cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reconciling the Results of the z~2 MOSDEF and KBSS-MOSFIRE Surveys
Creators: name: Runco, Jordan N.
name: Reddy, Naveen A.
name: Shapley, Alice E.
name: Steidel, Charles C.
name: Sanders, Ryan L.
name: Strom, Allison L.
name: Coil, Alison L.
name: Kriek, Mariska
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Pettini, Max
name: Rudie, Gwen C.
name: Siana, Brian
name: Topping, Michael W.
name: Trainor, Ryan F.
name: Freeman, William R.
name: Shivaei, Irene
name: Azadi, Mojegan
name: Price, Sedona H.
name: Leung, Gene C. K.
name: Fetherolf, Tara
name: de Groot, Laura
name: Zick, Tom
name: Fornasini, Francesca M.
name: Barro, Guillermo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The combination of the MOSDEF and KBSS-MOSFIRE surveys represents the largest joint investment of Keck/MOSFIRE time to date, with ~3000 galaxies at 1.4<=z<=3.8, roughly half of which are at z~2. MOSDEF is photometric- and spectroscopic-redshift selected with a rest-optical magnitude limit, while KBSS-MOSFIRE is primarily selected based on rest-UV colors and a rest-UV magnitude limit. Analyzing both surveys in a uniform manner with consistent spectral-energy-distribution (SED) models, we find that the MOSDEF z~2 targeted sample has a higher median M_* and redder rest U-V color than the KBSS-MOSFIRE z~2 targeted sample, and a smaller median SED-based SFR and sSFR (SFR(SED) and sSFR(SED)). Specifically, MOSDEF targeted a larger population of red galaxies with U-V and V-J >=1.25, while KBSS-MOSFIRE contains more young galaxies with intense star formation. Despite these differences in the z~2 targeted samples, the subsets of the surveys with multiple emission lines detected and analyzed in previously published work are much more similar. All median host-galaxy properties with the exception of stellar population age -- i.e., M_*, SFR(SED), sSFR(SED), A_V, and UVJ colors -- agree within the uncertainties. Additionally, when uniform emission-line fitting and stellar Balmer absorption correction techniques are applied, there is no significant offset between the two samples in the [OIII]$λ$5008/H$β$ vs. [NII]$λ$6585/H$α$ diagnostic diagram, in contrast to previously-reported discrepancies. We can now combine the MOSDEF and KBSS-MOSFIRE surveys to form the largest z~2 sample with moderate-resolution rest-optical spectra and construct the fundamental scaling relations of star-forming galaxies during this important epoch.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures, published in MNRAS
Different perceptions of adaptation to climate change: A mental model approach applied to the evidence from expert interviews
Creators: name: Otto-Banaszak, I.
name: Matczak, P.
name: Wesseler, J.
name: Wechsung, F.
Publisher: name: Heidelberg : Springer Verlag
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Adaptation to climate change
subject: Mental models
subject: Uncertainties
subject: 360

description: We argue that differences in the perception and governance of adaptation to climate change and extreme weather events are related to sets of beliefs and concepts through which people understand the environment and which are used to solve the problems they face (mental models). Using data gathered in 31 in-depth interviews with adaptation experts in Europe, we identify five basic stakeholder groups whose divergent aims and logic can be related to different mental models they use: advocacy groups, administration, politicians, researchers, and media and the public. Each of these groups uses specific interpretations of climate change and specifies how to deal with climate change impacts. We suggest that a deeper understanding and follow-up of the identified mental models might be useful for the design of any stakeholder involvement in future climate impact research processes. It might also foster consensus building about adequate adaptation measures against climate threats in a society.
Backpropagating Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm for fast Lefschetz thimble calculations
Creators: name: Fujisawa, Genki
name: Nishimura, Jun
name: Sakai, Katsuta
name: Yosprakob, Atis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Picard-Lefschetz theory has been attracting much attention as a tool to evaluate a multi-variable integral with a complex weight, which appears in various important problems in theoretical physics. The idea is to deform the integration contour based on Cauchy's theorem using the so-called gradient flow equation. In this paper, we propose a fast Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm for evaluating the integral, where we "backpropagate" the force of the fictitious Hamilton dynamics on the deformed contour to that on the original contour, thereby reducing the required computational cost by a factor of the system size. Our algorithm can be readily extended to the case in which one integrates over the flow time in order to solve not only the sign problem but also the ergodicity problem that occurs when there are more than one thimbles contributing to the integral. This enables, in particular, efficient identification of all the dominant saddle points and the associated thimbles. We test our algorithm by calculating the real-time evolution of the wave function using the path integral formalism.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures (v2) references added, figures updated (v3) analogy to backpropagation clarified; final version to appear in JHEP
Achievable Rate Maximization for Underlay Spectrum Sharing MIMO System with Intelligent Reflecting Surface
Creators: name: Kumar, Vaibhav
name: Flanagan, Mark
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Tran, Le-Nam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this letter, the achievable rate maximization problem is considered for intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in an underlay spectrum sharing scenario, subject to interference power constraints at the primary users. The formulated non-convex optimization problem is challenging to solve due to its non-convexity as well as coupling design variables in the constraints. Different from existing works that are mostly based on alternating optimization (AO), we propose a penalty dual decomposition based gradient projection (PDDGP) algorithm to solve this problem. We also provide a convergence proof and a complexity analysis for the proposed algorithm. We benchmark the proposed algorithm against two known solutions, namely a minimum mean-square error based AO algorithm and an inner approximation method with block coordinate descent. Specifically, the complexity of the proposed algorithm grows linearly with respect to the number of reflecting elements at the IRS, while that of the two benchmark methods grows with the third power of the number of IRS elements. Moreover, numerical results show that the proposed PDDGP algorithm yields considerably higher achievable rate than the benchmark solutions.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2022
Accurate determination of the scattering length of erbium atoms
Creators: name: Patscheider, A.
name: Chomaz, L.
name: Natale, G.
name: Petter, D.
name: Mark, M. J.
name: Baier, S.
name: Yang, B.
name: Wang, R. R. W.
name: Bohn, J. L.
name: Ferlaino, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An accurate knowledge of the scattering length is fundamental in ultracold quantum gas experiments and essential for the characterisation of the system as well as for a meaningful comparison to theoretical models. Here, we perform a careful characterisation of the s-wave scattering length $a_s$ for the four highest-abundance isotopes of erbium, in the magnetic field range from 0G to 5G. We report on cross-dimensional thermalization measurements and apply the Enskog equations of change to numerically simulate the thermalization process and to analytically extract an expression for the so-called number of collisions per re-thermalization (NCPR) to obtain $a_s$ from our experimental data. We benchmark the applied cross-dimensional thermalization technique with the experimentally more demanding lattice modulation spectroscopy and find good agreement for our parameter regime. Our experiments are compatible with a dependence of the NCPR with $a_s$, as theoretically expected in the case of strongly dipolar gases. Surprisingly, we experimentally observe a dependency of the NCPR on the density, which might arise due to deviations from an ideal harmonic trapping configuration. Finally, we apply a model for the dependency of the background scattering length with the isotope mass, allowing to estimate the number of bound states of erbium.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
How to realise a homogeneous dipolar Bose gas in the roton regime
Creators: name: Juhász, Péter
name: Krstajić, Milan
name: Strachan, David
name: Gandar, Edward
name: Smith, Robert P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Homogeneous quantum gases open up new possibilities for studying many-body phenomena and have now been realised for a variety of systems. For gases with short-range interactions the way to make the cloud homogeneous is, predictably, to trap it in an ideal (homogeneous) box potential. We show that creating a close to homogeneous dipolar gas in the roton regime, when long-range interactions are important, actually requires trapping particles in soft-walled (inhomogeneous) box-like potentials. In particular, we numerically explore a dipolar gas confined in a pancake trap which is harmonic along the polarisation axis and a cylindrically symmetric power-law potential $r^p$ radially. We find that intermediate $p$'s maximise the proportion of the sample that can be brought close to the critical density required to reach the roton regime, whereas higher $p$'s trigger density oscillations near the wall even when the bulk of the system is not in the roton regime. We characterise how the optimum density distribution depends on the shape of the trapping potential and find it is controlled by the trap wall steepness.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Assessing the economic profitability of fodder legume production for Green Biorefineries – A cost-benefit analysis to evaluate farmers profitability
Creators: name: Papendiek, Franka
name: Tartiu, Valentina E.
name: Morone, Piergiuseppe
name: Venus, Joachim
name: Hönig, Anne
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Alfalfa
subject: Cost-benefit analysis
subject: Farmers income
subject: Green Biorefinery
subject: Industrial biomass use
subject: Sustainability
subject: 690
subject: 330

description: Fodder legumes play a major role in developing sustainable agricultural production systems and contain a range of compounds, which can be utilized to produce a wide spectrum of materials currently manufactured from petroleum-based sources. Hence, if associated with Green Biorefinery technology, the use of fodder legumes brings about significant advantages in terms of overall environmental sustainability. Since fodder legume production in Europe is currently very low, the objective of this study is to assess if a new value chain generated by Green Biorefineries can make fodder legume production profitable for farmers, and therewith increase cultivation numbers. We conducted a financial cost-benefit analysis of producing biomass from agricultural land in the federal state of Brandenburg (Germany) in three different production scenarios at two farm size levels. Costs, benefits, expected profits and risks between the scenarios were quantified. Fodder legume production for traditional fodder production was already able to increase the internal rate of return, while the production of feedstocks for Green Biorefineries, depending on prices paid for the legume juice showed an even higher profit potential. Therefore, in future agricultural production systems, fodder legumes should be part of crop rotations again.
Aligning random graphs with a sub-tree similarity message-passing algorithm
Creators: name: Piccioli, Giovanni
name: Semerjian, Guilhem
name: Sicuro, Gabriele
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The problem of aligning Erdös-Rényi random graphs is a noisy, average-case version of the graph isomorphism problem, in which a pair of correlated random graphs is observed through a random permutation of their vertices. We study a polynomial time message-passing algorithm devised to solve the inference problem of partially recovering the hidden permutation, in the sparse regime with constant average degrees. We perform extensive numerical simulations to determine the range of parameters in which this algorithm achieves partial recovery. We also introduce a generalized ensemble of correlated random graphs with prescribed degree distributions, and extend the algorithm to this case.
description: 36 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment. Corrected typos. Modified Figure 1 for clarity. Added references' titles in bibliography. Added definition of "quasi-aligned". Added clarifications about the significance of Nishimori experiments
Washington Post Poll: District of Columbia, February 2000
Creators: name: Washington Post
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Quality of life in Washington D.C. (2); direction of the District (1); the District vs. suburbs (1); neighborhood has improved/gotten worse in recent years (1); Mayor Anthony Williams job approval (12); Williams understands the concerns of people (1); D.C. Council job approval (1); race relations in D.C. (3); seat of power in D.C. government (2); favorability of D.C. political figures (5); most pressing problem in D.C. today (1); Williams’ outreach meetings (2); rate District services and departments (8); appointment/election of D.C. school board (1); effect of redevelopment efforts (8); safe from crime (1); University of the District of Columbia (1); cuts in District spending (2); statehood (1).
Error-disturbance uncertainty relations in Faraday measurements
Creators: name: Ho, Le Bin
name: Edamatsu, Keiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine error-disturbance relations in the quantum measurement of spin systems using an atom-light interface scheme. We model a single spin-1/2 system that interacts with a polarized light meter via a Faraday interaction. We formulate the error and disturbance of the model and examine the uncertainty relations. We found that for the coherent light meter in pure polarization, both the error and disturbance behave the cyclic oscillations due to the Faraday rotation in both the light and spin polarizations. We also examine a class of polarization squeezed light meter, where we apply the phase-space approximation and characterize the role of squeezing. We derive error-disturbance relations for these cases and find that the Heisenberg-Arthurs-Kelly uncertainty is violated while the tight Branciard-Ozawa uncertainty always holds. We note that, in the limit of weak interaction strength, the error and disturbance become to obey the unbiasedness condition and hence the Heisenberg-Arthurs-Kelly relation holds. The work would contribute to our understanding of quantum measurement of spin systems under the atom-light interface framework, and may hold potential applications in quantum metrology, quantum state estimation and control.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Universal scaling at a pre-thermal dark state
Creators: name: Syed, Marvin
name: Enss, Tilman
name: Defenu, Nicolò
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental and theoretical progress as well as the prospect of commercially viable quantum technologies have inspired great interest in the study of open quantum systems and their dynamics. Many open quantum systems are well described by an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian generating a time evolution that allows eigenstates to decay and dissipate to the environment. In this framework, quantum coherent scaling is traditionally tied to the appearance of dark states, where the effect of dissipation becomes negligible. Here, we discuss the universal dynamical scaling after a sudden quench of the non-Hermitian $O(N)$ model Hamiltonian. While universality is generally spoiled by non-Hermiticity, we find that for a given set of internal parameters short-time scaling behaviour is restored with an initial slip exponent profoundly different from that of closed quantum systems. This result is tied to the compensation of dissipation by interaction effects at short times leading to a prethermal dark state, where coherent many-body dynamics can be still observed.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Symmetries and Selection Rules of the Spectra of Photoelectrons and High-Order Harmonics Generated by Field-Driven Atoms and Molecules
Creators: name: Habibović, Dino
name: Becker, Wilhelm
name: Milošević, Dejan B.
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Above-threshold ionization
subject: Atoms
subject: Dynamical symmetry
subject: High-order harmonic generation
subject: Molecules
subject: Reflection symmetry
subject: Rotational symmetry
subject: Strong-field physics
subject: 610
subject: 570

description: Using the strong-field approximation we systematically investigate the selection rules for high-order harmonic generation and the symmetry properties of the angle-resolved photoelectron spectra for various atomic and molecular targets exposed to one-component and two-component laser fields. These include bicircular fields and orthogonally polarized two-color fields. The selection rules are derived directly from the dynamical symmetries of the driving field. Alternatively, we demonstrate that they can be obtained using the conservation of the projection of the total angular momentum on the quantization axis. We discuss how the harmonic spectra of atomic targets depend on the type of the ground state or, for molecular targets, on the pertinent molecular orbital. In addition, we briefly discuss some properties of the high-order harmonic spectra generated by a few-cycle laser field. The symmetry properties of the angle-resolved photoelectron momentum distribution are also determined by the dynamical symmetry of the driving field. We consider the first two terms in a Born series expansion of the T matrix, which describe the direct and the rescattered electrons. Dynamical symmetries involving time translation generate rotational symmetries obeyed by both terms. However, those that involve time reversal generate reflection symmetries that are only observed by the direct electrons. Finally, we explain how the symmetry properties, imposed by the dynamical symmetry of the driving field, are altered for molecular targets.
Quantum integration of elementary particle processes
Creators: name: Agliardi, Gabriele
name: Grossi, Michele
name: Pellen, Mathieu
name: Prati, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply quantum integration to elementary particle-physics processes. In particular, we look at scattering processes such as ${\rm e}^+{\rm e}^- \to q \bar q$ and ${\rm e}^+{\rm e}^- \to q \bar q' {\rm W}$. The corresponding probability distributions can be first appropriately loaded on a quantum computer using either quantum Generative Adversarial Networks or an exact method. The distributions are then integrated sing the method of Quantum Amplitude Estimation which shows a quadratic speed-up with respect to classical techniques. In simulations of noiseless quantum computers, we obtain per-cent accurate results for one- and two-dimensional integration with up to six qubits. This work paves the way towards taking advantage of quantum algorithms for the integration of high-energy processes.
description: 19 pages, 6 pdf figures. Matches published version
FogAdapt: Self-Supervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation of Foggy Images
Creators: name: Iqbal, Javed
name: Hafiz, Rehan
name: Ali, Mohsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2; I.5
subject: 68T07, 68T45

description: This paper presents FogAdapt, a novel approach for domain adaptation of semantic segmentation for dense foggy scenes. Although significant research has been directed to reduce the domain shift in semantic segmentation, adaptation to scenes with adverse weather conditions remains an open question. Large variations in the visibility of the scene due to weather conditions, such as fog, smog, and haze, exacerbate the domain shift, thus making unsupervised adaptation in such scenarios challenging. We propose a self-entropy and multi-scale information augmented self-supervised domain adaptation method (FogAdapt) to minimize the domain shift in foggy scenes segmentation. Supported by the empirical evidence that an increase in fog density results in high self-entropy for segmentation probabilities, we introduce a self-entropy based loss function to guide the adaptation method. Furthermore, inferences obtained at different image scales are combined and weighted by the uncertainty to generate scale-invariant pseudo-labels for the target domain. These scale-invariant pseudo-labels are robust to visibility and scale variations. We evaluate the proposed model on real clear-weather scenes to real foggy scenes adaptation and synthetic non-foggy images to real foggy scenes adaptation scenarios. Our experiments demonstrate that FogAdapt significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art in semantic segmentation of foggy images. Specifically, by considering the standard settings compared to state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods, FogAdapt gains 3.8% on Foggy Zurich, 6.0% on Foggy Driving-dense, and 3.6% on Foggy Driving in mIoU when adapted from Cityscapes to Foggy Zurich.
description: Accepted at Elsevier Journal of Neurocomputing
The Bui hydropower project: meeting Ghana’s energy needs with China’s help
Creators: name: Yahaya, Moses Kofi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: The world has been transfixed by China’s spectacular rise from an agrarian backwater nation to a global economic, military and financial powerhouse. With its newfound financial heft, China has thrown its weight around the world, provoking angst and controversy. And nowhere has China’s presence and engagement been more scrutinized, analyzed and criticized than in Africa where it is rebuilding infrastructure and providing other types of assistance to agriculture, water, health, education, and other sectors. There are two competing narratives about China in Africa. One narrative frequently focuses on pessimistic assertions about the exploitative aspects of the engagement and depicts China as a marauding invader plundering Africa’s resources and destroying the continent’s pristine environment. The counter narrative rejects the notion that China’s foray into Africa is neither neocolonialist in nature nor is it spurred purely by its insatiable desire to exploit Africa’s boundless natural resources. This view stresses that China’s development model is inspirational and worthy of emulation by African countries plagued by poverty and weak economies. It contends that China uses an approach that is based on fair trade solidarity and is challenging the so-called Washington Consensus through the establishment of an economic footprint in Africa. The dissertation explores the ever-intensifying relations between Ghana and China as a window into assessing China-Africa relations. The dissertation uses the Bui Hydropower dam construction in Ghana funded by China and built by a Chinese state-owned firm as case study. I used a variety of methods to collect data for this project and relied on policy documents, speeches and media reports on Africa-China and Ghana-China relations to source data. role in bringing the Bui Dam into reality was pivotal; the dam was constructed to bring electricity to sections of the country that lie outside the reach of the national electrical grid. And like Ghana, African countries prefer to have China finance their infrastructural projects rather than their traditional partners who insist on conditionalities that China ignores. China should not be seen as the dominant partner in its relations with Africa. China’s relations with Africa are a partnership characterized by dynamic interactions and influence.
Predictive Modeling of Antibiotic Susceptibility in E. Coli Strains Using the U-Net Network and One-Class Classification
Creators: name: Ali, Nairveen
name: Kirchhoff, Johanna
name: Onoja, Patrick Igoche
name: Tannert, Astrid
name: Neugebauer, Ute
name: Popp, Jürgen
name: Bocklitz, Thomas
Publisher: name: New York, NY : IEEE
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: E. coli strains
subject: Antibiotic resistance
subject: One-class SVM
subject: U-Net convolutional neural network
subject: 004
subject: 621.3

description: The antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens has become one of the most serious global health issues due to misusing and overusing of antibiotics. Recently, different technologies were developed to determine bacteria susceptibility towards antibiotics; however, each of these technologies has its advantages and limitations in clinical applications. In this contribution, we aim to assess and automate the detection of bacterial susceptibilities towards three antibiotics; i.e. ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and piperacillin using a combination of image processing and machine learning algorithms. Therein, microscopic images were collected from different E. coli strains, then the convolutional neural network U-Net was implemented to segment the areas showing bacteria. Subsequently, the encoder part of the trained U-Net was utilized as a feature extractor, and the U-Net bottleneck features were utilized to predict the antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli strains using a one-class support vector machine (OCSVM). This one-class model was always trained on images of untreated controls of each bacterial strain while the image labels of treated bacteria were predicted as control or non-control images. If an image of treated bacteria is predicted as control, we assume that these bacteria resist this antibiotic. In contrast, the sensitive bacteria show different morphology of the control bacteria; therefore, images collected from these treated bacteria are expected to be classified as non-control. Our results showed 83% area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve when OCSVM models were built using the U-Net bottleneck features of control bacteria images only. Additionally, the mean sensitivities of these one-class models are 91.67% and 86.61% for cefotaxime and piperacillin; respectively. The mean sensitivity for the prediction of ciprofloxacin is only 59.72% as the bacteria morphology was not fully detected by the proposed method.
RecoMed: A Knowledge-Aware Recommender System for Hypertension Medications
Creators: name: Sajde, Maryam
name: Malek, Hamed
name: Mohsenzadeh, Mehran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background and Objective High medicine diversity has always been a significant challenge for prescription, causing confusion or doubt in physicians' decision-making process. This paper aims to develop a medicine recommender system called RecoMed to aid the physician in the prescription process of hypertension by providing information about what medications have been prescribed by other doctors and figuring out what other medicines can be recommended in addition to the one in question. Methods There are two steps to the developed method: First, association rule mining algorithms are employed to find medicine association rules. The second step entails graph mining and clustering to present an enriched recommendation via ATC code, which itself comprises several steps. First, the initial graph is constructed from historical prescription data. Then, data pruning is performed in the second step, after which the medicines with a high repetition rate are removed at the discretion of a general medical practitioner. Next, the medicines are matched to a well-known medicine classification system called the ATC code to provide an enriched recommendation. And finally, the DBSCAN and Louvain algorithms cluster medicines in the final step. Results A list of recommended medicines is provided as the system's output, and physicians can choose one or more of the medicines based on the patient's clinical symptoms. Only the medicines of class 2, related to high blood pressure medications, are used to assess the system's performance. The results obtained from this system have been reviewed and confirmed by an expert in this field.
Water use indicators at farm scale: Methodology and case study
Creators: name: Prochnow, A.
name: Drastig, K.
name: Klauss, H.
name: Berg, W.
Publisher: name: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Farm scale
subject: Water productivity
subject: Water use
subject: 333

description: Indicators for water use at farm scale can assist farmers in understanding the water flows on their farms and in optimizing water use by adapting agronomic measures and farm management. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology to estimate water flows at the farm scale, to derive indicators for farm water use, and to apply them in a first case study. After the spatial and temporal boundaries of the farm system and the water flows are defined, three indicators to assess water use at the farm scale are developed: farm water productivity, degree of water utilization, and specific inflow of technical water. Farm water productivity describes the ratio of farm output to water input, where the water input is the total of those water inflows into the farm system that can be assigned to the generation of farm output. Farm output is expressed on a mass basis, food energy basis, and monetary basis. The degree of water utilization characterizes the relationship between productive water to the total water inflow into the farm system, where productive water comprises those water flows that directly contribute to biomass generation via plant and animal metabolism. The specific technical water inflow quantifies the water inflow into the system by technical means relative to the farm area. The application of the methodology in a first case study for a mixed crop-livestock farm with 2869 ha in Germany results in a farm water productivity of 2.30 kg fresh mass per mWinput-3, 1.03 kg dry mass per m Winput-3, 5.96 GJ m Winput-3, and 0.25 € mWinput-3. The degree of water utilization is 0.56. The specific technical water inflow is 36.5 m3 ha-1 year -1. Factors that mainly effect these indicators and general approaches to optimize water use in farms are discussed as well as the further research required for practical implementation.
KnowVolution of the Polymer-Binding Peptide LCI for Improved Polypropylene Binding
Creators: name: Rübsam, Kristin
name: Davari, Mehdi D.
name: Jakob, Felix
name: Schwaneberg, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Anchor peptides
subject: Directed evolution
subject: Immobilization
subject: Polymer-binding peptides
subject: Surface functionalization
subject: 540

description: The functionalization of polymer surfaces by polymer-binding peptides offers tremendous opportunities for directed immobilization of enzymes, bioactive peptides, and antigens. The application of polymer-binding peptides as adhesion promoters requires reliable and stable binding under process conditions. Molecular modes of interactions between material surfaces, peptides, and solvent are often not understood to an extent that enables (semi-) rational design of polymer-binding peptides, hindering the full exploitation of their potential. Knowledge-gaining directed evolution (KnowVolution) is an efficient protein engineering strategy that facilitates tailoring protein properties to application demands through a combination of directed evolution and computational guided protein design. A single round of KnowVolution was performed to gain molecular insights into liquid chromatography peak I peptide, 47 aa (LCI)-binding to polypropylene (PP) in the presence of the competing surfactant Triton X-100. KnowVolution yielded a total of 8 key positions (D19, S27, Y29, D31, G35, I40, E42, and D45), which govern PP-binding in the presence of Triton X-100. The recombination of two of the identified amino acid substitutions (Y29R and G35R; variant KR-2) yielded a 5.4 ± 0.5-fold stronger PP-binding peptide compared to LCI WT in the presence of Triton X-100 (1 mM). The LCI variant KR-2 shows a maximum binding capacity of 8.8 ± 0.1 pmol/cm2 on PP in the presence of Triton X-100 (up to 1 mM). The KnowVolution approach enables the development of polymer-binding peptides, which efficiently coat and functionalize PP surfaces and withstand surfactant concentrations that are commonly used, such as in household detergents.
Spherical black holes with minimally coupled scalar cloud/hair in Einstein-Born-Infeld gravity
Creators: name: Zhang, Shao-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies showed that, in the presence of a simple and well-motivated self-interaction scalar potential, asymptotically flat and spherical black holes can carry minimally coupled and charged scalar cloud/hair in Einstein-Maxwell gravity. We extend these studies to Einstein-Born-Infeld gravity to consider the effect of nonlinearity of the electromagnetic field. Series of spherical cloudy/hairy black hole solutions are constructed numerically. Results show that increasing the Born-Infeld coupling constant $b$ will make the domain of existence of the solution shrink or even disappear when $b$ is large enough. This implies that, competing with the gravitation, nonlinearity of the electromagnetic field will make the formation of scalar cloud/hair harder or even impossible.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures. Minor modifications to match published version
Blog Getting to Know You, Part 1: ORCID's 2017 Community Survey
Creators: name: Meadows, Alice
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Following on from our first community survey, in 2015, we carried out two further surveys in 2017 - one of our user community, and the second of our consortia lead organizations. Today’s post focuses on what we learned from our community survey; part 2 will look at key findings from the consortia survey.
Tumor suppressors inhibit reprogramming of African spiny mouse
Creators: name: Bates, Lawrence
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell and Developmental Biology
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Acomys
subject: induced pluripotency
subject: Spiny mouse

description: Tumor suppressors inhibit reprogramming of African spiny mouse (Acomys) fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells.
Blog Getting to Know You, Part 2: ORCID's 2017 Consortia Survey
Creators: name: Meadows, Alice
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the first part of this blog post, we shared feedback on ORCID from our 2017 community survey. Today’s post focuses on what we learned from our first survey of ORCID consortia.
Family-wise error rate control in Gaussian graphical model selection via Distributionally Robust Optimization
Creators: name: Tran, Chau
name: Cisneros-Velarde, Pedro
name: Oh, Sang-Yun
name: Petersen, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, a special case of precision matrix estimation based on a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) framework has been shown to be equivalent to the graphical lasso. From this formulation, a method for choosing the regularization term, i.e., for graphical model selection, was proposed. In this work, we establish a theoretical connection between the confidence level of graphical model selection via the DRO formulation and the asymptotic family-wise error rate of estimating false edges. Simulation experiments and real data analyses illustrate the utility of the asymptotic family-wise error rate control behavior even in finite samples.
Frequency-Dependent Constraints on Cosmic Birefringence from the LFI and HFI Planck Data Release 4
Creators: name: Eskilt, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new constraints on the frequency dependence of the cosmic birefringence angle from the Planck data release 4 polarization maps. An axion field coupled to electromagnetism predicts a nearly frequency-independent birefringence angle, $β_ν= β$, while Faraday rotation from local magnetic fields and Lorentz violating theories predict a cosmic birefringence angle that is proportional to the frequency, $ν$, to the power of some integer $n$, $β_ν\propto ν^n$. In this work, we first sample $β_ν$ individually for each polarized HFI frequency band in addition to the 70 GHz channel from the LFI. We also constrain a power-law formula for the birefringence angle, $β_ν=β_0(ν/ν_0)^n$, with $ν_0 = 150$ GHz. For a nearly full-sky measurement, $f_{\text{sky}}=0.93$, we find $β_0 = 0.26^{\circ}\pm0.11^\circ$ $(68\% \text{ C.L.})$ and $n=-0.45^{+0.61}_{-0.82}$ when we ignore the intrinsic $EB$ correlations of the polarized foreground emission, and $β_0 = 0.33^\circ \pm 0.12^\circ$ and $n=-0.37^{+0.49}_{-0.64}$ when we use a filamentary dust model for the foreground $EB$. Next, we use all the polarized Planck maps, including the 30 and 44 GHz frequency bands. These bands have a negligible foreground contribution from polarized dust emission. We, therefore, treat them separately. Without any modeling of the intrinsic $EB$ of the foreground, we generally find that the inclusion of the 30 and 44 GHz frequency bands raises the measured values of $β_ν$ and tightens $n$. At nearly full-sky, we measure $β_0=0.29^{\circ+0.10^\circ}_{\phantom{\circ}-0.11^\circ}$ and $n=-0.35^{+0.48}_{-0.47}$. Assuming no frequency dependence, we measure $β=0.33^\circ \pm 0.10^\circ$. If our measurements have effectively mitigated the $EB$ of the foreground, our constraints are consistent with a mostly frequency-independent signal of cosmic birefringence.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables. (v2) References added. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Early-warning signals for Dansgaard-Oeschger events in a high-resolution ice core record
Creators: name: Boers, N.
Publisher: name: London : Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events
subject: North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP)
subject: climate change
subject: 550

description: The Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events, as observed in oxygen isotope ratios from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) record, are an outstanding example of past abrupt climate transitions. Their physical cause remains debated, and previous research indicated that they are not preceded by classical early-warning signals (EWS). Subsequent research hypothesized that the DO events are caused by bifurcations of physical mechanisms operating at decadal timescales, and proposed to search for EWS in the high-frequency fluctuation levels. Here, a time series with 5-year resolution is obtained from the raw NGRIP record, and significant numbers of EWS in terms of variance and autocorrelation increases are revealed in the decadal-scale variability. Wavelet analysis indicates that the EWS are most pronounced in the 10-50-year periodicity band, confirming the above hypothesis. The DO events are hence neither directly noise-induced nor purely externally forced, which provides valuable constraints regarding potential physical causes.
Raman Stable Isotope Probing of Bacteria in Visible and Deep UV-Ranges
Creators: name: Azemtsop Matanfack, Georgette
name: Pistiki, Aikaterini
name: Rösch, Petra
name: Popp, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: DNA labeling
subject: Bacterial cells
subject: Metabolic activity
subject: Raman microspectroscopy
subject: Raman UV-resonance
subject: 570

description: Raman stable isotope probing (Raman-SIP) is an excellent technique that can be used to access the overall metabolism of microorganisms. Recent studies have mainly used an excitation wavelength in the visible range to characterize isotopically labeled bacteria. In this work, we used UV resonance Raman spectroscopy (UVRR) to evaluate the spectral red-shifts caused by the uptake of isotopes (13C, 15N, 2H(D) and 18O) in E. coli cells. Moreover, we present a new approach based on the extraction of labeled DNA in combination with UVRR to identify metabolically active cells. The proof-of-principle study on E. coli revealed heterogeneities in the Raman features of both the bacterial cells and the extracted DNA after labeling with 13C, 15N, and D. The wavelength of choice for studying 18O- and deuterium-labeled cells is 532 nm is, while 13C-labeled cells can be investigated with visible and deep UV wavelengths. However, 15N-labeled cells are best studied at the excitation wavelength of 244 nm since nucleic acids are in resonance at this wavelength. These results highlight the potential of the presented approach to identify active bacterial cells. This work can serve as a basis for the development of new techniques for the rapid and efficient detection of active bacteria cells without the need for a cultivation step.
Nose Masks and COVID
Creators: name: Isawumi, Abiola
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Pathogenesis
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60503 Microbial Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Information on the side effects of Nose Masks usage
Low-Power Silicon Strain Sensor Based on CMOS Current Reference Topology
Creators: name: Roisin, Nicolas
name: Delhaye, Thibault
name: André, Nicolas
name: Raskin, Jean-Pierre
name: Flandre, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A strain sensor inspired by a Widlar self-biased current source topology called $β$-multiplier is developed to obtain a strain-dependent reference current with high supply rejection. The sensor relies on the piezoresistive effect in the silicon MOS transistors that form the current reference circuit. The device behavior is analytically computed and verified with experimental measurements under four-point bending test. A basic implementation with an integrated resistor reaches a strain sensitivity of 2.54 nA/$με$ (gauge factor of 324) for a temperature sensitivity of 52.06 nA/°C. A more advanced full-transistor circuit based on current subtraction principle is furthered implemented in order to reach strain sensitivity up to 12.02 nA/$με$ (gauge factor of 1773) and temperature sensitivity of -28.72 nA/°C. This implementation includes a CMOS active load to tune the strain and temperature sensitivities with a total power consumption between 20 and 150 $μ$W.
ADG-Pose: Automated Dataset Generation for Real-World Human Pose Estimation
Creators: name: Noghre, Ghazal Alinezhad
name: Pazho, Armin Danesh
name: Sanchez, Justin
name: Hewitt, Nathan
name: Neff, Christopher
name: Tabkhi, Hamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recent advancements in computer vision have seen a rise in the prominence of applications using neural networks to understand human poses. However, while accuracy has been steadily increasing on State-of-the-Art datasets, these datasets often do not address the challenges seen in real-world applications. These challenges are dealing with people distant from the camera, people in crowds, and heavily occluded people. As a result, many real-world applications have trained on data that does not reflect the data present in deployment, leading to significant underperformance. This article presents ADG-Pose, a method for automatically generating datasets for real-world human pose estimation. These datasets can be customized to determine person distances, crowdedness, and occlusion distributions. Models trained with our method are able to perform in the presence of these challenges where those trained on other datasets fail. Using ADG-Pose, end-to-end accuracy for real-world skeleton-based action recognition sees a 20% increase on scenes with moderate distance and occlusion levels, and a 4X increase on distant scenes where other models failed to perform better than random.
description: The first two authors (G. Alinezhad Noghre and A. Danesh Pazho) have equal contribution. Conference: International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence
Die AG Inklusion im FDM von GO UNITE!
Creators: name: Axtmann, Alexandra
name: Beer, Anna
name: Franz, Simone
name: Henzel, Katrin
name: Hinz, Tina
name: Neute, Nadine
name: Perry, Anja
name: Thölken, Clemens
name: Vockenhuber, Michael-Paul
name: Wiljes, Cord
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: FAIR
Open Data
Open Science
Inklusion
FDM
Forschungsdatenmanagement
barrierearm
Barrierefreiheit

description: Das vorliegende Papier beschreibt die Motivation, Ziele und Arbeitsweisen der GoUnite AG Inklusion im FDM.
Typology of contact-induced language change
Creators: name: Comrie, Bernard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014

description: In this article, my intention is not to attempt to give an overall typology of contact-induced language change, in part because such typologies already exist (such as Thomason and Kaufman 1988), in part because this would far exceed the space I have at my disposal. Rather, I will examine particular cases of language contact in order to ascertain what contribution they make towards our overall understanding of the typology of contact-induced change. The case studies come partly from my own work (section 1 on Uralic, section 2 on Haruai), partly from the work of others (section 3 on Mexicano, section 4 on Michif), and partly reflect suggestions for future work on this topic.