cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bubbling Geometries for Half BPS Wilson lines
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the supergravity backgrounds that correspond to supersymmetric Wilson line operators in the context of AdS/CFT correspondence. We study the gravitino and dilatino conditions of the IIB supergravity under the appropriate ansatz, and obtain some necessary conditions for a supergravity background that preserves the same symmetry as the supersymmetric Wilson lines. The supergravity solutions are characterized by continuous version of maya diagrams. This diagram is related to the eigenvalue distribution of the Gaussian matrix model. We also consider the similar backgrounds of the 11-dimensional supergravity.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures. v2:typos corrected. v3:added the differential conditions and comments at the end of section 2. typos corrected
MULTIPLE BENEFITS OF CARBON-FRIENDLY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES: EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE
Creators: name: Kling, Catherine L.
name: Kurkalova, Lyubov A.
name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Kling, Catherine L.
name: Kurkalova, Lyubov A.
name: Zhao, Jinhua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: conservation tillage
subject: multiple benefits
subject: subsidy policy
subject: targeting

description: In this study, we estimate empirically the multiple benefits of a subsidy policy that would offer payments to farmers in return for the adoption of conservation tillage and compare the outcomes of alternative targeting designs for such a policy. Using data for roughly 12,000 National Resource Inventory (NRI) points, we simulate for the state of Iowa the least-cost policy schemes for offering payment incentives. We use an economic model of conservation tillage adoption to evaluate the costs of adoption, and we use a model that simulates physical processes (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate, or EPIC) to estimate the environmental benefits of adoption at each of the NRI points. We assess the costs and environmental consequences of two targeting options. The first is a practice-based policy instrument that maximizes the acres of land in conservation tillage, regardless of the level of environmental benefits achieved. The second is a performance-based instrument that yields the highest amount of environmental benefits per dollar spent. We consider four performance-based benefits: carbon sequestration in agricultural soils, reduction in nitrogen runoff, reduction of erosion of soil by wind, and reduction of erosion of soil by water. We find that the practice-based instrument provides high proportions of the four benefits relative to the performance-based instrument, especially at higher budget levels. Similarly, we estimate that targeting one of the four benefits provides high percentages of the other benefits compared to the amounts obtainable if they were targeted directly.
Running couplings in equivariantly gauge-fixed SU(N) Yang--Mills theories
Creators: name: Golterman, Maarten
name: Shamir, Yigal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In equivariantly gauge-fixed SU(N) Yang--Mills theories, the gauge symmetry is only partially fixed, leaving a subgroup $H\subset SU(N)$ unfixed. Such theories avoid Neuberger's nogo theorem if the subgroup $H$ contains at least the Cartan subgroup $U(1)^{N-1}$, and they are thus non-perturbatively well defined if regulated on a finite lattice. We calculate the one-loop beta function for the coupling $\tilde{g}^2=ξg^2$, where $g$ is the gauge coupling and $ξ$ is the gauge parameter, for a class of subgroups including the cases that $H=U(1)^{N-1}$ or $H=SU(M)\times SU(N-M)\times U(1)$. The coupling $\tilde{g}$ represents the strength of the interaction of the gauge degrees of freedom associated with the coset $SU(N)/H$. We find that $\tilde{g}$, like $g$, is asymptotically free. We solve the renormalization-group equations for the running of the couplings $g$ and $\tilde{g}$, and find that dimensional transmutation takes place also for the coupling $\tilde{g}$, generating a scale $\tildeΛ$ which can be larger than or equal to the scale $Λ$ associated with the gauge coupling $g$, but not smaller. We speculate on the possible implications of these results.
description: 14 pages, latex
The Benefits and Costs of Fish Consumption Advisories for Mercury
Creators: name: Jakus, Paul M.
name: McGuinness, Meghan
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Jakus, Paul M.
name: McGuinness, Meghan
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: fisheries
subject: mercury
subject: advisories
subject: recreation
subject: health benefits

description: Mercury contamination of the Chesapeake Bay is a concern to health authorities in the region. We evaluate the economic and health effects of postulated recreational and commercial fishing advisories for striped bass on the Maryland portion of the bay. Awareness of and response to the advisory is estimated using a meta-analysis of the literature. Three values are estimated: welfare losses to recreational anglers, welfare losses in the commercial striped bass fishery, and health benefits. An estimate of percentage of consumer surplus loss is applied to the value of all fishing days in the bay to estimate recreational welfare loss. Welfare losses to the commercial fishery are estimated based on a model of supply and demand. Health benefits are estimated using estimated exposure and epidemiological relationships, and while potentially large, are highly uncertain. Results also suggest most individuals are below advisory standards ex ante, such that advisories should target high-frequency consumers.
Spontaneous emission of an atom near a wedge
Creators: name: Rosa, F. S. S.
name: Mendes, T. N. C.
name: Tenorio, A.
name: Farina, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is a well known fact that non-trivial boundary conditions affect the interaction between atoms and the always present quantized electromagnetic field. In this paper, we focus on how the spontaneous emission rate of a given excited atom is altered when placed inside a perfectly conducting wedge. We begin by briefly presenting the formalism on which our calculations are founded, proceeding then to a long but straightforward calculation of the transition rate. We present results for a general atom but, for the sake of simplicity, we narrow them down to an effective two-level system in our numerical investigations. From these we conclude that the results are physically sound.
description: 10 pages, version replaced to match the published one
Electricity Restructuring: Consequences and Opportunities for the Environment
Creators: name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Heintzelman, Martin
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Heintzelman, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: electricity restructuring
subject: air quality
subject: incentive-based regulation
subject: technological change

description: The universal theme of deregulation of the electricity industry is the dismantling of the exclusive franchise, opening up some segments of the industry to competition. Technological changes in generation have helped eliminate the perception that generation is a natural monopoly, but this change has not occurred in transmission and distribution services. Marketing functions have also been opened up to competition in many places. This paper includes a brief overview of the different approaches to restructuring that have been adopted in selected countries around the world. It also surveys the existing literature that explores various aspects of how electricity restructuring is likely to affect the environment. The effect of restructuring on the environment consists of four constituent influences: (1) changes in electricity demand and how it substitutes for (and complements) the consumption of other products, (2) the substitution among fuels and other inputs in electricity production, (3) efficiency improvements that stem from the introduction of competition, and (4) the interaction of firm behavior and market structure with existing and new incentive-based approaches to environmental regulation. Not withstanding the possibility that electricity consumption displaces the use of other fuels in end uses, most studies find some negative environmental effect from increased consumption, especially with respect to carbon emissions. However, the efficiency gains that can be expected in delivering electricity services create the opportunity for additional environmental controls. Regulatory reform has arrived in the electricity sector, and it is expected to offer welfare gains that can be shared between economic and environmental objectives.
Brinkman to Onsager 1972, May 3 (with 3 reprints), "III. Solution of the hopping problem on the Cayley tree with open surface"/TS. Mandel to Onsager, 1975, March 4. Nagle to Onsager, 1973, June 11 and June 28 1974, Feb. 6 and May 3. Nagle to Sturtevant and Peters, June 11
Creators: name: Onsager, Lars
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0

description: Tidligere referanse: 8:71
Magnetic scattering of spin polarized carriers in (In,Mn)Sb dilute magnetic semiconductor
Creators: name: Csontos, M.
name: Wojtowicz, T.
name: Liu, X.
name: Jankó, M. Dobrowolska B.
name: Furdyna, J. K.
name: Mihály, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetoresistance measurements on the magnetic semiconductor (In,Mn)Sb suggest that magnetic scattering in this material is dominated by isolated Mn$^{2+}$ ions located outside the ferromagnetically-ordered regions when the system is below $T_{c}$. A model is proposed, based on the $p$-$d$ exchange between spin-polarized charge carriers and localized Mn$^{2+}$ ions, which accounts for the observed behavior both below and above the ferromagnetic phase transition. The suggested picture is further verified by high-pressure experiments, in which the degree of magnetic interaction can be varied in a controlled way.
The Role of Economics in Extended Producer Responsibility: Making Policy Choices and Setting Policy Goals
Creators: name: Walls, Margaret
name: Walls, Margaret
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: EPR
subject: recycling
subject: design for environment

description: Extended producer responsibility (EPR) embodies the notion that producers should be made physically or financially responsible for the environmental impacts their products have at the end of product life. The EPR concept has taken hold in Europe and is garnering wide interest in the United States, where a variant known as "shared product responsibility" or "product stewardship" is usually the preferred approach. There are several policy instruments that are consistent with EPR-product take-back mandates, advance disposal fees, deposit-refunds, recycled content standards, and more. The EPR concept itself, however, provides little guidance about which of these instruments might be appropriate under particular conditions and for particular products. Moreover, while the EPR goal is usually focused on end-of-life environmental impacts, in the United States, at least, the goal seems to have widened to include environmental impacts throughout the product life-cycle. And even a focus on end-of-life impacts leaves the question of whether EPR is intended to deal with waste volumes, the toxic constituents of waste, the method of waste disposal, or a combination of these things. In this paper, I address three main topics: appropriate goals for EPR; conditions under which EPR should be preferred over alternative non-EPR policy instruments; and specific policy instruments that are both cost-effective and consistent with EPR principles. In the discussion of the second and third topics, I focus on the issue of "design for environment." I develop four policy "maxims" that should guide EPR policymaking. I then apply those maxims to a brief case study of electronic and electrical equipment waste.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Detection of mm-wave transient sources
Creators: name: Naess, Sigurd
name: Battaglia, Nick
name: Bond, J. Richard
name: Calabrese, Erminia
name: Choi, Steve K.
name: Cothard, Nicholas F.
name: Devlin, Mark
name: Duell, Cody J.
name: Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J.
name: Dunkley, Jo
name: Dünner, Rolando
name: Gallardo, Patricio A.
name: Gralla, Megan
name: Guan, Yilun
name: Halpern, Mark
name: Hill, J. Colin
name: Hilton, Matt
name: Huffenberger, Kevin M.
name: Koopman, Brian J.
name: Kosowsky, Arthur B.
name: Madhavacheril, Mathew S.
name: McMahon, Jeff
name: Nati, Federico
name: Niemack, Michael D.
name: Page, Lyman
name: Partridge, Bruce
name: Salatino, Maria
name: Sehgal, Neelima
name: Spergel, David
name: Staggs, Suzanne
name: Wollack, Edward J.
name: Xu, Zhilei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the serendipitous discovery of three transient mm-wave sources using data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. The first, detected at RA = 273.8138, dec = -49.4628 at ${\sim}50σ$ total, brightened from less than 5 mJy to at least 1100 mJy at 150 GHz with an unknown rise time shorter than thirteen days, during which the increase from 250 mJy to 1100 mJy took only 8 minutes. Maximum flux was observed on 2019-11-8. The source's spectral index in flux between 90 and 150 GHz was positive, $α= 1.5\pm0.2$. The second, detected at RA = 105.1584, dec = -11.2434 at ${\sim}20σ$ total, brightened from less than 20 mJy to at least 300 mJy at 150 GHz with an unknown rise time shorter than eight days. Maximum flux was observed on 2019-12-15. Its spectral index was also positive, $α= 1.8\pm0.2$. The third, detected at RA = 301.9952, dec = 16.1652 at ${\sim}40σ$ total, brightened from less than 8 mJy to at least 300 mJy at 150 GHz over a day or less but decayed over a few days. Maximum flux was observed on 2018-9-11. Its spectrum was approximately flat, with a spectral index of $α= -0.2\pm0.1$. None of the sources were polarized to the limits of these measurements. The two rising-spectrum sources are coincident in position with M and K stars, while the third is coincident with a G star.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Spin tunneling through an indirect barrier
Creators: name: Sandu, Titus
name: Chantis, Athanasios
name: Iftimie, Radu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-dependent tunneling through an indirect bandgap barrier like the GaAs/AlAs/GaAs heterostructure along [001] direction is studied by the tight-binding method. The tunneling is characterized by the proportionality of the Dresselhaus Hamiltonians at $Γ$ and $X$ points in the barrier and by Fano resonances. The present results suggest that large spin polarization can be obtained for energy windows that exceed significantly the spin splitting. We also formulate two conditions that are necessary for the existence of energy windows with large polarization.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Stability of nonlinear magnetic black holes
Creators: name: Breton, Nora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stability of static spherically symmetric exact solutions of Einstein equations coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics, in the magnetic sector. These solutions satisfy the heuristic model proposed by Ashtekar-Corichi-Sudarsky for hairy black holes, meaning that the horizon mass is related to their Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) mass and to the corresponding particle-like solution. We test the unstability conjecture that emerges for hairy black holes and it turned out that it becomes confirmed except for the Einstein-Born-Infeld solutions.
description: 7 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev. D.In this version the stability of the solitonic solutions is addressed
Proximity effects in superconductor-ferromagnet heterostructures
Creators: name: Buzdin, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The very special characteristic of the proximity effect in superconductor-ferromagnet systems is the damped oscillatory behavior of the Cooper pair wave function in a ferromagnet. In some sense, this is analogous to the inhomogeneous superconductivity, predicted long time ago by Larkin and Ovchinnikov (1964), and Fulde and Ferrell (1964), and constantly searched since that. After the qualitative analysis of the peculiarities of the proximity effect in the presence of the exchange field, the author provides a unified description of the properties of the superconductor-ferromagnet heterostructures. Special attention is paid to the striking non-monotonous dependance of the critical temperature of the multilayers and bilayers on the ferromagnetic layer thickness and conditions of the realization of the "Pi"- Josephson junctions. The recent progress in the preparation of the high quality hybrid systems permitted to observe on experiments many interesting effects, which are also discussed in the article. Finally, the author analyzes the phenomenon of the domain-wall superconductivity and the influence of superconductivity on the magnetic structure in superconductor-ferromagnet bilayers.
description: Submitted to Reviews of Modern Physics
Intra-cavity field dynamics near avoided mode crossing in concentric silicon nitride ring resonator
Creators: name: Saha, Maitrayee
name: Roy, Samudra
name: Varshney, Shailendra K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the intra-cavity field dynamics in passive microresonator systems has already been intriguing. It becomes fascinating when the system is complex, such as a concentric dual microring resonator that exhibit avoided mode crossing (AMC). In this work, we present a systematic study of intra-cavity oscillatory field dynamics near AMC in a concentric silicon nitride microring resonator with the help of the coupled Lugiato-Lefever equation (LLE). We identify two regions viz. weakly coupled region (WCR) and strongly coupled region (SCR) based on eigenfrequency separation of the two-hybrid modes, which originate from mode coupling near AMC. In WCR, the mode coupling effect is dominant, leading to intra-cavity power oscillation between these two modes in a periodic manner and non-identical variation of their phases. In SCR, the mode coupling effect reduces gradually with nearly identical characteristics of both the modes. We further verify our numerical findings with the semi-analytical variational method, leading to an in-depth understanding of the mode coupling induced dynamics. We finally analyze the polarization evolving state, and the polarization locked state with the help of Stokes parameters and Jones vectors in WCR and SCR, respectively.
The Social Costs of Electricity: Do the Numbers Add Up?
Creators: name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Burtraw, Dallas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: electricity
subject: environment
subject: health
subject: social costs
subject: adders
subject: externalities

description: Several recent studies have mounted major efforts to estimate the social cost of electricity generation. This paper provides an overview of this literature and a focused qualitative and quantitative comparison of the most comprehensive and rigorous of these studies. The paper also provides a synthesis that can help reduce the cost of future applications of these methods.
Environmental Implications of the Health Care Service Sector
Creators: name: Davies, Terry
name: Lowe, Adam I.
name: Davies, Terry
name: Lowe, Adam I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: health care
subject: medical services
subject: service sector
subject: environmental impact analysis
subject: sector environmental profile
subject: sector-based strategies

description: This report analyzes the environmental effects associated with activities undertaken and influenced by the health care service sector. It is one part of a larger study to better understand the environmental effects of service sector activities and the implications for management strategies. Considerable analysis has documented the service sector's contribution to domestic economic conditions, yet little analysis has been performed on the broad impacts service firms have on environmental quality. For this study we developed a framework to examine the nature of service sector industries' influence on environmental quality. Three primary types of influence were identified: direct impacts, upstream impacts, and downstream impacts. In addition, indirect impacts induced by service sector activities include their influence over settlement patterns and indirect influences over other sectors of the economy. In our initial analysis, we noted that many functions performed in the service sector also are commonly found in other sectors. We have analyzed the impacts of these activities separately from those unique to the health care sector, as they present different challenges. Health care is one of the largest U.S. industries, employing one in nine workers and costing one in seven dollars generated in the economy. Functions performed in the industry that are common in other sectors include: transportation; laundry; food services; facility cleaning; heating and cooling; and photographic processing. Activities unique to the health care industry include: infectious waste generation and disposal; medical waste incineration; equipment sterilization; dental fillings; ritual mercury usage; x-ray diagnosis; nuclear medicine; pharmaceutical usage and disposal; and drinking water fluoridation. The industry has considerable leverage upstream on its suppliers, which is important to managing risks from the use of goods commonly used in the industry, including: mercury-containing products, polyvinyl chloride plastics, latex gloves, and syringe needles. We identified a number of areas for potential environmental management initiatives: controlling emissions from on-site "production" type functions; mercury use; the environmental consequences of infection control measures; pollution prevention through substitution of alternative health care services; and research and data collection.
Identifying Biomagnetic Sources in the Brain by the Maximum Entropy Approach
Creators: name: Pai, Hung-I
name: Tseng, Chih-Yuan
name: Lee, HC
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements record magnetic fields generated from neurons while information is being processed in the brain. The inverse problem of identifying sources of biomagnetic fields and deducing their intensities from MEG measurements is ill-posed when the number of field detectors is far less than the number of sources. This problem is less severe if there is already a reasonable prior knowledge in the form of a distribution in the intensity of source activation. In this case the problem of identifying and deducing source intensities may be transformed to one of using the MEG data to update a prior distribution to a posterior distribution. Here we report on some work done using the maximum entropy method (ME) as an updating tool. Specifically, we propose an implementation of the ME method in cases when the prior contain almost no knowledge of source activation. Two examples are studied, in which part of motor cortex is activated with uniform and varying intensities, respectively.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures. Presented at 25th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering, San Jose, CA, USA Aug 7-12, 2005
Comprehensive Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment in the Makran Subduction Zone
Creators: name: Salah, Parastoo
name: Sasaki, Jun
name: Soltanpour, Mohsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After the 2004 and 2011 tsunamis came unprecedented to the scientific community the role of probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTHA) in tsunami-prone areas came to the fore. The Makran subduction zone (MSZ) is a hazardous tsunami-prone region; however, due to its low population density, it is not as prominent in literature. In this study, we assess the threat of tsunami hazard posed to the coast of Iran and Pakistan by the MSZ and present a comprehensive PTHA for the entire coast regardless of population density. We accounted for sources of epistemic uncertainties by employing event tree and ensemble modeling. Aleatory variability was also considered through probability density function. Further, we considered the contribution of small to large magnitudes and used our event trees to create a multitude of scenarios as initial conditions. Funwave-TVD was employed to propagate these scenarios. Our results demonstrate that the spread of hazard curves for different locations on the coast is remarkably large, and the probability that a maximum wave will exceed 3 m somewhere along the coast reaches $\{13.5, 25, 52, 74, 91\}\%$ for return periods $\{50,100, 250, 500, 1000\}$, respectively. Moreover, we found that the exceedance probability could be higher at the west part of Makran for a long return period if we consider it as active as the east part of the MSZ. Finally, we demonstrated that the contribution of aleatory variability is significant, and overlooking it leads to a significant hazard underestimation, particularly for a long return period.
description: V1: 26 pages, many figures; V2: minor corrections, section 2.3.5 added, Refs added
Past, Present, and Future of Wetlands Credit Sales
Creators: name: Shabman, Leonard A.
name: Scodari, Paul F.
name: Shabman, Leonard A.
name: Scodari, Paul F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: wetlands mitigation
subject: wetlands banking
subject: environmental markets
subject: Clean Water Act

description: In this paper we review the evolution of the wetlands credit sales program developed to support the federal wetlands permit program. Then, we explain how the regulatory rules governing the overall permit program, as well as specific rules governing credit sales, have prevented the development of robust markets in credit buying and selling. Based on this review, we identify an alternative institutional structure that would apply marketlike principles to expand the quantity of and lower the prices of credits while ensuring that wetlands credit sales help move the nation toward its goal: no net loss of wetlands acres and functions.
Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of pepck Gene in Vibrio alginolyticus
Creators: name: ZENG Fuyuan
name: ZHAO Yin
name: ZHOU Shihui
name: PAN Chuanhao
name: XIE Miao
name: PANG Huanying
name: ZENG Fuyuan
name: ZHAO Yin
name: ZHOU Shihui
name: PAN Chuanhao
name: XIE Miao
name: PANG Huanying
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Vibrio alginolyticus, pepck gene, Gene cloning, Bioinformatics analysis

description: [Objectives] To clone the pepck gene of Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901 and analyze its sequence by bioinformatics. [Methods] According to the complete gene sequence of V. alginolyticus on GenBank, specific primers were designed to amplify the target gene pepck by PCR. The sequence of the pepck gene was analyzed using bioinformatics. The phylogenic tree of pepck gene and the corresponding single-subunit three-dimensional structure were constructed. [Results] The pepck gene of V. alginolyticus strain HY9901 has a full length of 1 629 bp, with theoretical molecular weight of 60.12 kD. The prediction results show that there is no signal peptide or transmembrane region at the N-terminus of the sequence, the amino acid sequence contains 11 phosphorylation sites of casein kinase II. The prediction results of protein subcellular localization indicate that PEPEK protein is localized in the cytoplasm. The protein is stable and hydrophobic. The tertiary structure of the PEPCK protein of V. alginolyticus is similar to that of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It is predicted that PEPCK has a major functional domain PEPCK_ATP. In the secondary structure, alpha helix, random coil, and extended strand accounted for 21.96%, 52.03% and 26.01%, respectively. The PEPCK homology between V. alginolyticus and Vibrio diabolicus is as high as 99%. [Conclusions] This study lays the foundation for further understanding the function of pepck gene in V. alginolyticus.
Mertens' theorem for toral automorphisms
Creators: name: Jaidee, S.
name: Stevens, S.
name: Ward, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37C35, 11J72

description: A dynamical Mertens' theorem for ergodic toral automorphisms with error term O(N^{-1}) is found, and the influence of resonances among the eigenvalues of unit modulus is examined. Examples are found with many more, and with many fewer, periodic orbits than expected.
description: Revised
Risk Assessment for National Natural Resource Conservation Programs
Creators: name: Powell, Mark R.
name: Wilson, James D.
name: Powell, Mark R.
name: Wilson, James D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper reviews the risk assessments prepared by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in support of regulations implementing the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP). These two natural resource conservation programs were authorized as part of the 1996 Farm Bill. The risk assessments were required under the Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. The framework used for the assessments was appropriate, but the assessments could be improved in the areas of assessments endpoint selection, definition, and estimation. Many of the assessment endpoints were too diffuse or ill-defined to provide an adequate characterization of the program benefits. Two reasons for this lack of clarity were apparent: 1) the large, unprioritized set of natural resource conservation objectives for the two programs and 2) there is little agreement about what changes in environmental attributes caused by agriculture should be considered adverse and which may be considered negligible. There is also some "double counting" of program benefits. Although the CRP and EQIP are, in part, intended to assist agricultural producers with regulatory compliance, the resultant environmental benefits would occur absent the programs. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for continuing efforts to conduct regulatory analyses of these major conservation programs. The central recommendation is that future risk assessments go beyond efforts to identify the natural resources at greatest risk due to agricultural production activities and instead provide scientific input for analyses of the cost-effectiveness of the conservation programs.
Power transfer in nonlinear gravitational clustering and asymptotic universality
Creators: name: Padmanabhan, T.
name: Ray, Suryadeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non linear gravitational clustering of collisionless particles in an expanding background using an integro-differential equation for the gravitational potential. In particular, we address the question of how the nonlinear mode-mode coupling transfers power from one scale to another in the Fourier space if the initial power spectrum is sharply peaked at a given scale. We show that the dynamical equation allows self similar evolution for the gravitational potential $ϕ_{\bf k}(t)$ in Fourier space of the form $ϕ_{\bf k}(t) = F(t)D({\bf k}) $ where the function $F(t)$ satisfies a second order non-linear differential equation. We provide a complete analysis of the relevant solutions of this equation thereby determining the asymptotic time evolution of the gravitational potential and density contrast. The analysis shows that both $F(t) $ and $D({\bf k})$ have well defined asymptotic forms indicating that the power transfer leads to a universal power spectrum at late times. The analytic results are compared with numerical simulations showing good agreement.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures; added a figure and discussion demonstrating asymptotic universality more clearly
Multiple critical points for near-symmetric functionals and application to a non-homogenous boundary value problem
Creators: name: Chambers, Christine Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A method of perturbation from symmetry, developed by Bolle [Bol99] in order to prove that a particular non-homogeneous boundary value problem has infinitely many solutions, is presented as an abstract result in critical point theory. The main theorem establishes the existence of multiple critical points for certain "near-symmetric" functionals. As an application, we consider the problem [mathematical problem shown in abstract] where Ω is a smooth, bounded, open subset of ⁿ (n > 2), λ > 0,1 < q < p, f ε C(Ω, R) and uo ε C²(<მΩ, R). We prove that this equation has an infinite number of solutions for P < (n+1)/(n-1) and that for any sub-crtical p i.e., p < (n+2)/(n-2), there are as many solutions as we like, provided ʃ and u₀ are small enough.
Geography and Embodied Perceptions: a pathway to reanimating rivers through lived experiences.
Creators: name: Brain, Flora
name: Saldana, Christiana
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2024

description: In this lesson students embark upon a journey through the many ways we come to know a watershed, with foci on its physical geography and our embodied perceptions. This enables students to formulate a holistic understanding of the value of watersheds, situating any future discipline-specific foci within a broad understanding of what watersheds mean to humanity. Required site conditions are simply the bank of any river or stream channel. Equipment needs are minimal. Written data is collected in notebooks. The “data” will address questions of geography and philosophy, such as “what are the physical components of a watershed?” and “what are the roles of humanity in regard to rivers?” This lesson has broad applicability across different regions. It complements quantitative scientific river-based field lessons by actively grounding students’ understanding of humanity’s inherent subjectivity in their perceptions of rivers. The intent of this lesson is to engage with subjectivity, connecting students with the riverine place they are in through an exploration of their perceptions and feelings, ultimately deepening their relationships with rivers and places.
Labour use and its adjustment in Indian manufacturing industries
Creators: name: Heshmati, Almas
name: Bhandari, Amit K.
name: Heshmati, Almas
name: Bhandari, Amit K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: This study provides an empirical investigation of the adjustment process of labour in Indian manufacturing industries, which evolved through structural transformation in the era of globalization. The analysis is based on a dynamic model applied to a panel of 22 two-digit manufacturing industries for a time period of 22 years covering 1980/81 to 2001/02. We assume that as competition increases industries adjust their employment to a desired level which is both industry and time specific. The results indicate that manufacturing sector has shown considerable dynamism in adjusting its workforce. The long run labour demand responds greatest to the output, followed by capital and least by wages. It is observed that Indian manufacturing is not inefficient in labour use as modest speed of adjustment has led employment size at near the optimal level.
Matching of Singly- and Doubly-Unresolved Limits of Tree-level QCD Squared Matrix Elements
Creators: name: Somogyi, Gábor
name: Trócsányi, Zoltán
name: Del Duca, Vittorio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe how to disentangle the singly- and doubly-unresolved (soft and/or collinear) limits of tree-level QCD squared matrix elements. Using the factorization formulae presented in this paper, we outline a viable general subtraction scheme for computing next-to-next-to-leading order corrections for electron-positron annihilation into jets.
description: 53 pages, no figures, journal version, 1 reference added, minor corrections
Optimal Management of a Eutrophied Coastal Ecosystem: Balancing Agricultural and Municipal Abatement Measures
Creators: name: Laukkanen, Marita
name: Huhtala, Anni
name: Laukkanen, Marita
name: Huhtala, Anni
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Agriculture and municipal wastewater are the principal sources of eutrophying nutrients in many water ecosystems. We develop a model which considers the characteristics of agricultural and municipal nutrient abatement. The model explicitly accounts for the investment needed to set up wastewater treatment facilities, and makes it possible to determine the optimal timing of investment as well as the optimal agricultural and municipal abatement levels. We apply the model to the Finnish coastal waters of the Gulf of Finland. Our results indicate that substantial savings in abatement costs and the damage associated with eutrophication could be obtained by constructing the facilities needed to process all the wastewaters entering the coastal ecosystem. The optimal timing of investment is shown to hinge on both the economic and ecological characteristics of the ecosystem.
Reconciling Economic and Biological Modeling of Migratory Fish Stocks:Optimal Management of the Atlantic Salmon Fishery in the Baltic Sea
Creators: name: Kulmala, Soile
name: Laukkanen, Marita
name: Michielsens, Catherine
name: Kulmala, Soile
name: Laukkanen, Marita
name: Michielsens, Catherine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The paper puts forward a model of the Atlantic salmon fishery in the Baltic Sea that integrates the salient biological and economic characteristics of migratory fish stocks. Designed to be compatible with the framework used for actual stock assessments, the model accounts for agestructured population dynamics, the seasonal harvest and competing harvesting by commercial and recreational fishermen. It is calibrated using data and parameter estimates for the Simojoki River stock. The socially optimal policy for maximizing discounted net benefits from the fishery within an uncertain environment is determined using a dynamic programming approach and numerical solution method. Our results indicate that substantial economic benefits could be realized under optimal management without compromising stock sustainability.
Fair policies for the coffee trade - protecting people or biodiversity?
Creators: name: Kitti, Mitri
name: Heikkila, Jaakko
name: Huhtala, Anni
name: Kitti, Mitri
name: Heikkila, Jaakko
name: Huhtala, Anni
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Food Security and Poverty

description: We investigate the role that economic instruments can play in the eradication of poverty and preservation of biodiversity in agroforestry management in coffee production. Most of the world's coffee producers live in poverty and manage agro-ecosystems in regions that culturally and biologically are among the most diverse on the globe. Despite the relatively recent finding that bees can augment pollination and boost coffee crop yields substantially, the short-term revenues to be had from intense monoculture drive land-use decisions that destroy forest strips serving as habitats for pollinating insects. Our study investigates the possibility of multiple equilibria in the adoption of technology in coffee production; farmers specialize in environmentally detrimental (sun-grown) or sustainable (shade-grown)farming or both practices co-exist. We calibrate an empirical model to characterize the equilibria and investigate the ecological and economic impacts of alternative policy instruments, among these protection fees, price premiums and a minimum wage.
Interacting demand and supply conditions in European bank lending
Creators: name: Heshmati, Almas
name: Lindstrom, Ossi
name: Heshmati, Almas
name: Lindstrom, Ossi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper investigates credit channel of monetary policy by accounting for simultaneous interaction of banks' and firms' credit conditions and their adjustment costs, which are neglected in the previous studies. Based on the European data we find that these conditions are interacting, although their adjustment costs differ across banks, firm size, countries, and over time. The results suggest that a common European monetary policy should then deal with uncertainty over credit market conditions and firms' and banks' country-specific and size-dependent reactions. It should also monitor large firms' exploitation of banks' credit rationing as it can have great impacts on the smaller firms' lending and financial stability conditions.
Fullerene graphs have exponentially many perfect matchings
Creators: name: Kardos, Frantisek
name: Král', Daniel
name: Miskuf, Jozef
name: Sereni, Jean-Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 05C70, 92E10

description: A fullerene graph is a planar cubic 3-connected graph with only pentagonal and hexagonal faces. We show that fullerene graphs have exponentially many perfect matchings.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Tension-Induced Morphological Transition in Mixed Lipid Bilayers
Creators: name: Komura, S.
name: Shimokawa, N.
name: Andelman, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Rozovsky et al. reported on the morphology and dynamics of superstructures in three-component lipid bilayers containing saturated and unsaturated lipids as well as cholesterol [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 36 (2005)]. We comment that the observed sequence of the stripe to hexagonal morphological transition in mixed bilayers can be attributed to an enhanced membrane surface tension that is induced by the vesicle adhesion on the solid surface.
Discerning welfare impacts of public provision of recreation areas
Creators: name: Huhtala, Anni
name: Pouta, Eija
name: Huhtala, Anni
name: Pouta, Eija
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study presents a framework for investigating responses to the supply of public recreation opportunities when supply affects both probability of use and frequency of use days. These components are used to estimate the marginal social net benefits of an exogenous increase in the supply of public recreation opportunities. The study investigates distributional patterns of visiting behavior and benefit estimates for alternative supply strategies, i.e., reduced distance or increased acreage. The results indicate that the probability of participation and the number of use days respond differently to alternative supply strategies and that response varies by income group.
Asymmetric Transmission of Price Information Between the Meat Market of Finland and Other EU Countries - Testing for Signals on Oligopolistic Behaviour
Creators: name: Jalonoja, Kati
name: Liu, Xing
name: Pietola, Kyosti
name: Jalonoja, Kati
name: Liu, Xing
name: Pietola, Kyosti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper estimates market integration between the Finnish and German pork and beef markets. An econometric error correction model that allows for threshold effects and asymmetric price response is estimated. The data are weekly price observations during the period of 1995-2004. Each price series have 520 observations. The results suggest that the Finnish beef prices are stationary and they are not co-integrated with the German price. Thus, the domestic and imported beef may be treated as different goods by consumers. The pork prices are integrated of the first order I(1) and they are also co-integrated. The threshold effects are significant and the price adjustment process is asymmetric, but slow in all regimes. The price transmission process has rigidities that may be a result from the concentrated processing and retailing sectors.
The Impact of Public Funds on Private R&D Investment: New Evidence from a Firm Level Innovation Study
Creators: name: Heshmati, Almas
name: Loof, Hans
name: Heshmati, Almas
name: Loof, Hans
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper investigates the effectiveness of a public innovation policy aimed at stimulating private R&D investment. The research will examine whether public funding increases the total spending on research or merely displaces funding from private sources. The empirical analysis is based on the Community Innovation Surveydata merged with register data. It is an evaluation of whether firms receiving public funds have on average a higher R&D intensity compared to those not receiving any such support. In order to account for possible selectivity bias, and to improve comparability of firms, two different versions of a semi-parametric matching approach are employed. The two matching estimators result in somewhat different results. The Nearest Neighbour estimator is preferred to the Kernel estimator. The results support the hypothesis suggesting that there are additive effects of public R&D financing on private research expenditures, but the only beneficiaries are small firms.
Nanoparticle size distribution estimation by full-pattern powder diffraction analysis
Creators: name: Cervellino, A.
name: Giannini, C.
name: Guagliardi, A.
name: Ladisa, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The increasing scientific and technological interest in nanoparticles has raised the need for fast, efficient and precise characterization techniques. Powder diffraction is a very efficient experimental method, as it is straightforward and non-destructive. However, its use for extracting information regarding very small particles brings some common crystallographic approximations to and beyond their limits of validity. Powder pattern diffraction calculation methods are critically discussed, with special focus on spherical particles with log-normal distribution, with the target of determining size distribution parameters. A 20-nm CeO$_{2}$ sample is analyzed as example.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev. B