC1551, do not require IL-17 for protective immunity against infection while infection with Mtb HN878 requires IL-17 for early protective immunity. Unexpectedly, Mtb HN878 induces robust production of IL-1β through a TLR-2-dependent mechanism, which supports potent IL-17 responses. We also show that the role for IL-17 in mediating protective immunity against Mtb HN878 is through IL-17 Receptor signaling in non-hematopoietic cells, mediating the induction of the chemokine, CXCL-13, which is required for localization of T cells within lung lymphoid follicles. Correct T cell localization within lymphoid follicles in the lung is required for maximal macrophage activation and Mtb control. Since IL-17 has a critical role in vaccine-induced immunity against TB, our results have far reaching implications for the design of vaccines and therapies to prevent and treat emerging Mtb strains. In addition, our data changes the existing paradigm that IL-17 is dispensable for primary immunity against Mtb infection, and instead suggests a differential role for IL-17 in early protective immunity against emerging Mtb strains.