cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Microtubule Treadmilling in Vitro Investigated by Fluorescence Speckle and Confocal Microscopy
Creators: name: Grego, Sonia
name: Salmon, E. D.
name: Cantillana, Viviana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Whether polarized treadmilling is an intrinsic property of microtubules assembled from pure tubulin has been controversial. We have tested this possibility by imaging the polymerization dynamics of individual microtubules in samples assembled to steady-state in vitro from porcine brain tubulin, using a 2% glycerol buffer to reduce dynamic instability. Fluorescence speckled microtubules were bound to the cover-glass surface by kinesin motors, and the assembly dynamics of plus and minus ends were recorded with a spinning-disk confocal fluorescence microscopy system. At steady-state assembly, 19% of the observed microtubules (n = 89) achieved treadmilling in a plus-to-minus direction, 34% in a minus-to-plus direction, 37% grew at both ends, and 10% just shortened. For the population of measured microtubules, the distribution of lengths remained unchanged while a 20% loss of original and 27% gain of new polymer occurred over the 20-min period of observation. The lack of polarity in the observed treadmilling indicates that stochastic differences in dynamic instability between plus and minus ends are responsible for polymer turnover at steady-state assembly, not unidirectional treadmilling. A Monte Carlo simulation of plus and minus end dynamics using measured dynamic instability parameters reproduces our experimental results and the amount of steady-state polymer turnover reported by previous biochemical assays.
Momentum-space calculation of ${}^4$He triatomic system with realistic potential
Creators: name: Deltuva, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The system of three ${}^4\mathrm{He}$ atoms with realistic interactions is studied in the momentum-space framework. It is demonstrated that short and long-range difficulties encountered in the coordinate-space calculations can be reliably resolved in the momentum-space calculations. Well-converged and accurate results are obtained for the ground and excited trimer energies, atom-dimer scattering length, phase shifts, inelasticity parameters, and elastic and breakup cross sections. A significant correction to previously published results is found for the elastic cross section at very low energy.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Few-Body Systems
Clusters in an epidemic model with long-range dispersal
Creators: name: Cao, Xiangyu
name: Doussal, Pierre Le
name: Rosso, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In presence of long range dispersal, epidemics spread in spatially disconnected regions known as clusters. Here, we characterize exactly their statistical properties in a solvable model, in both the supercritical (outbreak) and critical regimes. We identify two diverging length scales, corresponding to the bulk and the outskirt of the epidemic. We reveal a nontrivial critical exponent that governs the cluster number, the distribution of their sizes and of the distances between them. We also discuss applications to depinning avalanches with long range elasticity.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures; v2: added an application to the Covid-19 outbreak in the US; v3: minor changes, published version
(101482) Frederic George Oldland
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Five and three quantum dot systems as apparatuses for measuring energy-levels
Creators: name: Tanamoto, Tetsufumi
name: Aono, Tomosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum dot (QD) system provides various quantum physics of nanostructures. So far, many types of semiconductor QD structures have been fabricated and investigated experimentally and analyzed theoretically. Presently, QD systems have attracted considerable attention as units for the qubit system of quantum computers. Therefore, it is vital to integrate QD systems as measurement devices in addition to qubits. Here, we theoretically investigate the side-QD system as a measurement apparatus for energy-levels of the target QDs. We formulate the transport properties of both three and five QDs based on the Green functions method. The effects of the energy-difference of two side-QDs on the measurement current are calculated. The trade-off between the strength of the measurement and the back-action induced by the measurement is discussed. It is found that the medium coupling strength is appropriate for reading out the difference of the two energy-levels.
description: 14 pagers, 10 figres
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Structure of Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Bilayers with Cholesterol, Ergosterol, and Lanosterol
Creators: name: Smondyrev, Alexander M.
name: Berkowitz, Max L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Five molecular dynamics computer simulations were performed on different phospholipid:sterol membrane systems in order to study the influence of sterol structure on membrane properties. Three of these simulated bilayer systems were composed of a 1:8 sterol:phospholipid ratio, each of which employed one of the sterol molecules: cholesterol, ergosterol, and lanosterol. The two other simulations were of a bilayer with a 1:1 sterol:phospholipid ratio. These simulations employed cholesterol and lanosterol, respectively, as their sterol components. The observed differences in simulations with cholesterol and lanosterol may have their implication on the form of the phospholipid/sterol phase diagram.
Teamwork Satisfaction and Student Attitudes Towards Online Learning During a Engineering Project Based Learning Module
Creators: name: O'Connor, Sean
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Higher Education
subject: Education
subject: Distance Education
subject: Engineering Education
subject: Online Learning
subject: Student Attitude
subject: PBL
subject: Student Satisfaction

description: This paper aims to examine teamwork satisfaction and student attitude towards online learning while also highlighting elements of successful online collaboration as identified by students. This case study was carried out in an Irish university over a seven-week period with first-year engineering students (N=94) during the COVID-19 pandemic (Spring 2021). The study utilises both a questionnaire and an open-ended question to collect participant data
(101481) Harriet Oldland
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Total Internal Reflection with Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy: Combined Surface Reaction and Solution Diffusion
Creators: name: Starr, Tammy E.
name: Thompson, Nancy L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Total internal reflection with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (TIR-FCS) is a method for measuring the surface association/dissociation rates and absolute densities of fluorescent molecules at the interface of solution and a planar substrate. This method can also report the apparent diffusion coefficient and absolute concentration of fluorescent molecules very close to the surface. An expression for the fluorescence fluctuation autocorrelation function in the absence of contributions from diffusion through the evanescent wave, in solution, has been published previously (N. L. Thompson, T. P. Burghardt, and D. Axelrod. 1981, Biophys. J. 33:435-454). This work describes the nature of the TIR-FCS autocorrelation function when both surface association/dissociation kinetics and diffusion through the evanescent wave contribute to the fluorescence fluctuations. The fluorescence fluctuation autocorrelation function depends in general on the kinetic association and dissociation rate constants, the surface site density, the concentration of fluorescent molecules in solution, the solution diffusion coefficient, and the depth of the evanescent field. Both general and approximate expressions are presented.
Ultra-low-energy non-volatile straintronic computing using single multiferroic composites
Creators: name: Roy, Kuntal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The primary impediment to continued downscaling of traditional charge-based electronic devices in accordance with Moore's law is the excessive energy dissipation that takes place in the device during switching of bits. One very promising solution is to utilize multiferroic heterostructures, comprised of a single-domain magnetostrictive nanomagnet strain-coupled to a piezoelectric layer, in which the magnetization can be switched between its two stable states while dissipating minuscule amount of energy. However, no efficient and viable means of computing is proposed so far. Here we show that such single multiferroic composites can act as universal logic gates for computing purposes, which we demonstrate by solving the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation of magnetization dynamics in the presence of room-temperature thermal fluctuations. The proposed concept can overwhelmingly simplify the design of large-scale circuits and portend a highly dense yet an ultra-low-energy computing paradigm for our future information processing systems.
Massive photons: an infrared regularization scheme for lattice QCD+QED
Creators: name: Endres, Michael G.
name: Shindler, Andrea
name: Tiburzi, Brian C.
name: Walker-Loud, Andre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard methods for including electromagnetic interactions in lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations result in power-law finite-volume corrections to physical quantities. Removing these by extrapolation requires costly computations at multiple volumes. We introduce a photon mass to alternatively regulate the infrared, and rely on effective field theory to remove its unphysical effects. Electromagnetic modifications to the hadron spectrum are reliably estimated with a precision and cost comparable to conventional approaches that utilize multiple larger volumes. A significant overall cost advantage emerges when accounting for ensemble generation. The proposed method may benefit lattice calculations involving multiple charged hadrons, as well as quantum many-body computations with long-range Coulomb interactions.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables; significant revisions to abstract and main text; revised presentation of results for clarity (results unchanged); acknowledgements updated; matches published version
Effect of nonfactorizable background geometry on thermodynamics of clustering of galaxies
Creators: name: Khanday, Abdul W.
name: Upadhyay, Sudhaker
name: Bagat, Hilal A.
name: Ganai, Prince A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83Fxx

description: We study the effect of nonfactorizable background geometry on the thermodynamics of the clustering of galaxies. A canonical partition function is derived for the gravitating system of galaxies treated as point particles contained in cells of appropriate dimensions. Various thermodynamic equations of state, like Helmholtz free energy and entropy, among others, are also obtained. We also estimate the effect of the corrected Newton law on the distribution function of galaxies. Remarkably, the effect of the modified Newton law is seen only in the clustering parameter while the standard structure of the equations is preserved. A comparison of the modified clustering parameter with that of the original clustering parameter is made to visualize the effect of the correction on the time scale of clustering. The possibility of system symmetry breaking is also analyzed by investigating the behavior of the specific heat with increasing system temperature.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Laboratory measurements of HDO/H$_{2}$O isotopic fractionation during ice deposition in simulated cirrus clouds
Creators: name: Lamb, Kara
name: Clouser, Ben
name: Bolot, Maximilien
name: Sarkozy, Laszlo
name: Ebert, Volker
name: Saathoff, Harald
name: Möhler, Ottmar
name: Moyer, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stable isotopologues of water have been used in atmospheric and climatic studies for over fifty years, because the temperature-dependent preferential condensation of heavy isotopologues during phase changes makes them useful diagnostics of the hydrological cycle. However, the degree of preferential condensation has never been directly measured at temperatures below 233 K (-40$^{\circ}$C), conditions of cirrus formation in the atmosphere and routinely observed at surface elevation in polar regions. (Models generally assume an extrapolation from the warmer experiments of Merlivat and Nief, 1967.) Non-equilibrium effects that should alter preferential partitioning have also not been well-characterized experimentally (Jouzel and Merlivat 1984). We present here the first direct experimental measurements of the HDO/H$_2$O equilibrium fractionation factor between vapour and ice ($α_{\mathrm {eq}}$) at cirrus-relevant temperatures, and the first quantitative validation of the kinetic modification to equilibrium fractionation expected to occur in supersaturated conditions. In measurements of the evolving isotopic composition of water vapour during cirrus formation experiments in the AIDA chamber, we find $α_{\mathrm{eq}}$ several percent lower than has been assumed. In a subset of diffusion-limited experiments, we show that kinetic isotope effects are compatible with published models (Jouzel and Merlivat 1984, Nelson 2011), including allowing for small surface kinetic effects. These results are significant for the inference of cirrus and convective processes from water isotopic measurements.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, supplementary materials
Two Domains in Dihydropyridine Receptor Activate the Skeletal Muscle Ca 2+ Release Channel
Creators: name: Stange, Mirko
name: Meissner, Gerhard
name: Tripathy, Ashutosh
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The II-III cytoplasmic loop of the skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) alpha(1)-subunit is essential for skeletal-type excitation-contraction coupling. Single channel and [(3)H]ryanodine binding studies with a full-length recombinant peptide (p(666-791)) confirmed that this region specifically activates skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channels (CRCs). However, attempts to identify shorter domains of the II-III loop specific for skeletal CRC activation have yielded contradictory results. We assessed the specificity of the interaction of five truncated II-III loop peptides by comparing their effects on skeletal and cardiac CRCs in lipid bilayer experiments; p(671-680) and p(720-765) specifically activated the submaximally Ca2+-activated skeletal CRC in experiments using both mono and divalent ions as current carriers. A third peptide, p(671-690), showed a bimodal activation/inactivation behavior indicating a high-affinity activating and low-affinity inactivating binding site. Two other peptides (p(681-690) and p(681-685)) that contained an RKRRK-motif and have previously been suggested in in vitro studies to be important for skeletal-type E-C coupling, failed to specifically stimulate skeletal CRCs. Noteworthy, p(671-690), p(681-690), and p(681-685) induced similar subconductances and long-lasting channel closings in skeletal and cardiac CRCs, indicating that these peptides interact in an isoform-independent manner with the CRCs.
(101480) George Oldland
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Thermodynamically consistent versions of approximations used in modelling moist air
Creators: name: Eldred, Christopher
name: Taylor, Mark
name: Guba, Oksana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some existing approaches to modeling the thermodynamics of moist air make approximations that break $\textit{thermodynamic consistency}$, such that the resulting thermodynamics do not obey the 1st and 2nd laws or have other inconsistencies. Recently, an approach to avoid such inconsistency has been suggested: the use of $\textit{thermodynamic potentials}$ in terms of their $\textit{natural variables}$, from which all thermodynamic quantities and relationships are derived. In this paper, we develop this approach for $\textit{unapproximated}$ moist air thermodynamics and two widely used approximations: the constant $κ$ approximation and the dry heat capacities approximation. The consistent constant $κ$ approximation is particularly attractive because it leads to, when using virtual potential temperature $θ_v$ as the thermodynamic variable, adiabatic dynamics that depend only on total mass, independent of the breakdown between water forms. Additionally, a wide variety of material from different sources in the literature on thermodynamics in atmospheric modelling is brought together. It is hoped that this paper provides a comprehensive reference for the use of thermodynamic potentials in atmospheric modelling, especially for the three systems considered here.
(101479) Eliza Okey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Loading Relativistic Maxwell Distributions in Particle Simulations
Creators: name: Zenitani, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical algorithms to load relativistic Maxwell distributions in particle-in-cell (PIC) and Monte-Carlo simulations are presented. For stationary relativistic Maxwellian, the inverse transform method and the Sobol algorithm are reviewed. To boost particles to obtain relativistic shifted-Maxwellian, two rejection methods are proposed in a physically transparent manner. Their acceptance efficiencies are ${\approx}50\%$ for generic cases and $100\%$ for symmetric distributions. They can be combined with arbitrary base algorithms.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Genomic analysis of hypervirulent Klebsiella penumoniae
Creators: name: 程心怡
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Multiisolate

description: Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathotype with enhanced virulence features,it usually causes life-threatening infections from community among young and healthy individuals. Liver abscess caused by hvKp has been increasingly reported in Asia, and is becoming a global disease during recent years. In order to better understand the molecular characteristics of liver abscess causing hvKp ,we sequenced the whole genome of hvKp strains sampled from patients with liver abscess, these data can be used to study the comparative genomics, drug resistance, and virulence of hvKp.
Directed Flow of Charged Kaons in Au+Au Collisions from the BES Program at RHIC
Creators: name: Pandit, Yadav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the measurement of the directed flow ($v_{1}$) for charged kaons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ =7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4 and 200 GeV as a function of rapidity and compare these results for pions, protons and antiprotons. These new kaon results may help to constrain the medium properties and collision dynamics including the in-medium kaon potential and baryon number transport in these collisions.
description: To appear as a WWND 2015 Conference proceedings
Constructing all qutrit controlled Clifford+T gates in Clifford+T
Creators: name: Yeh, Lia
name: van de Wetering, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a number of useful quantum circuits, qudit constructions have been found which reduce resource requirements compared to the best known or best possible qubit construction. However, many of the necessary qutrit gates in these constructions have never been explicitly and efficiently constructed in a fault-tolerant manner. We show how to exactly and unitarily construct any qutrit multiple-controlled Clifford+T unitary using just Clifford+T gates and without using ancillae. The T-count to do so is polynomial in the number of controls $k$, scaling as $O(k^{3.585})$. With our results we can construct ancilla-free Clifford+T implementations of multiple-controlled T gates as well as all versions of the qutrit multiple-controlled Toffoli, while the analogous results for qubits are impossible. As an application of our results, we provide a procedure to implement any ternary classical reversible function on $n$ trits as an ancilla-free qutrit unitary using $O(3^n n^{3.585})$ T gates.
description: 14 pages
L2 acquisition in a rich dialectal environment: Some methodological considerations when SLA meets dialectology
Creators: name: Emilsen, Linda Evenstad
name: Søfteland, Åshild
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: language variation
dialectal variation
interlanguage variation
L1 monolingual norm
baseline
homophony
isomorphic crux

description: This chapter discusses how interlanguage variation and dialectal variation in the
 target language appear homophonic in Norwegian. We demonstrate that this may
 pose challenges for the interpretation of second-language data. In societies with
 a high degree of variation in spoken vernaculars (or written norms),
 second-language learners are likely to be exposed to a great deal of variation and possibly
 conflicting features. The Norwegian language situation is a case in point: dialects
 have a neutral or high status and most people speak their local dialect in a
 variety of settings, both formal and informal. In this chapter, we review empirical
 and theoretical studies on second-language acquisition, focusing on the
 predictions they make for interlanguage variation. We then compare the findings of these
 studies to spontaneous speech data obtained from The Nordic Dialect Corpus and
 first-language studies of Norwegian. We demonstrate that it can be hard or
 impossible to distinguish between targetlike dialect variation and nontargetlike
 interlanguage variation. This has implications for the coding and interpretation of data.
 Our investigation seeks to raise awareness of the methodological issues related to
 differentiation between target-language variation and interlanguage variation and
 to stimulate further discussion on the topic.
Effects of Dynamical Decoupling and Pulse-level Optimizations on IBM Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Niu, Siyuan
name: Todri-Sanial, Aida
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Currently available quantum computers are prone to errors. Circuit optimization and error mitigation methods are needed to design quantum circuits to achieve better fidelity when executed on NISQ hardware. Dynamical decoupling (DD) is generally used to suppress the decoherence error and different DD strategies have been proposed. Moreover, the circuit fidelity can be improved by pulse-level optimization, such as creating hardware-native pulse-efficient gates. This paper implements all the popular DD sequences and evaluates their performances on IBM quantum chips with different characteristics for various well-known quantum applications. Also, we investigate combining DD with pulse-level optimization method and apply them to QAOA to solve Max-Cut problem. Based on the experimental results, we found that DD can be a benefit for only certain types of quantum algorithms, while the combination of DD and pulse-level optimization methods always has a positive impact. Finally, we provide several guidelines for users to learn how to use these noise mitigation methods to build circuits for quantum applications with high fidelity on IBM quantum computers.
description: in IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering, 2022
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine Bilayer with Na+ Counterions
Creators: name: Pandit, Sagar A.
name: Berkowitz, Max L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: We performed a molecular dynamics simulation of dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPS) bilayer with Na+ counterions. We found that hydrogen bonding between the NH group and the phosphate group leads to a reduction in the area per headgroup when compared to the area in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer. The Na+ ions bind to the oxygen in the carboxyl group of serine, thus giving rise to a dipolar bilayer similar to dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine bilayer. The results of the simulation show that counterions play a crucial role in determining the structural and electrostatic properties of DPPS bilayer.
Biomedical data visualization and clinical decision-making in rodents using a multi-usage wireless brain stimulator with a novel embedded design
Creators: name: T, Jarin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Electrical engineering not elsewhere classified
Biomedical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: A biomedical data visualization strategy and clinical decision-making approach by multi usage wireless brain stimulator using novel embedded design toward rodents are presented in this chapter. This proposed device can also be useful for conducting behavioral based studies and to investigate more about the mechanism of the brain in rodents. The multi-facility of conducting different behavioral studies and adaptability in various regions of the brain using this same cost-effective device is the novelty feature that we have introduced in this chapter. A comprehensive design, biomedical data visualization and modeling aspects of the proposed stimulator device were described in an elaborate manner. The feasibility of this proposed device was successfully tested in the in vivo and in vitro stage for more than a month. This embedded based design is developed from the dimensions of cost-effectiveness, user-friendliness, and precision which are the main highlights of this chapter. Within the Indian scenario, brain–computer interface (BCI) is offered indefinitely in the early stages of time to attain effective clinical decision-making. Therefore, we are aware that all of this effort is very important for those and then for numerous budding specialists to effectively incline their visions in addition to aspirations toward BCI.
Comparing ERPs between native speakers and second language learners: Dealing with individual variability
Creators: name: Pélissier{, Maud
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: ERPs; individual differences; second language learners; RMI; RDI

description: Event-related potentials (ERPs) are of great interest in second language acquisition
 research, as they allow us to examine online language processing and to compare
 the mechanisms that are engaged to process a first and second language. A long
 history of research into native language processing has taught us to expect a biphasic
 pattern in response to syntactic violations, reflecting mechanisms involved first in
 the automatic and implicit detection of the incongruity and then in the reanalysis
 and repair of the ungrammatical sentence. However, recent studies show that there
 is a large degree of individual variability even among native speakers: Instead of
 this biphasic pattern, most people exhibit one or the other of the two components.
 This raises an interesting question for second-language research: How do we
 compare learners and native speakers if there is no unique native-speaker model to
 compare learners to? In this chapter, I explore two measures that have been put
 forward to characterise individual variability among native speakers and language
 learners, the Response Magnitude Index and the Response Dominance Index
 (Tanner et al. 2014), and I show an example of their application to a study comparing
 native-speaker and non-native-speaker processing of morphosyntactic violations
 using auditory stimuli instead of visual stimuli.
Klaus-Peter Johne, Die Römer an der Elbe
Creators: name: Erdrich, Michael
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2023

description: Rezension zu: Klaus-Peter Johne, Die Römer an der Elbe. Das Stromgebiet der Elbe im geographischen Weltbild und im politischen Bewusstsein der griechisch-römischen Antike. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2006. 69,80 €. ISBN-10: 3-05-003445-9; ISBN-13: 978-3-05-003445-4. 347 Seiten mit 15 Abbildungen und 8 Karten.
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 86 Nr. 2 2008(2010)
(101478) Thomas Okey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(101477) Frances A Okey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Effects of Quercetin on Single Ca2+ Release Channel Behavior of Skeletal Muscle
Creators: name: Kim, Do Han
name: Meissner, Gerhard
name: Lee, Eun Hui
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Quercetin, a bioflavonoid, is known to affect Ca(2+) fluxes in sarcoplasmic reticulum, although its direct effect on Ca(2+) release channel (CRC) in sarcoplasmic reticulum has remained to be elucidated. The present study examined the effect of quercetin on the behavior of single skeletal CRC in planar lipid bilayer. The effect of caffeine was also studied for comparison. At very low [Ca(2+)](cis) (80 pM), quercetin activated CRC marginally, whereas at elevated [Ca(2+)](cis) (10 microM), both open probability (P(o)) and sensitivity to the drug increased markedly. Caffeine showed a similar tendency. Analysis of lifetimes for single CRC showed that quercetin and caffeine led to different mean open-time and closed-time constants and their proportions. Addition of 10 microM ryanodine to CRC activated by quercetin or caffeine led to the typical subconductance state (approximately 54%) and a subsequent addition of 5 microM ruthenium red completely blocked CRC activity. When 6 microM quercetin and 3 mM caffeine were added together to the cis side of CRC, a time-dependent increase of P(o) was observed (from mode 1 (0.376 +/- 0.043, n = 5) to mode 2 (0.854 +/- 0.062, n = 5)). On the other hand, no further activation was observed when quercetin was added after caffeine. Quercetin affected only the ascending phase of the bell-shaped Ca(2+) activation/inactivation curve, whereas caffeine affected both ascending and descending phases. [(3)H]ryanodine binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum showed that channel activity increased more by both quercetin and caffeine than by caffeine alone. These characteristic differences in the modes of activation of CRC by quercetin and caffeine suggest that the channel activation mechanisms and presumably the binding sites on CRC are different for the two drugs.
"Photonic" cat states from strongly interacting matter waves
Creators: name: Fischer, Uwe R.
name: Kang, Myung-Kyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider ultracold quantum gases of scalar bosons, residing in a coupling strength--density regime in which they constitute a twofold fragmented condensate trapped in a single well. It is shown that the corresponding quantum states are, in the appropriate Fock space basis, identical to the photon cat states familiar in quantum optics, which correspond to superpositions of coherent states of the light field with a phase difference of $π$. In marked distinction to photon cat states, the very existence of matter wave cat states however crucially depends on the many-body correlations of the constituent particles. We consequently establish that the quadratures of the effective "photons," expressing the highly nonclassical nature of the macroscopic matter wave superposition state, can be experimentally accessed by measuring the density-density correlations of the interacting quantum gas.
description: 12 pages including the supplement, 1+3 figures; Schr\"odinger removed from the title at the request of PRL editors
Osmotic and Curvature Stress Affect PEG-Induced Fusion of Lipid Vesicles but Not Mixing of Their Lipids
Creators: name: Frederik, Peter
name: Lentz, Barry R.
name: Malinin, Vladimir S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) in the external environment of membrane vesicles creates osmotic imbalance that leads to mechanical stress in membranes and may induce local membrane curvature. To determine the relative importance of membrane stress and curvature in promoting fusion, we monitored contents mixing (CM) and lipid mixing (LM) between different sized vesicles under a variety of osmotic conditions. CM between highly curved vesicles (SUV, 26 nm diameter) was up to 10 times greater than between less curved vesicles (LUV, 120 nm diameter) after 5 min incubation at a low PEG concentration (
Numerical study of the volcano e ect in chemotactic aggregation based on a kinetic transport equation with non-instantaneous tumbling
Creators: name: Yasuda, Shugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 92C17, 37N25

description: Aggregation of chemotactic bacteria under a unimodal distribution of chemical cues was investigated by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation based on a kinetic transport equation, which considers an internal adaptation dynamics as well as a finite tumbling duration. It was found that there exist two different regimes of the adaptation time, between which the effect of the adaptation time on the aggregation behavior is reversed; that is, when the adaptation time is as small as the running duration, the aggregation becomes increasingly steeper as the adaptation time increases, while, when the adaptation time is as large as the diffusion time of the population density, the aggregation becomes more diffusive as the adaptation time increases. Moreover, the aggregation profile becomes bimodal (volcano) at the large adaptation-time regime when the tumbling duration is sufficiently large while it is always unimodal at the small adaptation-time regime. A remarkable result of this study is the identification of the parameter regime and scaling for the volcano effect. That is, by comparing the results of MC simulations to the continuum-limit models obtained at each of the small and large adaptation-time scalings, it is clarified that the volcano effect arises due to the coupling of diffusion, adaptation, and finite tumbling duration, which occurs at the large adaptation-time scaling.
Nonparametric methods for doubly robust estimation of continuous treatment effects
Creators: name: Kennedy, Edward H.
name: Ma, Zongming
name: McHugh, Matthew D.
name: Small, Dylan S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Continuous treatments (e.g., doses) arise often in practice, but many available causal effect estimators are limited by either requiring parametric models for the effect curve, or by not allowing doubly robust covariate adjustment. We develop a novel kernel smoothing approach that requires only mild smoothness assumptions on the effect curve, and still allows for misspecification of either the treatment density or outcome regression. We derive asymptotic properties and give a procedure for data-driven bandwidth selection. The methods are illustrated via simulation and in a study of the effect of nurse staffing on hospital readmissions penalties.
Cyber Deception against Zero-day Attacks: A Game Theoretic Approach
Creators: name: Sayed, Md Abu
name: Anwar, Ahmed H.
name: Kiekintveld, Christopher
name: Bosansky, Branislav
name: Kamhoua, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reconnaissance activities precedent other attack steps in the cyber kill chain. Zero-day attacks exploit unknown vulnerabilities and give attackers the upper hand against conventional defenses. Honeypots have been used to deceive attackers by misrepresenting the true state of the network. Existing work on cyber deception does not model zero-day attacks. In this paper, we address the question of "How to allocate honeypots over the network?" to protect its most valuable assets. To this end, we develop a two-player zero-sum game theoretic approach to study the potential reconnaissance tracks and attack paths that attackers may use. However, zero-day attacks allow attackers to avoid placed honeypots by creating new attack paths. Therefore, we introduce a sensitivity analysis to investigate the impact of different zero-day vulnerabilities on the performance of the proposed deception technique. Next, we propose several mitigating strategies to defend the network against zero-day attacks based on this analysis. Finally, our numerical results validate our findings and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed defense approach.
description: 20 pages, 1 citation
Development finance: how states shape private philanthropy
Creators: name: Pena, Rebecca
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: Private philanthropy has played a growing role in global development. This large and diverse set of individual actors making decisions about development finances may well think and act in different ways than states, while private foundations and NGOs may remain influenced by the government in their efforts to provide to those in greatest need. This dissertation addresses the complex interaction of private philanthropy and the state through three essays: (1) an overview of the faces of global philanthropy, motivations of giving, and an inventory of the available philanthropy data; (2) an analysis of individual decision-making on the Kiva microloan platform given state influences; and (3) an in-depth comparison of the interplay between states and private philanthropy in development aid using data on foundations from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Each essay seeks to further the central research question: Does private philanthropy mimic state trends, complement state behavior, or act independently? Findings support state influence on individual and foundation decisions after controlling for other factors. Lender preference in microloans were positively associated with state policy changes. When the US Government set a larger target number or refugees to be admitted compared to the previous year, loans to refugees were funded quicker. However there was an interesting contrast when the same test examined the number of refugees actually admitted. If more refugees were admitted than the previous year, loans to refugees took longer to be funded. This highlighted the influence of state policy but opens further questions about the influence of the implementation. Finally, a comparison of state-aid and foundation aid overseas found that while state-aid was consistently associated with needs-based factors, the limited sample of foundations that report their funding to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development were not consistent with this. Instead, state-based aid has a significant influence on their funding allocation.
Estimating Single-Node PageRank in $\tilde{O}\left(\min\{d_t, \sqrt{m}\}\right)$ Time
Creators: name: Wang, Hanzhi
name: Wei, Zhewei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: PageRank is a famous measure of graph centrality that has numerous applications in practice. The problem of computing a single node's PageRank has been the subject of extensive research over a decade. However, existing methods still incur large time complexities despite years of efforts. Even on undirected graphs where several valuable properties held by PageRank scores, the problem of locally approximating the PageRank score of a target node remains a challenging task. Two commonly adopted techniques, Monte-Carlo based random walks and backward push, both cost $O(n)$ time in the worst-case scenario, which hinders existing methods from achieving a sublinear time complexity like $O(\sqrt{m})$ on an undirected graph with $n$ nodes and $m$ edges. In this paper, we focus on the problem of single-node PageRank computation on undirected graphs. We propose a novel algorithm, SetPush, for estimating single-node PageRank specifically on undirected graphs. With non-trival analysis, we prove that our SetPush achieves the $\tilde{O}\left(\min\left\{d_t, \sqrt{m}\right\}\right)$ time complexity for estimating the target node $t$'s PageRank with constant relative error and constant failure probability on undirected graphs. We conduct comprehensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of SetPush.
description: Technical Report
Relationship of Lipid Rafts to Transient Confinement Zones Detected by Single Particle Tracking
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Takahiro
name: Yang, Bing
name: Kusumi, Akihiro
name: Dietrich, Christian
name: Jacobson, Ken
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: We examined the physical and chemical characteristics of transient confinement zones (TCZs) that are detected in single particle trajectories of molecules moving within the membrane of C3H 10T1/2 murine fibroblasts and their relationship to "rafts." We studied the lateral movement of different membrane molecules thought to partition to varying degrees into or out of the putative lipid domains known as rafts. We found that lipid analogs spend significantly less time in TCZs compared with Thy-1, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, and GM1, a glycosphingolipid. For Thy-1, we found that zone abundance was markedly reduced by cholesterol extraction, suggesting that a major source of the observed temporary confinement is related to the presence of raft domains. More detailed analysis of particle trajectories reveals that zones can be revisited even tens of seconds after the original escape and that diffusion within the zones is reduced by a factor of approximately 2, consistent with the zone being a cholesterol-rich liquid-ordered phase. Surprisingly, transient confinement was not strongly temperature dependent. Overall, our data demonstrate that there are raft-related domains present in certain regions of the plasma membrane of C3H cells, which can persist for tens of seconds.