cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hadrons with Charm and Beauty
Creators: name: Bagan, E.
name: Dosch, H. G.
name: Gosdzinsky, P.
name: Narison, S.
name: Richard, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By combining potential models and QCD spectral sum rules (QSSR), we discuss the spectroscopy of the $(b\bar c)$ mesons and of the $(bcq)$, $(ccq)$ and $(bbq)$ baryons (${q}\equiv {d}$ or $s$), the decay constant and the (semi)leptonic decay modes of the $B_c$ meson. For the masses, the best predictions come from potential models and read: $M_{B_c} = (6255 \pm 20)$~MeV, $M_{B^*_c} = (6330 \pm 20)$~MeV, $M_{Λ(bcu)} = (6.93\pm 0.05)$~GeV, $M_{Ω(bcs)} = (7.00\pm 0.05)$~GeV, $M_{Ξ^*(ccu)} =(3.63\pm 0.05)$~GeV and $M_{Ξ^*(bbu)} = (10.21\pm 0.05)$~GeV. The decay constant $f_{B_c} = (2.94 \pm 0.21) f_π$ is well determined from QSSR and leads to: $Γ(B_c \rightarrow ν_ττ) = (3.0 \pm 0.4)( V_{cb}/0.037 )^2$ $\times 10^{10}$ s$^{-1}$.The uses of the vertex sum rules for the semileptonic decays of the $B_c$ show that the $t$-dependence of the form factors is much stronger than predicted by vector meson dominance. It also predicts the almost equal strength of about 0.30 $\times 10^{10}$ sec$^{-1}$ for the semileptonic rates $B_c$ into $B_s, B^*_s,η_c$ and J/$ψ$. Besides these phenomenological results, we also show explicitly how the Wilson coefficients of the $\langleα_s G^2\rangle$ and $\langle G^3\rangle$ gluon condensates already contain the full heavy quark- ($\langle\bar QQ\rangle$) and mixed- ($\langle\bar QGQ\rangle$) condensate contributions in the OPE.}
description: 32 pages, LaTeX, no changes in the 1994 paper, latex errors corrected in 2014
Social Robot Navigation
Creators: name: Kirby, Rachel
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mobile robots that encounter people on a regular basis must react to them in some way. While traditional robot control algorithms treat all unexpected sensor readings as objects to be avoided, we argue that robots that operate around people should react socially to those people, following the same social conventions that people use around each other. This thesis presents our COMPANION framework: a Constraint-Optimizing Method for Person–Acceptable NavigatION. COMPANION is a generalized framework for representing social conventions as components of a constraint optimization problem, which is used for path planning and navigation. Social conventions, such as personal space and tending to the right, are described as mathematical cost functions that can be used by an optimal path planner. These social conventions are combined with more traditional constraints, such as minimizing distance, in a flexible way, so that additional constraints can be added easily. We present a set of constraints that specify the social task of traveling around people. We explore the implementation of this task first in simulation, where we demonstrate a robot’s behavior in a wide variety of scenarios. We also detail how a robot’s behavior can be changed by using different relative weights between the constraints or by using constraints representing different sociocultural conventions. We then explore the specific case of passing a person in a hallway, using the robot Grace. Through a user study, we show that people interpret the robot’s behavior according to human social norms, and also that people ascribe different personalities to the robot depending on its level of social behavior. In addition, we present an extension of the COMPANION framework that is able to represent joint tasks between the robot and a person. We identify the constraints necessary to represent the task of having a robot escort a person while traveling side-by-side. In simulation, we show the capability of this representation to produce behaviors such as speeding up or slowing down to travel together around corners, as well as complex maneuvers to travel through narrow chokepoints and return to a side-by-side formation. Finally, we present a newly designed robot, Companion, that is intended as a platform for general social human–robot research. Companion is a holonomic robot, able to move sideways without turning first, which we believe is an important social capability. We detail the design and capabilities of this new platform. As a whole, this thesis demonstrates both a need for, and an implementation and evaluation of, robots that navigate around people according to social norms.
Supersymmetric, Integrable Toda Field Theories: The B(1,1) Model
Creators: name: Penati, Silvia
name: Zanon, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the two-dimensional supersymmetric Toda theory based on the Lie superalgebra $B(1,1) \equiv Osp(3|2)$ and construct its quantum W-currents. We also investigate the fermionic affinization of this model: we show that despite the non-unitary form of the Lagrangian the $B^{(1)}(1,1)$ theory has a real particle mass spectrum which is not renormalized at one-loop. We construct the first higher--spin conserved current, prove its conservation to all-loop order, compute one-loop corrections to the corresponding charge and check consistency between charge and mass renormalization.
description: 14 pages
Statistical physics for cosmic structures
Creators: name: Labini, Francesco Sylos
name: Pietronero, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent observations of galaxy and dark matter clumpy distributions have provided new elements to the understating of the problem of cosmological structure formation. The strong clumpiness characterizing galaxy structures seems to be present in the overall mass distribution and its relation to the highly isotropic Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation represents a fundamental problem. The extension of structures, the formation of power-law correlations characterizing the strongly clustered regime and the relation between dark and visible matter are the key problems both from an observational and a theoretical point of view. We discuss recent progresses in the studies of structure formation by using concepts and methods of statistical physics.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, European Physical Journal B - STATPHYS 23 topical issue in the press (2007)
Social Network Theory In Engineering Education
Creators: name: Simon, Peter A.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 90799 Environmental Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Collaborative groups are important both in the learning environment of engineering education and, in the real world, the business of engineering design. Selecting appropriate individuals to form an effective group and monitoring a group’s progress are important aspects of successful task performance. This exploratory study looked at using the concepts of cognitive social structures, structural balance, and centrality from social network analysis as well as the measures of emotional intelligence. The concepts were used to analyze potential team members to examine if an individual's ability to perceive emotion in others and the self and to use, understand, and manage those emotions are a factor in a group’s performance. The students from a capstone design course in computer engineering were used as volunteer subjects. They were formed into groups and assigned a design exercise to determine whether and which of the above mentioned tools would be effective in both selecting teams and predicting the quality of the resultant design. The results were inconclusive with the exception of an individual's ability to accurately perceive emotions. The instruments that were successful were the Self-Monitoring scale and the accuracy scores derived from cognitive social structures and Level IV of network levels of analysis.
Current fluctuations in periodically driven systems
Creators: name: Barato, Andre C
name: Chetrite, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small nonequelibrium systems driven by an external periodic protocol can be described by Markov processes with time-periodic transition rates. In general, current fluctuations in such small systems are large and may play a crucial role. We develop a theoretical formalism to evaluate the rate of such large deviations in periodically driven systems. We show that the scaled cumulant generating function that characterizes current fluctuations is given by a maximal Floquet exponent. Comparing deterministic protocols with stochastic protocols, we show that, with respect to large deviations, systems driven by a stochastic protocol with an infinitely large number of jumps are equivalent to systems driven by deterministic protocols. Our results are illustrated with three case studies: a two-state model for a heat engine, a three-state model for a molecular pump, and a biased random walk with a time-periodic affinity.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Emotion capture based on body postures and movements
Creators: name: Clay, Alexis
name: Couture, Nadine
name: Nigay, Laurence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we present a preliminary study for designing interactive systems that are sensible to human emotions based on the body movements. To do so, we first review the literature on the various approaches for defining and characterizing human emotions. After justifying the adopted characterization space for emotions, we then focus on the movement characteristics that must be captured by the system for being able to recognize the human emotions.
description: 22 pages
Asymptotic symmetries of electromagnetism at spatial infinity
Creators: name: Henneaux, Marc
name: Troessaert, Cédric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the asymptotic symmetries of Maxwell theory at spatial infinity through the Hamiltonian formalism. Precise, consistent boundary conditions are explicitly given and shown to be invariant under asymptotic angle-dependent $u(1)$-gauge transformations. These symmetries generically have non-vanishing charges. The algebra of the canonical generators of this infinite-dimensional symmetry with the Poincaré charges is computed. The treatment requires the addition of surface degrees of freedom at infinity and a modification of the standard symplectic form by surface terms. We extend the general formulation of well-defined generators and Hamiltonian vector fields to encompass such boundary modifications of the symplectic structure. Our study covers magnetic monopoles.
description: 30 pages
The Bogdanov Map: Bifurcations, Mode Locking, and Chaos in a Dissipative System
Creators: name: Arrowsmith, David K.
name: Cartwright, Julyan H. E.
name: Lansbury, Alexis N.
name: Place, Colin M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the bifurcations and basins of attraction in the Bogdanov map, a planar quadratic map which is conjugate to the Hénon area-preserving map in its conservative limit. It undergoes a Hopf bifurcation as dissipation is added, and exhibits the panoply of mode locking, Arnold tongues, and chaos as an invariant circle grows out, finally to be destroyed in the homoclinic tangency of the manifolds of a remote saddle point. The Bogdanov map is the Euler map of a two-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations first considered by Bogdanov and Arnold in their study of the versal unfolding of the double-zero-eigenvalue singularity, and equivalently of a vector field invariant under rotation of the plane by an angle $2π$. It is a useful system in which to observe the effect of dissipative perturbations on Hamiltonian structure. In addition, we argue that the Bogdanov map provides a good approximation to the dynamics of the Poincaré maps of periodically forced oscillators.
description: Replacement PDF version converted from old 1990s files
title: Συστήματα παροχής ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας στα εμπορικά πλοία
Creators: name: Σιγαλας Κωνσταντινος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Ο σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση του τρόπου κατασκευής και λειτουργίας των συστημάτων παραγωγής ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας καθώς και της χρήσης τους στα εμπορικά πλοία. Αποτελεί λοιπόν μία διερεύνηση των αρχών και των μεθόδων για την παραγωγή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας, με ανάλυση αρχικώς της κατασκευής και λειτουργίας μιας ηλεκτρογεννήτριας, συμβατικά, είτε μέσω μιας κινητήριας μηχανής ΜΕΚ (Μηχανής Εσωτερικής Καύσης), είτε μέσω εγκατάστασης και λειτουργίας ατμοστροβίλου, και εν συνεχεία μέσω εναλλακτικών μορφών ενέργειας.
Αρχικά, γίνεται μία γενική περιγραφή της παροχής ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας στα εμπορικά πλοία και μία ιστορική αναφορά των πρώτων συστημάτων τα οποία εγκαταστάθηκαν σε αυτά. Στην συνέχεια, αναλύονται τα συστήματα ηλεκτρολογικών εγκαταστάσεων και των χαρακτηριστικών τους, των μηχανών με τις οποίες γίνεται η παραγωγή της ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας, και των ηλεκτρογεννητριών των πλοίων με αναφορά στα επιμέρους μέρη και κατηγορίες τους. Ακολούθως, περιγράφεται η λειτουργία των συστημάτων παροχής ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας καθώς και οι διάφορες εφαρμογές - χρήση τους, στην εμπορική ναυτιλία.
Τέλος, στην εργασία δεν θα μπορούσε να παραλειφθεί η αναφορά στις εναλλακτικές μορφές και συστήματα παροχής ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας, όπως σε συστήματα με αιολική, κυματική, ενέργεια καθώς και φωτοβολταϊκά και υβριδικά συστήματα για τα οποία γίνεται σημαντική μελέτη κατά τελευταία χρόνια.
Cosmological String Backgrounds from Gauged WZW Models
Creators: name: Kounnas, C.
name: Luest, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the four-dimensional target-space interpretation of bosonic strings based on gauged WZW models, in particular of those based on the non-compact coset space $SL(2,{\bf R})\times SO(1,1)^2 /SO(1,1)$. We show that these theories lead, apart from the recently broadly discussed black-hole type of backgrounds, to cosmological string backgrounds, such as an expanding Universe. Which of the two cases is realized depends on the sign of the level of the corresponding Kac-Moody algebra. We discuss various aspects of these new cosmological string backgrounds.
description: 11 pages
Morphological Changes of Small Viscous Droplets under Spreading
Creators: name: Venäläinen, O.
name: Ala-Nissila, T.
name: Kaski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of spreading of viscous non - volatile fluid droplets on surfaces is modelled using a solid - on - solid model, which is studied with Monte Carlo simulations. Tendency for dynamical layering and surface attraction are in part embedded into the effective dynamics of the model. This allows a description of the spreading process with a single parameter, which strongly influences the morphology of the droplets. The results qualitatively reproduce many experimentally observed density profiles for polymeric fluids, including rounded droplet shapes, and dynamical layering. PACS numbers: 68.10Gw, 05.70.Ln, 61.20.Ja.
description: 12 pages, LaTeX, Helsinki University preprint HU-TFT-93-39, to appear in Europhys. Letters (figs. by request from ala@phcu.helsinki.fi)
Scaled penalization of Brownian motion with drift and the Brownian ascent
Creators: name: Panzo, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J65, 60F17

description: We study a scaled version of a two-parameter Brownian penalization model introduced by Roynette-Vallois-Yor in arXiv:math/0511102. The original model penalizes Brownian motion with drift $h\in\mathbb{R}$ by the weight process ${\big(\exp(νS_t):t\geq 0\big)}$ where $ν\in\mathbb{R}$ and $\big(S_t:t\geq 0\big)$ is the running maximum of the Brownian motion. It was shown there that the resulting penalized process exhibits three distinct phases corresponding to different regions of the $(ν,h)$-plane. In this paper, we investigate the effect of penalizing the Brownian motion concurrently with scaling and identify the limit process. This extends a result of Roynette-Yor for the ${ν<0,~h=0}$ case to the whole parameter plane and reveals two additional "critical" phases occurring at the boundaries between the parameter regions. One of these novel phases is Brownian motion conditioned to end at its maximum, a process we call the Brownian ascent. We then relate the Brownian ascent to some well-known Brownian path fragments and to a random scaling transformation of Brownian motion recently studied by Rosenbaum-Yor.
description: 32 pages; made additions to Section 6
Situational Awareness and Mixed Initiative Markup for Human-Robot Team Plans
Creators: name: Brooks, Nathan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As robots become more reliable and user interfaces (UI) become more powerful, human- robot teams are being applied to more real world problems. Human-robot teams o er redundancy and heterogeneous capabilities desirable in scientific investigation, surveillance, disaster response, and search and rescue operations. Large teams are overwhelming for a human operator, so systems employ high level team plans to describe the operator's supervisory roles and the team's tasks and goals. In addition, UIs apply situational awareness (SA) techniques and mixed initiative (MI) invocation of services to manage the operator's workload. However, current systems use static SA and MI settings which cannot capture changes in the plan's context or the overall system configuration. The configuration for one domain, device, environment, or section of a plan may not be appropriate for others, limiting performance. This thesis addresses these issues by developing a team plan language for human-robot teams and augments it with a situational awareness and mixed initiative (SAMI) markup language. SAMI markup captures SA techniques for UI components, MI settings for decision making, and constraints for algorithm selection at specific points in a team plan. In addition, we identify properties of the team plan language and use them to develop semantic and syntactic software agents which aid plan development. To test the team plan language and markup's ability to capture complex behavior and context specific needs, we design several experiments in simulation and deploy a large team of autonomous watercraft. Run-time statistics and the team's ability to adapt to challenges \in the wild" are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the marked up language. To assess the learnability of the language by non-experts, a user study evaluating a series of self-guided lessons is designed. Users with exposure to computer science concepts complete training material during which task performance and interviews are used to assess the effectiveness and scalability of the material. These contributions demonstrate an approach to improve the accessibility of human-robot teams and their performance in complex environments.
Renormalization group equations in curved space-time with non-trivial Topology
Creators: name: Elizalde, E.
name: Odintsov, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Renormalization group equations for massless GUT's in curved space-time with non-trivial topology are formulated. The asymptotics of the effective action both at high and low energies are obtained. It is shown that the Casimir energy contribution at high curvature (early Universe) becomes non-essential in the effective action.
description: 7 Pages
RETURN To an Address to His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor, praying him to cause to be laid before this House a Return showing the quantity of land granted or applied for by the Esquimalt & Nanaimo Railway Company, under the provisions of the Island Railway (47 Vic., chap. 14) in lieu of land alienated in the Island Railway Belt. Such Return to show in detail: -- (a.) The several districts, settlements, reserves, towns, and townsites situates in the belt: what lands are claimed, or alleged by the Company for the purposes of their application, to have been alientated by Crown grant: (b.) What by pre-emption: (c.) What by agreement for sale: (d.) What by lease: (e.) What as highways or road allowances: (f.) What in any other way alienated.
Creators: name: British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
Publisher: name: Victoria, BC : Government Printer
Year: 2014

Abstract
Liapunov's direct method for Birkhoffian systems: Applications to electrical networks
Creators: name: Ionescu-Kruse, Delia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A26, 34D20, 58A20, 94C

description: In this paper, the concepts and the direct theorems of stability in the sense of Liapunov, within the framework of Birkhoffian dynamical systems on manifolds, are considered. The Liapunov-type functions are constructed for linear and nonlinear LC and RLC electrical networks, to prove stability under certain conditions.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
Neighborhood deprivation and DNA methylation and expression of cancer genes in breast tumors
Creators: name: Jenkins, Brittany D.
name: Rossi, Emily
name: Pichardo, Catherine
name: Wooten, William
name: Pichardo, Margaret
name: Tang, Wei
name: H.Dorsey, Tiffany
name: Ajao, Anuoluwapo
name: Hutchison, Ruby
name: Moubadder, Leah
name: McCullough, Lauren E
name: Bailey-Whyte, Maeve
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: IMPORTANCE The biological processes that underlie the association of neighborhood environment with chronic diseases, such as cancer, remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To determine whether differences in breast tissue DNA methylation are associated with neighborhood deprivation among Black and White women with breast cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study collected breast tissue from women undergoing surgery for breast cancer between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 2003. Participants were recruited through the University of Maryland Medical Center, with additional collection sites at Baltimore-area hospitals. Data analysis was performed from March 1 through December 1, 2022. EXPOSURE Year 2000 census tract–level socioeconomic deprivation measured via neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) as a standardized score, with Black and White race being ascertained through self-report. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES The primary outcome was tissue DNA methylation using genome-wide measurements. The secondary outcome was tissue gene expression. RESULTS Participants included 185 women with breast cancer (110 Black [59.5%], 75 White [40.5%]). Mean (SD) age at surgery was 56.0 (14.1) years. Neighborhood deprivation was higher for Black women than for White women (Mean [SD] NDI, 2.96 [3.03] for Black women and −0.54 [1.91] for White women; difference, −3.50; 95% CI, −4.22 to −2.79; P < .001). In unstratified analysis, 8 hypomethylated CpG sites were identified as associated with the NDI, including sites in 2 tumor suppressor genes, LRIG1 and WWOX. Moreover, expression of the 2 genes inversely correlated with neighborhood deprivation. In the race-stratified analysis, the negative correlation between the LRIG1 gene body CpG site cg26131019 and the NDI remained significant in Black women. A neighborhood deprivation–associated decrease in gene expression was also observed for LRIG1 and WWOX in tumors from Black women. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, high neighborhood deprivation was associated with differences in tissue DNA methylation and gene expression among Black women. These findings suggest that continued investment in public health interventions and policy changes at the neighborhood level may help to remedy biological alterations that could make minoritized populations more susceptible to chronic diseases
RETURN To an Order of the House for a Return shewing :-- (a.) Statement of all timber leases granted to the Sayward Mill and Timber Company, Limited, of Victoria, and names of parties by whom such leases are now held. (b.) Statement of all sums now owing to the Government by said company in regard to rent of limits, royalties on timber or otherwise. (c.) Statement whether the men employed by said company (whose claim for wages the liquidator was unable to pay out of the funds in his hands, on account of the prior claim of the Government for unpaid dues) have yet been paid their wages. (d.) Particulars of all unpaid claims for wages on account of the Sayward Mill and Timber Company, of which the Government have coguizance.
Creators: name: British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
Publisher: name: Victoria, BC : Government Printer
Year: 2014

Abstract
Inter-valley spiral order in the Mott insulating state of a heterostructure of trilayer graphene-boron nitride
Creators: name: Zhu, Guo-Yi
name: Xiang, Tao
name: Zhang, Guang-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiment has shown that the ABC-stacked trilayer graphene-boron nitride Moire super-lattice at half-filling is a Mott insulator. Based on symmetry analysis and effective band structure calculation, we propose a valley-contrasting chiral tight-binding model with local Coulomb interaction to describe this Moire super-lattice system. By matching the positions of van Hove points in the low-energy effective bands, the valley-contrasting staggered flux per triangle is determined around $π/2$. When the valence band is half-filled, the Fermi surfaces are found to be perfectly nested between the two valleys. Such an effect can induce an inter-valley spiral order with a gap in the charge excitations, indicating that the Mott insulating behavior observed in the trilayer graphene-boron nitride Moire super-lattice results predominantly from the inter-valley scattering.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, revised version
siRNA Loaded Lipidoid Nanoparticles and the Immune System
Creators: name: Kasiewicz, Lisa N.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Delivery vehicles are necessary for many therapeutics to overcome the various challenges in their path. It is clear, however, that the relationship between delivery vehicles and the immune system is a complex one. One such delivery vehicle is the lipidoid nanoparticle, which has been shown to be potent in several cell types. This thesis details the first time lipidoids have been used for wound delivery, and demonstrates the successful silencing of an inflammatory protein, TNFα, in the context of diabetic ulcers. Knockdown is seen in an in vitro macrophage-fibroblast coculture model, as well as in nondiabetic and diabetic mice wound models. Lipidoids silence roughly half of the TNFα gene expression in the diabetic wound and have been shown to help the wound close faster than untreated controls. Of course, immune activation can decrease therapeutic efficacy or trigger dangerous reactions in the patient. Learning more about what chemical moieties cause an immune response would allow for the design of a particle that could better resist immune clearance and avoid the creation of a secondary response. This thesis investigated the effect of a lipidoid library on the immune system using a two pronged approach. The lipidoids were first tested against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and then were injected into mice to probe the in situ immune response. Several types of B cells were examined in this latter case, namely germinal center B cells, plasma cells, and memory B cells. A T cell dependent response occurred, favoring memory B cells for most of the lipidoids tested. There was an increase in free antibody in the blood that reflected this increase in antibody producing cells. Nitrogen rings and carbon tail lengths of eleven and twelve carbons were particularly reactive, though it appears that the amine head group determines immune response more than the tail. Further work will analyze whether these increases in immune cells reflect a loss of therapeutic efficacy, as current ramifications are unclear. An in-depth T cell subset analysis with flow cytometry would also help complete the picture.
Insulating and Conducting Phases of RbC60
Creators: name: Martin, Michael C.
name: Koller, Daniel
name: Du, Xiaoqun
name: Stephens, Peter W.
name: Mihaly, Laszlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical measurements were performed on thin films of Rb$_{x}$C$_{60}$, identified by X-ray diffraction as mostly $x=1$ material. The samples were subjected to various heat treatments, including quenching and slow cooling from 400K. The dramatic increase in the transmission of the quenched samples, and the relaxation towards the transmission observed in slow cooled samples provides direct evidence for the existence of a metastable insulating phase. Slow cooling results in a phase transition between two electrically conducting phases.
description: Minor revisions. Submitted to PRB, RevTeX 3.0 file, 2 postscript figures included, ir_dope
The MASSIVE Survey - X. Misalignment between Kinematic and Photometric Axes and Intrinsic Shapes of Massive Early-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Ene, Irina
name: Ma, Chung-Pei
name: Veale, Melanie
name: Greene, Jenny E.
name: Thomas, Jens
name: Blakeslee, John P.
name: Foster, Caroline
name: Walsh, Jonelle L.
name: Ito, Jennifer
name: Goulding, Andy D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use spatially resolved two-dimensional stellar velocity maps over a $107"\times 107"$ field of view to investigate the kinematic features of 90 early-type galaxies above stellar mass $10^{11.5}M_\odot$ in the MASSIVE survey. We measure the misalignment angle $Ψ$ between the kinematic and photometric axes and identify local features such as velocity twists and kinematically distinct components. We find 46% of the sample to be well aligned ($Ψ< 15^{\circ}$), 33% misaligned, and 21% without detectable rotation (non-rotators). Only 24% of the sample are fast rotators, the majority of which (91%) are aligned, whereas 57% of the slow rotators are misaligned with a nearly flat distribution of $Ψ$ from $15^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$. 11 galaxies have $Ψ\gtrsim 60^{\circ}$ and thus exhibit minor-axis ("prolate") rotation in which the rotation is preferentially around the photometric major axis. Kinematic misalignments occur more frequently for lower galaxy spin or denser galaxy environments. Using the observed misalignment and ellipticity distributions, we infer the intrinsic shape distribution of our sample and find that MASSIVE slow rotators are consistent with being mildly triaxial, with mean axis ratios of $b/a=0.88$ and $c/a=0.65$. In terms of local kinematic features, 51% of the sample exhibit kinematic twists of larger than $20^{\circ}$, and 2 galaxies have kinematically distinct components. The frequency of misalignment and the broad distribution of $Ψ$ reported here suggest that the most massive early-type galaxies are mildly triaxial, and that formation processes resulting in kinematically misaligned slow rotators such as gas-poor mergers occur frequently in this mass range.
description: Accepted to MNRAS
Singular Value Decomposition Applied to Damage Diagnosis for Ultrasonic Guided Wave Structural Health Monitoring
Creators: name: Liu, Chang
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 90799 Environmental Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: A structural health monitoring (SHM) system takes frequent monitoring records from permanently installed transducers on structures, and uses the information to identify potential structural degradation and to proactively maintain the structures. Guided wave testing is an attractive technique for structural health monitoring of large structures, because guided waves can propagate long distance and are sensitive to subtle and hidden damage. In guided wave SHM systems, ultrasonic records are often affected by environmental and operational variations, which produce undesired changes and cause false results. Moreover, although continuous monitoring produces sufficient information regarding structural integrity, we lack a data processing tool to extract, store, and utilize the damage-sensitive information to leverage the accuracy and robustness of damage detection and localization. In this dissertation, we develop a data-driven framework based on singular value decomposition that processes guided wave monitoring records to separate damage-related information from effects of environmental and operational variations. The method decomposes sequential monitoring records to reveal trends of different variations, and identifies the singular vector associated with damage development. Combined with delay-and-sum localization method, we can robustly localize the damage using the right singular vectors, which resemble the scatter signal and are robust to environmental and operational variations. The SVD framework is then refined, by adaptively updating the singular vectors with each arriving ultrasonic record , to achieve online damage detection and localization. The SVD damage diagnosis methodology is applied experimentally to detect and localize damage in plate and pipe structures, both in laboratory tests and in field tests.
Failure of mean-field approach in out-of-equilibrium Anderson model
Creators: name: Horváth, Bertalan
name: Lazarovits, Bence
name: Sauret, Olivier
name: Zaránd, Gergely
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To explore the limitations of the mean field approximation, frequently used in \textit{ab initio} molecular electronics calculations, we study an out-of-equilibrium Anderson impurity model in a scattering formalism. We find regions in the parameter space where both magnetic and non-magnetic solutions are stable. We also observe a hysteresis in the non-equilibrium magnetization and current as a function of the applied bias voltage. The mean field method also predicts incorrectly local moment formation for large biases and a spin polarized current, and unphysical kinks appear in various physical quantities. The mean field approximation thus fails in every region where it predicts local moment formation.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Trends in adolescent drinking across 39 high-income countries: exploring the timing and magnitude of decline
Creators: name: Vashishtha, Rakhi
name: Pennay, Amy
name: Dietze, Paul
name: Marzan, Melvin Barrientos
name: Room, Robin
name: Livingston, Michael
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health
classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems
classificationCode: 4202
subject: Epidemiology

description: Background: Evidence suggests adolescent alcohol consumption has declined since the turn of the millennium in almost all high-income countries. However, differences in the timing and magnitude of the decline have not been explored across countries. Methods: We examined trends in adolescent past month or monthly alcohol consumption prevalence from cross-national or national survey reports for 39 countries and four US territories. For each country, we calculated the magnitude of the decline in youth drinking as the relative change in prevalence from the peak year to the most recent year available. Heat maps were utilized to present the timing and magnitudes of these declines. Results: The timing and extent of youth drinking declines have varied markedly across countries. The decline began in the USA before 1999, followed by Northern European countries in the early 2000s; Western Europe and Australasia in the mid-2000s. The steepest declines were found for Northern Europe and the UK, and the shallowest declines were observed in Eastern and Southern European countries. Conclusions: Previous analyses of the decline in adolescent drinking have emphasized the wide reach of the changes and their near-coincidence in time. Our analysis points to the other side of the picture that there were limits to the wide reach, and that there was considerable variation in timing. These findings suggest that as well as broader explanations that stretch across countries, efforts to explain recent trends in adolescent drinking should also consider factors specific to countries and regions.
Anisotropic Mimetic Cosmology
Creators: name: Abbassi, M. H.
name: Jozani, A.
name: Sepangi, H. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a mimetic set up in which the mimetic scalar is coupled to a vector field. It is shown that such a field with a time-like component does not contribute to the background equations and yet produces healthy isocurvature perturbations with respect to ghost and gradient instabilities in spite of the absence of any propagating curvature perturbations at the level of the quadratic action. We then consider a vector field with space-like components which leads to an anisotropic Bianchi universe and show that the ghost and gradient instabilities are absent in the limit of high momenta and that the propagating curvature perturbations have healthy UV behavior.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, to appear in PRD
Learning to Reduce False Positives in Analytic Bug Detectors
Creators: name: Kharkar, Anant
name: Moghaddam, Roshanak Zilouchian
name: Jin, Matthew
name: Liu, Xiaoyu
name: Shi, Xin
name: Clement, Colin
name: Sundaresan, Neel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to increasingly complex software design and rapid iterative development, code defects and security vulnerabilities are prevalent in modern software. In response, programmers rely on static analysis tools to regularly scan their codebases and find potential bugs. In order to maximize coverage, however, these tools generally tend to report a significant number of false positives, requiring developers to manually verify each warning. To address this problem, we propose a Transformer-based learning approach to identify false positive bug warnings. We demonstrate that our models can improve the precision of static analysis by 17.5%. In addition, we validated the generalizability of this approach across two major bug types: null dereference and resource leak.
description: Accepted for publication at ICSE 2022
Single-Molecule Study of RNA Hairpin and Pseudoknot Folding
Creators: name: Huizhong  Xu
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the folding mechanism of RNAs is critical for studying their structure-function relationship. The folding energy landscape of RNA is often rugged, involving multiple folding routes and intermediates. Optical tweezers is a powerful tool to study the folding of RNA, as it enables direct investigation of single RNA molecules and their folding pathways. In this dissertation, I used optical tweezers to investigate the folding of two RNA structural motifs, a hairpin and a pseudoknot. RNA hairpin, the A-form double helix capped with a terminal loop, is a basic RNA secondary structure. I examined a model RNA hairpin, P5ab, derived from the group I intron ribozyme. P5ab was only considered as a two-state folder in previous single-molecule experiments. Here, I have identified multiple intermediate states during the folding of P5ab. These intermediate states are located near the bulge, internal loop, and terminal loop-closing regions. The folding free energy of P5ab was computed from both equilibrium unfolding/folding kinetics and non-equilibrium work done using fluctuation theorems. The features of the energy barrier were explored by model-dependent fit of the unfolding force and kinetics, as well as by equilibrium sampling of the hopping transitions near the equilibrium force. Pseudoknot is an RNA tertiary structure that contains base pairing between the hairpin loop and an unpaired region in the RNA. Here, I examined the class I preQ1 riboswitch aptamer, which folds into a pseudoknot upon binding to the ligand preQ1. Using mechanical unfolding and mutational studies, I elucidated the folding pathways of the aptamer. In the absence of ligand, only a hairpin state is observed, while in the presence of preQ1, the pseudoknot is formed through the hairpin intermediate, and shows a ligand concentration-dependent folding kinetics. This study also serves as the basis for future investigation of the riboswitch control mechanism involving both the aptamer and the expression platform.
title: Molecular mechanisms preventing senescence in response to prolonged darkness in a desiccation-tolerant plant
Creators: name: Durgud, Meriem
name: Gupta, Saurabh
name: Ivanov, Ivan
name: Omidbakhshfard, Mohammad Amin
name: Benina, Maria
name: Alseekh, Saleh
name: Staykov, Nikola
name: Hauenstein, Mareike
name: Dijkwel, Paul P.
name: Hortensteiner, Stefan
name: Toneva, Valentina
name: Brotman, Yariv
name: Fernie, Alisdair R.
name: Müller-Röber, Bernd
name: Gechev, Tsanko S.
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The desiccation-tolerant plant Haberlea rhodopensis can withstand months of darkness without any visible senescence. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of this adaptation to prolonged (30 d) darkness and subsequent return to light. H. rhodopensis plants remained green and viable throughout the dark treatment. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that darkness regulated several transcription factor (TF) genes. Stress-and autophagy-related TFs such as ERF8, HSFA2b, RD26, TGA1, and WRKY33 were up-regulated, while chloroplast-and flowering-related TFs such as ATH1, COL2, COL4, RL1, and PTAC7 were repressed. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4, a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis and promoter of senescence, also was down-regulated. In response to darkness, most of the photosynthesis-and photorespiratory-related genes were strongly down-regulated, while genes related to autophagy were up-regulated. This occurred concomitant with the induction of SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASES (SnRK1) signaling pathway genes, which regulate responses to stress-induced starvation and autophagy. Most of the genes associated with chlorophyll catabolism, which are induced by darkness in dark-senescing species, were either unregulated (PHEOPHORBIDE A OXYGENASE, PAO; RED CHLOROPHYLL CATABOLITE REDUCTASE, RCCR) or repressed (STAY GREEN-LIKE, PHEOPHYTINASE, and NON-YELLOW COLORING1). Metabolite profiling revealed increases in the levels of many amino acids in darkness, suggesting increased protein degradation. In darkness, levels of the chloroplastic lipids digalactosyldiacylglycerol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol decreased, while those of storage triacylglycerols increased, suggesting degradation of chloroplast membrane lipids and their conversion to triacylglycerols for use as energy and carbon sources. Collectively, these data show a coordinated response to darkness, including repression of photosynthetic, photorespiratory, flowering, and chlorophyll catabolic genes, induction of autophagy and SnRK1 pathways, and metabolic reconfigurations that enable survival under prolonged darkness.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 778
Orbital angular momentum transfer to stably trapped elastic particles in acoustical vortex beams
Creators: name: Baresch, Diego
name: Marchiano, Régis
name: Thomas, Jean-Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The controlled rotation of solid particles trapped in a liquid by an ultrasonic vortex beam is observed. Single polystyrene beads, or clusters, can be trapped against gravity while simultaneously rotated. The induced rotation of a single particle is compared to a torque balance model accounting for the acoustic response of the particle. The measured torque ($\sim 10$~pNm for a driving acoustic power $\sim 40$~W/cm$^2$) suggests two dominating dissipation mechanisms of the acoustic orbital angular momentum responsible for the observed rotation. The first takes place in the bulk of the absorbing particle, whilst the second arises as dissipation in the viscous boundary layer in the surrounding fluid. Importantly, the dissipation processes affect both the dipolar and quadrupolar particle vibration modes suggesting that the restriction to the well-known Rayleigh scattering regime is invalid to model the total torque even for spheres much smaller than the sound wavelength. The findings show that a precise knowledge of the probe elastic absorption properties is crucial to perform rheological measurements with manoeuvrable trapped spheres in viscous liquids. Further results suggest that the external rotational steady flow must be included in the balance and can play an important role in other liquids.
Boundedness and $K^2$ for log surfaces
Creators: name: Alexeev, Valery
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $ε, C$ be two positive real numbers, and $\mathcal C \subset \mathbb R$ be a DCC (descending chain condition) set. Let $(X, B = \sum b_j B_j)$ denote a projective surface with an $\mathbb R$-divisor. Then (1) The class $\{X\}$ of surfaces for which there exists a divisor $B$ such that $(X,B)$ is $ε$-log terminal and $-(K_X + B)$ is nef (excluding only those for which at the same time $K_X\equiv 0$, $B=0$, and $X$ has at worst Du Val singularities), is bounded. (2) The set $\{(K_X + B)^2\}$ of squares for the semi log canonical pairs $(X, B)$ with ample $K_X + B$ and $b_j \in \mathcal C$, is a DCC set. (3) The class $\{(X,B)\}$ of pairs such that $(X, B)$ is semi log canonical, $K_X + B$ is ample, $(K_X + B)^2 = C$ and $b_j \in \mathcal C$, is bounded.
description: This version: a TeX fix only. The old TeX version did not work with pdflatex, producing strange characters
Higher derivative quantum gravity with torsion in the conformally Self-Dual Limit
Creators: name: Elizalde, E.
name: Odintsov, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The path integral for higher-derivative quantum gravity with torsion is considered. Applying the methods of two-dimensional quantum gravity, this path integral is analyzed in the limit of conformally self-dual metrics. A scaling law for fixed-volume geometry is obtained.
description: 10 pages